Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Catchment Functioning Under Prolonged Drought Stress: Tracer‐Aided Ecohydrological Modeling in an Intensively Managed Agricultural Catchment

High spatial heterogeneity of catchment properties enhances the variability of ecohydrological responses to changing natural and anthropogenic conditions, like the European‐wide droughts in 2018–2019. Based on new adaptations of a tracer‐aided, process‐based ecohydrological model (EcH2O‐iso), we investigated drought‐induced nonstationary ecohydrological behavior in a small agricultural headwater catchment (1.44 km2) in central Germany. Multiple environmental time‐series helped inform various aspects of catchment functioning that have been impacted by agricultural activity and changing climate conditions and helped to further constrain model calibration. Multi‐criteria calibration showed that data collected during drought years were highly informative in reproducing the changes in stream water dynamics. Further, inclusion of δ2H and δ18O data was valuable for reducing model uncertainty and increasing confidence in simulations of green‐ and blue‐water flux partitioning and storage‐flux‐age interactions. Using the best‐performing calibrations, we further analyzed the high spatiotemporal variability of internal ecohydrological processes and the varying responses of fluxes and associated water ages to prolonged drought stress. Under drought conditions, modeled stream runoff contributed from deeper, older storages increased significantly after a particularly wet season, resulting in a sharp increase in stream water age. Unlike relatively minor changes in soil evaporation, seasonally typical transpiration fluxes were initially maintained in April–June but dramatically decreased as the drought further developed in July–September. Importantly, the tracer‐based transpired water age was much older after April, providing a potential indicator of drought impacts and the need for precautionary management responses. Our findings are important for similar agricultural headwater ecosystems in other drought‐sensitive regions.
Memory and Cache Contention Denial-of-Service Attack in Mobile Edge Devices

In this paper, we introduce a memory and cache contention denial-of-service attack and its hardware-based countermeasure. Our attack can significantly degrade the performance of the benign programs by hindering the shared resource accesses of the benign programs. It can be achieved by a simple C-based malicious code while degrading the performance of the benign programs by 47.6% on average. As another side-effect, our attack also leads to greater energy consumption of the system by 2.1× on average, which may cause shorter battery life in the mobile edge devices. We also propose detection and mitigation techniques for thwarting our attack. By analyzing L1 data cache miss request patterns, we effectively detect the malicious program for the memory and cache contention denial-of-service attack. For mitigation, we propose using instruction fetch width throttling techniques to restrict the malicious accesses to the shared resources. When employing our malicious program detection with the instruction fetch width throttling technique, we recover the system performance and energy by 92.4% and 94.7%, respectively, which means that the adverse impacts from the malicious programs are almost removed.
Grape Disease Detection Network Based on Multi-Task Learning and Attention Features

The disease-free growth of a plant is highly influential for both environment and human life. However, there are numerous plant diseases such as viruses, fungus, and micro-organisms that affect the growth and agricultural production of a plant. Grape esca, black-rot, and isariopsis are multi-symptomatic soil-borne diseases. Often, these diseases may cause leaves drop or sometimes even vanishes the plant/plant vicinity. Hence, early detection and prevention becomes necessary and must be treated on time for better grape growth and productivity. The state-of-the-art either involve classical computer vision techniques such as edge detection/segmentation or regression-based object detection applied over UAV images. In addition, the treatment is not viable until detected leaves are classified for actual disease/symptoms. This results in increased time and cost consumption. Therefore, in this paper, a grape leaf disease detection network (GLDDN) is proposed that utilizes dual attention mechanisms for feature evaluation, detection, and classification. At evaluation stage, the experimentation performed over benchmark dataset confirms that disease detection network could be fairly befitting than the existing methods since it recognizes as well as detects the infected/diseased regions. With the proposed disease detection mechanism, we achieved an overall accuracy of 99.93% accuracy for esca, black-rot and isariopsis detection.
An analysis of 4c skill on heat in facing the industrial revolution era 4.0

The purpose of writing this article is to find out how to build human character to face the industrial era 4.0, so that they have an understanding of digital literal dimensions and can increase the graduates’ competence who have 4Cs skills (critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication) by using collaborative inquiry, especially on temperature and heat material. This type of research is a quasi experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The result of this research is that students 4Css skills using collaborative inquiry learning model are better than students4Cs skills using conventional learning at SMA Negeri 14 Medan. Then, it is hoped that they will be able to produce humans who are in accordance with the demands of the industrial era 4.0. With 4Cs skills, they can gain and increase cooperation in a group to solve certain problems, increase their tolerance for peer opinions, try to think critically and creatively to solve problems related to something.
Gadolinium-doped polymeric as a shielding material for X-ray

A relatively new polymeric base compounds (CnH2n) had been proposed as a shielding material for 150 keV photon for an X-ray laboratory. When doped with 8 % gadolinium (Gd), a thickness of 2 cm shielding compound (6 g cm−3) could attenuate more than 90 % of the incident photons with an average dose rate reduction of more than 88 % for 150 keV incident photon. While considering the transmitted photons after the shielding, it is necessary to account for reflected photons and its dose contribution. The reflected photons and ambient dose equivalent were calculated for single-photon energy of 150 keV and an X-ray of 150 kVp. The shielding compound was successfully attenuated most of the incident photon energies particularly below 90 keV. In both cases of photon sources, two significant reflected photon peaks at ~40 and 50 keV were observed as a result of Gd characteristic X-rays. A Compton scattered photon at energy of 95 keV appeared as a result of large scattering angle within 130° -140° for 150 keV incident photons. Thus it is necessary to add a thin inner layer at the source-facing side of the shielding compound to shield the radiation workers and patient inside the X-ray room during the X-ray procedure. An iron layer with thickness of 0.5 cm was adequate to shield almost completely the reflected photons and ambient dose for X-ray 150 kVp source
Seasonal paleoecological records from antler collagen δ13C and δ15N

Abstract. Cervids living in high latitudes have evolved to thrive in ecosystems that experience dramatic seasonal changes. Understanding these seasonal adaptations is important for reconstructing cervid life histories, ecosystem dynamics, and responses in the distant and not-so-distant past to changing seasonality caused by climate change. Cervid antlers provide a rare opportunity for insight into faunal seasonal ecology, as they are grown and shed each year. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen measured directly from antlers have the potential to provide seasonal dietary data for individuals. If the isotopic signals in bone and antler are controlled by the same metabolic processes, then the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of collagen (δ13CColl and δ15NColl) from incrementally grown antler tissue provide time-constrained dietary signals from the spring and summer growth season. Bone, by comparison, provides an average signal over several years. The amino acid (glutamate and phenylalanine) δ15N in antlers from modern captive caribou showed similar trophic discrimination factors to earlier results for other collagenous tissues (bone, tooth dentin, and cementum). Hence, growth rate was not the primary control on the stable isotope composition of antler collagen. We applied this knowledge to assess seasonal shifts in Quaternary fossils of three Cervidae species: elk (Cervus elaphus), moose (Alces alces), and caribou (Rangifer tarandus). Paired antler–bone δ13CColl and δ15NColl from the same individual were used to identify differences between summer and annual diet and ecology. Intra-antler isotopic variability from serially sampled antlers was used to examine seasonal dietary shifts and specialization.
Original article AN INVESTIGATION OF TOXICITY POTENTIAL OF NIMESULIDE IN JUVENILE RATS

Nimesulide has been widely used in pediatry for treatment of inflammation associated to respiratory tract infections, fever, several chronic inflammatory conditions, and pain in many countries. However, very few but serious cases of adverse effects, particularly hepatic dysfunction and liver injury have been reported. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in nimesulide-in duced adverse effects, including hepatotoxicity. However, several reports demonstrated the reducing effect of nimesulide on oxidative damage and its direct free radical scavenging activity. This study was performed to investigate the effects of nimesulide on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in juvenile rats as well as its tissue damage potential. Four weeks-old Wistar albino, female rats were used. Nimesulide was given by gavage at two doses for 14 days. Blood and tissue samples were taken under pentobarbital anesthesia. Nimesulide treatment caused increase in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decrease in catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6P-DH) activities were not changed. Tissue damage and changes in some serum parameters were also observed.Our results, indicating the possibility of tissue damage and alterations of oxidant/antio xidant status by nimesulide, might provide important contribution to the literature about the cautions for nimesulide use in juveniles.
Microstructural and mechanical characteristic of ceramic composite coating developed by electrophoretic deposition

Ceramic-composite coating consisted of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ), Fe2O3 and aluminum powder has been successfully formed on Inconel 625 substrate by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The coating density depends not only on the stability of the EPD suspension but also on the applied voltage. In the present study, a single stage voltage treatment at 60V and a two-stage voltage treatment at 30V followed by 60V of the EPD were used. A fresh green body of ceramic coating was dried at room temperature for 24 hours prior to heat-treated at temperature of 1200 °C for 4 hours with heating rate of 2°C/min using horizontal heated furnace under argon gas inert. The effect of single- and two-stage treatments on the microstructural and mechanical hardness of the coating were investigated by Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy and Vickers hardness test, respectively. The elemental composition of the coating was analysed by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy and the crystalline phases were identified by x-ray diffractometer. The results showed that a less porous structure, and therefore, higher hardness was observed on the coating formed by a two-stage voltage than that of resulting from a single-stage voltage. The crystalline phase formed on the coatings was dominated by a tetragonal phase of ZrO2.
How Technology Applied to Music-Therapy and Sound-Based Activities Addresses Motor and Social Skills in Autistic Children

Autism affects how people perceive and make sense of the world around them. Autism is a spectrum condition which impacts people in different ways. Also referred to as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), it is characterized by challenges in the domains of social, cognitive and motor functioning, which differ in severity. Previous research suggests that music can have cognitive, psychosocial, behavioural, and motor benefits in this population. We systematically review the use of technology in Music-therapy and related sound-based activities to improve the motor and social skills of children. In May 2020 we conducted a systematic search on Music-therapy and musical activities for autistic children in research databases including Science Direct, APA PsycNet, Cochrane, IEE and Web of Science, to collect relevant studies. We initially collected 5179 papers of which only 27 studies were identified as suitable for the scope of this review. In the paper, we analyse and describe key characteristics of each project. We then highlight the commonalities, strengths and limitations of existing work, and identify implications for future interaction design.
Genetic assessment of BoLA-DRB3 polymorphisms by comparing Bangladesh, Ethiopian, and Korean cattle

Abstract Attributable to their major function in pathogen recognition, the use of bovine leukocyte antigens (BoLA) as disease markers in immunological traits in cattle is well established. However, limited report exists on polymorphism of the BoLA gene in zebu cattle breeds by high resolution typing methods. Thus, we used a polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) method to sequence exon 2 of the BoLA class II DRB3 gene from 100 animals (Boran, n = 13; Sheko, n = 20; Fogera, n = 16; Horro, n = 19), Hanwoo cattle (n = 18) and Bangladesh Red Chittagong zebu (n = 14). Out of the 59 detected alleles, 43 were already deposited under the Immuno Polymorphism Database for major histocompatibility complex (IPD-MHC) while 16 were unique to this study. Assessment of the level of genetic variability at the population and sequence levels with genetic distance in the breeds considered in this study showed that Zebu breeds had a gene diversity score greater than 0.752, nucleotide diversity score greater than 0.152, and mean number of pairwise differences higher than 14, being very comparable to those investigated for other cattle breeds. Regarding neutrality tests analyzed, we investigated that all the breeds except Hanwoo had an excess number of alleles and could be expected from a recent population expansion or genetic hitchhiking. Howbeit, the observed heterozygosity was not significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the expected heterozygosity. The Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) analysis revealed non-significant excess of heterozygote animals, indicative of plausible over-dominant selection. The pairwise FST values suggested a low genetic variation among all the breeds (FST = 0.056; p < 0.05), besides the rooting from the evolutionary or domestication history of the cattle. No detached clade was observed in the evolutionary divergence study of the BoLA-DRB3 gene, inferred from the phylogenetic tree based on the maximum likelihood model. The investigation herein indicated the clear differences in BoLA-DRB3 gene variability between African and Asian cattle breeds.
FACTORS MOTIVATING CODE-MIXING AMONG PALESTINIAN BILINGUAL POST GRADUATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

This study aimed at identifying the main factors that motivate Code-mixing among the M.A. students and graduates who chose Applied Linguistics as their major at An-Najah National University. It also aimed at finding out the differences between the participants responses with respect to the selected variables including age, gender, workplace, student status and years of experience. The selected sample consisted of 32 M.A. regular students and another 22 students who already graduated from the same program. They are either employed for different institutions or have no work at least within the period of distributing the questionnaire. The researchers used an 18-item questionnaire as a tool of the study. The responses elicited from participants were manipulated through using the SPSS package to deduce frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, degrees and significant values. Findings of the study showed that the most frequent motivational factors that stand behind code-mixing were mainly related to speech emphasis, raised topics conformation, addressees understanding of the speech. As for the variables of the study, no statistically significant differences in the means of the participants responses attributed to gender or students status were found. Nevertheless, statistically significant differences attributed to age of the graduate students were found in favor of those above 45 years old.
The Less Known Cyclins—Uncovered

Cyclins belong to a group of proteins that are cyclically produced and destructed in a cell. Cyclins are a family of proteins that are a key component of the cell cycle regulating system, which level of expression depends on the phase of the cycle. Cyclins regulate the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk), thanks to which they influence the length of individual phases of the cell cycle and also determine whether the cell can enter the next life stage. Proper expression of cyclins plays an important role in processes such as proliferation, transcription, DNA repair and cell differentiation. However, dysregulation of their expression is one of the most important disorders leading to the development of different types of cancer, which suggests that cyclins can be defined as a prognostic marker. Currently, we may distinguish >10 members of the cyclins family participating in the division of human cells. The group of less known cyclins includes C, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, O, T and Y cyclins. The present report demonstrates the current state of knowledge considering less known cyclins and their role in normal and cancer cells.
Effect of growing media on the germination and seedling growth of Borneo sour eggplant

Borneo sour eggplant, a popular indigenous fruit vegetable in Borneo, has become an important fruit not only to local people, but also to tourists who visit Borneo. One of the challenges in planting this crop is lacking information, particularly in finding suitable media for its growth, eventually inhibiting local farmers from growing the crop commercially. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of 4 growing media compositions (M1: topsoil, M2: topsoil and compost, M3: topsoil and cocopeat and M4: topsoil, compost and cocopeat) on the germination and growth performance of sour eggplant seedlings. The experiment was tested in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 10 replicates. At the end of germination period, seeds planted in M4 medium produced the highest germination rate of 96.67% and was significantly different (P < 0.05) from those sown in other growing media. However, the performance of the seedlings in terms of height, stem diameter, number of leaves and length of leaves showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in M2 medium. This study has demonstrated that M2 medium could improve the growth performance of the seedlings and therefore is recommended as suitable growing media for planting sour eggplant.
Evaluating Industrial Workers’ Flavonoid Consumption

Literature data show that flavonoids are involved in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases. To draw upon such data so as to formulate recommendations, one needs flavonoid consumption statistics. This paper seeks to evaluate flavonoid consumption among the workers of a chemical facility and uses data from 24-hour meal reports. The sample contained reports from 480 participants (n = 480, 75% of whom are male; aged 22-69). The flavonoid content of their meals was counted using the USDA and Phenol-Explorer (PE) databases as well as data from literature. The research team quantified the presence of specific flavonoids as well as the total flavonoid content of the diet. As part of the study, we evaluated the flavonoid sources in the total daily consumption, including beverages, fruits, and vegetables. Flavonoids mainly came from tea, fruit, and fruit drinks. The average total flavonoid consumption varied from 226 mg/day in females aged 30 to 39 to 464 mg/day in males of the same age group; regardless of the age category, catechins were the most consumed flavonoids. There was a positive correlation between a person’s degree, job, and daily average flavonoid consumption. This research produced data on the consumption of flavonoids among the workers of a chemical facility that could be of use when making dietary recommendations on such consumption.
Oral Health Team in Primary Health Care Favors the Early Diagnosis of Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancers: A Nationwide Study

Background Oral and oropharyngeal cancers are considered an important public health problem around all world. The most effective way to improve survival and reduce disease-related morbidity and mortality is the prevention of its major risk factors combined with early detection. This study aims to analyze the association between late diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancers in Brazil and the contextual socioeconomic and coverage indicators of Primary Health Care (PHC), as well as to assess the temporal trend of the late diagnosis. Methods This observational study evaluated secondary data with a time series analysis. All Brazilian cities that reported at least one case of oral and oropharyngeal cancers each year, between 2000 and 2013 were included. These data were obtained from the National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA); the staging was analyzed by calculating the ratio risk for late diagnosis by municipality. The association between staging and socioeconomic variables and PHC provision was calculated using multiple linear regression. The time trend of the risk ratio for late-stage diagnosis was calculated using the Prais-Winsten method. Results One hundred and sixty Brazilian municipalities had at least one annual case of oral and oropharyngeal cancers notified to the INCA hospital system between 2000 and 2013. The adjusted model identified that the higher the Gini value (greater social inequality) and the lower the HDI value (less human development), the greater the number of tumors diagnosed at a late stage, considering the size of the tumor. A greater risk for late diagnosis was identified, already in the stage of lymph node involvement, when there is greater social inequality and less coverage of Oral Health Team (OHT) in PHC. The greater the social inequality, the greater the risk of late diagnosis, already in the metastasis stage. Conclusions Better socioeconomic indicators and greater coverage by the OHT were associated with the diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancers still in the early stages. During the evaluated period, there was an increase in the number of cases diagnosed at the most advanced stage.