Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Carbon-Use Efficiency Among Different Land-Use Patterns of the Temperate Steppe in the Northern China Pastoral Farming Ecotone

Carbon-use efficiency (CUE) is the proportion of gross primary production converted to net primary production. Changes to CUE strongly influence ecosystem carbon budgets and turnover. Little is known about the response of ecosystem CUE to human-induced land-use change, which limits the accurate evaluation of the environmental influence of large-scale steppe-use changes in northern China. We investigated the components of ecosystem carbon exchange and CUE under three typical steppe-use patterns in Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia. The results showed that CUE in grazing and grazing-excluded steppe were not significantly different (both over 0.7) but were significantly higher than in cultivated steppe (0.57). Ecosystem respiration and its components, including autotrophic respiration (Ra), aboveground respiration, heterotrophic respiration and belowground respiration showed significant negative correlation with CUE. Ra is the most important factor explaining the variation of CUE between different steppe-use patterns (p < 0.001, 97%); Ra change may be the primary factor driving CUE variation between steppe-use patterns. Leaf area index of different grassland-use patterns also showed a significant negative correlation with CUE (p < 0.001, 91%). These findings may help to improve accurate prediction of the environmental and climatic consequences of large-scale land-use change.
Dipole oscillations of confined lattice bosons in one dimension

We study the dynamics of a nonintegrable system comprising interacting cold bosons trapped in an optical lattice in one dimension by means of exact time-dependent numerical density-matrix renormalization group techniques. Particles are confined by a parabolic potential, and dipole oscillations are induced by displacing the trap center of a few lattice sites. Depending on the system parameters this motion can vary from undamped to overdamped. We study the dipole oscillations as a function of the lattice displacement, the particle density, and the strength of interparticle interactions. These results explain the recent experiment [C. D. Fertig et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 120403 (2005)].
Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Turmeric and Thyme powders on performance, blood parameters and immune system of broiler chickens

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of turmeric and thyme powders on performance, blood parameters and immune system of broiler chickens. In this study, 300, one-day old broiler chickens of the commercial Ross 308 strain were used in a randomized design with four treatment (five replicated in each treatment and 15 birds/replicated) and reared on the floor pens for 42 days. The dietary treatments were: (1) control diet (no supplement), (2) basal diet supplemented with 5 g/kg turmeric powder, (3) basal diet supplemented with 5 g/kg thyme powder and (4) basal diet supplemented with 2.5 g/kg turmeric powder + 2.5 g/kg thyme powder in diet. The results indicated that addition of different levels of turmeric and thyme powders increased chicks body weight in comparison to the control groups at 42 days of age (p>0.05). Further results showed no significant difference in feed intake among control and other treatment groups. Broilers receiving different levels of turmeric + thyme powders had highest feed intake and lowest FCR in compare to other groups. Broilers receiving turmeric and thyme powders had lower uric acid, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglyceride concentrations compared to the control groups. The results showed that addition of turmeric and thyme powders were increased anti body newcastle and Influenza titres.
Dynamical properties of ultracold bosons in an optical lattice

We study the excitation spectrum of strongly correlated lattice bosons for the Mott-insulating phase and for the superfluid phase close to localization. Within a Schwinger-boson mean-field approach we find two gapped modes in the Mott insulator and the combination of a sound mode (Goldstone) and a gapped (Higgs) mode in the superfluid. To make our findings comparable with experimental results, we calculate the dynamic structure factor as well as the linear response to the optical lattice modulation introduced by Stoeferle et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 130403 (2004)]. We find that the puzzling finite frequency absorption observed in the superfluid phase could be explained via the excitation of the gapped (Higgs) mode. We check the consistency of our results with an adapted f-sum rule and propose an extension of the experimental technique by Stoeferle et al. to further verify our findings.
Satellite SAR Data-based Sea Ice Classification: An Overview

A review of the main approaches developed for sea ice classification using satellite imagery is presented. Satellite data are the main and very often only information source for sea ice classification and charting in the remote arctic regions. The main techniques used for ice classification and ice charting in several national ice services are considered. Advantages and disadvantages of various SAR data-based methods for ice classification are analyzed. It is shown that an increase of SAR technical abilities contributes to the enhancement of sea ice classification reliability. The possible further development of satellite data-based methods for ice classification is discussed.
DETERMINATION OF THE FEEDING VALUE OF FOOD

The use of plant by-products from the food industry in animal feeding is a way of reusing resources with a high feeding potential. With the view of their potential use in poultry diets, 5 byproducts (rapeseeds meal, grape seeds meal, flax meal, buckthorn meal and pumpkin meal) were characterized chemically and physically to determine their feeding value. The chemical determinations revealed a variable content of protein, ranging between 11.91% (grape seeds meal) and 34.88% (pumpkin meal). The rape seeds meal has 33.15% protein, with high concentrations of limiting amino acids (1.85% lysine, 0.71% cystine and 0.71% methionine), compared to the grape seeds meal (0.42% lysine) or the buckthorn meal (0.16% cystine; 0,17% methionine). The flax meal has a high concentration of α linolenic acid (42.93 g/100 g total fatty acids), and the grape seeds meal has a high antioxidant capacity (493.074 mMTrolox/g). The grape seeds meal has a high concentration of Fe (362 mg/kg), while the rapeseed meal has a high concentration of manganese (82.9 mg/kg), selenium (1.2 mg/kg) and zinc (95 mg/kg). The pumpkin meal has high concentrations (mg/kg) of Co (0.78), Cu (19.2), Ni (447) and Mo (116). The gross energy level (MJ/kg) was 16.94 (rapeseeds meal); 18.07 (grape seeds meal); 18.94 (buckthorn meal); 19.31 (flax meal); 20.10 (pumpkin meal). These results show that the analysed by-products meet the feeding requirements to be used as feed ingredients in layer diets.
Toward Second-Order Algorithm for the Pulsating Detonation Wave Modeling in the Shock-Attached Frame

ABSTRACT The article is dedicated to the numerical investigation of gaseous pulsating detonation wave propagation using two approaches. In the first one the problem is solved in the laboratory frame and the detonation is initiated near the closed end of the channel. In the second approach the modeling is carried out in the shock-attached frame. For this purpose we proposed the numerical algorithm for the integration of shock evolution equation using a grid characteristic method. The algorithm is characterized by the second approximation order. The stable, weakly unstable, irregular and strongly unstable modes of detonation wave propagation are investigated using both approaches. The calculation of the stable mode demonstrates that the developed algorithm for the detonation wave modeling in the shock-attached frame has approximately the second approximation order indeed. The obtained results for the weakly unstable mode are in agreement with the linear theory. The qualitative and quantitative differences between two approaches are marked out. The most differences in results are noticed in the strongly unstable mode.
COMPARE CLOSURE OR NON CLOSURE OF VI SCERAL AND PARIETAL PERITONEUM IN CAESARIAN SECTION

Objective: To compare closure versus non closure of visceral and parietal peritoneum during primary cesarean section regarding early postoperative outcome.Methods:This randomized controlled study was conducted in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ismailia General Hospitals from November 2018 to March 2019. Included 142 pregnant women undergoing caesarean section, who were divided into two groups; Group I (Control) 71 patients with closure of both the visceral and parietal peritoneum (Study) 71 patients with nonclosure of both the visceral and parietal peritoneum. Parameters compared were operative time, postoperative pain degree, distention, fever, regain of intestinal sound, wound infection and duration of hospital stay.Results:Operating time, less postoperative pain score and rapid regain of intestinal motility, less duration of hospital stay, were significantly shorter in non-closure group.Conclusions. non-closure is recommended technique of both visceral and parietal peritoneum in CS because it results in significantly shorter operation time, less postoperative pain score and rapid regain of intestinal motility, less duration of hospital stay.
Vegetative Propagation of Forest Trees

Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) is one of the most prized high value timber species. Industrial teak plantations have in recent times rapidly expanded due to shrinking supplies followed by a total ban on harvesting teak from natural stands. The clonal option offers an attractive means of mass producting superior quality planting stock of this species focusing on phenotypic criteria and wood properties. Protocols for large scale propagation by rooted cuttings and in vitro microcuttings of mature selected teak trees have been developed to meet the shortage of planting material. The respective pros and cons of these two techniques are reviewed in this chapter, emphasizing the comparative advantages of the efficient tissue culture procedure for meeting increasing requirements of fast growing and premium quality teak planting material in the wet tropical regions worldwide.
On the Nature of Zero Realization of Arguments: A Reply to Lee (2011)

Ahn, Hee-Don & Cho, Sungeun. 2012. On the Nature of Zero Realization of Arguments: A Reply to Lee (2011). Linguistic Research 29(1), 1-20. This paper aims to show how well Ahn & Cho’s (2009, 2010, 2011b,c) pro analysis accounts for various interpretations the null argument constructions have. By exploring the cases Lee (2011) points out, we show how far the possible interpretation of pro is stretched. More specifically, our analysis accounts for polarity mismatch examples without postulating additional device like partial feature copying. We further show that our pro analysis is conceptually as well as empirically superior to the DP ellipsis advocated in Lee (2011).
Handbook of plant nutrition

Introduction, Allen V. Barker and David J. Pilbeam Essential Elements-Macronutrients Nitrogen, Allen V. Barker and Gretchen M. Bryson Phosphorus, Charles A. Sanchez Potassium, Konrad Mengel Calcium, David J. Pilbeam and Philip S. Morley Magnesium, Donald J. Merhaut Sulfur, Silvia Haneklaus, Elke Bloem, Ewald Schnug, Luit J. de Kok and Ineke Stulen Essential Elements-Micronutrients Boron, Umesh C. Gupta Chlorine, Joseph R. Heckman Copper, David E. Kopsel and Dean A. Kopsell Iron, Volker Roemheld and Miroslav Nikolic Manganese, Julia M. Humphries, James C.R. Stangoulis, and Robin D. Graham Molybdenum, Russell L. Hamlin Nickel, Patrick H. Brown Zinc, J. Benton Storey Beneficial Elements Aluminum, Susan C. Miyasaka, N.V. Hue, and Michael A. Dunn Cobalt, Geeta Talukder and Archana Sharmaz Selenium, Dean A. Kopsell and David E. Kopsell Silicon, George H. Snyder, Vladimir V. Matichenkov and Lawrence E. Datnoff Sodium, John Gorham Vanadium, David J Pilbeam and K Drihem Conclusion, Allen V. Barker and David J Pilbeam
Why are cloud-radiation interactions so critical for climate modeling ?

The representation of cloud-radiation interactions in lar ge-scale models is known to be challenging and critical for c limate modeling. In this paper, we review a few reasons why it is so cr itical. In particular we discuss the role of cloud-radiativ e effects in the global energy balance and climate sensitivit y, in planetary transports of energy, in the Hadley-Walker c irculation, and in tropical convective organization and intr a-seasonal variability. Then, a few modeling and observati on l approaches are presented, which seem promising to study and to evaluate cloud-radiation interactions in climate model s.
Wattjes Distinct neuromuscular phenotypes in myotonic dystrophy types 1 and 2 A whole body highfield MRI study

Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy in adults. In Germany, Myotonic Dystrophy Type 2 (DM2) may be as common as DM1 [18]. Both disorders are autosomal dominantly inherited and caused by pathogenic repeat mutations [11]. DM1 and DM2 present with distinct but overlapping clinical phenotypes [4, 7, 9, 12]. The pattern of clinical skeletal muscle affection in DM1 usually differs from DM2. However, a profound general weakness may emerge in later stages of both disorders [4, 9]. Musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) JO N 2111 ■ Abstract Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) and 2 (DM2) present with distinct though overlapping clinical phenotypes. Comparative
Scattering of dark-state polaritons in optical lattices and quantum phase gate for photons

We discuss the quasi one-dimensional (1-D) scattering of two counterpropagating, dark-state polaritons (DSPs), each containing a single excitation. DSPs are formed from photons in media with electromagnetically induced transparency and are associated with ultraslow group velocities. State-dependent elastic collisions of atoms at the same lattice site lead to a nonlinear interaction. It is shown that the scattering process in a deep optical lattice filled by cold atoms generates a large and homogeneous conditional phase shift between two individual polaritons. The latter has potential applications for a photonic phase gate. The quasi-1-D scattering problem is solved analytically and the influence of degrading processes such as dephasing due to collisions with ground-state atoms is discussed.
Polymers of metalloporphyrins : Synthesis , characterization and applications

This chapter describes the electropolymerization of porphyrins that provides densely packed layers that facilitate the electron hopping process between macrocycles. Also, cover the different techniques employed to monitor the polymerization process such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, microscopy and an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance.
Mass from a third star: transformations of close compact-object binaries within hierarchical triples

Close-orbit binaries consisting of two compact objects are a centre of attention because of the detection of gravitational-radiation-induced mergers. The creation of close, compact-object binaries involves physical processes that are not yet well understood; there are open questions about the manner in which two compact objects come to be close enough to merge within a Hubble time. Here, we explore an important, and likely common physical process: mass transfer from a third star in a wider, hierarchical orbit. Mass added to the close binary’s components can reduce the time to merger and can even change the nature of an accretor, transforming a white dwarf to a neutron star and/or a neutron star to a black hole. Some accreting WDs in close binaries may even explode as Type Ia supernovae. Given the ubiquity of higher order multiples, the evolutionary channels we lay out may be important pathways to gravitational mergers, including Type Ia supernovae. Fortunately, these pathways also lead to testable predictions.
MICROBIAL HAZARDS ASSESSMENT DURING WHITE CHEESE PRODUCTION IN A TRADITIONAL DAIRY PLANT

Received at: 10/3/2013 Accepted: 30/3/2013 This study has been conducted to determine the microbiological contamination sources during production of white soft cheese in a local dairy plant, in Alexandria city, Egypt. A total of 180 representative samples ( coming raw milk, cheese vat, cheese mould, wooden tables, cheese handler ,water supply, wall, plastic package and white soft cheese) 20 of each. The trials repeated 3 times to ensure the most contaminated points. The highest total mesophilic bacterial count was found in Cheese mould with 9.4×10 6 ± 3.7×10 4 cfu/cm 2 followed by Plastic package with 2.1×10 6 ±3.6×10 4 cfu/ cm 2 . The most contaminated point with coliforms was cheese vat with a mean count of 6.1×10 4 ± 1.11 ×10 3 followed by cheese handler with a mean count of 5.6×10 3 ± 1.8 ×10 2 . The most contaminated point with a total psychrotrophic count was cheese vat with a mean count of 4.5×10 5 ± 6.4×10 4 followed by water supply with a mean count of 3.7 ×10 5 ± 1.9×10 4 . The highest S aureus count was found in cheese handler by 9.4×10 4 ± 5.6×10 3 followed by the wall with a mean count of 8.5×10 3 ± 2.3×10 3 . Enterococci count contaminated wooden table with a mean value of 2.8×10 4 ± 1.3×10 2 followed by water supply with a mean count of 1.3×10 3 ± 4.7×10 2 . The most contaminated point with yeast and mould was cheese mould with a mean count of 5.8×10 3 ± 1.3×10 2 followed by wooden table with a mean count of 3.4×10 3 ±1.6×10 2 . The most contaminated points which affect the microbial quality of white soft cheese during processing were cheese mould followed by wooden table, cheese handler and cheese vat. The application of the hygienic measures for manufacturing of the dairy products greatly improves their quality. The hygienic measures include cooling of the milk, heat treatment, use of clean water, personal hygiene of cheese handler, sterilization of equipment and prevent of post contamination during manufacture. A HACCP – based risk assessment and good manufacturing practice should be employed for all stages of manufacture of soft cheese.
ON FIBRILS AND FIELD LINES: THE NATURE OF Hα FIBRILS IN THE SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE

Observations of the solar chromosphere in the line core of the Hα line show dark elongated structures called fibrils that show swaying motion. We performed a three-dimensional radiation-MHD simulation of a network region and computed synthetic Hα images from this simulation to investigate the relation between fibrils and the magnetic field lines in the chromosphere. The periods, amplitudes, and phase speeds of the simulated fibrils are consistent with observations. We find that some fibrils trace out the same field line along the fibril’s length, while other fibrils sample different field lines at different locations along their length. Fibrils sample the same field lines on a timescale of ∼200 s. This is shorter than their own lifetime. Fibril-threading field lines carry slow-mode waves, as well as transverse waves propagating with the Alfvén speed. Transverse waves propagating in opposite directions cause an interference pattern with complex apparent phase speeds. The relationship between fibrils and field lines is governed by constant migration and swaying of the field lines, their mass loading and draining, and their visibility in Hα. Field lines are visible where they lie close to the optical depth unity surface. The location of the latter is at a height at which the column mass reaches a certain fixed value. The visibility of the field line is thus determined by its own mass density and by the mass density of the material above it. Using the swaying motion of fibrils as a tracer of chromospheric transverse oscillations must be done with caution.
A New Approach to Calorimetry in Space-Based Experiments for High-Energy Cosmic Rays

Precise measurements of the energy spectra and of the composition of cosmic rays in the PeV region could improve our knowledge regarding their origin, acceleration mechanism, propagation, and composition. At the present time, spectral measurements in this region are mainly derived from data collected by ground-based detectors, because of the very low particle rates at these energies. Unfortunately, these results are affected by the high uncertainties typical of indirect measurements, which depend on the complicated modeling of the interaction of the primary particle with the atmosphere. A space experiment dedicated to measurements in this energy region has to achieve a balance between the requirements of lightness and compactness, with that of a large acceptance to cope with the low particle rates. CaloCube is a four-year-old R&D project, approved and financed by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in 2014, aiming to optimize the design of a space-borne calorimeter. The large acceptance needed is obtained by maximizing the number of entrance windows, while thanks to its homogeneity and high segmentation this new detector achieves an excellent energy resolution and an enhanced separation power between hadrons and electrons. In order to optimize detector performances with respect to the total mass of the apparatus, comparative studies on different scintillating materials, different sizes of crystals, and different spacings among them have been performed making use of MonteCarlo simulations. In parallel to simulations studies, several prototypes instrumented with CsI(Tl) (Caesium Iodide, Tallium doped) cubic crystals have been constructed and tested with particle beams. Moreover, the last development of CaloCube, the Tracker-In-Calorimeter (TIC) project, financed by the INFN in 2018, is focused on the feasibility of including several silicon layers at different depths in the calorimeter in order to reconstruct the particle direction. In fact, an important requirement for γ -ray astronomy is to have a good angular resolution in order to allow precise identification of astrophysical sources in space. In respect to the traditional approach of using a tracker with passive material in front of the calorimeter, the TIC solution can save a significant amount of mass budget in a space satellite experiment, which can then be exploited to improve the acceptance and the resolution of the calorimeter. In this paper, the status of the project and perspectives for future developments are presented.
A study on the vertical profile of bacterial DNA structure in the Puruogangri (Tibetan Plateau) ice core using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

Abstract The bacterial DNA structures at different depths in the Puruogangri (Tibetan Plateau) ice core (83.45m) were investigated by the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) DNA fingerprinting technique. DGGE profiles indicated that the bacterial species diversity in glacial ice is high, and indigenous species represented by common bands in all samples may grow on the glacial surface. Bacterial diversity, as estimated by Shannon indices (mean 2.91; SD 0.25; n = 13), was comparable to that of soil habitats and had a positive correlation with Ca2+ concentration (R = 0.71; P< 0.01), a good proxy of dust. This suggested that the soil ecosystem was the main source of bacteria in this glacier. The low similarity indices (0–43%) were found between the ice-core samples, which corresponded to the episodic deposition under defined climatic conditions and low activity of microorganisms in glacial ice. The profiles of bacterial species composition in glacial ice may be a bio-indicator of climatic changes or dating.