Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF NON-STARCH POLYSACCHARIDES CONTENT OF WHEAT AND XYLANASE SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE INTESTINAL AMYLASE, AMINO PEPTIDASE AND LIPASE ACTIVITIES, ILEAL VISCOSITY AND FAT DIGESTIBILITY IN LAYER DIET

The effects of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) content of wheat and xylanase supplementation (XS) of the diet, on intestinal enzyme activity (amylase, aminopeptidase and lipase), fat digestibility and ileal viscosity of laying hens has been studied. Two hundred forty Hy-Line W-36 layer from 20 to 25 week of age were studied under a factorial experiment (4×2) in completely randomized design with 8 treatments including four levels of wheat (0, 23, 46 and 69%) corresponding to a dietary xylose content of 1.9, 2.1, 2.3 and 2.5% and two levels of xylanase (none or added at the dosage recommended by the supplier). Each treatment was replicated five times each with six hens. Wheat inclusion in the diet increased amylase and lipase activity in the duodenum and jejunum, respectively (P<0.001). Wheat inclusion, increased ileal viscosity while adding xylanase to diet, reduced it (P<0.001). Fat digestibility was decreased by wheat increment levels (P<0.001). The pH of the digesta content in different segments of gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) was not affected by wheat levels or XS, except for cecum that decreased with increasing the level of wheat. Relative weight and length of duodenum, jejunum and ileum were not affected by dietary treatment. Results suggested that wheat inclusion at high levels increased endogenous enzyme activity but could not alleviate the adverse effect of NSP content of
Using sex and gender in survey adjustment

Accounting for sex and gender characteristics is a complex, structural challenge in social science research. While other methodology papers consider issues surrounding appropriate measurement, we consider how gender and sex impact adjustments for non-response patterns in sampling and survey estimates. We consider the problem of survey adjustment arising from the recent push toward measuring sex or gender as a non-binary construct. This is challenging not only in that response categories differ between sex and gender measurement, but also in that both of these attributes are potentially multidimensional. In this manuscript we reflect on similarities to measuring race/ethnicity before considering the ethical and statistical implications of the options available to us. We do not conclude with a single best recommendation but rather an awareness of the complexity of the issues surrounding this challenge and the benefits and weaknesses of different approaches.
Degradation of domains with sequential field application

Recent experiments show striking unexpected features when alternating square magnetic field pulses are applied to ferromagnetic samples: domains show area reduction and domains walls change their roughness. We explain these phenomena with a simple scalar-field model, using a numerical protocol that mimics the experimental one. For a bubble and a stripe domain, we reproduce the experimental findings: the domains shrink by a combination of linear and exponential behavior. We also reproduce the roughness exponents found in the experiments. Our results suggest that the observed effects are due to a change in the disorder correlation length when the domain walls are subject to alternating fields during the first cycles, where the initial state of the interface plays a crucial role. Finally, our simulations explain the area loss by the interplay between disorder effects and effective fields induced by the local domain curvature.
Few-Mode Fiber Coupling Efficiency for Free-Space Optical Communication

Few-mode fiber is a significant component of free-space optical communication at the receiver to obtain achievable high coupling efficiency. A theoretical coupling model from the free-space optical communication link to a few-mode fiber is proposed based on a scale-adapted set of Laguerre-Gaussian modes. It is found that the coupling efficiency of various modes behaves differently in the presence of atmospheric turbulence or random jitter. Based on this model, the optimal coupling geometry parameter is obtained to maximize the coupling efficiency of the selected mode of few-mode fiber. The communication performance with random jitter is investigated. It is shown that the few-mode fiber has better bit-error rate performance than single-mode fiber, especially in high signal-to-noise ratio regimes.
H i study of isolated and paired galaxies: the MIR SFR-M⋆ sequence

Using mid-infrared star formation rate and stellar mass indicators in WISE (Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer), we construct and contrast the relation between star formation rate and stellar mass for isolated and paired galaxies. Our samples comprise a selection of AMIGA (Analysis of the interstellar Medium in Isolated GAlaxies; isolated galaxies) and pairs of ALFALFA (Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA) galaxies with H i detections such that we can examine the relationship between H i content (gas fraction, H i deficiency) and galaxy location on the main sequence (MS) in these two contrasting environments. We derive for the first time an H i scaling relation for isolated galaxies using WISE stellar masses, and thereby establish a baseline predictor of H i content that can be used to assess the impact of environment on H i content when compared with samples of galaxies in different environments. We use this updated relation to determine the H i deficiency of both our paired and isolated galaxies. Across all the quantities examined as a function of environment in this work (MS location, gas fraction, and H i deficiency), the AMIGA sample of isolated galaxies is found to have the lower dispersion: σAMIGA = 0.37 versus σPAIRS = 0.55 on the MS, σAMIGA = 0.44 versus σPAIRS = 0.54 in gas fraction, and σAMIGA = 0.28 versus σPAIRS = 0.34 in H i deficiency. We also note fewer isolated quiescent galaxies, 3 (0.6${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$), compared to 12 (2.3${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) quiescent pair members. Our results suggest the differences in scatter measured between our samples are environment driven. Galaxies in isolation behave relatively predictably, and galaxies in more densely populated environments adopt a more stochastic behaviour, across a broad range of quantities.
Topological terms and anomaly matching in effective field theories on $\mathbb{R}^3\times S^1$: I. Abelian symmetries and intermediate scales.

We explicitly calculate the topological terms that arise in IR effective field theories for $SU(N)$ gauge theories on $\mathbb{R}^3 \times S^1$ by integrating out all but the lightest modes. We then show how these terms match all global-symmetry 't Hooft anomalies of the UV description. We limit our discussion to theories with abelian 0-form symmetries, namely those with one flavour of adjoint Weyl fermion and one or zero flavours of Dirac fermions. While anomaly matching holds as required, it takes a different form than previously thought. For example, cubic- and mixed-$U(1)$ anomalies are matched by local background-field-dependent topological terms (background TQFTs) instead of chiral-lagrangian Wess-Zumino terms. We also describe the coupling of 0-form and 1-form symmetry backgrounds in the magnetic dual of super-Yang-Mills theory in a novel way, valid throughout the RG flow and consistent with the monopole-instanton 't Hooft vertices. We use it to discuss the matching of the mixed chiral-center anomaly in the magnetic dual.
Rethinking Attention with Performers

We introduce Performers, Transformer architectures which can estimate regular (softmax) full-rank-attention Transformers with provable accuracy, but using only linear (as opposed to quadratic) space and time complexity, without relying on any priors such as sparsity or low-rankness. To approximate softmax attention-kernels, Performers use a novel Fast Attention Via positive Orthogonal Random features approach (FAVOR+), which may be of independent interest for scalable kernel methods. FAVOR+ can be also used to efficiently model kernelizable attention mechanisms beyond softmax. This representational power is crucial to accurately compare softmax with other kernels for the first time on large-scale tasks, beyond the reach of regular Transformers, and investigate optimal attention-kernels. Performers are linear architectures fully compatible with regular Transformers and with strong theoretical guarantees: unbiased or nearly-unbiased estimation of the attention matrix, uniform convergence and low estimation variance. We tested Performers on a rich set of tasks stretching from pixel-prediction through text models to protein sequence modeling. We demonstrate competitive results with other examined efficient sparse and dense attention methods, showcasing effectiveness of the novel attention-learning paradigm leveraged by Performers.
Fast solution of the superconducting dynamo benchmark problem

A model of high-temperature superconducting dynamos, a promising type of flux pump capable of wireless injection of a large DC current into a superconducting circuit, has recently been chosen as an applied superconductivity benchmark problem and solved using ten different numerical methods (Ainslie et al 2020 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 33 105009). Using expansions in Chebyshev polynomials for approximation in space and the method of lines for integration in time we derive a simple and accurate numerical method which is much faster. The proposed numerical method was applied also to problems with transport current and a field-dependent sheet critical current density.
Suppression of coarsening and pattern formation in a two-field Cahn-Hilliard model with nonvariational coupling

We investigate a generic model for passive and active ternary mixtures consisting of a two-field Cahn-Hilliard model with respective variational and nonvariational coupling between the fields, i.e., the latter breaks the gradient dynamics structure of the model. Already a linear stability analysis of the homogeneous mixed state shows that activity allows not only for the usual large-scale stationary instability known from the passive case but also for small-scale stationary and large-scale oscillatory instabilities. In consequence of the small-scale instability, a linear suppression of the usual Cahn-Hilliard coarsening dynamics occurs. Subsequently, we provide an extensive nonlinear analysis, first, of the passive case where we discuss the phase behavior in the thermodynamic limit and relate it to appropriate bifurcation diagrams for systems of finite size. Second we focus on the active case where bifurcation diagrams and selected direct time simulations allow us to discuss arrest and complete suppression of coarsening, the emergence of drifting and oscillatory states, and the behavior in a number of relevant limiting cases. Throughout the work we emphasize the relevance of conservation laws and related symmetries for the encountered intricate bifurcation behavior.
Space-time covariance models on networks

The second-order, small-scale dependence structure of a stochastic process defined in the space-time domain is key to prediction (or kriging). While great efforts have been dedicated to developing models for cases in which the spatial domain is either a finite-dimensional Euclidean space or a unit sphere, counterpart developments on a generalized linear network are practically non-existent. To fill this gap, we develop a broad range of parametric, non-separable space-time covariance models on generalized linear networks and then an important subgroup -- Euclidean trees by the space embedding technique -- in concert with the generalized Gneiting class of models and 1-symmetric characteristic functions in the literature, and the scale mixture approach. We give examples from each class of models and investigate the geometric features of these covariance functions near the origin and at infinity. We also show the linkage between different classes of space-time covariance models on Euclidean trees. We illustrate the use of models constructed by different methodologies on a daily stream temperature data set and compare model predictive performance by cross validation.
Bilateral Asymmetry Guided Counterfactual Generating Network for Mammogram Classification

Mammogram benign or malignant classification with only image-level labels is challenging due to the absence of lesion annotations. Motivated by the symmetric prior that the lesions on one side of breasts rarely appear in the corresponding areas on the other side, we explore to answer a counterfactual question to identify the lesion areas. This counterfactual question means: given an image with lesions, how would the features have behaved if there were no lesions in the image? To answer this question, we derive a new theoretical result based on the symmetric prior. Specifically, by building a causal model that entails such a prior for bilateral images, we identify to optimize the distances in distribution between i) the counterfactual features and the target side’s features in lesion-free areas; and ii) the counterfactual features and the reference side’s features in lesion areas. To realize these optimizations for better benign/malignant classification, we propose a counterfactual generative network, which is mainly composed of Generator Adversarial Network and a prediction feedback mechanism, they are optimized jointly and prompt each other. Specifically, the former can further improve the classi? cation performance by generating counterfactual features to calculate lesion areas. On the other hand, the latter helps counterfactual generation by the supervision of classification loss. The utility of our method and the effectiveness of each module in our model can be verified by state-of-the-art performance on INBreast and an in-house dataset and ablation studies.
Random dynamical systems on a real line

We study random dynamical systems on the real line, considering each dynamical system together with the one generated by the inverse maps. We show that there is a duality between forward and inverse behaviour for such systems, splitting them into four classes (in terms of both dynamical and stationary measure aspects). This is analogous to the results already known for the smooth dynamics on [0,1], established in terms of the Lyapunov exponents at the endpoints; however, our arguments are purely topological, and thus our result is applicable to the general case of homeomorphisms of the real line.
Determination of the Gate Breakdown Mechanisms in p-GaN Gate HEMTs by Multiple-Gate-Sweep Measurements

In this work, we studied the gate breakdown (BD) mechanisms of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-GaN gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs by a novel multiple-gate-sweep-based method. For the first time, three different BD mechanisms were observed and identified separately in the same devices: the metal/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-GaN junction BD, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-GaN/AlGaN/GaN junction BD, and the passivation-related BD. This method is an effective method to determine the BD mechanisms. The different BD mechanisms were further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the temperature dependences of the three BD mechanisms were measured and compared. This analysis method was also employed in the devices with a different passivation material and showed its applicability.
PDFlib PLOP: PDF Linearization, Optimization, Protection Page inserted by evaluation version

We studied the compensatory eye movements made by subjects with unilateral vestibular deficits in response to passive (unpredictable, manually generated) and active (predictable, self-generated) head impulses. A typical head impulse is a brief, low-amplitude (15–20°), high-velocity (150–350°/s), high-acceleration (4000–6000°/s2), yaw head-on-trunk rotation. In the initial 75 ms of the response, the vestibulo-ocular reflex gain was significantly higher during active head impulses to both ipsilesional and contralesional sides, than during passive impulses. Mean gains were 0.15 (ipsilesional passive), 0.44 (ipsilesional active), 0.5 (contralesional passive), and 0.76 (contralesional active). Differences between active and passive head impulses were present from near the onset of head rotation. The mechanism for producing this behavior is unclear, but the findings could be related to enhanced sensitivity of second-order neurons during active head impulses. However, even with active movements, there is still a large and statistically significant asymmetry in the eye-movement responses for ipsilesional as opposed to contralesional head rotations. After 75 ms, rapid corrective eye movements often were generated to reduce any remaining gaze error.
Effects of Marigold Extract on Laying Performance,Egg Quality and Yolk Cholesterol Content in Suqin Green-Shelled Laying Hens

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary different marigold extract levels on laying performance,egg quality,and yolk cholesterol content of laying hens.One hundred and sixty 28-weekold Suqin green-shelled laying hens with a similar laying rate were assigned to 4 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 10 laying hens per replicate.The diet of the control group was no marigold extract,while the diets of experimental groups contained 0.05%,0.10% and 0.20% marigold extract(the contents of lutein were 12.5,25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg),respectively.The experiment lasted for 42 d.The results showed that there was no significant difference in laying performance among all the 4 groups(P 0.05). At day 14 of the experiment,the Haugh unit in the 0.10% and 0.20% marigold extract groups was significantly higher than that in the control group(P 0.05). The yolk color in the marigold extract groups was significantly deeper than that in the control group(P 0.05). At day 28 of the experiment,the Haugh unit in the 0.10% and 0.20% marigold extract groups was significantly higher than that in the control group(P 0.05). The yolk color in the 0.20% marigold extract group was significantly deeper compared with the other groups(P 0.05). At day 42 of the experiment,the Haugh unit in the 0.20% marigold extract group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P 0.05). The yolk color in the 0.20% marigold extract group was significantly deeper than that in the other groups(P 0.05). There was no significant difference in yolk cholesterol content among all the 4 groups(P 0.05). In conclusions,dietary 0.20% marigold extract can increase the Haugh unit and yolk color,while without harmful effects are found in laying performance and yolk cholesterol content.
More Words but Still No Lexicon: Reply to Besner et al. (1990)

The major points in the Besner, Twilley, McCann, and Seergobin (1990) critique of the Seidenberg and McClelland (1989) model are addressed. The model's performance differs from that of people in ways that are predictable from an understanding of the limitations of the implementation. The principal limitations are the size of the training corpus and the phonological representation. The issue of pseudohomophone effects is discussed, and Besner et al.'s new data are shown to be consistent with the Seidenberg and McClelland account of lexical decision. Besner, Twilley, McCann, and Seergobin's (1990) broad critique of the Seidenberg and McClelland (1989) model merits closer inspection; we think the model stands up quite well. The model correctly simulates a broad range of behavioral phenomena; its performance departs from that of people in ways that are predictable from an understanding of limitations of the implementation. These limitations do not call into question any of the basic assumptions of the model. Size of the Training Corpus Besner et al. (1990) noted that the model does not perform as well as people on nonwords. They are correct. People know more than the model. The principal difference between the model and people is that whereas people's vocabularies are on the order of 30,000 words, the model's vocabulary is 2,897. This factor limits nonword performance. The model's performance on any given word is largely determined by the number of exposures to it during the training phase. There are also small effects due to neighbors sharing the same word body (e.g., GAVE/SAVE), as in the behavioral data we simulated. As the frequency of exposure to a word decreases, dependence on the neighbors increases. In the limit—a nonword on which the model has not been trained—performance is wholly determined by the neighbors. Hence, the limit on the size of the training corpus has a large effect on nonwords but very little effect on words. That is why our simulations focused on words. We examined the model's performance on three sets of nonwords: those used by Glushko (1979, Experiment 2), those used by McCann and Besner (1987), and a set derived from the regular and exception words used in the Taraban and McClelland (1987) study (see Seidenberg & McClelland, 1989, Figures 1214). Besner et al. (1990) noted that the model performs poorly on the Glushko nonwords. The problem items are listed in Table 1. The first point to note is that there is an ambiguity in how
Latitudinal variation of perturbation electric fields during magnetically disturbed periods - 1986 Sundial observations and model results

F-region incoherent scatter radar drift observations from Millstone Hill and Jicamarca, h-prime F observations from Huancayo, and high latitude ground-magnetometer measurements taken during the Sundial 1986 campaign are used to study the relationship between plasmaspheric electric field perturbations and high latitude currents during disturbed periods. The observations are in good agreement with numerical results from a Rice Covection Model run that involved a sharp increase in the polar cap potential drop followed by a subsequent decrease. The zonal disturbance electric field pattern is latitude independent, and the corresponding amplitudes change approximately as L exp n (where n is about 1.5). The meridional electric field patterns and amplitudes have larger latitudinal variations. The mid-, low, and equatorial electric fields from the Rice Convection Model are in good agreement with previous results from the semianalytic, Senior-Blanc (1987) model. Also discussed are three physical mechanisms (over-shielding, fossil winds, and magnetic reconfiguration) that contribute to the long lasting (1-2 h) equatorial zonal electric field perturbations associated with a sudden northward turning of the IMF. It is predicted that the penetration of high latitude electric fields to low latitudes should, in general, be closely related to the rate of motion of the shielding layer and the equatorward edge of the diffuse aurora.