Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of short-term warming and drought on the methanogenic communities in degraded peatlands in Zoige Plateau

Peatlands in Qinghai-Tibetan are degrading with climate change and human activities. Peatland degradation and climate change affect methane emissions. Methanogens are key functional microbes during methane production; however, knowledge of methanogens in degraded peatlands is lacking. Here, we investigated the effects of short-term (1 year) warming (OTC), drought (20%), and their combination on methanogens in the degraded peatlands on the Zoige Plateau of China via qPCR and clone library analysis. The results showed that Methanomicrobiales and Methanobacteriales were predominant in all the treatments. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and PERMANOVA analyses showed that the methanogenic community structure among the climate change treatments was not significantly different. The relative abundance of methanogen communities showed insignificant variation among the climate change treatments. The copy number and Shannon diversity of methanogens were significantly different within the climate change treatments, and drought significantly decreased the copy number of methanogens when compared to the control. The Redundancy analysis (RDA) results and correlation analysis showed that the environmental variables measured had no significant effect on methanogenic community structure and Shannon diversity. These results indicate that methanogens are insensitive to short-term climate change in degraded peatlands. This study provides insight into methane emissions from the Zoige Plateau peatlands by focusing on the possible responses of the methanogens to climate-driven changes.
Conway polynomials of periodic links

Introduction Geometric properties of knots and links in a 3-sρhere *S often have effect on their polynomial invariants. Periodicity of knots and links is one of them. Therefore to study periodic knots and links, it is significant to investigate their polynomial invariants. In this paper, we consider the following situation: Let L=Kι\J ••• UKμy μ>\ be an oriented link and B be a trivial knot with Bf]L=0. We consider the />-fold cyclic cover qp: S ->S branched over B, wherep>2. We denote the preimage of L and K{ by L and Kiy respectively and call them the covering links of L and Kh respectively. Let Ki=Kn U ••• U Kiv. be a -component link. We give K(j the orientation inherited from K{. Then L=Kλ U U J? μ=ϋΓiί U U Kλ Vl U U Kμi U U Kμ*μ has the unique orientation. In 1971, Murasugi [7] showed a relationship between the Alexander polynomials of L and L for the case μvμ=l. Later, Hillman [4], Sakuma [10] and Turaev [12] extended Murasugi's result to the general case. Our goal in this paper is to give a relation between the Conway polynomials of L and L using their results (Theorem 2). To do this, we sharpen their formulas by expressing in terms of the Conway potential function [2] whose existence is shown by Hartley [3] (Theorem 1). Although the Alexander polynomial is usually defined with the difference by a unit of a polynomial ring, the Conway potential function is uniquely defined as an element of a polynomial ring. We denote the Conway potential functions of L, B U L and Lby ΩL(tι> •••, tμ), ΩB[iL(s, tu—9 U) and Ωz(tn, •••, /1Vl, •••, tμi, —,'f
Recurrent acute myocarditis: An under-recognized clinical entity associated with the later diagnosis of a genetic arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy

Background Myocardial inflammation has been consistently associated with genetic arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and it has been hypothesized that episodes mimicking acute myocarditis (AM) could represent early inflammatory phases of the disease. Objective We evaluated the temporal association between recurrent acute myocarditis (RAM) episodes and the later diagnosis of a genetic ACM. Materials and methods Between January 2012 and December 2021, patients with RAM and no previous cardiomyopathy were included (Recurrent Acute Myocarditis Registry, NCT04589156). A follow-up visit including clinical evaluation, resting and stress electrocardiogram, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and genetic testing was carried out. Endpoints of the study was the incidence of both ACM diagnosis criteria and ACM genetic mutation at the end of follow-up. Results Twenty-one patients with RAM were included and follow-up was completed in 19/21 patients (90%). At the end of follow-up, 3.3 ± 2.9 years after the last AM episode, 14/21 (67%) patients with an ACM phenotype (biventricular: 10/14, 71%; left ventricular: 4/14, 29%) underwent genetic testing. A pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation was found in 8/14 patients (57%), 5/8 in the Desmoplakin gene, 2/8 in the Plakophillin-2 gene, and 1/8 in the Titin gene. Family history of cardiomyopathy or early sudden cardiac death had a positive predictive value of 88% for the presence of an underlying genetic mutation in patients with RAM. Conclusion RAM is a rare entity associated with the latter diagnosis of an ACM genetic mutation in more than a third of the cases. In those patients, RAM episodes represent early inflammatory phases of the disease. Including RAM episodes in ACM diagnosis criteria might allow early diagnosis and potential therapeutic interventions.
Bariatric surgery and health outcomes: An umbrella analysis

Background There is a relative lack of data that systematically investigates the breadth and validity of the association between bariatric surgery and health-related outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the quantity, validity, and credibility of evidence regarding the association between bariatric surgery and health-related outcomes using an umbrella review of meta-analyses. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science databases from inception until December 2, 2021, to identify meta-analyses of observational or interventional studies that investigated the association between bariatric surgery and multiple health outcomes. We extracted the summary effect size and 95% confidence interval (CI) data. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR-2) and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) guidelines were used for methodological and evidence quality assessments, respectively. Results Twenty-eight studies with 82 different health-related outcomes were included in this umbrella review. Beneficial effects of bariatric surgery have been observed in cancer incidence, mortality, cardiovascular risk, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, large for gestational age (LGA), macrosomia, post-term birth, risk of kidney stones, albuminuria, urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, Barrett’s esophagus, and diabetic retinopathy. However, adverse effects of bariatric surgery were observed for maternal anemia, perinatal mortality, congenital anomalies, preterm birth, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, intrauterine growth restriction, small for gestational age (SGA), fracture risk, upper limb fracture, suicide, self-harm, and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Conclusions Current evidence suggests that bariatric surgery improves the majority of health-related outcomes; however, caution is advised given it may increase the risk of adverse mental effects, perinatal problems, and fractures.
Caudal epidural catheterization for pain management in 48 hospitalized horses: A descriptive study of demographics, complications, and outcomes

The placement of caudal epidural catheters in horses has become more frequent as a multi-modal analgesic strategy. Despite its integration into clinical practice, there are limited reports describing the use of caudal epidural catheterization for prolonged use in horses. The purpose of this study was to characterize the hospitalized caseload undergoing epidural catheterization for long-term epidural analgesic administration, to report the response to epidural therapy and observed complications, and to describe patient outcomes. Medical records of hospitalized equine patients that underwent placement of a caudal epidural catheter for analgesic management between 2017 and 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. For the 62 catheters placed in the 48 cases, the most frequent diagnosis category prompting epidural analgesia was orthopedic (43/48, 89.6%). Synovial sepsis was the most frequent specific diagnosis prompting epidural catheter placement (11/48, 22.9%). The initial response to epidural therapy was characterized as positive for 37/62 (59.7%) catheters. Complications were documented for 46/62 (74.2%) catheters. However, most of these complications were classified as mild (51.6%) or moderate (14.5%), and exaggerated physiologic responses were observed most frequently. Of the horses studied, 52.1% survived to be discharged from the hospital. With awareness of potential complications and vigilant monitoring, caudal epidural catheters should be considered for equine patients as an analgesic strategy.
Trends in research related to menopausal hormone therapy from 2000 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis

We conducted the present bibliometric analysis to explore menopausal hormone therapy (MHT)-related research trends between 2000 and 2021. The Web of Science database was systematically searched from 2000 to 2021 to retrieve MHT-related publications. Visualization mapping and keyword cluster graphs were utilized to illustrate the research topics and hotpots. We included 11,616 MHT-related publications for this bibliometric analysis. The results showed that (1) MHT-related research had a very slow increase in the past 22 years, and the trend fluctuated. Sum of times cited and average citations per item had the same trend: a sharp decline from 2002 to 2003, and a rapid increase from 2003 to 2006, reaching the peak in 2006, then following a downward trend. The average H-index was 57, peaking in 2001; (2) the USA, the League of European Research Universities, and Dr. JoAann Manson from Harvard University contributed the most; (3) Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society had the most significant number of MHT-related publications; (4) the research hotpots primarily focused on MHT for treating menopausal symptoms and the impact of MHT on women’s health. According to previous studies, MHT was the most effective treatment for managing vasomotor symptoms of menopause, but results from the clinical trials and observational studies regarding MHT adverse events remain inconsistent. Mechanisms are fundamental when clinical studies give conflicting results. Therefore, future studies should focus on adverse events and their mechanisms.
A study on the influence of dose rate on total ionizing dose effect of anti-fuse field programmable gate array—The irradiation damage is attenuated at low dose rate

The TID (total ionizing dose) in-situ experiments of LC1020B, an anti-fuse FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) device, were designed and carried out under different dose rates, and the influence of dose rate on the TID effect of FPGA was studied. The experimental results show that: 1) the TID irradiation failure of the FPGA under different dose rates has nothing to do with the input voltage parameter exceeding the standard. 2) with the decrease of cobalt source irradiation dose rate [171, 26.83, and 2.68 mGy(Si)/s], the TID effect failure dose threshold [168, 229, and 334 Gy(Si), respectively] of the FPGA gradually increased, showing obvious attenuation of low dose rate damage. Theoretical analysis suggests that, compared with the space charge limitation effect, the oxide charge annealing effect plays a dominant role, and longer irradiation time is beneficial to the oxide charge annealing. And based on the experimental data, an FPGA TID analytical model with power consumption current as the damage characterization parameter is established, which lays a foundation for scientific evaluation of radiation effect of anti-fuse FPGAs.
Increased pain unpleasantness and pain-related fMRI activation in the periaqueductal gray in Alzheimer's disease

Background Pain continues to be underrecognized and undertreated in people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is essential to pain processing and modulation yet is damaged by AD. While evidence exists of altered neural processing of pain in AD, there has not been a focused investigation of the PAG during pain in people with AD. Purpose To investigate the role of the PAG in sensory and affective pain processing for people living with AD. Methods Participants from a larger study completed pain psychophysics assessments and then a perceptually-matched heat pain task (warmth, mild, and moderate pain) during a functional MRI scan. In this cross-sectional study, we examined blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses in the PAG and other pain-related regions in participants with AD (n = 18) and cognitively intact older adults (age- and sex-matched, n = 18). Associations of BOLD percent signal change and psychophysics were also examined. Results There were significant main effects of AD status on the temperature needed to reach each perception of warmth or pain, where people with AD reached higher temperatures. Furthermore, participants with AD rated mild and moderate pain as more unpleasant than controls. PAG BOLD activation was greater in AD relative to controls during warmth and mild pain percepts. No significant differences were found for moderate pain or in other regions of interest. Greater PAG activation during mild pain was associated with higher affective/unpleasantness ratings of mild pain in participants with AD but not in controls. Conclusion Results suggest a role for the PAG in altered pain responses in people with AD. The PAG is the primary source of endogenous opioid pain inhibition in the neuroaxis, thus, altered PAG function in AD suggests possible changes in descending pain inhibitory circuits. People with AD may have a greater risk of suffering from pain compared to cognitively intact older adults.
The core of the matter: How do scientists judge trustworthiness of physical samples?

In recent years, research funding agencies, universities, and governments have become increasingly concerned with promoting the reuse of research datasets. Enabling researchers to evaluate the trustworthiness and fitness-for-use of research datasets produced by others is critical for facilitating the reuse of these datasets. Understanding how researchers make these evaluations is crucial for developing digital infrastructure and tools, such as data repositories and metadata schema, in a way that better supports researchers in making these evaluations. Physical samples such as rocks are critical for generating datasets in many scientific domains. Often, samples are collected on field expeditions conducted by large infrastructural projects. These projects comprise many human and non-human components that affect the quality and integrity of samples. However, little is known about whether and how prospective dataset users evaluate the samples' trustworthiness and sample collection processes underlying these datasets. Researchers‘strategies for evaluating sample trustworthiness are explored through a longitudinal qualitative case study (ethnographic observation, interviews (n = 66), and document analysis) of subseafloor biosphere research, an earth sciences domain. Domain researchers use rock samples collected on research cruises conducted by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). Subseafloor biosphere researchers are primarily concerned about samples being compromised by microbiological contamination. Researchers vary regarding the components of IODP infrastructure they consider when evaluating sample trustworthiness. These components include methods to process samples, people handling samples, IODP policies and procedures, and IODP organizational politics. Researchers‘strategies vary according to their disciplinary background, with microbiologists employing more fine-grained judgments about methods; whether researchers have participated in IODP expeditions, with those who have employing more fine-grained judgments about people involved; and whether researchers have ever been involved in organizing cruises or serving on IODP committees, with those who have employing more fine-grained judgments about many aspects of cruises. Researchers who make less complex decisions may be prone to erroneously trusting contaminated samples; researchers who make more complex decisions may be prone to erroneously discarding uncontaminated samples. The paper concludes by considering implications for the design of digital infrastructures to support researchers in evaluating sample trustworthiness.
Oligoclonal M bands and cervical spinal cord lesions predict early secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

Objective To determine baseline cerebrospinal fluid and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables at the onset of a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) that predict evolution to secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Methods 276 CIS patients with a minimum follow-up of 10 years were studied. Baseline presence of oligoclonal IgG and IgM bands (OCGB and OCMB respectively); number of brain T2 lesions (B-T2L), brain gadolinium enhancement lesions (brain-GEL), cervical spinal cord T2 lesions (cSC-T2L); and fulfillment of 2017 McDonald criteria among other variables were collected. Results 14 patients ended up with a non-MS condition. 138/276 CIS patients fulfilled 2017 McDonald criteria. Mean age was 32.4 years, 185 female. 227 received treatment, 95 as CIS. After a mean follow-up of 12 years, 36 patients developed SPMS. Conversion to SPMS was associated with OCGB (p = 0.02), OCMB (p = 0.0001); ≥ 9 B-T2L (p = 0.03), brain-GEL (p = 0.03), and cSC-T2L (p = 0.03). However, after adjusting for sex, age, BT2L, brain-GEL, SC-T2, and OCMB status, only OCMB (HR 4.4, 1.9–10.6) and cSC-T2L (HR 2.2, 1.0–6.2) suggested an independent association with risk of conversion to SPMS. Patients with both risk factors had a HR of 6.12 (2.8–12.9). Discussion OCMB and SC-T2 lesions are potential independent predictors of conversion to SPMS.
Urban parks are a refuge for birds in park-poor areas

Urban parks provide amenities that support both human and animal communities. However, parks are often unevenly distributed within cities. One metric used to assess the distribution of parks to the public is termed the Park Score. The Park Score is an approach to measure access, acreage, investment, and amenities, and is designed to understand a city’s needs for greenspace, with a major focus on public health. In addition to issues related to public health, a disparity in the distribution of urban parks may pose a barrier for wildlife, such as birds. Yet, this remains unclear. We designed a study to quantify the role of parks in providing a refuge for birds across a park-needs gradient in Greater Los Angeles (LA), a metropolis with one of the lowest park scores in the United States. We had two objectives to address our goal. First, we quantified patterns in habitat features and avian communities within and adjacent to parks. Second, we analyzed relationships among habitat features within and adjacent to parks on avian abundance. We sampled birds and habitat features at 48 parks across a park-needs gradient in L.A. from October to March of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. We found three lines of evidence supporting the refugia effect of parks. First, habitat features within parks were similar between low- and high-needs areas of LA, and this likely influenced avian abundance patterns, which were also alike. Second, avian communities were generally similar across the park-needs gradient, where parks in high-needs areas harbored birds affiliated with forest and shrub ecosystems. Third, bird abundance patterns were related to numerous habitat features within parks, regardless of where parks occurred in the city. The patterns we uncovered were opposite to what is found in residential areas (i.e., luxury effect), suggesting that parks provide important habitat for birds, whether in high- or low-needs sections of LA. Our results stress the role of parks as refugia in park-poor areas because they provide habitat in otherwise inhospitable urban conditions. Continued investment in park development in high-needs areas can thus potentially be a win-win when considering the benefits to people and birds.
Longitudinal effects of exercise according to the World Health Organization guidelines on cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults

Purpose To investigate the longitudinal effects of adequate exercise, defined as an exercise duration of ≥150 min/week by the World Health Organization (WHO), on cognitive function in middle-aged adults. Methods This study was a longitudinal panel analysis using secondary data obtained from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) database, with 4,825 participants registered and comprising five rounds of survey data in 2-year intervals from 2010 to 2018. The participants were divided into the adequate exercise (≥150 min/week), deficient exercise (<150 min/week), and no exercise groups according to the WHO definition, and their cognitive decline over the 8-year period was analyzed. Further, we investigated the longitudinal effects of exercise using a fixed effects model with cognitive function as the dependent variable. Results In the dementia group, both deficient (<150 min/week) and adequate (≥150 min/week) exercises had statistically significantly positive effects on cognitive function. However, the coefficient size was not significantly larger in the adequate exercise group than in the deficient exercise group. In the participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), an adequate exercise level had significantly positive effects on cognitive function, while a deficient exercise level did not. In the participants with normal cognition, an adequate exercise level was not significantly associated with changes in cognitive function. Conclusion Continuous exercise can have a positive influence on cognitive function scores in middle-aged and older adults with MCI or dementia, but the findings cannot substantiate that adequate exercise (≥150 min/week) is more effective compared to deficient exercise (<150 min/week).