Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for strong cyclotron line emission in the hard X-ray spectrum of Hercules X-1

We present further results of our Hercules X-1 balloon observation on 1976 May 3 which confirm the existence of a strong line feature at approx.58 keV in the pulsed (1.24s) X-ray spectrum we reported earlier. The spectral excess in the line region over the extrapolated continuum is 5-6 sigma. Our best estimates of the line flux and line width are 3 x 10/sup -3/ photons cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/ and less than approx.12 keV, respectively. The most likely interpretation of this line is electron cyclotron emission at the basic frequency from the hot polar plasma of the rotating neutron star. The corresponding magnetic field strength is 5.3 x 10/sup 12/ gauss. We have searched for the second-harmonic cyclotron emission line in that part of our data showing the highest signal-to-noise ratio and find a 3.3 sigma spectral enhancement near the predicted energy (110 keV). We discuss implications of the line width and the line intensity ratio for the physical conditions of the emitting plasma and the beaming geometry.
Impact of Shared Leadership Quality on Agile Team Productivity and Project Results

Drawing on leadership theory, this research verified what makes shared leadership an effective form of leadership for agile project teams, and whether using it influences the outcomes achieved by such teams as well as the more distal outcomes. Survey data were collected from 251 members of agile project teams implementing projects of an iterative and incremental character. Structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was adopted to test the hypotheses. Our research confirms that shared leadership is an effective form of leadership for agile project teams whose members are empowered to engage in leadership functions or processes. The findings confirm a positive direct impact of shared leadership on the performance of agile project teams and indirect impact on project efficiency and effectiveness. The research results also confirm the influence of project team–related contextual moderators on shared leadership inputs and outputs. The study contributes to leadership theory in the plural leadership research stream and confirms the shift from individual leadership to collective leadership as a result of the growing popularity of the agility paradigm.
Identification and Empiric Evaluation of New Inhibitors of the Multidrug Transporter P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1)

The expression of the drug efflux pump ABCB1 correlates negatively with cancer survival, making the transporter an attractive target for therapeutic inhibition. In order to identify new inhibitors of ABCB1, we have exploited the cryo-EM structure of the protein to develop a pharmacophore model derived from the best docked conformations of a structurally diverse range of known inhibitors. The pharmacophore model was used to screen the Chembridge compound library. We identified six new potential inhibitors with distinct chemistry compared to the third-generation inhibitor tariquidar and with favourable lipophilic efficiency (LipE) and lipophilicity (CLogP) characteristics, suggesting oral bioavailability. These were evaluated experimentally for efficacy and potency using a fluorescent drug transport assay in live cells. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of four of the compounds were in the low nanomolar range (1.35 to 26.4 nM). The two most promising compounds were also able to resensitise ABCB1-expressing cells to taxol. This study demonstrates the utility of cryo-electron microscopy structure determination for drug identification and design.
MATNet: A Combining Multi-Attention and Transformer Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Hyperspectral image (HSI) has rich spatial–spectral information, high spectral correlation, and large redundancy between information. Due to the sparse background distribution of HSI, the existing methods generally perform poorly for the classification of class pixels located in the boundary areas of land cover categories. This is largely because the network is vulnerable to surrounding redundant information during the training stage, leading to inaccurate feature extraction and thus poor generalization ability of the model. Based on previous work, we propose an HSI classification network called MATNet which combines multi-attention and transformer. The network first uses spatial attention (SA) and channel attention (CA) to pay more attention to the more significant information parts, then uses the tokenizer module to make a semantic-level representation of different categories of ground objects, and then performs deep semantic feature extraction using the transformer encoder module. Finally, we design a loss function called Lpoly, which adds a polynomial to the label smoothing loss to tune the original first polynomial to accommodate different datasets and tasks. We perform experiments in several well-known HSI datasets as well as for visualization. The results show that our proposed MATNet performs well in extracting spatial–spectral features of HSIs and understanding semantic degrees of semantic degrees.
Frequency shift of acoustic gravity waves in a stratified, isothermal, turbulent atmosphere

We study the modification of the frequency of small amplitude acoustic gravity waves which propagate in an isothermal turbulent atmosphere that is stratified by a homogeneous gravitational field. Using a Green's function method, the dispersion relation for the frequency of the waves is formulated as an integral eigenvalue equation and it is solved by perturbation techniques. We draw the following main conclusions: (a) for an arbitrary turbulent correlation spectrum the dispersion relation has a root with a negative imaginary part in the unphysical Riemann sheet of the dispersion function, leading to wave attenuation, much in the same way as it happens for Landau damping; (b) the real part of this root differs from the frequency of an acoustic gravity wave propagating in a nonturbulent medium and, for all forms of the turbulent correlation spectrum, the absolute value of this difference increases if gravity increases; (c) for a Gaussian turbulent correlation spectrum, this difference is always positive; (d) conversely if this frequency difference is known from observations, the auto-correlation function of the temperature fluctuations can be calculated through a simple inversion formula.
On Testing Exponentiality Against DMRL Alternatives

A new test statistic for testing exponentiality against DMRL property of life distributions is introduced in this paper. Critical values are tabulated for small and moderate sample sizes based on Monte Carlo simulation. Two sets of real data are used as examples to elucidate the use of the proposed test procedure for practical reliability analysis. The performance of the proposed test statistic is compared with other established procedures described in the literature, and it is shown that the proposed test procedure has a similar performance.
Inverse resonance scattering on the real line

We consider the Schrödinger operator −f″ + qf in , with a real compactly supported potential q. We give the solution of two inverse problems (including characterization): q → {zeros of the reflection coefficient} and q → {bound states and resonances}. We describe the set of ‘isoresonance potentials’, i.e., we obtain all potentials with the same resonances and bound states.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Saudi Women: Knowledge and Misconceptions

The rate of sexually transmitted diseases is increasing globally. Thus, this study aimed to examine the Al akami female community’s knowledge about the nature of sexually transmitted diseases and their associated factors. The STDs-Knowledge Questionnaire (STDs-KQ) was utilized to collect data from the female community (355) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The data were analyzed using JMP Statistics for Windows, version 15. The significance level was set at 0.05. The study reported that participants had a relatively low understanding of STDs in acquisition, protection, prevention, and clinical signs and symptoms; only 33 (9%) had high knowledge scores (10–18), while 70% thought one virus caused all forms of STDs. Also, only 15% of the respondents knew the clinical features of the Chlamydia infection, and 18% identified the correct mode of its transmission. Also, older participants with clinical exposure had a higher knowledge score than young and single females, p < 0.05. A positive correlation between age and knowledge score was reported, r (354) = 0.339, p < 0.0001. The low knowledge scores were associated with marital status, age, and clinical exposure. Practical strategies to minimize literacy toward sexual education and increase the quality of sexual life must be promoted by educators and the academic curriculum
Frailty and comorbidity burden in Atrial Fibrillation

Background With the aging of the population, the characterization of frailty and comorbidity burden is increasingly taking on particular importance. The aims of the present study are to analyze such conditions in a population affected by Atrial Fibrillation (AF), matching it with a population without AF, and to recognize potential independent factors associated with such common cardiovascular disease. Methods This study included subjects consecutively evaluated over 5 years at the Geriatric Outpatient Service, University Hospital of Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy. A sum of 1981 subjects met the inclusion criteria. The AF-group was made up of 330 people, and another 330 people were randomly selected to made up the non-AF-group. The sample was subjected to Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA). Results In our sample, severe comorbidity burden (p = 0.01) and frailty status (p = 0.04) were significantly more common in patients with AF than without AF, independently on gender and age. Furthermore, the 5-years follow-up demonstrated that survival probability was significantly higher in AF-group (p = 0.03). The multivariate analysis (AUC: 0.808) showed that the presence of AF was independently positively associated with a history of coronary heart disease (OR: 2.12) and cerebrovascular disease (OR: 1.64), with the assumption of Beta Blockers (OR: 3.39), and with the number of drugs taken (OR: 1.12), and negatively associated with the assumption of antiplatelets (OR: 0.09). Conclusions Elderly people with AF are frailer, have more severe comorbidities, and take more drugs, in particular beta blockers, than people without AF, who conversely have a higher survival probability. Furthermore, it is necessary to pay attention to antiplatelets, especially in AF-group, in order to avoid dangerous under- or over-prescriptions.
Molecular Hydrogen Outflows in the Central Arcseconds of the T Tauri System

We present new, near-infrared, adaptive optics observations of the enigmatic pre-main-sequence object T Tauri, using broadband filter imagery, long-slit spectroscopy, and Fabry-Perot imaging spectra. The broadband filter images spatially resolve the three stellar components of T Tau in the H, Ks, and L′ photometric bands. We clearly detect T Tau Sb in the J band, and place upper limits on the J brightness of the infrared companion, T Tau Sa. The K-band spectrum of the T Tau S binary also resolves both components, and confirms strong Brγ emission in both stars and photospheric features in Sb. We also report 2.058 μm helium recombination radiation associated with T Tau Sb. The Fabry-Perot channel map centered on the v = 1-0 S(1) line of molecular hydrogen shows a number of spatially extended structures, including a loop of emission north of the stars that is also visible in continuum frames taken at ±900 km s-1 from the line center. The continuum-subtracted H2 image displays bow shock structures associated with the southeast-northwest and east-west outflows. The east-west jet system also shows bright, oblique shocks lining the flow channel. The part of the long-slit spectrum that overlaps this channel wall displays H2 line ratios consistent with shock heating. This region also corresponds to the brightest knot of UV fluorescent emission reported by Saucedo and coworkers. The Fabry-Perot images unambiguously identify T Tau S binary as the source of the east-west outflow, although we cannot yet determine which of the two components produces the jet.
COVID-19 and Pulmonary Angiogenesis: The Possible Role of Hypoxia and Hyperinflammation in the Overexpression of Proteins Involved in Alveolar Vascular Dysfunction

COVID-19 has been considered a vascular disease, and inflammation, intravascular coagulation, and consequent thrombosis may be associated with endothelial dysfunction. These changes, in addition to hypoxia, may be responsible for pathological angiogenesis. This research investigated the impact of COVID-19 on vascular function by analyzing post-mortem lung samples from 24 COVID-19 patients, 10 H1N1pdm09 patients, and 11 controls. We evaluated, through the immunohistochemistry technique, the tissue immunoexpressions of biomarkers involved in endothelial dysfunction, microthrombosis, and angiogenesis (ICAM-1, ANGPT-2, and IL-6, IL-1β, vWF, PAI-1, CTNNB-1, GJA-1, VEGF, VEGFR-1, NF-kB, TNF-α and HIF-1α), along with the histopathological presence of microthrombosis, endothelial activation, and vascular layer hypertrophy. Clinical data from patients were also observed. The results showed that COVID-19 was associated with increased immunoexpression of biomarkers involved in endothelial dysfunction, microthrombosis, and angiogenesis compared to the H1N1 and CONTROL groups. Microthrombosis and vascular layer hypertrophy were found to be more prevalent in COVID-19 patients. This study concluded that immunothrombosis and angiogenesis might play a key role in COVID-19 progression and outcome, particularly in patients who die from the disease.
Sleep Patterns during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain

Background: To mitigate the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, governments around the world adopted exceptional lockdown measures. This led to the disruption of normal life routines, including sleep. The aim of this study was to analyze differences in sleep patterns and subjective variables of sleep quality before and during lockdown. Methods: A sample of 1673 Spanish adults (30% men; 82% of the total were between 21 and 50 years of age) was evaluated. The following sleep variables were evaluated: Sleep latency, sleep time, number and duration of awakenings, sleep satisfaction, daytime sleepiness, and the manifestation of symptoms related to sleep problems. Results: Although 45% of people changed their sleep schedules (resulting in 42% sleeping longer during lockdown), sleep quality (37.6% worse), daytime sleepiness (28% worse), number of awakenings (36.9% more), and duration of awakenings (45% longer) were markedly worse. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences in all the evaluated sleep variables before and during lockdown in both men and women. Women reported less sleep satisfaction, and more symptoms related to sleep problems than men. Conclusions: A deterioration in the sleep patterns of the Spanish population, especially women, because of the lockdown declared due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The association between visceral adiposity index and decreased renal function: A population-based study

Aims We aimed to investigate the association of visceral adiposity index (VAI) with decreased renal function in US adults. Design and methods Cross-sectional data were analyzed for 35,018 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2018. VAI was determined using waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TGs) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Albuminuria was defined as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) >30 mg/g. A low estimated-glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was defined as an eGFR lower than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as either albuminuria or low-eGFR. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to explore the relationship of VAI with albuminuria, low-eGFR and CKD. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were also conducted. Results A total of 35,018 participants were enrolled with albuminuria, low-eGFR, and CKD prevalence rates of 5.18, 6.42, and 10.62%, respectively, which increased with the higher VAI tertiles. After full adjustment, a positive association of VAI with albuminuria (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.06) and CKD (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.06) was observed. Participants in the highest VAI tertile had a significantly 30% increased risk for albuminuria (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.58) and a 27% increased risk for CKD (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.49) compared with those in the lowest VAI tertile. No statistically significant association between VAI and low-eGFR was detected. Subgroup analysis and the interaction term indicated that there was no significant difference among different stratifications. Conclusion Visceral adiposity accumulation evaluating by VAI was associated with increased likelihood of the decline in renal function.
On Gravity Currents in Power-Law Cross-Section Channels : The Effect of Vegetation

We consider the propagation of gravity currents (GC), through an array of vertical obstacles, called vegetation, along channels of power-law cross-section (CS) shapes. We formulate a model and solve it numerically. Special attention is given to the similarity long-term behaviour of the current, for which the analytical solutions are available and compared to the numerical data.
Psychometric testing of the British English Workplace Activity Limitations Scale in four rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions

Abstract Objectives The aims were to validate a British English version of the Workplace Activity Limitations Scale (WALS) linguistically, then test this psychometrically in RA, axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), OA and FM. Methods The WALS was forward translated, reviewed by an expert panel, and cognitive debriefing interviews were conducted. Participants completed a postal questionnaire booklet. Construct (structural) validity was examined by fit to the Rasch measurement model. Concurrent validity included testing between the WALS and the Work Limitations Questionnaire-25 (WLQ-25). Two weeks later, participants were mailed a second questionnaire booklet for test–retest reliability. Results Minor wording changes were made to the WALS, then 831 employed participants completed questionnaires: 267 men and 564 women; 53.5 (s.d. 8.9) years of age; with condition duration 7.7 (s.d. 8.0) years. The WALS satisfied Rasch model requirements, and a WALS Rasch transformation table was created. Concurrent validity was strong with the WLQ-25 (RA rs = 0.78; axSpA rs = 0.83; OA rs = 0.63; FM rs = 0.64). Internal consistency was consistent with group use (α = 0.80–0.87). Test–retest reliability was excellent, with intraclass correlation coefficient (2,1) at ≥0.90. Conclusion A reliable, valid British English version of the WALS is now available for use in the UK.
Enhancing landslide management with hyper-tuned machine learning and deep learning models: Predicting susceptibility and analyzing sensitivity and uncertainty

Introduction Natural hazards such as landslides and floods have caused significant damage to properties, natural resources, and human lives. The increased anthropogenic activities in weak geological areas have led to a rise in the frequency of landslides, making landslide management an urgent task to minimize the negative impact. This study aimed to use hyper-tuned machine learning and deep learning algorithms to predict landslide susceptibility model (LSM) and provide sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in Aqabat Al-Sulbat Asir region of Saudi Arabia. Methods Random forest (RF) was used as the machine learning model, while deep neural network (DNN) was used as the deep learning model. The models were hyper-tuned using the grid search technique, and the best hypertuned models were used for predicting LSM. The generated models were validated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC), F1 and F2 scores, gini value, and precision and recall curve. The DNN based sensitivity and uncertainty analysis was conducted to analyze the influence and uncertainty of the parameters to the landslide. Results Results showed that the RF and DNN models predicted 35.1–41.32 and 15.14–16.2 km2 areas as high and very high landslide susceptibility zones, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curve showed that the LSM by the DNN model achieved 0.96 of AUC, while the LSM by RF model achieved 0.93 of AUC. The sensitivity analysis results showed that rainfall had the highest sensitivity to the landslide, followed by Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), curvature, slope, soil texture, and lineament density. Discussion Road density and geology map had the highest uncertainty to the landslide prediction. This study may be helpful to the authorities and stakeholders in proposing management plans for landslides by considering potential areas for landslide and sensitive parameters.
Filtering and smoothing methods for mixed particle count distributions

A particle count data stream is examined. The data are shown to consist of two mixed process distributions, a base Poisson count process and an outlier process. A model is developed that describes the mixed data stream. A smoothing and filtering method, using an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and Poisson probabilities, is developed that separates the two process distributions into a base process and an outlier process. By separating the two distributions, statistical monitoring schemes can be applied to each. A Bernoulli EWMA is introduced for monitoring the outlier process. Average run length (ARL) evaluation is performed using Markov chain methodology, and suggestions for implementation are provided.
Biology and Regulation of Staphylococcal Biofilm

Despite continuing progress in medical and surgical procedures, staphylococci remain the major Gram-positive bacterial pathogens that cause a wide spectrum of diseases, especially in patients requiring the utilization of indwelling catheters and prosthetic devices implanted temporarily or for prolonged periods of time. Within the genus, if Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis are prevalent species responsible for infections, several coagulase-negative species which are normal components of our microflora also constitute opportunistic pathogens that are able to infect patients. In such a clinical context, staphylococci producing biofilms show an increased resistance to antimicrobials and host immune defenses. Although the biochemical composition of the biofilm matrix has been extensively studied, the regulation of biofilm formation and the factors contributing to its stability and release are currently still being discovered. This review presents and discusses the composition and some regulation elements of biofilm development and describes its clinical importance. Finally, we summarize the numerous and various recent studies that address attempts to destroy an already-formed biofilm within the clinical context as a potential therapeutic strategy to avoid the removal of infected implant material, a critical event for patient convenience and health care costs.