Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical activity of older adults and factors associated with pre-frailty Atividade física de idosos e fatores associados à pré-fragilidade

Abstract Objective: To investigate pre-frailty and factors associated with this condition, considering the levels of physical activity of the elderly. Methods: Cross-sectional quantitative study. The sample was calculated based on the estimated population proportion and comprised 195 older adults receiving care at a Basic Health Unit. Data were collected by means of a sociodemographic/clinical profile questionnaire and a second questionnaire regarding physical activity. Results: Among the 195 subjects participating in the study, 73 had a decreased level of physical activity and were classified as being in a condition of pre-frailty for this component.Conclusion: Pre-frailty for physical activity presented a moderate prevalence and was associated with the age range and the use of medication, such as antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory drugs. Resumo Objetivo: Investigar a pre-fragilidade e os fatores associados a essa condicao, considerando o nivel de atividade fisica dos idosos. Metodos: Estudo quantitativo transversal. A amostra foi calculada com base na estimativa da proporcao populacional e constituida por 195 idosos usuarios de uma Unidade Basica de Saude. Os dados foram coletados mediante questionario sociodemografico/clinico e nivel de atividade fisica.Resultados: Dos 195 sujeitos participantes da pesquisa, 73 possuiam diminuicao do nivel de atividade fisica, sendo classificados em condicao de pre-fragilidade para esse componente.Conclusao: A pre-fragilidade para atividade fisica possui moderada prevalencia e associou-se a faixa etaria e ao uso de medicamentos, entre eles anti-hipertensivos e anti-inflamatorios.
Secondary Polycythemia and the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Among Hospitalized Patients in the United States

Introduction:The prevalence of secondary polycythemia is on the rise due to increasing prevalence of obesity, sleep apnea and other chronic cardiopulmonary diseases. While polycythemia vera is well known to increase the risk of VTE, the impact of secondary polycythemia on the development of VTE is less clear. Methods: We utilized the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to identify all adults ≥18 years with secondary polycythemia (ICD-9-CM code 289.0) diagnosed during 2011. NIS is the largest all-payer inpatient database in the US that captures about 20% of all US hospitalizations. The outcome of interest was acute VTE identified using corresponding ICD codes for DVT or PE. We also identified the presence of the following confounding factors: malignancy, venous catheterization, long bone fracture, infection, trauma, mechanical intubation, congestive heart failure (CHF), pregnancy, length of hospital stay >5 days, stroke and prior history of VTE. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the impact of secondary polycythemia on the occurrence of VTE controlling the above confounding factors. Multicollinearity was assessed using variance inflation factor (VIF). All p-values were 2 sided, and the level of significance was chosen at 0.05. Statistical analysis was done using STATA 13.0 (StataCorp, College Station, TX) taking into account the complex sampling design of the database. Results: A total of 3,972 hospitalizations with a primary or secondary diagnosis of secondary polycythemia were identified out of a total of 6,840,854 hospitalizations. Concurrent diagnosis of VTE was seen in 4.8% of patients with secondary polycythemia (n=190) as opposed to 2.3% of patients without secondary polycythemia (n=161,122) (odds ratio, OR 2.07; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.75-2.45; p value 5 days. No evidence of multicollinearity was noted in the final regression model (maximum VIF of 1.13). Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study design, our retrospective study indicates an independent association between secondary polycythemia and VTE in patients admitted in the hospital, however, this does not imply causality. Further, our study does not answer whether the use of therapeutic phlebotomy reduces the risk of VTE in patients with secondary polycythemia. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A hangulati állapot alakulásának kockázati tényezői a perinatalis időszakban

Absztrakt: Bevezetes: 2011 aprilisaban bevezetesre kerult Szegeden a perinatalis depresszioszűres. Celkitűzes: A depressziv tunetek mertekenek felderitese, illetve a perinatalis hangulati allapotvaltozas kockazati tenyezőinek vizsgalata. Modszer: Az Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale kerdőivet vedőnők adtak at negy alkalommal a 3849 resztvevőnek. Eredmenyek: Az első trimeszterben a legmagasabb az atlagpontszam (3,74), amely szignifikansan elter a tobbi meresi alkalometol. A patologias arany is ebben az időszakban volt a legmagasabb (10,8%). Pozitiv, kozepes erőssegű korrelacio volt a meresi alkalmak depressziopontjai kozott, illetve osszefuggest talaltunk a magasabb szűrespontszamok es az alacsonyabb szuletesi suly kozott. A magasabb atlagpontszamokkal tendenciaszerű osszefugges mutatkozott az epiduralis erzestelenites eseten, szignifikans pedig a nem tervezettseg, a 26 ev alatti vagy 34 ev folotti eletkor, egyedulallo csaladi allapot es a multiparitas fuggvenyeben. Kovetkeztetesek: Az első trimeszterbe.
A study on the use of polarized light in application to noninvasive tissue diagnostics.

iii DEDICATION v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi TABLE OF CONTENTS vii LIST OF FIGURES xi LIST OF TABLES xiv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Motivation for use of optics techniques 1 1.2 Skin structure 2 1.3 Skin cancer 5 1.4 Optical modalities 7 1.5 Polarized light imaging 8 1.6 Organization of the dissertation 10 CHAPTER II: THEORY AND AUTOMATED MUELLER MATRIX IMAGING SYSTEM 12 2.1 Theory 12 2.1.1 Polarized light and Stokes vector 12 2.1.2 Mueller matrix and Stokes vector Formulism 14
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and Utilization of Preventive Health Care Services

We examined how (a) health insurance coverage, and (b) familiarity with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)’s or ObamaCare mandate of cost-free access to preventive health services, affect the use of preventive services by residents of a minority community. It was based on primary data collected from a survey conducted during March to April 2012 among a sample of self-identified African American adults in Tallahassee-Leon County area of northwest Florida. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 22 was used for running frequency analysis on the data set and multivariable regression modeling. The results showed that of 524 respondents, 382 (73%) had health insurance while 142 (27%) lacked insurance. Majority of insured respondents, 332 (87%), used preventive health services. However, the remaining 13% of respondents did not use preventive services because they were unfamiliar with the ACA provision of free access to preventive services for insured people. Regression analysis showed a high (91.04%) probability that, among the insured, the use of preventive health services depended on the person’s age, income, and education. For uninsured residents, the lack of health insurance was the key reason for non-use of preventive health services, while among the insured, lack of knowledge about the ACA benefit of free access contributed to non-use of preventive services. Expansion of Medicaid eligibility can increase insurance coverage rates among African Americans and other minority populations. Health promotion and awareness campaigns about the law’s benefits by local and state health departments can enhance the use of preventive services.
Education of pharmacy students with geriatric sensitivity training exercise

Background: The older adult population is increasing rapidly which will have an impact on the future of pharmacy. Therefore, it is important for pharmacists to be exposed to the challenges experienced by older adult patients. Aim: The objective was to evaluate pharmacy students’ attitudes and perceptions of a geriatric sensitivity training (GST) exercise. Method: The GST exercise was administered as a pilot program in 2009 to first year pharmacy students. Once a new pharmacy curriculum was implemented, the activity was incorporated into an application-based laboratory course for second-year students. A Likert-scale assessment was administered to both groups at the completion. Results: More than 90% of all participants (n=198) “Strongly Agreed” or “Agreed” that the exercise challenged them to think critically when approaching geriatric patients. Conclusions: The GST exercise is a useful tool in pharmacy education to make students aware of the barriers faced by older adults.
TUBERCULOUS CERVICAL LYMPHADENITIS IN HIV POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PATIENTS

With the rising trend of extra-pulmonary tuberculous conditions among HIV positive patients study of the proportion of HIV seropositives among patients with tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis variations in clinical presentation diagnostic yield of FNAC/biopsy microbiological findings and pathological pattern of cervical lymph nodes in HIV positives and negatives gains importance. In all 110 patients considered as tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis cases were screened by chest radiography tuberculin test fine needle aspiration cytology and/or histopathological examination and smear microscopy for AFB of biopsied lymphnodes. All these patients were also tested for HIV seropositivity by two different ETLISA tests repeated at least twice. Of the 85 confirmed tuberculosis patients 16 (18.8%) had HIV seropositivity of whom 9 (56.2%) had demonstrable AFB in FNAC/biopsied cervical node specimens; only one HIV negative patient (1.4%) had positive smear microscopy for AFB. Among the 16 HIV positive patients typical granuloma and/or casealion were found in 10 patients (62.5%) and atypical pathological features were found in the remaining 6 patients (37.5%). (authors)
Transforming Nursing Education: Fostering Student Development towards Self-Authorship

Abstract Nurse educators share a common goal: To foster student development in ways that fully prepare graduates for the challenges of contemporary practice. As patient acuity continues to escalate the responsibilities of the nurse and the nurse educator have become daunting. Contemporary practice requires a self-authored perspective that allows the nurse to appraise knowledge, weigh evidence, make autonomous decisions, and question authorities when warranted. Nurse leaders have called for transformation in nursing education through the application of evidence-based pedagogies that promote complex thinking and professional formation. This article introduces self-authorship theory and constructive-developmental pedagogy as a framework for enacting the pedagogical reform called for by nursing leaders. Drawing on the Carnegie study recommendations for nursing education reform, the article describes three constructive-developmental principles faculty can incorporate into their current practice to foster student development towards self-authorship and describes the implications of constructive-developmental pedagogy for substantive transformation in nursing education.
Dose-intensified chemotherapy and additional Docetaxel may improve inflammatory breast cancer patients outcome over two decades: Results from Institut Curie protocols 1977–1987 and two consecutive French multicenter trials Pegase 02 (1995–96) and Pegase 05 (1997–99)

848 Background: Standard anthracycline based chemotherapy had improved survival of inflammatory breast cancer. New modalities have been developed over the past 10 years including sequential high dose chemotherapy and newer drugs such as taxanes. Methods: We analyzed a first (G1) of patients uniformly treated with conventional chemotherapy in our institution and compared to a second group (G2) receiving sequential HDC and a third group (G3) with HDC + docetacel G1: 223 pts (1977–1987) were treated at the Institut Curie on 3 consecutive protocoles with conventional doxorubicine based CT G2: 95 pts (1995–96) were enrolled onto the multicenter trial Pegase 02 consisting in four 3 weekly cycles of doxorubicine 75mg/m2 associated with CPM (6g/m2 at C1; 3g/m2 atC2) and 5FU 3g/m2 at C3 and C4 G3: 54 pts (1997–99) accrued in Pegase 05 multicenter trial received four 3 weekly cycles of D75mg/m2 + CPM 6g/m2 at C1; CPM 3g/m2 at C2, C6 and C7; docetaxel 100mg/m2 q 2W was administred at C3, C4 and C5 Median survival 3 .
Effect of Dapagliflozin on Glycemic Control, Weight, and Blood Pressure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Attending a Specialist Endocrinology Practice in Canada: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Abstract Background: In randomized clinical trials, dapagliflozin has been shown to improve glycemic control, weight, and blood pressure. However, there is little real-world evidence of the effectiveness of dapagliflozin. The objective of this study is to investigate the real-world treatment outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who initiated dapagliflozin in a referral-based endocrinology practice. Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with T2D who initiated dapagliflozin in 2015, using data from a large, specialist diabetes registry in Canada. Results: 1520 patients were eligible for analysis. Following 3 to 6 months of treatment, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) decreased by a mean of 0.9% ± 1.3% (9.8 ± 14.2 mmol/mol) (P < 0.01), weight decreased 2.2 ± 3.1 kg (P < 0.01), and systolic blood pressure decreased 3.7 ± 14.3 mmHg (P < 0.01). The proportion of patients who achieved glycemic control (HbA1c ≤7.0%) increased from 7.0% at baseline to 27.0% during follow-up. There was.
The Role of Physical Fitness on Cardiovascular Responses to Stress

Cardiovascular responses to physical and/ or mental stressors has been a topic of great interest for some time. For example, significant changes of cardiovascular control and reactivity have been highlighted as important mechanisms for the protective effect of exercise as a simple and effective, non medical therapy for many pathologies. However, despite the great number of studies performed to date (e.g. >54,000 entries in Pubmed for "cardiovascular stress"), important questions of the role stress has on cardiovascular function still remain. For instance, What factors account for the different cardiovascular responses between mental and physical stressors? How do these different components of the cardiovascular system interact during stress? Which cardiovascular responses to stress are the most important for identifying normal, depressed, and enhanced cardiovascular function? Can these stress-induced responses assist with patient diagnosis and prognosis? What impact does physical fitness have on the relationship between cardiovascular function and health? The current topic examined our current understanding of cardiovascular responses to stress and the significant role that physical fitness has on these responses for improved function and health. Manuscripts focusing on heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate recovery, and other novel cardiovascular assessments were especially encouraged.
Effects of Combination of Regular Exercise and Tea Catechins Intake on Energy Expenditure in Humans

Improvement in dietary habits and regular exercise is considered to be effective in preventing and/or reducing obesity and lifestyle-related diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the combination of regular exercise and tea catechins intake on energy expenditure in humans. Fourteen healthy male subjects of 26 to 42 years of age received either a test beverage containing tea catechins or a control beverage without tea catechins for 2 months period; during this period they also engaged in treadmill exercise at a pace of 5 km/hr for 30 min 3 times a week. Energy expenditure in a sedentary condition or during the treadmill exercise was measured after 2 months by indirect colorimetry. Fat utilization for energy expenditure under both sedentary and exercising conditions was significantly increased by the combination of regular exercise and tea catechins intake compared to that by exercise alone.
A study on knowledge of animal bite victims regarding animal bite and rabies attending tertiary care hospital of Rewa City, Madhya Pradesh

Background: Rabies is an acute fatal viral encephalitis that usually transmitted from animals to man followed by domestic and wild animal bites. Objective: To identify the level of general awareness and knowledge of wound management and rabies among the cases of animal bite and to study the awareness of people about antirabies vaccines and health service utilization. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional institutional study was conducted in 406 animal bite victims presenting to the tertiary care hospital, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh. A pretested and structured oral questionnaire was used to elicit the required information regarding knowledge of animal bite victims about animal bite and rabies, its transmission, prevention, and control. Data were analyzed using graphpad software. Result: All 406 animal bite victims knew about injury after animal bite. 54.9% victims knew about fatality of rabies, 63.7% victims knew that rabies is caused by biting of animal, and 17.4% knew that rabies is transmitted by saliva. Source of information was health facility for 48% victims. 85.5% victims knew about application of antiseptic solution on animal bite wound. 34% victims knew about correct number of injection, 40.4% knew about correct site, and 33.3% knew that ARV should be taken immediately. 57.9% victims knew that observation should be done in animal. 33.1% victims knew that local treatment should be taken as soon as possible. Conclusion: This study has shown that the community level knowledge is satisfactory about rabies, its prevention, and control. Knowledge found to be low for the modes of rabies transmission, prevention methods after suspected animal bite, the first action taken in the home after bitten by a suspected animal and for ARV.
The incidence of pica in a sample of dialysis patients

End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) occurs when the kidneys are no longer able to function at a level necessary for day to day life. Pica refers to the persistent, compulsive craving for and ingestion of nonfood items and certain food items. ESRD may constitute a potent stress and stimulus for pica, especially in those patients with an underlying cultural predisposition. The occurrence of pica in a South Florida dialysis unit was studied via a carefully designed a pica questionnaire aimed towards creating a human connection. A significantly greater proportion of subjects endorsing pica practices were found in the dialysis group (38.3%) as compared to the control group (16%). Dialysis patients endorsing pica behaviors were significantly younger than those who denied pica behavior. Additionally there was a significantly greater proportion of females endorsing pica behaviors. Odds ratios analyses revealed greater odds of engaging in pica behaviors for Black participants than Hispanics or Whites. Pagophagia (ice pica) was the most frequently reported type of pica practice. The incidence of pica in this study was considerably higher than that which had been found in past studies. This likely resulted from the unique manner in which the information was educed. Implications and suggestions for future research directions are discussed.
Factors related to spontaneous changes in fat intake and physical activity after coronary angioplasty

ii Acknowledgements . iii Declaration . vi Table of contents . vii List of tables . xii List of tables . xii List of figures. xiii List of appendices . xiv Chapter 1 CORO*ARY HEART DISEASE.1 1.1 Overview of the chapter . 1 1.2 Anatomy and pathology of coronary heart disease . 2 1.2.1 The extent of the problem.2 1.3 Risk factors for coronary heart disease . 3 1.3. 1 on-modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease.3 1.3. 2 Modifiable risk factors.4 1.3. 2.1 Physical activity.5 1.3. 2.2 Intake of saturated fat . 6 1.4 Cardiac rehabilitation . 6 1.5 Revascularisation options . 7 1.5. 1 Coronary artery bypass graft surgery . 8 1.5. 2 Percutaneous coronary intervention.8 1.6 Health behaviour change in PCI patients.9 1.6. 1 Uptake of CR in PCI patients . 10 1.6. 2 Lifestyle modification in PCI patients.11 1.6. 3 Attitudes of PCI patients towards lifestyle change . 12 1.7 Summary and conclusions . 13 Chapter 2 PROTECTIO* MOTIVATIO* THEORY.15 2.1 Overview of the chapter . 15 2.2 Theoretical frameworks.15
Role of M2 Macrophages in Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury.

BACKGROUND Sepsis is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), with high rates of morbidity and mortality. M2 macrophages have been shown to play important roles in the secretion of anti-inflammatory and tissue repair mediators. In this study, we investigate the role of M2 macrophages in sepsis-induced AKI by depleting these cells in vivo through the systemic administration of liposomal clodronate (LC). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham surgery. Biochemical and histological renal damage was assessed. Macrophage infiltration and M2 macrophage depletion were assessed by immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR was used to investigate the expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase 1 (Arg-1), and found in inflammatory zone 1 (FIZZ1) mRNAs. Western blots were performed to assay the tissue levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). RESULTS M2 macrophages were obviously detected 72 h after sepsis-induced AKI. Kidney injury was more severe, renal function was decreased, and blood creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were higher after M2 macrophage depletion. M2 macrophage depletion significantly inhibited the proliferation of tubular cells. M2 macrophage depletion also downregulated IL-10 expression and increased TNF-α secretion during sepsis-induced AKI. CONCLUSIONS M2 macrophages attenuate sepsis-induced AKI, presumably by upregulating IL-10 expression and suppressing TNF-α secretion.