Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global well-posedness for the 3D Muskat problem in the critical Sobolev space

We prove that the 3D stable Muskat problem is globally well-posed in the critical Sobolev space $\dot H^2 \cap \dot W^{1,\infty}$ provided that the semi-norm $\Vert f_0 \Vert_{\dot H^{2}}$ is small enough. Consequently, this allows the Lipschitz semi-norm to be arbitrarily large. The proof is based on a new formulation of the 3D Muskat problem that allows to capture the hidden oscillatory nature of the problem. The latter formulation allows to prove the $\dot H^{2}$ {\emph{a priori}} estimates. In the literature, all the known global existence results for the 3D Muskat problem are for small slopes (less than 1). This is the first arbitrary large slope theorem for the 3D stable Muskat problem.
Theory and Algorithms for Shapelet-Based Multiple-Instance Learning

We propose a new formulation of multiple-instance learning (MIL), in which a unit of data consists of a set of instances called a bag. The goal is to find a good classifier of bags based on the similarity with a “shapelet” (or pattern), where the similarity of a bag with a shapelet is the maximum similarity of instances in the bag. In previous work, some of the training instances have been chosen as shapelets with no theoretical justification. In our formulation, we use all possible, and thus infinitely many, shapelets, resulting in a richer class of classifiers. We show that the formulation is tractable, that is, it can be reduced through linear programming boosting (LPBoost) to difference of convex (DC) programs of finite (actually polynomial) size. Our theoretical result also gives justification to the heuristics of some previous work. The time complexity of the proposed algorithm highly depends on the size of the set of all instances in the training sample. To apply to the data containing a large number of instances, we also propose a heuristic option of the algorithm without the loss of the theoretical guarantee. Our empirical study demonstrates that our algorithm uniformly works for shapelet learning tasks on time-series classification and various MIL tasks with comparable accuracy to the existing methods. Moreover, we show that the proposed heuristics allow us to achieve the result in reasonable computational time.
Large Scale Audiovisual Learning of Sounds with Weakly Labeled Data

Recognizing sounds is a key aspect of computational audio scene analysis and machine perception. In this paper, we advocate that sound recognition is inherently a multi-modal audiovisual task in that it is easier to differentiate sounds using both the audio and visual modalities as opposed to one or the other. We present an audiovisual fusion model that learns to recognize sounds from weakly labeled video recordings. The proposed fusion model utilizes an attention mechanism to dynamically combine the outputs of the individual audio and visual models. Experiments on the large scale sound events dataset, AudioSet, demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model, which outperforms the single-modal models, and state-of-the-art fusion and multi-modal models. We achieve a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 46.16 on Audioset, outperforming prior state of the art by approximately +4.35 mAP (relative: 10.4%).
Mutation equivalence of toric Landau-Ginzburg models

Given a Fano complete intersection defined by sections of a collection nef line bundles $L_1,\ldots, L_c$ on a Fano toric manifold $Y$, a construction of Givental/Hori-Vafa provides a mirror-dual Landau-Ginzburg model. This construction depends on a choice of suitable nef partition; that is, a partition of the rays of the fan determined by $Y$. We show that toric Landau-Ginzburg models constructed from different nef partitions representing the same complete intersection are related by a volume preserving birational map. In particular, various Laurent polynomial mirrors which may be obtained from these Landau-Ginzburg models are mutation equivalent.
Resolvent-based predictions for turbulent flow over anisotropic permeable substrates

Abstract Recent simulations indicate that streamwise-preferential porous materials have the potential to reduce drag in wall-bounded turbulent flows (Gómez-de-Segura & García-Mayoral, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 875, 2019, pp. 124–172). This paper extends the resolvent formulation to study the effect of such anisotropic permeable substrates on turbulent channel flow. Under the resolvent formulation, the Fourier-transformed Navier–Stokes equations are interpreted as a linear forcing–response system. The nonlinear terms are considered the endogenous forcing in the system that gives rise to a velocity and pressure response. A gain-based decomposition of the forcing–response transfer function – the resolvent operator – identifies response modes (resolvent modes) that are known to reproduce important structural and statistical features of wall-bounded turbulent flows. The effect of permeable substrates is introduced in this framework using the volume-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and a generalized form of Darcy's law. Substrates with high streamwise permeability and low spanwise permeability are found to suppress the forcing–response gain for the resolvent mode that serves as a surrogate for the energetic near-wall cycle. This reduction in mode gain is shown to be consistent with the drag reduction trends predicted by theory and observed in numerical simulations. Simulation results indicate that drag reduction is limited by the emergence of spanwise rollers resembling Kelvin–Helmholtz vortices beyond a threshold value of wall-normal permeability. The resolvent framework also predicts the conditions in which such energetic spanwise-coherent rollers emerge. These findings suggest that a limited set of resolvent modes can serve as the building blocks for computationally efficient models that enable the design and optimization of permeable substrates for passive turbulence control.
Systematic revision of the Potamotrygon motoro (Müller & Henle, 1841) species complex in the Paraná-Paraguay basin, with description of two new ocellated species (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae)

A systematic revision of the Potamotrygon motoro (Muller & Henle, 1841) species complex in the Parana-Paraguay basin based on morphological characters was undertaken. Morphological systems analyzed include external morphology, coloration, dermal denticles, and spines, canals of the ventral lateral-line system, and skeletal components. Potamotrygon motoro is widely distributed in the Parana-Paraguay basin and some of its diagnostic characters are: ocelli present on dorsal disc tricolored, well-defined and evenly distributed, with diameter similar or greater than eye-length; ventral coloration with relatively large whitish central region, with gray or brown area predominant on outer ventral disc margins; dermal denticles well-developed and star-shaped over central disc; labial grooves absent; monognathic heterodonty present in upper and lower jaws of adults. Potamotrygon pauckei Castex, 1963 and Potamotrygon labradori Castex, Maciel & Achenbach, 1963, are synonymized with P. motoro; Potamotrygon alba Castex, 1963, is a nomen dubium in accordance with previous authors. Additionally, two new ocellated species of Potamotrygon from the Parana-Paraguay basin are described: Potamotrygon pantanensis, sp. nov. and Potamotrygon amandae, sp. nov. These are described and compared with P. motoro and other congeners. Potamotrygon pantanensis, sp. nov. is described from the northern Pantanal region; Potamotrygon amandae, sp. nov. is widespread in the Parana-Paraguay basin.
Phaeocystis rex sp. nov. (Phaeocystales, Prymnesiophyceae): a new solitary species that produces a multilayered scale cell covering

ABSTRACT A morphologically distinct marine species, Phaeocystis rex sp. nov., was described on the basis of light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and DNA sequence comparisons. Non-motile cells were solitary (non-colonial), 6–10 µm in diameter and 8–15 µm long, and possessed chloroplasts with distinctive finger-like lobes. TEM observations demonstrated the presence of two short flagella and a very short haptonema that arose from an invagination of the protoplast. Non-motile cells were surrounded by one to several dense layers composed of scales, presumably unmineralized, and an amorphous material. Phylogenetic analyses based upon combined partial nucleotide sequences for five nuclear- or plastid-encoded genes (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, 16S rRNA, psbA and rbcL) from cultured strains and from uncharacterized acantharian symbionts confirmed that P. rex was a distinct species. These analyses implied that P. rex occupies an intermediate evolutionary position between solitary and colonial Phaeocystis species.
Responses of nonflying moths to ultrasound: the threat of gleaning bats

Stationary and walking tympanate moths (Arctiidae, Geometridae, Noctuidae, and Notodontidae) exhibited discrete behavioural responses to electronically simulated bat echolocation calls. The presence of a stationary response in a given species was strongly correlated with the presence of a walking response in the same species. Some inter- and intra-specific variability in the presence of this behaviour was observed and the evolutionary implications of this variability are discussed. Such behavioural responses by nonvolant moths to ultrasound may protect them from predation by gleaning bats.
Real-World Adherence and Evidence of Subcutaneous and Sublingual Immunotherapy in Grass and Tree Pollen-Induced Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma

Purpose Allergen immunotherapy (AIT), when continued for 3 years, is the only disease-modifying treatment for AR and asthma. Adherence is a key to ensure effectiveness, and poor adherence is a contraindication for AIT. The objective of this study was to evaluate real-world adherence to AIT with subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) preparations in patients allergic to grass or tree pollen. The impact of AIT on the consumption of asthma and rhinitis medication was also analyzed. Patients and Methods In this retrospective cohort analysis of a German longitudinal prescription database, the adherence of a grass and tree pollen allergoid was examined and compared to two sublingual AIT tablets/drops. Patients receiving grass or tree allergen-specific immunotherapy prescriptions were compared with non-AIT patients receiving symptomatic allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma prescriptions. The study endpoints included therapy adherence, AR progression, and asthma progression. Multivariate regression analyses were used to estimate the effects of SCIT or SLIT, adjusting for variables related to demographics and prescriptions. Results SCIT adherence was 60.1–61.8% at 2 years and 35.0–37.5% at 3 years for the two allergens. SLIT adherence was distinctly lower (29.5–36.5% and 9.6–18.2%, respectively). Adherence in children was higher compared to adolescents or adults. All products were highly efficacious at reducing symptomatic AR medication consumption. SCIT also reduced asthma medication use for both allergens, whereas for SLIT these results were significant only for grasses but not trees. Conclusion Subcutaneous AIT in a real-world setting achieved significantly higher adherence rates compared to sublingual administration. SCIT reduced the use of rhinitis and asthma medication significantly for both allergens, while SLIT reduced the use of rhinitis medication for both allergens and the use of asthma medication for grasses only.
Attitudes and thoughts of medical practitioners towards their profession in the era of financial crisis in Greece

Summary Introduction The financial crisis which started in Greece about 10 years ago has affected the income of citizens, their quality of life, as well as social and occupational relationships. Aim of the present study was to assess the attitudes towards working conditions and personal life and to explore quality of life, as well as disorders in physical condition, sleep, mood and their predictors, among doctors working or being trained in a tertiary hospital of NE Greece. Methods Included were 133 medical students and doctors of all ranks (61.7% males) practicing medicine in a university tertiary hospital in Greece. All of them answered a 31-item questionnaire regarding their working conditions, and personal life, daytime activities and sleeping habits. Results In general, the majority reported dissatisfaction with the work environment, the salary and they rated their quality of life worse than that of the general population. Weekly workload exceeded 60 hours for the majority. No difference between sexes was revealed, with the exception of use of energy drinks which was more prevalent in males (70.7% vs. 51%, p = 0.022). Comparison between ranks revealed that medical students performed better in everyday activities and socialization, although prevalence of reported fatigue was higher in them. Finally, it was demonstrated that surgeons used more frequently medication to achieve sleep promotion (80.4% vs. 36%, p < 0.001) and daily energy (78.4% vs. 44%, p < 0.001). Conclusions An overall dissatisfaction regarding workload, salary and quality of life is recorded among doctors of a tertiary hospital in Greece, with different coping strategies among subgroups.
Diurnal changes in the expression of glutamate dehydrogenase and nitrate reductase are involved in the C/N balance of tobacco source leaves

A novel cDNA encoding glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) from tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ), named gdh1, was characterized. The gdh1 mRNA was detected in roots, stems and source/senescent leaves. In order to investigate diurnal regulation of gdh1 in leaves, the content in gdh1 mRNA was measured every 3 h over a 48 h period and compared to nia and gs2 mRNA levels, encoding, respectively, nitrate reductase (NR) and chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (GS2). In source leaves, gdh1 mRNA levels exhibit diurnal fluctuations. A 12 h shift was observed between the day‐ night rhythms of gdh1 and nia expression. Metabolite contents were also measured and a shift in the day‐night fluctuations of both glutamate (GLU) and g -aminobutyric acid (GABA) was observed between sink and source leaves, whereas the diurnal rhythm of a -ketoglutarate showed no change. A possible role of GDH in the shift of GLU and GABA contents is discussed. Leaf disc experiments showed that gdh1 expression is enhanced in conditions of continuous darkness. This trend is inhibited by sucrose feeding. The opposite was observed for nia expression. An important outcome of this work is the reverse regulation of gdh1 and nia genes. A possible role of sugars and amino acids in the co-regulation of gdh1 and nia genes is suggested.
Loss of PDK4 expression promotes proliferation, tumorigenicity, motility and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Although the roles and underlying mechanisms of other PDK family members (i.e., PDK1, PDK2 and PDK3) in tumor progression have been extensively investigated and are well understood, the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) in the tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers [including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)] remain largely unknown. In this study, we examined the expression profile of PDK4 in HCC clinical tissue specimens and the roles of PDK4 in the proliferation, tumorigenicity, motility and invasion of HCC cells. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results revealed that PDK4 was significantly downregulated in the cohort of HCC clinical specimens. Additionally, PDK4 protein was found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of HCC cells based on an immunofluorescence (ICC) assay, and PDK4 protein was also found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cancer cells contained in HCC clinical specimens based on IHC. The CCK-8 assay and cell colony formation assay demonstrated that stable depletion of endogenous PDK4 by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) markedly promoted the proliferation of HCC cell lines (i.e., BEL-7402 and BEL-7404 cells) in vitro, while PDK4 silencing significantly enhanced the tumorigenic ability of BEL-7404 cells in vivo. In addition to enhance proliferation and tumorigenesis induced by PDK4 silencing, additional studies demonstrated that knockdown of PDK4 led to increase migration and invasion of BEL-7402 and BEL-7404 cells in vitro. Taken together, these findings suggest that the loss of PDK4 expression contributes to HCC malignant progression.
Effect of foliar application of free amino acids on alfalfa performance under rainfed conditions

This work investigated the efficiency of free amino acid compounds to improve production of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under rainfed conditions during 2011–12. Experiment was conducted as complete randomized block design with three replications at three already established alfalfa cv. Garayonja fields. There was two different spraying times including one spray at early 4–6 leaves stage and three times spraying started at 46 leaves stage with two weeks’ intervals. The experiment included 12 treatments resulting from factorial of six spray treatments and two spraying times. Spray treatments included Aminol-forte, Kadostim, Fosnutren and Humiforte at 1 l/ha, along with water spray and no spray as control. Results indicated that increasing the spraying times of plants with amino acid compounds significantly (P<0.01) increased plant height, dry biomass weight and crude protein content compared to control. Different amino acid compounds showed different effects regarding the studied traits. The highest fresh biomass (14 t/ha) achieved in using Kadestim which was 100% more than control. Application of Aminol-forte resulted in the highest crude protein content (22%) comparing 17% in the control. It was concluded that foliar spray of free amino acids could enhance the quality and quantity of alfalfa in the rainfed conditions.
The effect of biological agent treatment on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, and C-reactive protein in psoriasis patients

Introduction In recent years, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV) and C reactive protein (CRP) have been shown to be important indicators of systemic inflammation. Studies have shown that NLR, PLR, MPV and CRP are higher in psoriasis patients than in the control group. Aim To investigate the NLR, PLR, MPV and serum CRP levels in patients who were treated with biological agents for psoriasis. Material and methods In our study, 75 patients who were followed up and had a diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris and took a biological agent therapy between January 2014 and December 2017 in the Dermatology Clinic of the Dicle University Medical Faculty Hospital were evaluated before treatment, and 3 and 6 months after treatment. Results Neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, thrombocyte count, NLR, PLR, MPV and CRP values before the biological agent treatment were statistically higher than the values at 3 and 6 months of treatment. There was no statistically significant difference between pre-treatment neutrophil, lymphocyte, leukocyte, platelet, NLR, PLR, MPV, CRP values and values at 3 and 6 months after treatment when we compared four different biological agents. Conclusions It was seen that NLR, PLR, MPV and CRP values decreased independently of the type of the biological agent used in our study. Therefore, we think that these parameters can be used to evaluate the effects of biological agent treatment on systemic inflammation in psoriasis patients and to monitor the course of the disease.
Evaluating the stress and its association with stressors among the dental undergraduate students of Kanpur city, India: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Dental education can be a critical wellspring of stress among dental students, and studies have observed higher levels of stress among dental students than in the all-inclusive community. The present study aims to evaluate the perceived stress among dental undergraduate students, the sources of stress, and an association of perceived stress with sociodemographic characteristics and various stressors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 undergraduate dental students (from 1st year to final year) in a private dental college, Kanpur. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data regarding sociodemographic profile, perceived stress using Perceived Stress Scale-14, and academic, psychosocial, and environmental stressors. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics-Version 21 (IBM Corp. Released 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0, Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp.). RESULTS: The mean perceived stress score was 30.25 ± 1.914. The median perceived stress score was 30. Statistically significant (P < 0.001) values were found for higher age group and year of studying Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) were important sociodemographic determinant of stress. Vastness of academic curricula, frequency of examination (P < 0.05), and fear of failure/poor performance in examinations were important academic determinants of stress. High parental expectations and family problems were important psychosocial stressors. Accommodation away from home was an important predictor of stress (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that there are various sociodemographic (age and year of study in BDS), academic (curricula, frequency of examination, and performance level) determinants and predictors of stress (type of accommodation), along with psychosocial stressors (parental expectation and family problems). Dental colleges should develop stress management programs to promote gender and social equity and strategies to improve psychological support services. The stress management programs reported either helped to reduce the number of stressors or enhance stress coping skills, using relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, yoga, and stress management programs.
Socio-economic inequality and risk of loneliness by personality traits in girl students

Summary Objective Personality traits can affect humans’ mental health. In the present study, we aimed to assess the relation of loneliness to personality traits and also to inequality in socio-economic status in girl students. Methods In a cross-sectional study, investigated the relations of personality traits to loneliness in girl students in Ilam from 2014 to 2015. A multistage cluster random sampling method was used to select the participants. The NEO-FFI and University of California, and Los Angeles questionnaires were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS and Distributive Analysis Stata Package (DASP). Results Among 400 recruited participants, 149 (37.2%) were categorized as having loneliness. The concentration index (CI) for loneliness was 0.19 (95 % confidence interval CI] 0.07, 0.27), which indicated that loneliness was observed more in persons with high socioeconomic status. The risk of loneliness was 38% lower in persons with higher scores in neuroticism (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.91). Conclusion We found that socio-economic inequality was observed in relation to loneliness with girls of higher socioeconomic status reporting more loneliness. Therefore, more attention should be directed by policymakers to determining the main contributors to inequality contributors and loneliness in advantaged societies.