Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Qualitative Study to Explore the Socioeconomic Status of Women Working in Livestock Production

Purpose: Rural women comprise of one quarter of the total world population, and they are considered key agents for achieving the transformational economic, environmental and social changes required for sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to assess the socioeconomic status of women working in livestock activities and to find out the impact of this work on their lives Design/Methodology/Approach: Data was collected from three different villages of District Rahim Yar Khan Punjab Province, Pakistan. In-depth interviews were conducted from a selected group of ten rural women, which were further divided into two groups based on age. Findings: The thematic analysis revealed the deprived socioeconomic status and vulnerabilities reported by women working in this sector in rural areas. Although financial benefits are reported as a positive impact, health risks, work and gender related issues surfaced the negative impact of this work on their lives. Implications/Originality/Value: The findings indicate the need of women friendly policies and development projects to facilitate women’s work in the livestock sector to improve their socioeconomic conditions and well-being
Psychological impact of COVID-19 amongst pregnant women in Conakry, Guinea. A cross- sectional study

Almamy Touré (  almamy@maferinyah.org ) Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Mafèrinyah, Forécariah. Abdourahamane Diallo Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Ignace Deen, Service de Gynécologie, Conakry Aboubacar Magassouba Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry Abdoulaye Doumbouya Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Mafèrinyah, Forécariah. Ibrahima Conté Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Ignace Deen, Service de Gynécologie, Conakry Gnoume Camara Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry Aïssatou Diallo Université Ko Annan de Guinée, Conakry Mamadou Diallo Université Ko Annan de Guinée, Conakry Abdelkader Ateib Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Mafèrinyah, Forécariah. Abdourahim Cissé Sightsavers, Conakry Asmaou Diallo Le Fonds des Nations Unies pour la population (FNUAP), Conakry Abdoul Beavogui Centre National de Formation et de Recherche en Santé Rurale de Mafèrinyah, Forécariah.
Effect of spatial variability on undrained triaxial test of cement-admixed soil

The material properties of cement-admixed soil vary spatially. Statistical parameters such as mean, coefficient of variation and scale of fluctuation were used to characterize the spatial variability of cement-admixed soil. In this paper, an advanced constitutive model for cement-admixed marine clay is firstly randomized by relating model parameters to mix ratios and hence binder concentration. This makes it possible to estimate behavior of spatially varying cement-admixed soil before construction. Then a random finite element analysis with fully-coupled consolidation analysis is performed to simulate the undrained behavior of cement-admixed soil with spatially varying properties in specimen-scale. Results show that existence of spatial variability reduces the overall strength of specimen and a “worst case” occurs when SOF is approximately one third of the diameter of specimen.
Dialogue, Debate, and Discussion Inside-Out Interviews: Cross-Cultural Research in China

There is a paucity of research exploring the use of local facilitators in cross-cultural research in Chinese cultural contexts and the impact this may have on data generation and knowledge creation. Addressing this gap, this paper critically reflects on cross-cultural interviews in Hong Kong. The reflection is centred on the experience of interviewing as an outsider to the culture of the participants and later working alongside an insider. While insider and outsider positionalities are formed from a multitude of intersectional characteristics, both gender and nationality emerged as primary influencers in this context. This paper contributes to the methodologically oriented literature by making salient the complexities of deciphering the multitude of influences originating from the researcher ’ s positionality in relation to research others. Specifically, this paper highlights how both insider and outsider positionalities generate different, but complementary data through the exploration of participant ’ s responses. ‘ It ’ s a Chinese thing ’ or comments equating to it ’ s a woman ’ s thing were used by participants to either limit responses or expand and offer additional information, and the juxtaposition of these responses with those given to an insider help to highlight what this might mean for knowledge creation.
Reconstruction of warm season temperatures in central Europe during the past 60,000 years from lacustrine GDGTs

10 Millennial-scale climate variations during the last glacial period, such as Dansgaard – Oeschger (D/O) cycles and Heinrich events, have been extensively studied using ice core and marine proxy records. However, there is a limited understanding of the magnitude of these temperature fluctuations in continental regions, and questions remain about the seasonal signal of these climate events. This study presents a 60,000-year long temperature reconstruction based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) extracted from lake sediments from the Eifel volcanic field, Germany. brGDGTs are bacterial 15 membrane lipids that are known to have strong relationship with temperature, making them suitable for temperature reconstructions. We test several temperature calibration models on modern samples taken from soils and multiple maar lakes. We find a bias associated with water depth and anoxic conditions that can be corrected for by accounting for a brGDGT isomer that is only produced in anoxic conditions. The corrected temperature reconstruction correlates with proxy and model temperature record spanning the same time period, validating the calibration model. However, millennial-scale variability is 20 significantly dampened in the brGDGT record, and in contrast to other northern hemisphere climate records, during several Heinrich stadials, temperatures actually increase. We demonstrate that these apparent discrepancies can be explained by the unique seasonal response of the brGDGT paleothermometer to temperatures of months above freezing (TMAF). Our data support the view that warm season temperatures in Europe varied minimally during the last glacial period, and that abrupt millennial-scale events were defined by colder, longer winters. Our continuous high-resolution temperature reconstruction 25 provides important information about the magnitude of seasonal climate variability during the last glacial period that can be used to test climate models and inform studies of paleoecological change
Inositol pyrophosphate dynamics in yeast reveals control of the PHO starvation program through 1,5-IP 8 and the SPX domain of the CDK inhibitor Pho81

Eukaryotic cells control cytosolic phosphate to balance its role as essential macronutrient with its negative bioenergetic impacts. Phosphate homeostasis depends on a conserved signaling pathway including inositol pyrophosphates (PP-IPs) and SPX receptor domains. Since cells synthesize various PP-IPs and SPX domains bind them promiscuously, it is unclear whether a specific PP-IP regulates SPX domains in vivo, or whether multiple PP-IPs act as a pool. In contrast to previous models, which postulated that phosphate starvation is signaled by increased 1-IP 7 production, we now show that the levels of all detectable PP-IPs of yeast, 1-IP 7 , 5-IP 7 and 1,5-IP 8 , strongly decline upon phosphate starvation. Among these, specifically the decline of 1,5-IP 8 triggers the transcriptional phosphate starvation response, the PHO pathway. 1,5-IP 8 inactivates the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Pho81 through its SPX domain. This stimulates the cyclin-dependent kinase Pho85/Pho80 to phosphorylate the transcription factor Pho4 and repress the PHO pathway. Combining our results with observations from other systems we propose a unified model where 1,5-IP 8 signals cytosolic phosphate abundance to SPX proteins in fungi, plants, and mammals. Its absence triggers starvation responses.
Measuring locational equity and accessibility of neighborhood parks in Kansas City, Missouri

Recent research has focused on assessing equity with regards to location of public services and the population served. Instead of equality, equity involves providing services in proportion to need, rather than equal access for everyone. This study uses three commonly identified measures of accessibility (minimum distance, travel cost, and gravity potential) to assess how equitable higher-need residential populations of Kansas City, MO are served by neighborhood parks. Using Census 2000, socio-economic block group data, areas with high population concentrations of African-American and Hispanic populations, as well as areas of high density and low income are characterized as having the most need. However, correlations of higher-need populations with the accessibility measures reveal patterns of equity within the Kansas City. MO study area. Results indicated that while most of the high need population was adequately and equitably served by neighborhood parks, there were still block groups that did not have access to this type of public resource. This research follows methods proposed in previous studies that utilize the spatial mapping and analysis capabilities of ArcGIS and promote the use of these tools for city planners and future park development and decisions.
WITH N ONLINEAR M ARKET I MPACT : A N A LTERNATIVE S OLUTION M ETHOD

We consider the optimal trade execution strategies for a large portfolio of single stocks proposed by Almgren (2003). This framework accounts for a nonlinear impact of trades on average market prices. The results of Almgren (2003) are based on the assumption that no shares of assets per unit of time are trade at the beginning of the period. We propose a general solution method that accomodates the case of a positive stock of assets in the initial period. Our ﬁndings are twofold. First of all, we show that the problem admits a solution with no trading in the opening period only if additional parametric restrictions are imposed. Second, with positive asset holdings in the initial period, the optimal execution time depends on trading activity at the beginning of the planning period.
, outcomes of discrimination to racialized immigrants

The purpose of the present article is to examine self-employment and a sample of micro-enterprises of Brazilian immigrants in Toronto, Canada, and to unveil their social networking mechanisms, the influence of their culture, and human capital. The methodology encompassed the application of 74 questionnaires to Brazilian-Canadian entrepreneurs and 42 semi-structured interviews, aiming at understanding their experiences and relationships. The contributions include stating economic insecurity, political instability, and violence as reasons for migration and showing that social capital is essential for starting and developing a business as entrepreneurs often were driven out of necessity due to barriers in the labor market. As an exploratory study, the article is limited to discussing descriptive aspects of the Brazilian community of entrepreneurs. However, its implications might encompass new studies that involve creating migration policies for newcomers, longitudinal studies, or comparisons with other ethnicities.
On the spatial calibration of imperfect climate models

The calibration of Earth System Model parameters is subject to both data, time and computational constraints. The high dimensionality of this calibration problem, combined with errors which arise from model structural assumptions makes it impossible to find model versions fully consistent with historical observations, with the potential for multiple plausible configurations which make different tradeoffs between skill in different variables or spatial regions. In this study, we lay out a formalism for making different assumptions about how ensemble variability in a Perturbed Physics Ensemble (PPE) relates to 5 model error, proposing an empirical but practical solution for finding diverse near-optimal solutions. We argue that the effective degrees of freedom in model performance response to parameter input (the ’parametric component’) is, in fact, relatively small, illustrating why manual calibration is often able to find near-optimal solutions. Comparison with a perturbed initial condition ensemble reveals that internal variability associated with this parametric component of model error is negligible. Finally, there is a potential for comparably performing parameter configurations making different trade-offs in model errors. These alternative 10 configurations can inform model development and could potentially lead to significantly different future climate evolution.
Genetic parameters analysis of conformation traits and milk production traits in Chinese Holsteins

Background: The objective of this study was to explore the genetic parameters of conformation traits and milk production traits of Chinese Holstein cattles in Northwest China, and to provide a reference for dairy cattle breeding in this region. The phenotypic data of 23 conformation traits and 5 milk production traits of 7,930 Chinese Holsteins from 18 pastures from 2007 to 2020 were collected. With �eld, identi�cation season, calving season, and appraiser effect as a �xed effect and individual additive genetic effect as a random effect, DMU package and AIREML combined with EM algorithm were used to estimate the genetic parameters of conformation traits and milk production traits. Results: The estimated heritability of conformation traits ranged from 0.11 (angularity) to 0.37 (heel dept), and the genetic correlation between conformation traits ranged from -0.73 (bone quality and rear leg-rear view) to 0.76 (chest width and loin strength). The estimated values of genetic correlation between conformation traits and milk production traits ranged from -0.31 (pin setting and milk yield) to 0.34 (stature and milk yield), -0.33 (pin setting and 305-d fat) to 0.57 (breast texture and 305-d fat), -0.32 (pin setting and 305-d protein) to 0.38 (udder texture and 305-d protein), and -0.43, respectively (heel dept and somatic cell score) ~ 0.34 (body depth and somatic cell score) and -0.56 (foot angle and 305-d milk yield) ~ 0.32 (body depth and 305-d milk yield). There was a positive genetic correlation between most conformation traits and 305-d fat and 305-d protein, but a weak genetic negative correlation with milk yield. Conclusions: Strengthening the selection of medium and high heritability of milk production traits and conformation traits, especially the selection of rear udder traits and body shape total score, was bene�cial to improve the performance of dairy cows.
Department Socioeconomics Market Discipline Across Bank Governance Models. Empirical Evidence from German Depositors.

German savers are renowned for preferring safe, long-term investments, thus providing patient capital, with bank deposits playing an important role. Using a unique data set provided by the Deutsche Bundesbank for German banks, we examine whether German depositors are really that patient, abstaining from any type of market discipline, and how the ﬁnancial crisis might have changed a well-established habit. Our empirical investigation reveals the existence of market discipline with a high degree of heterogeneity depending on banks’ governance structures. The announcement of a state guarantee for bank deposits following the collapse of Lehman Brothers succeeded in calming depositors of all banking groups but did not remove market discipline entirely. Remaining disciplinary reactions by depositors of diﬀerent banking groups increase in homogeneity but some diﬀerences remain.
Vault with Orbital and Brain Invasion Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma of the Cranial Imaging Characteristics of Diffuse Primary

Summary: We herein present the imaging findings in a case of diffuse primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma of the cranial vault with orbital and brain invasion. MR imaging revealed first concomitant orbital and parenchymal invasion in a case of primary diffuse non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the cranial vault. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging revealed a diffuse mass in the scalp of the frontoparietal region bilaterally and invasion of the right orbit and left fronto-parietal lobe. Histologic and immunopathologic examinations revealed diffuse primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma.
Practice Of Real Earnings Managementand Its Impact On Firm Value: Evidence From India

In this research we should examined motive behind the practice of real earnings management by managers in the Indian firms. Using a large data of listed Indian firms First, our study indicates the practice of real activity earnings management with a motive of improving the firm value, second improved firm value leads to higher compensation for the managers and finally we demonstrate managers practice of earnings management for not only avoiding losses but also to report earnings closer to industry averages. Our research advances the existing literature on earnings management by studying the motives for real activity earnings management, and family firms. Our study has practical and research implications to the investors, lenders, suppliers, academicians, policy makers, and regulators as the practice of real earnings management is detrimental to the economy.
Globalization and Manufacturing Sector Growth in Nigeria

he paper examined the impact of globalization on manufacturing sector T growth in Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to examine how trade intensity index, portfolio investments and trade restrictions impact on the growth of the manufacturing sector in Nigeria. Data collection covered the period of 1980 to 2016 and the sources comprise CBN statistical Bulletin and United Nations World Bank Index. The methods employed in analyzing the data are test for Phillips-Perron unit root, Johansen co-integration and parsimonious error correction model (ECM). The results of the unit root test indicated that all the variables were stationary at first difference. The Johansen co-integration test results disclosed that the variables are co-integrated. The error correction model result showed that manufacturing sector growth lagged for one period is positively related to current growth of the manufacturing sector. Also, trade intensity index has significant positive impact on manufacturing sector growth. Thus, a percentage increase in trade intensity index induces 0.145 percent increase in manufacturing sector growth. On the other hand, trade restrictions exerted significant negative impact on manufacturing sector growth. Thus, one percent increase in trade restrictions in the form of tariffs, decreases manufacturing sector growth by 0.004 percent. Again, portfolio investment exerted a negative and insignificant impact on manufacturing sector growth. The ECM (-0.0229) revealed that convergence of the model is possible at a speed of 2.29 percent. It is obvious from these results that combinations of the underlying explanatory variables are reliable sources of predicting changes in manufacturing sector growth. Therefore, the study recommended that policy makers should ensure that Nigeria leveraged on the gains of globalization by focusing on producing and exporting manufactured goods in which it enjoins comparative advantage and cost effectiveness.
Satisficing Response Behavior Across Time: Assessing Negative Panel Conditioning Using an Experimental Design with Six Repetitions

Satisficing response behavior can be a threat to the quality of survey responses. Past research has provided broad empirical evidence on the existence of satisficing and its consequences on data quality, however, relatively little is known about the extent of satisficing over the course of a panel study and its impact on response quality in later waves. Drawing on panel conditioning research, we use question design experiments to investigate whether learning e ff ects across waves of a panel study cause changes in the extent of satisficing and if so, whether general survey experience (learning of the survey process) or familiarity with specific question contents (learning of the questionnaire content) accounts for those changes. We use data from a longitudinal survey experiment comprising six panel waves administered within a German non-probability online access panel. To investigate the underlying mechanism of possible learning e ff ects, the experimental study randomly assigned respondents to di ff erent frequencies of receiving identical question contents over the six panel waves. Our results show the existence of satisficing in every panel wave, which is in its magnitude similar to the extent of satisficing in the probability-based GESIS Panel that we use as a benchmark study. However, we did not find changes in the extent of satisficing across panel waves, nor did we find moderation e ff ects of the interval between the waves, respondents’ cognitive ability, or motivation. Additional validity analyses showed that satisficing does not only a ff ect the distribution of individual estimates by 15 percent or more but also can have an e ff ect on associations between variables
Macroeconomic Factors and Stock Return of Firms Listed at the Securities Exchanges in East Africa

This study examined the relationship between macro-economic factors and stock returns of 96 firms listed in East African Stock Exchanges over the period 2016 - 2020. The macro-economic variables were foreign exchange rate, gross domestic product, interest rate and inflation rate. Regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between the variables. The results showed that foreign exchange rate negatively and significantly affects stock returns. The findings suggest that when the foreign exchange rate of a country increases, it negatively affects stock performance and thus the returns of stocks decrease. Policies should thus be put in place to ensure foreign exchange rate is kept constant or lower in order to attract investors and enhance stock returns. The results also showed that gross domestic product positively and significantly affects stock returns. The findings imply that when gross domestic product of a country increases, stock returns increase. Policies should be put in place that ensures growth in gross domestic product in order to enhance stock returns. The results also show that inflation rate negatively and significantly affects stock returns. The findings suggest that when inflation increases in a country it results in decrease in stock returns. Policies should thus be established to curb inflation and enhance stock returns. The results also show that interest rate negatively and significantly affects stock returns. The results imply that when the rate of interest increases in a country, stock returns decrease. Policies that ensure low interest rates should be put in place in order to boost stock returns. This study demonstrates that macroeconomic variables significantly affect stock returns. Therefore, we recommend that governments and other stakeholders should put in place proper macro prudential policies in order to encourage investments and boost stock returns. We also recommend that regulators and policymakers should come up with policies and regulations that will stabilize inflation, reduce or stabilize interest rates, stabilize or reduce exchange rates and also ensure growth in GDP. We suggest that future research may focus on data from developed and developing countries to compare and contrast the effect of macro prudential policies adopted in the various countries and its effects on stock returns.