Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computer science club for girls and boys – a survey study on gender differences

ABSTRACT Background and context: This study investigates differences in views of girl and boy members of a CS club.Objective:Understanding differences in the views of girls and boys regarding perceived parental attitudes and values, social support, appreciation of CS, and engagement in science and CS. Understanding differences in girls’ and boys’ view of CS, and future study and work aspirations related to science/CS.MMethod: A survey was distributed to all members of a CS club. 115 boys and 39 girls aged 9–16 completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 16.8%. Findings: Similar parental support was perceived by both genders, although girls are less likely to appreciate CS and to aspire to work or study CS. Girls tend to primarily talk to family about CS and science. Girls and boys have a similar perception of CS, but their motivation for wanting to work with CS varied.Implications:Having support, a broad understanding of CS, and a personal interest are critical aspects when it comes to girls’ participation in CS, but these are insufficient in making girls aspire to work or study CS. Educators need to reflect on other aspects of CS education that can promote girls’ aspiration in CS.
We Feel, Therefore We Memorize: Understanding Emotions in Learning Mathematics Using Neuroscience Research Perspectives

Emotionally significant experiences tend to be well remembered in learning Mathematics in the classroom. Recent advances in neuroscientific methods have led to an increased understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying emotions in learning mathematics. The aim of this research is to use neuroscience research perspectives in classroom setting involving students’ emotion in learning Mathematics and its relationship with memory. Therefore, this research examined how students’ emotions in learning Mathematics and its relationship with their memory using mixed–method design. Data from survey (n= 644) and interview informants (n= 6) indicated positive emotions (enjoyment, hope, pride) negative emotions (shame, anger, boredom, anxiety) and memory. Students who accurately identified positive emotions indicated they were more likely to learn Mathematics compared to negative emotions, and findings indicated a strong, positive correlation between positive emotions and memory. Qualitative findings indicated that students who are more likely prefer positive emotions in learning could lead to better memory compared to negative emotions. Moreover, interview data showed that memory performance in Mathematics increased when teacher has embedded positive emotions through the use of humor in teaching, inspiring student with positive words and engaging student in classroom. This study supports neuroscience research findings that positive emotions influence students' memory in learning mathematics. Thus, this study provides insight for teachers to emphasize the importance of positive emotions in learning mathematics as well as reduce negative emotions.
Notes on Some Species of Colura (Lejeuneaceae, Jungermanniopsida), with Description of Colura Cataractarum from Madagascar

Examination of about one hundred unidentified Colura specimens resulted in new distributional data of eleven uncommon species, C. australiensis, C. bicornis, C. calyptrifolia, C. crispiloba, C. cristata, C. heimii, C. humbertii, C. imperfecta, C. obesa, C. rhynchophora, C. saroltae and a new species of sect. Colura from Madagascar, C. cataractarum.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Tehran Citizens regarding the Social Distancing rules and its Related Factors during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Due to the importance of social distancing in reducing the risk of transmission in Covid-19, contributing factors on success or failure of these rules are still unknown in Iran. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of the public about this rule and its requirements during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 400 citizens over 18 years of age in Tehran city. Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding social distancing were assessed using a questionnaire and collected using electronic method (online). Data were analyzed using STATA software version 14 and descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: 371 (response rate: 92.5%) residents completed the questionnaire. 24% (n=27) knew the social distancing well. The mean ± SD of attitude score was 2.4±4 and 72% of the respondents was against the recommendation to observe intelligent distance. The mean knowledge and attitude scores were slightly higher in men than in women (3.69 vs. 3.55 and 2.51 vs. 2.20, respectively), but the mean practice score was lower in men (3.44 vs. 3.77) and all were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The respondents' knowledge of the rule of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic was good, although people do not have a positive attitude towards this law. Although in some cases, such as in-person shopping, it was necessary to comply with this law, in most cases, such as keeping a distance of at least 1.5 meters with other people, avoiding handshakes, kissing and traveling was observed by a small percentage of people.
Differential performance impacts of outsider and insider interim CEO successions

ABSTRACT This study finds differential performance impacts of outsider and insider interim CEO successions. Stock markets react incrementally positively to interim CEO successions when the interim CEOs are from outside rather than inside firms. Relative to insider interim CEOs, outsider interim CEOs produce worse earnings performance and greater restructuring charges during their services but lead more frequently to outsider permanent CEO appointments followed by better long-term earnings performance. Our findings suggest that market reactions to interim CEO successions rationally impound the investors’ expectation that outsider relative to insider interim CEO successions will generate greater short-term disruption but pave the way for greater long-term performance improvement.
Ethnoichthyology of Fishing Communities in the Lower Valley of Ouémé in Benin, West Africa

Ethno-ichthyological knowledge can improve fisheries management. This study covers interactions between ecological, morphological, and sociocultural aspects pertaining to the fish of the Tovè River, which is located in the largest fishing area in the Republic of Benin (Ouémé Valley), West Africa. In particular, data were collected on fishing methods and techniques, fishing equipment, and ichthyofauna by noting vernacular names followed by identification traits, taste and dietary value, medicinal use, and related knowledge of different species. Through data related to names given locally to fish, this paper highlights the manner in which physical or behavioral traits are coded in terminology. Most of these species have a high market value, either because they are considered to be delicacies and/or for their medicinal uses. The results suggest that ethno-ichthyological information can successfully be applied to improve fish conservation and fisheries management. Received March 21, 2020 OPEN ACCESS Accepted September 23, 2020 DOI 10.14237/ebl.11. 1.2020. 1686 Published October 16, 2020
Contribution to the macromycetes of West Bengal, India: 63–68

West Bengal, a significant landmass of eastern India with its varied topography, edaphic, and climatic conditions facilitates diversified forest types and conducive microhabitats for a wide array of macro-fungal wealth and the members of Aphyllophorales in particular. Detailed macro-microscopic characterizations and chemical reactions were performed to systematically identify the specimens using standard key and literatures. Six members of Aphyllophorales collected from different parts of West Bengal, India and four species belonging to the family Polyporaceae [Hexagonia tenuis (Fr.) Fr. , Polyporus arcularius (Batsch) Fr. , P. tricholoma Mont. and Lenzites elegans (Spreng.) Pat. ] were identified, and a single species was identified under Meripiliaceae [Physisporinus lineatus (Pers.) F. Wu, Jia J. Chen & Y.C. Dai] and Meruliaceae [Bjerkandera fumosa (Pers.) P. Karst. ]. The detailed description along with field and herbarium photographs, macro-morphology, and microscopic features of six species are provided in this article.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND OCCUPATIONAL STATUS WITH UNWANTED PREGNACNY RISK AMONG COUPLES OF CHILDBEARING AGE

Unwanted pregnancy is a world problem. In 2008, there were 208 million pregnancies in the world, and 41% of them were unwanted pregnancy. Cross-national reproductive health studies have indicated that the unwanted pregnancy rates remain substantially high in many developing regions, including in Indonesia (Bearak et al. 2018). Unwanted pregnancies in Indonesia increased from 13.6% in 2012 to 16% in 2015. The high rates of unwanted pregnancies are often linked to the gaps in family planning services such as the effective use of contraceptive methods which is also influenced by family socioeconomic backgrounds such as their occupational status. Using the case study at health clinics of PKBI in East Java, this paper attempts to explore the association or relationship between the risk of unwanted pregnancy among couples of childbearing age (CCA) with their use of contraceptive methods and occupational status. A quantitative method of a case-control research design was applied by using a random sampling technique. The study was 50 women couples of childbearing age (15–45 years), who had unwanted and wanted pregnancies. Simple correlation analysis shows that the association are relatively significant between the occurrence of an unwanted pregnancy with the long-term contraceptive use (p-value = 0.008), and with the employed in occupational status (p-value = 0.027). However, there is no correlation between the unwanted pregnancy occurrence with the short-term contraceptives use (p-value = 0.118). The study concludes that the use of short-term contraceptive methods and the employed status can still affect the risk of unwanted pregnancies, while the effective use of long-term contraceptive method has a vital role in preventing unwanted pregnancies.
Investigating Organic Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer for Sustainable Maize (Zea mays) Production in Southwestern Nigeria

Aim: This research investigated the utilization of livestock manure as nutrient source in maize farming. Place and Duration: The field experiment was carried out at the research field of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Lagos State Field Office, Nigeria during the late planting season (July/August) of 2019. Methodology: An experimental field research was conducted to compare the variation in the vegetative parameters and yields of maize grown with different livestock wastes. The experiment consisted of six treatments, cattle, pig, poultry, sheep manures, NPK and control experiment set-up in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replicates. The following data were recorded during the experiment: plant height, number of leaves, number of days to first tasselling and silking, number of cob, cob length, effective cob length, cob diameter, cob weight, ear weight, 100 grain weight, grain yield and shelling percentage. Data recorded were exposed to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the means were separated with Duncan Multiple Range Test. Original Research Article Olatunji et al.; AJEE, 13(4): 31-40, 2020; Article no.AJEE. 61168 32 Results: The plant height and number of leaves recorded at 9 Weeks After Planting were 215.53, 217.57, 219.69, 188.85, 219.19, 182.76 and 13.60, 13.40, 13.8, 12.4, 13.8, 12.2 cm for cattle, pig, poultry, sheep, NPK and control respectively while the yield were 3193.00, 3055.20, 3513.00, 2855.00, 3791.00 and 1523.80 kg/ha for cattle, pig, poultry, sheep, NPK and control respectively. Conclusion: Considering the yields recorded, it has shown that cattle, pig, poultry and sheep manures are suitable for sustainable maize growth and is a means of livestock waste management.
The Political Economy of Development Banking

Because protectionism is now less relevant for supporting learning and innovation, development banking has assumed a greater role in industrial policy. This chapter presents the economic reasoning as to why state-sponsored development banking corrects market failures and creates productive capacities. Drawing on case studies, it explores how development banking enhances firm capacities to learn and innovate while also enhancing the technical capacity of state bureaucracy to design and monitor state support of industrial policy. The chapter makes an original contribution, discussing why and how economies that encourage or mobilize diversified sources of long-run finance (rather than relying on one state-owned development bank) enhance the effectiveness of their industrial policies. Finally, it examines one of the world’s largest and well-run national development banks, the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES). This case study is useful for emphasizing the broader political economy and macroeconomic context in which national development banking takes place.
Impact of visually guided versus blind techniques of insertion on the incidence of malposition of Ambu® AuraGain™ in paediatric patients undergoing day care surgeries: A prospective, randomised trial

Background and Aims: In adults, video laryngoscopy is recommended for supraglottic airway device (SGAD) placement as it results in better device position and higher oropharyngeal leak pressures. In children, there is a paucity of studies evaluating the impact of visually guided techniques on SGAD placement. Aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of visual-guided techniques of SGAD placement in children. Methods: Totally, 75 children, scheduled for elective surgery, were randomly allocated into three groups, that is, standard (S), direct laryngoscopy (DL), and video laryngoscopy (VL). Ambu AuraGain was placed blindly in group S, and under visual guidance with video laryngoscopy and direct laryngoscopy in groups VL and DL, respectively. Ambu AuraGain position was determined by flexible videoendoscope. First attempt success rate, time for successful insertion, oropharyngeal leak and any complications were studied. Results: Incidence of malposition was not significantly different in group S (44%), DL (48%), and VL (64%); P = 0.32. The first attempt success rate was 100% in DL and 92% each in S and VL. Time to insert (seconds) was significantly higher in VL (37.9 ± 21.6), compared to S (18.4 ± 7.9) and DL (27.4 ± 14.5); P <0.001. Incidence of oropharyngeal leak, impact on ventilation, and complications were similar in all three groups. Conclusion: In this study, there was no advantage of visually guided techniques for Ambu AuraGain placement in children.
Corrections and Crime in Spain and Portugal during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Impact, Prevention and Lessons for the Future

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the impact that the Covid-19 pandemic has had on corrections and crime in the southern region of Europe formed by Spain and Portugal. The main mechanisms of transmission of Covid-19 are the physical proximity between people and the fact of sharing eventually infected targets. In prisons and other correctional contexts people live in close proximity and share the same facilities. As a result, the correctional context has proven to be a critical “hot spot” for the transmission of the Covid-19 pandemic in inmates and correctional staff. First, the magnitude of the infection and their associated health and psychosocial problems (prison incidents, social isolation…) are described. Second, the main sanitary, social, and correctional measures applied to prevent contagion and their related damages are presented (lockdown, use of communication technologies with families, etc.). Third, it is analyzed whether there has been a relationship between the confinement caused by the pandemic and the crime rates observed in Spain and Portugal during this same period. Finally, from the impact in corrections of pandemic and the actions taken to fight it, several important lessons are derived for the future improvement of correctional systems.
‘It was daunting. I was 18 and I left residential care and there was no support whatsoever’: a scoping study into the transition from out-of-home-care process in Tasmania, Australia

Abstract Young people who leave Out-of-Home Care (OoHC) are a significantly vulnerable cohort. No after-care support program to date has been completely informed by young people and their care team. This scoping study explored the perspectives of young people and their wider care team on: (1) challenges surrounding the transition process; and (2) how these challenges can be addressed. Semi-structured interviews and focus group sessions were conducted with 33 stakeholders from OoHC (i.e., young people in care; young people who had transitioned from care; carers; caseworkers and senior OoHC executives). Four themes captured the challenges of transitioning out of care, including: (1) inadequate processes underpinning the transition; (2) instability within the family unit; (3) financial challenges and (4) lack of independence during care. Stakeholders agreed that greater support during the transition process is necessary, including life-skills training while in care and a post-care worker and/or mentor to provide after-care support. These findings provide compelling insights into the challenges that young people transitioning from OoHC experience and possible solutions for how such challenges can be addressed. These findings will inform the development and delivery of a co-designed and specialised after-care support service for this population.
The relationship between internal lean practices and sustainable performance: exploring the mediating role of social performance

Abstract This study clarifies the relationship between internal lean practices (ILP) and sustainable performance using the triple bottom line framework (i.e. social, environmental and operational). A conceptual model grounded in the natural resource-based view and resource orchestration theory is empirically tested using data collected from manufacturing companies in Chile. The survey data are analysed using structural equation modelling. The results reveal that ILP is significantly and positively associated with environmental performance and social performance. Further, social performance was found to fully mediate the relationship between ILP and operational performance, and partially mediate the effect of ILP on environmental performance.
Numerical modeling of highly swirling flows in a through‐flow cylindrical hydrocyclone

This article aims to identify the most appropriate numerical methodology for simulating hydrocyclone flows with high swirl numbers. The numerical results are validated against the tangential velocity measurements from a cylindrical hydrocyclone with a swirl number of 8.1, which is twice the typical swirl magnitude of industrial hydrocyclones. The linear and quadratic formulations of the Reynolds stress transport (RST) model are used to simulate the anisotropic swirling turbulent flow three-dimensionally in the commercial software package Fluent (TM). The tangentical velocity profiles predicted by the quadratic RST model are in good agreement with experimental data. They also show Rankine vortex patterns over the entire flow domain. In contrast, the linear RST model fails to predict this important swirl flow feature. In addition, both models predicted a complex axial flow reversal pattern not previously reported in hydrocyclones. This study clearly shows that the quadratic RST model is preferable for future hydrocyclone simulations, especially when the swirl number is large. All necessary physical and numerical parameters used to obtain converged results are given in this article.
Polypseudopeptides with Variable Stereochemistry: Synthesis via Click-Chemistry, Postfunctionalization, and Conformational Behavior in Solution

Polypseudopeptides with well-defined stereochemistries have been synthesized from readily available amino-acid-based building blocks by connecting (L,L)- or (L,D)-dipeptide AB-monomers carrying azide and alkyne termini via triazole amide-isosteres efficiently formed in the course of the "click" reaction. Deprotection of the thus-prepared lysine-based polypseudopeptides of both all-(L)- and (D)-alt-(L)-stereo- chemistries afforded water-soluble polymers with ionizable amino side chains, which could be fully labeled with pyrene chromophores via quantitative amide bond formation. The conformational behavior of the deprotected as well as the pyrene-labeled polymers was investigated using UV/vis, CD, and fluorescence spectroscopies. On one hand, the free polyamines display pH-dependent conformations in water. On the otherhand,thepyrene-labeledpolypseudopeptideschangetheirconformationinresponsetovaryingorganic solvent composition. Whereas the strictly alternating polypseudopeptides structurally resemble channel- forming peptides, such as the Gramicidin family, the incorporation of (D)-configured amino acids as well as triazole amide-isosteres should lead to interesting new materials for bioapplications.
Macrofossil evidence of alder (Alnus sp.) in Britain early in the Late Glacial Interstadial: implications for the northern cryptic refugia debate

Wood macrofossil remains of alder and willow/poplar have been recovered from a sediment sequence in the valley of the Turker Beck in the Vale of Mowbray, North Yorkshire. These remains have yielded radiocarbon dates early in the Devensian Late Glacial (14.7–14k cal a bp), equivalent to the early part of the Greenland Interstadial (GI‐1e) of the GRIP ice‐core record. These are the earliest dates recorded for the presence of alder in the Late Glacial in the British Isles. Associated biological remains have provided a palaeoenvironmental record for this early part of the Greenland Interstadial, generally indicative of open environments dominated by herbaceous taxa on both the wetland and dryland surfaces. However, stands of alder, birch and willow woodland were also present, and indicate the possibility that such tree species survived in cryptic refugia in Britain as elsewhere in northern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum. The absence of alder pollen at Turker Beck, in a sequence in which its macrofossil remains are relatively abundant, lends support to the view that pollen can be a poor indicator of the presence of tree species in Late Glacial sequences in northern and western Europe.
Beneficial Roles of Cellulose Patch-Mediated Cell Therapy in Myocardial Infarction: A Preclinical Study

Biological scaffolds have become an attractive approach for repairing the infarcted myocardium and have been shown to facilitate constructive remodeling in injured tissues. This study aimed to investigate the possible utilization of bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane patches containing cocultured cells to limit myocardial postinfarction pathology. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in 45 Wistar rats, and patches with or without cells were attached to the hearts. After one week, the animals underwent echocardiography to assess for ejection fraction and left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes. Following patch formation, the cocultured cells retained viability of >90% over 14 days in culture. The patch was applied to the myocardial surface of the infarcted area after staying 14 days in culture. Interestingly, the BC membrane without cellular treatment showed higher preservation of cardiac dimensions; however, we did not observe improvement in the left ventricular ejection fraction of this group compared to coculture-treated membranes. Our results demonstrated an important role for BC in supporting cells known to produce cardioprotective soluble factors and may thus provide effective future therapeutic outcomes for patients suffering from ischemic heart disease.