Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KIF21A influences breast cancer metastasis and survival

Breast cancer pathogenesis is known to be propagated by the differential expression of a group of proteins called the Kinesin Superfamily (KIFs), which are instrumental in the intracellular transport of chromosomes along microtubules during mitosis. During mitosis, KIFs are strictly regulated through temporal synthesis so that they are only present when needed. However, their misregulation may contribute to uncontrolled cell growth due to premature sister chromatid separation, highlighting their involvement in tumorigenesis. One particular KIF, KIF21A, was recently found to promote the survival of human breast cancer cells in vitro. However, how KIF21A influences other cancerous phenotypes is currently unknown. This study therefore aimed to consolidate the in vitro role of KIF21A in breast cancer metastasis, while also analysing KIF21A expression in human breast cancer tissue to determine its prognostic value. This was achieved by silencing KIF21A in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines via siRNA transfection. Migration, invasion, proliferation, and adhesion assays were then performed to measure the effects of KIF21A silencing on oncogenic behaviour. Immunohistochemistry was also conducted in 263 breast cancer tissue samples to compare KIF21A expression levels against various prognostic outcomes and clinicopathological parameters. KIF21A knockdown reduced cell migration (by 42.8% [MCF-7] and 69.7% [MDA-MB-231]) and invasion (by 72.5% [MCF-7] and 42.5% [MDA-MB-231]) in both cell lines, but had no effect on adhesion or proliferation, suggesting that KIF21A plays an important role in the early stages of breast cancer metastasis. Unexpectedly however, KIF21A was shown to negatively correlate with various pro-malignant clinicopathological parameters, including tumour size and histological grade, and high KIF21A expression predicted better breast cancer survival (hazard ratio = 0.45), suggesting that KIF21A is a tumour suppressor. The conflicting outcomes of in vitro and in vivo data may be due to the possible multi-functionality of KIF21A or study limitations, and means no definitive conclusions can be drawn about the role of KIF21A in breast cancer. This warrants further investigation, which may prove pivotal to the development of novel chemotherapeutic strategies to mediate KIF21A’s function and enhance prognostic outcomes.
The interaction effect and optimal formulation of selected polyherbal extracts towards antioxidant activity

Past study showed that lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), curry leaves (Murrya koenigii), turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) contain phytochemicals associated with antioxidant properties. However, all the herbs are tested individually and rarely mix together. This study was conducted to examine the antioxidant properties and interaction effect when combined. The plants studied were decocted with distilled water. Eighteen formulations of aqueous extracts were established using simplex lattice mixture design that was generated by Design Expert software. The antioxidant properties were analyzed by 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) assays. The result showed that the mixture of lemongrass and curry leaves extracts gave the highest reading in DPPH assay (91.14%), FRAP assay (215.66 mM) and TFC (22.62 μg Rutin/mL). In the DPPH assay, the ratio of one to one (1:1) mixture of lemongrass with other plants extracts showed antagonistic interaction. There were five (5) formulations that showed synergistic interaction in all assays. However, there were two (2) formulations that showed antagonistic interactions on both DPPH and FRAP assays. No additive effect was observed in all formulations. The suggested optimum formulation contains 53.7% lemongrass, 43.4% curry leaves, 2.9% ginger and 0.0% turmeric. Most of the mixtures presented synergistic interactions. This indicated the potential of plant extract mixtures to be developed into nutraceutical products in the future by conducting in-vivo study.
Artificial Intelligence, Education, and Entrepreneurship

We document an unprecedented brain drain of Artificial Intelligence (AI) professors from universities from 2004 to 2018. We find that students from the affected universities establish fewer AI startups and raise less funding. The brain‐drain effect is significant for tenured professors, professors from top universities, and deep‐learning professors. Additional evidence suggests that unobserved city‐ and university‐level shocks are unlikely to drive our results. We consider several economic channels for the findings. The most consistent explanation is that professors' departures reduce startup founders' AI knowledge, which we find is an important factor for successful startup formation and fundraising.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT GYMNASTICS TRAININGS ON BODY COMPOSITION AND SOME PERFORMANCE COMPONENTS IN ADULT MALE NON-GYMNASTS

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of artistic and trampoline gymnastics training on body composition and some of the physical fitness components in adult non-gymnasts. Forty-eight adult non-gymnasts were randomly assigned to three groups: a trampoline gymnastics group (TG) (n = 16), an artistic gymnastics group (AG) (n = 16), and a control group (CG) (n = 16). Two of the group except the CG performed different gymnastics training, including artistic and trampoline gymnastics twice a week during 12 weeks. The control group performed only a warm-up exercise twice a week along the study. To determine the effects of each gymnastics training on body composition, Y dynamic balance test that including six postural tasks, vertical jump, standing long jump and two different flexibility tests, were performed before and after the study for all groups. The AG and TG were significantly (p<0,05) improved when it comes to all bio-motor abilities in adult non-gymnasts after 12 weeks of training. But the trampoline gymnastics exercises may be seen to be more efficient compared to the artistic gymnastics exercises. The trampoline exercises may be recommended as an alternative mode of exercise for improving bio-motor abilities.
Inventarisasi Jenis Tumbuhan Pangan Lokal pada Masyarakat Ambaidiru Distrik Kosiwo, Kabupaten Yapen Waropen

This study had aim to explore plant species which were used as local food by Ambaidiru people, which part of the plant and how they used, also what species that have been cultivated. This reseach was done from April – June 2007 using survey methods. The result showed that there were 54 species consist of 36 families of locally food source. Among them, 16 species categorized as fruit, 14 species as vegetable, and 5 species as fiber. Most of them were introduced species (74.1%), while the rest (25,9%) were local species, i.e. Passiflora foetida L. (Passifloraceae) and Pometia pinnata (Sapindaceae). Introduced plant species mostly have been cultivated by the local people. This was result of the long term cultural interaction between local people and the invader. Key words: local food plant, Ambaidiru people, Yapen Waropen
First report of Pepper yellow vein Mali virus associated with pepper yellow vein disease in Cote d'Ivoire

In Mali (Zhou et al ., 2008) and Burkina Faso (Tiendrebeogo et al ., 2008), pepper yellow vein disease (PYVD) is associated with the African monopartite begomovirus Pepper yellow vein Mali virus (PepYVMLV). In January 2012 and August…
Microbiological Spectrum and Susceptibility Pattern of Clinical Isolates from Children Suspected of Urinary Tract Infection, Visiting Kanti Childrens Hospital, Maharajgung, Kathmandu

Background: The present study analyzes the clinical profile, identifies the pathogenic distribution and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in childhood urinary tract infections in order to provide standard reference for the optimal use of antibiotics in Nepal. Methods: A hospital based cross section study was conducted among children suspected of urinary tract infection in Kanti Children’s Hospital over a period of six months from August 2012 to November 2012. A total of 1890both sexes, ranging from post natal period to 14 years of age were studied. The modes of presentation, laboratory investigation reports, which included urine routine microscopy, bacterial isolation with colony count from urine culture, antibiotic sensitivity pattern and multidrug resistant profile, were documented. Data were analyzed by the Chi Square Test. Results: Among 1890 urine samples, 300(15.88%) showed culture positive result: 256 gram negative organisms and 44 gram positive organisms. Among the positive growth samples 144(48%) were male patients and 156(52%) were female patients. ; Escherichia coli was most common organisms isolated (52.33%), followed by Klebsiella spp (17.33%), Staphylococcus aureus(14%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.33%), Proteus spp (3.67%), Citrobacter spp (3%), Acinetobacter spp(1.66%), Enterobacter spp and Hafnia alvei (1.33%), Streptococcus spp (0.66%) and Salmonella paratyphi B(0.33%). Nitrofurantoin was found to have the highest sensitivity (71.67%) amongst most bacteria. Amikacin, Norfloxacin and Gentamicin had sensitivity of 69%, 61.71% and 61.67% respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 100% sensitive to Tobramycin, Piperacillin and Imipenem. Though sensitivity to Vancomycin was tested to 44 cases it was 100% sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus fecalis. Highest degree of resistance was noted with Ceftazidime (64%), Ofloxacin (61.33%), Ampicillin (60%), ciprofloxacin (55.67%), Cotrimoxazole (52%), Gentamicin (38.33%), Amikacin (28%) and
The ‘Tully Monster’ is not a vertebrate: characters, convergence and taphonomy in Palaeozoic problematic animals

The affinity of Tullimonstrum gregarium, a pincer‐mouthed, soft bodied bilaterian, has been subject to debate since its recovery from Carboniferous coal deposits at Mazon Creek, Illinois. After decades of impasse focused on mollusc, arthropod and annelid attributes, two recent, yet conflicting, high‐profile studies concluded that the ‘Tully Monster’ is a vertebrate, a relative of lampreys or jawed fishes. Here, we find that structures described as supporting vertebrate, and particularly crown vertebrate, affinity face significant challenges from biological, functional and taphonomic perspectives. Problems with comparator choice, interpretation of taphonomic processes at Mazon Creek and estimation of convergence within the bilaterian tree may have misled these recent studies, leading to conclusions which do not accommodate current understanding of the vertebrate record. For example, the absence of taphonomically‐expected synapomorphies in Tullimonstrum (e.g. otic capsules, body pigment) calls into question vertebrate identity and implies that convergence or deeper origins are responsible for vertebrate‐like traits. Further, phylogenetic placement within vertebrates is only made possible by the constraints of a chordate‐only dataset with limited outgroups and use of selective characters. Long‐discussed alternative placements among molluscs (e.g. heteropod gastropods), arthropods (e.g. anomalocarids) or elsewhere within non‐vertebrate deuterostomes are more congruent. Indeed, many of these lineages independently evolved vertebrate‐like traits, including complex eyes and ‘teeth’. Thus, given the totality of evidence, Tullimonstrum should be excluded from the vertebrate crown. Potential assignments for aberrant bilaterians, common throughout the Palaeozoic fossil record, need to be considered in light of the number and likelihood of required exceptions to established schemes.
Comparative research in the digital competence of the pre-service education teacher: face-to-face vs blended education and gender

To evaluate the digital competence of pre-service teacher, three sub-scales must be considered: attitude, knowledge and use. However, the degree of acquisition may vary depending on different variables. The main objective of this research is to find out the level of digital competence of university students based on these three sub-scales, and, as secondary objectives, to find out whether any differences exist in relation to students’ educational modality and gender. A non-experimental design has been used (ex post facto) with a sample of 675 students from the Pontifical University of Salamanca. The results revealed that the level of digital competence of the pre-service education teacher is medium, with no significant differences in gender. However, differences were found in the Blended Learning modality.
Patch Dynamics Inform Management Decisions in a Threatened Frog Species

Using a variety of techniques, we tracked dispersing juvenile and migrating adult Crawfish Frogs (Lithobates areolatus) to determine how these movements produce the relatively high degree of interconnectivity we previously found among breeding wetlands at Hillenbrand Fish and Wildlife Area-West (HFWA-W) in southwestern Indiana. We found that newly metamorphosed juveniles disperse in all directions, with average daily movements between 27 m (2015) and 35 m (2011) and maximum daily movements of 114 m (2011) and 297 m (2015). When placed in artificial burrows, juveniles tended to abandon them in order to continue dispersing. Of the 196 juveniles produced at Nate's Pond and subsequently captured as breeding adults, 141 (71.9%) returned to Nate's; the remainder dispersed to five other breeding wetlands, including one that was 1.35 km away. Adults were also vagile. At Nate's, only 137 (50.6%) of the 271 adults that bred there from 2012–2016 were produced there. Further, of the 255 Crawfish Frog adults breeding at least twice, 57 (22.4%) were captured at different wetlands. As a component of a comprehensive management plan that considers juvenile Crawfish Frogs, we suggest minimizing summertime aboveground disturbance through the use of mowers, all-terrain vehicles, trucks, and heavy equipment. Plowed areas such as food plots should be narrow and placed in a radial pattern in relation to breeding wetlands to preclude juveniles crossing tangentially oriented areas of bare ground, which expose them to predators.
An ablation approach to identifying functionally speciﬁc units from deep neural networks trained on object recognition

Areas of the visual cortex respond to broad categories of objects (e.g. animate vs. inanimate objects). Ground truth for the speciﬁcity of function in these regions is established by lesioning the area in question. We seek to provide evidence of the representation of similar broad object categories in deep neural networks (DNNs) pre-trained on ImageNet. Prior neural network ablation studies have shown that single-unit and unit-pair ablations can negatively affect the overall performance of a model. However, selecting multiple units that interact as a functionally-speciﬁc group is challenging. To do so, we borrow an approach from the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data in which we cluster units based on the similarity of their functional activation. We begin by clustering DNN units based on similarity in their average responses, then ablate each cluster and measure the speciﬁcity of the resulting performance deﬁcit. These cluster ablation studies identiﬁed groups of units with performance deﬁcits speciﬁc to the animate and inanimate objects with a differential effect of up to 66% in the test data set. Clusters of inanimate-speciﬁc units have similar activation proﬁles and are more prominent in later layers, similar to ﬁndings from neuroscience. Clusters of animate-speciﬁc units are also more common in later layers but show more distributed patterns of activation. This result provides evidence of groups of units in DNNs that are functionally selective for some broad image categories. We note that a similar approach could also be used to improve computational performance, through targeted pruning, and to remove bias from pre-trained artiﬁcial neural networks.
Formação de professores a distância para o uso de jogos digitais na escola: mudanças na prática pedagógica? (Professional development for the use of digital games in schools: changes in the pedagogical practice?)

Digital games integrated into pedagogical practice can result in a more engaging, contextualized and active learning. However, it is essential to offer education for the teachers ensuring contributions to the teaching and learning process. Therefore, an e-learning course on digital games directed to teachers was analyzed to evaluate if the education process favored the effective integration of digital games in school contexts. The study is characterized as a field survey with quantitative and qualitative approach accomplished with undergraduates after one year of the conclusion of the course. The results revealed that factors such as time spent playing and time experience did not indicate a significant effect on the scores related to pedagogical practices, and only the educational level could be associated to the scores of pedagogical practices with games after the course. It was observed the increase in the frequency that teachers use digital games in their pedagogical practices and a significant difference among the practices performed by teachers before and after the course. The conclusion is that there is strong evidence that the educational process caused changes in pedagogical practices, reinforcing the importance of policies and investments in teacher professional development.
The effect of maternal exposure to methamphetamine during pregnancy and lactation period on hippocampal neurons apoptosis in rat offspring

Abstract Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive stimulant. The effect of maternal exposure of METH on apoptosis in rat hippocampus was evaluated. Wistar rats were randomly divided into: 1&2) Rats were given METH during pregnancy or breastfeeding (5 mg/kg i.p.), 3&4) Rats injected with normal saline and 5&6) Rats served as control. TUNEL method was used to evaluate apoptotic cells. Mean number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased in CA1, CA3 and DG regions. The CA1 field was significantly improved in the experimental pregnancy and breastfeeding groups. The study showed that METH causes apoptosis in all three hippocampal fields, especially CA1 region.
Gamogenetic Forms of Evadne tergestina CLAUS (Branchiopoda, Cladocera) of the Inland Sea of Japan

瀬戸内海中央部,備後灘・燧灘における海産枝角類トゲナシエボシミジンコ(Evadne tergestina CLAUS)の有性生殖個体について,従来の報告よりもやや詳しく再記載した。 成体オスには1対の精巣があり,輸精管を経て1対の陰茎に終る。 第1胸脚内枝末端の刺毛は鋭く反曲した小鉤に変形し,その腹側にある2本の刺毛も強い鎌状剛毛に変形している。 有性生殖メスは1個の大きい球形の耐久卵(休眠卵)をもち,尾爪背後方に育房に通ずる生殖孔(膣)の開口がある。 これらの特徴はPodonidaeに属する他種について従来記載された点とほぼ類似しているが,若干の差も認められる。 1973年9月本水域の数定点における本種の個体群全体中に占める有性生殖個体の出現率は2. 7-23.3%の範囲にあり,そのうちオスが2. 2-12.5%,耐久卵保有メスは0-12.4%であって,場所によりその出現率にかなりの差のあることが見出された。 なお耐久卵の生産は大型のメスによって行なわれる傾向が認められる。
Correlations between Gene Resistant Markers and Second-Line Anti-TB Drug Resistance in Pre-XDR and XDR-TB Patients

Background: Extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a serious problem in public health and XDR-TB patients usually develop from multi-drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and pre-XDR-TB. The rapid molecular test for drug susceptibility testing (DST) can be used for early detection to prevent XDR-TB. Methods: We examined 34 clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) isolates from MDR/XDR-TB patients in the upper north of Thailand that were identified with drug susceptibility profiles by indirect agar proportion method from 2005-2012. Our study investigated the genetic mutations in gyrA for ofloxacin resistance and rrs for kanamycin resistance. The genetic mutations and drug susceptibility test results were analyzed using the exact test. Results: The majority of the ofloxacin resistance was detected in gyrA 21, gyrA 70, gyrA 87, gyrA 102, gyrA 162, and gyrA 187 were at 0%, 12.5%, 37.5%, 0%, 50.0% and 25.0% sensitivity, respectively, and at 96.2, 96.2%, 20.1%, 96.2%, 57.7% and 61.5% specificity, respectively. Kanamycin resistance was found in rrs 512, rrs 241, rrs 223, rrs 414 and rrs 408 at 16.7%, 0%, 0%, 16.7% and 16.7% sensitivity, respectively, and at 96.4%, 92.9%, 82.1%, 82.1% and 71.4% specificity, respectively. This study found no significant correlation between gyrA mutations and ofloxacin resistance and also no correlation between the rrs gene and kanamycin resistance. Conclusion: These primer sequences and PCR products in our study such as gyrA and rrs might be unsuitable to detect ofloxacin and kanamycin resistance in the upper north of Thailand.
Effect of Solvents on Phytochemical Concentrations and Antioxidant Activity of Garcinia benthamiana Stem Bark Extracts

ABSTRACT The effect of solvents of various polarities (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol) on phytochemical concentrations and antioxidant activities of stem bark of Garcinia benthamiana were examined. A medium polar solvent, ethyl acetate, was the most efficient in extracting the phenolic components from G. benthamiana, followed by methanol. The ethyl acetate extract had high total phenolic concentrations and scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. Both the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts had strong reducing power and moderate ferrous ion chelating ability and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching.
Relative Efficacy, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), Tomato.

Field experiment conducted on relative efficacy of nine different insecticides against H. armigera (Hubner) in tomato during year 2012-13 revealed that all the nine insecticides were significantly superior to untreated control in reducing H. armigera infestation. However, flubendiamide 0.004 per cent recorded minimum larval population (0.43 larva/plant) and 10.09 per cent fruit damage on weight basis than the remaining treatments which was identical with chlorantraniliprole 0.0055 per cent (0.58 larva/plant and 10.62 % fruit damage) and spinosad 0.0068 per cent (0.68 larva/plant and 11.34 % fruit damage). Higher marketable yield recorded from treatments of flubendiamide 0.004 per cent chlorantraniliprole 0.0055 per cent and spinosad 0.0068 per cent with 25.21, 24.84 and 22.20 tonnes/ha, respectively.
Biogeographic and taxonomic revision of the trainbearers Lesbia (Trochilidae), with the description of two new subspecies

Basierend auf Verbreitung und Gefiedermorphologie werden die Biogeografie und Taxonomie der weitverbreiteten andinen Kolibrigattung Lesbia LESSON, 1833 untersucht. Gegenwärtig werden zwei Arten anerkannt, die Schwarzschwanz-Lesbia (L. victoriae) und die Grünschwanz-Lesbia (L. nuna). Aufgrund geografischer Variation in der Schwanzfärbung und den biometrischen Merkma­ len bei L. nuna erscheint aber die taxonomische Trennung von Goulds Lesbia (L. gouldii) gerechtfertigt. Die Typusexemplare von »Lesbia eucharis«, die bisher als Unterart von L. nuna mit Verbreitungsgebiet in Huänuco, Zentralperu, angesehen wurden, stammen aus den Nordanden und repräsentieren wahrscheinlich Hyb­ riden von L. goiddii x L. victoriae. Die zentralperuanische Population von Goulds Lesbia sollte daher als neue Unterart, L. gouldii huallagae subsp. nov., geführt werden. Sie ist durch eine stark bronzegrüne Färbung und die weißlichen Fran­ sen im Bauchgefieder der Männchen gekennzeichnet. Als weiteres neues Taxon wird L. gouldii aureliae subsp. nov. von Südecuador beschrieben, charakterisiert durch eine goldbronzene Färbung des Grundgefieders. Die vorliegende Studie bestätigt zudem die taxonomische Eigenständigkeit von L. nuna boliviana und L. gouldii (früher nuna) gracilis, während die Validität von L. victoriae aequatorialis nicht durch morphometrische Merkmale gestützt wird. Morphologische Ähn­ lichkeiten (Weibchengefieder, Schwanzmuster, Körpermaße) deuten eine enge Verwandtschaft von Lesbia mit den Kleinschnabelkolibris (Ramphomicron) und dem Sapphokolibri (Sappho sparganura) an.