Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACT OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE ON SURVIVORS: A CASE STUDY OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Child sexual abuse is a serious problem that has adverse sociocultural impact on survivors. The present study was aimed to find out the socio-cultural impact of child sexual abuse on survivors. The study was also aimed to find out the impact of stigma and maladjustment on survivors as well as to investigate the impact of disclosure and social support among child sexual abuse survivors. The nature of the study was qualitative and case study method was applied. The population of the study was child sexual abuse survivors from Punjab, Province. The multi-stage sampling technique was applied for the selection of districts, courts and respondents. At first and second stage, districts and courts were selected by using simple random sampling technique. At third stage, the respondents were selected by convenient sampling technique. The study was comprised of 10 in-depth case studies, and pseudonym were used. The tool for data collection was semi-structured interview guide. The data was analyzed by thematic analysis. The study concluded that the survivors of child sexual abuse face several socio-cultural difficulties such as social maladjustment, hindrance in education, disclosure, stigmatization and revictimization. They also face the problems of family discordance and family breakdown. Keywords: Child Sexual Abuse, Survivors, Disclosure, Social Support, Revictimization, Punjab, Pakistan.
Effect of Different Processing Methods on Proximate and Mineral Compositions, and Concentrations of Some Anti-Nutritional Factors in Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Seeds

: Effect of Different Processing Methods of Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Seeds on the Proximate and Mineral Compositions, Concentrations of Some Anti-Nutritional Factors; and Performance of Broiler Chickens was evaluated. Raw Kidney bean seeds contained 90.29% DM, 25.96% CP, 2.49% CF, 2.20% E.E, 3.94% Ash and 65.49% NFE. Proximate composition was significantly affected (P<0.05) by the different processing methods. Potassium and Iron were the most abundant macro and micro minerals in Kidney bean seeds. There was a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the levels of phosphorus and magnesium when Kidney bean seeds were cooked for 60 minutes; sodium level was not affected by soaking in water for 48 hours and cooking for 60 minutes. Fermentation also resulted in significantly (P<0.05) the highest destruction of most of the anti-nutritional factors in Kidney bean seeds. Phytate and trypsin inhibitor were the most destroyed by cooking in water for 60 minutes. Soaking for 24 hours resulted in the destruction of 16.67% TIA, 5.45% phytate, 2.33% tannin, 16.13% oxalate and 1.91% HCN. Fermentation seemed to be most effective in getting rid of some of the TIA, HCN and tannin in Kidney bean seeds; while cooking in water for 60 minutes was most effective in destroying phytic acid. Soaking for 24 hours and then fermenting for 72 hours resulted in the destruction of 33.33% TIA, 34.93% HCN, 22.58% oxalate 16.28% tannin and 10.91% phytic acid. Apart from fermentation, and cooking for 60 minutes; soaking for 48 hours also appeared to be a promising method for processing Kidney bean seeds.
Ophthalmological Symptom Presentations in Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases - A Cross-sectional Study from South India

Introduction Ophthalmological symptoms are common in ear, nose and throat (ENT) conditions. Orbital involvement and ophthalmological presentations may be indicative of the extensive and aggressive nature of the pathology. This study evaluated the causes of various ophthalmological presentations in relation to primary ENT diseases in patients attending the ENT Department of a government tertiary referral teaching hospital. Materials and Methods Sixty patients with ophthalmological presentations arising out of primary ENT diseases were assessed in detail. Comprehensive physical, ophthalmological and ENT examinations were done. Ophthalmological and ENT diagnoses, treatment details, outcome and complications if any were also noted. Results Most number of patients were in the age group 51 to 60 years (14; 23.4%). Most common ophthalmological symptom was periorbital oedema (51.6%) followed by epiphora (48.3%); the most common ENT symptom was headache (50%) followed by nasal discharge (48.3%). Most common diagnosis among patients was sinusitis (46.7%) followed by mucocele (21.7%). Most common (47%) otorhinological diagnosis associated with proptosis in this study was infections in the form of orbital cellulitis or abscess associated with sinusitis. Majority (43, 71.7%) of the study sample had surgical management. Conclusion This study reiterates the need for a high index of suspicion from the part of the ophthalmologist to look beyond eye diseases as causes for ophthalmological presentations and from the part of otorhinolaryngologist to be aware of various non-ENT symptoms secondary to ear, throat and nose diseases. A close collaboration between the ophthalmology and ENT departments is essential in successful management of such patients.
Rate of COVID Positivity among Admission Screening in Governmental Hospital with Correlation of Ct Value & Outcome among Positive Cases

Background: There is limited evidence regarding the utility of testing individuals who are asymptomatic, such asymptomatic COVID-19 individuals tend to have higher Ct-value and tend to have better prognosis.The aim of this study is to illustrate the rate of positivity among admission screening to SMC & study their outcome and compare the age, sex and Ct-value of asymptomatic COVID-19 individuals with their counterpart symptomatic hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Method: Retrospective observational analysis of all patients admitted to SMC during one month study period. Results: During the study period, total of 3101 patients were admitted to SMC, out of which 396 were referred as symptomatic COVID-19 patients, while among the remaining (2705) admitted patients they were all asymptomatic for SARS-CoV-2 infections but screened at the time of admission to the hospital by PCR testing, out of which 21 patients only turned to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 infections (<1%). Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, advance age found to be strong predictor of disease severity & mortality, while lower Ct-Value found to be strong predictor of disease severity, but not of mortality. Sex was not found to be predictor of disease severity or mortality among our hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Discussion & Conclusion: Rate of positivity among admission screening in SMC was very low. Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, advance age & lower Ct-value on admission found to be strong predictor of disease severity, further studies are needed before generalization of the application of Ct-Value as surrogate marker for disease severity.
Flat plate boundary layer accelerated by shock wave propagation

Abstract The flat plate transitional boundary layer response to the acceleration induced by the shock wave propagation is studied using large-eddy simulations. The steady boundary layer global behaviour is first investigated before focusing on the transient response of a turbulent region following the shock wave propagation. It is shown that the transient response of the turbulent region exhibits strong similarities with the spatial transition process to turbulence induced by free-stream turbulence, the so-called bypass transition. The boundary layer does not evolve gradually from the initial turbulence intensity to the final turbulence intensity but undergoes a temporal transition process composed of three distinct phases. These three different phases are comparable with the three stages of a bypass transition (i.e. buffeted laminar flow, transition and fully turbulent) because they are governed by the same physical processes. On the other hand, it is highlighted that this temporal response is identical to that described by He & Seddighi (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 715, 2013, pp. 60–102) during the study of an incompressible boundary layer undergoing an increase of mass flow rate. The boundary layer compression by the shock propagation does not contribute to any significant change in the turbulence dynamic after an unsteady acceleration.
Bacteroides fragilis Maintains Concurrent Capability for Anaerobic and Nanaerobic Respiration

By performing a comprehensive analysis of nanaerobic respiration in Bacteroides fragilis, we show that this organism maintains capabilities for anaerobic respiration on fumarate and nanaerobic respiration on oxygen simultaneously. The contribution of the two NADH:quinone oxidoreductases and the composition of the quinone pool are the same under both conditions. ABSTRACT Bacteroides species can use fumarate and oxygen as terminal electron acceptors during cellular respiration. In the human gut, oxygen diffuses from intestinal epithelial cells supplying “nanaerobic” oxygen levels. Many components of the anaerobic respiratory pathway have been determined, but such analyses have not been performed for nanaerobic respiration. Here, we present genetic, biochemical, enzymatic, and mass spectrometry analyses to elucidate the nanaerobic respiratory pathway in Bacteroides fragilis. Under anaerobic conditions, the transfer of electrons from NADH to the quinone pool has been shown to be contributed by two enzymes, NQR and NDH2. We find that the activity contributed by each under nanaerobic conditions is 77 and 23%, respectively, similar to the activity levels under anaerobic conditions. Using mass spectrometry, we show that the quinone pool also does not differ under these two conditions and consists of a mixture of menaquinone-8 to menaquinone-11, with menaquinone-10 predominant under both conditions. Analysis of fumarate reductase showed that it is synthesized and active under anaerobic and nanaerobic conditions. Previous RNA sequencing data and new transcription reporter assays show that expression of the cytochrome bd oxidase gene does not change under these conditions. Under nanaerobic conditions, we find both increased CydA protein and increased cytochrome bd activity. Reduced-minus-oxidized spectra of membranes showed the presence of heme d when the bacteria were grown in the presence of protoporphyrin IX and iron under both anaerobic and nanaerobic conditions, suggesting that the active oxidase can be assembled with or without oxygen. IMPORTANCE By performing a comprehensive analysis of nanaerobic respiration in Bacteroides fragilis, we show that this organism maintains capabilities for anaerobic respiration on fumarate and nanaerobic respiration on oxygen simultaneously. The contribution of the two NADH:quinone oxidoreductases and the composition of the quinone pool are the same under both conditions. Fumarate reductase and cytochrome bd are both present, and which of these terminal enzymes is active in electron transfer depends on the availability of the final electron acceptor: fumarate or oxygen. The synthesis of cytochrome bd and fumarate reductase under both conditions serves as an adaptation to an environment with low oxygen concentrations so that the bacteria can maximize energy conservation during fluctuating environmental conditions or occupation of different spatial niches.
Repurposing Tamoxifen as Potential Host-Directed Therapeutic for Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is the world's most lethal infectious disease caused by a bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This pathogen evades the immune defenses of its host and grows intracellularly in immune cells, particularly inside macrophages. ABSTRACT The global burden of tuberculosis (TB) is aggravated by the continuously increasing emergence of drug resistance, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic options. The concept of host-directed therapy (HDT) as adjunctive to classical antibacterial therapy with antibiotics represents a novel and promising approach for treating TB. Here, we have focused on repurposing the clinically used anticancer drug tamoxifen, which was identified as a molecule with strong host-directed activity against intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Using a primary human macrophage Mtb infection model, we demonstrate the potential of tamoxifen against drug-sensitive as well as drug-resistant Mtb bacteria. The therapeutic effect of tamoxifen was confirmed in an in vivo TB model based on Mycobacterium marinum infection of zebrafish larvae. Tamoxifen had no direct antimicrobial effects at the concentrations used, confirming that tamoxifen acted as an HDT drug. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the antimycobacterial effect of tamoxifen is independent of its well-known target the estrogen receptor (ER) pathway, but instead acts by modulating autophagy, in particular the lysosomal pathway. Through RNA sequencing and microscopic colocalization studies, we show that tamoxifen stimulates lysosomal activation and increases the localization of mycobacteria in lysosomes both in vitro and in vivo, while inhibition of lysosomal activity during tamoxifen treatment partly restores mycobacterial survival. Thus, our work highlights the HDT potential of tamoxifen and proposes it as a repurposed molecule for the treatment of TB. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis (TB) is the world's most lethal infectious disease caused by a bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This pathogen evades the immune defenses of its host and grows intracellularly in immune cells, particularly inside macrophages. There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies because treatment of TB patients is increasingly complicated by rising antibiotic resistance. In this study, we explored a breast cancer drug, tamoxifen, as a potential anti-TB drug. We show that tamoxifen acts as a so-called host-directed therapeutic, which means that it does not act directly on the bacteria but helps the host macrophages combat the infection more effectively. We confirmed the antimycobacterial effect of tamoxifen in a zebrafish model for TB and showed that it functions by promoting the delivery of mycobacteria to digestive organelles, the lysosomes. These results support the high potential of tamoxifen to be repurposed to fight antibiotic-resistant TB infections by host-directed therapy.
Learned Bi-Directional Motion Prediction for Video Compression

Motion estimation is a key component to remove the temporal redundancy in video compression. It is well-known that bi-directional motion estimation outperforms sequential motion estimation because of its capability to use both forward and backward reference frames. Previous approaches perform a coarse motion prediction operation to further remove motion spatial redundancy, which heavily rely on the regularity of the motion. However, most motions in natural video sequences are extremely complicated and objects usually move irregularly. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a fine motion prediction network by learning an importance map between the bi-directional references. Our designed network can generate more accurate prediction of the motion, yielding less residual. And it is also universal for videos with complex and irregular motions. Both objective and subjective quality results validate the effectiveness of our approach.
Subaru K-Band Spectroscopy of Low-Mass Protostars in Taurus

We present K-band spectra of five Class I objects in the Taurus molecular cloud. The high-sensitivity and high-spatial resolution observations using the Subaru Telescope enabled us to detect the emission lines of Brγ and H2 in four and two objects, respectively, and photospheric absorption lines in two objects. From the absorption lines, the effective temperature, stellar luminosity, and the amount of veiling were estimated for the two objects (IRAS 04016+2610 and IRAS 04248+2612). We conclude that the amount of circumstellar emission is much higher in IRAS 04016 (rK = 7-10) than IRAS 04248 (rK ~ 2), while the stellar properties are similar between the two objects. Apart from the stellar spectra, the nebular spectra were obtained for IRAS 04016 and IRAS 04248. The reflection nebulae of the Class I objects were verified from a spectroscopic viewpoint for the first time: we found that the nebular spectra are explained as the scattered light from the central young stellar objects with the difference of the line-of-sight extinction between the star and nebula, ΔAV ~ 2-9 mag.
Use of Markov Chains in Analysing Changes in the Size of Manufacturing Establishmentin Kuwait over Time

Changes in industrial structure has occupied the thinking of many industrial economists for a long time. We may mention the pioneer work by Adelman (1958), Hart (1962); Archer and McCuire (1965) and Engwall (1970) and (1973). The movement of size of establishment in manufacturing industry over the cycle, which is usually 4-5 years, was not the subject of extensive research as those matters relating to growth, concentration and competition.
Money-Income Causality: A Vector Error Correction Analysis

The pioneering work of Sims (1972) has inspired many empirical studies of the money-income relationship. The key theoretical issue is whether changes in the nominal stock of money cause subsequent changes in nominal output. If empirical evidence is found in support of this position, then monetary policy becomes a powerful tool in the arsenal of economic stabilization. Much of the empiricai investigation of this issue has been undertaken within the confines of Granger (1969) causality testing framework. Sims (1972) finds a unidirectional causal flow from money to income in the U.S. Sims uses arbitrary lag selection in his analysis of the money-income relationship in the U.S. Analyzing the Canadian data, Hsiao (1979) finds feedback between the Mi money supply and GNP while a unidirectional causal flow from money to income is found to exist when the M2 money supply is used as the measure of money. Hsiao (1981) reports the same empirical results while analyzing the U.S. money and income data. Biswas and Saunders (1988) provide further empirical evidence on the moneyincome relationship in the U.S. Their study uses Hsiao’s (1979, 1981) minimum final prediction error approach in the causality testing as well as an arbitrarylag selection technique. When the monetarybase is used as the measure of money, a unidirectional causal flow from money to GDP is found to exist. A bi-directional causality is reported when the money supply is approximated by Mi and Ni2. The overall causality implications are also found to be influenced by thelag selection in causality tests. Similar results with respect to the lag selection in causality testing are repoited by Thornton and Batten (1985). Investigating the U.K. data, Williams, Goodhart, and Gowland (1976) find empirical evidence of causal flow from nominal income to money.
An Investigation of the Moderating Effects of National Culture Values on the Interaction Between Job Insecurity and Employability on Employee Outcomes

This study investigated the combined effects of national culture and perceptions of employability on relationships between job insecurity and work and non-work outcomes for individual employees. Data from 28,674 participants in 35 nations were obtained from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey. Results showed that nation-level differences in individualism/collectivism (I/C), uncertainty avoidance (UA), and masculinity/femininity (M/F) accounted for variation in the degree to which perceptions of employability buffered the negative effects of job insecurity on job satisfaction, work engagement, and subjective well-being. Among more collectivist cultures, employability did less to minimize the effects of job insecurity on job satisfaction than in more individualistic cultures. Employability also had a weaker effect on buffering the consequences of job insecurity for job satisfaction and work engagement when cultural uncertainty avoidance was higher. And across all three outcome measures, higher levels of job insecurity combined with lower perceptions of employability were consistently more detrimental to individuals in more masculine cultures. Results support the prevailing theory regarding the mechanisms underlying the effects of job insecurity on individuals and suggest several important practical implications for managing a global workforce.
Turbulent vortex breakdown

Reported herein is a cone‐shaped turbulent vortex breakdown in noncavitating swirling flows at high Reynolds numbers in a slightly diverging cylindrical tube. The turbulent conical form is in addition to the well‐known double‐helix, spiral, and nearly axisymmetric or ‘‘bubble’’‐type breakdowns.
Chromospheric Activity in Dwarf and Evolved Late A- and Early F-Type Stars

Chromospheric activity in late A- and early F-type field stars of luminosity classes III through V has been investigated using the helium D3 absorption feature. This feature shows a detection boundary near b - y = 0.19 (B - V = 0.29). This color index corresponds to a dividing line in activity levels as determined from the C II λ1335 chromospheric emission line. On the red side of this boundary, stars exhibit strong or moderately strong C II emission and strong or moderately strong D3 absorption. However, on the blue side, D3 absorption does not conclusively appear, while several stars show moderately strong C II emission. The data suggest that D3 is sensitive to the boundary at B - V = 0.29, but they also suggest limitations in the use of D3 as an activity indicator in the late A-type stars. To within observational errors, the D3 boundary appears at the same color index for the full range of luminosity classes explored, in contradiction with some acoustic energy calculations. In addition, the strength of D3 absorption shows no significant trend with luminosity class or the Strömgren δc1 index, with a wide range of activity levels at a given luminosity or surface gravity.
Super-oscillatory optical needle

Super-oscillatory optical lenses have recently been shown to achieve subwavelength focusing and have been used for super-resolution imaging. However, the subwavelength hotspots created by these lenses are always accompanied by sidebands containing a significant fraction of the optical energy and are highly localised in the axial direction. Here, we report a class of super-oscillatory lenses that form extended subwavelength optical needles on a 15λ field of view.
Direct Measures of Inflationary Expectations: A Review of Selected Surveys and Related Problems

A difficulty associated with inflationary expectations is that this variable is not directly observable. To overcome this problem, researchers in the past have conducted public and professional opinion surveys to extract direct measures of expectations. The results of the surveys further were transformed into measurable quantities before they were published for the use as direct’ measures of expectations.
Distance measures for speech processing

The properties and interrelationships among four measures of distance in speech processing are theoretically and experimentally discussed. The root mean square (rms) log spectral distance, cepstral distance, likelihood ratio (minimum residual principle or delta coding (DELCO) algorithm), and a cosh measure (based upon two nonsymmetrical likelihood ratios) are considered. It is shown that the cepstral measure bounds the rms log spectral measure from below, while the cosh measure bounds it from above. A simple nonlinear transformation of the likelihood ratio is shown to be highly correlated with the rms log spectral measure over expected ranges. Relationships between distance measure values and perception are also considered. The likelihood ratio, cepstral measure, and cosh measure are easily evaluated recursively from linear prediction filter coefficients, and each has a meaningful and interrelated frequency domain interpretation. Fortran programs are presented for computing the recursively evaluated distance measures.