Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New coupled quintessence cosmology

A component of dark energy has been recently proposed to explain the current acceleration of the Universe. Unless some unknown symmetry in Nature prevents or suppresses it, such a field may interact with the pressureless component of dark matter, giving rise to the so-called models of coupled quintessence. In this paper we propose a new cosmological scenario where radiation and baryons are conserved, while the dark energy component is decaying into cold dark matter. The dilution of cold dark matter particles, attenuated with respect to the usual a{sup -3} scaling due to the interacting process, is characterized by a positive parameter {epsilon}, whereas the dark energy satisfies the equation of state p{sub x}={omega}{rho}{sub x} ({omega}<0). We carry out a joint statistical analysis involving recent observations from type Ia supernovae, baryon acoustic oscillation peak, and cosmic microwave background shift parameter to check the observational viability of the coupled quintessence scenario here proposed.
ARPES Study of the Superconducting Gap Anisotropy in Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_8+x

We report measurements of the momentum dependence of the superconducting gap in Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+x} (Bi2212) with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy using a dense sampling of the Brillouin zone in the vicinity of the Fermi surface. In the Y quadrant of the zone, where there are no complications from ghost bands caused by the superlattice, we find a gap function consistent within error bars to the form cos(k_x)-cos(k_y) expected for a d-wave order parameter. Similar results are found in the X quadrant with the photon polarization chosen to enhance main band emission over that due to ghost bands.
Amplitudes and Spinor-Helicity in Six Dimensions

The spinor-helicity formalism has become an invaluable tool for understanding the S-matrix of massless particles in four dimensions. In this paper we construct a spinor-helicity formalism in six dimensions, and apply it to derive compact expressions for the three, four and five point tree amplitudes of Yang-Mills theory. Using the KLT relations, it is a straightforward process to obtain amplitudes in linearized gravity from these Yang-Mills amplitudes; we demonstrate this by writing down the gravitational three and four point amplitudes. Because there is no conserved helicity in six dimensions, these amplitudes describe the scattering of all possible polarization states (as well as Kaluza-Klein excitations) in four dimensions upon dimensional reduction. We also briefly discuss a convenient formulation of the BCFW recursion relations in higher dimensions.
Chandra X-Ray Observations of Galaxies in an Off-Center Region of the Coma Cluster

We have performed a pilot Chandra survey of an off-center region of the Coma Cluster to explore the X-ray properties and luminosity function of normal galaxies. We present results on 13 Chandra-detected galaxies with optical photometric matches, including four spectroscopically confirmed Coma-member galaxies. All seven spectroscopically confirmed giant Coma galaxies in this field have detections or limits consistent with low X-ray to optical flux ratios [(fX/fR) < 10-3]. We do not have sufficient numbers of X-ray-detected galaxies to directly measure the galaxy X-ray luminosity function (XLF). However, since we have a well-measured optical LF, we take this low X-ray to optical flux ratio for the seven spectroscopically confirmed galaxies to translate the optical LF to an XLF. We find good agreement with Finoguenov et al. (2004), indicating that the X-ray emission per unit optical flux per galaxy is suppressed in clusters of galaxies, but we extend this work to a specific off-center environment in the Coma Cluster. Finally, we report the discovery of a region of diffuse X-ray flux that might correspond to a small group interacting with the Coma intracluster medium (ICM).
The Impact of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Virus Infection on the Endocrine System: A Review Study

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly growing, and high mortality rates are reported in this regard. Coronaviruses are known to cause multi-organ system damage. Few data are available on the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on different endocrine glands. As angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor is extensively expressed in the endocrine organs, and thus several important questions have arisen regarding whether the function of the endocrine organ changes in COVID-19 disease and patients with the SARS-CoV-2 infection develop endocrine disorders. Databases including PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published from 1996 to February 15, 2021. New-onset diabetes mellitus has been reported by different studies at rates ranging from 5.8% to 35%. Hypercortisolism in admission time could predict disease severity. Tissues from the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland in animals are rich in ACE2, and some endocrinopathy may be secondary. Thyroiditis and thyrotoxicosis have also been recognized in the COVID-19 infection. Hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency may be correlated with disproportionate parathormone levels. Patients with decreased serum calcium levels had worse clinical variables and higher incidences of complications such as septic shock. Men are more susceptible to hypogonadism, and differences in the COVID-19 infection and mortality rates between males and females are due to the differential effects of estradiol and testosterone on the immune system. Considering that different glands have the ACE2 receptor, the coronavirus may be able to alter their function. Hence, this review mainly focused on COVID-19-associated endocrinopathy.
Thermodynamics of Doped Kondo Insulator in One Dimension:Finite-Temperature DMRG Study

The finite-temperature density-matrix renormalization-group method is applied to the one-dimensional Kondo lattice model near half-filling to study its thermodynamics. The spin and charge susceptibilities and entropy are calculated down to T =0.03 t . We find two crossover temperatures near half-filling. The higher crossover temperature continuously connects to the spin gap at half-filling, and the susceptibilities are suppressed at around this temperature. At low temperatures, the susceptibilities increase again with decreasing temperature when doping is finite. We confirm that the susceptibilities finally approach to the values obtained in the Tomonaga-Luttinger (TL) liquid ground state for several parameters. The crossover temperature to the TL liquid is a new energy scale determined from gapless excitations of the TL liquid. The transition from the metallic phase to the insulating phase is accompanied by the vanishing of the lower crossover temperature.
Cluster-state preparation and multipartite entanglement analyzer with fermions

Quantum cluster states and entangled-state analyzers are essential to measurement-based quantum computing. We propose to generate a quantum cluster state and to make a multipartite entanglement analyzer by using noninteracting free electrons or conduction electrons in quantum dots, based on polarizing beam splitters, charge detectors, and single-spin rotations. Our schemes are deterministic without the need of qubit-qubit interaction.
NH3 PDA Temperature-Impact on Low-Frequency Noise Behavior of Si0.7Ge0.3 pFinFETs

The low-frequency (LF) noise characterization of Si0.7Ge0. 3 pFinFETs and transistors’ performance were analyzed for different NH3 post deposition annealing (PDA) temperatures. The flicker noise of these pFinFETs is dominated by carrier number fluctuations at low and intermediate drain currents. At high gate overdrive, the voltage noise <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${S}_{\text {vg}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> increases dramatically and the effect of the access resistance cannot be ignored. By analyzing the input-referred voltage noise power spectral density(PSD) at flat band voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${S}_{\text {vgfb}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), we will demonstrate that nitridation of the high-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\kappa $ </tex-math></inline-formula> layer at 650 °C yields the best quality gate-stack and also results in the highest mobility. While NH3 PDA temperature above 650 °C may introduce more hydrogen at the oxide layer and at the interface, hydrogen can induce hole traps and interface traps that degrade the quality of the gate-stack and reduce the mobility.
Analysis of June 2, 2016 bolide event

On June 2, 2016 at 10h56m UTC, a $-18.9 \pm 0.5$ magnitude superbolide was observed over Arizona. We present analysis of this event based on 6 cameras and a multi-spectral sensor observations by the SkySentinel continuous fireball-monitoring camera network, supplemented by a dash cam footage and a fragmentation model. The bolide began its luminous flight at an altitude of $104.8 \pm 0.5$ km at coordinates $\phi = 34.59 \pm 0.04^\circ$ N planetographic latitude, $\lambda = 110.45 \pm 0.04^\circ$ W longitude, and it had a pre-atmospheric velocity of $17.6 \pm 0.5$ km/s. The calculated orbital parameters indicate that the meteoroid did not belong to any presently known asteroid family. From our calculations, the impacting object had an initial mass of $11.4 \pm 0.5$ metric tonnes with an estimated initial size of $1.89 \pm 0.07$ m.
Global gyrokinetic simulations of intrinsic rotation in ASDEX Upgrade Ohmic L-mode plasmas

Non-linear, radially global, turbulence simulations of ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) plasmas are performed and the nonlinear generated intrinsic flow shows agreement with the intrinsic flow gradients measured in the core of Ohmic L-mode plasmas at nominal parameters. Simulations utilising the kinetic electron model show hollow intrinsic flow profiles as seen in a predominant number of experiments performed at similar plasma parameters. In addition, significantly larger flow gradients are seen than in a previous flux-tube analysis (Hornsby et al 2017 Nucl. Fusion 57 046008). Adiabatic electron model simulations can show a flow profile with opposing sign in the gradient with respect to a kinetic electron simulation, implying a reversal in the sign of the residual stress due to kinetic electrons. The shaping of the intrinsic flow is strongly determined by the density gradient profile. The sensitivity of the residual stress to variations in density profile curvature is calculated and seen to be significantly stronger than to neoclassical flows (Hornsby et al 2017 Nucl. Fusion 57 046008). This variation is strong enough on its own to explain the large variations in the intrinsic flow gradients seen in some AUG experiments. Analysis of the symmetry breaking properties of the turbulence shows that profile shearing is the dominant mechanism in producing a finite parallel wave-number, with turbulence gradient effects contributing a smaller portion of the parallel wave-vector.
A Hint of a Blue Axion Isocurvature Spectrum?

It is known that if the Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking field is displaced from its minimum during inflation, the axion isocurvature spectrum is generically strongly blue tilted with a break transition to a flat spectrum. We fit this spectrum (incorporated into the “vanilla” Λ-CDM cosmological model) to the Planck and BOSS DR11 data and find a mild hint for the presence of axionic blue-tilted isocurvature perturbations. We find the best fit parameter region is consistent with all of the dark matter being composed of QCD axions in the context of inflationary cosmology with an expansion rate of order 108 GeV, the axion decay constant of order 1013 GeV, and the initial misalignment angle of order unity. Intriguingly, isocurvature with a spectral break may at least partially explain the low-` vs. high-` anomalies seen in the CMB data.
Diatom taxonomy and environmental drivers of biodiversity in the Taleghan River and reservoir in Central Alborz, Iran

The taxonomic composition of the diatom flora of the Taleghan River and reservoir in Iran is described. The Taleghan River is one of the main tributaries of the Sepid Roud River, which is the second-longest river in Iran (∼ 670 km). Its headwaters are located in the Alborz Mountains in northwestern Iran and discharge into the Caspian Sea (North Iran). The current study was conducted from November 2017 to October 2018. A total of 167 taxa belonging to 49 genera and 27 families were identified. Nitzschia (28 spp.) Navicula (20 spp.), Cymbella (12 spp.), and Gomphonema (10 spp.) were the most abundant genera. The identified taxa can be classified as oligosaprobic to eutrophic and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that temperature, NO3 2−, salinity, turbidity, EC, Si, and DO were the most significant environmental variables influencing diatom assemblages across seasons and sites in the river.
Light-curve and spectral properties of ultrastripped core-collapse supernovae leading to binary neutron stars

We investigate light-curve and spectral properties of ultra-stripped core-collapse supernovae. Ultra-stripped supernovae are the explosions of heavily stripped massive stars which lost their envelopes via binary interactions with a compact companion star. They eject only ∼0.1~M⊙ and may be the main way to form double neutron-star systems which eventually merge emitting strong gravitational waves. We follow the evolution of an ultra-stripped supernova progenitor until iron core collapse and perform explosive nucleosynthesis calculations. We then synthesize light curves and spectra of ultra-stripped supernovae using the nucleosynthesis results and present their expected properties. Ultra-stripped supernovae synthesize ∼0.01~M⊙ of radioactive 56Ni, and their typical peak luminosity is around 1042~erg~s−1 or −16 mag. Their typical rise time is 5 − 10 days. Comparing synthesized and observed spectra, we find that SN 2005ek, some of the so-called calcium-rich gap transients, and SN 2010X may be related to ultra-stripped supernovae. If these supernovae are actually ultra-stripped supernovae, their event rate is expected to be about 1 per cent of core-collapse supernovae. Comparing the double neutron-star merger rate obtained by future gravitational-wave observations and the ultra-stripped supernova rate obtained by optical transient surveys identified with our synthesized light-curve and spectral models, we will be able to judge whether ultra-stripped supernovae are actually a major contributor to the binary neutron star population and provide constraints on binary stellar evolution.
Formation of young massive clusters from turbulent molecular clouds

Abstract We simulate the formation and evolution of young star clusters from turbulent molecular clouds using smoothed-particle hydrodynamics and direct N-body methods. We find that the shape of the cluster mass function that originates from an individual molecular cloud is consistent with a Schechter function with power-law slopes of β = −1.73. The superposition of mass functions turn out to have a power-law slope of < −2. The mass of the most massive cluster formed from a single molecular cloud with mass M g scales with 6.1 M 0.51 g. The molecular clouds that tend to form massive clusters are much denser than those typical found in the Milky Way. The velocity dispersion of such molecular clouds reaches 20km s−1 and it is consistent with the relative velocity of the molecular clouds observed near NGC 3603 and Westerlund 2, for which a triggered star formation by cloud-cloud collisions is suggested.
Stellar content of extremely red quiescent galaxies at z>2

CONTEXT. A set of 20 extremely red galaxies at 2.5<z<3.8 with photometric features of old passive-evolving galaxies without dust, with stellar masses of ~10^{11} M_sun, have colors that could be related to passive-evolving galaxies with mean ages larger than 1 Gyr. This suggests they have been formed, on average, when the Universe was very young (<1 Gyr). AIMS. We provide new estimates for the stellar content of these 20 galaxies, with a deeper analysis for two of them that includes spectroscopy. METHODS. We obtained, with the GRANTECAN-10.4 m, ultraviolet rest-frame spectra of two galaxies and analyzed them together with photometric data. The remaining 18 galaxies are analyzed only with photometry. We fit the data with models of a single-burst stellar population (SSP), combinations of two SSPs, as well as with extended star formation. RESULTS. Fits based on one SSP do not provide consistent results for the blue and red wavelengths. Moreover, the absence in the spectra of a break at ~2,000 angstroms indicates that a rather young component is necessary. Using two SSPs we can match the photometric and spectroscopic data, with the bulk of the stellar population being very old (several Gyr) and the remaining contribution (<5% of stellar mass fraction) from a young, likely residual star formation component with age <~0.1 Gyr. Exponentially decaying extended star formation models improve slightly the fits with respect to the single burst model, but they are considerably worse than the two SSP based fits, further supporting the residual star formation scenario. CONCLUSIONS. The fact that one SSP cannot match these early-type galaxies highlights the limitations for the use of age estimators based on single lines or breaks, such as the Balmer break used in cosmic chronometers, thus questioning this approach for cosmological purposes.
The tau of galaxy clusters

The recent emergence of detections of the kinetic Sunyeav-Zel'dovich (kSZ) effect through cross-correlation techniques is encouraging for the prospects of future cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. Extracting information on the large-scale velocity fields and constraining cosmological parameters from such kSZ measurements requires an understanding of the optical depth to CMB photons through halos. Using cosmological hydrodynamic simulations we find that there exists a low-scatter relation between the optical depth and thermal Sunyeav-Zel'dovich (tSZ) signal of halos within a physical aperture. We propose that such a relation can be used to break the degeneracy between optical depth and line-of-sight velocity in kSZ measurements. The limiting factors in our proposal are systematic uncertainties associated with the sub-grid physics models in the simulations, which we calculate to be less than 10 percent. We discuss future observational measurements that could potentially be used to mitigate the systematic uncertainties in this scaling relation.
Precision Determination of the Neutron Spin Structure Function g1n

We report on a precision measurement of the neutron spin structure function $g^n_1$ using deep inelastic scattering of polarized electrons by polarized ^3He. For the kinematic range 0.014<x<0.7 and 1 (GeV/c)^2< Q^2< 17 (GeV/c)^2, we obtain $\int^{0.7}_{0.014} g^n_1(x)dx = -0.036 \pm 0.004 (stat) \pm 0.005 (syst)$ at an average $Q^2=5 (GeV/c)^2$. We find relatively large negative values for $g^n_1$ at low $x$. The results call into question the usual Regge theory method for extrapolating to x=0 to find the full neutron integral $\int^1_0 g^n_1(x)dx$, needed for testing quark-parton model and QCD sum rules.
MASTER Optical Detection of the First LIGO/Virgo Neutron Star Binary Merger GW170817

Following the discovery of the gravitational-wave source GW170817 by three Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo antennae (Abbott et al., 2017a), the MASTER Global Robotic Net telescopes obtained the first image of the NGC 4993 host galaxy. An optical transient, MASTER OTJ130948.10-232253.3/SSS17a was later found, which appears to be a kilonova resulting from the merger of two neutron stars (NSs). Here we describe this independent detection and photometry of the kilonova made in white light, and in B, V, and R filters. We note that the luminosity of this kilonova in NGC 4993 is very close to those measured for other kilonovae possibly associated with gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130603 and GRB 080503.
Magnetic field sensing with quantum error detection under the effect of energy relaxation

A solid state spin is an attractive system with which to realize an ultra-sensitive magnetic field sensor. A spin superposition state will acquire a phase induced by the target field, and we can estimate the field strength from this phase. Recent studies have aimed at improving sensitivity through the use of quantum error correction (QEC) to detect and correct any bit-flip errors that may occur during the sensing period. Here, we investigate the performance of a two-qubit sensor employing QEC and under the effect of energy relaxation. Surprisingly, we find that the standard QEC technique to detect and recover from an error does not improve the sensitivity compared with the single-qubit sensors. This is a consequence of the fact that the energy relaxation induces both a phase-flip and a bit-flip noise where the former noise cannot be distinguished from the relative phase induced from the target fields. However, we have found that we can improve the sensitivity if we adopt postselection to discard the state when error is detected. Even when quantum error detection is moderately noisy, and allowing for the cost of the postselection technique, we find that this two-qubit system shows an advantage in sensing over a single qubit in the same conditions.
The Role of Leaders' Motivation, Entrepreneurial Leadership, and Organisational Agility in Social Enterprise Sustainability

Research Aims: Expand the insights for social enterprises (SEs) to sustain their economic and social performance, considering the impact of leader’s motivation, entrepreneurial leadership, organisational agility, and competitive advantage. Design/Methodology/Approach: The dataset was obtained from a survey of 102 SE strategic leaders in Indonesia, which was processed using PLS and SEM to test the hypothesis. Research Findings: Motivation has a positive effect on entrepreneurial leadership but not on organisational agility. Entrepreneurial leadership has tridirectionally relationships with organisational agility, competitive advantage, and social firm performance. Organisational agility has bidirectional relationships with competitive advantage and economic firm performance, whereas competitive advantage only positively affects social firm performance. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: Illuminated a way for SEs to improve economic and social performance by making several variables as a unit. So that SEs know where to put their focus and the impact of the decisions and steps they take. This study also paved the way for researchers to determine future research topics that must be explored. Managerial Implication in the South East Asian Context: As insights for SE leaders in making decisions and finding solutions to the challenges or problems they face while contributing to the development of organisational performance in terms of economic and social. Research Limitations & Implications: This study is a descriptive, cross-sectional study that only analyses Indonesian SEs. Therefore, this study's results only represent SE conditions at the specific time of this research.