Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the developmental and behavioral consequences of maternal immune activation on affected offspring

4 Chapter 1: General Introduction . 6 1.0 Introduction . 7 1.1 Epidemiological and Clinical Evidence . 9 1.1.1 Cerebral Palsy . 9 1.1.2 Autism Spectrum Disorders . 11 1.1.3 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder . 13 1.1.4 Schizophrenia . 14 1.1.5 Parkinson’s Disease . 18 1.2 Critical Windows . 20 1.2. 1 Neurogenesis . 21 1.2. 2 Neuronal Migration . 22 1.2. 3 Axonal and Dendritic Growth . 23 1.2. 4 Programmed Cell Death . 23 1.2. 5 Synaptogenesis . 24 1.2. 6 Myelination . 25 1.2. 7 Synaptic Pruning/ Brain Re-wiring . 26 1.2. 8 Conclusion . 27 1.3 Animal Models . 30 1.3. 1 Influenza . 30 1.3. 2 LPS . 32 1.3. 3 Poly I:C . 33 1.3. 4 Cytokine Administration . 35 1.3. 5 Importance of Immunogen, Dosage, and Timing . 35 1.3. 6 Translational Validity . 37 1.4 Effects of MIA on Offspring Behavior . 42 1.4. 1 Pre-pulse Inhibition . 42 1.4. 2 Latent Inhibition . 44 1.4. 3 Maze Testing . 45 1.4. 4 Novel Object Recognition . 47 1.4. 5 Social Interaction/ Communication . 47 1.4. 6 Open Field and Pharmaceutical Treatments . 49 1.5 Effects of MIA on Brain Development . 55 1.5. 1 Cytokine Profiles . 55 1.5. 2 Structural Alterations . 57 1.5. 3 Cellular Discrepancies. 58 1.5. 4 Neurochemical and Electrophysiological Changes . 62 1.5. 5 Molecular Consequences . 65 1.6 Mechanisms . 75 1.6. 1 Cytokines . 75 1.6. 2 Microglia Function . 77 1.6. 3 Placental Roles. 79 1.6. 4 Oxidative Stress . 80 1.7 Relevance to Midbrain/ Dopaminergic System Development . 84 1.7. 1 Normal Development/ Anatomical Description . 84 1.7. 2 Developmental Effects of MIA . 85 1.7. 3 Behavioral Effects of MIA . 87 1.8 Aims and Objectives of the Thesis . 90 1.8. 1 Establish an animal model of acute and mild maternal infection . 90 1.8. 2 Determine the effects of MIA on placenta . 90 1.8. 3 Investigate any changes in offspring dopamine-related behaviors in the MIA model . 91 1.8. 4 Establish molecular and cellular effects of MIA on midbrains of affected offspring . 91 Chapter 2:LPS alters placental inflammatory and endocrine mediators and inhibits fetal neurite growth in affected offspring during late gestation . 92 2.
Diploma thesis

description Phase Space Reconstruction is a method that allows to reconstruct the phase space of a system using only an one dimensional time series as input. There are serveral functions that can be used for reconstruction. I demonstrate that all these different transformations can be expressed in frequency space as ˜ x n ( ω ) = f ( ω ) · ˜ x ( ω ) , where ˜ x is a known input ˜ x n the reconstructed output and f ( ω ) a generalized reconstruction function.
Citogenética y biología de la reproducción en Myrmecophagidae (Xenarthra) de Argentina

La familia Mymercophagidae, constituida por cuatro especies, son mamiferos xenartros con distribucion endemica del Neotropico. Al pertenecer esta familia a un grupo basal en placentados, es de particular interes para el establecimiento de las relaciones filogeneticas en mamiferos. Como constituyente de nuestra fauna autoctona su biologia requiere ser cuidadosamente analizada. Se caracterizo citogenetica-molecularmente a 39 ejemplares (20 machos y 19 hembras) de Mymercophaga tridactyla (2n=60 y NF=110-12) y 29 ejemplares (17 machos y 12 hembras) de Tamandua tetradactyla (2n=54 y NF 108). Se establecieron dos poblaciones cariologicas para M. tridactyla y una para T. Tetradactyla en su distribucion Argentina. El par 1 al igual que otros pares cromosomicos, como los sexuales, resultaron estar compartidos en la familia. Se describio tambien la morfologia de los tractos reproductivos en machos y hembras. El tracto reproductor femenino, revelo caracteristicas arcaicas (seno-urogenital) presentes en otras especies de Xenarthra. Los machos de Tamandua tetradactyla presentaron inhibicion testicular, en relacion con una variacion en el tamano del tracto reproductor y se caracterizo morfometricamente el espermatozoide. Tambien se determino el ciclo hormonal en hembras de ambas especies resultando poliestricas anuales.
OCORRÊNCIA DE INFECÇÃO POR Leishmania SPP. E Toxoplasma gondii EM MACACOS-PREGO (Cebus apella) DE CAMPO GRANDE, MS

6 ABSTRACT:- LEITE, T.N.B.; MAJA, T. DE A. ; OVANDO, T.M. ; CANTADORI. D.T. ; SCHIMIDT, L. R. ; GUERCIO, A.C. ; CAVALCANTI, A. ; LOPES, F.M. R. ; CUNHA, I.A. L. DA; NAVARRO, I.T. (Occurrence of infection Leishmania spp. and Toxoplasma gondii in monkeys (Cebus apella) from Campo Grande, MS). Ocorrencia de infeccao por Leishmania spp. e Toxoplasma gondii em macacos-prego (Cebus apella) de Campo Grande, MS. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinaria, v. 17, supl. 1, p. 307-310, 2008. Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva, UEL, Centro de Ciencias Agrarias, Caixa Postal 6001, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brasil. E-mail: italmar@uel.br The aim of this study was research antibodies from infection by Leishmania spp. and Toxoplasma gondii in non- human primates (HNP) and compare the techniques of reaction of Indirect immunofluorescence (IFAT) and Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) for the search of T. gondii. Fourteen adults monkeys (Cebus apella) were examined, from the Centre for Rehabilitation of Wild Animals (CRAS) from Campo Grande, MS. The research of anti- Leishmania spp. was performed by IFAT and research of anti-T. gondii was held by IFAT and MAT. No sample was positive for the detection of anti-Leishmania spp. We found a prevalence of 28.7% (4/14) by IFAT and 30.8% (4/ 13) by MAT in search of anti-T. gondii. The techniques presented agreement when used for the detection of anti-T. gondii in the population studied. The presence of antibodies T. gondii may be related to the environment contaminated by oocysts of wild felines, by contact with the parasite by handling food, since they were offered fruit and raw meat or the invasion by birds and/or rodents, which may serve as prey by monkeys.
Front line demonstrations on need based plant protection in pulses for enhancing productivity and profitability under farmers condition

Pulses have high nutritional value and worldwide commercial importance because these are rich source of protein and fibers. The productivity of pulses is lower in comparison to potential yield due to several biotic and abiotic stress. To show the productivity potential and profitability of need based plant protection in pulse crops (Black gram, Pigeonpea, Gram, pea and Lentil) total 74 front line demonstrations (FLDs) were conducted in 08 villages of Chhatarpur and Sagar districts of Madhya Pradesh under rain fed and partially irrigated condition. The pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) population in Pigeonpea decreased by 56.6% with increase in seed yield (17.26%), net return Rs. 27430 and B:C ratio 5.03 with improved technology (IT) while larval population of pod borer in chick pea reduced by 80 per cent (from 1.5 to 0.3 per plant) with increase in yield of 28.1%. Yellow mosaic disease incidence in blackgram decreased significantly by application of Improved Technology by 61.5% (32.8 to 12.3%) which ultimately gave 50.7% higher grain yield. Seed treatment and soil application of Trichoderma viride decreased incidence of wilt disease by 68.6% in lentil and 68.1% in Gram, which also increased seed yield by 20.7 and 37.3% respectively. The management practice also gave net return of Rs. 15,230 and B:C ratio 3.37 in lentil crop and Rs. 25,650 net return and B:C ratio 4.0 in Gram as compared to FP plots (Rs. 11520 net profit and B:C ratio 3.08 for lentil and Rs. 17300 net profit and 3.27 B:C ratio for chickpea ). Key words: Pigeonpea, gram, blackgram, IPM, Trichoderma viride, demonstration.
Diving for science ‐ science for diving: volunteer scuba divers support science and conservation in the Mediterranean Sea

Recreational diving engages 20 million people worldwide. Most of the literature refers to tropical destinations but at least 1 million dives per year take place in Mediterranean marine protected areas (MPAs). Divers may negatively affect underwater habitats. However, if effectively engaged, they can contribute to science, territorial management and more sustainable local economies. During 2006–2014, volunteers trained by the not-for-profit organization Reef Check Italia (RCI) completed 24 714 observations and 2417 dives in six Mediterranean countries, contributing to a dataset that supports scientific papers about climate change, rare and non-indigenous species (NIS), and informs MPA management decision-making. The wide range of opportunities offered by this dataset is illustrated with two examples relevant to marine conservation in the context of MPA management. They concern: (i) the spread of the NIS Caulerpa cylindracea along the Ligurian coasts, with a focus on Portofino MPA, and (ii) the distribution and abundance of protected species in the Portofino MPA. A diver-focused survey showed that RCI volunteers are highly committed, and that participation in RCI activities has led to a better understanding of, and a sense of stewardship towards, favoured dive sites and the marine world. Knowing who volunteers are, and why they volunteer in their favourite sector, is crucial to designing citizen-science based projects able to achieve their multiple goals. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Gene Polymorphism at 279 Position of the 5'UTR Region with Body Weight Traits in Broiler Chicken

Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) gene has been described in several researches as a candidate gene for growth. The present study attempts to identify associations between body weight traits and polymorphism at 279 position of 5'UTR flanking region of IGF-1 gene in broiler chicken. Three hundred broiler chickens from two breeds (Cobb500 and Hubbard F-15) were used in this study. A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) at 279 position of 5'UTR region of IGF-1 gene was identified in 20.6 and 60.3% of Cobb500 and Hubbard F-15, respectively, using PCR-RFLP technique. Allele frequencies were 83.87 and 42.80% for T allele and 16.13 and 57.20% for C allele in Cobb500 and Hubbard -15 breeds, respectively. Genotype frequencies were 79.35, 9.03 and 11.61% in Cobb500 and 39.73, 6.16 and 54.11% in Hubbard F-15 for TT, TC and CC genotypes, respectively. As related with mean body weight, different weekly results were noted between Cobb500 and Hubbard F-15 according to genotypes during a period from 3-7 weeks of age. Within all genotypes, the mean body weights were higher (p>0.05) in males than females at 5 and 7 weeks of age. As related with body weight gain, Hubbard F-15 broilers were more affected by IGF-1 genotypes than Cobb500 broilers in the last three weeks of age, also, male broilers were more affected by IGF-1 genotypes than female broilers. The results of this study demonstrated that IGF-1 gene, to some extent, could be a candidate gene that affects growth in broiler chickens.
Comparison of Economic Efficiency between in Vitro and Field Methods for Vegetative Propagation of Coffea Canephora

Background: Coffea canephora is a rustic species of coffee which is drought tolerant and resistant to diseases that commonly affect C. arabica. It contributes to about 35% of the world coffee production and is advantageous for the soluble coffee industry. Propagation of C. canephora by seeds is undesirable because this method results in high heterozygosity and great genetic variability among populations. Its vegetative propagation is an alternative to avoid this issue and has been successfully achieved by both in vitro and field methods, mainly by somatic embryogenesis and rooting of cuttings, respectively. Objective: The objective of this study was to approach the viability of the two forms of propagation, comparing cost and time for the production of new plantlets and number of plantlets produced in each propagation system. Results: The final cost of a plantlet produced under in vitro conditions is US$ 0.23, while under field conditions is US$ 0.12, human resources being the highest cost in both systems. The whole in vitro process takes 465 days, in comparison to 345 days taken in the field procedures, the acclimatization of plantlets being the lengthiest activity of the in vitro process. However, a single plant gives origin to 20,131.8 plantlets via the in vitro system, and only 180.2 plantlets via the field system. Conclusion: The propagation of C. canephora by somatic embryogenesis is more expensive and takes more time than the propagation by rooting of cuttings, despite the fact that the former allows the production of many more plantlets per matrix plant. In vitro procedures may be more efficient only when the number of matrix plants is restrictive, as in the case of the launch of new cultivars.
Efficacy and Economics of Various Mechanical Plus Chemical Weed Control Systems in Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Various mechanical plus chemical weed control systems for dry bean production were evaluated at Carrington, ND and Crookston and Staples, MN during 1991 and 1992. A dozen tillage plus herbicide weed control systems are available to growers that can provide selective and effective weed control in dry beans without reliance on chloramben—a standard herbicide on dry beans that has been lost. Dry bean yields were similar with low or high level tillage treatments because most of the herbicide treatments with one cultivation gave adequate weed control and any additional tillage did not improve weed control. Kidney bean yields and prices were greater than either pinto or navy beans so the net returns (bean market value minus production costs) were much greater for kidney bean production. Dry bean producers in the North Central part of the U.S. have at their disposal dependable mechanical plus chemical weed control systems, and their market value has been sufficient to make dry bean production very economical in this region.
Decolorization of Azo Dyes by Aspergillus sojae B-10

Biodegradation of azo dyes such as Amaranth, Sudan III and Congo-Red by Aspergillus sojae B-10 was demonstrated using Aspergillus sojae B-10. Aspergillus sojae B-10 showed the greatest decolorization ability when it was cultivated in a nitrogen-limited medium containing, azo dyes(10 mg/l), 2.0% glucose, 0.06% sodium nitrate, 0.1% , 0.5% ㆍ at pH 5.0 and for 5 days. Under optimal conditions, Amaranth started being decolorized within 24 hr and was almost complete after decolorization of 4 days incubation. Sudan III was completely decolorized after a cultivation of 5 days. However, Congo-Red was not completely decolorized until 5 days of cultivation.
Morphology and Irrigation Efficiency of Gaura lindheimeri Grown with Capacitance Sensor-controlled Irrigation

Gaura lindheimeri Engelm. & Gray 'Siskiyou Pink' (gaura) and Phlox paniculata L. 'David' (garden phlox) were grown for 5 weeks in substrates irrigated at volumetric water contents (Θ) of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, or 0.45 m 3 ·m -3 using a capacitance sensor-controlled irrigation system. Volumetric water contents of the substrate measured by the capacitance sensors controlling irrigation were correlated with measurements with a separate handheld meter (r2 = 0.83) and with volumetric water content set points throughout the study (r 2 > 0.98). Only 3.8 (at an irrigation set point of 0.10 m 3 ·m -3 ) to 53 L (0.45 m 3 ·m -3 ) of water was used to irrigate gaura and phlox and 0 to 7.74 L of this water leached out of the substrates. Significant leaching occurred only at Θ set points of 0.40, or 0.45 m 3 ·m -3 . Gaura had shorter and fewer branches and reduced dry weight when grown at lower volumetric water contents, but plants irrigated at set points above 0.25 m 3 ·m -3 3 were large enough to be marketable. Gaura may be grown with capacitance sensor-automated irrigation using water efficiently and minimizing or eliminating leachate and thus nonpoint source pollution.
Browning of Heated Ground Beef Containing Added Phospholipid and Reducing Sugar

Knowledge concerning reactions contributing to browning of cooked ground beef patties and the cooking drip is limit�d. The possible con­ tribution of carbonyl-amine reaction(s) involving phospholipids and reducing sugar to color of cooked meat and drip was investigated. Glucose was added at 2 and 4.percent levels to ground beef to which commercial bovine phospholipid had.been added. The·concentrations of reducing sugar and phospholipid and distribution of phospholipids among the three major classes were determined in raw and cooked meat. Light reflectance determinations were made on the cooked meat surface, and absorbance readings and reducing sugar determinations were made on the drip. Phospholipid content of raw and cooked meat lipid did not differ . significantly. Distribution of phospholipid classes was similar in raw and cooked meat. Drip phospholipids could not be separated by thin layer chromatography. Reducing sugar values for the cooked. meat plus drip were less than those of the raw meat. Browning of the meat d�d not increase with increasing glucose concentrations. Increasing glu­ cose concentration did result in increased browning of the drip. Both caramelization and carbonyl-amine reactions could have contributed to drip browning. A possible role of phospholipids in browning could · not be established in the absence of drip phospholipid data.
Molecular phylogeny of lauxaniid flies (Diptera, Cyclorrhapha) confirms non-monophyly of Sapromyza Fallén 1810

Lauxaniids are a species rich group of acalyptrate flies, with most species known from the tropics. Several genera are in suspicion of non-monophyly, but no phylogenetic analysis has been carried out. Three markers (28S rRNA, 16S rRNA and EF 1-α) were employed to analyze relationships of 66 European lauxaniids, including 9 sequences from GenBank. The data was analysed using the Bayesian and maximum parsimony approach. Genus Sapromyza appears in three distinct clades, confirming the expected non-monophyly. New combinations are proposed for the following species: Homoneura muscaria , comb. n. , Paralauxania albiceps comb. n. , Nannomyza basalis comb. n. , Nannomyza takagii comb. n. Along with the analysis, Sapromyza slovaca sp. n. is described. The type material has been deposited in the Institute of zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences.
Winter bird feeding and localized predation on simulated bark-dwelling arthropods

Recreational bird feeding is an extremely popular activity that influences winter bird distribution and demography and may influence other organisms near feeders. In the United States, an estimated 60 million people, or 43% of households, currently feed wild birds. For this reason, it has been suggested that public bird feeding currently is the largest wildlife management activity in northern temperate regions. We used a replicated experiment utilizing mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) as surrogate overwintering arthropods to examine whether supplemental winter bird feeding influences kill rate on nearby alternative foods (i.e., mealworms). After 6 weeks of exposure during winter 2000-2001, more mealworms were consumed in feeder plots than in control plots. Predation intensity on mealworms did not decline at distances up to 20 m from feeders. Our findings support the hypothesis that the aggregation of birds near a feeder results in increased predation on nearby bark-dwelling arthropods. Use of winter bird feeders as a potential alternative form of arthropod pest control deserves further study.
Argonaute-1 Machinery Silent Cancer Noises

Small non-coding RNA mediated that is micromanaging of global gene regulation was well established as fundamental principle in cell or tissue functions. To carry out, biological role small RNA needs a unique batch of protein family named Argonaute (AGO). The Argonaute proteins carry sophisticated and highly delicate interacting modules common for three specialized small RNAs, microRNA (miRNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA) and Piwi interacting RNA (piRNA). These RNA-proteins complexes are unique to coordinate silencing events in the genome. Recent works have made a novel role of AGO1 protein by extending its tentacle towards cancer monitoring pathways. It makes a constructive bridge between a direct and constructive link between cancer and RNAi (RNA interference) machinery. Apart from multifarious classical functions such as disruption of mRNA translation, decay, transcriptional regulation and splicing, we demonstrate a new concept to narrate the role of AGO1 proteins in different cancer regulatory pathways via microRNA- Argonaute circuit specifically.
Elucidating the role of the mucus-associated microbiota and mucin glycosylation in inflammatory bowel disease

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is host to a dynamic community of 1013-1014 bacteria, which mainly reside in the colonic lumen and outer mucus layer covering the GI tract. Mucins are decorated in a diverse array of O-glycans, providing nutrients and attachment sites for microbes. Dysbiosis of the microbiota, and alterations in mucin glycosylation have been associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). However, the causal relationship between these two factors remains unclear. Here, we employed a multidisciplinary approach to address this relationship, and the molecular mechanisms mediating these changes. Mucosal lavages and biopsies obtained from the sigmoid and ascending colon of patients were used to assess alterations in the mucosal microbiota and the glycosylation of associated mucus in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Secondly, in vitro growth assays and gnotobiotic mouse experiments were performed to investigate the reciprocal role of mucin-degrading bacteria in the modulation of mucin O-glycosylation. These analyses highlighted inter-patient variability, but a similar microbial composition between colonic sites. In contrast, mucin glycosylation and the expression of glycosyltransferases was regio-specific. In UC, changes in the abundances of bacterial groups, including a decrease in the A. muciniphila to R. gnavus ratio were apparent. UC mucins displayed a decrease in fucosylation, increase in sialylation, and a decrease in many complex glycan structures found in abundance in controls. In vitro growth assays suggested that UC-like mucin glycosylation impaired A. muciniphila growth, whilst R. gnavus remained unaffected, potentially explaining changes in these species in UC. Furthermore, gnotobiotic mouse experiments showed that A. muciniphila and R. gnavus were able to remodel mucin glycosylation. Our findings suggest a multifactorial dysregulation at the epithelial interface in IBD, where mucus-associated microbiota and mucin glycosylation are interdependent. It is likely that an initial disruption in either of these components drives alterations in other mucosal constituents, propagating disease and exacerbating inflammation.
Clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of biocompound IMMUNEPOTENT CRP in the third-molar extraction

ABSTRACT A controlled, parallel, randomized and comparative trial was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of IMMUNEPOTENT CRP versus ibuprofen in patients after third-molar surgery over seven days. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of IMMUNEPOTENT CRP was evaluated using the method of Amin and Laskin, and the analysis of cytokine production (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, INF-γ) in saliva was done by flow cytometry. The swelling process after surgery was significant (p < 0.05) and the treatments with IMMUNEPOTENT CRP or ibuprofen controlled this process properly; no difference between the groups was found (p < 0.05). Both treatments were shown to modulate the cytokine production. These results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of the natural compound IMMUNEPOTENT CRP and suggest it could be used in clinical dental practice.