Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Novel Role of Healing from Bacterial Infections of Lower Limb Open Fractures by X-Ray Exposure

Objective To confirm the role of X-ray exposure in treating infected wound fractures at the lower limb and determine X-ray exposure times. Methods Fifty-one wound swabs were collected from patients with infected open fractures at the lower limb with grade II, IIIA, B, and C according to the Gustilo and Anderson classification system and then cultured. The bacterial isolates were identified by biochemical tests and the VITEK-2 System and tested against several antibiotics. The X-ray exposure was done for open fractures by radiography (at kV133 and 5 milliambers). Results The higher isolation rate was recorded for Staphylococcus aureus with 21 (41.2%) isolates, and most of them (20, 95.2%) were isolated from grade II fractures. The isolation rate of Gram-negative bacteria was 25.5% for Escherichia coli with 13 isolates, 19.6% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 10 isolates, and 13.7% for Klebsiella pneumoniae with 7 isolates, most of which were isolated from grade III fractures. The isolation rate of P. aeruginosa was 60% (6 isolates) from grade IIIA and 71.4% (5 isolates) from grade IIIB for K. pneumoniae, while for E. coli it was 69.2% (9 isolates) from grade IIIC. All the bacterial isolates recorded high levels of antibiotic resistance against most tested antibiotics. Wound cultures of grade II fractures appeared sterile after the first X-ray exposure, and these wounds were infected with S. aureus or P. aeruginosa. However, cultures of grade IIIA and IIIB fractures appeared sterile after the second X-ray exposure for all isolated bacteria, except for S. aureus (grade IIIA fractures) (after the third X-ray exposure). Grade IIIC fractures showed sterile culture after the third X-ray exposure for wounds infected with P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Conclusions The study concluded that X-ray exposure showed high effectiveness in treating infected open fractures.
Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods

The oral health surveys basic methods that we provide for you will be ultimate to give preference. This reading book is your chosen book to accompany you when in your free time, in your lonely. This kind of book can help you to heal the lonely and get or add the inspirations to be more inoperative. Yeah, book as the widow of the world can be very inspiring manners. As here, this book is also created by an inspiring author that can make influences of you to do more.
Dosimetric evaluation of electron beams on scalp using EBT2 films and rando phantom

Abstract Background In radiotherapy, electron beam irradiation is an effective modality for superficial tumours. Electron beams have good coverage of tumours which involve the skin, however there is an issue about electron scattering and tissue heterogeneity. This subsequently demands dosimetric analysis of electron beam behaviour, particularly in the treatment of lesions on the scalp requiring the application of treatment to scalp curvatures. There are various methods which are used to treat scalp malignancies including photons and electrons, but, the later needs precise dosimetry before each session of treatment. The purpose of the study was to undertake a detailed analysis of the dosimetry of electron beams when applied to the curved surface of the scalp using Gafchromic® EBT2 films. Methods and materials A rando phantom and Gafchromic® EBT2 films were used for dosimetric analysis. A gafchromic calibration curve was plotted and an in-treatment beam dosimetric analysis was carried out using dosimetry films placed on the scalp. Electron behaviour was assessed by introducing five electron fields in particular curvature regions of scalp. Result There was an acceptable dose range through all five fields and hotspots occurred in the curved borders. In our study, skin doses and doses at the field junctions, with no gaps, were between 78–97% and 80–97%, respectively. Conclusions Electron beams are a good modality for treating one flat field, but in the special topography of the scalp, whole scalp treatment requires precise field matching and dosimetry. In undertaking this detailed dosimetric analysis using a rando phantom and Gafchromic® EBT2 films, it is concluded that this method requires further detailed analysis before using in clinics.
Modification of local diets to improve vitamin A, iron and protein contents for children aged 6 to 23 months in Kagera, Tanzania

The banana-based farming system of Kagera region of Tanzania has good edible food diversity. However, households still consume monotonous diets, which are mainly energy dense and have inadequate content of micronutrients. To enrich the preferred energy-rich diets, this study formulated dishes with improved content of vitamin A, iron and protein for children aged between 6 to 23 months. Mothers (n = 50) were randomly selected from Izimbya ward and participated in a recipe development exercise whereby five recipes modified from the traditional banana based ‘katogo’/’matoke’ and three types of porridges were developed using locally available foods such as bananas, beans, amaranths, red palm oil, pumpkin, groundnut, maize and orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP). Mothers were asked to give options of improving the porridge intended to be fed to children as well as to propose means of improving the local banana diets. Vitamin A was increased by red palm oil, OFSP, pumpkin fruit and leaves in the modified recipes. Furthermore, red kidney bean and groundnut contributed a significant amount of protein and iron in the recipes. Red kidney beans formed a good source of iron, protein and energy when incorporated in complementary foods. The family dishes and children’s local popular dishes were modified to improve the consistency by making a puree to increase food intake and, therefore, vitamin A, iron and protein. The developed recipes contained more than 100% recommended daily allowance (RDA) for vitamin A and protein. The conversion factor of 12:1 for beta-carotene was used. The RDA for iron ranged from 61% to 99%. Vitamin A, iron, protein and energy content of modified recipes ranged from 108-2768 RAE, 6-17 mg, 28-56 g and 697-1635 kcal, in 500g consumption portion, respectively. These levels meet the RDAs for breastfed and nonbreastfed children. The created recipes based on locally available and affordable ingredients have a potential to meet RDAs of vitamin A, iron and protein for children aged 6 to 23 months in the banana-based system and other communities in Africa with the same settings. The communities need to establish home gardens so as to use vegetables and foods which are cheap and good sources of micronutrients and protein. Key words : Dietary modification, local diets, children, vitamin A, iron, protein
Investigating the Relationship between Occupational-Stress and Job-Satisfaction in Midwives Employed at Hospitals and Health-Care Centers in Iran (Mashhad) in 2011

Introduction: Tension is experienced by all employees at work whose low rate is essential for efficiency while its excessiveness leads to low efficiency and job dissatisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between occupational-stress and job-satisfaction in midwives employed at public hospitals and health-care centers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 123 midwives employed at public hospitals and health-care centers in Iran (Mashhad) in 2011. Two-stage sampling was applied. Study tools were demographic/work information, occupational stress assessment (37 question), and Herzberg job satisfaction (41 question). Data were analyzed by using SPSS statistical software version 14, and tests including Pearson correlation coefficient, independent T- student, one way ANOVA and linear regression. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean±SD of midwives’ age was 32.7±1.02 years, employment duration 10.75±0.3 years, working hours per week 44.15±1.3 hours, total scores of occupational stress 149±1.01, and job satisfaction 134.69±1.21. The most common stressful factors were changing or quitting job, lack of co-workers, among 11 dimensions it was job satisfaction, and the high mean score related to appreciation. Therefore, there was a significant correlation between occupational stress and job satisfaction. Conclusion: The high level of occupational stress in midwives may lead to job dissatisfaction.
Determining the Effects of Social Media Monitoring to Identify Potential Foodborne Illness in Southern Nevada

iii Acknowledgements . iv Introduction . 1 Southern Nevada Health District Food Safety Program . 3 Social Media Monitoring . 7 nEmesis Software. 11 nEmesis Social Media Monitoring at SNHD . 13 Research Questions and Hypotheses. 14 Research Question 1: Adjusted Score . 14 Research Question 2: Foodborne Illness Risk Factor . 15 Methodology . 16 Adjusted Score . 16 Foodborne Illness Risk Factor . 16 Results . 18 Adjusted Score: Descriptive Epidemiology . 18 Adjusted Score: Statistical Analysis . 19 Foodborne Illness Risk Factor: Descriptive Epidemiology . 20 Foodborne Illness Risk Factor: Statistical Analysis . 22 Discussion . 23 Adjusted Score . 23
Association of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis with IgE mediated allergy to common food allergens

Background and objective: Prevalence of immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated food allergy is primarily reported in patients of all age groups. The present study was aimed to investigate the relative prevalence of food allergy andallergens in patients with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. Methods: Patients of all age groups and both sexes were screened using standard questionnaire and skin prick-test (SPT) with common foods. Specific IgE level was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and allergy wasestablished. Results: Of 575 patients screened, 120 (21%) gave history of food allergy. Of the history positive patients skin testedall showed a marked positive reaction to food extracts. Egg whole, black gram and lemon elicited marked positive SPT reaction in maximum of 12 (10%) cases each followed by rice, mushroom and corn in 11 cases each (9.1%), milk and cheese 10 cases each (8.3%), paneer and sardine fish 9 cases each (7.5%), maize and tamarind 8 cases each (6.6%), peanut and brinjal 7 cases each (5.8%), garlic and cabbage 4 cases each (3.3%), banana, sago and mutton 3 cases each (2.5%0, pineapple, pork, potato and almond with 2 cases each (1.6%), 1 case of beef, lady finger and drumstick (0.8%). The SPT positive patients showed elevated specific IgE levels (range: 0.8-79 IU/mL) againstrespective food allergens than normal controls (0.73 IU/mL, mean±2SD). The prevalence of food allergy was estimated to be 4.5% (2.6%-6.34%)at 95% confidence interval (95% CI) in test population (n=470). Conclusions: Food allergy is estimated to be 21% in adolescents and adults with asthma, rhinitis or both. Many food allergens were recorded as per the test.
Prevalence and pattern of anemia in elderly- A hospital based study

Anemia in the elderly is an extremely common problem that is associated with increased mortality and poorer health-related quality of life, regardless of the underlying cause of the low hemoglobin. A cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, in collaboration with the Department of Medicine . The purpose of this study was to study the prevalence of elderly patients with anemia and to study the pattern of anemia in such patients as well as the closest possible etiological profile. Prevalence calculated was 77% . Hundred patients above the age of 60 years were included for studying the pattern of anemia. Clinical profile with laboratory studies of Hemoglobin and diagnostic tests were done to know the etiology. Majority of patients had normocytic blood picture constituting 53%, microcytic 26%, macrocytic/dimorphic 13% and pancytopenia in 8%. Anemia of chronic disease was the commonest cause of anemia followed by iron deficiency anemia. 53/100 patients had normocytic blood picture . 45 out of 53 patients had serum ferritin levels more than 100ng/ml. 13/26 of cases showing microcytic anemia had ferritin levels <20ng/ml and 5/26 had no evidence of iron deficiency have ferritin values >100ng/ml. None of the cases with macrocytic anemia and pancytopenia had serum ferritin values <100ng/ml. This shows that serum ferritin closely correlates with iron stores. Absence of iron capable of being stained by pearls stain is considered to be a reliable parameter of iron deficiency. Serum ferritin together with pearls stain in bone marrow is considered to be a reliable parameter of iron deficiency anemia. Confirming the type of anemia is critical to direct the investigation for profiling the etiology since it is well known that the treatment of anemia goes a long way in improving the overall outcome and quality of life.
Combined hysterectomy and mastectomy surgery for transgender patients in an integrated health care setting

ABSTRACT Background: Hysterectomy and mastectomy surgery for gender affirmation have traditionally been performed as separate surgeries. Our institution offers these surgeries as a single combined procedure, typically with same-day discharge. Decreasing the number of times patients need to have surgery may reduce barriers to care by limiting surgical and hospital stay events. Our primary objective was to describe the perioperative experience of transgender patients who underwent combined hysterectomy and mastectomy surgery. Methods: This retrospective case series assessed patients who underwent combined hysterectomy and mastectomy surgery between 2013 and 2015 in an integrated health care setting in the United States. Chart reviews were performed for outcomes of interest, which included operative and postoperative complications. Results: We identified 25 patients who underwent a combined hysterectomy and mastectomy for the indication of gender transition. Preoperative patient characteristics included a median age of 31, with a median BMI of 25. Ninety-two percent of the patients were on testosterone therapy at the time of surgery. A total of 76% and 24% of patients had laparoscopic and vaginal hysterectomies, respectively. Intraoperatively, the average blood loss was 104 mL, and there were no complications. Eighty percent of patients were discharged on the same day. Postoperatively, 92% of patients experienced no major complications. One patient received a uterine artery embolization and blood transfusion for postoperative intraabdominal bleeding, and one patient presented 9 weeks after surgery with partial vaginal cuff dehiscence requiring a cuff revision. There were no re-admissions within six months of surgery. There were no major mastectomy-related complications. Conclusions: Combined surgeries are feasible and reduce the number of surgical events and hospital stays. There were no complications that could be attributed to undergoing two procedures as a single incident.
The Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention Based on the Health Belief Model in Preventing High-Risk Behaviors Among Pregnant Women

Background: Pregnancy and delivery are among the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, and disability worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on the health belief model in preventing high-risk behaviors among pregnant women. Methods: This randomized controlled field trial was done in 2015 on 88 pregnant women who referred to two main healthcare centers in Sarbisheh, Iran. Women were purposively recruited and randomly allocated to an intervention and a control group. For data collection, a questionnaire was developed based on the components of the health belief model. Participants completed the questionnaire both before and three months after the intervention. Women in the intervention group were offered three educational and counseling sessions on high-risk pregnancies, prenatal care, and high-risk behaviors during pregnancy. The SPSS software (v. 22) was used to analyze the data by running the Wilcoxon, the Mann-Whitney U, and the Chi-square tests. Results: The age mean values in the intervention and the control groups were 27.66 ± 5.30 and 26.6 ± 5.33, respectively (P = 0.2). At baseline, groups did not differ significantly from each other regarding the mean scores of knowledge, health belief model components, and behavior (P > 0.05). However, three months after the intervention, the scores of knowledge, health belief model components, and behaviors were significantly better in the intervention group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, in the intervention group, there were significant differences between the pretest and posttest mean scores of knowledge, health belief model components, and behaviors (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Health education programs based on the health belief model can effectively prevent high-risk behaviors among pregnant women.
Comparing the effectiveness between gel and foam hand sanitizers

Background: Hand sanitizers are commonly used as an alternative to washing hands with warm water and soap. There are a variety of different hand sanitizers including gel and foam and they are known to kill several bacteria. Many factors play a role in the effectiveness of hand sanitizers such as the alcohol concentration and the techniques used to apply hand sanitizers. Alcohol based hand sanitizers must have an alcohol concentration of 60 70% to be effective. There is currently no legislation regulating hand sanitizers and there is a lack of research focusing on differences between foam and gel hand sanitizers. This research study investigates effectiveness of gel compared to foam hand sanitizers by evaluating the prevalence of Escherichia coli (E.coli) on pigskins. Methods: To compare the hand sanitizers, microbiological sampling was completed. E.coli was introduced onto 65 pigskins. Five pigskins were used as a baseline to determine the average amount of Colony Forming Units (CFUs) of E.coli present prior to the application of hand sanitizers. One set of the 30 pigskins was applied with gel hand sanitizer, whereas the other 30 was applied with foam hand sanitizer. The pigskins were swabbed with QuickSnap swabs and plated onto 3M Petrifilms. The 65 petrifilms were incubated at 35oC for 48 hours. After incubation, the CFUs of E.coli present on the petrifilm were enumerated. The difference in CFUs was calculated to determine the reduction in E.coli and the overall effectiveness of hand sanitizers. Results: The data was analyzed by using the statistical software, NCSS. Statistical analysis showed that the findings were statistically significant and the null hypothesis (Ho: no difference in CFUs of E.coli between foam versus gel alcohol-based hand sanitizers) was rejected with a power of 0.9997 at p-value of 0.00000. This indicates that there is a difference in the ability to reduce E.coli between gel and foam hand sanitizers and gel sanitizers appeared to be more effective. Conclusion: These results indicate that there was a difference in the effectiveness between foam and gel hand sanitizers in reducing E.coli that was inoculated onto pigskins. However, consumers should be aware that hand sanitizers do not completely eliminate all pathogens. Though gel hand sanitizers are more effective, they should only be used when there are no other methods of keeping hands clean.
ABO and Rh Blood Group Distribution in Istanbul Province (Turkey)

Objective: An understanding of the distribution of blood groups in a city is useful for individuals in need. In this study, we aimed to determine the distribution rates of ABO and Rh blood groups in İstanbul Province. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted by investigating the records of 6041 healthy blood donors who visited the Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, Blood Bank, between 1st January, 2011 and 31st December, 2013. ABO and Rh blood groups were examined by lam agglutination, micro plate agglutination, or gel centrifugation methods. Results: In this study, the frequency of the blood groups A, O, B, and AB were found to be 43.44%, 33.02%, 15%, and 8.54%, respectively. Rh (+) positivity was determined in 5192 cases (85.95%) and Rh (-) negativity was determined in 849 cases (14.05%). The frequency of intra-group Rh was found to be 87.84% of Rh (+) and 12.16% of Rh (-) in blood group A, 87.52% of Rh (+) and 14.48% of Rh (-) in blood group O, 82.12% of Rh (+) and 17.88% of Rh (-) in blood group B, and 76.94% of Rh (+) and 23.06% of Rh (-) in blood group AB. A majority of the blood donors were males (92.42%), and 69.28% were in the age group of 25–44 years. Conclusion: ABO and Rh blood group distribution rates in our region were similar to the general rates in Turkey. There was a positive correlation between the frequency of ABO blood group type and Rh positivity rate in each group. We believe that the present study will contribute to the literature with respect to the database of blood groups.
A Survey of Helminth Infections in Amakakala, Ogbia Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

This survey was carried out among school children in Amakalakala community in Ogbia Local Government area of Bayelsa State to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections. 100 faecal samples from the schools made up of 41 males and 59 females were collected and analyzed using direct smear method. In all, 19(19.00%) were infected, with 15(15.0%) having Ascaris lumbricoides followed by 4(4.0%) having Necator sp. Males, 19.51%, were more infected than the females, 18.64% (p 0.05). Most of the children used the waterside for defaecation. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the infection pattern for the socio-demographic data. Most of the children used the waterside for defaecation but no significant difference (P>0.05) in the infection pattern for the socio-demographic data was recorded. It is recommended that periodic surveillance of school children for intestinal helminthiasis should be part of the public health activities.
Research Article. Characteristics of Sleep Apnea Assessed Before Discharge in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Heart Failure

Abstract Objectives. Evaluation of the characteristics of sleep apnea (SA) in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure, considering that undiagnosed SA could contribute to early rehospitalization. Methods. 56 consecutive patients (13 women, 43 men, mean age 63.12 years) with acute heart failure, in stable condition, underwent nocturnal polygraphy before hospital discharge. The type and severity of SA was determined. Besides descriptive statistics, correlations between the severity of SA and clinical and paraclinical characteristics were also analyzed (t-test, chi-square test, significancy at alpha < 0.05). Results. 12 (21.4%) subjects were free of SA (AHI - apnea-hipopnea index <5/h), 15 (26.7%) had mild SA (AHI=5-14/h), 17 (30.3%) had moderate SA (AHI 15-30/h), and 12 (21.4 %) had severe SA (AHI>30/h). The apnea was predominantly obstructive (32 cases vs. 12 with central SA). Comparing the patients with mild or no SA with those with severe SA, we did not find statistically significant correlations (p>0.05) between the severity of SA and the majority of main clinical and paraclinical characteristics - age, sex, BMI, cardiac substrates of heart failure, comorbidities. Paradoxically, arterial hypertension (p=0.028) and atrial fibrillation (p=0.041) were significantly more prevalent in the group with mild or no SA. Conclusions. Before discharge, in the majority of patients hospitalized with acute heart failure moderate and severe SA is present, and is not related to the majority of patient related factors. Finding of significant SA in this setting is important, because its therapy could play an important role in preventing readmissions and improving prognosis.