Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Dasatinib in Patients with Chronic-Phase Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia with Resistance or Intolerance to Imatinib: 2-Year Follow-Up Data from START-C (CA180-013).

Dasatinib (SPRYCEL®) is 325-fold more potent than imatinib against BCR-ABL in vitro and binds to BCR-ABL in both the inactive and active, oncogenic conformations. Dasatinib has been shown to be an effective treatment option for patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CP-CML). Here we report the extended follow-up of START-C, a 75-center, international study of dasatinib in 387 patients with CP-CML with resistance (n=288) or intolerance (n=99) to imatinib. Recruitment took place from February to July 2005. Dasatinib was administered on a 70-mg BID regimen; dose escalation (90 mg BID) or reduction (50 or 40 mg BID) were allowed for lack of response or toxicity, respectively. Median time from diagnosis of CML was 61 mo (range 32–50). Prior therapy included interferon-α in 65% of patients and stem-cell transplantation in 10%; 55% had received prior imatinib doses >600 mg and 53% treatment with imatinib for >3 years. Best response to prior imatinib therapy was complete hematologic response (CHR) in 82%, and complete (CCyR) and partial cytogenetic response (PCyR) in 19% and 18%, respectively. With a median follow-up of 15.2 mo, CHR was attained in 91% of patients (95% CI 87–93%), major cytogenetic response (MCyR) in 59% (95% CI 54–64%) (52% imatinib-resistant, 80% imatinib-intolerant), and CCyR in 49% (40% imatinib-resistant; 75% imatinib-intolerant). For patients with no prior MCyR to imatinib, 42% achieved a MCyR with dasatinib. A MCyR rate of 59% was recorded for patients with baseline BCR-ABL mutations; responses were seen across all mutations with the exception of T315I. MCyRs were durable, with only 7 of the 230 patients who had achieved a MCyR with dasatinib losing this response. Major molecular response rate (ie, a BCR-ABL/ABL ratio of <0.1% according to the international scale by RQ-PCR) at 12 mo was 25%. Progression-free survival at 15 mo was 90% while overall survival was 96%. Dose interruptions were required for 87% of patients and dose reduction for 73%; the average daily dose administered was 101 mg (range 11–171). Reports of grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were documented for 48% and 49% of patients, respectively. Non-hematologic toxicity consisted primarily of diarrhea (37%), headache (32%), fatigue (31%), and dyspnea (30%). Pleural effusion was experienced by 27% of patients; this was categorised as grade 1–2 in 21% and grade 3–4 in 6%. Dasatinib-induced cytogenetic responses remain durable in patients with CP-CML resistant or intolerant to imatinib. Updated analyses corresponding to a minimum follow-up of 2 years on all patients will be presented.
Community perception of malaria and its influence on health -seeking behaviour in rural Ghana: a descriptive study

-Nankana� district� in� the� Upper� East� Region� of� Ghana. � A� total� of� 120� respondents� were� included� in� the� study� through� a� systematic� random� sampling� procedure� of� households. � The� head� of� a� household� or� his/her� partner� was� interviewed� using� a� structured� questionnaire. Results. � The� majority� (65%)� of� respondents� had� awareness� about� malaria� and� linked� it� to� mosquito� bites. � They� had� knowledge� about� malaria� through� health� workers� including� health� professionals� from� the� Navrongo� Health� Research� Centre� (NHRC)� (83.3%),� radio� (7.3%),� television� (5.8%),� friends� (1.7%)� or� newspapers� (0.8%). � The� results� also� showed� that� people� incorporated� traditional� and� modern� elements� into� their� concept� of� the� disease� and� treatment� strategies. � Conclusions. � Perceptions� and� health -seeking� behaviour� are� critical� to� the� success� and� sustainability� of� malaria� management� and� control. � Understanding� local� concepts� of� illness� and� their� influence� on� health� care -seeking� behaviour� can� complement� existing� knowledge� to� help� develop� more� effective� malaria� control� interventions� in� these� communities. �
Commonalities and differences in the Oxidative Phosphorylation of Mitochondria and Neuronal Membranes

Mitochondria are considered the exclusive site of aerobic metabolism. However, in recent years, the functional expression of the oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) machinery has been reported in several other membranous structures, including the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, myelin sheath and disks of rod outer segments. Thus, to underline commonalities and differences between extra-mitochondrial and mitochondrial aerobic metabolism, we characterized the aerobic ATP synthesis in isolated myelin sheath (IM) and rod outer segment (OS) disks, using mitochondria-enriched fractions, as a positive control. Oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis were evaluated in the presence of conventional (pyruvate + malate or succinate) and unconventional (NADH) substrates. ATP synthesis was also assayed in the presence of 10-100 µM ATP in the assay medium. Data show that IM and OS disks consumed oxygen and synthesized ATP both in the presence of conventional and unconventional respiratory substrates, while the mitochondria-enriched fraction did not utilize NADH. Only in mitochondria, ATP synthesis was progressively lost in the presence of increasing ATP concentrations. Conversely, only myelin sheath and rod OS disks produced ATP at a later time or after the removal of respiratory substrates, reflecting their ability to accumulate energy and this opens up exciting perspectives in the study of sleep. Thus, these data suggest that the extramitochondrial OxPhos in IM and rod OS displays a different behavior concerning the classic mitochondrial aerobic metabolism, representing a possible basic molecular process involved in the physiology of the nervous system. Significance Statement Mitochondria are considered the cell powerhouse, being the site of the oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), which produces the major part of cellular chemical energy by oxygen consumption. However, proteomics, microscopy, and biochemical analyses have described the ectopic functional expression of the OxPhos machinery also in other membranous structures, such as isolated myelin (IM) and rod outer segments (OS). The results reported in this work shows that, although the proteins involved in IM and rod OS OxPhos appear the same expressed in mitochondria, the comparison of mitochondrial and extramitochondrial OxPhos display some differences, opening a new scenario about the energy metabolism modulation. Graphical Abstract
Atomic Data Needs in Astrophysics: The Galactic Center “Scandium Mystery”

Investigating the Galactic center offers unique insights into the buildup and history of our Galaxy and is a stepping stone to understand galaxies in a larger context. It is reasonable to expect that the stars found in the Galactic center might have a different composition compared to stars found in the local neighborhood around the Sun. It is therefore quite exciting when recently there were reports of unusual neutral scandium, yttrium, and vanadium abundances found in the Galactic center stars, compared to local neighborhood stars. To explain the scandium abundances in the Galactic center, we turn to recent laboratory measurements and theoretical calculations done on the atomic oscillator strengths of neutral scandium lines in the near infrared. We combine these with measurements of the hyper fine splitting of neutral scandium. We show how these results can be used to explain the reported unusual scandium abundances and conclude that in this respect, the environment of the Galactic center is not that different from the environment in the local neighborhood around the sun.
Design of Ultrathin InP Solar Cell Using Carrier Selective Contacts

Most recently, III–V based ultrathin solar cells have attracted considerable attention for their inherent advantages, such as increased tolerance to defect recombination, efficient charge carrier separation, photon recycling, flexibility, and reduced material consumption. However, so far, almost all reported devices make use of conventional doped p-i-n kind of structures with a wide-bandgap III–V lattice-matched epitaxial window layer, for passivation and reduced contact recombination. Here, we show that a high-efficiency device can be obtained utilizing an InP thin film of thickness as low as 280 nm, without the requirement of a conventional p-n homojunction or epitaxial window layer. This is achieved by utilizing a wide-bandgap electron and hole selective contacts for electrons and holes transport, respectively. Under ideal conditions [assuming interface recombination velocity (IRV) = 103 cm/s and bulk lifetime = 1 μs], the proposed solar cell structure can achieve efficiency as high as 28%. Although, in the presence of bulk and interface Shockley–Read–Hall recombination, the efficiency reduces, still for bulk minority carrier lifetime as low as 2 ns and an IRV as high as 105 cm/s, an efficiency of ∼22% can be achieved with InP thickness as low as 280 nm. The proposed device structure will be beneficial in cases where the growth of controlled p-n homojunction and window layer can be tedious as in case of low-cost deposition techniques, such as thin-film vapour–liquid–solid and close-spaced vapour transport.
Brief communication: Time step dependence (and fixes) in Stokes
simulations of calving ice shelves

The buoyancy boundary condition applied to floating portions of ice sheets and glaciers in Stokes models requires special consideration when the glacier rapidly departs from hydrostatic equilibrium. This boundary condition can manifest in velocity fields that are unphysically (and strongly) dependent on time step size, thereby contaminating diagnostic stress fields. This can be especially problematic for models of calving glaciers, where rapid changes in geometry cause configurations that suddenly depart from hydrostatic equilibrium and lead to inaccurate estimates of the stress field. Here we show that the unphysical behavior can be cured with minimal computational cost by reintroducing a regularization that corresponds to the acceleration term in the stress balance. This regularization provides consistent velocity solutions for all time step sizes.
Influence of fault roughness on surface displacement: from numerical simulations to coseismic slip distributions

Field studies have characterized natural faults as rough, non-planar surfaces at all scales. Fault roughness induces local stress perturbations during slip, which dramatically affect rupture behaviour, resulting in slip heterogeneity. However, the relation between fault roughness and slip heterogeneity remains a key knowledge gap between current numerical and field studies. In this study, we analyse numerical simulations of earthquake rupture to determine how roughness influences final slip. Using a rupture catalogue containing thousands of dynamic rupture simulations on band-limited self-similar fractal fault profiles with varying roughness and background shear stress levels, we quantify how fault roughness affects the spectral characteristics of the resulting slip distribution. We find that slip distributions become increasingly more self-affine, that is, containing more short wavelength fluctuations as compared to the self-similar fault profiles, as roughness increases. We also find that, at very short wavelengths (<1 km), the fractal dimension of the slip distributions dramatically changes with increasing roughness, background shear stress, and rupture speed (sub-Rayleigh versus supershear). The existence of a critical wavelength around 1 km, under which more short wavelengths are either preserved or created, suggests the role of rupture process and dynamic effects, together with fault geometry, in controlling the final slip distributions. The same spectral analysis is performed on high-resolution coseismic surface slip distributions from a catalogue of real strike-slip earthquakes. Compared to numerical simulations, all earthquakes feature slip distributions that are much more self-affine than the slip distributions from numerical simulations. A different critical wavelength, here around 5–6 km, appears, potentially informing about a critical asperity length. While we show here that the relation between fault roughness and slip is much more complex than expected, this study is a first attempt at using statistical analyses of numerical simulations on rough faults to investigate observed coseismic slip distributions.
Analisis Kebutuhan Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Cartoon dalam Pembelajaran IPA pada Materi Lingkungan Kelas III SD

Abstract. The implementation of the industrial revolution 4.0 policy had a significant impact on the achievement of several strategic fields to support government programs in advancing Indonesia primarily in the field of Education as a basis in science and supporting the technological development process in the field of Education. The 4.0 industrial revolution policy in the field of Education is used to be able to maximize learning media in supporting the learning process so that it gives an impact on the understanding of the murky and is mainly able to implement the knowledge in daily life. The use of cartoon media in the learning process is a form of progress in the field of Education, cartoon media is used as a medium in the learning process to provide interest to the murmur of elementary schools to easily understand the information conveyed through cartoon shows as a learning media in science learning, especially in discussions environment. The impact of the use of cartoon as a learning medium for elementary school students has a pretty good impact on understanding how to protect the environment, so the results of this study directly have a positive impact on the development of elementary school students thinking about the environment and ways to preserve the environment in learning Science. Keywords: learning media, cartoon, environment
Key Audit Matters for Production-To-Order Industry and Conservatism

In this study, the effects of key audit matters (KAMs), one of the measures recently introduced to improve accounting transparency in the production-to-order industry in terms of corporate sustainability, are examined. After the introduction of KAMs, auditors should publicly disclose key audit matters that had been internally judged in the past. In cases where these are missing or misunderstood, the range of the auditor’s liability may increase. Thus, from the viewpoint of the auditor, the description of KAMs can be recognized as the disclosure of internal judgments and an increase in the risk of litigation. It is judged that, to this end, auditors will perform their auditing work more conservatively in cases where they should describe KAMs. The results of analysis of companies to which KAMs are applied indicate that auditors carried out audits more conservatively for such companies. As such, the result can be interpreted as indicating that, due to the introduction of KAMs, auditors evaluate their risk highly and carry out audits more conservatively in order to reduce the risk. This study is meaningful in that it empirically analyzes the effects of the introduction of the recently implemented KAMs. In addition, this study provides implications for enterprises that prepare financial statements, supervisory institutions that conduct supervision, auditors, and capital market participants, as it presents the finding that, with the introduction of KAMs, auditors perform their work with more conservative perspectives. In addition, the findings of this study provide a basis for future studies on KAMs.
Australia's National Electricity Market after Twenty Years

The Hilmer reforms served electricity consumers well over the first post‐reform decade. However, three key issues emerged from the mid‐2000s: (i) a significant and largely unnecessary rise in network expenditures; (ii) emissions policy discontinuity; and (iii) a large increase in wholesale prices due to rising fuel prices and the sudden exit of generators. The consequence was a doubling in retail prices. Deficiencies in cost‐recovery mechanisms have meant price increases have disproportionately affected low‐income households. We propose three key reforms as rectification: (i) integrating emissions reduction and energy policies; (ii) boosting network capacity utilisation; and (iii) improving cost recovery mechanisms.
The Influence of Protein Concentration and Homogenization on Moisture Content, Curd Yield, and Fat Retention of Model Cheese Made from Microfiltered Skim Milk Recombined with Cream

Influence of Protein Concentration and Homogenization on Moisture Content, Curd Yield, and Fat Retention of Model Cheese made from Microfiltered Skim Milk Recombined with Cream by Richard B. Geslison, Master of Science Utah State University, 2020 Major Professor: Dr. Donald J. McMahon Department: Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences In the US, cheese production efficiency is commonly improved through the use of UF (ultrafiltration), which is a pressure-driven membrane separation technique to concentrate caseins– the key component of cheese – to about 3.5% in fluid milk. Microfiltration (MF) concentration is an attractive alternative to UF because of the potential to collect milk serum proteins (whey protein) from milk rather than from cheese run off. This research investigated the use of highly concentrated MF retentates with 3 different casein concentrations to make cheese curds and the resulting effects on curd moisture, curd yield, and fat retention. Micellar casein concentrate (MF concentrated skim milk) was mixed with cream and UF permeate to obtain recombined concentrated milks (RCM) of 3.5%, 7%, and 10.5% casein with casein to fat (C/F) ratios of 0.60-0.75. These RCMs were then used in a cheese making model specifically modified for this research. Glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) and rennet proportional to the casein protein level of the RCM were added to provide
Postnatal depression and associated parenting indicators among Vietnamese women

Postnatal depression is a serious mental health problem. In low‐income countries, there has been only limited research investigating the direct link between childrearing attitude and maternal mood. The present study sought to determine the prevalence of probable depressive state among mothers in Vietnam, and to examine its risk factors with respect to social support and maternal childrearing attitude.
The role of incubator support in new firms accumulation of resources and capabilities

ABSTRACT Entrepreneurs need to accumulate different types of resources and capabilities to gain a competitive advantage for their firms, often in settings characterised by uncertainty and complexity. The purpose of business incubators is to provide new firms with a structured and nurturing environment during the early development stages and thus help firms accumulate the necessary capabilities and resources for development and growth. Drawing from an organizational sponsorship framework, this study examines the role of incubator support, referred to as buffering and bridging mechanisms, in the accumulation of capabilities and external resources in new firms. We conceptualise two types of buffering mechanisms in the context of business incubation: sheltering and building. Acknowledging that incubator services may differ in their influence on firm development, and that such influence depends on the extent to which the firms actually utilise the provided services, this study analyses firms’ use of various incubator services, and its effect on their accumulation of resources and capabilities. Analyses of data collected from 253 tenant firms of business incubators in Norway suggest that the bridging mechanism (i.e., external network support) and the sheltering mechanism provided by incubator management are important for firms to acquire external resources (i.e., financing, new customers) and to develop capabilities (i.e., organisational processes and routines). This study highlights the importance of different incubator support mechanisms for the resource and capability accumulation of new firms.
Quantifying exploration in reward-based motor learning

Exploration in reward-based motor learning is observable in experimental data as increased variability. In order to quantify exploration, we compare three methods for estimating other sources of variability: sensorimotor noise. We use a task in which participants could receive stochastic binary reward feedback following a target-directed weight shift. Participants first performed 6 baseline blocks without feedback, and next twenty blocks alternating with and without feedback. Variability was assessed based on trial-to-trial changes in movement endpoint. We estimated sensorimotor noise by the median squared trial-to-trial change in movement endpoint for trials in which no exploration is expected. We identified three types of such trials: trials in baseline blocks, trials in the blocks without feedback, and rewarded trials in the blocks with feedback. We estimated exploration by the median squared trial-to-trial change following non-rewarded trials minus sensorimotor noise. As expected, variability was larger following non-rewarded trials than following rewarded trials. This indicates that our reward-based weight-shifting task successfully induced exploration. Most importantly, our three estimates of sensorimotor noise differed: the estimate based on rewarded trials was significantly lower than the estimates based on the two types of trials without feedback. Consequently, the estimates of exploration also differed. We conclude that the quantification of exploration depends critically on the type of trials used to estimate sensorimotor noise. We recommend the use of variability following rewarded trials.
Mortality and survival benefits in people living with human immunodeficiency virus initiated newly with Antiretroviral therapy irrespective of CD4 count

Background: HIV is a global pandemic with estimated 37.9 million people living with HIV(PLHIV) worldwide in which 23.3 million (62%) PLHIV take antiretroviral therapy (ART). In 2018 UNAIDS estimated 7,70,000 people died from AIDS related illness globally. India has around 21,40,000 PLHIV and 69,110 AIDS-related deaths in 2017 according to NACO report. This study aims to know the mortality and survival benefits in PLHIV newly initiated on ART as per test and treat policy. Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted from June 2017 to June 2018, involving 100 ART-naive PLHIV attending this ART Centre at Hospitals attached to BMCRI, Bangalore, India. Survival analysis was done by Kaplan Meier estimates. Spectrum of opportunistic infections and their role in cause of mortality was studied. Results: The overall survival rate was 92% at 6 months and 91% at one year after ART initiation. The mortality rate at the end of one year was 9%, out of which Pulmonary Tuberculosis is the most common cause of mortality. There was a significant increase in the CD4 count during follow up, the mean increase in the CD4 T-cell count at the end of 6 months and 12 months was 157 cells and 286 cells per cubic millimeter respectively above the baseline value. Conclusions: In this study early initiation of ART is found to be beneficial in clinical and immunological recovery with increase in CD4 counts and reduction in opportunistic infections in PLHIV. Pulmonary Tuberculosis remains the grave risk factor for mortality among PLHIV/AIDS patients on ART.
Forensic interviews with preschool children: An analysis of extended interviews in Norway (2015–2017)

Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, Oslo Metropolitan University Faculty of Social Sciences, Oslo, Norway Departement of Behavioural Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Social and Political Sciences, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland