Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interdisciplinary strategy to assess the impact of meteorological variables on the biochemical composition of the rain and the dynamics of a small eutrophic lake under rain forcing

Abstract. We present an interdisciplinary investigation of the links between the macro and microphysical properties of rain, the biochemical composition of rain, meteorological parameters, and their impacts on the phytoplankton dynamics of a mountain lake. In order to document this interdisciplinary scientific question, Lake Aydat in the French Massif Central mountains was fitted with a set of high-resolution atmospheric radars, a disdrometer, and a precipitation collector in 2020. In parallel, the lake was monitored via sensors and water sampling. To illustrate the potential of this novel experimental setup, we present a case study of a rain event that occurred in September 2020 and during which, three contrasting sub-periods were identified based on the type of rain (convective or stratiform). Using our high-temporal resolution monitoring, we show that the origin of the air mass mainly influences the chemical composition of the rain, which depends on the rain type. In contrast, the photosynthetic cell concentration in the rain is mainly influenced by meteorological variables, predominantly below-cloud scavenging. The very low concentrations of photosynthetic cells found in rain events cannot directly impact the lake's phytoplankton abundance. In contrast, the rain rate directly impacted the lake's thermal stratification during the convective event. The response of the phytoplankton depends on the genus and, interestingly, three cyanobacteria, Microcystis, Coelomoron, and Merismopedia, showed a systematic response to rain events with a sudden decrease in abundance at the lake surface immediately after rain events. In contrast, the abundance of green algae (Elakatothrix), picocyanobacteria (Synechocystis and Synechococcus), and diatoms (Asterionella and Melosira) gradually increased following the rain events, but with a lower intensity compared to the cyanobacteria species. These different phytoplankton responses to the same rainfall event could play a key role in phytoplankton dynamics in the temperate zone. Our results highlight the importance of high-frequency and time resolution monitoring of both atmosphere and lake to better understand the adaptive strategies of cyanobacteria following rain events.
Control strategies for decision makers using different models of the same system

Situations in which strategies of various decision makers are designed using different models of the same system are a characteristic of large-scale system practice. For interconnected systems with slow and fast dynamics we develop a design algorithm which takes into account such multimodel situations. Conditions for the validity of this approximate design are formulated and illustrated by a power system example.
Influence of wrinkled premixed-flame dynamics on large-scale, low-intensity turbulent flow

Premixed turbulent flame propagation is analysed under the assumptions of stationarity and transverse homogeneity by expansions for small values of the ratio of the turbulence intensity to the laminar burning velocity. For large Zel'dovich numbers, the effects of diffusive—thermal phenomena within the flame, gas expansion, buoyancy and Lewis and Prandtl numbers different from unity are taken into account under the constraint that turbulence scales are large compared with the laminar flame thickness. A general formulation is given, involving solutions through Fourier decompositions. Parametric results for turbulent burning velocities are obtained, and the evolution of components of turbulent kinetic energies through the flame is calculated. It is shown how buoyancy counteracts the tendency for gas expansion to increase transverse components of the turbulent kinetic energy, pressure fluctuations and vorticity generation across the wrinkled flame. Strong readjustments in components of the turbulent kinetic energy are shown to occur in the downstream hydrodynamic zone. It is established that, with the effects of the hydrodynamic zones fully taken into account, the flame can induce anisotropy in initially isotropic turbulence such that the final velocity fluctuations exhibit higher intensities in the longitudinal mode than in transverse modes, while the enhanced vorticity fluctuations are entirely transverse.
The time course of chromatic adaptation in human early visual cortex revealed by SSVEPs

Previous studies have identified at least two components of chromatic adaptation: a rapid component with a time scale between tens of milliseconds to a few seconds, and a slow component with a half-life of about 10 to 30 seconds. The basis of the rapid adaptation probably lies in receptor adaptation at the retina. The neural substrate for the slow adaptation remains unclear, although previous psychophysical results hint at the early visual cortex. A promising approach to investigate adaptation effects in the visual cortex is to analyze steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) elicited by chromatic stimuli, which typically use long durations of stimulation. Here, we re-analyzed the data from two previous pattern-reversal SSVEP studies. In these experiments (N = 49 observers in total), SSVEPs were elicited by counter-phase flickering color- or luminance-defined grating stimuli for 150 seconds in each trial. By analyzing SSVEPs with short time windows, we found that chromatic SSVEP responses decreased with increasing stimulation duration and reached a lower asymptote within a minute of stimulation. The luminance SSVEPs did not show any systematic adaptation. The time course of chromatic SSVEPs can be well described by an exponential decay function with a half-life of about 20 seconds, which is very close to previous psychophysical reports. Despite the difference in stimuli between the current and previous studies, the coherent time course may indicate a more general adaptation mechanism in the early visual cortex. In addition, the current result also provides a guide for future color SSVEP studies in terms of either avoiding or exploiting this adaptation effect.
Antibiotic‐loaded bone substitutes therapy in the management of the moderate to severe diabetic foot infection: A meta‐analysis

In recent years, local antibiotic‐loaded bone substitutes (ALBS) have been used increasingly in the treatment of diabetic foot infection (DFI). The meta‐analysis aimed to analyse the efficacy of ALBS on patients with moderate to severe DFI (with or without osteomyelitis). With an appropriate search strategy, 7 studies were selected for analysis (2 RCTs and 5 cohort studies). The result showed that the application of ALBS effectively reduced the length of hospital stay (WMD −5.55; 95% CI: −9.85 to −1.26; P = 0.01), the recurrence rates (RR 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.69; P = 0.003) and the mortality rates (RR 0.22; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.82; P = 0.02). Compared to the control groups, however, there was no difference in healing rates (RR 1.06; 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.18; P = 0.26), healing time (WMD −1.44; 95% CI: −3.37 to −0.49; P = 0.14), the number of debridement (WMD −1.98; 95% CI: −4.08 to 0.12; P = 0.06) and major amputation rates (RR 0.76; 95% CI: 0.35 to 1.61; P = 0.47). The ALBS appears to have some beneficial effects as an adjunct to standard surgery in the treatment of DFI with or without osteomyelitis, as it reduces recurrence rates, mortality rates, and length of hospital stay, but there was no statistically significant difference in enhancing wound healing.
Laboratory simulation of broadband ELF waves in the auroral ionosphere

Space-relevant observational signatures, such as frequency spectra, phase velocities, excitation thresholds, and ion heating, associated with electrostatic ion-cyclotron waves excited by the inhomogeneous energy-density driven (IEDD) instability in a laboratory experiment are presented. A comparison is made between these waves and the broadband ELF waves recently observed in the auroral ionosphere with sounding rockets and satellites. The measurements of broadband spectra, electron-Landau-resonant phase velocities, low excitation threshold value of parallel electron drift speed, and significant perpendicular ion heating suggest that attributing the broadband ELF waves to the IEDD instability mechanism is justified.
Radio and X-Ray Observations of the 1998 Outburst of the Recurrent X-Ray Transient 4U 1630–47

We report radio (NRAO VLA and Australia Telescope Compact Array), soft X-ray (Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer ASM), and hard X-ray (Compton Gamma Ray Observatory BATSE) observations of a 1998 outburst in the recurring X-ray transient 4U 1630-47, where radio emission was detected for the first time. The radio observations identify the position of 4U 1630-47 to within 1''. Because the radio emission is optically thin with a spectral index of ~-0.8 during the rise, peak, and decay of the initial radio event, the emission is probably coming from an optically thin radio jet ejected over a period of time. The 20-100 keV emission first appeared 1998 January 28 (MJD 50841), the 2-12 keV emission first appeared 1998 February 3 (MJD 50847), and the first radio emission was detected 1998 February 12.6 (MJD 50856.6). The rise of the radio emission probably began about 1998 February 7 (MJD 50851) when the X-rays were in a very hard fluctuating-hardness state, just before changing to a softer, more stable hardness state.
Reflecting the Value of Character Education in Lesson Planning

Changes in the curriculum and its tools require competent teachers to make lesson plans. Teachers also provide challenges as educational actors who internalize character values through lesson planning. This study aimed to analyze the reflection of character education carried out by teachers in learning planning. This study uses a descriptive quantitative design with a survey model to collect documents related to the object under study. The sampling method was used to determine the participants who found 11 people. Data collection was carried out using observation techniques using instruments containing a statement of the indicator numbers produced, valid for as many as 20 statement items. The data processing technique uses a parametric calculation application. The results showed that elementary school teachers' reflection of character education in lesson planning had been implemented to invite students' awareness in responding as much as 45.55%. The conclusions in this study indicate that the teacher's character has an important role to be used as an example in the inculcation of character values so that it is possible to apply character values in learning planning to make it easier for teachers to integrate character values in learning.
Restrained torsion of open thin-walled beams including shear deformation effects

A first-order torsion theory based on Vlasov theory has been developed to investigate the restrained torsion of open thin-walled beams. The total rotation of the cross section is divided into a free warping rotation and a restrained shear rotation. In first-order torsion theory, St. Venant torque is only related to the free warping rotation and the expression of St. Venant torque is derived by using a semi-inverse method. The relationship between the warping torque and the restrained shear rotation is established by using an energy method. The torsion shear coefficient is then obtained. On the basis of the torsion equilibrium, the governing differential equation of the restrained torsion is derived and the corresponding initial method is given to solve the equation. The relationship between total rotation and free warping rotation is obtained. A parameter λ, which is associated with the stiffness property of a cross section and the beam length, is introduced to determine the condition, under which the St. Venant constant is negligible. Consequently a simplified theory is derived. Numerical examples are illustrated to validate the current approach and the results of the current theory are compared with those of some other available methods. The results of comparison show that the current theory provides more accurate results. In the example of a channel-shaped cantilever beam, the applicability of the simplified theory is determined by the parameter study of λ.
Signals and nonlinearities in thin metal‐particle tape

A new type of metal‐particle tape, whose thickness is thinner and whose particles are better oriented than traditional thick particulate media, is simulated and analyzed. Signals at high densities are much larger in the thin tape than in the traditional tape. Nonlinearities at high densities are dominated by transition width increases. Signals and nonlinearities in even thinner media are studied versus record gap length to investigate proper system parameters.
Associations between pulmonary function and cognitive decline in the middle-aged and older adults: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Background Studies observing the relationship between pulmonary function and the risk of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older adults was increasing, but the results were inconsistent. To date, evidence from longitudinal data is scarce and further research is urgently needed. Methods We used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Participants were enrolled in 2011/2013 and followed up in 2013, 2015 and 2018. Pulmonary function was assessed via peak expiratory flow (PEF). Cognitive function, measured by episodic memory and mental status, was assessed through a face-to-face interview in each survey. Results A total of 8,274 participants (52.86% males; mean age, 56.44 years) were included. The scores of global cognition (12.46 versus 11.51, P < 0.001) of men were significantly higher than women at baseline, with a total of 5096 participants (61.59%) declining during the follow-up. Higher baseline PEF was associated with lower absolute decline in global cognition (OR per 1-SD difference 0.921; P = 0.031) and mental status (OR per 1-SD difference 0.9889; P = 0.002) during follow-up in men, and significant associations between higher baseline PEF and a lower absolute decline in the episodic memory were both found in men (OR per 1-SD difference 0.907; P = 0.006) and women (OR per 1-SD difference 0.915; P = 0.022). Second analysis showed that the significant associations between positive PEF variation and a lower rate of 4-year decline in global cognition, mental status and episodic memory were all only found in men. In subgroup analyses, higher PEF at baseline was significantly associated with a lower absolute decline of global cognition among male individuals >60 years. Significant associations between higher PEF at baseline and lower absolute decline in global cognition and episodic memory during follow-up were only found in never-smokers, while higher PEF was related to lower absolute decline in mental status among non-smoking and smoking males. Conclusions Pulmonary function correlates with cognitive functions in middle-aged and older people, especially males. Additional studies characterizing early and long-term PEF changes are needed. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.22-00158.
Classification of Combustor–Inlet Interactions for Airbreathing Ramjet Propulsion

Combustor–inlet interaction is a longstanding classic problem in airbreathing propulsion engineering that is still not fully understood, as evidenced by frequently occurring flight-test unstart events. This study aims at providing a rigorous classification of combustor–inlet interactions that will permit the efficient diagnosis of unstart events, and improve the overall reliability of propulsion systems. Using the proposed mathematical method, the full range of possible interactions can be well defined within the framework of the classification. Specifically, the existence of 11 finite, rigorously separable types of combustor–inlet interactions in ramjet flow is shown. The classification is achieved by first defining the problem as classifying the hysteresis behaviors that occur during combustor–inlet interactions, and then proposing a general method for classifying the hysteresis behaviors of multistable systems, which is also applicable to ramjet flow. Besides the mathematical aspects, novel nondimensio.
Convergent evolution and horizontal gene transfer in Arctic Ocean microalgae

The Arctic Ocean stands apart from other oceans. Using multiple genomes and transcriptomes from cultured and environmental sources, we found distinct genetic modifications in Arctic microalgae consistent with biogeographically constrained trait selectivity as an adaptive force in algal evolution. Microbial communities in the world ocean are affected strongly by oceanic circulation, creating characteristic marine biomes. The high connectivity of most of the ocean makes it difficult to disentangle selective retention of colonizing genotypes (with traits suited to biome specific conditions) from evolutionary selection, which would act on founder genotypes over time. The Arctic Ocean is exceptional with limited exchange with other oceans and ice covered since the last ice age. To test whether Arctic microalgal lineages evolved apart from algae in the global ocean, we sequenced four lineages of microalgae isolated from Arctic waters and sea ice. Here we show convergent evolution and highlight geographically limited HGT as an ecological adaptive force in the form of PFAM complements and horizontal acquisition of key adaptive genes. Notably, ice-binding proteins were acquired and horizontally transferred among Arctic strains. A comparison with Tara Oceans metagenomes and metatranscriptomes confirmed mostly Arctic distributions of these IBPs. The phylogeny of Arctic-specific genes indicated that these events were independent of bacterial-sourced HGTs in Antarctic Southern Ocean microalgae.
Birth of a Social Mediatrician: Adopting Slack, Twitter, and Instagram for Residents

Introduction Physicians have increasingly used social media platforms to review new research, expand networks, and communicate. However, few studies have evaluated how the integration of social media into residency programs affects training. This is relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a shift towards virtual formats for medical education, community building, and recruitment. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate how the integration of social media platforms, including Slack, Twitter, and Instagram, influences education, social connectedness, and recruitment within a residency program. Methods In 2020, pediatric residents at one institution were encouraged to create personal Twitter and Instagram accounts if they did not already have one and follow the residency program's Twitter and Instagram accounts. Residents were also encouraged to enroll in a private Slack network within the residency program. We surveyed residents in May and June 2020 (pre-intervention) and March 2021 (post-intervention). Analytics from the residency program's social media accounts and Slack were recorded. Data were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach. Results Response rates from residents regarding the impact of social media interventions on education, connectedness, and recruitment were 98% (100/102) pre-intervention and 74.5% (76/102) post-intervention. During the study period from May 2020 to March 2021, chief resident posts on the residency program's Twitter and Instagram accounts garnered 447,467 and 151,341 impressions, respectively. Posts with the highest average impressions were those related to advocacy. After the intervention, residents reported increased connectedness to residents in other classes and increased usage of their personal Twitter and Slack accounts for learning and education. Residents rated the program's Instagram account as a useful recruitment tool. Feasibility of posting was assessed by the number of posts by chief residents during the study period (Twitter n=806, Instagram n=67). There were no costs. Conclusion Our data shows that social media in residency is feasible, cost-effective, and valuable for education, connectedness, and recruitment. We outlined specific ways social media was feasible and useful in these domains.
X-Ray Properties of the Nucleus of M81

Due to the appearance of SN 1993J, the region of M81 (NGC 3031) was observed with ASCA ten times between 1993 April and 1995 April. Data from eight of these observations have been used to study the 0.5-10 keV spectral and temporal properties of the source designated X-5, coincident with the M81 nucleus. The 2-10 keV luminosity of X-5 varied by a factor of 1.7 over a period of two years, around a mean of ~ 2 x 10 erg s _ 1 . Variations by ~ 20% on a time scale of one day were also detected. The average spectrum of X-5 can be represented in the 2-10 keV range by a power-law continuum of the photon index, T = 1.85 ± 0.04, and a relatively low intrinsic absorption column of 7VH ~ l x 10 21 c m 2 . In the soft (< 2 keV) energy range, an additional thermal component with a temperature of 0.6-0.8 keV has been detected. An apparently broad or complex Fe-K emission line centered at 6.6-6.7 keV was also detected at an equivalent width of 170 =b 60 eV. These results indicate that the M81 nucleus is a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus, and suggest that similar objects are relatively numerous. A comparison is made between the nucleus of M81 and those of Seyfert galaxies.
Alpha dose modeling in Diffusing alpha-emitters Radiation Therapy. Part II: lattice studies.

BACKGROUND Diffusing alpha-emitters Radiation Therapy ("DaRT") is a new method, presently in clinical trials, which allows treating solid tumors by alpha particles. DaRT relies on interstitial seeds carrying μCi-level 224 Ra activity on their surface, which release a chain of short-lived alpha emitters that spread throughout the tumor volume primarily by diffusion. Alpha dose calculations in DaRT are based on describing the transport of alpha emitting atoms, requiring new modeling techniques. PURPOSE A previous study introduced a simplified framework, the "Diffusion-Leakage (DL) model", for DaRT alpha dose calculations, and employed it to a point source, as a basic building block of arbitrary configurations of line sources. The aim of this work, which is divided into two parts, is to extend the model to realistic seed geometries (in Part I), and to employ single-seed calculations to study the properties of DaRT seed lattices (Part II). Such calculations can serve as a pragmatic guide for treatment planning in future clinical trials. METHODS We employ the superposition of single-seed solutions, developed in Part I, to study the alpha dose in DaRT seed lattices and investigate the sensitivity of the required seed activity and spacing to changes in the DL model parameters and to seed placement errors. RESULTS We show that the rapid fall-off of the dose, which guarantees sparing healthy tissue already 2 - 3 mm away from the tumor, strongly favors a hexagonal, rather than square, seed placement pattern. Realistic variations in the seed manufacturing parameters (224 Ra activity and emission rate of its daughters) are shown to have a negligible effect on the required lattice spacing. On the other hand, tumor parameters (i.e., diffusion lengths and 212 Pb leakage probability), as well as seed placement errors, have a significant effect. CONCLUSIONS In most cases, hexagonal lattice spacing on the scale of ∼3.5 - 4.5 mm using seeds carrying a few μCi/cm 224 Ra will enable overcoming realistic uncertainties in measured tumor environment parameters, as well as seed placement errors, and result in therapeutically relevant alpha dose levels. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.