Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOME FACTORS AFFECTING CEREAL APHID POPULATIONS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) INFESTING WHEAT PLANTS, ASSIUT, EGYPT

The present investigations were oriented to elucidate the effect of some factors (biotic and abiotic) on the population of cereal aphid species infesting wheat plants at Assiut. Data obtained indicated that aphids appeared on wheat plants during the first half of January when the plants were in the tillering stage. The population attained a peak of abundance during last week of February when the plants were in the flowering stage, correlated with plant age 77 days. The disappearance of the aphids from the field was recorded during the end of March when the plants were in the ripening stage. The multiple regression analysis show that the eight selected variables (plant age, max. and min. temperature, max. and min. relative humidity, effective temperatures (day-degrees), predators and parasitoids) were together responsible for about 82% of the aphid populations during wheat growing season. Plant age seemed to be responsible for about 30.61 and 29.15% of the variability in the infestation with cereal aphid complex during 2014 and 2015, respectively. Plant age came in the first order with a relative efficiency of the total efficiency (8 variables). Natural enemies (parasitoids and predators) seemed to be responsible for about 17 and 8% during 2014 and 14.26 and 9.06% during 2015, season of the total efficiency. Rating sort of co-efficient of determination indicated that biotic factors came in the two and three degrees for 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. It was found that maximum air temperatures were found to be responsible for about 7.85 and 8.72% during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons of the variability of cereal aphids infesting wheat plants. The minimum relative humidity was found to be in the lowest degree.
Exploring Pharmacological Functions of Alternatively Spliced Variants of the Mu Opioid Receptor Gene, Oprm1, via Gene-Targeted Animal Models

The mu opioid receptor has a distinct place in the opioid receptor family, since it mediates the actions of most opioids used clinically (e.g., morphine and fentanyl), as well as drugs of abuse (e.g., heroin). The single-copy mu opioid receptor gene, OPRM1, goes through extensive alternative pre-mRNA splicing to generate numerous splice variants that are conserved from rodents to humans. These OPRM1 splice variants can be classified into three structurally distinct types: (1) full-length 7 transmembrane (TM) carboxyl (C)-terminal variants; (2) truncated 6TM variants; and (3) single TM variants. Distinct pharmacological functions of these splice variants have been demonstrated by both in vitro and in vivo studies, particularly by using several unique gene-targeted mouse models. These studies provide new insights into our understanding of the complex actions of mu opioids with regard to OPRM1 alternative splicing. This review provides an overview of the studies that used these gene-targeted mouse models for exploring the functional importance of Oprm1 splice variants.
Efficacy and Safety of Denosumab Versus Zoledronic acid in Suppressing Bone Metastases of Breast Cancer

Background: 60% of patients with metastatic breast cancer will eventually develop bone metastases during course of disease, bone targeting agents either bisphosphonates or denosumab, through different mechanisms of action, these bone-specific agents block osteoclast function and reduce the risk of skeletal-related events. Objectives: This study aimed to compare monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor _ B (RANK) ligand (denosumab), with zoledronic acid in response, toxicity related to treatment and progression skeletal-related events free survival in boney metastatic breast cancer. Patients and Methods: Patients were assigned to receive either subcutaneous denosumab for six months or intravenous zoledronic acid for six months. The primary end point was difference in response and toxicity between bone targeting agents. The secondary end point was comparing skeletal progression survival analysis and the response in both. Results: Denosumab was not superior to zoledronic acid in delaying skeletal progression survival (log rank test P value: 0.119). Disease progression and rates of adverse events were similar between groups. An excess of renal toxicity occurred with zoledronic acid (P value 0.004), while hypocalcemia occurred more frequently with denosumab (P value 0.004). Conclusions: Denosumab was similar to zoledronic acid in delaying skeletal progression survival in bone metastatic breast cancer (BMBC) and was generally well tolerated. With the convenience of a subcutaneous injection and no requirement for renal monitoring, denosumab represents a potential treatment option for patients with bone metastases. While due to severe hypocalcemia with denosumab, zoledronic acid represent a good treatment option for metastatic patients.
Response of atmospheric quasi‐stationary waves to La Niña conditions in Northern Hemisphere winter

Large‐scale atmospheric quasi‐stationary waves (QSWs) are strongly linked to synoptic variability and extreme events such as blocking and heatwaves. It is therefore essential to gain a deeper insight into the drivers of QSW variability. Previous research highlighted the El Niño Southern Oscillation as one of the main drivers for global QSW variability with La Niña conditions of particular interest because of their link to anomalous strong QSW amplitudes. This connection between La Niña and QSW activity in the Northern Hemisphere is analysed in this study using a set of aquaplanet experiments with a slab ocean, mimicking La Niña conditions of varying strengths. The experiments demonstrate La Niña conditions are consistent with a weaker zonal mean Hadley cell and a corresponding northward shift in the midlatitude wave guide associated with strong meridional gradients in absolute vorticity. The QSW region generally follows this shift in the wave guide with an overall increase in QSW amplitudes along a slightly weaker mean vorticity gradient. For weak to moderate modifications of the ocean heat flux convergence, there is an approximately linear relationship with the associated QSW response, though for stronger slab heat fluxes the overall response becomes highly nonlinear. It is therefore concluded that the ENSO state may have significant consequences for QSW activity across the Northern Hemisphere.
2D Planar PIC Simulation of Space Charge Limited Current With Geometrical Parameters, Varying Temporal-Profile and Initial Velocities

In this paper, we simulated the space-charge effect current by the full electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) code UNIPIC in a planar gap. Compared with Lau’s numerical work, we introduce the applied voltage <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$U$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, gap separation <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, suppression magnetic field <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$B$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, electron-injection energy spectra <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f(E)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and temporal profiles <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f(t)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> as the factors affecting the current densities and the particle distributions. It is shown that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$U$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D$ </tex-math></inline-formula> could change the particle distribution significantly, causing the electrons’ escape, while they bring little impact on the ratio of 2-D Child-Langmuir current to the classical 1-D value <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$J_{\mathrm {CL}}(2)/J_{\mathrm {CL}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> <xref rid="deqn1" ref-type="disp-formula">(1)</xref>. Considering the temporal profile, it is interesting that the transported current density is inversely going to decrease when the injection rise time is much smaller than the transit time, which explores the smaller temporal profile numerically compared with Valfells’s experiments. Last, the preliminary simulation of the combined effect of temporal profile and initial electron energy spectra is presented, and it is evident that the thermal electrons obeying the Boltzmann distribution generate a larger transported current density than the photoelectron under exponential distribution, which might be an inspiration to the engineering application.
Consumption of whole grains and risk of type 2 diabetes: A comprehensive systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies

Abstract This study aimed to quantitatively summarize earlier findings on the association between whole grain (WG) intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. We searched related keywords on PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to October 2021. Prospective observational studies investigating the association between WG intake and risk of T2D were included. The random‐effects model calculates the summary relative risks by contrasting categories and linear and nonlinear dose–response associations. Eleven prospective cohort studies, including 463,282 participants and 37,249 type 2 diabetes incidents, were analyzed. The pooled relative risk (RR) for the highest versus the lowest WG intake category indicated a 21% decrease in T2D risk (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73–0.85, I 2 = 77%). Each additional 50 grams WG consumption per day was associated with a 23% reduced risk of T2D. The nonlinear association of WG and T2D revealed that 60 grams WG intake per day would give the highest benefit to prevent T2D (Pnonlinearity < 0.001). The findings were not affected by any individual study. No evidence of publication bias was documented. In conclusion, a high intake of WG was associated with a lower risk of T2D. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm our results.
Vertical Variations of Submesoscale Motions Between New Jersey Shelf and Bermuda

Based on the measurements from the Oleander Project, the behaviors of submesoscale motions are examined in the area between New Jersey Shelf and Bermuda. The vertical variation of Rossby number, the kinetic energy in the submesoscale range, and the power law of kinetic energy spectra suggest that submesoscale motions are mainly confined within the surface mixed layer with seasonality that is strong in winter and weak in summer. Besides, submesoscale motions with no significant seasonality were also found beneath the surface mixed layer, which could reach 500 m depth. A possible explanation is that the drastically varying flows in the Gulf Stream and mesoscale eddy periphery could generate strong lateral shear throughout their influence depth, which is favorable for breaking the geostrophic balance and causing submesoscale motions beneath the surface mixed layer.
AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF DI-POTASSIUM HYDROGEN ORTHOPHOSPHATE ON SALT-STRESSED AND NON-STRESSED EGGLANT (Solanum melongena L.)

Two pot experiments were carried out with Eggplant (Solanium melongena L.) cv. Topaz F1 in sand culture to investigate the effects of foliar application of 10 mM K2HPO4to plants grown under NaCl concentration (50 mM) supplied via roots and in complete nutrient solution. Treatments were (1) nutrient solution (C); (2) nutrient solution + 10 mM K2HPO4 as foliar application (C+PK); (3) nutrient solution + 50 mM NaCl (C+S); and (4) nutrient solution + 50 mM sodium chloride + 10 mM K2HPO4 as a foliar application twice weekly (C+S+PK). The plants grown at NaCl had less vegetative growth, dry matter, leaf total sugar content and fruit yield than those grown in normal nutrient solution in both years, however, leaf free phenols was not changed by salinity treatment. Foliar K2HPO4 sprays ameliorated the negative effects of salinity on plant growth and fruit yield as well as increased leaf free phenols content. Sodium concentration in plant tissues increased in NaCl treatment and the sodium uptake was not reduced by application of K2HPO4, however, leaf total sugar content was decreased by spraying K2HPO4. Concentrations of K, Ca and P in shoots and roots were in the deficient range in plants grown at NaCl and these deficiencies were corrected by foliar application K2HPO4. Free phenol, potassium and calcium were increased in stored fruits under room conditions and this increase was more by preharvest foliar spray with K2HPO4 compared with fresh harvested fruits. Total sugar content was decreased in stored fruits compared with fresh harvested fruits and the application of K2HPO4 lowered this decrease. High fruit sodium content was found in stored fruits, however, the pre-harvest foliar spray with K2HPO4 lowered the sodium accumulation in fruits compared with the untreated one. In conclusion, results support the hypothesis that supplemental K2HPO4 would ameliorates the inhibitory effects of NaCl stress in eggplant.
Obligatory integration of face features in expression discrimination

ABSTRACT Previous composite face studies have shown that an unattended face half that differs in identity or in expression from the attended face half distracts face perception. These studies have typically not controlled for the amount of information in different face halves. We investigated feature integration while participants discriminated angry and happy expressions. The stimuli were scaled using individual thresholds to control the expression strength in face halves. In the first experiment, we varied the relative amount of information in upper and lower parts. In the second experiment, participants tried to ignore one half of the face, which was either congruent or incongruent with the attended half. We found both beneficial and obligatory integration of face halves. A robust face composite effect was found both when attending eyes or mouth, and both for congruent and incongruent expressions, suggesting similar processing of face halves when the amount of information is controlled for.
The Gender Associations of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio in Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Introduction: The neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a cheap and readily available tool that is becoming increasingly recognized as a marker of pan-systemic inflammation. Gender differences have been identified in various inflammatory responses and play significant roles in the etiopathologic, epidemiological, clinical and prognostic profile of most disease entities. We assess gender association with the NLR. Methods: One hundred and eighty eight participants (44 with acute kidney injury and I44 with chronic kidney disease were studied. Data on socio-demographics, clinical and laboratory findings such as NLR, serum electrolytes, albumin, uric acid and urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) were documented and gender associations of participants’ variables were determined. Results: The NLR was higher in CKD than AKI, P=0.04, higher in females, P<0.001 and aged, P<0.001. The NLR was positively related to the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), albumin creatinine ratio, P=0.01 and the severity of the inflammatory condition. The men had higher serum albumin, creatinine, uric acid and UACR. The uric acid was higher in AKI than in CKD, P=0.04. The systolic blood pressure was higher in AKI than CKD, P<0.001. The serum bicarbonate was lower in AKI than CKD, P=0.04. In the elderly population, the proportion of females was more, P<0.001. Female gender (OR-3.22, 95% CI-1.88-3.78), aging (OR-6.20, CI-3.17-9.58), smoking (OR-5.86, CI-4.52-8.95), elevated systolic blood pressure (OR-3.75, 95% CI-1.83-4.03) and elevated serum creatinine (OR-5.73, 95% CI-1.65-5.89) independently predicted elevated NLR. Conclusion: The NLR is a readily available and cheap tool that was positively correlated with the age, BMI, blood pressure and inflammatory markers such as serum uric acid and UACR. It was higher in CKD than AKI, and in females. Being positively related to other inflammatory markers, it can be used in assessing the severity, prognosticating and perhaps predicting the outcome of inflammatory conditions.
Importance of Efferocytosis in COVID-19 Mortality

Abstract COVID-19 is a generally benign coronavirus disease that can spread rapidly, except for those with a group of risk factors. Since the pathogenesis responsible for the severity of the disease has not been clearly revealed, effective treatment alternatives has not been developed. The hallmark of the SARS-CoV-2-infected cells is apoptosis. Apoptotic cells are cleared through a sterile process defined as efferocytosis by professional and nonprofessional phagocytic cells. The disease would be rapidly brought under control in the organism that can achieve effective efferocytosis, which is also a kind of innate immune response. In the risk group, the efferocytic process is defective. With the addition of the apoptotic cell load associated with SARS-COV-2 infection, failure to achieve efferocytosis of dying cells can initiate secondary necrosis, which is a highly destructive process. Uncontrolled inflammation and coagulation abnormalities caused by secondary necrosis reason in various organ failures, lung in particular, which are responsible for the poor prognosis. Following the short and simplified information, this opinion paper aims to present possible treatment options that can control the severity of COVID-19 by detailing the mechanisms that can cause defective efferocytosis.
Failure Analysis of TEVG’s II: Late Failure and Entering the Regeneration Pathway

Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) are a promising alternative to treat vascular disease under complex hemodynamic conditions. However, despite efforts from the tissue engineering and regenerative medicine fields, the interactions between the material and the biological and hemodynamic environment are still to be understood, and optimization of the rational design of vascular grafts is an open challenge. This is of special importance as TEVGs not only have to overcome the surgical requirements upon implantation, they also need to withhold the inflammatory response and sustain remodeling of the tissue. This work aims to analyze and evaluate the bio-molecular interactions and hemodynamic phenomena between blood components, cells and materials that have been reported to be related to the failure of the TEVGs during the regeneration process once the initial stages of preimplantation have been resolved, in order to tailor and refine the needed criteria for the optimal design of TEVGs.
Platanus orientalis (Plane Tree) Extract Protects Against Hyperoxaluria Induced Kidney Damage

: The aim of this study is to determine whether Platanus orientalis (PO) which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and diuretic properties and used in the treatment of kidney stones as traditional folk medicine, will reduce or prevent the stone formation in the urinary system. To simulate the urolithiasis model 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) and 1% ammonium chloride (AC) were applied to Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided into four groups (n=8). The control group was given standard drinking water for 5 weeks. EG group received 0.75% EG in their drinking water containing 0.75% EG and 1% AC. PO extract (100 mg/kg) was given orally for 5 weeks to the preventive group and for last 2 weeks to the therapeutic group, respectively. At the end of experiment, 24-hour urine and kidney samples were obtained. In urine samples, calcium and citrate levels were decreased and oxalate level was increased in the EG group. In kidney samples myeloperoxidase, caspase-3, N-acetyl-β-glycosaminidase (NAG) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β levels were increased while superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels were decreased in the EG group. These biochemical parameters returned to control levels in both PO treatment groups. Histological findings also correlate with these results. Our findings are suggested that PO treatments is effective in both preventive and therapeutic groups.
Marginal and internal fit evaluation of metal copings fabricated by selective laser sintering and CAD/CAM milling techniques: in-vitro study

INTRODUCTION: Metal-ceramic restorations are still commonly used in dentistry. The success of these restorations depends mainly on the marginal integrity and the internal fit which in turn is affected by the technique of fabrication. OBJECTIVES: Comparing the marginal and internal fit of metal copings manufactured using three different techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A metal master die simulating a maxillary first molar preparation was fabricated. Thirty Vinyl poly siloxane impressions were prepared for the master die and poured to obtain 30 epoxy resin dies. The epoxy dies were allocated at random to 3 groups (n=10) following the method of metal copings fabrication. Group I: selective laser sintering technique (additive technique), group II: CAD-CAM milling technique (subtractive technique), group III: lost wax technique (control group). The marginal and internal fit was evaluated by the silicone replica technique. The data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA followed by multiple pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni adjustment. RESULTS: Group II had a significantly larger internal gap (33.60 µ 𝑚𝑚 ) compared to group I (30.15 𝜇𝜇𝑚𝑚 ) and group III (27.83 𝜇𝜇𝑚𝑚 ) (P=0.03). No significant difference was found in the marginal fit. CONCLUSIONS: Although Metal copings produced by the lost wax technique showed the best adaptation, all tested techniques resulted in clinically acceptable fit values.
Impact of Liquid Smoke and Thyme Oil on Quality of Chicken and Turkey Meatballs Chilled

The purpose of this study was to see how liquid smoke made from beech sawdust and thyme essential oil (TEO) affected the stability of chicken and turkey meatballs when kept refrigerated. The study looked at three factors: chicken and turkey meatballs, liquid smoke and TEO concentrations (1 % and 0.1 %, respectively), and shelf life at refrigerated temperatures at 4◦ +1 C for (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days). Physicochemical (moisture, crude protein, crude fat, ash, pH value, water holding capacity) and total bacterial count parameters were examined. The treatments showed a considerable favorable effect on the overall bacterial count and physicochemical parameters. During storage, the samples treated with liquid smoke, then TEO, and control lost the least amount of moisture, protein, and water holding capacity. During storage, the fat, ash, and total bacterial count increased, with the greatest levels in control and the lowest in liquid smoke, followed by TEO. The pH value has decreased during storage by addition of liquid smoke 1% compared to TEO, and control. The interaction between treatments and storage days showed significant effect (P ≤0.05) on protein, fat, pH value, water holding capacity and total bacterial count. Furthermore, the lowest change was noticed in samples treated with liquid smoke during storage. Applications of liquid smoke in meatballs reduced the rate of microbial damage, maintained the physiochemical properties and were better accepted compared to TEO and control.
Amphibious mudskipper populations are genetically connected along coastlines, but differentiated across water

Specialized life histories can restrict the way that organisms move through the landscape. Some fishes, such as mudskippers in the family Gobiidae, are obligately amphibious and require a terrestrial phase in which adults build burrows and lay eggs in mudflats. To evaluate whether this restricted, out‐of‐water phase might influence population structure in one such mudskipper, we tested whether populations separated by water are more differentiated than those connected along a coastline.