Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Learning Models and Rational Thinking Abilities on the Outcomes of Students Learning Science Class V State Elementary Schools in Percut Sei Tuan District

This study aims to increase students' historical awareness by using the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model based on the outdoor study of Sukuh temple in social studies learning in class VII SMPIT MTA Karanganyar. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) with a design of two cycles of the application of the learning model in class VII students, totaling 32 students. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis. The research instrument is the author himself as a data collector. The data validation was done by using triangulation techniques, double-checking, and peer question and answer. Data analysis was performed using interactive analysis techniques which included data collection, data reduction, data display, and verification of conclusion. To increase students' historical awareness, the researcher used a 30 item historical awareness questionnaire with the achievement of the results of an increase in pre-action and post-action activities. This increase can be seen from the average result value of cycle 1 and cycle 2. The results show that the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model based on the outdoor study of Sukuh temple can increase the historical awareness of grade VII students of SMPIT MTA Karanganyar. The results of the application of the PjBL model have an average post-test score of 66 while the post test score in cycle 2 is 73. The increase in historical awareness of students in cycle 1 and cycle 2 has a percentage of 11% while the comparison between pre-action and cycle 1 has a percentage of 69% so that it can It was concluded that there had been a significant increase in the results of the posttest. Thus, the PjBL model succeeded in increasing the historical awareness of the seventh-grade students of SMPIT MTA Karanganyar.
Physical Properties Revealed by Transport Measurements for Superconducting Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2 Thin Films

The newly found superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelate superconducting films has attracted much attention, because their crystalline and electronic structures are similar to high-$T_c$ cuprate superconductors. The upper critical field can provide much information on superconductivity, but detailed experimental data are still lacking in these films. Here we present temperature and angle dependence of resistivity measured under different magnetic fields ($H$) in Nd$_{0.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$NiO$_{2}$ thin films. The onset superconducting transition occurs at about 16.2 K at 0 T. Temperature dependent upper critical fields determined by using a criterion very close to the onset transition show a clear negative curvature near the critical transition temperature, which is explained as the consequence of the paramagnetically limited effect on superconductivity. The temperature dependent anisotropy of the upper critical field is obtained from resistivity data, which yields a value decreasing from 3 to 1.2 with lowering temperature. This can be explained by a variable contribution from the orbital limit effect on upper critical field. The angle dependent resistivity at a fixed temperature and different magnetic fields cannot be scaled to one curve, which deviates from the prediction of the anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau theory. However, at low temperatures, the increased resistivity by magnetic field can be scaled by the parameter $H^\beta |\cos\theta|$ ($1<\beta<6$) with $\theta$ the angle enclosed between $c$-axis and the applied magnetic field. As the first detailed study on the upper critical field of the nickelate thin films, our results clearly indicate a small anisotropy and paramagnetically limited effect of superconductivity in nickelate superconductors.
High-Fat Diet Promotes Colorectal Tumorigenesis through Modulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Dietary fat intake is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We examined the role of high-fat diet (HFD) in driving CRC through modulating gut microbiota and metabolites. METHODS HFD or control diet (CD) was fed to mice littermates in CRC mouse models of azoxymethane (AOM) model and Apcmin/+ model, with or without antibiotics cocktail treatment. Germ-free mice for fecal microbiota transplantation were utilized for validation. Gut microbiota and metabolites were respectively detected by metagenomic sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Gut barrier function was determined by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) level and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS HFD promoted colorectal tumorigenesis in both AOM-treated mice and Apcmin/+ mice compared with CD-fed mice. Gut microbiota depletion by antibiotics attenuated colon tumor formation in HFD-fed mice. A significant shift of gut microbiota composition with increased pathogenic bacteria Alistipes sp. Marseille-P5997 and Alistipes sp. 5CPEGH6, and depleted probiotic Parabacteroides distasonis, along with impaired gut barrier function was exhibited in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, HFD-modulated gut microbiota promotes colorectal tumorigenesis in AOM-treated germ-free mice, indicating gut microbiota was essential in HFD-associated colorectal tumorigenesis. Gut metabolites alteration including elevated lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) which was confirmed to promote CRC cell proliferation and impair cell junction was also observed in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, transfer of stools from HFD-fed mice to germ-free mice without interference increased colonic cell proliferation, impaired gut barrier function and induced oncogenic genes expression. CONCLUSION HFD drives colorectal tumorigenesis through inducing gut microbial dysbiosis, metabolomic dysregulation with elevated LPA, and gut barrier dysfunction in mice.
PENGARUH DISIPLIN KERJA DAN PROFESIONALISME TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN PADA KANTOR DINAS SOSIAL KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG

Penelitian ini berjudul “ Pengaruh disiplin kerja dan profesionalisme terhadap kualitas pelayanan pada kantor Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Deli Serdang”. Tjuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh disiplin kerja dan profesionalisme terhadap kulitas pelyanan pada Kantor Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Deli Serdang dengan jumlah sampel 78 orang yang membuat kartu KIS. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan antara lain adalah dengan menyebarkan angket/keusioner kepada seluruh sampel yaitu masyarakat yang membuat kartu KIS. Data diproses menggunakan SPSS versi 23.0 for windows. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda, dengan rumus Y= a + b1X1 + b2X2 + e, dan utnuk mengetahui pengaruh antara variabel X1 dan X2 terhadap variabel Y menggunakan uji t atau uji parsial. Hasil uji regresi linier berganda diperoleh persamaan Y= 7,962 + 0,109(X1) + 0,670(X2) + e, dimana Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja dan Profesionalisme mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap variabel Kualitas Pelayanan Nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) diperoleh sebesar 0,571 atau 57,1% yang berrarti bahwa varioabel X1 dan X2 berpengaruh terhadap variabel Y pada Kantor Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Dengan hasil uji t atau parsial diperoleh dari variabel X1 dengan t hitung 9,805 > t tabel (1,992) denagn tingkat signifikasnsi 0,000 t tabel (1,992) dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,000 t tabel . Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa Disiplin Kerja dan Profesionalisme atau variabel bebas secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Publik atau variabel terikat pada kantor Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Deli Serdang
Páramos Neotropicales como unidades biogeográficas

Introducción: El Páramo se ha definido desde diversos acercamientos, teniendo en cuenta factores de fácil reconocimiento o medición. A nivel biogeográfico se ha evaluado con métodos ampliamente criticados para la identificación de áreas de endemismo. El análisis de endemicidad, pese a su importancia y amplio reconocimiento, no se ha utilizado como herramienta para evaluar el Páramo. Objetivo: Determinar si los páramos neotropicales es una o varias unidades biogeográficas. Métodos: Incluimos registros de Aves, Amphibia, Mammalia, Reptilia, Marchantiophyta y Spermatophyta, para los que encontramos 7 025 especies con 193 250 presencias viables obtenidas desde GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) [a septiembre de 2018]. Usamos cada grupo taxonómico como una partición independiente, y generamos particiones adicionales como plantas totales (Plantas-T: Marchantiophyta + Spermatophyta), animales totales (Animales-T: Aves + Amphibia + Mammalia + Reptilia) y evidencia total (Plantas-T + Animales-T). Utilizamos el criterio de optimalidad para identificar áreas de endemismo. Realizamos el análisis usando dos tamaños de cuadrícula 0.5 y 0.25°. Con las áreas obtenidas, calculamos la intersección con los polígonos que representan las definiciones de páramo generadas por otros autores. Resultados: Con los dos tamaños de cuadrícula identificamos áreas de endemismo en diferentes sectores; sin embargo, el tamaño de 0.25° nos permitió mayor resolución al identificar los sectores en alta montaña. Estos sectores corresponden a ocho zonas que denominamos subprovincias: Santa Marta-Perijá, Mérida, Santanderes-Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Cordillera Central-Occidental, Norte de Ecuador, Centro-Sur de Ecuador y Talamanca, las cuales fueron congruentes entre un 4 y un 66 % con las definiciones previas. Conclusiones: Páramo se ha planteado como una sola unidad biogeográfica; sin embargo, dado nuestros análisis, lo identificamos como ocho subprovincias biogeográficas, congruentes con estudios previamente publicados.
Density of Cockroaches in Perimeter and Port Buffer Areas: Analysis of Sanitation and Physical Environment Factors

Berdasarkan Permenkes RI No. 50 tahun 2017, pelabuhan harus bebas dari kecoa dengan standar baku mutu indeks populasi kecoa kurang dari 2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kepadatan kecoa di wilayah pelabuhan dan menganalisis sanitasi dan faktor lingkungan fisik terkait dengan kepadatan kecoa. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif melalui rancangan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di wilayah perimeter dan buffer Pelabuhan Tanjung Emas Kota Semarang. Penangkapan kecoa dilakukan pada 51 warung makan dengan pengamatan sanitasi dan lingkungan fisik. Penangkapan kecoa menggunakan sticky trap yang ditempatkan pada satu titik di setiap warung makan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan indeks populasi kecoa di wilayah perimeter yaitu 9,74 dan 5,4 di wilayah buffer. Berdasarkan uji Chi Square didapatkan hubungan korelasi sanitasi warung makan dan kepadatan kecoa (p kurang dari 0,0001; OR=3,75). Ada hubungan suhu (p kurang dari 0,0001; r=0,-59) dan kelembaban (p kurang dari 0,0001; r=0,52) dengan kepadatan kecoa, berdasarkan uji spearman. Kepadatan kecoa pada warung makan di wilayah pelabuhan baik di area perimeter dan buffer berhubungan dengan sanitasi dan lingkungan fisik. Disarankan pemilik warung makan untuk selalu menjaga sanitasi dan melakukan tindakan pengendalian kecoa. ABSTRACT: Based on Permenkes RI No. 50 of 2017, the port must be free from cockroaches with a standard quality index of cockroach population less than 2. This study aims to describe the density of cockroaches in the port area and analyze sanitation and physical environmental factors related to cockroach density. Type quantitative research through analytical observational research design with cross-sectional design. The location of the research in the perimeter and buffer area of Tanjung Emas Port, Semarang City. Catching cockroaches was carried out at 51 food stalls with observations of sanitation and the physical environment. Catching English translation. cockroaches using a sticky trap placed at one point in each food stalls. The results showed an index of cockroach populations in the perimeter area of 9.74 and 5.4 in the buffer area. Based on the Chi-Square test, there was a correlation between sanitation of food stalls and density of cockroaches (p less than 0.0001; OR=3.75). There is a relationship between temperature (p less than 0.0001; r=0.-59) and humidity (p less than 0.0001; r=0.52) with cockroach density, based on spearman tests. The density of cockroaches in food stalls in the port area both in the perimeter and buffer areas is related to sanitation and the physical environment. It is recommended that the owner of the food stall always maintain sanitation and carry out cockroach control measures .
Flora Vascular de las lomas de Mangomarca, San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, Perú

Las lomas costeras son ecosistemas comprendidos en la ecorregion desierto del pacifico, sonestacionales y dependen de la inversion termica en el invierno del hemisferio sur. Se presentael estudio sobre La flora vascular de las lomas de Mangomarca, San Juan de Lurigancho con lafinalidad de registrar y explicar esta formacion localizada en los cerros de Mangomarca, desde80 hasta 800 m de altitud y coordenadas 11°59’51”-12°00’S; 76°58’30”-76°58’02”O, cerca al centrode Lima Metropolitana. Las evaluaciones se realizaron durante los inviernos de 2011-2019.Se registraron 26 familias de plantas vasculares con 44 generos y 51 especies; las familias conmayor numero de especies; Asteraceae con 9 especies seguido de Solanaceae con ocho especiesy Amaranthaceae con cuatro especies; Magnoliopsidae es el grupo dominante con 47 especies, 40genero y 22 familias. Las formas de crecimiento registradas son: hierbas 33 especies, arbustos 13especies, arboles y suculentas dos especies cada una y trepadoras una especie. Nueve especies sonendemicas: Atriplex rotundifolia (Amaranthaceae), Ismene amancaes, (Amaryllidaceae), Ophryosporuspubescens (Asteraceae), Haageocereus limensis (Cactaceae), Cistanthe paniculata (Montiaceae), Oxalislomana (Oxalidaceae), Nolana humifusa, Nicotiana paniculata y Exodecomus prostratus (Solanaceae). LasLomas de Mangomarca estan amenazadas por la presion antropica de asentamientos humanos deCampoy y Los Jardines en San Juan de Lurigancho que han llegado hasta la cima por ambos flancos,que afectan por residuos solidos y fauna acompanante.
An Empirical Study of German American Bancorp’s Acquisition of River Valley Bancorp

This paper uses event study methodology to analyse the merger effect on shareholders’ wealth of German American Bancorp and River Valley Bancorp in both the short term and long term. We adopt the market model for the short term and the Fama and French 3 Factor model as well as include liquidity factor for the long term study. The result shows German American Bancorp experienced -0.05million and River Valley Bancorp experienced 26.44million with a test window of five days prior and five days after the announcement date. The combined firm experienced 26.39million gains in the short term and insignificant returns in the long term. We use factors including macroeconomic background, industry environment, market power, synergy effect, and taxation to analyse the reasons for mergers. We also leverage complexity theory, focus or diversification, means of payment, number of bidders, agency theory, and ratio analysis to investigate wealth change for shareholders.
Do workers, managers, and stations matter for effective policing? A decomposition of productivity into three dimensions of unobserved heterogeneity.

Misallocation of resources in an economy makes firms less productive. I document the roles of heterogeneity, sorting, and complementarity in a framework where workers, managers, and firms interact to shape productivity. The approach I follow uses the movement of workers and managers across firms to identify the distribution of productivity. I webscraped novel microdata of crime reports from the Indian police department and combined them with the worker-level measurement of productivity. Using this data I show that the third source of heterogeneity in the form of manager ability is an important driver of differences in firm productivity. I empirically identify complementarities between workers, managers, and firms using my estimation methodology. Counterfactual results show that reallocating workers by applying a positive assortative sorting rule can increase police department productivity by 10%.
Investment Response to Monetary Policy in a Low Interest Rate Environment: Evidence from the ECB's Corporate QE

We study how an easing in corporate bond funding conditions affect the asset structure of firms' fixed assets. This paper employs ECB's Corporate Sector Purchase Program as a quasi-natural experiment that reduces bond yields for firms eligible to ECB purchases. We identify eligible firms using information on their bond ratings. Using consolidated balance sheet information on non-financial firms in France, we find that firms increase investment expenses but only to replace existing assets, whether tangible and intangible, instead of investing in new equipment to grow in scale. This replacement is however not homogeneous across asset classes, since intangible assets increase in importance relative to tangible ones. The shift towards intangible assets is stronger for firms with a BBB rating than for safer firms (AAA-A rating). This suggest that while BBB rated firms were to some extent constraint in their funding, they do not use the proceeding to reinforce the collateral value of their assets. These effects are robust to the inclusion of several fixed effects. We conclude that an easier access to market debt can have an effect on the mix of fixed assets used by firms to produce. This raises questions as to whether firms eligible to CSPP purchases increased their productivity since new equipment can be more efficient than the deprecated ones.
Transitory Earnings Shocks, Financial Constraints and Price Momentum

I examine the separate roles of persistent and transitory earnings shocks in explaining price momentum. I find that transitory shocks have significant explanatory power, suggesting financial constraints may be important for momentum firms. In a liquidity management model that accounts for both types of shocks, the most constrained firms end up in the extreme past performance portfolios. High expected cash-flow growth carries a positive risk for constrained firms, driving the difference in expected returns between winners and losers. The model reproduces the average momentum premium and its dissipation one year after formation observed in the data. Empirical proxies for financial constraints and expected growth confirm model predictions.
The Effects of U.S. Monetary Policy on International Mutual Fund Investment

We study the effects of U.S. monetary policy on international mutual fund investment. We apply a novel variant of the shock identification procedure in Bu et al. (2021) to decompose observed U.S. monetary policy surprises into pure monetary policy shock and information shock components. We find that an increase in interest rates driven by a pure monetary policy shock leads to persistent outflows from EMs and to a lesser extent global and U.S. mutual funds. On the other hand, when rates increase following a positive information shock investors reallocate capital out of U.S. bonds and into (riskier) equity funds, both U.S. and abroad. We attribute these differences to the risk-taking channel of monetary policy. Pure monetary policy shocks tighten financial conditions, while information shocks lower the VIX. Finally, we explore regional heterogeneity in responses. Global EMs and Asia-focused funds suffer sharp outflows after tightening U.S. monetary policy shocks. Information shocks instead lead to large inflows to China-focused funds, reflecting the large economic ties between China and the U.S.
The Debt-Equity Spread

We propose the debt-equity spread (DES) as a measure of the valuation gap between debt and equity at firm level. DES strongly predicts stock and bond returns in opposite directions. A strategy that takes long positions in firms with low DES, whose stocks are cheap relative to bonds, and short those with high DES generates an average stock return of 6% per annum and bond return of -3.3% per annum. The return predictability is consistently stronger among small, illiquid, and difficult-to-short stocks and bonds. In addition, higher debt-equity spreads are associated with (i) higher probability for negative revision of long-term earnings growth forecasts; (ii) more equity issuance and debt repurchase, resulting in a low leverage ratio; (iii) stronger preferences for stock payments in acquisitions; and (iv) more insider stock selling. Together, these results suggest that the return prediction of DES is likely driven by mispricing rather than risk exposures.
PE for the Public: The Rise of SPACs

A special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) allows sponsors to directly access public capital markets to raise funds to conduct acquisitions. Traditionally, such sponsors would raise capital by first tapping private markets to initiate a venture capital (VC) or private equity (PE) fund. We present a model that lends itself to an evaluation of the traditional PE-to-IPO approach and SPAC financing. PE-to-IPO financing more efficiently separates high-quality from low-quality sponsors. SPAC financing more efficiently separates good acquisitions from bad acquisitions and therefore is the preferred mode of funding for firms subject to severe adverse selection. According to our model, the recent rise of intangible assets and technology companies can explain the increased use of SPAC financing.
The Effect of Labor Cost on Labor-Saving Innovation

We show that an increase in the cost of unskilled labor leads to more labor-saving innovation. Larger minimum wage increases are associated with larger increases in automation patent applications and citations received by automation patents. These findings are stronger in states with a higher binding wage percentile, i.e., where the minimum wage increase has more ‘bite’. The increase in automation patents following minimum wage hikes contributes to poorer employment outcomes for unskilled workers employed in routine tasks. We conclude that minimum wage legislation spurs innovation that displaces the very same workers the legislation was designed to help.
Are Executives More Socially Responsible When Raised with Siblings? Evidence from Chinese Family Firms

We examine the impact of a chairperson having siblings on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of a firm. The findings suggest that when a firm has a siblings-chairperson, the firm has a better CSR rating than a firm with a chairperson having no siblings. The conclusions are robust to a regression discontinuity research design. Additional analysis suggests that the mechanisms behind siblings and CSR are consistent with both competition and altruistic effects among siblings. Further analysis suggests that the positive impact of a siblings-chairperson on the CSR rating of firms is more salient when the local familism culture is stronger, when government official career advancement incentives are lower, or when the siblings are directors or CEOs of other firms.