Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Étude chez l'huître creuse, Crassostrea gigas, des anomalies génomiques provoquées par l'exposition à des concentrations environnementales de diuron : caractérisation des atteintes, étude de leur héritabilité et conséquences pour la survie et la croissance des naissains

Les objectifs de cette these etaient de determiner (1) les effets d’un herbicide, le diuron, sur le genome de l'huitre creuse, (2) la possible transmission des dommages a l'ADN a la descendance ainsi que (3) les consequences physiologiques associees. La genotoxicite du diuron et la transmission verticale des dommages a l'ADN ont ete demontrees apres une exposition parentale a des concentrations environnementales de diuron pendant la periode de gametogenese. Des lesions primaires a l’ADN ont ete detectees aussi bien dans les cellules somatiques que dans les cellules germinales des geniteurs exposes. La detection de la base oxydee 8-oxodGuo dans les gonades montre que l'exposition au diuron a conduit a un stress oxydant qui vraisemblablement explique les cassures a l’ADN observees dans les spermatozoides. La transmission de ces dommages a l’ADN a ete confirmee par la technique d’hybridation in situ : des noyaux aneuploides ont ete detectes chez les embryons issus des geniteurs exposes au diuron. Cette hyper- et hypodiploidie concerne notamment les genes ribosomaux 5S et 18-5. 8-28S presents sur les chromosomes 4, 5 et 10. Les analyses de cytometrie en flux montrent la survie d’individus hypodiploides au stade naissain. Cette transmission verticale de materiel genetique endommage s'accompagne d'effets deleteres au niveau de la physiologie des descendants (anomalies de developpement, retard de croissance). Les donnees acquises au cours de cette these contribuent a une meilleure connaissance des effets a long terme de l'exposition a des polluants genotoxiques. Dans le contexte des mortalites massives, la presence de polluants chimiques pourrait contribuer a un affaiblissement des huitres face a la presence de pathogenes ou a des conditions physicochimiques du milieu defavorables
The Chemical Ecology of Hydrastis Canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae): Effects of Root Isoquinoline Alkaloids on the Hydrastis Endophyte, Fusarium oxysporum

Title of dissertation: THE CHEMICAL ECOLOGY OF HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS L. (RANUNCULACEAE):EFFECTS OF ROOT ISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS ON THE HYDRASTIS ENDOPHYTE, FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM Michael Curtis Tims, Doctor of Philosophy, 2006 Dissertation directed by: Professor George A. Bean Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L., Ranunculaceae) is a popular medicinal plant and has been listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). The herbaceous perennial is distributed in North America under deciduous forest canopies throughout much of the south and eastern seaboard north into Canada. The rhizome, rootlets and root hairs produce medicinally active alkaloids. Although berberine, one of the Hydrastis alkaloids, has shown anti-fungal activity, the influence of Hydrastis alkaloids on the plant rhizosphere fungal ecology has not been investigated. While a Fusarium spp. was previously isolated from H. canadensis, this is the first report of a F. oxysporum endophyte isolated from Hydrastis root tissue. Additionally, F. solani was isolated from non-rhizosphere soil surrounding Hydrastis root tissue. A bioassay was developed to study the effect of goldenseal isoquinoline alkaloids on three Fusarium isolates, including the two species isolated from Hydrastis. And, in order to accurately detect the alkaloids, a HPLC-MS method was developed. The whole root extract treatment stimulated macroconidia germination and chlamydospore formation, while inducing mycotoxin production in the Hydrastis endophyte. Chlamydospore formation, macroconidial germination and mycotoxin production of PSU isolate, F. commune, was reduced by the whole root extract. The second Hydrastis isolate, F. solani, responded to the whole root extract by increasing germination rates, but with no other effects. The findings suggest that the Hydrastis root extract appears to provide selective advantage for the endophytic isolate and influences the fungal ecology associated with its root system. The Chemical Ecology of Hydrastis canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae):Effects of Root Isoquinoline Alkaloids on the Hydrastis Endophyte, Fusarium oxysporum
The Influence of Academic Preparation and Self-Efficacy on Graduates' Choice of and Persistence toward STEM Degrees.

by Sarah Jane Pooler, Ph.D. Washington State University December 2018 As our schools, districts, and government seek to effectively prepare students for postsecondary education and careers in STEM fields, many communities have created stand-alone STEM focused schools. While these schools have garnered attention, not much is understood about inclusive project-based STEM programs within comprehensive high schools. This study utilized social cognitive career theory in a mixed methods format framed by sequential explanatory design to understand the impact of self-efficacy and academic preparation developed in an inclusive STEM high school program on graduates’ choice of and persistence toward a college degree in a STEM discipline. The study involved fifty-two graduates of an inclusive project-based STEM program within an urban comprehensive high school. The academic preparation of the students in the STEM program included project-based learning and Advanced Placement classes. Survey results showed significant relationships between graduates’ number of Advanced Placement classes, their high school career goals, and their choice of and persistence toward a college degree in a STEM discipline. Interview results showed that self-efficacy was cultivated by learning through
Investigating the biosynthesis of halogenated meroterpenoid natural products from marine actinomycetes

The marine sediment-derived Streptomyces spp. CNQ-525 and CNQ-766 were recently characterized by the Fenical laboratory as a new group of marine sediment-derived actinomycetes, tentatively named the MAR4s. These bacteria are prolific producers of hybrid isoprenoids, including the meroterpenoid (polyketide-terpene) antibiotics that are rarely encountered from bacteria. Structural inspection of the meroterpenoid antibiotics belonging to the napyradiomycin family of chlorinated dihydroquinones suggests that the biosynthetic cyclization of their terpenoid subunits is initiated via a chloronium ion, which exists as hypochlorous acid. The vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases that are known to catalyze such reactions are distributed in fungi and marine algae and have yet to be characterized from bacteria. The MAR4 strain Streptomyces sp. CNQ-525 was used as a source for identifying novel halogenating enzymes. The cloning and sequence analysis of the 43-kb napyradiomycin biosynthetic cluster yielded an unprecedented arrangement of biosynthetic genes including a FADH2-dependent halogenase and three putative vanadium-dependent chloroperoxidases. Heterologous expression of the CNQ-525-based nap biosynthetic cluster in a surrogate host produced at least seven napyradiomycins, including the new analog 2-deschloro- 2-hydroxy-A80915C. These data revealed the molecular basis behind the biosynthesis of these novel meroterpenoid natural products, and also resulted in the first identification of vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases from a prokaryote. Preliminary biochemical data suggests both NapH1 and NapH3 from the napyradiomycin biosynthetic cluster are vanadium-dependent chloroperoxidases and inactivation of the napH1 gene resulted in the first in vivo verification of a vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase. The phthalazinone meroterpenoid azamerone was isolated by the Fenical- Jensen lab from the marine sediment-derived bacterium Streptomyces sp. CNQ- 766. Given the structural novelty of azamerone and its relation to the chlorinated meroterpenoids, a variety of feeding experiments with 13C and 15N-labeled molecules were used to explore the formation of its phthalazinone core. These experiments confirmed that azamerone’s phthalazinone core is derived from a naphthoquinone precursor such as in the chlorinated dihydroquinones and progresses through a diazo intermediate.
Entrepreneurial Inclination: South African Youth's Mental Attitude towards starting Tourism Business

This study assessed the tourism entrepreneurial intention of South African youth, and the mental attitude of those who have this intention. It used questionnaire survey to gather data from 207 youth resident in Mtubatuba Local Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa, to address the study objectives. Data analyses reveal that a significant percentage of the youth have tourism entrepreneurial intention. Those who perceive themselves as entrepreneurial individuals and willing to start tourism businesses in the future exhibit some distinct mindset. This mental attitude depicts these individuals to be innovative, transformational, risk takers, persistence, strong-minded, visionary, optimistic, and goal-getters. The South African Government, through its Department of Labour, need to optimize its strategic and operational plans to support these entrepreneurial youth in acquiring business education and entrepreneurial skills, to empower them realise their dreams of starting and managing their own businesses. This will help curb the high rate of unemployment in South Africa, especially among the youth.
Hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry : application to metabolites

The capability of the QqQLit hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer to profile endogenous metabolites has been assessed by the analysis of three different families of metabolites; nucleotides from bacteria and N-acyl ethanolamines and N-acyl glycerols from rat tissues. Mass spectrometry methods were developed based on employing a survey scan, either precursor ion or neutral loss, coupled with full product ion spectra. This approach identified families of metabolites with a common structural core and provided the structural information for the reliable identification of known and unknown metabolites. By targeting structural similarities, this approach has opened the window of metabolites that can be profiled beyond the constraints of available references standards. A method to profile phosphate containing endogenous metabolites, particularly nucleotide metabolites, was based on the identification of the phosphate moiety following collision induced dissociation. Employing a precursor ion scan, this approach was successfully applied to the analysis of nucleotides in bacterial samples Escherichia coli MG 1655 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A more comprehensive profile of nucleotides was observed compared to targeted approaches. Furthermore, a considerable number of additional analytes were identified which were unlikely to be nucleotides and probably result from other endogenous phosphate containing metabolites, demonstrating the scope of the approach outside nucleotides alone. The use of this methodology was also successful in the profiling ofN-acyl ethanolamines and N-acyl glycerols. Targeting core structures common to each family of metabolite, the ethanolmine and glycerol moiety, precursor ion and neutral loss survey scans were successfully employed in identifying a wider number of these metabolites in various rat tissues than previously reported. The profile of rat testi was notably different from other tissues investigated due to the presence of MAG and NAB C22:5; analytes not detected in other tissues by this method. Furthermore, as far as it can be ascertained, MAG C22:5 has not been previously reported in rat tissues. A quantitative method based on precursor ion - product ion transitions was developed based on the NABs and MAGs identified by the survey scans. By employing this method to analyze various rat tissues harvested immediately after death and five hours post mortem, quantitative data was obtained not only for a broad range of NABs and MAGs at basal levels but also an insight into postmortem changes of these analytes.
The roles of Phospholipase C in oil biosynthesis in oilseeds

Research on the biosynthesis pathways of storage oil (triacylglycerol, or TAG) in plants has gained momentum for the last couple of decades. Despite significant achievements, a complete understanding of such pathways is still lacking. Also, the production of industrially important unusual oils such as hydroxy fatty acids (HFA) at the commercial level is limited in both native and transgenic plants. In this study, I have examined the roles of Phospholipase C in the TAG biosynthesis. To test roles of non-specific PLCs (NPCs) in TAG synthesis, FA composition was analyzed in mature seeds of T-DNA lines of 6 Arabidopsis npc T-DNA mutants. Among them, npc1, npc4 and npc6 showed increases in oleic acid (18:1) and decreases in lineoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3). The 18:1 was further increased in the npc1/npc6 double mutant compared to npc1 and npc6. These changes in FA profile suggest the role of NPCs in TAG biosynthesis. Given the possible roles of NPCs in TAG synthesis in the seeds of Arabidopsis, I searched for suitable PLC from Castor (RcPLC) for further investigation and to transform to the 7-1 line of Camelina sativa expressing a fatty acid hydroxylase (RcFAH12). From previously published Castor transcriptome, RcPLCL1 was the phospholipase C-like gene that was primarily expressed in the endosperm. Exploration of the RcPLCL1 protein using bioinformatics tools placed it to the PLC-like phosphodiesterase family which has not been characterized yet. Based on the sequence analyses, the protein contains the X domain for the PLC activity on phosphatidylinositols (PI), but it lacks the Y and C2 domains. Enzyme assays using heterologous expression in yeast showed that the protein had both PCand PI-PLC activities. Based on the genomic sequence analysis, 8 genes were found in Arabidopsis that were predicted to encode PLC-like phosphodiesterases. The seeds of 5 T-DNA knockout lines were analyzed for fatty acid composition, which showed decreased linolenic acid (18:3) and increased oleic acid (18:1). The FA composition change suggested the involvement of these proteins in oil biosynthesis in Arabidopsis seeds. Upon transformation of RcPLCL1 into the 7-1 line, HFA content in the seeds was increased to as high as 24% from 15%. Concurrently the amount of HFA decreased in the membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine (PC). However, the Arabidopsis homologue, AtPLCL1, did not increase the HFA in seeds of 7-1. These results suggest that RcPLCL1 is involved in HFA accumulation. The HFA-producing 7-1 plants were tested in the field. Results from two-year experiments indicated that both wild type and 7-1 demonstrated better performance for traits like oil content and yield. However, the HFA level in 7-1 was significantly decreased in field-grown plants than greenhouse plants.
Population divergence of developmental thermal optima in Swedish common frogs, Rana temporaria

Growth rate, like any other trait, should be under balancing selection in natural populations, with selection adjusting mean growth rate in a population in relation to its site‐specific costs and benefits. In the present study, we tested for differences in thermal growth optima between a northern and a southern region of Rana temporaria by rearing tadpoles in three different temperatures in the laboratory (10, 15 and 20 °C). Because of the rapid increase in post‐melt temperature at high latitudes, spawn and tadpoles from the northern region experience significantly higher minimum, mean and maximum temperature throughout the period of pre‐metamorph development. Frogs up north also enjoys a shorter breeding season and activity season overall. This suggests that growth and development should be maximized at a relatively higher temperature in the north as a result of directional selection. In accordance with this prediction we found that tadpoles from the northern region grew faster at relatively higher temperature than frogs in the south, whereas the opposite was true at relatively lower temperatures. North tadpoles also had a higher mortality and poorer physiological performance than south tadpoles at low temperatures. In summary, our results conclusively support the hypothesis that frogs in the north are adapted to relatively warmer developmental conditions than frogs in the south.
Single-Droplet Experimentation on Spray Drying: Evaporation of a Sessile Droplet

The basis for the development of a platform for high-throughput experimentation on spray drying is formed. To mimic the drying of single droplets during spray drying, individual droplets are dispensed and dried on a flat surface. A dispensing process is used that is able to dispense viscous liquids and generates small droplets (dp? >? 150? µm). The dispensed droplet size for varying liquids could be accurately described with a predictive model based on Bernoulli's law. The drying of droplets is monitored with a camera and modeled with mass balance equations. Finally, a Sherwood correlation is derived to describe the mass transfer between the sessile droplet and the drying air.
DETERMINATION OF DIAGNOSTIC ANTIGENS IN CATTLE AMPHISTOMIASIS USING WESTERN BLOTTING

Background: Mixed infection with amphistomes seems common in native cattle of Iran. The aim of this study was to determine diagnostic antigens in cattle mixed amphistomiasis. Methods: Specific antigens of Cotylophoron cotylophorum , Gastrothylax crumenifer and Paramphistomum cervi (mixed infection), the most common species, were collected from cattle was determined. Adult trematodes were collected from the rumen of naturally infected cattle at meat inspection. After their homogenization and centrifugation, somatic antigens were prepared and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Specific antigens were determinated by western blot with homologous and heterologous sera. SDS-PAGE of whole worms extract was performed at different concentrations and subsequent gels staining. Immunoblotting analysis using sera from cattle naturally infected with amphistomes, Dicrocoelium dendriticum , Fasciola spp. and hydatid cyst was performed. Results: Electrophorese analysis of somatic antigens revealed the presence of 10 and 21 protein bands at 4 µgr/ml and 8 µgr/ml with molecular weights ranging from 25-120 and 25-150 kDa, respectively. The best result was taken at 8 mg/ml concentration. Although western blot of these proteins demonstrate 5 major antigenic polypeptides ranging from 50 to 100 kDa which were recognized by serum of cattle naturally infected with mixed amphistomes. Conclusion: Ninety-kDa protein can be specific diagnostic antigen for mixed amphistomiasis in Iran.
Leader-Member Exchange and Agreeableness as Determinants of Facade of Conformity: A Moderated-Mediation Model involving Emotional Exhaustion, Trust in Management, Emotional Stability and Outcomes

The aim of the study is to explore that whether quality of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) relationship and agreeableness lead an employee to create facade of conformity (FOC) and how creation of facade of conformity effects employee’s emotional exhaustion considering moderating effects of trust in management and employee’s emotional stability. Effects of emotional exhaustion on individual level outcomes including organizational citizenship behavior towards organization (OCBO), organizational citizenship behavior towards individuals (OCBI) and one’s ability of creativity have also been examined in the current study. The data were collected from four service sector organizations of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Data Analysis of 303 employees using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to examine the serial multiple mediation model with analysis of moment structures (AMOS-20) found that quality of leader-member exchange relationship is negatively and significantly related to facade of conformity while agreeableness is positively and significantly related to facade of conformity. Effects of quality of leader-member exchange relationship on facade of conformity is moderated by employee’s trust in management. Moderated-Mediation results of the study reveal that employees low in quality of leader-member exchange relationship but having higher levels of trust in management experience less degree of facade creation as compared to the employees who have lower level of trust in management or independent of the effects of trust in management. Facade of conformity leads to emotional exhaustion such that increase in facade of conformity increases employee’s level of emotional exhaustion. Moreover, effects of facade of conformity on emotional exhaustion is moderated by employee’s emotional stability. Findings suggest that employees who create higher degree of facade of conformity but have higher levels of emotional stability experience less emotional exhaustion as compared to the employees who have lower level of emotional stability or independent of the effects of emotional stability. In current study, no evidence was found that quality of leader-member exchange relationship and agreeableness directly effects emotional exhaustion without their
Revision of New Guinea Copelatus Erichson, 1832 (Insecta: Coleoptera: Dytiscidae): the running water species, part 1

Copelatus (Papuadytes), new subgenus, is erected to receive the New Guinea running water species of the genus Copelatus ERICHSON, 1832. Copelatus atratus BALFOUR-BROWNE, 1939 and C. nomax BALFOUR-BROWNE, 1939 were assigned to that subgenus here. Thirty-one new Papuadytes species are described: Copelatus aipo sp.n. , C. aipomek sp.n. , C. ascendens sp.n. , C. astrophallus sp.n. , C. bacchusi sp.n. , C. broschii sp.n. , C. casuarinus BALKE & HENDRICH sp.n. , C. damantiensis sp.n. , C. danae sp.n. , C. erteldi sp.n. , C. formosus sp.n. , C.fume sp.n. , C. heidiae sp.n. , C. inornatus sp.n. , C.jaseminae sp.n. , C. karmurensis sp.n, C. ketembang sp.n. , C. larsoni sp.n. , C. manfredi sp.n. , C. me sp.n. , C. miriae sp.n. , C. monae sp.n. , C. patepensis sp.n. , C. rivulus sp.n. (type species), C. rufus sp.n. , C. sanctimontis sp.n. , C. speciosus BALKE & HENDRICH sp.n. , C. takime sp.n. , C. talaki sp.n. , C. tarmluensis sp.n. , C. ullrichi sp.n. Important characters are illustrated. What is known on the species ecology is summarized.
Fossil Proboscidea from the Malay Archipelago and the Punjab

CONTENTS Introduction 1 Fossil Proboscidea and the stratigraphy of the Pleistocene in Southeastern Asia. 3 Order Proboscidea 9 Suborder Elephantoidea 9 Family Elephantidae 9 Subfamily Stegodontinae 9 Stegolophodon stegodontoidesPilgrim). 9 Stegodon insignis (Falconer et Cautley). 13 Stegodon trigonocephalus Martin. 17 Stegodon hypsilophus Hooijer 86 Subfamily Elephantinae 89 Archidiskodon celebensis Hooijer. 89 Archidiskodon planifrons (Falconer et Cautley). 92 Stegoloxodon indonesicus Kretzoi species inquirenda. 104 Elephas hysudricus Falconer et Cautley. 107 Elephas hysudrindicus Dubois 110 Elephas maximus Linnaeus 132 Literature cited 138 Explanation of the plates 14З INTRODUCTION The fossil Proboscidea from Java that form the main subject of the present paper were brought together during the closing decade of the last century by Eug. Dubois and his assistants in search of Pithecanthropus. Fossil proboscideans had long been known to occur in the island ; as a matter