Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vector autoregression with varied frequency data

The Vector Autoregression (VAR) model has been extensively applied in macroeconomics. A typical VAR requires its component variables being sampled at a uniformed frequency, regardless of the fact that some macro data are available monthly and some are only quarterly. Practitioners invariably align variables to the same frequency either by aggregation or imputation, regardless of information loss or noises gain. We study a VAR model with varied frequency data in a Bayesian context. Lower frequency (aggregated) data are essentially a linear combination of higher frequency (disaggregated) data. The observed aggregated data impose linear constraints on the autocorrelation structure of the latent disaggregated data. The perception of a constrained multivariate normal distribution is crucial to our Gibbs sampler. Furthermore, the Markov property of the VAR series enables a block Gibbs sampler, which performs faster for evenly aggregated data. Lastly, our approach is applied to two classic structural VAR analyses, one with long-run and the other with short-run identification constraints. These applications demonstrate that it is both feasible and sensible to use data of different frequencies in a new VAR model, the one that keeps the branding Corresponding author: Department of Economics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010. Email: hqi@iastate.edu Preprint submitted to Faculty Search Committee November 13, 2011 of the economic ideas underlying the structural VAR model but only makes minimum modification from a technical perspective.
First application of a Petschek‐type reconnection model with time‐varying reconnection rate to THEMIS observations

[1] We present a method to determine the location of the reconnection site and the amount of reconnected magnetic flux out of an analytical time-dependent reconnection model and apply this method to disturbances observed on 2 February 2008 at about 0200 and 0815 UT by THEMIS B (P1). During these events, P1 detected two tailward propagating traveling compression regions, associated with typical variations in Bz and Bx. We find the reconnection site to be located at about −16 RE for the event at 0200 UT and −17.5 RE for the event at 0815 UT. These locations are consistent with simple timing considerations with respect to disturbances detected by the inner THEMIS spacecraft. The amount of reconnected flux in our 2-D model can be found to be in the order of 108 nT m for both events. The calculations for the reconnection site's location are done by using two approaches, i.e., by using the Bz and the Bx signals, yielding consistent results. The reconnected flux can be determined using Bz and vz. Also, these results are in good agreement. A comparison between the disturbances detected by P1 and the modeled variations shows that our model describes disturbances in the magnetic field and the background plasma very well.
A level set‐based topology optimization method targeting metallic waveguide design problems

In this paper, we propose a level set‐based topology optimization method targeting metallic waveguide design problems, where the skin effect must be taken into account since the metallic waveguides are generally used in the high‐frequency range where this effect critically affects performance. One of the most reasonable approaches to represent the skin effect is to impose an electric field constraint condition on the surface of the metal. To implement this approach, we develop a boundary‐tracking scheme for the arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) mesh pertaining to the zero iso‐contour of the level set function that is given in an Eulerian mesh, and impose Dirichlet boundary conditions at the nodes on the zero iso‐contour in the ALE mesh to compute the electric field. Since the ALE mesh accurately tracks the zero iso‐contour at every optimization iteration, the electric field is always appropriately computed during optimization. For the sensitivity analysis, we compute the nodal coordinate sensitivities in the ALE mesh and smooth them by solving a Helmholtz‐type partial differential equation. The obtained smoothed sensitivities are used to compute the normal velocity in the level set equation that is solved using the Eulerian mesh, and the level set function is updated based on the computed normal velocity. Finally, the utility of the proposed method is discussed through several numerical examples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consensus of Experts on the Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction after Surgery for Prostate Cancer in Taiwan

According to the Taiwan Cancer Report, in 2018, prostate cancer was one of the top five cancers reported in men. Each year, many patients with prostate cancer undergo radical prostatectomy (RP) therapy. One of the most common RP complications is erectile dysfunction (ED). Although consensus guidelines for the management of sexual dysfunction after prostate cancer surgery have been developed for many Western and Asian countries, no such clinical practice guidelines have been developed for Taiwan. The consensus opinions expressed in this article were discussed by numerous experienced physicians in Taiwan, based on both existing international guidelines and their individual experiences with clinical trials and providing advice to clinical physicians on how to inform patients of the risk of ED prior to surgery. This review also discusses how recovery and rehabilitation may be affected by socioeconomic status, the existence of an intimate relationship, comorbidities, or the need for cancer adjuvant therapy and how to determine rehabilitation goals and provide appropriate treatments to assist in the recovery of both short- and long-term sexual function.
The Effectiveness of the Growth Mindset Program in Developing the Projects Proposal Writing Skills

The purposes of this research were 1) to construct a growth mindset program on improving the ability of teacher professional students to prepare projects 2) to examine the impact of the growth mindset curriculum, and 3) to examine the mental shift that occurs in students who get growth mindset instruction. Four-year education students in two classrooms were split into experimental and control groups at random. The trial phase of a teaching program’s development was used, and data were gathered using research instruments including a project writing test and a mentality evaluation. In the analysis, the independent t-test and one-way ANOVA with repeated measures were utilized as statistics. The study’s results showed that using a growth mindset program, the experimental group’s pre-learning project writing achievements differed from post with a statistical significance of 0.01, its post-learning project writing achievements differed from the control group with a statistical significance of 0.05, and its pre-learning, post-learning, and follow-up mindset changes with mean scores that were not different from each other.
Ground‐satellite study of a Pc 1 ion cyclotron wave event

The magnetospheric generation and propagation characteristics of ion cyclotron waves associated with a Pc 1 emission observed by a network of four middle and low-latitude ground stations are determined using ground source location techniques and ISEE 1 plasma data. The source region at L = 4.7 {plus minus} 0.7 is determined from propagation in the F{sub 2} region ionospheric duct using wave polarization characteristics at ground stations. This source is just inside the steep plasmapause seen by ISEE 1 at L = 4.9 {plus minus} 0.1. The ion cyclotron wave packet interhemispheric bounce period measured from the ground spectra increases with time from 140 to 155 s during the event but is in agreement with dispersion calculations undertaken using ISEE 1 electron density and cool to cold ion composition data in a H{sup +} plasma with 8-10% He{sup +} and <1% O{sup +} ions. The frequency of the Pc 1 emission band seen on the ground (0.5-0.8 Hz) corresponds to the propagation region between the equatorial O{sup +} cutoff frequency and the He{sup +} cyclotron frequency. Linear convective growth rate calculations inside the plasmapause show significant wave amplitudes in this band. With these results it is possible to completely describemore » the wave generation mechanism and the magnetosphere ionosphere propagation characteristics for the Pc 1 event. « less
Quantitative tectonic geomorphic study from bedrock rivers of the Fold and Thrust Belt in the Bengal Basin

Research on the Bengal Basin, the most important sedimentary basin in the world that supports ~200 million people, is primarily focused on its geologic evolution and anthropogenic effects, yet the basin is poorly studied in terms of geomorphic response to tectonic activity. The eastern part of the Bengal Basin is characterized by the Chittagong Tripura Fold Belt (CTFB) and the Indo‐Burman Range (IBR), which have structurally deformed into a series of mostly compressional fold and thrust belts including strike–slip faults because of the ongoing subduction‐related convergence between the Eurasian Plate and the Indian Plate. A network of river channels incising through thick sedimentary rocks and crossing and/or flowing parallel to this fold and thrust Belt. The active tectonic deformation caused by the structures and ongoing compression‐related activity remains enigmatic due to the sparse dataset, thick vegetation cover, outcrop paucity, and the Basin's complex geology. In this paper, we investigate river response to ongoing tectonics in the CTFB and western IBR by analysing channel geomorphic metrics (ksn, χ, and knickpoints) coupled with river profile forms derived from 30 m resolution NASADEM. Our results reveal (1) several convex and double‐concave reaches of major rivers and their tributaries that primarily indicate the transient state of the rivers; (2) a total of 219 upstream propagating knickpoints including distinct knickzones in profile reaches, suggesting river profile adjustment; (3) two different ksn zones in the CTFB and IBR with high ksn zone to the east and low ksn zone to the west, where ksn values range from 0 to 4905. These zones are thought to be associated with the differential uplift rate of the two east‐dipping thrust fault systems, the Kaladan Fault and Chittagong Cox's Bazar Fault (CCF); and (4) the χ‐ map (values ranging from 0.47 to 19,631.75) shows an occasional transient state of drainage divides where divides are migrating to the east, west, and north‐east, and χ versus elevation plots exhibiting disequilibrium state of the rivers suggesting that these drainage basins are likely adjusting with tectonic activities. Thus, our empirical observation suggests that the major rivers and their tributaries are in a transient state related to the region's overall ongoing tectonics.
Characteristic-based, rotated upwind scheme for the Euler equations

A rotated upwind scheme is developed that calculates shock waves oblique to the grid with nearly the same resolution as shocks that are aligned with the grid. The scheme applies flux difference splitting along two orthogonal directions for each cell face, with the directions computed on the basis of pressure gradient data. Rotated extrapolations and flux limiting are used to generate second-order spatial accuracy. A filtering of the pressure gradient data allows the convergence of the rotated scheme with continuously updated upwinding angles, at a rate comparable to classical schemes. Flux evaluations based on characteristi c variables and characteristic boundary conditions are discussed and implemented. The method has been tested on two simple shock reflection problems and formally second-order results capture the oblique shocks with only two to three cells in the shock transition region.
Personalized online ensemble machine learning with applications for dynamic data streams

In this work we introduce the personalized online super learner (POSL), an online personalizable ensemble machine learning algorithm for streaming data. POSL optimizes predictions with respect to baseline covariates, so personalization can vary from completely individualized, that is, optimization with respect to subject ID, to many individuals, that is, optimization with respect to common baseline covariates. As an online algorithm, POSL learns in real time. As a super learner, POSL is grounded in statistical optimality theory and can leverage a diversity of candidate algorithms, including online algorithms with different training and update times, fixed/offline algorithms that are not updated during POSL's fitting procedure, pooled algorithms that learn from many individuals' time series, and individualized algorithms that learn from within a single time series. POSL's ensembling of the candidates can depend on the amount of data collected, the stationarity of the time series, and the mutual characteristics of a group of time series. Depending on the underlying data‐generating process and the information available in the data, POSL is able to adapt to learning across samples, through time, or both. For a range of simulations that reflect realistic forecasting scenarios and in a medical application, we examine the performance of POSL relative to other current ensembling and online learning methods. We show that POSL is able to provide reliable predictions for both short and long time series, and it's able to adjust to changing data‐generating environments. We further cultivate POSL's practicality by extending it to settings where time series dynamically enter and exit.
Effects of turbulator profile and spacing on heat transfer and friction in a channel

Turbulators in cooling passages of small turbine blades often have geometric constraints placed upon them due to casting limitations associated with small dimensions. Problems such as core die wear, cavity fill imperfections, and casting tolerance variations change turbulator profiles in their final form. This change of turbulator geometry affects, often in the wrong direction, the heat transfer coefficient and friction factor in the cooling cavity. Liquid crystals are used in this experimental investigation to study the effects of turbulator profile and spacing on heat transfer coefficient. Friction factors are also measured, and both heat transfer and friction factor results for 15 turbulator geometries are compared. For all test configurations, the turbulators are positioned on two opposite walls of a rectangular test section in a staggered arrangement with an angle of attack to the mainstream flow, a = 90 deg. A range of turbulator blockage ratios e/Dh, pitch-to-height ratios S/e, and Reynolds numbers are tested. It is concluded that while turbulators with aspect ratios (ARf = turbulator height/ turbulator width) greater than unity produce higher heat transfer coefficients at the expense of higher pressure losses, trapezoidal-shaped turbulators, spaced properly, are very effective in heat removal with moderate pressure losses. Low aspect ratio (ARt < 1) turbulators, especially with round corners, produce lower heat transfer coefficients. Furthermore, an optimum pitch-to-height ratio for 90-deg square turbulators is found to be around 8.
Chemical order and selection of the mechanism for strain relaxation in epitaxial FePd(Pt) thin layers

We observed that the relaxation mechanism of the epitaxial strain is dramatically dependent on the chemical ordering within the L1{sub 0} structure in FePd(Pt) thin films. In disordered or weakly ordered layers, the relaxation takes place though perfect (1/2)[101] dislocations, whereas well-ordered films relax through the partial 1/6[112] Shockley dislocations, piled-up within microtwins, with a huge impact on both the morphology and the magnetic properties of the film. We show that the antiphase boundary energy is the key factor preventing the propagation of perfect dislocations in ordered alloys.
Wave‐particle interactions near ΩHe+ observed on GEOS 1 and 2 1. Propagation of ion cyclotron waves in He+‐rich plasma

The GEOS 1 and 2 spacecraft contain a set of particle and wave detectors which allow for a very comprehensive study of wave-particle interactions occurring within the equatorial region of the magnetosphere. This paper is devoted to interactions involving protons in the energy range 20 keV to 300 keV and ULF waves with frequencies below the proton gyrofrequency. It is shown that mose of the ion cyclotron waves (ICW's) detected in this frequency range have spectra whose charcteristic frequencies are organized in the vicinity of the He/sup +/ gyrofrequency. Simultaneous measurements of the ion composition in the thermal energy range (E< or approx. =110 eV) show these waves to be clearly associated with the abundance of cold He/sup +/ as well as the anisotropy of ions above 20 keV. The general characteristics of these helium-associated ULF events are presented in case studies of four events. The interpretation of this phenomenon is given in the present paper in terms of the propagation of ICW's in a He/sup +/ -rich plasma. It is shown that the shape of the cold plasma dispersion curve (for both parallel and non-parallel propgation) can adequately explain the main characteristics of the observed waves (frequency spectrum, polarization)more » as well as the differences between observations made onboard GEOS 1 and GEOS 2. The generation conditions of ion cylotron waves in such a multi-component plasma, as well as their quasi-linear effects on both the cold He/sup +/ ions and the hot protons, are discussed in a companion paper. « less
Sustainable Total Reward Strategies for Talented Employees’ Sustainable Performance, Satisfaction, and Motivation: Evidence from the Educational Sector

The importance of sustainable human resource practices is increasing yearly. During COVID-19, many benefits and compensation strategies became increasingly important for employees. Working environments are described as one of the main factors that affects people’s lives while they are at work. This empirical study explores the impact of sustainable total reward strategies on sustainable talented employee performance, satisfaction, and motivation in the education field, using a quantitative research method. Data were collected from an annual survey developed by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The participants of this survey were residents of 47 different countries and economies, and a total of 153,682 teachers participated. The annual survey’s main goal is to generate reliable, valid, and comparable population estimates based on sample data. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and SPSS version 24. The findings of this research show a positive correlation between total sustainable rewards and sustainable employee performance (B = 0.079, p < 0.01), satisfaction (B = 0.370, p < 0.01), and motivation (B = 0.427, p < 0.01). These results might have social and economic implications, especially in the educational sector.
On the spectrum of the free streaming operator in the three‐dimensional case

We study the spectrum of the free streaming operator in the three‐dimensional case in an L 1 ‐contest. We prove that the spectrum is contained in the imaginary axis of the complex plane. We also perform a study of the semigroup generation properties of the free streaming operator and prove that the streaming operator generates a group of unitary norm in the whole space. In the half‐space case, the free streaming operator generates a group is of unitary norm only if the boundary conditions are conservative.
Number of Local Regional Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Peri-Operative Outcomes after Liver Transplantation

Simple Summary This was a retrospective single center analysis of 298 consecutive patients with HCC who underwent liver transplant. We sought to understand the impact that the number and type of local regional therapies (LRTs) have on peri-operative outcomes and complications after liver transplantation. The patients who received more than 3 LRTs prior to a liver transplant had a higher risk of biliary leak but otherwise similar outcomes to those who received fewer LRTs. Abstract The wait times for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) listed for liver transplant are longer than ever, which has led to an increased reliance on the use of pre-operative LRTs. The impact that multiple rounds of LRTs have on peri-operative outcomes following transplant is unknown. This was a retrospective single center analysis of 298 consecutive patients with HCC who underwent liver transplant (January 2017 to May 2021). The data was obtained from two institution-specific databases and the TransQIP database. Of the 298 patients, 27 (9.1%) underwent no LRTs, 156 (52.4%) underwent 1-2 LRTs, and 115 (38.6%) underwent ≥3 LRTs prior to LT. The patients with ≥3 LRTs had a significantly higher rate of bile leak compared to patients who received 1-2 LRTs (7.0 vs. 1.3%, p = 0.014). Unadjusted and adjusted regression analyses demonstrated a significant association between the total number of LRTs administered and bile leak, but not rates of overall biliary complications. The total number of LRTs was not significantly associated with any other peri-operative or post-operative outcome measure. These findings support the aggressive use of LRTs to control HCC in patients awaiting liver transplant, with further evaluation needed to confirm the biliary leak findings.
Spurious peaks arising from multiple scattering events involving the sample environment in inelastic neutron scattering

Well defined peaks with energies of about 18 meV have been observed in a variety of inelastic neutron scattering experiments on both single crystals and powders, using either the triple-axis or the time-of-flight technique. They can easily be mistaken for signatures of real excitations. It has been found that they are due to multiple scattering events involving primarily the walls of the sample environment. Hence, they are particularly troublesome in experiments using very small samples, as have been used with recently developed high-intensity neutron spectrometers. Measures required to reduce the unwanted scattering to a minimum are also discussed.
Simulations of the effects of vertical transport on the thermosphere and ionosphere using two coupled models

We have explored the sensitivity of the thermosphere and ionosphere to dynamical forcing from altitudes near the mesopause (~95 km). We performed five simulations, all for the year 2009, with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)/Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). Two simulations were driven with the NCAR Global Scale Wind Model, and three used output from the Advanced Level Physics High Altitude (ALPHA) version of the Navy's Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS). Use of NOGAPS‐ALPHA allows for realistic meteorological variability from the lower atmosphere to propagate up into the TIEGCM, including a rich spectrum of nonmigrating tides. We find that the additional vertical transport from these tides causes a significant reduction in the calculated peak electron density of the ionospheric F2 layer (NmF2). The mechanism for this effect is the enhanced downward transport of atomic oxygen to the base of the thermosphere. In turn, this yields a greater relative abundance of N2 and hence enhanced recombination of ions and electrons. To get improved agreement with observed electron densities, we must reduce (Kzz) by a factor of 5. However, even with lower Kzz, our calculation still underestimates the NmF2 compared with radio occultation observations by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate satellite system. This underestimate of NmF2 may be linked to an overestimate of the nonmigrating tides in the coupled TIEGCM‐NOGAPS calculations or to uncertainties in the bottom boundary for atomic oxygen in the TIEGCM.