Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutrient composition of selected emergent macrophytes in Northern Prairie wetlands

North Dakota’s seasonal wetlands, covering 1.3 million ha, are an important forage resource especially during dry years. A study was initiated in south central North Dakota to determine forage quality of dominant emergent macrophytes. Ten species, American sloughgrass (Beckmuuu& syz&rc~e (Steud.) Fem. ), trii mmutagrass (CEyceriogruudis S. Wats. ex A. Gray), common reed (P&gmUes austrul& (Cav.) Trin. ex. Steud. ), whitetop or sprangietop (Scoloc~lou jestucacea (Willd.) Link), prairie cordgrass (Spwthtapecttnata Link), slough sedge (Carex otherodes Spreng.), spikerush (Eleocharis macrostachya B&t.), baitic rush (Juncus baltkws Willd.), hardstem bulrush (S&pus acutus Muhl.), and three square (Scirpuspungens Vahi.) were collected twice a month, from mid-May until mid-August then after first frost. After drying rt 600 C, samples were separated to leaf and stem where appiicable. Analyses included in vitro dry matter digestibiiity (IVDMD), crude protein (CP), and phosphorus (P). Although species and season differences occurred, IVDMD, CP, and P declined linearly with season in each plant species and part. Depending upon the species mix, wetland hay harvested between bloom and mature stages would be expected to average 47-49% IVDMD, 7.6-14.0% CP, and . 17-. 29% P. Harvested early, mixed species wetland hays would provide adequate nutrients for dry pregnant cows. However, energy and P supplementation may be necessary for late harvested wetiand hays.
Disentangling evolutionary, plastic and demographic processes underlying trait dynamics: a review of four frameworks

Biologists are increasingly interested in decomposing trait dynamics into underlying processes, such as evolution, plasticity and demography. Four important frameworks that allow for such a decomposition are the quantitative genetic animal model (AM), the ‘Geber’ method (GM), the age‐structured Price equation (APE) and the integral projection model (IPM). However, as these frameworks have largely been developed independently, they differ in the assumptions they make, the data they require, as well as their outcomes and interpretation. Here, we evaluate how each framework decomposes trait dynamics into underlying processes. To do so, we apply them to simulated data for a hypothetical animal population. Individual body size was affected by, among others, genes, maternal effects and food intake. We simulated scenarios with and without selection on body size and with high and low heritability. The APE and IPM provided similar results, as did the AM and GM, with important differences between the former and the latter. All frameworks detected positive contributions of selection in the high but not in the low selection scenarios. However, only the AM and GM distinguished between the high and low heritability scenarios. Furthermore, the AM and GM revealed a high contribution of plasticity. The APE and IPM attributed most of the change in body size to ontogenetic growth and inheritance, where the latter captures the combined effects of plasticity, maternal effects and heritability. We show how these apparent discrepancies are mostly due to differences in aims and definitions. For example, the APE and IPM capture selection, whereas the AM and GM focus on the response to selection. Furthermore, the frameworks differ in the processes that are ascribed to plasticity and in how they take into account demography. We conclude that no single framework provides the ‘true’ contributions of evolution, plasticity and demography. Instead, different research questions require different frameworks. A thorough understanding of the different definitions of their components is necessary for selecting the most appropriate framework for the question at hand and for making biologically meaningful inferences. This work thus supports both future analysis and the careful interpretation of existing work.
Musk thistle (Carduus nutans): an undesirable range plant.

Several herbicides utilizing foliagt spray and basal stem and soil application provide practical means of eliminating Gambel oak in spot treatment. Herblcldal control trials reported in Table 1 were carried out since 1968 on Brigham Young University Farm near Spanish Fork, Utah. The study site containing Gambel oak in mattes comprised a west slope with silt loam soil receiving 15 inches average annual precipitation. The 1 lb picloram-2 lb of silvex (or 2,4,5-T) was the only single-application foliage spray that gave effective control of mature Gambel oak. This apparent synergic effect was in contrast with picloran or silvex applied separately, neither of which adequately controlled the Gambe1 oak. Application of two pounds of silvex per acre in each of 2 successive years gave up to 90% top kill but only SO to 75% plant kill. Although picloram2,4,5-T mixtures were not applied to mature plants, use at 112 lb/acre ratio in related studies with oak sprouts and saplings suggested it would probably be as effective as the picloram-silvex mixture at equivalent rates. Some maintenance control in subsequent years following foliage aoolication of herbicides may be re__ quired. When applied as a basal stem spray to stems up to 6 inches in diameter, 2,4,5-T, silvex, and picloram were all very effective, but AMS was ineffective. Plants basally sprayed with bromacil went through a series of leaf drops; but after three growing seasons, most stems in the mattes treated were apparently dead. In the basal stem application, an attempt was made to saturate the lower 15 inches of each stem. Apparently, silvex, picloran, and bromacil applied basally was readily translocated through roots of Gambel oak, since stems located in excess of ten feet on the uphill side of study plots were killed. This plus the evidence that most stems in a Gambel oak matte underground root system, indicates it may not be necessary to treat all stems in mot& with marked boundaries. Temporary soil sterilization with picloram granules at 4 lb a.e. /acre provided another effective means of killing Gambel oak by spot treatment. However, this method requires adequate rainfall to carry the herbicide into the soil. When applied in late spring prior to a drought year, apparent herbicidal effects were delayed up to 15 months.
Extension and prediction of shelf life of Dudh Churpi

The effects of storage of dudh churpi, incorporated with or without potassium sorbate (0.1%, w/w) packed in screw capped glass bottles, high density polyethylene screw capped bottles, thermally sealed low density polyethylene pouches or left unpacked under ambient environments (6-32°C, 44-88% relative humidity) over a period of six months on moisture, titratable acidity, free fatty acids, tyrosine, hydroxymethylfurfural, reflectance and sensory attributes were studied. The physico-chemical and sensory qualities of unpacked samples deteriorated at a faster rate as compared to packed ones. Among the packages, glass bottle provided maximum protection against deterioration. The physico-chemical parameters fitted well to the second degree equation (y=A+Bt+Ct 2 ) with correlation coefficients >0.94. Using regression equation based on mean overall sensory acceptability scores and storage period, it was possible to predict the shelf life of dudh churpi. The predicted shelf life periods of sorbate added dudh churpi samples, stored in glass bottles, plastic bottles and polyethylene pouches were 871, 577 and 444 days, respectively. Le Dudh Churpi est un produit laitier traditionnel indien. Les effets de l'addition de sorbate de potassium et du type d'emballage sur la conservation du Dudh Churpi sont etudies. Les proprietes physicochimiques et sensorielles du produit non emballe se deteriorent rapidement. Le Dudh Churpi conditionne en bouteille de verre se conserve le plus longtemps. Un modele mathematique de prediction de la duree de conservation est developpe. Le Dudh Churpi conserve en bouteille de verre et en presence de sorbate de potassium a une duree de conservation estimee a 871 jours.
Using a Binomial Mixture Model and Aerial Counts for an Accurate Estimate of Nile Crocodile Abundance and Population Size in the Kunene River, Namibia

The Nile crocodile,Crocodylus niloticus, is found throughout sub-Saharan Africa, including Namibia, Botswana and Angola. The species was transferred from CITES Appendix I to Appendix II in 2004, although it is recognized as peripherally endangered in Namibia due to diminishing habitat availability primarily from human encroachment. In 2013, a species management plan was approved in Namibia to assess the management of the Namibian Nile crocodile populations. During 2012, an aerial survey was conducted to provide an estimate of Nile crocodile population numbers. A recently developed N-mixture model for estimation of abundance and spatial variation was used. Detection probability correlated to animal size and environmental covariates. Our data also suggest that small crocodiles are easier to detect during the spring. The abundance for different size classes was influenced by river complexity (vegetation, depth, channels) and the distribution of human settlements. An estimated 806 individuals were counted along the 352 km Namibian portion of the Kunene River system with a conservative estimate of 562 crocodiles regardless of size. The parameter estimates generated by the analysis suggested that the class-structured model can produce reliable estimates of total abundance and of local abundance for this section in the Kunene River system.
Activation of the GFRa1/NCAM pathway stimulates Sertoli cell proliferation in vitro

The proliferation and final density of Sertoli cells in the testis are regulated by hormones and local growth factors. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a distantly related member of the transforming growth factor-p (TGF-â) super-family, and its receptor components: GFRal, Ret and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) have been recently reported to be expressed in the testis and to be involved in the proliferation regulation of immature Sertoli cells. However, the number of the reports is very low, and the signalling pathways have not been well characterized. In the present study, we used purified Sertoli cell cultures from 4- to 5-day-old mouse testis to detect the expression of GDNF, to examine the effect of GDNF on Sertoli cell proliferation and possible signalling pathways mediating such effect. GDNF expression in mouse Sertoli cells was detected at both RNA and protein levels by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry methods. The expression was up-regulated by FSH. GDNF stimulated the proliferation of Sertoli cells and synergized with FSH to promote the proliferation to a higher level. GFRal/Ret and GFRα1/ NCAM are two receptor complexes for GDNF. As GFRal and NCAM not Ret were expressed in cultured Sertoli cells, we proposed that the stimulatory effect of GDNF on Sertoli cell proliferation was through pathways initiating from the GFRal/NCAM receptor. This proposition was supported by the fact that the stimulatory effect of GDNF was significantly reduced by anti-NCAM antibody.
Pengaruh karakteristik perusahaan dan corporate governance terhadap pengungkapan risiko perusahaan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bukti empiris tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengungkapan risiko perusahaan di perusahaan manufaktur. karakteristik perusahaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ukuran perusahaan, tingkat likuiditas, tingkat profitabilitas, tingkat solvabilitas, struktur kepemilikan saham publik, dewan komisaris independen, keahlian komite audit, frekuensi pertemuan komite audit. Penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling untuk melaksanakan pemilihan sampel. ada 80 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2013 sampai 2015 menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini. Teori agency digunakan untuk menjelaskan hubungan variabel antar. pengungkapan risiko dalam penelitian menggunakan analisis isi ini berdasarkan identifikasi kalimat tindakan pengungkapan risiko dalam laporan tahunan. Metode statistik yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ukuran perusahaan, tingkat profitabilitas, tingkat solvabilitas, struktur kepemilikan saham publik, dewan komisaris independen berpengaruh positif dengan pengungkapan risiko perusahaan. Sedangkan, tingkat likuiditas, keahlian komite audit, frekuensi pertemuan komite audit tidak mempengaruhi pengungkapan risiko perusahaan.
Growth Hormone Receptor Signaling Pathways and its Negative Regulation by SOCS2

Growth hormone (GH) is a critical regulator of linear body growth during childhood but continues to have important metabolic actions throughout life. The GH receptor (GHR) is ubiquitously expressed, and deficiency of GHR signaling causes a dramatic impact on normal physiology during somatic development, adulthood, and aging. GHR belongs to a family of receptors without intrinsic kinase activity. However, GH binding to homodimers of GHR results in a conformational change in the receptors and the associated tyrosine kinase Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) molecules. Activated JAK2 phosphor‐ ylates the GHR cytoplasmic domain on tyrosine residues, and subsequent JAK2‐ dependent and JAK2‐independent intracellular signal transduction pathways evoke cell responses including changes in gene transcription, proliferation, cytoskeletal reorgan‐ ization, and lipid and glucose metabolism. JAK2 phosphorylates STAT5b, which is a key transcription factor in GH regulation of target genes associated with body growth, intermediate metabolism, and gender dimorphism; although STAT1, 3, and 5a have also been shown to be recruited by the GHR. In addition, many transcripts are regulated independently of STAT5b as a result of GHR activation of Src, ERK, and PI3K‐mTOR signaling pathways. The analysis of molecular mechanisms involved in inactivation of GHR‐dependent signaling pathway is also imperative for understanding GH physiol‐ ogy. This is clearly illustrated in the case of hepatic GHR‐JAK2‐STAT5b activation where signal duration regulates gender differences in liver gene SOCS2 protein level, which provides a mechanism for cross‐talking where multiple factors can regulate GHR signaling during somatic development. A better understand‐ ing of this complex regulation in physiological and pathological states will contribute to prevent health damage and improve clinical management of patients with growth and metabolic
Prevalence and comparison for detection methods of Candida species in vaginal specimens from pregnant and non pregnant Saudi women

Pregnancy represents a risk factor in the occurrence of vulvovaginal candidiasis. To investigate the prevalence rate of vaginal carriage of Candida species in Saudi pregnant and non-pregnant women, high vaginal swab (HVS) specimens (707) were examined by direct microscopy (10% KOH and Giemsa staining) and parallel cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) as well as on “CHROM agar Candida” medium. As expected, Candida-positive cultures were frequently observed in pregnant-test group (24%) than in non-pregnant group (17%). The frequency of culture positive was correlated to pregnancy (P=0.047), parity (P=0.001), use of contraceptive (P=0.146), or antibiotics (P=0.128), and diabetic-patients (P<0.0001). Out of 707 HVS examined specimens, 157 specimens were yeast-positive culture (22%) on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar or “CHROM agar Candida”. In comparison, the sensitivities of the direct 10% KOH and the Giemsa stain microscopic examination methods were 84% (132/157) and 95% (149/157) respectively but both with 100% specificity. As for the identity of recovered 157 yeast isolates, based on API 20C biotype carbohydrate assimilation, germ tube and chlamydospore formation, C. albicans and C. glabrata constitute 80.3 and 12.7% respectively. Whereas rates of C. tropicalis, C. kefyr, C. famata or C. utilis were 2.6, 1.3, and 0.6% respectively. Sachromyces cerevisiae and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa yeasts were also encountered at a frequency of 1.3 and 0.6% respectively. Finally, among all recovered 157 yeast-isolates, strains resistant to ketoconazole were not detected, whereas 5% of the C. albicans and as high as 55% of the non-albicans yeast isolates (majority C. glabrata) showed resistance to fluconazole. Our findings may prove helpful for continuous determination of the existing vaginal candidiasis causative species during pregnancy, its lab-diagnosis and/or control and possible measures to minimize the incidence of the disease-associated pre-term delivery.
Vachellia karroo leaf meal: a promising non-conventional feed resource for improving goat production in low-input farming systems of Southern Africa

Among a vast number of forage trees, Vachellia karroo (Acacia karroo) remains one of the most widely distributed indigenous plant legumes in Southern Africa. The plant possesses some striking attributes, such as rapid growth rate, drought tolerance, adaptation to alkaline and acidic sterile soils, and resistance to a variety of edaphic and temperature changes. In past years V. karroo was recognised to be a major threat to rangeland productivity owing to its invasive nature. Research interest has shifted from its eradication as an unwanted plant to its utilisation as a feed resource for livestock. Extensive utilisation of V. karroo is mainly hindered by the presence of tannins and spines. Prospects to lessen the adverse effects of the anti-nutritional influences are now recognised. Vachellia karroo possesses desirable fatty acid profiles, and high protein and mineral contents that can improve animal performance. Presently, the use of V. karroo for goat production in communal areas is restricted owing to limited evidence for its nutritional value as animal feed. The present review, therefore, seeks to demonstrate the utility potential of V. karroo to improve growth performance, carcass characteristics, chevon quality, meat fatty acid profiles and as a natural anti-helminth for goats raised under an extensive system of production.
Neurotransmission in human corneoscleral trabeculae

We investigated the presence of substance P-positive, vasoactive intestinal peptide-positive, and neuropeptide Y-positive nerve fibers in the human corneoscleral trabeculae under normal conditions and during glaucoma. Our results show that SP-positive and NPY-positive nerve fibers normally occupy less, and VIP-positive nerve fibers normally occupy more, of the total corneoscleral trabeculae surface than during glaucoma. Further studies are necessary to clarify the role of these 3 neurotransmitters in the human corneoscleral trabeculae.
Screening and Isolation of Protease Producing Bacteria from Soil Collected from Different Areas of Burhanpur Region (MP) India

To produce environmental eco-friendly products and product out puts chemical process are being replaced by enzymes like proteases (Abebe et al., 2014). The production of enzymes is central to the modern biotechnology industry. The technology for producing and using commercially important enzyme products combines the discipline of microbiology, genetics, biochemistry and engineering (Rajni Hatti Kaul). Enzymes are biocatalysts produced by living cells to bring about specific biochemical reaction generally forming parts of the metabolic processes of cells (Mohammad B D et al.2013). Proteases, one among the three largest groups of industrial enzymes, account for about 60% of the worldwide sale of enzymes(Nurullal A et al 2011). Proteases which include proteinases, peptidases or proteolytic enzymes break peptide bonds between amino acids of proteins. They use a molecule of water for this and are thus classified as hydrolases.Proteases are of two ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 8 (2015) pp. 597-606 http://www.ijcmas. com
Using the stable isotope marker 13C to study extrafloral nectar uptake by parasitoids under controlled conditions and in the field

Parasitic wasps are prominent natural enemies of crop pests. They usually feed on floral resources during the adult stage (nectar, pollen, or honeydew). Extrafloral nectar is an alternative source of sugar easily accessible to adult parasitoids. We developed an original method of nectar labelling based on the injection of labelled sugar solution into the plant stem in order to analyse the nectar uptake by parasitoids (cotton wick method). This method was used to artificially enrich extrafloral cornflower, Centaurea cyanus L. (Asteraceae), nectar with the stable isotope 13C. We analysed (1) the transfer of 13C from the sugar solution into extrafloral nectaries, (2) the uptake of labelled nectar by parasitoids under laboratory conditions, and (3) the ability of the method to discriminate, in an oilseed rape (Brassica napus L., Brassicaceae) field, between labelled parasitoids (i.e., those who have fed on labelled cornflowers located adjacent to the field) and unlabelled parasitoids to track parasitoid movements from the margin into the field. The extrafloral nectar of all test plants was 13C‐labelled. Most (66%) of the parasitoids were identified as marked after 96 h of exposure to labelled plants in the laboratory. We could also detect labelled parasitoids inside the field, but the detection rate was only 1%. The experiments clearly demonstrate that the cotton wick method is appropriate to label extrafloral nectar and parasitoids feeding on this labelled nectar. Further research is needed on the amount of labelled extrafloral nectar required to obtain a sufficient marker level to track parasitoid movements in the field.
DNA-based identification of Herbertus species on Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean

Based on phylogenetic analyses of nrITS sequences and accompanying morphological investigations, several accessions of Herbertus from the South Atlantic Gough Island were identified as Herbertus runcinatus or Herbertus sendtneri. The Gough Island accession of H. sendtneri incorporated in the molecular study is nested in a tropical American clade of H. sendtneri, and is placed sister to a Bolivian accession. Both species are new to Gough Island.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains isolated from pig's clinical samples in Serbia

Porcine pleuropneumonia, caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is one of the most important bacterial diseases of the pig respiratory tract. One hundred and forty eight Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains isolated from pig’s clinical samples were tested for their susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials by disk diffusion method. Isolates were obtained from the pathoanatomically altered pig’s lung that died with signs of respiratory disease. Antimicrobial discs with following concentration were used: ampicillin 10 µg, amoxicillin 10 µg, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 20/10 µg, cefotaxime 30 µg, gentamicin 10 µg, penicillin 10 IU, streptomycin 10 µg, tetracycline 30 µg, enrofloxacin 5 µg, lincospectin 15/200 µg, florfenicol 30 µg and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 1.25/23.75 µg. Isolated strains showed various susceptibility to tested antimicrobials. Seventy-five percent of isolates were resistant to one or more drugs frequently used in the treatment of pig’s diseases at farms in Serbia. All 148 isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime, enrofloxacin and florfenicol, while 96% of them were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and lincospectin. Susceptibility of isolates to amoxicillin, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were 91%, 77% and 64%, respectively. The highest resistance rates were determined for tetracycline and streptomycin, 34% and 31%, respectively. When compared to our previous results, we noticed a decrease in resistance to tetracyclines and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Our results indicate that A. pleuropneumoniae strains isolated from pig’s clinical samples in Serbia show high susceptibility to antimicrobial agents which are most often used in the pig industry.
Rusticyanin: initial studies on the regulation of its synthesis and gene isolation

Les taux de rusticyanine, cuproproteine de Thiobacillus ferrooxidans λ, sont regules par la nature du milieu de culture, la presence de fer entrainant des concentrations tres superieures en cette proteine. Resultats preliminaires de l'isolement du gene