Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction-Aware Prediction for Cut-In Trajectories With Limited Observable Neighboring Vehicles

Predicting the future trajectories of risky maneuvers such as cut-in is of great significance for intelligent vehicles to alarm potential crashes in advance. A more critical issue is the use of limited observable neighboring vehicles to achieve reliable trajectory prediction. Motivated by it, this paper studies the trajectory prediction for cut-in maneuvers from ego-vehicle's-view. An interaction-aware model is developed for long-term prediction based on the attention mechanism, where both the encoder and the social interactor are implemented through multi-head attentions and feed forward layers. First, an attention-based trajectory encoder module with temporal embedding is presented to extract hidden features from historical observations. Then another attention-based module is constructed to characterize social interactions between the target vehicle and its neighbors. In the interactor, a novel social mask layer is designed to improve prediction performance in different scenarios, especially for discretionary cut-in maneuvers. Experimental comparison with the state-of-the-art models on public dataset demonstrates the excellent performance of our proposed model on cut-in trajectory prediction. In addition, ablation studies are conducted to highlight the strengths of the main modules in our model.
Effect of Hydrothermal Alteration on Rock Properties in the Tauhara Geothermal Field, New Zealand

Hydrothermal alteration records physicochemical changes to a rock, including dissolution and/or precipitation of new mineral phases, by its interaction with (typically) hot mineralised fluid. Transient geochemical processes can alter petro- and thermophysical rock properties. A database of hydraulic (e.g. permeability, porosity) and thermophysical parameters (e.g. thermal conductivity, heat capacity) has been established for ~450 drill cores from seven geothermal/monitor wells (TH18, THM12, THM13, THM14, THM17, THM18 and THM19) in the Tauhara Geothermal Field (Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ), New Zealand), including for (a) clay-altered tuff and intercalated siltstones (cap rock for the Tauhara geothermal system); (b) tuffaceous sandstones (reservoir-hosting units); and (c) rhyolitic and andesitic lavas, and their associated breccias. Hydrothermal alteration determined from XRD and shortwave infrared analysis (SWIR), optical microscopy and clay mineral characterisation, ranges from an argillic-type assemblage at shallow ( 300°C) parts of the reservoir.
Numerical Analysis of Natural Convection of Thermoelectrically Conducting Fluids in a Square Cavity under a Uniform Magnetic Field : Estimation of Induced Heating Term

The applications of MHD (magnetohydrodynamics) devices have been rapidly developed in recent years. Thermoelectrically conducting fluid has been increasingly used in the manufacturing process of semiconducting materials such as silicon crystal. In the present paper, we propose a new GSMAC (generalized simplified marker and cell)finite-element method coupled with the B method. The present scheme efficiently satisfies both conservation laws of mass and magnetic flux. In order to verify the present scheme, we discuss the natural convection of thermoelectrically conducting fluids in a square cavity under a uniform magnetic field. The numerical results obtained here agreed well with previous experimental and numerical results. Moreover, we estimate the effect of the induced heating term on a temperature field.
Fatigue risk management for cabin crew: the importance of company support and sufficient rest for work-life balance—a qualitative study

Knowledge about cabin crew fatigue associated with ultra-long range (ULR) flights is still limited. Current ULR scheduling for cabin crew is therefore predominantly based on flight crew data. Cabin crews’ views on fatigue, and their strategies for mitigating it, have seldom been sought. To better understand the causes and consequences of cabin crew fatigue, semi-structured focus group discussions were held. Thematic analysis was undertaken with data from 25 cabin crew. Participants indicated that the consequences of fatigue are twofold, affecting 1) cabin crew health and wellbeing and 2) safety (cabin, passenger and personal) and cabin service. While the primary causes of fatigue were sleep loss and circadian disruption, participants also identified other key factors including: insufficient rest, high workload, the work environment, a lack of company support, and insufficient fatigue management training. They highlighted the importance of sufficient rest, not only for obtaining adequate recovery sleep but also for achieving a work-life balance. They also highlighted the need for company support, effective communication, and management’s engagement with cabin crew in general. We recommend that priority is given to fatigue management training for cabin crew, which may also enhance perceived company support and assist with achieving a better work-life balance.
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND WORK MOTIVATION AT PT. TELKOM WITEL MAGELANG

This study aimed to assess the organizational culture and employee motivation at PT. Telkom Witel Magelang (Study Case in Consumer Service units). This study is carried out by quantitative methodology and a descriptive analysis. The sampling method used in this study is a sample of roughly 40 active consumer service units, which also constitute the population. The method being used is a method of conducting surveys using questionnaires and observation. The technique for data analysis being used is likert scale analysis with SPSS. According to analysis that has already been done, there is a 0.372-point correlation between the variables organizational culture and work motivation. Organizational culture has no significant effect on employee performance, while work motivation has an effect on employee performance. The influence of organizational culture on employee performance is as large as the variable Organizational Culture (X1) and Motivation (X2) simultaneously has an effect on the Performance variable (Y) by 37.2%. While the remaining 62.8% is influenced by other variables beyond this study.
Orbital Decay in the X-Ray Binary LMC X-4

We report on the timing analysis of the high-mass X-ray binary (HMXRB) LMC X-4 with the ROSAT satellite. The observation covers about three binary orbits in the high-intensity state of the 30 day cycle of LMC X-4, thus allowing an accurate determination of the pulse period and the orbital parameters of the 13.5 s X-ray pulsar. The new mid-eclipse epoch, combined with the previous epochs, suggests orbital decay in LMC X-4 at a rate of Ṗorb/Porb ~ -5 × 10-7 yr-1. An interpretation of our results is discussed in the context of conservative mass loss and tidal evolution and in comparison with the other HMXRB Cen X-3.
Sepsis-related pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: A multicenter prospective cohort study

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the risk factors and outcomes for organ dysfunction between sepsis-related Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) and nonsepsis PARDS. METHODS: We prospective cohort recruited intubated patients with PARDS at four tertiary care centers in Thailand. The baseline characteristics, mechanical ventilation, fluid balance, and clinical outcomes were collected. The primary outcome was organ dysfunction. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-two mechanically ventilated children with PARDS were included in the study. The median age was 29 months and 53.8% were male. The mortality rate was 22.7% and organ dysfunction was 45.4%. There were 26 (19.7%) and 106 (80.3%) patients who were classified into sepsis-related PARDS and nonsepsis PARDS, respectively. Sepsis-related PARDS patients had a significantly higher incidence of acute kidney injury (30.8% vs. 13.2%, P = 0.041), septic shock (88.5% vs. 32.1%, P < 0.001), organ dysfunction (84.6% vs. 35.8%, P < 0.001), and death (42.3% vs. 17.9%, P = 0.016) than nonsepsis PARDS group. Multivariate analysis adjusted for clinical variables showed that sepsis-related PARDS and percentage of fluid overload were significantly associated with organ dysfunction (odds ratio [OR] 11.414; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40892.557, P = 0.023 and OR 1.169; 95% CI 1.0121.352, P = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS: Sepsis-related PARDS patients had more severe illness, organ dysfunction, and mortality than nonsepsis PARDS patients. The higher percentage of fluid overload and presentation of sepsis was the independent risk factor of organ dysfunction in PARDS patients.
Frequency measurement of the 40Ca+ clock transition using a LD-based clock laser and UTC(NICT)

We developed an optical frequency standard with the 4 2S1/2-3 2D5/2 electric quadrupole transition of 40Ca+ ions. Its absolute transition frequency is 411 042 129 776 390(±7) Hz. The accuracy is limited by the electric quadrupole shift and the ambient magnetic field fluctuation. To determine the absolute transition frequency with a better accuracy, we have observed two pairs of the symmetrically-splitting Zeeman components and measured the transition frequency corrected for the electric quadrupole shift. In addition, we are developing a magnetic-shielded ion-trap chamber to suppress the transition-line broadening caused by the magnetic field fluctuation.
Thermal Resistance Reduction of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers by Thickness-Modulated Distributed Bragg Reflector

A technique of reducing the thermal resistance of a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) is proposed to improve the performance of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). The improvement mechanism is based on the large thermal resistivity difference between two component materials of the DBR. The thickness of each DBR layer is designed taking into consideration both the optical properties and thermal resistance. The theoretical design of the thickness-modulated DBR and the lasing characteristics of the fabricated VCSEL are discussed.
Explicating the Teacher's Perspective From the Researchers' Perspectives: Generating Accounts of Mathematics Teachers' Practice

In this article we articulate a methodology for studying mathematics teacher development in the context of reform. The generation of accounts of teachers'practice, an adaptation of the case study, provides an approach to understanding teachers' current practice and to viewing their current practice in the context of development toward envisioned reforms. The methodology is an alternative both to studies that focus on teachers' deficits and to teachers' own accounts of their practice. Conceptual frameworks developed within the mathematics education research community are applied to the task of investigating the nature of practice developed by teachers in transition. We characterize this methodology as explicating the teacher's perspective from the researchers' perspectives.
Lattice strain analysis of silicon fin field-effect transistor structures wrapped by Ge2Sb2Te5 liner stressor

The local strain components in the source/drain (S/D) and channel regions of Si fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) structures wrapped around by a Ge2Sb2Te5 liner stressor were investigated for the first time using nano-beam diffraction. When the Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) layer changes phase from amorphous to crystalline, it contracts and exerts a large stress on the Si fins. This results in large compressive strain in the S/D region of ⟨1¯10⟩-oriented Si FinFETs of up to −1.15% and −1.57% in the ⟨110⟩ (horizontal) and ⟨001⟩ (vertical) directions, respectively. In the channel region of the FinFETs under the metal gate, the GST contraction results in up to −1.47% and −0.61% compressive strain in the ⟨110⟩ and ⟨001⟩ directions, respectively. In the channel region, the ⟨110⟩ compressive strain is higher at the fin sidewalls and lower near the fin center, while the ⟨001⟩ compressive strain is lower at the sidewalls and higher near the center.
On the Two-User MISO Interference Channel With Single-User Decoding: Impact of Imperfect CSIT and Channel Dimension Reduction

This paper examines the Rayleigh fading multiple-input single-output interference channel with single-user decoding and limited channel state information (CSI) feedback. Its contribution is twofold. First, the achievable rate-region with imperfect CSI at the transmitters due to channel quantization errors is analyzed for the two-user case. An analytically tractable inner bound on that region is derived, which provides insights into the problem. Similarly to the case of perfect CSI at the transmitters, it can be shown that beamforming constitutes an optimal strategy for achieving the boundary points of the inner bound. Second, we present a novel CSI feedback scheme that reduces the cross-link CSI feedback overhead, and enhances throughput for any rate-limited feedback scheme. This feedback reduction is crucial when control channels for sharing information between transmitters and unintended receivers are rate limited. A distinguishing feature of the proposed scheme is that feedback is taken into account already at the channel estimation stage. While maintaining a high array gain in the direct channel towards the intended user, the scheme induces an effective low-dimensional cross-link channel, which can be quantized more accurately than the full-dimensional channel. This eventually leads to enhanced performance while maintaining a low CSI feedback overhead. Finally, the proposed feedback scheme is extended to the case of $N>2$ users and shown to provide a significant reduction in CSI feedback overhead in a practically oriented setting.
Microbiome Dysbiosis: A Pathological Mechanism at the Intersection of Obesity and Glaucoma

The rate at which obesity is becoming an epidemic in many countries is alarming. Obese individuals have a high risk of developing elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma. Additionally, glaucoma is a disease of epidemic proportions. It is characterized by neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation with optic neuropathy and the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). On the other hand, there is growing interest in microbiome dysbiosis, particularly in the gut, which has been widely acknowledged to play a prominent role in the etiology of metabolic illnesses such as obesity. Recently, studies have begun to highlight the fact that microbiome dysbiosis could play a critical role in the onset and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in the development and progression of several ocular disorders. In obese individuals, gut microbiome dysbiosis can induce endotoxemia and systemic inflammation by causing intestinal barrier malfunction. As a result, bacteria and their metabolites could be delivered via the bloodstream or mesenteric lymphatic vessels to ocular regions at the level of the retina and optic nerve, causing tissue degeneration and neuroinflammation. Nowadays, there is preliminary evidence for the existence of brain and intraocular microbiomes. The altered microbiome of the gut could perturb the resident brain–ocular microbiome ecosystem which, in turn, could exacerbate the local inflammation. All these processes, finally, could lead to the death of RGC and neurodegeneration. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the recent evidence on the role of gut microbiome dysbiosis and related inflammation as common mechanisms underlying obesity and glaucoma.
Spatial coherence properties of electroluminescence from Alq3-based organic light emitting diodes

We report the measurement of spatial coherence properties of light emitted by organic electroluminescent devices based on tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum. Coherence measurements were performed using Young’s double slit experiment. Fourier-transform technique was used for the measurement of visibility of the interference fringes from which the modulus of the degree of spatial coherence was determined. Experimental results were compared with the theoretical values and it is shown that the coherence properties of the light emitted by a simple organic light emitting device match with those of practical Lambertian sources.
Automatic Tuning TLP and DVFS for EDP with a Non-intrusive Genetic Algorithm Framework

New applications have been pushing multithreaded processing to another level of performance and energy requirements. However, many aspects prevent linear improvements when exploiting Thread-level parallelism (TLP), which means that not always using the maximum number of available cores running at the highest possible operating frequency will deliver the best performance or energy consumption. Therefore, it is possible to improve these non-functional requirements by tuning the number of threads and the Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) of the processor. However, applications with distinct behaviors comprise many parallel regions, which will be executed on systems with a different number of cores that run within a large range of operating frequencies. Given this exponential behavior, such problem cannot be efficiently solved by any exhaustive search method. In this scenario, this work proposes to use a Genetic Algorithm to statically find the best configuration for any OpenMP parallel application, aiming to optimize performance and energy. Our framework is totally non-intrusive, which means that the design space exploration can be performed without any changes to the source or binary codes, so even already compiled code can be optimized. Considering eight benchmarks, we improve EDP by 20.4% on average.
Voyager measurements of the isotopic composition of cosmic-ray aluminum and implications for the propagation of cosmic rays

We report a new measurement of the cosmic-ray isotopic composition of aluminum in the low-energy range form 75 to 206 MeV per nucleon.This measurement was made using the high-energy telescope of the CRS experiment on the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft during the time period from 1977 to 1993 with an average solar modulation level about 497 MV, roughly the same as at Earth near sunspot minimum. We obtain approximately 430 Al events of which approximately 35 are Al-26 and 395 are Al-27. The Al isotopes were separated with an average mass resolution sigma of 0.35 amu. Our interpretation of the isotopic composition of cosmic-ray aluminum is based on a standard Leaky-Box model for the interstellar propagation of cosmic-ray nuclei using the latest cross sections of the New Mexico-Saclay collaboration as well as a disk-halo diffusion model. From our observed ratio Al-26/Al-27 of 8.3 +/- 2.4 % we deduce an average interstellar density of about 0.52 (+0.26, -0.2) atoms per cu cm. This density is larger than the value of 0.28 (+0.14, -0.11) atoms per cu cm we found from an analysis of the observed abundance of the longer lived Be-10 made using data from the Voyager detectors over almost the same time interval and using essentially the same propagation program.
Performance of Modified Test Statistics in Covariance and Correlation Structure Analysis Under Conditions of Multivariate Nonnormality

Questions of whether hypothesized structure models are appropriate representations of the pattern of association among a group of variables can be addressed using a wide variety of statistical procedures. These procedures include covariance structure analysis techniques and correlation structure analysis techniques, in which covariance structure procedures are based on distribution theory for covariances, and correlation structure procedures are based on distribution theory for correlations. The present article provides an overview of standard and modified normal theory and asymptotically distribution-free covariance and correlation structure analysis techniques and also details Monte Carlo simulation results on the Type I and Type II error control as a function of structure model type, number of variables in the model, sample size, and distributional nonnormality. The present Monte Carlo simulation demonstrates clearly that the robustness and nonrobustness of structure analysis techniques vary as a function of the structure of the model and the data conditions. Implications of these results for users of structure analysis techniques are considered in the context of current software availability.
Electron-beam induced photoresist shrinkage influence on 2D profiles

For many years, lithographic resolution has been the main obstacle in keeping the pace of transistor densification to meet Moore's Law. For the 32 nm node and beyond, new lithography techniques will be used, including immersion ArF (iArF) lithography and extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). As in the past, these techniques will use new types of photoresists with the capability to print smaller feature widths and pitches. Also, such smaller feature sizes will require thinner layers of photoresists, such as under 100 nm. In previous papers, we focused on ArF and iArF photoresist shrinkage. We evaluated the magnitude of shrinkage for both R&D and mature resists as a function of chemical formulation, lithographic sensitivity, scanning electron microscope (SEM) beam condition, and feature size. Shrinkage results were determined by the well accepted methodology described in ISMI's CD-SEM Unified Specification. A model for resist shrinkage, while derived elsewhere, was presented, that can be used to curve-fit to the shrinkage data resulting from multiple repeated measurements of resist features. Parameters in the curve-fit allow for metrics quantifying total shrinkage, shrinkage rate, and initial critical dimension (CD) before e-beam exposure. With these parameters and exhaustive measurements, a fundamental understanding of the phenomenology of the shrinkage trends was achieved, including how the shrinkage behaves differently for different sized features. This work was extended in yet another paper in which we presented a 1-D model for resist shrinkage that can be used to curve-fit to shrinkage curves. Calibration of parameters to describe the photoresist material and the electron beam were all that were required to fit the model to real shrinkage data, as long as the photoresist was thick enough that the beam could not penetrate the entire layer of resist. In this paper, we extend this work yet again to a 2-D model of a trapezoidal photoresist profile. This model thus allows CD shrinkage in thin photoresist to be solved, which is now of great interest for upcoming realistic lithographic processing. It also allows us to predict the change in resist profile with electron dose and the influence of initial resist profile on shrinkage characteristics. In this work, the results from the previous paper will be shown to be consistent with numerically simulated results, thus lending credibility to these papers' postulations. Also, results from this 2-D profile model can also give clues as to how we might, in the future, model the shrinkage of contour edges of 3-D shapes. With these findings, we can conclude with observations about the readiness of SEM metrology for the challenges of future photoresist measurement, as well as estimate the errors involved in calculating the original CD from the shrinkage trend.
PR ] 6 D ec 2 01 1 AFFINE PROCESSES ON SYMMETRIC CONES by Christa Cuchiero

— We consider affine Markov processes taking values in convex cones. In particular, we characterize all affine processes taking values in an irreducible symmetric cone in terms of certain Lévy-Khintchine triplets. This is the complete classification of affine processes on these conic state spaces, thus extending the theory of Wishart processes on positive semidefinite matrices, as put forward by Bru (1991).