Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Faced Entanglement

Detailed analysis of behavior of spin-entangled particle pairs under arbitrary rotations in their Hilbert space has been performed. It shows a rich range of varieties (faces) of entanglement in different bases. Analytic criteria are obtained for the respective faces of an entangled state. The corresponding conditions generally depend on both the state itself and the chosen basis. The most important result is revealing a deep analogy between a spin-entangled electronic qubit pair and momentum-entangled photon pair. Both cases exhibit coherence transfer from individual particles to nonlocal state of the system. This analogy allows us to predict certain features of the interference patterns in spin-entangled qubit pairs.
Impact of topsoil mining for unfired mudbricks on soil quality in eastern KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa

Topsoil mining associated with informal mud brick making is common in rural villages of South Africa. The impact of topsoil mining on soil quality, however has not been investigated. This study therefore assessed the impact of topsoil mining associated with unfired mud bricks on selected soil quality indicators in two villages of KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. First, local miners were interviewed to ascertain information related to topsoil mining, brickfield site identification and soil suitability for mud bricks. Two brickfields per village mined for ≤5 and > 20 years, respectively were used in this study. Experiment consisted of three treatments, that is, unmined, mined and recovering lands replicated three times. Nine soil samples were collected (0–10 cm) from each site (three composite samples per treatment) with corresponding bulk density samples taken at 0–5 cm using core rings. The average topsoil mining depth was 30 cm. Interviews revealed that isidaka (poorly drained sandy clay) and isibomvu (red soil) are preferred over ubumba (clayey) soils. Topsoil mining increased silt fraction across all studied brickfields with an average of 45.2% in mined compared with 30.6% in unmined treatments. The response of clay fractions was variable across villages and mining time. Mining significantly decreased mean weight diameter, exchangeable bases, organic carbon, and nitrogen content and stocks and porosity while it increased bulk density. Results show that topsoil mining for mud brick making results in poor soil physical quality, nutrient availability and carbon storage with implications for land degradation in mud brickfields.
Most Hard-X-Ray-Selected Quasars in the Chandra Deep Fields are Obscured

Measuring the population of obscured quasars is one of the key issues in understanding the evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). With a redshift completeness of 99%, the X-ray sources detected in the Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S) provide the best sample for this issue. In this paper, we study the population of obscured quasars in CDF-S by choosing the 4-7 keV selected sample, which is less biased by the intrinsic X-ray absorption. The 4-7 keV band-selected samples also filter out most of the X-ray-faint sources with too few counts, for which the measurements of NH and LX have very large uncertainties. Simply adopting the best-fit L2-10 keV and NH, we find that 71% ± 19% (20 out of 28) of the quasars (with intrinsic L2-10 keV > 1044 ergs s-1) are obscured with NH > 1022 cm-2. Taking into account the uncertainties in the measurements of both NH and LX, conservative lower and upper limits for the fraction are 54% (13 out 24) and 84% (31 out 37). In the Chandra Deep Field North, the number is 29%; however, this is mainly due to the redshift incompleteness. We estimate a fraction of ~50%-63% after correcting for the redshift incompleteness with a straightforward approach. Our results robustly confirm the existence of a large population of obscured quasars.
DPA promotes hBMSCs osteogenic differentiation by miR-9-5p/ERK/ALP signaling pathway

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been reported potentiate osteogenic differentiation, while Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), another Omega-3 fatty acid, its contribution to the osteogenic differentiation of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) is not entirely elucidated. The Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining and the expression of osteogenesis‑associated genes were analyzed during osteogenic induction by DPA. Then, bioinformatics analysis and dual luciferase reporter assays were investigated to confirm the interactions between miR-9-5p and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). miR-9-5p mimics / inhibitor were transfected to human hBMSCs and the osteogenic assay above was also performed. Furthermore, DPA significantly promoted the phosphorylation of ERK via miR-9-5p. PD98059, a highly specific and potent ERK1/2 inhibitor, inhibited the activation of ALP and partially reversed the role of DPA during osteogenic differentiation. These data indicated that DPA promoted osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs potentially through miR-9-5p/ERK/ALP signaling pathway, providing a potentially useful therapeutic strategy for patients to improve bone loss.
Effect of graphene substrate on the spectroscopic properties of photovoltaic molecules: role of the in-plane and out-of-plane π-bonds

The electronic structure of pentacene decorated with dipole groups (d-pentacene) and adsorbed onto a graphene substrate has been studied within the density functional theory. Three reference configurations have been considered, namely the ideal molecule without distortions, the actual molecule including intramolecular distortions and the molecule adsorbed onto graphene. Calculations show a noticeable charge redistribution within the d-pentacene + graphene system due to molecular distortion, as well as the formation of weak π-bonds between the molecule and the substrate. Additionally, the effect of the chemical modification of the terminal saturation with –H by –OH and =O is checked to explore the possibility of “levels engineering”. The imaginary part of the dielectric function of d-pentacene in the ideal and distorted conformations and the molecule adsorbed at graphene were calculated within the random phase approximation. Results show that, even though molecular distortions change apreciably the absorption spectrum of isolated d-pentacene, the adsorbed molecule exhibits an optical spectrum which mimics quite much that of single graphene.
Importance and challenges for agriculture from High Nature Value Farmlands (HNVf) in Poland in the context of the provision of public goods under the European Green Deal

The study aims to identify and characterise the organisational and economic features of agriculture in Poland in areas (communes) with different saturation of agriculture from High Nature Value farmlands (HNVf areas) with exceptionally high natural value. It is also important to determine whether the potential changes in agriculture in communes with a particularly large share of them do not harm the natural environment and limit the possibility of providing society with public goods. The delimitation of the three scenarios of HNVf areas was designated in the country at the request of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in 2018. HNVf areas of moderate, high, and exceptionally high natural value were designated. To achieve the purpose of the study, data from the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture (ARMA) for 2016 and 2021 and data from the Polish Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) for 2018-2020 was obtained. It was established that in Poland, the share of HNVf areas currently ranges from 12.5 (exceptionally high natural value) to 27.1% (moderate-high nature value) of the total UAA. Compared to other areas, HNVf areas with exceptionally high natural value are characterised by agriculture with a high level of extensive production. Farms from these areas obtain, e.g. lower total costs incurred per 1 ha of UAA, often lower productivity of production factors and lower income per 1 ha of UAA.
Lorentz invariance violation as an explanation of the muon excess in Auger data

The Auger collaboration has observed the number of muons, which is higher than its prediction by existing hadronic interaction models. We explain this excess of muons by using Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) in photon sector. As an outcome of Lorentz invariance violation, the dispersion relation of photon gets modified, which we use for the calculation of $\pi^0$ decay width. In the Auger data of primary energy $10^{9.8}<E(\mbox{GeV})<10^{10.2}$, we find that the neutral pion decay width is suppressed in compare to its standard model counterpart. As a result, we get a large number of muons explaining the observed muon excess. We consider Planck suppressed LIV at order $\mathcal{O}(p^2/M^2_{\tiny \mbox{Pl}})$ for studying the photon sector, which is in agreement with the current bounds, and not as tightly constrained as LIV at order $\mathcal{O}(p/M_{\tiny \mbox{Pl}})$.
Factors Affecting Student Stress Levels after a Year of the Covid-19 Pandemic

The period of Covid-19 pandemic brought about numerous life-altering events for students. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the effect of student characteristics, problems, social support, and coping strategies on stress levels after one year of the pandemic. Quantitative method was used with a cross-sectional design to obtain 879 Indonesian students through a voluntary sampling technique. The results showed that there was a significant positive effect of student characteristics and problems on stress levels. Furthermore, there is a significant negative effect of social support and coping strategies on student stress levels.
Calibrating a Comprehensive Immune Age Metric to Analyze the Cross Sectional Age-Related Decline in Cardiorespiratory Fitness

Simple Summary Cardiorespiratory fitness as a crucial prerequisite for sustained work ability declines with aging, as does the functionality of the immune system, the latter process termed immunosenescence or immune age. We approximated a comprehensive immunosenescence biomarker by just a few flow-cytometry-based parameters using blood samples. Applied to measurements with 597 participants from the Dortmund Vital Study, we could show that immune age, but not chronological age, together with obesity and physical inactivity, independently from sex, were significant predictors for the probability of low cardiorespiratory fitness. Abstract Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is essential for sustained work ability in good health, but declines with aging, as does the functionality of the immune system, the latter process commonly referred to as immunosenescence. This study aimed to compare the capacity of immunosenescence biomarkers with chronological age for predicting low CRF in a cross-sectional sample recruited from the regional working population. CRF was determined by submaximal bicycle ergometer testing in a cross-sectional sample of 597 volunteers aged 20–70 years from the ’Dortmund Vital Study’ (DVS, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05155397). Low CRF was scored if the ergometer test was not completed due to medical reasons or if the power output projected to a heart rate of 130 bpm divided by body mass was below sex-specific reference values of 1.25 W/kg for females and 1.5 W/kg for males, respectively. In addition to established biomarkers of immunosenescence, we calibrated a comprehensive metric of immune age to our data and compared its predictive capacity for low CRF to chronological age, while adjusting our analysis for the influence of sex, obesity, and the level of regular physical activity, by applying univariate and multiple logistic regression. While obesity, low physical activity, chronological and immune age were all associated with increased probability for low CRF in univariate analyses, multiple logistic regression revealed that obesity and physical activity together with immune age, but not chronological age, were statistically significant predictors of low CRF outcome. Sex was non-significant due to the applied sex-specific reference values. These results demonstrate that biological age assessed by our immunological metric can outperform chronological age as a predictor for CRF and indicate a potential role for immunosenescence in explaining the inter-individual variability of the age-related decline in cardiorespiratory fitness.
Vertical structure of the transition zone from infalling rotating envelope to disc in the Class 0 protostar, IRAS 04368+2557

We have resolved for the first time the radial and vertical structure of the almost edge-on envelope/disk system of the low-mass Class 0 protostar L1527. For that, we have used ALMA observations with a spatial resolution of 0.25$^{\prime\prime}$$\times$0.13$^{\prime\prime}$ and 0.37$^{\prime\prime}$$\times$0.23$^{\prime\prime}$ at 0.8 mm and 1.2 mm, respectively. The L1527 dust continuum emission has a deconvolved size of 78 au $\times$ 21 au, and shows a flared disk-like structure. A thin infalling-rotating envelope is seen in the CCH emission outward of about 150 au, and its thickness is increased by a factor of 2 inward of it. This radius lies between the centrifugal radius (200 au) and the centrifugal barrier of the infalling-rotating envelope (100 au). The gas stagnates in front of the centrifugal barrier and moves toward vertical directions. SO emission is concentrated around and inside the centrifugal barrier. The rotation speed of the SO emitting gas is found to be decelerated around the centrifugal barrier. A part of the angular momentum could be extracted by the gas which moves away from the mid-plane around the centrifugal barrier. If this is the case, the centrifugal barrier would be related to the launching mechanism of low velocity outflows, such as disk winds.
From Spinon Band Topology to the Symmetry Quantum Numbers of Monopoles in Dirac Spin Liquids

The interplay of symmetry and topology has been at the forefront of recent progress in quantum matter. Here we uncover an unexpected connection between band topology and the description of competing orders in a quantum magnet. Specifically we show that aspects of band topology protected by crystalline symmetries determine key properties of the Dirac spin liquid (DSL) which can be defined on the honeycomb, square, triangular and kagom\'e lattices. At low energies, the DSL on all these lattices is described by an emergent Quantum Electrodynamics (QED$_3$) with $N_f=4$ flavors of Dirac fermions coupled to a $U(1)$ gauge field. However the symmetry properties of the magnetic monopoles, an important class of critical degrees of freedom, behave very differently on different lattices. In particular, we show that the lattice momentum and angular momentum of monopoles can be determined from the charge (or Wannier) centers of the corresponding spinon insulator. We also show that for DSLs on bipartite lattices, there always exists a monopole that transforms trivially under all microscopic symmetries owing to the existence of a parent SU(2) gauge theory. We connect our results to generalized Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorems and also derive the time-reversal and reflection properties of monopoles. Our results indicate that recent insights into free fermion band topology can also guide the description of strongly correlated quantum matter.
Disordered fermions, extra dimensions, and a solvable Yang-Mills theory

Generalizing disorder couplings of the SYK model by means of SU(N) matrices we formulate a lattice model of fermions in d+1 dimensions. Integration of fermions yields an effective theory of Yang-Mills fields in d dimensions, the latter approaching the standard Yang-Mills theory in the classical limit of vanishing coupling constant of the theory. Quantum mechanically, the theory is solved using large N approximation of the dual effective theory of Hermitian matrices in d dimensions. The theory is asymptotically free, confines the color and is chirally symmetric in the strong coupling regime. The model can be generalized allowing for Standard Model fermions to be included in the theory. In this case, the emerging theory is an asymptotic safe QCD. We discuss briefly the effective dimensionality of such a theory as well as its gravity dual.
Highlighting the Mechanistic Relationship Between Perinatal Depression and Preeclampsia: A Scoping Review

Background: Although there is scientific literature supporting an association between depression and preeclampsia (PE), little is known about the underlying mechanistic pathways that may explain these observed associations. Thus, this study aimed to outline the relationship between depression and PE, and to highlight the underlying cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors that are common to both. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was conducted in Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: From 706 articles initially identified, 23 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Although some studies reported a positive association between PE and postpartum depressive symptoms, challenges comparing different methodologies, measurement instruments and when measurements were administered, and patient populations do not permit a decisive conclusion. In addition, very few studies addressed potential underlying mechanisms that may be contributing to observed associations; thus, a secondary search was conducted to identify cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors that are common to both depression and PE. Conclusion: The cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors (i.e., increased inflammation and oxidative stress and decreased vascular and endothelial function) common to both depression and PE suggest that these factors may contribute as underlying mechanisms in both conditions. These similarities underscore the importance to better understand these mechanisms so preventative and therapeutic strategies could be developed to improve maternal health.
The psychometric house-of-mirrors: the effect of measurement distortions on agent-based models’ predictions

ABSTRACT Agent-based models (ABMs) often rely on psychometric constructs such as ‘opinions’, ‘stubbornness’, ‘happiness’, etc. The measurement process for these constructs is quite different from the one used in physics as there is no standardized unit of measurement for opinion or happiness. Consequently, measurements are usually affected by ‘psychometric distortions,’ which can substantially impact models’ predictions. Even if distortions are well known in psychometrics, their existence and nature is obscure to many researchers outside this field. In this paper, we introduce distortions to the ABM community. Initially, we show where distortions come from and how to observe them in real-world data. We then show how they can strongly impact predictions, qualitative comparison with data and the problem they pose for validation of models. We conclude our analysis by discussing how researchers may mitigate this problem and highlight possible future modelling trends that will address this problem.
Comprehensive timing and X-ray spectral analysis of GX 1+4

We present analysis of RXTE--PCA observations of GX 1+4 between March 3, 2001 and January 31, 2003 together with the CGRO--BATSE X-ray flux and frequency derivative time series between 1991 and 1999. From the timing analysis of RXTE-PCA observations, we are able to phase connect pulse arrival times of the source within two different time intervals and obtain corresponding timing solutions. Using these pulse arrival times, we contribute to long term pulse frequency history of the source. We look for episodic correlations and anti-correlations between torque and X-ray luminosity using CGRO--BATSE X-ray flux and frequency derivative time series and find that correlation state of GX 1+4 seems to change on $\sim$ 100-200 days long intervals. We estimate torque noise of the source and observe flickering noise ($f^{-1}$). We achieve to measure the longest observed timescale for a noise process among accretion powered X-ray pulsars by extending the noise estimate for a time scale ranging from 31 days to 44 years. Spectral analysis of individual RXTE-PCA observations indicates a significant correlation between iron line flux and unabsorbed X-ray flux. Pulse phase resolved spectra of the source indicate a broadening of iron line complex at the bin corresponding to the pulse minimum.
Chung Un Lee: the trailblazer of tropical medicine in China

Chung Un Lee, (李宗恩, 1894–1962) was a pioneer of tropical medicine research in China, serving as the president of Guiyang Medical College, the dean of Peking Union Medical College, the vice president of the Chinese Medical Association, a member of the British Medical Association and the Far Eastern Tropical Medical Association (Fig. 1) (Lu, 1992). Chung Un Lee spent his life in medical education and scientific research, with outstanding achievements in research on filariasis, schistosomiasis, malaria, and kala-azar, confirming the reservoir of filariasis in China, innovating the application of plasmochin to combat malaria, proving that sandflies and dogs are sources of infection in human kala-azar, and making a clinical diagnosis of the early manifestations of kala-azar in China. Chung Un Lee is a distinguished medical scientist and medical educator, one of the founders of Chinese Tropical Medicine, who fought for forty years for the prevention and treatment of tropical diseases in China and conducted pioneering research in Chinese Tropical Medicine.
Review of rates of convergence and regularity conditions for inverse problems

The aim of this article is to review the different rates of convergence encountered in inverse problems, with both deterministic and stochastic noise. Indeed, in the litterature, several regularity conditions are often assumed leading to apparently different rates. We point out the different points of view and provide global assumptions that handle most of the cases encountered. Moreover we discuss optimality of some different usual estimators in the minimax but also the maxiset framework.
WIYN Open Cluster Study. LXXVI. Li Evolution Among Stars of Low/Intermediate Mass: The Metal-deficient Open Cluster NGC 2506

HYDRA spectra of 287 stars in the field of NGC 2506 from the turnoff through the giant branch are analyzed. With previous data, 22 are identified as probable binaries; 90 more are classified as potential non-members. Spectroscopic analyses of ∼60 red giants and slowly rotating turnoff stars using line equivalent widths and a neural network approach lead to [Fe/H] = −0.27 ± 0.07 (s.d.) and [Fe/H] = −0.27 ± 0.06 (s.d.), respectively. Li abundances are derived for 145 probable single-star members, 44 being upper limits. Among turnoff stars outside the Li-dip, A(Li) = 3.04 ± 0.16 (s.d.), with no trend with color, luminosity, or rotation speed. Evolving from the turnoff across the subgiant branch, there is a well-delineated decline to A(Li) ∼1.25 at the giant branch base, coupled with the rotational spindown from between ∼20 and 70 km s−1 to less than 20 km s−1 for stars entering the subgiant branch and beyond. A(Li) remains effectively constant from the giant branch base to the red giant clump level. A new member above the clump redefines the path of the first-ascent red giant branch; its Li is 0.6 dex below the first-ascent red giants. With one exception, all post-He-flash stars have upper limits to A(Li), at or below the level of the brightest first-ascent red giant. The patterns are in excellent qualitative agreement with the model predictions for low/intermediate-mass stars which undergo rotation-induced mixing at the turnoff and subgiant branch, first dredge-up, and thermohaline mixing beyond the red giant bump.