Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mycelial fatty acid composition of Pleurotus spp. and its application in the intrageneric differentiation

The mycelial fatty acid profiles of several Pleurotus strains and their application in intrageneric differentiation were investigated. In the lipids produced by strains of Pleurotus abalonus, P. calyptratus, P. columbinus, P. cornucopiae, P. cystidiosus, P. ostreatus, P. pulmonarius, P. sajor-caju and P. sapidus , the predominant fatty acid was linoleic (33–68% total lipids), while in P. eryngii strains the major fatty acid was oleic (43–46%). In all strains studied, oleic and palmitic acids were present in significant concentrations (> 12%), whereas stearic acid was found in lower ones. By using the ratios C18:1/C18:0, C18:2/C18:1 and C18/C16:0 as variables, Pleurotus strains were clustered into six groups. Group I ( P. ostreatus ); group II, divided in three sub-groups (IIa: P. columbinus , IIb: P. eryngii , IIc: P. cornucopiae ), group III, divided in two sub-groups (IIIa: P. sajor-caju , IIIb: P. pulmonarius ), group IV ( P. sapidus ), group V ( P. abalonus ) and group VI divided in two sub-groups (VIa: P. cystidiosus and VIb: P. calyptratus ). It is concluded that the mycelial fatty acid composition of Pleurotus can be used in the intrageneric taxonomy of the genus.
Does the integrity or structure of mallee habitat influence the degree of Fox predation on Malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata)?

Abstract Malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata) are in decline across their range. Previous studies have found that the survival rate of young Malleefowl is low, the single greatest cause of mortality being predation by the introduced Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes). Many of these studies, particularly those in New South Wales (NSW), were conducted in habitats that were heavily modified by fire, exotic herbivores or plant harvesting. In this paper, we examine the survival of Malleefowl in relatively undisturbed mallee habitats within two conservation reserves in South Australia (SA). Both reserves were long unburnt and free of large exotic herbivores, but differed greatly in understorey structure. Fifteen young captive-reared Malleefowl were released into each reserve. In all, 70% of these individuals were dead within 40 days. Fox predation was the prime cause of mortality, accounting for at least 30%, and perhaps as much as 96%, of all deaths. The extent and causes of mortality were similar in the two reserves. The overall level of Malleefowl survival was (1) better than that recorded in more disturbed habitat in NSW in the absence of any Fox control, but (2) substantially less than that in NSW after widespread Fox control was implemented. This study indicates that Malleefowl in SA are subject to significant levels of Fox predation, even in relatively undisturbed habitats. Also, for the two mallee habitats examined, evidence suggests that understorey structure had no influence on the degree of predation. Available data indicate that during the past two decades Malleefowl populations in SA have declined at about the same rate as those in NSW. Current densities in SA are typically about one- quarter of what they were 15 years ago. We conclude that habitat integrity and structure have little effect on the interaction between Foxes and Malleefowl, and suggest that Malleefowl populations across Australia are threatened by Foxes, placing the species at substantial risk of extinction.
PRECISION AND BIAS OF METHODS FOR ESTIMATING POINT SURVEY DETECTION PROBABILITIES

Wildlife surveys often seek to determine the presence or absence of species at sites. Such data may be used in population monitoring, impact assessment, and species– habitat analyses. An implicit assumption of presence/absence surveys is that if a species is not detected in one or more visits to a site, it is absent from that site. However, it is rarely if ever possible to be completely sure that a species is absent, and false negative observation errors may arise when detection probabilities are less than 1. The detectability of species in wildlife surveys is one of the most important sources of uncertainty in determining the proportion of a landscape that is occupied by a species. Recent studies emphasize the need to acknowledge and incorporate false negative observation error rates in the analysis of site occupancy data, although a comparative study of the range of available methods for estimating detectability and occupancy is notably absent. The motivation for this study stems from the lack of guidan.
Resaerch Paper: Cultural Issues in Understanding Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Nature, Appraisals, and Control Strategies of Unwanted Intrusive Thoughts in Iranian Nonclinical Population

* Corresponding Author: Imaneh Abasi, PhD. Address: Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98 (21) 23031548 E-mail: abasi@sbmu.ac. ir; imanehabasi@gmail.com Objective: Recent developments in cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder posits that nearly everyone experiences unwanted intrusive thoughts, images, and impulses from time to time. The intrusions are not particularly a problematic issue; it is more probably an interpretation or attempts to control in maladaptive or unrealistic ways. So, the present article aimed to assess the nature, prevalence, appraisal, and control strategies of intrusions in the Iranian population.
Modeling and Evaluating of Wave Run-up and Overtopping using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method

Wave overtopping, Wave run-up, SPH method, Navier-Stokes equation, Numerical method. This paper presents a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method to investigate wave overtopping over coastal structures. The SPH method is a mesh-free particle modeling approach that can efficiently treat the large deformation of free surface. To simulate free surface flows in Lagrangian Navier-Stokes equation, fluid particles are followed using numerical methods in several time-steps. The proposed numerical method expected to provide a promising practical tool to investigate the complicated wave-structure interactions. The water depth over the horizontal section of the model is varied between 0.105–0.26 m. The wave height of the model is varied between 0.022–0.155 m. Firstly, a solitary-wave run-up is verified by comparing results from the numerical model to the experimental data. Then, a solitary-wave overtopping was modeled and the results were compared with experimental data. Correlation coefficient R obtained from experimental and SPH model are 0.96 and 0.958 respectively. These results show that the present model is suitable for simulating complex problems in fluid mechanics with boundary conditions of free surface showing very good agreement with the experimental data.
Natural killer cell monitoring in cutaneous melanoma - new dynamic biomarker

Melanoma is responsible for most skin cancer deaths in humans. The immune system plays a major role in regulating tumor cell proliferation by initiating defence responses against tumor aggression. Research on murine cancer models allow for a better understanding of immune response in malignancies, revealing specific changes of the immune status in the presence of tumors. Melanoma resistance to conventional therapies and its high immunogenicity justify the development of new therapies. These features reinforce melanoma as a suitable model for studying antitumor immunity. Recent findings on NK cell activation in cancer patients indicate that several important parameters, such as tumor capacity to modulate the function and phenotype of NK cells, require consideration for the choice of an NK-based therapy. In this study, we investigated T-CD4+ and T-CD8+ lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and NK cells in peripheral blood and spleen cells suspension from melanoma-bearing mice compared to healthy controls in order to assess the potential for tumor growth-promoting immunosuppression. Our results indicate that in a melanoma-bearing mouse model the percentage of NK cells in spleen is reduced and that their phenotype is different compared to control mouse NK cells.
Intraocular lens correction of presbyopia

The continued development of intraocular lens (IOL) technology has led to a dramatic improvement in refractive outcomes. New and innovative ways of achieving the desired postoperative refractive goals continue to be developed. This article aims to review the currently available IOL modalities for correction of presbyopia at the time of cataract surgery, including reference to high-quality comparative studies, where available, and discussion of strengths as well as limitations of the currently available IOL technologies. It has been shown that multifocal compared to monofocal IOL was associated with higher rates of spectacle independence, but higher rates and severity of symptomatic glare as well as reduced contrast sensitivity. Within multifocal IOLs, diffractive compared to refractive IOLs tended to have better near vision and a lower rate of symptomatic glare. Extended depth-of-focus IOLs compared to diffractive multifocal IOL demonstrated equal or superior intermediate visual acuity, with less than or equal rates of glare. Accommodative IOLs represent a broad range of technologies that continue to develop, and new technologies offering opportunities for postoperative adjustment of refractive outcome are emerging.
Effectiveness of Differentiated Instruction in the Reading Comprehension Level of Grade-11 Senior High School Students

This study determined the effectiveness of Differentiated Instruction in the reading comprehension level of the Grade-11 senior high school students, school year 2016-2017. Specifically, it aims to determine the reading comprehension level of the control and the experimental groups in the pretest and post-test; identify if there is a significant difference in the reading comprehension level of the control and experimental groups in the pre-test and post-test results; and identify the strengths and weaknesses in using Differentiated Instruction. Quasi-experimental method was employed in conducting the study. The respondents were the 150 Grade-11 students of a public high school grouped as control and experimental using Parallel technique. Data sources include pre-test and post-test scores, gain scores, classroom observation form, survey questionnaire, and researcher’s reflective notes. The qualitative data were analysed using template analysis style and the basic approach of comprehending, synthesizing, theorizing and re-contextualizing to identify common themes and integrating thematic pieces. Based on the classroom observations, survey and researcher’s reflective notes, strengths and weaknesses of Differentiated Instruction were observed. Despite the observed and encountered challenges, the statistical analysis has revealed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test results.
The independent and combined effects of selected risk factors and Arg399Gln XRCC1 polymorphism in the risk of colorectal cancer among an Iranian population

Background: Several environmental and genetic factors have contributed to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to investigate the independent and combined effects of some selected risk factors and Arg399Gln XRCC1 polymorphism on CRC. Methods: A total of 180 patients with CRC and 160 healthy individuals who were matched for sex, age, and place of residence (Northeast of Iran) participated in this case-control study. Before collecting blood samples and filling out questionnaires, a written consent form was obtained from all participants. Genotypes were determined by RFLP-PCR. The comparison of genotype and allele frequencies was performed using p value based on the results of chi-square test. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by employing a logistic regression model. All statistical calculations were performed using SPSS. Each of the 2- sided p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The level of literacy, physical activity, consumption of vegetables and fruits, and tea intake of the patients were significantly lower than healthy individuals, but gastrointestinal disorders, family history of cancer, BMI, and fast food consumption were significantly higher in cases than in controls. No significant difference was observed between the 2 groups regarding smoking, opioid addiction, alcohol consumption, diet, fish consumption, and liquid intake, using the kitchen hood, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Arg/Gln + Gln/Gln and Arg/Gln genotypes were involved in increased CRC risk (The crude OR =1.781 with a 95% CI of 1.156-2.744 and OR = 1.690 with a 95% CI of 0.787-3.630). Also, Gln/Gln genotype was more frequent in CRC group than in control group. However, none of the risk factors interacted with polymorphism, and thus did not have an effect on CRC. Conclusion: Some risk factors, such as reducing the consumption of vegetables and fruits or reducing physical activity as well as polymorphism of the XRCC1 Arg399Gln alone, increase the risk of CRC, but they do not interact with each other.
THE IMPACT OF MYCORRHIZAL PREPARATION MYKONET ON VALUABLE AGRONOMICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF PEPPER

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the Indian mycorrhizal preparation Mykonet (Mn) of Endo type on agronomical and economic indicators of the hot and sweet pepper production. The study was conducted with two sweet (Zmrukht and Nush-55) and two hot varieties of pepper (Kon and Punj). The experiments were carried out according to the block randomization method. It has been shown that Mn improves the biological and economic characteristics of sweet and hot peppers, depending on the treatment duration and variety. The most effective was 2 h treatment. The dry matter content was increased slightly, but increased for sugars and ascorbic acid. The best effect was obtained for Zmrukht. Given that Mn has improved the agronomical and economic characteristics of sweet and hot peppers, it can be recommended for pepper production.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites Among Preschool Children and Maternal KAP on Prevention and Control in Senbete and Bete Towns, North Shoa, Ethiopia

In developing countries, intestinal parasites like protozoa and helminths are highly prevalent in preschool children. There is also poor understanding of the mother’s knowledge, attitude, and practices towards parasitic infections. Therefore, this study is designed to assess the prevalence of intestinal parasite and maternal knowledge, attitude and practice on the prevention and control of intestinal parasites. Cross-sectional study was conducted on preschool children in Senbete and Bete towns. Stool specimens were collected and examined for intestinal parasites by using Kato-Katz and formol-ether concentration technique. Mother’s knowledge, attitude, and practice data were collected using a per-tested structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS-20 and P values less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant value. Among 214 preschool children, the overall prevalence of intestinal parasite was 52.3%. The predominant parasites was Hymenolepis nana (23.8 %), followed by Giardia lamblia (19.6%). Among 214 interviewed mothers 129 (60.3%) had knowledge on prevention and control of intestinal parasites. And also 120(56.1%) of the respondent had positive attitude on the prevention and control of intestinal parasites. Moreover, 95(44.4%) of the mothers used toilet or container to dispose their children’s faeces and 186(86.9%) mothers gave drug for their child. High prevalence of intestinal parasite was found. Maternal education level, open field defecation and playing with soil were significantly associated with intestinal parasitic infections. Therefore, health education program to improve maternal knowledge, attitude and practice should be implemented.
Reference price effect on consumer choicein online and traditional supermarkets: Anapplication of discrete choice model onhome scan data

Reference price effect on consumer choices is an acknowledged phenomenon in marketing literature. Several studies have explored this issue using both observational studies and choice experiments. Furthermore, evidence exists on different consumer behaviour when shopping in traditional stores and online. Hence, question arises on whether and how consumers take into account reference price when shopping online. This study aims to analyze and compare consumer behaviour in online stores and traditional stores. A definition of reference price based on past prices is adopted and a discrete choice model is proposed, which includes gain and losses as additional product attributes, with individual-specific coefficients. The model is applied on observed cola purchases (home scan data) in traditional supermarkets and in an online store. Results indicate that loss aversion does play a role in online choices, but the effect is smaller if compared to choices in traditional stores.
Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy

Objective: The present study was carried out to find out the prevalence of various thyroid disorders among pregnant women in their first trimester in the southern area of Rajasthan. Material & Methods: The study was conducted during the period of 1year from July 2017 to July 2018. 200 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic for their routine antenatal visit in first trimester were included in the study. Routine blood and urine investigations along with serum TSH, FT3 and FT4 were done in all the study participants. Results: Age of the patient’s ranged from 19 to 38 with the mean age of 25.66±3.90 years. Mean gestational age of study population was 8.12±1.63 weeks. The mean TSH, FT3 and FT4 values were 1.499, 2.386 and 1.410 respectively. Thyroid disorders were found in 14%patients out of 200 study participants. 86% patients were euthyroid among the study participants. 7% patients were found to be having subclinical hypothyroidism. 4% were having overt hypothyroidism and 3% were having subclinical hyperthyroidism. Conclusion: The study revealed high prevalence of thyroid disorders (14%) among pregnant women in their first trimester specially hypothyroidism (11%). Routine antenatal thyroid screening should be performed in all pregnant women.
Releases of ingested phytoplankton carbon by Daphnia magna

Summary 1. The carbon budgets and assimilation efficiencies (AEs) of adults and juveniles of Daphnia magna were quantified using 14C as a tracer. Animals were fed pure Chlamydomonas reinhardtii or Scenedesmus obliquus at different food concentrations. Carbon AEs (46–70%) were comparable at food concentrations of 0.03–0.30 mg C L−1 for both algal species, but decreased to 34–49% when the food concentration further increased by 10-fold. The carbon AEs were significantly and negatively correlated with the food level. 2. During the postdigestive period, partitioning of ingested carbon into different compartments including excretion, respiration and egestion was not influenced by the food species and life stage. There was a negative correlation between respiration (as % of total loss) and food concentration and a positive correlation between egestion (as % of total loss) and food concentration. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and CO2 accounted for 55–72% and 9–37%, respectively, of the total carbon loss from juveniles fed both algal diets. For adults, DOC and CO2 contributed to 44–64% and 20–47% of the total carbon loss, respectively. Particulate organic carbon (POC) was a minor pathway for the overall carbon loss. 3. The turnover and release budget of structural carbon (as moults and neonate reproduction) were further evaluated in long-term experiments at different algal concentrations. Food concentration did not affect the carbon efflux or the carbon allocation into different physiological compartments except for respiration. Juveniles had twofold lower carbon turnover rate (0.12–0.16 day−1) than those of the adults (0.32–0.35 day−1). In adults, comparable carbon was allocated into DOC (35–42%) and reproduction (27–35%), which were the dominant routes for carbon loss. For the juveniles, DOC accounted for 42–64% of the total carbon loss. 4. About 21–38% of the total DOC released by adults and juveniles was associated with the high molecular weight organic carbon fraction (>5 kDa). Our results show that carbon was mainly lost by D. magna in the form of DOC during assimilation process as well as from the structural materials. Reproduction or maternal transfer was another major drain of body carbon for adult D. magna.
CHAIN TRANSITIVITY FOR MAPS ON G-SPACES

We define and study the notion of chain transitivity for maps on G-spaces. Through examples we justify that the notion of G-chain transitivity depends on the action of G. Further, we obtain characterization of G-chain transitivity in terms of chain transitivity. A relation between G-chain transitivity and G-chain recurrent points of a map is also obtained.
Blockchain and the Future of Work: A Self-Determination Theory Approach

Similar to the Internet several decades ago, Blockchain technology is expected to become a highly disruptive technology that will presumably impact society and economy alike. In this paper we present various scenarios as to how Blockchain might affect the future of work. We build on Self-Determination Theory, which takes into account different types of human needs and motivations, as a theoretical framework. We conducted 24 qualitative interviews with Blockchain experts and created three different scenarios that outline potential future developments. The experts’ opinions range from predicting no significant impact of Blockchain on the work environment toward substantial changes that can have both beneficial and adverse consequences for the work force. In this chapter we detail the three scenarios and further illustrate Blockchain’s potential implications for basic human needs in the context of the future of work.
On the Eocene Cichlids from the Lumbrera Formation: Additions and Implications for the Neotropical Ichthyofauna

ABSTRACT The Lumbrera Formation is an Eocene unit cropping out in northwestern Argentina from which three cichlid species were recently described and represent the oldest Neotropical cichlid records: Proterocara argentina, Gymnogeophagus eocenicus, and Plesioheros chauliodus. The fossils come from a level interpreted as a perennial, low-energy, freshwater lake surrounded by low relief and sporadically flooded vegetated areas. Sedimentological, paleontological, and absolute U/Pb zircon dating studies suggest a lower Eocene age (∼48.6 Ma). Phylogenetic analyses place these cichlids as nested in the modern Geophagini and Heroini clades and attest to early differentiation from the basal cichlid lineages and a morphological conservatism since at least the early Eocene (∼48.6 Ma). Molecular phylogenies calibrated with the Lumbrera Formation fossils suggest that the age of cichlids may be considerably older than the minimum age provided by currently known fossils. In combination with well-established family-level phylogenetic relationships compatible with Gondwanan fragmentation, the origin of the Cichlidae likely dates back to the Cretaceous. The occurrence of Eocene cichlid fossils in the same geographical area as that of related modern lineages suggests that patterns of distribution and endemism of the Neotropical Cichlidae have an ancient history. Here we describe additional cichlid specimens from the Lumbrera assemblage and evaluate their implications for cichlid phylogeny and paleobiogeography.