Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mucoadhesive Buccal Film of Estradiol for Hormonal Replacement Therapy: Development and In-Vivo Performance Prediction

The age-related loss of circulating estrogen that occurs during the menopausal transition manifests itself through a variety of symptoms including vasomotor (hot flushes and night sweats), genito-urinary syndrome (vaginal dryness and urinary symptoms), sexual dysfunction, mood, and sleep disturbance that often last longer than a decade. Furthermore, reductions in estrogen level increase the risks of chronic complications such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive decline among others, thereby affecting the quality of life of women. Although oral estrogens are the most widely used therapy for menopausal symptoms, they suffer from poor bioavailability, and there are concerns over their safety, creating a significant concern to consumers. Mucoadhesive buccal films are an innovative dosage form that offers several advantages including avoidance of the first-pass metabolism, fast onset of action, and importantly, improved patient acceptance. In the current work, we developed mucoadhesive estradiol film for hormonal replacement therapy using film-forming polymers. Two approaches, namely, co-solvency and nano-emulsion were evaluated to increase solubility and hence incorporate estradiol, a poorly water-soluble drug, into a formulation made from the hydrophilic polymer/s. The films were characterised for their mechanical and physicochemical properties. In-vitro release study showed that about 80% of the drug was released within 6 min from films prepared by the nano-emulsion approach, whereas it took about 10.5 min to get similar drug release from films prepared by the co-solvency approach. The ex-vivo permeation result indicates that about 15% of the drug permeated across the porcine buccal mucosa in the first 10 h from films prepared by the nano-emulsion approach, while permeation across porcine buccal mucosa was only observed at around 24 h from films prepared by the co-solvency method. The nano-emulsion films were evaluated for in vivo performance using a convolution technique using R software. The predicted Cmax and Tmax were found to be 740.74 ng mL−1 and 7 min, respectively, which were higher than previously reported in vivo concentration from oral tablets. The results demonstrated that mucoadhesive film of estradiol based on the nano-emulsion approach could be a promising platform for the delivery of estradiol through the buccal mucosa for the treatment of menopausal symptoms.
Management of Wilson Disease: The Quest Continues

585 Wilson’s disease (WD) is a recessively inherited disorder of copper metabolism, caused by a mutation in the ATP7B gene at chromosome 13, with resultant accumulation of copper in various organs, predominantly in the liver, brain, cornea, heart and the kidneys. [1] The global prevalence of WD is estimated to be 1 in 30,000–100,000. [2] There are no community‐based incidence and prevalence studies from India; however, the prevalence seems to be higher than the global estimates. [3] Typical clinical symptoms and signs, decreased serum ceruloplasmin level and presence of Kayser– Fleischer ring on slit‐lamp examination lead to a suspicion of WD, which is confirmed by genetic testing. [4] Zinc salts reduce the absorption of dietary copper from the intestine, while copper chelators such as dimercaprol, d‐penicillamine and trientine decrease the blood copper levels. These drugs form the mainstay of treatment in these patients. [5] Even under regular therapy, development of new neurological abnormalities is observed in around 19% and further worsening of neurological symptoms is seen in more than 24% of patients. [6]
Effects of different concentrations of pineapple core extract and maceration process on free-range chicken meat quality

The tenderisation effects of pineapple (Josephine variety) core extracts on the quality of free-range chicken meat using different maceration concentrations (30%, 50%, and 100%) and duration (15, 25, and 35 min) were analysed. Texture profile analysis, colour, pH, bromelain content, and microbiological analyses of the macerated meat samples were assessed. Broiler breast meat macerated with core extract (100%, 35 min) showed 86% reduction in hardness and the pH decreased from 5.87 to 4.99. The pineapple core extract has great potential as a meat tenderiser thus reduces the agriculture by-product and converts it into natural food ingredients.
Preparation and Properties of Double Network Hydrogel with High Compressive Strength

In this work, p–double network (p–DN) hydrogels were formed by the interpenetration of poly(2–acrylamide–2–methylpropanesulfonic acid–copolymer– acrylamide) microgel and polyacrylamide. The initial viscosity of prepolymer solution before hydrogel polymerization, mechanical properties, temperature and salt resistance of the hydrogels were studied. The results showed that the initial viscosity of the prepolymer was less than 30 mP·s, and the p–DN hydrogel not only exhibited high compressive stress (37.80 MPa), but the compressive strength of p–DN hydrogel could also reach 23.45 MPa after heating at 90 °C, and the compressive strength of p–DN hydrogel could reach 13.32 MPa after soaking for 24 h in the solution of 5W mineralization. In addition, the cyclic loading behavior of hydrogel was studied. The dissipation energy of p–DN hydrogel under 80% strain was 7.89 MJ/m3, which effectively dissipated energy. Meanwhile, p–DN hydrogel maintained its original form while breaking the pressure greater than 30 MPa, indicating excellent plugging performance.
Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio: A screening tool for diabetic nephropathy and an alternative to assessing glycemic control

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease with high morbidity and mortality. Chronic inflammation has been considered the potential pathogenesis responsible for the development of diabetic complications. The utility of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is being assessed and projected as novel, inexpensive, and reliable tools of disease progression and prognostication in various diseases. Aim and Objectives: In the present study, the association of NLR and PLR levels with microalbuminuria levels in diabetic patients is studied to find utility of NLR and PLR to predict disease progression. Materials and Methods: Patients were categorized into four different groups based on their HbA1c levels as Group I – Normal (with HbA1c in range 4%−5.6%), Group II – Pre-diabetic (with HbA1c in range 5.7%−6.4%), Group III – Diabetics (with HbA1c in range 6.5−7.0), and Group IV – Diabetics(with HbA1c > 7.0). The sensitivity and specificity of NLR and PLR values as a screening tool for early nephropathy in each category were analyzed. Utility of NLR and PLR as independent markers of glycemic control was evaluated using Pearson correlation analysis. Results: In this study, Group I patients showed significant relation between NLR, PLR with creatinine, urea, and microabluminuria while in Group II, NLR and microalbuminuria showed significant relationship. In Group III and IV, no such relation was seen. Conclusion: Our study found no significant correlation of NLR and PLR levels with microalbuminuria levels in diabetic patients and also that NLR and PLR are not much useful for assessing glycemic control.
Implementation of Authentic Assessment Curriculum 2013 of Mandarin Language in SMK Prapanca 2 Surabaya

The purpose of this study was to find out how the preparation of authentic assessment instruments at SMK Prapanca 2 Surabaya, the implementation of authentic assessments of Chinese subjects at SMK Prapanca 2 Surabaya, and the use of authentic assessment results of Chinese subjects at SMK Prapanca 2 Surabaya. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative approach. The research was conducted at SMK Prapanca 2 Surabaya in class XII. The subject in this study was a teacher of Mandarin class XII. The results of this study are that the teacher has implemented authentic assessment well but is constrained by time and infrastructure. The results of this authentic assessment can make it easier for teachers to map students' character so that teachers can easily determine what method is suitable for
Efficacy of Entrepreneurship Education, Intraprenuership and Students' Career Reflections

Entrepreneurship Education has emerged as an area of research. However, despite the substantial growth in these impact studies over recent years, the empirical findings remain mixed, conflicting and inconclusive. Moreover, when career outcomes are addressed in impact studies, the focus is on entrepreneurship as a career, while Entrepreneurship Education (EE), broader career implications remain unexplored. The objectives of the study are to investigate the effects of Participation in Entrepreneurship Education on Career reflection and also to examine the effect of Students Intentions on Entrepreneurship and Intraprenuership. 110 copies of questionnaire were administered to the employees of Center for Entrepreneurship Studies of three Universities in Nigeria; they are (i) Center for Entrepreneurship Kwara State University Malete Nigeria (ii) Center for Entrepreneurship Lagos State University Nigeria (iii) Center for Entrepreneurship Ogun State University Nigeria to get primary data that treated and tested appropriate research questions and hypotheses accordingly. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation efficient and regression analysis was employed. The yamane formula was used to determine the sample size. The study found out that Participation in Entrepreneurship Education affect Career reflection and Students Intentions affect Entrepreneurship and Intraprenuership. The findings revealed that Entrepreneurship Education is career exploration intervention that enables career reflection on career choice and future work selves. When students take part in Entrepreneurship Education, it can potentially be a process of transformational learning. The study recommend Entrepreneurship Education as a career reflection, this impact will have implications for students’ future careers. Consequently, Entrepreneurship Education has the potential to impact how students behave in their future careers and how they reflect upon these.
The effects of educator’s level of environmental literacy on their issue identification practices

Abstract Research on environmental literacy in students and adults has often used ratings of high and low to indicate the extent of one’s environmental literacy. Such ratings miss the nuances that a continuum could provide. This study uses a contextual perspective on environmental literacy which includes such a continuum to examine the relationship between level of environmental literacy and patterns of environmental issue identification. Based on responses from the Teacher Environmental Literacy Assessment, informal educators and teachers were placed along a continuum from functional to critical. Interviews were analysed to discern differences and find patterns in issue identification at three levels. In general, educators with a cultural or critical literacy provided more complex explanations of issue identification and proposed system-level action more often. Implications of differences at each level and in transition zones are discussed.
Clinical Study of Oral Mucosal Lesions in the Elderly—Prevalence and Distribution

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence, pattern, and distribution of oral mucosa lesions in elderly patients attending an outpatient oral pathology clinic. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 2747 patients’ medical files was performed. Of these, 1398 (50.6%) belonged to seniors. The mean age was 69.8 ± 7.1, and women were in the majority. Results: Among the entire group of patients, the three most common mucosal lesions were: oral lichenoid diseases (OLDs), lingual changes, and small nodules. In the female group, the most common diagnoses were: OLDs, lingual changes, and oral candidiasis; in the male population, the most common diagnoses were: lingual changes, small nodules, and OLDs. Those suffering from OLDs were the youngest patients, and those with focal oral mucosa erosions and ulcerations were the oldest patients. In the groups aged 60–70 and 71–80 years old, the most common diagnoses were OLDs, and in the oldest group (+80 years old), they were lingual lesions. Conclusions: Oral health has an obvious impact on the functional, psychological, and behavioral quality of life. There is a small number of publications concerning the prevalence and distribution of oral mucosa lesions in the senior population of European countries. Our study is filling in that void.
Culture, consumption and choice: towards a conceptual re1 a tio n s h i p

Abstract Manufacturers and retailers are continually extending the geographical scope of their activities, and the degree of acceptance by local consumer cultures is integral to the success or failure of their operations. It is, therefore, important that cultural influences on consumption behaviour are fully conceptualized and understood. Central to this understanding is a need to address how consumers prior- itize their own principles and set them against other criteria, bringing these to bear in the process of choosing particular products. This paper attempts to address the paucity of research in this respect by attempting to integrate areas of literature on culture, consumption and product choice. These relationships are explored through a simple con- ceptual framework, which is then used to discuss the influ- ence of culture on one particular type of behaviour - ‘ethical consumption’ - the degree to which consumers prioritize their own ethical concerns when making product choices. The paper concludes by highlighting the general implica- tions of the framework for research.
Four-wave mixing in 1.3 μm epitaxial quantum dot lasers directly grown on silicon

This work compares the four-wave mixing (FWM) effect in epitaxial quantum dot (QD) lasers grown on silicon with quantum well (QW) lasers. A comparison of theory and experiment results shows that the measured FWM coefficient is in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The gain in signal power is higher for p-doped QD lasers than for undoped lasers, despite the same FWM coefficient. Owing to the near-zero linewidth enhancement factor, QD lasers exhibit FWM coefficients and conversion efficiency that are more than one order of magnitude higher than those of QW lasers. Thus, this leads to self-mode locking in QD lasers. These findings are useful for developing on-chip sources for photonic integrated circuits on silicon.
A Comparison of the Performances of Unmanned-Aerial-Vehicle (UAV) and Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Forest Plot Canopy Cover Estimation in Pinus massoniana Forests

Canopy cover is an important indicator and commonly used in forest management applications. Unmanned-Aerial-Vehicle (UAV)—Borne Laser Scanning (ULS) has drawn increasing attention as a new alternative source for forest field inventory due to its spatial resolution comparable to that of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). In this study, the performance of plot canopy cover estimations from ULS and TLS is investigated. The experiment was conducted in 16 plots from two Pinus massoniana forests with different stand conditions in Guangxi, China. Both the Canopy Height Model (CHM)-based and Individual Tree Delineation (ITD)-based methods were used to estimate the canopy cover. The influence of CHM pixel sizes on the estimations was also analyzed. Our results demonstrated that the accuracies of ULS (R2: 0.992–0.996, RMSE: 0.591–0.820%) were better than those of TLS (R2: 0.541–0.846, RMSE: 3.642–6.297%) when compared against the reference. The average difference between the ULS and TLS estimations was 6.91%, and the disagreement increased as the forest complexity increased. The reasonable CHM pixel sizes for the canopy cover estimations were 0.07–1.2 m for ULS and 0.07–1.5 m for TLS. This study can provide useful information for the selection of data sources and estimation methods in plot canopy cover mapping.
Anatomy of the pancreas of mizoram local Pig (Zovawk)

This study was conducted to get the data and information about the target organ that might help in creating better understating of the physiological mechanism of this organ in Zovawk.For this experiment 6 apparently healthy pigs were selected. Different physical parameters of the collected samples were measured. To know the cellular architecture collected pancreas samples were first fixed with 10% NBF and were subsequently processed with standard tissue processing technique. For ultra-sturctural studies tissues were stained with Lead citrate and uranyl acetate. B cells were more numerous than the A cells in the islets of Langerhans which is characterized by the spherical nucleus and located almost all over the islets. Whereas A cells were characterized by the oval nucleus and distributed mainly in the center of the islets. Numerous zymogen granules were present in the acinar cells of zovawk pancreas which are thought to be the reason for the higher enzymatic properties in the zovawk pancreas.
Tailoring the Ablative Strategy for Atrial Fibrillation: A State-of-the-Art Review

In spite of technological progress and the improving skills of operators, atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation results appear to date to be at a plateau. In any case, the superiority of ablation over pharmacological therapy in terms of effectiveness, reduction of hospitalizations, and improvement has been well demonstrated in recent randomized trials. Triggers, substrate, and modulating factors (elements of Coumel's triangle) play different roles in paroxysmal and persistent AF, so induction and perpetuation mechanisms of arrhythmia may be different in each patient. Although effective ablative strategies are available for the treatment of paroxysmal AF triggers and persistent AF substrates, an adequate clinical evaluation of the patient is crucial in order to increase the chances of success. Recognizing triggers allows not only performing an effective ablation but also to avoid unnecessary lesions and at the same time reducing the risk of complications. AF beginning and triggers could be recorded by 12-lead ECG, continuous Holter monitoring, or implantable devices. In case of an unsuccessful noninvasive evaluation, nonpulmonary vein triggers should be investigated with an electrophysiological study. Persistent AF needs more effort to perform an accurate substrate characterization. Among the many methods proposed, recently the use of high-density mapping and multipolar catheters seems of particular benefit in order to clarify the arrhythmia mechanisms. Surgical and hybrid techniques allow to treat regions such as the posterior wall or Bachmann's bundle, which is fundamental for an ablative strategy that goes beyond just pulmonary vein isolation. Too often, patients are referred to electrophysiology laboratories without adequate preprocedural screening and planning in order to submit them to a standard “ready-made” procedure. The accurate search for triggers in paroxysmal AF and the correct recognition of the link between a possible underlying heart disease and the substrate in persistent AF could allow us to tailor the interventional approach in order to overcome the current plateau, increasing ablative procedure success and minimizing complications.
THE FALLACY OF PERSONAL VALIDATION (THE FORER EFFECT) IN THE SYSTEM OF BEHAVIORAL FINANCE BIASES

The main purpose of the research paper is to understand the interrelation of the fallacy of personal validation also called The Forer effect or The Barnum effect with one of the main biases of behavioral finances – the money illusion. During the last years we explored some personal factors which force and determinate the manifestation of money behavior such as subjective control, aspiration level etc. All of data force us to suppose that one of regulators of money behaviour is the belief in authority and obedience to expert opinion which could be measured by the level of manifestation of the fallacy of personal validation. This means that people are gullible because they think the information is about them only when in fact the information is generic. The research design is aimed to study and understand the manifestation of the money illusion among the people affected by the fallacy of personal validation (The Forer effect). This can help us to understand more deeply the phenomena of money illusion which nowadays affect more extensively our financial behaviour.
The Impact of Gut Microbiome on Maternal Fructose Intake-Induced Developmental Programming of Adult Disease

Excessive or insufficient maternal nutrition can influence fetal development and the susceptibility of offspring to adult disease. As eating a fructose-rich diet is becoming more common, the effects of maternal fructose intake on offspring health is of increasing relevance. The gut is required to process fructose, and a high-fructose diet can alter the gut microbiome, resulting in gut dysbiosis and metabolic disorders. Current evidence from animal models has revealed that maternal fructose consumption causes various components of metabolic syndrome in adult offspring, while little is known about how gut microbiome is implicated in fructose-induced developmental programming and the consequential risks for developing chronic disease in offspring. This review will first summarize the current evidence supporting the link between fructose and developmental programming of adult diseases. This will be followed by presenting how gut microbiota links to common mechanisms underlying fructose-induced developmental programming. We also provide an overview of the reprogramming effects of gut microbiota-targeted therapy on fructose-induced developmental programming and how this approach may prevent adult-onset disease. Using gut microbiota-targeted therapy to prevent maternal fructose diet-induced developmental programming, we have the potential to mitigate the global burden of fructose-related disorders.
Spanish in Albuquerque, New Mexico: Spanish-English Bilingual Adults’ and Children’s Vocalic Realizations

This study explores vocalic production and variation in 29 Spanish-English bilingual children and adults from Albuquerque, New Mexico. Linear mixed-effects models analyzed the effects of lexical stress, word position, phonetic context, Spanish use, and lexical frequency on the F1 (height) and F2 (frontedness) values of 2041 /i e a o u/ vowels. Importantly, results show that /u/ fronting is pervasive in both children and adults’ speech, but in contrast to adults’ more general /u/ fronting, children’s Spanish use also predicted atonic /u/ fronting. Expanding the range of data to include children also showed that children’s realizations displayed a generalized stress effect, whereby the atonic space was condensed compared to the tonic space. The generalized stress effect was absent among the adults. Changes in the degree of phonetic convergence between the adults and children are attributed to acquisitional paths and demographic changes in their community.