Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Root uptake, storage and remobilisation of autumn applied nitrogen to kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) vines

L'absorption racinaire, la subdivision, la conservation, et la redistribution de l'azote au niveau des racines ont ete etudiees sur des jeunes plantes de kiwi cv « Hayward », portant des fruits et cultives en pots. Deux rations de nitrate d'ammonium enrichi en 15 N [3,3 g (LN) et 10,0 g (HN) N par plante] ont ete distribuees 1 mois avant la recolte des fruits. Les fruits de kiwi ont absorbe 44-68 % du 1 5 N fourni a l'automne, qui a ete stocke principalement dans le systeme racinaire (61 %). Le 15 N a represente 22 et 36 % respectivement de l'azote total contenu dans les fruits des plantes LN et HN. Les feuilles ont retenu la plus grande partie de l'azote marque au cours de la senescence et 23 % seulement de l'azote d'automne est reste dans les organes perennes. Le 15 N fourni a l'automne a ete remobilise au printemps pour la croissance des jeunes pousses et le degre de remobilisation dans les fleurs et les fruits a ete fonction de la quantite de fertilisant. Les nouvelles pousses contenaient 31 % de l'azote total marque stocke durant l'hiver.
Interdemic variation in the African cyprinid Barbus neumayeri: correlations among hypoxia, morphology, and feeding performance

Adaptive change in one character may affect associated, but functionally unrelated, characters in adaptive or nonadaptive ways. For example, adaptive change in gill size (i.e., larger gills in hypoxic habitats) may alter adjacent feeding structures and therefore have indirect effects on feeding behavior. This study examines whether differences in total gill filament length among populations of the African cyprinid Barbus neumayeri correlate with variation in trophic structures and feeding performance. Morphological measurements revealed larger total gill filament length in populations from low-oxygen habitats. Differences in external and internal morphology of the trophic apparatus correlated with those found in gills and suggest a reduction in food capture and processing ability in fish with larger respiratory apparatus. In paired feeding trials on a novel prey type, large-gilled fish spent more time feeding than small-gilled fish of the same body size without ingesting more food. This suggests less effi.
Acquisition of Sound Symbolic Values of Vowels and Voiced Obstruents by Japanese Children: Using a Pokémonastics Paradigm

SUMMARY: Recent studies on sound symbolism have demonstrated that the number of voiced obstruents in Japanese Pokémon names is positively correlated with their evolution levels. This correlation is likely to be rooted in the sound symbolic relationship between voiced obstruents and largeness/heaviness/strength. This study shows that when Japanese children are presented with two non-existing names and a pair of pre-evolution and post-evolution Pokémon characters, they are more likely to associate names having voiced obstruents with post-evolution Pokémon characters. The experiment also shows that Japanese children associate post-evolution characters more with [a] than with [i], which shows that they are also sensitive to vocalic sound symbolism.
ASSESSING THE EFFICACY OF A BRIEF EVERYDAY PROBLEM-SOLVING TRAINING PROGRAM FOR OLDER ADULTS

We developed and evaluated the efficacy of a novel training procedure designed to enhance older adults’ everyday problem-solving ability, namely, their capacity to generate viable solutions for problems of daily living. We developed parallel sets of everyday problems to examine the impact of training on problem-solving ability among a sample of younger and older adults. In Study 1, we administered a one-hour training consisting of a tutored session (experimenter to participant) to improve everyday problem-solving abilities among older adults (60-73 years old). The results indicated that there was a significant enhancement in performance for those subjects trained to solve everyday problems. Training also improved people’s perceived self-efficacy for everyday problem solving. In Study 2, we tested the stability of this novel training procedure on a new sample of younger adults (20-29 years old), youngolder adults (65-74 years old) and older adults (75-84 years old). The results corroborated the findings of Study 1 in that participants performed better on everyday problem solving after being specifically trained.
Leaf Gas Exchange, Plant Water Relations and Water Use Efficiency of Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp. Inoculated with Rhizobia under Different Soil Water Regimes

Impact of soil water regimes on physiological responses and water use efficiency (WUE) for Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. (cowpea) inoculated with rhizobia still remains implicit. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to examine the leaf gas exchange, abscisic acid (ABA) and hydraulic signaling, WUE and carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ18O) of cowpea under different soil water levels. The treatments included soil water regimes at three levels (90%, 70%, and 50% of soil water holding capacity (SWHC)) and two inoculation forms (inoculated and non-inoculated with rhizobia). The results showed that across the inoculation treatments, reduced soil water regimes depressed both stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthesis (An) of the leaves, nonetheless, the decrease of gs was more pronounced compared with the reduction in An. Consequently, the intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) was improved in the treatments under decreased soil water conditions. Plant WUE was also improved when soil water contents decreased as exemplified by the increased leaf δ13C and δ18O, indicating the enhanced plant WUE was mainly attributed to the decrease of gs. Significant interactions between soil water regimes and rhizobia treatments for root water potential (RWP), leaf water potential (LWP), and gs were found due to the different responses of rhizobia to varied soil water regimes. Inoculation could improve plant water status and gs under 70% and 90% SWHC compared to 50% SWHC with negative effect from rhizobia. A moderate soil water regime is suggested for cowpea production in terms of high WUE with a minor biomass reduction.
BIOSOCIAL INTERACTIONS AND VIOLENCE A Focus on Perinatal Factors

In this chapter, we will be examining data within the framework of the biosocial model developed by Adrian Raine and presented earlier in this volume. In this model, the differential effects of biological and social factors on violence are considered in a systemic fashion. As outlined in the model, biological and social factors can act alone or in a variety of combinations to increase the risk for violent outcome. One ofthe neglected areas ofbiosocial research on violence is the examination of statistical interactions between biological and social factors (Brennan & Raine, in press). This chapter will focus on such interactions and on the role of perinatal factors in the outcome of early-onset aggression and persistent criminal violence.
Benchmark of Spallation Models

Spallation reactions play an important role in many branches of physics. If the nuclear reaction induced by low energy neutrons as in nuclear power plants or research reactors can be based on cross section database, it is not the case for spallation reactions due to the energy range, from 100 MeV up to ~3 GeV, and to the candidate targets (all nuclei). Then these reactions have to be modeled. Developments of codes are linked to new experiment and this ex-plains why fifteen years ago a first benchmark has been launched, restricted to particle production, followed by a second one on residues. Since then new data have been measured and computer tools are improved day after day, so a new benchmark has been organized, under the auspices of the IAEA, taken into account all types of results, particle and residue production, with a possibility to update the data (experimental and code calculation) via a web site. Re-sults of the benchmark concerning both the analysis of the prediction capabilities of the seventeen model-participants and the first conclusions on the physics of spallation models are presented.
Buzzes and high-frequency clicks recorded from narwhals (Monodon monoceros) at their wintering ground

High-frequency broadband clicks were recorded from narwhals (Monodon monoceros) off the Uummannaq region, Northwest Greenland, in April 2012 and 2013 while whales were on their wintering grounds in Baffin Bay. Recordings were made on eight different days directly from the pack ice edge or through holes drilled in pack ice floes at approximately 71o N and between 54o to 60o W. Recordings were conducted using a single hydrophone along with a recording system with a sampling frequency of 500 kHz and an AcousondeTM 3B with a sampling frequency of 250 kHz. The energy in the high-frequency narwhal clicks extended up to 200 kHz. Buzzes with inter-click intervals (ICI) down to 3.2 ms were also recorded; however, no whistles were obtained. This is the first time the whole bandwidth of narwhal echolocation clicks has been reported and the first case for which buzzes have been recorded from narwhals at their wintering ground. These data may have implications for conservation, management, and acoustic monitoring techniques in light of ongoing and expected significant increases in anthropogenic sound (e.g., seismic exploration, shipping) in the Arctic.
SDSS J211852.96-073227.5: a new γ-ray flaring narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy

We report on the identification of a new {\gamma}-ray-emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxy, SDSS J211852.96-073227.5 (hereinafter J2118-0732). The galaxy, at a redshift of 0.26, is associated with a radio source of flat/inverted spectrum at high radio frequencies. The analysis of its optical spectrum obtained in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) revealed a small linewidth of the broad component of the H{\beta} line (full width at half-maximum = 1585 km s^{-1}), making it a radio-loud NLS1 galaxy -- an intriguing class of active galactic nuclei with exceptional multiwavelength properties. A new {\gamma}-ray source centred at J2118-0732 was sporadically detected during 2009--2013 in form of flares by the Fermi-LAT. Our XMM-Newton observations revealed a flat X-ray spectrum described by a simple power law, and a flux variation by a factor of ~2.5 in five months. The source also shows intraday variability in the infrared band. Its broad-band spectral energy distribution can be modelled by emission from a simple one-zone leptonic jet model, and the flux drop from infrared to X-rays in five months can be explained by changes of the jet parameters, though the exact values may be subject to relatively large uncertainties. With the NLS1-blazar composite nucleus, the clear detection of the host galaxy, and the synchronous variations in the multiwavelength fluxes, J2118-0732 provides a new perspective on the formation and evolution of relativistic jets under the regime of relatively small black hole masses and high accretion rates.
Energetics and dynamics of caged Zn4 in i-ScZn

In i-ScZn, like other quasicrystals of the i-CaCd class, the innermost shell of the icosahedral cluster is a Zn4 tetrahedron, which thus breaks the symmetry of the outer cluster shells. We investigate theoretically the dynamics of individual tetrahedra, using interatomic pair potentials, fitted from an ab initio database, and molecular dynamics (MD). This includes the formulation of an effective Hamiltonian written in terms of a rigid-body rotation representing the state of each tetrahedron. We characterize the minimum-energy orientations of a tetrahedron, as well as the paths of the transitions between minima (reorientations). The velocity autocorrelations were evaluated for the tetrahedral atoms in the MD dynamics; the corresponding spectral density S(ω) is fairly well fitted by a simplified model in which each atom hops in a double well.
Bayesian dark knowledge

We consider the problem of Bayesian parameter estimation for deep neural networks, which is important in problem settings where we may have little data, and/ or where we need accurate posterior predictive densities p(y|x, D), e.g., for applications involving bandits or active learning. One simple approach to this is to use online Monte Carlo methods, such as SGLD (stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics). Unfortunately, such a method needs to store many copies of the parameters (which wastes memory), and needs to make predictions using many versions of the model (which wastes time). We describe a method for "distilling" a Monte Carlo approximation to the posterior predictive density into a more compact form, namely a single deep neural network. We compare to two very recent approaches to Bayesian neural networks, namely an approach based on expectation propagation [HLA15] and an approach based on variational Bayes [BCKW15]. Our method performs better than both of these, is much simpler to implement, and uses less computation at test time.
Managing contextual complexity in an experiential learning

11 12 This study adopts a dynamic systems approach to investigate how individuals successfully 13 manage contextual complexity. To that end, we tracked individuals’ emotional trajectories 14 during a challenging training course, seeking qualitative changes – turning points and we 15 tested their relationship with the perceived complexity of the training. The research context 16 was a five-day higher education course based on process-oriented experiential learning, and 17 the sample consisted of 17 students. The students used a five-point Likert scale to rate the 18 intensity of 16 emotions and the complexity of the training on 8 measurement points. Monte 19 Carlo permutation tests identified 30 turning points in the 272 emotional trajectories analyzed 20 (17 students * 16 emotions each). 83% of the turning points indicated a change of pattern in 21 the emotional trajectories that consisted of: a) increasingly intense positive emotions or b) 22 decreasingly intense negative emotions. These turning points also coincided with particularly 23 complex periods in the training as perceived by the participants (p = 0.003, and p = 0.001 24 respectively). The relationship between positively-trended turning points in the students’ 25 emotional trajectories and the complexity of the training may be interpreted as evidence of a 26 successful management of the cognitive conflict arising from the clash between the students’ 27 prior ways of meaning-making and the challenging demands of the training. One of the 28 strengths of this study is that it provides a relatively simple procedure for identifying turning 29 points in developmental trajectories, which can be applied to various longitudinal experiences 30 that are very common in educational and developmental contexts. Additionally, the findings 31 contribute to sustaining the assumption that complex contextual demands lead unfailingly to 32 incomplete learning by individuals’ learning is incomplete. Instead, it is how individuals 33 manage complexity which may or may not lead to learning. Finally, this study can also be 34 considered a first step in research on the developmental potential of process-oriented 35 experiential learning training. 36 37
Stochastic Volatility for Lévy Processes

Three processes reflecting persistence of volatility are initially formulated by evaluating three Lévy processes at a time change given by the integral of a mean‐reverting square root process. The model for the mean‐reverting time change is then generalized to include non‐Gaussian models that are solutions to Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck equations driven by one‐sided discontinuous Lévy processes permitting correlation with the stock. Positive stock price processes are obtained by exponentiating and mean correcting these processes, or alternatively by stochastically exponentiating these processes. The characteristic functions for the log price can be used to yield option prices via the fast Fourier transform. In general mean‐corrected exponentiation performs better than employing the stochastic exponential. It is observed that the mean‐corrected exponential model is not a martingale in the filtration in which it is originally defined. This leads us to formulate and investigate the important property of martingale marginals where we seek martingales in altered filtrations consistent with the one‐dimensional marginal distributions of the level of the process at each future date.
Viscous and resistive accretion flows with radially self-similar outflows

The existence of outflows in accretion flows has been confirmed by observations and by magnetohydrodynamics simulations. In this paper, we study the outflows of advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs) in the presence of resistivity and a toroidal magnetic field. The mechanism of energy dissipation in the flow is assumed to be the viscosity and the magnetic diffusivity as a result of turbulence in the accretion flow. It is also assumed that the magnetic diffusivity and the kinematic viscosity are not constant and that they vary by position, and the α-prescription is used for these. The influence of outflows emanating from an accretion disc is considered as a sink for mass, angular momentum and energy. The self-similar method is used to solve the integrated equations that govern the behaviour of the accretion flow in the presence of outflows. The solutions represent the disc that rotates faster and becomes cooler for stronger outflows. Moreover, by adding magnetic diffusivity, the surface density and rotational velocity decrease, while the radial velocity and temperature increase. A study of the present model with the magnitude of a magnetic field implies that the disc rotates and accretes faster and becomes hotter, while the surface density decreases. The thickness of the disc increases when adding a magnetic field or resistivity, while the disc becomes thinner for more mass and energy losses resulting from the outflows.
Finding Prerequisite Relations using the Wikipedia Clickstream

The increased availability of online learning resources in the form of courses, videos, and tutorials has created new opportunities for independent learners, but it has also increased the difficulty of planning a course of study. Where should the learner start? What should the learner know before tackling a new course? Manually identifying these prerequisite relations between learning resources or concepts is expensive in terms of time and expertise, and it is particularly difficult to do so for new or rapidly changing areas of knowledge. To address this challenge, we present a new method for identifying prerequisite relations based on naturally occurring data, namely the navigation patterns of users on the Wikipedia online encyclopedia. Our supervised learning approach shows that the navigation network structure can be used to identify dependencies among concepts in several domains.
The influence of affective empathy and autism spectrum traits on empathic accuracy

Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by interpersonal deficits and has been associated with limited cognitive empathy, which includes perspective taking, theory of mind, and empathic accuracy (EA). The capacity for affective empathy may also be impaired. In the present study we aimed to determine if EA in normally developing individuals with varying levels of autism spectrum traits is moderated by trait affective empathy. Fifty male and fifty female participants (‘perceivers’) completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient and the Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale to assess autism spectrum traits and trait affective empathy, respectively. EA was assessed using a Dutch-language version of a previously developed task and involved rating the feelings of others (‘targets’) verbally recounting autobiographical emotional events. Targets varied in trait emotional expressivity, assessed using the Berkeley Expressivity Questionnaire. Perceivers with more autism spectrum traits performed worse on the EA task, particularly when their trait affective empathy was relatively low. Interpersonal deficits in autism spectrum disorder may be partially explained by low cognitive empathy. Further, they might be aggravated by a limited capacity for affective empathy. Citation: aan het Rot M, Hogenelst K (2014) The Influence of Affective Empathy and Autism Spectrum Traits on Empathic Accuracy. PLoS ONE 9(6): e98436. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0098436 Editor: Angela Sirigu, French National Centre for Scientific Research, France Received October 3, 2013; Accepted May 4, 2014; Published June 6, 2014 Copyright: 2014 aan het Rot, Hogenelst. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The work was supported by the Innovational Research Incentives Scheme Veni from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO, Veni grant 451-09-013 awarded to Dr. aan het Rot). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: m.aan. het.rot@rug.nl
Macroeconomic factors in Probability of Default A study applied to a Swedish credit portfolio

Macroeconomic conditions can impact the payment capacity of individual mortgage holders’ household loans. If the clients of a bank’s retail credit portfolio experience deteriorating payment capacity it will reflect on the probability of default of the overall portfolio. With IFRS 9, banks are expected to sophisticate their calculations of expected credit loss, demanding forward-looking estimates of probability of default by incorporation of macroeconomic forecasts. Finding what macroeconomic factors have a statistical significant relationship to the actual default frequency of a portfolio can aid banks in estimating probability of default with reference to current and forecasted macroeconomic conditions. This study aims to explore the relationship between macroeconomic factors and the default frequency in a Swedish retail credit portfolio. The research is based on quantitative data analysis of historical default data, complemented by implications of the macroeconomic condition on the payment capacity of households from a theoretical perspective. Macroeconomic factors studied are the Swedish gross domestic product, house price index, repo rate and unemployment rate. The supporting data consists of default data from Nordea’s Swedish retail credit portfolio. The time period covers 2008-2015 and provides basis for analysis of a time period with different conditions in the macroeconomy, including effects of the 2008 financial crisis. A multiple linear regression model is used as a method to suggest the relationship between the macroeconomic factors and the default frequency. The model coefficients are estimated with calculations of Ordinary Least Squares and the significance supported by statistical test. Results show that gross domestic product and repo rate are statistically significant macroeconomic variables in explaining changes in the default frequency and thus probability of default of a Swedish retail credit portfolio. Key-words Macroeconomic factors, Probability of Default, IFRS 9, credit risk, mortgage loans Examensarbete TRITA-ITM-EX 2018:534 Makroekonomiska faktorer i Probability of Default En studie tillämpad på en svensk kreditportfölj
PR ] 4 A pr 2 01 8 Random Locations of Periodic Stationary Processes

We consider a family of random locations, called intrinsic location functionals, of periodic stationary processes. This family includes but is not limited to the location of the path supremum and first/last hitting times. We first show that the set of all possible distributions of intrinsic location functionals for periodic stationary processes is the convex hull generated by a specific group of distributions. We then focus on two special subclasses of these random locations. For the first subclass, the density has a uniform lower bound; for the second subclass, the possible distributions are closely related to the concept of joint mixability.