Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Extensive Investigation and Analysis of Temperature-to-Digital Converter FoMs

This paper proposes an extensive investigation of temperature-to-digital converters (TDCs) figures-of-merit (FoMs): the main features of these systems are identified in order to determine the best FoM for achieving an effective TDC evaluation considering the desired performance characteristics. Multiple FoMs are presented, ranging from already established to newly defined ones, in order to obtain a picture of the TDC state-of-the-art with several angles and perspectives providing a complete overview of this framework.
Study of the Effect of Frankincense on the Hind Paw Edema of Rats ةمذولا يمع ركذلا نابملا ريثأت ةساردرأفمل ةيفمخلا مدقمل ةيبمخملا By Dr .

Edema, also spelled oedema, dropsy, is the build-up of fluid in the body's tissue, most commonly, the legs or arms. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of frankincense in different concentrations on adult male albino rats on anti hind paw edema. Thirty white male albino rats were divided into 6 groups (5 rats each) weighing 220 ± 5g. The first and second groups fed on standard diet the third, fourth, fifth and sixth groups fed standard diet containing 5,10,15 and 20% frankincense powder respectively . After 28 days rats second to sixth groups were injected by 0.1 ml /kg formalin to cause hind paw edam, after 28 days from injection of formalin and ingesting diet supplemented with 5,10,15 and 20% frankincense the results recorded . The highest ESR reduction and hind paw edema weight levels recorded for group fed on frankincense powder (20%) while, the lowest value recorded for group fed on frankincense (5%) with significant difference. The highest reduction of cholesterol , triglycerides ,AST ,ALT, Urea, Creatinine and Uric acid levels recorded for on frankincense powder (20%) with significant difference . From the results, it could be recommended that (20%) leve of frankincense is effective in improving lipid metabolism and preventing ESR increise in hind paw edema.
COPD_A_319511 79..92

1Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; 2Pulmonary Research Institute of Southeast Michigan, Farmington Hills, MI, USA; 3Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA; 4Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; 5Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA; 6Department of Quality, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; 7Pulmonology Section, University of Texas Health, and South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA; 8University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; 9Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; 10Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore; 11Pulmonary Services Department, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA; 12Transplant Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; 13COPD Foundation, Kalamazoo, MI, USA; 14National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK Abstract: Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are breath actuated, and patients using DPIs need to generate an optimal inspiratory flow during the inhalation maneuver for effective drug delivery to the lungs. However, practical and standardized recommendations for measuring peak inspiratory flow (PIF)—a potential indicator for effective DPI use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)—are lacking. To evaluate recommended PIF assessment approaches, we reviewed the Instructions for Use of the In-CheckTM DIAL and the prescribing information for eight DPIs approved for use in the treatment of COPD in the United States. To evaluate applied PIF assessment approaches, we conducted a PubMed search from inception to August 31, 2021, for reports of clinical and real-life studies where PIF was measured using the In-CheckTM DIAL or through a DPI in patients with COPD. Evaluation of collective sources, including 47 applicable studies, showed that instructions related to the positioning of the patient with their DPI, instructions for exhalation before the inhalation maneuver, the inhalation maneuver itself, and post-inhalation breath-hold times varied, and in many instances, appeared vague and/or incomplete. We observed considerable variation in how PIF was measured in clinical and real-life studies, underscoring the need for a standardized method of PIF measurement. Standardization of technique will facilitate comparisons among studies. Based on these findings and our clinical and research experience, we propose specific recommendations for PIF measurement to standardize the process and better ensure accurate and reliable PIF values in clinical trials and in daily clinical practice.
Directional Accuracy of MMS Survey of Inflation-Output Forecasts of G7 Countries: A ROC Analysis

We study the directional forecast accuracy of inflation and output forecasts from Money Market Services Survey (MMS) for G7 countries using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Applying ROC curve technique is interesting since ROC analysis can capture the accuracy of directional forecasts for different criterion while the conventional market timing tests can be used only for one. Our results indicate that forecasts of inflation and output from MMS survey contain valuable information for the target variables considered uniformly for all countries. Our findings reinforce the results found in the literature that MMS survey of inflation output forecasts for G7 countries have directional forecast accuracy considered separately, although they seem to fail rationality tests under symmetric loss for some G7 countries. We conclude in favor of directional accuracy of inflation and output forecasts of MMS survey for G7 countries for the period considered.
Distal 3rd Diaphysial Fracture of Humerus Fixed with Dynamic Compression Plate Using Posterior Approach- The Assessment of the Outcome

Objectives: The effectiveness of open reduction and Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP) fixation with or without autogenous bone grafting using the posterior midline approach in the treatment of distal third diaphyseal humeral fractures was assessed. Methods: For humeral nonunion, comminuted fractures, or early failure of conservative therapies, 33 patients (24 men, 9 women; mean age 37 years; range 20 to 60 years) were operated on. The study was carried out at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka from July 2005 to December 2006. Results: After an average of 17 weeks, all of the patients had union (range 14 to 26 weeks). There was no deep infection, nonunion, malunion, implant failure, or nerve injury in any of the patients. In two cases, transient radial nerve palsy occurred. Minor infections were seen in four of the individuals. All of the patients were pain-free after surgery.The functional outcome was outstanding Original Research Article Hossain et al.; AJMAH, 19(12): 82-91, 2021; Article no.AJMAH. 78619 83 in all instances and good in 16 patients, yielding 87 % satisfying results. Functional outcomes increased considerably postoperatively compared to preoperatively (p<0.001). In 20 individuals, the range of motion of the shoulders was great. The range of motion at the elbow was considerable in 21 patients and moderate in seven others. More than three-quarters of the patients (75.8%) experienced no problems. Four patients (12.1%) were infected, and two patients (6.1%) developed iatrogenic radial nerve palsy as a result of the surgery. One patient (3%) had a loose screw, while another (3%) needed blood transfusions owing to extensive bleeding at the donor graft site. Conclusion: In distal third humeral fractures, open reduction and posterior DCP fixing, with or without autogenous bone grafting, is a safe and effective treatment option, especially when there is no infection or bony or neurovascular damage. Very few study conducted on distal 3rd diaphysial fracture of humerus fixed with DCP using posterior approach, therefore this study conducted to know the assessment of the outcome.
Desmoplastic Melanoma: A Review of Current Management

Desmoplastic Melanoma (DM) is a rare variant of melanoma accounting for less than 5% of melanoma diagnoses. It is more common in males, affects older patients and occurs in sun-exposed areas. It remains a challenging diagnosis due to its often benign clinical appearance. Histologically, there are two distinct subtypes described as pure and mixed, and it is often associated with perineural invasion. Due to its rarity, consensus regarding the clinical relevance of these histological features, and various aspects of management remain controversial. This review aims to summarise the current literature regarding clinical and pathological diagnosis and to present the evidence regarding the surgical management of DM and the use of adjuvant radiotherapy.
Financial Liberalization and Poverty: The Threshold Effect of Financial Development

the paper aims to answer two main questions. The first is whether countries with higher degree of financial liberalization have lower poverty rates. The second question is whether the effect of financial liberalization on poverty depends on the level of financial development. More specifically, we will investigate the issues relevant to threshold effect of financial development on witch financial liberalization changes sign. In this paper, we develop a unified empirical framework for characterizing such threshold conditions. Estimations are conducted with a panel data of 49 developing countries over the period of 1990-2011 using GMM-System estimator for dynamic panel data. The empirical results support that financial liberalization contributes to poverty reduction according to the level of the domestic financial development. Our findings shows also that, in the presence of a certain threshold of financial development, less financial liberalized economy are more likely to reduce their poverty rates once these threshold conditions are satisfied. This threshold is estimated at a rate of the credits to the private sector to GDP around 56 %.
Analyzing Political Polarization on Social Media by Deleting Bot Spamming

Social media platforms are part of everyday life, allowing the interconnection of people around the world in large discussion groups relating to every topic, including important social or political issues. Therefore, social media have become a valuable source of information-rich data, commonly referred to as Social Big Data, effectively exploitable to study the behavior of people, their opinions, moods, interests and activities. However, these powerful communication platforms can be also used to manipulate conversation, polluting online content and altering the popularity of users, through spamming activities and misinformation spreading. Recent studies have shown the use on social media of automatic entities, defined as social bots, that appear as legitimate users by imitating human behavior aimed at influencing discussions of any kind, including political issues. In this paper we present a new methodology, namely TIMBRE (Time-aware opInion Mining via Bot REmoval), aimed at discovering the polarity of social media users during election campaigns characterized by the rivalry of political factions. This methodology is temporally aware and relies on a keyword-based classification of posts and users. Moreover, it recognizes and filters out data produced by social media bots, which aim to alter public opinion about political candidates, thus avoiding heavily biased information. The proposed methodology has been applied to a case study that analyzes the polarization of a large number of Twitter users during the 2016 US presidential election. The achieved results show the benefits brought by both removing bots and taking into account temporal aspects in the forecasting process, revealing the high accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Finally, we investigated how the presence of social bots may affect political discussion by studying the 2016 US presidential election. Specifically, we analyzed the main differences between human and artificial political support, estimating also the influence of social bots on legitimate users.
Characteristics and outcomes of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia of patients with and without HIV infection in Argentina

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main causative agent of pneumonia, with a 10 to 25 percent rate of isolation in blood cultures. Controversies exist regarding the prognostic impact of a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on community-acquired pneumonia. The aim of our work was to analyze and compare the clinical presentation, radiological findings and progression of pneumococcal pneumonia in patients infected with and not infected with HIV. We retrospectively analyzed adult patients with positive blood cultures for Streptococcus pneumoniae and clinical and radiological findings compatible with pneumonia in the period between January 2012 and May 2017. Age, sex, comorbidities, clinical and laboratory variables, radiological severity, progression and mortality were analyzed. Comparative analysis between HIV-positive and -negative patients was carried out. Receiver operating curves (ROC) for CURB65 were performed to predict mortality in both groups. We included 107 patients (21 HIV-positive and 86 HIV-negative). HIV patients were on average younger (38 vs 58 years) with lower hematocrits (31.7 vs 36.5%) and fewer comorbidities (47 vs 72%). Overall mortality was 36 percent, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the CURB-65 ROC was 0.69 (95% confidence interval: 0.58–0.79) for all patients without differences between the two groups. Patients with a history of HIV infection had the same progression and mortality as the group of patients without that background.
Abstract Template

Sustainable development of water resources requires new tools and research in these fields of study. A systematic overview of water footprint research in countries of former Yugoslavia is presented through bibliometric analysis and publication review. The Scopus database was used as the data source. Among the countries of former Yugoslavia, only researchers from Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia and Hercegovina published papers focused on water footprint research before March 2021. Research on water footprint in these countries was found to be insufficient in scope and intensity. The contribution of authors from the countries of former Yugoslavia is small compared to research in other countries all over the world but is not insignificant. Almost 2/3 of articles have already been cited by other authors. Two main centers of water footprint research are at the University of Maribor in Slovenia and at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia, respectively. The research is focused on the so-called volumetric water footprint, while the LCA water footprint stands outside the interest of the scientific community in countries of former Yugoslavia.
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer in Elderly vs. Non-Elderly Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective This study aimed to review the applicability and complications rate associated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer in elderly patients. Methods Databases of PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and ScienceDirect were searched till 15th April 2021. All types of studies comparing ESD in the elderly vs non-elderly were included. Subgroup analysis was conducted for the following groups: ≥80 years vs <80 years, ≥75 years vs < 75 years, and ≥65 years vs <65 years. Results 17 studies were included. Meta-analysis indicated no statistically significant difference in the en-bloc resection rates (OR: 0.92 95% CI: 0.68, 1.26 I2 = 8% p=0.62) and histological complete resection rates (OR: 0.93 95% CI: 0.75, 1.15 I2 = 26% p=0.50) between elderly and non-elderly patients. The results were non-significant even on subgroup analysis. Overall, we found a non-significant but a tendency of increased perforation rates in the elderly as compared to non-elderly patients (OR: 1.22 95% CI: 0.99, 1.52 I2 = 0% p=0.06). However, there was a significantly increased risk of perforation in elderly patients aged ≥80 years as compared to patients <80 years (OR: 1.50 95% CI: 1.00, 2.24 I2 = 3% p=0.05). Bleeding rates were not different in the two groups (OR: 1.07 95% CI: 0.87, 1.32 I2 = 19% p=0.52). Pooled analysis indicated a statistically significantly increased risk of pneumonia in elderly patients (OR: 2.52 95% CI: 1.72, 3.70 I2 = 7% p<0.00001). Length of hospital stay was reported only by five studies. Meta-analysis indicated no significant difference between the two study groups (MD: 0.67 95% CI: -0.14, 1.48 I2 = 83% p=0.10). Conclusion En-bloc and histological complete resection rates do not differ between elderly and non-elderly patients undergoing ESD for early gastric cancer. Elderly patients have a small tendency of increased risk of perforation with significantly increased rates in the super-elderly (≥80 years of age). The risk of pneumonia is significantly higher in elderly patients but the rates of bleeding do not differ. The certainty of evidence is “very low” and there is a need for high-quality studies taking into account confounding factors to enhance the quality of evidence.
Trpc6 Promotes Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Male Mice With Pleiotropic Differences Between Males and Females

Background: Doxorubicin is a widely used and effective chemotherapy, but the major limiting side effect is cardiomyopathy which in some patients leads to congestive heart failure. Genetic variants in TRPC6 have been associated with the development of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, suggesting that TRPC6 may be a therapeutic target for cardioprotection in cancer patients. Methods: Assessment of Trpc6 deficiency to prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiac damage and function was conducted in male and female B6.129 and Trpc6 knock-out mice. Mice were treated with doxorubicin intraperitoneally every other day for a total of 6 injections (4 mg/kg/dose, cumulative dose 24 mg/kg). Cardiac damage was measured in heart sections by quantification of vacuolation and fibrosis, and in heart tissue by gene expression of Tnni3 and Myh7. Cardiac function was determined by echocardiography. Results: When treated with doxorubicin, male Trpc6-deficient mice showed improvement in markers of cardiac damage with significantly reduced vacuolation, fibrosis and Myh7 expression and increased Tnni3 expression in the heart compared to wild-type controls. Similarly, male Trpc6-deficient mice treated with doxorubicin had improved LVEF, fractional shortening, cardiac output and stroke volume. Female mice were less susceptible to doxorubicin-induced cardiac damage and functional changes than males, but Trpc6-deficient females had improved vacuolation with doxorubicin treatment. Sex differences were observed in wild-type and Trpc6-deficient mice in body-weight and expression of Trpc1, Trpc3 and Rcan1 in response to doxorubicin. Conclusions: Trpc6 promotes cardiac damage following treatment with doxorubicin resulting in cardiomyopathy in male mice. Female mice are less susceptible to cardiotoxicity with more robust ability to modulate other Trpc channels and Rcan1 expression.
Enhanced in vitro biodegradation of low-density polyethylene using alkaliphilic bacterial consortium supplemented with iron oxide nanoparticles

ow-density polyethylene (LDPE) has been used extensively leading to its overaccumulation in the environment. Recent studies have shifted their focus on devising techniques that could accelerate the biodegradation process such as the formulation of microbial consortia and the use of nanoparticles. In this study LDPE biodegradation was carried out by using a bacterial consortium composed of the two most efficient LDPEdegrading alkaliphilic bacterial strains isolated from hyperalkaline spring (pH 11) in Zambales, Philippines, through enrichment techniques. Phenotypic and molecular analyses revealed that the isolates were phylogenetically affiliated to Bacillus pseudofirmus and Bacillus agaradhaerens. The supplementation of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) significantly increased the bacterial growth, along with shortened lag phase and longer stationary phase. The bacterial consortium, in the presence and absence of IONPs, was able to reduce the weight of the residual polymer up to 18.3 ± 0.3% and 13.7 ± 0.5%, respectively, after 60 days of incubation. Bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbon test demonstrated higher hydrophobicity of the consortium with IONPs. This result was corroborated by an increased protein content of the cells adhered to the films. End-product analysis by Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy revealed chemical bond shifting and pronounced disruption of surface texture in the presence of IONPs, respectively, thereby confirming the biodegradation process. The combination of the two isolates supplemented with IONPs exhibited maximum degradation of LDPE as revealed by various analyses. Bacteria-nanoparticle interactions are significant, and the formulation of alkaliphilic bacterial consortium grown in the presence of nanoparticles accelerates the rate of LDPE film degradation.
Differential Synergistic Interactions Among Four Different Wheat-Infecting Viruses

Field-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants can be co-infected by multiple viruses, including wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), brome mosaic virus (BMV), and barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV). These viruses belong to four different genera in three different families and are, hence, genetically divergent. However, the impact of potential co-infections with two, three, or all four of them on the viruses themselves, as well as the wheat host, has yet to be examined. This study examined bi-, tri-, and quadripartite interactions among these viruses in wheat for disease development and accumulation of viral genomic RNAs, in comparison with single virus infections. Co-infection of wheat by BMV and BSMV resulted in BMV-like symptoms with a drastic reduction in BSMV genomic RNA copies and coat protein accumulation, suggesting an antagonism-like effect exerted by BMV toward BSMV. However, co-infection of either BMV or BSMV with WSMV or TriMV led to more severe disease than singly infected wheat, but with a decrease or no significant change in titers of interacting viruses in the presence of BMV or BSMV, respectively. These results were in stark contrast with exacerbated disease phenotype accompanied with enhanced virus titers caused by WSMV and TriMV co-infection. Co-infection of wheat by WSMV, TriMV, and BMV or BSMV resulted in enhanced synergistic disease accompanied by increased accumulation of TriMV and BMV but not WSMV or BSMV. Quadripartite interactions in co-infected wheat by all four viruses resulted in very severe disease synergism, leading to the death of the most infected plants, but paradoxically, a drastic reduction in BSMV titer. Our results indicate that interactions among different viruses infecting the same plant host are more complex than previously thought, do not always entail increases in virus titers, and likely involve multiple mechanisms. These findings lay the foundation for additional mechanistic dissections of synergistic interactions among unrelated plant viruses.