Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of an Android-Based Self-Report Assessment for Elderly Driving Risk (SAFE-DR) App: Mixed Methods Study

Background Self-report assessments for elderly drivers are used in various countries for accessible, widespread self-monitoring of driving ability in the elderly population. Likewise, in South Korea, a paper-based Self-Report Assessment for Elderly Driving Risk (SAFE-DR) has been developed. Here, we implemented the SAFE-DR through an Android app, which provides the advantages of accessibility, convenience, and provision of diverse information, and verified its reliability and validity. Objective This study tested the validity and reliability of a mobile app-based version of a self-report assessment for elderly persons contextualized to the South Korean culture and compared it with a paper-based test. Methods In this mixed methods study, we recruited and interviewed 567 elderly drivers (aged 65 years and older) between August 2018 and May 2019. For participants who provided consent, the app-based test was repeated after 2 weeks and an additional paper-based test (Driver 65 Plus test) was administered. Using the collected data, we analyzed the reliability and validity of the app-based SAFE-DR. The internal consistency of provisional items in each subdomain of the SAFE-DR and the test-retest stability were analyzed to examine reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine the validity of the subdomain configuration. To verify the appropriateness of using an app-based test for older drivers possibly unfamiliar with mobile technology, the correlation between the results of the SAFE-DR app and the paper-based offline test was also analyzed. Results In the reliability analysis, Cronbach α for all items was 0.975 and the correlation of each item with the overall score ranged from r=0.520 to r=0.823; 4 items with low correlations were removed from each of the subdomains. In the retest after 2 weeks, the mean correlation coefficient across all items was r=0.951, showing very high reliability. Exploratory factor analysis on 40 of the 44 items established 5 subdomains: on-road (8 items), coping (16 items), cognitive functions (5 items), general conditions (8 items), and medical health (3 items). A very strong negative correlation of –0.864 was observed between the total score for the app-based SAFE-DR and the paper-based Driver 65 Plus with decorrelation scales. The app-based test was found to be reliable. Conclusions In this study, we developed an app-based self-report assessment tool for elderly drivers and tested its reliability and validity. This app can help elderly individuals easily assess their own driving skills. Therefore, this assessment can be used to educate drivers and for preventive screening for elderly drivers who want to renew their driver’s licenses in South Korea. In addition, the app can contribute to safe driving among elderly drivers.
Neuromechanics of Middle-Distance Running Fatigue: A Key Role of the Plantarflexors?

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. ABSTRACT Identifying the neuromechanical changes during high-intensity running to fatigue may highlight the biomechanical limitations to performance and indicate mitigation/training strategies. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the changes in lower limb kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation during a high-intensity run to fatigue (HIRF). Methods Eighteen male and female competitive middle-distance runners performed a HIRF on an instrumented treadmill at a constant but unsustainable middle-distance speed (~3 min) based on a preceding maximum oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) test. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were collected and compared between the start, 33%, 67%, and the end of the HIRF. In addition, the activation of eight lower limb muscles of each leg was measured with surface EMG (sEMG). Results Time to exhaustion was 181 ± 42 s. By the end of the HIRF (i.e., vs the start), ground contact time increased (+4.0%), whereas flight time (−3.2%), peak vertical ground reaction force (−6.1%), and vertical impulse (−4.1%) decreased (all P < 0.05), and joint angles at initial contact became more (dorsi)flexed (ankle, +1.9°; knee, +2.1°; hip, +3.6°; all P < 0.05). During stance, by the end of the HIRF: peak ankle plantarflexion moment decreased by 0.4 N·m·kg−1 (−9.0%), whereas peak knee extension moment increased by 0.24 N·m·kg−1 (+10.3%); similarly, positive ankle plantarflexion work decreased by 0.19 J·kg−1 (−13.9%), whereas positive knee extension work increased by 0.09 J·kg−1 (+33.3%; both P < 0.05) with no change in positive hip extension work. Hip extensor surface EMG amplitude increased during the late swing phase (+20.9–37.3%; P < 0.05). Conclusion Running at a constant middle-distance pace led primarily to the fatigue of the plantarflexors with a compensatory increase in positive work done at the knee. Improving the fatigue resistance of the plantarflexors might be beneficial for middle-distance running performance.
Neural representations of the amount and the delay time of reward in intertemporal decision making

Numerous studies have examined the neural substrates of intertemporal decision‐making, but few have systematically investigated separate neural representations of the two attributes of future rewards (i.e., the amount of the reward and the delay time). More importantly, no study has used the novel analytical method of representational connectivity analysis (RCA) to map the two dimensions' functional brain networks at the level of multivariate neural representations. This study independently manipulated the amount and delay time of rewards during an intertemporal decision task. Both univariate and multivariate pattern analyses showed that brain activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) and lateral frontal pole cortex (LFPC) was modulated by the amount of rewards, whereas brain activity in the DMPFC and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was modulated by the length of delay. Moreover, representational similarity analysis (RSA) revealed that even for the regions of the DMPFC that overlapped between the two dimensions, they manifested distinct neural activity patterns. In terms of individual differences, those with large delay discounting rates (k) showed greater DMPFC and LFPC activity as the amount of rewards increased but showed lower DMPFC and DLPFC activity as the delay time increased. Lastly, RCA suggested that the topological metrics (i.e., global and local efficiency) of the functional connectome subserving the delay time dimension inversely predicted individual discounting rate. These findings provide novel insights into neural representations of the two attributes in intertemporal decisions, and offer a new approach to construct task‐based functional brain networks whose topological properties are related to impulsivity.
Serum Neurofilament Dynamics Predicts Cognitive Progression in de novo Parkinson's Disease.

BACKGROUND Neurofilament light (NfL) can reflect the extent of neuron/axon damage, thus providing an opportunity to examine the severity and progression of the diseases with such damage. OBJECTIVE Whether serum NfL can be used as an indicator to monitor the cognitive progress of de novo Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. METHODS In this research, 144 healthy controls and 301 de novo PD patients from Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) were recruited. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the associations of baseline/longitudinal serum NfL with cognitive decline. Cox regression was used to detect cognitive progression in PD participants. RESULTS We found PD patients had higher serum NfL than controls at baseline (p = 0.031), and NfL increase was faster in PD group (p < 0.001). Both baseline serum NfL and its rate of change predicted measurable cognitive decline in early PD (MoCA, β= -0.014, p < 0.001; β= -0.002, p < 0.001, respectively). Additionally, we observed that NfL levels were also able to predict progression in different diagnostic groups and Amyloid- PD and Amyloid+PD groups. After an average follow-up of 6.37±1.84 years, the baseline NfL of the third tertile of high concentrations was associated with a future high risk of PD dementia (adjusted HR 6.33, 95% CI 2.62-15.29, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results indicated that the serum NfL concentration could function as an easily accessible biomarker to monitor the severity and progression of cognitive decline in PD.
Pressure measurement characteristics of a micro‐transducer and balloon catheters

Respiratory pressure responses to cervical magnetic stimulation are important measurements in monitoring the mechanical function of the respiratory muscles. Pressures can be measured using balloon catheters or a catheter containing integrated micro‐transducers. However, no research has provided a comprehensive analysis of their pressure measurement characteristics. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to provide a comparative analysis of these characteristics in two separate experiments: (1) in vitro with a reference pressure transducer following a controlled pressurization; and (2) in vivo following cervical magnetic stimulations. In vitro the micro‐transducer catheter recorded pressure amplitudes and areas which were in closer agreement to the reference pressure transducer than the balloon catheter. In vivo there was a main effect for stimulation power and catheter for esophageal (Pes), gastric (Pga), and transdiaphragmatic (Pdi) pressure amplitudes (p < 0.001) with the micro‐transducer catheter recording larger pressure amplitudes. There was a main effect of stimulation power (p < 0.001) and no main effect of catheter for esophageal (p = 0.481), gastric (p = 0.923), and transdiaphragmatic (p = 0.964) pressure areas. At 100% stimulator power agreement between catheters for Pdi amplitude (bias =6.9 cmH2O and LOA −0.61 to 14.27 cmH2O) and pressure areas (bias = −0.05 cmH2O·s and LOA −1.22 to 1.11 cmH2O·s) were assessed. At 100% stimulator power, and compared to the balloon catheters, the micro‐transducer catheter displayed a shorter 10–90% rise time, contraction time, latency, and half‐relaxation time, alongside greater maximal rates of change in pressure for esophageal, gastric, and transdiaphragmatic pressure amplitudes (p < 0.05). These results suggest that caution is warranted if comparing pressure amplitude results utilizing different catheter systems, or if micro‐transducers are used in clinical settings while applying balloon catheter‐derived normative values. However, pressure areas could be used as an alternative point of comparison between catheter systems.
Differential genetic influences over colorectal cancer risk and gene expression in large bowel mucosa

Site‐specific variation in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence, biology and prognosis are poorly understood. We sought to determine whether common genetic variants influencing CRC risk might exhibit topographical differences on CRC risk through regional differences in effects on gene expression in the large bowel mucosa. We conducted a site‐specific genetic association study (10 630 cases, 31 331 controls) to identify whether established risk variants exert differential effects on risk of proximal, compared to distal CRC. We collected normal colorectal mucosa and blood from 481 subjects and assessed mucosal gene expression using Illumina HumanHT‐12v4 arrays in relation to germline genotype. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) were explored by anatomical location of sampling. The rs3087967 genotype (chr11q23.1 risk variant) exhibited significant site‐specific effects—risk of distal CRC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20, P = 8.20 × 10−20) with negligible effects on proximal CRC risk (OR = 1.05, P = .10). Expression of 1261 genes differed between proximal and distal colonic mucosa (top hit PRAC gene, fold‐difference = 10, P = 3.48 × 10−57). In eQTL studies, rs3087967 genotype was associated with expression of 8 cis‐ and 21 trans‐genes. Four of these (AKAP14, ADH5P4, ASGR2, RP11‐342M1.7) showed differential effects by site, with strongest trans‐eQTL signals in proximal colonic mucosa (eg, AKAP14, beta = 0.61, P = 5.02 × 10−5) and opposite signals in distal mucosa (AKAP14, beta = −0.17, P = .04). In summary, genetic variation at the chr11q23.1 risk locus imparts greater risk of distal rather than proximal CRC and exhibits site‐specific differences in eQTL effects in normal mucosa. Topographical differences in genomic control over gene expression relevant to CRC risk may underlie site‐specific variation in CRC. Results may inform individualised CRC screening programmes.
Maltreatment Type Classifications and Transitions During Childhood for a California Birth Cohort

Childhood maltreatment involves dynamics between the type of maltreatment experienced and the context of maltreatment. Reports of alleged maltreatment to child protective services may overlap and shift over time, complicating understanding of their independent and interacting nature, including how child protection systems respond. Latent class analysis (LCA) and latent transition analysis (LTA) were used to construct data-based models of longitudinal dynamics of alleged maltreatment throughout childhood. We sought to identify patterns leading to system decisions to substantiate allegations of maltreatment and place children in foster care. Using linked birth and child protection records, we defined a cohort of children born in California in 1999, 29.4% of whom had at least one referral for alleged maltreatment before their 18th birthday. Maltreatment and perpetrator indicators were coded, and LCA identified five alleged maltreatment classes and one class of children without referrals. LTA determined consistency of classifications and estimated transitions between classes over age periods. Children with multitype maltreatment patterns or experiences of neglect were most likely to experience future maltreatment allegations. Estimated probabilities of placement indicated children with Multitype Maltreatment allegations were more likely to experience substantiated maltreatment allegations and out-of-home placements. Findings identify a repeatable method for better understanding complex systems.
ACT-enhanced group behavior therapy for trichotillomania and skin-picking disorder: A feasibility study.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of ACT-enhanced Group Behavior Therapy (AEGBT) for mixed diagnosis groups including patients with trichotillomania (TTM) and skin-picking disorder (SPD) in routine psychiatric care. METHOD Adult patients (N = 40) with TTM and/or SPD received 10 weeks of AEGBT followed by five booster sessions. The primary outcome measure for TTM was the Massachusetts General Hospital Hairpulling Scale (MGH-HPS) and for SPD the Skin Picking Scale-Revised (SPS-R), assessed at posttreatment and at booster sessions. RESULTS Results showed significant reductions in hair pulling and skin-picking severity from baseline to posttreatment and large effect sizes at posttreatment. Improvements remained significant at the 12-month follow-up for patients with SPD, but not for patients with TTM. Group attendance was high and few patients dropped out from treatment. The group format enabled therapists to see 25% more patients compared with an individual format. CONCLUSION The results provide initial support for the feasibility and efficacy of an adapted treatment approach for TTM and SPD.
Systemic antibiotic therapy as an adjunct to non‐surgical peri‐implantitis treatment: A single‐blind RCT

Abstract Aim The aim of this single‐blind RCT was to evaluate the adjunctive clinical and microbiological effect of systemic amoxicillin (AMX) plus metronidazole (MTZ) to non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis. Material and methods Patients (N = 62) with peri‐implantitis were randomly assigned to receive full‐mouth mechanical debridement and decontamination and use of chlorhexidine (control group) or combined with antibiotic therapy of AMX/MTZ (test group). Primary outcome was change in bleeding score from baseline (T 0) to 3‐month follow‐up (T 3). Secondary parameters were plaque, suppuration, PPD, CAL, bone level, microbiology, adverse events and need for additional surgery. Data were analysed with linear multiple regression analysis. Results 57 patients with 122 implants completed 3‐month follow‐up. Both groups showed major clinical improvements at T 3 in both peri‐implant and periodontal parameters. However, no significant differences were observed between both groups for any of the primary or secondary parameters. Conclusions Systemic antibiotic therapy of AMX/MTZ does not improve clinical and microbiological outcomes of non‐surgical peri‐implantitis treatment and should not be routinely recommended. Although complete disease resolution may be difficult to achieve, meticulously performed full‐mouth non‐surgical treatment, achieving a high level of daily oral hygiene and healthy periodontal tissues, can significantly improve the starting position of the subsequent (surgical) peri‐implantitis treatment phase.
Esophagitis Dissecans Superficialis in Children

ABSTRACT Objectives: Esophagitis dissecans superficialis (EDS) is a desquamative disorder of the superficial esophageal epithelium with variable clinical characteristics. Endoscopically, there is an appearance of superficial peeling of sheets of epithelium. Histologically there is 2-toned epithelium with coagulative necrosis of the superficial epithelium. Currently, there is paucity of data regarding this condition in children. Methods: A 10-year retrospective search of the pathology information system was performed for cases with a pathologic diagnosis of EDS in a tertiary care pediatric center. Demographic data, clinical history, endoscopic findings, and histopathologic reports were reviewed. Results: Thirteen patients (9 girls; ages 3–18 years), were identified with histologic findings of EDS. Esophageal food impaction, dysphagia, vomiting, and abdominal pain were the most common presenting symptoms. Sixty-nine percentage of the patients had underlying comorbidities and 76% were on at least 1 medication chronically. Eosinophilic esophagitis (23%), inflammatory bowel disease (23%), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (15%) were the most common associated diagnoses. Of the 13 patients, 5 had repeat endoscopies showing complete resolution of EDS with no complications. Conclusions: EDS is an under-recognized entity that endoscopists should be familiar with. In our series, the most prevalent associations were with food impaction and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Contact injury and/or inflammation may precede the development of EDS. Pediatric EDS appears to be an incidental finding without significant morbidity or mortality.
Comparing the effectiveness of reading modifications on comprehension accuracy and reading comprehension rate

Abstract Research regarding the role of reading fluency for middle school-aged students with disabilities is limited, particularly for students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study compares the roles—repeated silent reading (RSR), oral reading (OR), and repeated oral reading (ROR)—on grade-level comprehension for students identified with ADHD. An adaptive alternating treatment design with an extended baseline was used to compare the impact of each type of reading modification on comprehension. Researchers found OR and ROR of passages from a curriculum associated with acceptable performance on comprehension questions for those passages. Although students preferred silent reading, oral reading conditions were more consistently effective. Researchers discuss implications for the role of fluency in ADHD and general education classroom modifications.
Chemical and Physical Mechanisms of Fungal Bioweathering of Rock Phosphate

Abstract This research has investigated fungal transformations of rock phosphate (RP) by geoactive fungi, with particular emphasis on Aspergillus niger. Direct hyphal interaction with RP particles induced morphological and mineralogical changes, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The formation of the oxalate mineral calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite, CaC2O4·H2O) on RP surfaces showed that mycogenic oxalic acid was driving the chemical dissolution of apatite, with consequent phosphate release and secondary mineral formation. This was supported by abiotic testing of common fungal excreted organic acids which confirmed that oxalic acid was the only effective RP transforming agent and therefore responsible for the morphological and mineralogical changes observed in RP when exposed to fungal colonization. Cryogenic SEM provided evidence of fungal penetration and tunneling through RP particles demonstrating that physical interactions are also important for RP bioweathering, as well as biochemical mechanisms. These findings emphasize the important role of fungi in P cycling, with active participation in the transformation of mineral phosphates through physicochemical mechanisms and secondary oxalate biomineral formation.
Aid for trade and export sophistication in recipient countries

ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of Aid for Trade (AfT) on the sophistication level of recipient countries’ export baskets. The results indicate that total AfT inflows do not benefit the export sophistication. AfT for trade policy and regulations seems to be the only type of AfT that are found to be effective in low-income countries with a real GDP per capita of less than USD 3047.72 and the poorer the recipient country the greater the positive impact on export sophistication. In contrast, the effect of AfT for economic infrastructure seems to be increasing in per capita income. The positive and negative significant effects of AfT for economic infrastructure are observed for countries with real GDP per capita above USD 29,542.64 and below USD 2558.02, respectively. Otherwise, there are no significant impacts of these two categories on export sophistication. AfT dedicated to building productive capacity exerts a negative impact on the export sophistication at the sectoral level.
Examining the Spatial Distribution of Crime by Victim Characteristics

ABSTRACT It is well known that victims do not consistently report crimes. More problematically, victims in disadvantaged neighborhoods with high percentages of minority residents are not likely to report at high rates. Crime mapping is often considered at an aggregate level; however, the present study examines crime from a victim-perspective to better understand how crime is distributed by victim characteristics. Results reveal interesting similarities and differences in the geographical distribution of crime when disaggregated by victim race. Implications and directions for future research are also discussed.
Comparative Analysis of Paddy Soil Denitrifying Bacteria with Soil Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profile

Abstract To characterize the metabolic versatility of denitrifying bacterial communities residing in the paddy soil, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses were done along with nosZ encoding nitrous oxide reductase gene-based PCR-DGGE and real-time Q-PCR analysis. In this study, we have analyzed the abundance of nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) genes and DGGE-based denitrifier community assessment was found to be correlated with soil PLFA profile in terms of their pattern analysis. Among all detected denitrifying bacteria, Ochrobactrum sp. represented a major fraction following Cupriavidus and uncultured bacteria. The data related to nosZ gene abundance were found to show similar pattern with PLFA-based lipid profile. Greater amount of lipid content (C18-C20) and denitrifiers diversity was apparently visible at Chandauli of Eastern UP, India and thus positively impact each other in the soil. Our study suggests that the nosZ-based DGGE and gene abundance data were increased in response to soil PLFA profiles. Subsequently, the presence of an increased lipid content of soil samples with increased abundance and diversity of denitrifying bacteria could be helpful in managing nutrient dynamics as well as microbial dynamics of paddy soil ecosystem.