Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrating habitat models for threatened species with landownership information to inform coastal resiliency and conservation planning

Sea-level rise threatens both human communities and vulnerable species within coastal areas. Joint spatial planning can allow conservation and social resiliency goals to work in synergy. We present a case study integrating distribution information of a threatened saltmarsh bird, the eastern black rail (Laterallus jamaicensis jamaicensis), with social information to facilitate such joint planning. We constructed a distribution model for the species within an urbanizing coastal region (New Jersey, USA) and integrated this with publicly available parcel and protected area data to summarize ownership patterns. We estimated that c. 0.3–2.8% (c. 260–2200 ha) of available saltmarsh is occupied by eastern black rail, most of which is publicly owned (79%). Privately owned saltmarsh was spread across nearly 5000 individual parcels, 10% of which contained areas with the highest likelihood of rail presence according to our model (top quartile of predicted occupancy probabilities). Compared with all privately owned saltmarsh, parcels with probable rail habitat were larger (median: 5 versus 2 ha), contained more marsh (87% versus 59%) and were less economically valuable (US$11 200 versus US$36 100). Our approach of integrating species distributions with landownership data helps clarify trade-offs and synergies in species conservation and coastal resiliency planning.
APM 08279+5255: Keck Near- and Mid-Infrared High-Resolution Imaging

We present Keck high-resolution near-IR (2.2 μm; FWHM ~ 0.″15) and mid-IR (12.5 μm; FWHM ~ 0.″4) images of APM 08279+5255, a z = 3.91 IR-luminous broad absorption line quasi-stellar object with a prodigious apparent bolometric luminosity of 5 × 1015 L☉, the largest known in the universe. The K-band image shows that this system consists of three components, all of which are likely to be the gravitationally lensed images of the same background object, and the 12.5 μm image shows a morphology consistent with such an image configuration. Our lens model suggests that the magnification factor is ~100 from the rest-frame UV to mid-IR, where most of the luminosity is released. The intrinsic bolometric luminosity and IR luminosity of APM 08279+5255 are estimated to be 5 × 1013 L☉ and 1 × 1013 L☉, respectively. This indicates that APM 08279+5255 is intrinsically luminous, but it is not the most luminous object known. As for its dust contents, little can be determined with the currently available data because of the uncertainties associated with the dust emissivity and the possible effect of differential magnification. We also suggest that the lensing galaxy is likely to be a massive galaxy at z ~ 3.
Equivalence of open/closed strings

In this paper, we prove that the open and closed strings are $O(D,D)$ equivalent. The equivalence requires an AdS geometry near the boundaries. The $O(D,D)$ invariance is introduced into the Polyakov action by the Tseytlin's action. Traditionally, there exist disconnected open-open or closed-closed configurations in the solution space of the Tseytlin's action. The open-closed configuration is ruled out by the mixed terms of the dual fields. We show that, under some very general guidances, the dual fields are consistently decoupled if and only if the near horizon geometry is $AdS_5$. We then have open-closed and closed-open configurations in different limits of the distances of the $D3$-brane pairs. Inherited from the definition of the theory, these four configurations are of course related to each other by $O(D,D)$ transformations. We therefore conclude that both the open/closed relation and open/closed duality can be derived from $O(D,D)$ symmetries. We then demonstrate the open/closed relation does connect commutative open and closed strings. By analyzing the couplings of the configurations, the low energy effective limits of our results consequently predicts the AdS/CFT correspondence, Higher spin theory, weak gauge/weak gravity duality and a yet to be proposed strong gauge/strong gravity duality. Furthermore, we also have the Seiberg duality and a weak/strong gravitation duality as consequences of $O(D,D)$ symmetries.
In vivo study of subacute oral toxicity of kelulut honey

Kelulut honey is favoured for its tremendous nutritional benefits. However, the lack of systematic safety studies leads to it having no quality control or safety guarantee for the consumers. Consequently, the present work was designed to assess the effect of daily kelulut honey consumption. Subacute oral toxicity study was conducted following the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guideline 407. Sprague Dawley rats were administered with kelulut honey at the concentrations of 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg for four weeks, and observed for any changes or toxicity signs following daily consumption. The rats were physically and biochemically analysed, and the serum of highest honey concentration (2,000 mg/kg) consumption underwent metabolite analysis. Histopathology observations on the kidney and liver were also performed. The highest concentration of kelulut honey did not show any mortality or toxicity. Overall, there were no significant differences in all parameters, physically and biochemically, as compared to the control (distilled water), thus indicating the absence of toxicity of kelulut honey daily consumption. It was found that kelulut honey consumption demonstrated generally good health effects, such as in controlling food intake, weight gain, and increasing immune function. The honey’s lethal medium dose surpassed 2,000 mg/kg, thus classified in category 5 according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, which means that it is safe to consume at a high dose.
Higher twists in polarized DIS and the size of the constituent quark

The spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry implies the presence of a short-distance scale in the QCD vacuum, which phenomenologically may be associated with the size of the constituent quark, $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\approx}0.3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$. We discuss the role of this scale in the matrix elements of the twist-4 and 3 quark-gluon operators determining the leading power ($1/{Q}^{2}$)-corrections to the moments of the nucleon spin structure functions. We argue that the flavor-nonsinglet twist-4 matrix element, ${f}_{2}^{u\ensuremath{-}d}$, has a sizable negative value of the order ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, due to the presence of sea quarks with virtualities $\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ in the proton wave function. The twist-3 matrix element, ${d}_{2}$, is not related to the scale ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. Our arguments support the results of previous calculations of the matrix elements in the instanton vacuum model. We show that this qualitative picture is in agreement with the phenomenological higher-twist correction extracted from an NLO QCD fit to the world data on ${g}_{1}^{p}$ and ${g}_{1}^{n}$, which include recent data from the Jefferson Lab Hall A and COMPASS experiments. We comment on the implications of the short-distance scale $\ensuremath{\rho}$ for quark-hadron duality and the $x$-dependence of higher-twist contributions.
Phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of solvent extracts from four edible flowers

In order to identify new sources of natural antioxidants, the antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts from four edible flower samples [Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. , Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn, Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem, and Cucurbita pepo L. ) were systemically investigated. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and individual phenolic profile of each extract were investigated, and antioxidant activities were measured by the DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity, total reduction capability, and ferrous ions chelating activity. Results revealed that all flower extracts exhibited antioxidant activities, and contained certain amounts of phenolic compounds. Specifically, different solvents exhibited different efficiencies in the extraction of phenolics, flavonoids, and compounds with antioxidant activities. The 70% ethanolic extract from B. hispida yielded the highest TPC (49.92 mg GAE/g DW), superoxide radical scavenging activity (IC50, 0.073 mg/mL), and FRAP value (18.05 mg of GAE/g DW). The highest TFC was obtained with the ethanolic extract of W. sinensis (30.39 mg QE/g DW), and the contents of apigenin, luteolin, and myricetin in the ethanolic extract of W. sinensis were significantly higher than those in the other extracts. The 40% ethanolic extract of L. cylindrica yielded the highest DPPH scavenging capacity (IC50, 0.340 mg/mL), and water extract of B. hispida yielded the highest chelating activity (0.027 mg/mL). Correlation analysis indicated that total phenolics and flavonoids in the extracts were the major contributors to the DPPH scavenging activities and FRAP activities. Overall, results demonstrated that these edible flowers could serve as useful source of natural antioxidants, and be used as functional food ingredients.
Autopsy by Imaging: The Last 10 Years

Virtual autopsies (VAs) are non-invasive, bypassing many of the challenges posed by traditional autopsies (TAs). This is a literature review about the sensitivity of the main VA techniques: post mortem (PM) computed tomography (PMCT) and PM magnetic resonance (PMMR). This could help to identify the most appropriate uses for VA, and where future research should focus. A review was performed, searching for literature from the last 10 years regarding how sensitive VA is at detecting common lesions that could cause or contribute to death. 33 studies were included. There was strong agreement that PMCT had strengths in detecting: free gas; fractures; large fluid accumulations; and calcifications. PMCT’s weaknesses included missing: pulmonary emboli; myocardial infarctions; and visceral/soft tissue lesions. The strengths of PMMR were less widely agreed, but included detecting: large fluid collections; myocardial infarctions; and visceral/soft tissue lesions. There were no wide agreements on PMMR’s weaknesses due to a lack of literature. Therefore, VA is a useful adjunct to TA; however, its drawbacks in reliably detecting common causes of death restrict its ability to fully replace TA. Novel imaging techniques are being developed in order to bridge the current gaps of VA, and make autopsies even less invasive.
Velocity Profile of the Ionized Disk and the Mass of the Black Hole in M87

We present a theoretical model for the ionized disk in M87 which includes spiral shock waves. The line emission profiles computed from this model at various positions on the disk are found to be in agreement with the recent Hubble Space Telescope results. Based on this model, we find that the ionized disk comprises two-armed giant spiral shock waves which extend from around $0.1$ arc sec from the center to at least $1$ arc second or more. Our model requires that the mass of the black hole be $(4 \pm 0.2) \times 10^9 M_\odot$ and the inclination angle to be $(42\pm 2)^{\deg}$. We predict the nature of the line profiles at many other locations of the disk which could be verified in future observations.
The $\dot{M} - M$ relationship in pre-main sequence stars

We examine the recent data and analysis of Natta et al. concerning the accretion rate on to young stars as a function of stellar mass, and conclude that the apparently steep dependence of accretion rate on mass is strongly driven by selection/detection thresholds. We argue that a convincing demonstration of a physical relationship between accretion and stellar mass requires further studies which, as is the case for Natta et al., include information on upper limits, and which quantify the possible incompleteness of the sample, at both low and high accretion rates. We point out that the distribution of detections in the ( M, ˙ M )-plane can in principle be used to test conventional accretion disc evolutionary models, and that higher sensitivity observations might be able to test the hypothesis of accelerated disc clearing at late times.
Response of leaf nutrients, yield, growth parameters, and evapotranspiration of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt) to shallow and saline groundwater depths

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to assess the effects of main and interactive groundwater salinities (GWS) (GWS1:0.38, GWS2: 5.0, and GWS3: 10 dS m−1) and groundwater depths (GWD) (GWD1: 0.30, GWD2: 0.55, and GWD3: 0.80 m) on yield and growth parameters of sweet corn. The canned seed yield in the GWS2 and GWS3 treatments reduced by 21.97% and 54.87%, respectively, as compared to the GWS1. Increasing GWS from 0.38 to 5.0 and 10.0 dS m−1 decreased aboveground fresh biomass by 16.67 and 37.95%, respectively. The groundwater contribution to ET varied from 26.80% to 87.10%, and capillary rise from groundwater to plant root zone decreased significantly with increasing GWD. The results showed that plant growth was not significantly affected under 0.38 dS m−1 GWS conditions at 0.55 m GWD, while the groundwater contribution to ET was about 52%. Stomata and SPAD values increased by 36.36% and 4.34%, respectively, in GWD3 treatment compared to GWD1 treatment. Besides, GWS decreased the leaf’s K+, K+/Na+, and Ca2+/Na+ ratios at different depths. In conclusion, it can be suggested that GWD should be at least 0.80 m to achieve high sweet corn production in regions with moderately or highly saline groundwater.
Wavelet transform-based prediction of the likelihood of successful defibrillation for patients exhibiting ventricular fibrillation

We report on an improved method for the prediction of the outcome from electric shock therapy for patients in ventricular fibrillation: the primary arrhythmia associated with sudden cardiac death. Our wavelet transform-based marker, COP (cardioversion outcome prediction), is compared to three other well-documented shock outcome predictors: median frequency (MF) of fibrillation, spectral energy (SE) and AMSA (amplitude spectrum analysis). Optimum specificities for sensitivities around 95% for the four reported methods are 63 ± 4% at 97 ± 2% (COP), 42 ± 15% at 90 ± 7% (MF), 12 ± 3% at 94 ± 5% (SE) and 56 ± 5% at 94 ± 5% (AMSA), with successful defibrillation defined as the rapid (<60 s) return of sustained (>30 s) spontaneous circulation. This marked increase in performance by COP at specificity values around 95%, required for implementation of the technique in practice, is achieved by its enhanced ability to partition pertinent information in the time–frequency plane. COP therefore provides an optimal index for the identification of patients for whom shocking would be futile and for whom an alternative therapy should be considered.
Papillary tumor of the pineal region in pediatric patient – A case report

Background: Papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR) represents a rare and histologically distinct subgroup of tumors originating in the pineal region. Few pediatric cases have been reported so far in the literature; therefore, clinical data are scarce. Case Description: We describe a case of PTPR in a 9-year-old girl who presented with a 5-month history of excessive appetite and weight gain. The patient underwent neuroimaging procedures and total gross surgical resection with postoperative adjuvant local radiotherapy, which from our experience was the best treatment choice as an attempt to avoid local recurrence. During 78-month follow-up, the patient from our study manifested no disease recurrence. Conclusion: PTPR should be included in the differential diagnosis of pineal region masses.
Fueling the central engine of radio galaxies III. Molecular gas and star formation efficiency of 3C 293

Context. Powerful radio galaxies show evidence of ongoing active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback, mainly in the form of fast, massive outflows. But it is not clear how these outflows affect the star formation of their hosts. Aims. We investigate the different manifestations of AGN feedback in the evolved, powerful radio source 3C 293 and their impact on the molecular gas of its host galaxy, which harbors young star-forming regions and fast outflows of H i and ionized gas. Methods. We study the distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas of 3C 293 using high spatial resolution observations of the 12 CO(1−0) and 12 CO(2−1) lines, and the 3 mm and 1 continuum taken with the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer. We mapped the molecular gas of 3C 293 and compared it with the dust and star-formation images of the host. We searched for signatures of outflow motions in the CO kinematics, and re-examined the evidence of outflowing gas in the H i spectra. We also derived the star formation rate (SFR) and star formation efficiency (SFE) of the host with all available SFR tracers from the literature, and compared them with the SFE of young and evolved radio galaxies and normal star-forming galaxies. Results. The 12 CO(1−0) emission line shows that the molecular gas in 3C 293 is distributed along a massive (M(H2) ∼ 2.2 × 10 10 M� ) ∼24 �� (21 kpc-) diameter warped disk, that rotates around the AGN. Our data show that the dust and the star formation are clearly associated with the CO disk. The 12 CO(2−1) emission is located in the inner 7 kpc (diameter) region around the AGN, coincident with the inner part of the 12 CO(1−0) disk. Both the 12 CO(1−0) and 12 CO(2−1) spectra reveal the presence of an absorber against the central regions of 3C 293 that is associated with the disk. We do not detect any fast (500 km s −1 ) outflow motions in the cold molecular gas. The host of 3C 293 shows an SFE consistent with the Kennicutt-Schmidt law of normal galaxies and young radio galaxies, and it is 10–50 times higher than the SFE estimated with the 7.7 μm PAH emission of evolved radio galaxies. Our results suggest that the apparently low SFE of evolved radio galaxies may be caused by an underestimation of the SFR and/or an overestimation of the molecular gas densities in these sources. Conclusions. The molecular gas of 3C 293, while not incompatible with a mild AGN-triggered flow, does not reach the high velocities (500 km s −1 ) observed in the H i spectrum. We find no signatures of AGN feedback in the molecular gas of 3C 293.
Electrical transport measurements of clean and small diameter individual single walled carbon nanotubes aligned on ST-cut quartz substrates

A method is presented for setting electrical terminals on individual single walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) aligned on an ST-cut quartz substrate, and the measurement of their electrical transport properties from room temperature down to 2 K. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of a 0.9 nm in diameter SWNT shows metallic behavior from room temperature to 120 K, and then an increase at lower temperatures down to 2K. Its low temperature behavior is found to be consistent with Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid and Coulomb blockade theories. On the other hand, a SWNT, with a diameter of 0.4 nm, exhibits semiconducting properties at high temperatures, and a transition to an insulating state at low temperatures. These results elucidate some of the electrical properties of SWNTs in this unique configuration, and help pave the way towards prospective device applications.
A joint ALMA–Bolocam–Planck SZ study of the pressure distribution in RX J1347.5−1145

We report the joint analysis of single-dish and interferometric observations of the Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect from the galaxy cluster RX J1347.5−1145. We have developed a parametric fitting procedure that uses native imaging and visibility data, and tested it using the rich data sets from ALMA, Bolocam, and Planck available for this object. RX J1347.5−1145 is a very hot and luminous cluster showing signatures of a merger. Previous X-ray-motivated SZ studies have highlighted the presence of an excess SZ signal south-east of the X-ray peak, which was generally interpreted as a strong shock-induced pressure perturbation. Our model, when centred at the X-ray peak, confirms this. However, the presence of two almost equally bright giant elliptical galaxies separated by ∼100 kpc makes the choice of the cluster centre ambiguous, and allows for considerable freedom in modelling the structure of the galaxy cluster. For instance, we have shown that the SZ signal can be well described by a single smooth ellipsoidal generalized Navarro–Frenk–White profile, where the best-fitting centroid is located between the two brightest cluster galaxies. This leads to a considerably weaker excess SZ signal from the south-eastern substructure. Further, the most prominent features seen in the X-ray can be explained as predominantly isobaric structures, alleviating the need for highly supersonic velocities, although overpressurized regions associated with the moving subhaloes are still present in our model.
DO CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FINANCIAL CHARACTERISTICS MAY INCREASE CSR DISCLOSURES?

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of corporate governance and financial characteristics on the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The corporate governance variable uses the composition of the board and board committees, while the financial characteristics are proxied by the size of the company. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. A total of 17 companies used in this study were selected with the provisions of being included in the SRIKEHATI Index ranking from 2016 to 2020 with a total data of 85 observations. The method of analysis uses multiple linear regression panel data. The results show that corporate governance as measured by the composition of the board has a positive and significant effect on CSR disclosure, while the board committee has no significant effect on CSR disclosure even though the resulting coefficient is positive. The financial characteristics that are proxied through the size of the company also do not have a significant effect on CSR disclosure. Meanwhile, of the many proxies of corporate governance and financial characteristics, only 2 corporate governance variables and 1 variable are used to measure financial characteristics. The contribution of this research is that good governance through the role of the composition of the board of commissioners can improve the quality of CSR disclosure, so companies need to improve the composition of the board of commissioners in the company.
Dark matter relic abundance and scalar-tensor dark energy

Scalar-tensor theories of gravity provide a consistent framework to accommodate an ultralight quintessence scalar field. While the equivalence principle is respected by construction, deviations from general relativity and standard cosmology may show up at nucleosynthesis, cosmic microwave background, and solar system tests of gravity. After imposing all the bounds coming from these observations, we consider the expansion rate of the Universe at weakly interacting massive particle decoupling, showing that it can lead to an enhancement of the dark matter relic density up to few orders of magnitude with respect to the standard case. This effect can have an impact on supersymmetric candidates for dark matter.