Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Co-Administration of nalbuphine to improve morphine tolerance in mice with bone cancer pain

Background Kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) agonists are known for having opposite and/or different effects compared with Mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists. This study is aimed at clarifying the analgesic effect and tolerance of nalbuphine combined with morphine, and quantifying the mRNA and protein expression of spinal MOR and KOR in a mouse bone cancer pain (BCP) model treated with nalbuphine and morphine. Method BCP model was prepared in C3H/HeNCrlVr Mice by implanting the sarcoma cells into the intramedullary space of the femur. The paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWL) measured by thermal radiometer was used to assess thermal hyperalgesia. PWL testing was performed after implantation and drug administration according to the protocol. Hematoxylin-eosin staining in the spinal cord and x-ray in the femoral intramedullary canal was detected. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis played a role in detecting spinal MOR and KOR expression changes. Results In tumor-implanted mice, the spinal MOR and KOR protein and mRNA expression was down-regulated when compared to that in sham-implanted mice (p < 0.05). Morphine therapy can lead to a decrease in spinal μ receptor expression. Similarly, the nalbuphine therapy can lead to a decrease in the expression of κ receptor protein and mRNA at the spinal cord level (p < 0.05). Morphine, nalbuphine, or nalbuphine co-administration with morphine all can extend the paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWL) to radiant thermal stimulation in tumor-implanted mice (p < 0.05). Compared with the morphine treatment group, nalbuphine co-administration with morphine delayed the reduction of PWL value again (p < 0.05). Discussion BCP itself may induce down-regulation of the spinal MOR and KOR expression. A low dose of nalbuphine co-administration with morphine led to the delayed emergence of morphine tolerance. The part of the mechanism may be due to the regulation of spinal opioid receptors expression.
Interventions for Trauma-Related Nightmare: Where Are We Now?

© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CINP. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com Received for publication: February 22, 2023. Accepted: May 18, 2023. Editorial decision: May 17, 2023. Letter to Editor
The Differential Diagnostic Value of Radiomics Signatures Between Single-Nodule Pulmonary Metastases and Second Primary Lung Cancer in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Background Differential diagnosis of single-nodule pulmonary metastasis (SNPM) and second primary lung cancer (SPLC) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) prior to lung surgery is relatively complex. Radiomics is an emerging technique for image information analysis, while it has not yet been applied to construct a differential diagnostic model between SNPM and SPLC in patients with CRC. In the present study, we aimed to extract radiomics signatures from thin-section computed tomography (CT) images of the chest. These radiomics signatures were combined with clinical features to construct a composite differential diagnostic model. Method A total of 91 patients with CRC, including 66 patients with SNPM and 25 patients with SPLC, were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to the training cohort (n = 63) and validation cohort (n = 28) at a ratio of 7 to 3. Moreover, 107 radiomics features were extracted from the chest thin-section CT images. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to filter these features, and clinical features were screened by univariate analysis. The screened radiomics and clinical features were combined to construct a multifactorial logistic regression composite model. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were adopted to evaluate the models, and the corresponding nomograms were created. Results A series of 6 radiomics characteristics was screened by LASSO. After univariate logistic regression analysis, the composite model finally included 4 radiomics features and 4 clinical features. In the training cohort, the area under the curve scores of ROC curves were 0.912 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.813-0.969), 0.884 (95% CI: 0.778-0.951), and 0.939 (95% CI: 0.848-0.984) for models derived from radiomics, clinical, and combined features, respectively. Similarly, these values were 0.756 (95% CI: 0.558-0.897), 0.888 (95% CI: 0.711-0.975), and 0.950 (95% CI: 0.795-0.997) in the validation cohort, respectively. Conclusions We constructed a model for differential diagnosis of SNPM and SPLC in patients with CRC using radiomics and clinical features. Moreover, our findings provided a new assessment tool for patients with CRC in the future.
Effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions among persons with cancer: A systematic review

Continued smoking after cancer diagnosis is associated with worse outcomes, however, many persons diagnosed with cancer who smoke are unable to quit successfully. Effective interventions are needed to promote quitting in this population. The purpose of this systematic review is to understand the most effective interventions for smoking cessation among persons with cancer and to identify gaps in knowledge and methodology to suggest directions for future research.
Effects of opposition control on generation of streamwise vortices in near-wall turbulence

The near-wall quasi-streamwise vortices are closely related with the generation of high skin-friction at the wall in turbulent flows, and it is found that in the controlled, friction- reduced turbulent flows, the quasi-streamwise vortices are greatly attenuated. But the mechanism for the attenuation of the quasi- streamwise vortices by the active manipulation is still ambiguous. In present study, the streak transient growth (STG) mechanism to generate near-wall streamwise vortices proposed by Schoppa & Hussain (2002) is employed, and the opposition control proposed by Choi (1994) is imposed during the transient growth process of the perturbation to the low-speed streak to disclose how the active control affects the generation of quasi-streamwise vortices. It is found that the mechanism of vortex attenuation by the opposition control is closely related to the suppression of vortex stretching.
Artificial intelligence-assisted analysis for tumor-immune interaction within the invasive margin of colorectal cancer

Abstract Background In colorectal cancer (CRC), both tumor invasion and immunological analysis at the tumor invasive margin (IM) are significantly associated with patient prognosis, but have traditionally been reported independently. We propose a new scoring system, the TGP-I score, to assess the association and interactions between tumor growth pattern (TGP) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes at the IM and to predict its prognostic validity for CRC patient stratification. Materials and Methods The types of TGP were assessed in hematoxylin and eosin-stained whole-slide images. The CD3+ T-cells density at the IM was automatically quantified on immunohistochemical-stained slides using a deep learning method. A discovery (N = 347) and a validation (N = 132) cohorts were used to evaluate the prognostic value of the TGP-I score for overall survival. Results The TGP-I score3 (trichotomy) was an independent prognostic factor, with higher TGP-I score3 associated with worse prognosis in the discovery (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] for high vs. low 3.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.22–5.90; p < 0.001) and validation cohort (unadjusted HR for high vs. low 5.79, 95% CI 1.84–18.20; p = 0.003). The relative contribution of each parameter to predicting survival was analyzed. The TGP-I score3 had similar importance compared to tumor-node-metastasis staging (31.2% vs. 32.9%) and was stronger than other clinical parameters. Conclusions This automated workflow and the proposed TGP-I score could further provide accurate prognostic stratification and have potential value for supporting the clinical decision-making of stage I–III CRC patients. Key messages A new scoring system, the TGP-I score, was proposed to assess the association and interactions of TGP and TILs at the tumor invasive margin. TGP-I score could be an independent predictor of prognosis for CRC patients, with higher scores being associated with worse survival. TGP-I score had similar importance compared to tumor-node-metastasis staging and was stronger than other clinical parameters.
Altered interictal serum histamine and immunoglobulin E but unchanged tryptase levels in individuals with episodic and chronic migraine

Abstract Background Serum histamine, immunoglobulin E, and tryptase are markers of allergic diseases. Despite the reported association between migraine and allergic diseases, differences in these marker levels between episodic and chronic migraines remain unelucidated. Methods We investigated serum histamine, immunoglobulin E, and tryptase levels in 97 and 96 participants with episodic migraine and chronic migraine, respectively, and 56 controls according to the presence of allergic diseases. Results Serum histamine levels in episodic migraine (median and interquartile ranges, 0.78 [0.65–1.25] ng/mL, p < 0.001) and chronic migraine (0.89 [0.67–1.28] ng/mL, p < 0.001) participants were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (1.19 [0.81–2.08] ng/mL) among the 160 participants without allergic diseases. Serum immunoglobulin E levels in episodic migraine and chronic migraine participants with allergic diseases negatively correlated with headache frequency (correlation coefficient = −0.263, p = 0.017). Serum histamine levels in participants with allergic diseases and serum immunoglobulin E levels in participants without allergic diseases were not significantly different among episodic migraine, chronic migraine, and control groups. Serum tryptase levels did not significantly differ among episodic migraine, chronic migraine, and control participants with and without allergic diseases. Conclusions Altered serum histamine and immunoglobulin E levels in episodic migraine and chronic migraine and different profiles concerning allergic diseases suggest the involvement of allergic mechanisms in migraine pathogenesis.
Association of embolization with long-term outcomes in brain arteriovenous malformations: a propensity score-matched analysis using nationwide multicenter prospective registry data

Background: Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) account for 25% of hemorrhagic strokes in young adults. Although embolization has been widely performed as a stand-alone procedure to cure brain AVM, it is undermined whether patients benefit from this treatment. This study aimed to compare the long-term outcome of hemorrhagic stroke or death in patients with either conservative management or stand-alone embolization for AVM. Methods: The study population was derived from a nationwide multicenter prospective collaboration registry (the MATCH registry) between August 2011 and August 2021. The propensity score-matched survival analysis was performed in the overall and stratified AVM cases (unruptured and ruptured), respectively, to compare the long-term outcome of hemorrhagic stroke or death, and neurological status. The efficacy of distinct embolization strategies was also evaluated. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CI were calculated using Fine-Gray competing risk models. Results: Of the 3682 consecutive AVMs, 906 underwent either conservative management or embolization as the stand-alone management strategy. After propensity score matching, a total of 622 (311 pairs) patients constituted an overall cohort. The unruptured and ruptured subgroups were composed of 288 cases (144 pairs) and 252 cases (126 pairs), respectively. In the overall cohort, embolization did not prevent long-term hemorrhagic stroke or death compared with conservative management [2.07 vs. 1.57 per 100 patient-years; HR, 1.28 (95% CI, 0.81–2.04)]. Similar results were maintained in both unruptured AVMs [1.97 vs. 0.93 per 100 patient-years; HR, 2.09 (95% CI, 0.99–4.41)] and ruptured AVMs [2.36 vs. 2.57 per 100 patient-years; HR, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.39–1.48)]. Stratified analysis showed that the target embolization might be beneficial for unruptured AVMs [HR, 0.42 (95% CI, 0.08–2.29)], while the curative embolization improved the outcome of ruptured AVMs [HR, 0.29 (95% CI, 0.10-0.87)]. The long-term neurological status was similar between these two strategies. Conclusions: This prospective cohort study did not support a substantial superiority of embolization over conservative management for AVMs in preventing long-term hemorrhagic stroke or death.
Extremum-Seeking Optimisation for Fluidic Jet-Noise Control

In this work we use an extremum-seeking algorithm to optimise a fluidic jet-noise controller. The device, which we call a fluidevron, has been shown to produce reductions in jet noise which are comparable with those achieved using conventional microjets, but the underlying flow-physics have been shown to be very different (see Laurendeau et al. for details). A negative effect produced by the control comprises a high-frequency noise increase. The extremum-seeking algorithm is used to optimise the control either for maximum low-frequency noise-reduction, or for maximum overall noise-reduction. This is achieved through a specification of the frequency-range over which noise reduction is sought. The extremum-seeking is shown to perform well, producing flows with integrated low-frequency gains of the order of 2.5dB when tuned for maximum low-frequency benefit, and flows where the high frequency penalty is virtually eliminated when tuned for maximum spectral range. The extremum-seeking is then implemented using metrics computed from farfield microphones at different polar stations; the control effect is thus found to be omnidirectional. This shows that there is no directional bias in the response of the source mechanisms to the actuation. Finally, the relationship between noise reduction and flow-rate is studied and found to be non-linear: the source mechanisms are most receptive at low flow-rate, a saturation point being reached after which the actuation no longer has any control authority over the source dynamics.
Feasibility and acceptability of bubble continuous positive airway pressure oxygen therapy for the treatment of childhood severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia in Bangladeshi children

Background Effective management of hypoxaemia is key to reducing pneumonia deaths in children. In an intensive care setting within a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh, bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) oxygen therapy was beneficial in reducing deaths in this population. To inform a future trial, we investigated the feasibility of introducing bCPAP in this population in non-tertiary/district hospitals in Bangladesh. Methods We conducted a qualitative assessment using a descriptive phenomenological approach to understand the structural and functional capacity of the non-tertiary hospitals (Institute of Child and Mother Health and Kushtia General Hospital) for the clinical use of bCPAP. We conducted interviews and focus group discussions (23 nurses, seven physicians, 14 parents). We retrospectively (12 months) and prospectively (three months) measured the prevalence of severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia in children attending the two study sites. For the feasibility phase, we enrolled 20 patients with severe pneumonia (age two to 24 months) to receive bCPAP, putting in place safeguards to identify risk. Results Retrospectively, while 747 of 3012 (24.8%) children had a diagnosis of severe pneumonia, no pulse oxygen saturation information was available. Of 3008 children prospectively assessed with pulse oximetry when attending the two sites, 81 (3.7%) had severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia. The main structural challenges to implementation were the inadequate number of pulse oximeters, lack of power generator backup, high patient load with an inadequate number of hospital staff, and inadequate and non-functioning oxygen flow meters. Functional challenges were the rapid turnover of trained clinicians in the hospitals, limited post-admission routine care for in-patients by hospital clinicians due to their extreme workload (particularly after official hours). The study implemented a minimum of four hourly clinical reviews and provided oxygen concentrators (with backup oxygen cylinders), and automatic power generator backup. Twenty children with a mean age of 6.7 (standard deviation (SD) = 5.0)) months with severe pneumonia and hypoxaemia (median (md) SpO2 = 87% in room air, interquartile range (IQR) = 85-88)) with cough (100%) and severe respiratory difficulties (100%) received bCPAP oxygen therapy for a median of 16 hours (IQR = 6-16). There were no treatment failures or deaths. Conclusions Implementation of low-cost bCPAP oxygen therapy is feasible in non-tertiary/district hospitals when additional training and resources are allocated.
Stimulus Relatedness in Equivalence Classes: Interaction of Nodality and Contingency

Stimuli in equivalence classes are functionally interchangeable, and thus suggest that the class members are equally related to each other. A growing number of experimental findings, however, have shown that under appropriate conditions of testing, the relational strength of the stimuli in an equivalence class may be determined by the nodal structure of the class and the number of nodes the separate the stimuli in a multinodal class. Data that support this view have been obtained (a) during the delayed emergence of classes, (b) during gradual transfer of functions after class formation, (c) from the reaction times displayed by derived relations that varied in nodal number during and after class formation, (d) by derived relations in the absence of class formation, (e) from retrospective reports of reinforcer presentations during derived relations probes, (f) from brain imaging studies that showed unique areas of cortical activation produced by post-class formation probes of baseline and derived relations, (g) within class preference tests that pitted relations of different nodal numbers, and (g) the results of response transfer tests that bifurcated multinodal equivalence classes in precise accordance with nodal structure. Taken together, the data suggest that the stimuli in an equivalence class acquire two functions: one class based, and the other nodally based. Performances reflective of each are under the discriminative control of test trials that had different formats. When the format signals the primacy of between-class variables, only one response option is available per class, and the stimuli in the class produce responding indicative of the interchangeability, and the equal relatedness of the stimuli in the class. When the trial format signal the primacy of within-class variables, at least two response options are available per class, and the stimuli and relations produce differential responding that are inverse functions of nodality which indicate the unequal relatedness of the stimuli in the class.
On the mechanisms of noise reduction in aerofoil-turbulence interaction by using wavy leading edges

A novel aerofoil leading-edge profile based on wavy (sinusoidal) protuberances/tubercles is investigated numerically to understand its effectiveness for the reduction of aerofoilturbulence interaction noise. Non-lifting flat-plate aerofoils with straight and wavy leading edges (denoted by SLE and WLE, respectively) are employed and subjected to an impinging turbulence that is synthetically generated in the upstream zone. A full three-dimensional Euler (inviscid) simulations are performed for this study in order to avoid developing selfnoise due to viscosity. The free-stream Mach number is set to 0.24. A high-order accurate finite-difference based solver and artefact-free boundary conditions are used in the current simulations. Various frequency-spectra and statistical analysis are implemented in order to investigate and understand the noise reduction mechanisms.
Integrated Weed Management in Maize+Blackgram Intercropping System

In maize+blackgram intercropping system, application of alachlor at 3 kg ha−1 fb hand weeding on 30 DAS performed significantly superior to fluchloralin, pendimethalin and twice hand weeding and increased the maize kernel yield by 3.16 times and blackgram grain yield by 3.3 times compared to unweeded control. All the integrated treatments performed significantly superior to twice hand weeding.
Association between vitamin D deficiency and vasovagal syncope: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is the most prevalent type of syncope and its management includes pharmacologic and non‐pharmacologic interventions. Recently, studies have investigated vitamin D levels in VVS patients. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we aim to review these studies to find possible associations between vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D levels with VVS. International databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase were searched with keywords related to “vasovagal syncope” and “vitamin D. ” Studies were screened and the data were extracted from them. Random‐effect meta‐analysis was conducted to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for vitamin D levels in comparison to VVS patients and controls. Also, VVS occurrence was measured and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated for comparison of vitamin D deficient cases and nondeficient individuals. Six studies were included with 954 cases investigated. Meta‐analysis showed that patients with VVS had significantly lower vitamin D serum levels in comparison to non‐VVS cases (SMD −1.05, 95% CI −1.54 to −0.57, p‐value < .01). Moreover, VVS occurrence was higher in vitamin D‐deficient individuals (OR 5.43, 95% CI 2.40 to 12.27, p‐value < .01). Our findings which show lower vitamin D levels in VVS patients can have clinical implications in order for clinicians to pay attention to this when approaching VVS. Further randomized controlled trials are certainly warranted to assess the role of vitamin D supplementation in individuals with VVS.