Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultra-Widefield Fundus Fluorescein Angiography Findings in Patients with Fuchs’ Uveitis Syndrome

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate ultra-widefield (UWF) fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) findings in patients with Fuchs' uveitis syndrome (FUS). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with FUS. All the patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, and FFA was carried out with Optos UWF retinal imaging. Standard FFA and image acquisition consisted of early phase (15–45 s) images, and late-phase (5–10 min) images were also obtained for both eyes. Results: Forty eyes from twenty unilateral FUS patients, including 11 females (55%), who had a mean age of 38.50 ± 6.97 years, were enrolled. Eighty-five percent of the FUS eyes had optic disc hyperfluorescence (ODH) in the FFA. A significant relationship was observed between ODH and iris heterochromia (P = 0.004). ODH was seen in all the patients with iris heterochromia (n = 16). Peripheral vascular leakage (PVL), capillary nonperfusion, chorioretinal scar, and vascular sheathing were observed in 3, 3, 2, and 8 of the patients' eyes, respectively. Conclusion: UWF FFA imaging seemed to be mandatory for evaluating the prognosis of the FUS patients, and another investigation may require to be conducted to evaluate the effect of antivascular endothelial growth factor agents for the management of PVL in these patients.
Relationship between psychological factors and perceived stigma of addiction among women with substance use disorders, Thailand

BACKGROUND: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are one of the most stigmatized health conditions that impact drug user's treatment engagement. However, to date, little is known about perceived stigma and its correlates with psychological factors among high-risk groups such as people with SUDs in the criminal justice system. This study aimed to determine the association of psychological factors and perceived stigma of addiction among women with SUDs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional design was conducted on 652 women with SUDs who were treated in all 7 compulsory drug detention centers in Thailand with consecutive sampling technique. The data were collected by standardized interviewers with interviewing questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was applied to examine the effect of psychological factors and perceived stigma. RESULTS: More than half of SUD patients (57.2%) were methamphetamine abuse or dependence, approximately 69.9% reported high level of perceived stigma, 56.7% had mild depression, 34.8% had low level of perceived social support, and the average perceived stress score was 19.2 (standard deviation, 7.5). The perceived stigma was positively related to depressive symptom and perceived stress while was inversely related to perceived social support. CONCLUSION: The psychological factors were strongly associated with perceived stigma of addiction. Thus, the detection of psychological problems among SUD patients may be benefit clinicians for identifying which patients are most at risk of perceived stigma and are the potential targets of intervention to reduce stigma in clinical practice.
A Nation-wide Prevalence of Malocclusion Traits in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review

Objectives: The aim of this article is to establish a comprehensive nation-wide prevalence of malocclusion traits on the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes of space in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in three databases (Medline via PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) and complemented with a manual search of Google Scholar and the reference list of included studies. Original studies of Saudi Arabian healthy individuals at any age were included. The quality and the risk of bias of the included studies were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s appraisal tool. The data about the selected malocclusion traits on the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes of space were extracted and pooled. Results: Out of 7163 identified titles, 11 studies were finally included. The risk of bias was high in two studies, moderate in eight studies, and low in one study. The studied age groups were from early childhood to late adulthood, with a total sample size of 19,169 participants. The majority of the studies recruited their sample from school/public sources, whereas the remaining three studies recruited their sample from dental (non-orthodontic) clinics. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, pooled prevalence of Angle’s Class I molar relation in Saudi Arabia was similar to other populations but Angle’s Class II and Class III molar relations were lower and higher, respectively. These differences could be attributed to population-related differences in craniofacial morphology. Teeth crowding, teeth spacing, and midline shift, along with increased overjet and overbite, were among the most common malocclusion traits occurring in Saudi Arabia.
Knowledge and performance of the Iranian general population in the use of masks during the 2019 coronavirus

BACKGROUND: The use of personal protective equipment (especially face masks) has increased in different communities amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess knowledge and performance of Iranian general population in wearing face masks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is a cross-sectional study conducted using a valid and reliable questionnaire on 1843 eligible individuals. The questionnaires were shared by Link (www.porsall.com) in groups and social networks. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 24.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 42.84 years (standard deviation: 16.84). The majority had inadequate and low knowledge of masks (69.2%), nearly 30% had moderate (30.1%), and few had adequate and high knowledge of masks. The individuals' knowledge on when to wear a mask was also assessed and the results showed poor and low in 42.2%, 46.9% moderate and high performance in 10.7%. The participants' performance on how to properly wear a mask was also assessed and 12% showed poor, 69.3% showed moderate, and 18.7% showed high performance. Safe removal of masks was also assessed, and the results showed 52% low and poor, 27.6% moderate, and 20.3% high performance. A significant and direct correlation was found between the overall score knowledge and performance regarding use of masks (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results showed poor to moderate knowledge and performance of majority of Iranian general population regarding the masks. Therefore, further effective training courses and action plans are needed in Iran given the importance of masks for the prevention of COVID-19, especially in public places. Educational package about how to use the mask and its benefits, through the media and health centers is recommended.
Effective factors on nutrition behaviors of pregnant women based on the beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors model: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: One of the useful models in health education is the Beliefs, Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model. The model is used to study behavior and to plan for change it and to determine the factors that influence people's decision-making. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the nutritional behavior of pregnant women based on BASNEF model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 360 pregnant women referring to health centers of Tabriz-Iran by two-stage cluster sampling method from April to December 2016. Data were collected using sociodemographic, nutrition subdomain of Health Promoting Lifestyle-II (HPLP-II), and researcher-made questionnaire based on constructs of BASNEF model. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 21 and Pearson correlation test and General Linear Model (GLM). RESULTS: Mean ± standard deviation (SD) of nutrition subdomain of HPLP-II was 24.65 ± 4.75 within the range 9–36. Mean ± SD of BASNEF model constructs (score range) was also obtained as 45.30 ± 10.80 (0–100), 17.98 ± 2.40 (8–24), 9.30 ± 2.82 (0–20) and 2.47 ± 1.74 (0–6) for belief, attitude, subjective norms, and enabling factors, respectively. Based on the GLM, there was significant relationships between nutritional behavior and BASNEF model constructs (belief [P < 0.001], attitude [P = 0.043], enabling factors [P < 0.001], and subjective norms [P = 0.038]) as well as the variables of job, husband's education, and job and sufficiency of income for expenses. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed the impact of BASNEF model constructs and some sociodemographic variables on nutrition behaviors in pregnant women. Therefore, in order to improve nutrition behaviors of pregnant women, designing and implementation of interventions based on the BASNEF model are recommended.
The level of satisfaction and quality of E-learning in medical universities of Iran during the epidemic of COVID-19

BACKGROUND: E-learning is web-based learning for education and training. The current global pandemic crisis created due to COVID-19 has made worldwide online learning. This study aimed to investigate the level of satisfaction and quality of E-learning in medical universities from the students' point of view during the epidemic of COVID-19 and assessing the obstacles and solutions proposed to improve the quality of E-learning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, web-based study was conducted among 400 medical university students of Iran during the epidemic of COVID-19. After getting written consent, three parts questionnaire contains demographic, user satisfaction, quality questionnaire, and three open-ended questions were distributed randomly using social media. Descriptive analysis, t-test, Chi-square, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to achieve the objective of this study, with significance set to P < 0.05. Furthermore, three open-ended questions were reviewed qualitatively and the problems and solutions suggested by the students were reported. RESULTS: Based on the findings of the descriptive section, 277 of the respondents were girls (69%) with a mean age of 21 ± 2 years. Sixty-nine percent of students were studying in medical sciences universities and 31% were studying in Islamic Azad University. The level of satisfaction was in the upper range of low (34.0 ± 10.0); P < 0.001, and intention to reuse was moderate (23.06 ± 6.0); P = 0.064. Student's perception of quality in most domains was in the upper range of low to medium. User satisfaction, intention to reuse, the quality of knowledge, and participatory quality for evaluating online courses were significantly higher in the Azad University group than in medical universities. CONCLUSION: Given that this is the first experience in the use of E-learning in Iran, both universities have not yet fully succeeded in satisfying students and it is necessary to increase the quality of E-learning based on student suggestions.
Liberal Versus Conservative Fluid Therapy in COVID-19 Patients: What is the Best Strategy for the Treatment of Critically ill Patients?

fluid exudation causing pulmonary edema; this, in turn, leads to alveolar gas exchange disorders. [13] In this way, due to pulmonary edema in critical COVID‐19 patients, excessive fluid therapy and a positive fluid balance in COVID‐19 patients too could increase extravascular lung water due to pulmonary capillary leak and this affecting gas exchange, resulting in a worse prognosis;[14] therefore, according to this and in view of the benefit observed in other ARDS or sepsis populations, the consequences of a positive fluid balance, the possible reduction in the cost of administering less fluids, and the feasibility of the intervention, it has been suggested to use a conservative strategy over a liberal fluid therapy in critical patients with COVID‐19. This conservative approach could reduce the occurrence of a positive fluid balance while ensuring tissue perfusion. [7,9,14]
Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia in People Over 60 Years in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background: Osteoporosis in the elderly has dangerous complications, the most important of which are bone fractures and reduced quality of life in the elderly. The present study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of osteoporosis in Iranian elderly using systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: This search was conducted using authentic Persian and English keywords in national and international databases including Scientific Information Database, Magiran, IranDoc, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Sciencewith no time limit until 20.06. 2020. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using I2 index. Data were analyzed using STATA Ver. 15 software. Results: In 30 studies with a sample size of 13,347 people, the prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone density in people over 60 years in Iran were 34% (95% CI: 27%, 42%) and 47% (95% CI: 41%, 53%), respectively. We also found that 34% of women and 41% of men over the age of 60 suffer from osteoporosis. Prevalence of osteoporosis was in lumbar bone 23% (95% CI: 20%, 26%), spine 25% (95% CI: 19%, 31%), hip 35% (95% CI: 7%, 62%), and femur 23% (95% CI: 15%, 31%). Prevalence of low bone density was in lumbar bone 41% (95% CI: 19%, 63%), spine 30% (95% CI: 15%, 46%), and femur 35% (95% CI: 21%, 48%). Conclusion: The prevalence of low bone density in people over 60 years is higher than the prevalence of osteoporosis in them. About one-third of Iranian elderly people suffer from osteoporosis, but about half of them have low bone density.
The COVID-19 pandemic impact on clinical load of plastic and reconstructive surgery in a tertiary care hospital of north India: A retrospective comparative analysis

BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to analyze and determine statistically significant impact of the COVID-19 on clinical load of plastic and reconstructive surgery practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective analysis and comparison of the number of patients visiting to outpatient clinic, number of patients admitted, number of patients operated in the plastic and reconstructive surgery department during the COVID-19 pandemic months of January 2020–June 2020 with the same months of preceding non-COVID-19 year was done. The data obtained were tabulated in Microsoft Excel spread sheet and the statistical analysis done using MedCalc statistical software. RESULTS: The mean ± standard deviation of patients attended in outpatient department (OPD), admitted in inpatient department (IPD), emergency surgeries performed, and elective surgeries performed during -COVID-19 versus COVID-19 pandemic period is (651.167 ± 310.42 vs. 212.5 ± 307.591), (83.5 ± 16.263 vs. 34.333 ± 53.74), (5.167 ± 4.243 vs. 3.333 ± 4.95), and (74.333 ± 28.284 vs. 40.833 ± 60.811), respectively. The difference in means is highly significant statistically in the number of patients attended in OPD, admitted in IPD, and elective surgeries performed during pre-COVID versus COVID period; however, the difference in the means is not statistically significant in the number of emergency surgeries performed during pre-COVID versus COVID period. CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reduced the number of patients attended in OPD, admitted in IPD, and elective surgeries performed in the department of plastic surgery. However, there is a reduction in number of emergency surgeries but statistically insignificant. The strategy is to use telemedicine portal e-Sanjeevani services for OPD, encourage admission of patients with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction negative for COVID-19, and perform reconstructive and esthetic plastic surgery operative procedures using COVID-19 appropriate precautions.
PREPARATION, OPTIMIZATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN AND CALCIUM NANOPARTICLES LOADED WITH STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS EXTRACTED COMPOUNDS AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

The present study aims to search for a nano-delivery system that enables access of antimicrobial compounds to the targeting site of the microbial pathogens. To achieve this objective, the antimicrobial compounds extracted from the local isolate Streptomyces rimosus were loaded on chitosan (CS) and calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles (NPs) to facilitate drug delivery to some species of bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Bacillus cereus ATCC6633) and the yeast Candida albicans ATCC10231. The best incubation period for the production of antifungal and antibacterial compounds, pH, temperature, carbon sources and nitrogen sources were around the third day, 7.0, 30°C, starch and potassium nitrate, respectively. The extracted compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis which revealed to the identification of nine antimicrobial organic acids. The prepared NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Zeta potential analyser. Results showed those chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were spherical shaped NPs with an average size ≈22 ± 2 nm. The CSNPs loaded with the antimicrobial molecule’s diameter was ranged from 55 upto 100 nm. Calcium phosphates nanoparticles (CaPNPs) were also spherical shaped NPs with diameter range from 70 to 95 nm. Loading of antimicrobial compounds onto CaPNPs made them appeared in rod shape with width varying from 14 to 27 nm and length from 274 to 397 nm. The synthesized NPs showed negative values confirming their high dispersity and long-term stability. The tested strains were resistant to solo NPs; but the loaded NPs with the extracted antimicrobial compounds, particularly the CaPNPs, augmented the potency of the isolated antimicrobial compounds, with emergence of differential antimicrobial activity. The activity of the NPs-bound antimicrobial compounds was more evident against bacteria than fungi, Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria and against B. cereus than S. aureus.
The role of work stress, organizational climate, and improving employee performance in implementation of work from home.

BACKGROUND The spread of COVID-19 around the world has caused many undesirable effects on human health. The pandemic forced the employees to resort to Remote Work (RW)/Work from Home (WFH) according to the nature of the jobs. Consequently, organizations, business process and results are affected and organizational and commercial activities are significantly reduced. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the impact of work stress and organizational climate on employee performance in the context of WFH in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). METHOD This study used a purposive sampling strategy and determined using the Slovin equation and equals 95 employees in marketing, business restructuring and finance. The Partial Least Square (PLS) approach and and the SmartPLS version 3.0 software for data analysis processing procedures for hypothesis testing were used. RESULTS The results revealed that the organizational environment has a negative and significant effect on job stress. Furthermore, job stress had a negative impact on employee performance and the organizational climate had a favorable and considerable impact on employee performance. CONCLUSION The lower the level of work stress, the higher the employee performance, and vice versa. Organizational climate has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, which means that the organization's climate is conducive, so the employee performance will increase and vice versa.
Long-term Effects of Pre-plant Incorporation with Sawdust, Sawdust Mulch, and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate on ‘Elliott’ Highbush Blueberry

Soil amendment, mulching, and fertilization practices are key components of blueberry production, yet grower practices range widely and long-term impacts are not commonly studied. ‘Elliott’ northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) was evaluated from establishment to maturity (2003–18) to investigate the impacts of pre-plant sawdust incorporation (with or without 141 m3·ha−1 sawdust incorporated into the bed area), sawdust mulch (with or without an 8-cm-deep layer on soil surface), and N fertilizer rate (low, medium, and high, increased incrementally from 22, 67, and 112 kg·ha−1 in 2004, respectively, to 56, 168, and 269 kg·ha−1 of N from 2010 to 2018). Soil with sawdust incorporated had 4.3% soil organic matter at the end of the study in 2018 compared with 3.4% for nonincorporated soil. Soil pH was higher with sawdust incorporation and mulch when plants were young, but by 2011 these treatments were similar. High rates of N fertilization decreased soil pH by 0.3 to 0.4 throughout the study compared with the low rate, but all treatments were within or above the recommended pH range (4.5–5.5) throughout the study. Low levels of N fertilization were associated with higher soil pH and lower leaf N in most years, but higher leaf Ca and often any impacts of the low N rate were mitigated when sawdust was incorporated. Soil and leaf Ca increased when sawdust was incorporated and used as a mulch and when fertilizing with the low rate of N, but fruit Ca concentration only increased with mulch and the low N rate, whereas levels decreased with incorporation. When sawdust was not incorporated before planting, N fertilization rate affected leaf N, Ca, S, and Mn concentration, whereas this was not found when soil was amended with sawdust. Unmulched plants generally had higher leaf N, K, Fe, and Al but lower leaf Ca compared with mulched. Sawdust incorporation increased yield 4% and produced fruit with higher total soluble solids (TSS), but similar firmness, on average (2008–13), than for unamended soil. There was no main effect of mulch on yield or berry traits; however, plants grown with sawdust incorporated and no mulch had 7% greater yield per plant (averaged over 2006–13) compared with incorporated with mulch or nonincorporated with or without mulch. Nitrogen fertilization rate had no effect on yield, but berry weight was greater with low or medium N rates, particularly when sawdust was not incorporated. Net returns from higher yield with sawdust incorporation more than compensated for the materials and labor costs. Berry firmness and TSS were similar among incorporation, mulch, and fertilizer treatments for most years. Incorporating sawdust before planting resulted in an estimated $7680/ha greater net profit from fruit sales during the study period, more than compensating for the initial materials and application cost ($3150/ha). Use of the low rate of N from 2004 to 2018 saved $2680/ha and $5152/ha compared with the medium and high rates, respectively.