Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of resting-state networks from macaque electrocorticographic data

The discovery of haemodynamic (BOLD-fMRI) resting-state networks (RSNs) has brought about a fundamental shift in our thinking about the role of intrinsic brain activity. The electrophysiological underpinnings of RSNs remain largely elusive and it has been shown only recently that electrophysiological cortical rhythms are organized into RSNs. Most electrophysiological studies into RSNs use magnetoencephalography (MEG) or electroencephalography (EEG), which limits the spatial scale on which RSNs can be investigated. Due to their close proximity to the cortical surface, electroencephalographic (ECoG) recordings can potentially provide a more detailed picture of the functional organization of resting-state cortical rhythms. In this study we propose using source-space independent component analysis for identifying generators of resting-state cortical rhythms as recorded with ECoG and reconstructing their network structure. Their network structure is characterized by two kinds of connectivity: instantaneous correlations between band-limited amplitude envelopes and oscillatory phase-locking. Using simulated data, we find that the reconstruction of oscillatory phase-locking is more challenging than that of amplitude correlations, particularly for low signal-to-noise levels. Specifically, phase-lags can both be over- and underestimated as a consequence of first-order and higher-order volume-conduction effects, which troubles the interpretation of interaction measures based on imaginary phase-locking or coherence. The methodology is applied to resting-state beta (15-30 Hz) rhythms within the motor system of a macaque monkey and leads to the identification of a functional network of seven cortical generators that are distributed across the sensorimotor system. The spatial extent of the identified generators, together with consistent phase-lags, suggests that these rhythms can be viewed as being spatially continuous with complex dynamics including traveling waves. Our findings illustrate the level of spatial detail attainable with source-projected ECoG and motivates wider use of the methodology for studying resting-state as well as event-related cortical dynamics in macaque and human.
What are the Implications of Changing Place for the Professional Performativity of Prison Officers?

ABSTRACT Throughcare Support Officers (TSOs) were a unique role in the Scottish criminal justice system when they operated between 2015 and 2019. This research challenges and extends existing prison scholarship by asking a number of novel questions: to what extent do prisons as places shape prison officer identities and what happens to prison officer identities when you largely remove the prison itself. TSOs were prison officers who worked with newly released individuals from custody, and their work was based largely in the community supporting reintegration. In this article, we utilize two strands of Judith Butler’s theories of performativity and materiality, theories that have been used to analyze professional identities in other professions, although not in the criminal justice system until now. Analysis from data generated through 20 semi-structured interviews (a sample of 49% of all TSOs), illustrates that through a greater fluidity of TSO roles, TSOs are able to agentically adapt to a range of situations and hierarchies. The reflections of TSOs provide a unique insight into the place and perception of prisons within the criminal justice system in Scotland. More widely our analysis provides new insights into the ways in which custodial and the community settings shape particular professional identities.
A New Model-Based Approach for the Evaluation of the Net Contribution of the European Union Rural Development Program to the Reduction of Water Abstractions in Agriculture

Agriculture is an essential driving force in water resources management and has a central role in the European Union’s Rural Development Programme (RDP). In this study, the solution developed addresses countries characterised by relatively small farms, vast spatial and temporal variability and severe data scarcity. The proposed model-based approach is directly relevant to the evaluation of agricultural policies affecting water abstraction based on multisource data. The evaluation process utilises an entirely spatially distributed, continuous hydrological model. The model provides a gridded output of the main hydrological balance components, as well as vegetation water deficit and irrigation water requirements, on a daily temporal step on a country scale. It provides information at the farm level and facilitates the estimation of water abstractions in agriculture, taking into consideration all the pertinent information included in the Integrated Administration and Control System database that is maintained by RDPs in Europe. Remote sensing data also are used to validate crop patterns. The obtained results were analysed to estimate the net effect of the RDP to the reduction of water abstractions in agriculture. This work produces valuable information concerning the evaluation of agricultural policies and the assessment of land use, and climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies.
Acidogenesis/methanogenesis from acid cheese whey in hybrid-UASB reactors

The cheese industry produces residues such as acid cheese whey. The latter has a high organic-matter concentration and other nutrients that are severe environmental contaminants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acidogenesis / methanogenesis of acid cheese whey with short Hydraulic Retention Times (HRT) in Hybrid-UASB reactors, following the evolution of the organic matter, ammonium, and orthophosphate. The acidogenic reactor was operated at an HRT of 0.5 days, while for the methanogenic reactor, this ranged from 1-2 days; both reactors were operated in series. Results showed that the overall HRT of 1.5 days allowed optimal removal (89-96.8%) with organic loading rates of between 2.5 and 10.7 g COD / L-d, while at 14.2-24.9 g COD / L-d, best results were achieved at 2.5 days of overall HRT. Highest methane productivity ranged from 0.99-1.15 L CH 4 / L reactor -d (0.238-0.308 L CH 4 / g COD degraded ). Ammonium formation was only signiﬁcant in methanogenesis (85 mg / L), while orthophosphates showed no change throughout the entire process. In conclusion, Hybrid-UASB reactors operated at short HRT were suitable for the acidogenesis / methanogenesis of this wastewater. Furthermore, methane can be utilized for energy generation, and ammonium and orthophosphate might be employed for the development of high value-added products. L CH 4 / g DQO degradado ). La formación de amonio únicamente fue signiﬁcativa en metanogénesis (85 mg / L); los ortofosfatos no mostraron cambio a través de todo el proceso. En conclusión los reactores UASB-híbridos operados a cortos TRH fueron adecuados para la acidogénesis / metanogénesis del agua residual ensayada. Además, el metano puede ser usado para la generación de energía; el amonio y ortofosfatos podrían emplearse para el desarrollo de productos de alto valor agregado. Palabras clave : Lactosuero ácido, acidogénesis / metanogénesis, reactor UASB-híbrido, eﬂuentes industriales, nutrientes.
Energy Transfer by Turbulent Dissipation in Glacial Conduits

Water flow within and beneath glaciers and ice sheets influences ice dynamics and is relevant for practical applications such as modeling outburst floods from mountain glaciers. The most general models for glacial hydrologic conduits include an energy equation, wherein a heat transfer coefficient controls the rate at which heat generated by mechanical energy dissipation is transferred to conduit walls, producing melt. Previous models employ heat transfer coefficients derived for engineering heat transfer problems, where heat is transferred between the walls of a conduit and a flowing fluid that enters the conduit at a temperature different from the wall temperature. These heat transfer coefficients may not be appropriate for glacial hydrologic conduits in temperate ice, where the water and conduit walls (ice) are at almost the same temperature. We revisit the energy transport equations that provide a basis for the derivation of heat transfer coefficients and highlight the distinctions between the heated walls and dissipated energy heat transfer cases. We present computational results for both cases across a wide range of Reynolds numbers in circular conduit and sheet geometries. We show that the heat transfer coefficients for transfer of heat generated by mechanical energy dissipation to circular conduit walls are smaller than calculated using the Dittus‐Boelter correlation by approximately a factor of 2. However, heat transfer coefficients are higher for flow through a wide sheet at Re=106 , highlighting the influence of noncircular geometries on heat transfer in englacial conduits and subglacial drainage systems.
Marital Dissolution in Postmodern Java, Indonesia: Does Early Marriage Increase the Likelihood to Divorce?

ABSTRACT This study examines the probability of the age at first marriage in predicting the occurrence of marital dissolution in Java, Indonesia. Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012 data were employed and selected a total of 10,046 ever-married women residing in Java. About 28% of Javanese women who married before or at age 16, and 14.7% of women who married after age 16 experienced divorce. The proportion of divorce was higher among women with lower educational attainment, rural women, East Javanese women who married early, West Javanese women who delayed marriage, and women with no children.
Effects of Soil Environment on Abundance, Diversity and Community Structure of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Pinus Radiata

Balanced and sustained nutrient cycles are critical to the success of the world’s forest ecosystems. Research has shown ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) play a vital role in regulating these systems, as they store and mobilize cycled nutrients for the trees they colonize. Not all species of ECM allocate essential nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous and carbon) to their host with the same efficiency. Studies have shown the soil environment is important for determining fungal distribution. To better understand the ECM fungal community of Pinus radiata, I explored the effects of soil characteristics (percent silt, percent clay, percent sand and soil water content) on the abundance, community structure and diversity of ECM fungi in P. radiata from Point Lobos State Park. Fungal species were identified from five trees using molecular methods and data analyses were completed. I found that each of the soil characteristics had an effect on raw fungal abundance, and different soil characteristics can be positively or negatively correlated with the diversity of a fungal community. Specifically, sand was negatively correlated with diversity while silt had a positive impact on diversity. This suggests soil environment, specifically soil texture, is an important variable which can alter the ECM fungal community and therefore, affect the health of the trees they colonize.
Incidence and factors associated with early neonatal near miss in a tertiary care hospital in Bengaluru

Background: Neonatal near miss is defined as, a neonate who has suffered a life-threatening condition but survived the first 28 days of life. As neonatal near miss is a predictor for early neonatal death, the lessons learned from near misses will be useful to help prevent early neonatal mortality. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to estimate the incidence of neonatal near miss and its associated factors in the early neonatal period in a tertiary hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a longitudinal study where all the cases of early neonatal near miss and early neonatal mortality were documented over a 1-year period. A face-validated structured questionnaire was used to collect information from mothers. The data were described using proportions, mean, and standard deviation. Regression analysis and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were used to identify the determinants of early neonatal near miss. Results: The study was conducted among 210 neonates born to 197 mothers. The neonatal near miss rate in our study was found to be 75.43/1000 live births. The total live births during the study period were 2784. The most common cause of near miss was identified as birth weight of <1750 g. The absence of antenatal ultrasound scans (aOR 6.124), anemia (aOR 3.945), preterm premature rupture of the membranes (aOR 3.136), presence of oligohydramnios (aOR 3.624), and malpresentation (aOR 5.581) was independent determinants of early neonatal near miss. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the importance of better antenatal care including prevention of anemia, screening and management of high-risk cases, and antenatal complications to avoid the incidence of near miss.
Solid Circulating Velocity Measurement in a Liquid–Solid Micro-Circulating Fluidised Bed

Liquid–solid circulating fluidised beds (CFB) possess many qualities which makes them useful for industrial operations where particle–liquid contact is vital, e.g., improved heat transfer performance, and consequent uniform temperature, limited back mixing, exceptional solid–liquid contact. Despite this, circulating fluidised beds have seen no application in the micro-technology context. Liquid–solid micro circulating fluidised bed (µCFBs), which basically involves micro-particles fluidisation in fluidised beds within the bed of cross-section or inner diameter at the millimetre scale, could find potential applications in the area of micro-process and microfluidics technology. From an engineering standpoint, it is vital to know the solid circulating velocity, since that dictates the bed capability and operability as processing equipment. Albeit there are several studies on solid circulating velocity measurement in CFBs, this article is introducing the first experimental study on solid circulating velocity measurement in a CFB at micro-scale. The experimental studies were done in a novel micro-CFB which was fabricated by micro milling machining 1 mm2 cross-section channels in Perspex and in a 4 mm2 cross-section micro-CFB made by additive manufacturing technology. Soda-lime glass and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) micro-particles were employed as solid materials and tap water as the liquid medium. The digital particle image velocimetry (PIV) method was used as a measurement technique to determine the particle velocity in the micro-CFB system and validated by the valve accumulation technique using a novel magnetic micro-valve. The measured critical transition velocity, Ucr, is comparable to the particle terminal velocity, i.e., the normalised transition velocity is approximately 1 in line with macroscopic systems results and our previous study using simple visual observation. As in macroscopic CFB systems, Ucr decreased with solid inventory (1–9%) and finally becomes stable when the solid inventory is high enough (10–25%) and it increases with a reduction in particle size and density.
That’s Private! Understanding Travelers’ Privacy Concerns and Online Data Disclosure

Against the backdrop of advancements in technology and its deployment by companies and governments to collect sensitive personal information, information privacy has become an issue of great interest for academics, practitioners, and the general public. The travel and tourism industry has been pioneering the collection and use of biometric data for identity verification. Yet, privacy research focusing on the travel context is scarce. This study developed a valid measurement of Travelers’ Online Privacy Concerns (TOPC) through a series of empirical studies: pilot (n=277) and cross-validation (n=287). TOPC was then assessed for its predictive validity in its relationships with trust, risk, and intention to disclose four types of personal data: biometric, identifiers, biographic, and behavioral data (n=685). Results highlight the role of trust in mitigating the relationship between travelers’ privacy concerns and data disclosure. This study provides valuable contribution to research and practice on data privacy in travel.
Soil Organic Matter, Mitigation of and Adaptation to Climate Change in Cocoa–Based Agroforestry Systems

Belowground roles of agroforestry in climate change mitigation (C storage) and adaptation (reduced vulnerability to drought) are less obvious than easy-to-measure aspects aboveground. Documentation on these roles is lacking. We quantified the organic C concentration (Corg) and soil physical properties in a mountainous landscape in Sulawesi (Indonesia) for five land cover types: secondary forest (SF), multistrata cocoa–based agroforestry (CAF) aged 4–5 years (CAF4), 10–12 years (CAF10), 17–34 years (CAF17), and multistrata (mixed fruit and timber) agroforest (MAF45) aged 45–68 years. With four replicate plots per cover type, we measured five pools of C-stock according to IPCC guidelines, soil bulk density (BD), macro porosity (MP), hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and available water capacity of the soil (AWC). The highest C-stock, in SF, was around 320 Mg ha−1, the lowest, 74 Mg ha−1, was in CAF4, with the older agroforestry systems being intermediate with 120 to 150 Mg ha−1. Soil compaction after forest conversion led to increased BD and reduced MP, Ks, and AWC. Older agroforestry partly recovered buffering: AWC per m of rooted soil profile increased by 5.7 mm per unit (g kg−1) increase of Corg. The restored AWC can support about a week’s worth of evapotranspiration without rain, assisting in climate change adaptation.
Monetary Policy Disturbance in India: The Relationships Among Money, Output and Prices

The study examines the relationships among money supply, output and prices. Quarterly data were sourced from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, which spanned from 1996 Q2 to 2019 Q1. Four variables were included in the study: GDP, inflation (Consumer Price Index [CPI]) and two measures of money supply (M1 and M3). The findings of the study reveal that money supply is correlated with India’s output as well as inflation. Johansen’s test of co-integration reveals the existence of a long-term relationship among the variables. Another striking finding of this study is that neither M1 nor M3 could cause output (GDP) in the short run, but both Granger-cause inflation in the short run, which may be attributed to the output growth capacity limit of the country. The monetary policy disturbance in relation to other variables was examined through a structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model that indicates that the two measures of money supply exert a positive impact on GDP. Similarly, the finding also shows that a monetary policy shock from the two measures of money supply causes a positive and continuous increase in inflation in India. Thus, money supply measure M3 is a potential indicator of movement in India’s output; hence the monetary authority should be mindful of inflation while targeting output expansion through money supply.
Feedback behaviour and preference in university academic English courses: associations with English language self-efficacy

Abstract While there has been much research detailing how English as a foreign language (EFL) students attending English for academic purposes (EAP) courses struggle with a wide array of challenges when adjusting to university English-medium instruction, how these students use feedback to self-regulate their academic English learning and what contributes to or hinders this remain unknown. This study investigates Chinese university students’ feedback behaviour and preferences in academic English course settings and their associations with English language self-efficacy within the context of recent feedback research in higher education. Apart from a dominant preference for teacher evaluative feedback, the students were found to be more likely to act on teacher feedback than to proactively seek feedback. English language self-efficacy was also shown to have significant influence on both feedback behaviour and preference. In the light of these results, this paper argues for a pressing need to extend the notion of feedback in academic English courses from viewing it as information transmission or ‘telling’ to recognising it as an iterative process whereby students make sense of information from various sources and use it to enhance their academic English learning.
Association between A1298C and C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms and the risk of acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemia

Background: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme involved in folate metabolism, DNA methylation and synthesis. Two MTHFR polymorphisms, C677T and A1298C, have been associated with reduced enzyme activity. Rapidly replicating cell types, such as hematopoietic cells, may be especially sensitive to changes in the availability of intracellular folate. The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate whether the mentioned polymorphisms in MTHFR gene plays a role in altering susceptibility to acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Material and methods: 281 patients comprising 101 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 180 patients with acute myeloid leukemia as well as 490 normal individuals as control group were studied for the C677T and the A1298C MTHFR gene polymorphisms using PCR. The PCR products were digested with HinfI and MboII restriction enzymes respectively (RFLP). The results were electrophoresed on agaros gel and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The number of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had C677T polymorphism was less than the control group, but this difference was not significant. Also, combination of C677T/A1298C genotypes in both case and control groups, showed no increase of susceptibility to acute myeloid leukemia and/or acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk. There was no significant relationship between common MTHFR variants and the risk of acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in controls and the cases. Conclusion: Our findings showed that the MTHFR C677T and A1298C gene variants do not have a major influence on the susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia in Iranian individuals. However, the C677T polymorphism has a protection role in acute lymphoblastic leukemia group, but this difference was not statistically significant.