Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fecal Volatile Organic Compound Profiles are Not Influenced by Gestational Age and Mode of Delivery: A Longitudinal Multicenter Cohort Study

Fecal volatile organic compounds (VOC) reflect human and gut microbiota metabolic pathways and their interaction. VOC behold potential as non-invasive preclinical diagnostic biomarkers in various diseases, e.g., necrotizing enterocolitis and late onset sepsis. There is a need for standardization and assessment of the influence of clinical and environmental factors on the VOC outcome before this technique can be applied in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of gestational age (GA) and mode of delivery on the fecal VOC pattern in preterm infants born below 30 weeks of gestation. Longitudinal fecal samples, collected on days 7, 14, and 21 postnatally, were analyzed by an electronic nose device (Cyranose 320®). In total, 58 preterm infants were included (29 infants born at GA 24–26 weeks vs. 29 at 27–29 completed weeks, 24 vaginally born vs. 34 via C-section). No differences were identified at any predefined time point in terms of GA and delivery mode (p > 0.05). We, therefore, concluded that correction for these factors in this population is not warranted when performing fecal VOC analysis in the first three weeks of life.
zain can be conditioned to voluntary movements through associative learning: an experimental study in healthy participants.

Experimental data suggest that associative learning can influence defensive avoidance behavior and pain perception in humans. However, whether voluntary movements can become conditioned stimuli and influence pain responses has yet to be evaluated. Forty healthy volunteers participated in this study. Electrocutaneous stimuli applied to the shoulder at pain threshold level (US) and at pain tolerance level (US) were determined prior to a movement-conditioning paradigm. First, reaching movements to visual cues shown on one side of a computer screen were associated with the US (CS+ movements) on 80% of trials, whereas reaching movements to visual stimuli shown on the other side were never associated with the nociceptive-US (CS- movements). Next, participants underwent a test phase in which movements to visual cues on both sides were paired with the US on 50% of trials. During the test phase, participants were asked to evaluate if the movement was painful (yes/no) and to rate pain intensity after each trial. Movement onset and duration as well as skin conductance responses (SCR) were collected. The US stimuli were more likely to be perceived as painful and were also rated as more painful during CS+ movements. Movement onset latency and SCRs were significantly higher in anticipation of the CS+ movement as compared to the CS- movement. These findings suggest that pain can be conditioned to voluntary movements.
Value of Routine Flexible Sigmoidoscopy and Potential Predictive Factors for Colonic Ischemia after Open Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Background and Objectives: colonic ischemia (CI) after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) repair is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. CI may be detected by using flexible sigmoidoscopy, but routine use of flexible sigmoidoscopy after rAAA is not clearly proven. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of routine flexible sigmoidoscopy in detecting CI after rAAA repair, and to identify potential hemodynamic, biochemical, and clinical variables that can predict the development of CI in the patients who underwent rAAA surgery. Materials and Methods: we retrospectively included all rAAA cases treated in Viborg hospital from 1 April 2014 until 31 August 2017, recorded the findings on flexible sigmoidoscopy, and the incidence of CI. We collected specific hemodynamic, biochemical, and clinical variables, measured pre- and perioperatively, and the first three postoperative days. The association between CI and possible predictors was analyzed in a logistic regression model. Results: a total of 80 patients underwent open rAAA repair during the study period. Flexible sigmoidoscopy was performed in 58 of 80 patients (73.5%) who survived at least 24 h after open rAAA surgery. Perioperative variables lowest arterial pH (p = 0.02) and types of operations—aortobifemoral bypass vs. straight graft (p = 0.04) showed statistically significant differences between CI groups. The analysis of the postoperative variables showed statistically significant difference in highest lactate on postoperative day 1 (p = 0.01), and lowest hemoglobin on postoperative day 2 (p = 0.04) comparing CI groups. Logistic regression model revealed that postoperative hemoglobin and lactate turned out to be independent risk factors for the development of CI (respectively OR = 0.44 (95% CI = 0.29–0.67) and OR = 1.91 (95% CI = 1.2–3.05)). Conclusions: flexible sigmoidoscopy can identify patients being at higher risk of mortality after open rAAA repair. The postoperative lactate and hemoglobin were found to be independent risk factors for the development of CI after open rAAA repair. Further larger studies are warranted to demonstrate these findings.
Physical Activity and Sport in Trans Persons Before and After Gender Disclosure: Prevalence, Frequency, and Type of Activities.

BACKGROUND This study describes the prevalence, frequency, and type of physical activity and sport (PAS) practiced by trans persons before and after their gender disclosure (GD). METHODS A face-to-face survey was administered to 212 Spanish trans persons, aged from 10 to 62 years old. McNemar and chi-square tests were used to determine significant differences. RESULTS About 75.5% of the trans persons in this study engaged in PAS and more than 50% did so ≥3 times/week, which is similar as in the general Spanish population. Participation was higher in trans men (78.7%) than trans women (72%). However, GD emerges as a key issue in characterizing trans persons' PAS participation. A group of 14.5% of them stopped activity after GD. Participation in nonorganized PAS was higher than in organized PAS, and this difference is greater after GD because most participants gave up organized PAS in favor of nonorganized PAS. Trans persons preferred individual sports and activities than team sports before and after GD, and the top 3 activities were jogging, walking, and bodybuilding. Trans men participation was higher than trans women in team PAS, whereas individual PAS were equally practiced before and after GD. Participation in football, swimming, basketball, dancing, and volleyball declined after GD, whereas bodybuilding increased in trans men. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the high involvement of trans persons coincides with strategies used to hide or conceal their gender identities when participating in PAS. A decrease in PAS participation is observed after GD probably because it is an acute potential period of anxiety, discrimination, and victimization caused by trans persons' body exposure.
A REEVALUATION OF THE BIOCHRONOLOGY OF THE BRISBANE AND JUDSON LOCAL FAUNAS (LATE PALEOCENE) OF NORTH DAKOTA

Abstract The best-known and most diverse mammalian faunas from the Fort Union Group of North Dakota are the Brisbane and Judson local faunas, both historically considered as mid Tiffanian (Ti3, mid-late Paleocene). Our review of the stratigraphic context of the localities provides no lithologic reasons for continued use of the terms Slope and Bullion Creek Formations, and we propose abandoning these terms in favor of the Tongue River Formation. Revised faunal lists were completed for this paper using taxonomic revisions published after the original 1978 study. The chronostratigraphic ranges of Brisbane and Judson taxa were then used to determine the biochronology of the faunas. The Brisbane local fauna is corroborated as being Ti3 based upon a combination of first appearance (Leptacodon tener, Thryptacodon australis, Dorraletes diminutivus) and last appearance (Pararyctes pattersoni, Ectocion collinus) data, together with taxa reported only from Ti3 faunas (Bisonalveus holtzmani, Plesiadapis rex, Aletodon quadravus). The Judson local fauna is reinterpreted as being late Tiffanian (Ti4) on the basis of the presence of Plesiadapis sp. cf. P. churchilli, or more importantly, the absence of P. rex. This reinterpretation of the age of the fauna means that Prochetodon foxi and Neoplagiaulax nanophus are restricted to the Ti4 biochron and Litocherus zygeus and Protictis paralus occur in the Ti3 and Ti4 biochrons.
Media Matters! Alterations in the loading and release of Histoplasma capsulatum extracellular vesicles in response to different nutritional milieus.

Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that most frequently causes pneumonia, but can also disseminate and proliferate in diverse tissues. H. capsulatum has a complex secretion system that mediates the release of macromolecule-degrading enzymes and virulence factors. The formation and release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important mechanism for non-conventional secretion in both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. H. capsulatum EVs contain diverse proteins associated with virulence and are immunologically active. Despite the growing knowledge of EVs from H. capsulatum and other pathogenic fungi, the extent that changes in the environment impact the sorting of organic molecules in EVs has not been investigated. In this study, we cultivated H. capsulatum with distinct culture media to investigate the potential plasticity in EV loading in response to differences in nutrition. Our findings reveal that nutrition plays an important role in EV loading and formation, which may translate into differences in biological activities of these fungi in various fluids and tissues. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Contrasting migratory journeys and changes in hippocampal astrocyte morphology in shorebirds

Semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) migration to the Southern Hemisphere includes a 5‐day non‐stop flight over the Atlantic Ocean, whereas semipalmated plover (Charadrius semipalmatus) migration, to the same area, is largely over land, with stopovers for feeding and rest. We compared the number and 3D morphology of hippocampal astrocytes of Ch. semipalmatus before and after autumnal migration with those of C. pusilla to test the hypothesis that the contrasting migratory flights of these species could differentially shape hippocampal astrocyte number and morphology. We captured individuals from both species in the Bay of Fundy (Canada) and in the coastal region of Bragança (Brazil) and processed their brains for selective GFAP immunolabeling of astrocytes. Hierarchical cluster analysis of astrocyte morphological features distinguished two families of morphological phenotypes, named type I and type II, which were differentially affected after migratory flights. Stereological counts of hippocampal astrocytes demonstrated that the number of astrocytes decreased significantly in C. pusilla, but did not change in Ch. semipalmatus. In addition, C. pusilla and Ch. semipalmatus hippocampal astrocyte morphological features were differentially affected after autumnal migration. We evaluated whether astrocyte morphometric variables were influenced by phylogenetic differences between C. pusilla and Ch. semipalmatus, using phylogenetically independent contrast approach, and phylogenetic trees generated by nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Our findings suggest that phylogenetic differences do not explain the results and that contrasting long‐distance migratory flights shape plasticity of type I and type II astrocytes in different ways, which may imply distinct physiological roles for these cells.
THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PHOTO‐PERIODIC RESPONSE OF INDIAN POTATO VARIETIES

Summary Plants of Solanum tuberosum L. vars. Kufri Sindhuri, Kufri Shakti, EM/B-1399 and OT-No. were grown under short day (SD) and long day (LD) (continuous light) at identical temperature and humidity. Observations on haulm growth, number and shape of leaves, and number of tubers produced per plant and their fresh weight were recorded. Plants grow taller under LD in all the varieties. The early maturing varieties (Kufri Shaki and EM/B-1399) die earlier, but more or less simultaneously under SD and LD conditions, whereas the growth period of the other two varieties is lengthened considerably under LD conditions. The heteroblastic development of leaves is considerably influenced by photoperiod. All the four varieties are quantitative long-day with respect to floral initiation but in all of them floral buds drop before they open into flowers. One of the four varieties, OT-No., is quantitative whereas the others are qualitative short-day in tuber initiation. Yield per plant is considerably influenced by the photoperiod. Long days during tuber enlargement increase the yield. The significance of these results in evaluating the seasonal and regional adaptability of potato varieties and the mechanism of tuberization is discussed in the light of available literature on the subject.
The two types of society: Computationally revealing recurrent social formations and their evolutionary trajectories

Comparative social science has a long history of attempts to classify societies and cultures in terms of shared characteristics. However, only recently has it become feasible to conduct quantitative analysis of large historical datasets to mathematically approach the study of social complexity and classify shared societal characteristics. Such methods have the potential to identify recurrent social formations in human societies and contribute to social evolutionary theory. However, in order to achieve this potential, repeated studies are needed to assess the robustness of results to changing methods and data sets. Using an improved derivative of the Seshat: Global History Databank, we perform a clustering analysis of 271 past societies from sampling points across the globe to study plausible categorizations inherent in the data. Analysis indicates that the best fit to Seshat data is five subclusters existing as part of two clearly delineated superclusters (that is, two broad “types” of society in terms of social-ecological configuration). Our results add weight to the idea that human societies form recurrent social formations by replicating previous studies with different methods and data. Our results also contribute nuance to previously established measures of social complexity, illustrate diverse trajectories of change, and shed further light on the finite bounds of human social diversity.
Efficacy and safety of a booster dose of the meningococcal A, C, W, Y-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine administered 10 years after primary vaccination and long-term persistence of tetanus toxoid conjugate or polysaccharide vaccine

ABSTRACT A previous phase 3, randomized, multicenter study showed the immunogenicity of a primary vaccination of subjects aged 11 to 17 years with the quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine conjugated to tetanus toxoid (MenACWY-TT) or the quadrivalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MenACWY-PS). This extension study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a MenACWY-TT booster 10 years after receiving a primary dose of either MenACWY-TT or MenACWY-PS. The primary immunogenicity endpoint was booster response, evaluated using serum bactericidal antibody assays with rabbit complement (rSBA), 1 month postbooster. Safety endpoints included the percentage of subjects experiencing local and general adverse events (AEs) ≤4 days after MenACWY-TT booster. Of 229 subjects enrolled, 169 and 58 in the MenACWY-TT and MenACWY-PS groups, respectively, completed the booster phase. The 1 month postbooster response for each serogroup ranged from 81.5% to 95.7% for MenACWY-TT and 66.7% to 94.1% for MenACWY-PS. Similar percentages of MenACWY-TT and MenACWY-PS recipients had a booster response to serogroups A, W, and Y, whereas more MenACWY-TT recipients than MenACWY-PS recipients had a booster response to serogroup C. For the MenACWY-TT and MenACWY-PS groups, respectively, the MenACWY-TT booster elicited rSBA titers ≥1:8 in 100% and ≥98.0% of subjects across all serogroups; 100% and ≥96.1% of all subjects had titers ≥1:128. No new safety signals were observed during the booster phase. In conclusion, a MenACWY-TT booster dose after receiving either a primary dose of MenACWY-TT or MenACWY-PS elicited robust immune responses and was well tolerated. Functional antibody responses last up to 10 years after primary MenACWY-TT vaccination.
How psychosocial and economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic can interfere on bruxism and temporomandibular disorders?

1Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Morfologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. 2Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru Orofacial Pain Group, Bauru, SP, Brasil. 3Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Prótese e Periodontia, Bauru, SP, Brasil. Corresponding address: Camila Megale Almeida-Leite Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) Departamento de Morfologia Laboratório de neurobiologia Conceição Machado O3-245 Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha 31290-701 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil. Phone: 55-31-34093028 Fax: 55-31-34092772 e-mail: camila@icb.ufmg. br
O Coração e a COVID-19: O que o Cardiologista Precisa Saber

Resumo Frente à pandemia da doença causada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19), o manejo do paciente com fator de risco e/ou doença cardiovascular é desafiador nos dias de hoje. As complicações cardiovasculares evidenciadas nos pacientes com COVID-19 resultam de vários mecanismos, que vão desde lesão direta pelo vírus até complicações secundárias à resposta inflamatória e trombótica desencadeada pela infecção. O cuidado adequado do paciente com COVID-19 exige atenção ao sistema cardiovascular em busca de melhores desfechos.
Critical Swimming Speed and Behavior of Juvenile Shovelnose Sturgeon and Pallid Sturgeon

Abstract The swimming performance of hatchery-reared, juvenile shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus and pallid sturgeon S. albus was studied in a laboratory swim tunnel at 20°C and 10°C. The mean 30-min critical swimming speed was not significantly different between species at either temperature (36.9 cm/s for shovelnose sturgeon and 35.9 cm/s for pallid sturgeon at 20°C, 19.4 cm/s for shovelnose sturgeon and 15.0 cm/s for pallid sturgeon at 10°C). Free swimming (swimming without contact with the substrate) was observed less than 18% of the time at speeds greater than 15 cm/s. As speed increased, pallid sturgeon swam significantly less in the water column at 20°C; however, speed had no effect on percent free swimming among shovelnose sturgeon at 20°C. The results of this study indicate that, over the temperature and size range tested, shovelnose sturgeon and pallid sturgeon probably do not segregate in rivers due to different swimming or station-holding abilities
The benefits of meditation and mindfulness practices during times of crisis such as COVID-19

Meditation and mindfulness are practices that can support healthcare professionals, patients, carers and the general public during times of crisis such as the current global pandemic caused by COVID-19. While there are many forms of meditation and mindfulness, of particular interest to healthcare professionals are those with an evidence base such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Systematic reviews of such practices have shown improvements in measures of anxiety, depression and pain scores. Structural and functional brain changes have been demonstrated in the brains of people with a long-term traditional meditation practice, and in people who have completed a MBSR programme. Mindfulness and meditation practices translate well to different populations across the lifespan and range of ability. Introducing a mindfulness and meditation practice during this pandemic has the potential to complement treatment and is a low-cost beneficial method of providing support with anxiety for all.
EFFECTS OF LIGHT INTENSITY AND TEMPERATURE INTERACTIONS ON GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF PHAEODACTYLUM TRICORNUTUM (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) 1

Cell division rate, carbon fixation per cell, cell width and chloroplast length of Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin were determined at 30 different combinations of light intensity and temperature. Division rate peaked at 23° C or less depending on light intensity. For each light intensity studied, carbon fixation increased directly with growth temperature from 14 to 25° C. The slope of this relationship was modified by light intensity. Cells grown at 23–25° C tended to be larger than those grown at lower temperatures, possibly due to increased carbon fixation per cell coupled with lower division rates. Chloroplasts were largest at a combination of temperatures above 21° C and low light intensities. This effect could cause cells to sink at a higher than normal rate due to reduced vacuole size and is presented as a possible mechanism affecting the distribution of P. tricornutum.
A Peer-Led Social Media Intervention to Improve Interest in Research Careers Among Urban Youth: Mixed Methods Study

Background Novel methods to boost interest in scientific research careers among minority youth are largely unexplored. Social media offers a unique avenue toward influencing teen behavior and attitudes, and can therefore be utilized to stimulate interest in clinical research. Objective The aim of this study was to engage high-achieving minority youth enrolled in a science pipeline program to develop a targeted social media marketing campaign for boosting interest in clinical research careers among their peers. Methods Students enrolled in the Training Early Achievers for Careers in Health program conducted focus groups in their communities to inform themes that best promote clinical research. They then scripted, storyboarded, and filmed a short video to share on social media with a campaign hashtag. Additionally, each student enrolled peers from their social circle to be subjects of the study. Subjects were sent a Career Orientation Survey at baseline to assess preliminary interest in clinical research careers and again after the campaign to assess how they saw the video, their perceptions of the video, and interest in clinical research careers after watching the video. Subjects who did not see the video through the online campaign were invited to watch the video via a link on the postsurvey. Interest change scores were calculated using differences in Likert-scale responses to the question “how interested are you in a career in clinical research? ” An ordinal logistic regression model was used to test the association between watching a peer-shared video, perception of entertainment, and interest change score controlling for underrepresented minorities in medicine status (Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander), gender, and baseline interest in medical or clinical research careers. Results From 2014 to 2017, 325 subjects were enrolled as part of 4 distinct campaigns: #WhereScienceMeetsReality, #RedefiningResearch, #DoYourResearch, and #LifeWithoutResearch. Over half (n=180) of the subjects watched the video via the campaign, 227/295 (76.9%) found the video entertaining, and 92/325 (28.3%) demonstrated baseline interest in clinical research. The ordinal logistic regression model showed that subjects who viewed the video from a peer (odds ratio [OR] 1.56, 95% CI 1.00-2.44, P=.05) or found the video entertaining (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01-1.82, P=.04) had greater odds of increasing interest in a clinical research career. Subjects with a higher baseline interest in medicine (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.28-1.87, P<.001) also had greater odds of increasing their interest in clinical research. Conclusions The spread of authentic and relevant peer-created messages via social media can increase interest in clinical research careers among diverse teens. Peer-driven social media campaigns should be explored as a way to effectively recruit minority youth into scientific research careers.