Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic evaluation of Escherichia coli isolated from cases of bacillus diarrhea

Escherichia coli )E. coli) is the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, although most of the strains are known not to be pathogenic. Pathogenic strains of E. coli can cause a wide variety of diseases, including urinary tract infection, intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases, as well as problems in the respiratory system. In fact, 80-90 % of urinary tract infections are attributed to E. coli bacteria along with different phylogenetic groups of these bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine phylogenetic groups of E. coli isolates from fecal samples of calves affected with Bacillus in the Moghan region, northwest of Iran. Samples were taken from 60 calves (1 to 30 days old) with common basil diarrhea in a dairy farm located in the Moghan region in the northwest of Iran in 2017. Samples were cultured in E. coli culture media. Among isolated bacteria, 50 samples (83.33%) were positive for E. coli bacteria. Then the samples were coded and prepared for PCR. The phylogenetic background of the isolates was determined according to the presence of the chuA, yjaA, and TspE4.C2 markers in E. coli bacteria. The results showed that among 50 isolates, 31 were B2 group (62%), 8 were D group (16%), 3 were B1 group (6%), 1 was A group (2%), and remaining cases were 7 (14%). Obtained results clearly demonstrated that the most frequent phylogenetic group of E. coli was B2, whereas group A was the least one in the Moghan region.
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF DENGUE INFECTION AT TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

Background: Dengue viral infections were classified among dengue fever, undifferentiated fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The exact clinical picture is varying from subject to subject which depends on serotype of dengue virus, immunity status and sub type of dengue fever. The complete clinical profile should be evaluated before the treatment protocol to save the patient’s life. Material & Methods: The present cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted at department of radiology of our tertiary care hospital. The study duration was of two years from January 2017 to December 2019. A sample size of 100 was calculated at 95% confidence interval at 10% acceptable margin of error by epi info software version 7.2. Results: The spectrum of findings in our study included gall bladder wall thickening, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, pleural effusion and ascites. Out of 100 patients, 42% had gall bladder wall thickening, 34% had hepatomegaly, 22% had splenomegaly and 44% patients had normal ultrasound studies. Out of the total patients 8% had bilateral pleural effusion, 14% had right sided pleural effusion. There were no cases of isolated left pleural effusion. Out of the total patients 10% patients had ascites. Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that gall bladder wall thickening was seen among majority of patients who had platelet count less than one lakh. The commonest finding in our study was gall bladder wall thickening which was followed by hepatomegaly and splenomegaly.
Occupational Mobility of Routine Workers

IZA DP No. 14190 MARCH 2021 Occupational Mobility of Routine Workers* This paper analyzes whether occupational polarization takes place within workers or due to changes in the composition of workers by using comprehensive panel data from Finland. The decomposition analysis shows that the decrease in mid-level routine occupations and the simultaneous increase in high-level abstract occupations is largely a within-worker phenomenon. In contrast, the share of low-skilled nonroutine manual tasks has largely increased through entry dynamics. Data on plant closures are used to identify involuntary separations from routine occupations. These results demonstrate a strong, uneven adjustment pattern, with routine cognitive workers being more able to move to abstract tasks and adjust with smaller wage costs than routine manual workers. JEL Classification: J23, J62
Standard eﬄuent potassium concentration as a predictive factor for postreperfusion signiﬁcant arrhythmias in deceased liver transplantation

Objectives: Postreperfusion significant arrhythmias (PRSA), which is known as part of the diagnostic criteria for postreperfusion syndrome, may serve as a precursor of postreperfusion cardiac arrest (PRCA). Considering the possible relationship between the use of liver grafts with high effluent potassium (eK+) concentrations and PRCA, we aimed to investigate the role of eK+ in PRSA development in deceased liver transplantation (LT). Methods: Using the prospectively collected data from a prior observational study, a retrospective study of 91 adult LT recipients with eK+ measurements between November 2016 and December 2018 was conducted to determine the incidence, predictors, and outcomes of PRSA. Results: PRSA occurred in 46 cases (50.5%), and PRCA occurred in 8 patients (8.8%). Multivariable analysis demonstrated elevated eK+ concentration before reperfusion (odds ratio [OR], 1.425; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.134–1.790; P = 0.002), and higher serum potassium level at one minute following reperfusion (sK+1) (OR, 3.244; 95% CI 1.668–6.380; P = 0.001) as independent risk factors for PRSA. An eK+ ≥6.9 mmoL/L could predict PRSA with a sensitivity of 71.7% and a specificity of 80.0% (area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve [AUROC], 0.828). In comparison, an sK+1 ≥5.5 mmoL/L could predict PRSA with a sensitivity of 87.0% and a specificity of 64.4% (AUROC, 0.810). PRSA was associated with increased risks of PRCA, postreperfusion vasoplegia, and postoperative early allograft dysfunction. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that eK+ has the potential to predict PRSA in deceased LT. These findings need confirmation in further studies.
Sectoral Productivity Matters: A New Angle on Equity Home Bias

This paper theoretically and empirically examines how industrial structure impacts equity home bias at both the industry and country level. I build a two-country two-sector model to examine how the differences in sectoral productivity affect a country’s risk exposure and hence influence its investors’ portfolio choice. First, the model contends that investors show stronger home bias in unproductive sectors than in productive sectors where they face more risks. Using a unique dataset on equity holdings, I calculate the industry level home bias of 26 sectors in 43 countries and empirically confirm the model’s prediction. A second model prediction is that investors avoid highly-specialized countries as a consequence of their riskhedging motives. I confirm the prediction in the data by finding that national home bias is negatively correlated with a country’s degree of industrial specialization. Third, the model uncovers the relationship between investors’ sectoral preference and country bias which sheds light on the interaction between intra-national risk hedging across sectors and inter-national risk hedging across countries.
Transitory Income Changes and Consumption Smoothing: Evidence from Mexico

IZA DP No. 14452 JUNE 2021 Transitory Income Changes and Consumption Smoothing: Evidence from Mexico We study how 3,534 beneficiaries of PROSPERA, Mexico’s cash transfer program, smooth food consumption around the transfer payday, an anticipated and transitory income shock. We find that food consumption and food security do not change around the transfer payday, including for recipients with impatient or time-inconsistent preferences and households with higher than median transfer dependence. Conversely, health and employment shocks (unexpected and less transitory income changes) reduce food security. The transfer’s relative illiquidity may act as a commitment device, helping time-inconsistent and less experienced debit card holders smooth consumption. JEL Classification: D12, D91, E21, I12, I38
Trying to make a good first impression: A natural field experiment to engage new entrants to the tax system

Es ist nur sehr wenig uber das Steuerzahlungsverhalten erstmaliger Steuerzahler bekannt, obwohl die Zahlungsgewohnheiten dieser Gruppe das langfristige Funktionieren eines Steuersystems beeinflussen kann. Dieses Papier untersucht die Einhaltung von Steuervorschriften unter Verwendung von Daten eines gros angelegten naturlichen Feldexperiments, welches in Zusammenarbeit mit der australischen Steuerbehorde durchgefuhrt wurde. Wir untersuchen die Effektivitat eines Willkommensbriefes der Steuerbehorde, der darauf abzielt, erstmalige Steuerzahler dazu zu bewegen, ihre erste Einkommenssteuererklarung abzugeben. Wir vergleichen diesen Brief mit einem Standardbrief, der auf die Moglichkeit von Strafzahlungen und Zinsbelastungen hinweist. Wir stellen fest, dass beide Schreiben uberraschend ahnliche Auswirkungen auf die Einhaltung der Steuerpflicht haben, was darauf hindeutet, dass der Hauptkanal, uber den die Briefe das individuelle Verhalten beeinflussen, in der Bereitstellung von Informationen besteht. Im Gegensatz dazu scheinen die Art der Mitteilung und der Prasentationsstil von Informationen relativ unbedeutend zu sein. Unsere Analyse heterogener Effekte zeigt, dass beide Briefe am effektivsten fur junge Steuerzahler sind und innerhalb dieser Gruppe effektiver fur australische Staatsburger als fur Inhaber eines Visums.
Varietal Response to Sour Bunch Rot in Polish Grapevine Genetic Resources

The aim of this study was to assess the resistance to sour rot of twenty-eight valuable cultivars of grapevine for wine production and twenty-five cultivars of table grapevine with diverse geographic and genetic origins, and to explain the causes of varied resistance based on the features related to the morphology, biology and ecology of assessed genotypes. The study was conducted for six years in the grapevine field collection of the National Institute of Horticultural Research in Skierniewice (Poland, latitude 51.9627 N, longitude 20.1666 E). Sour rot was severe in three seasons with abundant rainfall during the berry ripening stage. The number of wine and table cultivars in particular classes of resistance (mean value for three years) was as follows: very little or little—9 (wine) and 9 (table), medium—9 (wine) and 3 (table), high or very high—10 (wine) and 13 (table). The severity of bunch sour rot was positively correlated with single berry weight (moderate or weak correlation), bunch density and single bunch weight (very weak or weak correlation), and negatively correlated with thickness of berry skin (strong correlation) and the time of the beginning of veraison (weak correlation). Cultivars that were characterized by such agrobiological and ecological features as easy detachment of the berry from the pedicel, sensitivity to berry skin cracking, frequent damage to the skin by insects, and sensitivity to sunburn, were more heavily exposed to sour rot.
An Empirical Analysis of the Progress in Wireless Communication Generations

The controversy and argument on the usefulness of the physical layer (PHY) academic research for wireless communications are long-standing since the cellular communication paradigm gets to its maturity. In particular, researchers suspect that the performance improvement in cellular communications is primarily attributable to the increases in telecommunication infrastructure and radio spectrum instead of the PHY academic research, whereas concrete evidence is lacking. To respond to this controversy from an objective perspective, we employ econometric approaches to quantify the contributions of the PHY academic research and other performance determinants. Through empirical analysis and the quantitative evidence obtained, albeit preliminary, we shed light on the following issues: 1) what determines the cross-national differences in cellular network performance; 2) to what extent the PHY academic research and other factors affect cellular network performance; 3) what suggestions we can obtain from the data analysis for the stakeholders of the PHY research.
A Holistic Evaluation of Vehicle Driver Stress Detection via Multi-View Learning

The rise of advanced and connected vehicle technologies such as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is rapidly improving the safety and reliability of intelligent vehicles. Despite this, certain driving conditions may increase physiological responses in human drivers and passengers resulting in unintended, and sometimes fatal, consequences. In this paper, we address the challenge of detecting elevated levels of stress in individuals using a variety of biometric signals. Towards this end, we provide a holistic evaluation of supervised and unsupervised algorithms via a multi-view learning approach to better support driver-vehicle interactions. To supplement this, we also benchmark latency of these systems. We evaluate on a popular database containing real-world biometric signals.
Predictive Model of Severity in SARS CoV-2 Patients at Hospital Admission Using Blood-Related Parameters

Introduction Blood test alterations are crucial in SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients. Blood parameters, such as lymphocytes, C reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, or D-dimer, are associated with severity and prognosis of SARS CoV-2 patients. This study aims to identify blood-related predictors of severe hospitalization in patients diagnosed with SARS CoV-2. Methods Observational retrospective study of all rt-PCR and blood-test positive (at 48 hours of hospitalization) SARS CoV-2 diagnosed inpatients between March-May 2020. Deceased and/or ICU inpatients were considered as severe cases, whereas those patients after hospital discharge were considered as non-severe. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of severity, based on bivariate contrast between severe and mild inpatients. Results The overall sample comprised 540 patients, with 374 mild cases (69.26%), and 166 severe cases (30.75%). The multivariate logistic regression model for predicting SARS CoV-2 severity included lymphocytes, C reactive protein (CRP), creatinine, total protein levels, glucose and aspartate aminotransferase as predictors, showing an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.895 at a threshold of 0.29, with 81.5% of sensitivity and 81% of specificity. Discussion Our results suggest that our predictive model allows identifying and stratifying SARS CoV-2 patients in risk of developing severe medical complications based on blood-test parameters easily measured at hospital admission, improving health-care resources management and distribution.
Scaling Gas Turbine Film Cooling Adiabatic Effectiveness through Simultaneous Matching of Momentum Flux Ratio and Advective Capacity Ratio

Gas turbine engine performance improvement requires extracting the most usable work from the hot section turbine, immediately aft of ever higher temperature combustion products that impinge on turbine blade and vane surfaces. To prevent heat damage to turbine components, film cooling is employed, which protects the turbine surface with small jets of cooler gas routed from the upstream compressor. Film cooling effectiveness can be characterized by adiabatic effectiveness, η, which is the adiabatic wall temperature nondimensionalized by the freestream and coolant temperatures. To address the extreme difficulty and great expense of testing gas turbines at operating temperatures and pressures, low temperature tests are conducted at ambient pressure on scale models to analyze the effects of gas flow parameters on scaling adiabatic effectiveness at easily repeatable conditions. The ability of any one or subset of coolant flow rate parameters to accurately scale adiabatic effectiveness from low to high temperature conditions is a continued source of debate. Previous work showed the ability to scale adiabatic effectiveness on a flat plate model with a zero compound angle 7-7-7 coolant hole below a Momentum Flux Ratio (I) of 0.7 by using Advective Capacity Ratio (ACR) when freestream Reynolds number was matched. Adiabatic effectiveness shape and location was shown to be predictable on a leading edge model with a 90 degree compound injection angle cylindrical coolant hole with Momentum Flux Ratio. To explore if adiabatic effectiveness could be scaled over Momentum Flux Ratio values greater than 0.7 with the flat plate geometry, and across coolant plume locations predicted by Momentum Flux Ratio on the leading edge geometry, Momentum Flux Ratio and Advective Capacity Ratio were each matched at the same value across experiments with air and carbon
Pre-emptive oral gabapentin and effects on post-operative pain relief after day case gynaecological procedures

Introduction: Pre-emptive administration of oral gabapentin may cause a reduction in dose and side effects of analgesic agents needed to achieve adequate postoperative pain relief. This study was therefore aimed at determining if preemptive oral gabapentin can attenuate post-operative pain following day case gynaecological surgeries performed under general anaesthesia. Methods: Fifty-six ASA I or II patients scheduled for day case gynaecological operations were recruited into this prospective, double-blinded study after obtaining informed consent from them. They were randomly allocated into two groups (GG and PG) of 28 patients each, to receive either 300mg of oral Gabapentin (GG) or Placebo capsules (PG) 2 hours before surgery. The outcome assessed included time to first request for postoperative analgesia, pain intensity, analgesic consumption in the postoperative period before discharge as well as possible side effects. Results: The time for first analgesic request was significantly prolonged in the Gabapentin group compared to the Placebo group. (p= 0.007). The mean VAS score was significantly lower in the GG than in the PG. (p= 0.001). The mean total dose of analgesic consumed during the study was significantly lower in the GG than in the PG, (p= 0.004). All patients in both groups were discharged between 8 and 10 hours after surgery. The proportions of patients that experienced nausea, vomiting and dizziness were similar in both groups. Conclusion: Gabapentin 300 mg given orally 2 hours prior to surgery decreased postoperative analgesic requirements and prolonged the time to first rescue analgesic request with minimal side effects.
Engagement in PC-based, smartphone-based, and paper-based materials: Learning vocabulary through Chinese Stories

Various studies have discussed learners’ attitudes and achievement in CALL and MALL (Kiernan & Aizawa, 2004; Lu, 2008; Huang & Lin, 2011, but there has been little research into a combination of these with paper-based materials to date in terms of their attitudes and the factors leading to decisions about which to use. Research has suggested that learners show generally positive attitudes towards using technology for learning, but this is not necessarily reflected in actual usage (e.g., Stockwell, 2010), and there have been few studies that have looked at all three of these methods within a single study. Thus, this study investigated 70 Japanese learners of Chinese to examine their task engagement and attitudes toward PC-based, smartphone-based, and paper-based materials designed to supplement their learning outside the classroom, as well as to identify the potential reasons behind their choice of method. All of the materials were largely the same, but the materials on the website and mobile application included several interactive activities that were not possible to replicate with the paperbased materials. The study was carried out over an eight-week period in three classes, and the learners could choose which materials to use at any point throughout the period. Data collection included weekly, preand postsurveys, along with interviews to determine how they framed the activities as a supplement of their courses. The results revealed that learners made informed decisions about what materials they used, with which technological difficulties, learning strategies and conditions had varying effects on engagement and attitude.
Culture and Gender Differences in Willingness to Compete

We investigate how culture affects gender differences in willingness to compete (WTC) in a large pre-registered experiment using an epidemiological approach. Our sample of 1,943 Norwegians with parents born in 59 different countries, show a smaller gender gap in WTC among individuals of more gender-equal ancestries. The difference is driven by women with parents from more gender-equal countries wanting to compete more and men with the same ancestry wanting to compete less. The results are robust to controlling for a large set of factors at the individual, parental, and ancestral country levels, indicating that gendered culture shapes competitive preferences.
Max-Effect in the Indonesian Market

Research Question: Following the well-documented MAX-effect anomaly in different markets, we inquire whether the MAX-effect occurs in the Indonesian market. Motivation: The MAX-effect is the following month negative return when investors long the highest decile portfolio and short the lowest decile portfolio. The decile portfolios are sorted and created based on the stocks highest previous month daily return (Alkan and Guner, 2018; Bali, et al., 2011; Seif et al., 2018). The anomaly has been documented in different countries and regions, such as Australia (Zhong and Gray, 2016), Turkey (Alkan and Guner, 2018), and European countries (Walkshäusl, 2014). We conduct this study because the Indonesian market has different features from other markets, namely the relatively low proportion of the retail investors in comparison to the whole population and the limit to short-sell stocks. Idea: Based on the extant literature, if the MAX-effect is robust, we deduce that the MAX-effect will exist in the Indonesian market. Data: We create ten portfolios sorted on the maximum previous month's daily return (MAX) using the Indonesian market data from July 2013 till June 2018. Method/Tools: Our study utilizes descriptive statistics, Fama French Three-Factor Model, and Fama-Macbeth regressions. Findings: Our portfolio analysis suggests that a combination of long (short) position in high (low) MAX decile stocks will generate a raw return and a risk-adjusted (Fama-French Three-Factor) return of -1.6% per month. Also, our stock level analysis shows that MAX and market capitalization (SIZE) are negatively associated with the subsequent monthly stock return. In contrast, stock market beta (BETA) and book-to-market ratio (BM) do not significantly influence the subsequent monthly return. Contributions: Although the Indonesian market has different features, our study corroborates the existence of MAX-effects in different markets. We also find that the previous month MAX positively affects the current month MAX, indicating some investors' preference for lottery-type stocks.