Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing pulmonary function and arterial blood gas readings through immediate chest physiotherapy among extubated patients in ICU

Objective To examine the effect of immediate chest physiotherapy (ICPT) on pulmonary function and arterial blood gases among extubated patients. Method This prospective study enrolled patients aged 20–60 years who had been intubated for 48 h. They were randomly assigned to either a control or study group. The study group received ICPT by trained critical care nurses and physiotherapists, which included early mobilization, breathing exercises and airway clearance. The control group received standard nursing chest care (positioning, oral and endotracheal suctioning) without ICPT. Researchers evaluated participants using pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gas tests and mechanical ventilation parameters. Results The study enrolled 70 patients. There were no significant differences in the sociodemographic characteristics and medical data before intubation between the two groups except for preparatory education. After extubation, the vital capacity was significantly higher in the study group compared with the control group. There were also significant differences between the two groups in other lung function tests and arterial blood gas tests. After extubation, the total lung capacity, functional residual capacity and residual volume were significantly higher in the study group compared with the control group. Conclusion The use of ICPT improved both pulmonary function and arterial blood gases.
Assessment of Green-Lipped Mussel Perna Viridis (Linnaeus) As a Biomonitoring Agent of Cadmium, Copper, Mercury, Lead and Zinc for the West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Sediment samples (46 sites) and green-lipped mussels Perna viridis (L.) (19 sites) from the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia were sampled between 1998 and 2001 and were analyzed for Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn. The mean levels of the metals in the west coast (offshore: intertidal) sediments were 0.75 ± 0.06 : 0.86 ± 0.11 µg/g dry weight (dw) for Cd, 4.27 ± 0.36 : 29.22 ± 8.84 µg/g dw for Cu, 38.87 ± 2.93 : 60.10 ± 9.47 µg/g dw for Hg, 17.36 ± 0.99 : 23.32 ± 3.39 µg/g dw for Pb and 37.22 ± 2.01 : 84.64 ± 12.62 µg/g dw for Zn. The metal levels in the soft tissues (ST) of P. viridis were found to be 0.25-1.35 µg/g dw for Cd, 6.31-20.21 µg/g dw for Cu, 20.00-152.00 µg/g dw for Hg, 1.27-8.76 ug/g dw for Pb and 53.82-135.50 µg/g dw for Zn. All these metal levels were relatively low in comparison with previously published regional data. In general, the metal levels were higher in the intertidal sediment than in the offshore sediment. Geochemical studies in the sediments revealed that about 58.6 : 57.7% for Cd, 53.3 : 46.3% for Cll, 72.6 : 54.3% for Pb and 34.5 : 48.7% for Zn, in the offshore and intertidal sediments, respectively, were most likely due to anthropogenic sources. Localized elevations of heavy metals in a few locations indicated that the offshore and intertidal areas of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia were likely to have received anthropogenic metals. By using the protein level a1lozyme approach, the genetic differentiation among the different geographical populations of this species fell within the range for conspecific populations. Since P. viridis populations are sedentary, widely distributed in the west coastal area of Peninsular Malaysia and have low genetic differentiation, the species generally is a good biomonitoring agent for heavy metals in the area. The mussel P. viridis collected from the field also showed that the metal concentrations in its total ST were positively and significantly (P< 0.05) correlated with Cd, eu and Pb in the environment as represented by the sediment samples. The suitability of P. viridis as a biomonitoring agent for heavy metals was experimentally studied. The results of the laboratory experiments showed that the ST of P. viridis was readily capable of accumulating heavy metals especially Cd, Pb and Hg to elevated levels. Depuration studies also showed that the metal levels in different STs were significantly (P< 0.05) correlated with those of the seawater. By using endpoints mortality, filtration rate (FR) and condition index (CI), P. viridis was found to be a sensitive but tolerant organism to Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. The byssus (BYS) of P. viridis was found to be a sensitive biomonitoring tool for Zn whereas its total shell was a good biomonitoring material for Cd and Pb. Allozyme polymorphism of P. viridis was found to be a potential biomarker for metal contamination. Simple indicators (aerial exposure and shell deformities of P. viridis) for heavy metal pollution were also identified.
Use of a hydrologic mixing model to examine the roles of meltwater, precipitation and groundwater in the Langtang River basin, Nepal

Abstract Understanding the hydrology of glacierized catchments is an important step in assessing the vulnerability of water resources to a changing climate. While there have been increased efforts recently to understand the dynamics of Asia's cryosphere, glacier melt dynamics and hydrograph separation of river discharge are open questions. A multi-year, multi-seasonal dataset of water chemistry from the Langtang Valley, Nepal, is used to explore water sources and flow paths that contribute to Langtang River discharge. Differences in hydrochemistry of samples from debris-free Khimsung Glacier and debris-covered Lirung Glacier demonstrate the effect of debris cover on glacier outflow. Additional data show seasonal transitions in the composition of Langtang River discharge. End-member mixing analysis (EMMA) using geochemical and isotopic tracers suggests that reacted meltwater contributes the majority of flow during most of the year, with the exception of the summer when unreacted meltwater and precipitation dominate streamflow. We hypothesize our dataset is missing characteristic monsoon water and utilize a Late May river sample as a proxy for precipitation-influenced groundwater in the EMMA. Results offer insight into the plausibility of flow sources and pathways in the basin.
Preliminary evaluation of a scenario-based nutrition literacy online programme for college students: a pilot study

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate a scenario-based nutrition literacy (NL) online programme for Taiwanese college students. Design: A randomised pilot trial design was used in this study. Setting: The study was conducted at a university in Taiwan. The intervention consisted of a five-unit web-based NL programme including videos of real-life scenario-based stories, situational analysis teaching and after-unit quizzes. Theme-related website information and smartphone apps (both iOS and Android systems) were offered for reference in every unit. The NL measure consisted of a self-rated scale, a scenario-based test and a healthy eating behaviour survey. Paired sample t-tests and ANCOVA were performed to test the effects on NL and healthy eating behaviour. Participants: Participants were ninety-eight students, with a retention rate of 98 %. The ratio of men to women was 0·2:1. Most students were freshmen (48 %). Results: Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed significant post-intervention improvements in the NL and healthy eating behaviours after controlling for pretest scores. Conclusions: This pilot study offers preliminary evidence of the potential positive effects of implementing a scenario-based NL online programme for college students. It offers a possibly novel strategy to enhance health-promoting behaviours in Taiwanese universities. Further research with larger sample sizes and more rigorous designs is warranted to confirm and build upon these initial findings.
Height of non‐Hispanic white adults with homeostatic iron regulator HFE genotypes p.C282Y/p.C282Y and wt/wt

Abstract Background We sought to evaluate height in white adults with hemochromatosis. Methods We analyzed the height of (1) post‐screening examination participants with HFE p.C282Y/p.C282Y (rs1800562) and wt/wt (absence of p.C282Y and p.H63D (rs1799945)) and (2) referred hemochromatosis probands with p.C282Y/p.C282Y. Results There were 762 participants (270 p.C282Y/p.C282Y, 492 wt/wt; 343 men, 419 women) and 180 probands (104 men, 76 women). Median height of male participants with p.C282Y/p.C282Y or wt/wt was 177.8 cm. Median height of female participants was greater in those with p.C282Y/p.C282Y than wt/wt (165.1 cm vs 162.6 cm, respectively; p = 0.0298). Median height of p.C282Y/p.C282Y participants and probands was the same (men 177.8 cm; women 165.1 cm). Regressions on height of male and female participants revealed no associations with HFE genotype and inverse and positive associations with age and weight, respectively. Height of female participants was positively and inversely associated with transferrin saturation and serum ferritin, respectively. Regressions on height of male and female probands revealed positive associations with weight. Conclusions The height of men with HFE p.C282Y/p.C282Y and wt/wt does not differ significantly. The height of female participants was greater in those with p.C282Y/p.C282Y than wt/wt. We found no independent association of HFE genotype with the height of men or women.
Simulation models for estimating productivity and trade-offs in the data-limited fisheries of New South Wales, Australia

ii Table of contents . iii List of tables.vi List of figures.viii Acknowledgements.xi Dedication . xiii Chapter 1. General introduction.1 Context . 1 Background . 1 Fisheries off the coast of New South Wales.16 Aims of the project . 20 Figures.23 Chapter 2. An age-structured model with leading management parameters, incorporating age-specific selectivity and maturity . 26 Introduction . 26 Population model with MSY and UMSY as leading parameters . 29 Equilibrium properties: relationships between life history, density dependence and UMSY.33 Bayesian estimation of MSY and UMSY.34 Results . 36 Discussion . 37 Acknowledgements . 41 Tables . 42 Figures.43 Chapter 3. Extension of a meta-analysis of 54 fish stocks for evaluating effects of life history, selectivity and density dependence on optimal harvest rate UMSY . 47 Introduction . 47 Methods.50 Deriving UMSY for 54 Atlantic stocks . 50 Uncertainty in parameter values . 53 Effect of selectivity on UMSY . 53 Results . 54 Derived estimates of UMSY.54 Relationship between density dependence, SPR0 and UMSY.55 Relative effects of selectivity . 57 Discussion . 60 Acknowledgements . 65 Tables . 67 Figures.73
Heart failure with severely reduced ejection fraction after liver transplantation: a case report and review of the literature

ABSTRACT Background Liver transplantation (LT) is a strenuous event for the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular events (CVE), including heart failure (HF), arrhythmias and myocardial ischemia, are important causes of peri- and post-liver transplantation morbidity and mortality. Case presentation We describe the case of a 45-year-old male patient who developed heart failure with severely reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) after receiving liver transplantation (LT) for end-stage post-alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) demonstrated borderline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 50% and diastolic dysfunction grade 2. On coronary angiography, the patient had no coronary stenoses. Persistent vasopressor need, increasing creatinine levels and progressive pleural effusion characterized the early postoperative period. TTE on postoperative day 6 revealed a new finding of a markedly reduced LVEF of 15%, accompanied by a discrete increase in hs-TnI and CK-MB without electrocardiographic (ECG) ST-T abnormalities. LVEF did not recover completely (EF 45%) during follow-up. The patient had a sudden death 4.5 months post-liver transplantation. Conclusion Our case demonstrates that the risk of post-LT systolic dysfunction is not excluded by preoperative resting examinations within normal range and highlights the need for preoperative cardiac stress assessment (e.g. dobutamine echocardiography or stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging) before LT. In addition, patients on a liver-transplant waiting list with cardiac dysfunction should be followed by a multidisciplinary team including a dedicated cardiology team experienced in managing liver-related cardiac pathology.
Narrowing the Gap between Zero- and Few-shot Machine Translation by Matching Styles

Large language models trained primarily in a monolingual setting have demonstrated their ability to generalize to machine translation using zero- and few-shot examples with in-context learning. However, even though zero-shot translations are relatively good, there remains a discernible gap comparing their performance with the few-shot setting. In this paper, we investigate the factors contributing to this gap and find that this gap can largely be closed (for about 70%) by matching the writing styles of the target corpus. Additionally, we explore potential approaches to enhance zero-shot baselines without the need for parallel demonstration examples, providing valuable insights into how these methods contribute to improving translation metrics.
MuSHRoom: Multi-Sensor Hybrid Room Dataset for Joint 3D Reconstruction and Novel View Synthesis

Metaverse technologies demand accurate, real-time, and immersive modeling on consumer-grade hardware for both non-human perception (e.g., drone/robot/autonomous car navigation) and immersive technologies like AR/VR, requiring both structural accuracy and photorealism. However, there exists a knowledge gap in how to apply geometric reconstruction and photorealism modeling (novel view synthesis) in a unified framework. To address this gap and promote the development of robust and immersive modeling and rendering with consumer-grade devices, we propose a real-world Multi-Sensor Hybrid Room Dataset (MuSHRoom). Our dataset presents exciting challenges and requires state-of-the-art methods to be cost-effective, robust to noisy data and devices, and can jointly learn 3D reconstruction and novel view synthesis instead of treating them as separate tasks, making them ideal for real-world applications. We benchmark several famous pipelines on our dataset for joint 3D mesh reconstruction and novel view synthesis. Our dataset and benchmark show great potential in promoting the improvements for fusing 3D reconstruction and high-quality rendering in a robust and computationally efficient end-to-end fashion. The dataset and code are available at the project website: https://xuqianren.github. io/publications/MuSHRoom/.
An algorithmic framework for synthetic cost-aware decision making in molecular design

Small molecules exhibiting desirable property profiles are often discovered through an iterative process of designing, synthesizing, and testing sets of molecules. The selection of molecules to synthesize from all possible candidates is a complex decision-making process that typically relies on expert chemist intuition. We propose a quantitative decision-making framework, SPARROW, that prioritizes molecules for evaluation by balancing expected information gain and synthetic cost. SPARROW integrates molecular design, property prediction, and retrosynthetic planning to balance the utility of testing a molecule with the cost of batch synthesis. We demonstrate through three case studies that the developed algorithm captures the non-additive costs inherent to batch synthesis, leverages common reaction steps and intermediates, and scales to hundreds of molecules. SPARROW is open source and can be found at http://github.com/coleygroup/sparrow.
Instructed Language Models with Retrievers Are Powerful Entity Linkers

Generative approaches powered by large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated emergent abilities in tasks that require complex reasoning abilities. Yet the generative nature still makes the generated content suffer from hallucinations, thus unsuitable for entity-centric tasks like entity linking (EL) requiring precise entity predictions over a large knowledge base. We present Instructed Generative Entity Linker (INSGENEL), the first approach that enables casual language models to perform entity linking over knowledge bases. Several methods to equip language models with EL capability were proposed in this work, including (i) a sequence-to-sequence training EL objective with instruction-tuning, (ii) a novel generative EL framework based on a light-weight potential mention retriever that frees the model from heavy and non-parallelizable decoding, achieving 4$\times$ speedup without compromise on linking metrics. INSGENEL outperforms previous generative alternatives with +6.8 F1 points gain on average, also with a huge advantage in training data efficiency and training compute consumption. In addition, our skillfully engineered in-context learning (ICL) framework for EL still lags behind INSGENEL significantly, reaffirming that the EL task remains a persistent hurdle for general LLMs.
Electroweak baryogenesis, dark matter, and dark CP-symmetry

With the motivation of explaining the dark matter and achieving the electroweak baryogenesis via the spontaneous CP-violation at high temperature, we propose a complex singlet scalar ($S=\frac{\chi+i\eta_s}{\sqrt{2}}$) extension of the two-Higgs-doublet model respecting a discrete dark CP-symmetry: $S\to -S^*$. The dark CP-symmetry guarantees $\chi$ to be a dark matter candidate on one hand and on the other hand allows $\eta_s$ to have mixings with the pseudoscalars of the Higgs doublet fields, which play key roles in generating the CP-violation sources needed by the electroweak baryogenesis at high temperature. The universe undergoes multi-step phase transitions, including a strongly first-order electroweak phase transition during which the baryon number is produced. At the present temperature, the observed vacuum is produced and the CP-symmetry is restored so that the stringent electric dipole moment experimental bounds are satisfied. Considering relevant constraints, we study the simple scenario of $m_{\chi}$ around the Higgs resonance region, and find that the dark matter relic abundance and the baryon asymmetry can be simultaneously explained. Finally, we briefly discuss the gravitational wave signatures at future space-based detectors and the LHC signatures.
Exchange energy of the ferromagnetic electronic ground-state in a monolayer semiconductor

Mobile electrons in the semiconductor monolayer-MoS$_2$ form a ferromagnetic state at low temperature. The Fermi sea consists of two circles, one at the $K$-point, the other at the $\tilde{K}$-point, both with the same spin. Here, we present an optical experiment on gated MoS$_2$ at low electron-density in which excitons are injected with known spin and valley quantum numbers. The resulting trions are identified using a model which accounts for the injection process, the formation of antisymmetrized trion states, electron-hole scattering from one valley to the other, and recombination. The results are consistent with a complete spin polarization. From the splittings between different trion states, we measure the exchange energy, $\Sigma$, the energy required to flip a single spin within the ferromagnetic state, as well as the intervalley Coulomb exchange energy, $J$. We determine $\Sigma=11.2\,$meV and $J=5\,$meV at $n=1.5 \times 10^{12}\,$cm$^{-2}$, and find that $J$ depends strongly on the electron density, $n$.
Tunable defect engineering of Mo/TiON electrode in angstrom-laminated HfO2/ZrO2 ferroelectric capacitors towards long endurance and high temperature retention.

A novel defect control approach based on laminated HfO2/ZrO2 with multifunctional TiN/Mo/TiOxNy electrode is proposed to significantly improve the endurance and data retention in HZO-based ferroelectric capacitor. The O-rich interface reduces leakage current and prolong the endurance up to 1E11 cycles while retaining a 2Pr value of 34 (μC/cm^2) at 3.4MV/cm. Using first-principles calculations and experiments, we demonstrate that the enhancement of endurance is ascribed to the higher migration barrier of oxygen vacancies within the laminated HZO film and higher work function of MoOx/TiOxNy between top electrode and the insulating oxide. This 2.5-nm-thick TiOxNy barrier further increase the grain size of HZO, lowering the activation field and thus improving polarization reversal speed. This interfacial layer further decreases the overall capacitance, increases the depolarization field, thereby enhancing the data retention. By fitting the data using the Arrhenius equation, we demonstrate a 10-year data retention is achieved at 109.6 °C, surpassing traditional SS-HZO of 78.2 °C with a 450°C RTA (required by backend-of-the-line). This work elucidates that interfacial engineering serves as a crucial technology capable of resolving the endurance, storage capability, and high-temperature data retention issues for ferroelectric memory.
Investigations on the properties and estimation of earth response operators from EM sounding data

This thesis comprises 6 separate studies, of problems associated with the Magnetotelluric and Audio-magnetotelluric crustal sounding method, arranged in the form of four chapters and one appendix. Following an introduction to the thesis, the first chapter is concerned with the problem of recovering the geoelectric structural directions and dimensionality, from the observed magnetotelluric Earth response tensors (operators), using a group theoretical approach. The Earth response opeoperators are described with a SU(2) symmetry, which permits their analysis in three spatial dimensions, and provides an efficient and precise parameter estimation procedure. An application of the theory to actual magnetotelluric data is presented and discussed. The second chapter comprises two parts. The first part is a discussion of the magnetotelluric response operator theory, from a time domain perspective. Some relationships derived from the time domain considerations are compared with existing (frequency domain) theory, and the implications of the comparisons are pointed out and discussed. The second part, comprises a spectral study of magnetotelluric field (data) and noise interactions, using the poweful high resolution Maximum Entropy (MAXENT) spectral analysis method, with emphasis on cultural (anthropogenic) noise interference. The results are compared to conventional (FFT based) estimation procedure. The comparisons allow some useful observations to be made, about distortions that are undetectable by conventional estimation methods; these are pointed out and discussed in detail. A method to smooth distorted high resolution response functions is also presented. Chapter 3 is concerned with the problem of eliminating the harmonic ( 150Hz') part of the of the anthropogenic noise; a number of potentially useful methods are presented and discussed. Chapter four is concerned with the problem of eliminating the random part (transient stray currents) of anthropogenic noise. A spectral procedure, based on MAXENT, that involves the analysis of short data series is discussed. Two time domain data screening