Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Mash-In Temperature on the Characteristics and Flavor Stability of Pilsner-Type Beer

Abstract Beers were brewed at mash-in temperatures of 35 °C, 50 °C, and 65 °C, and their flavor profiles and stability were examined. Beers with mash-ins at 35 °C and 50 °C exhibited full-bodied taste and estery sensory qualities with higher concentrations of esters and amino acids. Higher extract yields were obtained in wort with mash-ins at 35 °C and 50 °C, the optimal temperatures for enzymes to break down the tissue where starch granules are located. In contrast, the beer with a 65 °C mash-in temperature had a light taste and a toast-like aroma. In terms of providing nutrition for the yeast, the proteolytic process to produce amino acids seemed unnecessary for brewing beer made exclusively from malt. Following a month of storage at 30 °C, cardboard flavors predominated in beers with mash-in temperatures of 35 °C and 50 °C, while honey and sherry-like scents predominated in beers with a mash-in temperature of 65 °C. The concentrations of the 14 components contributing to the stale flavor of Pilsner-type beers, including Strecker aldehydes, did not correlate with mash-in temperature, with the exception of the concentration of (E)-2-nonenal, even though the mash-in temperatures were predicted to affect the formation of Strecker aldehydes during beer storage.
Arctic Sea Ice Loss Weakens Northern Hemisphere Summertime Storminess but Not Until the Late 21st Century

Observations show Arctic sea ice has declined and midlatitude storminess has weakened during Northern Hemisphere (NH) summertime. It is currently unclear whether Arctic sea ice loss impacts summertime storminess because most previous work focuses on other seasons. Here we quantify the impact of Arctic sea ice loss on NH summertime storminess using equilibrium and transient climate model simulations. The equilibrium simulations show mid‐to‐late 21st century Arctic sea ice loss weakens summertime storminess, but only in the presence of ocean coupling. With ocean coupling, the equator‐to‐pole temperature and atmospheric energy gradients significantly weaken due to increased surface turbulent flux in the polar region following Arctic sea ice loss. The transient simulations show Arctic sea ice loss does not significantly weaken summertime storminess until the late 21st century. Furthermore, Arctic Amplification, which is dominated by Arctic sea ice loss in the present day, does not significantly impact the present‐day weakening of summertime storminess.
Role of High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein Levels in Predicting the Risk of Six-Month Event Rates in Patients With Chronic Stable Angina Undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty With a Drug-Eluting Stent

Introduction This prospective observational study reports the association between baseline high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and adverse events at six months in patients who were diagnosed with symptomatic chronic stable angina and then underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with a drug-eluting stent (DES). Methods A total of 104 patients were examined with chronic stable angina over a period of six months. Before conducting percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the baseline levels of hs-CRP were measured, and based on the levels, the patients were grouped into high and low hs-CRP groups. Results The primary causes of death or the need for repeat revascularization or myocardial infarction or angina were concluded after assessing the patients for six months. A total of 104 patients were studied, among which 72 (69.23%) had low hs-CRP and 32 (30.77%) had high hs-CRP levels. The number of males in this study was 68 (65.38%) and females were 36 (34.62%). The mean age of the patients was 55.26 ± 10.31 years. There were no significant differences among the groups in terms of gender, age, comorbidities, and risk factors except for certain predisposing factors like dyslipidemia and smoking. Moreover, we did not find any significant difference among the groups in the cause of death and myocardial infarction after a follow-up of six months. However, we observed a higher need for revascularization and angina outcomes in the group with high hs-CRP compared to low hs-CRP. Conclusion It can be concluded that a higher risk of angina and repeat revascularization is related to a high baseline hs-CRP but there is no evidence whether it is somehow linked to myocardial infarction and mortality or not.
Characterization of fungi isolated from cattle dung with potential lignocellulolytic activities

Agricultural wastes not only serve as sources of environmental pollutions, but also serve as magnificent source of plant nutrients and natural repositories of bio-tools especially fungi of industrial interest for lignocellulolytic enzymes production. However, residues management particularly in rice–wheat system is a tedious phenomenon due to narrow gap between harvesting and sowing of these two crops. Hence, microbial intervention is one of the key options that may use successfully for their management. Thus, cellulolytic fungi were isolated from the cattle dung collected from various locations for cellulose manufacturing. The cellulolytic property of fungal isolates was confirmed by plate screening assay based on yellow zone formation surrounding of fungal culture on Congo red agar medium plate owing to production of cellulase enzyme. The colony diameter, clear zone diameter and cellulolytic index showing in descending order of CRD3, CRD5, CRD6 and CRD10 isolates, but –glucosidase activity was greater in CRD3 and CRD5 while, the lowest was in CRD9. However, isolates CRD7, CRD8 and CRD10 exhibited greater biochemical and enzymatic activity than rest of the promising fungal isolates. Similarly, isolates CRD1 and CRD2 utilized most of carbon sources as carbon substrate, but CRD7, CRD8 and CRD10 could not utilized mannitol and cellulose as carbon substrate. Overall, isolate CRD10 showed as a promising isolate in respect of biochemical, carbon utilization pattern and enzymatic activity than rest of the promising isolates.
The Role of Liposomal Bupivacaine in Multimodal Pain Management Following Posterior Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Study Design. Retrospective controlled cohort. Objective. To evaluate the effect of intraoperative liposomal bupivacaine (LB) infiltration on postsurgical pain management in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients by analyzing postoperative opioid consumption, ambulation, and length of stay (LOS). Summary of Background Data. Optimal postoperative pain control for AIS patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) is challenging. Multimodal pain management protocols provide adequate analgesia while decreasing opioid consumption. LB was recently approved for pediatric patients; however, use in AIS patients is understudied. Methods. 119 consecutive patients with AIS who underwent PSF were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups: patients who received LB as erector spinae block in addition to the standard postoperative pain management protocol (Group A), and patients who received only the standard postoperative pain protocol (Group B). Oral morphine equivalents, intravenous opioid and valium consumption, pain scores (VAS), nausea/vomiting, ambulation distance and LOS were assessed. Results. Group A experienced significantly lower total opioid consumption compared to Group B (44.5 mg vs. 70.2 mg). Morphine use was lower in Group A on postoperative day (POD) 0, and oxycodone use was lower in Group A on PODs 1 and 2. There was a higher proportion of patients who used only oral opioids in Group A (81% vs. 41%). Of patients requiring any intravenous opioids, 79% did not receive LB. A significantly higher proportion of LB patients were discharged on POD 2 (55% vs. 27%); therefore, LOS was shorter for Group A. Group A ambulated further postoperatively. There were no differences in pain scores, valium requirements or nausea/vomiting. Conclusions. LB was associated with decreased total opioid use, shorter LOS, and improved ambulation in AIS patients undergoing PSF. Including LB in multimodal pain management protocols proved effective in reducing opioid use while increasing mobilization in the immediate postoperative period. Level of Evidence. 3.
The interplay of servant leadership behaviors and Machiavellianism on perceived leader effectiveness: the role of team conflict management

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the influence of the interplay between servant leadership behaviors and Machiavellianism on leader effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on trait activation theory and motivation to lead theory, the authors hypothesize that the effect of servant leadership behaviors on perceived leadership effectiveness is manifested differently in teams with high-Machiavellian vs. low-Machiavellian leaders. In teams with low-Machiavellian leaders, servant leadership behaviors are expected to be associated with a cooperative way of handling team conflicts, which enhances employees' leader effectiveness ratings. In contrast, in teams with high-Machiavellian leaders, this mediation role vanishes due to the incongruency between Machiavellian traits and the cooperative context. The authors conducted a two-wave survey-based study and tested the hypotheses with a matched supervisor-employee sample from 310 employees and their leaders in 91 teams.FindingsThe results showed that servant leadership behaviors positively impact leadership effectiveness and that this effect takes place through cooperative team conflict management (TCM) without controlling for leaders' Machiavellian trait. Further analysis shows this mediation mechanism is only strong and significant in teams led by low-Machiavellian leaders, but not high-Machiavellian leaders.Originality/valueTo the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first study that examines the interplay of servant leadership behaviors and Machiavellianism on perceived leader effectiveness.
Dialect competence, dialect attitude and social inclusion: A case study of migrants in Chongqing, China

ABSTRACT Adopting methods of the questionnaire, matched-guise test and semi-structured interview among different occupational groups of migrants in Chongqing, China, the present study investigates the correlation between dialect competence, dialect attitude and social inclusion. The results show that entrepreneur migrants have the highest dialect competence, followed by labor migrants and intellectual migrants. All the migrants’ attitude toward Mandarin Chinese, mainly reflected in the “emotional cognitive” and “social evaluation” dimensions, is significantly more positive than that toward Chongqing dialect. In terms of social inclusion, the entrepreneur migrants rank highest, followed by intellectual migrants and labor migrants. Statistics indicate that there is a significant correlation between migrants’ social inclusion and their dialect competence and attitude (in particular, the “emotional cognitive” dimension of their dialect attitude plays an important role in affecting their social inclusion). In addition, the semi-structured interview reveals that the migrants’ language environment of working and living is a crucial factor affecting their dialect competence, dialect attitude, and hence their social inclusion. Based on the results, this paper provides suggestions on how to improve migrants’ social inclusion from a language planning perspective.
The Application of Delone and Mclean Framework to Analyze the Relationship Between Customer Satisfaction and User Experience of Mobile Application

This study aims to determine how much user satisfaction is based on the influence of the user experience of e-commerce applications using the modified DeLone & McLean model by adding perceived utilitarian and perceived hedonic variables as the main dimensions representing the IT user experience. The population of this research is users of e-commerce applications as buyers using the purposive sampling technique. While data analysis uses the PLS-SEM approach with the help of SmartPLS. The study's findings show that while perceived utilitarianism and service quality have little bearing on user satisfaction, perceived hedonistic behavior, system quality, and information quality do. Three of the many hypotheses that were put forth and rejected were: the influence of service quality on user contentment and use, and the influence of perceived utilitarianism on user satisfaction.
History and physical significance of the roughness Froude number

ABSTRACT The roughness Froude number is a relatively new dimensionless parameter that began appearing in the hydraulic engineering literature in the late 1970s, first for the analysis of aeration inception in smooth chutes, and then later in connection with stepped chutes. This article reviews its foundations, historical development, alternative forms, present-day applications, and physical significance, which has received little attention previously. In addition to its empirically demonstrated connection to aeration inception, this paper shows that one form of a roughness Froude number has a strong relation to the transition between nappe and skimming flow regimes of stepped chutes, while another combines the dimensionless flow friction factor and the relative submergence of roughness elements.
Comments on “The Need to Represent Raindrop Size Spectra as Normalized Gamma Distributions for the Interpretation of Polarization Radar Observations”

Illingworth and Blackman (2002), henceforth referred to as IB02, cast doubt on the use of the so-called Ulbrich (1983) drop size distribution (DSD) range, implying that past polarimetric work over the last decade by a number of research groups who used this DSD range needs to be reexamined. This is a serious criticism of past work that we shall shortly address. Further, IB02 offer the following provocative conclusions:
Metabolic and vascular effect of a new standardized bergamot phytocomplex: a three-arm, placebocontrolled, double-blind clinical trial

Introduction In addition to healthy lifestyle and balanced diet, nutraceutical supplementation may be useful to maintain overall metabolic wellness. The aim of the present study was to assess the metabolic and vascular effects of a new, highly standardized bergamot phytocomplex supplement in healthy volunteers with the features of metabolic syndrome. Material and methods We carried out a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group clinical trial in 90 adult subjects (30 per group) treated for 12 weeks with two different dosages of a highly standardized bergamot phytocomplex (Endoberg by AKHYNEX and Kalita by Giellepi) or placebo. Lipid plasma levels, glycemia, plasma hs-CRP, HOMA-IR, body fat, endothelial reactivity and fatty liver index were assessed at baseline, after 6 weeks and at the end of treatment in all subjects. Results At the end of treatment, both tested bergamot extract doses were able to significantly improve atherogenic dyslipidemia and insulin sensitivity (p < 0.05) compared to placebo. In the high-dose treated group, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) improved versus placebo (p < 0.05) just after 6 weeks of treatment. After 12 weeks of treatment, TC decreased by 13.2 ±2.1%, LDL-C by 17.7 ±3.2%, non-HDL-C by 17.5 ±3.1%, TG by 16.6 ±3.3%, TG/HDL-C by 22.5 ±4.4%, homeostasis insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) by 12.2 ±2.1%, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) by 22.2 ±4.6%, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) by 17.9 ±3.4% versus baseline (p < 0.05) and vs. placebo (p < 0.05). Percentage body fat and endothelial reactivity improved versus baseline, but not versus placebo, in the high-dose treatment only (p < 0.05). Conclusions The tested bergamot phytocomplex was able to significantly improve glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as inflammation, and might represent a novel multi-target approach to control metabolic syndrome.
Teclistamab Monotherapy for the Treatment of Adult Patients with Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Several new drugs and regimens have greatly improved outcomes in multiple myeloma, but the rapid emergence of new targets and immune-based modalities has added significant complexity to the management of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Teclistamab is a T cell-redirecting anti-CD3 × anti-B cell maturation antigen bispecific antibody recently approved as monotherapy against RRMM. The drug is now the fourth B cell maturation antigen-targeting agent commercially used in RRMM and the third different drug class and mechanism of action doing so. Although approved as a single agent in relapsed and refractory disease, preclinical and clinical evidence has supported teclistamab-based regimens for use in earlier lines or in combination strategies. The identification of novel suitable cell-surface targets in multiple myeloma and the promising efficacy seen in early-phase studies represent additional innovations to the treatment paradigms for RRMM.
Electro-Mechanical Characteristics of Dual-Winding Motor According to Winding Arrangement for Brake Systems in Highly Automated Driving Vehicles

Manufactures of automotive parts are struggling to secure redundancy in various ways. An alternative is to configure the system via a dual-winding motor and two electronic control units (ECUs). The dual-winding motor contains different winding arrangements according to poles/slots, and when only one of the two circuits is used owing to a failure, the electrical and mechanical characteristics differ depending on the winding arrangement. In this study, the electrical and mechanical characteristics were analyzed and compared according to the winding arrangement when the failure occurs. In particular, the winding arrangement of the motor is divided into line symmetry, point symmetry, and alternating symmetry. For each winding arrangement, the back-electromotive force, torque, and torque ripple were compared and analyzed through simulation and test. Also, vibration caused by electromagnetic force was analyzed. Here, to consider the tooth modulation effect, concentrated force was investigated and tangential force as well as radial force were considered. Additionally, the thermal characteristics were analyzed during fault operation using a lumped parameter thermal network with piecewise stator-housing modules. Lastly, the mechanical design characteristics of the motor hardware size that need to be changed according to the winding arrangement of the brake motor are explained. This study provides guidelines for the winding arrangement selection of a dual-winding motor with a similar magnetic field distribution suitable for the design purpose, by analyzing the electromechanical characteristics and size according to the winding arrangement during fault operation. The characteristics of other motor types or pole and slot number combinations can also be inferred from the results of this study, since the magnetic flux density distribution will be determined with line, point and alternating symmetry.
Cultural values and prospective teachers’ beliefs about success in mathematics and in its teaching

International literature is increasingly disclosing the relevance of cultural aspects within the processes of teaching and learning mathematics. Knowledge is inextricably linked to the activities in which the subjects engage, and must be considered in relation to the socio-cultural context wherein the activity takes place. Literature reveals the relationship between the background culture (e.g. language, nationality, etc.) of prospective elementary teachers and their beliefs about mathematics and its teaching. In this paper, we define culture with reference to the wider discussion from cross-cultural psychology literature about cultural values, and we investigate if and how differences in individuals’ cultural values are related to prospective teachers’ beliefs about being successful in mathematics and in its teaching. We adopt a questionnaire from the studies by Schwartz to measure participants’ values. We assign each prospective teacher of our sample to a cluster of beliefs and we analyse how the beliefs of prospective teachers are related to their values. Results show that cultural values and beliefs about mathematics are related, while this is not the case for beliefs about the teaching of this subject.
Links between surface magnetic fields, abundances, and surface rotation in clusters and in the field

Abstract Theory predicts that hydrodynamical instabilities transport angular momentum and chemical elements in rotating massive stars. An interplay of rotation and a magnetic field affects these transport processes. The complexity of the problem imposes that a comprehensive description cannot be developed on theoretical grounds alone, progress in the understanding of the evolution of massive stars has to be guided by observations. The challenge lies both in the derivation of accurate and precise observational constraints as well as in the extraction of the relevant information for identifying possible correlations – like between surface magnetic fields, abundances, and surface rotation – from a multivariate function of the many parameters involved. I review the most important steps recently made based on detailed studies of massive stars both in the field and in clusters towards finding such links that ultimately may guide the further development of the models.
Pyramidal Central Configurations for Spatial 5-Body Problems

In this paper,classifications are studied for all pyramidal central configurations with a regular trapezoid base.In fact,there are two such central configurations that the base is a regular trapezoid.From the results it is easy to obtain the classfications of pyramidal central configurations with rectangular base.
The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection: A Hierarchical Expansion

Alleles, individuals, and species are all examples of entities possessing variation in the properties that underlie natural selection: branching (reproduction), persistence (survivorship), and heritability of characters. This suggests that the logic embodied in the theory of natural selection can be abstracted from its usual application to the level of individuals to encompass selection operating among any biological entities for which these essential properties can be meaningfully defined. This approach leads to a unified perspective of adaptation, selection, and fitness at all levels. Expanded versions of the Price covariance selection equations provide a convenient and useful conceptual vehicle for this discussion. The advantages of a hierarchical approach are twofold: it permits exploration of concepts and ideas across levels by analogy, and it focuses attention upon the mechanisms that account for different evolutionary dynamics at each level rather than obscuring these biologically unique properties with argument by extension from a single “special” level. We point out that the choice of a single measure of evolutionary change restricts the context in which “other level” processes will be perceived. We illustrate the limited forms in which higher and lower level selection can be recognized from the unique perspective provided by any given level through extensions of Price's formula. An exploration of the implications of such an approach leads us to the assertion that the development of a unified theory of evolution demands the recognition and incorporation of hierarchical structure as a conceptual foundation.