Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Update-to-Data Ratio: Minimizing World Model Overfitting

Early stopping based on the validation set performance is a popular approach to find the right balance between under- and overfitting in the context of supervised learning. However, in reinforcement learning, even for supervised sub-problems such as world model learning, early stopping is not applicable as the dataset is continually evolving. As a solution, we propose a new general method that dynamically adjusts the update to data (UTD) ratio during training based on under- and overfitting detection on a small subset of the continuously collected experience not used for training. We apply our method to DreamerV2, a state-of-the-art model-based reinforcement learning algorithm, and evaluate it on the DeepMind Control Suite and the Atari $100$k benchmark. The results demonstrate that one can better balance under- and overestimation by adjusting the UTD ratio with our approach compared to the default setting in DreamerV2 and that it is competitive with an extensive hyperparameter search which is not feasible for many applications. Our method eliminates the need to set the UTD hyperparameter by hand and even leads to a higher robustness with regard to other learning-related hyperparameters further reducing the amount of necessary tuning.
Knot homology via derived categories of coherent sheaves IV, coloured links

We define a deformation of our earlier link homologies for fundamental representations of sl_m. The deformed homology of a link is isomorphic to the deformed homology of the disjoint union of its components. Moreover, there exists a spectral sequence starting with the old homology and converging to this deformed homology.
Analysis of Protests in Nigeria using Social Media Data

Comparative studies of the relation between online social movements and offline collective action focus on case studies leaving a large amount of available social media data unused. We take the availability of social media data as an opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the relation between online social movements and offline collective actions in Nigeria from a quantitative perspective using Big Data analysis techniques. In order to determine how political discourse shapes the Nigerian Twitter landscape, we explore topics modeled on Nigerian Twitter data. The exploratory analysis indicates the importance of political discourse on Nigerian Twitter and validates its suitability for protest analysis. Further, we introduce an AI-based approach for automatically identifying and mapping Nigerian online social movements to protests in Nigeria. Quality assessment of our mapping shows that it successfully integrates social media and protest data. Lastly, we perform quantitative comparative analysis across hundreds of relations between online social movements and protests using NLP and network analysis, among others. We identify relevant characteristics and their typical behaviors that determine the relationship between online social movements and protests in Nigeria.
Epitaxial La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 thin films: Structure, magnetism, and transport

La1−xSrxCoO3 has received considerable attention in bulk form. This is due to interest in the fundamental magnetic properties (spin-state transitions and magnetic phase separation) as well as potential applications in ferroelectric memory and solid-oxide fuel cells. The structure and properties in thin film form are not well understood, and the influence of dimensional confinement on effects such as magnetic phase separation is unknown. Here, we report a comprehensive investigation of structure, magnetism, and transport in strained epitaxial La0.5Sr0. 5CoO3 (001) films deposited on SrTiO3 (001) substrates by reactive dc magnetron sputtering. The crystalline quality, phase purity, strain state, oxygen stoichiometry, morphology, and magnetic and electronic properties of the epilayers are all probed and are found to be particularly sensitive to the total sputtering gas pressure and the ratio of reactive to inert gas (PO2/PAr). The various structure-property relationships are discussed in detail, particularly .
Researcher Allegiance as Hidden Moderator in Psychotherapy Outcome Research

bekannt. Aufgrund der Vielfalt an potenziellen kausalen Erklärungen für den beobachteten Zusammen-hang zwischen Allegianz und Studienergebnissen schlussfolgern wir, dass die explizite Nennung der Allegianz ein möglicher und sinnvoller Schritt zur besseren Beurteilung von Schlussfolgerungen in der Psychothera-pieforschung sein kann.
Mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b diversity and phylogeny of the Eurasian coot ( Fulica atra ; Linnaeus, 1758) (Gruiformes: Rallidae )

The Eurasian coot ( Fulica atra ; Linnaeus, 1758) is a widely distributed waterbird consisting of four subspecies and found throughout northern Eurasia to the western Sahara, Australia, and New Zeeland that recently has experienced regional population declines. Population declines may impact genetic diversity and little information is available on genetic diversity in coots. We extracted genomic DNA from muscle tissues of coots collected from Fereidoonkenar International Wetland (FIW; n = 7) and Gorgan Bay (GB; n = 5) in Iran and sequenced 513-bp of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b marker and published sequences from Genbank. Localities in Iran were characterized by two haplotypes high haplotype and low nucleotide diversities. The F st value (0.177) indicated a high level of genetic differentiation between FIW and GB. The phylogenetic analysis that included published sequences, supported groupings that likely correspond to migration flyways of coots. Moreover, specimens from Australia were not associated with coots from other localities in our sample. Our results showed that coots number of cyt b haplotypes was low for the overall sample but have retained substantial levels of genetic diversity in our study sites.
Honesty, Elections and Leadership

: We study theoretically and empirically the impact of cheating in leadership elections. Our framework predicts cheaters should be more likely to win elections, and yet be less likely to be followed due to low psychic costs of disobeying dishonest leaders. Our model implies that dishonest leaders create both social inefficiency and inequity. We use controlled laboratory experiments to test these predictions. We compare leadership elections where cheating is and is not possible. Because honest and dishonest leaders are randomly assigned to groups, we obtain causal evidence that cheating to win leadership positions harms social welfare and increases earnings inequality. In addition, we obtain causal evidence that honest leaders generate higher social welfare and less inequality in relation to the control condition where honesty cannot be chosen. Our results highlight that cheating to win can benefit the resulting leader, but their inability to lead effectively increases inequity and creates lower social welfare.
Resource and Energy Economics Revisiting cost vector effects in discrete choice experiments

The estimation of marginal utility of income in discrete choice experiments is of crucial importance for the estimation of willingness to pay (WTP) and welfare estimates. Despite this central importance, there are only few investigations into the impact of the design of the cost attribute vector on choices and WTP estimates. We present a conceptual framework that describes why cost vector effects might occur in choice experiments, and investigate cost vector effects empirically drawing on data from a choice experiment in the context of peatland restoration in Scotland. This study employs a split sample approach with three different cost vectors that vary considerably in the cost levels offered to respondents, and investigates differences between treatments with respect to marginal WTP estimates, sta- tus quo choice, use of systematic decision strategies and attribute non-attendance. A key ﬁnding is that the choice of cost vectors can affect the incidence of decision strategies. After accounting for the differential use of a decision strategy that might not be consistent with random utility modelling, cost vectors that are higher in magnitude result in higher WTP, in line with an anchoring hypothesis. We ﬁnd weak support that marginal WTP of lower income respondents is affected differently compared to higher income respondents through the use of different cost vectors. Differences in welfare estimates resulting from the use of different cost vectors might change outcomes of cost-beneﬁt analyses. We therefore recommend that researchers include tests of sensitivity of welfare estimates to different cost vectors in
EdgeFaaSBench: Benchmarking Edge Devices Using Serverless Computing

Due to the development of small-size, energy-efficient, and powerful CPUs and GPUs for single board computers, various edge devices are widely adopted for hosting real-world applications, including real-time object detection, autonomous driving, and sensor stream processing. At the same time, serverless computing receives increasing attention as a new application deployment model because of its simplicity, scalability, event-driven processing, and short-lived computation. Therefore, there is a growing demand for applying serverless computing to edge computing environments. However, due to the lack of characterization of serverless edge computing (e.g., application performance and impact from resource heterogeneity), researchers and practitioners have to conduct tedious measurements to understand the performance of serverless applications on edge devices in non-systematic ways.We create EdgeFaaSBench, a novel benchmark suite for serverless computing on edge devices, to bridge this gap. EdgeFaaSBench is developed on top of Apache OpenFaaS with Docker Swarm and can run various serverless benchmark workloads on edge devices with different hardware specifications (e.g., GPUs). EdgeFaaSBench contains 14 different benchmark workloads running on heterogeneous edge devices and captures various system-level, application-level, and serverless-specific metrics, including system utilization, response time, cold/warm start times, and impact of concurrent function executions. Experimental studies are conducted on two widely used edge devices, Raspberry Pi 4B and Jetson Nano, to show EdgeFaaSBench’s capabilities to benchmark serverless computing on edge devices.
of Osmotic Stress Induced by Different Concentrations of Polyethylene Glycol-6000 for Drought Tolerance Screening in Eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.,)

An attempt was made to optimize the degree of osmotic stress induced by different concentrations of PEG-6000 for drought tolerance screening in eggplant cv. Green Round. Six different concentrations of PEG-6000 (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 percent) along with a control (Distilled water) were used. Significant differences were observed for germination per cent, lengths of root, shoot and seedlings, seed vigour and root/shoot ratio at different concentrations of PEG-6000 (p < 0.01). The PEG-6000 concentration above 12.5% has drastically reduced per cent germination, seed vigor and there was a significant increase in root/shoot ratio at 12.5% PEG- 6000. Hence, 12.5% PEG-6000 appears to be an ideal concentration for drought tolerance screening of eggplant in vitro.
Carvedilol Associated with Ligation For The Prophylaxis of First Esophageal Variceal Bleeding: A Novel Approach of Long-Term Study

Carvedilol Associated with Ligation For The Prophylaxis of First Esophageal Variceal Bleeding: A Novel Approach of Long-Term Study. Abstract The role of combining banding ligation with β-blockers in the prophylaxis of first esophageal variceal bleeding is unsettled. We conducted a trial to assess the value of carvedilol plus banding ligation in the prophylaxis of 1 st bleeding. groups. The group. Both groups were comparable in baseline data. The mean dose of carvedilol was similar in both groups. A mean of 2.7 session of banding ligation was performed in the Combination group. After a follow-up up to 9 years, 16 patients in the Carvedilol group encountered esophageal variceal bleeding while 3 patients in the Combination group bled (p<0.001, hazard ratio 5.52; confidence interval 2.19-13.9). Upper gastrointestinal bleeding was experienced in 21 patients and 6 patients in the Carvedilol group and Combination group, respectively.
InterpretDL: Explaining Deep Models in PaddlePaddle

Techniques to explain the predictions of deep neural networks (DNNs) have been largely required for gaining insights into the black boxes. We introduce InterpretDL , a toolkit of explanation algorithms based on PaddlePaddle , with uniformed programming interfaces and “plug-and-play” designs. A few lines of codes are needed to obtain the explanation results without modifying the structure of the model. InterpretDL currently contains 16 algorithms, explaining training phases, datasets, global and local behaviors of post-trained deep models. InterpretDL also provides a number of tutorial examples and showcases to demonstrate the capability of InterpretDL working on a wide range of deep learning models, e.g., Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Multi-Layer Preceptors (MLPs), Transformers, etc., for various tasks in both Computer Vision (CV) and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Furthermore, InterpretDL modularizes the implementations, making eﬀorts to support the compatibility across frameworks. The project is available at https: //github.com/PaddlePaddle/InterpretDL .
Geographic Variability in the Life History and Demography of Canary Rockfish, Sebastes pinniger, Along the U.S. West Coast

Geographic Variability in the Life History and Demography of Canary Rockfish, Sebastes pinniger, Along the U.S. West Coast by Rachel O. Brooks Master of Science in Marine Science California State University Monterey Bay, 2021 Marine fishes that persist across broad geographic ranges experience gradients in environmental and oceanographic conditions, anthropogenic stressors, and ecological factors that influence their population dynamics. Understanding the spatialand temporal-scale at which life history characteristics and demographic patterns vary is essential for successful management and long-term sustainability of marine fisheries. The Canary Rockfish is a commercially and recreationally valuable groundfish species along the West Coast of North America. After being declared overfished in 2000, several restrictions were put in place to constrain commercial and recreational fishing opportunities. These restrictions coupled with favorable ocean conditions led to the recovery of the Canary Rockfish stock to a rebuilt status of 40% unfished biomass in 2015. Despite being an important species in the management of U.S. West Coast fisheries, the life history of Canary Rockfish across untrawlable habitats have rarely been described, including latitudinal patterns in life history traits and population demography. From 2017 through 2019, 1,567 Canary Rockfish were collected from 13 port locations along the U.S. West Coast, to investigate latitudinal patterns in sizeand age-structure, growth, maturity, condition, and mortality, as wells as to identify biologically relevant population breakpoints along the coast. Sex-specific differences in life history parameters were also investigated coastwide. Canary Rockfish exhibited strong latitudinal patterns in life history parameters; Canary Rockfish from colder, northern port locations exhibited larger sizes-at-age, lived longer, had variable condition, matured at larger sizes and older ages, and had lower mortality rates than Canary Rockfish from warmer, southern port locations. Male Canary Rockfish exhibited smaller sizes-at-age, lived longer, were in similar condition and matured at similar sizes in comparison to female conspecifics. Trends in life history parameters related to size, age and maturity were negatively correlated with coastwide patterns in sea surface temperature and positively correlated with coastwide patterns in primary productivity (chlorophyll a). Cluster analysis using life history traits indicated central Oregon as a biologically relevant break point for Canary Rockfish populations along the U.S. West Coast and should be considered in future stock assessment models. Further research should explore stock structure through genetic analysis and compare hook-and-line data from untrawlable habitats with fishery-independent bottom trawl surveys to assess habitat-based differences in Canary Rockfish life history and demography.
Defining a Universal and Continuous Strouhal-Reynolds Number Relationship for the Laminar Vortex She

The existence of a discontinuity in the Strouhal–Reynolds number relationship for the laminar vortex shedding of a cylinder is found to be caused by a change in the mode of oblique shedding. By ‘‘inducing’’ parallel shedding (from manipulating end conditions) the resulting Strouhal curve becomes completely continuous and agrees very well with the oblique‐shedding data, if it is transformed by S0=Sθ/cos θ (where Sθ is the Strouhal number corresponding with the oblique‐shedding angle θ). The curve also agrees with data from a completely different facility. This provides evidence that this Strouhal curve (S0) is universal (for a circular cylinder).
ANTECEDENTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AMONGST HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA

South Africa is confronted with the problem of youth unemployment. Despite this challenge, young people have few options to stay relevant in the economy. While many young people consider starting a business, they face obstacles such as a lack of information, capital, networking, and mentorship. This makes it very difficult for young people, particularly university graduates, to pursue entrepreneurship as an alternative career. This study examined the antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions amongst higher education students in South Africa. A quantitative and descriptive research design was adopted using a positivist research philosophy. A self-administered online questionnaire was used to gather data. A total of 400 students were chosen as respondents using simple random sampling. The findings of this study show that entrepreneurial intention has a positive and significant relationship with subjective norms (β=0.619, t-value=8.197, p=0.050), perceived behavior control (β=0.171, t-value=1.969, p=0.050), personal attitude (β=0.137, t-value=1.967, p=0.050). In contrast, there was a negative and insignificant relationship between entrepreneurial intention and self-efficacy (β=-0.015, t-value=0.209, p=0.835). This research has contributed to the literature on entrepreneurship in higher education and the developing world. This study is also expected to aid scholars, practitioners, and policymakers in understanding the dynamics of entrepreneurial intentions amongst students in higher education institutions.
W Watershed Sustainability: An Integrated River Basin Perspective

Felipe Armas Vargas, Luzma Fabiola Nava, Oscar Escolero, Eugenio Gómez Reyes and Samuel Sandoval Solis Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos e Hidráulica, CBI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico CONACYT-Centro del Cambio Global y la Sustentabilidad A.C. (CCGS), Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria Departamento de Dinámica Terrestre y Superficial, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
Task and Relationship Conflicts, Employee Agility, and Perceived Job Performance

The investigation into the impact of conflict on the modern approach of employee agility as well as employees’ perceived job performance seems to be a critical topic that has not relatively been touched on yet. The present study aims to look at the influence of conflict on employees’ agility and employee’s perceived job performance. This research divides conflict into two separate dimensions as task and relationship conflict to investigate the impact of each on agility and job performance. The data is collected by employing a self-structured questionnaire using 23 items and a 5-point Likert scale from the employees of a hygiene and sanitation company in Cameroon. The proposed model is examined via PLS-SEM. Overall, the study reveals that there is a negative coefficient in the relationship between relationship conflict and employee’s agility; a significant positive relationship between task conflict and employee agility; and a positive significant relationship between employee’s agility and employee perceived job performance. The generated results validate that task conflict is vital and welcome to workers; thus, managers are expected not to blindly avoid conflicts. The consequence of a constructive conflict can be employee agility which in itself will lead to a high level of job performance.
Non compact estimation of the conditional density from direct or noisy data

In this paper, we propose a nonparametric estimation strategy for the conditional density function of Y given X , from independent and identically distributed observations ( X i , Y i ) 1 ≤ i ≤ n . We consider a regression strategy related to projection subspaces of L 2 generated by non compactly supported bases. This (cid:28)rst study is then extended to the case where Y is not directly observed, but only Z = Y + ε , where ε is a noise with known density. In these two settings, we build and study collections of estimators, compute their rates of convergence on anisotropic space on non-compact supports, and prove related lower bounds. Then, we consider adaptive estimators for which we also prove risk bounds.
Self-Supervised Video Object Segmentation using Generative Adversarial Networks

Video Object Segmentation is arguably one of the most challenging tasks in computer vision. Training a model in a supervised manner in this task requires a high number of manually labelled data, which is extremely time-consuming and expensive to generate. In this thesis, we propose a self-supervised method that leverages the spatiotemporal nature of video to perform Video Object Segmentation using Generative Adversarial Networks. In this context, we design a novel framework composed of two generators and two discriminators that aim to reach an equilibrium to fulfill the task. Both at training and testing time, the model needs only the first mask of the video to be trained end to end, which is possible because it exploits the temporal consistency of videos to self-supervise its training. In addition, we refine the masks predicted by the model with the Sum of Squares polynomial, a tool adopted from the convex optimization community. Although our approach is considerably ambitious, our model achieves promising results on the DAVIS2016 dataset, which are reported both in a qualitative and quantitative manner.
Housemates”: Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy and Takotsubo Syndrome

: This case report concerns an 81-year-old woman with previously well-controlled hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). She was referred to our hospital because of the acute onset of takotsubo syndrome. Echocardiography revealed basal hyperkinesis due to takotsubo syndrome superimposed on septal hypertrophy, which resulted in the reappearance of prominent left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). Although she developed cardiogenic shock triggered by atrial fibrillation, LVOTO was successfully mitigated by aggressive fluid resuscitation, rhythm control, and the administration of β -blocker. We herein report a rare case with catastrophic hemodynamics due to the incidental combination of HOCM and takotsubo syndrome.