Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential Genotoxicity, Hematotoxicity and Clastogenicity of Three Commonly Consumed Polyherbal Formulations in Abeokuta South-West Nigeria

Background: The current upsurge in the use of polyherbal remedies and coupled with loose regulation on public access to these products underscore research efforts to evaluate their biochemical effect, noting also that many of the polyherbal medicines lack scientific evidence to support their medicinal claims. Objective: We therefore investigated the potential genotoxicity, hematotoxicity and clastogenicity of three commonly consumed polyherbal formulations (OsomoBittersTM, OgidigaTM and BabyOkuTM) in South-West Nigeria, in experimental rats. Methods: Two hundred and fifty (250) adult female wistar rats were randomly selected and distributed into 10 groups of 25 rats each. Two mL/kg body weight of distilled water, a non-alcoholic non-polyherbal formulation (Fanta®), a polyherbal non-alcoholic formulation (YoyoBittersTM) and an alcoholic non-polyherbal drink (SabrinaTM) were orally administered to the control groups while BabyOkuTM, OsomoBittersTM and OgidigaTM herbal formulations were administered to the experimental groups at doses of 2 mL/kg and 3 mL/kg body weights. Results: A doseand tissue-dependent increase in induction of apoptotic DNA fragmentation was observed in the polyherbal groups relative to control groups. Also, an increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was formed in a dose-dependent manner in the polyherbal groups when compared with the control groups. Conclusion: From our findings, polyherbal formulations may possess clastogenic, hematotoxic and genotoxic potentials in rats.
Change in biological traits and community structure of macroinvertebrates through primary succession in a man-made Swedish wetland

Abstract. We investigated the successional development of a benthic macrofaunal community in Kalmar Dämme, a man-made wetland in southeastern Sweden, over a 13-y period after construction (1997–2009). We assessed primary succession by monitoring changes in species composition, biological traits, and community structure. Predictable successional changes occurred, and the structure of the community was complex at the advanced phase. Three successional phases were observed, each with typifying species. At the advanced phase, dominant biological traits shifted to favor animals with longer life-cycle durations, aerial dispersal strategies, and certain feeding types (i.e., filter-feeders, fine sediment collectors, predators, and parasites). We selected the Coleoptera assemblage to represent the macroinvertebrate community in an evaluation of the extent to which man-made wetlands in different age classes (<3 y and ≥10 y) were similar to natural wetlands (>50 y). No significant differences in Coleoptera assemblages were found between natural wetlands and man-made wetlands ≥10 y. However, man-made wetlands ≥10 y had significantly higher coleopteran species richness than natural and man-made wetlands <3 y because of the convergence of pioneering species persisting from early successional stages with representative specialized taxa from natural wetlands. Our results suggest that 10 y may be sufficient time for the macrofaunal communities of man-made wetlands to resemble those of natural wetlands.
Aberrant LncRNA Expression in Leukemia

Leukemia is a common malignant cancer of the hematopoietic system, whose pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides without protein-coding function. Recent studies report their role in cellular processes such as the regulation of gene expression, as well as in the carcinogenesis, occurrence, development, and prognosis of various tumors. Evidence indicating relationships between a variety of lncRNAs and leukemia pathophysiology has increased dramatically in the previous decade, with specific lncRNAs expected to serve as diagnostic biomarkers, novel therapeutic targets, and predictors of clinical outcomes. Furthermore, these lncRNAs might offer insight into disease pathogenesis and novel treatment options. This review summarizes progress in studies on the role(s) of lncRNAs in leukemia.
Are All Insider Sales Created Equal? First Evidence from Supplementary Disclosures in SEC Filings

This study is the first to analyse managers’ voluntary supplementary disclosures on insider trade filings with the SEC. Based on the content of the disclosures, we are able to distinguish between discretionary and nondiscretionary sales. We document significantly negative abnormal filing returns to discretionary sales while abnormal returns to nondiscretionary sales are essentially zero. Examining the motivations for supplementary disclosures with discretionary sales, we find evidence consistent with insiders strategically disclosing liquidity needs to disguise informed trading. Disclosures to discretionary sales are more likely when the legal risk of trading is high and when insiders offload a large amount of stock. Although investors react negatively to these disclosures, we also find significantly negative long-term abnormal returns over the subsequent months suggesting that investors under-react to the negative information in these sales. A long-short portfolio investment strategy that exploits this under-reaction earns an economically significant 16% risk-adjusted return per year. Consistent with insiders selling ahead of bad news, discretionary sales for which insider provide disclosures are more likely to precede analyst downgrades and negative earnings surprises.
Comparative Intralobular Distribution of Low Km Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activities in Rat and Guinea Pig Livers

To determine species differences in the hepatic lobular distribution of low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH, ALDH 1+ALDH 2) activity (substrate, 50 μM acetaldehyde), the activity in Wistar rats and Hartley guinea pigs was examined histochemically by the nitroblue tetrazolium method. In the rat liver, low Km ALDH activity was observed throughout the lobules, with enhanced centrilobular staining. Interestingly, the guinea pig liver exhibited a U-shaped lobular distribution, with even localization in both the centrilobular and periportal zones, but with little activity in the midlobular region. These findings indicate that the distribution pattern of low Km ALDH activity in the hepatic lobule of guinea pigs differs strikingly from that of rats, hamsters and mice. This study shows that rodents, which are widely utilized as experimental animals, differ as much in the hepatic lobular distribution of low Km ALDH activity as in that of ADH activity, indicating that the species most suitable to the purpose of ethanol studies should be selected according to the profiles of the liver ADH and low Km ALDH activities.
Perinatal PARTNER- FOCUSED Smoking Cessation Interventions

Adrienne L. Duckworth, BSN, and Ilana R. Azulay Chertok, PhD, MSN, IBCLC Abstract One of the primary barriers to smoking cessation among pregnant women who smoke is having a partner who smokes. Prenatal tobacco exposure has been demonstrated to negatively affect infant health outcomes. Many smoking cessation interventions have been targeted at women who smoke in pregnancy, although research has indicated that one of the main barriers to cessation is lack of partner support. The family systems theory frames prenatal smoking cessation interventions in an inclusive manner for the woman and her partner. The aim of this article is to review smoking cessation intervention studies for partners of pregnant women. Efforts to promote smoking cessation among pregnant women should be inclusive of partners, recognizing that partners infl uence maternal prenatal health behaviors.
Cation–π interactions in protein–protein interfaces

Arginine is an abundant residue in protein–protein interfaces. The importance of this residue relates to the versatility of its side chain in intermolecular interactions. Different classes of protein–protein interfaces were surveyed for cation–π interactions. Approximately half of the protein complexes and one‐third of the homodimers analyzed were found to contain at least one intermolecular cation–π pair. Interactions between arginine and tyrosine were found to be the most abundant. The electrostatic interaction energy was calculated to be ∼3 kcal/mol, on average. A distance‐based search of guanidinium:aromatic interactions was also performed using the Macromolecular Structure Database (MSD). This search revealed that half of the guanidinium:aromatic pairs pack in a coplanar manner. Furthermore, it was found that the cationic group of the cation–π pair is frequently involved in intermolecular hydrogen bonds. In this manner the arginine side chain can participate in multiple interactions, providing a mechanism for inter‐protein specificity. Thus, the cation–π interaction is established as an important contributor to protein–protein interfaces. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Persistence of snake carcasses on roads and its potential effect on estimating roadkills in a megadiverse country

—The persistence of fauna carcasses on roads has been considered one of the most relevant factors influencing estimates of road mortality in different taxonomic groups. However, there is a lack of information in this regard in most Neotropical countries. The aim of the present research is to describe and quantify the persistence of snake carcasses on two Colombian roads and its potential relationships with animal body size and the frequency of vehicular traffic. Additionally, to illustrate the importance of correcting roadkill rate estimates for carcass persistence, the roadkill rate of snakes on a secondary road in the study area is recalculated using the results of carcass persistence time, instead of a previously selected arbitrary value (i.e., 7 days). To estimate the carcass persistence time, eighty-one snake carcasses of diverse body sizes (mean length = 46.90 cm ± (SD) 38.46, range = 10.1–224 cm) were placed over sampling points distributed equally on two roads with different traffic frequencies (a primary road with > 2,500 vehicles/day and a secondary road with < 1,000 vehicles/day). Snake carcass degradation was monitored until their disappearance from the road surface. The median persistence time of carcasses on roads was 7.16 h (5.20 h and 14.16 h on the primary and secondary roads, respectively). According to field experiments, around 75% of the carcasses can disappear from the road surface within 30 h after a snake has been killed. The principal cause of the disappearance of carcasses during the day was degradation due to vehicular traffic. As the carcasses tended to increase in size, the difference in their persistence between types of roads increased, with lower persistence on the primary road than on the secondary road. The conclusion from these observations is that excluding carcass persistence time from snake roadkill rate calculations leads to high underestimates of mortality. Therefore, the problem of snakes that are roadkill on the road infrastructure in Colombia is much greater than previously considered.
DOES THE AVAILABILITY OF DPP-4 INHIBITORS AFFECT THE GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS?

Background: To investigate whether the availability of DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4I) affect the glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Methods: A total of 667 patients with T2DM were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their medical insurance plans; the University (290 patients) and the Ministry (377 patients) groups. Both groups had comparable access to anti-diabetic medications except for DPP-4I which were available only to the University group. Accordingly, the University group was divided into two subgroups depending on their use of DPP-4I; DPP-4I users and non-users. Glycemic control, as assessed by HbA1C and rates of hypoglycemia, DKA and non-ketotic hyperosmolar state (NKHS), were compared in the three groups. Odds ratios were calculated to establish a correlation. Results: The rate of inadequate glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%) was 72.3% in the University DPP-4I users, 51.5% in the University DPP-4I non-users and 59.9% in the Ministry group (p=0.003). After adjusting for various factors that influence glycemic control, the multivariate analysis showed that the University DPP-4I users were more likely to have inadequate glycemic control compared to those in the Ministry group (p=0.002, OR= 2.4). No significant difference was observed in the rate of hypoglycemia, DKA and NKHS in the three groups. Conclusion: Our results suggested that, in the studied population, the availability of DPP-4I did not improve glycemic control nor reduce the rate of acute complications of DM. On the contrary, inadequate glycemic control in the DPP-4I users was significantly higher compared to the non-users.
Genotypic differences in susceptibility to wireworm attack in potato: mechanisms and implications for plant breeding

The influence of different tuber compounds on susceptibility to wire-worms (Agriotes obscurus) was studied in experiments with 10-13 potato genotypes. Both greenhouse and field experiments showed that the susceptibility to wireworm attack was negatively correlated with the concentration of glycoalkaloids and positively correlated with the concentration of reducing sugars in the outer 2 mm of the tubers. Varietal differences in chlorogenic acid had no effect on susceptibility. Breeding for high levels of glycoalkaloids in the extreme periphery, but very low levels in the rest of the tuber, will protect the tubers from wireworms and yet result in acceptable glycoalkaloid levels for food safety.
Intercomparison and evaluation of ground- and satellite-based stratospheric ozone and temperature profiles above Observatoire de Haute-Provence during the Lidar Validation NDACC Experiment (LAVANDE)

Abstract. A two-part intercomparison campaign was conducted at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP) for the validation of lidar ozone and temperature profiles using the mobile NASA Stratospheric Ozone Lidar (NASA STROZ), satellite overpasses from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER), meteorological radiosondes launched from Nîmes, and locally launched ozonesondes. All the data were submitted and compared “blind”, before the group could see results from the other instruments. There was good agreement between all ozone measurements between 20 and 40 km, with differences of generally less than 5 % throughout this region. Below 20 km, SABER and MLS measured significantly more ozone than the lidars or ozonesondes. Temperatures for all lidars were in good agreement between 30 and 60 km, with differences on the order of ±1 to 3 K. Below 30 km, the OHP lidar operating at 532 nm has a significant cool bias due to contamination by aerosols. Systematic, altitude-varying bias up to ±5 K compared to the lidars was found for MLS at many altitudes. SABER temperature profiles are generally closer to the lidar profiles, with up 3 K negative bias near 50 km. Total uncertainty estimates for ozone and temperature appear to be realistic for nearly all systems. However, it does seem that the very low estimated uncertainties of lidars between 30 and 50 km, between 0.1 and 1 K, are not achieved during Lidar Validation Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) Experiment (LAVANDE). These estimates might have to be increased to 1 to 2 K.
Territorial Boundaries: An Economic View

Burger's comment (1981) is an interesting contribution to a difficult problem. My point is to suggest an alternative, more complicated, and I hope more realistic, formulation. The two explanations, however, are not inconsistent and will be integrated below. I will begin, however, with a model in which the bird, or whatever organism we are considering, does not engage in the Burger-type strategic calculation but simply selects the best area. Assume an environment which is suitable for settlement of a particular bird and that at first only one bird, or one pair of birds, arrives. They should select their nest location in order to maximize their access to resources. Note that for the rest of this article, I will assume that the resource value of any given point in the area is known with certainty, thus ignoring the stochastic variables discussed in Tullock (1979). This is for simplicity only. A stochastic value of each point would be readily substituted but would make the mathematics more complicated. From any nest location, the value of any given spot is shown by equation (1), in which A is the potential resource available from the area and D is the distance from the nest which has been selected.
Evaluation of the effect of potassium abnormalities based on the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) in the multiple Trauma

Background and objective: A trauma causes changes, which are known as the metabolic responses to an injury. In this regard, extracellular potassium level abnormalities can cause various clinical problems in trauma patients. Here, the main objective of this ANALYSIS 24(101), January February, 2020 Medical Science ISSN 2321–7359 EISSN 2321–7367
Risk factors and long-term surgical outcome of patellar luxation and concomitant cranial cruciate ligament rupture in small breed dogs

Concomitant cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) is a common complication in small breed dogs with patellar luxation (PL) with an elusive pathogenesis. Surgical treatment is available and commonly includes remodelling osteotomies. While these modern techniques have shown good functional results, access is limited due to the high costs for owners and the need for special surgical equipment. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the frequency and risk factors for concomitant CCLR in small breed dogs with PL. To study the outcome and complications of the combination of the Wedge recession osteotomy (WR) and Tibial tuberosity transposition (TT) with a Fascia over-the-top (OT) or a Capsular and fascial imbrication technique (CFI) for the simultaneous treatment of PL and concomitant CCLR. A retrospective study is presented here. The signalment, body weight, luxation grade and direction, affected side, bilateral or unilateral PL, CCLR and meniscal status were analysed. The surgical treatment for PL and concomitant CCLR, outcome and complications were investigated. Of 233 small breed dogs with PL, 52 (22.31%) had a concomitant CCLR. Maltese dogs were more likely to have concomitant CCLR. The mean age for the dogs with PL only was 5.32 years, which was significantly younger than the mean age of dogs with PL and concomitant CCLR (7.39 years). Overweight dogs with PL were prone to develop concomitant CCLR. Surgical stabilisation with a combination of WR, TT and OT or CFI had excellent or good results in 86.63% of the cases, while 16.67% of the cases developed complications. In conclusion, PL and concomitant CCL ruptures can be managed successfully by performing a combination of WR, TT and OT or CFI. The outcomes and complication rates are comparable to remodelling osteotomies. Moreover, these techniques are less expensive and can be performed with standard surgical equipment. These findings should be beneficial for clinical diagnosis, client education and treatment.
Zooplankton grazing on [methyl‐3H]thymidine‐labeIled natural particle assemblages: determination of filtering rates and food selectivity

SUMMARY. 1. The grazing of [methyl-3H]thymidine-labelled bacteria by zooplankton was studied in Lake Norrviken. Sweden. 2. Animals did not ingest bacteria attached to large colonies of the cyanobacterium Microcystis wesenbergii Kom. but small aggregates of hacteria and free bacteria were readily consumed. 3. Diaphanosoma brachyurum (Lievin). Daphnia cucullata Sars. and Daphnia galeata Sars grazed free bacteria more quickly than aggregates, but Endiaptomus gracilis (Sars), Chydorus sphaericus Mull. and Bosmi- na coregoni s.l. Baird grazed the aggregates more readily. 4. Filtering rate determinations varied from LA to 123 μl ind. −1h − 1for various species.
Darwin’s nose: The revival of physiognomy at Stanford University

Physiognomy is the ancient “art” of detecting the character of a person in his (or her) face that goes back to the writings of Aristotle (384 – 322 BC). However, as the negative judgement of Captain Robert FitzRoy with respect to Charles Darwin’s face (and hence his suggested “weak character”) revealed, this practice is, in its original version, not reliable. In February 2018, i.e., 150 years after Charles Darwin’s book The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication (1868), and his experimental design on the analysis of facial expressions were published, a remarkable “Stanford-study” authored by Yilun Wang and Michal Kosinski appeared in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. In this computer-based Research Paper (an analysis of more than 35,000 images), the authors document that, on average, gay men have more feminine faces than straight counterparts, and typical lesbians display more masculine features than heterosexual women. Wang and Kosinski’s results were corroborated in a paper published early 2018 in the Journal of Homosexuality. Hence, there is a “kernel of truth” hidden behind the idea of physiognomy, which was revealed beyond any doubt in the “Stanford-paper” discussed in the present contribution. 243 Japan Journal of Medicine 2018; 1(5): 243 246 . doi: 10.31488/jjm.1000124
Lipid Profiles of Pomfret Fish (Pampus argenteus) Organs

The study of the lipid matter content from the different organs of Pomfret (Pampus argenteus) fish indicates that a major amount of lipid accumulates in the brain while the organs like digestive tract and muscle contain relatively much lower amount. The composition of the lipid matter of various organs points out that cholesterol is in much greater proportion than that of the phospholipid. Cholesterol is present in highest amount in the brain lipid compared with other organs while the content of phospholipid is lowest in the digestive tract. The fatty acid composition reveals that the lipids of each organ of pomfret fish are enriched in the saturated fatty acids. Also a distinct variation exists in the amount of the individual saturated fatty acids. The eye ball lipid has the highest amount of saturated fatty acid (84%) followed by digestive tract (69%), muscle (52%) and brain (34%). The polyunsaturated fatty acids are the next major fatty acids, with significant amount of C22:6 fatty acid.