Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forest Disturbance Feedbacks From Bedrock to Atmosphere Using Coupled Hydrometeorological Simulations Over the Rocky Mountain Headwaters

The mountain pine beetle (MPB) has dramatically influenced high‐elevation pine forests of western North America, with recent infestations causing millions of acres of forest mortality and basal area loss. While ecohydrologic implications of infestation have been studied extensively in recent years, few have explored atmospheric feedbacks of widespread canopy transpiration loss or the potential role of groundwater to amplify or mitigate changes to land energy. This work presents bedrock‐to‐atmosphere simulations of coupled meteorological and hydrologic states over the Colorado headwaters. Analyses compare configurations with (1) default land surface parameters and (2) disturbance simulations with adjusted transpiration parameters in infested cells. An analysis of variance was conducted to identify regions of significant response to mountain pine beetle. Changes to increased soil moisture and Bowen ratios were found to be statistically significant in MPB‐infested areas and in nonlocal valleys, while planetary boundary layer (PBL) response was significant only in high elevations of the headwaters watershed. Temperature‐humidity covariance was evaluated using mixing diagrams; the results suggest that increased surface Bowen ratios from MPB could affect entrainment of dry air from the troposphere. The PBL is hotter, drier, and higher under infested forest conditions, which could have implications to atmosphere‐vegetation feedbacks and forest drought stress. Finally, land‐atmosphere coupling was sensitive to antecedent subsurface moisture. Regions with shallow water tables exhibit greater magnitude response to MPB at the surface and in the PBL, a finding that has repercussions for ecosystem resilience and hydrologic representation in meteorological modeling.
On Lying and Being Lied To : A Linguistic Analysis of Deception in Computer-Mediated Communication

This article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. This study investigated changes in both the liar's and the conversational partner's linguistic style across truthful and deceptive dyadic communication in a synchronous text-based setting. An analysis of 242 transcripts revealed that liars produced more words, more sense-based words (e.g., seeing, touching), and used fewer self-oriented but more other-oriented pronouns when lying than when telling the truth. In addition, motivated liars avoided causal terms when lying, whereas unmotivated liars tended to increase their use of negations. Conversational partners also changed their behavior during deceptive conversations, despite being blind to the deception manipulation. Partners asked more questions with shorter sentences when they were being deceived , and matched the liar's linguistic style along several dimensions. The linguistic patterns in both the liar and the partner's language use were not related to deception detection, suggesting that partners were unable to use this linguistic information to improve their deception detection accuracy. Modern communication technologies have advanced both the speed and quantity of information that is shared among humans and organizations. Although these changes have created a number of advantages for society, including faster access to information and inexpensive modes of communication at a distance, they have also created new opportunities for deception (Hancock, 2007). Deception, in general, is not an infrequent part of human communication. Indeed, it has been reported that people tell an average of one to two lies a day (DePaulo, Kashy, Kirkendol, Wyer, & Epstein, 1996), and recent research suggests that these everyday lies also take place in mediated communication (Hancock, Thom-Santelli, & Ritchie , 2004). As Granhag and Strömwall (2004, p. 324) pointed out, the fact that lying occurs across different communication media has important implications for the study of deception (see also Carlson, …
Questioni di Economia e Finanza

This paper reviews the main macroeconomic trends and the debate on policy priorities in Italy since the end of the Nineties. In the decade up to the outbreak of the global crisis (1998-2007), in Italy the reform process came to a virtual standstill; this is partly due to the fragmentation of the political constituency, while a variety of favourable contingent factors masked the difficulties of the productive system. Had Italy been better positioned in terms of public finances and structural features in 2007, some of the adverse effects of the global and sovereign crises would have been avoided.
Early Age Thermal Cracking of Mass Concrete Footings on Bridges in Coastal Environments.

EDWARDS, ANDREW JAMES. Early Age Thermal Cracking of Mass Concrete Footings on Bridges in Coastal Environments. (Under the direction of Dr. Christopher Bobko and Dr. Rudolf Seracino). Large volumes of concrete have the potential to experience temperature gradients because of heat released during curing that can lead to cracking. Cracking of mass concrete in coastal structures is of special concern because of its exposure to saltwater with its corrosive effects on steel reinforcement. The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) identified several mass concrete footings in bridges along the coastal region of North Carolina with cracking problems that needed to be assessed for cracking in light of the current North Carolina mass concrete specifications. The end goal was to assist the NCDOT in updating their mass concrete specifications with improved quality control guidelines to create more durable, crack free concrete. A finite element model was developed to predict the temperature rise and temperature distributions arising from early age concrete hydration, as well as the stresses induced by the resulting temperature gradients. The model was validated by a laboratory experiment and used to analyze several mass concrete footings in bridges in the coastal region of North Carolina for their early age thermal cracking potential. A dimensional parametric study was also conducted to study the effect of size on mass concrete and understand what may be considered “massive” mass concrete versus typical mass concrete. Reasonably sized mass concrete structures that followed the typical NCDOT control plans did not have a high likelihood of significant cracking from thermal stresses, while large mass concrete footings have a much higher risk of significant cracking even when the typical NCDOT control plans are followed. To define large mass concrete structures, a minimum dimension of 10 feet was recommended. Based this research and other studies in the literature, additions and revisions to current NCDOT mass concrete specifications were recommended. © Copyright 2013 by Andrew James Edwards
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) My friends, editors, algorithms, and I Examining audience attitudes to news selection

Prompted by the ongoing development of content personalization by social networks and mainstream news brands, and recent debates about balancing algorithmic and editorial selection, this study explores what audiences think about news selection mechanisms and why. Analysing data from a 26-country survey ( N ¼ 53,314), we report the extent to which audiences believe story selection by editors and story selection by algorithms are good ways to get news online and, using multi-level models, explore the relationships that exist between individuals ’ characteristics and those beliefs. The results show that, collectively, audiences believe algorithmic selection guided by a user ’ s past consumption behaviour is a better way to get news than editorial curation. There are, however, significant variations in these beliefs at the individual level. Age, trust in news, concerns about privacy, mobile news access, paying for news, and six other variables had effects. Our results are partly in line with current general theory on algorithmic appreciation, but diverge in our findings on the relative appreciation of algorithms and experts, and in how the appreciation of algorithms can differ according to the data that drive them. We believe this divergence is partly due to our study ’ s focus on news, showing algorithmic appreciation has context-specific characteristics.
Online Optimization with Predictions and Switching Costs : Fast Algorithms and Fundamental Limits

This paper studies an online optimization problem with switching costs and a finite prediction window. We propose a computationally efficient algorithm, Receding Horizon Gradient Descent (RHGD), which only requires a finite number of gradient evaluations at each time. We show that both the dynamic regret and the competitive ratio of the algorithm decay exponentially fast with the length of the prediction window. Moreover, we provide a fundamental lower bound on dynamic regret for general online algorithms with a finite prediction window. The lower bound matches the dynamic regret of our RHGD, meaning that the performance can not improve significantly even with more computation. Lastly, we present simulation results to test our algorithm numerically.
Comparison of Mechanisms for Low-Frequency Variability of Summer Arctic Sea Ice in Three Coupled Models

AbstractIn this study the mechanisms for low-frequency variability of summer Arctic sea ice are analyzed using long control simulations from three coupled models (GFDL CM2.1, GFDL CM3, and NCAR CESM). Despite different Arctic sea ice mean states, there are many robust features in the response of low-frequency summer Arctic sea ice variability to the three key predictors (Atlantic and Pacific oceanic heat transport into the Arctic and the Arctic dipole) across all three models. In all three models, an enhanced Atlantic (Pacific) heat transport into the Arctic induces summer Arctic sea ice decline and surface warming, especially over the Atlantic (Pacific) sector of the Arctic. A positive phase of the Arctic dipole induces summer Arctic sea ice decline and surface warming on the Pacific side, and opposite changes on the Atlantic side. There is robust Bjerknes compensation at low frequency, so the northward atmospheric heat transport provides a negative feedback to summer Arctic sea ice variations. The influ.
Racism and the uneven geography of welfare sanctioning in England

This paper presents the first spatial analysis of racial disparities in the UK welfare sanction regime. As part of their austerity programme, the UK government tightened the conditionality of welfare programmes and intensified the use of financial penalties against welfare claimants who failed to demonstrate compliance with these conditions. Analysing Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA) data from the Department of Work and Pensions (DWP) and the Office for National Statistics between 2012 and 2019 we draw attention to the spatially uneven and highly racialised geography of welfare sanctions in England. Claimants from racially minoritised backgrounds are consistently more likely to be referred for a sanction by Jobcentre caseworkers and receive an adverse decision at the hands of institutional decision‐makers. Within this, however, there are important scalar and spatial differences that warrant critical attention. In rural England, the risk of being sanctioned is substantially higher for all groups, but especially for Mixed heritage and Black/Black British claimants who in some areas are over twice as likely to be sanctioned as their White counterparts. Since ethnicity data have not been published for Universal Credit sanction decisions, the presented evidence offers critical insight into the potential persistence of racial injustice in applying welfare sanctions. We identify ‘hotspots’ of racism in the sanction regime, most of which are in rural areas, before offering three interpretative frameworks through which spatial and racial disparities might be explained. Any suggestion that such disparities simply derive from the behaviour of DWP staff fails to adequately account for deeply entrenched histories of welfare racism, rural racism and the role of welfare sanctioning in dynamics of racial capitalism: that is, disciplining and impoverishing racialised populations in ways that generate conditions for capital accumulation. By contributing new empirical and theoretical insights to the often neglected study of rural austerity and welfare, the paper calls for scholarship to investigate the variegations of welfare, austerity and racial capitalism in diverse rural contexts.
Indium Mineralization in the Yejiwei Sn‐Polymetallic Deposit of the Shizhuyuan Orefield, Southern Hunan, China

The Yejiwei deposit, which is located in the southern Hunan W–Sn–Pb–Zn Metallogenic Belt in south China, is a large‐scale porphyry–skarn–veinlet‐type deposit containing 806 t In. Mineralization occurs as porphyry‐type Sn (stockworks), skarn‐type Sn–Cu, marble‐hosted‐type Sn–Cu (veinlet), and vein‐type Pb–Zn ores. Thirty‐five ore samples were collected from the Yejiwei deposit for bulk and mineral chemical composition, microscopic observation and electron microprobe analyses. The porphyry‐type Sn ores contain variable amounts of In (2.3–76 ppm; mean of 17.4 ppm) with local In enrichment (226 ppm) and 1000 × In/Zn values are 3.8–52.4. The skarn‐type Cu–Sn ore is richest in In (12.3–214 ppm; mean of 114 ppm), and 1000 × In/Zn values are 2.4–117. In contrast, the In content of the marble‐hosted‐type Cu–Sn ores is relatively low (7.4–34.9 ppm; mean of 20.3 ppm), and 1000 × In/Zn is in the range of 0.61–5.5, and the vein‐type Pb–Zn ores in the external zone contain the lowest In contents (7.2–17.0 ppm; mean of 12.1 ppm) with 1000 × In/Zn values of 0.07–0.09. The ore minerals in the deposit include pyrite, pyrrhotite, cassiterite, and In‐bearing minerals of sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and stannite. Although only trace amounts of sphalerite are hosted in the porphyry ores, the sphalerite contains the highest In content (0.27–10.1 wt.% In) in the deposit. We observed the highest In contents of all In‐bearing sphalerite reported in China. The In contents of sphalerite in the skarn‐type ore range from 0.15 to 0.56 wt. %, whereas the marble‐hosted‐, and vein‐type ores have lower In contents (0.00–0.04, and 0.03–0.06 wt.%, respectively). The In resources of the Yejiwei deposit are mainly hosted in skarn ores of the No. 31 and No. 32 orebodies. The genesis of In in the Yejiwei deposit was closely related to the shallow intrusive environment of related igneous rocks. As W–Sn–Mo–Bi–Cu–Pb–Zn–Ag mineralization is widespread in south Hunan, this study would suggest a focus on skarn‐type Sn–Zn deposits for the future prospecting of In resources.
CENDAWAN ENDOFIT AKAR LADA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN MENEKAN BUSUK PANGKAL BATANG BENIH LADA

Busuk pangkal batang (BPB) merupakan penyakit tular tanah yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora capsici . Pemanfaatan agens hayati dianggap pendekatan yang efisien untuk penyakit BPB. Cendawan endofit mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan ketahanan tanaman terhadap cekaman biotik dan abiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi cendawan endofit asal akar lada terhadap pertumbuhan dan kemampuannya menekan penyakit BPB pada benih lada. Cendawan endofit diperoleh dengan mengisolasi akar lada menggunakan medium akar kentang dekstrosa (AKD) yang diberi kloramfenikol dan rose bengal . Isolat cendawan yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi dengan melakukan pengamatan morfologi, uji tantang terhadap P. capsici dan uji patogenisitas pada daun lada. Cendawan endofit diinokulasikan pada akar benih lada dengan cara merendam perakaran lada umur 10 minggu ke dalam suspensi cendawan endofit, kemudian ditanam dalam tanah steril untuk diamati. Kandungan hormon IAA dan GA 3 di dalam akar diukur menggunakan TLC scanner satu bulan setelah diinokulasi. Inokulasi P. capsici dilakukan dengan menyiram 50 ml suspensi zoospora (10 6 zoospora/ml) di perakaran lada yang sebelumnya telah diinokulasi cendawan endofit. Benih lada yang hidup diamati satu bulan setelah inokulasi. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan enam isolat tidak berpengaruh nyata pada parameter jumlah daun, buku, dan jumlah tanaman yang mati. Benih lada yang telah diinokulasi cendawan endofit E-5, E-7 dan E-15 mempunyai bobot kering akar berturut-turut 0,83; 0,84 dan 0,81 g dan berbeda nyata dari perlakuan lainnya. Kandungan hormon IAA relatif tinggi dibanding kandungan GA 3 di dalam akar yang diinokulasi dengan ketiga isolat tersebut. Benih lada yang diinokulasi ketiga isolat tersebut lebih dari 80% yang hidup, pada satu bulan setelah diinokulasi P. capsici .
Waste to Resources: Moving Toward the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals

The United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set an ambitious umbrella framework for regional and national governments around the world; addressing a breadth of areas such as providing for economic growth, reducing harmful pollution, improving resource efficiency and waste management, eradicating poverty, and enabling access to necessary infrastructure, housing and services. In working toward these goals, nations need to reconcile the potential of inter-goal conflicts arising from policy and steering mechanisms that only work toward specific goals. In reviewing the development of European waste policy, action has concentrated on achieving the broad societal goals of improving sanitation and reducing negative environmental and health consequences. Moving forward, many regions and nations have also begun to address waste considering multiple goals that strive for triple bottom line improvements via promotion of, for example, the circular economy. This raises the question, are the tools and political objects of past waste management regimes fit for the new functions and goals that are expected of future systems? This article investigates the policies and calculative tools that are a product of historic developments and assesses whether they are still relevant in their current state in light of our collective SDGs. Waste management principles (e.g. the waste hierarchy, the proximity principle, and the polluter pays principle) are evaluated in the context of the SDGs. Similarly, key calculative tools, such as resource efficiency indicators (e.g. GDP/domestic material consumption), are evaluated in the context of the multiple SDGs. We argue that many of these principles and tools need to be reconsidered to support action toward the SDGs and to prevent inter-goal conflicts. Suggestions for adaptations of principles and tools are outlined and discussed. Such evaluation can benefit both European countries and emerging countries looking to “leapfrog” toward modern and balanced sustainable development and waste management.
Microstructure-Informed Prediction of Hardening in Ion-Irradiated Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels

Ion irradiation combined with nanoindentation is a promising tool for studying irradiation-induced hardening of nuclear materials, including reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels. For RPV steels, the major sources of hardening are nm-sized irradiation-induced dislocation loops and solute atom clusters, both representing barriers for dislocation glide. The dispersed barrier hardening (DBH) model provides a link between the irradiation-induced nanofeatures and hardening. However, a number of details of the DBH model still require consideration. These include the role of the unirradiated microstructure, the proper treatment of the indentation size effect (ISE), and the appropriate superposition rule of individual hardening contributions. In the present study, two well-characterized RPV steels, each ion-irradiated up to two different levels of displacement damage, were investigated. Dislocation loops and solute atom clusters were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography, respectively. Nanoindentation with a Berkovich indenter was used to measure indentation hardness as a function of the contact depth. In the present paper, the measured hardening profiles are compared with predictions based on different DBH models. Conclusions about the appropriate superposition rule and the consideration of the ISE (in terms of geometrically necessary dislocations) are drawn.
Kruvaziyer Turizminde Turistlerin Tavsiye Niyetlerinde Destinasyon İmajinin Etkisi The Impact of Destination Image on Recommendation Among Cruise Passengers

The objective of this study is to determine the effects of cog nitive image dimensions on overall image, and the effect of overall image on behavioral intentions of cruise passenger site recommendations. The study focused on cruise travel, an emerging type of tourism. The study was conducted in Alanya. The questionnaires were distributed to the cruisers using the convenience sampling technique. The proposed model was evaluated by structural equation modeling. The findings indi cate that the two dimensions of cognitive image, which are infrastructure and culture, affect the overall image of a desti nation. The overall image, in turn, affects the recommendation behavior of cruise passengers. From the methodological perspective, having a convenience sample, it cannot be generalized as the research permits the results to be generalized only for the sample population. The present study provides useful information for local governments by listing the factors that influence cruise passengers. Being an attractive tourist desti nation in the market leads to the economic development of the region, and the enhanced well-being of its residents.
APPLICATION OF FORENSIC ACCOUNTING SKILLS AND FRAUD DETECTION IN THE
PUBLIC SECTOR IN NIGERIA

his study investigated the relationship between forensic accounting skills and fraud detection in Nigeria’s public sector. It employs a cross-sectional field survey with a sample of 44 out of 47 audit firms that employ forensic skills when auditing MDAs in Plateau state. Data was collected via structured questionnaires, and hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression. Results indicated that persuasive and investigative skills have significant relationship with fraud detection, while no significant positive relationship was found with litigation support. The study recommends enhancing auditor and investigator skills through training and development programs to improve fraud detection in the public sector.