Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends and Structural Changes in Japanese Post-2011 Agri-Food Trade Flows

On March 11, 2011, an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 on the Richter scale hit Japan. The epicenter of the earthquake was located on the northeastern part of Japan, 130 km of the Pacific Coast of the Tohoku District. The earthquake impacted the northeastern and the eastern part of Japan causing a 10-meter tsunami (Mori et al., 2011) 1) that traveled 10 km inland covering approximately 560 square kilometers of land. The tsunami destroyed the electric system of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear power plant and led to explosions in the containment vessels of reactors 1, 3 and 4, releasing radioactivity in the agricultural plain of Kanto, Tohoku and the Pacific Ocean. The total damage to Japan’s capital stocks, that immediately created exclusion zones for production and soon thereafter faced international surveillance measures, 2) was ¥16.9 trillion ($211.7 billion) while the damages to Japan’s agriculture were ¥1.9 trillion ($23.8 billion) 3) (Fujita et al., 2012; MAFF, 2012). Damages to Japan’s fishery, agriculture and forestry sectors reached ¥2.34 trillion ($29.3 billion). 4)
Synthesis, characterization, and thermal analysis of a new energetic salt based on 1ʹ-hydroxy-1H,1ʹH-5,5ʹ-bitetrazol-1-olate

ABSTRACT 4-Amino-1,2,4-triazolium 1ʹ-hydroxy-1H,1ʹH-5,5ʹ-bitetrazol-1-olate (ATHBTO) was synthesized by reacting 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT) and 1H,1′H-5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate dihydrate (H2BTO·2H2O). Its crystal structure was characterized through single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Meanwhile, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis were also introduced to analyze its composition. The thermal stability was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and thermogravimetric tandem infrared spectrum. Results indicated that ATHBTO exhibited excellent resistance to thermal decompositions reaching 511.4 K and had a 64.6% mass loss between 475.7 and 552.3 K. The kinetics parameters were calculated by Kissinger’s method and Ozawa–Doyle’s method. Moreover, according to the Kamlet–Jacobs formula, the calculated detonation velocity and detonation pressure of ATHBTO attained 8218 m/s and 28.69 GPa, respectively.
Optimizing Bed Width and Orifice Flow Rate for Wheat Crop Irrigation in The Nile Delta عرض المصاطب ومعدل تدفق الفتحات الامثل لري محصول القمح في دلتا النيل

A field study was conducted at Gemmeiza Research Station, Gharbia Governorate, middle of Nile Delta, Egypt, having a clay textured soil during two winter seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. The aim of the current research was to investigate the impact of wheat planting method and flow rate on irrigation efficiency and grain yield under surface irrigation system. To achieve this purpose three planting methods (F: flat method, bed width of 120cm (W120) and bed width of 80cm (W80) under three orifice flow rates (Q1 = 1.0 L/s, Q2 = 1.5 L/s and Q3 = 2.0 L/s) were applied to closed end long furrows of 50 m length without dikes. The main results cleared out that; the shortest advance time of 64 min was obtained at treatment of (W80+Q3). The lowest total applied water of 1407 m/fed. was obtained by the treatment (W120+Q3) which saved irrigation water by about 58.7% comparing with the highest treatment (F+Q1=3403 m/fed). The highest water application efficiency, water uniformity coefficient (Cu), wheat grain yield and water productivity were 67.8%, 75.4%, 3100 kg/fed and 2.2 kg/m, respectively accomplished by the treatment (W120+Q3). The highest values of straw yield, number of spikes/m and 1000 grain weight (g) were 6500 kg/fed, 418 spikes/m and 54.1 g, respectively were achieved by treatment (W120 + Q3).
EFL Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions of Online Learning Applications during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Covid-19 has affected the educational system worldwide, and it makes the teaching and learning process done through online learning. This study aims to investigate EFL undergraduate students’ perceptions of utilising online learning applications during the Covid-19. There were 200 participants chosen with simple random sampling. The research instrument was an online questionnaire using a Likert scale of four items. Then data analysis employed a qualitative descriptive method to analyse two indicators: experience and comfort. The findings showed that these indicators were in the same category (positive). It indicated that mostly EFL undergraduate students had positive experiences and felt convenient in operating 4 out of 10 popular online learning applications. They preferred using WhatsApp Group, Email, Google Classroom, and YouTube channel during online learning. The recommendation is that lecturers use the most favourable online learning applications and design online engaging courses so that all undergraduate students keep feeling positive, enjoyable, and motivated to take online learning during the Covid-19 outbreak.
Consumer Attitude and Online Purchase Intention: A Segmentation Analysis in Malaysian Halal Cosmetic Industry

The purpose of this paper is to segment Malaysian experienced online shoppers into distinct groups based on their demographic characteristics, consumer attitude and online purchase intention of halal cosmetic products. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed to experienced online shoppers across different age groups, using purposive and convenient sampling technique. Subsequently, the cluster analysis was conducted with the purpose of subdividing the sample into homogeneous segments. The finding provides an important implication for developing robust marketing strategies in relations to improving the acceptance of online shopping of halal cosmetic products in Malaysia. By realizing the differences between experienced shoppers, online retailers should segment these groups more effectively and should implement a different marketing strategy to target the right segment and provide the right shoppers with the right marketing tactic.
The impact of nitrifying probiotic to population growth of pathogenic bacteria, Vibrio sp., and toxic nitrogen gasses in marine shrimp culture media under laboratory condition

Intensification of shrimp farming has led to problems of water quality and development of pathogenic bacteria. The excess feed and fecal deposited in the bottom of the pond undergo ammonification and result in excess of ammonia formation in pond water and sediment. The purposes of this research was to investigate the impact nitrifying bacteria application on the controlling of pathogenic Vibrio sp. bacteria and toxic nitrogen gasses. Twelve (12) transparent glass bottles (effective volume of 3 L) were used in this research. Tested probiotic was purchased in free market and producer claims to contain Nitrosomonas sp. , Nitrosococcus sp. , Nitrobacter sp. , Bacillus sp. , Aerobacter sp. , and Pseudomonas sp. The tested media was sea water containing Vibrio sp. , TAN, NO2 and NO3 of 54.07 ± 2.93 mg/L; 6.33 ± 0.17 mg/L; 2.43 ± 0.04 mg/L; and 0.46 ± 0.01 mg/L respectively. The treatment of probiotic was 0 mg/L as a control; 0.1 mg/L; 0.2 mg/L; and 0.4 mg/L with 3 replications. In regard to concentration of Vibrio sp. , NH3 and NO2 gasses, treatment doses of 0.1 mg/L (A) resulted a save level within 4 days after treatment, but to more secure in the practical work for shrimp farm, the doses of 0.2 mg/L (B) is suggested.
Binary mixtures of HMIMPF6 ionic liquid and n-butyl acetate cosolvent in the extraction of acetone from aqueous solutions

ABSTRACT A remarkable disadvantage of pure ionic liquids, to be used as a solvent in different processes, is their high viscosity and density. Here, n-butyl acetate was used as a cosolvent in the liquid–liquid system of {water + acetone + 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (HMIMPF6) ionic liquid}. Mixtures of the ionic liquid and the cosolvent were used as the organic phase to extract acetone from aqueous phase. A drastic decrease in viscosity and a significant decrease in density of the ionic liquid were achieved in the presence of cosolvent. Accordingly, the liquid–liquid equilibrium of different provided systems was studied under temperature of 298.2 K and atmospheric pressure of 81.5 kPa. Binary phase regions and corresponding tie-lines and binodal curves were obtained for ternary and quaternary systems. Results show the extension of the binodal solubility region as well as enhancements up to 41.8% in the acetone separation factor. The tie-line data consistency was confirmed by the Othmer–Tobias and the Hand equations. Moreover, the nonrandom two-liquid model of activity coefficient was applied satisfactorily to reproduce the equilibrium data with a root-mean-square deviation of only 1.95%.
Microbiological status of minced pork meat in vacuum and modified atmosphere packaging

A b s t r a c t: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different packaging conditions (vacuum and modified atmosphere) on the microbiological status (total viable count, lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and pH in minced pork meat. Pork mince was packaged in vacuum, modified atmosphere with 20% O2, 50% CO2 and 30% N2 (MAP 1) or modified atmosphere with 20% O2, 30% CO2 and 50% N2 (MAP 2), refrigerated at 3±1°C and examined on the days 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 of storage. The average total viable counts and total Enterobacteriaceae counts in vacuum packaged mince were statistically significantly higher (p<0.01; p<0.05) than in modified atmosphere packaged mince with both combinations of gases, on different days of storage. The largest decrease of total viable count and Enterobacteriaceae count was noted in modified atmosphere packaged mince with the higher concentration (50%) of CO2.
The Dynamic Impact of Crude Oil Price and Real Estate Growth on Stock Market Performance

Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) for the special MyRA Funding with Project ID: F01/SpMYRA/1675/2018. Abstract: This paper examines the effect of crude oil price and real estate growth on Malaysian stock market performance by examining the monthly data from 1999-2016 using both linear and nonlinear tests. These tests examine the long-run and short-run relationship among variables. Granger causality test is used to measure the short-run adjustments towards the long-run relationship among the variables. The results of Granger causality test indicates that a bidirectional relationship exists between stock market performance, crude oil price, real estate. In other words, there is a dynamic relationship among the stock market performance, crude oil and real estate.
Does the Use of Personal Protection Equipment for the Medical Staff Working with Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Need to be Revised

Background: Personal protective equipment (PPE) is one of the protective equipment that health workers can use to protect themselves against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19); however, it is accompanied by some problems for medical staff. Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not transmitted through healthy skin, the hypothesis was examined as to whether the cotton gown could be used instead of PPE. Methods: The medical staff of the Neonatal Care Unit took care of 51 patients with 1180 shifts. During the first and a half months, the medical personnel used a special PPE package for providing care of patients, which included an air-impermeable plastic gown with a head-to-toe cover, an N95 mask, gloves, and a face shield. However, from the beginning of the epidemic, doctors used cotton surgical gowns instead of the ones in the package. Following that, the nursing team gradually replaced the air-impermeable plastic gowns with cotton surgical gowns, and finally, all the staff used the cotton gowns. Results: After three months, all medical staff was evaluated for clinical signs of COVID-19, such as fever, cough, nausea, and headache. During these three months, no symptoms or absence due to illness were observed in the staff. It should be mentioned that the antibody titer was not evaluated at the end of the study. Conclusion: A retrospective review of the staff showed that the cotton surgical gown protected the staff against COVID-19. Accordingly, the cotton surgical gown can be used in medical centers to replace PPE sets containing an air-impermeable plastic gown with a head-to-toe cover. The result of this study can improve some of the problems of the medical staff.
Prognostic significance of peripheral blood immune response in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a narrative review

: Recurrence rates after complete resection of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain high despite advances in earlier diagnosis with increased low-dose CT screening. While previous efforts have illustrated the role of the immune response in the tumor microenvironment, a thorough understanding of the impact of the systemic immune response in early-stage NSCLC is still lacking and needed. Elaborating on the associations between the peripheral immune response and clinical outcomes is essential for risk stratification and for developing effective immunotherapeutic strategies to improve long term patient outcomes. In addition, measuring the association between immune markers in the blood and patient’s response to the disease provides a valuable opportunity for caregivers to gain prognostic information by simple and inexpensive blood draws, without the need to invasively access the tumor microenvironment. The role of these peripheral blood biomarkers has been extensively studied in a variety of solid tumors; however, the prognostic value of many immune markers in NSCLC is less well-defined. Herein, we review the role of the immune cells involved in the peripheral immune response to NSCLC and the prognostic significance of clinical biomarkers that can be measured inexpensively without access to the tumor microenvironment. This comprehensive review lays the groundwork for further research into the prognostic utility of immune markers found in the peripheral blood of NSCLC.
Microbiome And Metabolome Driven Differentiation Of TGF-β Producing Tregs Leads to Senescence and HIV Latency

Therapeutic interventions to eradicate latent HIV in ART-treated infection have yet to show efficacy. We used a systems biology approach to identify a subset of ART-treated individuals with immune-dysfunction that had the highest frequencies of cells with inducible HIV. Contrary to the prevailing notion that immune activation drives HIV persistence, blood from these individuals was enriched in senescence-inducing genes (high FOXO3, SMAD2 and IRF3), Treg frequencies and TGF-β signaling expression. In these "Senescent-INRs", high Firmicute phylum plasma nucleotides and butyrate/bile acids (like a-ketobutyrate) correlated with Treg frequencies and inducible HIV levels. Stimulation of naive CD4 T-cells with a-ketobutyrate led to TGF-β producing Treg differentiation, and PD-1 up-regulation on less differentiated cells. A dose dependent increase in latent HIV-infected memory CD4 T-cells was observed after TGF-β stimulation. Senescence cascades identified here can be targeted by PD-1/TGF-β specific interventions that have shown safety/efficacy in cancer, and can be crucial for HIV eradication.
Deviation from target capital structure as a factor of acquisition decisions in European developed markets

The purpose of this paper is to examine the causal relation between deviations from target capital structure (leverage deficit) and acquisition choices in capital markets in Western Europe. The analysis is conducted using a sample of 921 large companies, which represents a strong and solid base for testing target capital structure and takeover interdependence, as the focus is on the period when half of the largest M&A deals in Western Europe occurred. This study found that leverage deficit is a crucial determinant of acquisition choices and market reaction on acquisition announcements, measured by CARs to bidders. Companies that are underleveraged relative to their target capital structure have a higher probability of undertaking acquisitions. On the other hand, the market reacts unfavourably to acquisition announcements of underleveraged acquirers – overleveraged companies undertake the most value-enhancing acquisitions, whilst underleveraged companies make poor acquisition choices. This paper enriches the literature by empirically extending the understanding of how managers make investment decisions in relation to capital structure, and how capital markets assess the impact of these investments.
COVID-19 remote learning experiences of youth with neurodevelopmental disorders in rural Appalachia.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a major educational shift took place-the transition from face-to-face instruction to remote learning. Although this transition impacted all learners, it is speculated that groups of vulnerable youth (i.e., those with neurodevelopmental disorders, in rural areas, from low-income families) would demonstrate significant difficulties with remote instruction. However, no work to date has investigated remote learning in these groups in rural settings. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to characterize remote learning experiences in youth with neurodevelopmental disorders from rural Appalachia. Forty-nine youth (aged 6-17 years) and caregivers who had previously completed a comprehensive psychoeducational assessment were contacted to participate in an online study during COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. Youth and caregivers reported on psychopathology, emotion regulation and coping strategies, remote learning experiences, and demographics. A majority (87%) of students in rural Appalachia were not receiving the recommended amount of direct remote instruction. Indeed, a majority of school services received pre-COVID were not continued during remote learning. Greater child emotion dysregulation and parent psychopathology were predictive of remote learning difficulties and less engagement. Youth's adaptive coping abilities were predictive of greater total schoolwork per day. Parent employment was associated with greater difficulty with remote learning, but Individualized Education Program (IEP)/504 status and family income were not related to remote learning experiences. Results identified intervention leverage points, including improving adaptive coping and emotion regulation abilities, and reducing parent psychopathology and stress, to improve remote learning outcomes for youth in rural settings with neurodevelopmental disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Public Health Significance Statement-The transition from face-to-face instruction to remote learning during the COVID-19 stay-at-home orders significantly impacted all students and likely impacted vulnerable youth at a disproportionate rate. Students with neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and learning disorders) in rural Appalachia were receiving less than the recommended amount of direct instruction and few of their pre-COVID school services (e.g., therapy, tutoring, and test accommodations). Improving emotion regulation and adaptive coping strategies in youth and decreasing parental psychopathology symptoms (i.e., anxiety and depression) and stress could improve student remote learning outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Explainable, trustworthy, and ethical machine learning for healthcare: A survey

With the advent of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) empowered applications for critical applications like healthcare, the questions about liability, trust, and interpretability of their outputs are raising. The black-box nature of various DL models is a roadblock to clinical utilization. Therefore, to gain the trust of clinicians and patients, we need to provide explanations about the decisions of models. With the promise of enhancing the trust and transparency of black-box models, researchers are in the phase of maturing the field of eXplainable ML (XML). In this paper, we provided a comprehensive review of explainable and interpretable ML techniques for various healthcare applications. Along with highlighting security, safety, and robustness challenges that hinder the trustworthiness of ML, we also discussed the ethical issues arising because of the use of ML/DL for healthcare. We also describe how explainable and trustworthy ML can resolve all these ethical problems. Finally, we elaborate on the limitations of existing approaches and highlight various open research problems that require further development.
A Theoretical Investigation into the Role of Surface Defects for Oxygen Evolution on RuO2

The inability of conventional theoretical models to corroborate the well-known experimental activity of RuO2 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has recently been the subject of numerous research efforts. In this study, we use density functional theory calculations to investigate the possibility that surface defects formed during dissolution are responsible for the OER activity of RuO2. It has been well-established experimentally that RuO2 undergoes dissolution during OER, yet little is known about the atomic structure or catalytic reactivity of the resulting defect sites. Through simulation of point defects, steps, and kinks derived from the RuO2 (110) surface, we discover a 0.7 eV range in the primary descriptor for OER activity, with the most active sites outperforming those at the ideal (110) surface by nearly 0.5 eV. We postulate that these variations in reactivity are due to differences in the local electronic structure, and we investigate in more detail the electronic structure of two singly co.