Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Collaborative Governance Outcomes and Indicators across Spatial and Temporal Scales: Stewardship Contract Implementation by the United States Forest Service

Abstract Scholarship on collaboration in natural resource management is restricted by a lack of large-N assessments and mixed methods approach to examine relationships between collaborative structures and processes, and management actions and outcomes. This paper examines the relationship between perceived levels of collaboration, collaborative process indicators, and benefits of USDA Forest Service stewardship contracts at a broad spatial and temporal scale using mixed methodology. This study found higher levels of collaboration were strongly associated with jointly initiated processes that included a breadth of interests and utilized a broad range of outreach mechanisms and opportunities for engagement. Highly collaborative processes were closely linked with attaining project objectives and social and economic benefits. Findings contribute to defining collaboration by uncovering the relationship between perceived levels of collaboration, the role of process characteristics, and perceived benefits of collaborative stewardship contracting processes through a large-N dataset (n = 1,064) and case study (n = 61) findings.
Medicinal plants used by the Higaonon tribe of Rogongon, Iligan City, Mindanao, Philippines

This paper presents the ethnobotanical study conducted in Rogongon in Iligan City, Philippines on the indigenous medicinal plant utilization and healthcare practices among the Higaonon tribe. Informal interviews, using a semi-structured questionnaire, involving 65 informants (ages 30-78 years old) provided information on 62 plant species of medicinal value belonging to 34 families and 56 genera. Leaves were the most widely used plant parts which were commonly prepared by boiling in water (decoction) and administered orally. Stomach ailments, respiratory diseases, wounds or cuts, and muscle pains or over fatigue in women were the most common health problems treated by the identified medicinal plants. Some of the medicinal plants enumerated in the study were also utilized by other indigenous groups in the Philippines. Such widespread use of these plants by different groups could to a certain extent be attributed to their efficacy.
The relevance of wholesale electricity market places: the Nordic case

Electricity wholesale markets are undergoing rapid transformation due to the increasing share of distributed and variable renewable energy sources (vRES) penetrating the market. The increasing shares of stochastic wind generation bring along greater deviations between the real time power generation and the day-ahead forecasts of power supply. It is therefore reasonable to assume that trading activity is shifting more from the traditionally dominant day-ahead market into the intra-day and regulating power markets. This is because predicting vRES power generation closer to the actual delivery is more reliable and because power generators are motivated to avoid high imbalance costs. We study price spreads between day-ahead, intra-day and regulating power markets in three Nordic countries (Denmark, Sweden and Finland) during 2013-2017. We estimate vector autoregressive (VAR) models to study the interrelationships between the price spreads and the effects of wind forecast and demand forecast errors, and other exogenous variables, such as transmission congestions and hydrological conditions, on price spreads in different Nord Pool bidding areas. We use the variation in the shares of wind power between bidding areas to analyse the impacts of increased shares of wind power on different market places. We find that wind forecast errors do affect price spreads in areas with large shares of wind power generation. Moreover, demand forecast errors have an impact on almost all price spreads, except in areas with relatively low consumption. Our results indicate that increasing shares of wind power are, indeed, changing the relevance of different market places. Markets closer to real time are playing more important role than in the past.
Making conservation sustainable under unfavourable conditions: the case of Chimanimani National Reserve, Mozambique

ABSTRACT Based on a case study from the Chimanimani National Reserve in Mozambique, this article analyses to what extent different types of operational practices can contribute to the sustainability of protected areas in relatively unfavourable external conditions. While current conservation policies highlight community participation and market-based approaches, the same “best practices” are not equally valid under different conditions. Where unfavourable natural conditions, lack of infrastructure, difficult access and political instability limit the potential for upmarket ecotourism, actors should focus on community empowerment, diversification of livelihoods, and building joint conservation ideology, where they have direct influence through operational practices.
The Mediterranean migration crisis: humanitarian practices and migration governance in Italy

ABSTRACT This article explores the recent so-called Mediterranean migration crisis from the perspective of International Practice Theory (IPT). Over the years, the various non-state actors involved in addressing the crisis have developed specific humanitarian practices. Since the Mare Nostrum operation launched by the Italian government in 2013, search and rescue (SAR) operations have been widely employed by non-state actors to bring people in distress in the Mediterranean to places of safety. Since August 2014 several NGOs have intervened alongside state and EU bodies deploying SAR operations to ensure maritime security in the Mediterranean. The operations associated with the disembarkation of migrants and the provision of initial reception facilities have been conducted with the valuable involvement of international, non-governmental and civil-society organizations, which have sought to fill the gaps left by Italian and European institutions. This article investigates humanitarian activities with the purpose of verifying the existence of practices that emphasize first and foremost migrants’ needs. Non-state actors involved in the governance of migration have developed practices that address the migration crisis more effectively than do state actors. Thanks to their efforts, the institutionalization of practices is producing a relevant body of knowledge in the migration field. The empirical analysis points to the existence of a process of institutionalization from below. Despite states’ focus on closing borders, the humanitarian ‘life cycle of practice’ is ongoing.
Global unsustainable virtual water flows in agricultural trade

Recent studies have highlighted the reliance of global food production on unsustainable irrigation practices, which deplete freshwater stocks and environmental flows, and consequently impair aquatic ecosystems. Unsustainable irrigation is driven by domestic and international demand for agricultural products. Research on the environmental consequences of trade has often concentrated on the global displacement of pollution and land use, while the effect of trade on water sustainability and the drying of over-depleted watercourses has seldom been recognized and quantified. Here we evaluate unsustainable irrigation water consumption (UWC) associated with global crop production and determine the share of UWC embedded in international trade. We find that, while about 52% of global irrigation is unsustainable, 15% of it is virtually exported, with an average 18% increase between year 2000 and 2015. About 60% of global virtual transfers of UWC are driven by exports of cotton, sugar cane, fruits, and vegetables. One third of UWC in Mexico, Spain, Turkmenistan, South Africa, Morocco, and Australia is associated with demand from the export markets. The globalization of water through trade contributes to running rivers dry, an environmental externality commonly overlooked by trade policies. By identifying the producing and consuming countries that are responsible for unsustainable irrigation embedded in virtual water trade, this study highlights trade links in which policies are needed to achieve sustainable water and food security goals in the coming decades.
The Effect of Phentolamine on Reversing Soft Tissue Anesthesia

Long-lasting numbness of soft tissues such as lips, tongue, and cheeks after dental anesthesia is not only unpleasant but has the potential to cause self-inflicted damage to the numb tissue. Phentolamine mesylate, when injected in vicinity to the site of local anesthesia, accelerates the absorption of local anesthesia. Dental use of this drug was approved in the United States and Canada in 2008 and 2014, respectively. The rapidly increasing popularity of this novel technology (intraoral phentolamine injections) warrants a health technology assessment for clinicians. A medical librarian conducted a systematic literature search (up to March 1, 2016) for any clinical study involving intraoral phentolamine injection. Meta-analysis of the efficacy data from 4 clinical studies supports the role of intraoral phentolamine injections in shortening the duration of numbness after local anesthesia. No publication bias was found in the selected studies. The selected studies identified no serious adverse events other than pain at the site of injection and some postprocedural pain. Our cost-effectiveness analysis shows phentolamine mesylate to be an effective treatment modality when compared with no treatment, sham, or placebo injection. Phentolamine mesylate incurs an additional cost (in US dollars) of $0.13 to $0.16 per minute of reversing the soft tissue local anesthesia and $0.38 to $0.46, when compared with sham or placebo injection, after a noninvasive dental procedure. The literature lacked substantial evidence in favor of clinical benefits, such as a decrease in self-inflicted injuries. Only a subgroup of the dental patient population undergoing specific dental procedures would benefit from accelerated recovery from numbness. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Intraoral phentolamine to reverse numbness is a new intervention with ambiguous utility. With consideration of cost and patient preference, evidence generated by this report may be used in clinical decision making and case selection for this intervention.
Globalised Growth in Largely Agrarian Contexts: The Urban–Rural Divide

The gulf in living standards is widening between cities and rural areas of developing countries that have large rural populations. Legacy as well as emergent factors contribute to this trend. An old urban bias from colonial and post-independence times was supplanted by a newer metropolitan bias as global investments began to arrive on these shores. More poorly served by social and physical investments, individuals in rural areas are less well prepared to compete for the better positions. Trends in the technology of manufacturing processes are worsening the prospects for rural youth. Citizenship bonds between the urban rich and the poor in rural areas are fraying as widening differences in lifestyles and aspirations, overlaid on existing inequalities, are cleaving societies into disparate segments of space-age rich and stone-age poor residents. Managing their vastly unequal situations within a common framework of policies and laws is making the tasks of a development state more difficult. This paper examines the forces giving rise to urban-rural inequality and presents the need for institutional and policy reforms.
Emerging adults' financial capability: A financial socialization perspective

This exploratory qualitative research uses the United Kingdom as a case study to understand how past and present financial socialization agents have either enhanced or inhibited emerging adults' financial capability in order to highlight potential opportunities for future policy and practice interventions. Three primary socialization agents were identified. The family as trusted primary advisor continues well into adulthood, even where family financial capability may be low. Beyond this, emerging adults only reluctantly engage with their bank, rely on just‐in‐time experiential learning or self‐socialize via diving, often with false confidence, into the internet. Although there are many quantitative studies on financial socialization, this paper fills a gap by taking a deeply qualitative approach showing, for the first time, empirically highlighting the limited number of financial socialization agents through the voices of emerging adults. The findings contradict previous socialization research that suggests parental socialization reduces into adulthood.
Cash Flow Ratio Analysis: The Case of Turkey

Cash flow-based information provides more insights about liquidity, profitability and financial structure of companies with the other primary financial statements. Hence, using cash flow ratios together with the conventional financial ratios will contribute to the financial statement analysis. Since cash flow ratios are not common as much as the traditional ratios and are still evolving, developing benchmarks and determining normative values are relatively harder for the assessment of firms. Thus, the main motivation of this study is to demonstrate the power of the statement of cash flows by using 8 fundamental cash flow ratios with 10 traditional ratios in the areas of liquidity, profitability and financial structure. We use 107 non-financial firms (966 firm-year observations) in Manufacturing Industry from 7 different sub-sectors in Borsa Istanbul (BIST) between the periods of 2008-2017. According to the results, firms are not good enough to generate sufficient cash to maintain activities and there is low quality of income due to the values in cash quality of sales ratio and quality of income. In addition to high external financing needs of firms, liquidity is also another big concern for the sample period. Furthermore, according to industry and yearly results, Non-Metallic Mineral Products sector and the year of 2009 have relatively the best values in terms of cash-flow based information.
Enhancing Creative Thinking in STEM with 3D CAD Modelling

Creative thinking is an essential part of learning for sustainability, as recent studies indicate. Creativity enables the engineer to find solutions for the design of a new product or for the improvement of one already designed, to make it more sustainable. However, currently, engineering education does not usually assess academic performance in terms of creativity, and although interest in creative processes in engineering is growing, its implementation in the classroom is still scarce. In the present study, a creativity workshop was conducted in order to find multiple solutions to the problem posed, in accordance with divergent thinking. The workshop was based on a 3D CAD modelling activity, and the students needed to give different 3D design solutions starting from a two-dimensional shape. The participants were 72 engineering students from the engineering graphics subject in the degree in agricultural engineering and rural areas. Nine different creative components were evaluated. That way, not only was a generic measure of creativity obtained, but it was also possible to know the evolution of the student after the workshop for each of the components of creativity separately. The results of the workshop confirmed that creativity could be enhanced, and therefore, the learning process for sustainability can be improved in engineering.
General counsel and internal control quality

This paper examines whether the presence of a general counsel in the top-management of a firm influences the internal control quality. Whereas the traditional role of general counsel had a strong focus on ‘gatekeeping’, the modern form places emphasis on managerial and advising tasks, decreasing the degree of monitoring. This effect can be directly observed in the internal control quality, which is measured by looking at adverse opinions reported under article 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act as well as by measuring abnormal discretionary accruals. The results indicate a weak but significant relation between the presence of a general counsel and the magnitude of discretionary accruals. However there are no significant results found between the presence of a general counsel and the likelihood of reporting an adverse opinion under article 404. This could either be due to the inability of article 404 to capture the true underlying internal control issues, or because there are underlying effects influencing the relation between a general counsel and the adverse opinions reported. Furthermore the effect of tenure on the relation studied is also included, finding no significant results. Implications of this finding are that neither entrenchment or an increase in ability occur during the tenure of a general counsel.
Organizational Change Within Christian Higher Education Institutions and the Reactions of Faculty

Christian higher education in the United States is experiencing frequent transformational organizational change that is impacting faculty. Researchers have asserted that frequent, secondorder organizational change correlates with interpersonal conflict, and conflict is associated with counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). These associations between change, conflict, and negative work behavior are important to understand as faculty actions could significantly impact change efforts. Because of the context of Christian higher education, this study was designed to determine if faculty organizational identification influenced the correlations of the variables. It specifically utilized a cross-sectional survey design to assess faculty (N = 267) perceptions of organizational change, interpersonal conflict, CWB, and organizational identification at 5 faithbased universities. Organizational change had a statistically significant positive association with interpersonal conflict, and conflict had a statistically significant positive correlation with CWBs. Organizational identification did not influence these correlations but was found to have a statistically significant negative relationship with interpersonal conflict and CWBs. A model was proposed using an open systems theory perspective that reflected the relationship between all the variables. The findings suggested that leaders in Christian higher education must consider the systemic effects of organizational change as they implement change initiatives.
Characterization of life quality in patients with respiratory tuberculosis treated in the outpatient setting

: The overall Life Quality-100 questionnaire recommended by the World Health Organization was used to survey 29 patients with active respiratory tuberculosis and 19 healthy persons. Life quality (LQ) was assessed by 24 items pooled to form 6 categories. There were significant differences in the overall life quality and in the mental health scale. The activity, mobility, physical status of the patients were impaired. The survey revealed the aspects lowering LQ in patients with active respiratory tuberculosis. It is concluded that individual psychosocial correction of the status of a patient with tuberculosis is promising in making his/her life quality normal.
Redefining the substantive and procedural protections of Most Favoured Nation clauses in Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs)

v List of Abbreviations . ~ . vi List of cases . vii ICJ Cases . vii ICSID Tribunal cases . vii lJNCITRAC Cases . vii List of Legal Instruments . viii CHAPTER ONE . 1 1. Background . 1 1.2. Statement of the problem . 3 1.3. Justification ofthe study . 3 1.4. Hypothesis . 4 1.5. State1nent of objective(s) . 4 1.6. Research Questions . 4 1.7. Literature Review . : . 5 1.8. Theoretical Framework . 7 CHAPTER TW0 . 8 2. Introduction . 8 2.1. Comparative Advantage . 9 2.2. Conclusion . 11 CHAPTER 'fHREE . 12 3. Introduction . 12 3.1. Part I; What 'treatment' falls under the MFN Clause? 14 3.2. Part II: Evolution of the narrow application ofthe MFN clause . 15 3.2.2. Asian Agricultural Product Limited v. Republic of Sri Lanka, ICSID Case No ARB/87 /3 . 18 3.2. 3. Tecnicas Medioambientales Teemed, S.A. v. The United Mexican States, ICSID Case No. ARB (AF)/00/2 . 19 3.3. Emphasis on MFN treatment . 21 3.4. Conclusion . 22 CHAPTER FOUR . 23
From General Estate to Special Interest: German Lawyers 1878-1933

List of illustrations Hierarchy of courts Glossary of legal and other terms Abbreviations Preface 1. The archimedean point: lawyers, liberalism, and the middle-class project 2. Freie advokatur: the blending of the middle-class and professional projects 3. Foundation of the modern profession: the private bar under the lawyer's statute 4. Institutional framework: lawyers and Honoratiorenpolitik 5. Growth and diversification: lawyers in the province of Hannover, 1878-1933 6. Elites and professional ideology: self-discipline and self-administration by the Anwaltskammer Celle 7. Simultaneous admission: the limits of Honoratiorenpolitik 8. The limits of economic Liberalism: freie advokatur or numerus clausus? 9. The limits of political Liberalism: lawyers and the Weimar state 10. Conclusion: lawyers and the limits of Liberalism Methodological appendix Bibliography Index.
Impacts of Accountability, Integrity, and Internal Control on Organizational Value Creation: Evidence from Malaysian Government Linked Companies

Credible and well-functioning governance is crucial for the value creation of firms. Recently, private sectors have undergone substantial changes by focusing on good governance as a tool to enhance value, reputation, and image. The primary features of firms with good governance include greater emphasis on accountability practices, proper implementation of a corporate integrity system, and sound internal controls in place to avoid risk and to ensure policy and procedures that are complied. Government Linked Companies (GLCs) as the backbone of the Malaysian government have been harshly criticised for not being able to create value(s) despite receiving high priority in the process of getting government projects. Therefore, this study aims to examine the role of good governance systems, which are reflected through accountability systems, corporate integrity systems, and internal control systems towards value creation of Malaysian GLCs. This study collected primary data based on a set of questionnaire survey among 100 GLCs in Malaysia. Based on the regression analysis, this study found that corporate integrity systems and internal control systems were vital elements in ensuring value creation in GLCs.
Housing Inequality in Urban China: Theoretical Debates, Empirical Evidences, and Future Directions

Within three decades, the urban housing reform in China has changed access to housing from a system of socialist administrative allocation to that of more market-dominated housing development and consumption. Researchers have studied the socioeconomic and spatial consequences of these profound transformations. This review focuses on China’s housing inequality literature in relation to the changing origins, spatial patterns, and recent policy responses. The article reveals the unique features of China’s transitional economy along with massive urbanization, in which housing inequalities are rooted in socialism and strengthened by institutional changes of a state-led market economy.