Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in type 1 and type 2 diabetes - more common than you think?

Article points 1. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is a condition that is often missed in people with diabetes and gastrointestinal symptoms. 2. The classical symptoms of steatorrhoea and weight loss only tend to occur in people with very severe PEI. More commonly, people will present with loose bowel movements, abdominal discomfort and flatulence. 3. If the individual has symptoms plus a low faecal elastase-1 level, PEI should be suspected and further evaluation of the pancreas may be warranted to exclude other pathological causes. PEI can be readily treated with pancreatic supplements, such as pancrelipase capsules.
Annuity, bequests, fertility and longevity in overlapping generations models

Our thesis has focused on the problem of ageing and by combination of theoretical and numerical methods we were able to show that to insure against the longevity risk, individual decisions are very different from macroeconomic optimal choices. Private annuities may be attractive to some healthy individuals but opening up an annuity market is by no means beneficial to the society. The value of annuities (annuity market) should be examined in a general equilibrium framework, in tandem with bequest motives. We also explored the optimal fertility for the society, which generally does not coincide with individual choices in {it laissez faire}. With Child taxes and intergenerational transfers, however, the government may induce individuals to choose the optimal quantity and quality of children the society needs. After all, with the prevalence of public pension programs, what provides a better insurance to the old generation than a well-educated right-sized population of the next generation?
La coopération militaire franco-allemande et la défense européenne après le brexit

Resume La cooperation militaire europeenne, inscrite dans le cadre de la Politique de securite et de defense commune (PSDC), a connu ces dernieres annees une importante relance. Cet article se propose d'analyser le role majeur joue par la cooperation bilaterale franco-allemande dans l'approfondissement de la cooperation militaire au niveau europeen, en s'appuyant sur un double critere de legitimite et d'efficacite. Apres avoir explore les ressorts historiques, operationnels et symboliques de cette cooperation, l'article interrogera la question de son efficacite au sein de la cooperation militaire europeenne et de la PSDC, en soulevant egalement ses limites recurrentes.
Financial inclusion and poverty: a tale of forty-five thousand households

ABSTRACT Using a new nationally representative survey data covering approximately 45,000 Indian households, we examine the effects of financial inclusion on poverty. We construct a multidimensional indicator of financial inclusion and examine the effects of financial inclusion on multiple measures of poverty including the household Poverty Probability Index (PPI), household deprivation scores, and poverty line. We find that financial inclusion has a strong poverty-reducing effect. This finding is consistent across the different measures of poverty used, and alternative ways of measures financial inclusion. These results underpin the importance of financial inclusion and the need for its promotion across countries.
Перспективы Транскаспийского газопровода

В статье рассмотрены предпосылки и текущая ситуация, складывающаяся вокруг строительства Транскаспийского газопровода (ТКГП). Конвенция о правовом статусе Каспийского моря была подписана в 2018 г. пятью прикаспийскими странами – Россией, Казахстаном, Азербайджаном, Туркменистаном и Ираном, что стало завершением более чем двадцатилетней истории сложных переговоров по разделу акватории и дна Каспия. Автор задается вопросом: смогут ли новые международные договоренности повлиять на сотрудничество государств в отношении перспектив строительства ТКГП?
Oil prices and geopolitical risks: What implications are offered via multi-domain investigations?

This paper firstly investigates the frequency- and time-varying co-movement and causal relationship between crude oil prices (proxied by the West Texas Intermediate, Brent, Dubai and Nigerian Forcados spot oil prices) and geopolitical risks based on the wavelet analysis over the period of 1985–2016. Overall, our results demonstrate significant dynamic co-movement and causality in the varying time–frequency domains. We find high degree of co-movement between geopolitical risks and oil prices at high frequencies (in the short run) for the entire sample period; however, such a correlation does not exist at low frequencies (in the long run) for most of the sample period. We also find distinct patterns of causal relationships between geopolitical risks and oil prices across different benchmark markets. Results are robust when we control for global economic outlook. Our findings provide valuable implications for policy makers and oil market investors based on the dynamic relationship between geopolitical risks and oil prices.
Assessment of ISO 9001: 2015 implementation: focus on risk management approach requirements compliance in an automotive company

The ISO 9001: 2015 incorporated requirements for risk-management approach in its most recent version as part of the assured quality concept evolution. In this context, the research aims to analyse if an organisation has practices implemented to meet the requirements associated with the risk management to enable ISO 9001: 2015 implementation and certification. To accomplish this, a case-based research was adopted at an automotive company. The research results indicated that risk management approach is part of the culture at the analysed company and is already being addressed in some of the organisation’s processes, among which are the product development process, supply chain management, and machine and equipment management. The paper also suggests a checklist for assessing the ISO 9001: 2015 risk management requirements compliance, which can be used as a framework for future research replication, including different segments of the industry, as well.
Exploring the Role of Limited Commitment Constraints in Argentina's "Missing Capital"

We study why capital accumulation in Argentina was slow in the 1990s and 2000s, despite high productivity growth and low international interest rates. We show that limited commitment constraints introduce two mechanisms. First, the response of investment to a total factor productivity increase is muted and short-lived, while the response to a decrease is large and persistent. Second, unlike in a first-best economy, low international interest rates may reduce capital accumulation, because they increase the relevance of future commitment constraints. A quantitative implementation of the model economy shows that the two mechanisms are quantitatively important for the dynamics of Argentina’s capital accumulation. The model accounts for between 50% and 85% of the capital missing from Argentina in the two decades mentioned above, relative to what it would be in the absence of the limited commitment frictions.
Understanding Movement into Poverty and Poverty Persistence over Time

ABSTRACT Family’s financial well-being has significant impacts on child well-being. Movement into poverty and persistence of poverty over time may have significant consequences for child development. Using logistic regression with data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, we examined predictors of entry into poverty or poverty persistence over time. Having higher income and working more weeks at child age 3 were associated with lower odds of being in the downward mobility/poverty persistence group. These findings suggest that helping parents gain access to secure employment is critical for movement out of poverty and preventing movement into poverty.
Attitude to Exercise in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia

Introduction: It is undeniable that exercise is a fundamental aspect of people’s lives and an important component of antenatal care. However, there is evidence, which suggests that, pregnant women are afraid to participate in physical exercise because they fear that exercise would negatively influence their health and pregnancy. Pregnant women are encouraged to continue exercising during pregnancy because more often than not it is beneficial for both mother and fetus. We explored the attitude of pregnant women attending antenatal care at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka Zambia to exercise and considered whether their level of knowledge, number of pregnancies, educational level and cultural background had an influence on their exercising or not during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional and exploratory in design. Descriptive statistics were employed for data summaries. Association of factors was tested using the chi-square test while the level of significance was set at 5%. Results: Three hundred pregnant women participated in the survey; the mean age was 29.4 years (SD 4.29). Majority of the participants 93% (n=279) attached a favourable attitude to exercising during pregnancy while 7% had an unfavourable attitude. The pregnant women’s level of knowledge on exercise had a significant relationship (p-value <.0001) to their attitude towards exercise. Significant relationships were observed between attitude to exercise in the pregnant women and the number of pregnancies (p-value 0.001), educational level (p-value <.0001) and cultural background (p-value <.0001). Conclusions: Majority of pregnant women in Zambia have a favourable attitude to exercise during pregnancy. However, they do not know the specific antenatal exercises they should do. Instead, they practise general physical activities of daily living (ADLs) such as walking and performing household chores during pregnancy. This highlights the need for integration of Physiotherapy personnel in antenatal care programmes so as to give appropriate information, education and communication on the ideal exercise activities to pregnant women attending antenatal clinics.
Monetary Policy and Systemic Risk-taking in the Euro Area Banking Sector

Abstract Available empirical evidence on the significance of the (micro) risk-taking channel of monetary policy is not enough to indicate a threat to financial stability. Evidence of risk-taking with systemic risk implications is necessary. Statistical measures that capture systemic risk in all its forms within a structural factor-augmented vector autoregressive model suggest that conventional and unconventional monetary policies have resulted in systemic risk-taking in the euro area banking sector. Systemic risk has taken the form of an increase in the banking sector’s vulnerability via contagion and interconnectedness. Banks’ balance sheets, however, do not account for the full transmission from (micro) risk taking to systemic risk-taking. The main policy implication is that a persistently accommodative monetary policy may drive a monetary authority with a price stability mandate to consider a possible trade-off with financial stability. At a minimum, coordination between monetary and macro-prudential policies requires serious consideration.
Analysis of Political Economy of Media Towards Women in Talkshow Television Program

This study aimed to explain and criticize women exploitation in mass media on television, particularly in reality show. Women often served as a capitalism commodity whom described as a fulfilment of the economic interests in media. The critical paradigm was used as a basis to examine and criticize women's reality as ‘television media industry logic’. This research used Political Economy Theory of Media offered by Vincent Mosco including the commodification of content, audiences, and labors that concerned on concept of feminism which often views women as a tool of exploitation only in media business, particularly in television. The research method used was a case study regarding the technical media of feminist. The data was obtained by conducting interviews and observation from which could be criticized that media was still in ease to use 'women' as a form of media commodity as a fragile creature, but women today stayed survive and enjoyed such experience. Moreover, the audiences were also geared towards such shows because in which described ‘the powerless women’, the victim of a man’s affair, and yet stayed great for being able to manage her patience for the sake of 'child'. While the commodification of labor had illustrated that television employees worked beyond the working hours and as the interests of media owners, especially when the program was in demand. Thus, as professional workers and had sufficient rational awareness, media workers remained subject to the interests of media owners and capital.
Greening the supply chain: an empirical study

ABSTRACT This article examines the notion of green supply chain management (GSCM) in the New Zealand business context. Despite the increasing significance of the GSCM approach at the global level, there is a paucity of empirical research that explores GSCM within the New Zealand business context. This study intends to bridge the gap in the literature by investigating the GSCM practices adopted by New Zealand based companies. To this end, a sample of 23 companies was selected and 29 interviews were conducted with senior corporate managers. The results revealed that most interviewees’ companies were proactive in improving their mid-stream GSCM performance, but the same enthusiasm was not manifested at the upstream and downstream supply chain levels. Hence, we argue that companies need to recognise and embrace the holistic nature of GSCM and promote collaborative supply chain activities to realise improvements in environmental, economic and operational performance.
The Role of Statistical Evidence in Civil Cases

Civil cases outnumber criminal cases in federal courts, and statistical evidence has become more important in a wide variety of them. In contrast to science, which is concerned with general phenomena, legal cases concern one plaintiff or a class of plaintiffs and replication of the events that led to the case is not possible. This review describes the legal process, the way statistics are used in several types of cases, and the criteria courts use in evaluating the reliability of statistical testimony. Several examples of courts’ misinterpreting statistical analyses are presented. Commonly occurring issues in the statistical analysis of stratified data, the use of regression analysis, and the use of epidemiologic estimates of relative risk are described. Hopefully, this review will encourage statisticians to engage with the legal system and develop better ways of communicating the results of studies so they receive the evidentiary weight they deserve.
From Hospitality Classrooms to Successful Careers: A Current Appraisal of Australian International Hotel Requirements

ABSTRACT Hospitality higher education institutions struggle to ensure students’ learning outcomes are relevant to the requirements of workplaces. Therefore, it is important that these institutions begin to close the gap between the skills that students graduate with, and the skills the industry requires. This paper examines the curriculum and pedagogic requirements that contribute to beneficial graduate outcomes for Australian hotel management students. Specifically, the study seeks to identify the necessary competencies that make hotel management graduates more employable and achieve successful careers in the contemporary Australian hotel industry. Key findings from this study highlight the importance of “soft skills” and the need for hotel managers to possess sound leadership, communication, customer service, people, and financial capabilities. To inform this study, a range of Australian hotel managers are used as research participants and the outcomes appraise, advance and potentially reposition hotel management curriculum in Australia.
The Impact of Corporate Governance on Corruption Disclosure in European Listed Firms through the Implementation of Directive 2014/95/EU

The publication of Directive 2014/95/EU represents an important milestone related to the disclosure of non-financial information. This fact together with the role of the corporate governance guide firms towards achieving of an ethical, transparent, and responsible behavior. To contribute towards the understanding of this issue, this study investigates the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and corporate social responsibility disclosure, namely, in corruption aspects relating to Directive 2014/95/EU. In so doing, a multiple regression analysis was carried out on a panel data sample of 198 European listed firms that are part of the EuroStoxx 200 index, in a studied period from 2014 to 2017. The findings reveal that outside directors and CEO duality impact positively and significantly on corruption disclosure. Therefore, this paper contributes to the existing research on corporate social responsibility disclosure, specifically, to the corruption disclosure literature by studying the corporate governance mechanisms that enhance these practices.
Accidental tourists? A cognitive exploration of serendipitous internationalisation

A substantial body of work views initial foreign market entries (FMEs) as intentional and deliberately planned by proactive decision-makers. However, research suggests that FMEs may also occur serendipitously. We take an international opportunity recognition (IOR) perspective and focus on the cognitive underpinnings of serendipitous internationalisation processes associated with six ventures. We highlight differences in the causal logics of decision-makers and cognitive attributes that, in the process of updating causal logics, create oscillations between serendipitous and subsequent planned FMEs. We also explain when and why an effectuation logic is more likely to be employed. We extend research on IOR by elaborating a dynamic interaction between planned and unplanned cognition that provides new insights into how cognitive processes facilitate opportunity recognition.
Essays in health and labor economics

This dissertation focuses on how changes in public policies have the ability to affect the consumption and nutrition of consumers through changes in product prices and quality. In the first chapter, I examine price pass-through and changes in quality at restaurants in response to an increase in minimum wage. In the second chapter, I examine changes in prices among retailers and restaurants in response to the largest tax on sugar sweetened beverages in the U.S. In the third chapter, I examine changes in nutrition and the labor market effects on the aging population in response to bans on trans fatty acids in food away from home establishments. In the first chapter, I investigate the responses of the restaurant industry to increases in the minimum wage. I construct a novel panel dataset based on online restaurant menus that allows me to analyze a full suite of potential margins of response including prices, quality, the number and types of items offered, hours of operation, and exit. I find that prices rise 0.3% to 0.8% in response to a 10% increase in the minimum wage. These results are consistent with previous estimates in the literature, as well as what is predicted by the textbook model of competitive factor markets and monopolistically competitive firms. Building on this, I then extend the literature to more broadly understand the price passthrough as well as provide the first estimates of responses on quality. I find heterogeneity in pass through across restaurant characteristics, with higher pass-through among small firms, and lower pass-through for restaurants near the border of a minimum wage policy region. At the menu item level, pass-through is higher for specific types of items, such
Why So Secretive? Unpacking Public Attitudes toward Secrecy and Success in US Foreign Policy

To what extent does transparency in foreign policy making matter to democratic publics? Scholars and policy makers posit a normative commitment to transparency in the conduct of foreign affairs, an assumption baked into many existing models of international politics. This article tests the existence of a “transparency norm” in international security using three original survey experiments about covert action. I recover attitudes toward covert operations by holding the circumstances and outcomes of conflicts constant and manipulating whether foreign involvement was kept secret from the American public. Then, I unpack an “ends” and “means” trade-off by exploring whether there are conditions under which secrecy in national security is unacceptable to the public, regardless of policy outcomes. The findings demonstrate that democratic publics have only a weak preference for transparency: they care substantially more about the outcomes of US foreign policy rather than the process by which the policy was created.
Korupsi, Indikator Makro Ekonomi, dan IPM terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan di Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui factor-faktor penyebab tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia, baik dampak positif maupun negative. Terdapat tiga indicator utama yang digunakan untuk melihat seberapa besar dampak masing-masing indikator terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia. Ketiga indikator tersebut di wakili oleh variable-variabel ; IPM (Indeks Pembangunan Manusia), Korupsi (jumlah terpidana kasus korupsi) dan indicator makroekonomi (inflasi, PDRB per kapita, jumlah penduduk (sebagai variable control)). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode panel data, yang terdiri dari data tahun (2009-2013) dan data propinsi di Indonesia (28 propinsi). Model kemiskinan di Indonesia dapat dijelaskan melalui model Fixed Effect GLS setelah melalui uji pemilihan model terbaik dan uji pelanggaran asumsi klasik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari tiga indikator penyebab tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia, hanya variable PDRB per kapita secara statistik tidak signifikan pengaruhnya terhadap tingkat kemiskinan. Factor-faktor lainnya dapat menjelaskan pengaruhnya terhadap tingkat kemiskinan secara signifikan. Terdapat dua pengaruh, yakni positif dan negative. Factor yang mampu menurunkan tingkat kemiskinan di propinsi-propinsi Indonesia adalah IPM (semakin besar pengaruhnya di propinsi luar Sumatera dan Jawa-Bali), inflasi dan jumlah penduduk. Hanya variable korupsi yang berdampak positif terhadap meningkatnya tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia. Perlu peran aktif pemerintah dalam mewujudkan program pengentasan kemiskinan melalui pembangunan manusia di seluruh propinsi Indonesia.
Les écarts de salaires entre régions s'expliquent surtout par la structure des emplois

En 1998, le salaire horaire net des prélèvements à la source est de 63 F pour un salarié du secteur privé ou semi-public. L’écart de salaire moyen entre hommes et femmes est d’environ 20%. Un cadre est payé 2,5 fois plus qu’un ouvrier. Dans certains secteurs, les salaires sont très supérieurs à la moyenne : recherche-développement, production de combustibles et de carburants, conseil-assistance. Les salaires sont par contre les plus bas dans les services personnels, l’hôtellerie-restauration, et le commerce de détail. Toutes choses égales par ailleurs, l’écart résiduel de salaire entre hommes et femmes est réduit à 12%, l’effet « cadre » n’apporte plus que 75% de bonus par rapport au salaire d’un ouvrier, le salaire horaire du temps partiel est équivalent à celui du temps complet et les écarts de salaire entre régions sont faibles. Seule l’Île-de-France se distingue par un effet propre dépassant 10%.