Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Some Global Measures of the Deviations of Density Function Estimates

We consider density estimates of the usual type generated by a weight function. Limt theorems are obtained for the maximum of the normalized deviation of the estimate from its expected value, and for quadratic norms of the same quantity. Using these results we study the behavior of tests of goodness-of-fit and confidence regions based on these statistics. In par­ ticular, we obtain a procedure which uniformly improves the chi-square goodness-of-fit test when the number of observations and cells is large and yet remains insensitive to the estimation of nuisance parameters. A new limit theorem for the maximum absolute value of a type of nonstationary Gaussian process is also proved.
Scaling laws for the heterogeneously heated free convective boundary layer

AbstractThe heterogeneously heated free convective boundary layer (CBL) is investigated by means of dimensional analysis and results from large-eddy simulations (LES) and direct numerical simulations (DNS). The investigated physical model is a CBL that forms in a linearly stratified atmosphere heated from the surface by square patches with a high surface buoyancy flux. Each simulation has been run long enough to show the formation of a peak in kinetic energy, corresponding to the “optimal” heterogeneity size with strong secondary circulations, and the subsequent transition into a horizontally homogeneous CBL.Scaling laws for the time of the optimal state and transition and for the vertically integrated kinetic energy (KE) have been developed. The laws show that the optimal state and transition do not occur at a fixed ratio of the heterogeneity size to the CBL height. Instead, these occur at a higher ratio for simulations with increasing heterogeneity sizes because of the development of structures in the d.
Elicitation of Personal Probabilities and Expectations

Abstract Proper scoring rules, i.e., devices of a certain class for eliciting a person's probabilities and other expectations, are studied, mainly theoretically but with some speculations about application. The relation of proper scoring rules to other economic devices and to the foundations of the personalistic theory of probability is brought out. The implications of various restrictions, especially symmetry restrictions, on scoring rules is explored, usually with a minimum of regularity hypothesis.
Holomorphic mappings between compact Riemann surfaces

Abstract There are only finitely many non-constant holomorphic mappings between two fixed compact Riemann surfaces of genus greater than 1. This result goes under the name of the de Franchis theorem. Having seen that the set of such holomorphic mappings is finite, we naturally want to obtain a bound on its cardinality. It has been known for some time that there exist various bounds depending only on the genera of the surfaces. Here we obtain ‘better’ bounds of the above type, using arguments based on the rigidity of holomorphic mappings and the hyperbolic geometry of surfaces.
Poloidal plasma rotation and its effect on fluctuations in a toroidal plasma

An experimental study on poloidal plasma rotation induced by electrode biasing and its effect on fluctuations is carried out in a purely toroidal plasma having no poloidal magnetic field. Poloidal plasma rotation and, concomitantly, significant reduction in the fluctuation level are observed. The radial profiles of poloidal flows and fluctuations are measured and compared. The dependence of the poloidal plasma rotation on the bias voltage and the toroidal magnetic field is presented. It is found that the large poloidal plasma rotation gives rise to a transition of the plasma state from a turbulent to a coherent mode
Finite Element Analysis Of An Axially Moving Beam, Part II: Stability Analysis

Abstract In order to gain a deeper insight into the mechanics of the axially moving beam, the dynamic stability characteristics of the flexible extendible beam are investigated in Part II using various extrusion profiles. The effects of physical damping, tip mass, tip support and wall flexibility on the stability characteristics of this system are examined. Additional verification is performed by comparison with a special analytical solution, and the dynamic stability analysis of pipes conveying fluid.
Boundary and initial flow induced variability over Pacific North America in CCC-AGCM simulations

Specified time-varying sea-surface temperatures (SST) of the extreme phases of El Niño-SouthernOscillation (ENSO), sea ice extent and different initial atmospheric flow configurations over the midlatitudesare used in a series of general circulation model (GCM) experiments to analyze variabilityover the Pacific North American (PNA) sector. These experiments are performed with the secondgenerationCanadian Climate Centre atmospheric general circulation model, CCC-GCM2 (hereafterreferred to as AGCM2). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Empirical Orthogonal Function(EOF) techniques are applied to the model results to assess and quantify the effects of the prescribedsea-surface temperatures and different initial flow regimes (zonal and meridional) on the modes of midlatitude variability over the PNA sector. Results show that the prescribed ENSO sea surface temperaturessignificantly influence the midlatitude simulated variability at 500 hPa in a form of the PNAteleconnection pattern. In addition, the initial flow configuration is seen to have a small but significanteffect on midlatitude variability. The interaction between the ENSO effect and the initial flow configurationdoes not significantly influence the midlatitude atmospheric variability. This indicates the effectsof the perturbation of the ENSO SST and the internal atmospheric dynamics on the total variability areadditive. The contribution to the total variability over the PNA sector by the specification of the initialatmospheric flow regime also manifests itself in a PNA-like pattern.
First-principles simulations of atomic networks and optical properties of amorphous SiN x alloys

We report ab initio generated atomic networks of amorphous silicon-nitrogen alloys, $a\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{SiN}}_{x},$ for 13 different values of content x [from 0 to the nearly stoichiometric composition of $x=(36/28)=1.29]. $ The amorphous structures were obtained using a new thermal procedure. 64-atom periodically continued cubic diamondlike cells, containing silicon and randomly substituted nitrogen, were amorphized by ``heating'' them to just below the corresponding melting temperatures, using a 6 fs time step and a Harris-functional based molecular dynamics code. After cooling, annealing, and optimizing, radial distribution functions (RDFs) and optical gaps were calculated for all samples. All the partial radial features obtained are new; the total RDF's agree very well with the scarce experimental results. The electron energy levels were then calculated and the optical gaps obtained using a novel Tauc-like procedure that is not sensitive to gap states and band tails. The gap values agree with experiment.
The portfolio choice problem: Comparison of certainty equivalence and optimal bayes portfolios

For the portfolio problem with unknown parameter values, we compare the conventional certainty equivalence portfolio choice with the optimal Bayes portfolio. In the important single risky asset case a diffuse Bayes rule leads to portfolios that differ significantly from those suggested by a certainty equivalence rule which we show are inadmissible relative to a quadratic utility function for the range of parameters we consider. These results are invariant to arbitrary changes in the utility function parameters. We illustrate the results using a simple mutual fund example.
Localization of disturbances and output decomposition in decentralized linear multivariable systems

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structural properties of the decentralized time-invariant linear multivariable systems in connection with the problems of disturbance localization and output decomposition. In the first, the necessary and sufficient conditions under which the disturbance localization is possible, by applying local state feedback laws, are given. The conditions are also stated in both cases of ordinary (centralized) systems with imperfect state measurement and of those with output measurement. In the second, the problem of output decomposition in decentralized linear multivariable systems is proposed, and the necessary and sufficient conditions of problem solvability are derived.
Correction of Satellite Tracking Data for an Arbitrary Tropospheric Profile

A procedure is given for deriving elevation-error and range-error correction equations in a form suitable for use in the rapid processing of satellite tracking data. The refractivity of the troposphere is assumed to have spherical symmetry, but may have any given profile that does not depart greatly from standard. When the procedure was tested for numerical accuracy by application to an exponential profile, the corrections calculated agreed with those obtained by ray tracing to 0.3% or better over a range of surface refractivity from 200 to 450 and a range of radiowave arrival angles from horizontal to vertical.
Temperature and stress polarity-dependent dielectric breakdown in ultrathin gate oxides

Temperature and stress polarity-dependent dielectric breakdown in thin silicon dioxides has been carefully investigated. The experimental data show that the time to breakdown under a constant-current injection has two kinks around 330 and 230 K for 4- and 10-nm-thick oxides under both stress polarities. It has been found that thinner oxides have a stronger temperature dependence (a larger activation energy) even if the field dependence of the activation energy is taken into consideration, and also that, from the gate voltage shift during the constant-current injection, the postbreakdown characteristics strongly depends on the stress polarity for thinner oxides.
Double discontinuity: A compound structure of slow shock and rotational discontinuity

This paper reports the observations of a compound structure in space plasma composed of a slow shock layer and an adjoining rotational discontinuity layer on the postshock side. The compound structure looks like a new kind of MHD discontinuity; it may be called a double discontinuity. Two dual-spacecraft observations of double discontinuities using high-resolution magnetic field data were made in interplanetary space in 1995. The first one observed from Wind and IMP 8 is composed of a reversed slow shock and a rotational discontinuity. The second one observed from Wind and Geotail is composed of a forward slow shock and a rotational discontinuity. A double discontinuity is a stable, large-scale solar wind structure. The thickness of the slow shock layer is of a few ion inertial lengths. The flow in the preshock region has a low βi value and a large shock angle.
Successive detonations in accreting white dwarfs as an alternative mechanism for type I supernovae

Simulations of exploding helium shells in accreting white dwarfs show that the ingoing shock wave is strong enough to ignite the carbon at the center into an outgoing detonation wave. This mechanism provides a new way to form supernovae of type Ia, not only in heavy white dwarfs approaching the Chandrasekhar mass, but in a much wider range of masses. Thus, many of the problems which arise in current models, such as deflagration versus detonation, may be solved as explosions of white dwarfs of lesser mass are considered. 30 refs.
Fluidized-bed pyrolysis of waste bamboo

Bamboo was a popular material substituting for wood, especially for one-off commodity in China. In order to recover energy and materials from waste bamboo, the basic characteristics of bamboo pyrolysis were studied by a thermogravimetric analyzer. It implied that the reaction began at 190∼210 °C, and the percentage of solid product deceased from about 25% to 17% when temperature ranged from 400 °C to 700 °C. A lab-scale fluidized-bed furnace was setup to research the detailed properties of gaseous, liquid and solid products respectively. When temperature increased from 400 °C to 700 °C, the mass percent of solid product decreased from 27% to 17% approximately, while that of syngas rose up from 19% to 35%. When temperature was about 500°C, the percentage of tar reached the top, about 31%. The mass balance of these experiments was about 93%∼95%. It indicated that three reactions involved in the process: pyrolysis of exterior bamboo, pyrolysis of interior bamboo and secondary pyrolysis of heavy tar.
Anomalous pressure drop behaviour of mixed kinematics flows of viscoelastic polymer solutions: a multiscale simulation approach

A long-standing unresolved problem in non-Newtonian fluid mechanics, namely, the relationship between friction drag and flow rate in inertialess complex kinematics flows of dilute polymeric solutions is investigated via self-consistent multiscale flow simulations. Specifically, flow of a highly elastic dilute polymeric solution, described by first principles micromechanical models, through a 4:1:4 axisymmetric contraction and expansion geometry is examined utilizing our recently developed highly efficient multiscale flow simulation algorithm (Koppol, Sureshkumar & Khomami, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., vol. 141, 2007, p. 180). Comparison with experimental measurements (Rothstein & McKinley, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., vol. 86, 1999, p. 61) shows that the pressure drop evolution as a function of flow rate can be accurately predicted when the chain dynamics is described by multi-segment bead-spring micromechanical models that closely capture the transient extensional viscosity of the experimental fluid. Specifically, for the first time the experimentally observed doubling of the dimensionless excess pressure drop at intermediate flow rates is predicted. Moreover, based on an energy dissipation analysis it has been shown that the variation of the excess pressure drop with the flow rate is controlled by the flow-microstructure coupling in the extensional flow dominated region of the flow. Finally, the influence of the macromolecular chain extensibility on the vortex dynamics, i.e. growth of the upstream corner vortex at low chain extensibility or the shrinkage of the upstream corner vortex coupled with the formation of a lip vortex that eventually merges with the upstream corner vortex at high chain extensibility is elucidated.
Impact of the Environmental Low-Level Wind Profile on Ensemble Forecasts of the 4 May 2007 Greensburg, Kansas, Tornadic Storm and Associated Mesocyclones

AbstractThe early tornadic phase of the Greensburg, Kansas, supercell on the evening of 4 May 2007 is simulated using a set of storm-scale (1-km horizontal grid spacing) 30-member ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation and forecast experiments. The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) level-II radar data from the Dodge City, Kansas (KDDC), Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) are assimilated into the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) Collaborative Model for Multiscale Atmospheric Simulation (COMMAS). The initially horizontally homogeneous environments are initialized from one of three reconstructed soundings representative of the early tornadic phase of the storm, when a low-level jet (LLJ) was intensifying. To isolate the impact of the low-level wind profile, 0–3.5-km AGL wind profiles from Vance Air Force Base, Oklahoma (KVNX), WSR-88D velocity-azimuth display (VAD) analyses at 0130, 0200, and 0230 UTC are used. A sophisticated, double-moment bulk ice microphysics scheme i.
Detection of Molecular Clouds in the Magellanic Bridge: Candidate Star Formation Sites in a Nearby Low-Metallicity System

We present the results of a new, wide-field, and broad-ranging survey for 12CO (1-0) emission regions in the nearest and brightest tidal structure: the Magellanic Bridge. We have detected seven sites of 12CO (1-0) emission using the NANTEN telescope in addition to the one detected previously. The integrated CO brightness for these detections ranges between 30 and 140 mK km s-1, corresponding to an estimated molecular mass of (1-7) × 103 M☉ [assuming the CO-to-H2 conversion factor (X-factor) of ~1.4 × 1021 cm-2 (K km s-1)-1]. The positions of the CO emission regions are generally coincident with sites of bright 100 μm emission, where I100 μm > 2.6 MJy sr-1, and have narrow line widths of <~2 km s-1, indicating gas in a cold and rather quiescent state. The velocity centroids of the CO spectra are generally consistent with those of the H I spectra, and we suggest that CO clouds are formed after the tidal encounter, rather than being extracted from the SMC. This is supported by the small typical lifetime of CO clouds, which is as short as ~107 yr and much less than the estimated 200 Myr age of the Bridge itself.
A measurement of the ratio of the W + 1 jet and Z + 1 jet cross sections using the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The first measurement of the ratio of the W and Z cross sections in association with a single jet, known as the R_{Jets} measurement, is presented. The measurement was performed using 33pb^-1 of integrated luminosity, recorded during the year 2010 by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. At this time the LHC was operating at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The measurement is made as a function of the threshold on the jet transverse momentum, from 30 GeV up to a value of 200 GeV. The motivation for this measurement is outlined in terms of providing a stringent test of the Standard Model of particle physics, as well as a model independent tool for searching for new physics. Data driven tools are developed to perform the measurement and their performance is discussed. The result of the measurement is compared with the predictions of Next-to-Leading order perturbative QCD and found to be in good agreement over the entire range of transverse momenta considered.
Modeling of RR Lyrae light curves: the case of M3

Context. A promising technique to derive the physical parameters and the distance of pulsating stars is the fit of the observed light curves by nonlinear pulsation models. Aims. We apply this technique to a subsample of the RR Lyrae belonging to the Galactic globular cluster M3. The application of the method to cluster pulsators has the advantage of dealing with a homogeneous sample at the same distance and with the same chemical composition allowing to be checked the internal consistency of pulsational calculations. Methods. We selected seven pulsators (three RR c and four RR ab ) which cover a significant period range and show detailed light curves in the B, V and in some cases I bands. For four of them, with different periods, pulsation modes and light curve properties, we analyze the dependence of the theoretical light curve variations on the model input parameters. Results. For all selected objects, except the reddest one, we are able to theoretically reproduce the observed light curve morphology for self-consistent ranges of intrinsic stellar parameters, in agreement with the evolutionary predictions for the corresponding metal abundance. It is worth noting that, even if the theoretical reproduction of individual light curves gives for each variable only a range of stellar parameters and distances, the analysis of several variables belonging to the same cluster provides a mean distance modulus, namely μ v = 15.10 ± 0.1 mag, and also checks the self-consistency of the adopted theoretical scenario. Taking also into account the evolutionary constraints, the range of the accepted distance modulus is significantly reduced giving a weighted mean value of 15.05 ± 0.02. Our estimates are in agreement with available results in the literature obtained from independent methods.
On the Nature of the Molecular Condensation Downstream from HH 80 North

We present HCO+ (J=3→2), H13CO+ (J=3→2), CS (J=5→4), and 13CO (J=2→1) Caltech Submillimeter Observatory observations toward the dense quiescent clump downstream from HH 80 North. This condensation is one in a class of sources that show anomalous molecular abundances, probably produced by UV radiation from a nearby shock. The HCO+ emission properties—location, size, center velocity, line widths, and excitation temperature—are similar to those of the ammonia emission, suggesting that it arises from the same region. The H13CO+ (J=3→2) and CS (J=5→4) lines are marginally detected. Comparison between NH3, HCO+, and CS implies an ammonia enhancement relative to CS of at least 1 order of magnitude, whereas HCO+ shows only a weak enhancement relative to CS. These results are compatible with the radiative shock-induced chemistry models (Taylor & Williams; Wolfire & Königl) when we take into account the extinction. Our results suggest that the dense clump detected in NH3 and HCO+ is illuminated by HH 80 North, making this region a good laboratory for studying the chemical processes in a quiescent clump radiatively excited by shocks.
Thermoelectric Properties of Electron-Doped KTaO3

To explore the possibility of large thermoelectric responses on the basis of d-electron orbital degeneracy, we investigated electrical and thermal transport properties of single crystals of electron-doped KTaO3. The electron-type carrier density (n) can be increased up to 1.4×1020 cm-3 (x = 0.009) by partially substituting K with Ba in the form of K1-xBaxTaO3. The power factor and dimensionless figure of merit at room temperature steeply increase with n, up to 14 µW cm-1 K-2 and 0.03 for x = 0.009, respectively. This suggests that K1-xBaxTaO3 is a potential thermoelectric material, provided that n can be further increased.
Thermophysical Properties of P-Anisaldehyde and Diacetone Alcohol with Bromobenzene at Different Temperatures

The thermophysical properties have been determined for p-anisaldehyde or 4-hydroxy 4-methyl pentanone with bromobenzene over the entire composition range at temperature of 303.15, 313.15, and 323.15K. The viscosity values werefit to thedifferentmodels. The thermophysical properties under studywere alsofit to the Jouyban–Acreemodel. The excess values were correlated using the Redlich–Kister polynomial equation to obtain their coefficients and standard deviations.
First- and second- order analysis of axially loaded crystals in n-fold symmetry

A comprehensive theoretical investigation of multiple slip in axially tensile-loaded f.c. c. crystals in n-fold symmetry positions (n= 4, 6, 8) is presented. The analysis is complete to second order in terms of series expansions of all variables in the prescribed small load increment. In the first part of the paper, general kinematic relations and slip-system inequalities are given, and several new results discovered that apply independently of hardening rule and degree of symmetry. Subsequent sections contain extensive firsthand second-order analyses corresponding to four specific hardening theories, including Taylor's classical isotropic rule and the ‘ simple theory’ of anisotropic latent hardening. For minimum work, unifying relations are found connecting a generic hardening parameter, its rate of change with load, and the first and second derivatives of axial stretch that hold for all four theories.
Conditions under Which Mean Square Ratios in Repeated Measurements Designs Have Exact F-Distributions

Abstract Investigation is made of the character of the covariance matrix which will result in exact F-distributions for the treatments and interaction variance ratios in repeated measurements designs. It is shown, assuming multivariate normality, that the matrix may exhibit a more general character than is typically implied to be essential. Equality of variances and equality of covariances, with identical matrices for all levels of a second treatment factor, are sufficient but not necessary conditions. The necessary and sufficient condition is the equality of variances of differences for all pairs of treatment measures assumed to be correlated. An alternative statement is that the Box-Geisser-Greenhouse parameter e = 1.0. A test is described which bears on the tenability of this condition.