Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contextualized Word Representations for Multi-Sense Embedding

Distributed word representations are used in many natural language processing tasks. When dealing with ambiguous words, it is desired to generate multi-sense embeddings, i.e. , multiple representations per word. Therefore, several methods have been proposed to generate different word representations based on parts of speech or topic, but these methods tend to be too coarse to deal with ambiguity. In this paper, we propose methods to generate multiple word representations for each word based on dependency structure relations. In order to deal with the data sparseness problem due to the increase in the size of vocabulary, the initial value for each word representations is determined using pre-trained word representations. It is expected that the representations of low frequency words will remain in the vicinity of the initial value, which will in turn reduce the negative effects of data sparseness. Extensive evaluation results conﬁrm the effectiveness of our methods that significantly outperformed state-of-the-art methods for multi-sense embeddings. Detailed analysis of our method shows that the data sparseness problem is resolved due to the pre-training.
A novel end‐to‐end deep learning scheme for classifying multi‐class motor imagery electroencephalography signals

An important subfield of brain–computer interface is the classification of motor imagery (MI) signals where a presumed action, for example, imagining the hands' motions, is mentally simulated. The brain dynamics of MI is usually measured by electroencephalography (EEG) due to its noninvasiveness. The next generation of brain–computer interface systems can benefit from the generative deep learning (GDL) models by providing end‐to‐end (e2e) machine learning and increasing their accuracy. In this study, to exploit the e2e‐property of deep learning models, a novel GDL methodology is proposed where only minimal objective‐free preprocessing steps are needed. Furthermore, to deal with the complicated multi‐class MI–EEG signals, an innovative multilevel GDL‐based classifying scheme is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed model and its robustness against noisy MI–EEG signals is evaluated using two different GDL models, that is, deep belief network and stacked sparse autoencoder in e2e manner. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology with improved accuracy compared with the widely used filter bank common spatial patterns algorithm.
Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of huperzine A for treatment of Alzheimer's disease

AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of huperzine A in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease(AD). METHODS Using meta - analysis method,randomized controlled trials evaluating efficacy and safety of huperzine A were searched in MEDLINE,EMBAS and CNKI with the term "huperzine A(or its trademark names in China such as Ha Bo Yin,Shuang Yi Ping)" and the limits were RCTs and human.The methodological qualities of RCTs were assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration.Meta - analysis was performed using Revman 5.0 software.The primary outcome measures were mini - mental state examination (MMSE),activities of daily living scale(ADL),AD assessment scale-cognitive subscale(ADAS-Cog) and hasegawa dementia scale(HDS). Meta-analysis was performed using mean difference(MD) for continuous data with 95%confidence interval(CI). RESULTS Thirty - nine potentially relevant articles were searched and 6 articles were included in the meta - analysis.We used the validated scale developed by Jadad to measure the quality of the study encompassing 278 in the huperzine A group and 286 in the placebo group.There were significant improvements in MMSE(MD = 2.37;95%CI,1.23 - 3.51;P 0.000 1) and ADL(MD = - 3.69; 95%CI,-5.97 - -1.42;P = 0.001) in the huperzine A group,but not ADAS-Cog and HDS.Most adverse events(AEs) were cholinergic in nature and no serious adverse events(SAEs) occurred.CONCLUSION Huperzine A could significant improve MMSE and ADL on the treatment of AD with no obvious SAEs.
Effect of the water extract of Cuscuta chinensis Lam.on memory impairment in cerebral ischemic rats

Objective To investigate the intervention effect of the extract of Cuscuta chinensis Lam.on memory impairment and the mechanisms in cerebral ischemic rats.Methods The rats were divided into four groups at random :control group,model group,treatment groupⅠand groupⅡ. The model of transient cerebral is- chemie/reperfusion was made by bilateral occlusion of common carotid 'arteries in rats and combination with reduc- ing the blood pressure with an abdominal injection of sodium nitroprusside.Learning-memory ability was observed by Y-maze and step-down test.The activities of SOD and the content of MDA were measured.Results In Y- maze test,the training times in model group(93.4±17.3)significantly increased compared with the control group (57.8±15.7)(P＜0.01),and the treatment group(68.6±15.1,64.5±13.8)significantly decreased compared with the model group.In step-down test,the number of errors and the time of electric shock in model group(4.0±1.6,26.05±9.63)significantly increased compared with the control group(2.1±1.0,11.97±5.67)(P＜0.01),and the treatment group(groupⅠ:3.1±1.5,21.82±8.34;groupⅡ:2.6±1.3,14.21±6.48)signifi- cantly decreased compared with the model group(P＜0.01). Activities of SOD were reduced and MDA level in- creased obviously in model group(53.71±9.86,3.43±0.19),compared with that in control group(76.76±6.24,1.63±0.09)(P＜0.01),but treatment with CCL could remarkably blocked the decrease of SOD activity, and obviously decreased MDA level(P＜0.05). Conclusion CCL could significantly ameliorated the memory impairment of cerebral ischemie rats,and its effects may be involved in the antioxidants.
Economic Shocks and Labour Adjustment: Does Employment Protection Legislation Create Rigidity in the Dualistic Labour Market

Theoretical literature in labour economics argues that employment protection legislation (EPL) has the potential to create rigidity in labour adjustment and, thereby, lead to sub-optimal allocation of resources in the industrial business. However, over the years, the workforce in the industrial sectors of developing countries has become dualistic, with rising share of contract labour, which falls outside the purview of EPL. Empirical literature in India, and elsewhere also, mainly focused on examining the productivity and employment effects of EPL, based on the assumption that the pro-worker legislation creates rigidity in labour adjustment. However, whether EPL actually creates rigidity in the dualistic context is neglected in the research. Therefore, using a state-level panel dataset from the Indian manufacturing sector for the period 1999-2000 to 2011-2012, we studied the producers’ response (in terms of labour adjustment) to economic shocks. We investigated whether the producers responded differently in the states with relatively tougher EPL. We also investigated whether EPL hindered the downward labour adjustment when the producers received negative economic shocks. We used rainfall shock as a proxy for economic shock; and labour turnover as a proxy for labour adjustment. The results indicate that labour turnover is positively associated with the rainfall shocks, but we did not find any effect of EPL on it. Besides, we found thatlabour separation rate, which is used as a proxy for downward labour adjustment, is positively linked with negative rainfall shocks. However, we did not find any effect of EPL on labourseparation rate either. Our results suggest that the pro-worker legislation did not hinder the downward labour adjustment even when the producers experienced the negative shocks.
Estimation of the size and characteristics of HIV-positive populations in Europe

HIV remains a key public health issue, despite the introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) which has led to huge improvements in the prognosis of HIV-positive individuals. In order to be best informed about an HIV epidemic, it is desirable to have estimates to complement data already available from national and international surveillance, not only on the total number of people living with HIV, but which also describe the characteristics of HIV-positive populations such as the number diagnosed, CD4 count and viral load distribution and the cascade of care. The aims of this thesis were to develop a method based on an individual-based progression model of HIV and the effect of ART to reconstruct and hence better understand the HIV-positive population, for use in Europe. Using this model, I first investigated the projected life expectancy of men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) according to timing of diagnosis. I then updated the model to incorporate new data after a review of the literature as well as statistical analyses of viral load and CD4 count changes in the absence of ART, based on data from a large pan-European cohort collaboration. Next, I developed a method using data on MSM in the UK, which calibrates the model to observational and surveillance data of HIV from European countries, and then uses the parameter sets which best fit to the observed data to describe the status of their HIV-positive populations. Plausibility ranges are also estimated to reflect the uncertainty regarding any model parameters. The method is also applied to data on MSM in the Netherlands, and for all HIV-positive individuals in Spain and Estonia. The advantages and disadvantages of this approach compared with other existing approaches are considered. To conclude, I reflect on future modelling needs that are particularly relevant to informing public health in Europe.
Trading Puzzle , Puzzling Trade 1

We explore the return performance of individual investors with respect to various factors such as portfolio size, turnover ratio and also demographic factors: gender and age. Concerning that Borsa İstanbul has one of highest share turnover ratio worldwide (141.8% as of 2012), it is an ideal candidate to do this analysis. We examine the daily trades in Borsa İstanbul (formerly Istanbul Stock Exchange) of 20,000 individual investors over two year period from 2011 to 2012. The main finding which contradicts other studies and the contribution of the paper is that, the return of the individual portfolio is positively correlated with the portfolio size. Other findings are: Almost 70% of all individual investors cannot beat the market. Investors who have high turnover underperform compared to those who have lower turnover. Male investors trade more and lose more vis-à-vis the female and older investors have higher returns.
Humor in Advertising: The Moderating Role of Prior Brand Evaluation:

A consumer's prior evaluation of an advertised brand is hypothesized to moderate the effectiveness of humor in advertising. Further, cognitive responses are hypothesized as mediators of the impact of humorous ads on brand attitude. The results support the hypothesized moderator role of prior brand evaluation: when prior evaluation of the advertised brand is positive, a humorous ad is more effective than its nonhumorous counterpart in changing consumer attitudes and choice behavior. When consumers have a negative prior attitude, the opposite is true: a humorous ad is less effective in changing consumer attitudes and choice behavior than its nonhumorous counterpart. The results also support the conceptualization of cognitive responses as mediators of the impact of humorous advertisements on brand attitude.
Association of Respiratory Viral Infections with Pulmonary Deterioration in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Abstract In a two-year prospective study, we examined the effect of respiratory viral infections on pulmonary function in 49 patients with cystic fibrosis (mean age, 13.7 years). Nineteen normal siblings (mean age, 14) served as controls. Subjects were assessed quarterly and at the time of any respiratory illness. Each assessment included nasal washes for viral isolation and blood drawing for respiratory viral seologic studies. Pulmonary-function tests were performed at least twice yearly. Respiratory illnesses were reported significantly more often in the patients (3.7 per year) than in the normal siblings (1.7 per year), although the frequency of proved viral infections (1.67 per year) was identical. In the patients with cystic fibrosis significant correlations (P<0.0001) were found between the annual incidence of viral infections and every measure of disease progression in the two-year period, including the rate of decline of the Shwachman score (r = 0.71), the percentage of ideal weight for height (r .
Relation of serum lipoprotein levels and systolic blood pressure to early atherosclerosis: the Bogalusa heart study

Abstract We assessed the relation of risk factors for cardiovascular disease to early atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and coronary arteries in 35 persons (mean age at death, 18 years). Aortic involvement with fatty streaks was greater in blacks than in whites (37 vs. 17 percent, P<0.01). However, aortic fatty streaks were strongly related to antemortem levels of both total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.67, P<0.0001 for each association), independently of race, sex, and age, and were inversely correlated with the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to low-density plus very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.35, P = 0.06). Coronary Artery fatty streaks were correlated with very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=0.41, P = 0.04). Mean systolic blood-pressure levels also tended to be higher in the four subjects with coronary-artery fibrous plaques than in those without them: 112 mm Hg as compared with 104 (P = 0.09). These results document the importance of risk-fa.
Who is the Client? The Community Occupational Therapy Support to Elderly Dementia Patients and their Carers in West Dorset

In West Dorset, patients with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders, and their carers, are supported at home by multidisciplinary teams comprising both health and social services personnel. It is recognised that occupational therapists have a specific role to play within the teams; however, the identification of a more general professional role has been neglected. Körner requires face-to-face contact information for DSS statistics, but the role of the occupational therapist extends beyond direct client contact. This study involved three geographical areas of West Dorset with senior occupational therapists, who between them cared for an average of 61 dementia patients. The results indicated a significant gap in the recording of client casework; in particular, there appeared to be a significant role for the occupational therapist in carer support, which seemed to be a determining factor in assisting a dementia patient to continue life in the community. Quantification of patient contact alone was, therefore, an insufficient measure of the role of the occupational therapist. The need to identify the broader contribution, especially in carer support, was paramount.
Associations between patient factors and medication adherence: A Jordanian experience

Objective: To explore the effect of patient characteristics and health beliefs on their medication adherence. Methods: Patients (n=167) with chronic conditions (mean age 58.9; SD=13.54, 53% males) were recruited from March 2009- to March 2010 using a cross sectional study design. Data collected included patients’ demographics, medical conditions, medications therapeutic regimen, frequency of physician visits and health beliefs. Patient self-reported adherence to medications was assessed by the researcher using a validated and published scale. Treatment related problems (TRPs) were evaluated for each patient by competent clinical pharmacists. Associations between patient characteristics/health beliefs with adherence were explored. Results: About half of the patients (46.1%) were non-adherent. A significant association was found between lower adherence and higher number of disease states (p<0.001), higher number of medications (p=0.001), and higher number of identified TRPs (p = 0.003). Patient adherence was positively affected by older age, higher educational level, and higher number of physician visits per month, while it was negatively affected by reporting difficulties with getting prescription refills on time. Conclusion: This study identified different factors that may negatively affect adherence, including higher number of medications and disease states, higher number of identified TRPs and inability to getting prescription refills on time. Hence, more care needs to be provided to patients with complex therapeutic regimens in order to enhance adherence.
Research on Modified Decoction of Inulae and Haematitum Preventing and Curing Vomiting Induced by Tumor Chemical Therapy

Objective:To observe the effect of Modified Decoction of Inulae and Haematitium preventing and curing nausea and vomiting induced by tumor chemical therapy.Methods:112 patients were divided into Chinese herbs group treated by Modified Decoction of Inulae and Haematitium and Western medicine group treated by ondansetron.Results:The obvious effective rate of Chinese herbs group treating vomiting was 86.2%,higher than that of ondansetron,which was 64.8%( P 0.05 );the total effective rate of Chinese herbs group treating vomiting was 93.1%,while that of ondansetron was 83.3% ,and there was no difference between them.The sides effect of Chinese herbs group was 15.5%,while that of ondansetron was 68.5% ,and there was no obvious difference between them ( P 0.01). Conclusions:Modified Decoction of Inulae and Haematitium could prevent and cure vomiting induced by tumor chemical therapy,and its side effect was weaker than ondansetron.
Yolk Sac Abnormalities – Is It a Reliable Indicatorof Abortions? – A Prospective Study in thePopulation Residing in Rural Setup of Mangaluru,Karnataka, India

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine if there were different abortion rates between normal and abnormal yolk sacs between 5-10 weeks of gestation, its association with pregnancy outcome and correlation with other parameters Materials and Methods: In this study, the yolk sac characteristics of 95 consecutive pregnant women, of 5-6.5 weeks gestation, with normal body mass index (BMI) were prospectively evaluated. All patients underwent two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography, which was performed by the same sonographer. We considered the following yolk sac characteristics as normal for classification: diameter: 2- 5 mm; round shape; absence of degenerative changes. Yolk sacs that had diameters smaller than 2 mm or larger than 5 mm; a shape that was not round (i.e., oval or distorted); the presence of degenerative changes. The outcome is statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 100 cases were evaluated. Five cases were excluded. 81(85.3%) continued beyond 20 weeks and the rest 14(14.7%) ended in abortions. About 95.7% of the pregnancies showed the presence of a yolk sac, while in 4.3% of them a yolk sac was absent. Pregnancies with large yolk sac diameter ended with abortions. The sensitivity of predicting normal outcome with regular yolk sac is as high as 94.2%, while specificity is 34.5%. Conclusions: Abnormalities of the yolk sac size or shape, and absence can be used as a reliable indicators of early pregnancy.
Effects of Exercise-Based Interventions on Neonatal Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) assessing the influence of physical exercise interventions during pregnancy on some neonatal outcomes. Data Source. Key words were used to conduct a computerized search in six databases: Cochrane Library Plus, Science Direct, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. RCTs that included an exercise program for healthy pregnant women who were sedentary or had low levels of physical activity were selected. Data Extraction. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies included. Of 4296 articles retrieved, 14 RCTs (3044 pregnant women) met the inclusion criteria. Data Synthesis. Pooled effect sizes (ESs) were calculated using a fixed model. Results. Overall, physical exercise programs during pregnancy produced a small reduction in neonatal birth weight (ES ¼� .10; p ¼ .04). The Apgar score at 1 minute was also weakly increased with combined exercise (aerobic, strength, and flexibility) (ES ¼.09; p ¼.048) and no differences between groups were observed in gestational age at delivery and Apgar score at 5 minutes. Conclusion. Structured physical exercise programs during pregnancy appear to be safe for the neonate, mainly favoring a lower birth weight within normal range. However, more studies are needed to establish recommendations. (Am J Health Promot 0000;00[0]:000–000.)
Neurologic features of horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis with mutations in ROBO3

Objective: To review the neurologic, neuroradiologic, and electrophysiologic features of autosomal recessive horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis (HGPPS), a syndrome caused by mutation of the ROBO3 gene on chromosome 11 and associated with defective decussation of certain brainstem neuronal systems. Methods: The authors examined 11 individuals with HGPPS from five genotyped families with HGPPS. Eight individuals had brain MRI, and six had electrophysiologic studies. Results: Horizontal gaze palsy was fully penetrant, present at birth, and total or almost total in all affected individuals. Convergence, ocular alignment, congenital nystagmus, and vertical smooth pursuit defects were variable between individuals. All patients developed progressive scoliosis during early childhood. All appropriately studied patients had hypoplasia of the pons and cerebellar peduncles with both anterior and posterior midline clefts of the pons and medulla and electrophysiologic evidence of ipsilateral corticospinal and dorsal column-medial lemniscus tract innervation. Heterozygotes were unaffected. Conclusions: The major clinical characteristics of horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosiswere congenital horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis with some variability in both ocular motility and degree of scoliosis. The syndrome also includes a distinctive brainstem malformation and defective crossing of some brainstem neuronal pathways.
Differential bank migration and the maintenance of channel width in meandering river bends

Comparison of three bare-earth lidar data sets along 30 consecutive river bends on the Trinity River in Texas, USA, shows that differential migration of river banks in a channel bend counterbalances past bank migrations so that a statistically steady-state channel width is maintained. Two difference maps created from lidar flown in 2011, 2015, and 2017 capture this temporal variability in the relative amounts of inner versus outer bank migration. In 20 of the studied river bends, channel narrowing during 2011–2015 was counterbalanced by widening during the second interval, or vice versa. Only four bends recorded significant (>1%) progressive change in channel width during both measurement periods. Each of these four bends recorded progressive channel narrowing that was connected to floodplain complexity associated with past bend cutoffs or tributaries. Subaerial volumes of sediment deposited on inner banks of bends were smaller for 2015–2017 than for 2011–2015, while erosional volumes associated with the outer banks were similar despite 2015–2017 having had almost twice the number of days under flood conditions. Over time, channel width for the river appears roughly constant because differences in outer and inner bank migration at one time are counterbalanced by compensating differences at a later time. For the Trinity River, this compensation happened over time spans as short as 2–3 yr and would lead to the appearance of invariant channel width at the decadal scale. Tighter river bends with relatively smaller radii of curvature have smaller magnitudes of width change compared to broader bends with larger radii of curvature.