Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of biochemical compounds in different accessions of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels in Iraq

The polyphenol complex of pomegranate peel ( Punica granatum L.), which makes up half of the pomegranate fruit, is important due to its roles in disease prevention. Although several studies examined the phenolic compounds in pomegranate peel, there is no any previous study on this plant part in Iraq using HPLC. This study was carried out to investigate the content of these bioactive compounds in pomegranate peels of 27 accessions collected from five different locations in the North and Middle of Iraq. In total; ten polyphenolic agents, including Gallic acid, Ellagic acid, Hydroxybenzoic acid, Caffeic acid, Luteolin, Quercetin, Catechin, Rutin, Punicalins and punicalagin were detected in the ethanolic extracts of the respective accessions using HPLC technique. Results showed that the range of concentrations (µg/ml) of the phenolic compounds, namely gallic acid (80.6-170.24), ellagic acid (50.32-134.36), punicalagin (5.2-130.32), luteolin (20-122.32), catechin (50.2-121), rutin (41-102.36), hydrobenzoic acid (26.2-101.96), quercetin (27.92-94.36), punicalins (29.92-90.36) and caffeic acid (38.32-81) were significantly varied in the selected accessions. The highest concentrations of all the respective phenolic compounds were characterized in the accession number 27, which was collected from Shahraban. This accession might be a valuable source for pharmaceutical products, specifically anti-cancers. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
FEASIBILITY OF USING Zanthoxylum ekmanii (Urb.) Alain FOR PLYWOOD PANEL PRODUCTION

Feasibility of using Zanthoxylum ekmanii (Urb.) Alain for plywood panel production.The demand for wood-based products by society is growing because these products are less restrictive, highly resistant, and reliable in use. However, due to a lack of technological knowledge, the number of Amazonian species used within the timber industries is still limited. Therefore, knowing the potential use of these species is important to the forestry sector’s development. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of plywood panels produced with veneer sheets of Zanthoxylum ekmanii (lemon) and its combination with Pinus sp. , using the urea-formaldehyde (UF) and (PF) phenol-formaldehyde resins. Panels were produced with 15 mm, dimensions of 50 x 50 cm, and a grammage of 360 g/m2 in a single line. Physical and mechanical tests were performed by the specifications described in the Brazilian standards. The results were compared to the requirements of the ABIMCI technical catalog and the NBR ISO 12466-2 standard. The homogeneous and combined panels with Z. ekmanii evaluated in this study presented results of water absorption, thickness swelling, compression set recovery, glue line shear strength, and parallel and perpendicular static bending statistically equal to or superior to the reference species (Pinus sp.). Therefore, the panels produced with Z. ekmanii have good quality in bonding with UF and PF resins. This species can be used in the production of homogeneous plywood or combination with Pinus sp.
Granite formation: Stepwise accumulation of melt or connected networks?

ABSTRACT Several authors have proposed that granitic melt accumulation and transport from the source region occurs in networks of connected melt-filled veins and dykes. These models envisage the smallest leucosomes as ‘rivulets’ that connect to feed larger dykes that form the ‘rivers’ through which magma ascends through the sub-solidus crust. This paper critically reviews this ‘rivulets-feeding-rivers’ model. It is argued that such melt-filled networks are unlikely to develop in nature, because melt flows and accumulates well before a fully connected network can be established. In the alternative stepwise accumulation model, flow and accumulation is transient in both space and time. Observations on migmatites at Port Navalo, France, that were used to support the existence of melt-filled networks are discussed and reinterpreted. In this interpretation, the structures in these migmatites are consistent with the collapse and draining of individual melt batches, supporting the stepwise accumulation model.
Large mammal turnover pulses correlated with latest Neogene glacial trends in the northwestern Mediterranean region

Abstract From the latest Miocene to the Holocene period, three biotic events in the large mammal communities of the western Mediterranean region show significant and robust diversity changes and/or turnover with respect to sampling, and correspond in time to significant pulses of the latest Cenozoic glaciations. The ‘Ruscinian mammal turnover pulse’ represents a major biotic event close to the ‘Messinian salinity crisis’. This can be described more as a turnover than a dispersion event. The pattern of turnover shows a significantly high value of first appearances close to the Mio-Pliocene transition; last appearances were also important but reduced significantly in the following interval. A Southern Hemisphere glaciation event has been related to the Messinian crisis. The second major biotic event corresponds to the so-called ‘Equus-elephant event’ during early Villafranchian time. The relevance of this dispersal event is proved by a marked increase in diversity as a result of a high number of first appearances. Between 3.0 and 2.6 Ma the onset of bi-polar glaciations occurred, followed by glacial-interglacial cycles of moderate amplitude sustained at the orbital periodicity of 41 ka. The last major biotic event was the ‘Galerian mammal turnover pulse’ around 1.0 Ma. This turnover represents an important community reorganization that marks a total rejuvenation of the fauna and is coincident with the arrival of Homo species in the western Mediterranean region. At this time, glacial maxima became more extreme and the dominant periodicity of variation shifted to 100 ka, which is attributed to the massive Northern Hemisphere ice sheets.
Calculating deep seepage from water content and tension measurements in the vadose zone at sandy and loamy soils in North‐East Germany

Studies on deep seepage were carried out on sandy and loamy soils in north‐east Germany based on tension and water content measurements. Downward water movement with a unit hydraulic gradient occurred only in sand beneath 2 m soil depth, whereas upward and downward water movements alternated in loamy soils. The temporal fluctuations of tension and water content values occurred slowly and continually below 2 m soil depth and water content differences in intervals less than one day became negligible. The proposed method allows to calculate deep seepage rates using Darcy's law but a calibrated unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function is needed. The method requires only the recording of water content and tension values, in sufficiently high temporal resolution at a single depth below the hydraulic shed for sand soils, and in two depths for loam soils. Knowledge of precipitation, evapotranspiration and soil properties above the measuring depth is not necessary.
Impact of air pollution on healthcare utilization in patients with bronchiectasis

Introduction Air pollutants are increasingly recognized to affect long-term outcomes in patients with bronchiectasis. We aimed to figure out the association between air pollutants and the risk of healthcare utilization in patients with bronchiectasis. Methods Data for 1,029 subjects with bronchiectasis in Seoul were extracted. The air pollutants included particulate matter of 10 μm or less in diameter (PM10), particulate matter of 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The outcome was all-cause healthcare uses, defined as outpatient visit, emergency department visit, or hospitalization. The concentration–response curves between each air pollutant and relative risks for healthcare utilization were obtained. Results There were significant correlations between air pollutant concentrations and the risk of healthcare utilization, particularly for PM10, NO2, SO2, and CO. This risk was observed even at concentrations below the recommended safe thresholds for the general population. The slopes for the association between PM10 and NO2 and the risk of healthcare use showed a logarithmic growth pattern, with the steepest increase up to 30 μg/m3 and 0.030 parts per million (ppm), respectively. The curves for SO2 and CO showed an inverted U-shaped pattern, with a peak at 0.0045 ppm and a slow upward curve, respectively. No specific trends were observed for PM2.5 and O3 and the risk of healthcare use. Discussion Increased concentrations of PM10, NO2, SO2, and CO were associated with increased healthcare utilization in patients with bronchiectasis. For patients with bronchiectasis, there were no safety thresholds for those air pollutants, and even low levels of air pollutant exposure can negatively impact bronchiectasis outcomes.
STAT: Multi-Object Tracking Based on Spatio-Temporal Topological Constraints

The mainstream tracking-by-detection paradigm for multi-object tracking generally conducts detection first, followed by Re-IDentification (Re-ID) and motion estimation. The associations between the predicted boxes and existing tracks are then performed via visual and motion association. However, challenges such as irregular motion patterns, similar appearances, and frequent occlusions often arise, making object tracking a nontrivial task. In this article, we propose a multi-object tracker based on Spatio-TemporAl Topological (STAT) constraints to address the above issues. More specifically, we design the Feature Adaptive Association Module (FAAM) to establish the association between motion and appearance regionally, completing a complementary combination of appearance and motion features. Among these, the Appearance Feature Update Module (AFUM) is proposed to manage the appearance updates of tracked objects by imposing constraints based on the spatial locations and the degree of object occlusion, while temporal consistency is adopted to smooth the appearance states of tracks to mitigate the accumulation of appearance noise. Moreover, the Robust Motion Tracking Module (RMTM) is established to reduce the impact of irregular motions and certain unreliable detection results. The proposed module includes a higher weighted momentum term to accommodate the excessive motion amplitude and considers low-confidence boxes accompanied by the stage-wise association strategy for high-confidence boxes. Extensive experiments on DanceTrack and benchmark MOT datasets verify the effectiveness of our STAT tracker, especially the state-of-the-art results on DanceTrack, which is characterized by irregular motion and indistinguishable appearance attributes.
Metamorphic zoning and thermal structure of the Dabie ultrahigh‐ pressure–high‐pressure terrane, central China

The ultrahigh‐ and high‐pressure (UHP–HP) metamorphic belt of the Dabie Mountains, central China, formed by the Triassic continental subduction and collision, is divided into four metamorphic zones; from south to north, the greenschist facies zone, epidote amphibolite to amphibolite facies zone, quartz eclogite zone, and coesite eclogite zone, based on metabasite mineral assemblages. Most of the coesite‐bearing eclogites consist mainly of garnet and omphacite with homogeneous compositions and have partially undergone hydration reactions to form clinopyroxene + plagioclase + calcic amphibole symplectites during amphibolite facies overprinting. However, the least altered eclogites sometimes contain garnet and omphacite that preserve compositional zoning patterns which may have originated during their growth at peak temperature conditions of ∼ 750 °C, suggesting a short duration of UHP metamorphic conditions and/or consequent rapid cooling during exhumation. Systematic investigation on peak metamorphic temperatures of coesite eclogite have revealed that, contrary to the general trend of metamorphic grade in the southern Dabie unit, the coesite eclogite zone shows rather flat thermal structure (T = 600 ± 50 °C) with the highest temperature reaching up to 850 °C and no northward increase in metamorphic temperature, which is opposed to the previous interpretations. This feature, along with the preservation of compositional zonation, implies complicated differential movement of each eclogite mass during UHP metamorphism and the return from the deeper subduction zone at mantle depths to the surface.
Garlic (Allium sativum), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum): performance, nutrient digestibility and blood metabolites in broilers

ABSTRACT The effects of the inclusion of a selected herbal mixture consisting of fenugreek, garlic and coriander (FGC) in different levels of growth performance, digestibility of nutrients and blood biochemicals in broiler chickens (Cobb 500) were studied in a 42-day experiment on 360 broilers, which were grouped into 4 treatments. The dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (control) and the same diet with the addition of FGC at rates of 1%, 2%, and 3%. The results showed that the treatment groups exhibited a significantly lower feed intake (P < .01) than the control group. However, significantly (P < .05) higher weight gain was recorded in birds fed with a 1% and 3% mixture of FGC. Significantly (P < .05) higher digestibility of nutrients was found in birds fed with a 1% herbal mixture. The results showed that the blood cholesterol profile was significantly (P < .05) lower in birds fed with a 1% mixture of herbs. In conclusion, an improvement in performance, nutrient digestion and lipid profile was observed in broilers when the herbal mixture of fenugreek, garlic and coriander was added to their diet at the rate of 3%, However, blood lipid profile was better when in response to 1% mixture.
Intracrystalline Transformation of Olivine to Wadsleyite and Ringwoodite Under Subduction Zone Conditions

Experiments on Mg1.8Fe0. 2SiO4 olivine at 18 to 20 gigapascals and 1000° to 1400°C show that transformation to the high-pressure polymorphs wadsleyite and ringwoodite involves two competing nucleation mechanisms when the grain size of the olivine is large: (i) incoherent nucleation on olivine grain boundaries and (ii) coherent intracrystalline nucleation of ringwoodite lamellae on shear-induced stacking faults in olivine on the (100) planes, followed by the nucleation of wadsleyite on the ringwoodite. The large amount of intracrystalline transformation, which occurs under low differential stress under the pressure and temperature conditions of the mantle transition zone, suggests that shear-induced intracrystalline transformation of olivine to wadsleyite and ringwoodite is important in subducting slabs.
Updated archeomagnetic data set of the past 8 millennia from the Sofia laboratory, Bulgaria

This data brief reports the latest updates of archeomagnetic data obtained at the Sofia palaeomagnetic laboratory of the Geophysical Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The current data set consists of measurements from 284 Bulgarian archeological sites covering the past 8000 years. There are also 54 sites from other European regions, namely, Serbia, Kossovo, Greece, Spain, Switzerland, Finland, and Russian Karelia, as well as five sites from Morocco in North Africa. The update of the archeomagnetic results consisted of a thorough revision of all geomagnetic field measurements as well as dating these measurements that were published in the original papers or in previous compilations. The updated results can be found in GEOMAGIA (http://geomagia.ucsd.edu) or as an Excel spreadsheet at the EarthRef.org Digital Archive (http://earthref.org/cgi‐bin/erda.cgi? n = 946).
Polyacrylamide effect on infiltration and erosion in furrows

Surface sealing and crusting are important factors affecting runoff and erosion in many cultivated soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of low rates of surface-applied anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) on surface sealing and crusting, water infiltration, and soil erosion. A series of experiments was conducted on a Cecil sandy loam soil (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) in ridge-furrow-type field plots (3.5 by 0.92 m). Polyacrylamide solutions containing 1 kg solids m -3 and 2.5 mol CaSO 4 m -3 were sprayed onto dry soil surfaces at 15 and 30 kg ha -1 rates with two replicates each. Three simulated rains, 31 min each, were applied at an intensity of 85 mm h -1 at 2-wk intervals. Final infiltration rates were 30 mm h -1 for the control treatment for all three rains and were >85 mm h -1 for the first rain and 45 mm h -1 for the two following rains for the PAM treatments. Total soil loss of the control was 1.62 kg m -2 for the first rain, while the average soil loss of the two PAM treatments was only 0.03 kg m -2 . For two subsequent rains, although the differences were narrowed, soil loss from PAM was 48 to 66% less than from the control. The percentage of sediments >0.5 mm in the PAM treatments was 45% greater than in the control, indicating high aggregate stability with PAM addition. The sediment reduction was attributed to the significant reduction of runoff and the prevention of rill formation due to PAM addition. Based on this study, surface application of PAM at a rate of 15 kg ha -1 controlled surface sealing and crusting and therefore reduced runoff and erosion.
Plant Nutrition Affected by Soil Salinity and Response of Rhizobium Regarding the Nutrients Accumulation

Identification of nutritional disorders in crops growing on saline soils may facilitate the development of breeding or agronomic practices that improve yields in saline areas. The aim of present review was to study the impact of salinity on the mineral nutrient. Nutrient disturbances under salinity and reduce plant growth by affecting the availability, transport, and partitioning of nutrients. Salinity may cause nutrient deficiencies or imbalances, due to the competition of Na + and Cl - with nutrients such as K + , Ca 2+ , and NO 3 . In saline soils N is one of the most growth - limiting nutrient. Phosphorus deficiency treatment decreased the whole plant fresh and dry mass, nodule weight, number and functioning. Potassium uptake by plants can be affected by high salinity and the Na concentration in the soil solution. There is abundant evidence that Na and the Na/Ca ratio affects K uptake and accumulation within plant cells and organs and that salt tolerance is correlated with selectivity for K uptake over Na.
THE DISCRIMINATORY SIGNIFICANCE BETWEEN THOSE WITH HIGH AND LOW ACADEMIC EFFICACY IN STRATEGIC THINKING AND HABITS OF MIND AMONG FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The current research aimed to identify the discriminatory significance between those with high and low academic efficacy in strategic thinking and productive habits of mind among female university students. For this purpose, the academic efficacy scale, the strategic thinking scale, and the productive habits of mind scale were applied to a sample consisting of (126) female students. The descriptive research approach was utilized due to its suitability to the research nature. Results indicated that there was a low level of strategic thinking among university students, there was a relationship between strategic thinking and productive habits of mind, and there were statistically significant differences between those of high and low academic efficacy in strategic thinking and habits of mind. These results can be utilized in enhancing academic proficiency among university female students and providing planners with practical outcomes that contribute to promoting academic proficiency, strategic thinking, and productive mental habits among university students.
Clinical Value of Clip-and-Snare Assisted Endoscopic Submucosal Resection in Treatment of Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors

Introduction: The aim of the study was to introduce a new endoscopic technology, clip-and-snare assisted endoscopic submucosal resection (CS-ESMR), for treatment of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and then to investigate the therapeutic value of CS-ESMR. Methods: In this retrospective study, 67 patients who underwent endoscopic treatment of rectal NETs from March 2017 to December 2021 were analyzed. According to the endoscopic resection methods (endoscopic mucosal resection [EMR], CS-ESMR, and endoscopic submucosal dissection [ESD]), the cases were divided into CS-ESMR group (27 cases), ESD group (31 cases), and EMR group (9 cases). The pathological R0 resection rate and the incidence of adverse events (bleeding and perforation) were compared among the three groups. Results: There was a significant difference about the pathological R0 resection between the CS-ESMR group and the EMR group and between the CS-ESMR group and the ESD group (both p < 0.05). Compared with ESD group, the procedure time, intraoperative bleeding, and the cost of CS-ESMR group are significantly decreased (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: CS-ESMR may be a safe and effective treatment for rectal NETs with a diameter of less than 10 mm, without muscularis propria invasion and metastasis.
The Present and Future of the West African Monsoon: A Process-Oriented Assessment of CMIP5 Simulations along the AMMA Transect

AbstractThe present assessment of the West African monsoon in the models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phase 5 (CMIP5) indicates little evolution since the third phase of CMIP (CMIP3) in terms of both biases in present-day climate and climate projections.The outlook for precipitation in twenty-first-century coupled simulations exhibits opposite responses between the westernmost and eastern Sahel. The spread in the trend amplitude, however, remains large in both regions. Besides, although all models predict a spring and summer warming of the Sahel that is 10%–50% larger than the global warming, their temperature response ranges from 0 to 7 K.CMIP5 coupled models underestimate the monsoon decadal variability, but SST-imposed simulations succeed in capturing the recent partial recovery of monsoon rainfall. Coupled models still display major SST biases in the equatorial Atlantic, inducing a systematic southward shift of the monsoon. Because of these strong biases, the monsoon is further .
Seasonal variation in velocity before retreat of Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland

Using repeat‐pass satellite feature tracking, the dynamic behaviour of Jakobshavn Isbræ, which drains around 7% of the Greenland ice sheet, is investigated in improved detail through its recent period of thinning, acceleration and retreat. The departure in 1995 from the normal seasonal invariance in velocity near the grounding line suggests a possible change in dynamics well before the subsequent thinning phase. The initiation of the acceleration and retreat is pinpointed to spring 1998 and may have been prompted by the same mechanism that gave rise to the spring 1995 flow increase.