Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combined channel sounding and direction finding studies of HF radio propagation effects observed over high latitude communication paths

The high latitude ionosphere is a dynamic region that is subject to a variety of disturbed conditions affecting oblique propagation of HF radio signals. Multipath and off great circle propagation resulting from rough ionospheric reflecting surfaces introduce time dispersion, while movements in the ionosphere impose Doppler dispersion. These effects, when combined, result in very complex signal characteristics, which cause degradation to the performance of communication systems if the delay or Doppler dispersion exceeds system dependent bounds. Results are presented based around measurements of signals, produced by the Doppler And Multipath SOunding Network, recorded using a six channel spaced array receiving system, during a 10 day campaign at Kiruna in March 1998. In addition to delay and Doppler processing, the directions of arrival (DOA) of the signal components were estimated using a super resolution direction finding algorithm. Most signals were narrow in delay and Doppler, however a significant statistical spread in their DOA was observed. Statistics on the occurrence and characteristics of the remaining signals revealed that trends in DOA are often associated with complex delay and Doppler propagation. A number of cases had Doppler spread exceeding a specified Doppler boundary of operation, while none exceeded the delay spread boundary. Case studies revealed detailed propagation effects. Of particular interest is the often observed East —> West trend in DOA with Doppler offset. This is attributed to scattering from irregularities embedded in turbulent bulk convection flows. E-region modes with good spectral and geographic distribution of signal energy are often observed in otherwise complex cases. Spatial filtering, using two or three element arrays was investigated and found to be effective at reducing large Doppler spreads to lower values more amenable to high data rate communication systems. Fast solver spatial filtering methods were found to be very robust, effective and a lot quicker.
Late Quaternary Paleomagnetic Intensity Record in Taipei Basin,Taiwan

The Central Weather Bureau has implemented the Taiwan StrongMotion Instrumentation Program(TSMIP)to collect high-quality instrumentalrecordings of strong earthquake shaking.Deployment of theaccelerographs started in August 1992.By June 1997,629 stations hadbeen deployed.Each operating free-field station includes triaxial accelerometers,a digital recording sub-unit,a power supply and a timing system.Since the first installation in August 1992,this network has recorded 2482earthquakes.The local magnitudes of these earthquakes ranged from 1.7to 7.1 and thousands of high-quality digital accelerograms were collected.The quality of 16-bit data is shown to be much better than the conventionalstrong-motion data(either analog or 12-bit digital recordings). These newrecordings provide an excellent database for making various earthquakeengineering and seismological studies.
Anti-tumor Properties of Stilbene-based Resveratrol Analogues: Recent Results

Recent literature about stilbene-based analogues of resveratrol (1) has been reviewed, and a total of 94 compounds are reported (see structures 4 – 97), selected either for their promising anti-tumor properties or as comparative terms in SAR studies. As a general outline, these recent literature data confirm the previously reported observation that minimal modification in the nature and position of the substituents on the stilbene nucleus may cause large variations in their biological activity and, more specifically, in their anti-tumor properties. Among the polyhydroxylated stilbenes, it has been established that those with either a catechol or pyrogallol moiety are far better radical scavengers than either 1 or other analogues lacking an ortho-dihydroxy group, and this property was shown to be related to pro-apoptotic activity. In the large majority of cases where couples of E- and Z-isomers were evaluated for either cytotoxic or pro-apoptotic activity, the Z-isomers were significantly more active than their E analogues; nevertheless, a general rule stating that stilbenoids with Z configuration of the double bond display a considerably higher antiproliferative activity than their E-isomers cannot be considered as established. A variety of methoxystilbenes has been reported recently: in many cases these analogues showed either potent antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity or strong inhibition of TNFα-induced activation of NF-kB. Globally considered, polymethoxystilbenes are a sub-group of great interest among the resveratrol analogues: these analogues appear worthy of a deeper evaluation also in connection with their potential anti-angiogenic properties. In addition, in vivo studies indicate that methoxystilbenes undergo different metabolic conversion and have a higher bioavailability than resveratrol. The potent activity of some amino- and halogenated stilbenes is undoubtedly worthy of attention, but the toxicity of these compounds to normal cells has rarely been evaluated. In conclusion, the synthesis and evaluation of stilbene-based resveratrol analogues proved to be a highly active field of research and has recently afforded compounds with either cytotoxic or pro-apoptotic activity in the nanomolar range. Nevertheless, the exact structural determinants to optimize the anti-tumor properties of these compounds and details of their mechanism of action remain to be clarified.
Nutritional Status Among Female adolescents aged (15 - 19 years) in Zambia: Why it Matters

level (OR=0.538, 95%CI: 0.397, 0.728; p<0.001) and from poorest or poorer and middle households were more likely to be underweight (OR=0.654, 95%CI: 0.471, 0.909; p=0.012 and OR=0.702, 95%CI: 0.479, 1.028; p=0.069). A positive correlation exits between diet diversity score and adolescents’ nutritional status though an independent sample t-test revealed that differences exist between urban (M=3.63, SD=1.72) and rural (M=2.91, SD=1.43; t(222)=3.88, p<0.001) adolescents in terms of dietary intake. Further, consumption micronutrient rich foods such as vitamin A and haem-iron are very low with the exception of dark leaf vegetables. Conclusions Therefore, it can be seen that adolescent nutrition in Zambia requires urgent attention, and since there are multifaceted factors affecting it, strategies are required to improve diet diversification and socio-economic status of adolescents if better results are too be realised in future. Further, there is need for future research to assess the actual nutrient and mineral intake by female adolescents with disaggregation between rural and urban if effective interventions are to be made and positive changes in adolescent nutritional outcomes are to be seen for years to come.
TWO PERIODS OF CENOZIC VOLCANIC ROCKS FROM HOH XIL LAKE AREA,QINGHAI

According to the achievement of regional geological mapping and the Ar-Ar isotopic age,Cenozic volcanic rocks of two periods were found in Hoh Xil Lake area,Qinghai.Their geological time are Oligocene-Miocene and late Miocene-Pleistocene.Oligocene-Miocene volcanic rocks are shoshonite,late Miocene-Pleistocene volcanic rocks are High-k calc-alkaline.The study of volcanic rocks provides not only detail of volcanic activity,but also the upper limit of Cenozic continental redbeds.
Tracing crustal evolution by U-Th-Pb, Sm-Nd, and Lu-Hf isotopes in detrital monazite and zircon from modern rivers

Detrital zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotope studies are useful for identifying the chemical evolution of the continental crust. Zircon, however, is typically a magmatic mineral and thus often fails to document the timing of low-grade metamorphism, and its survival through multiple sedimentary cycles potentially biases the crustal evolution record toward older events. In contrast, monazite typically records metamorphic events and is less likely to survive sedimentary recycling processes, thus providing information not available by zircon. Here, we demonstrate that monazite apparently faithfully records the Sm-Nd isotope composition of the bulk rock and can therefore track the record of crustal evolution and growth, similar to Hf isotopes in zircon. We examine the utility of detrital zircon and monazite for studies of crustal evolution through a comparison of age and tracer isotope information using sediments from two large rivers draining the South China block (SCB). Monazite and zircon grains yield mostly Mesozoic and Paleozoic U-Pb ages and depleted mantle model age peaks at ca. 1900–1300 Ma, indicating that both minerals preserve similar, yet critical, information on the crustal evolution of the catchment area. In contrast, zircon yields abundant Neoproterozoic and older U-Pb ages with a very large spread of model ages, preserving a history strongly skewed to older ages. Based on the lack of known rocks of this age in the catchments, ancient zircon was likely sourced from sedimentary rocks within the catchment area. This combined data set presents a more complete history of crustal evolution and growth in the SCB and demonstrates the advantages of an integrated approach that includes both detrital monazite and zircon.
Chemicals Used in Plastic Materials: An Estimate of the Attributable Disease Burden and Costs in the United States

Abstract Context Chemicals used in plastics have been described to contribute to disease and disability, but attributable fractions have not been quantified to assess specific contributions. Without this information, interventions proposed as part of the Global Plastics Treaty cannot be evaluated for potential benefits. Objective To accurately inform the tradeoffs involved in the ongoing reliance on plastic production as a source of economic productivity in the United States, we calculated the attributable disease burden and cost due to chemicals used in plastic materials in 2018. Methods We first analyzed the existing literature to identify plastic-related fractions (PRF) of disease and disability for specific polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE), phthalates, bisphenols, and polyfluoroalkyl substances and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). We then updated previously published disease burden and cost estimates for these chemicals in the United States to 2018. By uniting these data, we computed estimates of attributable disease burden and costs due to plastics in the United States. Results We identified PRFs of 97.5% for bisphenol A (96.25-98.75% for sensitivity analysis), 98% (96%-99%) for di-2-ethylhexylphthalate, 100% (71%-100%) for butyl phthalates and benzyl phthalates, 98% (97%-99%) for PBDE-47, and 93% (16%-96%) for PFAS. In total, we estimate $249 billion (sensitivity analysis: $226 billion-$289 billion) in plastic-attributable disease burden in 2018. The majority of these costs arose as a result of PBDE exposure, though $66.7 billion ($64.7 billion-67.3 billion) was due to phthalate exposure and $22.4 billion was due to PFAS exposure (sensitivity analysis: $3.85-$60.1 billion). Conclusion Plastics contribute substantially to disease and associated social costs in the United States, accounting for 1.22% of the gross domestic product. The costs of plastic pollution will continue to accumulate as long as exposures continue at current levels. Actions through the Global Plastics Treaty and other policy initiatives will reduce these costs in proportion to the actual reductions in chemical exposures achieved.
Spatial Distribution of Seatrout Spawning and the Effects on Juvenile Abundance in River Teigdalselva, Western-Norway

The spatial distribution of seatrout spawning-grounds, microhabitat features and the resulting juvenile distribution were observed in a typical Western-Norwegian river. A total of 1870 squares within 187 cross-transects at 50 m distances were used to assess trout distribution in the 10 km long river. In October a total of 524 seatrout spawners were observed while snorkelling the length of the river. Spawners were found to be aggregated at 76 (40.6%) of the 187 transects in the river, and 50% of the spawners were found on 15 transects. One factor contributing to the observed skewed distribution was the non-uniform appearance of spawning areas which correlated significantly (r = 0.32, p < 0.001) with the distribution of spawners. Spawning area constituted 0.7‰ of the total area of 183 000 m 2 . The autocorrelation coefficient for spawning area showed continuous significance for only 1 lag (75 m), indicating patchiness in spawning area distribution. Young of the year (YOY) were more continuously distributed with significance for 5 lags in the autocorrelation. Spatial cross correlation between spawning area and YOY showed significant correlation in 6 transects downstream and 3 transects upstream. The number of YOY was higher at transects in the proximity of spawning area than transects remote from spawning area. The analyses of the generalized additive models showed that the spatial distribution of YOY was significantly affected by the spatial distribution of both spawning areas (28.2% deviation explained, p < 0.001) and spawners (23.4% deviation explained, p < 0.001). Adding the habitat parameters, depth, velocity, substrate and shelter, to the model with spawning area showed that the interaction between substrate and shelter had the best fit with YOY distribution, followed by water velocity and depth. The full model explained a total of 59.3% of the deviance (p < 0.001, AIC = 1306). YOY length was negatively correlated with YOY abundance (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) indicating a strong density-dependent growth. The present study gives a clear indication that the availability of spawning area and suitable nursery area set the limits for the number of seatrout potentially produced in the River Teigdalselva. The patchy distribution of spawning areas are also likely to apply for other Western-Norwegian rivers sustaining seatrout and the present findings are therefore likely to be of general interest. Moreover, the results found in the present study give some relevant information about expected usefulness and effective design of mitigation efforts to increase populations. Increasing spawning habitat is currently of particular interest in rivers where the original spawning areas have been destroyed by human activities.
INPATIENT MULTIMODAL REHABILITATION AND THE ROLE OF PAIN INTENSITY AND MENTAL DISTRESS ON RETURN-TO-WORK: CAUSAL MEDIATION ANALYSES OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Objective Studies suggest that symptom reduction is not necessary for improved return-to-work after occupational rehabilitation programmes. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial examined whether pain intensity and mental distress mediate the effect of an inpatient programme on sustainable return-to-work. Methods The randomized controlled trial compared inpatient multimodal occupational rehabilitation (n = 82) with outpatient acceptance and commitment therapy (n = 79) in patients sick-listed due to musculoskeletal and mental health complaints. Pain and mental distress were measured at the end of each programme, and patients were followed up on sick-leave for 12 months. Cox regression with an inverse odds weighted approach was used to assess causal mediation. Results The total effect on return-to-work was in favour of the inpatient programme compared with the control (hazard ratio (HR) 1.96; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.15–3.35). There was no evidence of mediation by pain intensity (indirect effect HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.61–1.57, direct effect HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.02–3.90), but mental distress had a weak suppression effect (indirect effect HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.59–1.36, direct effect HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.13–4.26). Conclusion These data suggest that symptom reduction is not necessary for sustainable return-to-work after an inpatient multimodal occupational rehabilitation intervention. LAY ABSTRACT The work disability paradigm posits work disability as a psychosocial and work-related issue. However, it is unclear whether clinical symptoms, such as pain intensity and mental distress, mediate the effectiveness of return-to-work interventions. The results of this study support existing evidence suggesting that symptom reduction is not necessary for successful return-to-work. Symptoms of mental distress slightly suppressed the favourable effect of the intervention, but this estimate was imprecise. Future studies should explore whether individuals with mental distress require an adapted treatment approach.
Effects of Management Practices and Environmental Factors on Largemouth Bass Abundance in Illinois Inland Lakes

An understanding of the relative importance of natural factors and management practices affecting largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) abundance is key for enhanced angling. Standardized fish surveys, management practices, and environmental data were available from 42 man-made, inland lakes between 1960 and 1991. Management practices tested were largemouth bass stocking, lake rehabilitation, water level manipulation, aquatic vegetation controls, small fish removal, and changes in length limits of harvestable fish. Environmental factors not controlled by management were spring water influx, growing and cooling degree days, and snow depth. Lake rehabilitation (complete drainage and reflooding), changes in length limits, and aquatic vegetation controls were the only significant factors affecting largemouth bass abundance. The largest effects were due to lake rehabilitation, which increased next-year young largemouth bass numbers by 566% on average, and more restrictive limits on harvestable size, with an increase of up to 440% in adult numbers.
Assessing the State of Conservation of a Masonry Building through the Combined Use of Electrical and Seismic Tomography

An integrated geophysical approach encompassing electrical resistivity and seismic tomography investigations is presented in this work, for assessing the current state of conservation of a Roman masonry building located in the Ostia Antica archaeological site (Rome, Italy), affected by rising damp and cracking phenomena. A preliminary three-dimensional electrical survey aims to detect the foundations and understand the range of variation of the resistivity at the study site. High-Resolution electrical and seismic tomography lines were later acquired on an inner wall, prone to both rising damp and cracking. The combined use of electrical and seismic tomography allows us to obtain a high-resolution map of the wall made in opus caementicium, where low resistivity and P-wave velocity values can be associated to the presence of the inner mortar, while higher values are probably due to the outer brick component. Overall, with reference to a previous laboratory work on a Roman masonry sample analysed using seismic tomography, we rate the brick part in good conditions while the low velocity values of the mortar can potentially represent an anomaly due to degradation processes. This approach can be employed to reconstruct a three-dimensional model of the surveyed wall in order to plan recovery actions.
A comparison of pollen extraction methods confirms dense‐media separation as a reliable method of pollen preparation

Palynology is a crucial proxy for understanding Quaternary environmental change. A range of laboratory preparation techniques has been developed to deal with the extraction of pollen in different sedimentary contexts. Here, we present a comparison of the conventional hydrofluoric acid method and the dense‐media separation method using sodium polytungstate. We examine pollen, non‐pollen palynomorphs (NPPs) and microcharcoal by undertaking parallel preparation and counting of 30 paired samples from three sites in the Middle Atlas Mountains, Morocco, with contrasting environmental and sedimentary conditions. Differences between microfossil counts are assessed visually and statistically, using ANOVA and linear regression. We observe that the typical offset between counts for the five most common pollen and NPPs produced by the two methods (µ = 1.6%, SD = 0.9%) is considerably smaller than the 95% uncertainty associated with the standard counting procedure (µ = 6.8%, SD = 2.7%). There is no statistically significant difference associated with the preparation methods, and no significant deviation from a linear relationship between the results obtained by the two methods. There are advantages and disadvantages to both methods in terms of preparation time and visual characteristics. This study confirms that results for pollen, NPPs and microcharcoal obtained by either preparation method can be directly compared.
Distribuição sazonal e espacial da clorofila a e variáveis ambientais na plataforma continental de Pernambuco (Porto do Recife), Brasil

O estudo foi desenvolvido na Plataforma Continental de Pernambuco (Porto do Recife) objetivando avaliar a influencia da pluma do rio Capibaribe na distribuicao sazonal e espacial da clorofila a e variaveis ambientais. As coletas de agua foram realizadas na superficie em baixa-mar, com garrafa de Niskin, em 4 pontos fixos, no periodo de estiagem (nov/10, fev e set/11) e chuvoso (mar, mai e jul/11). As variaveis ambientais analisadas foram pluviosidade, profundidade, transparencia, temperatura, salinidade, oxigenio dissolvido e taxa de saturacao, DBO, MPS, pH, amonia, nitrito, nitrato, fosfato, silicato e clorofila a. A pluviosidade variou de 23,5 a 755,7 mm, a transparencia de 0,6 a 6 m; a temperatura de 26 a 30 oC; a salinidade 12,65 a 36,36; DO de 2,99 a 5,02 ml/L-¹; MPS de ,4 mg.L-¹ a 55,6 mg.L-¹; pH de 7,31 a 8,45; a amonia de 0 a 8,97 μmol. L-¹; o nitrito de 0 a 4,47 μmol. L-¹; o nitrato de 0 a 15,82 μmol. L-¹; o fosfato 0,1 a 6,36 μmol. L-¹; o silicato de 1 a 113,6 μmol. L-¹; e a clorofila a de 0,24 a 19,29 mg.m-³. De acordo com a ACP a pluviosidade foi a forcante fisica que mais interferiu no sistema mostrando alta correlacao direta com nitrito, nitrato e silicato e inversa com a transparencia, temperatura, salinidade, OD, DBO, MPS e pH. A clorofila a esteve diretamente correlacionada com a amonia, o fosfato e a profundidade. A pluma do rio Capibaribe teve capacidade de influenciar toda area estudada nos meses de maior pluviosidade. Palavras chave: Fitoplâncton; Biomassa; Zona costeira; Hidrologia.