Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anomalous bulk-edge correspondence in continuous media

Topology plays an increasing role in physics beyond the realm of topological insulators in condensed mater. From geophysical fluids to active matter, acoustics or photonics, a growing family of systems presents topologically protected chiral edge modes. The number of such modes should coincide with the bulk topological invariant (e.g. Chern number) defined for a sample without boundary, in agreement with the bulk-edge correspondence. However this is not always the case when dealing with continuous media where there is no small scale cut-off. The number of edge modes actually depends on the boundary condition, even when the bulk is properly regularized, showing an apparent paradox where the bulk-edge correspondence is violated. In this paper we solve this paradox by showing that the anomaly is due to {ghost} edge modes hidden in the asymptotic part of the spectrum. We provide a general formalism based on scattering theory to detect all edge modes properly, so that the bulk-edge correspondence is restored. We illustrate this approach through the odd-viscous shallow-water model and the massive Dirac Hamiltonian, and discuss the physical consequences.
Multispectral Crop Yield Prediction Using 3D-Convolutional Neural Networks and Attention Convolutional LSTM Approaches

In recent years, national economies are highly affected by crop yield predictions. By early prediction, the market price can be predicted, importing, and exporting plan can be provided, social, and economic effects of waste products can be minimized, and a program can be presented for humanitarian food aid. In addition, agricultural fields are constantly growing to generate products required. The use of machine learning (ML) methods in this sector can lead to the efficient production and high-quality agricultural products. Traditional predictive machine models were unable to find nonlinear relationships between data. Recently, there has been a revolution in prediction systems via the advancement of ML, which can be used to achieve highly accurate decision-making networks. Thus far, many strategies have been used to evaluate agricultural products, such as DeepYield, CNN-LSTM, and ConvLSTM. However, preferable prediction accuracy is required. In this study, two architectures have been proposed. The first model includes 2D-CNN, skip connections, and LSTM-Attentions. The second model comprises 3D-CNN, skip connections, and ConvLSTM Attention. The Input data given from MODIS products such as Land-Cover, Surface-Temperature, and MODIS-Land-surface from 2003 to 2018 on the county level over 1800 counties, where soybean is mainly cultivated in the USA. The proposed methods have been compared with the most recent models. Then, the results showed that the second proposed method notably outperformed the other techniques. In case of MAE, the second proposed method, DeepYield, ConvLSTM, 3DCNN, and CNN-LSTM obtained 4.3, 6.003, 6.05, 6.3, and 7.002, respectively.
Resonances and convex co-compact congruence subgroups of PSL2(Z)

This papers deals with congruence subgroups of convex cocompact subgroups of PSL2(Z). We examine the behaviour of the resonance spectrum when the congruence parameter q goes to infinity: we show a lower bound for the counting function in discs and an upper bound in vertical strips. These results show drastically different behaviour on both sides of the critical line $\Re(s)=\delta/2$.
Constitutive equation to describe the nonlinear elastic response of aqueous foams and concentrated emulsions

We present a constitutive equation that describes the nonlinear elastic response of aqueous foams and concentrated emulsions that undergo affine deformations. We derive it from the expression for interfacial energy of strained aqueous foam or concentrated emulsions using the formalism of large deformation continuum mechanics. By linearizing the strain energy potential, we obtain a constitutive equation of Mooney–Rivlin form. The predicted nonlinear elastic response is compared to that in previous models and numerical simulations. Furthermore, we discuss the approximations used, particularly those regarding the nonaffine character of deformation in real foams and concentrated emulsions.
A learner corpus analysis of problem-solving schemata and move structures in debating discourse

Problem-solving is essentially a process with schematic, conversational and procedural attributes. This skill set is essential for graduates to solve problems they encounter in their social, academic, and professional lives. A huge portion of problem-solving practice may be found in debating. Due to the magnitude of problem-solving skills, this study aimed to investigate the synergetic role of debating practice on problem-solving language development in a corpus-assisted way. This study compiled a learner corpus containing 32,3975 tokens of 28 transcribed debates from the World University Debating Championship on YouTube (see Appendix). A corpus-based analysis by AntConc explored the schematic features of problem-solving patterns in terms of type-token ratio, collocation, standardized frequencies, and concordance lines. The findings show that problem-solving representations were outstanding in the debating learner corpus with a high type-token ratio, Problem schema, and Solution schema. Patterns concerning problem, need, and solution(s) appear with a highly standardized frequency. In addition, a concordance analysis of the most frequent keywords revealed the schematic variations of problem-solving functions employed by debaters. The genre analysis confirms the presence of problem-solving procedures in the sequence of the Situation, the Problem, the Response or Solution, and the Evaluation and its conversational inherency under diverse opinions. These findings provide corpus evidence for the schematic, conversational and procedural representation of problem-solving. Thus, debating practice is a significant vehicle to facilitate students’ problem-solving sense development of knowledge schema, conversations, and genre prototypes.
Determinants of Levodopa Responsiveness in Patients with Vascular Parkinsonism

Introduction: Vascular Parkinsonism (VaP) is characterized by symmetric, predominantly lower limb bradykinesia and rigidity and no significant improvement with levodopa. We aimed to describe the clinical and radiological features of patients with VaP and the factors that determine levodopa responsiveness. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of patients with VaP. The study included 44 patients (36 men) with VaP. The diagnosis was based on Zijlman's criteria. Demographic and clinical details were recorded from the case files. MRI data were available for all the patients. However, the motor severity scores assessed in the OFF and ON states using the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) part III were available for 17 patients only. Based on the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) finds, patients were categorized into isolated periventricular ischemic (PVI) changes, isolated basal ganglia (BG)/thalamic infarcts, and both combined. Results: The mean age at the diagnosis was 65.2 ± 7.4 years. Further, the age at the onset of symptoms was 61.8 ± 8.1 years and the total disease duration was 3.5 ± 2.5 years. Hypertension was the most common risk factor and was observed in 88.6% of patients. Symmetrical lower body parkinsonism was observed in 88.6%. The mean UPDRS part III OFF score was 33.76 ± 12.7 and ON score was 30 ± 13.98. PVI changes were the most common MRI abnormality detected. Patients with isolated BG/thalamic infarcts had better mini-mental status examination scores and better levodopa responsiveness compared to other groups. Conclusions: Hypertension was the most common risk factor seen in patients with VaP. Those with isolated BG/thalamus infarcts demonstrated better levodopa responsiveness.
Functional Role of STIM-1 and Orai1 in Human Microvascular Aging

The impact of aging on vascular function is heterogeneous depending on the vascular territories. Calcium regulation plays a key role in vascular function and has been implicated in aging-related hypercontractility of corpus cavernosum. We aimed to evaluate stromal interaction molecule (STIM)/Orai system involvement in aging-related vascular alterations in the human macro and microvasculature. Aortae specimens and mesenteric arteries (MA), obtained from 45 organ donors, were functionally evaluated in organ chambers and wire myographs. Subjects were divided into groups either younger or older than 65-years old. The expressions of STIM-1, Orai1, and Orai3 were determined by immunofluorescence in the aorta and MA, and by Western blot in the aorta homogenates. The inhibition of STIM/Orai with YM-58483 (20 μM) reversed adrenergic hypercontractility in MA from older subjects but did not modify aging-related hypercontractility in the aortic strips. Aging was related to an increased expression of Orai1 in human aorta, while Orai1 and STIM-1 were upregulated in MA. STIM-1 and Orai1 protein expressions were inversely correlated to endothelial function in MA. Circulating levels of Orai1 were correlated with the inflammatory factor TNF-α and with the endothelial dysfunction marker asymmetric dimethylarginine. Aging is associated with an increased expression of the STIM/Orai system in human vessels with functional relevance only in the microvascular territory, suggesting its role in aging-related microvascular dysfunction.
Associations between Sweet Taste Sensitivity and Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 Genes, Gender, PROP Taster Status, and Density of Fungiform Papillae in a Genetically Homogeneous Sardinian Cohort

Individual differences in sweet taste sensitivity can affect dietary preferences as well as nutritional status. Despite the lack of consensus, it is believed that sweet taste is impacted by genetic and environmental variables. Here we determined the effect of well-established factors influencing the general taste variability, such as gender and fungiform papillae density, specific genetic variants (SNPs of TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 receptors genes), and non-specific genetic factors (PROP phenotype and genotype), on the threshold and suprathreshold sweet taste sensitivity. Suprathreshold measurements showed that the sweet taste response increased in a dose-dependent manner, and this was related to PROP phenotype, gender, rs35874116 SNP in the TAS1R2 gene, and rs307355 SNP in the TAS1R3 gene. The threshold values and density of fungiform papillae exhibited a strong correlation, and both varied according to PROP phenotype. Our data confirm the role of PROP taste status in the sweet perception related to fungiform papilla density, show a higher sweet sensitivity in females who had lower BMI than males, and demonstrate for the first time the involvement of the rs35874116 SNP of TAS1R2 in the sweet taste sensitivity of normal weight subjects with body mass index (BMI) ranging from 20.2 to 24.8 kg/m2. These results may have an important impact on nutrition and health mostly in subjects with low taste ability for sweets and thus with high vulnerability to developing obesity or metabolic disease.
Action of swim-up and caffeine on equine frozen sperm

Abstract Cryopreservation of equine semen is crucial to semen commercialization. However, it reduces sperm motility and longevity. Thus, sperm selection methods and addition of motility-activating substances to sperm, such as caffeine, may improve sperm quality of equine frozen semen. The objective of the current work was to evaluate the effects of caffeine on recovery and quality parameters of frozen-thawed sperm subjected to swim-up selection to be used in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in assisted reproductive techniques. Stallion semen were frozen and after thawing different caffeine concentrations were added to the samples performing four treatments control (no caffeine), 3, 5, and 7.5 mM caffeine. Sperm kinematic and motility were assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Then, the four treated samples were submitted to the swim-up sperm selection, and the number of recovered sperm and morphology were evaluated at four times 20, 40, 60, and 80 min. The swim-up increased the recovery proportion of normal morphology sperm without (80.1±1%) or with caffeine addition (3mM: 81.2±1%, 5mM: 79.9±1% and 7.5 mM 78.9±1%) compared to the thawed semen (70±2%). However, the addition of 5 mM caffeine induced an increase in sperm motility (38.9±2.8 vs. 32.6±3.4%, P<0.05), and sperm recovery after swim-up (7.9x106 vs. 3.4x106 sperm/ml, P<0.05) compared to the control. The addition of 5 mM caffeine to frozen-thawed equine semen before swim-up selection improved sperm motility and increased the sperm recovery rate while not decreasing the percentage of morphologically normal sperm. Thus, caffeine addition to frozen-thawed equine semen before swim-up selection has potential clinical application in improving sperm quality for use in ICSI.
Modeling Heterogeneous Variance–Covariance Components in Two-Level Models

Applications of multilevel models to continuous outcomes nearly always assume constant residual variance and constant random effects variances and covariances. However, modeling heterogeneity of variance can prove a useful indicator of model misspecification, and in some educational and behavioral studies, it may even be of direct substantive interest. The purpose of this article is to review, describe, and illustrate a set of recent extensions to two-level models that allow the residual and random effects variance–covariance components to be specified as functions of predictors. These predictors can then be entered with random coefficients to allow the Level-1 heteroscedastic relationships to vary across Level-2 units. We demonstrate by simulation that ignoring Level-2 variability in residual variances leads the Level-1 variance function regression coefficients to be estimated with spurious precision. We discuss software options for fitting these extensions, and we illustrate them by reanalyzing the classic High School and Beyond data and two-level school effects models presented by Raudenbush and Bryk.
MULTIMODE ER-DOPED FIBER FOR SINGLE-TRANSVERSE-MODE AMPLIFICATION

We demonstrate that spatial distribution and doping level of the active ions can be designed to provide efficient fundamental mode selection in multimode erbium-doped fiber at high output power. As a result an improvement in scaling fiber devices with single-transverse-mode output to higher power levels is achieved through an increase in mode–field area. It was found that pump-induced guiding contribute the light propagation in a multimode fiber amplifier.
Can we work more safely and healthily with robot partners? A human‐friendly robot–human‐coordinated order fulfillment scheme

This work addresses the issue of intelligent robot–human‐coordinated parts‐to‐picker order fulfillment carried out in a human‐friendly manner. One unique feature of the proposed approach involves integrating a real‐time data‐driven stochastic‐dynamic model with a fatigue accumulation function. The optimal solutions help achieve coordination between human pickers and robots, such that robots can agilely adapt to the coordinated pickers’ efficiency and fatigue conditions. Specifically, the proposed method estimates human pickers’ instantaneous performance and robot queue lengths, which are then fed back in real time as indexes to adjust robots’ speeds of handling racks and moving them to human pickers. Using data that are provided by a giant electronic commerce (e‐commerce) company, our analyses demonstrate that the proposed robot–picker coordination system permits alleviating a picker's fatigue without much influence on picking efficiency. In particular, a picker's accumulated fatigue can be reduced by 53.74% at the expense of lowering picker efficiency by 14.79% if the proposed robot–picker coordination system is applied in the focal firm of the study case. Through our scenario design and sensitivity analysis, additional findings and managerial insights, including the rules of human‐friendly robot behaviors for coordination with human pickers in different operational scenarios are provided. They facilitate the development of “human‐friendly” intelligent robot‐human‐coordinated order‐fulfillment systems for intelligent logistics operations.
Approaches to the Management of Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Simple Summary Patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) often experience late distant metastasis years after definitive therapy, most commonly to the lungs. Currently, there is little consensus on the optimal treatment regimens for metastatic ACC, which typically confer modest clinical benefit. Here, we outline management approaches for metastatic ACC in the context of pertinent ACC biology. We summarize the most commonly utilized systemic treatment regimens, review methods of local control for oligometastatic lung disease, and highlight emerging molecular targets with promise for advancing ACC management in the future. Abstract High rates of recurrence and distant metastasis are a foremost challenge in the management of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), occurring in approximately 40% of all ACC patients. Despite the morbidity and mortality resulting from recurrent/metastatic (R/M) disease, there are no FDA-approved systemic agents for these patients. In this review, we summarize pertinent ACC pathophysiology and its implications for different systemic treatment regimens in R/M ACC. We review the evidence for the most widely used systemic agents — cytotoxic chemotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting VEGFR — in addition to immune checkpoint inhibitors and non-TKI biologic agents. Exciting emerging targets for R/M ACC, including inhibitors of Notch signaling, stemness, PRMT5, and Axl, are also discussed. Lastly, we review local therapies for small-volume lung disease in patients with oligometastatic ACC, specifically pulmonary metastasectomy and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Future development of targeted molecular agents which exploit the underlying biology of this disease may yield novel therapeutic options to improve clinical outcomes in patients with R/M ACC.
Differences in Weekly Training Load, Well-Being, and Hormonal Responses between European- and National-Level Professional Male Basketball Players during the Pre-Season Phase

This study aimed to compare the weekly fluctuation in training load (sRPE-load), well-being (perceived fatigue, stress, mood, sleep, and muscle soreness), and hormonal responses [testosterone (T) and cortisol (C)] during the pre-season phase in European- and national-level professional male basketball players. Twenty-one professional male basketball players belonging to European-level (n = 11, age: 25.5 ± 3.6 yr; stature: 199.2 ± 7.1 cm; body mass: 94.1 ± 8.5 kg) and national-level (n = 10, age: 23.5 ± 4.7 yr; stature: 198.0 ± 5.6 cm; body mass: 94.0 ± 8.8 kg) teams were monitored during a 5-week pre-season phase. The European-level team showed higher sRPE-load in week 5 compared to week 3 (within-team difference, p = 0.049; ES = −1.44 [−2.38, −0.5], large) and week 1 (p = 0.018; ES = 1.62 [0.64, 2.61], large), week 4 (p = 0.005; ES = 1.79 [0.78, 2.81], large) and week 5 (p = 0.001; ES = 1.96 [0.92, 3.01], large) of the national-level team. The national-level team documented the lowest sRPE-load in week 5, which was statistically different compared to week 2 (p = 0.022; ES = 1.59 [0.61, 2.58], large) and week 4 (p = 0.001; ES = 1.94 [0.9, 2.98], large) of the European-level team. Moreover, higher stress (p < 0.001; ES = 1.94 [0.93, 2.95], large) and better mood (p = 0.003; ES = 1.79 [0.8, 2.78], large) were found in week 1 compared to week 5 within the European-level team. Additionally, higher values of salivary C were found in week 1 for the European-level team compared to week 2 (p = 0.020; ES = 1.6 [0.61, 2.58], large) and week 4 (p = 0.018; ES = 1.66 [0.64, 2.67], large) of the national-level team. Our results can provide reference values for basketball practitioners regarding the fluctuations of weekly load, well-being, and hormones across the pre-season period in professional male teams competing at European and national levels.
A generalized Chebyshev Finite Difference method for higher order boundary value problems

A general formula is presented for any order derivative of Chebyshev polynomials instead of the existing recursive relationship. Hence, the Chebyshev finite difference method is made applicable not only to second order problems but also to higher order boundary value problems. The generalized method is applied to a variety of higher order boundary value problems and it is seen that the obtained results are more accurate than the other numerical methods in absolute error.
Wide?Band Bursts of V.L.F. Radio Noise (Hiss) at Hobart

Wide-band bursts of radio noise from the upper ionosphere or exosphere have been observed at frequencies from 100 cIs to 250 kc/s. The observed intensity [Wm-2 (C/S)-I] ranges from nearly 10-9 at 100 cIs to 10-19 at 250 kc/s. However, the intensity at the source (above the ionosphere), deduced by subtracting the losses suffered in the ionosphere and below the ionosphere, shows a relatively flat spectrum at a level of the order of 10-10 Wm-2 (C/S)-I.
Local Averaging for Consensus Over Communication Links With Random Dropouts

This letter proposes a mechanism for consensusability of multi-agent systems which communicate through packet loss channels. A distinguishing feature of our approach is that we assume that each agent may act on an estimate of the state of its neighbours when packet losses occur. A system using the proposed compensation method subject to nonidentical Markovian dropouts is analysed and conditions for consensusability are proposed. Simulation results are provided which verify the proposed conditions and show that it allows for consensusability over a wider range of dropout probabilities than methods previously documented in the literature.
Microplastics Exacerbate Cadmium-Induced Kidney Injury by Enhancing Oxidative Stress, Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Fibrosis

Cadmium (Cd) is a potential pathogenic factor in the urinary system that is associated with various kidney diseases. Microplastics (MPs), comprising of plastic particles less than 5 mm in diameter, are a major carrier of contaminants. We applied 10 mg/L particle 5 μm MPs and 50 mg/L CdCl2 in water for three months in vivo assay to assess the damaging effects of MPs and Cd exposure on the kidney. In vivo tests showed that MPs exacerbated Cd-induced kidney injury. In addition, the involvement of oxidative stress, autophagy, apoptosis, and fibrosis in the damaging effects of MPs and Cd on mouse kidneys were investigated. The results showed that MPs aggravated Cd-induced kidney injury by enhancing oxidative stress, autophagy, apoptosis, and fibrosis. These findings provide new insights into the toxic effects of MPs on the mouse kidney.
Cloud‐resolving simulations of intense tropical Hector thunderstorms: Implications for aerosol–cloud interactions

The Hector thunderstorm is studied with a numerical cloud‐resolving model. Special attention is given to modelling the mixed‐phase and glaciated cloud microphysical processes (along with the implications of aerosols) and their influence on the resulting microphysical and dynamical storm structure. Radiative impacts are also calculated. Simulations are performed for a typical storm case from the EMERALD‐II convective cloud experiment in November and December 2002.