Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strike-slip partitioned transpression of the San Andreas fault system: a lithospheric-scale approach

Abstract Physical and numerical experiments on transpression indicate that strike-slip partitioning is facilitated by low angle of convergence, such as occurs on the modern San Andreas fault system. Cross-sections across the San Andreas fault overestimate the amount of margin-normal contraction, because they do not include the effect of horizontal stretching caused by the wrench component of deformation. When this correction is made assuming a strike-slip partitioned transpression model, contraction estimated from cross-sections is consistent with both the normal and tangential movements imposed by plate motion: there is no San Andreas discrepancy. Seismic anisotropy (shear-wave splitting) and teleseismic analyses suggest that the upper mantle in the San Andreas region is thick and largely undeformed to the SW of the San Andreas fault, but thin and intensely sheared in a zone 50–100 km wide beneath the NE region of the San Andreas fault system. Seismic anisotropy is best explained by a transpression zone of vertical foliation (and possibly horizontal lineation) which penetrates the asthenospheric mantle. Using a lithospheric-scale approach, the transfer of the displacement field from the penetratively deformed mantle to the strike-slip partitioned upper crust necessitates zones of accommodation in the mid- to lower crust, corresponding to the flatlying detachments that underlie the San Andreas fault system. The mechanics of the San Andreas fault are best considered in connection with the strength of the various lithospheric layers involved in this system.
Evolution of a poly-deformed relay zone between fault segments in the eastern Southern Alps, Italy

Abstract In the eastern Southern Alps (NE Italy), Liassic north–south extensional structures are prominent. The southern Trento Platform also experienced extension during the Palaeogene, when reactivation of some pre-existing faults occurred, coupled with nucleation of new faults. During Neogene shortening, these structures were reactivated once again, but with strike-slip kinematics. In this framework, the Gamonda–Tormeno restraining stepover represents the final result of an overlap zone which evolved through time. In the first stage (Lias to Early Cretaceous) a prominent splay developed at the tip of the Gamonda Fault by lateral propagation and breaching of independent segments. At the same time, there was kinematic interaction between the antithetic Gamonda and Tormeno faults, followed by diachronous motion on crossing faults and the development of a narrow graben. During the second stage of extensional tectonics (Palaeocene to Early Oligocene), the reactivation and propagation of the overlapping faults along with the generation of new faults led to deepening of the graben. In the third stage (Miocene to present), the final structure of a strike-slip restraining stepover was accomplished. Due to the mechanical stratigraphy and complex inherited architecture of the relay zone where stratigraphic sequences with different rheological properties are juxtaposed, the style of shortening is different in the western and eastern sides of the stepover. The Gamonda–Tormeno structure represents a unique example of how a relay zone may change through time.
Depth-Dependent Dispersion Coefficient for Modeling of Vertical Solute Exchange in a Lake Bed under Surface Waves

Variable pressure at the sediment/water interface due to surface water waves can drive advective flows into or out of the lake bed, thereby enhancing solute transfer between lake water and pore water in the lake bed. To quantify this advective transfer, the two-dimensional (2D) advection-dispersion equation in a lake bed has been solved with spatially and temporally variable pressure at the bed surface. This problem scales with two dimensionless parameters: a “dimensionless wave speed” (W) and a “relative dispersivity” (λ) . Solutions of the 2D problem were used to determine a depth-dependent “vertically enhanced dispersion coefficient” ( DE ) that can be used in a 1D pore-water quality model which in turn can be easily coupled with a lake water quality model. Results of this study include a relationship between DE and the depth below the bed surface for W>50 and λ⩽0.1 . The computational results are compared and validated against a set of laboratory measurements. An application shows that surface waves m.
Assessing the reliability of serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a marker for diabetic nephropathy prediction in type 2 diabetes patients and the effect of ACE inhibitors on its level

Abstract Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prevalent chronic microvascular diabetic complication. As inflammation plays a vital role in the development and progress of DN the macrophages migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory multifunctional cytokine approved to play a critical function in inflammatory responses in various pathologic situations like DN. This study aimed To assess serum levels of MIF in a sample of Iraqi diabetic patients with nephropathy supporting its validity as a marker for predicting nephropathy in T2DM patients. In addition, to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in terms of their influence on MIF levels. This is a case-control study involving ninety subjects that have been divided into three groups: twenty apparently healthy control group and seventy patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus divided into two equal groups according to the presence of diabetic nephropathy that has been further divided into two groups according to the use of ACE inhibitors or not. Serum MIF, urea, creatinine, RBS, HbA1c, BMI, eGFR, and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio have been measured for each subject. Serum MIF’s highest levels were observed in the diabetic nephropathy patients (24.9 ng/ml) followed by the diabetics (14. 1 ng/ml) with the lowest level observed in the control group (4.8 ng/ml). There was a significant relation between MIF levels and ACE inhibitors (p-value <0.05) with reduced MIF levels in ACE inhibitors users. The ROC curve showed that MIF has a good performance in disease prediction. These findings support the reliability of MIF as a biomarker for the prediction of diabetic nephropathy and the possible reducing effect of ACE inhibitors on MIF levels.
Revolutionizing educational landscapes: A systematic review of Metaverse applications, paradigms and emerging technologies

Abstract This paper addresses the existing gap in the literature on Metaverse applications in education by providing a comprehensive analysis of associated paradigms, platforms, hardware, and software, which have not been systematically reviewed yet. Notably, this study is among the first, to the best of our knowledge, to introduce the pioneering concept of Meta-AI in education and propose its potential to revolutionize the educational landscape by synergistically combining generative AI technologies, such as ChatGPT, with Metaverse education. Through this in-depth examination, our research makes a significant contribution to the field, establishing a solid foundation for the development of effective Metaverse teaching applications and guiding future scholarly endeavours.
Gig Work in Post Pandemic Times: Does it an Agile Work Structure?

Gig economy is known as situations where workers work based on demand or known as ‘online gig work’, or on-demand economy’. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effectiveness of gig work configuration to overcome the post pandemic impacts. Qualitative research design is employed to answer the research question. Data for this study was collected from the online sellers in Malaysia using online interview. The phenomenology approach is adopted to analyses the data with labour context perspectives. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the interview data. The underlying assumption of gig works implementation are explored and lead to the understanding of its effectiveness in terms of providing sustainable income and solving financial difficulties due to the Covid-19 impacts. Findings suggest that most Malaysia gig workers was involved in the gig works due to financial difficulties during pandemic. However, the potential of this flexible work structure outnumbered its challenges, suggesting a huge opportunity for gig works system to be utilized by the people. Findings also discovered the awareness among respondents to equip themselves with communication skills, content writing, information technology, leadership skills and product knowledge. The findings imply that the social support could be geared up to assist the people in dealing with the challenges of this flexible work system realizing its huge potential to minimize the detrimental impacts of the pandemic and uncertain economic conditions.
P wave attenuation structure in the fault area of the 1995 Kobe earthquake

The three-dimensional (3-D) P wave attenuation structure in the Kobe epicentral area is determined using aftershock records from the 1995 Kobe (Hyogo-ken Nanbu) earthquake. Waveform data from both permanent seismic networks and portable stations, set up following the Kobe mainshock, were used. The observed P wave amplitude spectra were inverted for the spectral plateau value, the source corner frequency, and a frequency-independent t* operator assuming an ω2-type source model. The calculated t* operators were subsequently used for the computation of the 3-D absorption structure using a 3-D velocity model. Only high-quality amplitude spectra were used for the estimation of reliable attenuation parameters, resulting in a final data set of ∼4100 t* operators. Two regions of high absorption were found in the upper part of the crust. One is below the northern part of Awaji Island and reaches down to a depth of 5 km. The other region, northeast of Kobe city, is along the Arima-Takatsuki tectonic line and extends along the Rokko, Kashiodani, and Yamada Faults. It extends northward to the Hokusetsu-Sanchi area. In both regions a high density of fault lineations is mapped, and high Poisson ratios are known. This suggests that partially saturated cracks cause the observed high attenuation.
Effects of vegetation distribution on experimental river channel dynamics

Strong feedbacks exist between channel dynamics, floodplain development, and riparian vegetation. Earlier experimental studies showed how uniformly distributed riparian vegetation causes a shift from a braided to a single‐thread river because riparian vegetation stabilizes the banks and focuses discharge off the floodplains into channels. These experiments tested anemochorously distributed vegetation, i.e., by wind, whereas many riparian species in nature are also distributed hydrochorously, i.e., by flowing water. The objective of this study is to test experimentally what the different effects are of hydrochorously and anemochorously distributed vegetation on channel pattern and dynamics. The experiments were carried out in a flume of 3 m wide and 10 m long. We compared experiments with the two forms of vegetation distribution methods to control experiments without vegetation. To independently quantify bank retreat rate as a function of seed density and vegetation age, we used a small bank erosion test. In agreement with other work, the uniformly distributed vegetation decreased bank retreat, often stabilized banks and tightened meander bends. Vegetation seeds distributed by the flow during floods settled at lower elevations compared to the uniformly distributed vegetation. Inner bend vegetation stabilized a part of the point bar and hydraulic resistance of the vegetated bar forced water into the channel and over the floodplain. As a result, sediment was deposited upstream of vegetation patches. We conclude that seeds distributed by the flow during floods lead to island braiding: a patchy multithread river with stable vegetated bars, whereas vegetation uniformly distributed on the floodplain of a single‐thread meandering river increases sinuosity and decreases bend wavelength. This implies that the combination of discharge variations and vegetation settling behavior has a large effect on the morphology and dynamics of rivers. The experimental approach opens up a wide range of possibilities to explore hydro‐bio‐geomorphological interactions with a high degree of control.
European landscape character areas : typologies, cartography and indicators for the assessment of sustainable landscapes

Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) is designed to describe landscape character. It can be applied at a range of scales, from the national, though to the regional and local. It may also integrate landscape character analysis with biodiversity assessments, the analysis of historical character, air, water and soil quality, and socio-economic functions such as recreation and agriculture
Moderating Effect of Covid-19 On E-Learning Predictors: An Empirical Study on Student's Perspective in Sindh, Pakistan

During the COVID-19 pandemic, e-learning has been crucial for maintaining educational continuity while adhering to safety protocols and using social distancing guidelines. The worldwide spread of the pandemic has significantly disrupted traditional face-to-face educational practices, compelling the rapid and extensive adoption of electronic learning alternatives. As a result, it is crucial to understand the key factors influencing e-learning adoption in developing countries such as Pakistan during COVID-19. This research aims to analyze the moderating role of COVID-19 on key e-learning predictors using the UTAUT model by including some external Constructs. This study employed a qualitative survey-based methodology, with a sample size of 460 responses from students who engaged in e-learning during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The PLS-SEM technique was employed for data analysis utilizing the SmartPls4 version 4.0. 9.2 program. A Model was formed based on the UTAUT model by including some external variables. Empirical results revealed that during COVID-19 the most important factors predicting student behavior intention for e-learning adoption were, Computer anxiety, System characteristics, Facilitating conditions, Social influence, and COVID-19 itself. Furthermore, results also demonstrate that there was a sizable amount of COVID-19 moderating effect (0.022) on the association between social Influence and Behavior intention which somehow weakened the adoption of e-learning during COVID-19 time. The R-square value of the model is (0.677), which indicates that the model possesses substantial explanatory power, and the Q-square value is (0.662) indicating the establishment of Model predictive relevance.
Degradation of marls; two case studies from the Iberian Peninsula

Abstract The strength degradation of two marl formations (Pamplona marls in Spain and Abadia marls in Portugal) is analysed in the paper. In the case of Pamplona marls, a number of large-scale direct shear tests on natural and saturated specimens of the undisturbed material were performed. Tests on marl–concrete interfaces were performed and are also presented. Both cases analysed show that the saturation of the marl leads to a strong reduction of friction and effective cohesion. Negative effects of suction changes on the mechanical behaviour of the marls were investigated in more detail in suction controlled tests on Abadia marls, a more plastic material. A numerical simulation of wetting effects on a marl fragment of finite size helps to identify the nature of degradation mechanisms, which are associated with the development of tensile surfaces inside the marl matrix. They, in turn, are due to the expansive behaviour of the clay fraction of the marl relative to suction changes.
Effect of nuclear explosions on stratospheric nitric oxide and ozone

This article reviews the derivation by Foley and Ruderman of the injection of nitric oxide into the stratosphere by nuclear bomb tests and compares it with similar studies. Upper and lower limits of this pollutant are estimated by us and compared with the amount and distribution of nitric oxide in the stratosphere possible from supersonic transports. The effect on ozone of any artificial nitric oxide in the stratosphere depends on the distribution as well as the quantity. The distribution of 90Sr in the stratosphere was measured by balloons and planes after the 1961–1962 nuclear tests, and there is a, linear relation (with known proportionality constants) between bomb-produced 90Sr and bomb-produced nitric oxide. In this way the actual distribution (within the sixfold range of uncertainty that connects NO formation to bomb yield) of NO in the stratosphere is presented. Most of this bomb-produced NO lay low in the stratosphere and far to the north so that the maximum expected ozone reduction would be matter of a few percent. The total ozone data for the world for 1960–1970 inclusive have been examined in detail. There appears to be a real (about 5%) increase of ozone over the period 1963–1970; any other trends appear to be lost in fluctuations of the data and to be unobtainable because of the few ozone-observing stations before 1957. The increase in ozone during 1963–1970 is roughly parallel to the decrease of bomb-produced 90Sr and thus bomb-produced NO; hence this increase of ozone may be due to the stratosphere's returning to normal after the nitric oxide injections by the nuclear bomb tests of 1952–1962.
Impacts of Industrial Wastes Disposal Strategies on Oil Producing Communities in Rivers State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to ascertain the impacts of industrial wastes disposal strategies embarked upon by Nigeria Agip Oil Company on oil producing communities in Ogba / Egbema/Ndoni local government area of Rivers State. To elicit information for this study a thirty two items structured questionnaire of agree and disagree was administered to one hundred respondents randomly sampled from four oil producing communities in the area. A simple percentage was used for data analysis Research findings show that different types of wastes are produced, some toxic and hazardous. The wastes disposal strategies employed by the oil company is substandard and these impacts negatively on the people of the area. Recommendations were also made.
Prioritized Identification of Fearful Eyes during the Attentional Blink Is Not Automatic

The eye region conveys considerable information regarding an individual’s emotions, motivations, and intentions during interpersonal communication. Evidence suggests that the eye regions of an individual expressing emotions can capture attention more rapidly than the eye regions of an individual in a neutral affective state. However, how attentional resources affect the processing of emotions conveyed by the eye regions remains unclear. Accordingly, the present study employed a dual-target rapid serial visual presentation task: happy, neutral, or fearful eye regions were presented as the second target, with a temporal lag between two targets of 232 or 696 ms. Participants completed two tasks successively: Task 1 was to identify which species the upright eye region they had seen belonged to, and Task 2 was to identify what emotion was conveyed in the upright eye region. The behavioral results showed that the accuracy for fearful eye regions was lower than that for neutral eye regions under the condition of limited attentional resources; however, accuracy differences across the three types of eye regions did not reach significance under the condition of adequate attentional resources. These findings indicate that preferential processing of fearful expressions is not automatic but is modulated by available attentional resources.
Sustainability reporting and earnings manipulation in Saudi market: Does institutional ownership matter?

Abstract Consistent with the notion that sustainability reporting (also known as corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting) signals an ethical corporate culture and high monitoring, this study seeks to determine whether sustainability reporting reduces real earnings management (REM) practices and enhances the financial reporting quality (FRQ) in the Saudi market. The study also aims to investigate whether institutional investors impact this anticipated relationship. The study used two-stage least square (2SLS) regression, focusing on a sample comprising 840 firm-year-observations of firms listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange (Tadawul) during the 2016–2021. The empirical result shows that CSR reporting mitigates REM practice in the Saudi market. It also shows a negative link between institutional ownership and REM. Further, we document that institutional ownership strengthens the CSR-REM relationship. The study’s results remain robust even after conducting sensitivity and additional tests to address endogeneity concerns. These results are important for several users of financial reporting, such as investors, other stakeholders, auditors, financial analysts and researchers interested in understanding the level of FRQ in the Saudi market. Further, it provides a clear picture for regulatory bodies in Saudi Arabia about the current CSR reporting level, FRQ and transparency in the Saudi market that expect to help them improve regulations and rules related to these issues, which, consequently, assist in achieving the vision 2030 goals.
PENGARUH GROWTH OPPORTUNITY, PROFITABILITAS, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL PADA PERUSAHAAN PROPERTI DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh growth opportunity, profitabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap struktur modal pada Perusahaan Properti di Bursa Efek Indonesia baik secara bersama-sama maupun parsial. Populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan properti di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang berjumlah 101 perusahaan dengan periode pengamatan selama 3 tahun yaitu pada tahun 2008, 2009, dan 2010. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa growth opportunity, profitabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal pada Perusahaan Properti di Bursa Efek Indonesia baik secara bersama-sama maupun parsial. Kata Kunci: Growth opportunity, profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, struktur modal
The Role of Communication with the Field during the Pandemic Period: A District Intervention Example in Preventive Health Services

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of administrative meetings with family health center staff on cancer and autism screenings in a district of Istanbul. Material and Method: The study was designed as an intervention research conducted in a district of Istanbul. The population of the study consisted of employees working in family health centers (24 family health centers) in Sultanbeyli district. The meetings were held at the end of February 2022 at the District Health Directorate building. During the meetings, the aspects that need to be improved, especially regarding cancer and autism screenings, were conveyed. Following these meetings for field staff, the changes in preventive health services (number of screenings) at the district level were analyzed. All data were analyzed retrospectively from district health directorate records. Results: For cervical cancer screening, the total number of screenings in Sultanbeyli district in January-February and March-April were 144 and 235, respectively. For colon cancer, the total number of screenings in January-February and March-April were 54 and 277, respectively. The total number of autism screenings in January-February and March-April were 565 and 1388, respectively. Cervical cancer screenings, colon cancer screenings and autism screenings showed statistically significant increases after the meetings (p=0.002, p