Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Therapy

Bovine colostrum is the first mammary secretion after parturition; it is rich in Igs and bioactive compounds and could play a role in the development of naturally based products with positive effects on human health. In this discussion, we critically examine the effect of bovine colostrum on the properties of mesenchymal stem cells. Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous subset of fibroblast-like cells that can be isolated from various biological tissues, such as bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissues. They are characterized by their ability to self-renew and differentiate into cells of the mesodermal lineage, including adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Additionally, MSCs display an immunomodulatory capacity due to their ability to interact with effector cells typical of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Considering these important properties, MSCs have gained increasing attention in the field of regenerative medicine in recent decades. To date, most experimental protocols are based on cell culture media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) to promote the ex vivo expansion of MSCs while preserving their differentiative and immunomodulatory capacities. Future trends could involve the application of bovine colostrum in regenerative medicine.
Recent Insights into the Morphological, Nutritional and Phytochemical Properties of Indian Gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica) for the Development of Functional Foods

Aonla, commonly known as Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica), is a plant native to India with various therapeutic and dietary benefits. This review covers the taxonomical, morphological, and species-level classifications of aonla fruit, including its flower biology, maturation, harvesting, and yield metrics. It also discusses the nutritional, physico-chemical, and phytochemical characteristics and the total antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and mineral compositions of several aonla fruit cultivars. Additionally, the health benefits of aonla are reviewed, including its analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, ulcerogenic, chemo-protective, neuroprotective, free radical scavenging, hypoglycaemic, and immunogenic properties, which make it beneficial in the treatment and prevention of various illnesses. Further various forms of fruit extract are also considered to be beneficial for the improvement of plant and animal health. Overall, aonla is a valuable fruit with significant potential for use in improving human health.
Synergistic Activity of Ingulados Bacteria with Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

Antimicrobial resistance is a critical challenge due to the overuse of conventional antimicrobials, and alternative solutions are urgently needed. This study investigates the efficacy of compounds derived from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation combined with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant pathogens isolated from clinical cases in a hospital setting. Strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecium and faecalis were isolated and selected from blood, respiratory, and urine samples. They were tested against the fermentation products from the Ingulados LAB collection (BAL5, BAL6, BAL8, BAL13, and BAL16), recognized for their antimicrobial efficacy against veterinary pathogens. The activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens was evaluated initially, followed by synergy tests using checkerboard assays and subsequent analysis. Bioinformatic assessments and supernatant treatments were performed to characterize the nature of the compounds responsible for the antimicrobial activity. Notably, BAL16 exhibited significant growth inhibition against multidrug-resistant E. faecium. Synergy tests highlighted its combined activity with tetracycline through FICI and surface analysis and bioinformatic analysis unveiled the protein fraction containing bacteriocins as the underlying mechanism. This study highlights BAL16 fermentation products potential as valuable antimicrobial agents against MDR E. faecium infections, attributed to bacteriocins. Further in-depth studies are necessary for complete bacteriocin characterization.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided lumen-apposing metal stent with or without coaxial plastic stent for pancreatic fluid collections: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing safety and efficacy

Background Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) are preferred for draining symptomatic large pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs). A concurrent coaxial double-pigtail plastic stent (DPPS) is proposed to reduce adverse events associated with LAMS. We aimed to perform a comparative outcome analysis of LAMS with or without DPPS for PFCs. Methods Electronic databases from January 2005 through July 2023 were searched for studies comparing the use of LAMS with or without DPPS for PFCs. Pooled proportions were calculated using fixed (inverse variance) and random-effects (DerSimonian-Laird) models. Results After reviewing 1780 studies, we extracted data from 6 studies comprising 348 patients. The weighted odds of overall technical success, using LAMS plus DPPS compared to LAMS alone, were 0.53 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15-1.83), and the odds of clinical success were 1.10 (95%CI 0.59-2.05). The weighted odds of total adverse events with LAMS compared to LAMS plus DPPS were 2.21 (95%CI 1.37-3.59). Analysis of individual adverse events showed that the odds of stent occlusion when LAMS alone was used compared to LAMS plus DPPS was 2.36 (95%CI 1.12-4.98). The odds of bleeding were 1.84 (95%CI 0.77-4.38), and the odds of stent migration 0.95 (95%CI 0.40-2.23). Conclusions EUS-guided LAMS placement is the current standard of care for managing symptomatic large PFCs. Concurrent use of coaxial DPPS can mitigate the overall adverse events observed with LAMS, while maintaining similar technical and clinical success.
Can Leaf Spectroscopy Predict Leaf and Forest Traits Along a Peruvian Tropical Forest Elevation Gradient?

High‐resolution spectroscopy can be used to measure leaf chemical and structural traits. Such leaf traits are often highly correlated to other traits, such as photosynthesis, through the leaf economics spectrum. We measured VNIR (visible‐near infrared) leaf reflectance (400–1,075 nm) of sunlit and shaded leaves in ~150 dominant species across ten, 1 ha plots along a 3,300 m elevation gradient in Peru (on 4,284 individual leaves). We used partial least squares (PLS) regression to compare leaf reflectance to chemical traits, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, structural traits, including leaf mass per area (LMA), branch wood density and leaf venation, and “higher‐level” traits such as leaf photosynthetic capacity, leaf water repellency, and woody growth rates. Empirical models using leaf reflectance predicted leaf N and LMA (r2 > 30% and %RMSE < 30%), weakly predicted leaf venation, photosynthesis, and branch density (r2 between 10 and 35% and %RMSE between 10% and 65%), and did not predict leaf water repellency or woody growth rates (r2<5%). Prediction of higher‐level traits such as photosynthesis and branch density is likely due to these traits correlations with LMA, a trait readily predicted with leaf spectroscopy.
Coronary Spasm Testing with Acetylcholine: A Powerful Tool for a Personalized Therapy of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders

Coronary vasomotor disorders (CVD) are characterized by transient hypercontraction of coronary vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to hypercontraction of epicardial and/or microvascular coronary circulation. CVDs play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of ischemia, angina and myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. Invasive provocative testing with intracoronary Acetylcholine (ACh) administration is the gold standard tool for addressing CVD, providing relevant therapeutic and prognostic implications. However, safety concerns preclude the widespread incorporation of the ACh test into clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to shed light on the pathophysiology underlying CVD and on the clinical role of the ACh test, focusing on safety profile and prognostic implications. We will also discuss contemporary evidence on the management of CVD and the role of the ACh test in driving a personalized approach of patients with CVD.
Optimizing the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin low doses by the co-treatment with ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid in EAC-bearing mice

Cancer disease remains one of the most cause of death worldwide. The drawbacks that were associated to the chemotherapy treatments are impetus for finding more efficacious, and better tolerated new drugs. This study was conducted to optimize the low doses of cisplatin (Cis) antitumor effect by the co-treatment of ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) in EAC-bearing mice. Sixty-four female CD-1 mice were divided into eight groups (n = 8) as follows: Gp1 was a negative control. Gp2 had inoculated with 1×106 EAC-cells/mouse interperitoneally (i.p.). Gp3, Gp4 and Gp5 had inoculated with the same number of EAC-cells as in Gp2, then injected with 0.125, 0.250 or 0.5 mg/Kg of Cis i.p, respectively. Gp6, Gp7 and Gp8 had inoculated with EAC-cells as in Gp2, then injected with the low doses of Cis as in Gp3-G5 in combination with EDTA (50 mg/Kg), respectively. At day 14, all groups were bled to collect sera for biochemical assessments. The tumor ascites was collected for determining the total tumor volume and total tumor counts. Liver tissues were harvested for histopathological investigations. The results showed that co-treatment of EDTA (50 mg/Kg) along with the low doses of Cis (0.125, 0.25 or 50 mg/Kg) led to significant reduction in tumor volume, tumor cells count, improved the liver, kidney functions, and antioxidant status. Among all the treated EAC-bearing mice groups, mice that had a combined treatment with Cis (0.5 mg/Kg) and EDTA (50 mg/Kg) showed the highest antitumor effect with highly improvements in the liver functions and architectures.
Safety and efficacy of a polyherbal formulation from traditional Persian medicine in patients with calcium kidney stones: A randomized, double-blinded clinical trial

Background: 10%–15% of the world’s population suffers from kidney stones. Nearly 50% increase was observed in diagnosing and treating nephrolithiasis in the last decades. Effective medical treatment for the disease is not yet well established. Moreover, there is an increasing global demand to manage diseases using complementary and alternative medicine. This study aimed to formulate and assess the safety and efficacy of a multi-ingredient formulation from traditional Persian medicine (TPM) known as Mofatet powder in patients suffering from calcium kidney stones. Materials and Methods: The aqueous extract of Mofatet powder was prepared, freeze-dried, and formulated as capsules. 26 patients in the drug group and 25 patients in the placebo group used 500 mg capsules of the drug/placebo twice daily for 5 weeks. Ultrasonography/kidney, ureter and bladder imaging, urine analysis, and biochemical parameters were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: The imaging results showed a 60.73% decrease (P < 0.001) in stone size in the drug group. Moreover, the urinary calcium decreased (P = 0.02) and the urinary magnesium increased (P < 0.001) in the drug group. No remarkable changes were observed in the placebo group in these parameters. No significant effect was observed in aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels in none of the groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that Mofatet powder was effective in reducing calcium kidney stones size with no potential nephro/hepatotoxicity. After confirming these results in larger clinical trials with longer duration, this formulation can be considered a treatment for nephrolithiasis.
Combinatory glycoengineering of monoclonal antibodies and its application in cancer therapy: a narrative review

Background and Objective The application of immunotherapy, especially in terms of recombinant monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), is a revolution in the pharmaceutical industry field. Glycosylation plays an essential role in the structures and functions of mAbs, which must be carefully monitored and designed throughout their entire lifespan to ensure safety and efficacy. This review aimed to summarize the current status of the glycoengineering of mAbs for providing reference for the pharmaceutical industry. The application of glycoengineering of mAbs in cancer therapy will also be discussed in this article. Methods We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE database to identify studies published between 1970 and 2023 that investigated glycoengineering of recombinant mAbs and its applications. The major findings of these studies were summarized. Key Content and Findings This article reviews the relationship between glycosylation profiles and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), shelf-life, and other properties of mAbs. Furthermore, the rational design of glycosylation profiles provides solutions to the unmet needs of new drug development and biosimilar manufacturers. This review also emphatically describes various feasible strategies to optimize the glycosylation pattern in biomanufacturing reported in recent years, especially the approaches of combinatory glycoengineering explored in this field. Finally, we share examples of glycoengineering of mAbs applied in cancer therapy. Conclusions Glycan modifications have been achieved through genetic and metabolic glycoengineering. A better understanding of the interplay between cells and the exogenous environment help the combinatorial strategy for glycoengineering in precise control mode. Furthermore, new high-tech approaches for glycoengineering are leading biological engineering and biotherapeutics to a new stage.
A quantitative assessment of the relationship between precipitation deficits and air temperature variations

Previous studies have reported precipitation deficits related to temperature extremes. However, how and to what extent precipitation deficits affect surface air temperatures is still poorly understood. In this study, the relationship between precipitation deficits and surface temperatures was examined in China from 1960 to 2012 based on monthly temperature and precipitation records from 565 stations. Significant negative correlations were identified in each season, with the strongest relationships in the summer, indicating that higher temperatures usually accompanied water‐deficient conditions and lower temperatures usually accompanied wet conditions. The examination of the correlations based on 30 year moving windows suggested that the interaction between the two variables has declined over the past three decades. Further investigation indicated a higher impact of extreme dry conditions on temperature than that of extreme wet conditions. In addition, a new simple index (Dry Temperature Index, DTI) was developed and used to quantitatively describe the relationship between water deficits and air temperature variations. We tested and compared the DTI in the coldest month (January) and the hottest month (July) of the year, station by station. In both months, the number of stations with a DThighI ≥ 50% was greater than those with a DThighI < 50%, indicating that a greater proportion of higher temperatures occurred during dry conditions. Based on the results, we conclude that water deficits in China are usually correlated to high temperatures but not to low temperatures.
Advances and challenges in immunoPET methodology

Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) enables imaging of specific targets that play a role in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, such as antigens on cell membranes, targets in the disease microenvironment or immune cells. The most common immunoPET applications use a monoclonal antibody labeled with a relatively long-lived positron emitter such as 89Zr (T1/2 = 78.4 h), but also smaller antibody-based constructs labeled with various other positron emitting radionuclides are being investigated. Thereby, this molecular imaging technique can guide the development of new drugs and may have a pivotal role in selecting patients for a particular therapy. In early phase immunoPET trials, multiple imaging time points are used to examine the time-dependent biodistribution and to determine the optimal imaging time point, which may be several days after tracer injection due to the slow kinetics of larger molecules. Once this has been established, usually only one static scan is performed and semi-quantitative values are reported. However, total PET uptake of a tracer is the sum of specific and nonspecific uptake. In addition, uptake may be affected by other factors such as perfusion, pre-/co-administration of the unlabeled molecule, and the treatment schedule. This article reviews imaging methodology used in immunoPET studies and is divided in two parts. The first part summarizes the vast majority of clinical immunoPET studies applying semi-quantitative methodology. The second part focuses on a handful of studies applying pharmacokinetic models and includes preclinical and simulation studies. Finally, the potential and challenges in immunoPET quantification methodology are discussed within the context of the recent technological advancements provided by long axial field of view PET/CT scanners.
Anemone Image Generation Based on Diffusion-Stylegan2

Given the complexity and uncertainty of the underwater environment, it is of great importance to generate realistic and high-quality images. In this paper, we propose six unconditional generative models based on the Diffusion-Styegan2 generative model, incorporating Wasserstein, R2 regularization terms, and other techniques for anemone image generation. The Wasserstein distance technique is used in the loss part of Diffusion-Styegan2, combined with the back propagation algorithm to compute the gradient in the neural network while retaining the computational map to improve the training efficiency and training stability; the R2 regularization term is used to introduce the r2 hyperparameter, and the L2 regularization technique is used based on the original R1 regularization term to regularize the gradient of the discriminator to improve the training and generation performance of the model; the ADA technique is used based on DWBG-Stylegan2 to further improve the quality and stability of the generated images. In addition, a set of SA datasets (sea anemone datasets) with a resolution of $256^{\ast} 256$ is proposed in this paper. The experimental results show that the FID value of Diffusuion-Stylegan2 is 10.31, the value of FID of DWBG-Stylegan2 is 8.32, the value of FID of Diffusion-Stylegan2-R2 is 9.58, and the optimal FID value of this experiment is achieved by DWBG-Stylegan2-ADA with a value of 5.67, which is considerably lower compared to the FID value of Diffusion-Stylegan2. Therefore, techniques such as Wasserstein and R2 regularization terms can effectively generate more realistic images of anemones. Meanwhile, this experiment provides new ideas and methods for the construction of the unconditional generative model.
Incidence of mycobiota in some dairy products and its public health hazards

A total of 150 dairy products samples represented as 25 of each table, cooking butter, kareish, Damietta, Ras and processed cheeses. Samples were collected randomly from supermarkets, groceries and street-vendors at Alexandria Governorate. Collected samples were transmitted to the laboratory in insulated ice-boxes with a minimum of delay where prepared and subjected to mycological evaluation. Results revealed that the mean values of yeast counts in table, cooking butter, kareish, Damietta, Ras and processed cheeses were 4.76×10 3 ± 0.91×10 3 ; 3.58×10 5 ± 0.80 ×10 5 ; 5.65 ×10 6 ± 0.69 ×10 6 ; 1.78 ×10 5 ± 0.57×10 5 ; 1.75×10 5 ± 0.55×10 5 and 4.9×10 3 ± 4.8× 10 3 cfu/g while, mean values of mold counts were 3.05×10 2 ± 0.46×10 2 ; 5.5×10 4 ± 1.43×10 4 ; 2.75×10 5 ± 0.55×10 5 ; 4.69×10 4 ± 1.04×10 4 ; 2.68×10 4 ± 0.51×10 4 and 6.36×10 2 ± 1.08×10 2 cfu/g, respectively. Candida spp. were the most prevalent yeast isolated and Pencillium was the most predominant mold isolated followed by genus Aspergillus. Most of examined butter and cheese samples were exceeded the permissible limit for yeast and mold count stated by the Egyptian Standard. Public health significance of studied mycobiota, sources of contamination of butter and cheese as well as strict control and hygienic measures that could be applied to produce safe and high quality dairy products were fully discussed.
Corrosion and protection of steel in concrete

Corrosion of reinforcement is one of the major durability challenges which leads to a reduction in the design life of reinforced concrete. Due to an increasing demand for longer service lives of infrastructure (typically 100-120 years) and the high cost involved in building and maintaining it, the repair of concrete structures has become extremely important. This paper discusses mechanism of corrosion in reinforced concrete and its thermodynamic and kinetic behaviour. It also presents and compares different corrosion prevention and protection techniques available and recommended by BS 1504-9:2008; including the use of corrosion inhibitors, alternative reinforcement, steel and concrete coating and electrochemical techniques. It is concluded that the electrochemical techniques are more effective than conventional methods.
Underwater Degraded Image Restoration by Joint Evaluation and Polarization Partition Fusion

Images of underwater environments suffer from contrast degradation, reduced clarity, and information attenuation. The traditional method is the global estimate of polarization. However, targets in water often have complex polarization properties. For low polarization regions, since the polarization is similar to the polarization of background, it is difficult to distinguish between target and non-targeted regions when using traditional methods. Therefore, this paper proposes a joint evaluation and partition fusion method. First, we use histogram stretching methods for preprocessing two polarized orthogonal images, which increases the image contrast and enhances the image detail information. Then, the target is partitioned according to the values of each pixel point of the polarization image, and the low and high polarization target regions are extracted based on polarization values. To address the practical problem, the low polarization region is recovered using the polarization difference method, and the high polarization region is recovered using the joint estimation of multiple optimization metrics. Finally, the low polarization and the high polarization regions are fused. Subjectively, the experimental results as a whole have been fully restored, and the information has been retained completely. Our method can fully recover the low polarization region, effectively remove the scattering effect and increase an image’s contrast. Objectively, the results of the experimental evaluation indexes, EME, Entropy, and Contrast, show that our method performs significantly better than the other methods, which confirms the feasibility of this paper’s algorithm for application in specific underwater scenarios.