Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WORKING PAPER

On the popular game show “Who Wants To Be A Millionaire”, men appear to average higher winnings than women. This paper investigates potential reasons, including different uses of information sources (lifelines) and different perceptions of risk. We include gender-based tests of Kahneman and Tversky’s prospect theory, but offer instead the counterintuitive conclusion that men are rewarded for acting slightly more cautiously than women do. JEL codes: D01, D81, D83 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* Department of Economics and Business, Colorado College, 14 East Cache La Poudre, Colorado Springs, CO 80903. Telephone (719) 389-6654, email djohnson@ColoradoCollege.edu. ** Department of Psychology, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481. Telephone (781) 283-2487, email tgleason@wellesley.edu. Who REALLY Wants To Be A Millionaire?
Senecio L. (Asteraceae) in Australia: recombination systems of a polyploid series

Recombination systems of 32 species of Senecio are discussed in terms of chromosome number, chiasma frequency and position, breeding system and generation length. Darlington's recombination index cannot be applied to Senecio as several ploidy levels are represented. Increases in basic chromosome numbers promote recombination but increases by polyploidy buffer intermediate genotypes and retard evolutionary changes when selection is for homozygous or extreme phenotypes. High polyploid species of Senecio may therefore have recombination systems as restrictive as those produced by aneuploid reduction. When viewed in this manner, the majority of native species examined have recombination systems that contain a balance of restrictive and expansive factors regulating recombination.
Pelagic food web as the basis of fisheries in Lake Tanganyika: A bioenergetic modeling analysis

Fisheries in Lake Tanganyika, East Africa, are mainly based on two predominantly planktivorous clupeids ( Stolothrissa tanganicae and Limnothrissa miodon ) and a centropomid predator ( Lates stappersi ), caught with lift nets, purse seines, and beach seines by traditional, artisanal, and industrial fishers. The biological basis and sustainability of the present fisheries were assessed in a comprehensive project "Research for the Management of the Fisheries on Lake Tanganyika" in 1992-1998. Production in the whole lake was estimated for the entire pelagic food chain leading to the commercially important fish species. Preliminary calculations based on a constant production efficiency suggested that while the crustacean zooplankton production was sufficient to maintain the estimated planktivorous fish production, the food requirements of piscivorous fish exceeded the production of potential prey. Here, the food consumption by pelagic fish was estimated with a bioenergetic model using actual diet data for different size classes. In order to reveal potential differences in the food web sustaining the fisheries, separate calculations were made for different parts of the lake, which harbor different fish community compositions and size structures. According to the bioenergetic calculations, the food requirements of the planktivorous fish were a reasonable fraction (25-38%) of the zooplankton production. In contrast, very high predation pressure was indicated on shrimps (73-104%), and especially on prey fish (>100%), suggesting that the total biomass of the prey planktivores had been underestimated, or that the predatory fish biomass was overestimated. Annual catch of Stolothrissa tanganicae was 18-35% of estimated production in individual countries and 25% in the whole lake. For Limnothrissa miodon , the corresponding ratio was moderately low (19-22%) in Tanzania and Zambia, but high (55-61%) in Democratic Republic of Congo and Burundi; in the whole lake, the exploitation rate was 30%. For Lates stappersi , the catch/production ratios were very high (76-112%) in all parts of the lake, and even the lakewide average exploitation rate was as high as 94%. These figures suggest that the present clupeid fishery is on a sustainable basis, while the Lates populations are clearly overexploited.
Interfirm Mobility, Wages and the Return to Seniority and Experience in the U.S.

In this paper, we follow on the seminal work of Altonji and Shakotko (1987) and Topel (1991) and reinvestigate the returns to seniority in the U.S. These papers specify a wage function, in which workers’ wages can change through two channels: (a) returns to their seniority; and (b) returns to their labor market experience. We start from the same wage equation as in previous studies, and, following our theoretical model, we explicitly include a participation-employment equation and an interfirm mobility equation. The employment and mobility decisions define the individual’s experience and seniority. Because experience and seniority are fully endogenized, we introduce into the wage equation a summary of the workers’ entire career and past jobs. The three-equation system is estimated simultaneously using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). For all three education groups that we study, returns to seniority are quite high, even higher than what was previously obtained by Topel. On the other hand, the returns to experience appear to be similar to those previously found in the literature.
Developmental morphology of the flower of Anthurium jenmanii: a new element in our understanding of basal Araceae

The early stages of development of the inflorescence of Anthurium jenmanii Engl. were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The inflorescence of A. jenmanii consists of more than 100 flowers arranged in recognizable spirals. Each flower has four broad tepals enclosing four stamens that are not visible prior to anthesis. The gynoecium consists of two carpels. The floral primordia are first initiated on the lower portion of the inflorescence, they then increase in size and appear as transversely extended bulges. The two lateral tepals are the first organs to be initiated, followed shortly thereafter by the two median tepals. The two lateral stamens are initiated first, directly opposite the lateral tepals, and are followed by two median stamens initiated directly opposite the median tepals. A two-lobed stigma is clearly visible during the early stages of development of the gynoecium. On some of the young inflorescences, all floral parts were covered by extracellular calcium oxalate crystals. The rele.
Using SPOT data for calibrating a wheat growth model under mediterranean conditions

This paper describes the use of SPOT satellite data for deriving crop biophysical parameters at various dates during the growing season. In particular, the leaf area index (LAI) was estimated by using the semi-empirical CLAIR model. Subsequently, these LAI estimates were used for calibrating the mechanistic crop growth model ROTASK. This study is based on measurements obtained during the Alpilles experiment in Southern France from October 1996 to November 1997. Thus far, this methodology was applied using ground-based and airborne optical remote sensing data. In this study, it was shown that the methodology could also be applied using spaceborne imagery. Moreover, it was shown that parameters describing the relationship between the weighted difference vegetation index and the LAI for cereals in the Netherlands could also be applied to wheat crops in Southern France. This shows that this approach may have a broad applicability and that parameter estimates are not site-specific.
POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ELEVATIONAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF TROPICAL BIRDS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

Abstract An analysis of the elevational distributions of Southeast Asian birds over a 28-year period provides evidence for a potential upward shift for 94 common resident species. These species might have shifted their lower, upper, or both lower and upper boundaries toward a higher elevation in response to climate warming. These upward shifts occurred regardless of habitat specificity, further implicating climate warming, in addition to habitat loss, as a potentially important factor affecting the already imperiled biotas of Southeast Asia.
DO S CARR I NG E F F E C T S O F LOW -WAGE EMP LOYMENT AND NON-EMP LOYMENT D I F F ER B E TWEEN

This study investigates how the effects of low-wage employment and non-employment on wage prospects vary depending on qualification. Based on theories on signalling effects, human capital and job search, we discuss why there may be heterogeneity in state dependence in both labour market states. We find that episodes of low-wage employment incur a significantly lower risk of future nonemployment than episodes of non-employment for low-qualified workers. In contrast, for workers with a middle or high level of qualification the risk of nonemployment is not significantly different when being low-paid instead of not
Sporopollenin exhibiting colloidal organization in spore walls

Abstract Certain megaspores from the genus Selaginella (Lycophyta) and similar fossil genera of Cretaceous and Tertiary age are known to demonstrate a remarkable, iridescent appearance. Recent work on the spore wall ultrastructure shows that this iridescence is produced by a complex, ordered, particulate organization which is analogous to that of iridescent virus aggregates, precious opal and other synthetic materials. Our results suggest that this effect is produced by the accumulation of the spore wall material in the form of a monodisperse colloidal crystal. Colloidal organizations can also account for adjacent non-iridescent wall layers, the transition zones between these and the colloidal crystal and for spore walls with no hint of regular organization. The brief time in which the distinctive ordered exine ultrastructure develops and its occurrence around non-viable spore protoplasts add weight to the hypothesis that the exine is largely self-assembling. This new model of spore wall formation may wel.
Does the choice of stock selection criteria affect the performance of Sharīʿah-compliant equity portfolios?

Purpose There are a number of differences in the current Sharīʿah screening guidelines formulated by Sharīʿah scholars associated with world-renowned index providers and financial institutions. The purpose of this study is to highlight the consequences of such differences on the portfolio level outcomes for Sharīʿah-compliant investors. This study also investigates the cost of adopting an alternative stock selection methodology. Design/methodology/approach Seven Sharīʿah-compliant equity portfolios (SCEPs) are created from the active constituents of the S&P 500. Size, sector allocation and financial performance of the resulting seven portfolios are evaluated for the period 1984–2019. Style analysis is performed to attribute the difference in financial performance caused by the choice of selection criteria to different risk factors. The cost of switching the selection criteria is evaluated with turnover analysis and break-even transaction cost. Findings The choice of stock selection criteria has a significant effect on the size, sector bets and financial performance of the portfolios. Those portfolios which are constructed with market capitalization-based screens outperform portfolios constructed with total assets-based screens. The turnover analysis revealed that SCEPs are relatively costly in practice. Originality/value This study investigates the performance of Sharīʿah-compliant portfolios in the context of seven different screening guidelines. The effects of transaction cost and performance attribution to different risk factors represent the key contributions of this study.
(Forthcoming at Managerial and Decision Economics)

The aim of this paper is to study the influence of CEOs’ overconfidence on corporate R&D. We analyze a sample of 766 firms from the UK, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Spain and the Netherlands between 2008 and 2013. We use three measures of managerial overconfidence: the press coverage of CEOs, his/her age and his/her experience in the industry. Our results show that the firms run by overconfident managers actually invest more in R&D expenditures, even after controlling for country, industry and time factors. Overconfident managers not only spend more on R&D but also amplify the effect of financial determinants of R&D such as firm liquidity or profitability. Nevertheless, overconfident managers do not invest efficiently in R&D and these expenditures can negatively affect the value of the firm.
Genetic analysis of Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) cultivars by ISSR molecular markers

Abstract Eight cultivars of Citrus aurantium L. , showing peculiar morphological traits of the fruits and leaves, were analyzed genetically. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) was chosen as molecular markers because they represent a highly efficient system for investigating variability at intraspecific level. The particular morphological traits were discussed, the genetic identity and distance matrix based on Nei index was calculated, and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram was generated. A total of 53 clearly distinguished DNA bands were considered for the ISSR analysis of which 24 were polymorphic. A basic C. aurantium fingerprinting pattern was obtained. The ISSR profiles allowed to discriminate only two cultivars, while the other six ones did not show polymorphisms, although their phenotypes were notably different, indicating that mutations must have occurred without significantly modifying the DNA length between the simple sequence repeats. The results showed a very low level of genetic variability among the cultivars; “Canaliculata” formed a separated cluster with C. sinensis Osbeck, suggesting a probable hybrid origin derived from crossing between sour and sweet orange. This study confirmed the reliability and reproducibly of ISSR markers for Citrus fingerprinting purposes, although some morphological differences could not be detected; therefore, both morphological and genetic characters must be considered for cultivar or variety identification.
Monitoring of heat‐induced degradation of edible oils by proton NMR

The degradation process of edible oils of very different nature, submitted to 190 °C with aeration, is studied by means of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In this study, no primary oxidation products, such as hydroperoxides, are detected, the signals of aldehydes being the first to be observed in the 1H NMR spectra. Differences between this degradation process and those occurring at 70 °C with aeration or under microwave action are discussed, not only in relation to the degradation rate of the different acyl groups, but also in relation to the nature and proportions of some of the degradation products generated. Oils rich in oleic acyl groups are not only more resistant to degradation than oils rich in linoleic and linolenic acyl groups, but also produce lower proportions of toxic aldehydes.
GENES ASSOCIATED WITH DIMORPHISM AND VIRULENCE OF CANDIDA ALBICANS

Strategies for the analysis of a range of Candida albicans genes, whose expression is regulated during the yeast to hyphal transition (dimorphism), including genes encoding putative virulence factors, are reviewed. To help discriminate among genes whose products were the cause or consequence of dimorphism, temporal changes in the levels of the mRNAs of these and other genes were examined by northern analysis. The mRNA levels of most genes that were examined increased or decreased, transiently or persistently indicating complex alterations in gene expression during morphogenesis. Genes encoding four glycolytic enzymes were regulated transcriptionally during dimorphism but control experiments indicated no direct correlation with germ tube formation. Two chitin synthase genes (CHS2 and CHS3) and three aspartyl proteinase genes (SAP4–SAP6) were transcribed preferentially in the hyphal form, but in these cases hypha-specific expression was shown to be strain dependent or medium dependent, respectively. A gene,.
Molecular phylogenetic investigations of Bulinus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Lake Malawi with comments on the topological incongruence between DNA loci

Freshwater snails of the genus Bulinus, subfamily Bulininae, are widespread in Africa and the Middle East. Several species are intermediate hosts for schistosomes, mammalian blood flukes that cause schistosomiasis. The genus is split into four species groups and without recourse to further molecular DNA studies, phylogenetic relationships within and between species‐groups remain obscure. For example, the Bulinus truncatus/tropicus species complex, which cannot be adequately defined with morphological characters, appears to be monophyletic but increased taxon sampling is warranted for confirmation when this group appears to contain species with limited sequence divergence in either mitochondrial 16S rRNA or Cytochome Oxidase subunit I (COI) loci. In the present study, taxonomic sampling is increased through addition of several taxa, including B. nyassanus and B. succinoides both endemic to Lake Malawi. From DNA analyses, these two species appear basal within the B. truncatus/tropicus species complex which provides an interesting evolutionary insight into its origins. The relationship of the B. truncatus/tropicus species complex with the three other groups, however, is more problematic as incongruence between loci and computational methodologies exist. This phenomenon is likely due to mutational saturation of the COI as evidenced by the transition : transversion ratio which also results in placement of the discoidal Indoplanorbis exustus, a member of the Bulininae, within the ingroup. To resolve these more basal incongruencies between species groups inspection of more evolutionary conserved molecular loci is needed, for example, the nuclear histone H3 gene, and 18S and 28S rDNA.
CEBI WORKING PAPER SERIES

Do people end up in financial trouble simply because of adverse shocks to income and wealth, or is financial trouble related to persistent differences in financial attitudes and behavior that may be transmitted from generation to generation? We address this question using a new administrative data set with longitudinal information about defaults for the universe of personal loans in Denmark. We provide non-parametric evidence showing that the default propensity is more than four times higher for individuals with parents who are in default compared to individuals with parents not in default. This intergenerational relationship is apparent soon after children move into adulthood and become legally able to borrow. The intergenerational relationship is remarkably stable across age groups, levels of loan balances, parental income levels, childhood school performance, time periods and different measures of financial trouble. Basic theory points to three possible explanations for the correlation across generations in financial trouble: (i) children and parents face common shocks; (ii) children and parents insure each other against adverse shocks; (iii) financial behavior differs across people and is transmitted across generations. Our evidence indicates that the last explanation is the most important. Finally, we show that the intergenerational correlation in financial trouble is not fully incorporated in interest setting on loans, pointing to the existence of an interest rate externality in the market for personal loans.
Biologia e pesca do camarão sete-barbas Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller) (Crustacea, Penaeidae), na Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha, Santa Catarina, Brasil

The artisanal fishery of the sea-bob-shrimp is known as “sun to sun fishery” and is developed in large scale along the Brazilian coast, playing a significant economic, historical, social and cultural role. Nowadays, sea-bob-shrimp fisheries is classified as the highest economic interest and the second fisheries resource in the South-southeast coast of Brazil. Aiming to study the biology and fishery of the sea-bob-shrimp at Armacao do Itapocoroy, Penha (26o40’-26o47’S and 48o36’-48o38’W), 30 minutes samples were performed monthly, from August 1996 to July 2003. Total and standard length, sex, maturation stages, biomass and total number of specimens were registered between 1996-1997 and 1999-2001. Between August 1998 and July 1999, the diet of X. kroyeri (Heller, 1862) was also studied. The species’ total length varied from 3.0 to 16.0 cm and seasonal fluctuations in its abundance and biomass showed higher values along the summer and autumn months. The length/weight relationship indicated an isometric growth and first maturity occurring between 7.3 and 7.9 cm, reached in six months. The species presented two spawning peaks along the year, and the artisanal fishery showed a higher pressure over the adult stock. The trophic spectrum was composed by 30 items, being Gammaridae, sand, other crustaceans and organic matter the basic elements of its diet. A mean value of 67.82 vessels operate yearly during eight months on the sea-bob-shrimp fishery at Armacao do Itapocoroy, yielding a total of up to 170 ton/year.
The effect of shrubs on the seed rain of annuals in a semiarid landscape

Sarcopoterium spinosum (prickly burnet) is a dominant shrub species in many semiarid shrublands of the eastern Mediterranean region. The annual plant community under the shrub canopy differs significantly from that in open (intershrub) patches in terms of abundance, biomass, and species diversity. This shrub/open contrast in vegetation closely matches the contrast in abiotic conditions, which is mainly attributed to the engineering effects of the shrub. However, S. spinosum may also act as a seed barrier between patch types, thus controlling which seeds are exposed to the contrasting conditions. As the canopy of S. spinosum is shaped like a tightly packed cushion, we hypothesized that it prevents or slows the movement of seeds across patch boundaries. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the seed rains under intact shrubs, under shrubs whose canopies were removed, and in open patches. We compared the distribution among the patch types of species at the seed stage with that of the same species at the adu.
Institution-management approach to SOE reforms: the case of Vietnam INSTITUTION-MANAGEMENT APPROACH TO STATE OWNED ENTERPRISE REFORMS: THE CASE OF VI M ETNA

This paper considers the debate regarding ownership, competition and alternative approaches to SOE reforms. While the conventional approach has been, supported by empirical work, that privatization is only the most extreme of series proposals for the reforms, empirical evidence in Vietnam is an example to the contrary when it has advocated to reforms in market institutions and management rather than a radical ownership change. We argue that market-supporting institutions matter to a higher productive and profitable performance of the state enterprises. Enforcement to enhance ownership management has a positive contribution to productive performance of SOEs. Along with the focal relationship, we control the impact of market competition, local initial conditions, firm size and discuss some implementations of the analysis.
Discussion Paper No. 072 An Empirical Analysis of Sustainability of Trade Deficits

This paper empirically investigates the long run convergence of exports and imports for Pakistan’s economy. The cointegration approach based on Johansen (1995) method of Full Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) is used. The results show that trade flows are cointegrated implying the country is not in violation of its international budget constraint. Therefore it suggests that overall Macroeconomic policies are effective in bringing imports and exports into an equilibrium in the long-run. The results imply that trade imbalances are short-run phenomena and are sustainable in the long-run.