Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF ENDOMETRIAL BIOPSIES IN WOMEN WITH COMPLAINT OF ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING AT GMERSMC & HOSPITAL, VALSAD

Background: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding is one of the commonest presentations of patients in Genecology OPD (Outdoor patient department). Patients presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding might have a range of pathological conditions, ranging from endocrinological conditions to uterine pathologies; including uterine polyps, hyperplasia, to carcinoma. Thus, it is pertinent to convince such patients for undergoing Endometrial Biopsy, before opting for Hysterectomy. Counselling of patients and relatives is of great significance, so as to diagnose pathologies in their earlier stages. Material & Methods: The prospective study was conducted in 100 Gynecological patients, who attended OPD during period of January 2016 to December 2016, with complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding. Demographic details of the patients were taken. General examination and systemic examination were done. Endometrial biopsy was taken after taking consent. All the biopsy specimens were evaluated on microscopy and an appropriate histopathological diagnosis was made. Results: Out of 100 cases studied 30% were found out to be having secretary endometrium, 24% proliferative endometrium, 8%simple hyperplasia without atypia, 10% complex hyperplasia without atypia, 3% endometrial hyperplasia with atypia, 8% endometrial polyp, 14% chronic nonspecific endometritis, 1% tuberculous endometritis, 1% endometrial carcinoma and 1% squamous cell carcinoma of cervix. Conclusion: Endometrial biopsy is an OPD procedure, takes few minutes, with minimal discomfort to the patient; but at the same time, has a significant role in diagnosing uterine pathologies, so as to make it possible for the treating gynecologist to have earlier intervention, even in cases of carcinoma; thus, benefitting patients by reducing morbidity to the great extent.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology

This investigation was conducted in a private organic farm in Wadi El-Malak district, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate some biocontrol agents i.e. Trichoderma album, T. harzianum, T. viride , biocides i.e. Blight stop (T. harzianum), Bio Zeid (T. album) and natural compound i.e. humic acid and micronic sulfur treatments in the controlling powdery mildew disease of mango cv. Keitt during the two successive seasons in 2021 and 2022. All treatments proved effective in decreasing the Incidence and severity of powdery mildew disease caused by Oidium mangiferae and increased productivity, yield components, quality, chemical components, and enzyme activity of mango cv. Keitt compared to untreated plants. Mango cv. Keitt which was treated with blight stop at the rate of 1: 50 caused the highest decrease in disease incidence, severity (71.01 and 92.10%) and recorded also, the highest increase in yield being 35.5 Kg/tree; fruit quality "total soluble solids (TSS), being 19.50 and 20.46%, total acidity, being 0.71 and 0.73%, ascorbic acid being 54.68 and 54.77 mg/100g FW and total sugar, being 14.60 and 14.70%"; biochemical analysis i.e. total chlorophyll (4.71 mg/100 g FW), total carotenoids (6.77 mg/100 g FW and total protein (3.38%); total phenol content and the enzyme activities of peroxidase (PO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) during both growing seasons, followed by T. harzianum isolate. On the contrary, humic acid showed the least effective treatment. No clear significant differences were noticed between the other treatments in comparison with untreated plants.
The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance

This study employs the real options model to investigate how uncertainty in patent rewards and the chance of success of the R&D investment affect a ﬁrm’s likelihood to renew a patent. The ﬁrm chooses the date on which to undertake an R&D investment project that offers it a chance of developing an innovation, which is immediately patented and commercialized. Thereafter, the ﬁrm must pay periodic renewal fees to keep the patent alive. This paper ﬁnds that greater uncertainty does not lead to a universal effect on the renewal probability. When there is no uncertainty, the ﬁrm will always renew the patent before a certain date but will never renew it after that date. When there is uncertainty, the renewal probability will decline smoothly over time toward the expiration date. This paper also ﬁnds that a ﬁrm that is more likely to be successful in its R&D investment is more likely to renew its patent right. © 2018 Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Health versus Price: The Mediating Role of Attitudes in Organic Food Purchasing Decisions

: Despite the rising global trend in organic food sales, they represent only 5% of the total food sales, a pattern mirrored in Indonesia. While Indonesians recognize the advantages of organic food, its perceived high cost remains a consumption barrier. This study employs the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) to explore determinants affecting consumers' Willingness to pay a premium for organic food, focusing on health concerns and price consciousness and considering the Attitude towards organic food as a mediating variable. Data from 230 Indonesian organic food market respondents was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that health concerns and price consciousness significantly influence consumer attitudes towards organic food. However, only price consciousness directly affects the Willingness to pay more, while health concerns do not. In contrast, positive attitudes towards organic food are essential in linking health concerns and price awareness with Willingness to pay more. These insights can assist industry stakeholders in devising more effective marketing and pricing strategies to increase organic food adoption, grow the industry, support sustainable agriculture, and benefit consumers and the environment.
Radial polarity in the first cranial neuromast of selected teleost fishes

The neuromast is a sensory structure of the lateral line system in aquatic vertebrates, which consists of hair cells and supporting cells. Hair cells are mechanosensory cells, generally arranged with bidirectional polarity. Here, we describe a neuromast with hair cells arranged radially instead of bidirectionally in the first cranial neuromast of four teleost species: red seabream (Pagrus major), spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus), brown sole (Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini), and marbled sole (Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae). In these four species, this polarity was identified only in the first cranial neuromast, where it appeared at the rostral edge of the otic vesicle before hatching. We investigated the initial appearance and fate of this unique neuromast using scanning electron microscopy. We also assessed characteristics of radial neuromast pertaining to morphogenesis, development, and innervation using a vital fluorescent marker and immunohistochemistry in V. variegatus. The kinocilium initially appears at the center of each hair cell, then moves to its outer perimeter to form radial polarity by around 7 days postfertilization. However, hair cells arranged radially disappear about 15 days after hatching. This is followed by the appearance of bidirectionally arranged hair cells, indicating that polarity replacement from radial to bidirectional has occurred. In P. herzensteini, both afferent and efferent synapses between the nerve fibers and hair cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy, suggesting that radial neuromast is functional. Our discovery suggests that neuromasts with radial polarity could enable larval fish to assimilate multiaxial stimuli during this life stage, potentially assisting them in detecting small water vibrations or water pressure changes.
Palaeozoic glacial rocks recently discovered in northern Ethiopia

Summary Tillite and other glacial rocks have been found at the base of a sedimentary sequence in the northern part of Tigre Province, Ethiopia. Their glacial origin cannot be doubted, for in addition to beds of tillite containing abundant striated boulders, glaciated bedrock has been found. The rocks are correlatives either of the Upper Carboniferous glacial rocks of southern Africa or of Ordovician glacial rocks recently mapped in the Hoggar District of southern Algeria.
Intensity of the Earth's Magnetic Field in Geological Time

Thellier's Method was applied to rocks obtained from several volcanic formations in Japan, of which geology has already been studied in detail. Owing to unstable nature of remanent magnetization and other effects in heating experiments, most of the Pliocene rocks did not give any meaningful results. Samples from Pleistocene lavas show more favorable behaviors in experiments. In all, 9 Pleistocene and 4 Pliocene intensity values were obtained. Of these, Pliocene values except for intermediate polarity are nearly the same as and Pleistocene values are much larger than the present magnitude of the geomagnetic field.
Experimental study of acid‐sulfate alteration of basalt and implications for sulfate deposits on Mars

Acid‐sulfate alteration of basalt by SO2‐bearing volcanic vapors has been proposed as one possible origin for sulfate‐rich deposits on Mars. To better define mineralogical signatures of acid‐sulfate alteration, laboratory experiments were performed to investigate alteration pathways and geochemical processes during reaction of basalt with sulfuric acid. Pyroclastic cinders composed of phenocrysts including plagioclase, olivine, and augite embedded in glass were reacted with sulfuric acid at 145 °C for up to 137 days at a range of fluid : rock ratios. During the experiments, the phenocrysts reacted rapidly to form secondary products, while the glass was unreactive. Major products included amorphous silica, anhydrite, and Fe‐rich natroalunite, along with minor iron oxides/oxyhydroxides (probably hematite) and trace levels of other sulfates. At the lowest fluid : rock ratio, hexahydrite and an unidentified Fe‐silicate phase also occurred as major products. Reaction‐path models indicated that formation of the products required both slow dissolution of glass and kinetic inhibitions to precipitation of a number of minerals including phyllosilicates and other aluminosilicates as well as Al‐ and Fe‐oxides/oxyhydroxides. Similar models performed for Martian basalt compositions predict that the initial stages of acid‐sulfate alteration of pyroclastic deposits on Mars should result in formation of amorphous silica, anhydrite, Fe‐bearing natroalunite, and kieserite, along with relict basaltic glass. In addition, analysis of the experimental products indicates that Fe‐bearing natroalunite produces a Mössbauer spectrum closely resembling that of jarosite, suggesting that it should be considered an alternative to the component in sulfate‐rich bedrocks at Meridiani Planum that has previously been identified as jarosite.
BLESS: Benchmarking Large Language Models on Sentence Simplification

We present BLESS, a comprehensive performance benchmark of the most recent state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) on the task of text simplification (TS). We examine how well off-the-shelf LLMs can solve this challenging task, assessing a total of 44 models, differing in size, architecture, pre-training methods, and accessibility, on three test sets from different domains (Wikipedia, news, and medical) under a few-shot setting. Our analysis considers a suite of automatic metrics as well as a large-scale quantitative investigation into the types of common edit operations performed by the different models. Furthermore, we perform a manual qualitative analysis on a subset of model outputs to better gauge the quality of the generated simplifications. Our evaluation indicates that the best LLMs, despite not being trained on TS, perform comparably with state-of-the-art TS baselines. Additionally, we find that certain LLMs demonstrate a greater range and diversity of edit operations. Our performance benchmark will be available as a resource for the development of future TS methods and evaluation metrics.
A STUDY TO EVALUATE CLINICAL PROFILE AND HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SMALL INTESTINAL BIOPSIES IN SUSPECTED CASES OF MALABSORPTION SYNDROME IN ADULTS

Background: Malabsorption is the reduced absorption of one or more nutrients from food. Important causes of malabsorption are gluten sensitive enteropathy, auto immune enteropathy, infections like tropical sprue, bacterial overgrowth, protein allergy, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, primary intestinal lymphangiectasia, chronic granulomatous disease, infiltrative diseases like amyloidosis, inherited disorders like microvillous inclusion disease, abetalipoproteinemia and neoplastic disorders like waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia and lymphoma. Often, we miss important diagnosis like celiac disease presuming its low prevalence in adults and in developing countries like India. The objective is to study the clinical profile and the current spectrum of histopathology using Modified Marsh Criteria in patients clinically suspected with malabsorption at a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: Study Design is a prospective hospital based cross-sectional study. Study area: Department of Pathology. Study Period is 18 months. Study population is all the samples sent as clinically suspicious of malabsorption syndrome from Gastroenterology department. Sample size of the study consisted of 41 cases. Sampling method is simple random technique. Sample collection began after obtaining clearance from the ethical committee. Brief clinical history of the patient including name, age, sex and complaints were noted. The specimens were received in a labelled container containing 10% formalin. The biopsies were processed in 10% formalin and paraffin embedded. 4-5-micron thick sections were cut from the paraffin blocks and then taken onto labelled slides for routine Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Result: Out of 41 cases studied, 8(19.5%) were type 0, 5(12.2%) cases type I, 3(7.3%) cases type 2, 7 (17%) cases type 3a, 9(22.0%) cases type 3b and 4 (9.8%) cases were type 3c. No case of type 4 was reported. 5 (12.2%) cases showed crypt hyperplasia and moderate to severe villous atrophy without significant IELs. Conclusion: The study concludes that histopathological studies of duodenal biopsies are valuable in diagnosing malabsorption syndrome. Correlation with serology and other investigations are necessary to arrive at definitive cause of malabsorption.
Investigation of Toll-Like Receptor Family Expression in Glioblastoma: A Comparative Analysis of qPCR and Cell Culture Glioblastomada Toll-Benzeri Reseptör Ailesi Ekspresyonunun Araştırılması: Karşılaştırmalı Bir qPCR ve Hücre Kültürü Analizi

literature to contribute additional data to the literature. Patients and Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 25 glioblastoma patients, diagnosed between January and December 2018, to evaluate the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors. Also, the expression of each Toll-like receptor was investigated by cell culture analysis using five different cell lines of human glioblastoma (T98G, U87-MG, U373, LN18, and A172). The results were compared statistically. Results: Toll-like receptor 1, Toll-like receptor 6, and Toll-like receptor 7 mRNA levels were significantly increased in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of the glioblastoma group (p<0.001, each) whereas the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and Toll-like receptor 10 was downregulated compared to the control group (p=0.023, p<0.001, respectively), by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Additionally, Toll-like receptor mRNA expression profiles differed among the cell lines. Conclusion: In our study, many Toll-like receptor members seemed to display different expression level in the glioblastoma microenvironment and affect it diversely. Further comprehensive studies are required to confirm the endogenous protein level of each Toll-like receptor in glioblastoma, to clarify their precise role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of glioblastoma, and to shed light on new target therapies.
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE OF WORK STRESS AND ITS PSYCHOSOMATIC SYMPTOMS AMONG DOCTORS OF KERALA

Background: The doctors are the key factors in determining the health and welfare of the society. Exaggerated work stress can lead to defective decision making, practice of defensive medicine and at times negligence. This study aims to find out if it is the generality of the profession is what creates the work stress or if it’s the intricacies of the work as such which the doctors are practicing. This study focuses on the prevalence of work stress of doctors in Kerala. Objectives: To identify the prevalence of work stress of practicing doctors. To identify the psychosomatic symptoms of stress in doctors using general questionnaire and ICMR work stress questionnaire. Research Design: Descriptive study. Total of 502 samples were collected. Results: 58.3 % of doctors work more than 8 hours per day. 34.5% of doctors are not satisfied with their work and 74.7 % doctors criticize of self-blame themselves with respect to their work. 31.8 % doctors feel that they need counselling for work enhancement and 42.6% doctors feels that they do not have support of hospital management. 56.9% doctors feels that they do not have time for themselves and their family. 43.6% doctors feels that they will not become doctors again if given a chance. On analysis using ICMR work stress scoring, younger age, female gender, working on weekends, feeling of lack of support in work place, found to be risk factors in work stress among doctors. There was no significant association noted between stress levels of doctors in surgical versus non-surgical specialty
RHENIUM-RICH MOLYBDENITE AND RHENIITE IN THE PAGONI RACHI Mo–Cu–Te–Ag–Au PROSPECT, NORTHERN GREECE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE Re GEOCHEMISTRY OF PORPHYRY-STYLE Cu–Mo AND Mo MINERALIZATION

The porphyry-type Pagoni Rachi Mo–Cu–Te–Ag–Au prospect, in northern Greece, is a porphyry-epithermal system hosted by an Oligocene dacite porphyry and quartz–feldspar porphyry dikes. The rare mineral rheniite (ReS2) and molybdenite, with very high contents of Re (up to 4.7 wt% Re), occur in quartz veins along with Fe–Cu sulfides, Pb-, Sn-, and Cl-bearing oxides, hematite, ilmenite and tellurides of Bi; these veins are spatially related to sericitic and transitional sericitic–sodic–potassic alteration. Earlier-formed gold-bearing quartz and magnetite veins with sodic–potassic–calcic alteration and late precious-metal telluride-rich carbonate–quartz veins with argillic alteration contain only minor amounts of molybdenite. The composition of rheniite ranges from almost pure, stoichiometric rheniite with low Mo content to rheniite with up to 5.99 wt% Mo. Petrographic, scanning electron microscope, and structural studies suggest that the high Re content of molybdenite from Pagoni Rachi is the result of the isovalent Re-for-Mo substitution in molybdenite. This fact is corroborated by the progressive shortening of the Mo–S mean bond-distance (from 2.414 A in pure molybdenite to 2.355 A), as well as by the isotropic decrease of the unit-cell values with the increase of the Re:Mo ratio. The structural analysis of four molybdenite crystals, with the highest Re content ever reported in nature, demonstrates that they crystallize as the 2 H polytype and not the 3 R polytype, as previously hypothesized, thus suggesting that Re concentration does not correlate with a specific polytype. The fluid inclusions in quartz in the Re-bearing molybdenite–rheniite veins at Pagoni Rachi show that they homogenize to either the liquid or vapor phases (354 to 428°C) or by halite dissolution at 317 to 585°C, which equates to salinities of 40 to 59 wt% NaCl equiv. Rheniite and molybdenite likely precipitated as temperatures fell below 400°C during phase separation under relatively oxidizing conditions, at elevated chlorine activity, and from relatively acid hydrothermal solutions. However, the presence of Pb oxides, Sn-bearing minerals and tellurides is compelling evidence that rheniite and Re-rich molybdenite may have formed directly from the vapor as sublimates, in a manner similar to the way they are deposited at the Kudriavy volcano, Kurile Islands.
Dynamic analysis of land use and ecosystem services value in Cheng-Yu Economic Zone,Southwest China

Cheng-Yu Economic Zone is an ecological barrier of the upper reaches of Yangtze River,but its eco-environment is fragile.It is of significance to maintain and improve the ecosystem services of the Zone.Based on the satellite images taken in 2000 and 2007,and with the help of RS and GIS techniques,this paper quantitatively analyzed the spatiotemporal variations of land use in the Zone,and by using modified ecosystem services value coefficient,evaluated the dynamic changes of land ecosystem services,aimed to understand the responses of the ecosystem services to land use change and to provide useful information for policy maker concerned with the sustainable development of the Zone.In 2000-2007,the constructive land showed the fastest increase(1044.5 km2),with an annual increasing rate 5.3%,forestland had the largest increase(2908.7 km2),with an annual increasing rate 0.5%,grassland,water body,and unused land decreased with an annual rate of-2.0%,-0.7%,and-2.9%,respectively,while cropland shrank largest(2388.9 km2),with an annual rate-0.3%. Owing to the land use change,the total land ecosystem services value had somewhat increase,with the total value increased from 318.84 billion Yuan in 2000 to 321.15 billion Yuan in 2007.The increase of the total value was mainly contributed to the conversion from other land use types to forestland and from cropland and grassland to other land use types,while the decrease of the ecosystem services function was mainly due to the conversion from forestland to other land use types.To maintain the land ecosystem services function and sustainable development of the Zone,it would be necessary to protect the land use types with high ecosystem services value(e.g.,forestland and wetland).
Is Ileostomy an Obligation Following Rectal Resection? The Role of Rectal Tube Instead of Ileostomy Rektal Rezeksiyon Sonrası İleostomi Zorunlu mudur? İleostomi

ÖZ Objective: In laparoscopic distal colon surgery, diverting ileostomy is often used to improve the anastomosis leakage and eliminate the need for secondary surgery. However, complications related to the stoma and its closure have led to new searches. The rectal tube has started to be used as another method to reduce the anastomosis leakage by reducing intestinal pressure and providing drainage. In this study, we aimed to compare the effect of the rectal tube and diverting ileostomy on the outcomes of patients who underwent laparoscopic pelvic subperitoneal surgery. Methods: Retrospective information was obtained from 66 patients who underwent laparoscopic pelvic subperitoneal surgery in our clinic between 2013 and 2019. The patients were evaluated in two groups: ileostomy and rectal tube. Demographic data, operation findings, pathological results, and follow-up information were evaluated. Results: Fourty-one of 66 patients who underwent colorectal pelvic peritoneal surgery were in the rectal tube group and 25 were in the ileostomy group. The majority of the patients in the ileostomy group were males (22-88% vs 23-56