Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Percentile Bootstrap Interval on Univariate Local Polynomial Regression Prediction

This study offers a new technique for constructing percentile bootstrap intervals to predict the regression of univariate local polynomials. Bootstrap regression uses resampling derived from paired and residual bootstrap methods. The main objective of this study is to perform a comparative analysis between the two resampling methods by considering the nominal coverage probability. Resampling uses a nonparametric bootstrap technique with the return method, where each sample point has an equal chance of being selected. The principle of nonparametric bootstrapping uses the original sample data as a source of diversity in contrast to parametric bootstrapping, where the variety comes from generating a particular distribution. The simulation results show that the paired and residual bootstrap interval coverage probabilities are close to nominal coverage. The results showed no significant difference between paired bootstrap interval and percentile residual. Increasing the bootstrap sample size sufficiently large gives the scatterplot smoothness of the confidence interval. Applying the smoothing parameter by choice gives a second-order polynomial regression with a smoother distribution than the first-order polynomial regression. The scatterplot shows that the second-degree polynomial regression can capture the data curvature feature compared to the first-degree polynomial. The bands made from second-degree polynomials give a narrower width than first-degree polynomials. In contrast, applying optimal smoothing parameters to the model provides different conclusions by using smoothing parameters based on choice. In addition to the differences based on the scatterplot, the bootstrap estimates of the coverage probability are also other. Selecting smoothing parameters based on a particular value provides probability coverage with the paired bootstrap method for the first-degree local polynomial regression is 0.93, while the second-degree local polynomial is 0.96. The probability of coverage based on the residual bootstrap method for the first-degree local polynomial regression is 0.95, while the second-degree local polynomial is 0.96. The probability coverage based on the optimal parameters of the paired bootstrap method for the first-degree local polynomial regression is 0.945, while the second-degree local polynomial is 0.93. The residual bootstrap method gives the first-degree local polynomial regression of 0.95, while the second-degree local polynomial is 0.93. In general, both bootstrap methods work well for estimating prediction confidence intervals.
Genetic divergence in fodder cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp.)

Sixty diverse genotypes of fodder cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp. ) evaluated for the genetic diversity were grouped into 10 clusters indicating high genetic divergence among them. The clustering pattern showed that geographic diversity is not an index of genetic diversity. Based on the intercluster distance and cluster mean for various characters, it could be seen. that the clusters I, II, IX and X were the most divergent from the other clusters. The genotypes from these clusters may possibly be utilized for hybridization programme. Dry matter yield, green fodder yield and plant height contributed highly towards the genetic divergence among the types studied.
Infliximab for the Treatment of Inflammatory Labyrinthitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Inflammatory labyrinthitis is defined as a fluctuant vestibulo-cochlear syndrome associated with an impairment of the blood-labyrinthine barrier (BLB) on delayed FLAIR MRI sequences. Systemic and intratympanic corticosteroids are the gold standard treatment but their effect is frequently insufficient. The objective is here to determine whether infliximab could be of value in the treatment of bilateral inflammatory labyrinthitis. A retrospective monocentric study was conducted between January 2013 and December 2021. All patients included in the study were affected with a bilateral vestibulo-cochlear syndrome associated with bilateral blood-labyrinthine barrier impairment. Patients were administered infliximab at the dose of 5 mg/kg every 6 weeks for 6 months. Audiometry, MRI with delayed FLAIR sequences on the labyrinth, and corticosteroid doses still required were assessed both before and after treatment with infliximab was completed. Pure-tone average (PTA) was the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes were the speech recognition threshold (SRT), the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) score, and the corticosteroid (CS) dose. A total of nine patients including five men and four women were enrolled in the study. Thirteen ears were analyzed. After a 6-month period of treatment, the mean PTA (54 ± 24 db versus 66 ± 22 db; p = 0.027), SRT (54 ± 37 db versus 66 ± 32 db; p = 0.041) and DHI score (27 ± 15 versus 9 ± 2; p = 0.032) significantly improved. After the 6-month treatment period, the mean CS dose decreased from 38 ± 33 to 6 ± 5 mg/day (p = 0.003). We conclude that infliximab substantially improves the vestibulo-cochlear function in patients with bilateral inflammatory labyrinthitis and could be of value in corticosteroid-dependent cases.
Development of an integrated stochastic radiobiological model for electromagnetic particle interactions in a 4D cellular geometry.

An integrated radiobiological model has been developed in this thesis using the Monte Carlo toolkit “Geant4” to produce a radiobiological modelling software package. The result is a simulation capable of: (a) growing a simulated 3D cell structure (i.e. tumour or mammalian tissue) composed of individual cells (with accurate chemical composition and geometry), (b) irradiating the cells and recording the microdosimetric track structure in each cell, (c) clustering spatially correlated ionisation events into DNA double strand breaks and then (d) predicting the likelihood that any given cell will survive. The novelty of this model is its ability to predict both the microscopic and macroscopic outcome of radiobiology experiments while varying input parameters such as cell line, radiation type, tumour geometry, dose etc. Previous research in this area has been limited to simple water volumes as representations of cells and none have been combined into an integrated radiobiological model.
ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE STYLE IN NETFLIXID CAPTION AS SOCIAL GAP NEGOTIATOR IN ONLINE INTERACTION

Along with the development of science and technology, people start inventing many ways to interact. Presently, there have been created various many types of media in helping their communication activity, one of them is Instagram. This paper aimed to analyze the language styles used in NetflixId Instagram posts caption to interact with their audiences. This research is qualitative research and the data were collected by time-stamp from 8th August-31st August 2021. The researcher used a theory from Martin Joos (1976) about types of language styles. The results showed that there were 4 types of language styles that used in NetflixId Instagram account, they are: formal style (9 data), consultative (20 data), casual (61 data) and intimate (2 data). The caption dominantly used casual language style in writing their Instagram captions as a tool to interact with their audiences.Keywords: Instagram Caption; Language Style; NetflixId
The Paradox of Integration: Racial Composition of NFL Positions from 1960 to 2020

As highly visible organizations, professional sports teams provide a context to examine the reproduction of racial hierarchies over time. This study analyzes racial segregation/integration in the NFL between 1960 and 2020. Using data from 20,357 players, we examine the racial composition of positions in the field and how these patterns influence career length. Our analysis reveals three distinct patterns of segregation/integration over time: cumulative hyper-segregation in high-risk positions, durable segregation in high-prestige positions, and integration in hybrid positions. We consider the implications of these findings for theory and research on racialized organizations as well as for the lives of players.
Sensitivities and Singular Vectors with Moist Norms

The sensitivity of forecast errors with respect to perturbations of the humidity analysis is described making use of the adjoint technique. Using different norms and adiabatic as well as diabatic versions of the tangent forward propagator (TFP) and its adjoint, it is shown that the influence on the forecast error of humidity perturbations obtained with the adjoint technique is relatively small compared to temperature, vorticity, and divergence perturbations. Moreover, the linearity of the growth of small humidity perturbations that are constrained by the background error covariance matrix is described. It is shown that already after 48 hours the growth of these humdity perturbations is significantly influenced by nonlinearities.
Co-production of biohydrogen and biomethane utilizing halophytic biomass Atriplexcrassifolia by two-stage anaerobic fermentation process

The excessive use of fossil has resulted in the drastic exhaustion of natural energy sources, leading to environmental challenges and energy crises. Owing to rising energy demand there is a dire need to shift towards renewable energies from lignocellulosic biomass. The present study assessed the co-production of biohydrogen (H2) and biomethane (CH4) by utilizing a less explored halophyte Atriplexcrassifolia. Various reaction parameters were evaluated for their effect on biohydrogen and biomethane production in batch experiments. One parameter at a time experimental strategy was chosen for production optimization. Hydrogen and methane yields along with their production rates were assessed at different incubation times, temperatures, pH, substrate concentrations, and inoculum sizes in acidogenesis and methanogenesis stages, respectively. In the first stage, maximum cumulative hydrogen production of 66 ± 0.02 mL, with hydrogen yield of 13.2 ± 0.03 mL/g, and hydrogen production rate (HPR) of 1.37 ± 0.05 mL/h was attained when the reaction mixture (5 g Atriplexcrassifolia and 10 mL pretreated sewage sludge) was processed at 37°C and pH 5.5 after 48 h of incubation. While in the second stage, maximum cumulative methane production, i.e., 343 ± 0.12 mL, methane yield (MY) of 8.5 ± 0.07 mL/mL, and methane production rate (MPR) of 0.8 ± 0.05 mL/h was achieved after 18 days of incubation of reaction mixture (40 mL of hydrogenic slurry with 80 mL inoculum) at 45°C and pH 8. Furthermore, a 51% and 24% rise in biohydrogen and biomethane production respectively were recorded when the gases were produced at these optimized reaction conditions. The results ensure halophyte Atriplexcrassifolia as an imperative renewable energy resource and proposed that effective optimization of the process further increased the coproduction of biohydrogen and biomethane.
Linear convergence of CQ algorithms and applications in gene regulatory network inference

In the present paper, we consider the varying stepsize CQ algorithm for solving the split feasibility problem in Hilbert spaces, investigate the linear convergence issue and explore an application in systems biology. In particular, we introduce a notion of bounded linear regularity property for the split feasibility problem, and use it to establish the linear convergence property for the varying stepsize CQ algorithm when using some suitable types of stepsizes, which covers most types of stepsizes used in the literature of CQ algorithms. We also provide some mild sufficient conditions for ensuring this bounded linear regularity property, and then conclude the linear convergence rate of the varying stepsize CQ algorithm for many application cases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to study the linear convergence rate of CQ algorithms. In the aspect of application, we consider the gene regulatory network inference arising in systems biology, which is formulated as a group Dantzig selector and then cast into a split feasibility problem. The numerical study on gene expression data of mouse embryonic stem cell shows that the varying stepsize CQ algorithm is applicable to gene regulatory network inference in the sense that it obtains a reliable solution matching with biological standards.
Influences of Orography and Coastal Geometry on a Transverse-Mode Sea-Effect Snowstorm over Hokkaido Island, Japan

Sea-effect snowstorms generated over the Sea of Japan produce consistent and often heavy snowfall throughout the winter season, impacting downstream communities in northern and central Japan. Here, we use observations and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulations to examine the precipitation distribution produced by transverse-mode sea-effect snowbands that interacted with the mountainous terrain circumscribing Ishikari Bay, Hokkaido Island, Japan, on 12 January 2014. The bands observed here were horizontal convective rolls aligned normal to the mean flow and were ~10 km wide and up to ~100 km long. The bands approached Ishikari Bay at intervals of ~10–16 min, intensifying as they progressed through a quasi-stationary, elongated enhancement region that paralleled the Shakotan Peninsula and extended into the Ishikari plain. Hydrometeor advection, through an ascent region over the northeast slope of the Shakotan Peninsula, and along clockwise-turning trajectories steered by the boundary layer directional shear, contributed to sustained precipitation enhancement along a curve in the elongated enhancement region near the entrance to Ishikari Bay. Downstream, orographic flow deflection by the coastal mountains, likely accentuated by thermal and roughness gradients along the Shakotan Peninsula’s shoreline, produced convergence and ascent along the elongated enhancement region. This study demonstrates the impact of downstream topography on sea-effect snowstorms and has implications for improving the prediction of snowfall in this and other lake- and sea-effect regions.
Scale and the evolutionarily based approximate number system: an exploratory study

ABSTRACT Crosscutting concepts such as scale, proportion, and quantity are recognised by U.S. science standards as a potential vehicle for students to integrate their scientific and mathematical knowledge; yet, U.S. students and adults trail their international peers in scale and measurement estimation. Culturally based knowledge of scale such as measurement units may be built on evolutionarily-based systems of number such as the approximate number system (ANS), which processes approximate representations of numerical magnitude. ANS is related to mathematical achievement in pre-school and early elementary students, but there is little research on ANS among older students or in science-related areas such as scale. Here, we investigate the relationship between ANS precision in public school U.S. seventh graders and their accuracy estimating the length of standard units of measurement in SI and U.S. customary units. We also explored the relationship between ANS and science and mathematics achievement. Accuracy estimating the metre was positively and significantly related to ANS precision. Mathematics achievement, science achievement, and accuracy estimating other units were not significantly related to ANS. We thus suggest that ANS precision may be related to mathematics understanding beyond arithmetic, beyond the early school years, and to the crosscutting concepts of scale, proportion, and quantity.
Localized plastic deformation in a model metallic glass: a survey of free volume and local force distributions

Plastic deformation of a model glass is investigated via large scale molecular dynamics simulations. The role of microscopic fluctuations of the structure for the deformation behavior is highlighted by demonstrating that statistically independent samples prepared via an identical protocol develop qualitatively distinct deformation paths. As a quantitative measure, the spatial distribution of the particle based excess volume is monitored via Voronoi tesselation. While the fluctuations of the thus defined single-particle based excess volume do not seem to show any signature of the strain field, a non-local definition of the excess volume clearly correlates with the observed shear deformation field. The distribution of the force acting on individual particles also shows a pattern strongly similar to that of the strain. In line with other studies, these results underline the importance of both the structural heterogeneities as well as the fluctuations of the locally acting forces and stresses for plastic deformation in amorphous solids.
A MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF BODY AND VERTEBRAL CANAL OF THORACIC VERTEBRAE & ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Address for Correspondence: Dr Archana Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, RMCH Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-Mail: drarchana279@gmail.com Introduction: Accurate anatomical descriptions of the size, shape and orientation of the main structures of the human vertebrae and intervertebral discs are necessary for a variety of approaches and objectives such as the identification of clinical situations that are related to the morphometry of the spine structures, such as the incidence of low-back pain related to the spinal canal size. So the present study was done to measure the various morphometric parameters of thoracic vertebral body and neural canal. Materials and Methods: Total 100 sets of dry human thoracic vertebra were obtained. These are of unknown age and sex. All Morphometric parameters were measured by digital Vernier caliper of accuracy of 0.01mm. Anterior height of the body (VBAH), Posterior height of the body (VBPH), Antero-posterior Diameter of Vertebral body (VBAPD), Transverse Diameter of Vertebral body (VBTD), Anteroposterior diameter of Vertebral Canal (VCAPD) and Transverse diameter of Vertebral Canal (VCTD). All parameters were entered into excel sheet and analysis was done by SPSS. Results: Mean VBAH ranged from 13.17+1.35mm (T1) to 17.92+2.25mm (T12), mean VBPH from 15.01+1.27mm (T1) to 20.92+4.58mm (T12), mean VBAPD ranged from 11.62+1.96mm (T1) to 18.12+5.71mm (T12), mean VBTD from 24.28+5.68mm (T1) to 28.59+5.97mm (T12), mean VCAPD ranged from 12.46+1.30mm (T1) to 16.05+2.41mm (T12) and VCTD from 17.15+2.19mm (T1) to 20.11+3.74mm (T12). Conclusion: The results of the present study may help in designing implants and instrumentations; understanding spine pathologies; and management of spinal disorder.
New Harmonic Generation Microscopy Techniques based on Focal Volume Modelling

New harmonic generation microscopy techniques based on focal volume modelling Daaf Sandkuijl Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Physics University of Toronto 2013 Nonlinear microscopy has become an indispensable tool in the study of biological systems. It includes many nonlinear contrast mechanisms, each sensitive to different biological structures. However, interpretation of the images generated in nonlinear microscopy is a complex matter due to factors such as the structural complexity of the sample, phase relationships between the excitation beam and the detected signal and the nonlinear interactions in the focal volume of the microscope. This thesis contains a new theoretical and numerical framework that describes the focusing of an excitation beam in a nonlinear microscope, the nonlinear optical interactions with the material in the focal volume, and the resulting nonlinear optical signal in the far field. The framework is the first to include reflection and refraction of the excitation beam and nonlinear signals by an arbitrary number of interfaces in the focal volume, which is especially significant for the interpretation of third harmonic generation (THG). It also uses the chirp-z transform to speed up calculations by orders of magnitude compared to numerical integration techniques. The framework is used to investigate second harmonic generation (SHG) by collagen. Focusing effects alter polarization-dependent SHG measurements of collagen properties compared to the plane wave approximation, and this is verified experimentally. Furthermore, a technique of imaging the far field SHG radiation from collagen fibres is proposed, which can be used to extract the orientation of collagen fibres unambiguously.
Islamic Banking Loyalty in Indonesia: The Role Brand Image, Promotion, and Trust

This study aims to investigate the impact of brand image and promotion on customer loyalty in Islamic banking in Indonesia, with trust serving as a moderator variable. Specifically, the research aims to accomplish two objectives: (1) to examine the direct influence of brand image and promotion on trust and customer loyalty and (2) to investigate the indirect effect of brand image and promotion on customer loyalty through trust. The data were collected from 150 customers of Bank Syariah Indonesia, located in Jakarta Lenteng Agung Branch. To ensure the robustness of its findings, a rigorous quantitative analysis was conducted, utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM) and Smart PLS 3.3. The results indicate that each of the investigated variables holds statistical significance. In particular, it also reveals a partial direct relationship of brand image and promotion on trust. Moreover, the findings suggest that brand image and promotion have a significant influence on customer loyalty, either directly or indirectly through trust. Additionally, the study demonstrates a clear association between trust and customer loyalty. One of the original contributions of this study is the identification of trust's substantial mediating role in the relationship between brand image and promotion on customer loyalty at Bank Syariah Indonesia, Jakarta Lenteng Agung Branch. ========================================================================================================ABSTRAK – Loyalitas Nasabah pada Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia: Peran Citra Merek, Promosi, dan Kepercayaan. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh citra merek dan promosi terhadap kepercayaan, dimana kepercayaan sebagai moderatornya. Secara khusus, kajian ini mengkaji: 1) pengaruh citra merek dan promosi terhadap kepercayaan dan kepuasan pelanggan, dan 2) pengaruh tidak langsung dari citra merek dan promosi terhadap loyalitas pelanggan yang dimoderasi oleh kepercayaan. Data primer diperoleh melalui survey kepada 150 sampel nasabah pada Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Jakarta Lenteng Agung. Untuk melakukan analisis kuantitatif yang bagus, kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan structural equation modeling (SEM) dan Smart PLS 3.3. Temuan kajian menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing variabel yang diteliti secara statistik menghasilkan nilai yang signifikan. Secara parsial, ada hubungan langsung antara citra merek dan promosi terhadap kepercayaan. Faktor-faktor tersebut juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui kepercayaan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang nyata antara kepercayaan dan loyalitas pelanggan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam mengidentifikasi signifikansi fungsi mediasi dari variabel kepercayaan pada hubungan antara citra merek dan promosi terhadap loyalitas pelanggan Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Jakarta Lenteng Agung.