Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Decade of Islamic Banking Research: Bibliometric Review with Biblioshiny and Vosviewer

Purpose: This study uses bibliometric analysis of Islamic banking research based on a large amount of scientific data and substantial research results in the Scopus database. It is an added value and contribution to developing research in Islamic banking. This study aims to identify and analyze the pattern of scientific publications, the influence between publications, and the collaboration between authors and institutions in Islamic banking research.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study used bibliometric analysis methods using biblioshiny and vosviewer. Data collection is done by searching the database on Scopus using the keyword "Islamic banking. " The search was conducted on March 29, 2023, and was limited to publications published within the last decade (2013-2022). The data collected was 2,410 articles, but after selection, the articles analyzed were 1,477. To ensure the validity of the data, researchers collect data directly sourced from www.scopus. com databases, and the data used has also undergone a selection process using predetermined criteria.Findings: Research on Islamic banking tends to explore topics such as Islamic banking products and services; Sustainability; Financial System, Market, and Services; Islamic banking regulation, risk, Governance, and customers; Maqasid al-Sharia; Supervision of Islamic banking; and comparison of Islamic banking with conventional banking. Islamic banking research has become an increasingly popular topic in the past decade. It shows a growing interest in developing and understanding the principles of Islamic banking and their influence on the economy.
Forests under climate change: potential risks and opportunities

Climate change will affect forests in Germany through the end of this century. The impacts of climate change on forest productivity, water budget and the associated biotic and abiotic risks are relevant for the forestry sector and its decision makers. We analysed the possible impacts of climate change on Germany’s forests using a variety of climate scenarios generated with the regional statistical climate model STARS and the process-based forest growth model 4C. The focus of our analyses was on mono-specific stands of the main tree species Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), oak (Quercus robur L. and Quercus petraea Liebl.), and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). The impacts on net primary production of forest stands are mainly positive for needle tree species and more negative at low elevation, water-limited sites for broadleaved tree species like beech, which is in contrast to the overall tendency of deterioration of the annual percolation rates independent of tree species. The application of a fire danger index and a nun moth risk species index according to Zwölfer indicates that Germany’s forests will experience, under the warmer and dryer climate described by RCP8.5, higher potential risks from fire and some specific pest species. An integrated evaluation reflecting the potentials and risks of forests under RCP8.5 for the German natural regions illustrates that the dryer (waterlimited) low elevated regions reaching from southwestern to northeastern Germany will benefit less from the assumed climate change than regions in the Northwest and forest sites at higher altitudes, which are mainly temperature limited.
The essence of onset and self-sustenance of turbulence in astrophysical shear flows Sources

To understand the mechanism of the self-sustenance of subcritical turbulence in spectrally stable astrophysical (constant) shear flows, we performed direct numerical simulations of turbulence in plane hydrodynamic and MHD homogeneous shear flows in the local shearing-box approximation with subsequent analysis of the dynamical processes in spectral/Fourier space. In the MHD case, we considered uniform magnetic field directed parallel to the flow. There are no exponentially growing modes in such flows and the turbulence is instead energetically supported only by the linear transient growth of Fourier harmonics of perturbations due to the shear flow non-normality. This non-normality-induced growth, also known as nonmodal growth, is anisotropic in Fourier space, which, in turn, leads to a specific anisotropy of nonlinear processes in this space. As a result, a main nonlinear process in shear flows is transverse (angular) redistribution of harmonics in Fourier space – nonlinear transverse cascade – rather than usual direct or inverse cascades. It is demonstrated that the turbulence is sustained by a subtle interplay between the linear nonmodal growth and the nonlinear transverse cascade for all considered flow configurations. The only energy supplier for the turbulence is the linear transient growth of perturbations due to the flow shear, which is mediated by Reynolds and Maxwell stresses, extracting, respectively, kinetic and magnetic energy from the background flow – the nonlinear processes do not directly change the total perturbation energy but only redistribute it among Fourier harmonics of perturbations. We propose the basic cycles of the turbulence sustenance in the considered cases, which clearly show the synergy of linear and nonlinear processes in the self-organization of the flow. Performing numerical simulations for different values of the background magnetic field, we show that with the increase of the field, the onset of turbulence occurs at larger times and the power of turbulence reduces. Finally, at definite threshold background magnetic field the flow completely stabilizes. It is significant that, there is an essential difference in the energy supply of plane and rotating/Keplerian astrophysical shear flows: in plane shear flows the leading linear process energetically supplying turbulence is due to the kinematics (Reynolds stress), while for Keplerian rotation – is due to magnetic field (Maxwell stress).
Transition of a temporally developing three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer

A temporally developing three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer is investigated using direct numerical simulation. The ﬂow is initiated by subjecting a statistically stationary turbulent channel ﬂow to a constant transverse pressure gradient while maintaining the streamwise pressure gradient unchanged. It is shown that this nonequilibrium three-dimensional boundary layer can be described as a turbulent-turbulent transition that is characterized by the development of a laminar boundary layer in an initial turbulent environment followed by a transition to turbulence. Both transient energy growth and crossﬂow instability may inﬂuence the transition, though the former is likely to have a stronger effect when the initial Reynolds number is lower and the transverse pressure gradient is stronger. The transient developments of both the mean ﬂow and turbulence are understood by relating them to the process of transition. The rotation of streaks and the damping effect of the spanwise boundary layer work together to suppress the streamwise and wall-normal turbulence. This effect is stronger than the energy growth in the spanwise direction, causing the overall turbulent kinetic energy and the structure parameter to decrease, explaining the observations made of such ﬂows.
CP Violation in Hadronic $B$ Decays at LHCb

This article describes measurements of CP violation in charmed tree-level and charmless loop-level decays of B mesons. Comparison between these two classes of decay is interesting given the potential for new physics effects appearing in loops and enhancing or suppressing the level of observed CP violation. Firstly a study in tree-level B → [hh]DK ± decays is presented, along with the progress towards a precise measurement of the CKM phase γ at LHCb. Secondly an analysis of B (s) → hh decays is described where loop diagrams can contribute. The analyses exploit data recorded by the LHCb detector, a forward spectrometer with excellent tracking capability and the ability to distinguish pions and kaons using the Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detectors.
SURE-Autometrics algorithm for model selection in multiple equations

The ambiguous process of model building can be explained by expert modellers due to their tacit knowledge acquired through research experiences. Meanwhile, practitioners who are usually non-experts and lack of statistical knowledge will face difficulties during the modelling process. Hence, algorithm with a step by step guidance is beneficial in model building, testing and selection. However, most model selection algorithms such as Autometrics only concentrate on single equation modelling which has limited application. Thus, this study aims to develop an algorithm for model selection in multiple equations focusing on seemingly unrelated regression equations (SURE) model. The algorithm is developed by integrating the SURE model with the Autometrics search strategy; hence, it is named as SURE-Autometrics. Its performance is assessed using Monte Carlo simulation experiments based on five specification models, three strengths of correlation disturbances and two sample sizes. Two sets of general unrestricted models (GUMS) are then formulated by adding a number of irrelevant variables to the specification models. The performance is measured by the percentages of SURE-Autometrics algorithm that are able to eliminate the irrelevant variables from the initial GUMS of two, four and six equations. The SURE-Autometrics is also validated using two sets of real data by comparing the forecast error measures with five model selection algorithms and three non-algorithm procedures. The findings from simulation experiments suggested that SURE-Autometrics performed well when the number of equations and number of relevant variables in the true specification model were minimal. Its application on real data indicated that several models are able to forecast accurately if the data has no quality problem. This automatic model selection algorithm is better than non-algorithm procedure which requires knowledge and extra time. In conclusion, the performance of model selection in multiple equations using SURE-Autometrics is dependent upon data quality and complexities of the SURE model.
TDRS-3 Orbit Determination Across Unknown Maneuvers

On March 22, 2006, the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite TDRS-3 experienced an anomaly leading to a protracted period of loss of service. The anomaly included significant thrusting for more than 2 hours and minor thrusting for another 10 hours. This unexpected thrusting caused significant changes to its orbit. Recovery was complicated by the quality and unavailability of the tracking data and difficulty in obtaining a good orbit determination (OD) solution. We revisit this event and the subsequent orbit recovery and use an optimal sequential filter OD method. The tracking data is processed using Orbit Determination Tool Kit (ODTK). Techniques for modeling unknown thrusts and identifying biased measurements will be presented, as well as methodologies for OD in the absence of detailed information.
Exploring the Key Factors Influencing Sustainable Urban Renewal from the Perspective of Multiple Stakeholders

A successful urban renewal policy, process, and project implementation should advocate sustainable development from economic, social, and environmental perspectives. As different stakeholders have different interests and insights into the importance of the environment, housing, social wellbeing, and economic concerns, they often have different ideas concerning how to develop urban renewal strategies and implement projects. Although previous studies have focused on the opinions of governments and academics, fewer studies have considered the direct beneficiaries of urban renewal—the residents. This study examined the key factors that influence sustainable urban renewal from the perspective of multiple stakeholders, including local governments, residents, developers, and designers. Social network analysis (SNA) and the reliability interval method (RIM) were integrated to form a SNA-RIM analytical framework to analyze the importance of the influencing factors. The results showed that the adjustment of the regional industrial structure, employment opportunities, and environmental qualification improvement had the most significant influence on sustainable urban renewal from economic, social, and environmental perspectives, respectively. In addition, different types of stakeholders do not value sustainability indicators in the same way. Local governments place more emphasis on return on investment, employment opportunities, and environmental qualification improvement, whereas residents focus on per capita income growth rate, public service facilities, and convenience of municipal infrastructure. Developers are most interested in the land value growth rate, public service facilities, and effective land use space, whereas designers attach the greatest importance to the adjustment of regional industrial structure, public service facilities, and effective land use space. Therefore, this study can help urban planners and decision makers balance the interests, seek common benefits for different types of stakeholders, and improve sustainable and inclusive urban renewal.
Simulation of quantum vacuum in higher dimensions

With the introduction of new petawatt (PW) class lasers (ELI-NP,Firex-I,HIBEF) a new regime becomes accessible, where nonperturbative quantum vacuum effects can be measured. First predicted in strong electromagnetic(em)-fields by Heisenberg and Euler, these vacuum effects were later introduced into the effective time framework of QED by Schwinger. They originate in the creation and annihilation of virtual particle pairs in extremely strong electromagnetic fields and the dipole moment that arises during this closed loop process. The goal of this thesis is to use the effective time framework derived by the aforementioned people to develop a computer simulation framework which allows the accurate modeling of planned experiments at ELI-NP, Firex-I, and other sites, thus delivering a crucial tool for the determination and understanding of relevant experiments. To this end, a set of modified Maxwell equations is required, which are derived with the help of an appropriate weak field expansion of the Heisenberg-Euler Lagrangian. The em-fields are then projected onto a finite difference lattice leading to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODE’s) for the time propagation of the em-fields. The ODE’s are solved in time using the generic ODE solver CVODE from the SUNDIALS library. The main obstacles that had to be overcome in this thesis were (i) the derivation of a suitable analytic framework (ii) the determination of the key variables (stencil values, Jacobi matrices, electromagnetic invariants, eigen directions, .), (iii) developing a suitable numerical scheme taking into account the stiffness and implicitness of the PDE, and (iv) resolving the resulting computational load challenge. The resulting new quantum vacuum simulation (QVS) algorithm is tested successfully against a set of already known results and used to simulate a variety of different setups highlighting different properties of the quantum vacuum. These include among others vacuum birefringence, high harmonic generation in higher dimensions, light by light focusing and light by light diffraction/refraction.
Experimental and numerical investigation of a pulsatile flow field in an S-shaped exhaust pipe of an automotive engine

A pulsatile turbulent flow within an S-shaped double bend pipe is experimentally and numerically studied to characterize the flow field in conditions resembling an automotive engine environment. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were carried out to measure streamwise and secondary flow velocities. The flows are accelerated around the inner side walls of both bends. The secondary flow, after passing through the second bend, is directed toward the inner side in the core of the cross section, and, as a result, Lyne-type vortices, which are not consistent with the second bend curvature, are formed. A numerical simulation is performed under the same condition as the experiments with computational fluid dynamics software. The numerical simulation gives qualitative results in comparison with the experimental data though there is some deviation, and shows the cause of the Lyne-type vortex formation in the second bend. After passing through the first bend, the high-speed region appearing around the inner side shifts in accordance with the Dean-type secondary flow formed in the first bend, and thus the non-uniform flow enters the second bend. In the second bend, the low-velocity region in which the centrifugal force is not strong enough to direct the flow toward the outer side, appears in the core of the cross section. Details of the Lyne-type vortex formation are discussed by considering the driving forces of the secondary flow.
Factors affecting satisfaction level of mothers using free maternity services in Murang'a County hospital, Kenya

Free maternity services initiative enables mothers to easily access skilled birth attendants in hospitals at no cost. Moran g’a County referral hospital is one of the hospitals offering these services. The current study aimed at determining the factors affecting satisfaction level of mothers using free maternity services in Murang'a County hospital. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 384 mothers who had delivered in the hospital using systematic random sampling method. Duly completed questionnaires were analysed using SPSS version 24 and results presented in tables and charts. The study findings indicated that the free maternal services have reduced neonatal and maternal deaths by approximately 67.5%. The free maternity satisfaction level of the mothers was established to be high at 67.8%. In conclusion the need to maintain and sustain this initiative is worthwhile. The ministry of health ought to increase civic education to all citizens on benefits of free skilled birth attendance.
Characterization and Differentiation of Ballpoint Pen Ink Strokes on Paper Using Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry and Multivariate Statistic

In criminal expertise routine, the expert is confronted by the challenge of detecting fraud in several important documents. One kind of forgery is the change of a document date of emission by one type of fraud is the adulteration of the date of emission of a document through the erasure and addition of another date with ballpoint pen of color similar to original. The forgery can be detected by characterization of colorant substances of each ink formulation. This could be done by using Orbitrap mass spectrometry. This study performed analysis in ESI-Orbitrap mass spectrometer to obtain the colorants and additives pattern of each brand of blue and black ballpoint pen tested, and after differentiated the pens by multivariate statistic (PCA and HCA). The analysis of ballpoint pen samples in a Q-Exactive® Orbitrap mass analyser was able to differentiate the samples, even for inks of very similar color, and the method proved to be very sensitive. The exact mass spectra were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was able to characterize the variables that were responsible for the variation and similarity of the samples. The HCA and PCA were able to group pens from the same brand and also to approximate pens of different brands but similar formulations. At the same time, multivariate analysis could identify pens that were very dissimilar from the others.
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access with One-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converters Using Threshold Adaptation

In digital communication systems featuring high-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), the utilization of successive interference cancellation and detection can enhance the capacity of a Gaussian multiple access channel (MAC) by combining signals from multiple transmitters in a non-orthogonal manner. Conversely, in systems employing one-bit ADCs, it is exceedingly difficult to eliminate non-orthogonal interference using digital signal processing due to the considerable distortion present in the received signal when employing such ADCs. As a result, the Gaussian MAC does not yield significant capacity gains in such cases. To address this issue, we demonstrate that, under a given deterministic interference, the capacity of a one-bit-quantized channel becomes equivalent to the capacity without interference when an appropriate threshold value is chosen. This finding suggests the potential for indirect interference cancellation in the analog domain, facilitating the proposition of an efficient successive interference cancellation and detection scheme. We analyze the achievable rate of the proposed scheme by deriving the mutual information between the transmitted and received signals at each detection stage. The obtained results indicate that the sum rate of the proposed scheme generally outperforms conventional methods, with the achievable upper bound being twice as high as that of the conventional methods. Additionally, we have developed an optimal transmit power allocation algorithm to maximize the sum rate in fading channels.
The amphibians and reptiles of the Northern Selva Lacandona:

Chiapas harbors significant biological and cultural diversity. The region known as Selva Lacandona is an ideal example to study what is called the “biocultural axiom”. This neotropical region is inhabited by multiple indigenous groups, such as the Tsotziles, Tseltales, Tojolabales, Ch’oles, Kanjobales, Chujes, Mames, Lacandones (Hach Winik), and Zoques. The herpetofaunistic diversity of Chiapas is currently represented by 107 species of amphibians and 223 species of reptiles. In the Selva Lacandona region a total of 35 species of amphibians and 90 reptiles has been documented, with some areas still remaining to be formally explored. Traditionally, the use of natural resources by native indigenous communities has been linked to the selective use of those species that have economical, traditional, and/or magical-religious value. Many of these human groups have a deep traditional knowledge about the environment in which they live, as well as the diversity of plant, fungal, and animal species with which they have coexisted over millennia. The Nahá and Metzabok communities are inhabited by the Maya-Lacandón del Norte culture. The objective of this study is to identify the herpetofaunistic species diversity found within the Flora and Fauna Protection Areas (APFF´s) of Nahá andMetzabok. Additionally, we analyzed whether the Lacandones from the north have a herpetofaunistic ethnical taxonomic classification system. A total of 67 species that are recognized by the Lacandones were recorded for both APFFs. The Lacandones del Norte classify the herpetofauna into six groups, i.e., Ak (Turtles), Kan (Snakes), Ayim (Crocodiles), Torok (Lizards), Xut (Frogs), and Be’p (Toads). For Metzabok, the three most frequently mentioned species are Bothrops asper, Boa imperator, and Crocodylus moreletii. For Nahá, the three species of most importance are Basiliscus vittatus, Boa imperator, and Kinosternon leucostomum. The differenceslie in the fact that for the Lacandones of Metzabok, the most important animals are those that are represented in their oral narratives, while for the Nahá community; the most important species are those that they usually find on a daily basis when walking along the trails in the jungle.