Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lower Metabolic Rate in Individuals Heterozygous for Either a Frameshift or a Functional Missense MC4R Variant

OBJECTIVE—Humans with functional variants in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) are obese, hyperphagic, and hyperinsulinemic but have been reported to have no difference in energy expenditure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We investigated the association of two MC4R variants, Arg165Gln (R165Q) and A insertion at nucleotide 100 (NT100), with adiposity in 3,074 full-heritage Pima Indians, a subset of whom had metabolic measures including 24-h energy expenditure (n = 252) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) (n = 364). RESULTS—Among the 3,074 subjects, 43 were heterozygous for R165Q and 14 for NT100 (frequency = 0.007 and 0.002). Mean (± SD) BMI was higher among subjects with R165Q (39.3 ± 8.6 kg/m2) or NT100 (41.2 ± 7.8) than subjects without either variant (37.1 ± 8.4) (P = 0.04 and 0.02, adjusted for age, sex, and birth year and accounting for family membership). The 24-h energy expenditure (four with NT100; three with R165Q) or RMR (six with NT100; two with R165Q) was lower in heterozygous subjects but only met statistical significance when heterozygous subjects were combined and compared with subjects without either variant: least-squares means, 2,163 kcal/24 h (95% CI 2,035–2,291) vs. 2,307 kcal/24 h (2,285–2,328), P = 0.03 for 24-h energy expenditure, and 1,617 kcal/24 h (1,499–1,734) vs. 1,754 kcal/24 h (1,736–1,772), P = 0.02 for RMR; adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass). For RMR, this difference persisted, even after accounting for family membership. CONCLUSIONS—Pima Indians heterozygous for R165Q or NT100 in MC4R have higher BMIs and lower energy expenditure (by ∼140 kcal/day), indicating that lower energy expenditure was a component of the increased adiposity.
Lucid Dreaming: Reliable Analog Event Detection for Energy-Constrained Applications

Existing sensor network architectures are based on the assumption that data will be polled. Therefore, they are not adequate for long-term battery-powered use in applications that must sense or react to events that occur at unpredictable times. In response, and motivated by a structural autonomous crack monitoring (ACM) application from civil engineering that requires bursts of high resolution sampling in response to aperiodic vibrations in buildings and bridges, we have designed, implemented, and evaluated lucid dreaming, a hardware-software technique to dramatically decrease sensor node power consumption in this and other event- driven sensing applications. This work makes the following main contributions: (1) we have identified the key mismatches between existing, polling-based, sensor network architectures and event-driven applications; (2) we have proposed a hardware-software technique to permit the power-efficient use of sensor networks in event-driven applications; (3) we have analytically characterized the situations in which the proposed technique is appropriate; and (4) we have designed, implemented, and tested a hardware-software solution for standard Crossbow motes that embodies the proposed technique. In the building and bridge structural integrity monitoring application, the proposed technique achieves 1/245 the power consumption of existing sensor network architectures, thereby dramatically increasing battery lifespan or permitting operation based on energy scavenging. We believe that the proposed technique will yield similar benefits in a wide range of applications. Printed circuit board specification files permitting reproduction of the current implementation are available for free use in research and education.
Evidence‐based design for discoverability: A case study

Key points Lean methods can give rich insights: Even a few, short sessions with a handful of users can generate useful inputs for a user‐centric design process. Design for beginners: An interface that supports novices will also support experts. Keep it simple: Focus on functionality that supports core search and discovery tasks. Popular or high‐value features should have prime position and rarely used or low‐value features should be hidden or removed. Visual cues are important for usability, as is balancing the visual space.
Organic apples (cv. Elstar) quality evaluation during hot-air drying using Vis/NIR hyperspectral imaging

Organic dried apples are common snacks fulfilling functional as well as nutritional aspects. However, appearance of dried slices does not always satisfy consumer requirements, thus, improvements are needed. In this study, partial least squares (PLS) regression models were successfully developed to monitor changes in colour and moisture content in apple slices during the drying process over the Vis/NIR spectral range. The regression vector analysis results suggested that features at 580, 750 and 970 nm are better for predicting moisture content, while 580 and 680 nm allow to measure the (a*/b*) colour ratio. Keywords: Drying; Dried apple slices; Moisture content; Colour; PLSR modelling
An approach to improving the quality of part-of-speech tagging of Chinese text

The disambiguation of multicategory words is one of the difficulties in part-of-speech tagging, which greatly affects the processing quality of corpora. Aiming at this question, we describe an approach to correcting the part-of-speech tagging of multicategory words automatically. It acquires correction rules for the part-of-speech tagging of multicategory words from right-tagged corpora based on the theory of rough sets and data mining, and then automatically corrects the corpora's part-of-speech tagging of multicategory words based on these rules. According to the results of close-test and open-test on the corpus of 500,000 Chinese characters, the accuracy of corpora can be increased by 11.32% and 5.97% respectively.
Cause-Effect Relation Learning

To be able to answer the question What causes tumors to shrink? , one would require a large cause-effect relation repository. Many efforts have been payed on is-a and part-of relation leaning, however few have focused on cause-effect learning. This paper describes an automated bootstrapping procedure which can learn and produce with minimal effort a cause-effect term repository. To filter out the erroneously extracted information, we incorporate graph-based methods. To evaluate the performance of the acquired cause-effect terms, we conduct three evaluations: (1) human-based, (2) comparison with existing knowledge bases and (3) application driven (SemEval-1 Task 4) in which the goal is to identify the relation between pairs of nominals. The results show that the extractions at rank 1500 are 89% accurate, they comprise 61% from the terms used in the SemEval-1 Task 4 dataset and can be used in the future to produce additional training examples for the same task.
Division of labour and colony efficiency in social insects: effects of interactions between genetic architecture, colony kin structure and rate of perturbations

The efficiency of social insect colonies critically depends on their ability to efficiently allocate workers to the various tasks which need to be performed. While numerous models have investigated the mechanisms allowing an efficient colony response to external changes in the environment and internal perturbations, little attention has been devoted to the genetic architecture underlying task specialization. We used artificial evolution to compare the performances of three simple genetic architectures underlying within-colony variation in response thresholds of workers to five tasks. In the ‘deterministic mapping’ system, the thresholds of individuals for each of the five tasks is strictly genetically determined. In the second genetic architecture (‘probabilistic mapping’), the genes only influence the probability of engaging in one of the tasks. Finally, in the ‘dynamic mapping’ system, the propensity of workers to engage in one of the five tasks depends not only on their own genotype, but also on the behavioural phenotypes of other colony members. We found that the deterministic mapping system performed well only when colonies consisted of unrelated individuals and were not subjected to perturbations in task allocation. The probabilistic mapping system performed well for colonies of related and unrelated individuals when there were no perturbations. Finally, the dynamic mapping system performed well under all conditions and was much more efficient than the two other mapping systems when there were perturbations. Overall, our simulations reveal that the type of mapping between genotype and individual behaviour greatly influences the dynamics of task specialization and colony productivity. Our simulations also reveal complex interactions between the mode of mapping, level of within-colony relatedness and risk of colony perturbations.
Making an information state-based spoken dialogue system less fragile

We describe several architectural features of the Athosagentbased framework for the construction of spoken dialogue systems, and additional features in two application demonstrators, AthosMail and AthosNews , that contribute to the robustness of their operation. These include adaptation of recognition resources to personal and application data, use of a broad-coverage robust parser as an intermediate layer between ASR and logical interpretation building, discourse model preinitialization, sophisticated reasoning-based discourse interpreter capable of resolving complex expressions referring to sets and individuals.
A 4-bit SiGe passive phase shifter for X-band phased arrays

This paper presents a 4-bit passive phase shifter for X-band (8-12 GHz) phased-arrays, implemented in 0.25-μm SiGe BiCMOS process. All bits are digitally controlled. The 22.5° and 45° bits are based on switched low-pass network while the 90° and 180° bits are based on switching between high-pass/low-pass filters. Filters are implemented using on-chip spiral inductors and high-Q MIM capacitors. Switching functionality is obtained by isolated NMOS transistors employing resistive body floating technique. All bits are optimized to minimize the RMS phase error. Ordering of bits is optimized so as to minimize the overall insertion loss. Simulated insertion loss is 12±2 dB and RMS phase error is less than 2° over X-band frequencies.
The language of the Transeurasian farmers

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The validity and reliability of relative body fat estimates and the construction of new prediction equations for young Japanese adult males

The aims of this study were to assess the reliability and validity of three methods of bioelectrical impedance analysis (based on induction between the hand and foot, between one foot and the other foot and between one hand and the other hand) and the skinfold method, and to construct prediction equations for total body density by examining cross-validity in young Japanese adult males. The participants were 50 Japanese males aged 18-27 years (height 1.72 - 0.06 m, body mass 64.9 - 9.0 kg; mean - s ), each of whom was measured twice using each of the four methods. Relative body fat based on underwater weighing was used as the criterion for validity. To construct prediction equations for body density, we used multiple regression analysis, whereby all possible combinations were examined. The reliability of all three bioelectrical impedance methods was high ( R = 0.999). Three new prediction equations were constructed for the hand-foot method, foot-foot method and skinfold method. The cross-validity of the equations was guaranteed. The relative body fat calculated using the new equations did not differ from that based on the underwater weighing method.
Escherichia coli CdtB Mediates Cytolethal Distending Toxin Cell Cycle Arrest

ABSTRACT We previously reported that the CdtB polypeptide ofEscherichia coli cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) shares significant pattern-specific homology with mammalian type I DNases. In addition, the DNase-related residues of CdtB are required for cellular toxicity. Here we demonstrate that purified CdtB converts supercoiled plasmid DNA to relaxed and linear forms and promotes cell cycle arrest when combined with an E. coli extract containing CdtA and CdtC. CdtB alone had no effect on HeLa cells, however; introduction of the polypeptide into HeLa cells by electroporation resulted in cellular distension, chromatin fragmentation, and cell cycle arrest, all of which are consequences of CDT action. In contrast to these findings, purified CdtBH154A lacked both DNA-nicking and cell cycle arrest activities. These results suggest a functional relationship between DNase-related residues in CdtB and CDT biological activity.
Chatter: Classifying malware families using system event ordering

Using runtime execution artifacts to identify malware and its associated “family” is an established technique in the security domain. Many papers in the literature rely on explicit features derived from network, file system, or registry interaction. While effective, use of these fine-granularity data points makes these techniquse computationally expensive. Moreover, the signatures and heuristics this analysis produces are often circumvented by subsequent malware authors. To this end we propose CHATTER, a system that is concerned only with the order in which high-level system events take place. Individual events are mapped onto an alphabet and execution traces are captured via terse concatenations of those letters. Then, leveraging an analyst labeled corpus of malware, n-gram document classification techniques are applied to produce a classifier predicting malware family. This paper describes that technique and its proof-of-concept evaluation. In its prototype form only network events are considered and three malware families are highlighted. We show the technique achieves roughly 80% accuracy in isolation and makes non-trivial performance improvements when integrated with a baseline classifier of non-ordered features (with an accuracy of roughly 95%).
Evaluation of Fast-Forward Video Visualization

We evaluate and compare video visualization techniques based on fast-forward. A controlled laboratory user study (n = 24) was conducted to determine the trade-off between support of object identification and motion perception, two properties that have to be considered when choosing a particular fast-forward visualization. We compare four different visualizations: two representing the state-of-the-art and two new variants of visualization introduced in this paper. The two state-of-the-art methods we consider are frame-skipping and temporal blending of successive frames. Our object trail visualization leverages a combination of frame-skipping and temporal blending, whereas predictive trajectory visualization supports motion perception by augmenting the video frames with an arrow that indicates the future object trajectory. Our hypothesis was that each of the state-of-the-art methods satisfies just one of the goals: support of object identification or motion perception. Thus, they represent both ends of the visualization design. The key findings of the evaluation are that object trail visualization supports object identification, whereas predictive trajectory visualization is most useful for motion perception. However, frame-skipping surprisingly exhibits reasonable performance for both tasks. Furthermore, we evaluate the subjective performance of three different playback speed visualizations for adaptive fast-forward, a subdomain of video fast-forward.
Two Cases of Diagnosis and Removal of Endobronchial Hamartoma by Cryotherapy via Flexible Bronchoscopy

Although endobronchial hamartoma is a rare benign tumor, most patients with endobronchial hamartoma have respiratory symptoms such as obstructive pneumonia, hemoptysis, cough, or dyspnea due to bronchial obstruction. It can cause irreversible post-obstructive pulmonary destruction, thus early diagnosis and treatment is very important. Recently, there have been cases of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and electrocautery procedures for bronchoscopic treatment of malignant or benign central airway obstruction with comparable therapeutic efficacy and few complications. Bronchoscopic cryotherapy is a newly developed technique for management of central airway obstruction. Moreover, it provides diagnostic methods with improving diagnostic yield and safety. We report two cases of endobronchial hamartoma, each diagnosed and definitively treated with bronchoscopic techniques. Endobronchial biopsy and removal was successfully performed by cryotherapy via flexible bronchoscopy without notable complications. Follow-up bronchoscopic examinations excluded residual or recurrent disease.
Business Process Mining Success

Process mining has developed into a popular research discipline and nowadays its associated techniques are widely applied in practice. What is currently ill-understood is how the success of a process mining project can be measured and what the antecedent factors of process mining success are. We consider an improved, grounded understanding of these aspects of value to better manage the effectiveness and efficiency of process mining projects in practice. As such, we advance a model, tailored to the characteristics of process mining projects, which identifies and relates success factors and measures. We draw inspiration from the literature from related fields for the construction of a theoretical, a priori model. That model has been validated and re-specified on the basis of a multiple case study, which involved four industrial process mining projects. The unique contribution of this paper is that it presents the first set of success factors and measures on the basis of an analysis of real process mining projects. The presented model can also serve as a basis for further extension and refinement using insights from additional analyses.
Accurate Camera Calibration Using Iteratively Optimized Algorithm of Control Points

Camera calibration and image correction is an important step for most of the computer vision tasks, like 3D metric measurement and multi-view stereo. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for camera calibration and image correction. It considers the inaccuracy of 3D pattern (like chessboard) and the lens distortion effect on the feature point detection. After each iteration, the estimated parameters are used to undistorted the images to have better feature detection. The established 3D-2D points are more accurate for further camera calibration. A comparative study based on synthetic data, real image and data from our 3D scanner corrupted by reasonable levels of noise shows that the proposed algorithm successfully calibrated, corrected the distorted images and precisely reconstructed the captured laser stripes in 3D space.
SSA – A Hybrid Approach to Sentiment Analysis of Stocks

Recent studies suggest various approaches to the problem of analyzing sentiment attributed to stocks cited in news sites and blogs across the web. These approaches, though they may differ in their specific choice of implementation, are generally based on dictionary and phrase level Sentiment Analysis (SA) compounded by simple Machine Learning strategies. Theoretical confounds notwithstanding, such approaches fail to analyze the sentiment correctly when confronted with ambiguous contexts. In this paper we introduce the Stock Sentiment Analysis (SSA) hybrid system which integrates 3 complementing modules: a Dictionary Based SA, a Pattern Based SA, and a Semantic Event Based SA. Following a detailed description of the SSA system, we present a set of experiments which demonstrate the high accuracy of the system and show that the hybrid 3-module architecture generates a synergistic effect which is crucial to its success.
[Physiology of the cerebral circulation].

No wonder you activities are, reading will be always needed. It is not only to fulfil the duties that you need to finish in deadline time. Reading will encourage your mind and thoughts. Of course, reading will greatly develop your experiences about everything. Reading physiology of the cerebral circulation is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages. The advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.
Complete Path Planning for Planar Closed Chains Among Point Obstacles

A method to compute an exact cell decomposition and corresponding connectivity graph of the configuration space (C-space) of a planar closed chain manipulator moving among point obstacles is developed. By studying the global properties of the loop closure and collision constraint set, a cylindrical decomposition of the collision-free portion of C-space (C-free) is obtained without translating the constraints into polynomials as required by Collins’ method [1]. Once the graph is constructed, motion planning proceeds in the usual way; graph search followed by path construction. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Design of Trade-Off Processing Mechanism in User Information Disclosure Decision Method

A trade-off relationship arises between the protection of user information and the quality of service that users can receive. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the disaster information while taking the trade-off relationship is into consideration. In regard to this issue, we propose a method for rationally deciding the extent of the user information to be disclosed. We then discuss the effectiveness of the proposed method through evaluation experiments.
Design and measurement of 6.4 Gbps 8:1 multiplexer in 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS process

We develop and measure a 8:1 multiplexer in a CMOS 0.18/spl mu/m process. We design the hybrid multiplexer based on a prior detailed performance evaluation both of CMOS static and current mode logic circuits, and build a hybrid structure. The fabricated chip operates at up to 6.4 Gbps with power consumption of 84mW.
Discrimination of native protein structures using atom–atom contact scoring

We introduce a method for discriminating correctly folded proteins from well designed decoy structures using atom–atom and atom–solvent contact surfaces. The measure used to quantify contact surfaces integrates the solvent accessible surface and interatomic contacts into one quantity, allowing solvent to be treated as an atom contact. A scoring function was derived from statistical contact preferences within known protein structures and validated by using established protein decoy sets, including the “Rosetta” decoys and data from the CASP4 structure predictions. The scoring function effectively distinguished native structures from all corresponding decoys in >90% of the cases, using isolated protein subunits as target structures. If contacts between subunits within quaternary structures are included, the accuracy increases to 97%. Interactions beyond atom–atom contact range were not required to distinguish native structures from the decoys using this method. The contact scoring performed as well or better than existing statistical and physicochemical potentials and may be applied as an independent means of evaluating putative structural models.