Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Women’s Beliefs about the Utilization of Antenatal Services and their Determinants: A Qualitative Study in Three Townships of Chin State, Myanmar

Although the health care resources in Chin State are comparable to those in other regions, the indicators of maternal health status there are the poorest in Myanmar. While the Myanmar government has initiated health care system reforms, the increase in service capacity alone is a necessary but insufficient condition to improve access. Because the effectiveness of antenatal care is critical in terms of reducing maternal mortality and serious morbidity, this study determines how women’s beliefs affect the utilization of antenatal services. The qualitative study analyzes in - depth interviews with 25 women who had given birth during the past year in both rural and urban areas of three townships in Chin State. The results show that women ’ s beliefs strongly influence the utilization of antenatal services. The women did not recognize pregnancy risks or the benefits of antenatal services. They also did not trust the staff in the formal health care sector, and their trust in traditional birth attendants served as a barrier to utilization of antenatal service. To improve utilization, policymakers must understand the sociocultural context of women, as well as their beliefs and trust related to antenatal care, and should design policy to address the relevant influencing factors.
Epidemiology of Traumatic Spinal Injury: A 15-Year Retrospective Study of 1092 Cases

Background: Spinal trauma is a well‑documented problem in developed countries but literature has been mute on this problem in developing counties. The purpose of this study was to elucidate epidemiological characteristics of spine trauma in our center over a 15-year period. Methods: All consecutive patients with acute spinal trauma who were admitted in our center from March 2003 to March 2018 were included. The analysis was focused on patient-related demographic characteristics, cause and mechanism of injury, level and type of injury, neurological deficit, associated injuries, management and outcome. All of the statistical calculations were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Statistical analyses were conducted using the Student t-test and nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test). Values for p<0.05 were regarded as statistically significant and all confidence intervals were expressed at 95%. Results: A total of 1,092 patients with acute traumatic spinal injuries were managed in our trauma center. There were 74.3% males and 25.7% females with mean age 34.5 years. Young adults (age group: 18-39 years) were more affected with 58.9%. The leading mechanism of injury was compression with 39.2%. The most common cause of accident was motor vehicle collision accident (58.5%) followed by high-energy falls (32.6%). Six hundred eighty-seven patients (62.8%) had spinal cord injury, with 14.4% complete tetraplegia and 7.7% complete paraplegia. Overall, the use of operative treatment (64.8%) exceeded that of conservative treatment (35.2%). Conclusion: This study’s unique feature of delineating variables with statistical significance trending toward better management provides useful data to guide future researches, benchmarking, public health policy, and efficient resource allocation for the management of spine trauma.
Row ratio in maize (Zea mays) - legume intercropping in temperate valley condition

A field investigation was carried out during kharif 1995-96 on silty-clay loam soils of Shalimar to select out the compatible pulse crop for intercropping with maize and to find out suitable row ratio of maize and in intercropping system. Studies indicated that frencnchbean (Phaseolus-vulgaris-L.) was found better than greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.) for intereropping with maize. The row ratio of 1 : 2 (maize-frenchbean) attained maximum grain yield, maize equivalent and land equivalent ratio (1.61). Results also revealed that association of frenchbean with maize crop improved availability of residual nitrogen in the soil and proved profitable with highest benelit:cost ratio (1.87).
The experiences of grandparents raising grandchildren in Indonesia

PurposeThe raising of grandchildren by grandparents is a global phenomenon, and it is common in Indonesia. This is because parents are often unable or unwilling to raise their own children. However, the debate around “grandparenting” is still limited in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the experience and views of grandparents on “grandparenting. ”Design/methodology/approachThe methodology employed was qualitative and informed by phenomenology. The authors conducted in-depth interviews with 13 grandparents who were raising their grandchildren who were under five years old. The data were analyzed using thematic content analysis.Findings5 main themes and 13 subthemes emerged from the analysis of the data. The themes were responses, strategies for overcoming negative responses, the grandparents’ role, the reason for raising grandchildren, and the cultural aspect of “grandparenting” in Java. All of the grandparents enjoyed their roles as grandparents. They felt that they helped fulfill their grandchildren’s physical and educational needs.Social implicationsThe experience of raising a grandchild can be both positive and negative, depending on the cultural aspects in the Java and the family as a whole system. Grandparents require healthcare and informal support to maintain their well-being.Originality/valueThis paper provides new insights into “grandparenting” closely related to social and cultural aspect within the community. Grandparents enjoy being a part of the Javanese tradition. The supportive role of grandparents in Indonesia is important. However, older adults need to balance the role of “grandparenting” and rest time so that they remain healthy and happy.
Autism spectrum disorders co-morbidities and treatment approaches

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders, a complex clinical syndrome with different etiologies and pathogeneses, and is almost always accompanied by co-morbid conditions. In this short review, we address the most frequent neurological/psychiatric and somatic co-morbidities, and the latest evidence-based treatment options for these co-morbidities from the literature. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders, and a complex clinical syndrome with different etiologies and pathogeneses. There is significant clinical and phenotypic heterogeneity associated with ASD, which is not a discrete condition, but rather is part of a broader spectrum of neurodevelopmental conditions, as symptoms of autism almost never occur in isolation. In addition, there are a number of psychiatric, neurologic and somatic co-morbidities, that need to be understood and addressed in order to improve clinical outcome. *Correspondence to: Xue-Jun Kong, Synapse Program, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA, Tel: 617-726-9439; E-mail: Xkong1@mgh.harvard. edu
Mycorrhiza-induced resistance against Thielaviopsis basicola in the ornemental crop Petunia hybrida

Petunia hybrida is an ornamental crop of high economic interest but diverse root pathogens can cause high ¬losses, especially in soilless greenhouse production systems, and their control by conventional methods implies an excessive use of pesticides. A more sustainable horticulture requires alternative methods to counter these chemical inputs. The introduction of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), known to reduce a number of root diseases in other plant species, into the production itinerary could form an integral part of an appropriate strategy. However, mycorrhizal effects against soil-borne pathogens are not always predictable and mechanisms behind the protective effects of mycorrhiza are largely unknown. In this context, mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR) was studied in P. hybrida in an inert soilless substrate, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated.After testing different soil-borne pathogenic fungi causing disease in petunia nursery production, Thielaviopsis basicola was selected as a model pathosystem. Three AM fungal species were evaluated for their ability to protect petunia against T. basicola; only Glomus mosseae BEG 12 turned out to reduce disease symptoms and pathogen spread in roots. Split root experiments showed that this protective effect was systemic and could be induced in non-mycorrhizal parts of mycorrhizal root systems, in agreement with previous studies in other plant pathosystems. The AM fungus, moreover, reduced the amount of phosphate fertiliser input fivefold, and provides tolerance against high salt concentrations in the horticultural substrate.In order to gain insight into molecular mechanisms involved in the MIR to T. basicola in petunia roots, hypotheses were tested by analysing the expression patterns of plant genes which are involved in various pathways of known plant defence responses. Nine genes related to the jasmonic acid pathway of induced systemic resistance (ISR) by plant growth promoting bacteria and three genes activated by salicylic acid, a key molecule in systemic acquired resistance (SAR), were selected. Expression profiles of these genes indicated that local MIR to T. basicola in petunia roots does not primarily involve either pathway, whilst systemic MIR in this pathosystem could include elements of both SAR and ISR. The activation of seven AM-related genes was unaffected by T. basicola infection of mycorrhizal petunia roots showing that the pathogen does not affect symbiotic functionality. Results suggest that the part of the symbiotic cell programme covering AM-regulated plant defence genes may constitutively contribute to the expression of local MIR; the role of such genes in this phenomenon merits further attention and analyses
The Impact of Healing Touch on Stress Levels in Hospital Nurses: A Quasi-Experimental Pilot Study

6 Introduction . 7 Research Purpose . 10 Literature Review . 12 Hospital Nursing . 12 Stress . 15 Stress Management . 18 Healthy Work Environments . 21 Healing Touch . 22 Summary and Research Question . 26 Lenses . 28 Research Paradigm and Culture of Inquiry . 28 Theoretical Lenses . 30 Personal and Professional Lenses . 32 Method . 40 Rationale for Quasi-Experimental Method . 40 Sampling . 42 Instrumentation . 43 Data Collection . 49 Data Analysis . 50 Ethical Considerations . 52 Design Rigor, Reliability, and Validity . 54 Limitations . 56 Results . 59 HEALING TOUCH, STRESS AND NURSES 3 Description of Participants . 59 Observational Data . 59 Quantitative Data . 60 Qualitative Data . 63 Discussion . 68 Findings supported by literature . 68 Unanticipated Findings . 70 Confounding Variables . 70 Implications . 71 Conclusion . 74 References . 76 APPENDICES . 89 Appendix A . Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix B . 90 Appendix C . 92 Appendix D . 98 Appendix E . 99 Appendix F . 100 Appendix G . 101 Appendix H . 103 Appendix I . 104 Appendix J . 106 Appendix K . 107 Appendix L . 108 HEALING TOUCH, STRESS AND NURSES 4
Drug utilization study of bronchial asthma in adults at rural hospital

Background: Asthma is rather a clinical syndrome than a disease with availability wide range of medications. Drug utilization studies are necessary to improve prescribing pattern among physicians.Methods: The 250 study subjects were interviewed, and prescription data was recorded in a pre-designed case record form. The data was compiled using Microsoft excel and presented in a tabulated and graphical presentation.Results: Out of 250 study subjects most of the study subjects are between 61-70 years of age. Majority of subjects are males (58%). Out of 250, (49%) are found out to be smokers. Dust, smoke and pollen are found out to be most common allergen. Most common type of asthma was mild intermittent (134) study subjects. Socio-economic status of was found out to be lower middle class in majority (158 out of 250). Large number of study population is suffering from co-morbid conditions such as URTI and COPD. Salbutamol was most common single drug used for nebulization therapy and most common combination is salbutamol + ipatropium bromide + budesonide. Most common oral drug used are methylxanthines and most frequently used intravenous drugs are deriphylline and hydrocortisone. Various antibiotics are prescribed to majority of subjects, most common was amoxicillin + clavulanic acid combination. Most commonly suffered adverse drug reaction between study subjects were gastrointestinal disturbances.Conclusions: It is concluded that prescribing pattern for asthma at A.V. B.R. H. is not according to standard guidelines, hence it is need of the hour to encourage physicians to follow guidelines.
Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) pada Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) di Puskesmas Sukmajaya Tahun 2016

Kanker serviks merupakan penyakit kanker terbesar kedua pada wanita dengan estimasi 445.000 kasus baru (84% kasus baru di dunia) dan penyebab 87% kematian pada wanita di Negara berkembang. Hal ini disebabkan karena perilaku wanita yang tidak melakukan deteksi kanker serviks secara rutin, salah satunya dengan metode IVA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pemeriksaan IVA pada WUS di Puskesmas Sukmajaya tahun 2016. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang dan sebesar 146 responden ditetapkan sebagai sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik acak sederhana. Kuesioner digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku IVA sebagai variable dependen dan factor predisposisi (umur, status pernikahan, tingkat pengetahuan, tingkat pendidikan, sikap, status pekerjaan, tingkat sosial-ekonomi), factor pemungkin (akses informasi, keterjangkauan jarak, keterjangkauan biaya) serta factor penguat (dukungan keluarga, dukungan petugas kesehatan, dukungan kader kesehatan, penyuluhan) sebagai variable independen. Hasil analisis regresi logistic menunjukkan, faktor yang paling dominan menentukan perilaku IVA secara berurutan adalah tingkat pendidikan (OR=3,403), sedangkan factor lainnya sebagai factor protektif meliputi akses informasi (OR=0,272), dukungan petugas kesehatan (OR=0,163), sikap (OR=0,104) dan penghasilan WUS (OR=0,045). Hal tersebut menunjukkan perlunya peningkatan program promosi kesehatan berupa penyuluhan, sosialisasi dan konseling terutama untuk WUS yang berpendidikan tinggi. Kata kunci: IVA, pendidikan, perilaku, WUS
EFFECT OF NITROGEN RATE ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF WHEAT IN WILD OAT INFESTED CONDITION

Research was performed to evaluate nitrogen effect on wild oat-wheat competition. A field study was conducted in 2011 at Ahwaz, Khuzestan, Iran. Two levels of wild oat (presence and absence) as main factor and three rates of nitrogen as sub factor were studied using a split plot design with four replicates. Maximum plant height increased with nitrogen supply in weed free and wild oat presence condition. Wheat maximum height in weed free condition was more than those grown in wild oat competition. Wild oat height was increased more than wheat all nitrogen rate. The maximum height of wild oat was 128.82 cm at 150 kgNha -1 rate. Addition of nitrogen increased wild oat biomass production. The effect of nitrogen rate on the relative biomass showed nitrogen application reduced relative wheat biomass while relative wild oat biomass was increased. These results indicate that wild oat competitive effects on wheat may increase with N supply.
Social Structure, Land Use, and Food Availability in the Caribbean

This paper is concerned with the possible impact of certain social arrangements and cultural orientations on food crop production, food availability, and consumption habits. Since it is by now fairly well known and increasingly documented that it is the small-farm population that has traditionally been responsible for the greatest portion of domestic food crop production and for very significant percentages of export crop production, my attention will be concentrated on what might be called the small-farmer subculture: the extent to which it has been shaped by the fact of its evolution out of, and reaction to, the plantation economy, and, in turn, the extent to which it provides a framework for understanding the behaviour of the small producer. It should be noted that the word “peasantry” is not used here. This is quite deliberate, as it is a term that, in spite of its eighteenthand nineteenth-century associations, has too often been used indiscriminately to describe a wide variety of small-farmer behaviour, ranging from that of tribal agriculturalists in Africa, of remote corporate Indian communities in Latin American highlands, and of Asian small-farmers to that of the highly individualized family farm in pre-industrial Europe. The debate in the literature concerning what and who is a peasant has been long and involved and need not be discussed here. To be sure, there are certain common features shared by all small-scale tillers of the soil, many of whom utilize simple technologies and all of whom exist in a dependent and assymetrical relationship with centres of economic and political power outside their communities. However, there is one thing that sharply distinguishes Caribbean small farm society: as a set of social and economic relationships, the Caribbean smallfarm society came after and emerged from another mode of production, the plantation, which was industrial in its work organization, capitalist and commercial in its economic relations, and urban in its value orientations. The Caribbean “peasantry” is what Mintz has called a “reconstituted” peasantry (1). This has a number of implications, the most important of which are, as already indicated, the long exposure of small-farm communities to Western urban and commercial influences. Second, inasmuch as the small-farmer economy was a reaction against the plantation, there is persistent conflict between plantation and small-farmer over land, labour capital, and markets. The general point that needs to be borne in mind is that a small-farm population uses traditional tools and labour in a traditional way but not in a traditional environment (2). This alone produces many of the difficulties and much of the ambivalence to be found in this sector when it comes to introducing modern techniques and innovations.
Study of Midgut Bacteria in the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta Büren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Study of Midgut Bacteria in the Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta Büren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). (May 2010) Freder Medina, B. S. , Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. S. Bradleigh Vinson Dr. Craig J. Coates Ants are capable of building close associations with plants, insects, fungi and bacteria. Symbionts can provide essential nutrients to their insect host, however, the development of new molecular tools has allowed the discovery of new microorganisms that manipulate insect reproduction, development and even provide defense against parasitoids and pathogens. In this study we investigated the presence of bacteria inside the Red Imported Fire Ant midgut using molecular tools and transmission electron microscopy. The midgut bacteria were also characterized by their morphology, biochemical activity, and antibiotic resistance profile. After isolation, culture, and characterization of these bacteria, the molecular analysis revealed ten unique profiles which were identified to at least the genus level, Enterococcus sp. /durans, Klebsiella ornithinolytica, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Lactococcus garvieae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Bacillus pumilus, Listeria innucua, Serratia marcescens, and an uncultured bacterium from the Enterobacteriaceae. New SEM and TEM techniques revealed a possible functional association of endosymbiotic bacteria with the insect host, and it also showed the absence of
Classifying involuntary muscle contractions

of definitions for clinical terms. This is especially flagrant in descriptions of involuntary muscle contractions, including those referred to as movement disorders, in conscious patients. The same is true in human medicine, which therefore does not provide a reliable guide. In the following classification, we have chosen the most accepted medical dictionary definitions to provide a better understanding of involuntary, uncontrolled skeletal muscle contractions. Basic to this classification is that these involuntary muscle contractions occur in conscious patients. This c lassification excludes muscle contractions that are part of a seizure disorder. We are well aware that some movement disorders are difficult to differentiate from simple partial seizures in which the patient is still conscious. The box on page 517 outlines the classification of involuntary muscle contractions.
Identifying biosynthetic pathways for mycobacterial cell wall components using transposon mutagenesis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of the infectious disease tuberculosis, has a distinct lipid-rich cell wall. Several anti-TB drugs target cell wall biosynthetic pathways. A good understanding of its biosynthesis will provide helpful clues for the development of novel drug targets. A strategy based on random transposon (Tn) mutagenesis with two different screening criteria, altered colony morphology and mycobacteriophage resistance, was developed. Non-pathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis and the fish pathogen Mycobacterium marinum were used for generating Tn-mutant libraries. From the colony morphology screen, two out of eight genes identified from M. smegmatis Tn-mutants and eleven out of twenty from M. marinum Tn-mutants with altered colony morphology were directly involved in cell wall synthesis. One mutant from each species was chosen for further study, the M. smegmatis 3D9 Tn-mutant with the only isocitrate dehydrogenase (icd) gene disrupted and the M. marinum 8G10 mutant with a Tn inserted into the promoter region of MMAR0978 with a deficiency in methoxymycolates production. Four mutants resistant to generalised transducing phage I3 were identified with a Tn insertion in a gene cluster involved in the biosynthesis of the cell wall associated glycopeptidolipids (GPLs), demonstrating the potential of using phage-resistant mutants for identifying cell wall biosynthetic genes.