Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review for the noise source identification methods based microphone array

Sound source identification is an important prerequisite for noise control. In recent years, new methods of sound source identification have been developed to improve the robustness of source identification. In this paper, a comprehensive review of noise source identification methods is developed to summarize its developing status and engineering applications. At first, a microphone array which is to acquire the sound pressure field is described. And then, the sound field visualization methods (beamforming and acoustic holography) and their advantages and disadvantages are reviewed. Finally, to improve the identification accuracy of the moving sound source, the hybrid acoustic holography methods with more generality and robustness are reviewed. Through the comparison and summary of the sound source identification methods, we expect this work may provide a potential guidance for the subsequent research studies in the field of sound source identification.
A Mixed Method Study of Students' Experiences with Online and Distance Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Malaysia

Vol. 11(2) 2022, Pg. 347 359 Abstract Many people have been affected by the pandemic, particularly those in the education sector, which has seen higher education institutions shut down to prevent infection. During the closure, online and distant learning was implemented, and it has been ongoing since 2019. This new approach of disseminating information requires both instructors and learners to conform to the most recent teaching and learning process norm. The purposes of this study were to investigate ESL learners' attitudes toward online learning and the impact of online learning on them. The study's significant contribution could be to help instructors better understand how learners interact in the online classroom so that they can create the most appropriate teaching materials to fit their needs. Understanding their preferred method of learning would lead to increased engagement and improved learning results. Because of the growing importance of online learning management systems, this study could help to improve the quality of university education by studying how learners use it for online learning in their studies. The study adopted the mixed-method research design to survey 152 ESL undergraduates and interview ten of the respondents at a Malaysian public university. The findings revealed that many of the respondents were satisfied with their online language classes and felt at ease conversing in this situation. Many were unsure whether online learning was motivating, and half of them believed that online classes encouraged participation. However, several of the respondents struggled to complete group work since it was difficult for them to get to know one another. When given the option, most of them would prefer to learn in a face-to-face setting. This research would assist instructors how different higher education institutions in other countries contribute to online learning success. Besides, future research could examine into how learners view online learning during the pandemic and how it affects their ability to adapt and recover from learning setbacks. Instructors may be able to use the findings of this study to better understand students' perspectives and attitudes toward online learning, as well as to solve problems linked to online learning.
Evaluation of the Coupled and Coordinated Relationship between Agricultural Modernization and Regional Economic Development under the Rural Revitalization Strategy

Agriculture is one of the three major industries in China, and its level of development occupies an important position in the development of the national economy. At present, China vigorously promotes the strategy of rural revitalization, which provides new opportunities for agricultural modernization. Since modern agriculture and regional economy are coupled in a mutually influencing and constraining relationship, this paper constructs a coupled and coordinated evaluation index system of agricultural modernization and regional economic development. Using the entropy value method and coupled coordination degree model, the comprehensive development level and coordinated development degree of agricultural modernization and regional economic development of 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and cities in China from 2011 to 2020 were evaluated, revealing the time evolution and spatial distribution characteristics of the two systems. The results show that: (1) In the past decade, China’s agricultural modernization and regional economy have made some progress in terms of their respective development levels and the degree of coupling and coordination between them. (2) In terms of spatial evolution, there are obvious regional differences between the two systems, and the coupling coordination degree shows a “ladder” distribution pattern from the east to the central, northeastern, and western parts of the country. (3) Regions with a high level of regional economic development also have a relatively high degree of coupling and coordination between agricultural modernization and regional economic development. Our results provide insights into the economic effects of agricultural modernization in China and provide useful insights into the future direction of agricultural development programs in countries around the world.
Assessment of Information and Communication Technology Tools’ Usage in Agricultural Extension among Cassava Peasants in Rangwe Sub-County, Kenya

Aims: This study sought to determine selected demographic characteristics, the extent of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools’ usage, opportunities in ICT, challenges in the use, strategies to improve the use, and the correlation between the selected demographic factors and ICT tools’ usage among peasants who produce cassava in Rangwe Sub-County, Kenya. Study Design: A correlation research design was used in this study conducted at Rangwe Sub-County, Kenya from 8th December 2021 to 14th January 2022. Methodology: The study gathered data with the aid of pretested structured questionnaire from 106 Cassava Peasants (CPs) who used or not used ICT tools in agricultural extension. Results: The response rate achieved was 100%. The majority of the CPs were female (62%), middle-aged (36-50 years), attained primary education (52%), and earned the lowest average annual income (X ≤ KES160, 000). The majority of ICT tools users in extension were males, elite, higher-income earners, and youths. The largest percentage of ICT tools users mentioned, ICT tools availability as one of the opportunities in ICT, expensiveness as the main challenge in the use, ICT services subsidies as one of the improvement strategies. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that a correlation between the selected demographic factors and ICT tools’ usage was statistically significant at a 1% level of significance (P=.000). Conclusion: Adoption of ICT tools in agricultural extension services is directly proportional to income, gender equality, and education, while it is inversely proportional to age. The provision of supporting policies for the selected demographic factors, availability of training centers, and subsidized credit interest rate would increase ICT tools usage in extension.
Parental autonomy support and homework completion: Mediating effects of chil-dren’s academic self-efficacy, purpose for doing homework, and homework-related emotions

Parenting qualities may affect children’s homework achievement. The present study examined the relationship among parental autonomy support, children’s academic self-efficacy, learning-oriented purposes for doing homework, positive homework-related emotions, and homework completion. The sample included 984 children (M age = 10.68 years, SD = 0.63), 502 (51%) boys and 482 (49%) girls from elementary schools of Sonora, Mexico. A structural model and multigroup invariance by gender and academic achievement was calculated. The structural model indicated that parental autonomy support had a direct positive relation with children’s academic self-efficacy, learning-oriented purposes, and positive emotions in homework; it also had an indirect effect in homework completion by its positive association with these psychological resources. A multi-group analysis indicates that gender and academic achievement did not moderate the structural relations. Overall, findings suggest that parental autonomy support is critical to promote homework completion in elementary school children. La calidad de la crianza afecta el desempeño de los niños en las tareas escolares. El presente estudio examinó las relaciones entre el apoyo parental a la autonomía, la autoeficacia académica, el propósito de realizar las tareas por aprender, las emociones positivas y la terminación de las tareas escolares. La muestra incluye 984 estudiantes (M edad = 10.68 años, DS = 0.63), 502 (51%) niños y 482 (49%) niñas de escuelas primarias de Sonora, México. Se calculó un modelo estructural. El modelo estructural indica que el apoyo parental a la autonomía se relaciona directamente de forma positiva con la autoeficacia académica, el propósito de aprender en las tares, las emociones positivas y la terminación de las tareas. El análisis multigrupo muestra que el sexo y el desempeño académico del niño no moderan las relaciones propuestas en el modelo estructural. En general, los resultados sugieren que el apoyo parental a la autonomía promueve la terminación de las tareas en la educación primaria.
For Critical Language Awareness and Against the “Exclusive-use-of-the-target-language” Myth: The Effects of Sociolinguistic Content in English in an Elementary Spanish Classroom

Scholars have advocated for critical approaches to language education (e.g., Del Valle, 2014; Leeman & Serafini, 2016), including those that promote the development of Critical Language Awareness, CLA (e.g., Alim, 2010; Leeman, 2018). The goal is to develop students’ critical knowledge of the cultural, political, and social dimensions of language. To this end, Del Valle (2014) suggests the inclusion of language-related content units taught in the first or shared language from the early stages of language learning. This proposal entails revising strong beliefs such as the use of the non-target language in the new language classroom. The purpose of our research is to investigate whether including language-related content in English (the shared language) in an elementary Spanish language course helped students develop CLA without hindering class performance. Additionally, we explored if providing this content increased learners’ investment in the language. Results revealed that incorporating the CLA units did not influence overall class performance. Qualitative analyses indicated that students connected the content with their own social experience, which led to greater investment in the language. Finally, the content contributed to developing students’ critical awareness of linguistic ideologies and their impact on the construction of inequality as well as in enabling social change. field notes, weekly student journals, writing coursework, The results of four case revealed how American students co-constructed and negotiated multiple racialized, gendered, and classed identities, and how their investment influenced their learning of Portuguese. Also conducted in a study abroad context Spain), Quan explored learners’ identity and investment in Spanish and how this investment related to their post study abroad speaking abilities. The results revealed that participants’ idealized perception of the study abroad experience and their belief in the capital that Spanish could offer them led to competing identities and investment, and resulted in contradictory language learning behavior.
Nutrient Limitations Lead to a Reduced Magnitude of Disequilibrium in the Global Terrestrial Carbon Cycle

The terrestrial carbon (C) cycle is shifting to a state of dynamic disequilibrium under a rapid global climate change. However, the magnitude of such disequilibrium is inherently hard to measure directly. Abundant studies have revealed that the availability of nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), constrains ecosystem productivity and carbon stocks across the globe. However, whether and how nutrient limitation affects the disequilibrium magnitude of the terrestrial C cycle (Xp) has never been evaluated. Here, we developed an approach by combining a process‐based numerical model and an analytical framework to evaluate the role of nutrient limitation on Xp. We found that nutrient limitation did have significant impacts on the Xp. Over the modeled period of 1901–2013, absolute change in Xp was 497.6 PgC under the C‐only run, while it decreased to 155.6 and 124.3 PgC under N and NP limitations, respectively. To understand the underlying reasons, we further disaggregated the changes of Xp into changes in steady‐state C storage and transit C storage with the former being decomposed into a productivity‐driven change, an ecosystem‐C‐residence‐time‐driven (τE‐driven) change, and a change induced by productivity‐τE interactions. We found that nutrient constrained the increase in Xp primarily by dampening the productivity‐driven changes in the steady‐state C storage. Reductions in the productivity‐driven term under N and NP limitations accounted for 94.7% and 94.9%, respectively, of the reductions in the steady‐state C storage. These results indicate that nutrient limitations have profound impacts on future climate‐biosphere feedback by reducing the disequilibrium magnitude of the terrestrial C cycle.
Differential effects of an experimental model of prolonged sleep disturbance on inflammation in healthy females and males

Abstract Sleep disturbances, including disrupted sleep and short sleep duration, are highly prevalent and are prospectively associated with an increased risk for various widespread diseases, including cardiometabolic, neurodegenerative, chronic pain, and autoimmune diseases. Systemic inflammation, which has been observed in populations experiencing sleep disturbances, may mechanistically link disturbed sleep with increased disease risks. To determine whether sleep disturbances are causally responsible for the inflammatory changes reported in population-based studies, we developed a 19-day in-hospital experimental model of prolonged sleep disturbance inducing disrupted and shortened sleep. The model included delayed sleep onset, frequent nighttime awakenings, and advanced sleep offset, interspersed with intermittent nights of undisturbed sleep. This pattern aimed at providing an ecologically highly valid experimental model of the typical sleep disturbances often reported in the general and patient populations. Unexpectedly, the experimental sleep disturbance model reduced several of the assessed proinflammatory markers, namely interleukin(IL)-6 production by monocytes and plasma levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP), presumably due to intermittent increases in the counterinflammatory hormone cortisol. Striking sex differences were observed with females presenting a reduction in proinflammatory markers and males showing a predominantly proinflammatory response and reductions of cortisol levels. Our findings indicate that sleep disturbances causally dysregulate inflammatory pathways, with opposing effects in females and males. These results have the potential to advance our mechanistic understanding of the pronounced sexual dimorphism in the many diseases for which sleep disturbances are a risk factor.
Nonlinear modelling and control of a 3DOF helicopter

This paper presents a novel autopilot for a 3D helicopter. From desired trajectories defined by the user for elevation and travel angles, the autopilot is computing the desired trajectory of the pitch angle. Furthermore, the autopilot allows to decouple the system and to define "virtual" inputs in order to separately design controllers for each attitude angle. Travel and elevation controllers are based on adaptive version of sliding mode con- trol: this class of controllers keeps the robustness feature of slid- ing mode while reducing the well-known drawback of such con- trol approach, the chattering, thanks to the online adaptation of the controller gain. The proposed autopilot is evaluated on an experimental set-up.
Fast Truck: A Truck Scheduling System to Improve the Transport Efficiency of In-Field Chipping Operations

An important problem in forest operations is the daily transport of logs or chips from different coupes being harvested, with known supplies, to destinations with their daily demands. The basic objective is to satisfy the demand for different products at each destination and maximize the utilisation of the harvesting equipment at each origin, while minimising transportation transportations costs and waiting times within technical, policy and labour constraints. This paper presents the results of a trial of FastTRUCK, a truck scheduling system developed by the CRC for Forestry, to evaluate some of the factors that affect transport efficiency of Australian in-field chipping operations. The analysis focused on the effect of chipper productivity and utilisation, number of chipping operations accessible to each truck, truck loading and unloading time, net payload on daily transportation costs, number of trucks, and average truck utilisation. According to the results obtained payload and chipper utilisation are the major factors affecting transport costs. Potential savings of 52% and 29%, respectively, are possible to obtain with a better control and management of these factors.
Frequent Auctions for Intraday Electricity Markets

ABSTRACT Continuous trading is currently becoming the standard for intraday electricity markets. In this paper, we propose frequent auctions as a viable alternative. We argue that batching orders in auctions potentially leads to lower liquidity cost, more reliable, less noisy price signals, and allows for better alignment of market outcomes with the technical realities of the transmission grid. In an empirical study, we compare the German continuous intraday market with counterfactual outcomes from frequent auctions. We find that traded volumes tend to be higher for continuous trading; however, the auction market benefits from lower liquidity costs and less noisy price signals. Furthermore, we critically discuss the suitability of continuous trading in the presence of network constraints and technical restrictions of conventional units. Taken together these findings suggest that in sparsely traded intraday markets, pooling orders in frequent auctions may be beneficial.
The Effect of the Valence of Imagined Contact with Immigrants on Adolescents’ Stereotype Content: The Importance of Perceived Typicality

Across two studies, we examined the effect of imagined intergroup contact valence on Spanish adolescents’ stereotype content of Ecuadorian and Moroccan immigrants considering the moderator role of perceived typicality and ethnic origin on this effect. Study 1 (N = 133) showed that, only for Moroccans, when the interaction partner was perceived as highly typical, Moroccans were perceived as more moral and sociable after an imagined positive contact than after a negative one. In contrast, when the interaction partner was perceived as atypical, Moroccans were perceived as more moral and sociable after a negative imagined interaction than after a positive one. Study 2 (N = 113) broadly replicated these findings and confirmed the stronger effect of negative imagined contact on stereotypes. Only when the imagined contact was negative and the interaction partner was perceived as typical, contact altered adolescents’ perceptions and impaired Moroccans’ perceived sociability. Our findings highlight the context-dependency of the effect of contact valence and the importance of the perceived typicality for the generalization of its effects on stereotype content. En dos estudios, hemos examinado el efecto de la valencia del contacto intergrupal imaginado sobre el contenido de los estereotipos que mantienen los adolescentes españoles hacia inmigrantes ecuatorianos y marroquíes considerando el papel moderador de la tipicidad percibida y el origen étnico sobre este efecto. El Estudio 1 (N = 133) mostró que, solo para los marroquíes, cuando el compañero de interacción se percibía muy típico, los marroquíes se percibían más morales y sociables después de un contacto positivo imaginado que después de uno negativo. En contraste, cuando el compañero de interacción se percibía como atípico, los marroquíes se percibían más morales y sociables después de una interacción imaginada negativa que después de una positiva. El Estudio 2 (N = 113) reprodujo, en líneas generales, estos hallazgos, y confirmó el mayor efecto del contacto imaginado negativo sobre los estereotipos. Solo cuando el contacto imaginado era negativo y el compañero de interacción se percibía como típico, el contacto alteraba las percepciones de los adolescentes y disminuía la sociabilidad percibida de los marroquíes. Nuestros hallazgos ponen de manifiesto la dependencia del contexto del efecto de la valencia de contacto, así como la importancia de la tipicidad percibida para la generalización de sus efectos sobre el contenido de los estereotipos.
Partial Hydrolyzed Protein as a Protein Source for Infant Feeding: Do or Don’t?

Exclusive breastfeeding until the age of six months is the recommended feeding method for all infants. However, this is not possible for every infant. Therefore, a second choice of feeding, as close as possible to the gold standard, is needed. For historical reasons, this has been cow’s-milk-based feeding. This paper discusses if this second-choice feeding method should contain intact protein or partially hydrolyzed proteins. The limited data available indicates that mother’s milk is relatively rich in bioactive peptides. Whether partially hydrolyzed protein might be a protein source closer to human milk protein content than intact cow’s milk needs further research. However, more research on protein and bioactive peptides in mother’s milk should be a priority for future scientific development in this field. Results of such research will also provide an answer to the question of which option would be the best second choice for infant feeding if sufficient breast milk is not available.