Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Author ' s personal copy Configurations of knowledge transfer relations : An empirically based taxonomy and its determinants

We focus in this study on sets of inter-organizational relationships (IORs) by applying a configurational approach that includes both the diversity and the intensity of knowledge transfer IORs. We use a latent class cluster analysis to empirically explore the kinds of IORs configurations. We then use antecedents derived from the IOR literature to explain firm membership in those configurations. Our tests allow us to identify four configurations ranging from isolated innovators to innovating firms embedded in diverse and deep sets of IORs. We show that internal knowledge use by firms, and the types of innovative activities in which they engage, are strong predictors of firm membership in different configurations. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. * Corresponding author at: Tilburg University, Room P1.159, Warandelaan 2, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, The Netherlands. Tel. : +31 466 3153; fax: +31 466 3002. E-mail address: l.a. g.oerlemans@uvt.nl (L.A.G. Oerlemans).
Effect of Artificial Substrate Depth on Freezing Injury of Six Herbaceous Perennials Grown in a Green Roof System

A green roof system was installed on an existing 35-year-old building. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of three substrate depths on low-temperature injury of six herbaceous perennials: bugleweed (Ajuga reptans), sandwort (Arenaria verna ‘Aurea’), sea pink (Armeria maritima), whitlow grass (Draba aizoides), creeping baby’s breath (Gypsophila repens), and stonecrop (Sedum xhybridum). Plants in 4-inch (9-cm) pots were transplanted into three substrate depths: 2, 4, and 6 inches (5, 10, and 15 cm) and evaluated over a 3-year period. The analysis of the results showed that the species have different winter hardiness, therefore some species were subject to more freezing injury than others. Stonecrop had significantly more damage at 2-inch than 4or 6inch depths during the two winters. Bugleweed and creeping baby’s breath showed more damage at 2 inches in 1996–97, not in 1995–96. Substrate temperatures were measured from Oct. 1995 to May 1997. Low temperature injury was more pronounced at 2 inch than at 4 or 6 inch depths. Minimum daily temperature and temperature variations measured in fall and spring of these 2 years were also higher at 4and 6-inch depths.
A calibration procedure which accounts for non-linearity in single-monochromator Brewer ozone spectrophotometer measurements

Abstract. It is now known that single-monochromator Brewer spectrophotometer ozone and sulfur dioxide measurements suffer from non-linearity at large ozone slant column amounts due to the presence of instrumental stray light caused by scattering within the optics of the instrument. Because of the large gradient in the ozone absorption spectrum in the near-ultraviolet, the atmospheric spectra measured by the instrument possess a very large gradient in intensity in the 300 to 325 nm wavelength region. This results in a significant sensitivity to stray light when there is more than 1000 Dobson units (DU) of ozone in the light path. As the light path (air mass) through ozone increases, the stray-light effect on the measurements also increases. The measurements can be of the order of 10 %, low for an ozone column of 600 DU and an air mass factor of 3 (1800 DU slant column amount), which is an example of conditions that produce large slant column amounts. Primary calibrations for the Brewer instrument are carried out at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii and Izana Observatory in Tenerife. They are done using the Langley plot method to extrapolate a set of measurements made under a constant ozone vertical column to an extraterrestrial calibration constant. Since the effects of a small non-linearity at moderate ozone paths may still be important, a better calibration procedure should account for the non-linearity of the instrument response. Studies involving the scanning of a laser source have been used to characterize the stray-light response of the Brewer (Fioletov et al., 2000), but until recently these data have not been used to elucidate the relationship between the stray-light response and the ozone measurement non-linearity. In a study done by Karppinen et al. (2015), a method for correcting stray light has been presented that uses an additive correction, which is determined via instrument slit characterization and a radiative transfer model simulation and is then applied to the single Brewer data (Karppinen et al., 2015). The European Brewer Network is also applying stray-light corrections, which includes an iterative process that results in correcting the single Brewer data to agree with double Brewer data (Rimmer et al., 2018; Redondas et al., 2018). The first model requires measurements of the slit function and the latter method relies on a calibrated instrument, such as a double Brewer, to characterize the instrument and to determine a correction for stray light. This paper presents a simple and practical method to correct for the effects of stray light, which includes a mathematical model of the instrument response and a non-linear retrieval approach that calculates the best values for the model parameters. The model can then be used in reverse to provide more accurate ozone values up to a defined maximum ozone slant path. The parameterization used was validated using an instrument physical model simulation. This model can be applied independently to any Brewer instrument and correct for the effects of stray light.
Evaluation of potential fungicides, botanicals, biocontrol agents and their combination against M. phaseolina inciting root rot of sesame

The most effective fungicide (vitavax power), potential antagonist/ biocontrol agent (T. viride) and botanical (Neem oil) which were obtained during poisoned food technique and dual culture technique under in vitro conditions were further tested to know their individual as well as combined effect on seedling emergence, plant growth parameters and root rot incidence in potculture with susceptible variety (VRI-1) in M. phaseolina inoculated soil. The results indicated that combined seed treatment with P. fluorescens, neem oil and vitavax power recorded maximum germination percentage (93.33%), root (5.70 cm) and shoot length (11.9 cm), dry weight (0.28 g plant-1) and maximum percentage reduction of dry root rot (71.38%) followed by seed treatment with P. fluorescens and vitavax power (64.11%) and least reduction in root rot incidence (16.07%) observed in sesame seeds treated with only neem oil.
Heat advection versus conduction at the KTB: possible reasons for vertical variations in heat-flow density

SUMMARY Data from the 4 km deep KTB pilot hole (VB) show a strong vertical variation in heat-flow density (HFD) by as much as 50 per cent. This may be caused both by heat conduction, by advection, and by transient diffusion. At the moment it is not possible to quantify exactly the contribution of each of these. However, 2-D simulations help to define the parameter ranges and structural features required if these processes are to be thermally efficient. The main results are: (1) thermal conductivity contrasts combined with structural heterogeneities as seen in the drilled profile give rise to steady-state, lateral refraction of heat. 2-D simulations of heat conduction indicate that this effect alone is sufficiently strong to account for the observed variation of HFD with depth. (2) Vertical PCclet number analyses of T-logs in shallow boreholes and the KTB-VB indicate a NE-SW flow of meteoric water across the Franconian Line (FL). However, average PCclet numbers of -0.37f0. 13 in the potential recharge zone east of the FL are compatible with 2-D, steady-state simulations of heat and fluid flow only up to a distance of about 10 km east of the FL, and only if a crystalline permeability k, = m2 is assumed. (3) A permeability this high, however,' is not confirmed by a comparison of temperature and HFD from numerical simulations and data from the KTB boreholes, neither for a model focusing on shallow flow systems nor a deep structural model investigating potential contributions of convection in the entire upper crust. (4) Alternatively, a joint inversion of T-logs from the same shallow holes yields a ground-temperature history (GTH) that is in remarkably good agreement with long-term meteorological records. (5) It appears, therefore, as if the thermal regime at the KTB was generally dominated by conduction, with additional advective, topography-driven contributions mainly at shallow depths. The conductive regime, however, is a complicated one, characterized by lateral heat flow due to structural heterogeneity (and possibly anisotropy), and, at least at shallower depths, by transient diffusion of paleoclimatic temperature signals into the subsurface.
Major and trace element geochemistry in the upper Niger river ( Mali ) : physical and chemical weathering rates and CO 2 consumption

This study describes the chemistry of the upper Niger river system upstream of the inland delta in Mali. It constitutes the first geochemical investigation of suspended and dissolved loads of this region of the world. The Niger, on its way between Banankoro and Ké-Macina and its tributary, the Bani river at Douna, were sampled during eight hydrological years (from 1991/1992 to 1997/ 1998). Major elements were determined for all 8 years and trace elements during 2 years (1996/1997 and 1997/1998). The total period of investigation is representative of the hydrological fluctuations over the last 25 years. Dissolved concentrations show that in comparison with other rivers, the upper Niger rivers are among the least mineralised and are strongly influenced by silicate rocks, which underlie almost the totality of the basin. The contribution of atmospheric precipitation to the rivers’ chemistry (using the technique of marine contribution) appears very low. Normalised to the upper crust, the chemical composition of the different phases shows that in each tributary, suspended sediment and dissolved load are chemically complementary for the most soluble elements (Ca, Na, Sr, K, Ba, Rb andU). The depletion of these elements in the suspended phase (and the corresponding enrichment in the dissolved phase) is related to their high chemical mobility during silicate weathering. The variability over the hydrological year of trace elements in suspended matter has been attributed to the mixing between inputs of clay minerals and quartz. The distribution of the dissolved particulate ratio in the upper Niger basin leads to the conclusion that for the majority of elements, the sediment content controls the quantity of elements in the dissolved phase. As carbonate outcrops are insignificant in the upper Niger basin, it is possible to calculate chemical denudation rates by correcting water quality for atmospheric inputs. For the studied period, the denudation rates found range from 0.2 to 1.9 10 tons/year, corresponding to 26 10 to 100 10 mol CO2/km/year. Physical denudation rates were also estimated and range from 3.9 to 8.2 tons/km/year. It appears that the low values of these chemical and physical denudation rates are related to a number of factors such as the lithology (silicate rocks), the lack of tectonism (permitting thick soil formation that limits bedrock weathering) and low precipitation (limiting runoff). Finally, a simple steady state model has been applied to the chemical composition of dissolved and solid products of silicate weathering. This model shows a good agreement between the modelled and the measured values of the suspended sediment concentrations, thus confirming the existence of steady state conditions in this tropical area. D 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Interactions between Risk Taking, Capital, and Reinsurance for Property–Liability Insurance Firms

Theory and empirical evidence suggest short-run interactions between capital and risk. This paper analyzes the effects of reinsurance, as a new endogenous decision variable, on this policy mix. We examine this issue using a system of simultaneous equations applied to the U.S. property-liability insurance industry. The results identify significant interactions between capital, risk and reinsurance. The relationship between risk and capital is positive, indicating the effectiveness of regulatory mechanisms. Reinsurance is negatively associated with capital, for which it appears to act as a substitute. These results are sensitive to the level of capital held in excess of the regulatory minimum requirements. Weakly capitalized firms adjust their reinsurance and risk levels more quickly and try to rebuild an appropriate capital buffer. Unlike other decision variables, the capital ratio converges toward a long-run target level.
Growth performance, intestinal morphology, and meat quality in relation to alpha-lipoic acid associated with vitamin C and E in broiler chickens under tropical conditions

This study was conducted to examine the effect of alpha-lipoic acid with vitamin C and E on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and meat quality in broiler chickens under tropical conditions. A total of 288 one-day-old male ROSS 308 chicks (40±0.1 g) were used in a completely randomized design and allotted to one of six dietary treatments to form sixe replicates per treatment (eight birds per cage). The six dietary treatments were: a corn-soybean meal-based diet (NC; no antimicrobial compounds added) with 8 ppm alpha-lipoic acid (ALA); 150 ppm vitamin C and 75 ppm vitamin E (E-75); E-75 plus ALA (E-75-ALA); 150 ppm vitamin C and 50 ppm vitamin E (E-50) plus ALA (E-50-ALA); and 150 ppm vitamin C and 25 ppm vitamin E (E-25) plus ALA (E-25-ALA). All dietary treatments were continuously provided in liquid form, dissolved in water. Birds were housed in a battery cage (n = 36), and were offered dietary treatments on an ad libitum basis. The ambient temperature was maintained at 32±1 oC for the first three weeks and reduced gradually to 28 oC by the end of the experiment (day 35) to induce moderate tropical condition. One bird per pen (n = 6), and another bird per pen (n = 6) were euthanized via cervical dislocation to obtain terminal ileum to measure villus height and crypt depth at day 21, and to harvest breast meat and drumsticks to evaluate meat quality traits at day 35, respectively. Dietary treatment E-75-ALA improved body weight and average daily gain compared with birds fed other dietary treatments from day 1 to day 35. Birds fed dietary treatment E-75-ALA and E-50-ALA had higher villus height than those fed the other dietary treatments at day 21. Dietary treatments E-75-ALA and E-50-ALA reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) in drumsticks compared with other dietary treatments, but only treatment E-75-ALA decreased TBARS in breast meat at day 35. Liquid form of antioxidant compounds such as E-75-ALA can improve growth performance, histology of terminal ileum, and meat quality traits in broiler chickens under moderate tropical condition for 35 days.
Self-consistent theory of many-body localisation in a quantum spin chain with long-range interactions

Many-body localisation is studied in a disordered quantum spin-1/2 chain with long-ranged power-law interactions, and distinct power-law exponents for interactions between longitudinal and transverse spin components. Using a self-consistent mean-field theory centring on the local propagator in Fock space and its associated self-energy, a localisation phase diagram is obtained as a function of the power-law exponents and the disorder strength of the random fields acting on longitudinal spin-components. Analytical results are corroborated using the well-studied and complementary numerical diagnostics of level statistics, entanglement entropy, and participation entropy, obtained via exact diagonalisation. We find that increasing the range of interactions between transverse spin components hinders localisation and enhances the critical disorder strength. In marked contrast, increasing the interaction range between longitudinal spin components is found to enhance localisation and lower the critical disorder.
Antidermatophytic activities, Phytochemical nscreening and Chromatographic studies of Pergularia tomentosa L. and Mitracarpus scaber Zucc. (Leaves) Used in the Treatment of Dermatophytoses

Antidermatophytic activities, phytochemical screenings and chromatographic studies of Pergularia tomentosa and Mitracarpus Scaber (leaves) were determined. The extracts of the plants were prepared at five different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/ml). The results of antidermatophytic activities of crude extracts of the two plants exhibited promising antidermatophytic activites against Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophyte at concentration of 10 mg/ml. Growth of Microsporum gypseum was controlled at 40 mg/ml by both plants. Similarly, the results for phytochemical screening showed the presence of Tannins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Saponins, Glycosides, Saponinglycosides, Cardiacglycosides, Anthraquinones and Steroids. Saponins and Flavonoids of both plants were present in large quantities. Column chromatographic fractionation of P. tomentosa and M. scaber was conducted using extracts of various organic solvents. Assessment of each fraction for antidermatophytic activity revealed chloroform fraction 4 (CHL4) of P. tomentosa and chloroform fraction 1 (CHL1) of M. scaber as the most active fractions against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophyte and Microsporum gypseum at 10 mg/ml. MIC and MFC determinations of the active column fractions produced inhibitory action on T. rubrum, T. mentagrophyte and M. gypseum at 10 mg/ml each. From the results obtained it can be concluded that the presence of the above phytochemical compounds in P. tomentosa and M. scaber may be responsible for the antidermatophytic activities exhibited by the plants against most of the dermatophytes tested.
Revisiting the radial abundance gradients of nitrogen and oxygen of the Milky Way

We present spectra obtained with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias telescope of 13 Galactic HII regions, most of them of very low ionisation degree. The objects are located along the Galactic disc, with R_G from 5.7 to 16.1 kpc. We determine T_e([NII]) for all of them. We obtain - for the first time - a radial abundance gradient of N that is independent on the ionisation correction factor. The radial distribution of the N/O ratio is almost flat, indicating that the bulk of N is not formed by standard secondary processes. We have made a reassessment of the radial O abundance gradient combining our results with previous similar ones by Esteban et al. (2017); producing a homogeneous dataset of 35 HII regions with direct determinations of the electron temperature. We report the possible presence of a flattening or drop of the O abundance in the inner part of the Galactic disc. This result confirms previous findings from metallicity distributions based on Cepheids and red giants. Finally, we find that the scatter of the N and O abundances of HII regions with respect to the gradient fittings is not substantially larger than the observational uncertainties, indicating that both chemical elements seem to be well mixed in the interstellar gas at a given distance along the Galactic disc
Correlation between Serum Vitamin D Levels and BODE Index in COPD Patients in A Tertiary Care Centre

1 Senior Resident, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana 500082, India 2 Associate professor, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad Telangana 500082, India 3 Junior Resident, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad Telangana 500082, India 4 Professor and HOD, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad Telangana 500082, India
Disability Insurance: Theoretical Trade-Offs and Empirical Evidence*

Disability insurance provides protection against health shocks that limit the ability to work. In most countries, these programmes are large and growing, both in expenditure and in number of recipients. We discuss the traditional trade‐off between insurance and incentives in providing this insurance, with a focus on the US and UK experiences. There is substantial evidence on the extent of the labour supply incentive costs of disability insurance, but there has been a lack of evidence on the insurance value until very recently. Further, evidence on errors in the disability insurance process suggests false rejections of genuine claimants is a substantial problem, and these are more serious than false acceptances of healthy applicants. We provide a life‐cycle framework for understanding the trade‐offs and to evaluate the welfare implications of policy reforms. We argue that reforms should be focused on reducing false rejections and supporting labour market attachment. The difficulty in considering reform is that the design of disability insurance has many aspects that interact and impact on outcomes.
Physiological characterization of cotton genotypes (Gossypium herbaceum L.) for salinity at seedling stage

Cotton important cash crop and is moderately tolerant to salinity but its yield is markedly affected due to poor germination and subsequent abnormal plant development under severe saline conditions. Therefore, cotton accessions need to be screened and evaluated for salt tolerance. The genus Gossypium herbaceum has benefits of biotic and abiotic stress resistance along with higher yield. The present study aimed to investigate the physiological response of desi cotton (Gossypium herbaceum L.) cultivars viz., GN.Cot-25, G.Cot-21, V-797 and GShv-907/13 under four different salt concentrations viz., 0.8 dS/m, 3 dS/m, 7 dS/m, 10 dS/m at seedling stage (30 DAS). The physiological traits viz., membrane stability (%), leaf relative water content (RWC) (%), chlorophyll content (μmol m-2), photosynthesis rate (μmol CO2 m-2 sec-1), carotenoid content (mg g-1), transpiration rate (mmol m-2 sec-1) and stomatal conductance (μmol CO2 m-2 sec-1) were significantly reduced; while, surface wax content (μg/g of tissue) increased under different salt stress condition. However, GN.Cot-25 was able to maintain higher leaf relative water content (RWC), photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance as compared to GShv-907/13 under of salt stress conditions whereas, the varieties, G.Cot-21 and V-797 showed moderate type of reduction for all parameters studied. Overall the study of physiological characterization proved to be effective in discriminating the desi cotton cultivars for salt tolerance.
Hematological profiles of the Malayan sun bear (Heiarctos Malayanus) kept in captivity

Nineteen haematological parameters for the Malayan sun bear which include PCV, RBC count, differential counts for leucocytes, plasma protein, PT and APTT were evaluated. Twenty-six biochemical parameters were analysed namely sodium, potassium, chloride, inorganic phosphate, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol, total bilirubin, total protein, alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, craetine kinase, globulin, albumin, globulin-albumin ratio, amylase, lactate dehydrogenase, lipase, lactate, uric acid, triglyceride and gammaglutamyl transferase. Comparing males and females, males showed a significantly higher value for haemaglobin. Leucocytes and segmented neutrophils were significantly higher in sub-adults. Current values showed low haemoglobin and leucocytes compared to previous data. Preliminary data on anticoagulation factors namely PT and APTT were recorded. Biochemistry showed ALT, GGT and CK were significantly higher in males. The sub-adult group showed higher values of ALT, GGT, CK, LDH and albumin. Compared to previous reports, current data showed lower values of calcium, inorganic phosphate, BUN and AST. Additional preliminary data on GGT, amylase, CK, total triglyceride, lipase and lactate were recorded.