Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Repurposing Lovastatin Cytotoxicity against the Tongue Carcinoma HSC3 Cell Line Using a Eucalyptus Oil-Based Nanoemulgel Carrier

Tongue cancer is one of the most common carcinomas of the head and neck region. The antitumor activities of statins, including lovastatin (LV), and the essential oil of eucalyptus (Eu oil), have been adequately reported. The aim of this study was to develop a nanoemulgel containing LV combined with Eu oil that could then be made into a nanoemulsion and assessed to determine its cytotoxicity against the cell line human chondrosarcoma-3 (HSC3) of carcinoma of the tongue. An I-optimal coordinate-exchange quadratic mixture design was adopted to optimize the investigated nanoemulsions. The droplet size and stability index of the developed formulations were measured to show characteristics of the nanoemulsions. The optimized LV loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (LV-Eu-SNEDDS) was loaded into the gelling agent Carbopol 934 to develop the nanoemulgel and evaluated for its rheological properties. The cytotoxic efficiency of the optimized LV-Eu-SNEDDS loaded nanoemulgel was tested for cell viability, and the caspase-3 enzyme test was used against the HSC3 cell line of squamous carcinoma of the tongue. The optimized nanoemulsion had a droplet size of 85 nm and a stability index of 93%. The manufactured nanoemulgel loaded with the optimum LV-Eu-SNEDDS exhibited pseudoplastic flow with thixotropic behavior. The developed optimum LV-Eu-SNEDDS-loaded nanoemulgel had the best half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and caspase-3 enzyme values of the formulations developed for this study, and these features improved the ability of the nanoemulsion-loaded gel to deliver the drug to the investigated target cells. In addition, the in vitro cell viability studies revealed the synergistic effect between LV and Eu oil in the treatment of tongue cancer. These findings illustrated that the LV-Eu-SNEDDS-loaded gel formulation could be beneficial in the local treatment of tongue cancer.
Syntheses Based on 3,4α-Epoxy-1,5,7α,6β(H)-guai-10(14),11(13)-dien-6,12-olide

The sesquiterpene γ-lactone estafiatin 1, the molecule of which has a structure of 3,4α-epoxy-1,5,7α,6β(H)-guai-10(14),11(13)-dien-6,12-olide, is characteristic of plants of the genera Achillea L. and Artemisia L. of the Asteraceae family. This article presents the results of chemical modification for three reaction centers of the estafiatin molecule 1: epoxy cycle, exomethylene group conjugated with γ-lactone carbonyl, and exomethylene group in position C10=C14; and at the same time 33 new derivatives were synthesized, the structures of which were established based on physicochemical constants, spectral data (IR-, PMR-, 13C-NMR), and X-ray diffraction analysis. The stereo- and regiospecificity, as well as the chemoselectivity of the reaction based on estafiatin molecule 1, are discussed. The reactivity of the substrate is significantly influenced by the stereochemistry of its molecule, the nature of the reagent, and the reaction medium. Based on the results of in silico screening, derivatives of estafiatin with high binding energies for both DNA-topoisomerase I and DNA-topoisomerase II were identified. The values of the inhibitory dose of IC50 for estafiatin 1 and its derivatives were determined on cell lines of eight types of tumors. in vivo experiments of the samples made it possible to establish that estafiatin 1 and its derivatives have pronounced antitumor activity against Pliss lymphosarcoma, Walker’s carcinosarcoma, sarcoma 45, sarcoma-180, alveolar liver cancer PC-1, leukemia P-388 and L-1210, and sarcoma-45 resistant to 5-fluorouracil.
Frailty in Older Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and Its Association with All-Cause Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study

Purpose The study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of frailty among a Chinese cohort of hemodialysis patients and to assess the degree to which frailty was associated with all-cause mortality. Participants and Methods We enrolled a group of older adults (≥60 years old) in a prospective cohort study of cognitive impairment in Chinese patients undergoing hemodialysis (registered in Clinical Trials.gov, ID: NCT03251573). We assessed the prevalence of frailty using Fried’s definition in the Cardiovascular Health Study, then we evaluated the associated risk factors of frailty using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Finally, we assessed the association of frailty and all-cause mortality with multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Results The prevalence of frailty in these 204 enrolled hemodialysis patients was 72.1%. Patients with frailty were more inclined to have composite abnormal components that included poor physical functioning, exhaustion, low physical activity, and undernutrition. Multivariable logistic regression analysis suggested that increased age, female gender, history of diabetes, longer dialysis vintage, lower Kt/V, lower serum level of albumin concentrations, and increased serum iPTH concentrations were independently associated with frailty. Cox regression analysis indicated that frailty as a dichotomous construct was strongly associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR 6.092, 95% CI 1.886–19.677, P = 0.003) in unadjusted analyses. After adjusting (Model I = no adjusted; II = adjusted for age, gender; III = adjusted for age, gender, history of diabetes; IV = adjusted for all covariates associated at the p ≤ 0.10 level with death in unadjusted analyses, including age, history of diabetes, MoCA<26, single-pool Kt/V, and the levels of albumin and iPTH), the association was slightly affected but observed consistent as before. Conclusion Frailty is extremely common and is associated with serious clinical outcomes among older hemodialysis patients. Based on those clinical features of frailty, future studies should focus on exploring effective interventions aimed to prevent or attenuate frailty in the older hemodialysis population.
Broadband Tamm Plasmons in Chirped Photonic Crystals for Light-Induced Water Splitting

An electrode of a light-induced cell for water splitting based on a broadband Tamm plasmon polariton localized at the interface between a thin TiN layer and a chirped photonic crystal has been developed. To facilitate the injection of hot electrons from the metal layer by decreasing the Schottky barrier, a thin n-Si film is embedded between the metal layer and multilayer mirror. The chipping of a multilayer mirror provides a large band gap and, as a result, leads to an increase in the integral absorption from 52 to 60 percent in the wavelength range from 700 to 1400 nm. It was shown that the photoresponsivity of the device is 32.1 mA/W, and solar to hydrogen efficiency is 3.95%.
From the laboratory to daily life: Preliminary evidence that self-distancing training buffers vulnerable individuals against daily rumination and depression over time.

Experimental research indicates that self-distancing helps vulnerable individuals to cope with negative experiences. However, whether these ﬁ ndings generalize outside the laboratory is unknown. Here, we report the results of a proof-of-principle study ( N = 111) that assessed whether teaching people how to self-distance during a brief (i.e., ∼ 1 hr) computer-delivered, in-laboratory training session would facilitate adaptive coping in the short term and over time compared to a no treatment control and active control (relaxation) condition. Ten days following the intervention, vulnerable participants in the self-distancing group (but not the active control or no treatment control groups) displayed levels of rumination and negative affect that were on par with their less vulnerable counterparts. At 3 and 6 months after the training, vulnerable participants in both the self-distancing group and the active control group reported lower levels of depressive symptoms (but not rumination) compared to vulnerable participants in the no treatment control group. These ﬁ ndings provide preliminary evidence indicating that training vulnerable individuals to self-distance is bene ﬁ cial. Future research is needed to replicate these ﬁ ndings with larger samples and to examine whether they generalize to clinical samples.
Tracking of Radar Targets With In-Band Wireless Communication Interference in RadComm Spectrum Sharing

Radar and communication system (RadComm) spectrum sharing has received considerable attention from the research community in recent years. This paper considers the distributed radars present in the surveillance region with multiple in-band wireless communication transmitters (IWCTs). A new measurement model is proposed by considering both radar returns and returns due to IWCTs. The tracking performance is evaluated using the global nearest neighbor (GNN) tracker with an extended Kalman filter (EKF) for the received measurement set. A single radar case is considered, where near geometry scenario (IWCTs are placed near the radar and target) and far-geometry scenario (IWCTs are placed far from the radar and target) are considered to evaluate the tracking performance. It is observed that a large number of tracks are resulted due to IWCTs, and identifying the actual target track is ambiguous in a single radar case. Therefore, in the second case, multiple radars are placed to investigate the problem comprehensively. The track-to-track association (T2TA) is performed to identify the true target track on multiple tracks produced owing to the presence of IWCTs and the resulting tracks from all radars pertaining to the true targets. Once the true target tracks from each radar are identified, using the T2TA, the track-to-track fusion (T2TF) is carried out to improve the estimates of the true target. The simulation results are quantified with position root mean square error (PRMSE). The posterior Cramer–Rao lower bounds (PCRLBs) quantifying the achievable estimation accuracies are also presented. The simulation results reveal that the association and fusion of tracks from multiple radars identify the true target track with good accuracy and overcome the inability to determine the true track, as in the case of a single radar. Further, the results disclose that, as the number of radars increases, the T2TA and fusion improved the PRMSE.
In the eye of the beholder? Leader and employee ratings of leadership across individuals, organizations, and service areas

Leadership has become an important topic in public management research, and most empirical studies of leadership apply measures based on survey responses by managers and employees. A consistent finding is, nonetheless, that there is great variation in assessments of leadership, and it has been suggested that these variations can be explained by factors on three levels: the individual level within an organization, the organizational level, and the sector level. However, there is very little empirical knowledge about variation at these levels, and the article therefore investigates how two important types of leadership – transformational leadership and transactional leadership – vary at these three levels. We apply survey data from 541 managers and their 8,515 employees, from eight different service areas. The analyses show that the main variation in leadership ratings is within organizations, but significant variation also exists between organizations and service areas. Finally, leaders rate their own leadership more favorably than their employees do.
Does the Matthew effect have an impact on the reading skills of Turkish-speaking children?

ABSTRACT Research has often emphasised that children who experience difficulties in learning to read get poorer in their performance, and the gap between good and poor readers increases over time which describes the well-accepted phenomenon called the Mathew Effect. However, some studies have shown that the Matthew Effect has not been confirmed. In this study, the reading growth curves of Turkish-speaking children and the existence of the Matthew Effect in their performances were examined. For this purpose, the reading skills of 482 children were measured twice a year in the first and second grades. A quadratic growth model successfully fit the data to explain overall reading performance across four-time points. Further, three latent classes, named as good, moderate, and poor readers, were identified on the basis of individual trajectories. Accordingly, the difference in performance between good readers and poor readers continued in all time points. Although the difference between classes continued to increase especially in the second and third time points, and supported the Matthew Effect, it showed a horizontal slope in the fourth time point. This slope shows that reading differences between classes may close in the future. The results were discussed on the basis of Turkish sample.
Små, store eller måske rettere mellemstore organisationer? En undersøgelse af sammenhængen mellem ledelsesspænd, ledelsesidentitet og brugen af transformationsledelse i danske daginstitutioner

Ledere af organisationer med forskellige størrelser af ledelsesspænd har ikke nødvendigvis lige gode muligheder for at udøve ledelsesstrategier, som anses som gavnlige for medarbejderes motivation og præstationer. Mens det som leder i organisationer med store ledelsesspænd kan være vanskeligt at sikre en effektiv og individuel ledelse af alle medarbejdere, kan man som leder af organisationer med få medarbejdere være så eksponereret overfor medarbejderne og så tæt involvereret i det daglige arbejde, at det kan være svært at udvikle den generelle ledelsesidentitet, som udøvelsen af visse ledelsesstrategier kræver. Baseret på en kvantitativ undersøgelse af daginstitutionsområdet belyser artiklen, hvordan ledelsesspændet hænger sammen med lederens brug af transformationsledelse. Her kigger artiklen på, hvor meget transformationsledelse medarbejdere i organisationer med forskellige størrelser af ledelsesspænd opfatter, at deres leder udøver. Artiklen ser også på, om ledernes identitet som generel leder fremfor en identitet som fagprofessionel medarbejder medierer denne sammenhæng. Artiklen giver således et bud på betingelserne for udøvelsen af transformationsledelse i daginstitutioner med forskellige størrelser af ledelsesspænd, ligesom den også bidrager med en udvikling af den teoretiske forståelse af disse mekanismer. Artiklen finder, at niveauet af medarbejderopfattet transformationsledelse er størst i daginstitutioner med mellemstore ledelsesspænd (12-20 medarbejdere), og at forskellen på lederens identitet som generel leder fremfor identitet som fagprofessionel medarbejder forklarer forskellen mellem institutioner med små ledelsesspænd og institutioner med mellemstore ledelsesspænd.
Early Detection of Dendroctonus valens Infestation with Machine Learning Algorithms Based on Hyperspectral Reflectance

The red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens LeConte) has caused severe ecological and economic losses since its invasion into China. It gradually spreads northeast, resulting in many Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) deaths. Early detection of D. valens infestation (i.e., at the green attack stage) is the basis of control measures to prevent its outbreak and spread. This study examined the changes in spectral reflectance after initial attacking of D. valens. We also explored the possibility of detecting early D. valens infestation based on spectral vegetation indices and machine learning algorithms. The spectral reflectance of infested trees was significantly different from healthy trees (p < 0.05), and there was an obvious decrease in the near-infrared region (760–1386 nm; p < 0.01). Spectral vegetation indices were input into three machine learning classifiers; the classification accuracy was 72.5–80%, while the sensitivity was 65–85%. Several spectral vegetation indices (DID, CUR, TBSI, DDn2, D735, SR1, NSMI, RNIR•CRI550 and RVSI) were sensitive indicators for the early detection of D. valens damage. Our results demonstrate that remote sensing technology could be successfully applied to early detect D. valens infestation and clarify the sensitive spectral regions and vegetation indices, which has important implications for early detection based on unmanned airborne vehicle and satellite data.
Application of EEG in wearable brain-computer interfaces

The Electroencephalography (EEG) based brain-computer interfaces is a convenient way to use brain waves to investigate different emotions and some mental disorders. With the development of research and design, it is even possible to use brain waves to control devices (such as robot arms) to improve the life of the disabled. On this basis, based on the summary of previous research results, this paper focuses on the analog front-end of wearable brain computer interface (especially electrode and amplifier) and its related algorithms. The algorithms are developed on the basis of some classical machine learning algorithms, which are more suitable for EEG signals like common spatial paternal and long short-term memory network. This article may provide some convenience and inspiration for future development of EEG-based brain-machine interfaces.
Assess the Proposition That India Will Become the Next Superpower

This article explores the proposition that India will become the world’s next superpower. It discusses the three defining criteria of a superpower – economic strength, military might and soft power – and examines the extent to which India fulfils them in comparison with the current reigning hegemon, the United States, and potential contender China. In doing so, this article examines the favourable conditions for, and possible impediments to, India’s prospects of attaining great-power status. Based on the analysis conducted, this study argues that the South Asian country’s hopes of rising into the league of superpowers will ultimately be dashed if its advantageous conditions are weakened by an inability or unwillingness to address some of its most pressing problems.
An investigation on the importance of train-bridge interaction at resonance

In this paper the fundamental parameters governing the dynamic behaviour of single-track, simply supported railway bridges are presented, and their influence on the reduction of structural response due to train-bridge interaction at resonance is analysed. On the basis of a dimensionless formulation of the equations of motion of the Simplified Interaction Model the fundamental parameters are identified. Subsequently, a parametric study is conducted in which the influence of the most relevant parameters is investigated; some of them are found to play a decisive role in the reduction of the response caused by train-bridge interaction in resonance situations.
Community College Leadership Discourses in Dissertation Abstracts, 1980 to 2020

ABSTRACT Researchers have criticized the professional and academic literature on community colleges for its gendered construals of leaders and leadership. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods associated with corpus-assisted discourse studies (CADS), I identified discourses of leaders and leadership in abstracts of 9,863 dissertations about community colleges. All abstracts were published between 1980 and 2020. Findings suggest that discourses of community college leadership have evolved across five dimensions: (a) leadership models, (b) socially constructed categories, (c) roles and hierarchies, (d) leadership development, and (e) leadership crisis. Discourses related to the first three dimensions appear consistently throughout the 40-year period. Discourses related to the latter two dimensions emerge in the mid-2000s. I hypothesize a leadership imaginary in which the survival of the community college depends on a mythical, hero-president whose outstanding competencies and undivided commitment uniquely qualify him to defy organizational norms and lead transformation. The article concludes with a critique of this gendered imaginary and a call to reimagine the structure of leadership work.
Probiotics: Symbiotic Relationship with the Animal Host

Simple Summary Intestinal health directly influences the profitability of animal production, and so growth-promoting antibiotics have been used in the feed or drinking water to reduce the impact of enteric diseases and improve production parameters. However, these have generated long-term bacterial resistance. In the search for natural alternatives to antibiotics, various probiotic strains have been developed to improve intestinal health and biological indicators in farm animals, which is important to provide the consumer with safe food. This review describes the main probiotic bacteria and yeasts, their in vitro properties and their impact on the antioxidant capacity and intestinal environment of animals. Furthermore, this review outlines the role of probiotics in apparently healthy ruminants, pigs and poultry, including animals with digestive diseases. Abstract Antibiotic growth-promoters in animal feeding are known to generate bacterial resistance on commercial farms and have proven deleterious effects on human health. This review addresses the effects of probiotics and their symbiotic relationship with the animal host as a viable alternative for producing healthy meat, eggs, and milk at present and in the future. Probiotics can tolerate the conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the gastric acid, pH and bile salts, to exert beneficial effects on the host. They (probiotics) may also have a beneficial effect on productivity, health and wellbeing in different parameters of animal performance. Probiotics stimulate the native microbiota (microbes that are present in their place of origin) and production of short-chain fatty acids, with proven effects such as antimicrobial, hypocholesterolemic and immunomodulatory effects, resulting in better intestinal health, nutrient absorption capacity and productive responses in ruminant and non-ruminant animals. These beneficial effects of probiotics are specific to each microbial strain; therefore, the isolation and identification of beneficial microorganisms, as well as in vitro and in vivo testing in different categories of farm animals, will guarantee their efficacy, replicability and sustainability in the current production systems.
Afhænger ledelse af øjnene, der ser? Lederes og medarbejderes vurderinger af ledelse på tværs af individer, organisationer og områder

Ledelse er blevet et væsentligt felt i forvaltningsforskningen, og studier af offentlig serviceproduktion og ledelse måles ofte gennem spørgeskemaundersøgelser af ledere og medarbejdere. Den internationale forskning peger imidlertid på, at opfattelser af ledelse påvirkes af faktorer på i hvert fald tre forskellige niveauer: det individuelle niveau mellem aktører inden for den samme organisation (leder-medarbejdere såvel som mellem medarbejdere), det organisatoriske niveau og sektorområdet. Der findes dog meget lidt empirisk viden om disse niveauers betydning, og vi vil derfor undersøge, i hvilken grad variationer i opfattelser af to centrale ledelsestilgange – transformations- og transaktionsledelse – forekommer på disse tre niveauer. Ved brug af spørgeskemadata fra 541 ledere og deres 8.515 medarbejdere fordelt på otte serviceområder demonstrerer artiklen, at hovedparten af variationen forekommer inden for organisationerne, men at der ligeledes findes væsentlig variation i ledelsesopfattelser mellem organisationer og mellem serviceområder, samt at lederne selv vurderer både transformationsledelse og transaktionsledelse højere, end medarbejderne gør.