Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing capacities and delays at major European and American airports

Successful air transport systems must satisfy the demand for flights while maintaining a high level of service and safety. For airports, which have limited capacities, policy-makers must compromise between maximizing the number of flights served and avoiding excessive delays. Differences between policies adopted in the US and in Europe result in distinct airport performances, the analysis of which reveals best practices. The first point of comparison is over the capacities of a set of the busiest airports in the US and Europe. Under radar-based air traffic control procedures, Instrument Flight Rules (IFR), American airports achieve equal or higher capacities than European airports with similar runway layouts. These discrepancies cannot be explained by the differences in separation requirements alone. Besides, through their extensive use of Visual Flight Rules (VFR), weather permitting, American airports gain an important premium on their capacities. US air traffic control practices and policies clearly result in a more efficient use of airport infrastructure. Second, arrival delays relative to schedule increase over the course of the day at the US airports, while they remain mostly constant in Europe. Similarly the distributions of these delays show that schedule reliability at airports is significantly better in Europe than in the US. These comparisons underscore the benefits of Europe’s policy of airport slot-controls, which cap the number of aircraft movements at a declared capacity. Moreover, arrival delays in the US are much higher under IFR (23 minutes average) than VFR (9 minutes). This shows that the high variability of the capacity of US airports depending on weather conditions, coupled with the tendency toward over-scheduling of flights, is damaging to the national airport system’s stability and reliability. From these comparisons stem a few policy recommendations. Airline schedule reliability might benefit from additional controls or economic incentives to rationalize the scheduling of aircraft movements at some US airports. At the same time, some European airports could benefit from increasing their declared capacities. More generally, European aviation authorities should consider relaxing air traffic control separation procedures along the lines of US practices. Thesis Supervisor: Amedeo R. Odoni Title: Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics and of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Optimal temporal planning at reactive time scales via dynamic backtracking branch and bound

Autonomous robots are being considered for increasingly capable roles in our society, such as urban search and rescue, automation for assisted living, and lunar habitat construction. To fulfill these roles, teams of autonomous robots will need to cooperate together to accomplish complex mission objectives in uncertain and dynamic environments. In these environments, autonomous robots face a host of new challenges, such as responding robustly to timing uncertainties and perturbations, task and coordination failures, and equipment malfunctions. In order to address these challenges, this thesis advocates a novel planning approach, called temporally-flexible contingent planning. A temporally-flexible contingent plan is a compact encoding of methods for achieving the mission objectives which incorporates robustness through flexible task durations, redundant methods, constraints on when methods are applicable, and preferences between methods. This approach enables robots to adapt to unexpected changes on-the-fly by selecting alternative methods at runtime in order to satisfy as best possible the mission objectives. The drawback to this approach, however, is the computational overhead involved in selecting alternative methods at runtime in response to changes. If a robot takes too long to select a new plan, it could fail to achieve its near-term mission objectives and potentially incur damage. To alleviate this problem, and extend the range of applicability of temporally-flexible contingent planning to more demanding real-time systems, this thesis proposes a temporally-flexible contingent plan executive that selects new methods quickly and optimally in response to changes in a robot’s health and environment. We enable fast and optimal method selection through two complimentary approaches. First, we frame optimal method selection as a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) variant, called an Optimal Conditional CSP (OCCSP). Second, we extend fast CSP search algorithms, such as Dynamic Backtracking and Branch-and-Bound Search, to solve OCCSPs. Experiments on an autonomous rover test-bed and on randomly generated plans show
Reasons for Hospitalization of Sickle Cell Disease Patients in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: A Single-Center Study

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is among the prevalent chronic diseases in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. To our knowledge, there is no published research that reports the reasons for hospitalization in the Eastern Province of the country. Therefore, this study aimed to fill this gap. Design and methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted in the period from January 2018 to December 2019. Patients with sickle cell disease who were admitted and treated in the hospital were included in this study. Patients’ sociodemographic data and reasons for hospitalization were collected and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences, version 21 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: There were 103 SCD patients, and the age range was from 18 to 62 years old. The majority of the patients were males (56.3%) and were in the younger age group (≤30 years old; 60.2%). The results showed that the most frequent cause of admission was a vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) (n=94, 91.3%), followed by acute chest syndrome (ACS) (n=32, 31.1%), and then by hemolytic crisis (27 of the cases; 26.2%). However, we found that a higher number of hip avascular necrosis (AVN) cases were statistically significant in relation to the higher number of hospital admissions (p<0.05), whereas other reasons were not found to have a statistically significant association. Conclusion: The most frequent cause of admission was VOC episodes, followed by ACS, and then by hemolytic crises. Also, a higher number of hip AVN episodes were statistically significant with the higher number of hospital admissions.
Ambient Noise Tomography of Upper Crustal Structures and Quaternary Faults in the Seoul Metropolitan Area and Its Geological Implications

We investigate the upper‐crustal seismic velocity structure in the Seoul metropolitan area, where about 20 million people live. The Chugaryeong fault zone (CFZ) is placed in this area, but the seismic hazard potential remains unclear. We conducted ambient noise tomography to illuminate the high‐resolution upper‐crustal structure in the Seoul metropolitan area. We analyzed continuous vertical seismic records for ∼5 months from a dense seismic array with 77 broadband stations. Group velocity dispersion curves and tomographic maps were extracted between 0.5 and 10 s periods. We inverted 3‐D group velocity tomography models up to a depth of ∼10 km from the group velocity maps. The shear‐wave velocity model is consistent with the geological features. High‐velocity anomalies at shallow depths are correlated with the surface topography and geology. The CFZ is located at a low velocity below the 5 km depth and presented as the simplified model. The large VS contrast regions are located beneath NS‐trending faults. The cross‐sections coincide with the near‐vertical strike‐slip faults in this area. In the southern region of the Seoul metropolitan area, low‐velocity anomalies correlate with high heat flow regions. Our results effectively suggest high resolution upper‐crustal structures and subsurface hidden faults in the urban area.
Repeated Water Entry Shocks on High-Speed Planing Boats.

Abstract : The occupants of high-speed planing boats (HSPBs) are exposed to repeated shock impacts that result from hull slamming during operations in rough water. The development and application of injury/performance prediction methods and standards to HSPB operation are discussed. Tests conducted at sea to quantify repeated shocks are described and results are presented. The applicability of scale model tests and the development of computer simulations are discussed. Relationships between test data and existing and proposed standards and models for injury potential are discussed. Recommendations for additional testing and development are presented.
COVID-19 Infection and Symptoms Among Emergency Medicine Residents and Fellows in an Urban Academic Hospital Setting: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study

Background COVID-19, an illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, affected many aspects of health care worldwide in 2020. From March to May 2020, New York City experienced a large surge of cases. Objective The aim of this study is to characterize the prevalence of illness and symptoms experienced by residents and fellows in 2 New York City hospitals during the period of March to May 2020. Methods An institutional review board–exempt survey was distributed to emergency medicine housestaff in May 2020, and submissions were accepted through August 2020. Results Out of 104 residents and fellows, 64 responded to our survey (a 61.5% response rate). Out of 64 responders, 27 (42%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Most residents experienced symptoms that are consistent with COVID-19; however, few received polymerase chain reaction testing. Out of 27 housestaff with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 18 (67%) experienced fever and chills, compared with 8 out of 34 housestaff (24%) without SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Of the 27 housestaff with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 19 (70%) experienced loss of taste and smell, compared with 2 out of 34 housestaff (6%) without SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Both fever and chills and loss of taste and smell were significantly more commonly experienced by antibody-positive compared to antibody-negative housestaff (P=.002 and <.001, respectively). All 13 housestaff who reported no symptoms during the study period tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that in our hospitals, the rate of COVID-19 illness among emergency department housestaff was much higher than previously reported. Further studies are needed to characterize illness among medical staff in emergency departments across the nation. The high infection rate among emergency medicine trainees stresses the importance of supplying adequate personal protective equipment for health care professionals.
DO ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTMENTS FOR PRODUCTION PAY OFF? A STUDY IN VIETNAM’S SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES

Environmental preservation is one of the top priorities of the United Nations’ sustainable development goals (SDGs). Environmental investments for production not only demonstrate corporate commitment to these universally accepted goals but also create a safe and healthy work environment for workers. However, previous studies have shown positive and negative effects of environmental investments for production on firm-level labor productivity. This paper aims to investigate how environmental investments for production influence labor productivity in Vietnamese manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). An analysis of 1176 valid responses by business owners or managers in Vietnam’s manufacturing SMEs shows that environmental investment costs are positively associated with labor productivity. The results also confirm that labor productivity is affected by capital intensity, firm size and firm age. We realize that the impact of environmental investments for production on labor productivity is more advantageous in SMEs with higher capital intensity. Based on these research findings, SME-supporting policies should enable SMEs to get more capital to implement workplace environment investments, which lead to labor productivity and contribute to pollution control.
Breakup of (non-) Newtonian droplets in a time-dependent elongational flow

Within (food) industry, blending is often used to obtain the desired product properties. Besides the material properties of the phases, the rheology of the final product largely depends on the micro-structure formed during processing. This micro-structure is the result of coalescence and break-up of the dispersed phase during processing. The latter has been studied extensively for Newtonian two-phase systems in quasi-steady, linear 2D flows, resulting in a 'Grace'-curve [1]. Given the interfacial tension and the viscosities, this curve defines for quasi-steady flows the critical shear rate at which a stable drop shape ceases to exist, leading to break-up. However, the flow conditions encountered by the blends, both during the initial mixing and in the subsequent processing equipment, are usually not quasi-steady, and the phases are often visco-elastic. Thorough investigation of a time-dependent break-up process has been performed by Stone, Bentley and Leal [2-3], who subjected Newtonian drops to step-wise changes in flow conditions. In the present study, the break-up behavior in a more realistic, although still simplified flow is analyzed. To this end, a single droplet is subjected to a Newtonian, hyperbolic flow, applying a triangular strain rate - time profile, comparable to the profile applied by de Bruijn in simple shear [4]; the strain rate is increased monotonically at a certain finite rate from zero to a super-critical flow, after which the flow rate is decreased at the same rate to zero. The deformation of the droplet and the occurrence of break-up depend on the time interval during which the critical capillary number is exceeded, as well as the magnitude of this excess. In addition, preliminary results will be presented on deformation and break-up of visco-elastic drops in hyperbolic Newtonian flow, showing a separate influence of the characteristic time of the flow and the elongation rate.
Exploring the Factors Influencing the Selection of Traditional Travel Agencies: A Case of Banjarmasin, Indonesia

Highly developed online facilities by travel agents have grown drastically over the past years. Internet is taking over the businesses of traditional travel agents in their existing as well as emerging markets. Due to the dynamic and diverse nature of technology, the travellers are seeking to optimize their travel attitude in an effective manner while implicating several threats. Amidst all changes, this study investigated the attitude of Indonesian travellers visiting traditional travel agents. A self-administrated online survey was used to collect the data from local travellers of Banjarmasin, Indonesia. A sample of 277 respondents showed a significant relationship between the expertise of travel agents, handling capacity, technological adoption towards visiting traditional travel agents. Interestingly, the social interaction factor has no significant influence. Further, the analysis identified that secure transaction shows a partial mediating effect between travellers visiting traditional travel agents and their habitual selection behaviour. The results of the study indicate that Indonesian travellers have an overall positive attitude towards traditional travel agencies due to their expertise and handling capacity of travel services. An important finding reveals transactional security as a vital factor in habitual selection behaviour of Indonesian travellers. In future, there is a necessity for a holistic approach towards the understanding of both demand and supply perspectives of travel services.
Performance Evaluation of Laser Guided Land Leveler in Vertisols of Central India

Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of laser guided land leveler for land leveling and grading operations to determine its effect on water requirements and yield of selected crops. Comparison was made with fields in which leveling/grading was done conventionally with drag scraper and also with unleveled fields. The standard deviation of reduced levels and leveling index values ranged from 0.43 to 0.50 cm and 0.29 to 0.34 cm respectively in case of fields leveled/graded by laser guided land leveler. In case of conventional method, the standard deviation of reduced levels and leveling index ranged from 1.39 to 2.81 cm and 0.92 to 2.13 cm respectively. Field capacity of the laser guided land leveler, both in terms of area covered and volume of soil handled per hour was less as compared to conventional leveling/gradingby drag scraper of same size. The cost of leveling by laser guided land leveler was about 50% higher in case of land leveling operation and nearly double in case of land grading operations as compared to conventional leveling and grading. In the case of paddy crop, land leveling by laser guided land leveler resulted in much lesser variations in height of standing water as a result of which 16.67% water saving was observed per irrigation. Crop yields were higher in case of fields laser leveled and graded fields. However, differences were significant in the case of paddy and pigeon pea crop only.
The functional post-op rehabilitation results in the trimalleolar ankle fracture: A one-year follow-up of the case

The aim of this study was to evaluate the one-year results of the effects of an eight-week functional rehabilitation program on pain, swelling, range of motion, balance, fear of movement, functional status of the ankle, and quality of life in a patient with a surgically treated trimalleolar ankle fracture. In the study, pain (Visual Analogue Scale), ankle joint swelling (Figure of eight methods), range of motion (Universal goniometer), static balance performance (Flamingo Balance Test), fear of movement (Tampa Kinesophobia Scale), functional status of the ankle (Foot Function Index) and quality of life (SF-36 Health Survey) were assessed. An eight-week functional rehabilitation program was applied to the patient after 8th week from surgery. Assessments were repeated before and after functional rehabilitation program, and at the one-year follow-up. At the end of the functional rehabilitation program and in one-year follow-up, it was found that pain, swelling, and fear of movement decreased, range of motion, balance, functional status of the ankle, and quality of life increased. In trimalleolar ankle fractures, a well-planned functional physiotherapy and rehabilitation program after surgery can support surgical treatment by reducing the patient's symptoms and fear of movement, increasing functional capacity and quality of life.
Influence of Brand Equity and Service Quality on Purchase Decisions on Garuda Indonesia Airline Services

Airlines business growth rapidly in Indonesia and makes all of the airlines service company try to compete to be the best. Quality of service has been a key on marketing topic. Branding is one of the interesting topics for study also because branding is a competitive strategy. The purpose of this study is to examine influence of brand equity and service quality of purchase decision of Garuda Indonesia airlines. The samples for the study were 110 people who already using Garuda Indonesia airlines service at least once. Method of data collection using online questionnaire by Google Forms with Likert Scale 1-10. The techniques of data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) AMOS program version 21.0 to verify the causality of two research hypothesis. The result of this research indicates that there was no influence between brand equity and purchase decision. Moreover, the research also indicates there was no influence between service quality and purchase decision.
The Role of Leadership, Organizational Citizenship Behavioral and Work Environment in Improving Employee Job Satisfaction

Early 2020 was marked by the outbreak of the Covid 19 pandemic throughout the world in general and Indonesia in particular. All parties work together to be able to cope with the Covid 19 pandemic outbreak. One of the institutions that has an important role in handling the Covid 19 pandemic is an institution engaged in the health sector, such as independent practice places for health workers, community health centers, clinics, hospitals, pharmacies, blood transfusion units, health laboratories, optics, service facilities. Medicine for legal purposes, and traditional health care facilities (PP No. 47/2016 Article 4). All health facilities are making every effort to be able to provide assistance to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to analyze and determine the impact of leadership, organizational citizenship behavioral and work environment on employee job satisfaction at Dr. Rawap Inap Clinic. M. Suherman, University of Muhammadiyah Jember. The study population was all employees of the Rawap Inap Clinic dr. M. SUherman Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, amounting to 70 employees consisting of doctors, nurses and administrative staff as well as office boys. The number of samples in this study were 34 respondents who had filled out a questionnaire sent by google form. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the work environment has an effect on employee job satisfaction. Leadership and organizational citizenship behavioral do not have a significant effect on employee satisfaction.
Safety of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in COVID-19: An Update

Background: Safety of use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear. Objective: To review the most recent data regarding safety of use of DPP-4 inhibitors before and during hospitalization of patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19