Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spinal Epidural En Plaque Meningioma Misdiagnosed as Lymphoma: A Case Report

Spinal meningiomas in the epidural location are rare, accounting only 2.5% to 3.5% of all spinal meningiomas. The diagnosis of spinal epidural meningiomas, solely based on imaging findings, can be difficult. They are easily mistaken for metastatic tumors or lymphomas, especially, meningiomas of the enplaque type. Misdiagnosis of meningiomas can affect the extent of surgery and patients’ outcome; hence, a careful diagnosis is needed. We report a case of pathologically confirmed epidural enplaque meningioma in the cervical spine with neural foraminal extension. Additionally, its clinical implications, radiologic features, and diagnostic difficulties are discussed.
Geographical distribution and phenotypic diversity of wild/weedy sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in Ethiopia: implications for germplasm conservation and crop–wild gene flow

Extensive studies of genetic diversity and population structure important for conservation of wild sorghum are yet lacking in Ethiopia, the centre of origin for cultivated sorghum. To assess both genetic diversity and the probability of gene flow between wild and cultivated types, collections of wild Sorghum bicolor were made from regions in Ethiopia where wild and cultivated sorghum coexist. Morphological data were recorded in situ for both quantitative and qualitative characters from 30 populations in five diverse geographical regions and eight agroecologies. High phenotypic diversity was observed among the wild and weedy sorghum populations. The overall standardized Shannon–Weaver diversity index (H′), computed from the frequencies of all qualitative traits, ranged from 0.47 to 0.98 with an average value of 0.76. Moreover, warm semi-arid lowland (SA2) agroecologies, which contain Tigray populations, supported the highest diversity for these traits. Subspecies verticilliflorum and drummondii (the two major subspecies of wild S. bicolor) were observed in diverse habitats throughout northern and central Ethiopia. In some areas, weedy types showed domestication traits including the absence of awns and reduced seed shattering. The existence of morphologically intermediate forms indicates that gene flow between cultivated and wild forms has likely occurred. Deployment of transgenic crop sorghum, therefore, would pose a distinct risk for transgene movement into wild Ethiopian populations.
The freshwater crab Trichodactylus petropolitanus (Goeldi, 1886) (Decapoda, Trichodactylidae) associated with roots of Hedychium coronarium Koenig (Zingiberacea)

This study analyzed aspects of the biology of the freshwater crab Trichodactylus petropolitanus from a population inhabiting a small montane stream in the Atlantic Forest (23 o 10´37´´S and 45 o 41´28´´W), located in the city of Cacapava, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Sampling was carried out monthly from February 2003 to January 2004, always during the day. The animals were found in association with roots of Hedychium coronarium, an invasive alien aquatic macrophyte. Juvenile (unsexed animals) and young crabs were dominant in the samples, while adults were rare. No ovigerous females or females brooding young were recorded. The analysis of relative growth showed that females reach morphological maturity at a smaller size than males. Analysis of the size-frequency distributions indicated that females grew faster than males. These differences may be related to the reproductive strategies of freshwater crabs. Our findings indicate that H. coronarium is used as a microhabitat by juveniles of T. petropolitanus along stream borders in remnants of the Atlantic Forest.
Effects of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extract of Vernonia amygdalina Leaf on the Plasma Lipid Profile and Liver Function Parameters of Normal Rats

Many plants with reported medicinal value have been demonstrated to exert a protective effect on the liver and some, with the ability of lowering the blood lipid level have also been elucidated. This study shows the effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts from Vernonia amygdalina on the plasma lipid profile as well as on the level of the liver biomarker in the plasma of normal rats. The animals were distributed into two sets of four groups with five animals in each group. Each set had a control group while the other three groups were administered different concentrations of ethanolic and aqueous extracts from V. amygdalina leaf. The control groups were administered normal saline and the other groups' 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of ethanolic and aqueous extracts respectively, twice daily for three weeks. The plasma Total Protein (TP), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Albumin (ALB) and Bilirubin (BIL) levels and plasma lipid profile of the rats were evaluated. The aqueous extract of the plant showed a significant increase in the plasmaconcentration of HDL-C with no significant difference in the plasma TC, LDL-C, VLDL- C and TG levels. Thus, these results suggested that the ethanolic extract from the leaves of V. amygdalina had a hepatoprotective effect while hypolipidemic effect can be suggested for the aqueous extracts.
Patent-Based News Shocks

What do patents tell us about the economic effects of future technological improvements? We identify aggregate and industry level patent-based news shocks by exploiting changes in stock market valuations of firms that obtain patent grants. Our shocks resemble diffusion news, as they do not affect total factor productivity in the short run but induce a strong permanent effect after five years. We find that patent-based news shocks produce positive comovement between consumption, output, investment, and hours. They also generate positive responses in inflation and in the federal funds rate, consistent with standard New Keynesian models. ∗We thank the editor and two anonymous referees for key comments that strongly improved our paper. For helpful comments on previous drafts of the paper, we thank Rodrigo Adão, Nick Bloom, Hafedh Bouakez, Efrem Castelnuovo, Antonio Conti, Domenico Giannone, Christoph Görtz, Boyan Jovanovich, Pavel Kapinos, Sydney Ludvigson, Michael McMahon, Roberto Pancrazi, Carlo Peroni, Thijs van Rens, Francesco Zanetti, and the participants of the conferences Using Alternative Datasets for Macro Analysis and Monetary Policy (Bocconi/Banque de France), Advances in Applied Macro Finance, Warwick Macroeconomics Seminar, Sheffield Workshop in Macroeconomics and International Finance Workshop (Federal Reserve Board). Chazz Edington provided excellent research assistance. The views expressed in this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and should not be interpreted as reflecting the view of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or of any other person associated with the Federal Reserve System. †Federal Reserve Board, International Finance Division, Washington, D.C. 20551, USA; Email address: danilo.cascaldi-garcia@frb.gov ‡University of Warwick, Economics Department, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Email address: M.Vukotic@warwick.ac. uk 1 00943 20 Review of Economics and Statistics Just Accepted MS. rest by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Enhancing Mechanical Performance of Bagasse Fiber-Epoxy Composite by Surface Treatment

Surface treatment is one of the method used to enhance the mechanical performance of natural fiber composite by improving the compatibility of fiber and matrix. Nevertheless, no proof can be shown on which surface treatment is the absolute solution in improving the mechanical properties of natural fiber composite. Different surface treatments might have needed for different kinds of natural fiber composites. In this research work, water, alkaline, permanganate, bleaching and acetylation treatment on bagasse fiber are evaluated and the effect of soaking temperature as well as the effect of fiber loading are investigated. The mechanical performance of bagasse fiber-epoxy composite was studied by carrying out three-point bending test and optical microscopy test. Among 0w/w% and 5w/w% fiber loading, composite with 1w/w% and 2w/w% fiber loading possessed the highest flexural strength and modulus respectively. However, poor wettability between fiber and matrix was observed at higher fiber loading. Water, bleaching, permanganate and acetylation treatment have minor positive effect on the mechanical performance of the composite, yet a great increment in flexural properties of alkali treated fiber composite was noticed such that 21.48% and 23.95% of improvement was made on flexural strength and flexural modulus respectively. Optical microscopy test indicated that alkali treatment is responsible for roughening the fiber surface, and improving the fiber wettability and dispersion. Depend on the surface treatment, effect of soaking temperature may vary. In some treatments, hotter soaking temperature led to faster rate of reaction, which resulted in greater surface roughening and greater cleansing effect. Despite of that, over reaction can be happened in some cases, which will result in lower flexural properties due to over damaged fiber. Hence, it was concluded that the alkaline treatment at room temperature could be the most effective surface treatment to enhance the mechanical performance of bagasse fiber-epoxy composite.
Small spermatophore size and reduced female fitness in an isolated butterfly population

1. The Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia L.) has a small population (Ne ∼ 100) on the small island of Pikku Tytärsaari (PT) in the Gulf of Finland. The population has remained completely isolated for ∼100 generations, which has resulted in greatly reduced genetic variation and high genetic load (low fitness). In particular, females lay small egg clutches with a low egg‐hatching rate in comparison with a large reference population in the Åland Islands (ÅL).
Suppression mechanism of Fusarium wilt of melon caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis by compost

Several composts were prepared under controlled conditions from a mixture of separated cow manure (SCM) mixed with either orange peels (OP), wheat straw (WS), dried tomato plants (TP) or dried pepper plants (PP) that were removed from the greenhouses after the end of the season. The suppression ability of these composts was tested while serving as components of soil-less media for several vegetable crops using four different formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum: melonis, basilici, radicis-lycopersici and radicis-cucumerinum (FOM, FOB, FORL and FORC respectively). TP-SCM, OP-SCM and WS-SCM significantly reduced disease development in melon, tomato and cucumber seedlings compared with the fast development of these diseases in conducive peat moss. Disease reduction ranging 4194% by the composts was evident using various types of inocula: conidia produced in culture, conidia naturally produced on infected stems and soil inoculum produced by enriching the soil with infected tissues. Pathogen colonization of the roots and stems of infected melon plants grown in TP-SCM and OP-SCM composts was significantly lower, compared to melon plants grown in peat. Sterilization of TP-SCM and OPSCM composts by gamma irradiation reduced the suppression ability of the composts, while disease development and final disease incidence in peat were not affected. The populations of the four Fusarium forma speciales declined in 60-100% during 35 days when their conidia were mixed with composts. This could stem from a direct effect on the pathogen. The suppression effect of TP-SCM compost was observed during four consecutive replanting cycles of melon seedlings inoculated with FOM and three growing seasons in a commercial cucumber greenhouse, naturally infested with FORC.
EFFECTS OF METEOROLOGICAL VARIATIONS ON THE CO2 EXCHANGE OF A BRAZILIAN TRANSITIONAL TROPICAL FOREST

The net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) of a 28-30 m tall transitional (eco- tonal) tropical forest of the Brazilian Amazon was quantified using tower-based eddy co- variance. Measurements were made between August 1999 and July 2001 and were used to develop nonlinear statistical models to assess daily variations in ecophysiological param- eters and provide annual estimates of NEE, gross ecosystem CO2 exchange (GEE), and respiration (Re). Diurnal trends in NEE were correlated with variations in photosynthetic photon flux density ( Q), vapor pressure deficit (V ), and temperature. Seasonal trends in the CO2-flux components estimated from nonlinear regression ( Amax and R0) were highly cor- related with soil water availability and canopy structural properties (LAI and litter pro- duction). These results suggest that variations in soil water content can affect rates of canopy photosynthesis and whole forest respiration by altering both physiological processes and canopy structural properties. Estimates of the annual NEE suggest that the forest was in balance with respect to CO2 during the study period, which, in terms of rainfall, was a relatively typical period compared to the 30-yr average rainfall regime. Our results also suggest that the warmer and dryer microclimate and decline in LAI that accompany land- cover change will cause transitional forests to be sources of CO 2 to the atmosphere.
Who Enjoys Teaching, and When? Between- and Within-Person Evidence on Teachers’ Appraisal-Emotion Links

Testing assumptions proposed by Frenzel’s reciprocal model of teacher emotions (e.g., Frenzel, 2014), this study explored relations between teachers’ appraisals concerning the attainment and importance of their teaching goals, and their emotions. Specifically, we addressed teachers’ goals of high student performance, motivation, discipline, and high-quality teacher–student relationship and three key discrete emotions, namely, enjoyment, anger, and anxiety, during teaching. We had 244 secondary school teachers (70.1% female) self-report their goal attainment and importance appraisals and emotional experiences with respect to up to three different classes they currently taught. Results from single- and two-level multivariate multiple regression analyses largely supported the relevance of the goal attainment appraisals for teachers’ emotions both on the between-person and the within-person level. Goal importance appraisals proved to be of secondary relevance. On the between-person level, those teachers who positively appraised the attainment of motivation, discipline, and teacher–student relationship quality proved to report more enjoyment and less anxiety and anger. On the within-person level, teachers reported enjoying teaching those classes more, which they perceived as better performing, more motivated and disciplined, and with whom they had a better relationship. Anger and anxiety were negatively linked to appraisals pertaining to the attainment of discipline and teacher–student relationship quality. Across both analysis perspectives, teacher–student relationship quality attainment showed particularly strong links with all three emotions. Because teachers’ subjective evaluations regarding student behaviors were shown to be highly relevant for their emotions, we conclude that teachers could be supported in modifying their emotional experiences through cognitive reappraisal. Interventions targeting teachers’ relationships with students, and their cognitive judgments thereof, seem particularly promising.
Light-trap catches of African armyworm moths, Spodoptera exempta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in relation to rain and wind

The association between weather and light-trap catches of Spodoptera exempta (Wlk.) was examined for four traps in East Africa, using whole–night catches and several years' data. Large increases in trap catch were found to be (1) significantly associated with rain at all four traps for the period December–March, but not for later in the season; (2) significantly associated with light wind periods at Muguga for December–May, but not later in the year, and not at Nakuru, due to the very high overall frequency of light winds there; and (3) not significantly associated with windshifts at either Muguga or Nakuru. These results suggest that high densities of flying moths, which may give rise to caterpillar outbreaks early in the year, often occur where the rather infrequent early–season rains fall.
On three new Euathlus tarantulas from Argentina and cladistic analysis of the genus

Abstract Three unknown species of Euathlus Ausserer 1875 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) are recognized and formally described. Euathlus diamante Ferretti sp. nov., E. sagei Ferretti sp. nov., and E. tenebrarum Ferretti sp. nov. are described from the Mendoza and Neuquén provinces of western Argentina. The cladistic analysis showed Euathlus as monophyletic supported by the following synapomorphies: i) male tibial apophysis with fused branches bases; ii) presence of a ventral spine on retrolateral branch of male tibial apophysis; iii) sternum longer than wide. According to this cladistics analysis, a tree topology of (Homoeomma uruguayense (Mello-Leitão 1946) (Plesiopelma longisternale (Schiapelli & Gerschman 1942) (Grammostola anthracina (C.L. Koch 1842) (Phrixotrichus scrofa (Molina 1788) (E. tenebrarum sp. nov. (E. truculentus L. Koch 1875, E. sagei sp. nov. ((E. parvulus (Pocock 1903) (E. condorito Perafán & Pérez-Miles 2014, E. manicata (Simon 1892), E. atacama Perafán & Pérez-Miles 2014)) (E. antai Perafán & Pérez-Miles 2014, E. diamante sp. nov.)))))))) is reported.
Diversity of arthropods communities in transgenic cotton varieties in Santa Fe province, Argentina

Genetically modified (GM) crops have been widely expanded within the agricultural systems in Argentina, being BT/ RR cotton well adopted since its commercial approval in 2009. However no has been study and compared the arthropods diversity in cotton crops Bt and non Bt with one and two stackes trait events and its possible impacts on the environment. The aim of this study was to compare single-trait event cotton (non Bt) to stacked trait event cotton (Bt) evaluating abundance, richness and diversity of arthropod for the environmental conditions of the northern region of Santa Fe and to obtain information useful for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Programs. Experiments were conducted during three growing seasons (Y1: 2009/10, Y2: 2010/11 and Y3: 2011/12) at the Agricultural Experimental Station of INTA Reconquista, Santa Fe (Argentina). A randomized complete block design with five replications was used with two Treatments: 1) No Bt: (RR) G2000, herbicide resistant and 2) Bt Crop: (BR) NuOpal, Lepidoptera and herbicide-resistant, using two sampling methods (pitfall traps and G-Vac). The abundance and species richness showed no differences between the Bt and non Bt cotton and years analyzed, except for the diversity index did show differences between Y1 and Y2. A high proportion of beneficial arthropods were recorded for both treatments throughout the entire sampling period. According to the results obtained in three cotton seasons, the diversity of arthropods present in both events cotton crops were not affected and may be considered as a control strategy in a IPM for maintaining this fauna and sustainability in this crops.
Nitrogen and Vine-harvest Method Affect Cranberry Vine Production and Yield

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. Vaccinium macrocarpon, new plantings, pruning, mowing, canopy management, propagation, sanding SUMMARY. Four nitrogen (N) rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 lb/acre) were applied annually, and two spring vine-harvest methods (heavy pruning and mowing) were applied biennially in all combinations at one commercial ‘Stevens’ cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) farm in southeastern Massachusetts for six consecutive years. Vine weights generated from each treatment combination were collected in Years 1, 3, and 5 (vine-harvest years). Mean vine weight across N treatments from the biennial pruning and mowing events was 1.4 and 3.6 tons/acre, respectively. Vine-harvest method affected yield components (number and weight of reproductive uprights) since mowed plots had values near zero in the vine-harvest year, and pruned vines were always productive. Increasing N rate increased overall vine weight produced. Pruned vines produced more marketable fruit than mowed vines in Year 4 and Year 6. Net income declined with increasing N rate (except Year 1). Averaged over 6 years, increasing N rate decreased net income of and had no effect on pruned and mowed vines, respectively. Although an alternate-year mowing program provides minimal opportunity for sustained vine recovery and would not be recommended for use over an extended period, mowing provided similar net income as heavy pruning (assuming income and/or cost savings from both vines and fruit) when 50 lb/acre N was applied. The incorporation of mowing, in conjunction with other cultural practices that manage the cranberry canopy and generate fruit, can be a viable economic option.
Evaluation of nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in broiler diets varying in nutrient and energy levels as measured by broiler performance and processing parameters

SUMMARY An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of 2 nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes (NSPase) on broiler performance when supplemented in corn-soybean meal diets varying in nutrient profiles. Three nutrient profiles [control diet (PC), diet with reduced energy and protein levels (NC1), and diet with a reduced energy level (NC2)] and 3 enzyme treatments (control, NSPase A, and NSPase B) were used in a 6-wk broiler trial. The nutrient profile of the control diet met the dietary specifications of a local commercial integrator. The NC1 diet was achieved by equivalent reductions (4%) in total protein and energy (133 kcal/kg) levels from the PC diet, and the NC2 diet was achieved by a 133 kcal/kg (4%) reduction in energy level compared with the PC diet. Broilers were fed the starter diet through 12 d of age, a grower diet through 26 d of age, and a finisher diet through 41 d of age. Body weight was reduced (P < 0.05) at d 12 and 26 in the NC1 diet as compared with the other 2 diets. Body weight of broilers fed the NC2 diet was reduced (P < 0.05) compared with broilers fed the PC diet on d 26. An increase (P < 0.05) in FCR was also observed through the starter period in the NC1 diet. Significant improvements (2 to 4%) were observed in FCR with the inclusion of both NSPase enzymes through the starter and grower periods of the experiment. An interaction between diet and enzyme treatment was observed for d 41 BW, with an increase (P < 0.05) being observed with NSPase B inclusion in the NC2 diet. Additionally, NSPase B inclusion increased (P < 0.05) breast meat weight in broilers fed the PC diet. Therefore, NSPase inclusion can improve growth performance in market broilers and allow for reduced nutrient inclusion rates in an effort to reduce costs.