Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flood-Irrigated Rice Response to Fertilizer-Phosphorus Sources in a Phosphorus-Deficient Silt-Loam Soil

Phosphorus (P) is an essential plant macronutrient that is commonly applied as a fertilizer for optimal crop production. As the global supply of fertilizer-P sources, mainly derived from mined rock phosphate (RP), is decreasing, alternative nutrient sources need to be developed and tested, such a wastewater-recovered struvite-P materials. The objective of this greenhouse study was to evaluate below-and aboveground rice ( Oryza sativa ) response to various fertilizer-P sources [ i.e., mono-and diammonium phosphate (MAP and DAP, respectively), triple superphosphate (TSP), RP, electrochemically and chemically precipitated struvite (ECST and CPST, respectively), and an unamended control (UC) ] under flood-irrigation in a P-deficient, silt-loam soil. Of the 17 belowground properties evaluated, eight differed ( P < 0.05) among fertilizer-P sources, while three were at least numerically largest from CPST. Of the 17 aboveground properties evaluated, six differed ( P < 0.05) among fertilizer-P sources and all six were at least numerically largest from MAP or DAP. For all 22 rice properties that differed ( P < 0.05) among fertilizer-P-sources, either ECST, CPST, or both had a similar response to TSP, DAP, and/or MAP, while belowground P and calcium (Ca) and grain potassium (K) concentrations from CPST were greater ( P < 0.05) than from TSP, DAP, or MAP. Results demonstrated that struvite-P sources (i.e., ECST and CPST) are a viable, alternative fertilizer-P source, as evidenced by the large frequency of similar rice responses to other commercially available fertilizer-P sources commonly used for flood-irrigated rice production on a silt-loam soil in Arkansas (i.e., TSP, DAP, or MAP).
Reliability and Validity of Observational Methods for Postural Load Assessment: An Updated Systematic Review

Context: Defined by several physiological and anatomical contributors, posture is essentially an accurate indicator of health status that is most frequently highlighted by affecting the configuration and operations of internal systems and organs. Quantifying body position has always been highlighted in clinical, academic, and industrial contexts, and various posture analysis approaches have been developed throughout the years. Objectives: This study aims to establish the reliability and validity of several novel observational approaches to postural load assessment and provide an overall view of related trends. Methods: This review was designed and conducted following (PRISMA) guidelines and five databases were surveyed, namely PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL, Ergonomic Abstracts, and EMBASE, utilizing both generic and specific search terms modified for each database. Articles introducing a novel approach to observational postural load analysis and concepts of reliability and validity of the introduced method were included. Cross-sectional, case-control, experimental, and controlled trial designs were considered. Studies were excluded if they were exclusively based on subjective approaches. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the MacDermid checklist. Similarly, reliability, measurement error, content validity, and criterion validity were assessed using COSMIN (Consensus-based Standards for selecting health Measurement Instruments) boxes B, C, D, and H, respectively. Results: Twenty-five articles were selected for the final review. The studies mainly reported ICC for reliability and r and r2 for validity. The results on the MacDermid quality evaluation tool varied from 38 to 80%, with a mean of 61.60 ± 11.54%. Regarding the COSMIN checklists, the scores were 61.40 ± 10.39%, 59.16 ± 11.35%, 64 ± 16.07%, and 57.12 ± 15.19% for boxes B, C, D, and H, respectively. Some studies did not obtain high scores for specified inclusion and exclusion criteria and appropriate sample size, leading to a moderate quality rating in checklists. Conclusions: Drawing comprehensive conclusions by directly comparing and contrasting observational techniques can be challenging due to their unique strengths, limitations, and inconsistencies. Such variations may arise from the methods’ characteristics, such as the fields, settings, populations, and the evaluated risk factors.
Apparent Cytotoxicity and Intrinsic Cytotoxicity of Lipid Nanomaterials Contained in a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine

The medicinal preparation called Comirnaty by Pfizer-BioNTech is an aqueous dispersion of lipid nanomaterials, intended to constitute, after thawing and dilution, the finished product for intramuscular injection. In the present study, we examine some evident chemical-physical criticalities of the preparation, particularly regarding the apparent and the intrinsic pKa (acid dissociation constant) of its main excipient, the ionizable cationic lipid ALC-0315. The very high value of its intrinsic pKa causes, after internalization and endosomal escape of LNPs, a sudden increase of its cationic charge concentration and consequently the formation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS (reactive oxygen species), that can disrupt the mitochondrial membrane and release its content, cause RNA mistranslation, polymerization of proteins and DNA, DNA mutations, destruction of the nuclear membrane and consequent release of its content. Additionally, the apparently low pKa value (6.09) of ALC-0315 associated with other lipids in the LNP, is not suitable for intramuscular application. Its value is too low to enable a proper transfection of host cells, despite what is stated by EMA (European Medicines Agency) in its Assessment report dated 19 February 2021, in flagrant contradiction with the same bibliographic source therein cited. Furthermore, the exceptional penetrability, mobility, chemical reactivity and systemic accumulation of uncontrollable cationic lipid nanoparticles, with high cytotoxicity levels, shed in unpredictable biological locations, even far from the site of inoculation, are all factors that can lead to an unprecedented medical disaster. Meanwhile, further immediate studies and verifications are recommended, taking into consideration, in accordance with the precautionary principle, the immediate suspension of vaccinations with the COVID-19 mRNA- LNP-based vaccines.
Effects of stream network topology on fish assemblage structure and bioassessment sensitivity in the mid-Atlantic highlands, USA

Stream fish assemblages exist within stream networks defined by the size and proximity of connected streams (i.e., stream network topology). The spatial position of sites within stream networks may therefore regulate opportunities for fish dispersal to access distant resources or colonize “new” habitats. Such inter-stream dispersal dynamics will influence local fish assemblage structure and the vulnerability of local assemblages to anthropogenic stressors. In this dissertation, I explored the effects of stream network topology on fish assemblage structure in the mid-Atlantic highlands, USA and tested the hypothesis that dispersal would affect the sensitivity of fish-based environmental quality assessments (i.e., bioassessments). In chapter 1, I evaluated the effects of stream networks by comparing fish assemblages between sites with and without large downstream confluences (>3 order) in western Virginia, USA (i.e., mainstem tributaries and headwater tributaries, respectively). I found that local species richness was higher in mainstem tributaries than headwater tributaries and that these effects could not be explained by variation in local environmental habitat conditions. In chapter 2, I developed and applied a continuous model of stream network topology to explore the effects of downstream size and
Predictors of Unmet Needs in Chilean Older People with Dependency: A Cross-Sectional Study

Approximately one in five Chilean older adults has some degree of dependency. Limited evidence is available on self-perceived needs in Latin-American older people. The main aim of this study was to identify predictors of unmet needs of dependent older persons without cognitive impairment, considering personal and primary informal caregivers’ factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 77 dyads of older people with dependency and their caregivers. A survey was administered, evaluating sociodemographic characteristics, anxious and depressive symptomatology, health-related quality of life, and social support. Older people’s self-reported met and unmet needs and caregivers’ burden and self-efficacy were also assessed. To determine predictors of unmet needs, a multiple regression analysis was carried out. Most participants had mild to moderate levels of dependency. The most frequent unmet needs were “daytime activities” (33.8%), “company” (23.4%), “benefits” (23.4%), and “psychological distress” (24.7%). Older people’s higher level of dependency and anxious symptomatology were predictors of a higher number of unmet needs, with a model whose predictive value was 31%. The high prevalence of anxious symptomatology and its relationship with the presence of unmet needs highlight the importance of making older people’s psychological and social needs visible and addressing them promptly.
The Influence of Training and Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction

Modern company issues faced by Human Resource (HR) are often caused by a lack of attention to assessment training, employee focus is not only salary but also healthy work and sustainable stress, meanwhile a highly competitive business makes the company depend on committed people and their sustained performance. This study aims to determine training and organizational commitment that affect employee performance through job satisfaction. The research method was quantitative while the population was 41 employees from PT. Inti Beton, and the sample was the entire population. Questionnaires were used as the research instrument and the data analysis technique used is IBM SPSS Statistics software. Analysis techniques used in this research were t-test, f test, simple and multiple regression analysis, and path analysis. The result of this study found that training and organizational commitment had a significant and positive influence on employee performance, and training and organizational commitment had a significant and positive influence on job satisfaction. This research implies several things, first perhaps training that increases employee performance, such as deepening worker knowledge, or reducing errors in the use of tools such as human error, job satisfaction related to employee perceptions of how good and how important the work is. It also leads to an increase in an employee’s commitment to the organization.
Development and applications of novel strategies for the enhanced mass spectrometric quantification of biogenic amines

Background: Disturbance of the circadian rhythm has been associated with disease states, such as metabolic disorders, depression and cancer. Quantification of the circadian markers such as melatonin and cortisol critically depend on reliable and reproducible analytical methods. Previously, melatonin and cortisol were primarily analyzed separately, mainly using immunoassays. Methods: Here we describe the validation and application of a high-throughput LC-MS/MS method for the combined analysis of melatonin and cortisol in plasma and saliva. The LC-MS/MS method was validated according to international validation guidelines. We used this method to analyze total plasma, free plasma (as obtained by equilibrium dialysis) and saliva melatonin and cortisol in healthy adults. Results: Validation results for plasma and saliva melatonin and cortisol were well within the international validation criteria. We observed no difference between saliva collected by passive drooling or Salivette. Moreover, we noted a significant difference in saliva versus free plasma melatonin. We observed on average 36% (95% CI: 4 – 60%) higher salivary melatonin levels in comparison to free plasma melatonin, suggestive of local production of melatonin in the salivary glands. Conclusions: The novel outcome of this study is probably due to the high precision of our LC-MS/MS assay. These outcomes illustrate the added value of accurate and sensitive mass spectrometry based methods for the quantification of neuroendocrine biomarkers.
The Role of Vitamin D in Skeletal Muscle Repair and Regeneration in Animal Models and Humans: A Systematic Review

Vitamin D deficiency, prevalent worldwide, is linked to muscle weakness, sarcopenia, and falls. Muscle regeneration is a vital process that allows for skeletal muscle tissue maintenance and repair after injury. PubMed and Web of Science were used to search for studies published prior to May 2023. We assessed eligible studies that discussed the relationship between vitamin D, muscle regeneration in this review. Overall, the literature reports strong associations between vitamin D and skeletal myocyte size, and muscle regeneration. In vitro studies in skeletal muscle cells derived from mice and humans showed vitamin D played a role in regulating myoblast growth, size, and gene expression. Animal studies, primarily in mice, demonstrate vitamin D’s positive effects on skeletal muscle function, such as improved grip strength and endurance. These studies encompass vitamin D diet research, genetically modified models, and disease-related mouse models. Relatively few studies looked at muscle function after injury, but these also support a role for vitamin D in muscle recovery. The human studies have also reported that vitamin D deficiency decreases muscle grip strength and gait speed, especially in the elderly population. Finally, human studies reported the benefits of vitamin D supplementation and achieving optimal serum vitamin D levels in muscle recovery after eccentric exercise and surgery. However, there were no benefits in rotator cuff injury studies, suggesting that repair mechanisms for muscle/ligament tears may be less reliant on vitamin D. In summary, vitamin D plays a crucial role in skeletal muscle function, structural integrity, and regeneration, potentially offering therapeutic benefits to patients with musculoskeletal diseases and in post-operative recovery.
Impact of personality on cadet academic and military performance within mediating role of self-efficacy

Background The current operational military environment is changing, complex, unpredictable, and ambiguous. Due to such situations, soldiers are constantly forced to think about their values, norms, and roles that should be part of their profession. Consequently, they must first be educated and trained on how to behave in a particular operational military environment. Pursuing an officer’s education at military academies is very difficult not only physically but also psychologically. Cadets are required to be prepared to lead in extreme environments upon graduation. Despite the fact that military tasks are technically complex, the individual operational activities of soldiers are gaining more and more strategic meaning. Therefore, the importance of selecting the process and military education programs of soldiers is increasingly stressed. Cognitive abilities and skills individually predict performance in academic and professional settings, but it is less clear how personality can influence performance. Therefore, this study focused on the explanation of the individual factors that affect the achievements of the cadets. Specifically, the objective of this study was to examine direct and mediated relationships between personality traits and the military and academic performance of cadets. Methods This study followed a quantitative method analysis. The research models were assessed using the structural equation modeling technique. Bootstrap was applied to evaluate a 95% level confidence interval on estimates with 5,000 bootstrap samples, and to evaluate direct and indirect effects. The analysis was based on a sample of 120 cadets from the Lithuanian Military Academy. The effects on military and academic performance were evaluated using the Self-Efficacy scale, the Big Five personality trait scale, academic performance was evaluated through academic grades and military performance was evaluated using instructor ratings. Results To support our hypotheses, it was found that self-efficacy has a mediating effect on the performance of cadets. Additionally, the traits of conscientiousness, openness to experience and extraversion were related to both military and academic performance. Furthermore, self-efficacy appeared as a partial mediator of the relationship between personality traits and cadet performance. Conclusion The findings of this study help clarify the relationship between the personality traits of the cadets and the military and academic performance. In addition, these results may be useful for the further development of military education and training, for the development of testing, and selection of military personnel.
Évolution du bilan de masse de surface Antarctique par régionalisation physique et conséquences sur les variations du niveau des mers

The Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB, i.e. the snow accumulation from which we subtract ablation by sublimation, run-off or erosion) is a major yet poorly known contribution to changes in the present-day sea level. Water storage by snow accumulation at the top of the icesheet is expected to increase during the 21st century, which would moderate the rise in sea level. Three-quarters of the Antarctic SMB are concentrated below 2000 m above sea level whereas this area represents only 40% of the grounded ice sheet area. Orographic precipitation is a major contributor to snow accumulation in this region, which is why a better estimation of this term is important. The representation of this process by models depends to a great extent on the resolution of the model, since precipitation amounts depend on the ice sheet slopes. Sublimation and snowmelt also depend on elevation. Global and regional atmospheric climate models are unable to achieve a 40-km resolution over Antarctica at a century time scale, due to their computing cost. At this resolution, ice-sheet margins are still badly resolved. That is why we developed the downscaling model SMHiL (surface mass balance high-resolution downscaling), which estimates the Antarctic SMB components at a high resolution (∼15 km) from large-scale atmospheric forcings. We compute the impact of the high-resolution topography on orographic precipitation amounts and on the boundary-layer processes that lead to sublimation, melting and refreezing. To validate SMHiL, we compare our results with more than 2700 field data recently updated and quality-controlled. However, we exhibit that field data below 2000 m above sea level are too scarce to settle SMHiL efficiency. In light of this, we show that the GLACIOCLIM-SAMBA stake lines located on the ice sheet coast-to-plateau area is an appropriate reference to evaluate model performance. Finally, we downscale the atmospheric global climate model LMDZ4 to estimate the SMB changes during the 21st and 22nd centuries. The high-resolution SMB is significantly different from the SMB given by LMDZ4. Our results suggest that running LMDZ4 at a finer resolution may give a future increase in SMB in Antarctica between 15% to 30% higher than at its standard resolution. Future changes in the Antarctic SMB at low elevations will result from the conflict between higher snow accumulation and runoff. The downscaling model is a powerful tool that can be applied to climate models for a better assessment of a future rise in sea level.
The Fundamental Tension in Integrated Information Theory 4.0’s Realist Idealism

Integrated Information Theory (IIT) is currently one of the most influential scientific theories of consciousness. Here, we focus specifically on a metaphysical aspect of the theory’s most recent version (IIT 4.0), what we may call its idealistic ontology, and its tension with a kind of realism about the external world that IIT also endorses. IIT 4.0 openly rejects the mainstream view that consciousness is generated by the brain, positing instead that consciousness is ontologically primary while the physical domain is just “operational”. However, this philosophical position is presently underdeveloped and is not rigorously formulated in IIT, potentially leading to many misinterpretations and undermining its overall explanatory power. In the present paper we aim to address this issue. We argue that IIT’s idealistic ontology should be understood as a specific combination of phenomenal primitivism, reductionism regarding Φ-structures and complexes, and eliminativism about non-conscious physical entities. Having clarified this, we then focus on the problematic tension between IIT’s idealistic ontology and its simultaneous endorsement of realism, according to which there is some kind of external reality independent of our minds. After refuting three potential solutions to this theoretical tension, we propose the most plausible alternative: understanding IIT’s realism as an assertion of the existence of other experiences beyond one’s own, what we call a non-solipsistic idealist realism. We end with concluding remarks and future research avenues.
3000 Years of past regional and local land-use and land-cover change in the southeastern Swedish coastal area: Early human-induced increases in landscape openness as a potential nutrient source to the Baltic Sea coastal waters

Reconstructions of past land use and related land-cover changes at local and regional scales are needed to evaluate the potential long-term impacts of land use on the coastal waters of the Baltic Sea. In this purpose, we selected the Gamleby area at the Swedish Baltic Sea coast for a case study. We use a new, high resolution pollen record from a small lake (Lillsjön) located 3.6 km NNW of the bay Gamlebyviken and detailed analysis of the available archeological data to reconstruct local land-use changes over the last 3000 years. To estimate land-cover change at local (2–3 km radius area) and regional (50 km radius area) scales we use four additional, published pollen records from two small and two large lakes (25–70 km S of Lillsjön) and the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm, a pollen-vegetation modeling scheme. Results show that regional and local (small lakes Lillsjön and Hyttegöl) land-cover changes are comparable over the last 1500 years (Late Iron Age to present), and that landscape openness was much larger locally than regionally (difference of 20–40% cover over the last 500 years). The periods of largest potential impacts on the Gamlebyviken Bay from regional and local land use are 200–950 CE (Late Iron Age) and 1450 CE to present, and of lowest potential impacts 950–1450 CE. The question on whether the large landscape openness 1150–50 BCE and significant afforestation 50 BCE–200 CE reconstructed for Lillsjön’s area are characteristic of the Gamlebyviken region will require additional pollen records in the catchment area.
Morphology, Molecular Phylogeny, and Fungicide Sensitivity of Phytophthora nagaii and P. tentaculata in Korea

Abstract Phytophthora species, classified under Oomycota, cause significant damage to various crops and trees. The present study introduced Phytophthora species, P. nagaii and P. tentaculata, new to Korea, which pose notable risks to their respective host plants. Our research provided a comprehensive description of these species taking into account their cultural features, morphological characteristics, and molecular phylogenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer rDNA region and cytochrome c oxidase subunit mtDNA genes (cox1 and cox2) sequences. In addition, this study first evaluated the sensitivity of P. nagaii and P. tentaculata to five anti-oomycete fungicides, finding both species most responsive to picarbutrazox and P. tentaculata resistant to fluazinam. The data can guide targeted treatment strategies and offer insights into effective control methods. The findings expand our understanding of the diversity, distribution, and management of Phytophthora species in Korea.