Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Addressing the unmet needs of patients with persistent negative symptoms of schizophrenia: emerging pharmacological treatment options

: The negative symptoms of schizophrenia represent an impairment of normal emotional responses, thought processes and behaviors, and include blunting or flattening of affect, alogia/aprosody, avolition/apathy, anhedonia, and asociality. Negative symptoms contribute to a reduced quality of life, increased functional disability, increased burden of illness, and poorer long-term outcomes, to a greater degree than positive symptoms. Primary negative symptoms are prominent and persistent in up to 26% of patients with schizophrenia, and they are estimated to occur in up to 58% of outpatients at any given time. Negative symptoms respond less well to medications than positive symptoms, and to date treatment options for negative symptoms have been limited, with no accepted standard treatment. Modest benefits have been reported with a variety of different agents, including second-generation antipsychotics and add-on therapy with antidepressants and other pharmacological classes. Recent clinical research focusing on negative symptoms target novel biological systems, such as glutamatergic neurotransmission. Different approaches include: enhancing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function with agents that bind directly to the glycine ligand site or with glycine reuptake inhibitors; influencing the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR2/3) with positive allosteric modulators; and stimulating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In conclusion, the lack of clearly efficacious pharmacological treatments for the management of negative symptoms represents a significant unmet need, especially considering the importance of these symptoms on patient outcomes. Hence, further research to identify and characterize novel pharmacological treatments for negative symptoms is greatly needed.
Surface Rotations on and Around a Semi-Parabolic Canyon in an Elastic Half-Space Induced by Out-of-Plane SH-Waves, I: Torsion

The surface displacement amplitudes excited by out-of-plane SH waves on and around a semi-parabolic canyon had solution that was introduced over twenty years ago. In 2015, such solution was updated to much (5 times) higher frequencies, using a transformation involving the Wronskian. The same excitations also introduce rotations on and around the parabolic canyon. This article is the first of two that discuss the torsional component of rotations, with the rocking components discussed in the subsequent article. The rotational amplitudes of motions, as much as the displacement amplitudes, play an important role in studying the surface responses of structures, and can lead to a better understanding of the behavior of surface topographies in the event of seismic excitation.
Local and Nonlocal Thermal Field Theory

Firstly, nonlocal field theories will be motivated, primarily in the gravity sector. We discuss how nonlocal theories of gravity can circumvent typical problems of finitely-many higher derivative theories and can, among other things, be either ghostfree and (potentially) renormalizable and yield a non-singular Newtonian potential. Afterwards we motivate finite temperature field theory, also known as thermal field theory, and study the thermodynamic behavior of both a local and a nonlocal scalar field theory. We compute (primarily leading-order) thermal corrections to the partition function for in low- and high- temperature expansions and calculate the thermal mass which is acquired through continuous interactions with the heat bath. We prove that the nonlocality does not contribute to the partition function of the free nonlocal theory. The presence of the nonlocality can only be noticed through interactions and we conclude that the partition function of the local and the nonlocal scalar theory are fundamentally different when interactions are included. We explain from both a mathematical and physical point of view why the nonlocality can only be noticed at the level of interactions and conclude that this cannot be generalized to arbitrary nonlocal modifications -- only those which do not introduce new poles in the propagator. We study whether our results can be reconciled with the stringy thermal duality and the conjectured Hagedorn phase and conclude that the former is violated, while Hagedorn behavior emerges in the high temperature expansion of the nonlocal scalar theory. We will interpret all these results.
Image quality assessment based on complementary local feature extraction and quantification

A novel full reference image quality assessment method based on statistical local representation from two complementary sources: log-Gabor wavelet representation and local derivative pattern is presented. The dissimilarity of these extracted features between distorted and reference images is quantified and mapped into an objective quality score. Experimental results on large-scale database show that the proposed method not only outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of high accuracy of image quality prediction, but also is robust across different distortion types with high computation efficient.
Teachers’ views on differentiation in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL): Perceptions, practices and challenges

The present study investigates differentiation in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in Finland. Specifically, this combination of a qualitative case study and quantitative survey examines (1) primary teachers’ perceptions of differentiation, (2) the differentiation methods specific to CLIL education the teachers use and (3) the challenges of differentiation they identify. The qualitative phase was conducted in a school which offers CLIL education also to pupils with special needs following the principles of inclusive education. The results revealed that the teachers (n = 51) perceived differentiation in somewhat different ways. In general, the teachers differ ntiated their CLIL education in a fairly versatile manner with various teaching arrangements and methods and focussed on the differentiation of the language. In addition, the teachers’ perceptions of differentiation correlated with the differentiation practices they used. The greatest challenges of differentiation involved time, material and physical classroom environment. The study indicates that teachers should be more conscious of the nature of differentiation for it to be more purposeful and systematic. Schools should critically re-examine their structures and for instance co-teaching, class-size reduction or remedial teaching could be used more effectively. or Peer Rview Teachers’ views on differentiation in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL): Perceptions, practices and challenges The present study investigates differentiation in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in Finland. Specifically, this combination of a qualitative case study and quantitative survey examines (1) primary teachers’ perceptions of differentiation, (2) the differentiation methods specific to CLIL education the teachers use and (3) the challenges of differentiation they identify. The qualitative phase was conducted in a school which offers CLIL education also to pupils with special needs following the principles of inclusive education. The results revealed that the teachers (n = 51) perceived differentiation in somewhat different ways. In general, the teachers differentiated their CLIL education in a fairly versatile manner with various teaching arrangements and methods and focussed on the differentiation of the language. In addition, the teachers’ perceptions of differentiation correlated with the differentiation practices they used. The greatest challenges of differentiation involved time, material and physical classroom environment. The study indicates that teachers should be more conscious of the nature of differentiation for it to be more purposeful and systematic. Schools should critically reexamine their structures and for instance co-teaching, class-size reduction or remedial teaching could be used more effectively.
For Peer Review Teachers ’ views on differentiation in Content and Language Integrated Learning ( CLIL ) : Perceptions , practices and challenges

The present study investigates differentiation in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in Finland. Specifically, this combination of a qualitative case study and quantitative survey examines (1) primary teachers’ perceptions of differentiation, (2) the differentiation methods specific to CLIL education the teachers use and (3) the challenges of differentiation they identify. The qualitative phase was conducted in a school which offers CLIL education also to pupils with special needs following the principles of inclusive education. The results revealed that the teachers (n = 51) perceived differentiation in somewhat different ways. In general, the teachers differ ntiated their CLIL education in a fairly versatile manner with various teaching arrangements and methods and focussed on the differentiation of the language. In addition, the teachers’ perceptions of differentiation correlated with the differentiation practices they used. The greatest challenges of differentiation involved time, material and physical classroom environment. The study indicates that teachers should be more conscious of the nature of differentiation for it to be more purposeful and systematic. Schools should critically re-examine their structures and for instance co-teaching, class-size reduction or remedial teaching could be used more effectively. or Peer Rview Teachers’ views on differentiation in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL): Perceptions, practices and challenges The present study investigates differentiation in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in Finland. Specifically, this combination of a qualitative case study and quantitative survey examines (1) primary teachers’ perceptions of differentiation, (2) the differentiation methods specific to CLIL education the teachers use and (3) the challenges of differentiation they identify. The qualitative phase was conducted in a school which offers CLIL education also to pupils with special needs following the principles of inclusive education. The results revealed that the teachers (n = 51) perceived differentiation in somewhat different ways. In general, the teachers differentiated their CLIL education in a fairly versatile manner with various teaching arrangements and methods and focussed on the differentiation of the language. In addition, the teachers’ perceptions of differentiation correlated with the differentiation practices they used. The greatest challenges of differentiation involved time, material and physical classroom environment. The study indicates that teachers should be more conscious of the nature of differentiation for it to be more purposeful and systematic. Schools should critically reexamine their structures and for instance co-teaching, class-size reduction or remedial teaching could be used more effectively.
Surface reduction of freely floating smectic bubbles

ABSTRACT Elongated freely floating smectic bubbles are observed during their relaxation to equilibrium sphere shape. Unlike soap bubbles that perform weakly damped oscillations into equilibrium, this relaxation is overdamped in smectics by internal structure reorganisation processes. The bubble area reduction of centimetre-sized freely floating bubbles with few nanometres film thickness is recorded with high-speed optical imaging in microgravity and analysed quantitatively. We find a nearly linear reduction of the film area with time, driven by capillary forces and inhibited by smectic layer reorganisations. Characteristic times are in the milliseconds range, with little correlation to the film thickness and bubble size. Instead, the homogeneity of the films and the number and sizes of islands of excess layers that spontaneously form on the films appear to have crucial influence on the dynamics. The efficiency of this process sets the time scale of the film area shrinkage. We discuss the limitations of a minimalistic model that captures smectic layer reorganisation processes. Graphical Abstract
ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE

The present experiment evaluated the inclusion of chelated phytogenic feed additives mixture in the diet of lactating cows for the first 3 months of lactation. A week before calving, thirty multiparous Friesian cows were divided into three treatments in a complete randomized design and fed a basal diet without supplementation (Control treatment), or the control diet supplemented with chelated phytogenic additives at 3 g (PHY3 treatment), or at 6 g/cow/d (PHY6 treatment). Menthol, levomenthol, β-linaloolm, anethole, hexadecanoic acid and pmenthane were the principal compounds identified in the additives mixture. Milk production, total solid, protein, fat, and lactose were increased with PHY3, but decreased by PHY6 (P<0.01). Whereas the PHY3 treatment increased (P<0.05) milk contents of Ca and Zn, PHY3 and PHY6 treatments increased (P<0.05) milk Fe and Mn concentrations. Though the PHY3 treatment increased (P<0.05) nutrient digestibility, the PHY6 treatment decreased (P<0.05) the digestibility of organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber. The PHY3 treatment increased (P<0.05) ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration and proportional acetate and propionate and decreased butyrate, while the PHY6 treatment decreased ruminal VFA concentration and proportional acetate. The PHY3 treatment increased (P<0.05) serum total protein, glucose, total antioxidant capacity, and the concentrations of Ca and Zn. Both PHY3 and PHY6 treatment decreased (P<0.05) the concentrations of serum triglycerides, and cholesterol. Daily inclusion of 3 g/cow of chelated feed additives mixture in diet of lactating cows improved milk production and ruminal fermentation, but additives dose of 6 g/cow/d had negative impact on cows’ performance.
ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE

Interspecific hybrids called hybrids are individuals obtained by crossing two different species. Hybrids are found both in nature among wild animals but also have become attractive in animal husbandry due to the high production features of the F1 generation. Interspecific hybrids are observed in nature most often as a result of crossing closely related species, which is a great danger to the purity of the population of starting species. Interspecies hybrids are also created by man for production purposes. Due to disturbances in gametogenesis processes, they have become a valuable research model. In the article, we describe interspecific hybrids occurring in nature and related problems, interspecific hybrids created for production purposes in animal husbandry, but also research using hybrids as a research model. In the article we also highlight the issues of fertility of individuals obtained from such matings.
ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE

The FASN enzyme plays a key role in fatty acids synthesis as the main long-chain fatty acid synthesizer. A non-synonymous SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) (g.17925A>G) located in the thioesterase domain of this enzyme and an effect in fat deposition has been observed, but has not been evaluated in this breed and, moreover, the reason whereby this occurs remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of this SNP on the activity of FASN enzyme in subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissue from Holstein Friesian steers. To achieve this, 196 animals were sampled in a local abattoir, genotyped for the FASN g.17924A>G SNP and characterized for fatty acid profile. Then a sub sample of 20 animals per genotype were selected to extract the total protein from subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissue to estimate the FASN enzyme activity. The FASN activity for each genotyped animal was assessed indirectly by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of NADPH at 340 nm by spectrophotometry in a 24 well plate in the presence of Acetyl-CoA, Malonyl-CoA, and NADPH. To assess the impact of SNP induced amino acid changes in FASN protein structure, in-silico simulations were performed. Our results indicated that FASN g.17924A>G SNP induces a change in the enzyme activity in subcutaneous adipose tissue, which is higher when the AA genotype is present and lower in the presence of the AG genotype. The in-silico analysis of the amino acid substitution shows that there was a structural change in the dimeric form of the protein between genotypes. Moreover, the global energy between subunits is lower and more favorable when the AA genotype is present and higher and less favorable for the AG genotype. It was also found that the fatty acid profile of subcutaneous adipose tissue was affected when the AG genotype was present, decreasing the C16:0 fatty acid levels and increasing the C18:0 fatty acid levels. The FASN g.17924A>G SNP alters the FASN enzyme structure and activity, leading to a variation in the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue in Holstein Friesian steers. Implications: This SNP could be considered as a tool to improve the fat deposition or marbling and the fatty acid profile in cattle.
ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE

Do the differences in egg contamination, penetration, and resistance against microorganisms among the hen genotypes exist? DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0056 Adam Kraus, Lukáš Zita, Ondřej Krunt, Darina Chodová, Monika Okrouhlá, Józefa Krawczyk Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague – Suchdol, Czech Republic Department of Poultry Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, 32-083 Balice n. Kraków, Poland
Aggregation among Binary, Count, and Duration Models: Estimating the Same Quantities from Diierent Levels of Data

Binary, count, and duration data all code for discrete events occurring at points in time. Although a single data generation process can produce any of these three data types, the statistical literature is not very helpful in providing methods to estimate parameters of the same process from each. In fact, only a single theoretical process exists for which known statistical methods can estimate the same parameters | and it is generally limited to count and duration data. The result is that seemingly trivial decisions about which level of data to use can have important consequences for substantive interpretations. We describe the theoretical event process for which results exist, based on time-independence. We also derive a new set of models for a time-dependent process and compare their predictions to those of a commonly used model. Any hope of avoiding the more serious problems of aggregation bias in events data is contingent on rst deriving a much wider arsenal of statistical models and theoretical processes that are not constrained by the particular forms of data that happen to be available.
Cosmic Atoms: from Causal Sets to Clusters

This thesis is a collection of works which seek to address certain aspects of the following puzzles: quantum gravity, initial conditions of the universe, the cosmological constant problem, and baryonic processes in clusters of galaxies. The causal set theory approach to quantum gravity postulates that the fundamental structure of spacetime is a partially ordered and locally finite set. Within this framework, we formulate a statistical correspondence for judging when a causal set is well approximated by a Lorentzian manifold. To that end, we prove a theorem which shows that the numbervolume correspondence, if required to hold even for arbitrarily small regions, is best realized via Poisson sprinkling. Surprisingly, we also show that 1+1 dimensional Lorentzian lattices provide a much better N–V correspondence than Poisson sprinkling for macroscopically large volumes. We then study phenomenological implications of wave propagation on causal sets. We introduce a family of generalized d’Alembertian operators ρ in D-dimensional Minkowski spacetime which are manifestly Lorentz-invariant, retarded, and non-local, the extent of the nonlocality being governed by a single parameter ρ. These operators arise as averages of matrix operators meant to describe the propagation of a scalar field in a causal set. We compute their action on plane waves and show that their spectrum g(p) (p being the momentum-vector) contains also an imaginary part for timelike p, whose sign depends on whether p is past or future-directed. For small p, g(p) is necessarily proportional to p · p, but for large p it becomes constant, raising the possibility of a genuinely Lorentzian perturbative regulator for quantum field theory. We also address the question of whether or not the evolution defined by ρ is stable, finding evidence that the original 4D causal set d’Alembertian is unstable, while its 2D counterpart is stable. Motivated by the construction of a quantum field theory on a background causal set, we proceed to define a distinguished “ground state” or “vacuum” for a free scalar quantum field in a globally hyperbolic region of an arbitrarily curved spacetime. This state, which we call the Sorkin-Johnston (SJ) state, is defined for all compact regions and for many noncompact ones. In a static spacetime we find that the SJ vacuum coincides with the usual ground state. We then determine it for a massive free scalar field in D = d+1 dimensional de Sitter space. In cases where it is well-defined, the SJ vacuum always corresponds to one of the de Sitter-invariant α-vacua, with the value of α depending on (i) whether the mass of the field is in the complementary or principal series, (iii) whether it is evaluated on the complete de Sitter manifold or its Poincaré half-space, and (iii) whether the spacetime dimension is even or odd. We determine the SJ state also for a radiation-filled, spatially homogeneous
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pemanfaatan Lahan TamanHutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman

Pemanfaatan lahan hutan merupakan cara yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat di sekitar hutan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan lahan di Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman. Pemanfaatan lahan pada penelitian diasumsikan sebagai jumlah jenis tanaman yang ditanam di lahan hutan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda untuk menguji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi jumlah jenis tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah jenis tanaman masyarakat dipengaruhi oleh lama menggarap dan luas lahan. Semakin lama menggarap dan semakin luas lahan garapan masyarakat, maka semakin banyak jumlah jenis tanaman yang bernilai ekonomis ditanam di lahan garapan. Kata kunci: jumlah jenis tanaman, pemanfaatan lahan, luas lahan, lama menggarap.
Matching Firms, Managers and Incentives

We exploit a unique combination of administrative sources and survey data to study the match between firms and managers. The data includes manager characteristics, such as risk aversion and talent; firm characteristics, such as ownership; detailed measures of managerial practices relative to incentives, dismissals and promotions; and measurable outcomes, for the firm and for the manager. A parsimonious model of matching and incentive provision generates an array of implications that can be tested with our data. Our contribution is twofold. We disentangle the role of risk-aversion and talent in determining how firms select and motivate managers. In particular, risk-averse managers are matched with firms that offer low-powered contracts. We also show that empirical findings linking governance, incentives, and performance that are typically observed in isolation, can instead be interpreted within a simple unified matching framework.