Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Steel Fiber Addition in Eco-Friendly Zero-Cement Concrete: Proportions and Properties

The main objective of this paper is to study the behavior of eco-friendly zero-cement concrete, its proportions, and its properties. The experimental program involves casting and testing many specimens divided into three main groups according to the percentage of added steel fibers in order to investigate the effect of steel fibers on the density, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and splitting tensile strength of concrete. The experimental outcomes indicated that the percentage of steel fibers has a small impact on the dry density: adding 0.5% and 1% of steel fibers increased the dry density by about 0.9% and 1.6% respectively. The percentage of steel fibers has an important impact on the compressive strength: after 28 days, steel fibers increased the compressive strength by about 4.9% and 12.8% for added steel fiber percentages of 0.5% and 1%. Also, the results indicated that steel fiber had an important impact on the splitting tensile strength in concrete after 28 days of curing: adding 0.5% and 1% steel fibers increased the splitting tensile strength by about 11.8%and 23.2% respectively. Finally, adding steel fibers has an impact on the modulus of elasticity: after 28 days, adding 0.5% and 1% steel fibers improved the modulus of elasticity approximately by 1.7% and 5%.
Quantum Biological Switch Based on Superradiance Transitions

A linear chain of connected sites with two asymmetric sinks, one attached to each end, is used as a simple model of quantum (excitonic and/or electron) transport in photosynthetic biocomplexes. For a symmetric initial population in the middle of the chain, it is expected that transport is mainly directed toward the strongly coupled sink. However, we show that quantum effects radically change this intuitive “classical” mechanism so that transport can occur through the weakly coupled sink with maximal efficiency. Using this capability, we show how to design a quantum switch that can transfer energy or charge to the strongly or weakly coupled branch of the chain, by changing the coupling to the sinks. The operational principles of this quantum device can be understood in terms of superradiance transitions and subradiant states. This switching, being a pure quantum effect, can be used as a witness of wavelike behavior in molecular chains. When realistic data are used for the photosystem II reaction center, th.
Emission mechanism of GeV-quiet soft gamma-ray pulsars: a case for peculiar geometry?

There is a growing new class of young spin-down powered pulsars called GeV- quiet soft gamma-ray pulsar; (1) spectral turnover appears around 10MeV, (2) the X-ray spectra of below 20 keV can be described by power law with photon index around 1.2 and (3) the light curve in X-ray/soft gamma-ray bands shows single broad pulse. Their emission properties are distinct from the normal gamma-ray pulsars, for which the spectral peak inFappears in GeV energy bands and the X-ray/gamma-ray light curves show sharp and double (or more) peaks. In this paper, we discuss that X-ray/soft gamma- ray emissions of the GeV-quiet soft gamma-ray pulsars are caused by the synchrotron radiation of the electron/positron pairs, which are created by the magnetic pair-creation process near the stellar surface. In our model, the viewing geometry is crucial factor to discriminate between the normal gamma-ray pulsars and soft gamma-ray pulsars. Our model suggests that the difference between the magnetic inclination angle (�) and the Earth viewing angle (�) of the soft gamma-ray pulsars is small, so that the synchrotron emissions from the high magnetic field region around the polar cap region dominates in the observed emissions. Furthermore, the inclination angle of the soft gamma-ray pulsar is relatively small, � 6 30 degree, and our line of sight is out of the gamma-ray beam emitted via the curvature radiation process in the outer gap. We also analysis the six year Fermi data for four soft gamma-ray pulsars to determine the upper limit of the GeV flux.
Investigation of Teacher Candidates' Nature of Science Beliefs In Terms of Gender, Program, and Class Level

This research aims to examine teacher candidates' nature of science beliefs in terms of certain variables (gender, program, and class level). The participants of the research are 364 teacher candidates studying at the faculty of education of a public university in three programs; science education, elementary mathematics education, computer education, and instructional technology. Convenience sampling was applied and a relational screening model from descriptive research design was used. "Nature of Science Beliefs Scale" developed by Özcan and Turgut (2014) was used as a data collection tool. Subsequently, data analysis was conducted through SPSS statistical software by applying independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA analysis. According to the results of the study, teacher candidates' nature of science beliefs was found on the undecided level. Additionally, female teacher candidates have a higher level than male teacher candidates related to the nature of science beliefs dimensions of tentativeness, observation and inference, scientific method/methods, assumptions and boundaries, socio-cultural embeddedness, and theories and laws, and it was found that this difference was statistically significant. In terms of program variables, only a difference was found in the dimension of scientific method/methods in favor of science teacher candidates. Finally, there was a statistically significant difference in the dimensions of tentativeness and theories and laws in terms of a class-level variable. Consequently, new activities and subjects that can be added to the curriculum are recommended
Revisiting binary stars in population synthesis models

We report results of a population synthesis model that follows the evolution of single and binary stars. In this model we include the 2HeWD merger channel, suggested by Han et al. (2002), for the formation of EHB stars. The physical parameters of the resulting EHB stars are derived from the BaSTI database, and are thus realistic and observationally supported. The predictions of this model are in good agreement with traditional population synthesis models, except when the spectrum of the stellar population is dominated by binary stars or their products, e.g., EHB stars in the UV of ETGs. We reproduce successfully the observed CMD and SED of the metal rich open cluster NGC 6791. The stellar population in this cluster may be archetypal of the stellar population in ETGs that show the UVX phenomenon. Our models should be appropriate to study the UV upturn in ETGs.
In Vitro Evaluation of Antiviral Activity Effect of Selenium, Bacillus clausii Supernatant, and Their Combination on the Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus 1

Background: About 70% of individuals worldwide suffer from herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Several studies have reported that selenium and supernatant of probiotic bacteria are antiviral; nevertheless, their effect alone or synergistically on HSV-1 is unknown. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the antiviral effects of Bacillus clausii supernatant, selenium (Se), and their combination on HSV-1. Methods: After determining cytotoxicity by the MTT assay, selenium and B. clausii supernatants were added to HeLa cells 24 hours before (pre-infection treatment) and after (post-infection treatment) HSV-1 inoculation. After 47 hours of incubation at 37°C, the viral titer and expression levels of the unique long 47 (UL47) gene were determined by the 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) and real-time polymerase chain reaction methods, respectively. Results: The bacterial supernatant in dilutions of 1:4 and 1:8, selenium in concentrations of 0.5 and 1 μM, and a combination of them had a cytotoxicity level lower than 80% in HeLa cells. The HSV-1 titers in pre-infection and post-infection assays with a dilution of 1:4 supernatant decreased by about 2.16 and 1 log10 TCID50/mL, respectively. Moreover, 1 μM Se could reduce the virus titer by 2.33 log10 TCID50/mL. The virus titer showed a greater decrease when Se and the bacterial supernatants were combined than when only one of the two was used. The highest selectivity index (SI) was obtained when selenium and bacterial supernatant were combined (SI = 29.2). The combined use of 1 μM Se and a 1:4 dilution of B. clausii supernatant caused the greatest drop in virus titer (3.3 log10 TCID50/mL) in comparison to other treatment conditions. The UL47 gene expression was reduced by Se at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 μM by about 1.6- and 2-fold, respectively. The UL47 expression showed a higher decline when selenium and bacterial supernatant were combined than when only one of the two was employed, which is similar to viral titer data. Conclusions: Selenium and the supernatant of B. clausii have potent antiviral activity against HSV-1. The combination of selenium and the bacterial supernatant has a synergistic effect in reducing HSV-1 replication. However, further research is required to fully understand how they inhibit viruses.
Shape Parameter Estimation of K-Distributed Sea Clutter Using Neural Network and Multisample Percentile in Radar Industry

In this paper, we consider the problem of robustly and accurately estimating the shape parameters of <italic>K</italic>-distributed sea clutter in the maritime radar industry. Outliers formed by non-sea-surface echoes have a significant negative impact on the estimation accuracy. To improve the estimation performance, we first propose a bipercentiles feedforward neural network for the shape parameter <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\eta$</tex-math></inline-formula> (BP-FFNN-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\eta$</tex-math></inline-formula>), which utilizes a ratio of two percentiles and a two-hidden-layer feedforward neural network. The BP-FFNN-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\eta$</tex-math></inline-formula> can learn the mathematical relationship between the shape parameter and the ratio of two percentiles, and can work in environments where the number of outliers is approximately known. Moreover, to solve the case where the number of outliers is not known due to dynamic changes in the environment, we also design another neural network (referred to as MBP-FFNN-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\eta$</tex-math></inline-formula>), which consists of multiple BP-FFNNs-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\eta$</tex-math></inline-formula> and a multi-class classification network. The MBP-FFNN-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\eta$</tex-math></inline-formula> can perceive the change in the proportion of outliers, so an accurate estimate can be obtained from an unaffected BP-FFNN-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\eta$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Finally, training and test data are constructed to train and evaluate the proposed methods, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the BP-FFNN-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\eta$</tex-math></inline-formula> performs better than traditional moments-based estimators, and has almost the same performance as the tri-percentile estimator. Compared with the tri-percentile estimator, the BP-FFNN-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\eta$</tex-math></inline-formula> avoids table lookups, and produces a continuous estimate. The MBP-FFNN-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\eta$</tex-math></inline-formula> can achieve more than 97% overall classification accuracy on simulated and measured data, and thus an accurate estimate of the shape parameter can be obtained when the number of outliers varies.
Effects of personalization and source expertise on users’ health beliefs and usage intention toward health chatbots: Evidence from an online experiment

Objective Based on the heuristic–systematic model (HSM) and health belief model (HBM), this study aims to investigate how personalization and source expertise in responses from a health chatbot influence users’ health belief-related factors (i.e. perceived benefits, self-efficacy and privacy concerns) as well as usage intention. Methods A 2 (personalization vs. non-personalization) × 2 (source expertise vs. non-source expertise) online between-subject experiment was designed. Participants were recruited in China between April and May 2021. Data from 260 valid observations were used for the data analysis. Results Source expertise moderated the effects of personalization on health belief factors. Perceived benefits and self-efficacy mediated the relationship between personalization and usage intention when the source expertise cue was presented. However, the privacy concerns were not influenced by personalization and source expertise and did not significantly affect usage intention toward the health chatbot. Discussion This study verified that in the health chatbot context, source expertise as a heuristic cue may be a necessary condition for effects of the systematic cue (i.e. personalization), which supports the HSM's arguments. By introducing the HBM in the chatbot experiment, this study is expected to provide new insights into the acceptance of healthcare AI consulting services.
Evidence for semiconducting behavior with a narrow band gap of Bernal graphite

We have studied the resistance of a large number of highly oriented graphite samples with areas ranging from several mm2 to a few μm2 and thickness from ∼ 10 nm to several tens of micrometers. The measured resistance can be explained by the parallel contribution of semiconducting graphene layers with low carrier density <109 cm−2 and the one from metallic-like internal interfaces. The results indicate that ideal graphite with Bernal stacking structure is a semiconductor with a narrow band gap Eg ∼ 40 meV.
The Chemistry and Physics of Stratospheric Ozone

"Chemistry and Physics of Stratospheric Ozone" will provide an in-depth account of chemical and physical properties of stratospheric ozone, which will be valuable to a wide audience. The research of the last decade has produced as many arguments as answers, and the author provides a good account of both the accepted and provocative resolutions. It focuses on the important aspects of stratospheric ozone that are needed to understand most of the literature. It provides extensive discussion of the natural and human-induced changes to the "ozone layer". It includes homework problems at the end of each chapter.
Droplet Breakup of the Nematic Liquid Crystal MBBA

Droplet breakup is a well studied phenomena in Newtonian fluids. One property of this behavior is that, independent of initial conditions, the minimum radius exhibits power law scaling with the time left to breakup tau. Because they have additional structure and shear dependent viscosity, liquid crystals pose an interesting complication to such studies. Here, we investigate the breakup of a synthetic nematic liquid crystal known as MBBA. We determine the phase of the solution by using a cross polarizer setup in situ with the liquid bridge breakup apparatus. Consistent with previous studies of scaling behavior in viscous-inertial fluid breakup, when MBBA is in the isotropic phase, the minimum radius decreases as tau^{1.03 \pm 0.04}. In the nematic phase however, we observe very different thinning behavior. Our measurements of the thinning profile are consistent with two interpretations. In the first interpretation, the breakup is universal and consists of two different regimes. The first regime is characterized by a symmetric profile with a single minimum whose radius decreases as tau^{1.51 \pm 0.06}. The second and final regime is characterized by two minima whose radii decrease as tau^{0.52 \pm 0.11}. These results are in excellent agreement with previous measurements of breakup in the nematic phase of liquid crystal 8CB and 5CB. Interestingly, we find that the entire thinning behavior can also be fit with an exponential decay such that R_{min} \sim exp((1.2\times 10^2 Hz) tau). This dependence is more reminiscent of breakup in polymers where entropic stretching slows the thinning process. An analogous mechanism for slowing in liquid crystals could arise from the role played by topological constraints governing defect dynamics. Consistent with this interpretation, crossed polarizer images indicate that significant alignment of the liquid crystal domains occurs during breakup.
Virgo Cluster and field dwarf ellipticals in 3D – II. Internal dynamics points to tidal harassment?

We present the dynamical analysis of a sample of 12 dwarf elliptical (dE) galaxies for which we have obtained SAURON large-scale two-dimensional spectroscopic data. We construct Jeans axisymmetric models and obtain total dynamical masses enclosed within one effective radius. We use the obtained values to show that the validity of the dynamical scaling relations of massive early-type galaxies can be extended to these low-mass systems, except that dEs seem to contain relatively larger fraction of dark matter in their inner parts. We then demonstrate that dE galaxies have lower angular momenta than the present-day analogues of their presumed late-type progenitors and we show that dE circular velocity curves are steeper than the rotation curves of galaxies with equal and up to an order of magnitude higher luminosity. This requires a transformation mechanism that is not only able to lower the angular momentum but also one that needs to account for increased stellar concentration. Additionally, we match the dark matter fraction of our galaxies to their location in the Virgo Cluster and see that galaxies in the cluster outskirts tend to have a higher dark-to-stellar matter ratio. Transformation due to tidal harassment is able to expain all of the above, unless the dE progenitors were already compact and had lower angular momenta at higher redshifts.
Variation of Genetic Diversity of Ralstonia Solanacearum In Tomato And Egg Plant of Bangladesh

Genetic diversity of Ralstonia solanacearum, on seeds of tomato and brinjal from different seed sources in Bangladesh were studied with Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker. The primers viz., OPA02, OPA08, OPA09, OPA10, OPA18 and OPE19 were used in this study and were also evaluated on the basis of intensity and resolution of the band. The genetic variations in 24 isolates of R. solanacearum were analyzed with (OPA18) RAPD marker in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The percentage of polymorphic loci was 100.00 for both tomato and brinjal. Combined Dendrogram based on Nei’s (1972) genetic distance in Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Means (UPGMA) segregated the 24 isolates of R. solanacearum into two main clusters: RsT-6, RsB-2 and RsB-3 in cluster 1, and rest of the 24 isolates were grouped in cluster 2. The isolate of brinjal (RsB-8) was close to the isolate RsB-12 and the isolate RsB-11 was near to RsT-5 (tomato) with the least genetic distance (0.000), while the brinjal isolate RsB-4 was also close to RsB-5 with the low genetic distance (0.0606). The coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) was obtained at 1.0000 which reflects the existence of higher genetic variations among 24 isolates of R. solanacearum. Comparatively higher genetic distance (1.7346) and the lower genetic identity (0.1765) were observed in RsB-1 vs. RsT-12, whilst the higher genetic identity (1.000) and the lower genetic distance (0.000) were estimated in RsB-8 vs. RsB-12 and RsB-11 vs. RsT-5, respectively. Consequently, interactive significant genetic variations in 24 isolates of R. solanacearum of tomato and brinjal seed sources were found to be evident in both the crop species’ of diversified different varieties as the genetic variability of specific crop species. Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(3): 519-526, 2022 (September)
RESOLVING MICROLENSING EVENTS WITH TRIGGERED VLBI

Microlensing events provide a unique capacity to study the stellar remnant population of the Galaxy. Optical microlensing suffers from a near-complete degeneracy between mass, velocity, and distance. However, a subpopulation of lensed stars, Mira variable stars, are also radio-bright, exhibiting strong SiO masers. These are sufficiently bright and compact to permit direct imaging using existing very long baseline interferometers such as the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). We show that these events are relatively common, occurring at a rate of of which are associated with Galactic black holes. Features in the associated images, e.g., the Einstein ring, are sufficiently well resolved to fully reconstruct the lens properties, enabling the measurement of mass, distance, and tangential velocity of the lensing object to a precision better than 15%. Future radio microlensing surveys conducted with upcoming radio telescopes combined with modest improvements in the VLBA could increase the rate of Galactic black hole events to roughly 10 , sufficient to double the number of known stellar mass black holes in a couple of years, and permitting the construction of distribution functions of stellar mass black hole properties.
The species of genus fagonia in Libya: (A comprehensive review)

The Plants of the genus Fagonia have been broadly utilized as adjunctive therapy, to treat several conditions involving high fever, diabetes, asthma, stoma chache, dental pain, and renal problems using their aqueous extracts as medicines. This genus is a valuable source that comprises a variety of Triterpenes, flavonoids, and Saponins. The herbal chemistry as well as the biological action of Fagonia species have been a candidate for many researchers. The in vivo pharmacological screening of their extracts has manifested some other significant properties such as cytotoxic and anti-cancer activity. This review study has gathered the important research that has been carried out on the species that grow in Libya. It includes an exhaustive survey of literature about the medicinal value and the bioactivities of various extracts obtained from these Fagonia species using references from major databases.
Framed BPS states

We consider a class of line operators in d = 4,N = 2 supersymmetric field theories which leave four supersymmetries unbroken. Such line operators support a new class of BPS states which we call “framed BPS states. ” These include halo bound states similar to those of d = 4,N = 2 supergravity, where (ordinary) BPS particles are loosely bound to the line operator. Using this construction, we give a new proof of the KontsevichSoibelman wall-crossing formula for the ordinary BPS particles, by reducing it to the semiprimitive wall-crossing formula. After reducing on S1, the expansion of the vevs of the line operators in the IR provides a new physical interpretation of the “Darboux coordinates” on the moduli spaceM of the theory. Moreover, we introduce a “protected spin character” which keeps track of the spin degrees of freedom of the framed BPS states. We show that the generating functions of protected spin characters admit a multiplication which defines a deformation of the algebra of holomorphic functions on M. As an illustration of these ideas, we consider the six-dimensional (2, 0) field theory of A1 type compactified on a Riemann surface C. Here we show (extending previous results) that line operators are classified by certain laminations on a suitably decorated version of C, and we compute the spectrum of framed BPS states in several explicit examples. Finally we indicate some interesting connections to the theory of cluster algebras. ar X iv :1 00 6. 01 46 v2 [ he pth ] 6 O ct 2 01 2