Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
@ Trinity Digital Commons @ Trinity

: Implementing effective training and education programs is of critical importance for sport management and sport coaching academic education programs. This exploratory research examined the implementation and effectiveness of DISC behavioral profiling in sport management and sport coaching classrooms at the university level. Over four academic years (eight semesters), pre-and post-tests were collected from multiple samples of sport management and sport coaching students (N = 216) at two universities in the United States. Students received a personalized DISC behavioral profile and educational activities were used to enhance the value of the behavioral profiling initiatives. Using pre-and post-activity surveys of the knowledge and skills gained during in-course activities, paired sample t-test showed positive and significant results for 11 of 16 measured areas. The findings suggest that behavioral profiling tools and activities within sport management and sport coaching curricula can enhance student’s self-awareness and help develop leadership skills which will prepare for future career opportunities. Limitations and opportunities for future research are also presented.
Towards an individualised neural assessment of receptive language in children Authors, Affiliations

Can we use electrophysiological data to assess language processing? Although we usually cannot infer cognition from brain data, there are some circumstances in which discriminative brain signals are enough to tell us that cognitive processing has occurred. For example, if we observe differential neural responses to identical stimuli that vary only in cognitive context, we can infer an influence of context on stimulus processing. Here, we used this logic to develop a test for receptive language ability in individual children. We were motivated by the suggestion that some non-verbal individuals, such as a subset of autistic children, may understand more language than they can demonstrate; for these people a neural test would be transformative. We developed two child-friendly paradigms in which typically developing children listened to identical spoken words in congruent and incongruent lexicalsemantic contexts. In the congruent condition, the target word was strongly predicted by the context, while in the incongruent condition, the target word violated lexical-semantic predictions. In both paradigms, we simultaneously measured EEG with a research-grade system, Neuroscan’s SynAmps2, and an adapted gaming system, Emotiv’s EPOC+. In both paradigms, at a group level, we found a statistically significant N400 effect to lexical-semantic violations, and we also detected significant effects in about half of our participants individually. The same effects were present, although with a numerically smaller amplitude, with EPOC+. Using multivariate analyses on individual children’s EEG data increased our sensitivity to detect evidence of lexical-semantic processing, reaching an 88% detection rate in a paradigm using sentences. This provides a promising avenue to assess language comprehension in individuals, which could be used to identify language comprehension abilities in children who may otherwise struggle to demonstrate how much they understand.
Ridge collision and in situ greenstones in accretionary complexes: An example from the Late Cretaceous Ryukyu Islands and southwest Japan margin

Abstract Melange units containing greenstones are common throughout the Cretaceous-Miocene Shimanto Supergroup in the Ryukyu Is and southwest Japan. Most greenstones in the accretionary complex originated in oceanic spreading ridges and seamounts, and they formed far from the convergent margin. Some melange-like units in the supergroup, however, contain greenstones that were extruded upon and intruded into unconsolidated fine-grained terrigenous clastic sediments. It is inferred that eruption of the in situ greenstones resulted from igneous activity in the trench area. Geochemical signatures indicate that the greenstone protoliths were similar to mafic lavas generated at spreading ridges. Fossil ages of the strata containing in situ greenstones become younger over a distance of 1300 km eastward from Amami-Oshima (Cenomanian-Turonian) in the Ryukyu Is to central Japan (Late Maestrichtian-earliest Paleocene), implying that a site of igneous activity in the trench area migrated eastward along the Ryukyu Is and southwest Japan margin. Plate reconstructions of the northwest Pacific Ocean suggest the presence of the Kula-Pacific ridge near Late Cretaceous to early Paleogene Japan. In this context, it is suggested that the greenstones formed in response to Kula-Pacific ridge-forearc collision. Ancient ridge-forearc collisions are best recognized by the presence of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) extruded on sediments inferred to have accumulated in the trench area. Diachronous occurrences of the strata associated with these MORB in an orogenic belt are useful for documenting the ridge collision through time.
Isohaline Thermoclines in the Southeast Pacific Ocean

Abstract A 300 m thick, nearly isohaline (34.2%) layer, reaching depths of 500 m, is found in the Subantarctic Zone of the southeast Pacific, the Drake Passage and the Scotia Sea. Within the nearly isohaline layer there is a very slight decrease in salinity with depth, but a marked change in temperature (4.5–2.0°C). Sometimes a temperature minimum occurs at the base of the nearly isohaline layer. The density ranges from σ0 = 27.15 at the top to σ0 = 27.3 at the bottom of the layer. Its formation in the Pacific is believed confined to the southeast portion because hydrographic stations in the Subantarctic Zone at 90°W do not reveal a nearly isohaline layer. The water column. represented by the 90°W stations, requires the addition of colder and fresher potential temperature (θ) and salinity (S) characteristics at densities greater than 27.1 to account for formation of the nearly isohaline layer and underlying waters. Such characteristics are readily available in the uppermost few hundred meters of northern .
Simulation and classification of the impacts of projected climate change on flow regimes in the arid Hexi Corridor of Northwest China

Traditional assessment approaches of climate change on flow regimes usually focus on flow magnitude and cannot capture the overall variation of flow regimes (e.g., variability, frequency, duration, timing, and rating). The Hexi Corridor, which is a typical arid and semiarid region in Northwest China, was selected as the study area. Streamflows were simulated by an integrated water system model in a historical period (1985–2005) and three future periods (2030s, 2050s, and 2070s). Twenty‐nine global climate models were picked from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 based on projection performance, and the high (RCP85) and intermediate (RCP45) ranges of Representative Concentration Pathways were selected for future scenario analysis. All the streamflows were characterized in detail by flow regime metrics, including the magnitude, variability, and frequency of the overall flow events. The regional impacts of climate change were assessed and clustered into several similar spatial patterns. Results showed that the projected climate change would sensibly increase the magnitudes of average and low flows (75th percentile), as well as the frequencies of low and high flows (25th percentile), but decrease the flow variability. By contrast, it would not sensibly change the magnitude of high‐flow events. The flow regime variations of all scenarios and periods were clustered into three robust classes (highly, moderately, and slightly impacted classes) in the entire region. The flow regimes would be highly and moderately impacted in the middle stream and downstream with large‐sized and semidesert catchments but slightly impacted in the upper and middle streams with small‐sized and montane vegetation catchments. The impacted classes will sensibly vary at most stations in different future periods because of the spatial differences of climate change. This study would provide scientific support to implement the integrated adaptive water resource management for climate change at regional scales in the arid Hexi Corridor.
A Review of Classification Algorithms for Eeg-based Brain-computer Interfaces

In this paper we review classification algorithms used to design Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems based on ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG). We briefly present the commonly employed algorithms and describe their critical properties. Based on the literature, we compare them in terms of performance and provide guidelines to choose the suitable classification algorithm(s) for a specific BCI.
I‐STAL, a model for interpretation of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca variations in speleothems and its forward and inverse application on seasonal to millennial scales

Trace element ratios Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Ba/Ca are readily measured in speleothems and may be closely related to hydrological balance, enhancing paleoclimate information inferred from stable isotope measurements. We develop a model which simulates the variation in dripwater chemistry resulting from variable degree of water‐rock interaction and prior calcite precipitation (PCP), with the latter process depending both on drip interval and drip oversaturation with respect to CaCO3. Partition coefficients between speleothem and dripwater are dependent on temperature for Mg and on speleothem growth rate for Sr and Ba, as observed in laboratory experiments. The drip oversaturation state, regulated both by cave pCO2 and the dilution and soil karst dissolution processes, strongly affects stalagmite trace element concentrations by modulating the extent of PCP and speleothem growth rates. Application of an inverse model confirms that seasonal CO2 cycles can explain the uncorrelated seasonal cycles in Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca observed in our speleothem records from NW Spain for which high CO2 coincides with dry season. In absence of seasonal variations in drip interval, cycles in cave pCO2 can produce seasonal covariation in Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca and Ba/Ca. In long time series (104 yr) where seasonal sampling resolution is not obtained in stalagmites, a change from dominance of summer to winter rainfall can shift the season of strongest stalagmite deposition to one of lower mean CO2 and hence greater PCP and higher Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios. Caves best suited to record a dominantly water balance signal, such as mean drip intervals, are those with minimal seasonal variation in cave pCO2.
Meridional Propagation of the 30- to 60-day Variability of Precipitation in the East Asian Subtropical Summer Monsoon Region: Monitoring and Prediction

ABSTRACT The meridional propagation of the 30- to 60-day intraseasonal variability (ISV) of precipitation in the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon (EASSM) region and its monitoring and prediction are investigated in the current study. Based on a multivariate empirical orthogonal function (MV-EOF) analysis of precipitation and relative vorticity at 700 hPa in East Asia, a bivariate index referred to as the EASSM-ISV index is designed using the two leading MV-EOF modes, with the objective of real-time monitoring of the 30- to 60-day variability of precipitation in the EASSM region. It is found that this index, with its eight phases, can explain the meridional propagation of the 30- to 60-day ISV in precipitation and circulation in the EASSM region. Based on a singular value decomposition technique, a statistical forecast model is developed in which the EASSM-ISV indices from the preceding five pentads are used to predict the indices in five pentads in the future. Meanwhile, the indices are used to predict the meridional propagation of the 30- to 60-day precipitation anomaly in the EASSM region. This model thus provides a useful tool for intraseasonal prediction of precipitation during the rainy season in China.
PENGARUH INFLASI DAN TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA

Macro economics is a study about activities of economy in a country. The indicator of macro economics are inflation, unemployment, and growth of economics. The aim of this research is to analyze. The factors which influence the growth of economics in Indonesia. The factors are inflation and growth of economics. This research using multiple regression method Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) which the data took from 2011 – 2015 per semester. Finally this research shows only unployment variable influence significantly to growth of economics with probability 0,0191. While the inflation show that the probability 0,1955. It means there is no influence significantly between inflation to growth economics. Key word: inflation, unemployment, growth of economics.
Mantle Discontinuity Depths Beneath the West Philippine Basin from Receiver Function Analysis of Deep-Sea Borehole and Seafloor Broadband Waveforms

We analyzed broadband waveform data recorded by a deep-sea borehole observatory (WP-1) and a long-term broadband ocean-bottom seismograph (NOT1) deployed in the west Philippine basin by the Ocean Hemisphere Project. We determined the depths of the 660-km discontinuity beneath the west Philippine basin using the receiver function method. The “660” depths determined from the WP-1 and NOT1 are consistent with each other, indicating that the estimated depths are reliable. The 660 depth determined using both WP-1 and NOT1 data was 669 ± 9 km, which is deeper by 9 km than the global averages, beneath the west Philippine basin. Interpreting the 660 depth in terms of temperature, the slightly deep 660 can be translated to mean lower temperatures by about 100 K at the 660, using the Clapeyron slope of the olivine to β -spinel and the post-spinel phase change. The cold temperature is qualitatively consistent with the tomographic image. When compared with previous regional studies of the 660 beneath the Philippine Sea, our results suggest the presence of significant topography on the mantle discontinuities beneath the Philippine Sea, which may be caused by a stagnant Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone. The present study demonstrates that data from deep-sea observations provide useful information for investigating deep Earth structure.
The relationship between the spiritual attitude of the family caregivers of older patients with stroke and their burden

family caregivers of older patients with stroke presenting to health care centers and nursing service companies of Gilan Province in Iran. The participants were selected through convenience sampling and consisted of 407 participants. Data were collected using the Spiritual Attitude Scale and the Caregiver Burden Inventory and were then analyzed in SPSS-18 using Pearson’s correlation coefficient at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that 88.9% of the caregivers were females. The mean age of the participants was 38.3 ± 8.8 years. The duration of caregiving was , 5 years in 84.4% of the participants, while its mean was 4.2 ± 2.5 years. The mean score of spiritual attitude was 108.77 ± 6.20. The majority of the participants (49.3%) had moderate and relatively favorable spiritual attitude (a score of 72–120), 27.8% had high or favorable spiritual attitude; 8.7% had mild burden, 54.4% had moderate burden and 37% had favorable burden. The mean score of burden was 28 ± 12.75. A statistically significant positive relationship was observed in this study between the mean score of spiritual atti tude and the total score of burden in all its dimensions, namely, time dependence, as well as the developmental, physical, social and emotional dimensions. Conclusion: Providing strategies for improving spirituality, such as teaching spiritual self-care, can improve their burden. Given that such strategies are psychologically approved and pose no side effects, they can be used as an effective, low-cost and risk-free approach for all caregivers, so that they can acquire the necessary spiritual support for overcoming the stress caused by caring for family members through the reinforcement of their spiritual beliefs in the ultimate effort to provide effective care to older patients while maintaining their own health and quality of life.
Relation between Long-term Temperature and Wind Speed Trends at Surface Observation Stations in Japan

In order to detect microscale influences on observed surface air temperature changes, 29 years’ data on the AMeDAS network were used to identify the relation between temperature trends and wind speed trends, which were regarded as reflecting the changes of site exposure. The results were found to differ according to time of the day and the mean wind speed of the site. For stations with relatively high mean wind speed (≥ 1.5 m s-1), a significant negative correlation is found between daytime temperature trends and wind speed trends. For stations with low wind speed (< 1.0 m s-1), evening temperature trends are negatively correlated with wind speed trends, whereas daytime temperature trends tend to be positively correlated with them. These facts give statistical evidence of the dependence of temperature trends on microscale environmental changes, with complications according to the degree of site exposure.
Contemporary hydrology : towards holistic environmental science

The Changing Roles of Hydrology (R. Wilby). Continuity in Hydrological Systems (A. Baird). Hydrochemical Processes (C. Soulsby). Hydrological Monitoring and Measurement Methods (K. Boucher). Hydrological Modelling in Practice (G. Watts). Operational Hydrology (R. Wilby & G. Davies). Hydrological and Ecological Interactions within River Corridors (G. Petts & C. Bradley). Palaeohydrology and Environmental Change in Drylands (P. Barker & D. Higgitt). Beyond the River Catchment (R. Wilby). Index.
Predicting AMOC Collapse in Low-Order Models with CNN-LSTM Networks

The potential shutdown of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) presents a highly significant, if not devastating, future scenario for the Earth’s climate. Drawing on dynamical systems theory and machine learning, we train several neural networks to predict whether a simulated time series of a low-dimensional oceanic model precedes AMOC collapse. More specifically, we create a time series generator for the four box model of the Atlantic ocean to generate a data set of 500,000 multivariate time series. Half of the time series correspond to simulated scenarios resulting in AMOC collapse, while the other half correspond to scenarios with no such collapse. We train several hybrid Convolutional Neural Network Long Short Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) networks on 95% of the generated data. We then compare our networks’ performance to a CNN-LSTM network developed by Bury et al. in [5]. Bury et al.’s network is a classifier which predicts whether or not an input time series, representing some dynamical system, will soon transition to a new dynamical regime by way of a local bifurcation. Trained on a data set of time series given by a thousands of two-dimensional dynamical systems, Bury et al.’s classifier associates each input time series with one of four possible labels. Three of these labels infer that a specific kind of local bifurcation will induce a sudden transition, while the fourth predicts that no such transition will occur. Since one of the labels of Bury et al.’s network describes the kind of bifurcation exhibited in the four-box model — namely, a saddle-node bifurcation — this network should, a priori, accurately label four-box model data. We find that our networks significantly outperforms one of Bury et al.’s classifiers on four-box model test data. In particular, our best CNN-LSTM network achieves an accuracy of 98.86% accuracy on test set of 5,000 multivariate four-box model time series. Meanwhile, Bury et al.’s model performs worse than a random classifier on this set with an accuray of 16.19%, though retraining the classification layer of this model model increases its accuracy to 85.90%. In order to explain the poor performance of Bury et al.’s model, we argue that the identically zero eigenvalue of the four-box model’s Jacobian results in time series which Bury et al.’s model falsely associates with a transcritical bifurcation. However, other simple models of oceanic circulation, including Stommel’s original two-box model, do not exhibit this identically zero eigenvalue. As a result, possible extensions of our work involve training networks on time series generated by many low-order models, and determining if Bury et al.’s network still performs poorly on data generated by these myriad models.
Different effects of statins on induction of diabetes mellitus: an experimental study

Background: To determine the effect of different statins on the induction of diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: Four statins (atorvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and pitavasta-tin) were used. Cytotoxicity, insulin secretion, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and G 0 /G 1 phase cell cycle arrest were investigated in human pancreas islet β cells, and glucose uptake and signaling were studied in human skeletal muscle cells (HSkMCs). Results: Human pancreas islet β cells treated with 100 nM atorvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and pitavastatin had reduced cell viability (32.12%, 41.09%, 33.96%, and 29.19%, respectively) compared to controls. Such cytotoxic effect was significantly attenuated by decreasing the dose to 10 and 1 nM, ranged from 1.46% to 17.28%. Cells treated with 100 nM atorvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and pitavastatin had a reduction in the rate of insulin secretion rate by 34.07%, 30.06%, 26.78%, and 19.22%, respectively. The inhibitory effect was slightly attenuated by decreasing the dose to 10 and 1 nM, ranging from 10.84% to 29.60%. Insulin secretion stimulated by a high concentration of glucose (28 mmol/L) was significantly higher than a physiologic concentration of glucose (5.6 mmol/L) in all treatment groups. The glucose uptake rates at a concentration of 100 nM were as follows: atorvastatin (58.76%) , pravastatin (60.21%) , rosuvastatin (72.54%) , pitavastatin (89.96%). We also found that atorvastatin and pravastatin decreased glucose transporter (GLUT)-2 expression and induced p-p38 MAPK levels in human pancreas islet β cells. Atorvastatin, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin inhibited GLUT-4, p-AKT, p-GSK-3 β , and p-p38 MAPK levels in HSkMCs. Conclusion: Statins similar but different degree of effects on pancreas islet β cells damage and induce insulin resistance in HSkMC.