Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
To PET or Not to PET: Interim Imaging in DLBCL

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) constitutes approximately one-third of all cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the United States. With current treatment regimens, only 60% of patients are cured with frontline therapy. This has fueled efforts to better predict who may benefit from further escalation of treatment within the first line setting. [ 18 F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (FDG-PET/CT) has emerged as an excellent method of detecting overall disease burden at time of diagnosis. Given its high sensitivity in detecting lymphoma involvement much interest has been raised regarding its potential role in helping to predict early which patients will fail frontline standard therapy. Here, we survey the available literature regarding the role of interim PET scans in the management of DLBCL. We critically review recent data on the usefulness of interim PET scans as predictive and prognostic biomarker for treatment response and briefly discuss novel ways of non-image based monitoring of disease response. Carboplatin + Etoposide; EFS: Even Free Survival; R-IFE: Rituximab + Ifosfamide + Etoposide; BEAM: BCNU + Etoposide + Cytarabine + Melphalan; ASCT: Autologous Stem Cell Transplant; CR: Complete Response; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; GELA: Groupe d’Etude Des Lymphomes De l’Adulte; IHP: International Harmonization Project; NPV: Negative Predictive Value; PPV: Positive Predictive Value; SAKK: Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research; ACVBP: Doxorubicin + Cyclophosphamide + Vindesine + Bleomycin + Prednisone + Intrathecal Methotrexate
Edinburgh Partner selection into policy relevant field experiments

This study investigates the issue of self-selection of stakeholders into participation and collaboration in policy-relevant experiments. We document and test the implications of self-selection in the context of randomised policy experiment we conducted in primary schools in the UK. The main questions we ask are (1) is there evidence of selection on key observable characteristics likely to matter for the outcome of interest and (2) does selection matter for the estimates of treatment eﬀects. The experimental work consists in testing the eﬀects of an intervention aimed at en-couraging children to make more healthy choices at lunch. We recruited schools through local authorities and randomised schools across two incentive treatments and a control group. We document the selection taking place both at the level of local authorities and at the school level. Overall we ﬁnd mild evidence of selection on key observables such as obesity levels and socio-economic characteristics. We ﬁnd evidence of selection along indicators of involvement in healthy lifestyle programmes at the school level, but the magnitude is small. Moreover, We do not ﬁnd signiﬁcant diﬀerences in the treatment eﬀects of the experiment between variables which, albeit to a mild degree, are correlated with selection into the experiment. To our knowledge, this is the ﬁrst study providing direct evidence on the magnitude of self-selection in ﬁeld experiments.
Correlation between Short-Wavelength Automated Perimetry and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography in Glaucomatous Eyes

Purpose: Evaluation of the topographic correlation between the retinal nerve fiber layer thinning (RNFL) measured by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and decreased retinal sensitivity measured by short wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) in glaucomatous patients. Design: A prospective non- randomized cross sectional study. Subjects and Methods: Thirty-five eyes from 35 patients with early glaucoma were selected from outpatient clinics in Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Mansoura University, Egypt. This study included patients with primary open-angle, pseudoexfoliative and pigmentary glaucoma. Peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured using Spectral-Domain OCT. Visual field (VF) testing was done using SWAP. Visual field (VF) testing and OCT were performed within 6 weeks. Main Outcome Measures: RNFL measurements were taken at 30° sectors (12 sectors described as clock hours). SWAP average pattern deviation (PD) (within 21 VF zones) was determined. The number of OCT-measured RNFL sectors (outside of normal limits) and the number of VF zones (outside of normal limits) were compared. Correlations between deviation from normal (thinner than 97.5% of normal) RNFL measurements and SWAP average PD were performed. Results: OCT sectors 6 O’clock, 7 O’clock, 8 O’clock, 9 O’clock and 10 O’clock (inferior, infero- temporal and temporal) and SWAP VF zones 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 (superior hemifield central and arcuate areas) were most frequently damaged. In general, the strongest associations were detected between inferior and infero-temporal RNFL sectors (e.g. 6 O’clock, 7 O’clock) and superior nasal/arcuate VF zones (e.g. zones 13, 14, 15, 16, 17). Most non significant associations were found between superior RNFL sectors and superior VF zones. Conclusion: There was topographic correlation between RNFL thinning measured by OCT and decreased retinal sensitivity measured by SWAP in early glaucoma patients. The combination of the structure-function methods can improve diagnosis of early glaucoma and help in prediction of glaucoma progression.
Mathematical Modelling of Dynamic Behavior of Droplets of Saliva as a Vehicles for Respiratory Pathogens Transmission

This study performs an analytical description of the dynamic behavior of the droplets and the effect of the environmental air temperature on their drop time and horizontal velocity to highlight some aspects that improve the fight against the spread of the respiratory pathogens, such as the COVID-19, between humans. According to this study, when the droplet exits the human body, its horizontal velocity reduces drastically. The smaller the size of the droplets, the higher is the rate of this decay. The droplets achieve its largest horizontal range instantaneously. Thus, the horizontal displacement for droplets with less than 100 µm in diameter does not exceed 380 mm. However, droplets with larger than 300 µm in diameter have a horizontal range that can reach distances greater than 1600 mm, without significant reduction of their heights to the ground. This can invalid the current rule of social distance (least 1.5 m — 2 m between people). Because of this, if a person is within the horizontal displacement range of a droplet he will be hit in the face which can increase the contagion. The droplets with less than 1 µm in diameter remain airborne for at least 15 hours, which can further increase of contagion by inhalation. The temperature of the environment has a negative influence on droplets drop time. Faced with this, the people in warmer countries can inhale more virus of suspension than those in colder countries. Finally, the higher the environmental air temperature, the lower the horizontal range achieved by the droplets.
Structural Evolution and Magnetic Properties of Gd 2 Hf 2 O 7 Nanocrystals: Computational and Experimental Investigations

: Structural evolution in functional materials is a physicochemical phenomenon, which is important from a fundamental study point of view and for its applications in magnetism, catalysis, and nuclear waste immobilization. In this study, we used x-ray di ﬀ raction and Raman spectroscopy to examine the Gd 2 Hf 2 O 7 (GHO) pyrochlore, and we showed that it underwent a thermally induced crystalline phase evolution. Superconducting quantum interference device measurements were carried out on both the weakly ordered pyrochlore and the fully ordered phases. These measurements suggest a weak magnetism for both pyrochlore phases. Spin density calculations showed that the Gd 3 + ion has a major contribution to the fully ordered pyrochlore magnetic behavior and its cation antisite. The origin of the Gd magnetism is due to the concomitant shift of its spin-up 4f orbital states above the Fermi energy and its spin-down states below the Fermi energy. This picture is in contrast to the familiar Stoner model used in magnetism. The ordered pyrochlore GHO is antiferromagnetic, whereas its antisite is ferromagnetic. The localization of the Gd-4f orbitals is also indicative of weak magnetism. Chemical bonding was analyzed via overlap population calculations: These analyses indicate that Hf-Gd and Gd-O covalent interactions are destabilizing, and thus, the stabilities of these bonds are due to ionic interactions. Our combined experimental and computational analyses on the technologically important pyrochlore materials provide a basic understanding of their structure, bonding properties, and magnetic behaviors.
Dominant Controls of Downdip Afterslip and Viscous Relaxation on the Postseismic Displacements Following the M(w)7.9

We analyze three‐dimensional GPS coordinate time series from continuously operating stations in Nepal and South Tibet and calculate the initial 1 year postseismic displacements. We first investigate models of poroelastic rebound, afterslip, and viscoelastic relaxation individually and then attempt to resolve the trade‐offs between their contributions by evaluating the misfit between observed and simulated displacements. We compare kinematic inversions for distributed afterslip with stress‐driven afterslip models. The modeling results show that no single mechanism satisfactorily explains near‐ and far‐field postseismic deformation following the Gorkha earthquake. When considering contributions from all three mechanisms, we favor a combination of viscoelastic relaxation and afterslip alone, as poroelastic rebound always worsens the misfit. The combined model does not improve the data misfit significantly, but the inverted afterslip distribution is more physically plausible. The inverted afterslip favors slip within the brittle‐ductile transition zone downdip of the coseismic rupture and fills the small gap between the mainshock and largest aftershock slip zone, releasing only 7% of the coseismic moment. Our preferred model also illuminates the laterally heterogeneous rheological structure between India and the South Tibet. The transient and steady state viscosities of the upper mantle beneath Tibet are constrained to be greater than 10 18 Pa s and 10 19 Pa s, whereas the Indian upper mantle has a high viscosity ≥10 20 Pa s. The viscosity in the lower crust of southern Tibet shows a clear trade‐off with its southward extent and thickness, suggesting an upper bound value of ~8 × 10 19 Pa s for its steady state viscosity.
Phylogenetic invariants for group-based models

In this paper we investigate properties of algebraic varieties representing group-based phylogenetic models. We propose a method of generating many phylogenetic invariants. We prove that we obtain all invariants for any tree for the binary Jukes-Cantor model. We conjecture that our method can give all phylogenetic invariants for any tree. We show that for 3-Kimura our conjecture is equivalent to the conjecture of Sturmfels and Sullivant. This, combined with the results of Sturmfels and Sullivant, would make it possible to determine all phylogenetic invariants for any tree for 3-Kimura model, and also other phylogenetic models. Next we give the (first) example of a non-normal general group-based model for an abelian group. Following Kubjas we also determine some invariants of group-based models showing that the associated varieties do not have to be deformation equivalent.
Structural and Catalytic Characterization of La 0.6 Sr 0.4 MnO 3 Nanoﬁbers for Application in Direct Methane Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes

Characterization of La 0.6 Sr 0.4 MnO Nanoﬁbers for Application in Direct Methane Intermediate Temperature Solid Abstract: In the present work, structural and catalytic characterization was performed on La 0.6 Sr 0.4 MnO 3 (LSM) nanoﬁbers. The LSM nanoﬁbers were obtained using the electrospinning technique. For comparison, LSM powders with identical composition were characterized as well. The LSM powders were prepared through a self-combustion citrate-based procedure. SEM, EDX, XRD, and BET investi-gations were carried out on both LSM nanoﬁbers and powders, pointing out the different structural features. The LSM nanoﬁbers showed a higher surface area than the LSM powders and a lower presence of strontium oxide on the surface. Results of the H 2 -Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) tests showed evidence of a higher reactivity of the nanoﬁbers compared to the powders. The catalytic characterization was performed utilizing a methane oxidation activity test, revealing a better catalytic performance of the LSM nanoﬁbers: at 800 ◦ C. The methane conversion achieved with the LSM nanoﬁbers was 73%, which compared well with the 50% obtained with powders at 900 ◦ C.
The KASCADE-Grande experiment: measurements of the all-particle energy spectrum of cosmic rays

The all-particle energy spectrum as measured by the KASCADE-Grande experiment for E = 10^{16} - 10^{18} eV is presented within the framework of the QGSJET II/FLUKA hadronic interaction models. Three different methods were applied based on the muon size and the total number of charged particles individually and in combination. From the study it is found that the spectrum cannot be completely described by a smooth power law due to the presence of characteristic features.
Coefficients of \v{S}apovalov elements for simple Lie algebras and contragredient Lie superalgebras

We provide upper bounds on the degrees of the coefficients of \v{S}apovalov elements for a simple Lie algebra. If $\fg$ is a contragredient Lie superalgebra and $\gc$ is a positive isotropic root of $\fg,$ we prove the existence and uniqueness of the \v{S}apovalov element for $\gc$ and we obtain upper bounds on the degrees of their coefficients. For type A Lie superalgebras we give a closed formula for \v{S}apovalov elements. Often the coefficients of \v{S}apovalov elements are products of linear factors, and we provide some reasons for this coming from representation theory. We also explore the relationships between \v{S}apovalov elements coming from different roots, and their behavior when the Borel subalgebra is changed.
OPTIMAL DISCRIMINATION DESIGNS 1

We consider the problem of constructing optimal designs for model discrimination between competing regression models. Various new properties of optimal designs with respect to the popular T -optimality criterion are derived, which in many circumstances allow an explicit determination of T -optimal designs. It is also demonstrated, that in nested linear models the number of support points of T -optimal designs is usually too small to estimate all parameters in the extended model. In many cases T -optimal designs are usually not unique, and in this situation we give a characterization of all T -optimal designs. Finally, T -optimal designs are compared with optimal discriminating designs with respect to alternative criteria by means of a small simulation study.
The Essential Guide to Effect Sizes: Power analysis and the detection of effects

When I stumbled on power analysis…it was as if I had died and gone to heaven. ~ Jacob Cohen (1990: 1308) The foolish astronomer An astronomer is interested in building a telescope to study a distant galaxy. A critical factor in the design of the telescope is its magnification power. Seen through a telescope with insufficient power, the galaxy will appear as an indecipherable blur. But rather than figure out how much power he needs to make his observations, the astronomer foolishly decides to build a telescope on the basis of available funds. Maybe he does not know how much magnification power he needs, but he knows exactly how much money is in his equipment budget. So he orders the biggest telescope he can afford and hopes for the best. In social science research the foolish astronomer is the one who sets sample sizes on the basis of resource availability. He is the one who, when asked “how big should your sample be? ”, answers “as big as I can afford. ” Resource constraints are a fact of research life. But if our goal is to conserve limited resources, it is essential that we begin our studies by asking questions about their power to detect the phenomena we are seeking. How big a sample size do I need to test my hypotheses? Assuming the phenomenon I'm searching for is real, what are my chances of finding it given my research design? How can I increase my chances?
Usefulness of Collagen Type IV (cIV) in The Detection of Significative Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background and Aims: Our aim was to validate a new noninvasive marker panel to assess significant and advanced fibrosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) patients. Method: We conducted a study of 126 biopsy-proven NAFLD patients. The diagnosis of NAFLD was based on histological criteria and fibrosis stages were determined according to NASH CRN criteria. Clinical and laboratorial data were collected in the interval between three months before or after liver biopsy. Histological fibrosis stages were classified as: significant fibrosis (≥F2) and advanced fibrosis (F3-F4). Five serum biomarkers [Hyaluronic Acid (HA), collagen type IV (cIV), Procollagen type III (PC III), Laminin (LN) and Cholylglycine (CG)] were assessed by chemiluminescence immunoassays. Results: The majority of patients were female (61.61%), with a mean age of 55.7±9.13 years and mean BMI was 32.1±5.9. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome was 68.75%, 82.29%, 63,54% and 81.05%, respectively. Patients with cIV above 30 ng/mL had a 5.57-times (IC: 1.86-16.69) of having significant fibrosis and 7.61-times (IC: 2.27-25.54) chance of having advanced fibrosis versus patients with values below 30 ng/mL. HA, PIIIP, LN and CG did not detect the presence of significant and advanced fibrosis. The AUROC for the detection of significant (0.718) and advanced fibrosis (0.791) was better for cIV than the other serum biomarkers. Conclusion: Type 4 collagen, a simple serum biomarker, could predict the presence of significant and advanced fibrosis in NAFLD patients and it wouldbe a useful tool in routine clinical practice.
Enhancement of cutaneous immunity during ageing by blocking p38 MAPkinase induced inflammation

Citation for published version: Vukmanovic-Stejic, M, Chambers, ES, Farinas, MS, Sandhu, D, Fuentes-Duculan, J, Patel, N, Agius, E, Lacy, KE, Turner, CT, Larbi, A, Birault, V, Noursadeghi, M, Mabbott, NA, Rustin, MHA, Krueger, J & Akbar, AN 2018, 'Enhancement of cutaneous immunity during ageing by blocking p38 MAPkinase induced inflammation' Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 142, no. 3, pp. 844-856. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci. 2017.10. 032
Results from a national, population-based prospective study (The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study)

RESEARCHDESIGNANDMETHODS—A total of 6,537 of the 11,247 adults evaluated in 1999–2000 in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, returned for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) testing in 2004–2005. We studied those without diabetes who had complete data at baseline (n = 5,200; mean age 51 years; 55% were women; 92% were Europids). Serum 25OHD and energy-adjusted calcium intake (food frequency questionnaire) were assessed at baseline. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between serum 25OHD and dietary calcium on 5-year incidence of diabetes (diagnosed by OGTT) and insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity [HOMA-S]), adjusted for multiple potential confounders, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG).
Comprehensive multiwavelength modelling of the afterglow of GRB 050525A

The Swift era has posed a challenge to the standard blast-wave model of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. The key observational features expected within the model are rarely observed, such as the achromatic steepening (‘jet break’) of light curves. The observed afterglow light curves showcase additional complex features requiring modifications within the standard model. Here we present optical/near-infrared observations, millimetre upper limits and comprehensive broad-band modelling of the afterglow of the bright GRB 0505025A, detected by Swift. This afterglow cannot be explained by the simplistic form of the standard blast-wave model. We attempt modelling multiwavelength light curves using (i) a forward–reverse shock model, (ii) a two-component outflow model and (iii) a blast-wave model with a wind termination shock. The forward–reverse shock model cannot explain the evolution of the afterglow. The two-component model is able to explain the average behaviour of the afterglow very well but cannot reproduce the fluctuations in the early X-ray light curve. The wind termination shock model reproduces the early light curves well but deviates from the global behaviour of the late-time afterglow.
Design trajectory and controller-plant interaction

In the design process of a system various simulations and experiments should be performed to study the behavior of the system, to analyse the system performance and to make design decisions. As virtually all high-tech systems are multi-disciplinary in nature the modeling and simulation methods must deal with interaction between the various disciplines to support the system design. It is important to bring the disciplines together in an early design stage in order to avoid severe problems at the system integration phase that cause delays and additional design effort. In this chapter a system design trajectory is proposed that facilitates the design steps from initial models to final realization. The system (or part of the system) is considered to be composed of three components: the plant, the input/output (I/O) interface and the controller.
Predicting The Road Traffic Density Based on Twitter Using The TR-P Method

This study contains work activities in order to build models of prediction system of traffic density based on twitter text data. The Traffic Road-Prediction (TR-P) method we have proposed consists of extracting and mining text data on road traffic. Based on the patterns that have been found from the learning process, we build a prediction model of road traffic density using text mining approach. The result of learning model validation using k-fold method has an accuracy of 96.31%, while the highest model testing accuracy reaches 91.34%. The road traffic density conditions of the proposed system have been visualized into several color classes of road traffic density, such as red, orange, yellow and green. This visualization makes it easier for users to understand the level of road traffic density resulting from predicted systems that have been built.
Implications for Bounded Rationality

Decision-making is central to our understanding of human adaptation; the role of conscious thought and the use of maximizing algorithms in behavior is a crucial topic for understanding decision-making. The conflict between viewing people as what Michael Moerman (1968) characterized as “cultural dopes” versus “cultural sharpies” has been central to social theory and policy debate since the 19 century. Experience has shown that it is probably unresolvable as long as the primary focus is on how people think as opposed to what they think, in the sense of their interior mental processes as opposed to the knowledge, rules, and algorithms that they apply. If we find algorithms for rigorous, instrumentally rational, efficient, and efficacious decision-making in a community, it makes sense to assume that they are used for such decisionmaking. If we do not find them, the case is less clear.