Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Channel Deep Learning Models for Wildfire Severity

: Wildﬁres are one of the natural hazards that the European Union is actively monitoring through the Copernicus EMS Earth observation program which continuously releases public information related to such catastrophic events. Such occurrences are the cause of both short-and long-term damages. Thus, to limit their impact and plan the restoration process, a rapid intervention by authorities is needed, which can be enhanced by the use of satellite imagery and automatic burned area delineation methodologies, accelerating the response and the decision-making processes. In this context, we analyze the burned area severity estimation problem by exploiting a state-of-the-art deep learning framework. Experimental results compare different model architectures and loss functions on a very large real-world Sentinel2 satellite dataset. Furthermore, a novel multi-channel attention-based analysis is presented to uncover the prediction behaviour and provide model interpretability. A perturbation mechanism is applied to an attention-based DS-UNet to evaluate the contribution of different domain-driven groups of channels to the severity estimation problem.
The Effects of Soil Suction on Shallow Slope Stability

This study investigates the slope failures associated with clayey soils so engineers can better understand the problem and better predict shallow slope stability, and implement preventive measures if necessary. This research also examines the mechanics of the soil as related to matric suction changes, soil type, desiccation crack formation and expected degree of wetting. Research involves studying at least two field cases where shallow slope instability has been a problem; one case involves a cut slope section and one case involves an embankment slope. There are three primary objectives of the proposed research: 1) To provide geotechnical engineers with a method for predicting stability of cut slopes and embankment slopes composed of unsaturated soil, incorporating soil moisture condition and suction into the analysis. 2) To provide geotechnical engineers with methods for predicting changes in soil moisture conditions and suction in slopes as a function of climate changes so that a proper “design moisture condition” can be selected. This will also allow for predicting the slope stability over time based on predicted moisture content changes. 3) To provide recommendations to minimize the climate impacts on slope stability including, as necessary, reducing adverse impacts of desiccation cracking in clayey materials. Successful completion of this research will provide engineers with tools for improved analysis of shallow slope stability and recommendations for preventing landslides. The research involves field testing and monitoring of suction and moisture content, laboratory testing of unsaturated and saturated strength and flow properties, moisture diffusion modeling based on climate data, investigation of desiccation cracking and its impact on slope stability, and stability analyses. Completed research will have a positive impact on geotechnical practice related to transportation corridors. This report represents a summary of progress during the first half of the project that was partly supported by Oklahoma Transportation Center funding.
Lethal and Sub-Lethal Effects of Organic-Production-Approved Insecticides and Fungicides on the Predator Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) (Hemiptera: Miridae)

Simple Summary Macrolophus pygmaeus is an important natural enemy of major tomato insect pests; however, its beneficial role may be negatively impacted by insecticides and fungicides. Studies on lethal and sub-lethal effects of widely used insecticides and fungicides on this predator are limited. This predator may slightly, partially or fully consume its prey, and this study examined the effects of pesticides on each of these predatory behaviors as a means of identifying in more detail the influences of pesticides on the activity of this predator. The effects of paraffin oil, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, wettable sulfur, Beauveria bassiana and deltamethrin, as a toxic reference treatment, were examined. The results showed that copper hydroxide and B. bassiana may cause significant adverse effects on the survival of M. pygmaeus depending on their application. In addition, the sub-lethal effects on the predatory behavior of M. pygmaeus, as shown by variation in the percentages of prey slightly, partially and fully consumed, were differentiated among the pesticides. The importance of the results for defining best practices in IPM and new approaches in studying sub-lethal effects on M. pygmaeus and other hemipteran predators are discussed. Abstract In this study, the effects of paraffin oil, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, wettable sulfur, Beauveria bassiana and deltamethrin, as a toxic reference treatment, on the survival and predation rate of M. pygmaeus were investigated. In each treatment, the prey were classified as slightly, partially or fully consumed. The mortality rate after contact exposure was high (66.6%) when nymphs were treated with copper hydroxide but much lower after residual exposure (6.6%). B. bassiana caused 53.3% and 46.6% mortality via contact and residual exposure, respectively. The total prey consumption was significantly lower in the pyrethroid reference treatment control and B. bassiana treatments. The highest percentage of slightly consumed prey was recorded in the toxic reference and B. bassiana treatments, that of partially consumed prey in the copper hydroxide treatment and, finally, that of fully consumed prey in the paraffin oil treatment. Therefore, assessing the sub-lethal effects by separating the prey killed into slightly, partially and fully consumed is a sensitive approach to detect impacts which otherwise may remain unnoticed. The results provide information for the most appropriate use of M. pygmaeus in IPM programs and introduce more sensitive approaches in the detection of side-effects of pesticides on M. pygmaeus and other hemipteran predators.
First discovery of the ant genus Eburopone Borowiec, 2016 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) in the Oriental realm, with description of a new species from Vietnam

﻿Abstract The doryline ant genus Eburopone Borowiec, 2016 currently contains only one valid species, E.wroughtoni (Forel, 1910) from southern Africa, with a considerable number of undescribed species awaiting formal description in the Afrotropical and Malagasy regions. In the present paper, Eburoponeeasoanasp. nov. is described based on workers and dealate queens from a colony series collected in an evergreen forest on the Dak Lak Plateau of Vietnam (Ea So Nature Reserve, Dak Lak Province). The worker of the new species is morphologically clearly distinguished from E.wroughtoni by the combination of following characteristics: i) frontal line distinct, extending a little beyond mid-length of cranium; ii) anterior (frontoclypeal) margins of torulo-posttorular complex not forming conspicuous lobes protruding over anterior clypeal margin in full-face view; iii) mandibles when closed in full-face view forming only a little space between anterior clypeal margin and mandibles; iv) promesonotal suture faint and inconspicuous; v) abdominal segment III in dorsal view distinctly wider than long, with lateral margins only feebly convex. This represents the first discovery of the genus Eburopone in the Oriental realm, revealing the disjunct distribution of the genus. A partial sequence of the mitochondrial COI gene (658 bp) is provided as a DNA barcode for the new species. A worker-based key to the doryline genera of the Oriental realm is also provided.
Four New Endophytic Apiospora Species Isolated from Three Dicranopteris Species in Guizhou, China

Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal ferns serve as significant natural resources for drug precursors or bioactive metabolites. During our survey on the diversity of endophytic fungi from Dicranopteris species (a genus of medicinal ferns) in Guizhou, Apoiospora was observed as a dominant fungal group. In this study, seven Apiospora strains, representing four new species, were obtained from the healthy plant tissues of three Dicranopteris species—D. ampla, D. linearis, and D. pedata. The four new species, namely Apiospora aseptata, A. dematiacea, A. dicranopteridis, and A. globosa, were described in detail with color photographs and subjected to phylogenetic analyses using combined LSU, ITS, TEF1-α, and TUB2 sequence data. This study also documented three new hosts for Apiospora species.
Development of audiovisual media on “Mold” material based on guided inquiry to improve students’ critical thinking skills

The needs analysis shows that students must improve their critical thinking skills. The number of students who could differentiate various types of mold conidia based on their structure was also smaller. The purpose of this research and development was to test the effectiveness of audiovisual media on the topic “Mold” based on Guided Inquiry on “Microscope Using Techniques, Description of Colony Morphological Characteristics, and Mold Microscopy” to improve students’ critical thinking skills. This type of research is a quasi-experimental study with the Non-randomized Pretest Posttest Control Group design and follows the stages of the development model from Lee and Owens. Data collection uses validation sheets, response questionnaires, pretest, and posttest questions. Data analysis used the N-Gain score and the Mann Whitney test. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental class which was taught using audiovisual media on the topic “Mold” based on Guided Inquiry, compared to the control class which was taught using conventional Power Point (PPt) media without audiovisual media, so it can be concluded that the media audiovisual on the topic “Mold” is effective in improving students’ critical thinking skills.Abstrak Analisis kebutuhan menunjukkan mahasiswa masih perlu meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis. Jumlah mahasiswa yang mampu membedakan macam-macam konidia kapang berdasarkan strukturnya juga lebih sedikit. Tujuan penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah untuk menguji keefektifan media audiovisual pada topik “Kapang” berbasis Guided Inquiry tentang “Teknik Penggunaan Mikroskop, Deskripsi Ciri-ciri Morfologi Koloni, dan Mikroskopis Kapang” untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuasi eksperimental dengan desain Non-randomized Pretest Posttest Control Group dan mengikuti tahapan model pengembangan dari Lee dan Owens. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar validasi, angket respon, soal pretest dan posttest. Analisis data menggunakan N-Gain score dan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan signifikan antara kelas eksperimen yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan media audiovisual pada topik “Kapang” berbasis Guided Inquiry, dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol yang dibelajarkan dengan menggunakan media Power Point (PPt) secara konvensional tanpa media audiovisual, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa media audiovisual pada topik “Kapang” efektif meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa.
BRIEF REVIEW OF LIQUEFACTION DURING EARTHQUAKES IN JAPAN

To correlate the actual liquefaction phenomena and site conditions, a literature survey about liquefaction phenomena brought by earthquakes during the last century in Japan was performed. Liquefaction distribution map of Japan and the regional maps of Kanto. Nobi and Hokuriku are presented and the factors in relation with liquefaction are discussed. In the last century liquefaction in subsoils has been observed at some hundred sites in at least 44 earthquakes and the sites were limited only to alluvial deposits and reclaimed lands. Furthermore, it was found that liquefaction occurred repeatedly in different earthquakes in several zones. Estimated JMA intensity scale at liquefied sites were more than the fifth grade which means maximum acceleration of 80 to 250 gals. The extent of liquefied zones are limited depending on the magnitude of the earthquakes.
Complementary and Integrative Health Information in the literature: its lexicon and named entity recognition

Abstract Objective To construct an exhaustive Complementary and Integrative Health (CIH) Lexicon (CIHLex) to help better represent the often underrepresented physical and psychological CIH approaches in standard terminologies, and to also apply state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) techniques to help recognize them in the biomedical literature. Materials and methods We constructed the CIHLex by integrating various resources, compiling and integrating data from biomedical literature and relevant sources of knowledge. The Lexicon encompasses 724 unique concepts with 885 corresponding unique terms. We matched these concepts to the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), and we developed and utilized BERT models comparing their efficiency in CIH named entity recognition to well-established models including MetaMap and CLAMP, as well as the large language model GPT3.5-turbo. Results Of the 724 unique concepts in CIHLex, 27.2% could be matched to at least one term in the UMLS. About 74.9% of the mapped UMLS Concept Unique Identifiers were categorized as “Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure. ” Among the models applied to CIH named entity recognition, BLUEBERT delivered the highest macro-average F1-score of 0.91, surpassing other models. Conclusion Our CIHLex significantly augments representation of CIH approaches in biomedical literature. Demonstrating the utility of advanced NLP models, BERT notably excelled in CIH entity recognition. These results highlight promising strategies for enhancing standardization and recognition of CIH terminology in biomedical contexts.
European Journal of Educational Research

: Teaching mathematics in general and instructing mathematics at junior schools in particular not only create favorable conditions for students to develop essential and core competencies but also help students enhance mathematical competencies as a foundation for a good study of the subject and promote essential skills for society, in which mathematical communication skill is an important one. This study aimed to train students in mathematics communication by presenting them with topics in line with the structure's congruent triangles. An experimental sample of 40 students in grade 8 at a junior school in Vietnam, in which they were engaged in learning with activities oriented to increase mathematical communication. A research design employing a pre-test, an intervention, and a post-test was implemented to evaluate such a teaching methodology's effectiveness. For assessing how well the students had progressed in mathematical language activities, the gathered data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Empirical results showed that most students experienced a significant improvement in their mathematical communication skills associated with congruent triangles. Additionally, there were some significant implications and recommendations that were drawn from the research results
DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF PLANTS: DATA LIMITATIONS AND SPATIAL SAMPLING METHODS

of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF PLANTS: DATA LIMITATIONS AND SPATIAL SAMPLING METHODS By Ian J. Fiske August 2006 Chair: Emilio Bruna Major Department: Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Matrix models are widely used to study the dynamics of structured populations and have been applied to basic and applied ecological questions. An important but mostly overlooked issue is how (1) the number of individuals sampled and (2) the field method used to sample those individuals affect estimates of the asymptotic population growth rate, λ, derived from matrix models. We used data from a long-term study of the demography of the Amazonian understory herb Heliconia acuminata (Heliconiaceae) to address both of these questions. To investigate how the number of individuals sampled affects the accuracy of λ estimates, we simulated the effects of sampling variability when collecting demographic data by drawing vital rates from appropriate probability distributions. Because sampling variability of λ depends upon the number of individuals sampled, the distribution of sampling effort among size classes, the variance of fecundity rates, and the survival rates, we varied these factors to investigate their effects. We found no practically important bias in λ estimates when sampling H. acuminata vital rates, independent of sample size, variance of fecundity among individuals, and distribution of samples among stage classes. However, we found significant bias at small sample sizes
How to predict the dimensions of anterior cruciate ligament in children based on MRI?

There are many studies examining the dimensions of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in children. The correlations between the ACL size in children and other parameters are not well understood. To detect the correlations between the ACL size in children and other parameters including age, gender, bone and soft tissue parameters through measurements on MRI images, and to establish prediction models for the ACL size. A total of 99 patients who underwent MRI scan were included (39 girls, 60 boys; mean age, 13.01 ± 3.94; range of age, 4 to 18). The following measurements were taken on MRI images by 2 observers: ACL length, ACL width, posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) length, the distance from the most anterior aspect of the tibial epiphysis to the anterior aspect of the ACL tibial insertion (AATI), the distance from the most anterior aspect of the tibial epiphysis to the posterior aspect of the ACL tibial insertion (APTI), and the tibial anteroposterior diameter (AP). Correlations between these measurements and the patients’ gender and age were investigated, and univariate and multiple linear regression models were established accordingly. Before 13 years old, the ACL length was significantly correlated with the tibial anteroposterior diameter and age (R2 = 0.872, P < .001), and there were no statistically significant gender differences. After 13 years old, the ACL length was significantly correlated with the PCL length and APTI in males (R2 = 0.443, P < .001), and with the PCL length in females (R2 = 0.443, P < .001). In children under 13 years old, there was no significant gender difference in ACL length, and the tibial anteroposterior diameter and age were found to be important indicators in assessing the ACL size. After 13 years old, a significant gender difference in ACL length was observed, and the ACL length was found to be weakly correlated with age and bone parameters. In order to accurately evaluate the ACL size in children aged 13 years and above, it is necessary to refer to the dimensions of the ACL on the collateral side.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Disability Index is a valid and reliable measure of disability in an English-speaking hospital practice and predicts long-term requirement for treatment escalation

Objective The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Disability Index (IBD-DI) was developed according to WHO standards and has been validated in population-based cohorts. However, there are limited data on its relationship to various psychosocial and economic variables or its relevance to hospital clinical practice. The study aims were to determine the validity and reliability of the IBD-DI in an English-speaking hospital out-patient population and to evaluate its association with short and long-term disease activity. Design/Methods 329 subjects were enrolled in a cross-sectional and longitudinal study assessing the IBD-DI and a range of quality of life, work impairment, depression, anxiety, body image, interpersonal, self-esteem, disease activity, symptom scoring scales in addition to long-term outcome. Results The IBD-DI had adequate structure, was internally consistent and demonstrated convergent and predictive validity and was reliable in test–retest study. Disability was related to female sex (p=0.002), antidepressant use (p<0.001), steroid use (p<0.001) and disease activity (p<0.001). Higher IBD-DI scores were associated with long-term disease activity and need for treatment escalation in univariate (p<0.001) and multivariate (p=0.002) analyses. Conclusion The IBD-DI is a valid and reliable measure of disability in English-speaking hospital populations and predicts long-term requirement for treatment escalation.
Adoption and Diffusion of Nature-Based Solutions by Property Owners in Urban Areas: The Case of Green Roofs in Eindhoven, The Netherlands

This article explores general concepts related to the diffusion of innovations theory (DoI) and its use regarding the adoption of nature-based solutions, specifically green roofs, in urban areas by private house/property owners in the city of Eindhoven (Netherlands). Given the gap in knowledge on the potential for the adoption of green roofs by private house/property owners as well as barriers and enablers to their implementation from the DoI perspective, we used a model for predicting the adoption of innovations (ADOPT). Results show that the predicted peak adoption level is 3% and that the time to peak adoption level is 17 years. However, the level of adoption can be significantly enhanced by increasing profit benefit (i.e., cost savings) in the years that they are used (+19 percent points adoption), reducing risk exposure (+17 percent points adoption), and improving ease and convenience (+15 percent points adoption), while the time to peak adoption level can be reduced by enhancing relevant and existing skills and knowledge (−3 years), simplifying trialability and innovation complexity (−2 years), and increasing observability (−1 year). Hence, key factors affecting the adoption of green roofs by private house/property owners have been identified, contributing to the formulation of urban climate change adoption strategies.