Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
White faeces syndrome caused by Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio fluvialis in shrimp, Penaeus monodon (Fabricius 1798) - multimodal strategy to control the syndrome in Sri Lankan grow-out ponds

Additional mortality of 20–30 % and total rejection of harvest have been recorded for shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius 1798) in Sri Lanka due to white faeces syndrome (WFS). Occurrence of WFS in relation to Vibrio count in culture water, isolation, identification and confirmation of the causative Vibrio , antagonism assay of a locally isolated strain of Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg 1835) against the pathogens and the possibility of controlling WFS by a multimodal strategy were carried out. White faeces syndrome was first observed at the 7 th week of post stocking when mean total Vibrio count (TVC) in culture water was 3.1±0.17 × 10 3 CFU mL -1 ; by the 12 th week mean percentage occurrence of WFS was 45.0±1.07 %. The major causative pathogen is a strain of V. alginolyticus (Miyamoto et al. 1961) while a strain of Vibrio fluvialis (Lee et al. 1981) also contributes (accession numbers KU 891054 and KX 361118). Bacillus subtilis showed profound inhibitory activity against both Vibrio species. The tested multimodal strategy (proper disinfection of culture water, zero water exchange and the use of a locally isolated strain of B. subtilis as a bioremediator and a probiotic) could successfully control WFS in grow-out ponds of P. monodon in Sri Lanka.
Observed Relative Contributions of Anomalous Heat Fluxes and Effective Heat Capacity to Sea Surface Temperature Variability

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) vary not only due to heat exchange across the air‐sea interface but also due to changes in effective heat capacity as primarily determined by mixed layer depth (MLD). Here, we investigate seasonal and regional characteristics of the contribution of MLD anomalies to the month‐to‐month variability of SST using observational datasets. First, we propose a metric called Flux Divergence Angle, which can quantify the relative contributions of surface heat fluxes and MLD anomalies to SST variability. Using this metric, we find that MLD anomalies tend to amplify SST anomalies in the extra‐tropics, especially in the eastern ocean basins, during spring and summer. In contrast, MLD anomalies tend to suppress SST anomalies in the eastern tropical Pacific during December‐January‐February. This paper provides the first global picture of the observed importance of MLD anomalies to the local SST variability.
The Influence of Age and Physical Activity on Locomotor Adaptation

Abstracts Background: Aging increases individual susceptibility to falls and injuries, suggesting poorer adaptation of balance responses to perturbation during locomotion, which can be measured with the locomotor adaptation task (LAT). However, it is unclear how aging and lifestyle factors affect these responses during walking. Hence, the present study investigates the relationship between balance and lifestyle factors during the LAT in healthy individuals across the adult lifespan using a correlational design. Methods: Thirty participants aged 20–78 years performed an LAT on a split-belt treadmill (SBT). We evaluated the magnitude and rate of adaptation and deadaptation during the LAT. Participants reported their lifelong physical and cognitive activity. Results: Age positively correlated with gait-line length asymmetry at the late post-adaptation phase (p = 0.007). These age-related effects were mediated by recent physical activity levels (p = 0.040). Conclusion: Our results confirm that locomotor adaptive responses are preserved in aging, but the ability to deadapt newly learnt balance responses is compromised with age. Physical activity mediates these age-related effects. Therefore, gait symmetry post-adaptation could effectively measure the risk of falling, and maintaining physical activity could protect against declines in balance.
Exact coherent states of attached eddies in channel flow

A new set of exact coherent states in the form of a travelling wave is reported in plane channel flow. They are continued over a range in $Re$ from approximately $2600$ up to $30\,000$ , an order of magnitude higher than those discovered in the transitional regime. This particular type of exact coherent states is found to be gradually more localised in the near-wall region on increasing the Reynolds number. As larger spanwise sizes $L_{z}^{+}$ are considered, these exact coherent states appear via a saddle-node bifurcation with a spanwise size of $L_{z}^{+}\simeq 50$ and their phase speed is found to be $c^{+}\simeq 11$ at all the Reynolds numbers considered. Computation of the eigenspectra shows that the time scale of the exact coherent states is given by $h/U_{cl}$ in channel flow at all Reynolds numbers, and it becomes equivalent to the viscous inner time scale for the exact coherent states in the limit of $Re\rightarrow \infty$ . The exact coherent states at several different spanwise sizes are further continued to a higher Reynolds number, $Re=55\,000$ , using the eddy-viscosity approach (Hwang & Cossu, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 105, 2010, 044505). It is found that the continued exact coherent states at different sizes are self-similar at the given Reynolds number. These observations suggest that, on increasing Reynolds number, new sets of self-sustaining coherent structures are born in the near-wall region. Near this onset, these structures scale in inner units, forming the near-wall self-sustaining structures. With further increase of Reynolds number, the structures that emerged at lower Reynolds numbers subsequently evolve into the self-sustaining structures in the logarithmic region at different length scales, forming a hierarchy of self-similar coherent structures as hypothesised by Townsend (i.e. attached eddy hypothesis). Finally, the energetics of turbulent flow is discussed for a consistent extension of these dynamical systems notions to high Reynolds numbers.
Detection Method of Infected Wood on Digital Orthophoto Map-Digital Surface Model Fusion Network

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a worldwide affliction that poses a significant menace to forest ecosystems. The swift and precise identification of pine trees under infection holds paramount significance in the proficient administration of this ailment. The progression of remote sensing and deep learning methodologies has propelled the utilization of target detection and recognition techniques reliant on remote sensing imagery, emerging as the prevailing strategy for pinpointing affected trees. Although the existing object detection algorithms have achieved remarkable success, virtually all methods solely rely on a Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM), which is not suitable for diseased trees detection, leading to a large false detection rate in the detection of easily confused targets, such as bare land, houses, brown herbs and so on. In order to improve the ability of detecting diseased trees and preventing the spread of the epidemic, we construct a large-scale PWD detection dataset with both DOM and Digital Surface Model (DSM) images and propose a novel detection framework, DDNet, which makes full use of the spectral features and geomorphological spatial features of remote sensing targets. The experimental results show that the proposed joint network achieves an AP50 2.4% higher than the traditional deep learning network.
Relationships between xylem embolism and tree functioning during drought, recovery, and recurring drought in Aleppo pine.

Recent findings suggest that trees can survive high levels of drought-induced xylem embolism. In many cases, the embolism is irreversible and, therefore, can potentially affect post-drought recovery and tree function under recurring droughts. We examined the development of embolism in potted Aleppo pines, a common species in hot, dry Mediterranean habitats. We asked (1) how post-drought recovery is affected by different levels of embolism and (2) what consequences this drought-induced damage has under a recurring drought scenario. Young trees were dehydrated to target water potential (Ψx ) values of -3.5, -5.2 and -9.5 MPa (which corresponded to ~6%, ~41% and ~76% embolism), and recovery of the surviving trees was measured over an 8-months period (i.e., embolism, leaf gas-exchange, Ψx ). An additional group of trees was exposed to Ψx of -6.0 MPa, either with or without preceding drought (Ψx of -5.2 MPa) to test the effect of hydraulic damage during repeated drought. Trees that reached -9.5 MPa died, but none from the other groups. Embolism levels in dying trees were on average 76% of conductive xylem and no tree was dying below 62% embolism. Stomatal recovery was negatively proportional to the level of hydraulic damage sustained during drought, for at least a month after drought relief. Trees that experienced drought for the second time took longer to reach fatal Ψx levels than first-time dehydrating trees. Decreased stomatal conductance following drought can be seen as "drought legacy," impeding recovery of tree functioning, but also as a safety mechanism during a consecutive drought.
A conceptual framework to incorporate fundamental values in the health and medical education system in Islamic Republic of Iran.

Background A 1985 law in the Islamic Republic of Iran integrated all health-related educational institutions into the Ministry of Health and established the Ministry of Health and Medical Education to set policies. Aims We aimed to classify the value concept of the policies that prioritized and to develop a conceptual value-based framework, for the Islamic Republic of Iran's healthcare and medical education systems. Methods We conducted this qualitative study using a critical, thematic content analysis of value-based statements and policy documents on health and the development of medical education published from 2009 to 2019 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. A total of 210 documents were reviewed and 7 were critically analysed. Value concepts were identified and coded. Results A total of 69 value concepts were classified into 28 subthemes and 5 main themes: mission values, principal values, procedural values, implementation values, and outcome values. We identified the pattern of the fundamental values to present our conceptual framework. Conclusion This comprehensive value-based framework can help establish a supportive value-based culture among policymakers, identify under- and over-emphasized issues, and enhance the incorporation of fundamental values across the health and medical education system.
Evaluation of clinical abdominal scoring system for predicting outcomes of blunt abdominal trauma

Background Trauma has been called the neglected disease of modern society and the most common cause of death under 45 years. Determining the optimal prospective course of action may be aided by the adoption of a scoring system to evaluate urgent laparotomy intervention. A quick and easy technique to identify whether there are any intra-abdominal injuries is to use the clinical abdominal scoring system (CASS). The objective of this study was to evaluate CASS in predicting the outcomes in patients with blunt abdominal trauma (BAT). Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted involving 80 patients with suspected BAT that arrived at the emergency department. All patients with suspected BAT were scored using CASS and radiological investigations that were done in the ED. The decision to proceed with the surgery would be made if the patient had CASS >12 and/or if the radiological investigation showed features of BAT such as air under the diaphragm. Results Mean CASS score was 10.28 ± 1.340. The majority of the subjects (75 or 93.5%) had successful laparotomies, whereas only five (6.3%) had unsuccessful ones. Injuries to the spleen (42.6%), and liver (32%), combined injuries to the spleen and liver (2.6%), intestine (16%), pancreas (1.3%), bladder (4%), and kidneys (1.5%) were all found in positive laparotomies. The CASS has specificity of 60%, sensitivity of 80%, PPV 96.7%, and NPV 16.6%. Conclusions According to our data results, The CASS has a poor ability to predict the need for laparotomy in cases of blunt abdominal injuries as it shows low specificity.
Accuracy of smartphone camera urine photo colorimetry as indicators of dehydration

Objective Direct urine color assessment has been shown to correlate with hydration status. However, this method is subject to inter- and intra-observer variability. Digital image colorimetry provides a more objective method. This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of urine photo colorimetry using different smartphones under different lighting conditions, and determined the optimal cut-off value to predict clinical dehydration. Methods The urine samples were photographed in a customized photo box, under five simulated lighting conditions, using five smartphones. The images were analyzed using Adobe Photoshop to obtain Red, Green, and Blue (RGB) values. The correlation between RGB values and urine laboratory parameters were determined. The optimal cut-off value to predict dehydration was determined using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results A total of 56 patients were included in the data analysis. Images captured using five different smartphones under five lighting conditions produced a dataset of 1400 images. The study found a statistically significant correlation between Blue and Green values with urine osmolality, sodium, urine specific gravity, protein, and ketones. The diagnostic accuracy of the Blue value for predicting dehydration were “good” to “excellent” across all phones under all lighting conditions with sensitivity >90% at cut-off Blue value of 170. Conclusions Smartphone-based urine colorimetry is a highly sensitive tool in predicting dehydration.
The Influence of Stress on Student Performance during Simulation-based Learning: A Pilot Randomized Trial

Background Simulation-based learning is an important educational medium that is being implemented increasingly for the purpose of improved patient care and safety. However, there is evidence to suggest that simulation-based education (SBE) may increase anxiety, as illustrated through self-reporting and physiological responses. Despite such data, no studies have investigated whether anxiety and stress can be manipulated through SBE scenario design and delivery to facilitate optimal learning conditions. Objective This pilot study examined perceived anxiety and physiological stress experienced by entry-level physiotherapy students while learning a skill using SBE and the relationship between this anxiety and their subsequent skill performance. Methods Final-year physiotherapy students were randomly allocated to one of three SBE experiences: low, medium, or high stress. The experiences were designed to induce increasing levels of stress and anxiety. Performance of the learned skill (endotracheal airway suctioning) was measured after the SBE using a bespoke assessment form. Cortisol levels, heart rate, and perceived anxiety measurements (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and visual analog scale) were also collected. Results Twenty-seven participants completed the trial. There were significant differences in perceived stress and physiological response between the groups. The low-stress group demonstrated significantly better performance of airway suctioning than the higher-stress groups (P = 0.02). Higher anxiety was correlated with poorer skill performance (r = −0.410). Conclusions Students report SBE to be stressful, and scenarios themselves can influence the stress and anxiety experienced. Greater stress is associated with poor learning outcomes during SBE. Healthcare educators involved in SBE scenario design need to consider the stress levels experienced. Future research to determine optimal stress and embed measurement of stress in SBE experiences is warranted.
Patterns of asexual reproduction of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Matsumura), with and without the secondary symbionts Wolbachia and Arsenophonus, on susceptible and resistant soybean genotypes

Plant breeding is used to develop crops with host resistance to aphids, however, virulent biotypes often develop that overcome host resistance genes. We tested whether the symbionts, Arsenophonus (A) and Wolbachia (W), affect virulence and fecundity in soybean aphid biotypes Bt1 and Bt3 cultured on whole plants and detached leaves of three resistant, Rag1, Rag2 and Rag1 + 2, and one susceptible, W82, soybean genotypes. Whole plants and individual aphid experiments of A. glycines with and without Arsenophonus and Wolbachia did not show differences in overall fecundity. Differences were observed in peak fecundity, first day of deposition, and day of maximum nymph deposition of individual aphids on detached leaves. Bt3 had higher fecundity than Bt1 on detached leaves of all plant genotypes regardless of bacterial profile. Symbionts did not affect peak fecundity of Bt1 but increased it in Bt3 (A+W+) and all Bt3 strains began to deposit nymphs earlier than the Bt1 (A+W−). Arsenophonus in Bt1 delayed the first day of nymph deposition in comparison to aposymbiotic Bt1 except when reared on Rag1 + 2. For the Bt1 and Bt3 strains, symbionts did not result in a significant difference in the day they deposited the maximum number of nymphs nor was there a difference in survival or variability in number of nymphs deposited. Variability of number of aphids deposited was higher in aphids feeding on resistant plant genotypes. The impact of Arsenophonus on soybean aphid patterns of fecundity was dependent on the aphid biotype and plant genotype. Wolbachia alone had no detectable impact but may have contributed to the increased fecundity of Bt3 (A+W+). An individual based model, using data from the detached leaves experiment and with intraspecific competition removed, found patterns similar to those observed in the greenhouse and growth chamber experiments including a significant interaction between soybean genotype and aphid strain. Combining individual data with the individual based model of population growth isolated the impact of fecundity and host resistance from intraspecific competition and host health. Changes to patterns of fecundity, influenced by the composition and concentration of symbionts, may contribute to competitive interactions among aphid genotypes and influence selection on virulent aphid populations.
Are the subjective social status inequalities persistent?

Abstract Aiming to broaden the knowledge about Subjective Social Status Inequalities (SSSI), this short article examines the determinants WHERE and WHY people self-place themselves in the Top-Bottom societal ladder, WHAT makes them choose location. Employing multi-stage modelling on self-reported data from 27 countries in the ISSP’19 we focus on the polar ‘Higher’ and ‘Lower’ status groups, derived from 41,930 individuals' perceptions. To capture the cross-cultural perspectives of the subjective status architecture, we categorize countries into four segments based on Gini coefficient and GDP PP. Findings affirm prior studies (Kelley, Goldthorpe) that neither well-being nor income would alone explain the SSSI. Advanced machine learning analyses emerges ancestry as the primary influencer in the innovative factors’ battery, followed by social class, 'making ends meet', education, ethnicity. Subjective status groups persist across generations, residing in familiar environments, perpetuating their positions. In a cross-national context North and Central European societies display the highest subjective egalitarianism.
The Mediating Role of Absorptive Capacities on the Relationship of Human Capital and Social Capital on Innovation Capabilities (Study on Woman Entrepreuner in North Sulawesi, Indonesia)

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between human capital and social capital on innovation capabilities mediated by absorptive capacities. The study was conducted on business in North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia managed by women entrepreneurs. Theoretical framework: The human capital, social capital and absorptive capacities are expected to be the causal relationship model to influence the business innovation ability of women entrepreneurs. Design/Methodology/Approach: The quantitative survey method was chosen to test the causal relationship established. This research was conducted in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The 187 data collected were tested using PLS-SEM with the SmartPLS 3.29 application. Findings: The results of this study indicate that absorptive capacities significantly directly influence innovation capabilities. Absorptive capacities also mediate the relationship between human capital and innovation capabilities of business managed by women entrepreneurs in North Sulawesi. Research, practical & social implications: The study found the ability of business innovation managed by women entrepreneurs could develop if being supported by absorptive capacities. Absorptive capacities could become a significant mediating construct in the relationship between human capital and innovation capability due to the success of knowledge, abilities and skills to generate an innovation. Originality/Value: The causal relationship between human capital, social capital and absorptive capacities as mediating variables is not widely discussed in the entrepreneurship literature, especially for women entrepreneurs. Therefore, this is considered as novelty offered in this research.
Biodiversity of Skin Microbiota as an Important Biomarker for Wound Healing

Simple Summary Wounded skin can naturally be repaired by a mechanism called wound healing. Human skin is a habitat of various pathogenic and commensal bacteria. While these bacteria are in balance in healthy skin, they can lose the balance by wounding, which leads to delay in the wound-healing process. Moreover, commensal and pathogenic bacteria inhabit skin tissue and have constant communication with the immune system, which can increase and decrease the healing efficiency, respectively. This indicates that cutaneous bacteria have important effects on wound healing. Herein, we discuss some important bacteria (coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS), S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and Lactobacilli) present in human skin, the effects of communication of bacteria with the immune system and epithelial cells on wound healing, and the identification techniques and manipulation strategies of the bacterial population in wounded skin tissue. Abstract Cutaneous wound healing is a natural and complex repair process that is implicated within four stages. However, microorganisms (e.g., bacteria) can easily penetrate through the skin tissue from the wound bed, which may lead to disbalance in the skin microbiota. Although commensal and pathogenic bacteria are in equilibrium in normal skin, their imbalance in the wound area can cause the delay or impairment of cutaneous wounds. Moreover, skin microbiota is in constant crosstalk with the immune system and epithelial cells, which has significance for the healing of a wound. Therefore, understanding the major bacteria species in the cutaneous wound as well as their communication with the immune system has gained prominence in a way that allows for the emergence of a new perspective for wound healing. In this review, the major bacteria isolated from skin wounds, the role of the crosstalk between the cutaneous microbiome and immune system to heal wounds, the identification techniques of these bacteria populations, and the applied therapies to manipulate the skin microbiota are investigated.