Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Practical Driver Cognitive Workload Monitoring via Electroencephalography

Towards Practical Driver Cognitive Workload Monitoring via Electroencephalography Vipin Bakshi Master of Applied Science The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 2018 Monitoring of Driver Cognitive Workload is an active area of research and has gained traction in recent years. This study pertains towards the development of an Automated Driver Cognitive Workload Prediction System using the Electroencephalography modality. In this experiment, the driver cognitive workload has been modelled using a secondary n-back task. This study aims to answer the question if a consumer-grade 2-channel EEG modality can be used to discriminate between the granular cognitive workloads induced on the driver as it is measured by the n-back test. Statistical Learning Models are generated while taking into account the practical data-partitioning schemes as would be feasible in real world implementation. It is found that individual Beta and Gamma bands provide good discriminating performance while using a combined set of 32-features provides the best overall performance. Non-Linear Classifiers outperform the linear classifiers and dimensionality reduction techniques assist in producing practical prediction models.
Antiproliferative Activity and Antioxidant Potential of Extracts of Garcinia gardneriana

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity, the antioxidant potential, and the chemical profile obtained from the whole fruit and from leaves of Garcinia gardneriana, a fruit tree from Brazilian Cerrado. To determine in vitro antiproliferative activity, the following neoplastic cell lines were considered, along with an immortalized nontumor cell line. The antioxidant potential was determined, and the evaluation of antiradical air activity was performed. The levels of vitamin C and carotenoids were determined. The chemical profile was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and a mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization interface. The chloroform fraction of the leaf showed antioxidant activity. The vitamin C content had lower values in fruits and higher in leaves. The content of carotenoids for fruits and leaves was expressive. The ethanolic extract and the hexane and chloroform fractions of fruits were active in all neoplastic lines tested. The leaves showed cytotoxic activity in the hexane fraction in the breast carcinoma line. The analysis of data obtained verified the presence of dimers, monomers, and tetramers of hexoses, polycarboxylic acids, xanthones, flavonoids, biflavonoids, and benzophenones.
Immobilization after injury alters extracellular matrix and stem cell fate.

Cells sense extracellular environment and mechanical stimuli and translate these signals into intracellular responses through mechanotransduction and alters cell maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation. Here we use a mouse model of trauma induced heterotopic ossification (HO) to examine how cell-extrinsic forces impact MPC fate. After injury, single cell (sc) RNA sequencing of the injury site reveals an early increase in MPC genes associated with pathways of cell adhesion and ECM-receptor interactions, and MPC trajectories to cartilage and bone. Immunostaining uncovers active mechanotransduction after injury with increased focal adhesion kinase signaling and nuclear translocation of transcriptional co-activator TAZ, inhibition of which mitigates HO. Similarly, joint immobilization decreases mechanotransductive signaling, and completely inhibits HO. Joint immobilization decreases collagen alignment and increases adipogenesis. Further, scRNA sequencing of the HO site after injury with or without immobilization identifies gene signatures in mobile MPCs correlating with osteogenesis, while signatures from immobile MPCs with adipogenesis. scATAC-seq in these same MPCs confirm that in mobile MPCs, chromatin regions around osteogenic genes are open, while in immobile MPCs, regions around adipogenic genes are open. Together these data suggest that joint immobilization after injury results in decreased ECM alignment, altered MPC mechanotransduction, and changes in genomic architecture favoring adipogenesis over osteogenesis, resulting in decreased formation of HO.
Online psychological interventions to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and general distress in those with chronic health conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract Background Over the past 15 years, there has been substantial growth in web-based psychological interventions. We summarize evidence regarding the efficacy of web-based self-directed psychological interventions on depressive, anxiety and distress symptoms in people living with a chronic health condition. Method We searched Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE databases and Cochrane Database from 1990 to 1 May 2019. English language papers of randomized controlled trials (usual care or waitlist control) of web-based psychological interventions with a primary or secondary aim to reduce anxiety, depression or distress in adults with a chronic health condition were eligible. Results were assessed using narrative synthases and random-effects meta-analyses. Results In total 70 eligible studies across 17 health conditions [most commonly: cancer (k = 20), chronic pain (k = 9), arthritis (k = 6) and multiple sclerosis (k = 5), diabetes (k = 4), fibromyalgia (k = 4)] were identified. Interventions were based on CBT principles in 46 (66%) studies and 42 (60%) included a facilitator. When combining all chronic health conditions, web-based interventions were more efficacious than control conditions in reducing symptoms of depression g = 0.30 (95% CI 0.22–0.39), anxiety g = 0.19 (95% CI 0.12–0.27), and distress g = 0.36 (95% CI 0.23–0.49). Conclusion Evidence regarding effectiveness for specific chronic health conditions was inconsistent. While self-guided online psychological interventions may help to reduce symptoms of anxiety, depression and distress in people with chronic health conditions in general, it is unclear if these interventions are effective for specific health conditions. More high-quality evidence is needed before definite conclusions can be made.
How to prevent in-hospital COVID-19 infection and reassure women about the safety of pregnancy: Experience from an obstetric center in China

Objective This study aimed to describe the emergency responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for pregnant patients at our hospital and their effect on hospital operations and patients’ outcomes. Methods We developed strategies to prevent hospital-associated transmission of COVID-19 in obstetric care. Infrastructure, including the fever clinic and wards, were modified. Outpatient volume was controlled and screening processes were strictly performed. Verification of the virus was compulsory for non-surgery and non-emergency patients. Emergency operations were performed in a negative pressure theater with surgeons fully protected. Outcomes were analyzed and the patients’ characteristics were evaluated. The effect of intervention on depressed and anxious patients was assessed. Data from the first 2 months of 2019 and 2020 were compared. Results No in-hospital COVID-19 infections occurred in our unit. During the epidemic, patient volume significantly decreased. While major characteristics of patients were similar, a higher prevalence of gestational hypertension was found in 2020 than in 2019. Psychological interventions showed optimistic effects in ameliorating depression and anxiety at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions Our strategies were effective in preventing in-hospital infection of COVID-19 and reassuring women about the safety of pregnancy. Monitoring and managing psychological issues were necessary during this critical period.
Evaluation of Erythrocyte δ-amino Levulinic Acid Dehydratase Activity as a Short-Term Indicator in Fish of a Harmful Exposure to Lead

The activity of erythrocyte δ-amino levulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) of fish is easily measured under a variety of experimental conditions. Exposure of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), goldfish (Carassius auratus), and pumpkinseeds (Lepomis gibbosus) to lead consistently inhibited ALA-D within 2 wks at concentrations as low as 10, 90, 470, and 90 μg/l, respectively. In rainbow and brook trout these concentrations were closely related to the published minimum effective concentrations causing sublethal harm. There was a significant linear relationship between ALA-D activity and log of blood lead concentration, between ALA-D activity and log of lead in water, and between blood lead and lead in water. Near lethal exposures to cadmium, copper, zinc, and mercury did not significantly inhibit ALA-D activity. Recovery of ALA-D activity of rainbow trout after transfer from 120 μg/l lead to clean water occurred in 8 wk. This enzyme provides fast, consistent, specific, and sens.
Coupling of Integrin α5 to Annexin A2 by Flow Drives Endothelial Activation

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: Atherosclerosis preferentially occurs at specific sites of the vasculature where endothelial cells (ECs) are exposed to disturbed blood flow. Translocation of integrin α5 to lipid rafts promotes integrin activation and ligation, which is critical for oscillatory shear stress (OSS)-induced EC activation. However, the underlying mechanism of OSS promoted integrin α5 lipid raft translocation has remained largely unknown. Objective: The objective of this study was to specify the mechanotransduction mechanism of OSS-induced integrin α5 translocation and subsequent EC activation. Methods and Results: Mass spectrometry studies identified endothelial ANXA2 (annexin A2) as a potential carrier allowing integrin α5β1 to traffic in response to OSS. Interference by siRNA of AnxA2 in ECs greatly decreased OSS-induced integrin α5β1 translocation to lipid rafts, EC activation, and monocyte adhesion. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of PTP1B (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B) blunted OSS-induced integrin α5β1 activation, which is dependent on Piezo1-mediated calcium influx in ECs. Furthermore, ANXA2 was identified as a direct substrate of activated PTP1B by mass spectrometry. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assay, PTP1B-dephosphorylated ANXA2 at Y24 was found to lead to conformational freedom of the C-terminal core domain from the N-terminal domain of ANXA2. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that this unmasked ANXA2-C-terminal core domain specifically binds to an integrin α5 nonconserved cytoplasmic domain but not β1. Importantly, ectopic lentiviral overexpression of an ANXA2Y24F mutant increased and shRNA against Ptp1B decreased integrin α5β1 ligation, inflammatory signaling, and progression of plaques at atheroprone sites in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)−/− mice. However, the antiatherosclerotic effect of Ptp1B shRNA was abolished in AnxA2−/−ApoE−/− mice. Conclusions: Our data elucidate a novel endothelial mechanotransduction molecular mechanism linking atheroprone flow and activation of integrin α5β1, thereby identifying a class of potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
Daily Rhythms of Female Self-maintenance Correlate with Predation Risk and Male Nest Attendance in a Biparental Wader

Parents make tradeoffs between care for offspring and themselves. Such a tradeoff should be reduced in biparental species, when both parents provide parental care. However, in some biparental species, the contribution of one sex varies greatly over time or between pairs. How this variation in parental care influences self-maintenance rhythms is often unclear. In this study, we used continuous video recording to investigate the daily rhythms of sleep and feather preening in incubating females of the Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), a wader with a highly variable male contribution to incubation. We found that the female’s sleep frequency peaked after sunrise and before sunset but was low in the middle of the day and especially during the night. In contrast, preening frequency followed a 24-h rhythm and peaked in the middle of the day. Taken together, incubating females rarely slept or preened during the night, when the predation pressure was highest. Moreover, the sleeping and preening rhythms were modulated by the male contribution to incubation. Females that were paired with more contributing males showed a stronger sleep rhythm but also a weaker preening rhythm. If more incubating males also invest more in nest guarding and deterring daylight predators, their females may afford more sleep on the nest during the day and preen more when they are off the nest. Whether the lack of sleep in females paired with less caregiving males has fitness consequences awaits future investigation.
Long-Term Residual-Mobility and Adjacent Segment Disease After Total Lumbar Disc Replacement

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: Total disc replacement (TDR) has been introduced in order to preserve segmental motion and thus reduce adjacent segment disease (ASD) as seen after spinal fusion. However, it is uncertain whether these presumed beneficial effects remain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term incidence of ASD and residual-mobility in relation to clinical outcome. Methods: A total of 210 patients treated with lumbar TDR for degenerative disc disease were invited for follow-up. ASD was reported in case of severe degeneration in an adjacent disc at latest follow-up, or if an increase in disc degeneration was observed in these adjacent segments as compared to direct postoperative radiographs. Residual-mobility of the TDR was defined as a minimal rotation of 4.6° on flexion-extension radiographs. Patient-reported outcome measures were obtained. Results: Fifty-seven patients (27.1%) were lost to follow-up. In 32 patients (15.3%) a revision by spinal fusion had been performed. In 20 patients this revision had occurred ≥5 years after TDR and were included. Consequently, 141 patients were available for analysis (mean follow-up of 16.7 years). Residual-mobility was noted in 38.0%. No significant associations were observed between residual-mobility and the occurrence of ASD, or with clinical outcome. In addition, ASD and clinical outcome were not related either. Conclusions: It appears that long-term preservation of motion after TDR is met for only a third of patients. However, residual-mobility is not associated with the occurrence of ASD, and both residual-mobility and ASD do not appear to be related to long-term clinical outcome.
Early onset of cannabis use and alcohol intoxication predicts prescription drug misuse in American Indian and non-American Indian adolescents living on or near reservations

ABSTRACT Background Prescription drug misuse (PDM) is a growing issue within the American Indian (AI) population, especially in younger populations. Objectives This study estimates relationships between PDM and early initiation (prior to 14 yrs) of cannabis use and alcohol intoxication for a national sample of AI and non-AI adolescents attending schools on or near reservations. Method Participants were 2580 students (50.2% female; 58.1% AI), ages 15–18, attending schools located on or near an AI reservation. Four models of PDM were estimated: 1) demographic variables; 2) demographics plus cannabis use initiation status; 3) demographics plus alcohol intoxication initiation status; and 4) all variables. All analyses were conducted using multilevel modeling. Results Results indicated that early onset of cannabis use and alcohol intoxication were individually significant predictors of PDM for AI and non-AI adolescents, with odds ratios (OR) of 47.00 for cannabis (p <.01) and 35.73 (p <.01) for intoxication and with no significant differences by race (AI vs. non-AI). Results also indicated a greater likelihood of PDM when a student was an early initiator of both cannabis use and intoxication than when they were one or the other. Finally, there was a significantly greater association between cannabis use and PDM (ORearlycannabis = 24.95, p <.01) than between intoxication and PDM (ORearlyintoxication = 3.98, p <.01) when both predictors were in the model. Conclusions These findings suggest that for AI and non-AI youth who have some shared living experience, early initiation of cannabis use and alcohol intoxication are risk factors that are similarly related to PDM and that targeting early initiation for both groups of adolescents is critical in prevention of PDM.
Effects of Relaxation-Focused Nursing Care in Women in Preterm Labor

Background: Threatened preterm labor is a common problem that causes women to be hospitalized. During this period, physical problems such as a decrease in muscle functions, edema and pain, and psychological problems such as anxiety and stress may develop. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of relaxation-focused nursing care state anxiety, cortisol, contraction severity, nursing care satisfaction, knowledge, and birth weeks on threatened preterm labor. Method: This study was a pre-post single-blind randomized controlled trial. The study was conducted with 66 women in the threatened preterm labor process, 33 in the intervention group and 33 in the control group. The intervention group received relaxation-focused nursing care, which comprises a 2-day program in four stages. The data were collected before and after the relaxation-focused nursing care, and after the birth. Results: In the intervention group, state anxiety, cortisol level, and contraction severity were lower than those in the control group (p < .05). The knowledge level about threatened preterm labor, satisfaction from nursing care, and birth weeks were higher in the intervention group (p < .05). Conclusion: Relaxation-focused nursing care was found to reduce the state anxiety in women, improve the knowledge level about threatened preterm labor and birth weeks, and decrease the level of cortisol. Therefore, it is recommended to use relaxation-focused nursing care in threatened preterm labor.
Horticultural and Economic Considerations in the Sustainability of Three Cold-Climate Strawberry Production Systems

Additional index words. Fragaria ·ananassa, advanced matted row, annual hill plasticulture Abstract. Three cold-climate strawberry (Fragaria ·ananassa) production systems, conventional matted row (CMR), advanced matted row (AMR), and cold-climate plasticulture (CCP), were compared for horticultural and economic aspects of sustain- ability over a 3-year planting cycle. The systems were tested using a single cultivar, Allstar, to avoid treatment · cultivar interaction. System-specific management opera- tions and materials affected the total production costs of each system. Both CMR and AMR had higher management costs than CCP as a result of labor costs for weed control, but CCP had much higher cost of materials. Overall expenses were lowest for CMR and highest for AMR. Yields in the first fruiting year were highest for CMR at 17.4 Mgha -1 followed by AMR and CCP at 13.2 Mgha -1 and 11.8 Mgha -1 , respectively. In the 2004 harvest season, CMR and AMR were the highest yielding at 10.0 Mgha -1 and 9.0 Mgha -1 , respectively, with CCP the lowest yielding at 6.0 Mgha -1 . Low yield and fruit size in the second year and high material costs for establishment limit the economic viability for CCP when managed as a perennial system.
Violent Video Games in Forensic Psychiatric Hospitals

Popular media and the lay public have long expressed concerns about the association between violent video games and violent behavior. The current scientific literature exploring this connection focuses primarily on the relationship between violent video games and aggression in healthy populations. We are unaware of prior publications exploring the effect of such games on aggression in institutional settings or with forensic populations. Popular media and the lay public have long expressed concerns about the association between violent video games and violent behavior. The current scientific literature exploring this connection focuses primarily on the relationship between violent video games and aggression in healthy populations. We are unaware of prior publications exploring the effect of such games on aggression in institutional settings or with forensic populations. Here we examine whether state psychiatric institutions, particularly forensic hospitals, have set policies to govern the use of violent video games for patients under their care. We present data from a national survey of such institutions in the United States, with some anecdotal international data included. The results demonstrate that hospital policies, when they exist, are inconsistent in their approaches to the use of violent video games. We argue that hospitals should devise policies that acknowledge the limited evidence in this area and that optimally balance the relevant stakeholders' interests. We propose guiding principles that balance these competing interests for institutions to consider when developing such policies. Finally, we advocate for further research regarding the safety and potential therapeutic effects of video games in forensic settings so that an evidence-based approach can be initiated future.
Avoidance and Period-Shortening of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Stages I and II: Importance of Ki-67 Labeling Index and the Recognition of Apocrine-Type Lesions

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer encompasses heterogeneous subtypes. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is ineffective against some triple-negative breast cancers, while others show a favorable prognosis despite chemoresistance. Methods: A total of 51 cases with stages I and II triple-negative breast cancer were analyzed; 34 triple-negative breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were divided into “good responders” (n = 22), showing therapeutic effect G2b or G3 in surgical specimens, and “poor responders” with therapeutic effect G0, G1a, G1b, and G2a (n = 12). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was spared in 17 cases (non-neoadjuvant chemotherapy group). Apocrine-type triple-negative breast cancer was defined as triple-negative breast cancer immunoreactive for both androgen receptor and forkhead-box protein A1. Triple-negative breast cancer other than apocrine-type (n = 16) and special types (myoepithelial, medullary, adenoid cystic, and spindle cell carcinomas, n = 6) was categorized as basal-like subtype (n = 29). Prognosis was evaluated in each category. Results: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy provoked significant effects against basal-like triple-negative breast cancer with high Ki-67 labeling (≧50%), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes predicted high chemosensitivity. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was avoidable in triple-negative breast cancer of apocrine- and special types showing low (<50%) Ki-67 labeling. Ten (59%) lesions in the non-neoadjuvant chemotherapy group belonged to the apocrine-type. When clinical complete remission shown by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was reached in the course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy against basal-like triple-negative breast cancer, the neoadjuvant chemotherapy period was shortened in 14 (64%) of 22 good responders. Disease-free and overall survival rates were excellent in all groups. Conclusions: The following 2 hypothetical proposals should be proven by large-scale clinical trials. Immunohistochemical recognition of apocrine-type triple-negative breast cancer with low Ki-67 labeling is important for avoiding ineffective/unnecessary neoadjuvant chemotherapy. By employing appropriate clinical imaging, period-shortening is achievable in basal-like triple-negative breast cancer with high Ki-67 labeling.