Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An assessment of geometry teaching supported with augmented reality teaching materials to enhance students’ 3D geometry thinking skills

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to examine the effect of Augmented Reality (AR) supported geometry teaching on students’ 3D thinking skills. This research consisted of 3 steps: (1) developing a 3D thinking ability scale, (ii) design and development of an AR Geometry Tutorial System (ARGTS) and (iii) implementation and assessment of geometry teaching supported with ARGTS. A 3D thinking ability scale was developed and tested with experimental and control groups as a pre- and post-test evaluation. An AR Geometry Tutorial System (ARGTS) and AR teaching materials and environments were developed to enhance 3D thinking skills. A user study with these materials found that geometry teaching supported by ARGTS significantly increased the students’ 3D thinking skills. The increase in average scores of Structuring 3D arrays of cubes and Calculation of the volume and the area of solids thinking skills was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In terms of other 3D geometric thinking skills’ subfactors of the scale a statistically significant difference was found in favour of the experimental group in pre-test and post-test scores (p < 0.05). The biggest difference was found on ability to recognize and create 3D shapes (p < 0.01). The results of this research are particularly important for identifying individual differences in 3D thinking skills of secondary school students and creating personalized dynamic intelligent learning environments.
Morphological and Molecular Differentiation between Quercus petraea(Matt.) Liebl. and Quercus pubescens Willd. (Fagaceae) in Northern and Central Italy

Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. and Q. pubescens Willd. are two closely related taxa. No specific single marker, either morphological or molecular, has been identified to distinguish the two species until now. In the present study morphoanatomical and molecular traits (simple sequence repeatsa SSR loci) were investigated in an attempt to characterize and to discriminate between these two oak species. At the morphological level, the applied statistics (nested ANOVA and discriminant analysis) suggest that the micromorphological features are the most eAective for this purpose. The wide range of macromorphological variation observed can confound the classification of many individuals into either Q. petraea and Q. pubescens. Analysis of microsatellite data indicates that most of the genetic variation is contained within, rather than between, species. The lack of molecular divergence could be attributed to either relatively rapid and recent diAerentiation or to extensive hybridization following secondary contact of the taxa. # 2000 Annals of Botany Company
NOT FOR QUOTATION

For centuries man has used coastal waters and the seas as a receptacle for %:/astes. Although the oceans have an enormous capacity to assimilate wastes, this limit is now being exceeded, or at least threatened, in many parts of the world. The resulting damages affect not only ecological stability and survivability of aquatic life, but also human uses and enjoyment of marine water. This paper identifies beneficial water uses impaired by marine pollution and evaluates them in an economic framework. Economic damages from current levels of pollution are estimated along •shorelines of the United States. Ranges of damage values are assumed to reflect uncertainty and incompleteness of the data base. Water uses that are assessed include commercial fishing, recreation (boating, sports fishing, swinming, and beach picnicking), and navigation. ' . At the international level, the severity of marine pollution is evaluated in a qualitative sense. Documented damages to recreational beaches and commercial fisheries are cited; and specific marine pollution problems are recognized for various countries. To date, economic analyses of international pollution control strategies have received minimal. attention, although legal policies on cooperation are evolving.
Investigation of dry eye symptoms of medical staffs working in hospital during 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak

Abstract The aim of this study was to survey the prevalence of dry eye symptoms (DES) among doctors and nurses in the period of 2019, novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. To evaluate the DES of doctors and nurses worked at front-line hospitals with protective glasses for a mean time of 4 to 6 hours, a questionnaire developed by the researchers with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was used. These data were evaluated using descriptive statistics and correlation test with SPSS 22.0. The study included 13 doctors and 40 nurses, among which 16 were male and 37 were female, and the mean age of the participants was 32.43 ± 5.15 years old. According to the OSDI scores, 64.15, 24.52, 7.54, and 3.77% of the participants experienced occasional, mild, moderate, and severe DES, respectively. The factors significantly correlated with OSDI scores were age and duration of wearing protective glasses, while the duration of wearing protective glasses may be a protective factor of dry eye symptoms. Our study showed that most of the doctors and nurses worked at the front-line of combating COVID-19 did not experience DES, while the symptoms of those who experienced DES might be improved by wearing protective glasses.
Windows of opportunity: white-tailed deer and the dynamics of northern hardwood forests of the northeastern US

Herbivory, lighting regimes, and site conditions are among the most important determinants of forest regeneration success, but these are affected by a host of other factors such as weather, predation, human exploitation, pathogens, wind and fire. We draw together >50 years of research on the Huntington Wildlife Forest in the central Adirondack Mountains of New York to explore regeneration of northern hardwo0ds.A series of studies each of which focused on a single factor failed to identify the cause of regeneration failure. However, integration of these studies led to broader understanding of the process of forest stand development and identified at least three interacting factors: lighting regime, competing vegetation and selective browsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The diverse 100-200 year-old hardwood stands present today probably reflect regeneration during periods of low deer density (<2.0 deer/km2) and significant forest disturbance. If this hypothesis is correct, forest managers can mimic these "natural windows of opportunity" through manipulation of a few sensitive variables in the system. Further, these manipulations can be conducted on a relatively small geographic scale. Control of deer densities on a scale of 500 ha and understory American beech (Fagusgrandifo1ia)on a scale of < 100 ha in conjunction with an even-aged regeneration system consistently resulted in successful establishment of desirable hardwood regeneration.
On False Data-Injection Attacks against Power System State Estimation: Modeling and Countermeasures

It is critical for a power system to estimate its operation state based on meter measurements in the field and the configuration of power grid networks. Recent studies show that the adversary can bypass the existing bad data detection schemes, posing dangerous threats to the operation of power grid systems. Nevertheless, two critical issues remain open: 1) how can an adversary choose the meters to compromise to cause the most significant deviation of the system state estimation, and 2) how can a system operator defend against such attacks? To address these issues, we first study the problem of finding the optimal attack strategy--i.e., a data-injection attacking strategy that selects a set of meters to manipulate so as to cause the maximum damage. We formalize the problem and develop efficient algorithms to identify the optimal meter set. We implement and test our attack strategy on various IEEE standard bus systems, and demonstrate its superiority over a baseline strategy of random selections. To defend against false data-injection attacks, we propose a protection-based defense and a detection-based defense, respectively. For the protection-based defense, we identify and protect critical sensors and make the system more resilient to attacks. For the detection-based defense, we develop the spatial-based and temporal-based detection schemes to accurately identify data-injection attacks.
Attempt for Upper Cretaceous planktic foraminiferal zonation of the Srednogorie and Eastern Balkan Zones (Bulgaria)

Thirteen biostratigraphical zones were defined as a result of summarizing of the available data on the taxonomy, stratigraphical range and occurrence of the Upper Cretaceous planktic foraminifera from the Srednogoriå and East Balkan. The zones are: Rotalipora cushmani Taxon Range Zone (Late Cenomanian), Dicarinella imbricata Interval Zone (Early Turonian), Marginotruncana renzi – Marginotruncana sigali Interval Zone (Middle Turonian), Marginotruncana schneegansi Interval Zone (Late Turonian), Dicarinella primitiva Interval Zone (Early Coniacian), Dicarinella concavata Interval Zone (Late Coniacian to Early Santonian), Globotruncanita elevata Interval Zone (Early Campanian), Globotruncanita stuartiformis Interval Zone (Early Late Campanian), Radotruncana calcarata Taxon Range Zone (Late Late Campanian), Globotruncana falsostuarti Interval Zone (Early Maastrichtian), Contusotruncana contusa Interval Zone (Early to Late Maastrichtian), Abathomphalus mayaroensis Taxon Range Zone (Late Late Maastrichtian). The zones were successfully correlated to the biostratigraphical schemes in the Carpathians, Mediterranean Basin, Caribbean Basin, and some generalized zonations.
Interactions between near-surface groundwater and surface water in a drained riparian wetland.

Lowland hydrology is characterised by a strong impact of near-surface groundwater which demands an analysis of the interaction between groundwater and surface water. Additionally, a high fraction of agricultural land in lowland catchments is drained and therefore influenced by fast water transport towards discharge systems. A riparian wetland situated in the lowland catchment area “Kielstau” in the north of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, was investigated. Groundwater, ditch water and river water levels were measured to assess the interactions between these systems. Besides weekly measurements, some data were logged at hourly intervals since September 2005. The results show a high seasonal variability in water levels and flow dynamics in the groundwater as well as in the ditches and the river. Far from the river, at the ditch origin, the interactions in the riparian wetland are characterised by continuous effluent conditions which originate from positive differences in groundwater heads. Close to the river, at the mouth of the ditch, lower differences in groundwater heads are observed. They are partially negative, or change between positive and negative differences and result in a change between influent and effluent conditions.
Past shifts in the general circulation: Causation, structure, and effects on hydroclimate

There is now abundant evidence that an important consequence of recent climate change is the displacement of key elements within the global circulation. Considerable uncertainty exists with regard to the sign and magnitude of these changes, and it is also not fully understood how the roles of individual anthropogenic forcings contribute toward their cause. Because of the potential impacts they may impose upon hydroclimate, these changes in the circulation, and particularly their causation, are of high interest. Our primary goal is to differentiate between the various anthropogenic forcings driving these shifts. We analyze the results from long time-slice simulations performed using a stateof-the-art atmospheric general circulation model, which show that important features in the general circulation have shifted poleward since the preindustrial era. Many of these shifts are characterized by pronounced seasonality and exhibit a tendency to be maximized during the summer months of each respective hemisphere. Furthermore, the magnitude of these shifts tends to exhibit a greater variability both over the southern hemisphere and within the extratropical regions. While reductions in ozone and increases of greenhouse gas concentrations have played a role in causation, the indirect effects from feedback mechanisms have been dominant. In most cases, a linear addition of the changes produced in those experiments prescribed with individual forcings is nearly identical to that for an experiment performed with all forcings included. This result is remarkably consistent, indicating that effects of the mechanisms that lead to changes in the circulation are approximately linearly additive.
GEOLOGY OF SALT RANGE AND SEISMIC RISK ANALYSIS. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING, SAN FRANCISCO, 12-16 AUGUST 1985

The region of Pakistan represents a most interesting seismic geology setting where boundaries of interacting plates and micro plates are present. Some of these are characterized by active faults. This paper discusses the recent studies carried out in the salt range, which has occupied the interest of various researchers; however, its seismic geology and its engineering implications may not have been clearly understood. In recent years a substantial amount of data has been gathered by means of telemetered seismic networks, seismic profiling and deep drilling. In the light of this background the quaternary geology of the salt range has been examined which has revealed that the salt range represents a major thrust along a salt lubricated decollement. The frontal face is also characterized by active strike-slip faults such as the Kalabagh fault. Several exposures representing movement in alluvial deposits have been detected and it has been concluded that various faults in the salt range are capable of generating large earthquakes. The historic record does not indicate occurrence of any major catastrophic earthquake associated with this frontal zone, whereas the seismic geology indicates the potential of ground rupture and consequent major earthquakes. The design of major engineering structures in this area therefore poses a major proposition of engineering judgement. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 287689. (Author/TRRL)
Is the U.S. on the path to the lowest motor vehicle fatalities in decades

Trends in U.S. motor vehicle fatalities, gasoline sales, and distance driven were examined for 12 months from May 2007 through April 2008. The results show substantial year-to-year reductions in motor vehicle fatalities during this time period that cannot be fully explained by the reductions in gasoline sales and distance driven. This is especially the case for the latest two months examined (March and April 2008). Here, the reductions in motor vehicle fatalities averaged 20%, while the reductions in gasoline sales and distance driven were in low single-digits. Consequently, it appears that a major shift in driver behavior might be occurring. This shift may involve disproportionate reductions in distance driven for more risky driving conditions and for drivers with less income (who tend to have higher crash rates), as well as possible reductions in speeds as a means of increasing fuel economy.
Thermoluminescence and Thermoluminescent Dosimetry

Volume I concentrates on the basics of thermoluminescence (TL) study, providing a general introduction, explaining models of TL trapping, recombination centers and kinetics, outlining the complexity of the TL mechanism, and discussing important TL and dosimetric characteristics of commonly used thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) materials. Volume II provides the first comprehensive review of phototransferred TL to appear in the literature. Also examined are the TLdose response, the use of TLD's in various radiation fields, and the generalcavity theory. The concepts of track structure theory are introduced. Volume III focuses on clinical and archaeological-geological applications of TLD. Detailed technical information on TL instrumentation is also included. Topics in Volume I are the introduction, models of TL trapping and recombination centers, kinetics of thermoluminescence glow peaks, and general characteristics of TL materials. Volume II covers TL dose response, thermoluminescent radiation dosimetry, track structure theory and applications to thermoluminescence, and photostimulated thermoluminescence. Volume III includes TL readout instrumentation, clinical applications of thermoluminescent dosimetry, and thermoluminescence applied to age determination in archaeology and geology (see AATA Vol. 22, Abstract No. 43 , PARIS No. 70047 for abstract of this chapter) -- AATA
The SJSU ecological footprint challenge and its impacts on pro-environmental behavior

THE SJSU ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT CHALLANGE AND ITS IMPACTS ON PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR By Matthew Eugene Lambert Estimates suggest that humanity requires one-and-a-half Earths to sustainably provide the resources demanded. Observed consequences of this are rising atmospheric carbon, loss of arable land, fishery collapse, drinking water scarcity, and irreparable degradation to the Earth’s ecosystems. The ecological footprint is a tool that calculates the amount of land needed to support a population or an individual’s level of resource use. The action of calculating an individual’s footprint has been shown to improve knowledge about environmental issues, change attitudes about natural resources, and increase understanding about the connection between one’s actions and the environment. This research examined the impacts of a sustainability campaign on the proenvironmental behaviors of students, faculty, and staff at San José State University (SJSU) using an online ecological footprint quiz. It involved promotion of the campaign, administering the ecological footprint via an online survey, educational outreach on reducing one’s footprint, and measuring reported behavioral change over a seven-month period. An ecological footprint study of this scale using the pre-test and post-test method had not been attempted before. Data collection also included focus groups for investigating why people changed their lifestyles during the study period. On average, participants in the footprint challenge decreased their ecological footprint by 10.3%. By comparison, individuals who attended one of the monthly sustainability lectures reported a 17% decrease in footprint.
Strong-field interactions in atoms and nanosystems: advances in fundamental science and technological capabilities of ultrafast sources

Modern laser sources can produce bursts of light that surpass even the fastest molecular vibrations. With durations this short even moderate pulse energies generate peak powers exceeding the average power output of the entire globe. When focused, this can result in an ultrafast electric field greater than the Coulomb potential that binds electrons to nuclei. This strong electric field strips electrons away from atoms in a process known as strong-field ionization. The first experimental realization of photoionization with intense laser pulses occurred only a few years after the invention of the laser. Yet, despite decades of intensive investigation, open questions remain. At the same time, the knowledge gained has led to the creation of multiple exciting fields such as attoscience, femtochemistry, and ultrafast nano-photonics. In this thesis I present my work to advance the fundamental understanding of intense, ultrafast light-matter interactions as well as efforts to expand the technological capabilities of ultrafast light sources and measurement techniques. This includes the photoionization process of atoms and nanoparticles subject to intense, mid-infrared laser fields. The resulting photoelectron emission is measured, with high precision, in a velocity map imaging spectrometer. Other parts of this thesis detail my work on the generation and characterization of non-Gaussian optical pulses. Femtosecond Bessel beams are used to drive and study high harmonic generation with the ultimate goal of creating a compact, high-flux XUV source. Further studies include few-cycle pulses and the carrier-envelope phase, specifically methods of locking and tagging the carrier-envelope phase. A single-shot, all optical tagging method is developed and directly compared to the standard tagging method, the carrier-envelope phase meter. Finally, both experimental and computational studies are presented investigating the ultrafast thermal response cycle of nanowires undergoing femtosecond heating. Strong-field interactions in atoms and nanosystems: advances in fundamental science and technological capabilities of ultrafast sources
Carbon in Amazon Forests: Unexpected Seasonal Fluxes and Disturbance-Induced Losses

The net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide was measured by eddy covariance methods for 3 years in two old-growth forest sites near Santarém, Brazil. Carbon was lost in the wet season and gained in the dry season, which was opposite to the seasonal cycles of both tree growth and model predictions. The 3-year average carbon loss was 1.3 (confidence interval: 0.0 to 2.0) megagrams of carbon per hectare per year. Biometric observations confirmed the net loss but imply that it is a transient effect of recent disturbance superimposed on long-term balance. Given that episodic disturbances are characteristic of old-growth forests, it is likely that carbon sequestration is lower than has been inferred from recent eddy covariance studies at undisturbed sites.
The Effect of College Education on Health

We exploit exogenous variation in college completion induced by draft-avoidance behavior during the Vietnam War to examine the impact of college completion on adult mortality. Our preferred estimates imply that increasing college completion rates from the level of the state with the lowest induced rate to the highest would decrease cumulative mortality by 28 percent relative to the mean. Most of the reduction in mortality is from deaths due to cancer and heart disease. We also explore potential mechanisms, including differential earnings, health insurance, and health behaviors, using data from the Census, ACS, and NHIS.
Non-technical summary Research Question

In this paper, we examine the influence of information rigidities concerning the net worth of banks on the real economy over time. In a first part, we show empirically that expectations about the net earnings of banks (as growth of net worth) are truly biased, particularly during the financial crisis. The forecast error of professional investors cannot be attributed to sticky information but rather to noisy information. Investors display a learning behavior with regard to past forecast errors in forming their expectations about future earnings during the crisis. In a second part, by drawing on a New Keynesian general equilibrium model with a banking sector, we demonstrate that, by quantitatively incorporating this type of information updating and expectations formation about the net worth of banks, noisy information can produce a slow recovery compared to a full information rational expectation case.