Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of hive entrance orientation on honey bee colony activity

Abstract In an effort to determine the effects of the orientation of hive entrance on honey bee colony activity and temperature, hives were placed facing different cardinal directions (3–5 hives per direction). Hive weight was recorded every 5 minutes and temperature every 30 minutes from April 2019 to June 2020. Daily weight data were analyzed using piecewise regression. In southern Arizona from December to March, hives facing east started daily flight activity 50 minutes earlier than hives facing west and ended flight activity 57 minutes earlier than hives facing south. During that period east-facing hives had the lowest daily hive weight loss, 62 g per d compared to 100 g per d for north-facing hives. East-facing hives were also about 7 °C cooler on average than west-facing hives, suggesting that lower hive weight loss was due to lower food consumption which was directly related to lower colony cluster temperatures. From December to March hives facing east also had significantly lower morning weight loss due to departing foragers than hives facing north (indicating more foragers) but higher weight loss from April to June 2020. Most effects were observed from December to March, probably due to restricted daylight hours and lower ambient temperatures. No significant effects were observed with respect to visually-estimated adult bee numbers (frames of bees) or the surface areas of the sealed brood. We recommend hive orientation be taken into account in the design of field experiments that involve monitoring colony activity.
Study of a low-pressure nitrogen plasma boundary layer over a metallic plate

The modeling of a low-pressure nitrogen plasma boundary layer over a flat plate is presented and compared with numerous measurements carried out on this test case. Shortcomings of state-of-the art physical and chemical models are discussed. In particular, wall conditions for a nitrogen plasma over a metallic plate are studied in detail. It is shown that in given flow conditions, the accommodation coefficient of the vibrational mode on the metallic plate is very small. A complex recombination process of N+ ions at the wall is proposed to explain the low values of N number densities measured.
Epidemiological profile of hospitalized human metapneumovirus in a capital of central-west of Brazil from 2017 to 2019: high lethality at extremes of age

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a paramyxovirus that causes airway infections. hMPV symptoms range from mild infections of the upper respiratory tract to infections as serious as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. From 2018 to 2019, there was a high incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in the State of Goiás with a relative increase in hMPV incidence. This study aimed to assess the hMPV epidemiology of cases treated at tertiary hospitals of Goiás, as there are not significant published data from hMPV infection in Brazil. We performed a retrospective and descriptive analysis of a case series of patients infected with hMPV diagnosed by PCR (16 individuals), through medical records review from 2017 to 2019. The observed age distribution was bimodal, with the disease affecting individuals at extremes of age (median of 3.5 years old in the first stratum and median of 52 years in the second stratum). The time between the onset of flu-like symptoms and the first medical assessment had an average of 5 days. The most frequent severe symptoms were respiratory distress/dyspnea and oxygen saturation <95% (93.7% as media), even in patients without comorbidities. The most frequent complications were acute renal failure (18.7%) and healthcare-associated infections (43.7%). Death occurred in 37.5% of patients. hMPV may cause upper and lower respiratory tract infections in patients of all age groups, but the symptomatic disease occurs more frequently at extremes of age. In the pandemic caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which is known to lead to influenza-like and SARS, the differential diagnosis of the etiologic agent becomes paramount. KEY WORDS: Respiratory tract infections; paramyxoviridae infections; acute disease.
On the Effective Region of Convergence of the Decomposition Series Solution

In this paper we investigate the domain of convergence of the Adomian series solution based on the computational results for several examples. We demonstrate how the domain of convergence can be extended by introducing a parameter c in the definition of the zeroth-order and first-order solution components u0 and u1. Furthermore we generalize the concept of the convergence parameter c from a two-term partition of the initial condition to a multiple-term partition with the design of expanding the domain of convergence of the Adomian series solutions for nonlinear differential equations.
The Cepheid distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud and NGC 4258 by the surface brightness technique and improved calibration of the cosmic distance scale

I report on the implementation of the surface brightness (SB) technique aimed at deriving reliable Cepheid angular diameters at optical wavelengths and then Baade-Wesselink (BW) distances using spectroscopic linear radii. The technique is applied to calibrate the Galactic distance scale and the distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) based on this Galactic calibration. The LMC distance benefits from the large number of Cepheids with high-precision photometry and reddening data available by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment of Udalski et al. and from improvements and refinements, including (i) a least-squares (LS) fitting approach to the individual distances to recover the distance modulus unbiased by the period distribution of target Cepheids and (ii) a better understanding of the metallicity effects on the period-luminosity relations and SB scales. The resulting true distance modulus of the LMC is μ 0 (LMC) = [18.559 ± 0.003 (random) ± 0.026 (systematic)] mag. The SB technique is also applied to confidently determine the Cepheid distance to the maser host galaxy NGC 4258. Cepheids in the inner region with near solar metallicity yield a true distance modulus of μ 0 (NGC 4258) = [29.28 ± 0.03 (random) ± 0.03 (systematic)] mag, in excellent agreement, at the 0.01 mag level, with the high-weight geometric water maser distance modulus. It is shown that the current data-reduction approach of averaging individual Cepheid distances can introduce significant systematic errors in the distance scale calibration. From a small sample of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) based galaxies, I derive an overall error of (12 ± 5) per cent, which would suggest a downward revision of the Freedman et al. Hubble constant to the value H 0 = (63 ± 7) km s -1 Mpc -1 , other things being equal.
An Alternative Information Theory Approach for Modelling Spatial Interaction

In the use of information theory for the development of forecasting models, two alternative approaches can be used, based either on Shannon entropy or on Kullback information gain. In this paper, a new approach is presented, which combines the usually superior statistical inference powers of the Kullback procedure with the advantages of the availability of calibrated ‘elasticity’ parameters in the Shannon approach. Situations are discussed where the combined approach is preferable to either of the two existing procedures, and the principles are illustrated with the help of a small numerical example.
Measurement of several transition probabilities in singly-ionized krypton

This work reports a collection of 35 transition probabilities of lines in the spectral region 450{580 nm, all of them measured in an emission experiment. Relative intensity measurements have been made in a pulsed discharge lamp and the absolute Aki values have been obtained by using reference data taken from the literature. The electron density has been determined by two-wavelength interferometry and ranges from 0: 1t o 0:810 23 m 3 in the plasma. Temperature (14 000{24 000 K) has been simultaneously determined from three dierent methods, including the Boltzmann-plot of KrII lines and the KrII/KrI intensities ratios. The nal results have been compared with most of the previous existing data.
An improved uniform approximation for diffraction integrals

A saddle point formula for integrals whose integrands possess a multi-valued exponent, and one or more poles is derived. The result includes a number of error (or Fresnel) functions, which is equal to the product of the number of poles and the number of sheets possessed by the exponent's Riemann surface. Such formulae have previously been suggested on the basis of known exact results and transformations, both of which are specific to a particular exponent. In general, the multi-valuedness can be taken into account by a straightforward modification to a standard procedure, which would ordinarily yield only a single error function for each pole. In the context of diffraction theory, this type of approximation remains valid in the vicinity of an optical boundary, even in some cases where a wavefield is incident in a direction almost or exactly parallel to a sharp obstacle (grazing incidence).
An efficient numerical method for computing the topological sensitivity of arbitrary‐shaped features in plate bending

The objective of this paper is to introduce an efficient numerical scheme to compute the topological sensitivity (TS) of arbitrary‐shaped features in plate bending. The proposed method captures the first‐order change in quantities of interest (example: plate compliance) when an arbitrary‐shaped feature is created within a plate. Both the theory and algorithms are provided to rapidly compute the feature‐specific TS for the classic Kirchhoff–Love plate models.
Is carbon removal delaying emission reductions?

Carbon dioxide removal is rapidly becoming a key focus in climate research and politics. This is raising concerns of “moral hazard” or “mitigation deterrence,” that is, the risk that promises of and/or efforts to pursue carbon removal end up reducing or delaying near‐term mitigation efforts. Some, however, contest this risk, arguing that it is overstated or lacking evidence. In this review, we explore the reasons behind the disagreement in the literature. We unpack the different ways in which moral hazard/mitigation deterrence (MH/MD) is conceptualized and examine how these conceptualizations inform assessments of MH/MD risks. We find that MH/MD is a commonly recognized feature of modeled mitigation pathways but that conclusions as to the real‐world existence of MH/MD diverge on individualistic versus structural approaches to examining it. Individualistic approaches favor narrow conceptualizations of MH/MD, which tend to exclude the wider political‐economic contexts in which carbon removal emerges. This exclusion limits the value and relevance of such approaches. We argue for a broader understanding of what counts as evidence of delaying practices and propose a research agenda that complements theoretical accounts of MH/MD with empirical studies of the political‐economic structures that may drive mitigation deterrence dynamics.
Spatial distribution of 2019 forest and land fires in Indonesia

Forest and land fires in 2019 were recorded as major events with extensive impacts on various aspects in Indonesia. An evaluation of forest and land fires in 2019 is required to determine the distribution and pattern of fires to be a significant input in overcoming forest and land fires in the future. This study aimed to evaluate forest fires based on area distribution, land cover, and area functions. This study used hotspot maps, land cover maps and forest area maps in 2019 to analyze the spatial distribution of locations and types of land cover that were indicated to be burning. The 2019 Landsat 8 OLI satellite images were used to identify types of land cover related to fires. We found that forest and land fires in 2019 in Indonesia were mostly spread on non-forest land with the type of land cover of shrubs, swamp shrub, and plantations with an area function for other use. The five provinces with the most fire hotspots detected were Central Kalimantan, West Kalimantan, Jambi, Riau, and South Sumatera. Most of the fire areas in the provinces that are vulnerable to fires are on peatlands. It requires serious and sustainable efforts to increase productivity and land value to reduce the area of unmanaged land and increase supervision of plantation companies that do not have an adequate forest and land fire management system.
Agronomic performance of F7 soybean lines resistant to Soybean mosaic virus in the dryland area

In Indonesia, soybean cultivation is generally planted in paddy fields after the rice harvest. However, expanding soybean cultivation is needed to make optimal dry land in the future. This study aims to obtain F7 soybean lines resistant to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) adaptive in the dry land. In the dry land planted eleven soybean breeding lines resistant to SMV and two varieties as control. Ten days after planting (DAP), soybean plants were inoculated with SMV. The experiment was conducted in the randomized complete block design with four replicates within each area. These results showed that the GK/PI200.485-7-17 line was the most superior soybean line and the potency to develop in the dryland area because it had the highest number of branches per plant, number of filled pods per plant, and 100-seed weight. The tested line showed the highest seed yields of 2.40 t/ha, and 2.72 t/ha, in Girisubo and Sidowayah Districts, respectively. This line did not indicate any serological relationship to SMV in both locations.
Growth of Arengapinnata Seedlings on Three Different Media

Aren (Arengapinnata) trees are the second most important palm trees in Indonesia. However, little information on the effect of media on growth of aren (sugar palm) tree seedlings. The growth of six monts old seedlings on three media, namely soil, soil+Trichocompost, and sawdust+Trichocompost was studied. It was found that the growth of seedlings 45 days after replanting on soil+Trichocompost was higher than that of on sawdust+Trichocompost; However, the growth of the seedlings on soil media was not significantly lower than that of on soil+Trichocompost, nor significantly higher than that of on sawdust+Trichocompost.It was recommended that soil+Trichocompost and sawdust+Trichocompost can be used for aren seedling growing media.
Direction finding using spatial smoothing with interpolated arrays

The problem of estimating the directions of arrival (DOAs) of signals, some of which may be perfectly correlated, is considered. A computationally efficient estimation algorithm which combines the ideas of spatial smoothing and array interpolation is derived. In one of its forms the proposed algorithm uses the root-MUSIC (root multiple signal classification) technique to compute the DOA estimates, thus avoiding the search procedure associated with the conventional MUSIC algorithm. The proposed technique can be applied to arbitrary array geometries and a general signal covariance matrix. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated by extensive simulations, and compared with the Cramer-Rao lower bound for the DOA estimates. >
Vapor flux associated with return flow over the Gulf of Mexico: a sensitivity study using adjoint modeling

The moisture flux associated with a return-flow event in the Gulf ofMexico is studied with the aidof a regional forecastmodel and its adjoint.The adjointmodel allows us to determine the derivativesof some aspect of the model output (a scalar, J) with respect to elements of the control vector(initial and boundary conditions). We choose J to be the northward moisture flux through avertical cross section in the northwestern corner of the Gulf at the time when the moisture surgein the US is a maximum. The sensitivities (VJ) are used in conjunction with a set of optimalperturbations to estimate the impact of each of the perturbations on the moisture flux. The perturbationsare chosen to have the structure of the sensitivities (making them optimal as describedin the text), with magnitudes based on the (assumed) uncertainties in the model’s initial andboundary conditions. The linear impact estimate is simply the projection of the perturbation ontothe sensitivity fields. In complementary fashion, we introduce perturbations into the nonlinearforecast model and decompose the actual impact on J into thermodynamic and dynamic components, in order to better understand the nature of the sensitivity. From this numerical experimentwe conclude the following. J is more sensitive to the temperature field than to the other prognosticvariables, roughly by a factor of 3 or 4, based on the optimal perturbations used here. The sensitivityto each of the 3-D prognostic variables peaks in the lower atmosphere near 85 kPa. The sensitivityof J to the sea surface temperature (Ts, a fixed boundary condition) increases with forecast length.More than 30 h before the verification time, the impact of an optimal perturbation to Ts is comparableto the impact of an optimal perturbation to the whole 3-D air temperature field. The zonesof sensitivity to the Ts are intimately tied to the trajectories of low-level air which terminate at thecross section. The impact of an optimal perturbation to the topography along the Sierra MadreOriental mountains is comparable to the impact of optimal perturbations in each of the 3-Dprognostic variables (except T ).
Uncertainties of Temperature Measurements on Snow-Covered Land and Sea Ice from In Situ and MODIS Data during BROMEX

AbstractThe Bromine, Ozone, and Mercury Experiment (BROMEX) was conducted in March and April of 2012 near Barrow, Alaska, to investigate impacts of Arctic sea ice reduction on chemical processes. During BROMEX, multiple sensors were deployed to measure air and surface temperature. The uncertainties in temperature measurement on snow-covered land and sea ice surfaces were examined using in situ data and temperature measurements that were derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and are part of the Terra and Aqua ice-surface temperature and land-surface temperature (LST) standard data products. Following an ~24-h cross-calibration study, two Thermochrons (small temperature-sensing devices) were deployed at each of three field sites: a sea ice site in the Chukchi Sea, a mixed-cover site, and a homogeneous tundra site. At each site, one Thermochron was shielded from direct sunlight and one was left unshielded, and they were placed on top of the snow or ice. The best agreement bet.
Assessment of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Experimental Data for Shock Boundary-Layer Interactions

A workshop on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) prediction of shock boundary-layer interactions (SBLIs) was held at the 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. As part of the workshop, numerous CFD analysts submitted solutions to four experimentally measured SBLIs. This paper describes the assessment of the CFD predictions. The assessment includes an uncertainty analysis of the experimental data, the definition of an error metric, and the application of that metric to the CFD solutions. The CFD solutions provided very similar levels of error and, in general, it was difficult to discern clear trends in the data. For the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) methods, the choice of turbulence model appeared to be the largest factor in solution accuracy. Scale-resolving methods, such as large-eddy simulation (LES), hybrid RANS/LES, and direct numerical simulation, produced error levels similar to RANS methods but provided superior predictions of normal stresses. Copyright © 2012 by Daniella E. Raveh and Michael Iovnovich.
A numerical study of moist stratified flows over isolated topography

In order to improve our understanding of orographic precipitation processes, a study of a 3-D flow over and around an isolated, Gaussian shaped mountain, with circular horizontal section, has been tackled. The effect of moisture is analysed systematically, by estimating the role of different parameters in the case of a simple stratified flow. The presence of humidity in the atmosphere can effectively change the flow regime with respect to the dry case, with the same wind and temperature upstream profiles. The energy exchange due to the release of latent heat tends, in general, to increase “flow over” an obstacle in detriment of “flow around”. This result can be interpreted, to a first approximation, as a change in the local value of the Brunt-Vaisala frequency. However, as regards the interpretation of results, questions arise due to the irregular distribution of saturated portions, particularly downstream, and due to the fact that the volume of saturated air is a function itself of the flow regime near the obstacle. Some non-linear effects, such as the formation of upstream blocking and lee vortices, are confined to higher mountains in comparison with the dry case. The critical adimensional height for wave breaking is also moved by condensation to higher mountains, since moisture tends to decrease the wave amplitude. An increase of the adimensional height up to a certain value increases the volume of saturated air and the amount of precipitation; however, the opposite effect occurs for very high mountains. In general, the drag is strongly reduced in comparison with the dry case.
Nature, properties, and origin of low‐frequency waves from an oblique shock to the inner magnetosheath

We analyze the high time-resolution profiles of the electron density and of the magnetic field and the plasma parameters recorded by ISEE 1 and 2 during a crossing of the Earth's magnetosheath at 1430 LT. Compressive and Alfven ion cyclotron modes (AIC modes) are identified by comparing the measured magnetic polarization and electron parallel compressibility with the results of calculations in an unstable kinetic linear model. A criterion to discuss the accuracy of the wave vector direction of mirror modes is established; an efficient method to disentangle mirror and AIC modes is presented and applied. From the bow shock to the inner sheath we identify successively (1) compressive modes and AIC modes in the oblique shock, (2) a pure AIC mode region of circularly and elliptically polarized waves in a layer 0.3 RE thick adjacent to the undershoot, (3) a mixed region 2 RE thick where both mirror modes and AIC modes are observed, (4) a pure mirror mode region. The nature of the dominant mode appears to be controlled by the depth in the magnetosheath, more than by the local values of βp and the proton temperature anisotropy Tp⊥/Tp‖. In the outer sheath the unusual identification of a pure Alfvenic region for a large average proton beta βp = 13 and a moderate proton temperature anisotropy could be explained by a relatively low density of α particles. The mirror modes are three-dimensional structures with their major axis along the magnetic field and with their minor axis nearly perpendicular to the magnetopause surface. We estimate the dimensions of ordered structures observed in the middle of the magnetosheath for a βp around 7 ± 1 and Tp⊥/Tp‖ around 1.5; the minor axis of regular mirror modes is typically between 1300 and 1900 km long; the intermediate dimension is larger than either 2200 or 2700 km, while the major axis is larger than either 2700 or 3400 km. For the first time the measured parallel compressibility of the pure mirror modes is shown to be in relatively good agreement with the linear model predictions for 4 < βp < 11. The absence of AIC modes in the inner sheath suggests that these modes cannot grow or propagate in regions where mirror modes are well developed and that AIC wave energy is not transferred across a large-amplitude mirror mode region.