Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solar Activity from 2006 to 2014 and Short-term Forecasts of Solar Proton Events Using the ESPERTA Model

To evaluate the solar energetic proton (SEP) forecast model of Laurenza et al., here termed ESPERTA, we computed the input parameters (soft X-ray (SXR) fluence and ∼1 MHz radio fluence) for all ≥M2 SXR flares from 2006 to 2014. This database is outside the 1995–2005 interval on which ESPERTA was developed. To assess the difference in the general level of activity between these two intervals, we compared the occurrence frequencies of SXR flares and SEP events for the first six years of cycles 23 (1996 September–2002 September) and 24 (2008 December–2014 December). We found a reduction of SXR flares and SEP events of 40% and 46%, respectively, in the latter period. Moreover, the numbers of ≥M2 flares with high values of SXR and ∼1 MHz fluences (>0.1 J m−2 and >6 × 105 sfu × minute, respectively) are both reduced by ∼30%. A somewhat larger percentage decrease of these two parameters (∼40% versus ∼30%) is obtained for the 2006–2014 interval in comparison with 1995–2005. Despite these differences, ESPERTA performance was comparable for the two intervals. For the 2006–2014 interval, ESPERTA had a probability of detection (POD) of 59% (19/32) and a false alarm rate (FAR) of 30% (8/27), versus a POD = 63% (47/75) and an FAR = 42% (34/81) for the original 1995–2005 data set. In addition, for the 2006–2014 interval the median (average) warning time was estimated to be ∼2 hr (∼7 hr), versus ∼6 hr (∼9 hr), for the 1995–2005 data set.
Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Cells Toxicity of a Single 2.0 Gy Cobalt60 Ionizing Radiation: An Animal Model

Background Bone marrow is extremely vulnerable to damage caused by radiation therapy. Hence, bone marrow suppression is an important side effect of radiotherapy. Effective use of radiotherapy is therefore compromised by radiation-related injuries. Material and Methods Six Guinea-pigs were recruited for the study of which three were subjected to total body irradiation with Co60 while the other three served as controls. Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples were collected before and at days 9, 14 and 21, post irradiation. Manual and automated counts were performed for bone marrow nucleated cells and peripheral blood cells respectively. Results Declining bone marrow cellularity was evident immediately post irradiation. Mean ± SD of marrow cell counted per mm3 were 121,924±281, 87,603±772, 121,367±375 and 122,750±1000 pre-irradiation and days 9, 14 and 21, postirradiation (p-values 0.10, 0.27 and 0.29 respectively). Significant drops in counts were noticed on day 9 post-irradiation for all red cell parameters (p-values <0.05), for Total White Blood Cell Count and Neutrophil count (p-values <0.05) and also on days 14 and 21 for Lymphocytes (p-values <0.05) and on day 21 for Eosinophil/Basophil/Monocytes (p-value <0.05). A significant drop in platelets counts was also noticed on day 9 (p-value <0.05) which significantly increased above pre-irradiation value on day 21. Conclusion Total body irrradiation with Co60 significantly affects the bone marrow with maximum reductions in marrow nucleated cells and peripheral blood cells counts on day 9 post irradiation.
Heterosis and inbreeding depression for yield and yield components in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.).

The results of the experiment on the magnitude of heterosis and inbreeding depression in 38 genotypes (15 F1s, their 15 F2s and 8 parents) for yield and its attributes revealed highly significant variations for all the genotypes and for all the characters studied. Two hybrids for earliness and four hybrids for short stature exhibited significant negative standard heterosis, while four hybrids for number of capitula per plant, seven hybrids for number of seeds per capitulum, five hybrids for test weight and three hybrids for seed yield exhibited significant positive standard heterosis. There was positive inbreeding depression in F2 generation for all the characters in majority of the hybrids. There was non significant heterosis and inbreeding depression for oil content in F1 and F2 generations respectively.
The Relationship between Sea Surface Temperature and Maximum Intensification Rate of Tropical Cyclones in the North Atlantic

AbstractAn empirical relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and the maximum potential intensification rate (MPIR) of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the North Atlantic has been developed based on the best-track TC data and the observed SST during 1988–2014. Similar to the empirical relationship between SST and the maximum potential intensity of TCs previously documented, results from this study show a nonlinear increasing trend of the MPIR with increasing SST, with a more rapid increasing trend when SST is higher than 27°C. Further analyses indicate that about 28% of intensifying TCs over the North Atlantic reached 50% of their MPIR and only 7% reached 80% of their MPIR at the time when they were at their lifetime maximum intensification rates. Moreover, a TC tended to have a larger intensification rate when it was located in regions with higher SST and lower vertical wind shear (VWS). This indicates that although the MPIR–SST relationship is much stronger than that for the IR rate versus SST for.
FedBoost: Communication-Efficient Algorithms for Federated Learning

Communication cost is often a bottleneck in federated learning and other client-based distributed learning scenarios. To overcome this, several gradient compression and model compression algorithms have been proposed. In this work, we propose an alternative approach whereby an ensemble of pre-trained base predictors is trained via federated learning. This method allows for training a model which may otherwise surpass the communication bandwidth and storage capacity of the clients to be learned with on-device data through federated learning. Motivated by language modeling, we prove the optimality of ensemble methods for density estimation for standard empirical risk minimization and agnostic risk minimization. We provide communication-efﬁcient ensemble algorithms for federated learning, where per-round communication cost is independent of the size of the ensemble. Furthermore, unlike previous work on gradient compression, our algorithm helps reduce the cost of both server-to-client and client-to-server communication.
Evaluation of Bond Failure Rate of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded with Green Gloo-Two Way Color Changes Adhesive: A Clinical Study

Background Bonding is an important step in fixed orthodontic mechanotherapy. Many new materials introduced an adhesive for bonding. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical bond failure rate of orthodontic brackets bonded with green glue: two way color changes adhesive and transbond XT adhesive paste. Methods Eighteen male patients with a mean age of 16 years were included in the study. Convenience sampling technique was used to select the sample for this study. The split-mouth design was used to bond 360 brackets by one operator and both adhesives were used in each patient. Bond failure rates were estimated with respect to bonding procedure, dental arch, tooth type (incisor, canine, and premolar). The results were evaluated using the chisquare test. Kaplan - Meier analysis and the log rank test were used to estimate the survival rate of the brackets. Bracket failure rates for each system were analyzed, and failure causes as reported by the patients and the quadrant of each tooth in which brackets failed were recorded. Results The bond failure rate was 5.00% and 4.44% for green gloo and transbond XT group. No significant difference was found in the bond failure rate between transbond XT and Green gloo group. No significant difference was found in the bond failure rate between the two groups, in relation to right and left side and the type of teeth. Conclusion Green gloo adhesive can be effectively used to bond orthodontic brackets.
Mandibular variation in early Homo from Dmanisi, Georgia.

Mandibular Variation in early Homo from Dmanisi, Georgia by Adam Paul Van Arsdale Chair: Milford H. Wolpoff The Plio-Pleistocene locality of Dmanisi, Georgia, has produced an abundant hominid fossil sample, including four mandibular specimens. These fossils are noteworthy for their outstanding preservation within confined sedimentary deposits and the large range of variation they present. Included within this mandibular sample are two subadult and two adult mandibles; including one of the smallest Lower Pleistocene mandibles assigned to Homo, one of the largest assigned to Homo, and the earliest known edentulous hominid mandible. This dissertation attempts to describe and test explanatory hypotheses for the mandibular variation. The anatomy of the Dmanisi sample is systematically described and compared with other Plio-Pleistocene hominid mandibles. Within the Dmanisi sample, a combination of similarities and differences are found. The mandibles share several distinctive characters to the exclusion of other Plio-Pleistocene hominid samples, including features of the lateral corpus, medial corpus, anterior symphysis, dental arcade, and foramina. Most notable among the characters that differ within the sample are the
Neoclassical Vs Evolutionary Theories of Financial Constraints : Critique and Prospectus Neoclassical Vs Evolutionary Theories of Financial Constraints: Critique and Prospectus *

Complicated neoclassical models predict that if investment is sensitive to current financial performance, this is a sign that something is ‘wrong’ and is to be regarded as a problem for policy. Evolutionary theory, on the other hand, refers to the principle of ‘growth of the fitter’ to explain investment-cash flow sensitivities as the workings of a healthy economy. In particular, I attack the neoclassical assumption of managers maximizing shareholder-value. Such an assumption is not a helpful starting point for empirical studies into firm growth. One caricature of neoclassical theory could be “Assume firms are perfectly efficient. Why aren’t they getting enough funding? ”, whereas evolutionary theory considers that firms are forever struggling to grow. This essay highlights how policy guidelines can be framed by the initial modelling assumptions, even though these latter are often chosen with analytical tractability in mind rather than realism. Approches néoclassiques et évolutionnistes des contraintes financières Résumé: Des modèles néoclassiques complexes prédisent que si l’investissement réagit à la performance financière du moment, c’est un problème qui doit être corrigé. La théorie évolutionniste, quant à elle, fait référence au principe de ‘la croissance du plus fort’ pour valider une corrélation positive entre investissement et cash-flow, y voyant le signe du bon fonctionnement de l’économie. Nous critiquons, en particulier, l’hypothèse néoclassique des managers rationnels et maximisateurs. Une telle hypothèse n’est pas un bon point de départ pour étudier l’investissement. Une caricature de la théorie nóclassique pourrait être: ‘Supposons que les firmes soient parfaitement efficaces. Pourquoi ne reçoivent-elles pas un financement suffisant? ’, alors que l’approche évolutionniste considère que les firmes luttent pour crôıtre. Cet article met l’accent sur les effets de la politique d’intervention: ils dépendent des hypothèses de départ, même lorsque celles-ci ont été choisies en fonction de critères d’existence d’une solution mathématique et non pas de critères plus réalistes. JEL codes: L21, G30
Nanotechnology methods used to combine proteins

Mariagrazia Di Marco1 Shaharum Shamsuddin2 Khairunisak Abdul razak3 Azlan Abdul Aziz4 Corinne Devaux1 elsa Borghi1 Laurent Levy1 Claudia Sadun5 1Nanobiotix, Paris, France; 2School of Health Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia; 3School of Materials and Mineral resources engineering, engineering Campus, 4School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; 5Department of Chemistry, Sapienza, University of rome, rome, Italy
Effect of Climate Change on Crop Production Patterns with Implications to Transport Flows and Inland Waterways

This project analyzed the demand for transportation capacity and changes in transportation flows on inland waterways due to shifts in crop production patterns induced by climate change. Shifts in the crop production mix have been observed in recent years in response to changing climate. The primary exhibited trend is that of a northward shift resulting, for example, in increased corn production in historically wheat-producing regions. Given differences in the typical destinations and volumes of corn and wheat shipments, such changes have the potential to alter the pattern, composition and seasonality of grain flows toward and along the Mississippi River. As a result, bulk cargo traffic patterns, transportation flows, and demand for transportation capacity and facilities in the Mississippi River basin may change dramatically in the near future. The project analyzed these changes using a U.S. agricultural sector model and an international grain transportation model. The former predicts shifts in production patterns due to climate change, while the latter analyzes the effect of predicted production shifts on transportation flows. The results will help planners in forecasting demand for Mississippi River transport facilities and capacity.
Mapping stand age of rubber plantation using ALOS-2 polarimetric SAR data

ABSTRACT This paper presents an evaluation on strategies for rubber plantation mapping employing SAR data coupled with Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Linear backscatter coefficients achieved saturation point at about 10 years, making this form of polarimetric data being robust only for young to mature stands. This research found that the performance of both algorithms was comparable. The addition of texture features gave substantial impact to the overall accuracy. As indicated by the analysis of variable importance, only some texture features have contributed to higher overall accuracy. Classification using a subset of texture features pointed out that accuracy could be improved using dual polarimetric data, while trivial enhancement was seen in combined HH, HV and VV backscatter intensities. The research showed that classification accuracy could be further augmented by setting proper classification parameters. Nonetheless, it is argued that the level of improvement would greatly depend on selecting a proper dataset fed into classifier, rather than tuning classifier parameters.
Pattern Classification using Generalized Recurrent Exponential Fuzzy Associative Memories

Generalized recurrent exponential fuzzy associative memories (GRE-FAMs) are biologically inspired models designed for the storage and recall of fuzzy sets. They can be viewed as a recurrent multilayer neural network that employs a fuzzy similarity measure in its first hidden layer. In this chapter, we provide theoretical results concerning the storage capacity and noise tolerance of a single-step GRE-FAM. Furthermore, we describe how a GRE-FAM model can be applied for pattern classification. Computational experiments show that the accuracy of certain GRE-FAM classifiers is competitive with some well-known classifiers from the literature.
The Great Realignment: How the Changing Technology of Technological Change in Information Technology Affected the U.S. and Japanese IT Industries, 1983–1999

This paper empirically shows that innovation in Information Technology (IT) has become increasingly dependent on and intertwined with innovation in software. This change in the nature of IT innovation has had differential effects on the performance of the United States and Japan, two of the largest producers of IT globally. We document this linkage between software’s contribution in IT innovation and the differential innovation performance of US and Japanese electronics, semiconductors, and hardware firms. We collect patent data from USPTO in the period 1980-2002 and use a citation function approach to formally show the trend of increasing software dependence of IT innovation. Then, using a broad unbalanced panel of the largest US and Japanese publicly listed IT firms in the period 1983-1999, we show that (a) Japanese IT innovation relies less on software advances than US IT innovation, (b) the innovation performance of Japanese IT firms is increasingly lagging behind that of their US counterparts, particularly on IT sectors that are more software intensive, and (c) that US IT firms are increasingly outperforming their Japanese counterparts, particularly in more software intensive sectors. The findings of this paper could provide a fresh explanation for the relative decline of the Japanese IT industry in the 1990s.
Kinetic derivation of a #nite di$erence scheme for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation

In the present paper the low Mach number limit of kinetic equations is used to develop a discretization for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equation. The kinetic equation is discretized with a #rst- and second-order discretization in space. The discretized equation is then considered in the low Mach number limit. Using this limit a second-order discretization for the convective part in the incompressible Navier–Stokes equation is obtained. Numerical experiments are shown comparing di$erent approaches. c
Systematic study on dynamic atomic layer epitaxy of InN on/in +c-GaN matrix and fabrication of fine-structure InN/GaN quantum wells: Impact of excess In-atoms at high growth temperature

The growth kinetics of nominally one-monolayer (∼1-ML)-thick InN wells on/in the +c-GaN matrix fabricated using dynamic atomic layer epitaxy (D-ALEp) by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy were systematically studied, with particular attention given to the impacts of excess In atoms and/or In droplets at a high growth temperature of 650 °C. Even at a constant growth temperature of 650 °C, the thickness of the sheet-island-like InN-well layers could be controlled/varied from 1-ML to 2-ML owing to the effect of excess In atoms and/or In droplets accumulated during growth. The possible growth mechanism is discussed based on the ring-shaped bright cathodoluminescence emissions introduced along the circumference of the In droplets during growth. The effective thermal stability of N atoms below the bilayer adsorbed In atoms was increased by the presence of In droplets, resulting in the freezing of 2-ML-thick InN wells into the GaN matrix. It therefore became possible to study the difference between the emiss.
Universal Influenza Vaccination Among Healthcare Personnel: Yes We Should

Received 4 February 2019; editorial decision 16 February 2019; accepted 22 February 2019. Correspondence: T. M. Perl, MD, MSc, J. P. Sanford Professor of Medicine, Chief of Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine Y7.302, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390 (trish.perl@utsouthwestern.edu). Open Forum Infectious Diseases © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz096 Universal Influenza Vaccination Among Healthcare Personnel: Yes We Should
Situacion y tendencias del uso agricola del agua en la cuenca del Guadalquivir

En octubre de 2000 entro en vigor la Directiva Marco de Aguas (DMA) que prescribe la utilizacion de principios y herramientas economicas para alcanzar sus objetivos ecologicos. Concretamente, el articulo 5 de la Directive promueve la realizacion de un analisis economico de los usos del agua para cada Demarcacion, que incluye el pronostico de los indicadores y directrices economico del sector agrario de la Cuenca del Guadalquivir realizado en este contexto. La agricultura es el principal consumidro de agua, con una tendencia al alza y en creciente competencia con el reso de los usos, para los que se esperan importantes crecimientos futuros. Estos resultados muestran la fotografia que debera tenerse en cuenta en el diseno de las politicas hidricas presentes y futuras en general, y en particular en la elaboracion de los Programas de Medidads prescritos para el ano 2009 por la Directiva.European Directive 2000/60/CE establishes the communitarian framework on water policy and it requires all inland and coastal waters to reach good ecological status by 2015. Water Framework Directive's (WFD) article five required river basin characterization by 2005 in terms of economic analysis of water use, as a previous step for river basins management plans to achieve the Directive objectives. This paper illustrates the methodology and results of agricultural water use for the Guadalquivir River Basin (Southern Spain), which extends over a surface of nearly sixty four thousand square kilometers (double of Belgium size), with a populations over five million people. It is a typical Mediterranean climate region with periodic drought phenomena and where irrigation consumes 85 percent of water resources. This economic analysis of current water uses offers a view on the importance of economic activity on pressure and impacts over resources at the present moment (baseline scenario 2001), clarifying the relation between technical and economics information. It also provides with the tendencies scenario (2015) based on the foreseen evolution of key drivers of agricultural water use. This analysis should allow stakeholders to identify the gap between predicted situation and the Directive objectives in order to elaborate River Basin Management Plans. It should also help to evaluate existing information suitability to Directive objectives and determine the need of new data. Following the DPSIR (driving forces-pressure-state-impact-response) scheme, this research identifies the main key factors for estimating the pressure on the resource, assessing the quantitative (water consumption) and qualitative (pollution) pressure for the resource and prognosticates the evolution of these key elements in the future, in which CAP reform is taken into account. Results indicate a contained future increase of agricultural water consumption (2 percent) and an increased competence with other water uses (urban and tourist), which should be considered for the future elaboration of the Program of Measures in the River Basin.
Exploring the development of Greek (non)temporal connectives with a Story Retelling Production Task

The study aims to investigate the acquisition of the Greek connectives en ό (=while/even though), ka θόs (=while/since) and afu (=after/since), which are ambiguous between a temporal and a non-temporal interpretation, and compare them with the unambiguous temporal όtan (=when). A short-story retell task (i.e. elicited production) was incorporated to answer our research aims. Four child groups aged 5;6, 7;8, 9;10 and 11;6 and a group of adult controls participated in the task. The results showed that the temporal interpretation of the ambiguous connectives is reproduced more than the non-temporal one. Unambiguous όtan is most frequently primed in the younger ages.