Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new approach to solid-state on load tap changing transformers

This paper presents a new approach to solid-state load tap changing system. The tap changing system is comprised of solid-state devices (SCRs) and a number of transformer taps. Through judicious choice of the tap changer topology and a novel control approach, our system is able to offer up to 48 steps in place of the 16 steps associated with mechanical tap changers. Further, it is able to do this with fewer transformer tap windings and with the ability to move from one tap to another tap without passing through any intermediate taps. The tap changer concept has been experimentally verified. Examples are presented to illustrate the concepts and how they can be applied to support 34.5 kV, 30 MVA and 115 kV, 100 MVA systems. Economic analysis of these sample systems indicates that the approach presented can be 20-50% less expensive than previous efforts to realize solid-state tap changers.
Human disturbance of indoor EHF wireless channel

Report is made of experimental results conducted at 37.2 GHz between two fixed terminals in a long corridor, the aim being to investigate the effect of human motion upon the indoor line-of-sight propagation channel. The empirical database consists of recordings of temporal continuous wave envelope fading waveforms. The data are analysed in terms of amplitude fading distributions, level crossing rates and fade duration statistics.
Aesthetic Disposition, Educational Capital, Personality Trait Openness, and Sex: A Study of French High-School Students

Aesthetic disposition has been defined as the propensity to prioritize form over function and to approach any object as potentially valuable from an aesthetic standpoint. In this study, we examined whether and how aesthetic disposition was predicted by educational capital, personality trait openness, and sex. In addition, we investigated the association of educational capital and sex with openness. We compared students from a general high school (“high” educational-capital group) with students from a vocational high school (“low” educational-capital group). We found that (a) aesthetic disposition was positively associated with educational capital and, to a lesser extent, with openness, (b) sex was of minor importance in the distribution of aesthetic disposition, and (c) openness was positively linked to educational capital and unrelated to sex. Our findings support the view that educational capital plays an important role in the social distribution of aesthetic disposition and highlight a link between education and openness.
An improvement of hot-carrier reliability in the stacked nitride-oxide gate n- and p-MISFET's

Thin LPCVD stacked nitride-oxide gate MISFET's offer the potential for high current drive as a consequence of the high permittivity of the nitride. However, thin nitride-oxide films have yet to be used in actual MISFET's for LSI products because thin nitride films have poor masking ability during re-oxidation and low reliability under hot-carrier stress. We have investigated improvements to thin LPCVD stacked nitride-oxide films as regards masking ability during re-oxidation and hot-carrier reliability. The method proposed to improve film quality is densification through high-temperature rapid thermal processes and its effectiveness has been tested. Simple rapid thermal annealing (RTA) did not improve the film quality at all. On the other hand, rapid thermal nitridation (RTN) on the deposited nitride film improved it considerably. The reason for the improvement by RTN was investigated. >
Impact of Public Policy and Societal Risk Perception on U.S. Civilian Nuclear Power Plant Construction

AbstractDue to the increasing demand for energy in the United States, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission is currently reviewing permit applications for 26 new nuclear power reactors. However, the previous generation of U.S. civilian nuclear plant construction experienced significant cost and schedule overruns. Previous research identified “regulatory ratcheting” (continuous, retroactive change in nuclear plant regulations) as one of the primary causes of this poor performance. Regulatory ratcheting was enabled by the nuclear industry’s two-step permitting and licensing process for civilian power plant construction, which allowed society’s perception of the risks associated with nuclear plant operation to impact nuclear plant construction. How will public policy and societal risk perception affect the next generation of U.S. civilian nuclear plant construction? This question is investigated using a dynamic simulation model of the public policy and social feedback processes that impact U.S. nuclear plant con.
Harmonic Effects in Rotating Electric Machines

When harmonic effects are of significance, direct algebraic analysis permits the determination of machine current, voltage and torque waveforms with extremely hiclh efficiency. Unfortunately, this efficiency, which permits large savings in computational time over alternative methods, has only been employed in simple situations because of the enormous labour involved in deriving the initial algebraic equations. The availability of an algebraic compiler, FORMAC, has permitted mechanization of this initial phase of the analysis so that general analvtic results are now available. The validity of these equations has been experimentally verified by considering two typical cases, the wound rotor induction motor and the three-phase synchronous machine, and two particularly demanding situations, the single-phase synchronous machine and an induction type machine with single-phase primary and secondary windings.
On the natural frequencies of infilled frames

Three approximate models are considered for the evaluation of the first few natural frequencies and associated mode shapes of infilled frames, a commonly occurring composite structural system formed by the combination of plane frames and filler walls. The reasonableness of the models is checked with the available experimental results and wit the corresponding finite element solutions. The multiple strut model, wherein the infills are replaced by a set of equivalent multiple struts, can account for the frame-infill separation and infill openings and this model is seen to be an improvement over the single equivalent diagonal strut models proposed by earlier investigators. The shear-flexure cantilever analogy, by rationally evaluating the fundamental frequency, aids the equivalent lateral load procedures of the earthquak analysis. For dealing with the frames with central infill openings an equivalent plane frame model is discussed. Besides presenting the approximate models, the effect of frame-infill separation in reducing the fundamental frequency is investigated and an empirical relation is presented in this regard. Also some of the factors influencing the frame-infill contact lengths are studied and this indicates that the contact lengths are highly sensitive and indeterminate. Some constructional methods for avoiding separation and ensuring effective composite action between themore » frame and infill are also suggested. « less
Impact of Hindiya Dam on the Limnological Features of Euphrates River to the North of Babil Governorate, Iraq

Five sites were chosen to the north of Babil Governorate in order to identify the limnological features and the impact of the Hindiya Dam during 2019. Site2 was located near the dam to reflect the ecological features of this site, whereas other sites, S1 was located at the upstream of the dam as a control site. Moreover, the two other sites S3 and S4 were located down the dam. The results of the study showed a close correlation between air and water temperature at all sites. Also there were significant differences in average of thirteen out of eighteen water parameters.Water temperature, total alkalinity, bicarbonate, DO, POS, TH and Mg +2 ions decreased from 22.76 ̊C, 203.33 mg/L, 146.75 mg/L, 8.8 mg/L, 100.023%, 438 mg/L, 35.55mg/L, respectively on S2 to 22.66 ̊C, 200.28 mg/L, 145.58 mg/L, 8.35 mg/L, 95.45%, 422.66 mg/L, 28.81 mg/L, respectively at site below the dam. While, turbidity, TSS, Ca +2 , SO2 +4 , NO3 -2 and PO4 -2 increased from 13.32 NTU, 23.08 mg/L, 116.89 mg/L, 107.5 mg/L, 1.027 mg/L and 0.019 mg/L, respectively on S2 to 26.574 NTU, 26.83 mg/L, 119.23 mg/L, 137.5 mg/L, 1.145 mg/L and 0.032 mg/L, respectively at the site below the dam. However, no apparent dam effect was reported in EC, S, TDS, pH values at Euphrates River. No significant differences of all characteristics were found among sites except, turbidity, TSS, Mg +2 , SO +4 and PO4 -2 . It can be considered that the Euphrates River is very hard, oligohaline, slightly alkaline, well ventilated and clear to turbid. In addition, the turbidity and TSS values exceeded permissible limits of water quality for aquatic life in most samples especially in site below the dam. However, the river was considered by BOD5 to be doubtful in its cleanliness water. Calcium, magnesium, nitrate and phosphate values in this study were within permissible limits.
Pressure Destabilizes Oxygen Vacancies in Bridgmanite

Bridgmanite may contain a large proportion of ferric iron in its crystal structure in the forms of FeFeO3 and MgFeO2.5 components. We investigated the pressure dependence of FeFeO3 and MgFeO2.5 contents in bridgmanite coexisting with MgFe2O4‐phase and with or without ferropericlase in the MgO‐SiO2‐Fe2O3 ternary system at 2,300 K, 33 and 40 GPa. Together with the experiments at 27 GPa reported in Fei et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086296), our results show that the FeFeO3 and MgFeO2.5 contents in bridgmanite decrease from 7.6 to 5.3 mol % and from 2 to 3 mol % to nearly zero, respectively, with increasing pressure from 27 to 40 GPa. Accordingly, the total Fe3+ decreases from 0.18 to 0.11 pfu. The formation of oxygen vacancies (MgFeO2.5 component) in bridgmanite is therefore dramatically suppressed by pressure. Oxygen vacancies can be produced by ferric iron in Fe3+‐rich bridgmanite under the topmost lower mantle conditions, but the concentration should decrease rapidly with increasing pressure. The variation of oxygen‐vacancy content with depth may potentially affect the physical properties of bridgmanite and thus affect mantle dynamics.
Distributed strain measurement for pile foundations

Recent advances in strain measurement using optical fibres provide new opportunities for monitoring the performance of piles. Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR) is an innovative technique that allows measurement of full strain profiles using standard optical fibres. Distributed optical fibre strain sensors were installed at two sites, and the details of the installation methods are presented. A theoretical analysis that compares pile behaviour evaluated from localised strain measurement at discrete locations and from distributed strain measurements is conducted for the case of a vertically loaded pile in layered soil. Two problems are considered: a load test aiming to establish the load transfer function, and changes in pile–soil interface stress due to nearby tunnelling. Advantages of such a distributed reading for monitoring the performance of pile foundations in layered soils are demonstrated from the results of both cases. Cost analysis results show that the BOTDR measurement is a cos.
Contrast functions for deterministic blind source separation

Blind source separation (BSS) is often carried out under the assumption that sources are statistically mutually independent, at least in the sense of cumulants of given order. However, this assumption is not mandatory, and can be replaced by some assumption on the source distribution, even if all sources are identically distributed. Contrast functions are optimization criteria that satisfy some identifiability conditions. We define a distance to any discrete constellation, and prove that this family of criteria indeed defines contrast functions. The advantage of such criteria is that they are deterministic, and do not involve the estimation of sample statistics, such as moments or cumulants, hence they have a potentially shorter convergence time.
Mineralogical, Chemical and Physical Study of Potential Buffer and Backfill Materials from ABM Test Package 1

TIIVISTELMÄ LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . 3 1 BACKGROUND . 5 1.1 ABM Test package 1 . 5 1.2 Reference materials . 6 2 SAMPLING . 7 3 METHODS . 9 3.1 Mineralogy . 9 3.1.1 XRD . 9 3.1.2 FTIR . 10 3.2 Exchangeable cations . 10 3.3 Chemical composition . 10 3.3.1 Total chemical composition . 10 3.3.2 Poorly crystalline Fe, Al and Si . 11 3.4 Physical tests . 11 3.4.1 Grain density . 11 3.4.2 Grain size distribution . 12 3.4.3 Specific surface area . 12 3.4.4 Water absorption capacity . 12 3.4. 5 Dry density and EMDD . 12 3.4. 6 Swelling pressure and hydraulic conductivity . 12 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 15 4.1 Mineralogy . 15 4.1.1 XRD . 15 4.1.2 FTIR . 22 4.2 Exchangeable cations . 25 4.3 Chemical composition . 26 4.3.1 Total chemical composition . 26 4.3.2 Poorly crystalline Fe, Al and Si . 27 4.4 Physical tests . 29 4.4.1 Grain density . 29 4.4.2 Grain size distribution . 29 4.4.3 Specific surface area . 31 4.4.4 Water absorption capacity . 31 4.4. 5 Swelling pressure, hydraulic conductivity, dry density and EMDD . 31
Estimation of Tree Carbon Stocks in the Green Open Space of the Faculty of Forestry, Tanjungpura University

The presence of green open space containing vegetation in urban areas plays a vital role in absorbing and storing carbon in biomass. Tanjungpura University (Untan) Pontianak has a green open area in the New Building of the Faculty of Forestry. This study aimed to describe carbon reserves stored in biomass above ground level (vegetation) in green open areas around the New Building of Faculty of Forestry Untan Pontianak. Data were collected using an inventory survey by non-destructive sampling, which includes recording with fully enumerated data collection on the type and diameter of trees with a continuous line plot system. The data were then analyzed using allometric equations to obtain biomass values. The results found as many as 56 species of trees with a total of 558 individuals dominated by Litsea garciae and Hevea brasiliensis. The results showed the amount of carbon stored at the tree level of 59.06 tons/ha (76.18%), pole level of 13.94 tons/ha (17.99%), and sapling level of 4.52 tons/ha (5.83%), with an average carbon stock of 77.52 tons/ha. Thus, the green open area could store 148.53 tons of carbon in tree biomass. Although it is a small area, this peatland ecosystem could accumulate peat in organic soil and its vegetation and should be managed as peatland forests. Therefore, proper management is essential, and hydrology management is needed mainly due to its nature. Keywords: allometric equation, biomass, carbon stocks, green open space
Whitebark Pine Diameter Growth Response to Removal of Competition

Silvicultural cutting treatments may be needed to restore whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests, but little is known of the response of this species to removal of competition through prescribed burning or silvicultural cuttings. We analyzed stem cross-sections from 48 whitebark pine trees in Montana around which most of the competing vegetation was removed by timber harvest treatments. We compared tree ring growth rates before and after the harvest treatment using intervention analysis to determine 1) the potential of release for this little- studied tree species and 2) whether the release is related to tree and stand characteristics. We defined release as a statistically significant increase in radial growth after competing trees were removed. All but one of our 48 sampled trees increased in diameter growth after competition was removed, while 40 trees showed a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in growth. Diameter release was greatest in stands that were dense prior to tree cutting and greatest in old trees with large diameters. Recommendations for appropriate silvicultural cutting are included to aid managers in designing effective restoration treatments.
Optimal fixture parameters considering locator errors

A machining fixture consists of elements such as locators, clamps and supports. Fixture design aims at ensuring workpiece quality by restraining the workpiece in the desired position throughout machining thereby minimising the overall machining error. Workpiece elastic deformation and geometric error of locators are major components of the overall machining error. The effect of geometric error is considerable in certain cases and hence cannot be ignored. For a given error in locators, the geometry related machining error is manifest in the locator layout whereas the workpiece deformation depends on both the layout and the external forces such as clamping and machining forces. Layout of fixturing elements and the applied clamping forces are collectively called fixture parameters. The objective of minimising the total machining error can be achieved by optimising either one or both of these parameters. In this research work both of these parameters are simultaneously optimised using a genetic algorithm (GA). A finite element model of the workpiece fixture system is developed and analysed using commercial finite element software ANSYS®. Elastic deformation of workpiece under machining loads is obtained from the finite element model. MATLAB® based GA is interfaced with ANSYS® for the determination of total machining error and subsequent optimisation with the objective of complying with tolerance requirements on the critical machining feature. Results indicate that the error sources can contribute to the final machining error in varying degrees. The results also underscore the need to consider the entire machining path for optimisation of the fixture parameters.
Optical Molecular Imaging Frontiers in Oncology: The Pursuit of Accuracy and Sensitivity

Cutting-edge technologies in optical molecular imaging have ushered in new frontiers in cancer research, clinical translation, and medical practice, as evidenced by recent advances in optical multimodality imaging, Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI), and optical image-guided surgeries. New abilities allow in vivo cancer imaging with sensitivity and accuracy that are unprecedented in conventional imaging approaches. The visualization of cellular and molecular behaviors and events within tumors in living subjects is improving our deeper understanding of tumors at a systems level. These advances are being rapidly used to acquire tumor-to-tumor molecular heterogeneity, both dynamically and quantitatively, as well as to achieve more effective therapeutic interventions with the assistance of real-time imaging. In the era of molecular imaging, optical technologies hold great promise to facilitate the development of highly sensitive cancer diagnoses as well as personalized patient treatment—one of the ultimate goals of precision medicine.
Overcoming the COVID-19 Pandemic for Dementia Research: Engaging Rural, Older, Racially and Ethnically Diverse Church Attendees in Remote Recruitment, Intervention and Assessment

Background Access to cognitive screening in rural underserved communities is limited and was further diminished during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined whether a telephone-based cognitive screening intervention would be effective in increasing ADRD knowledge, detecting the need for further cognitive evaluation, and making and tracking the results of referrals. Method Using a dependent t-test design, older, largely African American and Afro-Caribbean participants completed a brief educational intervention, pre/post AD knowledge measure, and cognitive screening. Results Sixty of 85 eligible individuals consented. Seventy-percent of the sample self-reported as African American, Haitian Creole, or Hispanic, and 75% were female, with an average age of 70. AD knowledge pre-post scores improved significantly (t (49) = −3.4, p < . 001). Of the 11 referred after positive cognitive screening, 72% completed follow-up with their provider. Five were newly diagnosed with dementia. Three reported no change in diagnosis or treatment. Ninety-percent consented to enrolling in a registry for future research. Conclusion Remote engagement is feasible for recruiting, educating, and conducting cognitive screening with rural older adults during a pandemic.
Estimating climatic temperature change in the ocean with synthetic acoustic apertures

An acoustic tomography simulation is carried out in the eastern North Pacific ocean to assess whether climate trends are better detected and mapped with mobile or fixed receivers. In both cases, acoustic signals from two stationary sources are transmitted to ten receivers. Natural variability of the sound-speed field is simulated with the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) layered-ocean model. A sequential Kalman-Bucy filter is used to estimate the sound speed field, where the a priori error covariance matrix of the parameters is estimated from the NRL model. A spatially homogeneous climate trend is added to the NRL fluctuations of sound speed, but the trend is not parameterized in the Kalman filter. Acoustic travel times are computed between the sources and receivers by combining sound speeds from the NRL model with those from the unparameterized climate trend. The effects of the unparameterized climate trend are projected onto parameters which eventually drift beyond acceptable limits. At that time, the unparameterized trend is detected. Mobile and fixed receivers detect the trend at about the same time. At detection time, however, maps from fixed receivers are less accurate because some of the unparameterized climate trend is projected onto tile spatially varying harmonics of the sound-speed field. With mobile receivers, the synthetic apertures suppress the projection onto these harmonics. Instead, the unparametrized trend is correctly projected onto the spatially homogeneous portion of the parameterized sound-speed field.
The Influence of University Research on Industrial Innovation

We use U.S. patent records to examine the role of research personnel as a pathway for the diffusion of ideas from university to industry. Appearing on a patent assigned to a university is evidence that an inventor has been exposed to university research, either directly as a university researcher or through some form of collaboration with university researchers. Having an advanced degree is another indicator of an inventor's exposure to university research. We find a steady increase in industry's use of inventors with university research experience over the period 1985-97, economy wide and in the pharmaceutical and semiconductor industries in particular. We interpret this as evidence of growth in the influence of university research on industrial innovation. Moreover, during this period we find that firms with large research operations in both industries, and young and highly capitalized firms in the pharmaceutical industry, are disproportionately active in the diffusion of ideas from the university sector. Finally, we find that the patents of firms that employ inventors with university research experience are more likely to cite university patents as prior art, suggesting that this experience better enables firms to tap academic research.
KINEROS2 application for land use/cover change impact analysis at the Hulu Langat Basin, Malaysia

The impacts of land use/cover changes (LUCC) on a developed basin in Malaysia were evaluated. Three storm events in different intensities and durations were required for KINEROS2 (K2) calibration and LUCC impact analysis. K2 validation was performed using three other rainfall events. Calibration results showed excellent and very good fittings for runoff and sediment simulations based on the aggregated measure. Validation results demonstrated that the K2 is reliable for runoff modelling, while K2 application for sediment simulation was only valid for the period 1984–1997. LUCC impacts analysis revealed that direct runoff and sediment discharge increased with the progress of urban development and unmanaged agricultural activities. These observations were supported by the NDVI, landscape and hydrological trend analyses.