Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Public political tolerance of the far right in contemporary Western Europe

Abstract Political initiatives promoting a far-right agenda have gained significant political influence in Western European democracies. This has occurred despite apparent broad-based public rejection of Europe’s Nazi past. This is a puzzle, since there are affinities between the old and the new far right. This article addresses that puzzle. Theoretically, the article distinguishes between broad and narrow interpretations of what it means to reject Europe’s Nazi past. Empirically, it shows how a well-established survey experimental template reveals substantive variations in public political tolerance of the far right. For citizens in five key Western European democracies, rejecting the Nazi past only means rejecting initiatives explicitly identified as neo-Nazi. For other far-right initiatives, political tolerance is more common and increases in accordance with these initiatives’ institutionalisation in the party system. For far-right parties fully institutionalised in the party system, public political tolerance is at the same level as for other political parties.
The Intersection of Personality Traits and Social Media Usage: Large-Scale Representative Samples of Internet Users in Sweden

This paper aims to explore the relationship between the Big Five model of personality traits and social media usage in a Swedish context. The paper consists of three representative studies of the Swedish population in the age range 16 to 85. In Study 1 (N = 6542), the Big Five personality factors were measured by HP5i. In Study 2 (N = 3322) and Study 3 (N = 3302), the Big Five personality factors were measured by BFI-10. Different personality inventories and time periods for data collection were the basis for the breakdown of the studies. In all three studies, social media usage was measured by a self-reported estimation of frequencies. For each study, correlation matrixes between the study variables were first presented, followed by hierarchical regression analyses to test if personality factors predicted internet users’ social media usage. Gender and age were control variables. Over and above the effects of gender and age, all three studies found that social media usage is positively associated with extraversion. The first two studies also found that social media usage is associated with a high degree of openness to experiences and a low degree of conscientiousness. The reliability of the findings is strengthened through different personality inventories, large-scale representative samples of the Swedish population, and replications over time. However, since personality and social media usage vary between different cultures and time periods, caution should be taken in generalizing the results.
Presenteeism in front-line physicians involved in COVID-19-related clinical practice: a national survey of employed physician members of the Japan Medical Association

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have increased the rate of presenteeism among front-line physicians. Presenteeism is the term used to describe attendance at work despite ill health that would normally prompt rest or absence from work. This study aimed to examine the associations between COVID-19 clinical practice and presenteeism among physicians. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022. The questionnaires were distributed to 21,737 employed physicians who were members of the Japan Medical Association. Presenteeism was measured by the Work Functioning Impairment Scale. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between COVID-19 clinical practice and presenteeism. Results Overall, 3,968 participants were included in the analysis, and presenteeism was observed in 13.9% of them. The rate of presenteeism significantly increased with both the number of COVID-19 patients treated and the percentage of work time spent treating these patients (both P values for trend < 0.001). In comparison to those not currently engaged in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, presenteeism was significantly higher among front-line (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–2.53) and second-line physicians supporting those in the front-line (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.17–1.78). There was no association between involvement in COVID-19 vaccination services and presenteeism. Conclusions The burden on front-line and second-line physicians in COVID-19 clinical practice must be minimized. Employed physicians also need to recognize the importance of communicating with their workplaces about presenteeism. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.22-00194.
A Prosociality Paradox: How Miscalibrated Social Cognition Creates a Misplaced Barrier to Prosocial Action

Behaving prosocially can increase well-being among both those performing a prosocial act and those receiving it, and yet people may experience some reluctance to engage in direct prosocial actions. We review emerging evidence suggesting that miscalibrated social cognition may create a psychological barrier that keeps people from behaving as prosocially as would be optimal for both their own and others’ well-being. Across a variety of interpersonal behaviors, those performing prosocial actions tend to underestimate how positively their recipients will respond. These miscalibrated expectations stem partly from a divergence in perspectives, such that prosocial actors attend relatively more to the competence of their actions, whereas recipients attend relatively more to the warmth conveyed. Failing to fully appreciate the positive impact of prosociality on others may keep people from behaving more prosocially in their daily lives, to the detriment of both their own and others’ well-being.
Significant Reversal of Facial Wrinkle, Pigmented Spot and Roughness by Daily Application of Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate-Containing Skin Products for 12 Months—An 11-Year Longitudinal Skin Aging Rejuvenation Study

Facial skin aging is an important psychophysical and social concern, especially in women. We compared facial parameters reflecting aging of the skin in 1999 and 2010 in 86 female volunteers. Then, all subjects applied three Galactomyces ferment filtrate-containing skin care products (G3 products; SK-II Facial Treatment Essence, SK-II Cellumination Essence, and SK-II Skin Signature Cream) twice daily for 12 months (M), with the skin parameters being measured at 2 M, 8 M, and 12 M during this period. Facial skin aging parameters such as wrinkles, hyperpigmented spots, and roughness significantly deteriorated during the 11-year interval. This 11-year aging process was associated with reduced hydration and increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Notably, treatment with G3 products significantly and cumulatively increased skin hydration with a correlated reduction of TEWL during the 12 M treatment period. Such treatment also significantly and cumulatively reversed the 11-year facial skin aging in the three parameters of wrinkles, spots, and roughness. These results suggest that facial skin retains the potential to recover from the aging process when it is applied with appropriate cosmetic agents.
Connecting Feelings of School Belonging to High School Students’ Friendship Quality Profiles

Utilizing a person-centered approach, the present study explored 614 adolescents’ reports of self-disclosure, help, conflict, and conflict resolution with a close friend to investigate variability in profiles of friendship quality, whether gender and gender homophily and ethnicity homophily of friends are associated with profile membership, and how the profiles relate to feelings of school belonging. A latent profile analysis revealed three profiles of friendship: an ideal friendship profile (25.57% of the sample), a realistic friendship profile (54.56%), and a somewhat problematic friendship profile (19.87%). Compared to adolescents in the somewhat problematic profile, female adolescents were more likely to have a realistic or ideal friendship profile than males. Adolescents with ideal and realistic friendship profiles reported the highest feelings of school belonging; those in the somewhat problematic profile reported the lowest school belonging. The advantages of attending to profiles that incorporate multiple dimensions of friendship quality to understanding the social and academic experiences of adolescents are discussed.
Environmental learning across generations: spontaneous encounters and interactions between young children, mothers and teachers

ABSTRACT While research demonstrates that family and school dynamics play a role in shaping children’s behaviour, little is known about the actual and potential bi-directional influences young children have on their teachers’ and mothers’ environmental learning. This study begins to fill this gap in early childhood education for sustainability (ECEfS) research by recognising young children as agents of intergenerational learning for sustainability. It explores the ways in which young children (aged 4–7 years), in Malta, influence the way mothers and teachers learn about the environment and environmental issues. Socio-cultural and ecological theoretical perspectives framed this research. Designed within an interpretive methodology, this qualitative multiple case study generated data through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with children, mothers and teachers, and document analysis, thus enabling the triangulation of data. Findings revealed instances of intergenerational environmental learning between children and adults (teachers and mothers), and vice versa. The implications of these findings in relation to ECEfS are explored. New approaches to support intergenerational environmental learning at familial, school and societal levels, starting in early childhood, are discussed. Lastly, areas for further research are identiﬁed.
Isometric Strength of Powerlifters in Key Positions of the Conventional Deadlift

bench press and deadlift. For each event, the ultimate goal is to lift as much weight as is possible. In the deadlift, a lifter lifts the barbell off of the floor until standing upright. The lift is finished upon extending the knees and hips with scapula retracted. Two styles of the deadlift are used in competition. The sumo style uses a wide foot stance, upright posture, and a grip width that is narrower than the feet.1 Conversely, the conventional style deadlift uses a narrow foot stance, generally a more bent-over posture, and a grip outside of the legs. Three key phases have been identified in the literature for the conventional deadlift.2-4 The first phase, or lift-off, occurs when the lifter first applies force to the bar and the bar rises off of the floor. The second phase, knee passing, occurs when the bar moves from below to above the knee. The third phase, or lift completion, occurs when the lifter transitions into a full upright position. While these specific regions of the deadlift are known, little has been done to examine how each position might contribute to deadlift performance. The most disadvantageous position represents a limiting factor in overall performance, thus identification of this position may lead to better training prescriptions. To the authors’ knowledge, no literature exists that assesses the force generation capabilities of lifters in these phases of the deadlift, however in a number of studies examining the isometric mid thigh pull (MTP), a weightlifting-specific position, a variety of athletes produced high levels of peak forces.5-7 Peak force measured in these studies showed moderate to strong relationships with dynamic mid-thigh pulls, jumps and a number of other dynamic measures. Therefore, since little is known about the force generation capabilities of lifters in the key phases of the deadlift, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the isometric maximum strength of powerlifters in bar positions corresponding to key phases of the deadlift and also to compare those positions to the MTP, given the strong relationship the MTP shares with a variety of dynamic measures.
The value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance whole-body scans and local enhancement scans in the preoperative staging and resectability assessment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Background In addition to contrast-enhanced multiphase computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), integrated positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance (MR) is increasingly being used for the preoperative evaluation of pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the value of hybrid 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/MR imaging in preoperative assessment and treatment decision-making. Methods A retrospective data collection (of imaging, clinical, and pathological information) was conducted on patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/MR with clinically diagnosed or suspected pancreatic cancer from March 2018 to March 2022 in Ruijin Hospital. The data of 76 patients were initially included, with 1 of the 76 patients eventually being excluded due to a misdiagnosis of inflammatory disease. Of the 75 patients, 38 underwent pancreatic tumor resection and 10 underwent laparoscopic exploration. The accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/MR for pancreatic cancer staging and the assessment of pancreatic resectability was evaluated based on pathological results, intraoperative findings, and documented final clinical stages of illness. The adjustments to patient treatment plans were also analyzed before and after 18F-FDG PET/MR examination. Results The accuracy of clinical tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging of pancreatic cancer by 18F-FDG PET/MR was 73.3% (55/75). The area under the curve (AUC) of 18F-FDG PET/MR for diagnosing the advanced stage (III–IV) versus the nonadvanced stage (I–II) of disease was 0.922 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.852–0.993]. The treatment regimen of 20.0% (15/75) of patients was impacted. The accuracy of the evaluation of the resectability of pancreatic cancer with 18F-FDG PET/MR was 91.9% (34/37). With the surgical and pathological results being used as a reference, the overall accuracy of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/MR for T staging was 62.2%, and the AUC for diagnosing T4 versus T1–3 was 0.872 (95% CI: 0.660–1.000). Conclusions 18F-FDG PET/MR performs well in diagnosing advanced pancreatic cancer and thus may impact the treatment decisions for a considerable number of patients. 18F-FDG PET/MR has a high level of accuracy in evaluating the resectability of pancreatic cancer before surgery.
Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases, in Patients with Cardiac Issues, and in the Healthy Population

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a challenge for the whole world since the beginning of 2020, and COVID-19 vaccines were considered crucial for disease eradication. Instead of producing classic vaccines, some companies pointed to develop products that mainly function by inducing, into the host, the production of the antigenic protein of SARS-CoV-2 called Spike, injecting an instruction based on RNA or a DNA sequence. Here, we aim to give an overview of the safety profile and the actual known adverse effects of these products in relationship with their mechanism of action. We discuss the use and safety of these products in at-risk people, especially those with autoimmune diseases or with previously reported myocarditis, but also in the general population. We debate the real necessity of administering these products with unclear long-term effects to at-risk people with autoimmune conditions, as well as to healthy people, at the time of omicron variants. This, considering the existence of therapeutic interventions, much more clearly assessed at present compared to the past, and the relatively lower aggressive nature of the new viral variants.
Free convection in laterally solidifying mushy regions

An analysis is presented of the lateral solidification of a semi-infinite mushy region influenced by vertical, buoyancy-driven convection of the residual, interstitial melt. We consider a parameter regime in which the flow is steady on the time scale of the transient evolution of the mushy region. Our idealized model predicts patterns of macrosegregation consistent with earlier experimental studies and sheds light on the mechanisms involved.
Donor neutralization in GaAs(Si) by atomic hydrogen

Hydrogen plasma exposure of n‐type GaAs(Si) at 250 °C results in a decrease of the free‐carrier concentration by several orders of magnitude. This neutralization effect has been demonstrated in silicon‐doped layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy or formed by annealed implants as well as in bulk material. The same effect is produced electrochemically (H3PO4 electrolyte), whereas helium plasma exposure has no effect, thus confirming the role of hydrogen insertion. The hydrogen penetration depth into GaAs(Si) is inversely dependent on the Si concentration. Recovery of the electrical activity follows first order dissociation kinetics with a dissociation energy of 2.1 eV. Complete restoration of free‐carrier concentration occurs by heating at 420 °C for less than 3 min. Extrapolated to low temperatures, these results imply many years of stability at 150 °C or below.
Prédire la position de l'adjectif épithète en français : approche quantitative

The paper provides a quantitative study (on the syntax) of the placement alternation for the adjective within the noun phrase in French. Taking the hypothesis that position constraints are mostly preferential as a starting point, we develop a methodology based on statistical inference in order to provide a formal account of the relative importance of three different groups of constraints: combinatorial, frequency and length, and lexical constraints. The study highlights the clear importance of lexical constraints for deciding the effective position of the adjective within the noun phrase. We conclude the paper by bringing some elements of discussion for two issues: the interaction between lexicon and grammar (or storage versus computation) and the underlying methodology for a probability-based study of syntax.
Pediatric Dental Fluorosis and Its Correlation with Dental Caries and Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study among Preschool Children Living in Belagavi

Aim: This study aims to assess the prevalence of dental fluorosis and its association with dental caries, oral health behaviors, oral-health-related quality of life and parents’ perceptions among preschool children in the 3–5-year-old preschool children living in the Belagavi district of Karnataka, a non-endemic fluorosis region. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 1200 individuals of the preschool population from 48 government-sponsored child-care development centers in Belagavi, Karnataka, over a three-month period. They were examined following the Dean’s fluorosis index (1942) and dmft (decayed, missed, and filled) scores of the participants were also recorded. Parents’ perception of oral health was assessed using the self-administered Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). SPSS software (version 20) was used for statistical analysis. Chi-square test computed categorical data. One-way ANOVA test was used for multiple group comparisons. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 1200 children examined, 10 (0.83%) children exhibited dental fluorosis. Of the 10 children having fluorosis, six had fluorosis present on two or more of their primary teeth, and four had fluorosis on four or more teeth. The mean dmft score was 3.01 ± 1.38 to 3.60 ± 1.72 in 3–5-year-old children, respectively, with statistical significance difference (p < 0.001). The mean score of oral health-related quality of life was 10.74 ± 2.06, which was significantly correlated to the child’s age and parents’ education level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study shows a negligible amount of prevalence of dental fluorosis in the non-endemic fluorosis residential district. It also elucidates that children from lower and lower-middle socioeconomic status are more prone to suffer from dental fluorosis as compared to other groups. The mean score of ECOHIS increased proportionally with the caries experience, indicating a significant relationship between the dmft and ECOHIS score. Deciduous dentition fluorosis is often neglected, especially in areas that are not considered endemic for fluorosis and with only optimum fluoride levels in their groundwater, which supports the disease’s nature as multi-factorial and shows that a broader perspective is of prime importance to assess, diagnose, and prevent dental fluorosis among the preschoolers, thereby appraising their overall health and hygiene status.
Wasserstein Distance-Based Full-Waveform Inversion With a Regularizer Powered by Learned Gradient

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful technique for building high-quality subsurface geological structures. It is known to suffer from local minima problems when a good starting model is lost. To obtain a desirable solution, regularization constraints are needed to impose suitable priors, in particular for salt models. Recent studies have allowed cooperating the denoising operator as a specific prior with optimization algorithms to effectively solve various image reconstruction tasks. Inspired by the promising performance of regularization by denoising (RED), we propose a flexible unsupervised learning FWI framework, in which the regularizer is an extensive variant of RED powered by learned gradient for addressing salt models’ inversion. To further mitigate local minima issues, the Wasserstein distance induced by the optimal transport (OT) theory with a new preprocessing transformation is applied as a measure in data domain. Integrating the physical constraints featured by the wave equation and the model priors featured by the deep convolutional neural network (CNN), our method is able to produce measurement consistent and high-resolution results. We experimentally compare the proposed method with the traditional total variation regularized FWI and RED regularized FWI on the well-known geological models. The numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for handling the inversion task of high-contrast media in the presence of a free-surface case. Moreover, our framework is adaptive to restrict the solutions by leveraging the regularizer with learned gradient, whose training does not need any geological images, thus paving the way to develop FWI algorithms with state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) techniques in interdisciplinary research.
Robot-assisted versus conventional laparoscopic radical hysterectomy in cervical cancer stage IB1

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare survival outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (RRH) and conventional laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) in cervical cancer stage IB1. Method: This is a retrospective study of patients with cervical cancer stage IB1 who surgically treated by either RRH or LRH. Oncologic outcomes of the patients were compared according to surgical approach. Results: In total, 66 and 29 patients were assigned to LRH and RRH groups. All patients had stage IB1 disease (FIGO 2018). Intermediate risk factors (tumor size, LVSI, and deep stromal invasion), proportion of patients receiving adjuvant therapy (30.3% vs. 13.8%, p = 0.09), and median follow-up time (LRH, 61 months; RRH, 50 months; p=0.085) did not differ significantly between the two groups. The recurrence rate was higher in the LRH group; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.250). DFS (55.4 vs 48.2 months, p = 0.250), and OS (61.2 vs 50.0 months, p = 0.287) were similar between the LRH and RRH groups. Conclusion: In patients with a tumor size < 2 cm, the recurrence rate was lower in RRH group; however, there was no significant difference. Further large-scale RCTs and clinical studies are required to provide relevant data.