Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of kinetin-induced death of Vicia faba ssp. minor cortex cells

Cell death (CD) takes part in the control of all the steps of plant development. It may be induced by endogenous or exogenous factors. This paper presents the results related to mechanism of CD regulation induced by kinetin (Kin) in root cortex of Vicia faba ssp. minor. To explain the process 6-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylamino)purine (PI-55), adenine (Ad), 5'-amine-5'-deoxyadenosine (Ado) and N-(2-chloro-4-piridylo)-N’-phenylurea (CPPU) were applied to (i) block cytokinins (CKs) receptors and toinhibit the activity of (ii) kinases, (iii) oxidases and (iv) phosphoribosyltransferase, respectively. Moreover, ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) and cyclosporine (CsA) were applied to inactivate calcium ion (Ca2+) channels (i) across all membranes (ALM-Ca2+), including (ii) endoplasmic reticulum (ER-Ca2+) and (iii) mitochondria (MIT-Ca2+), respectively. The effects of these factors were measured by estimation of vitality of cortex cells and amounts of cytosolic Ca2+. Additionally, the role of Sorafenib, inhibitor of RAF kinase, on vitality of cortex cells and ethylene amount as well as the activities of Raf-like kinase and MEK2 with Syntide and Mek2 as substrates, were studied. The results of the paper clarified the suggestion that Kin was converted directly or indirectly to appropriate ribotides (5’-monophosphate ribonucleotides) which cooperated with ethylene and calcium ions signaling pathway activating CD by Kin (Kin-ECD) exogenously (E). Based on the present and previously published results, the scheme of the crosstalk between ethylene signaling MAP kinases, CKs receptor and enzymes of their metabolism in induction of Kin-ECD is proposed.
Growth response, economics of production, carcass characteristics and blood profile of weaner rabbits fed ensiled cassava root-leaf blends (ECRLB) as a replacement for maize

In a 56-day feeding trial, an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of replacing maize with different levels of ensiled cassava root-leaf blends (ECRLB) on growth, carcass yield, blood profile and economics of production of weaner rabbits. Five experimental diets were formulated and fed to the animals; diet 1= a maize based diet (control diet), diet 2= 30% maize + 10% ECRLB, diet 3 = 20% maize + 20% ECRLB, diet 4= 10 % maize + 30% ECRLB, diet 5= 40% ECRLB. A total number of forty weaner rabbits with an initial average weight of 574.09g±20.03g were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD) with eight animals per treatment. Data were collected on growth indices, economics of production, carcass characteristics and blood profile Increased (P 0.0) affected by the experimental diets. Rabbits fed ECRLB recorded lower (P<0.05) serum cholesterol and higher (P<0.05) serum glucose concentration compared to control. In conclusion dietary inclusion of ECRLB up to 40% improved performance and did not show any deleterious effects on all indices examined and is recommended. Au cours d'un essai d'alimentation de 56 jours, une experience a ete menee pour determiner les effets du remplacement du mais par differents niveaux de melanges racines-feuilles de manioc ensilees (le 'ECRLB) sur la croissance, le rendement de carcasses, le profil sanguin et l'economie de la production de lapins sevres. Cinq regimes experimentaux ont ete formules et nourris aux animaux ; regime 1= regime a base de mais (regime de controle), regime 2= 30% mais + 10% ECRLB, regime 3 = 20% mais + 20% ECRLB, regime 4= 10% mais + 30% ECRLB, regime 5= 40% ECRLB. Un nombre total de quarante lapins sevres d'un poids moyen initial de 574,09 g±20,03 g ont ete attribues au hasard aux cinq traitements dietetiques dans une conception completement randomisee (CRD) avec huit animaux par traitement. Des donnees ont ete recueillies sur les indices de croissance, l'economie de la production, les caracteristiques de la carcasse et le profil sanguin. Le gain de poids accru (P 0,0) affectes par les regimes experimentaux. Les lapins nourris a l'ECRLB ont enregistre un taux de cholesterol serique inferieur (P<0,05) et une concentration plus elevee de glucose serique (P<0,05) par rapport au controle. En conclusion, l'inclusion alimentaire de l'ECRLB jusqu'a 40 % a ameliore les performances et n'a pas montre d'effets deleteres sur tous les indices examines et est recommandee.
Laboratory dry-milling performance of white corn : Effect of physical and chemical corn characteristics

Thirty-two hybrids of white dent corn were evaluated for physical and chemical properties and dry-milling yields. The physical properties studied included true density, test weight, and 100-kernel weight. The chemical composition evaluated consisted of protein, oil, and starch content. The corn samples tested were processed using a short dry-milling procedure. A micromilling method was used to evaluate the dry-milling efficiency. Over 93% of the white corn flaking grits yields were greater than 20%, and half of the flaking grits yields were greater than 30%. Large variations were found in the ratios of hard to soft and endosperm to bran, indicating that some of the hybrids had a much larger portion of hard endosperm in the endosperm. Micromilling could provide an index of the efficiency of the dry-milling test. Protein content, true density, and the ratios of hard to soft and endosperm to bran showed high correlation with dry-milling yields. A linear relationship was found between protein content of white corn and the flaking grits yield.
ReadyRead: App-based Supplementary Materials for Reading Comprehension

English coursebooks for senior high school do not sufficiently cover topics related to natural and social sciences, so students have to find material to supplement the books. Yet, finding digital language learning material for practicing reading on the Internet that suits their level of proficiency as well as those that fit the curriculum is not always easy. To address this common problem, the study researched and developed Readyread, a mobile application-based supplementary material for reading comprehension. Educational Design-based Research (DBR) was employed in the study. Experts review conducted during the formative evaluation stage of the product yielded constructive feedback for the refinement of the product, more specifically, those concerning material development and multimedia presentations of the app. Students who tried out the product also gave positive feedback on the use of the app. They were delighted with the multimedia assistance and features built-in app, such as videos, popped-up glossaries, games, as well as reading materials that are closely related to the topics they learn at school. They also suggested more texts be added to the apps so that they can learn more independently whenever they have the time. Keywords: reading comprehension, supplementary material, app-based reading platform
Multi-Radar Analysis of the 20 May 2013 Moore, Oklahoma Supercell through Tornadogenesis and Intensification

A multi-radar analysis of the 20 May 2013 Moore, Oklahoma, U.S. supercell is presented using three Weather Surveillance Radars 1988 Doppler (WSR-88Ds) and PX-1000, a rapid-scan, polarimetric, X-band radar, with a focus on the period between 1930 and 2008 UTC, encompassing supercell maturation through rapid tornado intensification. Owing to the 20-s temporal resolution of PX-1000, a detailed radar analysis of the hook echo is performed on (1) the microphysical characteristics through a hydrometeor classification algorithm (HCA)—inter-compared between X- and S-band for performance evaluation—including a hail and debris class and (2) kinematic properties of the low-level mesocyclone (LLM) assessed through ΔVr analyses. Four transient intensifications in ΔVr prior to tornadogenesis are documented and found to be associated with two prevalent internal rear-flank downdraft (RFD) momentum surges, the latter surge coincident with tornadogenesis. The momentum surges are marked by a rapidly advancing reflectivity (ZH) gradient traversing around the LLM, descending reflectivity cores (DRCs), a drop in differential reflectivity (ZDR) due to the advection of smaller drops into the hook echo, a decrease in correlation coefficient (ρhv), and the detection of debris from the HCA. Additionally, volumetric analyses of ZDR and specific differential phase (KDP) signatures show general diffusivity of the ZDR arc even after tornadogenesis in contrast with explosive deepening of the KDP foot downshear of the updraft. Similarly, while the vertical extent of the ZDR and KDP columns decrease leading up to tornadogenesis, the phasing of these signatures are offset after tornadogenesis, with the ZDR column deepening the lagging of KDP.
Alliance Governance Mechanisms in the Face of Disruption

Existing academic literature has discussed contracts and relational governance as the key mechanisms that help alliance partners address problems of cooperation and coordination. However, when an alliance undergoes disruption, the nature and extent of such problems may change and therefore the value of these mechanisms may change. This study advances a dynamic perspective on alliance governance by examining the impact of disruption and subsequent adjustment on the value of alliance governance mechanisms. To this end, we longitudinally studied a revelatory case of a research and development alliance in the veterinary drug industry that experienced disruption triggered by an internal restructuring at one of the partner companies. We approached the evidence with a fine-grained typology that builds on two dimensions that underlie governance mechanisms: the means to enforce their ruling principles (contractual versus relational) and the level of codification of these principles (formal versus informal). Based on our findings, we (1) show the significance of this revised typology, which suggests that contractual governance is not necessarily formal and relational governance is not necessarily informal; (2) provide a more systematic discussion of the tradeoffs that the various mechanisms entail and how these are altered through disruption and adjustment dynamics; and (3) analyze how the interplay between different types of governance mechanisms evolves following disruption and adjustment. Overall, our study brings the concept of disruption to the dynamic perspective of alliance governance and highlights the contingent value of alliance governance mechanisms.
Numerical Investigation of Spray Collapse in GDI with OpenFOAM

During certain operating conditions in spark-ignited direct injection engines (GDI), the injected fuel will be superheated and begin to rapidly vaporize. Fast vaporization can be beneficial for fuel–oxidizer mixing and subsequent combustion, but it poses the risk of spray collapse. In this work, spray collapse is numerically investigated for a single hole and the spray G eight-hole injector of an engine combustion network (ECN). Results from a new OpenFOAM solver are first compared against results of the commercial CONVERGE software for single-hole injectors and validated. The results corroborate the perception that the superheat ratio Rp, which is typically used for the classification of flashing regimes, cannot describe spray collapse behavior. Three cases using the eight-hole spray G injector geometry are compared with experimental data. The first case is the standard G2 test case, with iso-octane as an injected fluid, which is only slightly superheated, whereas the two other cases use propane and show spray collapse behavior in the experiment. The numerical results support the assumption that the interaction of shocks due to the underexpanded vapor jet causes spray collapse. Further, the spray structures match well with experimental data, and shock interactions that provide an explanation for the observed phenomenon are discussed.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREECLAMPSIA AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW) IN WONOSARI, GUNUNGKIDUL REGIONAL HOSPITAL

Background: Globally, the infant and maternal mortality rate is still a severe problem because it was an indicator of national health – no exceptions for Indonesia. In 2017, the average infant mortality rate was 76 per 1,000 live births, while in Yogyakarta, it was 313 cases. The most common causes of infant and neonatal mortality were low birth weight babies (LBW) and sepsis. In 2018 in Wonosari, Gunungkidul Regional Hospital found 1,421 new-borns were normal, and 298 infants were experiencing LBW. This study aims to determine preeclampsia's relationship with the incidence of low-birth-weight babies (LBW) in Wonosari, Gunungkidul Regional Hospital Year 2018. Methods: This research was conducted in Wonosari, Gunungkidul Regional Hospital, using quantitative analysis with a case-control approach. The case population was 280 and using the Slovin formula. We recruited 170 controls and 170 cases. Inclusion criteria used include (1) Babies born with low birth weight <2,500 grams; (2) a single fetus; and (3) recorded in the medical record at the hospital. Results: There was a significant relationship between preeclampsia with low-birth-weight babies (LBW) in Wonosari, Gunungkidul Regional Hospital 2018 with a p-value of 0.004 (p <0.05) and crude OR 2.114; 95% CI (1.268-3.523). Conclusions: Pregnant women with preeclampsia will be at greater risk of giving birth to a baby with LBW.
Wage effects of educational mismatch and job search in Ghana and Kenya

ABSTRACT Education is key to development strategies in Africa. We use overeducation and undereducation to analyse the effectiveness of education in preparing individuals for employment in Kenya and Ghana, using the Skills Towards Employment and Productivity Survey. Systematic differences in wages between matched, overeducated and undereducated workers hold across attainment levels, even controlling for cognitive skills. Overeducated workers are rewarded above exactly matched workers, partially supporting human capital theory. Undereducated workers are compensated over their education level, following the job competition model. Obtaining a job through social networks is widespread, but associated with lower wages for the overeducated and exactly matched.
Lightning Frequency in an Idealized Hurricane-Like Vortex from Initial to Steady-State Using a Coupled Meteorological and Explicit Bulk Lightning Model

The dependence of lightning frequency on the life cycle of an idealized tropical cyclone (TC) was investigated using a three-dimensional meteorological model coupled with an explicit lightning model. To investigate this dependence, an idealized numerical simulation covering the initial state to the steady state (SS) of an idealized TC was conducted. The simulation was consistent with the temporal evolution of lightning frequency reported by previous observational studies. Our analyses showed that the dependence originates from changes in the types of convective cloud with lightning over the life cycle of the TC. Before rapid intensification (RI) and in the early stage of RI, convective cloud cells that form under high-convective available potential energy (CAPE) conditions are the main contributors to lightning. As the TC reaches the late stage of RI and approaches SS, the secondary circulation becomes prominent and convective clouds in the eyewall region alongside the secondary circulation gradually become the main contributors to the lightning. In the convective cloud cells formed under high-CAPE conditions, upward velocity is strong and large charge density is provided through noninductive charge separation induced by graupel collisions. This large charge density frequently induces lightning in the clouds. On the other hand, the vertical velocity in the eyewall is weak, and it tends to contribute to lightning only when the TC reaches the mature stage. Our analyses imply that the maximum lightning frequency that occurs before the maximum intensity of a TC corresponds to the stage of a TC’s life cycle in which convective cloud cells are generated most frequently and moisten the upper troposphere.
Mutations linked with the inherited anomalies in the Russian Aberdeen Angus sires

The purpose of research was to estimate of the gene load caused by the harmful mutations linked with the hereditary abnormalities of Aberdeen Angus cattle breed located in Russia. The object was the sires (n=3960) of five Russian populations which have been genotyped on AM, OS, DD and M1 genetic defects by previously created techniques. The genotyping showed the existence of AMC-, OSC-, DDC- and M1C-individuals among the investigated groups. The AMC-bulls have been revealed in four groups with the frequencies of 1.1-4.9%, the DDC- in all investigated livestock at 1.8-10.4%, the OSC- - in the two groups with 0.1 and 1.0% and the M1C- - in one population with 1.9%. We have also tracked the raising of AMC- and DDC-individuals in the later generations of two sire bull populations. In population No. 1 the AMC- and DDC-individuals frequencies have raised on 1.1 and 8.3%, respectively. In population No. 2 these differences were 2.2 and 2.7%. The monitoring of the genetic anomalies distribution in period 2013-2019 has shown the stabile percent of AMC, OSC, and M1-bulls, but for the DD genetic defects the growth tendency has been watched (from the absence in 2013 to 10.4% in 2019).
Sustainable development of coconut shell activated carbon (CSAC) & a magnetic coconut shell activated carbon (MCSAC) for phenol (2-nitrophenol) removal

Slow pyrolysis coconut shell (CSAC) and magnetic coconut shell (MCSAC) activated carbons were prepared, characterized and used for aqueous 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) removal. Magnetization was carried out using a co-precipitation method. The chemical composition, surface properties and morphology were examined using proximate and ultimate analyses. The carbons were microporous with a BET surface area of 607 m2 g−1 (CSAC) and 407 m2 g−1 (MCSAC). Both batch and column studies were conducted. The carbons efficiently remediated 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) contaminated water at pH 4.0. Sorption equilibrium studies were conducted at 25, 35, and 45 °C. Experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, Temkin, Redlich–Peterson, Radke and Prausnitz, Toth, and Koble–Corrigan equations. Sips and Koble–Corrigan equations best fitted the 2-NP adsorption data. A pseudo-second-order model best described the kinetics data. Columbic interactions, hydrogen bond formations, π–π donor–acceptor interactions, and dipole–dipole interactions were the possible mechanisms for 2-NP removal. MCSAC was easily recovered from an aqueous system using an external magnet and successfully regenerated using methanol. Fixed-bed studies were conducted at room temperature with an initial 2-NP concentration of ∼13 mg L−1, 2.0 g CSAC, pH 4.0 and a flow rate of 4 mL min−1. A column capacity of 102.8 mg g−1 was obtained. 2-NP desorption was also carried out under the same flow rate, and bed height using ten successive aliquots each containing 20 mL of methanol. The first aliquot of 20 mL of methanol desorbed 48% of the total 2-NP recovered and the rest in the further nine increments. These studies clearly demonstrated that developed carbons can serve as potential sorbents for phenol removal to substitute expensive commercial activated carbons.
Are refugees really welcome? Understanding Northern Ireland attitudes towards Syrian refugees

In 2018, Northern Ireland (NI) government officials, journalists, and preliminary research declared that NI citizens had provided a ‘welcoming society’ to Syrian refugees settling in local communities across the country. However, this claim starkly contrasted with other reports of growing violence towards foreign-born groups, particularly Muslims, which lead to NI being identified as the ‘Race Hate Capital of Europe. ’ Using the 2015 Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey (NILT), we problematize and empirically-test these initial conclusions about NI attitudes towards Syrian refugees by testing four prominent social theories. We first examine whether economic self-interest and social exposure (i.e., contact hypothesis) predict NI attitudes towards Syrian refugees. We also recognize NI's unique conflictual ethnic history by testing whether cultural marginality and ethnic competition theories further explain attitudes. The findings suggest that multiple theories explain NI citizen views towards Syrians. Results provide partial support for economic self-interests and direct and preferential social exposure as predictors. However, when considering racism and sectarianism measures, the results require a nuanced understanding of the context of NI people’s attitudes. We found that identity politics related to NI's citizens' religious and nationalist identity encouraged racist and sectarian disapproval of Syrian refugee resettlement. These findings provide a promising avenue of study in understanding how ethno-identities shape attitudes towards Syrian refugees and other foreign-born groups living in NI. However, we contend more granular research will be needed to highlight these nuances.
Effects of catechin and copper or their combination in diet on productive performance, egg quality, egg shelf-life, plasma 8-OHdG concentrations and oxidative status in laying quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the effects of catechin and copper supplementations to quail diet on performance, egg quality and lipid peroxidation, plasma 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentrations and oxidative status. In this study, 300 quails, 10-week old, were divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates. The dietary treatments were a control diet and a control diet supplemented with 3000 mg/kg of green tea catechins (Cat), 80 mg/kg of copper proteinate (CuP), or 3000 mg/kg of Cat + 80 mg/kg of CuP (combination; Cat + CuP) for 8 weeks. Plasma 8OHdG and enzyme activities did not change. Egg weight and specific gravity of Cat group were lower than that of the control group (p < 0.001). Egg yolk colour increased by dietary catechin (p = 0.001). The MDA concentrations in egg yolk, plasma and tissue decreased by dietary catechin; and kidney MDA concentrations also decreased by all treatments (p < 0.05). Consequently, dietary catechin had a negative effect on egg-specific gravity and a positive effect on egg yolk colour without affecting internal egg quality parameters. However, dietary catechin and copper, without causing DNA damage, reduced lipid peroxidation in egg and organism and has a positive effect on egg lipid peroxidation.
Preparation of Ti-Nb-Fe-O Nanotubes on Ti10NbxFe Alloy and the Application for Photocatalytic Degradation under Solar Irradiation

Highly oriented and self-ordered titanium-niobium-iron mixed oxide nanotubes were synthesized by anodizing Ti10NbxFe alloys in ethylene glycol electrolytes containing NH4F and water at 20 °C. The nanostructure morphologies were found to depend closely on the nature of the alloy substrates. The results demonstrate the possibility of growing mixed oxide nanotubes possessing several-micrometer-thick layers by a simple and straightforward electrochemical route. The methylene blue degradation rate of fabricated Ti-Nb-Fe-O nanotubes increased by 33% compared to TiO2 nanotubes and TiO2 nanoparticle films under solar irradiation. The combination of the gully-like morphology and the rich defects introduced by Nb and Fe co-doping in Ti-Nb-Fe-O mixed nanotube oxides was demonstrated to be beneficial for enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance. Ti-Nb-Fe-O nanotubes can achieve effective photodegradation without secondary pollution with more reusability than powder photocatalysts.