Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nicotina tobacum (Linnaeus) on the survival and behavioral response of the freshwater leeches, Hirudinaria sp.

We investigated the efficacy of Nicotina tobacum as an anti-parasitic chemical to freshwater leeches of the genus Hirudinea, by assessing their behavioral and survival responses to different concentrations and ages of N. tobacum (i.e. 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5 and 20.0 g L -1) at 25±1oC. We observed longer escape time from freshly prepared tobacco solutions compared to 1- day 2- day and 3- day-old solutions, suggesting a gradual degradation of nicotine toxicity with time. The percentage survival decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing concentrations of N. tobacum and exposure time. Concentrations of 15.0, 17.5 and 20.0 g L-1 recorded highest hazard ratios and low survival rates of leeches. The lethal concentration (LC50) and time (LT50) at which 50 % of leeches died were 15.0 gL-1 and 73 min respectively. This finding can be applied to control leeches, which are potential human disease vectors in aquatic ecosystems. Further investigations should target effects of nicotine on cultured animals and water quality parameters.
Species of Diaporthe on Camellia and Citrus in the Azores Islands.

Species of Diaporthe are important plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a wide range of plant hosts. Species such as D . citri are well-known on Citrus , as agents of pre- or post-harvest infections, causing dieback, melanose and stem-end rot on fruit. In this study we explored the occurrence and diversity of Diaporthe associated with tropical and sub-tropical plants. In particular, species of Camellia and Citrus were sampled. Surveys were carried out during 2017 in the Azores Islands, Portugal. Ten Diaporthe strains were isolated from symptomatic twigs and leaves. Five representative isolates were subjected to morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogeny based on five genomic loci (ITS, tef1 , cal , his3 and tub2 ). Diaporthe citri was found associated with shoot blight on Citrus reticulata , which represents a new record for Europe. A new species, Diaporthe portugallica sp. nov. was isolated and described from leaf spots on Camellia sinensis .
Nitrogen use efficiency and drought tolerant ability of various sugarcane varieties under drought stress at early growth stage

ABSTRACT The experiment was conducted under glasshouse conditions to evaluate nitrogen use efficiency and drought tolerant ability of the five different sugarcane varieties (including NiF3, Ni9, Ni17, Ni21 and Ni22) under early growth stage from 60 to 120 days after transplanting. The results showed drought stress reduced the photosynthetic rate, growth parameters including plant height, leaf area; partial and total dry weights; and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) traits including photosynthetic NUE, nitrogen utilization efficiency and biomass NUE of measured sugarcane varieties. The significant differences were found among varieties in growth parameters, dry weights, NUE traits and drought tolerant index (DTI). The significant positive correlations among NUE traits and DTI suggested higher NUEs could support better a tolerant ability to drought stress at the early growth stage. Because of larger contributions, DTIs for aboveground and stalk dry weight could be used as the important DTIs to evaluate drought tolerant ability in sugarcane varieties. Abbreviations A max: potential photosynthetic rate; DAT: days after transplanting; DTI: drought tolerant index; NL: specific leaf nitrogen content; NUE: nitrogen use efficiency; NUEb: biomass nitrogen use efficiency; NUEt: nitrogen utilization efficiency; PNUE: photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency; TN: total nitrogen content; TNU: total nitrogen uptake; WW: well-watered; DS: water stress.
The Effect of Rootstocks on the Peel Phenolic Compounds of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu)

The aim of this study was to determine total flavonoids and individually flavanone glycosides as well as antioxidant capacity in peel of Satsuma mandarin(Citrus unshiu) on different rootstocks. On other hand, the purpose of this study was to identify the rootstock that could produce the highest amount of flavonoids.Total flavonoids content was measured using aluminum chloride colorimetric method, whereas Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method was used to determine the total phenols content. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using reducing scavenging assays of DPPH radicals. HPLC-PDA detection was used for the analysis of individual flavanone glycosides (narirutin, naringin and hesperidin). The results showed that, the highest individually flavanone glycosides (27.73 mg/g DW), total flavonoids (10.74 mg/g DW), total phenol (3.91 mg/g DW) and DPPH scavenging activity (60.00 mg/g DW) were in the peel of Satsuma mandarin grafting on the flying dragon rootstock. According to results, the amount of phenolic acids (0.36 mg/g DW) of Satsuma mandarin grafted on trifoliate orange was higher than those of other rootstocks. Among the flavonone glycosides, hesperidin was determined in the highest concentration in all investigated peels. The results of correlation showed that there were a high positive correlation between the amount of total flavonoids and total phenols. Results showed that rootstock had an important role in increasing of concentration flavonoids, as well as antioxidant capacity. Finally based on the obtained results it can be concluded that although the concentration of flavonoid compounds is strongly related to the genotype of fruit, it seems that rootstocks affect the amount of flavonoids in the fruit.
Covid-19 and Remote Work: An Early Look at Us Data

We report the results of a nationally-representative sample of the US population during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey ran in two waves from April 1-5, 2020 and May 2-8, 2020. Of those employed pre-COVID-19, we find that about half are now working from home, including 35.2% who report they were commuting and recently switched to working from home. In addition, 10.1% report being laid-off or furloughed since the start of COVID-19. There is a strong negative relationship between the fraction in a state still commuting to work and the fraction working from home. We find that the share of people switching to remote work can be predicted by the incidence of COVID-19 and that younger people were more likely to switch to remote work. Furthermore, states with a higher share of employment in information work including management, professional and related occupations were more likely to shift toward working from home and had fewer people laid off or furloughed. We find no substantial change in results between the two waves, suggesting that most changes to remote work manifested by early April.
Postgraduate students’ difficulties in writing their theses literature review

Abstract This study set out to identify postgraduates’ problems in writing their theses literature review section. We adopted the exploratory sequential mixed method design. In the quantitative part, we applied descriptive analysis to evaluate 40 completed master theses based on the Akindele’s (2008) guideline. In the qualitative part, 10 postgraduate students took part voluntarily in semi-structured interviews. To analysis the interview data, the raters applied Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis. The results indicate that most students, even proficient ones were not able to synthesize, critique, or explain the literature in their writing. They mainly focused on summarizing other researchers’ findings and interpretations. Other problems dealt with lack of sufficient knowledge and time to complete their literature review, and the deliberate dereliction of some supervisors and professors who do not fulfil their obligations to provide the students with sufficient information about writing it. Solving these problems can not only change students’ negative feelings and experiences in writing their literature review section but also enhance students’ motivation to write any pieces of writing effectively.
The Effect of Firm Sizes, Profitability, Dividend Policy, Asset Structure, Sales Growth and Free Cash Flow on Debt Policy

The study aims to examine the effect of company size, profitability, dividend policy, asset structure, company growth and free cash flow on debt policy. The object of this study uses manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data used is secondary data in the form of annual financial statements for the 2015-2018 period. The collection technique used in this study was purposive sampling while the data analysis techniques used in this study were descriptive statistics, classic assumption tests, multiple regression analysis and hypothesis testing. The analysis show that the size of the company has a negative and not significant effect on debt policy, profitability has a negative and significant effect on debt policy. Dividend policy variables and asset structure has a negative and significant effect on debt policy. While sales growth and free cash flow has no effect on debt policy.
Cloning and Expression of Leptospiral Immunoglobulin Like B Gene and Use of The Recombinant Antigen for The Diagnosis of Bovine and Caprine Leptospirosis

This paper can be downloaded online at http://ijasbt.org & http://nepjol.info/index.php/IJASBT 146 Cloning and Expression of Leptospiral Immunoglobulin Like B Gene and Use of The Recombinant Antigen for The Diagnosis of Bovine and Caprine Leptospirosis Yosef Deneke, Rajib Deb School of Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma, Ethiopia ICAR-Central Institute for Resea on Cattle Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Grass Farm Road, Meerut-250 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
MICU1 modulates MCU ion selectivity and tolerance to manganese stress

The mitochondrial calcium uniporter is a highly selective ion channel composed of species-and tissue-specific structural and regulatory subunits. However, the contribution of each component to uniporter-mediated activity still remains unclear. Here, we employ an evolutionary and synthetic biology approach to investigate the functional inter-dependence between the pore-forming subunit MCU and the EF-hand protein MICU1. Using phylogenetic profiling and genetic complementation analyses, we show that MCU and MICU1 constitute the minimal eukaryotic unit of the uniporter, pointing towards a strong selective pressure behind their co-occurrence. Heterologous reconstitution of MCU-mediated and MICU1-gated mitochondrial calcium entry in vivo in yeast cells demonstrates that MICU1 per se is essential to protect yeast from MCU-dependent manganese cytotoxicity. Accordingly, MICU1 deletion significantly sensitizes human HEK-293 cells to manganese-induced stress. Our study identifies a critical role of MICU1 in the regulation of MCU ion selectivity, with potential implications for patients with MICU1 deficiency.
Deliberate self-harm: An Update

Deliberate Self-Harm (DSH) is common, often repeated and associated with suicide. The person with DSH usually show emotional dysregulation and a lack of adaptive skills to regulate emotions. They are widely considered to be a vulnerable population in need of effective interventions. The purpose of this study is to explore the DSH, its risk factors and management issues. Literature has been searched the both electronic databases including PubMed and manual searches for this. Fifth edition of DSM proposes Non-Suicidal Self Injury (NSSI), a synonym for DSH as a new disorder. NSSI is the attempt to harm oneself deliberately, usually by cutting or burning, with no suicidal intent. NSSI is a maladaptive strategy to regulation emotion often triggered by negative events, like feelings of rejection. The prevalence of DSH among young adults is significant, and the behavior is associated with medical, psychological, and social consequences ranging in severity. Several interventions appear to hold promise for reducing NSSI, including dialectical behaviour therapy, emotion regulation group therapy, manual-assisted cognitive therapy, dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy, atypical antipsychotics, naltrexone, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with or without cognitive-behavioural therapy.
Imprinting, Sucking and Allosucking Behaviors in Buffalo Calves

: This paper provides a short review of the scientific literature, focusing on recent advances on the most representative events from birth to weaning, with special emphasis on the behavior and welfare of buffalo calves during the phases of imprinting, suckling and allosucking, based on the differences and similarities reported with dairy and beef cattle. The similarities include the facts that all 3 are gregarious animals whose dams separate from the herd prior to parturition to facilitate dam-calf bonding, and that maternal care fosters the ingestion of colostrum by the young. These species are also precocial and rely on mother – young mutual recognition for calf survival. In particular, mothers develop a selective bonding with their young soon after parturition, although buffalo cows seem to be tolerant to alien claves and are often engaged in communal nursing. In buffaloes and cattle negative emotions are induced by the stress brought on by early maternal separation. However, buffalo calves are more prone to express cross-sucking and contract neonatal diseases with higher mortality rates in intensive systems as compared to cattle. The review concludes that all three exhibit similar behaviors from parturition to weaning although the knowledge about the specific needs of buffalo calves should be increased and appropriate management practices implemented to improve their welfare state.
UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Profile and Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antidiabetic, and Antiobesity Activities of the Aqueous Extracts of Three Different Hibiscus Species

The aqueous extracts of Hibiscus calyphyllus (HcA), Hibiscus micranthus (HmA), and Hibiscus deflersii (HdA) growing in Saudi Arabia did not receive enough attention in phytochemical and biological studies. This inspired the authors to investigate the phytochemicals of these extracts for the first time using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS in negative and positive ionization modes. The analysis afforded the tentative identification of 103 compounds including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Moreover, in vitro evaluations of their cytotoxic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiobesity activities were carried out. The results showed that aqueous extract of Hibiscus calyphyllus had the highest activity as an antioxidant agent (SC50 = 111 ± 1.5 μg/mL) compared with ascorbic acid (SC50 = 14.2 ± 0.5 μg/mL). MTT assay was used to evaluate cytotoxic activity compared to cisplatin. Hibiscus deflersii showed the most potent cytotoxic effect against A-549 (human lung carcinoma) with IC50 = 50 ± 5.1 μg/mL, and Hibiscus micranthus showed a close effect with IC50 = 60.4 ± 1.7 μg/mL. Hibiscus micranthus showed the most potent effect on HCT-116 (human colon carcinoma) with IC50 = 56 ± 1.9 μg/mL compared with cisplatin (IC50 = 7.53 ± 3.8 μg/mL). HcA and HdA extracts showed weak cytotoxic activity against A-549 and HCT-116 cell lines compared to the other extracts. Eventually, Hibiscus deflersii showed astonishing antidiabetic (IC50 = 56 ± 1.9 μg/mL) and antiobesity (IC50 = 95.45 ± 1.9 μg/mL) activities using in vitro α-amylase inhibitory assay (compared with acarbose (IC50 = 34.71 ± 0.7 μg/mL)) and pancreatic lipase inhibitory assay (compared with orlistat (IC50 = 23.8 ± 0.7 μg/mL)), respectively. In conclusion, these findings are regarded as the first vision of the phytochemical constituents and biological activities of different Hibiscus aqueous extracts. Hibiscus deflersii aqueous extract might be a hopeful origin of functional constituents with anticancer (on A-549 cell line), antidiabetic, and antiobesity activities. It might be a natural alternative remedy and nutritional policy for diabetes and obesity treatment without negative side effects. Isolation of the bioactive phytochemicals from the aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Hibiscus calyphyllus, Hibiscus micranthus, and Hibiscus deflersii and estimation of their biological effects are recommended in further studies.
A RECONSTRUCTION OF STEEL’S MULTIVERSE PROJECT

Abstract This paper reconstructs Steel’s multiverse project in his ‘Gödel’s program’ (Steel, 2014), first by comparing it to those of Hamkins (2012) and Woodin (2011), then by detailed analysis what’s presented in Steel’s brief text. In particular, we reconstruct his notion of a ‘natural’ theory, describe his multiverse axioms and his translation function, and assess the resulting status of the Continuum Hypothesis. In the end, we reconceptualize the defect that Steel thinks $CH$ might suffer from and isolate what it would take to remove it while working within his framework. As our goal is to present as coherent and compelling a philosophical and mathematical story as we can, we allow ourselves to augment Steel’s story in places (e.g., in the treatment of Amalgamation) and to depart from it in others (e.g., the removal of ‘meaning’ from the account). The relevant mathematics is laid out in the appendices.
Temporal Change of Soil Carbon on a Long-Term Experimental Site with Variable Crop Rotations and Tillage Systems

The impacts of tillage practices and crop rotations are fundamental factors influencing changes in the soil carbon, and thus the sustainability of agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to compare soil carbon status and temporal changes in topsoil from different 4 year rotations and tillage treatments (i.e., no-till and conventional tillage). Rotation systems were primarily corn and soy-based and included cereal and alfalfa phases along with red clover cover crops. In 2018, soil samples were collected from a silty-loam topsoil (0–15 cm) from the 36 year long-term experiment site in southern Ontario, Canada. Total carbon (TC) contents of each sample were determined in the laboratory using combustion methods and comparisons were made between treatments using current and archived samples (i.e., 20 year and 9 year change, respectively) for selected crop rotations. Overall, TC concentrations were significantly higher for no-till compared with conventional tillage practices, regardless of the crop rotations employed. With regard to crop rotation, the highest TC concentrations were recorded in corn–corn–oats–barley (CCOB) rotations with red clover cover crop in both cereal phases. TC contents were, in descending order, found in corn–corn–alfalfa–alfalfa (CCAA), corn–corn–soybean–winter wheat (CCSW) with 1 year of seeded red clover, and corn–corn–corn–corn (CCCC). The lowest TC concentrations were observed in the corn–corn–soybean–soybean (CCSS) and corn–corn–oats–barley (CCOB) rotations without use of cover crops, and corn–corn–soybean–winter wheat (CCSW). We found that (i) crop rotation varieties that include two consecutive years of soybean had consistently lower TC concentrations compared with the remaining rotations; (ii) TC for all the investigated plots (no-till and/or tilled) increased over the 9 year and 20 year period; (iii) the no-tilled CCOB rotation with 2 years of cover crop showed the highest increase of TC content over the 20 year change period time; and (iv) interestingly, the no-till continuous corn (CCCC) rotation had higher TC than the soybean–soybean–corn–corn (SSCC) and corn–corn–soybean–winter wheat (CCSW). We concluded that conservation tillage (i.e., no-till) and incorporation of a cover crop into crop rotations had a positive effect in the accumulation of TC topsoil concentrations and could be suitable management practices to promote soil fertility and sustainability in our agricultural soils.
The Construct Validity of the Scale of Audience Perceptions of Media and Religion

Istanbul Universitesi Iletisim Fakultesi’nde yapilmis olan doktora tezinin (Al, 2019) bir parcasi olan bu calisma, Izleyicinin Medya ve Din Algisi Olcegi’ni (IMDAO) tanitmayi ve bu olcegi farkli, bagimsiz bir orneklem uzerinde uygulayarak onun uyum duzeyini dogrulayici faktor analizi (DFA) yoluyla olcmeyi amaclamaktadir. Olcegin iyi bir model uyumu gosterip gostermedigini tespit etmek icin 18 ile 27 yas arasinda degisen 150 katilimcidan veri toplanmistir. Yapilan DFA’da CMIN/DF, RMSEA, CFI, TLI, SRMR, PNFI ve PCFI uyum indekslerinden faydalanilmistir. Elde edilen uyum indeksleri, CMIN/DF degerinin 3’un altinda, RMSEA degerinin . 06’nin altinda, SRMR degerlerinin . 08’in altinda, CFI ve TLI degerlerinin . 95’in uzerinde ve son olarak PNFI ve PCFI degerlerinin . 5’in uzerinde oldugunu gostermistir. Bu sonuclar da alti boyuttan –‘Medya Vaizleri ve Temsil’, ‘Siyaset ve Din’, ‘Sekulerlesme / Dine Yabancilasma’, ‘Dini Yayin Algisi’, ‘Muhalif Kodacimlama’ ve ‘Dini Medya Okuryazarligi’– olusan Medya ve Din Algisi Olcegi’nin iyi bir model uyumuna sahip oldugunu, yani olcum modelinin iyi tanimlanmis oldugunu ortaya koymustur.
Prevalence, knowledge and attitudes of menopausal symptoms among women aged 40-60 years and their associated factors in a semi urban area, Matara district, Sri Lanka

Menopause is the time in women’s life when menstrual periods permanently stop. World Health Organization defines as the time there has been no menstrual periods for 12 consecutive months and no other biological and physiological cause can be identified. Every woman faces this transitional period in their middle age of life. Majority of the women experience various physiological and psychological changes during this period. According to Shakila’s report there are 3 phases of menopause. The time upto the last menstrual period called premenopausal phase. The time period around the menopause, series of menstrual irregularities and endocrine changes are occurring in perimenopausal/ menopausal transition phase. Post-menopausal phase ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a tertiary level hospital in Southern India

Introduction: Pseudomonas have now a days become a major cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections. They are widely distributed in the hospital environment which makes them difficult to eradicate. P.aeruginosa has become the leading cause of hospital acquired infection because of its recent trend to gain resistance to most of the drugs used against it causing a multidrug resistance. Therefore it is necessary to know the changing pattern so as to achieve a good therapy for pseudomonas infection. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of P.aeruginosa with different parameters from the patients attending the tertiary level hospital in Chennai. Objective: The aim of the study was to enumerate the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Pseudomonas infection from various samples in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in Microbiology department of a tertiary care hospital during the period of February 2016 to January 2017. A total of 93 non repetitive clinical isolates of P.aeruginosa were collected from different samples. Result: In the present study the males 51(54.8%) were more affected than females 42(45.2%). Age distribution showed more to be affected among adults of age 40 and above. Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin shows 96.8% sensitivity. Among Cephalosporins highest resistance was observed among 1 st generation cefazolin (83.9%) followed by 2 nd generation Cefotaxime (17.2%) and Ceftazidime (23.7%) the least was seen among 4 th generation Cefepime which showed 6.5% resistance.All isolates were sensitive to Imipenem. Conclusion: Restriction of antibiotic usage must be formatted by each institution, to combat the emergence of multi drug resistant P. aeruginosa . Imipenem was the only anti-pseudomonal drug against which all isolates of P. aeruginosa were fully sensitive. We recommend a restricted and a more rational use of this drug in this hospital setting