Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
conductances in thalamic reticular nucleus neurons generate persistent firing 1 during slow oscillations 2 Abbreviated title : TRPM 4 mediates PF in TRN

TRPM4 conductances in thalamic reticular nucleus neurons generate persistent firing 1 during slow oscillations 2 Abbreviated title: TRPM4 mediates PF in TRN John J. O’Malley1,2, Frederik Seibt1, Jeannie Chin3, and Michael Beierlein1,2 1Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, TX 77030 2MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030 Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX 77030 Address for Correspondence Michael Beierlein Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy McGovern Medical School 6431 Fannin Street, Suite 7.046 Houston, TX 77030 Email: michael.beierlein@uth.tmc. edu Number of pages: 43 Number of figures: 7 Abstract: 246 words Introduction: 580 words Discussion: 1255 words
Striatal cholinergic receptor activation causes a rapid, selective, activity

Funding information NIHDirector’s New Innovator Award 1DP2NS082126; NINDSGrant 1R21NS078660; CRCNSNIHGrant 1R01NS081716; NSFDMS-1042134. Cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic (CBT) β oscillations (15–30Hz) are elevated in Parkinson’s disease and correlated withmovement disability. To date, no experimental paradigm outside of loss of dopamine has been able to specifically elevate β oscillations in the CBT loop. Here, we show that activation of striatal cholinergic receptors selectively increased β oscillations in mouse striatum andmotor cortex. In individuals showing simultaneous β increases in both striatum andM1, β partial directed coherence (PDC) increased from striatum toM1 (but not in the reverse direction). In individuals that did not show simultaneous β increases, β PDC increased fromM1 to striatum (but not in the reverse direction), andM1was characterized by persistent β -HFO phase-amplitude coupling. Finally, the direction of β PDC distinguished between β subbands. This suggests: (1) striatal cholinergic tone exerts state-dependent and frequency-selective control over CBT β power and coordination; (2) ongoing rhythmic dynamics can determinewhether elevated β oscillations are expressed in striatum andM1; (3) altered striatal cholinergic tone differentially modulates distinct β subbands.
The relationship of imagery ability and the efficacy of implosive therapy of rat fears.

INTRODUCTION . Fear . Exbmct̂ . on . » . Implosive Therapy. Imagery. Methods of study . Physiological correlates . Eye movement and pupilometry correlates. Imager;,' and paired associate learning. Intelligence, skills and imagery. Reasoning and Imagery. Imagery and sex differences. Ima.gery and h;mnosls . Measurement of imagery . , The Present Study. Hypotheses . 1 il v± viti 1 2
Low temperature transcriptionally modulates natural peel degreening in lemon (Citrus limon L.) fruit independently of endogenous ethylene

Peel degreening is an important aspect of fruit ripening in many citrus fruit, and earlier studies have shown that it can be advanced either by ethylene treatment or during low temperature storage. However, the important regulators and pathways involved in natural peel degreening remain largely unknown. To understand how natural peel degreening is regulated in lemon (Citrus limon L.) fruit, flavedo transcriptome and physiochemical changes in response to either ethylene treatment or low temperature were studied. Ethylene treatment induced rapid peel degreening which was strongly inhibited by the ethylene antagonist, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Compared with 25°C, moderately low temperatures (5°C, 10°C, 15°C and 20°C) also triggered peel degreening. Surprisingly, repeated 1-MCP treatments failed to inhibit the peel degreening induced by low temperature. Transcriptome analysis revealed that low temperature and ethylene independently regulated genes associated with chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid metabolism, photosystem proteins, phytohormone biosynthesis and signalling, and transcription factors. On-tree peel degreening occurred along with environmental temperature drops, and it coincided with the differential expression of low temperature-regulated genes. In contrast, genes that were uniquely regulated by ethylene showed no significant expression changes during on-tree peel degreening. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that low temperature plays a prominent role in regulating natural peel degreening independently of ethylene in citrus fruit. Highlight Citrus peel degreening is promoted by low temperature via modulation of multiple genes associated with chlorophyll degradation, carotenoid biosynthesis, photosystem disassembly, phytohormones and transcription factors without involving ethylene signalling.
Full title : Dynamic adaptations in the echolocation behavior of bats in response to 1 acoustic interference 2 3 Short title : Dynamic adaptations to avoid acoustic interference

24 Animals must extract relevant sensory information out of a multitude of non-informative and 25 sometimes interfering stimuli. For orientation, bats rely on broadcasted calls and they must assign each 26 echo to the corresponding call. When bats orient in acoustically enriched environments, call-echo 27 assignment becomes challenging due to signal interference. Bats often adapt echolocation parameters 28 which potentially improves signal extraction. However, they also adjust echolocation parameters with 29 respect to target distance. To characterize adaptations that are exclusively elicited to minimize signal 30 interference, we tested the effect of acoustic playback on the echolocation behavior of the fruit-eating 31 bat, Carollia perspicillata . Hereby, distance-dependent changes were considered by swinging bats in a 32 pendulum and directly measuring the object distance. Acoustic playback evoked different call 33 adjustments in parameters such as bandwidth, peak-frequency, duration and call level. These 34 adaptations were highly dynamic and could vary across individuals, days, trials, and even within trials. 35 Our results demonstrate that bats do not only change one echolocation parameter when orienting in 36 acoustically enriched environments. They rather have a tool-kit of different behavioral adaptations to 37 cope with interfering acoustic stimuli. By dynamically switching between different adaptations, bats 38 can maximize the extraction of their biosonar signals from the background.
T HE CORRELATION OF K LF4 EXPRESSION AND CELL ADHESION MOLECULES IN GASTRIC CANCER

Klf4, transcription factor essential for the regulation of proliferation and dif- ferentiation of gastric epithelial cells, and cell adhesion molecules, E- cadherin and β catenin, have a crucial role in gastric cancer invasion and metastasis. Considering the complex interactions between Klf4 and cell adhesion molecules, the aim of this research was to investigate the immunohistochemical profile and possible association of these proteins with clinico-pathologicalal characteristics of gastric cancer. The tumors with good or moderate histological differentiation were more likely to express retained Klf4 expression (p <0.001). Altered expression of Klf4 was found in 82.6% of the tumors, and significantly correlated with older age and lymph node metastases (p=0.046, and p <0.001, respectively). High E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with low histological grade and absence of nodal metastases (p=0.016, and p=0.028, respectively), while aberrant β -catenin expression was linked to advanced pathological stage, metastatic spread to regional lymph nodes, and younger age (p=0.027, p=0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). In addition, strong correlation was found between Klf4 and E-cadherin expression (p=0.001). The translation of the results acquired in molecular studies into the pathological practice is essential for establishing the potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic application of biomarkers. This study identified significant correlation between Klf4, and immuno-histochemical expression of cell adhesion molecules in gastric cancer tissue. Immuno-histochemical detection of altered expression of Klf4, E- cadherin, and β - catenin may suggest unfavorable prognosis of the disease and contribute to the selection of patients who require closer follow-up after surgery. Acta Medica Medianae 2017;56(3):143-150.
Running head: Using tDCS to interfere with fear extinction Title: Offline tDCS modulates prefrontal-cortical–subcortical-cerebellar fear pathways in delayed fear extinction Authors:

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been studied to enhance extinction-based treatments for anxiety disorders. However, the field shows conflicting results about the anxiolytic effect of tDCS and only a few studies have previously observed the extinction of consolidated memories. Off-line tDCS modulates subsequent fear response (fear recall and fear extinction) neural activity and connectivity, throughout changes in the fear pathway that is critically involved in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Thirty-four women participated in a two-day fear conditioning procedure. On day 1, women were randomly assigned to the control group (n=18) or the tDCS group (n=16) and went through a fear acquisition procedure. On day 2, the tDCS group received 20min tDCS at 1mA [cathode – F4; anode – contralateral deltoid] immediately before extinction and while inside the MRI scanner. The control group completed the extinction procedure only. fMRI whole brain contrast analysis showed stimulation dependent activity patterns with the tDCS group showing decreased neural activity during the processing of the CS+ and increased activity during the processing of the CS, in prefrontal, postcentral and paracentral regions, during late extinction. PPI analysis showed tDCS impact on the connectivity between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and three clusters along the cortical–amygdalo–hippocampal– cerebellar pathway, during the processing of the CS+ in late extinction (TFCE corrected at p < .05). The increased neuronal activity during the processing of safety cues and the stronger coupling during the processing of threat cues might well be the mechanisms by which tDCS contributes to stimuli discrimination.
Running head : Attention promotes prediction errors 1 Attention Promotes the Neural Encoding of 2 Prediction Errors 3

1Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 6 2Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Australia 7 3School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 8 4Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 9 5School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 10 6Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) 11
Autism Among Children Attending Pediatric Psychiatric Department in Child's Central Teaching Hospital in Baghdad: a Descreptive Study

INTRODUCTION: Autism is a brain developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior. These signs all begin before a child is three years old. Autism spectrum disorders(ASD) also called pervasive developmental disorders" (PDD) refers to a group of disorders characterized by impairments in social interaction and verbal and nonverbal communication as well as repetitive and stereotyped
Taxonomic variability over functional stability in the microbiome of 2 Cystic Fibrosis patients chronically infected by Pseudomonas 3

2 Abstract 25 Although the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung microbiome has been characterized in several studies, little is 26 still known about the functions harboured by those bacteria, and how they change with disease 27 status and antibiotic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the taxonomic and 28 functional temporal dynamics of airways microbiome in a cohort of CF patients. Multiple sputum 29 samples were collected over 15 months from 22 patients with chronic P. aeruginosa infection, for a 30 total of 79 samples. DNA extracted from samples was subjected to shotgun metagenomic 31 sequencing allowing either strain-level taxonomic profiling and assessment of the functional 32 metagenomic repertoire. High inter-patient taxonomic heterogeneity was found with short-term 33 compositional changes during exacerbations and following antibiotic treatment. Each patient 34 exhibited distinct sputum microbial communities at the taxonomic level, and strain-specific 35 colonization of traditional CF pathogens, including P. aeruginosa , and emerging pathogens. Sputum 36 microbiome was found to be extraordinarily resilient following antibiotic treatment, with rapid 37 recovery of taxa and metagenome-associated gene functions. In particular, a large core set of genes, 38 including antibiotic resistance genes, were shared across patients despite observed differences in 39 clinical status or antibiotic treatment, and constantly detected in the lung microbiome of all subjects 40 independently from known antibiotic exposure, suggesting an overall microbiome-associated 41 functions stability despite taxonomic fluctuations of the communities. 42 IMPORTANCE While the dynamics of CF sputum microbial composition were highly patient-43 specific, the overall sputum metagenome composition was stable, showing a high resilience along 44 time and antibiotic exposure. The high degree of redundancy in the CF lung microbiome could 45 testifies ecological aspects connected to the disease that were never considered so far, as the large 46 core-set of genes shared between patients despite observed differences in clinical status or antibiotic
Grey Matter Heterotopia and Criminal Responsibility in a Case of Personal Injury Defense

The abnormal allocation of nodules of grey matter in areas of the brain or spinal cord that should physiologically be occupied by white matter characterizes a neural defect called Grey Matter Heterotopia (GMH). The improvement of MRI techniques has enabled a deeper understanding of the neuropathological bases and epidemiology of such a condition. Among its major manifestations, there is the onset of epileptic seizures, mild intellectual disability, impairments in executive functioning, neurodevelopmental disorders; less frequently GMH has been found associated with depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Despite the clinical interest in GMH, no studies have considered the possible forensic and criminological implications of this condition. In the current study, we present a case of GMH in a young male defendant accused of having seriously injured a schoolmate as a reaction to bullying behavior. Neuropsychological and instrumental evidence converge in showing prevalence for the defendant's adoption of repressive responses to stressors, and difficulties to inhibit undesirable behavior at the long run. In the case at hand, the massive stress induced by the exposition to bullying behavior undermined inhibitory control, hence an impulsive and disproportionate reaction took place. Without appropriate therapeutic control, this reactive behavior might take place again. As a consequence, the forensic assessment recommended that the defendant was held partially liable only but that there was likelihood of recidivism. We discuss this single-case evidence for a possible role of GMH in the adoption of dyscontrolled responses to stressors, and the relevance of GMH diagnosis in forensic proceedings.
Patient-Related Risk Factors for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Systematic Review

Background Studies have reported that patient-related factors significantly impact the risk of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV). The objective of this study was to analyze those risk factors of CINV through a systematic literature review. Methods We searched MEDLINE to identify articles that addressed patient-related risk factors of CINV through clinical studies. Results A total of 49 articles were selected for this study. A total of 28 patient-related risk-factors that significantly impact the risk of CINV were documented. Three factors are demographically related, 17 factors are intrinsic in nature and innate to patient's physiology or influenced by physiology, and eight factors are extrinsic in nature. At least five studies identified seven risk factors with notable summary odds ratio: history of nausea/vomiting (odds ratio: 3.13, 95% CI 2.40–4.07, p < 0.05), female sex (odds ratio: 2.79, 95% CI 2.26–3.44, p < 0.05), expectancy of CINV (odds ratio: 2.61, 95%CI 1.69–4.02, p < 0.05), younger age (odds ratio: 2.59, 95% CI 2.18–3.07, p < 0.05), anxiety (odds ratio: 2.57, 95% CI 1.94–3.40, p < 0.05), history of morning sickness (odds ratio: 1.97, 95% CI 1.46–2.65, p < 0.05), and low alcohol intake (odds ratio: 1.94, 95% CI 1.68–2.24, p < 0.05). Conclusions Oncologists can use these factors prior to the initiation of a chemotherapy regimen to identify patients at risk for CINV, in order to focus on more comprehensive antiemetic treatment options for those high-risk patients. This may enable better outcomes and avoid complications.
Intestinal microbes: an axis of functional diversity among large marine consumers

Microbes are ubiquitous throughout the world's oceans, yet the manner and extent of their influence on the ecology and evolution of large, mobile fauna remains poorly understood. Here, we establish the intestinal microbiome as a hidden, and potentially important, ‘functional trait’ of tropical herbivorous fishes—a group of large consumers critical to coral reef resilience. Using field observations, we demonstrate that five common Caribbean fish species display marked differences in where they feed and what they feed on. However, in addition to space use and feeding behaviour—two commonly measured functional traits—we find that interspecific trait differences are even more pronounced when considering the herbivore intestinal microbiome. Microbiome composition was highly species specific. Phylogenetic comparison of the dominant microbiome members to all known microbial taxa suggest that microbiomes are comprised of putative environmental generalists, animal-associates and fish specialists (resident symbionts), the latter of which mapped onto host phylogeny. These putative symbionts are most similar to—among all known microbes—those that occupy the intestines of ecologically and evolutionarily related herbivorous fishes in more distant ocean basins. Our findings therefore suggest that the intestinal microbiome may be an important functional trait among these large-bodied consumers.
Development and validation of Vellore Assessment of Social Performance among clients with chronic mental illness

Background: Social skills deficits are hallmark symptoms of chronic mental illness. The absence of a culturally sensitive instrument to measure social skills in the Indian population demands the need to develop and standardize such instruments. Aim: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a context-specific, culturally relevant, and performance-based assessment scale for social performance. Materials and Methods: An expert committee of mental health professionals reviewed existing literature, identified standardized scales, examined items for cultural relevance, and identified possible issues for measurement. The items were categorized into 5 domains with a 7-point scale. The instrument was initially piloted on 10 participants, then among 101 consecutive clients with chronic mental illness between 18 and 60 years of age who provided written informed consent. They were assessed by two therapists to evaluate inter-rater reliability and test–retest reliability. They were also assessed on the Social Interaction and Communication Skills Checklist (SICSC) to evaluate convergent validity and on the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to assess divergent validity. Standard statistical tests were used to study its characteristics. Results: The scale had good inter-rater reliability (0.941; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.914, 0.960) and test–retest reliability (0.928; 95% CI: 0.810, 0.965). The correlation between total score of Vellore Assessment of Social Performance (VASP) and SICSC (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.696; P = 0.001) suggested moderate convergent validity. The correlation between total score of VASP and GHQ-12 (Pearson's correlation coefficient = −0.046; P = 0.648) implied good divergent validity. Conclusion: VASP seems to be a promising scale to assess social performance in people with mental illness.
Integrated screws with cage spacer system in the treatment of cervical spine degenerative disease with a minimum follow-up of 2 years

Background: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a widely accepted surgical treatment for cervical degenerative disease.Integrated screws with cage spacer system is a relatively new device designed for patients undergoing ACDF with the dual properties of plating and standalone cage. We are reporting our findings in term of clinico-radiological outcomes following the use of such devices in the treatment of cervical spine degenerative diseases. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively, we studied 18 patients treated with integrated screws and cage spacer system for cervical degenerative diseases with a minimum follow up period of 2 years.We compared the preoperative Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score both neck and for arm, neck disability index (NDI), overall cervical sagittal alignment (OSA) and segmental sagittal alignment (SSA) with the postoperative data. The final outcome was assessed with Odom's criteria. Paired student t test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of the patient was 46 years (range: 29-63 years) with the mean follow up period of 28 months (range: 24-47 months). The total operated levels were 19.Out of which 11 were at C5-C6 level. The mean pain VAS score for neck and arm along with NDI improved significantly after surgery at last follow up. The mean OSA and SSA improved from 8.00 ± 5.00 to 10.61 ± 3.50 and 3.50 ± 3.20 to 8.11 ± 4.65 at last follow up. X ray showed 100% fusion rate and majority of the patients had a good outcome. Conclusion: Integrated screws and cage spacer device is a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of cervical degenerative diseases.