Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eutrophication alters bacterial co‐occurrence networks and increases the importance of chromophoric dissolved organic matter composition

Eutrophication affects bacterial communities by fueling them with nutrients and carbon sources. While the influence of physicochemical conditions on bacterial communities is well studied, little is known about how dissolved organic matter (DOM) quality affects bacterial interspecific interactions and community composition with increasing eutrophication. Here, we examined the relative importance of physicochemical conditions and chromophoric DOM (CDOM) composition for bacterial community variation across trophic gradients using 109 samples data collected in 33 lakes of the Yangtze‐Huaihe River basin. We found a notable increase of bacterial abundance, elevated modularity of co‐occurrence networks, and decreased habitat niche breadths from mesotrophic sites to hyper‐eutrophic sites, suggesting changes in co‐occurrence patterns with eutrophication. Variation partitioning revealed that the proportion purely explained by CDOM composition was higher at the moderate‐ and hyper‐eutrophic sites than at the mesotrophic sites. Moreover, the module structures of the networks correlated significantly with CDOM composition at the eutrophic sites but not at the mesotrophic sites. The significant negative correlation between community‐level habitat niche breadths and the intensities of the protein‐like components at the moderate‐ and hyper‐eutrophic sites indicates a strong association between biolabile protein‐like compounds and habitat specialists in nutrient and substrate enriched lake systems. Our results suggest that consideration of DOM composition can strengthen the identification of links between environmental factors and bacterial community composition and interspecific interactions, especially under resource‐rich conditions.
The Effect of Good Corporate Governance and Accounting Information Systems on the Quality of Financial Statements

This study aims to determine how the influence of good corporate governance and accounting information systems on the quality of financial reports at PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) Bandung City. The factors tested in this study are good corporate governance and accounting information systems as independent variables. Meanwhile, the quality of financial reports is the dependent variable. The research method used in this research is the verification method. The population in this study were employees of the finance department at PT.Pos Indonesia (Persero) Bandung. The sampling technique used in this study is a non-probability sampling technique with a saturated sampling method, so that the sample in this study was 34 employees. The analytical method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Ver.23. 00. The results of research partially and simultaneously show that good corporate governance and accounting information systems affect the quality of financial reports at PT Pos Indonesia (Persero) Bandung City. In addition, the magnitude of the influence of good corporate governance and accounting information systems in contributing to the influence of the quality of financial reports is 55.3%. Keywords: Good Corporate Governance, Accounting Information Systems, and Quality of Financial Statements.
Digital Morphometrics: A Tool for Leaf Morpho- Taxonomical Studies

Leaves are most important part of the plant and can be used for the identification of a taxon. An appropriate understanding of leaf development in terms of shape and responsible abiotic factors is necessary for improvement in plant. Leaf shape variation could be evaluated successfully, and the symmetrical and asymmetrical elements of the overall shape variation could be detected. The aim of the present study was to establish a quantitative analysis method of leaf shape by elliptic Fourier descriptors and principal component analysis (EF-PCA). EF-PCA describes an overall shape mathematically by transforming coordinate information concerning its contours into elliptic Fourier descriptors (EFDs) and summarizing the EFDs by principal component analysis. We can be able to extract six variables by using leaf specimen images from field and herbarium specimens. In the present study, total leaf area with respect to notch area is more variable within species. Within a species the major source of the symmetrical elements may be governed by genotypic features and the asymmetrical elements are strongly affected by the environment. We could discuss the value of morphometrics to detect subtle morphological variation which may be undetectable by human eye.
Exercise and Structure Improve Juvenile Chinook Salmon Rearing Performance

This experiment evaluated the use of an exercise routine and vertically-sus-pended structure during juvenile landlocked fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; mean ± SE, initial weight 1.47 ± 0.03 g, total length 56.4 ± 0.4 mm) rearing. Four treatments were used: 1) no exercise routine nor vertically-suspended structure, 2) exercise and structure, 3) exercise and no structure, and 4) no exercise and structure. Water velocities in tanks without exercise were 12 cm/s, where-as the exercise routine consisted of seven days at 12 cm/s followed by seven days at 18 cm/s. The structure was an array consisting of four vertically-suspended aluminum angles. Total tank gain and percent gain were significantly greater after 50 days in the tanks of salmon subjected to the exercise routine and structure compared to the three other treatments. Gain and percent gain were also significantly greater in the tanks receiving structure without exercise compared to tanks with exercise and no structure or tanks with neither exercise nor structure. Feed conversion ratio was significantly improved in the salmon tanks with structure and without exercise compared to all other treatments. There were no significant differences for individual fish weight, total length, specific growth rate, or condition factor among any of the treatments at the end of the experiment. These results indicate that the use of both an exercise routine and vertically-suspended structure may be beneficial during the rearing of juvenile landlocked fall Chinook salmon.
Equilibrium in cellular food osmotic solution systems as related to structure

The changes in weight, volume and composition of apple tissue throughout equilibration in osmotic treatments were analyzed as a function of temperature and osmotic solution concentration, The effect of vacuum impregnation of the sample with osmotic solution before osmotic treatment was also studied. Two periods were differentiated. First, compositional equilibrium was achieved in a relatively short time, depending on conditions. Then a bulk flux of osmotic solution into the frult tissue occurred due to relaxation of the previously shrunken cellular structure, because of pressure gradients. True chemical and mechanical equilibrium was marked by no further changes in sample composition or weight.
Measuring Teacher Creativity-Nurturing Behavior and Readiness for 21st Century Classroom Management

The COVID-19 pandemic is drastically reshaping the 21st century classroom management to remote learning via various online teaching and learning platforms across the world. The aims of this study are threefold: to assess the level of creativity nurturing behavior and teacher readiness for 21st century classroom management, to test the differences of this relationships towards teaching experience, and to examine the relationship between teachers' creativity nurturing behavior and their readiness for 21st century classroom management. The ANOVA test revealed that teachers' creativity-nurturing behavior is significantly different according to teaching experience. What's more, regression analysis revealed that teachers' creativity-nurturing behavior affects their readiness for 21st century classroom management. Teachers should stimulate positive changes in pedagogical practice to transform the classroom into a more active learning community with greater potential for creativity. Direction for future research is also furnished.
Effects of nitrogen on growth,root morphological traits,nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency of maize seedlings

Based on water culture,the hybrid maize of high yield is selected to study the effects of nitrogen on seedling growth,root morphological traits and nitrogen uptake and physiological N use efficiency.Results show that with N concentrations increasing in a certain range,shoot biomass of four maize cultivars and root biomass of Dongdan 90(DD90) and Shenyu 21(SY21) are increased,whereas root growth is inhibited under the high nitrate level,that led to the decrease of root/shoot ratio.The decreased ratio of shoot biomass of Zhengdan 958(ZD958) is higher than that of root biomass under the high nitrate level(8.0 mmol/L),as a result,the root/shoot ratio of ZD958 is increased.Under different N concentrations,DD90 has better root morphology to improve the ability of N uptake,therefore the N accumulation is increased.With the increase of nitrogen concentration,the N uptake efficiency is increased,while the physiological N use efficiency is decreased in the four hyrid maize.At both lower and higher N rates,ZD958 and DD90 both have higher N uptake efficiency and lower physiological N use efficiency compared with SY21 and Haoyu12(HY12). The responses of different maize cultivars to nitrogen are significantly different.There are the high tolerance and high N uptake to low nitrogen level in DD90 and ZD958.ZD958 has relatively weak resistance to high nitrogen level.SY21 and HY12 have high nitrogen demands and low nitrogen tolerance.The appropriate N supply could coordinate the growth of root and shoot,advance the root morphology and increase contact root area to nitrogen and nitrogen uptake.
Ambiguity, Uncertainty and Implementation

In policy implementation the roles of ambiguity and uncertainty have been theorized but insufficiently tested. This study contributes to the policy process literature by arguing that ambiguity and uncertainty are two sides of the same coin in implementation. Their effects are linked to the credibility of policy, the clarity of goals, and agency capacity. We analyze ambiguity and uncertainty through the lens of post-disaster policy in local government using primary qualitative data from 22 local government officials across 8 counties and 6 cities that were affected by Hurricane Harvey. We find that the credibility of a policy is evaluated separately from the credibility of the formulator; experience moderates the effects of ambiguity; and uncertainty in implementation has a similar effect as ambiguity and is not lessened with more information. The distinction between the political manipulation of ambiguous circumstances and the rational, technocratic approach to gathering more information to reduce uncertainty may be less clear than previously considered.
Open-Air Cold Plasma Device Leads to Selective Tumor Cell Cytotoxicity

The need for effective and safe therapies for cancer is growing as aging is modifying its epidemiology. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has gained attention as a potential anti-tumor therapy. CAP is a gas with enough energy to ionize a significant fraction of its constituent particles, forming equal numbers of positive ions and electrons. Timely-resolved output voltage measurement, emission spectroscopy, and quantification of reactive species (RS) in plasma-activated media (PAM) were performed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of plasma. To assess the cytotoxicity of cold atmospheric plasma in human tumors, different cell lines were cultured, plated, and exposed to CAP, followed by MTT and SRB colorimetric assays 24 h later. Human fibroblasts, phenotypically normal cells, were processed similarly. Plasma cytotoxicity was higher in cells of breast cancer, urinary bladder cancer, osteosarcoma, lung cancer, melanoma, and endometrial cancer. Cytotoxicity was time-dependent and possibly related to the increased production of hydrogen peroxide in the exposed medium. Sixty seconds of CAP exposure renders selective effects, preserving the viability of fibroblast cells. These results point to the importance of conducting further studies of the therapy with plasma.
Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils and aromatic waters of some plants grown in the highlands

The essential oils from twenty-two plants grown in the highlands were isolated by hydrodistillation. The plants with an essential oil yield above one percent, including Achillea millefolium, Asparagus plumosus, Matricaria chamomilla, Mentha piperita, Mentha pulegium, and Thymus vulgaris, were tested for the antibacterial activity and total antioxidant capacity. Their antibacterial activities against three most common foodborne pathogens and an opportunistic pathogen were evaluated. Results indicated that T. vulgaris essential oil had the highest total antioxidant capacity with 11.78 ± 0.01 mmol/L TE. The essential oils of plants inhibited the growth of pathogen bacteria tested, while their aromatic waters showed no inhibition. T. vulgaris oil was most powerful antibacterial essential oil with the inhibition zones of 49.27±7.26 mm against S. aureus, 44.13±4.16 mm against L. monocytogenes, 39.55 ± 0.52 mm against E. coli, and 38.09 ± 4.15 mm against M. luteus. Furthermore, the volatile compounds of T. vulgaris essential oil were detected using GC-MS. Thymol, carvacrol, caryophyllene, 1,8-cineole, 2 acetyl-4,5-dimethylphenol, and γ-terpinene were determined as major compounds in T. vulgaris essential oil. The obtained results suggest that the essential oils of tested plants with high antimicrobial activity and antioxidant capacity might be used as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.
Economic Impact of COVID-19 on High School Teachers; An Assessment of Teachers on Private High School from the Kathmandu Metropolitan, Nepal

The private sector education improving the overall education system has created a large employment opportunity for educated manpower of secondary-level education in Nepal. But unfortunately, there is almost no provision of economic, social, and employment-wise security and insurance for this human resources. Hence, this group of manpower gets heavily quivered by external natural and social factors like the COVID-19 pandemic. Being bound within Kathmandu metropolitan, this research has aimed to study the effect of COVID-19 on employment, income, and savings of the teachers involved in private high school (grade 11 and 12). This situation has arisen from the fact that many intuitions have been fully or partially shut down due to the global pandemic. This study is quantitative research based on primary data. For this, the purposive sampling technique is used. This study computes the data through the questionnaire and the direct interview taken by 50 samples. Using paired t-test, a significant difference has been observed in the employment, income, and savings of the teachers, pre and during COVID backed and further evaluated by other descriptive statistics. The percentage change in meaningful employment, mean income and mean savings has been observed as 69.25%, 40.50%, and 86.95% respectively through the analysis of data. On evaluating the economic condition of teachers of private institutions, although it has been acceptable in sound environmental conditions, in extreme conditions like COVID-19, their economic condition is highly likely to get deteriorated. This deterioration is backed by the observation of this research and is highly significant. This research helps to forecast and manage the possible economic fluctuation of teachers, that may arise during a crisis like COVID-19. Furthermore, this research also implicates the government and concerned institutions to derive policies such as social security funds and other schemes for teachers to fortify their economic condition during abnormal situations.
Prevalence and Predictors of Burnout in Athletic Training Students: A Comparison of Undergraduate and Graduate Students

Burnout is a psychological syndrome consisting of increased emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and decreased personal accomplishment (PA). To date, examinations of burnout among athletic training students (ATS) is limited. To determine prevalence and antecedents of burnout among ATS. Cross-sectional study. Web-based survey. Students enrolled in athletic training programs (ATP). A survey assessed demographics, stressors, and burnout measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine relationships between variables. A total of 725 students participated. Most respondents were undergraduates (n = 582, 80%), female (n = 518, 71%), Caucasian (n = 564, 78%), and single (n = 422, 58%). Mean burnout scores for EE, DP, and PA were 33 ± 10, 17 ± 4.5, and 39 ± 5.8, respectively. Survey responses showed that 70.8% of undergraduate and 62.9% of graduate students reported high EE. All the students (100%) in both samples reported high DP. Undergraduates pursuing internships or residencies (b = −7.69, P < .001) and who were currently enrolled in non–Division I institutions (b = −2.90, P < .01) had decreased EE. Increased stress revealed increased EE (overall stress: b = 3.11, P < .001; social stress: b = 1.32, P < .05; class stress: b = 1.45, P < .05). Increases in clinical hours also related to increased EE (b = 1.49, P < .001). Those pursuing internships or residencies (b = −2.10, P < .05) and who were female (b = −2.10, P < .05) reported decreased DP. Being married (b = 2.87, P < .01), increased clinical hours (b = 0.77, P < .001), and social stress (b = 0.59, P < .05) resulted in increased DP. Increased PA was seen in students intending to pursue graduate education (b = 1.76, P < .05) and female students (b = 1.17, P < .05). Graduate students' stress levels revealed increased EE (b = 6.57, P < .01) and DP (b = 0.98, P < .05). Differences exist between undergraduate and graduate burnout scores and associated predictors. Further research is needed to identify student responses to burnout.
Public perceptions of deer management in Scotland: the impact of place of residence, knowledge and demographic factors

ABSTRACT Deer have a prominent public and political profile in Scotland because of their iconic status, environmental and socio-economic impacts, and the long-running controversies surrounding their management. However, few studies have examined public perceptions of deer management. This article investigates whether rural and urban place of residence and other demographic factors are significant influences on public perceptions of deer management. A survey (n = 184) in rural and urban locations in Scotland explored public perceptions of deer management in contrasting localities. Place of residence, demographic information and self-reported knowledge levels were analysed to examine their impact on perceptions. Respondents generally agreed that deer management is necessary, with fencing and culling the first and second most preferred management options. Rural or urban place of residence had a limited influence on opinions of deer management, with engagement in land-based employment playing a more important role. Self-reported understanding of deer management was the most important factor in shaping opinions; those with greater knowledge were more likely to support deer culling. The findings suggest that improved public education concerning the need for deer management would be beneficial, increasing public understanding of management practices.
Joint Dependence of Longwave Feedback on Surface Temperature and Relative Humidity

Various studies have suggested that Earth's clear‐sky outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) varies linearly with surface temperature, with a longwave clear‐sky feedback that is, independent of surface temperature and relative humidity. However, this uniformity conflicts with the notion that humidity controls tropical stability (e.g., the “furnace” and “radiator fins” of Pierrehumbert (1995, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052%3C1784:TRFATL%3E2.0. CO;2)). Here, we use a column model to explore the dependence of longwave clear‐sky feedback on both surface temperature and relative humidity. We find that a strong humidity dependence in the feedback emerges above 275 K, which stems from the closing of the H2 O window, and that the furnace and radiator fins are consequences of this dependence. We then clarify that radiator fins are better characterized by tropical variations in clear‐sky feedback than OLR. Finally, we construct a simple model for estimating the all‐sky feedback and find that although clouds lower the magnitude of longwave feedback, the humidity‐dependence persists.
The Protective Role of Early Prosocial Behaviours Against Young Turkish Children’s Later Internalizing and Externalizing Problems

ABSTRACT This study examined the protective roles of early prosocial behaviours (at age 4) on later internalizing and externalizing problems (at age 6) and to what extent emotion regulation skills (at age 5) mediated these longitudinal associations in children from Turkey. Participants were 293 Turkish preschool children (M age = 49.01 months; 141 girls). Results showed that higher prosocial behaviours at age 4 were linked to higher emotion regulation at age 5, which, in turn, was linked to less internalizing problems at age 6. Additionally, prosocial behaviours at age 4 were negatively linked to emotional lability at age 5, which, in turn, was positively linked to externalizing problems at age 6. We also found that higher prosocial behaviours at age 4 were directly and negatively linked to both internalizing and externalizing problems at age 6. These results were robust for boys and girls and children who lived in big and small cities. Overall, there was supportive evidence on the protective roles of earlier prosocial behaviours on later internalizing and externalizing problems. These findings extend existing models of risk and resilience to a sample of children from a non-Western, relatively collectivist-oriented culture and inform our understanding of these posited relations in young children.
Leadership Style, Organization Culture, Motivation, and Principal Supervision of Teachers

This study aimed to analyze the effect of leadership style, organizational culture, motivation and principal supervision of teachers on teacher performance at elementary schools in Malang Regency, Indonesia. The results of this study showed that, simultaneously, leadership style, organizational culture, motivation, and principal supervision of teachers had a significant effect on teacher performance. Partially there was no significant influence of leadership style and motivation of school principals on teacher performance, while organizational culture and principal supervision had a significant effect on teacher performance. Keywords—leadership style, organizational culture, motivation, principal supervision of teachers, teacher performance