Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perpendicularly magnetized ferromagnetism in Mn/Al bilayer thin films on Si substrates induced by temperature dependent ion beam mixing

The perpendicularly magnetized τ-phase was achieved in Mn/Al bilayer thin films by ion beam mixing using 400 keV Xe ions. The effect of annealing and irradiation on the structural, microstructural, and magnetic properties of Mn/Al bilayer thin films was investigated in the present study. Mn/Al bilayer thin films (thickness ∼97 nm) were deposited on silicon substrates by the evaporation technique. These as-deposited films were irradiated to the fluences of 5 × 1016 and 1 × 1017 ions cm−2 at three substrate temperatures (Room temperature ∼300 K, 450 K, and 623 K). As-deposited films were also annealed at 450 K and 623 K for 5 h. The ferromagnetic τ-phase was enhanced in annealed and irradiated thin films confirmed from synchrotron x-ray diffraction patterns, MFM images, and magnetic hysteresis curves. The average grain size estimated from the AFM study was found in the range of 78–192 nm. The domain patterns obtained in MFM images confirmed the ferromagnetic nature of the annealed and irradiated films. The hysteresis curves measured at 5 K show the maximum coercivity (7111 Oe) for the sample annealed at 450 K and the highest value of saturation magnetization (60 emu cc−1) for the film irradiated to the fluence of 1 × 1017 ions cm−2 at the substrate temperature of 450 K. Perpendicularly magnetized τ-phase was achieved in the films irradiated to the fluence of 1 × 1017 ions cm−2 at different temperatures. The formation of the ferromagnetic phase by ion beam mixing can be attributed to the combined effect of ballistic mixing and thermal spike mechanisms. This study suggests that the ferromagnetic properties of MnAl thin films can be modified by selecting the proper annealing and irradiation conditions to make them useful for applications in spintronics and magnetic memory devices.
Effect of microstructure on lattice thermal conductivity of thermoelectric chalcopyrite CuFeS2: experimental and computational studies

Chalcopyrite CuFeS2 can be considered a promising thermoelectric material when its lattice thermal conductivity κ lat is successfully reduced. We attempted to obtain fine microstructures of Zn-doped CuFeS2 to reduce κ lat while keeping its high power factor. A submicron scale grain size was achieved, and κ lat was reduced by 47%, though the electrical resistivity was significantly increased. According to phonon calculations, we propose that a thin film form is a promising candidate to achieve further attenuation of κ lat of CuFeS2 without sacrificing electrical properties via precise control of thickness.
Thermodynamic Evolution of Solar Flare Supra-arcade Downflows

Solar flares are rapid energy release phenomena that appear as bright ribbons in the chromosphere and high temperature loops in the corona, respectively. Supra-arcade Downflows (SADs) are plasma voids that first come out above the flare loops and then move quickly toward the flare loop top during the decay phase of the flare. In our work, we study 20 SADs appearing in three flares. By differential emission measure (DEM) analysis, we calculate the DEM weighted average temperature and emission measure of the front region and the main body of SADs. It is found that the temperatures of the SAD front and body tend to increase during the course of SADs flowing downwards. The relationship between the pressure and temperature fits well with the adiabatic equation for both the SAD front and body, suggesting that the heating of SADs is mainly caused by adiabatic compression. Moreover, we also estimate the velocities of SADs via the Fourier Local Correlation Tracking method and find that increase of the temperature of the SAD front presents a correlation with the decrease of the SAD kinetic energy, while the SAD body does not, implying that the viscous process may also heat the SAD front in spite of a limited role.
Global-scale changes to extreme ocean wave events due to anthropogenic warming

Extreme surface ocean waves are often primary drivers of coastal flooding and erosion over various time scales. Hence, understanding future changes in extreme wave events owing to global warming is of socio-economic and environmental significance. However, our current knowledge of potential changes in high-frequency (defined here as having return periods of less than 1 year) extreme wave events are largely unknown, despite being strongly linked to coastal hazards across time scales relevant to coastal management. Here, we present global climate-modeling evidence, based on the most comprehensive multi-method, multi-model wave ensemble, of projected changes in a core set of extreme wave indices describing high-frequency, extra-tropical storm-driven waves. We find changes in high-frequency extreme wave events of up to ∼50%–100% under RCP8.5 high-emission scenario; which is nearly double the expected changes for RCP4.5 scenario, when globally integrated. The projected changes exhibit strong inter-hemispheric asymmetry, with strong increases in extreme wave activity across the tropics and high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere region, and a widespread decrease across most of the Northern Hemisphere. We find that the patterns of projected increase across these extreme wave events over the Southern Hemisphere region resemble their historical response to the positive anomaly of the Southern Annular Mode. Our findings highlight that many countries with low-adaptive capacity are likely to face increasing exposure to much more frequent extreme wave events in the future.
Rheological, textural, and sensory properties of non-fat yogurt containing cress (Lepidium sativum) seed gum and various starches

Yogurts are widely consumed across the globe and are produced by fermenting different types of milks with bacteria such as Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Some yogurts are also enriched with other probiotic strains, such as Bifidobacterium spp. , to confer additional health benefits (Coskun & Karabulut Dirican, 2019; Costa et al., 2020; Pei et al., 2017; Shah, 2007; Tamime & Robinson, 1999). Yogurts are considered to have cardioprotective properties, to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, and to have positive effects on body composition and weight (Barros et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2014; Dalmeijer et al., 2013; Panahi et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2013), but the consumption of full-fat yogurt, which contains at least 3.25% fat according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Food and Drug Administration, 1996a, b), can lead to the development of obesity and other worldwide health problems, including cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders (Munsters & Saris, 2014). Consequently, consumers are moving toward low-fat (containing no less than 0.5% fat (Food and Drug Administration, 1996a, b) or non-fat (containing no more than 0.5% fat (Food and Drug Administration, 1996a, b) dairy products (Brennan & Tudorica, 2008). However, milk fat is the main factor that determines the quality of yogurt, so simple fat reduction can have severe impacts on its structure and texture (Cayot et al., 2008; Haque & Ji, 2003), with low-fat yogurts having a poor texture, weak structure, and whey separation unless stabilizers are added (Lee & Lucey, 2010; Mistry & Hassan, 1992).
On Probabilistic λ-Calculi

: This chapter is meant to be a gentle introduction to probabilistic λ - calculi in their two main variations, namely randomised λ -calculi and Bayesian λ -calculi. We focus our attention on the operational semantics, expressive power and termination properties of randomised λ -calculi, only giving some hints and references about denotational models and Bayesian λ -calculi.
Crystal and molecular structure of DL-methionine nitrate

Abstract. The crystal structure of DL-methionine nitrate has been determined at 121° Κ by single crystal X-ray methods using 2087 reflections. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P2\ln with unit cell dimensions a = 13.663(3), b = 5.556(1), c = 13.174(2) Ä, β = 103.90(1)° and Ζ = 4 (R = 0.036 for 2087 reflections). The amino acid molecule exists in the cationic form in the present structure as in the case of L-methionine HCl. The conformation, however, is different from that reported for the hydrochloric salt, and is close to that reported for DL-methionine in the α-form. The hydrogen bonding is extensive, all possible donors being involved in hydrogen bonds. Two centrosymmetrically related nitrate groups are so positioned that one oxygen atom in one group is situated exactly in the direction of the π-orbital of the nitrogen atom in the other group and vice versa. The above disposition of the nitrate groups and the Ν—Ο distance of 2.93 Ä suggest an interaction between them.
Molecular Identification of Activated Sludge Foaming Bacteria

The formation of a stable, dark, viscous foam or scum on activated sludge aeration basin surfaces is a recent and increasing problem. Microscopically, the foam is comprised of a predominance of one of a few different types of filamentous bacteria. The diversity of filaments found in the foam is increasing with time. However, two prominent foaming organisms in Australia are Nocardia amarae and Nocardia pinensis . Although these nocardioforms can be microscopically differentiated, N. amarae is indistinguishable from other foaming filaments such as Rhodococcus rhodochrous and Tsukamurella paurometabolum . Morphology is the cardinal character used in differentiating bulking filamentous microorganisms. However, microorganism morphology is a notoriously poor descriptive attribute that can vary widely depending upon nutritional conditions. The past decade has witnessed the use of molecular biological techniques as the dominant approach for the detection of microorganisms that are difficult to identify by conventional culture techniques or microscopy. The most common nucleic acid target sequences for molecular probes are found in conserved genes such as 16S rDNA. Genomic DNA was isolated from strains of N. amarae and N. pinensis . The 16S rDNA was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced using an automated DNA sequencing machine. The sequences were compared and regions that could be exploited for oligonucleotide probes were highlighted. These regions can differentiate the two species and by comparison with sequences available in Genbank, they can differentiate N. amarae from other foaming nocardioforms for which 16S rDNA sequence information is available.
Influence of Light,Temperature and Salinity on Seed Germination of Reaumuria trigyna Maxim.

No difference was found in the seed germination of Reaumuria trigyna in light and darkness. The optimal temperature for germination was 20–25 ℃. When the temperature was over 25 ℃, the germination percentages decreased. NaCl at concentration below 100 mmol·L-1 had no effect on seed germination. When NaCl concentration was over 150 mmol·L-1, the seed germination obviously decreased until 0. After treatment with NaCl solution for 9 d, then transferred in distilled water, germination recovery percentages of seed treated with high concentration of NaCl (500 mmol·L-1) was higher.
Fungitoxicity of binary mixtures of citral, cinnamic aldehyde, menthol and lemon grass oil against Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer

A shake culture technique was used to assay the fungitoxicity towards Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer of citral (CI), cinnamic aldehyde (CA) and menthol (ME), at concn. of 25 and 50 mug/ml, and of 1:1 binary mixtures of CI + CA, CI + ME and CA + ME, at concn. of 50 and 100 mug/ml. A further study compared the fungitoxicity of CI (at 50 and 100 mug/ml) and lemon grass oil (at 50, 69.4, 100 and 138.9 mug/ml); lemon grass oil consists of 72% citral. The results obtained indicated that CI, CA and ME exhibit synergism in their fungitoxicity and that, at equal concn. , lemon grass oil is less antifungal than CI. It is suggested that when mixtures of the above compounds are used to flavour foods they may also act as preservatives. [See also FSTA (1987) 19 10T31.
Clinical Features of SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy and Associated Placental Pathologies

Summary We reviewed the clinicopathologic findings of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-exposed placentas at our institution. We identified patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy (March–October 2020). Clinical data included gestational age at diagnosis and delivery and maternal symptoms. Hematoxylin and eosin slides were reviewed for maternal vascular malperfusion, fetal vascular malperfusion, chronic villitis, amniotic fluid infection, intervillous thrombi, fibrin deposition, and infarction. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for coronavirus spike protein and RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) for SARS-CoV-2 was performed on a subset of blocks. A review of placentas from age-matched patients received March–October 2019 was conducted as a comparison cohort. A total of 151 patients were identified. Placentas in the 2 groups were similar in weight for gestational age and had similar rates of maternal vascular malperfusion, fetal vascular malperfusion, amniotic fluid infection, intervillous thrombi, fibrin deposition, and infarction. Chronic villitis was the only significantly different pathologic finding between cases and controls (29% of cases showed chronic villitis vs. 8% of controls, P<0.001). Overall, 146/151 (96.7%) cases were negative for IHC and 129/133 (97%) cases were negative for RNA ISH. There were 4 cases that stained positively for IHC/ISH, 2 of which showed massive perivillous fibrin deposition, inflammation, and decidual arteriopathy. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-positive patients were more likely to self-identify as Hispanic and more likely to have public health insurance. Our data suggests SARS-CoV-2 exposed placentas that stain positively for SARS-CoV-2 show abnormal fibrin deposition, inflammatory changes, and decidual arteriopathy. The group of patients with clinical COVID-19 are more likely to show chronic villitis. IHC and ISH evidence of viral infection is rare.
Polybenzoxazine Aerogels. 1. High-yield Room-temperature Acid-catalyzed Synthesis of Robust Monoliths, Oxidative Aromatization, and Conversion to Microporous Carbons

We describe a new room-temperature HCl-catalyzed method for the synthesis of polybenzoxazine (PBO) aerogels from bisphenol A, formaldehyde, and aniline that cuts the typical multiday high-temperature (≥130 °C) route to a few hours. The new materials are studied comparatively to those from heat-induced polymerization, and both types are evaluated as precursors of carbon (C-) aerogels. In addition to the ortho-phenolic position of bisphenol A, the HCl-catalyzed process engages the para position of the aniline moieties leading to a higher degree of cross-linking. Thereby, the resulting aerogels consist of smaller particles with higher mesoporosity, higher surface areas (up to 72 m2 g–1), and lower thermal conductivities (down to 0.071 W m–1 K–1) than their thermally polymerized counterparts (corresponding best values: 64 m2 g–1 and 0.091 W m–1 K–1, respectively). It is also reported that the carbonization efficiency (up to 61% w/w), the nanomorphology, and the pore structure of the resulting C-aerogels depen.
CHROMOSOME NUMBER VARIABILITY IN CENTRAL EUROPEAN MEMBERS OF THE FESTUCA OVINA AND F. PALLENS GROUPS (SECT. FESTUCA)

Chromosome numbers for 98 plants of F. pallens ,1 9 ofF. psammophila, F. belensis and F. vaginata, and 44 of F. ovina (originating from Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Slovakia and Latvia) are given. In addition to the F. ovina and F. pallens groups, chromosome counts for the following taxa are also reported: F. alpestris (2n=14) reported for the first time in this work, F. amethystina subsp. amethystina (2n=28), F. brevipila (2n=42), F. cinerea (2n=28), F. rupicola subsp. rupicola (2n=42) and F. versicolor subsp. versicolor (2n=14). In F. pallens, two ploidy levels (2n=2x=14+0-1B, 2n=4x=28+0-1B) as well as two natural triploid plants (2n=21+0-1B), were found. In addition to the four F. pallens types that have been distinguished in Austria, one new tetraploid type (F. pallens "scabrifolia") from the Czech Republic and Germany is reported and its taxonomy is discussed. The distributions of the Oberosterreich-Niederosterreich and Pannonisches-Hugelland F. pallens types outside of Austria are documented. Only the diploid chromosome number (2n=14) was found in F. psammophila and F. vaginata. Chromosome numbers for F. psammophila subsp. muellerstollii and F. belensis (both 2n=14) were determined here for the first time. Two ploidy levels, 2n=14+0-5B corresponding to F. ovina subsp. ovina and 2n=28 corresponding to F. ovina subsp. guestphalica and F. cf. duernsteinensis were confirmed in F. ovina. Differences in chromosome structure (simple and multiple secondary constrictions) between F. pallens as opposed to F. psammophila and F. vaginata are discussed. A complete survey of published chromosome counts for Central European species from the F. ovina and F. pallens groups is included.
A dose-response study of glimepiride in patients with NIDDM who have previously received sulfonylurea agents. The Glimepiride Protocol #201 Study Group.

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy, safety, and dose-response relationship of glimepiride in patients with NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS After a 21-day placebo washout period, 304 patients were randomized to receive either placebo or glimepiride, 1, 4, or 8 mg once daily. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial glucose (PPG), and HbA1c were measured at predetermined intervals during the washout period and the 14-week study. Adverse events were tabulated. RESULTS At each patient visit, reduction from baseline FPG was greater in each glimepiride group than in the placebo group (P < 0.001). Changes from baseline to endpoint after 1, 4, and 8 mg glimepiride exceeded those after placebo (P < 0.001) by 2.4, 3.9, and 4.1 mmol/l, respectively, for FPG; by 1.2, 1.8, and 1.9 percentage points, respectively, for HbA1c; and by 3.5, 5.1, and 5.2 mmol/l, respectively, for 2-h PPG. Greater reductions in these parameters were observed with 8 and 4 mg than with 1 mg (P < 0.05), indicating a dose-response relationship. When patients with baseline HbA1c levels > or = 8% were assessed, more patients who received 8 mg glimepiride had HbA1c values < 8% at endpoint compared with patients receiving 4 mg. Glimepiride had a favorable safety profile. CONCLUSIONS Glimepiride in 1-, 4-, or 8-mg doses was effective and well tolerated. Although the 4- and 8-mg once-daily doses were significantly more potent than the 1-mg dose, all three doses yielded clinical improvement. Because the 8-mg dose controlled HbA1c values in a greater number of patients with high baseline HbA1c levels than did the 4-mg dose, this higher dose might be beneficial for patients who are difficult to treat.
One-Pot Hydrothermal Conversion of Cellulose into Organic Acids with CuO as an Oxidant

A one-pot hydrothermal conversion of cellulose with CuO as an oxidant was investigated under alkaline conditions. The results showed that a high yield of organic acids, mainly including acetic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, and formic acid, was obtained from cellulose. The highest total yield of the four organic acids reached 43.0% at 325 °C for 1 min. CuO can effectively increase the total yield of organic acids, and Cu2O and Cu0 can be produced from the proposed process. A reaction pathway of cellulose conversion into organic acids in the presence of CuO was investigated and proposed. The present study is expected to be a link in the development of a new and green method of both cellulose conversion and CuO smelting.
Effect of Different Packages on Quality and Extension of Shelf-Life in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill.)

Tomato hybrid NS-2535 at the turning stage was packed in three different packages, namely, Corrugated Fibre Board (CFB) boxes of size 400 x 300 x 150mm, plastic crates (400 x 300 x 150mm) and polyethylene bag of size 300 x 450mm. Samples were stored at ambient conditions (Temperature: 28-30°C, RH: 55-62%). The samples were analyzed for weight loss (%), spoilage (%), biochemical qualities and shelf-life during storage. Fruits had a shelf-life of 11 days in all the packages. At the end of the storage period, tomato packed in CFB boxes and plastic crates showed less spoilage (8.7%-7.65%) and lower weight loss (5.02-5.48%). Biochemical analysis showed that lycopene (2.282 and 2.414 mg/100g, respectively), carotenoids (6.46 and 5.26 mg/100g, respectively) and ascorbic acid content (28.83 and 31.14mg/100g, respectively) were higher in tomato packed in CFB boxes and plastic crates compared to those packed in polyethylene bag. Samples packed in CFB boxes had a higher content of total sugars (2.54%) than those in other packages. From our studies it was found that storage life of tomato (hyb. NS-2535) packed in CFB boxes and plastic crates could be extended upto 11 days at ambient conditions, with less spoilage, lower weight loss and greater retention of ascorbic acid, lycopene and total sugar content.
Diagnostic Outcome of Bone Marrow Aspiration in a Tertiary Hospital in Ondo State, Nigeria

Bone marrow examination is a vital study carried out to attain a positive diagnosis of hematological disorders in a resource low income country like Nigeria specifically in Ondo state. Bone marrow is a main spot of hematopoiesis. It is also a major tool used in diagnosis of non-hematological disorders. The main aim of this study is to examine the outcome of bone marrow aspiration in Ondo state. A retrospective 8 years study was carried out between 2012 till 2020 at the University of medical sciences (former Kidney care center, Trauma center and State specialist hospital, Akure) Ondo state. Age, sex, location of patients, bleeding disorders, various indications and diagnosis were analysed using SPSS version 23. A total of 115 bone marrow aspirations were done at University of medical sciences, Ondo. Majority of the patients were male (58.3%) while 41.7% were females. Most are aged above 45 (46.1%). The most common indication was Anaemia specifically the moderate anaemia (52.2%). Commonest diagnostic findings in our study was Leukemia (42%) followed by Megaloblastic anaemia and Multiple myeloma (12.1%). Given the increase in the prevalence of Megaloblastic anaemia and Iron deficiency anemia globally, our study showed high prevalence rate of leukemia specifically chronic myeloid leukemia. The predominance of leukemia among diagnostic findings in our study has been related to the proximity to tertiary health facility. Low number of cases of other diagnostic findings can be due to lack of accessibility to an improved health center especially those in the rural areas and low population of people in the state. Early diagnosis should be done for effective management of these hematological disorders. Good family support and improved health care system with well trained personnel will help in management of the disease.