Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Polymers of Diethynylarenes—Is Selective Polymerization at One Acetylene Bond Possible? A Review

In this review, all available publications on the polymerization of all isomers of bifunctional diethynylarenes due to the opening of C≡C bonds were considered and analyzed. It has been shown that with the use of polymers of diethynylbenzene, heat-resistant and ablative materials, catalysts, sorbents, humidity sensors, and other materials can be obtained. Various catalytic systems and conditions of polymer synthesis are considered. For the convenience of comparison, the publications considered are grouped according to common features, including the types of initiating systems. Critical consideration is given to the features of the intramolecular structure of the synthesized polymers since it determines the entire complex of properties of this material and subsequent materials. Branched and/or insoluble polymers are formed as a result of solid-phase and liquid-phase homopolymerization. It is shown that the synthesis of a completely linear polymer was carried out for the first time by anionic polymerization. The review considers in sufficient detail publications from hard-to-reach sources, as well as publications that required a more thorough critical examination. The review does not consider the polymerization of diethynylarenes with substituted aromatic rings because of their steric restrictions; the diethynylarenes copolymers with complex intramolecular structure; and diethynylarenes polymers obtained by oxidative polycondensation.
Awareness of Human Papillomavirus among Male and Female University Students in Saudi Arabia

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection globally. Investigating HPV awareness can reduce the burden of HPV-related cancers. Aims: (1) Assessing HPV awareness and knowledge among health college students at King Saud University, (2) comparing these outcomes across sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted from November to December 2022 and included 403 health college students. Associations of HPV awareness and knowledge with sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using logistic regression analysis and linear regression analysis, respectively. Results: Only 60% of students were aware of HPV, with awareness higher among females, although their knowledge scores were comparable to males. The odds of awareness of HPV were greater among medical students compared to other colleges and among students belonging to older age groups compared to the younger age group (18–20). The odds of HPV awareness among hepatitis B vaccinated students were 2.10 times that among unvaccinated students (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.21, 3.64). Conclusions: The low level of HPV awareness among college students warrants the need for HPV educational campaigns to improve HPV awareness and to promote HPV vaccination in the community.
ROS production in response to high-power microwave pulses induces p53 activation and DNA damage in brain cells: Radiosensitivity and biological dosimetry evaluation

Background: Pulsed high-power microwave (HPM) has many applications and is constantly being researched to expand its uses in the future. As the number of applications grows, the biological effects and safety level of pulsed HPM become a serious issue, requiring further research. Objective: The brain is regarded as the most vulnerable organ to radiation, raising concerns about determining an acceptable level of exposure. The effect of nanosecond pulses and the mechanisms underlying HPM on the brain has not been studied. For the first time, we observed the effect of pulsed 3.5 GHz HPM on brain normal astrocytes and cancer U87 MG cells, as well as the likely mechanisms involved. Methods: To generate 3.5 GHz HPM, an axial virtual cathode oscillator was constructed on pulsed power generator “Chundoong”. The cells were directly exposed to HPM (10, 25, 40, and 60) pulses (1 mJ/pulse), with each pulse delivered after 1 min of charging time to evaluate the dose dependent effects. Results: A strong electric field (∼23 kV/cm) of HPM irradiation primarily causes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), altering cell viability, mitochondrial activity, and cell death rates in U87 and astrocytes at certain dosages. The ROS generation in response to HPM exposure was primarily responsible for DNA damage and p53 activation. The hazardous dosage of 60 pulses is acknowledged as having damaging effects on brain normal cells. Interestingly, the particular 25 pulses exhibited therapeutic effects on U87 cells via p53, Bax, and Caspase-3 activation. Conclusion: HPM pulses induced apoptosis-related events such as ROS burst and increased oxidative DNA damage at higher dosages in normal cells and specific 25 pulses in cancer U87. These findings are useful to understand the physiological mechanisms driving HPM-induced cell death, as well as the safety threshold range for HPM exposure on normal cells and therapeutic effects on cancer U87. As HPM technology advances, we believe this study is timely and will benefit humanity and future research.
Groups with every proper quotient finite

1·1. We shall write for the class of groups all of whose non-trivial normal subgroups have finite index. Thus, rather obviously, finite groups, simple groups, and the infinite cyclic and dihedral groups all lie in the class . Other examples of -groups are to be found in a variety of contexts. The main result of Mennicke (8) shows that, for n ≥ 3, the factor group of SL(n, Z) by its centre is a -group, where SL(n, Z) denotes the unimodular group of all n × n invertible matrices with integer coefficients and with determinant 1. In McLain(7), an example is given of an infinite, locally finite, locally soluble -group, whose only non-trivial normal subgroups are the terms of its derived series, and in (4), P. Hall discusses an infinite -group, all of whose proper quotients are finite p-groups. If is a class of groups closed under taking homomorphic images, it is easily seen that the existence of an infinite -group satisfying the maximal condition for normal subgroups implies the existence of an infinite -group in the class , so that certain questions concerning the finiteness of groups satisfying the maximal condition for normal subgroups can be interpreted as questions about -groups.
Microwave Imaging Enhanced by Duplexed Random Phase Modulations

Microwave imaging under the illumination of randomized fields has demonstrated promising potential. Recent results showed that based on a phase-reconfigurable frequency-selective surface (PFSS), a cost-effective 24-GHz imager can be implemented, showing a wavelength-scale resolution. In this work, we further improve this imager by realizing duplexed random phase modulations. Numerical and experimental results showed that based on the same PFSS, the proposed duplex imager can significantly increase the number of available independent measurements (AIMs) and the sensing capacity. As the result, the error of the reconstructed image can be reduced by 49%, and the imaging resolution reaches 6.25 mm, that is, a half wavelength at 24 GHz. The aperture of the proposed duplex imager can be conveniently extended, exhibiting a promising potential in low-cost security scanning applications, especially for large objects such as human bodies.
Advanced Autoantibody Testing in Systemic Sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis is a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease characterized by immune abnormalities, leading to vasculopathy and fibrosis. Autoantibody testing has become an increasingly important part of diagnosis and prognostication. Clinicians have been limited to antinuclear antibody (ANA), antitopoisomerase I (also known as anti-Scl-70) antibody, and anticentromere antibody testing. Many clinicians now have improved access to an expanded profile of autoantibody testing. In this narrative review article, we review the epidemiology, clinical associations, and prognostic value of advanced autoantibody testing in people with systemic sclerosis.
Investigating the comorbidity of COPD and tuberculosis, a computational study

Recent research has shown that people who suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a greater propensity to contract and develop tuberculosis (TB) than the general population. Not only is the hazard ratio for contracting active tuberculosis triple that of the general population for those with COPD, but that the probability of death from any cause during the first year was double that of the tuberculosis population as a whole. This observation suggests that patients with COPD are less likely to progress to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and are more likely to develop active tuberculosis than the general population. While similar susceptibility rates to TB are known to occur in populations with other ailments of the lung, particularly HIV, emphysema or asthma, patients with COPD (both emphysema and chronic bronchitis) are statistically more at risk for the disease. To examine the comorbidity effects of COPD on tuberculosis disease and granuloma formation, the process by which Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is either contained or disseminates, we used a multi-scale model that integrates pathophysiological and immunopathological aspects of COPD and TB. Depicting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease smoker and non-smoker populations, we integrate agent-based models (ABM) of cellular immune response, physiological models of pulmonary capacity for COPD smoker/non-smoker, systems biology models of macrophage immune response to Mtb, and metabolic models to capture intracellular and extracellular Mtb metabolism and proliferation. We use our model to investigate key drivers of disease outcomes of clearance, granuloma-based containment, and disseminated disease in individuals with COPD and TB for smoking and non-smoking populations.
The moderating effect of perceived organizational support: The impact of psychological capital and bidirectional work-family nexuses on psychological wellbeing in tourism

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has inflicted unprecedented damage on the tourism industry. However, the psychological health fallout of COVID-19 on tour guides has not received empirical attention yet. Therefore, the present study aims to examine how psychological capital (PsyCap) improve tour guides’ psychological wellbeing (PWB), the mediating effects of work-family conflict (WFC), family-work conflict (FWC), work-family facilitation (WFF) and family-work facilitation (FWF), and the moderating effect of perceived organizational support (POS). For this quantitative research, the data were collected from 276 tour guides in China. The results indicate that PsyCap significantly mitigates two directions of work-family conflict and intensifies two directions of work-family facilitation in order to promote tour guides’ PWB. Furthermore, POS moderates the direct effects of two directions of conflict and facilitation on PWB and also moderates the indirect effects of PsyCap on the aforesaid outcome via two directions of conflict and facilitation. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations and future research directions are provided.
Relaxation Oscillation and Canard Explosion

Abstract We give a geometric analysis of relaxation oscillations and canard cycles in singularly perturbed planar vector fields. The transition from small Hopf-type cycles to large relaxation cycles, which occurs in an exponentially thin parameter interval, is described as a perturbation of a family of singular cycles. The results are obtained by means of two blow-up transformations combined with standard tools of dynamical systems theory. The efficient use of various charts is emphasized. The results are applied to the van der Pol equation.
Development of a New Route for the Immobilization of Unmodified Single-Stranded DNA on Chitosan Beads and Detection of Released Guanine after Hydrolysis

In this work, chitosan beads were used as a cost-effective platform for the covalent immobilization of unmodified single-stranded DNA, using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. The immobilized DNA capture probe was hybridized in the presence of miRNA-222 as a complementary sequence. The target was evaluated based on the electrochemical response of the released guanine, using hydrochloride acid as a hydrolysis agent. Differential pulse voltammetry technique and screen-printed electrodes modified with COOH-functionalized carbon black were used to monitor the released guanine response before and after hybridization. The functionalized carbon black provided an important signal amplification of guanine compared to the other studied nanomaterials. Under optimal conditions (6 M HCl at 65 °C for 90 min), an electrochemical-based label-free genosensor assay exhibited a linear range between 1 nM and 1 µM of miRNA-222, with a detection limit of 0.2 nM of miRNA-222. The developed sensor was successfully used to quantify miRNA-222 in a human serum sample.
Dynamic Visual Acuity During Vertical Retinal Image Motion: Comparison of Normal and Low Vision

Telescopic spectacles are potentially advantageous as aids for visually impaired patients, who might be expected to uniformly benefit from optical magnification. However, these relatively costly devices fail to benefit a substantial number of patients with low vision1. Based upon retrospective1 and prospective clinical data2, it has been hypothesized that a major cause of rehabilitation failure with telescopic spectacles is retinal image instability during involuntary head motion. This retinal slip hypothesis supposes that ubiquitous head motion, optically magnified by telescopic spectacles, overwhelms compensatory ocular motor reflexes to produce slipping motion of images on the retina, which degrades dynamic visual acuity (DVA) sufficiently to negate the magnification advantage of the telescopes. Several lines of evidence support this hypothesis. The visual-vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR) is the principal compensatory mechanism stabilizing the retina during head movements. The VVOR gain of both normally sighted3 and low vision subjects1 fails to increase sufficiently to match the magnification of telescopic spectacles, a situation presumed to result in retinal image motion during head motion. In normally sighted subjects, actual retinal image motion has been measured during DVA tasks conducted both with vertically moving optotypes, and during vertically imposed head motion4. That study found that, regardless of whether retinal image motion was produced by moving optotypes or moving head, DVA in normal subjects was independent of image velocity up to 2°/sec, but declined with the 0.6 power of image velocity for greater slip. The present investigation was conducted to determine if patients with low vision have a similar relationship between DVA and retinal image slip velocity.
A Flexible Miniature Antenna for Body-Worn Devices: Design and Transmission Performance

The last few years have seen a rapid increase in body-worn devices because these devices cover a broad spectrum of potential uses. Moreover, body-worn devices still require improvements in their flexibility, size, and weight that necessitate the development of flexible and miniature antennas. In this paper, we present a new flexible miniature antenna for body-worn devices. To ensure flexibility and comfort when the antenna is in contact with the human body, a substrate from natural rubber filled with TiO2 is developed. The miniaturization is achieved using the quadratic Koch curve. The antenna design, optimization, and characterization are performed on a human body model. The performance of the antenna is analyzed in two scenarios: (1) in- to on-body, and (2) on- to off-body wireless communications. The results show that the antenna realized the maximum telemetry range of more than 80 mm for in-body communications and more than 2 m for off-body communications. Moreover, the highest 10 g specific absorption rate value was 0.62 W/kg. These results, in addition to the antenna’s compact dimensions (12 mm × 26 mm × 2.5 mm) and the low manufacturing price, make the proposed antenna an ideal candidate for health telemetry applications.
The Dislocation Microstructure of Cyclically Deformed Nickel Single Crystals at Different Temperatures

Using transmission electron microscopy a systematic study of the dislocation microstructure after cyclic deformation of nickel single crystals was undertaken in order to describe quantitatively the influence of deformation temperature on microstructural parameters. The frequency, distributions of the heights and lengths of edge dislocation dipoles were measured in the walls and channels of persistent slip bands and in the matrix bundles after deformation at 77, 293, 600 and 750 K. The mean dipole height as well as the dipole annihilation distance and the critical dipole height were found to increase with increasing temperature while the dislocation density decreased. The dipole heights turned out to be independent of the position of the dipoles in the dislocation substructure. The results are discussed with regard to the development of microstructure-based models of cyclic deformation and fatigue dislocation patterning.
Nonlinear interactions among internal gravity waves

This paper reviews the nonlinear interaction calculations for the internal gravity wave field in the deep ocean. The nonlinear interactions are a principal part of the dynamics of internal waves and are an important link in the overall energy cascade from large to small scales. Four approaches have been taken for their analysis: the evaluation of the transfer integral describing weakly and resonantly interacting waves, the application of closure hypotheses from turbulence theories to more strongly interacting waves, the integration of the eikonal or ray equations describing the propagation of small-scale internal waves in a background of large-scale internal waves, and the direct numerical simulation of the basic hydrodynamic equations of motion. The weak resonant interaction calculations have provided most of the conventional wisdom. Specific interaction processes and their role in shaping the internal wave spectrum have been unveiled and a comprehensive inertial range theory developed. The range of validity of the resonant interaction approximation, however, is not known and must be seriously doubted for high-wave number, high-frequency waves. The turbulence closure calculations and the direct numerical modeling are not yet in a state to be directly applicable to the oceanic internal wave field. The closure models are too complex and rest on conjectures that are not demonstrably justified. Numerical modeling can treat strongly interacting waves and buoyant turbulence, but is severely limited by finite computer resolutions. Extensive suites of experiments have only been carried out for two-dimensional flows. The eikonal calculations provide an efficient and versatile tool to study the interaction of small-scale internal waves, but it is not clear to what extent the scale-separated interactions with larger-scale internal waves compete with and might be overwhelmed by interactions among like scales. The major shortcoming of all four approaches is that they neglect the interaction with the vortical (=potential vorticity carrying) mode of motion that must be expected to exist in addition to internal waves at small scales. This interaction is intrinsically neglected in all Lagrangian-based studies and in the non-rotating two-dimensional simulations. The most promising approach for the future that can handle both arbitrarily strong interactions and the interaction with the vortical mode is numerical modeling once the resolution problem is overcome.
Impact of guidelines implementation on empiric antibiotic treatment for pediatric uncomplicated osteomyelitis and septic arthritis over a ten-year period: Results of the ELECTRIC study (ostEomyeLitis and sEptiC arThritis tReatment in children)

Background Due to the growing evidence of the efficacy of intravenous (IV) cefazolin with an early switch to oral cefalexin in uncomplicated pediatric osteomyelitis (OM) and septic arthritis (SA) in children, we changed our guidelines for empiric antibiotic therapy in these conditions. This study aims at evaluating the impact of the guidelines' implementation in reducing broad-spectrum antibiotic prescriptions, duration of IV antibiotic treatment and hospital stay, treatment failure and recurrence. Materials and methods This is a retrospective, observational, quasi-experimental study. The four years pre-intervention were compared to the six years, ten months post-intervention (January 2012, through December 2015; January 2016, through October 31st, 2022). All patients aged 3 months to 18 years with OM or SA were evaluated for inclusion. Each population was divided into three groups: pre-intervention, post-intervention not following the guidelines, and post-intervention following the guidelines. Differences in antibiotic prescriptions such as Days of Therapy (DOT), activity spectrum and Length of Therapy (LOT), length of hospital stay (LOS), broad-spectrum antibiotics duration (bsDOT), treatment failure and relapse at six months were analyzed as outcomes. Results Of 87 included patients, 48 were diagnosed with OM (8 pre-intervention, 9 post-intervention not following the guidelines and 31 post-intervention following the guidelines) and 39 with SA (9 pre-intervention, 12 post-intervention not following the guidelines and 18 post-intervention following the guidelines). In OM patients, IV DOT, DOT/LOT ratio, and bsDOT were significantly lower in the guidelines group, with also the lowest proportion of patients discharged on IV treatment. Notably, significantly fewer cases required surgery in the post-intervention groups. Considering SA, LOS, IV DOT, DOT/LOT ratio, and bsDOT were significantly lower in the guidelines group. The treatment failure rate was comparable among all groups for both OM and SA. There were no relapse cases. The overall adherence was between 72 and 100%. Conclusions The implementation of guidelines was effective in decreasing the extensive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and combination therapy for both OM and SA. Our results show the applicability, safety, and efficacy of a narrow-spectrum IV empirical antibiotic regimen with cefazolin, followed by oral monotherapy with first/second-generation cephalosporins, which was non-inferior to broad-spectrum regimens.
Decomposing Hofmeister effects on amino acid residues with symmetry adapted perturbation theory

Hofmeister effects, and more generally specific ion effects, are observed broadly in biological systems. However, there are many cases where the Hofmeister series might not be followed in complex biological systems, such as ion channels which can be highly specific to a particular ion. An understanding of how ions from the Hofmeister series interact with the proteinogenic amino acids will assist elucidation of why some binding interactions may be favoured over others. Using symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT2 + 3), the interaction energies between a selection of anions and each amino acid have been investigated. The interaction strengths become more favourable in accordance with the Hofmeister series, and also with increasing polarity of the amino acids (with the exception of the negatively charged amino acid side chains). Furthermore, the interactions are generally most favourable when they simultaneously involve the side chain and both protic moieties of the backbone. The total interaction energy in these anion–amino acid complexes is also primarily determined by its electrostatic component, in a manner proportional to the þ (‘sho’) value of the anion.