Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of hens' diet on the EPA and DHA yolk content.

The 28-day long research was carried out on two groups of ISA Brown laying hens. The control group was fed with diets supplemented with sunflower oil in the amount of 6%, and experimental group received diets that contained 4% of rapeseed oil and 2% of fish oil. During the experimental period, laying hens at the age of 50 weeks were controlled with respect to their productive parameters (live weight at the beginning and the end of research, food consumption, overall laying capability, number of eggs per one laying hen, intensity of laying). The content of fatty acids in lipids of egg yolk was determined on 10 samples taken from each group in the Chrompack CP-9000 chromatograph equipped with flame ionization detector. Portion of saturated (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), as well as eicosapentaenoic (EPA, C20:5n3) + docosahexaenoic (DHA, C22:6n-3) acids was shown in a percentage of a total fatty acids contained in egg yolk. Differences between the groups were determined with the t-test. Data analysis was performed in Statistica 7.1 (StatSoft, Inc. 1984-2005). There were no statistically significant differences established between the groups (P>0.05) related to the starting and end live weights of laying hens and food consumption. The group being fed with supplemented fish and rapeseed oil had statistically significantly lower (P<0.001) portion of SFA in a total fatty acid contained in egg yolk than control group (31.57% : 33.41%). In comparison to the control, experimental group had higher content of MUFA (47.83% : 40.42%, P<0.001). Content of EPA+DHA was statistically significantly higher (2.14% : 0.00%, P<0.001) in egg yolks of experimental group than of the control. If compared to dietary supplementation with sunflower oil, supplementation of rapeseed and fish oil to diets fed to laying hens affected significant increase in the nutritive quality of eggs (SFA was lowered, EPA+DHA content was increased).
New species of Aspiculuris (Nematoda: Heteroxynematidae), parasite of Mus musculus (Rodentia: Muridae), from Hidalgo, Mexico

Aspiculuris huascaensis n. sp. was found in the intestine of Mus musculus collected from 2 localities in Hidalgo, Mexico, and is described herein. The new species possesses cervical alae abruptly interrupted at mid-length of esophageal bulb form an acute angle, distinguishing it from 5 of the 17 species in the genus. The new species is differentiated from 11 of the remaining species by having cervical alae that form an acute angle and end at mid-length of the esophageal bulb. Aspiculuris huascaensis n. sp. most closely resembles A. tetraptera in the position of the terminal end of the cervical alae. However, the new species can be distinguished from that species by the number of caudal papillae (12 vs. 14), the presence of a sessile precloacal papilla between 2 cuticular folds, and by having a single pedunculate papilla located slightly posterior to the cloaca.
Genetic improvement of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with special reference to the work conducted by the WorldFish Center with the GIFT strain

We mainly (but not exclusively) draw on research and development work carried out by The WorldFish Center (WorldFish). We review in detail the current state of development of a selection program that has had a main focus on growth rate and body traits. We also present some new, unpublished, information. There is evidence of sustained gains of 10–15% per generation over more than six generations. To date, these gains have not been accompanied by any undesirable correlated response. However, the prospects of altering sexual dimorphism and the shape of the fish appear to be very limited. We also examine the issue of an appropriate environment for selection. Not surprisingly, experimental evidence on genotype by environment interactions suggests that this is more likely to be of importance when the environments in question are markedly dissimilar. We argue that no universal guidelines can be prescribed with regard to the need for more than one selection program to cope with different production environments, but rather, each case should be examined in its own right. Finally, we discuss traits likely to be candidates for inclusion in future, more elaborate, breeding objectives for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), comment on selection methods that may be implemented in the future and conclude by stressing the need to maintain an effective population size in selection lines to ensure their sustainability over time.
Effects of Acid and Alkaline Reagents on the Color and Gel-forming Ability of Milkfish Kamaboko

The color as well as the texture of kamaboko is an im portant factor which determines the consumer's prefer ence. In the case of dark-flesh fish, meat color is largely dependent on the myoglobin concentration, and kamaboko of lower myoglobin content and lighter color tends to be preferred by consumers. It is thus necessary to leach fish mince with alkaline wash in order to remove myoglobin and neutralize meat paste. Hashimoto and Arai1) reported that the postmortem lowering of muscle pH was related to the denaturation of myofibrillar protein. Funatsu and Arai2) observed that the extent of cross-linking of myosin heavy chain in ground meat notably depended on the pH for setting. Shimizu et al.3) and Ogawa et al.4) found that the gel-forming abilities were species-specific, and the maximum gel strength of kamaboko was obtained at pH 6.5-7.7 for Alaska pol lack,5 pH 6.3 for carp 6) and pH 8.0 for squid Ommas trephes bartrami,7) respectively. In the case of meat products, pH value also largely affects the gel-forming abil ity.8-101 Therefore, the effect of pH is critical for gel forma tion of meat or meat paste. In Taiwan, milkfish is one of the abundant catch fish, and the annual harvest is estimated to be around 90 tons, though the fish has not been effectively used for human consumption so far. Milkfish is characterized by light pink flesh due to the presence of myoglobin in the flesh. Though milkfish flesh gives rise to kamaboko of high gel strength, the dark color reduces its commercial value. For the effec tive utilization of milkfish, it is necessary to establish the optimal conditions for processing kamaboko of high quali ty. In the previous report,11) we investigated the effect of washing media pH on the color and gel strength of milkfish meat paste. The results obtained showed that the myoglobin extracting efficiency was strongly dependent on the pH values of washing media used. Namely, the higher the pH value of the media, the lower the L value (white ness) of meat extracts became. However, the kamaboko of lighter color was obtained by washing milkfish muscle at acidic pH, but the kamaboko of higher gel strength was ob tained by washing the muscle at alkaline pH (pH 7.2 or 8.0). 11)
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF AVULSED TOOTH: KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDEOF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS

Introduction: Children spend a considerable amount of time in school where teachers are the primary caregivers. Children are especially sensitive about missing anterior teeth. Immediate replantation of avulsed tooth more often contributes to an improved self-image and enhances selfesteem in children. Hence, Aim; to assess the school teachers’ and students’ knowledge and attitude about emergency management of avulsed tooth. Subjects and Methods: A Cross-sectional study design was utilized to meet the aim of the study. A multistage sample; 384 students from private school and 384 from public ones, as well as, 372 teachers from private school and 383 from public ones, from Sohag and Minia Governorate. A questionnaire sheet was designed to collect the essential data. Results: Data indicated insufficient knowledge for 76.9 percent of private school teachers. While in public school, only seventy nine percent had insufficient knowledge. Also Insufficient knowledge for 83 percent of private school students and 87.3 percent in public school students. Conclusion: The level of teachers’ and students’ knowledge was insufficient.
Understanding the physiology of probiotic yeast cells under different formulation, processing and environmental conditions

Probiotics are live microorganisms including yeast and bacteria used as food supplements to offer health benefits. Currently available forms of yeast probiotic products include powder and gelatine capsules. A new yeast probiotic product in tablet dosage form has been developed in order to prolong product shelf life and improve product stability. The aim of the present work was to study the physiological states of yeast cells in various formulation and conditions, and to develop a rigid tablet which contains the adequate number of active yeast cells. Yeast cells became injured and had lower culturability when they were exposed to a high shear force of homogenization and compaction pressure. Tablets containing freeze dried yeast resulted in low tensile strength and could not withstand handling. Encapsulation of yeast cells with pectin demonstrated better survival and showed desirable water activity. Furthermore, the material properties of calcium pectinate beads have been investigated. A compaction of CaP beads into tablets at 90 MPa created rigid tablets with the adequate number of viable cells. Overall, encapsulated cells in CaP beads were protected more from damage during compaction and show more resistance to stress during storage. The use of flow cytometry together with fluorescent dyes for the monitoring of cell physiological states has also been demonstrated.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Risiko Bisnis, Dan Tingkat Pertumbuhan Terhadap Struktur Modal Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan

This research aims to test the influence of the profitability, the business risk, and the growth rate of the company’s capital structure in mining companies. The population used in this study is the whole mining sector companies were listed on the Indonesia stock exchange (idx) of the period of the 2012-2016 publish which doen’t incur losses. The sampling techniques used in this research is purposive sampling method. There are populations of 52 companies that meet the criteria to become a research sample. The analysis technique in this research is descriptive statistics, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and statistical tests were performed with SPSS 23.0 test instrument . The results showed: (1) profitability (ROA) has no significant influence to the capital structure, (2) business risk (DOL) has no significant influence to the capital structure, and (3) growth rate (GROWTH) has significant influence to the capital structure. Keyword: Capital Structure, Profitability, Business Risk, Growth Rate
An opportunity not to be missed: the possibilities to support Australian dairy and meat processors in agricultural advisory service provision.

Food processing staff and contractors employed as field services officers (dairy industry) and livestock buyers (meat industry) work at the interface between the processor and producer however it is not well understood in the Agricultural Innovation Systems literature or in Australia’s agricultural advisory sector, what capability, capacity and aspiration there is in the dairy and meat processing sectors to deliver extension and advisory services for practice change on-farms. Using a case study of a dairy processor and meat processor operating in Australia, the question this paper seeks to answer is: what is the ‘opportunity’ for multi-sectoral advisory system actors to engage with and support dairy and meat processors in their provision of agricultural advisory services? Research findings are drawn from a one and half year collaborative action research project (20162018), which engaged processors, industry research development and extension (RD&E) organisations, private agricultural consultants and researchers in a collaborative effort. Key findings indicated that field officers and livestock buyers need to maintain a complex skill set and knowledge base to customize their services in response to individual producer needs. Furthermore, there are possibilities of and ambitions for field officers and livestock buyers to fill farm service gaps, facilitate the translation of industry based research and development and engage with on-farm practice change as part of their core service. We contribute an empirical understanding of possible pathways to support dairy and meat processors operating in Australia in their provision of quality services services that contribute towards Australia’s agricultural innovation system.
Enhancing nutrient use and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) productivity with reduced cost through drip fertigation in western Maharashtra

A field experiment was conducted at Interfaculty Department of Irrigation Water Management, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri (Maharashtra) during three consecutive years 2007-2010 to study the yield, nutrient use and cost economics for sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivation under different fertigation schedules. The experiment comprised 100, 80 and 60 per cent water soluble fertilizers (WSF) applied through drip in two schedules and results were compared with three control treatments. The 100 per cent fertigation as per growth stages (schedule B) showed higher cane yield (187.85 tonnes/ha) and sugar yield (22.00 tonnes/ha); however, it was on par with 100% fertigation in uniform equal splits (schedule A) and 80% fertigation (schedule B). The study indicated that drip irrigation resulted into 25 % increase in sugarcane yield whereas drip with fertigation resulted into 42 % increase in yield as compared to conventional method. Application of water soluble fertilizers had positive effect on periodical availability of nutrients and uptake than conventional fertilizer. The higher net seasonal income (Rupees 226 195 per ha) and net extra income over conventional method (Rupees 66 246 per ha) were obtained in 100 % fertigation as per schedule B however, the economical parameters were on par with 100 % fertigation as per schedule A and 80% fertigation as per schedule B. The application of 80 % water soluble fertilizers as per schedule B through drip irrigation was found best practice to obtain better yield, improve nutrient and water use as well as cost economics among the practices studied.
Effect of fertilization in water quality and in zooplankton community in open plankton-culture ponds

The effect of swine manure fertilization on the water quality of zooplankton artificial culture in two ponds was measured in diel cycles on different months (October 1999, January and March 2000). Fertilization affected directly water quality; values for total phosphorus were above 1.4 mgL and maximum rates for ammonia reached 108 μgL. Zooplankton community comprised four species, namely, Brachionus calyciflorus, B. falcatus, Moina sp. and Thermocyclops sp. B. falcatus (Rotifera) and Moina sp (Cladocera) were dominant respectively in January and in March. There was no difference in abundance of zooplankton between the two ponds (p>0.05), although adult cyclopoid Thermocyclops sp was different between diel cycles (p<0.05). There were significant differences (p<0.05) in dissolved oxygen, ammonia, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, nitrite and nitrate between ponds. In fact, only dissolved oxygen and pH were significantly different (p<0.05) between the ponds’ surface and bottom. Organic fertilization also provided greater amount of nutrients and higher pH and conductivity, coupled to greater oscillations in the concentration of dissolved oxygen, directly affecting the zooplanktonic composition.
Genome wide association analysis for grain micronutrients and anti-nutritional traits in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] using SNP markers

Mungbean is an important food grain legume for human nutrition and nutritional food due to its nutrient-dense seed, liked palatability, and high digestibility. However, anti-nutritional factors pose a significant risk to improving nutritional quality for bio-fortification. In the present study, genetic architecture of grain micronutrients (grain iron and zinc concentration) and anti-nutritional factors (grain phytic acid and tannin content) in association mapping panel of 145 diverse mungbean were evaluated. Based on all four parameters genotypes PUSA 1333 and IPM 02-19 were observed as desired genotypes as they had high grain iron and zinc concentration but low grain phytic acid and tannin content. The next generation sequencing (NGS)-based genotyping by sequencing (GBS) identified 14,447 genome-wide SNPs in a diverse selected panel of 127 mungbean genotypes. Population admixture analysis revealed the presence of four different ancestries among the genotypes and LD decay of ∼57.6 kb kb physical distance was noted in mungbean chromosomes. Association mapping analysis revealed that a total of 20 significant SNPs were shared by both GLM and Blink models associated with grain micronutrient and anti-nutritional factor traits, with Blink model identifying 35 putative SNPs. Further, this study identified the 185 putative candidate genes. Including potential candidate genes Vradi07g30190, Vradi01g09630, and Vradi09g05450 were found to be associated with grain iron concentration, Vradi10g04830 with grain zinc concentration, Vradi08g09870 and Vradi01g11110 with grain phytic acid content and Vradi04g11580 and Vradi06g15090 with grain tannin content. Moreover, two genes Vradi07g15310 and Vradi09g05480 showed significant variation in protein structure between native and mutated versions. The identified SNPs and candidate genes are potential powerful tools to provide the essential information for genetic studies and marker-assisted breeding program for nutritional improvement in mungbean.
Molecular and genetic analysis of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts : sources and genotypes in the environment

Cryptosporidium parvum is responsible for an acute gastrointestinal disease that is self-limiting in immunocompetent people but potentially life-threatening for the immunocompromised. Until recently, C. parvum was the only species of Cryptosporidium known to cause disease in people, however, reports of C. muris, C. felis, and C. meleagridis in immunocompetent adults have raised questions about the extent to which Cryptosporidium spp. are infectious for humans. Until more is known, presence of any Cryptosporidium oocysts in the environment should be considered a potential public health risk. Cryptosporidium spp. can infect a wide range of animal hosts, and environmental sources may include wildlife, agricultural animals, or human sewage. Transmission of Cryptosporidium spp. via fecally-contaminated food and water has been well-documented, and outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have occurred around the world. The exogenous stage of the organism, the oocyst, is difficult to remove from drinking water supplies because it is resistant to chlorine disinfection and inefficiently filtered. Therefore, a better understanding of the sources, fate, and transport of oocysts in the environment is critical to protect source waters from oocyst contamination. In this work, a sensitive and specific molecular detection assay for Cryptosporidium spp. in environmental samples was developed and applied to surface water and fecal samples from the Wachusett Reservoir watershed, the drinking water source for metropolitan Boston, to establish links between oocyst sources and surface water contamination. Multiple species of Cryptosporidium were detected, and previously uncharacterized genetic diversity at the 18S rRNA locus was observed. Each surface water site had a hypothesized oocyst source, but results showed that the sources detected were often very different from those hypothesized to be most important. Cryptosporidium spp. from wildlife was detected in surface waters hypothesized to be contaminated by human sewage, and surface waters susceptible to agricultural runoff were observed to be more impacted by birds. In addition, Cryptosporidium spp. contamination occurred seasonally, with the seasonal pattern of detection distinct for surface waters with different oocyst sources. Results of this work contribute to a growing characterization of Cryptosporidium in the environment that will ultimately help minimize public exposure to this waterborne parasite. Thesis Supervisors: Harold F. Hemond, William E. Leonhard Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering David B. Schauer, Associate Professor of Biological Engineering and Comparative Medicine
Taxonomic revision of the genus Paramunida Baba, 1988 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Galatheidae): a morphological and molecular approach

The genus Paramunida belongs to the family Galatheidae, one of the most species rich families among anomuran decapod crustaceans. In spite of the genus has received substantial taxonomic attention, subtle morphological variations observed in numerous samples suggest the existence of undescribed species. The examination of many specimens collected during recent expeditions and morphological and molecular comparisons with previously described species have revelaled the existence of eleven new lineages. All of them are distinguished by subtle and constant morphological differences, which are in agreement with molecular divergences reported for the mitochondrial markers ND1 and 16S rRNA. Here, we describe and illustrate the new species, providing brief redescriptions for the previously known species, and a dichotomous identification key for all species in the genus.
Microbial cell surface hydrophobicity

Microbial cell surface hydrophobicity: history, measurement and significance Nature of the hydrophobic effect Microbial hydrophobicity and fermentation technology Role of hydrophobic interactions in microbial adhesion to plastics used in medical devices Hydrophobicity of proteins and bacterial fimbriae Adhesion of bacteria to plant cells Hydrophobicity in the aquatic environment Changes in bacterial surface hydrophobicity during morphogenesis and differentiation Cell surface hydrophobicity of medically important fungi, especially Candida species Significance of hydrophobicity in the adhesiveness of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria Hydrophobic characteristics of Staphylococci Relative importance of surface free energy as a hydrophobicity measure in bacterial adhesion to solid surfaces Hydrophobicity of Group A Streptococci to host cells Hydrophobicity of oral bacteria
Genetic Relationships, Morphological Divergence and Ecological Correlates in Three Species of the Viola canadensis Complex in Western North America

Viola flettii (Violaceae) is endemic to the Olympic Mountains in Washington State where it is limited to isolated populations in potentially rare and specific microsites. The population diversity and genetic structure of V. flettii were examined using Intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers; three ISSR primers yielded 60 loci, all of which were polymorphic. Population vigor was estimated from leaf numbers and population size. Environmental variables of elevation and aspect were documented for each population. Genetic diversity estimates and population vigor were analyzed with respect to ecological site variables to infer relative fitness and microhabitat influences on the maintenance of genetic diversity. Most populations were genetically distinct, and all populations fell into two genetically divergent clusters roughly representing two geographic areas of the Olympic Peninsula. Populations expressed a great deal of unexpected genetic diversity. Substantial differentiation of populations despite sometimes short distances between them, relatively small size in most populations, and long-term maintenance of genetic differences between two sets of populations perhaps dating back to Pleistocene separation, suggest relatively low gene flow among populations. Populations at the upper elevational limit of the species tend to have lower genetic diversity, indicating possible genetic erosion due to reduced fitness. Substantial population vigor and reproductive success of most populations permit this narrow endemic to persist successfully despite limited geographic distribution, patchy 18 occurrence, narrow preference for rock substrates and predominately small population