Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced Lung Function at Birth and the Risk of Asthma at 10 Years of Age

Håland G, Carlsen KC, Sandvik L, et al. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1682–1689 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY. To evaluate whether reduced lung function at birth predicts the development of asthma and markers of obstructive airway diseases by 10 years of age. STUDY POPULATION. A prospective cohort of 616 10-year-old Norwegian children from the Environmental and Childhood Asthma (ECA) study who were initially enrolled as healthy term infants and had undergone lung-function testing and passive respiratory mechanics evaluation shortly after birth. METHODS. Lung function at birth was measured by calculating the fraction of time to peak expiratory flow to total expiratory time (tPTEF/tE) on the basis of tidal breathing flow-volume loops. Respiratory mechanics at birth were assessed by calculating respiratory system compliance and resistance during passive maneuvers. Data at the 10-year follow-up were collected during 2 clinical visits including forced expiratory flow-volume loops, methacholine-challenge tests, a treadmill exercise test, and skin-prick testing for common inhalant and food allergens. Parents also completed a validated International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire on airway symptoms, asthma-medication use, and previous physician-diagnosed asthma. The follow-up assessments and interviews were blinded with regard to the lung-function measurements at birth. RESULTS. In this cohort, the prevalence of a history of asthma was 20.2%, and prevalence of current asthma was 11.1%. Children with a tPTEF/tE at or below the median at birth were more likely at 10 years of age to have a history of asthma (24.3% vs 16.2%; P = .01), current asthma (14.6% vs 7.5%; P = .005), severe bronchial hyperresponsiveness (9.1% vs 4.9%; P = .05), and inhaled corticosteroid use (5.9% vs 2.4%; P = .02). Children with respiratory system compliance at or below the median were more likely to have a history of asthma (27.4% vs 14.8%; P = .001) and current asthma (15.0% vs 7.7%; P = .009). Decreased lung-function measurements did not consistently correlate with percent predicted forced flow-volume loops and exercise testing. CONCLUSIONS. Reduced lung function at birth may be a risk factor for the development of asthma by 10 years of age. REVIEWER COMMENTS. Other studies to date have shown that infants with reduced lung function have an increased risk for wheezing and asthma in the first few years of life. This study suggests that measuring lung function at birth may be useful in predicting which infants will develop asthma by late childhood. Knowing these risks may allow for directed therapy and prevention.
The role of glacio-eustasy in sequence formation: Mid-Atlantic

article i nfo Article history: Previous studies of the Mid-Atlantic Continental Margin had shown the lack of correlation between Pleistocene glacio-eustatic oscillations and sequence boundaries. This study documents late Pleistocene to Holocene paleoenvironments within a seismic stratigraphic sequence in order to characterize sequence formation and the development of unconformities in response to glacio-eustatic oscillations. The data, high- resolution CHIRP subbottom profiling and 28 vibracores, were collected in water depths of 38 m to 145 m as part of the R/V Endeavor cruise 370 survey to the Mid-Atlantic Continental Margin. Sediment sources, sedimentary and seismic facies associated with the last major glaciation, and oxygen isotope stages OIS 5 to OIS 1 were examined and a chronology was constructed from mollusk assemblages of intertidal origin that allowed tracking the paleoshoreline from 19 to 6 ka BP. The maximum extent of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) paleoshoreline at 17 ka BP was documented near the 120 m modern isobath. The shoreline was marked by sediment mounds up to 5 m high and troughs 15 m deep and 1 km wide (interpreted as shoreface and tidal inlet or lagoons) formed from 17 to 15 ka BP. Five kilometers seaward from the LGM shoreline and the head of the Hudson Canyon is a wedge-shaped feature interpreted as a lowstand delta. Sediments older than the last glacial, possibly OIS 3 or OIS 5, onlap a basal
Shoulder instability: treating bone loss

Shoulder stabilizers are categorized as mid-range and end-range stabilizers. The mid-range stabilizers are the negative intraarticular pressure, the concavity-compression effect created by the glenoid concavity, muscle contraction forces across the glenohumeral joint, and scapular inclination. The end-range stabilizers are the capsuloligamentous structures, such as the superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments, which become tight at a specific end range. Glenoid bone loss is observed in 71–90% of shoulders with anterior instability. The critical size of glenoid bone loss is demonstrated to be 25% of the glenoid width. If the bony defect of the glenoid exceeds this critical size, either free bone grafting or coracoid transfer, such as the Latarjet procedure, is necessary. Hill-Sachs lesions also need to be taken into consideration. When the arm is moved along the end range of motion, the glenoid creates a contact zone on the humeral head (the glenoid track). If a Hill-Sachs lesion extends out of this glenoid track, there is a risk of engagement and dislocation. Therefore, a Hill-Sachs lesion that extends out of the glenoid track needs to be treated surgically. There are two methods: (1) covering the defect either with bone or soft tissue, or (2) limiting external rotation. In shoulders with an engaging Hill-Sachs lesion (the Hill-Sachs lesion extends medially over the medial margin of the glenoid track), treatment is required if a glenoid defect is equal to or greater than 25% of the glenoid width. If the Hill-Sachs lesion is still engaging after treatment of the glenoid defect, repair is indicated. If the glenoid defect is less than 25%, treatment for either the Hill-Sachs lesion or the glenoid defect is required.
Accidental risk analysis in three big waterfalls in Southern Laos

1. Finegold SM, Strong CA, McTeague M, Marina M. The importance of black‐pigmented gram‐negative anaerobes in human infections. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1993;6:77‐82. 2. Finegold SM. Anaerobic infections in humans: An overview. Anaerobe 1995;1:3‐9. 3. Tavana AM, Korachi M, Boote V, Hull PS, Love DN, Drucker DB. Phospholipid analogues of Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Appl Microbiol 2000;88:791‐9. 4. D r u c k e r D B , T a v a n a A M , B o o t e V , L o v e D N . I s Porphyromonas gingivalis heterogeneous? Rev Med Microbiol 1997;8(Suppl 1):S11‐2. 5. Tavana AM, Drucker DB, Boote V. Phospholipid molecular species distribution of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica ATCC 25260T: Effects of temperature, culture age and pH. J Appl Microbiol 1998;85:1029‐35. 6. Tavana AM. Isolation of P. corporis from oral cavity: What is the role of this bacterium in the mouth and other parts of the human body? Indian J Dent Res 2009;20:129. 7. Tavana AM. Heart failure and oral bacteria: How could be prevented? J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2010;1:161. Access this article online
Evaluation of the potential dietary impact of the implementation of nutritionally improved crops in rural areas of the department of Cesar (Colombia)

In Cesar, 30.7% of children under 5 years of age suffer from deficiencies of vitamin A, along with 13.4% for iron and 57.0% for zinc. Therefore, it is important to guarantee food security in the population through improvements in the nutritional quality of the offered food products. One alternative is the implementation of nutritionally improved crops. The production and consumption of four basic crops in the rural areas of five municipalities were characterized and compared to the implementation of the studied biofortified crops. Surveys regarding the purchase, consumption and production of cassava, bean, maize and rice were given to those responsible for food preparation and/or agricultural production in 90 families and was determined for these food ration consumed per person. In the week prior to the survey, 95.6% of the families consumed bean, 93.3% maize and 88.9% cassava and rice. The products mainly originated from purchases in the local store (bean and rice) or grown by the families (cassava). Cassava and maize were most commonly cultivated (71.1%), followed by bean (56.7%), maize (32.1%), and rice (2.2%). A 61.6% of the cultivated cassava, 23.5% of the maize, and 26.4% of the bean were destined for self-consumption, while the rest was sold or traded. Looking at the difference between the nutritional content of the biofortified products and the traditional and eating habits indicated that the substitution of the traditional varieties with the biofortified crops represented a possible intake increase of 44.59 mg/ person-day of iron, 24.05 mg/person-day of zinc, and 1.62 mg/ person-day of vitamin A. The substitution with and exclusive consumption of biofortified crops would contribute 199, 169, and 77% iron, zinc, and vitamin A based on the estimated average requirement. Due to their potential nutritional impact, the study of the adaptability and acceptability of biofortified crops is recommended.
The use of distraction osteogenesis for reconstruction of bone defects after tumor resection of high-grade lesions

The use of distraction osteogenesis through external and internal techniques to primarily treat bone defects after tumor resection is a powerful and versatile surgical technique, but it is relatively uncommon. The techniques of distraction osteogenesis are increasingly refined. As a result, the indications for its use are expanding, while the problems historically encountered can be prevented or minimized. As such, the use of distraction osteogenesis for orthopaedic oncology is increasing. The appeal of distraction osteogenesis is its ability to reconstruct the defect with healthy host bone, which is the most durable reconstructive option. Given how many years a pediatric patient has to rely on any given reconstruction, distraction osteogenesis gives the highest chance of long-term survival. This article aims to review the safety and efficacy of the increasing trend of distraction osteogenesis in high-grade lesions. Although currently indicated in only a narrow group of patients, it is important to recognize this surgical technique as a viable reconstructive option. Distraction osteogenesis is likely to expand as a primary surgical reconstructive option in high-grade lesions as the techniques evolve for both internal and external lengthening.
Prolonged Relief of Chronic Pain from Local Anaesthetic Blocks

In a fascinating essay on the future of local anesthetic agents, Wall (1) cited a 1990 paper from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, entitled 'Prolonged relief of neuralgia after regional anesthetic blocks: A call for further experimental and systematic clinical studies' (2). The Swedish researchers had found that two-thirds of 38 patients with neuralgia experienced prolonged (up to six days) relief of pain after blocking of the injured nerve.
Influence of Thermal Shrinkage of Mouthguard Sheet Material on the Elongation and Thickness of Mouthguard Sheets after Forming

目的：マウスガードの製作に使用される熱可塑性シートは，加熱時の熱収縮により成形後の厚さに影響を及ぼす．本研究では，シートの熱収縮による成形後マウスガードシート各部の延びや厚さの違いについて検討した．方法：マウスガードシートに10 mm四方の格子を印記し測定部とした．延びの測定は格子線の前後，左右方向の長さをノギスにより計測し，厚さの測定は各格子の厚さをメジャリングディバイスを用いて計測した．作業模型は，上顎中切歯切縁で20 mm，上顎第一大臼歯近心頬側咬頭で15 mmの高さにトリミングした．成形は，シート中央部が基底面から15 mm降下した時点で吸引圧接して行った．シートの熱収縮が大きく生じる方向と平行または垂直に作業模型の正中線を設置して成形を行った際のシート各部の延び，厚さの変化率の違いを，t検定およびWilcoxon符号付順位和検定を用いて分析を行い，成形後の延びと厚さの関係を回帰分析により検討した．結果：シートの熱収縮が大きく生じる方向と平行に作業模型の正中線を設置したほうが垂直に設置するより，前歯部，臼歯部の延びは小さくなるが，口蓋部および臼歯部の厚さの減少率は大きくなった(p結論：成形後マウスガードの延びと厚さの関係はシートの設置方向で異なり，シートの熱収縮が大きく生じる方向と平行に作業模型の正中線を設置したほうが口蓋部，臼歯部の厚さが減少することが明らかとなった．
Infection of human demodex on facial skin of middle and primary students in rural areas of Huaibei.

[Objective] To investigate the prevalence of human demodex infection skin of middle and primary students in rural areas of Huaibei, and to provide evidence for prevention of human demodex infection among middle and primary students. [Methods] The 964 middle and primary students were investigated by transparent glue paper method, and their facial skin were examined. [Results] The total infection rate was 27.49%. There was not significant difference in infection of human demodex between middle and primary students(χ2 = 4.52, P﹥0.05). The infection rate among the males was higher than the fe- males (χ2 = 12.23, P﹤0.05). Most of the infected species of demodex was demodex folliculorum (χ2 = 12.23, P﹤0.05), for a small number of demodex brevis and mixed infection. Most of students were mild infection. The infection rates of demodex on na- solabial groove and cheek were higher. The infection rate of demodex among patients with rosacea, acne, seborrheic dermatitis was significantly higher than that of without ones (χ2 = 223.57, P﹤0.05). [Conclusion] The infection of human demodex is serious among middle and primary students in rural areas of Huaibei, it should pay more attention to the prevention and treat- ment of Human Demodex infection for students.
Surveillance of Injury in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India: A Hospital Based Study

Introduction: Injury is a major, preventable public health problem in terms of morbidity, premature mortality or disability. This study aims to assess the epidemiology of injury in patients admitted to a tertiary care centre in northern India. Materials and Methods: Observational, Descriptive, secondary data based study of injury patients admitted in surgical emergency department of Government Medical College Hospital Chandigarh from July 2009 to June 2010. Results: Out of these total 7222 patients, 4129(57.2%) were of Road Traffic Accident (RTA) and 22.8% were of Assault. Male were at high risk of RTA. Although, overall males were at higher risk Original Research Article Sharma et al.; IJTDH, 6(1): 1-7, 2015; Article no.IJTDH. 2015.031 2 of assault but middle aged women were at higher risk than their counterparts. For ‘fall ‘females were at high risk. Assault cases were more prevalent during summer, while RTA cases were more prevalent during winter season and fall during rainy season were reportedly more. Majority (33.0%) of RTA injury was in the age group of 20-39 years (most productive age) and in the age group of <10 years falls were most common (56.0% of all injury).
Elementos de la dieta del manatí Trichechus manatus manatus en tres sitios importantes para la especie en México y Belice Diet items of manatee Trichechus manatus manatus in three priority sites for the species in Mexico and Belize

Manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) are herbivorous mammals with opportunistic habits that feed on approximately 60 species of plants. The focus of this paper was to identify diet elements of the manatee by fecal analysis in two sites in Mexico (Jonuta, Tabasco and Bahia de la Ascension, Quintana Roo) and one site in Belize (Southern Lagoon). Samples were obtained from wild manatees and captive manatees temporarily captured for health assessment and sampling during 2004-2006. A total of 24 samples were analyzed. Diet components were assessed by microhistological analysis of feces. Items were separated and compared with bibliography and histological collections. Samples were also analyzed to detect invertebrates. Vegetal species found included Thalassia testudinum, Rhizophora mangle, Halodule wrightii, Ruppia sp. and Panicum sp. , the latter confirmed for the first time for Mexico. No evidence of invertebrates was found in the samples. Relative importance of vegetal species consumed by manatees coincides with the findings reported for other areas in the Americas. Further systematic sampling efforts are needed in areas where manatee diet items are unknown.
The Iliotibial Band Syndrome: Diagnosis and Surgical Management

Iliotibial band (ITB) syndrome or iliotibial band friction syndrome is a common lateral knee injury caused by overuse. It is commonly seen in runners and cyclists. Two mechanisms have been proposed for this syndrome: either excessive friction resulting as the ITB slides back and forth over the lateral femoral epicondyle, or the changing tension in the anterior and posterior fibers of the ITB compresses the fat between the tract and a bursa creating inflammation and merely the illusion of movement. Regardless of the pathogenesis, the initial treatment consists of rest or decreased distance, shoe changes, exercise modification, anti-inflammatory medication, icing, steroid injections, and stretching. In refractory cases not responding to nonoperative management, surgery can be considered. Various surgical procedures have been described including a Z-plasty, excision or incision of a portion of the iliotibial band, and "pie crusting" the tendon.
Culture of Safety among Nurses in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Purpose: To assess the culture of safety among nurses in a tertiary teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in King Khaled University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A random sample of 492 nurses was included in the survey using a pre-validated instrument, Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). Results: Of the questionnaires given to 492 nurses, only 418 complete ones were returned, giving a response rate of 84.9 %. Most of the participants (354, 84.7 %) were staff nurses and the majority, 112 (26.8 %), had working experience of ≥ 20 years. Job satisfaction was perceived as the most common dimension of culture of safety among nurse participants (92.7 ± 14.6) followed by working conditions (82.1 ± 16.6) and safety (75.5 ± 15.5) and teamwork (75.5 ± 16.7). Stress recognition (41.9 ± 25.2) and perception of management (68.1 ± 19.1) ranked as the least common dimensions of safety culture among study subjects. A significant difference in mean score was found between males and females for both working conditions (p = 0.035) and teamwork ( p = 0.045). Significant differences were also observed in terms of job satisfaction dimension scores with regard to years of work experience ( p = 0.045). A significant differences was also observed in terms of stress recognition dimension scores in terms of years of work experience ( p = 0.007). Conclusion: Efforts are needed from healthcare authorities to increase nurses’ perception of management and stress recognition in order to improve safety culture among nurses in Saudi Arabia. Keywords: Nurses, Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), Safety culture, Working conditions, Teamwork, Job satisfaction
Inter arm systolic blood pressure difference is associated with a high prevalence of cardio vascular diseases

Background: Blood pressure (BP) recordings often differ between arms. This study is aimed to observe the presence of inter-arm blood pressure difference and association with hypertension or diabetes. The objective of the study was to establish the prevalence of an inter-arm blood pressure difference and explore its association with obesity and cardiovascular disorder. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at King George’s Medical College, Lucknow, India among 100 first year MBBS students. After taking verbal consent the age, height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and family history of hypertension or diabetes were recorded. Results: The systolic blood pressure on right arm was 118.8±11.5 mmHg and 11.7±7.72 mmHg left arm. Result significantly showed higher mean systolic blood pressure on right arm. There were 54, 17 and 29 participants with inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference of 30). Out of 100 subjects, 11 subject having inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference ≥10 mmHg was associated with a family history of diabetes or hypertension. Conclusions: Presence of inter-arm blood pressure difference with having family history of hypertension or diabetes is more susceptible to develop cardiovascular disorder in future.
Providing Palliative Care to Family Caregivers Throughout the Bone Marrow Transplantation Trajectory: Research and Practice: Partners in Care

In the bone marrow transplant population, both patients and their families have significant palliative care needs but tend to be underserved by palliative care. The focus of care is curative, and referrals to the palliative care team come late if at all. Symptom burden can be great, and family caregiver burden overwhelming. Many patients will develop acute and/or chronic complications associated with the transplant, some resulting in death. In addition, bone marrow transplant patients are being discharged home while still requiring a significant amount of both physical and psychological care. Family caregivers are expected to provide much of this care often with little support. The result may be fatigue and physical exhaustion, sleeplessness, deterioration in health, and social isolation. In both palliative and hospice care, the patient and family are approached as a single unit, recognizing the strengths and addressing the needs of both parties to affect the overall well-being of the family unit. This article discusses caregiver burden in the bone marrow transplant population throughout the disease trajectory illustrated through the use of a case example. An approach to address the palliative care needs of the family caregiver is outlined.
Rendimiento y calidad de forraje del pasto ovillo (Dactylis glomerata L.) al variar la frecuencia e intensidad de pastoreo Herbage yield and quality of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.), under different grazing frequencies and intensities

The aim of this experiment was to study the performance of Orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) based on herbage yield and quality under different grazing management. Three frequencies (2, 3 and 4 wk in spring and summer and 4, 5 and 6 wk in fall) and two grazing intensities (hard: 3 to 5 cm and lax: 6 to 8 cm of residual sward height), in a randomized block design with three replicates, distributed in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. Cumulative herbage yield (CHY), net herbage accumulation rate (NHAR), morphological composition and herbage quality were evaluated. The highest CHY and average NHAR were recorded with hard grazing every 4 and 6 wk. The highest seasonal herbage yield (7,844 kg DM ha-1) and NHAR (107 kg DM ha-1 d-1) were observed during summer with hard grazing every 4 wk (P 0.05). Across all seasons, hard grazing gave higher forage yield than lax grazing, being different in spring and summer (P<0.05). In overall, total protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility tended to decrease as grazing interval increased, being on average 20 and 65 %, respectively. It was concluded that to obtain the highest herbage yield and quality, orchard grass must be grazed hard every 4 wk in spring-summer and every 5 wk in fall.
The Vestibular Cortex

Over the past few decades, various cortical regions in primates have been labeled as vestibular: area 2v, area 3, area 7, superior temporal gyrus and parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC). These areas have reciprocal connections with each other and form an "inner circuit. " The PIVC physiologically responds well to vestibular stimulation as well as visual and somatosensory inputs. It also morphologically receives projections from all other vestibular cortical regions. Thus these findings suggest that PIVC integrates multisensory information from different cortical areas. The PIVC may play a major role in the cortical vestibular system.We recorded neuromagnetic responses to visually-induced linear forward acceleration in humans using a 122-channel whole cortex neuromagnetometer. In the study, visual stimulation without vestibular stimulation induced activation in the PIVC in humans. Hence, it is suggested that the vestibular cortex not only receives vestibulr inputs from peripheral vestibular apparatus, but also produces vestibular sensation using other multi-model inputs.The monkey, cat and rat have homologous vestibular cortical system over species, which projects corticofugally onto the vestibular nuclei. These projections may play a role in an antagonistic coordination of involuntary oculomotor and skeletomotor movements during head movements or locomotion.