Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anthropogenic and Biogenic Sources Drive the Molecular Fingerprints and Atmospheric Processing of Water‐Soluble Organic Aerosols at a Tropical Hill Station in the Western Ghats of India

The widespread presence of organic aerosols (OA) in the atmosphere and their dominant role in climate forcing are increasingly recognized. Measurements from the high‐altitude region provide insights into the natural processes and long‐range transport of aerosols. We studied water‐soluble organic compounds in PM1.1 during January‐March 2020 and February‐April 2021 at Ponmudi (8.8°N and 77.1°E), a tropical hill station (960 m a.s.l.) located on the Western Ghats of India. The 5‐day backward trajectories of air masses presented that continental and marine sources impacted the site during the campaign, and thus we classified samples as mixed and marine air masses. Their molecular fingerprints revealed the prevalence of oxalic acid (C2), followed by terephthalic acid in mixed air mass and malonic (C3) or succinic (C4) acid in maritime air mass aerosol samples. This feature and the phthalic to azelaic acid ratio, as well as the C3 to C4 and fumaric to maleic acid ratios, evidenced that water‐soluble OA were of anthropogenic origin and less photochemically aged in mixed air mass samples, whereas they derived from biogenic sources and more photochemical aging in marine air mass samples. However, we found their comparable contributions in water‐soluble organic carbon under mixed and marine air masses. Linear correlations between C2 relative abundance and its ratios with the precursor compounds implied that the oxidation of precursors to oxalic acid occurs during atmospheric transport. The results revealed that the input of anthropogenic and biogenic precursors followed by atmospheric processing controlled the burden of water‐soluble OA across the Western Ghats.
More than a matter of quali ﬁ cation: Teachers ’ thoughts on the purpose of social studies and history teaching in vocational preparation programmes in Swedish upper-secondary school

The aim of this article is to increase our understanding of how history and social studies teachers in vocational preparation programmes (VET) in Sweden relate to the obligation of preparing students for their future lives as citizens. Previous research on VET programmes has primarily emphasised predetermined roles of education. Different critical perspectives have established how different VET practices contribute to reproducing speci ﬁ c values and a type of knowledge that leaves less room for students to act as independent subjects. In part, the ﬁ ndings of this article contribute to problematising such a description. In a series of interviews, teachers expressed what can best be described as a clear will to prepare students for a future as broadminded and tolerant citizens. The multi-perspective approach emphasised by these teachers not only illustrates the socialisation and quali ﬁ cation functions of education, it also gives prominence to the importance of student subjecti ﬁ cation. Furthermore, this article stresses that the teachers do not view the question of the purpose of their subjects in terms of either/or. Rather, it suggests they see their obligations as a matter of professional judgment and customised responses to unique didactic situations.
KAJIAN PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DIKAWASAN WISATA PANTAI PARANGTRITIS KABUPATEN BANTUL

This study aims to assess the distribution and the volume of waste in Parangtritis tourism area, evaluate waste management systems that have been done by the local district, assess the effectiveness of waste management systems and assess management strategies in the Parangtritis tourism area. This research is expected to be useful as an input to local government in policy-making in waste management in the Parangtritis tourism area. The method used in this research is descriptive method by using surveys. Data were obtained through questioners and interviews of 100 respondents and 5 informants from the local government. Determination of the site was undertaken with a purposive sampling technique, while the sampling technique using stratified random sampling method. The analysis in this research is descriptive analysis using frequency tables. The results showed that the distribution of trash accumulating in the Mancingan Hamlet (Parangtritis Beach), Grogol IX Hamlet (Parangkusumo Beach), and Depok Hamlet (Depok Beach). The volume of waste generated per day by local community and the tourists is equal to 1.547 liters per day in the Parangtritis Beach, 1.275 liters per day at Parangkusumo Beach, and Depok Beach equal to 1.491,8 liters per day. The volume of garbage on holidays or national holidays of 7.364 liters per day at Parangtritis Beach, 7.092 liters per day at Parangkusumo Beach, while Depok Beach produce waste generation amounted to 7.303,8 liters per day. The system of environmental management has been considered not effective enough and it can be seen from not yet lifted overall waste generation in a single day to a landfill. The cleaner every morning pick up the trash once a day. The availability of waste facilities and infrastructure are widely available (according to 55% of respondents) with a pretty good quality (according to 45% of respondents). In terms of financing, the levy is paid fairly in accordance with the performance of a janitor and amounts collected are found to be a burden. Local government regulations has been socialized and well implemented, but there are no articles that give strict punishment to violators.
Preliminary Records of Otolith-Marked Chum Salmon found in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean in 2006 and 2007

We examined otolith marks on chum salmon caught in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea during the spring and summer of 2006 and 2007. Otolith marks were detected in 190 of 8,295 immature and maturing fish. Of these marked salmon, 13 fish were found in the North Pacific Ocean and 177 fish were found in the Bering Sea. Approximately 90% of the marked salmon were released from Japanese hatcheries. Other marked fish originated from hatcheries in Alaska, Russia, and the Republic of Korea. Our results suggest that otolith-marked chum salmon released from NPAFC countries are detectable in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean. Our study demonstrated that otolith marking is a useful tool for identifying hatchery of origin of individual chum salmon in the ocean. We believe this technique will be useful for the international management of anadromous salmon stocks.
non-linear trade-off

This study develops a multi-factor framework where not only market risk is considered but also potential changes in the investment opportunity set. Although previous studies find no clear evidence about a positive and significant relation between return and risk, favourable evidence can be obtained if a non-linear relation is pursued. The positive and significant risk-return trade-off is essentially observed during low volatility periods. However, this relationship is not obtained during periods of high volatility. Also, different patterns for the risk premium dynamics in low and high volatility periods are obtained both in prices of risk and market risk dynamics.
THE INVESTIGATION OF LIPOPROTEIN-RELATED PHOSFOLIPASE A2 (LP-PLA2) V279F MUTATION IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Objective: Despite advances in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, coronary artery disease (CAD) maintains to be the leading cause of death in many nations. The media layer of normal and diseased arteries contains lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), which is mostly made by mast, T lymphocytes, and monocytes. Our research sought to define how the Lp-PLA2 and V279F gene polymorphisms relate to CAD. Materials and Methods: This study included 71 controls and 109 patients. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profiles, were measured the enzymatic colorimetric technique. Lp-PLA2 levels were detected with ELISA. The genomic DNAs were isolated from whole blood. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with the V279F mutation detection kit was used to identify the Lp-PLA2 V279F mutation. Results: In the CAD compared to the controls, serum Lp-PLA2 levels were higher (p 0.001). While FF (mutant) genotypes and VF (heterozygous) genotypes were absent from both groups, the Lp-PLA2 V279F mutation was discovered as the VV (wild) genotype in both control and CAD. Conclusion: As a result, we determined that the Lp-PLA2 V279F mutation cannot be considered a genetic risk factor for CAD, but that Lp-PLA2 elevation may be an important parameter for CAD.
Breaking Bad News – Perceptions of Pediatric Residents

Communication skills training has not been formally included in the postgraduate curriculum, even though the MCI has recognized its importance in undergraduate medical education [1]. Resident doctors generally have poor communication skills although they face daily challenges dealing with angry or dissatisfied relatives [2]. Breaking bad news is a key determinant of psychological wellbeing, especially when dealing with chronic illnesses [3]. There has been some progress with the introduction of the ATCOM module, but the reliance on ‘role models’ and the ‘hidden curriculum’ have been the norm [4,5].
EVALUATION OF LOCAL SCOUR AROUND BRIDGE PIERS (RIVER NILE BRIDGES AS CASE STUDY)

The construction of any river obstruction has some morphological impacts on the river bed and flow as it implies some disturbance to the river water flow. This disturbance causes local scour to occur due to bridge construction. It is very essential to estimate, measure, monitor, and mitigate (if necessary) these impacts. River Nile has many bridges constructed along its course from Aswan till the Mediterranean Sea. For this research, two bridges were considered as two study cases for bridges constructed along the River Nile; Aswan Bridge and EL Minia Bridge. The two bridges are considered two major bridges and so their impacts should be studied and evaluated. The impacts of the bridge construction are evaluated from the bed survey during different periods including the recent hydrographic survey for the River Nile. Mathematical modeling was used to evaluate the expected local scour. The computer model HEC-RAS (developed by the US Army Corps of Engineers), was used to evaluate local scour around the bridge piers. Conclusions and recommendations were highlighted.
USE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MUNICIPAL WATER RESTRICTIONS DURING DROUGHT IN COLORADO 1

ABSTRACT: Drought conditions in the summer of 2002 prompted several cities along Colorado's Front Range to enact restrictions on outdoor water use, focusing primarily on limiting the frequency of lawn watering. The different approaches utilized by eight water providers were tracked to determine the level of water savings achieved, measured as a comparison of 2002 usage to 2000 to 2001 average usage, and also based on a statistical estimate of 2002 “expected use” that accounts for the impact of drought conditions on demand. Mandatory restrictions were shown to be an effective tool for drought coping. During periods of mandatory restrictions, savings measured in expected use per capita ranged from 18 to 56 percent, compared to just 4 to 12 percent savings during periods of voluntary restrictions. As anticipated, providers with the most stringent restrictions achieved the greatest savings.
Numerical study of divertor detachment in TCV H-mode scenarios

The effect of divertor closure and nitrogen seeding on the detachment process has been studied by performing 2D numerical simulations of tokamak à configuration variable (TCV) H-mode divertor scenarios with the SOLEDGE3X-EIRENE edge plasma transport code. The simulations reveal that, in the cases with only deuterium gas fuelling, detachment occurs at a similar level of divertor neutral pressure ( ≈ 0.76 Pa), despite the difference in divertor closure achieved by changing the length of the outer baffle. Nitrogen reduces the target temperature with little effect on the upstream density and momentum loss but drops the upstream pressure, leading to a decrease in the target particle flux and divertor neutral pressure. Furthermore, when the radiation front starts to move up from the outer target, the peak parallel heat flux level at the outer target remains approximately the same ( ≈2.3 MW m−2), regardless of whether it is a deuterium fuelling scan, a nitrogen seeding scan at a fixed fuelling rate, or a change in the length of the outer baffle. An empirical partial detachment qualifier calibrated on AUG experimental data was compared with the TCV simulations. The results show good agreement in detachment state prediction, indicating the potential of this detachment qualifier to be applied in devices of different sizes, emphasizing the combined influence of input power entering the divertor, neutral pressure, and the concentration and species of impurity in achieving divertor detachment.
Exercise as a Promising Agent against Cancer: Evaluating Its Anti-Cancer Molecular Mechanisms

Simple Summary Cancer is the main cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The incidence of physical inactivity is gradually increasing, reaching alarmingly high levels. Several review articles have summarized the potential beneficial effects of exercise in several aspects of the lifestyles of patients with cancer. However, only a few outdated review articles have focused on the anti-cancer molecular mechanisms of exercise. In view of the above considerations, the aim of this review study is to highlight the interrelationship between cancer and exercise on a molecular basis, evaluating the most well-established molecular mechanisms of exercise against cancer development and progression. This review study aims to provide convincing evidence that exercise may be a complementary part of the medical treatment of cancer patients, underlining the most important anti-cancer molecular mechanisms, which may contribute to cancer prevention and co-treatment. Abstract Background: Cancer cases are continuously increasing, while the prevalence rates of physical inactivity are also continuously increasing. Physical inactivity is a causative factor in non-communicable diseases, including cancer. However, the potential beneficial effects of exercise on cancer treatment have not received much attention so far. The aim of this study was to highlight the relationship between cancer and exercise on a molecular basis. Methods: Comprehensive and in-depth research was conducted in the most accurate scientific databases by using relevant and effective keywords. Results: The mechanisms by which exercise may reduce cancer risk and/or progression may include the metabolic profile of hormones, systemic inflammation reduction, insulin sensitivity increase, antioxidant capacity augmentation, the boost to the immune system, and the direct effect on the tumor. There is currently substantial evidence that the effect of exercise may predict a stronger association with cancer and could supplementarily be embedded in cancer clinical practice to improve disease progression and prognosis. Conclusion: The field of this study requires interconnecting the overall knowledge of exercise physiology with cancer biology and cancer clinical oncology to provide the basis for personalized targeting strategies that can be merged with training as a component of a holistic co-treatment approach to optimize cancer healthcare.
National Climate Information Centre Climate Memorandum No 21 A spatial analysis of trends in the UK climate since 1914 using gridded datasets

1 reprinted 13 August 2008 Monthly and annual gridded datasets covering the UK at 5km resolution have been created for a range of variables, using a dense network of station data and GIS-based regression and interpolation techniques. The datasets cover temperature and precipitation from 1914 to 2004, sunshine from 1929 to 2004, and a range of other variables from 1961 including air pressure, vapour pressure, derived temperature indices, snow cover, wind speed, and rainfall intensity. These datasets have been analysed in order to investigate patterns of change over time and space in the UK climate. Linear regression and the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test are used to discover any trends present in the data. Time series are presented using kernel smoothing techniques. Regional differentiation in the patterns and changes is assessed by dividing the UK into 10 climate districts, and the trends are also calculated at each 5km x 5km grid point and presented on maps. As expected, the most significant trends are found for temperature, with increases of up to 1°C since 1914. The most significant trend for precipitation is the decrease in summer values, but there are interesting spatial patterns with a strong increase in winter precipitation in north and west Scotland. These patterns are also reflected in reverse in the trends for sunshine.
Interpretation of Cenozoic Tectonics in the Right-Lateral Accommodation Zone Between the Ailao Shan Shear Zone and the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis

The region between India and South China has evolved tectonically as an accommodation zone during postcollisional intracontinental deformation between the Indian and Eurasian plates. During postcollisional convergence, and as India rotated in a counterclockwise direction, the eastern Himalayan syntaxis migrated northward, and crustal material between India and South China was subject to increasing amounts of shortening and right-lateral shear. Crustal fragments were extruded to the southeast from north of the syntaxis, bounded on the west by the right-lateral Gaoligong fault and on the east by the left-lateral Ailao Shan shear zone. Between these two shear zones, crustal material was deformed by shortening, strike-slip faulting, and clockwise rotation. Clockwise rotation caused bending and superposed shortening of early structures, leading to the development of NE-trending left-lateral shear zones and E-W extension. Extrusion of crustal material was accompanied by significant internal deformation of crust.
Botulinum toxin-A in the treatment of upper facial wrinkles: efficacy comparison of different formulations

Objective: It is suggested that different formulations of botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) used for the same indication might be a factor affecting patient satisfaction. This study aimed to assess patient satisfaction levels in treating upper facial wrinkles (UFW) using various BoNT-A formulations and their association with age and gender. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 600 UFW patients treated with different formulations of BoNT-A. The BoNT-A formulations included three different groups: onaBoNT-A (ONA, n:200), aboBoNT-A (ABO, n:200), and praBoNT-A (PRA, n:200). In the patient files or records, satisfaction levels from the BoNT-A application were scored as follows: 1: not satisfied, 2: slightly satisfied, 3: satisfied, 4: very satisfied, 5: completely satisfied. Results: The mean patient satisfaction scores were similar in the ONA and ABO groups, but higher in the PRA group (4.4±0.5 vs. 4.3±0.6 vs. 4.0±0.9, P <0.001, respectively). The mean satisfaction score of the patients aged 18-30 and those aged >60 were lower than the other age groups. Among all patients in the 41-50 age range, the patient satisfaction score was higher in the ONA group than the ABO and PRA group. In all female patients, the mean satisfaction score was lower in the PRA group compared to the ONA and ABO groups (P <0.001), Conclusions: While various BoNT-A formulations are generally associated with high patient satisfaction in the treatment of UFW, this can vary depending on age ranges and gender. Evaluating patient-related factors such as age and gender can contribute to the treatment planning for UFW and enhancing treatment adherence.
A Mechanistic Model for Hydrogen Production in an AnMBR Treating High Strength Wastewater

In the global race to produce green hydrogen, wastewater-to-H2 is a sustainable alternative that remains unexploited. Efficient technologies for wastewater-to-H2 are still in their developmental stages, and urgent process intensification is required. In our study, a mechanistic model was developed to characterize hydrogen production in an AnMBR treating high-strength wastewater (COD > 1000 mg/L). Two aspects differentiate our model from existing literature: First, the model input is a multi-substrate wastewater that includes fractions of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Second, the model integrates the ADM1 model with physical/biochemical processes that affect membrane performance (e.g., membrane fouling). The model includes mass balances of 27 variables in a transient state, where metabolites, extracellular polymeric substances, soluble microbial products, and surface membrane density were included. Model results showed the hydrogen production rate was higher when treating amino acids and sugar-rich influents, which is strongly related to higher EPS generation during the digestion of these metabolites. The highest H2 production rate for amino acid-rich influents was 6.1 LH2/L-d; for sugar-rich influents was 5.9 LH2/L-d; and for lipid-rich influents was 0.7 LH2/L-d. Modeled membrane fouling and backwashing cycles showed extreme behaviors for amino- and fatty-acid-rich substrates. Our model helps to identify operational constraints for H2 production in AnMBRs, providing a valuable tool for the design of fermentative/anaerobic MBR systems toward energy recovery.
Genetic Evaluation of Bovine Papillomavirus Types Associated with Teat Papillomatosis in Polish Dairy Cattle with the Report of a New Putative Type

Teat papillomatosis is reported to be one of the factors causing mastitis and milk losses in dairy cattle. Little is known about bovine papillomavirus (BPV) circulation in the European cattle population, and no reports can yet be found about its prevalence in Polish herds. In this study, 177 BPV-like lesions were collected from teats of 109 slaughtered cows. BPV was identified in 39 of the examined animals, using PCR amplification and Sanger dideoxy sequencing. In total, 10 BPV types were isolated, among which the most common were infections caused by types 8 and 7. Macroscopically, “rice-grain” type lesions dominated (76%) and were mainly found on one teat (57.4%). The diversity of BPV types causing teat papillomatosis in Polish cows seems to be large, with nine already known types isolated and a new putative type found. The spread of new types among the worldwide cattle population can be seen for the first time, as type 25 and so called isolates BPV42 and BPV43 were found in the European cattle population.
Ecological Apparency Hypothesis and Plant Utility in the Semiarid Region of Brazil

The ecological apparency hypothesis seeks to understand the dynamics of use that a particular species has through its availability in vegetation areas. According to this hypothesis, apparent plants are the most collected and used by humans. This hypothesis was tested in the rural community of Santa Rita, municipality of Congo, in Cariri microregion (Paraiba state, Northeast Brazil). We calculated the use value (UV) for each species. For the phytosociological inventory, we adopted the point-quadrant method, plotting 500 points distributed in the vegetation areas of the community, registering the perimeter measurements and height of 2000 plants. Interviews were conducted with householders, totaling 98 informants (41 men and 57 women), and 24 species, 21 genera, and 11 families were recorded. The cited species were grouped into 11 utility categories. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to correlate phytosociological and ethnobotanical data. The use values of the species did not correlate with phytosociological parameters. Regarding the use categories, there were positive correlations for fuel (UV with dominance and basal area), construction (UV with all phytosociological parameters), fodder (UV with all parameters), and poison/abortion categories (UV with density and frequency). Ecological apparency significantly explained the local importance of useful plants in fuel, construction, and fodder categories, and less significantly for poison/abortion.