Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reclassification of Xanthomonas

A comprehensive DNA-DNA hybridization study was performed by using 183 strains of the genus Xanthomonas. This genus was shown to comprise 20 DNA homology groups which are considered genomic species. Four groups corresponded to the previously described species Xanthomonas albilineans, Xanthomonas fragariae, Xanthomonas oryzae, and Xanthomonas populi. The previously described species Xanthomonas campestris was heterogeneous and was divided into 16 DNA homology groups. One of these groups exhibited a high level of DNA homology with Xanthomonas axonopodis. The 62 pathovars represented in this study were allocated to appropriate species. Our results, together with previous taxonomic data, supported a comprehensive revision of the classification of the genus Xanthomonas. The species X. albilineans, X. fragariae, X. oryzae, and X. populi are not affected. The type species of the genus, X. campestris (Pammel 1895) Dowson 1939, is emended to include only the pathovars obtained from crucifers (i.e., X. campestris pv. aberrans, X. campestris pv. armoraciae, X. campestris pv. barbareae, X. campestris pv. campestris, X. campestris pv. incanae, and X. campestris pv. raphani). X. axonopodis Starr and Garces 1950 is emended to include 34 former X. campestris pathovars. The following species names are proposed: Xanthomonas arboricola sp. nov., including X. arboricola pv. corylina, X. arboricola pv. juglandis, X. arboricola pv. poinsettiicola (type C strains of the former X. campestris pathovar), X. arboricola pv. populi, and X. arboricola pv. pruni; Xanthomonas bromi sp. nov. for strains isolated from bromegrass; Xanthomonas cassavae (ex Wiehe and Dowson 1953) sp. nov., nom. rev.; Xanthomonas codiaei sp. nov., including type B strains of the former taxon X. campestris pv. poinsettiicola; Xanthomonas cucurbitae (ex Bryan 1926) sp. nov., nom. rev.; Xanthomonas hortorum sp. nov., including X. hortorum pv. hederae, X. hortorum pv. pelargonii, and X. hortorum pv. vitians; Xanthomonas hyacinthi (ex Wakker 1883) sp. nov., nom. rev.; Xanthomonas melonis sp. nov.; Xanthomonas pisi (ex Goto and Okabe 1958) sp. nov., nom. rev.; Xanthomonas sacchari sp. nov. for strains isolated from diseased sugarcane in Guadeloupe; Xanthomonas theicola sp. nov.; Xanthomonas translucens (ex Jones, Johnson, and Reddy 1917) sp. nov., nom. rev., including X. translucens pv. arrhenatheri, X. translucens pv. cerealis, X. translucens pv. graminis, X. translucens pv. hordei, X. translucens pv. phlei, X. translucens pv. phleipratensis, X. translucens pv. poae, X. translucens pv. secalis, X. translucens pv. translucens, and X. translucens pv. undulosa; Xanthomonas vasicola sp. nov., including X. vasicola pv. holcicola and X. vasicola pv. vasculorum (type B strains of the former taxon X. campestris pv. vasculorum); and Xanthomonas vesicatoria (ex Doidge 1920) sp. nov., nom. rev., which includes the type B strains of the former taxon X. campestris pv. vesicatoria. Differentiating characteristics were determined for the new species on the basis of metabolic activity on a range of carbon substrates by using the Biolog GN microplate system.
Analysis of suspended solids and Glyphosate and efficacy of the cross-compliance Standard 5.2 ‘buffer strips’ in the protection of superficial water from suspended solids in runoff conveyed through a vineyard

Several studies have described the effectiveness of vegetated buffer strips, interposed between the cultivated areas and water bodies, in removal of suspended solids and other pollutants such as Glyphosate conveyed through surface runoff. This monitoring study has quantified the effects of a 5-metre wide herbaceous buffer zone, adjacent to a vineyard, built according to the Standard 5.2 of Cross-compliance (M.D. 27417). The amount of runoff generated was 3.9% of the total annual rainfall, with negligible differences in terms of volume after flowing through the buffer zone. The effectiveness of the buffer zone in suspended solids removal was, in terms of mass balance, of 45.5%. The glyphosate outputs from the vineyard, unlike in other experiences, were negligible and therefore it was not possible to evaluate the efficiency of the buffer zone in removing it. This is due to the low rainfall occurred in the period following distribution that has favoured in situ degradation of Glyphosate.
LED Lighting in Horticulture

Solid-state lighting based on the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is potentially one of the biggest advancements in horticultural lighting in decades. LEDs can play a variety of roles in horticultural lighting, including use in controlled environment research, lighting for tissue culture, and supplemental and photoperiod lighting for greenhouses. LED lighting systems have several unique advantages over existing horticultural lighting, including the ability to control spectral composition, the ability to produce very high light levels with low radiant heat output when cooled properly, and the ability to maintain useful light output for years without replacement. LEDs are the first light source to have the capability of true spectral composition control, allowing wavelengths to be matched to plant photoreceptors to provide more optimal production and to influence plant morphology and composition. Because they are solid-state devices, LEDs are easily integrated into digital control systems, facilitating special lighting programs such as "daily light integral" lighting and sunrise and sunset simulations. LEDs are safer to operate than current lamps because they do not have glass envelopes or high touch temperatures, and they do not contain mercury. The first sustained work with LEDs as a source of plant lighting occurred in the mid-1980s to support the development of new lighting systems to be used in plant growth systems designed for research on the space shuttle and space station. These systems progressed from simple red-only LED arrays using the limited components available at the time to high-density, multicolor LED chip-on-board devices. As light output increases while device costs decrease, LEDs continue to move toward becoming economically feasible for even large-scale horticultural lighting applications.
Genotypic and Allelic Frequencies of IGF1 and IGF2 Genes in Broilers Analysed by Using PCR‐RFLP Techniques

A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) test was performed to investigate the allele frequencies of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF1 and IGF2 genes) in 90 broiler chickens. A 793 bp fragment of IGF1 gene and 1146 bp fragment of IGF2 gene were amplified and digested with HinfI and Hsp92II restriction enzymes, respectively. Two types of alleles of A and B and three types of genotypes of AA, AB and BB were observed in both genes. The results indicated predominant Ballele (0.85) was higher for IGF1 but A-allele (0.5611) IGF2 in the broiler population.
The Second-Order Synchrosqueezing Continuous Wavelet Transform and Its Application in the High-Speed-Train Induced Seismic Signal

Thousands of high-speed trains (HSTs) run on over 30000-km high-speed railway every day in China. These running trains not only cause vibrations but also stimulate all kinds of seismic waves. The receiver seismic signal’s spectrum has one special equal-interval, multinarrowband feature. Some commonly used time-frequency (TF) analyzing methods, such as the short-time Fourier transform, continuous wavelet transform, and the Stockwell transform, can capture a signal’s TF features and reconstruct signal without loss. However, their TF resolution is limited by the uncertainty principle. In this letter, we apply the second-order synchrosqueezing continuous wavelet transform (SSCWT), which is one improved SSCWT, to the HST induced seismic signal and capture its TF spectrum features. The synthetic data example and real data example have proved the second-order SSCWT can provide a more concentrated TF spectrum than the commonly used SSCWT.
Plants growth , water relations and photosynthesis of two bean genotypes Phaseolus vulgaris L . treated with NaCl and fluridone

Phaseolus vulgaris has a great variability regarding the tolerance to salinity. In this work, we used fluridone as a tool to study the herbicide’s effect on two salt stressed bean genotypes since fluridone alters photosynthetic pigments and blocks normal abscisic acid biosynthesis under salinity. Plants from two bean genotypes were subjected to different NaCl concentrations during three days. Thereafter, half of these plants were treated by fluridone and then were harvested three days later. Growth, water relations, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis were reduced after NaCl application. In general, differences were highly significant for salt treatments up to 60 mM. Decreases in photosynthetic rates under salinity were attributed partly to reduce stomatal conductance (r 2 = 0.87**), partly to membrane alterations (r 2 = 0.69**) and partly to reduced photosynthetic pigment concentrations (r 2 = 0.56**). Thus, when plants of both genotypes were subjected to fluridone, they showed higher sensitivity to a subsequent salinity than stressed plants that had not been exposed to the inhibitor; the negative effects were most evident with 60 mM NaCl concentration and in the presence of 90 mM NaCl, almost all physiological activities were suppressed. The superiority of the genotype Tema against Djadida genotype was attributed to quantitative rather than qualitative physiological response differences.
Determination of economic injury levels of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in chickpea

Chickpea pod borer Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) is considered to be one of the major pests of chickpea. The damage potential and economic threshold level for Helicoverpa armigera larvae on chickpea crop were worked out. On an average, single larva per m row reduced the yield to the extent of 155 kg/ha and 157 kg/ha in 2004-05 and 2005-06 cropping season, respectively. The ratio of the value of yield saved to the cost of insecticide application at one larva per m row was 1.06 and 1.12 in 2004-05 and 2005-06, respectively. EILs for Helicoverpa armigera were determined as 12 and 0.95 per m row and ETLs was at 09 and 0 73 larvae per m row in 2004-05 and 2005 - 06, respectively. Key Words: Economic injury, chickpea, pod borer doi: 10.3329/bjar.v33i4. 2288 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(4) : 555-563, December 2008
Re-examination of the capital and income dichotomy in breeding birds

During egg-formation, energy and protein are deposited in the developing eggs but are, at the same time, needed by the laying female herself. This has been largely overlooked in the discussion on income and capital breeders (Drent & Daan 1980, Thomas 1988). We discuss data on exogenous versus endogenous energy and nutrients used during egg-formation for 12 well-studied species ranging from the Adelie Penguin Pygoscelis adelie (3400 g) to the Blue Tit Parus caeruleus (11 g) and calculate which part of the total energy and nutrient requirements (of clutch and laying female) originates from direct food intake and/or from body reserves. Because energy and nutrients are also needed by the laying female, some large species breeding in cold regions deposit sufficient reserve that they can fast completely during egg-formation (like the Adelie Penguin) and even throughout incubation (like the Elder Somateria mollissima). However, almost all smaller species must forage for most of their energy and nutrients during the egg-formation period. For the large species, energy and protein of the clutch represent 30% and 70%, respectively, of the total requirements of laying females, much more than in small species like passerines (4% and 40%). Therefore, the requirements for the clutch are much greater in larger than in smaller species, and egg-production is much more limited by protein than by energy. The effects of food supplementation on timing of laying (moderate advance), on number of eggs laid (not more, when corrected for date) and on egg size (not larger) of income and capital breeders/layers are discussed. It seems that neither the start of egg-laying nor the number or quality of eggs are directly related to the energetics of the laying female.
Epilithic diatoms as indicators of stream total N and total P concentration

Patterns of diatom species distribution in relation to total N (TN), total P (TP), and other environmental variables from riffle sites on 2 streams in southern Ontario, Canada, were determined using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Relationships with TN and TP were sufficiently strong to develop weighted-averaging (WA) regression-calibration models for inferring stream water concentrations of these nutrients. The models were accurate within ±2.4 μg/L for TP (apparent r2 = 0.52) and ±2 mg/L for TN (apparent r2 = 0.53). An evaluation of the goodness of fit of these models with and without bootstrapping indicated that they performed better (bootstrapped r2 = 0.44 for TP and bootstrapped r2 = 0.42 for TN) than published TN and TP inference models for which similar assessments were made. Based on Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development eutrophication ratings, the TP model predicted 76% of the mesotrophic and 57% of the eutrophic samples correctly. The model correctly predicted only 20% and 33%, respectively, of oligotrophic and hypereutrophic samples. WA inference models were improved when seasonal variation was removed by using mean summer water quality and diatom data (apparent r2 = 0.76 and bootstrapped r2 = 0.61 for TP; apparent r2 = 0.82 and bootstrapped r2 = 0.70 for TN). Overall, we conclude that epilithic diatoms can be related to TN and TP using these methods, and that WA inference models have utility for indicating eutrophication in southern Ontario lowland streams.
(Re)defining “good teaching”: Teacher performance assessments and critical race theory in early childhood teacher education

Using three tenents of Critical Race Theory, this study examines the influence of edTPAs on diverse early childhood pre-service teachers in a graduate program. Findings suggest that (1) Color-blind admissions policy and practice were at odds with edTPA’s perceived academic language demands; (2) A tension emerged between financial demands of edTPA and the constraints of immigrant and linguistically diverse students; and (3) edTPA rubrics and requirements required students of color to write and rewrite their teaching selves to match the external standard.
Ocean acidification enhances the growth rate of larger diatoms

Ocean acidification is changing the nature of inorganic carbon availability in the global oceans. Diatoms account for µ 40% of all marine primary productivity and are major contributors to the export of atmospheric carbon to the deep ocean. Larger diatoms are more likely to be stimulated by future increases in CO2 availability as a result of their low surface area to volume ratio and lower diffusive flux of CO2 relative to their carbon demand for growth. Here we quantify the effect of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), at levels of 190, 380, and 750 µL L−1, on the growth rate, photosystem II electron transport rate (ETR), and elemental composition for five diatom species ranging over five orders of magnitude in cell volume. Growth rates for all species were enhanced under 750 relative to 190 and 380 µL L−1, with little change in ETR or elemental stoichiometries, indicating an enhanced allocation of photochemical energy to growth under elevated PCO2. PCO2 enhancement of growth rates was size dependent. Under 750 vs. 190 µL L−1 partial pressures, growth rate was enhanced by µ 5% for the smaller diatom species to µ 30% for the largest species examined. The size dependence of CO2‐stimulated growth enhancement indicates that ocean acidification may selectively favor an increase in the growth rates of larger vs. smaller phytoplankton species in the sea, with potentially significant consequences for carbon biochemistry.
Nutrient Preferences of Brazilian Hummingbirds

Abstract The Stripe-tailed Hummingbird (Eupherusa eximia) prefers nectar that is highly supplemented in both vitamins and minerals, when offered the choice of no, low, or high supplemented nectar. We tested the responses of hummingbirds in southern Brazil to four solutions: nectar, nectar supplemented with vitamins, nectar supplemented with minerals, and water with both vitamins and minerals added. Hummingbirds spent less time at and made fewer visits to the supplemented water than to the different nectar solutions, suggesting that nutrients alone are not enough to attract birds. One of eight species, the Violet-capped Woodnymph (Thalurania glaucopis), visited the mineral supplemented nectar more often than both nectars and one unidentified hermit species (Phaethornis sp.) visited the mineral treatment more than straight nectar. The Black-throated Mango (Anthracothorax nigricollis) made more visits to the vitamin supplemented nectar than to mineral-rich nectar whereas the Glittering-bellied Emerald (Chlorostilbon aureoventris) avoided the vitamin treatment, preferring straight nectar. A general pattern of preference was not found among species.
Nutrition and In Vitro Culture of Insect Parasitoids

toward developmcnt of in vitro culture methods for several species. These methods have been used to examine qualitative and quantitative nutritional and dietary requirements as well as nutritional biochemistry. Moreover, recent investigations indicate that for a few paras ito ids continuous artificial culture may be at hand. Further improvement of in vitro techniques, however, and their successful application in biological control will depend on the acquisition of a far greater knowledge of parasitoid physiology, nutrition, genetics, and behavior.
Late-summer carbon fluxes from Canadian forests and peatlands along an east-west continental transect

Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) during August 2003 was measured by using eddy covariance above 17 forest and 3 peatland sites along an east-west continental-scale transect in Canada. Measured sites included recently disturbed stands, young forest stands, intermediate-aged conifer stands, mature deciduous stands, mature conifer stands, fens, and an open shrub bog. Diurnal courses of NEP showed strong coherence within the different ecosystem categories. Recently dis- turbed sites showed the weakest diurnal cycle; and intermediate-aged conifers, the strongest. The western treed fen had a more pronounced diurnal pattern than the eastern shrub bog or the Saskatchewan patterned fen. All but three sites were clearly afternoon C sinks. Ecosystem respiration was highest for the young fire sites. The intermediate-aged conifer sites had the highest maximum NEP (NEPmax) and gross ecosystem productivity (GEPmax), attaining rates that would be consis- tent with the presence of a strong terrestrial C sink in regions where these types of forest are common. These results sup- port the idea that large-scale C cycle modeling activities would benefit from information on the age-class distribution and disturbance types within larger grid cells. Light use efficiency followed a pattern similar to that of NEPmax and GEPmax. Four of the five recently disturbed sites and all three of the peatland sites had low water use efficiencies. 800
The Australian Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications

In this paper, it is shown that a new Hardy-Hilbert’s type inequality for double series can be established by introducing a parameter λ (1 − q p < λ ≤ 2, 1 p + 1 q = 1, p ≥ q > 1) and the weight function of the formωr (λ, n) = (n! ) 2−λ−r (ln(en) − c)1−r, wherec is Euler constant and r = p, q. And the coefficientB ( λ− ( 1− 2−λ p ) , 1− 2−λ p ) is proved to be the best possible. And as mathematics esthetics, several important constants π, e andc appear simultaneously in the coefficient and the weight function when λ = 1. In particular, for casep = 2, some new Hilbert’s type inequalities are obtained. As applications, some extensions of Hardy-Littlewood’s inequality are given.
Caribbean curatorial agencies: A Cultural Object’s unruliness and its affective aftermaths

This essay analyzes A Cultural Object, an installation made by the Jamaican artist Dawn Scott in 1985, in order to discuss how institutional practices and criticism are framed in contemporary Caribbean art. Through an examination of A Cultural Object’s afterlife in the space of the National Gallery of Jamaica, I attempt to examine the relation between the agencies of the museum, the artist, the spectators, and the installation. In so doing, the text intends to reconsider the potential of unpredictable human and nonhuman relations within Caribbean institutional and cultural spaces.
Thermal Biology of the Predatory Bugs Orius thripoborus and O. naivashae (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)

ABSTRACT Developmental and reproductive traits of two little studied anthocorid predators from southern Africa, Orius thripoborus (Hesse) and Orius naivashae (Poppius), were examined at several constant temperatures. Development was studied at 12, 15, 23, 25, 29, 33, and 35°C. Eggs of both species did not hatch at 12°C. Nymphal survival was poor at 15°C for O. naivashae, and at 33°C and 35°C for O. thripoborus. Total development time of males and females decreased with increasing temperature. Based on a linear degree-day (DD) model, lower threshold temperatures for egg and nymphal development were estimated to be 9.4 and 10.2°C for O. thripoborus, and 11.3 and 11.8°C for O. naivashae. Thermal requirements for these stages were 73.8 and 191.1 DD, and 65.2 and 168.2 DD, respectively. Adult reproduction was studied at 15, 19, 25, and 33°C. Highest lifetime fecundities for O. thripoborus and O. naivashae were found at 25°C. At 15°C, half of the O. thripoborus females oviposited, whereas O. naivashae females only produced infertile eggs. At 33°C, however, most of the O. naivashae females produced eggs, whereas O. thripoborus females did not oviposit. Our observations suggest that O. thripoborus is adapted to a slightly cooler temperature range as compared with O. naivashae. The complementarity of both predators in terms of their temperature adaptation opens possibilities for their use in biological control programs at different times of the season.
Patterns of reproductive strategy parameters in some marine teleost fishes

The development of ideas and methods in the quantitative study of the patterns of growth, maturation and longevity in fish is reviewed. Earlier studies on length and age at maturity, von Bertalanffy growth formula parameters, natural mortality and maximum age for clupeiformes, pleuronectiformes, gadiformes and Sebastes spp. are up-dated and extended. The concept of the Growth-Maturity-Longevity (GML) plot is developed and applied. GML plots for the gadiformes and pleuronectiformes occupy the same two-dimensional space, but those for clupeiformes and Sebastes are located differently from them and from each other. The GML parameter suite for long-lived Sebastes spp. is similar to that of certain higher vertebrates of comparable longevity (minke whale and African elephant). It is suggested that the conventional distinction between the growth of fish being indeterminate and that for higher vertebrates determinate is inappropriate; the main difference is whether the approach to the characteristic maximum size is asymptotic, as in fish and some higher vertebrates, or abrupt as in others, including man.