Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Seawards Water and Sediment Conditions on the Turbidity Maximum Zone in Yangtze Estuary

On the combined influence of runoff and tide, seawards sediment forms the turbidity maximum zone (TMZ) nearby the sandbar of Yangtze estuary. The water and sediment transport of the sandbar has important theoretical and practical significance for ecosystem, waterway regulation, and so on. According to the situation of seawards water and sediment variation, and based on the ECOMSED simulation of flow and suspended sediment dynamic process, the relation of the seawards water and sediment and the TMZ, and the law of water and sediment motion after the Three Gorges Project are discussed. It enhances the comprehension of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) variation law of the TMZ always seawards discharge. As the lower seawards sediment concentration, the SSC of the TMZ center is gradually decreasing with the increasing discharge. As the sediment concentration is higher than some critical value, the SSC of the TMZ center is gradually increasing with the increasing discharge.
Ecological risk of coastal ecosystem: A perspective of mangrove ecological sensitivity in small islands, case in Anambas Archipelago District at Natuna Sea

The ecosystem sensitivity in the coastal and small islands is dependent on the vulnerability and resilience level of that ecosystem. Mangroves are one of the primary ecosystems in coastal areas, also high vulnerability and sensitivity due to natural factors such as waves, pollution, and due to the impact of human activities. Based on this reason, the study of vulnerability and sensitivity was needed for mitigation plans and other actions in reducing the risk due to the pressure by a coastal manager. This study was carried out around small islands in Anambas District, especially in Matak Island. The results showed that the level of mangrove vulnerability was relatively high at all locations; the condition of the ecological status was classified as moderate. The status of the social and economic index was classified as medium to high vulnerably. The assessment of the sensitivity level, known as the condition of mangrove ecosystems, is moderate to very sensitive. The areas with the highest sensitivity level are Peninting and Ayerbadong. The high sensitivity in both locations is due to the influence of the economic index, which indicates that the region is economically sensitive and potentially vulnerable.
Enhancing Grade 11 students’ representation and connection in permutation and combination for their problem solving

The purpose of this paper was to enhance Grade 11 Thai students? concept of “Permutation and Combination. ” The participants included 35 Grade 11 students in Khon Kaen University Demonstration Secondary School (Suksasart), Khon Kaen, Thailand in the academic year of 2018. The students were studying with adoption of Lesson Study Innovative mathematical learning activities to acquire knowledge of permutation and combination by using Open Approach. The methodology used in this study was in the interpretive paradigm. The students? concept about permutation and combination was interpreted through students? tasks and class observation. The interpretation considered on how and what teachers? understanding on students? learning on permutation and combination. The findings revealed that students held several ideas for their solving problem development in the lessons of permutation and combination. The study discussed and identified key students? solving-problem learning, which further highlighted the implications to enhance students? learning on mathematics performance based on lesson study and open approach in Thailand.
Magnetorheological Fluid Yield Stress Prediction Using Particle Swarm Optimization at Low and High Shear Rate Region

Yield stress is an important parameter to measure the performance of a magnetorheological (MR) fluid. The parameter can be obtained by fitting a flow curve consisting of a shear rate-shear stress dataset to a Bingham plastic equation. However, the dataset selection is usually determined by trial and error by selecting the data either at a low or high shear rate region due to there is no standardized selection method. Therefore, this paper attempts to develop a platform to predict the yield stress automatically using particle swarm optimization (PSO). The PSO objective function is inspired by the Biplastic Bingham model. The results have shown that the prediction has shown a good agreement when fitting to the experimental data. Furthermore, the obtained yield stress values at high and low shear rate regions also were discussed from the point of view of the difference and possible effect if the wrong variables are chosen. The evaluations have shown that the gap between the yield stress at low and high regions can be relatively high, which is about more than 10 kPa. The wrong selection of the yield stress at an MR device possibly bring inaccuracy performance prediction/design, especially at high magnetic field value.
Rice growth in a combined submergence and salinity stresses

The occurrence of submergence in agricultural land is increased by the climate change. The level of tolerance in crops depends on many factors including plant stages, duration of submergence. Level of crop tolerance to submergence is likely to decrease when other adverse factors such as salinity exist. Two experiments have been conducted to study the effect of a combined submergence and salinity on rice growth. First experiment studied the salt tolerance at early seedling stage while submerged. Split plot design was used with oxygen concentrations (with and without aeration) as the main plot and salinity levels (0.2, 50, 100 dan 150 mM NaCl) as the sub plot. Second experiment evaluated the length of submergence (one and two weeks) and salinity levels (0.2 and 50 mM NaCl) at older stages rice plants. The results showed that at early stages of seedlings, almost all growth variables have been decreased by salinity. The oxygen deficit reduced salt tolerance in rice seedlings. At older stages of rice, one-week submergence did not reduce rice growth. However, for two weeks submergence, rice submerged in saline water showed better growth compared to those submerged in non-saline water.
Ultimate pressure determination in hydraulic fracturing of boreholes for different rock failure criteria

The problem on elastoplastic deformation and rock failure around boreholes under the action of internal pressure is considered. The stress state in the intact rock mass is assumed to be hydrostatic. The hydraulic fracturing pressure is conventionally determined by the maximum normal stress criterion. However, the experimental studies described in scientific articles show that this criterion is not consistent with the results obtained in the course of laboratory tests on failure of cylindrical and spherical cavities made in rock samples. It has been known that test results on complex loading for solid samples of various materials are not confirmed by the theory of maximum normal stress both in terms of ultimate load value and direction of failure surface propagation. In this case, for the complex stress state of rocks, it is proposed to determine the ultimate pressure by the experimentally substantiated fracture criteria which are in good agreement with the results of laboratory tests on hydraulic fracturing of boreholes.
Sources of nitrous oxide from intensively managed pasture soils: the hole in the pipe

Rainfall and irrigation trigger large pulses of the powerful greenhouse gas N2O from intensively managed pastures, produced via multiple, simultaneously occurring pathways. These N2O pulses can account for a large fraction of total N2O losses, demonstrating the importance to determine magnitude and source partitioning of N2O under these conditions. This study investigated the response of different pathways of N2O production to wetting across three different textured pasture soils. Soil microcosms were fertilised with an ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solution which was either single or double 15N labelled, wetted to four different water-filled pore space (WFPS) levels, and incubated over two days. The use of a 15N pool mixing model together with soil N gross transformations enabled the attribution of N2O to specific pathways, and to express N2O emissions as a fraction of the underlying N transformation. Denitrification and nitrification mediated pathways contributed to the production of N2O in all soils, regardless of WFPS. Denitrification was the main pathway of N2O production accounting for >50% of cumulative N2O emissions even at low WFPS. The contribution of autotrophic nitrification to N2O emissions decreased with the amount of wetting, while the contribution of heterotrophic nitrification remained stable or increased. Following the hole-in-the-pipe model, 0.1%–4% of nitrified N was lost as N2O, increasing exponentially with WFPS, while the percentage of denitrified N emitted as N2O decreased, providing critical information for the representation of N2O/WFPS relationships in simulation models. Our findings demonstrate that the wetting of pasture soils promotes N2O production via denitrification and via the oxidation of organic N substrates driven by high carbon and N availability upon wetting. The large contribution of heterotrophic nitrification to N2O emissions should be considered when developing N2O abatement strategies, seeking to reduce N2O emissions in response to rainfall and irrigation from intensively managed pastures.
Review of the existing state of the art regarding the use of CFD and human thermophysiological models for the vehicular comfort assessment

The aim of this article is to present a comprehensive review of the state of the art regarding the use of the human thermophysiological model into computational fluid dynamics and the coupling of these two techniques. This article will focus on the modelling of the car cabin thermal environment, the integration of virtual thermal manikins and the thermal comfort assessment. Though the complexity of the car cabin geometry, the inhomogeneous air temperature/velocity fields, and transient conditions a CFD-simulation is a very powerful tool providing detailed results for a given sufficient computing power. Understanding the human body’s thermal aspects and quantifying cabin’s parameters are essential for a reliable computation. Virtual thermal manikins have become an important asset in numerical simulation, providing accurate predictions of human thermal sensation. For vehicular thermal comfort assessment, this article reviews the relevant thermal comfort indices. From 70’s, several human thermophysiological models have been developed based on the human energy balance equation to achieve realistic human thermal responses. This article introduces the most common human thermophysiological models classifies them into one-node, two-node, multi-node and multi-element thermal models. Today, in automotive R&D, the coupling technique is became a powerful tool for optimizing and evaluating the passenger’s thermal comfort.
Quantifying the Air Temperature Reduction with Greenery in UiTM Shah Alam: A Microscale Study

Growth in cities population has caused urban sprawl which is the key factor in the issues of high temperatures as well as UHI in many countries. This issue has affected the urban microclimate as well as the indoor and outdoor conditions of human thermal comfort. This issue is also aggravated by the replacement of natural greenery area with building and other man-made features. For that reason, greening the cities, as part of bioclimatic concept of build environment, could be the way to decrease the outdoor temperature and making the surrounding more comfortable. To understand this issue further, ENVI-met software was used to simulate all activities either natural or man-made to attain accurate prediction and evaluation for microclimate changes in certain area. For this study, the simulations were run in three scenarios of pavement, asphalt pavement without plants (scenario 1), concrete pavement without plants (scenario 2), and asphalt pavement with plants (scenario 3). Plants were design in area surrounding the building and in courtyard consisting of pine trees and hedges of 2 metre height. The result shows that greenery plants can influence air temperature and airflow in the surrounding thus improving thermal comfort in the area. Existing plants can decrease temperature from 0.5°C to 2.3°C and air velocity become slower at 0.05 m/s to 0.15 m/s. Overall, although the changes are at small scale, it is shown that plants are able to improve microclimate surrounding better towards thermal comfort standards.
A review on benefits, potential and conservation of Baccaurea lanceolata

Malaysia has introduced the Plant Genetic Resources for food and agriculture (PGR) policy to further research and profile its wild crops to conserve and protect its rich biological diversity. There is an urge for relevant research to be conducted since it may also serve as an identifying accession of desirable traits for crop improvement. One such underutilised plant, Baccaurea lanceolata or locally known as “liposu” by the Dusun people has long played a traditional and cultural role for the local Bornean people. Unfortunately, although in recent years it has gained traction as a traditional food delicacy among the locals, it has remained underutilised and not commercially cultivated due to limited research and exposure. Despite that, limited studies on plants of Baccaurea species have been shown to contain various beneficial properties. The underutilised fruit of Baccaurea lanceolata has a high probability of containing a health beneficial, noteworthy amount of unique, uncovered phytochemicals. Research on this underutilised plant may also provide a path to road of commercialisation as well as preserving this tree from the danger of forest clearing. This review paper has therefore compiled information from available secondary literature on Baccaurea lanceolata in terms of its traditional knowledge, cultural usage as well as studies on its scientifically proven health benefits.
Validity of physics edupark e-book with scientific approach based on tourism destinations of Rumah Gadang

The 21st Century is known for being digitally based and technology that has an influence on learning. The curriculum 2013 seeks to perfect learning based on regional contexts and technology. Lack of integration of learning material with regional contexts and technology utilization makes it difficult for students to understand the concepts of physics. Teachers and students not yet using non-printed in learning material that integrated with the regional context. One of the solutions to this problem is that non-printed in learning material has been created in the form of e-book Edupark physics. The purpose of this study was to produce a physics Edupark e-book with a scientific approach based on tourism destination of Rumah Gadang with valid criteria. The type of this research is educational design research (EDR) using the Plomp development’s model. This stage called prototyping phase I to see the validity of the physics Edupark e-book that was designed. Validation was carried out by three experts, namely physicists, learning or display design experts, and linguists. The data analysis technique used Aiken’s V formula. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the physics Edupark e-book with a scientific approach based on tourism destination of Rumah Gadang is very feasible, so that it is declared valid from the components of the material substance, learning design, display and language worthiness.
The antibacterial inhibition test of gonad sea urchin (diadema setosum) against the growth of staphylococcus aureus

A The sea urchin is sea animal the rich in vitamin A, vitamin B complex and minerals to the smooth functioning of the nervous system and the metabolism of the human body. Gonad sea urchin contains flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, and saponins. This research was conducted to determine inhibition of antibacterial ointment sea urchin gonads against Staphylococcus aureus. The type of research conducted is experimental. This research used a cylinder cup method to measure inhibition zone of gonad sea urchin gonad. After incubation for 24 hours, measured inhibitory zone diameter around the cylinder cup. The results showed that the sea urchin gonads ointment have inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with broad average inhibition zone produced at a concentration of 2% at 2.47 mm, 4% of 1.62 mm, and a concentration of 6% has inhibitory zone Of 1.12 mm, and a positive control of 11.55 mm and the negative control does not provide a drag zone. Based on the ANOVA test results can be concluded that the F test = 0.691 <F table = 3.48 to 0.05, this means significant treatment 3 repetitions in each of the samples showed that there was no significant difference for F count is smaller than F table.
Practicality of interactive multimedia of natural science integrated with the theme of motion in life using an integrated scientific approach to 21st-century learning

This interactive multimedia was developed using a scientific approach and integrated with the characteristics that exist in 21st-century learning. The practicality test aims to assess the practicality of the interactive multimedia products being developed. The practicality test was carried out by distributing a questionnaire in the form of an instrument sheet for the practicality of the response of educators and the responses of students to 2 educators and 15 students. The data analysis technique to assess the practicality of the product is the Likert scale. The result is an Integrated Natural Science interactive multimedia developed with very practical criteria so that students and educators can use it in teaching and learning activities.
The effect of dynamic mathematics software on mathematical problem solving ability

Mathematics is one of the fields of science that is very important for humans because all science is related to mathematics. One of the skills that should be learned and developed in mathematics is mathematical problem-solving ability. Problem-solving ability is highly needed because humans are always used in everyday life, both in education and daily life. In fact, students’ problem-solving abilities are lacking. This is because mathematical problems created by teachers are not based on indicators of problem-solving ability. Triangle is the important material of two-dimensional figures in elementary school. Teachers need to explain the basic concept of a triangle so that students can master a more difficult concept of a triangle. Dynamic mathematics software can help students grasp the concept of triangles. This study used a quantitative method. This study is a comparison between classes using Hawgent and using conventional methods. The subjects in this study were 72 seventh-grade students in Cianjur, Indonesia. Data were collected based on the results of the pre-test and post-test problem-solving ability. Based on the study results, the class using Hawgent is more good than the class that using the traditional method. Hawgent has been proven to help students understand triangle material.
Students’ attitude towards the implementation of six-questions cognitive model on fraction

This study aims to analyze students’ attitudes towards the implementation of the six-questions cognitive model in teaching fractions. Samples in this study were taken in elementary school, Cianjur, Indonesia. The method of this study is a quantitative method by giving questionnaires to 44 elementary school students. The questionnaire amounts to 15 items about the six-questions cognitive model in teaching fractions. Data questionnaire was analyzed using Microsoft excel and SPSS 19.00. the study showed that percentage Students’ attitude towards implementing the six-questions cognitive model in teaching fractions was 78.03%. This proved that most of the students have a positive attitude towards implementing the six-questions cognitive model on fractions. The results of attitude data analysis also showed that the average student attitude was 3.12 larger than 2.5. This proves that students prefer the teacher to use the six-questions cognitive model on fractions than the traditional method. In further research, the six-questions cognitive model can be used on other mathematical topics.
Airborne infrared aircraft target detection algorithm based on YOLOv4-tiny

Aiming at the problem that the current aerial infrared aircraft targets are blurred, low contrast, and susceptible to noise interference, which can lead to inaccurate recognition, an improved YOLOv4-tiny infrared aircraft target detection method based on cavity convolution is proposed. First, in order to make full use of the shallow features, add a parallel branch after the feature layer whose output size of YOLOv4-tiny is; then, after the first network output layer, add three parallel holes of 1, 3 respectively. 5. The depth of 5 can separate the hollow convolution layer to expand the feature map receptive field; finally, the feature fusion network is improved, the final output feature layer of the network, the improved anti-residual block extraction feature, and the size is adjusted after convolution. The prediction result is processed and output by yolo head. Experiments on the aerial infrared aircraft data set show that compared with the original YOLOv4-tiny, the detection accuracy is increased by 4.29% and the detection effect is significantly improved under the premise of less loss of detection frame rate and small weight.
Characterization of Rhizobium Indigenous Isolates and Their Compatibility with Edamame Soybean

Three isolates were isolated from edamame soybean nodules and characterized as indigenous Rhizobium sp. compatible with Edamame soybean, showing the potential to be developed as an inoculum for biological fertilizers that can increase the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers. All isolates grew on YMA + Congo Red medium, with colony characteristics of a circular shape, pink color, 1-3 mm in diameter with convex elevation, and slightly translucent (Opaque). The results of microscopic characterization showed that the bacilli-shaped cells were gram-negative. The growth curve showed that all isolates could grow optimally after 48 hours of culture. Physiologically, the three isolates were aerobic and catalase-producing bacteria. The re-inoculation of these Rhizobium isolates on edamame seeds proved its compatibility indicated by effective nodule formation up to 48.03 - 66.23%.