Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The sustainable development of grassland-livestock systems on the Tibetan plateau: problems, strategies and prospects

The Tibetan plateau is the source of most of the major rivers of Asia and has a huge impact on the livelihoods of the population, who have for centuries engaged in traditional herding practices. Sustainable management of the plateau is of critical importance not only for maintaining livelihoods but also because of its vital ecological function. The major problem of sustainable development in these grassland-livestock systems is the conflict between forage and livestock production. Despite considerable investment of manpower, material resources and capital over many years, attempts to resolve the problem have not been successful. The magnitude of conflict between forage and livestock is addressed by presenting 19 resolution strategies based on numerous research data. Each of these strategies is evaluated in terms of how it can be implemented, its potential benefits for livestock production, current progress and the requirement for further research. The 19 strategies have been divided into four topic categories, namely; grassland-forage, livestock, economy and market, society-culture, which cover the basic elements of sustainable development in this pastoral region. It is argued that improved planning and implementation of the proposed strategies must be based on the background investigation of natural and social status of the pastoral region. Particular attention needs to be given to genetic resources and technology in order to ensure the successful implementation of these proposals. In addition to expanding the use of 18 currently practiced strategies, the authors propose a further novel strategy of replacing the current intensive form of ecological migration with a model incorporating two semi-permanent settlements. The objective of this novel strategy is to retain the nomadic element of pastoral husbandry while increasing the temporal and spatial scale of rotational stocking to reduce pasture degradation on the Tibetan plateau. It is argued that these proposals should be urgently incorporated into two national plans for the pastoral livestock industry, and the construction of an ecologically safe shelter zone on the Tibetan plateau, while ensuring a sustainable livelihood of its pastoral residents. Ensuring a successful implementation of these strategies in resolving the conflict between grassland and livestock, and promoting sustainable development on the Tibetan plateau, requires willing support at the level of national investment and policy commitment and from the herdsmen.
Coincidence

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Performance and adaptability of doubled haploid maize testcross hybrids under drought stress and non-stress conditions

Haploid breeding via in vivo induction of maternal haploids is rapidly replacing the pedigree breeding methods since it reduces the breeding cycle from at least 6 to 1-2 generations to reach a homozygous state. Eighty doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from nine tropical maize backcross populations were crossed to two CIMMYT single cross testers (CML312/CML442 and CML395/CML444) in a North Carolina II mating design. The resultant 160 DH testcross hybrids and five commercial checks were evaluated across four well-watered locations and two drought stressed locations in Kenya using an alpha-lattice design of 15 x 11 replicated twice. Significant differences (0.05 < p < 0.001) were observed in location, genotype and genotype by environment interaction for grain yield, days to anthesis, anthesis-silking interval and ear aspect under nonstress conditions. Combined analyses across drought stress and well-watered environments showed that the top 20 hybrids performed better for grain yield and other agronomic traits of maize compared to the commercial checks. Grain yield for the top 20 DH hybrids ranged from 8.15-8.85 t/ha under optimum management and 4.53-5.67 t/ha under drought stress conditions while the best commercial variety yielded 7.67 t/ha and 3.43 t/ha under optimum and drought stress conditions, respectively. The top ten DH testcross hybrids averaged over the four optimum locations yielded 16% higher than the best commercial check while under managed drought the top ten DH hybrids produced 62% higher grain yield than the best commercial check. Three DH testcross hybrids entries 23, 28 and 71 performed highly for grain yield under both stress and non-stress locations high stress tolerance indices (STI) and low stress susceptibility indices (SSI). These results indicated that maize hybrids developed from DH lines produced as high a grain yield and as acceptable agronomic traits as the commercial hybrids developed through conventional pedigree methods. The DH lines identified in the study should be useful in improving grain yields and in the drought prone mid-altitude areas of eastern and southern Africa.
Diverse effects of different Akkermansia muciniphila genotypes on Brown adipose tissue inflammation and whitening in a high-fat-diet murine model.

BACKGROUND . The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the metabolic protective effects of Akkermansia muciniphila (A.muciniphila) genotypes on high-fat diet mice and explore possible mechanisms. METHODS . Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, including high-fat diet (HFD)+ A. muciniphila I/II/PBS group, normal control diet (NCD)+ A. muciniphila I/II/PBS group, respectively. Dietary intervention and A. muciniphila gavage were performed simultaneously. Blood glucose and lipid metabolism, brown adipose morphology and activities, and intestinal barrier function were examined after the mice were sacrificed. RESULTS . A.muciniphila gavage improved the impaired glucose tolerance, hyperlipidemia and liver steatosis in HFD mice, and that A. muciniphila II (Amuc_GP25) was not as effective as A. muciniphila I (Amuc_GP01). This phenomenon might be because Amuc_GP01 intervention significantly inhibited brown adipose tissue whitening and inflammation induced by HFD, by repairing the intestinal barrier and relieving endotoxemia. Amuc_GP25 did not display the same results as Amuc_GP01 in HFD mice but had stronger effects in the NCD mice. CONCLUSIONS . This study reveals the distinct functions of different A. muciniphila genotypes on diet-induced obesity, suggesting that different A. muciniphila genotypes may affect pathological conditions differently through distinct action pathways.
A MONOGRAPH OF NUPHAR (NYMPHAEACEAE)1

Abstract The genus Nuphar (Nymphaeaceae) is described to include 11 species native to fresh waters of the Northern Hemisphere. This assessment utilized morphometric analyses, cladistic analyses, evaluation of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, and seed and pollen fertility estimations. Evolutionary reconstructions position the genus at the base of the family, most closely allied to Barclaya. Comprehensive cladistic analyses of morphological and molecular data have permitted a general phylogenetic interpretation of the genus. Two major evolutionary lineages are evident and recognized taxonomically at the section level. One (sect. Nuphar) includes N. lutea, N. × spenneriana, N. japonica, and N. × saijoensis, with an ultimate branch involving N. pumila and N. microphylla. The other lineage (sect. Astylus) includes N. polysepala, N. × rubrodisca, N. variegata, N. sagittifolia, and N. advena. All studies illustrate high morphological variability and close relationships of species within each section. The biology of Nuphar is summarized and a complete taxonomic treatment is presented.
PRIONOSPIO AND PARAPRIONOSPIO (POLYCHAETA: SPIONIDAE) FROM SOUTHERN AUSTRALIA

Wilson, R.S. , 1990. Prionospio and Paraprionospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from southern Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 50(2): 243-274. Eight new species of Prionospio are described from southern Australia: P. coorilla, P. kirrae, P. kulin, P. nirripa, P. pilkena, P. tatura, P. wambiri and P. yuriel. Prionospio steenstrupi Malmgren is removed from the Australian fauna and P. dubia Day is recorded from Australia for the first time. A key is provided to all species of Prionospio known from southern Australia. The type species of Paraprionospio Caullery, P. pinnata (Ehlers) is redescribed from the type material and a lectotype designated. All Australian records of Paraprionospiopinnata are referred to a new species, P. coora. The distribution of species of the Prionospio complex in south-eastern Australia is discussed and a distinct fauna is shown to be present on the continental shelf.
Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Tissues of a Teinturier Grape Cultivar under Sunlight Exclusion

Yan-73 (Vitis vinifera) is a teinturier grape cultivar, which accumulates anthocyanins in skin, pulp, pedicels, and rachis. The effects of sunlight on anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation in various tissues of this teinturier cultivar were investigated. Light transmission measurements showed that covering with opaque boxes substantially reduced light intensity around clusters; ≤0.25% of incident light reached the berry skin and <0.05% reached the pulp. The pulp naturally experiences increasing sunlight exclusion by skin during ripening. Sunlight exclusion reduced and delayed anthocyanin biosynthesis in skin and pulp during berry development, while both tissues nevertheless accumulated enough anthocyanins to turn dark red. No strong reduction of anthocyanin concentration was observed in pedicels or rachis. Sunlight exclusion decreased transcript abundance of VvUFGT, VvMybA1, VvMybA2, and VvMyc1 in both skin and pulp and also decreased transcript abundance of VvMycA1 in pulp. Sunlight exclusion differently influenced the anthocyanin components: it decreased the relative proportion of 3′,4′,5′-hydroxylated anthocyanins and increased that of 3′,4′-hydroxylated anthocyanins in berry skin and pulp, which corresponded to the change in the ratio of VvF3′H to VvF3′5′H. These results allow for insight on anthocyanin biosynthesis in various grape tissues in absence of sunlight.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT AMOUNT OF WHOLE BARLEY IN DIETS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND DIGESTIVE PROCESSES OF BROILER CHICKENS

The trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different dietary levels of whole barley grains on growth performance, feed conversion ratio, pH of gastrointestinal tract chymus, amount of dry matter and ammonia nitrogen in caecum chymus of broiler chickens. The trial with birds was carried out in an experimental poultry house of JSC "Vilniaus paukstynas" and poultry house of LUHS Veterinary Academy in 2010. A thousand Ross 308 broiler chicks (one-day-old) were allocated to five treatment groups of 200 birds each in a randomized design. The treatment groups consisted of four replicates each of 50 chicks. Groups I and II were control and the other three experimental ones. During their whole growing period, broiler chickens of control group II were fed the diet containing 2% of whole barley grains. Broiler chickens of experimental groups, depending on their age, were fed diets containing whole barley grains from 4% to 25%. Broiler chickens were reared up to 40 days old. The results of the trial showed that the weight of broilers fed diets containing from 8% to 15% of whole barley grains (experimental group I) were lower by 1% (p>0.05), but increasing the whole barley in the diet (12 to 25%), i. e. in the experimental groups II and III, the mentioned growth parameter decreased by 2 to 4% compared with control groups (p 0.05), but during the last trial period (from 36 to 40 days old), when the diets were without whole barley, there were no significant differences between the experimental groups compared with the control ones (p>0.05). When the diet of broiler chickens was supplemented with different levels of whole barley grains the pH and dry matter amount of gastrointestinal tract chymus and amount of ammonia nitrogen in caecum had a tendency to decrease if compared with the control groups (p>0.05).
Systemic exposure to 5‐fluorouracil and its metabolite, 5,6‐dihydrofluorouracil, and development of a limited sampling strategy for therapeutic drug management of 5‐fluorouracil in patients with gastrointestinal malignancy

5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) is widely used in combination chemotherapy, and literature suggests pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing to improve clinical efficacy and reduce toxicity. This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetic exposure of both 5‐FU and its metabolite, 5,6‐dihydrofluorouracil (DHFU), in patients with gastrointestinal malignancy and to establish a simplified strategy to assist in therapeutic drug management for dose optimization.
Knowledge, attitude, perception and practice of antibiotics usage among the pharmacy students

Resistance to antibiotics causes negative impact on health of the patients. Antibiotic resistance is the major global concern that has to be nullified for the better health outcome. The knowledge on antibiotics is very essential for the students who undertake pharmacy and health science courses. Hence a study was aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, perception and practice on antibiotics usage among the pharmacy students of King Khalid University, KSA.
Variation in paternity in the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus: no detectable influence of sperm numbers or sperm length

Recent attention has focused on the role that sperm competition may play in the evolution of sperm morphology. Theoretical analyses predict increased sperm size, decreased sperm size, and no change in sperm size in response to sperm competition, depending on the assumptions made concerning the life history and function of sperm. However, although there is good evidence that sperm morphology varies widely within and between species, the adaptive significance of this variation has not been examined. Here we document significant intraspecific variation in sperm length in the field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus. Sperm length did not influence the rate of migration of sperm from the spermatophore to the female's spermatheca. We performed sperm competition trials in which we varied the numbers of sperm transferred by each of two males that differed in the length of sperm they produced. Neither sperm length nor the number of sperm transferred influenced paternity. The same results were obtained using two different methods for assigning paternity. The distribution of paternity across a female's mates was highly variable, with frequently one, or more in the case of females mated to four males, principal sire. There were no mating order effects on paternity. These data show that sperm do not mix randomly in the female's spermatheca. We discuss several alternative explanations for the patterns of paternity observed. Copyright 2003.
Analysis of growth characteristics in short-term divergently selected Japanese quail lines and their cross

SUMMARY The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of short-term selection for 4 wk BW (BW) on the performance of divergent lines of Japanese quail and their crosses. The mean of BW at 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk of age in each group (2 lines and their crosses) were compared to investigate the maternal and heterosis effects. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the mean of BW in each group. Moreover, the reciprocal effect (maternal effect) was significant (P < 0.05) for all BW measured at different ages except for 4-wk BW in males and 3- and 4-wk BW in females. However, the effect of heterosis was not significant for all BW measured. The description of growth curves in each group and control line was compared with 3 mathematical models (Gompertz, logistic, and Richard). Based on the error variance, the logistic model described the growth pattern of Japanese quail and their crosses better than other models.
Favorable COVID‐19 course despite significant comorbidities in a ruxolitinib‐treated patient with primary myelofibrosis

COVID‐19 carries a high risk of severe disease course, particularly in patients with comorbidities. Therapy of severe COVID‐19 infection has relied on supportive intensive care measures. More specific approaches including drugs that limit the detrimental “cytokine storm”, such as Janus‐activated kinase (JAK) inhibitors, are being discussed. Here, we report a compelling case of a 55‐yo patient with proven COVID‐19 pneumonia, who was taking the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in‐label for co‐existing primary myelofibrosis for 15 months prior to coronavirus infection. The patient had significant comorbidities, including chronic kidney disease, arterial hypertension, and obesity, and our previous cohort suggested that he was thus at high risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death from COVID‐19. Since abrupt discontinuation of ruxolitinib may cause fatal cytokine storm and ARDS, ruxolitinib treatment was continued and was well tolerated, and the patient´s condition remained stable, without the need for mechanical ventilation or vasopressors. The patient became negative for SARS‐CoV‐2 and was discharged home after 15 days. In conclusion, our report provides clinical evidence that ruxolitinib treatment is feasible and can be beneficial in patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia, preventing cytokine storm and ARDS.
Molluscicidal action of the latex of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii N.E.B. ("Christ's Crown") (Euphorbiaceae) against Lymnaea columella (Say, 1817) (Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae), intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758 (Trematode: Fasciolidae): 1- test in laboratory.

The latex action of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii (Christ's Crown) against snails Lymnaea columella, intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica, derived from irrigation ditches of the Station of Pisciculture at Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, was studied in the laboratory. Lab bioassays, using aqueous solutions of the latex, varying between 0.1 and 10 mg/l, have proven molluscicidal activity of the product collected on the same day the tests were performed, during the four seasons of the year, finding the following lethal concentrations (LC90): 1.51 mg/l in the spring; 0.55 mg/l in the summer; 0.74 mg/l in the fall and 0.93 mg/l in winter, after 24 h exposure of the snails, showing significant differences among the seasons of the year (ANOVA test, F = 11.01, G.L.= 3/33, p < 0.05), as well as among the concentrations (ANOVA test, F = 27.38, G.L.= 11/33, p < 0.05). In the summer, mortality reached 100% from concentration at 0.6 mg/l, the same during fall and in winter as of 1 mg/l, while in spring it only reached 100% mortality as of 2 mg/l. Mortality in the controls was low, reaching 5% in the summer and winter and 10% in the fall and spring. None of the samples died. During the assay, with an aqueous solution of the latex at a concentration of 5 mg/l, in order to check the time of duration of the product effect, in the laboratory, it was observed that the molluscicidal activity remained stable up to the 15th day after the beginning of the test with 100% mortality of L. columella, gradually losing its effect until the 23rd day, when we no longer observed animal mortality. In the control group, there was a random daily variation in mortality rate ranging 0-50% after 48 h of observation for 30 days.
Soil Type Influences Relative Yield of Barley and Wheat in a Mediterranean‐type Environment

In the eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia the yield of barley relative to wheat is influenced by soil type. Field trials studied detailed aspects of growth, development, yield and water use of a range of barley and wheat cultivars on 2 soil types at 2 locations to identify those factors that lead to the differential relative yields. Barley had greater grain yields than wheat on both fine and coarse textured soils. On both soil types barley had a greater number of mainstem leaves which appeared faster than those of wheat and this was associated with greater tillering (6.5 v. 3.5 shoots/plant), higher GAI and greater dry matter production (845 v. 804 g/ m). The difference in yield between the two species was greater on the fine textured soil (15 v. 7 %). Barley also had greater harvest index than wheat (6—15%), and this combined with greater dry matter production on the fine textured soil led to a larger yield advantage over wheat than occurred on the coarse textured soil. Water use efficiency was greater for barley than for wheat on both soils. The greater yield advantage of barley over wheat on the fine textured soil was the result of greater biomass production by barley and greater harvest index. Differences in pattern of water use, and water use efficiency of grain production were associated with greater barley yields but are not themselves considered to be the cause of relative yield differences across soil types. The possible implications of factors such as intrinsic nutrient supply on the 2 soil types in relation to observed yield differences are discussed.