Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Opioid misuse in patients with cancer pain: an integrative systematic review of the literature

Background: Opioids are widely used for the treatment of cancer pain and non-malignant pain. There is a lot of information about opioid misuse (OM) in patients with non-malignant pain, however in cancer patients there is less evidence. Objectives: To identify, appraise and synthesize existing evidence about epidemiology, risk factors, clinical tools and evolution of OM in patients with cancer pain. Methods: Integrative systematic review with data extraction and narrative synthesis. PubMed, Web of Science y PsychINFO databases were searched for articles published through 31 December 2017. Study inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) published in English, Spanish or French language; and 2) containing data on the preva lence or incidence of OM in patients with cancer pain; or/and 3) providing information about OM risk factors, mortality, duration and remission. Results: The search yielded 3520 articles, of which 40 met the inclusion criteria. Four themes were identified: 1) epidemiology, 2) risk factors, 3) patient’s and professional’s opinion, and 4) specific policies. The obtained results were very heterogeneous; the prevalence of OM varied from 0 up to 26 % and the prevalence of opioid-associated aberrant behaviours from 12 to 85 %. Different risk factors for OM were identified, highlighting young age and history of psychiatric disorders or substance abuse, and different tools for risk assessment or diagnosis of OM were described. Regarding professional’s opinion, it seems to be more RESUMEN Introducción: Los opioides son ampliamente utilizados para el control del dolor oncológico y no oncológico. Existe mucha información sobre el uso inadecuado de opioides (UIO) en pacientes no oncológicos, sin embargo en pacientes oncológicos existe menos evidencia. Objetivos: Identificar, analizar y sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre la epidemiología, los factores de riesgo, instrumentos clínicos y evolución del UIO en pacientes con dolor oncológico. Material y métodos: Revisión sistemática integradora de la literatura con extracción de datos y síntesis narrativa. Las fuentes utilizadas para buscar artículos publicados hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2017 fueron las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science y PsychINFO. Se eligieron aquellos artículos que siguieran los siguientes criterios de inclusión: 1) publicados en lengua inglesa, española o francesa, y 2) que incluyesen información sobre la prevalencia o incidencia del UIO en pacientes con dolor oncológico, o/y 3) que aportasen información sobre factores de riesgo, mortalidad, duración del UIO y su remisión. Resultados: De la búsqueda surgieron 3520 artículos, de los cuales 40 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se identificaron cuatro áreas temáticas: 1) epidemiología, 2) factores de riesgo, 3) opinión de pacientes y profesionales, y 4) políticas específicas. Los resultados obtenidos fueron muy heterogéneos, identificándose una prevalencia que oscila entre el 0 y el 26 % en el UIO y entre el 12 y el 85 % en las conductas REVISION DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020. 3801/2020
The Effect of Different Soil Tillage Systems and Crop Residues on the Composition of Weed Communities

The composition of weed communities in agricultural crops is dependent on soil properties and the applied agronomic practices. The current study determined the effect of different tillage systems and crop residue on the soil weed community composition. The research programme encompassed 2013–2015 in a long-term field experiment located in the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania. The soil type in the experimental field was qualified as Endocalcaric Stagnosol (Aric, Drainic, Ruptic, Amphisiltic). Weeds were categorised into communities according to soil pH, nitrogen and moisture indicators. The results of investigations were grouped using cluster analysis. Agricultural crops were dominated by different weed species depending on the soil pH and moisture. Weed species were relatively more frequent indicating nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, an increase in the abundance of weed species indicating moderate acidity and low acidity, moderately wet and wet, nitrogen-rich and very nitrogen-rich soils was observed. The application of plant residues decreased the weed species abundance. In the reduced tillage and no-tillage systems, the quantitative distribution of weed was often uneven. By evaluating the association of weed communities with groups of different tillage systems with or without plant residues, their control can be optimised.
COVID-19 Pandemic Optimism and Vaccine Willingness among an Online Sample of US Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men

This paper presents data from an online sample of U.S gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), to explore the factors associated with three dimensions of vaccine beliefs: perception of the likelihood of a COVID-19 vaccine becoming available, perception of when a COVID-19 vaccine would become available, and the likelihood of taking a COVID-19 vaccine. Data are taken from the Love and Sex in the Time of COVID-19 study, collected from November 2020 to January 2021. A sample of 290 GBMSM is analyzed, modeling three binary outcomes: belief that there will be a COVID-19 vaccine, belief that the COVID-19 vaccine will be available in 6 months, and being very likely to take the COVID-19 vaccine. In contrast to other studies, Black/African Americans and GBMSM living with HIV had higher levels of pandemic optimism and were more likely to be willing to accept a vaccine. Men who perceived a higher prevalence of COVID-19 among their friends and sex partners, and those who had reduced their sex partners, were more likely to be willing to take a COVID-19 vaccine. There remained a small percentage of participants (14%) who did not think the pandemic would end, that there would not be a vaccine and were unlikely to take a vaccine. To reach the levels of vaccination necessary to control the pandemic, it is imperative to understand the characteristics of those experiencing vaccine hesitancy and then tailor public health messages to their unique set of barriers and motivations.
MARKETING MANAGEMENT AND SEXISM IN PROMOTION: THE ROLE OF LEADERSHIP

Studies show us that women face more difficulties in business (management, accounting, finance, behavioral sciences and people management) than their male counterparts because of stereotypical considerations about their role, which have negative consequences on opportunities on the workplace. So, leadership emerges in this research with a reinforced role and as a crucial way in supporting marketing management (specifically the case of communication and advertising) and in its relation to sexism and gender equality. It is necessary to understand to what extent the media and the advertising industry influences the stereotypes that will dictate the rise or not of female leadership. The present work aims to contribute, theoretically, to the understanding of this phenomenon, gathering some of the main contributions of the existent literature. Future studies should lead researchers to empirically test the role of leadership in shaping organizations' communication policies and plans (specifically, promoting gender equality). In an interdisciplinary perspective, this study intends to contribute to marketing and to organizational behavior. Future work will help to the elaboration of a focus group and in-depth interviews bringing together some decision-making agents (in the company's perspective) and consumers (from a demand perspective).
Estimating the prevalence of discrepancies between study registrations and publications: a systematic review and meta-analyses

Objectives Prospectively registering study plans in a permanent time-stamped and publicly accessible document is becoming more common across disciplines and aims to reduce risk of bias and make risk of bias transparent. Selective reporting persists, however, when researchers deviate from their registered plans without disclosure. This systematic review aimed to estimate the prevalence of undisclosed discrepancies between prospectively registered study plans and their associated publication. We further aimed to identify the research disciplines where these discrepancies have been observed, whether interventions to reduce discrepancies have been conducted, and gaps in the literature. Design Systematic review and meta-analyses. Data sources Scopus and Web of Knowledge, published up to 15 December 2019. Eligibility criteria Articles that included quantitative data about discrepancies between registrations or study protocols and their associated publications. Data extraction and synthesis Each included article was independently coded by two reviewers using a coding form designed for this review (osf.io/728ys). We used random-effects meta-analyses to synthesise the results. Results We reviewed k=89 articles, which included k=70 that reported on primary outcome discrepancies from n=6314 studies and, k=22 that reported on secondary outcome discrepancies from n=1436 studies. Meta-analyses indicated that between 29% and 37% (95% CI) of studies contained at least one primary outcome discrepancy and between 50% and 75% (95% CI) contained at least one secondary outcome discrepancy. Almost all articles assessed clinical literature, and there was considerable heterogeneity. We identified only one article that attempted to correct discrepancies. Conclusions Many articles did not include information on whether discrepancies were disclosed, which version of a registration they compared publications to and whether the registration was prospective. Thus, our estimates represent discrepancies broadly, rather than our target of undisclosed discrepancies between prospectively registered study plans and their associated publications. Discrepancies are common and reduce the trustworthiness of medical research. Interventions to reduce discrepancies could prove valuable. Registration osf.io/ktmdg. Protocol amendments are listed in online supplemental material A.
Estimating Market Fundamentals from REIT data

In this paper we propose a new methodology for the estimation of fundamental property-level investment real estate time series performance and operating data using real estate investment trust (REIT) data. The method-ology is particularly useful to develop publicly accessible operating statistics, such as income or expenses per square foot. Commercial property operating statistics are relatively under-studied from an investment perspective. To demonstrate the methodology and its usefulness, we estimate the time series of property values, net operating income, cap rates, operating expenses and capital expenditures, per square foot of building area, by property type (sector) at a quarterly frequency for multiple speciﬁc geographic markets from 2004 through 2018. The methodology is essentially an extension and enhancement of the so-called “Pure Play” method introduced by Geltner and Kluger (1998). It enables easy derivation of important basic data that should be useful for academic and industry practitioner analysts, derived from high quality stock market based information. The extensions and enhancements introduced here to the prior methodology allow estimation of actual quantity levels rather than just longitudinal relative values (index numbers). They also avoid the need for any data source other than published REIT data. And we introduce a Bayesian framework that allows the estimation of reliable time series even in small markets.
Running Small Businesses: Measuring the Impact of Household- and State-Level Conscientiousness on Entrepreneurship

This paper studies the influence of conscientiousness on entrepreneurship activities. Using various proxies from the PSID Well Being survey, we find that households' conscientiousness positively relates to the average number of businesses they own, beyond other Big Five traits. This positive association is robust to alternative explanations and continues to hold at the state level, suggesting that individual personality traits affect aggregate economic outcomes. We provide external validity for our results using the largest online directory of U.S. marathons as a proxy for state-level conscientiousness. Specifically, we find higher growth and survival rates of small-sized businesses in states with a larger population of runners. Overall, our results suggest that certain element of personality traits affects entrepreneurial activities and their success.
Towards the reversal of poverty and income inequality setbacks due to COVID-19: the role of globalisation and resource allocation

ABSTRACT This study contributes to the policy discourse aimed at addressing the welfare setbacks imposed implicitly by the coronavirus pandemic. To this end, we draw macrodata for the period 1990 – 2019 to examine whether globalisation and resource allocation matter for reducing poverty and income inequality in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Robust evidence from the GMM estimator shows that: (1) economic globalisation reduces both poverty and income inequality, (2) though social globalisation heightens income inequality in the region, it has no significant effect on poverty; (3) compared to the effect on poverty, economic globalisation is remarkable in reducing income inequality in the presence of efficient resource allocation. Policy recommendations are provided in line with Agenda 2030 and the rise in social globalisation of the region.
The Impact of Formal Incentives on Teams: Micro-Evidence From Retail

While the impact of formal incentives on individuals is well understood, their impact on teams is less clear. A handful of field experiments document a small or null impact of incentives on teams. However, these studies do not contrast their results with the impact of incentives on individuals, and thus, cannot rule out the possibility that the null/small results on teams are due to incentives being ineffective on individuals to begin with (for example, due to organizational culture). In this paper we perform a full comparison: we estimate the impact of incentives both on individuals and on teams, within the same setting. Concurring with the extant literature, we observe that incentives on individuals generate approximately a 20% productivity increase, but that such a gain disappears in teams. Exploiting the details of our setting, and guided by a formal model, we show that this is not because incentives do not work in teams, but because teams in our setting do not need them. This is because: i) effort complementarities strongly counteract free-riding in teams (so incentives do work), and ii) teams without incentives display larger social incentives than teams with them (and this asymmetry is large enough so that teams without incentives catch-up with those with incentives). We conclude that, under plausible conditions, having only an estimate of the impact of incentives on teams, without having an estimate for individuals, one cannot say much about the presence and magnitude of the generic mechanisms of free-riding, effort complementarity and social incentives.
Common Ownership and Analyst Forecasts

We examine the effect of the common ownership relation between brokerage houses and the firms covered by their analysts (referred to as co-owned brokerage houses, co-owned firms, and connected analysts, respectively) on analyst forecast performance. Common ownership can help the connected analysts to have better access to co-owned firms, leading to higher quality analyst research. However, common owners have incentives for higher valuation for the co-owned firms, and thus can exert pressure on the connected analysts to issue optimistically biased research reports for these firms. We find that common ownership improves analyst forecast accuracy. This result is robust to a difference-in-differences design that exploits exogenous shocks to common ownership. The effects vary systematically with the quality of alternative sources of information that analysts can access for the co-owned firms. Overall, our paper contributes to the literature by documenting that common ownership can facilitate information communication.
Dynamics of Imitation versus Innovation in Technological Leadership Change: Latecomers’ Catch-up Strategies in Diverse Technological Regimes

We examine the role of latecomers’ optimal resource allocation between innovation and imitation in latecomers’ catch-up under diverse technological regimes. Building on Nelson and Winter (1982), we develop computational models of technological leadership change. The results suggest that one-sided dependency upon either imitation or innovation deters technological leadership change. At an early stage with low-level technologies, latecomers should focus on imitation; then, as the technological gap decreases, they should allocate more R&D resource to innovation. We also examine the role of several variables, such as appropriability, cumulativeness, and cycle time of technologies (CTT), as related to technological regimes. The simulation results show that while low appropriability tends to increase the probability of technological leadership change, it makes imitation a more e˙ective strategy compared to innovation; in addition, while a higher level of cumulativeness tends to reduce the probability of leadership change, it makes imitation a more valuable option because innovation becomes more diÿcult for latecomers. We also find an inverted U-shaped relationship between the CTT and the probability of technological leadership change. When the CTT is short, it makes sense for latecomers to allocate more resources to imitation, especially when their technology level is initially low.
The Flexible Inverse Logit Model

Measuring substitution patterns across differentiated products is at the heart of many empirical studies. Most of the approaches used in applied work, including the leading approach pioneered by Berry, Levinsohn, and Pakes (1995) (BLP), impose distributional and functional form assumptions that may restrict substitution patterns in the space of product characteristics. In this paper, I propose a flexible approach that avoids making arbitrary assumptions on the way substitution patterns depend on product characteristics. I show that my approach yields substitution patterns that BLP cannot recover, including complementarity in demand. I further show that the inverse demand model on which I rely is consistent with utility maximization by heterogeneous consumers. This makes my approach useful to address many economic questions of interest, including the measurement of market power and merger evaluation.
A Comparison Study on Corrosion Behavior of Zinc Phosphate and Potassium Zinc Phosphate Anticorrosive Pigments

n this article, the effect of potassium on the phase formation and anticorrosion properties of zinc phosphate pigments has been investigated. The co-precipitation method was selected as synthesis method of potassium zinc phosphate pigment. Then the synthesized pigment was characterized by xray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Morphology of the powders was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The inhibition efficiency of this pigment was compared to the commercial zinc phosphate pigment in a 3.5 % NaCl solution by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on mild steel specimens. The surface composition and morphology of mild steel specimens after exposure to the test solutions were examined by scanning electron microscopy- energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The results indicate the better corrosion inhibitive performance of potassium zinc phosphate in comparison with the commercial zinc phosphate. Prog. Color Colorants Coat. 5(2012), 91-99. © Institute for Color Science and Technology.
Differential equations of genus four hyperelliptic ℘ functions

In order to find higher dimensional integrable models, we study differential equations of hyperelliptic ℘ functions up to genus four. For genus two, differential equations of hyperelliptic ℘ functions can be written in the Hirota form. If the genus is more than one, we have KdV equation. If the genus is more than two, we have KdV and another KdV equations. If the genus becomes more than three, there appear differential equations which cannot be written in the Hirota form, which means that the Hirota form is not enough to characterize the integrable differential equations. We have shown that some differential equations are satisfied for general genus. We can obtain differential equations for general genus step by step.
A federated semi‐supervised learning approach for network traffic classification

The classification of network traffic, which involves classifying and identifying the type of network traffic, is the most fundamental step to network service improvement and modern network management. Classic machine learning and deep learning methods have widely adopted in the field of network traffic classification. However, there are two major challenges in practice. One is the user privacy concern in cross‐domain traffic data sharing for the purpose of training a global classification model, and the other is the difficulty to obtain large amount of labeled data for training. In this paper, we propose a novel approach using federated semi‐supervised learning for network traffic classification, in which the federated server and clients from different domains work together to train a global classification model. Among them, unlabeled data are used on the client side, and labeled data are used on the server side. The experimental results derived from a public dataset show that the accuracy of the proposed approach can reach 97.81%, and the accuracy gap between the federated learning approach and the centralized training method is minimal.
Explaining Bright Radar Reflections Below The Martian South Polar Layered Deposits Without Liquid Water

Introduction Recent discoveries of anomalously bright radar reflections below the Mars South Polar Layered Deposit (SPLD) have sparked new speculation that liquid water may be present below the ice cap. The reflections, discovered in data acquired by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) on board the Mars Express orbiter, were interpreted as reflections from damp materials or even subsurface ponds and lakes similar to those found beneath Earth’s ice sheets. Recent studies, however, have questioned the feasibility of melting and maintaining liquid water below the SPLD. Herein, we compare radar simulations to MARSIS observations in order to present an alternate hypothesis: that the bright reflections are the result of interference between multiple layer boundaries, with no liquid water present. This new interpretation is more consistent with known conditions on modern Mars.