Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge in relation to antibiotic prophylaxis in patients at risk for Infective Endocarditis

Infective Endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the endocardial surface of the heart that is caused by fungi, bacteria or viruses. The high mortality and morbidity rates of IE have encouraged the adoption of preventive strategies. This study investigated the knowledge on the prevention of IE among 2nd, 3rd and 4th-year undergraduate dental students at the Escola Superior São Francisco de Assis (ESFA) and among dentists working in the municipality of Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil. Objective: The rationale for this study was to identify the gaps in their knowledge and raise awareness on the topic. Methods: The study was previously approved by the Research Ethics Committee. The sample consisted of dental students who had completed the Pharmacology for Dentistry course at the ESFA, totaling 35 2nd-year students, 29 3rd-year students, and 36 4th-year students. Thirty dentists registered in the Regional Council of Dentistry of Espírito Santo state, who were working in the municipality of Santa Teresa, ES, Brazil, were also included. All participants were given a questionnaire containing six objective and four subjective questions to assess their knowledge regarding the definition of IE, high-risk patients, dental procedures known to cause bacteremia, recommended dosage regimens for high risk patients, and additional care in the assistance of these patients. The questionnaires’ responses were reviewed following the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for disease prevention published in 2007. Results: The analysis of the results revealed a low rate of correct responses among students and dentists. The questions with the lowest rate of correct responses were those addressing the identification of patients at high risk for heart conditions and the dental procedures known to cause bacteremia, with no significant differences between the four groups analyzed (P > 0.05). Third-year dental students presented a frequency of correct responses significantly lower than that of the other groups (P < 0.001), which did not differ from each other. To conclude, all participants demonstrated poor knowledge about the topic, particularly 3rd-year dental students. Conclusion: These results reinforce the need for informative measures to raise awareness and improve the quality of dental care provided to the population. Indexing terms: Antibiotic prophylaxis. Dentists. Endocarditis. Students, dental.
Modular Approach to Achieving the Next-Generation X-Ray Light Source

A modular approach to the next-generation light source is described. The “modules” include photocathode, radio-frequency, electron guns and their associated drive-laser systems, linear accelerators, bunch-compression systems, seed laser systems, planar undulatory, two-undulator harmonic generation schemes, high-gain harmonic generation systems (each composed of a modulative section, a dispersive section, and a radiative section), nonlinear higher harmonics, and wavelength shifting. These modules will be heIpfid in distributing the next-generation light source to many more laboratories than the current single-pass, high-gain free-electron laser designs permit, due to both monetary andlor physical space constraints. The submitted manuscript has been created by the University of Chicago as Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (“Argonne”) under Contract No. W-31 -109-ENG-38 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce. prepare derivative works. distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government.
Assessment of hip muscles using surface EMG in gait analysis

Objectives: The rectus femoris muscle flexes the thigh, while the gluteus maximus muscle extends it. Understanding the activations of these two muscles that function in opposition to each other during walking facilitates the interpretation of gait pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activations of these muscles during walking by using the surface electromyography (EMG) technique. Methods: Twenty female volunteers aged 18–26 years participated in our study. The electrical activation of the rectus femoris and gluteus maximus muscles of the participants was simultaneously evaluated by gait analysis. At the same time, spatiotem-poral parameters and phase parameters were obtained. Results: The activation pattern of both muscles was found to be similar. Both muscles reached the highest activation in the swing phase. The lowest activation was also seen in the pre-swing phase. Both muscles were observed to be active in the loading and single-limb support phases. Conclusion: The fact that these two antagonists muscles are active at the same time suggests that one is functioning con-centrically, while the other eccentrically. Thus, stabilization of hip joint is provided when the body moves forward.
Cell Proliferation and Growth of Gastric Carcinoma Induced in Inbred Wistar Rats by JV-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine1

Gastric carcinoma was induced in inbred Wistar rats by p.o. administration " of A/-methyl-A/'-nitro-A/-nitrosoguanidine for 25 weeks, and cell proliferation and growth of the gastric carcinoma in an incipient stage were studied. A microscopic cancer was found by 24 weeks, and macroscopic cancers were found after 27 weeks. All the cancers were a single lesion located at the midpoint of the lesser curvature of the stomach. Histologically, they were tubular adenocarcinomas. The mucosa! changes pre disposing to the development of carcinomas were focal erosions and dysplasias confined to the midpoint of the lesser curvature. The malignant transformation appeared to occur in the dysplastic cells of the eroded mucosa by 17 to 18 weeks after W-methylA/'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment. Following the malignant change, the labeling indices of the tissues with [3H|thymidine decreased, suggesting an elongation of cell cycle time. By re peated injections of [3H]thymidine, a time required for all the cancer cells to enter S phase (reflecting the maximum cell cycle time) was estimated to be about 3.5 days. This gave a theoretical doubling time for the gastric cancers. On the other hand, from the temporal observations of tumor volumes, it was shown that the gastric cancers in an incipient stage underwent exponential growth with a doubling time of 14 days. The difference between the theoretical and actual doubling time might reflect a cell loss rate in the cancer tissue.
Chapter 6.1. Ecological Disturbance in the Context of a Changing Climate: Implications for Land Management in Northeastern California

Citation: Wright, J.W. 2020. Ecological disturbance in the context of a changing climate: implications for land management in Northeastern California. In: Dumroese, R.K. ; Moser, W.K. , eds. Northeastern California plateaus bioregion science synthesis. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-409. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station: 186–210. Jessica W. Wright1
Effects of irradiance transition characteristics on the mismatch losses of different electrical PV array configurations

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are prone to irradiance fluctuations caused by overpassing cloud shadows which can be very large and steep. Cloud shadows have an average diameter of almost 1 km meaning that even the largest PV power plants are widely affected by them. Fast irradiance transitions can lead to failures in maximum power point tracking and to mismatch power losses due to partial shading of the PV generator. In this study, the effects of irradiance transition characteristics: shading strength, duration and apparent speed and direction of movement on the mismatch losses of PV generators were studied by simulations using a mathematical model of irradiance transitions and an experimentally verified MATLAB Simulink model of a PV module. The studied electrical PV array configurations were series–parallel, total-cross-tied and multi-string. Furthermore, three different physical shapes of the configurations were studied. On the basis of the results, module strings of PV arrays should be placed perpendicularly to the dominant apparent direction of movement of shadow edges and the diameter of the strings should be minimised to decrease the mismatch losses. Another finding of practical importance was that there were only minor differences between the mismatch losses of different electrical PV array configurations.
Predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes among Kenyan women with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in pregnancy

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) among women on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Design: A longitudinal cohort Methods: Participants from the Mobile WAChX trial were evaluated for APOs, including stillbirth (fetal death at ≥20 weeks’ gestation), preterm birth (PTB, livebirth at <37 weeks’ gestation,) and neonatal death (NND, ≤28 days after live birth). Predictors were determined by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards and log-binomial models. Results: Among 774 women included, median age was 27 years and 29.0% had unsuppressed HIV viral load (>1000 copies/ml) at enrollment. Half (55.1%) started ART prepregnancy, 89.1% on tenofovir-based regimens. Women with depression had a higher risk of stillbirth (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.93, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.04–8.23), and women with lower social support score had higher risk of late stillbirth (aHR 11.74, 2.47–55.86). Among 740 livebirths, 201 (27.2%) were preterm and 22 (3.0%) experienced NND. PTB was associated with unsuppressed maternal viral load (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.28, 95% CI 1.02–1.61), intimate partner violence (IPV) in pregnancy (aPR 1.94, 95% CI 1.28–2.94), and history of any sexually transmitted infection (STI) (aPR 1.63, 95% CI 1.06–2.51). NND was associated with PTB (aPR 2.53, 95% CI 1.10–5.78) and STI history (aPR 4.25, 95% CI 1.39–13.06). Most associations retained significance in the subgroup of women with viral suppression. Conclusion: Maternal viremia during pregnancy predicted PTB as did IPV, lower education, and STI history, while psychosocial stressors predicted stillbirth. Implementing mental health services, ART adherence, partner support, and routine STI screening and treatment could reduce APOs among women with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa settings.
Uncertainty in vibroacoustic investigations – research challenges

The paper formulates the need of the modification of currently applied solutions of uncertainty assessments in vibroacoustic investigations, including the ones which use the convention rules developed by 7 international metrological organisations and described in the ‘Guide to the Uncertainty’. Reservations versus currently used solutions are given in the hereby paper. It directs attention toward assumptions limiting the likelihood assessment of uncertainties of the obtained acoustic results. It draws the possible ways of the problem solutions and related to them methods. It presents the need of connecting belonging to them algorithms with not classic statistical methods, allowing taking into account departures from generally used assumptions in presently applied solutions of uncertainty estimations of acoustic investigations results. The paper presents new research trends related to the uncertainty assessment of the environment acoustic hazards control. The presented results and their conclusions can constitute the base for wider verification of the correctness of the currently applied procedures of acoustic measurements assessment and related to them estimations of errors levels of the uncertainty estimation of acoustic investigations results.
Menopausal Hormone Therapy Formulation and Breast Cancer Risk

Although menopausal hormone therapy use appears to be associated with an overall increased risk of breast cancer, this risk appears predominantly mediated through formulations containing synthetic progestins OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the increased risk of breast cancer is dependent on the formulation of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) used. METHODS: We performed a population-based case–control study of women aged 50 years or older using data from the U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Women with incident cases of breast cancer were age-matched (1:10) with a control group of women with comparable follow-up time with no history of breast cancer. Exposures were classified as ever or never for the following menopausal HT formulations: bioidentical estrogens, animal-derived estrogens, micronized progesterone, and synthetic progestin. Logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the adjusted effect of menopausal HT formulation on breast cancer risk. RESULTS: Between 1995 and 2014, 43,183 cases of breast cancer were identified and matched to 431,830 women in a control group. In adjusted analyses, compared with women who never used menopausal HT, its use was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] 1.12, 95% CI 1.09–1.15). Compared with never users, estrogens were not associated with breast cancer (bioidentical estrogens: OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00–1.09; animal-derived estrogens: OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96–1.06; both: OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.89–1.03). Progestogens appeared to be differentially associated with breast cancer (micronized progesterone: OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.55–1.79; synthetic progestin: OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.22–1.35; both OR 1.31, 0.30–5.73). CONCLUSION: Although menopausal HT use appears to be associated with an overall increased risk of breast cancer, this risk appears predominantly mediated through formulations containing synthetic progestins. When prescribing menopausal HT, micronized progesterone may be the safer progestogen to be used.
A SEASON FOR VIOLENCE THE LYNCHING OF BLACKS AND LABOR DEMAND IN THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION CYCLE IN THE AMERICAN SOUTH*

In this paper we explore the hypothesis that monthly variation in white mob violence against blacks in the American South was affected by seasonal variation in the demand for labor in southern agriculture. Using monthly data on black lynchings that occurred between 1882 and 1930 we find that mob violence was more frequent during times of stronger labor demand than during slack periods. While the manifest function of lynchings might well have been to rid the white community of offending blacks who violated the moral order, we suggest that the latent function was to tighten the reins of control over the black population, especially during times when whites most needed black labor to work fields of cotton or tobacco.
“THE INFLUENCE OF PROFITABILITY ON INTERNET FINANCIAL REPORTING DISCLOSURE”

The study aims to examine the effect of profitability to the level of internet financial report disclosure by Indonesian listed companies. The profitability is measured by earnings per share, net profit margin, return on equity, pay-out ratio and addition control variables as firm size and return on asset. The study modifies and uses the disclosure index of Aly, et al. (2010). The sample in this study uses purposive and cluster sampling of 214 companies from all sectors of listed companies in Indonesian Stock Exchange for the year of 2015. Multiple regression analysis is used to examine the influence of profitability towards internet financial reporting. It is found that the profitability ratios had no positive effects on internet financial reporting. This result shows that companies in Indonesia do not relies on profitability when they disseminate financial information on their official web sites because the company performance does not affect society to legitimise that the internet is the medium that they use to view financial information.
Analysis of rolling resistance models to analyse vehicle fuel consumption as a function of pavement properties

This paper presents an analysis of two recently developed models that relate pavement properties to vehicle rolling resistance and fuel consumption, as well as the sensitivity of each model to roughness, texture and future traffic predictions. The two models are the Vehicle Operating Cost model developed as part of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) project 1–45 outlined in NCHRP report 720, and the model developed as part of an international collaboration, Models for rolling resistance In Road Infrastructure Asset Management systems (MIRIAM). Furthermore, several pavement related factors that contribute to vehicle rolling are discussed in this paper. It was found that the fuel consumption was highly sensitive to future traffic growth projections. Also, the pavement macrotexture can have a significant impact on excess fuel consumption of vehicles, particularly in the case that the MIRIAM model is used to calculate fuel consumption.
HAFEZ-ESSENTIAL OIL VAPORS

lemon vapor resulted in slight further opening of the stomata of Mentha rather than the usual closing response following brief exposure or exposure to relatively lower concentrations of the same oil. Moreover, the experiments of Audus and Cheetham are seemingly examples of stomata in a confined space, where their behavior cannot be regarded as normal. It has been shown (Williams (9); Heath and Williams (7)), that the stomata of illuminated leaves open much wider than elsewhere if the leaf surface is enclosed in a small volume of still air, as in the classical type of porometer cup used by these authors.
EFFECT OF STAGE OF GROWTH AND SEASON ON THE MAJOR ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF THE AERIAL PARTS OF LUCERNE (Medicago sativa L.)

A study was made of the extent to which the distribution of major elements (N, P, K, Na, Mg and Ca) in the leaves and stems of lucerne were influenced by the maturity of the plant and by seasonal factors. Lucerne was sampled at the early vegetative, mid-vegetative, green-flower bud and lOillo flower growth stages during four regrowth periods from November 1975 until June 1976. Each regrowth period began after flail cutting at the 101llo flower growth stage. The levels of the major elements (except sodium) in mature leaves, were above those considered adequate for animal production. However levels in mature stems were generally below those in mature leaves and for magnesium and sodium, were below the recommended levels for animal production. Exceptions were the very high potassium (5-71llo of OM) and nitrate-nitrogen levels (0.20-0.471llo of OM) in stem tissue. Sodium levels were very low (0.041llo of OM or less) in lucerne at all growth stages and in all seasons.
New Ideas: Sports Physiology A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ACSM POSITION STAND ON RESISTANCE TRAINING: INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT RECOMMENDED TRAINING PROTOCOLS

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ACSM POSITION STAND ON RESISTANCE TRAINING: INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT RECOMMENDED TRAINING PROTOCOLS. Ralph N. Carpinelli, Robert M. Otto, Richard A. Winett. JEPonline 2004;7(3):1-60. In February 2002, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) published a Position Stand entitled Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adults. The ACSM claims that the programmed manipulation of resistance-training protocols such as the training modality, repetition duration, range of repetitions, number of sets, and frequency of training will differentially affect specific physiological adaptations such as muscular strength, hypertrophy, power, and endurance. The ACSM also asserts that for progression in healthy adults, the programs for intermediate, advanced, and elite trainees must be different from those prescribed for novices. An objective evaluation of the resistance-training studies shows that these claims are primarily unsubstantiated. In fact, the preponderance of resistance-training studies suggest that simple, low-volume, time-efficient, resistance training is just as effective for increasing muscular strength, hypertrophy, power, and endurance—regardless of training experience—as are the complex, high-volume, time-consuming protocols that are recommended in the Position Stand. This document examines the basis for many of the claims in the Position Stand and provides an objective review of the resistance training literature.
Should I Raise the Red Flag? An analytic review of anomaly scoring methods toward mitigating false alarms

—Nowadays, advanced intrusion detection systems (IDSs) rely on a combination of anomaly detection and signature-based methods. An IDS gathers observations, analyzes behavioral patterns, and reports suspicious events for further investigation. A notorious issue anomaly detection systems (ADSs) and IDSs face is the possibility of high false alarms, which even state-of-the-art systems have not overcome. This is especially a problem with large and complex systems. The number of non-critical alarms can easily overwhelm administrators and increase the likelihood of ignoring future alerts. Mitigation strategies thus aim to avoid raising ‘too many’ false alarms without missing potentially dangerous situations. There are two major categories of false alarm-mitigation strategies: (1) methods that are customized to enhance the quality of anomaly scoring; (2) approaches acting as ﬁltering methods in contexts that aim to decrease false alarm rates. These methods have been widely utilized by many scholars. Herein, we review and compare the existing techniques for false alarm mitigation in ADSs. We also examine the use of promising techniques in signature-based IDS and other relevant contexts, such as commercial security information and event management tools, which are promising for ADSs. We conclude by highlighting promising directions for future research.
An Analysis of Student Teacher Relations and

A strong and positive relationship of student and teacher provide the foundation for the healthy development of all children in their school. A positive relationship between student and teacher reduces the risk of educational failure and conflict between the teacher and student Wetzel & Asher [1]. The student teacher relation may also foster the socio emotional development of children. Positive student teacher relationship helped the students to develop the sense that they are safe and secure in their school environment and also shaped their social and academic development. Student teacher relation relationship is also important for those children who are facing early academic and behavioral problems.
Investigation of the first recent crayfish plague outbreak in Ireland and its subsequent spread in the Bruskey River and surrounding areas

White-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) is a keystone species found in western European freshwater bodies, where it has suffered drastic declines due to pathogens, competition with non-indigenous crayfish species (NICS) and habitat deterioration. In Ireland, populations of (naturalised) A. pallipes have been considered healthy and abundant mainly because no diseases or NICS have been reported in the past decades. The present study investigated a sudden mass mortality event that occurred in the Erne catchment in 2015. Molecular analysis confirmed that the cause of the event was infection by the oomycete Aphanomyces astaci (the causative agent of the crayfish plague). While in 2015 the spread of the pathogen appeared to remain confined to the outbreak’s epicentre and nearby upstream waters, follow up surveys using conventional methods and environmental DNA (eDNA) approaches indicated that by a year later (2016), the pathogen was still present and had spread downstream beyond Lough Gowna. No NICS were detected during the surveys conducted. This crayfish plague outbreak is of grave concern to Irish white-clawed crayfish and associated ecosystems.