Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differentially Private Continual Releases of Streaming Frequency Moment Estimations

The streaming model of computation is a popular approach for working with large-scale data. In this setting, there is a stream of items and the goal is to compute the desired quantities (usually data statistics) while making a single pass through the stream and using as little space as possible. Motivated by the importance of data privacy, we develop differentially private streaming algorithms under the continual release setting, where the union of outputs of the algorithm at every timestamp must be differentially private. Specifically, we study the fundamental $\ell_p$ $(p\in [0,+\infty))$ frequency moment estimation problem under this setting, and give an $\varepsilon$-DP algorithm that achieves $(1+\eta)$-relative approximation $(\forall \eta\in(0,1))$ with $\mathrm{poly}\log(Tn)$ additive error and uses $\mathrm{poly}\log(Tn)\cdot \max(1, n^{1-2/p})$ space, where $T$ is the length of the stream and $n$ is the size of the universe of elements. Our space is near optimal up to poly-logarithmic factors even in the non-private setting. To obtain our results, we first reduce several primitives under the differentially private continual release model, such as counting distinct elements, heavy hitters and counting low frequency elements, to the simpler, counting/summing problems in the same setting. Based on these primitives, we develop a differentially private continual release level set estimation approach to address the $\ell_p$ frequency moment estimation problem. We also provide a simple extension of our results to the harder sliding window model, where the statistics must be maintained over the past $W$ data items.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Natural Language Processing of Aviation Occurrence Reports for Safety Management

Occurrence reporting is a commonly used method in safety management systems to obtain insight in the prevalence of hazards and accident scenarios. In support of safety data analysis, reports are often categorized according to a taxonomy. However, the processing of the reports can require signiﬁcant effort from safety analysts and a common problem is interrater variability in labeling processes. Also, in some cases, reports are not processed according to a taxonomy, or the taxonomy does not fully cover the contents of the documents. This paper explores various Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods to support the analysis of aviation safety occurrence reports. In particular, the problems studied are the automatic labeling of reports using a classiﬁcation model, extracting the latent topics in a collection of texts using a topic model and the automatic generation of probable cause texts. Experimental results showed that (i) under the right conditions the labeling of occurrence reports can be effectively automated with a transformer-based classiﬁer, (ii) topic modeling can be useful for ﬁnding the topics present in a collection of reports, and (iii) using a summarization model can be a promising direction for generating probable cause texts.
YOLOv6 v3.0: A Full-Scale Reloading

The YOLO community has been in high spirits since our first two releases! By the advent of Chinese New Year 2023, which sees the Year of the Rabbit, we refurnish YOLOv6 with numerous novel enhancements on the network architecture and the training scheme. This release is identified as YOLOv6 v3.0. For a glimpse of performance, our YOLOv6-N hits 37.5% AP on the COCO dataset at a throughput of 1187 FPS tested with an NVIDIA Tesla T4 GPU. YOLOv6-S strikes 45.0% AP at 484 FPS, outperforming other mainstream detectors at the same scale (YOLOv5-S, YOLOv8-S, YOLOX-S and PPYOLOE-S). Whereas, YOLOv6-M/L also achieve better accuracy performance (50.0%/52.8% respectively) than other detectors at a similar inference speed. Additionally, with an extended backbone and neck design, our YOLOv6-L6 achieves the state-of-the-art accuracy in real-time. Extensive experiments are carefully conducted to validate the effectiveness of each improving component. Our code is made available at https://github.com/meituan/YOLOv6.
A Simultaneous Dual-frequency Scintillation Arc Survey of Six Bright Canonical Pulsars Using the Upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope

We use the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) to measure scintillation arc properties in six bright canonical pulsars with simultaneous dual-frequency coverage. These observations, at frequencies from 300 to 750 MHz, allowed for detailed analysis of arc evolution across frequency and epoch. We perform more robust determinations of frequency dependence for arc curvature, scintillation bandwidth, and scintillation timescale, and comparison between arc curvature and pseudo-curvature than allowed by single-frequency-band-per-epoch measurements, which we find to agree with theory and previous literature. We find a strong correlation between arc asymmetry and arc curvature, which we have replicated using simulations, and attribute to a bias in the Hough transform approach to scintillation arc analysis. Possible evidence for an approximately week-long timescale over which a given scattering screen dominates signal propagation was found by tracking visible scintillation arcs in each epoch in PSR J1136+1551. The inclusion of a 155-minute observation allowed us to resolve the scale of scintillation variations on short timescales, which we find to be directly tied to the amount of interstellar medium sampled over the observation. Some of our pulsars showed either consistent or emerging asymmetries in arc curvature, indicating instances of refraction across their lines of sight. Significant features in various pulsars, such as multiple scintillation arcs in PSR J1136+1551 and flat arclets in PSR J1509+5531, that have been found in previous works, were also detected. The simultaneous multiple-band observing capability of the upgraded GMRT shows excellent promise for future pulsar scintillation work.
Multilingual Detection of Check-Worthy Claims using World Languages and Adapter Fusion

Check-worthiness detection is the task of identifying claims, worthy to be investigated by fact-checkers. Resource scarcity for non-world languages and model learning costs remain major challenges for the creation of models supporting multilingual check-worthiness detection. This paper proposes cross-training adapters on a subset of world languages, combined by adapter fusion, to detect claims emerging globally in multiple languages. (1) With a vast number of annotators available for world languages and the storage-efficient adapter models, this approach is more cost efficient. Models can be updated more frequently and thus stay up-to-date. (2) Adapter fusion provides insights and allows for interpretation regarding the influence of each adapter model on a particular language. The proposed solution often outperformed the top multilingual approaches in our benchmark tasks.
Price impact in equity auctions: zero, then linear

Using high-quality data, we report several statistical regularities of equity auctions in the Paris stock exchange. First, the average order book density is linear around the auction price at the time of auction clearing and has a large peak at the auction price. While the peak is due to slow traders, the order density shape is the result of subtle dynamics. The impact of a new market order or cancellation at the auction time can be decomposed into three parts as a function of the size of the additional order: (1) zero impact, caused by the discrete nature of prices, sometimes up to a surprisingly large additional volume relative to the auction volume (2) linear impact for additional orders up to a large fraction of the auction volume (3) for even larger orders price impact is non-linear, frequently super-linear.
Designing losses for data-free training of normalizing flows on Boltzmann distributions

Generating a Boltzmann distribution in high dimension has recently been achieved with Normalizing Flows, which enable fast and exact computation of the generated density, and thus unbiased estimation of expectations. However, current implemen-tations rely on accurate training data, which typically comes from computationally expensive simulations. There is therefore a clear incentive to train models with incomplete or no data by relying solely on the target density, which can be obtained from a physical energy model (up to a constant factor). For that purpose, we analyze the properties of standard losses based on Kullback-Leibler divergences. We showcase their limitations, in particular a strong propensity for mode collapse during optimization on high-dimensional distributions. We then propose strategies to alleviate these issues, most importantly a new loss function well-grounded in theory and with suitable optimization properties. Using as a benchmark the generation of 3D molecular conﬁgurations, we show on several tasks that, for the ﬁrst time, imperfect pre-trained models can be further optimized in the absence of training data.
A New Study on a Type Iax Stellar Remnant and its Probable Association with SN 1181

We report observations and modeling of the stellar remnant and presumed double-degenerate merger of Type Iax supernova Pa 30, which is the probable remnant of SN 1181 AD. It is the only known bound stellar SN remnant and the only star with Wolf–Rayet features that is neither a planetary nebula central star nor a massive Population I progenitor. We model the unique emission-line spectrum with broad, strong O vi and O viii lines as a fast stellar wind and shocked, hot gas. Non-LTE wind modeling indicates a mass-loss rate of ∼10−6 M ⊙ yr−1 and a terminal velocity of ∼15,000 km s−1, consistent with earlier results. O viii lines indicate shocked gas temperatures of T ≃ 4 MK. We derive a magnetic field upper limit of B < 2.5 MG, below earlier suggestions. The luminosity indicates a remnant mass of 1.0–1.65 M ⊙ with ejecta mass 0.15 ± 0.05 M ⊙. Archival photometry suggests the stellar remnant has dimmed by ∼0.5 mag over 100 yr. A low Ne/O < 0.15 argues against an O-Ne white dwarf in the merger. A cold dust shell is only the second detection of dust in an SN Iax and the first of cold dust. Our ejecta mass and kinetic energy estimates of the remnant are consistent with Type Iax extragalactic sources.
An Approximate Policy Iteration Viewpoint of Actor-Critic Algorithms

In this work, we consider policy-based methods for solving the reinforcement learning problem, and establish the sample complexity guarantees. A policy-based algorithm typically consists of an actor and a critic. We consider using various policy update rules for the actor, including the celebrated natural policy gradient. In contrast to the gradient ascent approach taken in the literature, we view natural policy gradient as an approximate way of implementing policy iteration, and show that natural policy gradient (without any regularization) enjoys geometric convergence when using increasing stepsizes. As for the critic, we consider using TD-learning with linear function approximation and off-policy sampling. Since it is well-known that in this setting TD-learning can be unstable, we propose a stable generic algorithm (including two specific algorithms: the $\lambda$-averaged $Q$-trace and the two-sided $Q$-trace) that uses multi-step return and generalized importance sampling factors, and provide the finite-sample analysis. Combining the geometric convergence of the actor with the finite-sample analysis of the critic, we establish for the first time an overall $\mathcal{O}(\epsilon^{-2})$ sample complexity for finding an optimal policy (up to a function approximation error) using policy-based methods under off-policy sampling and linear function approximation.
The Results of Search for the Neutrino Magnetic Moment in GEMMA Experiment

The result of the neutrino magnetic moment measurement at the Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP) with GEMMA spectrometer is presented. The antineutrino-electron scattering is investigated. A high-purity germanium detector with a mass of 1.5 kg placed at a distance of 13.9 m from the 3 reactor core is exposed to the antineutrino flux of 1/cm2/s. The recoil electron spectra taken in 18134 and 4487 hours for the reactor ON and OFF periods are compared. The upper limit for the neutrino magnetic moment at 90% C.L. is derived from the data processing.
Introduction to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Volume 1: Plasma Physics, Second Edition

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Coupled flows and oscillations in asymmetric rotating plasmas

Nonlinear coupling among the radial, axial, and azimuthal flows in an asymmetric cold rotating plasma is considered nonperturbatively. Exact solutions describing an expanding or contracting plasma with oscillations are then obtained. It is shown that despite the flow asymmetry the energy in the radial and axial flow components can be transferred to the azimuthal component but not the vice versa, and that flow oscillations need not be accompanied by density oscillations.
Nonlinear Dynamics and Modeling of Various Wooden Toys with Impact and Friction

In this paper, we study bifurcations in systems with impact and friction, modeled with a rigid multibody approach. Knowledge from the field of nonlinear dynamics is therefore combined with theory from the field of non-smooth mechanics. We study the nonlinear dynamics of three commercial wooden toys. The toys show complex dynamical behavior but can be studied with one-dimensional maps, which allows for a thorough analysis of the bifurcations.
‘The Left will find that it has bought a Trojan Horse’: The dialectics of universal basic income

Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in basic income proposals. While this is not an entirely new phenomenon, what is different about the current discourse is the Left’s wholehearted embrace of what has traditionally been seen as a conservative social policy in Britain. It is my contention that UBI is potentially a dangerous policy for the Left, in that it risks undermining the – admittedly imperfect – welfare protections already in existence. This paper draws on Marxist political economy in order to demonstrate how the emancipatory potential of UBI has been somewhat overstated by some of its Leftist supporters, while a discussion of the neutrality of the State is important in considering how this ‘shape-shifting social policy' is likely to be implemented in practice.
Spectral analysis of the evolution of energy-containing eddies

Abstract Energy-containing eddies (energy-eddies) are the elementary structures of wall turbulence that carry most of the kinetic energy and momentum. Despite the consensus that energy-eddies can self-sustain at each relevant length scale, their precise origin and spatial evolution are currently not well understood. In this study, we examine the spatial evolution of energy-eddies by quenching them at the inflow of a turbulent channel flow. Our study shows that the eddies involved in the energy cascade cannot be sustained without the energy-eddies. The streamwise velocity spectra of the evolving flow start to recover at a spanwise wavelength of $\lambda _z^+ \simeq 100$, equal to the near-wall spacing of streaks in the buffer layer located at $y^+ \simeq 15$, whereas there are no active vortical motions in the streamwise vorticity spectra until the energy at the streak location is re-established. Hence, the present study demonstrates that in a spatially evolving flow, the formation of near-wall streaks is the primary process necessary in the recovery of energy-eddies.
Numerical studies on detonation propagation in inhomogeneous mixtures with periodic reactant concentration gradient

Abstract In detonation engines and accidental explosions, a detonation may propagate in an inhomogeneous mixture with non-uniform reactant concentration. In this study, one- and two-dimensional simulations are conducted for detonation propagation in hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures with periodic sinusoidal or square wave distribution of the reactant concentration. The objective is to assess the properties of detonation propagation in such inhomogeneous mixtures. Specifically, detonation quenching and reinitiation, cellular structure, cell size and detonation speed deficit are investigated. It is found that there exists a critical amplitude of the periodic mixture composition distribution, above which the detonation quenches. When the amplitude is below the critical value, detonation quenching and reinitiation occur alternately. A double cellular structure consisting of substructures and a large-scale structure is found for a two-dimensional detonation propagating in inhomogeneous mixtures with a periodic reactant concentration gradient. The detonation reinitiation process and the formation of the double cellular structure are interpreted. To quantify the properties of detonation propagation in different inhomogeneous mixtures, the large cell size, critical amplitude, transition distance and detonation speed deficit are compared for hydrogen/air without and with nitrogen dilution and for periodic sine wave and square wave distributions of the reactant concentration. The large-scale cell size is found to be linearly proportional to the wavelength, and both the critical amplitude and the transition distance decrease with the wavelength. The small detonation speed deficit is shown to be due to the incomplete combustion of the reactant. This work provides helpful understanding of the features of detonation propagation in inhomogeneous mixtures.
Travelers’ malaria-related knowledge, attitudes and behavior on the north coast of Peru

Introduction: An increase in interprovincial travel has been registered annually during the last decade on the north and northeast coast of Peru, resulting in the spread of vector-borne diseases such as malaria. Therefore, travelers using interprovincial transport should be informed about the impact of infectious diseases in endemic regions and be aware of the risk of acquiring a travel-related condition. Objective: Examine travelers' malaria-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2019 of a random sample of individuals who attended bus stations classed as areas with a higher risk of malaria selected at random in Chiclayo, Peru. The study was conducted reliably through a survey consisting of 29 questions: 18 about knowledge and 11 about attitudes. Results: Of the 250 participants in the study, knowledge was found to be good in 29.13%, practices in 14.74%, and attitudes in 18.33%. People with a higher education degree had a better level of knowledge and attitudes. Also, 60 people were asked about their self-perception of knowledge about malaria and
? A personality perspective on majority-group

Acculturation is commonly conceptualized as a two-way process in which all groups involved in intercultural contact change. Yet, very little is known about the acculturation orientations of majority-group members and the factors that differentiate those who adopt aspects of minority groups’ culture from those who reject them. In the present research, we for the first time aimed to answer this question from a personality perspective. A total of 301 White majority-group members living in the U.S. first completed a personality assessment and then indicated the extent to which they maintained their own culture and adopted the culture of ethnic minority groups. Our analytic approach combined top-down variable-centered and bottom-up person-centered analyses. In terms of variable-centered analyses, participants who adopted the culture of minority groups scored lower on conscientiousness and higher on openness. Moreover, adoption of minority-group cultures was positively associated with the personality facets sociability and inquisitiveness, and negatively with modesty and prudence. In terms of person-centered analyses, four acculturation clusters emerged, resembling strategies commonly observed among minority groups: marginalization, separation, integration and a diffuse strategy in which participants scored around the midpoint on own culture maintenance as well as minority culture adoption. Interestingly, especially this diffuse cluster differed from the other clusters on personality traits and facets, with participants tending to be more open than integrated and separated individuals, and less conscientious than separated individuals. The present report suggests that personality traits may help explain how majority-group members acculturate and highlights avenues for future research.
On the dependence of analytic solutions of partial differential equations on the right-hand side

Given a nonzero polynomial P(z) a ,,,,? m a0z0 on CN, Martineau proved in the 1960s that for each convex domain G of CN the partial differential operator P(D)f = EaI<m aa0f(c) acting on the Frechet space A(G) of all analytic functions on G is surective. In the present paper it is investigated whether solutions f of the equation P(D)f = g can be chosen as f = R(g) with a continuous linear operator R: A(G) A(G) . For bounded G we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of such an R.
Self-efficacy for weight control and quality of life in Mexican patients with hemophilia

Introduction: Perceived self-efficacy is closely related to an adequate quality of life en general well-being of people, but few studies have studied this relationship in people with hemophilia. Objective: To determine the degree of relationship between perceived self-efficacy for weight control and quality of life in people with and without hemophilia, comparing both variables in case-control groups. Methods: The sample made up, for convenience, of 40 participants, with two matched groups. The group of cases consisted of 20 males between 19 and 24 years of age (M = 19.50, SD = 1.47