Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants Against Diarrhoea Causing Pathogens

Diarrhea has been a major cause of death, especially among children in developing countries. Traditional preparations of medicinal plants with antimicrobial activities have been extensively used in West African regions. This study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activities of selected medicinal plants against pathogens that cause diarrhea. Fresh leaves of three medicinal plants, namely Anogeissus leiocarpus, Vernonia amygdalina, and Piliostigma thonningii, were collected in Minna, Niger State. Pathogens causing diarrhea (Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella enterica serovar) were isolated and identified from stool samples of individuals suffering from diarrhea. The plant material was extracted using the maceration technique with methanol. The antibacterial effectiveness of the selected plant extracts was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the Broth tube dilution method, while the minimum bactericidal concentration was determined by plating out on nutrient agar plates with no visible growth. The results indicated that all plant extracts effectively suppressed the microbial growth of diarrhea-causing bacteria with varying potency. Among them, the extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus consistently exhibited the largest inhibitory zone diameters across all three bacterial strains at a concentration of 300 mg/mL (Vibrio cholerae: 32.33 mm, Klebsiella pneumoniae: 34.00 mm, and Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky: 36.33 mm). This extract can be considered the most active. For Anogeissus leiocarpus, the MIC values ranged from 0.19 to 0.96 mg/mL, and the MBC values ranged from 0.20 to 1.09 mg/mL. For Vernonia amygdalina, the MIC values ranged from 0.96 to 1.80 mg/mL, and the MBC values ranged from 1.20 to 1.920 mg/mL. The results of this study validate the traditional use of these plants in medicine. However, further studies, including the isolation and identification of active compounds would be necessary to fully understand the mechanisms behind the observed antimicrobial effects.
EXPLORING THE CORE ELEMENTS OF SERVICE PROCESS STRUCTURE IN HOTEL INDUSTRY: ARE THERE ANY COMMON MODELS AND DEFINITIONS?

There is an extensive literature confirming that overall business performance can be enhanced by adopting a process-based view of the business that is measured through quality outcomes and customer satisfaction. The importance of focusing attention on business processes is widely recognized and accepted although all uncertainties and operating difficulties within management practice. Our study was motivated by the idea that the lack of well-established conceptual models and definitions of business process play a role in the challenge and difficulty facing organizations when to put the notion of process into practice depending on which processes belonging to a particular activity. The aim of this paper is to describe the findings from the study aiming at forming the conceptual apparatus of service process in hotels to improve service process outcomes in a more systematic manner. By analyzing the data obtained through in-depth interviews, there are several descriptions and definitions of service process from three different perspectives provided by hotel managers, but none that seems to be really widespread and well-established definition with a high emphasis on operational standard procedures (SOPs) of hotel activities and the value can be added through the effective and accurate implementation. Thus, there is a need to pay more attention to additional core elements of service processes while planning hotel operation processes and preparing the relevant SOPs by the owner company.
Implementation of Regression Analysis to The Influence of Democratic Leadership, Communication, Work Culture, and Ability on Employee Performance in Regional Development Planning Agency Labuhanbatu District

This study aims to analyze The Influence of Democratic Leadership, Communication, Work Culture and Capability on Employee Performance at the Regional Development Planning Agency of Labuhanbatu Regency. The research method used in this research is quantitative. In this study, the population consisted of 60 employees of the Labuhanbatu Regency Regional Development Planning Agency. The research sample usesSampling technique is saturated by attracting the entire existing population to be used as a research samplea total of 60 people. Data collection techniques used were observation, documentation studies and questionnaires. The method of analysis of this research is multiple linear regression with the SPSS program. The research results prove that Democratic Leadership positive and significant effect on Employee Performance at the Regional Development Planning Board of Labuhanbatu Regency. Communication positive and significant effect on Employee Performance at the Regional Development Planning Board of Labuhanbatu Regency. Work Culture positive and significant effect on Employee Performance at the Regional Development Planning Board of Labuhanbatu Regency. Ability positive and significant effect on Employee Performance at the Regional Development Planning Board of Labuhanbatu Regency. Democratic Leadership, Communication, Work Culture And Capability simultaneously positive and significant effect on Employee Performance at the Regional Development Planning Board of Labuhanbatu Regency. The coefficient of determination is 0.732, meaning that employee performance can be explained by variables Democratic Leadership (X1), Communication (X2), Work Culture (X3) and Ability (X4) of 79.7%, while the remaining 20.3% can be explained by other variables not examined in this study.
Scaling laws governing the NF3 cleaning plasma in a large area reactor

An important part of the thin film Silicon PECVD technology for photovoltaic industry is the Flourine based plasma cleaning of the reactor. Precursors like CxFy, SF6, NF3 or even F2 can be used. The present paper investigates scaling laws governing the processes in NF3 plasma in a large area reactor.
Training Needs of Jordanian EFL Teachers in Pronunciation Instruction: A Case Study

Objectives: This study aims to enhance our understanding of the training requirements of Jordanian EFL teachers regarding English pronunciation and speaking instruction, considering the perspectives of both teachers and supervisors. Methods: The study involved the participation of 372 teachers and 6 supervisors. The teachers completed a questionnaire expressing their opinions on their needs for capacity building in English pronunciation instruction, while supervisors engaged in semi-structured interviews to discuss their perspectives on teacher training in this area.Both qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed. Results: The study revealed that 74.8% of the participating teachers expressed a need for more specialized training in teaching English pronunciation. This need was further emphasized by the supervisors during the interviews. Conclusions: Jordanian EFL teachers require tailored capacity building in the instruction of English pronunciation and speaking. The findings from this research can be utilized by supervisors to emphasize the necessity for remedial programs for both teachers and students. Additionally, supervisors can propose a plan for training teachers on the use of new technologies that facilitate the teaching of this skill.
Evaluasi Digital Library AMIK AKMI Baturaja Menggunakan HOT Fit Model

Perpustakaan merupakan sarana penunjang belajar bagi peserta didik di semua tingkatan pendidikan , untuk memberikan pelayanan yang baik bagi pengguna perpustakaan tentunya tidak terlepas dari peran teknologi informasi. Dengan menggunakan sistem informasi maka banyak kemudahan yang dapat dirasakan dan penggunaan sistem informasi harus dikembangkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan informasi yang dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi digital library AMIK AKMI yang belum lama di implementasikan, metode yang digunakan adalah HOT(Human, Organization, thecnology) yang didalamnya terdapat beberapa faktor yaitu kualitas sistem, kualitas informasi, kualitas layanan, penggunaan sistem, kepuasan pengguna dan manfaat sistem. Dari hasil penelitian ini secara keseluruhan dapat diketahui bahwa hubungan antara ketiga variabel yakni Human, Organization dan Thecnology memiliki hubungan yang kuat, dan saling mempengaruhi antara variabel satu dengan variabel lainnya. Meski demikian masih dibutuhkan perbaikan dari beberapa hal yang menjadi kelemahan digital library AMIK AKMI untuk peningkatan kepuasan pengguna terhadap layanan yang diberikan melalui digital library.
Influence of Hempseed Meal on Fresh Goat Meat Characteristics Stored in Vacuum Packaging

Simple Summary Hempseed meal (HSM) is a by-product of hemp manufacturing that can be an excellent source of crude protein and fiber in animal diets. Before accepting HSM as a feed ingredient throughout the food animal industry, the Food and Drug Administration’s Center for Veterinary Medicine requires extensive evaluation and documentation of feed ingredients across a species. Hemp contains nine essential amino acids and a healthy balance of the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. HSM may be a potential new source of feedstuff for animals; however, an understanding of the effects of HSM on meat characteristics is limited in the literature. The current study was conducted to determine whether HSM will influence goat meat quality, shelf stability, or objective tenderness. Including HSM (0, 10, 20, or 30% inclusion rate in the total diet, on an as-fed basis) as a by-product ingredient caused changes to the surface color, postmortem pH, and instrumental tenderness measurements. However, HSM did not cause a deleterious effect on carcass characteristics. Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the influence of hempseed meal (HSM) on goat meat characteristics. Goats (N = 10/treatment) were allocated to a diet concentration (0, 10, 20, or 30%) of HSM, fed for 60 days, and harvested. Carcass measurements were collected after chilling, and subsequently fabricated into wholesale subprimals. From the subprimals of the shoulder and leg, steaks were cut 2.54 cm thick, vacuum packaged, and assigned to laboratory methods: cook yield, instrumental color, lipid oxidation, microbial spoilage, and instrumental tenderness. HSM did not alter (p > 0.05) carcass characteristics, microbial spoilage, cook loss, or the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). However, a decrease in objective tenderness measurements (p < 0.05) was observed with greater concentrations of HSM supplementation in the diet. Instrumental surface color values for lightness (L*) indicated that steaks became lighter and less red (a*) as storage time increased (p < 0.05). Results suggest that HSM and storage time do not alter some goat meat traits, but HSM or storage time separately may influence goat meat quality. HSM may be an effective feed ingredient that does not alter carcass quality or meat yield.
Macrophage susceptibility to infection by Ghanaian Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex lineages 4 and 5 varies with self-reported ethnicity

Background The epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) lineage 5 (L5) infections in Ghana revealed a significantly increased prevalence in Ewes compared to other self-reported ethnic groups. In that context, we sought to investigate the early phase of tuberculosis (TB) infection using ex vivo infection of macrophages derived from the blood of Ewe and Akan ethnic group volunteers with MTBC L4 and L5 strains. Methods The study participants consisted of 16 controls, among which self-reported Akan and Ewe ethnicity was equally represented, as well as 20 cured TB cases consisting of 11 Akans and 9 Ewes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from both healthy controls and cured TB cases. CD14+ monocytes were isolated and differentiated into monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) before infection with L4 or L5 endemic strains. The bacterial load was assessed after 2 hours (uptake) as well as 3 and 7 days post-infection. Results We observed a higher capacity of MDMs from Ewes to phagocytose L4 strains (p < 0.001), translating into a higher bacillary load on day 7 (p < 0.001) compared to L5, despite the higher replication rate of L5 in Ewe MDMs (fold change: 1.4 vs. 1.2, p = 0.03) among the controls. On the contrary, within macrophages from Akans, we observed a significantly higher phagocytic uptake of L5 (p < 0.001) compared to L4, also translating into a higher load on day 7 (p = 0.04). However, the replication rate of L4 in Akan MDMs was higher than that of L5 (fold change: L4 = 1.2, L4 = 1.1, p = 0.04). Although there was no significant difference in the uptake of L4 and L5 among cured TB cases, there was a higher bacterial load of both L4 (p = 0.02) and L5 (p = 0.02) on day 7 in Ewe MDMs. Conclusion Our results suggest that host ethnicity (driven by host genetic diversity), MTBC genetic diversity, and individual TB infection history are all acting together to modulate the outcome of macrophage infections by MTBC.
Interventional Mental Health: A Transdisciplinary Approach to Novel Psychiatric Care Delivery

Mental health disorders are among the most common health conditions in the United States. Traditional clinical treatments rely on psychiatric counseling and, in many cases, prescription medications. We propose an innovative model, Interventional Mental Health, which employs a combination of modalities through a multifaceted approach to treat conditions that have exhibited limited responsiveness to traditional methods and individuals afflicted with multiple comorbidities simultaneously. We hypothesize that creating a unique treatment algorithm combining current therapeutic modalities such as Stellate Ganglion Blocks (SGB), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) therapy, and ketamine therapy, within a consolidated timeframe, will yield synergistic outcomes among patients presenting with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and/or anxiety.
Cepharanthine Exerts Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Macrophages and DSS-Induced Colitis Mice

Cepharanthine (CEP), a biscoclaurine alkaloid extracted from Stephania cepharantha Hayata, has been widely used for the treatment of various acute and chronic diseases, including leukopenia, and snake bites. Here, our objective was to investigate the anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response effects of CEP in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages as well as dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Our findings demonstrated that supplementation with CEP effectively mitigates body weight loss and elevation of disease activity index (DAI), reduces the malondialdehyde (MDA) content to 2.45 nM/mL while increasing the reduced glutathione (GSH) content to 35.53 μg/mL, inhibits inflammatory response, and maintains proper intestinal epithelium tight junctions in DSS-induced wild type (WT) mice. However, it failed to provide protective effects in DSS-induced transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) knockout (NRF2−/−) mice. GSH content decreased to 10.85 μg/106 cells following LPS treatment, whereas supplementation with CEP increased the GSH content to 12.26 μg/106 cells. Moreover, CEP effectively attenuated ROS production in LPS-induced macrophages. Additionally, CEP exhibited inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators in LPS-induced macrophages. Furthermore, we observed that supplementation with CEP promoted the expression of NRF2/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)/NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) as well as the phosphorylation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha 1 (AMPK-α1)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) signaling pathway in macrophages while inhibiting the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) signaling pathway in LPS-induced macrophages. Although CEP did not demonstrate inhibitory effects on oxidative stress or promote the expression of HO-1/NQO-1, it effectively activated the phosphorylation of the AMPK-α1/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway which is an upstream regulator of NRF2 in LPS-induced primary peritoneal macrophages from NRF2−/− mice. In summary, our findings suggest that CEP exerts protective effects against oxidative stress and inflammatory response by activating the AMPK-α1/AKT/GSK-3β/NRF2 signaling pathway while concurrently inhibiting the activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. These results not only elucidate the mechanisms underlying CEP’s protective effects on colon oxidative stress and inflammation but also provide evidence supporting NRF2 as a potential therapeutic target for IBD treatment.
The Diagnostic Process for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Preliminary Study of Jordanian Parents’ Perspectives

Although extensive research has been conducted worldwide to investigate the diagnostic process of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Jordanian parents’ experiences have been overlooked. This study explored parents’ journeys toward receiving diagnoses for their children with ASD. In particular, it aimed to provide a clear picture of the process for obtaining these diagnoses for children in Jordan. Methods: Eighteen semi-structured interviews were carried out with 12 mothers and six fathers of children with ASD aged 5 to 11 years old. Results: The coding process was based on a thematic analysis method and resulted in the identification of three overlapping themes: dissatisfaction with professionals’ abilities to approach parents, an unstructured diagnostic process, and perspectives on diagnosis tools. Conclusions: Our data upheld the idea that parental satisfaction with the diagnostic process is influenced by the duration of the process, the information provided, the support offered, and the communication approach used by professionals. Within the local cultural context, parents were significantly impacted by the societal stigma associated with disability when they sought diagnoses for their children with ASD.
Merton Model of Default Risk and Stock Return: Evidence from Indonesian Stock Market

The study of the characteristics of risk and return has received great attention. Several studies in finance literature have tested whether default risk influences firms’ stock returns, but the results are often conflicting. Previous research derives varying empirical results because they refer to default risk indicators and samples from different equity markets. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of default risk on stock return using data taken from non-financial companies on the Indonesia Composite Index (IDX Composite) in Indonesia for the 2008-2017 research period. This study uses Merton’s (1974) model as done by Vassalou & Xing (2004) to build a proxy for the risk of default. The advantage of this model is that it considers the volatility of firms’ assets in estimating default risk. Companies can have similar equity and debt levels but possibly have very different default probabilities. The results of the study show that default risk has a positive and significant effect on equity returns.
The dietary behaviour of early pleistocene bovids from Cooper's Cave and Swartkrans, South Africa

There is ongoing speculation about how an increasingly arid environment contributed to the extinction of Paranthropus robustus, given that a mosaic landscape with a major part of the area consisting of predominantly open grassland environment accompanied by an escalating cooler drier climate remains the persistent palaeoecological reconstruction for this species. It has been suggested that P. robustus, a dietary specialist, was not able to adapt to an increasingly xeric habitat. This notion has been challenged by recent multidisciplinary research on P. robustus remains, including stable light isotope and dental microwear analyses, which portray a more complex diet. Paranthropus robustus is present in a number of key fossil assemblages spanning the period ca. 1.8 to 1.0 Ma. Analysis of the stable carbon isotope composition of bioapatites and dental microwear texture analysis of different bovid taxa, associated with P. robustus remains from five discrete deposits, were used to reconstruct dietary behaviour and by inference availability of local resources. The overall pattern emerging from the bovid data indicates a more mixed and varied diet than previously thought, suggesting a heterogeneous environment, and hence a less static ecological profile for Paranthropus. The significant occurrence of mixed diets and relatively few obligate C4 grazers suggest that although C4 grasses were available in a mosaic environment, a C4-dominated ecosystem was not present. Swartkrans Member 2 (ca. 1.6 Ma) contains substantially more C3 feeders than other P. robustus deposits, signifying a vegetation community structure that was more C3-dominated than the other deposits. There is an apparent indication of shifting vegetation structure between
Final eradication of feral cats from sub-Antarctic Marion Island, southern Indian Ocean

The last stages of the eradication of feral domestic cats Felis catus from sub-Antarctic Marion Island are described. After four seasons of hunting, intensive gin-trapping from 1990 and poisoning with sodium monofluoroacetate from 1991 were incorporated into the eradication campaign. Hunting became totally ineffective at low densities, while trapping became more effective. Poisoning was added to rid the island of any remaining cats. The last live cat was sighted and shot in January 1991, while the last cat was trapped in July 1991. No sign of cats has been seen on the island in the subsequent eight years, and it is stated with complete confidence that feral house cats have finally been eradicated from Marion Island.
Enhanced Membrane Fluidization and Cholesterol Displacement by 1-Heptanol Inhibit Mast Cell Effector Functions

Signal transduction by the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) depends on membrane lipid and protein compartmentalization. Recently published data show that cells treated with 1-heptanol, a cell membrane fluidizer, exhibit changes in membrane properties. However, the functional consequences of 1-heptanol-induced changes on mast cell signaling are unknown. This study shows that short-term exposure to 1-heptanol reduces membrane thermal stability and dysregulates mast cell signaling at multiple levels. Cells treated with 1-heptanol exhibited increased lateral mobility and decreased internalization of the FcεRI. However, this did not affect the initial phosphorylation of the FcεRI-β chain and components of the SYK/LAT1/PLCγ1 signaling pathway after antigen activation. In contrast, 1-heptanol inhibited SAPK/JNK phosphorylation and effector functions such as calcium response, degranulation, and cytokine production. Membrane hyperfluidization induced a heat shock-like response via increased expression of the heat shock protein 70, increased lateral diffusion of ORAI1-mCherry, and unsatisfactory performance of STIM1-ORAI1 coupling, as determined by flow-FRET. Furthermore, 1-heptanol inhibited the antigen-induced production of reactive oxygen species and potentiated stress-induced plasma membrane permeability by interfering with heat shock protein 70 activity. The combined data suggest that 1-heptanol-mediated membrane fluidization does not interfere with the earliest biochemical steps of FcεRI signaling, such as phosphorylation of the FcεRI-β chain and components of the SYK/LAT/PLCγ1 signaling pathway, instead inhibiting the FcεRI internalization and mast cell effector functions, including degranulation and cytokine production.