Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early childhood teachers’ noticing skills in the context of an intervention: supporting teachers to effectively reflect on practice

ABSTRACT Positive early classroom interactions are crucial for children’s development. Increasingly, more professional development programs focus on improving interactions and their underlying skills. Research on interventions has focused on their effectiveness in changing teachers’ classroom interactions; however, less is known about how this occurs. This study investigated how teachers who changed their classroom practice in an intervention developed their reflective skills through conferences with a coach. Results indicate that the coaching support is associated with teachers’ reflective skills. Coaches and teachers, over time, engaged in more cumulative exchanges, enabling spaces for teachers to reflect more about their practice, and specific types of exchanges promoted more reflection and willingness to change. This is relevant as increasingly more children are in classroom settings at an early age, and little research is available to guide improvement efforts. This article can serve for designing interventions to improve early childhood teachers’ skills and their children’s development.
Detection of glycolaldehyde toward the solar-type protostar NGC 1333 IRAS2A ?

Glycolaldehyde is a key molecule in the formation of biologically relevant molecules such as ribose. We report its detection with the Plateau de Bure interferometer toward the Class 0 young stellar object NGC 1333 IRAS2A, which is only the second solar-type protostar for which this prebiotic molecule is detected. Local thermodynamic equilibrium analyses of glycolaldehyde, ethylene glycol (the reduced alcohol of glycolaldehyde), and methyl formate (the most abundant isomer of glycolaldehyde) were carried out. The relative abundance of ethylene glycol to glycolaldehyde is found to be 5 ‐ higher than in the Class 0 source IRAS 16293-2422 ( 1), but similar to the lower limits derived in comets ( 3‐6). The di erent ethylene glycol-to-glycolaldehyde ratios in the two protostars might be related to di erent CH3OH:CO compositions of the icy grain mantles. In particular, a more e cient hydrogenation on the grains in NGC 1333 IRAS2A would favor the formation of both methanol and ethylene glycol. In conclusion, it is possible that like NGC 1333 IRAS2A, other low-mass protostars show high ethylene glycol-to-glycolaldehyde abundance ratios. The cometary ratios might consequently be inherited from earlier stages of star formation if the young Sun experienced conditions similar to NGC 1333 IRAS2A.
Glasses in Colloidal Systems. Attractive Interactions and Gelation

In this chapter, a study of the glass transitions in colloidal systems is presented, in connection with gelation, mainly from theoretical and simulation results. Mode Coupling Theory, which anticipated the existence of attraction driven glasses, is reviewed, and its predictions concerning attractive glasses discussed. Results from computer simulations will be presented for different models and the predictions of the theory will be tested. Starting from high density, where reasonable agreement is found, the study will be extended to low density, where new modes for the decay of density correlation functions appear. In all cases, the results will be also be brought into connection with experiments, and we will conclude with a discussion of the present understanding of the mechanisms leading to gelation.
In‐field cover crop strips support carabid communities and shape the ecological trait repartition in maize fields

The enhancement of pest regulation service in crops depends for a large part on the capacity of agroecological practices to increase the presence of key species or functional traits in arthropod communities within fields. We investigated the effects of undestroyed strips of winter cover crops in maize fields on carabid community composition, and on the distribution of three ecological traits: diet, wing status and body size. We found that the community composition and the distribution of ecological traits in the in‐field cover crop strips had commonalities with both adjacent cropped areas and field margins. Some species were recorded mostly or only in the strips indicating that strips could support carabid species and help increase local diversity from the first year of establishment. The activity‐density of Poecilus cupreus and Pterostichus melanarius was higher in the cropped proximity of the strip, and the body size was influenced by the distance from the strip. Our results suggest that carabid communities are shaped by the habitat type, but the influence of such agroecological infrastructures on communities of adjacent crops is minor beyond a distance of 10 m. However, overall species abundance was increased and thus potentially provided enhanced pest regulation.
A Numerical Study on the Effects of Purge and Air Curtain Flow Rates on Humidity Invasion Into a Front Opening Unified Pod (FOUP)

Minimizing airborne molecular contamination (AMC) and moisture significantly decreases the defect rate of semiconductor products during manufacturing. Humid air originating from the fan filter unit (FFU) that is located at the top of a mini-environment (ME) might be transferred into a front opening unified pod (FOUP). Different moisture removal techniques such as diffuser purge and air curtain were applied to minimize the humidity level inside the FOUP. This computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical study evaluates the relative humidity (RH) level inside the FOUP subjected to different moisture removal techniques when the door is open. Different practical purge and air curtain flow rates were simulated. The large eddy simulation (LES) model was performed to simulate eddies inside the FOUP and ME. The relative humidity contours were also simulated inside the FOUP and ME. The results of the simulations were verified by experimental RH measurements. The findings show that combining the methods of diffuser purge and air curtain with flow rates of 130 and 360 LPM respectively has the highest moisture removal efficiency. This method can significantly decrease the humidity level inside the FOUP, resulting in a decrease in the defect rate on silicon wafers during manufacturing and storage.
Electrochemical Investigation of Iron-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Use of iron-based catalysts in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is very interesting because of the abundance of the metal and its biocompatibility. Although the mechanism of action is not well understood yet, iron halide salts are usually used as catalysts, often in the presence of nitrogen or phosphorous ligands (L). In this study, electrochemically mediated ATRP (eATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) catalyzed by FeCl3, both in the absence and presence of additional ligands, was investigated in dimethylformamide. The electrochemical behavior of FeCl3 and FeCl3/L was deeply investigated showing the speciation of Fe(III) and Fe(II) and the role played by added ligands. It is shown that amine ligands form stable iron complexes, whereas phosphines act as reducing agents. eATRP of MMA catalyzed by FeCl3 was investigated in different conditions. In particular, the effects of temperature, catalyst concentration, catalyst-to-initiator ratio, halide ion excess and added ligands were investigated. In general, polymerization was moderately fast but difficult to control. Surprisingly, the best results were obtained with FeCl3 without any other ligand. Electrogenerated Fe(II) effectively activates the dormant chains but deactivation of the propagating radicals by Fe(III) species is less efficient, resulting in dispersity > 1.5, unless a high concentration of FeCl3 is used.
Bending and Free Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Sandwich Pile on Elastic Foundation Using Rayleigh-Ritz Method

The present study aims to carry out a parametric investigation on a pile made of different materials, and subjected to static and dynamic loading resulting from the weight of the structure and the shear force acting on the head of the pile. It is worth specifying that the pile is anchored in the ground on a Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation that is made up of five different layers. In this study, the equilibrium equations were treated using the high-order theory with a new shear deformation shape function of a cylindrical pile made of an isotropic material and a sandwich functionally graded material.The results obtained with a numerical study based on the minimization of energies by the Rayleigh-Ritz method was carried out in order to highlight the influence of the geometric ratio, the volume fraction of the functionally graded material, and the type of loading on the vibration frequencies and the admissible stresses in order to determine the most appropriate material for the pile so that extreme stresses can be absorbed. The precision and the applicability of the method with new solution of the transverse shear deformation are demonstrated through this study with modeling of the layered property of the soil, were then compared with those reported in previous work available in the literature. It turned out that these results are in good agreement with each other, for the different materials of pile and for all boundary conditions considered. The results of pile with sandwich functionally graded material, it is revealed that the role of this material has an influence on the type of loading, especially, in the case statique of a pile subjected to a compound bending weight and the shear effect, in case dynamique the pile with vibration flexible or rigid .
Spatiotemporal Patterns in pCO2 and Nutrient Concentration: Implications for the CO2 Variations in a Eutrophic Lake

Lakes are considered sentinels of terrestrial environmental change. Nevertheless, our understanding of the impact of catchment anthropogenic activities on nutrients and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2, an important parameter in evaluating CO2 levels in water) is still restrained by the scarcity of long-term observations. In this study, spatiotemporal variations in nutrient concentrations (total nitrogen: TN, total phosphorus: TP, nitrate: NO3−–N, and ammonium: NH4+–N) pCO2 in Taihu Lake were analyzed from 1992 to 2006, along with the gross domestic product (GDP) and wastewater discharge (WD) of its catchment. The study area was divided into three zones to characterize spatial heterogeneity in water quality: the inflow river mouth zone (Liangxi River and Zhihugang River), transition zone (Meiliang Bay), and central Taihu Lake, respectively. It is abundantly obvious that external nutrient inputs from the catchment have a notable impact on the water parameters in Taihu Lake, because nutrient concentrations and pCO2 were substantially higher in the inflow river mouth zone than in the open water of Meiliang Bay and central Taihu Lake. The GDP and WD of Taihu Lake’s catchment were significantly and positively correlated with the temporal variation in nutrient concentrations and pCO2, indicating that catchment development activities had an impact on Taihu Lake’s water quality. In addition, pCO2 was negatively correlated with chlorophyll a and the saturation of dissolved oxygen, but positively correlated with nutrient concentrations (e.g., TN, TP, and NH4+–N) in inflow river mouth zone of Taihu Lake. The findings of this study reveal that the anthropogenic activities of the catchment not only affect the water quality of Taihu Lake but also the CO2 concentrations. Consequently, catchment effects require consideration when modeling and estimating CO2 emissions from the extensively human-impacted eutrophic lakes.
Prices Versus Quantities: Stock Pollution Control with Repeated Choice of the Instrument

One examines strategies of pollution control through choices between taxes and tradable permits, supposed to be decided at several time periods t1,t2,…,tI. At each of these time periods, the choice depends on the solution of a dynamic programming problem involving the expectations of the polluting factor of production function z(t) and the pollutant stock function S(t). According to coefficients of these two functions in the dynamic problem, it is shown under a broad functional setting that permits are decided for a while, followed by decisions of taxes for all the remaining periods. Finite (I<∞), as well as infinite (I=∞) horizon is considered.
Convolved Quality Transformer: Image Quality Assessment via Long-Range Interaction Between Local Perception

A hybrid architecture composed of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a Transformer is the new trend in realizing various vision tasks while pushing the limits of learning representation. From the perspective of mechanisms of CNN and Transformer, a functional combination of them is suitable for the image quality assessment (IQA) since which requires leveraging both local distortion perception and global quality aggregation, however, there has been scarce study employing such an approach. This paper presents an end-to-end CNN-Transformer hybrid model for full-reference IQA named convolved quality transformer (CQT). The CQT is inspired by the human’s perceptual characteristics and is designed to unify the advantages of both CNN and Transformer for evaluating quality score. In CQT, convolutional layers specialize in local distortion feature extraction whereas Transformer aggregates them to estimate holistic quality via long-range interaction between them. Such a series of processes is repeated on multi-scale feature maps to capture quality representation sensitively. To verify submodules in CQT perform their roles properly, we in-depth analyze the interaction between local distortions inferring global quality with attention visualization. Finally, the perceptually pooled information from stage-wise feature embeddings derives the final quality level. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves superior performance in comparison to previous data-driven approaches, and which is even well-generalized over standard datasets.
A multidimensional Szemerédi's theorem in the primes

Let $A$ be a subset of positive relative upper density of $\PP^d$, the $d$-tuples of primes. We prove that $A$ contains an affine copy of any finite set $F\subs\Z^d$, which provides a natural multi-dimensional extension of the theorem of Green and Tao on the existence of long arithmetic progressions in the primes. The proof uses the hypergraph approach by assigning a pseudo-random weight system to the pattern $F$ on a $d+1$-partite hypergraph; a novel feature being that the hypergraph is no longer uniform with weights attached to lower dimensional edges. Then, instead of using a transference principle, we proceed by extending the proof of the so-called hypergraph removal lemma to our settings, relying only on the linear forms condition of Green and Tao.
Changes in Proximal Tubular Reabsorption Modulate Microvascular Regulation via the TGF System

This review paper considers the consequences of modulating tubular reabsorption proximal to the macula densa by sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, acetazolamide, and furosemide in states of glomerular hyperfiltration. SGLT2 inhibitors improve renal function in early and advanced diabetic nephropathy by decreasing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), presumably by activating the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism. Central in this paper is that the renoprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic nephropathy can only be partially explained by TGF activation, and there are alternative explanations. The sustained activation of TGF leans on two prerequisites: no or only partial adaptation should occur in reabsorption proximal to macula densa, and no or only partial adaptation should occur in the TGF response. The main proximal tubular and loop of Henle sodium transporters are sodium–hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3), SGLT2, and the Na-K-2Cl co-transporter (NKCC2). SGLT2 inhibitors, acetazolamide, and furosemide are the most important compounds; inhibiting these transporters would decrease sodium reabsorption upstream of the macula densa and increase TGF activity. This could directly or indirectly affect TGF responsiveness, which could oppose sustained TGF activation. Only SGLT2 inhibitors can sustainably activate the TGF as there is only partial compensation in tubular reabsorption and TGF response. SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to preserve GFR in both early and advanced diabetic nephropathy. Other than for early diabetic nephropathy, a solid physiological basis for these effects in advanced nephropathy is lacking. In addition, TGF has hardly been studied in humans, and therefore this role of TGF remains elusive. This review also considers alternative explanations for the renoprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic patients such as the enhancement of microvascular network function. Furthermore, combination use of SGLT2 inhibitors and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). in diabetes can decrease inflammatory pathways, improve renal oxygenation, and delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Lifecourse Transitions: How ICTS Support Older Migrants’ Adaptation to Transnational Lives

Lifecourse transitions from adulthood into older age are particularly complex for transnationalmigrants, bringing additional challenges and opportunities. Adding to the growing literature on ageing and migration, this article illustrates the ways ICTs facilitate the transnational lifecourse transitions of Vietnamese migrant grandparents in Australia through lifecourse digital learning. Research findings highlight the crucial role that digital citizenship plays in supporting migrant grandparents’ adaptation to increasingly mobile lives through practices of digital kinning and digital homing. These practices include using technological tools to maintain social support networks, exchange transnational caregiving, tackle language, navigation, and social integration barriers, and consume culturally relevant media, all of which support migrant identities and belongings. Findings confirm the importance of ICTs in promoting lifecourse digital learning for older migrants who are often stereotyped for their poor learning capacities and ability to adapt to new living arrangements because of their older age.
EXPLORING THE COMMUNICATIVE-NESS OF INDONESIAN ENGLISH COURSEBOOK: A CONTENT ANALYSIS

One thing cannot be denied from teaching and learning process is teaching material and methodology. They are often used interchangeably. Therefore, the creation of the teaching materials is underpinned based on the methodology that has been widely used and existed. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) as the methodology has been widely implemented in the classroom and materials in teaching and learning language. However, the CLT principles in the textbook are not much evaluated. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the CLT principles in the English textbook in Indonesia, to be exact Bahasa Inggris SMA Kelas 11 Semester 2 Textbook for Secondary Students in Indonesia. In evaluation process, the researchers used an adopted textbookâ€™s evaluation checklist from Grantâ€™s and Cunningsworthâ€™s evaluation tools. Furthermore, there are five aspects to be focused which are the material, CLT claims, activities, provided skills, and tasks in the textbook. The findings showed that the textbook is not really implementing the principles of CLT. Moreover, it can be recognized from its activity and skills. Therefore, several aspects such as task, activity, and skills are needed to be improved. At the end of the chapter, suggestion for improving is also attached to improve the coursebook.
The band-gap bowing of AlxGa1−xN alloys

The band gap of AlxGa1−xN is measured for the composition range 0⩽x 800 °C usually lead to stronger apparent bowing (b>+1.3 eV); while growths initiated using low-temperature buffers on sapphire, followed by high-temperature growth, lead to weaker bowing (b<+1.3 eV). Extant data suggest that the intrinsic band-gap bowing parameter for AlGaN alloys is b=+0.62(±0.45) eV.
THE EVOLUTION OF CIRCUMPLANETARY DISKS AROUND PLANETS IN WIDE ORBITS: IMPLICATIONS FOR FORMATION THEORY, OBSERVATIONS, AND MOON SYSTEMS

Using radiation hydrodynamics simulations, we explore the evolution of circumplanetary disks around wide-orbit proto-gas giants. At large distances from the star (∼100 AU), gravitational instability followed by disk fragmentation can form low-mass substellar companions (massive gas giants and/or brown dwarfs) that are likely to host large disks. We examine the initial evolution of these subdisks and their role in regulating the growth of their substellar companions, as well as explore consequences of their interactions with circumstellar material. We find that subdisks that form in the context of GIs evolve quickly from a very massive state. Long-term accretion rates from the subdisk onto the proto-gas giant reach ∼0.3 Jupiter masses kyr−1. We also find consistency with previous simulations, demonstrating that subdisks are truncated at ∼1/3 of the companion's Hill radius and are thick, with (h/r) of ≳ 0.2. The thickness of subdisks draws to question the use of thin-disk approximations for understanding the behavior of subdisks, and the morphology of subdisks has implications for the formation and extent of satellite systems. These subdisks create heating events in otherwise cold regions of the circumstellar disk and serve as planet formation beacons that can be detected by instruments such as ALMA.
What controls the large-scale magnetic fields of M dwarfs?

Abstract Observations of active M dwarfs show a broad variety of large-scale magnetic fields encompassing dipole-dominated and multipolar geometries. We detail the analogy between some anelastic dynamo simulations and spectropolarimetric observations of 23 M stars. In numerical models, the relative contribution of inertia and Coriolis force –estimated by the so-called local Rossby number– is known to have a strong impact on the magnetic field geometry. We discuss the relevance of this parameter in setting the large-scale magnetic field of M dwarfs.
Improvements to the resolution and efficiency of the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector and their effects on background studies

The Dark matter Experiment using Argon Pulse-shape discrimination will be a tonne scale liquid argon experiment to detect scintillation light produced by interactions with weakly interacting massive particles, leading dark matter candidates. The detector will be constructed out of acrylic and use a spherical array of 266 photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs) to count photons produced by an event and will use properties of liquid argon to discriminate signals from background α and γ events. There is currently a smaller prototype, with a cylindrical geometry and using two PMTs, in operation underground at SNOLAB an underground laboratory in eastern Canada. The goal of the prototype detector is to understand the sources of background signals in a detector of our design and to validate our method of distinguishing different types of background radiation. The work presented herein is a series of studies with the common goal of understanding the source of background signals, and improving the resolution and efficiency of the detector.