Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of microwave brightness temperatures of an evolving hailstorm at SSM/I frequencies

A simulation of the appearance of an intense hailstorm in the passive microwave spectrum is conducted in order to characterize the vertical sources of radiation that contribute to the top-of-atmosphere microwave brightness temperatures (TB) which can be measured by satellite-borne radiometers. The study focuses on four frequencies corresponding to those used on the USAF Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), a recently launched payload flown on the U.S. Air Force DMSP satellites. Computation of the microwave brightness temperatures is based on a vertically, angularly, and spectrally detailed radiative transfer scheme that has been applied to the highly resolved thermodynamical and microphysical output from the three-dimensional Colorado State University (CSU) Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). The RAMS model was used to carry out a 4-h simulation of an intense hailstorm that occurred on 11 July 1986 in the vicinity of Eldridge, Alabama. Initial conditions for the cloud model run were developed.
Sinapic Acid Co-Amorphous Systems with Amino Acids for Improved Solubility and Antioxidant Activity

The objective of this study was to obtain co-amorphous systems of poorly soluble sinapic acid using amino acids as co-formers. In order to assess the probability of the interaction of amino acids, namely, arginine, histidine, lysine, tryptophan, and proline, selected as co-formers in the amorphization of sinapic acid, in silico studies were carried out. Sinapic acid systems with amino acids in a molar ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 were obtained using ball milling, solvent evaporation, and freeze drying techniques. X-ray powder diffraction results confirmed the loss of crystallinity of sinapic acid and lysine, regardless of the amorphization technique used, while remaining co-formers produced mixed results. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed that the co-amorphous sinapic acid systems were stabilized through the creation of intermolecular interactions, particularly hydrogen bonds, and the potential formation of salt. Lysine was selected as the most appropriate co-former to obtain co-amorphous systems of sinapic acid, which inhibited the recrystallization of sinapic acid for a period of six weeks in 30 °C and 50 °C. Obtained co-amorphous systems demonstrated an enhancement in dissolution rate over pure sinapic acid. A solubility study revealed a 12.9-fold improvement in sinapic acid solubility after introducing it into the co-amorphous systems. Moreover, a 2.2-fold and 1.3-fold improvement in antioxidant activity of sinapic acid was observed with respect to the ability to neutralize the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and to reduce copper ions, respectively.
A Review of Literature on the Usage of Low-Cost Sensors to Measure Particulate Matter

With advances in technological sciences, individuals can utilize low-cost air monitoring sensors to record air quality at homes, schools, and businesses. Air quality data collected from LCSs are publicly accessible, informing the community of the air quality around them. It is important to measure local and regional particulate matter (PM) concentrations to keep the public involved, especially those with specific health concerns, such as asthma, wheezing, and seasonal allergies. The number of studies involving the use of LCSs to evaluate PM levels is increasing with more manufacturers producing ‘easy to use’ LCSs targeting the public. The goal of this review is to understand and incorporate the findings from studies using LCSs to analyze PM of various sizes, i.e., PM1, PM2.5, PM4, and PM10. This review integrates analyses from 51 different studies in 14 countries, including the U.S. The findings indicate spatial heterogeneity in the PM concentrations across a region. Some of the low-cost sensor manufacturers mentioned in these studies include Plantower, AQMesh, Alpha-sense, PurpleAir, E-MOTEs, and Shinyei. This review emphasizes the importance of LCSs in the field of PM monitoring and its potential to inform the public about their exposure burden, and to aid state and federal decision makers in formulating policies for mitigating the effects of PM pollution in any urban or rural setting.
Enhancing Hydrogen Sulfide Detection at Room Temperature Using ZIF-67-Chitosan Membrane

Developing new materials for energy and environment-related applications is a critical research field. In this context, organic and metal–organic framework (MOF) materials are a promising solution for sensing hazardous gases and saving energy. Herein, a flexible membrane of the zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF-67) mixed with a conductivity-controlled chitosan polymer was fabricated for detecting hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas at room temperature (RT). The developed sensing device remarkably enhances the detection signal of 15 ppm of H2S gas at RT (23 °C). The response recorded is significantly higher than previously reported values. The optimization of the membrane doping percentage achieved exemplary results with respect to long-term stability, repeatability, and selectivity of the target gas among an array of several gases. The fabricated gas sensor has a fast response and a recovery time of 39 s and 142 s, respectively, for 15 ppm of H2S gas at RT. While the developed sensing device operates at RT and uses low bias voltage (0.5 V), the requirement for an additional heating element has been eliminated and the necessity for external energy is minimized. These novel features of the developed sensing device could be utilized for the real-time detection of harmful gases for a healthy and clean environment.
HOW TO DEVELOP AN E-LKPD WITH A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO ACHIEVING STUDENTS' MATHEMATICAL COMMUNICATION ABILITIES?

This research aims to look into the growth and effectiveness of E-LKPD on the mathematical communication skills of seventh-grade junior high school students. The design research development study was used. This study is divided into two parts: preliminary (preliminary study and design of E-LKPD) and formative evaluation (evaluation and revision). The research subjects included 49 SMP Negeri 3 Ngamprah's class VIII students. The research instrument had interview sheets, expert validation sheets, observation sheets, student response questionnaires, and five questions about mathematical communication skills. Lines and angles were used in this study as the material. Data processing techniques in the development process use the Likert Scale type of measurement scale to calculate the percentage of each indicator with the help of Canva and test the effectiveness of the E-LKPD using Inferential Statistics with the Wilcoxon test with the help of SPSS. According to the study's findings, the feasibility of LKPD is Eligible. The study's results also show that an E-LKPD influences students' mathematical communication abilities, indicating that the developed E-LKPD has effectiveness.
Third-Order Upwind Finite Element Simulation of Flow Around Two Square Cylinders

The aerodynamic behavior of the flow around two square cylinders is presented on the basis of the numerical simulation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using a third-order upwind finite element scheme. It is well known that flow patterns around the two square cylinders are more complicated than flow patterns around one square cylinder because of interference between the Karman vortices behind the two square cylinders. In this paper, two kinds of cylinder arrangements are chosen as computational models. One type is that of two square cylinders arranged vertically to the direction of a uniform flow, and the other is arranged horizontally to the direction of a uniform flow.
A comparison of optimization techniques for Loney's solenoids design: an alternative Tabu Search algorithm

A global optimization procedure based on Tabu Search metaheuristic is applied to solve electromagnetic inverse problems. In particular, some benchmark problems have been considered consisting of designing systems of Loney's solenoids. The results obtained implementing different Tabu Search strategies are compared to those presented in the literature. The comparison shows that the optimality of the solutions can be noticeably improved without increasing the computational effort. Moreover, the importance of using hybrid heuristics has been highlighted in the case of difficult problems.
Determination of Shelf-Life of New Satsuma (Rize) Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Cultivar Candidates Obtained by Clonal Selection

Satsuma (Rize Mandarin) is Türkiye's most widely produced and exported mandarin variety. Due to its early ripeness and seedlessness, Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) is a popular citrus fruit in domestic and foreign markets. The present study was conducted at Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture in 2020-2021 to determine the shelf-life of satsuma mandarin genotypes obtained as a result of clone selection carried out in Rize province and its districts. The harvested mandarin variety candidates were pomologically analyzed and stored in an environment containing 15°C ± 1 temperature and 55-60% humidity. The changes in fruit weight (g), fruit yield (%), rind thickness (mm), total soluble solid (%, TSS), and titratable acid (%, TA) content were examined at one-week intervals during the storage period. It was determined that weight loss (%) and TSS (%) increased steadily, while fruit juice content (%), rind thickness (mm), and titratable acid (%) decreased steadily during storage in all genotypes and control. Also, the differences detected in terms of the properties examined were lower on days 7 and 14 than the initial value, whereas they were higher on days 21. As a result of the findings, it was determined that the quality losses of mandarin genotypes showed differences during the shelf-life, but they could be stored for 14 days without much loss in quality.
Proving the Superiority of Intraoperative Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring over Visualization Alone during Thyroidectomy

Vocal fold paralysis after thyroid surgery is still a dangerous complication that significantly reduces patients’ quality of life. Since the intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) technique has been introduced and standardized, the most frequently asked question is whether its use has significantly reduced the rate of RLN injury during thyroid surgery compared to visual identification alone (VA). The aim of this study was to attempt to prove the superiority of IONM over VA of the RLN during thyroid surgery in the prevention of vocal fold paralysis, taking into account risk factors for complications. The medical records of 711 patients (1265 recurrent laryngeal nerves at risk of injury) were analyzed retrospectively: in 257 patients/469 RLNs at risk, thyroid surgery was performed with IONM; in 454 patients/796 RLNs at risk, surgery was performed with VA. The statistical analysis showed that in the group of patients with IONM only one risk factor—the surgeon’s experience—proved statistically significant (OR = 3.27; p = 0.0478) regarding the overall risk of vocal fold palsy. In the group of patients where only visualization was used, 5 of the 12 factors analyzed were statistically significant: retrosternal goiter (OR = 2.23; p = 0.041); total thyroid volume (OR = 2.30; p = 0.0284); clinical diagnosis (OR = 2.5; p = 0.0669); gender (OR = 3.08; p = 0.0054) and risk stratification (OR = 3.30; p = 0.0041). In addition, the cumulative risk, taking into account the simultaneous influence of all 12 factors, was slightly higher in the group of patients in whom only VA was used during the procedure: OR = 1.78. This value was also considerably more statistically significant (p < 0.0001) than that obtained in the group of patients in whom IONM was used: OR = 1.73; p = 0.004. Conclusions: Risk factors for complications in thyroid surgery are not significant for any increase in the rate of vocal fold paralysis as long as surgery is performed with IONM, in contrast to thyroid surgery performed only with VA, thus proving the superiority of IONM over VA for safety.
Flow rate and electric current emitted by a Taylor cone

Under certain conditions, the free surface of a conducting liquid subject to an electric field elongates into a cone whose apex emits a thin stationary jet that carries an electric current. The structure of the flow in the cone-to-jet transition region is investigated here, assuming that the size of this region is small compared with any other length of the system where the conical meniscus is formed. The local problem depends then on three non-dimensional parameters, two of which are properties of the liquid while the third measures the flow rate injected through the meniscus. Numerical solutions are computed and the electric current is determined as a function of these parameters. A qualitative asymptotic analysis of the physically important limit of large non-dimensional flow rates gives an electric current increasing as the square root of the flow rate and independent of the dielectric constant of the liquid. When the inertia of the liquid is taken into account, the flow in this asymptotic limit is effectively inviscid in the bulk of the transition region, where the electric current is dominated by conduction in the liquid and the surface is close to an equipotential of the electric field in the gas. The effects of the viscosity of the liquid, the current transported by convection of the surface charge, and the electric shear at the surface come into play in a slender region of the jet. The limit of small non-dimensional flow rates is briefly discussed.
Nonthermal Mass Motions within the High-Temperature Plasmas above a Complex Solar Active Region

We report on mass motions in high-temperature plasmas at radial distances of 1.06-1.20 R☉ corresponding to 3.3 × 104-1.3 × 105 km above the west solar limb. The observations were conducted over a 53 hr time period while a complex active region moved across the west solar limb. We found that the nonthermal mass motions in the 2.6 × 106-6.6 × 106 K plasmas that were imaged along the slit were in the 20-35 km s-1 velocity range. The magnitude of the nonthermal mass motions was independent of the plasma temperature or its height above the limb. We also found that the emission measure distribution within the 2.6 × 106-6.6 × 106 K plasma regimes did not change during most of the observations, an indication that on the average the temperature distribution among the various plasma volumes along the line of sight stayed unchanged.
Persistent CD8 T Cell Marks Caused by the HCMV Infection in Seropositive Adults: Prevalence of HLA-E-Reactive CD8 T Cells

This study investigated the frequency and peptide specificity of long-lasting HCMV-specific CD8 T cells in a cohort of 120 cytomegalovirus seropositive (HCMV+) healthy carriers with the aim of deciphering the relative contribution of unconventional HLA-E- versus conventional HLA-A2-specific CD8 T cells to long-term T cell memory expansion in HCMV immunity. The presence of HCMV-specific CD8 T cells was investigated by flow cytometry using five MHC/peptide tetramer complexes (HLA-A2/pp65, HLA-A2/IE1 and three different HLA-E/UL40). Here, we report that 50% of HCMV+ healthy individuals possess HCMV-specific CD8 T cells, representing ≥0.1% of total blood CD8 T cells years post-infection. Around a third (30.8%) of individuals possess HLA-A2-restricted (A2pp65 or A2IE1) and an equal proportion (27.5%) possess an HLA-E/UL40 CD8 T response. Concomitant HLA-E- and HLA-A2-reactive CD8 T cells were frequently found, and VMAPRTLIL peptide was the major target. The frequency of HLA-E/VMAPRTLIL among total blood CD8 T cells was significantly higher than the frequency of HLA-A2pp65 T cells (mean values: 5.9% versus 2.3%, p = 0.0354). HLA-EUL40 CD8 T cells display lower TCR avidity but similar levels of CD3 and CD8 coreceptors. In conclusion, HLA-E-restricted CD8 T cells against the VMAPRTLIL UL40 peptide constitute a predominant subset among long-lasting anti-HCMV CD8 T cells.
Behavior Change Techniques Improve Adherence to Physical Activity Recommendations for Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Background Exercise and physical activity interventions improve short-term outcomes for people with metabolic syndrome, but long-term improvements are reliant on sustained adherence to lifestyle change for effective management of the syndrome. Effective ways of improving adherence to physical activity and exercise recommendations in this population are unknown. This systematic review aims to determine which interventions enhance adherence to physical activity and/or exercise recommendations for people with metabolic syndrome. Methods Electronic databases MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTdiscuss and ProQuest were searched to July 2022. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and overall certainty of evidence assessed using the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Results Four randomized controlled trials with 428 participants (mean age 49–61 years) were included. There was very low certainty evidence from two trials that goal setting interventions may improve adherence to physical activity recommendations over three to six months. There was low certainty evidence from two trials that self-monitoring and feedback interventions increased adherence to physical activity interventions over 12 months for people with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion Clinicians and researchers may consider using behavior change strategies such as goal setting, monitoring and feedback in interventions for people with metabolic syndrome to increase adherence to physical activity and exercise recommendations over 3 to 12 months, but high-quality evidence is lacking.
Examination of Some More Powerful Modifications of the Dickey–Fuller Test

Abstract. Although the t‐ratio variant of the Dickey–Fuller test is the most commonly applied unit‐root test in practical applications, it has been known for some time that readily implementable, more powerful modifications are available. We explore the large‐sample properties of five of these modified tests, and the small‐sample properties of these five plus six hybrids. As a result of this study we recommend two particular test procedures.
Modeling radiation with an efficient hybrid finite-element integral-equation waveguide mode-matching technique

A method is presented to model electromagnetic radiation, combining the finite-element technique in the penetrating portion of a three-dimensional (3-D) radiating structure with an integral equation on the outer surface of the computational domain, and with a waveguide mode-matching technique on a cross section of the feeding waveguide. The antenna can be of general shape, provided a portion of the surrounding medium up to a surface of revolution is chosen as part of the computational domain. This truncation scheme and the accurate source representation are more general than those existing in the literature for radiation modeling. An open-ended waveguide and a waveguide with a choke ring are analyzed and their radiation patterns are obtained and compared with available measurements.
Effect of gravity modulation on the stability of a horizontal double-diffusive layer

The instability characteristics of a horizontal stably stratified fluid layer being heated from below, including its subsequent nonlinear evolution under steady and modulated gravity, have been investigated by experiments and two-dimensional numerical simulations. The critical condition at instability onset is also checked using linear stability analysis. The fluid is contained in a horizontal test tank with an initial stable solute gradient and a constant-temperature gradient imposed by heating from below. Because of the non-diffusive boundaries, the vertical solute gradient slowly decreases and, eventually, the layer becomes unstable. From the time of the onset of instability, the critical solute Rayleigh number is determined. For the experiments with modulated gravity, the tank is fixed onto a platform that oscillates vertically at 1 Hz with an amplitude of 10 cm. The experiment is designed such that no internal wave mode of instability can be excited. The experimental results show that gravity modulation destabilizes the system slightly by increasing the solute Rayleigh number at onset by 8.4% and causes the oscillation frequency at onset to increase by 32.6%. Linear stability analysis and two-dimensional numerical simulations for the steady gravity case yield results that are in good agreement with the experiment. For the gravity modulation case, linear stability results do not show any effect of gravity modulation at the frequency of 1 Hz. Numerical simulation results do show increases in both the onset solute Rayleigh number and the oscillation frequency; however, their values are smaller than those obtained in the experiment. The characteristics of the internal wave mode of instability are explored by numerical simulations of a stably stratified solute fluid layer under gravity modulation. The interference effects between the internal wave mode and double-diffusive mode of instabilities are studied by imposing an adverse temperature gradient on the stratified layer.
Translating virome analyses to support biosecurity, on-farm management, and crop breeding

Virome analysis via high-throughput sequencing (HTS) allows rapid and massive virus identification and diagnoses, expanding our focus from individual samples to the ecological distribution of viruses in agroecological landscapes. Decreases in sequencing costs combined with technological advances, such as automation and robotics, allow for efficient processing and analysis of numerous samples in plant disease clinics, tissue culture laboratories, and breeding programs. There are many opportunities for translating virome analysis to support plant health. For example, virome analysis can be employed in the development of biosecurity strategies and policies, including the implementation of virome risk assessments to support regulation and reduce the movement of infected plant material. A challenge is to identify which new viruses discovered through HTS require regulation and which can be allowed to move in germplasm and trade. On-farm management strategies can incorporate information from high-throughput surveillance, monitoring for new and known viruses across scales, to rapidly identify important agricultural viruses and understand their abundance and spread. Virome indexing programs can be used to generate clean germplasm and seed, crucial for the maintenance of seed system production and health, particularly in vegetatively propagated crops such as roots, tubers, and bananas. Virome analysis in breeding programs can provide insight into virus expression levels by generating relative abundance data, aiding in breeding cultivars resistant, or at least tolerant, to viruses. The integration of network analysis and machine learning techniques can facilitate designing and implementing management strategies, using novel forms of information to provide a scalable, replicable, and practical approach to developing management strategies for viromes. In the long run, these management strategies will be designed by generating sequence databases and building on the foundation of pre-existing knowledge about virus taxonomy, distribution, and host range. In conclusion, virome analysis will support the early adoption and implementation of integrated control strategies, impacting global markets, reducing the risk of introducing novel viruses, and limiting virus spread. The effective translation of virome analysis depends on capacity building to make benefits available globally.