Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Induced polarization of synthetic high-resistivity rocks containing disseminated sulfides

The induced polarization and resistivity of a suite of 74 synthetic, low porosity, “rock” specimens were measured by the pulse transient method. The specimens contained up to 8 percent by volume of sulfide particles in three different grain sizes. A measuring cycle of 5 sec on and 5 sec off was employed, and discharge potentials were recorded for 4 sec by oscilloscope photography. Charging current density was varied between 125μa/cm2 and 0. 0125μa/cm2. Chargeability—defined as the time integral, from 15 to 415 ms after cessation of charging, of the instantaneous discharge potential divided by the charging potential—was found to vary from 1 to 30 ms. For current density less than about 0. 1μa/cm2, it was independent of charge current density, but decreased about 20 percent/decade with increase in current density. A background chargeability of a few milliseconds, virtually indistinguishable from the sulfide IP, was found in nonmineralized specimens and assumed to be present in all. Chargeability due to metall.
Assessment of the Impact of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Performance of the High Aswan Dam

A Large scale hydropower dam known as Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) is under construction on the Blue Nile River just upstream of the Ethiopian-Sudan border in Ethiopia. The GERD has an active storage capacity of more than 60,000 Mm3 and is anticipated to produce 6000 MW of hydropower energy. The aim of this study was to assess the potential impact of the dam on the performance of the High Aswan Dam (HAD) during filling and operation phases using a simulation model using Mike Basin river basin simulation model. The results indicate the planned 6 years filling period is sufficient to fill the reservoir with little impact on the current irrigation water demands from HAD in Egypt without additional management investment. There will be about 12% and 7% of reduction of annual energy output from High Aswan Dam during the filling and after filling stage of GERD respectively. Cumulative Energy production from the two dams will increase significantly Water loss at HAD due to evaporation will decreases by 22%. Overall performance of HAD during and after filling of the GERD remains at a reliability level of 96%. The study advises to utilize the results cautiously as it is based on only one historical realization of the many possible scenarios that may evolve in the future.
Possible ENSO signals prior to the Last Glacial Maximum, during the last deglaciation and the early Holocene, from New Zealand

Annually laminated lake sediments from a maar crater in Auckland, New Zealand, were analyzed spectrally for three time slices: just prior to the last glacial maximum (LGM), during the deglaciation and during the early Holocene. Strong spectral power in 2–7 year, 9–30 year and a centennial (80–120 year) timescale prior to the LGM and during two brief intervals in the deglaciation contrasts with virtually no spectral power during the rest of the deglaciation and during the early Holocene. The Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) appears to be the younger deglacial event. The results indicate that El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and possibly the Inter‐decadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), operated in a modern mode prior to the LGM, pulsed on and off during the deglaciation and were suppressed or absent from northern New Zealand during the early Holocene. The ACR was a period of enhanced south‐westerly flow over northern New Zealand.
Modeling of river dynamics of phosphorus under unsteady flow conditions

A model has been developed to investigate in‐river sediment and phosphorus dynamics. This advective‐dispersive model is coupled with hydrodynamics and sediment transport submodels to simulate suspended sediment, total dissolved phosphorus, total phosphorus, and particulate phosphorus concentrations under unsteady flow conditions. The model is applied to a 55‐km stretch of the River Swale in Yorkshire, UK, within the framework of the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) methodology. First, simulations are conducted without in‐river interactions to separate the effects of the in‐river dynamics from the observed data at the downstream end. Results show that there was relatively minimal sediment and phosphorus mass exchange between the overlying water and the riverbed during low flow periods and active mass exchange during storm events. Also, there was net phosphorus diffusion from the riverbed throughout the entire period and particulate phosphorus gain during storm events, indicating higher phosphorus concentration in the riverbed sediment. The second group of simulations is conducted with in‐river interactions. The results show relatively strong simulation dependencies of particulate phosphorus and total phosphorus on both flow and suspended sediment. They indicate that the uncertainties of the flow and suspended sediment predictions considerably contribute to those in particulate phosphorus and total phosphorus predictions. However, the uncertainties of suspended sediment and total dissolved phosphorus predictions are already sufficient without including those propagated from the flow predictions. Finally, the results provide supporting evidence of a higher phosphorus concentration in the riverbed, which is obtained by assimilating all available data within the GLUE framework.
Virus-specific T cells for malignancies – then, now and whereto?

Purpose of Review—Virus-associated malignancies are a global health burden, constituting 10–12% of cancers worldwide. As these tumors express foreign viral antigens that can elicit specific T cell responses, virus-directed immunotherapies are a promising treatment strategy. Specifically, adoptive cell transfer of virus-specific T cells (VSTs) has demonstrated the potential to eradicate cancers associated with certain viruses.
The Dorag Dolomitization Model--Application to the Middle Ordovician of Wisconsin

ABSTRACT Most current models of dolomitization are incapable of explaining the genesis of dolostones that lack evidence of supratidal origin and are not associated with evaporites. These models require sea water evaporation and a high Mg2+/Ca2 ratio in solution as essential factors for dolomitization. Calculations show that mixing meteoric ground waters with up to 30% sea water causes undersaturation with respect to calcite, whereas dolomite saturation increases continuously. Therefore, in the range of approximately 5 to 30% sea water, calcite can be replaced by dolomite. A new term "Dorag" (Persian for mixed blood or hybrid) is used for this model of dolomitization. The Dorag model satisfactorily explains the origin of dolostones along positive elements or epicontinental shelves; it is based on the effect of ionic strength on the solubility of carbonate minerals, and does not require a Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio greater than one, a ratio obtained at calcite-dolomite equilibrium. Dolomitic facies of the Middle Ordovician Series in southwestern Wisconsin and adjacent states is an example of dolostones associated with positive elements. Lithologic and paleontologic evidence, as well as primary structures, within the Mifflin Member (Platteville Formation) suggest the existence of a shallow and open-marine environment over the Wisconsin Arch at the time of deposition of the Member, whereas deeper water conditions prevailed farther from the Arch. Oxygen and carbon isotopic analyses of the Mifflin Member and chemical analyses for Sr and Na in the limestones and dolostones indicate exchange of the Mifflin carbonates with meteoric water. Because (a) evaporites, algal mats, mud cracks and other evidences of restricted environments are not found in the Mifflin Member, ( ) isotopic and chemical data suggest exchange of the Mifflin carbonates with meteoric water, and (c) the dolomite facies of this member is only associated with structural highs, the dolomitization of the Mifflin Member is best explained by mixing of sea water and ground water in the phreatic zone. Assuming Dorag dolomitization has been operative, three major lateral shifts in the dolostone-limestone boundary in the Champlainian Series can be shown to represent episodes of transgression-regression during the Middle Ordovician. Conclusions can be drawn concerning (a) paleo-sea level fluctuation, (b) paleobathymetry, and (c) configuration and position of the paleo-ground water lens.
Open‐system melting in the upper mantle: Constraints from the Hayachine‐Miyamori ophiolite, northeastern Japan

The Hayachine and Miyamori hydrous ultramafic complexes, northeastern Japan, exhibit not only diverse lithological variations from very primordial spinel lherzolites (olivine forsterite mol % = 89 (Fo 89 ), spinel 100Cr/(Cr+Al) (Cr #) =10) to refractory harzburgites (Fo 93 , spinel Cr #=70) but also show diverse trace element characteristics in amphiboles and clinopyroxenes correlated with the major element behavior. Some of the most primitive lherzolites are from the Hayachine complex and contain a clinopyroxene with strongly light rare earth element (REE) depleted abundances. The slightly refractory aluminous spinel peridotites of the Miyamori complex forming kilometric blocks in chromian spinel peridotites, exhibit flat to weakly V-shaped REE patterns with lower heavy REE (HREE) abundances. The chromite-bearing peridotites of the Miyamori complex exhibit light REE (LREE) enriched patterns with further lower HREE abundances than the aluminous spinel peridotites. The most refractory clinopyroxene-free harzburgite (Fo 93 ) contains amphibole with the highest LREE/HREE ratio among the Miyamori-Hayachine peridotites. The observed covariance between major and trace elements together with geological and petrological data for the complex is reproduced with an open-system melting model, in which continuous supply of LREE-enriched melt, melting, and melt segregation are assumed to be coupled. Nonmodal melting with specified amounts of trapped melt is also taken into consideration. The result shows that REE and trace element data for less refractory peridotites can be reproduced fairly well by the model. Accounting for the REE patterns of more refractory peridotites, however, proved less tractable, indicative of the importance of a melting and melt separation process involving melt migration and reactions during the decompression of the mantle material.
OPINION Prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors for the treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease

Purpose of review Prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors are a novel class of orally administered drugs that are under development for the treatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. This review discusses the biology of these drugs and their target – hypoxia-inducible factor and potential advantages and disadvantages of these therapies. Finally, we will discuss current trials in patients with both chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease.
Retrogenic ICOS Expression Increases Differentiation of KLRG-1hiCD127loCD8+ T Cells during Listeria Infection and Diminishes Recall Responses

Following T cell encounter with Ag, multiple signals are integrated to collectively induce distinct differentiation programs within Ag-specific CD8+ T cell populations. Several factors contribute to these cell fate decisions, including the amount and duration of Ag, exposure to inflammatory cytokines, and degree of ligation of cosignaling molecules. The ICOS is not expressed on resting T cells but is rapidly upregulated upon encounter with Ag. However, the impact of ICOS signaling on programmed differentiation is not well understood. In this study, we therefore sought to determine the role of ICOS signaling on CD8+ T cell programmed differentiation. Through the creation of novel ICOS retrogenic Ag-specific TCR-transgenic CD8+ T cells, we interrogated the phenotype, functionality, and recall potential of CD8+ T cells that receive early and sustained ICOS signaling during Ag exposure. Our results reveal that these ICOS signals critically impacted cell fate decisions of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells, resulting in increased frequencies of KLRG-1hiCD127lo cells, altered BLIMP-1, T-bet, and eomesodermin expression, and increased cytolytic capacity as compared with empty vector controls. Interestingly, however, ICOS retrogenic CD8+ T cells also preferentially homed to nonlymphoid organs and exhibited reduced multicytokine functionality and reduced ability to mount secondary recall responses upon challenge in vivo. In sum, our results suggest that an altered differentiation program is induced following early and sustained ICOS expression, resulting in the generation of more cytolyticly potent, terminally differentiated effectors that possess limited capacity for recall response.
Thrombocyte inhibition restores protective immunity to mycobacterial infection in zebrafish.

BACKGROUND Infection-induced thrombocytosis is a clinically important complication of tuberculosis infection. Recent studies have highlighted the utility of aspirin as a host-directed therapy modulating the inflammatory response to infection, but have not investigated the possibility that the effect of aspirin is related to an anti-platelet mode of action. METHODS Here we utilise the zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum model to show mycobacteria drive host haemostasis through the formation of granulomas. Treatment of infected zebrafish with aspirin markedly reduced mycobacterial burden. This effect is reproduced by treatment with platelet-specific glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors demonstrating a detrimental role for infection-induced thrombocyte activation. RESULTS We find that the reduction in mycobacterial burden is dependent on macrophages and granuloma formation providing the first in vivo experimental evidence that infection-induced platelet activation compromises protective host immunity to mycobacterial infection. CONCLUSION Our study illuminates platelet activation as an efficacious target of aspirin, a widely available and affordable host-directed therapy candidate for tuberculosis.
A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON MICROWAVE IMAGING FOR BRAIN STROKE MONITORING

The adoption of microwave imaging as a tool for non- invasive monitoring of brain stroke has recently gained increasing attention. In this respect, the paper aims at providing a twofold contribution. First, we introduce a simple design tool to devise guidelines to properly set the working frequency as well as to choose the optimum matching medium needed to facilitate the penetration of the probing wave into the head. Second, we propose an imaging strategy based on a modifled formulation of the linear sampling method, which allows a quasi real time monitoring of the disease's evolution. The accuracy of the design guidelines and performance of the imaging strategy are assessed through numerical examples dealing with 2D anthropomorphic phantoms.
Isotopic systematics of ultramafic and mafic rocks from the Taitao Ophiolite, southern Chile

Title of Document: ISOTOPIC SYSTEMATICS OF ULTRAMAFIC AND MAFIC ROCKS OF THE TAITAO OPHIOLITE, SOUTHERN CHILE Ruth Frost Schulte, Master of Science, 2007 Directed By: Professor Richard J. Walker Department of Geology A variety of ultramafic and mafic rocks from a large, well-mapped sampling of the ca. 6 Ma Taitao Ophiolite, Chile, have been examined. Calculated initial Os/Os ratios of the peridotitic rocks range from 0.1168 to 0.1282. Similar ranges of Os isotopic compositions have been reported for abyssal peridotites and peridotites and chromites from some other ophiolites. A correlation between the Mg # of primary olivine grains and Os isotopic compositions of whole rock peridotites suggests that the isotopic variability is due to variable extents of partial melting at approximately 1.5 Ga. This conclusion is also supported by a linear correlation between Re/Os and Os/Os, although how this relation was retained through a second, recent melting event is unclear. The ancient melting event requires that this km-scale block of the mantle remained isolated and unmixed within the convecting upper mantle for a period of ~1.5 Ga. Calculated initial Os/Os ratios of the mafic rocks are substantially enriched relative to the peridotites, suggesting that these rocks were derived via partial melting of portions of the mantle with higher, long/term Re-Os ratios than the ambient upper mantle. The results are comparable to global observations of Os isotopic compositions in mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) versus abyssal peridotites. At Taitao, however, the geologic relations are generally well defined. ISOTOPIC SYSTEMATICS OF ULTRAMAFIC AND MAFIC ROCKS FROM THE TAITAO OPHIOLITE, SOUTHERN CHILE by Ruth Frost Schulte Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2007 Advisory Committee: Professor Richard J. Walker, Chair Professor Roberta Rudnick Assistant Research Scientist Igor Puchtel
Influence of image segmentation on one-dimensional fluid dynamics predictions in the mouse pulmonary arteries

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are emerging tools for assisting in diagnostic assessment of cardiovascular disease. Recent advances in image segmentation have made subject-specific modelling of the cardiovascular system a feasible task, which is particularly important in the case of pulmonary hypertension, requiring a combination of invasive and non-invasive procedures for diagnosis. Uncertainty in image segmentation propagates to CFD model predictions, making the quantification of segmentation-induced uncertainty crucial for subject-specific models. This study quantifies the variability of one-dimensional CFD predictions by propagating the uncertainty of network geometry and connectivity to blood pressure and flow predictions. We analyse multiple segmentations of a single, excised mouse lung using different pre-segmentation parameters. A custom algorithm extracts vessel length, vessel radii and network connectivity for each segmented pulmonary network. Probability density functions are computed for vessel radius and length and then sampled to propagate uncertainties to haemodynamic predictions in a fixed network. In addition, we compute the uncertainty of model predictions to changes in network size and connectivity. Results show that variation in network connectivity is a larger contributor to haemodynamic uncertainty than vessel radius and length.
Estimating Air Temperature over Mountainous Terrain by Combining Hypertemporal Satellite LST Data and Multivariate Geostatistical Methods

The accurate official map of air temperature does not exist for the Hawaiian Islands due to the limited number of weather stations on the rugged volcanic landscape. To alleviate the major problem of temperature mapping, satellite-measured land surface temperature (LST) data were used as an additional source of sample points. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) system provides hypertemperal LST data, and LST pixel values that were frequently observed (≥14 days during a 32-day composite period) had a strong, consistent correlation with air temperature. Systematic grid points with a spacing of 5㎞, 10㎞, and 20㎞ were generated, and LST-derived air temperature estimates were extracted for each of the grid points and used as input to inverse distance weighted (IDW) and cokriging methods. Combining temperature data and digital elevation model (DEM), cokriging significantly improved interpolation accuracy compared to IDW. Although a cokriging method is useful when a primary variable is cross-correlated with elevation, interpolation accuracy was sensitively influenced by the seasonal variations of weather conditions. Since the spatial variations of local air temperature are more variable in the wet season than in the dry season, prediction errors were larger during the wet season than the dry season.
Supra-subduction Zone Pyroxenites from San Jorge and Santa Isabel (Solomon Islands)

Peridotites associated with pyroxenites (with rare olivine and spinel) are exposed on the islands of San Jorge and Santa Isabel in the Solomon Islands. Orthopyroxenite occurs in large outcrops ( 100 m) whereas websterite and clinopyroxenite occur as layers and veins/dykes in peridotites. The bulk compositions of the pyroxenites are characterized by high Mg2þ/(Mg2þ þ Fe2þ) (0 78–0 91) and low Al2O3 (<2 7 wt %). Low rare earth element abundances are coupled with large ion lithophile element enrichments and positive Sr and Pb anomalies (primitive mantlenormalized) relative to adjacent rare earths. Temperatures of equilibration for the pyroxenites are between 950 and 1050 C. These relatively low temperatures, combined with the occurrence of primary fluid inclusions, suggest that the pyroxenites formed by interaction of peridotite protoliths with an aqueous fluid. Bulk-rock and mineral compositions of the orthopyroxenites are similar to those of mantle-derived pyroxenites, whereas the websterites have closer chemical affinity with crustal arc cumulates. Nevertheless, field relationships plus petrological, textural and geochemical evidence are consistent with formation of all pyroxenite types in suprasubduction zone mantle, resulting from metasomatism of peridotite by subducted Pacific Plate-derived fluid. Such a setting for pyroxenite has not previously been reported in detail. We propose that these processes produce mantle pyroxenite with compositions similar to crustal pyroxenite.
PLATELETS AND THROMBOPOIESIS JAK2V617F leads to intrinsic changes in platelet formation and reactivity in a knock-in mouse model of essential thrombocythemia

The principal morbidity and mortality in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia rubra vera (PV) stems from thrombotic events. Most patients with ET/PV harbor a JAK2V617F mutation, but its role in the thrombotic diathesis remains obscure. Platelet function studies in patients are difficult to interpret because of interindividual heterogeneity,reflectingvariationsintheproportionofplateletsderivedfromthemalignant clone, differences in the presence of additional mutations, and the effects of medical treatments. To circumvent these issues, we have studied a JAK2V617F knock-in mouse model of ET in which all megakaryocytes and platelets express JAK2V617F at a phys-iologicallevel,equivalenttothatpresentinhumanETpatients.Weshowthat,inadditionto increased differentiation, JAK2V617F-positive megakaryocytes display greater migratory ability and proplatelet formation. We demonstrate in a range of assays that platelet re-activitytoagonistsisenhanced,withaconcomitantincreaseinplateletaggregationinvitro and a reduced duration of bleeding in vivo. These data suggest that JAK2V617F leads to intrinsic changes in both megakaryocyte and platelet biology beyond an increase in cell number. In support of this hypothesis, we identify multiple differentially expressed genes in JAK2V617F megakaryocytes that may underlie the observed biological differences. ( Blood . 2013;122(23):3787-3797) In some experiments, adherent platelets were lysed, and outside-in signaling was assessed looking for phosphorylation of Plc g 2 and Syk by western blotting.