Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Environmental Knowledge and Sport Event Organizers' Support for Sustainable Management in Sport

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between environmental knowledge and sport event organizers' support for sustainable management in sport. The present study is a descriptive-survey and field study. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire with 40 questions was used. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a survey of professors related to the research topic. The construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis of more than 0.3 and its reliability was confirmed byCronbach's alpha of 0.83. The statistical population of the study consisted of managers and organizers of sport events in ten provinces of the country with approximately 1000 peope. The sample size was 278 according to Morgan table, Due to the size, number and difficulty of access, the available sampling method was used to collect the samples and finally 254 questionnaires were returned. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-19 software. The results showed that the level of environmental awareness in the sample was in the range of 0 to 8 and the mean of the total sample was 3.55 with a standard deviation of 1.61. These results indicate a low level of awareness of environmental issues in the sample under study. In the present study, it seems that there is little awareness of environmental issues that may be effective in shaping people's attitudes toward the intention to support environmental issues in sporting events. Since human attitudes are driven by consciousness, it is therefore necessary to change attitudes by providing a context for raising awareness and enabling appropriate behavior. Therefore, determining the level of knowledge and attitude of individuals is the first step in determining and delivering educational programs.
A study to assess the awareness and practice regarding utilization of sanitary toilet in the rural villages of Kalaburagi district

There are about 8 lakh people in poor and developing countries die every year due to inadequate water, sanitation and hand hygiene, roughly constituting twothird of total diarrheal deaths and poor sanitation is believed to be the main cause in 38 percent of these deaths. India alone accounts for approximately 60 percent of global population defecating in the open, with the majority residing in rural India.
Early Neonatal Outcome in Caesarean Section: A Developing Country Perspective

Objectives: To find out the early neonatal outcome (morbidity and early neonatal mortality) of the babies born by caesarean section (CS) and to compare the outcomes between elective and emergency CS. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Maternal and neonatal characteristics were noted. Results: A total of 750 neonates were enrolled and 37% were born by elective CS. Out of 750 children 55% were male newborns and 45% were females. The NICU (neonatal intensive care unit) admission requirement was 24%, whereas 3.33% of neonates died within 7 days of life. Neonatal morbidity was higher in emergency CS, similar to respiratory depression at birth (OR: 6.00, 95% CI 3.06-11.78, P < 0.001), respiratory distress (OR: 4.6, 95% CI 2.74 -7.82, P < 0.001) and requirement of resuscitation (OR: 5.54, 95% CI 2.98 -10.32, P < 0.001). Factors such as emergency CS [adj OR: 13.35(1.69 -105.38), P = 0.014], prematurity [adj OR: 10.08 (3.33 -30.47), P < 0.001] and Apgar score < 7 at 10 minutes [adj OR: 79.56 (16.63 - 381.50), P < 0.001] were independently associated with NICU admissions and neonatal mortality. Conclusions: Newborns delivered through emergency CS had a higher morbidity and mortality rate compared to elective CS. Adequate antenatal care and early referral may convert this emergency CS to normal or elective CS and can reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Efforts to reduce ammonia gas in broiler chicken litter with the use of probiotics

Ammonia is gas that can reduce livestock performance. The decrease in ammonia litter gas can be done by increasing the nutrient digestibility and inhibiting the uricase enzyme activity in the excreta. One way that can be done is by using probiotic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of probiotics as an effort to reduce levels of ammonia gas in broiler chicken litter with its application through drinking water and spraying on the litter. The animals were distributed into 4 treatments and 5 replications each of which consisted of 20 broiler chickens (10 male and 10 female). The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD). Data were analyzed by using Analisis of Variance (ANOVA). The treatment used in this study was T0 = basal diet, T1 = T0 + Probiotic in drinking water, T2 = T0 + Probiotics Spray on litter, T3 = T0 + T1 + T2. Data showed that application of probiotic spray on litter and the combination can reduce significantly (P<0.01) the concentration of ammonia litter broiler cage. There was no effect on the pH and moisture of broiler cage litter.
A computational model explains and predicts substantia nigra pars reticulata responses to pallidal and striatal inputs

As a rodent basal ganglia (BG) output nucleus, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) is well positioned to impact behavior. SNr neurons receive GABAergic inputs from the striatum (direct pathway) and globus pallidus (GPe, indirect pathway). Dominant theories of action selection rely on these pathways’ inhibitory actions. Yet, experimental results on SNr responses to these inputs are limited and include excitatory effects. Our study combines experimental and computational work to characterize, explain, and make predictions about these pathways. We observe diverse SNr responses to stimulation of SNr-projecting striatal and GPe neurons, including biphasic and excitatory effects, which our modeling shows can be explained by intracellular chloride processing. Our work predicts that ongoing GPe activity could tune the SNr operating mode, including its responses in decision-making scenarios, and GPe output may modulate synchrony and low-frequency oscillations of SNr neurons, which we confirm using optogenetic stimulation of GPe terminals within the SNr.
The Pricing of Volatility and Jump Risks in the Cross-Section of Index Option Returns

Abstract Existing studies relate the puzzling low average returns on out-of-the-money (OTM) index call and put options to nonstandard preferences. We argue the low option returns are primarily due to the pricing of market volatility risk. When volatility risk is priced, expected option returns match the realized average option returns. Moreover, consistent with its theoretical effect on expected option returns, the volatility risk premium is positively related to future index option returns and this relationship is stronger for OTM options and at-the-money straddles. Finally, we find the jump risk premium contributes to some portion of OTM put option returns.
Blood rheology and thrombotic mediators in peripheral arterial disease and revascularisation surgery

Rheological parameters and levels of plasma fibrinogen, cross-linked fibrin degradation products (FDP's), von Willebrand Factor antigen (vWF), factor VII, and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (P.A.I.), were found to be altered in 219 patients with occlusive arterial disease undergoing revascularisation procedures, when compared with an age-matched random population sample. Elevated levels of some of these potential thrombotic mediators were associated with the angiographic severity of arterial disease on univariate analysis, while multivariate analysis indicated that log(FDP) was independently related to disease severity, while other thrombotic mediators showed a non-significant trend towards independent association. Surgical relief of critical limb ischaemia in 82 of these patients returned the alterations in blood rheology to control levels, but plasma fibrinogen, vWF, P.A.I., and FDP levels remained significantly higher than in the population controls. Percutaneous angioplasty in 40 cases was associated with transient alterations in vWF and Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t.P.A.) levels in arterial blood that may be a consequence of endothelial injury, and with a significant elevation in cross-linked FDP levels 3 months after successful angioplasty. This alteration in fibrin turnover may be related to restenosis following angioplasty. Elevated pre-operative plasma fibrinogen, vWF, and FDP's, were associated with graft occlusion and patient death on univariate analysis of 186 consecutive infra-inguinal bypass grafts. Multivariate analysis indicated that pre¬ operative plasma von Willebrand Factor levels (p < 0.001), systolic ankle pressure (p < 0.01), female sex (p = 0.03), and limb sepsis (p = 0.01), were all independently predictive of graft occlusion and patient death within 1 year following surgery. The studies undertaken in this thesis indicate that altered levels of potential thrombotic mediators found in peripheral arterial disease are not reversed by limb revascularisation, and that more marked alterations are associated with a poor outcome following surgery. The results suggest that alterations in levels of potential thrombotic mediators are not a consequence of tissue ischaemia, and may be directly involved in the pathogenesis of arterial occlusion. Pre-operative determination of these mediators may assist in patient selection for infra-inguinal revascularisation surgery, while adjunctive therapy aimed at correcting these abnormalities may improve the results of such surgery.
The Effect of Computer Self-Efficacy and Attitude on Undergraduate Students’ Intention to Use Emerging Technology in Classroom Learning

Although digital technology is playing an increasingly significant role in education and students are using digital technology in their everyday lives, the use of digital technology in their academic learning is still very limited. The literature indicates that the individual factors, such as computer self-efficacy and attitude, are significant predictors of whether or not individuals intend to use technology. In this context, a research conducted to investigate the effect of undergraduate students’ computer self-efficacy and attitude toward digital technology on their intention to use digital technology in their academic learning. The objective of this research was to examine the effect of individual factors on undergraduate students’ intentions to use innovative digital technology in their academic learning. A survey was conducted on undergraduate students in spring, summer, and fall semesters at a regional campus of a large public university. The research findings support the literature that computer self-efficacy and attitude have significant effects on undergraduate students’ intention to use digital technology in their academic learning. Therefore, both factors should be considered important in the process of implementation of digital technology in undergraduate learning environment. The results from this study will provide educators and administrators in higher educational institutions a better understanding about the undergraduate students’ adoption of digital technology in their learning process.
Trends of Tuberculosis and Treatment Outcomes at Mizan Aman General Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia: A Four Year Retrospective Study

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious global public health problem and is the second most common cause of death from infectious disease. The aim of this study was to assess trends of TB and treatment outcomes in the past four years in Mizan Aman General Hospital, Southwestern Ethiopia. Methods: We analyzed the records of 2150 tuberculosis patients registered at Mizan Aman General Hospital from June 2010 to July 2013. Tuberculosis type and treatment outcome were categorized according to the national tuberculosis control program guideline. Data analysis was performed using the statistical package SPSS for windows, version 20. Results: From the total of 2150 TB patients registered during the indicated period, 2090 (97.2%) were new cases and 60 (2.8%) were re-treated cases. Of which, 1125 (52.3%) were smear negative pulmonary TB (SNPTB) cases and the rest, 532 (24.7%) and 493 (23%) were smear positive pulmonary TB (SPPTB) and extra pulmonary TB (EPTB) cases respectively. Trends of all forms of TB increased from 363 in 2010 to 634 in 2011, and decreased in the year 2012 (330), and then, increased in the year 2013 (823). Regarding treatment outcomes, 561 (26.1%) were successfully treated, 26 (1.2%) defaulted, 49 (2.3%) died, and 1514(70.4%) patients were transferred out. Age and year of enrollment of TB patients were associated with higher treatment success (P<0.05). On the other hand, patient category, HIV status and year of enrollment of TB patients were significantly associated with death rate (P<0.05). Conclusion: TB in the hospital showed a fluctuating pattern for the last four years and the proportion of SNPTB cases was highest compared to cases of SPPTB and EPTB. The treatment success of all types of TB was unsatisfactory, which is a serious public health concern that needs to be addressed.
Observational Evidence of State‐Dependent Positive and Negative Land Surface Feedback on Afternoon Deep Convection Over the Southern Great Plains

The detection of soil moisture‐precipitation feedback is complicated by the dependence of feedback sign on atmospheric state and cloud types. We evaluated responses of convective clouds to changes in surface evaporative fraction (EF) from satellite and ground‐based measurements over the Southern Great Plains in summer months. Strong responses to EF were inferred only after accounting for tropospheric states supporting systematically positive or negative responses. State dependence (inferred from controlled model experiments) explains the weak response found in previous studies. The probability of transitions from shallow to deep cumulus, and subsequent precipitation onset, increases by 58% over drier surfaces in weakly stratified environments having deeper boundary layers. Boundary layer dynamics play a more important role than low‐level relative humidity in these environments. Wetter surfaces yield increased deep convection in moist and thermally stratified environments. The distinct pathways of convective initiation over dry and wet land surfaces can play important roles in drought onset and termination.
Minor Actinides Separation by N,N,N’,N’,N’’,N’’-Hexaoctyl Nitrilotriacetamide (HONTA) Using Mixer-settler Extractors in a Hot Cell

ABSTRACT A continuous counter-current test to separate minor actinides (MAs: Am and Cm) by N,N,N’,N’,N’’,N’’-hexaoctyl nitrilotriacetamide (HONTA) as an extractant was performed using mixer-settler extractors installed in a hot cell. Nitric acid of 0.08 M (mol/dm3) containing MAs and rare earths (REs) recovered from high-level liquid waste was used as the feed, and the experiment was conducted for 14 h. MAs were extracted by 0.05 M HONTA dissolved in n-dodecane, with Am and Cm being recovered at 94.9% and 78.9%, respectively. HONTA hardly extracted Y, La, and Eu from the feed (99.9% for Y, 99.9% for La, and 96.7% for Eu), most of which were distributed to the RE fraction. A portion of Nd was extracted by HONTA, and consequently the ratio of Nd in the RE fraction was 83.5%. HONTA could separate MAs and REs by adjusting the nitric acid concentration without using complexants. In addition, the concentrations of MAs and some REs in each stage were calculated using a simulation code, and the results are consistent with the experimental values. This code indicates that the ratios of MAs in the MA fraction and REs in the RE fraction could be ≥99% by optimizing separation conditions.
Arid Agroecosystem Shrubs Enhance Enzyme Activities during the Dry Season

In Senegal, in the Sahel region, the agroecosystem is dominated by two Sahelian shrubs able to redistribute water from deep soil to the surface. This study was carried out to determine the impact of these shrubs on soil microbial activity. A 2 × 3 factorial design was set up during the dry and wet season with three soil treatments: rhizospheric, bulk and non-rhizospheric soil. During the dry season, the presence of shrubs resulted in significantly higher phosphatase acid activity for Guiera senegalensis (p β-glucosidase and phosphatase acid had the highest correlation with the rhizospheric soil during the dry season respectively 98% and 97%. Soil moisture content was highly correlated with the rhizospheric soil (85%), chitinase activity (99%) and β-glucosidase (97%). Shrubs maintained a moister environment during the dry season which was critical in stimulating microbial activities; this has significant implications for agroecosystem management in the Sahel.
Intraspecific Functional Trait Diversity in Big Sagebrush-Associated Species and Implications for Ecological Restoration

Seed mass and germination patterns are traits directly related to colonization ability and plant fitness. However, patterns of variation in these traits remain poorly understood and are often disregarded when considering seed sourcing protocols for restoration. Examining patterns of interspecific and intraspecific variation in germination traits may be critical in planning for restoration of widespread ecosystems that will be impacted by anthropogenic climate change. I examined natural history traits and variability in seven species commonly used as components in restoration seed mixtures for big sagebrush habitat. Traits included seed mass, total germination, and timing of germination in multiple populations of each species. Results showed that seed mass, germination, and timing of germination vary significantly among species and populations of the same species. Additionally, though germination is consistently high at low temperatures, variability increases at higher temperatures. High variability in germination traits has been suggested as a tool to improve establishment and persistence of plants in restoration and, in turn, improve the chances of habitat and species persistence. My results indicated that within-species variation should be taken into account by restoration
Dependence or Constraints?: Labor Supply Responses from a Cash Transfer Program

Decreases in labor supply among cash-aid recipients are often cited as potential drawbacks of cash-transfer programs. In developing countries, such concern might be misplaced: This paper documents increases in labor supply due to a cash-transfer program. Using variation across cohorts and over time in the eligibility criteria of a nationwide conditional cash transfer program in Bolivian public schools, difference-in-differences estimates show that the probability of working increases by 4 percentage points in the case of adult females from households of eligible children. The results are unlikely to be explained by a relief of time constraints for adult females, as the results are driven by mothers whose children would have attended to school in absence of the program. Instead, this paper finds increases in self-employment and that the increases in labor supply are mostly driven by females from areas with limited access to financial services. The results suggest that cash transfer programs may relax liquidity constraints and may boost entrepreneurship among adult females.
Diverticular Disease: Evidence for Dietary Intervention?

A low-fiber diet is thought to be responsible for the rising trends in the incidence of diverticular disease and its complications. Furthermore, a high-fiber diet is thought to prevent the occurrence of symptoms in patients with diverticular disease. This review suggests that most of the evidence for a causal relationship is based on observational, uncontrolled studies, and that evidence from the only two randomized controlled trials conducted to test this hypothesis is inconsistent. Despite the limitations in the data, the fiber-diverticulosis hypothesis makes biologic sense, is based on sound epidemiologic data and fiber should be recommended until more valid studies are conducted.
Thermal compatibility properties of C6F12O-air gas mixture with metal materials

C6F12O (heptafluoroisopropyl pentafluoroethyl ketone) has been considered as a potential eco-friendly gas insulating medium to replace SF6, the most potent greenhouse gas, used in medium-voltage equipment. In this paper, we explored the compatibility between the C6F12O-air gas mixture and metals such as copper and aluminum to evaluate the long-term behavior of the new gas. Aging tests for the C6F12O-air gas mixture and metal were conducted, and the composition as well as the microstructure was analyzed. It was found that the interaction between C6F12O-air and copper results in the decomposition of C6F12O and corrosion of copper. Several by-products including CO2, C3F6, C4F8O, and C6F12 can be detected. Obvious color modifications and corrosion points exist after interaction. The compatibility between C6F12O-air and aluminum is superior to that between C6F12O-air and copper. Their interaction did not lead to the corrosion of aluminum. As for engineering applications, anticorrosion measures should be taken on copper to avoid the occurrence of negative chemical interactions.
Heart Rate Values During Shooting is a Field-Side Performance Analysis Tool in Archery-A study of Elite Indian Archers

BackgroundHeart rate value during different phases of archery shooting has been correlated with performance scores.ObjectivesThis study was done to ascertain this and with an aim of real-time objective field assessment of training and performance among Elite Indian archers.MethodsThe study was conducted in Indoor archery hall as per World Archery Association rules with Cross-sectional study design. Seven volunteered male elite archers (mean age: 23.9 ± 3.00 years, mean experience: 8.5 ± 2.35 years) shot 30 arrows each (n = 210) with simultaneous recording of heart rate, score and shooting action. Release frames were identified by slow motion analysis. Heart rate values during release (0 s), every second for 5 seconds before and after the release of arrow were noted and analyzed. One-way ANOVA test was employed. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05. ResultsOne-way ANOVA of heart rate values at all 11 time-points between the three scores 8, 9 and 10 showed significant differences from -5 s to -1 s with heart rate values at score 8 being significantly higher (P < 0.05). Heart rate decreased significantly from -5 s to +1 s and increased further.ConclusionsHeart rate deceleration was found in aiming and release phases of shooting. The elicited change in trend of the heart rate values can be used as a field-tool for training archers. Future studies on novice archers would help us understand the change in trend with training and experience in the sports.