Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rotational Tillage: A Sustainable Management Technique for Wheat Production in the Semiarid Loess Plateau

Rotational tillage could be an advisable attempt to overcome some of the adverse impacts of mono conservation tillage, and it is necessary to assess the feasibility of adoption of rotational tillage for sustaining productivity in the long run. Data from an 8-year site-specific field study conducted on the Loess Plateau were used to estimate the long-term effect of rotational tillage on soil water dynamic, soil properties and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Three mono-tillage (No tilling (NT), subsoiling (ST) and ploughing (PT)) and three rotational tillage (NT/ST (NT and ST performed alternately), ST/PT, PT/NT) methods were applied after wheat harvest. Results showed the mean grain weight in the three rotational tillage treatments was 4.5% to 16.9% greater than in NT, and water use efficiency (WUE) was 5.0% to 18.8% greater over the 8 years. Rotational tillage could overcome the increased bulk density and nutrition stratification caused by NT and soil degradation due to PT. NT/ST was the best rotational tillage pattern with the highest grain yield and WUE, best soil property and relatively low mechanical cost in the present study. Here, we demonstrate that rotational tillage can improve wheat yield, WUE and soil properties compared with long-term no tilling and recommend using NT/ST as the optimal tillage pattern in similar ecological regions.
Analgesia during Parturition in Domestic Animals: Perspectives and Controversies on Its Use

Simple Summary Although the pain associated with parturition performs the primary physiological function of maintaining frequent, strong myometrial contractions, its biological consequences can affect the health of both mother and fetus. Whilst analgesic therapy may be recommended to avoid pain, the evidence indicates that the mechanisms of some analgesic drugs can interfere with the biological process of labor. Opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to indirectly inhibit myometrial contractions by decreasing oxytocin secretion, while local analgesics decrease the number of contractions, although its intensity increases, improving maternal performance. This article analyzes the physiological role of pain during labor and the use and efficacy of opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and local analgesics in treatments to manage parturition in domestic mammals. Abstract This article analyzes the physiological role of pain during parturition in domestic animals, discusses the controversies surrounding the use of opioids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and local analgesics as treatments during labor, and presents the advantages and disadvantages for mother and offspring. Labor is a potentially stressful and painful event, due to the contractions that promote expulsion of the fetus. During labor, neurotransmitters such as the prostaglandins contribute to the sensitization of oxytocin receptors in the myometrium and the activation of nociceptive fibers, thus supporting the physiological role of pain. Endogenously, the body secretes opioid peptides that modulate harmful stimuli and, at the same time, can inhibit oxytocin’s action in the myometrium. Treating pain during the different stages of parturition is an option that can help prevent such consequences as tachycardia, changes in breathing patterns, and respiratory acidosis, all of which can harm the wellbeing of offspring. However, studies have found that some analgesics can promote myometrial contractility, increase expulsion time, affect fetal circulation, and alter mother–offspring recognition due to hypnotic effects. Other data, however, indicate that reducing the number of uterine contractions with analgesics increases their potency, thus improving maternal performance. Managing pain during labor requires understanding the tocolytic properties of analgesics and their advantages in preventing the consequences of pain.
Enhancement of flux pinning and high critical current density in graphite doped MgB2 superconductor

We report the synthesis and characterization of graphite (C) doped MgB2–xCx (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) samples. The crystal structure and microstructural characterization have been investigated by x-ray diffractometer and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis. The superconducting properties especially Jc and Hc2 have been measured by employing physical property measurement system. We found that the graphite doping affects the lattice parameters as well as the microstructure of MgB2 superconductor. In case of optimally doped (x=0.1) sample, the critical current density at 5 K corresponds to 1.1×106 and 5.3×104 A∕cm2 for 3 and 5 T fields, respectively. The upper critical field has been enhanced nearly two times after doping. The flux pinning behavior has been investigated by flux pinning force density curve and it reveals that the flux pinning behavior has improved significantly by doping. TEM micrographs show the graphite nanoparticles of size ∼5–10 nm which are invariably present in MgB2 grains.
Scintillation time dependence and pulse shape discrimination in liquid argon

Using a single-phase liquid argon detector with a signal yield of 4.85 photoelectrons per keV of electronic-equivalent recoil energy (keVee), we measure the scintillation time dependence of both electronic and nuclear recoils in liquid argon down to 5 keVee. We develop two methods of pulse shape discrimination to distinguish between electronic and nuclear recoils. Using one of these methods, we measure a background- and statistics-limited level of electronic recoil contamination to be 7.6x10{sup -7} between 52 and 110 keV of nuclear recoil energy (keVr) for a nuclear recoil acceptance of 50% with no nuclear recoil-like events above 62 keVr. Finally, we develop a maximum likelihood method of pulse shape discrimination based on the measured scintillation time dependence.
THE STAR FORMATION HISTORY OF THE VERY METAL-POOR BLUE COMPACT DWARF I Zw 18 FROM HST/ACS DATA

We have derived the star formation history (SFH) of the blue compact dwarf galaxy I Zw 18 through comparison of deep HST/ACS data with synthetic color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs). A statistical analysis was implemented for the identification of the best-fit SFH and relative uncertainties. We confirm that I Zw 18 is not a truly young galaxy, having started forming stars earlier than ∼1 Gyr ago, and possibly at epochs as old as a Hubble time. In I Zw 18's main body we infer a lower limit of ≈2 × 106 M☉ for the mass locked up in old stars. I Zw 18's main body has been forming stars very actively during the last ∼10 Myr, with an average star formation rate (SFR) as high as ≈1 M☉ yr−1 (or ≈2 × 10−5 M☉ yr−1 pc−2). On the other hand, the secondary body was much less active at these epochs, in agreement with the absence of significant nebular emission. The high current SFR can explain the very blue colors and the high ionized gas content in I Zw 18, resembling primeval galaxies in the early universe. Detailed chemical evolution models are required to quantitatively check whether the SFH from the synthetic CMDs can explain the low measured element abundances, or if galactic winds with loss of metals are needed.
Calibration of a Bayesian spatio-temporal ETAS model to the June 2000 South Iceland seismic sequence

The reliable forecasting of seismic sequences following a mainshock has practical implications because effective post-event response is crucial in earthquake-stricken regions, aftershocks can progressively cause increased damage, and compound economic losses. In the South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ), one of two large transform zones in Iceland where earthquake hazard is the highest, an intense seismic sequence took place during 17–24 June 2000, starting with a ${M_{\rm{w}}}$6.4 mainshock on 17 June 2000, followed by another ${M_{\rm{w}}}$6.5 mainshock four days later and on a different fault. Both earthquakes caused considerable damage and incurred heavy economic losses. They were immediately followed by intense aftershock activity on the causative faults and triggered earthquakes as far as 80 km away along the transform zone. To investigate the feasibility of forecasting the progression of such complex sequences, we calibrated a spatio-temporal epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) clustering model to the June 2000 seismic sequence in the framework of Bayesian statistics. Short-term seismicity forecasts were carried out for various forecasting intervals and compared with the observations, the first generated a few hours after the first mainshock and followed by daily forecasts. The reliability of the early forecasts was seen to depend on the initial model parameters. By employing an adaptive parameter inference approach where the posteriors from each preceding forecasting interval served as informative priors for the next, the fast convergence of the parametric values was ensured. As a result, the 16–84 percentile range of the forecasted number of events captured the actual number of observed events in all daily forecasts, and the model exhibited a strong spatial forecasting ability, even only a few hours after the mainshock, and over all subsequent daily forecasts. We present the spatio-temporal ETAS parameters for the June 2000 sequence as ideal candidates for future operational earthquake forecasting of other Icelandic aftershock sequences. Past seismic sequences need to be analysed retrospectively to confirm the stability of the parameters of this study, effectively enable the application of the Bayesian ETAS model as an operational earthquake forecasting system for aftershocks in Iceland.
Mass and radius estimation for the neutron star in the X‐ray burster 4U 1820−30

We present a new method for determining masses and radii of neutron stars residing in thermonuclear X-ray burst sources. To illustrate this method, we apply it to a burst from the source 4U 1820−30 recorded by the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. Fits of the observed X-ray spectra to grids of Comptonized model atmospheres yield estimates for the mass and radius of the neutron star, M= 1.3 ± 0.6 M⊙ and R= 11+3− 2 km, respectively.
SURFACE LAYER ACCRETION IN TRANSITIONAL AND CONVENTIONAL DISKS: FROM POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS TO PLANETS

“Transitional” T Tauri disks have optically thin holes with radii ≳10 AU, yet accrete up to the median T Tauri rate. Multiple planets inside the hole can torque the gas to high radial speeds over large distances, reducing the local surface density while maintaining accretion. Thus multi-planet systems, together with reductions in disk opacity due to grain growth, can explain how holes can be simultaneously transparent and accreting. There remains the problem of how outer disk gas diffuses into the hole. Here it has been proposed that the magnetorotational instability (MRI) erodes disk surface layers ionized by stellar X-rays. In contrast to previous work, we find that the extent to which surface layers are MRI-active is limited not by ohmic dissipation but by ambipolar diffusion, the latter measured by Am: the number of times a neutral hydrogen molecule collides with ions in a dynamical time. Simulations by Hawley & Stone showed that Am ∼ 100 is necessary for ions to drive MRI turbulence in neutral gas. We calculate that in X-ray-irradiated surface layers, Am typically varies from ∼10−3 to 1, depending on the abundance of charge-adsorbing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, whose properties we infer from Spitzer observations. We conclude that ionization of H2 by X-rays and cosmic rays can sustain, at most, only weak MRI turbulence in surface layers 1–10 g cm−2 thick, and that accretion rates in such layers are too small compared to observed accretion rates for the majority of disks.
EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING OF LISTED NON-FINANCIAL FIRMS IN NIGERIA: DOES EARNINGS MANAGEMENT DRIVE THIS REPORT

There has been growing demand by significant stakeholders for trustworthy information on the economic, social, environmental, and governance activities of firms. Although, management who are responsible for preparing this sustainability reporting has been faulted for selfinterest acts and opportunities behaviors. Because of this, this study evaluates the effect of earnings management on sustainability reporting of listed nonfinancial firms in Nigeria from 2011 to 2018. The sample of the study comprised of 24 firms and sustainability reporting was measured using content analyses on the corporate annual report on sustainability used Global Reporting Initiatives (G4) guidelines, while the earnings management variable was derived from the Modified Jones Model by Dechow, Sloan & Sweeny (1995) for discretionary accrual. A correlational design was employed; Secondary data was obtained from the annual reports of the firms. The results from the fixed effect regression analysis proved that the extent of earnings management drives the level of sustainability reporting positively. The study concludes that firms that manage their earnings are likely to report more on sustainability
Constraining Running Non-Gaussianity

The primordial non-Gaussian parameter fNL has been shown to be scale-dependent in several models of inflation with a variable speed of sound. Starting from a simple ansatz for a scale-dependent amplitude of the primordial curvature bispectrum for two common phenomenological models of primordial non-Gaussianity, we perform a Fisher matrix analysis of the bispectra of the temperature and polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation and derive the expected constraints on the parameter nNG that quantifies the running of fNL(k) for current and future CMB missions such as WMAP, Planck and CMBPol. We find that CMB information alone, in the event of a significant detection of the non-Gaussian component, corresponding to fNL = 50 for the local model and fNL = 100 for the equilateral model of non-Gaussianity, is able to determine nNG with a 1-sigma uncertainty of Delta nNG = 0.1 and Delta nNG = 0.3, respectively, for the Planck mission. In addition, we consider a Fisher matrix analysis of the galaxy power spectrum to determine the expected constraints on the running parameter nNG for the local model and of the galaxy bispectrum for the equilateral model from future photometric and spectroscopic surveys. We find that, in both cases, large-scale structure observations should achieve results comparable to or even better than those from the CMB, while showing some complementarity due to the different distribution of the non-Gaussian signal over the relevant range of scales. Finally, we compare our findings to the predictions on the amplitude and running of non-Gaussianity of DBI inflation, showing how the constraints on a scale-dependent fNL(k) translate into constraints on the parameter space of the theory.
An Investigation of the Relationship between EFL University Students’ Reading and Listening Comprehension skills and their Autonomy

This research aimed at investigating the relationship between EFL University Students’ reading and listening comprehension skills and their autonomy. In this research, sixty-four )N=64( of EFL second year Nahda University students in Beni-suef were involved. In this research, the data was collected by conducting three instruments, which prepared by the researcher. Firstly, a reading comprehension test was prepared to assess the participants’ reading comprehension skills. Secondly, a listening comprehension test was prepared to assess the participants’ listening comprehension skills. Thirdly, a learner autonomy scale was prepared to identify the learner’s autonomy degree of the research participants. The findings of this research indicated that there is a statistical significant positive relationship between EFL university students’ reading comprehension, listening comprehension skills and their autonomy. The current research suggested modernizing and combining reading comprehension activities with listening comprehension activities. In addition, the current research suggested designing more language learning activities which depend on EFL university students’ perceptual preferences to foster autonomy among them.
Thermodynamics of horizons: de Sitter black holes and reentrant phase transitions

In this paper we propose a straightforward method for understanding the thermodynamics of black holes in de Sitter space, one that will allow us to study these black holes in a way that is analogous to the anti-de Sitter case. As per usual, we formulate separate thermodynamic first laws for each horizon present in the spacetime, and study their thermodynamics as if they were independent systems characterized by their own temperature. That these systems are not entirely independent and various thermodynamic quantities in them are in fact ‘correlated’ is reflected by the fact that their thermodynamics can be captured by a single Gibbs free energy-like thermodynamic potential. This quantity contains information about possible phase transitions in the system and allows us to uncover a rich phase structure for de Sitter black holes. In particular, we discover reentrant phase transitions for Kerr–dS black holes in six dimensions, a phenomenon recently observed for their six dimensional AdS cousins.
The Dynamics of Semilattice Networks

Time-discrete dynamical systems on a finite state space have been used with great success to model natural and engineered systems such as biological networks, social networks, and engineered control systems. They have the advantage of being intuitive and models can be easily simulated on a computer in most cases; however, few analytical tools beyond simulation are available. The motivation for this paper is to develop such tools for the analysis of models in biology. In this paper we have identified a broad class of discrete dynamical systems with a finite phase space for which one can derive strong results about their long-term dynamics in terms of properties of their dependency graphs. We classify completely the limit cycles of semilattice networks with strongly connected dependency graph and provide polynomial upper and lower bounds in the general case.
SUBSTELLAR-MASS CONDENSATIONS IN PRESTELLAR CORES

We present combined Submillimeter Array and single-dish images of the (sub)millimeter dust continuum emission toward two prestellar cores, SM1 and B2-N5, in the nearest star-cluster-forming region, ρ Ophiuchus. Our combined images indicate that SM1 and B2-N5 consist of three and four condensations, respectively, with masses of 10−2–10−1 M☉ and sizes of a few hundred AU. The individual condensations have mean densities of 108–109 cm−3 and the masses are comparable to or larger than the critical Bonner–Ebert mass, indicating that self-gravity plays an important role in the dynamical evolution of the condensations. The coalescence timescale of these condensations is estimated to be about 104 yr, which is comparable to the local gravitational collapse timescale, suggesting that merging of the condensations, instead of accretion, plays an essential role in the star formation process. These results challenge the standard theory of star formation, where a single, rather featureless, prestellar core collapses to form at most a couple of condensations, each of which potentially evolves into a protostar that is surrounded by a rotating disk where planets are created.
Young Patients’ Satisfaction Following the Correction of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in Saudi Arabia: A Cross‐Sectional Study

Introduction: Posterior spinal instrumented fusion remains the mainstay treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with acceptable post-operative patient satisfaction. However, in Saudi Arabia, patient satisfaction after surgical management for AIS has not been thoroughly studied. The purpose of this study was to determine patient satisfaction and quality of life using the Scoliosis Research Society-22r (SRS-22r, the most recent version) questionnaire after surgical correction of AIS in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted that included patients who underwent posterior spinal instrumented fusion for AIS from January 1995 through December 2015. We included 115 patients (both males and females) in our study. We used the Arabic version of the SRS-22r questionnaire that was completed through telephonic interviews. Data collected were then analyzed using SPSS Statistics, version 23. Results: The mean age of our patients at the time of surgery was 15.0 ± 2.6 years and the average time from surgery to interview was 9.4 ± 4.7 years. A positive response was recorded in all domains including pain, function, mental health, and self-image. Furthermore, 76.5% of the patients were satisfied with their management outcome and 81.7% of the patients reported no complications. Conclusion: Surgical correction of AIS improved the quality of life of our patients that was assessed using the Arabic version of the SRS-22r questionnaire. Apart from overall patient satisfaction, positive responses were recorded in all four domains of the SRS-22r questionnaire.
Physico- Chemical Evaluation of By-Products of Some Fruits Resulting From Food Processing

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of benefiting from both pomegranate seed pomace PSP (the remaining part after pomegranate seed juice) and the date press DP (the residual part after extracting the fleshy part of the date), which are unused by-products of the pomegranate and date fruits at cheap prices. It is easy to obtain as it is generated in large quantities from food factories, and by evaluating the aforementioned raw materials physio-chemical. The obtained resulted showed that PSP had the higher content of crude protein (11.31%), ether extract (3.50%), ash (1.82%) and crude fiber (11.66%) compared with the DP,which recorded 9.87, 2.58, 1.69 and 8.58%, respectively. Meanwhile, DP had the higher content of available carbohydrate (77.29%) compared with PSP (71.70%). PSP had the higher content of K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn and Cu (858.66, 248.48, 685.07, 1.54, 2.85 and 2.66 mg/100g, respectively). While, DP had the higher content of Na and Fe (43.23 and 4.61 mg/100g, respectively). Total dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber were higher in DP powder (41.50 and 38.7%, respectively), while soluble dietary fibers were higher for PSP (3.8 %). PSP had the higher content in both of total phenols and antioxidant activity than DP. While, DP had the higher content in total flavonoids than PSP. So, results indicated that PSP and DP by-products can serve as a good source of dietary fibers, minerals and bioactive components. It could be recommended that incorporation of the mentioned raw materials with food product to obtain healthy food products (especially bakery products) have a high biological value.