Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distinct natural syllable-selective neuronal ensembles in the primary auditory cortex of awake marmosets

Marmosets are highly social non-human primates living in families. They exhibit rich vocalization, but neural basis underlying complex vocal communication is largely unknown. Here we report the existence of specific neuronal ensembles in marmoset A1 that respond selectively to distinct monosyllable or disyllable calls made by conspecific marmosets. These neurons were spatially dispersed within A1 but distinct from those responsive to pure tones. Syllable-selective responses were markedly diminished when individual domains of the syllable were deleted or the domain sequence was altered, indicating the importance of global rather than local spectral-temporal properties of the sound. Disyllable-selective responses also disappeared when the sequence of the two monosyllable components was reversed or their interval was extended beyond 1 second. Light anesthesia largely abolished disyllable-selective responses. Our findings demonstrate extensive inhibitory and facilitory interactions among syllable-evoked responses, and provide the basis for further study of circuit mechanisms underlying vocal communication in awake non-human primates.
Objective evaluation of surface- and satellite-driven carbon dioxide atmospheric inversions

Abstract. We study an ensemble of six multi-year global Bayesian carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) atmospheric inversions that vary in terms of assimilated observations (either column retrievals from one of two satellites or surface air sample measurements) and transport model. The time series of inferred annual fluxes are first compared with each other at various spatial scales. We then objectively evaluate the small inversion ensemble based on a large dataset of accurate aircraft measurements in the free troposphere over the globe, which are independent of all assimilated data. The measured variables are connected with the inferred fluxes through mass-conserving transport in the global atmosphere and are part of the inversion results. Large-scale annual fluxes estimated from the bias-corrected land retrievals of the second Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) differ greatly from the prior fluxes, but are similar to the fluxes estimated from the surface network within the uncertainty of these surface-based estimates. The OCO-2-based and surface-based inversions have similar performance when projected in the space of the aircraft data, but the relative strengths and weaknesses of the two flux estimates vary within the northern and tropical parts of the continents. The verification data also suggest that the more complex and more recent transport model does not improve the inversion skill. In contrast, the inversion using bias-corrected retrievals from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) or, to a larger extent, a non-Bayesian inversion that simply adjusts a recent bottom-up flux estimate with the annual growth rate diagnosed from marine surface measurements both estimate much different fluxes and fit the aircraft data less. Our study highlights a way to rate global atmospheric inversions. Without any general claim regarding the usefulness of all OCO-2 retrieval datasets vs. all GOSAT retrieval datasets, it still suggests that some satellite retrievals can now provide inversion results that are, despite their uncertainty, comparable with respect to credibility to traditional inversions using the accurate but sparse surface network and that are therefore complementary for studies of the global carbon budget.
Patients' rights in an underserved Nigerian environment: A cross-sectional study of attitude and practice orientation of medical professionals in Abia State

BACKGROUND: Globally, medical care have an age long history, but the rights of patients are more recent and occupy front burner in the quality of care metrics and medical jurisprudence and are on the rise, particularly in emerging and developing economies. AIM: The study was aimed at describing the attitude and practice of patients' rights among medical professionals in Abia State, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive study was carried out on a cross-section of 185 medical practitioners in Abia State, Nigeria. Data collection was done using pretested, self-administered questionnaire that elicits information on awareness, attitude, and practice of basic patients' rights. Each item of attitude and practice of patients' rights was scored on a five-point Likert scale ordinal responses of all-times, most-times, sometimes, rarely, and none. Attitude and practice of patient's rights were assessed in the previous 1 year. RESULTS: The age of the participants ranged from 28 to 71 years. There were 166 males and 19 females. All the participants were aware of the patient's rights. The overall positive attitude to patients' rights was 87.3% with the most common positive attitudinal orientation being right to confidentiality (100.0%), and the least was right to know the identity/professional status of the physician (52.4%). The overall practice of patient rights was 85.8% with the most commonly practiced being right to confidentiality (100.0%) and the least was right to know the identity/professional status of the physician (51.4%). Attitude (P = 0.037) and practice (P = 0.048) of the right to know the identity/professional status of the physician were significantly associated with >10 years of medical practice. CONCLUSION: The level of awareness of patient's rights was very high but did not translate to comparative overall positive attitude and practice orientation. Patient rights should be the focus of intensive continuing medical education and professional development in addition to greater administrative and governmental support, especially in developing economies where there are limited options to safeguard patients' rights.
Change detection system design using stereo vision for countering improvised explosive devices

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The influence of pregnancy on BehÇet's disease

Behcet’s disease is a multisystem disorder that affects mainly young adults. Conflicting reports of the effects of pregnancy on the course of Behcet’s disease have been reported. We studied 27 pregnant women with Behcet’s disease using questionnaires, clinical examination, and laboratory tests. The condition of 18 patients worsened (66.7%) and 9 patients (33.3%) improved during pregnancy. In the deteriorated group, clinical exacerbation of Behcet’s disease occurred most commonly during the first trimester (77.8%). They were primarily of the suspected or mucocutaneous type, while in the improved group, the majority of patients were of the incomplete and complete type, or the arthritic and ocular type. Of interest was the fact that all patients in the improved group showed exacerbations related to menstruation or postpartum, which indicated that progesterone may be the major hormone influencing the course of Behcet’s disease.
Exosome/microvesicle content is altered in leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 mutant induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neural cells

Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes/microvesicles (EMVs), have been described as sensitive biomarkers that represent disease states and response to therapies. In light of recent reports of disease‐mirroring EMV molecular signatures, the present study profiled two EMVs from different Parkinson's disease (PD) tissue sources: (a) neural progenitor cells derived from an endogenous adult stem/progenitor cell, called adult human neural progenitor (AHNP) cells, that we found to be pathological when isolated from postmortem PD patients' substantia nigra; and (b) leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene identified patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which were used to isolate EMVs and begin to characterize their cargoes. Initial characterization of EMVs derived from idiopathic patients (AHNPs) and mutant LRRK2 patients showed differences between both phenotypes and when compared with a sibling control in EMV size and release based on Nanosight analysis. Furthermore, molecular profiling disclosed that neurodegenerative‐related gene pathways altered in PD can be reversed using gene‐editing approaches. In fact, the EMV cargo genes exhibited normal expression patterns after gene editing. This study shows that EMVs have the potential to serve as sensitive biomarkers of disease state in both idiopathic and gene‐identified PD patients and that following gene‐editing, EMVs reflect a corrected state. This is relevant for both prodromal and symptomatic patient populations where potential responses to therapies can be monitored via non‐invasive liquid biopsies and EMV characterizations.
Abdominal Approach for Vesicovaginal Fistulas: Outcomes and Risk Factors for Failure

Introduction: We retrospectively examined surgical outcomes for Vesicovaginal Fistulas (VVF) repaired through an abdominal, transperitoneal approach. Failure of VVF repair was defined as any urine leakage from the repaired fistula tract after hospital discharge. Materials and methods: Thirty-three abdominal VVF repairs were identified. Mean patient age was 46 years and mean fistula size was 2 cm. The most common etiology and location of fistula were hysterectomy (76%) and trigone (51%). Results: Over a mean of 12 months follow up, 25 of the fistulas (76%) were successfully closed after the initial attempt. Failure of VVF repair occurred more commonly in patients with new post-operative OAB symptoms (OR 7.3, p = 0.03). There were trends toward failure in patients using tobacco (OR 5.3, p = 0.06) and with preoperative comorbidities potentially affecting wound healing (OR 5.3, p = 0.06). Conclusion: Abdominal VVF repair is an effective technique for VVF repair.
Presence of Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. in poultry and environmental samples from farm to retail in Hungary

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella enterica and its most important serovars Salmonella Infantis, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Campylobacter spp. in the broiler meat production chain. Altogether 110 pooled samples were analysed; environment, cloaca, body surface at the farm, then carcass, offal, and packed meat from the slaughterhouse. The combination of redox potential measurement and real-time PCR was used for the detection of the microbes. At the farm, the first Salmonella positive result came from the water system, then it appeared in most of the samples. In contrast to the absence of Salmonella on the birds’ body surface before transportation, by the end of the processing it had reached 100%, with the only identifiable serovar being S. Infantis (65%). All packed meat samples showed positivity, from which 70% was S. Infantis. Campylobacter appeared at the farm on the 3 rd week and remained significant during the breeding. After the slaughtering process, the contamination was 100% in the carcass, offal, and packaged meat samples. Our results demonstrated the success of the Salmonella control program, by the low prevalence of S. Typhimurium and Enteritidis.
Adjunctive IV tranexamic acid versus topical tranexamic acid application of the placental bed for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in women with placenta previa: a randomized controlled trial

Obstetric haemorrhage is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Haemorrhage following delivery is the leading reason for an obstetric admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and it is responsible for about 30% all pregnancy-related deaths in both highand low-income countries. Most of the deaths occur soon after giving birth and almost all (99%) occur in low-income and middle-income countries. Placenta previa is defined as the presence of placental tissue over or adjacent to the cervical os. Traditionally, four variations of placenta previa were recognized, complete, partial, marginal, and low lying. ABSTRACT
Assessment of Nurse's Knowledge about Nursing Management for Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy in Elmak Nimer University Hospital

Assessment of Nurse's Knowledge about Nursing Management for Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy in Elmak Nimer University Hospital اعداد / صفاء مساعد قمرالدين ؛اشراف د. السيد عثمان السيد . - جامعة شندي : شندي ، 46 ورقة . 2016م ( بحث تكميلي لنيل ماجستير التمريض )
Primary thyroid lymphoma: CT findings of a rare malignant tumor with pathologic correlations

Background: To investigate the CT features of primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL). Methods: Clinical features and CT findings of 35 PTL cases were retrospectively analyzed. This series included 24 females (68.6%) and 11 males (31.4%). The median age was 65 years (range: 23–84 years). PTL cases were divided into type-1A (single nodule), type-1B (multiple nodules), and type-2 (diffused type). The clinical and imaging characteristics of PTL were assessed. Results: All cases were Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was verified pathologically in 23 patients. Two cases were type-1A, two cases were type-1B, and 31 cases were type-2. Type-1 PTL presented as one or multiple well defined nodules without calcification and necrosis, with homogeneous iso- or slightly low-attenuation relative to the sternocleidomastoid muscle on contrast enhanced CT. Type-2 PTL presented as a diffused lesion, also with homogeneous iso- or slightly lowattenuation relative to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and mostly was enhanced to moderate extent on contrast-enhanced CT. In type-2 cases, calcification and necrosis were detected in four and five patients respectively. Type-1 PTL did not show invasive features, but type-2 PTL tended to invade adjacent structures (n=20, 57.1%). Conclusions: PTL can present as two types based on CT feature. Type-1 appear as a nodule or multiple nodules with homogeneous isodensity to muscle, type-2 tend to be a mass with homogeneous isodensity to muscle, which is likely to demonstrate invasive feature.
Quantifying the Effect of Catalysts on the Lifetime of Transformer Oil

The effect of catalysts in the form of a transformer copper winding with Kraft paper insulation on the lifetime of transformer oil was studied via ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The tested naphthenic mineral oil was exposed to accelerated thermo-oxidative aging with limited access to air at temperatures of 110, 120, and 130 °C for times ranging from 24 to 2424 h in the presence and absence of catalysts. The UV-Vis technique focused on assessing the change in the color of the oil and quantified a 35%–45% reduction in oil lifetime, depending on the aging temperature, due to the influence of catalysts. The FT-IR analysis focused on the decrease in the spectral band at 3650 cm−1, which corresponds to the low-temperature antioxidant present in the oil, and quantified the 35% reduction in the oil lifetime independent of the aging temperature. This high rate of reduction in the transformer oil lifetime points to the dominant catalytic role of the Kraft paper and copper during the aging process of the transformer insulation system.
A unified model of species abundance, genetic diversity, and functional diversity reveals the mechanisms structuring ecological communities

Biodiversity accumulates hierarchically by means of ecological and evolutionary processes and feedbacks. Reconciling the relative importance of these processes is hindered by current theory, which tends to focus on a single spatial, temporal or taxonomic scale. We introduce a mechanistic model of community assembly, rooted in classic island biogeography theory, which makes temporally explicit joint predictions across three biodiversity data axes: i) species richness and abundances; ii) population genetic diversities; and iii) trait variation in a phylogenetic context. We demonstrate that each data axis captures information at different timescales, and that integrating these axes enables discriminating among previously unidentifiable community assembly models. We combine our massive eco-evolutionary synthesis simulations (MESS) with supervised machine learning to fit the parameters of the model to real data and infer processes underlying how biodiversity accumulates, using communities of tropical trees, arthropods, and gastropods as case studies that span a range of spatial scales.
Feedback passification of switched stochastic time‐delay systems with multiple disturbances via DOBC

This paper is concerned with the problem of feedback passification for switched stochastic time‐delay systems with multiple disturbances subject to mode‐dependent average dwell‐time switching. The multiple disturbances are composed of two parts: one is given through an exogenous system and the other is described in the form of norm‐bounded vector. A disturbance observer is constructed to estimate an exogenous disturbance. Then, a state feedback controller that includes the estimation value is designed to guarantee the passivity of the closed‐loop system. The observer and controller gains are developed via linear matrix inequalities. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through a numerical example and an application example to PWM‐driven boost converter.
The Three-Minute-Rehearsal Cycle of Enactment and Investigation: Preservice Secondary Mathematics Teachers Learning to Elicit and Use Evidence of Student Thinking

In the last decade, mathematics teacher educators have begun to design learning opportunities for preservice mathematics teachers using a pedagogies-of-practice perspective. In particular, learning cycles provide a structure for engaging PSTs in learning to teach through the use of representations, approximations, and decompositions of practice (Grossman et al., 2009). In this article, we provide details of one learning cycle designed to support secondary mathematics preservice teachers' learning to elicit and use evidence of student thinking and pose purposeful questions (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2014). Through qualitative analyses conducted on learning reflections, we provide evidence of the impact on engagement of this cycle through the lens of the Framework for Learning to Teach (Hammerness et al., 2005).
Will an increase in landholding size reduce child labour in the presence of unemployment? A theoretical analysis

This paper builds an overlapping generations household economy model in a rural set up and examines the relationship between landholding and child labour in the presence of unemployment in the manufacturing sector. We find that irrespective of whether the parents work as agricultural labourers or work on their own land, an increase in landholding size leads to a decline in the child worker? s schooling in the short run and a decline in the growth rate of human capital formation in the long run, but may lead to an increase in steady state human capital in the long run.
Improving Cardiovascular Performance and Decreasing Perceived Exertion with Lactate Supplement

Peacock CA, Pollock BS, Burns, KL, Sanders, GJ, Glickman, EL. Improving Cardiovascular Performance and Decreasing Perceived Exertion with Lactate Supplement. JEPonline 2012;15(6):68-73. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a supplement containing Calcium Lactate, Magnesium Lactate Dihydrate, and Zinc Oxide (Muscle Sentry LLS, Cleveland, OH) (MS) versus a placebo (PLA) on physiological performance and muscle recovery. Twelve male subjects (23.7 ± 2.1 yrs) underwent an exercise protocol while ingesting a single dosage of both MS and PLA for two separate trials. Experimental testing was used to investigate the differences in maximum aerobic capacity (VO2 max), creatine kinase levels (CK), perceived exertion index (PEI), and blood flow (BF) during single dosage supplementation. Paired samples t-tests demonstrated a significant improvement in VO2 and PEI following MS supplementation when compared to PLA (P<0.05). Analysis of variance demonstrated a main effect for time (P<0.05) as BF increased during the exercise protocol but did not differ between supplementation. CK was not significantly different between conditions (P>0.05), however change scores demonstrated less muscle damage following MS ingestion. From these findings, it appears that MS supplementation resulted in increased performance and decreased the perceived difficulty of the exercise when compared to PLA.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SD NEGERI 7 SUNGAILIAT MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA TENTANG OPERASI HITUNG CAMPURAN MELALUI METODE DEMONSTRASI

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh keggiatan pembelajaran yang dilakukan masih kurang baik dan hanya mengedepankan ceramah dalam proses pengetahuan sosial di SD, sehingga hasil pembelajaran yang dilakukan kurang baik. dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan penggunaan metode demonstrasi dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 7 Sungailiat pada mata pelajaran maatematika materi operasional hitung campuran. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan 2 kali siklus perbaikan dalam pembelajaran. subjek yang digunakan yakni pelaku pembelajaran atau guru mata pelajaran matematika kemudian subjeknya adalah siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 7 Sungailiat semester 1. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi, teknik wawancara, dan teknik dokumentasi. Dari penelitian didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut: Nilai rata-rata pada tahap prasiklus 55, Pada siklus I 65, dan pada siklus II 80. Ketuntasan belajar siswa siswa pada tahap prasiklus 8 orang siswa ( 38%), pada siklus I 16 orang siswa ( 76 % ) dan pada siklus II 21 orang siswa ( 100% ). Keaktifan siswa pada prasiklus 8 orang siswa ( 38% ), siklus II 16 orang ( 76%) dan pada siklus II 20 orang siswa ( 95% ). Kualaitas proses pembelajaran meningkat, seiring meningkatnya ketrampilan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran.Dari hasil pelaksanaan Penelitian Tindalan Kelas, Siklus Pertama dan Kedua, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode demontrasi dapat meningkatkan prestasi prestasi belajar Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri 7 Sungailat Mata Pelajaran Matematika Tentang operasi Hitung Campuran
Lumbosacral injection of lidocaine, detomidine and lidocaine–detomidine in goats: anti-nociceptive effects and changes on haematobiochemical parameters

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to compare the analgesic effects and haematobiochemical changes produced by the administration of lidocaine, detomidine and lidocaine–detomidine combination in the epidural space of goats. All goats were assigned to all of the three different epidural treatments using a balanced crossover design with two-weeks washout period. Nociception was investigated by pinprick; times to the onset and duration of anti-nociception in the perineal region were demonstrated. Incoordination, ataxia and analgesic effects were carefully observed and recorded according to the scoring system. The blood samples for haematological and biochemical changes were collected at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min post-treatment. Our results showed that detomidine treatment produced a highly significant (P < 0.01) and (P < 0.0001) earlier onset time than lidocaine and lidocaine–detomidine combination, respectively. Detomidine treatment had a significantly longer duration of analgesia than lidocaine (P < 0.01) and lidocaine–detomidine combination (P < 0.0001) treatments. Moreover, all treatments showed no effect on haematological or biochemical parameters, with no obvious systemic effects. In conclusion, administering a detomidine provided a longer duration of analgesia and a useful level of systemic sedation in goats.