Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficiency enhancement in InGaN-based laser diodes using an optimized Al0.12Ga0.88N electron blocking layer

In this paper, a design for an electron blocking layer (EBL) is proposed to enhance the wall plug efficiency of InGaN-based laser diodes. Using calibrated 3D simulations (including thermal models), a comprehensive analysis of various design aspects (composition, thickness and p-doping) of EBLs is conducted, including their impact on carrier (electron and hole) wavefunction overlap and stimulated recombination rate in the quantum wells (QWs) along with the space charge density, electric field and free carrier absorption (FCA) at the interface of the p-side waveguide/EBL. The results indicate that Poole–Frenkel emission is vital for consideration of FCA in the p-doped layers of the epitaxial structure. Consequently, the proposed EBL design reduces electron overflow, improves hole injection, decreases the internal absorption losses and thus, enhances the internal quantum efficiency of the device. The threshold current is reduced from 230 mA to 205 mA as compared to the reference structure. The hole barrier is reduced by 23.93%. Hence, the output power is increased from 1.746 W to 1.95 W, and the voltage drop as well as the device temperature is reduced. These improvements enhance the efficiency from 37.4% of the reference structure to 42.1% in the proposed structure (corresponding to a bias current of 1 A).
High-Selectivity Growth of GaN Nanorod Arrays by Liquid-Target Magnetron Sputter Epitaxy

Selective-area grown, catalyst-free GaN nanorod (NR) arrays grown on Si substrates have been realized using liquid-target reactive magnetron sputter epitaxy (MSE). Focused ion beam lithography (FIBL) was applied to pattern Si substrates with TiNx masks. A liquid Ga target was sputtered in a mixture gas of Ar and N2, ranging the N2 partial pressure (PN₂) ratio from 100% to 50%. The growth of NRs shows a strong correlation with PN₂ on the selectivity, coalescence, and growth rate of NRs in both radial and axial directions. The growth rate of NRs formed inside the nanoholes increases monotonically with PN₂. The PN₂ ratio between 80% and 90% was found to render both a high growth rate and high selectivity. When the PN₂ ratio was below 80%, multiple NRs were formed in the nanoholes. For a PN₂ ratio higher than 90%, parasitic NRs were grown on the mask. An observed dependence of growth behavior upon the PN₂ ratio is attributed to a change in the effective Ga/N ratio on the substrate surface, as an effect of impinging reactive species, surface diffusivity, and residence time of adatoms. The mechanism of NR growth control was further investigated by studying the effect of nanoholes array pitch and growth temperature. The surface diffusion and the direct impingement of adatoms were found to be the dominant factors affecting the lateral and axial growth rates of NR, respectively, which were well elucidated by the collection area model.
Floristic similarity between adult and saplings strata of Caatinga hyperxerophilous woody vegetation – a Brazilian seasonally tropical dry forest

In the Caatinga, the maintenance of forest ecosystems depends on natural regeneration and several factors that can act in two ways: 1) provide the perpetuation of communities composed of few species that dominate the adult and saplings strata, resulting in floristic similarities; 2) provide local differentiation between adult and saplings strata. However, these relationships remain poorly understood, as it is not known whether the factors acting on a local scale favor the floristic similarity between the adult and saplings strata or if these patterns are found in conserved and anthropized areas. This work evaluated the floristic similarity between the adult and saplings strata of hyperxerophilous caatinga woody-shrubby vegetation in conserved and anthropized areas. In two areas of conserved and anthropized hyperxerophilous Caatinga, adult and saplings individuals were measured and floristic richness and qualitative floristic similarity were evaluated. The floristic similarity between the adult and saplings strata was statistically compared using the Chao-Sørensen index. In both sites, although there was a large number of species exclusive to the adult stratum, the Chao-Sørensen index indicates high floristic similarity between strata. The analysis of this behavior together with the assessment of community structure shows that few species can be responsible for the key processes that structure and control the main mechanisms of persistence of these ecosystems. This can be attributed to the existence of locally uniform conditions that can define the dominance of adapted species groups. 1. Postgraduate Program in Forest Science, Paulista State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”; Botucatu, Brazil; marceloslucena@hotmail.com 2. Department of Plant Science, Federal Rural University of Semiarid; Mossoró, Brazil; alan.holanda@ufersa.edu. br, allyson@ufersa.edu. br Similitud florística entre estratos adultos y en regeneración de vegetación leñosa hiperxerófila de Caatinga – un bosque seco tropical brasileño Floristic similarity between adult and saplings strata of Caatinga hyperxerophilous woody vegetation – a Brazilian seasonally tropical dry forest
Scalability in Platforms for Local Groceries: An Examination of Indirect Network Economies

Despite a significant rise in consumer interest in local foods, supply constraints limit access to these products in many markets. Online platforms for local foods may help solve these constraints. However, to our knowledge, there is no empirical research on the economic viability of these platforms. We study this problem by analyzing a two‐sided platform subject to indirect network effects. If present, these effects will create a virtuous cycle where consumers’ demand for products sold through the platform rises in the number of vendors and suppliers’ demand for product distribution through the platform increases in consumer demand. In the case of our study's platform, analyses reveal the existence of indirect network effects, as consumers prefer a variety of local vendors and vendors derive greater surplus from greater consumer demand. Therefore, platforms like the one we analyze may serve as viable alternatives for the commercialization of local foods, and could provide greater access to these products. Importantly, however, our analysis also reveals the existence of not only nonlinearities in the strength of indirect network effects, but also non‐monotonic effects. Non‐monotonicity derives from consumers’ attraction to the platform marginally decreasing in the number of local vendors and from the existence of marginally increasing costs as more of these vendors join in. As a result, indirect network economies are subject to a cap imposed by the number of vendors participating in these platforms. Through counterfactual simulations, we evaluate the magnitude of this constraint and offer recommendations on how to minimize its impact. Author Video
Mentors’ Experience in Teaching Basic Science Concepts in the Community Outreach Program, Anatomy Academy: A Phenomenological Study

This paper analyzes the lived experience of Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students participating in the service-learning program, Anatomy Academy. To understand this experience, we performed a phenomenological analysis using the reflections of 31 DPT students as they participated as Mentors to 5th grade elementary students. Mentors used active learning strategies to teach topics of anatomy, physiology, and nutrition in small groups. After each teaching experience, Mentors responded to writing prompts as a way to reflect upon these experiences. From these reflections, three overarching themes emerged in describing the Mentors’ experience. Our results showed that the Mentors developed an understanding of the power in learning through realworld situations, grew in their ability to work with others, and developed an enhanced personal awareness of self and society. This study emphasizes the importance of service learning in the graduate education of DPT students as they progress to become competent health care professionals. https://doi.org/ 10.21692/haps.2020. 017
The Spillover Effect between Carbon Emission Trading (CET) Price and Power Company Stock Price in China

The power sector is one of the major contributors to China’s carbon emissions, and its low-carbon transformation is of vital importance to China’s long-term sustainable development. This paper aims to investigate the spillover effect between the carbon emission trading (CET) market and power sector in China from a systematic perspective. We adopted the recently developed method of connectedness network and rolling window approach, and found that: (i) during our sample period, the total static spillover index and the average of total dynamic spillover indexes were 60.5735% and 57.9704%, respectively, and the spillover effect of this carbon-power system was relatively strong; (ii) there is weak bidirectional spillover effect between the CET market and the power sector, and the CET market is a net receiver of the information from the power sector; (iii) the CET market may exert a relatively high degree of impact on the power sector occasionally; (iv) for regulated power companies, their interactions with the carbon-power system may be related to its total holding installed capacity and the proportion of renewable energy installed. This study provides implications for policymakers, company managers, and market participants.
Human Cognition to Analyse Alcohol Use Disorder and Correlation with Internet Gaming Disorder

Playing games always been interest in child and adolescent. Technology specially internet given new dimension to gaming and over the decade gaming over internet attracted major percentage of player. Excessive gaming when not controlled also lead to the behavioral dysfunction along with physiological issues. World Health Organization (WHO) has added Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) as potential mental disorder recently in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as research field to include in main manual. Research in this field gained interest, but about diagnostic criteria debate is still on in research group. For diagnosis of IGD, not only subjective symptoms but its underlying neurobiology needs to be included. Major behavioral addiction shares its symptoms with different addiction, which can be seen into IGD and Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) also. In this paper, we aim to identify potential biomarkers to explore relationships between AUD and IGD symptoms using EEG signals recordings. Noise and other artifacts are removed during pre-processing and bands splitted in intermediate steps of proposed method. Spectral features are potential indicator in EEG data, for all five EEG bands power spectral density is computed and visible difference found in mean power on most of the channels for all bands. Across theta and beta bands, mean absolute power is greatly reduced in the frontal and prefrontal brain region. The results indicate symptoms are matching with impulsive behavior. Based on statistical analysis across we found similarities in EEG features in terms of emotional imbalance, high arousal, slow response inhibition and our study indicate Alcohol Use Disorder and IGD are correlated.
Understanding Wetlands Stratigraphy: Geophysics and Soil Parameters for Investigating Ancient Basin Development at Lake Duvensee

We present a case study of a bog showing how an integrated approach of multi-method geophysical sounding and local soil sampling can be used to identify, differentiate, and map organic sediments. Our study is based on ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and shear-wave seismic (SH seismic) profiling applied to sediments of the former Lake Duvensee (northern Germany), nowadays a bog. This is a well-known locality for remains from the Mesolithic hunter-gatherers’ occupation that has been attracting archaeological and geoarchaeological research for100 years. The bog is embedded in low conductive glacial sand and is characterized by layers of different gyttja sediments (detritus and calcareous). The present study was conducted in order to identify the bog morphology and the thickness of the peat body and lake sediments, in order to understand the basin evolution. To validate the geophysical results, derived from surface measurements, drilling, soil analyses as well as borehole guided wave analysis of electromagnetic waves and Direct-Push (DP-EC) have been carried out and used for comparison. It turned out that each method can distinguish between sediments that differ in grain size, particularly between peat, lake sediments (gyttjas and mud) and basal glacial sand deposits. GPR is even able to separate between strongly and weakly decomposed peat layers, which is also clear considering resistivity variations in the ERT computation. From the association between geophysical properties and sediment analysis (e.g., water content and organic matter) different gyttjas were distinguished (coarse and fine) and seismic velocity was correlated to bulk density. Moreover, GPR and SH-wave seismics present different resolutions, confirming that the latter allows measurements, which are more focused on determining the extension of basal sand deposits, the depth of which is difficult to reach with GPR. Representative values of electrical resistivity, dielectric permittivity, and shear wave velocity have been determined for each sediment type and are therefore available to complete the investigation of wetland environments. Fine grained lake sediments were difficult to differentiate by the applied methods. This could be a result of high ionic concentration within the permanent groundwater body, partly masking the sediment properties.
An Evaluation of Formate as an Electron Donor to Facilitate Palladium (PD) - Catalyzed Destruction of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Abstract : The focus of this study was to detennine the effectiveness of using a palladium (Pd) catalyst with fonnate as a reductant to treat CAlI-contaminated groundwater. TCE was used as a model CAll. Other investigato^ have focused on hydrogen gas (Hv as a reductant to treat CAlI-contaminated groundwater. However, when using H2as a reductant, catalyst deactivation is observed due to the production of hydrochloric acid. In this study, fonnic acid was used as the reductant,resulting in no observed catalyst deactivation even at high contaminant concentrations. Reaction rates achieved when using 100% H2 as a reductant could be matched by using 4 rnM (184 mg/L) fonnic acid. At increased fonnic acid concentrations,system performance exceeded performance achievable when using H2. It is also noted that while hydrogen is an explosive, low solubility gas, fonnic acid can easily and safely be added to contaminated water. The aforementioned work has shown that this method for treating CAlI-contaminated groundwater by using fonnic acid and a Pd-catalyst is more efficient, safe, and less costly than using hydrogen gas as a reductant.
Adolescents’ goals, self-efficacy, and positive emotions – how important is the learning context?

ABSTRACT Fostering adolescents’ self-efficacy and positive emotions through learning contexts which induce beneficial achievement goals can prevent motivational decline in adolescents. Achievement goal theory states that the learning context and gender moderate the interplay of self-efficacy, emotions, and achievement goals. This study compared female and male students in teacher-directed learning (TL) with those of students in a learning context based on self-directed learning (SL). With data gathered from questionnaires completed by 828 adolescents (7th/8th grades; MAge = 13.6; SD = .88), latent mean comparison revealed that female as well as male adolescents in SL report higher means in mastery goals and positive emotions. Results of multigroup structural equation modeling showed that for both female and male students in SL, solely mastery goals are significantly related to both positive emotions and self-efficacy, whereas boys and girls in TL showed different associations: In particular, boys in TL seem to have disadvantageous patterns based on work avoidance orientation.
An Analysis of the Success Factors for Passenger Boarding Enthusiasm for Low-Cost Regional Airline Routes

Airports are important air transportation facilities, providing cargo transportation, aircraft takeoff and landing, and passenger services. Trade liberalization and globalization along with shifting economies and trading focuses have led to the rapid growth of airline and cargo transportation in Asia-Pacific regions. Therefore, Asian countries are constantly expanding and improving their airport facilities. Thus, improving and measuring airline service quality has attracted significant research attention in recent years. The Chinese Government has also actively promoted low-cost tourism, although competition in low-cost carrier markets was bound to be fierce. This not only promoted tourism industries but also attracted many foreign visitors to taking low-cost carriers to China for sightseeing. With international oil prices and regional economy issues, full-service carriers face considerable operational pressure on cost and competition. This study used the fuzzy delphi and decision making trial and evaluation laboratory methods to explore and analyze key factors for passengers choosing low-cost airlines. We considered passengers using U Airlines to travel from Shanghai to Taiwan (Taoyuan, Kaohsiung Far) and investigated service quality, low-price strategies, switching costs, and boarding willingness factors. We found that boarding willingness and service quality were strongly relevant to passenger satisfaction. Service quality should be prioritized, followed by switching cost, to enhance passenger boarding willingness. Low-cost regional airlines need to prioritize improving service quality empathy and service quality responsiveness with limited resources. Performance indicators such as willingness, service quality assurance, and service quality reliability showed significant benefits for overall service performance and passenger boarding willingness.
Study of the Relationship Between Hearing Loss and Cognitive Performance at Chronic Exposure to Noise

Background: Noise is considered as one of the most significant and dangerous physical factors in work environments, and due to the advancement of industries, it has become a threat to physical and psychological health in the current era. In addition to its undesirable effects on the hearing system, noise can have harmful non-auditory effects that may cause physiological disorders and cognitive impairment. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hearing loss and workers’ cognitive performance in an industrial environment. Methods: A total of 300 individuals were enrolled in this study after their informed consent was obtained, and their compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria was confirmed. Based on the sound intensity level, the individuals were classified into two groups of exposure to > 85 dB (n = 196) and ≤ 85 dB (n = 104). To measure the individuals’ occupational exposure at an 8-hour equivalent level based on the ISO 9612: 2009 standard, the Testo device (Model CEL-815) was used with the precision of 0.5 dB. The most common weighting that is used in noise measurement is A-weighting. Like the human ear, this effectively cuts off the lower and higher frequencies that the average person cannot hear. The DANPLEX-AS54 device was also used to check audiometry. To investigate the workers’ hearing performance, two psychological tests, namely Stroop and TOL, were used as well. Results: Hearing loss was higher among workers exposed to a sound intensity level of > 85 dB than those exposed to a sound intensity level of ≤ 85 dB, and this difference was significant in all sound level frequencies (NIHL left ear: for ≤ 85 dB: 25.92 and for > 85 dB: 27.49) (NIHL right ear: for ≤ 85 dB: 27.62 and for > 85 dB: 29.50) (P value < 0.05). The results showed a significant positive relationship between cognitive indicators and hearing loss (P value < 0.05). Moreover, the study of cognitive indicators in the two groups revealed that the mean change of cognitive performance indicators was higher among subjects exposed to a higher sound intensity level (P value < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that noise-induced hearing loss in work environments had a significant positive relationship with cognitive indicators. In other words, an increase in the hearing loss level would result in changes in cognitive indicators such as number of errors and response time.
Building a community of writers in a university : an ethnographic study

This study investigates the role of a writing community in the development of academic lecturers’ writing practices in a new UK university, where teaching is prioritised and research is less prominent. In recent years this university has identified an improved position in the Research Excellence Framework (REF) as an institutional priority. The competing priorities encapsulated in this apparent shift in balance between teaching and research provided the backdrop for considering the challenges of building a writing culture in this context and investigating the role a writing group might play in such an endeavour. An ethnographic case-study approach was used to build a rich picture of the writing group and its activities over an extended period of time, drawing extensively on participants’ own words. The findings are presented as a series of stories, and they reveal the changes in writing practices that occurred as a result of participants’ involvement in a writing group. From a socio-cultural perspective, it is argued that the space within which the writing group occurred was socially constructed. To this end, theories of identity and space help to unravel the complex factors that affect the development of academics’ writing practices. The findings suggest that the writing group helped to establish writing as a priority for participants. It also changed the ways in which they thought about writing and about themselves as writers. The ethnographic approach revealed a detailed picture of its communal and dialogic nature. The space was shown to be instrumental in helping to define the nature and purpose of writing for the individual participants and the group as a whole. However, the findings also demonstrate that these changes proved difficult to sustain beyond the boundaries of the writing group, and that the reasons for this need to be set in the wider context of the institutional challenges facing new universities in the UK. The study concludes that the writing group provided a space where writing was legitimate and valued, and that its potential might be fully realised in an institutional context that articulates a clearly defined place for writing within its academic community.