Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internal Wave Wake of a Moving Storm. Part I. Scales, Energy Budget and Observations

Abstract The ocean's baroclinic response to a steadily moving storm is analyzed using a numerical model for an inviscid, multi-layered fluid. This first part of a two-part study gives a detailed account of the response to a rapidly moving hurricane, while parameter dependence is examined in the second part. A central theme of both parts is the coupling between wind-forcing, the surface mixed layer, and the thermocline. The baroclinic response is made up of a geostrophic component and a three-dimensional wake of inertial-internal waves which is emphasized. These waves initially have large horizontal spatial scales set directly by the storm. Their along-storm track wavelength is the storm translation speed times the wave period, which is typically five percent less than the local inertial period. Their cross-track scale is the storm scale. If the storm is intense as it is here, finite amplitude effects soon produce a double inertial frequency wave and smaller spatial scales. An important qualitative result .
Ellipsoidal drop model for single drop dynamics with non-Newtonian fluids

A phenomenological model for the dynamics of a single drop immersed in an immiscible matrix is proposed with the two incompressible component liquids being in general viscoelastic. The model is formulated by assuming that the drop is always ellipsoidal, and the model parameters are determined once and for all in the small deformation limit. The model is thereafter applicable to whatever flow condition is imposed at infinity, and for whatever intensity of flow field. Predictions of steady state deformation, drop breakup, and drop relaxation display the effects of constitutive elasticity on the drop dynamics.
Vertical N-Type and P-Type Nanosheet FETs With C-Shaped Channel

We presented and demonstrated both n- and p-type vertical C-shaped-channel nanosheet field-effect transistors (VCNFETs) featured with precise control of both channel thickness and gate length. The VCNFETs were fabricated by high-quality Si/SiGe epitaxy and atomic layer deposition to obtain nanometer-scale process control and self-aligned high-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> metal gate (HKMG). The integration flow is compatible with the process used in the mainstream industry and it can be easily extended to vertically stacked devices. Both the gate length and the channel thickness of the VCNFETs are mainly determined by the thicknesses of Si/SiGe films grown by epitaxy, instead of lithography and etch techniques. Perfect subthreshold swing (SS), small drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), and large <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}/{I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ratio were achieved for both n- and p-VCNFETs due to the crystalline silicon channel and the well-defined doping profiles. The device performance and optimization were also investigated and discussed. Used as access transistors in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) array, VCNFETs were also demonstrated for the potential applications to 10-nm DRAM and beyond.
THE ELECTRONIC BAND STRUCTURES FOR AN ANTIFERROMAGNETIC STATE OF Cu2Sb-TYPE INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND Cr2As

Electronic band structure calculations are carried out for the antiferromagnetic state of an intermetallic compound Cr2As, having the Cu2Sb-type crystal structure, by using a self-consistent linearized augmented-plane-wave (LAPW) method. The partial density of states (DOS) for Cr (II) 3d states shows a small energy splitting (about 1 eV) between the spin-up and spin-down bands, while that for Cr (I) 3d states hardly shows. The magnetic moments at Cr (I) and Cr (II) sites are evaluated to be 0. 33μB and 1. 37µB per atom, respectively. These values agree well with the observed values. The calculated DOS shows good correspondence with photoemission and inverse photoemission spectra measured recently.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on banking and financial sector stock returns

Using the Indian banking and financial services stocks, this study set out to examine the impacts of the global pandemic and government measures on the stock returns around four pandemic-related events. This study employs the event study methodology with the market model estimation for a 210-day estimation window [-214,-5] and a 15-day event window [-4,+10]. The reaction was mild to the announcement of 'Health Emergency of Global Concern', but as soon as the coronavirus outbreak was declared a 'global pandemic', the market reacted significantly. Further, due to the expected economic stimulus, the Reserve Bank of India's financial measures resulted in a positive response from the market. The public and private sector banks are almost non-reactive to the first event. The findings deny that with the available prices, during an event, abnormal returns are impossible. The analysis results make it easier for them to formulate sustainable policies and constitute a high-yield moderate-risk portfolio during such emergencies.
Suppression of Baroclinic Instability in Horizontally Sheared Flows

Abstract Baroclinic instability in the presence of a meridionally sheared barotropic component to the basic flow is studied using a two-level model. The inclusion of a linear shear results in merldionally confined normal modes with growth rates much reduced compared to the unsheared case. Similar results hold for more complicated situations, such as a baroclinic jet with barotropic shear. The results are applied to life cycle calculations in which it is shown that the nonlinear decay phase of a baroclinic disturbance sets up barotropic shears whichtend to suppress further baroclinic developments. An example of the Southern Hemisphere winter mean flow is found to be strongly stabilized by virtue of a strong sheared barotropic part of the zonal flow.
The significant effect of the choice of ionic current integration method in cardiac electro‐physiological simulations

Finite element (FE) cardiac electro‐physiology solvers commonly have ionic current determined at mesh nodes but required element interiors. We consider two interpolation approaches: (i) ionic current interpolation (ICI), where nodal ionic currents are linearly interpolated into the element and (ii) state variable interpolation (SVI), where cell model state variables are interpolated instead, from which the ionic current is evaluated. We explain why SVI leads to a method which is massively more computationally demanding than ICI (more than might originally be expected), and then demonstrate that the difference in results can be surprisingly large even on what are generally considered suitably fine meshes. We explain why the conduction velocity in ICI simulations is generally too large, identify how ICI can give ‘accidentally’ accurate conduction velocities through two particular sources of error balancing, and illustrate how the difference between ICI and SVI can be huge in anisotropic problems. We also characterize the ICI/SVI difference over a range of cell models, in terms of model upstroke‐velocity and formulation of the fast sodium current. Finally, we propose and evaluate a hybrid method which provides the accuracy of SVI, while retaining the efficiency of ICI. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Young Radio Sources Expanding in Gas-Rich ISM: Using Cold Molecular Gas to Trace Their Impact

We present an overview of the results obtained from the study of the resolved distribution of molecular gas around eight young (≲106yr), peaked-spectrum radio galaxies. Tracing the distribution and kinematics of the gas around these radio sources allows us to trace the interplay between the jets and the surrounding medium. For three of these sources, we present new CO(1-0) observations, obtained with the Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) with arcsecond resolution. In two of these targets, we also detected CN lines, both in emission and absorption. Combining the new observations with already published data, we discuss the main results obtained. Although we found that a large fraction of the cold molecular gas was distributed in disc-like rotating structures, in the vast majority of the sources, high turbulence and deviations from purely quiescent gas (including outflows) were observed in the region co-spatial with the radio continuum emission. This suggests the presence of an interaction between radio plasma and cold molecular gas. In particular, we found that newly born and young radio jets, even those with low power i.e., Pjet < 1045 erg s−1), are able to drive massive outflows of cold, molecular gas. The outflows are, however, limited to the sub-kpc regions and likely short lived. On larger scales (a few kpc), we observed cases where the molecular gas appears to avoid the radio lobes and, instead, wraps around them. The results suggest the presence of an evolutionary sequence, which is consistent with previous simulations, where the type of impact of the radio plasma changes as the jet expands, going from a direct jet-cloud interaction able to drive gas outflows on sub-kpc scales to a more gentle pushing aside of the gas, increasing its turbulence and likely limiting its cooling on kpc scales. This effect can be mediated by the cocoon of shocked gas inflated by the jet–cloud interactions. Building larger samples of young and evolved radio sources for observation at a similar depth and spatial resolution to test this scenario is now needed and may be possible thanks to more data becoming available in the growing public archives.
New uniaxial pressure cell used in a study of magnetization of the Heusler Ni2MnSn-based alloy

ABSTRACT A versatile type of non-magnetic uniaxial pressure cell has been designed for magnetic measurements in SQUID magnetometer. An advanced technology of machining of miniature parts of the cell was used to make new type of an internal squeezer module, where a sample can be compressed by force up to 3 kN in direction perpendicular to external magnetic field. A correct operation of the cell was tested by study of magnetic behaviour of the Heusler off-stoichiometric Ni2MnSn alloy under uniaxial compression. An unexpected significant difference between reversible effects of uniaxial compression on magnetization of the austenite and martensite phases of the alloy is discussed. The uniaxial compression effects are compared with the effects of hydrostatic pressure on a coupling between magnetization and structural transformation of the alloy.
BRG1: Promoter or Suppressor of Cancer? The Outcome of BRG1’s Interaction with Specific Cellular Pathways

BRG1 is one of two catalytic subunits of the SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex. In cancer, it has been hypothesized that BRG1 acts as a tumor suppressor. Further study has shown that, under certain circumstances, BRG1 acts as an oncogene. Targeted knockout of BRG1 has proven successful in most cancers in suppressing tumor growth and proliferation. Furthermore, BRG1 effects cancer proliferation in oncogenic KRAS mutated cancers, with varying directionality. Thus, dissecting BRG1’s interaction with various cellular pathways can highlight possible intermediates that can facilitate the design of different treatment methods, including BRG1 inhibition. Autophagy and apoptosis are two important cellular responses to stress. BRG1 plays a direct role in autophagy and apoptosis and likely promotes autophagy and suppresses apoptosis, supporting unfettered cancer growth. PRMT5 inhibits transcription by interacting with ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, such as SWI/SNF. When PRMT5 associates with the SWI/SNF complex, including BRG1, it represses tumor suppressor genes. The Ras/Raf/MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway in cancers is a signal transduction pathway involved in the transcription of genes related to cancer survival. BRG1 has been shown to effect KRAS-driven cancer growth. BRG1 associates with several proteins within the signal transduction pathway. In this review, we analyze BRG1 as a promising target for cancer inhibition and possible synergy with other cancer treatments.
The tearing mode locking–unlocking mechanism to an external resonant field in EXTRAP T2R

The tearing mode (TM) locking and unlocking process due to an external resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) is experimentally studied in EXTRAP T2R. The RMP produces a reduction of the natural TM velocity and ultimately the TM locking if a threshold in the RMP amplitude is exceeded. During the braking process, the TM slows down via a mechanism composed of deceleration and acceleration phases. During the acceleration phases, the TM can reach velocities higher than the natural velocity. Once the TM locking occurs, the RMP must be reduced to a small amplitude to obtain the TM unlocking, showing that the unlocking threshold is significantly smaller than the locking threshold and that the process is characterized by hysteresis. Experimental results are in qualitative agreement with a model that describes the locking–unlocking process via the balance of the electromagnetic torque produced by the RMP that acts to brake the TM and the viscous torque that tends to re-establish the unperturbed velocity.
A new formulation of Signorini's type for seepage problems with free surfaces

A new variational inequality formulation for seepage problems with free surfaces is presented, in which a boundary condition of Signorini's type is prescribed over the potential seepage surfaces. This makes the singularity of seepage points eliminated and the location of seepage points determined easily. Compared to other variational formulations, the proposed formulation can effectively overcome the mesh dependency and significantly improve the numerical stability. A very challenging engineering example with complicated geometry and strong inhomogeneity is investigated in detail. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploiting the Self-Attention Mechanism in Gas Sensor Array (GSA) Data With Neural Networks

Gas sensor array (GSA) data is a sequential series of values that represents the temporal conditions of the existence/absence/mixture of gases and exhibits similarities to the textual stream of natural languages that represents semantic information. We speculate and subsequently prove that there also exist self-attention mechanisms in GSA data that can be exploited for gas classification and recognition. We first convert GSA data into a 1-D token series (called WORDs in this work) through sampling and quantization of the sensor values and then use an enhanced long short-term memory (LSTM) revision network, called LSTM-attention, to extract the self-attention mechanism in the GSA data. We demonstrate that LSTM-attention achieves a much better performance (99.6%) than CNN-based networks as well as other GSA data process techniques on UCI dynamic gases dataset. We also find out that the self-attention mechanism varies with different sampling and quantization levels during data acquisition.
Boundary layer separation of hydromagnetic flows

The influence of the magnetic field on the boundary layer separation of a two‐dimensional incompressible flow of a conducting fluid subject to a non‐slip boundary condition is studied. It is found that the key factor differentiating this phenomenon from the hydrodynamic case is the angular velocity of the magnetic field at the boundary wall. The general equation governing the start of separation is illustrated by a class of flows generalizing the classical Hartmann one, where the physical meaning of the different terms is very clear.
Bilipschitz Invariance of the Multiplicity

A famous problem of Zariski, stated in 1971 [21], is to decide whether the classical algebro‐geometric multiplicity mo(f) of a complex hypersurface f−1(0) at an isolated singularity O is an invariant of the topological type of the embedded germ. That is, if f: Cn, O → C, 0 and g: Cn, O → C, 0 are two germs of polynomial functions, and there is a homeomorphism φ defined between two open neighbourhoods U and V of O in Cn such that φ(U) = V, φ(U ∩ f−1(0)) = V ∩ g−1(0) and φ(O) = O, then is it always the case that mo(f) = mo(g)? Here the multiplicity mo(f) is defined to be the intersection number of f−1(0) with a generic complex line L passing through O in Cn, that is, the number of points of intersection of f−1(0) with a line which is an arbitrarily small perturbation of L. If f is reduced, then mo(f) is equal to the order of the polynomial f(z) at O. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 32S15.
Overnight Corticosterone and Gene Expression in Mouse Hippocampus: Time Course during Resting Period

The aim of the experiment was to test the effect of an elevated level of glucocorticoids on the mouse hippocampal transcriptome after 12 h of treatment with corticosterone that was administered during an active phase of the circadian cycle. Additionally, we also tested the circadian changes in gene expression and the decay time of transcriptomic response to corticosterone. Gene expression was analyzed using microarrays. Obtained results show that transcriptomic responses to glucocorticoids are heterogeneous in terms of the decay time with some genes displaying persistent changes in expression during 9 h of rest. We have also found a considerable overlap between genes regulated by corticosterone and genes implicated previously in stress response. The examples of such genes are Acer2, Agt, Apod, Aqp4, Etnppl, Fabp7, Fam107a, Fjx1, Fmo2, Galnt15, Gjc2, Heph, Hes5, Htra1, Jdp2, Kif5a, Lfng, Lrg1, Mgp, Mt1, Pglyrp1, Pla2g3, Plin4, Pllp, Ptgds, Ptn, Slc2a1, Slco1c1, Sult1a1, Thbd and Txnip. This indicates that the applied model is a useful tool for the investigation of mechanisms underlying the stress response.
A Dynamic Theory of Piston-Ring Lubrication : 1st Report, Calculation

Near the T.D.C. of the expansion stroke of the engine, the piston-ring speed is 0 and its load and temperature reach a maximum. If it were based ob the steady-flowhydrodynamics, the oil film between the ring and the cylinder would have to be broken down. In practice, however, the fluid-film lubrication is achieved in the high speed region. These phenomena can be explained by a dynamical theory of the hydrodynamics, the piston-ring speed and load vary so extremely that the oil-film thickness changes rapidly, and this rate of change in the oil-film thickness generates a load carrying capacity by the squeeze action. This paper introduces the equations of the above-mentioned theory, and some calculations are carried out for a ring, the surface profile of which consists of the quadratic and the parallel line.
Quadratic L2-gain performance linear parameter-varying realisation of parametric transfer functions and state-feedback gain scheduling control

The study deals with the quadratic L2-gain performance linear parameter-varying realisation of parametric transfer functions and state-feedback gain scheduling control. It is shown that any parametric transfer function, which has L2-gain performance with a bound for all constant parameters values, admits a state space realisation guaranteeing quadratic L2-gain performance with the bound under arbitrary parameter variations. A reasonably general procedure is provided to find such a realisation with linear matrix inequality optimal technique. Furthermore, according to the realisation, the state-feedback gain scheduling control design is also dealt with. Finally, a simple numerical example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Comparison of Inflation and Ventilation with Hydrogen Sulfide during the Warm Ischemia Phase on Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Model of Non-Heart-Beating Donor Lung Transplantation

Donor lung ventilation and inflation during the warm ischemia could attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) after lung transplantation. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as a kind of protective gas, has demonstrated the antilung IRI effect. This study is aimed at observing the different methods of administering H2S in the setting of warm ischemia, ventilation, and inflation on the lung graft from a rat non-heart-beating donor. After 1 h of cardiac arrest, donor lungs in situ were inflated with 80 ppm H2S (FS group), ventilated with 80 ppm H2S (VS group), or deflated (control group) for 2 h. Then, the lung transplantation was performed after 3 h cold ischemia. The rats without ischemia and reperfusion were in the sham group. Pulmonary surfactant in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was measured in donor lung. The inflammatory response, cell apoptosis, and lung graft function were assessed at 3 h after reperfusion. The lung injury was exacerbated in the control group, which was attenuated significantly after the H2S treatment. Compared with the FS group, the pulmonary surfactant in the donor was deteriorated, the lung oxygenation function was decreased, and the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis were increased in the graft in the VS group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, H2S inflation during the warm ischemia phase improved the function of lung graft via regulating pulmonary surfactant stability and decreased the lung graft IRI via decreasing the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis.
Fundamentals of matrix computations

Preface. Acknowledgments. 1 Gaussian Elimination and Its Variants. 1.1 Matrix Multiplication. 1.2 Systems of Linear Equations. 1.3 Triangular Systems. 1.4 Positive Definite Systems Cholesky Decomposition. 1.5 Banded Positive Definite Systems. 1.6 Sparse Positive Definite Systems. 1.7 Gaussian Elimination and the LU Decomposition. 1.8 Gaussain Elimination and Pivoting. 1.9 Sparse Gaussian Elimination. 2 Sensitivity of Linear Systems. 2.1 Vector and Matrix Norms. 2.2 Condition Numbers. 2.3 Perturbing the Coefficient Matrix. 2.4 A Posteriori Error Analysis Using the Residual. 2.5 Roundoff Errors Backward Stability. 2.6 Propagation of Roundoff Errors. 2.7 Backward Error Analysis of Gaussian Elimination. 2.8 Scaling. 2.9 Componentwise Sensitivity Analysis. 3 The Least Squares Problem. 3.1 The Discrete Square Problem. 3.2 Orthogonal Matrices, Rotators and Reflectors. 3.3 Solution of the Least Squares Problem. 3.4 The Gram-Schmidt Process. 3.5 Geometric Approach. 3.6 Updating the QR Decomposition. 4 The Singular Value Decomposition. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Some Basic Applications of Singular Values. 4.3 The SVD and the Least Squares Problem. 4.4 Sensitivity of the Least Squares Problem. 5 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors I. 5.1 Systems of Differential Equations. 5.2 Basic Facts. 5.3 The Power Method and Some Simple Extensions. 5.4 Similarity Transforms. 5.5 Reduction to Hessenberg and Tridiagonal Forms. 5.6 Francis's Algorithm. 5.7 Use of Francis's Algorithm to Calculate Eigenvectors. 5.8 The SVD Revisted. 6 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors II. 6.1 Eigenspaces and Invariant Subspaces. 6.2 Subspace Iteration and Simultaneous Iteration. 6.3 Krylov Subspaces and Francis's Algorithm. 6.4 Large Sparse Eigenvalue Problems. 6.5 Implicit Restarts. 6.6 The Jacobi-Davidson and Related Algorithms. 7 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors III. 7.1 Sensitivity of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. 7.2 Methods for the Symmetric Eigenvalue Problem. 7.3 Product Eigenvalue Problems. 7.4 The Generalized Eigenvalue Problem. 8 Iterative Methods for Linear Systems. 8.1 A Model Problem. 8.2 The Classical Iterative Methods. 8.3 Convergence of Iterative Methods. 8.4 Descent Methods Steepest Descent. 8.5 On Stopping Criteria. 8.6 Preconditioners. 8.7 The Conjugate-Gradient Method. 8.8 Derivation of the CG Algorithm. 8.9 Convergence of the CG Algorithm. 8.10 Indefinite and Nonsymmetric Problems. References. Index. Index of MATLAB Terms.