Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Information vs interaction: An alternative user ranking model for social networks

The recent years have seen an unprecedented boom of social network services, such as Twitter, which boasts over 200 million users. In such big social platforms, the inﬂuential users are ideal targets for viral marketing to potentially reach an audience of maximal size. Most proposed algorithms rely on the linkage structure of the respective underlying network to determine the information ﬂow and hence indicate a users inﬂuence. From social interaction perspective, we built a model based on the dynamic user interactions constantly taking place on top of these linkage structures. In particular, in the Twitter setting we sup-posed a principle of balanced retweet reciprocity, and then formulated it to disclose the values of Twitter users. Our experiments on real Twitter data demonstrated that our proposed model presents diﬀerent yet equally insightful ranking results. Besides, the conducted prediction test showed the correctness of our model.
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A magnetospheric field model is presented in which the usually assumed toroidal ring current is replaced by a circular disk current of finite thickness that extends from the tail to geocentric distances less than 3 RE. The drastic departure of this model from the concept of the conventional ring current lies in that the current is continuous from the tail to the inner magnetosphere. This conceptual change was required to account for the recent results of analysis of the OGO 3 and 5 magnetic field observations. In the present model the cross-tail current flows along circular arcs concentric with the earth and completes circuit via surface currents on the magnetopause. Apart from these return currents in the tail magnetopause, Mead's (1964) model is used for the field from the magnetopause current. The difference scalar field, AB,defined as the difference between the scalar field calculated from the present model and the magnitude of the dipole field is found to be in gross agreement with the observed AB (i.e., the observed scalar field minus a scalar reference geomagnetic field). An updated version of the AB contours from the OGO 3 and 5 observations, which is used for the comparison, is presented in this paper. in details exist, however, between the model and the observed results. These differences will provide a guide for making modifications in the equatorial current system in future models.
Alcohol-Speciﬁ c Parenting, Adolescents’ Self-Control, and Alcohol Use: A Moderated Mediation Model

Objective: There is convincing evidence that parental rules about alcohol are important in curbing adolescents’ alcohol use. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which the direct link between alcohol-speciﬁ c parenting and alcohol use is obtained. In this study, we investigated the mediating effect of adolescent self-control on the relationship between alcohol-speciﬁ c rules and adolescents’ drinking behavior and whether this mediation effect depends on the level of quality of communication. Method: A total of 883 adolescents participated in this longitudinal study at ages 13, 14, and 15 years. Results: Strict rules predicted lower rates of drinking, but no direct effect of the quality of communication on adolescents’ alcohol use was found. A higher level of self-control was related to lower rates of drinking in ado- lescents. The indirect effect of rules about alcohol through adolescents’ self-control was statistically signiﬁ cant, yet only in adolescents with high qualitative parent–child communication about alcohol. In adolescents with low quality of parent–child communication, self-control was not related to drinking. Conclusions: These ﬁ ndings imply that strict rule setting in combination with qualitative parent–child communication is an important target for prevention. In addition, ﬁ ndings point at the importance of high qualitative parent–child communication for adolescents’ motivation to engage in self-control to avoid drinking. ( J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 75, 16–23, 2014)
T HE R OLE OF DART K EY B UILDING B LOCKS AS C USTOMER C O C REATION D ETERMINANTS IN I SLAMIC B ANKING S ERVICES

Co-creation is a baseline for innovation strategies to increase market share and competitive advantage in the Islamic Banking industry. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of the DART (dialogue, access, risk and transparency) model as a determinant of co-creation activities in Islamic banking. It is the first empirical investigation that tests the DART model in this way. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, this study analyzes the responses of 192 Islamic bank customers to test four proposed hypotheses. The research result confirms that the dialogue and transparency of the DART model positively support co-creation activities. Our study is based on data from Islamic Banking customers in Indonesia; therefore, it needs to be retested in a broader context. Since we distributed questionnaires among Islamic Banking customers, future studies could compare their responses with those of customers of conventional banks. Further studies are recommended to develop the DART model in other specific contexts. It is important for Islamic Banking managers in Indonesia to prioritize dialogue and information disclosure in serving customers while also allowing customers access to information to and delivering risk assessments honestly.
Enzyme Digestion Study and Sucrose Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation

In a small percentage of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ~ an autoant ibody that is reactive with a nuclear antigen in proliferat ing cells (PCNA) has been demons t ra ted (1). Using this autoant ibody as the reagent in immunofluorescence, PCNA was not detected in differentiated, nondividing cells such as renal tubular or g iomerular cells nor in hepatic parenchymal cells. However , cont inuous tissue cul ture cell lines of different species such as WiL-2, Hep-2, baby hamster kidney cells, and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were positive for PCNA. Normal per ipheral blood lymphocytes did not contain detectable amounts of PCNA, but it was present in some lymphocytes in lymph node follicles, spleen, and thymus. After mitogenic stimulation, peripheral blood lymphocytes became positive for PCNA, demonstrable as nuclear staining in the blasttransformed cells. T h e reactive nuclear antigen was extractable f rom tissue cul ture cells or rabbit thymus with physiological saline. Solubilized PCNA fo rmed a precipitin line with autoant ibody that was immunologically distinct f rom previously identified antigen-autoant ibody systems such as Sm antigen, nuclear RNP, SS-A/Ro, and SSB/La (2). T h e incidence o f ant i -PCNA ant ibody is <5% in SLE patients and it does not appear to be associated with any distinctive clinical characteristics in such patients (1). However , because of the apparent association o f PCNA with proliferat ion and blast t ransformation, it has been used as a p robe to detect blast crisis in patients with leukemia. 2 In this repor t we describe methods for purification o f PCNA and some o f the biochemical characteristics o f the antigen.
Runing head: Repair of mitochondrial DNA in Arabidopsis

Plant mitochondria have very active DNA recombination activities that are responsible for its plastic structures and that should be involved in the repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA). Little is still known on plant mtDNA repair, but repair by recombination is believed to be a major determinant in the rapid evolution of plant mitochondrial genomes. In flowering plants, mitochondria possess at least two eubacteria-type RECA proteins that should be core components of the mitochondrial repair mechanisms. We have performed functional analyses of the two Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial RecAs (RECA2 and RECA3) to assess their potential roles in recombination-dependent repair. Heterologous expression in Escherichia coli revealed that RECA2 and RECA3 have overlapping as well as specific activities that allow them to partially complement bacterial repair pathways. RECA2 and RECA3 have similar patterns of expression and mutants of either display the same molecular phenotypes of increased recombination between intermediate-size repeats, thus suggesting that they act in the same recombination pathways. However RECA2 is essential pasting the seedling stage and should have additional important functions. Treatment of plants with several DNA-damaging drugs further showed that RECA3 is required for different recombination-dependent repair pathways that significantly contribute to plant fitness under stress. Replication repair of DSB results in accumulation of crossovers that increase the heteroplasmic state of the mitochondrial DNA. It was shown that these are transmitted to the plant progeny, enhancing the potential for mitochondrial genome evolution. of increased recombination between IRs, suggesting that they act in the same recombination pathways. Alternative structures of the mtDNA generated by repair through recombination were found to be transmitted to the plant progeny, enhancing the potential for mtDNA evolution by SSS.
Thoracic Disc Herniations Foraminotomy and Discectomy for Soft and Calcified Five-Year Outcomes After Transforaminal Endoscopic

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and long-term clinical outcomes of transforaminal full endoscopic discectomy and foraminotomy performed with manual reamers under local anesthesia on soft and calcified herniated discs in the mid and lower thoracic spine. Methods: Postoperative pain relief was self-evaluated by 16 patients using a visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Patients were scored at 6, 12, 24, and 60 months after surgery. Results: Significant pain reduction of more than 50% in the VAS score was achieved in 15 out of 16 patients at all review points throughout this study. Similarly, a decrease of more than 50% in ODI scores was achieved in 15 out of 16 patients in all 4 review points. There were no surgical complications. Good postoperative results were achieved in patients regardless of the consistency of the disc herniation. Conclusions: Transforaminal full endoscopic discectomy and foraminotomy with manual reamers performed under local anesthesia produces sustained reduction in pain and improves functionality in patients with mid and lower thoracic spine soft and calcified disc herniations. The surgery is safe and straightforward to perform with the correct training. Level of Evidence: 4. in TIVA, may be a useful adjunct for treatment of patients with soft and calcified disc herniations in thoracic spine. Minimally
Histomorphological Study on Gravid and Non-Gravid Ovaries of Garole Sheep

The present investigation was conducted to explore the histomorphological study of both the gravid and non-gravid ovaries of garole sheep. On histological observations, all the gravid and non-gravid ovaries were clearly distinguished into an outer cortex or zona parenchymatosa and inner medulla or zona vasculosa. The average height of the germinal epithelium was more in gravid ovaries. The cortical stroma composed of loose connective tissue which was reinforced by collagen fibers. The average thickness of the cortical area of gravid ovaries was greater than the non-gravid ovaries. The cortex, tunica albuginea and the surface epithelium was PAS-AB positive showing the presence of mucopolysaccharides. In the gravid ovaries corpus luteum at its different stages were found with different diameters. The cortico-medullary area was demarcated by the presence of numerous blood vessels of varying diameter. The area was distributed with numerous collagen fibers. Medulla of both the gravid and non-gravid ovary was distributed with bands of stromal cells and loose connective tissue rich in collagen fibres and blood vessels.
Some remarks on the Frege-Geach embedding problem

Expressivist theories of moral discourse deny that moral judgments express truthapt propositions or that they correspond to moral facts. Rather, moral judgments are taken to express non-truth-apt and action-guiding attitudes of approval or disapproval. As a result, the classical accounts of validity, consistency and logical consequence cannot be directly applied to moral discourse. These logical limitations are exploited by the Frege-Geach embedding problem, which challenges expressivism to account for the fact that moral sentences can be embedded into truth-functional contexts, and that they can figure as premises in valid arguments. This thesis examines the embedding problem in detail, and analyzes two prominent expressivist responses to it: Simon Blackburn’s logic of attitudes, and Allan Gibbard’s normative logic. It will be argued that neither response presents a complete solution to the embedding problem. Then some alternative proposals will be investigated.
PLATELETS AND THROMBOPOIESIS Dynamin 2 – dependent endocytosis is required for normal megakaryocyte development in mice

Dynamins are highly conserved large GTPases (enzymes that hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate) involved in endocytosis and vesicle transport, and mutations in the ubiquitous and housekeeping dynamin 2 (DNM2) have been associated with thrombocytopenia in humans. To determine the role of DNM2 in thrombopoiesis, we generated Dnm2 fl/fl Pf4-Cre mice specifically lacking DNM2 in the megakaryocyte (MK) lineage. Pf4-Cre mice had severe macrothrombocytopenia with moderately accelerated platelet clearance. Dnm2 -null bone marrow MKs had altered demarcation membrane system formation in vivo due to defective endocytic pathway, and fetal liver–derived Dnm2 -null MKsformedproplatelets poorly in vitro,showingthat DNM2-dependentendocytosis playsa majorrolein MK membrane formation and thrombopoiesis.Endocytosis of the thrombopoietin receptor Mpl was impaired in Dnm2 -null platelets, causing constitutive phosphorylation of the tyrosine kinase JAK2 and elevated circulating thrombopoietin levels. MK-specific DNM2 deletion severely disrupted bone marrow homeostasis, as reflected by marked expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, MK hyperplasia, myelofibrosis, and consequent extramedullary hematopoiesis and splenomegaly. Taken together, our data demonstrate that unrestrained MK growth and proliferation results in rapid myelofibrosis and establishes a previously unrecognized role for DNM2-dependent endocytosis in megakaryopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and bone marrow homeostasis. ( Blood . 2015;125(6):1014-1024)
Intelligent wearable system with accurate detection of abnormal gait and timely cueing for mobility enhancement of people with Parkinson’s disease

Abstract Previously reported wearable systems for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been focused on the detection of abnormal gait. They suffered from limited accuracy, large latency, poor durability, comfort, and convenience for daily use. Herewith we report an intelligent wearable system (IWS) that can accurately detect abnormal gait in real-time and provide timely cueing for PD patients. The system features novel sensitive, comfortable and durable plantar pressure sensing insoles with a highly compressed data set, an accurate and fast gait algorithm, and wirelessly controlled timely sensory cueing devices. A total of 29 PD patients participated in the first phase without cueing for developing processes of the algorithm, which achieved an accuracy of over 97% for off-line detection of freezing of gait (FoG). In the second phase with cueing, the evaluation of the whole system was conducted with 16 PD subjects via trial and a questionnaire survey. This system demonstrated an accuracy of 94% for real-time detection of FoG and a mean latency of 0.37 s between the onset of FoG and cueing activation. In questionnaire survey, 88% of the PD participants confirmed that this wearable system could effectively enhance walking, 81% thought that the system was comfortable and convenient, and 70% overcame the FoG. Therefore, the IWS makes it an effective, powerful, and convenient tool for enhancing the mobility of people with PD.
Large‐Scale Troughs on Asteroid 4 Vesta Accommodate Opening‐Mode Displacement

Asteroid 4 Vesta hosts two sets of enormous troughs, Divalia Fossae that encircle two‐thirds of the equator and Saturnalia Fossae located in the northern hemisphere. These troughs were interpreted as grabens, thus invoking faulting. The trough sizes, their linear arrangement, and overall morphology leave no doubt that their origin is tectonic, but structures other than faults have not been considered. To test if they are fault‐related or formed by accommodating opening‐mode displacement (i.e., jointing) without subsequent shear, we investigate the map patterns, cross‐sectional geometries, and variations of relief and width along the trough lengths. Relief and width could relate to the vertical displacement of faults and aperture of joints, respectively, and they therefore reveal differences in fracturing behavior. We analyzed six major troughs on Vesta, four belonging to Divalia Fossae, and two to Saturnalia Fossae. No map patterns are diagnostic of faulting or jointing. For each pair of trough‐bounding scarps, the maximum relief does not lie at the trough center, and the two maxima occur at different positions along the trough. In contrast, troughs are widest near the centers of the troughs. These characteristics are inconsistent with graben formation but are consistent with jointing. Furthermore, rock‐mechanical calculations that account for Vesta's low gravitational acceleration and degree of fracturing reveal that faulting is not favored to be initiated at depths above at least ∼3 but as much as 55 km within Vesta's lithosphere. Therefore, jointing or mixed‐mode fracturing, both involving opening‐mode displacements, are more plausible fracturing mechanisms for the Divalia Fossae.
IL‐1Ra deficiency accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration in C57BL6J mice

The expression of Interleukin‐1ß (IL‐1ß) and its antagonist and Interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) are correlated with greater human intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, suggesting that elevated IL‐1β activity promotes disc degeneration. Many in vitro studies support such a mechanistic relationship, whereas few in vivo investigations have been reported. The present study tests the effect of increased IL‐1β activity on intervertebral disc in mice with an IL‐1Ra gene deletion.
Miocene Crustal Anatexis of Paleozoic Orthogneiss in the Zhada Area, Western Himalaya

Granitic gneiss (orthogneiss) and Himalayan leucogranite are widely distributed in the Himalayan orogen, but whether or not the granitic gneiss made a contribution to the Himalayan leucogranite remains unclear. In this study, we present the petrological, geochronological and geochemical results for orthogneisses and leucogranites from the Zhada area, Western Himalayas. Zhada orthogneiss is composed mainly of quartz, plagioclase, K‐feldspar, biotite and muscovite, with accessory zircon and apatite. Orthogneiss zircon cathodoluminescence (CL) images show that most grains contain a core with oscillatory zoning, which indicates an igneous origin. Sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U‐Pb dating of the zircon cores in the orthogneiss shows a weighted 206Pb/238U age of 515 ± 4 Ma (early Paleozoic), with spongelike zircon rims of 17.9 ± 0.5 Ma (Miocene). Zhada leucogranite shows 206Pb/238U ages ranging from 19.0 ± 0.4 Ma to 12.4 ± 0.2 Ma, the weighted average age being 16.2 ± 0.4 Ma. The leucogranites have a low Ca content (<1 wt%), FeOt content (<1 wt%), Rb content (67.0–402 ppm), Sr content (<56.6 ppm), Ba content (3.35–238 ppm) and Rb/Sr ratio (0.5–14.7), which are similar to the geochemical characteristics of the Himalayan leucogranite derived from muscovite dehydration partial melting of metasediments and representative of most Himalayan leucogranites. The highly variable Na2O + K2O (4.33 wt%–9.13 wt%), Al2O3 (8.44 wt%–13.51 wt%), ∑REE (40.2–191.0 ppm), Rb (67.0–402 ppm) and Nb (8.23–26.4 ppm) contents, 87Sr/86Sr(t) ratios (0.7445–0.8605) and εNd(t) values (–3.6 to –8.2) indicate that the leucogranite is derived from a heterogenetic source. The nonradiogenic Nd isotope values of the studied Zhada leucogranite and orthogneiss range from –8.2 to –3.6 and from –8.7 to –4.1, respectively. Therefore, the general mixing equation was used to perform the Sr and Nd isotope mixing calculations. The results indicate that the heterogenetic source was the Tethyan Himalayan Sequence (THS)/Higher Himalayan Crystalline (HHC) metasediments and Zhada orthogneiss. The Zhada area experienced crustal anatexis during the Miocene and the heterogenetic source of the orthogneiss and metasediment may have experienced crustal anatexis controlled by muscovite dehydration. The Zhada leucogranite inherited not only the geochemical characteristics of the Himalayan metasediment (muscovite dehydration melting), but also the trace elements and Sr‐Nd isotopic characteristics of the Zhada orthogneiss. These results indicate that the Paleozoic Zhada orthogneiss was involved in crustal anatexis at 17.9 ± 0.5 Ma (Miocene) and that the muscovite dehydration of the metasediments in the heterogenetic source produced fluid, which may have caused the orthogneiss solidus lines to decline, triggering a partial melting of the Zhada orthogneiss. It is therefore proposed that Himalayan leucogranite is a crust‐derived granite rather than a S‐type granite, as previously hypothesized.
Identifying the Sources and Drivers of Nitrous Oxide Accumulation in the Eddy‐Influenced Eastern Tropical North Pacific Oxygen‐Deficient Zone

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas, and oceanic sources account for up to one third of the total natural flux to the atmosphere. In oxygen‐deficient zones (ODZs) like the Eastern Tropical North Pacific (ETNP), N2O can be produced and consumed by several biological processes. In this study, the concentration and isotopocule ratios of N2O from a 2016 cruise in the ETNP were analyzed to examine sources of and controls on N2O cycling across this region. Along the north‐south transect, three distinct biogeochemical regimes were identified: background, core‐ODZ, and high‐N2O stations. Background stations were characterized by smaller variations in N2O concentration and isotopic profiles relative to the other regimes. Core‐ODZ stations were characterized by co‐occurring N2O production and consumption at anoxic depths, indicated by high δ18O‐N2O (>90‰) and low δ15N2Oβ (<−10‰) values, and confirmed by a time‐dependent model, which indicated that N2O production via denitrification was significant and may occur with a nonzero site preference. High‐N2O stations, located at the periphery of a mesoscale eddy, were defined by N2O reaching 126.07 ± 12.6 nM and low oxygen concentrations expanding into near‐surface isopycnals. At these stations, model results indicated significant N2O production from ammonia‐oxidizing archaea and denitrification from nitrate at the N2O maximum within the oxycline, while bacterial nitrification and denitrification from nitrite were insignificant. This study also represents the first in the ETNP to link N2O production mechanisms to a mesoscale eddy through isotopocule measurements, suggesting the importance of eddies to spatiotemporal variability in N2O cycling and emissions from this region.