Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quartz crystal microbalance operation and in situ calibration

Computer models that predict the rate at which molecular contamination will deposit on optical surfaces typically use outgassing source terms, measured with quartz crystal microbalances, as a basis for the prediction. The American Society of Testing and Materials, Standard Test Method for Contamination Outgassing Characteristics of Spacecraft Materials (Method E-1559), is probably the best know technique used by the aerospace community to measure the outgassing rates or source terms of materials. A simple method for the insitu calibration of quartz crystal microbalances, based on the heat of enthalphy of Adipic Acid, has been developed and demonstrated by the Marshall Space Flight Center, Environmental Effects Branch. The calibration has been demonstrated over a sample temperature range of 25 to 66 degrees Celsius and deposition rates of 2 x 10-11 grams/cm2-s and greater, for several measurement system configurations. This calibration technique is fully compatible with the American Society for Testing and Materials, Method E-1559, as well as other methodology. The calibration requires no modification of outgassing facilities employing an effusion cell and does not degrade the performance or function of typical vacuum systems.
The Role of Early Warning System Components in Financial Distress: Evidence from Indonesian Islamic Banks

This study aims to utilize the Early Warning System (EWS) component to predict the condition of Islamic banks before bankruptcy. This study uses the springate score model to measure the Financial Distress (FD) condition of Islamic banks. Samples were taken from 13 Islamic Commercial Banks for the period 2016 - 2020. The EWS components are Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Financing Deposit to Ratio (FDR) and Allowance for Impairment Losses (CKPN). Based on the springate score calculation, the highest FD conditions occurred in 2019 and 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The logistic regression test results show that only the NPF ratio has a positive effect on FD. While the CAR, FDR and CKPN variables have no effect on FD. This proves that the CAR, FDR and CKPN ratios owned by Islamic banks are said to be good so as to keep away from FD conditions.
Linear force-free field of a toroidal symmetry

Context. Interplanetary flux ropes are often described by linear force-free fields. To account for their curvature, toroidal configurations valid for large aspect ratios are used. However, in some cases, flux ropes need to be approximated by a toroid with a low aspect ratio. Aims. The aim is to find an analytical description of a linear force-free magnetic field of toroidal geometry, not restricted to large aspect ratios. Methods. The solution is found as a superposition of fields given by linear force-free cylinders tangential to a generating toroid. Results. The obtained solution describes toroidal flux ropes with reasonable shapes and magnetic field values. The field is exactly linear force-free for arbitrary aspect ratios. The new solution can be applied for solar and interplanetary flux ropes, astrophysical objects, and laboratory plasma.
Autonomous Online English Language Learning in Indonesian Higher Education Contexts 1

This study aims to address the limited research on informal online language learning with an initial focus on regional Indonesian contexts but viewed and discussed using a global language education framework. To be more detailed, the present study analyzes the types of technology and the language learning activities that learners use and do in autonomous online and informal learning settings. A cross-sectional survey supported by interviews involving English language students in the regional Indonesian university context was conducted. The findings suggest that learners had sufficient hardware technology to conduct autonomous online and informal language learning, but that their choices for the software/website platforms used varied. As for the activities, general preference towards receptive skill-based activities was found, but increased balance in receptive-productive skills was noted in reading and writing. The implications of the study are further elaborated in the paper and recommendations for language teachers, institutions, and further research on a global perspective are offered
The annihilation of galactic positrons

The annihilation of galactic positrons is studied in order to evaluate the probabilities of various channels of annihilation and to calculate the spectrum of the resulting radiation. The narrow width (FWHM less than 3.2 keV) of the 0.511-MeV line observed from the galactic center by Leventhal, McCallum, and Stang (1978) implies that a large fraction of positrons should annihilate in a medium of temperature less than 100,000 K and ionization fraction greater than 0.05. H II regions at the galactic center could be possible sites of annihilation.
ARE PROVERBS CLICHÉ? AN APPLICATION OF THE ELABORATION LIKELIHOOD MODEL TO FOLKLORIC PERFORMANCE

: Although proverbs resemble clichés in the broad sense of being common fixed-form phrases, and have been considered to be clichés by some scholars, proverbs are not prototypically cliché in other ways. Most importantly, whereas clichés are generally presumed to tarnish communicative efforts, the invocation of proverbs may often be an effective rhetorical act. It is here proposed that whether a particular text, in this case a proverb, is perceived as cliché may depend as much on contextual factors surrounding the performance of the text as on the familiarity of the text itself. The Elaboration Likelihood Model, which grew out of the persuasion literature in social psychology, describes two different routes to persuasion. Analysis with respect to the ELM suggests that proverb performances may be successful either because they provide useful arguments (i.e., by way of the central route) or because they exploit any of a number of heuristic truth cues (i.e., by way of the peripheral route); in either case, a successful performance is unlikely to be deemed cliché. Proverb performances that fail, however, may be deemed cliché—either because the arguments they present fail or because heuristic cues (e.g., their commonness) result in rejection of the message without consideration of its merits. The likelihood of these outcomes, though, may depend as much on the type of processing used by the audience as it does on the invocation of the proverbial text itself.
Impact of On-line Learning on Achievement Motivation among Students of Health Sciences during Covid-19 Pandemic

: The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a jail like restriction and students had to do a quick transition from off-line to on-line mode. Health science studies are more practically oriented and hence students faced a greater burden of remote learning. This study was undertaken with aim of understanding the effect of on-line learning during Covid-19 on Achievement Motivation. This interventional study consists of health science undergraduate college students, both male and female in the age group of 17 to 24 years (221 students). Data was collected through Achievement Motivation Scale. Descriptive and Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. Average need motivation was shown by 52.6% of the students. None of the students showed high motivation. Above average and below average were 18.0% and low and lowest motivation were 6.6% and 4.8% respectively. Significant differences were also found in achievement motivation across different health sciences streams, age, gender, geographic location, internet connectivity. Policy makers should take concrete measures to make on-line classes more effective so that the students get the “real-world” learning incorporated with audio-visual aids, engaging them and making them more creative in their thinking, at the same time making on-line teaching more enjoyable.
Observation of thermally excited charge transport modes in a superconducting single-electron transistor

Experiments on a superconducting single-electron transistor are reported. A new structure in the current-voltage characteristics at subgap voltages was observed when temperature was not too low as compared to the superconducting transition temperature Tc of the sample. The strength of the anomalies increases exponentially with temperature. The dominating features arise from matching of singularities in the density of states on two sides of a tunnel junction, and from the Josephson-quasiparticle cycle. Thermal excitations are essential for the former process, and they also make the latter process possible at low voltages.
Genetic diversity assessment among 18 elite cashew tree genotypes ( Anacardium occidentale L) selected in Western Burkina Faso

The development of cashew orchards increased in recent years in Burkina Faso, due to high nut demand on international markets. However, little activities have been oriented toward cashew cultivar development, and farmers often use seed plants with little or no information about genetic characteristics of the material at hand. Therefore, a description of cashew diversity is needed to provide guidance to farmers and identify elite material for the crop improvement. In this study, phenotypic attributes of cashew accessions collected in Western Burkina Faso were recorded. Then, Gower’s distance was used to show phenotypic relationship among accessions. Furthermore, four microsatellite markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of accessions, based on amplicon sequences. Sequence patterns across samples were converted into 75 binary alleles, combining sequence length and nucleotide polymorphisms. The 75 binary markers were 100% polymorphic and provided high average alleles per primer of 18.75. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied between 0.003 and 0.895, averaging 0.534 p er primer. Gower’s distance between cultivars varied between 0.151 and 0.894. Dendrograms based on Nei’s distance and Gower’s distance revealed three main clusters each, although group compositions were different. These results were discussed with an outlook on future cashew tree breeding in Burkina Faso.
Radiosonde humidity bias correction over the West African region for the special AMMA reanalysis at ECMWF

During the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) field experiment in 2006 there was a large increase in the number of radiosonde data over West Africa. This has the potential of improving the numerical weather prediction (NWP) analysis/forecast and the water budget studies over that region. However, it is well known that the humidity from radiosondes can have some errors depending on sonde type, relative humidity (RH), temperature and the age of the sensor and can give rise to dry biases that are typically between 5% and 30% for RH. Three main sonde types were used in the AMMA field experiment: Vaisala RS80A, Vaisala RS92 and MODEM. In this article, a new empirical method is presented by using the operational European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) short‐range forecast as an intermediary dataset for computing biases. The validation of the correction method using global positioning system (GPS) total columnar water vapour (TCWV) confirms that the method is able to correct for a large part of the dry biases associated with the different sonde types. Results from analysis experiments show how the correction of humidity is particularly important in the West African region due to its impact on the development of convection in NWP models. The proposed radiosonde humidity bias correction has been applied to the special AMMA reanalysis experiment performed at ECMWF for the 2006 West African wet monsoon season. This is expected to benefit a wide number of AMMA‐related studies that make use of the reanalysis, in particular those focusing on the water cycle. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
A Comparison of Short-Circuit Current Decaying Calculation between PSS/E BKDY and Computational Curve

The calculations of short-circuit current decrement with PSS/E BKDY and computational curve were compared with the one by the dynamic simulation of PSS/E. Calculation shows that the accuracy of the result by PSS/E BKDY is quite good while the one by computational curve is so conservative that it makes larger errors. The reasons for the above results have been analyzed theoretically.
SELF-ADJOINTNESS FOR THE WEYL PROBLEM UNDER AN ENERGY NORM

Abstract Since 1910 when H. Weyl first successfully attacked the singular Sturm-Liouville problem associated with a vast literature has arisen for “right definite” problems, lying in Hilbert spaces generated by the coefficient on the right side of the homogeneous differential equation. Less well examined is a similar theory for operators in a “left definite” setting, generated by the coefficients on the left side of the homogeneous differential equation. In this article we show that under favorable circumstances the left definite theory can be imbedded within the right definite, and will inherit many of the right definite properties.
LB 8827: A Variable, Magnetic DBA White Dwarf

We present accurate CCD spectropolarimetry and spectra that show that the hot DB star LB 8827 (PG 0853+164) is a weakly magnetic, variable DBA white dwarf. We confirm Putney's detection of circular dichroism in the He I lines, but on three occasions we measure a weaker field strength and opposite sign of circular polarization, Be ≲ 100 kG. The Balmer line strengths appear to vary with time, indicative of changes in the apparent H/He abundance ratio or irregularities over the stellar surface. Fits to the observed energy distribution and to the optical He I line spectrum with model atmospheres yield effective temperatures in the 21,200-27,700 K range, with lower values favored. This suggests that LB 8827 falls within or near the instability strip of the V777 Herculis stars. High time resolution photometric observations presented here rule out white-light brightness variations with amplitudes larger than 1.2 mmag in the period window 20 s to 2 hr. The possibility that the magnetic field might tend to suppress pulsations is discussed.
Free-standing Si/SiO2 superlattices: fabrication procedure and optical, structural, and light-emitting properties

The Si/SiO2 superlattices were prepared by a molecular beam deposition method, high temperature furnace annealing (1100 °C), and back-side Si wafer etching in tetramethyl ammonium solution. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy show that the layered structure is not preserved during high temperature treatment. The etching of the substrate increases photoluminescence of the Si/SiO2 material. Optical waveguiding was realized for the free-standing sample demonstrating its reasonable optical quality and providing the optical parameters.
Controllable spin-glass behavior and large magnetocaloric effect in Gd-Ni-Al bulk metallic glasses

Glass-forming ability, spin-glass (SG) behavior, and magnetocaloric effect in Gd55NixAl45-x (x = 15, 20, 25, 30) metallic alloys were investigated. A ferromagnetic SG behavior was observed for glassy ribbons with compositions of x = 15, 20, and 25, but it disappeared for that of x = 30. Furthermore, the maximum magnetic entropy change (−ΔSmmax) increased with the increasing Ni/Al-ratio while the decrease of full width at half −ΔSmmax was almost negligible. Accordingly, −ΔSmmax of 9.25 J kg−1 K−1, adiabatic temperature change of 4.3 K and refrigeration capacity of 851 J kg−1 under 50 kOe were obtained for Gd55Ni30Al15 glassy alloy.
High‐Resolution Measurements of Atmospheric Gamma Rays from a Satellite

Data are presented on the gamma rays emitted from the atmosphere to satellite altitudes in the absence of bremsstrahlung X rays associated with electron precipitation from the radiation belts. The measurements (40 keV to 2.7 MeV) were performed with a high-resolution germanium spectrometer on board the polar-orbiting satellite 1972-076B. With the collimated spectrometer on the spinning vehicle (5-s period) it was possible to separate sensor and vehicle backgrounds from the atmospheric and diffuse cosmic contributions. The atmospheric component was obtained by unfolding published values for the diffuse cosmic spectrum. Owing to variances in the measured values of the diffuse cosmic spectrum the uncertainties in the atmospheric gamma ray spectrum are greater near the equator and at lower energies than over the polar caps and/or at higher energies, where the atmospheric gamma rays dominate, and the errors in the atmospheric spectrum associated with the diffuse component are small. The variations of the atmospheric gamma rays with invariant latitude are presented. Over the polar caps the energy spectra are similar to those observed near the magnetic equator, and the intensities are higher by about a factor of 4. The spectral indices for least squares power law fits to the continuum are −1.34 ± 0.03 and −1.39 ± 0.08 for the polar cap and equatorial regions, respectively. A search was made for gamma ray lines emitted from the atmosphere in addition to the 511-keV annihilation line. Several peaks were observed in the background spectrum, but no other lines were seen to be emitted from the atmosphere with a significant intensity.
Towards a one step geometric calibration of an optical coherence tomography

This article presents a one step geometric calibration for an optical coherence tomography (OCT) which forms part of a medical navigation system. The 3D landmark-based geometric calibration with a self-produced 3D reference structure is based on the identification of a parameterized grey-box OCT model. We show in experimental results by comparing common measurement errors in the field of medical surgery before and after calibration, that the proposed methodology reduces systematic errors by more than one order of magnitude. Due to its simplicity, the calibration can be carried out directly before a surgical intervention enhancing the OCT accuracy.
Experiments on the flow past an inclined disk

The wake of a disk at an angle to a stream contains marked periodic motions which arise from the regular shedding of vortices from the trailing edge. The vortices are in the form of a chain of irregular rings, each one linked to the succeeding one, and they move downstream at about 0·6 of free-stream velocity. The prominence of the vortex shedding increases as the angle of incidence (measured from the normal) increases up to at least 50°. The shedding frequency increases with the angle of incidence, but by a suitable choice of reference velocity and length scale, may be described by a wake Strouhal number which has the constant value 0·21 for all angles of incidence above zero, up to at least 40°. Axially-symmetric bodies at zero incidence shed vortices in a similar manner, except that the orientation of the plane of vortex shedding is not fixed and varies from time to time.
Hitting-time and occupation-time bounds implied by drift analysis with applications

Bounds of exponential type are derived for the first-hitting time and occupation times of a real-valued random sequence which has a uniform negative drift whenever the sequence is above a fixed level. The only other assumption on the random sequence is that the increments satisfy a uniform exponential decay condition. The bounds provide a flexible technique for proving stability of processes frequently encountered in the control of queues. Two applications are given. First, exponential-type bounds are derived for a GI/G/1 queue when the service distribution is exponential type. Secondly, geometric ergodicity is established for a certain Markov chain in which arises in the decentralized control of a multi-access, packet-switched broadcast channel.
Oscillatory and chaotic thermocapillary convection in a half-zone liquid bridge

Thermocapillary-driven convection in a half-zone liquid bridge was investigated experimentally. The induced flows were categorized into several regimes mainly through the pattern of the suspended particle motion in the bridge and the surface temperature variation. Special attention was paid to the flow structures far beyond the critical condition. Chaotic and turbulent flows were realized in this configuration. They were distinguished from the periodic oscillatory flow by applying the pseudo-phase-space reconstruction from the time series of the surface temperature variation.
Selective Lasing of Guided Modes from Hollow Square Semiconductor Microcavities

We demonstrated the selective lasing of guided modes from hollow square microcavities having an InGaAsP/InGaAs quantum well gain layer. For hollow square cavities with symmetric convex corners, ring-type whispering gallery modes (WGMs) originating from total reflections of light at the four corners were lased. By modifying the corner shape to be asymmetric and concave, guided modes originating from total reflections at the inner and outer flat boundaries were selectively lased. We determined that the lasing modes were guided modes by analyzing measured spectra. The observed quality factor Q was smaller than that of ring-type WGMs owing to enhanced total reflection loss.
SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HAYABUSA 2 NEAR-EARTH ASTEROID TARGETS 162173 1999 JU3 AND 2001 QC34

Reflectance spectra of C-type near-Earth asteroid 162173 1999 JU3 were acquired on UT 2007 July 11, September 10 and 11. An absorption feature centered near 0.7 μm, and associated with the presence of iron-bearing phyllosilicates, is seen in the 2007 July 11 spectrum. The 2007 September spectrum shows a shallow absorption feature centered near 0.6 μm. In contrast, the reflectance spectrum of 162173 1999 JU3 obtained during its discovery apparition has no absorption feature, suggesting that the asteroid's surface covers the conjunction of two different geological units. The variation in the presence and absence of these features in reflectance spectra of the surface material of C-type asteroids is observed among main-belt asteroids. As the target for the planned Japanese mission Hayabusa 2, 162173 1999 JU3 could represent a sample of aqueously altered early solar system material. An alternative target for Hayabusa 2, 2001 QC34, was observed spectrally for the first time. Its reflectance spectrum has characteristics of a Q-class or O-class asteroid.
OFDM, Laurent operators, and time-frequency localization

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has gained considerable interest as an efficient technology for high- date-data transmission over wireless channels. The design of pulse shapes that are well-localized in the time-frequency plane is of great importance in order to combat intersymbol interference and interchannel interference caused by the mobile radio channel. Recently proposed methods to construct such well-localized functions are utilizing the link between OFDM and Gabor systems. We derive a theoretical framework that shows why and under which conditions these methods will yield well-localized pulse shapes. In our analysis we exploit the connection between Gabor systems, Laurent operators and the classical work of Gelfand, Raikov, and Shilov on commutative Banach algebras. In the language of Gabor analysis we derive a general condition under which the dual window and the canonical tight window inherit the decay properties of the analysis window.