Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Narrow associated quasi-stellar object absorbers: clustering, outflows and the line-of-sight proximity effect

Using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 3 (SDSS DR3) we investigate how narrow (< 700km/s) C IV and Mg II quasar absorption line systems are distributed around quasars. The C IV absorbers lie in the redshift range 1:6 < z < 4 and the Mg II absorbers in the range 0:4 < z< 2:2. By correlating absorbers with quasars on different but nei ghbouring lines-of-sight, we measure the clustering of absorbers aro und quasars on comoving scales between 4 and 30 Mpc. The observed comoving correlation lengths are ro � 5h 1 Mpc, similar to those observed for bright galaxies at these redshifts. Co mparing with correlations between absorbers and the quasars in whose spectra they are identifie d then implies: (i) that quasars destroy absorbers to comoving distances of � 300kpc (C IV) and � 800kpc (Mg II) along their lines-of-sight; (ii) that & 40% of C IV absorbers within 3,000 km/s of the QSO are not a result of large-scale clustering but rather are directly a ssociated with the quasar itself; (iii) that this intrinsic absorber population extends to outflow v elocities of order 12,000 km/s; (iv) that this outflow component is present in both radio-loud and radio-quiet quasars; and (v) that a small high-velocity outflow component is observed in the Mg II population, but any further intrinsic absorber component is undetectable in our cluste ring analysis. We also find an indication that absorption systems within 3,000 km/s are more abundant for radio-loud than for radio-quiet quasars. This suggests either that radio-loud objects live in more massive halos, or that their radio activity generates an additional low-velo city outflow, or both.
1SWASP J093010.78+533859.5: A POSSIBLE HIERARCHICAL QUINTUPLE SYSTEM

Among quadruples or higher multiplicity stars, only a few doubly eclipsing binary systems have been discovered. They are important targets for understanding the formation and evolution of multiple stellar systems because we can obtain accurate stellar parameters from photometric and spectroscopic studies. We present the observational results of this kind of rare object, 1SWASP J093010.78+533859.5, for which the doubly eclipsing feature had been detected previously from the SuperWASP photometric archive. Individual point-spread function photometry for two objects with a separation of about 1. ″9 was performed for the first time in this study. Our time-series photometric data confirms the finding of Lohr et al. that the bright object A is an Algol-type detached eclipsing binary and the fainter B is a W UMa-type contact eclipsing. Using high-resolution optical spectra, we obtained well-defined radial velocity variations of system A. Furthermore, stationary spectral lines were detected that must have originated from a further, previously unrecognized stellar component. It was confirmed by the third object contribution from the light-curve analysis. No spectral feature of system B was detected, probably due to motion blur by long exposure times. We obtained the binary parameters and the absolute dimensions of systems A and B from light-curve synthesis with and without radial velocities, respectively. The primary and secondary components of system A have a spectral type of K1 and K5 main sequences, respectively. Two components of system B have nearly the same type of K3 main sequence. Light variations for both binaries are satisfactorily modeled by using two-spot models with one starspot on each component. We estimated the distances to systems A and B individually. Two systems may have similar distances of about 70 pc and seem to be gravitationally bound with a separation of about 130 AU. In conclusion, we suggest that 1SWASP J093010.78+533859.5 is a quintuple stellar system with a hierarchical structure of a triple system A(ab)c and a binary system B(ab).
The Inﬂuential Factors in Burnout in the Healthcare Staﬀ in Kermanshah, Iran

Background: Burnout plays a key role in the life and physical and mental health of individuals and may reduce the eﬃciency and motivation of healthcare staﬀ. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the inﬂuential factors in burnout in the healthcare staﬀ of Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the healthcare staﬀ in Kermanshah in 2019. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Maslach burnout inventory (Cronbach’s alpha: 0.78). The participants were selected via census sampling (n = 282). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22 using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman’s correlation-coeﬃcient. Results: Signiﬁcantcorrelationswereobservedbetweenemotionalfatigue,diseasehistory(P=0.006),andﬁnancialproblems(P= 0.05),aswellasbetweendepersonalizationandﬁnancialdiﬃculties(P=0.024)andbetweenpersonaladequacyandfamilydisease history(P=0.015). However,nosigniﬁcantassociationsbetweenburnoutandgender,educationallevel,professionalstatus,marital status and living situation were shown. Conclusions: Consideringthehighprevalenceof burnoutinthehealthcarestaﬀwithadiseasehistoryinthemselvesandtheirfam-iliesandtheassociationbetweenburnoutandﬁnancialproblems,specialattentionshouldbepaidtothehealthstatusof healthcare statusthroughmeasuressuchasstressmanagementandcounselingtodiminishoccupationalstressandtheimpactof burnouton these employees. In addition, measures such as the implementation of leisure and educational programs and stress management workshops are recommended.
WELFARE CHAUVINISM, A PRIVILEGE OF THE WEALTHY? A Cross-Country Study on the Effect of Socioeconomic Status and Social Spending on Welfare Chauvinism

This thesis uses realistic group conflict theory to explain how socioeconomic status influences welfare chauvinism. It also introduces the concept of a cost-bearing factor, which suggests that individuals who feel like they pay disproportionally for welfare are less willing to extend welfare to immigrants, to explain why social spending may influence welfare chauvinistic attitudes. The study poses that the effect of socioeconomic status may vary depending on a country’s social spending. By using multinomial logistic regression, individual-level data from the eighth round of the European Social Survey and country-level data from OECD are used to look at the relationship between socioeconomic status and social spending as predictors for welfare chauvinism. The results indicate that while the effect of socioeconomic status is partially conditional upon low social spending, there is no proof that the effect of socioeconomic status on welfare chauvinism is conditional upon high social spending.
Method for Designing Prequalified Connections Using Generative Design

Designing prequalified connections is a process of iterative calculation, in which certain dimensions are varied until the verifications and restrictions stipulated by the standard are met. This is a slow process that can be automated using various software and optimized using a new design method called generative design, which consists of establishing restrictions so that the script delivers multiple solutions that meet the objectives. This research was conducted based on the design science research (DSR) methodology and focused on developing a method to design moment-resisting steel connections, specifically end-plate connections, using generative design in a building information modeling (BIM) environment. From this, it was possible to obtain several end-plate connection design alternatives, and technical validation was carried out to verify the functionality of the program using a verification method proposed by a civil engineer.
Are Family and Friends the Wrong Investors? Evidence from U.S. Startups

This paper investigates the e ects of funding from family and friends (i.e. informal funding) on rms' subsequent access to venture capital. I retrieve information on small and young U.S. rms' nancing activity and their use of informal funds from a novel hand-collected dataset based on SEC lings for private placements (Form Ds). To address potential endogeneity of informal nance, I use an instrument that hinges on founders' family size as an exogenous constraint on the supply of informal funds. This instrument is based on the frequency with which founders' last names occur in the Census survey, with infrequent last names identifying small extended families. My results show that informal nance reduces the probability of future nancing events. Marginal e ects range from -15% to -19%. I provide suggestive evidence that these e ects are due to con icts of interests between informal stakeholders and professional later stage investors. ∗Department of Finance, London School of Economics. Email: l.zaccaria@lse.ac. uk. I am indebted to Amil Dasgupta and Daniel Paravisini for their guidance and encouragement. I thank Ashwini Agrawal, Juanita Gonzalez-Uribe and Dirk Jenter for their suggestions and support. I am grateful to Mike Burkart, Vicente Cunat, Andrew Ellul, Daniel Ferreira, Dong Lou, Maria Marchica, Tarun Ramadorai and Moqi Xu as well as seminar participants at the Manchester/Bristol/Lancaster 4th Annual Corporate Finance Conference, 12th Annual Corporate Finance Conference at Olin Business School, HEC Finance PhD Workshop and London School of Economics. I also thank the Economic and Social Research Council (UK) [grant number: ES/K002309/1] for nancial support.
Cold and warm molecular gas in the outflow of 4C 12.50

We present deep observations of the 12CO(1-0) and (3-2) lines in the ultra-luminous infrared and radio galaxy 4C12.50, carried out with the 30m telescope of the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique. Our observations reveal the cold molecular gas component of a warm molecular gas outflow that was previously known from Spitzer Space Telescope data. The 12CO(3-2) profile indicates the presence of absorption at -950 km/s from systemic velocity with a central optical depth of 0.22. Its profile is similar to that of the HI absorption that was seen in radio data of this source. A potential detection of the (0-1) absorption enabled us to place an upper limit of 0.03 on its central optical depth, and to constrain the excitation temperature of the outflowing CO gas to >=65K assuming that the gas is thermalized. If the molecular clouds fully obscure the background millimeter continuum that is emitted by the radio core, the H2 column density is >=1.8*10^22 /cm^2. The outflow then carries an estimated cold H2 mass of at least 4.2*10^3 M_sun along the nuclear line of sight. This mass will be even higher when integrated over several lines of sight, but if it were to exceed 3*10^9 M_sun, the outflow would most likely be seen in emission. Since the ambient cold gas reservoir of 4C12.50 is 1.0*10^10 M_sun, the outflowing-to-ambient mass ratio of the warm gas (37%) could be elevated with respect to that of the cold gas.
On the well-posedness of variational-hemivariational inequalities and associated fixed point problems

We consider an elliptic variational-hemivariational inequality P in a p -uniformly smooth Banach space. We prove that the inequality is governed by a multivalued maximal monotone operator, and, for each λ > 0, we use the resolvent of this operator to construct an auxiliary ﬁxed point problem, denoted P λ . Next, we perform a parallel study of problems P and P λ based on their intrinsic equivalence. In this way, we prove existence, uniqueness, and well-posedness results with respect to speciﬁc Tykhonov triples. The existence of a unique common solution to problems P and P λ is proved by using the Banach contraction principle in the study of Problem P λ . In contrast, the well-posedness of the problems is obtained by using a monotonicity argument in the study of Problem P . Finally, the properties of Problem P λ allow us to deduce a convergence criterion in the study of Problem P .
Tangential force, Frictional Torque and Heating Rate of a Small Neutral Rotating Particle Moving through the Equilibrium Background Radiation

For the first time, based on the fluctuation-electromagnetic theory, we have calculated the drug force, the radiation heat flux and the frictional torque on a small rotating particle moving at a relativistic velocity through the equilibrium background radiation (photon gas). The particle and background radiation are characterized by different temperatures corresponding to the local thermodynamic equilibrium in their own reference frames.
SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE DRIFTS AND THE ENERGY DEPENDENCE OF 1 au CHARGE STATES

The event-averaged charge state of heavy ion solar energetic particles (SEPs), measured at 1 au from the Sun, typically increases with the ions’ kinetic energy. The origin of this behavior has been ascribed to processes taking place within the acceleration region. In this paper we study the propagation through interplanetary space of SEP Fe ions, injected near the Sun with a variety of charge states that are uniformly distributed in energy, by means of a 3D test particle model. In our simulations, due to gradient and curvature drifts associated with the Parker spiral magnetic field, ions of different charge propagate with very different efficiencies to an observer that is not magnetically well connected to the source region. As a result we find that, for many observer locations, the 1 au event-averaged charge state , as obtained from our model, displays an increase with particle energy E, in qualitative agreement with spacecraft observations. We conclude that drift-associated propagation is a possible explanation for the observed distribution of versus E in SEP events, and that the distribution measured in interplanetary space cannot be taken to represent that at injection.
ER-08-2018-0228_proof 704..723

Purpose – Although there is general agreement that employee participation in decision-making (PDM) has individual and organizational benefits, an important question remains about the possibility that it may also have certain individual and organizational costs as well. This article presents an “episodic process model” that accounts for both the bright and possible dark sides of participation. Themodel explains howPDMmight boost employee hope and self-efficacy, which in turn may lead to two distinct work outcomes–job satisfaction and behavior. Design/methodology/approach – In order to test the model, data (n 5 269) were collected from bank employees in two waves. A variance-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to analyze the data. Findings – Results from variance-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) show that employee PDM indeed exerts a positive impact on positive psychological resource capacities: hope, self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Hope, in turn, has a positive influence on job satisfaction and a negative influence on job-search behavior. Bias-corrected bootstrapping analysis demonstrated that the relationship between employee PDM and job satisfaction is mediated by hope. Originality/value – Insights for practitioners in a developing economy and possible areas of future research are highlighted. KeywordsEmployee participation, Decisionmaking, Job satisfaction, Job search behavior, Hope, Self-efficacy Paper type Research paper Introduction Banks generally take a results-oriented approach and use the level of customer satisfaction as an indicator of their overall service performance (Schneider and Chung, 1994). However, this approach may cause them to overlook the vital role played by employee attitudes and behaviors which are critical antecedents of customer satisfaction (Janssen et al., 2010). Nevertheless, bank employees are expected to simultaneously provide service excellence for customers and also satisfy internal organizational requirements. Meanwhile, in the current banking environment characterized by intense competition, employees often experience challenging and stressful interactions with customers and suffer from burnout. Therefore, design and implementation of human resource (HR) practices and strategies to retain motivated and committed employees and to reduce negative work outcomes are critical factors for customer satisfaction and retention (Yavas and Babakus, 2010). ER 43,3
Nation Branding Based on Semiotic Analysis A Case Study of Thailand Brand

This research aims to study and propose Thailand brand model based on semiotic analysis which covers six dimensions of national competitive identities (cid:27)(cid:496) people, culture, product, tourism, investment and governance (cid:15)(cid:496) The construction of Thailand brand model would greatly contribute to the strategy of Thailand development by prioritizing importance of each national identity in the contexts of value, image and reputation. A mixed method is employed to analyze key variables and effects (cid:15)(cid:496) Qualitative method consists of content analysis of the National Economic and Social Development Plans (cid:9) NESD (cid:10) , and in (cid:14) depth interview of 5 (cid:19) key informants (cid:496) from academicians, practitioners, and brand experts (cid:15) The data set of
INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ON FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN KENYA

: The study sought to find out the influence of financial performance on financial sustainability of MFIs. This study was conducted through descriptive survey research design. The specific objective was to find out the determinants of financial sustainability of micro finance institutions in Kenya. The target population of this study was all the microfinance institutions in Kenya. A list of all the 44 Microfinance Institutions obtained from the Association of Microfinance Institution formed the sampling frame. Census technique was used because of their small numbers in the population. Linear regression was also carried out to establish into determinants of financial sustainability of microfinance institutions in Kenya. The study used SPSS version (20) to conduct analysis. The study concluded that financial performance was positively but insignificantly associated with financial sustainability. The study also concluded that there exist a positive relationship between financial performance and financial sustainability. Improving financial performance would improve the financial sustainability as this facilitates asset growth. Increased profits lead to increased concentration which leads to sustainability.
Ergodic Properties Of $\theta$-Expansions And A Gauss-Kuzmin-Type Problem

AbstractA generalization of the regular continued fractions was given byChakraborty and Rao [3]. For the transformation which generates thisexpansion and its invariant measure, the Perron-Frobenius operator isgiven and studied. For this expansion, we apply the method of Rockettand Szu¨sz [14] and obtained the solution of its Gauss-Kuzmin-typeproblem. Mathematics Subject Classiﬁcations (2010). 11J70, 11K50Key words: continued fractions, invariant measure, Gauss-Kuzmin prob-lem 1 Introduction Chakraborty and Rao [3] considered a continued fraction expansion of anumber in terms of an irrational θ ∈ (0,1). This new expansion of positivereals, diﬀerent from the regular continued fraction expansion, is called θ-expansion.The purpose of this paper is to give some ergodic properties and to solvea Gauss-Kuzmin problem for θ-expansions. In order to solve the Gauss-Kuzmin problem, we apply the method of Rockett and Szu¨sz [14]. First weoutline the historical framework of this problem. In Section 1.2, we presentthe current framework. In Section 1.3, we review known results. In Section1.4, the main theorem will be shown.
FACTORS INFLUENCING SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE FOR LEARNING AND TEACHING PURPOSES

In this study, adoption of Social Media for learning and teaching purposes (SL/T) has been analyzed based on a conceptual research model. Factors included in this study have been categorized under two empirical factors, namely, socio-demographic and utilitarian. A survey approach has been adopted for this purpose and the least square regression techniques is used to investigate the relationships among the variables included in the research model. The test results indicate that, except perceived awareness (PAW), all the remaining factors have significant effect on the actual usage of SL/T
Energy-momentum correlations for Abelian Higgs cosmic strings

We report on the energy-momentum correlators obtained with recent numerical simulations of the Abelian Higgs model, essential for the computation of cosmic microwave background and matter perturbations of cosmic strings. Due to significant improvements both in raw computing power and in our parallel simulation framework, the dynamical range of the simulations has increased fourfold both in space and time, and for the first time we are able to simulate strings with a constant physical width in both the radiation and matter eras. The new simulations improve the accuracy of the measurements of the correlation functions at the horizon scale and confirm the shape around the peak. The normalization is slightly higher in the high wave-number tails, due to a small increase in the string density. We study, for the first time, the behavior of the correlators across cosmological transitions and discover that the correlation functions evolve adiabatically; i.e., the network adapts quickly to changes in the expansion rate. We propose a new method for constructing source functions for Einstein-Boltzmann integrators, comparing it with two other methods previously used. The new method is more consistent, easier to implement, and significantly more accurate.
Moving mesh cosmology: numerical techniques and global statistics

We present the first hydrodynamical simulations of structure formation using the new moving mesh code arepo and compare the results with gadget simulations based on a traditional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique. The two codes share the same Tree-PM gravity solver and include identical subresolution physics for the treatment of star formation, but employ different methods to solve the equations of hydrodynamics. This allows us to assess the impact of hydro-solver uncertainties on the results of cosmological studies of galaxy formation. In this paper, we focus on predictions for global baryon statistics, such as the cosmic star formation rate density, after we introduce our simulation suite and numerical methods. Properties of individual galaxies and haloes are examined by Keres et al., while a third paper by Sijacki et al. uses idealized simulations to analyse in more detail the differences between the hydrodynamical schemes. We find that the global baryon statistics differ significantly between the two simulation approaches. arepo shows systematically higher star formation rates at late times, lower mean temperatures averaged over the simulation volume and different gas mass fractions in characteristic phases of the intergalactic medium, in particular a reduced amount of hot gas. Although both hydrodynamical codes use the same implementation of cooling and yield an identical dark matter halo mass function, more gas cools out of haloes in arepo compared with gadget towards low redshifts, which results in corresponding differences in the late-time star formation rates of galaxies. We show that this difference is caused by a higher heating rate with SPH in the outer parts of haloes, owing to viscous dissipation of SPH's inherent sonic velocity noise and SPH's efficient damping of subsonic turbulence injected in the halo infall region, and because of a higher efficiency of gas stripping in arepo. As a result of such differences, arepo leads also to more disc-like morphologies in the moving mesh calculation compared to gadget. Our results hence indicate that inaccuracies in hydrodynamic solvers can lead to comparatively large systematic differences even at the level of predictions for the global state of baryons in the universe.