Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theoretical light curve of SN 1987A and mixing of hydrogen and nickel in the ejecta

Earlier light curve models for SN 1987A have been improved by adopting more realistic presupernova models and adopting a postexplosion elemental distribution consistent with X-ray and gamma-ray observations. The light curve shape is sensitive to the distributions of abundance and expansion velocity in the ejecta. It is found that the prepeak smooth rise and the broad peak of the light curve, respectively, are well modeled by assuming some mixing of Ni-56 into the hydrogen-rich envelope and of hydrogen into the core. The existence of the hydrogen recombination front is responsible for the formation of the plateaulike peak. For explosion energy, good agreement with the observed light curve is obtained for E/M(env) = (1.1 + or - 0./3) x 10 to the 50th ergs/solar mass. Further improvements on the early light curve, the dependence of the light curve on the distribution of Ni-56 and hydrogen, and the relation with other type II supernovae are discussed. 72 refs.
Balmer Discontinuity Temperatures in the Orion Nebula

We have mapped the Balmer discontinuity temperature Te(BJ) along two long-slit positions in the Orion Nebula, using high-quality spectra obtained with the ESO 1.52 m telescope and with the 3.9 m AAT. One slit was oriented north-south and positioned 40'' west of θ1 C Ori. The second slit was oriented east-west, with its eastern end 10'' west of θ1 C Ori, identical to the slit position previously studied by Walter & Dufour (1994). For the NS slit, both the 1.52 m and the AAT data yield a constant temperature of about 9000 K, with variations of only a few hundred K over a total slit length of about 3. ′5. For the EW-slit, our data reveal two distinct regions of nearly constant temperatures of 8900 and 7200 K, respectively, possibly resulting from two separate H II regions. No evidence is found for the anomalously low temperatures reported by Walter and Dufour for the same region.
Approximating Zariski decomposition of big line bundles

If H\ίπ*L)=H°(ίH) for every t>0 such that tE is a Z-divisor, then π*L = E+H is a Zariski decomposition of L. In such a case we have h°(V, lL) = dt/n ! +(lower order terms) for d = H. However, unfortunately, such a decomposition does not always exist. Our result can be viewed as an approximation of Zariski decomposition. Combined with other techniques, our theorem can be used to derive various inequalities concerning intersection numbers of line bundles. In many cases it is almost as powerful as the theory of singular Hermitian metrics (cf. [Dl], [D2]) or the theory of analytic Zariski decomposition (cf. [T]). Details of such applications will be discussed elsewhere. For the proof of the theorem, we use the following
Comparative Investigation on Heated Swirling Jets Using Experimental and Numerical Computations

The purpose of this paper is to investigate both experimentally and numerically the influence of various parameters on the different blowing configurations of multiple swirling jets. Flow rate was adjusted at Reynolds numbers ranging from 104 to 3 × 104. The current study is carried out under uniform heat flux condition for each diffuser, at Reynolds number of 3 × 104, with air being the working fluid. Experiments concerning the fusion of several jets show that the resulting jet is clearly more homogenized under swirling influence. Afterward, numerical simulation is also carried out using the finite-volume computational fluid dynamics solver FLUENT 6.3, in which the standard k − ϵ and the Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSM) were used for turbulence computations. The findings of this study show that the diffuser vane angle and a balance and an imbalance in temperature between the central and peripheral jets affect the quality of the thermal homogenization of the ambiance. Overall predictions obtained with the RSM model are in better agreement with the experimental data compared to those of the standard k − ϵ model.
Behavior-Dependent Corticocortical Contributions to Imagined Grasping: A BCI-Triggered TMS Study

Previous studies have indicated that corticocortical neural mechanisms differ during various grasping behaviors. However, the literature rarely considers corticocortical contributions to various imagined grasping behaviors. To address this question, we examine their mechanisms by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) triggered when detecting event-related desynchronization during right-hand grasping behavior imagination through a brain-computer interface (BCI) system. Based on the BCI system, we designed two experiments. In Experiment 1, we explored differences in motor evoked potentials (MEPs) between power grip and resting conditions. In Experiment 2, we used the three TMS coil orientations (lateral-medial (LM), posterior-anterior (PA), and anterior-posterior (AP) directions) over the primary motor cortex to elicit MEPs during imagined index finger abduction, precision grip, and power grip. We found that larger MEP amplitudes and shorter latencies were obtained in imagined power grip than in resting. We also detected lower MEP amplitudes during imagined power grip, while MEP amplitudes remained similar across imagined precision grip and index finger abduction in each TMS coil orientation. Differences in AP-LM latency were longer when subjects imagined a power grip compared with precision grip and index finger abduction. Based on our results, higher cortical excitability may be achieved when humans imagine precision grip and index finger abduction. Our results suggests that higher cortical excitability may be achieved when humans imagine precision grip and index finger abduction. We also propose that preferential recruitment of late synaptic inputs to corticospinal neurons may occur when humans imagine a power grip.
Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab Therapy for Lupus Nephritis Among SLE Female Patients; a Retrospective Hospital-Based Study

Background Renal affection in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a high-risk manifestation in which novel treatment strategies are required, particularly in patients who show lower response to conventional therapy. Rituximab has been used as an off-label treatment for lupus nephritis (LN) for the last ten years. This study aims to assess the outcome of the use of rituximab to treat LN patients. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study included 40 LN patients on Rituximab therapy who attended the Rheumatology clinic at Omdurman Military Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan. Between January to July 2020. Data were collected from the hospital records and included demographic, duration of disease and Rituximab doses. Renal biopsy, renal function parameters, albumin-creatinine ratio, hematological parameters and inflammatory markers. Assessment of the outcomes was conducted by the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI score). Data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Studies Program (SPSS, V. 21.0. IBM; Chicago). Chi-square test was used as significance test, the P. value was considered as significant at level 0.05 and akk continues variables had a normal distribution with Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Results Renal function test showed significant improvement after 6 months of treatment with Rituximab. In addition, the mean of the SLE Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI 2K) was significantly decreased with remarkable improvement in the histological degree of LN. The histology of renal biopsy of the patients commonly was diffuse proliferative nephritis followed by minimal mesangial glomerulonephritis, mesangial proliferative LN then membranous nephritis respectively. Improvement was common among the patients aged 20–39 years, those with disease duration less than 5 years, who received 4 doses and rituximab as the initial modality. Conclusion Rituximab therapy is effectively managing patients with lupus nephritis, after 6 months of follow-up, Patients showed remarkable clinical and laboratory improvement.
The Luminosity Function of M30: Evidence for Rapidly Rotating Cores in the Cluster Giants?

The observed luminosity function (LF) of M30 shows an excess in the number of red giants relative to the number of turnoff stars as compared with the predictions of canonical models. This well‐known problem is reexamined in the light of new stellar evolutionary models that have been constructed using an improved equation of state formulation as well as recent opacities and nuclear reaction rates. Neither the improvements to the basic physics of stars nor the adoption of different choices, within reason, for the cluster distance (and hence age), chemical composition, or initial mass function have any appreciable effect on the LF discrepancy. However, it seems to be possible to reconcile theory with observation if the cluster stars retain significant amounts of angular momentum throughout their evolution. Stellar models, which treat rotation in the simple spherically symmetric approximation and which conserve angular momentum—leading to structures on the giant branch with rapidly rotating cores and slowly rotating envelopes—predict LFs in good agreement with that observed for M30. The amount of angular momentum that is required to achieve this consistency appears to be insufficient to have detectable consequences for the tightness of the observed color‐magnitude diagram (though this needs to be checked using a two‐dimensional code) or to affect predicted age versus turnoff‐luminosity relations at more than the few percent level.
The robust desparsified lasso and the focused information criterion for high-dimensional generalized linear models

The classical lasso estimation for sparse, high-dimensional regression models is typically biased and lacks the oracle properties. The desparsified versions of the lasso have been proposed in the literature that attempt to overcome these drawbacks. In this paper, we propose the outliers-robust version of the desparsified lasso for high dimensional generalized linear models. The robustness, consistency and high dimensional asymptotics are investigated rigorously in a general framework of M-estimation under potential model misspecification. The desparsification mechanism is subsequently utilized to construct the focused information criterion (FIC) thereby facilitating robust, focused model selection in high dimensions. The applications are demonstrated with the Poisson regression under robust quasilikelihood loss function. The empirical performance of the proposed methods is examined via simulations and a real data example.
Magnetic Criticality and Unconventional Superconductivity in CeCoIn5: Study of 115In-Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance under Pressure

We report the systematic evolution of the superconducting (SC) characteristics of the heavy-fermion (HF) superconductor CeCoIn 5 via nuclear-quadrupole-resonance (NQR) measurement under pressure ( P ). The application of P significantly suppresses the nuclear spin–lattice relaxation rate 1/ T 1 that is dominated by antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin fluctuations (SFs) specific to a quantum critical point (QCP). It is demonstrated that the marked suppression of AFM SFs leads to a reduction in the SC energy gap or in the coupling strength of the Cooper pair. T c , nevertheless, increases with increasing P due to the increase in HF bandwidth. This is expected to make the lifetime of quasi-particles sufficiently long.
Perturbation of spectrums of 2×2 operator matrices

In this paper, we study the perturbation of spectrums of 2 x 2 operator matrices such as Mc = [ ̂ CB ] on the Hubert space H®K . For given A and B , we prove that f| a(Mc) = o,(A) U as{B) u {A 6 C : n{B X) # d{A X)) , CeB(K.H) where o(T), ax{T), a¡(T), n(T), and d(T) denote the spectrum of T, approximation point spectrum, defect spectrum, nullity, and deficiency, respectively. Some related results are obtained.
The discovery of non-linear X-ray variability in NGC 4051

We present a power spectral analysis of the 0.1--2 keV X-ray light curves of NGC 4051. Two long ROSAT observations have been analysed and the power spectra are shown to have significantly different shapes, indicating that the source is not statistically stationary on time-scales of ∼ 1 year. There is also strong evidence that the light curve is non-linear at certain epochs, which means that the power spectra do not adequately represent all the information contained in the light curve. The implications of these discoveries are far reaching and fundamental to the study of the X-ray light curves of active galactic nuclei. The two currently popular models for X-ray variability (multi-time-scale shot noise and rotating flares on a disc) are linear, and so cannot fully describe the data: however, models in which the variability events are correlated rather than random may be more successful in describing the observed light curves.
Global magnetic patterns in the Milky Way and the Andromeda nebula

A non-linear, thin-disc galactic dynamo model based on α-quenching is proposed. Assuming that the mean helicity depends on the magnetic field strength averaged across the disc, we derive a universal form of non-linearity in the radial dynamo equation. We apply our model to the Milky Way and the Andromeda nebula to study the origin of reversals, along the radius, of the regular magnetic field, and to obtain constraints on the geometrical shape and thickness of the magnetoionic layer. The reversals are shown to be a relic inherited from the structure of the seed field, which can survive provided that the dynamo is strong enough. The dynamo efficiency increases with the half-thickness of the magnetoionic layer, h, for moderate values of the latter
Turning and Sitting in Early Parkinsonism: Differences Between Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Associated with Parkinsonism and Parkinson's Disease

Differential diagnosis between idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) associated with parkinsonism (iNPH‐P) and Parkinson's disease (PD) may prove difficult when evaluating patients with early parkinsonism. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in mobility during standardized tasks between iNPH‐P and PD.
Decision Making Empowerment Among Women With And Without Microcredit Coverage

Background: Women of Bangladesh, especially rural women experience adverse situations in terms of socioeconomic inequality and gender disparity. This study compared the decision making empowerment among women with and with microcredit coverage. Methods: The study design was a cross sectional study in two sample situation. Total 258 women, 129 with microcredit coverage and 129 without microcredit, was selected by convenience sampling technique from Pakdy and Thantoly of Madaripur district in Bangladesh. Data were collected by face to face interview with the help of a semistructured questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Quality control and ethical issues were maintained strictly. Results: The study revealed that mean (±SD) age of women with microcredit coverage was 30.27(±9.62) years and women without microcredit coverage was 30.78(±8.98) years. Mean (±SD) score of decision making empowerment was significantly higher among women with microcredit (34.02±3.92) than without microcredit (17.89±5.20) (p<0.01). Mean (±SD) score of household related decision making empowerment among women with microcredit 14.22 (±1.96) was significantly higher (p<0.01). Mean (±SD) score of physical movement related decision making empowerment among women with microcredit (9.39±1.57) was significantly higher (p<0.01). Mean (±SD) score of economic decision making empowerment was significantly higher among women with microcredit coverage (10.50±1.324) (p<0.01). There were significant positive relationships between age of women with microcredit coverage and decision making empowerment (r=0.133). There were significant positive relationships between age (r=0.375) and monthly family income (r=0.308) of women without microcredit coverage and decision making empowerment. Conclusion: This study revealed that rural women had enhanced their decision making empowerment by participating in microcredit programmes. JOPSOM 2021; 40(2):1-8
Putting matters on the triangle-hinge models

In a recent paper [arXiv:1503.08812] a new class of models generating three-dimensional random volumes are introduced, where the Boltzmann weight of each configuration is given by the product of values assigned to the triangles and the hinges. These triangle-hinge models are characterized by semisimple associative algebras, and the set of possible diagrams can be reduced such that only and all of the tetrahedral decompositions of three-dimensional manifolds are generated. In this paper, we give a general prescription to put matters on the models. We show that the degrees of freedom representing matter fields can be assigned to simplices of any dimensions (tetrahedra, triangles, edges and vertices) in such a way that they have local interactions. Simple examples include the Ising model, the q-state Potts models and the RSOS models coupled to three-dimensional quantum gravity. We also show that the three-dimensional colored tensor models can be obtained by putting specific matters on tetrahedra, triangles and edges at a time.
Mechanics of Deformable Solids: Linear, Nonlinear, Analytical and Computational Aspects

Basic mechanics Variational formulations, work and energy theorems Theory of beams (strength of materials) Torsion of beams Theory of thin plates Bending of thin plates in polar coordinates Two-dimensional problems in Cartesian coordinates Two-dimensional problems in polar coordinates Thermo-elasticity Elastic stability Theory of thin shells Elasto-plasticity Elasto-viscoplasticity Nonlinear continuum mechanics Nonlinear elasticity Finite-strain elasto-plasticity Cyclic plasticity Damage mechanics Strain locolization Micro-mechanics of materials Cylindrical coordinates Cardan's formulae Matrices for the representation of second- and fourth-order tensors Zero-stress constraints.
Learning to Cycle: Is Velocity a Control Parameter for Children’s Cycle Patterns on the Balance Bike?

The balance bike (BB) has been pointed out as being the most efficient learning bicycle due to its inherent stimulation of balance. However, the process of acquiring the control of balance on the BB has not been explored. This study aimed to: (i) categorize the cycle patterns of children on the BB, (ii) compare the cycle patterns in different stages of learning (before and after six sessions of a BB practice program), and (iii) verify whether velocity is a control parameter leading to transitions between different cycle patterns on a BB. The data were collected during the Learning to Cycle program from 12 children aged 6.06 ± 1.25 years. The velocity was measured using an inertial sensor. Seven different movement patterns were captured and categorized through video analysis. After practice, there was an increase in the mean number of different patterns and in the global mean and maximum velocity. These were interpreted as an improvement of the motor competence in the use of the BB. The results obtained support the hypothesis that velocity is a control parameter which leads to the emergence of diverse patterns of behavior. As the speed increased, the amount of foot contact with the ground became less frequent and the locomotor modes that imply that longer flight phases began to emerge.
Out-Of-Distribution Detection for Generalized Zero-Shot Action Recognition

Generalized zero-shot action recognition is a challenging problem, where the task is to recognize new action categories that are unavailable during the training stage, in addition to the seen action categories. Existing approaches suffer from the inherent bias of the learned classifier towards the seen action categories. As a consequence, unseen category samples are incorrectly classified as belonging to one of the seen action categories. In this paper, we set out to tackle this issue by arguing for a separate treatment of seen and unseen action categories in generalized zero-shot action recognition. We introduce an out-of-distribution detector that determines whether the video features belong to a seen or unseen action category. To train our out-of-distribution detector, video features for unseen action categories are synthesized using generative adversarial networks trained on seen action category features. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to propose an out-of-distribution detector based GZSL framework for action recognition in videos. Experiments are performed on three action recognition datasets: Olympic Sports, HMDB51 and UCF101. For generalized zero-shot action recognition, our proposed approach outperforms the baseline with absolute gains (in classification accuracy) of 7.0%, 3.4%, and 4.9%, respectively, on these datasets.
ICDP Oman Drilling Project: varitextured gabbros from the dike–gabbro transition within drill core GT3A

Abstract. The Oman ophiolite (Samail massif, Sultanate of Oman) is the largest sub-aerial exposure of oceanic lithosphere on Earth and provides the opportunity to study the accretion and alteration of oceanic lithosphere formed under fast-spreading conditions. Drill hole GT3A (23∘06′50.7′′ N, 58∘12′42.2′′ E) of the ICDP (International Continental Scientific Drilling Program) Oman Drilling Project with a length of 400 m aimed at penetrating the dike–gabbro transition of the Samail ophiolite paleocrust in order to shed light on the role of the axial melt lens (AML) during accretion of the lower plutonic crust. AMLs beneath fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges are sandwiched between the sheeted dike complex and the uppermost gabbros and are believed to feed the upper crust and, at least partially, the underlying crystal mush. Typical gabbroic rocks from dike–gabbro transitions of fast-spreading systems are the so-called “varitextured gabbros”, often showing considerable variations in mineral mode, texture and grain size, which are regarded as the frozen fillings of axial melt lenses. Here, we present a detailed petrographic, microanalytical and bulk-chemical investigation of 36 mafic rocks from the drill hole GT3A, which represent mostly varitextured gabbros, revealing a complex formation with several evolution stages. Poikilitic domains formed first, corresponding to an early crystallization stage, where only plagioclase and clinopyroxene of more primitive composition crystallized. Later, domains of granular textures containing also interstitial amphibole and Fe–Ti oxide were formed. This stage is characterized by a magma evolution that underwent crystal fractionation established by lower temperatures due to more efficient hydrothermal cooling at the margin of the AML. A last stage is characterized by pervasive hydrothermal alteration, where all primary minerals have been altered under temperature conditions, varying from the magmatic regime down to greenschist facies. A highlight of this stage is amphiboles showing noticeable compositional zoning. The observation of peculiar microgranular domains, representing relics of stoped exogenic material from the sheeted dike complex, documents the upward migration of an AML in a replenishment event, forcing the AML to burn through previously altered sheeted dikes. This process is responsible for significant assimilation of hydrothermally altered components, indicated by a marked Cl enrichment in the outer zones of magmatic amphiboles. Petrological modeling involving gabbros and basalts revealed that the GT3A rock suite followed a fractional crystallization evolution trend, with a primitive MORB as parental melt with an estimated water content of 0.2 wt % to 0.8 wt %. The modeled liquid lines of descent suggest a magmatic evolution via fractional crystallization, where the basalts correspond to frozen liquids, while the gabbros, especially the more primitive ones, show a significant cumulate component.