Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond accessibility: exploring the representation of people with disabilities in tourism promotional materials

Abstract Globally, over one billion people experience some form of disability. The number of people with disabilities (PWDs) continues to rise due to an ageing population, the spread of chronic diseases, and improvements in measuring disabilities. However, tourism promotional materials continue to perpetuate a homogenous gaze catering to non-disabled audiences. Thus, informed by critical disability theory, and an inclusive tourism approach, this study explores how PWDs are represented in tourism promotional materials, specifically tourism brochures, from the American Southeast. Through a content analysis of over 200 county-level brochures from nine southeastern states and interviews with state-level tourism marketing directors,three emergent themes were identified: ADA compliant is ‘good enough’; ‘Diversity’ means including more people of color or ‘ethnic’ groups; and Pets are welcomed but how about PWDs? The findings offer insights for inclusive tourism and breaking down the physical and psychological barriers that hinder PWD participation in travel and tourism.
SEASONAL PRECIPITATION, EVAPORATION, SOIL MOISTURE, AND YIELD OF FERTILIZED RANGE VEGETATION

Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were applied to range vegetation at five locations at rates ranging from 475 to 705 kg/ha N with or without from 380 to 545 kg/ha P. The addition of fertilizers increased average water-use efficiency at all locations. Average magnitude of the increase in relation to unfertilized controls was: control, 33.3 kg/ha dry matter produced per cm of water; P, 37.0 kg/ha/cm; N, 52.3 kg/ha/cm; and, N+P, 73.4 kg/ha/cm. Fall soil moisture had the greatest influence on yield of control and P-treated range vegetation, whereas June precipitation had the greatest influence on yield of N- and N+P-treated range vegetation.
Sphagnum magellanicum growth and productivity in Chilean anthropogenic peatlands

Las turberas de Sphagnum estan amenazadas a escala global, no solo por la extraccion de turba, sino tambien por la cosecha de Sphagnum. En Chile, el musgo seco es importado principalemente para su uso como sustrato para la horticultura y cultivo de orquideas. Aunque el uso del musgo en Chile es limitado, no existen datos sobre su productividad y crecimiento. Las turberas de Sphagnum tienen una microtopografia especial con cojines, zonas planas y zonas bajas o depresiones en el terreno, las que varian en la distancia del musgo a la napa freatica. En estos ecosistemas, el nivel freatico se encuentra gran parte del ano muy cercano a la superficie. Se midieron las tasas de crecimiento acumulado y relativo por aproximadamente un ciclo anual en turberas de Sphagnum que se cosechan periodicamente para fines comerciales. Se evaluo la relacion entre el crecimiento de Sphagnum magellanicum y la productividad con la microtopografia y la profundidad de la napa freatica. La productividad, el crecimiento acumulado y relativo fueron mayores en zonas bajas que en cojines. El crecimiento total y relativo de S. magellanicum mostro una relacion negativa con la profundidad de la napa freatica. Tambien se encontraron diferencias entre sitios, algunos mostraron mayores tasas de crecimiento en altura, pero menor productividad. La extraccion de Sphagnum en Chile aun se realiza a baja escala, pero la creciente demanda del mercado internacional constituye una real amenaza para el musgo.
Herpetofauna of the vicinity of Akşehir and Eber (Konya, Afyon), Turkey

In this research, 29 species of 11 amphibian and reptile families were detected in the endorheic basin of Aksehir and Eber. Of these species, 5 are anurans, 1 is a tortoise, 1 is a turtle, 9 are lizards, and 13 are snakes. In addition, the chorotype classification of the species recorded in the study area and their distributions depending on plants are also provided. It was established that specimens of subspecies Ophisops elegans macrodactylus and O. e. centralanatolia were sympatrically found in the vicinity of Ortakoy and Tuzlukcu. Moreover, in addition to the species determined in previous studies, Platyceps najadum and Hemorrhois nummifer were first detected in this region.
Chronic wasting disease in mule deer: disease dynamics and control.

We developed a mechanistic model to simulate dynamics of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations. The model projected age-specific disease dynamics, changes in population size. and effects of control strategies. We estimated parameters from observations of infected and uninfected mule deer in Colorado. We used Monte Carlo techniques to evaluate likely responses. Simulations of CWD epidemics were highly unstable. Disease was not sustained in projected populations when transmission rates were low, but CWD eliminated populations when more realistic transmission rates were used. We failed to produce stable coexistence of CWD in simulated mule deer populations. Even low CWD prevalence reduced potential harvest via combined effects of diminished per-capita production and decreased population density. Changes in CWD prevalence with-in populations were highly sensitive to transmission rate, and small decreases resulted in noticeable damping of prevalence increases. Simulated selective culling programs revealed the importance of initiating control while CWD prevalence was low (<0.01). Low selective culling rates (<20% of infected populations) effectively eliminated CWD if initiated when prevalence was low, but the likelihood of control diminished rapidly as prevalence increased. Management programs will likely require an effort sustained over many decades if eliminating CWD is the desired goal.
Relationships Between Water Availability and Selected Vessel Characteristics in Eucalyptus Grandis and Two Hybrids

The primary objective of this study was to determine the relationships between water availability, plant growth and selected vessel characteristics for Eucalyptus grandis and two hybrids, so as to ascertain whether these xylem characteristics predict water use efficiency. Cuttings of Eucalyptus grandis, E. grandis × camaldulensis and E. grandis × nitens were planted in 220 litre drums from which rainfall was excluded. One half of the individuals received a low watering treatment; one half received a higher watering treatment. Soil moisture depletion through root uptake was monitored weekly and the removed water replaced to maintain 60 and 80 litres in the pots of the low and high watering treatments respectively. Mean values for tangential vessel diameter, vessel frequency and vessel element length were compared for the two treatments. In E. grandis and the hybrid E. grandis × camaldulensis vessel diameter (P < 0.01 ' P < 0.05 respectively) and vessel element length (P < 0.05 for both) increased from the dry to the wet treatment as water uptake through transpiration increased. There is no significant correlation between available water and vessel frequency. For E. grandis × nitens, on the other hand, only vessel frequency was significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with water uptake. In all three species/hybrids water availability also had a significant influence on stem diameter (P < 0.0001) and transverse sectional stem area (P < 0.0001) which increased with increased water consumption. These results suggest that E. grandis × nitens may be more water use efficient than E. grandis, which is commonly grown for timber and thus could potentially be used as a replacement species that is more water conservative in this water limited region.
ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER IN TAYLOR VALLEY, ANTARCTICA

Soil organic matter in the dry valleys of the McMurdo Sound Region sustains a unique terrestrial microbial community in one of the most extreme climates on earth. The origin of this organic material has long been in question, given the absence of higher plants in this arid ecosystem. We examined the sources and distribution of organic matter from six elevational transects extending along a 30-km section of Taylor Valley (163° E, 77.35° S), from the head of the valley to the Ross Sea. The δ13C and δ15N of soil were determined both to identify potential sources of soil organic matter (i.e., marine, lacustrine, and/or terrestrial) and to map C and N source distribution in the valley. Results suggest that the primary source for soil organic matter is not the wind transport of organic material from modern aquatic systems (a long-held hypothesis). Instead, our data indicate that modern distributional patterns of low-elevation (<150 m above sea level [a.s.l.]) soil organic matter (SOM) in Taylor Dry Valley are s.
Breeding Programs for Sustainable Aquaculture

ABSTRACT Definition of breeding goals for sustainable fish production is considered, with emphasis on non-market (e.g., ethical) as well as market values. The need for long-term biologically, ecologically, and sociologically sound breeding goals is emphasized, because animal breeding determined only by short-term market forces has lead to unwanted side effects. Farmed fish is at an early stage of domestication and breeding, but rapid selection responses for growth have already been documented for several species. Reports of selection responses for fish and shellfish in both temperate and tropical environments are reviewed. Growth-rate responses of 4-20% have been obtained per generation. Broad breeding goals, including health and functional traits, in addition to production traits, are required. More basic knowledge of, e.g., animal welfare and behavioral disorders of fish is also needed. Less than 1% of the aquaculture fish material in 1993 originated from selection programs. For most species under improvement, only one or very few programs are running, and the effective population sizes are often limited. Such populations may however easily gain sufficient advantage above non-improved populations to capture much of the market. This will also discourage further genetic introductions into the breeding nucleus. Long-term inbreeding and loss of genetic variability because of genetic drift may then affect performance and further genetic progress. A sufficiently large and genetically diverse breeding population with appropriate family structure is therefore fundamental when establishing and running a selection program. Important prerequisites for breeding programs for sustainable production are appropriate governmental policies and awareness of our way of thinking about aquaculture, nature and society. A more communal worldview informed by a subjective epistemology (how we learn about/ analyze nature) and a holistic ontology (belief about what/how nature is) is also required.
Dry Matter Accumulation and Dinitrogen Fixation of Annual Medicago Species

Assessment of the N2 fixation potential of annual medics (Medicago spp.) in the upper Midwest is important for predicting the net N contribution to cropping systems. Our objectives were to determine the dry matter (DM) accumulation pattern of herbage, roots, and nodules of several annual medic species used as summer annuals and to measure the percentage and amount of N derived from N2 fixation by annual medics using isotope dilution and difference methods. Experiments were conducted on a Hubbard loamy sand (Udorthentic Haploboroll) at Becker, MN, and a Tallula silt loam (Typic Hapludoll) at Rosemount, MN. The experimental design at both locations was a randomized complete block with six replicates. Medicago truncatula Gaertn. , M. polymorpha L. , M. scutellata (L.) Mill. , and M. rugosa Desr. were inoculated with commercial rhizobial inoculant and were seeded in late May. Herbage, root, and nodule DM of N 2 -fixing annual medics continued to increase until about 72 d after planting (DAP). The highest maximum herbage, root, and nodule DM yields were 10 669, 648, and 169 kg ha -1 , respectively, from M. polymorpha in 1993. Based on the estimate from the isotope dilution (ID) method, herbage of annual medics at maximum DM accumulation contained 86% N derived from atmosphere (%Ndfa), using ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) as a reference crop, or 79% Ndfa, using noninoculated M. rugosa as a reference crop. The amount of Ndfa in annual medic herbage ranged from 100 to 200 kg ha -1 based on estimates using either the ID method or the difference method (D-method), with M. polymorpha producing the highest and M. rugosa producing the lowest amount. Estimates of Ndfa from the ID and D-methods were strongly correlated. We conclude that annual medics have the potential to contribute a significant amount of N to cropping systems when seeded in the spring and harvested or incorporated into the soil 2 to 3 mo. later.
Investigations on multi-sheets single point incremental forming of commercial pure titanium alloys

ABSTRACT The rate of production in single point incremental forming (SPIF) approach for the sheet metals is comparatively low when comparing to multiple sheet incremental forming process (MSSPIF). This increase in production rate comes with a trade-off of reduced formability in MSSPIF. The aspiration of the current paper is to analyze the formability, the strain distribution, and the void coalescence variables as per the strain triaxiality during the MSSPIF process of the available commercially pure (CP) titanium sheets. The forming limit diagrams (FLDs) and the strain distribution analysis have been carried out for multiple sheets of two, three, and four sheets bunch while they were formed together. The outcomes proved that the uppermost sheets achieved the higher limiting principal true strain and the limiting values of the principal true strain of bottom sheets decreased in accordance with the position of the sheet and the same was reported in FLDs. The void coalescence in the fractured specimen exhibited an enhanced fracture resistance for CP sheets of titanium. The size of void (µm), thickness of ligament (LT), void (L/W) ratio, d-factor, strain triaxiality, and other void coalescence parameters also have been compared when two, three, and four sheets were formed together during MSSPIF process.
Riqueza, composição e distribuição espacial da comunidade de aves em um fragmento florestal urbano em Maringá, Norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v28i4.172

Richness, composition and spatial distribution of birds were analyzed on an urban forest fragment of 47.3 ha at Maringa, Southern Brazil (23°25'S and 51°25W). Four habitats were categorized on this fragment: forest, forest edge, open areas and lagoon. The forest and forest edge were divided into three levels: understory (bellow 3 m), mid-levels (3-6 m) and canopy (above 6 m). A standard transect was ran throughout all pre-established habitats four times each month of January to December 2003, totaling 48 sampling days. A total of 86 bird species were registered on the forest fragment, being the insectivores and omnivores, respectively, the guilds with larger number of species. Most of the species was registered on no more than 25% of samplings. The forest was the habitat with largest species richness and largest percentage of species with occurrence frequency above of 75%. The mid-levels presented the largest species richness and the canopy the largest percentage of species with occurrence frequency above of 75%. It is pointed out the importance of conservation of the several urban forest fragments and the tree covering on Maringa, in order to minimize the isolation effects and to try to supply the needs of part of the bird community that possibly would not to persist on studied fragment whether there were not other near forest areas.
Time-Dependent Stresses From Fluid Extraction and Diffusion With Applications to Induced Seismicity

Over recent decades, it has become clear that the extraction of fluids from underground reservoirs can be linked to seismicity and aseismic deformation around producing fields. Using a simple model with uniform fluid extraction from a reservoir, Segall (1989, “Earthquakes Triggered by Fluid Extraction,” Geology, 17(10), pp. 942–946) illustrated how poroelastic stresses resulting from fluid withdrawal may be consistent with earthquake focal mechanisms surrounding some producing fields. Since these stress fields depend on the spatial gradient of the change in pore fluid content within the reservoir, both quantitative and qualitative predictions of the stress changes surrounding a reservoir may be considerably affected by assumptions in the geometry and hydraulic properties of the producing zone. Here, we expand upon the work of Segall (1989, “Earthquakes Triggered by Fluid Extraction,”Geology, 17, pp. 942–946 and 1985, “Stress and Subsidence Resulting From Subsurface Fluid Withdrawal in the Epicentral Region of the 1983 Coalinga Earthquake,” J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 90, pp. 6801–6816) to provide a quantitative analysis of the surrounding stresses resulting from fluid extraction and diffusion in a horizontal reservoir. In particular, when considering the diffusion of fluids, the spatial pattern and magnitude of imposed stresses is controlled by the ratio between the volumetric rate of fluid extraction and the reservoir diffusivity. Moreover, the effective reservoir length expands over time along with the diffusion front, predicting a time-dependent rotation of the induced principal stresses from relative tension to compression along the ends of the producing zone. This reversal in perturbed principal stress directions may manifest as a rotation in earthquake focal mechanisms or varied sensitivity to poroelastic triggering, depending upon the criticality of the pre-existing stress state and fault orientations, which may explain inferred rotations in principal stress directions associated with some induced seismicity. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4047034]
Some factors affecting reproduction and sex-ratio of the predacious mite Amblyseius deleoni (Muma and Denmark) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Abstract Several factors were examined to determine their effect on the reproduction and sex ratio in the predacious mite Amblyseius deleoni (Muma and Denmark), in the laboratory. The factors investigated included multiple matings, duration of copulation, capacity of male for mating in excess of females and age of mating females and males. The factors included also, the host plant leaf texture, food deprivation during immature and adult stages, and prey (Tetranychus urticae Koch) density. The results indicated that females of A. deleoni require multiple matings to maximize their reproductive potential, also when copulation was allowed for increasing periods of time, there was a gradual increase in total egg production and oviposition period. A male showed a high reproductive ability for more than 15 days and was able to mate more than once in excess of females. Age of females has an influence on fecundity and sex ratio; old females decreased egg production and produced proportionally more male progeny compared with young females. Similarly, the highest number of eggs deposited per female A. deleoni was reported, when female mated with a young male (0-day old). In addition, males of A. deleoni (at any age) were able to inseminate the females. Results from host plant leaf texture indicated that guava leaf gave the highest reproduction rate, while the fig leaf gave the least female fecundity. Neither the reproductive rate nor the sex ratio of the progeny of females crossed by normal or experimental males had been influenced by the food deprivation during immature stages. A significant lower fecundity was recorded on female's A. deleoni when exposed to different food deprivation programmes during adult stage. The number of eggs laid by the predator female increased with increasing prey density of T. urtice to a maximum of 2.04 eggs deposited per day at a prey density of 30 protonymphs of T. urticae as a prey. As the level of prey density was increased, there was a shift in sex ratio towards an increased proportion of females.
Evaluation of the in-vivo antitrypanosomal activity of the crude extract of Moringa oleifera (lam) against rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei

The anti-typanosomal effect of the crude extract of the leaves of Moringa oleifera was determined in-vivo in Trypanosoma brucei-infected rats. In the study, twenty five rats (weighing between 255-261 g) were grouped into five (A, B, C, D and E), with their parasitaemia levels and packed cell volumes (PCV) all determined before the analysis. Each rat was then injected with blood sample infected with the Trypanosoma brucei parasite. The infected rats were allowed to stay untreated for six days, during which the parasitaemia level for each of the rats was determined at two days intervals. The crude extract of the leaves of Moringa aleifera (200 mg/Kg) was orally administered ad libitum six days post-infection to rats in the first four groups (A, B, C and D), while the last group (E) was orally given distilled water (free from the extract). The effect of the extract on trypanosome-infected and treated rats was monitored for 6 days (at 2 days intervals). This was done by determining the changes in the parasitaemia levels and the packed cell volumes (PCV) of the blood of the rats. The results showed a significant decrease in the parasitaemia levels after treatment with the extract, with significant gain in the PCV of the treated rats. However, results from the untreated group (E) was not encouraging, as three of the untreated rats died before the end of the study.
Determinants of non-performing loans in the banking sector in developing state

The size of non-performing loans (NPLs) plays a key role in the stability of the banking sector of a country. The factors that explain the NPLs contain very important information for banks. Studies in this regard with respect to developing states such as Pakistan have received little attention. This study aimed to scrutinize the determinants of NPLs observing a case of the banking sector in Pakistan over the period from 2005 to 2017. ,The sample consists of the banking sector (i.e., commercial banks) listed in Pakistan Stock Exchange over the period of 2005–2017. The banking factors, including profitability, operating efficiency, capital adequacy and income diversification, were evaluated. The estimations were done by regression modeling using random and fixed effects through STATA software. ,Results show that the operating efficiency and profitability indicators have a negative association with NPLs but were statistically significant, while capital adequacy and income diversification have a negative association with NPLs but were statistically insignificant. ,The present study has considered limited banking indicators as determinants of NPLs and was limited to a specific time period from 2005 to 2017. ,The study is an attempt to investigate various banking factors that affect the NPLs with respect to developing economies such as Pakistan.