Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphological and Physio-Chemical Responses to PEG-Induced Water Stress in Vanilla planifolia and V. pompona Hybrids

Vanilla planifolia is an orchid of cultural and economic value. However, its cultivation in many tropical countries is threatened by water stress. In contrast, V. pompona is a species that is tolerant of prolonged periods of drought. Due to the need for plants’ resistant to water stress, the use of hybrids of these two species is considered. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological and physio-chemical responses of in vitro vanilla seedlings of the parental genotype V. planifolia, and the hybrids V. planifolia × V. pompona and V. pompona × V. planifolia, which were then exposed over five weeks to polyethylene glycol-induced water stress (−0.49 mPa). Stem and root length, relative growth rate, number of leaves and roots, stomatal conductance, specific leaf area, and leaf water content were determined. Metabolites potentially associated with the response to water stress were identified in leaves, through untargeted and targeted metabolomics. Both hybrids exhibited a smaller decrease in the morphophysiological responses compared to V. planifolia and exhibited an enrichment of metabolites such as carbohydrates, amino acids, purines, phenols, and organic acids. Hybrids of these two species are considered as a potential alternative to the traditional cultivation of vanilla to face drought in a global warming scenario.
Computational Modeling on Drugs Effects for Left Ventricle in Cardiomyopathy Disease

Cardiomyopathy is associated with structural and functional abnormalities of the ventricular myocardium and can be classified in two major groups: hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathy. Computational modeling and drug design approaches can speed up the drug discovery and significantly reduce expenses aiming to improve the treatment of cardiomyopathy. In the SILICOFCM project, a multiscale platform is developed using coupled macro- and microsimulation through finite element (FE) modeling of fluid–structure interactions (FSI) and molecular drug interactions with the cardiac cells. FSI was used for modeling the left ventricle (LV) with a nonlinear material model of the heart wall. Simulations of the drugs’ influence on the electro-mechanics LV coupling were separated in two scenarios, defined by the principal action of specific drugs. We examined the effects of Disopyramide and Dygoxin which modulate Ca2+ transients (first scenario), and Mavacamten and 2-deoxy adenosine triphosphate (dATP) which affect changes of kinetic parameters (second scenario). Changes of pressures, displacements, and velocity distributions, as well as pressure–volume (P-V) loops in the LV models of HCM and DCM patients were presented. Additionally, the results obtained from the SILICOFCM Risk Stratification Tool and PAK software for high-risk HCM patients closely followed the clinical observations. This approach can give much more information on risk prediction of cardiac disease to specific patients and better insight into estimated effects of drug therapy, leading to improved patient monitoring and treatment.
STREAMING IN A CHANNEL BOUNDED BY AN ULTRASONICALLY OSCILLATING BEAM AND ITS COOLING EFFICIENCY

In this article the oscillating and streaming flow fields in a channel composed of two long parallel beams, one of which is stationary and the other of which oscillates with an ultrasonic frequency in a standing wave form, are investigated. The perturbation technique is utilized under the assumption that the oscillation amplitude is much smaller than the channel width and that the Reynolds number, which is defined by the oscillating frequency and the standing wave number, is much greater than unity. A three-layer structure of both the oscillating and streaming flow fields, which is composed of two very thin boundary layers near the beams and the core region between the boundary layers, is found in the channel. The oscillating velocity fields in all three layers are obtained analytically. The streaming fields within both boundary layers are also obtained analytically based on the oscillating fields. It is found that the streaming velocities approach constant values at the edges of the boundary layers and thus provide slip velocities for the streaming field in the core region. The core-region streaming velocity field is then obtained numerically by solving the Navier–Stokes equations in the stream function–vorticity formulation. Based on the core-region streaming field, which dominates most of the channel, the temperature field is computed for two cases: both beams are kept at constant but different temperatures (case A); and the oscillating beam is kept at a constant temperature while the stationary beam is subjected to a uniform constant heat flux (case B). Cases of different channel widths are computed and a critical width is found. When the channel width is smaller than the critical one, for each half standing wavelength distance along the beams, two symmetric eddies are observed, which occupy almost the whole width of the channel. In this case, the Nusselt number increases with the increase of the channel width. After the critical width, two layers of asymmetric eddies are observed near the oscillating beam and the Nusselt number decreases and approaches unity with further increase of the channel width. The abrupt change of the streaming field and the Nusselt number as the channel width goes through its critical value may be due to a bifurcation caused by instability of the vortex structure in the fluid layer.
Markov's theorem and algorithmically non-recognizable combinatorial manifolds

We prove the theorem of Markov on the existence of an algorithmically non-recognizable combinatorial n-dimensional manifold for every n≥4. We construct for the first time a concrete manifold which is algorithmically non-recognizable. A strengthened form of Markov's theorem is proved using the combinatorial methods of regular neighbourhoods and handle theory. The proofs coincide for all n≥4. We use Borisov's group [8] with insoluble word problem. It has two generators and twelve relations. The use of this group forms the base for proving the strengthened form of Markov's theorem. (The author is indebted to S.I. Adian for this idea.)
Is no One Left Behind? Inclusive Citizenship in Practices of Self-help Groups in Rural Tanzania

Abstract The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are based on the Agenda 2030 according to which ‘no one is left behind’, highlighting the need for inclusive citizenship at all levels. This article examines self-help groups in rural Tanzania as potential arenas for inclusive citizenship, which is defined as bottom-up practices of membership, participation, and livelihood enhancement. However, inclusive citizenship is also characterised by exclusions. Therefore, while acknowledging the important contribution of self-help groups for development, this article scrutinises the question of patterns of exclusion, first, in practices of self-help groups, and second, in the relationships between self-help groups and their wider environments. Based on participant observation, individual interviews, and focus groups discussions in three villages in Mpwapwa District in Tanzania, we found exclusions in the process of establishing groups, while participating in the groups, and in relation to the community and the wider socio-economic system. The findings show how less privileged members of a community are easily excluded from the groups based on criteria related to wealth and perceived trustworthiness, and how the improvements in livelihoods, capacities, and collective action remain local, and do not expand to engagement in wider decision-making nor to addressing the root causes of poverty.
Evaluation of the effect of favipiravir on patients with COVID-19

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. No specific drug has been accepted for COVID-19 treatment up to now. Favipiravir as an antiviral drug affects RNA viruses like influenza and Ebola. Accordingly, the aim of this study is the evaluation of favipiravir's effect on COVID-19 outcomes. Method: This is a randomized controlled study including 97 patients with COVID-19 randomly allocated into favipiravir or control groups. The primary outcomes were improvement of clinical manifestations and atrial oxygen saturation (SpO2), and the secondary outcome was the length of hospitalization. Results: Clinical manifestations recovery of COVID-19 patients was better in the favipiravir group, and the mortality rates were less than in the control group (P = 0.0001 for both). The level of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) was significantly higher in the favipiravir group (P = 0.0001). The mean lymphocyte count was lower in the control group (P = 0.004). In addition, levels of blood urine nitrogen (BUN) were higher in the favipiravir group (P = 0.033). The length of hospitalization was similar in both groups (P = 0.586). Conclusion: Favipiravir can be effective for clinical and laboratory improvement of COVID-19 patients, and it is a promising drug for decreasing of mortality rate in these patients.
Obesity and renal disease: Benefits of bariatric surgery

The prevalence of obesity, a preventable and reversible condition with a high impact on health, continues to rise, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Severe overweight is well recognized as a risk factor for diabetes and hypertension, among other conditions, that may increase cardiovascular risk. Obesity has grown simultaneously with a rise in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease, and a pathophysiological link has been established, which explains its role in generating the conditions to facilitate the emergence and maximize the impact of the risk factors of chronic kidney disease and its progression to more advanced stages. Knowing the mechanisms involved and having different tools to reverse the overweight and its consequences, bariatric surgery has arisen as a useful and efficient method, complementary or alternative to others, such as lifestyle changes and/or pharmacotherapy. In a detailed review, the mechanisms involved in the renal consequences of obesity, the impact on risk factors, and the potential benefit of bariatric surgery at different stages of the disease and its progression are exposed and analyzed. Although the observational evidence supports the value of bariatric surgery as a renoprotective measure in individuals with obesity, diabetic or not, randomized studies are expected to establish evidence-based recommendations that demonstrate its positive risk–benefit balance as a complementary or alternative therapeutic tool.
Theoretical Models for H II Regions. III. The Abundance Gradient in M101

A previously described theoretical H II region abundance sequence calibration has been employed to determine oxygen and other heavy element abundances in a selection of well-observed H II regions in M101. Comparison of abundances derived from the abundance sequence with abundances derived from exact photoionization modeling demonstrate that the accuracy with which H II region abundances may be derived from the sequence is about 0.15 dex. The data have been employed to measure radial abundance gradients and heavy element yields for oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur in M101. 45 references.
Mental Health Disorders and Coping Strategies in Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study in Southeastern Mexico

Mental health disorders are relatively common in the general population and were already an important issue for the healthcare sector before COVID-19. COVID-19, being a worldwide crucial event and evidently a great stressor has increased both the prevalence and incidence of these. Therefore, it is evident that COVID-19 and mental health disorders are closely related. Moreover, several coping strategies exist to endure said disorders such as depression and anxiety, which are used by the population to confront stressors, and healthcare workers are not the exception. This was an analytical cross-sectional study, conducted from August to November 2022, via an online survey. Prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress were assessed via the DASS-21 test, and coping strategies were assessed via the CSSHW test. The sample consisted of 256 healthcare workers and of those, 133 (52%) were males with a mean age of 40.4 ± 10.35, and 123 (48%) were females with a mean age of 37.28 ± 9.33. Depression was prevalent in 43%, anxiety in 48%, and stress in 29.7%. Comorbidities were a significant risk factor for both depression and anxiety with an OR of 10.9 and 4.18, respectively. The psychiatric background was a risk factor for depression with an OR of 2.17, anxiety with an OR of 2.43, and stress with an OR of 3.58. The age difference was an important factor in the development of depression and anxiety. The maladaptive coping mechanism was prevalent in 90 subjects and was a risk factor for depression (OR of 2.94), anxiety (OR of 4.46) and stress (OR of 3.68). The resolution coping mechanism was a protective factor for depression (OR of 0.35), anxiety (OR of 0.22), and stress (OR of 0.52). This study shows that mental health disorders are highly prevalent among healthcare workers in Mexico and that coping strategies are associated with their prevalence. It also implies that not only occupations, age, and comorbidities might affect mental health, but also the way patients confront reality and the behavior and decisions they take towards stressors.
Model of collective detachment in high-grade serous ovarian cancer demonstrates that tumor spheroids produce ECM to support metastatic processes

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) metastasizes through transcoelomic spread, with both single cells and spheroids of tumor cells observed in patient ascites. These spheroids may form through single cells that detach and aggregate (Sph-SC) or through collective detachment (Sph-CD). We developed an in vitro model to generate and separate Sph-SC from Sph-CD to enable study of Sph-CD in disease progression. In vitro-generated Sph-CD and spheroids isolated from ascites were similar in size (mean diameter 51 vs 55 μm, p > 0.05) and incorporated multiple ECM proteins. Using the in vitro model, nascent protein labeling, and qRT-PCR, we determined that ECM was produced after detachment. As fibronectin plays a key role in many cell adhesion events, we confirmed that inhibiting RGD-based adhesion or fibronectin assembly reduced Sph-CD-mesothelial adhesion strength under shear stress. Our model will enable future studies to determine factors that favor formation of Sph-CD, as well as allow investigators to manipulate Sph-CD to better study their effects on HGSOC progression.
Structural Properties and Energy Spectrum of Novel GaSb/AlP Self-Assembled Quantum Dots

In this work, the formation, structural properties, and energy spectrum of novel self-assembled GaSb/AlP quantum dots (SAQDs) were studied by experimental methods. The growth conditions for the SAQDs’ formation by molecular beam epitaxy on both matched GaP and artificial GaP/Si substrates were determined. An almost complete plastic relaxation of the elastic strain in SAQDs was reached. The strain relaxation in the SAQDs on the GaP/Si substrates does not lead to a reduction in the SAQDs luminescence efficiency, while the introduction of dislocations into SAQDs on the GaP substrates induced a strong quenching of SAQDs luminescence. Probably, this difference is caused by the introduction of Lomer 90°-dislocations without uncompensated atomic bonds in GaP/Si-based SAQDs, while threading 60°-dislocations are introduced into GaP-based SAQDs. It was shown that GaP/Si-based SAQDs have an energy spectrum of type II with an indirect bandgap and the ground electronic state belonging to the X-valley of the AlP conduction band. The hole localization energy in these SAQDs was estimated equal to 1.65–1.70 eV. This fact allows us to predict the charge storage time in the SAQDs to be as long as >>10 years, and it makes GaSb/AlP SAQDs promising objects for creating universal memory cells.
Physical Self-Concept and Physical Activity in Children with Congenital Heart Defects—Can We Point Out Differences to Healthy Children to Promote Physical Activity?

Objective: Children with congenital heart defects (CHD) are at high risk for cardiovascular disease in addition to their congenital disease, so it is important to motivate this group of patients to live a physically active lifestyle. A potential influencing determinant of younger children’s physical performance is the physical self-concept. The objective of the present study was first to evaluate the correlation between the physical self-concept (PSC) and the participation in physical activities (PA) of a representative group of children with congenital heart disease (CHD), and second to point out differences in comparison to their healthy peer group. Methods: Using the database of PA of the S-BAHn-Study we focused on physical self-concept assessed by the German version of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire. We compare the obtained data of children with CHD to a representative age-matched sample of 3.385 participants of the Motorik Modul Study. Results: N = 1.198 complete datasets could be included in the analyses. The mean age of patients was 11.6 ± 3.1 years. For the total cohort of patients with CHD and the reference group, PA correlated significantly with a positive PSC (p < 0.001). PA was significantly reduced in all groups of patients despite the severity of their heart defect (p < 0.001). Remarkably, PSC did not differ statistically significantly in patients with simple CHD from the reference collective (p > 0.24). Conclusions: According to this representative survey, there is a clear relation between PA and PSC in the cohort of healthy children and the group of children with CHD throughout the severity of their heart defects. Although PSC did not differ in patients with simple CHD and their healthy peer group, PA was significantly reduced. This gap invites us to reflect on how we could break new ground to promote a physically active lifestyle in children with CHD regardless of the severity of their cardiac defects.
Relationship of Psychological Flexibility and Mindfulness to Caregiver Burden, and Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Caregivers of People with Dementia

Caregivers of People with dementia (PwD) commonly experience burdens and other mental health issues, e.g., depression and anxiety. At present, there are limited studies that examine the relationships between caregiver psychological factors and caregiver burden, and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Therefore, this study’s objectives were to examine the relationships between psychological flexibility and mindfulness in caregivers of PwD, and to determine the predictors of these three outcomes. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the geriatric psychiatry clinic of Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Malaysia, and the sample (n = 82) was recruited via a universal sampling method over three months. The participants completed a questionnaire that consisted of the sociodemographics of the PwD and caregivers, illness characteristics of the PwD, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Zarit Burden Interview Scale (ZBI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). The results show that despite significant relationships between psychological flexibility and mindfulness and lower levels of caregiver burden, and depressive and anxiety symptoms (p < 0.01), only psychological inflexibility (p < 0.01) remained as a significant predictor of the three outcomes. Therefore, in conclusion, intervention programs that target the awareness of the caregiver’s psychological inflexibility should be implemented to alleviate these adverse outcomes in dementia caregivers.
Magnetic properties of Mn-doped ZnO

We report on the magnetic properties of an oxide-diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS), Zn0.64Mn0. 36O. The temperature dependence of the magnetization shows a spin-glass behavior with the large magnitude of the Curie–Weiss temperature, corresponding to a stronger antiferromagnetic exchange coupling than other II–VI DMSs. The small effective Mn moment (x∼0.02) under high field also represents a strong antiferromagnetic exchange coupling in this compound.
Global Structures of Optically Thin Black Hole Accretion Flows Obtained from Direct Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations

We studied the global structures of radiatively inefficient black hole accretion flows by three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations. The initial state is a constant angular-momentum torus threaded by weak toroidal magnetic fields. The torus is assumed to be embedded in a low-density, spherical, isothermal halo. We found that in the innermost region ( �< 15 rg: rg is the Schwarzschild radius) of optically thin hot disks formed by accretion from the torus, the radial structure can be described by a one-dimensional steady transonic ADAF (Advection Dominated Accretion Flow) solution that takes into account the radial dependence of α. Numerical results indicate that the magnetic flux emerging from the disk creates a magnetically active layer in which magnetic reconnection generates outflows along magnetic field lines. We also studied the dependence of the disk structure on the external pressure of the initial torus. The saturation level of magnetic field amplification is higher for a model with a larger external pressure. Thus, external pressure enhances the magnetic activity of the disk. When the external pressure is 5–20% of the maximum pressure of the torus, the kinetic and Poynting energy flux of the outflow is about 1% of the energy flux advected to the black hole through accretion.
Rayleigh and compton scattering contributions to x-ray fluorescence intensity

The enhancement of XRF intensity due to Rayleigh and Compton scattering in the target (which may occur after or before the photoelectric interaction) is commonly neglected in XRF spectrometry. However, this contribution can modify the XRF intensities to an appreciable extent, becoming a source of uncertainty for the computational methods of quantitative analysis. Analytical expressions are presented to describe the intensities of the corresponding four double interactions (which mix the photoelectric effect with the dominant types of scattering) that enhance the XRF intensity: Rayleigh-photoelectric, Compton-photoelectric, photoelectric-Rayleigh and photoelectric-Compton. These relationships are obtained by using an iterative solution of the Boltzmann transport equation for photons, suitable for the study of multiple scattering processes. It is shown that the first three chains contribute with discrete enhancements of the same energy of the XRF line. The last, in contrast, contributes with a short-range continuous spectrum that overlaps the low-energy tail of the peaks. This contribution can modify the line shape in a non-symmetric way, making the unfolding of peaks from energy-dispersive spectra more imprecise. The corrective terms to the XRF intensity are computed for both pure and composite materials. A common property to all of them is their azimuthal symmetry, a consequence of the isotropic behaviour of the photoelectric effect. As a rule, the chains with Rayleigh scattering predominate in the low-energy regime and contribute between 1 and 10% of the primary XRF line. The chains with Compton scattering prevail at higher energy and their extent may exceed several tens percent. All the corrections show a broad range of variation depending on the incident energy, the composition of the target, which defines its attenuation properties for all the energies, and the incidence and take-off angles.