Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of the biomechanical performance determining factors of the 5 iron golf swing when hitting for maximum distance

Golf is a very popular sport with approximately 289,120 people playing golf in Ireland(European Golf Association, 2008). The amount of scientific research that has been conducted into the biomechanics of the golfer and club is limited, with the majority of the research focusing on the golf drive. The purpose of this study was to identify the biomechanical performance determining factors of the 5-iron golf swing when hitting for maximum distance. Golfer joint kinematics, club swing characteristics and weight transfer data were obtained from thirty male golfers. This data was collected using a twelve camera (250 Hz) motion analysis system (Vicon, Oxford Metrics, UK), Pro V Swing Analyser (Golftek, USA) and a pressure plate (100 Hz) (RSscan Lab Ltd., UK). Participants were divided into two groups, based on their ball launch speed (high vs. low). Those in the high ball speed group were deemed to be the more skillful group. Statistical analysis was used to identify the variables which differed significantly between the two groups, and could therefore be classified as the performance determining factors. Eight key events were identified during the swing for analysis (take away, mid backswing, late backswing, top of backswing, early downswing, mid downswing, ball contact and mid follow through). Significant differences were found between the two groups for club speed, club impact point, the majority of the measured joint angles and angular velocities (X Factor, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip and knee) and weight transfer at a number of the key events. Two mechanisms are proposed to explain the greater generation of ball speed in the high ball speed group and these are discussed in relation to the results for the individual joint kinematics.
Effekt på trafikolyckor av rekommenderad och påkallad användning av varselljus i Finland

Undersokningens syfte har varit att utifran den finska trafikolycksstatistiken belysa effekten av tand fordonsbelysning under dagsljusforhallanden - s k varselljus - pa trafikolyckor.Att den finska .
Influence of Aging on Surface EMG Signals Generated Under Sustained Fixed Load Contraction

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of aging on muscular activity of older subjects under the condition of fixed load muscle contraction. SEMG signals were recorded from old (46 women) and young (45 women) groups performing sustained isometric elbow flexion contraction with a fixed load during 30 seconds. Linear regression and mean square error (MSE) analysis with four characteristic variables (ARV, RMS, MDF, MNF) were used to compare the age-related difference (of local muscle fatigue and fluctuation of the amplitude and frequency) in the SEMG signal. The main results can be summarized as follows: During sustained muscle contraction with a fixed load: i) the MSE values of amplitude (ARV, RMS) and frequency (MDF, MNF) variables were more than 30% higher for the young than for the old adults; ii) the measures of local muscle fatigue (slope of the MDF and MNF) indicated greater fatigue in the old; and iii) the rate of increase of the SEMG amplitude was higher for the young than the old.
Assessing the strain experienced by managers and professional Australian footballers using an augmented job strain model

This thesis aimed to examine the strain experienced by managers and professional Australian footballers using a generic model of occupational stress, the Job Strain Model, that had been augmented by job-specific stressors. Three studies were undertaken and the results provided only moderate support for augmenting the Job Strain Model with job-specific stressors.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Experiment, monitoring, and gradient methods used to infer climate change effects on plant communities yield consistent patterns

Inference about future climate change impacts typically relies on one of three approaches: manipulative experiments, historical comparisons (broadly defined to include monitoring the response to ambient climate fluctuations using repeat sampling of plots, dendroecology, and paleoecology techniques), and space-for-time substitutions derived from sampling along environmental gradients. Potential limitations of all three approaches are recog- nized. Here we address the congruence among these three main approaches by comparing the degree to which tundra plant community composition changes ( i ) in response to in situ experimental warming, ( ii ) with interannual variability in summer temperature within sites, and ( iii ) over spatial gradients in summer temperature. We analyzed changes in plant community composi- tion from repeat sampling (85 plant communities in 28 regions) and experimental warming studies (28 experiments in 14 regions) throughout arctic and alpine North America and Europe. Increases in the relative abundance of species with a warmer thermal niche were observed in response to warmer summer temperatures using all three methods; however, effect sizes were greater over broad- scale spatial gradients relative to either temporal variability in summer temperature within a site or summer temperature in- creases induced by experimental warming. The effect sizes for change over time within a site and with experimental warming were nearly identical. These results support the view that inferences based on space-for-time substitution overestimate the mag- nitude of responses to contemporary climate warming, because spatial gradients reflect long-term processes. In contrast, in situ experimental warming and monitoring approaches yield consistent estimates of the magnitude of response of plant communities to climate warming.
Long-term outcomes of gastric cancer in a single small center: a retrospective analysis

Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term outcomes and short-term outcomes of gastric cancer patients who underwent surgical treatment in a small-sized single center by one surgeon. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 950 patients who underwent surgical treatment for gastric cancer between January 2000 and January 2010 at Dong-rae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea. A total of 820 patients were included and analyzed. We divided the time period into 2 groups: 2000–2005 (period 1) and 2006–2010 (period 2). Since all the surgeries were performed by one surgeon, we were able to analyze the changes in long-term outcomes as the individual surgeon volume accumulated. Results The mean follow-up period was 78.26 months. The overall survival and relapse-free survival rates of all patients were 84.6%, and 86.5%, respectively; the postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 12% and 0.36%, respectively. The relapse-free survival rate was higher in period 2 than in period 1 (82.9% versus 90.2%, p = 0.002) Conclusions Our study showed that the short-term outcomes and long-term outcomes of gastric cancer treatment in a small-sized hospital were comparable to those in large-sized hospitals. Accumulated individual surgeon volume was related to a high relapse-free survival rate.
Vertical dynamics of railway vehicle-track system

A comprehensive finite element (FE) model of railway vehicle-track system is developed to study the dynamic interaction between the vehicle and track. The vehicle is represented by a lumped parameter system. The track is modeled as a Timoshenko beam on discrete pad-tie-ballast supports. The tie is considered either as a rigid body or a non-uniform beam. The rail-pad and ballast are modeled as distributed spring-damper elements. The non-linear factors such as loss of wheel/rail contact, rail lift-off from the tie and tie lift-off from the ballast are taken into account. A cutting and merging method along with a set of special boundary conditions is established to extend finite length of track to infinitely long track so that a vehicle can be modeled to travel on the track indefinitely with a time-dependent speed. A numerical direct integration technique is employed to solve the equations of motions of the vehicle and track systems. An adaptive multi-point wheel/rail contact model is proposed and used to calculate the normal and geometrical longitudinal forces due to irregularities in the wheel/rail contact region. The developed FE model is validated using the experimental data obtained from British Rail and Canadian Pacific (CP) Rail. The FE results such as natural frequencies of concrete ties, the wheel/rail contact forces, the rail-pad forces and dynamic strains in the rail, generally show good correlation to the experimental data. The validated model is applied to investigate the characteristics of impact loads due to wheel/rail tread defects such as wheel flats, wheel shells and rail joints. The steady-state interaction between the vehicle and track, and the dynamic force due to rail corrugations are evaluated for high speed operation. The results of this study show that the impact load is maximum at the ties, and is strongly influenced by the axle load, vehicle speed, actual shape of the defect, and rail equivalent mass. Elastomeric shear pads on the wheelset bearing, and reduced rail-pad stiffness, can potentially reduce dynamic bearing force and tie dynamic load, respectively. The magnitude of resonant force for vehicle-track system in a steady-state interaction mainly depends on the unsprung mass, tie spacing, vehicle primary and track ballast damping, and rail stiffness. In the presence of rail corrugation, the energy consumption due to longitudinal force increases quadratically with the depth of rail corrugation. The dynamic contact forces at neighboring wheels are influenced by each other and the basic mechanism that control such an interaction is the superposition of the dynamic responses. Stable solution in the speed range 0 to 1440 km/h demonstrates the effectiveness of the model for high speed simulation.
Activated interferon signaling by down-regulation of CENP-N contributing to inhibited tumor growth in breast cancer

Background Centromere proteins (CENPs) are primary components for chromosomal segregation in the mitotic stage. CENP-N is a member of CENPs, and is a key factor for recruitment of other CENPs and formation of a link between the centromere and micro-tubules, which facilitate cell division. Methods In order to clarify the role of CENP-N in breast cancer, RNA sequences data were downloaded from TCGA online database and the CENP-N expression was knocked down in breast cancer cells. Results The results show that the expression of CENP-N was higher in breast cancer comparing with the paracancerous tissues. In breast cancer, patients with high expression of CENP-N have a short-term overall survival compared with low expression of CENP-N. Both in vitro and in vivo, the growth of breast cancer cells was inhibited by down-regulation of CENP-N. In the gene-chip analysis, it reveals that down-regulation of CENP-N is primarily associated with functions of immune response and anti-tumor ef-fects. Of these changed canonical pathways, the activated interferon signaling was the most significant in CENP-N down-regulated breast cancer cells. In the western blot as-say, up-regulated expressions of molecules involved in interferon signaling were also confirmed. Conclusions Our results suggest that CENP-N can be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of breast cancer, and the involved interferon signaling needs to be mainly fo-cused on. Keywords: CENP-N, Breast cancer, interferon signaling, Tumor growth
CAPITAL FLOWS TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE REFORM OF THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM

Recent financial crises, whose effects have been particularly severe in developing countries, have led to a wide-ranging debate on international financial reform. This debate has had to confront the implications of the huge growth of international capital movements, one of whose consequences has been the increased “privatization” of external financing for developing countries. The paper begins with surveys of major features of the post-war evolution of the system of governance of the international financial system and of the principal trends in capital flows to developing countries during the past three decades. These set the stage for a selective review of appropriate policy responses to international financial instability, with the main focus on proposals for remedying structural and institutional weaknesses in the global financial architecture through such means as greater transparency and improved disclosure, strengthened financial regulation and supervision, more comprehensive and even-handed multilateral policy surveillance, and bailing in the private sector by arrangements for orderly debt workouts. In view of the continuing absence of effective measures at the global level for dealing with financial instability, the paper puts special emphasis on the maintenance by developing countries of national autonomy regarding policy towards capital movements.
Cooperative control of a network of multi-vehicle unmanned systems

Development of unmanned systems network is currently among one of the most important areas of activity and research with implications in variety of disciplines, such as communications, controls, and multi-vehicle systems. The main motivation for this interest can be traced back to practical applications wherein direct human involvement may not be possible due to environmental hazards or the extraordinary complexity of the tasks. This thesis seeks to develop, design, and analyze techniques and solutions that would ensure and guarantee the fundamental stringent requirements that are envisaged for these dynamical networks. In this thesis, the problem of team cooperation is solved by using synthesis-based approaches. The consensus problem is defined and solved for a team of agents having a general linear dynamical model. Stability of the team is guaranteed by using modified consensus algorithms that are achieved by minimizing a set of individual cost functions. An alternative approach for obtaining an optimal consensus algorithm is obtained by invoking a state decomposition methodology and by transforming the consensus seeking problem into a stabilization problem. In another methodology, the game theory approach is used to formulate the consensus seeking problem in a "more" cooperative framework. For this purpose, a team cost function is defined and a min-max problem is solved to obtain a cooperative optimal solution. It is shown that the results obtained yield lower cost values when compared to those obtained by using the optimal control technique. In game theory and optimal control approaches that are developed based on state decomposition, linear matrix inequalities are used to impose simultaneously the decentralized nature of the problem as well as the consensus constraints on the designed controllers. Moreover, performance and stability properties of the designed cooperative team is analyzed in presence of actuator anomalies corresponding to three types of faults. Steady state behavior of the team members are analyzed under faulty scenarios. Adaptability of the team members to the above unanticipated circumstances is demonstrated and verified. Finally, the assumption of having a fixed and undirected network topology is relaxed to address and solve a more realistic and practical situation. It is shown that the stability and consensus achievement of the network with a switching structure and leader assignment can still be achieved. Moreover, by introducing additional criteria, the desirable performance specifications of the team can still be ensured and guaranteed.
Examining Nursing Fatigue Levels and Antecedents: An Integrative Literature Review

The existing literature demonstrates that work related fatigue can impede the delivery of quality nursing care. There is a need to document and develop fatigue mitigation strategies to protect nursing and patient safety. There is therefore a need to explore and investigate the different types of nursing fatigue, their antecedent factors, and the ideal fatigue management strategies. The focus on nursing fatigue is on their level and prevalence of lethargy and tiredness both on shift and while off shift. The study rationale was to devise strategies and avenues through which fatigue cannot only be mitigated but also proactively addressed. In developing the study, secondary data was used. This was through examining peer-reviewed articles. These were 630 form SCOPUS, 970 from CINAHL), and 247 MEDLINE.After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, only 36 of the articles were retained. Of these 36 articles, A majority were quantitative with the rest being either qualitative or adopting a mixed methodology design. Besides additional findings, the study demonstrated that some of the antecedents to nursing fatigue involve work structure and shift patterns, the nurses’ gender, culture, and personal attributes. There are three types of fatigue chronic, acute, and inter-shift. The occurrence and levels of fatigue for the three types was reported as varying from moderate to high. Regarding mitigation, there are three levels, namely the organization, team leader, and individual nurses where intervention is recommended. All stakeholders should contribute in managing and coping with nursing fatigue.
Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production: Principles and Applications

Anaerobic Biotechnology for Bioenergy Production: Principles and Applications provides the reader with basic principles of anaerobic processes alongside practical uses of anaerobic biotechnology. Anaerobic biotechnology is a cost-effective and sustainable means of treating waste and wastewaters that couples treatment processes with the reclamation of useful by-products and renewable biofuels. This book will be a valuable reference to any professional currently considering or working with anaerobic biotechnology options. INDICE: 1. Principles of Anaerobic Biotechnology. 2. Microbiology and Biochemistry of Anaerobic Biotechnology. 3. Environmental Factors. 4. Kinetics and Modeling in Anaerobic Processes. 5. Anaerobic Reactor Configurations. 6. Molecular Techniques in Anaerobic Biotechnology: Application in Bioenergy Generation. 7. Bioenergy Recovery from Sulfate-rich Waste Streams and Strategies for Sulfide Removal. 8. Bioenergy Generation from Residues of Biofuel Industries. 9. Biohydrogen Production: Fundamentals, Challenges and Operation Strategies for Enhanced Yield. 10. Microbial Fuel Cell: Novel Anaerobic Biotechnology for Energy Generation. 11. Pretreatment of High Solids Wastes/Residues to Enhance Bioenergy Recovery. 12. Biogas Processing and Utilization as an Energy Source
Essentials of utilization-focused evaluation

Preface Introduction Step 1. Assess and Build Program and Organizational Readiness for Utilization-Focused Evaluation Step 2. Assess and Enhance Evaluator Readiness and Competence to Undertake a Utilization-Focused Evaluation Step 3. Identify, Organize, and Engage Primary Intended Users: The Personal Factor Step 4. Situation Analysis Conducted Jointly With Primary Intended Users Step 5. Identify and Prioritize Primary Intended Uses by Determining Priority Purposes Step 6. Consider and Build in Process Uses if and as Appropriate Step 7. Focus Priority Evaluation Questions Step 8. Check That Fundamental Areas for Evaluation Inquiry Are Being Adequately Addressed: Implementation, Outcomes, and Attribution Questions Step 9. Determine What Intervention Model or Theory of Change Is Being Evaluated Step 10. Negotiate Appropriate Methods to Generate Credible Findings That Support Intended Use by Intended Users Step 11. Make Sure Intended Users Understand Potential Methods Controversies and Their Implications Step 12. Simulate Use of Findings: Evaluation's Equivalent of a Dress Rehearsal Step 13. Gather Data With Ongoing Attention to Use Step 14. Organize and Present the Data for Interpretation and Use by Primary Intended Users: Analysis, Interpretation, Judgment, and Recommendations Step 15. Prepare an Evaluation Report to Facilitate Use and Disseminate Significant Findings to Expand Influence Step 16. Follow Up With Primary Intended Users to Facilitate and Enhance Use Step 17. Metaevaluation of Use: Be Aaccountable, Learn, and Improve Summary and Conclusion
Oral transit time in children with neurological impairment indicated for gastrostomy.

PURPOSE The objective of the present study was to describe the total oral transit time (TOTT) of children with neurological impairment (CNI) and with an indication of gastrostomy. METHOD A cross-sectional clinical study was conducted on 15 children (10 male and 5 female ranging in age from 1 to 14 years; mean 5.7 years) with CNI and gastrostomy indication. The patients were monitored by a Multidisciplinary Group of Pediatric Gastroenterology of Universidade de Marília - UNIMAR, which 13 of them with previous exclusive oral feeding and 2 fed by a nasogastric tube. Swallowing was analyzed by videofluoroscopy swallowing study and 19 images of TOTT were obtained using specific software, with analysis of pureed food (13 images) and liquid (six images). TTOT was categorized as short or long based on definitions already evidenced in the literature. RESULTS The mean and standard deviation of TOTT values was 10.75 s and 11.76 s for pureed food and 4.22 s and 1.54 s for liquid food. CONCLUSION The total oral transit time of pureed or liquid consistency was long in children with neurological involvement and with an indication of gastrostomy.
DIGITAL LEADERSHIP: CHANGING PARADIGMS FOR CHANGING TIMES

Foreword by Yong Zhao Preface Acknowledgments About the Author A Day in the Life of a Digital Leader 1. The Evolving Educational Landscape 2. Why Schools Must Change 3. Keys to Leading Sustainable Change 4. Leading With Technology 5. Communication 6. Public Relations 7. Branding 8. Professional Growth and Development 9. Increasing Student Engagement and Enhancing Learning 10. Rethinking Learning Environments and Spaces 11. Discovering Opportunity 12. A Call to Action Appendix A: The ISTE National Educational Technology Standards for Administrators Appendix B: Twitter Memo for Parents Appendix C: Student Media Waiver Appendix D: Professional Growth Period Model Developed at New Milford High School Appendix E: Integrating Digital Tools and Content to Develop Essential Literacies Appendix F: IOCS Rubric References Index
Influence of a Marching Snare Drum System on Joint Kinematics, Electromyography, and Contact Pressure

ii Acknowledgments . iv List of Tables . viii List of Figures . ix List of Abbreviations . xii Chapter I: Introduction . 1 Purpose . 15 Hypotheses . 16 Limitations . 17 Delimitations . 17 Definition of Terms. 18 Chapter II: Review of Literature . 20 Section 1: Biomechanical Effects of Posterior & Combined Anterior/Posterior Load Carriage. 21 Section 2: Biomechanical Effects of Anterior Load Carriage . 27 Section 3: Muscle Activity & Contact Pressure . 32 Section 4: Lumbar Belt Implementation . 43 Section 5: Summary . 49 Chapter III: Methods . 53
Integrated versus two-loop guidance-autopilot for a dual control missile with high-order aerodynamic model

This paper proposes a novel integrated guidance and autopilot design scheme for endo-atmospheric missiles having forward and rearward aerodynamic controls. The missile aerodynamic, including the aero-coupling effects between the canard and tail sections, is assumed to be non-linear. The value of the integrated design scheme is that it is solved in finite-time horizon to target interception, while maintaining missile angle of attack, canard and tail incidence angles within their aerodynamic limitations. The integrated design includes a feed-forward command generator based on the dual control missile trim conditions. The proposed design scheme is compared against a two-loop approach. The test cases via simulations are promising, achieving reduced control efforts and lower miss distances with the integrated logic.