Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVED EFFICIENCY AND REDUCED CO2 EMISSIONS IN DRY BULK SHIPPING STEMMING FROM THE RELAXATION OF THE PANAMAX BEAM CONSTRAINT

In 2014 the Panama Canal Authority is scheduled to bring into commission new locks that will eliminate the long standing Panamax beam constraint of 32.2m. The expansion of the canal is aimed at increased capacity for container transits but will clearly have consequences for all types of vessel. There is an emerging demand for dry bulk carriers that are larger than the current Panamax limit of around 85,000 dwt but smaller than the Capesize class of around 160,000 dwt and the expansion of the canal will facilitate this development. Larger vessels will permit economies of scale and greater efficiency in the dry bulk shipping sector compared to what is currently possible with conventional Panamax ships. The relaxation of the constraint will additionally permit the development of more efficient hull forms than is possible within the existing beam constraint and the expansion of the Panama Canal’s locks will therefore (eventually) contribute directly to the reduction of CO2 produced by dry bulk shipping. The use of the Panamax constraint is far wider than the dry bulk sector, however, and the potential for reduction in carbon emissions for other sectors currently constrained to 32.2m beam is recommended for further study to evaluate the total carbon reduction ‘windfall’ that could result from the expansion of the Canal.
Effect of Bio-Nitrogen as a Partial Alternative to Mineral-nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Head Quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Var. Italica)

2 Abstract: Two field experiments were conducted in an area of newly reclaimed land during two winter seasons of 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 at El-Nuberia Province, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt to study the effect of bio-nitrogen and different levels of mineral nitrogen on vegetative growth, yield and head quality of broccoli (cv. Hybrid Decathlon). The treatments included three bio-nitrogen treatments i.e. without bio- fertilization, Azospirillum brasilense and Azotobacter chroococcum were combined with three levels of mineral nitrogen, i.e. 60, 90 and 120 kg N per faddan (one faddan = 0.42 ha). Plants treated with bio-nitrogen had higher vegetative growth, i.e. plant length, leaves number, fresh weight of leaves, stems and total plant, dry weight of leaves and heads, main head yield and physical heads quality (weight and diameter) as well as N, P and K content of leaves and heads of broccoli than the untreated (control). Azotobacter chroococcum treatment is superior in these characters of vegetative growth, main head yield and physical heads quality (weight and diameter), as well as, N, P and K content of leaves and heads of broccoli followed by the treatment of Azospirillum brasilense compared with non-inoculated plants (control). Nitrogen levels differed statistically in their effects on the vegetative growth of broccoli plants (plant height, leaves number per plant, fresh weight of leaves, stems and spears, dry weight of leaves and spears, main spear yield and physical head quality (weight and diameter), as well as, N, P and K content of leaves and heads. The highest vegetative growth was obtained by adding 120 kg N/faddan, followed by 90 kg N/faddan, which came in the second order. The lowest values of vegetative growth, main head yield, physical heads quality and N, P and K of broccoli leaves and heads were obtained by 60 kg N/faddan. The results indicated that combined effect of bio-fertilization and mineral nitrogen levels caused statistical increases in vegetative growth, yield, N, P and K content of broccoli leaves and heads. The highest vegetative growth, yield and chemical contents were obtained by the combined effect of 120 kg N/faddan with bio-nitrogen Azospirillum brasilense.
Mitochondrial and nuclear diversity of colonies of varying origins: contrasting patterns inferred from the intergenic tRNAleu-cox2 region and immune SNPs

Abstract In this study, we gathered sequence data from the tRNAleu-cox2 intergenic mitochondrial (mtDNA) region concurrently with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from 91 loci of nuclear DNA (ncDNA). The data was obtained from 156 colonies sampled in six apiaries from four countries. The full dataset was analysed and discussed for genetic patterns with a focus on cytonuclear diversity and admixture levels.
Diminished GAD67 Terminals and Ambient GABA Inhibition Associated with Reduced Motor Neuron Recruitment Threshold in the SOD1G93A ALS mouse

Pre-symptomatic studies in mouse models of the neurodegenerative motor neuron (MN) disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) highlight early alterations in intrinsic and synaptic excitability and have supported an excitotoxic theory of MN death. However, a role for synaptic inhibition in disease development is not sufficiently explored among other mechanisms. Since inhibition plays a role in both regulating motor output and in neuroprotection, we examined the age-dependent anatomical changes in inhibitory presynaptic terminals on MN cell bodies using fluorescent immunohistochemistry for GAD67 (GABA) and GlyT2 (glycine) presynaptic proteins comparing ALS-vulnerable trigeminal jaw closer (JC) motor pools with the ALS-resistant extraocular (EO) MNs in the SOD1G93A mouse model for ALS. Our results indicate differential patterns of temporal changes of these terminals in vulnerable versus resilient MNs and relative differences between SOD1G93A and wild-type (WT) MNs. Notably, we found pre-symptomatic up-regulation in inhibitory terminals in the EO MNs while the vulnerable JC MNs mostly showed a decrease in inhibitory terminals. Specifically, there was a statistically significant decrease in the GAD67 somatic abuttal in the SOD1G93A JC MNs compared to WT around P12. Using in vitro patch-clamp electrophysiology, we found a parallel decrease in the ambient GABA-dependent tonic inhibition in the SOD1G93A JC MNs. While it is unclear if the two mechanisms are directly related, pharmacological blockade of specific subtype of GABAA-α5 receptors suggests that tonic inhibition can control MN recruitment threshold. Furthermore, reduction in tonic GABA current as observed here in the mutant, identifies a putative molecular mechanism explaining our observations of hyperexcitable shifts in JC MN recruitment threshold in the SOD1G93A mouse. Lastly, we showcase non-parametric resampling-based bootstrap statistics for data analyses, and provide the Python code on GitHub for wider reuse.
Lapse and Relapse Rates in Narcotics Anonymous versus Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A 12-Month Prospective Study

Objective: The present study aimed to compare lapse and relapse-free survival between patients treated in Narcotics Anonymous (NA) groups and Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) centers and to determine the relationship between social support scale and treatment outcome. Method: This study was a prospective, 12-month cohort study using the random sampling method to select 100 newcomer patients treated by the NA Association as well as 100 patients in MMT centers. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Social Support Appraisals (SSA) scale at the onset of the study along with follow-up phone calls every other week. Results: All participants were male, aged between 18 and 65 with a mean (SD) age of 38.98 (± 10.85) years. Prevalence of relapse in 12 months was 60.5%. The lapses in the MMT group and relapses in the NA group were significantly higher (P < 0.001). The younger patients with lower levels of education are at greater risk of lapse/relapse. The mean score of SSA was significantly higher in the MMT group than the NA group in all subscales, including friends, family, and the others' support (P < 0.001). The mean scores of SSA subscales for the participants without relapse in the NA group was significantly higher in comparison to the MMT group. Conclusion: Detection of factors related to drug abuse relapse/lapse may help addiction therapists to identify drug abuse patients with lapse/relapse and to develop treatment and policy guidelines to prevent relapse in addiction recovery.
How Does Spacing Shape Affect Tree Growth? -Preliminary Study of an Area Fixed, Shape Change Design Plot Experiment-

: The eﬀect of spacing shape is one of the major problems of tree growth modeling. Nelder (1962) proposed an area (cid:12)xed, shape change plot design (design Ib) to solve the spacing-shape problem. We analyzed periodically measured data from a design Ib type plot of Picea glehnii planted in the Hitsujigaoka experimental forest at the Hokkaido Research Center of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. As a preliminary result, spacing shape aﬀected growth in both DBH and height.
Comparative Study of Building Performance Assessment Schemes in Hong Kong

Having access to information is essential when one needs to make a decision to buy property or renovate a building. However, information concerning the health, safety, and environmental performance of buildings is not always readily available. This creates a need for building performance assessment tools. This paper aims to compare the building performance assessment schemes available for use in Hong Kong, namely The Hong Kong Building Environment Assessment Method (HK-BEAM), The Intelligent Building Index (IBI), The Building Quality Index (BQI), and The Comprehensive Environmental Performance Assessment Scheme for Buildings (CEPAS). Their similarities and differences are pinpointed and discussed in detail. The findings of this study will serve as a guide for practitioners to decide on the schemes that best suit their purposes.
CAUSES OF ORGANISATIONAL CONFLICT IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS IN GHANA: A STUDY IN TAMALE HIGH COURT

Organizational conflicts are generally inevitable in public institutions. However, there seems to be paucity of studies on the causes of organisational conflict in public institutions in Ghana in general and Tamale High Court in particular. This article seeks to bridge this knowledge gap by determining the causal factors of organizational conflicts in the Tamale High Court. The research gathered data from both primary and secondary sources and used the case study approach. The key instruments used for the data collection were interview guides. A total of fifteen (15) participants; eight (8) senior staff and seven (7) junior staff who took part in this study were purposively selected. The study found out that ineffective organisational system, unpredictable policies, tribalism, incompatible goals, poor communication, distribution of duties, lack of benefits, varying views on accountability, poor relations between senior and junior staff, disagreement between employees and employers, clashing of one’s role, selfishness among employers and employees, politics and difference in educational background, personal experiences, religion and gender are the factors causing conflict at Tamale High Court. It is recommended that the staff of Tamale High Court should be cordial and work harmoniously towards the administration of Justice in Ghana. It is further recommended that the management of Judicial Service in the Northern Region of Ghana apart from the Complaint Unit design a system where grievances can be tackled easily when there are conflicts. Keywords: Causes, Organizational Conflict, Public Institutions, Tamale High Court, Northern Region, Ghana.
Evaluation of Heat Exchange Rate in Horizontal Slinky and Coil Type Ground Heat Exchangers Considering Pitch Interval

The need of geothermal energy is constantly increasing for economical and environmental utilization. Horizontal ground heat exchangers (GHEs) can reduce installation cost and increase efficiency. There are many kinds of GHEs, and it is known that slinky and spiral coil type GHEs show high thermal performance. Therefore, this paper presents experimental results of heat exchange rates in horizontal slinky and spiral coil type GHEs installed in a steel box whose size is . Dried Joomunjin standard sand was filled in a steel box, and thermal response tests (TRTs) were conducted for 30 hours to evaluate heat exchange rates by changing different pitch spaces of horizontal slinky and spiral coil type GHEs. As a result, spiral coil type GHE showed 30~40% higher heat exchange rates per pipe length than horizontal slinky type GHEs. Furthermore, long pitch interval (Pitch/Diameter
INTEGRATING KANBAN TYPE PULL SYSTEMS AND MRP TYPE PUSH SYSTEMS: INSIGHTS FROM A MARKOVIAN MODEL

Approaches to multistage production scheduling can be conveniently classified into push type (i.e., Materials Requirements Planning (MRP) systems) or pull type (i.e., kanban systems). Each is generally thought to have both advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, a hybrid push/pull strategy is developed with the aim of gaining the advantages of both approaches. Material flow between work centers is regulated using the standard single card kanban/pull arrangement. Superimposed on this is the MRP-type information flow which feeds forward demand information directly to one or more (but not necessarily all) work centers. A general N-stage hybrid push/pull model is developed. The use of the approach is illustrated using 3-stage and 4-stage serial flowlines. The results indicate that the push/pull approach has lower inventory levels and a better response to demand changes than the pure pull system. The hybrid approach seems to combine many of die advantages of MRP approaches while retaining much of the simp.
Supporting elementary school classroom management: an implementation study of the CW-FIT program

Abstract Class-Wide Function-Related Intervention Teams (CW-FIT) is a classroom management system using a group contingency involving direct teaching of classroom rules/skills, differential reinforcement of appropriate behaviors, and minimized social attention to inappropriate behaviors. We investigated elementary school teachers’ implementation of CW-FIT with minimal reliance on external researcher support. Nine teachers and their classes participated. Ten students nominated as at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) were individually monitored. Effects were examined using a single case reversal design. During CW-FIT implementation teachers’ use of praise increased and reprimands decreased, on-task behavior increased in all classrooms, and seven of the at-risk students also showed decreased disruptive behaviors. Teacher and student social validity ratings indicated support of and satisfaction with the program. Implications for classroom practice are discussed.
Physical Activity and Exercise for Older People Living with HIV: A Scoping Review

Introduction Improvements in physical, mental, and overall quality of life are well documented in younger HIV populations who exercise. Exercise guidelines exist for younger HIV populations, but none for older people living with HIV (OPLWH), especially 50 years of age and older. Our aim was to map the existing literature on the effects of exercise and physical activity prescriptions for OPLWH. Methods We conducted a scoping review using the methodological framework proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Online searches on five research databases yielded 503 published articles. Fifteen studies met the study’s inclusion criteria. Results The most commonly used parameters of exercise included aerobic and strength training, as well as a combination of both. The physical, psychological and Quality of Life (QoL) impact of physical activity and its effect on OPLWH is evidently beneficial. Overall, a positive correlation between exercise and physical, mental and functional status was observed. No adverse side effects, or safety and efficacy concerns, during the use of exercise were reported. Conclusion This review confirms the dearth of evidence on physical activity and exercise in the context of OPLWH. Of greater concern is the fact that there were no studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa, the global region with by far the highest HIV burden.
Performance of Kampung Super chicken and Bangkok chicken first generation (G1) until the age of 12 weeks

<p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this research was to determine the performance of the first generation (G1) Kampung Super and Bangkok chicken aged 12 weeks<span lang="EN-GB">. </span></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>The research material were G1 Kampung Super and Bangkok chicken with 174 samples for each strain. This research was using the experimental method. The data collected included body weight, body weight gain, body measurements, and selected responses. The body weight, body weight gain, and body measurements data were analyzed using t-test independent, while the average value vector of body measured using <em><span>T<sup>2</sup>-Hotelling test. </span></em> Principal Component Analysis ware used to identify the characteristics of body shape and size. <strong></strong></p><p class="MDPI17abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The results of this study showed that body weight, body weight gain of DOC-4 weeks, 4-8 weeks, 8-12 weeks, and body measurements of G1 Kampung Super chickens were real different higher (P<0.05) than G1 Bangkok. The identifier of the size of the G1 Kampung Super and Bangkok chicken is the chest circumference. The characteristics of the shape G1 Kampung Super chicken is the length of the wings and the G1 Bangkok chicken is the lower body lenght. The selection response of G1 Kampung Super is higher than G1 Bangkok<span lang="EN-GB">. </span><strong></strong></p><p><strong><span>Conclusions: </span></strong>The<span> performance of G1 Kampung Super chicken was higher than G1 Bangkok chicken but the selection response value of G1 Bangkok chicken was higher than G1 Kampung Super chicken. The highest body weight gain of G1 Kampung Super and Bangkok chickens was achieved at the age of 8-12 weks</span><span lang="EN-GB">. </span></p>
Modelling the impact of urban and hospital wastewaters eco-exposomes on the antibiotic-resistance dynamics

Antibiotic-resistance emergence and selection have become major public health issues globally. The presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in natural and anthroposophical environments threatens to compromise the sustainability of care in human and animal populations. This study was undertaken to develop a simple model formalizing the selective impact of antibiotics and pollutants on the dynamics of bacterial resistance in water and use the model to analyze longitudinal spatiotemporal data collected in hospital and urban wastewaters. Longitudinal-sampling data were collected between 2012 and 2015 in four different locations in Haute-Savoie, France: hospital and urban wastewaters, before and after water-treatment plants. Concentration in three different types of compounds: 1) heavy metals 2) antibiotics and 3) surfactants; and abundance of 88 individual genes and mobile genetic elements, mostly conferring resistance to antibiotics, were simultaneously collected. A simple hypothesis-driven model describing the weekly ARB dynamics was proposed to fit available data by assuming normalized gene abundance to be proportional to ARB populations in water. Compounds impacts on the dynamics of 17 genes found in multiple sites were estimated. We found that while mercury and vancomycin had relevant effects on ARB dynamics, respectively positively affecting the dynamics of 10 and 12 identified genes, surfactants antagonistically affected genes dynamics (identified for three genes). This simple model enables analyzing the relationship between resistance-gene persistence in aquatic environments and specific compounds inherent to human activities. Applying our model to longitudinal data, we identified compounds that act as co-selectors for antibiotic resistance. Highlights We analyzed longitudinal wastewater resistance genes and environmental data We developed a simple hypothesis-driven model to assess resistance selection Mercury and vancomycin were key drivers of antibiotic resistance in wastewater
High voltage substation equivalent circuits in the lightning performance estimation

The results of the systematic investigation of the influence of the high voltage substation equivalent circuit configuration in lightning performance estimation are presented. The effect of the overvoltage increase in the equivalent circuit with more than one capacitance connected, compared to the case of the single capacitance equivalent circuit, is explained and the procedure for a number of equivalent circuit elements reduction is presented. For five typical substation layouts, the complete sensitivity analysis of the equivalent circuit configuration is completed.
A Rigorous Technique for Measuring the Scattering Matrix of a Multiport Device with a 2-Port Network Analyzer

A new measurement technique is described that eliminates the mismatched-induced errors that occur when the scattering matrix of a multiport device is measured with a 2-port network analyzer. These errors arise from neglecting the finite reflections from the imperfect auxiliary loads terminating the unused ports of the device under test in each of the required 2-port measurements. It is shown how a systematic application of the generalized scattering matrix renormalization transform completely eliminates these errors. This new method is completely general and can therefore be applied to measurements of the scattering matrix of an n-port device with an m-port network analyzer (m
Why Do Small Firms Implement Web Sales? The Italian Olive Oil Case

Abstract The current paper aims to explore the drivers of the implementation of e-commerce and social commerce among Italian virgin olive oil micro-companies (10 employees or less), according to the Technology-Organization-Environment framework. In order to observe this phenomenon over time, a Generalized Linear Mixed Model was used for the analysis, because it allows considering the heterogeneity characteristic of such types of companies. The results show that technological change is influencing the drivers toward e-commerce adoption and that the size is not as important as it seems. The implementation of new technological sales channels could allow not only to broaden micro firms’ sales horizons but also to overcome significant geographical barriers, enabling expansion toward otherwise inaccessible international markets. It is even more critical considering that the current pandemic situation is forcing the transition from direct/physical to online sales.