Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Density and ecological drivers of free‐ranging cat abundance and activity in Madeira Island, Macaronesia

Mammalian predators introduced to oceanic islands pose a significant threat to biodiversity and have led to numerous extinctions. Free‐ranging cats are particularly problematic due to their predatory habits and negative impact on conservation. However, there is limited information on the ecology and population status of free‐ranging cats in insular ecosystems, where they often represent the apex terrestrial predator. Using a peri‐urban protected area in the subtropical island of Madeira as a case study, we employed camera traps to assess the density of free‐ranging cats and investigate the ecological drivers influencing their abundance and activity in nonurban insular habitats. Based on 582 trapping‐nights, we identified 25 individual cats from 156 cat detections. Spatially explicit capture–recapture models revealed a density of 1.4 cats per km2. Cat activity was positively affected by both the proportion of rocky areas in the landscape and the distance to human resource subsidies, whereas no significant driver was found for abundance. Our results indicate that cats are highly abundant throughout the protected area and suggest that their core home ranges are associated with rocky terrain, away from the most humanized sections of the park. Free‐ranging cats do not appear to heavily rely on anthropogenic food sources, signaling that they may rely mostly on wild prey to fulfill their dietary needs. Their preference for rocky areas could be explained by the increased availability of shelter and prey, such as the Madeira wall lizard (Teira dugesii). Notably, cat abundance and activity were particularly high in the vicinity of the only known breeding colony of the locally threatened Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) on Madeira Island. Our findings suggest that cats pose a significant threat to the native vertebrate fauna of the protected area and thus their management, particularly during the breeding season of the Manx shearwater, should be considered.
Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Depression in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Objective: The aim was to explore the prevalence and influencing factors of depression in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of the clinical data of 179 PD patients for retrospective analysis. Using the self-rating depression scale (SDS) and the Hamilton depression scale-21 (HAMD-21), we evaluated the prevalence of depression and analyzed the factors influencing depression in PD. Results: The prevalence of depression in PD patients was 45.25%, and the degree of depression was mainly mild to moderate. Sleep status, daily use of levodopa, a high Hoehn and Yahr stage, a high unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS) II score, and a high UPDRS III score were all risk factors for depression in PD patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression in PD patients is high, and the degree of depression is closely related to many factors, which should receive close attention in clinical work.
Finite Difference Analysis of Rayleigh Wave Scattering at Vertical Discontinuities

The finite difference iterative method yields the full wave solution to problems without exact solution that involve the scattering of elastic surface waves at vertical discontinuities in homogeneous media. The technique successfully predicts the results for a problem for which an analytical solution does exist, that of a Rayleigh wavelet propagating on a homogeneous, isotropic, semi-infinite half space. For a Rayleigh wave of unit amplitude incident normally at a 90° corner in a homogeneous medium of Poisson's ratio σ = 0.245, the amplitude coefficients for transmission and reflection were found to be 0.64 ± 0.02 and 0.36 ± 0.02, respectively, whereas the corresponding phase shifts were −79 ± 5° and 38 ± 5°. About 45% of the incident energy is converted into body waves at the corner, and more than 90% of this energy is radiated back into a sector of the plane included between lines making angles of 15° with the two free surfaces. All these results, which are independent of wavelength, agree well with other published data. In the related problem of Rayleigh wave scattering at a downward step discontinuity, the dependence on step height of the transmission and reflection coefficients and of the phase shifts for a given wavelength component has also been investigated. Results show good agreement with both experimental curves and earlier theoretical work. This type of numerical simulation may be applied to other two-dimensional geometries, including layered media problems.
The Tribological Behavior of Cast Iron by Laser Surface Texturing under Oil-Lubricated Initial Line Contact for Rotary Compressor

The tribological behaviors of cast iron by laser surface texturing were experimentally compared with the behavior of untextured by unidirectional rotary sliding friction and wear tests under oil-lubricated initial line contact. The friction coefficient and temperature rise were analyzed with the increasing load applied by block-on-ring tests. In addition, the wear loss and wear mechanism were also investigated through the surface topographies analysis. The results showed that the tribological improvement strongly depended on the contact form. For the oil-lubricated initial line contact in this work, the textured surface showed a better frictional advantage with a lower friction coefficient and lower temperature rise. The hydrodynamic effect enhanced the load-carrying capacity of the oil film and increased the film thickness. The friction coefficients were 11~64% lower than those on the untextured one. Meanwhile, the textured surface deteriorated the wear behavior due to the coupling effect between the micro-cutting effect of the texture edges and the material deformations of the counter surface. The material loss induced by abrasive wear and fatigue wear was the dominant wear mechanism. Namely, the laser surface texturing improved the friction properties but reduced the wear resistance.
On A Particular Solution of the Non-Linear Liouville Equations

S U M M A R Y T h e rotational behaviour of a stratified viscoelastic planet is analysed by means of a quasi-analytical method. Our approach is particularly appropriate to study the long-term polar wander induced by internal loads, a n d in particular t o study the effects due t o time-dependent mantle convection. W e focus on a simple explicit solution of t h e Liouville non-linear equations, in order t o establish the relationships between internal rheological constitution of t h e planet and polar motion. Both the rate a n d t h e direction of polar wander are found t o be extremely sensitive t o the mantle stratification and in particular t o the nature of the 6 7 0 k m depth seismic discontinuity.
Hierarchical Earth accretion and the Hadean Eon

Geochemical traces from the Hadean Eon and terrestrial siderophile and volatile element data are discussed in the light of the standard, or hierarchical, model of planetary accretion, which envisages growth of the planets by collisions of progressively larger protoplanets. Siderophile element depletion patterns can be explained by partial inheritance from early stages of the process, when metal cores resulted from melting in collisions of small planetesimals. The abundances and isotope data for hydrogen and nitrogen suggest a chondrite-type source rather than nebular gas, in accord with atmosphere loss in the high-temperature aftermath of the Moon-forming Giant Impact, after which late accretion replenished the atmosphere. Lead isotope patterns and anomalous 142Nd/144Nd ratios in early Archaean metasediments and 176Hf/177Hf ratios of 3.7–4.4 Ga old detrital zircons point to a vanished crust that persisted through much of the Hadean Eon. A working hypothesis is proposed that links these observations. Following the freezing of a magma ocean caused by the Giant Impact, the mantle would be gravitationally unstable and an overturn would occur, leading to the formation of a huge mafic crust. After the overturn the mantle could be stable and inactive for hundreds of million years.
THE INFLUENCE OF WORK FIELD PRACTICES, SELF-EFFICACY, AND FAMILY ENVIRONMENT ON THE WORK READINESS OF STUDENTS

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of Field Work Practice, Self-Efficacy, and Family Environment on the Job Readiness of students from SMK Negeri 40 Jakarta. The research method used in this study is a survey method with a quantitative approach. The population in this study consists of 196 students from SMK Negeri 40 Jakarta. The sampling technique used is proportionate stratified random sampling with the Slovin formula, with a level of difficulty accuracy of 5%, resulting in a sample size of 132 students. The data analysis technique used in this research is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) PLS using SmartPLS 4.0 software. The data analysis techniques in this research consist of measurement model analysis, structural model analysis, and testing the hypotheses of direct influence. The results show that variable X1 to Y has an original sample value of 0.254, t-statistics of 3.164 > 1.96, and a p-value of 0.001 < 0.05. The results for X2 to Y have an original sample value of 0.192, statistics of 2.565 > 1.96, and a p-value of 0.005 < 0.05. Then, the results for X3 to Y have an original sample value of 0.370, t-statistics of 3.343 > 1.96, and a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05. The F-Square calculation results for variable X1 to Y are 0.288. The F-Square value for variable X2 to Y is 0.179. The F-Square value for variable X3 to Y is 0.189. The results of this research indicate that there is a positive and significant direct influence simultaneously between Field Work Practice, Self-Efficacy, and Family Environment on Job Readiness.
Automatic hierarchical approach to detecting shallow landslides and avalanches by the combination of multi-spectral RS imagery and DEM derivatives

This paper presents an automatic hierarchical approach to detecting shallow avalanches and landslides by the combination of multi-spectral RS images and DEM derivatives, which identifies these geohazards by six boolean operations based not only on their reflectance but also on geometric shapes and their geomorphic context.Corresponding experiments with 10 m resolution RS imagery and 1:50000 scale DEM in the Biluo Mountain gorge were performed to check the results of automatic recognition of the avalanche, landslide and debris flows.The results demonstrate that:1) this approach can effectively raise the accuracy of recognition of avalanches, landslide and debris flows with the influences of their geometrical features considered;2) it is characterized by definite relationship between the data and the recognized objects, simple logistic and easy determination of the threshold;3) the data sources(i.e.mediumscale DEM and RS imagery with infrared and near-infrared spectra) can be widely obtained;and 4) the main problems of this method is to divide conglutinating pixels.
The Gap in Sustainable Food Services in Public Institutions: The Perceptions of Young Consumers from Public Universities in the Madrid Region (Spain)

The agri-food system needs to transition into a more balanced system that takes into account economic, social, and environmental factors. Young people are a key demographic group to consider as they are open to new trends of consumption, including sustainable buying practices. Public universities can play a significant role in promoting sustainable and healthy eating habits among students. In this paper, we focus on the perceptions of young people regarding sustainable food in the Madrid Region. We conducted a survey using a questionnaire-based approach among 1940 students in 2022. The results highlight that young consumers are highly concerned about food sustainability. They perceive sustainability as local and non-processed foods. However, this perception varies among young consumers, and we identified five different consumer profiles. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis provide insights into potential actions that universities can take to promote sustainable and healthy eating habits among students.
GLP-1 Analogs, SGLT-2, and DPP-4 Inhibitors: A Triad of Hope for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy

Alzheimer’s is a prevalent, progressive neurodegenerative disease marked by cognitive decline and memory loss. The disease’s development involves various pathomechanisms, including amyloid-beta accumulation, neurofibrillary tangles, oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent research suggests that antidiabetic drugs may enhance neuronal survival and cognitive function in diabetes. Given the well-documented correlation between diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease and the potential shared mechanisms, this review aimed to comprehensively assess the potential of new-generation anti-diabetic drugs, such as GLP-1 analogs, SGLT-2 inhibitors, and DPP-4 inhibitors, as promising therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer’s disease. This review aims to comprehensively assess the potential therapeutic applications of novel-generation antidiabetic drugs, including GLP-1 analogs, SGLT-2 inhibitors, and DPP-4 inhibitors, in the context of Alzheimer’s disease. In our considered opinion, antidiabetic drugs offer a promising avenue for groundbreaking developments and have the potential to revolutionize the landscape of Alzheimer’s disease treatment.
Investor sentiment based on search engine data for predicting stock returns in Indonesia industrial sector

This study aims to investigate investor sentiment and its effect on the industrial sector in Indonesia. In the study, investor sentiment was extracted from data obtained from search engines. Then the data were used to see how the sentiment affected the stock return in each listed industrial company. Fifteen industrial sector companies listed on the stock exchange were selected; each was analyzed for their search volume and the effect on stock returns using panel data regression from March 2020 to April 2022. The result shows that investor sentiment affects the level of stock returns in the industrial sector in Indonesia. This result indicates that with the increase in search volume on search engines, which reflects positive sentiment, there will be an increase in stock trading transactions and vice versa. This study's findings will help investors make investment decisions, especially in the industrial sector.
Improving undergraduate biology students’ critical thinking skills through a case study-based free inquiry module

The free inquiry-based module supports independent research-based learning among undergraduate students. Adding case studies to the modules will encourage students to apply concepts to real-world situations to improve their thinking skills. Therefore, this study aims to improve the critical thinking skills of biology education students at Jambi University using case-study-based free inquiry modules. This study is Classroom Action Research (CAR) with the Kurt Lewin model, which consists of two cycles. The subjects of this study were 36 second-semester biology education students taking environmental science courses. The data collection techniques included questionnaires, critical thinking tests, and observation sheets. Data analysis techniques used quantitative descriptive analysis. Our findings indicated that critical thinking skills among undergraduate students in each cycle increased by an average of 23.01%. This means that the case-study-based free inquiry module successfully improves the critical thinking skills of biology education students.Abstrak Modul berbasis free inquiry mendukung pembelajaran berbasis penelitian secara mandiri pada mahasiswa. Sementara penambahan studi kasus pada modul akan mendorong mahasiswa untuk menerapkan konsep pada situasi nyata untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir mereka. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat implikasi penggunaan modul free inquiry berbasis studi kasus terhadap peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa pendidikan biologi Universitas Jambi. Penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan model Kurt Lewin yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah 36 mahasiswa pendidikan biologi semester dua yang mengambil mata kuliah ilmu lingkungan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, instrument test ketarmpilan berpikir kritis, dan lembar observasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kuantitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa pada setiap siklus rata-rata meningkat sebesar 23,01%. Artinya penggunaan modul free inquiry berbasis studi kasus berhasil meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa pendidikan biologi.
Searching for ancient forests: A 2000 year history of land use in northeastern French forests deduced from the pollen compositions of closed depressions

Evidence of the agricultural use, during Roman or Medieval times, of forested areas formerly considered to be ancient, as well as legacies of this former land use on plant biodiversity and soil properties, have encouraged the search for archives of former land use in forests. In central Lorraine (northeastern France), thousands of small closed depressions (CD) on marlstone have been inventoried in forests over the past 150 years, and we hypothesised that these CDs could be used to reconstruct patterns of land use. Closed depressions near the Seille and Sarre valleys were selected and cored for pollen and sediment analyses. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was used to analyse variations of pollen assemblages during the last two millennia. The history of vegetation changes depicts five main phases. During the Roman period, the region appears to have been primarily covered by grasslands, with some croplands but few forests. All areas were reforested by the end of the Roman period. During the early Medieval period, croplands with grasslands developed in the region, while the late Medieval was characterised by cereal cropping, with especially intense use at sites near the Seille valley, and a lesser extension of grasslands. The present forest cover developed over the past 500 years because of the development of the salt industry in the Seille valley, which required firewood, and the general decrease of agricultural pressure over the past 150 years. Previous investigations had provided evidence of large-scale Roman field systems in the forests covering the limestone plateau and the Vosges foothills on sandstone, areas west and east of the research focus, respectively. These convergent findings suggest that that forests considered to be ‘ancient’ on the basis of historical documents may have been used for pasture or agriculture over extensive periods during the last 2000 years.
High Protein—Low Viscosity? How to Tailor Rheological Properties of Fermented Concentrated Milk Products

The rheological properties, e.g., viscosity and yield stress, of fermented concentrated milk products (protein content > 8%) are strongly dependent on their volume fraction. Post-treatment with high-power ultrasound can reduce the volume fraction of these products and, hence, lead to reduced crowding effects and thus lower viscosities and yield stress. Besides that, the particle size distribution (span) should stay unaltered. Increasing the energy input during the sonication of fat-free fresh cheese with a protein content of 8.9 ± 0.4% decreased the volume fraction below the limit for concentrated products (ϕ = 0.4), while the particle size also decreased. This led to a narrowed span and, hence, the viscosity should have increased; however, the results showed that viscosity and yield stress were decreasing. Consequently, the influence of the span was neglectable for concentrated fermented milk products with volume fractions below the concentrated area. Furthermore, the sonicated samples showed no syneresis over a storage time of two weeks. The sonicated samples reached similar rheological properties to commercial stirred yogurt, which demonstrated the suitability of high-power ultrasound as a post-treatment to tailor the rheological properties of high-protein fermented milk products.
A Comparative Study of HMD-based Virtual and Augmented Realities for Immersive Museums: User Acceptance, Medium and Learning

Technologies like Head Mounted Display (HMD)-based Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) have made HMD-based immersive museums possible. To investigate the user acceptance, medium and interaction experience for HMD-based immersive museums, an app entitled The Extended Journey has been designed, developed, and deployed on both VR headsets and AR headsets. Subsequently, a between-subjects design experiment with sixty-two participants was conducted to measure the user experience and learning outcome in HMD VR and HMD AR conditions. Quantitative results revealed that HMD VR museums had statistically significantly better immersion and empathy compared to HMD AR museums. Qualitative data indicated HMD-based immersive museums were embraced by most young participants while HMD VR had better user acceptance than HMD AR for immersive museums. The interview also demonstrated that the advantage of the HMD-based immersive museum over the traditional online museum is only the sensory immersion from the medium itself, but also the interactive narrative experience that the HMD medium facilitates, especially the natural interaction with the CG characters and the environment in the story.
Performance of wheat varieties under different sowing dates in Jharkhand

The field experiment was conducted at Birsa Agricultural University during 2010-11 and 2011-12 with objective to evaluate the performance of wheat varieties under different sowing dates. The experiment comprised of two dates of sowing i.e. 25th November and 20th December with five wheat varieties namely Raj 4229, K 0906, K 0307, HD 2733 and DBW 39. The experiment was laid out in split plot design replicated four times. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture having low nitrogen (252.4 Kg ha-1), phosphorous (12.1 Kg ha- 1) and medium in potassium (155.6 Kg ha-1) with soil pH 6.1. Sowing of wheat on 25th November resulted in expressing significantly more total tillers (420 tillers m2), higher dry matter accumulation (1190 g m-2), higher crop growth rate (19.30 g m-2 /day) at maturity, and leaf area index (3.60) resulted in 14.7 per cent higher spike m-2 (400 spikes m-2), 26.43 per cent higher spike length (10.40 cm), 15.15 per cent higher number of grain per spike (39 grains/spike), 45.20 per cent higher grain yield (51.00 q ha-1). Wheat sown on 25th November achieves higher net return of ` 37400 with benefit: cost ratio of 1.34 which is 88.70 per cent higher than 20th December sown wheat. Among wheat varieties K 0307 proved superiority in total tillers (492 m-2), dry matter accumulation (1120.60 g m-2), grain yield (45.40 q ha-1), net return (` 31090 ha-1) and benefit: cost ratio (1.14) than that of mean of rest of the four varieties i.e. Raj 4229, K 0906, HD 2733 and DBW 39.