Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversity and Distribution of Calonectria Species in Soils from Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis, Pinus massoniana, and Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations in Four Provinces in Southern China

The species of Calonectria include many notorious plant pathogens and are widely distributed around the world. Leaf blight caused by Calonectria species is considered one of the most prominent diseases in Eucalyptus plantations in China. Some Calonectria species isolated from soils in Eucalyptus plantations are highly pathogenic to inoculated Eucalyptus genotypes. In southern China, the plantation trees Cunninghamia lanceolata, Eucalyptus spp. , and Pinus massoniana are always adjacently planted, especially in FuJian, GuangDong, GuangXi, and YunNan Provinces. The aim of this study was to understand the diversity and distribution of Calonectria in soils from plantations of different tree species in different geographic regions. Soil samples were collected from 12 sampling sites in Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis, P. massoniana, and C. lanceolata plantations in FuJian, GuangDong, GuangXi, and YunNan Provinces. Approximately 250 soil samples were collected from each sampling site, and a total of 2991 soil samples were obtained. A total of 1270 Calonectria isolates were obtained from 1270 soil samples. The 1270 isolates were identified based on DNA sequence comparisons of the partial gene regions of act, cmdA, his3, rpb2, tef1, and tub2. These isolates were identified as 11 Calonectria species: Calonectria aconidialis (69.50%), C. kyotensis (13.10%), C. hongkongensis (10.80%), C. ilicicola (2.50%), C. asiatica (2.36%), C. curvispora (0.31%), C. chinensis (0.24%), C. pacifica (0.24%), C. yunnanensis (0.16%), and C. canadiana (0.08%) in the C. kyotensis species complex and C. eucalypti (0.71%) in the C. colhounii species complex. The three dominant species, C. aconidialis, C. kyotensis, and C. hongkongensis, were widely distributed. The richness of Calonectria (percentage of soil samples that yielded Calonectria) in soils in the eastern regions (relatively humid regions) was higher than that in the western regions. The Calonectria richness of E. urophylla × E. grandis, P. massoniana, and C. lanceolata plantations decreased gradually. For each of the three dominant species, its richness in the eastern regions was generally higher than that in the western regions; the species richness was highest in E. urophylla × E. grandis plantations for C. aconidialis, while for each of C. kyotensis and C. hongkongensis, its species richness was highest in P. massoniana plantations. The genetic variation in C. aconidialis, C. kyotensis, and C. hongkongensis was more greatly affected by geographic region than by plantation tree species. This study expanded our understanding of the richness, species diversity, and distribution characteristics of Calonectria in soils from the plantations of different tree species in different geographic regions in southern China. Results in this study enhanced our understanding of the influencing characteristics of geographic region and tree species on the species and genetic diversity of soilborne fungi.
Children in Hong Kong interacting with relatively wild nature (vs. domestic nature) engage in less dominating and more relational behaviors

Abstract Might interacting with relatively wild forms of nature help move our world away from its largely domination-oriented and destructive sensibilities? Toward broaching this question, this study used an Interaction Pattern Approach to model child-nature interaction in a Hong Kong nature program. Observational video data were collected of 54 children (mean age 4.8 years) while they were playing in relatively wild or domestic landscapes. In total, 708 interactions were coded and categorized based on 37 distinct interaction patterns. Based on this modeling, we then tested two hypotheses: (1) that in the more domesticated nature areas, children would engage in more domination interaction patterns (e.g., catching wild animals), and (2) in the more wild nature areas, children would engage in more relational interaction patterns (e.g., cohabitating with wild animals). Both hypotheses were supported statistically. Discussion focuses on the importance of interacting with relatively wild aspects of nature, even in urban areas.
Discrimination of AR, MA and ARMA time series models

The problem of discrimination between two stationary ARMA time series models is considered, and in particular AR(p), MA(p), ARMA(1,1) models. The discriminant based on the likelihood ration leads to a quadratic form that is generally too complicated to evaluated explicitly. The discriminant can be expressed approximately as a linear combination of independent chi–squared random varianles each with one degree of freedom, the coefficients, of which are eigenvalues of cumbersome matrices. An analytical solution which gives the coefficients approximately is suggested.
Image Classification and Automated Machine Learning to Classify Lung Pathologies in Deceased Feedlot Cattle

Simple Summary Respiratory syndromes are the main cause of ill and deceased animals in the feedlot industry. The correct diagnostic of lung lesions is important to prevent and adapt managements strategies within feedyards. The necropsy of deceased animals is veterinarians’ main tool for postmortem diagnoses; however, it is prone to time and location constraints. Necropsy image analysis can be used to overcome these challenges. Image classification models using machine learning were developed to determine respiratory syndromes’ diagnostic accuracy in right lateral necropsied feedlot cattle lungs. Models performed better at classifying bovine respiratory disease and bronchopneumonia with an interstitial pattern compared to acute interstitial pneumonia. Models developed still require fine-tuning; however, they present potential to assist veterinarians in diagnosing lung diseases during field necropsies. Abstract Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) are the main reported respiratory syndromes (RSs) causing significant morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle. Recently, bronchopneumonia with an interstitial pattern (BIP) was described as a concerning emerging feedlot lung disease. Necropsies are imperative to assist lung disease diagnosis and pinpoint feedlot management sectors that require improvement. However, necropsies can be logistically challenging due to location and veterinarians’ time constraints. Technology advances allow image collection for veterinarians’ asynchronous evaluation, thereby reducing challenges. This study’s goal was to develop image classification models using machine learning to determine RS diagnostic accuracy in right lateral necropsied feedlot cattle lungs. Unaltered and cropped lung images were labeled using gross and histopathology diagnoses generating four datasets: unaltered lung images labeled with gross diagnoses, unaltered lung images labeled with histopathological diagnoses, cropped images labeled with gross diagnoses, and cropped images labeled with histopathological diagnoses. Datasets were exported to create image classification models, and a best trial was selected for each model based on accuracy. Gross diagnoses accuracies ranged from 39 to 41% for unaltered and cropped images. Labeling images with histopathology diagnoses did not improve average accuracies; 34–38% for unaltered and cropped images. Moderately high sensitivities were attained for BIP (60–100%) and BRD (20–69%) compared to AIP (0–23%). The models developed still require fine-tuning; however, they are the first step towards assisting veterinarians’ lung diseases diagnostics in field necropsies.
A SEARCH FOR RED-DWARF MEMBERS OF THE COMA STAR CLUSTER.

A photometric search for red dwarfs belonging to the Coma star cluster is reported. Observations in B, V, R and I were obtained for 88 stars in the region of the Coma cluster using a pulse-counting photometer with a GaAs photomultiplier attached to a 0.9-m reflector. Cluster membership of the stars was determined on the basis of the deviation of stellar position in V, (B-V) and V, (R-I) diagrams from the nominal main sequence. Of the 25 stars suggested as possible members by Artyukhina (1955) and the 29 additional stars suggested by Malmquist (1927), only three stars are found to be possible members on the basis of this criterion. The possible membership of only one of the two stars suggested by Argue and Kenworthy on the basis of proper motions and photographic photometry is confirmed. It is concluded that the number of red-dwarf members of the Coma cluster with V magnitudes between 10.5 and 15.5 is unlikely to be greater than ten.
ICT Governance Performance Implications in Higher Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Several studies have underscored the importance of ICT governance for organizations that wish to leverage ICT capabilities to achieve strategic goals. This is also true for higher education institutions. However, there is still a lack of consolidated view on factors associated with ICT governance effectiveness in higher education. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review of the factors related to ICT governance effectiveness to address this gap. Our finding suggests that three groups of factors are associated with ICT governance effectiveness: Relational mechanism (Office of the CIO, internal communication, and leadership), ICT governance structure (ICT strategy committee, relationship managers, and steering committees), and ICT governance processes (strategic ICT planning, framework, and performance measurement).
Ocean acidification affects pigment concentration and photoprotection of marine phytoplankton

Ocean acidification produces significant changes on phytoplankton physiology that can affect their growth and primary production. Among them, a downregulation of the enzymatic activity and the production of different cellular metabolites, including chlorophyll a (Chl a), has been observed in high CO2 cultures under stable conditions. However, the extent of how phytoplankton metabolism regulation under high CO2 conditions affects pigment pools and patterns is unknown. This study shows the effect of the atmospheric CO2 increase on pigment concentration of three important marine primary producers: Thalassiosira pseudonana, Skeletonema costatum, and Emiliania huxleyi. Cultures grown under saturating photosynthetically active radiation were aerated for at least 3 weeks with current concentrations of atmospheric CO2 (0.04% CO2 in air) and with CO2 concentrations expected for future scenarios of climate change (0.1% CO2 in air) to assess the effect of CO2 under acclimated metabolism and stable conditions. Moreover, cultures were also subjected to a perturbation (4 h without aeration) to assess responses under non‐stable conditions. The results showed that light harvesting and photoprotective pigment concentrations (i.e., Chl a, Chl c2, ββ‐carotene, diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin, fucoxanthin, among others) decreased significantly under high CO2 and stable conditions, but the response reversed after the perturbation. The de‐epoxidation state of xanthophylls, also showed similar patterns, indicating an increase in phytoplankton sensitivity under high CO2 and stable conditions. The results demonstrate the relevance of CO2 concentration and acclimation status for phytoplankton light absorption and photoprotective response. They also identify fucoxanthin and Chl c2 as suitable biomarkers of phytoplankton carbon metabolism under ocean acidification conditions.
Bivariate distributed lag models for the analysis of temperature‐by‐pollutant interaction effect on mortality

This paper introduces Bivariate Distributed Lags Models (BDLMs) to investigate synergic effect of temperature and airborne particles on mortality. These models seem particulary attractive since they allow to model interactions between such environmental variables accounting for possible delayed effects. A B‐spline framework is used to approximate the coefficient surface of the temperature‐by‐pollutant interaction and possible alternatives are also discussed. A case study of mortality time‐series data in Palermo, Italy, is presented to illustrate the model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of Pyrrole-Based Gate-Controlled Molecular Junctions Optimized for Single-Molecule Aflatoxin B1 Detection

Food contamination by aflatoxins is an urgent global issue due to its high level of toxicity and the difficulties in limiting the diffusion. Unfortunately, current detection techniques, which mainly use biosensing, prevent the pervasive monitoring of aflatoxins throughout the agri-food chain. In this work, we investigate, through ab initio atomistic calculations, a pyrrole-based Molecular Field Effect Transistor (MolFET) as a single-molecule sensor for the amperometric detection of aflatoxins. In particular, we theoretically explain the gate-tuned current modulation from a chemical–physical perspective, and we support our insights through simulations. In addition, this work demonstrates that, for the case under consideration, the use of a suitable gate voltage permits a considerable enhancement in the sensor performance. The gating effect raises the current modulation due to aflatoxin from 100% to more than 103÷104%. In particular, the current is diminished by two orders of magnitude from the μA range to the nA range due to the presence of aflatoxin B1. Our work motivates future research efforts in miniaturized FET electrical detection for future pervasive electrical measurement of aflatoxins.
Quasi-Biennial Fluctuations in Sea Level Pressures over the Northern Hemisphere

Abstract An investigation is made into the presence of quasi-biennial oscillations (QBOs) in sea-level pressure fields over the Northern Hemisphere. Using 55 years (1925–79) of seasonally averaged sea-level pressure anomalies, a series of analyses has been performed in order to systematically isolate and describe the QBOs. A standard empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the seasonal anomalies reveals significant nonrandomness at QBO periods. The data were then band-pass filtered in order to focus on the QBO, and a second EOF analysis was performed. Finally, a new complex EOF analysis technique was applied to the data. Complex EOFs have the advantage of permitting both standing and propagating modes. The QBO variance in six standard EOFs is essentially confined to four EOFs in the filtered data set and compressed into three complex EOFs. The latter account for 56% of the filtered variance. The dominant mode of the complex EOF analysis was common to all analyses and has been found in many other s.
Effects of Sports, Exercise Training, and Physical Activity in Children with Congenital Heart Disease—A Review of the Published Evidence

Children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) should be encouraged to adopt a physically active lifestyle, ideally by participating in sports activities at school and sports clubs. Children with complex CHD or other risk factors (for example, pacemakers, cardioverter-defibrillators, channelopathies) may, however, need specific individualized training programs. This review article summarizes the current knowledge regarding the clinical effects of sports and exercise training on CHD and its pathophysiologic mechanisms. An evidence-based approach based on a literature search, using PubMed, Medline, CINHAL, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted, last completed on 30 December 2021. In studies with 3256 CHD patients in total, including 10 randomized controlled trials, 14 prospective interventional trials, 9 observational trials, and 2 surveys, exercise training has been shown to improve exercise capacity and physical activity, motoric skills, muscular function, and quality of life. Sports and exercise training appears to be effective and safe in CHD patients. Despite being cost-efficient, training programs are currently scarcely reimbursed; therefore, support from healthcare institutions, commissioners of healthcare, and research-funding institutions is desirable. There is a strong need to establish specialized rehabilitation programs for complex CHD patients to enhance these patients’ access to this treatment intervention. Further studies may be desirable to confirm these data to investigate the impact on risk profiles and to identify the most advantageous training methodology and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
Boundary-layer transition on a 10-deg cone - Wind tunnel/flight correlation

Boundary-layer transition location measurements were made on a 10-deg sharp cone in 23 wind tunnels of the US and Europe and in flight. The data were acquired at subsonic, transonic, and supersonic Mach numbers over a range of unit Reynolds numbers to obtain an improved understanding of wind tunnel flow quality influence. Cone surface microphone measurements showed Tollmien-Schlichting waves present. Transition location defined by pitot probe measurements showed transition Reynolds number to be correlatable to cone surface disturbance amplitude within + or - 20 percent for the majority of tunnel and flight data.
Kinematics of the v=1, J=1→0 SiO masers at 43 GHz towards TX Cam – a new 73-frame movie

We present a new version of the movie of the SiO masers around the Mira variable TX Cam. It consists of 73 frames (60 observed epochs) with data covering almost two complete stellar cycles between 1997 May 24 and 2000 May 21. Observations were carried out using the Very Long Baseline Array in biweekly and later at monthly intervals. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the global properties of the emission in the extended atmosphere of the star as well as the kinematics of individual components. The existence of shock waves and their contribution to the morphology and the kinematics of the gas is also examined and compared with theoretical models. Contrary to the dominant expansion observed in the first cycle, both expansion and contraction are observed in the second cycle. The maser variability is correlated with the pulsation of the star but not with the optical intensity. Most of the individual components identified follow the behaviour of the ring, but there are exceptions with more complex three-dimensional trajectories.
A reduced integration solid‐shell finite element based on the EAS and the ANS concept—Large deformation problems

In this paper we address the extension of a recently proposed reduced integration eight‐node solid‐shell finite element to large deformations. The element requires only one integration point within the shell plane and at least two integration points over the thickness. The possibility to choose arbitrarily many Gauss points over the shell thickness enables a realistic and efficient modeling of the non‐linear material behavior. Only one enhanced degree‐of‐freedom is needed to avoid volumetric and Poisson thickness locking. One key point of the formulation is the Taylor expansion of the inverse Jacobian matrix with respect to the element center leading to a very accurate modeling of arbitrary element shapes. The transverse shear and curvature thickness locking are cured by means of the assumed natural strain concept. Further crucial points are the Taylor expansion of the compatible cartesian strain with respect to the center of the element as well as the Taylor expansion of the second Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor with respect to the normal through the center of the element. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homogenisation of transport kinetic equations with oscillating potentials

We consider the homogenisation of transport kinetic equations with a highly periodic oscillating external field. The external field, acting on the particles, consists of a sum of a field deriving from a periodic potential and a bounded periodic perturbation. For the profile function generated by the oscillating solution of the problem, we derive a kinetic model with transmission boundary conditions in the energy variable. In some cases, for example when the field is not perturbed, we deduce a transport kinetic equation with memory effect satisfied by the weak-* limit of the sequence of solutions.
Periodontitis and COVID-19: Immunological Characteristics, Related Pathways, and Association

Both periodontitis and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pose grave threats to public health and social order, endanger human life, and place a significant financial strain on the global healthcare system. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, mounting research has revealed a link between COVID-19 and periodontitis. It is critical to comprehend the immunological mechanisms of the two illnesses as well as their immunological interaction. Much evidence showed that there are many similar inflammatory pathways between periodontitis and COVID-19, such as NF-κB pathway, NLRP3/IL-1β pathway, and IL-6 signaling pathway. Common risk factors such as gender, lifestyle, and comorbidities contribute to the severity of both diseases. Revealing the internal relationship between the two diseases is conducive to the treatment of the two diseases in an emergency period. It is also critical to maintain good oral hygiene and a positive attitude during treatment. This review covers four main areas: immunological mechanisms, common risk factors, evidence of the association between the two diseases, and possible interventions and potential targets. These will provide potential ideas for drug development and clinical treatment of the two diseases.
Quantitative histology-based classification system for assessment of the intestinal mucosal histological changes in patients with celiac disease

Background/Aims The existing histological classifications for the interpretation of small intestinal biopsies are based on qualitative parameters with high intraobserver and interobserver variations. We have developed and propose a quantitative histological classification system for the assessment of intestinal mucosal biopsies. Methods We performed a computer-assisted quantitative histological assessment of digital images of duodenal biopsies from 137 controls and 124 patients with celiac disease (CeD) (derivation cohort). From the receiver-operating curve analysis, followed by multivariate and logistic regression analyses, we identified parameters for differentiating control biopsies from those of the patients with CeD. We repeated the quantitative histological analysis in a validation cohort (105 controls and 120 patients with CeD). On the basis of the results, we propose a quantitative histological classification system. The new classification was compared with the existing histological classifications for interobserver and intraobserver agreements by a group of qualified pathologists. Results Among the histological parameters, intraepithelial lymphocyte count of ≥25/100 epithelial cells, adjusted villous height fold change of ≤0.7, and crypt depth-to-villous height ratio of ≥0.5 showed good discriminative power between the mucosal biopsies from the patients with CeD and those from the controls, with 90.3% sensitivity, 93.5% specificity, and 96.2% area under the curve. Among the existing histological classifications, our quantitative histological classification showed the highest intraobserver (69.7%–85.03%) and interobserver (24.6%–71.5%) agreements. Conclusions Quantitative assessment increases the reliability of the histological assessment of mucosal biopsies in patients with CeD. Such a classification system may be used for clinical trials in patients with CeD.