Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiments on particle—turbulence interactions in the near–wall region of an open channel flow: implications for sediment transport

A high-speed video system was used to study the interaction between sediment particles and turbulence in the wall region of an open channel flow with both smooth and transitionally rough beds. In smooth flows, particles immersed within the viscous sublayer were seen to accumulate along low-speed wall streaks; apparently due to the presence of quasi-streamwise vortices in the wall region. Larger particles did not tend to group along streaks, however their velocity was observed to respond to the streaky structure of the flow velocity in the wall region. In transitionally rough flows particle sorting was not observed. Coherent flow structures in the form of shear layers typically observed in the near-wall region interacted with sediment particles lying on the channel bottom, resulting in the particles being entrained into suspension. Although there has been some speculation that this process would not be effective in entraining particles totally immersed in the viscous sublayer, the results obtained demonstrate the opposite. The entrainment mechanism appears to be the same independent of the roughness condition of the bottom wall, smooth or transitionally rough. In the latter case, however, hiding effects tend to preclude the entrainment of particles with sizes finer than that of the roughness elements. The analysis of particle velocity during entrainment shows that the streamwise component tends to be much smaller than the local mean flow velocity, while the vertical component tends to be much larger than the local standard deviation of the vertical flow velocity fluctuations, which would indicate that such particles are responding to rather extreme flow ejection events.
Sarcoma Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU): Predictive Relevance of Common Sepsis and Performance Parameters

Purpose Prognosis of sarcoma patients is improving, with a better understanding of sarcomagenesis revealing novel therapeutic targets. However, aggressive chemotherapy remains an essential part of treatment, bearing the risk of severe side effects that require intensive medical treatment. Available data on the characteristics and clinical outcome of sarcoma patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) are sparse. Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of sarcoma patients admitted to the ICU from 2005 to 2022. Patients ≥18 years with histologically proven sarcoma were included in our study. Results Sixty-six patients were eligible for analysis. The following characteristics had significant impact on overall survival: sex (p=0.046), tumour localization (p=0.02), therapeutic intention (p=0.02), line of chemotherapy (p<0.001), SAPS II score (p=0.03) and SOFA score (p=0.02). Conclusion Our study confirms the predictive relevance of established sepsis and performance scores in sarcoma patients. For overall survival, common clinical characteristics are also of significant value. Further investigation is needed to optimize ICU treatment of sarcoma patients.
TEMPERATURES AND TURBULENCE AT TROPOPAUSE LEVELS OVER HURRICANE BEULAH (1967)

Abstract Horizontal and vertical temperature variations along with true gust velocity measurements of atmospheric turbulence were obtained above hurricane Beulah (1967) by an instrumented U–2. The U–2 flight was part of the U.S. Air Force High Altitude Clear Air Turbulence program. Pertinent findings include: (1) location of the tropopause just above the cloud tops at 54,000 ft (100 mb) with a temperature of −86°C, 12°C lower than the mean; (2) a vertical temperature rise of 11°C in a few hundred feet just above the tropopause; (3) horizontal temperature changes up to 7°C and smooth flight conditions in the stable layer above the cloud tops; and (4) small temperature fluctuations and generally turbulent conditions at cloud top level. Aircraft measured winds, although questionable as to their exact directions and speeds, indicated that the flow was weak and anticyclonic near Beulah's top, becoming increasingly anticyclonic above.
Real-Life Comparison of Fosfomycin to Nitrofurantoin for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Lower Urinary Tract Infection in Women

In this study, we compared the failure rates of fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin for uncomplicated urinary tract infections. We used Meuhedet Health Services’ large database to collect data on all female patients, older than 18 years, who were prescribed either antibiotic during 2013–2018. Treatment failure was a composite endpoint of hospitalization, emergency-room visit, IV antibiotic treatment, or prescription of a different antibiotic, within seven days of the initial prescription. Reinfection was considered when one of these endpoints appeared 8–30 days following the initial prescription. We found 33,759 eligible patients. Treatment failure was more common in the fosfomycin group than the nitrofurantoin group (8.16% vs. 6.87%, p-value < 0.0001). However, reinfection rates were higher among patients who received nitrofurantoin (9.21% vs. 7.76%, p-value < 0.001). Among patients younger than 40 years, patients treated with nitrofurantoin had more reinfections (8.68% vs. 7.47%, p value = 0.024). Treatment failure rates were mildly higher in patients treated with fosfomycin, despite having less reinfections. We suggest that this effect is related to a shorter duration of treatment (one vs. five days) and encourage clinicians to be more patient before declaring fosfomycin failure and prescribing another antibiotic.
Directionality and intervention in nominal concord: Evidence from Zazakiezafe

Is nominal concord established in the syntax by Agree, the same feature copying mechanism that derives subject-predicate agreement, or postsyntactically by some other operation at PF (Mallen 1997, Carstens 2000, Baker 2008, Kramer 2009, Norris 2011)? Using our own fieldwork data, we investigatezafein Zazaki (Northwest Iranian, Indo-European) — a morpheme that occurs on dependents of the noun — whose form varies in number, gender, and case. We argue that this concord employs a mechanism with the properties of Agree, as restrictions on nominal concord in Zazaki echo restrictions on verbal agreement. It is sensitive to defective intervention and φ-agreement is blocked with obliques. In addition, since Zazaki ezafeis sensitive to the syntactic features of material above and below it, we present an analysis that exploits the idea that Agree may operate both upward and downward (Nichols 1985, Adger 2003, Baker 2008), with a preference for the latter. As such, our proposal has repercussions for the analysis of concord and the formulation of Agree. The ezafe morpheme. In many Iranian languages, dependents of the noun — adjectives and oblique arguments (e.g. possessors) — are introduced by the ezaf morpheme (Samiian 1983, a.o.). While, in Zazaki,ezafeforms a constituent with the adjective (1a) or the possessor (1b), it cliticizes to the left (data not shown). Its formalwaysvaries with theφ-features (gender and number) of the head noun — (1a) vs. (2a) and (1b) vs. (2b).
Tourism sustainable competitiveness indicator for ASEAN bloc: A random forest approach

This study aims to reveal the tourism performance among ASEAN countries by creating a tourism sustainable competitiveness indicator (TSCI). This study introduces an ensemble random forest approach in developing an integrative framework that incorporates tourism, sustainability and competitiveness. It demonstrates the management of multi-faceted tourism development with the constructed indicator. Six main enablers have been identified for TSCI indicator, including policy and regulatory environment, environmental sustainability, socio-cultural sustainability, economic sustainability, infrastructure, and intellectual capital and innovation. As a benchmarking tool for policymakers, organisations, and tourism-related authorities in the implementation of policies and business or marketing strategic planning, the sustainable competitiveness indicator for tourism identified the factors that affect the sustainability and competitiveness of tourism. This indicator enhances the tourism value chains in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) bloc, as well as it offers significant assistance to the ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan of 2025. Especially in the context of regionalization, which proceeds along the same trajectory as tourism, it is becoming increasingly significant in building areas of cooperation in the connected Southeast Asian region. Thus, measuring the performance level of the tourism economy is a critical agenda that is worthy of receiving concern as a means of accomplishing sustainable development goals (SDGs).
Fluid Friction between Rotating Cylinders. I. Torque Measurements

The stability of fluid contained between concentric rotating cylinders has been investigated and it has been shown that, when only the inner cylinder rotates, the flow becomes unstable when a certain Reynolds number of the flow is exceeded. When the outer cylinder only is rotated, the flow is stable so far as disturbances of the type produced in the former case are concerned, but provided the Reynolds number of the flow exceeds a certain value, turbulence sets in. The object of the present experiments was partly to measure the torque reaction between two cylinders in the two cases in order to find the effect of centrifugal force on the turbulence, and partly to find the critical Reynolds numbers for the transition from stream-line to turbulent flow. The apparatus is shown diagrammatically in fig. 1.
A hereditary property in locally convex spaces

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Natural hydrogen potential and basaltic alteration in the Asal–Ghoubbet rift, Republic of Djibouti.

The Asal–Ghoubbet active rift in the Republic of Djibouti is a site of interest for geothermal energy and natural hydrogen, and previous studies have indicated that dihydrogen (H2) emanates from this rift. However, the well-known serpentinization reaction does not appear to be the main mechanism generating H2 at this site. Rather, the H2 is generated as follows: (1) by alteration of basaltic lava at depth via reaction with seawater flowing from Ghoubbet Bay towards Lake Asal; (2) by simple degassing of the volcanic chamber located a few kilometers below the Fiale Caldera in the rift axis; or (3) as a result of pyritization processes via the oxidation of H2S. Analysis of microorganisms did not indicate any production or consumption of H2, CO2, or CH4; therefore, it is unlikely that microorganisms affected H2 gas contents measured at the surface. However, air contamination at fumaroles is typically considerable and may limit interpretation of such processes. Drill cuttings from the Fiale 1 (F1) and Gale le Goma 1 (Glc1) wells (located on the inner and outer rift margins, respectively) were analyzed to determine where H2 is generated. Total rock analyses indicated distinct zones at depths of 464 m and 280 m for F1 and Glc1, respectively, representing the boundary between the Asal and Stratoïd Basalts. 57Fe Mössbauer analyses show a decrease in the percentage of Fe3+ at depth, indicating that Fe2+-rich material, particularly in the Stratoïd Basalts, may be a source of H2. Based on well data from the rift center and the outer rift margin, it is evident that H2 is present at the surface in the rift axis and that this area offers good remnant potential because of the presence of Fe-rich chlorite. Conversely, few H2 emissions were measured at the surface on the outer rift margins, although well data showed some H2 (~0.25%) at depth. The presence of a cap rock in the rift axis has not yet been proven; however, the high loss on ignition and the mineralogy in well Glc1 may indicate that the rocks are sufficiently altered to offer potential as a seal. If so, the rift margins would offer greater exploration potential than the rift center.
Development and Application of a Dissolution-Transfer-Partitioning System (DTPS) for Biopharmaceutical Drug Characterization

A variety of in vitro dissolution and gastrointestinal transfer models have been developed aiming to predict drug supersaturation and precipitation. Further, biphasic, one-vessel in vitro systems are increasingly applied to simulate drug absorption in vitro. However, to date, there is a lack of combining the two approaches. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to develop a dissolution-transfer-partitioning system (DTPS) and, secondly, to assess its biopredictive power. In the DTPS, simulated gastric and intestinal dissolution vessels are connected via a peristaltic pump. An organic layer is added on top of the intestinal phase, serving as an absorptive compartment. The predictive power of the novel DTPS was assessed to a classical USP II transfer model using a BCS class II weak base with poor aqueous solubility, MSC-A. The classical USP II transfer model overestimated simulated intestinal drug precipitation, especially at higher doses. By applying the DTPS, a clearly improved estimation of drug supersaturation and precipitation and an accurate prediction of the in vivo dose linearity of MSC-A were observed. The DTPS provides a useful tool taking both dissolution and absorption into account. This advanced in vitro tool offers the advantage of streamlining the development process of challenging compounds.
Mechanical and Gas Barrier Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid) Modified by Blending with Poly(Butylene 2,5-Furandicarboxylate): Based on Molecular Dynamics

Three blends of Poly(butylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PBF) and Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends were modeled using molecular dynamics simulations, with PBF contents of 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. The study investigated the compatibilities of the blends, as well as the mechanical and gas barrier properties of the composite systems. The molecular dynamics simulation results show that: (1) PLA and PBF have good compatibility in the blend system; (2) the optimal toughness modification was achieved with a 20% PBF content, resulting in a 17.3% increase in toughness compared to pure PLA; (3) the barrier properties of the blend for O2, CO2, and N2 increased when increasing the PBF content. Compared to pure PLA, the diffusion coefficients of the O2, CO2, and N2 of the blends with 30% PBF decreased by 75%, 122%, and 188%, respectively. Our simulation results are in good agreement with the actual experimental results.
An empirical study to evaluate the student competency of vocational education

The low work readiness of vocational education (VE) graduates is caused by a mismatch of competencies with job demands. The unemployment rate for VE graduates is increasing due to low competency mastery and job absorption. The purpose of this study is to determine the competency needs of architectural engineering graduates according to the current demand for the construction industry. The research sample consisted of 193 respondents consisting of VE teachers and practitioners from the construction industry in Indonesia. The Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) analysis is used for the evaluation of the structural models of architectural engineering competency demands. The results of the analysis test using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) show that the construct validity of the evaluation model is in a good category. The evaluation model testing met the statistical criteria of goodness of fit. The model substantially explains 89.75% of the various competencies that must be mastered by architectural engineering graduates and suitable for use in Indonesia and other countries.
State-of-the-Art Room Temperature Operable Zero-Bias Schottky Diode-Based Terahertz Detector Up to 5.56 THz

We present the characterization of a Zero-bias Schottky diode-based Terahertz (THz) detector up to 5.56 THz. The detector was operated with both a table-top system until 1.2 THz and at a Free-Electron Laser (FEL) facility at singular frequencies from 1.9 to 5.56 THz. We used two measurement techniques in order to discriminate the sub-ns-scale (via a 20 GHz oscilloscope) and the ms-scale (using the lock-in technique) responsivity. While the lock-in measurements basically contain all rectification effects, the sub-ns-scale detection with the oscilloscope is not sensitive to slow bolometric effects caused by changes of the IV characteristic due to temperature. The noise equivalent power (NEP) is 10 pW/Hz in the frequency range from 0.2 to 0.6 THz and 17 pW/Hz at 1.2 THz and increases to 0.9 μW/Hz at 5.56 THz, which is at the state of the art for room temperature zero-bias Schottky diode-based THz detectors with non-resonant antennas. The voltage and current responsivity of ∼500 kV/W and ∼100 mA/W, respectively, is demonstrated over a frequency range of 0.2 to 1.2 THz with the table-top system.
Experimental and Computational Investigations of Separation and Transition on a Highly Loaded Low-Pressure Turbine Airfoil: Part 1 — Low Freestream Turbulence Intensity

Boundary layer separation, transition and reattachment have been studied on a very high lift, low-pressure turbine airfoil. Experiments were done under high (4%) freestream turbulence conditions on a linear cascade in a low speed wind tunnel. Pressure surveys on the airfoil surface and downstream total pressure loss surveys were documented. Velocity profiles were acquired in the suction side boundary layer at several streamwise locations using hot-wire anemometry. Cases were considered at Reynolds numbers (based on the suction surface length and the nominal exit velocity from the cascade) ranging from 25,000 to 300,000. At the lowest Reynolds number the boundary layer separated and did not reattach, in spite of transition in the separated shear layer. At higher Reynolds numbers the boundary layer did reattach, and the separation bubble became smaller as Re increased. High freestream turbulence increased the thickness of the separated shear layer, resulting in a thinner separation bubble. This effect resulted in reattachment at intermediate Reynolds numbers, which was not observed at the same Re under low freestream turbulence conditions. Numerical simulations were performed using an unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) code with both a shear stress transport k-ω model and a 4 equation shear stress transport Transition model. Both models correctly predicted separation and reattachment (if it occurred) at all Reynolds numbers. The Transition model generally provided better quantitative results, correctly predicting velocities, pressure, and separation and transition locations. The model also correctly predicted the difference between high and low freestream turbulence cases.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Finite element analyses of sandwich structures: a bibliography (1980–2001)

Gives a bibliographical review of the finite element analyses of sandwich structures from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. Both isotropic and composite materials are considered. Topics include: material and mechanical properties of sandwich structures; vibration, dynamic response and impact problems; heat transfer and thermomechanical responses; contact problems; fracture mechanics, fatigue and damage; stability problems; special finite elements developed for the analysis of sandwich structures; analysis of sandwich beams, plates, panels and shells; specific applications in various fields of engineering; other topics. The analysis of cellular solids is also included. The bibliography at the end of this paper contains 655 references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations dealing with presented subjects that were published between 1980 and 2001.
First study on in vitro antiviral and virucidal effects of flavonoids against feline infectious peritonitis virus at the early stage of infection

Background and Aim: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), one of the most important infectious diseases in cats is caused by FIP virus (FIPV), a mutated variant of feline coronavirus. Feline infectious peritonitis has a negative impact on feline health, with extremely high mortality in clinical FIP-infected cats, particularly young cats. There are no approved drugs for FIP treatment, and therapeutic possibilities for FIP treatment are limited. This study aimed to utilize nature-derived bioactive flavonoids with antiviral properties to inhibit FIPV infection in Crandell–Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxicity of 16 flavonoids was evaluated on CRFK cells using a colorimetric method (MTS) assay. Viral kinetics of FIPV at 50 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50)/well was determined during the first 24-h post-infection (HPI). Antiviral activity was evaluated based on the replication steps of the virus life cycle, including pre-compound, attachment, penetration, post-viral entry, and virucidal assays. The antiviral efficacy of flavonoids against FIPV was determined based on positive FIPV-infected cells with the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay and viral load quantification using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Two flavonoids, namely, isoginkgetin and luteolin, inhibited FIPV replication during post-viral entry in a dose-dependent manner, with 50% maximal effective concentrations = 4.77 ± 0.09 and 36.28 ± 0.03 μM, respectively. Based on viral kinetics, both flavonoids could inhibit FIPV replication at the early stage of infection at 0–6-HPI for isoginkgetin and 2–6-HPI for luteolin using a time-of-addition assay. Isoginkgetin exerted a direct virucidal effect that reduced the viral titers by 2 and 1.89 log10 TCID50/mL at 60 and 120 min, respectively. Conclusion: Isoginkgetin interfered with FIPV replication during both post-viral infection and virucidal experiments on CRFK cells, whereas luteolin inhibited the virus after infection. These results demonstrate the potential of herbal medicine for treating FIP.
Posterior Vitreous Detachment and Its Role in the Evolution of Dry to Wet Age Related Macular Degeneration [Letter]

editor I have read the paper by Anastasia Bakaliou et al on Posterior Vitreous Detachment and Its Role in the Evolution of Dry to Wet Age Related Macular Degeneration. 1 This study provides new information that vitreomacular adhesion is not the cause of age-related macular degeneration but rather posterior vitreous conditions which are the cause with intense vitreoretinal traction causing the posterior vitreous vessels and retina to experience various paravascular abnormalities which result in damage to eye tissue. 2 The study conducted by Anastasia Bakaliou et al showed that eyes with exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) had quite obvious Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD), and the rest only had central Vitreomacular Adhesion (VMA) and all correspondents with VMA abnormalities centrally develops into exudative AMD. 1 This is due to posterior vitreous detachment, which separates the vitreous from the retina, which is very age related. At birth, the vitreous is firmly attached to the retina instead of the PVD. Weakening of the vitreoretinal adhesion will initially lead to partial PVD, and then to complete PVD. 3 The study conducted by Anastasia Bakaliou et al examined respondents using B-scan ultrasonography and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The correspondents in this study were patients diagnosed with AMD, patients with normal eyes, PVD patients and VMA patients. The tool used to determine the development of exudative AMD and non-exudative AMD is Fundus Fluoroangiography (FFA). 1 I recommend that researchers determine the size, number, and density of vitreous