Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Isotope Separation with Displacement Chromatography Using Cryptand Polymer

Chromatographic nitrogen isotope separation was experimentally studied in a break through manner. A solution of 0.4 mol.dm-3 NH4C1 in methanol was continuously fed at 0.12, 0.25 and 0.50 cm3.min-1 into a glass tube packed with cryptand(2B,2,1) polymer. The temperature of column was kept constant at 293 K by passing temperature-controlled water through a jacket. Nitrogen gas was generated from the effluent reacted with Ca(ClO)2 solution after removing methanol by vacuum distillation, and the ratio of 14N15N to 14N14N was measured with a mass spectrometer (Finnigan MAT252). NH4Cl concentrations in the samples were gravimetrically determined. An enrichment factor, which is defined as an equilibrium separation factor minus unity was determined to be 0.0025±0.0013. A HETP (height equivalent to a theoretical plate) was evaluated 0.5±0.2cm at 14cm-h-1. This is the first report on nitrogen isotope separation with cryptand polymer.
Pumping of dielectric liquids using non-uniform-field induced electrohydrodynamic flow

We present a method of pumping dielectric (or non-polar) liquids. The pumping method relies on the electrohydrodynamic flow generated by field dependent electrical conductivity (Onsager effect). Adding a small amount of polar liquid increases the field-dependency of conductivity. Applying either dc or ac voltage produces a fast and regular flow around electrodes. Flow speed is proportional to cube of electric-field strength and inversely to applied frequency. The experimental results agreed well with numerical analysis based on our theoretical model.
Effect of package light transmittance on vitamin content of milk. Part 2: UHT whole milk

This work is the second part of a milk study evaluating the effect of package light transmittance on the vitamin content of milk, in this case on UHT whole milk. The milk was stored at three different light intensities in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles with varying light transmittance as described by Saffert et al. (2006). Changes in the vitamin A, B2 and D3 content were monitored over a storage period of 12 weeks at 23°C. Losses in vitamins A and B2 were most pronounced in completely transparent PET bottles exposed to the highest light intensity. In these bottles, a reduction of the light intensity reduced the vitamin A loss from 88 to 66%, while in the case of vitamin B2 the complete decomposition was just delayed from 4 to 8 weeks storage. The vitamin D3 losses in clear PET bottles were almost independent of the light intensity. For pigmented PET bottles, the impact of package light transmittance and light intensity differed for each vitamin. An increase in package light transmittance and light intensity was found to be most decisive for vitamin B2 stability. In the case of vitamin D3, only the increase in light intensity was found to be of relevance, whereas for vitamin A stability the influence of increased package light transmittance and light intensity could not be clearly observed. In dark‐stored ‘control’ samples, the analysed vitamins were almost stable. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro hydrolytic degradation of centrifugally spun polyhydroxybutyrate–pectin composite fibres

BACKGROUND: Centrifugal spinning is a novel fibre-forming process that readily permits the incorporation of additives while avoiding the thermal damage often associated with conventional melt spinning. Centrifugal spinning of a viscous solution of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) mixed with pectin was used to fabricate a range of fibres containing different concentrations of this biologically active agent. The influence of this blending on fibre morphology and in vitro degradation in an accelerated hydrolytic model at 70 ? C and pH of 10.6 is reported. RESULTS: Blending influenced the physiochemical properties of the fibres, andthis significantly affected thedegradation profile of both the fibre and its PHB constituent. A greater influence on degradation was exerted by the type of pectin and its degree of esterification than by variations in its loading. CONCLUSION: Centrifugal spinning permits the fabrication of composite fibrous matrices from PHB and pectin. Incorporation of the polysaccharide into the fibres can be used to manipulate degradation behaviour and demonstrates a model for doping of matrices with active biological constituents. The unique features of the centrifugal spinning process, as illustrated by the structure of the fibres and the degradation profiles, suggest possible applications of centrifugally spun biopolymers as wound scaffolding devices and in tissue engineering.
Electron Mobility in Hg1−xCdxTe

The electron mobility in Hg1−xCdxTe has been obtained from Hall and resistivity measurements for x as high as 0.6, and in samples with carrier concentrations generally less than 2×1015/cm3. The room‐temperature mobility was found to increase uniformly, as x was varied from CdTe, to a maximum value at the semiconductor‐semimetal transition. With further reduction in x the mobility drops uniformly again to the HgTe value. Estimates are made of the contributions of various scattering mechanisms to the room‐temperature mobility. The effects of optical‐mode scattering were calculated for a nondegenerate parabolic band and were the right order of magnitude for compositions as low as x=0.20, but failed to fit the measured results accurately. The ionized impurity scattering mobility was also calculated, and the model of singly ionized donor scattering centers accounts very well for the low‐temperature mobility. The results indicate that n‐type Hg1−xCdxTe is not compensated to any large extent over a large range i.
Characterization of graft-modified porous polymer membranes

Porous poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes were graft modified with acrylic acid by radiation-induced grafting utilizing electron beam. When the grafted membranes were characterized by the measurements of convective permeability, diffusion, and ion exchange properties, the membranes showed properties of variable permeability membranes with respect to the permeability of solvent and the ionic semipermeability. The permeability for the studied membranes (extent of grafting varied from 0 to 93 wt %) can be controlled by the ionic strength and pH of the permeate. The more grafted the membranes are the greater are the changes in the permeability; e.g., for the extent of grafting of 85 wt % the permeability increases ca. 4 orders of magnitude when the electrolyte concentration is increased from 10 mM to 1 M. The membranes with the extent of grafting of ca. 10 wt % or more appeared to have equal charge density on the pore walls resulting in the same cation transference number.
Dissolution of fibre material in alkaline pre-treatment and refining of spruce CTMP

Abstract The chemistry of chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP) was assessed by chemical pre-treatment of spruce chips, followed by laboratory-scale refining. Pre-treatments with alkali, sulfite, alkaline sulfite and alkaline peroxide liquors were carried out at 40°C, 60°C and 80°C. The sodium hydroxide dosages were 1% and 2% and the sodium sulfite and hydrogen peroxide dosages were 2%, 4% and 6% on a dry wood basis. Process water samples were taken before and after refining. Alkali consumption in the pre-treatments and the amount and composition of released wood components were determined. A major part of the alkali was consumed in the alkaline and alkaline sulfite pre-treatments. In the alkaline peroxide pre-treatments, however, alkali consumption was considerably lower. Acetic acid was the main wood component released to the process waters in alkaline pre-treatments. Pectins, determined as galacturonic acid and rhamnose by acid methanolysis, were also released to some extent, as well as easily soluble polysaccharides. After fibre separation in refining, more hemicelluloses and pectins were released. There was a significant difference between the degree of demethylation for pectins and the degree of deacetylation for galactoglucomannans after the pre-treatments. The diffusion of chemicals into the secondary wall layers seemed to be slower than the liquor penetration into the porous middle lamella through the pit pores. Up to 10% of the pectins were dissolved in the process waters as a result of depolymerisation and extensive demethylation. The residual amount of pectins in the fibres, however, was determined to be as low as 65–70% of the initial pectin content.
Chemical characteristics and kraft pulping response of Hibiscus cannabinus bast

筑波大学農林技術センターで栽培したケナフ（Hibiscus cannabinus）を三つの部分（上部，中部，下部）に分けた。 さらに，これを靭皮と木部に分け，それぞれのタンパク質，リグニンおよび炭水化物の分析を行い，化学的特徴を明らかにした。 木部の下部は，靭皮および木部の上部よりリグニンとキシランの含有率が著しく高かった。 木部ではリグニンの蓄積にともなってシリンギル/グアイアシル（S/V）比が高くなり，非縮合型構造に富むことが示唆された。 ケナフ靭皮とアカシア，ユーカリおよびスギ材のクラフト・AQ蒸解性を比較したところ，ケナフ靭皮のリグニン含有率はアカシア材より低いにもかかわらず，脱リグニン選択性は良好ではなかった。 しかし，ケナフ靭皮パルプは酸素漂白においてカッパー価が容易に低下し，良好な白色度を与えた。
Assessment of uranium and selenium speciation in human and bacterial biological models to probe changes in their structural environment

Abstract This study illustrates the potential of physicochemical techniques to speciate uranium (U) and selenium (Se) in biological samples. Speciation, defined here as the study of structural environment, of both toxic elements, was characterized at several levels in biological media and directly in human cells or bacteria once the metal(loid)s were internalized. External speciation that is extracellular speciation in culture media was predicted by thermodynamic equilibrium computer modelling using the JChess software and validated by spectroscopic measurements (XANES and EXAFS). Internal speciation that is intracellular speciation in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells was studied in vitro with a soil bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34 and ROS 17/2.8 osteoblasts, human cells responsible for bone formation. XANES, EXAFS, HPLC-ICP-MS and SDS-PAGE coupled to particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) permitted the identification and quantification of complexes formed with organic or inorganic molecules and/or larger proteins.
Mathematical Modelling of Powder Coating Polymer Extrusion in Self-Wiping Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruder

The objective of this research paper is to present a unified approach for modelling and quantifying the flow, geometrical and process parameters in the local zones of the self-wiping co-rotating twin-screw extruder operated without a die as applied in the production of powder coatings in order to aid optimisation of the process. To achieve this, the flow dynamics is modelled by analysis of the velocity profile in the forward and reverse screw elements that are prevalent, from which the local drag and pressure flow rate, degree of fill in the screw channel and residence time can be determined. A new modelling approach for the flow profile in kneading disc elements is proposed. The Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow cases were considered. A model for calculating the non-Newtonian viscosity was also proposed. With these strategies proposed, it is seen that it is possible to quantify the local geometrical and flow parameters, which influence processing of powder coatings in the self-wiping co-rotating twin-screw extruder without recourse to experimental data. Index– Drag flow rate, pressure flow rate, degree of fill, mean residence time, mean time delay, feed rate, screw speed.
Temporal Distribution and Periodicity in Hawksbill Turtles ( Eretmochelys imbricata ) Nesting at Cousin Island , Republic of Seychelles , I 9 Tl-1997

Ansrnrcr. We report on 27 years (1971-97) of data collected on nesting hawksbills (Eretmochelys imbricata) at Cousin Island, Seychelles, the site of what may be the most intensive long-term study of a hawksbill rookery. Nesting beach surveys indicated 75.87o of recorded emergences occurred between 24 October and 23 January, coinciding with peak annual rainfall; and > 85Vo occurred during daylight hours. Since 1973,463 of632tagged turtles were identified during 2970 subsequent nesting emergences. The maximum recorded interval between first and last observed nestings was 17-20 years. Estimated mean clutch frequency per season was at least 3.6 (up to a possible 7 per turtle), with a mean of 15.1 days between clutches. Turtles made 1.8 recorded nesting attempts per clutch, with attempts early in the season being relatively less successful. Previously tagged remigrant females laid significantly more recorded clutches per season than untagged neophyte turtles, but the difference may not be age-related. For individual turtles identified during two to seven separate nesting seasons, we detected no change in clutch frequency over time as measured by interval lengths (i.e., remigration intervals) separating successive nesting seasons. Our data show that the predominance of relatively short twoand three-year remigration intervals was not an artifact of tag loss, although the proportion of intervals greater than seven years may be underestimated. Diurnal behavior combined with a high frequency of nesting emergences make Seychelles hawksbills particularly vulnerable to exploitation, but high clutch frequency can also enable significant increases in nesting activity at sites where turtles are protected.
Biomass-derived heat-resistant alicyclic hydrocarbon polymers: poly(terpenes) and their hydrogenated derivatives

Naturally-occurring terpenes, such as (−)-β-pinene and (−)-α-phellandrene, were cationically polymerized and subsequently hydrogenated into stable alicyclic hydrocarbon polymers with a rigid backbone. In contrast to the already known poly(terpenes), the hydrogenated poly(β-pinene) with a high molecular weight (Mw > 50 000) showed a high glass transition temperature (Tg = 130 °C) and degradation temperature (10% loss at > 400 °C), suggesting new promising biomass-derived materials for practical use.
The Protective Capacity of Normal High Density Lipoprotein against Lipid Oxidation

he purposes of this study were to determine how strenuous, fatiguing running exercise affects: 1) selective thyroid hormones, and 2) the relationship of glucocorticoid responses to such exercise with thyroid hormones. Materials and Methods: Well-trained subjects (n=12) performed a treadmill run at individual ventilatory threshold (74±8% of maximal aerobic capacity) until volitional fatigue (68.3±12.3 min). Blood samples were taken before exercise as a resting baseline (B0), at fatigue (FG), 90-minutes into recovery (90mR), and 24-hours into recovery (24hR). Blood was analyzed for free T3 (fT3), free T4 (fT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and cortisol. Results: Significant increases in fT3 and TSH concentrations between B0 and FG (fT3= 1.70 pg/mL vs. 2.08 pg/mL; TSH=1.69 μIU/mL vs. 2.43 μIU/mL, p<0.01) were observed, but by 24hR, significant decreases from B0 were present (fT3 and TSH=1.48 pg/mL and 1.20 μIU/ml, respectively; p<0.05). FG fT4 demonstrated a nonsignificant increase from B0 (FG fT4=1.84 ng/dL) but by 24hR fT4 was significantly lower than FG (24hR fT4=1.67 ng/dL, p<0.01). FG cortisol levels increased significantly from B0 (476.1 to 843.9 nmol/L, p <0.01) and remained elevated at 90mR (892.2 nmol/L) but returned to baseline by 24hR. Spearman correlation analysis yielded a significant negative correlation between FG cortisol and 24hR TSH (r= -0.65, p<0.05). A strong trend was also noted between FG cortisol and 24hR ft3 (r = -0.55, p<0.07). Conclusion: These findings suggest that exhaustive exercise decreases the level of selective thyroid hormones by 24 hours into recovery, and that cortisol levels after fatiguing exercise are negatively related to circulating TSH at this point into recovery.
Effect of dual applied phosphorus and gypsum on wheat forage and grain yield

Abstract Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production on acid soils can be greatly affected by reduced phosphorus (P) availability. At low pH (below 5.5), iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) react with P to form highly insoluble compounds that severely reduce the amount of plant available P. Previous research suggested that supersaturating localized P fertilizer bands with respect to Ca2+ could induce precipitation of applied P as dicalcium phosphate (DCP) or dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) which would slowly become plant available with time. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dual‐band applications of P and gypsum on winter wheat forage and grain yield. Methods of application included P and gypsum banded with the seed, P and gypsum broadcast, and P banded and gypsum broadcast at rates of 29 and 58 kg P ha‐1 and 22 and 44 kg S as gypsum ha‐1. Sources of P included diammonium phosphate (DAP; 18–20–0) and triple superphosphate (TSP; 0–20–0). Grain and forage yields increased when P was applied. Dual‐band applications of P and gypsum increased wheat grain and forage yields compared to P banded without gypsum, and P banded and gypsum broadcast. When DAP was the P source, the N‐P band reduced yields compared to P banded alone or the N‐P‐gypsum band. This suggests that gypsum should be included in the band for maximum benefit. Precipitation of DCPD and DCP may have taken place within the dual P‐gypsum band, reducing fertilizer P fixed as Fe or Al hydroxides thus increasing long‐term P availability for winter wheat forage and grain production on acid soils.
Effect of General Anesthesia On Apgar Score In Relation To Induction-Delivery and Uterine-Delivery Interval

The anaesthetic drugs technique used in caesarean section should prevent fetal depressant resulting from passing of drugs through the maternal-placental barrier which can lead to adverse effects such as decreasing in Apgar score and respiratory depression in new born neonates. Apgar score is the first test given to newborn after delivery by caesarian section or normal vaginal delivery to evaluate a newborn physical condition after delivery and to determine any immediate need for extra medical or emergency care. To determine the effect of general anaesthetic drugs on the Apgar score of new-borns in relation to the induction-delivery interval and uterine delivery interval. One hundred healthy full term pregnant women underwent elective C/S, on left lateral position the pre induction with 100% oxygen by face mask, then start induction with minimum dose of Thiopentone (3mg/kg ) with ketamine (1mg/kg), followed by non-depolarization muscle relaxant atracurium(0. 5 mg/kg ). Endotracheal intubation was done and maintenance of anaesthesia with oxygen, 0.5% Halothane and atracurium (0. 1 mg/kg) till the end of surgery. Neostigmine (2.5 mg) and atropine (1.2mg) was given as antidote. During operation the heart rates, blood pressures and oxygen saturation (pulse oxymeter) were monitored. Oxytocin (20 units) or ergometrine (0.8 mg) is injected intravenously after clamping the cord, then (tramadol 75 mg + midazolam 5mg) was given. Induction- delivery interval and uterine-delivery interval was noted using a stopwatch. After delivery the baby’s Apgar score was noted at 1, 5 and 10 min. and proper resuscitation was done. Low Apgar score and low to moderate score at one minute was found when induction –delivery interval up to five minutes and more than 10 minutes also low and low to moderate score of infants when uterine – delivery interval more than 120 seconds. One minute Apgar score of infants were affected by induction-delivery time (≤ 5 min and > 10 min) and uterine –delivery interval (>120 sec).
In-vitro correlation between reduced scattering coefficient and hemoglobin concentration of human blood determined by near-infrared spectroscopy

We study the correlation between (mu) s' and THC obtained in vitro, in a highly scattering medium containing human blood. We used a frequency domain near infrared spectrometer (modulation frequency: 110 MHz, wavelengths: 758 and 830 nm) to measure in real time (acquisition time: 0.64 s) (mu) s' and THC. We used Liposyn suspension and red blood cells in saline buffer solution. After a couple of minutes of baseline acquisition, several consecutive increments of 3-5 ml blood were added to the solution yielding THC equals 15-100 (mu) M and (mu) a equals 0.03-0.3 1/cm. At the last amount of blood added, increments of glucose in the range of 0.5-20 g/L were added. For each step of blood and glucose added, data were acquired for a couple of minutes. This was repeated 6 times. Average of data was calculated for both (mu) s' and THC for each of the red blood cells and glucose increments added. We found a high correlation between (mu) s' and THC (0.018 X THC + 4.51, R2 equals 0.98 at 758 nm and 0.012 X THC + 4.86, R2 equals 0.97 at 830 nm). We studied the effect of glucose on (mu) s' and we found a high correlation between the glucose added to the suspension and the decrease in (mu) s' for the case of high glucose concentrations. The slope of this correlation is -0.011 at both wavelengths and the correlation factors were R2 X 0.96 at 830 nm and R2 equals 0.91 at 758 nm (case shown). The effect of glucose was less significant at 830 nm than at 758 nm in general. This work is a proof of principle for detection of (mu) s' changes with glucose. This approach also establishes limits for glucose detection in physiological conditions.
Racemic adsorption, antiracemization, and induction of optical activity of metal chelates in the presence of a colloidal clay

Etudes, a l'aide de mesures de spectres electroniques, de dichroisme electrique et de dichroisme circulaire, de l'adsorption d'un complexe metallique, optiquement actif sur une particule colloidale de montmorillonite sous forme Na. Le compose d'addition de l'argile avec le Λ-tris-(phenanthroline-1,10) ruthenium(II), (Λ-Ru(phen) 3 2+ ) admet l'adsorption de Δ-M(phen) 3 2+ , (M=Ru, Fe, Ni), mais pas celle de Λ-M(phen) 3 2+ en exces par rapport a la capacite d'echange de cations. Par suite d'une telle adsorption stereospecifique, les melanges racemiques des complexes metalliques labiles, tels que Co(phen) 3 2+ et Fe(phen) 3 2+ sont antiracemises en presence de Λ-Ru(phen) 3 2+ -montmorillonite (ou Δ-Ni(phen) 3 2+ -montmorillonite). Lorsqu'une molecule achirale, comme le cation Orange d'acridine est adsorbe sur Δ-Ni(phen) 3 2+ -montmorillonite, il y a induction d'activite optique dans le spectre electronique de l'adsorbat
Constructing Large Families of Pairwise Far Permutations: Good Permutation Codes Based on the Shuffle-Exchange Network

We consider the problem of eﬃciently constructing an as large as possible family of permutations such that each pair of permutations are far part (i.e., disagree on a constant fraction of their inputs). Speciﬁcally, for every n ∈ N , we present a collection of N = N ( n ) = ( n ! ) Ω(1) pairwise far apart permutations { π i : [ n ] → [ n ] } i ∈ [ N ] and a polynomial-time algorithm that on input i ∈ [ N ] outputs an explicit description of π i . From a coding theoretic perspective, we construct permutation codes of constant relative distance and constant rate along with eﬃcient encoding (and decoding) algorithms. This construction is easily extended to produce codes on smaller alphabets in which every codeword is balanced; namely, each symbol appears the same number of times. Our construction combines routing on the Shuﬄe-Exchange network with any good binary error correcting code. Speciﬁcally, we uses codewords of a good binary code in order to determine the switching instructions in the Shuﬄe-Exchange network.