Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rutin Ameliorates Malaria Pathogenesis by Modulating In ammatory Mechanism: An In-Vitro and In-Vivo Study

Divya Bhatt CSIR Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Saurabh Kumar CIMAP: CSIR Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Parmanand Kumar CSIR-CIMAP: Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants CSIR Surbhi Bisht CIMAP: CSIR Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Anil Kumar Maurya CSIR-CIMAP: CSIR Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Anirban Pal CSIR-CIMAP: CSIR Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Dnyaneshwar Umrao Bawankule (  bawankuledu@gmail.com ) Central Institue of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0677-0981
Organic Geochemical Composition of the Georgia Kaolins: Insights into Formation and Diagenetic Conditions

Most previous studies of the kaolin deposits in the southeastern United States have focused on their mineralogy and petrology to understand better the depositional and diagenetic environments of the kaolins. Many studies suggest, however, that much of the information held within the minerals was changed during extensive post-depositional groundwater and microbial alteration. Organic δ13C and biomarker analyses were used, therefore, to provide further information on the nature of the original sediments, the depositional environment(s), and the amount of diagenetic alteration that has occurred in Georgia kaolin deposits.Two different types of kaolin can be discerned, based on their total organic carbon contents: organic-lean kaolin and lignitic kaolin. The bulk organic δ13C in the Georgia kaolins ranges from ~−26 to −19% (VPDB, Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite standard), with a noticeable enrichment in 13C with decrease in organic carbon concentration. The lean kaolins are by far the more dominant types, with an organic-matter composition primarily of C16–C22n-alkanes, C16 and C18 fatty acids, and unresolved complex mixtures. Lignitic kaolin has a distinctly different organic matter (OM) composition. The lignitic material is primarily C15–C33n-alkanes with a greater abundance of C23–C31n-alkanes and lesser amounts of resinous and microbial constituents along with the oxidized forms of the saturated lipid fractions.Biomarker data suggest that the lignitic material is primarily terrestrially derived from conifers with minor input from microbial lipids. The OM in both types of kaolin shows strong signs of microbial decomposition that yield the organically lean kaolins. The oxidation of the detrital organic matter would subsequently yield organic acids that would have exerted significant influence on the mineralogy and metal mobility.
Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in three Antillean island populations of the fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis.

The Neotropical fruit bat, Artibeus jumaicensis, occurs throughout Latin America and on many islands in the Caribbean. Populations from Jamaica (in the Greater Antilles) to Barbados (in the Lesser Antilles) have been classified as a subspecies (A. j. jumaicensis) separate from that on the Lesser Antillean island of St. Vincent (A. j. schwartzi). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was isolated from 54 individuals collected on these islands, analyzed by digestion with restriction endonucleases, and the restriction sites were mapped. Three different mtDNA genotypes (16,000 + 200 bp) were identified: J-l (16 animals from Jamaica, one from St. Vincent, 15 from Barbados), J-2 (two animals from Jamaica), and SV-1 (18 animals from St. Vincent, two from Barbados). The J-l and J-2 genotypes were estimated to differ from each other by only 0.4%, but the SV-1 genotype differed from J-l and J-2 by 8.1%-10.5%. The estimated sequence divergence between SV-1 and J-l is unusually large for mammals that are regarded as conspecific. Restriction mapping showed that the differences among the genotypes (presence or absence of particular restriction sites) were located throughout the genome. The presence of the J- 1 mtDNA genotype on Jamaica and on St. Vincent and Barbados (1,400 km away) demonstrates that maternal lineages in these bats are not necessarily confined to single islands or limited geographic regions. The presence of the J-l mtDNA genotype within the A. j. schwartzi population on St. Vincent and the presence of the SV-1 genotype in two specimens of A. j. jumaicensis from Barbados document genetic exchange between subspecific populations on these islands, which are separated by 180 km of open water.
Change Detection Mapping and Analysis of Salt Marsh Areas of Central Southern England from Hurst Castle Spit to Pagham Harbour

Abstract This paper describes a research project that has been conducted as part of the coastal habitat and management plans initiative (ChaMPs). The primary aim at this stage is to identify and quantify the salt marsh decline by mapping the changing extent of salt marsh coverage during the last 30 years. Rectified aerial images of the salt marsh were created for three epochs. The salt marsh and coastal boundaries were then mapped using a head-up digitising technique combined with stereo aerial photo interpretation. This methodology, though simple, provides an important estimate of salt marsh change for a number of harbours and estuaries in southern England. The results show a rapid decline in salt marsh habitat, with some areas showing a reduction of over half their existing salt marsh between 1971 to 2001. The authors consider the various theories that have been presented to account for this dramatic change and offer preliminary explanations. Though no doubt resulting from the combined effects of rising sea levels, Spartina dieback, restricted sediment supplies, pollution, and coastal squeeze, the authors underline the need for more detailed case studies of specific sites in the future.
Measurement and control of greenhouse gas emissions from beef cattle feedlots

SENACYT (National Bureau of Science, Tecnology, and Innovation of the Republic of Panama. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station and USDA-NIFA Special Research Grant “Air Quality: Reducing Air Emissions from Cattle Feedlots and Dairies (TX and KS),” through the Texas AgriLife Research.
Eustatic Signals in Deep-Marine Sedimentary Sequences Recovered at ODP Site 978, Alboran Basin, Western Mediterranean Sea

ABSTRACT A continuous section of Pliocene marine sediments was recovered at Ocean Drilling Program Site 978, located in the Alboran Sea between Spain and Morocco. Three Pliocene subunits have been defined at Site 978: the lowermost (Subunit IC, 129.2 m thick) is characterized by alternating beds of lighter, more calcareous, and darker, less calcareous, claystone with bioturbated upper and lower contacts (Type 1 cycles); the middle (Subunit IB, 67.1 m thick) is composed of relatively homogeneous nannofossil claystone; and the uppermost (Subunit IA, 211.6 m thick) contains abrupt-based darker, terrigenous layers interpreted as turbidites that are interstratified with lighter nannofossil claystone (Type 2 cycles). The rhythmically bedded light and dark layers in Subunit IC correlate with those in the Rosello Composite Section of Sicily, a global reference standard for the Pliocene time scale. These sedimentary cycles are products of variations in precession and resulting continental runoff. Missing cycles occur during eustatic highstands. The shift to more homogeneous sedimentation in Subunit IB is represented in similar-aged sequences throughout the Mediterranean which display evidence of submarine mass wasting. Mediterranean-wide slope degradation was likely a response to rapid sea-level change at approximately 3 Ma. This change in sedimentation style was accompanied by an upsection increase in sediment accumulation rates associated with turbidite influx in Subunit IA. Turbidite frequency throughout the Pliocene section can be linked to eustatic changes in sea level, with turbidite maxima corresponding with mid-sequence downlap surfaces and their associated condensed sections.
Estimate of ratooning ability in sugarcane (saccharum officinarum L) under conditions of low-available soil moisture in a savanna ecology of Nigeria.

Ratooning ability (RA) is an important criterion in determining varietal suitability for commercial sugarcane cultivation because of the necessity to spread the costs of planting operations over subsequent ratoon crops. Two estimates of RA were computed with the objective to identify a more suitable approach for estimating the RA of a cultivar under low soil moisture regime by using data collected over four cropping cycles from 48 local and exotic sugarcane germplasm collections. The first estimate was computed using the formula: Rai = 100Sri/PC where RA of a trait i is defined as the ratio of the second ratoon crop (SRC) yield of trait i to the plant cane (PC) yield of trait i expressed as a percentage while the second approach is a generalized formula: Rpi = 100[1-(X2-Xi)/Xa] where Rpi = annualized yield of cane, Xa = the reference yield = [yield of plant cane + yield of first ratoon]/2 and Xi = the individual ratoon yield. Genetic variance (δ2g) estimates for RA were comparable for both methods except for brix and kg-brix. Broadsense heritability estimates (H2B) of RA for cane yield was 0.76 in Method I while it was 0.64 in Method II. Brix had estimates of 0.82 and 0.64 for Methods I and II respectively. Genotypes with poor RA were characterized mostly by sharp decline in cane yield especially between the plant cane and first ratoon crop while those with good RA had the greatest yield decline between the first and second ratoon crops. The similarity in estimates of RA with the two methods or in the genotypes selected on the basis of cane yield, brix and Kg-brix suggests that either of the two methods is equally suitable in estimating RA either under ideal growing conditions or in a moisture stress environment. Keywords : Ratooning ability; Plant cane; Ratoon crop; Rank Summation Index Moor Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 6 (1&2) 2005 pp. 16-23
Using pressure pulse seismology to examine basal criticality and the influence of sticky spots on glacial flow

[1] Here we report results of water pressure pulse studies conducted at Storglaciaren (Sweden) and West Washmawapta Glacier (British Columbia, Canada). Comparison of pressure pulse records with meteorological conditions at Storglaciaren indicates that several periods of increased basal slip activity observed during a 10 day interval of summer 2008 were due to precipitation loading of the glacier surface, rather than to infiltration of surface water to the glacier bed; this indicates that the glacier bed was close to the failure strength for much of this interval. Pressure pulse magnitudes for the two glaciers were well-fit by power law distributions similar to those earlier observed at Trapridge Glacier (and similar in form to the Gutenberg-Richter relationship commonly used in seismology), suggesting that the mechanical processes that give rise to these distributions are robust features of soft-bedded glaciers. In contrast, interevent time distributions for both glaciers diverge from those observed at Trapridge Glacier for short recurrence intervals, suggesting that the factors that govern the rate at which these processes occur differ between glaciers. An examination of pressure pulse characteristics at West Washmawapta Glacier indicates that the establishment of a basal drainage system in summer 2008 resulted in increased stability and reduced sensitivity to meltwater input, suggesting that common assumptions about the relationship between meltwater production and ice flow are oversimplified. These results demonstrate that water pressure pulse observations can provide valuable insight into the dynamics of soft-bedded glaciers.
Estimates of ocean heat flux at SHEBA

Observations of sea ice mass balance and temperature made during the year‐long Surface HEat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) field experiment were used to calculate monthly estimates of the ocean heat flux for a variety of ice types. The ocean heat flux displayed a strong seasonal cycle, with values of a few W m−2 from October through June followed by a steady increase in June and July. By the end of July the the ocean heat flux for undeformed ice reached a peak value of about 33 W m−2 during a period of substantial ice motion. The annual average ocean heat flux for multiyear ice ranged from 7.5 W m−2 for undeformed ice to 10.4 W m−2 for a melt pond to 12.4 W m−2 for an old ridge. Annual averages measured at SHEBA were more than twice as large as values observed in 1975 during AIDJEX.
Heterogenous impairment of α-cell function in type 2 diabetes is linked to cell maturation state

In diabetes, glucagon secretion from pancreatic α-cells is dysregulated. We examined α-cells from human donors and mice using combined electrophysiological, transcriptomic, and computational approaches. Rising glucose suppresses α-cell exocytosis by reducing P/Q-type Ca2+ channel activity, and this is disrupted in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Upon high-fat-feeding of mice, α-cells shift towards a ‘β-cell-like’ electrophysiologic profile in concert with an up-regulation of the β-cell Na+ channel isoform Scn9a and indications of impaired α-cell identity. In human α-cells we identify links between cell membrane properties and cell surface signalling receptors, mitochondrial respiratory complex assembly, and cell maturation. Cell type classification using machine learning of electrophysiology data demonstrates a heterogenous loss of ‘electrophysiologic identity’ in α-cells from donors with T2D. Indeed, a sub-set of α-cells with impaired exocytosis is defined by an enrichment in progenitor markers suggesting important links between α-cell maturation state and dysfunction in T2D. Key findings α-cell exocytosis is suppressed by glucose-dependent inhibition of P/Q-type Ca2+ currents Dysfunction of α-cells in type 2 diabetes is associated with a ‘β-cell-like’ electrophysiologic signature Patch-seq links maturation state, the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and cell surface receptor expression to α-cell function α-cell dysfunction occurs preferentially in cells enriched in endocrine lineage markers
The effect of seasonal flooding on the clay mineralogy of a soil series in the Volta Lake drawdown area, Ghana

Four pedons of Arenic/Grossarenic Paleustalf (Denteso Series), in the Volta Lake drawdown area in Northern Ghana, were described and sampled just before seasonal floodings commenced in the area. After 5 years of periodic flooding the soils were re-examined and sampled. Soil properties required for soil classification, including the clay mineralogy, of both the pre-flooding and the post-flooding samples were determined. One of the main objectives was to identify changes in soil properties which result from the periodic flooding. X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that before flooding the main clay minerals of the Denteso were kaolinite and smectite, and there were also some mica and quartz in the total clay fraction. Comparison of the pre-flooding with the post-flooding data revealed that practically all the smectite disappeared from all the three sampled pedons that were flooded for 5 to 20 weeks during each flood cycle, while the smectite persisted in the non-flooded pedon. With the disappearance of the 2 : 1 lattice clays there occurred a considerable decrease in cation exchange capacity (CEC) and in base saturation of the flooded pedons ranging from 0.04 to 3.63 cmol kg −1. Also, there was an increase in pH by 0.4 to 1 unit in most horizons of the flooded pedons in spite of the general decrease in base saturation. These changes in CEC, base saturation and pH support the XRD evidence that the seasonal floodings caused pedochemical weathering of the smectite in this loamy sand soil at a very fast rate during the 5 year period and this had resulted in the lowering of the buffering capacity and a general impoverishment of the soil series.
Development of a new algorithm based on FDT Matrix perimetry and sD-OCT to improve early glaucoma detection in primary care

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an objective algorithm to discriminate the earliest stages of glaucoma using frequency doubling technology (FDT) Matrix perimetry and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology to improve primary care detection. Materials and methods: Three hundred six eyes (mean age 58.67 ± 15.12) from 161 patients were included and classified in the following three groups: 101 nonglaucoma (GI-NG), 100 glaucoma suspect (GII-SG), and 105 open-angle glaucoma (GIII-OAG). All participants underwent a visual field exploration using the Humphrey Matrix visual field instrument and retinal nerve fiber layer evaluation using the Topcon 3D OCT-2000. Pattern deviation plot was divided into 19 areas and five aggrupation or quadrants and ranked with a value between 0 and 4 according to its likelihood of normality, and differences among three groups were analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was also used to extract the most notable features of FDT and OCT, and a logistic regression analysis was applied to obtain the classification rules. Results: Only area numbers 7 and 12 and the central zone of FDT Matrix showed statistical differences ( P , 0.05) between GI-NG and GII-SG. The classification rules were estimated by the four PCA obtained from FDT Matrix and 3D OCT-2000 in a separate and combined use. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 78.88% with FDT-PCA, 82.09% with OCT-PCA, and 94.27% with combined use of FDT and OCT-PCA to discriminate GI-NG and GII-SG. Conclusion: The predictive rules based on FDT-PCA or OCT-PCA provide a high sensitivity and specificity to detect the earliest stages of glaucoma and even better in combined use. These predictive rules may help the future development of software for FDT Matrix perimetry and 3D OCT-2000, which will greatly improve their diagnostic ability, making them useful in daily practice in a primary care setting.
Effect of temperature during the first 42 days following full bloom on apple fruit growth and size at harvest

The relationship between temperature prevailing during the 42-day period following full bloom (42 DFFB) and fruit size at harvest of four apple cultivars was studied for two seasons. Lower temperatures during the first season resulted in smaller fruit whereas higher temperatures the following season resulted in larger fruit at 42 DFFB. The smaller fruit size at 42 DFFB during the first season was related to lower temperatures during the first, fourth and fifth weeks following bloom. High rates of Starking fruit growth were associated with increased rates of cell division in the cortical region. The relationship between fruit size at 42 DFFB and fruit size at harvest was affected by the number of fruits per cm trunk circumference during the current and the previous season. The relationship between the average mass per fruit at harvest, number of fruits per cm trunk circumference during the current year, kg fruit per cm trunk circumference the previous year, average diameter of fruits at 42 DFFB and number .
Journal Pre-proof Neuroinflammatory biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid from 106 patients with recent onset depression compared to 106 individually matched healthy controls

in the fluid from 106 patients with recent onset depression compared 106 individually healthy ABSTRACT Background: Neuroinflammation has been linked to depression; however, neuroinflammatory biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have not previously been thoroughly investigated in a large group of patients with recent onset depression compared to healthy controls. Methods: Individually matched case-control study comparing patients with recent onset depression (ICD-10: F32) to controls. Primary outcomes: CSF white cell count (WCC), CSF/serum albumin ratio, CSF total protein and immunoglobulin G (IgG) index. Secondary outcomes: CSF WCC differential count, CSF neutrophil/lymphocyte, CSF/serum IgG and CSF/plasma glucose ratios. Linear models adjusting for sex and age were applied. Results: We included 106 patients with recent onset depression (84.0% outpatients) and 106 healthy controls. Patients had 18% higher CSF WCC relative to controls (Relative Mean Difference [MD]: 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.40; p =0.025). CSF WCC differed with depression symptomatology ( p =0.034), and patients with severe depression (n=29) had 43% higher CSF WCC relative to controls (MD: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.13-1.80, p =0.003). Two (1.9%) patients and no controls (0.0%) had CSF WCC above normal range (>5x10 6 /L). No significant differences between groups were observed regarding CSF/serum albumin ratio (MD: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.97-1.18; p =0.191), CSF total protein (MD: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.94-1.09; p =0.775) or IgG Index (MD: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.97-1.15; p =0.235). Regarding secondary outcomes, the proportion of CSF neutrophils was lower among patients (MD: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.08-0.59; p =0.003) similar to pre-specified models for sex and age and including the interaction between group and a categorized version of HAMD-17 score. for blood contamination. p -value on bootstrap. mean difference versus controls within subgroup. effect heterogeneity on of interaction between group and categorized HAMD-17
The minimally conscious state: Definition and diagnostic criteria. Editorial

Objective: To establish consensus recommendations among health care specialties for defining and establishing diagnostic criteria for the minimally conscious state (MCS). Background: There is a subgroup of patients with severe alteration in consciousness who do not meet diagnostic criteria for coma or the vegetative state (VS). These patients demonstrate inconsistent but discernible evidence of consciousness. It is important to distinguish patients in MCS from those in coma and VS because preliminary findings suggest that there are meaningful differences in outcome. Methods: An evidence-based literature review of disorders of consciousness was completed to define MCS, develop diagnostic criteria for entry into MCS, and identify markers for emergence to higher levels of cognitive function. Results: There were insufficient data to establish evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis, prognosis, and management of MCS. Therefore, a consensus-based case definition with behaviorally referenced diagnostic criteria was formulated to facilitate future empirical investigation. Conclusions: MCS is characterized by inconsistent but clearly discernible behavioral evidence of consciousness and can be distinguished from coma and VS by documenting the presence of specific behavioral features not found in either of these conditions. Patients may evolve to MCS from coma or VS after acute brain injury. MCS may also result from degenerative or congenital nervous system disorders. This condition is often transient but may also exist as a permanent outcome. Defining MCS should promote further research on its epidemiology, neuropathology, natural history, and management.