Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The sound of Titan: a role for acoustics in space exploration

his month (July) Cassini, the largest spacecraft ever parachute descent, and to measure the speed of sound in the launched by man, will go into orbit around Saturn. atmosphere. It is possible that these might record sounds On Christmas Day 2004 this NASA vehicle will release associated with electrical discharge in the atmosphere (as did Huygens, a probe of the European Space Agency, which microphones on the Soviet Union's Venera missions to Venus). in early 2005 will undertake a 2.5 hour parachute descent However, were the microphones of Huygens to detect the through the atmosphere of Titan, Saturn's largest moon. This sound of a `splash-down' end to the parachute descent, the probe contains a range of sensors which will communicate question of Titan's lakes would have been answered. data on Titan's atmosphere back to Cassini until Huygens But can we be sure that the sounds we associate with seas runs out of power. Whilst the primary mission has been and lakes on Earth would find recognisable counterparts on directed at investigating Titan's atmosphere, for many the big Titan? The object of this article is to explore that question (1). question is whether or not Titan possesses an equivalent of Furthermore, if we have a model for how sound is generated the features associated with the terrestrial water cycle: seas, by environmental processes such as falls, wavebreaking lakes, streams, falls, breaking waves, rain etc. and precipitation over a sea, then it is in principle possible It is possible that Huygens will not answer this question, to invert the measured sounds to obtain environmental since its ability to probe the surface is restricted to perhaps parameters on Titan. three minutes. One item of equipment which might answer this question, whose ruggedness, low power requirements, Cassini, Huygens and Titan low mass and small bandwidth make it in many ways Probably the only place in our Solar System other than an ideal inclusion on a space vehicle, is a microphone. Earth which could contain free-flowing surface streams, Huygens carries two microphones, primarily to record lakes and seas open to an atmosphere is Titan (Figure 1), signals associated with the atmospheric buffeting during the the largest of Saturn's 20 known moons. At around 1.4 billion
Enabling Execution Assurance of Federated Learning at Untrusted Participants

Federated learning (FL), as a privacy-preserving machine learning framework, draws growing attention in both industry and academia. It obtains a jointly accurate model by distributing training tasks into data owners and aggregating their model updates. However, FL faces new security problems, as it losses direct control to training processes. One fundamental demand is to ensure whether participants execute training tasks as intended.In this paper, we propose TrustFL, a practical scheme that leverages Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) to build assurance of participants’ training executions with high confidence. Specifically, we use TEE to randomly check a small fraction of all training processes for tunable levels of assurance, while all computations are executed on the co-located faster yet insecure processor (e.g., GPU) for efficiency. To prevent various cheating behaviors like only processing TEE-requested computations or uploading old results, we devise a commitment-based method with specific data selection. We prototype TrustFL using GPU and SGX and evaluate its performance. The results show that TrustFL achieves one/two orders of magnitude speedups compared with naive training with SGX, when assuring correct training with a confidence level of 99%.
Analysis and Design of a New PIFA Antenna for the Wireless Communications Applications

In this paper we have presents the new design of planar inverted F-antenna (PIFA) used in communication mobile and wireless networks due to its compactness and low profile. This design consist use the technical of slot to obtain a dual-band antenna. The proposed antenna is optimized by a parametric study on geometric of the slots that not only reduce size, but also provide the required frequencies. The simulation results are designed and simulated using High Structure Frequency Simulator (HFSS). The use of parasitic patches without via has been shown to help obtain high gain, wide bandwidth, multiband and good efficiency.
Design and Validation of Reliability Physics for Interconnect Architectures Induced from Inclusive TM/SM/EM Effects

Fan-out wafer/panel level package (FOWLP/ FOPLP) technology has been demonstrated widely in wearable electronics and flexible hybrid electronics (FHE). Previously, electromigration (EM) mainly has been discussed on the related FOWLP/FOPLP interconnect architecture design in the past researches. However, considering current or future complex application domain including automobile electronics or flexible design even free form, the interconnect not only has been considered EM but also thermomigration (TM) and stressmigration (SM). In this research, experiments have been designed for comparing main contribution among stress, temperature, and electrical effects for future applications such as portable electric products and (FHE).
A Reinforcement Learning Based Multiple Strategy Framework for Tracking a Moving Target

The pursuit-evasion game has been a classic research topic in the field of mobile robotics. Reinforcement learning (RL), which shows outstanding advantages in the decision-making area, is a widely used method in pursuitevasion game. This paper proposes a hierarchical framework in which RL allows the pursuer to select an appropriate strategy for the current condition in the upper level from multiple underlying strategies in the lower level. Through the analysis of existing motion planning algorithms, the dynamic window approach (DWA) and the proportional guidance method (PG) are used as the lower level strategies of the framework. Individual discussions on the merits and limitations of the two motion planning algorithms indicate a possible complementarity between them. Simulations are carried out and the corresponding results validate the excellent performance of the proposed approach.
An All-Metal High-Gain Radial-Line Slot-Array Antenna for Low-Cost Satellite Communication Systems

This article presents a method to produce a highly directive circularly polarized radiation beam (gain>35 dBi) from an all-metal circularly polarized radial-line slot array (RLSA) antenna. The antenna comprises a single-layer radial TEM waveguide, fully filled with air, formed between a metal ground plate and a parallel metal slotted sheet, leading to simple, low-cost fabrication. A prototype of the new antenna having a diameter of 0.4 m or <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$27\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the free-space wavelength at the operating frequency of 20 GHz, was fabricated and tested. Its measured peak broadside directivity and measured peak realized gain are 36.3 dBic and 35.9 dBic, respectively. The total thickness of the antenna is only 6.5 mm or <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.43\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The aperture efficiency of the prototype is 56%, total efficiency is 95.4%, and measured 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is 4.9 GHz (22.9%). The antenna has excellent cross-polar rejection, with a measured cross-polar level of −24.4 dB in the broadside direction. This antenna has been targeted for low-cost SATCOM terminals and wireless backhauls but due to the lack of dielectrics, it may also be useful for space and high-power microwave applications.
Representing Gate-Level SET Faults by Multiple SEU Faults at RTL

The advanced complex electronic systems increasingly demand safer and more secure hardware parts. Correspondingly, fault injection became a major verification milestone for both safety- and security-critical applications. However, fault injection campaigns for gate-level designs suffer from huge execution times. Therefore, designers need to apply early design evaluation techniques to reduce the execution time of fault injection campaigns. In this work, we propose a method to represent gate-level Single-Event Transient (SET) faults by multiple Single-Event Upset (SEU) faults at the Register-Transfer Level. Introduced approach is to identify true and false logic paths for each SET in the flip-flops’ fan-in logic cones to obtain more accurate sets of flip-flops for multiple SEUs injections at RTL. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method to successfully reduce the fault space and also its advantage with respect to state of the art. It was shown that the approach is able to reduce the fault space, and therefore the fault-injection effort, by up to tens to hundreds of times.
XHAR: Deep Domain Adaptation for Human Activity Recognition with Smart Devices

To further improve the convenience and effectiveness of human computer interaction (HCI) with smart devices, human activity recognition (HAR) has been widely studied from various aspects. Unfortunately, deep learning based methods often suffer from either expensive labeling efforts or weak generalization ability. Inspired by recently developed domain adaptation strategies, we propose XHAR, a novel adversarial deep domain adaptation framework for HAR using smart devices, providing better device and user adaptation. XHAR first selects the most similar source dataset (with label), then extracts device and user independent spatial-temporal features through the combinations of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (BiGRU) feature extractors. Moreover, it removes the distribution discrepancy using multiple domain discriminators, and finally performs adaptation on the target dataset (without label) to obtain the predicted labels. We conduct extensive experiments on 50 users (i.e., of different ages, genders, and body shapes) and 4 smart devices with two kinds of datasets (i.e., gesture activities and sport activities). We compare our method with the source-only model and several state-of-theart domain adaptation models. The results show that XHAR increases the classification accuracy by at least 4.81% (to 74.50%) on the adaptation between different users, and accordingly by at least 9.25% (to 69.23%) between different devices.
Improvised Progressive Neural Network (iPNN) for Handling Catastrophic Forgetting

Learning is a technique which is used to solve a complex sequence of tasks like catastrophic forgetting. Transfer of learning starts from a pre-trained model in the source domain and learning gets transferred to a target domain. A progressive neural network is a technique in the eld of transfer learning, to solve the problem of catastrophic forgetting. Catastrophic forgetting is an area of machine learning, in which machines forget the previously known data while training a new model in transfer learning. The contribution of this paper is a novel technique called improvised Progressive Neural Network (iPNN) to handle the problem of catastrophic forgetting. The proposed technique reduces the loss of information while transferring knowledge from one model to another model in transfer learning. In this technique, an improvised progressive neural network is presented such that the storage constraints are significantly reduced The basic idea of the technique is to remove those models whose knowledge is no longer required in other models for a long period It also removes that model whose knowledge is already transferred in another model, completely or partially. In this case, the target model already captures the complete knowledge of the source model. With the removal of such source models, performance in terms of computation costs is significantly enhanced
Towards Context Address for Camera-to-Human Communication

Although existing surveillance cameras can identify people, their utility is limited by the unavailability of any direct camera-to-human communication. This paper proposes a real-time end-to-end system to solve the problem of digitally associating people in a camera view with their smartphones, without knowing the phones’ IP/MAC addresses. The key idea is using a person’s unique "context features", extracted from videos, as its sole address. The context address consists of: motion features, e.g. walking velocity; and ambience features, e.g. magnetic trend and Wi-Fi signal strengths. Once receiving a broadcast packet from the camera, a user’s phone accepts it only if its context address matches the phone’s sensor data.We highlight three novel components in our system: (1) definition of discriminative and noise-robust ambience features; (2) effortless ambient sensing map generation; (3) a context feature selection algorithm to dynamically choose lightweight yet effective features which are encoded into a fixed-length header. Real-world and simulated experiments are conducted for different applications. Our system achieves a sending ratio of 98.5%, an acceptance precision of 93.4%, and a recall of 98.3% with ten people. We believe this is a step towards direct camera-to-human communication and will become a generic underlay to various practical applications.
Laser-assisted bonding (LAB) and de-bonding (LAdB) as an advanced process solution for selective repair of 3D and multi-die chip packages

This paper describes an advanced method for repairing assembled 3D and multi-die chip packages using a unique process involving laser assisted bonding (LAB) and laser assisted de-bonding (LAdB); i.e. "Laplace". Using a laser as medium for inducing the thermal load into a soldered interface of a chip-assembly generates many technical advancements with reference to processing, thermal and mechanical stresses and life-time. This paper reveals the basic mechanism and process flow of LAdB involving the characterization of different phases during de-bonding, along with the results of a feasibility study. For the feasibility study, 4 different test substrates were used, a 3D chip-on-chip package, a chip-on-wafer, and 2 different chip-on-board configurations. The impact of sequential single die removal using LAdB, and accompanying chip replacement using LAB were analysed. The underlying test materials used were Si-chips, with 40μm Sn-plated Cu-pillars, and Si-chips placed with 200μm SAC305 (Sn 96.5%, Au 3.0%, Cu 0.5%) solder bumps over 5μm pads subjected to 5μm electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG). The chips were stacked resulting in up to 6 layers.The main question, whether the use of a given number of laser-assisted repair cycles before a solder bond interface would weaken is explored in the current work using a 130μm SAC305 solder bump interface. The interface was formed between the plated pads of Si-chip and a printed circuit board (PCB) board with CuNiAu finish.Analysis of thermal load/thermal distribution in the package during the removal and placement sequence were measured using a contactless/non-invasive thermooptical sensor element. The ensuing impact on the metallurgical properties and acicularintermetallic compound (IMC) layers corresponding to adjacent interfaces after multiple de-bonding and re-bonding steps were analysed by cross-sectional analysis, scanning electron microsope (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and optical microscopy. The mechanical stress was identified by an optical surface flatness measurement tool before and after the chip re-placement steps.Tests related to thermal cycling, metallurgical analysis and mechanical shear were conducted to finally generate the number of possible chip replacements using LAB and LAdB processes before the soldered interfaces reached a critical limit of stability and reliability. In conclusion potential applications and future prospects of intended reliability and stability are outlined.
Length-weight and length-length relations for 14 fish species from the central Mexican pacific coast

Length-weight (LWR) and standard length-total length (L-L) relations are presented for 14 fi sh species caught in four estuaries from the south-eastern coast of Michoacan, Mexico (Central Pacifi c): Lile nigrofasciata Castro-Aguirre, Ruiz-Campos et Balart, 2002; Pliosteostoma lutipinnis (Jordan et Gilbert, 1882); Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft, 1834); Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836; Poecilia butleri Jordan, 1889; Centropomus ni- grescens Gunther, 1864; Lutjanus novemfasciatus Gill, 1862; Eucinostomus currani Zahuranec, 1980; Dormi- tator latifrons (Richardson, 1844); Eleotris picta Kner, 1863; Gobiomorus maculatus (Gunther, 1859); Awaous banana (Valenciennes, 1837); Gobionellus microdon (Gilbert, 1892); Trinectes fonsecensis (Gunther, 1862). Va- lues of b ranged from 2.912 to 3.432. The results revealed that length-weight relations for all species were highly correlated; likewise, length-length relations for all fi shes also showed high correlation. This study presents for the fi rst time, length-weight parameters for two species and length-length relations for six species.
Effect of a Cool Classroom Microclimate on Symbolic Indexes of Cardiac Autonomic Control and Cognitive Performances in Undergraduate Students

The effect of classroom temperature reduction on cognitive performance and cardiac autonomic control were assessed in 12 healthy undergraduate students during a 2-hour lasting lecture. In all subjects ECG was continuously recorded by a portable device when classroom temperature was “neutral” $(22.4\pm 0.1^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$, Day1) and “cool” $(18.4^{\circ}\mathrm{C}\pm 0.3^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$, Day2). Symbolic analysis of RR variability provided the percentage of three heart period sequences with no significant change in RR interval (0V%) and with two significant variations (2UV%), reflecting cardiac sympathetic and vagal modulation, respectively. Students' cognitive performance was assessed at the end of each lecture by the Cambridge Brain Sciences cognitive evaluation tool. In Day2 the 0V% was greater and 2UV% was lower compared to Day1. Cognitive performance rated better in Day2 compared to Day1. Students' cognitive performance was improved and their cardiac sympathetic modulation was enhanced when the lecture was performed in a cooler environment.
Modelling and Simulation of Pneumatic Sources for Soft Robotic Applications

The mathematical models for two widely used pneumatic systems in the soft robotics community are presented: syringe pumps and compressed air systems. These models enable prediction and optimisation of performance of soft actuators under pressurisation, allowing the user to select pneumatic components for a desired behaviour. Analytical models are confirmed with simulations developed using SimScape Fluids and SimScape Electrical within Simulink/MATLAB. By using a polytropic law, the models show agreement with the simulations with less than 10% discrepancy for the typical pressures used with soft actuators. Syringe pumps are shown to be much slower compared to the compressed air systems. In the latter, the addition of an air receiver allows very short actuation time.
Lower-Body Walking Motion Estimation Using Only Two Shank-Mounted Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs)

Human gait measurement is critical for disease diagnosis and rehabilitation. Dedicated monitoring systems such as optical motion capture systems provide precise gait measurements but are constrained to labs and medical facilities. Wearable sensors such as inertial measurement units (IMUs) are promising for monitoring gaits in personal daily life. However, a large number of wearable sensor units are usually required for comprehensive segment motion measurement and this would introduce disturbance and inconvenience to personal daily activities. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of lower-body gait measurement using only two IMUs, and therefore significantly reducing the number of wearable sensors. One IMU is attached to each shank to capture the angle of the shank and displacement of the ankle joint. A whole-step optimization approach is then used to estimate the trunk displacement and lower-body joint angles based on a seven-segment gait model. The proposed method is validated with multi-subject walking data, achieving root mean square errors of $5.70 \sim 7.68$ degrees in lower-body joint angle estimation and 2.74 cm in step length estimation. Estimation accuracy is similar to systems using four or more IMUs, demonstrating that inherent gait characteristics can be used to build simple wearable systems.
Interrelationship Between Yield and Components in Cluster Bean

Phenotypic and genotypic correlations among grain yield and components of yield, viz., clusters per plant, pod number, pod length and grains per pod were studied in 30 grain type varieties of cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub). The varieties showed significant differences for each of the characters studied. Grain yield exhibited positive association with clusters per plant, pod number, pod length and grains per pod. Path coefficient analysis revealed that of all the characters studied clusters per plant, and grains per pod had the maximum direct positive effect on grain yield. The positive association of pod number and pod length with grain yield was due to their indirect effects through clusters per plant and/or grains per pod. In fact the direct effect of pod length on grain yield was negative.
An Implantable Neural Stimulator IC With Anodic Current Pulse Modulation Based Active Charge Balancing

Implantable electrical stimulators can be used to treat a variety of neurological disorders and restore paralyzed body functions. In electrical neural stimulation, the stimulator circuit with safe charge balancing is essential to minimize damage to electrodes and biological tissue. In this paper, an implantable current-mode neural stimulator for long-term safe electrical stimulation is presented. Anodic current pulse modulation active charge balancing technique is proposed to keep the residual voltage on the electrode within the safe window, which enables long-term safe stimulation. To ensure more complete charge balancing, the proposed active charge balancing technique can also be used with passive electrode shorting. Transistor stacking and dynamic gate biasing techniques can prevent the breakdown of standard MOSFET devices from high supply voltages, which enable the implementation of output current driver and charge balancing circuits without using HV process. The stimulator IC designed with 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ standard CMOS process can generate up to 1 mA of stimulation current and only consumes an area of 0.11 mm2. Since all functions are implemented on-chip without using external components, the proposed stimulator IC is suitable for high-density implantable stimulation applications.
Optimal Pricing Analysis of Computer Networks Based on a Queueing System With Retrial Mechanism

We consider a single-server retrial queue with a Poisson arrival process and exponential service times, where the server is unreliable. Assume there is no waiting space in front of the server and the customer who finds the server unavailable joins an orbit to access the server some time later. We discuss two types of customers’ retrial behavior. One is that each customer in the orbit seeks for services independently and the total retrial rate of the system depends on the number of customers in the orbit. The other type of retrial discipline is called constant retrial policy and it arises from some situations in the computer and communication network where the retrial rate may be controlled by automatic mechanisms. An announced price charged by the server is imposed on customers joining the system and the actual demands for services depend on the price via a decreasing function. We investigate the system characteristics and study how the manager, whose goal is to maximize its own profit, determines the price charging joining customers. Finally, we present an application example to illustrate the obtained results and make comparisons between the two retrial policies from the perspective of customers’ expected waiting time.