Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of coupling conditions for pattern formation in excitable media: study of atrial fibrillation mechanisms and oscillator arrays in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction

Diese Arbeit beschaftigt sich mit dem Ubergang zwischen regularen und irregularen Mustern in Reaktions-Diffusions (RD)-Systemen. Hierbei lag der Fokus der Untersuchung auf der Rolle der Kopplungsbedingungen zwischen mehreren Oszillatoren fur das Auftreten des Ubergangs und der Systemspezifitat der zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen. Zwei RD-Systeme wurden hierfur gewahlt: (i) das Herz im Vorhofflimmer(VF)-zustand und (ii) die Belousov-Zhabotinsky-Reaktion (BZR). Numerische Simulationen dieser Systeme basierten auf einem Standard-RD-Modell, dem Fitzhugh-Nagumo-Modell, und verschiedenen systemspezifischen Modellen. Ergebnisse der Simulationen wurden mit selbstdurchgefuhrten Experimenten der BZR auf Silikatgelen sowie mit Literaturdaten zu medizinischen Studien des VF verglichen. Zwei Mechanismen fur den Ubergang zu irregularen Mustern wurden studiert. Der erste, von mir vorgeschlagene Mechanismus basiert auf der Wechselwirkung zweier aktiver Quellen, welche raumlich separiert sind. In Abhangigkeit des Frequenzverhaltnisses der Quellen konnten verschiedene Typen von irregularen Mustern identifiziert werden: ein generischer Typ und drei weitere Typen, welche nur im allgemeinen oder den systemspezifischen Modellen auftraten. Der vorgeschlagene Mechanismus kann das episodische Auftreten von VF erklaren, indem Anderungen einer Quellenfrequenz das System in den Zustand irregularer Muster bringen. Dieser neue Mechanismus ist nicht nur fur VF sondern auch fur RD-Systeme (BZR, Nervenzellen) relevant. Der zweite untersuchte Mechanismus basiert auf der diffusiven Kopplung vieler Oszillatoren. In dieser Arbeit wurden irregulare Muster im Bereich schwacher Kopplung gefunden, fur welche als Ursache einerseits die reduzierte Koharenz zwischen den gekoppelten Oszillatoren identifiziert wurde und andererseits die aufgrund der Kopplung veranderte Dynamik im Falle von anregbaren Einheiten. Ein weiterer Typ irregularer Muster wird durch das Aufbrechen von Wellenfronten an den Oszillatoren verursacht. Der Einfluss der Grose, Form und Kopplungsstarke auf das Auftreten der irregularen Muster wurde untersucht sowie die Eigenschaften der Muster. Aufgrund der Generalitat der identifizierten Mechanismen sind diese auch fur andere chemische und biologische RD-Systeme wie PEM-Brennstoffzellen oder Herz-, Nerven- oder Bauchspeicheldrusenzellen von Bedeutung.
High occurrence of BTEX around major industrial plants in Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Abstract The Houjing River, which flows by large industrial complexes in southwestern Taiwan, has been seriously polluted with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX). Using Spearman’s analysis of BTEX concentrations measured at different sites along the river, we identified the main sources of this pollution to be the Dashe and Renwu Industrial Parks. Maximum concentrations of benzene and toluene (402 and 143.19 µg/L, respectively) were considerably higher than those reported in similar studies and regulatory limits. We compared these findings with those of positive matrix factorization (PMF) modelling. PMF also identified the two industrial parks as being sources of BTEX, most likely originating from petrochemical activities that occur there. This study can serve as an important reference for future watershed management and pollution control plans for Kaohsiung, the most industrialized city in Taiwan. PMF proved to be a reliable computer modelling program for source apportionment and environmental forensic studies.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Taiwan slug-eating snake (Pareas formosensis) and phylogenetic analysis

Abstract We report the complete mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) of Pareas formosensis (Squamata: Colubridae). This circular mtDNA is 17,703 bp in size and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, 2 ribosomal RNAs, and 2 non-coding sequence (D-loop). The total of mtDNA was composition of 57.26% A + T and 42.74% G + C (T: 25.21%, C: 28.84%, A: 32.05%, G: 13.90%). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that P. formosensis formed a clade with other species of Pareas. This mtDNA sequence of P. formosensis provides useful data for studying the population genetics and phylogeography of Colubridae.
Evaluating the Reality of Iraqi EFL In-service Teacher Training Courses from the Perspective of Trainees

The current research intends to evaluate the reality of Iraqi EFL teachers' in-service teacher training courses from the perspective of trainees. Forty nine English teachers working in the secondary schools of the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad- Al-Karkh/1 who had attended the training courses during the academic year 2014-2015 were the subject of the research. Data were collected through a questionnaire that consists of three domains. The responses were analyzed by using the proper statistics. The research findings indicate that although the trainees’ attitudes are positive towards the courses they attended in general, but in terms of improving the basic English knowledge as the most important aspect for teaching new English curriculum still not effective yet, as well as the courses have limitations especially in terms of their planning, evaluation phases, and their impact on teachers’ practices. Finally, some recommendations and suggestions are presented by the researcher to enhance the training process in Iraq.
Non-Thermal Milk and Milk Products Processing

Manufacture of virtually all milk and dairy products involves heat treatment, with the goal of killing bacteria and inactivating enzymes, among other things. Thermal reactions, on the other hand, might result in undesired changes such as protein denaturation, non-enzymatic browning, the creation of a cooked flavour, nutritional quality loss (vitamins and volatile chemicals), bacterial inhibitor inactivation, and rennet ability deterioration. Over and above the thermal processes are characterized as the most energy-consuming technologies in the food industry. As a result, a number of contemporary developments and non-thermal technologies have been investigated and found to have no negative impact on milk quality; for example, High hydrostatic pressure (HHP), Ionization Radiation, Ultrasounds (US), Pulsed electric fields (PEF), carbon dioxide, High Voltage Arc Discharge (HVAD) , Cold Plasma (CP), Bio -control cultures, Non-conventional chemical reagents, Ozonation, and Protective and preserving packaging technologies for processing milk have devised to replace heat treatment. The focus of this review is on certain non-thermal processing innovation as an emerging technology and its application on dairy products.
Fundamental Limitations of Ionic Conductivity in Polymerized Ionic Liquids

We present detailed studies of ionic conductivity in several polymerized ionic liquids (PolyILs) with different size of mobile ions. Presented analysis revealed that charge diffusion in PolyILs is about 10 times slower than ion diffusion, suggesting strong ion–ion correlations that reduce ionic conductivity. The activation energy for the ion diffusion shows a nonmonotonous dependence on the mobile ion size, indicating a competition between Coulombic and elastic forces controlling ion transport in PolyILs. The former dominates mobility of small ions (e.g., Li), while the latter controls mobility of large ions (e.g., TFSI). We propose a simple qualitative model describing the activation energy for the ion diffusion. It suggests that an increase in dielectric constant of PolyILs should lead to a significant enhancement of conductivity of small ions (e.g., Li and Na).
Hydrothermal synthesis of Mn-doped TiO2 with a strongly suppressed photocatalytic activity

Maja Le{nik1, Dejan Verhov{ek1, Nika Veronovski1, Mitja Gra~ner1, Goran Dra`i}2, Kristina @agar Soder`nik3, Mihael Drofenik4 1Cinkarna Celje, d.d. Inc., Kidri~eva 26, SI-3001 Celje, Slovenia 2National Institute of Chemistry Slovenia, Hajdrihova 19, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia 3Jo`ef Stefan Institute, Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 4University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia maja.lesnik@cinkarna.si
Clinical and radiographic study to evaluate marginal bone level around one piece and two piece of immediate loaded implants

Objective: The present study was done to evaluate the marginal bone level around immediate loaded implants using one piece and two piece implants. Subjects and methods: A group of 22 patients were divided into two groups; Group 1: 11 Patients received immediate loaded implant placement using one piece implants. Group 2: 11 Patients received immediate loaded implant placement using two piece implants. According to clinical evaluation; plaque index, gingival index and peri-implant probing depth were recorded and measured at three, six months and nine months; also implant quality score was measured. Radiographically, marginal bone level was measured and bone density and compared in three months, six months, nine months. Results: Group 1 showed a significant decrease in the peri-implant probing depth compared to Group 2. Group 1 showed significant buccal marginal bone loss than Group 2 over all the time intervals. There is no significant difference in the palatal or mesial or distal surface between the two groups. Also no significant difference between the two groups including plaque index or gingival index nor bone density. Concerning the implant quality scale; 100% of group 2 were scale 1, while 50% of group 1 were considered scale 1. Conclusion: Immediate loading of two piece dental implants appeared significantly superior than one piece type.
Surface Ferromagnetism in Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3 Nanoparticles as a Consequence of Local Imbalance in Mn3+:Mn4+ Ratio

Half-doped praseodymium manganites, Pr0.5Ca0. 5MnO3, synthesized by the sol–gel method produce highly crystalline nanoparticles with no structural disorder at the surface. As for most half-doped (Mn3+:Mn4+ = 1) antiferromagnetic (AFM) charge-ordered manganites, ferromagnetism (FM) appears as particle size decreases. A possible origin of FM phase development is the lacking oxygen ligands at the surface that increases Mn3+ at the expense of Mn4+ in order to maintain electronic neutrality. In this work, we show that Mn3+:Mn4+ = 1 ratio is preserved in the whole crystalline particle with the exception of the surface, where this ratio changes to Mn3+:Mn4+ > 1. This Mn3+ excess makes a double exchange Mn3+ → O2– → Mn4+ prevail over the superexchange, giving rise to the FM interactions. We show that a shell thickness of only one unit cell, with acell = 0.38 nm, is enough to explain the onset of FM at the surface, whereas the volume remains AFM. Furthermore, the FM to AFM ratio fits to the increase of surface-to-v.
Effect of annealing temperature on the properties of Ag doped ZnO thin films

ZnO-Ag thin layers were prepared by thermal evaporation under vacuum and then subjected to recrystallization annealing heat treatment under atmosphere at 300, 400 and 500 °C to ensure oxidation and crystallization of ZnO. The results showed the evolution of these properties as a function of the annealing temperature. XRD analysis indicate that the crystallization of ZnO increase with annealing temperatures. The same observation was underlined for the transmittance with annealing temperature. However, the samples without annealing and those annealed at 300 and 400 °C appeared to be conductive with a resistance of 1.1 Ω, 0.67 Ω and 2.1 Ω while the sample annealed at 500 °C have a resistance of 1.73. 105 Ω which belongs to a semiconductor material. As recognized, the hardness of the deposited layers as a function of the grain size does not respect the Hall-Petch relationship because of the grains size lower than 100 nm.
Antinociceptive local effect of the combination of dexketoprofen trometamol and chlorhexidine gluconate in a formalin test: an additive effect

*Correspondence: A. Pozos-Guillén. Basic Sciences Laboratory, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Av. Dr. Manuel Nava #2, Zona Universitaria, CP 78290. San Luis Potosí, SLP, México. Phone number: 52 444 8262357 X 5134. E-mail: apozos@uaslp.mx Antinociceptive local effect of the combination of dexketoprofen trometamol and chlorhexidine gluconate in a formalin test: an additive effect
Current Practice and Innovations in Fish Packaging

ABSTRACT Fish and seafood are food products of high commercial value but with short shelf life. The objective of this article is to review the available packaging techniques and their applications on fish products, focusing on research and latest innovations. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) has been investigated for the selection of optimum packaging conditions for different fish products. Recent innovations include the combined application of MAP with other preservative factors, such as minimal processing or the addition of antioxidant and/or antimicrobial compounds. Smart packaging, including active packaging and quality control and monitoring systems (gas and moisture control, antimicrobial/antioxidant packaging, smart labels) and edible films and coatings are innovative packaging technologies, which may result in higher quality and extended shelf life of perishable food. The market for active and intelligent packaging methods is anticipated to rise significantly in the near future with their integration into fish packaging.
Plasma MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for HCV Related Hepatocellular ‎Carcinoma: Diagnostic Performance of a microRNA Panel in Egyptian ‎Patients‎ ‎

Hoda A. Hagrass,Tamer M. Soliman,Enas A. Tantawy, Heba F. Pasha, Mohamed I. Radwan Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, USA. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt. Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sohag, Sohag, Egypt. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt.
Fabrication of edible biocompatible carbohydrate particle-based Pickering emulsions

OF THE DISSERTATION. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . vii TABLE OF CONTENTS . viii LIST OF TABLES . xiii LIST OF FIGURES . xiv RATIONALE AND HYPOTHESIS . xxi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1. OVERVIEW OF PICKERING EMULSION . 1 1.2. DEVELOPMENT OF PARTICLES TO STABILIZE PICKERING EMULSIONS . 3 1.3. BIOMASS MATERIALS: STARCH AND CELLULOSE . 4 1.3. 1. Starch and starch derivate particles. 4 1.3. 2. Cellulose and cellulose derivate particles . 7 1.4. MEDIA-MILLING PROCESS AND ITS APPLICATION IN STARCH AND CELLULOSE MODIFICATION . 8 1.5. RESISTANT STARCH . 10 1.5. 1. Definition and category resistant starch . 10 1.5. 2. Functional properties of resistant starch . 13 1.5. 3. Formation of starch-fatty acid complexes and its potential as particle emulsifier . 15 CHAPTER 2 DEVELOPMENT OF MILLED STARCH TO STABLIZE PICKERING EMULSIONS . 17 2.
Prediction of struvite formation potential in Ebpr digested sludge using mass balances, batch precipitation tests, and chemical equilibrium modeling

Prediction of Struvite Formation Potential in EBPR Digested Sludge Using Mass Balances, Batch Precipitation Tests, and. Chemical Equilibrium Modeling by Hyunju Jeong Dr. Jacimaria R. Batista, Examination Committee Chair Associate Professor of Environmental Engineering University of Nevada, Las Vegas Digested sludge liquors from wastewater treatment plants that include enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) have the potential to form struvite MgNH4? 04'6H20). The potential can be determined by the concentrations of struvite constituents including phosphorus, ammonium, and magnesium. The work presented in this tliesis focuses on determining the potential for struvite formation at the City ofLas Vegas Water Pollutant Control Facility (WPCF) due to the introduction o f EBPR. Specifically, the struvite formation potential of digested sludge ceritrate was investigated using mass balances, batch tests, and chemical equilibrium modeling with the software MINEQL+. The results of the mass balance indicated that phosphate concentrations greater than 250 mg/L are likely to be found in the centrifuge centrate at WPCF. Batch precipitation test, modeling results, and x-ray diffraction of precipitates indicate that the probability that struvite can be formed at WPCF is great. Three alternatives are provided to WPCF to prevent struvite formation.
Atmospheric radiocarbon measurements to quantify CO2 emissions in the UK from 2014 to 2015

Abstract. We present Δ14CO2 observations and related greenhouse gas measurements at a background site in Ireland (Mace Head, MHD) and a tall tower site in the east of the UK (Tacolneston, TAC) that is more strongly influenced by fossil fuel sources. These observations have been used to calculate the contribution of fossil fuel sources to the atmospheric CO2 mole fractions; this can be done, as emissions from fossil fuels do not contain 14CO2 and cause a depletion in the observed Δ14CO2 value. The observations are compared to simulated values. Two corrections need to be applied to radiocarbon-derived fossil fuel CO2 (ffCO2): one for pure 14CO2 emissions from nuclear industry sites and one for a disequilibrium in the isotopic signature of older biospheric emissions (heterotrophic respiration) and CO2 in the atmosphere. Measurements at both sites were found to only be marginally affected by 14CO2 emissions from nuclear sites. Over the study period of 2014–2015, the biospheric correction and the correction for nuclear 14CO2 emissions were similar at 0.34 and 0.25 ppm ffCO2 equivalent, respectively. The observed ffCO2 at the TAC tall tower site was not significantly different from simulated values based on the EDGAR 2010 bottom-up inventory. We explored the use of high-frequency CO observations as a tracer of ffCO2 by deriving a constant ratio of CO enhancements to ffCO2 ratio for the mix of UK fossil fuel sources. This ratio was found to be 5.7 ppb ppm−1, close to the value predicted using inventories and the atmospheric model of 5.1 ppb ppm−1. The TAC site, in the east of the UK, was strategically chosen to be some distance from pollution sources so as to allow for the observation of well-integrated air masses. However, this distance from pollution sources and the large measurement uncertainty in 14CO2 lead to a large overall uncertainty in the ffCO2, being around 1.8 ppm compared to typical enhancements of 2 ppm.
Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study of Spin Crossover Fe-Compounds: Persistent High Spin Configurations under Soft X-ray Irradiation

Metal-organic complex exhibiting spin crossover (SCO) behavior has drawn attention for its functionality as a nanoscale spin switch. The spin states in the metal ions can be tuned by external stimuli such as temperature or light. This article demonstrates a soft X-ray–induced excited spin state trapping (SOXEISST) effect in Hofmann-like SCO coordination polymers of FeII(4-methylpyrimidine)2[Au(CN)2]2 and FeII(pyridine)2[Ni(CN)4]. A soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) study on these polymers showed that the high spin configuration (HS; S = 2) was prevalent in Fe2+ ions during the measurement even at temperatures much lower than the critical temperatures (>170 K), manifesting HS trapping due to the X-ray irradiation. This is in strong contrast to the normal SCO behavior observed in FeII(1,10-phenanthroline)2(NCS)2, implying that the structure of the ligand chains in the polymers with relatively loose Fe-N coordination might allow a structural adaptation to stabilize the metastable HS state under the soft X-ray irradiation.
Evaluation of Enzymatic Phenolic Extract from Garden Cress Seed Meal against Aflatoxigenic Fungi Isolated from Eggplant fruits

Natural products, like phenolic compounds from plant sources, exhibited antifungal activity and other biological activities. The current work aimed at studying the effect of phenolic compounds produced via enzymatic extraction from garden cress seed meal on some aflatoxins producing fungi isolated from the Eggplant fruits. In this elucidation, the chemical composition, minerals content and protein isolate of garden cress meal were investigated. Various enzymes (protease, cellulase, amyloglucosidase and their mixture) were used in the extraction of phenolic compounds with different concentrations. The antioxidant activities of all phenolic extracts were assisted. The polyphenolic compounds were defined by HPLC. Amino acid profile of the prepared protein isolate was also determined. On the other hand, six samples of Eggplant (10 of each) from two different locations were analyzed for mycological examination and aflatoxins association. The antifungal activity of phenolic extracts was measured by linear growth method of aflatoxigenic fungi. The results showed that a mixture of protease, cellulase, and amyloglucosidase enzymes with equal ratios exhibited major phenolic compounds (15.97mg/g) and also high antioxidant activities. The enzymatic phenolic extracts with different concentrations (10 and 20%) had a significant antifungal activity against aflatoxigenic fungi and other tested fungi. The highest growth inhibition of aflatoxigenic fungi was detected with A. parasiticus (55.82% at 20% conc.), while A. flavus detected less growth inhibition which recorded 40.54% at 20% conc. It could be concluded that garden cress phenolic extract is effective against some aflatoxigenic fungi.
The effect of mechano-enzymatic treatment on the characteristics of cellulose nanofiber obtained from kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) bark

Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was successfully isolated from kenaf bark by microfluidization at 20,000 psi for 40 passes. The combination of hydrothermal process and xylanase treatment prior to CNF isolation led to effective cellulose purification. The fiber used for enzymatic pretreatment for CNF isolation had an 85.9% whiteness index and 85.1% cellulose content. The crystallinity of the cellulose extracted from the kenaf bark continued to increase with successive treatments, as indicated by X-ray diffraction analysis. In addition, the enzyme-treated fiber showed increased thermal stability, as shown by thermogravimetric analysis. After CNF isolation, morphological characterization of the CNF was performed via field emission-scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The CNF had an average diameter that ranged from 5 to 10 nm and no undesired elemental contamination, as evidenced by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The mechano-enzymatic treatments used in this work to obtain CNF were judged to be a promising technique for the fabrication of biomedical and other high-value materials.
Substituent effects on direct and indirect tautomerism of pyrimidin-2(1H)-one/pyrimidin-2-ol

ABSTRACT The conversion of pyrimidin-2(1H)-one into pyrimidin-2-ol through direct and indirect mechanisms was investigated in the gas phase and solution media at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory. The kinetic parameters demonstrate that the barrier energy ΔG≠ of the tautomeric conversion when proton transfer is mediated by one water molecule is almost the same as when is mediated by two water molecules, and is smaller than that when is mediated by three water molecules (14.0 and 17.1 kcal/mol at 298 K, respectively). It is obvious that the indirect mechanism, which is occurred in the presence of solvent molecules, is kinetically favourable in the gas phase and aqueous media. In addition, the decrease in the ΔG≠ values by the electron donor substituents located at the meta and para positions of pyrimidin-2(1H)-one is larger than those by the electron-withdrawing substituents.