Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Onset of the Madden-Julian Oscillation and its Relation to the Southeastern Indian Ocean Cooling

The relation among sea surface temperature (SST) cooling in the southeastern Indian Ocean (SEIO), oceanic Rossby waves, and the seasonal onset of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is examined for the period 1993-2012. A westward propagation of the annual downwelling Rossby waves occurs in the southern Indian Ocean for most of the years. However, its amplitude and phase speed vary every year. Positive SST anomalies migrate concurrently with the Rossby waves but are followed by a wide-spread cold pool in the SEIO from boreal summer to fall. Whereas the cold pool tends to persist for a longer period until November during positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and/or El Nino years, it occurs irrespective of the IOD. Convection related to the MJO events during boreal winter propagates from the Indian Ocean to the Paciﬁc only after the cold pool is terminated. A correlation analysis indicates that the SST cold pool is conﬁned to the Southern Hemisphere, but its inﬂuence on convection reaches north of the equator via excitation of the local circulations over the eastern Indian Ocean and the tropical western Paciﬁc. The resulting southerly surface-wind anomalies may advect dry air south of the equator to the north and suppress atmospheric convection around the equator. Thus, the SEIO cold pool tends to prevent intraseasonal convection from propagating eastward to the Paciﬁc. Brieﬂy analyzing the process of the cold pool formation shows that SST variability in the SEIO during boreal summer to fall correlates well with zonal advection and surface heat ﬂux. In turn, zonal advection is connected to the strength of westward currents associated with the Rossby waves. Clarifying the SEIO upper-ocean processes can contribute in predicting the seasonal onset of an MJO sequence.
The Demise of Sverdrup Basin: Late Cretaceous-Paleogene Sequence Stratigraphy and Forward Modeling

ABSTRACT Five third-order stratigraphic sequences comprising Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene successions on Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg islands (Kanguk Formation and Eureka Sound Group) record fundamental changes in the mechanisms of subsidence and the ultimate demise of Sverdrup Basin. Sequence I (Cenomanian-Maastrichtian) represents a continuation of typical Sverdrup sedimentation patterns (delta and associated facies), and long-lived, thermally controlled subsidence where sedimentation rates averaged 3 cm/ky. Relative fall of base level at the end of the Cretaceous resulted in n basinwide sub-Paleocene unconformity, below which some or all Maastrichtian strata were removed. This event coincided with changes in sea-floor spreading in Canada Basin and northern Labrador Sea, and rejuvenation of volc nism along the northern basin margin. Foredeep-like subsidence and sedimentation began in the Paleogene. Subsidence was caused by compression and crustal buckling associated with shortening between Greenland and Arctic North America rather than by tectonically emplaced vertical loads. Accordingly, Sequences 2 to 4 (Paleocene-Middle Eocene) record significant increases in subsidence and sedimentation rates in the "preorogenic" basin. Deposition in the preorogenic Sverdrup Basin culminated with Sequence 4 (Late Paleocene-Middle Eocene), the basin being filled to sea level. Basin size, and sedimentation rates that averaged 15 cm/ky but sometimes were as high as 20-40 cm/ky, were greatest during deposition of Sequences 3 and 4. Syntectonic conglomerate appears locally in Early Eocene fault-b unded basins (Sequence 4--Otto Fiord and Emma Fiord). Nevertheless, the preorogenic basin survived as a subsiding entity until Middle Eocene time, despite the local deformation. Increased shortening and crustal failure during Middle Eocene time eventually fragmented the Sverdrup Basin into narrow, syntectonic intermontane basins (Sequence 5), marking its demise.
On-Farm Composting Using Two Different Windrow Methods: A Stochastic Budgeting Analysis

Abstract Two commercial-scale windrow composting methods were investigated for their relative costs of production and value for the horticulture industry, including: (i) aerobic (or thermophilic) composting; and (ii) fermentative (or static pile inoculated) composting. Economic costs, including opportunity costs, were estimated and analyzed using data from a case study on-site compost production for tree and shrub nursery production in British Columbia, Canada. Deterministic and stochastic budgeting models were used to determine breakeven prices and short-run shut-down prices (SRSDP), and testing for potential economies of scale. Monte Carlo simulations were used to assess the sensitivity of costs to uncertainty in key output variables. The composting methods used demonstrate that the composts produced are of satisfactory quality, with physical and chemical properties within typical recommended ranges for agricultural use. Total cost of producing a tonne of fermentative compost (CAD$23) was lower than for thermophilic compost (CAD$37). Short-term shutdown price was higher for thermophilic than for fermentative compost produced by CAD$11 tonne−1. Economies of scale were more apparent for thermophilic than the fermentative composting system. Conclusions from the stochastic analysis were consistent with results from the deterministic cost analysis. The empirical economic cost estimates are useful for a wide variety of audiences, including policy makers and decision makers interested in capital and operating costs of composting, and cost-based pricing strategy for compost produced. Breakeven prices fill an industry knowledge gap regarding profitability of compost production given prevailing market prices.
Extended IgE profile of shrimp-sensitized patients based on Multiplex Examination ALEX2 – Allergy Explorer

Introduction The key to the correct diagnosis of shrimp allergy is a qualification to the most efficient diagnostic method and later interpretation of the result. To achieve this, it is necessary to apply a diagnostic strategy relevant to each patient’s clinical situation and approach every case individually. Aim In this study the allergen profile of shrimp-sensitized patients was analysed using ALEX2 Allergy Explorer. Material and methods This study includes 50 adult patients with positive prick-by-prick tests with tiger shrimp bought from the local eco-market and an elevated concentration of IgE specific to the shrimp allergen extract (ImmunoCap). A total of 35 patients with negative skin prick tests with shrimp and not detectable sIgE shrimp in ImmunoCap were included in the control group. All patients had ALEX2 Allergy Explorer microarray test. Results In the shrimp-sensitized group, 22 patients were sensitized to at least one allergen component of Penaeus monodon, 20 patients were sensitized to crab, and 20 were sensitized to lobster. Only 15 (30%) patients were sensitized to the Northern prawn (Pandalus borealis) allergen extract in ALEX2 and only 12 (24%) to Shrimp mix (Litopenaeus setiferus, Farfantepenaeus aztecus, Farfantepenaeus dourarum). Conclusions Sensitization to shrimp tropomyosin in the research group was present only in 34% of cases. There may be other shrimp allergen components, not available in ALEX2, which are responsible for shrimp sensitization.
A prospective open-label study of the antifungal activity of external forms of activated zinc pyrithione in the treatment of Malassezia-associated skin diseases

Background: currently,there is insufficient data on the antifungal activity of activated zinc pyrithione, which is widely used in practice. Taking into account the reports about a significant role ofMalasseziain the pathogenesis of a number of dermatoses, the study of this issue is of scientific, practical interest. Aims:to evaluate the antifungal activity of external forms of activated zinc pyrithione in the treatment of psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor. Materials and methods:an open prospective study was conducted between March and July 2022. Patients with psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor were treated with external forms of activated zinc pyrithione for 21 days. Skin scales and circular prints from lesion foci, as well as from skin areas without clinical manifestations before and after therapy were studied. A quantitative assessment of skin colonization by micromycetes of Malassezia was performed using microscopic, cultural methods of examination. Clinical efficacy and drug safety of the therapy was assessed using the Dermatological Symptom Scale Index, by recording adverse events at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3. Results:64 patients aged 18 to 65 years with diagnoses of psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and pityriasis versicolor were included. 60 patients completed the study, 4 were excluded due to failure to adhere to the schedule. In patients with seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasis versicolor in the lesion foci after therapy, a significant decrease colonization level according to the results of microscopic, cultural studies was observed. In psoriasis patients, a significant decrease in the colonization level was obtained only based on the results of microscopic examination. In all groups, significant differences in comparison to the initial level were registered already at the 1st week of treatment. No adverse events were registered.
Analysis of Beef Cattle Population in Bulukumba Districk, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the development of beef cattle population, as well as to identify government efforts in order to develop beef cattle population in Kajang District. The study was carried out from February – August 2021 which is located in Kajang District, Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Quantitative data were analyzed using trend analysis, with the results of the study that there is a development of beef cattle population in Kajang District, Bulukumba Regency. For the period 2021 and 2022 shows that have been made by the development will continue to occur in the following year.
Sensitivity of the simulated distributions of water masses, CFCs, and bomb 14C to parameterizations of mesoscale tracer transports in a model of the North Pacific

Abstract A basinwide ocean general circulation model of the North Pacific Ocean is used to study the sensitivity of the simulated distributions of water masses, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and bomb carbon-14 isotope (14C) to parameterizations of mesoscale tracer transports. Five simulations are conducted, including a run with the traditional horizontal mixing scheme and four runs with the isopycnal transport parameterization of Gent and McWilliams (GM). The four GM runs use different values of isopycnal and skew diffusivities. Simulated results show that the GM mixing scheme can help to form North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW). Greater isopycnal diffusivity enhances formation of NPIW. Although greater skew diffusivity can also generate NPIW, it makes the subsurface too fresh. Results from simulations of CFC uptake show that greater isopycnal diffusivity generates the best results relative to observations in the western North Pacific. The model generally underestimates the inventories of CFCs in the we.
QUALITY OF LIFE AND GLYCAEMIC CONTROL AMONG OLDER POPULATION WITH DIABETES IN THREE DISTRICTS OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

The older population is increasing in numbers worldwide. Most of them have multiple comorbidities including diabetes. The diabetic control in elderly is usually challenging. Their quality of life and socioeconomic condition either in rural or urban area could affect their disease progress. This study aims to measure the diabetic control and its associated factors, including quality of life among the older population with diabetes in three different districts of Malaysia. The patients’ health and background details were recorded. Validated Malay version of diabetes quality of life questionnaire was used. 485 elderly diabetic patients were recruited based on two proportion formula comprising all clinics in those districts representing urban vs rural area. Data were analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression for the association. Only 30.5% of the patients have good diabetic control with patients in Kuala Terengganu district achieved better sugar control (p < 0.001). However, the only significant diabetic control predictor is the quality of life of the elderly patients (OR = 1.32, CI 1.047 – 1.224). Level of diabetes control in these three districts are poor, concomitant with the poor control of the elderly non-communicable disease profiles. It is essential to embark on holistic approach in dealing with the elderly diabetic management and identify measures to improve quality of life in those with poor glycaemic control in order to have better disease outcome.
A Study of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure During a Clear Day in the Arid Region of Northwest China

The local climate and atmospheric circulation pattern exert a clear influence on the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) formation and development in Northwest China. In this paper, we use field observational data to analyze the distribution and characteristics of the ABL in the extremely arid desert in Dunhuang, Northwest China. These data show that the daytime convective boundary layer and night time stable boundary layer in this area extend to higher altitudes than in other areas. In the night time, the stable boundary layer exceeds 900 m in altitude and can sometimes peak at 1750 m, above which the residual layer may reach up to about 4000 m. The daytime convective boundary layer develops rapidly after entering the residual layer, and exceeds 4000 m in thickness. The results show that the deep convective boundary layer in the daytime is a pre-requisite for maintaining the deep residual mixed layer in the night time. Meanwhile, the deep residual mixed layer in the night time provides favorable thermal conditions for the development of the convective boundary layer in the daytime. The prolonged periods of clear weather that often occurs in this area allow the cumulative effect of the atmospheric residual layer to develop fully, which creates thermal conditions beneficial for the growth of the daytime convective boundary layer. At the same time, the land surface process and atmospheric motion within the surface layer in this area also provide helpful support for forming the particular structure of the thermal ABL. High surface temperature is clearly the powerful external thermal forcing for the deep convective boundary layer. Strong sensible heat flux in the surface layer provides the required energy. Highly convective atmosphere and strong turbulence provide the necessary dynamic conditions, and the accumulative effect of the residual layer provides a favorable thermal environment.
Attributes that define preferences for cheese in southern Chile: do consumers value information about the carbon footprint?

Considering the negative contribution of the food sector to climate change, a survey was conducted with 400 people in Temuco (Araucania Region, Chile) to distinguish the preferences for different types of cheese, with different Countries of origin, information about the carbon footprint, packaging, presentations and prices in supermarkets in Temuco. Consumer segments were also distinguished in relation to their aforementioned preferences and characteristics. Using a conjoint analysis it was determined that the type of cheese was more important than origin, packaging, price, presentation, and the information about the carbon footprint. Consumers preferred Chilean cheese and cheese imported from Holland, unpackaged, in slices, at the highest price, with no information about the carbon footprint. A hierarchical cluster analysis identified four market segments: “consumers sensitive to the type of cheese” (Group 1, 22.2%), “consumers sensitive to packaging and Country of origin, who prefer the product with information about the CF” (Group 2, 22.2%), “consumers ensitive to the origin, presentation and type of cheese” (Group 3, 37.3%) and “consumers sensitive to the Country of origin” (Group 4, 18.3%). The segments differed in their degree of satisfaction with food-related life, frequency of purchase of imported food, frequency of cheese consumption, monthly expenditure on food and socioeconomic level. In Temuco, almost 80% of the sample did not yet value having information about the carbon footprint regarding food of animal origin, such as cheese.
G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 Selectively Enhances β-Arrestin Recruitment to the D2 Dopamine Receptor through Mechanisms That Are Independent of Receptor Phosphorylation

The D2 dopamine receptor (D2R) signals through both G proteins and β-arrestins to regulate important physiological processes, such as movement, reward circuitry, emotion, and cognition. β-arrestins are believed to interact with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) at the phosphorylated C-terminal tail or intracellular loops. GPCR kinases (GRKs) are the primary drivers of GPCR phosphorylation, and for many receptors, receptor phosphorylation is indispensable for β-arrestin recruitment. However, GRK-mediated receptor phosphorylation is not required for β-arrestin recruitment to the D2R, and the role of GRKs in D2R–β-arrestin interactions remains largely unexplored. In this study, we used GRK knockout cells engineered using CRISPR-Cas9 technology to determine the extent to which β-arrestin recruitment to the D2R is GRK-dependent. Genetic elimination of all GRK expression decreased, but did not eliminate, agonist-stimulated β-arrestin recruitment to the D2R or its subsequent internalization. However, these processes were rescued upon the re-introduction of various GRK isoforms in the cells with GRK2/3 also enhancing dopamine potency. Further, treatment with compound 101, a pharmacological inhibitor of GRK2/3 isoforms, decreased β-arrestin recruitment and receptor internalization, highlighting the importance of this GRK subfamily for D2R–β-arrestin interactions. These results were recapitulated using a phosphorylation-deficient D2R mutant, emphasizing that GRKs can enhance β-arrestin recruitment and activation independently of receptor phosphorylation.
Sufficient Conditions for Nonoscillation of Delay Differential Equations with Positive and Negative Coefficients using Schauder’s Fixed Point Theorem

Schauder’s fixed point theorem and its applications to delay differential equations (DDEs) cannot be over emphasized. In this work, interesting results regarding the sufficient conditions for nonoscillation of more generalized forms of DDEs are established and provides improvements on the results obtained in the past. However, applying the theorem and the characteristic equation of DDE with constant coefficients helps to determine those conditions. Lastly, to ascertain a claim from an existing literature for a solution that is on oscillatory and has such larger solutions, comparison theorem is used and the results are found to be true.
A case of severe COVID-19 and influenza co-infection

Aim. To analyze a case of severe COVID-19 and influenza co-infection in a 48-year-old female patient. Materials and methods. The clinical course, specifics of diagnosis and therapy of the 48-year-old patient S. , who was treated for severe co-infection of COVID-19 and influenza at Municipal non-profit Enterprise “Regional Infectious Clinical Hospital” Zaporizhzhіa Regional Council from 29.01. 2023 to 17.02. 2023, were analyzed. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 Ag in nasopharyngeal swabs by the immunochromatographic method, and the diagnosis of influenza – by the influenza A viral RNA detection by the polymerase chain reaction method. Current regulatory documents were used when examining and treating the patient. Results. It has been recognized that the unvaccinated 48-year-old female patient was at a risk group due to comorbid pathology (stage 2 hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, grade 2 obesity) developed a severe course of COVID-19 and influenza type A co-infection. The course of co-infection was complicated by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome already on the 6th day of the disease. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by a rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen test. Treatment for COVID-19 was started immediately with the use of remdesivir, dexamethasone, and anticoagulants. However, despite the patient was given the treatment, his condition worsened due to the rapid progression of acute respiratory failure. The presence of clear clinical and laboratory signs of “cytokine storm” required the use of tocilizumab on the 7th day of the disease. Oseltamivir was commenced after receiving laboratory confirmation of influenza A by the PCR method on the 8th day of the disease. A complete etiologic interpretation of the diagnosis made it possible to prescribe a combination antiviral treatment which coupled with the timely additional initiation of tocilizumab, allowed obtaining certain positive dynamics after only five days of treatment with further improvement of the patient’s condition. Conclusions. Our clinical observation has demonstrated the severe course of COVID-19 and influenza co-infection in the unvaccinated high-risk 48-year-old female patient due to the presence of comorbid pathology. The complete etiologic interpretation of the co-infection has made it possible to prescribe the combination antiviral treatment, which coupled with the additional correction of the immunotropic treatment has enabled to obtain the positive dynamics after only 5 days with further improvement of the patient’s condition
Seismotectonics and seismic hazard in areas of differing crustal deformation rates

Expressions for crustal deformation as evidenced by seismic moment release or slip rates are derived from a Weibull distribution and Guinbel's third distribution of extreme values in earthquake magnitudes. These are compared with the tectonically observed values, as are the maximum magnitudes obtained by the statistical studies with those inferred from maximum fault areas. Both types of distribution exhibit a good match between the seismic and tectonic crustal deformation in the following areas: The tectonically complex Eastern diterranean; Southern California; The New Madrid Seismic zone. All of these regions have apparent bimodal distributions of earthquake magnitude, with a particularly good match in the New Madrid zone between the tectonic slip rates and fault areas and the seismicity distribution on two characteristic families of faults. By contrast the mainland UK has a seismicity which can only account for a small fraction of the known tectonic movement, exactly as one might expect for a regime of slow elastic rebound following glacial unloading. A new frequency-magnitude distribution is derived from Information theory. Its number density is n(m)=c.exp<1m-x 2M0(m)>, where X 1 =bQ.i(10) and b is the Gutenberg-Richter 'b-value'. M0(m) is the moment-magnitude relation. By analogy with statistical mechanics b can be related to a geometric similarity dimension D by b2D, thereby explaining the observation O<b<1.5 as corresponding to the release of strain energy in a finite volume, D<3. This distribution fits the Mediterranean data better than the Weibull form, and predicts a repeat of the 1857 earthquake in Southern California (M>7.9) 156 years after this date on average, with a range considering errors of 87-281 years. This compares well with some results from trenching across the fault (once every 163 years, but from 55-275 years). The method could be used 1