Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth performance, water use and wood properties of Eucalypt clones in Tanzania

This study was conducted to determine growth performance, water use and wood properties of Eucalypt clones in Tanzania. Eucalypt clones of Eucalyptus grandis x E. camaldulensis (GC), E. grandis x E. urophylla (GU), E. grandis x E. tereticornis (GT) growing in Lushoto, Kwamarukanga, Kibaha and Tabora sites were studied. Growth performance, water use and wood properties data were collected at the age of 8 to 10 years. Data on growth performance were analysed using SAS Software and subjected to ANOVA using treatment means. Water use data were analysed using sap flow tool software. Wood properties data were analysed using SAS Software and subjected to ANOVA using treatment means. Significant clones’ means were separated using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Results revealed significant (p<0.05) difference in survival, Dbh, height, basal area, volume and biomass between clones. Significant (p<0.05) difference in water use was observed between clones. Results revealed that GC167, GC15 and GC940 had average water uses of 14, 7 and 5 L day -1 respectively in wet season and 11, 9 and 8 L day -1 respectively in dry season. Significant (p<0.05) differences in fibre length, modulus of elasticity and shear strength were observed between clones from all sites. No significant differences between clones were observed in wood density, modulus of rupture, compression and cleavage strength. The study concludes that some Eucalypt clones showed good survival, growth, basal area, volume and biomass in respective sites. Wood properties for the studied clones meet the minimum requirements needed for pulp and paper production, fuel wood and for structural applications. This study recommended the following clones, GC 581, GC 584 and GU 608 for Lushoto, GC 15, GC 167 and GC 940 for Kibaha, GC 514, GT 529 and GC 940 for Kwamarukanga and GC 15, GC 584 and GC 940 for Tabora site to be considered for planting in areas with climatic conditions similar to the sites where they
Fluid-rock interaction in the geothermal field of Chipilapa (El Salvador); contribution of fluid-inclusion data

Alteration petrology and fluid inclusion (F.I.) studies were performed on 8 drill sampies from the Chipilapa geothermal field (EI Salvador), located in a Quatemary volcanic pile. These studies indicate a vertical zoning of alteration with an ( 1 ) early propylitic type (epidote + chlorite + quartz), followed by (2) a clay-carbonate alteration with calcite + mixed layers illite/smectite and chlorite/saponite whose expandability regularly decreases with depth. Presently (3), crystallization of diand trioctahedral smectites occurs at the walls of the active faults. Fluid inclusions were studied by microthermometry in quartz (Q), epidote (E) and calcite (C); three types of inclusions were found: types Ql, EI or Cl are two-phase liquid-rich primary F.I. ; Q2 and C2 are vapor F.I. on secondary trails; Q3 and C3 are two-phase secondary inclusions. Fluid composition did not change significantly since the initiation of the field. Crystallization of host minerals for F.I. occurs from '" 270°C (quartz) to '" 230T for calcite and does not depend upon the depth; temperatures recorded in primary and secondary F.I. are higher than the present temperatures measured in drill-hole, showing that the field is in a cooling stage. The presence of vapour-rich secondary F.I. is an indication of secondary boiling. Coupling alteration and F.I. data allows a reconstruction of the geothermal history of the Chipilapa geothermal field. During the first stage, a conductive thermal gradient developed the zoned propylitic alteration; the second stage was initiated by intense fracturing of the upper part of the system, then by large influxes of meteoric water which caused boiling and promoted calcite and mixed-layers crystallization. Decreasing permeability (third stage) allowed the formation of a new geothermal gradient and conversion of mixed-layers toward illite or chlorite according to depth. Active circulations (present-day stage) are controlled by active faults where smectites nucleate independently of the temperatures. Key-words: active geothermal field, fluid inclusion microthermometry, alteration petrology, mixed-layer clays.
The uncertainty of the HelioClim-3 DNI data under Moroccan climate

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the uncertainty of the DNI satellite-derived data from HelioClim-3 against those measured at ground level by calculating the classical statistical performance indicators for different time resolutions (hourly, daily and monthly). Correlations between the errors and the Aerosol optical depth (AOD) data measured by an AERONET sun photometer station at the University of Oujda were performed. Results show that the DNI data derived from Helioclim-3 can be considered as acceptable for satellite data with an RMSE of 19.7 % and a bias of 7.9 % for the hourly data. HelioClim-3 systematically over-estimates the daily DNI sums for the investigated site. The correlation to AOD at 550 nm can only be one of the reasons for the deviation. Corrections or site adaptation could help to increase the accuracy of the data base for that pixel.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the uncertainty of the DNI satellite-derived data from HelioClim-3 against those measured at ground level by calculating the classical statistical performance indicators for different time resolutions (hourly, daily and monthly). Correlations between the errors and the Aerosol optical depth (AOD) data measured by an AERONET sun photometer station at the University of Oujda were performed. Results show that the DNI data derived from Helioclim-3 can be considered as acceptable for satellite data with an RMSE of 19.7 % and a bias of 7.9 % for the hourly data. HelioClim-3 systematically over-estimates the daily DNI sums for the investigated site. The correlation to AOD at 550 nm can only be one of the reasons for the deviation. Corrections or site adaptation could help to increase the accuracy of the data base for that pixel.
Variation in hydrologic connectivity as a result of microtopography explained by discharge to catchment size relationship

In hydrological terms, raised bogs are often approximated by simple models as in the acrotelm–catotelm concept. However, raised bogs are often characterized by a pronounced surface topography, causing large changes in connectivity of contributing areas on the bog. In this study, daily regression of measured discharges versus catchment areas is used to quantify the impact of surface topography on catchment connectivity within a raised bog. The resulting coefficient of determination shows the strength of the relationship between the discharge and catchment area over time under different hydrological conditions. Monitoring of discharge, water table, transmissivity, and basic weather data on a raised bog (1.9 km2) in eastern central Estonia took place from May 2008 to June 2010. Contributing areas, calculated based on the outlet's discharge volume (VQ) divided by the net precipitation volume ( VPnet ), of the outlet containing the central pool‐ridge system varied between 1×10−3 and 0.7 km2, suggesting significant differences in connectivity between hydrological events. Correlation between discharge and theoretical catchment size was high (R2>0.75) when the water table was close to the surface (less than 5 cm below peat surface), and consequently, transmissivities were also high (up to 1,030m2d−1), which led to connectivity of local storage elements, such as pools and hollows. However, a water table below this threshold resulted in large parts of the catchment being disconnected. The importance of water table depths on catchment connectivity suggests the need to reconsider the hydrological concept of raised bogs; to incorporate these shallow flow components and better understand residence time and consequently transport of solutes, such as DOC, from patterned peatlands.
A Progressive Sampling Method for Dual-Node Imbalanced Learning with Restricted Data Access

Imbalanced learning, characterised by disproportionate class distributions, impedes the effectiveness of learning algorithms, particularly when available data is scarce. Although the utilisation of external data sources can alleviate these challenges, complete access to such resources is often hampered by privacy regulations or lack of annotations, further complicating the imbalanced learning problem. Additionally, exploiting all data from an external node may not be efficient due to data redundancy and computational constraints. To navigate these issues, this paper introduces an innovative solution for imbalanced learning with restricted data access. We propose a data selection method focused on selecting balanced data from the data-rich but restricted node, prioritising diversity, informativeness and balance. Our strategy mitigates the need for exhaustive data exploration and promotes efficient use of the available data.To further enhance the robustness of data selection, we present an iterative method that progressively selects balanced data. The iterative process, involving training a fully supervised model on the data-shortage node and a contrastive model on the data-rich node, incrementally refines the balance of selected data. Additionally, our method employs prediction entropy to automatically generate weights for training the contrastive models, a distinct improvement over manual weight specification. We validate the effectiveness of our approach through extensive experimentation and demonstrate that our proposed methodology addresses the challenges of imbalanced learning under restricted data access, leading to improved data utilisation, enhanced balance, and better representation in imbalanced learning scenarios. The code is available on GitHub at https://github.com/uqyqiu/CPSL.
Knowledge of fruits and vegetables, consumption pattern and associated factors among adults in Lagos State, Nigeria

Objective : Low fruit and vegetable consumption is a major global risk factor for morbidity (associated with micronutrient deficiencies) and premature mortality; meanwhile, little is known about the adequacy and consumption pattern in Lagos, Nigeria. This study therefore determined knowledge, patterns, adequacy and factors associated with fruits and vegetables consumption among adults in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods : This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that employed a multistage sampling method to select 330 adults from one local government area in Lagos State. Data was collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Questions on knowledge were scored and the total obtainable score was 13. The percentage of the score obtained out of the total obtainable score (13) was used in grading the level of knowledge. Adequacy of fruit and vegetable intake was regarded as consuming an average of at least five (5) servings of fruits and vegetables per day within the previous one week before the study. Data was analyzed using Epi info version 7 and Chi-square was used to determine associations between categorical variables. Results : Majority of the respondents were males (60.6%), between age 19 to 38 years (69.4%) and had at least secondary school education (93%). Only 24.9% of respondents had a 'good' level of knowledge while 27.0% consumed 'adequate' amount of fruits and vegetables. Orange and pumpkin were the most frequently consumed fruit and vegetable respectively. Educational status, income, female gender and marriage were associated with adequate intake of fruits and vegetables (p<0.05). Conclusion : Knowledge and prevalence of adequate intake of fruits and vegetables were low especially among young unmarried men who are of low socio-economic status in Lagos. Orange and pumpkin were the most frequently consumed fruit and vegetable. Efforts to increase public awareness about fruits and vegetables should be targeted towards younger unmarried males of low socioeconomic status. Keywords : Fruit, vegetables, knowledge, consumption pattern, adequacy
Fairly Decentralizing a Hybrid Concurrency Control Protocol for Real-time Database Systems

Transaction priority is a critical feature for real-time database systems. This prioritization mechanism is widely implemented, particularly in locking-based concurrency control protocols. Plor is a non-real-time concurrency control protocol based on the 2-phase locking protocol. Plor utilizes the Wound-Wait scheme, a timestamps-based scheme for deadlock prevention, as it provides lower tail latency. One problem of Plor is that it requires transactions to fetch timestamps from a single centralized atomic counter. This paper evaluates the implementation of the Fair Thread ID method (FairTID), in which transactions use the thread IDs as their timestamps instead of fetching timestamps in 2-phase locking protocols and maintain the prioritization inherited from the Wound-Wait scheme. The FairTID method shows up to 1.5 times throughput improvement while reducing latency by 1.6 times and deadline-miss ratio by 1.67 times over the baseline protocol. The method displayed significant improvements in performance while the level of contention was not high.
SSDWSN: A Scalable Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks

In multi-hop wireless sensor networks (WSNs), sensors operate autonomously and make routing decisions independently. However, these devices are often located in remote or inaccessible areas and have limited energy and memory resources. As the network scales, efficient management to conserve resources and extend its lifetime becomes increasingly challenging. Software-defined WSNs (SDWSNs) offer a solution by enabling centralized control of low-power WSNs. However, continuously updating the controller with the network state generates significant traffic, resulting in energy loss, increased overhead, and reduced scalability and network lifetime. This study proposes a scalable SDWSN framework (SSDWSN) to address these challenges. The proposed approach focuses on scheduling, balanced routing, aggregation, and reducing traffic overhead caused by periodic network state updates to the controller. This paper presents the architecture of the proposed framework, along with the Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agent. It also proposes two Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO)-based learning policies, namely PPO-ATCP and PPO-NSFP. These policies are designed to efficiently utilize SDWSN network resources and accurately predict the network state by continuously monitoring the synchronized network state within the controller, taking appropriate actions, and updating the learning parameters based on reward functions. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of PPO-ATCP and PPO-NSFP in reducing controller-bound traffic overhead by 57% and 85%, respectively, while improving energy efficiency by 28% and 53% in SDWSNs. Additionally, PPO-NSFP achieved a minimum accuracy of 85% in network state prediction under different network-size scenarios.
Risk Factors for Respiratory Depression Associated with Tramadol Based on the Global Pharmacovigilance Database (VigiBase)

Tramadol, a weak μ-opioid receptor agonist, has been used worldwide for pain management. It is considered to have a favorable safety profile without serious adverse events; however, safety issues of respiratory depression were proposed by regulatory governments. We aimed to examine the risk and contributing factors associated with tramadol-related respiratory depression using a real-world database, VigiBase. Disproportionality analysis of tramadol and tramadol/paracetamol was performed using proportional reporting ratios, reporting odds ratios, and information components for all drugs and opioids. Factors related to respiratory depression, including sex, age, presence of abuse, death, and various concomitant medications, were evaluated. Among 140,721 tramadol reports, respiratory depression was reported in 1126 cases, 81.3% of which were deemed serious. Five adverse events were detected as signals of tramadol-related acute central respiratory depression (ACRD) in 882 reports. A higher proportion of ACRD cases in children and adolescents was observed than all adverse events cases of tramadol. Concomitant users of CYP2D6 inhibitors, opioids, benzodiazepines, and anti-depressant drugs showed a higher proportion in ACRD cases than non-ACRD cases. ACRD was related to drug abuse and death. This pharmacovigilance study, using VigiBase, confirmed a high risk of respiratory depression (a serious, potentially fatal adverse event) secondary to the use of tramadol, especially in pediatric patients, drug abusers, or during concomitant use of opioids, benzodiazepines, or antidepressants.
On the presence of some rare copepods in the Levantine Basin

Signalement de 103 especes de copepodes appartenant pour la plupart a des formes epiplanctoniques d'eau temperee chaude. Parmi ces especes 9 sont des formes indopacifiques: Calanopia elliptica, C. media, Labidocera detruncata, L. orsinii, L. pavo, L. agilis, L. madurae, Acartia fossue et Pontellina plumata
Towards Maximum Power Conversion from Realistic Vibrations: Limits for Size-Constrained Inertial Kinetic Energy Harvesters Under BI-Chromatic Vibration Inputs

The topic of power conversion limits for size-constrained kinetic energy harvesting systems, and the associated optimal design, has mainly been explored for monochromatic and stochastic excitations. In this work, we present a first extension where we evaluate the absolute power conversion bound in the case of bi-chromatic vibration inputs. The resulting maximum power limit is shown to depend on both the relative amplitude and the phase shift of the input harmonics. We then evaluate this bound numerically for a near-optimally matched velocity-damped resonant generator. We show that for some relative amplitudes and phase shifts of the input vibration harmonics, the converted power drops to 45% of the absolute power bound, well below the well-known 79% limit that holds for monochromatic inputs.
Control Strategy for Safety Purposes Based Upon Momentum Regulation

Ensuring human safety in human–robot collaboration is an active research topic. This paper newly presented that momentum is a quantification parameter to estimate slight injury, and 14.6 N $\cdot$ s was considered as a threshold of the slight injury onset level. Based on this finding, a momentum observer-based control strategy for securing the safety of human body parts in the clamping scenario was originally proposed. The momentum observer and motion reshaping provided a momentum-limit function, helping to avoid the risk associated with the momentum exceeding the threshold. The part of the estimated external momentum that exceeds a predetermined momentum threshold is transformed into a motion trajectory to reshape the command motion and limit the external momentum under the injury onset criterion. Clamping experiments were conducted using a manipulator with seven degrees of freedom and a dummy with high biofidelity. The experimental results show that the external momentum was successfully limited under the momentum threshold that was set as 10 N $\cdot$ s, and a 5 N contact force was reduced to 0 N in the clamping situation. The study exhibits that the proposed control strategy can help avoid the risk of the momentum exceeding an injury onset threshold when the human body part is clamped and can effectively release the human body part in a clamping scenario.
Ecology of Cities and Towns: Carbon and nitrogen cycling in soils of remnant forests along urban–rural gradients: case studies in the New York metropolitan area and Louisville, Kentucky

During the past 50 years urban and suburban areas in the United States have been expanding rapidly at the expense of agricultural land and natural ecosystems (Richards. 1990; Douglas, 1994). Between 1960 and 1990, 12.6 million ha of cropland, forest and pasture in the United States were converted to urban and suburban land (Frey, 1984; Dougherty, 1992). An additional 4.5 million ha of rural land were developed in the 5 years between 1992 and 1997 (USDA National Resources Inventory, 2000), indicating that the pace of land conversion in the United States has been accelerating. While cities and towns now cover 3.5% of the conterminous United States, their associated sprawl into adjacent counties designated as Metropolitan Areas has resulted in 24.5% of the area of the United States being categorised as urban land cover (Dwyer et at., 2000). These areas, including their natural components like forested land, are thus becoming increasingly exposed to the effects of diverse urban activities. The states that have experienced the greatest population growth per unit land area between 1990 and 1996 occur in the eastern third of the country, where human settlement is expanding mostly into forested land (Dwyer et al., 2000). These eastern rural
Using the Conditional Process Analysis Model to Characterize the Evolution of Carbon Structure in Taxodium ascendens Biochar with Varied Pyrolysis Temperature and Holding Time

Temperature determines biochar structure during pyrolysis. However, differences in holding time and feedstock types may affect this relationship. The conditional process analysis model was used in this paper to investigate the potential to affect this mechanism. The branch and leaf parts of Taxodium ascendens were separately pyrolyzed at 350, 450, 650, and 750 °C, and kept for 0.5, 1, and 2 h at each target temperature. We measured the fixed carbon and ash contents and the elemental composition (C, H, O and N) of the raw materials and their char samples. After plotting a Van Krevelen (VK) diagram to determine the aromatization of chars, the changes in the functional groups were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed that pyrolysis at temperatures between 450 and 750 °C accounted for the aromatization of biochar because the atomic H/C ratio of branch-based chars (BC) decreased from 0.53–0.59 to 0.15–0.18, and the ratio of leaf-based chars (LC) decreased from 0.56–0.68 to 0.20–0.22; the atomic O/C ratio of BC decreased from 0.22–0.27 to 0.08–0.11, while that of LC decreased from 0.26–0.28 to 0.18–0.21. Moreover, the average contents of N (1.89%) and ash (13%) in LC were evidently greater than that in BC (N:0.62%; Ash: 4%). Therefore, BC was superior to LC in terms of the stability of biochar. In addition, the increasing ID/IG and ID/I(DR+GL) ratios in BC and LC indicated an increasing amount of the amorphous aromatic carbon structure with medium-sized (2~6 rings) fused benzene rings. According to the CPA analysis, an extension of the holding time significantly enhanced the increase in aromatic structures of LC with temperature. But this extension slightly reduced the growth in aromatic structures of BC. All indicate that holding time and feedstock types (branch or leaf feedstock) could significantly affect the variation in biochar aromatic structure with respect to temperature.