Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applicability of Portfolio Theory in Nepali Stock Market

In the rapidly growing stock market of Nepal, this study tests the applicability of the portfolio creation model and attempts to aware investors about the potential portfolio alternatives they can make to achieve their peculiar risk-return need, through a robust optimization model. A portfolio model using Markowitz mean-variance method is applied to calculate the optimal portfolio and portfolios fitting the investor specific needs, from a sample of 20 Group “A” listed companies on NEPSE. The monthly stock prices between April 2010 and December 2014 of sample companies are used as training data. And, the applicability of the model is tested based on their prices on April 2015. From the analysis it is concluded that such mean-variance optimization is applicable in Nepal. Furthermore, most of the stocks, even from different sectors, are highly correlated to each other illustrating the lack of diversification opportunity at NEPSE. Additionally, the significantly high volatility even at global minimum variance level illustrated the risky nature of business environment in the country. There is an opportunity for high return, but the investor’s willingness to gain this is tested through the high magnitude of minimum risk. These findings call for the policy makers’ immediate attention in creating a favorable environment to bring the real sector companies in the public trading realm and enhancing the commodities and derivatives market in the country, thereby helping stimulate the investment environment in Nepal.
Performance Analysis of Wireless Communications with Nonlinear Energy Harvesting under Hardware Impairment and κ-μ Shadowed Fading

This paper improves energy efficiency and communications reliability for wireless transmission under κ-μ shadowed fading (i.e., integrating all channel impairments including path loss, shadowing, fading) and hardware impairment by employing a nonlinear energy harvester and multi-antenna power transmitter. To this end, this paper provides explicit formulas for outage probability. Numerous results corroborate these formulas and expose that energy-harvesting nonlinearity, hardware impairment, and channel conditions drastically deteriorate system performance. Notwithstanding, energy-harvesting nonlinearity influences system performance more severely than hardware impairment. In addition, desired system performance is accomplished flexibly and possibly by choosing a cluster of specifications. Remarkably, the proposed communications scheme obtains the optimal performance with the appropriate selection of the time-splitting factor.
QUEDAS E FATORES ASSOCIADOS ENTRE IDOSOS ATENDIDOS EM UMA CLÍNICA ESCOLA: UM ESTUDO DE COORTE

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência, a incidência e os fatores associados a quedas entre idosos atendidos em uma clínica escola. Método: O estudo foi dividido em dois componentes, sendo o seguimento transversal de agosto de 2016 a novembro de 2018 (n=129), e o de coorte de agosto de 2018 a novembro de 2018 (n=66). Realizaram-se análises estatísticas, a partir da Regressão Múltipla de Poisson, entre o desfecho e as características sociodemográficas e de saúde. Resultados: A prevalência e a incidência de quedas foram de 44,2% e 36,4%, respectivamente. Na análise de regressão múltipla de Poisson do estudo transversal, as variáveis sintomas dispépticos, baixos valores no teste Time Up and Go e ter hipertensão foram associadas com a variável queda. No estudo de coorte, a análise reforçou associação entre não ser ex-etilista e ter constipação. Conclusão: Considera-se elevada a prevalência e incidência de quedas entre os idosos avaliados, e ressalta-se a necessidade de identificação de grupos mais susceptíveis a esse desfecho.
A review of superconductivity in nanostructures—from nanogranular films to anti-dot arrays

Superconductivity in small particles has been studied since the early sixties. A large number of sample geometries for both one component elemental superconductors and dual component nano-composites having elemental superconducting particles dispersed in a non-superconducting matrix have been explored which has helped us to understand the mechanism of the evolution of the superconducting transition temperature (T c) with decreasing particle size. In this article, we review the work done on nanostructured superconductors from nanogranular films to these dual component superconducting nano-composites. In addition, we also present the experimental work done on another nanostructured system, the superconducting films with periodic arrays of nano-sized holes, showing the interesting property of the vortex matching effect and we try to understand the dominant mechanism for this phenomena.
THE INFLUENCE OF CUSTOMER INSPIRATION ON SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING TOWARD ARCHITECTURAL SERVICE PURCHASE INTENTION

Social media has been used as a marketing tool by architecture firms to generate purchase in­ten­tion. However, inspiration as a motivating internal response is needed to achieve the marketing ob­jec­tive. This study aims to examine the effect of utilitarian content, hedonic content, and openness as ante­cedents of customer inspiration, the effect of customer inspiration on purchase intention, and the me­diating role of customer inspiration between antecedents and purchase intention. A total of 395 res­pondents were taken as samples using simple random sampling, and the data was then analyzed with SmartPLS. Results show that utilitarian content, hedonic content, and openness positively affect cus­tomer inspiration, and customer inspiration positively affects purchase intentions. Additionally, cus­tomer inspiration also mediates the effect of utilitarian content, hedonic content, and openness on pur­chase intentions. This study contributes to the literature on customer inspiration from a customer-firm relationship perspective. Moreover, this study can give insight for architectural firms to effectively prac­tice social media marketing by focusing on creating customer inspiration through the content provided and targeting the right potential customers in order to generate architectural design service purchase intention.
Topological optimization of a reliable communication network

This paper considers backbone network design under the constraints: minimal total link cost, and 1-FT (fault-tolerant to 1 link-failure). As networks become huge, the backbone layout design is essential to network performance and reliability. A 1-FT backbone can survive any 1-link failure. On the other hand, the total cost of the links in backbone layout is a practical concern. Therefore, the problem is to find a network topology for a set of nodes whose total link cost is minimized, subject to the condition that the backbone network can accommodate 1 link failure. The problem is NP-hard, and methods based on heuristic search are desired to obtain optimal or sub-optimal solutions. This paper proposes an efficient method based on genetic algorithms to solve the problem. The representation of a backbone layout is based on a list of ordered links. The genetic operators attempt to generate a more cost-effective or reliable layout. Simulation shows that the proposed algorithm can efficiently find a sub-optimal solution for most cases.
Adherence to the Antibiotic Prophylaxis Guidelines for Appendectomy in Bahrain: An Observational Study

Background Appendicitis is a common clinical problem that has multifactorial etiologies. Accounting for almost 1 million hospital days per year, it poses serious health hazards. If not treated on time, it may burst. Surgical intervention is the best option in such cases. Prophylactic use of antibiotics has been shown to reduce post-operative infections. Methodology This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the adherence to the antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines for appendectomy in patients admitted to the surgical department at Salmanyia Medical Complex in Bahrain from January to August 2020. From the electronic records of these patients, information was extracted and evaluated regarding demographic data, the type of antibiotics given for prophylaxis, the timing of the administration of the antibiotics, and any alternative antibiotic given based on local hospital guidelines. Results The current study revealed that the majority of the patients (98%, N=273) admitted to the Salmanyia Medical Complex, Bahrain, were not administered the antibiotics within the prescribed time (30-60 minutes) as per hospital guidelines. Also, the antibiotics administered for prophylaxis prior to the appendectomy procedure were not according to the guidelines, i.e., Cefazolin 1g with Metronidazole 500 mg. Out of a total of 278 patients included in the study, none were administered the right choice as provided by the local guidelines. Second, 1.8% of patients (5 out of 278) were not administered any antibiotics for prophylaxis prior to the surgical procedure for appendicitis. Conclusion The study concluded that most patients were not administered antibiotics according to the local guidelines of the hospital.
Generalization of Ruderman's Problem to Imaginary Quadratic Fields

In 1974, H. Ruderman posed the following question: If (2 − 2)|(3 − 3), then does it follow that (2 − 2)|(x − x) for every integer x? This problem is still open. However, in 2011, M. R. Murty and V. K. Murty showed that there are only finitely many (m,n) for which the hypothesis holds. In this thesis, we examine two generalizations of this problem. The first is replacing 2 and 3 with arbitrary integers a and b. The second is to replace 2 and 3 with arbitrary algebraic integers from an imaginary quadratic field. In both of these cases we have shown that there are only finitely many (m,n) for which the hypothesis holds. To get the second result we also generalized a result by Bugeaud, Corvaja and Zannier from the integers to imaginary quadratic fields. In the last half of the thesis we use the abc conjecture and some related conjectures to study some exponential Diophantine equations. We study the Pillai conjecture and the Erdos-Woods conjecture and show that they are implied by the abc conjecture and that when we use an effective version, very clean bounds for the conjectures are implied.
Deux remarques sur l'estimation

Soit Θ une famille de lois de probabilites munie d'une fonction de perte d (qui pourra etre la distance de Hellinger h). On indique: une minoration du risque minimax R 1 (Θ,d), lorsque l'espace (Θ,d) contient un hypercube de dimension r sur les aretes duquel la distance de Hellinger est ≤β; une majoration de la dimension metrique de l'espace (Θ,h) lorsque le risque minimax R n (Θ,h) est O(√n) quelle que soit la famille Θ Lipschitz equivalente a Θ
Brachyramphus murrelet trends and the Prince William Sound, Alaska, surveys: A response to Hodges and Kirchhoff

A recent Comment (Hodges and Kirchhoff 2012) disputes survey results and our analyses of population trend for Kittlitz’s Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska (Kuletz et al. 2011a). Hodges and Kirchhoff conclude that evidence of a decline in Kittlitz’s Murrelet (KIMU) in PWS between 1989 and 2007 is erroneous, primarily due to species misidentification. Here we explain why the arguments proposed by Hodges and Kirchhoff are unsupported.
Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy’s Extraction, Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of the Potential Effects on Glycaemic Balance in a 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Cell Model

Convolvulus pluricaulis (CP) is a common Indian herb, largely employed in Ayurvedic medicine and known for its neuroprotective and neuroinflammatory action. Its effectiveness against several pathologic/sub-pathologic conditions is widely accepted, but it is not yet completely chemically characterized. In recent years, several researchers have pointed out the involvement of CP and other Convolvulaceae in lipidic and glucidic metabolism, particularly in the control of hyperlipidaemia and diabetic conditions. In this scenario, the aim of the study was to chemically characterize the medium polarity part of the CP whole plant and its fractions and to shed light on their biological activity in adipocyte differentiation using the 3T3-L1 cell model. Our results demonstrated that the CP extract and fractions could upregulate the adipocyte differentiation through the modulation of the nuclear receptor PPARγ (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ), broadly recognized as a key regulator of adipocyte differentiation, and the glucose transporter GLUT-4, which is fundamental for cellular glucose uptake and for metabolism control. CP also showed the ability to exert an anti-inflammatory effect, downregulating cytokines such as Rantes, MCP-1, KC, eotaxin, and GM-CSF, which are deeply involved in insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Taken together, these data suggest that CP could exert a potential beneficial effect on glycemia and could be employed as an anti-diabetic adjuvant or, in any case, a means to better control glucose homeostasis.
Improvement of Energy Resolution and Neutron–Gamma Discrimination of NaI:Tl,6Li Single Crystal Scintillators by Ca2+ and Sr2+ Co-Doping

NaI:Tl,6Li single crystals, due to low use cost and an efficient gamma ray (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and neutron (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) detection capability, have been regarded as promising <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n/\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> scintillators. In this work, NaI:Tl,6Li single crystals co-doped with different Ca<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2+}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and Sr<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2+}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> concentrations were grown by the multiampoule Bridgman method. Their <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ray energy resolution and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n/\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula> discrimination were improved. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ray energy resolution at 662 keV was improved from 7.0% to 6.0% by Ca<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2+}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> or Sr<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2+}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> co-doping, despite at the expense of scintillation yield by around 20%. The pulse shape discrimination (PSD), expressed as figure-of-merits (FoMs) for neutron and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ray, was enhanced from 4.65 for NaI:Tl,6Li to 5.85 for Ca<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2+}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> co-doping and 5.72 for Sr<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2+}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> co-doping. This work not only highlights the effectiveness of the co-doping strategy on the improvement of NaI:Tl,6Li single crystal scintillator but also makes the crystal more competitive toward neutron and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ray detection applications.
Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) and its influence on soil microbial community composition, function, and activity: A review

Abstract Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) plays key roles in soil ecosystem by affecting soil physicochemical and biological properties and supplying nutrients to soil microbes. It can either enhance or suppress the growth of certain soil microorganisms, depending on its composition and content of labile organic compounds. This review aims to discuss and summarize the role of BDOM in modifying soil microbial functioning, microbial community structure, and enzymatic activity. We mainly focus on the role of BDOM as a function of its concentration, type of feedstock biomass, and pyrolysis temperature (PT). Results show that saw dust- and manure-based biochars produce higher BDOM concentrations than straw-, bone-, and sludge-based biochars. The types of feedstock biomass and its PT determine BDOM characteristics and its interaction with soil microbial communities. Plant-derived biochar with pyrolysis temperature ≤300 °C often results in a more aliphatic BDOM than that with pyrolysis temperature ≥500 °C, which yields a more aromatic BDOM. BDOM of plant biochar contains higher specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) and humification index (HIX) than that of manure biochar. The SUVA and HIX of BDOM positively correlate (R 2=0.68–0.96) with the content of total fatty acid methyl esters, but negatively correlate with the abundances of actinomycetes, arbuscular mycorrhizae, and fungal communities. However, the environmental fate of BDOM in biochar amended soil requires long-term experiment, both in laboratory and field scales, to provide a full understating of BDOM interaction with soil organic matter and microorganisms and help to tailor a safe utilization of biochar in agroecosystems.
Factors Associated with Self-Regulatory Fatigue in Chinese Older Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Purpose To identify important determinants of self-regulatory fatigue in older adults with coronary heart disease based on demographics, health literacy, and health empowerment factors. Patients and Methods A total of 201 older patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) from First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University by cluster sampling method. Demographic Questionnaire, the Health Literacy Management Scale (HLSCP), the Patient Perception Empowerment Scale (PPES), and the Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale (SRF-S) were used to collect the data. Results The coronary heart disease elderly scored 44.20±6.98 points in self-regulatory fatigue. The results showed that residence, monthly household income, hospitalized times of CHD since illness, health literacy and health empowerment were significant determinants of self-regulatory fatigue (p<0.001). Self-regulatory fatigue was negatively correlated with health literacy (r=−0.639, P<0.01) and health empowerment (r=−0.580, P<0.01). Conclusion Residence, monthly household income, hospitalized times of CHD since illness influence self-regulatory fatigue among coronary heart disease patients. Health literacy and health empowerment were independent predictors of self-regulatory among coronary heart disease patients.
Rs11479 in Thymidine Phosphorylase Associated with Prognosis of Patients with Colorectal Cancer Who Received Capecitabine-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Objective Thymidine Phosphorylase (TYMP) gene was of potential significance in the process of colorectal cancer (CRC) development and played an important role in capecitabine metabolism. This study was to identify the association between TYMP polymorphism and prognosis of postoperative patients with CRC who received capecitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods A total of 218 patients with CRC who were treated with surgical resection and capecitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy were included in this study retrospectively. Peripheral blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) specimen of the patients were collected for the genotyping of TYMP polymorphism and TYMP mRNA expression, respectively. Univariate analysis of genotypes and prognosis was carried out by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Cox regression analysis was adopted in multivariate analysis. The mRNA expression of TYMP according to genotype status was analyzed using non-parameter test. Results Prevalence of rs11479 in TYMP among the 218 patients exhibited that minor allele frequency of rs11479 was 0.20 (GG 141 cases, GA 68 cases and AA 9 cases), which was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P=0.825). Association analysis suggested that the median disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with GG genotype and GA/AA genotype was 3.1 and 6.1 years, respectively (P=0.004). Furthermore, the median overall survival of patients with GG genotype and GA/AA genotype was 5.0 and 7.0 years, respectively (P=0.033). Multivariate Cox regression analysis exhibited that rs11479 polymorphism was an independent factor for DFS (HR = 1.64, P=0.009). Additionally, of the 65 PBMC specimens, mRNA expression results indicated that patients with GA/AA genotypes conferred significantly higher mRNA expression of TYMP than that of patients with GG genotype (P<0.001). Conclusion Polymorphism rs11479 in TYMP gene might predict the prognosis of patients with CRC who received capecitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy through mediation of the mRNA expression of TYMP. The conclusion of this study should be validated in prospective clinical trials subsequently.
Large thermoelectric response of metallic perovskites: Sr 1 − x La x TiO 3 ( 0 x 0 . 1 )

Thermoelectric properties have been investigated for single crystals of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{La}}_{x}{\mathrm{TiO}}_{3}$ for $0l~xl~0.1. $ We have found a large power factor (defined as $\mathrm{PF}{=S}^{2}/\ensuremath{\rho},$ S and $\ensuremath{\rho}$ being the Seebeck coefficient and resistivity, respectively), $28\ensuremath{-}36 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{W}/({\mathrm{K}}^{2} \mathrm{cm}),$ at room temperature in the metallic region with carrier density (n) of $(0.2\ensuremath{-}2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{21} {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}. $ The observed PF is comparable to that of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ with much lower $n (\ensuremath{\sim}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{19} {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}). $ Such an unexpectedly large PF or S at the metallic carrier density is ascribed to the orbital degeneracy (threefold) of the Ti $3d\ensuremath{-}{t}_{2g}$ conduction band and the relatively large effective mass of conduction electrons as well as to the large energy-dependent scattering rate.
Monkeypox Virus in Animals: Current Knowledge of Viral Transmission and Pathogenesis in Wild Animal Reservoirs and Captive Animal Models

Mpox, formerly called monkeypox, is now the most serious orthopoxvirus (OPXV) infection in humans. This zoonotic disease has been gradually re-emerging in humans with an increasing frequency of cases found in endemic areas, as well as an escalating frequency and size of epidemics outside of endemic areas in Africa. Currently, the largest known mpox epidemic is spreading throughout the world, with over 85,650 cases to date, mostly in Europe and North America. These increased endemic cases and epidemics are likely driven primarily by decreasing global immunity to OPXVs, along with other possible causes. The current unprecedented global outbreak of mpox has demonstrated higher numbers of human cases and greater human-to-human transmission than previously documented, necessitating an urgent need to better understand this disease in humans and animals. Monkeypox virus (MPXV) infections in animals, both naturally occurring and experimental, have provided critical information about the routes of transmission; the viral pathogenicity factors; the methods of control, such as vaccination and antivirals; the disease ecology in reservoir host species; and the conservation impacts on wildlife species. This review briefly described the epidemiology and transmission of MPXV between animals and humans and summarizes past studies on the ecology of MPXV in wild animals and experimental studies in captive animal models, with a focus on how animal infections have informed knowledge concerning various aspects of this pathogen. Knowledge gaps were highlighted in areas where future research, both in captive and free-ranging animals, could inform efforts to understand and control this disease in both humans and animals.