Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Why asymptotic limit of the acid dissolution capacity can lead to a sharp dissolution front in chemical dissolution of porous rocks?

The use of the asymptotic limit can greatly simplify the theoretical analysis of chemical dissolution front instabilities in fluid‐saturated rocks and therefore make it possible to obtain mathematical solutions, which often play a crucial role in understanding the propagation behavior of chemical dissolution fronts in chemical dissolution systems. However, there has been a debate in recent years that the asymptotic limit of the acid dissolution capacity (i.e., the acid dissolution capacity number approaching zero) alone cannot lead to a sharp dissolution front of the Stefan type in the acidization dissolution system, in which the dissolvable minerals of carbonate rocks are chemically dissolved by the injected acid flow. The acid dissolution capacity number is commonly defined as the ratio of the volume of the carbonate rock dissolved by an acid to that of the acid. In this paper, we use four different proof methods, including (i) direct use of the fundamental concepts; (ii) use of the mathematical governing equations of an acidization dissolution system; (iii) use of the different time scaling approach; and (iv) use of a moving coordinate system approach, to demonstrate that the asymptotic limit of the acid dissolution capacity can indeed lead to sharp dissolution fronts of the Stefan type in acidization dissolution systems on a much larger time scale (than the dissolution time scale). Our new finding is that on the reaction time scale, the condition of the conventional time derivative of porosity approaching zero alone can ensure that the acidization dissolution front has a sharp shape of the Stefan type. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Dimensional Inference for Semiparametric Models

In the literature, high dimensional inference refers to statistical inference when the number of unknown parameters is much greater than the sample size. Semiparametric models are models that include parametric and nonparametric components, such as partial linear models and partial additive models. Due to the high dimensionality of the parameter of interests and the presence of a nuisance function, it is very challenging to make estimation and inference for the parametric component in high dimensional semiparametric settings, for instance, construction of conﬁdence intervals and hypothesis testings. In this thesis, I will present two sets of estimation and inference results under high dimensional semiparametric setups. The ﬁrst one is minimax optimal estimation in high dimensional semiparametric models. Our particular focus is on partially linear additive models with high dimensional sparse vectors and smooth nonparametric functions. The minimax lower bound for the parametric component depends merely on the dimensionality and sparsity, while the minimax lower bound for each nonparametric component is established as an interplay among dimensionality, sparsity and smoothness. Indeed, the minimax risk for parametric estimation cannot be aﬀected by the roughness of the nonparametric functions. However, the minimax risk for smooth nonparametric estimation can be slowed down to the classical parametric rate by the existence of high dimensional sparse vector, given suﬃciently large smoothness or dimensionality. Such rate-switching phenomenon diﬀers signiﬁcantly from low dimensional models where estimation rate for each component only depends on itself. In the above setting,
Privacy Preserving Signals

A signal is privacy-preserving with respect to a collection of privacy sets , if the posterior probability assigned to every privacy set remains unchanged conditional on any signal realization. We characterize the privacy-preserving signals for arbitrary state space and arbitrary privacy sets. A signal is privacy-preserving if and only if it is a garbling of a reordered quantile signal . These signals are equivalent to couplings, which in turn lead to a characterization of optimal privacy-preserving signals for a decision-maker. We demonstrate the applications of this characterization in the contexts of algorithmic fairness, price discrimination, and information design.
A robust regression methodology via M-estimation

ABSTRACT A robust regression methodology is proposed via M-estimation. The approach adapts to the tail behavior and skewness of the distribution of the random error terms, providing for a reliable analysis under a broad class of distributions. This is accomplished by allowing the objective function, used to determine the regression parameter estimates, to be selected in a data driven manner. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator are established and a numerical algorithm is provided to implement the methodology. The finite sample performance of the proposed approach is exhibited through simulation and the approach was used to analyze two motivating datasets.
Effect of combined hole configuration on film cooling with and without mist injection

Turbine blades operate under a harsh environmental condition, and the inlet temperature of gas turbines is increasing with requirement of high engine effi-ciency. Some cooling schemes are adopted to prevent these blades from the ther-mal erosion of the hot mainstream. Film cooling technology is used widely and effectively in gas turbines. The coolant air is suppressed to the wall by the main-stream after jetting out of the film hole. A new hole configuration is first pro-posed to improve the film cooling characteristics in this paper. Comparison be-tween a conventional cylindrical hole and a new combined hole is conducted by CFD, and effects of various blowing ratios and droplet sizes are also investigat-ed. Results show that the combined hole configuration provides a wider coverage than that in the cylindrical hole configuration case at high blowing ratios (M = 1.0 and M = 1.5). In addition, the film cooling with mist injection also provides a significant enhancement on cooling performance especially for the combined hole case with a small droplet size (10-5 m). (Less)
The impact of rereading on older adults’ comprehension and metacomprehension of negative text

ABSTRACT Negated text is a difficult text construction that readers encounter in various forms throughout their lives. Despite a wealth of research on its impact, including potential strategies to improve comprehension, readers maintain poor comprehension when encountering this text construction. Given its large potential impact on reading texts like medical paperwork or insurance documents, it is important to understand not only what makes the construction difficult but also what can help a reader better process the information communicated in this way. The present research explored the impact of rereading on older adults’ comprehension and metacomprehension of negated text. Results demonstrated that while rereading was beneficial for older adults’ comprehension overall, this benefit was not specific to negated text. Moreover, metacomprehension data demonstrated that both young and older readers are aware of the difficulty they have in understanding negated text, but corresponding comprehension remains low. Results suggest that an additional reading of a passage containing negated text helped to mitigate the comprehension deficits associated with text that has been negated. This demonstrates that the comprehension accuracy can be improved for negated text under these circumstances. Future research should explore what specific factors associated with re-reading helps to improve comprehension accuracy.
NUMERICAL STUDY CONCERNING THERMAL RESPONSES OF NANOFILMS UNDER THE THERMOMASS THEORY

he Thermomass theory is based on the relationship mass-energy of Einstein, i.e., the heat has mass-energy duality, behaving as energy in processes where its conversion occurs in another form of energy, and behaving as mass in heat transfer processes. The mathematical model stablished by the Thermomass model falls within the class of problems called models non-Fourier heat conduction. The present work aims to analyze the thermal responses provided by Thermomass theory of nanofilms submitted to a very fast heating process using two different heat sources (laser pulses). During the process of analysis, the equations are written in conservation law, put into dimensionless form and discretized in the way that a high-order TVD scheme is used on to provide accurate and reliable numerical simulations for obtaining the thermal responses predicted by the Thermomass model. The results show that the Thermomass theory predicted a heterogeneous temperature distribution with elevated temperature peaks. The thermal responses obtained from this model may prevent the thermal damage caused by technologies of the processing and manufacturing of elements based on high-power laser applications.
Cosmic rays, aerosols, clouds, and climate: Recent findings from the CLOUD experiment

The Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) experiment was created to systematically test the link between galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and climate, specifically, the connection of ions from GCR to aerosol nucleation and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), the particles on which cloud droplets form. The CLOUD experiment subsequently unlocked many of the mysteries of nucleation and growth in our atmosphere, and it has improved our understanding of human influences on climate. Their most recent publication (Gordon et al. 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026844) provides their first estimate of the GCR‐CCN connection, and they show that CCN respond too weakly to changes in GCR to yield a significant influence on clouds and climate.
Reconstruction of f(R) Gravity from a Polytropic Gas Scalar Field Dark Energy Model

In this paper, we present a reconstruction of an f ( R ) gravity cosmological model from polytropic scalar ﬁeld. For the purpose of reconstruction, we consider an equivalence between the f ( R ) gravity and scalar-tensor gravity and obtain exact forms of f ( R ) functions and the scalar ﬁeld potentials. Further, we study the universe under two asymptotic scenarios of early universe and late universe and obtain the forms of the function f ( R ) and the corresponding potentials. We ﬁnd that the functions f ( R ) satisfy the viability conditions.
RESOLVING THE PERICENTER

The Wisdom–Holman mapping method and its variations have become a mainstay of research in solar system dynamics. But the method is not without its limitations. Rauch & Holman noted that at large eccentricities sufficiently small steps must be taken to resolve the pericenter. In this paper, I explore in more detail what it means to resolve the pericenter.
On Semipositone Non-Local Boundary-Value Problems with Nonlinear or Affine Boundary Conditions

Abstract We consider the boundary-value problem where H: [0,+∞) → ℝ and f : [0, 1] × ℝ → ℝ are continuous and λ > 0 is a parameter. We show that if H satisfies a boundedness condition on a specified compact set, then this, together with an assumption that H is either affine or superlinear at +∞, implies existence of at least one positive solution to the problem, even in the case where we impose no growth conditions on f. Finally, since it can hold that f(t, y) < 0 for all (t, y) ∈ [0, 1]×ℝ, the semipositone problem is included as a special case of the existence result.
Basic information about memantine and its treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other clinical applications

Abstract Memantine is a noncompetitive moderate‐affinity strong voltage‐dependent N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor antagonist. It has been used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) since 1989. In 2018, it became the second most commonly used drug for the treatment of dementia in the world. AD is nonreversible, and memantine can only relieve the symptoms of AD but not cure it. Over the past half‐century, memantine's research and clinical application have been extensively developed. In this review, the basic composition of memantine, the mechanism and limitations of memantine in the treatment of AD, memantine combination therapy, comparison of memantine with other drugs for AD, and clinical studies of memantine in other diseases are reviewed to provide a valuable reference for further research and application of memantine for the treatment of AD.
Immunity due to COVID-19 vaccination and its correlation with lung involvement severity as an indicator of disease severity

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is a worldwide challenge; regarding the lack of an effective and efficient drug. It seems that the vaccine is the only modality to save the world from this pandemic. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the effect of vaccination on preventing pulmonary involvement and the disease severity of COVID-19 patients. Patients and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 247 people with coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Demographic characteristics and vaccination status information were collected. Patients’ lung computed tomography scan findings were scored based on the pulmonary involvement percentage, and then according to this score, they were graded into severe, moderate, mild, and without lung involvement. The association between pulmonary involvement and vaccination status were evaluated by Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression. Results: Most participants were male, with a mean age of 53.74 ± 10.96 years. Most people (42.9%) were partial-vaccinated. Lungs in 53.3% were with lung involvement and in 46.6% were without. The correlation between pulmonary involvement and vaccination was significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Vaccination is an effective and efficient method in preventing coronavirus disease 2019 severity.
Increase Student Activity Through The Use of Interactive Learning Videos in Civics Learning during the Study From Home

The Civics learning process should be carried out interactively by choosing media to actively stimulate students to solve contextual problems. But the problem is that the learning process must focus on students. This study aimed to conduct a needs analysis to develop interactive learning videos for Civics subjects. This research was conducted using the R&D (Research & Development) method. The research subjects were eleventh-grade students, totaling 36 students—data collection methods by observation, interviews, and tests. In learning from home, students want media in the form of interactive learning videos. Interactive learning videos can be used for a more learner-centered learning process because they contain questions. The questions in the learning video are expected to make students actively listen and answer the learning material. From the analysis results, it was concluded that interactive learning videos are needed to help the learning process be more student-centered to have a positive impact, especially in creating an interactive learning process.
The Relationship between Inter-Organizational Relations and Leadership Performance in the Ministry of Petroleum of the Republic of South Sudan

The objective of this study was to examine the influence of political-adminis-trative interface on leadership performance in the Ministry of Petroleum of the Republic of South Sudan. The study was guided by Leader Member Exchange Theory. The study adopted quantitative descriptive research design targeting 1973 employees working in the Ministry of Petroleum. The re-searcher adopted Yamane sampling formula to arrive at 333 employees as the sample size. The main data source was primary data collected using questionnaires and interviews. Descriptive statistics techniques were used to analyse quantitative data which include frequencies, percentages and mean. Regression analysis technique was used to analyse the inferential statistics and to test the set hypotheses. The findings were presented in the form of tables and figures. The study established significant influence of inter-organizational relations on leadership performance in the Ministry of Petroleum and assessed intervention strategies that could be adopted to improve public leadership effectiveness in the Ministry of Petroleum. The study further concluded that the poor leadership performance in the Ministry of Petroleum of the Republic of South Sudan was due to inter-organizational relations caused by ineffective organizational structures. The study recommends that the Ministry of Petroleum should enhance the institutional structures for improved leadership performance there should be checks and balances in the operation of the ministry to achieve the desired accountability. Such checks and balances will go a long achieving operation efficiency and optimum resource utilization.
CEO overpower and stock price crash risk: Evidence from family businesses in Vietnam

We examine how powerful CEOs affect stock price crash risk. We focus on family businesses in Vietnam because they contribute 25% of the national GDP. This study employs the Ordinary Least Squares and Fixed Effect Models and dynamic system Generalized Method of Moments to analyze a balanced panel of 983 annual observations of listed family businesses from 2005 to 2020. Our findings indicate that family businesses with CEO duality have about 60% higher crash risk than firms without CEO duality. However, higher CEO ownership reduces the stock price crash risk in the family businesses. The findings are robust after enacting the Law on Enterprises in Vietnam. Our findings align with agency theory, managerial power theory, information asymmetry theory, organizational theory, and prior literature. Our study contributes practical corporate governance implications for managing stock price crash risk in family businesses.
The Impact of Oral Health on Severity of COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study of Recovered Patients in Syria

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the role of oral health in determining the severity of COVID-19 infection among recovered COVID-19 Syrian patients. Clinical Significance: The severity of COVID-19 infection varies among individuals, and the general health status of individuals plays a crucial role in determining the severity of symptoms. The association between oral health and COVID-19 severity has not been widely explored. Understanding the impact of oral health on COVID-19 severity can help in developing strategies to prevent severe and aggressive COVID-19 infection. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional trial based on a questionnaire survey was conducted among 319 recovered COVID-19 Syrian patients. The questionnaire was divided into two main sections: oral health evaluation and COVID-19 severity assessment. Participants were classified into three groups based on their responses for oral health and COVID-19 severity. Results: Our observations revealed a significant difference between overall health and the severity of COVID-19 infection. Participants with worse general health had higher COVID-19 severity index scores. Patients with chronic conditions also had a considerably higher prevalence of COVID-19 severity index. Furthermore, our findings suggest that individuals with poor overall health and chronic diseases exhibited the worst oral health. However, there was no relationship between oral health status and the recovery period of COVID-19 infection. The association between oral health status and COVID-19 severity index revealed a positive correlation, although it was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that the oral cavity and its components may contribute to an elevated risk of COVID-19 infection, as the association between COVID-19 severity and oral health status revealed a positive correlation, although it was not statistically significant. Further research with larger sample sizes and more reliable study designs will be required to confirm our findings. In the light of our findings, we recommend following simple oral health measures such as tooth brushing, regular dental check-ups, and periodontal screening to prevent severe and aggressive COVID-19 infection.
Multi‐imaging approach to analyze bioactive compounds in Abelmoschus moschatus and Cinnamomum zeylanicum via planar chromatography hyphenated with effect‐directed assays and high‐resolution mass spectrometry

The identification of the bioactivity of individual compounds in natural products is helpful to understand their therapeutic applications. Thus, a bioanalytical multi-imaging screening was developed and applied to 54 bark, leaf and seed extracts of Sri Lankan Abelmoschus moschatus (abelmosk) to find out the most bioactive individual compounds. The focus was laid on a comprehensive bioactivity profiling of its extracts. High-performance thinlayer chromatography (HPTLC) was hyphenated with seven effect-directed assays (EDA), i. e. biological (Gramnegative Aliivibrio fischeri and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis), biochemical (α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase) and chemical (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assays. This multi-imaging was complemented by ultraviolet (UV), white light (Vis), fluorescence detection (FLD) and eight microchemical derivatizations. Heated electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (HESI-HRMS) was used to characterize the most prominent multi-potent compound zone. It consisted of coeluting unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid and oleic acid), but also saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid and to a lower extent stearic acid, arachidic acid and behenic acid). For confirmation of the detected effects (antibacterial, free radical scavenger and inhibitor of α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase), oleic acid was exemplarily analyzed by co-development and overlapped application (with sample). The proven effects underlined the beneficial health effects derived from unsaturated fatty acids like oleic acid. Exemplarily, the α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibition responses of the multi-potent compound zone were quantified equivalently in reference to oleic acid. The comparable results obtained by two independent enzymatic responses successfully proved the use of biochemical quantification by planar enzyme assays, and thus the new method based on HPTLC-UV/Vis/FLDEDA-HESI-HRMS.
Centripetal and centrifugal interconnection on hotel and restaurant linguistic landscape of Bali, Indonesia

Abstract The existence of foreign languages, Indonesian-the national language, and Balinese-the local language, on public signs of hotels and restaurants in Bali indexes the interconnection between the centrifugal and centripetal force of the multilingual situation. This study aims to map and analyze the language distribution and the interconnection between centripetal and centrifugal forces on the hotel and restaurant commercial signs in three Bali tourist sites: Candidasa, Ubud, and Lovina. Interview and observation method with photograph-taking technique were implemented to gather the data. Four hundred and twenty-six photographs of the hotel and restaurant public signs were captured for the study subjects. The data were presented using linguistic landscape design on language distribution (monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual) and then to be analyzed using Bakhtin’s theory on centripetal and centrifugal forces. The findings revealed that English dominated other languages in monolingual signs that indexes centrifugalism. The interconnection exists in bilingual and multilingual signs. Hotels and restaurants of various types put Indonesian and Balinese words on their signs, along with the massive use of English. The interconnection is scrutinized through three layers of analysis; multimodality, signage relation to social emplacement, and indexicality levels. The mixture of fixed centralizing and fluid decentralizing force on the signs seems unavoidable because of linguistic and semiotic commodification and political reasons. Further, it manifests glocalization, which combines international, national, and Balinese local identities. Graphical Abstract