Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations between Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Cannabis with Cognition and Behavior at Age 5 Years: The Healthy Start Study

Background: Prenatal exposure to cannabis may influence childhood cognition and behavior, but the epidemiologic evidence is mixed. Even less is known about the potential impact of secondhand exposure to cannabis during early childhood. Objective: This study sought to assess whether prenatal and/or postnatal exposure to cannabis was associated with childhood cognition and behavior. Study design: This sub-study included a convenience sample of 81 mother–child pairs from a Colorado-based cohort. Seven common cannabinoids (including delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD)) and their metabolites were measured in maternal urine collected mid-gestation and child urine collected at age 5 years. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to cannabis was dichotomized as exposed (detection of any cannabinoid) and not exposed. Generalized linear models examined the associations between prenatal or postnatal exposure to cannabis with the NIH Toolbox and Child Behavior Checklist T-scores at age 5 years. Results: In this study, 7% (n = 6) of the children had prenatal exposure to cannabis and 12% (n = 10) had postnatal exposure to cannabis, with two children experiencing this exposure at both time points. The most common cannabinoid detected in pregnancy was Δ9-THC, whereas the most common cannabinoid detected in childhood was CBD. Postnatal exposure to cannabis was associated with more aggressive behavior (β: 3.2; 95% CI: 0.5, 5.9), attention deficit/hyperactivity problems (β: 8.0; 95% CI: 2.2, 13.7), and oppositional/defiant behaviors (β: 3.2; 95% CI: 0.2, 6.3), as well as less cognitive flexibility (β: −15.6; 95% CI: −30.0, −1.2) and weaker receptive language (β: −9.7; 95% CI: −19.2, −0.3). By contrast, prenatal exposure to cannabis was associated with fewer internalizing behaviors (mean difference: −10.2; 95% CI: −20.3, −0.2) and fewer somatic complaints (mean difference: −5.2, 95% CI: −9.8, −0.6). Conclusions: Our study suggests that postnatal exposure to cannabis is associated with more behavioral and cognitive problems among 5-year-old children, independent of prenatal and postnatal exposure to tobacco. The potential risks of cannabis use (including smoking and vaping) during pregnancy and around young children should be more widely communicated to parents.
Enhancement of four-wave mixing via interference of multiple plasmonic conversion paths

Enhancement and suppression of nonlinear processes in coupled systems of plasmonic converters and quantum emitters are well-studied theoretically, numerically and experimentally, in the past decade. Here, in difference, we explicitly demonstrate --with a single equation-- how the presence of a Fano resonance leads to cancellation of nonresonant terms in a four-wave mixing process. Cancellation in the denominator gives rise to enhancement in the nonlinearity. The explicit demonstration, we present here, guides us to the method for achieving more and more orders of magnitude enhancement factors via path interference effects. We also study the coupled system of a plasmonic converter with two quantum emitters. We show that the potential for the enhancement increases dramatically due to better cancellation of the terms in the denominator.
Numerical modeling of solitary waves by 1-D Madsen and Sorensen extended Boussinesq equations

This paper presents numerical solution of one-dimensional enhanced Boussinesq equations introduced by Madsen and Sorensen for modeling the solitary wave propagation in three different physical situations. Governing equations are spatially discretized using weighted residual Galerkin approach. To implement the linear finite element method, an auxiliary equation is introduced in order to simplify the discretization task of the third-order spatial derivatives present in momentum equation. Exact solitary wave solutions are used to specify the initial data for the incident solitary waves in the numerical model and for verification of the corresponding computed solutions. The proposed model has been used to simulate important wave phenomena including solitary wave propagation, shoaling, absorption and reflection. Validity of the developed code has been assessed by comparing the results against published analytical solutions and experimental measurements. In order to compare the current results against the numerical solution of the extended Boussinesq equation without the auxiliary form, propagation of solitary wave over a shelf is investigated. In all of the considered cases in the current study, the proposed model is shown capable of producing favorable agreements.
Predictive Factors of Piperacillin Exposure and the Impact on Target Attainment after Continuous Infusion Administration to Critically Ill Patients

Critically ill patients undergo significant pathophysiological changes that affect antibiotic pharmacokinetics. Piperacillin/tazobactam administered by continuous infusion (CI) improves pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment. This study aimed to characterize piperacillin PK after CI administration of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill adult patients with preserved renal function and to determine the empirical optimal dosing regimen. A total of 218 piperacillin concentrations from 106 patients were simultaneously analyzed through the population PK approach. A two-compartment linear model best described the data. Creatinine clearance (CLCR) estimated by CKD-EPI was the covariate, the most predictive factor of piperacillin clearance (CL) interindividual variability. The mean (relative standard error) parameter estimates for the final model were: CL: 12.0 L/h (6.03%); central and peripheral compartment distribution volumes: 20.7 L (8.94%) and 62.4 L (50.80%), respectively; intercompartmental clearance: 4.8 L/h (26.4%). For the PK/PD target of 100% fT>1×MIC, 12 g of piperacillin provide a probability of target attainment > 90% for MIC < 16 mg/L, regardless of CLCR, but higher doses are needed for MIC = 16 mg/L when CLCR > 100 mL/min. For 100% fT>4×MIC, the highest dose (24 g/24 h) was not sufficient to ensure adequate exposure, except for MICs of 1 and 4 mg/L. Our model can be used as a support tool for initial dose guidance and during therapeutic drug monitoring.
Effect of region of cultivation, tree age, and harvest time on the quality of Lebanese virgin olive oil

In Lebanon, olive oil plays an essential role at both economic and social levels. However, factors influencing its quality are rarely addressed. This preliminary study is the first analysis to show a comparison between ancient and adult virgin olive oil trees in Lebanon. Analysis of pedo-climatic conditions and physicochemical parameters of virgin oil samples taken from ancient and adult trees from three Lebanese regions (Bechmizine, Kfaraaka, and Kawkaba) and at two different harvest periods showed that these parameters differed significantly among cultivation regions, while the tree age and harvest time had a lower effect. We observed that the oil obtained from adult trees of Kawkaba region during the first harvest period (green to reddish stage of fruit maturity) had the best quality, compared to all other samples. Oil produced from these trees showed the highest polyphenol content, a relatively higher composition of tocopherols, oleic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids, and trans fatty acids C18: 1–C18: 2, with relatively low acidity and peroxide values. It was concluded that the quality of virgin olive oil was associated with its chemical composition, and was the result of a complex interaction between several environmental factors associated with the area of cultivation, tree age, and harvest time.
Bulk and single-cell transcriptome analyses of islet tissue unravel gene signatures associated with pyroptosis and immune infiltration in type 2 diabetes

Introduction Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common chronic heterogeneous metabolic disorder. However, the roles of pyroptosis and infiltrating immune cells in islet dysfunction of patients with T2D have yet to be explored. In this study, we aimed to explore potential crucial genes and pathways associated with pyroptosis and immune infiltration in T2D. Methods To achieve this, we performed a conjoint analysis of three bulk RNA-seq datasets of islets to identify T2D-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After grouping the islet samples according to their ESTIMATE immune scores, we identified immune- and T2D-related DEGs. A clinical prediction model based on pyroptosis-related genes for T2D was constructed. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to identify genes positively correlated with pyroptosis-related pathways. A protein–protein interaction network was established to identify pyroptosis-related hub genes. We constructed miRNA and transcriptional networks based on the pyroptosis-related hub genes and performed functional analyses. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) was conducted using the GSE153885 dataset. Dimensionality was reduced using principal component analysis and t-distributed statistical neighbor embedding, and cells were clustered using Seurat. Different cell types were subjected to differential gene expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Cell–cell communication and pseudotime trajectory analyses were conducted using the samples from patients with T2D. Results We identified 17 pyroptosis-related hub genes. We determined the abundance of 13 immune cell types in the merged matrix and found that these cell types were correlated with the 17 pyroptosis-related hub genes. Analysis of the scRNA-seq dataset of 1892 islet samples from patients with T2D and controls revealed 11 clusters. INS and IAPP were determined to be pyroptosis-related and candidate hub genes among the 11 clusters. GSEA of the 11 clusters demonstrated that the myc, G2M checkpoint, and E2F pathways were significantly upregulated in clusters with several differentially enriched pathways. Discussion This study elucidates the gene signatures associated with pyroptosis and immune infiltration in T2D and provides a critical resource for understanding of islet dysfunction and T2D pathogenesis.
CAN GOOD GOVERNANCE ENHANCE LOCAL GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE?

The first objective of this study is to examine the effect of audit results on the local government performance. Secondly is examining the moderating role of good governance on the relationship between audit results and local government performance. This study collected 536 local governments data from 134 local authorities in Indonesia from 2016 to 2019. The data employed for audit results were extracted from findings and rectification of audit reports. For the Good Governance, this study develops the Good Governance Principles index by mapping the data taken from Evaluation of Local Government Performance by the Ministry of Home Affairs RI with IGI indicators. Meanwhile, the local government performances were measured using the total local own revenue. This study uses multiple moderated regression analyses to explain the relationship between the audit results and good governance on local government performance. As the result, it has a significant effect on both variables tested. This research also found a significant interaction between audit results and good governance on local government. These results assert that good governance enhances local government to be more effective in responding to audit results to improve their performances in the following years.
A Novel Axial-Distance-Based Aggregated Measurement (ADAM) Method for the Evaluation of Agri-Food Circular-Economy-Based Business Models

Multicriteria decision making (MCDM) is a field that helps decision makers evaluate alternatives based on multiple criteria and encompasses scoring, distance-based, pairwise comparison, and outranking methods. Recent developments have aimed to solve specific problems and overcoming the limitations of previous methods. This paper proposes a new axial-distance-based aggregated measurement (ADAM) method, which is used in combination with the best-worst method (BWM) to evaluate agri-food circular economy (CE)-based business models (BMs) to create a more sustainable and efficient system for producing and consuming food. This paper proposes nine BMs, which were evaluated against eight criteria. The BWM method was used to obtain the criteria weights, while the ADAM method was used to obtain a final ranking of the BMs. The results indicate that a sustainable circular agri-food supply chain is a BM that can bring companies the most significant progress in business and strengthen their position in the market. We concluded that the ADAM method is effective for solving MCDM problems and that, overall, the model is an effective tool for solving the problem defined in this study. The main contributions are the development of a new MCDM method and a hybrid model, the establishment of the framework for evaluation and selection of CE-based BMs, and the identification of the most important ones.
A Paley-Wiener Theorem for All Two and Three-Step Nilpotent Lie Groups.

Abstract A Paley-Wiener theorem for all connected, simply-connected two- and three-step nilpotent Lie groups is proved. If f ∈ L ∞ c ( G ), where G is a connected, simply-connected two- or three-step nilpotent Lie group such that the operator-valued Fourier transform φ(π) = 0 for all π in E , a subset of Ĝ of positive Plancherel measure, then it is shown that f = 0 a.e. on G . The proof uses representation-theoretic methods from Kirillov theory for nilpotent Lie groups and an integral formula for the operator-valued Fourier transform φ(π).
A new species of Sedum (Crassulaceae) from Mount Danxia in Guangdong, China

﻿Abstract Sedumjinglanii, a new species of Crassulaceae from Mount Danxia in Guangdong, China, is described and illustrated. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nrDNA suggests that the new species belongs to S.sect. Sedum sensu Fu and Ohba (2001) in the “Flora of China”, and is sister to a clade comprising S.alfredi and S.emarginatum with high support values (SH-aLRT = 84, UFBS = 95) but is distantly related to S.baileyi. The new species is morphologically similar to S.alfredi but it can be distinguished from the latter in its opposite leaves (vs. alternate leaves), its usually wider leaves (0.4–1.2 cm vs. 0.2–0.6 cm), its usually shorter petals (3.4–4.5 mm vs. 4–6 mm), its shorter nectar scales (0.4–0.5 mm vs. 0.5–1 mm), its shorter carpels (1.5–2.6 mm vs. 4–5 mm), and its shorter styles (0.6–0.9 mm vs. 1–2 mm). The new species can be easily distinguished from S.emarginatum which both have opposite leaves by its short, erect or ascending rhizome (vs. long and prostrate rhizome in the latter), shorter petals (3.4–4.5 mm vs. 6–8 mm) and shorter carpels (1.5–2.6 mm vs. 4–5 mm). It can also be easily distinguished from S.baileyi by its short, erect or ascending rhizome (vs. long and prostrate rhizome) and its shorter style (0.6–0.9 mm vs. 1–1.5 mm).
Solvatochromism, Acidochromism and Photochromism of the 2,6-Bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene) Cyclohexanone Derivative

In this paper, we studied the photophysical behavior of 2,6-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene) cyclohexanone (BZCH) under the influence of various stimuli. The photophysical properties were correlated with different solvent parameters, such as the Kamlet–Abraham–Taft (KAT), Catalán, and Laurence solvent scales, suggesting that the behavior of BZCH is influenced by both nonspecific and specific solvent-solute interactions. The Catalán solvent dipolarity/polarizability parameters were found to have a significant role in the solvatochromic behavior, which is also confirmed by the KAT and Laurence models. The acidochromism and photochromism properties of this sample in dimethylsulfoxide and chloroform solutions were also investigated. The compound showed reversible acidochromism after the addition of dilute NaOH/HCl solutions, accompanied by a change in color and the appearance of a new absorption band (514 nm). The photochemical behavior was also examined by irradiating BZCH solutions with both 254 and 365 nm light.
Loss distribution of three-phase induction motor fed by pulsewidth-modulated inverter

This paper deals with the loss distribution in a three-phase induction motor fed by a pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) inverter. The copper losses in the stator winding and rotor conductor bar, and iron loss except for mechanical and stray load losses, are computed by the variable time-stepping finite-element method (FEM) considering the switching action of the PWM inverter. The iron loss is evaluated by the frequency analysis of the magnetic flux density distribution using discrete Fourier transforms (DFT) and iron loss curves, which are provided by the manufacturer. Simulation results by the presented method are verified by the experiment results. Finally, the loss distribution of the PWM inverter type three-phase induction motor is compared with that of the conventional three-phase induction motor that is directly fed by the sinusoidal three-phase voltage source without any control devices.
Spectral energy balance in dry convective boundary layers

Three-dimensional large-eddy simulations (LES) of the convective boundary layer over a domain of approximately 6 km are performed with the UCLA LES model. Simulations are forced with a constant surface heat flux and prescribed subsidence, and are run to equilibrium. Sub-grid scale fluxes are parameterised with the Smagorinsky–Lilly scheme. A range of grid spacings from 40 down to 5 m are employed. Kinetic energy spectra and the various terms in the kinetic energy spectral budget – heat flux, nonlinear transfer, pressure, and dissipation – are computed using two-dimensional discrete Fourier transforms at every vertical level. Despite the fact that isotropic grid spacings of down to 5 m (grid sizes of 11522×400) were used, an inertial range with a −5/3 spectrum is not obtained. Rather, shallower energy spectral slopes that are closer to −4/3 are found. The shallower spectra are shown to possibly result from the injection of kinetic energy over a wide range of scales via a very broad heat flux spectrum. Only with the highest resolution (Δx = 5 m) does the total heat flux begin to converge and the possibility of local isotropy emerge at small scales. Dependence on surface heat flux and domain size is considered. Preliminary sub-grid scale sensitivity results are obtained through comparison with the turbulent kinetic energy sub-grid scale model.
Transition from regular to Mach reflection of shock waves Part 1. The effect of viscosity in the pseudosteady case

It is demonstrated experimentally that the influence of viscosity on the transition condition in pseudosteady flow is very significant. A mechanism is proposed for this effect, which explains the features of the observed behaviour. In particular, an experimental method of finding the inviscid transition condition, by extrapolation to infinite Reynolds number, gives excellent agreement with the calcwlatcd inviscid sonic criterion. It is thought that this provides the explanation for the usual persistence of regular reflection beyond the sonic: condition.
Hierarchically designed sticky thermoelectric materials to fabricate thinner Peltier sheets and device architectures

The market of Peltier devices has been growing in the healthcare, automotive, and sensor industries, yet the cooling performance has been constrained because of their rigidity, small area size, and low cooling capacity. Physically speaking, thinner Peltier sheets could solve these long-known issues because of sheet’s enhanced flexibility enabling to attach on various surfaces, larger cooling area for the same amount of thermoelectric (TE) materials used, and better device cooling capacity. To build the thinner Peltier sheet, we enclosed the deformable hierarchically designed sticky TE materials within the punched holes of 0.5-mm thickness middle layer using the upper and bottom electrode layers. We obtained the flexibility as bending φ 20 mm, 5-times less weight per area, and Peltier effect as the temperature differences over 4 °C between the upper and bottom. This paper suggests the hierarchically designed sticky TE materials pave a way to develop and mass-produce thinner Peltier sheets. Graphical abstract
Outcomes of community-acquired pneumonia using the Pneumonia Severity Index versus the CURB-65 in routine practice of emergency departments

Background The Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) and the CURB-65 score assess disease severity in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We compared the clinical performance of both prognostic scores according to clinical outcomes and admission rates. Methods A nationwide retrospective cohort study was conducted using claims data from adult CAP patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) in 2018 and 2019. Dutch hospitals were divided into three categories: “CURB-65 hospitals” (n=25), “PSI hospitals” (n=19) and hospitals using both (“no-consensus hospitals”, n=15). Main outcomes were hospital admission rates, intensive care unit admissions, length of hospital stay, delayed admissions, readmissions and all-cause 30-day mortality. Multilevel logistic and Poisson regression analysis were used to adjust for potential confounders. Findings Of 50 984 included CAP patients, 21 157 were treated in CURB-65 hospitals, 17 279 in PSI hospitals and 12 548 in no-consensus hospitals. The 30-day mortality was significantly lower in CURB-65 hospitals versus PSI hospitals (8.6% and 9.7%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83–0.96, p=0.003). Other clinical outcomes were similar between CURB-65 hospitals and PSI hospitals. No-consensus hospitals had higher admission rates compared to the CURB-65 and PSI hospitals combined (78.4% and 81.5%, aOR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62–0.99). Interpretation In this study, using the CURB-65 in CAP patients at the ED is associated with similar and possibly even better clinical outcomes compared to using the PSI. After confirmation in prospective studies, the CURB-65 may be recommended over the use of the PSI since it is associated with lower 30-day mortality and is more user-friendly. In this study, using the CURB-65 in CAP patients at the ED in the Netherlands is associated with similar and possibly even better clinical outcomes compared to the PSI. After further confirmation, the CURB-65 may be recommended over the use of the PSI. https://bit.ly/41UktKX
The Macroscopic Entrainment Processes of Simulated Cumulus Ensemble. Part II: Testing the Entraining-Plume Model

Abstract According to Part I of this paper, it seems that ignoring the contribution from descendent cloud air in a cloud model for cumulus parameterization (CMCP), such as the spectral cumulus ensemble model in the Arakawa–Schubert parameterization, is an acceptable simplification for tropical deep convection. Since each subensemble in the spectral cumulus ensemble model is formally analogous to an entraining plume, the latter is examined using the simulated data from a cloud-resolving model (CRM). The authors first follow the analysis procedure of Warner. With the data from a nonprecipitating experiment, the authors show that the entraining-plume model cannot simultaneously predict the mean liquid water profile and cloud top height of the clouds simulated by the CRM. However, the mean properties of active elements of clouds, which are characterized by strong updrafts, can be described by an entraining plume of similar top height. With the data from a precipitating experiment, the authors examine the spec.