Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional volumetric analyses of temporal bone pneumatization from early childhood to early adulthood in a South African population.

BACKGROUND A debate exists on whether the size of temporal bone pneumatization is a cause or consequence of otitis media (a global disease burden). However, a normal middle-ear mucosa is a prerequisite for normal temporal bone pneumatization. This study investigated the size of temporal bone pneumatization with age and the normal distribution of air cell volume in different stages of human growth postnatally. MATERIALS AND METHODS A three-dimensional computer-based volumetric-rendering technique was performed bilaterally on 248 head/brain and internal acoustic meatus CT images of slice thickness ≤ 0.6 mm consisting of 133 males and 115 females with age range 0-35 years. RESULTS The average volume of infant (0-2 years) pneumatization was 1920 mm3, with an expected rapid increase to about 4510 mm³ in childhood (6-9 years). The result also showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the volume of air cells up to the young adult stage I (19-25 years), followed by a significant decline in young adult stage II (26-35 years). However, the females were observed to experience an earlier increase than males. Also, population differences were observed as the Black South African population group showed a higher increase in volume with age than the White and Indian South African population groups, though the volumes of the latter increased up to young adult stage II. CONCLUSIONS This study concludes that the pneumatization of a healthy temporal bone is expected to continue a linear increase up until at least adult stage I. Termination of temporal bone pneumatization in an individual before this stage could signify pathologic involvement of the middle ear during childhood.
Extending magnetohydrodynamics to the slow dynamics of collisionless plasmas

A fluid approach aimed to provide a consistent description of the slow dynamics of a collisionless plasma, is presented. In this regime, both Landau damping and finite Larmor radius effects cannot be ignored. Two models are discussed; one retains the dynamics at sub-ionic scales, while the other is restricted to scales larger than the ion gyroscale. Special attention is paid to the capability of these approaches to accurately reproduce the properties of linear waves that are known to play an important role, for example, in the small-scale dynamics of solar wind turbulence.
Queering Hookup Motives in a Diverse Sample of LGBTQ+ Young Adults

ABSTRACT There is a paucity of research on hookup motives among LGBTQ+ young adults, despite the importance of such sexual encounters for the development of LGBTQ+ young adults’ identities. In this study, we examined the hookup motives of a diverse sample of LGBTQ+ young adults through in-depth qualitative interviews. Interviews were conducted with 51 LGBTQ+ young adults across college campuses at three sites in North America. We asked participants, “What sorts of things motivate you to hook up? ” and “Why do you hook up? ” Six distinct hookup motives emerged from participants’ responses. They included: a) pleasure/enhancement, b) intimacy and social-relationship motives, c) self-affirmation, d) coping, e) cultural norms and easy access, and f) multifaceted motives. While some of our themes cohered with previously identified hookup motives among heterosexual samples, LGBTQ+ young adults identified new and distinct motives that illustrate major differences between their hookup experiences and that of heterosexual young adults. For example, LGBTQ+ young adults were motivated to pleasure their hookup partner, not just themselves. They were also motivated by cultural norms within the queer community, easy access to hookup partners, and multifaceted motives. There is a need for data-driven ways to conceptualize hookup motives among LGBTQ+ young adults, instead of unquestioningly using heterosexual templates for understanding why LGBTQ+ individuals hook up.
Association between lipoprotein(a) and peripheral arterial disease in coronary artery bypass grafting patients

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects a large population and is associated with various adverse clinical outcomes. Lipoprotein(a) has proatherogenic properties and is associated with PAD incidence and severity. The aim of this study is to explore the association between LP(a) and PAD in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients.
FBXO11 amplifies type I interferon signaling to exert antiviral effects by facilitating the assemble of TRAF3–TBK1–IRF3 complex

As the key component of host innate antiviral immunity, type I interferons (IFN‐Is) exert multiple antiviral effects by inducing hundreds of IFN‐stimulated genes. However, the precise mechanism involved in host sensing of IFN‐I signaling priming is particularly complex and remains incompletely resolved. This research identified F‐box protein 11 (FBXO11), a component of the E3‐ubiquitin ligase SKP/Cullin/F‐box complex, acted as an important regulator of IFN‐I signaling priming and antiviral process against several RNA/DNA viruses. FBXO11 functioned as an essential enhancer of IFN‐I signaling by promoting the phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3. Mechanistically, FBXO11 facilitated the assembly of TRAF3–TBK1–IRF3 complex by mediating the K63 ubiquitination of TRAF3 in a NEDD8‐dependent manner to amplify the activation of IFN‐I signaling. Consistently, the NEDD8‐activating enzyme inhibitor MLN4921 could act as a blocker for FBXO11–TRAF3–IFN‐I axis of signaling. More significantly, examination of clinical samples of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and public transcriptome database of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2‐, HBV‐, and hepatitis C virus‐infected human samples revealed that FBXO11 expression was positively correlated with the stage of disease course. Taken together, these findings suggest that FBXO11 is an amplifier of antiviral immune responses and might serve as a potential therapeutic target for a number of different viral diseases.
Effect of antibiotic monensin on cell proliferation and IGF1R signaling pathway in human colorectal cancer cells

Abstract Background/Aims Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of death in patients with cancers in America. Monensin has represented anti-cancer effect on various human cancer cells. We seek to investigate the effect of monensin on proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells and explore whether IGF1R signaling pathway is involved in anti-cancer mechanism of monensin. Methods Cell proliferation and migration were assessed by crystal violet staining and cell wounding assay respectively. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry. Cell cycle progression was detected with the use of flow cytometry. Cancer-associated pathways were assessed with the use of pathway-specific reporters. Gene expression was detected by touchdown-quantitative real-time PCR. Inhibition of IGF1R was tested by immunofluorescence staining. Inhibition of IGF1R signaling was accomplished by adenovirus-mediated expression of IGF1. Results We found that monensin not only effectively inhibited cell proliferation, cell migration as well as cell cycle progression, but also induced apoptosis and G1 arrest in human colorectal cancer cells. Monensin was shown to target multiple cancer-related signaling pathways such as Elk1, AP1, as well as Myc/max, and suppressed IGF1R expression via increasing IGF1 in colorectal cancer cells. Conclusion Monensin could suppressed IGF1R expression via increasing IGF1 in colorectal cancer cells. It has the potential to be repurposed as an anti-colorectal cancer agent, but further studies are still required to investigate the detailed mechanisms of monensin underlying its anti-cancer motion. Key Messages Monensin inhibits the cell proliferation and the migration, induces apoptosis and inhibits cell cycle progression in human colorectal cancer cells. Monensin may exert anti-cancer activity by targeting multiple signaling pathways, including the IGF1R signaling pathway. Monensin has the potential to be repurposed as an anti-colorectal cancer agent.
Evidence for an itinerant electron moment in cubic Laves-phase rare-earth - transition-metal compounds

The magnetic properties of the series of pseudo-binary compounds YFeuCo2-u have been examined in an attempt to obtain further information concerning the nature of the transition-metal moment in the cubic Laves-phase rare-earth - transition-metal compounds. The variation of the observed moment throughout the series can be understood on the basis of a non-localized moment associated with the transition-metal ion. The variation of the Curie temperature may be associated with the variation of the lattice parameter between the terminal compounds.
A sharp inequality of J. Moser for higher order derivatives

In fact go = nwl/(1), where wnis the area of the surface of the unit n-ball. Also, he notes that if /3 exceeds go then (1) can no longer hold with some co independent of the u, satisfying (2). The fact that this result holds for some /3 > 0 independent of u has been observed now by several authors with a variety of proofs; see [24], [20], [23], [22], [10], [4], [1], [2], [13], [14], for example. The earliest of these arguments expands the exponential function in a power series. Then observing that the norm in the imbedding
Shifts in functional traits and interactions patterns of soil methane‐cycling communities following forest‐to‐pasture conversion in the Amazon Basin

Deforestation threatens the integrity of the Amazon biome and the ecosystem services it provides, including greenhouse gas mitigation. Forest‐to‐pasture conversion has been shown to alter the flux of methane gas (CH4) in Amazonian soils, driving a switch from acting as a sink to a source of atmospheric CH4. This study aimed to better understand this phenomenon by investigating soil microbial metagenomes, focusing on the taxonomic and functional structure of methane‐cycling communities. Metagenomic data from forest and pasture soils were combined with measurements of in situ CH4 fluxes and soil edaphic factors and analysed using multivariate statistical approaches. We found a significantly higher abundance and diversity of methanogens in pasture soils. As inferred by co‐occurrence networks, these microorganisms seem to be less interconnected within the soil microbiota in pasture soils. Metabolic traits were also different between land uses, with increased hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic pathways of methanogenesis in pasture soils. Land‐use change also induced shifts in taxonomic and functional traits of methanotrophs, with bacteria harbouring genes encoding the soluble form of methane monooxygenase enzyme (sMMO) depleted in pasture soils. Redundancy analysis and multimodel inference revealed that the shift in methane‐cycling communities was associated with high pH, organic matter, soil porosity and micronutrients in pasture soils. These results comprehensively characterize the effect of forest‐to‐pasture conversion on the microbial communities driving the methane‐cycling microorganisms in the Amazon rainforest, which will contribute to the efforts to preserve this important biome.
Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by SIRT3 inhibition drives proinflammatory macrophage polarization in obesity

Metabolic reprogramming is a main feature of proinflammatory macrophage polarization, a process that leads to inflammation in dysfunctional adipose tissue. Therefore, the study aim was to explore whether sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase, participates in this pathophysiological process.
Effects of COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy on SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and maternal and neonatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, but no systematic synthesis of evidence on COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy against these outcomes has been undertaken. Thus, we aimed to assess the collective evidence on the effects of COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes. PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE were systematically searched for articles published up to 1 November 2022. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to calculate pooled effects size and 95% confidence interval (CI). We evaluated 30 studies involving 862,272 individuals (308,428 vaccinated and 553,844 unvaccinated). Overall pooled analyses in pregnant women during pregnancy showed reduced risks of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by 60% (41%–73%), COVID‐19 hospitalisation during pregnancy by 53% (31%–69%), and COVID‐19 intensive care unit (ICU) admission by 82% (12%–99%). Neonates of vaccinated women were 1.78 folds more likely to acquire SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during the first 2, 4 and 6 months of life during the Omicron period. The risk of stillbirth was reduced by 45% (17%–63%) in association with vaccination (vs. no vaccination) in pregnancy. A decrease of 15% (3%–25%), 33% (14%–48%), and 33% (17%–46%) in the odds of preterm births before 37, 32 and 28 weeks' gestation were associated with vaccination (vs. no vaccination) in pregnancy, respectively. The risk of neonatal ICU admission was significantly lower by 20% following COVID‐19 vaccination in pregnancy (16%–24%). There was no evidence of a higher risk of adverse outcomes including miscarriage, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, cardiac problems, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, unassisted vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery, postpartum haemorrhage, gestational age at delivery, placental abruption, Apgar score at 5 min below 7, low birthweight (<2500 g), very low birthweight (<1500 g), small for gestational age, and neonatal foetal abnormalities. COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy is safe and highly effective in preventing maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in pregnancy, without increasing the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, and is associated with a reduction in stillbirth, preterm births, and neonatal ICU admission. Importantly, maternal vaccination did not reduce the risk of neonatal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during the first 6 months of life during the Omicron period.
Turing instability and Hopf bifurcation in a diffusive Leslie–Gower predator–prey model

In this paper, a reaction‐diffusion predator–prey system that incorporates the Holling‐type II and a modified Leslie‐Gower functional responses is considered. For ODE, the local stability of the positive equilibrium is investigated and the specific conditions are obtained. For partial differential equation, we consider the dissipation and persistence of solutions, the Turing instability of the equilibrium solutions, and the Hopf bifurcation. By calculating the normal form, we derive the formulae, which can determine the direction and the stability of Hopf bifurcation according to the original parameters of the system. We also use some numerical simulations to illustrate our theoretical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiative lifetimes of the CN (A 2 Pi i) electronic state

radiative lifetimes have been measured for cn (a2-pi(i) v' = 2 . 7). ground-state radicals formed in the 193 nm photolysis of c2n2 and clcn were excited to a2-pi(i) v' = 2 . 7) vibrational levels. the decay was monitored by following the fluorescence . cascading effects were eliminated by working at low pressures and monitoring emission from a single vibrational band. quenching rates and zero-pressure radiative lifetimes were obtained from stem-volmer plots. the lifetimes are significantly lower than previous measurements and theoretical calculations for vibrational states v' > 2.
Data-dependent probability matching priors of the second order

We consider second-order probability matching priors that ensure frequentist validity of posterior quantiles with margin of error o(n −1), where n is the sample size. It is well known that there are many models of interest where data-free second-order probability matching priors do not exist. We explore how this problem can be resolved via consideration of data-dependent priors. This is done both in the absence and presence of nuisance parameters.
Occurrence and prognosis of lung cancer metastasis to major organs: a population-based study

Background Lung cancer metastasis to major organs is an important factor affecting survival. We analyzed the influence of patient characteristics on the incidence and survival of metastasis to major organs. Methods We collected data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database on 58 659 patients diagnosed with stage IV primary lung cancer, including age, sex, race, histological type of tumor, laterality, primary site, number of extrametastatic sites, and treatment. Results Multiple variables affected the incidence of metastasis to major organs and survival. According to histological type of tumor, the following were more common: bone metastasis from adenocarcinoma; brain metastasis from large-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma; liver metastasis from small-cell carcinoma; and intrapulmonary metastasis from squamous-cell carcinoma. A larger number of metastatic sites increased the risk of other metastases and shorter survival. Liver metastasis conferred the worst prognosis, followed by bone metastasis, and brain or intrapulmonary metastasis conferred better prognosis. The effect of radiotherapy alone was poorer than chemotherapy alone or combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In most cases, the effects of chemotherapy and combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy were equivalent. Conclusion Multiple variables affected the incidence of metastasis to major organs and survival. Compared with radiotherapy alone or combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy, chemotherapy alone may be the most cost-effective option for patients with stage IV lung cancer.
A transcriptomic insight into the human sperm microbiome through next-generation sequencing

Abstract The purpose of this study is to provide novel information through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) for the characterization of viral and bacterial RNA cargo of human sperm cells from healthy fertile donors. For this, RNA-seq raw data of poly(A) RNA from 12 sperm samples from fertile donors were aligned to microbiome databases using the GAIA software. Species of viruses and bacteria were quantified in Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) and filtered by minimal expression level (>1% OTU in at least one sample). Mean expression values (and their standard deviation) of each species were estimated. A Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were performed to detect common microbiome patterns among samples. Sixteen microbiome species, families, domains, and orders surpassed the established expression threshold. Of the 16 categories, nine corresponded to viruses (23.07% OTU) and seven to bacteria (2.77% OTU), among which the Herperviriales order and Escherichia coli were the most abundant, respectively. HCA and PCA displayed four clusters of samples with a differentiated microbiome fingerprint. This work represents a pilot study into the viruses and bacteria that make up the human sperm microbiome. Despite the high variability observed, some patterns of similarity among individuals were identified. Further NGS studies under standardized methodological procedures are necessary to achieve a deep knowledge of the semen microbiome and its implications in male fertility.
Fabrication and fundamentals of operation of an InAlAs/InGaAs velocity modulation transistor

We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of an InP-based InAlAs/InGaAs velocity modulation transistor (VMT) based on the double-gate high electron mobility transistor topology. When electrons are transferred between two channels with different mobility, the drain current is modulated while keeping the total carrier density constant. For the fabrication of the transistor, the epitaxial growth has been optimized in order to accomplish the maximum mobility difference between the two active channels. DC characteristics of our VMT have been extracted and an ensemble Monte Carlo simulator is employed to study the microscopic behavior of the fabricated device. The numerical analysis of the carrier density and velocity variation with the gate bias in differential mode demonstrates the actual velocity modulation operation of the fabricated transistors.
The case for small area microdata

Summary. Census data are available in aggregate form for local areas and, through the samples of anonymized records (SARs), as samples of microdata for households and individuals. In 1991 there were two SAR files: a household file and an individual file. These have a high degree of detail on the census variables but little geographical detail, a situation that will be exacerbated for the 2001 SAR owing to the loss of district level geography on the individual SAR. The paper puts forward the case for an additional sample of microdata, also drawn from the census, that has much greater geographical detail. Small area microdata (SAM) are individual level records with local area identifiers and, to maintain confidentiality, reduced detail on the census variables. Population data from seven local authorities, including rural and urban areas, are used to define prototype samples of SAM. The rationale for SAM is given, with examples that demonstrate the role of local area information in the analysis of census data. Since there is a trade‐off between the extent of local detail and the extent of detail on variables that can be made available, the confidentiality risk of SAM is assessed empirically. An indicative specification of the SAM is given, having taken into account the results of the confidentiality analysis.
Results from a phase I study of continuous infusion cladribine, high-dose cytarabine, and mitoxantrone for relapsed/refractory high-grade myeloid neoplasms

Outcomes for patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other high-grade myeloid neoplasms remain poor, prompting the need for improved salvage therapies. One common salvage regimen uses high-dose cytarabine, mitoxantrone, cladribine, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF; regimen known as CLAG-M). This regimen has yielded complete remission (CR) rates of approximately 60% in the phase II studies investigating its use in R/R AML [1,2]. Reported measurable residual disease (MRD) negative ( – ) rates have been around 50% in those patients achieving a CR [2]. Continuous-infusion (CI) delivery of certain chemother-apeutic agents may be superior to bolus dosing: cytarabine, mitoxantrone, and cladribine are all active in dividing cells, suggesting that longer exposure of leukemic blasts due to CI might translate