Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GA and PSO Based Spectrum Allotment in Cognitive Radio Networks

The secondary users can opportunistically use the channels in such a way that there is no interference to primary users' communications in cognitive radio networks. The optimization algorithms guarantee better outcome in many practical problems. In this paper Genetic and the particle swarm optimization algorithms are used for spectrum allocation to maximize the reward to secondary users. Here bandwidth that can be given to secondary users is considered as reward. The performance of the two algorithms is compared in terms of amount of reward obtained and the number of iterations required to converge. Also found the effect on number of channels on reward in both the algorithms and the effect of global acceleration coefficient on convergence speed in GA algorithm.
Subsurface Concentration of Chloride Brines

In this paper an effort is made to discuss critically the evidence regarding all the processes which may have produced chloride brines more concentrated than sea water. The hypothesis that the concentration is due to evaporation in natural gas is tested by estimating the thicknesses of bituminous shale necessary to produce the required volumes of gas. The possibility of a gravitational settling of the molecules of the chlorides, and the effects of osmosis, hydration, and adsorption are also considered. The writer deals only with the concentration of the chloride radicle of the brines. The exchange of bases, and the processes affecting the other acid radicles, are not mentioned.
Breast Cancer Histopathology Image Super-Resolution Using Wide-Attention GAN With Improved Wasserstein Gradient Penalty and Perceptual Loss

In the realm of image processing, enhancing the quality of the images is known as a super-resolution problem (SR). Among SR methods, a super-resolution generative adversarial network, or SRGAN, has been introduced to generate SR images from low-resolution images. As it is of the utmost importance to keep the size and the shape of the images, while enlarging the medical images, we propose a novel super-resolution model with a generative adversarial network to generate SR images with finer details and higher quality to encourage less blurring. By widening residual blocks and using a self-attention layer, our model becomes robust and generalizable as it is able to extract the most important part of the images before up-sampling. We named our proposed model as wide-attention SRGAN (WA-SRGAN). Moreover, we have applied improved Wasserstein with a Gradient penalty to stabilize the model while training. To train our model, we have applied images from Camylon 16 database and enlarged them by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$16\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> upscale factors with the ground truth of the size of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$256\times 256\times 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, two normalization methods, including batch normalization, and weight normalization have been applied and we observed that weight normalization is an enabling factor to improve metric performance in terms of SSIM. Moreover, several evaluation metrics, such as PSNR, MSE, SSIM, MS-SSIM, and QILV have been applied for having a comprehensive objective comparison with other methods, including SRGAN, A-SRGAN, and bicubial. Also, we performed the job of classification by using a deep learning model called ResNeXt-101 (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$32\times 8\text{d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) for super-resolution, high-resolution, and low-resolution images and compared the outcomes in terms of accuracy score. Finally, the results on breast cancer histopathology images show the superiority of our model by using weight normalization and a batch size of one in terms of restoration of the color and the texture details.
ETA-rPPGNet: Effective Time-Domain Attention Network for Remote Heart Rate Measurement

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) technology is widely used to measure heart rate (HR) from facial video. However, the accuracy of rPPG signal extraction is affected by the slow content changes in long-range facial videos, and the extraction process is also susceptible to interference from illumination variation and head movement noise. To address the above problems, in this article, we propose an end-to-end effective time-domain attention network (ETA-rPPGNet). First, in order to overcome video redundancy information, we construct the time-domain segment subnet. The video is divided into several segments, which are fed into the subspace networks to extract important spatial facial features and aggregate temporal information, respectively. Then, the time-domain attention mechanism is designed in the backbone net. In this mechanism, the 1-D convolution is used to effectively model the information association in the local time domain, so as to improve the antinoise ability of the model. Finally, via the two-part loss function, the model can reduce the interference of other physiological signals. We conduct extensive experiments to verify the effectiveness of our model on the public PURE, COHFACE, UBFC-rPPG, and MMSE-HR data sets. Compared with other models, our model shows better performance in the measurement accuracy.
Toward high performance n/p GaAs solar cells grown on low dislocation density p-type SiGe substrates

GaAs solar cells grown on SiGe/Si virtual substrates in the n/p configuration are of interest to develop III-V/Si cell technologies with high radiation-tolerance and to demonstrate the general applicability of SiGe/Si substrates for transfer of standard multi-junction configurations. This paper reports the first study of minority carrier electron lifetimes in p-type GaAs base materials grown on low dislocation density (1/spl times/10/sup 6/ cm/sup -2/) SiGe/Si substrates and the first study of n/p III-V cells grown on SiGe as a function of threading dislocation density. Minority carrier diffusion lengths of /spl sim/4 /spl mu/m, well in excess of a typical n/p cell base thickness, are demonstrated and correlations between diffusion length and dislocation density are made. Preliminary cell results match theoretical predictions, and n/p GaAs cell efficiencies on Si in excess of 15% have been achieved. In parallel developments for p/n cells, GaAs cell areas on SiGe have been increased from 0.36 cm/sup 2/ to 4 cm/sup 2/ with no decrease in cell performance. This indicates that thermal stress induced microcracks are not limiting cell performance on SiGe/Si substrates at this stage of development. The cumulative impact of these results indicate the growing promise of SiGe virtual substrates for achieving high performance III-V solar cells grown on Si substrates utilizing SiGe buffer layers.
Optimal Planning and EMS Design of PV Based Standalone Rural Microgrids

Standalone rural microgrid (MG) systems are considered as a sustainable and economical solutions towards rural area electrifications. Specific control schemes are necessary to adopt for reliable and economic performance of these rural MGs. This study focuses on the optimal utilization of biomass potential considering specific applications of bio generator (BG) with BG-PV-WT-BSS and BG-PV-SMES based standalone rural MG systems. In the first case of the BG-PV-WT-BSS, the optimal sizing/selection of DGs of a rural MG has been proposed using the improved-MILP (I-MILP) approach. The objectives of this study were to minimize total net present cost (TNPC), the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and GHG emissions. In the second case of BG-PV-SMES, the simulation model of the rural microgrid consisting of a variable speed bio generator (VSBG) and photovoltaic (PV) has been developed. Afterwards, a simplified EMS has been designed for the coordinated operation control of the distributed energy resources (DERs) in the rural MGs using MATLAB/Simulink® environment. For the DGs connected via power converter, FOSMC and FCS-MPC based coordinated control has been proposed in the simplified EMS. The purpose of the FOSMC and FCS-MPC based power converter is the improvement of the system performance (for instance power quality, regulated voltage and THD) under external disturbances. Simulation analysis shows the better operation of FOSMC and FCS-MPC under less THD and improved power quality.
Novel MIMO Technique for Wireless Terabits Systems in Sub-THz Band

In this paper, a generalized MIMO Spatial Multiplexing (SMX) system with a new Index Modulation (IM) domain called filter IM domain is proposed. This filter domain generalizes the time and frequency IM domains. In particular, a Filter Shape IM (FSIM) is used to virtually transmit a part of the information bitstream by indexing the filter shape varying at the symbol rate. This scheme permits to achieve high Spectral Efficiency (SE) since it uses all the available time, frequency, and spatial resources. The proposed transceiver can be easily reconfigured to operate as a conventional MIMO SMX transceiver. Compared to the existing systems, the proposed system achieves the highest SE gain with the help of IM and MIMO multiplexing gain. The theoretical lower bound is derived to characterize the SMX FSIM system performance. The results reveal that SMX FSIM with 2 filter shapes only outperforms by 3.5 dB up to more than 12 dB the equivalent SMX QAM system at the same SE. Furthermore, a complete analysis in the sub-THz indoor environment with RF impairments is provided for the proposed system, SMX QAM, and Generalized Spatial Modulation. Finally, the results show that SMX FSIM with a linear receiver has better performance and robustness to phase noise, lower transceiver cost, higher SE/energy efficiency gain, and lower power consumption.
Bus-Bar fault detection and classification using Fast S-transform and Artificial Neural Networks

This work is focused on detection and classification of faults in Bus-Bar system. Fast S-transform is used to get data of transient fault currents and based on the indices polarities and simple mathematical relations the fault and zone of the fault is decided. In this work, fault classification has been performed by using artificial neural networks. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are important for power system applications as training can be achieved with a set of data recorded offline. Feed-forward networks are used in combination with the back-propagation algorithm in the fault classification process. Simulation results and analysis have been provided to demonstrate that the Fast S-transform algorithm and artificial neural network-based methods are efficient and accurate in locating and classifying faults in the Bus-Bar systems and achieve satisfactory performances.
Multi-Agent Simulation of Core Spatial SIR Models for Epidemics Spread in a Population

This paper proposes a multi-agent simulation of simple core spatial Susceptible-Infected-Recovered models for epidemics spread in a population. The paper introduces the mathematical model of the system and then it proceeds by developing its multi-agent representation. The resulting multiagent model is simulated using the GAMA multi-agent platform. The implementation and results are discussed in detail.
Standardization and characterization of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction from New Zealand white rabbits for bone tissue engineering

Background and Aim: Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) contains a heterogeneous cell population comprising multipotent adipose-derived stem cells. Regenerative therapy using adipose-derived SVF has broad applications in bone tissue engineering due to the superior osteogenic potential of SVF. This study was designed to standardize and characterize adipose-derived SVF obtained from New Zealand white rabbits for bone tissue engineering and other potential applications. Materials and Methods: Ten skeletally mature and clinically healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. The SVF was prepared using surgically resected interscapular adipose tissue following enzymatic digestion with 0.1% collagenase type I solution. The SVF pellet obtained after the final centrifugation step was suspended in a 0.5 mL control solution to obtain ready-to-use adipose-derived SVF. The freshly prepared SVF was characterized based on the total SVF cell count and cell yield per gram of adipose tissue. The SVF cells were enumerated using a hemocytometer. Results: Interscapular adipose tissue depots are ideal for preparing autologous adipose-derived SVF due to the ease of access. The interscapular adipose-derived SVF prepared by enzymatic digestion had an average cell yield of 3.15±0.09×106 cells/g adipose tissue. Freshly prepared SVF had a total cell count of 3.15±0.09×104 cells/μL. Conclusion: The enzymatic digestion of adipose tissue using 0.1% collagenase resulted in better cell yield per gram than methods previously reported in rabbits. The use of adipose-derived SVF can preclude the requirement for an additional culture period. In addition, it may also reduce the risk of extensive cell contamination, which makes it a safe and cost-effective strategy for bone tissue engineering applications.
MetaPhys: few-shot adaptation for non-contact physiological measurement

There are large individual differences in physiological processes, making designing personalized health sensing algorithms challenging. Existing machine learning systems struggle to generalize well to unseen subjects or contexts and can often contain problematic biases. Video-based physiological measurement is no exception. Therefore, learning personalized or customized models from a small number of unlabeled samples is very attractive as it would allow fast calibrations to improve generalization and help correct biases. In this paper, we present a novel meta-learning approach called MetaPhys for personalized video-based cardiac measurement for non-contact pulse and heart rate monitoring. Our method uses only 18-seconds of video for customization and works effectively in both supervised and unsupervised manners. We evaluate our approach on two benchmark datasets and demonstrate superior performance in cross-dataset evaluation with substantial reductions (42% to 44%) in errors compared with state-of-the-art approaches. We also find that our method leads to large reductions in bias due to skin type.
An in vitro Method to Determine Intestinal Bioavailability of Glucosamine Salt Mixture

Glucosamine is an amino sugar commonly used to improve joint health. It is often available for consumers as specialized supplements, the matrixes of which are formulated with components that facilitate enhancing functionality of the bioactive glucosamine. The primary objective of this study was to determine the in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of a commercial glucosamine sulphate supplement, formulated with a mineral clay mixture. We used a modified a 3-step in vitro digestion procedure that included oral, gastric, and gastrointestinal digestions to assess bioaccessibility. Bioavailability followed using a Caco2 cell permeability test. Glucosamine bioaccessibility was not affected by gastric digestion and only marginally affected by gastrointestinal digestion (e.g., > 90% recovery). Bioavailability was dramatically lower, averaging approximately 15%, but similar for both the glucosamine reference standard and clay mineral mix glucosamine formulated product. Our in vitro bioavailability measurement of glucosamine, corrected for bioaccessibility, agree with values from in vitro rodent models. We conclude that the in vitro 3-step digestion of glucosamine, used to mimic gastrointestinal digestion, followed by the Caco2 permeability assay represents an alternative method to assess digestibility and bioavailability of formulated glucosamine products. Keywords: Glucosamine; Clay Mineral Mix; Bioaccessibility; Bioavailability
Formation and multinuclear magnetic resonance investigation of silylammonium tetracarbonylcobaltate contact ion pairs

Silylcobalt tetracarbonyls were reacted with various amines (B) in non-polar solvents to form silylammonium tetracarbonylcobaltate contact ion pairs formulated as [BSiR3+, −Co(CO)4]. The compounds were characterized by IR and multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy both in solution and in solid state. Their properties are analogous to the known ion pairs [BH+, −Co(CO)4] and to amine adducts of halosilanes as well.
Polymers end-grafted onto a cylindrical surface

Equilibrium properties of linear polymers grafted at one end onto a repulsive cylindrical surface of radius R are studied by using molecular dynamics simulations. Results for the monomer density profile and the density of the free ends are given. No evidence if found for the existence of a dead zone near the surface from which the free ends are excluded in any of the systems with finite R. This is in contrast with some recent predictions that such a dead zone should exist in the case of polymers in a melt state, and probably under good solvent conditions as well
Prevalence, Risk factors and Antibiogram analysis of Nosocomial Infection in Tertiary Care Hospital of Rawalpindi, Pakistan

BackgroundNosocomial infections are a global health problem, affecting 1.4 million people in treatment centers, responsible for 80,000 estimated annual deaths. The current study aimed to assess the factor influencing nosocomial infections and to choose the best antibiotic for its treatment through culture analysis.MethodologyThe current study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital Rawalpindi. A total of 120 patients with at least one nosocomial episode were included. Blood, urine, and wound swab sample were collected for hematology, biochemistry, electrolyte, and microbial analysis. Multivariate regression analysis through SPSS (ver. 16.0) were done, p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultThe prevalence of culture-confirmed nosocomial infection was 25%, among which age groups (P = 0.00, 95% CI, − .382-.271) were significantly correlated. Hematological analysis shows that 73.3% have lymphopenia (P = 0.00, 95% CI .567-1.175), 73.3% have Neutrocytosis (P = 0.00, 95% CI .553-1.122) and anemia (26.7%) (P = 0.002, 95% CI .097-.404) were statistically significant. Raised level of ALT (60%), Bilirubin (26.7%) and ALP (13.3%) among liver functional tests (P = 0.68, 95% CI .686- .280) found insignificant however abnormal level of urea (33.3%) and creatinine (46.7%) (P = 0.00, 95% CI -1.227-.392) were significantly correlated with nosocomial infections. Electrolytes profile shows that Hypernatremia (26.7%) (P = 0.000, 95% CI-.491–.227) were strongly correlated. Culture analysis isolated six bacterial agents, comprising 83.3%:16.6% ratio of gram-negative and gram-positive isolates. Klebsiella pneumonia was frequently isolated gram-negative, while Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the only gram-positive isolate collected. Urinary tract infection (UTI) (36.6%) was frequently found, followed by bloodstream infection (26.6%) (BSI). The majority of the gram-negative isolates were sensitive to Imipenem while resistant to Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, cefoxitin, Levofloxacin, Norfloxacin, and linezolid antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus was found sensitive against Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole while resistant towards linezolid, Imipenem, and Cefotaxime.ConclusionThe current study revealed that nosocomial infection is still prevalent in our hospital environment and the leading cause of drug resistance and dysfunctions of various factors like WBCs, LFTs, RFTs, electrolytes, coagulation factors and anemia, which can lead to morbidity and mortality.
Effectiveness of beclometasone dipropionate and formoterol in an extrafine particle formulation for asthma therapy depending on patient smoking status: the CASPER noninterventional, observational trial

Background: The goal of asthma treatment, outlined by GINA experts, is to achieve and maintain full control of the disease. One critical risk factor for poor asthma control is exposure to tobacco smoke. The purpose of this analysis isto assess the effectiveness and safety of long-term therapy with an extrafine combined aerosol formulation of beclometasone dipropionate and formoterol (BDP/F) in asthmatics for current and ex-smokers vs non-smokers. Methods: The CASPER study was an observational, noninterventional, prospective, multicentre trial. Asthmatics currently being managed long-term with BDP/F pressurized metred-dose inhaler (pMDI) were divided based on smoking status into three groups: current smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers. The subjects were evaluated at 0, 3, and 6 months for symptom intensity, asthma control, frequency of exacerbations and dose of inhaled corticosteroids. Adverse drug reactions were also monitored. Results: Out of 16,844 patients, 2833 (16.8%) were ex-smokers and 3312 (19.7%) were current smokers. At the beginning of the observation, the current smokers were the most symptomatic subgroup of patients with the greatest limitation on life activity. During long-term treatment with extrafine BDP/F-pMDI , diurnal and nocturnal asthma symptoms, rescue medication use, and limitations of activity secondary to asthma were markedly decreased in all subgroups, with a statistically significant effect in smokers and ex-smokers, albeit at the end of the observation, a higher percentage of symptomatic patients remained in the groups of current smokers and ex-smokers while a lower percentage of symptomatic patients was observed among the non smokers. At the 6-month follow-up, an improvement in asthma control compared to baseline, according to GINA criteria, was reported in 77.1% of current smokers, 75.2% of exsmokers, and 75% of non-smokers, but full asthma control was more frequently achieved in non smokers (64.0% fulfilled GINA criteria of asthma control) compared to current smokers and ex-smokers (54.9% and 51.5%, respectively). A total of 525 nonserious ADRs were reported in 422 patients (3.2%), all of which were within expectations. Conclusions: Combination therapy with extrafine BDP/F-pMDI is an effective therapy across a broad spectrum of asthmatics, irrespective of smoking status,albeit the overall asthma control is worse in those with a smoking history.
THE ITINERANT EXTRACTION BEHAVIOR OF f-ELEMENTS AND TTRIUM WITH OCTYL(PHENYL)-N,N-DIISOBUTYLCARBAMOYL-ETHYLPHOSPHINE OXIDE

ABSTRACT The extraction behaviour of selected trivalent lanthanides, actinides and yttrium was studied from thiocyanate and nitrate solutions using octyl(phenyl)-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide(CMPO) in xylene as an extractant. It was found that these trivalent metal ions were extracted as MX3.3CMPO (where X - SCN - or N03-). The equilibrium constants(K) of the above species were determined by non-linear regression analysis. The K values of trivalent lanthanides in nitrate solutions do not increase monotonically with increasing atomic number(Z), but have a maximum at Eu. On the other hand, in thiocyanate solutions, the K values increase with increasing Z. In the extraction systems containing soft ligands like thiocyanate the distribution ratio (D) of Y is lower than that of La, whereas trivalent actinides Am and Cm have much higher D values than their corresponding counterparts in the lanthanide series. However, in the extraction systems containing a hard ligand such as nitrate, it is interes.