Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sports-specific metacognitions: associations with flow state in triathletes

ABSTRACT Objectives This study investigated associations between triathletes’ sports-specific metacognitive beliefs, metacognitive processes measured prior to a triathlon (n = 193), and in-event flow measured post event (n = 76). Method The Metacognitive questionnaires were administered to triathletes one day prior to the event, and the flow scale was administered just following the event. Bivariate correlations were used to test relationships with individual flow dimensions, while stepwise regressions were used to determine the strongest metacognitive predictors of meta processes and flow. Results Correlations indicated that metacognitive beliefs were negatively associated with various specific dimensions of flow (Cohen’s f2 = .28), while metacognitive processes positively associated with flow dimensions (Cohen’s f 2 = .49). Stepwise regressions revealed that specific metacognitive beliefs were negatively associated with metacognitive processes during competition (Cohen’s f2 = .08 to .49), including the coordination, evaluation and control of cognition. Further regressions demonstrated that negative beliefs about competitive thinking, thought control, and cognitive coordination predicted experience of flow during competition. Conclusions Overall, this study demonstrated that sports specific metacognitive beliefs and processes may influence the regulation of flow during a competition, however, further research using longitudinal and qualitative methodologies is required to understand the relationships further KEY POINTS (1)Flow state has been well established as mental state for optimal performance. (2)Manifesting flow requires effective self-regulation of attention and cognition. (3)Metacognitions have shown to influence attention and flow in athletes. (4)Sports-specific metacognitions were associated with various dimensions of flow state. (5)Sports-specific metacognitive beliefs predicted self-regulatory ability prior to performances. (6)Sports-specific metacognitions predicted the experience of flow during performances.
The role of Prolactin/Prolactin Receptor polymorphisms and expression in breast cancer susceptibility and outcome

Background Prolactin (PRL) is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary to stimulate growth and differentiation of the normal mammary gland. Together with its receptor, prolactin receptor (PRLR) have been shown to play a role in breast cancer. This study aimed to examine the roles of PRL and PRLR polymorphisms and expression in breast cancer risk and aggressiveness in Thai patients. Methods PRL (rs3756824 C/G and rs2244502 T/A) and PRLR (rs37364 G/T and rs249537 A/G) polymorphisms were genotyped by real-time PCR and PRLR expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in breast cancer tissues. The correlations between PRL and PRLR polymorphisms and breast cancer susceptibility/aggressiveness as well as the associations between PRLR expression and clinicopathological parameters were determined. Results Two hundred and twenty-seven breast cancer patients and 119 matched controls were recruited at the Division of Head Neck and Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Thailand from 2010–2014. PRL and PRLR polymorphisms were not correlated with breast cancer susceptibility and there was no association between PRLR polymorphisms and PRLR expression. PRLR was frequently overexpressed in breast cancer with positive hormone receptors. High expression of PRLR was significantly related to the presence of axillary nodal metastasis and lymphovascular invasion and showed a trend towards poorer outcome. Conclusions There was a correlation between high PRLR expression and aggressive features of breast cancer. PRLR expression might be utilized as a prognostic factor for identification of luminal breast cancer with poorer outcome.
Data Mining Nitrogen-Responsive Gene Expression for Source–Sink Relations and Indicators of N Status in Potato

Potato tuber yields depend on nitrogen (N) supply, which affects source–sink relations. Transcriptome sequencing of the foliar source using a single field trial identified gene expression responsive to 180 kg N ha−1. The expression of N-responsive genes was further analyzed in the next stage using a NanoString nCounter over an expanded number of foliar samples from seven field trials with varying N rates, sites, and cultivars. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression models of gene expression predictive of yield, total plant N uptake, and tuber-specific gravity (proxy for dry matter) were built. Genes in the LASSO model for yield were associated with source–sink partitioning. A key gene regulating tuberization and senescence, StSP6A Flowering locus T, was found in the LASSO model predicting tuber yield, but not the other models. An aminotransferase involved in photorespiratory N assimilation and amino acid biosynthesis was found in all LASSO models. Other genes functioning in amino acid biosynthesis and integration of sulfur (S) and N metabolism were also found in the yield prediction model. The study provides insights on N responses in foliage of potato plants that affect source–sink partitioning. Additionally, N-responsive genes predictive of yield are candidate indicators of N status.
Energy Harvesting by Waste Acid/Base Neutralization via Bipolar Membrane Reverse Electrodialysis

Bipolar Membrane Reverse Electrodialysis (BMRED) can be used to produce electricity exploiting acid-base neutralization, thus representing a valuable route in reusing waste streams. The present work investigates the performance of a lab-scale BMRED module under several operating conditions. By feeding the stack with 1 M HCl and NaOH streams, a maximum power density of ~17 W m−2 was obtained at 100 A m−2 with a 10-triplet stack with a flow velocity of 1 cm s−1, while an energy density of ~10 kWh m−3 acid could be extracted by a complete neutralization. Parasitic currents along feed and drain manifolds significantly affected the performance of the stack when equipped with a higher number of triplets. The apparent permselectivity at 1 M acid and base decreased from 93% with the five-triplet stack to 54% with the 38-triplet stack, which exhibited lower values (~35% less) of power density. An important role may be played also by the presence of NaCl in the acidic and alkaline solutions. With a low number of triplets, the added salt had almost negligible effects. However, with a higher number of triplets it led to a reduction of 23.4–45.7% in power density. The risk of membrane delamination is another aspect that can limit the process performance. However, overall, the present results highlight the high potential of BMRED systems as a productive way of neutralizing waste solutions for energy harvesting.
Understanding (and tackling) need satisfier escalation

Abstract Contemporary consumption patterns, embedded in profit-maximizing economic systems, are driving a worsening socio-ecological crisis, in particular through the escalating production and consumption of goods with high material and/or energy intensity. Establishing minimum and maximum standards of consumption (or “consumption corridors”) has been suggested as a way to address this crisis. Consumption corridors provide the normative basis for sustainable consumption, that is, enough consumption for individuals to satisfy needs, but not too much to collectively surpass environmental limits. Current consumption patterns (especially in the global North) do not yet fall within consumption corridors, and standards are not fixed over time. Consumption is socially constructed and can escalate due to socio-economic, technological, or infrastructural influences. In this article, we propose a framework to understand such escalating trends. This approach can be used as a tool for comprehending how consumption evolves over time, as well as for identifying the most effective leverage points to intervene and prevent escalation from happening in the first place. We build on theories of human-need satisfaction and combine these conceptual understandings with insights from research on socio-technical provisioning systems, sociological approaches to consumption, and perspectives on infrastructure lock-in. We illustrate our framework by systemically considering escalation for a specific technological product – the private car.
COVID-19 in China: From epidemiology to treatment (Review)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It first became prevalent in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019. COVID-19 was initially characterized by pneumonia of unknown etiology, accompanied by fever, dry cough and fatigue. Due to its highly infectious nature it rapidly led to widespread human infection, causing 80,924 confirmed cases and 3,140 mortalities in mainland China as of March 9, 2020. The present review highlights the prevalence of COVID-19 in China, the etiology, pathology, clinical presentation, laboratory and chest imaging tests, and treatment of this disease.
Nedd4 E3 ligase and beta-arrestins regulate ubiquitination, trafficking, and stability of the mGlu7 receptor

The metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGlu7) is a class C G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that modulates excitatory neurotransmitter release at the presynaptic active zone. Although post-translational modification of cellular proteins with ubiquitin is a key molecular mechanism governing protein degradation and function, mGlu7 ubiquitination and its functional consequences have not been elucidated yet. Here, we report that Nedd4 ubiquitin E3 ligase and β-arrestins regulate ubiquitination of mGlu7 in heterologous cells and neurons. Upon agonist-stimulation, β-arrestins recruit Nedd4 to mGlu7 and facilitate Nedd4-mediated ubiquitination of mGlu7. Nedd4 and β-arrestins regulate constitutive and agonist-induced endocytosis of mGlu7 and are required for mGlu7-dependent MAPK signaling in neurons. In addition, Nedd4-mediated ubiquitination results in the degradation of mGlu7 by both the lysosomal and proteasomal degradation pathways. These findings provide a model in which Nedd4 and β-arrestin act together as a complex to regulate mGlu7 surface expression and function at the presynaptic terminals.
How Does El Niño–Southern Oscillation Change Under Global Warming—A First Look at CMIP6

The latest generation of coupled models, the sixth Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), is used to study the changes in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in a warming climate. For the four future scenarios studied, the sea surface temperature variability increases in most CMIP6 models, but to varying degrees. This increase is linked to a weakening of the east‐west temperature gradient in the tropical Pacific Ocean, which is evident across all models. Just as in previous generations of climate models, we find that many characteristics of future ENSO remain uncertain. This includes changes in dominant time scale, extratropical teleconnection patterns, and amplitude of El Niño and La Niña events. For models with the strongest increase in future variability, the majority of the increase happens in the Eastern Pacific, where the strongest El Niño events usually occur.
Dietary Effect of Squalene on Lipid Metabolism of Obese/Diabetes KK- A y Mice and Wild-Type C57BL/6J Mice

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of squalene (SQ) on plasma and hepatic lipid levels of obese/diabetic KK-Ay mice and wild-type C57BL/6J mice. SQ supplementation significantly increased the HDL cholesterol of KK-Ay mice, which was paralleled with no significant difference in the total and non-HDL cholesterol levels. The increase in HDL cholesterol was also found in the plasma of normal C57BL/6J mice, but the difference was not significant. SQ administration significantly increased neutral lipids (NL) in the liver of KK-Ay mice, while no significant difference was observed in the polar lipids and the total cholesterol levels. The increase in NL was primarily due to the increase in TAG. However, the cholesterol level significantly increased due to SQ intake in the liver of C57BL/6J mice, while no significant difference was found in other lipid levels. The present study suggests that SQ may effectively increase HDL cholesterol level, an important anti-atherosclerotic factor, especially in subjects with metabolic disorders.
Haematological and biochemical parameters of clinically dehydrated and euhydrated dogs

Dehydration results in alterations in haematological and biochemical parameters of dogs. The aim of this study was to determine the haematological and biochemical parameters of clinically dehydrated and euhydrated dogs. A total of 109 samples obtained from different breeds of dogs were used for this study. The degrees/grades of dehydration of each dog were recorded and the dogs were grouped as follows based on their degrees of dehydration: A; euhydrated, B; mildly dehydrated, C; moderately dehydrated and D; severely dehydrated. Whole blood was collected via cephalic venipuncture for complete blood counts. The concentrations of urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, glucose, sodium, calcium, chloride, phosphorus, potassium, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio and anion gap (AG) as well as serum activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were determined using serum prepared from whole blood. Urinalysis was done using fresh urine sample. Significantly higher packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration (Hb) (P 0.05) were reported in C and D. The concentrations of urea, creatinine, BUN/creatinine ratio, total protein, albumin and urine specific gravity were significantly higher (P 0.05). It was concluded from this study that: the relative increases in PCV and Hb concentration observed in B was due to haemoconcentration (dehydration), the reported anaemia in C and D were in existence with certain degrees of dehydration and that the increases in serum urea, creatinine, total protein and albumin concentrations were consistent biochemical indicators of dehydration in dogs. Keywords: Biochemical, Dehydrated, Dog, Euhydrated, Haematological
Corrosion of Cast Aluminum Alloys: A Review

Research on corrosion resistance of cast aluminum alloys is reviewed in this article. The effect of the main microstructural features of cast aluminum alloys such as secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS), eutectic silicon morphology, grain size, macrosegregation, microsegregation, and intermetallic compounds is discussed. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of cast aluminum alloys obtained by modern manufacturing processes such as semi-solid and additive manufacturing are analyzed. Finally, the protective effects provided by different coatings on the aluminum cast alloys—such as anodized, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), and laser—is reviewed. Some conclusions and future guidelines for future works are proposed.
Magnetic Properties of Ferritchromite and Cr‐Magnetite and Monitoring of Cr‐Spinels Alteration in Ultramafic and Mafic Rocks

Spinel is a ubiquitous mineral in mafic/ultramafic rocks. Spinel cores chemistry is extensively used as a petrogenetic proxy while their alteration phases, ferritchromite, and Cr‐magnetite, are used as metamorphic grade indicators. However, the magnetic properties and composition of these phases are still ill‐defined and no consensus exists concerning the metamorphic conditions involved in their formation. Here, we use the magnetic properties of these Cr‐spinel alteration phases, via field‐dependent parameters and observations with a magnetic microscope coupled with mineral chemistry and Mössbauer spectroscopy, to better constrain their composition. We identify Cr‐magnetite by a Curie point of ca. 520°C. We show that it is characterized by an n between 0.1 and 0.2 in the Fe‐Cr spinel formula [Fe2+(Fe1−nCrn)2O4], which corresponds to 6–13 wt. % of Cr2O3. The abundance of Cr‐magnetite indicates a strong alteration of Cr‐spinels that could reflect a significant hydrothermal activity rather than a high metamorphism grade. Normalized variation curves of the magnetic susceptibility during heating allow a relative quantification of the contributions of different magnetic phases to the magnetic susceptibility. This highlights a link between ferritchromite destabilization into maghemite at ca. 130°C followed by the destabilization of this maghemite starting at 300°C. We identify specific covariation trends between these two magnetic species characterizing different alteration processes. This study opens the door to magnetic monitoring of the Cr‐spinel alteration state in mafic and ultramafic rocks. It constitutes a new, fast, and weakly destructive way to study the petrological history of both terrestrial and extraterrestrial rocks.
Neural ensemble dynamics in dorsal motor cortex during speech in people with paralysis

Speaking is a sensorimotor behavior whose neural basis is difficult to study with single neuron resolution due to the scarcity of human intracortical measurements. We used electrode arrays to record from the motor cortex ‘hand knob’ in two people with tetraplegia, an area not previously implicated in speech. Neurons modulated during speaking and during non-speaking movements of the tongue, lips, and jaw. This challenges whether the conventional model of a ‘motor homunculus’ division by major body regions extends to the single-neuron scale. Spoken words and syllables could be decoded from single trials, demonstrating the potential of intracortical recordings for brain-computer interfaces to restore speech. Two neural population dynamics features previously reported for arm movements were also present during speaking: a component that was mostly invariant across initiating different words, followed by rotatory dynamics during speaking. This suggests that common neural dynamical motifs may underlie movement of arm and speech articulators.
A double pressure to perform? Pupils talk about grades and parents in a multicultural school setting in Sweden

ABSTRACT The aim is to contribute knowledge about the ways in which Swedish pupils with a migrant background speak about school performances and their first experiences of being graded. The results describe pupils and parents as positioned as being lower down in a top-down relationship vis-à-vis school. The separation between home and school is best described as robust. Some pupils want and ask for a better school-home relationship because they think it would harmonise the relationship with their parents and facilitate their school work. The main conclusion is that pupils find themselves in a vulnerable position between schools’/teachers’ demands and parents’ aspirations for them.
Standing on giant shoulders: a personal recollection of the lives and achievements of eminent animal scientists 1965–2015

This article is a compilation of pieces that are part biographical sketches and part personal recollections of 18 scientists with whom the author was acquainted in three continents over almost 50 years. The subjects, from Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom, will be recognisable to many in the field, especially more experienced scientists. For younger scientists, the article also is intended to put a human face on a generation of famous researchers who otherwise would be familiar only as somewhat anonymous authors of classic papers and reviews.
Where Renewable Energy Sources Funds are Invested? Spatial Analysis of Energy Production Potential and Public Support

Energy transition in the European Union (EU) is strongly related to public support from structural funds which enable member states to create new and renovate existing renewable energy source (RES) installations. However, in order to maximize benefits of these investments it is crucial to consider where RES funds are allocated, how it corresponds with RES potential in specific locations, and how future implementation of energy policies can be improved. In this study, RES development projects supported by EU funds, implemented in the period 2004–2019 in Poland, were analyzed in relation to solar, wind and biomass energy potential. The study was conducted with the use of agglomeration method and k-mean method to define clusters of local administrative units characterized by similar features of RES funds absorption and renewable energy production potential. The results obtained show that in the case of all energy sources there is no correlation between high RES funds absorption and energy production potential. The final conclusion of the research is that in order to boost energy transformation into more sustainable solutions, renewable energy production potential should be considered as a factor to allocate public financial support for future energy policy implementation.
Condensed matter astrophysics: constraints and questions on the early development of the Solar System

We discuss the following fundamental problems of early Solar System history. (i) Fine chronology, using long–lived U–Pb as well as the different extinct radionuclides. (ii) The nature of the solid material from which the planets were made. (iii) The immediate prehistory of the formation of the Solar System including the question of a possible supernova trigger. (iv) The origin of anomalies in oxygen isotopes. In each case, an effort has been made to distinguish what we know from what we need to learn.
“For Me, This Has Been Transforming”: A Qualitative Analysis of Interprofessional Relationship-Centered Communication Skills Training

In 2018, Yale Medicine (YM)—an academic multispecialty practice—and Yale New Haven Health System (YNHH), partnered with the Academy of Communication in Healthcare to develop a one-day interprofessional workshop to introduce relationship-centered communication skills to all of their nurses and physicians. Relationship-centered communication skills include showing positive regard, listening actively and expressing empathy and have been demonstrated to improve patient outcomes. A professionally diverse group of 12 nurses and physicians, committed to improving patient experiences, were purposefully selected for training to teach the workshop. Individual interviews with trainers 3 months post training revealed themes reflecting the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and organizational impact of participation in the Train-the-Trainer program. At the intrapersonal level, training contributed to personal growth, skillfulness, and confidence. At the interpersonal level, it expanded and strengthened professional networks. As an organizational catalyst, training transformed the work experience among nurse and physician trainers, thereby supporting YM/YNHH’s vision to provide interprofessional relationship-centered care. Results suggest that trainer training had additional benefits beyond learning to deliver the workshop, including improving the quality of trainers’ personal and professional relationships, and enhancing organizational efficiency and interprofessionalism.