Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing potential conflicts between offshore wind farms and migration patterns of a threatened shorebird species

Installation of offshore wind farms (OWFs) is becoming increasingly important to ensure a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions; however, OWFs also pose a threat to migrating birds and other wildlife. Informed marine spatial planning is therefore crucial, but individual‐based high‐resolution data on bird migration across the sea are currently lacking. We equipped 51 individuals of the near threatened Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata with GPS tags (118 flight tracks) across multiple years and countries to assess their four‐dimensional migration routes across the Baltic Sea (i.e. flight tracks, altitudes, phenology and diurnal patterns), to inform collision‐risk models and assess potential conflicts with current and future OWFs. Despite a broad‐front migration, we identified core migration areas in the south‐western Baltic Sea (and adjacent mainland), largely overlapping with already operating OWFs. Generalized linear models based on a resampling procedure to overcome autocorrelation of tracking data showed that flight altitudes across the sea and during autumn (median: 60 m) were significantly lower than those across land (median: 335 m) and during spring (median across sea: 150; median across land: 576 m). Across the sea, curlews spent 74.8% and 62.2% of their migration times below 300 m during autumn and spring, respectively, indicating a potentially high collision risk with OWFs. The mean flight speed was 56.3 km/h (±20.3 km/h). Migration intensity was highest at night over a 10‐day period during April, suggesting that restricted turbine operation for several days might be a possible management measure. Our study showed that, even for broad‐front migrants, it is possible to identify particularly sensitive sea areas deserving special protection enabling a sound marine spatial planning. This is a crucial finding also for various other shorebirds on the East Atlantic Flyway. Further studies are needed to assess the behavioural reactions of migrating birds with respect to OWFs using high‐resolution tracking data.
Work-From-Home Productivity and Job Satisfaction: A Double-Layered Moderated Mediation Model

This study was conducted against the backdrop of the global-pandemic-induced change in work climate resulting in employees working from home (WFH). The current study investigated the relationship between work-from-home productivity (WFHP) and job satisfaction. Using a structured survey instrument, data were collected from 1158 respondents from a developing country, India. After checking the psychometric properties of the measures using the LISREL software of structural equation modeling (SEM), data were analyzed using Hayes’s PROCESS macros. The findings indicate that: (i) WFHP positively predicts (a) job satisfaction and (b) work–life balance (WLB), (ii) WLB positively predicts job satisfaction, and (iii) WLB mediates the relationship between WFHP and job satisfaction. The results also support that (i) work stress moderates the relationship between WFHP and WLB, (ii) work–personal life enhancement (WPLE) (second moderator) moderates the moderated relationship between WFHP and work stress (first moderator) in influencing WLB, (iii) emotional exhaustion moderates the relationship between WLB and job satisfaction, and (iv) WPLE (second moderator) moderates the relationship between WLB and emotional exhaustion (first moderator) in influencing job satisfaction. The first three-way interaction between WFHP, work stress, and WLB and the second three-way interaction between WLB, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction have been investigated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The conceptual double-layered moderated mediation model is a novel idea, and the results significantly contribute to the literature on WLB and job satisfaction. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.
The power of folk ideas in economic policy and the central bank–commercial bank analogy

ABSTRACT This article argues that policy-makers’ non-expert or ‘folk’ ideas can affect policy outcomes in a way that challenges the assumption of economic policy-making being guided by expert ideas emanating from the realm of economics and other sciences. To substantiate this argument, the article invokes literatures on audience costs as well as on economic folk theories to highlight the power of analogies and fallacies in the formulation of policy. While political economists have focused exclusively on the power of the ‘household analogy’ in the area of fiscal policy, much less is known about its monetary policy equivalent, which the article introduces as the ‘bank analogy’. Empirically, the analogy is assessed in the context of what is arguably a least likely case for the power of folk ideas to hold: the European Central Bank's governance of its balance sheet, the most powerful balance sheet in Europe.
Reconstruction of medial collateral ligament and posterior oblique ligament of the knee using anatomically routed semitendinosus transfer: a retrospective case series

Background: Double bundle reconstruction of superficial medial collateral (sMCL) and posterior oblique (POL) ligaments with a single femoral tunnel using distally based semitendinosus is a traditional procedure for management of medial knee ligament complex injuries. However, the transferred tendon was always routed in nonanatomical configuration. The author reports the clinical outcomes and complications in a reconstruction technique with anatomical graft routing method. Methods: Fourteen patients with International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) grade 3 or 4 valgus instability and anteromedial rotatory instability underwent reconstruction of sMCL and POL by anatomically routed semitendinosus tendon transfer. The average age of the patients was 36.6 yr. Medial-sided knee ligament injury was isolated in two patients and part of multiligament knee injury in 12 patients. The average duration between injury and surgery was 7 wk (range 2 to 25). Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at final follow-up. Results: After a median follow-up of 29.5 mo (range, 24 to 36), the mean Lysholm and IKDC subjective scores improved from 27 (2.95) and 46.8 (8.26) preoperatively to 87.6 (3.44) and 71.7 (3.68) at latest follow-up (P<0.05), respectively. Nine patients (64.3%) returned at a preinjury Tegner score level at final follow-up. Both medial and posteromedial laxity were significantly improved on physical examination (P<0.01). No patients had recurrent laxity of medial knee reconstruction or any concurrent cruciate ligament reconstructions. Conclusions: Reconstruction of sMCL and POL using anatomically routed semitendinosus transfer showed favorable clinical outcomes without recurrence of medial or anteromedial instability after midterm follow-up. Level of Evidence: Level IV.
Research Note On the frequency of the CS (J: 2$\rightarrow$1) and (J: 5$\rightarrow$4) transitions

While conducting high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) observations of multiple transitions and different isotopomers of CS, SO and CO towards L183 (also known as L134N), we found that the CS ( J : 2$\rightarrow$1) line frequency established by Kuiper et al. ([CITE]) during observations towards L1498 was in disagreement with our observations. We have consequently repeated their observations towards that object, but in a slightly different manner by observing simultaneously the CS ( J : 2$\rightarrow$1) line at 98 GHz and the CCS ( J N : 8$_7\rightarrow7_6$) line at 94 GHz with the same telescope and the same receivers therefore eliminating the possibility of errors associated with either software or hardware. We found that our L183 data was best described with the standard frequency of 97 980.95 MHz. We also found a real difference in the velocity position of the CS and CCS peaks in L1498, but one only half that reported by Kuiper et al. ([CITE]). Most importantly, we have established that the L1498 cloud is not well-suited to set the CS ( J : 2$\rightarrow$1) frequency despite the exceptional narrowness of the lines. The CS ( J : 2$\rightarrow$1) line shape is far from Gaussian and suffers from strong effects, due either to large-scale movements (infall and/or rotation), or to self-absorption, or both. These results and other works (Lemme et al. [CITE]; Lee et al. [CITE]) have convinced us that these observations are consistent with the standard CS ( J : 2$\rightarrow$1) line frequency. We also checked the C 34 S ( J : 2$\rightarrow$1) and the CS ( J : 5$\rightarrow$4) transitions and found a major discrepancy for the latter with the JPL catalogue. Finally, CS transitions have been recently re-measured in the laboratory by Gottlieb et al. ([CITE]) with high precision and are found to be consistent with our interpretation.
Composite Analysis of Aerosol Direct Radiative Effects on Meteorology During Wintertime Severe Haze Events in the North China Plain

Previous studies on the impacts of severe haze episode on meteorology were generally focused on single episodes. This study aimed to obtain the common features of the influence of aerosol direct radiative effects on meteorology during severe particulate pollution events by composite analyses on model results from the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with online chemistry. Five heavily polluted events (15–17 January 2014, 13–15 January 2015, 8–10 December 2015, 21–23 December 2015, and 29–31 December 2016) in the North China Plain (NCP, 35.4–41.2°N, 113.3–119.3°E) were selected, which were representative of the most frequently observed weather patterns for severe haze. Model results showed that aerosols in the five heavily polluted events led to strong negative changes in radiative flux of 52.1–86.7 W m−2, reductions in the 2‐m temperature by 0.28–0.97°C, and the reductions in planetary boundary layer heights by 23.1–58.5 m, when averaged over the areas with PM2.5 concentrations >150 μg m−3. The magnitudes of aerosol induced changes in the 2‐m temperature were found to be influenced not only by aerosol concentration but also by wind speed, wind direction, and the convergence or divergence of winds. High wind speed diluted the aerosol‐induced cooling, the convergence of wind limited the temperature change to local area, and the intrusion of cold air mass near the surface enhanced the aerosol‐induced cooling. In all the cases, aerosols induced an anti‐cyclone at 500 hPa around NCP and anomalous northerlies or northeasterlies at the surface in the eastern NCP.
Mathematical analysis of high-order three-phase-lagging models

Abstract The aim of this article is to provide an in-depth discussion about thermoelastic models able to take into account the effect of ultrafast strain of a deformable conductor coupled with a very refined behavior in terms of heat exchange, depicted through three distinct relaxation times and their related high-order effects. In particular, the well-posedness question is investigated dealing with a linear anisotropic and inhomogeneous medium, being able to prove the uniqueness as well as the continuous dependence of the solutions for suitable initial-boundary value problems. From a technical point of view, we underline that the main tools used are identifiable: i. in the introduction of an apposite integral operator that enters into the handling of the model, appropriately modifying the original initial-boundary value problem; ii. in the application of the Lagrange identity method in combination with the time-weighted function method and with an exponentially time-weighted Poincaré inequality. It is worth emphasizing that the results achieved are valid under very weak assumptions made on the thermoelastic features of the model.
A Spatiotemporal Constrained Machine Learning Method for OCO-2 Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) Reconstruction

Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is an intuitive and accurate way to measure vegetation photosynthesis. Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2)-retrieved SIF has shown great potential in estimating terrestrial gross primary production (GPP), but the discontinuous spatial coverage limits its application. Although some researchers have reconstructed OCO-2 SIF data, few have considered the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of the swath-distributed data, which can induce large uncertainties. In this article, we propose a spatiotemporal constrained light gradient boosting machine model (ST-LGBM) to reconstruct a contiguous OCO-2 SIF product (eight days, 0.05°), considering the data distribution characteristics. Two spatial and temporal constraining factors are introduced to utilize the relationships between the swath-distributed OCO-2 samples, combining the geographical regularity and vegetation phenological characteristics. The results indicate that the ST-LGBM method can improve the reconstruction accuracy in the missing data areas ( $R^{2}= 0.79$ ), with an increment of 0.05 in $R^{2}$ . The declined accuracy of the traditional light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) method in the missing data areas is well alleviated in our results. The real-data comparison with TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) SIF observations also shows that the results of the ST-LGBM method can achieve a much better consistency, in both spatial distribution and temporal variation. The sensitivity analysis also shows that the ST-LGBM can support stable results when using various input combinations or different machine learning models. This approach represents an innovative way to reconstruct a more accurate globally continuous OCO-2 SIF product and also provides references to reconstruct other data with a similar distribution.
Stressful Experiences of Parents in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit: Searching for the Most Intensive PICU Stressors

Hospitalization of a child in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is extremely stressful, both for the child and for his or her family. The purpose of this study was to gain deeper insight into the stressful experiences of parents of children hospitalized in the PICU. This study included 96 parents. The data were collected using a translated and standardized scale “The Parental Stressor Scale: Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PSS: PICU)”. This study confirms high exposure of parents to numerous PICU stressors. The most intense PICU stressor for parents was child’s breathing depending on the ventilator (4.22 ± 1.17), and the least intense was child’s demanding behaviour (1.17 ± 0.33). A significant positive correlation between the level of parents’ perceived stress and the number of their children was recorded (r = 0.240, p = 0.02), while there was no significant correlation between the level of stress and other sociodemographic variables. A significantly higher level of stress was experienced by parents with primary school education (p = 0.032) and parents who are not healthcare professionals (p < 0.01). It is necessary to establish a system that will enable continuous assessment of parents’ stress levels and timely prevention of stressful experiences for parents in the PICU.
Plasma Leptin and Adiponectin after a 4-Week Vegan Diet: A Randomized-Controlled Pilot Trial in Healthy Participants

Adiponectin and leptin are important mediators of metabolic homeostasis. The actions of these adipokines extend beyond adipocytes and include systemic modulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, nutrient flux, and the immune response to changes in nutrition. Herein, we hypothesized that short-term intervention with a vegan diet might result in an improvement of plasma concentrations of adiponectin and leptin and the leptin/adiponectin ratio. We investigated the response of plasma adiponectin and leptin to a 4-week intervention with a vegan or meat-rich diet and its associations with sex, BMI and nutritional intake. Fifty-three healthy, omnivore participants (62% female, average age 31 years and BMI 23.1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to a vegan or meat-rich diet for 4 weeks. Plasma adiponectin and leptin were lower in men compared to women both at the beginning and end of the trial. The concentration of adiponectin in women was significantly higher both when comparing their transition from omnivorous to vegan diet (p = 0.023) and also for vegan versus meat-rich diet at the end of the trial (p = 0.001), whereas plasma leptin did not vary significantly. No changes in adiponectin were identified in men, yet an increase in leptin occurred upon their transition from an omnivorous to a meat-rich diet (p = 0.019). Examination of plasma adiponectin/leptin ratio, a proposed marker of cardiovascular risk, did not differ after 4-weeks of dietary intervention. Our study revealed that adiponectin and leptin concentrations are sensitive to short-term dietary intervention in a sex-dependent manner. This dietary modification of leptin and adiponectin not only occurs quickly as demonstrated in our study, but it remains such as published in studies with individuals who are established (long-term) vegetarians compared to omnivorous.
Groups amplify the perceived threat and justification for using force against Black people protesting for racial equality—especially among social conservatives

Although most antiracism protests of 2020 were peaceful, at times, there was extreme use of force. Drawing on research that groups amplify intergroup threats, we test whether use of force is perceived as particularly justified against groups of Black people protesting racism. In Study 1, White Americans perceived a group of Black people peacefully protesting racism to be more threatening and more deserving of use of force than the same Black people protesting individually. Notably, when the protest topic did not threaten the racial hierarchy (i.e., environmental protection), Black groups (vs. individuals) no longer amplified perceived threat nor support for force. Studies 2 and 3 demonstrated that this tendency for groups to amplify intergroup threat was stronger among White Americans motivated to maintain the status quo (i.e., social conservatives). We conclude that Black groups protesting racism activate intergroup threats with implications for support for using force against them.
Initial results from the Helios-1 search-coil magnetometer experiment

The Helios search-coil magnetometer experiments provide a un ique potential for studies of electromagnetic plasma wave modes in the solar wind between 0.3-1 A.U. because of excellent background noise levels, high time-resolution and high accuracy. Daily average spectral densities (y/VHz) in the frequency range from 4.7 Hz-220 Hz show a pronounced increase as the sun is approached with complex superposed variations. Their values have a range of more than an order of magnitude. The shock of January 6, 1975 provides an interesting example for the use of high time-resolution spectral data. The fine structure and the long term variations in wave fields after the perpendicular shock are discussed. Also two interesting examples of "mag netic holes" are presented.
Tissue Rotation of the Xenopus Anterior–Posterior Neural Axis Reveals Profound but Transient Plasticity at the Mid-Gastrula Stage

The establishment of anterior–posterior (AP) regional identity is an essential step in the appropriate development of the vertebrate central nervous system. An important aspect of AP neural axis formation is the inherent plasticity that allows developing cells to respond to and recover from the various perturbations that embryos continually face during the course of development. While the mechanisms governing the regionalization of the nervous system have been extensively studied, relatively less is known about the nature and limits of early neural plasticity of the anterior–posterior neural axis. This study aims to characterize the degree of neural axis plasticity in Xenopus laevis by investigating the response of embryos to a 180-degree rotation of their AP neural axis during gastrula stages by assessing the expression of regional marker genes using in situ hybridization. Our results reveal the presence of a narrow window of time between the mid- and late gastrula stage, during which embryos are able undergo significant recovery following a 180-degree rotation of their neural axis and eventually express appropriate regional marker genes including Otx, Engrailed, and Krox. By the late gastrula stage, embryos show misregulation of regional marker genes following neural axis rotation, suggesting that this profound axial plasticity is a transient phenomenon that is lost by late gastrula stages.
Gut and Gill-Associated Microbiota of the Flatfish European Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa): Diversity, Metabolome and Bioactivity against Human and Aquaculture Pathogens

Similar to other marine holobionts, fish are colonized by complex microbial communities that promote their health and growth. Fish-associated microbiota is emerging as a promising source of bioactive metabolites. Pleuronectes platessa (European plaice, plaice), a flatfish with commercial importance, is common in the Baltic Sea. Here we used a culture-dependent survey followed by molecular identification to identify microbiota associated with the gills and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of P. platessa, then profiled their antimicrobial activity and metabolome. Altogether, 66 strains (59 bacteria and 7 fungi) were isolated, with Proteobacteria being the most abundant phylum. Gill-associated microbiota accounted for higher number of isolates and was dominated by the Proteobacteria (family Moraxellaceae) and Actinobacteria (family Nocardiaceae), whereas Gram-negative bacterial families Vibrionaceae and Shewanellaceae represented the largest group associated with the GIT. The EtOAc extracts of the solid and liquid media cultures of 21 bacteria and 2 fungi representing the diversity of cultivable plaice-associated microbiota was profiled for their antimicrobial activity against three fish pathogens, human bacterial pathogen panel (ESKAPE) and two human fungal pathogens. More than half of all tested microorganisms, particularly those originating from the GIT epithelium, exhibited antagonistic effect against fish pathogens (Lactococcus garvieae, Vibrio ichthyoenteri) and/or human pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Proteobacteria represented the most active isolates. Notably, the solid media extracts displayed higher activity against fish pathogens, while liquid culture extracts were more active against human pathogens. Untargeted metabolomics approach using feature-based molecular networking showed the high chemical diversity of the liquid extracts that contained undescribed clusters. This study highlights plaice-associated microbiota as a potential source of antimicrobials for the control of human and the aquaculture-associated infections. This is the first study reporting diversity, bioactivity and chemical profile of culture-dependent microbiota of plaice.
On the existence of maximal semidefinite invariant subspaces for J-dissipative operators

For a certain class of operators we present some necessary and sufficient conditions for a J-dissipative operator in a Kreĭn space to have maximal semidefinite invariant subspaces. We investigate the semigroup properties of restrictions of the operator to these invariant subspaces. These results are applied to the case when the operator admits a matrix representation with respect to the canonical decomposition of the space. The main conditions are formulated in terms of interpolation theory for Banach spaces. Bibliography: 25 titles.