Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elements for Trial Without Catheter (TWOC) Success in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients: Lessons We Have Learned

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a progressive disease that causes low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). As prostatic volume grows, the prostatic urethra may become completely obstructed, resulting in full urine retention and acute hypogastric pain. Our research aimed to identify the optimal trial without catheter (TWOC) therapeutic approach and identify those factors that are associated with the recurrence of complete urinary retention (CUR). Methodology: The study enrolled with complete urinary retention and BPH were included in the study, after the insertion of a Foley catheter. The patients received tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day as an alpha-blocker treatment. In our investigation, patients who encountered complete urinary retention were randomly categorized into four groups based on the duration of urinary catheterization as determined by the attending urologist. Results: Maintaining the urethrovesical catheter for three to seven days was related to the highest success of spontaneous urination, which was statistically significant compared to other study groups. (p=0.0007). Age over 70 years, no alpha-blocker before the urinary retention episode, and prostatic volume exceeding 50 ml were all associated with decreased TWOC efficacy. We found the highest rates of spontaneous urination were after three to seven days of urinary catheterization. Conclusion: BPH and complete urine retention can be managed by TWOC in many cases. Several factors affect the test's efficacy. Prolonged urinary catheter maintenance over seven days, prostatic volume over 50 ml, and age over 70 years are poor prognostic indicators.
ESTIMATES OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, GENETIC PARAMETERS AND GENETIC TRENDS FOR REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN ALPINE GOATS

Study of litter size (LS), birth weight (BW) and litter weight (LW) over successive parities was conducted on diary Alpine goats reared in Croatia. Statistical analysis was performed on records obtained out of 46 722 parturitions from 18 546 goats of different ages and parities. Twining and tripling rates were 27% i.e. 1%. Unadjusted averages for LS, BW and LW were 1.46 lambs, 3.29 kg, and 4.75 kg, respectively. Univariate analysis (repeatability animal model) was used in estimation of variance components and prediction of breeding values. Season (as year-month interaction), age at lambing (as quadratic regression) nested within parity and type of birth were treated as fixed, and herd-year, additive genetic, permanent environmental and residual were treated as random effects, respectively. All investigated effects were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Heritability estimates were 0.039, 0.036, and 0.023 for LS, BW, and LW, respectively. Herd-year affected BW (46%) and LW (40%) much more than LS (12%). Average breeding values by year of the birth in the last decade oscillated between investigated years. Positive genetic trends of all investigated traits were determined only after year 2007.
Survey of Gastrointestinal Parasites among Nomadic Cattle Herds in Eruwa, Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Authors OAS and EUF designed the study and supervised data collection. Authors AAA and SEO wrote the study protocol. Authors SEO, AOM, MHO and OS gathered initial data and laboratory analysis of samples. Authors AAA and SEO did data analysis and managed literature searches. Author AAA prepared the initial draft. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. ABSTRACT Aim: Nomadic farming of cattle is a common practice in rural farming area of Nigeria. This study investigated the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among nomadic cattle herds in Eruwa, Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria. study Methodology: Faecal samples were collected from 177 cattle across 6 randomly selected nomadic cattle herds in Eruwa. Faecal samples were collected and processed using the Sodium-acetate-acetic acid ether concentration method followed by microscopic examination for gastrointestinal parasites ova or larva. Questionnaires were also administered to herd’s handlers to obtain demographic information and deworming history of animals. Data obtained were analysed using IBM SPSS software version 20.0 and confidence interval was set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 177 cattle were examined, with their age ranging from 2-204 months old, and majority of them 107 (60%) were females. An overall prevalence of 62.7% was recorded for any gastrointestinal helminth infection which include Ascaris spp. , Fasciola spp. , Ostertagia spp, Trichostongylus spp and Moniezia spp. Fasciola spp was the most prevalent (22.6%) followed by Ascaris spp (10.2%) and Moniezia spp was the least prevalent with 2.3%. However, there exists no significant difference in prevalence of infection by sex, age and across herds. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among nomadic cattle which can be controlled through provision of grazing reserved areas and regular deworming of cattle.
The Influence of BIM Education Improvement on Raising BIM Awareness in Croatia and Slovakia

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an intelligent 3D model-based process that enhances productivity and management performance of construction projects. Recognizing many benefits of BIM, governments of the most developed members of the European Union encourage BIM usage which results in a higher BIM awareness and BIM adoption. These facts suggest that BIM is becoming the norm within construction industry. On the contrary, Croatia and Slovakia have been very low in BIM application and have done little to support BIM initiatives. Previous studies suggested several strategies to increase the BIM application, where providing BIM education at university level is one of them, so universities need to update their curricula accordingly. In this study we compared implemented Construction Management (CM) BIM education on master’s study at the Faculty of Civil Engineering Košice and Zagreb. The results show that BIM education at the both faculties should be connected with other departments on the same faculty, other disciplines but also with real companies and projects. Such extension will provide civil engineers with wider BIM knowledge related to interoperability, integration, communication, collaboration, standardization and clash detection. Thus, BIM education improvement will have good impact on rising BIM awareness and will be good incentive for further BIM implementation in Croatia and Slovakia. This study is an extension of paper presented on Creative Construction Conference 2018 in Ljubljana. In this paper we showed deeper statistical analysis of CM educational programs in Croatia and Slovakia as well as relationship between BIM awareness and BIM education in both countries.
Coesite-bearing eclogite in Henan Province, central China; detailed petrography, glaucophane stability and PT-path

The Triassic Qinling-Dabie collision zone between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons in central China is segmented into 5 blocks by NNE-SSW trending faults. From east to west, they are: Su-Lu, Dabie, Hongan, Tongbai, and Qinling blocks. Coesite and its pseudomorphs have been described only in the Su-Lu and southeastern Dabie blocks. We have found new relict coesite and polycrystalline quartz pseudomorphs after coesite in eclogite garnet and kyanite at the northern end of the Hongan block. This establishes the existence of a narrow ultrahigh-P belt in the Hongan block. The coesite-bearing eclogites occur as 4-8 m thick layers in gneiss and are rich in Al 2 O 3 , MgO and SiO 2 compared to common basalts. They have experienced at least four stages of recrystallization. The pre-eclogite stage I assemblage occurs as inclusions in cores of garnets and consists of garnet + katophorite/taramite + quartz + paragonite. The peak eclogite stage II assemblage is garnet + coesite + kyanite + omphacite + phengite + rutile ± talc ± glaucophane. Decompression stage III assemblage is garnet + quartz + omphacite + kyanite + phengite + paragonite + epidote + barroisite + ilmenite. Final retrograde stage IV assemblage consists of albite + hornblende ± Ca-clinopyroxene ± taramite/pargasite + quartz ± margarite + ilmenite. Porphyroblastic garnets show pronounced compositional zoning. Phase equilibria, geothermobarometers and a modified version of the Ge0-Calc program were used to constrain P-T conditions for the four stages of recrystallization. The coesite-bearing eclogite shows a clockwise P-T path with a peak pressure of about 31 kbar at 620 ± 30°C. The coexistence of glaucophane with kyanite and omphacite and the existence of talc and omphacite inclusions in barroisite provides natural evidence of relatively high temperature and high pressure stability for glaucophane. The ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) rocks of the various segments of the Qinling-Dabie suture have metamorphic ages of 210-230 Ma and supracrustal protoliths; they decrease in abundance and in peak metamorphic-temperature westward from 770°C in the Su-Lu block to 630°C for the Hongan block. The distribution of UHP rocks in the Dabie and Hongan blocks suggests that the Dabie block may have moved southward relative to the Hongan block about 30 km. The difference in the extent of exposures of ultrahigh- and high-P rocks in various blocks may have resulted from differential unroofing
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Self-Reported Substance Use among Patients with Mental Illness in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study

Background. Substance use is prevalent among patients with mental illness in low- and middle-income countries, including Tanzania. This heightened prevalence not only increases the risk of developing mental disorders and substance use disorders but also contributes to poor treatment outcomes for these patients. Despite these concerns, the current prevalence of substance use and its associated factors in this population remains unclear in Tanzania. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the 12-month period prevalence of self-reported substance use and associated factors among patients with mental illness. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study among patients with mental illness at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Respondents were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data on self-reported substance use were collected using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) alcohol, smoking, and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST) V3.0. IBM SPSS version 25 was employed for data analysis, utilizing frequencies and percentages to determine the prevalence of self-reported substance use. The study employed bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses to investigate the association between patient characteristics and self-reported substance use, with statistical significance set at a p value of < 0.05. Results. A total of 364 patients were enrolled in the study, with 215 (59.1%) being male and a mean (SD) age of 35.57 (±9.01) years. Among the participants, 119 (32.7%) reported substance use. The most commonly used substances were alcohol (21.7%), tobacco (19.8%), and cannabis (12.9%). Factors significantly associated with self-reported substance use included younger age (AOR: 1.829; 95% CI: 1.112, 3.010; p=0.017), male gender (AOR: 2.346; 95% CI: 1.397, 3.939; p=0.001), positive family history of mental illness (AOR: 2.247; 95% CI: 1.364, 3.701; p=0.001), and a family history of substance use (AOR: 3.804; 95% CI: 2.305, 6.276; p<0.001). Conclusions. A significant proportion, amounting to one-third of patients, reported substance use, highlighting the imperative need for targeted measures within this population. The implementation of routine substance use screening programs for patients with mental illness is crucial, alongside gender-sensitive and age-specific interventions. Consideration of patients’ family history of mental illness and substance use should be an integral part of these measures.
Ancillary Benefits of Climate Policy / Sekundäre Nutzen der Klimapolitik

Summary The benefits of climate policy normally consist exclusively of the reduced impacts of climate change, i.e., the policy’s primary aim. Our analysis of benefits of climate policy suggests, however, that researchers and policymakers should also take account of ancillary benefits, e.g., in the shape of improved air quality induced by climate protection measures. A consideration of both, primary and ancillary benefits, has a positive influence on global climate protection efforts, e.g., because the regional impact of ancillary effects attenuates easy-riding motives of countries with respect to their provision of climate protection. In this article, we analyze the nature of ancillary benefits, present an overview of European assessment studies and explain possible methods to estimate ancillary benefits. Main differences between primary and ancillary benefits are pointed out. Furthermore, we stress the major influences of ancillary benefits on climate policy. Finally, we present one of the first models integrating primary and ancillary benefits. By this model quantitative results are calculated with respect to ancillary benefits in the UK considering different greenhouse gas (GHG) control levels. It is observed that the ancillary benefits could cover about 4 percent of the full GHG reduction cost. Zusammenfassung Die Nutzen aus der Klimapolitik werden in der Regel ausschließlich im Klimaschutz gesehen, also im primären Ziel dieser Politik. Unsere Analyse der Klimapolitik-Nutzen legt jedoch nahe, dass Forscher und Politiker auch sekundäre Nutzen – etwa in Form einer durch Klimapolitik induzierten Luftqualitätsverbesserung – berücksichtigen sollten. Die Berücksichtigung von sowohl primären als auch sekundären Nutzen hat einen positiven Einfluss auf die globalen Klimaschutzanstrengungen, z. B. weil die regionalen sekundären Effekte Freifahrer-Anreize im internationalen Klimaschutz vermindern. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag untersuchen wir die Eigenschaften sekundärer Nutzen, geben einen Überblick über europäische empirische Studien und erläutern mögliche Methoden zur Ermittlung sekundärer Nutzen. Hauptunterschiede zwischen primären und sekundären Nutzen werden herausgestellt. Des Weiteren, zeigen wir die bedeutendsten Einflüsse der sekundären Nutzen auf die Klimapolitik auf. Schließlich präsentieren wir eines der ersten Modelle, welches primäre und sekundäre Nutzen integriert. Mithilfe dieses Modells ermitteln wir quantitative Ergebnisse bezüglich sekundärer Nutzen in Großbritannien unter Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Treibhausgas-Vermeidungsniveaus. Es läßt sich beobachten, dass sekundäre Nutzen etwa 4 Prozent der vollen Treibhausgas-Vermeidungskosten decken können.
Recent speed‐up of an alpine rock glacier: an updated chronology of the kinematics of outer hochebenkar rock glacier based on geodetic measurements

Abstract Surface velocities have been regularly monitored at the rock glacier in Outer Hochebenkar, Ötztal Alps, Austria since the early 1950s. This study provides an update to previously published surface velocity time series, showing mean profile velocities of four cross profiles since the beginning of the measurements (1951,1954, 1997; depending on the profile), as well as single block displacements from 1998 to 2015. Profiles P1, P2 and P3 have moved between 42 and 90 m, at mean velocities between 0.70 and 1.48 m yr–1, since they were first established in the early 1950s (1951/54). Profile P0, established in 1997, has since moved 13 m or 0.75 m yr–1. An acceleration can be observed at all profiles since the late 1990s, with a particularly sharp velocity increase since 2010. All profiles reached a new maximum velocity in 2015, with 1.98 m yr–1 at the slowest profile (P0) and 6.37 m yr–1 at the fastest profile (P1). Year‐to‐year variations in profile velocities cannot be clearly attributed to inter‐annual variations of climatic parameters like mean annual air temperature, summer temperature, positive degree days, or precipitation. However, higher correlation is found between velocities and cumulative anomalies of air temperature (mean annual air temperature and positive degree days) and summer precipitation, suggesting that these parameters play a key role for the movement of the rock glacier. The lower profiles (P0, P1) show more pronounced year‐to‐year variations than the upper profiles (P2, P3). It is considered likely that processes other than climatic forcing (e.g. sliding, topography) contribute to the different velocity patterns at the four profiles.
A Qualitative Evaluation of the Acceptability of a Tailored Smartphone Alcohol Intervention for a Military Population: Information About Drinking for Ex-Serving Personnel (InDEx) App (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption in the UK Armed Forces is higher than in the general population, and this pattern continues after leaving the service. Smartphone apps may be useful to increase ex-serving personnel’s awareness of their alcohol consumption, support self-monitoring, and prompt a change in behavior. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to explore the acceptability of Information about Drinking in Ex-serving personnel (InDEx), a tailored smartphone app, combined with personalized short message service (SMS) text messaging designed to target ex-serving personnel who meet the criteria for hazardous alcohol use. METHODS The InDEx intervention included 4 key modules: (1) assessment and normative feedback, (2) self-monitoring and feedback, (3) goal setting and review, and (4) personalized SMS text messaging. A semistructured telephone interview study was conducted with ex-serving personnel after using the app for a 28-day period. Interviews were used to explore the acceptability of app modules and its functionality and the perceived changes in participant’s drinking. Interview transcripts were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Overall, 94% (29/31) participants who used InDEx agreed to take part in a telephone interview. Overall, 4 themes were identified: Credibility, Meeting their needs, Simplicity, and Helpful for ex-serving personnel. The importance of credibility, functionality, and meeting the individual needs of ex-serving personnel was emphasized. Acceptability and engagement with specific modules of the app and text messages were influenced by the following: (1) if they felt it provided credible information, (2) whether the content was appropriately personalized to them, (3) the ease of use, and (4) beliefs about their own drinking behaviors. Participants recommended that the app would be most suitable for personnel about to leave the Armed Forces. CONCLUSIONS InDEx was an acceptable smartphone app for ex-serving personnel for monitoring alcohol consumption and in providing meaningful feedback to the individual. Pages that met the participant’s interests and provided real time personalized, credible feedback on their drinking and text messages tailored to participant’s interactions with the app were particularly favored.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Android OS Privacy Under the Loupe -- A Tale from the East

China is currently the country with the largest number of Android smartphone users. We use a combination of static and dynamic code analysis techniques to study the data transmitted by the pre-installed system apps on Android smartphones from three of the most popular vendors in China. We find that an alarming number of preinstalled system, vendor and third-party apps are granted dangerous privileges. Through traffic analysis, we find these packages transmit to many third-party domains privacy sensitive information related to the user’s device (persistent identifiers), geolocation (GPS coordinates, network-related identifiers), user profile (phone number, app usage) and social relationships (e.g., call history), without consent or even notification. This poses serious deanonymization and tracking risks that extend outside China when the user leaves the country, and calls for a more rigorous enforcement of the recently adopted data privacy legislation.
ScholarWorks ScholarWorks

Recent research shows that lower levels of income inequality cause higher levels of democracy, and vice versa in a simultaneous relationship. A critical factor missing from these studies is a direct exogenous measure of capitalism in models explaining variation in income inequality and democracy. This study examines 50 countries over the years 1978-1993 and finds in a pooled two stage least squares modeling exercise that the Fraser Institute measure of capitalism appears to have a positive linear impact on POLITYIV measures of democracy and a negative linear impact on income inequality (more capitalism, more inequality). There appears to be no higher-order relationship between capitalism and democracy or income inequality, though there is a parabolic relationship between democracy and income inequality .
Phylloxera and Aphids Show Distinct Features of Genome Evolution Despite Similar Reproductive Modes

Abstract Genomes of aphids (family Aphididae) show several unusual evolutionary patterns. In particular, within the XO sex determination system of aphids, the X chromosome exhibits a lower rate of interchromosomal rearrangements, fewer highly expressed genes, and faster evolution at nonsynonymous sites compared with the autosomes. In contrast, other hemipteran lineages have similar rates of interchromosomal rearrangement for autosomes and X chromosomes. One possible explanation for these differences is the aphid's life cycle of cyclical parthenogenesis, where multiple asexual generations alternate with 1 sexual generation. If true, we should see similar features in the genomes of Phylloxeridae, an outgroup of aphids which also undergoes cyclical parthenogenesis. To investigate this, we generated a chromosome-level assembly for the grape phylloxera, an agriculturally important species of Phylloxeridae, and identified its single X chromosome. We then performed synteny analysis using the phylloxerid genome and 30 high-quality genomes of aphids and other hemipteran species. Unexpectedly, we found that the phylloxera does not share aphids’ patterns of chromosome evolution. By estimating interchromosomal rearrangement rates on an absolute time scale, we found that rates are elevated for aphid autosomes compared with their X chromosomes, but this pattern does not extend to the phylloxera branch. Potentially, the conservation of X chromosome gene content is due to selection on XO males that appear in the sexual generation. We also examined gene duplication patterns across Hemiptera and uncovered horizontal gene transfer events contributing to phylloxera evolution.