Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Security and privacy of collaborative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks

Collaborative spectrum sensing is regarded as a promising approach to significantly improve the performance of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. However, due to the open nature of wireless communications and the increasingly available software defined radio platforms, collaborative spectrum sensing also poses many new research challenges, especially in the aspect of security and privacy. In this article, we first identify the potential security threats toward collaborative spectrum sensing in CRNs. Then we review the existing proposals related to secure collaborative spectrum sensing. Furthermore, we identify several new location privacy related attacks in collaborative sensing, which are expected to compromise secondary users¿ location privacy by correlating their sensing reports and their physical location. To thwart these attacks, we propose a novel privacy preserving framework in collaborative spectrum sensing to prevent location privacy leaking. We design and implement a real-world testbed to evaluate the system performance. The attack experiment results show that if there is no any security guarantee, the attackers could successfully compromise a secondary user¿s location privacy at a success rate of more than 90 percent. We also show that the proposed privacy preserving framework could significantly improve the location privacy of secondary users with a minimal effect on the performance of collaborative sensing.
Constructing a large node Chow-Liu tree based on frequent itemsets

We present a novel approach to construct a kind of tree belief network, in which the "nodes" are subsets of variables of dataset. We call this large node Chow-Liu tree (LNCLT). Similar to the Chow-Liu tree (1968), the LNCLT is also ideal for density estimation and classification applications. This technique uses the concept of "frequent itemsets" as found in the database literature to guide the construction of the LNCLT. Our LNCLT has a simpler structure while it maintains a good fitness over the dataset. We detail the theoretical formulation of our approach. Moreover, based on the MNIST hand-printed digit database, we conduct a series of digit recognition experiments to verify our approach. From the result we find that both recognition rate and density estimation accuracy are improved with the LNCLT structure.
Chapter 5 Integration of Microarray and Metabolic Data

Numerous mathematical methods have been developed to reconstruct biological networks, for example gene (1,2), metabolic (3), and protein-protein (4,5) networks, from experimental data. Reconstructing pathways and networks provides a framework for predictive modeling and hypotheses testing to gain more insight into living organisms, disease mechanisms, and targeted therapeutics. A popular method used to reconstruct pathways and networks is Bayesian Network (BN) analysis. We initially evaluated this methodology against the known biochemical networks to gain confidence in the networks that are uncovered from the experimental data using BN analysis. From the metabolic data we inferred the known sub-networks, such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and urea cycles. Extending this methodology to gene networks presents unique challenges because of the size of the gene networks. One of the main shortcomings with BN learning is the computational inefficiency when applied to large number of nodes (genes), such as microarray data. Therefore, we developed approaches that identify a smaller subset of relevant genes (active pathways) for network reconstruction to circumvent the computational inefficiency.
Myofiber Damage Evaluation by Evans Blue Dye Injection

Evans blue dye (EBD) can be used in live mice to study muscle pathology or injury, including exercise‐induced muscle damage. EBD is excluded from intact cell membranes but leaks into cells, including muscle fibers, when the cell membrane is ruptured. EBD can be visualized by its autofluorescence under a fluorescence microscope. EBD‐stained myofibers can be quantified from microscope images of muscle cross‐sections. These myofibers are often in clusters that lend themselves to morphometric analysis. When the damaged myofibers are interspersed among intact myofibers, however, a more suitable approach is to count individual myofibers in the field of view. A much faster approach to measure EBD in muscles from different strains of mice or between treatment groups is to extract the EBD from muscle samples and quantitate it using a spectrophotometric microplate reader. The advantages and disadvantages of using each of these approaches are discussed here. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 1:463‐488 © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A new algorithm for producing quantum circuits using KAK decompositions

We provide a new algorithm that translates a unitary matrix into a quantum circuit accordingto the G = KAK theorem in Lie group theory. With our algorithm, any matrixdecomposition corresponding to type-AIII KAK decompositions can be derived according to thegiven Cartan involution. Our algorithm contains, as its special cases, CosineSine decomposition(CSD) and Khaneja-Glaser decomposition (KGD) in the sense thatit derives the same quantum circuits as the ones obtained by them if we select suitableCartan involutions and square root matrices. The selections of Cartan involutions forcomputing CSD and KGD will be shown explicitly. As an example, we show explicitlythat our method can automatically reproduce the well-known efficient quantum circuitfor the n-qubit quantum Fourier transform.
Integrating region growing and classification for segmentation and matting

This paper presents a supervised foreground segmentation method that uses local and global feature similarity with edge constraint. This framework integrates and extends the notion of region growing and classification to deal with local and global fitness. It parameterizes constraint of growing using Chebyshev's inequality. The constraint is used to stop segmentation before matting. Matting relies on both local and global information. The proposed method outperforms many of the current methods in the sense of correctness and minimal user interaction, and it does so in a reasonable computation time.
Complexity analysis and playing strategies for Ludo and its variant race games

Ludo is a 2-4 player non-deterministic race game with the objective of moving players' pieces through a designated circuit into a winning location, in accordance with die rolls. In this paper we evaluate the state-space complexity of Ludo, and propose and analyze strategies based on four basic moves. We also provide an experimental comparison of pure and mixed versions of these strategies. This research is aimed at enhancing the domain specific knowledge for Ludo and its variant race games, which can then be used for performance improvement in temporal difference learning networks or in evolutionary game analysis for race games.
The Relationship Between the Need for Closure and Support for Military Action Against Iraq: Moderating Effects of National Attachment

A variety of studies suggest that a high need for closure—that is, a desire for knowledge that is clear, stable, and unambiguous as opposed to confusing or uncertain—may be associated with greater hostility toward relevant outgroups. Using international attitudes as the context, the authors examine the hypothesis that the relationship between the need for closure and support for military action against Iraq may be moderated by identification with the national ingroup. Specifically, it is expected that this relationship will be moderated by nationalism (i.e., an aggressive form of identification based on a desire for national dominance) but not patriotism (i.e., a more neutral love of one’s country). The data provided a clear pattern of support for this hypothesis and additional analyses indicated that a high need for closure reduced variability about the use of force among the highly nationalistic but not the highly patriotic.
ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM, A NEW SOURCE OF NATURAL DYE FOR WOOL DYEING

oday, natural colorants are emerging globally due to the fact that they are safer and more environmentally-friendly. Natural dyes have been employed in dyeing Persian carpet piles for many years. In this study, the dried Achillea was used for dyeing wool yarns. The Iranian wool yarn was scoured, mordanted using Cu, Sn, Al salts and then dyed with different amounts of dried Achillea powder. Taguchi statistical method was employed to find the effective factors and results of the planned experiments, in order to optimize the dyeing factors. A L9 orthogonal array (four factors in three levels) was employed to evaluate the effects of different parameters in dyeing process. The colorimetric properties of the dyed yarns were evaluated in CIELAB system. Achillea found to have good agronomic potential as a natural dye in Iran. Dyeing with Achillea in conjunction with metal mordants showed enhancement in its fastness properties. Therefore it shows commercial capability for dyeing of wool yarns used as Persian carpet piles. Prog. Color Colorants Coat. 2(2009),8793. © Institute for Color Science and Technology.
Segmentation algorithms for extraction of identifier codes in containers

In this paper we present a study of four segmentation algorithms with the aim of extracting characters from containers. We compare their performance using images acquired under real conditions and using results of human operators as a model to check their capabilities. We modified the algorithms to adapt them to our needs. Our aim is obtaining a segmentation of the image which contains all, or as much as possible, characters of the container’s code; no matter how many other non relevant objects may appear; as irrelevant objects may be filtered out by applying other techniques afterwards. This work is part of a higher order project whose aim is the automation of the entrance gate of a port.
Least Common Subsumers and Most Specific Concepts in a Description Logic with Existential Restrictions and Terminological Cycles

Computing least common subsumers (Ics) and most specific concepts (msc) are inference tasks that can support the bottom-up construction of knowledge bases in description logics. In description logics with existential restrictions, the most specific concept need not exist if one restricts the attention to concept descriptions or acyclic TBoxes. In this paper, we extend the notions les and msc to cyclic TBoxes. For the description logic EC (which allows for conjunctions, existential restrictions, and the top-concept), we show that the les and msc always exist and can be computed in polynomial time if we interpret cyclic definitions with greatest fixpoint semantics.
Visceral and central abdominal fat and anthropometry in relation to diabetes in Asian Indians.

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine body fat distribution using computed tomography (CT), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and anthropometry in relation to type 2 diabetes in urban Asian Indians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This is a case-control study of 82 type 2 diabetic and 82 age- and sex-matched nondiabetic subjects from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study, an ongoing epidemiological study in southern India. Visceral, subcutaneous, and total abdominal fat were measured using CT, while DEXA was used to measure central abdominal and total body fat. Anthropometric measures included BMI, waist circumference, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), and waist-to-hip ratio. RESULTS Visceral and central abdominal fat showed a strong correlation with each other (P <0.0001), and kappa analysis revealed a fairly good agreement between tertiles of visceral and central abdominal fat (kappa=0.44, P <0.0001). Diabetic subjects had significantly higher visceral (P=0.005) and central abdominal (P=0.011) fat compared with nondiabetic subjects. Waist circumference and SAD showed a strong correlation with visceral (P <0.01) and central abdominal (P <0.0001) fat in both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Logistic regression analysis revealed visceral (odds ratio [OR] 1.011, P=0.004) and central abdominal (OR 1.001, P=0.013) fat to be associated with diabetes, even after adjusting for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS Visceral and central abdominal fat showed a strong association with type 2 diabetes. Both measures correlated well with each other and with waist circumference and SAD in diabetic and nondiabetic urban Asian Indians.
Combining laser range, color, and texture cues for autonomous road following

We describe results on combining depth information from a laser range-finder and color and texture image cues to segment ill-structured dirt, gravel, and asphalt roads as input to an autonomous road following system. A large number of registered laser and camera images were captured at frame-rate on a variety,of rural roads, allowing laser features such as 3-D height and smoothness to be correlated with image features such as color histograms and Gabor filter responses. A small set of road models was generated by training separate neural networks on labeled feature vectors clustered by road "type. " By first classifying the type of a novel road image, an appropriate second-stage classifier was selected to segment individual pixels, achieving a high degree of accuracy on arbitrary images from the dataset. Segmented images combined with laser range information and the vehicle's inertial navigation data were used to construct 3-D maps suitable for path planning.
Whisking, Sniffing, and the Hippocampal θ-Rhythm: A Tale of Two Oscillators

The hippocampus has unique access to neuronal activity across all of the neocortex. Yet an unanswered question is how the transfer of information between these structures is gated. One hypothesis involves temporal-locking of activity in the neocortex with that in the hippocampus. New data from the Matthew E. Diamond laboratory shows that the rhythmic neuronal activity that accompanies vibrissa-based sensation, in rats, transiently locks to ongoing hippocampal θ-rhythmic activity during the sensory-gathering epoch of a discrimination task. This result complements past studies on the locking of sniffing and the θ-rhythm as well as the relation of sniffing and whisking. An overarching possibility is that the preBötzinger inspiration oscillator, which paces whisking, can selectively lock with the θ-rhythm to traffic sensorimotor information between the rat’s neocortex and hippocampus.
Design, development and preliminary assessment of a force sensor for robotized medical applications

This paper presents the design, development and the preliminary assessment of a force sensor designed for robotized medical applications. The requirements and constraints for the force sensor are derived from the targeted application of needle insertion in the context of interventional radiology. These constraints rule out the feasibility of commercially available force sensors necessitating the design of a novel force sensor. A discussion on the various force sensing principles utilized in medical robotics and the choice of a suitable sensible principle is done. Next, the solution principles are offered for the design of the flexural element. Starting from the rigid body equivalent, a compliant model of the flexural element is obtained. Simulation using FEM analysis is utilized to verify that the force sensor indeed satisfies the requirements and the constraints of the targeted application. Finally, the calibration and the experimental validation of the force sensor prototype is done using a realistic force profile showing actual force variation during needle insertion.
Hover Pad: interacting with autonomous and self-actuated displays in space

Handheld displays enable flexible spatial exploration of information spaces -- users can physically navigate through three-dimensional space to access information at specific locations. Having users constantly hold the display, however, has several limitations: (1) inaccuracies due to natural hand tremors; (2) fatigue over time; and (3) limited exploration within arm's reach. We investigate autonomous, self-actuated displays that can freely move and hold their position and orientation in space without users having to hold them at all times. We illustrate various stages of such a display's autonomy ranging from manual to fully autonomous, which -- depending on the tasks -- facilitate the interaction. Further, we discuss possible motion control mechanisms for these displays and present several interaction techniques enabled by such displays. Our Hover Pad toolkit enables exploring five degrees of freedom of self-actuated and autonomous displays and the developed control and interaction techniques. We illustrate the utility of our toolkit with five prototype applications, such as a volumetric medical data explorer.
Multilingual and multimedia information retrieval from Web documents

Web documents present new challenges to conventional information retrieval (IR) technologies. This paper describes how these challenges are faced in FameIR, a multilingual multimedia IR shell. In this shell cross-language IR (CLIR) and query expansion are performed using EuroWordNet (EWN), the best developed and most widely used lexical resource for several languages. Techniques to extract information from Web documents, wrapper generation (WG) techniques, are used to access a finer information granularity than the whole Web page. By combining IR and WG techniques with the use of EWN, FameIR provides a powerful facility to perform CLIR from multimedia Web documents.
Approaches for Learning Constraint Dependency Grammar from Corpora

This paper evaluates two methods of learning constraint de- pendency grammars from corpora: one uses the sentences directly and the other uses subgrammar expanded sentences. Learning curves and test set parsing results show that grammars generated directly from sen- tences have a low degree of parse ambiguity but at a cost of a slow learning rate and less grammar generality. Augmenting these sentences with subgrammars dramatically improves the grammar learning rate and generality with very little increase in parse ambiguity.
Destabilization in external skeletal fixation finite element method evaluation

Summary Destabilization is a concept of pursuing gradual staged disassembly of external skeletal fixators (ESFs) intending to increase only axial loading of the fracture while controlling non-axial loading. The purpose of this study was to determine how destabilization alters loading at the fracture site. The destabilization of a Type III to a Type Ia and Ib ESF was analyzed with the Finite Element Method (FEM) for five callus stages (0%, 0.1%, 10%, 50%, 100% modulus of elasticity of intact bone) for axial compression, torsion, and bending. Axial gap strain (A) comprising the linear displacement along the longitudinal bone axis, the remaining degrees of gap strain (R) comprising all other rotational and linear displacements and the R/A ratio were calculated. In the presence of the callus stages 0% and 0.1%, the R/A ratio ranges between 0.1 and 0.3. Destabilization increases A by two to18 fold and R by five to 41 fold. In the presence of the callus stages 10%, 50% and 100%, the R/A ratio ranges between 1 and 3.2. Destabilization increases A by 2% -15%, and R by 15% -176%. A decrease in the ESF stiffness correlates with an increase of R, A and the R/A ratio. We proposed that the clinical benefits of destabilization might be mechanically based on optimization of the R/A ratio and not of axial strain.
Spectral features analysis of water quality in Baiyangdian wetland, China

Baiyangdian wetland is the largest freshwater lake in the north of China with an area of 366Km2. Recent years, the water quality of this area is degenerating. According to the field data in October 2006, the water quality belongs to organic pollution type. In September 2008, 67 water quality samples in Baiyangdian wetland were collected, with the parameters including pH, chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen (DO), blue-green algae and total dissolved solid. Evaluation result shows that Baiyangdian wetland was contaminated seriously with water quality of V grade referring to the GB3838–2002. Chlorophyll concentration in northern region is higher than that of southern region, which is up to 66.16g / L. At the same time water upwelling radiance was measured at 18 sampling stations by using field spectroradiometer (ASD FieldSpec). To contrastively analyze the characters of spectral curves of water body at different sampling points, in-situ measured spectrums are normalized. By comparing spectral curves of water, with the chlorophyll concentrations of 6.64 g / L, 20.08 g / L and 63.03 g / L respectively, it can be found that the reflectance peaks get lower in the region of 560–575nm along with the increase of chlorophyll concentrations. While at the band scope around 700nm, reflectance peaks rise as chlorophyll concentrations increasing, accompanying a ‘red shift’ of peak. Through calculating correlation coefficient between Chlorophyll-a concentration and normalized reflection of water, the highest positive correlation is 0.9133 at band of 722 nm. The bands near 550nm and 670nm show a negative relationship, while bands near 700nm represent positive correlation. These bands can be chosen for chlorophyll concentration retrieval by using remotely sensed data.
Fluid Dynamics of Coronary Artery Stenosis

A large-scale model of the coronary circulation, instrumented to permit detailed pressure and velocity measurements, has been used to study flow through isolated stenotic elements in large coronary arteries. Pulsatile aortic pressure and instantaneous peripheral resistance were simulated with servo valves. A variety of axisymmetric and asymmetric stenoses were studied and flow separation was found to occur for all but very mild stenoses. Pressure recovery downstream of the stenosis throat was limited and, in some cases, no recovery was observed. Pressure drop was primarily dependent upon the minimum area of the stenosis and relatively independent of stenosis geometry. Flow was quasi-steady at normal heart rates, and simple steady flow theory proved adequate to describe the pressure drop through the stenosis. The theory yielded results that agreed well with published data for dogs and appears promising for predicting effects of hemodynamic variables on a given stenotic lesion. Thus, principal findings of the study are that a relatively severe stenosis behaves essentially like an orifice and that a simple quasi-steady theory appears adequate to predict effects of a stenosis on coronary flow.