Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microscopic Image Segmentation Using Fuzzy C Means For Leukemia Diagnosis

: Leukemias are cancers of the blood-forming tissues. White blood cells may be produced in excessive amounts and are unable to work properly which weakens the immune system. Careful microscopic examination of blood smear or bone marrow aspirate is the only way to effective diagnosis of leukemia. The need for automation of leukemia detection arises since the above specific tests are time consuming and costly. Morphological analysis of blood slides are influenced by factors such as hematologists experience and tiredness, resulting in non standardized reports. A low cost and efficient solution is to use image analysis for quantitative examination of stained blood microscopic images for leukemia detection. In this paper, Fuzzy c means is compared with k means for image segmentation, in which Fuzzy c means gives higher accuracy than k means, Gabor Texture Extraction method is used to extract color features from images and finally extracted features are used for classification. Fuzzy c means gives 90% accuracy whereas k means gives 83% accuracy. Support Vector Machine is used for classification. The whole work has been developed using MATLAB 7 environment.
Evaluation of Bone Resorption Markers in Leprosy

Background: Leprosy is among the world’s oldest and most dreaded diseases and it has been synonymous with stigma and discrimination due to the hideous deformities it produced. Bone involvement in leprosy is one of the causes of deformity and disability. There are conflicting results on association of bone resorption (BP) in various forms of leprosy. Hence the aim of the study was to evaluate bone resorption markers in leprosy patients and to compare with healthy controls and to find out whether these findings were related to various forms of leprosy, its duration and bacterial load. Methods: Seventy newly diagnosed, untreated leprosy patients were selected as cases and compared with sixty age and sex matched healthy controls. Bone resorption was studied by measuring fasting urinary calcium / creatinine level. Bone resorption may be associated with new bone formation. So, Serum Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was estimated as a marker of bone formation. Results: There was a significant increase in the serum ALP activity in cases when compared to controls and it was associated with increased duration, bacterial load and multibacillary type of leprosy. There was a significant increase in the level of Urinary calcium/creatinine in cases when compared to controls and it was not associated with disease parameters. Conclusion: Our data supports that there is an increased bone resorption in leprosy. Therapy aimed at reducing bone loss may benefit leprosy patients with high bone turnover. Author Affiliations: 1 Department of Biochemistry, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College & Hospital, Perambalur. 2 Department of Biochemistry, Nalla Malla Reddy Women`s Medical College, Hyderabad. 3 Department of Biochemistry, Akash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore.
Tuberculous Empyema Thoracis: Clinical, Bacteriological Features, and Its Medical Management

Background: Tuberculous (TB) empyema is a chronic infection of pleural space which carries a signifi cant morbidity and mortality. Aims: The aim of this study was to observe clinical, radiological, bacteriological features, and the outcomes obtained by the medical management of TB empyema. Methodology: A retrospective case analysis of all the adult patients admitted with TB empyema was performed. Results: Records of 100 patients with TB empyema showed that Cough, expectoration, and chest pain were present in 96%, 94%, and 64% patients, respectively. Direct smear of Pus and sputum showed acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in 57 and 46 patients, respectively, whereas 32 patients had smear positivity for both. Mycobacterial culture of pus was positive in 32/100 patients. The chest radiographs had moderate and far advanced parenchymal lesions in 37 patients each. The median duration of hospital stay was 57 (41-97) days. Eight patients were managed using closed needle aspiration, whereas in others intercostals drainage tube was inserted. About 47 patients were discharged after removal of the intercostal tube (ICD) tube, whereas 36 patients had residual empyema space, so was discharged with an open drainage tube. Eight patients died and four left the treatment against advice and 5 were referred for thoracic surgery. Conclusion: Confi rmation of diagnosis by presence of mycobacteria in pus and sputum sample and draining of empyema cavity using ICD tube or closed needle aspiration along with effective anti-tubercular drugs results in healing, and many patients may not requires surgery.
Comparison study of egg morphology, component and chemical composition of Mallard duck and domestic Peking duck

A total of 120 eggs of Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and 120 eggs of Peking duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestica) freshly laid were collected from five different traditional poultry marketing in Baghdad city during the period from January 15 to December 20 of 2015, to determined egg morphology characteristics included egg shape, dimensions, weight, volume, specific gravity, egg components percentages and chemical composition which included protein, lipids and ash percentages. Results revealed that significant differences (P<0.05) were appeared in egg morphology characteristics, components percentages and some chemical composition values due to duck strain. Egg breadth and length, weight, volume values were high in Peking duck eggs compared with Mallard duck eggs, whereas shape index and specific gravity values were significantly (P<0.05) high in Mallard duck eggs. Results also revealed that protein and lipid percentages were high inMallard duck eggs compared with Pecking duck eggs, in the same time no statistical differenceswere appeared in egg in ash percentages.
Exercise Capacity and Survival after Liver Transplant in Cirrhotic Patients with Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

Introduction: Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a complication associated with cirrhosis which may contribute to the worsening of exercise capacity and poor survival after liver transplant (LTx). The aim of this study was to compare survival 2 years after LTx between cirrhotic patients diagnosed with HPS and cirrhotic patients without HPS, and identify independent predictors for this outcome. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort of four years, consisting of 178 patients (92 with and 86 without SHP) diagnosed with cirrhosis and potential candidates to LTx. All patients underwent a preliminary assessment made by the six-minute walk test (6MWT), ergometric test and manovacuometry. For the statistical analysis we used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student’s t test, the linear association square test, the Kaplan Meier survival curves and Cox regression. Results: Patients with cirrhosis without HPS diagnosis had higher survival in a period of 2 years after transplantation(p = 0.01). There was a 17% higher survival rate with increasing distance in the 6MWT (HR = 0.83, CI95% = 0.73-0.94, p = 0.003), as well as improved oxygen consumption peak (VO2peak) increased by 30% survival (HR = 0.70, CI95% = 0.57 0.82, p = 0.001) and a higher maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) increased by 15% survival (HR = 0.85, IC95% = 0.75-0.92, p = 0.002). Conclusion: Patients with cirrhosis without HPS diagnosis have a higher survival within 2 years after LTx. The HPS, 6MWT, VO2peak and MIP were considered independent predictors for this outcome.
Optical Braille Recognition Based on Histogram of Oriented Gradient Features and Support-Vector Machine

: In this paper, Braille character recognition in an image of a single side Braille document based on support vector machine (SVM) with Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) as the feature extraction method is discussed. The developed system consists of two main stages, such as Braille character segmentation based on image processing techniques and Braille character recognition using SVM with HOG feature extraction method. The identified Braille characters can be translated to Sinhala language. In addition to that the developed system capable of identifying and translate to Grade 1 English braille characters and some of Grade 2 English Braille characters. The optical Braille character translating system was developed in MATLAB environment and it has proved more than 80% accuracy in most cases for translating Braille characters to either Sinhala or English.
Image Encryption Based on Pixel Shuffling and Random Key Stream

— Secured data storage and transmission has become an important issue in the digital world due to the increased use of Internet for communication purposes. Information security is becoming more important as the amount of sensitive data being exchanged on the Internet increases. The services like confidentiality and data integrity are required to protect data against unauthorized usage and modification. In recent years, several image encryption methods are introduced by various researchers to secure multimedia information while transit via public networks. A novel image encryption method based on pixels position permutation and random key stream is suggested in this paper. The pixels position permutation is done based on Hilbert Curve (HC). The pixel shuffled image is XORed with random key stream constructed by adopting the random bit pattern procedure used in the MD5 hash function to obtain the cipher image. The results confirm that the proposed method resists the statistical and differential attacks. Also attains acceptable entropy value, good key sensibility and secure against additive noise and cropping attacks.
A Comparison of Anxiety, Depression and Life Events between Suicidal Ideators and Suicide Attempters

To thwart the suicidal behavior, it is crucial to understand the psychopathology and negative life events associated with suicidal ideators and suicide attempters. The present study aimed to compare anxiety, depression and life events between suicidal ideators and attempters. This was a cross sectional hospital based research conducted at the Department of Psychiatry, in SRM Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu and purposive sampling method was used. The sample consists of 30 suicidal ideators and 30 suicide attempters diagnosed as per ICD-10 fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subsequently, Modified Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Social Readjustment Rating Scale were administered to both the groups. The analysis included descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U test and Spearman Rank Order Correlation using SPSS version 16.0. Results showed that Anxiety was significantly higher in Suicidal ideators than in attempters. Furthermore, we found that there was a strong positive correlation between Anxiety and Depression in Suicide Attempters. Similarly, there was a significant positive correlation between Life Events and Depression in Suicide Attempters. The current study also observed a positive correlation between Anxiety and Life Events in Suicidal ideators.
Psychosocial Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life among Diabetes Patient 1 and 2

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease with increase morbidity and mortality. It could be associated with significant adverse outcomes including poor health related quality of life. In Sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria has a large share of the morbidity and mortality of DM of which larger percentage of the population (both DM 1 and 2) remain undiagnosed. Several psychosocial factors have been found to be associated with better health related quality of life among Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients; however there is a dearth of local research work on the psychosocial predictors of health related quality of life among this group of persons. This study examined the psychosocial (emotional distress, self-efficacy, perceived social support and self-management) of health related quality of life among type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus patient in Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. An exposfacto design was utilized among a total of 85 adult patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. The study utilized the purposive sampling technique. A questionnaire focusing on medical and socio-demographic profile, emotional distress (r=0.91), self-efficacy (r=0.93), perceived social support (r=0.63), self-management (r=0.63) and health related quality of life (r=0.35) was administered to the participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, ttest and regression analysis at 0.05 levels of significance. Three hypotheses were tested. The results revealed that emotional distress, self-efficacy, perceived social support and self-management jointly predicted health related quality of life (R2=0.24; F=6.34; p<0.01). Demographic and medical factors revealed a joint prediction on health related quality of life (R2=0.19; F=2.23; p<0.05). Also, the result also revealed type 2 DM patient had a better health related quality of life than their counterpart (t= -2.00; df=83; p<0.05). Emotional distress and selfefficacy positively correlated with health related quality of life of respondents. Hence, Psychologist and other medical practitioners should utilize this resource by advocating for an improvement of self-efficacy in management plans of DM patients to enhance their health related quality of life.
CLINICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CLEFT LIP AND PALATE IN SOUTH INDIA: A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY

Cleft lip and palate is the one of the most common visible congenital deformities. Approximately 30% of oral clefts are syndromic and are associated with some anomalies. Global surveys have shown that the frequency of cleft lip and palate varies greatly from country to country. The present study analysed demographic and associated anomalies in children attending the high volume Smile Train center in South India. Two thousand and five children were examined in outpatient department by plastic surgeon and also screened by a pediatrician for associated anomalies and syndromes. Detailed family history and personal history were collected by the nurse coordinator. The collected data was analysed using SPSS software. In the present study cleft lip with cleft palate (CLP) was more frequent (58%) than cleft lip only (CL) (17%) and isolated cleft palate (CPO) (25%) The CLP and CL were more common in males and CPO was more common in females. Parents of 30.47% cases had the consanguineous marriage and 23% showed positive family history of clefts. Only 1.35% of oral clefts are associated with various syndromes, but 14.01% oral clefts were associated with malformations in several other organs. The results of the present study provide demographic details of the cleft children in the South India.
Quantification of Transcriptional Noise at Single Cell Single Molecule Level

The stochastic gene expression leads to the substantial cell-to-cell variability. The resulting sub-populations differ by mRNA number per cell. With the aim of measuring the stochastic gene expression at transcription, we use MS2-GFP method for detecting mRNA number per single cell. The mRNA molecules are expressed under the control of lac promoter. The lac variant promoter is used for the independent validation of the lac promoter activity. In the fully induced cells, the cell-to-cell variability is determined by higher extrinsic than intrinsic noise component. Both of the noise components decrease over the phases. Evaluation of such behavior by the degree of population synchrony reveals that totally asynchronous cellular division is responsible for high extrinsic component and for decreasing of both noise components during the bacterial cell phases. In addition, the cell-to-cell variability is determined more by the downstream than the upstream gene activation condition. These findings provide a qualitative basis for developing in silico model in which the noise dynamics is tightly controlled during the cell divisions in a heterogeneous population.
ETHNOBOTANICAL, PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL, EXTRACTION ASSESSMENT STUDY OF GURMAR BUTI LEAVES (Gymnema sylvestre R.Br.) AND THEIR IMMENSE TRADITIONAL THERAPEUTIC VALUES

A comparative assessment studies were undertaken to standardize the Preliminary Phytochemical extractive yield obtained and physicochemical characteristics of the Unani single drug Gurmar Booti (Gymnema sylvestre R.Br.) Fam. -Ascliepiadaceae. used in India since the sixth century BC to provide human healthcare support in Ayurvedic and Unani, ASU. & ISM. as a traditional folk medicine, It has been reported ,investigated in various ethenobotenicals surveys, and also the immense treatment of Prameha or Madhumeha, Ziabetus (Diabetes Mellitus type-2),Blood Glucose Level, Lipid Profile, obesity & metabolic disorder. Three samples of crude drugs were procure from raw drug national vendors of Delhi, Hyderabad and CRIUM. , Herbal garden, Hyderabad region by employing Preliminary Phytochemical, extractive & physicochemical standard methods. The QC. & QA. Parameters were carried out as per WHO. and AOAC. , IPC. guideline to assess the quality & comparative screening of drug samples. The physicochemical data showed that the drug samples contained soluble extract in water as WSEM. (26.43%, 26.57%,26.73%),WSSEM-(31.01%,31.43%,35.13%) and in alcohol as ASEM(12.75%,12.94%,12.98%),ASSEM-(15.65%,18.43%,21.41%),in hydroalcoholic as HASEM. -(39.13%,39.50%,39.66%),HASSE M. -(46.93%,51.37%,53.49%). The obtained research review data’s of Ethnobotanical, Preliminary Phytochemical screening, Europea ournal of Biomedic l AND Pharmaceutical sciences http://www.ejbps. com ISSN 2349-8870 Volume: 2 Issue: 4 275-294 Year: 2015 Research Article ejbps, 2015, Volume 2, Issue 4,275-294. SJIF Impact Factor 2.062 *Correspondence for Author Pawan Kumar Sagar R.O. (Chemistry), DSRU. Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine. (CCRUM., AYUSH.) Hyderabad. -38, T.S. , India.
A Study of Variations in Sacral Hiatus and Its Clinical Significance

The variations of sacral hiatus in dry bone are important as it determines access of sacral hiatus for caudal epidural anesthesia and analgesia. So the present study was conducted on 44 adult dry sacra in department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences,Bhubaneshwar,Odisha,India with the aim to find out the anatomical variations of sacral hiatus(SH) including shape, length, anteroposterior (A-P) diameter at apex and transverse width at base , distance from apex of sacral hiatus to foramina of S2 vertebra and the equilateral triangle formed between the apex of sacral hiatus and the two superolateral sacral crest. Most commonly found shape of sacral hiatus in this study was inverted U/V shape. The most common composition of sacrum in our study was 5 segments in 34 (77.27%) followed by 6 segments having sacralisation in 7(15.91%) and coccyx ankylosis in 3(6.82%). The sacral index in males was 92.42±8.20 and in females 118.81±3.77, which was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Most common position of apex and base of sacral hiatus was at the level of 4and 5 sacral vertebra respectively. The mean length, width and AP diameter at the apex of sacral hiatus were20.42±8.75, 12.31±2.87 and4.89±1.25mmrespectively. It can be concluded that anatomical variations in sacral hiatus are cause of caudal epidural anesthesia failure and procedure related complications. Understanding these variations may improve success of caudal epidural anesthesia and decrease incidence of complications. So this study will be useful to increase success rate of epidural anesthesia.
VULVO-VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS: PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS AMONGST ANTENATAL ATTENDEES AT A TERTIARY HEALTH-CARE FACILITY IN JALINGO, TARABA STATE, NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA

Background: Vulvo-vaginal candidiasis (VVC) continues to be a disease of global burden that affects all strata of society. Yeast cells belonging to the genera Candida are responsible for VVC with C. albicans being the most recovered specie. Objective: To evaluate prevalence and risk factors associated with VVC among pregnant women. Materials and methods: 90 pregnant women within the ages of 15-39 years attending Taraba state specialist hospital were evaluated for VVC using saline mount microscopy, Gram-stained smear microscopy and culture. Information on socio-demographic and clinical features was obtained using a structured interviewer’s questionnaire. Result: 20% prevalence (18 out of 90) was recorded. Varying prevalence per character was obtained but all lacked statistical significance. Conclusion: A prevalence of 20% for VVC recorded in this study is considerably high. Maternal and neonatal well being is of paramount importance. Thus, medical, social and educational interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence and its consequent effects are highly recommended.
Production of vinegar from pineapple peels using Acetobacter species isolated from soil sample and its antibacterial activity

Available online on http://www.ijlsci. in ISSN: 2320-964X (Online) ISSN: 2320-7817 (Print) Fruit waste has become one of the main sources of municipal solid wastes, which have been an increasingly tough environmental issue. Vinegar is very important food preservative in food industry. The vinegar can be obtained various raw materials such as various fruits and fruit peels. The present study investigates production of vinegar from pineapple peels using Acetobacter species isolated from soil sample and its antibacterial activity. Acetobacter spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated from soil samples. Identification was done by performing morphological, biochemical and cultural characteristics of bacteria and fungi. Firstly, wine was produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, confirmed by performing CO2 production and Iodoform test. The wine produced was now inoculated with Acetobacter spp. and it is incubated for 11 days for aerobic fermentation at 370C it was calculated that 4.60% of vinegar was produced. The antibacterial activity of vinegar was tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella paratyphi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results of antibacterial activity of vinegar against Escherichia coli 16mm, Staphylococcus aureus 20mm, Salmonella paratyphi -19mm and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 19mm. Subsequent upon this research, materials like pineapple peel considered generally as waste can be bio converted into important value-added materials thus aiding environmental safety.
Efficacy of Pyrethroid Impregnated Bed-nets on Malaria Transmission in Eastern Sudan

The effects of impregnated bednets in the mosquitos’ density and malaria morbidity has been evaluated in area with heterogeneity of malaria vectors and parasites in Tabaldia and Batta villages Eastern Sudan; The density of An. arabiensis, An. funestus and An. rufipes species collected from study area showed significant variation in their numbers (χ2 (P) = 150.98 (<0.001) for Tabaldia; 164.627 (<0.001) for Batta and 310.471 (<0.001) for the total of different Anopheles mosquitoes collected from both study villages. The impact of the impregnated bednets in the density of the two malaria vectors An. arabiensis and An. funestus and their sporozoite infection rates also highly significant different (P< 0.001) between intervention(Tabaldia) and nonintervention (Batta) villages. The prevalence of malaria in the area was estimated as (8.7%, 7.6%) for Tabaldia and (14.7%, 12.6%) for Batta village at the first and second phases of the study respectively. The main predominate malaria parasite in the area was P. falciparum (98.7%), where P. vivax and P. malariae were detected with an equal rates (0.65%). Also the efficacy of impregnated bednets in the age groups within and between two villages showed significant difference mainly in the ages ranged in 6-15 years old and clear reduction observed in age 16-30 years. Index Terms Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles funestus, Malaria, Impregnated bednets, Species composition.