Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The hidden ill-health of mothers of young disabled children : the health and primary healthcare use of mothers of preschool children with developmental disabilities

Mothers of disabled children (caregivers) have worse health than mothers of typically developing children. Ill-health increases perception of the difficulties of caregiving, and adversely affects mother-child attachment, child development and behaviour. Caregivers may also experience barriers to accessing healthcare (time-consuming caregiving tasks, unsuitable transportation), increasing the risk of undetected and untreated symptoms. Most research is non-UK based and focuses on stress and depression in mother-caregivers of children over five, despite disability diagnosis often occurring earlier. In my thesis, I explore differences in the psychological and physical ill-health and healthcare use of caregivers of children with disabilities compared with other mothers of preschool (0-5 years) children in the UK, and the influence of child disability diagnosis. I conducted a systematic review of the association between caregiving and ill-health. This informed analyses of the Born in Bradford cohort with linked primary care data for caregivers of children with developmental disabilities and delay and other mothers, including: prevalence of symptoms of ill-health; frequency of visits for symptoms; and healthcare use by mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). In the review, there was evidence of a large adverse association between caregiving and health. The high heterogeneity in the data was not explained by disability diagnosis. In the cohort analysis, compared with other mothers: caregivers had worse health; visited the doctor for psychological distress slightly more often but were less likely to visit when actually distressed; visited as often for exhaustion and head/musculoskeletal pain. Differences in patterns of healthcare use were not associated with caregiving for children with ASD. I show that disparities in the health of caregivers and other mothers emerge in the preschool period, and caregiver ill-health may be under-detected in primary care. Unlike older child groups, caregiving rather than specific child diagnoses is associated with ill-health during the preschool period.
Hatha Yoga as a Form of Physical Activity in the Context of Lifestyle Disease Prevention

Abstract Physical activity is interrelated with health, physical fitness, and quality of life. The role physical activity plays in the context of lifestyle disease prevention is indisputable. Physical exercises of yoga (hatha yoga) are a type of recreational physical activity classified as a form of body and mind fitness. Hatha yoga training consists of slow or fast and smooth entering into, holding, and exiting yoga postures called “asanas”. Besides asanas, a yoga class may also include breathing exercises (pranayama) and relaxation exercises. The aim of this paper is to analyse the benefits of regular hatha yoga training in the light of scientific studies in regard to primary and secondary prevention of lifestyle diseases (cardiovascular diseases, respiratory system diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and diseases of the musculoskeletal system in particular). The results of the analysis revealed that regular hatha yoga training including pranayama (breathing exercises) produced a reduction in blood pressure and heart rate, improved respiratory functions, decreased blood glucose levels and body mass, as well as improving functional fitness and self-perceived quality of life. Therefore, hatha yoga as a form of physical activity can be a useful intervention for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, respiratory system diseases, metabolic diseases, and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, including back pain.
Medicinal plants used for the management of diabetes mellitus in Zaria, Kaduna state, Nigeria

Context: The knowledge of traditional uses of medicinal plants in the management of diabetes mellitus in Zaria is still intact with the traditional medicine practitioners. Aims: To collect, identify and document medicinal plants used traditionally for the management of diabetes mellitus in Zaria city. Methods: Open-ended informal interviews and general conversation were administered to twenty-two (22) traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs) and herb sellers. The data collected included the local names of plants, parts used, method of preparations and mode of administration. Results: Twenty-six (26) species of plants belonging to eighteen (18) families were identified. Herbal remedies were mostly prepared from freshly collected plants, while decoction was the main method of preparation. Leaves and stem bark formed the major parts of plants for herbal preparations. Conclusions: The study has documented different traditional practices used for the management of diabetes mellitus in the study area. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of plant species that have not yet been studied and to identify the bioactive compounds responsible for the antidiabetic activity as claimed by the traditional healers.
Carbon limitation leads to thermodynamic regulation of aerobic metabolism

Organic matter (OM) metabolism in freshwater ecosystems is a critical source of uncertainty in global biogeochemical cycles, yet aquatic OM cycling remains poorly understood. Here, we present the first work to explicitly test OM thermodynamics as a key regulator of aerobic respiration, challenging long-held beliefs that organic carbon and oxygen concentrations are the primary determinants of respiration rates. We pair controlled microcosm experiments with ultrahigh-resolution OM characterization to demonstrate a clear relationship between OM thermodynamic favorability and aerobic respiration under carbon limitation. We also demonstrate a shift in the regulation of aerobic respiration from OM thermodynamics to nitrogen content when carbon is in excess, highlighting a central role for OM thermodynamics in aquatic biogeochemical cycling particularly in carbon-limited ecosystems. Our work therefore illuminates a structural gap in aquatic biogeochemical models and presents a new paradigm in which OM thermodynamics and nitrogen content interactively govern aerobic respiration.
Approximation Attacks on Strong PUFs

Physical unclonable function (PUF) is a promising lightweight hardware security primitive for resource-constrained systems. It can generate a large number of challenge-response pairs (CRPs) for device authentication based on process variations. However, attackers can collect the CRPs to build a machine learning (ML) model with high prediction accuracy for the PUF. Recently, a lot of ML-resistant PUF structures have been proposed, e.g., a multiplexer-based PUF (MPUF) was introduced to resist ML attacks and its two variants (rMPUF and cMPUF) were further proposed to resist reliability-based and cryptanalysis modeling attacks, respectively. In this article, we propose a general framework for ML attacks on strong PUFs, then based on the framework, we present two novel modeling attacks, named logical approximation and global approximation, that use artificial neural network (ANN) to characterize the nonlinear structure of MPUF, rMPUF, cMPUF, and XOR Arbiter PUF. The logical approximation method uses linear functions to approximate logical operations and builds a precise soft model based on the combination of logical gates in the PUF. The global approximation method uses the function <italic>sinc</italic> with filtering characteristics to fit the mapping relationship between the challenge and response. The experimental results show that the proposed two approximation attacks can successfully model the (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)-MPUF (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k= 3, 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>)-rMPUF (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k = 2, 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), cMPUF (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k = 4, 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-XOR Arbiter PUF (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l= 3, 4, 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n = 32, 64$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) with the average accuracies of 96.85%, 95.33%, 94.52%, and 96.26%, respectively.
Spiking-YOLO: Spiking Neural Network for Energy-Efficient Object Detection

Over the past decade, deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in a variety of applications. As we try to solve more advanced problems, increasing demands for computing and power resources has become inevitable. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have attracted widespread interest as the third-generation of neural networks due to their event-driven and low-powered nature. SNNs, however, are difficult to train, mainly owing to their complex dynamics of neurons and non-differentiable spike operations. Furthermore, their applications have been limited to relatively simple tasks such as image classification. In this study, we investigate the performance degradation of SNNs in a more challenging regression problem (i.e., object detection). Through our in-depth analysis, we introduce two novel methods: channel-wise normalization and signed neuron with imbalanced threshold, both of which provide fast and accurate information transmission for deep SNNs. Consequently, we present a first spiked-based object detection model, called Spiking-YOLO. Our experiments show that Spiking-YOLO achieves remarkable results that are comparable (up to 98%) to those of Tiny YOLO on non-trivial datasets, PASCAL VOC and MS COCO. Furthermore, Spiking-YOLO on a neuromorphic chip consumes approximately 280 times less energy than Tiny YOLO and converges 2.3 to 4 times faster than previous SNN conversion methods.
PhyRepID: a comparative phylogenomics approach for large-scale quantification of protein repeat evolution

Protein repeats consisting of domains or motifs are involved in key biological processes such as neural development, host-pathogen interactions, and speciation. Expansion and contraction of these repeats can strongly impact protein function as was shown for KNL1 and PRDM9. However, these known cases could only be identified manually and were previously incorrectly reported as conserved in large-scale analyses, because signatures of repeat evolution are difficult to resolve automatically. We developed PhyRepID to compare protein domain repeat evolution and analysed 4939 groups of orthologous proteins (OGs) from 14 vertebrate species. Our main contributions are 1) detecting a wide scope of repeats consisting of Pfam structural domains and motifs, 2) improving sensitivity and precision of repeat unit detection through optimization for the OGs, 3) using phylogenetic analysis to detect evolution within repeat regions. From these phylogenetic signals, we derived a “protein repeat duplication” (PRD) score that quantifies evolution in repeat regions and thereby enables large-scale comparison of protein families. Zinc finger repeats show remarkably fast evolution, comprising 25 of 100 fastest evolving proteins in our dataset, whilst cooperatively-folding domain repeats like beta-propellers are mostly conserved. Motif repeats have a similar PRD score distribution as domain repeats and also show a large diversity in evolutionary rates. A ranking based on the PRD score reflects previous manual observations of both highly conserved (CDC20) and rapidly evolving repeats (KNL1, PRDM9) and proposes novel candidates (e.g. AHNAK, PRX, SPATA31) showing previously undescribed rapid repeat evolution. PhyRepID is available on https://github.com/ivanbelzen/PhyRepID/.
long-term follow up in 18 patients

Since August 1992, 18 patients underwent combined li- ver and kidney transplantation. Eight patients had lymphocytotoxic antibodies pretransplant and 5 of these patients (27.7%) had a posi- tive crossmatch. Fifteen patients received cyclosporine-based immu- nosuppression and 3 patients were treated with a tacrolimus-based im- munosuppressive protocol. One pa- tient died in the postoperative course due to intractable bleeding episodes after 96 days and one kid- ney graft was lost due to technical complications. The 1-year survival rate of patients with combined transplantation was 95% vs 87% in patients with liver transplantation alone. None of the patients with a positive crossmatch experienced a hyperacute rejection of the kidney. The long-term patient and graft survival was not impaired in pa- tients with a positive crossmatch. These results suggest that com- bined liver-kidney transplantation is a safe treatment for end-stage li- ver and renal disease. A positive crossmatch or positive lymphocyto- toxic antibodies are not contraindi- cations for a combined transplanta- tion.
Age-Stereotype Paradox: Opportunity for Social Change

An age-stereotype paradox has developed in the United States due to factors that would suggest age stereotypes should be increasing in positivity over time; whereas, recent evidence shows they are becoming more negative. Reasons for predicting an increase in positivity are presented, followed by reasons that help to explain why the reverse is occurring. To illustrate the age-stereotype paradox, four domains that help to shape the status of older individuals were selected: health, intergenerational contact, legislation, and social climate. Two proposals are then made for eliminating the paradox by reversing the age-stereotypes negativity trend: establishment of an anti-aging czar and the launching of an aging-rights movement.
Distributed Learning Solution for Uplink Traffic Control in Energy Harvesting Massive Machine-Type Communications

The rapid expansion of Machine Type Communication (MTC) has brought many challenges, such as sporadic uplink transmission congestion and energy consumption of battery limited nodes. To address these challenges, we consider a green energy harvesting massive MTC (mMTC) system that each device is equipped with a local cache and a rechargeable battery to store the collecting data and the green energy harvested from the environment, respectively. Then, an uplink power control method is proposed to regulate the transmission while simultaneously minimizing the system’s delay cost and the battery depreciation cost. The optimization problem with the duplex queueing structure is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP), and we utilize the Deep Distributed Recurrent Q-networks (DDRQN) algorithm to manage the complex dynamic channel, data, and energy environment through the partially observable state. Our simulation results show that the proposed learning scheme can dramatically reduce the system cost, prolong the lifetime of the mMTC network, and approach the conventional centralized reinforcement learning method.
The internal cranial anatomy of Champsosaurus lindoei and its functional implications

Although Champsosaurus is well-known in Late Cretaceous and Paleocene deposits of North America, their cranial anatomy is poorly understood. Here, a well-preserved skull of Champsosaurus lindoei is described in detail using high-resolution micro-CT scanning. This confirms the presence of the putative neomorphic bone, which may be homologous with the pre-existing stapes, or developed through incomplete fusion of dermatocranial ossification centres. The ventral openings on the skull of Champsosaurus relate to the fenestrae ovales, an unusual configuration that may be convergent with other aquatic reptiles. Overall, the endocranial anatomy of Champsosaurus is typical for a basal diapsid. The morphology of the pars inferior of the inner ear suggests that Champsosaurus were capable of detecting sound underwater, and geometric morphometric analyses of the semicircular canals suggests that they were specialized for detecting head movements in an aquatic environment. Taken together, these results suggest that Champsosaurus were well adapted for an aquatic lifestyle.
Hepatitis B virus infection and ABO/Rh blood groups

Background: Chronic HBV infection is a significant public health problem all around the world. It is not clear if ABO/Rh blood groups have a role in the development of chronic forms of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between chronic HBV infection and ABO/Rh blood groups. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective study that included totaled 937 individuals: 453 patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis and 484 healthy individuals as the control group. HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) and blood groups results of patients between the years 2013-2015 were collected by reviewing the laboratory results. During these three years HBsAg was performed on the architect i2000sr (Abbott diagnostic, Illinois, USA) with ELISA and ABO/Rh blood groups were analyzed with gel centrifugation method (Grifols, Barcelona, Spain). Results: Blood group A Rh positive was higher than other blood types in the chronic hepatitis B group (44.3%) and in control group (41.9%), whereas blood types O, AB, and B were similar between cases with chronic hepatitis and controls (p>0.05). HBV infection was moderately less frequent in subjects with AB positive blood group (p=0.07). The prevalence of Rh positive was 89.1% in patients and 88.2% in the control group (p>0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that there was not an association between ABO/Rh blood groups and chronic HBV infection, but there is a need for different and more numerous case-control studies about this subject.
Does the Cost of Private Debt Respond to Monetary Policy? Heteroskedasticity‐Based Identification in a Model with Regimes

We investigate the effects of a conventional monetary expansion, the quantitative easing, and maturity extension programs on the yields of corporate bonds. We adopt a multiple-regime VAR identification based on heteroskedasticity. An impulse response function analysis shows that a traditional, rate based expansionary policy leads to an increase in yields. The response to quantitative easing is instead a general and persistent decrease, in particular for long-term bonds. The responses generated by the maturity extension program are significant and of larger magnitude. A decomposition shows that the unconventional programs reduce the cost private debt primarily through a reduction in risk premia.
Proactive Personality and Decent Work Among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Working Adults

Building from the psychology of working framework, we examined the moderating role of proactive personality in the attainment of decent work among a sample of racially and ethnically diverse employed adults in the United States (N = 238). We tested our hypotheses using structural equation modeling and found experiences of marginalization and economic constraints to have indirect associations with decent work via work volition. We also found marginalization, work volition, and career adaptability to have direct associations with decent work but found no support for proactive personality as a moderating mechanism. Our findings contribute to the growing literature examining how contextual variables are associated with securing decent work among diverse groups. We discuss practical implications along with future directions for research related to the psychology of working.
High-dose cytarabine-associated cerebellar toxicity: A case report -

High-dose arabinoside cytarabine is used as an effective regimen for post-remission acute leukemia and refractory leukemia treatment. Most commonly used regimen is 3 g/m2 IV over 1-3 h q12 h for a total of 8-12 doses. Major toxic effects associated with cytarabine are related to bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, and nervous system. Acute cerebellar toxicity with ataxia and dysarthria is well-known adverse effect during high-dose cytarabine therapy. This case report describes about a patient with acute myeloid leukemia on high-dose cytarabine who developed ataxia and left-sided nystagmus as cerebellar toxicity. These symptoms persisted till 2 days after the termination of high-dose cytarabine the gradually improved with steroids. PatientÂ’s good response to methyl prednisolone illustrates immune-mediated mechanism of neurotoxicity.
Phenotypic characteristics of Belgian Blue x Brahman Cross and Wagyu x Brahman Cross crossbred population

The aim of the study was to identify the phenotypic characteristics of Belgian Blue x Brahman Cross and Wagyu x Brahman Cross at PT. WMP,Central Java. The materials used were 9 F1-B, 13 F1-W, 6 F2-B and 7 F2-W. The data collected include the colour, ADG, BW, BL, WH, and HG at 90-days old. The results showed dominant blackin F1-B, brown in male F2-B and dark brown at the female. The F1-W was black-brown, and F2-W colour was light brown, brown, and dark brown. The ADG F1-B was 0.70±0.15 kg, F2-W was 0.58± 0.06 kg, F2-B was 0.64 ± 0.17 kg, and F2-W was 0.60 ± 0.25 kg. The BW (kg), BL (cm), WH (cm) and HG (cm) at F1-B was 95.10±12.07; 77.98±3.80; 85.32±2.85; and 101.93±4.51, F1-W was 86.21±9.60;77.64±5.92; 88.25±2.43; and 101.97±3.09, F2-B was 88.22±4.50 kg, 87.29±13.45, 94.18±6.90, and 104.13±2.29, then F2-W was 90.91±27.70, 80.77±15.41, 86.36±7.80, and 99.92±11.88 cm, respectifly. There were significant effect of crossing on ADG, BL andHG at F1 and F2 (P>0.05). The conclusion BB Cross cattle have a dominant trait in body posture, especially in the first offspring, while Wagyu Cross cattle tend to be more assertive in the coat colour.
Synergistic Interaction of Climate and Land-Use Drivers Alter the Function of North American, Prairie-Pothole Wetlands

Prairie-pothole wetlands provide the critical habitat necessary for supporting North American migratory waterfowl populations. However, climate and land-use change threaten the sustainability of these wetland ecosystems. Very few experiments and analyses have been designed to investigate the relative impacts of climate and land-use change drivers, as well as the antagonistic or synergistic interactions among these drivers on ecosystem processes. Prairie-pothole wetland water budgets are highly dependent on atmospheric inputs and especially surface runoff, which makes them especially susceptible to changes in climate and land use. Here, we present the history of prairie-pothole climate and land-use change research and address the following research questions: 1) What are the relative effects of climate and land-use change on the sustainability of prairie-pothole wetlands? and 2) Do the effects of climate and land-use change interact differently under different climatic conditions? To address these research questions, we modeled 25 wetland basins (1949–2018) and measured the response of the lowest wetland in the watershed to wetland drainage and climate variability. We found that during an extremely wet period (1993–2000) wetland drainage decreased the time at which the lowest wetland reached its spill point by four years, resulting in 10 times the amount of water spilling out of the watershed towards local stream networks. By quantifying the relative effects of both climate and land-use drivers on wetland ecosystems our findings can help managers cope with uncertainties about flooding risks and provide insight into how to manage wetlands to restore functionality.