Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MINIATURE IN EVERYTHING BUT MEANING: A CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF MINIATURE VESSELS AT HOMOL'OVI I

The most common explanations for the appearance of miniatures in the archaeological record are drawn from practice theory. Two alternatives stem from learning theories, while a third is based in ritual practice and performance. First, miniatures may represent early attempts at craft production by children or novice adults. Second, they could serve as children's toys used for enculturation purposes. Third, miniatures may be produced for use in rituals or as offerings. These explanations are not mutually exclusive; all may be part of the life history of a single artifact. Previous archaeological and ethnographic work on miniature ceramic vessels in the Southwest has variously supported all three prominent explanations. In this article, we examine the miniature vessel assemblage from Homol'ovi I, a prehispanic pueblo in northern Arizona, through a synthetic analysis of craft mastery, use, and deposition. While various life history trajectories are indicated, the miniature vessels at this ancestral Hopi village appear in similar depositional contexts. Specifically, these objects serve as important components in the preparation or closure practices of ritual spaces throughout the pueblo. Las explicaciones más comunes para la presencia de miniaturas en el registro arqueológico se originan en la teoría de la práctica. Dos alternativas vienen de las teorías del aprendizaje, mientras la tercera se basa en la práctica ritual y la performance. En primer lugar, las miniaturas podrían representar intentos tempranos de la producción artesanal por niños o por novatos adultos. En segundo lugar, ellas podrían funcionar como juguetes de niños usados en prácticas enculturativas. En tercer lugar, las miniaturas podrían haber sido hecho para el uso ritual o como ofrendas. Estas explicaciones no son mutuamente excluyentes; todos podrían formar parte de la biografía de un solo artefacto. Estudios arqueológicos y etnográficos en las vasijas cerámicas miniaturas del suroeste de los estados unidos han apoyado las tres diferentes explicaciones prominentes. En este trabajo, nosotras examinamos la colección de vasijas miniaturas de Homol'ovi I, un pueblo prehispánico (de los ancestros de los hopis) en el norte de Arizona, a través de un análisis sintético de la maestría artesanal, el uso, y la deposición. Mientras se indican varias trayectorias biográficas, todas las vasijas miniaturas en este pueblo fueron depositados en contextos similares. Específicamente, estos objetos funcionan como componentes importantes en la preparación o la clausura de los espacios rituales a través del pueblo.
Ecological quality of the Alibori River, northern Benin, using macroinvertebrate indicators

The Alibori River, which flows through Benin’s cotton crop regions, receives surface water from much of the cultivated land that is situated along its banks. Chemical pollution in surface runoff from this land use threatens the ecological quality of the river. This study aimed to characterise the ecological status of the Alibori River under such agricultural pressures using biological indices and macroinvertebrate metrics. Water and macroinvertebrate samples were taken monthly from fifteen sites along the river between June 2015 and May 2016. The measured physico-chemical parameters and biological indices were subjected to descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations and partial least squares regression (PLSR). Taxonomic richness decreased from the upstream to the downstream reaches of the river. Sampling sites with high mineral content and organic load were home to more pollution-tolerant taxa, such as Chironomidae and Oligochaeta, with a high abundance of Thiaridae. Diversity indices reveal an unbalanced community and macroinvertebrate distribution characterised by the development of opportunistic taxa such as the gastropod Melanoides tuberculata. Decreases in taxonomic composition and community organisation between the upstream and downstream reaches of the river appear to be linked to less stable environmental conditions at the downstream sampling sites, and were compounded with a gradual increase in stress for organisms from the upper to lower reaches of the river. The composition, distribution and diversity characteristics of taxa collected is an indication that the ecological status of the Alibori River is under pressure, as a result of the agricultural activities along its banks.
Knowledge Regarding Intravenous Cannulation among Nursing Students at the School of Health Sciences of Purbanchal University, Gothgaun, Morang, Nepal

Background: Health care professionals, especially nurses who frequently use an IV cannula in the hospital setting, must have good knowledge, be well trained, and have experience in the insertion of this device. Improper use of this vascular access device can lead to many complications, such as extravasation, infiltration, inflammation, obstruction, phlebitis, infection, sepsis, and thrombophlebitis. Objective: To assess the knowledge of intravenous cannulation and the association between knowledge levels and selected sociodemographic variables among BSc. Nursing students at the School of Health Sciences of Purbanchal University. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed. A total of 95 students were enrolled in this study, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The χ2 statistic was used to find the association between knowledge levels and the selected demographic variables. Results: Of the 95 nursing students, none obtained 100% knowledge scores. More than half of the students (55.8%) had adequate knowledge, and 44.2% had inadequate knowledge about intravenous cannulation. A statistically significant relationship was observed between knowledge level and the academic year of the students (P = 0.011). Conclusion: More than half of the nursing students had adequate knowledge about intravenous cannulation, while 44.2% of the students had inadequate knowledge that needed to be improved. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the knowledge level and academic year of the students, indicating that educational level significantly affected their knowledge. Key words: Intravenous cannula, Knowledge, Nursing students.
Factors affecting teachers’ transfer of ICT training: Considering usefulness and satisfaction in a PLS-SEM transfer training model

The success of the teachers’ trainers’ transfer of training can be affected by several factors like teaching self-efficacy, motivation to learn and transfer, and intention to transfer the gained skills and knowledge. This study seeks to analyze the structural relationships among the above-mentioned constructs by integrating the constructs of perceived usefulness and satisfaction of the ICT training programme. The analysis is conducted on quantitative data collected from 117 teacher educators participating in a national programme on “Teachers training on the use and application of digital technologies in the teaching practice” in Greece. Results of the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) revealed that perceived usefulness and satisfaction of the training programme had a significant positive effect on the teachers’ self-efficacy and intention to transfer the gained ICT training knowledge and skills. Also, pre-training and post-training self-efficacy exerted a direct influence on the teachers’ intention to transfer, motivation to transfer, and motivation to learn. The potential contribution and practical implications in the field of adult education and teachers’ continuing professional development are discussed in the paper.
How to Prevent Traffic Accidents: Moral Hazard, Inattention, and Behavioral Data

Risk mitigation is an essential aspect of risk management, but it has largely evaded attention by auto insurers that optimize selective risk-sharing and claim mitigation instead. We use novel sensor data to study drivers’ risky phone use behavior and how behavior-based insurance contract can prevent accidents. We ﬁrst measure moral hazard. We ﬁnd handheld phone use (“HPU”) to be risky but insensitive to both insurance changes and weather shocks that increase its riskiness. However, an experiment with a one-time text-message warning led to a persistent 15% HPU reduction. Drivers’ inattention to risk thus limits moral hazard while inducing ineﬃciently high HPU. Based on this ﬁnding, we develop a structural model to distinguish nudging eﬀect, risk aversion, and the price elasticity of HPU. This facilitates counterfactual simulations of optimal contracts with full insurance and a direct price on HPU (Holmstr¨om 1979). The “ﬁrst-best” can be achieved with a 40-cent average charge per mile of HPU. A 62-cent charge can resolve additional externalities on traﬃc congestion and injuries.
The influence of servant leadership on job performance through innovative work behavior: does public service motivation matter?

ABSTRACT This study empirically investigates the effects of servant leadership on job performance and notes the mediating role of innovative work behaviour and the moderating role of public service motivation. The research framework was tested using a survey of 361 civil servants working in local governments in Vietnam. The findings indicated significant positive effects of servant leadership on job performance. This relationship was partially mediated by innovative work behaviour. In addition, the study found that public service motivation positively affected innovative work behaviour and strengthened its association with servant leadership. The managerial implication is that public managers should promote civil servants’ public service motivation and adopt servant leadership. Suggestions for future research are also presented.
Do Students With Specific Learning Disorders With Impairments in Reading Benefit From Linguistic Simplification of Test Items in Science?

Previous research illustrated that reading comprehension and science performance correlate highly. Because students with specific learning disorders with impairments in reading (SLD-IR) show deficits in reading comprehension, they may struggle to perform in science. As language in science is characterized by linguistic complexity, the question arises whether students with SLD-IR can be supported by reducing linguistic complexity. The aim of this preregistered study was to investigate whether students with SLD-IR benefit more from linguistic simplification in science than their peers without SLD-IR. The sample consisted of 70 students (age, M = 12.67; 50% female) with n = 35 having SLD-IR. Applying a multilevel logistic regression model, we found neither a main effect of linguistic simplification nor an interaction effect (differential boost) on science performance. However, students with SLD-IR performed significantly lower in science. Implications include further investigation on how to support students with SLD-IR in their science performance.
Choosing YouTube Videos for Self-Directed Learning

YouTube provides a vital source for self-directed learning. YouTube’s search engine, however, ranks videos according to popularity, relevancy, and view history rather than quality. The effect of this ranking on learners’ behavior and experience is not clear: Do learners tend to choose from the top of the returned search list? Does the choosing behavior affect their learning? Is the type of sought knowledge relevant in this process? To answer these questions, we conducted two experiments with sophomore-level students in electrical and computer engineering programs. The students were asked to learn about two new topics by watching YouTube videos of their choice. The first topic conveys procedural knowledge about using the Quine McCluskey algorithm for minimizing logical functions. The second topic relates to the concept of the set-reset latch. In each learning session, the students had to report their watching behavior and experience by responding to an online questionnaire as well as to solve a problem related to the respective topic. The results show a clear tendency to choose from the top of the returned list. However, students’ performance in problem-solving was found to be uncorrelated with the choosing behavior. These results were similar for procedural and conceptual learning although the students’ performance in solving the conceptual problem was significantly lower. These findings indicate that university students who seek YouTube for self-directed learning can freely choose from the top of the returned search list without concern. There is no evident harm in doing so. However, students need to be thoughtful when using YouTube for conceptual learning. They should use different strategies such as watching multiple videos, selecting videos with higher viewer ratings, or watching videos with related procedural knowledge to support the learning of new concepts.
Sleep and Digital Altruism: Are Good Sleepers, Good Doers?

The present study examines how sleep quantity and sleep quality are associated with online behavior, specifically acts of digital altruism. A total of 228 adult (mean age 40 years) participants residing in the United States, recruited through Facebook and Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), completed an online survey assessing sleep quality and quantity, digital altruism, internet use, happiness, and personality. Correlation results show that sleep quantity was associated with performing digital altruism. Mediation analyses revealed that this direct association was fully mediated by happiness. Although sleep quality was not directly associated with performing digital altruism, it was indirectly associated with happiness. These results suggest that both more sleep and better sleep are associated with greater happiness, which in turn, is associated with performing more acts of digital altruism. Regression results further revealed that the direct association between sleep quantity and performing digital altruism was curvilinear, such that the association reverses with very high amounts of sleep. Results of this study extend previous findings that sleep quantity is associated with performing traditional altruism to online behavior. This study further highlights the importance of receiving sufficient sleep due to its association with increased happiness and more frequent acts of performing digital altruism, while simultaneously underscoring the need for future research regarding risks associated with excessive sleep.
Generation of Magmatism Under Active Continental Margins: A Thermodynamic Study of Subduction and Translithospheric Diapirs

A recent model of continental arc magmatism states that subducted sediments mix physically with the oceanic slab basalts in the subduction channel and produce diapirs that ascend through the mantle wedge, undergo melting and relaminate to the base of the continental crust. From here, melt or magma batches ascend through the crust, producing the Cordilleran batholiths and associated volcanism ranging in composition from 0 to 25 wt % maficity (FeO t + MgO) and 44 – 79 wt% SiO 2 , with a gap around 11.5 wt% maficity and 57 – 60 wt% SiO 2 . This model has been predicted by thermomechanical numerical studies and later supported by phase equilibrium experiments; however, thermodynamic modelling to verify whether the composition of the Cordilleran batholiths is reproduced by this model has not yet been carried out to complement the experimental approach. In this article, the evolution of the m ´ elange along the subduction path and during the ascent of the diapirs is investigated, with focus on the conditions of generation of the diapirs, the composition and proportion of melt at the P-T conditions of relamination of the diapirs, the relationship between the basalt:sediment proportion (the composition) of the diapir to this melt composition and proportion and whether the composition of the melts match the Cordilleran batholiths. The key point to test is the process or processes that produce the compositional variability observed in these granitoids. Our findings indicate that (1) parental melts and/or magmas range in maficity from ~1 to ~11.5 wt%, with the compositional gap of the Cordilleran trend representing the most mafic composition possible of the parent, (2) the diapirs are restricted to having 50 – 60% of sediment component: diapirs with lower sediment contents may be too dense to detach from the slab and m ´ elanges with higher sediment contents may be too less dense to be subducted to the depth of formation of diapirs, (3) melts at 1100 ◦ C and 1.5 GPa from these diapirs have the bulk granodioritic composition of the batholiths, (4) restite unmixing occurs when magma batches segregate from the relaminated diapirs, (5) the lower the temperature of the region of the diapir from which the batch segregates, the higher the restite content, (6) the temperature, by controlling the restite content, is the ultimate factor controlling the compositional trends of Cordilleran batholiths, and (7) fractional crystallization or cotectic evolution is still needed to account for the full compositional range of these batholiths, from the parental 1 – 11.5 wt% to the observed 0 – 25 wt% in maficity.
Geochemical Reconstruction of the Provenance, Tectonic Setting and Paleoweathering of Lower Paleozoic Black Shales from Northern Europe

Lower Paleozoic black shales from Estonia, Sweden, and Russia were analyzed for major and trace elements to reconstruct the provenance, tectonic setting, and paleoweathering conditions of these shales. The black shale is highly enriched in U, V, Mo, and Pb (except in samples from Sweden where Pb is slightly enriched), slightly enriched in SiO2, Fe2O3, K2O, and TiO2 and highly depleted in CaO, Na2O, and MnO, with respect to average shales. The provenance signatures (Th/Sc versus Zr/Sc, Al2O3 versus TiO2, Zr versus TiO2 plots, and Zr/Sc ratio) of the Baltoscandian black shales suggest that they were derived from rocks of intermediate to felsic composition and from recycled sediments. The likely provenance region was the Paleoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic basement of southern central and southern Finland, which consists predominantly of felsic to intermediate metamorphic (acidic to intermediate gneisses, felsic volcanics, microcline granites and migmatites) and igneous rocks (small granitic intrusions and large rapakivi granite intrusions), and reworked older Ediacaran and Lower Cambrian sediments; however, the proportion of clastic input from these sources is not uniform in the three regions studied. The discrimination of the tectonic settings of source materials of the black shale using the SiO2 versus K2O/Na2O plot and a new discriminant method (APMdisc) favors a passive margin setting. The Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW) indicates that the clastic material in the black shale of the studied regions has experienced an intense degree of chemical weathering. Weathering indices (Chemical Index of Alteration CIA and CIW) also show that the black shale has experienced significant secondary potassium enrichment.
Corporate hedging, family firms, and CEO identity

We study the propensity to hedge of closely-held family-managed firms. Family involvement in CEO positions positively affects the likelihood of hedging. The effect is stronger when the CEO belongs to the founding family, especially for long-tenured and founder CEOs. This evidence is consistent with the higher conservatism of family agents, aimed at protecting socioemotional wealth and avoiding loss of reputation and control. Information asymmetry and, more mildly, underdiversification increase the propensity to hedge. Corporate governance attributes proxying agency issues are not significant.
Differences of laryngeal closure during the swallow between stroke and head and neck cancer survivors

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the difference of two laryngeal closure transition measures: initiation of laryngeal closure (ILC) and laryngeal closure duration (LCD) among stroke survivors, head and neck cancer survivors, and healthy age-matched controls.Methods: ILC and LCD were determined by analyzing two 5ml thin liquid swallows exhibited by each of the 15 stroke survivors, 15 head and neck cancer survivors, and 15 healthy controls from the videofluoroscopic swallowing examinations (VFSEs). Statistical analyses were made using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the three groups as independent variables with the statistical level set at p<0.05. Results: ILC was longer in stroke survivors compared to head and neck survivors and healthy controls; however, these results were only significant compared to controls. Head and neck cancer survivors exhibited significantly longer LCD when compared to healthy controls, but not to stroke survivors.Conclusions: Differential diagnosis based on swallowing pathophysiology is critical to manage and treat dysphagia in these populations.
Crataegus oxyacantha Extract as a Biostimulant to Enhance Tolerance to Salinity in Tomato Plants

Salinity is a severe abiotic problem that has harmful impacts on agriculture. Recently, biostimulants were defined as bioprotectant materials that promote plant growth and improve productivity under various stress conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of Crataegus oxyacantha extract as a biostimulant on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) grown under salt stress. Concentrations of 20 mg/L, 30 mg/L, and 70 mg/L of C. oxyacantha extract were applied to tomato plants that were grown under salt stress. The results indicated that plants that were treated with C. oxyacantha extract had a higher ability to tolerate salt stress, as demonstrated by a significant (p < 0.05) increase in plant growth and photosynthetic pigment contents, in addition to a significant increase in tomato soluble sugars and amino acids compared to the control plants. In the stressed tomato plants, malondialdehyde increased and then decreased significantly with the different concentrations of C. oxyacantha extract. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR) in the stressed plants, especially after treatment with 70 mg/L of the extract. Overall, our results suggest that C. oxyacantha extract could be a promising biostimulant for treating tomato plants under salinity stress.
Application of DNA Barcoding for Monitoring Madagascar Fish Biodiversity in Coastal Areas

Madagascar is a marine biodiversity hotspot. A recent checklist recorded 1689 marine or transitional water fish species, 2.5% being endemic. To date, studies in this country were mostly focused on adult fishes using morphological-based identification. The early life stages of fishes remain largely understudied. The present work aimed to improve knowledge of fish biodiversity in Madagascar by focusing on post-larval reef fishes and settled juveniles in seagrass meadows of southwest Madagascar by using either species identification keys or DNA barcoding. Up to 119,500 individuals were collected, and 1096 individuals were successfully barcoded. We identified 387 species—85 through their morphology (with 58 unsuccessfully sequenced) and 302 by using CO1 barcoding corresponding to 302 barcode index numbers (BINs). This study added 27 new BINs for the BOLD database, 120 new for Madagascar, but only 159 were assigned a precise species name. By referring to the updated checklist of Madagascar fishes, 10 new species were detected for Madagascar. This number will probably increase when all the barcoded specimens become assigned to precise species names. These preliminary findings stress our poor knowledge of marine fish biodiversity in Madagascar and demonstrate the relevance of DNA barcoding in improving this knowledge.