Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consequences of a mismatch between biological and management units on our perception of Atlantic cod off New England

and A. I. Consequences of a mismatch between biological and management units on our of 71: 1366–1381. Amismatchbetweenthescaleofﬁsherymanagementunitsandbiologicalpopulationstructurecanpotentiallyresultinamisperceptionoftheprod-uctivityandsustainableyieldofﬁshstocks. Weusedsimulationmodellingasatooltocomparetheperceptionofproductivity,stability,andsustain-abilityofAtlanticcod( Gadus morhua ) off New England from an operating model based on the current US management unitsto a model that more closely reﬂects the biological complexity of the resource. Two age-structured models were compared: (i) the management unit model, wherein cod were grouped based on the current spatially deﬁned US management areas (Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank), and (ii) the biological unit model, consisting of three genetically deﬁned population components (northern spring spawning, southern winter / spring spawning, and eastern Georges Bank spring-spawning groups). Overall, the regional productivity and maximum sustainable yield of the biological unit model was lower compared with the management unit model. The biological unit model also provided insights on the distribution of productivity in the region, with southern and northern spawning groups being the dominant contributors to the regional spawning–stock biomass and yield and the eastern Georges Bank spawning group being the minority contributor at low to intermediate levels of ﬁshing mortality. The comparison of models revealed that the per-ceptionofAtlanticcodderivedfromthemanagementunitmodelwasofaresourcethatismoreresilienttoﬁshingmortalityandnotassusceptibleto“collapse”asindicatedbythebiologicalunitmodel.ForAtlanticcod,oneofthemainrisksofignoringpopulationstructureappearsthepotentialforoverexploitationofsegmentsofthepopulation.Considerationofpopulationstructureofcodchangedourperceptionofthemagnitudeand distribution of productivity in the region, suggesting that expectations of sustainable yield of cod in US waters should be reconsidered.
Learning Composite Latent Structures for 3D Human Action Representation and Recognition

3D human action representation and recognition are important issues in many multimedia applications. While latent state approaches have been widely used for action modeling, previous works assume the latent states of actions are single attribute. This assumption is inaccurate for representing structures of complex actions. In this paper, we propose that latent states have composite attributes and introduce a novel composite latent structure (CLS) model to represent and recognize 3D human actions with skeleton sequences. A human action is modeled with a hierarchical graph, which represents the action sequence as sequential atomic actions. An atomic action is represented as a composite latent state, which is composed of a latent semantic attribute and a latent geometric attribute. A discriminative EM-like algorithm is proposed to learn the model parameters and the composite latent structures of human actions. Given a 3D skeleton sequence, a composite attribute iterative programming algorithm is proposed to recognize the action and infer the action's latent temporal structure. We evaluate the proposed method on three challenging 3D action datasets—MSR 3D Action Dataset, Multiview 3D Event Dataset, and UTKinect-Action 3D Dataset. Extensive experimental results on these datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed method.
Poultry-based intervention as tool for poverty reduction and gender empowerment: empirical evidence from Benin

i Acknowledgments . ii Table of contents . iv List of tables . vii List of figures . ix List of acronyms . xi Chapter 1. General introduction . 1 1.1. Background . 1 1.1.1. Agriculture and poverty alleviation. 1 1.1.2. Village poultry as a tool for poverty reduction . 3 1.2. Problem statement . 6 1.3. Objectives of the thesis. 9 1.4. General analytical framework . 9 1.5. Outline of the thesis . 11 Chapter 2. Survey data, poverty profile, poultry and microfinance sectors in Benin . 12 2.1. The study area, sampling and data collection . 12 2.1.1. The study area . 12 2.1.2. Sampling . 14 2.1.3. Data collection . 18 2.1.4. Assurance of data quality . 21 2.2. Benin‘s poverty profile and agriculture in the economy . 24 2.2.1. Benin‘s poverty profile . 24 2.2.2. Agriculture in Benin‘s economy . 26 2.3. Poultry sector in Benin . 26 2.3. 1. Poultry production in Benin . 26 2.3. 2. Overview of policy for poultry development in Benin . 27 2.4. Microfinance sector in Benin . 28 Chapter 3. Factors influencing the adoption of village poultry improvement technologies in Benin . 31 3.
An analysis of the population dynamics of the Jamaican sugar-cane pest Saccharosydne saccharivora (Westw.) (Hom., Delphacidae)

The Varley & Gradwell method of population analysis is applied to data on populations of Saccharosydne saccharivora (Westw.), comprising 51 generations from 21 fields, obtained in Jamaica in 1961–62. Populations were estimated at five points in each generation, namely, maximum potential natality, and numbers of eggs laid, instar 1, peak instars 3–5, and of normal reproducing adults. Taking maximum potential natality as the first point in each life budget, graphical analysis showed that the key factor was mortality between instar 1 and reproducing adults or between peak instars 3–5 and reproducing adults. Reduced fecundity, due to submaximal leaf nitrogen, was density independent or possibly inversely density dependent; one egg parasite, Tetrastichus sp. , was inversely density dependent while another, Anagrus flaveolus Waterh. , and an undetermined egg mortality factor were density independent; parasitism of nymphs and presumably adults also by Stenocranophilus quadratus Pierce was density dependent, and was Considered to be the only regulating factor. The key factor was density independent, and it is concluded that, of the separate mortality factors contained within it, dispersal of adults is the most important. This itself depends on crop characters which could be altered by selective breeding or agricultural practice.
A real-time state estimation approach for multi-region MFD traffic systems based on extended Kalman filter

The problem of traffic state estimation for large-scale urban networks is studied. Given a network that is partitioned in a number of regions, the aggregated traffic dynamics describe the vehicle accumulation in each region as well as the transfer flows among neighbouring regions. Considering the fact that many such models have been extensively used for control in the literature recently, this work tackles the real-time estimation problem when limited data is available. An estimation engine is developed according to the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) theory, that tries to estimate the real state of the multi-region dynamic system based on traffic sensors measurements. First, a stochastic model is presented for the dynamics of the process (plant). Then, the EKF estimation scheme is described that is based on a simpler aggregated model of the dynamics and some real-time measurements. The accuracy of the estimations is investigated through simulation by studying a realistic configuration of real-time availability of measurements; however the developed methodology is generic and the vector state we seek to estimate, as well as the available measurements can be altered according to the application. The proposed methodology is tested in microsimulation for the CBD of a large city and the resulting estimated traffic states (i.e., regional accumulations, demands, and distribution of outflows) are compared to the real ones that are obtained from the stochastic microsimulation environment (plant).
The Sex determination by Posterior Border Of Adult Human Hip Bone

The sex determination of individual is greatly useful in Anatomy, Archeology & Forensic departments. The hip bone is most reliable bone to determine the sex of individual. A biometrical study of posterior border of 100 adult human hip bones has been done. With the use of osteometric board & triflanged stainless steel caliper, various parameters were measure. Various variables of posterior border of hip bone were calculated by using range, mean, S.D. & P value. In all parameter the arch PB (arch of posterior border), the total angle of greater sciatic notch & the posterior angle of greater sciatic notch gives statistically significant differences between the means related to sex. Above three parameters were highly significant to determine the sex by posterior border of hip bone. The mean value of the arch PB of male was high than female. The mean value of posterior angle of greater sciatic notch was 2.5 times higher in female. We had also measure demarking point (DP) for above three variables. The demarking point gives 99.75% accurate data which were measure by adding & subtracting 3xS.D. from the means. In present study the demarking point for arch PB was >143mm in male &
Prevalence of disability in HIV-infected children attending an urban paediatric HIV clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa

ABSTRACT With the success of evolving cART, HIV has become a chronic condition, however, children vertically infected with HIV have been shown to have developmental difficulties and disabilities. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of disabilities among a group of HIV infected children in South Africa and whether they are being referred to and accessing support services. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a paediatric HIV clinic in Johannesburg. Parents were interviewed about their child using the Ten Question Screen for Disability questionnaire along with a follow-up questionnaire. Data from the child’s clinic file were recorded. Of the 200 children whose parents were interviewed, 50.5% experienced disabilities, where 58.4% of those had more than one co-existing disability. The most commonly reported disabilities were, developmental delay (27%), cognitive and behaviour difficulties (21%), communication difficulties (17%) and physical disabilities (13%). Of the children who reported disability only 46% had been referred to one or more of the following support services; Audiologist, Occupational Therapist, Physiotherapist, Psychologist and/or Speech and Language Therapist. A history of low birth-weight, tuberculosis, lower respiratory tract infections and low pre-ART CD4% were found to be factors associated with the presence of developmental difficulty and/or delay. The prevalence of disability in children infected with HIV is high and these children are not being referred to and/or accessing the appropriate support services. Government policy and clinic practice need to shift the focus of management of children with HIV, to integrate services that can assist with developmental potential and quality-of-life.
Enterprise Architecture Mining

In order to maintain its competitive advantage, an enterprise needs to be adapted to changes and opportunities. EA is one of the tools that capable to grasp the current condition of the enterprise. Thus it is prevalent to maintain an up-to-date EA model. However, manually maintain the model is cost and time consuming. In order to automated maintenance process, there is available method called automated EA model documentation. They are tools, mechanisms that enabled an architect to maintain the EA model automatically. However, current tools and methods only limited to certain systems or products. In this research, we propose an alternative to conducting automated EA model documentation that can combine multiple data sources and inter-operable structure between systems. The research conducted a literature review to study current literature related to log, event log, types of the log, and how an event log produced based on the viewpoint of process mining. The literature study also discovers the definition of process mining, its categories, its type of perspective and the algorithms that support the mining process. The study also discovers possible data sources that available for automated EA model documentation, related work in the automated EA model documentation and lastly propose the conversion pattern between a process model and an EA model. The research also did an narrative review to select appropriate process mining algorithms that are needed for the validation process. We also proposed a log structure that can be populated from systems with the help of the log guideline. Moreover, we indicate possible relevant fields that can be added to the structure to gather additional EA elements. After that we propose EA mining that consists of three steps, to discover business process, elements that related to the workflows, and analysis function. Using both log structure and EA mining we were able to generate an EA model. We were also able to implement EA mining and create algorithms and a prototype. In the research, we also conducted validation to test both the structure and the EA mining. The validation is analysed if the user perception comply with the reality that are produced from running systems. The validation also consists of the accuracy of the conversion pattern and the performance of the prototype.
Chaotic Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Incorporating Clone Immunity

It is generally known that the balance between convergence and diversity is a key issue for solving multi-objective optimization problems. Thus, a chaotic multi-objective particle swarm optimization approach incorporating clone immunity (CICMOPSO) is proposed in this paper. First, points in a non-dominated solution set are mapped to a parallel-cell coordinate system. Then, the status of the particles is evaluated by the Pareto entropy and difference entropy. At the same time, the algorithm parameters are adjusted by feedback information. At the late stage of the algorithm, the local-search ability of the particle swarm still needs to be improved. Logistic mapping and the neighboring immune operator are used to maintain and change the external archive. Experimental test results show that the convergence and diversity of the algorithm are improved.
Seed Performance of Selected Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.)

Aims: Bottle gourd is a useful crop to include in climate change adaption strategies for agronomy. However, diversity in plant and seed forms makes it difficult to predict performance under field management. There is a dearth of knowledge on the relationship between seed morphology and seed performance, namely, germination and early establishment of seedlings. This led to a need to evaluate seed morphology of different bottle gourd landraces and its effect on seed quality as defined by germination and vigour. Methodology: Six mature fruits of different bottle gourd landraces were collected from subsistence farmers and seeds from each fruit were morphologically characterized. Standard germination test, root: shoot ratio, seedling fresh mass, seedling dry mass, germination velocity index (GVI) and electrical conductivity were used to establish seed quality and vigour. Results: Although all traits were significantly different, most of them were not good indicators of seed quality. Seed coat thickness isolated varieties by provenance and was inversely proportional to root: shoot ratio as a measure of seedling establishment. Conclusion: It is concluded that Lagenaria siceraria seed morphology could be a useful trait for selection of planting material in the context of seed germination as a trait.
Predicting Tomato Seedling Morphology by X-ray Analysis of Seeds

Studies based on X-ray photographs were conducted to predict the morphology of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings at transplanting stage. Currently, seed-lot quality of tomato seeds for growing commercial transplants is determined with grow-out tests in the greenhouse because the standard germination test fails to predict the percentage of normal or usable transplants (UTs). These grow-out tests, however, are difficult to standardize. An X-ray evaluation procedure is presented as an alternative. X-ray images nondestructively provide information on embryo size and morphology and the amount of endosperm and the area of free space. These parameters correlate well with the morphology of 14-day old seedlings. Cotyledon morphology has the highest correlation with the percentage of UTs. A test based on the evaluation of X-ray images, classifying the cotyledon morphology and seed free space, predicts the percentage of UTs more accurately than the currently used germination test. A second method based on an equation that uses the probabilities of all X-ray categories proportionally predicts the percentage of UTs of primed seeds more accurately than the first method. Selecting individual seeds based on X-ray images has the potential to raise the percentage of UTs of seed lots. On the average, the percentage of UTs of control seeds was 22% higher after hand selection based on X-ray evaluation. Primed seeds gave 12% higher results. Hence, X-ray analysis can predict seedling performance and enable the selection of high-quality seeds.
Antifungal activity of a gel containing Thymus vulgaris essential oil against Candida species commonly involved in vulvovaginal candidosis

Previous reports of the antifungal potential of Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil against Candida spp. suggests that this natural product may play a valuable role in the management of vulvovaginal candidosis. A polycarbophil-based gel, containing Thymus vulgaris essential oil (1%, w/w), was formulated and its antifungal activity was evaluated in vitro against four strains of Candida commonly involved in vulvovaginal candidosis. Results show that the gel allows the essential oil to maintain its activity at pH values near those observed in the healthy vagina. Also, the lack of significant antifungal activity of the polycarbophil-based gel seems to be advantageous when considering its use as a placebo formulation. Further in vivo studies are needed in order to evaluate the potential of this drug formulation in the management of vulvovaginal candidosis.
Earthstars (Geastrum, Myriostoma) of the Hawaiian Islands Including Two New Species, Geastrum litchiforme and Geastrum reticulatum(1

Abstract: An updated, annotated list of earthstars found in the Hawaiian Islands is presented that includes 19 species of Geastrum and Myriostoma coliforme. Favored habitats for these gasteroid fungi include periodically wet windward coastal Casuarina groves, windward Leucaena thickets, and leeward coastal Prosopis groves. In contrast to these nonnative vegetation zones, earthstars such as Geastrum minimum, G. campestre, and G. corollinum are found also in largely native leeward montane Sophora/Myoporum forests, whereas Geastrum velutinum and G. reticulatum appear in montane native Acacia koa/Metrosideros forests. Eighty-two percent of the collections were made between September and February, although Geastrum triplex may be found earlier during the summer months. Two species, Geastrum litchiforme Desjardin & Hemmes and Geastrum reticulatum Desjardin & Hemmes, are described as new, accompanied by illustrations and comparisons with allied taxa. Geastrum xerophilum, originally published without Latin diagnosis, is formally validated. Specific collections are documented and island distribution and preferred habitats of the various species are listed. An artificial dichotomous key to aid in identification is provided.
Phylogeography of the Adder, Vipera berus

The phylogeography of a wide ranging temperate species, the adder, Vipera berus, was investigated using several genetic tools, with special emphasis on the post-glacial colonisation pattern of Fennoscandia. The area was colonised from two directions by adder populations representing different glacial refugia. The two populations meet in three places and the main contact zone is situated in Northern Finland. The two other contact zones are the result of dispersal across the Baltic Sea to the Umea archepelago and South-Western Finland. Asymmetrically distributed nuclear genetic variation compared to mitochondrial DNA in the northern contact zone suggests a skewed gene flow from the east to the west across the zone. This pattern might reflect differences in dispersal among sexes and lineages, or may be accounted for by a selective advantage for nuclear variation of eastern origin among Fennoscandian adders.The phylogeographic pattern for adders across the entire species range was addressed by sequencing part of the mitochondrial genome and scoring microsatellite markers. The adder can be divided into three major genetic groups. One group is confined to the Balkan peninsula harbouring the distribution range of V. b. bosniensis. A second, well differentiated group is restricted to the Southern Alps. These two areas have probably served as refugia for adders during a number of ice ages for the adders. The third group is distributed across the remainder of the species’ range, from extreme Western Europe to Pacific Russia and can be further divided into one ancestral group inhabiting the Carpathians refugial area, and three more recent groups inhabiting areas west, north and east of the Alps. The adder provides an example of a species where the Mediterranean areas are housing endemic populations, rather than the sources for post-glacial continental colonisation. Continent-wide colonisation has instead occurred from up to three cryptic northern refugia.
Correlation of serum albumin with ischemia modified albumin in acute stroke patients with or without diabetes mellitus

Introduction: Stroke is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is most commonly associated with the acute stroke. Abnormalities in serum albumin are known to occur in acute stroke patients. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a novel marker of acute stroke and hence, it is important to know the factors affecting IMA estimation. The objective of this study was to find out the correlation between serum albumin and IMA in acute stroke with or without DM. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised sixty acute stroke patients (thirty with DM, thirty without DM) and thirty healthy controls. The blood sample was collected from the patients soon after the clinical diagnosis of stroke. IMA and albumin were measured. IMA concentration was expressed in absorbance units. Pearson′s correlation coefficient was estimated. Results: In stroke with DM (r = -0.103, P = 0.58) and control (r = -0.007, P = 0.96) groups, there was a negative correlation between IMA and serum albumin which was statistically not significant. In stroke without DM group, there was a positive correlation between IMA and serum albumin which was again statistically insignificant (r = 0.111, P = 0.56). Discussion and Conclusion: There was no statistically significant correlation between IMA and serum albumin levels in all the three groups. Hence, it can be concluded that IMA concentration is independent of serum albumin concentration and probably, it depends on the severity and duration of ischemia or oxidative stress in acute stroke patients.