Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Standardization of Moscow Coma Scale in Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Units in Iran

Introduction: Moscow scale is an appropriate scale for the evaluation of the level of consciousness in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU). This study aimed to standardize the Moscow scale in patients hospitalized in ICU based on Iran's demographics information. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed on 60 patients admitted to ICU. The subjects were selected from Farshchian Medical and Educational Center, in Hamedan Hamadan, 2016. The Moscow questionnaire was translated into Persian by a translator familiar to the subject. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Moreover, the correlation between the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Moscow scale was assessed using statistical analysis. Results: In this quasi-experimental research design, 51.7% of the patients were male and 48.3% were female. The mean age of the subjects was 60.7±20.7 years. According to our findings, 31.7%, 30%, and 21.7% of the patients were in a deep coma, vegetative state, and moderate coma, Original Research Article Mazdeh; AJMPCP, 3(3): 15-21, 2020; Article no.AJMPCP. 58536 16 respectively. Based on the Glasgow coma scale, consciousness level was within the range of 3-8 in 93.3% of the patients, while it was higher than 8 in 6.7% of them. Cronbach's alpha coefficient indicates that the Moscow scale is fairly reliable, whereas, in the Moscow scale, the coefficient of agreement between the two observations was obtained at 0.83. Conclusion: Based on our results, the Moscow evaluation system has favorable reliability to assess the consciousness level in comatose patients. Therefore, this scale can be introduced as an alternative for the GCS scale in Iran.
A Critical Analysis of IS Governance Frameworks: A Metamodel of the Integrated Use of CobiT Framework

Information Systems Governance (ISG) is an essential component of corporate governance. It refers to the implementation of the means of decision-making. A considerable number of studies on information systems governance (ISG) have been published. Nevertheless, there is a need to conceptualize and model this theoretical context. The aim of this paper is to provide a study of frameworks that integrates this domain as well as to bring a modeling of the concepts that structure the framework of this domain and a profound and clear understanding of the IS process, IS governance has been studied as a concept. The results demonstrated that the adoption of the COBIT repository in the organization could amplify its efforts. This input therefore enables the organization to capitalize on and build up knowledge in the field of IS governance, and to propose models for delivering an integrated, business-aligned IS.
Effect of coffee consumption on liver enzymes (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase), total and conjugated bilirubin levels among students in Nnewi

Background: Coffee has a number of bioactive compounds that have beneficial effects on human health in general and more importantly is the fact that coffee consumption has positive impact on the liver function. The present study investigated the effect of coffee consumption on liver enzymes: alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and conjugated bilirubin (CB) levels among student in Nnewi. Methods: A total of twenty-five (25) apparently healthy participants aged between 18 and 30 years which were randomly recruited from College of Health Sciences’ students to serve as both test and control group. Each participant was advised to abstain from coffee and similar beverages for a period of three weeks prior to the commencement of the study. Subsequently, in addition to their normal diet, each of the subjects was given 2 gm of coffee dissolved in 150 ml of hot water in which 50 mg of non-dairy creamer was added before breakfast daily for 28 consecutive days. 6 ml each of baseline and test samples (after an overnight fast) were collected at day 0 and 29 respectively from each participant. Liver enzymes such as ALT, AST, and ALP activity as well as TB and CB levels was determined using standard laboratory methods. Results: This showed significant reductions in the mean serum AST and ALT activity, TB and unconjugated bilirubin (UB) levels with no significant alterations in the mean ALP activity and CB level in participants studied after shortterm coffee consumption. Conclusions: This study revealed the hepatoprotective effect of coffee intake at short term basis.
Judgment and Decision Making in School-Age Children

En los últimos cincuenta años, psicólogos y economistas han catalogado los errores que la gente adulta comete cuando toma decisiones. El objetivo de nuestro resumen narrativo es describir estos errores como ocurren en niños de edad escolar. Luego de una breve introducción a las teorías más importantes en economía comportamental (Utilidad Esperada, Prospect, Rastro Difuso, Proceso Dual) haremos un resumen de esta literatura, con énfasis en el período de edad escolar. Evaluamos si los niños comprenden el concepto de ‘valor esperado’, si sus respuestas cambian en base a como se hace la pregunta, y si prefieren arriesgar en vez de aceptar propuestas seguras. También describimos, desde una perspectiva del desarrollo, la tendencia a sobrevalorar las posesiones, a perseverar cuando el gasto es irrecuperable, y a tener diferentes cuentas mentales. Nuestra revisión indica que las tendencias que se ven en la adultez también suelen ocurrir en niños y niñas de edad escolar, y señala áreas en las que se carece de datos sólidos. Concluimos nuestro artículo sugiriendo futuras áreas de investigación.
Rhenium Separation from Aqueous Solutions by Rice Husk

The readily accessible, highly efficient and cheaply adsorbents of Iraqi Rice Husk (IRH) was applied for separation of rhenium (Re) from aqueous solution. Different operation parameters were studied which were initial Re concentration, absorbance material packing height, pH of aqueous solution, contact time, flow rate and feed temperature. It was found that Re could be adsorbed quantitatively (above 90%) on IRH in the pH range of 1.0-3.0. For other parameters, when flow rate and initial concentration were decreasing the percentage removal was increased, and vice versa with respect to contact time and the height of adsorbent. Best kinetic and isotherm results were achieved by that the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherm equations, respectively. Thus, IRH as the sorbent was successfully applied to the separation of Re from the aqueous solution with satisfactory results.
Drivers of Biomass Stocks Variability in Land Uses in the Togodo Protected Area Complex and Fringe Zone in South- Eastern Togo West Africa

Objective: West Africa region is marked by a change in land use with the conversion of forest land and wooded areas into agricultural land or other uses to meet the needs for agricultural lands and forest products of the fast-growing human population. These frequent changes influenced the biomass and carbon sequestration in land cover properties and land use patterns. Although many studies have focused on carbon stocks in African forests, knowledge on the influence of land-use changes on biomass productivity is still insufficiently documented in most Sub Sahara countries and particularly in Togo. This study aims to evaluate the impacts of land-use changes on biomass productivity and to determine the drivers of the spatial distribution of biomass in different ecosystems in South-Eastern Togo. Methods: Three types of data were collected namely dendrometric data through forest inventories, herbaceous biomass data through plot cutting and root biomass data through soil sampling. Results: Based on existing allometric models and weighing of herbaceous and roots, the results obtained for the different land uses reflect a high variability in the average total biomass, i.e. 266.24 ± 14.37 t/ha, 183.04 ± 20.44 t/ha, 99.89 ± 11.15 t/ha, 79.88 ± 3.38 t/ha and 49.80 ± 4.25 t/ha respectively for teak plantation, semi-deciduous forest, wooded savannahs, fallows and farm-land. Biomass productivity across different land uses shows a very high variability (P<0.001). Biomass values obtained indicates also a significant difference between the above-ground and the underground compartments of the different ecosystems (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our results emphasise that the main factors influencing the variability of biomass stocks include land use and management patterns, biotic factors and climatic factors. All these results help to put in place appropriate management systems for relatively well-conserved ecosystems in order to increase carbon sequestration of the ecosystems and their capacity to provide ecosystem services.
Structural Study of the Ventral Disc of Giardia lamblia

Giardia lamblia is single celled eukaryotic parasite. It infects humans, and is one of the most common parasitic infections contracted in the USA. Attachment to the host’s intestinal epithelium is essential to the feeding form of Giardia, the trophozoite. Central to attachment is the microtubule cytoskeleton, the principle structure of which is the ventral disc. The ventral disc is a large array of highly decorated microtubules that forms a domed right-handed spiral. The use of large area montages of multiple tomograms of negatively stained, extracted, ventral discs has provided information on the exact path of each microtubule in the array. This study has provided new information on the total number, length and organization of MTs within this large structure. It was also discovered that the ventral disc is composed of six structurally distinct regions, which vary in terms of microtubule spacing, microtubule curvature, microribbon height, and crossbridge length and morphology. The microtubules of the ventral disc are continuous and pass through multiple regions along their length. The protein decoration along a single microtubule can undergo multiple structural transitions and rearrangements. Cryoelectron tomography and subvolume averaging were used to obtain 3D density maps from four of the newly identified ventral disc regions.
Hydrophilic Polymers and Wetting Agents Affect Absorption and Evaporative Water Loss

medium Abstract. A plantless system using subirrigation was developed to measure water absorp- tion and loss in soilless media amended with hydrophilic polymers, a wetting agent, or combinations of these amendments. Peat-perlite-vermiculite and bark-peat-perlite con- trols achieved 67% and 52% of container capacity, respectively, after 20 daily irrigation cycles. Maximum water content of amended media was 78% of container capacity. Adding only a hydrophilic polymer did not increase total water content significantly. Adding a wetting agent increased water absorption in both media. However, when hydrophilic polymer and wetting agent were present, the medium absorbed more water than with wetting agent alone. More extractable water was removed from media containing wetting agent. Water loss rate by evaporation was not affected significantly by medium, hydro- philic polymer, wetting agent, or any combination of these variables.
Measuring Differential Forest Growth in the Sheepscot River Headwaters with Bitemporal Lidar

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS.v INTRODUCTION.1 Lidar as a Forestry Tool.1 Research Questions.2 Application in Maine.2 Study Area.3 METHODS.4 Error Assessment.5 Lidar Data Processing.8 RESULTS.10 Error Assessment.10 Landscape View.12 Growth Differences by Forest Types.12 Growth Differences by Forest Height.13 Detection of Disturbance.15 Forest Management Approaches.17 DISCUSSION. 18 Harvest Patterns.18 Differential Growth.19 Forest Management.19 Study Limitations.20 Future Study.21 CONCLUSIONS.22 REFERENCES.23 APPENDICES.30 Appendix I.30 Appendix II.41 Appendix III.42 Appendix IV.45
Quality Evaluation of Fresh Fluted Pumpkin Leaves Stored in Evaporative Coolers

A study was conducted to evaluate the quality of fresh fluted pumpkin leaves stored in two different types of evaporative coolersaluminum-cladded burnt-clay-brick evaporative cooler (ABBEC) and non-cladded burnt-clay-brick evaporative cooler (NBBEC) compared with ambient storage as control. The evaporative coolers consisted of double walled rectangular brick construction (1.29×2.55×2.56) m external and (1.13×1.27×2.08) m internal, (length × width × height) with the inter-space filled with riverbed sand saturated with water. Physiological weight loss, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, ascorbic acid, beta carotene, microbial load and organoleptic qualities of the leaves were the parameters determined. Ascorbic acid, beta carotene and titratable acidity decreased while TSS, pH and microbial load increased with storage duration. The shelf life of fluted pumpkin leaves increased to four days in ABBEC from only two days in ambient storage. ABBEC stored leaves retained its freshness better than leaves in NBBEC and ambient storage. Original Research Article Balogun and Ariahu; AFSJ, 18(3): 12-23, 2020; Article no.AFSJ. 60490 13
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, CLINICAL, HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNO-HISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBEPENDYMAL GIANT CELL ASTROCYTOMA : ABOUT THREE CASES AND A LITERATURE REVIEW

Background: Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is a rare benign tumor, which typically occurs in the lateral ventricle. Its histogenesis is poorly understood. Cases presentation: We reviewed the clinical, histological and immuno-histochemistrical characteristics of three cases of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. The age ranged between 6 years old and 10 years old. Two of patients were male. All patients show symptoms in relation to intracranial hypertension with seizures in one case. All the tumors were located in the lateral ventricle. One patient showed tuberous sclerosis complex signs (subcortical tubers). A tumor resection was performed in all cases and microscopic examination revealed a tumor composed of ganglion-like cells, spindle cells, gemistocytic-like cells and multinucleated cells. Immunohistochemistry showed focal Glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) positivity and neurofilament, synaptophysin and S100 protein negativity in all cases. Ki-67 labeling index ranged from 1% to 10%. Conclusion: Astrocytoma subependymal giant cell is a rare benign tumor that affects children and young adults. Its association with tuberous sclerosis complex is well known. Most patients tend to present with convulsions and symptoms related to intracranial hypertension. Radiologically, CT scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging don't show specific signs. Microscopically, this tumor is conventionally composed of a proliferation of three cell types: ganglion-like cells; fibrillar spindle cells; and gemistocytic-like cells. Immunohistochemistry reveals that both glial and neuronal proteins are expressed. If the histological diagnosis of this tumor is enough easy, the main problem remains in its histogenesis. SEGA is a low-grade tumor with excellent prognosis if surgically removed.
Conceptualizing on Structure Functionalism and Its Applications on Patriotism Study during Covid-19 Pandemic in Malaysia

This paper attempts toreconcilesymbiotic concepts including the theory of functionalism and patriotism among Malaysians during Covid-19 pandemic crisis. To this end, this paper focuses on the theory of functionalism and how the connection with the patriotism perspectives in dealing with non-traditional treat of the spreading of Covid-19 pandemic among Malaysian from top to bottom structure. As we know, our world isin a greater war involving non-traditional treat after the Covid-19 virus started in Wuhan, China. This battle impacted macro to micro structures of society and institutions including political, economy, stability, health, wealth and psychology. In other words, all citizens are involve in this war against the pandemic. Functionalist offer the idea about society is a complex system thatis interconnected and each hastheir own roles to make sure the stability andsolidarity can be achieve and retained. The spirit to fight this virus war together can be describe viapatriotic values. Opinion Article Basir et al.; SAJSSE, 6(4): 1-7, 2020; Article no.SAJSSE. 57102 2
Pulmonary infections in patients with and without hematological malignancies: diagnostic yield and safety of flexible bronchoscopy—a retrospective analysis

Background Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) with broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) is frequently performed in patients with hematological malignancies and pulmonary opacities. While the safety of the procedure in this patient population has been shown, data about the diagnostic yield widely differ between studies. Furthermore, data comparing diagnostic yield and safety of flexible bronchoscopy to narrow sources of pulmonary infections in patients with and without underlying hematological malignancy are lacking. Methods We carried out a retrospective analysis of bronchoscopies done for the diagnostic work-up of pulmonary infections. Diagnostic yield and the occurrence of complications in patients with and without hematological disease were compared. Results In total n=268 bronchoscopies were done in patients suffering from a hematological malignancy (HM) compared to n=408 bronchoscopies in patients without hematological malignancy (NHM). The overall diagnostic yield was similar and did not differ between the groups (HM: 67.2% vs. NHM: 64.7%; P=0.5622). However, when cultures positive for Candida were not considered as clinically relevant diagnostic yield was higher in the HM group (HM: 62.7% vs. NHM: 53.9%; P=0.0261) due to a higher detection rate of fungi and viruses (both P<0.001). Interestingly, the diagnostic yield for bacteria was not decreased by pre-treatment with antibiotics in either group (both P>0.05). There was no difference in the complication rate between the groups and most complications were considered as minor. Conclusions In summary, our data demonstrate similar diagnostic yield and safety of flexible bronchoscopy for diagnosing pulmonary infection in patients with and without underlying hematological malignancy.
Biocontrol of Pythium Damping-Off on Pepper (Capsicum Annuum) with Selected Fungal and Rhizobacterial Agents

Pythium ultimum is common soilborne pathogen causing serious losses of pepper seedlings in nurseries and few weeks post-planting. Two pepper associated- P. ultimum isolates (P1 and P2) were shown pathogenic to pepper cv. Altar causing post-emergence damping-off with P2 isolate being the most aggressive. Fungal and bacterial antagonists have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their ability to suppress P. ultimum . In dual culture assay, Trichoderma harzianum , T. viride and Gliocladium virens inhibited pathogen radial growth by 18.54, 17.52 and 15.24%, respectively, relative to control, while none of the tested bacteria was shown able to significantly inhibit pathogen growth. However, drastic changes in pathogen hyphae expressed as strong lysis, formation of mycelial cords and mycoparasitism have been observed. Pepper seeds treated with fungal antagonists’ conidial suspensions showed 60, 50 and 60% less pre-emergence damping-off infections, respectively, compared to positive control. When tested as root dipping, only G. virens resulted in 40% reduced post-emergence damping-off. An improved seedlings fresh weight, by 79.31 and 76%, was respectively induced by G. virens- , and T. viride- based treatments while an increment of 27.58, 25.33 and 22.22 % was recorded following treatments with G. virens , T. viride and T. harzianum , relative to positive control. The majority of tested bacterial isolates, applied as seed treatment, had significantly improved the emergence percentage of inoculated seedlings as compared to control with Burkholderia glathei isolate 35 being the most efficient. When applied as root dipping, reduction of post-emergence damping-off ranged between 40 and 100% with Pseudomonas aureofaciens isolate 314 being the most effective agent. Seedlings treated with P. aureofaciens (314) and Bacillus pumilus (420) showed 35.38 and 28.51% higher heights, respectively. Plant weight was enhanced by 73.06, 61.18, 77.39, 61.8 and 67.93% over control following treatments with P. aureofaciens isolates 314 and 31, Bacillus pumilus 420, P. fluorescens and P. putida 227.
An FDTD Investigation of Orthogonality and the Backscattering of HF Waves in the Presence of Ionospheric Irregularities

One of the most successful instruments used to investigate the Earth's ionosphere is coherent scatter radars such as the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN). Their method of mapping plasma convection at high latitudes is contingent on irregularities that momentarily exist in the ionosphere and are elongated along the direction of the geomagnetic field. Under these conditions, SuperDARN transmits high‐frequency (HF) waves that are then backscattered from these plasma irregularities. In order for maximum backscatter to occur, the wave vector of the incident wave must be orthogonal to the magnetic field lines. This is called the “orthogonality condition. ” Over the years, ray tracing results have generated many assumptions, where and how orthogonality occurs. However, since ray tracing only tracks the primary direction of energy flow and typically does not account for diffraction, it provides an incomplete understanding of the interaction of HF waves with small ionospheric irregularities. This work investigates the orthogonality assumptions by modeling at high‐resolution HF electromagnetic wave interactions with small‐scale irregularities in the ionosphere. Specifically, the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method is employed to determine where orthogonality occurs in the ionosphere and the number of times the condition is satisfied during the simulation. The results provide insights into the orthogonality condition as a function of source frequency and elevation angle for both unperturbed and perturbed ionospheres. From these results, small‐scale irregularities are observed to sometimes contribute significantly to the production of backscatter. A discussion is provided to highlight where three existing orthogonality condition assumptions are incorrect or misleading.
Yumurtacı Tavuklarda Yumurta Sarısında Biriken Yağda Çözünen Antioksidanlar (Karotenoid, Vitamin E ve Vitamin A) Üzerine Yaşın Etkisi

Bu calismada, yumurta tavugu rasyonlarinin toplam karoten, vitamin A, vitamin E duzeyleri ve bunlarin hayvan yasina gore yumurta sarisinda birikimlerinin nasil etkilendigi arastirilmistir. Bu amacla Lohmann yumurtaci tavuk irkindan sirasiyla 33. , 43. ve 53. haftalarda, Hy-Line yumurtaci tavuk irkinda ise sirasiyla 48. , 58. ve 68. haftalarda yumurta sarisi ornegi alinmistir. Yumurta sarisindaki toplam karotenoid icerigi Lohmann irki icin sirasiyla 19.93, 16.85 ve 18.14 (µg/g) olarak bulunmus iken (p 0.05). Ayrica yumurta sarisindaki toplam vitamin A icerigi Lohmann irki icin sirasiyla 3.86, 4.34 ve 3.44 (µg/g) iken Hy-Line irki icin sirasiyla 7.64, 3.55 ve 3.45 (µg/g) olarak bulunmustur (p 0.05). Sonuc olarak yumurtaci tavuklarin yaslari arttikca yumurta buyuklugu de artmakta ve birim hacimde biriken besin madde miktari azalmakta fakat yemler yeniden formulize edildigi takdirde bu olumsuzluk giderilebilmektedir.