Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conditional stochastic mapping of transport connectivity

We present a method for the stochastic simulation of point‐to‐point transport connectivity honoring data from three types of information: (1) travel time estimates obtained from field tracer tests; (2) estimates of flow connectivity indicators obtained from the relatively fast or slow flow response that is observed at a point location given the flow impulse at another location, and (3) measurements of transmissivity at a local scale. The method thus efficiently integrates data obtained from different hydraulic tests, each sampling different areas within the aquifer. To achieve this, we first extend the concept of point‐to‐point flow connectivity and transport connectivity, mathematically formulated by Trinchero et al. (2008) for pumping conditions, to support a more general flow configuration. Interestingly, point‐to‐point flow connectivity can be generally seen as a weighted integral of transmissivity over the entire domain, the weighting function being proportional to the sensitivity of heads with respect to the natural log of transmissivity per unit of aquifer volume. On the contrary, point‐to‐point transport connectivity is a weighted integral along the particle path of the solute mass that involves two variables: transmissivity and flow connectivity. Each variable has its own distinct weighting function. The weighting function of transmissivity is inversely proportional to both the homogeneous travel time and the point velocity sampled along the travel path. On this basis, we show how to generate conditional point‐to‐point transport connectivity maps. The method avoids the inference of cross‐covariance functions between variables measured over different scales and sampled areas (which cannot be otherwise estimated with a few data measurements) by expressing them as a function of the local transmissivity covariance function. An example of the method is provided to evaluate the worth of including tracer data to delineate capture zones of abstraction wells originally defined from local transmissivity measurements. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the impact of including tracer data is a maximum when the travel time data are obtained at a location different than that of transmissivity measurements. The reason is that weighting functions give larger weights to the injection location, so introducing tracer test data at points where transmissivity is already known is somewhat redundant.
Adaptive heuristic methods for the continuous p-centre location problems

This research studies the p-centre problem in the continuous space. This problem is particularly useful in locating emergency facilities, such as fire-fighting stations, police stations and hospitals where it is aimed to minimise the worst-case response time. This problem can be divided into a single facility minmax location problem (1-centre) and multi-facility minmax location problem (p-centre). The solution of the 1-centre location problem can be found optimally in polynomial time by using the well known Elzinga-Hearn algorithm for both the weighted and the unweighted case. The objective of the p-centre problem is to locate p facilities (p>1) so as to minimise the radius of the largest circle. However, in this case, we cannot always guarantee optimality as the problem is known to be NP hard. The aim of the research is to develop and analyse powerful meta-heuristics including the hybridisation of exact methods and heuristics to solve this global optimisation problem. To our knowledge this is the first study that meta-heuristics are developed for this problem. In addition larger instances previously used in the literature are tested . This is achieved by designing an efficient variable neighbourhood search, adapting a powerful perturbation method and extending a newly developed reformulation local search. Large instances are used to evaluate our approaches with promising results.
A Mutant Thyroid Hormone Receptor (cid:1) Antagonizes Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (cid:1) Signaling in Vivo and Impairs Fatty Acid Oxidation

Thyroid hormone regulates the balance between lipolysis and lipogenesis. We previously reported that male mice with a dominant-negative P398H mutation introduced into the TR (cid:1) gene have visceral obesity, hyperleptinemia, and reduced cat-echolamine-stimulated lipolysis in white adipose tissue. Based on our observation of hepatic steatosis in the TR (cid:1) P398H male mice, we used in vitro and in vivo models to in- vestigate the influence of the TR (cid:1) P398H mutant on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- (cid:1) (PPAR (cid:1) ) signaling. Wild-type TR (cid:1) and the P398H mutant significantly reduced PPAR (cid:1) -mediated transcription in transient transfection as- says. T 3 reversed the inhibition of PPAR (cid:1) action by wild-type TR (cid:1) but not the P398H mutant. Chromatin immunoprecipi- tation assays demonstrated that the P398H mutant reduces PPAR (cid:1) binding to peroxisome proliferator receptor elements. In gel shift assays, the P398H mutant directly bound the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor response element and inhibited PPAR (cid:1) binding, which was not reversed by addition of retinoid X receptor. The TR (cid:1) R384C and PV dom- inant-negative mutants are not associated in vivo with a metabolic phenotype and had reduced (PV) or absent (R384C) PPAR (cid:1) inhibition compared with P398H. The metabolic phenotype of the P398H mutant mice is due, in part, to unique properties of the P398H mutant receptor interfering with PPAR (cid:1) signaling. The P398H mutant is a potential probe to characterize the physiological role of thyroid hormone recep-tor/PPAR (cid:1) interactions. ( Endocrinology 148: 1206–1217, 2007)
13 Synthesis and Policy Implications

We began this volume by drawing out of the prevailing body of work a strong weight of evidence and analysis stressing that inequality is a key development challenge. It holds implications for economic growth and redistribution and translates into power asymmetries that can endanger democratization and human rights, create conflict, and embed social exclusion and chronic poverty. Inequalities of income and wealth and inequality in access to basic services undermine social cohesion and economic progress. From this point of departure, the specialist contributors to this book proceeded to bring together an analysis of global inequalities and a new and comprehensive view of the trends and drivers of inequality in five of the world’s largest developing countries—Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa—jointly accounting for more than 40 per cent of the world’s population. Perspectives on global in equal ity set the scene for the syntheses of the five case studies that, in turn, build on a large set of background papers prepared under UNU-WIDER’s Inequality in the Giants project. Following the case studies, the discussion of in equal ity is brought back into a broader developmental context. Throughout, the contributions gave explicit attention to the data and measurement choices that undergirded their analyses of the forces and drivers of these measured levels and trends in inequality. Now we consolidate and synthesize all of this detailed work and then conclude by briefly outlining the main implications for policy.
Machine Crop Parameters’ Model of Spike - Tooth Thresher for Soybean

The goal of regular modification of threshing machine is to increase soybean processing efficiency. This study was carried out to deconstruct the thresher’s parameter - output relationship and to evolve a model for such relationship at the Engineering workshop of the Federal College of Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria. Unthreshed soybeans, CGX14x1448 were used to evaluate the performance of a modified spike tooth thresher fabricated at the Workshop. The summary statistics of the machine output showed that concave clearance had percentage unthreshed soybean of 16.98%, percentage mechanically damaged seed of 8.625%, blown seed of 23.403kg and high seed loss of 44.241kg. Both the mean cleaning efficiency (94.175) and threshing efficiency (83.022) were very high. The trend of the cylinder speed however contrasts with those of concave clearance and moisture content. The percentage unthreshed (83.212%), percentage mechanical damage (16.792%) were in contrast to each other. Similarly, the threshing (44.108) and cleaning (23.321) efficiency were low. The relationships between cylinder speed and machine output showed an increasing trends for blown seed, percentage damaged seed and seed loss. Concave clearance - threshing efficiency can be predicted using 3 most parsimonious models ( xy -inverse, exponential and simple linear model). High adjusted coefficients of determinations (R 2 ) were obtained for the best model of cylinder speed - threshing efficiency model. These were 0.9997 for the xy inverse and 0.9998 for quadratic 0.993 for exponential model with estimation variance of 0.00047 (quadratic), 0.000 for inverse xy and 0.000191 (exponential model). The practical application of the models is in the specificity of the measurement of the relationship between thresher’s parameters and output.
Alloantibody Responses Is Required for CD40-Independent Production by Memory Helper T Cells g IFN-Baldwin

Cognate T–B cell interactions and CD40–CD154 costimulation are essential for productive humoral immunity against T-dependent Ags. We reported that memory CD4 T cells can deliver help to B cells and induce pathogenic IgG alloantibodies in the absence of CD40–CD154 interactions. To determine cytokine requirements for CD40-independent help, we used CD40 2 / 2 mice containing differentiated subsets of donor-reactive memory Th cells as heart allograft recipients. Th1 and Th17, but not Th2, memory CD4 T cells elicited high titers of anti-donor Ab. Abs induced by Th17 memory CD4 T cells had decreased reactivity against donor MHC class I molecules and inferior ability to cause complement deposition in heart allografts compared with Abs induced by Th1 cells, suggesting a requirement for IFN- g during CD40-independent help. IFN- g neutralization inhibited helper functions of memory CD4 T cells in both CD40 2 / 2 recipients and wild type recipients treated with anti-CD154 mAb. Our results suggest that IFN- g secreted by pre-existing memory helper cells determines both isotype and speciﬁcity of donor-reactive alloantibodies and can thus affect allograft pathology. This information may be valuable for identifying transplant patients at risk for de novo development of pathogenic alloantibodies and for preventing alloantibody production in T cell–sensitized recipients. The Journal of Immunology , 2015, 194: 000–000. class cell Ge- netics, AL). 4 d, cells were and i.v. injected into naive B6 or CD40 2 / 2 female mice (5 3 10 6 cells/mouse or fewer in selected experiments). In each experiment, recipients received cells derived from a common pool of activated Mar T cells. Animals were rested for 3 wk before use as heart allograft recipients. To generate polarized subsets of Mar cells, we cultured naive CD45.1 Mar spleen cells for 4 d with 3 m M HY Dby p and one of the following: 1) 10 ng/ml rIL-12 (Peprotech, Hill, NJ) and 10 m g/ml anti–IL-4 mAb (BD Pharmingen, San Diego, CA) for Th1 polarization; 2) 200 ng/ml rIL-4 (Peprotech), 10 m g/ml anti–IL-12 and 10 m g/ml anti–IFN- g mAb (both from BD Pharmingen) for Th2 polarization; and 3) 5 ng/ml rTGF- b (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN), 10 ng/ml rIL-6 (Peprotech), 10 m g/ml anti–IFN- g , and 10 m g/ml anti–IL-4 mAb for Th17 polarization. An aliquot of polarized harvested cells was washed, counted, and tested for their ability to secrete IFN- g , IL-4, IL-2, and IL-17 in response to HY Dby peptide in a recall ELISPOT assay as previously published (23, 38–40). The remaining polarized CD4 T cells were injected i.v. into groups of CD40 2 / 2 female mice (5 3 10 6 cells/mouse) followed by 3 wk of rest and the placement of an allogeneic BALB/c cardiac allograft. The frequencies of transferred CD45.1 + cells were evaluated in peripheral blood by ﬂow cytometry at various time points after transfer, and the cytokine proﬁle of transferred cells was assessed by a recall ELISPOT assay performed on spleen cells 21 d after transplantation. To
Forced and Free Intraseasonal Variability over the South Asian Monsoon Region Simulated by 10 AGCMs

This study examines intraseasonal (20–70 day) variability in the South Asian monsoon region during 1997/ 98 in ensembles of 10 simulations with 10 different atmospheric general circulation models. The 10 ensemble members for each model are forced with the same observed weekly sea surface temperature (SST) but differ from each other in that they are started from different initial atmospheric conditions. The results show considerable differences between the models in the simulated 20–70-day variability, ranging from much weaker to much stronger than the observed. A key result is that the models do produce, to varying degrees, a response to the imposed weekly SST. The forced variability tends to be largest in the Indian and western Paciﬁc Oceans where, for some models, it accounts for more than a quarter of the 20–70-day intraseasonal variability in the upper-level velocity potential during these two years. A case study of a strong observed Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) event shows that the models produce an ensemble mean eastward-propagating signal in the tropical precipitation ﬁeld over the Indian Ocean and western Paciﬁc, similar to that found in the observations. The associated forced 200-mb velocity potential anomalies are strongly phase locked with the precipitation anomalies, propagating slowly to the east (about 5 m s (cid:50) 1 ) with a local zonal wavenumber-2 pattern that is generally consistent with the developing observed MJO. The simulated and observed events are, however, approximately in quadrature, with the simulated response leading by 5–10 days. The phase lag occurs because, in the observations, the positive SST anomalies develop upstream of the main convective center in the subsidence region of the MJO, while in the simulations, the forced component is in phase with the SST. For all the models examined here, the intraseasonal variability is dominated by the free (intraensemble) component. The results of the case study presented here show that the free variability has a predominately zonal wavenumber-1 pattern, and has propagation speeds (10–15 m s (cid:50) 1 ) that are more typical of observed MJO behavior away from the convectively active regions. The free variability appears to be synchronized with the forced response, at least during the strong event examined here. The results of this study support the idea that coupling with SSTs plays an important, though probably not dominant, role in the MJO. The magnitude of the atmospheric response to the SST appears to be in the range of 15%–30% of the 20–70-day variability over much of the tropical eastern Indian and western Paciﬁc Oceans. The results also highlight the need to use caution when interpreting atmospheric model simulations in which the prescribed SST resolves MJO timescales.
High Precision Three-body Variational Method for Critical Nuclear Charge

For an atom there exists a critical nuclear charge Zc that is just sufficient to bind the nucleus and its electrons into a stable configuration. A study of the critical charge for two-electron atoms is presented with the purpose of improving accuracy for Zc. To this end, high precision techniques involving the variational method with multiple basis sets in Hylleraas coordinates are employed. The method is particularly well adapted to the case where one electron is strongly bound and the other is at the limit of becoming unbound. The results are analysed in terms of fractional powers of (Z − Zc) related to the analytic structure of the energy E(Z) and a 1/Z expansion for the energy. This results in a Zc of 0.911 028 08(5). Future work prompted by this study includes development of direct techniques to determine Zc utilizing the method’s low-Z stability; developing the framework and mathematical justification for a novel bootstrap analysis method used in curve-fitting; and investigating the inclusion of finite nuclear mass, relativistic effects, and other higher order corrections in the determination of Zc.
Higher-order brain regions show shifts in structural covariance in adolescent marmosets

Abstract Substantial progress has been made studying morphological changes in brain regions during adolescence, but less is known of network-level changes in their relationship. Here, we compare covariance networks constructed from the correlation of morphometric volumes across 135 brain regions of marmoset monkeys in early adolescence and adulthood. Substantial shifts are identified in the topology of structural covariance networks in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and temporal lobe. PFC regions become more structurally differentiated and segregated within their own local network, hypothesized to reflect increased specialization after maturation. In contrast, temporal regions show increased inter-hemispheric covariances that may underlie the establishment of distributed networks. Regionally selective coupling of structural and maturational covariance is revealed, with relatively weak coupling in transmodal association areas. The latter may be a consequence of continued maturation within adulthood, but also environmental factors, for example, family size, affecting brain morphology. Advancing our understanding of how morphological relationships within higher-order brain areas mature in adolescence deepens our knowledge of the developing brain’s organizing principles.
A CubeSat for Calibrating Ground-Based and Sub-Orbital Millimeter-Wave Polarimeters (CalSat)

We describe a low-cost, open-access, CubeSat-based calibration instrument that is designed to support ground-based and sub-orbital experiments searching for various polarization signals in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). All modern CMB polarization experiments require a robust calibration program that will allow the effects of instrument-induced signals to be mitigated during data analysis. A bright, compact and linearly polarized astrophysical source with polarization properties known to adequate precision does not exist. Therefore, we designed a space-based millimeter-wave calibration instrument, called CalSat, to serve as an open-access calibrator, and this paper describes the results of our design study. The calibration source on board CalSat is composed of five “tones” with one each at 47.1, 80.0, 140, 249 and 309GHz. The five tones we chose are well matched to (i) the observation windows in the atmospheric transmittance spectra, (ii) the spectral bands commonly used in polarimeters by the CMB.
Fusion, fission, and transport control asymmetric inheritance of mitochondria and protein aggregates

across the bud neck in myo2 mutants. Similarly, fused mitochondria are essential for retention in the mother when bud-directed transport is enforced. Inheritance of a less than critical mitochondrial quantity causes a severe decline of replicative life span of daughter cells. Myo2-dependent mitochondrial distribution also is critical for the capture of heat stress–induced cytosolic protein aggregates and their retention in the mother cell. Together, these data suggest that coordination of mitochondrial transport, fusion, and fission is critical for asymmetric division and rejuvenation of daughter cells.
HEAT KERNEL ESTIMATES AND ASYMPTOTIC OF W -ENTROPY ON STOCHASTICALLY COMPLETE RIEMANNIAN MANIFOLDS

In this paper, we establish heat kernel upper bounds via ultracontractive estimates for heat diffusion semigroups on an n -dimensional complete Riemannian manifold M . This result is extended, via monotonicity property of the W -entropy functional, to the case when M is stochastically complete. We also prove the large time asymptotic of the entropy for the stochastic complete heat kernel. This provides an alternative proof for Ni’s large time asymptotic of the entropy.
OTT_A_293832 2747..2759

Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, 450000, People’s Republic of China Background: This study aimed to explore the biological functions of G-quadruplex-forming sequence containing lncRNA (GSEC) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods: The expression of GSEC in TNBC tissues was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Cell viability was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Cell proliferation was evaluated by 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining assay. Cell invasion and migration were evaluated by Transwell assay. Gainand loss-function assays were performed to assess the biological functions of GSEC in TNBC. The interactions between GSEC, miR-202-5p and AXL were determined by luciferase report assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. In addition, a nude mouse xenograft model was used to confirm the oncogenic role of GSEC in TNBC. Results: GSEC was significantly upregulated in TNBC tissues and cancer cell lines, and high level of GSEC was associated with advanced tumor stage, positive lymph-node metastasis and the poor prognosis of TNBC patients. Knockdown of GSEC effectively inhibited TNBC cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro. GSEC regulated the expression of AXL by directly sponging miR-202-5p. Downregulation of miR-202-5p attenuated GSEC knockdown-induced inhibition on TNBC cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro. Meanwhile, overexpression of AXL obviously reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-202-5p mimics in TNBC progression in vitro. Conclusion: GSEC functioned as a potential oncogene and promoted AXL-mediated TNBC progression by sponging miR-202-5p, which might be a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for TNBC.
Boric acid and tetraborates 1)

Heart abnormalities are observed in rabbit and Spermatotoxicity and even testicular atrophy and occur in rats and mice from doses of 24 mg boron/kg body weight and day. Similar effects are observed in dogs from doses of 29 mg boron/kg body weight and day. Haematotoxicity is caused by doses of 22 mg boron/kg body weight and day in dogs, 34 mg/kg body weight and day in mice and 58 mg/kg body weight and day in rats. Boric acid and borates are poorly absorbed through the skin and are not sensitizing, genotoxic or carcinogenic.
Ifo/CESifo and University of Munich Conference on What if Standard Before-After Doesn’t Work? Evaluating Malawi’s Nationwide ITN Distribution Program

Nationwide health interventions are diﬃcult to evaluate as contemporaneous control groups do not exist and before-after approaches are usually infeasible. We propose an alternative semi-parametric estimator that is based on the assumption that the intervention has no direct eﬀect on the health outcome but inﬂuences the outcome only through its eﬀect on individual behavior. We show that in this case the evaluation problem can be divided into two parts: (i) the eﬀect of the intervention on behavior, for which a conditional before-after assumption is more plausible; and (ii) the eﬀect of the behavior on the health outcome, where we exploit that a contemporaneous control groups exists for behavior. The proposed estimator is used to evaluate one of Malawi’s main malaria prevention campaigns, a nationwide insecticide-treated-net (ITN) distribution scheme, in terms of its eﬀect on infant mortality. We exploit that the program aﬀects child mortality only via bed net usage. We ﬁnd that Malawi’s ITN distribution campaign reduced child mortality by 1 percentage point, which corresponds to about 30% of the total reduction in infant mortality over the study period.