Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DYNAMICO-1.0, an icosahedral hydrostatic dynamical core designed for consistency and versatility

Abstract. The design of the icosahedral dynamical core DYNAMICO is presented. DYNAMICO solves the multi-layer rotating shallow-water equations, a compressible variant of the same equivalent to a discretization of the hydrostatic primitive equations in a Lagrangian vertical coordinate, and the primitive equations in a hybrid mass-based vertical coordinate. The common Hamiltonian structure of these sets of equations is exploited to formulate energy-conserving spatial discretizations in a unified way. The horizontal mesh is a quasi-uniform icosahedral C-grid obtained by subdivision of a regular icosahedron. Control volumes for mass, tracers and entropy/potential temperature are the hexagonal cells of the Voronoi mesh to avoid the fast numerical modes of the triangular C-grid. The horizontal discretization is that of Ringler et al. (2010), whose discrete quasi-Hamiltonian structure is identified. The prognostic variables are arranged vertically on a Lorenz grid with all thermodynamical variables collocated with mass. The vertical discretization is obtained from the three-dimensional Hamiltonian formulation. Tracers are transported using a second-order finite-volume scheme with slope limiting for positivity. Explicit Runge–Kutta time integration is used for dynamics, and forward-in-time integration with horizontal/vertical splitting is used for tracers. Most of the model code is common to the three sets of equations solved, making it easier to develop and validate each piece of the model separately. Representative three-dimensional test cases are run and analyzed, showing correctness of the model. The design permits to consider several extensions in the near future, from higher-order transport to more general dynamics, especially deep-atmosphere and non-hydrostatic equations.
Drag Reduction in Polymer-Laden Turbulent Pipe Flow

The turbulence of a realistic dilute solution of DNA macromolecules is investigated through a hybrid Eulerian–Lagrangian approach that directly solves the incompressible Navier–Stokes equation alongside the evolution of 108 polymers, modelled as finitely extensible nonlinear elastic (FENE) dumbbells. At a friction Reynolds number of 320 and a Weissenberg number of 2×104, the drag reduction is equal to 26%, which is similar to the one obtained at the lower Reynolds number of 180. The polymers induce an increase in the flow rate and the turbulent kinetic energy, whose axial contribution is predominantly augmented. The stress balance is analysed to investigate the causes of the drag reduction and eventually the effect of the friction Reynolds number on the probability distribution of the polymer configuration. Near the wall, the majority of the polymers are fully stretched and aligned along the streamwise direction, inducing an increase in the turbulence anisotropy.
Are there bubbles in sectoral indices? Evidence from national stock exchange

Abstract Trading at prices above their fundamental values has been referred to as stock market Bubbles. These Bubbles, when Busted, can lead to a market Crash. From experience, it is a well-known fact that Bubbles initially occur in one particular sector and later spread to the aggregate markets, leading to the collapse of the entire market. This paper attempts to test the existence of bubbles in Indian Sectoral Indices. Previous studies have proven that sectoral indices do not mimic the market behaviour and the reaction of the sectors tends to be different compared to the market’s response. In that context, the paper aims to explore the existence of bubbles sector-wise rather than aggregate market-wise. The presence of bubbles is confirmed through the Superior and flawless method called the GSADF test is more flexible and reliable than RADF (Rolling Augmented Dickey-Fuller) and Supremum Augmented Dickey–Fuller (SADF) methods. Findings reveal that not all sectors experience bubbles at the same time. During the study period, the Automobile, financial services, Media and Private sector banking sectors experienced bubbles. Detected bubbles were also found at different times in these sectors. The study helps investors who focus investments in a specific sector to capitalise on price movements once they can time-stamp the occurrence of bubbles. The study provides essential input for investors in taking timely investment decisions. Further results of our study could enable policymakers to instil corrective actions to put the markets back on track when the index falsely deviates from intrinsic values.
Simultaneous Velocity-Intensity Spectral and Cross-Spectral Fitting of Helioseismic Data

Solar oscillation parameters, such as the frequency, are usually estimated by fitting the mode profile in the velocity (V) power spectrum. In this paper, the solar oscillation parameters are derived by simultaneously fitting four observational spectra: V and I (intensity) power, I-V phase difference, and I-V coherence using the model of Severino et al. that contains several background components. We show that this model reproduces the observed spectra for l = 15-50 using Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) data. A study of the model parameters as a function of frequency shows the well-known behavior of the mode amplitude and width. Comparing the oscillation parameters using the multispectral fitting and the V power spectrum alone with an asymmetric profile shows that the oscillation frequency differs by at most 0.2 μHz below 3 mHz but that the background components are needed to adequately describe the spectrum at higher frequencies. The background amplitudes and phases provide information about the solar oscillation excitation mechanism. For example, the coherent correlated background might be associated with the darkening observed in the intergranular lane at the beginning of the seismic event, while the coherent uncorrelated component might be related to seismic events unable to excite the 5 minute oscillations.
Organic Food Consumption and Perception among Polish Mothers of Children under 6 Years Old

Pro-environmental attitudes, including organic food consumption, can reduce negative impact on the environment. The consumption of organic food in Poland is rather low, but the ecological awareness of Poles is steadily increasing. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency and factors influencing the consumption of organic products and to analyze the perception of such food by mothers of children under 6 years of age (n = 667). The survey was conducted between March 2020 and May 2021 in three voivodships in Eastern Poland. The results of the survey indicate that the majority of respondents are occasional consumers of organic food (51%). The most commonly consumed organic products are eggs, vegetables and fruits, whereas the least consumed are alcoholic beverages, coffees and ready-to-eat meals. The responders’ main characteristics of organic food are as follows: no genetic modification/GMO-free, no synthetic additives and having organic certification. Statistically significant correlations were found between the frequency of organic food consumption and education, financial situation as well as familiarity with the logo of the organic certificate and verifying that it is present on the packaging. The most common reasons for consuming organic food were health issues, while the high price was declared as the main barrier.
Composition dependence of the band gaps of In1−xGaxAs1−yPy quaternary solids lattice matched on InP substrates

The In‐Ga‐As‐P quaternary phase diagram required for the growth of lattice‐matched In1−xGaxAs1−yPy layers on InP substrates has been determined experimentally at 650 °C. The liquidus isotherms were obtained by the seed‐dissolution technique. The solidus iostherms were determined by electron‐microprobe analysis performed on surfaces of quaternary epitaxial layers grown on Sn‐doped InP (111) B substrates from quaternary saturated melts. Lattice constants of layers were measured by an x‐ray‐diffraction technique. The liquid‐phase‐epitaxy growth conditions of lattice‐matched In1−xGaxAs1−yPy (0⩽x⩽0.47, 0⩽y⩽1.0) layers on InP were found from the results of the phase diagram and lattice constant measurements. Lattice‐matched layers with various band gaps (from 1.34 to 0.74 eV at room temperature) were grown by using these conditions. Band gaps of the layers were determined by photoluminescence measurements at 300 and 77 K. The band gap at each temperature was found to be linearly dependent on alloy‐composition p.
Unravelling the influence of landscape alteration from flow alteration on benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage response in the Delaware River Basin

Quantifying the effects of streamflow alteration on assemblage response is central to understanding the role humans play in shaping aquatic environments. These changes represent a level of complexity that impedes developing quantitative links between flow and ecological response because stream hydrology is strongly intertwined with natural and anthropogenic factors. Better management outcomes require disentangling these linkages. Benthic macroinvertebrate data were combined with GIS‐derived natural and anthropogenic basin characteristics to identify factors associated with changes in flow and assemblage characteristics. Models linking streamflow metrics and macroinvertebrate response at basin‐ and subregion‐scales were developed using boosted regression tree (BRT) analysis. Basin‐scale BRT analyses revealed that links between macroinvertebrate response and streamflow metrics were often obscured, whereas more homogeneous subregions were better able to discern relations with flow. Urban land cover was the primary factor accounting for changes in flow characteristics. Elevation, land cover and high flow frequency were the principal variables driving changes in assemblage structure within subregions. Assemblage metrics and traits were equally useful for building response models and were affected similarly by flow alteration. Our results indicate that response models based on upland and lowland subregions performed better than basin‐scale models. However, when defining subregions, care should be taken to maintain data sufficiency. Developing practical flow‐protection standards that support a balance between human water requirements and ecological integrity requires models that reduce uncertainty and identify management‐relevant drivers. However, effective management often differs by location and models developed at the subregion level may be more applicable to management and stakeholder interests.
Three questions on Lorentz violation

We review the basics of the two most widely used approaches to Lorentz violation - the Standard Model Extension and Noncommutative Field Theory - and discuss in some detail the example of the modified spectrum of the synchrotron radiation. Motivated by touching upon such a fundamental issue as Lorentz symmetry, we ask three questions: What is behind the search for Lorentz violation? Is String Theory a physical theory? Is there an alternative to Supersymmetry?
Generalized teleparallel cosmology and initial singularity crossing

We present a class of cosmological solutions for a generalized teleparallel gravity with f(T)=T+α̃ (−T)n, where α̃ is some parameter and n is an integer or half-integer. Choosing α̃ ∼ Gn−1, where G is the gravitational constant, and working with an equation of state p=w ρ, one obtains a cosmological solution with multiple branches. The dynamics of the solution describes standard cosmology at late times, but the higher-torsion correction changes the nature of the initial singularity from big bang to a sudden singularity. The milder behavior of the sudden singularity enables us to extend timelike or lightlike curves, through joining two disconnected branches of solution at the singularity, leaving the singularity traversable. We show that this extension is consistent with the field equations through checking the known junction conditions for generalized teleparallel gravity. This suggests that these solutions describe a contracting phase a prior to the expanding phase of the universe.
Triangular Antiferromagnets

In this article we review the effects of magnetic frustation in the stacked triangular lattice. Frustration increases the degeneracy of the ground state, giving rise to different physics. In particular it leads to unique phase diagrams with multicritical points and novel critical phenomena. We describe the confrontation of theory and experiment for a number of systems with differing magnetic Hamiltonians; Heisenberg, Heisenberg with easy-axis anisotropy, Heisenberg with easy-plane anisotropy, Ising and singlet ground state. Interestingly each leads to different magnetic properties and phase diagrams. We also describe the effects of ferromagnetic, rather than antiferromagnetic, stacking and of small distortions of the triangular lattice.
New X-ray bound on density of primordial black holes

We set a new upper limit on the abundance of primordial black holes (PBH) based on existing X-ray data. PBH interactions with interstellar medium should result in significant fluxes of X-ray photons, which would contribute to the observed number density of compact X-ray objects in galaxies. The data constrain PBH number density in the mass range from a few M⊙ to 2× 107 M⊙. PBH density needed to account for the origin of black holes detected by LIGO is marginally allowed.
Rotation of the plane of polarization of light in a semiconductor microcavity

D. N. Krizhanovskii,1 D. Sanvitto,1 I. A. Shelykh,2,4 M. M. Glazov,2,3 G. Malpuech,2 D. D. Solnyshkov,2,3 A. Kavokin,2 S. Ceccarelli,1 M. S. Skolnick,1 and J. S. Roberts5 1Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom 2LASMEA, CNRS/Universite Blaise Pascal, 24 Avenue des Landais, 63177 Aubiere cedex, France 3A. F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, 26 Polytechnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, Russia 4St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, 29 Polytechnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, Russia 5Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom Received 14 November 2005; published 3 February 2006
Dynamics of the Atmospheres of the Major Planets with an Appendix on the Viscous Boundary Layer at the Rigid Bounding Surface of an Electrically-Conducting Rotating Fluid in the Presence of a Magnetic Field

Abstract The interpretation in terms of basic hydrodynamical Processes of certain prominent observational features exhibited by the atmospheres of major planets should lead in due course to accurate information about the internal structure of these bodies (e.g. atmospheric depth, angular momentum transfer, energy sources) that may be obtainable in no other way. Tentative information of this kind has already been found as a result of attempts to interpret 1) the Great Red Spot and other, less persistent and generally smaller, spots on Jupiter's visible surface, 2) the banded appearance, and complicated and striking variation of rotation rate with latitude, including the equatorial jets, of Jupiter and Saturn, and 3) Jupiter's magnetic field, with its characteristic rotation period. The dynamical influence of rotation on relative motions in the atmospheres of the major planets is much more pronounced than in the case of the earth's atmosphere, though effects due to vertical density stratification are probab.
Reconfigurable Bidirectional Beam-Steering Aperture With Transmitarray, Reflectarray, and Transmit-Reflect-Array Modes Switching

The design and experiment of an electronically reconfigurable bidirectional spatially-fed array are presented, which combines the functionalities of reconfigurable transmitarray (TA), reflectarray (RA), and transmit-reflect array (TRA). First, we demonstrate a novel bidirectional unit cell composed of a tunable resonant layer between a pair of orthogonally oriented metal gratings. Two positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes are integrated into the tunable resonant layer to achieve the 1-bit phase resolution in either transmission or reflection mode. Based on the proposed unit cell, a 16 $\times16$ -element array arranged in a square grid, which can be controlled independently by a field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based digital control circuit, is excited by a linearly-polarized horn to show the beam steering ability of reconfigurable TA and RA. To realize TRA function integration with the bidirectional beam independent steering simultaneously, the method based on superposition of the aperture fields (SAF) on the aperture is used. In SAF design, the entire aperture is divided into transmission and reflection modes co-existing, and the arrangement and phase distribution are optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to achieve minimum sidelobe levels (SLLs) and peak gain of bidirectional beam. The measured results of the prototype demonstrate that the antenna can steer bidirectional beam both in simultaneous and time division operating modes, which is not reported to the best of the authors’ knowledge. Our proposed method opens a new avenue for the design of high-performance multifunctional reconfigurable antenna systems.
Is There a Sign of New Physics in Beryllium Transitions

We discuss the current status of the anomaly in beryllium-8 nuclear transitions recently reported in the angular distribution of internal conversion electron-positron pairs. We present a phenomenological analysis of the signal and review the models proposed to explain it, focusing on those involving a new light protophobic vector gauge boson. We also elaborate on the prospects of verifying the anomaly in present and future experiments.
Association of Polymorphisms in the Long Non-Coding RNA HOTAIR with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in a Korean Population

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) affects 1% to 5% of women, with devastating effects on both reproductive health and psychological well-being. Homeobox (HOX) transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) produced by HOXC; it plays a major role in invasion and development of ovarian and other cancers. The aim of the present study was to analyze effects of HOTAIR polymorphisms (rs4759314 A>G, rs920778 T>C, rs1899663 G>T, and rs7958904 G>C) on RPL in Korean women. A total of 403 women with RPL and 383 healthy women were selected for this study. Genotyping analysis was performed with the polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the TaqMan genotyping assay. Clinical characteristics were compared using Student’s unpaired t-test and the chi-square test for categorical variables. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms and RPL incidence. In all assays, p < 0.05 was considered significant. HOTAIR polymorphisms rs4759314A>G and rs920778T>C were highly associated with increased risk of RPL, specifically the haplotypes rs4759314A>G/rs1899663G>T (G-T) and rs4759314A>G/rs920778 T>C (G-C). These associations were maintained in haplotypes that contained three polymorphisms (rs4759314 A>G, rs920778 T>C, and rs1899663 G>T) A-C-G, G-T-G, and G-T-T, further indicating that the HOTAIR rs4759314 and rs920778 polymorphisms play significant roles in idiopathic RPL in Korean women.
Winds Driven by Super Star Clusters: The Self-Consistent Radiative Solution

Here we present a self-consistent stationary solution for spherically symmetric winds driven by massive star clusters under the impact of radiative cooling. We demonstrate that cooling may drastically modify the distribution of temperature if the rate of injected energy approaches a critical value. We also prove that the stationary wind solution does not exist when the energy radiated away at the star cluster center exceeds ~30% of the energy deposition rate. Finally, we thoroughly discuss the expected appearance of super star cluster winds in the X-ray and visible line regimes. The three solutions found, the quasi-adiabatic, the strongly radiative wind, and the inhibited stationary solution, are then compared to the winds from the Arches cluster, the NGC 4303 central cluster, and to the supernebula in NGC 5253.
Evaluation of Smart Water Consumption Metering Benefits—A Case Study in Brasília/DF, Brazil

: Smart water consumption metering can provide data at a much more speciﬁc spatial and temporal resolution. In this context, smart meters provide essential information for developing customer consumption models, which can be used to modify behavior, favor water savings, and bring other beneﬁts. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the beneﬁts of the smart metering system implemented in the pilot project for the individualization of water consumption in a residential block in the city of Bras í lia/DF, Brazil. To assess the beneﬁts, two scenarios were considered: the ﬁrst contemplated only the implementation of the system, whereas the second contemplated the possible impact of establishing a detailed temporary water balancing system and a leak alarm system for the consumer units. The results revealed that the adoption of these two features resulted in a ﬁnancial return that was 8.5 times higher than average.
The Influence of Female Reproductive Factors on Longevity: A Systematized Narrative Review of Epidemiological Studies

Purpose: This systematized review presents a synthesis of epidemiological studies that examine the association between female reproductive factors and longevity indicators. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using four bibliographic databases: OVID Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, including English language articles published until March 2022. Results from the search strategy yielded 306 articles, 37 of which were included for review based on eligibility criteria. Results were identified within the following nine themes: endogenous androgens and estrogens, age at first childbirth, age at last childbirth, parity, reproductive lifespan, menopause-related factors, hormone therapy use, age at menarche, and offspring gender. Results: Evidence that links reproductive factors and long lifespan is limited. Several female reproductive factors are shown to be significantly associated with longevity, yet findings remain inconclusive. The most consistent association was between parity (fertility and fecundity) and increased female lifespan. Age at first birth and parity were consistently associated with increased longevity. Associations between age at menarche and menopause, premature menopause, reproductive lifespan, offspring gender and longevity are inconclusive. Conclusion: There is not enough evidence to consider sex a longevity predictor. To understand the mechanisms that predict longevity outcomes, it is imperative to consider sex-specific within-population differences.