Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bayesian hierarchical approach and geophysical data sets for estimation of reactive facies over plume scales

A stochastic model is developed to integrate multiscale geophysical and point data sets for characterizing coupled subsurface physiochemical properties over plume‐relevant scales, which is desired for parameterizing reactive transport models. We utilize the concept of reactive facies, which is based on the hypothesis that subsurface units can be identified that have distinct reactive‐transport‐property distributions. To estimate and spatially distribute reactive facies and their associated properties over plume‐relevant scales, we need to (1) document the physiochemical controls on plume behavior and the correspondence between geochemical, hydrogeological, and geophysical measurements; and (2) integrate multisource, multiscale data sets in a consistent manner. To tackle these cross‐scale challenges, we develop a hierarchical Bayesian model to jointly invert various wellbore and geophysical data sets that have different resolutions and spatial coverage. We use Markov‐chain Monte‐Carlo sampling methods to draw many samples from the joint posterior distribution and subsequently estimate the marginal posterior distribution of reactive‐facies field and their associated reactive transport properties. Synthetic studies demonstrate that our method can successfully integrate different types of data sets. We tested the framework using the data sets collected at the uranium‐contaminated Savannah River Site F‐Area, including wellbore lithology, cone penetrometer testing, and crosshole and surface seismic data. Results show that the method can estimate the spatial distribution of reactive facies and their associated reactive‐transport properties along a 300 m plume centerline traverse with high resolution (1.2 m by 0.305 m).
A CHECKLIST OF THE WATER MITES OF FRANCE (ACARI: HYDRACHNIDIA)

A review is given of all species reported from France. In total, 420 species and seven subspecies have been found in France. The following synonyms are established: Atractides vandeli Angelier, Decamps and Rey as a synonym of A. phreaticus Motas and Tanasachi, Atractides fonticolus gallicus Angelier, Decamps and Rey as a synonym of A. spinipes Koch and Barbaxonella pilosa Angelier, Decamps and Rey as a synonym of B. angulata (K. Viets). The following species are reported for the first time: Atractides orghidani Motas and Tanasachi, Hydrachna goldfeldi Thor, Hydrodroma pilosa Besseling, Limnesia curvipalpis Tuzovskij, Limnesia undulatoides Davids, Piona ambigua (Piersig), Forelia curvipalpis K. Viets, Mideopsis roztoczensis Biesiadka and Kowalik, Arrenurus octagonus Halbert and Arrenurus tubulator (Muller). Moreover, Arrenurus affinis Koenike is reported for the first time with certainty. For each species, all references are given which contain geographical information about their occurrence in France. Numerous new records are given, especially of species from standing waters.
Creek temperatures in shaded reaches downstream of forestry activities, Central British Columbia

Removal of streamside vegetation often causes daytime increases in stream temperature, due to greater warming by solar radiation. Several studies have reported creeks subsequently cooling as they flow back into shade, but none have established the causal processes. Fisheries and Oceans Canada observed downstream cooling during several summers in two small streams (catchments of 0.5 1.5 km ) that were monitored as part of a multi-year study in the central interior of British Columbia. The purpose of this thesis was to use an energy balance framework to evaluate the physical processes responsible for the observed temperature patterns. Field investigations in July-August, 2000, showed that both streams continued to gain energy from the overlying atmosphere/vegetation on most afternoons as they flowed through the -200 m forested reaches. This effect only consistently resulted in measurable downstream warming in the upper section of the first reach, where groundwater did not contact the channel. Net inflow of groundwater in the lower section of the reach (-0.02 L s" m") sometimes caused rapid downstream cooling, depending on the magnitude of streamflow input at the head of the reach. The greatest downstream cooling (up to 4 °C) occurred when the streamflow input was <5 L s", because infiltration in the upper 150 m of the reach consumed the warmer streamwater from the upstream catchment. Modest inputs of groundwater (-0.002 L s" m") occurred throughout the second study reach, causing an estimated 0.5 °C cooling in the average daily creek temperature. Two-way exchanges of energy between the creek and its subsurface, driven by conduction, and possibly hyporheic exchange, were important influences on the daily temperature extremes. Heat appeared to be stored within the riparian zone during daytime and released to the stream at nighttime. Heat storage also affected the mean daily temperatures, apparently depending on the relative strengths of the daytime heat sink and nighttime heat source effects. This study adds to a growing recognition of the high spatial variability in environmental responses to forest management, even within small watersheds. A better understanding of the hydrology-temperature linkage is required for effective management of the thermal effects of forestry.
Glucose production in response to glucagon is higher in Surinamese children with severe malaria compared to children with severe pneumonia

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THE EFFECTS OF AIRPORT DUTY-FREE SHOP SERVICESCAPE ON EMOTIONAL RESPONSE AND LOYALTY WITH AN EMPHASIS ON THE MODERATING EFFECT OF GENDER

This study analyzed the servicescape of an airport duty-free shop in terms of its effects on emotional response, service value, customer satisfaction, customer trust, and loyalty. For this purpose, a survey was conducted targeting the users of airport duty-free shops. The results revealed that among servicescape factors, functionality, attractiveness, and convenience had positive effects on emotional response. Emotional response turned out to have an effect on service value and customer satisfaction, and service value had a significant effect on customer satisfaction. In addition, customer satisfaction had a significant effect on customer trust and loyalty, while customer trust had a significant effect on customer loyalty. When an additional analysis was carried out using gender as a moderating variable, functionality, amenities, and cleanliness were shown to have positive effects on emotional response among men, and functionality and attractiveness had positive effects on emotional response among women.
Fungal Systematics and Evolution

New species of Amanita subgen. Lepidella are described from Guyana. Amanita cyanochlorinosma sp. nov., Amanita fulvoalba sp. nov., and Amanita guyanensis sp. nov. represent the latest additions to the growing body of newly described ectomycorrhizal fungi native to Dicymbe-dominated tropical rainforests. Macroand micromorphological characters, habitat, and DNA sequence data for the ITS, nrLSU, rpb2, and ef1-α are provided for each taxon, and b-tubulin for most. Distinctive morphological features warrant the recognition of the three new species and a molecular phylogenetic analysis of taxa across Amanita subgen. Lepidella corroborates their infrageneric placements.
A new laboratory device for study of subglacial processes: first results on ice–bed separation during sliding

Abstract A new ring-shear device allows basal slip and related processes to be studied in laboratory experiments for the cases of hard or soft beds. The device rotates a confined ring of ice (0.9 m outside diameter) across a horizontal bed at a constant velocity or drag, while a vertical stress is applied and basal water pressure is controlled. A bath with circulating fluid regulated to ∼0.01°C surrounds the ice chamber and keeps the ice at its pressure-melting temperature. In a first experiment with a stepped rigid bed and zero basal water pressure, steady lengths of step cavities depended upon slip velocity raised to a power of 0.59, in general agreement with the square-root dependence of some models of sliding and linked-cavity hydraulics. Transient cavity growth after slip velocity increases was not monotonic, with damped volume oscillations that converged to a steady value. Once ice separated from lee surfaces, drag on the bed was constant and independent of slip velocity and cavity size, consistent with a shear-stress upper bound like that indicated by sliding models. Shear strains near the bed exceeded 30 and ice developed multiple-cluster c-axis fabrics similar to those of sheared ice in temperate glaciers.
Induction of somatic embryogenesis in recalcitrant sweetpotato ( Ipomoea batatas L . ) cultivars

Genetic transformation is considered as one of the most promising options for improvement of crop traits. Current transformation methods for sweetpotato depend on plant regeneration through organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration at a high frequency has been restricted to a few sweetpotato varieties. Three auxins namely: 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) and 4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) were investigated in this study for enhancing somatic embryogenesis from various plant organs of recalcitrant African sweetpotato cultivars. 2,4-D was found to be the best (p ≤ 0.05) for induction of embryogenic callus. Cultivar Bwanjule had the highest (20.2%) embryogenic callus frequency among the five African cultivars tested. The highest number of plants in this study was regenerated from the non-African cultivar variety Jonathan on media supplemented with 0.2 mg Zeatin. The emergence of roots from callus of recalcitrant Ugandan cultivars and the comparable high embryogenic responses in this work demonstrate the potential for regenerating plants from African cultivars that have not been regenerated before. The regeneration of roots in this work could be useful for the initiation of root cultures. The most important application of this work is in genetic transformation of sweet potato, particularly for improvement of resistance to weevils.
Predicate Informed Syntax-Guidance for Semantic Role Labeling

OF THE THESIS Predicate Informed Syntax-Guidance for Semantic Role Labeling by Sijia Wang Master of Science in Computer Science Washington University in St. Louis, May 2020 Research Advisor: Professor Brendan Juba In this thesis, we consider neural network approaches to the semantic role labeling task in semantic parsing. Recent state-of-the-art results for semantic role labeling are achieved by combining LSTM neural networks and pre-trained features. This work offers a simple BERT-based model which shows that, contrary to the popular belief that more complexity means better performance, removing LSTM improves the state of the art for span-based semantic role labeling. This model has improved F1 scores on both the test set of CoNLL-2012, and the Brown test set of CoNLL2005 by at least 3 percentage points. In addition to this refinement of existing architectures, we also propose a new mechanism. There has been an active line of research focusing on incorporating syntax information into the attention mechanism for semantic parsing. However, the existing models do not make use of which sub-clause a given token belongs to or where the boundary of the sub-clause lies. In this thesis, we propose a predicate-aware attention mechanism that explicitly incorporates the portion of the parsing spanning from the predicate. The proposed Syntax-Guidance (SG) mechanism further improves the model performance. We compare the predicate informed method with three other SG viii mechanisms in detailed error analysis, showing the advantage and potential research directions of the proposed method.
Large earthquake occurrence affected by small stress changes

Many observations suggest that relatively small changes in stress may trigger or inhibit earthquakes. This result is surprising because the perturbing stress is only a small fraction of the stress drop from the affected earthquake. We investigate this phenomenon by simulating the earthquake fault with a numerical model that is physically realistic. A fault is not homogeneous, and therefore, the failure criteria will vary over the surface of the fault. We model fault heterogeneity as simple Coulomb failure on smaller but mostly uniform areas that comprise the fault. As a result of multiple (and repeated) failures over these small areas, the fault can have a very uneven stored stress. We show that it is possible for small changes in confining stress of a few tenths of a bar to advance or retard the occurrence of large earthquakes by decades. Because such stress changes can be generated by nearby earthquakes, and over much longer time scales by postseismic strain diffusion from large distant earthquakes, estimates of the probabilities of earthquake occurrence must take into account these stress perturbations in order to be reliable.
Targeted drug delivery into reversibly injured myocardium with silica nanoparticles: surface functionalization, natural biodistribution, and acute toxicity

The clinical outcome of patients with ischemic heart disease can be significantly improved with the implementation of targeted drug delivery into the ischemic myocardium. In this paper, we present our original findings relevant to the problem of therapeutic heart targeting with use of nanoparticles. Experimental approaches included fabrication of carbon and silica nanoparticles, their characterization and surface modification. The acute hemodynamic effects of nanoparticle formulation as well as nanoparticle biodistribution were studied in male Wistar rats. Carbon and silica nanoparticles are nontoxic materials that can be used as carriers for heart-targeted drug delivery. Concepts of passive and active targeting can be applied to the development of targeted drug delivery to the ischemic myocardial cells. Provided that ischemic heart-targeted drug delivery can be proved to be safe and efficient, the results of this research may contribute to the development of new technologies in the pharmaceutical industry.
Determining Tourist Arrivals in Uganda: The Impact of Distance, Trade and Origin-Specific Factors

This study investigated the impact of origin-specific factors on Uganda’s tourist arrivals. Of the countries with visitors to Uganda, tourist numbers were as low as 28 from the Czech Republic in 2000, and as high as 220,000 from Kenya in 2004. Using panel data (2000-2004) and the gravity trade model, we estimated Uganda’s inbound tourist flows. According to results, Real GDP in the visitor’s country, distance, trade with Uganda, and exchange rates explained 73 percent of the variation in tourist arrivals. The greatest impact on tourist arrivals was distance (negative impact). Neighboring countries had significantly more visitors to Uganda, ceteris peribus. The number of visitors was significantly greater for countries with higher GDP. A country’s exports to Uganda (Uganda’s imports) had a positive effect on tourist arrivals. The effect of Uganda’s exports was smaller but still significantly positive. A relatively strong Ugandan shilling had a negative effect on tourist arrivals.
The Effects of a Laboratory Approaches on the Development of University Students' Science Process Skills and Conceptual Achievement

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects a laboratory based on the 7E learning cycle model with verification laboratory approach on university students’ development of science process skills and conceptual achievement. In this study the sample consisted of 81 freshman university students who were taking the General Physics Laboratory-I- course at the university in Türkiye. In this study pretest-posttest design with control group was used. The night class students (43) who took lower weighted standard points from university entrance exam (UEE) than day class students were selected as experimental group. Day class students (38) were selected as control group. Thus, this study was quasi-experimental in design. In order to assess hypotheses of study was used “Science Process Skills Test-SPST” and “Force Concept Inventory -FCI” to compare skills and conceptual achievement of control and experimental groups students. Both tools were given to both groups as pretest and posttest. Results of the analyses showed that there was a significant difference between the effect of verification laboratory approach and the laboratory approach based on 7E learning cycle model on development of students’ science process skills and conceptual achievement. The findings of study suggest that the the laboratory approach based on 7E learning cycle model applications are more effective than the traditional verification laboratory approach applications to development of students’ science process skills and remedy students’ misconceptions about force and motion.
The Cost of Trend Chasing and The Illusion of Momentum Profits

There is a large and growing literature documenting the relation between ex ante observable variables and stock returns. Importantly, much of the evidence on the relation between returns and observable variables like market capitalization, the ratio of price/book, and prior price change has been portrayed in the context of returns to simulated portfolio strategies. Often missing in these analyses is the distinction between realizable returns (i.e., the returns portfolio managers can realistically achieve in practice) and returns to simulated strategies. There is ample evidence that size and value strategies can be successfully implemented in practice; that is not the case for momentum strategies. This paper documents the costs of implementing actual momentum strategies. I examine the trade behavior, and the costs of those trades, for three distinct investor styles (momentum, fundamental/value, and diversified/index) for 33 institutional investment managers executing trades in the U.S. and 36 other equity markets worldwide in both developed and emerging economies. The results show: (1) that momentum traders do indeed condition their trades on prior price movements; and (2) that costs for trades that are made conditional on prior market returns are significantly greater than for unconditional costs, especially for momentum traders. The evidence that we report on the actual costs of momentum-based trades indicates that the returns reported in previous studies of simulated momentum strategies are not sufficient to cover the costs of implementing those strategies.
Nonuniformly Subelliptic Equations of Q − sub-Laplacian Type with Critical Growth in the Heisenberg Group ∗

Let Hn = R2n × R be the n−dimensional Heisenberg group, ∇Hn be its subelliptic gradient operator, and ρ (ξ) = ( |z| + t2 )1/4 for ξ = (z, t) ∈ Hn be the distance function in Hn. Denote H = Hn, Q = 2n + 2 and Q′ = Q/(Q − 1). Let Ω be a bounded domain with smooth boundary in H. Motivated by the Moser-Trudinger inequalities on the Heisenberg group, we study the existence of solution to a nonuniformly subelliptic equation of the form   − divH(a (ξ,∇Hu (ξ))) = f (ξ,u(ξ)) ρ(ξ)β + εh(ξ) in Ω u ∈ W 0 (Ω)\ {0} u ≥ 0 in Ω , where f : Ω × R → R behaves like exp ( α |u|Q ) when |u| → ∞. In the case of Q−subLaplacian   − divH ( |∇Hu| ∇Hu ) = f (ξ,u) ρ(ξ)β + εh(ξ) in Ω u ∈ W 0 (Ω)\ {0} u ≥ 0 in Ω , we will apply minimax methods to obtain multiplicity of weak solutions. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 42B37, 35J92, 35J62.
The Larval Ecology of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Three Topographical Areas of Southern Thailand

This study investigated the prevalence of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae in three topographical areas (i.e. mangrove, rice paddy and mountainous areas). Samples were collected from 300 households in nine districts. Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were found in 17 out of 26 types of water containers in mangrove, rice paddy and mountainous areas. Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus laid eggs in different container types depending on topographical areas. Ae. aegypti larvae were found most in preserved areca jars in mangrove and mountainous areas and in banana trees in rice paddy areas. Ae. albopictus larvae were found most in preserved areca jars in mangrove areas, in plant axils in rice paddy areas and in metal boxes in mountainous areas. Ae. albopictus larval indices were higher than Ae. aegypti larval indices in all three topographical areas. House index (HI) and Breteau index (BI) were not different in the three topographical areas but different between mosquito species. HI for both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in all three topographical areas were greater than 10%, which indicated high risk of DHF transmission in these areas.
Triceps skin fold thickness as a measure of body fat in Nigerian adolescents

Background: Skin fold thickness (SFT) at selected areas offers a simple method of subcutaneous fat assessment and provides a good estimate of obesity and body fat distribution. The triceps SFT has been shown to be one of the best and most popular sites for SFT measurement in children. Objective: To assess the body fat of school adolescents and to compare the performance of triceps SFT with Bioelectrical impedance method in the detection of overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) among the subjects Methods: The study was cross sectional; involving secondary school students within Sokoto metropolis. Subjects were selected by a multistage random sampling method. Harpenden skin fold caliper (ASSIST Creative Resources Ltd, LL13 9UG, UK) and Tanita Body fat scale (model UM-030, Tanita, UK Ltd; 2004) were used respectively to measure the triceps SFT and body fat content (%) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results: The mean triceps SFT values were 8.9mm (±4.7) for males and 12.9mm (±4.6) for the females (p<0.001). Mean % BF values were 8.2 ± 4.1% for the males, and 20.0 ± 6.8% for the females (p<0.001). The triceps SFT gave a prevalence of overweight of 2.5%, while that of obesity was 0.8%. With the BIA method, 2.5% of the subjects were classified as overweight and 1.7% as obese. Conclusion: Triceps SFT remain a fair surrogate for the assessment of adiposity, the component of overweight that leads to pathology.
Dissecting the PPP Puzzle: The Unconventional Roles of Nominal Exchange Rate and Price Adjustments

The conventional view, as expounded by sticky-price models, is that price adjustment determines the PPP reversion rate. This study examines the mechanism by which PPP deviations are corrected. Nominal exchange rate adjustment, not price adjustment, is shown to be the key engine governing the speed of PPP convergence. Moreover, nominal exchange rates are found to converge much more slowly than prices. With the reversion being driven primarily by nominal exchange rates, real exchange rates also revert at a slower rate than prices, as identified by the PPP puzzle (Rogoff, 1996).