Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Notes on the prey, nesting behaviour and natural enemies of three Bembix sand wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in the Iberian Peninsula

Abstract Bembix is a cosmopolitan genus with more than 300 species distributed all over the world. The females of these wasps dig burrows in the ground and hunt for flies to feed their larvae. Current knowledge of the nesting behaviour of most Palaearctic species (around 50) is limited. In this study, we provide data on the nest structure, nesting activity, natural enemies and prey captured by three Bembix sand wasps present on the Iberian Peninsula: B. zonata, B. flavescens bolivari and B. merceti. We also analyze the prey spectrum of the three species, comparing our data with those available from previous studies. B. zonata exhibits the greatest selectivity index (and the narrowest niche width), capturing mainly Syrphidae to provision its nests. B. merceti shows the greatest niche width in comparison with the other two species. The inter-annual differences in the diet of B. merceti are important and are probably due to the ability of this wasp to change from one prey resource to another, depending on its availability.
Age‐Related Sperm Quality of Captive Striped Bass Morone saxatilis

Three groups of captive-reared striped bass Morone saxatilis ages 1, 3 and 12 yr, were examined for age-related changes of sperm characteristics including short-term storage. All groups had similar ranges of the following parameters (mean× SEM): expressible milt (5.6× 0.5 mI/kg body weight (BW) to 7.5× 2.1 mL/kg BW), percentage of motile sperm (55× 6% to 60× 2%), duration of sperm motility (69× 3 sec to 72× 5 sec) and percentage of viable sperm (91× 2% to 93× 2%). Compared to the 1 and 12-yr-old fish, the 3-yr-old fish produced the greatest number of spermatozoa (1,190× 370× 109 spermatozoa/kg), sperm concentration (120× 8 × 109 spermatozoa/mL) and spermatocrit (74× 4%). In addition, during short-term storage at 4 C, extender-preserved sperm samples of the 3-yr-old group showed a significantly higher (P < 0.05) percentage of motile sperm and duration of sperm motility, compared to the other two groups. This suggests that short-term storage may be affected by the age of the male fish. Sperm longevity of the 3-yr-old group was successfully maintained for as long as 15 d, longer than that of the 1-yr-old group (9 d) and 12-yr-old group (7 d). Overall, the 3-yr-old fish appeared to have superior sperm quality than the 1 or 12-yr-old fish based on higher sperm production and increased sperm longevity.
Electron Event Representation (EER) data enables efficient cryoEM file storage with full preservation of spatial and temporal resolution

Direct detector device (DDD) cameras have revolutionized electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM) with their high detective quantum efficiency (DQE) and output of movie data. A high ratio of camera frame rate (frames/sec) to camera exposure rate (electrons/pixel/sec) allows electron counting, which further improves DQE and enables recording of super-resolution information. Movie output also allows for computational correction of specimen movement and compensation for radiation damage. However, these movies come at the cost of producing large volumes of data. It is common practice to sum groups of successive camera frames to reduce the final frame rate, and therefore file size, to one suitable for storage and image processing. This reduction in the camera’s temporal resolution requires decisions to be made during data acquisition that may result in the loss of information that could have been advantageous during image analysis. Here we present experimental analysis of a new Electron Event Representation (EER) data format for electron counting DDD movies, which is enabled by new hardware developed by Thermo Fisher Scientific for their Falcon DDD cameras. This format enables recording of DDD movies at the raw camera frame rate without sacrificing either spatial or temporal resolution. Experimental data demonstrate that the method retains super-resolution information and allows correction of specimen movement at the physical frame rate of the camera while maintaining manageable file sizes. The EER format will enable the development of new methods that can utilize the full spatial and temporal resolution of DDD cameras.
Local measurements of nitrate and potassium fluxes along roots of maritime pine. Effects of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis

In order to assess the actual role of ectomycorrhizae in ion uptake by the ectomycorrhizal root system, we used a microelectrode ion flux estimation methodology that provided access to local values of net fluxes. This made it possible to investigate the heterogeneity of ion fluxes along the different types of roots of Pinus pinaster associated or not with ectomycorrhizal species. We compared two fungi able to grow with nitrate in pure culture, Rhizopogon roseolus and Hebeloma cylindrosporum, the former having a positive effect on host tree shoot growth (c. +30%) and the latter a negative effect (c. -30%). In non-mycorrhizal plants (control), NO 3 - was taken up at higher rates by the short roots than by the long ones, whereas K + uptake occurred mainly in growing apices of long roots. In mycorrhizal plants, H. cylindrosporum did not modify K + uptake and even decreased NO 3 - uptake at the level of ectomycorrhizal short roots, whereas R. roseolus strongly increased K + and NO 3 - fluxes at the level of ectomycorrhizal short roots without any modification of the fluxes measured along the fungus-free long roots. The measurement of ion influxes at the surface of the ectomycorrhizal roots can provide a way to reveal actual effects of mycorrhizal association on ion transport in relation to mycorrhizal efficiency in natural conditions.
Evolution of dimery, pentamery and the monocarpellary condition in the monocot family Stemonaceae (Pandanales)

Stemonaceae are a small family of four genera(Table 1) which occur in Asia and Australia, with onegeographically disjunct species (Croomia pauciflora)native to southeastern U.S.A. (Rogers, 1982; Whetstone,1984). They possess petiolate leaves with a broad lami-na, rather than linear sheathing leaves as in most mono-cots, and flowers with dimerous or pentamerous flowers,rather than trimerous flowers as in many other monocots.The Sumatran genus Pentastemona was previouslyplaced in a separate family Pentastemonaceae (Duyfjes,1991, 1992) because it differs from other Stemonaceae inseveral respects, notably in having pentamerous, epigy-nous flowers, as opposed to tetramerous hypogynousflowers, inaperturate (as opposed to monosulcate) pollen(van der Ham, 1991, 1994), and also differences in seedanatomy (Bouman & Devente, 1992). However, Penta-stemona shares similarities with Stemonaceae in leafvenation, a unilocular ovary, and a characteristic aril.Recent multigene molecular analyses (e.g., Caddick &al., 2002) have placed Pentastemona as sister to all otherStemonaceae, prompting APG II (2003) to replace it inits original position within Stemonaceae (Van Steenis,1982). Within the monocots, earlier suggested affinities ofStemonaceae sensu latohave included Dioscoreales,Liliales and Asparagales (for review see Kubitzki, 1998a,b). However, analyses of molecular data have recentlyassigned Stemonaceae to a recircumscribed and wellsupported order Pandanales, together with Cyclantha-ceae, Pandanaceae, Triuridaceae and Velloziaceae (e.g.,Chase & al., 2000). The families of Pandanales are high-ly diverse in both vegetative and reproductive morpholo-gy, and their floral units are often anomalous with respectto more typical monocot flowers. For example, merism isapparently relatively labile in the order: dimery andtetramery are unusual for monocot flowers in general,but occur in Cyclanthaceae, Triuridaceae and Stemona-ceae. Other outstanding questions of floral structure inStemonaceae include whether the gynoecium is mono-
Antireflective Nanoprotuberance Array in the Transparent Wing of a Hawkmoth, Cephonodes hylas

Abstract A transparent wing of a hawkmoth, Cephonodes hylas, has a highly ordered array of nanosized protuberances in its surface. This protuberance array has almost the same morphology as that of the “corneal nipple array”, which is suggested to function as an antireflective device to light, using a scaled model experiment, a theoretical calculation, and a comparative way. For the direct study of the function of this protuberance array, we prepared an artificial wing without protuberances and compared it with an intact one with protuberances. Directly measuring the light reflectance spectra of the intact wing and the artificial one, we demonstrated that the nanocomposite in the Cephopnodes wing decreases the light reflectance by the wing into 29-48% in the broad wavelength range. This anti reflective effect is also showed by the color difference between the wings, coated by gold, with and without protuberances.
Rheumatoid arthritis: The effect of physical rehabilitation guideline On improvement the Activity of daily living (ADL) of female patients

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory polyarthritis It can cause persistent joint pain, joint damage and long-term disability (especially in the hands and feet). The goals of management are to prevent or control joint damage, maximize function and decrease pain. Methods: The study was conducted in the Rheumatology department and outpatient clinic at Assiut university hospital, sample including Fifty female patients with RA, divided in two equal groups. Used The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), The Foot & Ankle Disability Index (FADI) and Michigan Hand outcome Questionnaire to collected of data. The study showed that there were highly significant statistical improvement (p < 0.001) regarding knowledge, total scores of common daily activity in both groups ( z ≤ 2.58 **) , foot and ankle functional status and ADL (z ≤ 2.58 **) and regarding to over hand function , and hand grip strength . Conclusion: based on the finding of the study might be improve treatment in RA by manipulation of education program regarding medication, nutritional counseling and physical exercises. Recommendations: Establishment specialized exercises program for patients with RA should be mainly included in treatment course
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-27 – like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the mucosal layer of canine gastrointestinal tract in physiology and during inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract Changes in the density of mucosal pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide-27 -like immunoreactive (PACAP-27 - LI) nerve fibers within various parts of the canine gastrointestinal (GI) tract during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were investigated. The distribution of nerves were studied, using a single-labelling immunofluorescence technique, in the mucosal layer of canine stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and descending colon. Canine IBD caused an increase in the density of PACAP- 27-LI mucosal nerves in all studied parts of GI tract. The results suggest that PACAP in the nervous system may be involved in pathological processes during IBD.
Functions of hereditary immunity and xenogamy in cancer origin and pandemic spread

The efficacy of means exploited currently for cancer prevention and treatment appeared to be very low. New insights into the origin of the disease are sorely needed. The present article synthesizes the results from integrative reconsideration of actual data on cancer from the viewpoint of recent developments in pathology, epidemiology, immunology, genetics, and evolution. In contrast to the 80 years old hypothesis of somatic mutative origin of carcinogenesis, the revealed set of evidence showed the origin of cancerous clones is based on inherent constitutional incongruence between the regulators of cell physiology and their targets realized in inherent immunity of cancerous cells to normal regulation of cell replication and tissue growth. The incongruence arises out of both genome mutations which led to interethnic differences in the regulator-receptor structures and intercourse between ethnoses, the regulator-receptor evolution of which has been processed to deal with different ecologic conditions. The current pandemic spread of cancer is brought about growing expansion of interethnic xenogamy favored by growing industrialization, urbanization, globalization, and migration. The proposed hypothesis of genome intrusion in the origin of cancer induces new research ideas and proposals for cancer prevention and therapy.
Serological Evidence of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis in Rainbow Trout from a French Outbreak of Disease

Abstract Following the detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in France in April 1987, a serological survey was conducted of the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (formerly Salmo gairdneri) from an infected cultured stock previously known to be contaminated with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) for 3 years. The work lasted from April to December 1987, at which time all the remaining fish were slaughtered. Serum samples were assayed by a plaque-reduction test and a simplified neutralization test that is more suitable for processing large numbers of serum samples. Such investigations revealed that IHNV neutralization by trout antibodies depended on trout complement, as did neutralization of VHSV. Incubation for 16 h at 4°C increased the sensitivity of the test compared to incubation for 1 h at 20°C. During the course of clinical IHN from April to June, young fish did not display any neutralizing activity, but in September, 29 of 50 of them exhibited significant anti-IHN neutral.
Primate community structure at twenty western Amazonian flooded and unflooded forests

ABSTRACT This paper presents data from a standardized series of line-transect censuses on the species and subspecies composition, population density, and crude biomass of western Amazonian primate communities occurring at eight flooded (= vázea) and 12 unflooded (= terra firme) forests. These were located primarily along one of the largest white-water tributaries of the Amazon (= Solimōes), the Juruá river. On average, terra firme forests contained twice as many primate species, lower population densities, and less than half of the total community biomass than did adjacent várzea forests. There was a clear habitat-dependent positive association among primate species, particularly within várzea forests, as well as marked shifts in guild structure between forest types. Species turnover between these two forest types involved primarily understorey insectivores (e.g. Saguinus sp.), which do not occur in seasonally inundated forest. These were consistently replaced by squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sp.), which are extremely abundant in annually flooded várzea forests. Similarly, large-bodied folivores such as red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) were uncommon or rare in terra firme forests, but very abundant in várzea forests, even though they are hunted less intensively in the former than in the latter. This can be largely explained by the nutrient-rich alluvial soils of young floodplains, compared to the heavily weathered terra firme soils occurring even within short distances of major white-water rivers. This study clearly shows a reversed diversity/density pattern resulting from the lower species richness, but high overall community biomass of seasonally flooded Amazonian forests, which can now be generalized for a wide range of terrestrial vertebrate taxa, including amphibians, birds, and several other orders of mammals.
Banded vegetation: survival under drought and grazing pressure based on a simple cellular automaton model☆

Abstract In western NSW, Australia, banded vegetation communities in grassland and shrubland remain widespread after up to 150 years of livestock grazing and a number of severe droughts. A simple model based on cellular automata is employed to investigate the robustness of such communities. It is shown that grazing pressure, simulated by the loss of plants at random within the landscape, has little effect on survival of the banded structure, unless pressure is extreme. Drought, associated with the systematic loss of plants in the driest locations, results in more extensive band fragmentation. The model suggests that these seemingly sensitive runoff–runon systems are in fact quite robust, and may well have changed little morphologically since European settlement. Species composition and plant age structure may, however, have been affected.
Coefficients of Inbreeding and Relationship

IN the breeding of domestic animals consanguineous matings are frequently made. Occasionally matings are made between very close relatives-sire and daughter, brother and sister, etc.-but as a. rule such close inbreeding is avoided and there is instead an attempt to concentrate the blood of some noteworthy individual by what is known as line breeding. No regular system of mating such as might be followed with laboratory animals is practicable as a rule. The importance of having a coefficient by means of which the degree of inbreeding may be expressed has been brought out by Pearl' in a number of papers published between 1913 and 1917. His coefficient is based on the smaller number of ancestors in each generation back of an inbred individual, as compared with the maximum possible number. A separate coefficient is obtained for each generation by the formula
DNA markers for identification of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars based on probability theory.

DNA fingerprinting of various crops is a powerful tool for preventing the infringement of breeders’ rights or incorrect labeling of cultivars; however, techniques with information for probabilistic identification are rare. We examined the independence of 25 cleavage amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers and the frequency of genotypes detected by each marker to prepare basic information for the probabilistic identification of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars. We could identify almost 117 investigated cultivars except mutant strains with a probability of at P > 99.9% with 16 markers.
Modelling dominant height and site index in different edaphoclimatic zones of Nothofagus dombeyi secondary forest in the Andes of south-central Chile

Nothofagus dombeyi grows in a wide variety of sites. The information about its productivity is still scarce, which makes it difficult for foresters and landowners to take decisions about the best practices to maintain and/or improve the goods and services derived from the forest. The aim of this study was to construct dominant tree height functions and site index curves for secondary forests of Nothofagus dombeyi (coihue) in south-central Chile. We measured 100 sample units throughout three edaphoclimatic zones, and 300 dominant trees (three per plot) were used for stem analysis. Three non-linear growth models (Chapman–Richards, Weibull and Logistic) were fitted, and the best model for each edaphoclimatic zone corresponded to Chapman–Richards. In addition, it was determined that for each zone it was necessary to obtain a given growth model given the high variability of sites. The best tree height growth corresponded with zone 2, followed by zone 1 and zone 3. In zone 2 trees reach 31 m at age 60, 29 m in zone 1, and 24 m in zone 3, indicating variation in growth patterns and differences between zones. We recommend using the models for a range of ages between 10 and 60 years (base age 35 years). This is the first large-scale study describing growth of N. dombeyi for the southern part of South America in secondary forests where they occur as one of the most important, but least managed, forest resources in the region.
Sabotaging behaviour and minimal latex of Asclepias curassavica incur no cost for larvae of the southern monarch butterfly Danaus erippus

1. The southern monarch, Danaus erippus, uses mainly Asclepias curassavica as its host in the Neotropics, a plant species bearing articulated anastomosing laticifers. When artificially severed, A. curassavica has been shown to release significantly less latex than other Asclepias species.
Therapeutic Effect of Chemotherapy Cycle in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) Patients Who Developed Bone-Only Metastasis

Background To compare the effects of chemotherapy dose escalation on survival and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients who developed bone-only metastasis. Material/Methods Between October 2000 to March 2017, 58 NPC patients with initial bone-only metastasis were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who received <6 or ≥6 cycles of chemotherapy were matched and grouped using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Overall survival (OS) was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox regression analysis. Results The median OS for the entire group was 24 months, while the 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates were 78.5%, 49.4%, and 26.8%, respectively. The median OS for patients who received <6 cycles of chemotherapy was 21 months, with 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates of 64.8%, 34.3%, and 17.2%, respectively. The median OS of patients who received ≥6 cycles of chemotherapy was 26 months, with 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates of 92.6%, 54.9%, and 30.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the number of metastatic sites (≥3 vs. <3) and chemotherapy cycles (<6 vs. ≥6) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Conclusions NPC patients who had less than 3 bone metastatic sites and who received ≥6 cycles of chemotherapy had better survival and prognosis.
Chlorogenic acid as an antiherbivore defence of willows against leaf beetles

In the leaves of 13 Finnish willow species, the content of a phenolic, chlorogenic acid, was found to vary from 0 up to 18 mg g−1 D.W. Effects of pure chlorogenic acid on insect feeding behaviour were tested using four common leaf beetle species which are in the field mainly found on willows with low‐chlorogenic acid leaves. One species, Lochmaea capreae L. , was invariably deterred by pure chlorogenic acid applied in naturally occurring concentrations on the willow leaves. Accordingly, in 2‐choice laboratory feeding trials L. capreae was found to prefer low‐chlorogenic acid leaves of four willow species over high‐chlorogenic acid leaves of Salix pentandra L. and S. myrsinifolia Salisb. When presented on the leaves of S. phylicifolia L, pure chlorogenic acid inhibited also the feeding by Phratora polaris Sp. ‐Schn. Instead, chlorogenic acid had no significant effect on Ph. polaris when it was presented on the leaves of another willow S. cinerea L. In laboratory, Ph. polaris did not show general preference for willow species with low chlorogenic acid content in their leaves. Thus, the response of Ph. polaris to chlorogenic acid seems to depend on the plant species. Apparently variation in other traits such as leaf hairyness may easily override the potential effect of chlorogenic acid content on Ph. polaris. To two other leaf beetle species, Galerucella lineola F. and Plagiodera versicolora Laich. , chlorogenic acid is an ineffective deterrent even at unnaturally high concentrations. In laboratory, G. lineola and P. versicolora did not prefer willows with low chlorogenic acid content in their leaves. Thus, among four studied leaf beetle species, only L. capreae seems to be clearly affected by this phenolic. Therefore, overall importance of chlorogenic acid as a defence against willow‐feeding leaf beetles appears to be very limited.