Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Weanling and Precocious Development of Small Intestine in Rats: Genetic, Dietary or Hormonal Control

Summary: Small intestinal development was followed in rats from 17 to 28 days of age in order to evaluate the interactions of diets, genetic preprogramming, and hormones in influencing developmental changes. Control pups, weaned naturally at 21-24 days, showed a gradual increase in body weight, intestinal length, and segmental mucosal weight, total DNA, and protein content. In contrast, pups weaned at 17 days showed an immediate increase in intestinal length, decrease in lactase, and precocious increase in sucrase and maltase. The changes in segmental mucosal weight, DNA and protein contents, however, paralleled that of controls. Pups nursed up to 25 days had a smaller body weight, shorter intestine, lighter mucosa, and lesser mucosal protein content. They showed no significant delay in the increase in sucrase and maltase together with a persistent higher level of lactase. Enterokinase and leucine aminopeptidase showed little change irrespective of the dietary modifications. Significant increases in segmental mucosal mass, DNA, and protein contents during the studied period were seen in all animals. At 19 days, early weaned pups had serum levels of corticosteroids about 3 times that of control or prolonged nursed pups. The results support the concept of an inherent biologic program as a basic control of intestinal ontogeny whereas dietary changes seem to have a modifying role and act directly, or in concert with, hormonal changes.
Maternal Age at Last Birth in Egypt

Summary A proportional hazards regression model was applied to data on women aged 45–49 from the Egyptian Fertility Survey, to assess the effects of women's education, residence, and marital experience on their age at the birth of their last child. When age at marriage and parity were controlled, well-educated urban women tended to stop reproducing earlier than less educated rural women. Compared to intact first marriages, marital dissolution (divorce, widowhood, or separation) with remarriage tended to prolong the age at last birth, while failure to remarry tended to hasten it.
Evaluation of quality of partial caging by a planar two-fingered hand

In partial caging, an object is partially constrained by robots and is able to escape from there. Although complete caging ensures the hand never releases the confined object, insufficient degrees of freedom of robots does not often satisfy the conditions for caging. Partial caging, however, can be accomplished even by robots having such mechanical restriction. We consider a case that an object moves in the semi-closed region formed by a planar robot hand with two fingers, as an example of partial caging in two-dimensional space. Then the parameters of fingers: joint angles interfere in the object motion to escape from the hand through the gap between the fingertips. Some simulation results show differences of difficulty of escaping according to arrangement of fingers, and factors interfering in the difficulty are analyzed. Additionally, we also evaluate ease of entering the hand through the gap and define an ability index of robot hand for partial caging with the above two evaluation scores. Then a high index score indicates that the hand assumed to be able to capture objects easily and confine it without any finger motion. It can be utilized for mechanical design and controlling strategies of robots in capturing objects. Graphical Abstract
A Compiler-in-the-Loop framework to explore Horizontally Partitioned Cache architectures

Horizontally Partitioned Caches (HPCs) are a promising architectural feature to reduce the energy consumption of the memory subsystem. However, the energy reduction obtained using HPC architectures is very sensitive to the HPC parameters. Therefore it is very important to explore the HPC design space and carefully choose the HPC parameters that result in minimum energy consumption for the application. However, since in HPC architectures, the compiler has a significant impact on the energy consumption of the memory subsystem, it is extremely important to include compiler while deciding the HPC design parameters. While there has been no previous approaches to HPC design exploration, existing cache design space exploration methodologies do not include the compiler effects during DSE. In this paper, we present a Compiler-in- the-Loop (CIL) Design Space Exploration (DSE) methodology to explore and decide the HPC design parameters. Our experimental results on HP iPAQ h4300-like memory subsystem running benchmarks from the MiBench suite demonstrate that CIL DSE can discover HPC configurations with up to 80% lesser energy consumption than the HPC configuration in the iPAQ. In contrast, tradition simulation-only exploration can discover HPC design parameters that result in only 57% memory subsystem energy reduction. Finally our hybrid CIL DSE heuristic saves 67% of the exploration time as compared to the exhaustive exploration, while providing maximum possible energy savings on our set of benchmarks.
REDLOG: computer algebra meets computer logic

REDLOG is a package that extends the computer algebra system REDUCE to a computer logic system, i.e., a system that provides algorithms for the symbolic manipulation of first-order formulas over some temporarily fixed language and theory. In contrast to theorem provers, the methods applied know about the underlying algebraic theory and make use of it. We illustrate some applications of REDLOG, describe its functionality as it appears to the user, and explain the design issues and implementation techniques. REDLOG is available on the WWW.
EMG-Based Control of a Robot Arm Using Low-Dimensional Embeddings

As robots come closer to humans, an efficient human-robot-control interface is an utmost necessity. In this paper, electromyographic (EMG) signals from muscles of the human upper limb are used as the control interface between the user and a robot arm. A mathematical model is trained to decode upper limb motion from EMG recordings, using a dimensionality-reduction technique that represents muscle synergies and motion primitives. It is shown that a 2-D embedding of muscle activations can be decoded to a continuous profile of arm motion representation in the 3-D Cartesian space, embedded in a 2-D space. The system is used for the continuous control of a robot arm, using only EMG signals from the upper limb. The accuracy of the method is assessed through real-time experiments, including random arm motions.
Use of sunscreens to protect against ultraviolet-induced lupus erythematosus.

Photosensitivity is the leading symptom of cutaneous and systemic lupus erythematosus (LE). The role of sunlight in the induction of LE lesions has long been recognized, based on the observation that lesions are predominantly localized to sun-exposed areas of the body, especially the face, but also the head and neck area. Moreover, LE worsens during the summer period or in the weeks following increased sun exposure (1,2). Definite proof for a causative role of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in the induction of LE came from experimental photoprovocation testing in the early 1990s (3). Those studies unraveled the fact that the UV action spectrum that provokes LE in sensitive individuals includes both the ultraviolet B (UVB; 290–320 nm) and the UVA (320–400 nm) range. Moreover, the studies showed that LE does not develop immediately after UV exposure, but after a delay of 2–3 weeks. In view of the central role of sunlight in provoking LE, it is important for patients to establish efficient UV protection throughout the year. This is a particular challenge for areas of the skin that cannot effectively be covered by clothing. Over the last decade, high-potency sunscreens that protect against UV-induced sunburn have become widely available. However, the degree to which these sunscreens protect against other unwanted effects of UV irradiation has been called into question (4,5). Therefore, we have routinely included sunscreens in our diagnostic testing protocol for LE. A recent study involving 11 patients suggested that sunscreens protect against UV-induced LE lesions (6). In order to obtain a more general assessment of the protective capacity of sunscreens in LE in a larger cohort of patients, we performed a retrospective evaluation of 66 patients who underwent photoprovocation testing between 1999 and 2002. After informed written consent had been obtained, testing was done (according to a standard protocol) on the upper back, with a field size of 8 5 cm (7). The doses applied were 100 mJ/cm of UVA (from a Dermalight UltrA1 source; Hoenle Medizintechnik, Munich, Germany) or the 1.5-fold minimal erythema dose of UVB (from a Waldmann UVB 800 unit; Munich, Germany), or a combination of both, on 3 consecutive days. An additional field was irradiated with combined UVA/ UVB 15 minutes after the application of a commercial sunscreen that efficiently filters UVA (Anthelios W30; La RochePosay, La Roche-Posay, France). This sunscreen contained a
A Digital Compression Scheme using Delta and Differential Methods

The advancement of information technology has affected all walks of our life. And when we talk the use of information technology in a business environment, we cannot ignore the presence of a huge number of data base systems as its core. Data base technology has also grown from a simple file system to data navigation system, and over a last two to three decades a majority of business institutions, organizations, industries etc. have adopted the computerization process, and as a result have been flooded with data. Temporal database (a database that require some aspect of time when organizing their information) often increases with the time like information from reservation counters (flight, railways, buses, hotels), Bank ATMs, shares price from stock market, insurance policies. So with the limited resources how to manage and store these data, the only possible solution one can have is to just compress and store it with in the available resources. The traditional approach of compression make use of entropy encoding (compress without any regard to its content), whereas we can take advantage of Differential and Delta coding compression as we do in text compression. Now days many papers using loosy compression or lossless compressions which comes under both source encoding and entropy encoding. This paper presents an attempt to apply this category of compression method for a database file with some new approaches [9]. Approaches may be different but final goal is how to compress a data to some efficient manner. The percentage of compression level will become very high with these given approaches; it may go as high as 60% to 70% of compression [18]. The approaches are so simple that can be implemented in even C or C++ also. So that programmer and user can understand so simple way. It does not require special type of software. The attempt is so simple and may be used as a new development of compression for database. General Terms Compression, Compression Ratio, Lossy Compression, Non lossy Compression, Data Types.
Injection Moulding: Warpage Reduction By Reducing Residual Stress

Injection moulding is one of the most popular methods of processing polymers. It is a versatile process capable of producing high volumes with good dimensional tolerance while maintaining cost effectiveness. Over a third of all plastic products are made using injection moulding while over half of the world’s polymer processing equipment is used for injection moulding process. Warping, a major defect in injection moulding is the deformation of a moulded component caused by nonuniform changes in internal stress, differential shrinkage and/or orientation effects. One of the main factors affecting warping is residual stress, the stresses that remains within the moulded part, when there are no external loads applied to the system. In the case study, the part of concern: a faceplate experiences major warping and it affects the assembled end product. Changes are proposed to reduce the residual stress in the part post moulding, which will reduce part warpage as a result. The proposed changes to be studied are gate size, gate quantity, gate location and mould surface temperature. In order to predict and study the effects of these proposed changes to the warping, CAE software Moldflow Plastic Insight (MPI) is used to carry out the simulation. MPI requires no introduction in the field of mould design and optimisation, as it is one of the most widely used CAE solutions in the industry. MPI is a 3D solid-based simulation tool that allows plastic part designers and mould makers to successfully predict design manufacturability and quality during preliminary stages of product development. From the simulation studies, it is concluded that gate size have a minor effect on reducing residual stress and warping while gate quantity and location have a significant impact in reducing residual stress and warpage. Increasing mould surface temperature also reduces residual stress by reducing both flow-induced and thermal-induced residual stress.
Bounded, Strongly Sequential and Forward-Branching Term Rewriting Systems

The class of Strongly Sequential Term Rewriting Systems (SS) was defined in Huet & Levy (1979)]. Strandh (1989)] defined the class of bounded TRSs (B). As a subset of B, Strandh defined the class of forward-branching TRSs (FB); FB strictly contains the class of Strongly-Left Sequential TRSs (SLS) defined by Hoffmann & O'Donnell (1982)] for their Equational Programming System. For SLS, Hoffmann and O'Donnell found efficient algorithms to compute normal forms. Strandh showed that as efficient algorithms exist for FB.B is defined in terms of the existence of a deterministic pattern matching automaton called an index tree and FB in terms of the existence of a forward-branching index tree. Two open problems set by Strandh were to characterise FB in a simpler way and to find an algorithm to build a forward-branching index tree.This article contains three main parts. In the first part, we introduce the Strongly Sequential class and the Bounded class and we check that B = SS. This insures that FB ? SS and relates Strandh's work to all the works initiated by Huet & Levy (1979)]. The second part contains the main result of this article: we give a very simple characterisation of FB. Our proof of the characterisation is constructive; it's then straightforward to extend it to an algorithm that builds a forward-branching index tree. In the third part we give the algorithm and show that it runs in quadratic time.
Interoperability by design using the StdTrip tool: an a priori approach

A database conceptual schema is a high-level description of how database concepts are organized, typically as a set of classes of objects and their attributes. Triplification is the process by which a database schema, and its instances, are transformed into a RDF dataset. A major step in this process is deciding how to represent database schema concepts in terms of RDF classes and properties. This is done by mapping database concepts to a vocabulary, to be used as the base in which to generate the RDF triples from. The construction of this vocabulary is extremely important, because the more one reuses well known standards, the easier it will be to interlink the result to other existing datasets. Most triplifying engines today provide support to the mechanical process of transforming relational to RDF data. However, to best of our knowledge, none provide user support during the conceptual modeling stage. In this paper, we present StdTrip, a tool that guides users in this process. If possible, the tool promotes the reuse of standard, W3C recommended RDF vocabularies, or otherwise suggests the reuse of vocabularies already adopted by other RDF datasets.
Two-dimensional, hybrid model of low-pressure glow discharges.

A self-consistent, two-dimensional hybrid fluid-particle model is presented and used to describe the electrical behavior of dc low-pressure discharges in the current range ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}7}$--${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ A in argon for products of the gas pressure and the gap spacing (pd) from 1 to 3.3 cm torr. The two-dimensional distributions of the potential, charged particle densities and ionization source term at steady state are shown to illustrate the discharge behavior during the transition from the normal to the abnormal regimes. For the larger values of pd, a positive column region as well as the cathode regions are clearly apparent. The model used here consists of Poisson's equation for the electric field coupled to the continuity equations for the electrons and ions with the important feature that the ionization source term appearing in the continuity equations is nonlocal and determined from a Monte Carlo simulation. This description yields a unified physical picture of discharge behavior in the cathode fall, negative glow, and positive column regions over a wide range of discharge currents.
Quantum Circuits with Unbounded Fan-out

We demonstrate that the unbounded fan-out gate is very powerful. Constant-depth polynomial-size quantum circuits with bounded fan-in and unbounded fan-out over a fixed basis (denoted by QNCf0) can approximate with polynomially small error the following gates: parity, mod[q], And, Or, majority, threshold[t], exact[q], and counting. Classically, we need logarithmic depth even if we can use unbounded fan-in gates. If we allow arbitrary one-qubit gates instead of a fixed basis, then these circuits can also be made exact in log-star depth. Sorting, arithmetical operations, phase estimation, and the quantum Fourier transform can also be approximated in constant depth.
A case study of a corporate open source development model

Open source practices and tools have proven to be highly effective for overcoming the many problems of geographically distributed software development. We know relatively little, however, about the range of settings in which they work. In particular, can corporations use the open source development model effectively for software projects inside the corporate domain? Or are these tools and practices incompatible with development environments, management practices, and market-driven schedule and feature decisions typical of a commercial software house? We present a case study of open source software development methodology adopted by a significant commercial software project in the telecommunications domain. We extract a number of lessons learned from the experience, and identify open research questions.
National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis A Cartographic Animation of Average Yearly Surface Temperatures for the 48 Contiguous United States: 1897-1986

Animation is an important method of communicating information that lends itself to cartographic display. Exploration of this medium resides at the forefront of cartographic research. The purpose of this project has been to develop a viable cartographic animation process employing hardware and software currently available in the Geographic Information and Analysis Laboratory (GIAL) at the Department of Geography, State University of New York at Buffalo. Successful utilization of the process has produced an animation that displays the spatial distribution of average yearly surface temperatures across the U.S. for the 90 year period, 1897 through 1986. The production of an animated surface temperature map was prompted by personal concern about the possibility of global warming resulting from increased concentrations of anthropogenic greenhouse gases in our atmosphere. Understanding of this greenhouse phenomenon and its consequences is dependent upon the dissemination of information regarding the event and its consequences. Animated cartography offers the opportunity to communicate in such a manner.
Electrochemical Oxidation of EDTA in Nuclear Wastewater Using Platinum Supported on Activated Carbon Fibers

A novel Pt/ACF (Pt supported on activated carbon fibers) electrode was successfully prepared with impregnation and electrodeposition method. Characterization of the electrodes indicated that the Pt/ACF electrode had a larger effective area and more active sites. Electrochemical degradation of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) in aqueous solution with Pt/ACF electrodes was investigated. The results showed that the 3% Pt/ACF electrode had a better effect on EDTA removal. The operational parameters influencing the electrochemical degradation of EDTA with 3% Pt/ACF electrode were optimized and the optimal removal of EDTA and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 94% and 60% after 100 min on condition of the electrolyte concentration, initial concentration of EDTA, current density and initial value of pH were 0.1 mol/L, 300 mg/L, 40 mA/cm2 and 5.0, respectively. The degradation intermediates of EDTA in electrochemical oxidation with 3% Pt/ACF electrode were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS).
Effect of bark flour on melt rheological behavior of high density polyethylene

The melt rheological behavior of neem bark flour (BF) filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) has been studied at varying volume fraction (ϕf) from 0 to 0.26 at 180, 190, and 200°C in the shear rate range from 100 to 5000 s−1 using extruded pellets of the composites. The melt viscosity of HDPE increases with ϕf because the BF particles obstruct the flow of HDPE. With the incorporation of the coupling agent HDPE-g-MAH, the viscosity decreased compared to the corresponding compositions in the HDPE/BF systems due to a plasticizing/lubricating effect by HDPE-g-MAH. The composites obeyed power law behavior in the melt flow. The power law index decreases with increase in the filler content and increases with temperature for the corresponding systems while the consistency index showed the opposite trend. The activation energy for viscous flow exhibited inappreciable change with either ϕf or inclusion of the coupling agent, however, the pre-exponential factor increased with filler concentration. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012