Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rail track as a lossy transmission line. Part I: Parameters and new measurement methods

The transmission line representation of a two rail track is used in the paper for purposes of preparation the measurements of their parameters. The problem of precise knowledge of rail track impedance and admittance have been usually solved by analytical calculations. The paper presents a new method of simultaneous measurements of parameters of the track, which could be applied for in situ measurements.
Racial Differences in the Incidence and Survival of Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors.

OBJECTIVES The incidence of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) has been steadily increasing. Racial differences in the incidence and survival are mostly unknown. This study examines the racial differences and the underlying causes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, population-based study using datasets from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry and SEER data linked with Medicare claims (SEER-Medicare). We examined the incidence rates and the effects of patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and socioeconomic factors on survival. RESULTS Of the 15,786 and 1731 cases from SEER and SEER-Medicare, 1991 and 163 were blacks, respectively. We found that blacks had higher NET incidence for all stages, with the largest difference noted in the local stage (4.3 vs 2.6 per 100,000 in whites). We found worse survival for distant-stage black patients, although they more often had clinical factors typically associated with better prognosis in NETs. However, they were also found to have significant unfavorable differences in socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSIONS Blacks have higher incidence of NETs and worse survival compared with other races, especially whites. The influences of neighborhood socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and marital status suggest that social determinants, support mechanisms, and access to health care may be contributing factors.
Permanent magnet design and application handbook

A new approach to the study of permanent magnets a brief history of the permanent magnet terms and definitions classification of permanent magnets and materials basic manufacturing processes fundamentals of magnetism general design considerations leakage and fringing circuit effects exact design methods environmental effects measurement and testing magnetisation, demagnetisation, stabilisation and calibration mechanical considerations standards, specifications and purchasing typical circuits and applications.
Review of available criteria for non-aquatic organisms within PBT/vPvB frameworks - Part I: Bioaccumulation assessment

Aquatic and non-aquatic ecosystems differ with regards to metabolism as well as exposure and uptake routes. Current international and European regulatory criteria for Persistence, Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity (PBT) assessment of chemical substances are mainly based on toxicity and bioaccumulation data in aquatic species. In the literature, there is evidence that several persistent organic chemicals, which are not classified as bioaccumulative and/or toxic in aquatic organisms according to existing criteria, can biomagnify in non-aquatic food chains up to the top predators (including humans) and exert their toxicity. Therefore, the regulatory frameworks may fail to identify a number of substances that are bioaccumulative and/or toxic in non-aquatic organisms and related food chains (exposed through soil and food), but not in aquatic species. Based on these considerations, two reports were prepared on available criteria for non-aquatic organisms within PBT/vPvB frameworks: one on bioaccumulation assessment (Part I) and one on toxicity assessment (Part II). Specifically, the present document illustrates and discusses the outcomes of a regulatory and literature review on available criteria for bioaccumulation assessment in non-aquatic organisms at international and European level (Part I). This report could be used to support an eventual revision of guidance documents, e.g. for REACH (EU Regulation 1907/2006), as well as to promote the harmonisation of regulatory criteria for PBT/vPvB assessment. Review of available criteria for non-aquatic organisms in PBT/vPvB frameworks Stefania Gottardo Nanna B. Hartmann Birgit Sokull-Kluttgen *
Axiomatic system design : chemical mechanical polishing machine case study

Axiomatic design is investigated as a design methodology for large or complex system design. Particular considerations of system design are described and the suitability of axiomatic design for such considerations is discussed. Then, tools to enable successful application of axiomatic design to systems are developed. The tools are expressed as theorems for axiomatic system design. The first theorem describes conditions for equivalence of FRs, and helps define the relationships within a design matrix. The second theorem describes a method of using only leaf levels to represent a system, and re-sequencing the design to achieve a decoupled matrix. Therefore, some types of coupling at high levels may be reduced or eliminated. The third theorem defines the decomposition strategy that is necessary to make axiomatic design compatible with object-oriented simulation models that are created starting with the high levels of the decomposition. The fourth and fifth theorems present a new method for considering and increasing system robustness to external noise factors during the conceptual design phase. While techniques for increasing robustness to external noise factors are known, integrating them into axiomatic design has not been shown previously. A case study of the design of a machine tool system for polishing silicon wafers using chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is presented. The CMP system architecture is decomposed from top level requirements using the principles of axiomatic design, and the theorems developed in this thesis. The CMP system was designed and fabricated at MIT by a team of students, and has demonstrated excellent capability to remove material from the surface of a wafer while offering increased control of the removal profile. Thesis Supervisor: Nam P Suh Title: Ralph E & Eloise F Cross Professor of Mechanical Engineering Committee Members: Jung-Hoon Chun, Professor of Mechanical Engineering Daniel Frey, Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering Seth Lloyd, Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Stability of Curved Bridges During Construction

Because of the increasing demand for curved bridges combined with challenges of design and construction there is need to improve practices for the efficient design and construction of curved bridges. This report presents the results of two projects aimed at establishing a curved steel bridge research program within the University of Alabama system: UTCA Project 01223, "Design and Construction of Modern Curved Bridges," and UTCA Project 03228, "Stability of Curved Bridges during Construction. " The overall objectives of these projects were to improve design and construction practices, improve economic efficiency, and increase safety by investigating stability issues associated with the construction of horizontally curved bridges. Activities of the project included (1) synthesizing curved bridge stability research and state-of-the-art practice, (2) identifying construction stability research needs through contact with the Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT), prominent researchers, and industry, and (3) conducting fundamental stability research that will improve curved bridge design and construction methodology. The stability of both I- and box-shaped curved girders was considered. The planning, design, fabrication, and construction of a local curved I-girder bridge flyover was studied to gain a better understanding of practical challenges associated with curved bridge design and construction. Students conducted analytical investigations involving advanced theoretical approaches to solving governing stability equations as well as the use of advanced finite element methods. Several papers and presentations resulted. The project enabled the investigators to participate in national level conferences and meetings. The report provides an in-depth synthesis of literature and current practice related to the design and construction of curved I-girder and box girder bridges and an outline of needs for future research. The research literature collected will facilitate continued research efforts. Additional technical results of the effort have been and will continue to be disseminated through conference presentations and proceedings, journal publications, and student theses and dissertations.
Design and implementation of a CPLD-based SVPWM ASIC for variable-speed control of AC motor drives

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an SVPWM ASIC for variable-speed control of AC motor drives, employing an Altera FLEX 10K100A CPLD device. Given the d-q axes sinusoidal references from the EPROM look-up tables, the ASIC can generate alternating-reversing switching PWM sequences to control the motor speed. The firing times of the PWM sequences are functions of the switching period, the DC bus voltage, and the component voltage of the reference vector. The computation of the functions is simple, and hence can be easily carried out by digital hardware. Simulation and experimental results show the performance of the proposed SVPWM ASIC.
Low input organic vis-a-vis conventional inorganic management for wheat: an analysis of variation for yield and yield components

Organic farming presents contrasting conditions to inorganic input-based farming, and therefore availability of suitable varieties responsive to those specific conditions had been a big constraint in realizing its full potential. A study was conducted during 2017-18 under conventional inorganic (I) and low input organic (O) conditions at Experimental Farm, CSK HPKV, Palampur with the objectives to evaluate 15 diverse wheat germplasm lines for grain yield and other agromorphological traits for genetic variation studies and to identify reliable selection criteria for low input organic conditions. In general, the mean and range for most of the traits were found to be lower under the low input organic system as compared to the high input chemical system. Seed yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with days to flowering, days to maturity, tillers per plant, and spike length under organic system and with plant height, tillers per plant, and 100-seed weight under high input chemical system. Based upon the correlation and path studies days to flowering, days to maturity, tillers per plant, and spike length were considered as target traits to improve wheat grain yield under organic input condition, while plant height, tillers per plant, and 100-seed weight were found important traits for selection under chemical input conditions. The traits exhibiting positive association with yield under chemical input conditions were found to be non-significant under organic conditions and this change in correlation patterns under the two different conditions was due to the influence of genetic interactions. Hence, the present study showed that exposure to organic inputs conditions may induce positive or negative correlation among traits due to the expression of new gene advocating thereby that a separate breeding program is required for breeding varieties for organic agriculture.
Development of a Rate of Injection Bench and Constant Volume Combustion Chamber for Diesel Spray Diagnostics

To help understand the complex fuel spray combustion phenomena in modern diesel engine using high injection pressure, a fuel injection test bench and a constant volume combustion chamber were developed and demonstrated in this study for diesel spray diagnostics. Both facilities are significant when linking between spray injection and combustion dynamics and engine performance. This link is important to determine changes needed in order to optimize the performance of a diesel engine. Combustion and emissions of a diesel engine are influenced by the rate of fuel injection which, in turn, is determined by the injection pressure, nozzle geometry, and fuel type. The rate of injection bench capable of studying a modern common-rail injection system was designed, fabricated, and demonstrated in this study. Experimental apparatus included a high pressure fuel pump, a fuel rail, a transient pressure transducer, and a data acquisition and control system. The rates of injection of different injectors with various nozzle diameters and spray angles injecting different types of fuel under different injection schemes were investigated. Results of this study showed that for the same injector, the differences in the rates of injection were negligible under the same injection conditions with variations only in the back pressure from 2.07 MPa to 6.21 MPa. When injection pressure was increased from 75 MPa, to 100 MPa, and to 150 MPa more fuel was injected and the rise and decay of the injection rate also increased. This indicated that fuel exited the nozzle at a faster rate. Subsequently, as injection pressure was increased, a higher peak injection rate was seen. If the same fuel quantity was desired, injection duration was shortened. When comparing the rate of injection for diesel and biodiesel blend (i.e, B20 and B100), the rates of injection were comparable but the injected mass of biodiesel was slightly higher because biodiesel has a slightly higher density. On the other hand, the difference in the
Impact of the boundary layer on pointing and tracking in airborne free-space laser communication links

Abstract : Free-space laser communication is a developing technology with enormous potential to revolutionize the way people communicate across the globe. Of specific interest are air-to-space lasercom links. Such a link experiences atmospheric scintillation, platform jitter, and boundary layer turbulence. This research investigated the tracking challenge using a focal plane array sensor with centroid and peak tracking algorithms. Also investigated was the use of a deformable mirror to recreate optical phase distortions from boundary layer turbulence. Experiments were conducted with realistic channel effects for multiple look angles between a subsonic aircraft at 29 kft and geosynchronous satellite. Performance was determined by power delivered to an optical fiber. The results show that the two tracking algorithms can differ by up to one decibel of fiber power, with centroid tracking generally performing best. Conclusions are highly dependent on aircraft and spacecraft parameters but point towards centroid tracking for maximizing received power.
Real- time interaction analysis of Shiga toxins and membrane microdomains of primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells.

Infections of the human intestinal tract with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) result in massive extraintestinal complications due to translocation of EHEC-released Shiga toxins (Stxs) from the gut into the circulation. Stx-mediated damage of the cerebral microvasculature raises serious brain dysfunction being the most frequent cause of acute mortality in patients suffering from severe EHEC infections. Stx2a and Stx2e are associated with heavy and mild course of infection, respectively. Stx2a preferentially binds to globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer, Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer), while Stx2e prefers globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer, GalNAcβ1-3Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer). Both glycosphingolipids (GSLs) were detected in detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) of primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (pHBMECs) resembling microdomains of the plasma membrane. In this study we show that Gb3Cer and Gb4Cer of pHBMECs with saturated C16:0, C22:0, and C24:0 fatty acids dominated in DRMs, corresponding to the liquid-ordered membrane phase, whereas lipoforms carrying unsaturated C24:1 and C24:2 fatty acids prevailed in the nonDRM fractions, which correspond to the liquid-disordered membrane phase. Similarly, a shift of the phospholipids from saturated lipoforms in the DRM to unsaturated species in the nonDRM fractions was observed. Real-time biomolecular interaction analysis using affinity-purified Stx2a and Stx2e, recorded with a surface acoustic wave (SAW) biosensor, evidenced high binding strength of both toxins towards DRMs and failure in interaction with nonDRMs. These results support the hypothesis of preferential binding of Stxs towards microdomains harbouring GSL receptors carrying saturated fatty acids in their lipid anchors. Collectively, unravelling the precise mechanisms of Stx-microdomain interaction may help to develop antiadhesive compounds to combat Stx-mediated cellular injury.
The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Plasma Adiponectin Levels, Insulin Sensitivity and Resistance in Sedentary Young Men

هديكچ مز ي فده و هن : يمسيلگرپيه رد يمهم شقن نيتكنوپيدآ ل ، ي لوپ ي ز مسيناكم و دراد يباهتلا ياه . مسيناكم و نيتكنوـپيدآ نيـب طاـبترا دـنناوتب هك يياه نيلوسنا تمواقم لاعف هب خساپ رد ار ي ت اه ي شزرو ي هدنام يقاب مهبم زونه ،دنهد حيضوت دنا . ا فده نيا ز هعلاطم ، عت يي ن ثأـت ي ر هـتفه شـش رـمت ي ن بوانت ي لااب تدش اب ) HIIT ( طس رب و امسلاپ ح يي دآ ي تکنوپ ي تمواقم ،ن و ساسح ي لوسنا ت ي ن ي اتب لولس درکلمع و غ ناوج نادرم رد ي ر لاعف دوب . سررب شور ي : هب ا ي روظنم ن ، ١٨ وجشناد زا رفن ي ب نا ه ا رد هنابلطواد تروص ي ن شهوژپ تکرش دندرک تروص هب و فداصت ي ـ برجت هورـگ ود هـب ي ) ٩ n= ، نـس : ٤١ / ١ ± ٣٣ / ٢٤ لاـس دـق ، : ٩١ / ٤ ± ٢٢ / ١٧٦ يتناـس رـتم نزو ، : ٥٩ / ٦ ± ٢٧ / ٧٢ وـليك مرـگ ( لرـتنک و ) ٩ n= ، نـس : ٠١ / ٢ ± ٢٧ / ٢٣ لاـس ، دق : ٨٨ / ٦ ± ٢٢ / ١٨٠ يتناس رتم نزو ، : ٢٣ / ٧ ± ٢٧ / ٧٦ وليك مرگ ( سقت ي دندش م . برجت هورگ ي تدم هب شش مت لکتورپ هتفه رد هسلج هس و هتفه ر ي ـ ن ي
Projects in the ESL Classroom : An Example Using the Grimm Brothers' "The Three Little Pigs"

This paper presents an example of a project for first year English communication students based upon the Grimm Brothers’ folktale, “The Three Little Pigs”, that was used to supplement a chapter from the textbook, Talk A Lot: Book One. The main objectives of the project were to increase communicative competence among students
A Wire Antenna Designed for Space Wave Radiation Over the Earth Using a Genetic Algorithm

Abstract : A wire antenna is designed for optimal performance at low elevation angles in the presence of a lossy half-space. A simple genetic algorithm (GA) and GENOCOP III software are each integrated with Numerical Electromagnetics Code Version 4.1 (NEC4.1) to optimize a wire antenna geometry for multiple objectives: power gain, azimuthal symmetry, and input impedance. The performance of the two versions of the integrated GA are compared. Several of the resulting antennas are analyzed, and an antenna is proposed for use in a Remote Intrusion Monitoring System (RIMS). Simulations suggest that the proposed antenna, which is well-matched, offers a significant increase in power gain at low elevation angles compared to the quarter-wavelength monopole. The performance of the proposed antenna surpasses that of the monopole at the necessary frequencies and a wide range of soil types. Also, the new antenna performance is not degraded by structure geometry perturbations.
USERS' EMOTIONAL AND MATERIAL SATISFACTION AT THE MICRO/MACRO LEVELS IN AN ACADEMIC LIBRARY

In late 1990s, Gap theories and the LibQual model began to be widely accepted by research libraries in the U.S. Since then, library service evaluation and user satisfaction issues have been discussed in various aspects of both the research and professional literatures of library and information science. Although the research presented herein is concerned with the evaluation of library services from users' perspectives -- like LibQual, for example -- it integrated other perspectives proposed in recent years by library researchers, including emotional and material satisfaction, service encounter and overall service satisfaction, and user satisfaction at the micro and macro levels. Specifically, the interrelationship of material and emotional satisfaction with the satisfactions at the micro and macro levels was investigated. In addition, this study sought to clarify factors or attributes of library services that contribute to user satisfaction at the micro and macro levels. Finally, the study examined how users' emotional and material satisfaction contribute to overall user satisfaction and user behavior, including user library use behavior in the short term (immediate next time information seeking) and the long term (library use loyalty). In order to gather data on these user satisfaction issues, a Web survey of college students, a major academic library user group, was conducted at the University of Pittsburgh. Each participant completed a five section HTML survey questionnaire designed to collect information about their perception and attitude towards library resources and services.Specifically, the findings provide library professionals greater understanding of how users perceive their library use and how user satisfaction is formed and influenced, in terms of its formation, antecedent, and consequent impact. The research also provides librarians with what is hoped will be practical advice on what else they can or should do to improve library use. For instance, it is important to recognize users' emotional experience in their library use because it determines their immediate next time library use behavior and service use loyalty; it is easier to achieve service use loyalty for repeat users in some specific services than to achieve general library use loyalty for them or occasional users.
Is War Necessary for Economic Growth? Military Procurement and Technology Development

New radical general purpose technologies have been the drivers of economic growth in the United States economy in recent economic history. In this paper I review the role of military and defense related research, technology development, and procurement in the development of the aircraft, nuclear power, computer, semiconductor, internet and the space communication and earth observing industries. The development of each of these industries would have been substantially delayed in the absence of support for research, technology development and procurement by the military and defense related agencies. Rates of productivity and output growth would have been substantially slower. By the early 1990's it was becoming clear that changes in the United States economy, of the defense industrial base, and in United States military and defense strategy meant that the defense and defense related industries would no longer play a prominent role in the development of new general purpose technologies. There has been a relative decline in investment in basic research and in early stage technology development in the private sector. The United States has yet to develop a coherent strategy for the public support of commercial technology development. My own sense is that when the history of United States technology development for the next half century is eventually written it will be characterized by incremental rather than revolutionary changes in both military and commercial technology. It will also be written in the context of slower productivity and output growth than the rates that prevailed in the United States during the first several post war decades or since the beginning of the information technology bubble that began in the early 1990s.