Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ABSTRACT CONVEXITY OF EXTENDED REAL VALUED INCREASING AND POSITIVELY HOMOGENEOUS FUNCTIONS

CONVEXITY OF EXTENDED REAL VALUED INCREASING AND POSITIVELY HOMOGENEOUS FUNCTIONS H. Mohebi 1 and A. R. Doagooei 1 Mahani Mathematical Research Center and Department of Mathematics Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran 2 Department of Mathematics Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran e-mail: hmohebi@mail.uk. ac.ir Abstract. In this paper, we examine abstract convexity of extended real valued increasing and positively homogeneous functions defined on ordered topological vector spaces. We also study many other associated properties like the description of support set, polar function and subdifferential. Finally, we give a characterization for upward sets in a very general setting. In this paper, we examine abstract convexity of extended real valued increasing and positively homogeneous functions defined on ordered topological vector spaces. We also study many other associated properties like the description of support set, polar function and subdifferential. Finally, we give a characterization for upward sets in a very general setting.
Si Blorok: Mother Figure as Performer of Islamic Education Values in Dongenge Pitik karo Bebek

A fairy tale is a media parents use to instill good values ​​in children. In fairy tales, children can learn values embedded to strengthen their value education. One of the figures who often has a vital role in conveying values and becomes a role model is a mother figure. The mother figure in children’s stories or fairy tales can inspire parents in the family or teachers at school by providing an example of good behavior to the children. This study focused on Islamic education values in the character of Si Blorok, portrayed as a mother figure. This study used a qualitative descriptive approach by analyzing the character of Si Blorok. The data source was a fairy tale entitled "Dongenge Pitik karo Bebek" written by Impian Nopitasarihe data is the character of Si Blorok as a mother figure presenting Islamic education values through sentences or dialogues in the fairy tale. Another character in Dongenge Pitik karo Bebek became supporting data in analyzing the Islamic education values performed by Si Blorok. The data were analyzed by applying Menderop’s theories (2005), namely telling and showing methods to explore the character in the fairy tale. The results show that Si Blorok is regarded as a happy, loving and caring, loyal and patient, fair, active, and wise mother. Therefore, from an Islamic perspective, the figure mother, Si Blorok, has reflected as the first teacher to teach good values to children.
Propagation Characteristics of Lightning Radiation Field on Three-Layer Vertical Layered Ground Based on CPML Absorption Boundary

The perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition based on coordinate scaling transformation (CPML) has a good absorption effect in finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD) calculation. In this study, we derive the CPML update equations in the 2-D cylindrical coordinate system by setting an appropriate coordinate-stretching variable, which can more easily achieve CPML and obtain good results in the calculation of lightning electromagnetic field. Then, the propagation characteristics of the lightning return stroke radiation field on the three-layer vertical layered ground structure are studied. The results show the following: 1) at 10 m above the ground, the vertical electric field and azimuthal magnetic field are almost not affected by the vertically layered ground structure, while the horizontal electric field is slightly affected by the vertical layered ground structure and 2) at 3 m below the ground, the lightning radiation fields are all affected by the vertically layered ground structure, which the vertical electric field is the most affected, and it can also use two-layer vertical layered ground structure instead of three-layer vertical layered ground structure for FDTD calculation under certain conditions, which can simplify the calculation model. All the results are obtained at a close distance from the lighting channel.
Recent Developments in the Field of Endoscopic Ultrasound for Diagnosis, Staging, and Treatment of Pancreatic Lesions

Simple Summary The management of pancreatic lesions and especially of pancreatic cancer remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge given their poor overall prognoses. This review aims to summarize the available evidence on the role of endoscopic ultrasound regarding diagnosis, staging, and treatment of pancreatic lesions. Moreover, it highlights potential future research opportunities that could lead to improved patient outcomes. Abstract Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of both solid and cystic pancreatic lesions and in the staging of patients with pancreatic cancer through its use for tissue and fluid sampling. Additionally, in cases of precancerous lesions, EUS-guided therapy can also be provided. This review aims to describe the most recent developments regarding the role of EUS in the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic lesions. Moreover, complementary EUS imaging modalities, the role of artificial intelligence, new devices, and modalities for tissue acquisition, and techniques for EUS-guided treatment are discussed.
Hemispheric Differences of 1 Hz rTMS over Motor and Premotor Cortex in Modulation of Neural Processing and Hand Function

Introduction: Non-invasive brain stimulation can modulate both neural processing and behavioral performance. Its effects may be influenced by the stimulated area and hemisphere. In this study (EC no. 09083), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) or dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC) of either the right or left hemisphere, while evaluating cortical neurophysiology and hand function. Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects participated in this placebo-controlled crossover study. Four sessions of real 1 Hz rTMS (110% of rMT, 900 pulses) over (i) left M1, (ii) right M1, (iii) left dPMC, (iv) right dPMC, and one session of (v) placebo 1 Hz rTMS (0% of rMT, 900 pulses) over the left M1 were applied in randomized order. Motor function of both hands (Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT)) and neural processing within both hemispheres (motor evoked potentials (MEPs), cortical silent period (CSP), and ipsilateral silent period (ISP)) were evaluated prior and after each intervention session. Results: A lengthening of CSP and ISP durations within the right hemisphere was induced by 1 Hz rTMS over both areas and hemispheres. No such intervention-induced neurophysiological changes were detected within the left hemisphere. Regarding JTHFT and MEP, no intervention-induced changes ensued. Changes of hand function correlated with neurophysiological changes within both hemispheres, more often for the left than the right hand. Conclusions: Effects of 1 Hz rTMS can be better captured by neurophysiological than behavioral measures. Hemispheric differences need to be considered for this intervention.
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS AND DEEP MIXING IN EVOLVED STARS. I. TWO- AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYTICAL MODELS FOR THE ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH

The advection of thermonuclear ashes by magnetized domains emerging near the H shell was suggested to explain asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star abundances. Here we verify this idea quantitatively through exact MHD models. Starting with a simple two-dimensional (2D) geometry and in an inertia frame, we study plasma equilibria avoiding the complications of numerical simulations. We show that below the convective envelope of an AGB star, variable magnetic fields induce a natural expansion, permitted by the almost ideal MHD conditions, in which the radial velocity grows as the second power of the radius. We then study the convective envelope, where the complexity of macroturbulence allows only for a schematic analytical treatment. Here the radial velocity depends on the square root of the radius. We then verify the robustness of our results with 3D calculations for the velocity, showing that for both studied regions the solution previously found can be seen as a planar section of a more complex behavior, in which the average radial velocity retains the same dependency on the radius found in 2D. As a final check, we compare our results to approximate descriptions of buoyant magnetic structures. For realistic boundary conditions, the envelope crossing times are sufficient to disperse in the huge convective zone any material transported, suggesting magnetic advection as a promising mechanism for deep mixing. The mixing velocities are smaller than for convection but larger than for diffusion and adequate for extra mixing in red giants.
Semiparametric estimation of conditional quantiles for time series, with applications in finance

The estimation of conditional quantiles has become an increasingly important issue in insurance and financial risk management. The stylized facts of financial time series data has rendered direct applications of extreme value theory methodologies, in the estimation of extreme conditional quantiles, inappropriate. On the other hand, quantile regression based procedures work well in nonextreme parts of a given data but breaks down in extreme probability levels. In order to solve this problem, we combine nonparametric regressions for time series and extreme value theory approaches in the estimation of extreme conditional quantiles for financial time series. To do so, a class of time series models that is similar to nonparametric AR-(G)ARCH models but which does not depend on distributional and moments assumptions, is introduced. We discuss estimation procedures for the nonextreme levels using the models and consider the estimates obtained by inverting conditional distribution estimators and by direct estimation using Koenker-Basset (1978) version for kernels. Under some regularity conditions, the asymptotic normality and uniform convergence, with rates, of the conditional quantile estimator for strong mixing time series, are established. We study the estimation of scale function in the introduced models using similar procedures and show that under some regularity conditions, the scale estimate is weakly consistent and asymptotically normal. The application of introduced models in the estimation of extreme conditional quantiles is achieved by augmenting them with methods in extreme value theory. It is shown that the overal extreme conditional quantiles estimator is consistent. A Monte Carlo study is carried out to illustrate the good performance of the estimates and real data are used to demonstrate the estimation of Value-at-Risk and conditional expected shortfall in financial risk management and their multiperiod predictions discussed.
The Effect of Enviromental Uncertainty and Tax Avoidance: The Role of Managerial Ability in Emerging Country

Taxes play an essential role in state funding. As something that is not profitable for the company, it usually encourages efforts to reduce taxes by doing a tax avoidance. This study aims to determine the effect of environmental uncertainty on tax avoidance and to determine the managerial ability to weaken the effect of environmental uncertainty on tax avoidance. This study using SPSS, 458 samples used in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2016 – 2020. The results of this study indicate that environmental uncertainty affects tax avoidance and managerial ability strengthens the effect of environmental uncertainty on tax avoidance. The result may be due to the large influence of environmental uncertainty in the company so that the risks obtained are difficult for managers to overcome.
Auditory contributions to multisensory product perception

The sounds that are elicited when we touch or use many everyday objects typically convey potentially useful information regarding the nature of the stimuli with which we are interacting. Here we review the rapidly-growing literature demonstrating the influence of auditory cues (such as overall sound level and the spectral distribution of the sounds) on multisensory product perception. The results of a number of studies now show that the modulation of the auditory cues elicited by our contact or interaction with different surfaces (such as abrasive sandpapers or even our own skin) and products (including electric toothbrushes, aerosol sprays, food mixers, and cars) can dramatically change the way in which they are perceived, despite the fact that we are often unaware of the influence of such auditory cues on our perception. The auditory cues generated by products can also be modified in order to change people's perception of the quality/efficiency of those products. The principles of sound design have also been used recently to alter people's perception of a variety of foodstuffs. Findings such as these demonstrate the automatic and obligatory nature of multisensory integration, and show how the cues available in one sensory modality can modulate people's perception of stimuli in other sensory modalities (despite the fact that they may not be aware of the importance of such crossmodal influences). We also highlight evidence showing that auditory cues can influence product perception at a more semantic level, as demonstrated by research on signature sounds and emotional product sound design.
Studies on Physico-chemical Characteristics of Jamun (Syzygium cuminii Skeels) Beverages During Storage

Jamun (Syzygium cuminii Skeels) is native to India. Refreshing and curative properties of jamun make it one of the useful medicinal plants. With realization of its importance, demand for jamun products is on increase. Beverages like squash and carbonated drink were prepared from jamun fruits RTS and studied for their physico-chemical characteristics during storage. The storage period showed increasing trend in the characters viz., TSS, pH, acidity and reducing sugar, whereas it showed decreasing trend in non-reducing sugar, total sugar, anthocyanin and ascorbic acid content. Based on the overall findings of the study, all the beverages pasteurized at 75°C for 30 seconds and treated with 0.05% citric acid and 0.07% sodium benzoate were found to be acceptable up to 60 days of storage, maintaining physico-chemical and organoleptic characters of jamun an acceptable level.
Comparison of asymmetric stochastic volatility models under different correlation structures

ABSTRACT This paper conducts simulation-based comparison of several stochastic volatility models with leverage effects. Two new variants of asymmetric stochastic volatility models, which are subject to a logarithmic transformation on the squared asset returns, are proposed. The leverage effect is introduced into the model through correlation either between the innovations of the observation equation and the latent process, or between the logarithm of squared asset returns and the latent process. Suitable Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms are developed for parameter estimation and model comparison. Simulation results show that our proposed formulation of the leverage effect and the accompanying inference methods give rise to reasonable parameter estimates. Applications to two data sets uncover a negative correlation (which can be interpreted as a leverage effect) between the observed returns and volatilities, and a negative correlation between the logarithm of squared returns and volatilities.
Assessment of the psychological impact of dental aesthetics among undergraduate university students in Iraq

AIM: This study aimed to assess Iraqi university students’ oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) according to sociodemographic variables and compare dental and non-dental students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out for students in multiple Iraqi universities from June 15, 2022, to July 15, 2022. A total of 771 individuals participated in the study using an online questionnaire. A pre-tested and validated Arabic version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) was adopted as an evaluation tool. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Reliability analysis was conducted using Cronbach's alpha. RESULT: Cronbach's alpha score for the overall scales was 0.942, indicating excellent internal consistency. There were 69.8% (n = 538) dental students in the total sample. A significant difference was found between dental and non-dental students in the total PIDAQ scores and other subscale domains (P < 0.05). Statistically significant differences in means were also noted in the residency (P = 0.005) and household income of students (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the reliability of the PIDAQ scale for assessing the psychological impact of dental aesthetics on undergraduate Iraqis. It was found that the perception of OHRQoL varies between dental and non-dental university students, and according to socioeconomic status and residency.
Circadian variation in hematotoxicity of the antineoplastic agent “5 Fluorouracil (5 FU)” in female rats and its relevance to chronotherapy

ABSTRACT 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antineoplastic drug. Although 5-FU is effective in targeting cancer cells, it also affects healthy cells, which can lead to clear haematological toxicity. The present study aimed to determine whether the haematological toxicity of 5-FU varies over a 24-hour period. Female rats were synchronised to a 12/12 light-dark (L/D) cycle. Rats were injected with 300 mg/kg 5-FU at six different circadian stages (1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 Zeitgebers (ZT)). The maximum rhythmic alteration was observed when 5-FU was administered at 5-ZT, while the minimum was observed at 21-ZT. These results suggest that the haematological toxicity of 5-FU is maximal when administered in the middle of the light-rest phase, while the haematological tolerance is optimal when 5-FU is administered at the end of the dark phase in rats, which corresponds to the end of the daytime activity phase in human patients.
Empathy Levels in Medical Students: A Single Center Study

Objectives To determine the level of empathy in medical students and to determine the difference in empathy levels between the two genders in a single center. Materials & methods This qualitative study was conducted at a medical college in Peshawar from March 2021 to July 2021. Institutional ethical committee approval was taken (RMI/RMI-REC/Approval/83) before commencing the study. All students admitted into the medical college in the current academic year 2020 to 2021 were included in the study. Any students that did not fill out the questionnaire completely were excluded. The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) was used in this study. The questionnaire was uploaded on google forms for data collection. All the resulting scores were entered into IBM SPSS version 23.0. The mean TEQ score was calculated. Box and whisker plots were made for respective years. An Independent sample t-test was used to determine the association between mean TEQ scores and gender. Results Of 367 students, 347 (94.6%) participated in this study, with a slight female predominance (53%). The mean age of the students was 21.44 (SD = 1.751) years. The participation rate was ≥70% from each class. Most participants across the years have an above-average empathy score (49.9%). Among the participants, the year I (67.6%) showed most participants with high empathy. Year IV (40.6%) has the highest proportion of below-average empathy scores. The mean empathy score of female students was 49.08 (S.D = 7.588), while the empathy score for male students was 44.59 (S.D = 7.58). Conclusion Empathy levels decline as medical education is progressed through the years. Females show a greater sense of empathy than their male counterparts. A slight increase in empathy levels is seen in the final year of medical school after a decline over the initial years.
A dynamical convolutional neural network–based adaptive observer for information-poor systems

The objective of this paper is to propose a novel self-learning observer for effectively estimating unmeasured states of a dynamical information-poor system. By inspiring the success of convolutional neural network (CNN) in image and voice recognition applications, the dynamical convolutional neural network (DCNN) architecture (which is nonlinear-in-parameter unlike traditional basis functions–based neural network or fuzzy logic architectures) is proposed for approximating the unknown system dynamics, uncertainties, and disturbances. Instead of using an output observation error filtering method, complex weight-updating mechanism, strictly positive real (SPR) assumption, offline-tuning mechanisms, static approximation of gradients in back-propagation algorithm, or any other strong or strict requirement, the simple yet effective and novel rules for tuning DCNN weights and kernels are derived. Furthermore, the problems such as parameters over-tuning and unnecessary consumption of large amounts of computational power commonly found in traditional neuro-adaptive and fuzzy-adaptive controllers/observers are addressed and their solution is incorporated in the design of the observer. Thus, the proposed DCNN-based adaptive observer is energy-efficient. A quadratic function based on the convolution operator is also proposed which is utilized to provide the closed-loop stability analysis using Lyapunov’s approach. An example is simulated to demonstrate the performance of the proposed observer.
Probing the Hot QCD Matter via Quarkonia at the Next-Generation Heavy-Ion Experiment at LHC

Quarkonia represent one of the most valuable probes of the deconfined quark–gluon hot medium since the very first experimental studies with ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. A significant step forward in characterizing the QCD matter via systematic studies of quarkonia production will be performed by the next-generation heavy-ion experiment ALICE 3, a successor of the ongoing ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The new advanced detector of ALICE 3 will allow for exploring the production of S- and P-state quarkonia at high statistics, at low and moderate transverse momenta ranges. The performance of ALICE 3 for quarkonia measurements and the requirements for the detectors are discussed.
Propagation of elastic waves in nanostructures

This paper presents the study of propagation of elastic waves in nanostructures using continuum approximation. The wave propagation characteristics in both 1-D and 2-D nanostructures, namely the carbon nanotubes and Graphene are studied in this paper. In particular, the use of various gradient elasticity theories, namely the Eringen’s Stress gradient theory, the second and fourth order strain gradient theories, that brings in atomistic length scale parameters into the continuum governing equations, is used in this paper to study the wave propagation characteristics in the nanostructures. Using these non-local theories, wave propagation in Single and Multi-wall carbon tubes and monolayer Graphene structures are studied. A number of examples are presented that brings out the essential wave propagation features such as escape frequency, cut-off frequencies, phase speeds and group speeds in these structures.