Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anisakis (Nematoda) in some New Zealand inshore fish

Abstract The prevalence, intensity, abundance, and density of Anisakis larval infection of four species of New Zealand fish and one species of squid were determined. In order of intensity of infection these were: barracouta (Thyristes atun), tarakihi (Nemadactylus macropterus), red cod (Pseudophycis bachus), red gurnard (Chelidonichthys kumu), and arrow squid (Nototodarus solanii). Some data on infections in monkfish (Kathetostoma giganteum) are also presented. There was no evidence of postmortem migration of larvae in red cod, red gurnard, or barracouta. The larvae did excapsulate postmortem and the excapsulation was less in fish kept on ice. The majority of larvae were associated with the visceral organs and membranes (98.5% or more of the total worm burden). However, a proportion of all fish species examined had small numbers of larvae in the fillets and these may pose a risk to human health.
Effect of boundary type and season on predatory arthropods associated with field margins on New Zealand farmland

Pitfall traps were used to monitor predatory arthropod numbers along two types of field boundary, a post and wire fence line and a Cupressus macrocarpa hedge, along the same paddock margin in Canterbury, New Zealand, over 24 months. The seven most abundant predator groups recorded were: Araneae > Phalangiidae > Staphylinidae > Coccinellidae > Chilopoda > Hemerobiidae > Carabidae. Araneae, Phalangiidae, Staphylinidae, Chilopoda and Hemerobiidae were found in larger numbers at the wire fence than at the hedge site, whereas the numbers of Carabidae and Coccinellidae adults exhibited no field margin preference. However, more species of Araneae and Staphylinidae were caught at the hedge site, whereas species richness of carabid beetles was greatest at the wire fence. Principal component analysis clearly separated the samples collected from the two habitats based on the assemblages of Araneae, Staphylinidae and Carabidae, and certain species in each of these taxonomic groups appeared to be particularly associated with one boundary type or the other. All the main taxonomic groups exhibited clear seasonal patterns, with distinct peaks in abundance occurring at certain times of the year. The results of the study reinforce the idea that management of field boundaries can be used to manipulate the type and abundance of particular groups of predatory arthropods, and that seasonal patterns should be taken into account in schemes of integrated pest management so that any adverse effects of biocide application on these beneficial species may be minimised.
The future trends for research on quality and safety of animal products

Abstract Quality must now be considered as a convergence between consumers' wishes and needs and the intrinsic and extrinsic quality attributes of food products. The increasing number of quality attributes which must be considered, increasing globalisation and the heterogeneity in consumption habits between countries are making this convergence progressively more difficult. In parallel, science is rapidly evolving (with the advent of genomics for instance), and a growing number of applications is thus expected for the improvement of food safety and quality. Among the meat and fish quality attributes, colour is very important because it determines, at least in part, consumer choice. The key targets to ensure a satisfactory colour are animal nutrition and management for fish, processing and product conditioning for meat. Tenderness and flavour continue to be important issues for the consumer because eating remains a pleasure. They both determine quality experience which itself influences repetitive purchase. Meat tenderness is a very complex problem which can be solved only by a holistic approach involving all the factors from conception, animal breeding and production, muscle biology and slaughter practice to carcass processing and meat preparation at the consumer end. Today, safety and healthiness are among the most important issues. Unfortunately, animal products can potentially be a source of biological and chemical contamination for consumers. The introduction of both control strategies along the food chain and the development of a food safety management system, from primary production to the domestic environment, are key issues that must be achieved. Despite a high dietary supply of saturated fats by dairy and meat products, it is imperative that professionals involved in animal research and in the associated industry convey the positive nutritional contributions of animal products to both consumers and health professionals. The latter include protein of high biological value, iron, zinc, healthy fatty acids including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid. Fish products are well known for their high content in PUFA. Meanwhile, new strategies in terms of antioxidant supply are required to limit PUFA and cholesterol oxidation, which has many detrimental effects including contributing to reduced sensory attributes. Traceability is another quality attribute used to implement food safety and quality. Traceability of an animal’s breed and identity, of geographical origin and of diet fed are increasingly important issues demanded by consumers. Safety and quality are thus important issues with increasing complexity, research has to adapt itself to meet this challenge.
Effect of Tuber Size and Intra-row Spacing on Yield and Quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

A study was conducted to determine the effect of tuber size and intra row spacing on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield and subsequent growth in the 2017 production season. The experiment was laid out in a 3x4 combination arranged in a split-plot design with three replications (three levels of tuber size: 20-30 mm, 30-40 mm and 40-50 mm and four levels of intra row spacing's: 8, 12, 16 and 20 cm). For the optimum emergence and successful growth of potato tubers for processable yield, a size of 40-50 mm and spacing of 20 cm between plants, respectively were identified as the best treatments to be used in the study area.
Foraging Patterns and Resource Utilization in Seven Species of Bats in a Seasonal Tropical Forest

Many tropical bats eat fruit, nectar, and pollen, and many tropical plants are pollinated or dispersed by bats. These groups make up a coevolved system that illustrates the effects plants can have on animal populations, and conversely, the effects animals can have on plant populations. This paper reports a 2—yr intensivie study of one bat—plant community in a seasonal Costa Rican forest. Seven common phyllostomatid bat species visited flowers or fruits. These were Glossophaga soricina, Phyllostomus discolor, Artibeus jamaicensis, Artibeus lituratus, Sturnira lilium, and Carollia perspecillata. The incidence of nectar ivory was high among these species, even among the species previously considered to be frugivores. Flora resources were seasonally abundant and competition for these resources appeared minimal during the period of peak abundance, but only G. ssoricina was nectarivorous during the period of low flower abundance. Fruit resources were more evenly available through the year and were more finely divided among the species of bats. There was a correlation between size of bat and the average size of fruits eaten. To the extent that competition for food has influenced the structure of this bat community, competition for fruits was more important than competition for nectar and pollen in determining species diversity. Resource distributions through space and time also infuenced bat foraging and reproductive behaviors. Small species of bats feed on resources of high abundance, whereas large species utilize resources that are patchy in time and space. The latter species probably forage in groups to maximize foraging efficiency. Reproductive behavior is seasonal and correlated with resource abundance. The flowering periods of plant species tend to be displaced, suggesting competition among plants for bat—pollinator services. A combination of the timing of plant—reproductive behavior and bat foraging characteristics promotes long—distance outcrossing and seed dispersal. These are critical factors in determining the low—density propulations characteristic of many tropical plant species.
Predator-induced life history shifts in Daphnia : a synthesis of studies using meta-analysis

Daphnia respond to kairomones from a variety of predators by altering their morphology, behavior, and life history. I use the statistical technique of meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the results of 27 independent studies that examine various life history responses of Daphnia to kairomones released from three common predators: Chaoborus, Notonecta, and planktivorous fish. Daphnia exhibit a fundamentally different set of life history responses to Chaoborus (delayed reproduction, decreased size of first clutch, slight tendency toward increased size at maturity) than they do to Notonecta and fish (earlier reproduction, increased clutch size, smaller size at maturity). These opposite responses appear to be related to different patterns of prey selection exhibited by the predators. Food level does not affect the life history responses of Daphnia to Chaoborus kairomones; however, the length of exposure to these kairomones does influence the degree of delay in reproduction. In addition, changes in size a.
The Ability of Students' in Using Length Measuring Instruments at State High School

The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of students to use length measuring instruments at the State High School 7 Banda Aceh. This type of research was descriptive with a qualitative approach. The population in this study were all students of class X in State High School 7 Banda Aceh. The sampling technique in this study uses random sampling. The samples taken in this study were students from class X which totaled 5 classes, each class was taken 5 students who were randomly selected as samples. Data collection techniques by providing multiple choice tests of 10 questions and skills tests. Data collection techniques used were knowledge tests in the form of objective tests in the form of multiple choice and skills tests. The technique in data processing uses percentages to get the results of this study. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the ability of students' knowledge to use length measuring instruments by 60% and to use the calipers by 55%. While knowledge on screw micrometers by 72% and skills using screw micrometers by 63%. So it can be concluded that the grade X students of State High School 7 Banda Aceh had pretty good knowledge and skills in using calipers, while the knowledge and skills of students on the micrometer screw was good. Keywords: basic length measuring, physics education, instruments
Characteristics of Respiration and Ethylene Production in Fruits Transferred from Low Pressure Storage to Ambient Atmosphere

Oxygen is an essential factor for the synthesis of ethylene in harvested fruit, and an almost immediate cessation of ethylene production by fruit occurs under anaerobic conditions such as 100% nitrogen. Fruits which have been prevented from producing ethylene anaerobically are able to produce ethylene when transferred to air at a rate higher than that by control fruit in air and without a lag period. In this paper, we studied whether or not fruits transferred from an environment at a low pressure or low partial pressure of oxygen to an environment at a normal pressure show ethylene production in the same manner as mentioned above. In Japanese pear and tomato fruits which are classified as climacteric in respiration during ripening, pear fruits were stored at a pressure of 190 and 285 Torr for 36 days then transferred to the ambient atmosphere after 8, 15, 22 or 36 days while tomato fruits were stored for 40 days at the same pressures then transferred to the ambient atmosphere after 40 days. The ethylene production rates of the fruits transferred from low pressure storage were measured by determining ethylene accumulation from 0 to 3 hours, 3 to 6 hours, 6 to 12 hours and 12 to 24 hours after transfer. These fruits showed higher rates than fruits which had been stored at normal pressure. However, the respiration rates of fruits transferred from low pressure storage to an ambient atmosphere were lower than those of fruits stored at normal pressure. In orange fruits whose respiration is non-climacteric, the ethylene production and respiration rates of fruits after transfer were lower than that of fruits stored at normal pressure. However, when they were stored at a high relative humidity, as high as 98% with a pressure of 190 Torr, a considerable degree of deterioration and decay occured after transfer. The ethylene and carbon dioxide production was also higher than that in fruits stored at a pressure of 190 Torr with a relative humidity of 75% or at a pressure of 760 Torr with a relative humidity of 86%.
Growth, reproduction and population structure of Diplotaxodon limnothrissa in the southeast arm of Lake Malawi

Diplotaxodon limnothrissa is a widely distributed species occurring throughout Lake Malawi from the surface to a depth of at least 220m. It is probably the most abundant cichlid in the lake, with biomass estimates of around 87 000t in the pelagic zone alone. The species is exploited commercially in the southern part of the lake but, since its inception, this fishery has never been assessed. Analysis of sectioned sagittal otoliths revealed that D. limnothrissa is a slow-growing and relatively long-lived species, attaining ages in excess of 10 years. Length-at-age was described using the von Bertalanffy growth model, with combined-sex growth described as Lt = 211.21(1 − exp(−0.24(t + 1.36)))mm TL. Females matured at 139mm TL at an estimated age of 3.18 years. Total, natural and fishing mortalities were estimated at 0.63yr−1, 0.38yr−1 and 0.25yr−1 respectively.
Quality and hydrogeochemistry appraisal for groundwater in Tenth of Ramadan Area, Egypt

ABSTRACT Groundwater at Tenth of Ramadan area, Egypt, is the main source of water supply and it is ranked as high pollution risk area due to the high infiltration rate of the existing unlined oxidation ponds and the wastewater based-irrigation in the reclaimed desert. This investigation aims to evaluate groundwater quality and the spatial distribution of their ions, determine the chemical species (forms) of contaminated ions, and examine the process of water-rock interactions represented by the hydrogeochemical processes (ion exchange, dissolution, and precipitation) at Tenth of Ramadan area, Egypt. Eighteen water quality parameters were determined in triplicate samples collected from twelve wells in July 2017. Visual MINTEQ model was applied for geochemical speciation of cations, anions, trace and heavy elements in groundwater samples. The hydrogeochemical indices were used for investigating the quantity of changes in the chemical composition of groundwater. Outcomes revealed that the trend of spatial pollution for eleven water quality parameters is Site 3> Site 1> Site 2. The geochemical speciation indicated that Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl−, SO4 2-, NO3 −, F−, HCO3 −, and Fe2+ are distributed as free ions. Hydroxides of Al3+, Fe3+ and carbonate of Pb2+ are predominant. The free ions of cadmium are accessible within the absence of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The results suggest that evaporation, dissolution, and precipitation play an essential control on the groundwater composition within the aquifer. The reverse ion exchange process is more effective than the ion exchange process in controlling the water composition for 58% of samples. Hence, groundwater requires more advanced treatment.
The effect of childhood unpredictability on co-parenting relationships during the transition to parenthood: A life history approach

Recent extensions to life history theory posit that exposure to environmental unpredictability during childhood should forecast negative parental behaviors in adulthood. In the current research, this logic was extended to co-parental behaviors, which refer to how parents coordinate, share responsibility, and support each other’s parental efforts. The effects of early-life unpredictability on individual and dyadic co-parental functioning were examined in a sample of 109 families (two parents and their firstborn child) who were followed longitudinally from before the child’s birth until the age of two. Greater early-life unpredictability (family changes, residential changes, and parents’ occupational changes by age 8) experienced by mothers, but not fathers, predicted more negative co-parental behaviors in triadic observations 6 months post birth, and lower couple-reported co-parenting quality assessed 3, 9, 18, and 24 months post birth. These effects were not explained by parents’ childhood socioeconomic status or current relationship quality. These findings highlight the role of mothers in shaping co-parenting relationships and how these relationships might be influenced by mothers’ early-life experiences.
Predation on Age-0 Paddlefish by Walleye and Sauger in a Great Plains Reservoir

Abstract From July to October 1994 and 1995, the food habits of walleye Stizostedion vitreum, sauger S. canadense, northern pike Esox lucius, and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were studied in Lake Sakakawea, a Missouri River main-stem reservoir in North Dakota. In 1994, no paddlefish Polyodon spathula were found in stomachs of these predators. In 1995, 3% of the walleyes, 12% of the saugers, and 1% of the channel catfish with identifiable prey ate wild age-0 paddlefish. Walleyes ate paddlefish from August to October, with the highest proportions in September, whereas saugers ate paddlefish from July to October in equal proportions. Walleye and sauger stomachs contained wild age-0 paddlefish as large as 167 mm body length (BL; 305 mm total length, TL), and one channel catfish stomach contained a 142-mm-BL (269-mm-TL) paddlefish. Predators were also sampled after 8,000 hatchery-reared, age-0 paddlefish (mean BL = 189 mm) were released in White Earth Bay, Lake Sakakawea. Hatchery-reared paddlefish were.
Do we need to see to believe?—radiomics for lung nodule classification and lung cancer risk stratification

Despite multiple recent advances, the diagnosis and management of lung cancer remain challenging and it continues to be the deadliest malignancy. In 2011, the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) reported 20% reduction in lung cancer related mortality using annual low dose chest computed tomography (CT). These results led to the approval and nationwide establishment of lung cancer CT-based lung cancer screening programs. These findings have been further validated by the recently published Nederlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings Onderzoek (NELSON) and Multicentric Italian Lung Detection (MILD) trials, the latter showing benefit of screening even beyond the 5 years. However, the implementation of lung cancer screening has been impeded by several challenges, including the differentiation between benign and malignant nodules, the large number of false positive studies and the detection of indolent, potentially clinically insignificant lung cancers (overdiagnosis). Hence, the development of non-invasive strategies to accurately classify and risk stratify screen-detected pulmonary nodules in order to individualize clinical management remains a high priority area of research. Radiomics is a recently coined term which refers to the process of imaging feature extraction and quantitative analysis of clinical diagnostic images to characterize the nodule phenotype beyond what is possible with conventional radiologist assessment. Even though it is still in early phase, several studies have already demonstrated that radiomics approaches are potentially useful for lung nodule classification, risk stratification, individualized management and prediction of overall prognosis. The goal of this review is to summarize the current literature regarding the radiomics of screen-detected lung nodules, highlight potential challenges and discuss its clinical application along with future goals and challenges.
Previous hip surgery due to developmental dysplasia of the hip affects major complication rates but not revision rates in total hip arthroplasty

Aim: Total hip arthroplasty in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip is challenging due to accompanying acetabular and femoral deformities, soft-tissue contractures and shortening of the affected limb. In addition, changed anatomy after pelvic and/ or femoral osteotomies can also make the total hip arthroplasty procedure challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of previous hip surgery on clinical and radiological outcomes after total hip arthroplasty in previously operated patients due to developmental dysplasia of the hip. Material and Methods: A total of 55 developmental dysplasia of the hip patients, twenty-five patients (29 hips) with a previous hip surgery (Group 1) and 30 patients (31 hips) without previous hip surgery (Group 2) were included. The primary outcome measures were major complication and revision rates. The secondary outcome measure was the Harris Hip Score. Results: Major complications were found significantly higher in group I (p = 0.009). However, no significant difference was observed between groups regarding revision rates (p = 0.514). No significant difference was observed between groups in the preoperative and the last follow-up Harris Hip scores. Conclusion: Although similar revision rates, patients with a previous hip surgery due to developmental dysplasia of the hip who underwent total hip arthroplasty are more prone to major complications than patients without previous hip surgery patients. Level of Evidence IV
Myocardial Infarction: Perspectives on Cardiac Regeneration and Cardiac Remote Conditioning Interventions to Limit Cellular Injury

Acute myocardial infarction initiates a cascade of events including loss of protein homeostasis and chronic inflammation that affect overall cellular repair and senescence. This contributes to loss of cardiomyocytes and consequent formation of fibrotic scar. In certain vertebrate species, the heart can completely self-repair or regenerate after myocardial injury; however, this does not appear to be the case for humans. Despite this limitation, studies using novel non-pharmacologic interventions designed to protect against ischemic damage and to improve patient outcomes are ongoing. Remote ischemic conditioning stratagems are used to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury in clinical and animal studies; endogenous protective factors that stimulate complex signal transduction pathways are deemed responsible. Some of these factors could conceivably act in concert with those involved in regulating cardiovascular regeneration. Numerous studies have focused on cardiac regenerative interventions using stem-cell based therapies and transplantation of cardiomyocyte (or other cell types) or biocompatible matrices. This review discusses recent progress of pre-clinical and clinical translational studies for cardiac regeneration. In addition, we submit that interventions using cellular adjunctive therapies combined with remote ischemic conditioning may prove to be of interest in the battle to find novel strategies for protection against cardiac injury.