Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Properties and Comparison of First- and Second-Year Sea Ice Ridges

Five second-year sea ice ridges have been investigated in the Fram Strait in September 2008 for the third year. Cross sectional drillings were made with 2’’ augers in order to examine the geometry and the macroporosity of the ridges. The smallest and largest ones were respectively 3.94 m and 9 m deep. The macroporosity of the ridges was close to zero. Ice cores were sampled to establish temperature, salinity and density profiles and for further porosity calculations. Average ice density, salinity and porosity in the keel were found to be respectively 0.866 g/cm³, 2.7 psu and 18.6%. Similar investigations on a first-year sea ice ridge done in the Barents Sea in May 2008 showed that the same properties had higher values. Those ones were respectively 0.960 g/cm³, 4.46 psu and 22.7 %. The keel was 8.20 m deep at its maximum measured point. These results are used as inputs in numerical models and design codes.
Explaining Residential Energy Consumption: A Focus on Location Explaining Residential Energy Consumption: A Focus on Location and Race Differences in Natural Gas Use and Race Differences in Natural Gas Use

Researchers have long considered factors related to residential energy consumption. We contribute to this genre of work by exploring how residential location (rural-urban) and race are related to residential natural gas consumption. We also consider whether these relationships, if they exist, are functions of differences in housing characteristics, investment in energy efficiency, and weather conditions. Analyzing four waves of the Residential Energy Consumption Surveys, we find that natural gas consumption differs by residential location only to the extent that investment in energy efficiency and weather conditions are not taken into consideration. We also find race differences in natural gas consumption, with African-Americans consuming more per year than whites. African-Americans’ higher natural gas consumption persists even after the effects of housing characteristics, investment in energy efficiency, weather conditions, and other critical covariates of energy consumption are statistically held constant. More work, especially field research, is needed to understand why African-Americans consume more natural gas than other groups.
Analysis of Staying Time in Italian Agritourism Using a Analysis of Staying Time in Italian Agritourism Using a Quantitative Methodology: The Case of Latium Region Quantitative Methodology: The Case of Latium Region

The aim of this paper was to investigate and assess, using a quantitative empirical methodology, which variables influence the staying time at agritourism facilities in the Latium region of Italy. Using quantitative methodology derived from the chemical process of absorption, this case study explores the ability of a farm to absorb tourist flows. Findings point out the incidence of agritourists on the total tourism flow and the number of rooms are two variables directly correlated to the staying time. Simultaneously, the model estimated the level of “laziness” of tourists as a function of their staying time in agritourist facilties, which correlates directly with the distance to famous tourist resorts.
AND PURE SYMMETRIC AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS

Let φ : (cid:48) → (cid:48) be an automorphism of a group (cid:48) . We say that x , y ∈ (cid:48) are in the same φ -twisted conjugacy class and write x ∼ φ y if there exists an element γ ∈ (cid:48) such that y = γ x φ(γ − 1 ) . This is an equivalence relation on (cid:48) called the φ -twisted conjugacy. Let R (φ) denote the number of φ -twisted conjugacy classes in (cid:48) . If R (φ) is inﬁnite for all φ ∈ Aut ((cid:48)) , we say that (cid:48) has the R ∞ -property. The purpose of this note is to show that the symmetric group S ∞ , the Houghton groups and the pure symmetric automorphism groups have the R ∞ -property. We show, also, that the Richard Thompson group T has the R ∞ -property. We obtain a general result establishing the R ∞ -property of the ﬁnite direct product of ﬁnitely generated groups. This is a sequel to an earlier work by Gonçalves and Kochloukova, in which it was shown using the sigma theory of Bieri, Neumann and Strebel that, for most of the groups (cid:48) considered here, R (φ) = ∞ where φ varies in a ﬁnite index subgroup of the automorphisms of (cid:48) .
Conditional immune-gene suppression of honeybees parasitized by Varroa mites

Abstract The ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor, is the most destructive parasite of managed honeybee colonies worldwide. Since V. destructor transfers pathogens to honeybees, it may be adaptive for bees to respond to mite infestation by upregulating their immune responses. Mites, however, may overcome the host's immune responses by suppressing them, which could facilitate the mite's ability to feed on hemolymph. A humoral immune response of bees parasitized by V. destructor may be detected by studying the expression levels of antibacterial peptides, such as abaecin and defensin, known to be immune-responsive. Expression levels for these two antibacterial peptides changed non-linearly with respect to the number of mites parasitizing honeybee pupae. Bees exposed to low or moderate number of mites had fewer immune-related transcripts than pupae that were never parasitized or pupae with high mite loads. Although many of the pupae tested indicated the presence of bacteria, no correlation with mite numbers or immune-response levels existed. All bees tested negative for acute paralysis and Kashmir bee viruses known to be vectored by V. destructor.
When Are Legislators Responsive to Ethnic Minorities? Testing the Role of Electoral Incentives and Candidate Selection for Mitigating Ethnocentric Responsiveness

P revious studies have documented ethnic/racial bias in politicians ’ constituency service, but less is known about the circumstances under which such ethnocentric responsiveness is curbed. We propose and test two hypotheses in this regard: the electoral incentives hypothesis , predicting that incentives for (re)election crowd out politicians ’ potential biases, and the candidate selection hypothesis , stipulating that minority constituents can identify responsive legislators by using candidates ’ partisan affiliation and stated policy preferences as heuristics. We test these hypotheses through a field experiment on the responsiveness of incumbent local politicians in Denmark ( N = 2,395), varying ethnicity, gender, and intention to vote for the candidate in the upcoming election, merged with data on their electoral performance and their stated policy preferences from a voting advice application. We observe marked ethnocentric responsiveness and find no indication that electoral incentives mitigate this behavior. However, minority voters can use parties ’ and individual candidates ’ stances on immigration to identify responsive politicians.
Empirical Assessment of the Effects of Fiscal-Monetary Policy on the Growth of the Nigerian

T he study is an empirical assessment of the effects of fiscal-monetary policy on the growth of the Nigerian Economy using content analytical technique. Data are obtained from secondary sources, and evaluated to underscores the importance of fiscal-monetary policy on the growth of the Nigerian Economy. The Keynesian theory of inflation was adopted to examine the concerns of the study. The foregoing analyses demonstrate the coordination of monetary and fiscal policy is weak and is yet to ensure the realization of non-inflationary growth in the Nigerian economy. Again, the importance of fiscal–monetary coordination is influenced by the fact that monetary and fiscal policy can determine many different economic values such as the level and structure of savings, investment, production, employment, and the balance of payments in the Nigerian economy. At the policy level, the policy advocates for an effective sectoral and structural monetary and fiscal policies in achieving sustainable economic growth while maintaining price stability in Nigeria.
Microbial methanogenesis in the sulfate-reducing zone in sediments from Eckernförde Bay, SW Baltic Sea

Benthic microbial methanogenesis is a known source of methane in marine systems. In most sediments, the majority of methanogenesis is located below the sulfate-reducing zone, as sulfate reducers outcompete methanogens for the major substrates hydrogen and acetate. The coexistence of methanogenesis and sulfate reduction has been shown before and is possible through the usage of noncompetitive substrates by methanogens such as methanol or methylated amines. However, knowledge about the magnitude,
Annual Review of Animal Biosciences Dog Models of Aging

As the most phenotypically diverse mammalian species that shares human environments and access to sophisticated healthcare, domestic dogs have unique potential to inform our understanding of the determinants of aging. Here we outline key concepts in the study of aging and illustrate the value of research with dogs, which can improve dog health and support translational discoveries.We consider similarities and differences in aging and age-related diseases in dogs and humans and summarize key advances in our understanding of genetic and environmental risk factors for morbidity and mortality in dogs. We address health outcomes ranging from cancer to cognitive function and highlight emerging research opportunities from large-scale cohort studies in companion dogs. We conclude
FlipBit: Approximate Flash Memory for IoT Devices

—IoT devices commonly use flash memory for both data and code storage. Relative to the overall device, flash consumes a significant fraction of energy. This is problematic because IoT devices are energy constrained due to reliance on batteries or energy harvesting. However, we observe flash operations take unequal amounts of energy depending on if we are flipping a 1 → 0 versus a 0 → 1 . We exploit this asymmetry to reduce energy consumption with FlipBit, a hardware-software approximation approach that limits costly 0 → 1 transitions in flash. Instead of performing an exact write, we write an approximated value that avoids any costly 0 → 1 bit flips. Using FlipBit, we reduce the mean energy used by flash by 68% on video streaming applications while maintaining 42 dB PSNR. On machine learning models, we reduce energy by an average of 39% and up to 71% with only a 1% accuracy loss. Additionally, by reducing the number of program-erase cycles, we increase the flash lifetime by 68%.
Variation and correlation of plant functional traits in karst area of central Guizhou Province,China

Aims The trait-based community ecology approach has recently attracted considerable interest from plant ecologists.Our objective is to explore variations and correlations of plant functional traits at the species and community levels along a successional gradient in Karst area of central Guizhou Province in order to improve our understanding about community succession from the perspective of functional ecology.Methods We investigated species composition of 26 plots in three successional stages(bush,deciduous broad-leaved forests,deciduous-evergreen forests) in Karst area of Puding,central Guizhou Province and quantified three functional traits(leaf area,specific leaf area and maximum height) of 82 woody species in these plots.We calculated the species abundance-weighted mean community trait values and used trait-gradient analysis(TGA) to analyze species functional trait variation along the successional gradient and within communities.Important findings We found an increasing trend in mean community leaf area and maximum height and decreasing mean community specific leaf area along the successional gradient.For mean plot trait values,there were strong positive correlations between leaf area and maximum height,and significant negative correlations between specific leaf area and both maximum height and leaf area.Species β trait values of the three traits were strongly correlated with each other,but there was no significant correlation for α trait values.Results indicate that the adaptive strategies of dominant species transformed from fast growth to high resource-use efficiency along succession and that co-occurring species in the same community employ different trait assemblies.
Establishing a Foundation for Automated Human Credibility Establishing a Foundation for Automated Human Credibility Screening Screening

—Automated human credibility screening is an emerging research area that has potential for high impact in fields as diverse as homeland security and accounting fraud detection. Systems that conduct interviews and make credibility judgments can provide objectivity, improved accuracy, and greater reliability to credibility assessment practices, need to be built. This study establishes a foundation for developing automated systems for human credibility screening.
Health impact and cost-effectiveness of expanding routine immunization coverage in India through Intensified Mission Indradhanush: a quasi-experimental study and economic evaluation

Background: Many children do not receive a full schedule of childhood vaccines, yet there is limited evidence on the cost-effectiveness of strategies for improving vaccination coverage. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of periodic intensification of routine immunization (PIRI), a widely applied strategy for increasing vaccination coverage. Methods: Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) was a large-scale PIRI intervention implemented in India in 2017-2018. In 40 sampled districts, we measured the incremental economic cost of IMI using primary data, and used a quasi-experimental impact evaluation to estimate incremental vaccination doses delivered. We estimated deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted using the Lives Saved Tool and reported cost-effectiveness from government provider and societal perspectives. Findings: In sampled districts, IMI had an estimated incremental cost of 2021US$15.7 (95% uncertainty interval: 11.9 to 20.1) million from a provider perspective and increased vaccine delivery by an estimated 2.2 (-0.5 to 4.8) million doses, averting an estimated 1,413 (-350 to 3,129) deaths. The incremental cost was $7.14 per dose ($3.20 to dominated), $95.24 per zero-dose child reached ($45.48 to dominated), $375.98 ($168.54 to dominated) per DALY averted, $413.96 ($185.56 to dominated) per life-year saved, and $11,133 ($4,990 to dominated) per under-five death averted. At a cost-effectiveness threshold of 1x per-capita GDP per DALY averted, IMI was estimated to be cost-effective with 89% probability. Interpretation: This evidence suggests IMI was both impactful and cost-effective for improving vaccination coverage. As vaccination programs expand coverage, unit costs may increase due to the higher costs of reaching currently unvaccinated children. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Mineralogical Distribution and Characteristics of Fe-, Ti-, and V-Bearing Beach Ironsand Deposit in Adikarto Bay Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Identification of beach sand deposits was carried out in the south coastal area of Adikarto Bay, Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta in Indonesia. A total of 25 points were observed to identify the characteristics and mineralogy of beach sand related to the iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), and vanadium (Fe) bearing minerals that have an important role in the transition of fossil energy into clean energy as an energy storage technology known as Vanadium Redox flow batteries (VRBs) and lithium-vanadium-phosphate batteries [1]. Laboratory analysis was performed by mineral grain analysis, ore microscopy, and micro-XRF. Based on the mineralogical analysis, the beach sand deposit is composed of heavy minerals (magnetite, titanomagnetite, and hematite) and light minerals (quartz, clinopyroxene: hedenbergite and augite), biotite, hornblende, and ilvaite. The results of the analysis show that the distribution of heavy minerals is dominantly in the fraction size <0.106 mm (70-80%,) while light minerals are distributed in the fraction size 0.212-2 mm (80-90%). Mico-XRF for elemental analysis identification shows that magnetite is the mineral bearing of Fe, Ti, and V elements with a percentage of (79.02 - 92.43 wt%), Ti (6.08-7.89 wt%), and V (0.56-1.15 wt%). Therefore, it is important to characterize the mineralogy and distribution of magnetite, since it can be used as a “mineral pathfinder” for advanced exploration of Fe, Ti, and V elements. So, the ironsand is for the cement indsutry and has advanced utilization.
The Inhomogeneity Effect. I. Inhomogeneous Surface and Atmosphere Accelerate Planetary Cooling

We propose a general principle that under radiative-convective equilibrium, the spatial and temporal variations in a planet’s surface and atmosphere tend to increase its cooling. This principle is based on Jensen’s inequality and the curvature of the response functions of surface temperature and outgoing cooling flux to changes in incoming stellar flux and atmospheric opacity. We use an analytical model to demonstrate that this principle holds for various planet types: (1) on an airless planet, the mean surface temperature is lower than its equilibrium temperature; (2) on terrestrial planets with atmospheres, the inhomogeneity of incoming stellar flux and atmospheric opacity reduces the mean surface temperature; (3) on giant planets, inhomogeneously distributed stellar flux and atmospheric opacity increase the outgoing infrared flux, cooling the interior. Although the inhomogeneity of visible opacity might sometimes heat the atmosphere, the effect is generally much smaller than the inhomogeneous cooling effect of infrared opacity. Compared with the homogeneous case, the mean surface temperature on inhomogeneous terrestrial planets can decrease by more than 20%, and the internal heat flux on giant planets can increase by over an order of magnitude. Despite simplifications in our analytical framework, the effect of stellar flux inhomogeneity appears to be robust, while further research is needed to fully understand the effects of opacity inhomogeneity in more realistic situations. This principle impacts our understanding of planetary habitability and the evolution of giant planets using low-resolution and one-dimensional frameworks that may have previously overlooked the role of inhomogeneity.
Fast forward modeling of neutral beam injection and halo formation including full Balmer-α emission prediction at W7-X

A full collisional-radiative (CR) neutral beam injection model based on Gaussian pencil (Gausscil) beams and a diffusive CR neutral halo model are presented. The halo is a neutral cloud around the neutral beam forming due to multiple charge exchange (CX) reactions. Both models do not rely on Monte-Carlo techniques and are thereby orders of magnitude faster than commonly used models. To model the neutral halo a system of coupled diffusion equations is solved numerically, enforcing mixed boundary conditions. From the equilibrium hydrogen neutral densities in the second excited energy state (n = 3), the Balmer-α emission intensity is calculated and the full spectrum is predicted, including effects as Doppler shifts and broadening due to the complex neutral beam geometry and the motional Stark effect (MSE) from the magnetic field. All forward models are implemented in the Minerva [1] Bayesian analysis framework to enable detailed multivariant inference from Balmer-α spectroscopy data. The modeled neutral beam and halo densities are successfully verified against calculations with a validated Monte-Carlo code for the W7-X beam and plasma geometry, especially proving the validity of the halo diffusion ansatz. A comparison of the predicted emission spectra with the experimental data proves the accuracy of the implemented model. All important parameters defining the neutral beams are inferred and compared to available reference values.
Analysis of high waves and coastal flooding event in Manado in mid-January 2021 (meteotsunami perspective)

Meteotsunami is atmospheric-induced ocean waves at the frequency of tsunami waves (2 minutes-2 hours). On January 17, 2021, the high waves tsunami-like due to lousy weather superimposed with the high tide were reported hitting the coastal area of Manado City, North of Sulawesi. This research examined the characteristic of that tsunami wave-like phenomenon. The sea level, atmospheric data (i.e., wind and air pressure), and weather satellite imagery were used in this study. The sea level, air pressure, and wind data were filtered to remove the low-frequency signal to obtain the amplitude of the high-frequency signal. The results showed that a high-frequency sea level signal’s maximum wave height (peak to trough) is up to 0.4 m. This condition responded to the increase in high-frequency maximum wind speed reaching 11 m/s associated with the convective system, such as the Cumulonimbus cloud system, detected 10 hours before the maximum high-frequency sea-level event. These circumstances meet the meteotsunami criteria, but the other parameter, such as air pressure, is not.
Simultaneous Observation of the Inner and Outer Electron Diffusion Region in Reconnection with Large Guide Field

This paper presents a simultaneous observation of the inner and outer electron diffusion region (EDR) at the dayside magnetopause by the magnetospheric multiscale (MMS) spacecraft. The EDR was observed in magnetic reconnection with a large guide field. The inner EDR was characterized by positive J·E′ while the outer EDR is manifested by negative J·E′ and opposite out-of-plane electric field to that in the inner EDR. One pair of the spacecraft detected the inner EDR while the other pair encountered the outer EDR. Moreover, the two pairs were on the opposite side of the X-line as they observed the bidirectional accelerated electron jets. The fortuitous formation of MMS allows us to estimate the maximum length of the inner EDR as ∼36 d e and the lower bound of the reconnection rate as 0.142 ± 0.041. These observations have far-reaching implications for understanding the electron physics in reconnection.
The Effect of Kacang Ratu BW on Ration to Production and Business Income of Layer Chickens

The research was conducted to determine the effect of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) substitution for laying hen performance. 108 Hy-Line strains on 26 weeks were put in battery cage and divided randomly into three treatments, (with six replications and every replication consisted six hens). The treatments were used 100% basal diet for control (A0), 99% basal diet + 1% Alfalfa (A1), and 97% basal diet + 3% Alfalfa (A2). Data recorded every day on three periods, with twenty-eight days per period. Feed and drink were given by ad libitum. The data collected every day consist of egg production, egg weight, while laying hen performance counted every week consist of Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Hen Day Average (HDA). In addition, the estimation of Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) counted at the end of this period. Data were analyzed by factorial of classification of variance analysis (ANOVA) between Alfalfa and period. of treatment followed by testing significant means Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). According to this research, it can be concluded that Alfalfa can be used for substitution on laying hen’s diet due to decrease the feed cost (increase feed efficiency) moreover without declined its production.