Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nosema ceranae and queen age influence the reproduction and productivity of the honey bee colony

Summary The strength of the honey bee colony and the quality concerning brood production, number of worker bees and honey yield depend substantially upon the characteristics of the queen. Reproductive and productive capacities of the colony, as two important physiological qualities can depend a great deal on the age of the queen. Over the years, the laying ratio of queens could decrease depending on the age; therefore colonies headed by one-year-old queens have proven to be more efficient considering colony population and honey production than ones with older queens. Nosema ceranae infection is a possible reason for the decrease in reproductive capacities and the reduction in the honey production of infected colonies. With the help of numerous pheromones, the queen can preserve colony homeostasis, however exhausted by N. ceranae infection she might compromise the renewal of worker population. The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of N. ceranae on reproduction and productivity of honey bee colonies headed by queens of different age. Experiment was conducted on 27 honey bee colonies equalized with regard to brood, food source, number of worker bees and Nosema infection. In the three year investigation period (2009–2012), Nosema detection, identification and spore load per each colony, as well as parameters of colony reproduction (such as uncapped and capped brood area, queen egg-laying rate and colony strength) and productivity (the total extracted honey and the winter honey stores) were recorded. Concerning the influence of the age of the queens on followed parameters we compared one, two and three-years old queens and found significantly higher reproductive and productive values in favour of younger ones. Significant differences regarding the effects of N. ceranae infection on productive and reproductive characteristics could be explained with a higher capacity of one year old queens to compensate the effects of Nosema infection; a capacity which gradually declines in the second and the third year.
The prediction value of PI-RADS v2 score in high-grade Prostate Cancer: a multicenter retrospective study

Background: To explore the prediction value of PI-RADS v2 in high-grade prostate cancer and establish a prediction model combined with related variables of prostate cancer. Material and Methods: A total of 316 patients with newly discovered prostate cancer at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from December 2017 to August 2019 were enrolled in this study. The clinic information as age, tPSA, fPSA, prostate volume, Gleason score and PI-RADS v2 score have been collected. Univariate analysis was performed based on every variable to investigate the risk factors of high-grade prostate cancer. ROC curves were generated for the risk factors to distinguish the cut-off points. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the independent risk factors of high-grade prostate cancer. Nomogram prediction model was generated based on multivariate logistic regression analysis. The calibration curve, ROC curve, leave-one-out cross validation and independent external validation were performed to evaluate the discriminative ability, accuracy and stability of the nomogram prediction model. Results: Of 316 patients, a total of 187 patients were diagnosed as high-grade prostate cancer. Univariate analysis showed tPSA, fPSA, prostate volume, PSAD and PI-RADS v2 score were significantly different between the high- and low-grade prostate cancer patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed only tPSA, prostate volume and PI-RADS v2 score were the independent risk factors of high-grade prostate cancer. The nomogram could predict the probability of high-grade prostate cancer, with a sensitivity of 79.4% and a specificity of 77.6%. The calibration curve displayed good agreement of the predicted probability with the actual observed probability. AUC of the ROC curve was 0.840 (0.797-0.884). Leave-one-out cross validation indicated the nomogram prediction model could classify 81.4% cases accurately. External data validation was performed with a sensitivity of 80.6% and a specificity of 77.3%, the Kappa value was 0.5755. Conclusions: PI-RADS v2 score had the value in predicting high-grade prostate cancer and the nomogram prediction model may help early diagnose the high risk prostate cancer.
THE USE OF VARIABLE RATE FERTILISER APPLICATIONS IN NZ HILL COUNTRY

The basis of a variable rate fertiliser strategy is identifying the productivity potential of differing land management units, undertaking sufficient soil and herbage sampling to assess the soil characteristics and fertility across these land management units and then applying the appropriate fertiliser to attain the economic optimum soil fertility that matches the assessed potential production. Four scenarios were analysed using the AgResearch PKS lime econometric model comparing a variable rate to a blanket fertiliser strategy. The scenarios represented typical North Island and South Island hill country with the farms classified into land management units (LMUs) representing different slope classes. Soil fertility levels for each slope class were extrapolated from Ravensdown’s Primary Growth Partnership (PGP) research farms where a significant number of soil tests have been sampled across slope classes and seasons. The current analysis considered P and S requirements only. The analysis showed that, in comparison to a blanket application, the variable rate strategy produced a higher 10 year cumulative net present value (NPV) for all four scenario’s modelled. A sensitivity analysis also showed that the variable rate strategy was more sustainable for farm profitability in the face of volatile returns with positive cumulative NPV’s observed within 9 years in all the scenarios tested compared to the blanket application. Operationally, technological advancements with the use of differential correction to GPS guidance systems combined with automated flow control in topdressing aircraft are also discussed in terms of the implications for variable rate strategies that can increasingly be put into practice more effectively.
Human mobility and poverty as key factors in strategies against COVID-19

The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic that swiped across the globe led many countries to apply 14 heavy nationwide restrictions and control measures. Analyzing aggregate and anonymized 15 mobility data from the cell-phone devices of >3 million users in Israel, we identified that poorer 16 regions exhibited lower and slower compliance with the restrictions. We integrated these mobility 17 patterns into age-, risk- and region-structured transmission model, and showed how we can explain 18 the spatiotemporal dynamics of 250 regions covering Israel. Model projections suggest that 19 applying localized and temporal interventions that focus on high-risk groups can substantially 20 reduce mortality, particularly in poorer regions, while enabling daily routine for a vast majority of 21 the population. These trends were consistent across vast ranges of epidemiological parameters, 22 possible seasonal forcing, and even when we assumed that vaccination would be commercially 23 available in 1-3 years. Our findings can help policymakers worldwide identify hotspots and apply 24 designated strategies against future COVID-19 outbreaks.
Improved extraction of bioactive compounds by cold storage of spirulina fermented by Kazachstnia servazzii

In this study, alcohol fermentation and cold storage were conducted to enhance the extraction of bioactive compounds in spirulina. After alcohol fermentation of 20% spirulina paste with 5% glucose and 1% yeast extract using Kazachstnia servazzii KM2017 for 2 days, the pH and acidity were 6.91 and 0.26%, respectively. Viable yeast cells increased from 1.21×10 CFU/mL to 2.51×10 CFU/mL. In addition, the protein content of spirulina doubled to 423.98 μg/mL Polyphenols and flavonoids were also increased to 350.12 μg/mL and 28.04 μg/mL, respectively. Notably, the inherent off-odor of spirulina paste was partially removed with production of 1.3% alcohol. After cold-storage of yeast fermented spirulina paste at 1°C for 5 days, the extraction of bioactive compounds was further enhanced, resulting in 464.09 μg/mL protein, 420.21 μg/mL polyphenol and 34.41 μg/mL flavonoids. On the other hand, the viable yeast cell count decreased to 4.39×10 CFU/mL, revealing partial disruption of the spirulina. Thus, it was concluded that the odor and extraction of biologically active substance were improved by both yeast fermentation and cold storage of spirulina.
Utilizing of Geoinformatics for Mapping Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Sohag, Egypt

In this study an attempt was done to assess the change of agricultural land in Sohag province, Egypt between 1987 and 2012. Decision Tree Classifier (DTC) was applied to map land cover changes in the study area. Landsat ETM+ satellite data of three years viz., 1987 and 2012 have been used in the study. Three remote sensing derived indices namely, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Soil Brightness Index (SBI) have been used for identifying vegetation, waterbodies and built up area. These derived indices have been incorporated in Decision Tree Classifier (DTC) for delineating and mapping land use / land cover in the study area. Results revealed that there was an increase in built up areas which reflects urban sprawl on old cultivated soils. Also, the activities of soil reclamation were increase during the studied period. On the other hand, there was a decrease in the area of the river Nile. Combining the soil and land capability maps, in one
Influence of Exercise or Physical Activity in the Angiogenesis Process: Integrative Review

Lucas Cecin de Deus Spirandelli1, Mateus Borges Soares1, Otávio Cortes Alves1, Vítor Brandão Veloso1, Pedro Teixeira Meireles1, Thiago Mantello Bianco2, Bruno Belmonte Martinelli Gomes2, Eduardo Elias Vieira de Carvalho3, Ana Karina Marques Salge4, George Kemil Abdalla5 and Douglas Reis Abdalla1,5* 1Medicine Course, University of Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, Brazil 2Biomedicine, Serrana State Hospital, Serrana, SP, Brazil 3Professor, Department of Applied Physical Therapy Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil 4Professor, Faculty of Nursing, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil 5Professor, Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Talents, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
Genetic diversity and phylogeographic analysis of Pinus leiophylla: a post‐glacial range expansion

Aim Mexico is a centre of diversity for species of the genus Pinus, most of which have restricted geographical distributions. An exception is Pinus leiophylla Schiede and Deppe, which is widely distributed throughout most of Mexico’s mountainous regions. We attempt to reconstruct the phylogeographic history of this species, in order to determine if its current broad distribution is associated with major events of environmental change that occurred during the Quaternary.
DETERMINATION OF EFFECTIVE CRITERIA WEIGHT ON SATISFACTION WITH FUZZY SYNTHETIC EVALUATION AND GENETIC ALGORITHM (CASE STUDY: TRAVEL WEBSITES IN IRAN)

In competitive market, customer satisfaction based on electronic service quality (ESQ) is one of the main goals in tourism and hospitality industries. Many researchers studied it, they used various methods for determining importance of criteria in order to understand it, but most of these methods depended heavily on expert knowledge and customer perspective haven’t been considered. Also they focused only on one group of customers and haven’t considered different among them. In this study, we used fuzzy synthetic evaluation and genetic algorithm for determining importance of criteria in order to measure satisfaction of travel websites based on ESQ. The results show that different segments of customers have different opinions on the importance of various criteria and these different opinions depend on various reasons as time limitation, balance, privacy, knowledge of information technology and psychology and behavioral specifications. So for increasing competitive advantage, they must consider different segments of customers in their websites.
Performance Measurement Systems and Downstream Integration

Downstream integration (DI) is a key managerial area to improve performance in supply networks. Though most studies agree that DI positively influences performances, literature also reports cases of failures in achieving significant improvements. This evidence suggests that some factors may act as moderators on the DI-performance relationship. This paper analyzes the impact of DI on supply network efficiency and the moderating effect on this relationship of supply network performance measurement systems. Data from a sample of 200 manufacturing firms settled in several countries around the world demonstrates that the moderating effect exists. Therefore managers to strengthen the impact of DI on supply network efficiency should module interventions on DI and supply network performance measurement systems, rather than investing and focusing on DI only. Keywords-supply chain management; downstream integration; supply network efficiency; performance measurement systems; survey
Weed coexistence with cowpea cultivars in the Amazonas floodplain

This study aimed to determine the period of weed coexistence with three cowpea cultivars (Vigna unguiculata) in the lowlands of the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Cowpea was sown in October 2007 under the conventional system. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with four replications in split-plots. The plots consisted of eleven periods of weed coexistence with cowpea at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70 days after sowing. Following these periods, weeds were manually removed every week. The cultivars EV x 91-2E-2, BR IPEAN BR8 V69, and BR8 Caldeirao were located in the split-plots. The interference of the weeds throughout the cowpea life cycle reduced final stand, number of pods per plant, and weight of 1,000 grains. The productivity of cultivars EV x 91-2E-2, BR8 BR8 Caldeirao and BR IPEAN V69 was reduced by 59, 78, 68.18 and 90.18%, respectively. The period before interference was from 0 to 5 days after sowing for cultivar BR IPEAN V69, and from 0 to 6 and 71 days for cultivars BR8 Caldeirao and EV x 91-2E-2, respectively.
Early Iron Deposition in Teeth of the Streamside Salamander, Ambystoma barbouri

Abstract In some salamander species, as well as various other vertebrates, iron-rich molecules are sequestered in the enamel and enameloid layers of the crowns of teeth. In adults, the presence of iron can be detected easily because the cusps are often tinted orange-brown. However, visual confirmation is not possible in embryos or larvae. Consequently, the ontogenetic stage during which iron is first deposited in teeth is not known. We used scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to examine the teeth of embryonic and larval Streamside Salamanders, Ambystoma barbouri, to determine the earliest developmental stage during which iron can be detected in teeth and to quantify the relative iron concentration along the length of the enamel cap. Iron was present in first-generation teeth of embryos when individuals were still acquiring nutrients from yolk, suggesting that yolk, rather than diet, was the source of iron deposited in early generation teeth of salamanders. Furthermore, as in adults of other species of salamanders, the concentration of iron decreased from the apex to midshaft to base of teeth in embryonic and larval A. barbouri.
Has Genocide Jurisprudence Ended Impunity? Transitional Justice and the Case of Rwanda

The international justice system is a symbol of human rights, global cooperation, and the foundation of genocide jurisprudence. International courts add a substantial dimension to global governance, in which countries are not only subject to authorised military intervention, but also to trial. Though it is tempting to refer to these institutions and conventions as proof of an ‘end to impunity,’ global justice is still far from being realised. Despite its achievements, international jurisprudence has limited the public’s scope in understanding crimes of genocide. As Alexander Hinton explains, international justice mechanisms tend to impose Western conceptions of rule of law, human rights, civil society, retribution, and fairness to post-conflict areas (2010). Therefore, to assess the current extent of impunity, it is critical to consider international, national, and local approaches to administering justice. While international courts have been successful on numerous accounts, many developments in international jurisprudence have detracted focus from local realities and contexts, and given prominence to institutional procedures.
PROFESSIONALS’ PERSPECTIVES ON BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS OF SUCCESS WITH TEEN PARENTS IN THE CHILD WELFARE SYSTEM

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Problem Formulation. 1 Purpose of the Study . 3 Significance of the Study for Social Work Practice . 4 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 Introduction . 7 Underlying Causes of Teen Pregnancy . 7 Prevention and Intervention Services/Program for Teen Pregnancy . 10 Theories Guiding Conceptualization . 15 CHAPTER THREE: METHODS . 18 Introduction . 18 Study Design . 18 Sampling . 20 Data Collection and Instruments . 20 Procedures . 21 Protection of Human Subjects . 22 Data Analysis . 23 Summary . 24 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS . 25 Introduction . 25
RSA for poor men: a cryptosystem based on probable primes to base 2 numbers

We show it is possible to build an RSA-type cryptosystem by utilizing probable primes to base 2 numbers. Our modulus N is the product n · m of such numbers (so here both prime and some composite, e.g. Carmichael or Fermat, numbers are acceptable) instead of prime numbers. Moreover, we require for n and m to be co-prime only, and so we don’t have to worry about whether any of the numbers n, m is composite or not. The encryption and decryption processes are similar as those in the RSA. Hence, in this cryptosystem we may apply the above kind of numbers of arbitrary length being still sure that the system works well. The price for that is the size of words permitted by the new system: any message M , as a number, must be smaller than log (in base 2) of n · m .
Sex Differences in Progression of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in OVE26 Type 1 Diabetic Mice

OVE26 mice are a widely used transgenic model of early-onset type 1 diabetes. These mice overexpress calmodulin in their pancreatic β cells, develop severe diabetes within the first weeks of life, and progress to severe diabetic complications including diabetic nephropathy and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). To date, diabetic nephropathy in OVE26 mice has been well explored, leaving the progression of DCM and the gender impact in this type 1 diabetes model still unrevealed. In our study, male and female OVE26 mice and age-matched nondiabetic FVB mice were examined at 4, 12, 24, and 36 weeks for their cardiac function, body weight, blood glucose, and heart weight/tibia length ratio. Further, histopathological examination and Western blot analysis for the key markers demonstrate that DCM appears at 24 weeks OVE26 mice, initiating with cardiac senescence, followed by fibrosis and then cardiac dysfunction. Mitochondrial respiration function analysis showed no indication of dysfunction in OVE26 mice at 24 weeks of age in both genders. In addition, no significant difference for the pathogenic progression was observed between OVE26 and FVB mice in both males and females. In conclusion, this study suggests cardiac senescence and fibrosis, which may be amended by sex differences, play key roles in the progression of DCM in OVE26 mice. The comprehensive characterization of diabetic cardiomyopathy progression and the sex difference impact in OVE26 mice provides a basis for future study on DCM using OVE26 mice.
Self-Reported Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disturbance and Its Associated Factors among Medicine and Health Science Students at the University of Gondar

Introduction Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by dream-enacting behavior (shouting, punching, and falling out of bed) related to unpleasant dreams and loss of normal rapid eye movement (REM) sleep muscle atonia. Rapid eye movement sleep enhances learning and memory by regulating neuronal synapses, and if it is undesirable, it can lead to cognitive impairment and poor academic performance and may end up with death. To the best of our searching databases, there is no such study conducted in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining self-reported symptoms of RBD and its associated factors among the University of Gondar medicine and health science students (2019). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from June 1 to July 2019, among medicine and health science students at the University of Gondar using a simple random sampling technique. A self-reported RBD screening questionnaire was used to collect the data. We used Epi Info™ 7.0. 8.3 and Stata 14 for data entry and statistical analyses, respectively. Descriptive statistics (frequency with percent and mean with standard deviation) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% uncertainty interval (UI) were computed. In a multivariable binary logistic regression, variables with a p < 0.05 were declared as significant. Results Three hundred and eighty-seven students took part in the study. The mean age of participants was 20.81 (±1.83) years. The prevalence of self-reported RBD was 46.25% [95% UI (41.26%-51.24)]. Physical exercise immediately before sleep (AOR = 2.50, 95% UI (1.24-5.02)), using Facebook immediately before sleep (AOR = 1.93, 95% UI (1.18-3.15)), having daytime sleepiness (AOR = 1.92, 95% UI (1.16-3.19)), and self-reported depressive symptoms (AOR = 2.40, 95% UI (1.45-3.99)) were significantly associated with self-reported RBD. Conclusion The current study revealed a high prevalence of self-reported RBD. This remarkable problem suggested a need to design strategies to prevent RBD symptoms among university students through targeting screening of depression, daytime sleepiness, and adjusting bedtime routines such as physical exercise and internet use immediately before going to bed.