Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Blood Lipid Profiles, Fibrinolytic Activities, and Nitric Oxide Levels in High-fat-diet induced Rats

Although exercise training has been utilized to improve vascular function in animals and humans, the impact of moderate intensity exercise training on fibrinolytic activities and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability has not been well documented. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of moderate intensity aerobic exercise training on fat mass, blood lipid profiles, fibrinolytic activity, and NO levels in high-fat-diet induced rats. The body weight, fat mass, blood lipid profiles, fibrinolytic activity, and nitrite/nitrate were measured pre- and postexercise (10 weeks) training. The body weight and fat mass reduced significantly in the exercise (EX) group compared to the control (CON) group. Blood lipid profiles and low-density lipoprotein were unchanged in the EX group compared to the CON group. However, triglyceride and free fatty acid were significantly lower in the EX group compared to the CON group, and high-density lipoprotein was significantly greater in the EX group compared to the CON group. In addition, fibrinolytic activity and nitrite/nitrate were significantly greater in the EX compared to the CON group. These results suggest that 10 weeks of the moderated intensity aerobic exercise training improves blood lipid profiles, fibrinolytic activity, and the nitrite/nitrate ratio, which may improve vascular health and reduce obesity-related cardiovascular disease risks in high-fat- diet induced rats.
The Norton tradition

The interrelationships of component units of the Norton tradition-cultures known as Choris, Norton, and Ipiutak-are reexamined and the tradition, defined more than twenty years ago, is found to be a valid construct related to increased maritime proficiency on the American coasts of the Bering and Chukchi seas. Early continuities are discerned with southern Alaska, with the so-called Old Whaling culture, and with the Arctic Small Tool tradition (as originally defined). Arguments for a straight-line development of prehistoric Eskimo culture are, however, concluded to be based on imposed assumptions rather than empiricism. The heterogeneity within the Norton tradition and the partial contemporaneity of the Old Bering Sea-Okvik culture of Asia, commonly assigned as first stage of the Thule or Northern Maritime tradition, imply the absence of any single ancestor or unitary origin for the Norton tradition and for later Eskimo culture
A Primer for Pathologists

N Context. —The advent of new endoscopic optical techniques is likely to change pathologists’ role in diagnosis. Objective. —To describe how confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) works, show its advantages and limitations compared to cytohistologic biopsy, and explore how it may affect the practice of pathology. Data Sources. —Literature review. Conclusions. —Confocal laser endomicroscopy is proving its ability to provide histology-like images of tissues in vivo to help avoid risks and costs of conventional biopsies. Confocal imaging restricts light to 1 plane, emulating a paraffin section, and topical or systemic optical contrast agents allow subcellular resolution. New contrast agents could theoretically permit molecular characterization. In vivo imaging has begun to demonstrate novel, dynamic types of diagnostic features. Decreased histologic biopsies can be anticipated for a few scenarios. Significant limitations of CLE include the inability to create a tissue archive for broad molecular classification, suboptimal contrast agents, small fields of view and shallow penetration, paucity of clinical validation studies, and problems with reimbursement. Confocal laser endomicroscopy exposes new opportunities for pathologists: CLE technologies can be exploited in pathology, and diagnostic criteria expanded based on endoscopists’ discoveries. Potential synergy exists between CLE and cytology, allowing the low-magnification diagnostic architectural changes by CLE and cytomorphology to emulate the full diagnostic information in a histologic biopsy while providing an archive of material for molecular or immunohistochemical studies. Confocal laser endomicroscopy will decrease some types of biopsies, but offers an opportunity for pathologists to find new ways to provide value and improve patient care. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2011;135:1343–1348; doi: 10. 5858/arpa.2010-0264-RA)
A Taxonomy of Tasks for Assessing the Impact of New Technologies on Work

In recent years, the increasing concern about the labour market implications of technological change has led economists to look in more detail at the structure of work content and job tasks. Incorporating insights from other traditions of task analysis, in particular from the labour process approach (Braverman, 1974), as well as from recent research on skills, work organisation and occupational change (see for instance Green, 2013; Cohen, 2016; FernAindez-MacA­as and Hurley, 2017), in this paper we propose a new comprehensive and detailed taxonomy of tasks. Going beyond existing broad classifications, our taxonomy aims at connecting the substantive content of work with its organisational context by answering two key questions: what do people do at work and how do they do their work? For illustrative purposes, we show how our approach allows a better understanding of the impact of new technologies on work, by accounting for relevant ongoing transformations such as the diffusion of artificial intelligence and the unfolding of digital labour platforms.
Spatial distribution of Malus root systems in irrigated, trellised orchards

Summary Root distribution was determined for apple trees [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf. ‘Fuji’/’M.26’ (syn. M. domestica Borkh. non Poir.)] 1, 2 and 3 years after planting in trellised orchards in central Texas. Using a soil-coring method, measurable differences were detected in root-length density (RLD; root length per unit volume of soil) by tree age, soil depth, radial distance from the tree, and spatial bearing within and across rows (P ≤ 0.05). For fine roots (root diameters < 1 mm), mean RLD values were 0.1028, 0.1139 and 0.2911 cm cm–3 for 1, 2 and 3 year-old plantings, respectively. For coarse roots (root diameters 1–5 mm), mean RLD values were 0.0006, 0.0009 and 0.0015 cm cm–3 for 1, 2 and 3 year-old plantings, respectively. Mean RLD values declined for both fine and coarse roots of all ages with increasing soil depth and radial distance from the trunk (P ≤ 0.05). Similar patterns were observed for the number of soil cores containing measurable roots. The percentage of samples with no roots increased with increasing soil depth and distance from the trunk (P ≤ 0.05). When examining fine roots by spatial bearing from the tree, the greatest RLD was found along the drip irrigation lines for the two youngest plantings and along drip irrigation lines and beneath shaded trellises for the oldest planting (P ≤ 0.05). For coarse roots, the greatest RLD was found along the drip irrigation lines for all plantings (P ≤ 0.05). This information is important for predicting the rates and locations of new root growth in orchards after transplanting, so that management techniques (e.g., fertilisation, irrigation, control of soilborne diseases) can be properly targeted and effectively implemented.
Regeneration of Bigleaf Magnolia by Somatic Embryogenesis

Bigleaf magnolia (Magnolia macrophylla Michx.) cultures were initiated from immature seeds on an induction medium containing 9.0 µM 2,4-D, 1. 1µM BA, and 1 g casein hydrolysate/liter. After 2 months on induction medium, one culture produced adventive embryos. Clumps of embryos transferred to liquid induction medium proliferated as nodules, which grew in diameter, but failed to produce embryos while maintained in induction medium. Nodules transferred to basal medium produced clumps of somatic embryos, which continued to produce repetitive embryos with monthly transfer to fresh basal medium. Individual embryos transferred to basal medium lacking casein hydroly- sate germinated and leaves expanded. Plantlets derived from these embryos were trans- ferred to potting mix and acclimatized to greenhouse conditions. Chemical names used: (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D); N -(phenylmethyl)-lH-purin-6-amine (BA). Bigleaf magnolia has the largest leaves of any magnolia species (Gardiner, 1989) and the largest simple leaves of any dicotyledonous tree in North America (Brown and Kirkman, 1990)-up to 90 cm long and 30 cm wide. The fragrant, cup-shaped flowers are also the larg- est of any North American tree (up to 30 cm across), with creamy white tepals, often with some purple tint near their bases. The tree, up to 15 m tall, is found in rich wooded ravines. Its distribution is restricted in the southeastern
Development of an Immune Infiltration-Related Eight-Gene Prognostic Signature in Colorectal Cancer Microenvironment

Objective Stromal cells and immune cells have important clinical significance in the microenvironment of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study is aimed at developing a CRC gene signature on the basis of stromal and immune scores. Methods A cohort of CRC patients (n = 433) were adopted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Stromal/immune scores were calculated by the ESTIMATE algorithm. Correlation between prognosis/clinical characteristics and stromal/immune scores was assessed. Differentially expressed stromal and immune genes were identified. Their potential functions were annotated by functional enrichment analysis. Cox regression analysis was used to develop an eight-gene risk score model. Its predictive efficacies for 3 years, 5 years, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival interval (PFI) were evaluated using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The correlation between the risk score and the infiltering levels of six immune cells was analyzed using TIMER. The risk score was validated using an independent dataset. Results Immune score was in a significant association with prognosis and clinical characteristics of CRC. 736 upregulated and two downregulated stromal and immune genes were identified, which were mainly enriched into immune-related biological processes and pathways. An-eight gene prognostic risk score model was conducted, consisting of CCL22, CD36, CPA3, CPT1C, KCNE4, NFATC1, RASGRP2, and SLC2A3. High risk score indicated a poor prognosis of patients. The area under the ROC curves (AUC) s of the model for 3 years, 5 years, OS, and PFI were 0.71, 0.70, 0.73, and 0.66, respectively. Thus, the model possessed well performance for prediction of patients' prognosis, which was confirmed by an external dataset. Moreover, the risk score was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration. Conclusion Our study conducted an immune-related prognostic risk score model, which could provide novel targets for immunotherapy of CRC.
Risk Factors of Portal Vein Thrombosis after Devascularization Treatment in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Nested Case-Control Study

Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records from cirrhosis patients who underwent devascularization for the treatment of portal hypertension in our hospital between January 1, 2008, and December 20, 2014. Patients were followed up to investigate the PVT incidence at different times after surgery. Patients were divided into two groups (PVT, no PVT), and the risk factors for PVT after surgery were determined. Results Until October 16, 2015, the median follow-up time of the 124 patients enrolled into this study was 41.43 months (range, 5.47–95.30 months). 61 patients had perioperative PVT, and 21 (16.94%) patients had PVT diagnosed during the follow-up period. Those who had lower preoperative white blood cell counts, larger preoperative portal vein trunk diameter, and no gastric varices were more likely to have perioperative thrombosis. In those without perioperative PVT, a history of hypertension, higher grade of splenomegaly, and higher preoperative levels of creatinine were independent predictors of PVT occurrence during the follow-up period. Conclusions The risk factors for perioperative PVT in cirrhotic patients after devascularization were lower preoperative white blood cell count and larger portal vein trunk diameter, with no gastric varices. A history of hypertension, a larger spleen, and higher preoperative creatinine level are independent predictors of PVT during follow-up after surgery in patients without perioperative PVT.
The effect of cellulase enzyme treatment on digestibility of rice straw.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of cellulase enzyme treatments and incubations on digestibility of rice straw. Rice straw was treated by using cellulase from Trichoderma reseei at 0 (Control, C), 1 (RS+CEL1), 1.5 (RS+CEL1.5) and 2% (RS+CEL2) levels (dry matter basis, DM), and treated rice straw samples were ensiled in 6 glass jars for C, RS+CEL1, RS+CEL1.5 and RS+CEL2. For control and each level of cellulase treatment, 3 glass jars were incubated at room temperature (22oC) in the dark for 30 days, 3 glass jars were incubated at 40±0.2oC in an incubator for 30 days. After the treatment, the significant increases (P<0.05) were determined in treatment groups compared to control for the percentage of in vitro true digestibility as fed (IVTDas fed ), in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD), in vitro true neutral detergent fiber digestibility in DM basis (IVTNDFDDM) and in vitro true organic matter digestibility in DM basis (IVTOMDDM ) of rice straw. The best results obtained from the highest level of cellulase (RS+CEL2) treatment at 40oC for IVTDas fed, IVTDMD, IVTNDFDDM and IVTOMDDM were 62.99±0.22, 60.43±0.23, 30.70±0.23 and 63.58±0.34%, respectively. In conclusion, observed results showed that treatment of rice straw with cellulase improved the true digestibilitiy.
Monetary policy implications of digital currencies

Monetary policy implications of three different forms of digital money – cryptocurrencies, stablecoins and central bank digital currency (CBDC) – are discussed. Because of their limited adoption and lack of moneyness, cryptocurrencies are unlikely to constrain monetary policy in the foreseeable future. Stablecoins, by contrast, could reach a critical size, in particular if they were sponsored by large companies with a sizeable potential user base. CBDC would constitute a digital representation of the official currency that is accessible to everybody and could entail material consequences for monetary policy and financial stability. At the current stage, central bankers mostly feel that a convincing monetary policy motivation is missing or are concerned about the disruptive potential for financial stability. As digitalisation of payments is evolving quickly, the assessment of costs and benefits associated with CBDC may change in the future.
G. and Kovas, Yulia. 2020. The Impact of Maternal Overweight on Hair Essential Trace Element and Mineral Content in Pregnant Women and Their Children. Biological Trace Element

The aim of the present study was to investigate hair essential trace elements and mineral levels in 105 pregnant normal-weight (control) and 55 overweight and obese women in the third trimester of pregnancy, as well as in their children at the age of 9 months. The hair essential trace elements and mineral levels were assessed using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. Overweight pregnant women had significantly reduced Cr (-24%; p = 0.047) and Zn (-13%; p = 0.008) content, as well as elevated hair Na and K levels as compared to the controls. Children from overweight and obese mothers had lower hair Mo (-18%; p = 0.017), Se (-8%; p = 0.043), and V (24%; p = 0.028) levels, as well as elevated Sr content (19%; p = 0.025). Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between maternal and child hair levels of Co (r = 0.170; p=0.038), Cu (r = 0.513; p<0.001), Mn (r = 0.240; p=0.003), and Na (r = 0.181; p=0.027) in the whole sample. Pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI) positively correlated with maternal hair K (r = 0.336; p<0.001) and Na (r = 0.212; p=0.008), and negatively correlated with V (r = -0.204; p=0.011) and Zn (r = -0.162; p=0.045) levels. The results indicate that impaired trace element and mineral metabolism may play a role in the link between maternal obesity, complications of pregnancy and child’s postnatal development. Hypothetically, dietary improvement may be used as a tool to reduce these risks. However, further experimental and clinical studies are required to investigate the relationship between obesity and trace element metabolism in pregnancy.
Antibiotics Resistance and Biofilm Formation Capacity of Staphylococcus spp. Strains Isolated from Surfaces and Medicotechnical Materials

Staphylococcus spp. is most often implicated in nosocomial infections. The objective of this study is to evaluate the susceptibility to antibiotics and the biofilm formation capacity of staphylococci species isolated from surfaces and medicotechnical materials at the university hospital center of Abomey-Calavi/Sô-Ava in Benin. Samples were collected according to ISO/DIS14698-1 standard from the surfaces and medicotechnical materials by the dry swab method. The isolation of Staphylococcus strains was performed on Chapman agar, and their identification was performed using microscopic and biochemical methods. The susceptibility of Staphylococcus isolates to antibiotics was evaluated by the disc diffusion method according to EUCAST and CLSI recommendations. The biofilm formation was qualitatively assessed using microplates. Of the 128 surfaces and medicotechnical material samples analyzed, 77% were contaminated with Staphylococcus spp. Thirteen species of Staphylococcus were isolated in different proportions but the pediatric department was the most contaminated (33%) by S. aureus. Resistance to antibiotics considerably varies according to the species of Staphylococcus. However, antibiotics such as chloramphenicol and vancomycin are the most effective on S. aureus, whereas coagulase-negative staphylococci developed less resistance to gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. The biofilm test reveals that 37% of our isolated strains were biofilm formers. Although regular monitoring of hospital hygiene is crucial, the optimal use of antibiotics is a cornerstone of reducing antimicrobial resistance.
Self-Care Experiences of Adults with Chronic Disease in Indonesia: An Integrative Review

We conducted a literature review to document what is known regarding the self-care experiences and various influencing factors among adults living with chronic disease in Indonesia, from the perspective of those living with the illness. We searched CINAHL and Google Scholar to identify peer-reviewed research focused on men and/or women living with a chronic disease (the most prevalent) in urban or rural settings in Indonesia. Using a “Self-Care of Chronic Illness” framework as a guide, information on self-care experiences and how various factors influence these experiences, was extracted and synthesized. Nine studies were included (3 quantitative; 6 qualitative). Self-care involves maintaining well-being through different strategies (e.g., foot hygiene, seeking information/care, praying, diet, resting, and simplifying life), following prescribed treatments, and using traditional remedies. Religion sometimes serves as a means for taking care of one's health (e.g., prayer), or as a source of motivation to self-care, while in other instances, it results in a fatalistic attitude. Which treatments (conventional versus traditional) are sought, it is affected by an understanding of the disease and treatments, which is shaped by beliefs, values, emotions, health literacy, and SES. The literature shows that family, especially women, has a key role in providing support. Community organizations also play an important supportive role, particularly for patients in rural areas. Significant barriers to healthcare include costs and care not being well-adapted to the psychosocial needs and contexts of patients. The literature highlights a disconnection between the self-care experiences and how healthcare and support are delivered. To better support self-care, healthcare professionals should use a personalized approach; however, more research is needed to gain a better understanding of what patients want and expect regarding how religion, beliefs, life circumstances, and the use of alternative therapies should be addressed within the patient-professional dynamic.
Challenges in seismic hazard assessment

Seismic hazard assessment has an important societal impact in describing levels of ground motions to be expected in a given region in the future. Challenges in seismic hazard assessment are closely associated with the fact that different regions, due to their differences in seismotectonics setting (and hence in earthquake occurrence) as well as socioeconomic conditions, require different and innovative approaches. One of the most important aspects in this regard is the seismicity level and the pre-existing knowledge about seismotectonics and fault behaviour in the region. The present thesis focuses on seismic hazard in three regions of very different tectonics in which different approaches for seismic hazard assessment were needed. In seismically active regions, standard probabilistic and deterministic approaches can be followed in assessing the hazard provided that the seismotectonic and geological information is available. In regions of low seismicity, this information is often incomplete and it may be necessary to start by studying in more detail the seismotectonic processes giving rise to the seismic hazard. The Marmara Sea and Sumatra regions are the main geographical areas where challenges in high seismicity areas are addressed. For addressing the seismic hazard assessment in low seismicity areas, the approach was to focus on the seismotectonic source characterization in various locations in Norway and adjacent areas. The Marmara Sea region is under a significant seismic hazard due to the short distance to the North Anatolian Fault which is believed to be close to rupture. This region is well studied in terms of tectonics and fault properties. However, the attenuation properties of the crust in the region have been uncertain. A new attenuation relation is established for the region, based on regressions performed on the background seismicity (paper 1). The obtained relation shows good agreement with previously used relations. Due to the increased level of knowledge about the active faults in the Marmara Sea, scenario based ground motion modelling provides a reliable estimate of the seismic hazard due to a future large earthquake. The
Glomus crenatum (Glomeromycetes), a new ornamented species from Cuba

A new ornamented species of the Glomeromycetes found in Pinar del Rio and Moa, western and east Cuba, respectively, is proposed here as Glomus crenatum. The fungus differs from previously described species by the darkly pigmented spore walls that possess a hemispherical dome-like surface ornamentation.