Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward Research-Informed Design Implications for Interventions Limiting Smartphone Use: Functionalities Review of Digital Well-being Apps

Background Much research in human-computer interaction has focused on well-being and how it can be better supported through a range of technologies, from affective interfaces to mindfulness systems. At the same time, we have seen a growing number of commercial digital well-being apps. However, there has been limited scholarly work reviewing these apps. Objective This paper aims to report on an autoethnographic study and functionality review of the 39 most popular commercial digital well-being apps on Google Play Store and 17 apps described in academic papers. Methods From 1250 apps on Google Play Store, we selected 39 (3.12%) digital well-being apps, and from Google Scholar, we identified 17 papers describing academic apps. Both sets of digital well-being apps were analyzed through a review of their functionalities based on their descriptions. The commercial apps were also analyzed through autoethnography, wherein the first author interacted with them to understand how these functionalities work and how they may be experienced by users in their daily lives. Results Our findings indicate that these apps focus mostly on limiting screen time, and we advanced a richer conversation about such apps, articulating the distinctions among monitoring use, tracking use against set limits, and 4 specific interventions supporting limited use. Conclusions We conclude with 6 implications for designing digital well-being apps, namely calling to move beyond screen time and support the broader focus of digital well-being; supporting meaningful use rather than limiting meaningless use; leveraging (digital) navigation in design for friction; supporting collaborative interaction to limit phone overuse; supporting explicit, time-based visualizations for monitoring functionality; and supporting the ethical design of digital well-being apps.
Time-resolving characterization of molecular weight retention changes among three synthetic high-flux dialyzers.

BACKGROUND Toxin removal capacity (i.e. performance) of a dialyzer is not constant but diminishes during treatment, as the adsorption of proteins to the membrane provides an additional barrier to uremic solutes. We investigated time-resolving molecular weight retention changes among synthetic high-flux dialyzers and compare the results with recent data from a randomized controlled trial. METHODS In plasma recirculation experiments over 240min, sieving coefficients (SC) for β2-microglobulin, myoglobin and albumin were determined for the FX CorAL (Fresenius Medical Care), ELISIO (Nipro) and xevonta (B. Braun). Molecular weight retention (MWR) curves were generated and the shifts over 120min were characterized. Effective pore radius was determined, and the predicted albumin loss was compared with clinical data. RESULTS SC decreased over time for all dialyzers (mean relative decrease across all dialyzers: β2-microglobulin: 8.0% (120min); myoglobin: 56.6% (240min); albumin: 94.1% (240min)). FX CorAL (7.3%, 52.6% and 91.1%) and ELISIO (7.7%, 51.0% and 93.8%) showed a lower decrease than xevonta (9.0%, 66.2% and 97.4%). For all dialyzers, MWR curves shifted towards lower molecular weight, with the lowest shift for FX CorAL (by 0.23nm at SC50%, 120 min) and highest for xevonta (0.50nm). FX CorAL had the highest slope over time and the smallest decrease in the effective pore radius (2min: 2.31nm, 120min: 2.08nm). Predicted albumin loss over 4h was highest for xevonta (609.3mg) and comparable between ELISIO (283.6mg) and FX CorAL (313.3mg). CONCLUSIONS Substantial differences in the temporal performance profile of dialyzers exist. The present approach allows characterization of dialyzer permeability changes over time using standard, clinically relevant protein markers.
Factors Associated With Surgical Site Infections After Fasciotomy in Patients With Compartment Syndrome

Introduction: Fasciotomy is the standard of care to treat acute compartment syndrome (ACS). Although fasciotomies often prevent serious complications, postoperative complications can be notable. Surgical site infection (SSI) in these patients is as high as 30%. The objective of this study was to determine factors that increase the risk of SSI in patients with ACS. Methods: A retrospective review of 142 patients with compartment syndrome over 10 years was done. We collected basic demographics, mechanism of trauma, time to fasciotomy, incidence of SSI, use of prophylactic antibiotics, and type and time to wound closure. Statistical analysis of continuous variables was done using the Student t-test, ANOVA, multivariable regression model, and categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test. Results: Twenty-five patients with ACS (17.6%) developed infection that required additional treatment. In the multivariate regression model, there were significant differences in median time to closure in patients with infection versus those without, odds ratio: 1.06 (Confidence Interval 95% [1.00 to 1.11]), P = 0.036. No differences were observed in infection based on the mechanism of injury, wound management modality, or the presence of associated diagnoses. Conclusion: In patients with ACS, the time to closure after fasciotomy is associated with the incidence of SSI. There seems to be a golden period for closure at 4 to 5 days after fasciotomy. The ability to close is often limited by multiple factors, but the correlation between time to closure and infection in this study suggests that it is worth exploring different closure methods if the wound cannot be closed primarily within the given timeframe.
SP 800-100. Information Security Handbook: A Guide for Managers

This Information Security Handbook provides a broad overview of information security program elements to assist managers in understanding how to establish and implement an information security program. Typically, the organization looks to the program for overall responsibility to ensure the selection and implementation of appropriate security controls and to demonstrate the effectiveness of satisfying their stated security requirements. The topics within this document were selected based on the laws and regulations relevant to information security, including the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996, the Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) of 2002, and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-130. The material in this handbook can be referenced for general information on a particular topic or can be used in the decision making process for developing an information security program. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Interagency Report (IR) 7298, Glossary of Key Information Security Terms, provides a summary glossary for the basic security terms used throughout this document. While reading this handbook, please consider that the guidance is not specific to a particular agency. Agencies should tailor this guidance according to their security posture and business requirements.
How we continue bonds with deceased persons: The proximity-seeking behavior scale

Abstract Continuing bonds is a multifaceted process, encompassing perceptions, beliefs, illusions and hallucinations, and overt behaviors. We developed the Proximity-Seeking Behavior Scale (PSBS) to assess overt behavior to continue bonds with the deceased person. We had 694 bereaved adults complete an online survey. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded a one-factor model for PSBS items. PSBS reliability was good. PSBS scores correlated positively with rumination and yearning, feeling connected to the deceased person, and prolonged grief and depression symptoms. The PSBS appears a reliable and valid instrument to assess proximity-seeking behaviors.
Assessing the Effectiveness of the Cincinnati Police Department’s Automatic License Plate Reader System within the Framework of Intelligence-Led Policing and Crime Prevention Theory

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of ALPR systems within the framework of intelligence-led policing in two specific ways. First, the impact of ALPR systems on policing will be analyzed through assessments of crime clearance rates (follow-up arrests). In addition to impact analysis, ALPR mobile units and traditional policing will be compared for their manpower and cost effectiveness. Second, this study will identify and recommend the most effective strategies for deployment of ALPR units based on optimal crime reduction benefits through arrests and crime prevention techniques. Using the tenets of specific theories of crime prevention, including offender search theory and crime pattern theory, this study examines whether crime prevention theory can assist researchers and police leaders to optimally allocate ALPR mobile units to prevent crime before it occurs. Based on this analysis, specific recommendations regarding deployment of ALPR units will be provided. The current study is organized into five remaining chapters. Chapter 2 begins with a brief review of policing strategies to create a basis for the distinction of policing philosophies and the organizational structure of police work. Specific attention will be given to intelligence-led policing (ILP) strategies. The underlying premises of ILP will be used to develop a framework that directs discussions regarding effective crime control models. Chapter 3 specifically focuses on ALPR as an example of an approach that furthers the goals of the data-driven, ILP model. Following a descriptive overview of ALPR technology, the scant literature regarding the effectiveness of ALPR is reviewed. Given the implications of ALPR for possible crime prevention, specific tenets of relevant crime prevention theories are reviewed in the context of how they might be utilized to improve the effectiveness of ALPR systems. Chapter 4 presents in detail the study’s specific research questions and hypotheses, and provides a description of the multiple data sources used to examine these questions. The proposed analytical strategy, as well as the strengths and limitations of the study’s methodology, are reviewed. The results of the proposed analyses will be Chapter 5 in the final dissertation, while the discussion and implications of these findings will comprise Chapter 6. It is anticipated that this research will bring two new insights into the policing literature. First, the evaluation of the effectiveness of data driven approaches (using ALPR units as an example) will provide a guide for police departments seeking to empirically determine the value of other data-driven techniques. Second, policing scholars have stressed that the importance of data management methods in crime prevention is generally neglected (Manning, 2001; Webb, Smith, & Laycock, 2004). This study intends to bridge this gap by focusing on strategic deployment of ALPR mobile units using crime prevention theory as a guide.
Frequency and Risk Factors for Difficult Intubation in Women Undergoing General Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Analysis

Background: Estimates for the incidence of difficult intubation in the obstetric population vary widely, although previous studies reporting rates of difficult intubation in obstetrics are older and limited by smaller samples. The goals of this study were to provide a contemporary estimate of the frequency of difficult and failed intubation in women undergoing general anesthesia for cesarean delivery and to elucidate risk factors for difficult intubation in women undergoing general anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Methods: This is a multicenter, retrospective cohort study utilizing the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group database. The study population included women aged 15 to 44 yr undergoing general anesthesia for cesarean delivery between 2004 and 2019 at 1 of 45 medical centers. Coprimary outcomes included the frequencies of difficult and failed intubation. Difficult intubation was defined as Cormack–Lehane view of 3 or greater, three or more intubation attempts, rescue fiberoptic intubation, rescue supraglottic airway, or surgical airway. Failed intubation was defined as any attempt at intubation without successful endotracheal tube placement. The rates of difficult and failed intubation were assessed. Several patient demographic, anatomical, and obstetric factors were evaluated for potential associations with difficult intubation. Results: This study identified 14,748 cases of cesarean delivery performed under general anesthesia. There were 295 cases of difficult intubation, with a frequency of 1:49 (95% CI, 1:55 to 1:44; n = 14,531). There were 18 cases of failed intubation, with a frequency of 1:808 (95% CI, 1:1,276 to 1:511; n = 14,537). Factors with the highest point estimates for the odds of difficult intubation included increased body mass index, Mallampati score III or IV, small hyoid-to-mentum distance, limited jaw protrusion, limited mouth opening, and cervical spine limitations. Conclusions: In this large, multicenter, contemporary study of more than 14,000 general anesthetics for cesarean delivery, an overall risk of difficult intubation of 1:49 and a risk of failed intubation of 1:808 were observed. Most risk factors for difficult intubation were nonobstetric in nature. These data demonstrate that difficult intubation in obstetrics remains an ongoing concern. In a cohort of more than 14,000 women receiving general anesthetics for cesarean delivery, the risk of difficult intubation was 1 in 49, and the risk of failed intubation was 1 in 808. Risk factors for difficult intubation included increased body mass index, Mallampati score III or IV, small hyoid-to-mentum distance, limited jaw protrusion, limited mouth opening, and cervical spine limitations.
Fetal lung regeneration using stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles: A new frontier for pulmonary hypoplasia secondary to congenital diaphragmatic hernia

The poor outcomes of babies with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are directly related to pulmonary hypoplasia, a condition characterized by impaired lung development. Although the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypoplasia is not fully elucidated, there is now evidence that CDH patients have missing or dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate lung development. A prenatal therapy that supplements these missing/dysregulated miRNAs could be a strategy to rescue normal lung development. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), also known as exosomes when of small dimensions, are lipid‐bound nanoparticles that can transfer their heterogeneous cargo (proteins, lipids, small RNAs) to target cells to induce biological responses. Herein, we review all studies that show evidence for stem cell‐derived EVs as a regenerative therapy to rescue normal development in CDH fetal lungs. Particularly, we report studies showing that administration of EVs derived from amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC‐EVs) to models of pulmonary hypoplasia promotes fetal lung growth and maturation via transfer of miRNAs that are known to regulate lung developmental processes. We also describe that stem cell‐derived EVs exert effects on vascular remodeling, thus possibly preventing postnatal pulmonary hypertension. Finally, we discuss future perspectives and challenges to translate this promising stem cell EV‐based therapy to clinical practice.
On the relation between a green and bright window view and length of hospital stay in affective disorders

Abstract Background The salutary effect of window views on greenery for inpatients in hospitals on length of stay and recovery rate has been repeatedly shown, however, not for psychiatric inpatients. The study assessed the association between a window view on green trees or man-made objects and brightness of the room on length of stay in a sample of psychiatric inpatients from one clinic. Methods Data records of 244 psychiatric inpatients (mean age in years 41.8; SD = 11.8; 59.8% female, length of stay varying between 7 and 100 days) that were admitted between May 2013 and October 2018 with affective disorders were examined. Window view was assessed with images taken from each room and classified into showing man-made objects or green trees. The percentage of green within each image was also calculated as greenness of the view. Brightness was assessed with a luxmeter. Results Although no effect was found for the dichotomous measures (man-made objects vs. green trees), a suppression effect emerged for percentage of green and brightness. The results indicate that both greenness of the window view as well as brightness significantly reduce length of stay in psychiatric inpatients with affective disorders. Conclusions The suppression effect likely results from the characteristics of the windows; the greenest rooms also being the darkest. Due to the infrastructure of the ward, greenness and brightness came at the expense of each other. The results generally support the importance of a view into greenery and natural sunlight for recovery.
Impact of DHCWs’ Safety Perception on Vaccine Acceptance and Adoption of Risk Mitigation Strategies

Objectives: To estimate the association between safety perception on vaccine acceptance and adoptions of risk mitigation strategies among dental health care workers (DHCWs). Methods: A survey was emailed to DHCWs in the New Jersey area from December 2020 to January 2021. Perceived safety from regular SARS-CoV-2 testing of self, coworkers, and patients and its association with vaccine hesitancy and risk mitigation were ascertained. Risk Mitigation Strategy (RiMS) scores were computed from groupings of office measures: 1) physical distancing (reduced occupancy, traffic flow, donning of masks, minimal room crowding), 2) personal protective equipment (fitted for N95; donning N95 masks; use of face shields; coverings for head, body, and feet), and 3) environmental disinfection (suction, air filtration, ultraviolet, surface wiping). Results: SARS-CoV-2 testing of dental professionals, coworkers, and patients were perceived to provide safety at 49%, 55%, and 68%, respectively. While dentists were least likely to feel safe with regular self-testing for SARS-CoV-2 (P < 0.001) as compared with hygienists and assistants, they were more willing than hygienists (P = 0.004; odds ratio, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.21 to 2.66]) and assistants (P < 0.001; odds ratio, 3.32 [95% CI, 1.93 to 5.71]) to receive the vaccine. RiMS scores ranged from 0 to 19 for 467 participants (mean [SD], 10.9 [2.9]). RiMS scores did not significantly differ among groups of DHCWs; however, mean RiMS scores were higher among those who received or planned to receive the COVID-19 vaccine than those with who did not (P = 0.004). DHCWs who felt safer with regular testing had greater RiMS scores than those who did not (11.0 vs. 10.3, P = 0.01). Conclusions: Understanding DHCWs’ perception of risk and safety is crucial, as it likely influences attitudes toward testing and implementation of office risk mitigation policies. Clinical studies that correlate risk perception and RiMS with SARS-CoV-2 testing are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness of RiMS in dental care settings. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Educators, clinicians, and policy makers can use the results of this study when improving attitudes toward testing and implementation of risk mitigation policies within dental offices, for current and future pandemics.
Alterations in DNA methylation associate with fatty liver and metabolic abnormalities in a multi-ethnic cohort of pre-teenage children

ABSTRACT Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children. Epigenetic alterations, such as through DNA methylation (DNAm), may link adverse childhood exposures and fatty liver and provide non-invasive methods for identifying children at high risk for NAFLD and associated metabolic dysfunction. We investigated the association between differential DNAm and liver fat content (LFC) and liver injury in pre-adolescent children. Leveraging data from the Newborn Epigenetics Study (NEST), we enrolled 90 mother-child dyads and used linear regression to identify CpG sites and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in peripheral blood associated with LFC and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in 7–12yo children. DNAm was measured using Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChips (Illumina). LFC and fibrosis were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction and elastography. Median LFC was 1.4% (range, 0.3–13.4%) and MRE was 2.5 kPa (range, 1.5–3.6kPa). Three children had LFC ≥ 5%, while six (7.6%) met our definition of NAFLD (LFC ≥ 3.7%). All children with NAFLD were obese and five were Black. LFC was associated with 88 DMRs and 106 CpGs (FDR<5%). The top two CpGs, cg25474373 and cg07264203, mapped to or near RFTN2 and PRICKLE2 genes. These two CpG sites were also significantly associated with a NAFLD diagnosis. As higher LFC associates with an adverse cardiometabolic profile already in childhood, altered DNAm may identify these children early in disease course for targeted intervention. Larger, longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings and determine mechanistic relevance.
Healthy lifestyle and the risk of conventional adenomas and serrated polyps: Findings from a large colonoscopy screening population

Evidence on the link between healthy lifestyle and colorectal cancer (CRC) precursors is limited. Our study aimed to examine and compare the associations of healthy lifestyle with CRC precursors in adenoma (AD)‐carcinoma and serrated pathways. A total of 24 480 participants including 6309 ADs, 1343 serrated polyps (SPs), and 16 828 polyp‐free controls were included. A healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was constructed based on five lifestyle factors including cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, diet and body weight, and categorized into least, slightly, moderately and most healthy. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Inverse dose‐response associations between the HLS and risk of ADs were observed (OR per 1 score increment for ADs: 0.82 [95% CI 0.79‐0.84]; for SPs: 0.73 [95% CI 0.69‐0.78]), and the association with SPs was more evident than with ADs (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85‐0.96). Compared to participants with the least healthy lifestyle, those with the most healthy lifestyle had 47% lower risk of ADs (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.47‐0.59) and 70% lower risk of SPs (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.23‐0.39), respectively. These inverse associations were consistent across lesion stage and anatomic subsite and not modified by any stratification factors. The risk advancement periods for the most vs the least healthy lifestyle were −9.49 years for ADs and −20.69 years for SPs. Our findings help confirm the preventive role of healthy lifestyle in colorectal carcinogenesis.