Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-local acute stretching effects on strength performance in healthy young adults: A scoping review

Background: Unilateral fatigue and static stretching (SS) can impair performance and increase range of motion of a non-exercised or non-stretched muscle respectively. An underdeveloped research area is the effect of unilateral stretching on non-local force output. Objective: The objective of this review was to describe the effects of unilateral SS on contralateral, non-stretched, muscle force and identify gaps in the literature for future research. Methods: A systematic literature search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines was performed according to prescribed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Weighted means and ranges highlighted the non-local force output response to unilateral stretching. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess study risk of bias and methodological quality. Results: Unilateral stretching protocols, from six studies, involved 6.3±2 repetitions of 36.3±7.4 seconds with 19.3±5.7 seconds recovery between stretches. The mean stretch-induced force deficits exhibited small magnitude effect sizes for both the stretched (-0.35: 0.01 to -1.8) and contralateral, non-stretched, muscles (-0.22: 0.08 to -1.1). Control measures exhibited trivial deficits. Further research should investigate effects of lower intensity stretching, upper versus lower body stretching, different age groups, incorporate full warm-ups, and identify predominant mechanisms among others. Conclusion: The limited literature examining non-local effects of prolonged SS revealed that both the stretched and contralateral, non-stretched, limbs of young adults demonstrate small magnitude decrements in force output. However, the frequency of these effects were similar with three measures demonstrating deficits, and four measures showing trivial changes. These results highlight the possible global effects of prolonged SS.
Longshore Transport Estimation on Ofir Beach in Northwest Portugal: Sand-Tracer Experiment

AbstractThis work aims to shed some light on longshore sediment transport (LST) in the highly energetic northwest coast of Portugal. Data achieved through a sand-tracer experiment are compared with data obtained from the original and the new re-evaluated longshore sediment transport formulas (USACE Waterways Experiment Station’s Coastal Engineering and Research Center, Kamphuis, and Bayram bulk formulas) to assess their performance. The field experiment with dyed sand was held at Ofir Beach during one tidal cycle under medium wave-energy conditions. Local hydrodynamic conditions and beach topography were recorded. The tracer was driven southward in response to the local swell and wind- and wave-induced currents (Hsb=0.75m, Tp=11.5s, θb=8−12°). The LST was estimated by using a linear sediment transport flux approach. The obtained value (2.3×10−3m3⋅s−1) approached the estimation provided by the original Bayram formula (2.5×10−3m3⋅s−1). The other formulas overestimated the transport, but the estimations resu.
Temperature Microstructure in Powell Lake

Abstract Measurements of the vertical component of the temperature gradient in Powell Lake show phenomena similar to those observed in the ocean. The gradient is an irregular function of depth, with temperature inversions indicating static instability of the water column on the centimeter scale. The lower portion of the lake contains old sea water. Doubly diffusive layers were found only near the very bottom of the lake and another form of thermohaline circulation may exist for 60 m above the layers.
Evaluating the performance of a land Surface / ecosystem model with biophysical measurements from contrasting environments

Five sets of biophysical and hydrological measurements from across the globe are used to test the performance of the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS) [Foley et al., 1996] in reproducing short-term and long-term evolution of soil moisture and temperature, surface energy fluxes and CO2 fluxes. The sites include a soybean crop in southwestern France (HAPEX-MOBILHY, 1986), a meadow in the Netherlands (Cabauw, 1987), a grassland in Russia (Valday-Usadievskiy, 1966–1983), a prairie in Kansas (FIFE, site 16, 1987–1989), and a tropical forest in Brazil (ABRACOS, Reserva Jaru, 1992–1993). IBIS adequately reproduces the evolution of the soil moisture together with the surface fluxes for those five different sites while only imposing a small number of site specific parameters describing vegetation characteristics and soil texture. The quality of the simulations is improved when detailed information regarding soil texture, rooting profiles, and leaf area index are available.
Identifying the magnetotail source region leading to preonset poleward boundary intensifications

Substorm auroral onset is often preceded by plasma sheet flow bursts, poleward boundary intensifications (PBIs), and subsequent auroral streamers, suggesting that enhanced transient flows in the plasma sheet propagating toward the near‐Earth plasma sheet play an important role in leading to substorm onset. This study aims at determining the magnetotail source region of preonset PBIs and plasma sheet flows by using the ARTEMIS spacecraft coordinated with the THEMIS all‐sky imager array. ARTEMIS has an advantage of measuring flows between the nominal near‐Earth neutral line (NENL) and distant neutral line (DNL) locations, and thus, the flow direction allows identifying which source region is dominant. We found three preonset conjunction events, and all cases show earthward flow bursts ~10–30 min before substorm onset when PBIs and streamers are detected in the conjugate ionosphere. This time lag is sufficiently long to bring plasma from the ARTEMIS location toward the near‐Earth plasma sheet before onset. The earthward flow direction indicates that preonset enhanced flow channels leading to precursor PBIs originate from further downtail of ARTEMIS, possibly from DNL rather than from NENL. The flow direction changes to tailward after the substorm onset, suggesting that NENL is not related to preonset flow and auroral activity but becomes active during the expansion phase.
Dietary factors, gut microbiota, and serum trimethylamine-N-oxide associated with cardiovascular disease in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

BACKGROUND Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a diet-derived and gut microbiota-related metabolite, is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, major dietary determinants and specific gut bacterial taxa related to TMAO remain to be identified in humans. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify dietary and gut microbial factors associated with circulating TMAO. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 3972 participants (57.3% women) aged 18-74 y from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos in the United States. Dietary information was collected by 24-h dietary recalls at baseline interview (2008-2011), and baseline serum TMAO and its precursors were measured by an untargeted approach. Gut microbiome was profiled by shotgun metagenomic sequencing in a subset of participants (n = 626) during a follow-up visit (2016-2018). Logistic and linear regression were used to examine associations of inverse-normalized metabolites with prevalent CVD, dietary intake, and bacterial species, respectively, after adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors. RESULTS TMAO was positively associated with prevalent CVD (case number = 279; OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.54, per 1-SD). Fish (P = 1.26 × 10-17), red meat (P = 3.33 × 10-16), and egg (P = 3.89 × 10-5) intakes were top dietary factors positively associated with TMAO. We identified 9 gut bacterial species significantly associated with TMAO (false discovery rate <0.05). All 4 species positively associated with TMAO belong to the order Clostridiales, of which 3 might have homologous genes encoding carnitine monooxygenase, an enzyme converting carnitine to trimethylamine (TMA). The red meat-TMAO association was more pronounced in participants with higher abundances of these 4 species compared with those with lower abundance (Pinteraction = 0.013), but such microbial modification was not observed for fish-TMAO or egg-TMAO associations. CONCLUSION In US Hispanics/Latinos, fish, red meat, and egg intakes are major dietary factors associated with serum TMAO. The identified potential TMA-producing gut microbiota and microbial modification on the red meat-TMAO association support microbial TMA production from dietary carnitine, whereas the fish-TMAO association is independent of gut microbiota.
Temporal and spatial scales of observed soil moisture variations in the extratropics

Scales of soil moisture variations are important for understanding patterns of climate change, for developing and evaluating land surface models, for designing surface soil moisture observation networks, and for determining the appropriate resolution for satellite-based remote sensing instruments for soil moisture. Here we take advantage of a new archive of in situ soil moisture observations from Illinois and Iowa in the United States, and from Russia, Mongolia, and China, to evaluate the observed temporal and spatial scales of soil moisture variations. We separate the variance into two components, the very small scale, determined by soils, topography, vegetation, and root structure, and the large scale forced by the atmosphere. This larger scale, determined by precipitation and evaporation patterns, is of interest for global climate modeling. We characterize the small scale as white noise for our analysis, keeping in mind that it is an important component of soil moisture variations for other problems. We find that the atmospheric spatial scale for all regions is about 500 km. The atmospheric temporal scale is about 2 months for the top 1-m soil layer. The temporal scale for the top 10-cm layer is slightly less than 2 months. The white noise component of the variance for temporal variations ranges from 50% for the top 10 cm to 20–40% for the top 1 m. For spatial variations the white noise component is the same for all depths but varies with region from 30% for Illinois to around 70% for Mongolia. Nevertheless, the red noise (atmospheric component) can be seen in all regions. These results are for Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes and would not necessarily apply to other latitudes. The results are based on observations taken from grassland or agricultural areas, and may not be similar to those of areas with other vegetation types. In China, a region with substantial latitudinal variation, the temporal scale for the top 1 m varies from 1 month in the south to 2.5 months in the north, demonstrating the control of potential evaporation on the temporal scales. Seasonal analysis of the scales of soil moisture for Illinois shows that during the winter the temporal scales are long, though the spatial scales are short. We suggest that these variations are both attributable to the seasonal cycle of potential evaporation.
An overview of a natural analogue study of the Tono Uranium Deposit, central Japan

The basic concept of deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste is to isolate the waste from the human environment for the long term. Because the Japanese islands are located in a geologically active area, geological phenomena such as exhumation and fault activity must be considered by any safety assessment connected with deep geological disposal. The Tono Uranium Deposit, central Japan, has been affected by such geological phenomena during the interval since its formation, and so it is a suitable analogue for evaluating how this might be done. The present natural analogue study of the Tono Uranium Deposit (Tono Natural Analogue Project) was started in 2001 with the main aim of studying a so-called ‘worst-case scenario’ for performance assessment (PA). The project involved characterizing the geology, hydrogeology, geochemistry and microbiology of the deposit and obtaining quantitative information about specific times in the past, as a means for developing, and building confidence in, conceptual and numerical models. This project applied systems analysis, which has been widely undertaken in PAs of deep geological isolation. Systems analysis involves a systematic identification, classification and screening of features, events and process (FEPs) that occur or have occurred in and around the deposit. Based on the site data, important FEPs were identified.
Partial melting of the Broken Hill Galena-Sphalerite ore: Experimental studies in the system PbS-FeS-ZnS-(Ag2S)

For many years the genesis of the Broken Hill Pb-Zn-Ag deposit has been, and continues to be, hotly debated, mostly because many of the original characteristics of the deposit have been obscured by high-grade metamorphism and deformation. Metamorphism not only overprinted the deposit but fundamentally modified the sulfides through metamorphic remobilization. Based on experimental studies it had also been speculated that partial melting of the sulfides may have occurred. The lack of experimental data at elevated pressures in the PbS-FeS-ZnS system has limited this suggestion to mere speculation. We present the results of an experimental study of the melting behavior of sulfides, which show that Broken Hill ores must have been partially molten under peak metamorphic conditions.
Rapid climatic shifts of the northern Norwegian Sea during the last deglaciation and the Holocene

High resolution cores from the upper continental slope, northern Norwegian Sea, document rapid climatic fluctuations during the latest deglaciation and the Holocene. Based on down‐core analysis of planktic and benthic foraminifera, stable oxygen and carbon isotopes, carbonate and organic carbon and radiocarbon dating, the following evolution is proposed: sea‐ice cover broke up, the surface ocean warmed and an in situ benthic foraminiferal fauna was established at 12 500 BP. The Younger Dryas was characterized by reduced sedimentaion and foraminiferal production, due to surface ocean cooling. At the end of the Younger Dryas there were major shifts in both surface and bottom water conditions. The surface ocean warmed to temperatures similar to modern levels within < 100 years, reaching a maximum at about 9200 BP when foraminiferal production was high. A benthic foraminiferal assemblage indicative of bottom water conditions similar to present conditions was established at 10 000 BP. This was followed by a gradual decline in nutrients or an increase in ventilation of the bottom water throughout the Holocene. A gradual surface ocean cooling of c. 2°C ended around 6500 BP followed by a second warming that culminated at 2000 BP. The warming at the end of the Younger Dryas and the succeeding older Holocene temperature maximum correlate to a June insolation maximum in the northern hemisphere. In addition, fluctuating surface temperatures in the Holocene may be driven by variations in inflow of Atlantic Water.
The Shape of Mars and the Topographic Signature of the Hemispheric Dichotomy

Reanalysis of occultation data from the Mariner 9 and Viking Orbiter spacecraft to determine the shape of Mars indicated that the hemispheric dichotomy is not a fundamental feature of the shape of the planet. It is a consequence of an approximately 3-kilometer offset between Mars's center of mass and center of figure, and the boundary, along most of its length, consists of broad, gradual surface slopes over distances of thousands of kilometers. This result was supported by analysis of high spatial resolution Earth-based radar topographic profiles. Any successful model for the origin of the dichotomy must explain a planet with an ellipsoidal shape and a long wavelength gradual topographic transition between the northern and southern hemispheres.
Bacteriemia por Chryseobacterium indologenes em diabético em hemodiálise ambulatorial

Chryseobacterium indologenes is a low-virulent bacterium found in the environment, which is rarely associated with non-nosocomial infections. Most infections caused by this pathogen are associated with the use of invasive devices in hospitalized patients. This study reports the case of a diabetic patient with chronic renal disease presenting episodes of bacteremia undergoing ambulatory hemodialysis with permcath catheter.
Planktonic foraminiferal area density as a proxy for carbonate ion concentration: A calibration study using the Cariaco Basin ocean time series

[1] Biweekly sediment trap samples and concurrent hydrographic measurements collected between March 2005 and October 2008 from the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, are used to assess the relationship between [CO32−] and the area densities (ρA) of two species of planktonic foraminifera (Globigerinoides ruber (pink) and Globigerinoides sacculifer). Calcification temperatures were calculated for each sample using species-appropriate oxygen isotope (δ18O) temperature equations that were then compared to monthly temperature profiles taken at the study site in order to determine calcification depth. Ambient [CO32−] was determined for these calcification depths using alkalinity, pH, temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentration measurements taken during monthly hydrographic cruises. The ρA, which is representative of calcification efficiency, is determined by dividing individual foraminiferal shell weights (±0.43 µg) by their associated silhouette areas and taking the sample average. The results of this study show a strong correlation between ρA and ambient [CO32−] for both G. ruber and G. sacculifer (R2 = 0.89 and 0.86, respectively), confirming that [CO32−] has a pronounced effect on the calcification of these species. Though the ρA for both species reveal a highly significant (p < 0.001) relationship with ambient [CO32−], linear regression reveals that the extent to which [CO32−] influences foraminiferal calcification is species specific. Hierarchical regression analyses indicate that other environmental parameters (temperature and [PO43−]) do not confound the use of G. ruber and G. sacculifer ρA as a predictor for [CO32−]. This study suggests that G. ruber and G. sacculifer ρA can be used as reliable proxies for past surface ocean [CO32−].
Autumn and winter daily precipitation areas in Wales, 1982-1983 to 1986-1987

Daily precipitation data from 121 sites for five autumn-winter seasons (September to January, 1982–1983 to 1986–1987) have been analysed to determine discrete precipitation areas within Wales, using S-mode principal components (PCA) and cluster analyses. Using unrotated PCA, much of the variation in daily precipitation is explained by the first five PCs, representing an accumulated variance of 75.7 per cent. The first four PCs appear to relate respectively to: altitude (60.8 per cent of the total variance explained), an exposure effect relative to north or north-east winds (6.0 per cent), a ‘westerly exposure’ effect (4.2 per cent) and an ‘easterly exposure’ effect (2.9 per cent). The fifth PC, with high scores only over Ynys Mǒn and Gwent, could not be attributed to any particular influence. Oblique rotation produced a better simple structure, enhanced the apparent importance of exposure to wind from the main compass directions, but lessened that of altitude. Three methods of clustering PCs were subsequently tried on the Oblimin solution: centroid, median and Ward. The precipitation areas produced by each were broadly similar, and the boundaries between them often coincided with clear topographic units, influenced by exposure and shelter effects. The Ward technique yielded the areas best defined in terms of topography and exposure, and best satisfied criteria determined by the nature of the data themselves.
Outcome of secondary acute myeloid leukemia treated with hypomethylating agent plus venetoclax (HMA-Ven) or liposomal daunorubicin-cytarabine (CPX-351)

and hypomethylating agents (HMAs) induce high response rates in including Recent studies disclosed higher rates of infection in patients with the classic Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). 1-3 Importantly, this increased propensity to infections appears to be inherent to the disease itself, irrespective of cytoreductive therapy. 2,3 The risk of death due to infection is also increased in the MPN population compared to controls. 2,4 From a real-world vantage point, an informative large-scale European study recently found relatively high rates of infection (50.5%) in their MPN cohort, more pronounced in those patients with myelofibrosis (MF) and/or receiving ruxolitinib (RUX) therapy. However, further contemporary data examining the direct impact of MPN subtype, driver mutation, disease-directed therapy, prophylaxis and vaccination, and select concurrent medication on infection rates in MPN remain scarce. No such studies have been con-ducted, to our knowledge, in Canada, and few – if any, in North America. Moreover, the rates of Covid-19 infection and associated clinical consequences in a large unselected, real-world MPN cohort have not previously been assessed. The objectives of this pan-provincial population-based study were accordingly to evaluate: (i) infection frequency and types; (ii) common prophylactic measures; and (iii) influence of molecular background, disease-directed therapy, and concomitant medications, on infection outcomes in patients with Philadelphia-negative MPN included in an extensive Quebec registry. The current prospective study included five academic centers across Quebec, Canada. The diagnosis of polycythemia vera (PV),
Sphaerapus, A Poorly Known Invertebrate Trace Fossil From Nonmarine Permian and Jurassic Strata of North America

In 1858, Edward Hitchcock named Sphaerapus larvalis and S. magnus for burrows from the nonmarine Lower Jurassic Turners Falls Formation in Massachusetts. Walpia hermitensis White, 1929, from the Lower Permian Hermit Shale, Arizona, is also a little known ichnotaxon. Examination of the type material indicates that Sphaerapus is a senior subjective synonym of Walpia. Sphaerapus is also a nomen oblitum, but Walpia has not been sufficiently used to replace its senior synonym as a conserved name; thus, we use the senior synonym Sphaerapus as the valid name of this ichnogenus, which is monospecific (S. larvalis = S. magnus = W. hermitensis). Numerous specimens of Sphaerapus from the Lower Permian of New Mexico and Texas, and a new record from the Lower Jurassic of Massachusetts show that it is a horizontal endichnion or exichnion having an unpacked tunnel with a cylindrical to ellipsoidal cross section, in some specimens branching, and lined with flattened, lenticular, non-coprolitic sediment pellets that are irregularly arranged and in some specimens imbricated. The pellets distinguish Sphaerapus from other endichnia. Sphaerapus resembles burrows of recent variegated mud-loving beetles and mole crickets, so Sphaerapus was likely produced by a hexapod similarly adapted for subsurface, compaction burrowing. Variation in pellet shape and arrangement in Sphaerapus reflects fluidity of the sediment burrowed, so this variation is a taphonomic artifact of no ichnotaxonomic significance. The latest Wolfcampian first appearance of Sphaerapus is not facies related, as similar facies lacking Sphaerapus are present in middle-late Wolfcampian strata. Therefore, the first appearance of Sphaerapus may reflect the evolutionary first appearance of a hexapod that moved through the sediment by compaction tunneling. However, the stratigraphically disjunct distribution of Sphaerapus may indicate that its preservation and fossilization were sensitive to paleoenvironmental and/or taphonomic factors that may also be involved in its first appearance.