Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 3rd AGILE Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes Catalog. Part II: Optimized Selection Criteria and Characteristics of the New Sample

We present in this work the third catalog of terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs) by the AGILE mission and the new search algorithm that was developed to produce it. We firstly introduce the new selection criteria, designed from the characteristics of WWLLN‐identified TGFs, and then applied on all data from March 2015 to September 2018. Association with sferics was performed by an independent search, described in a companion paper by Lindanger et al. (2020, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD031985). This search showed that many TGFs were not recognized by the existing selection algorithm, hence the need for this work. Several new selection criteria were tested and are compared in this paper. We then present the chosen selection criteria and the obtained sample, which includes 2,780 events and represents the most extensive TGF catalog available for the equatorial regions. Finally, we discuss the characteristics of this sample, including geographic distribution, intensity and duration, and seasonal variations.
Major clades and a revised classification of Magnolia and Magnoliaceae based on whole plastid genome sequences via genome skimming

With more than 300 species, the Magnoliaceae family represents a major Magnoliid lineage that is disjunctly distributed in Asia and the New World. The classification of Magnolia s.l. has been highly controversial among taxonomists, varying from one genus with several subgenera, sections, and subsections to several (up to 16) genera. We conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic study of Magnoliaceae on the basis of sequences of the complete chloroplast genomes with a broad taxon sampling of 86 species. The phylogenetic analyses strongly support 15 major clades within Magnolia s.l. due to the non‐monophyly of subgen. Magnolia, the previous subgeneric treatment that recognizes three subgenera, is not supported. Based on the phylogenetic, morphological, and geographic evidence, we recognize two subfamilies in Magnoliaceae: Liriodendroideae and Magnolioideae, each with one genus, Liriodendron and Magnolia, respectively. Magnolia is herein classified into 15 sections: sects. Magnolia, Manglietia, Michelia, Gwillimia, Gynopodium, Kmeria, Maingola, Oyama, Rytidospermum, Splendentes, Talauma, Tuliparia, Macrophylla, Tulipastrum, and Yulania.
The Role of the Circardian Clock in the Control of Plant Immunity in Arabidopsis Thaliana

The circadian clock regulates a wide range of biological processes, allowing plants to be prepared for predictable daily diurnal changes in environmental cues such as light and temperature. Recent studies have suggested that the circadian clock may also control plant immunity. The exact nature of the interaction between the circadian clock and plant pathogens remains unknown. Our focus in this study is on the elucidation of the role of the biological clock in plant immunity against the necrotrophic pathogen to Botrytis cinerea. In order to do this we tested the level of susceptibility to B. cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana wild type and transgenic plants: toc1, cca1/lhy, cca1/toc1, lhy/toc1, cca1/lhy/toc1, GLK1 OE, GLK2 OE, glk1, glk2, and glk1/glk2. We demonstrated that the time of infection plays a role in susceptibility to B. cinerea. Specifically, we found that plants are more susceptible to infection in the subjective morning. We also found that genetic mutations in core clock components or in GLK genes leads to changes in susceptibility to B. cinerea. Our data suggests that clock genes are not solely responsible for plant immune responses to B. cinerea but rather the ways in which the biological clock system regulates outcome pathways. Furthermore, when we entrain the biological clock by changing the photoperiod (day length) in normal earth conditions LD 24h and SD 24h, we observed that short day plants had higher susceptibility to B. cinerea than long day plants. In addition, when we entrain the biological clock in different photoperiods, the LD 30h photoperiod plants displayed similar responses as those in the SD 24h photoperiod. The data indicates that day length is not responsible for the control of plant immunity; it is the ability of light to entrain the biological clock that is important. Together, the data strongly support the conclusion that the circadian clock plays a role in plant defense regulation. THE ROLE OF THE CIRCADIAN CLOCK IN PLANT IMMUNITY iii
Study of bacterial pathogens causing chronic suppurative otitis media and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates at a tertiary care centre in Kochi

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a highly prevalent disease and commonly encountered in ENT OPD. It is a major health problem and occurs with a high incidence and prevalence in both developed and developing countries. It is defined as a disease condition of the middle ear cleft (eustachian tube, tympanic cavity and mastoid air cells) characterized by the presence of persistent perforation of the tympanic membrane with recurrent or persistent mucoid or mucopurulent discharge for at least eight weeks. Incidence of CSOM is higher in developing countries because of poor socioeconomic standards, nutrition and lack of health education. Both sexes and all age groups are affected. The overall prevalence rate in India is 46 and 16 persons per thousand in rural and urban population respectively. ABSTRACT
Investigation of rough rice drying in fixed and fluidized bed dryers utilizing dehumidified air as a drying agent

ABSTRACT* The high initial moisture content of freshly harvested rice accompanied by high relative humidity ambient air as well as no external heating source utilized for on-farm in-bin drying increase the risk of rice deterioration. Air dehumidification could be among the best management practices for rice drying in the high relative humidity environment. The current study aimed to explore the possibility of using silica gel to dehumidify the humid ambient air for drying rice in a fixed bed and fluidized bed. A dehumidification unit was added to the previously developed lab-scale fluidized bed dryer before the blower inlet to help dehumidify the moist inlet air. The effects of bed conditions, i.e., fixed or fluidized, dehumidification environment, i.e., with and without dehumidification, and air temperature; i.e., 40 °C or 60 °C on the dryer performance, were investigated. The fluidized bed dryer removed more moisture from rough rice as compared with a fixed bed dryer. Explicitly, under the conditions of a fluidized bed, no dehumidification and at 60 °C, the moisture removed was 1.5% moisture points more than under the same conditions for fixed bed. Dehumidifying the humid air removed between 0.2% and 1.6% moisture points from rough rice more than the environment of no dehumidification. Moisture content profile showed that about 87% to 90% of the moisture was removed during the first 30 minutes of the drying process. The maximum head rice yield achieved 66.7% during the drying in a fixed bed and with no dehumidification at 40 °C. However, it achieved its maximum of 64.6% during the drying in fluidized with dehumidification, and under 40 °C. The maximum rice whiteness of 41.8 was attained for fluidized with no dehumidification, and at 60 °C. The dryer energy consumption decreased with the use of air dehumidification techniques. Through this study, ambient air dehumidification using desiccant showed the noticeable potential to be used for on-farm in-bin ambient air drying, particularly during humid conditions. Highlights A fluidized bed drying system was modified to allow utilizing natural or dehumidified air as drying agents. The fluidized bed dryer removed more moisture from rough rice as compared with a fixed bed dryer. Dehumidification of the drying air had a positive effect on moisture removal. No clear trend was observed when rough rice was dried in a fixed bed or a fluidized bed as measured by head rice yield.
Comparative satisfaction among freelance and directly-employed Irish-language translators

This article reports results of a survey of government-accredited Irish language translators. The survey addresses a particular cohort of minority language translators in a particular linguistic context, where institutional demand for translation is growing. The survey may also be a useful basis for further work on translator job satisfaction. Participants in this survey were passionate about translation and about the Irish language, but conditions of employment clearly affected their concerns and perspectives regarding their profession. All translators report a strong sense of pride in their work, but freelance participants’ perceptions of purpose and fairness in work, payment, colleagues, and job security compare poorly to those of their full-time public service colleagues. Freelancers report that they struggle to work together in the face of falling rates, with some accepting low-paying jobs that are against their own and their colleagues’ best interests. Many of the freelance participants feel threatened by technology, the potential for machine translation to replace human translators, and their powerlessness regarding translations being repurposed for machine translation training. Responses show a fear of falling translation quality, a lack of translation talent, and the lack of an audience for translation. Participants tend to be negative about domestic Irish language policy but see policy at the EU-level to be beneficial, with forthcoming changes presenting an opportunity for skilled translators.
Effect of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate on germination, pollen viability and survival of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)

Induced mutation has been established as an important tool for improvement of certain traits in the existing germplasm. Mutations are of two types viz., natural and artificial or induced mutation. Frequency of natural mutation is very low and hence, artificial mutation with application of mutagens is followed to get better genetic variability. Various types of chemicals capable of inducing mutation in plants had been found out. They are ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS), diethyl sulphate (DES), ethylene imine (EI), hydroxyl amine (HA), n-nitroso-n-ethyl urea (NEU), nitrous acid (NA), sulphur mustard, 5-bromouracil, sodium azide (SA) etc. Among these, EMS is a potent mutagen belongs to the category of alkylating agents with a chemical formula C 2H5OSO 2CH. Its potential of inducing mutations was confirmed in Drosophila , Neurospora , bacteria and in some of higher plants. Among physical mutagens, ionizing gamma rays are capable of inducing mutation in plants and animals. They are the electromagnetic radiations similar to X-rays in their physical nature and action on the organism. Most of the gamma rays have wavelength less than 0.01A 0 as compared to 0.5A 0 in X-rays. Considerable progress has been made on induce mutations of okra [Abelmoskhus esulentus (L.) Moench] for improvement of their certain characters, but detailed studies are lacking. The characters like germination, pollen sterility, and mortality are much affected by mutagenic treatment. Therefore, an attempt has been made to study the effect of mutagenic treatment on biological characters of okra in M1 and M 2 generations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was conducted in RBD with three replications at the Experimental Farm of the Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani during kharif 2010 and summer 2011. Two mutagens, gamma rays (15 kR, 30 kR, 45 kR and 60 kR) and ethyl methane sulphonate (0.2 %. 0.4 %, 0.6 %, 0.8 %, and 1.0 %) were used here. For each treatment five hundred seeds of okra variety Parbhani Kranti were irradiated with Co 60 gamma rays at BARC, Trombay,
Narrating Whiteness: A Qualitative Exploration of How White College Students Construct and Give Meaning to Their Racial Location

Abstract:The purpose of this study was to explore how white college students construct and give meaning to their racial locations through the act of storytelling. Guided by narrative inquiry and grounded in critical whiteness studies, the results of this study highlight 3 constructions of whiteness that illuminate understandings of the racial self, the racial self in relation to People of Color, and systems of racism and white supremacy. Implications for engaging white students on race, racism, and whiteness are offered.
Joint Semi-Supervised Feature Auto-Weighting and Classification Model for EEG-Based Cross-Subject Sleep Quality Evaluation

Measuring the sleep quality is important or even crucial for people who are engaged in dangerous jobs such as the high-speed train drivers. Since the scalp EEG data are generated by the neural activities of the brain cortex, it is collected from subjects with different hours of sleep time (4 hours, 6 hours and 8 hours) to conduct sleep quality evaluation. To suppress the cross-subject variances of EEG data, in this paper, we propose a joint feature auto-weighting and semi-supervised classification model, termed GRLSR, which is formulated by introducing an auto-weighting variable into the least square regression to adaptively and quantitatively measure the importance of each dimension of the feature. Once the model is solved, besides the measurement results, we can use the auto-weighting variable to 1) analyze the importance of each frequency band in sleep quality expression and 2) identify the capacity of different channels connecting to the sleep effect. Therefore, the proposed GRLSR is a pure data-driven computing model for EEG-based cross-subject sleep quality evaluation. Experimental results show its effectiveness.
THE INFLUENCES OF FINANCIAL, ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT TOWARDS WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR’S PERFORMANCE

The aim of this research is to find out the influence of source of finance, entrepreneurial education, and social support towards business performance of women SMEs in Jakarta area. A total of 146 valid online questionnaires were obtained to test used SPSS ver.25. Financial, Entrepreneurship Education, and Social Support are the independent variables while Women Entrepreneurs’ Performance is the dependent variable. The questionnaire used Likert scale (1) Strongly Disagree – (5) Strongly Agree) with the snowball sampling method in Jakarta area only. Data analysis is done through validity and reliability test, followed by classic assumption test as well as multiple regression, both to confirm the hypotheses. The result confirms that source of finance, entrepreneurial education, and social support influence significantly on the performance of women SMEs.
Electrical Conductivity of Clinopyroxene‐NaCl‐H2O System at High Temperatures and Pressures: Implications for High‐Conductivity Anomalies in the Deep Crust and Subduction Zone

Electrical conductivities of the clinopyroxene (Cpx)‐NaCl‐H2O system with various salinities (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 wt%) and fluid fractions (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 vol%) were measured at 1 GPa and 673–973 K. For comparison with electrical properties of the Cpx‐NaCl‐H2O system, the conductivities of dry Cpx, hydrous Cpx, and a Cpx‐H2O system were researched at the same temperature and pressure. The experimental results included (1) the electrical conductivities of all samples that were associated with Cpx and the temperatures conform to the Arrhenius relationship that is used to fit the activation enthalpy, which decreased with increasing salinity (mass fraction of NaCl in saline fluids) and fluid fraction (volume fraction of saline fluids in the Cpx‐NaCl‐H2O system); (2) at a fixed fluid fraction of 10 vol%, the conductivities of the Cpx‐NaCl‐H2O system increased slightly with an increase in salinity, and the gap between the conductivities of the systems with 5 and 25 wt% saline fluids was approximately 1 order of magnitude; (3) at a fixed salinity of 5 wt%, the conductivity of the Cpx‐NaCl‐H2O system with 25 vol% saline fluids was approximately 1.5 orders of magnitude higher than that of the system with 5 vol% saline fluids. Furthermore, it was proposed that the unusually high conductivities of southern Tibetan Plateau, Dabie Orogen, Grenville province and central New Zealand can be caused by clinopyroxene with interconnected saline fluids with corresponding salinities and fluid fractions.
Seed Priming Improves Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Isatis indigotica Fort. under Salt Stress

The effects of CaCl2, GA3, and H2O2 priming on Isatis indigotica Fort. seed germination characteristics, seedling growth parameters, and antioxidant enzyme activities under salt stress were investigated. NaCl had an adverse effect on the germination and seedling performance of I. indigotica. However, these three priming agents alleviated salt stress by increasing the germination percentage, improving seed vigor, accelerating germination velocity, and establishing strong seedlings. The optimal concentrations were 15 g/L for CaCl2, 0.2 g/L for GA3, and 40 mm for H2O2. Seed priming treatments enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in seedlings, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), under a salt environment, which reduced the oxidative injury caused by salt. Seed priming is a promising technique that can enhance the ability of I. indigotica seed germination when salt is present.
Investigation of Potential-Induced Degradation in Bifacial n-PERL Modules

A potential-induced degradation (PID) test method for bifacial double-glass silicon modules is first recommended for studying PID effects at the particular side of interest (the front or rear). This could be achieved by maintaining the same electric potential between solar cells and the untargeted module surface. Using the recommended test method, PID effects on the rear of n-type bifacial passivated emitter rear locally-diffused (bifacial n-PERL) devices (n-base passivated with silicon nitride) are studied. The rear of the n-PERL modules exhibits excellent stability under negative-bias conditions (relative to the ground). However, a huge power loss is observed when they are stressed with + 1000 V, likely due to PID-polarization occurring at the rear. The PID damage is recoverable by illuminating the rear module surface with artificial light. Most of the power loss can even be regenerated by several flashes on the module rear side from a solar simulator.
Challenges and conservation implications of Polylepis woodlands in the Andean region: Defining actions for sustainable management

Abstract Polylepis species represent one of the most important and endemic woodlands of the mid- and high-elevation regions of the Andean Cordillera. I provide a review of the current situation of Polylepis woodlands, discuss the potential effects of various conservation measures and consider the likely impact of climate change on tree phenology and tree regeneration, aiming to foster the conservation and sustainable management of these woodlands through proper environmental planning. I argue that in addition to the delineation and extension of protected areas, it is essential to incorporate actions such as forestation, forest policies, environmental education and local community participation. To be effective, conservation measures should be implemented in an international transdisciplinary research framework and in harmony with site-specific conditions. Finally, given the likely but uncertain influences of climate change on Polylepis woodlands, further research (and communication of that research) is needed to improve forest management strategies and research priorities for the Andean region.
Marginalized Identity Invocation Online: The Case of President Donald Trump on Twitter

Political communication about marginalized groups takes many forms, but none are more influential in the present moment than those that circulate via social media. This article takes two steps to better understand this important form of communication. First, it offers a four-part conceptual framework for studying marginalized identity invocation. It then pairs quantitative content analysis with critical/cultural analysis to examine the census of Donald Trump’s tweets during his first two years as president. Focusing especially on tonal variation in Trump’s tweets about different marginalized groups, we situate our findings in relation to the noteworthy power dynamics inherent in this variety of communication.
The role of JAM-C in innate leukocyte migration and the immune response to Leishmania major infection

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted to humans through sand fly bites. Clinical symptoms vary from self-healing cutaneous lesions to death. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is particularly studied in mice inoculated with Leishmania major. In this model, some strains (e.g. C57BL/6) are resistant due to a Th1 immune response promoting parasite killing. Conversely, other strains (e.g. BALB/c) are susceptible due to a nonprotective Th2 response. DCs are professional antigen-presenting cells that educate antigen-specific T cells. Improving the migration of DCs from the site of infection to the lymph nodes, where T cells reside, may improve the T cell response. JAM-C is a vascular adhesion molecule implicated in leukocyte migration in different inflammatory models. We found that JAM-C blockade with antibodies increases vascular permeability and consequently improves the migration of DCs to sites of infection and draining lymph nodes. This increased leukocyte migration boosted the induction of the Th1 response in resistant mice, while in susceptible mice the Th2 response was augmented. This led to disease improvement or exacerbation, respectively. Our results illustrate the key role of a vascular adhesion molecule in controlling leukocyte migration and the subsequent immune events in response to pathogen infections.