Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between signs of hyperalgesia and reported frequent pain in jaw-face and head

Abstract Objective To analyze the relationship between different sites of elicited pain to muscle palpation (PtP), and reported frequent pain in jaw-face and head. Materials and methods The analysis was based on an epidemiological sample of 1200 randomly selected individuals, of which 779 (65%) both completed a questionnaire and participated in a clinical examination. The questionnaire addressed the presence of pain in the jaw-face region and headache, respectively. Part of the clinical examination entailed palpation of the jaw, neck, shoulder, arm, thumb and calf muscles. Logistic regression was applied with pain and headache as dependent variables. A p-value < . 05 determined statistical significance. Results Five percent of participants reported frequent pain in jaw-face, and 17% reported frequent headaches. In the regression analysis, frequent headaches were significantly associated with jaw muscle PtP (OR 2.1, CI 1.4–3.4), regional PtP (OR 4.5, CI 2.6–7.6), and generalized PtP (OR 6.1, CI 2.2–17.0). Jaw-face pain was significantly associated with regional PtP (OR 5.3, CI 2.2–13.0) and generalized PtP (OR 30.1, CI 9.3–97.0). The relationship between pain prevalence and PtP showed a dose-response pattern. Conclusions The study indicates that frequent jaw-face pain and headache are primarily associated with signs of regional and widespread hyperalgesia, which may be linked to the central sensitization mechanism. Signs of widespread hyperalgesia should be accounted for in the diagnostic algorithms when examining patients with pain in the jaw, face, and head regions.
Impacts of Maryland’s Global Budgets on Medicare and Commercial Spending and Utilization

In 2014, Maryland incorporated global budgets into its long-running all-payer rate-setting model for hospitals in order to improve health, increase health care quality, and reduce spending. We used difference-in-differences models to estimate changes in Medicare and commercial insurance utilization and spending in Maryland relative to a hospital-based comparison group. We found slower growth in Medicare hospital spending in Maryland than in the comparison group 4.5 years after model implementation and for commercial plan members after 4 years. We identified reductions in Maryland Medicare admissions but no changes for commercial plan members, although their inpatient spending declined. Relative declines in emergency department and other hospital outpatient spending in Maryland drove slower Medicare hospital spending growth, saving $796 million. Our findings suggest global budgets reduce hospital spending and utilization but aligning incentives between hospital and nonhospital providers may be necessary to further reduce utilization and total spending.
Correction for Nishimura et al., Prevention and treatment of SHIVAD8 infection in rhesus macaques by a potent d-peptide HIV entry inhibitor

MICROBIOLOGY Correction for “Prevention and treatment of SHIVAD8 infection in rhesus macaques by a potent D-peptide HIV entry inhibitor,” by Yoshiaki Nishimura, J. Nicholas Francis, Olivia K. Donau, Eric Jesteadt, Reza Sadjadpour, Amanda R. Smith, Michael S. Seaman, Brett D. Welch, Malcolm A. Martin, and Michael S. Kay, which was first published August 20, 2020; 10.1073/pnas.2009700117 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 22436–22442). The authors note that their competing interest statement was omitted during publication. The authors declare the following: “M.S.K. is a consultant and equity holder in Navigen, Inc. B.D. W. is an equity holder in Navigen, Inc. B.D. W. and J.N. F. are affiliated with Navigen, Inc. J.N. F. is currently affiliated with BioFire Diagnostics (which had no role in this work). ”
Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in myopic phakic eyes.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a potentially blinding disease, more common in the myopic population. This systematic review aimed to collect the existing literature on the incidence of RRD in myopic phakic eyes. MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify eligible studies published until February 2020. In total 2715 publications were identified, of which only three were considered eligible and two as eligible with major limitations. Due to substantial differences between the included studies a pooled analysis was not conducted. Summarizing the results and considering several limitations, an annual RRD incidence per 100,000 of 15 to 34 in mild myopes, 15 to 73 in moderate myopes, 102 to 128 in high myopes and 287 in very highly myopic eyes was shown. Large well-designed studies are needed including precise information on the refractive status or axial eye length, lens status, traumatic injuries and intraocular surgeries during follow-up.
Inferring the roles of vicariance, climate and topography in population differentiation in Salamandra algira (Caudata, Salamandridae)

Integrating information from species occurrence data, environmental variables and molecular markers can provide valuable insights about the processes of population persistence and differentiation. In this study, we present the most comprehensive overview of the evolutionary history of the North African salamander Salamandra algira (Caudata, Salamandridae) to date, including analyses of climatic and topographical variables, and sequences of two mitochondrial and two nuclear DNA fragments, with a special focus on Algerian populations, under-represented in previous studies. Coalescent-based phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA data recover four well-supported population groups corresponding to described subspecies, with a western clade including populations in north-western Morocco (with two subclades corresponding to the subspecies tingitana and splendens), and an eastern clade including populations from north-eastern Morocco (subspecies spelaea) and Algeria (subspecies algira). Inferred split times between major clades date back to the Miocene, with additional splits within each major clade in the Plio-Pleistocene. Present climatic (aridity) and topographical factors account for geographical discontinuities across population groups and help identify potential areas of secondary contact between clades corresponding to the subspecies tingitana and splendens in the Rif mountains in Morocco. Niche analysis indicates the absence of phylogenetic signal in the use of environmental space in this species.
Transcatheter vs surgical aortic valve replacement in low to intermediate surgical risk aortic stenosis patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is regarded as the most superior alternative treatment approach for patients with aortic stenosis (AS) who are associated with high surgical risk, whereas the effectiveness of TAVR vs surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in low to intermediate surgical risk patients remained inconclusive. This study aimed to determine the best treatment strategies for AS with low to intermediate surgical risk based on published randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Adjunctive bright light treatment with gradual advance in unipolar major depressive disorder with evening chronotype – A randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background Unipolar non-seasonal depressed patients with concomitant evening chronotype were associated with poor clinical outcomes and higher non-remission rate. This study aims to examine the efficacy of adjunctive bright light therapy with gradual timing advance in a randomized, assessor and prescriber-blinded controlled trial. Method Participants were randomly allocated to receive 5 weeks of either bright white light therapy (BLT) or dim red light (DRL) with the same advancement protocol. Participants were followed up till 5 months after treatment. Primary outcomes included (i) remission rate and (ii) the severity of depression. The analysis was conducted using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazard analysis and linear mixed models. Results A total of 93 participants (46.4 ± 11.7 years old, 80% female) were randomized. The cumulative remission rate for the BLT and the DRL groups was 67.4% and 46.7%, respectively. Time to remission was shorter for the BLT group relative to the DRL group (log-rank test p = 0.024). Cox proportional hazard survival analysis showed that patients in the BLT group had a higher probability of achieving remission relative to patients in the DRL group [hazard ratio = 1.9 (95% CI = 1.1– 3.4), p = 0.026]. Further sensitivity analysis demonstrated greater improvement in 17-Hamilton Depression Score (group × time interaction, p = 0.04) in the BLT group for those who were adherent to light therapy. Conclusions The use of bright light therapy with gradual advance protocol is an effective adjunctive treatment resulting in quicker and a higher rate of remission of depression in patients with non-seasonal unipolar depression and evening-chronotype.
Where the eyes wander: The relationship between mind wandering and fixation allocation to visually salient and semantically informative static scene content

Vision is crucial for many everyday activities, but the mind is not always focused on what the eyes see. Mind wandering occurs frequently and is associated with attenuated visual and cognitive processing of external information. Corresponding changes in gaze behavior—namely, fewer, longer, and more dispersed fixations—suggest a shift in how the visual system samples external information. Using three computational models of visual salience and two innovative approaches for measuring semantic informativeness, the current work assessed whether these changes reflect how the visual system prioritizes visually salient and semantically informative scene content, two major determinants in most theoretical frameworks and computational models of gaze control. Findings showed that, in a static scene viewing task, fixations were allocated to scene content that was more visually salient 10 seconds prior to probe-caught, self-reported mind wandering compared to self-reported attentive viewing. The relationship between mind wandering and semantic content was more equivocal, with weaker evidence that fixations are more likely to fall on locally informative scene regions. This indicates that the visual system is still able to discriminate visually salient and semantically informative scene content during mind wandering and may fixate on such information more frequently than during attentive viewing. Theoretical implications are discussed in light of these findings.
Skin tone, life satisfaction, and psychological distress among African Americans: The mediating effect of stigma consciousness

This study examined the indirect effect of skin tone on psychological distress via (1) stigma consciousness and (2) life satisfaction among African American adults (N = 780; %Female = 57.65%; Mage = 37.68). Results show indirect effects of (1) skin tone on life satisfaction and (2) skin tone on psychological distress, each via stigma consciousness. Specifically, those with darker (vs. lighter) skin tones reported increased stigma consciousness, which then predicted (1) lower life satisfaction and (2) lower levels of psychological distress. Life satisfaction did not predict psychological distress. Implications for African American mental health are discussed.
Urinary Exosomes of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Unravel CFTR-Related Renal Disease

Background: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is increased in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The study of urinary exosomal proteins might provide insight into the pathophysiology of CF kidney disease. Methods: Urine samples were collected from 19 CF patients (among those 7 were treated by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators), and 8 healthy subjects. Urine exosomal protein content was determined by high resolution mass spectrometry. Results: A heatmap of the differentially expressed proteins in urinary exosomes showed a clear separation between control and CF patients. Seventeen proteins were upregulated in CF patients (including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); proteasome subunit beta type-6, transglutaminases, caspase 14) and 118 were downregulated (including glutathione S-transferases, superoxide dismutase, klotho, endosomal sorting complex required for transport, and matrisome proteins). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed 20 gene sets upregulated and 74 downregulated. Treatment with CFTR modulators yielded no significant modification of the proteomic content. These results highlight that CF kidney cells adapt to the CFTR defect by upregulating proteasome activity and that autophagy and endosomal targeting are impaired. Increased expression of EGFR and decreased expression of klotho and matrisome might play a central role in this CF kidney signature by inducing oxidation, inflammation, accelerated senescence, and abnormal tissue repair. Conclusions: Our study unravels novel insights into consequences of CFTR dysfunction in the urinary tract, some of which may have clinical and therapeutic implications.
STUDIES ON ANTIFERTILITY EFFECT OF GOSSYPOL I.AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS BY EPIDIDYMAL LIGATURE

In order to analyse the action siteof gossypol on spermatogenesis of rats,the operation of epididymal ligature ofone or two sides was performed afteradministration of gossypol by stomachtube for different length of time. In thefirst series the efferent duct, the middlepart of epididymis and the vas deferenswere ligated after administration of gos-sypol for 21 days in 19 rats. In thesecond, the same operation were performedat the 14th day in 12 rats. In the thirdseries the middle part of epididymis andvas deferens of 10 animals which has beenadministrated gossypol for 12 days andwithdrawn for 7 days were ligated Inthe fourth, the control series, normal ratswere operated in similar manners as in theabove three experimental serieses. Themotility of the sperms taken from differentsites of epididymis in all of the seriesesdescribed above were examined at the 7thday after operation. It was found in this study that deadsperms were discovered above the liga-ture site of the middle part of epididymisin the first, second and third serieses.In the second series there remained manymovable sperms in the caudal epididymisand vas deferens of the ligated side in 8cases. The same situation was found ina few cases in the first series. The spermsin the caput epididymis were movable butquite a number were abnormal in thethird series. In the control series somedead sperms were noted at the ligatureportion of the middle part of the epididy-mis, however most of them moved acti-vely and those of the caudal portionmaintained normal activity and aggregatedhead by head. This result demonstrated that theaction site of gossypol is not in theepididymis but in the testis. The pos-sibility of gossypol effecting the late periodof spermatogenesis has been discussed.
Death in delirious palliative-care patients occurs irrespective of age: A prospective, observational cohort study of 229 delirious palliative-care patients

Abstract Objectives Patients with terminal illness are at high risk of developing delirium, in particular, those with multiple predisposing and precipitating risk factors. Delirium in palliative care is largely under-researched, and few studies have systematically assessed key aspects of delirium in elderly, palliative-care patients. Methods In this prospective, observational cohort study at a tertiary care center, 229 delirious palliative-care patients stratified by age: <65 (N = 105) and ≥65 years (N = 124), were analyzed with logistic regression models to identify associations with respect to predisposing and precipitating factors. Results In 88% of the patients, the underlying diagnosis was cancer. Mortality rate and median time to death did not differ significantly between the two age groups. No inter-group differences were detected with respect to gender, care requirements, length of hospital stay, or medical costs. In patients ≥65 years, exclusively predisposing factors were relevant for delirium, including hearing impairment [odds ratio (OR) 3.64; confidence interval (CI) 1.90–6.99; P < 0.001], hypertension (OR 3.57; CI 1.84–6.92; P < 0.001), and chronic kidney disease (OR 4.84; CI 1.19–19.72; P = 0.028). In contrast, in patients <65 years, only precipitating factors were relevant for delirium, including cerebral edema (OR 0.02; CI 0.01–0.43; P = 0.012). Significance of results The results of this study demonstrate that death in delirious palliative-care patients occurs irrespective of age. The multifactorial nature and adverse outcomes of delirium across all age in these patients require clinical recognition. Potentially reversible factors should be detected early to prevent or mitigate delirium and its poor survival outcomes.
Immunohistochemistry‐Based Consensus Molecular Subtypes as a Prognostic and Predictive Biomarker for Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Stage II Colorectal Cancer

Abstract Background For stage II colorectal cancer (CRC), the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial. Consensus molecular subtype (CMS) has been validated to be a prognostic tool for CRCs. In this study, CMS status was investigated as a prognostic biomarker for the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods The tissue microarray was retrospectively constructed of 165 nonconsecutive, primary, and sporadic stage II CRCs. CMS status was determined by immunohistochemistry staining of CDX2, HTR2B, FRMD6, and ZEB1, combining with microsatellite instability testing. The prognostic for adjuvant chemotherapy efficacy of CMS status was calculated by Kaplan‐Meier curves and Cox regression analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to tumor location. Results Kaplan‐Meier curves indicated that CMS was associated with overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival for stage II CRCs. Cox regression analysis showed that CMS was an independent risk factor for OS. Among high‐risk clinicopathological factors, patients with CMS2/3 (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.445, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.227–0.875), left‐sided tumors (HR: 0.488, 95% CI: 0.247–0.968), or fewer than 12 lymph nodes examined (HR: 0.307, 95% CI: 0.097–0.974) had survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Subgroup analysis showed that adjuvant chemotherapy only improved OS for patients with left‐sided tumors of CMS2/3 subtype. Regardless of CMS, right‐sided tumors had no benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion CMS is a better prognostic factor for adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II CRCs. Together with tumor location, CMS classification will aid in personalized treatment for stage II CRCs. Implications for Practice For stage II colorectal cancer (CRC), the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial, in that its minimal benefit (no more than 5% on average) is considered not worth the toxic effects of the drugs. There are still no effective prognostic and predictive biomarkers. This study showed that consensus molecular subtype (CMS) status is a predictive marker for adjuvant chemotherapy efficacy. Patients with left‐sided tumors of CMS2/3 subtype have survival benefit by receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, which will aid in personalized treatment for stage II CRCs. Moreover, this test of CMS based on immunohistochemistry is cheap, not time consuming, and easily conducted in the laboratories of most hospitals.
Prognostic value of admission hyperglycemia on outcomes of thrombolysis in ischemic stroke patients with or without diabetes

Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100070, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing 100070, China.
Screening of a Phosphate Solubilizing and Disease Inhibiting Bacteria Strain and Studies on Its P-Solubilizing Characteristics

【Objective】 The aim of the experiment was to isolate a strain solubilizing various forms of insoluble-phosphate such as tricalcium phosphate,rock phosphate and lecithin and having antagonism reaction against soil borne diseases. 【Method】 Liquid culture medium was used to measure P-solubilizing activities of tricalcium phosphate,rock phosphate and lecithin and an in-door plate antagonism experiment was conducted to study its antagonistic activities against soil borne disease. 【Result】 Six strains solubilizing tricalcium phosphate,rock phosphate and lecithin were isolated from five calcareous soils collected from Jiangsu and Anhui provinces by plate and broth assay.Strain P1 was the most effective for solubilizing tricalcium phosphate and lecithin after 7 days cultivation,with water-soluble phosphorus (WPS) concentration in the culture up to 674.5 μg·mL-1and 33.0 μg·mL-1,respectively,and strain P1 could also effectively solubilize rock phosphate with WSP concentration up to 132.3 μg·mL-1.After physiological characteristics identification and 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequence analysis,strain P1 was identified as Burkholderia gladioli.In addition,the results of plate antagonistic experiment showed that strain P1 had strong antagonistic activities against Phytophthoia capsici,Verticillium dahliae,Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae and Rhizoctonia solani. 【Conclusion】 Strain P1 could both effectively solubilize tricalcium phosphate,rock phosphate and lecithin and have antagonistic ability against several soil-borne pathogens.
Thrombocytopenia Is Associated with COVID-19 Severity and Outcome: An Updated Meta-Analysis of 5637 Patients with Multiple Outcomes

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is persistent worldwide. A prior meta-analysis suggested the association of thrombocytopenia (TCP) with more severe COVID-19 illness and high mortality. Considering newly published studies, we updated the previous meta-analysis to confirm and explain the association of TCP with COVID-19 severity and multiple outcomes. Twenty-four studies with 5637 patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. The weighted incidence of TCP in COVID-19 was 12.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.9%–17.7%). Data synthesis showed that the platelet number was lower in patients with either more severe illness or poor outcomes and even lower in nonsurvivors, with weighted mean differences of −24.56 × 109/L, −22.48 × 109/L, and −49.02 × 109/L, respectively. The meta-analysis of binary outcomes (with and without TCP) indicated the association between TCP and 3-fold enhanced risk of a composite outcome of intensive care unit admission, progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome, and mortality (odds ratio [OR], 3.49; 95% CI, 1.57–7.78). Subgroup analysis by endpoint events suggested TCP to be significantly associated with mortality (OR, 7.37; 95% CI, 2.08–26.14). Overall, the present comprehensive meta-analysis indicated that approximately 12% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 have TCP, which also represents a sign of more severe illness and poor outcomes.