Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predatory Impact of Muskellunge on New River, Virginia, Smallmouth Bass

Stomachs of 171 muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) ranging in length from 358 to 1270 mm were examined to evaluate fish diet and to estimate through bioener- getics modeling the predatory impact of muskellunge on smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in the New River, Virginia. Fifty-five percent of muskellunge stomachs ex- amined contained food. Ninety percent of muskellunge stomachs that contained food contained fewer than six items. Muskellunge exhibited an ontogenetic shift in diet at ap- proximately 800 to 900 mm, changing from a diet consisting primarily of cyprinids to one consisting primarily of catostomids. Smallmouth bass comprised a relatively minor (4% by wet weight) component of muskellunge diet overall, although consumption of smallmouth bass did increase with muskellunge length. At an initial abundance of 100 age-1 fish, muskellunge were estimated to consume 0.18 kg? ha -1 ? yr -1 of smallmouth bass. In contrast, muskellunge would consume 0.63, 0.31, and 0.43 kg? ha -1 ? yr -1 of catostomids, cyprinids, and lepomids. Given that muskellunge currently are stocked in the New River as fingerlings (⊕100 mm), post-stocking survival of muskellunge is prob- ably low (<10%), thus muskellunge predation likely has little overall impact on New River smallmouth bass stocks. In systems where muskellunge stocking is controversial because of possible predatory impacts on other aquatic species, formulating stocking rates based on acceptable losses to muskellunge predation may help to prevent or re- solve stakeholder conflicts.
Root and shoot length, nodulation, chlorophyll, seed yield and grain protein content of pigeonpea influenced by chromium reducing strains Rhizobium strain RP2 and BP7 Bacillus strain in chromium related soils in Aligarh

In this experiment chromium-reducing and plant growth promoting Rhizobium strain RP2 was used to assess its bioremediation potential in pot house conditions using pigeonpea as a test legume crop. Among the three concentration of Cr (VI) at 60.52 mg/kg soil had the largest toxic effects decreased root length 55.82%, shoot length 28.27%, nodule numbers 69.73% and nodule dry weight 75.21%, at 80 days, root length 44.44%, shoot length 34.01%, at 110 day as compared to control. In comparison when, Rhizobium strain RP2 was also added, it increased the root length by 4.00%, shoot length 3.16 %, nodule numbers 11.69%, nodule dry weight 5.62% at 80 days (root length 6.13%, shoot length 2.38% at 110 days as compared to control. Chromium at concentration 60.52 mg/kg was the most toxic and decreased the chlorophyll and by 63.89% as compared to control. In comparison, the bioinoculant showed a maximum increase in the chlorophyll content of 8.41%, at 60.52 mg Cr /kg soil compared to control. Chromium at 60.52 mg/kg was the most toxic and decreased the seed yield and grain protein by 48.94% and 17.86% as compared to control. In comparison, the bioinoculant showed a maximum increase in the seed yield and protein content of 8.27% and 16.42% at 60.52 mg Cr /kg soil compared to control. Bacillus strain BP7 was used to assess its bioremediation potential in pot house conditions using pigeonpea as a test legume crop. Among the three concentration of Cr (VI) at 60.52 mg/kg soil had the highest toxic effects decreased root length 55.82%, shoot length 28.27%, nodule numbers 69.73% and nodule dry weight 75.21%, at 80 days, root length 44.44%, shoot length 34.01%, at 110 day as compared to the control. In comparison when, Bacillus strain BP7 was also added, it increased the root length, 7.69%, shoot length 3.80%, nodule numbers 16.31%, nodule dry weight 6.25% at 80 days, root length 8.67%, shoot length 2.52% respectively at 110 days as compared to control. Chromium at 60.52 mg/kg was the most toxic and decreased the chlorophyll by 63.89% as compared to control. In comparison, the bioinoculant showed a maximum increase in the chlorophyll content of 6.30%, at 60.52 mg Cr /kg soil compared to control. Chromium at 60.52 mg/kg was most toxic and decreased the seed yield and grain protein by 48.94% and 17.86% respectively as compared to control. In comparison, the bioinoculant showed a maximum increase in the seed yield and protein content of 7.18% and 13%, respectively at 60.52 mg Cr /kg soil as compared to control.
Influence of low levels of proteIn and sex on carcass traIts and nutrIent content In broIler meats

The aim of this experiment was to study how a reduced content of protein and sex during raising influences breast and leg fattiness and, in consequence, the chemical composition in 6-week-old broilers. A total of 1214 one-day-old of rOSS 308 broilers were divided into three experimental groups. The group 1 (control) received feeds with a nutritional value recommended by feeding standards for growing broilers, while the group 2 (T1) and 3 (T2) received rations with reduced levels of protein in all feeds for the raising period. The breast and leg percentages were determined. Chemical analyses (dry matter, protein, fat and ash content) were carried out. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that sex significantly (P 0.01).
AN INVASIVE CRAB IN THE SOUTH ATLANTIC BIGHT: FRIEND

Biological invasions threaten natural communities and are major forces in determining the structure of ecosystems. Recently, the green porcelain crab, Petrolisthes armatus, invaded oyster reefs of the South Atlantic Bight at densities up to several thousand 111-2 . Quarterly monitoring in two Georgian estuaries showed that crab densities increased from the upper to lower regions of the estuaries and were higher in the low versus high intertidal. In warmer months 20 — 90 % of mature females were gravid, recruits were dense, and population levels elevated, but in colder months densities decreased by 64 — 99.7 %. Sex ratios varied around 1 : 1, and correlations of native versus exotic crabs were mostly positive; never significantly negative, indicating no strong negative interactions. Mesocosm experimentation in which oyster communities were seeded with the crab suggested that P. armatus can potentially cause significant changes in reefs. Native species recruitment did not change in the presence of P. armatus, but more species-specific effects appeared. The crab depressed oyster growth, moderated seasonal fluctuations in microalgal biomass on oyster surfaces, and facilitated the growth of large macrophytes. Although these results indicate what may be affected by the invasion, the long-term, large-scale ecological effects have yet to be seen.
Rotifer resting egg densities in lakes of different trophic state, and their assessment using emergence and egg counts.

The methods for estimating rotifer resting egg densities from lake sediment, and the use of emergence for determining community composition from lakes, were investigated in Lakes Tikitapu and Okaro, New Zealand. Significantly lower (P<0.01) estimates of resting egg densities were obtained by monitoring emergence from incubated sediments than from egg counts. However, incubation of sediments did not require the ability to recognise species on the basis of egg morphology as did egg counts. Significantly higher (P<0.01) densities of resting eggs were found in sediments from eutrophic Lake Okaro than from oligo-mesotrophic Lake Tikitapu. Incubation of sediments did not result in the emergence of all species found in the plankton during an earlier thirteen-month seasonal survey, including some common species. This currently limits the use of this method as a tool for rapid assessment of community composition. However, the method is likely to provide advantages over some traditional methods, such as vertical net hauls, by providing more complete species lists if only a single visit to a site is possible.
Phylogenetic studies on Scenedesmaceae (Chlorophyta)

18S-RNA was analysed for 17 species from 8 genera of Scenedesmaceae sensu KOMAREK et FOTT (1983) and one strain of Coelastropsis (Coelastraceae) and Coelastrella (Scotiellaceae). According to the results a subfamily Desmodesmoideae was set up, the subgenera Acutodesmus and Scenedesmus were verified and Scenedesmus (Kermatia) pupukensis was transferred to Neodesmus. Dactylococcus dissociatus and the genus Tetradesmus were included in Acutodesmus. The two strains of Tetradesmus as well as the two strains of the varieties of S. pectinatus were not closely related and the placement of S. pectinatus var. pectinatus was not stable. It probably belongs to Enallax, while the other taxa belong to Acutodesmus, A strain labelled Schroederiella apiculata was recognised as a new species of Scenedesmus (S. hindakii). Scenedesmus acutiformis clustered separately and is preliminarily accepted as Enailax acutiformis. Pseudodidymocystis is a sister group to Desmodesmus. Dicloster was excluded from Scenedesmaceae and also from Chlorophyceae and is placed in Trebouxiophyceae. Coelastropsis costata has a 18S similar to Scenedesmus s.str. , but is morphologically not closely related to that genus and is hence not transferred to Scenedesmus. The former Chlorella fusca var. vacuolatus (=Scenedesmus vacuolatus) is transferred to Coelastrella.
Effects of polymorphism in the bovine PTPRQ gene on the expression of MYF6 and MYF5 genes in skeletal muscle and on meat production traits in beef bulls

The aim of the study was to characterize nucleotide sequence polymorphisms in the bovine PTPRQ gene, to search for their possible effect on the expression of myogenic factor 6 (MYF6; MRF4) and myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) genes in skeletal muscle and on meat production traits. Three novel SNPs were found in intron 35 of the bovine PTPRQ gene: g.200,451A>G, g.200,467T>C, g.200,480C>T (GenBank Acc. No. NW_001494990.2; counted from translation initiation site). These SNPs are placed very closely to each other (within 29 base pairs). The results showed that genotype influenced the expression of MYF6 and MYF5 genes in longissimus dorsi muscle of Limousine bulls both at the transcript and protein levels. Moreover, an association was found between the PTPRQ genotype and carcass traits in Limousine bulls. These findings suggest that bovine PTPRQ gene may contain regulatory sequences for MRF genes located 24 kb downstream. The results also showed that nucleotide sequence polymorphisms in the PTPRQ gene may influence meat production traits in beef cattle, possibly through the regulation of the MRF genes expression.
The phylogeny of the glyptosternoid fishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes, Sisoridae)

The glyptosternoid fishes are freshwater catfishes belonging to the family Sisoridae. There are 9 genera containing 28 species in glyptosternoid fishes. This group can be identified from other sisorid fishes by the following main three characters: the last unbranched pectoral fin ray bearing many pointed protusions which are unmineralized bony structure along the anterior margin which are enveloped in the skin; the lack of an adhesive organ on the breast; and the horizontal insertion of the pectoral and ventral fins. These characters appear to be adaptations to the fast running brooks at high altitudes or at the base of the hills, where most of these catfish are found. The phylogenetic analysis based on 60 osteological characters was run with the Hennig 86 program; only one cladogram was produced. The following relationships of glyptosternoid fishes are hypothesized: (1) The glyptosternoid fishes form a monophyletic group which is defined by 13 apomorphies; (2) Among glyptosternoids Glyptosternum is the most primitive genus; it bears many plesiomorphies; (3) Some external characters are interpreted as ecological adaption result. They are incongruent with the evolutionary polarity stemmed from the osteology. Examples are the posterior labial fold and the mouth sucker, these had have been treated as the systematic characters and used to produced evolutionary tree; (4) Many of the characters which occur in a group of taxa including Exostoma, Glaridoglanis, Pseudexostoma and Oreoglanis which appears to have gained a number of derived features by convergence. But the character analysis indicated that some specialized characters of the Exostoma and Glaridoglanis are derived directly from the primitive state, they have not systematic relationships with the Pseudexostoma and Oreoglanis (having the mouth sucker, continuous labial fold); (5) The genus Pareuchiloglanis is not monophyletic; it formes a monophyly only with Pseudexostoma and Oreoglanis.
The Role of Self Awareness Training in Motivation For Hospital Workers

Hospital service improvement is associated with trusted personnel in treating patients. The form of supervision of Hospital accreditation is held every year. Hospital personnel requirements namely improving skills and updating knowledge related to the profession. But the problem faced by personnel is not being aware of their abilities. This is related to motivation or encouragement to personnel. The problem is seen, some personnel are less aware of the emotions they are feeling. Researchers conduct Self Awareness Training for hospital personnel. Participants numbered 18 personnel consisting of several sections in Hospital. Based on literature studies conducted by researchers, found a positive relationship between self-awareness and work motivation. Therefore, the researcher tried to implement a self-awareness training program to increase the work motivation of hospital personnel. The results of paired sample t-test analysis showed that there was a change in motivation after psychological capital training, with a significant value of 0,000 (p <0.05).
Lithosiine main lineages and their possible interrelationships. I. - Definition of new or resurrected tribes (Lepidoptera : Arctiidae)

A ce jour, il n'existe pas de classification d'ensemble pour l'une des principales sous-familles d'Arctiidae : les Lithosiinae. Nous proposons sept tribus que nous considerons comme des clades fondamentaux au sein de cette sous-famille, a savoir les Acsalini (nomen nudum jusqu'a present), trois nouveaux taxa - Phryganopterygini, Eudesmiini, Cisthenini - et trois tribus non reconnues dans la litterature recente : Nudariini, Endrosini et Lithosiini (taxa ici concus sur des bases nouvelles). Pour chaque tribu, a l'exception de la derniere - objet d'un travail ulterieur -, nous donnons une description des principaux caracteres imaginaux, larvaires et nymphaux, ainsi que quelques indications complementaires : nourriture des chenilles, ethologie, composition taxonomique, repartition geographique et autapomorphies envisageables. Nous montrons que la nature monophyletique des Lithosiinae est essentiellement attestee par deux apomorphies larvaires, notamment une disposition inhabituelle (meconnue) des soies M1 et M2 du labre. Le rangement des Phryganopterygini parmi les Lithosiinae reste discutable, dans la mesure ou les premiers etats de ces insectes demeurent inconnus.
Irradiation of almonds and cashew nuts

Almonds and cashew nuts were gamma irradiated with doses of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kGy, and 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 kGy, respectively. Control and irradiated fruits were stored at 5±2 o C for 6 months. Microbiological, chemical and sensory, tests were performed to verify the effectiveness of these radiation doses and their effect on product quality. The initial mould and yeast load was reduced to acceptable values, which was then maintained throughout the storage time. Free fatty acids content and refractive index of the extracted oils were not altered by irradiation
Status and habitat area requirements of the Veery in Illinois

Is intraclutch egg-size variation adaptive in the Lesser Snow Goose? Oikos 67:250-256. WILLIAMS, T. D. , E. G. COOCH, R. L. JEFFERIES, AND F. CooKE. 1993b. Environmental degradation, food limitation and reproductive output: Juvenile survival in Lesser Snow Geese. J. Anim. Ecol. 62: 766-777. WILLIAMS, T. D. , M. J. J. E. LOONEN, AND F. CooKE. 1994. Fitness consequences of parental behavior in relation to offspring number in a precocial species: The Lesser Snow Goose. Auk 111:563572.
Application of Combined Phytoremediation Greywater Treatment in A Single House

A report showed 22% of households in Indonesia did not have a proper sanitation facility in 2018 and this caused the potential discharge of their wastewater directly to the surface water, thereby, polluting the water and its surrounding environment. The quality of water resources is also declining nationwide due to pollution and this affects the cost of water treatment, therefore, it is necessary to determine the most effective treatment method to reduce this pollution. However, one of the breakthroughs observed to have met the criteria of low cost, simple operation and maintenance, and energy-saving is greywater treatment using plants (phytotechnology) combined with solar ultraviolet (UV) system. This research was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the performance of the coupled greywater treatment and investigate the possibility of its implementation in the actual condition of a selected single house. Moreover, the physical treatment and phytoremediation were combined with solar disinfection treatment, and the units selected include a collection and sedimentation chamber, filter, phytoremediation, and solar disinfection chamber. The flowrate was measured based on the difference in water level over time while the influent and effluent quality was evaluated at the inlet of the sedimentation chamber and outlet of the disinfection chamber. The results showed the organic efficiency removal was up to 92% while the solids content was found to be high at 49% and the system was able to effectively remove the ammonia at 57% and reduce the pathogenic bacteria by 88%. Moreover, the treated water quality known as the effluent met all the requirements of the Provincial Regulation of Central Java No. 5 of 2012 and Class 3 standard (water for cultivation of plants and fisheries) of Indonesian Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001. However, it did not meet the standard for toilet flushing water according to the standard from U.K, U.S.A, and Australia. This means the treatment system was unable to produce an effluent with the ability to replace the water use indoor. Therefore, it is recommended that an advanced treatment system for greywater such as Submerged Membrane Bioreactor be applied to maximize the intake of treated greywater for indoor and outdoor uses.
Type of trellis affects radiation absorption and must composition but not yield of Petite Sirah' grapes

The effects of trellising on absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400- to 700-nm wavelength) by foliage and fruits, on fruit composition, and yield were studied in 1988 under semi-arid conditions using field-grown Vitis vinifera L. Petite Sirah' grapevines in a mature vineyard. A vertical inclination was obtained by attaching shoots to a verticaUy arranged three-wire trellis; 60 o shoot inclination from horizontal was obtained by attaching shoots to a «V-type» Tatura trellis; a standard two-wire trellis (control) was used in which shoots attached to the upper wire were permitted to orient downward to the vineyard floor (.)
Comparative metagenomic approaches reveal swine-specific bacterial populations useful for fecal source identification

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . vi TABLE OF CONTENTS . vii Chapter 1: Genomic Approaches for Microbial Source Tracking . 1 1.1. Impact of Fecal Pollution . 1 1.1. 0. Microbial Water Quality and Fecal Pollution . 1 1.1.1. Nonpoint sources of fecal pollution . 2 1.1.2. Issues associated with swine waste . 3 1.2. Fecal Source Tracking: State of Science . 4 1.2. 0. Fecal Source Identification . 4 1.2.1. Microbial Source Tracking (MST) targets . 5 1.2. 2. Swine gastrointestinal microbiota . 7 1.2. 3. Do host-specific populations exist in the gastrointestinal tract? 8 1.2. 4. Non-16S rRNA gene targets proposed for fecal source tracking . 9 1.3. Comparative Metagenomics Applications for Fecal Source Tracking . 11 1.3. 0. Fecal bacterial genomes . 11 1.3. 1. Comparative genomics as a tool for marker development . 14 1.3. 2. Metagenomics . 19 1.3. 3. Metagenomic methods . 21 1.3. 4. Bioinformatics analysis . 23 1.3. 5. Comparative metagenomics . 24 1.3. 6. Competitive hybridization methods for comparative metagenomics . 26 1.4. Specific aims of research . 27 1.5. Significance of Research . 28 Chapter 2: Bifidobacteria in Feces and Environmental Waters . 29 2.1. Abstract . 29
Acid fish silage in the diet of pacu and tambacu reared at cold suboptimal temperature

The objective of this work was to evaluate the supplementation of diet of pacu and tambacu with acid fish silage during winter. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (two genetic groups and two diets), with three replicates. The genetic group factor was composed of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and tambacu (♀ Colossoma macropomum × ♂ Piaractus mesopotamicus). The two diets were based on plant ingredients; one of them was supplemented with acid fish silage (silage diet), and the other was a base diet without supplementation. Twelve net tanks, six from which with pacu, and six with tambacu, were used as experimental units, with ten fish in each tank. There was an interaction of the factors for final length, final weight, and daily weight gain. Pacu fed the silage diet showed a higher growth than pacu fed with the base diet; however, this effect was not observed for tambacu. A higher feed efficiency was observed for pacu than for tambacu, without a diet effect. The diet supplementation with acid fish silage improves the productive performance of pacu reared at cold suboptimal temperature, but it does not have this effect on tambacu.
Reproductive traits and factors affecting the size at maturity of Cancer pagurus across Northern Europe

19 Here we undertake the first broad-scale, cross-institutional collaboration to collect data on the 20 size at maturity and reproductive strategy of the commercially fished decapod crab species, 21 C. pagurus. Using identical methodology and temporal sampling, morphometric and 22 physiological estimates of size at maturity were undertaken using 1 806 crabs sampled from 23 populations in the seas off Ireland, the Isle of Man, Scotland, Wales, England and Norway. 24 Additionally body condition, prevalence of external parasites, black spot disease, and the 25 hepatosomatic index (HSI, hepatopancreas weight as a percentage of total tissue weight) and 26 gonadosomatic index (GSI, gonad weight as a percentage of total tissue weight) were 27
Quantifying the Generation of T Cell Immunity using a Systems Biology Approach.

The immune system is our defense against pathogens. Quantitatively predicting its response to foreign stimulation is key toward developing tools to interfere with or prevent infection (e.g. vaccines and immunotherapies). I use a systems biology approach and develop computational models describing dynamics occurring within lymph nodes, sites where activated immune cells are generated. These effector cells circulate out into blood and to sites of infection participating in immunity. I both quantitatively and qualitatively study dynamics of immune cells during a generalized infection as well as during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The models predict that their 3-dimensional configuration enables the lymph nodes to support rare antigen-specific T cells to efficiently search for antigen-bearing dendritic cells, and this efficiency is not reduced when the precursor frequency increases in a wide range. The models also predict strategies to manipulate the differentiation of immune cells to maximize specific subtypes of T cells populations, depending on different immunomodulation goals. When coupled with Mtb infection models, our models are able to assist vaccine design by finding correlations between immune cell subsets and protection against Mtb, and also help identify mechanisms controlling different disease outcomes at host level.