Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leaning in: is higher confidence the key to women's career advancement?

Women's lack of confidence is commonly regarded as a key reason why women lag behind men's career outcomes. This paper interrogates this claim by examining the empirical link between an individual's confidence and job promotion prospects through a gender lens. We use nationally-representative data for 7533 individuals collected in the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey in 2013. Confidence is captured by a psychometric survey instrument, Achievement Motivation, which is dually comprised of 'hope for success' and 'fear of failure'. Using Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, we detect that higher hope for success is linked to a higher likelihood of job promotion, but only amongst men. This finding provides no evidence to support the widespread advice commonly given to women that they need to 'lean in' and show more confidence as the mechanism to close gender gaps in the workplace.
Dormancy, germination and storage of Magnolia ingrata seeds.

Magnolia ingrata is an endangered species in China. Freshly matured seeds of M. ingrata had an underdeveloped embryo, which grew during cold stratification at 4 degrees C. Both cold stratification and GA(3) overcame dormancy of M. Ingrata seeds. Thus. M. ingrata seeds have intermediate complex morphophysioloeical dormancy at maturity. Since seeds came out of dormancy after after-ripening for 100 d at 4 degrees C. the physiological component of morphophysiological dormancy is non-deep. The initial moisture content of M. ingrata seeds was 29.5%. Most seeds (86.1 %) tolerated desiccation to 17.2% moisture content while more than 70% of seeds lost viability when dried to 15.3% moisture content. Therefore, storage behaviour of M. ingrata seed is recalcitrant. All seeds died after storage for 100 d at -20 degrees C while seed viability was effectively maintained at 4 degrees C.
Temporarily Withdrawn

In this paper, we look at the evolution of consumption and wage inequality from 1980 to 2016 in the US. We use data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CEX) and the Current Population Survey (CPS) to look at differences in consumption and wages across groups in the population defined by educational attainment of the household head and year-of-birth cohort. We show that the results obtained by Attanasio and Davis (1996) for non-durable consumption still hold in more recent decades. In addition to non-durable consumption and services, we look at inequality measured in terms of expenditure on and stock of vehicles. The advantages of looking at these measures are that information on cars is typically measured more accurately than other components of expenditure and consumers are more likely to react by adjusting their stock of vehicles on the basis of long-term expectations about their economic prospects.
Effect of the Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of the Polymer Matrix on ZnO‐Nanowire‐Based Composite Nanogenerators Performance

The effect of Young's modulus and dielectric permittivity of the polymer matrix in vertically integrated nanogenerators (VING) on their output performance is studied by combining the finite element method and analytical modeling. To conduct this study, an elementary cell is considered, based on one ZnO nanowire (NW) surrounded by the polymer matrix. It is demonstrated that the polymer matrix should have the lowest Young's modulus and permittivity as possible, in order to maximize the output voltage and power. Four different materials, which have already been proposed in literature for such composite VING, are then compared: Parylene C, poly(methyl methacrylate), Al2O3, and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Simulation results show that PDMS, which has the lowest values of both Young's modulus and permittivity, gives the highest output performance. Finally, the sensitivity to another design parameter—the surface density of the NWs—is calculated, and it is shown that choosing a polymer material with the lowest Young's modulus and permittivity is more powerful to improve the VING performance.
African Origin of Human Mitochondrial DNA Reexamined

Few papers in evolutionary biology have created as much of a stir as did that of Cann et al. (1987), which claimed in part that "Africa is a likely source of the human mitochondrial gene pool. " Criticisms (Darlu and Tassy, 1987; Saito and Omoto, 1987; Pamilo and Nei, 1988; Spuhler, 1988; Excoffier and Langaney, 1989) and extensions (Wilson et al., 1987, 1989; Wrischnik et al., 1987; Vigilant et al., 1989; Horai and Hayasaka, 1990) of Cann et al.'s watershed paper have focused on the validity of the inferred phylogeny, but have not questioned whether Cann et al.'s phylogeny supports their inference of African origin. The purpose of the current paper is not to examine, in general, the question of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) origin. I will focus on the evidence provided by Cann et al.'s data and their analytical methods. I will show that their data do not unequivocally support an African origin of human mtDNA, as there are equally parsimonious migration pathways that suggest different regions of origin. My main message will be a methodological one: in answering an evolutionary question using phylogenetic analysis, the full implications of data are not revealed unless one considers all equally well supported hypotheses. METHOD OF INFERRING ANCESTRAL REGION
Measurement of NOx and NOy with a thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectrometer (TD-CRDS): instrument characterisation and first deployment

Abstract. We present a newly constructed, two-channel thermal dissociation cavity ring-down spectrometer (TD-CRDS) for the measurement of NOx (NO+NO2), NOy (NOx+HNO3+RO2NO2+2N2O5 etc.), NOz (NOy−NOx) and particulate nitrate (pNit). NOy-containing trace gases are detected as NO2 by the CRDS at 405 nm following sampling through inlets at ambient temperature (NOx) or at 850 ∘C (NOy). In both cases, O3 was added to the air sample directly upstream of the cavities to convert NO (either ambient or formed in the 850 ∘C oven) to NO2. An activated carbon denuder was used to remove gas-phase components of NOy when sampling pNit. Detection limits, defined as the 2σ precision for 1 min averaging, are 40 pptv for both NOx and NOy. The total measurement uncertainties (at 50 % relative humidity, RH) in the NOx and NOy channels are 11 %+10 pptv and 16 %+14 pptv for NOz respectively. Thermograms of various trace gases of the NOz family confirm stoichiometric conversion to NO2 (and/or NO) at the oven temperature and rule out significant interferences from NH3 detection (<2 %) or radical recombination reactions under ambient conditions. While fulfilling the requirement of high particle transmission (>80 % between 30 and 400 nm) and essentially complete removal of reactive nitrogen under dry conditions (>99 %), the denuder suffered from NOx breakthrough and memory effects (i.e. release of stored NOy) under humid conditions, which may potentially bias measurements of particle nitrate. Summertime NOx measurements obtained from a ship sailing through the Red Sea, Indian Ocean and Arabian Gulf (NOx levels from <20 pptv to 25 ppbv) were in excellent agreement with those taken by a chemiluminescence detector of NO and NO2. A data set obtained locally under vastly different conditions (urban location in winter) revealed large diel variations in the NOz to NOy ratio which could be attributed to the impact of local emissions by road traffic.
Weather regimes linked to daily precipitation anomalies in Northern Chile

Northern Chile is one of the most arid regions in the world, with precipitation mainly occurring during austral summer, between December and April. The aim of this study is to classify the main weather regimes derived from sea level pressure, surface wind speed, 500 or 250 hPa geopotential heights, in order to measure their influence on precipitation anomalies and determine if they can be considered sources of predictability of rainfall in this region. Four weather regimes were found to optimally describe atmospheric circulation in the study area during 1966-2015 and for each of the four levels described above. Using daily precipitation data from a network of 161 meteorological stations across the region, the rainfall anomalies associated with each weather regime were quantified. They are coherent with the direction of flow derived from pressure and geopotential anomalies, bringing humid air masses from the Amazon Basin or the Pacific. The transitions between the different regimes are also coherent, representing transitions to and from similar regimes. A few negative and significant trends in the persistence of different regimes were detected, most likely linked to the absence of anthropogenic warming in the Antarctic as opposed to the Arctic. Finally, two of the regimes derived from surface wind speed exhibit a negative and significant trend in its frequency of occurrence, determining a precipitation decrease in the south of the study area (28–30°S), which can be compared with the Megadrought experienced in central Chile.
Linear Response Theory for Nonlinear Stochastic Differential Equations with ˛ -Stable Lévy Noises

We consider a nonlinear stochastic differential equation driven by an α -stable Lévy process (1 < α < 2). We ﬁrst prove existence and uniqueness of the invariant measure by the Bogoliubov-Krylov argument. Then we obtain some regularity results for the probability density of its invariant measure by establishing the a priori estimate of the corresponding stationary Fokker-Planck equation. Finally, by the a priori estimate of the Kolmogorov backward equationandtheperturbationpropertyoftheMarkovsemigroup,wederivetheresponsefunc-tionandgeneralizethefamouslinearresponsetheoryinnonequilibriumstatisticalmechanics tonon-Gaussianstochasticdynamicsystems.
The Returns to College Persistence for Marginal Students: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from University Dismissal Policies

The Returns to College Persistence for Marginal Students: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from University Dismissal Policies* We estimate the returns to college using administrative data on college enrollment matched to administrative data on weekly earnings. Utilizing the fact that colleges dismiss lowperforming students based on exact GPA cutoffs, we use a regression discontinuity design to estimate the earnings impacts of college. Dismissed students are permitted to apply for readmission, but since relatively few do so, these students end up completing fewer years of school and are approximately 10 percentage points less likely to graduate college. Our estimates suggest that low-performing students (on the margin of college dismissal) derive substantial earnings benefits from college. JEL Classification: I21, I23, I26
1 The research trends in heavy metals / metalloids pollution and removal

Increasing traffic, industrial production and agricultural practices have led to enhanced release of heavy metals into soil and water. Many metals are essential to organisms and plants in their appropriate concentrations for normal growth and development. However, chronic exposure to even low concentrations of some metals can lead to toxicity [1] and some of them are poisonous such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg). The problem with heavy metals/metalloids is that they do not degrade but get accumulated and transported from one environment to the other [2, 3, 4, 5]. Various laboratory and in-situ techniques have been developed for heavy metals removal such as adsorption [6], sludge activation [7], electro-kinetic [8], electro-osmosis [9], ion exchange [10] and phytoextraction [11, 12, 13, 14] methods.
Analyzing the Asymmetric Effects of Inflation and Exchange Rate Misalignments on the Petrochemical Stock index: The Case of Iran

While the petrochemical products and their revenues have been the most important part of Iranian non-oil exports, after imposing the international sanctions on Iran’s economy, these revenues, reflected in the petrochemical stock index, have fluctuated. In line with this, the effects of some main macroeconomic variables on the petrochemical stock index have become more crucial than before. Among the macroeconomic variables, inflation and exchange rate are the most effective. Hence, To investigate whether the exchange rate misalignments and inflation are significant indicators of changes in the petrochemical stock index, this paper has been applied the time series data from January 2012 to January 2020 and an asymmetric and non-linear framework, NARDL. The empirical results in addition to prove the existence of asymmetric and significant relationships between the research variables, confirm that the impacts of negative components of exchange rate misalignments and, conversely, positive components of inflation have been stronger than the effects of their decomposed counterparts both in the long run and short run.
An extensible framework for mechanistic processing models: From representational linguistic theories to quantitative model comparison

We introduce a Python3 reimplementation of ACT-R (Anderson and Lebiere 1998, Anderson 2007) in which we build an end-to-end simulation of syntactic parsing in a typical self-paced reading experiment. The model uses an eager left-corner parsing strategy implemented as a skill in procedural memory (following Lewis and Vasishth 2005), makes use of independently motivated components of the ACT-R framework (procedural memory, content-addressable declarative memory – cf. Wagers et al. 2009), and explicitly models the motor and visual processes involved in self-paced reading. The ACT-R model can be embedded in a Bayesian statistical model to estimate its subsymbolic parameters and perform model comparison.
Spontaneous serial refreshing in verbal WM? 1 MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION IN PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN AND REVIEW DOI 10.3758/s13423-017-1387-4 Evidence for spontaneous serial refreshing in verbal working memory?

Working Memory (WM) keeps information temporarily accessible for ongoing cognition. One proposed mechanism to keep information active in WM is refreshing. This mechanism is assumed to operate by bringing memory items into the focus of attention, thereby serially refreshing the content of WM. We report two experiments in which we examine evidence for the spontaneous occurrence of serial refreshing in verbal WM. Participants had to remember series of red letters, and black probe letters were presented between these memory items, with each probe to be judged present in or absent from the list presented so far, as quickly as possible (i.e., the probe-span task). Response times to the probes were used to infer the status of the representations in WM and, in particular, to examine whether the content of the focus of attention changed over time, as would be expected if serial refreshing occurs spontaneously during inter-item pauses. In sharp contrast with this hypothesis, our results indicate that the last-presented memory item remained in the focus of attention during the inter-item pauses of the probe-span task. We discuss how [. ] VERGAUWE, Evie, LANGEROCK, Naomi, COWAN, Nelson. Evidence for spontaneous serial refreshing in verbal working memory? Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 2018 DOI : 10.3758/s13423-017-1387-4
A Comparative Study on Total Anthocyanin Content, Composition of Anthocyanidin, Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Pigmented Potato Peel and Flesh

Ten pigmented potato cultivars native to China were investigated for an evaluation of differences in total anthocyanin content (TAC), composition of individual anthocyanidins, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) between peel and flesh of the tubers. On average, TAC, TPC and AA in the peel were 15.34 times, 7.28 times and 5.75 times higher than in the flesh, respectively. High positive correlations between TAC, TPC and AA were observed. Types and contents of anthocyanidins in the peel were more than in the corresponding flesh, but they had the same dominant anthocyanidins. Results showed peel of pigmented potato tuber can be used as an important source material in production of natural pigments and natural antioxidants.
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science-2501-1235

Purpose: Resistance training can result in increased lean mass, maximal strength, muscular power and facilitates similar acute physiological responses and chronic physiological adaptations to traditional aerobic exercises. This study aimed to determine the effects of resistance training on PV and VHRDP in sedentary women. Methods: Sixteen sedentary women were distributed in control group (CG) and Resistance Training Group (RTG). The RTG underwent a training program for major muscle groups four times a week over a period of 8 weeks which consisted of four sets of 8-12 repetition per set. The GC was asked to maintain their usual routines. Participants performed an incremental treadmill test conducted to voluntary exhaustion before and after intervention to assess peak velocity and heart rate performance curve. Results: A 2 (group: RTG, CG) x 2 (time: pre, post) ANOVA revealed a significant interaction for PV (p<0.01) and a trend to VHRDP (p=0.082). A significant main effect of time was found for i Correspondence: email leonardodelucca57@gmail.com Fabio Luiz Tomiello, Leonardo De Lucca, Rafaella Zulianello Dos Santos, Carl Foster EFFECTS OF 8 WEEKS RESISTANCE TRAINING ON PEAK RUNNING VELOCITY AND HEART RATE DEFLECTION POINT IN SEDENTARY WOMEN European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science Volume 6 │ Issue 1 │ 2020 58 PV (p=0,0038) and VHRDP (p=0,038). RTG presented a significant increase in the peak velocity (11,65±1,6 vs 13,50±1,5 km.h; p<0.01) while CG showed no difference (11,12±0,83 vs 11,00±0,92 km.h). RTG significantly improved VHRDP (9,8±1,1 vs 11,2±1,2 km.h ; p<0.01) and CG did not (9,1±0,6 vs 9,3±1,3 km.h). Conclusions: The resistance training applied led to improvement in peak velocity and velocity at heart rate deflection point. RT should be prescribed by coaches and instructors as a viable exercise modality to improve aerobic fitness in sedentary females.
Enhancing ETSI DCC for Multi-Service Vehicular Safety Communication

ETSI Decentralized Congestion Control (DCC) for vehicular communication is an essential mechanism for limiting wireless channel congestion and resource allocation of ad-hoc V2X communications. Standardized channel congestion control protocols have been designed considering mostly a single message for cooperative awareness such as CAM/BSM, while future automated vehicles will exchange additional messages, including sensor data, control information, HD-maps etc.In this paper we evaluate and improve the performance of the state-machine based DCC standardized in Europe by ETSI. We highlight the channel capacity under-utilization and the communication quality degradation, and propose three design improvements to enhance its performance. Simulation based evaluation, considering multiple standardized safety messages on a single channel, proves the performance improvement due to our proposed modifications, almost doubling the reception throughput for dense V2X communication scenarios.
Collaboration in Bipartite Networks, with an Application to Coauthorship Networks

This paper studies the impact of collaboration on research output. First, we build a micro founded model for scientific knowledge production, where collaboration between researchers is represented by a bipartite network. The equilibrium of the game incorporates both the complementarity effect between collaborating researchers and the substitutability effect between concurrent projects of the same researcher. Next, we develop a Bayesian MCMC procedure to estimate the structural parameters, taking into account the endogenous matching of researchers and projects. Finally, we illustrate the empirical relevance of the model by analyzing the coauthorship network of economists registered in the RePEc Author Service.
Vocabulary Learning Autonomy through Incorporation of English Songs: Indonesian EFL Students' Perspectives

English songs have been widely used by learners as a medium to learn vocabulary. This qualitative study explored Indonesian students' experiences in using English songs as a medium to learn vocabulary autonomously outside in-class learning. Data were collected through in-depth interview to four second-year English Department students who reported using English songs to help them acquire vocabulary autonomously. The results of the interview showed that the participants preferred slow beat tempo of songs to obtain clear understanding on the words used in the songs. They also reported that the decision to use English songs was driven by their needs to the exposures of authentic and contextual English lexicons, the representations of learners' feelings and emotions through songs, the sense of enjoyable atmosphere songs created, and vocabulary retention. While listening to English songs, cognitive and metacognitive strategies were also applied by the participants to help them acquire vocabulary more effectively. At last, the study was concluded by proposing teachers' roles to enhance learners' autonomy in vocabulary learning through English songs . Keywords: autonomy; autonomous learning; vocabulary learning; songs in L2 learning; learning strategies
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES LEARNING FROM DEREGULATION: THE ASYMMETRIC IMPACT OF LOCKDOWN AND REOPENING ON RISKY BEHAVIOR DURING COVID-19

We thank Safegraph and Yelp for providing data. We thank Scott Kominers for helpful comments. Luca has done consulting for tech companies, including Yelp. Leyden was previously employed as an Economics Research Intern at Yelp, but did not receive compensation directly connected to this paper. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.
The Effect of Boattail Angles on the Near-Wake Structure of Axisymmetric Afterbody Models at Low-Speed Condition

The effect of a boattail angle on the structure of the wake of an axisymmetric model was investigated at low-speed condition. Four conical boattail models with angles of 0° (blunt-based body), 10°, 16°, and 22° were selected for this study. The Reynolds number based on the diameter of the model was around 1:97 × 104. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the velocity of the wake flow. The time-averaged flow characteristics including the length of recirculation of the afterbody, turbulent intensity, and Reynolds shear stress were analyzed and compared among those boattail models. The experimental results showed that the length of recirculation decreases with increasing boattail angle to 16°. At a boattail angle above 16°, the flow was fully separated near the shoulder and near-wake structure was highly changed. The turbulent intensity at a boattail angle of 22° showed a similar level to that in the case of the blunt-based body. Flow behavior on boattail surface should be accounted as an important parameter affecting the wake width and drag of the model. Power spectral density and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analyses showed that a Strouhal number of StD = 0:2 dominated for the boattail model up to 16°. The fully separated flow was dominated by a Strouhal number of StD = 0:03 − 0:06, which was firstly presented in this study.