Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Field establishment and initial growth of cuttings of three species of Bursera Jacq. ex. L.

Bursera trees are characteristic and dominant elements of many tropical dry forests in Mexico. Therefore, it is important to develop protocols that facilitate the introduction of plants either for plantations or during the ecological restoration of disturbed sites. In this work we evaluated field survival and growth of rooted cuttings of three Bursera species: B. linanoe, B. glabrifolia and B. copallifera, in sites with different soil characteristics. At the onset of the rainy season, thirty rooted cuttings per species/site were planted in each of two disturbed sites; growth was evaluated during this season (four months) by means of a classical growth analysis and by registering height and diameter of cuttings in the field each month. Additionally, survival censuses were carried out during a year. At the end of the rainy season, B. linanoe showed the highest survival (77.5%) and B. copallifera the lowest (42.3%); height and diameter increments were observed only in B. linanoe. In relation to biomass allocation, leaf variables were sensitive to the effect of site quality, while root biomass and root/shoot ratio showed significant increments in all sites. A year after sowing, survival diminished in all species, but the initial species survival pattern was kept. Survival was higher in sites where biomass increment and root development were higher during the growing season, while in those sites where growth was limited survival was also low.
Mortality of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) after exposure to some insecticides; laboratory studies

Eight Insecticides viz. diafenthiuron, buprofezin, thiodicarb, imidacloprid, carbosulfan, methamidophos, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam were tested for their toxicity against predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) through leaf dip bioassay method under laboratory conditions. Insecticides were applied at three levels of concentration i.e., low (C1), recommended (C2), high (C3) in a completely randomized manner. Low (C1) and recommended (C2) concentrations of diafenthiuron and buprofezin were found harmless while high concentration of both insecticides was found slightly harmful after 24 hours exposure. Thiodicarb was harmless at lower concentration (C1) but slightly harmful at recommended (C2) and higher (C3) concentrations. Acetamiprid and thiamethoxam were moderately harmful at lower concentration (C1) whereas were toxic at recommended and higher concentrations. All insecticides, at all concentrations were found toxic after 48 hours except buprofezin and thiodicarb. Pupation rates were lowest (0.00 %) in the acetamiprid and highest (71.7 %) in the buprofezin treatment
Distribution of xylosyltransferases and glucuronyltransferase within the Golgi apparatus in etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L.) epicotyls

Membranes from etiolated pea epicotyls were fractionated by discontinuous sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation into endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane. The Golgi apparatus was further fractionated on a shallow, continuous sucrose density gradient into Golgi subtractions of low, medium and high density. Xylosyl- and glucuronyltransferases were both found to be concentrated in the Golgi apparatus. The glucuronyltransferase was concentrated in the low-density Golgi membranes, but xylosyltransferases were found in all three Golgi subfractions. The multiple location of xylosyltransferases within the Golgi was found in both younger and older regions of the epicotyl, and xylan was the major product of the xylosyltransferase in the low- and medium-density subfractions. In the presence of UDPglucose, xylose was also incorporated into xyloglucan, but this activity was concentrated in the highdensity Golgi membranes.
Microzooplankton herbivory and bacterivory in Newfoundland coastal waters during spring, summer and winter

Grazing by microzooplankton on autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton as well as >0.7 μm phytoplankton (as measured by chlorophyll a) was quantified during July, August, October, January and April in the surface layer of Logy Bay, Newfoundland (47°389140N, 52°399360W). Rates of growth and grazing mortality of bacteria, Synechococcus and >0.7 μm phytoplankton were measured using the sea water dilution technique. Microzooplankton ingested 83–184, 96–366 and 64–118% of bacterial, Synechococcus and >0.7 μm phytoplankton daily potential production, respectively and 34–111, 25–30 and 16–131% of bacterial, Synechococcus and >0.7 μm phytoplankton standing stocks, respectively. The trends in prey net growth rates followed the seasonal cycles of prey biomass, suggesting that microzooplankton are important grazers in Newfoundland coastal waters. Ingestion was lowest during January and October (~2 μg C l–1 day–1) and highest in August (~20 μg C l–1 day–1). Aside from April when >0.7 μm phytoplankton represented the majority (~80%) of carbon ingested, bacterioplankton and <1 μm phytoplankton represented most of the carbon ingested (~40–100%). Although microzooplankton have here-to-fore been unrecognized as an important grazer population in Newfoundland coastal waters, these results suggest that they play an important role in carbon flow within the pelagic food web, even at low temperatures in Logy Bay.
Wheat stripe rust control using fungicides in New Zealand

a field trial in 2005 used eight fungicide treatments and two wheat cultivars, Karamu and Kohika, differing in susceptibility to wheat stripe rust. Fungicides were applied at different growth stages of the crop and different levels of stripe rust. Disease severity assessments, percent leaf area infected for individual plants and leaves, were made at regular intervals and area under the disease progress curve (auDPC) was calculated. Mean auDPC was lowest in the Full, Protectant and Late window treatments for all leaves on both cultivars and greatest in the nil plots for both cultivars. Mean auDPC generally increased with leaf age for Kohika, so that flag (F) leaves had the lowest and F-3 the greatest mean auDPC. the same trend occurred on Karamu leaves, but was not statistically significant. two well-timed fungicide applications achieved as good control of stripe rust in both Karamu and Kohika as the full fungicide treatment.
First Evidence that Hatchlings of Chelonia mydas Emit Sounds

Hatchling green turtles (Chelonia mydas) were recorded emitting sounds at Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean, on 19 May 1978. Analysis revealed that the 70 sounds recorded could be separated into four sound categories. The sounds were complex and characteristic of a contact call, and were similar to those recently reported in other species of aquatic turtles. The relationship between the structure and frequency of the sounds and levels of predation on turtle eggs and hatchlings, especially by ghost crabs (Ocypode spp.), warrants further study.
Performance of gladiolus genotypes for cut flower and corm production under high altitude of Uttarakhand

An experiment was carried out during summer season of 2006–2008 at the experimental farm of CITH-RS, Mukteshwar (Uttarakhand) to evaluate the performance of 37 gladiolus cultivars for cut flower and corm production. The vegetative, flowering and corm and cormel characters showed significant differences among the cultivars under study. Cultivar Chantiler gave maximum plant height (147.33 cm), leaf length (60.00 cm) and leaf breadth (3.06 cm) while cultivar Novalux (62.33 and 69.33 days), Super Star (66.00and 73.67 days) and Red Beauty(69.00 and 76.33 days), Pusa Gunjan (70.33 and 77 days) and Pusa Shabnam (70.67 and 77.67 days) were found earliest for spike initiation and first floret showing colour, respectively. The longest spike was recorded in Pusa Jyotsana (88.67 cm), Novalux (88.33 cm), High Style (88.33 cm), Chantiler (86.33 cm), Pusa Dhanvantari (81.67 cm), Pusa Shabnam (80.33 cm), Summer Rose (83.33 cm) and Pusa Archana (83.33 cm) while the longest rachis was recorded in Chantiler (63.00 cm). Cultivar Pusa Jyotsana and Pusa Swarnima recorded maximum number of florets/spike (20.33). Significantly maximum corm equatorial diameter (6.14 cm), corm polar diameter (2.65 cm), corm weight (55.51g) and propagation co-efficient (330.90%) were observed in Legend and Chantiler. Looking into the performance of different cultivars, Pusa Jyotsana, Chantiler, Summer Rose, Pusa Shabnam, Novalux, High Style, Red Beauty and Snow Princess can be recommended for commercial cut flower production under higher hills of Uttarakhand while Chantiler, Legend and Sylvia could be taken up for quality corm and cormel production.
Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. (Poaceae) caryopsis dormancy and germination responses to scarification, hydrogen peroxide and phytohormones.

1 Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Catolica Argentina. Cap. Gral. Ramon Freire 183. Buenos Aires, Argentina. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Ruta 4 Km. 2, 1836 Llavallol, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E-mail robertohuarte@uca.edu.ar) 2 Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Ruta 4 Km. 2, 1836 Llavallol, Buenos Aires, Argentina and Instituto Fitotecnico de Santa Catalina, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Garibaldi 3400, C.C. 4, 1836 Llavallol, Buenos Aires, Republica Argentina
Cover cropping and establishment of lucerne‐based pastures in a semi‐arid zone, mixed‐farming system of uniform rainfall distribution

Research to study the effect of cover crop sowing rate, row spacing and cultivar on establishment of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)-based pastures in a semi-arid zone mixed-farming system was undertaken at three sites over three consecutive years in south-eastern Australia. The weather of these 3 years subjected the establishing swards to a vastly differing range of moisture conditions. Conditions were so dry in the first year that lucerne swards failed to establish although it appeared at an early stage that there were advantages when lucerne was sown as a pure sward. By contrast, in the 2nd and 3rd years, moisture conditions at two of the three sites were so favourable that satisfactory densities were attained in all treatments. Lucerne forage yield was a more sensitive parameter than density to establishment method as it illustrated trial treatment effects during these wetter years when lucerne density alone could not. Thus, greater lucerne forage yields in the first summer after cover crop harvest under pure-sward establishment in comparison with establishment under a cover crop were seen at both Ardlethan and Barellan over both the 2nd and 3rd years of trials. Furthermore, the trial at Goolgowi in year 3 showed that when moisture was moderately limiting lucerne establishment, and yield is benefitted by sowing under a short, erect barley cultivar than under a taller and more spreading barley variety. This research highlights the greater lucerne forage production attained when lucerne is sown either as a pure sward or under cover crops with low levels of biomass.
Identification of CD25+ γδ T Cells As Fetal Thymus-Derived Naturally Occurring IL-17 Producers1

We previously reported that resident γδ T cells in the peritoneal cavity rapidly produced IL-17 in response to Escherichia coli infection to mobilize neutrophils. We found in this study that the IL-17-producing γδ T cells did not produce IFN-γ or IL-4, similar to Th17 cells. IL-17-producing γδ T cells specifically express CD25 but not CD122, whereas CD122+ γδ T cells produced IFN-γ. IL-17-producing γδ T cells were decreased but still present in IL-2- or CD25-deficient mice, suggesting a role of IL-2 for their maintenance. IFN-γ-producing CD122+ γδ T cells were selectively decreased in IL-15-deficient mice. Surprisingly, IL-17-producing γδ T cells were already detected in the thymus, although CD25 was not expressed on the intrathymic IL-17-producing γδ T cells. The number of thymic IL-17-producing γδ T cells was peaked at perinatal period and decreased thereafter, coincided with the developmental kinetics of Vγ6+Vδ1+ γδ T cells. The number of IL-17-producing γδ T cells was decreased in fetal thymus of Vδ1-deficient mice, whereas Vγ5+ fetal thymocytes in normal mice did not produce IL-17. Thus, it was revealed that the fetal thymus-derived Vγ6+Vδ1+ T cells functionally differentiate to produce IL-17 within thymus and thereafter express CD25 to be maintained in the periphery.
Interaction of Soy Protein Isolate and Meat Protein in a Model Emulsion System. Effect of Emulsification Order and Characteristics of Soy Isolate Used

The compatibility of soy proteins with meat protein (MP) in an emulsion system was examined. Three types of soy protein were employed: a commercial soy isolate (CSPI) and two pilot plant samples, an acid treated (ASPI) and a native soy isolate (NSPI). The incorporation of different isolates and the emulsification order affect in a different way the coalescence stability of emulsions prepared with meat proteins. Physicochemical characteristics (surface hydrophobicity, sulfhydryl content, solubility) of the soy proteins cannot explain the different behaviours towards emulsion stability, although the more native sample (NSPI) performed better than the more denature samples (ASPI or CSPI). The addition of NSPI did not modify the high coalescence stability of meat protein emulsion and the effect of the emulsification order was not significant (p 0.05), which suggested compatibility between both proteins. However, the addition of ASPI or CSPI impaired the emulsion stability. When ASPI was emulsified before MP, ASPI inhibited meat protein adsorption and emulsion became highly stable; while when MP was emulsified before or together with ASPI, meat proteins could be displaced from the interfacial film by the ASPI and the emulsion stability was deteriorated. As regards CSPI, all emulsions were highly unstable to coalescence although fractions of both proteins were found in the interfacial film. It could be suggested a mechanism of competitive adsorption when MP is emulsified together with ASPI or CSPI. (
Biometric properties of the sand smelt Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 from the Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea)

In this study was investigated some biometric properties of the sand smelt, Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810, population in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea). Minimum and maximum total lengths of 596 sample collected from Izmir Bay between December 2002 and October 2003 were deter-mined as 43 and 97 mm, respectively. The total length (TL)-weight (W) relationship was com-puted as W=0.000003*L3.196 (r2=0.932, n=596). The length frequency and thirteen morphomet-ric characters were examined for samples. As a result of regression analysis, individuals of sand smelt were shown positive allometric growth in the research area 3.196± [0.064
Aggregative structure is the rule in communities of fleas: null model analysis

We used null models to examine patterns of species co-occurrences in 59 communities of fleas parasitic on small mammals from 4 biogeographic realms (Afrotropics, Nearctic, Neotropics, and Palaearctic). We compared frequencies of co-occurrences of flea species across host species with those expected by chance, using a null model approach. We used 4 tests for non-randomness to identify pairs of species (within a community) that demonstrate significant positive or negative co-occurrence. The majority of flea communities were non-randomly assembled. Patterns of flea co-occurrences on the same host species indicated aggregation but not segregation of flea species (except for the flea community of Madagascar). Although only a small fraction of species pairs were associated significantly (264 of 10, 943 species pairs according to the most liberal criterion), most of these associations were positive (except for 2 negatively associated species pairs). Significantly associated pairs were represented mainly by non-congeneric species. The degree of non-randomness of the entire flea community was similar among biogeographic regions, but the strength of pair-wise association varied geographically, being the highest in the Afrotropics and the lowest in the European region of the Palaearctic.
Dopaminergic modulation of long‐lasting direct current‐induced cortical excitability changes in the human motor cortex

Dopaminergic mechanisms participate in N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor‐dependent neuroplasticity, as animal experiments have shown. This may be similar in humans, where dopamine influences learning and memory. We tested the role of dopamine in human cortical neuroplasticity. Changes of excitability were induced by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). D2 receptor blocking by sulpiride abolished the induction of after‐effects nearly completely. D1 activation alone in the presence of D2 receptor blocking induced by co‐administration of sulpiride and pergolide did not re‐establish the excitability changes induced by tDCS. This suggests that D2 receptors play a major supporting role in inducing neuroplasticity in the human motor cortex. Enhancement of D2 and, to a lesser degree, D1 receptors by pergolide consolidated tDCS‐generated excitability diminution until the morning after stimulation. The readiest explanation for this pattern of results is that D2 receptor activation has a consolidation‐enhancing effect on tDCS‐induced changes of excitability in the human cortex. The results of this study underscore the importance of the dopaminergic system for human neuroplasticity, suggest a first pharmacological add‐on mechanism to prolong the excitability‐diminishing effects of cathodal tDCS for up to 24 h after stimulation, and thus render the application of tDCS practicable in diseases displaying enhanced cortical excitability, e.g. migraine and epilepsy.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology Studies of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus paracasei sp. nov., subsp. paracasei and subsp. tolerans, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus sp. nov., comb. nov.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA hybridizations were performed on strains of Lactobacillus casei. Our results indicate that this species as presently constituted is genomically very heterogeneous. The majority of strains designated L. casei subsp. casei, together with members of L. casei subsp. alactosus, L. casei subsp. pseudoplantarum, and L. casei subsp. tolerans, exhibited high levels of DNA relatedness with each other but were distinct from the type strain of L. casei subsp. casei. Strains of L. casei subsp. rhamnosus also formed a genomically homogeneous group unrelated to all members of the other L. casei subspecies examined. On the basis of the present and previous findings we suggest that members of L. casei subsp. alactosus, L. casei subsp. pseudoplantarum, and L. casei subsp. tolerans and the majority of L. casei subsp. casei strains be given separate species status, for which we propose the names L. paracasei sp. nov., L. paracasei subsp. paracasei (type strain, NCDO 151), and L. paracasei subsp. tolerans (type strain ATCC 25599). We also propose that L. casei subsp. rhamnosus be elevated to species status, as L. rhamnosus sp. nov. (type strain, ATCC 7469).
First inland records of the euryhaline goby Knipowitschia caucasica from lakes in Anatolia, Turkey

Knipowitschia caucasica, a euryhaline Ponto-Caspian-Aegean gobiid fish, is recorded for the first time from Lakes Egirdir, Eber and Demirkopru (Anatolia). Its presence in these lakes is probably due to involuntary introduction with common carp from hatcheries in the Edirne-Ipsala region, Thrace, the European part of Turkey.
The impact of cattle farming best management practices on surface water nutrient concentrations, faecal bacteria and algal dominance in the Lake Oconee watershed

The objective of this study was to assess water quality in the Lake Oconee watershed and evaluate the best management practices used by cattle farms to reduce water contamination. Inorganic nutrient concentrations, algal abundance and faecal bacteria were highest in the cattle farming areas. The diatom community where cattle had no access was dominated by Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki and Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton, and in sites where cattle were allowed direct access to the lake, Asterionella formosa Hassal, Nitzschia palea (Kützing) Smith and Navicula rostellata Kützing dominated. The latter three taxa are well‐known high‐nutrient diatoms. High populations of green algae (coccoid Desmidiaceae) were found where cattle had access. Sources of faecal pollution were identified using polymerase chain reaction detection, with Bifidobacterium adolescentis as a marker of human faecal pollution and Bacteroides (BoBac) indicating cattle faecal pollution. Overall, riparian buffers were most effective at reducing pollution from cattle operations.
Contrôle optimal, apprentissage statistique et modélisation du carnet d'ordres

L'objectif principal de cette these est de comprendre les interactions entre les agents financiers et le carnet d'ordres. Elle se compose de six chapitres inter-connectes qui peuvent toutefois etre lus independamment.Nous considerons dans le premier chapitre le probleme de controle d'un agent cherchant a prendre en compte la liquidite disponible dans le carnet d'ordres afin d'optimiser le placement d'un ordre unitaire. Notre strategie permet de reduire le risque de selection adverse. Neanmoins, la valeur ajoutee de cette approche est affaiblie en presence de temps de latence: predire les mouvements futurs des prix est peu utile si le temps de reaction des agents est lent.Dans le chapitre suivant, nous etendons notre etude a un probleme d'execution plus general ou les agents traitent des quantites non unitaires afin de limiter leur impact sur le prix. Notre tactique permet d'obtenir de meilleurs resultats que les strategies d'execution classiques.Dans le troisieme chapitre, on s'inspire de l'approche precedente pour resoudre cette fois des problemes de market making plutot que des problemes d'execution. Ceci nous permet de proposer des strategies pertinentes compatibles avec les actions typiques des market makers. Ensuite, nous modelisons les comportements des traders haute frequence directionnels et des brokers institutionnels dans le but de simuler un marche ou nos trois types d'agents interagissent de maniere optimale les uns avec les autres.Nous proposons dans le quatrieme chapitre un modele d'agents ou la dynamique des flux depend non seulement de l'etat du carnet d'ordres mais aussi de l'historique du marche. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons des generalisations des processus de Hawkes non lineaires. Dans ce cadre, nous sommes en mesure de calculer en fonction de flux individuels plusieurs indicateurs pertinents. Il est notamment possible de classer les market makers en fonction de leur contribution a la volatilite.Pour resoudre les problemes de controle souleves dans la premiere partie de la these, nous avons developpe des schemas numeriques. Une telle approche est possible lorsque la dynamique du modele est connue. Lorsque l'environnement est inconnu, on utilise generalement les algorithmes iteratifs stochastiques. Dans le cinquieme chapitre, nous proposons une methode permettant d'accelerer la convergence de tels algorithmes.Les approches considerees dans les chapitres precedents sont adaptees pour des marches liquides utilisant le mecanisme du carnet d'ordres. Cependant, cette methodologie n'est plus necessairement pertinente pour des marches regis par des regles de fonctionnement specifiques. Pour repondre a cette problematique, nous proposons, dans un premier temps, d'etudier le comportement des prix sur le marche tres particulier de l'electricite.