Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Unsupervised Method for Learning Representations of Multi-word Expressions for Semantic Classification

This paper explores an unsupervised approach to learning a compositional representation function for multi-word expressions (MWEs), and evaluates it on the Tratz dataset, which associates two-word expressions with the semantic relation between the compound constituents (e.g. the label employer is associated with the noun compound government agency) (Tratz, 2011). The composition function is based on recurrent neural networks, and is trained using the Skip-Gram objective to predict the words in the context of MWEs. Thus our approach can naturally leverage large unlabeled text sources. Further, our method can make use of provided MWEs when available, but can also function as a completely unsupervised algorithm, using MWE boundaries predicted by a single, domain-agnostic part-of-speech pattern. With pre-defined MWE boundaries, our method outperforms the previous state-of-the-art performance on the coarse-grained evaluation of the Tratz dataset (Tratz, 2011), with an F1 score of 50.4%. The unsupervised version of our method approaches the performance of the supervised one, and even outperforms it in some configurations.
UNDERSTANDING THE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' BEHAVIOR TOWARDS MOBILE VIRAL MARKETING: AN APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR

Past studies conducted research about Mobile Viral Marketing focusing on the usefulness of Mobile Viral Marketing from the marketers’ perspective and little information exists regarding the motivations, attitudes, and behaviors of consumers engaged in the new phenomena of Mobile Viral Marketing, especially in the context of developing counties such as Egypt. In the era of globalization and in the light of the on-going technological revolution, this knowledge is valuable and should be unveiled to provide a guiding light for marketers and companies on how to properly formulate a successful mobile viral marketing campaign that will reach target segment. The focus of this study is to utilize Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior to study university students’ actual mobile viral marketing behavior. To apply the theory of planned behavior, questionnaires were manually passed out to 404 Egyptian private university students to examine young Egyptian consumer’s actual mobile viral marketing forwarding behavior through studying their mobile viral marketing attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention. The outcome of the study is that the young Egyptian consumer’s attitude towards mobile viral marketing, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control collectively predicted their behavioral intention and their behavioral intention predicted their actual behavior towards mobile viral marketing. The study shed light for researchers and marketers alike on the critical components of mobile marketing strategies and sets the ground for future research in the emerging field of mobile viral marketing.
Interaction effect of perceived service quality and brand image on customer satisfaction

Service quality has received considerable attention in academic perspective today's backed by the complexities and Interaction of providing service Therefore this study seek to determine the interaction effect of service quality and brand image on satisfaction of Sudanese private healthcare customer. A survey was conducted among 450 patients in Makah eyes hospitals to measure service quality of the private healthcare setting in Sudan using SERVQUAL 5 dimensions model by Parasuraman et al (1985). The results showed that perception quality in Sudanese Health sector consists of three dimensions (tangibles, responsiveness and empathy). In addition the results indicated that the interaction effect of service quality variables and brand image is a positive influenced customer satisfaction. thus, result of this study can help health care providers and managers to have deep understanding about how patients’ perceived service quality.
Adoption of Mobile Banking by Microentrepreneurs at the Bottom of the Pyramid

The use of mobile phones has increased globally, offering developing countries the opportunity to improve financial inclusion through mobile banking. However, mobile banking has been little adopted by microentrepreneurs at the bottom of the pyramid, and studies that explain this phenomenon is incipient. Therefore, this study aims to establish factors that influence mobile banking adoption by microentrepreneurs, from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), extended to the relative advantage and perceived risk. Using a sample of 101 microentrepreneurs at the bottom of the pyramid, our findings confirmed that attitude, subjective norms, behavior control, and relative advantages positively affect the appropriation of mobile banking. Thus, banks and mobile services providers can focus on these critical factors to increase the mobile banking adoption rate.
Impact of Financial Leverage on the Value of Firm: Evidence from Some NSE Listed Companies

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of financial leverage on firm’s value. For this purpose 31 NSE listed companies have been taken as a sample size from six different sectors. The study employed Fixed Effect (within) Regression Model as suggested by Hausman Test to find out the impact of financial leverage on firm’s value. [All calculations have been done using STATA 13 and XLSTAT 2016 software]. The findings of the study reveals that there lay a significant negative relationship between Degree of Financial Leverage and the value of firm after controlling the variable Firm’s Size.
Machine learning based Indian spam recognition

—The Short Message Service or SMS has prevailed as a very popular communication channel in mobile phone users since its early advent. However, in this day and age of web-based instant messaging applications, this service has indeed lost its former dependence. Instead, now SMS has turned into the forte of spammers. In this work, a easily available, popular SMS data set has been used, which is modified by adding both regional spam and ham texts that are typed in english. Thereafter the new set of data is processed, features are extracted and then classified by using three widely used classification algorithms, to provide a enriched recognition system that is more suited to identifying SMS spams in the Indian context. Experimental results show that SVM performs most robustly among the classifiers used in our work, as determined by a Monte Carlo approach.
A Dynamic Optimal Capital Structure Model with Costly Adjustment Mechanisms---A Real Option Perspective

This paper develops a dynamic capital structure model with costly adjustment mechanisms. Based on an exogenous cash flow process, the model can endogenously determine the firm value and the claim value of a firm’s derivative security under optimal debt level. It considers costs of adjustment in capital structure, including a fixed and a proportional cost elements. The adjustment costs act as the recapitalization threshold and each of them has significant effects on the adjustment frequency and magnitude in capital structure. The numerical results of simulation analysis of the model are consistent with those expected in literature and intuition.
Raman microscopy in lateral mapping of chemical and physical composition of paper coating

This paper shows how confocal Raman microscopy reveals the distribution of paper coating chemicals in the x-y plane. The use of two microscope objectives enabled bulk and surface analysis of styrene butadiene (SB) latex and calcium carbonate in coated papers. In the bulk coating analysis, spatial mapping of chemical distribution covered 0.15 mm 2 areas with a 10 μm lateral resolution. We analyzed a 1 mm 2 area in shorter measurement time by using a coarser lateral resolution. The bulk compositional maps revealed the distribution of chemicals and gave information on the coating thickness. These measurements were possible to perform through magenta ink; information about ink density could be obtained at the same time. In the surface analysis, the analyzed layer was only about 2 μm thick. The surface measurements were obtained from a larger area (26 cm 2 ), but using fewer measurement points. That led to a shortened analysis time, while giving even more valid quantitative results on the variation of SB-latex content. Application: Lateral Raman mappping can be used to analyze bulk and surface latex distribution. Moreover, bulk mapping gives information about coating thickness in ink density variations.
Ethnic Diversity and Informal Work in Ghana

Abstract We present the first study that examines the effects of ethnic diversity on informal work. Using two waves of data from the Ghana Socioeconomic Panel Survey, we find that ethnic diversity is associated with a higher probability of engaging in informal work. Specifically, our instrumental variable estimates suggest that a unit increase in ethnic diversity is associated with up to a 16.7 percentage point increase in the probability of engaging in informal work. This result is robust to alternative estimation approaches and alternative ways of measuring ethnic diversity. Our results also show that trust, which is lower in ethnically diverse neighbourhoods, is an important channel through which ethnic diversity operates to increase the probability of engaging in informal work. Our results point to the need for policies that promote trust between diverse ethnic groups in heterogeneous societies.
Status of quality supervision of postgraduate research and its influence on the rate of economic growth: A case of universities in Kenya

This study sought to find out the quality processes in supervision of postgraduate student’s research in public and private universities in Kenya. The researcher sought to establish the influence of quality research supervisory practices on economic growth. Data was gathered through a questionnaire using a sample of 381 randomly selected postgraduate students and 66 coordinators of postgraduate studies. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data, while multiple regressions were used to test hypothesis. All calculations were done at confidence level of 0.7 and alpha level of 0.05. The study results indicate that the strongest predictor of the rate of economic growth was supervision training (R 2
Leaning-Against-the-Wind: Which Policy and When?

Abstract This paper quantitatively examines which of the following three widely-used leaning-against-the-wind policies is effective in stabilizing aggregate fluctuations: i) a monetary policy that responds to the loan-to-GDP ratio, ii) a countercyclical LTV policy, and iii) a countercyclical capital requirement policy. In particular, we estimate a New Keynesian model with financial frictions using U.S. data and find that a monetary policy rule that responds positively to the loan-to-GDP ratio Amplifies the macroeconomic fluctuations while a countercyclical LTV policy has almost no effect. On the contrary, a countercyclical capital requirement policy is the most desirable in stabilizing GDP, inflation, and loans. However, the stabilization effect of the optimal countercyclical capital requirement policy is concentrated during periods in which financial shocks played a large role.
Course Scheduling Under Sudden Scarcity: Applications to Pandemic Planning

Problem definition: Physical distancing requirements during the COVID-19 pandemic have dramatically reduced the effective capacity of university campuses. Under these conditions, we examine how to make the most of newly scarce resources in the related problems of curriculum planning and course timetabling. Academic/practical relevance: We propose a unified model for university course scheduling problems under a two-stage framework and draw parallels between component problems while showing how to accommodate individual specifics. During the pandemic, our models were critical to measuring the impact of several innovative proposals, including expanding the academic calendar, teaching across multiple rooms, and rotating student attendance through the week and school year. Methodology: We use integer optimization combined with enrollment data from thousands of past students. Our models scale to thousands of individual students enrolled in hundreds of courses. Results: We projected that if Massachusetts Institute of Technology moved from its usual two-semester calendar to a three-semester calendar, with each student attending two semesters in person, more than 90% of student course demand could be satisfied on campus without increasing faculty workloads. For the Sloan School of Management, we produced a new schedule that was implemented in fall 2020. The schedule allowed half of Sloan courses to include an in-person component while adhering to safety guidelines. Despite a fourfold reduction in classroom capacity, it afforded two thirds of Sloan students the opportunity for in-person learning in at least half their courses. Managerial implications: Integer optimization can enable decision making at a large scale in a domain that is usually managed manually by university administrators. Our models, although inspired by the pandemic, are generic and could apply to any scheduling problem under severe capacity constraints.
Stock price synchronicity, cognitive biases, and momentum

The momentum anomaly is widely attributed to investor cognitive biases, but the trigger of cognitive biases is largely unexplored. In this study, inspired by psychology studies linking cognitive biases to the noisiness of information, we examine whether momentum returns are associated with high stock price synchronicity, a manifestation of noisy firm-specific information. Our results demonstrate that momentum is more pronounced in the presence of high stock price synchronicity. This finding is robust to other explanations and firm characteristics. We also find that stock price synchronicity boosts the profitability of momentum by amplifying investor underreaction to new information.
African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis Stenocarpa) tubers for nutritional security

African yam bean (AYB) is an “orphan” crop in Africa, despite its nutritional benefits and potentials as a food security crop. It produces two valuable products, edible seeds and tubers. The tubers which are consumed in most parts of East and Central Africa have not been given much attention in West Africa. This study also evaluated 40 AYB accessions for tuberization and investigated the proximate, mineral and anti-nutritional composition of tubers of some AYB accessions harvested in the 2011/2012 cropping season. Tuberization occurred in 42.5 % of accessions investigated. Accession TSs 140 produced the highest number of tubers (6 tubers/plant) while AYB1 had the least (1 tuber). Three different tuber shapes were identified; ovate, spindle and irregular, with the spindle shape being the most dominant. Tuberization was more pronounced in 2012 with less rainfall (185.74mm) and sunshine hour (4.9 hr), compared to the 2011 season. The tubers were low in moisture content (10.3%) while crude protein content ranged from 15.05 % (AYB 57) to 15.86 % (TSs 107); and the carbohydrate content ranged from 67.34 % (AYB 45) to 67.96 % (TSs 140). Magnesium and potassium were prominent in AYB tubers evaluated (1.67gkg and 10.09gkg). Antinutrients were generally less in the tubers compared to the seeds. Accessions TSs 107 and TSs 140 had the least anti-nutrients in harvested tubers and had high amounts of protein (15.9% and 15.4%) and carbohydrate (68.7% and 67.9%) respectively. The tubers of AYB could therefore be incorporated into animal feeds and serve as an alternative staple food for man.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, ATTACHMENT STYLE, AND SELF- ESTEEM IN ONLY-CHILD FAMILIES AND TWO-CHILDREN FAMILIES

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, ATTACHMENT STYLES, AND SELF-ESTEEM IN ONLYCHILD FAMILIES AND TWOCHILDREN FAMILIES Emotional intelligence, attachment style, and self-esteem are important variables in social interaction which can affect the social relationship. Also having one child is an important issue in which parents are worried about it which is the adolescent's single families have weaknesses in social relationships and interaction? In this study, the aim is to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence, attachment style, and self-esteem in single-child and two-children adolescents. 65 single-child and 163 twochildren adolescents. The result of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and self-esteem. Also, there were no significant differences between single-child and two-children in emotional intelligence, attachment style, and self-esteem. parents, therapists, and adolescent counselors should be aware of the importance of emotional intelligence and self-esteem and they should be careful about the single-child and their abilities.
A randomized comparative study of diathermy incisions and scalpel incisions in subacute appendicitis

Background: Treating injuries with heat can increase blood flow and make connective tissue more flexible. It can also help minimize inflammation and reduce the incidence of edema or fluid retention. By increasing blood flow to the site of an injury, the deep heat generated with diathermy can accelerate healing. Diathermy is used to treat arthritis, back pain, fibromyalgia, muscle spasms, neuralgia, sprains and strains, tenosynovitis, tendonitis, bursitis. In the second, as an adjunct to surgery, diathermy is used to coagulate, prevent excessive bleeding, and seal off traumatized tissues. It is particularly effective in eye surgery, neurosurgery and dermatology. However, there is still not a lot of evidence to prove that diathermy is the most effective treatment for these conditions. Aim of the study: Aim was comparison of Diathermy incision and Scalpel incision in elective open appendectomy surgery. Materials and methods: 25 patients per group irrespective of sex was sample size. Study Group was subdivided into Study Group A – Patients were subjected to Diathermy incision. Study Group B – Patients were subjected to Scalpel incision. After obtaining pre-anesthetic check-up patients were posted for surgery. Data was collected using a proforma meeting the objectives of the study. Results: The treatment group was split into two, Twenty-five cases used diathermy for skin incision and the other twenty-five cases used a traditional scalpel for skin incisions in open appendectomy Mithun Govind Dandapani, Bharathidasan Rajamanikkam, Maheshwari Narayanan. A randomized comparative study of diathermy incisions and scalpel incisions in subacute appendicitis. IAIM, 2019; 6(7): 59-66. Page 60 procedures. 50 patients in the study groups were compared, 4 developed wound gaping which accounts for 8%. Wound gaping was considerably seen in scalpel incision with a highly significant P value of 0.0297 using Pearson-Chi square test. A hypertrophic scar was seen in scalpel incision with a significant P value of 0.074 using Pearson-Chi square test. Keloid was considerably seen in scalpel incision with a highly significant P value of 0.0149 using Pearson-Chi square test. The pain in POD-1 was compared, the mean value was 7.44 and 6.16 in scalpel and diathermy respectively, with a highly significant P value of <0.0001. The pain in POD-2 was compared, the mean value was 6.28 and 4.72 in scalpel and diathermy respectively, with a highly significant P value of <0.0001. Conclusion: All the patients were followed every day in the postoperative period until they were discharged. The following parameters were observed, that is a comparison of the two procedures with relation to the duration of incision, postoperative pain, post-operative complications in both the procedures. Diathermy is the first choice of incision for open appendectomy procedures as there is less chance of postoperative wound complications.
Preliminary Study of Space Weather Effects on the HF and VHF Communications at Low Latitudes during an Early Stage of the Solar Cycle 25

The Sun is a decisive element for the control and development of several natural processes on the Earth, and, in addition, the solar activity can also have certain effects on some human activities, as per example, the radiofrequency communications. In this paper, results about an experiment developed in México in collaboration with the radio ham community, during 17 days of spring 2020 are exposed and discussed. The main objective of the experiment is obtaining a record of possible effects of the solar activity on the habitual radio links classified into two groups: between radio ham stations inside and outside Mexico, and between a couple terrestrial ham stations and two radio ham satellites operating at the low earth orbit. The evaluation of the performance for each link between radio ham stations is compared with the evolution of variables that describe the Space Weather conditions in the same time span such as planetary k-index, interplanetary magnetic field, solar wind speed and solar wind density, under very low Sun activity as result of an early stage of the solar cycle 25. Thus, the results analyzed and shown in this paper are the basis for future studies about the relationship of possible effects of the solar activity on radio communications, particularly at radio ham frequencies bands, taking as baseline the evolution stages for the current solar cycle. Moreover, these results can provide reference data for further development or complement of indirect techniques to understand and keep records regarding the relationship between geophysical phenomena on the Earth and the solar activity.
Nutrient loading from a separate storm sewer in Madison, Wisconsin

C ONCERN about the trophic state of many of the nation’s lakes and streams has heightened interest in reducing waste discharges from point sources. Industries and municipalities have been required to increase their degree of treatment to provide greater removals of oxygen-consuming materials. In some regions, it has been necessary to provide additional waste treatment facilities for removal of nitrogen and phosphorus to control growth of nuisance algae and hydrophytes. Diffuse sources of nutrients and organic wastes have received only limited attention in the past, mainly because of the difficulty and expense of monitoring and controlling them. One such nutrient source is urban runoff. Weibel concluded that urban runoff was an important factor in the overall organic and nutrient loading from urban areas. Bryan noted that urban runoff was a significant pollutant of nearby streams, mainly because of the intermittent high loadings that occurred after heavy rains. He stated that urban runoff could have a detrimental influence on a proposed impoundment downstream from the city of Durham, N. C. A recent study of the character of urban runoff by AVCO Economic Systems Corporation indicated that the increase in nutrients from urban runoff because of continued growth in the Tulsa Metropolitan area would be likely to offset any reductions in urban pollutional loadings of local streams brought about by improved wastewater treatment procedures in that locality. Because of the potential importance of nutrient loading from separate storm sewers and general lack of information concerning amounts and variability of nutrients in urban runoff, this study was undertaken to