The Inﬂuence of Patients’ Emotions and Mental Health Histories on Emergency Medicine Nurses Clinical Reasoning and Decision-Making

Summary This experimental study investigates the inﬂuence of patient mental illness (MI) and emotional behaviors on clinical reasoning and decision-making among emergency medicine (EM) nurses. Nurses assessed angry (v. calm) patients who presented to an emergency department (ED) with a physical health concern and either with (or without) a comorbid MI. Summary Using computational linguistics and network statistics, we explored the universality of mind-body dualism and its implications for emotion in a database of concepts across 2,474 spoken languages/20 language families. Although languages broadly distin-guished between mind vs. body, there was also significant variability in how languages conceptualized mind-body links, especially with regard to emotions. Assump-tions about mind-body dualism and emotions vary across human societies. Summary There is no consensus on the nature and number of unique definitions used by people to describe how they feel. An optimal taxonomy should rec-oncile the large number of affective terms with the different granularity levels of individuals. We propose a hierarchical taxonomy of affect based on natural language, which can be used to partition the semantic space at increasing levels of granularity. Summary One intriguing but still unexplored question is whether regulating emotions can leave a trace in the brain by affecting its oscillatory activity. To address this issue, electrical brain activity at rest was recorded before and after deploying an emotion regulation strategy, namely distancing . A significant increase in theta and delta activity after the regulation session emerged, suggesting that regulating emotions can alter brain activity at rest. This is not only of great interest for affective neuroscience, but may also be helpful for clinical applications. Summary This study found diminished resting autonomic nervous system activity in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), a neurodegenerative syndrome that impacts language and emotion. Diminished resting parasympathetic and sympathetic activity were both associated with left-lateralized insula atrophy. In svPPA, deficits in basal autonomic outflow may contribute to the alterations in emotion and social behavior that characterize this syndrome. Summary The literature on threat sensitivity suffers two problems: distinguishing threat from negative stimuli and differentiating responses sped and strengthened by threat vs. delayed and diminished by conscious processing of nonthreat. Three within-sub-ject studies address both issues by comparing responses to threat, negative, positive, and neutral stimuli, and isolated threat sensitivity from opposing effects of conscious attention via subliminal presentation. Summary Awe is a profound emotion that has been hypothesized to have evolutionary roots (Keltner & Haidt, 2003), but we know little about whether awe is present early in life and the development of self-trans-cendent emotions in general. Across two preregistered studies, we found that children discern key features of both positive and threatening awe experiences from neutral experiences, contributing to a better understanding of early self-transcendent experiences. Summary Media reporting people playing and sing-ing from Italian balconies during the COVID-19 lock-down highlighted the importance of sharing music for improving the affective state. By implementing an online behavioural protocol simulating a social shared experience, we show that listening to music with other people can significantly increase the pleasure felt by the participants. Summary Opioids are thought to be so addictive because they make people feel great, either by inducing euphoria or by relieving stress and anxiety. The endogenous opioid system is believed to similarly improve mood in the healthy human brain. Our data suggest that positive opioid effects on mood are rare in non-opioid users. Probing subjective report data from 172 healthy non-opioid users from two placebo-controlled experi-ments with per-oral opioids 1,2 and one open-label study with intravenous opioid effects pre-surgery, we observe variability in the subjective responses and no overall improvement of mood in individuals without a history of opioid misuse. Summary In this study, we employed MVPA to investigate structural brain features predictive of successful real-time fMRI-based anterior insula regulation. Our results indicate the main contribution of FPCN and SN along with cerebellum to learned anterior insula control. Altogether, our findings highlight specific regions involved in real-time fMRI-based emotion regulation and partial overlap with brain networks related to cognitive emotion regulation. Summary Although interpersonal emotion regulation in the form of co-rumination and the use of digital technol-ogy is prominent during adolescence, no study to date has investigated the effects of co-rumination through multiple modalities of communication (i.e., in-person, text, social media, phone). This study investigated the effects of co-rumination through different modalities of communication on co-rumination use, affect, and relationship closeness. Findings revealed that co-rumination occurs across all communication modalities, though adolescents spend the most time co-ruminating in person. Furthermore, the effect of co-rumination in one modality on the future use of co-rumination within that same modality and across other modalities and the impacts on affect and relationship closeness are uniquely attributed to specific modalities and not others. The results of this study have important implications for the field of interpersonal emotion regulation and for efforts to better support adolescents’ emotional development. Summary Three preregistered studies were conducted on boredom felt in parenthood the very first to tackle this ill-understood area not only qualitatively but also quantitatively, providing detailed information on the nature of boredom felt by parents. The inclusion of measures of situational characteristics and personality moreover help to specify these boring instants and the parents who experience it. Summary We investigated the effect of affective valence and arousal on taste perception. Participants were divided into four groups. Each group watched different videos that evoked positive/negative and high arousal/low arousal emotional states. After the affective induction, they were asked to drank the same juice. On one hand, valence levels inﬂuenced the perception of sweetness, bitterness and likeability of the juice. On the other hand, there was no evidence of the inﬂuence of arousal on taste perception. Behavioural results in Experiment 3. The representational dissimilarity matrix equivalent dissimilarity between emotional and neutral categories, E12 and N12. scaling analysis Summary We explored the factor structure of the Self-Compassion Scale-Chinese version (SCS-C) and how Chinese young adults understand self-compassion. Our study identified cultural factors in the understanding of self-compassion that may explain psychometric problems with the current SCS-C and provided sugges-tions for its revision and for how to use the current version of the SCS-C in empirical research.