Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cosmetic surgery advertising exposure, attitudes toward the surgery and surgeons, and perceptions of the advertisement features

ABSTRACT Introduction: Empirical research on cosmetic surgery advertisements is scarce, in spite of their increasing visibility and ensuing ethical controversies. In the current study, the effects of cosmetic surgery advertising on perceived benefits, risks, acceptance of cosmetic surgery and attitudes toward cosmetic surgeons were examined. Additionally, audience perceptions about the information utility of 27 common elements of cosmetic surgery advertisements were inquired. Method: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 343 college students. Results: Exposure to cosmetic surgery advertisements was positively related to perceived benefits and surgery intention, but not related to perceived risk. Compared with doctors in general, cosmetic surgeons were trusted less, though exposure to cosmetic surgery advertisements improved some perceptions about cosmetic surgeons. Among the 27 elements examined, surgeon's education and training, price, financing options, before-and-after photos of patients, patient testimonials, surgeries/procedures available, risks of surgeries/procedures, hygiene-related practices, medical emergency preparedness, and consultation information were rated as helpful. Rated as not helpful were surgeon's portrait photos, office staff photos, highly attractive model photos, after-only photos of actual patients, and celebrity cosmetic surgery information. There were also differences in the evaluation of the 27 elements based on the level of cosmetic surgery advertising exposure and perceived risk. Conclusions: The findings justify marketing efforts of cosmetic surgeons. At the same time, the evaluation of cosmetic surgery advertising elements revealed many areas of confusion among consumers and thus warrants further research and education.
DGS Inspired Microstrip Antenna Array for Improved Radiation Properties

A simple, easy and flexible Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is proposed for rectangular arrays and demonstrated theoretically in here with the aim of achieving suppression of cross polarization resulting improved polarization purity in radiated fields. The employed DGS appears to be highly efficient in terms of suppressing Cross Polarization especially in H-plane. A [2×2] array has been designed having aspect ratio of 1.3 and showing 14 dB enhancement in the segregation between the co-polarization to cross-polarization dissemination with improved impedance Bandwidth.
Comparison of safety and efficacy between total endoscopic resection and conventional open surgery for malignant thyroid tumors: a meta-analysis

Background Endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET) has been widely accepted as a surgical option for benign thyroid lesions, yet remains controversial in the treatment of malignant thyroid because of concerns with the safety and efficacies. This paper aims at systematically evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of ET in malignant thyroid tumors through meta-analyses. Methods Meta-analysis was conducted by retrieving all studies on the treatment of malignant thyroid carcinomas released in database, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google scholar, from January 2005 to January 2019. Then the safety and efficacies were compared between the two surgical modalities based on current reports. Results Totally, 3,482 cases were included in 11 related studies. Most adverse outcomes by ET were involved in transient or permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLN) and hypocalcemia, postoperative total complications, hemorrhage, hematoma at the incision, and total relapse rate following surgery. Besides, ET led to higher incidence of transient RLN palsy, yet significantly lower transient hypocalcemia than conventional open thyroidectomy (COT). The difference was insignificant regarding transient or permanent RLN and hypocalcemia, total postoperative complications, postoperative hemorrhage, incisional hematoma and total recurrent rate between the two procedures. Secondary outcomes consisted of operative time, hospital stay and cosmetic results, by which COT was superior to ET, yet cosmetic incision was better by ET than by COT. There was no significant difference in hospital stay. Conclusions ET can be feasible and safe surgical option for malignant thyroid lesions, with better cosmetic effect.
Study of clinical and radiological profile of pulmonary tuberculosis among patients having diabetes mellitus

Background: Onset of tuberculosis is high among diabetic mellitus patients in relation to non-diabetic patients. Due to weakened immune system there is a greater risk of tuberculosis seen among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. As a result, affected patients have difficulty in responding to any kind of treatment when compared to healthy individuals. The objective was to study the clinical and radiological profile of pulmonary tuberculosis among patients having diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: The study was conducted at the department of pulmonary medicine, in a tertiary health care centre in Eastern India. The study included smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients with diabetes mellitus and the patients who were smear positive for pulmonary tuberculosis (control group) who met the criteria to participate in the study after a thorough examination. Informed written consent was obtained from all patients before enrolment. Results: A total of 80 patients (15 to 65 years and above) were enrolled in the study with equal numbers being diagnosed with diabetes who had elevated blood sugar values (refer to Table 1). Classical clinical signs were totally correlated with radiography and 57.5% cases showed pulmonary lesions. Among the radiological findings, infiltration was most common in both groups, but more significant in PTB DM group (75 %) followed by cavity (52.5%) in PTB DM group. Conclusions: It can be concluded from the study that in diabetic patients the pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly different from non-diabetic patients. Pre-treatment bacillary load was high in diabetic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
CCSS STUDY ANALYSIS CONCEPT PROPOSAL SUBSEQUENT MALIGNANCIES AND GENETICS WORKING GROUPS

2. WORKING GROUP AND INVESTIGATORS: Second Malignancies Working Group and Genetics Working Group Proposed Investigators include: Name email Institution Smita Bhatia sbhatia@peds.uab. edu University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Purnima Singh psingh@peds.uab. edu University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Lennie Wong flwong@coh.org City of Hope Michael Fisher fisherm@email.chop. edu Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Bruce Korf bkorf@uabmc.edu University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Joseph Neglia jneglia@umn.edu University of Minnesota Greg Armstrong Greg.Armstrong@stjude.org St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Les Robison Les.Robison@stjude.oeg St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Jean Nakamura Jean.Nakamura@ucsf.edu University of California, San Francisco Yutaka Yasui Yutaka.Yasui@stjude.org St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Rebecca Howell rhowell@mdanderson.org MD Anderson Cancer Center 3. FUNDING SOURCE: the study is funded by the NCI (P50-CA196519-01; Multi-PI: DW Clapp and KM Shannon Developmental HyperActive Ras Tumor SPORE). This effort represents a collaboration between Indiana University, UCSF, UAB, UTSW and CHOP (09/01/15 08/31/2020). 4. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE SMNs are potentially life-threatening late complications in childhood cancer survivors: Among children with cancer, the cumulative incidence of SMNs approaches 20% at 30 years after diagnosis of the primary neoplasm, representing a 6-fold increased risk, when compared with the general population (1, 2). SMNs are a leading cause of non-relapse late mortality (3). Unique associations with specific therapeutic exposures have resulted in the classification of SMNs into two distinct groups: chemotherapy-related myelodysplasia/ acute myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/AML) and radiationrelated solid SMNs. Solid SMNs have a strong and well-defined association with radiation (4-6). Radiation induces SMNs within the radiation field (6). Radiation-induced solid SMNs account for the largest burden of SMNs (6). The latency for radiation-induced solid SMNs usually exceeds 10 years (7). The risk is highest when radiation exposure occurs at a younger age, and increases with increasing doses of radiation (Fig. 1, 2) (7-12). The mean age at diagnosis of SMNs has been reported to be 29 years, representing a significant cause of morbidity and premature mortality among the adolescents and young adults (AYAs) – who have been increasingly recognized to be a vulnerable population, malignancies of the breast, thyroid, brain, bone, soft tissue and skin are commonly observed. (6, 7, 9, 10, 13).
The Epidemiology of HIV Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs in the Middle East and North Africa.

This thesis aims to address a major knowledge gap in understanding the epidemiology of HIV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) by 1) assessing HIV epidemic state, 2) estimating HIV epidemic potential using hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence, and 3) estimating HIV incidence and impact of interventions on incidence. Methods included systematic review and data synthesis, mathematical modelling, and ecological analysis of systematic review data. There was evidence of HIV epidemics among PWID in at least one-third of countries, most being emerging concentrated epidemics with HIV prevalence of about 10-15%. The overall high injecting risk environment suggests potential for further spread. Mathematical modelling indicated, across a range of HCV prevalence, overall acceptable precision in predicting endemic HIV prevalence among PWID. Ecological analysis on PWID MENA data also indicated a positive, statistically significant association between HCV and HIV endemic prevalence. Of nine MENA countries with data, five have high and three medium HIV epidemic potential, based on current HCV prevalence. The estimated HIV incidence rate among PWID ranged between 0.7% per person-year (ppy) and 7.8% ppy. Further, substantial number of HIV infections in the general population were estimated to be due to the dynamics of injecting drug use, namely among ex-PWID and sexual partners of current/ex-PWID. It was predicted that scale-up of antiretroviral therapy and harm reduction services could avert up to 90% and 70% of incident infections among PWID and their sexual partners, respectively. In conclusion, this thesis identified recent emerging HIV epidemics with high HIV incidence rates among PWID in multiple MENA countries. A novel method for estimating HIV epidemic potential using current HCV prevalence was demonstrated. In MENA, further HIV epidemic growth among PWID is predicted in most countries. Scale-up of HIV/drug interventions is needed to halt the growing epidemics.
Effects of post-intubation laryngeal stenosis treatment depending on the grade of stenosis

Introduction. Laryngeal stenosis as a complication of prolonged endotracheal intubation is a current problem in paediatric laryngology because of the growing population of prematurely born children. The aim of our study was to analyse the cases of post-intubation laryngeal stenosis in terms of the frequency and severity of the complications, as well as to evaluate the effects of endoscopic treatment. Material and methods. The study included 92 children treated for laryngeal stenosis. The analysis involved the comparison of the children in terms of the degree of subglottic stenosis and its effect on treatment. Laryngeal stenosis was treated with endoscopy, which was performed under general anaesthesia. Results. In the group of children with laryngeal stenosis, supraglottic stenosis was found in 9.78% of children, grade I subglottic stenosis occurred in 10.87% of children, grade II in 41.3% of children, grade III in 18.48% of children, and grade IV in 19.57% of children. Of 92 patients, only 41 were full-term (44.57%) and 51 (55.43%) were premature. In the treated group, full recovery and a reduction of laryngeal stenosis were noted in 44 (48%) and 38 children (41%), respectively, while the failure of treatment was reported in 10 patients, representing 11% of the population. In the group of premature infants, 20 children (39.22%) were cured, the condition improved in 22 cases (43.14%) and treatment failed in 9 patients (17.65%). Of 41 full-term children, full recovery was observed in 24 (58.54%), improvement in 16 (39.02%) and failure in one case (2.44%). There was also an increase in the risk of treatment failure in advanced stenosis of grade III and IV according to Cotton–Myer. Conclusions. Laryngeal stenosis is a common problem in premature infants. Endoscopic treatment is an effective surgical method. Failure of endoscopic treatment is related to the degree of stenosis. Grades III and IV are more difficult to treat. Keywords
Fruits and Vegetables Consumption and Risk of Stroke

During the past 4 decades, age-adjusted stroke incidence rate in high-income countries decreased by 42% (from 163 to 94 per 100 000 person-years), whereas the stroke incidence rate more than doubled (from 52–117 per 100 000 person-years) in lowto middle-income countries. The rates of age-adjusted stroke mortality and disability-adjusted life years lost were also higher in low-income countries than in middle-income or high-income countries. Stroke was also the leading causes of death in China in 2010 (1.7 million deaths). Improving diet and lifestyle is critical for cardiovascular disease risk reduction in the general population. In particular, a diet rich in vegetables and fruits is highly recommended, because it meets the micronutrient, macronutrient, and fiber requirements without adding substantially to overall energy consumption. However, the prevalence of low fruits and vegetables consumption is high worldwide, and especially in lowand middle-income countries. According to the bulletin of the World Health Organization, increasing individual fruits and vegetables consumption to ≥600 g per day could reduce the burden of ischemic stroke by 19% worldwide and 10% to 15% among members of the European Union. In recent years, many prospective cohort studies have been conducted to assess the effect of fruits and vegetables consumption on the risk of stroke, and both positive and negative associations were found, and the magnitude of association (relative risk [RR] with 95% confidence interval [CI]) varied from 0.35 (0.13–0.96) to 1.35 (0.92–1.97). Results from the recent prospective cohort studies have not been summarized with a meta-analysis, and the dose– response relationship as well as the potential threshold effect of fruits and vegetables consumption on the risk of stroke is also unknown. In addition, studies with relatively small number of participants might be underpowered to detect the effect, and even small health effects of fruits and vegetables consumption on the risk of stroke could have considerable public health consequences considering the popularity of fruits and vegetables consumption; thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively assess the effect of fruits and vegetables consumption on the risk of stroke.
A comprehensive formula for decomposing change in community similarity into introduction and extinction events

Biological invasion, climate change and urbanization are presently altering species compositions worldwide (McKinney and Lockwood 1999, McKinney 2006, Qian and Ricklefs 2006, Magurran et al. 2015, Gossner et al. 2016, Newbold et al. 2018), while changes in community composition are generally associated with higher community similarities and losses of community distinctiveness (McKinney and Lockwood 1999, Olden et al. 2004). The underlying processes of homogenization are still unclear and especially lack theoretical underpinnings (Olden and Poff 2003, Rosenblad and Sax 2017). It was theoretically and empirically proposed that similarity changes are determined by different events (Olden and Poff 2003, Villéger and Brosse 2012, Rosenblad and Sax 2017). For example, the introduction of the same species to two sites would result in an increase in similarity, while the extinction of same native species from two sites would lead to a decrease in similarity. In complement to earlier works on the mathematical description of homogenization (Olden and Poff 2003, Villéger and Brosse 2012). Rosenblad and Sax (2017) provided a concise framework of six types of introduction and extinction events with formula derivations to qualify the relative importance of these events on changes in community similarity. They found that the effects of these events vary according to event type and initial similarity. However, their conclusions mainly derive from simplified assumptions of species richness and number of events, which prevent us from understanding the precise relationships among initial similarity, different event types and total number of species. Through mathematical derivation and simulations (Fig. 1), we thus aim to: 1) combine previously identified determinants of change in similarity into a single comprehensive formula; 2) illustrate how these determinants interact with each other; and 3) highlight the important role of gradient in species richness in affecting the magnitude of similarity changes.
Early Ophthalmic Artery Blood Flow Parameter Changes in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess initial changes in blood flow parameters of the ophthalmic artery (OA) in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: Sixty-three subjects were included in this prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. Thirty-one (49.2%) patients with type 1 DM without diabetic retinopathy formed the DM group. The control group comprised 32 (50.8%) healthy subjects. The OA of all of the patients was examined with Doppler ultrasonography. The main outcomes were peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), and resistivity index (RI) measurements. Results: The mean age at onset of type 1 DM was 10.7±2.0 years and the mean duration was 11.4±11.0 months. The mean PSV and EDV outcomes in both eyes were significantly higher in the control group than in the DM group, whereas, the mean PI and RI outcomes in both eyes were significantly higher in the DM group (p<0.05). A mean RI of ≥0.75 indicated vascular hemodynamic changes associated with type 1 DM with a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 65% (area under the curve: 0.702; p=0.007). A mean PI of ≥1.69 predicted vascular hemodynamic changes associated with type 1 DM with a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 71% (area under the curve: 0.742; p=0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that disturbances in ocular hemodynamics might be present as early as the first year after a type 1 DM diagnosis. Changes in ocular hemodynamic parameters could be used to predict or screen for the development of vascular changes.
Entangled external and internal controls on submarine fan evolution: an experimental perspective

Submarine fans are formed by sediment‐laden flows shed from continental margins into ocean basins. Their morphology represents the interplay of external controls such as tectonics, climate and sea level with internal processes including channel migration and lobe compensation. However, the nature of this interaction is poorly understood. Physical modelling was used to represent the evolution of a natural‐scale submarine fan deposited during an externally forced waxing‐to‐waning sediment supply cycle. This was achieved by running five successive experimental turbidity currents with incrementally increasing then decreasing sediment supply rates. Deposits built upon the deposits of earlier flows and the distribution of erosion and deposition after each flow was recorded using digital elevation models. Initially, increasing sediment supply rate (waxing phase) led to widening and deepening of the slope channel, with basin‐floor deposits compensationally stepping forwards into the basin, favouring topographic lows. When sediment supply rate was decreased (waning phase), the slope‐channel filled as the bulk of the deposit abruptly back‐stepped due to interaction with depositional topography. Therefore, despite flows in the waxing and waning phases of sediment supply having nominally identical input conditions (i.e. sediment concentration, supply rate, grain size, etc.), depositional relief led to development of markedly different deposits. This demonstrates how external controls can be preserved in the depositional record through the progradation of basin floor deposits but that internal processes such as compensational stacking progressively obscure this signal through time. This evolution serves as an additional potential mechanism to explain commonly observed coarsening and thickening‐upwards lobe deposits, with abrupt transition to thin fine‐grained deposits. Meanwhile within the slope channel, external forcing was more readily detectable through time, with less internally driven reorganization. This validates many existing conceptual models and outcrop observations that channels are more influenced by external forcing whilst internal processes dominate basin floor lobe deposits in submarine fans.
Human Lung Progenitor Populations in End-stage Lung Disease and Transplantation.

Bone marrow-derived progenitor cell populations have been implicated in tissue regeneration and also in human disease pathology. This thesis investigated the hypothesis that Clara Cell Secretory Protein positive (CCSP) epithelial-like progenitor cells and circulating fibrocyte numbers are altered in human lung disease and injury, and aimed to determine the predictive value of these cell profiles. It was found that cystic fibrosis patients have an increased number of CCSP cells in their bone marrow and peripheral blood, while patients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) have a decreased number. In addition, BOS and pulmonary fibrosis patients have increased circulating fibrocytes. In response to ischemia reperfusion injury, an increase in CCSP cells in the peripheral blood was found at 24 hrs following lung transplant. Lastly, in patients studied greater than 1-year from transplant, those diagnosed with BOS had a higher number of fibrocytes and a loss of CCSP peripheral blood cells when compared to patients with stable lung function, with increased fibrocytes being associated with time posttransplant. In these patients, the ratio of fibrocytes-to-CCSP cells was predictive of lung
Densiron-68 in the treatment of retinal detachment associated with inferior proliferative vitreoretinopathy or caused by lower or posterior breaks

Aim: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy and complications of heavy silicone oil (Densiron-68®) in the treatment of retinal detachment (RD) with inferior, posterior breaks, or associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional noncomparative case series study of 25 eyes of 25 patients. Inclusion criteria were patients having RD arising from PVR, posterior breaks or inferior retinal breaks between 4 and 8 o'clock hours. Primary vitrectomy followed by Densiron-68 injection was performed for each patient. The study protocol involved at least 8 visits: 1st day, 1, 2, 3 weeks 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. Densiron-68 removal was performed after 2–3 months. The assessment of retinal attachment, visual acuity (VA), and complications were recorded. Results: Final anatomical success was 84% (21 of 25) cases which increased to 92% with second intervention. Mean final VA improved from mean logarithm of minimum angle of resolution of 1.89± (0.66) preoperatively to 1.094± (0.29) postoperatively. The most common complications were cataract in 60% of phakic eyes, and early emulsification in 32%. Conclusion: Densiron-68 could be used to support the lower retina in cases with RD associated with PVR, inferior, or posterior breaks. It gives a better tamponade to the inferior retina in the in the supine or upright positioning of the patient with high anatomical success rate.