Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Monitoring Requests on Publics’ Assignment of Blame and Praise towards ADS Level 3 Vehicles

As vehicle automation capabilities increase, driving control shifts from the human to the vehicle system. However, concerns arise regarding responsibility following critical events and the publics’ trust and acceptance of vehicles equipped with automated driving systems (ADS). The current study examined how participants assigned blame and praise to ADS-equipped vehicles and human drivers following collisions or near-misses and how these attributions were impacted by a virtual driving assistant that administered monitoring requests. Based on literature, our primary hypothesis was that more blame would be assigned to the human and more praise assigned to the ADS when the driving assistant was present. Additionally, we hypothesized greater reported trust towards ADS-equipped vehicles when the driving assistant was present. Participants read vignettes of automated driving, watched corresponding videos, and then self-reported trust, acceptance, anthropomorphism, and assignment of blame and praise. All hypotheses were supported indicating that significant effects were observed: participants assigned greater blame to the human when asked to actively monitor the driving environment and assigned greater praise to the ADS when it alerted the human driver. Additionally, participants reported greater trust and anthropomorphism of the ADS when the driving assistant was present. These findings suggest that explicitly communicating monitoring responsibility through a driving assistant significantly impacts the publics’ opinion of responsibility following critical events. These findings provide initial support for a solution to improve driver safety as well as policy implications regarding positive perceptions and the adoption of ADS-equipped vehicles.
Monogenetic volcanism in the western Arabian Peninsula: Insights from Late Quaternary eruptions in northern Harrat Rahat, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

iii Acknowledgments . vii 1. Introduction . 1 1.1. Scientific rationale and aims . 2 1.2. Thesis outline . 5 2. Geological framework . 7 2.1. Monogenetic volcanism . 7 2.2. Arabian volcanic fields or “Harrats” . 10 2.2.1. Definition of harrat . 10 2.2.2. Geological setting . 10 2.2.3. Source of the magmas . 13 2.3. Harrat Rahat . 14 2.3.1. Location and physiography . 14 2.3.2. Age and stratigraphy . 15 2.3.3. Whole-rock composition and petrography . 16 2.3.4. Physical volcanology . 18 2.4. Description of volcanic centres and their products . 20 2.4. 1. As-Sahab volcanic centre . 20 2.4. 2. Zargat Abu-Zaid volcanic centre . 20 2.4. 3. Mosawda’ah volcanic centre . 21 2.4. 4. Al-Anahi volcanic centre . 21 2.4. 5. Halat Khamisah volcanic centre . 23 2.4. 6. Five-fingers lava flow field . 23 2.4. 7. Al-Du’aythah volcanic centre . 23 2.4. 8. 1256 AD volcanic centre . 24 3. Methods . 25 3.1. Field work and sampling . 25 3.2. Whole-rock chemistry . 25 3.2.1. Sample preparation and data collection . 26 3.2.2. Data quality . 27 3.2.2.1. Pb . 29 3.3. Petrography . 29 3.4. Mineral chemistry . 30 3.4. 1. Sample preparation and data collection . 30 3.4. 2. Data quality . 30 3.5. He surface exposure dating . 30 3.5. 1. Method . 31 3.5. 2. Sample collection and preparation, and data collection . 32 3.5. 3. Data quality . 33 3.6. Petrogenetic modelling . 34 3.6. 1. Fractional crystallisation . 34 3.6. 2. Partial melting . 35
Taking account of special values in the coupe planning process - an example from the southern forests of Tasmania

Although hundreds of forestry coupe plans are prepared each year in Tasmania, little information is made public about the complexity of the planning process. In this paper we detail the steps taken to design the harvest plan for a coupe in the wet southern forests of the Huon River catchment, Tasmania. The plan was designed not only to protect streams at risk of erosion, but also to protect the nesting site of wedgetailed eagles. The coupe plan changed from an initial concept of clearfelling 57 ha to a proposal to harvest four separate areas, the largest of which was 32 ha and the smallest 3 ha. Informal reserves reduced the originally proposed harvest area by 29%, and the harvest area was extended by adding area from adjacent coupes to restore a viable operation. The proposed conversion of native forest to plantation was changed to native forest harvest followed by regeneration to native forest in order to minimise risks to a fish farm downstream. Although the revised harvest plan was designed to produce a better long-term environmental outcome for streams and fauna, it made fire management for regeneration more difficult and increased the risk of fire escape, as the fragmentation of harvest areas doubled the perimeter:harvest area ratio compared to the original coupe plan. The overall result of the harvest was a patchwork of harvested and unharvested areas resembling
Death Immortalized: The Phenomenology of Social Media Mourning Among Filipino Millennials

Grieving and mourning in death evolved from traditional to digital and in varying age-groups, the grieving process is expressed in diverse ways. The existing literature shows little digital mourning, especially in the Filipino culture context. Thus, this phenomenological study aims to describe digitalized mourning through social media platforms to process the grief of millennial participants (24–42 years old), from the Philippines. The narratives were analyzed through thematic analysis via a repertory grid and rendered the H.E. R.O. model of social media mourning ( Helping and Hurting, Enriching and Encroaching, Relieving and Reliving, and Obtaining and Obscuring) that characterizes online mourning demonstrated by Filipino millennials. The findings have important implications for individuals, families, and communities as they navigate the challenges of grief and loss in the digital age. This research contributes to the growing Filipino research on death and dying, specific in age groups, as most beneficial to gerontological psychology, developmental psychology, and clinical psychology.
Decade-Long Analysis: Unravelling the Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of PM10 Concentrations in Malaysian Borneo

High levels of particulate matter in the air, caused by air pollution from neighbouring countries, have always been a major problem in Malaysia. For many years, Malaysia has experienced a hazy atmosphere due to high levels of particulate matter (PM 10 ) from regional biomass burning and other human activities. This study aims to analyse the changes in PM 10 levels over time in Malaysian Borneo. Data collected from air quality monitoring stations over a 10-year period (2006 – 2016) were obtained from the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE). Statistical analyses were conducted using the Mann Kendall test to examine trends in PM 10 concentrations. The study divided Sabah and Sarawak into three regions: Northern Malaysian Borneo, Central Malaysian Borneo, and Southern Malaysian Borneo. Throughout the studied period, the highest levels of PM 10 were primarily found in Southern Malaysian Borneo, with the highest concentration recorded in Sibu (434.38 µ g m – 3 ). The monitoring stations in Miri, Limbang, and Kota Kinabalu showed an increasing pollution trend, while Kuching, Sri Aman, Bintulu, Kapit, Sandakan, Tawau, and Keningau showed a significant decreasing trend. No significant trend was observed in Kota Samarahan and Sarikei. The highest annual PM 10 exceedances, surpassing the Recommended Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guideline (RMAAQG) of 150 µ g m – 3 , occurred in 2015 and 2009 with 80 and 65 days respectively in 2006. Biomass burning is identified as the primary source of emissions, contributing to the significant monthly and seasonal variations in this region. Meteorological conditions and the El Niño phenomenon were observed to exert a significant influence on the concentration and distribution of PM 10 in this area. In order to improve air quality in Malaysian Borneo, it is necessary to take a multifaceted approach encompassing source emissions reduction, inter-country collaboration, region-wide strategies for land and forest management improvement, and reinforced cooperation on pollution monitoring, reporting and reduction efforts
Long-Term Health-Related Quality of Life (QOL) after Paediatric Spinal Deformity Surgery and Comparison with the General Population

QOL questionnaires assess patients’ perception on surgical outcomes. We reviewed 1354 patients with spinal deformity. Four hundred and twenty-eight patients had >10 years of follow-up. The SRS-22r questionnaire was completed before surgery, at 6/12/24 months, 5–10 years and >10 years postoperatively. Patients with >10 years of follow-up completed the EQ-5D VAS/index and the VAS for back/leg pain. We used QOL data reporting in the general population of 20–29 and 30–39 years of age to compare against our patient cohort. Among the patients, 993 had AIS, 80 congenital scoliosis, 102 syndromic or secondary scoliosis, 105 Scheuermann kyphosis and 40 low-grade and 34 high-grade spondylolisthesis. SRS-22r total and domain scores improved from preoperative to follow-up in all diagnosis categories. At >10 years after surgery, patients with congenital scoliosis and Scheuermann kyphosis had better SRS-22r total/domain and EQ-5D (index/VAS) scores along with lower VAS back/leg pain scores compared to the other groups. Patients with congenital scoliosis and Scheuermann kyphosis had comparable SRS-22r total/domain, EQ-5D (index/VAS) and VAS back/leg pain scores to the general population in the 20–29 year category and better scores than the 30–39 year group. Patients with AIS, syndromic/secondary scoliosis and low/high-grade spondylolisthesis had reduced SRS-22r total/domain and EQ-5D (index/VAS) scores and higher VAS back/leg pain scores compared to the 20–29 year group but comparable scores to the 30–39 year group. Patients with spinal deformity reported improved QOL and high satisfaction after surgery which was maintained at >10 years of follow-up. Patients with congenital scoliosis and Scheuermann kyphosis had better QOL outcomes (comparable to the general population of similar age) as opposed to other types of scoliosis or lumbosacral spondylolisthesis.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Financial Leverage, Kepemilikan Publik, dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Perataan Laba

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat adanya pengaruh dari profitabilitas, financial leverage, kepemilikan publik, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap perataan laba. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan yang didapat melalui website Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor properti dan real estate yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2016 – 2019. Pemilihan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan menghasilkan 29 perusahaan sebagai sampel yang diteliti. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis regresi logistik.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas berpengaruh negatif terhadap perataan laba. Ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap perataan laba. Sedangkan, financial leverage dan kepemilikan publik tidak berpengaruh terhadap perataan laba.
Enhancement of Liver Targetability through Statistical Optimization and Surface Modification of Biodegradable Nanocapsules Loaded with Lamivudine

The intention of the current work was to develop and optimize the formulation of biodegradable polymeric nanocapsules for lamivudine (LMV) in order to obtain desired physical characteristics so as to have improved liver targetability. Nanocapsules were prepared in this study as aqueous-core nanocapsules (ACNs) with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) using a modified multiple emulsion technique. LMV was taken as a model drug to investigate the potential of ACNs developed in this work in achieving the liver targetability. Three formulations factors were chosen and 33 factorial design was adopted. The selected formulation factors were optimized statistically so as to have the anticipated characteristics of the ACNs viz. maximum entrapment efficiency, minimum particle size, and less drug release rate constant. The optimized LMV-ACNs were found to have 71.54 ± 1.93% of entrapment efficiency and 288.36 ± 2.53 nm of particle size with zeta potential of −24.7 ± 1.2 mV and 0.095 ± 0.006 h−1 of release rate constant. This optimized formulation was subjected to surface modification by treating with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), which increased the zeta potential to a maximum of −41.6 ± 1.3 mV at a 6 mM concentration of SLS. The results of in vivo pharmacokinetics from blood and liver tissues indicated that hepatic bioavailability of LMV was increased from 13.78 ± 3.48 μg/mL ∗ h for LMV solution to 32.94 ± 5.12 μg/mL ∗ h for the optimized LMV-ACNs and to 54.91 ± 6.68 μg/mL ∗ h for the surface-modified LMV-ACNs.
Rathke’s cleft cysts causing Cushing’s disease: Two unique cases and review of the literature

Background: The presentation of isolated Rathke’s cleft cysts (RCC) without any associated pituitary adenoma in patients with symptoms consistent with Cushing’s disease (CD) remains exceedingly rare. As such, we aim to present two cases of RCC presenting with CD with a resultant resolution of their CD following surgical resection. Case Description: Here, we present two cases of RCCs presenting with symptoms suggestive of CD. A functional pituitary microadenoma was the presumed diagnosis based on initial clinical presentation and diagnostic imaging suggesting a pituitary lesion. However, pathology results demonstrated no evidence of adenoma but cysts lined with columnar epithelia consistent with RCC. Complete surgical resection was achieved in both patients through endoscopic endonasal pituitary resection with postoperative symptomatic resolution and normalization of cortisol levels. In addition, we discuss the literature on this rare presentation and suggest a pathological mechanism for this unique presentation of RCC-causing CD. Conclusion: Surgical resection of RCC may provide a “biochemical cure” for patients presenting with CD, as demonstrated by these two unique cases. The clinical features, histological findings, and possible pathological mechanisms for this unique presentation of RCC causing CD discussed lay the groundwork for future studies into the pathophysiology of RCC and CD.
A model for possible crustal deformation prior to a coming large interplate earthquake in the Tokai district, central Japan

We perform numerical simulations of a seismic cycle by applying a laboratory-derived friction law to evaluate possible crustal deformations prior to the hypothesized Tokai earthquake, which is expected to occur in the near future along the Suruga trough, central Japan. The frictional force obeying a rate- and state-dependent friction law is assumed to act on the plate interface in a 2D model of the subduction zone. We test two versions of the friction law: the so-called slowness version and the slip version. We select model parameters on the basis of historical documents about past large earthquakes in the Tokai district and the present coupling state of the plate interface beneath the Tokai district estimated by GPS observations. Simulation results for both the slowness and the slip version are as follows: (1) The coupling region of the plate interface becomes narrower with time in the interseismic period. (2) The inland crust contracts at a nearly constant rate for most of the interseismic period. The contraction rate decreases or a change from contraction to extension takes place before the occurrence of a large interplate earthquake. (3) Significant abnormal crustal deformation precedes the earthquake, and maximum amplitudes about one day before the earthquake exceed the noise levels in the case of clear weather of borehole strainmeters installed in the Tokai district. (4) The spatiotemporal variation of aseismic sliding on the plate interface perturbs the regional stress field around the source volume of the coming earthquake, leading possibly to precursory seismic quiescence in the overriding plate and a change in focal mechanisms of small earthquakes in the subducting slab. The most significant difference in the results between the slowness version and the slip version of the friction law is that amplitudes of preslip and crustal deformation just before earthquakes are several times larger for the slowness version than for the slip version. Although some ambiguity remains in the present model mainly because of the incompleteness of the friction law and the deficiency of observational data constraining model parameters, the physical model can be improved through the comparison of predicted crustal deformation with observations. Continuous and concentrated observations of crustal deformation and seismic activity are thus important in the Tokai district to understand quantitatively the sliding process preceding a large interplate earthquake there.
EFFECTS OF BENTHIC HABITAT RESTORATION ON NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM IN THREE HEADWATER STREAMS

The assemblage of stream habitat types can drive biofilm composition and activity in headwater streams, thereby influencing rates of ecosystem function. However, the influence of human‐induced alterations to the distribution of benthic habitat such as construction, land‐use changes and restoration on biofilm‐mediated processes has not been well studied. We measured nutrient uptake of ammonium, nitrate and phosphate, as well as gross primary production and community respiration in three streams in Michigan, USA, each with an upstream reference and a downstream restored reach. The restoration included a 10‐m sediment trap, paired with 40–60 m of gravel and boulder added downstream and designed to retain sediment, stabilize banks and provide spawning habitat for trout. We sampled four times in the six stream reaches from May 2006 to September 2007. Across streams, restored reaches reflected the structural manipulation with increased predominance of coarse inorganic sediments, higher gas exchange rate and increased transient storage. However, nutrient uptake and community respiration rates were different between reaches at only one site. The ecosystem response by this stream was driven by the large differences in coarse inorganic habitat between reference and restored reaches. We conclude that restorations of benthic habitat which are visually conspicuous, such as creation of settling pools and gravel‐filled reaches, did not universally affect stream ecosystem function. Initial conditions and magnitude of change may be key factors to consider in explaining functional responses, and predicting the influence of habitat restoration on ecosystem function remains a challenge. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Three Brown Algae Bifurcaria Bifurcata, Cystoseira Gibraltarica and Fucus Spiralis

In recent years, scientists have become interested in marine macroalgae, which represent a rich source of bioactive substances. These molecules are characterized by a multitude of forms and structures and have several biological activities. The present study aims to characterize the three brown algae Bifurcaria bifurcata, Cystoseira gibraltarica and Fucus spiralis. These were collected in the region of Cap Ghir north of Agadir. The results obtained show that the mineral analyses of the extracts of F. spiralis, B. bifurcata and C. gibraltarica highlighted the richness of these brown algae in macroelements (Ca, K, P, Na, N). Concerning the total sugar content of C. gibraltarica shows a significant difference with the other two algae B. bifurcata and F. spiralis and has the highest content. For the protein content, no significant difference was recorded between the three algal extracts. Indeed, the aqueous extract of C. gibraltarica has a protein content of 48.44 mg/g DM, the aqueous extract of F. spiralis showed an average protein content of 45.55 mg/g DM, and that of the aqueous extract of B. bifurcata is 44.03 mg/g DM. The three brown algae C. gibraltarica, B. bifurcata and F. spiralis have consistent levels of organic matter. F. spiralis and C. gibraltarica have significantly equivalent organic matter contents (73.74 and 73.44 g/100g DM, respectively). In this study, the analysis of total phenols shows that F. spiralis presents a significant difference with the two other algae and has the highest content (7.2 µg/mg dry matter). In general and whatever the method of flavonoid determination, the flavonoid content of the three algae is significantly different. The methanolic extract of F. spiralis shows the highest flavonoid content, followed by B. bifurcata. While the lowest content is presented with the methanolic extract of C. gibraltarica. The results of the antioxidant potential using DPPH reveal a significant difference between the three algae. Indeed, the extracts of the analyzed algae present an antioxidant activity varying between 33.61 and 88.3%, with a high antioxidant potential (88.3%) for F. spiralis and thus an important capacity to trap the DPPH radical. These three studied brown algae represent a promising source of biologically active molecules that can be used in several fields such as organic agriculture.
Flow structures and hydrodynamic force during sediment entrainment

An experimental investigation of the role of coherent structures and their effect on hydrodynamic forces responsible for inception of sediment motion has been carried out using a laboratory flume. Two types of experiments, namely, movable and fixed ball, were conducted using spherical roughness element beds with particle image velocimetry used to measure the instantaneous flow velocity field. Movable ball experiments revealed the predominance of large sweep structures at the instant of entrainment for both shielded and exposed particles. Fixed ball experiments involving simultaneous measurements of hydrodynamic forces and velocity on the particle at entrainment conditions revealed the significance of impulse in initiating sediment entrainment such that an optimum combination of force and duration is required to produce the threshold impulse. Short‐duration lift forces of magnitudes greater than the submerged weight are thought to be responsible for partial lifting of the completely shielded particle. Quadrant analysis and probability distribution function plots of the dominant hydrodynamic force reveal the higher probability of occurrence of high‐magnitude force induced by sweep (Q4) events.
‘Challenging’ doesn’t sum it up: Exploring probation practitioners’ experiences managing high-risk individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has been, and still is, a worldwide health crisis. Despite the surge of literature on this phenomenon, little research has been conducted with the Probation Service during this time. The aim of this research was to explore Probation Practitioners’ (PPs’) experiences of the COVID-19 restrictions with a specific focus on those who access the Psychologically Informed Consultation Service (PICS). Further, to explore the experiences of key aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of the Community Offender Personality Disorder Service. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 PPs who represented a broad cross-section in terms of age and years of experience in the role. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to explore the experiences of PPs and revealed 5 main themes: unmet support needs, problematic working environments, an emotionally distressing time, the use of PICS, and a silver lining. These findings are discussed with implications for further research.