Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Production Cost of Extended Restructured Mutton Chops Developed by Incorporating Pre-Optimized Level of Different Bind Enhancing Agents

Along with nutritive value and sensory acceptability of meat product, economics is also very important criteria that determine the marketability of any product. The characteristics of mutton such as high nutritive value and its gradual increasing demand in other countries provide a wide scope for its use in meat products processing. But in order for the meat sheep producer to survive, new avenues for marketing mutton must be created and it can be best accomplished by the production of value added products with appeal to Indian consumers. Therefore, the present study was envisaged to determine the production cost of extended restructured mutton chops by incorporating pre-optimized level of different bind enhancing agents i.e tamarind seed powder (1%), flaxseed flour (1%), gum tragacanth (0.1%) and gum acacia (0.5%) and compared with control and it was found that the cost of 1 kg product was worked out to be Rs. 244, 237, 240, 245 and 245 for control and treatments including TSP, FF, GT and GA respectively. The studies indicated that out of four bind enhancing agents, two of them i.e TSP and FF resulted in reduction in cost of ERMC by Rs.6 and Rs.3per kg, respectively as compared to control. Hence, it could be inferred that restructured mutton chops could be prepared with 10% extension and the quality can also be improved with 1% TSP incorporation to make it a profitable enterprise.
Chronobiology of Rate Pressure Product in Young Adults

Cardiac events are known to precipitate at specific hours of the day implying that a circadian rhythm of myocardial oxygen demand may exist. Rate - pressure product (RPP) is regarded as a surrogate measure of myocardial oxygen demand and can be obtained without any invasive procedure. Hence the project was designed to study the circadian rhythmic pattern of RPP in healthy individuals and its gender variability in Indian population. Blood pressure was monitored at 2 hourly intervals for 24 hours in 55 male and 70 female healthy subjects between 18 to 25 years of age without any acute or chronic illness. Independent sample't' test were performed for descriptive analysis. Repeated measures post hoc Tukey ANOVA test was performed for comparison of RPP within the groups. RPP values were seen to be minimum at 2 am in males (5332 ± 924) and at 4 am in females (6567 ± 1092) and maximum at 2 pm in males (8206 ± 1296) and at 8 pm in females (9928 ± 1709). At all the observed time intervals RPP values were higher in females. There exist a definite pattern of circadian rhythm in RPP with peak values attained during daytime and least values during early morning hours. Also the rhythm and amplitude of RPP is different in both genders.
An exploration of psychopathy amongst juvenile sex offenders

Despite the growing body of knowledge regarding psychopathy among adolescent sex offenders, additional research is still necessary. In this study I examine four measures of juvenile psychopathy (Childhood Psychopathy Scale, Antisocial Process Screening Device, Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory, and Inventory of Callous and Unemotional Traits) in a sample of 191 incarcerated adolescent sex offenders located in juvenile detention facilities in a Midwestern state. I examine how the diverse scales relate to characteristics of sexual aggression and non-sexual criminality, and which scale specifically has the best predictive validity for sexual as well as non-sexual crime. Of the four instruments and nine scales only the APSD Narcissism and Impulsivity scale was significantly correlated to a characteristic of sexual crime, and no scale was found to predict sexual crime at a significant level. Findings did however show that several scales were correlated to the total delinquency score as measured by the Self Reported Delinquency Measure. In a series of multiple regressions, the MACI Factor 2 and ICU total scale were found to have the best fit for prediction of total non-sexual delinquency. The results continue to support the comorbidity between psychopathy and criminal behavior, and demonstrate that rather than fueling sexual crime characteristics, psychopathy instead may fuel non-sexual delinquency in juvenile sex offenders. Additionally, the current results demonstrate the importance of focus on both non-sexual and sexual offenses within treatment, in order to provide the soundest therapeutic interventions and preventions of recidivism.
Post-Keynesian Theories of the Firm under Financialization

Financialization is studied here from a microeconomic viewpoint. Following Stockhammer (2004a), the theory of the firm has been amended by introducing agency problems and class analysis between shareholders and managers. Further to that, I propose two alternative configurations for incorporation into the theory: the first views financialization as a constraint for the managerial firm, while the second discusses shareholders’ interests and integrates them as an end in itself for the finance-dominated firm. My conclusions focus on finance-oppressed accumulation, financial fragility, and potential macroeconomic instability. JEL classification: D21, E12, G30
Putting guanxi back into the study of multinational Chinese family business

- Research conducted into the areas of guanxi and family business has lasted for decades. Nevertheless, little research has been carried out to combine the two areas. Since the behaviour of family firms has been labelled as more emotional when compared to nonfamily businesses, it is assumable that guanxi , which is also closely associated with human emotions, should be dealt with differently in the context of family businesses. By adopting a case study method, this study investigates guanxi in four large, Taiwanese-owned, multinational Chinese family businesses in order to elucidate whether or not quanxi has altered over time in the Chinese family business setting as formal institutions have become more developed. Our findings reveal that, in general, very few changes have indeed occurred to guanxi in the family firms we studied as formal institutions have become more developed.
Research history, taphonomy, and age structure of a mass accumulation of the ornithopod dinosaur Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki from the Upper Jurassic of Tanzania

The region around Tendaguru Hill in southeastern Tanzania has provided a rich, Late Jurassic dinosaur fauna. Among them, thousands of bones of the basal iguanodontian ornithopod Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki have been excavated in the Ig/WJ-quarry northwest of the Tendaguru Hill. The incomplete record of the taphonomic information from the excavation is the main reason for the still inconclusive interpretation of the assemblage as either catastrophic or attritional in origin. In this study, all available historical notes, sketches and field catalogues were analysed and combined with data from CT scans, new taphonomic observations and from bone histological as well as demographic analyses. According to these combined results, the mass accumulation of remains of D. lettowvorbecki consists of four closely associated bonebeds in at least three different stratigraphic levels. The bonebeds are classified as mixed, multitaxic, and monodominant. There is no evidence of abrasion and preburial weathering on the bones suggesting minimal transport distances and duration as well as short preburial exposure times. Although the size/age distributions are bimodally U-shaped, the bonebeds are interpreted as catastrophic in origin due to the restricted spatial extent and the overall uniform preservation of the bones. It is proposed that different herds of D. lettowvorbecki crossed a tidal channel several times during seasonal migration and that each time several to dozens of individuals died. The bodies decomposed and were buried at a barrier or a bend nearby. The demographic conditions as well as the modes of death and burial of D. lettowvorbecki are very similar to the observations made from the modern blue wildebeest in the Masai-Mara Reserve in Kenya. Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki , history, demography, taphonomy, Jurassic, Tendaguru, Africa.
Relationship between Hierarchy of Values and Self-esteem among Iranian Students

The aim of the present study is to determine the relationship between hierarchy of values and self esteem among Iranian students. The respondents were comprised of 487 university students (250 female and 238 males) who were selected by the cluster-random sampling method. The Schwartz values survey and Rosenberg questionnaire were used for data collection. The results of the present study indicated that there is a positive relationship between achievement values, self-direction, stimulation, and self-esteem. While, there was negative relationship among tradition values, conformity, security, universalism, benevolence, hedonism, power and self-esteem. (Fatemeh Poor Shahsavari. Relationship between Hierarchy of Values and Self-esteem among Iranian Students . J Am Sci 2012;8(12):753-758). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 105
Analysis and Optimization of Urban Public Transport Lines Based on Multiobjective Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization

Urban public transport is a very complex system, and with the development of urbanization, there are many new urban traffic characteristics. Making bus routes and scheduling strategies more efficient, scientific and accurate has a positive impact on the actual operation of public transport. To solve the urban public transport line design problem, this paper describes the implicit law of the characteristics of public transport travel from a deep perspective and analyzes the forms, influencing factors and existing problems of bus dispatching. By establishing a multiobjective public transport dispatching optimization model, starting from bus companies, passengers and government departments, public transportation operating costs comprehensively consider the interests of various parties and finally realize the optimization objective of minimizing fixed costs, fuel costs, carbon emission costs and time window penalty costs. The objective function is set reasonably, and the generation and optimization method of the initial line set in the public transport line design problem is improved; suitable constraint conditions and evaluation indicators are considered. This paper attempts to control the overall length of the bus line on the premise of fully meeting the travel needs of passengers. By solving the multiobjective problem on the same network and comparing different multiobjective optimization algorithms, the effectiveness of the method is evaluated. Additionally, an improved multiobjective adaptive particle swarm optimization (MOAPSO) is proposed, which has the characteristics of faster convergence, higher efficiency and low computational complexity. The simulation experimental results show that the proposed algorithm in this paper can obtain a better Pareto optimal solution set and can effectively solve the multiobjective model. The departure interval conforms to the passenger flow distribution, which can effectively reduce costs and improve the travel service quality of passengers on a large-scale network.
Why so serious? - Comparing two traffic conflict techniques for assessing encounters in shared space

In Germany, approximately 2.7 million crashes occurred in 2019. Especially vulnerable road users (VRU) have a high risk of being seriously injured or killed in traffic. Within the safe system approach, changes to the traffic infrastructure have been implemented to increase VRU safety. The creation of so-called shared spaces, in which all road users are encouraged to negotiate priority, is part of these efforts. Even though the concept has been known and applied for more than 40 years, comparatively little is known about interactions between different road users and methods to quantify interactions in shared spaces. The aim of this study is to investigate similarities and differences in quantifying the level of severity of encounters between pedestrians and motorised vehicles applying the Swedish traffic conflicts technique (STCT) and the pedestrian-vehicle conflicts analysis (PVCA). The STCT integrates the factors conflicting speed (CS) and time-to-accident (TA) to arrive at a severity level. In contrast, with four factors, the PVCA integrates more elements: time-to-collision (TTC, corresponding to TA), severity of evasive action, complexity of evasive action, and distance-to-collision (DTC). Trajectory and video data of a shared space were recorded using the Application Platform for Intelligent Mobile Units (AIM) in Ulm, Germany. 1364 interactions were randomly selected. Due to different exclusion criteria, such as interaction partners not being a car or pedestrian, missing values, and detection errors, 69 encounters were available for analyses. Using the PVCA, nine encounters were classified as critical and 60 as non-critical interactions. In contrast, computing the values based on the STCT, only three of the 69 encounters were categorised as critical. The results of a Spearman rank correlation did not show a significant correlation between the severity categories of the PVCA and severity levels of the STCT (r = 0.03, p = 0.78). An additional analysis of the encounters ranked as critical by the PVCA but as non-critical by the STCT showed that all six encounters had a large temporal distance (> 2 s) combined with very small spatial distance (< 5 m for vehicles and < 2.5 m for pedestrians). While the PVCA and STCT yielded similar results in most encounters, this could not be confirmed for all. Results indicate that spatial distance may contribute to the severity of encounters between pedestrians and vehicles in a shared space.
Intuitive Rules in Mathematics and Science : The Case of “ More of AMore of B ”

In the last 20 years, many researchers in mathematics and science education have studied students' mathematical and scientific conceptions and reasoning. Most of this research is content-specific. It was found that students hold alternative ideas that are often not in line with accepted scientific frameworks. In our joint work in both mathematics and science education, it became apparent that many of these alternative conceptions are based on the same intuitive rules. We have so far identified two such rules: "The more of A the more of B", and, "Everything can be divided by two". The first rule is reflected in students' responses to many tasks, including all classical, Piagetian conservation tasks (conservation of number, area, weight, volume, matter, etc.), in all tasks related to intensive quantities (density, temperature, concentration, etc.), and in tasks related to infinite quantities. The second rule is observed in students' responses to tasks related to successive division of material and geometrical objects and in successive dilution tasks. In this paper we shall describe and discuss the first rule and its relevance to science and mathematics education.
Features of the philosophy of civil law in the tradition of «common law» countries

category “philosophy of civil law in common law countries”. To achieve the goal of the study, the complex used general scientific methods of scientific cognition, including the dialectical method, as well as the method of system analysis, the comparative legal method, and a number of others. In the course of the study, the following results were achieved and the following conclusions were made: in contrast to Russia, in common law countries, civil law is logically endowed with the following features: (1) individuals not only interact, but oppose each other, which (2) requires protection, which (3) is carried out by the judicial authorities, not so much enforcing the common interests, but protecting the private interests of the participants through individually adopted measures, from the sum of which civil law institutions grow.
Climate Change Impact on Flood Frequency and Source Area in Northern Iran under CMIP 5 Scenarios

This study assessed the impact of climate change on flood frequency and flood source area at basin scale considering Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 General Circulation Models (CMIP5 GCMs) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios (2.6 and 8.5). For this purpose, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model was calibrated and validated for the Talar River Basin in northern Iran. Four empirical approaches including the Sangal, Fill–Steiner, Fuller, and Slope-based methods were used to estimate the Instantaneous Peak Flow (IPF) on a daily basis. The calibrated SWAT model was run under the two RCP scenarios using a combination of twenty GCMs from CMIP5 for the near future (2020–2040). To assess the impact of climate change on flood frequency pattern and to quantify the contribution of each subbasin on the total discharge from the Talar River Basin, Flood Frequency Index (FFI) and Subbasin Flood Source Area Index (SFSAI) were used. Results revealed that the projected climate change will likely lead to an average discharge decrease in January, February, and March for both RCPs and an increase in September and October for RCP 8.5. The maximum and minimum temperature will likely increase for all months in the near future. The annual precipitation could increase by more than 20% in the near future. This is likely to lead to an increase of IPF. The results can help managers and policy makers to better define mitigation and adaptation strategies for basins in similar climates.
Large-Eddy Simulation of the Stratocumulus-Capped Boundary Layer with Explicit Filtering and Reconstruction Turbulence Modeling

AbstractLarge-eddy simulation (LES) has been an essential tool in the development of theory and parameterizations for clouds, but when applied to stratocumulus clouds under sharp temperature inversions, many LES models produce an unrealistically thin cloud layer and a decoupled boundary layer structure. Here, explicit filtering and reconstruction are used for simulation of stratocumulus clouds observed during the first research flight (RF01) of the Second Dynamics and Chemistry of the Marine Stratocumulus field study (DYCOMS II). The dynamic reconstruction model (DRM) is used within an explicit filtering and reconstruction framework, partitioning subfilter-scale motions into resolvable subfilter scales (RSFSs) and unresolvable subgrid scales (SGSs). The former are reconstructed, and the latter are modeled. Differing from traditional turbulence models, the reconstructed RSFS stress/fluxes can produce backscatter of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) and, importantly, turbulence potential energy (TPE). The mod.
Feeling Authentic on Social Media: Subjective Authenticity Across Instagram Stories and Posts

Self-presentation on social network sites (SNS) such as Instagram is often assumed to be inauthentic or even fake. While authenticity on SNS has been linked to increased well-being, most research has investigated it either monolithically (e.g., via screen time measures) or with regard to stable self-presentations (e.g., in Facebook profiles). In contrast, this study compares subjective authenticity perceptions within users and between self-presentations via two SNS features—Stories vs Posts. Drawing on the affordances approach, we theorize and test whether and how Stories produce greater state authenticity than Posts. Results from a preregistered within-subjects study comparing self-reports on N = 489 Posts and N = 546 Stories from N = 202 Instagram users show that by allowing more spontaneous self-presentation, Stories indeed produced (slightly) higher authenticity perceptions than Posts. However, subjective authenticity was high in both features, indicating that they similarly offer a space for authentic online self-presentation.
ACM RecSys CrowdRec 2015 Workshop Crowdsourcing and Human Computation for Recommender Systems

The CrowdRec 2015 workshop is the third in a series of international workshops that is dedicated to promoting the effective and responsible integration of human intelligence into recommender systems. The success of today’s recommender systems can be attributed to their ability to exploit human input in the form of user-expressed preferences and the implicit information inherent in user-item interactions. Recommender systems that leverage “The Crowd” go beyond conventional approaches in that they actively elicit input, requesting specific information that will improve recommendations, and motivating users to contribute. “The Crowd” takes on a variety of forms: Crowdworkers carrying out microtasks on large-scale commercial crowdsourcing platforms, professional annotators hired by content providers to annotate or curate content, or also members of the community of users whom the recommender system is designed to serve. The program of the CrowdRec 2015 workshop represents the wide variety of ways in which crowdourcing and human intelligence can contribute to recommendation. We would like to thank the authors who submitted to the workshop, as well as our reviewers and panelists. Without their contributions, the CrowdRec workshop would not be possible. We would also like to express our appreciation for the support of the CrowdRec Workshop Steering Board, Kuan-Ta Chen (Academia Sinica, Taiwan) and Irwin King (The Chinese University of Hong Kong), who founded the CrowdRec Workshop series in 2013. Finally, we would like to express our thanks to the European Union for their funding of the CrowdRec project, which coincidentally bears the same name as the workshop series. This project supports, in part, the work of the members of the organizing committee. We hope that you find the proceedings of CrowdRec 2015 informative, thought provoking, and a source of promising ideas with great future potential. CrowdRec
Edge- and vertex-reinforced random walks with super-linear reinforcement on infinite graphs

In this paper we introduce a new simple but powerful general technique for the study of edge- and vertex-reinforced processes with super-linear reinforcement, based on the use of order statistics for the number of edge, respectively of vertex, traversals. The technique relies on upper bound estimates for the number of edge traversals, proved in a different context by Cotar and Limic [Ann. Appl. Probab. (2009)] for finite graphs with edge reinforcement. We apply our new method both to edge- and to vertex-reinforced random walks with super-linear reinforcement on arbitrary infinite connected graphs of bounded degree. We stress that, unlike all previous results for processes with super-linear reinforcement, we make no other assumption on the graphs. For edge-reinforced random walks, we complete the results of Limic and Tarres [Ann. Probab. (2007)] and we settle a conjecture of Sellke [Technical Report 94-26, Purdue University (1994)] by showing that for any reciprocally summable reinforcement weight function w, the walk traverses a random attracting edge at all large times. For vertex-reinforced random walks, we extend results previously obtained on Z by Volkov [Ann. Probab. (2001)] and by Basdevant, Schapira and Singh [Ann. Probab. (2014)], and on complete graphs by Benaim, Raimond and Schapira [ALEA (2013)]. We show that on any infinite connected graph of bounded degree, with reinforcement weight function w taken from a general class of reciprocally summable reinforcement weight functions, the walk traverses two random neighbouring attracting vertices at all large times.