Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RNA Fibers as Optimized Nanoscaffolds for siRNA Coordination and Reduced Immunological Recognition

RNA is a versatile biomaterial that can be used to engineer nanoassemblies for personalized treatment of various diseases. Despite promising advancements, the design of RNA nanoassemblies with minimal recognition by the immune system remains a major challenge. Here, an approach is reported to engineer RNA fibrous structures to operate as a customizable platform for efficient coordination of siRNAs and for maintaining low immunostimulation. Functional RNA fibers are studied in silico and their formation is confirmed by various experimental techniques and visualized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). It is demonstrated that the RNA fibers offer multiple advantages among which are: i) programmability and modular design that allow for simultaneous controlled delivery of multiple siRNAs and fluorophores, ii) reduced immunostimulation when compared to other programmable RNA nanoassemblies, and iii) simple production protocol for endotoxin‐free fibers with the option of their cotranscriptional assembly. Furthermore, it is shown that functional RNA fibers can be efficiently delivered with various organic and inorganic carriers while retaining their structural integrity in cells. Specific gene silencing triggered by RNA fibers is assessed in human breast cancer and melanoma cell lines, with the confirmed ability of functional fibers to selectively target single nucleotide mutations.
Effect of Irrigation and Fertilization on Growth and Yield in Coriander: A Review

Coriander is second most important seed spice crop grown for its seed as well as leaves. Among the major yield determining factors, NPK fertilization along with correct supply of water play an important role in the quality and yield aspects of coriander. Since coriander is grown mainly in arid and semi-arid areas, water is one of the main constraints in crop production as these growing areas are deficit in annual rainfall. Coriander grown particularly during winter season requires assured irrigation for successful production. Also, dumping of huge quantity of fertilizers in the soil becomes uneconomical besides polluting the environment. Therefore, application of optimum dose of fertilizers not only increases the yield but also improves the quality of the crop as well as soil. Extensive research work has been reported on irrigation and fertilizer requirement of coriander. Therefore, an attempt is been made to review the information available regarding the irrigation and fertilization studies and their impact on growth, yield and other attributing parameters of coriander.
COMMUNICATIONS Time-resolved vibrationally mediated photodissociation of HNO3: Watching vibrational energy flow

Ultrafast excitation of an O–H stretching vibrational followed by photodissociation of the energized molecules allows direct observation of the time for intramolecular energy redistribution in isolated nitric acid. We excite the first overtone of the O–H stretch vibration in HNO3 with a 100 fs laser pulse. A second, time-delayed pulse preferentially photodissociates molecules having vibrational excitation in modes orthogonal to the O–H stretch. The photodissociation yield increases as a function of time because energy flows out of the initially excited O–H bond into other more efficiently dissociated vibrations. The single exponential time constant for this intramolecular vibrational relaxation is 12 ps, consistent with moderate coupling of the O–H stretch to states close in energy.
Probing electronic and structural properties of single molecules on the atomic scale

In this thesis work, a combination of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study single atoms and molecules on thin insulating films. We show that noncontact-AFM can yield important additional information for these systems, which had previously been studied only with STM. In particular, we demonstrate that the charge states of single gold adatoms can be detected with Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Furthermore, it is described how AFM can be used to image the chemical structure of a molecule with atomic resolution if the microscope tip is functionalized with suitable single atoms or molecules. This method was then applied to study the exact geometry of a molecular switch consisting of a single gold atom and a PTCDA molecule, and to help in the elucidation of the structure of an unknown molecule from the deep sea. Finally, we were able to combine the high resolution of our AFM molecular imaging technique with the charge sensitivity of KPFM to directly image for the first time the charge distribution within a single molecule. These investigations show that by combining STM and AFM, the electronic and structural properties of single molecules can be revealed in unprecedented detail. The possibility of directly imaging the chemical structure and the intramolecular charge distribution could lead to new fundamental insights into single-molecule switching and bond formation – processes that are usually accompanied by a structural rearrangement and/or an intra- or intermolecular redistribution of charge.
Executive Function Predicts the Validity of Subjective Memory Complaints in Older Adults beyond Demographic, Emotional, and Clinical Factors

Although evidence suggests that subjective memory complaints (SMCs) could be a risk factor for dementia, the relationship between SMCs and objective memory performance remains controversial. Old adults with or without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may represent a highly heterogeneous group, based partly on the demonstrated variability in the level of executive function among those individuals. It is reasonable to speculate that the accuracy of the memory-monitoring ability could be affected by the level of executive function in old adults. This study investigated the effects of executive function level on the consistency between SMCs and objective memory performance while simultaneously considering demographic and clinical variables in nondemented older adults. Participants were recruited from both the memory clinics and local communities. Participants comprised 65 cognitively normal (CN) older adults and 54 patients with MCI. Discrepancy scores between subjective memory evaluation and objective memory performance were calculated to determine the degree and directionality of the concordance between subjective and objective measures. Demographic, emotional, genetic, and clinical information as well as several executive function measurements were collected. The CN and MCI groups exhibited similar degrees of SMC; however, the patients with MCI were more likely to overestimate their objective memory ability, whereas the CN adults were more likely to underestimate their objective memory ability. The results also revealed that symptoms of depression, group membership, and the executive function level together predicted the discrepancy between the subjective and objective measures of memory function; however, the executive function level retained its unique predictive ability even after the symptoms of depression, group membership, and other factors were controlled for. Although both noncognitive and cognitive factors were necessary for consideration, the level of executive function may play a unique role in understanding the equivocal relationship of the concurrence between subjective complaints and objective function measures. Through a comprehensive evaluation, high-risk individuals (i.e., CN individuals heightened self-awareness of memory changes) may possibly be identified or provided with the necessary intervention during stages at which objective cognitive impairment remains clinically unapparent.
Image processing and analysis methods for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is an ongoing, nationwide study of the effects of environmental influences on behavioral and brain development in adolescents. The ABCD Study is a collaborative effort, including a Coordinating Center, 21 data acquisition sites across the United States, and a Data Analysis and Informatics Center (DAIC). The main objective of the study is to recruit and assess over eleven thousand 9-10-year-olds and follow them over the course of 10 years to characterize normative brain and cognitive development, the many factors that influence brain development, and the effects of those factors on mental health and other outcomes. The study employs state-of-the-art multimodal brain imaging, cognitive and clinical assessments, bioassays, and careful assessment of substance use, environment, psychopathological symptoms, and social functioning. The data will provide a resource of unprecedented scale and depth for studying typical and atypical development. Here, we describe the baseline neuroimaging processing and subject-level analysis methods used by the ABCD DAIC in the centralized processing and extraction of neuroanatomical and functional imaging phenotypes. Neuroimaging processing and analyses include modality-specific corrections for distortions and motion, brain segmentation and cortical surface reconstruction derived from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), analysis of brain microstructure using diffusion MRI (dMRI), task-related analysis of functional MRI (fMRI), and functional connectivity analysis of resting-state fMRI. Highlights An overview of the MRI processing pipeline for the ABCD Study A discussion on the challenges of large, multisite population studies A methodological reference for users of publicly shared data from the ABCD Study
Management of hydrallantois and pathological description of affected fetus in a Murrah Buffalo - a case report.

A 6 years old Murrah buffalo pregnant about 8 months was presented with the history of sudden bilateral distension of abdomen and obstetrical examination revealed that the uterus was distended with voluminous quantity of fetal fluid. The pregnancy was terminated and 60 h after termination, the cervix was fully dilated and fetal membranes were intentionally ruptured which resulted in gushing of about 150 liters of watery amber colored allantoic fluid from the uterus which confirmed the diagnosis of hydrallantois. By normal traction, dead male fetus was delivered. The dead fetus was subjected to gross and histopathological examination to confirm the cause of hydrallantois.
Investigation of Carbon Dioxide Adsorption on Amino-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica

Carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption on unfunctionalized and amino-functionalized SBA-3 materials are investigated and compared in this study. The synthesized materials are characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) method, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The isotherms of these materials have been measured using volumetric method at 298 K up to 5 bar. The adsorption capacity of CO2 by mesoporous silica was enhanced through functionalization with amine groups. It is observed that the pentaethylene hexamine functionalized SBA-3 (SBA-3/PEHA) shows a higher adsorption capacity towards CO2 compared to other adsorbents.
Relationship of Mean Platelet Volume and HbA1c in Predicting the Level of Diabetes Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: MPV is an indicator of platelet size and MPV is increased in DM as compared to non-diabetics, more so in presence of complications. There are few studies evaluating the association between MPV and HbA1c and its role in predicting glycaemic control with conflicting results. The present study was planned to determine the relationship between MPV and HbA1c in predicting the level of diabetes control in type 2 DM. Methodology: Cross sectional observational study including 100 consecutive cases of type 2 DM aged between 30 to 60 years. Mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet count were obtained from fully automated haematology analyser Sysmex KX-21. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was analysed by automated haemoglobin analyser. Results: The mean age among 100 type 2 DM cases was 49.58 ± 14.49 years. The mean value of MPV and HbA1c was 10.25±0.90fl and 5.66± 1.17% respectively. There was no significant correlation found between MPV and HbA1c (r=0.110, p=0.275). Similarly, there were no significant association between MPV and three levels of glycaemic control. Conclusion: MPV is not a reliable marker for determining glycaemic control in type 2 DM.
Lipogenic subdomains of the ER : the role of seipin

10 by tunicamycin, a drug which leads to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER. We propose that increasing LDs may aid cells in coping with misfolded proteins. We next focused on deciphering the function of seipin in LD formation and ER-LD contacts. Endogenously tagged seipin was found to localize stably at ER-LD contact sites, but a BSCL2-linked mutant failed to do so. Knockout (KO) of seipin led to the formation of numerous tiny LDs, which failed to grow and recruit protein and lipid cargo from the ER. Furthermore, whilst all LDs in control cells were connected to the ER, as assessed by 3D-electron microscopy, seipin KO lead to a subset of LDs completely detaching from the ER. The remaining LDs of seipin KO cells also showed morphologically aberrant and dysfunctional ER-LD contacts. As similar defects were also evident in BSCL2 patient fibroblasts, we propose that seipin is crucial for the formation of ER-LD contacts and cargo delivery. Finally, we found that seipin can determine the site where LDs start to form, as relocalization of seipin to a subdomain of the ER, the nuclear envelope, was sufficient to relocalize LD biogenesis to that site. Utilizing electron tomography, we found that seipin-mediated ER-LD contact sites display a uniform neck-like architecture, suggesting that the seipin oligomer may structurally restrain this site. Seipin was also required for ER-LD contact maintenance, as acute removal of seipin from ER-LD contacts lead rapidly to strikingly heterogonous LD growth. Further studies revealed that this heterogeneity arises via a biophysical ripening process, with NLs partitioning from smaller to larger LDs via LD-ER contacts. These data suggest seipin-mediated ER-LD contacts function as a valve facilitating NL flux from the ER to LDs, thus allowing controlled LD growth. Overall, this thesis provides insight into the function of the lipodystrophy protein seipin and the mechanisms of LD formation. Our data suggest that the ER-LD nexus could be considered as a joint system, with continuous bidirectional trafficking of cargo occurring via ER-LD contacts mediated by seipin. Future work will be required to investigate the molecular intricacies of the lipid flux occurring at ER-LD contacts. A deeper understanding of LD biology will aid in the development of new therapeutics for a number of pathologies, including seipin-related disorders and common metabolic disturbances.
A Discussion on volcanism and the structure of the Earth - Cenozoic volcanism and plate-tectonic evolution of the Western United States. II. Late cenozoic

A major change in volcanic associations and their tectonic settings occurred in much of the Western United States during late Cenozoic time. Where this volcano-tectonic transition can be documented, an earlier orogenic and post-orogenic association of predominantly calc-alkalic andesitic rocks typical of circum-Pacific continental margin and island arcs was succeeded by fundamentally basaltic volcamsm which accompanied regional normal and strike-slip faulting. The igneous fields regarded here as fundamentally basaltic include: (1) basaltic fields, (2) alkalic fields in which differentiated igneous series commonly can be related to alkali-basaltic parent magmas, and (3) bimodal associations of mafic and silicic rocks, generally basalts and high-silica rhyolites. Similar igneous fields occur in other regions of the world characterized by tectonic extension. The nature and timing of the late Genozoic volcano-tectonic transition in various areas of the Western United States are documented from published references. The transition began in the southeastern part of the region in latest Oligocene time and moved northwestward through Miocene, Pliocene, and Quaternary time. The inception of basaltic, alkalic, or bimodal volcanism and associated regional extension of inland areas appears to date the times at which plate-tectonic boundaries between North America and two Pacific plates underwent drastic changes. These changes resulted from collision of the East Pacific Rise with a mid-Tertiary continental-margin trench and resulting direct contact of the American and western Pacific plates along a right-lateral transform fault system. These platetectonic interactions have evolved continuously and have determined the volcanic and tectonic evolution of the Western United States for the last 30 million years.
Evaluation of Role of Tru-Cut Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Clinically Palpable Breast Lumps

BACKGROUND Many diseases affect the breast that range from inflammatory conditions, benign lesions to malignant lesions, most of which present as lumps in the breast. Breast lumps are one of the frequent complaints that we come across in surgical OPDs. Breast lumps not only create apprehension but also can cause unacceptable pain and impairment if they are found to be malignant. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), Tru-Cut biopsy, incision biopsy and excision biopsy are the pathological investigations available for the diagnosis of breast lesions. This study is done to evaluate the role of Tru-Cut biopsy in diagnosing the breast lesions and compare it with FNAC and histopathology. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC were 86.36%, 93.75%, 90.47%, 90.90% and 90.74 % respectively. For Tru-Cut biopsy the values were 95.45%, 100%, 100%, 96.96 % and 98.14 % respectively. Tru-Cut biopsy has better efficacy over FNAC in our study. The superiority of Tru-Cut biopsy is particularly seen in Sclerosing, papillary, fibro-epithelial lesions and malignancies with inconclusive and suspicious FNAC results.
Analyses of genome‐scale variation reveal divergence of two Sinalliaria species (Brassicaceae) with continuous but limited gene flow

Numerous biogeographic studies have suggested that geographic isolations triggered by Quaternary climatic changes could have contributed greatly to the high species diversity of eastern Asia. However, little is known about how speciation proceeded during the evolutionary divergence of sister species in this region. In this study, we examined genomic divergence and investigated the speciation process of the two species in the genus Sinalliaria endemic to eastern China, S. limprichtiana (Pax) X. F. Jin, Y. Y. Zhou & H. W. Zhang and S. grandifolia (Z. X. An) Huan Hu, com. nov. (Basionym: Alliaria grandifolia Z. X. An (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 23: 396, 1985)). We sequenced the transcriptomes of seven and eight S. limprichtiana and S. grandifolia individuals, respectively. Analysis of transcriptome single nucleotide polymorphism data indicated that both species were well‐delineated with strong genetic differentiation (mean FST = 0.31). A total of 4000 genes showed differential expression between the two species. Based on these genome‐scale nucleotide variations, we used the allele frequency spectrum for modeling analysis with fastsimcoal to gain insights into the speciation process. Our results suggested divergence with continuous gene flow between the two species. These findings will add to our knowledge on the origin of species diversity in eastern Asia.
Recovered measurements of the 1960s stratospheric aerosol layer for new constraints for volcanic forcing in the years after 1963 Agung

1:School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K. 2: UK National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Univ. Leeds, U.K. 3: Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Vallidolid, Vallidolid, Spain 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, U.S.A. 5: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH-Zurich, Switzerland 6: Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, U.S.A.
Theoretical study of the reactivity of monuron and its protonated forms

A theoretical study of 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and its protonated isomers has been carried out, to emphasize the experimental results of the electrostatic interactions in the herbicide models, for investigating the implications taking place on the structural parameters starting from the gaseous phase to the aqueous one. It has been found that its functionalized structure gives us three protonated targets. The calculations has been performed on both neutral and protonated forms using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the hybrid functional B3LYP. Many molecular parameters have been studied. To identify the reactive sites, our study has focused on the local and the global reactivity descriptors explaining the chemical reactivity. The calculations have demonstrated that the attacks on the aliphatic branched exocyclic positions are privileged to those of the aromatic ring. Studying the solvent effect has revealed that there is a change in the hierarchy of the electrophilicity. Various vibrational modes have been exploited to discuss the literary spectroscopic data.
Diagnosis and control of foot rot pathogens of wheat

Foot rot disease of wheat is caused by the pathogens Fusarium culmorum, F. avenaceum and Microdochium nivale. Symptoms of foot rot are a general browning of the stem base and leaf sheath. There is a discrepancy between the ability of fungicides to control these pathogens in vivo and in vitro, and no relationship between disease symptom severity and yield loss has been established in wheat. The identification of the causal agents of foot rot disease is not possible from examination of disease symptoms alone. This work showed that the azole fungicides flusilazole and prochloraz inhibited the germination of conidia and mycelial growth of F. culmorum, F. avenaceum and M. nivale in vitro to a varying extent. However, no consistent control of these pathogens in wheat was observed in the field using the same fungicides. Further studies employing a semicontrolled outdoor experiment showed a relationship between density and timing of inoculum application, disease symptom severity and yield loss in wheat artificially inoculated with F. culmorum and M. nivale. Molecular marker systems were used to address the problem of pathogen detection and identification. A Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was developed to differentiate F. culmorum, F. avenaceum and two types ofM. nivale (M. nivale var.nivale and M. nivale var.majus in vitro. Selected RAPD products were cloned and sequenced and species specific primers constructed from this sequence information. These primers were used in the polymerase chain reaction (peR) and were shown to detect the pathogens in host tissue. This technique was adapted by addition of a competitor fragment to the peR reaction resulting in a quantifiable competitive peR assay. Using this method the fungal biomass of each pathogen present in the host tissue could be estimated. The development of these techniques for the identification, detection and quantification of F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, M. nivale var.nivale and M. nivale var. majus in plant tissue will allow more extensive studies of the epidemiology of these species, the competition between species and the effect of fungicides on these pathogens can be carried out.