Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Movement Primitives Modulation-Based Compliance Control for a New Sitting/Lying Lower Limb Rehabilitation Robot

Compliant physical human-robot interaction (pHRI), as well as the accuracy and robustness of trajectory tracking, are crucial for rehabilitation robots. In this paper, a new sitting/lying lower limb rehabilitation robot, SUT-SLLRR, has been designed for patients with lower extremity motor dysfunction. A dynamic movement primitives modulation-based compliance control strategy (DMPM-CCS) has been proposed for the SUT-SLLRR. The high-level trajectory planner consists of the trajectory generator based on dynamic movement primitives (DMPs), acceleration layer modulation generator, and velocity layer modulation generator, which can reshape the reference trajectory to generate desired trajectory within a constrained joint space through pHRI. Besides, the linear active disturbance rejection controller (LADRC) is adopted as the low-level position controller to ensure that each joint can accurately and robustness track the desired trajectory under internal and external disturbances. Simulation and experimental results indicate that the proposed strategy can provide the compliant pHRI within the constrained joint space and ensure the accuracy and robustness of trajectory tracking.
Power System Static-State Estimation With Uncertain Network Parameters as Input Data

This paper introduces a novel Least Squares (LS) observer for the state estimation in power system under static conditions. The proposed state estimator takes into consideration not only the measurement uncertainty but also the uncertainty associated with all the network parameters used in the load flow model of the power grid. A comparison with the classical weighted LS method is reported.
Particle Swarm Optimization with Aging Leader and Challenges for Multiswarm Optimization

 Abstract— In reality every organism ages and has a limited life span. Aging is important for maintaining diversity. In nature the aging leader become weak which leaves opportunities to other individual to challenge for the leadership position. This paper transplants aging leader and challengers (ALC-PSO) by taking its advantages and proposes Aging leader and challengers (ALC-PSO) in multiswarm. The leader which shows the long leading power attract the swarm toward best position. Otherwise, if the leader of the swarm fail to improve the swarm towards better position the new challengers claim for the leadership. This concept ALC-PSO in multiswarm serves as a mechanism for upgrading a suitable leader to lead the swarm and provides the best optimal solution.
Exploiting Redundancy for Secure Data Dissemination in Wireless Sensor Networks

El monitoreo del medio ambiente es una de las muchas aplicaciones de las redes inalambricas de sensores. Dado que estas redes estan densamente pobladas y que las variaciones locales de variables ambientales son pequenas, los nodos de sensado generan una gran cantidad de datos redundantes. En este articulo se presenta un protocolo de diseminacion de datos en una red de sensores jerarquica con clusters, el cual integra seguridad y reduce el sobrecosto de comunicacion al remover datos redundantes de la red. Ademas, se muestra que al utilizar el protocolo se puede proveer de seguridad a la red sin consumir recursos energeticos adicionales, esto particularmente cuando se trata con altos niveles de redundancia. Adicionalmente, se introduce una aplicacion de monitoreo militar como caso de estudio para evaluar la funcionalidad de nuestro protocolo
Understanding the Biological Basis of Autofluorescence Imaging for Oral Cancer Detection: High-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy in Viable Tissue

Purpose: Autofluorescence imaging is increasingly used to noninvasively identify neoplastic oral cavity lesions. Improving the diagnostic accuracy of these techniques requires a better understanding of the biological basis for optical changes associated with neoplastic transformation in oral tissue. Experimental Design: A total of 49 oral biopsies were considered in this study. The autofluorescence patterns of viable normal, benign, and neoplastic oral tissue were imaged using high-resolution confocal fluorescence microscopy. Results: The autofluorescence properties of oral tissue vary significantly based on anatomic site and pathologic diagnosis. In normal oral tissue, most of the epithelial autofluorescence originates from the cytoplasm of cells in the basal and intermediate regions, whereas structural fibers are responsible for most of the stromal fluorescence. A strongly fluorescent superficial layer was observed in tissues from the palate and the gingiva, which contrasts with the weakly fluorescent superficial layer found in other oral sites. Upon UV excitation, benign inflammation shows decreased epithelial fluorescence, whereas dysplasia displays increased epithelial fluorescence compared with normal oral tissue. Stromal fluorescence in both benign inflammation and dysplasia drops significantly at UV and 488 nm excitation. Conclusion: Imaging oral lesions with optical devices/probes that sample mostly stromal fluorescence may result in a similar loss of fluorescence intensity and may fail to distinguish benign from precancerous lesions. Improved diagnostic accuracy may be achieved by designing optical probes/devices that distinguish epithelial fluorescence from stromal fluorescence and by using excitation wavelengths in the UV range.
Multiscale modeling of viscoelastic plant tissue

We present a multiscale method for the simulation of large viscoelastic deformations and show its applicability to biological tissue such as plant tissue. At the microscopic level we use a particle method to model the geometrical structure and basic properties of individual cells. The cell fluid, modeled as a viscoelastic fluid by means of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is enclosed in an elastic cell wall, modeled by discrete elements. The macroscopic equation and stress tensor are derived from the SPH model by means of the Generalized Mathematical Homogenization technique. The macroscopic domain is discretized using standard finite elements, where the stress tensor is evaluated from microscopic simulations in small sub-domains, called Representative Volume Elements (RVEs). Our emphasis is on reconstructing the microscopic state inside the RVE for given macroscopic deformation and velocity gradient. We propose a scheme to initialize the RVE consistently not only with the macroscopic variables, but also with the microscopic dynamics.
Correction: LDL Receptor-Related Protein-1 (LRP1) Regulates Cholesterol Accumulation in Macrophages

The authors issue the following correction in order to cite and discuss previously published in vitro studies on the role of LRP1 that are relevant to this article. The sentence in the Abstract should read “To date, several macrophage receptors have been identified that contribute to the uptake of modified forms of lipoproteins leading to foam cell formation, but the in vivo contribution of the LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) to this process is not known. ” In addition, the following paragraphs should be added to the Discussion: In the current study it is not clear what form of lipoprotein is recognized by macrophages in vivo. The potential of LRP1 to mediate the uptake of lipoprotein particles was first suggested in cell-based studies demonstrating that LRP1 mediates the uptake of cholesterol esters derived from apolipoprotein E enriched β-VLDL lipoprotein particles [2]. This early study established two important principals regarding the role of LRP1 in mediating lipoprotein catabolism. First, the study demonstrated a requirement for enrichment of the β-VLDL particles with apolipoprotein E in order to be recognized by LRP1 which led to the sequestration model for LRP1 mediated hepatic uptake of lipoproteins [3]. The in vivo role of LRP1 in chylomicron remnant metabolism was firmly established in 1998 when Rohlmann et al. [4] used a genetic approach to reveal LRP1's role as a chylomicron receptor. A second observation from early studies was the finding that unlike the LDL receptor, LRP1 levels are not reduced when cells are incubated with excess hydroxycholesterol [2]. These results suggested that LRP1-mediated uptake of lipoproteins could lead to foam cell formation, and indeed this was demonstrated to be the case when human monocyte-derived macrophages or vascular smooth muscle cells were incubated with aggregated LDL[5,6]. However, it is highly unlikely that aggregated LDL represents the physiological ligand for LRP1 in the macLRP1-/- / LDLR-/- mice fed a Western diet, since we observed accumulation of triglyceride-rich VLDL particles in the plasma of these mice. This result suggests that some form of VLDL particle is the physiological ligand for macrophage LRP1. Indeed, studies have suggested that LRP1-deficient macrophages are defective in mediating the internalization of VLDL particles [7], although we were unable to reproduce this observation in the current study using thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages. Very likely, the in vivo uptake of lipoproteins by LRP1 in macrophages is complex, and difficult to reproduce in cell culture experiments.
Assessment of air quality in Northern China by using the COSMO-ART model in conjunction with satellite and ground-based data

Luftverschmutzung durch Aerosole ist eines der grosten Umweltprobleme in der chinesischen Hauptstadt Peking. Insbesondere Mineralstaub, welcher oft aus den weitlaufigen asiatischen Trockengebieten in das Stadtgebiet eingetragen wird, fuhrt zu einer drastischen Verschlechterung der Luftqualitat. Diese Arbeit ist eine detaillierte Studie uber die raumzeitliche Dynamik dieses eingetragenen Mineralstaubs sowie dessen physikalische Interaktion mit lokal produzierten anthropogenen Partikeln.
Sir David Ferrier MD, FRS

Background: Normal values of the jugular bulb oxygen saturation were obtained in 1942 and in 1963. Correct catheter positioning was not confirmed radiologically. Objectives: To replicate the measurements during angiographic catheterisation of the jugular bulb. Methods: Oxygen saturation in the jugular bulb (SjO2), inferior petrosal sinus (SipsO2), and internal jugular vein was bilaterally measured in 12 patients with Cushing’s syndrome undergoing selective bilateral catheterisation of the inferior petrosal sinus. In addition, data from the two old series were reanalysed for comparison. Results: SjO2 values (44.7%) were significantly lower than in the two old series, particularly concerning the normal lower limit (54.6% and 55.0% respectively). Comparative analysis suggests that contamination with the extracerebral blood of the facial veins and inferior petrosal sinuses was responsible for falsely high SjO2 values in the two old series. Conclusions: The normal lower SjO2 limit is lower than previously recognised. This may have practical implications for treating severe head trauma patients.
Natural conditions for more limited osmotic abnormal fluid pressures in sedimentary basins

Chemical osmosis is considered a plausible cause of abnormal pressures in shale formations of sedimentary basins. A set of experimental data on chemical osmosis was recently obtained for different shales, mainly in the framework of studies on radioactive waste repositories in deep argillaceous formations. Based on these data, large, osmotically induced overpressures up to tens of MPa were predicted by Neuzil and Provost [2009] under appropriate conditions. However, such large overpressures have not been found in sedimentary basins such that the reasons for this disparity between predictions and observations need to be clarified. Accordingly, two natural causes for lower than expected osmotic pressure were investigated: the effect of the complex composition of natural waters, including both monovalent and divalent cations, on the osmotic efficiency and the resulting abnormal pressures, and the presence of steady state rather than transient‐state salinity distributions. For this purpose, an electrical triple‐layer model accounting for multi‐ionic solutions was developed and used to calculate the osmotic efficiency at different proportions of monovalent and divalent cations. The calculated decrease of the osmotic efficiency when Ca2+ is introduced in a Na+‐clay system yields a noticeable decrease in the ability of the shale to generate overpressures. A discussion addresses the generation of abnormal pressures at steady state conditions found in sedimentary basins, i.e., with a linear distribution of the concentration across the formation. The persistence of moderate overpressures was predicted because of the nonlinearity associated with the dependence of the chemo‐osmotic efficiency on the concentration and the porosity. Finally, a case study of the moderate excess hydraulic head measured in the Toarcian/Domerian argillaceous formation of Tournemire (SE of France) was investigated. The analysis indicated an osmotic origin for the excess head and illustrated the influence of the pore water composition.
Considerations for Implementation of Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Into Clinical Care.

Physicians have provided personalized care with as much precision as possible for several centuries. However, increasingly sophisticated understanding of the human genome and of cancer biology has permitted identification of genetic and phenotypic distinctions that might permit development of new tumor biomarker tests for risk categorization, screening, differential diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and monitoring. Both commercial and academic laboratories are offering tests for single analytes, panels of tests of single analytes, multiparameter assays coalesced into a signature, and total genomic, transcriptomic, or proteomic analyses. However, the absence of a consistent regulatory environment has led to marketing of assays without proven analytic validity or clinical utility. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval or clearance does not necessarily imply that use of the test will improve patient outcomes, and FDA discretion to permit laboratory-developed tests results in unknown benefit, or harm, of others. In this regard, a "bad tumor marker is as bad as a bad drug. " Caveat emptor is not a satisfactory approach to delivering high-quality care. Rather, adoption of tumor biomarker tests should be based on high levels of evidence generated in scientifically rigorous studies that demonstrate both analytical validity and clinical utility. Doing so will ensure that clinicians and patients are confident that a tumor biomarker test is likely to improve their outcomes.
A generalized vector-valued total variation algorithm

We propose a simple but flexible method for solving the generalized vector-valued TV (VTV) functional, which includes both the ¿2-VTV and ¿1-VTV regularizations as special cases, to address the problems of deconvolution and denoising of vector-valued (e.g. color) images with Gaussian or salt-and-pepper noise. This algorithm is the vectorial extension of the Iteratively Reweighted Norm (IRN) algorithm [1] originally developed for scalar (grayscale) images. This method offers competitive computational performance for denoising and deconvolving vector-valued images corrupted with Gaussian (¿2-VTV case) and salt-and-pepper noise (¿1-VTV case).
Turbidity Currents With Equilibrium Basal Driving Layers: A Mechanism for Long Runout

Turbidity currents run out over 100 km in lakes and reservoirs, and over 1,000 km in the ocean. They do so without dissipating themselves via excess entrainment of ambient water. Existing layer‐averaged formulations cannot capture this. We use a numerical model to describe the temporal evolution of a turbidity current toward steady state under condition of zero net sediment flux at the bed. The flow self‐partitions itself into two layers. The lower “driving layer” approaches an invariant flow thickness, velocity profile, and suspended sediment concentration profile that sequesters nearly all of the suspended sediment. This layer can continue indefinitely at steady state over a constant bed slope. The upper “driven layer” contains a small fraction of the suspended sediment. The devolution of the flow into these two layers likely allows the driving layer to run out long distances.
The Impact of an Augmented Reality Game on Local Businesses: A Study of Pokemon Go on Restaurants

Pokemon Go, an augmented-reality technology-based game, garnered tremendous public interest upon release with an average of 20 million active daily users. The game combines geo-spatial elements with gamification practices to incentivize user movement in the physical world. In this study, we examine the potential externalities that such incentives may have on associated businesses. Particularly, we study the impact of Pokemon Go on local restaurants by using online reviews as a proxy for consumer engagement and perception. We treat the release of Pokemon Go as a natural experiment and study the post-release impact on associated restaurants. We find that restaurants associated with Pokemon Go do indeed enjoy a higher level of consumer engagement and more positive consumer perception. In addition, we find that the characteristics of a restaurant moderate these effects significantly. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to examine the economic implications of augmented-reality applications. Therefore, our research lays the foundations for future studies that examine how augmented-reality games affect consumer economic behavior. Our study also provides insights into the potential value of such associations for business owners and policymakers.
Characterization of mandibular molar root and canal morphology using cone beam computed tomography and its variability in Belgian and Chilean population samples

Purpose This study used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to characterize mandibular molar root and canal morphology and its variability in Belgian and Chilean population samples. Materials and Methods We analyzed the CBCT images of 515 mandibular molars (257 from Belgium and 258 from Chile). Molars meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed to determine (1) the number of roots; (2) the root canal configuration; (3) the presence of a curved canal in the cross-sectional image of the distal root in the mandibular first molar and (4) the presence of a C-shaped canal in the second mandibular molar. A descriptive analysis was performed. The association between national origin and the presence of a curved or C-shaped canal was evaluated using the chi-squared test. Results The most common configurations in the mesial root of both molars were type V and type III. In the distal root, type I canal configuration was the most common. Curvature in the cross-sectional image was found in 25% of the distal canals of the mandibular first molars in the Belgian population, compared to 11% in the Chilean population. The prevalence of C-shaped canals was 10% or less in both populations. Conclusion In cases of unclear or complex root and canal morphology in the mandibular molars, CBCT imaging might assist endodontic specialists in making an accurate diagnosis and in treatment planning.
The Approximate Capacity of the MIMO Relay Channel

Capacity bounds are studied for the multiple-antenna complex Gaussian relay channel with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> transmitting antennas at the sender, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> receiving and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$t_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> transmitting antennas at the relay, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$r_{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> receiving antennas at the receiver. It is shown that the partial decode–forward coding scheme achieves within <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\min (t_{1},r_{2})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bits from the cutset bound and at least one half of the cutset bound, establishing a good approximate characterization of the capacity. A similar additive gap of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\min (t_{1} + t_{2}, r_{3}) + r_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> bits is shown to be achieved by the compress–forward coding scheme. The corresponding results for time-division half-duplex relay channels are also established.
Growth inhibition of colorectal carcinoma by lentiviral TRAIL-transgenic human mesenchymal stem cells requires their substantial intratumoral presence

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) constitutes a common malignancy with limited therapeutic options in metastasized stages. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) home to tumours and may therefore serve as a novel therapeutic tool for intratumoral delivery of antineoplastic factors. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) which promises apoptosis induction preferentially in tumour cells represents such a factor. We generated TRAIL‐MSC by transduction of human MSC with a third generation lentiviral vector system and analysed their characteristics and capacity to inhibit CRC growth. (1) TRAIL‐MSC showed stable transgene expression with neither changes in the defining MSC characteristics nor signs of malignant transformation. (2) Upon direct in vitro coculture TRAIL‐MSC induced apoptosis in TRAIL‐sensitive CRC‐cell lines (DLD‐1 and HCT‐15) but also in CRC‐cell lines resistant to soluble TRAIL (HCT‐8 and SW480). (3) In mixed subcutaneous (s.c.) xenografts TRAIL‐MSC inhibited CRC‐tumour growth presumably by apoptosis induction but a substantial proportion of TRAIL‐MSC within the total tumour cell number was needed to yield such anti‐tumour effect. (4) Systemic application of TRAIL‐MSC had no effect on the growth of s.c. DLD‐1 xenografts which appeared to be due to a pulmonary entrapment and low rate of tumour integration of TRAIL‐MSC. Systemic TRAIL‐MSC caused no toxicity in this model. (5) Wild‐type MSC seemed to exert a tumour growth‐supporting effect in mixed s.c. DLD‐1 xenografts. These novel results support the idea that lentiviral TRAIL‐transgenic human MSC may serve as vehicles for clinical tumour therapy but also highlight the need for further investigations to improve tumour integration of transgenic MSC and to clarify a potential tumour‐supporting effect by MSC.
A Prediction Model for Adverse Outcome in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes

OBJECTIVE There are no formal prognostic models predicting adverse outcomes (excessive length of stay or mortality) in hospitalized patients with diabetes. In this study, we aimed to develop a prediction model that will help identify patients with diabetes who are most likely to have an adverse event during their hospital stay. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Analysis was based on 25,118 admissions with diabetes to University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., over 4 years (2007–2010). Adverse events are defined as either excessive length of stay or inpatient mortality. Key predictors were variables that are often available in the first 72 h of admission and included demographic characteristics, clinical pathological test results, and use of insulin. Models were constructed using logistic regression, discrimination and calibration was assessed, and internal validation was carried out. RESULTS The model performed well with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.802 with only a mild reduction being noted in the internal validation (AUC 0.798). At a cutoff value of 25% probability of having an adverse outcome the sensitivity was 76%, specificity was 70%, and the positive predictive value was 49%. If it is used for a case-finding approach limiting to noncritical care settings, then at the same cutoff value, two-thirds (sensitivity 69%) of the admissions with adverse outcomes could potentially be identified. CONCLUSIONS Once externally validated, we suggest that our model will be a useful tool for identifying diabetic patients who are at risk for poor outcomes when admitted to hospital.