Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vitro and In vivo Anticonvulsant Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Clutia abyssinica in Mice Model

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the brain that affects people of all ages worldwide. In the search of safe and effective antiepileptics traditional treatment practices are one area of research to obtain novel molecules. Research is also needed to validate and standardize the traditional claim. Clutia abyssinica leaves were one of the medicinal plants claimed for use against epilepsy and evil eye and other diseases in different parts of Ethiopia. But there was no scientific research evidence for the claimed use of the plant. Therefore this work was designed to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Clutia abyssinica leaves. Methods: The dry residue of the plant extract was used for the test. In vitro 0Mg2+ mice model at dose 0.7 mg/kg of extract, diazepam (3μM) and untreated brain slice groups were used to compare the presence of seizure like event (SLE). In vivo pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) model with 85 mg/kg subcutaneously was used to compare the seizure onset time with two extract doses and diazepam Original Research Article Salile and Abula; JOCAMR, 13(4): 8-14, 2021; Article no.JOCAMR. 67277 9 5 mg/kg. The data was presented with mean± standard error. In maximum electric shock (MES) model 54 mA was passed for 0.2 second transauricularly in mice. The mean time of hind limb extension was recorded for doses 400 mg/kg and 800mg/kg of the extract and 10 mg/kg phenytoin. The means were compared for statistical significance using one way ANOVA post hoc LSD whereas proportions were compared using Fishers exact test with P-value < . 05. Results: In vitro anticonvulsant tests C. abyssinica extract effect was not statistically significant compared to negative control (P>0.05). A positive control using the known anticonvulsant diazepam (3μM), showed significant anticonvulsant activity (P<0.05). The in vivo PTZ test showed no statistically significant effect in plant extract at all dose levels (P>0.05). In the in vivo MES test the extract of Clutia abyssinica both low and higher dose didn't show statistically significant effect (P>0.05) compared with the negative control. But the extract improved survival (p<0.05). The qualitative secondary metabolite test evidenced the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavanoids, phenols, saponins, sterols and terpeoids in Clutia abyssinica extract. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic crude extract result of the C. abyssinica as anticonvulsant is weak based on the models used in this study. For most of the local preparation are mixes of different plants it may have synergistic action with other plants. Or it may have action with other models of chronic epilepsy.
USING SOME INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROLLING COTTON AND WATERMELON APHID, APHIS GOSSYPII GLOVER ON CUCUMBER PLANTS REFERRING TO THE YIELD

Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of five insecticides (Carbosulfan 25% WP, Acetamiprid 20% SP, Imidacloprid 35% SC, Pyrethrins 5% EC and Mineral oil 96% EC) on the cotton and watermelon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover on cucumber plants at Behira and Benisuef governorates in Egypt during two successive seasons 2009 and 2010 and evaluated their effects on yield. The obtained data showed that, Acetamiprid, Carbosulfan and Imidacloprid recorded the lowest population of A. gossypii in both Behira and Benisuef in 2009 and 2010 during summer plantation seasons, while Mineral oil gave intermediate effect in reducing population of A. gossypii. On the other hand, Pyrethrins as a natural plant origin insecticide showed the least effect in reducing population of A. gossypii (12.81 & 9.30 “Behira” and 8.72 & 9.81 “Benisuef “ individuals/leaf/season) in 2009 and 2010 during summer plantation seasons, respectively. Significant differences were proved between treated and untreated plots in the two studied seasons. The highest cucumber yield was collected from plots treated with Acetamiprid followed by Carbosulfan, Imidacloprid, Mineral oil and Pyrethrins which gave the lowest yield. The results concluded that Acetamiprid proved to be the most effective insecticide against A. gossypii with highest cucumber yield. As for persistence, data clearly indicated that Acetamiprid, Carbosulfan and Imidacloprid showed the longest persistent behaviour and showed the highest reduction in aphid population till the 10 day relaxation period after application (88.06, 75.01 “Acetamiprid“ and 74.93% & 87.22 “Carbosulfan” , 80.82 and 75.52% “Imidacloprid”) in both Behira and Benisuef during summer season 2010, respectively. On the other hand, Mineral oil and Pyrethrins caused the least reduction against A. gossypii population after ten days of relaxation period, i.e. (69.81 and 48.33% “Mineral oil“ & 68.32 and 44.35% “Pyrethrins”) the same season, respectively. USING SOME INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROLLING COTTON AND WATERMELON APHID, APHIS GOSSYPII GLOVER ON CUCUMBER PLANTS REFERRING TO THE YIELD 518
Assessment of Self-care Knowledge on Diabetes and Long-term Complications among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Guyana

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the level of knowledge regarding self-care and awareness as well as long-term complications among type 2 diabetic patients in Guyana. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation and West Demerara Regional Hospital Guyana during the period September 2020 and December 2020. Results: A total of 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who met the inclusion criteria were recruited via advertisement and telephone interviews. The data revealed about 66.5% of participants were deemed to have good knowledge with men accounting for the majority. Diabetic foot and hypertension were commonly seen among participants with complications. Significant association was noted with barrier level of patients with the level of education (p=0.001), ethnicity (0.006) and insurance plan (0.03). Adherence to self-care showed statistically significant association with patient’s level of education (p<0.0001), marital status (0.02), employment status (p<0.0001), insurance plan (0.01) and persons living with multiple persons in the household (p<0.0001). Statistically, significant association was also noted among patient’s self-health feeling with level of education (0.004), employment status (p<0.0001), insurance plan (0.01) and persons living with multiple persons in the household (p<0.0001). There was no statistical difference between the hospital clinics neither between the groups of participants. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study highlighted gaps in the knowledge of the disease and patient care. Therefore, efforts should be made to enhance patient care by scheduling regular educational sessions and having services such as counselling available to patients.
Structure of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities in streams of a sub-basin in the Pampa Biome, Southern Brazil

The Piratinim River is located in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, and represents an important effluent from the Uruguay River, with streams located far from urbanized areas, in conditions similar to those of environmental integrity, but under the influence of agricultural activities. In this study, we aim at investigating the structure of the aquatic macroinvertebrate community in streams of the Piratinim river basin by observing both spatial and local scales. The sampling was carried out in six streams distributed in three regions (upper, middle and lower) of the basin, thus exploring its upstream, intermediate and downstream stretches, during spring and autumn. Macroinvertebrates were collected using aquatic dipnets and were identified at the family level; trophic-functional categories were established according to the classification adapted to the state of Paraná. The spatial and temporal variations of the groups and of the biotic attributes (density, richness, diversity and equitability) were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests and a posteriori Dunn’s tests. The abiotic variables were obtained to verify possible influence on the composition of the macroinvertebrate community, evaluated through a Canonical Correspondence Analysis. We sampled 11,564 macroinvertebrate individuals from 72 taxa, and found a predominance of the collector-filter trophic group. Abundance and richness were different between streams; the highest densities were found in the streams located in the upper region of the watershed (Chuní and Itú). The highest taxon richness was found in the lower region of the watershed (Guaracapa stream), and the lowest richness was found in the two streams Neotropical Biology and Conservation 16(2): 249–271 (2021) doi: 10.3897/neotropical.16. e60579 Copyright Sirlei Maria Hentges et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. RESEARCH ARTICLE Sirlei Maria Hentges et al. 250 for the intermediate region (Santana and Ximbocu). Diversity and equitability did not vary; temporal variations were not found. Canonical correspondence analysis explained 31.7% of the data variability. The main environmental variables that influenced macroinvertebrates distribution were temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, altitude and extension of the riparian forest. Seasonality and the longitudinal gradient along the basin represented determining factors for the structure and distribution of the macroinvertebrate community in the tributary streams of the Piratinim River.
Construction and Validation of the Ohio Children's Opportunity Index

Objective. To describe the development of an area-level measure of children's opportunity, the Ohio Children's Opportunity Index (OCOI). Data Sources/Study Setting. Secondary data were collected from US census based-American Community Survey (ACS), US Environmental Protection Agency, US Housing and Urban Development, Ohio Vital Statistics, US Department of Agriculture-Economic Research Service, Ohio State University Center for Urban and Regional Analysis, Ohio Incident Based Reporting System, IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System, and Ohio Department of Medicaid. Study Design. OCOI domains were selected based on existing literature, which included family stability, infant health, children's health, access, education, housing, environment and criminal justice domains. The composite index was developed using an equal weighting approach. Validation analyses were conducted between OCOI and health and race-related outcomes. Data Collection/Extraction Methods. Data were aggregated at the census tract level. Principal Findings. Composite OCOI scores ranged from 0-100 with an average value of 74.82 (SD, 17.00), was negatively skewed. Census tracts in the major metropolitan cities across Ohio represented 76% of the total census tracts in the least advantaged OCOI septile. OCOI served as a significant predictor of health and race-related outcomes. The average life expectancy at birth of children born in the most advantaged septile was approximately nine years more than those born in the least advantaged septile. Increases in OCOI were associated with decreases in proportion of Black (48 points lower in the most advantaged vs least advantaged septile), p<0.001) and Minority populations (54 points lower in most advantaged vs least advantaged septile, p<0.001). Conclusion: As the first opportunity index developed for children in Ohio, the OCOI is a valuable resource for policy reform, especially related to health equity. Health care providers can use it to obtain more holistic views on their patients and implement interventions that can tackle barriers to childhood development.
Cloud-Based ICME Software Training

Hands-on type training of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) is characterized by assisted application and combination of multiple simulation software tools and data. In this paper, we present recent experiences in establishing a cloud-based infrastructure to enable remote use of dedicated commercial and open access simulation tools during an interactive online training event. In the first part, we summarize the hardware and software requirements and illustrate how these have been met using cloud hardware services, a simulation platform environment, a suitable communication channel, common workspaces, and more. The second part of the article focuses (i) on the requirements for suitable online hands-on training material and (ii) on details of some of the approaches taken. Eventually, the practical experiences gained during three consecutive online training courses held in September 2020 with 35 nominal participants each, are discussed in detail.
Restatement of
 CSR
 Reports: Frequency, Magnitude, and Determinants*

We provide the first direct analysis of the magnitude of unreliable quantitative information disclosed in corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. CSR report reliability is of particular interest to fund managers for investment decisions as well as to policymakers for regulating and monitoring purposes. However, surprisingly little is known about CSR reporting reliability despite concerns raised in the prior literature (e.g., Laufer 2003; O'Dwyer 2002), We examine how often CSR reports for the Global Fortune 250 (G250) are restated, the magnitude of restatements, and factors associated with restatements during the period 2006 to 2013. During this sample period, the occurrence of restatements increased monotonically, with 39% of G250 CSR reports including one or more line‐item restatements. The magnitude of the line‐item restatements is quite high, with a median restatement of about 10%. We also find evidence of bias in the revised items toward overstatement. We find that restatements occur more frequently in firms that have reported a high level of social performance and that have environmental targets. The occurrence of restatement is also positively associated with firms residing in strong law countries and having their CSR reports audited. Our analysis of reporting bias indicates a negative association between use of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) reporting guidelines and the likelihood of an overstatement. We also find a positive association between having the CSR report audited and the likelihood of revisions associated with overstatements. Together, our exploratory results indicate that CSR information may be unreliable and firms that face pressure to perform well have more restatements. However, our evidence is consistent with the restatements resulting from improvements in information systems over time rather than intentional bias. Our findings will help investors and fund managers better judge the reliability of CSR disclosures, and inform regulators and standard setters on ways to enhance the reliability of CSR reporting. Finally, we contribute to the audit literature examining sustainability assurance.
Sediment Oxygen Demand Kinetics

Hypolimnetic oxygen diffusers increase sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and, if not accounted for in design, can further exacerbate anoxic conditions. A study using extracted sediment cores, that included both field and laboratory experiments, was performed to investigate SOD kinetics in Carvin’s Cove Reservoir, a eutrophic water supply reservoir for Roanoke, Virginia. A bubbleplume diffuser is used in Carvin’s Cove to replenish oxygen consumed while the reservoir is thermally stratified. The applicability of zero-order, first-order, and Monod kinetics to describe transient and steady state SOD was modeled using analytical and numerical techniques. Field and laboratory experiments suggested that first-order kinetics characterize Carvin’s Cove SOD. SOD calculated from field experiments reflected diffuser flow changes. Laboratory experiments using mini-diffusers to vary dissolved oxygen concentration and turbulence were conducted at 4°C and 20°C. Similar to field observations, the laboratory results followed changes in minidiffuser flow. Kinetic-temperature relationships were also observed in the laboratory experiments. A definitive conclusion could not be made on the broad applicability of first-order kinetics to Carvin’s Cove SOD due to variability within field experiments. However, in situ experiments are underway that should assist in the overall understanding of the reservoir’s SOD kinetics.
Applying deep learning to NASA MODIS data to create a community record of marine low-cloud mesoscale morphology

Abstract. Marine low clouds display rich mesoscale morphological types and distinct spatial patterns of cloud fields. Being able to differentiate low-cloud morphology offers a tool for the research community to go one step beyond bulk cloud statistics such as cloud fraction and advance the understanding of low clouds. Here we report the progress of our project that aims to create an observational record of low-cloud mesoscale morphology at a near-global (60∘ S–60∘ N) scale. First, a training set is created by our team members manually labeling thousands of mesoscale (128×128) MODIS scenes into six different categories: stratus, closed cellular convection, disorganized convection, open cellular convection, clustered cumulus convection, and suppressed cumulus convection. Then we train a deep convolutional neural network model using this training set to classify individual MODIS scenes at 128×128 resolution and test it on a test set. The trained model achieves a cross-type average precision of about 93 %. We apply the trained model to 16 years of data over the southeastern Pacific. The resulting climatological distribution of low-cloud morphology types shows both expected and unexpected features and suggests promising potential for low-cloud studies as a data product.
Gender Discrimination? Evidence from the Belgian Public Accounting Profession

Prior research finds that women receive lower salaries than men. Similarly, we show that female audit partners in Belgium receive significantly lower compensation than male partners. However, there are alternative explanations for the pay gap other than gender discrimination. For example, the gap in compensation could reflect that men are paid more because they have higher levels of productivity. We provide new predictions and tests of gender discrimination by comparing the fees generated by audit partners (a measure of partner productivity) and the types of clients assigned to partners. Consistent with our prediction of female partners having to meet higher performance thresholds than male partners, we show that female partners generate larger fee premiums, but they are less likely to be assigned to prestigious clients. To test whether these patterns are attributable to gender discrimination, we examine whether the results are stronger in male-dominated offices because this is where we would expect to find the most discrimination against women. We find the fee premiums generated by female partners are larger in male-dominated offices, while the negative association between prestigious clients and female partners is stronger in male-dominated offices. Collectively, our combined predictions and tests are consistent with female partners facing gender discrimination in audit offices that are dominated by male partners.
Symptom duration and risk factors for delayed return to usual health among outpatients with COVID-19 in a multistate health care systems network - United States, March-June 2020

关于这个话题我们已经知道了什么？ 对于较轻的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）门诊病例的临床病程和痊愈恢复情况，人们所知相对较少。 这份报告主要内容是什么？ 对门诊新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）检测阳性的有症状成年病例进行的多州电话调查发现，35%的人在检测2～3周后没有恢复正常健康状态。 18～34岁无慢性疾病的病例，调查时有1/5的人没有恢复正常的健康状况。 对公共卫生实践的影响是什么？ COVID-19病例病程较长，即使在没有慢性疾病的年轻病例中也是如此。 有必要向这些群体发送有效的公共卫生信息。
SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibody detection in human milk from a prospective multicenter study in Spain

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, breastfeeding in women positive for SARS-CoV-2 was compromised due to contradictory data regarding potential viral transmission. However, growing evidence confirms the relevant role of breast milk in providing passive immunity by generating and transmitting specific antibodies against the virus. Thus, our study aimed to develop and validate a specific protocol to detect SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk matrix as well as to determine the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on presence, concentration, and persistence of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Study design/Methods: A prospective multicenter longitudinal study in Spain was carried out from April to December 2020. A total of 60 mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or recovered from COVID-19 were included (n=52 PCR-diagnosed and n=8 seropositive). Data from maternal-infant clinical records and symptomatology were collected. A specific protocol was validated to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in breast milk, targeting the N1 region of the nucleocapsid gene and the envelope (E) gene. Presence and levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoglobulins (Igs) -IgA, IgG, and IgM- in breast milk samples from COVID-19 patients and from 13 women before the pandemic were also evaluated. Results: All breast milk samples showed negative results for SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence. We observed high intra- and inter-individual variability in the antibody response to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for each of the three isotypes IgA, IgM and IgG. Protease domain (MPro) antibodies were also detected in milk. In general, 82.9 % of the milk samples were positive for at least one of the three antibody isotypes, being 52.86 % of those positive for all three Igs. Positivity rate for IgA was relatively stable over time (65.2-87.5 %), whereas it raised continuously for IgG (47.8 % the first ten days to 87.5 % from day 41 up to day 206 post-PCR confirmation). Conclusions: Considering the lack of evidence for SARS-CoV-2 transmission through breast milk, our study confirms the safety of breastfeeding practices and highlights the relevance of virus-specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody transfer, that would provide passive immunity to breastfed infants and protect them against COVID-19 disease. This study provides crucial data to support official breastfeeding recommendations based on scientific evidence.
Augmentation of modified Alvarado score with abdominal ultrasound in diagnosis of acute appendicitis

Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the commonest surgical emergencies. But confirming the diagnosis of acute appendicitis is still a subjective issue for clinicians. Modified Alvarado score is based on clinical and laboratory findings which is scored upto 9. Management of 5 to 7 modified Alvarado score came under equivocal. Either may be conservative or operative.Methods: We augmented the modified Alvarado score with abdominal ultrasound in diagnosis of acute appendicitis.Results: Outcomes were evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and negative appendicectomy rate, results of our study are sensitivity 95.7%, specificity is 76.92%, PPV 93.75% and NPV 33.34%. Conclusions: Overall increased sensitivity, specificity, NPV and PPV of the augmented approach is useful for diagnosis of acute appendicitis which scored under 5-7 of modified Alvarado scoring system.