Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efeito de ácido giberélico, GA3, e GA4 + GA7 em pós-colheita de crisântemo e solidago.

O experimento foi instalado no laboratorio do Departamento de Horticultura da FCA/ UNESP, no periodo de 14 de novembro a 3 de dezembro de 1998. As hastes de crisântemo (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) e solidago (Solidago canadensis L.) foram selecionadas e colocadas em solucao de "pulsing", por 24 horas, visando avaliar as respostas aos seguintes tratamentos: Agua (testemunha), GA3 10 mg.L-1 (Pro-Gibb); GA3 20 mg.L-I; GA3 30 mg.L-I; GA4 + GA7 10 mg.L-1 (Pro-Vibe), GA4 + GA7 20 mg.L-1 e GA4 + GA7 30 mg.L-1. Apos os tratamentos de "pulsing", as hastes foram colocadas em recipientes contendo 1.000 mL de agua, que foi trocada a cada dois dias. Avaliou-se o numero de dias ate o descarte, tanto para hastes de solidago quanto para crisântemo, para cada tratamento testado. Avaliou--se tambem a qualidade das folhas de solidago conforme o seguinte criterio: indice de qualidade (IQ) = 3 (folhas verdes), IQ = 2 (folhas em inicio de amarelecimento) e IQ = 1 (folhas amarelas ou queimadas). Pelos resultados concluiu-se que: hastes cortadas de solidago e crisântemo diferiram quanto as respostas aos tratamentos pos-colheita, em relacao ao tipo de giberelina utilizada; GA4 + GA7 10 mg.L-1 foi eficiente na manutencao da qualidade de hastes cortadas de solidago, e GA3 nas concentracoes utilizadas no experimento apresentaram efeito deleterio nas folhas de solidago; GA3 10 e 20 mg.L-1 foram mais eficientes na manutencao da qualidade pos-colheita de hastes de crisântemo.
Evaluating breeding habitat and populations of ringed seals Phoca hispida in Svalbard fjords

Abstract In Tempelfjorden and Sassenfjorden, Svalbard, 12 March to4 April 1990, a Siberian husky dog was used to detect ringed seal breathing holes in the ice, using random stratified sampling to sample 20% (40 km2) of the total area. The area was estimated to contain 997 ringed seal breathing holes, corresponding to 293 ringed seals. A maximum of 185 pups were born in the area. A breeding condition factor was constructed to enable comparisons of yearly and areal variation in ice cover and precipitation within ringed seal breeding habitats.
Liquidity and Discipline. Bank Due Diligence in the Business Cycle

This paper studies the interaction between bank monitoring and liquidity and its impact on business cycle transmission. We develop a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous loan monitoring and constrained banks in retail and wholesale liquidity markets. Liquidity shortages and loan portfolio values govern banks' monitoring incentives and productivity. Calibrating the model to U.S. data reveals that banks monitoring acts as a countercyclical attenuator of aggregate liquidity shocks but as an amplifier of capital shocks that erode loan portfolio values. Credit policies can temporarily dilute stabilizing effects of bank monitoring. The model predictions are broadly consistent with granular evidence on 200 U.S. banks over 1995-2015.
Studies of Resistance to Pullorum Disease in Chickens

Abstract RESISTANCE to disease is a variable factor. Operating together with changes in organism virulence, it is responsible for the severity of any given disease attack. Experimental evidence bringing more light to bear upon the conditions under which pullorum resistance varies may prove a valuable aid to brooding and flock management. Rettger, Kirkpatrick, and Stoneburn showed that pullorum resistance varies with age. Roberts and Card demonstrated the variation of pullorum resistance caused by genetic factors. These authors determined, among other things, that “Selection was effective in producing strains of domestic fowl more resistant than . unselected stocks in respect to infection by Salmonella pullora. ” The same investigators also noted an increase of resistance under natural conditions in the presence of infection. They reported that among flocks of the Chia Gi variety in the vicinity of Peiping, China, pullorum reactors were present while no evidence of pullorum infection could be .
Probable Maximum Sizes of Inclusions Predicted by SEV and PSD for BH Steels of Automobile Exposed Panel with Different Sulfur Contents

This study attempted to estimate the maximum size of inclusions in the ultra-low carbon Bake Hardening (BH) steels of automobile exposed panel. The Probable Maximum Sizes (PMS) of inclusions at the different steelmaking stages for BH steel with different sulfur contents were predicted by two methods of Statistics of Extreme Values (SEV) and Particle Size Distribution (PSD). The S content does not show a relationship with the PMS prediction of inclusions in the molten steel in which Al2O3 is the main inclusion, while the higher content of S leads to a larger PMS value in the slab, due to more number of large-sized Al2O3-MnS inclusions formed during solidification. The PMS value in the slab is greater than that in the molten steel for BH steel. Thus, the PMS of inclusions in the slab cannot be estimated from the molten steel samples. The SEV can be used to predict well the PMS values at different steelmaking stages for BH steels. However, the PSD of exponential function cannot predict well the PMS value in the slab for BH steel when considering all kinds of inclusions due to the large influence of small-sized MnS with high number density on the PSD of exponential function. When only considering Al2O3-MnS inclusions, the PSD of exponential function can make a reasonable PMS prediction in the slab, because the size distribution of Al2O3-MnS with large size can follow the exponential function.
Fine Structure and Development of the Zygospore of Rhizopus sexualis (Smith) Callen

The development of the zygospore of Rhizopus sexualis (Smith) Callen was followed by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Details of all stages, including dissolution of the fusion wall, delimitation of the gametangia by septa, and formation of the complex wall of the zygospore are described and illustrated. Changes in number, form and distribution of the organelles and the behaviour of the nuclei are described. The probable function of the cytoplasmic organelles and the possible mechanisms controlling development are discussed.
Effects of Solvent and pH on Stingless Bee Propolis in Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

Ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to extract propolis from a dark and resinous substance harvested from a beehive of Heterotrigona itama, which is commonly known as stingless bees. The propolis extracts were prepared using ethanol and water at different pH values of 3, 6, and 9. The yield of the ethanolic extract was significantly higher than the water extract, but there were no significant differences at different pH values. The ethanolic extract was found to have a lower 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity than the water extract at pH values of 6 and 9. However, the acidic propolis extracts, particularly the ethanolic extract, were found to have the highest antioxidant capacity. The addition of 20% polyethylene glycol 400 in the solvent systems was unlikely to improve propolis extraction. This can be seen from the antioxidant capacity and metabolite profile of the propolis extracts. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based high throughput screening of the propolis extracts showed them to have small metabolites of hydrocarbons, esters, terpenes, and alkaloids, as well as high antioxidative 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. The detection of mangostin, mangiferin, and a few flavanones in the acidic ethanolic extract by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry LC–MS/MS proved its high antioxidant capacity compared to the water extract.
Reduction of endoglin receptor impairs mononuclear cell-migration

Aim: To test if the impairment of mononuclear cell (MNC) migration in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is due to the reduction of the endoglin (ENG) receptor on the cell surface and oxidative stress. Methods: MNCs of HHT patients and normal controls were subjected to migration assay. Fractions of MNCs were pre-incubated with antibodies specific to HHT causative genes ENG [hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1 (HHT1)] or activin receptor-like kinase 1 [ALK1, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 (HHT2)], AMD3100 or Diprotin-A to block ENG, ALK1 C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) or CD26 (increased in HHT1 MNCs) before migration assay. The MNCs were allowed to migrate toward stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) for 18 h. The expression of CXCR4, CD26, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) in MNCs and nitric oxide levels in the plasma were analyzed. Results: Compared to the controls, fewer HHT1 MNCs and similar number of HHT2 MNCs migrated toward SDF-1α. Diprotin-A pre-treatment improved HHT1 MNC-migration, but had no effect on normal and HHT2 MNCs. Pre-incubation with an anti-ENG antibody reduced the migration of normal MNCs. Diprotin-A did not improve the migration of ENG antibody pre-treated MNCs. Anti-ALK1 antibody had no effect on MNC-migration. AMD3100 treatment reduced normal and HHT MNC-migration. ENG mRNA level was reduced in HHT1 and HHT2 MNCs. ALK1 mRNA was reduced in HHT2 MNCs only. CD26 expression was higher in HHT1 MNCs. Pre-treatment of MNCs with anti-ENG or anti-ALK1 antibody had no effect on CD26 and CXCR4 expression. The expression of antioxidant enzymes, SOD1, was reduced in HHT1 MNCs, which was accompanied with an increase of ROS in HHT MNCs and nitric oxide in HHT1 plasma. Conclusions: Reduction of ENG receptor on MNC surface reduced monocyte migration toward SDF-1α independent of CD26 expression. Increased oxidative stress could alter HHT MNC migration behavior.
Integration of Transcriptome, Gross Morphology and Histopathology in the Gill of Sea Farmed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): Lessons From Multi-Site Sampling

The gill of teleost fish is a multifunctional organ involved in many physiological processes such as gas exchange, osmotic and ionic regulation, acid-base balance and excretion of nitrogenous waste. Due to its extensive interface with the environment, the gill plays a key role as a primary mucosal defense tissue against pathogens, as manifested by the presence of the gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT). In recent years, the prevalence of multifactorial gill pathologies has increased significantly, causing substantial losses in Atlantic salmon aquaculture. The transition from healthy to unhealthy gill phenotypes and the progression of multifactorial gill pathologies, such as proliferative gill disease (PGD), proliferative gill inflammation (PGI) and complex gill disorder (CGD), are commonly characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, lamellar fusion and inflammation. Routine monitoring for PGD relies on visual inspection and non-invasive scoring of the gill tissue (gross morphology), coupled with histopathological examination of gill sections. To explore the underlying molecular events that are associated with the progression of PGD, we sampled Atlantic salmon from three different marine production sites in Scotland and examined the gill tissue at three different levels of organization: gross morphology with the use of PGD scores (macroscopic examination), whole transcriptome (gene expression by RNA-seq) and histopathology (microscopic examination). Our results strongly suggested that the changes in PGD scores of the gill tissue were not associated with the changes in gene expression or histopathology. In contrast, integration of the gill RNA-seq data with the gill histopathology enabled us to identify common gene expression patterns associated with multifactorial gill disease, independently from the origin of samples. We demonstrated that the gene expression patterns associated with multifactorial gill disease were dominated by two processes: a range of immune responses driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines and the events associated with tissue damage and repair, driven by caspases and angiogenin.
Manufacture of Cheddar Cheese Using Proteinase-Negative Mutants of Streptococcus cremoris

Abstract Cheddar cheese was manufactured with a proteinase-negative mutant of Streptococcus cremoris UC 73 and from a commercial lactic culture blend. Soluble nitrogen was analyzed and the cheese graded at intervals to 365 d of age. The cheese made with proteinase-negative cultures graded equal to the control cheese up to 90 d. It was best in overall texture and body and lowest in cheese flavor and flavor intensity after 90 d. It also had significantly higher soluble nitrogen throughout storage. No significant differences in yields were found. Cheddar cheese made at a constant 39°C temperature with a 2% inoculum of proteinase-negative S. cremoris UC 73 increased manufacturing time by 40min over cheese made by conventional cooking procedures. When inoculum was increased to 4% and the constant temperature to 42°C, manufacturing time was 3.6h, which was 1h less than with a 2% inoculum and conventional cooking. By providing a yeast extract carry-over of . 0175% from the proteinase-negative bulk culture, it would be possible to produce Cheddar cheese within a normal time frame with only . 7% inoculum.
Poloidal‐ and Toroidal‐Mode Mantle Flows Underneath the Cascadia Subduction Zone

Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain intriguing circular shear wave splitting patterns in the Pacific Northwest, invoking either 2‐D entrained flows or 3‐D return flows. Here, we present some hitherto unidentified, depth‐dependent anisotropic signatures to reconcile different conceptual models. At depths shallower than 200 km, the fast propagation directions of seismic waves to the west of the Rocky Mountain are aligned sub‐parallel to the subduction direction of the Juan de Fuca and Gorda Plates. This pattern is consistent with previous onshore/offshore shear wave splitting measurements and indicates that 2‐D entrained flows dominate at shallower depths. From 300 to 500 km, two large‐scale return flows are revealed, one circulating around Nevada and Colorado and the other running around the edge of the descending Juan de Fuca slab. These observations suggest the development of toroidal‐mode mantle flows, driven by the fast rollback of the narrow, fragmented Juan de Fuca and Gorda slabs.
Diagnostic Value of Elastography, Strain Ratio, and Elasticity to B-Mode Ratio and Color Doppler Ultrasonography in Breast Lesions

Purpose The aim of this study ﻿was to investigate the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of sonoelastography (SE), strain ratio (SR), ﻿elasticity to B-﻿mode (E/B) ratio, and color Doppler ultrasonography (US) in suspected breast lesions. Materials and Methods This prospective study was conducted on women referred to Alzahra university hospital of Tabriz for annual screening of breast cancer between May 2017 and December 2018. B-mode US, SE, and color Doppler imaging were conducted in females with suspected mammography reports. The lesions in B-mode were classified according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (B-RADS). The results of SE imaging were graded based on five-grade SE score. SR and E/B ratio of each lesion were also analyzed in SE images. Color Doppler findings were categorized from 0 (no visible vessel) to 2 (> two vessels) based on the vascularity of the tumor. Pathology results were used as the gold standard to measure the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of each modality. Results One-hundred and ten breast lesions of 104 women aged 42.05±10.33 years were included in the study. Seventy-seven of the lesions were benign and 3 were malignant. Sensitivity and specificity of 97.0% and 77.9% for B-mode US, 93.9% and 87.0% for SE score, 81.8% and 66.2% for color Doppler US, 72.7% and 77.6% for E/B ratio (cutoff: 1.05), and 77.3% and 79.6% for SR (cutoff: 1.90) were obtained, respectively. Addition of SE score to B-mode US increased the sensitivity to 93.9%, specificity to 93.5%, and AUC from 0.95 to 0.97. Cumulative color Doppler US with B-mode US did not enhance the diagnostic accuracy of B-mode US. Conclusion SE was more effective than color Doppler US for distinguishing malignant from benign breast lesion. Among the three different SE features, five-grade SE score was superior to E/B ratio and SR.
Temporal, diel and spatial variability of decapod larvae from St Paul's Rocks, an equatorial oceanic island of Brazil

Temporal, spatial and diel variation in the distribution and abundance of organisms is an inherent property of ecological systems. The present study describes these variations and the composition of decapod larvae from the surface waters of St Paul's Rocks. The expeditions to the archipelago were carried out in April, August and November 2003, March 2004 and May 2005. Surface plankton samples were collected during the morning and dusk periods, inside the inlet and in increasing distances around the archipelago (~150, 700 and 1500 m). The identification resulted in 51 taxa. Seven species, six genera and larvae of the families Pandalidae and Portunidae were identified for the first time in the area. The mean larval density varied from zero to 150.2±69.6 individuals 100 m−3 in the waters surrounding the archipelago and from 1.7±3.0 to 12,827±15,073 individuals 100 m−3 inside the inlet. Significant differences on larval density were verified between months and period of the day, but not among the three sites around the archipelago. Cluster and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis indicated that the decapod larvae community was divided into benthic and pelagic assemblages. Indicator species analysis (ISA) showed that six Brachyura taxa were good indicators for the inlet, while three sergestids were the main species from the waters around the archipelago. These results suggest that St Paul's Rocks can be divided into two habitats, based on larval composition, density and diversity values: the inlet and the waters surrounding the archipelago.
Training Medical Student Facilitators of Peer-Assisted Study Sessions Using an Objective Standardized Teaching Exercise

Introduction Peer-assisted study sessions (P.A.S.S.) are medical student–facilitated small-group sessions that aim to improve students’ knowledge and performance in preclinical courses. Peer teaching has been shown to have a positive impact on academic performance of both learners and peer teachers. For peer teaching to be more effective, there is a need for training of peer teachers. We developed a facilitator training workshop to help to improve medical students’ confidence in serving as P.A. S.S. facilitators. Methods Participants were first-year medical students who were approved to become P.A. S.S. facilitators. We recruited facilitators to attend a training workshop and provided them with a training manual to use during the training session and as a resource after the session. We recruited five standardized students to participate in an objective standardized teaching exercise (OSTE). We asked facilitators to complete pre/post surveys before and after the workshop to indicate their level of confidence in facilitating the sessions and provide feedback on the workshop. Results Nine P.A. S.S. facilitators participated in the training session. Analysis of pre- and postworkshop survey data showed a statistically significant increase in student confidence (p ≤ .02). Discussion Developing and implementing a formalized P.A. S.S. facilitator training manual and workshop with an OSTE helped improve students’ confidence in facilitating an organized, effective, and interactive peer teaching session. Students’ positive feedback on the OSTE suggests that OSTEs can be useful tools to help peer teachers learn skills to cope with challenging situations with students.
TOLERANCE AND IMMUNITY TO THE LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS *

The first experimental evidence that could indicate immunological tolerance to a virus was presented by Traub more than 30 years ago. He reported that the lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus in mice could cause a lifelong, symptomless virus carrier state. The virus was present in carriers in high titers in the blood and in organs, but no antibodies could be detected. This situation occurred when mice were infected in utero or as newborns. However, if mature mice were infected with the same virus, the infection took the course normally seen in virus infections ending in either the death of the animal or recovery followed by immunity. Traub’s discovery of the apparently immunologically nonreactive LCM virus carrier mice constitutes one of the facts that led Burnet and Fenner 47 to formulate their original hypotheses of immunological tolerance, and for many years all parties seemed to agree that a state of tolerance to the LCM virus in mice could be established. However, in recent years prominent immunologists have expressed considerable doubt over the whole idea of a state of tolerance to such a complex antigen as a virus must be. Many critics believe that the phenomenon in mice resembling tolerance to viruses may have a different explanation. Increasing numbers of investigators agree that immunity to viruses consists of a humoral as well as a cell-mediated immunity. However, where many viruses are concerned, data indicating a cell-mediated immunity are sparse, often unconvincing, and may even be completely lacking. Moreover, the mechanism of the cell-mediated immunity is very poorly understood. Thus, not only the importance of this immunity but also its very existence have provoked considerable discussion in recent years. Because of the prevailing doubts about tolerance and immunity to viruses, and because of the fact that the LCM virus is probably that on which the question of tolerance and the immune mechanism has been studied most extensively, it seems appropriate to review the data we and others have obtained in these investigations. Furthermore, the role of the immune reactions in the pathogenesis of the LCM virus infection is such an intriguing and pertinent problem that it too requires discussion.
The Primacy of Politics in Public Food Security Policies: The Case of Home Gardens

Home gardens are often conceived as a panacea to contribute to the problem of food insecurity in poor rural and urban households. However, systematic reviews indicate weak evidence of significant impacts on families. This way, there has been an intense discussion about their effectiveness. This research aims to generate knowledge about the relevance of assuming food production in home gardens as an alternative to the home consumption. Two questions drive this paper: what number of home gardens, supported by three different government programs, persists? Moreover, what factors explain their permanence? Our sample constituted 261 beneficiaries, and the collection of data was through face-to-face field surveys and in situ visits to the vegetable garden granted. We show that less than 7.5% of gardens remain in right conditions after two years of establishment. The pleasure and need to produce, family involvement, urban/rural location, and the technology provided are determining factors for permanence. The results support the argument that the high rate of home gardens that fail is related to the primacy of politics in considering the problem of food security as a “lack of assets” to produce. Thus, this suggests that there is a weak link between the problem, policies, and the politics.