Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From canals to the coast: dissolved organic matter and trace metal composition in rivers draining degraded tropical peatlands in Indonesia

Abstract. Worldwide, peatlands are important sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and trace metals (TMs) to surface waters, and these fluxes may increase with peatland degradation. In Southeast Asia, tropical peatlands are being rapidly deforested and drained. The blackwater rivers draining these peatland areas have high concentrations of DOM and the potential to be hotspots for CO2 release. However, the fate of this fluvial carbon export is uncertain, and its role as a trace metal carrier has never been investigated. This work aims to address these gaps in our understanding of tropical peatland DOM and associated elements in the context of degraded tropical peatlands in Indonesian Borneo. We quantified dissolved organic carbon and trace metal concentrations in the dissolved and fine colloidal ( µ m) and coarse colloidal (0.22–2.7 µ m) fractions and determined the characteristics ( δ13 C, absorbance, fluorescence: excitation-emission matrix and parallel factor – PARAFAC – analysis) of the peatland-derived DOM as it drains from peatland canals, flows along the Ambawang River (blackwater river) and eventually mixes with the Kapuas Kecil River (whitewater river) before meeting the ocean near the city of Pontianak in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. We observe downstream shifts in indicators of in-stream processing. An increase in the δ13 C of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), along with an increase in the C1∕C2 ratio of PARAFAC fluorophores, and a decrease in SUVA (specific UV absorbance) along the continuum suggest the predominance of photo-oxidation. However, very low dissolved oxygen concentrations also suggest that oxygen is quickly consumed by microbial degradation of DOM in the shallow layers of water. Blackwater rivers draining degraded peatlands show significantly higher concentrations of Al, Fe, Pb, As, Ni and Cd compared to the whitewater river. A strong association is observed between DOM, Fe, As, Cd and Zn in the dissolved and fine colloid fraction, while Al is associated with Pb and Ni and present in a higher proportion in the coarse colloidal fraction. We additionally measured the isotopic composition of lead released from degraded tropical peatlands for the first time and show that Pb originates from anthropogenic atmospheric deposition. Degraded tropical peatlands are important sources of DOM and trace metals to rivers and a secondary source of atmospherically deposited contaminants.
Features of mental disorders and their correction in patients with cardiac pathology

In everyday practice, the doctor rarely encounters only one specific disease, more often a patient with comorbid pathology comes to him. Such a group of concomitant diseases are mental disorders. Their prevalence in cardiology practice reaches 80%. Mood affective, anxiety and somatization disorders, as well as cognitive impairment are observed most often. The review looked at mental disorders that occur in cardiac diseases with the highest number of deaths, such as coronary heart disease, including myocardial infarction and cardiac arrhythmias, arterial hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases. Including attention is paid to the senile asthenia syndrome, which is accompanied by cognitive impairment, loss of previous vital interests and depression. The review highlights the questions of re­gular and adequate psychopharmacotherapy of cardiovascular diseases, which leads to a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of their exacerbations, which reduces the number of doctors who come to see for somatoge­nic symptoms, and also allows to improve the prognosis of the underlying disease and significantly reduce mortality. It was observed that the doctor should take into account the fact that modern cardiological preparations have effects that can cause side effects in the form of mental disorders when choosing a therapy. Understanding the processes of formation and occurrence of mental diseases in a patient with cardiovascular pathology, as well as methods for their correction, can increase the effectiveness of the therapy and improve the prognosis of the underlying disease.
Magnetofossil Abundance and Diversity as Paleoenvironmental Proxies: A Case Study From Southwest Iberian Margin Sediments

It is still contentious how the abundance and diversity of magnetofossils reflect varying paleoenvironmental conditions. Here, we apply rock magnetic methods and transmission electron microscopy to identify magnetofossils in the core MD01‐2444 from the southwestern Iberian margin during the period 49.6–18.5 ka and 193.8–171.7 ka. Results show a correlation between the biogenic magnetite component and contrasting paleoenvironmental conditions. Specifically, remanence ratio (Mrs/Ms), the ratio of anhysteretic susceptibility (χARM) to saturation isothermal remanant magnetization (SIRM), fractions of biogenic soft and biogenic hard components (BS + BH), and delta–delta ratio (δFC/δZFC) have a negative relationship with planktonic δ18O, suggesting that more magnetofossils existed in sediments during warmer periods. Combining transmission electron microscopy images with paleoenvironmental proxies, we found that the proportions of bullet‐shaped magnetofossils increased in a warmer and less oxic environment, while isotropic shapes dominated in cooler and oxic environments.
Evaluation of the ability of regional climate models and a statistical model to represent the spatial characteristics of extreme precipitation

Extreme precipitation is one of the most severe weather hazards which have a significant influence on society, agriculture and ecosystems. The spatial extension and intensity of extreme precipitation events are two important features which need to be quantified for improved flood risk and water resource management. Here, we evaluate how well regional climate models (RCMs) reproduce precipitation extremes with respect to spatial dependency and intensity. We show by using seasonal extreme intensities in Brandenburg‐Berlin, Germany, that some RCMs underestimate the spatial dependence of extremes in summer and overestimate it in winter, compared with an observational‐based data set. Most RCMs significantly underestimate the magnitudes of extremes in summer and overestimate the magnitudes in autumn and winter. A statistical model, based on a max‐stable process, accounting for both the spatial and temporal variability is developed. We show that this model performs better in representing the spatial dependency and intensity characteristics of extreme precipitation compared to the RCMs.
Phylogenetic inference of Plebejus argus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) using its complete mitochondrial genome with an extra copy of tRNASer

Abstract The silver-studded blue butterfly Plebejus argus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) has a mitochondrial genome of 15,426 bp. It consists 13 protein-coding genes, 23 tRNAs with an extra copy of tRNASer, two ribosomal RNA genes, and an AT-rich control region. Using whole mitogenome alignments, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of 23 butterfly species within six families (11 taxa are from Lycaenidae). The maximum-likelihood (ML) tree topology was consistent with previous studies, which suggested a close relationship between the genus Plebejus and Cupido.
Susceptibility of Heliothis armigera (Hübner) eggs to different insecticides

Efficacy of nine insecticidcs, viz., endosulfan (0.07%), malathion (0.05%), quinalphos (0.05%), monoerotophos (0.04%), triazophos (0.04%), methomyl (0.025%), carbaryl (0.05%), fenvalerate (0.006%) and cypermethrin (0.006%) as ovicides was evaluated against eggs of Hetiothis armigera (Hubner) in the laboratory during 1999. Eggs of different ages, viz., 0–24, 24–48 and 48–72 hold were used in dipping method. The susceptibility of eggs to different insecticides varied with the age of the eggs, young egg (0–24 h old) being relatively more susceptible than the others. Much of the ovicidal action of different insecticides was recorded within the first 12 h after treatment and no additional mortality was observed 24 h after treatment. Irrespective of the age of eggs, overall mean egg mortality in different insecticidal treatments ranged from 56 to 86 per cent. The synthetic pyrethroids, viz., fenvalerate and cypermethrin, exhibited the highest egg mortality (>80%), followed by methomyl and triazophos (77% each). With the remaining five insecticides, viz., quinalphos, monocrotophos, endosulfan, malathion and carbaryl, the egg mortality was 72, 64, 62, 56 and 56 per cent, respectively.
Efeito do Sombreamento sobre o Teor de Clorofila e Crescimento Inicial do Jequitibá-rosa

Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de periodos de sombreamento sobre o crescimento inicial e concentracoes de clorofila em mudas de jequitiba- rosa ( Cariniana legalis ), foi instalado um experimento no viveiro de pesquisa da Embrapa Florestas, em Colombo, PR. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos estabelecidos foram: 100 % (pleno sol); 70 %; 64 %, 44 % e 34 % de radiacao solar incidente. A altura e diâmetro do coleto foram monitorados em intervalos de 30 dias, dos 60 aos 180 dias apos a emergencia (DAE). O peso da materia seca total, aerea e radicial, area foliar, clorofila a e b e clorofila total, foram medidos aos 180 DAE. O percentual de 63,07 % de RFA (radiacao fotossinteticamente ativa) proporcionou o maior crescimento em altura das mudas. As maiores medias de diâmetro do coleto ocorreram com as mudas submetidas a pleno sol. O oposto foi observado com a area foliar, onde observaram-se as maiores medias quando as mudas foram submetidas ao maior percentual de sombreamento (34 % de luminosidade). O acumulo de materia seca total foi estimado para 54,40 % de RFA. Os teores de clorofila a e b foram maiores nas folhas das mudas sombreadas. Concluiu-se que mudas do jequitiba-rosa, em sua fase inicial, apresentam bom crescimento quando cultivadas na faixa de 54 % a 64 % de luminosidade.
Formal and Informal Supports for Managing Work and Family

Many working adults manage joint work and family responsibilities and turn to supports offered at work and in the home to help manage these roles successfully. We review the current evidence on supports for improving work–life outcomes, including informal support from people at work and at home as well as formal organizational and national policies. Informal support is consistently moderately associated with better work–family experiences. Despite popular emphasis on formal policies, evidence for their effectiveness is relatively weak. We propose an agentic perspective to drive future understanding of how and when supports may be used to improve work–family management.
Digestibilidad in situ de dietas con rastrojo de maíz o paja de avena con enzimas fibrolíticas

Con el fin de evaluar el efecto de un producto enzimatico fibrolitico en la digestibilidad y fermentacion ruminal, se emplearon cuatro borregos fistulados en rumen (58 kg PV) en un cuadro latino 4? ~4 con arreglo factorial de tratamientos 2? ~2 donde los factores fueron: tipo de forraje (rastrojo de maiz y paja de avena) y nivel de enzima (0 y 1 g FibrozymeR kg forraje.1 MS). No hubo diferencias (p>0.05) en la digestibilidad in situ de MS, FDN y FDA para los cuatro tratamientos a 12, 24, 48 o 72 h de incubacion. El pH a 4 h fue mayor (p.0.05) para las dietas con rastrojo que para las dietas con paja, aunque no hubo efecto (p>0.05) de las enzimas. La concentracion molar de acido acetico fue superior (p 0.05). El acido butirico se redujo (p.0.05) con enzima a las 12 h (10.03 vs 6.01 mM). Las enzimas fibroliticas modificaron la fermentacion ruminal pero no mejoraron la digestibilidad de las dietas.
Pulmonary Epithelium: Cell Types and Functions

The pulmonary airway tree branches in a dichotomous fashion, with repeated bifurcation stemming from the trachea. The conducting airway include the regions that do not undergo gas exchange, beginning with the trachea, which divides into two bronchi. These primary airway then branch into a series of intra-pulmonary bronchial and bronchiolar airway. Both the diameter and the length of each airway branch decrease progressively from the trachea to the periphery, where the terminal bronchioles are the most distal conducting airway (Magno and Fishman, 1982). In rodents, these bronchioles lead directly to alveolar ducts, whereas in humans and monkeys, a region of transitional respiratory bronchioles with characteristics of both bronchioles and alveoli exists between the bronchioles and the alveoli of the gas exchange area (Tyler, 1983). The entire pulmonary tree is lined by a continuous layer of epithelial cells. The relative distribution and abundance of the epithelial cell types vary significantly, not only between species, but also within the various airway regions of each species. The pulmonary epithelium is important for maintaining the normal functions of the respiratory system, which include acting as a barrier to various insults (Widdicombe, 1987b); facilitating mucociliary clearance (Sleigh et al., 1988); secreting substances such as surfactant proteins, mucus, and antimicrobial peptides for airway surface protection (Widdicombe, 1987a); repairing and regenerating epithelial cells to restore normal airway function (Evans et al., 1976); and modulating the response of other airway components, such as airway smooth muscle cells and inflammatory cells (Flavahan et al., 1985; Holtzman et al., 1983, Breeze and Wheeldon, 1977). As many as 49 cell types have been recognized (Breeze and Wheeldon, 1977). While many of these are intermediate or differentiating cells, at least 10 to 12 morphologically and functionally unique epithelial cell types can be identified throughout the pulmonary structure (Breeze and
The Uncertainty Channel of the Coronavirus

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, has severely disrupted economic activity through various supply and demand channels. The pandemic can also have pervasive economic impact by raising uncertainty. In the past, sudden and outsized spikes in uncertainty have led to large and protracted increases in unemployment and declines in inflation. These effects are similar to those resulting from declines in aggregate demand. Monetary policy accommodation, such as interest rate cuts, can help cushion the economy from such uncertainty shocks.
A Systematic Review of Culturally Adapted Behavioral Activation Treatments for Depression

Objective: Behavioral activation constitutes a promising behavioral treatment for depression. Due to its contextual and idiographic approach, the intervention might be well suited for treating depression in culturally diverse populations. Method: The authors conducted a systematic literature review on culturally adapted behavioral activation treatments. Results: Seventeen studies were identified through database searching involving different target populations and a variety of adapted interventions. Circumstances were frequently shaped by cultural values and a wide range of environmental stressors. Adaptations were found in different dimensions including language, content, methods, and context. Across studies, results indicated the effectiveness of behavioral activation and its cultural adaptations for treating depression in their respective target groups. Discussion: The results of this review may serve as an input both for practitioners employing behavioral activation in their daily work with culturally diverse clients and for researchers interested in culturally adapting treatment to specific populations.
Time-Frequency Feature Decomposition Based on Sound Duration for Acoustic Scene Classification

Acoustic scene classification is the task of identifying the type of acoustic environment in which a given audio signal is recorded. The signal is a mixture of sound events with various characteristics. In-depth and focused analysis is needed to find out the most representative sound patterns for recognizing and differentiating the scenes. In this paper, we propose a feature decomposition method based on temporal median filtering, and use convolutional neural network to model long-duration background sounds and transient sounds separately. Experiments on log-mel and wavelet based time-frequency features show that using the proposed method leads to better classification accuracy. Analysis of detailed experimental results reveals that (1) long-duration sounds are generally most informative for acoustic scene classification; and (2) the focus of sound duration may be different for classifying different types of acoustic scenes.
Correction factors for two new reference beta radiation fields

Several correction factors for two new reference beta-particle radiation fields complementing ISO 6980 have been measured and calculated for both primary beta dosimetry and the operational quantities in radiation protection. The following correction factors for primary beta dosimetry for the determination of the absorbed dose to tissue, Dt, have been determined by calculations: kba for backscatter from the collecting electrode, kpe for perturbation by the chamber’s side walls, kih for inhomogeneity inside the collecting volume, kSta for the stopping power ratio at different phantom depths, and kSA for the use of the Spencer-Attix theory, while the following have been measured: kbr for the effect of bremsstrahlung and kabs for variations in the attenuation and scattering of beta particles between the source and the collecting volume due to variations from reference conditions and for differences of the entrance window to a tissue-equivalent thickness of 0.07 mm. Furthermore, calculations were undertaken to determine the following correction factors to assess the operational quantities Hp(0.07), Hp(3), H′(0.07), and H′(3): krod(0.07) for the rod instead of the slab phantom, kcyl(3) for the cylinder instead of the slab phantom, as well as k′(0.07) and k′(3) for the ICRU sphere instead of the slab phantom, while the correction factor for oblique radiation incidence has been measured. The newly determined correction factors were determined in the same way as those for several well-established beta-particle radiation fields described in two earlier publications by the author. Furthermore, they are ready to be implemented in an updated version of the ISO 6980 series and in the software of the Beta Secondary Standard BSS 2.
PENGARUH SOSIAL EKONOMI DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA DI DESA KUALU TAMBANG KAMPAR

According to WHO, stunting is a condition of failure to grow. This can be experienced by children who get poor nutrition, have recurrent infections, and have insufficient psychosocial stimulation. Children are said to be stunting when their height growth does not match the world standard growth chart. The 2018 National Health Research (Riskesdas) data processed by Lokadata Beritagar.id shows that 30.8 percent of children under five in Indonesia experience stunting. Based on the Kampar Nutrition Situation Map in 2018 explained that the prevalence of toddlers is very short. In Kampar District it is 6.67% and short toddlers is 13.15%. If you look at the prevalence according to sub-districts in Kampar District, this study is an observational study using a cross-sectional design, using 105 toddlers. The study was conducted in Kualu Village. Bivariate data analysis uses the Quadratic Kai Test. The results showed that some parents in the Toddler Stunting group had a basic education of 102 respondents (92.86%), most had 70 respondents (67.87%) of labor and the income of most of the income below the regional drinking wage (<UMR) of 65 respondents (58.62%). The results of the bivariate study found two variables (Education, and Income) significantly related to the incidence of Stunting (p-value <0.05). It is recommended to parents of toddlers both in the Stunting group and those who are not Stunting, should be able to arrange time even though working so they can still provide adequate parenting to the Toddler. Parents should be able to meet the needs of their toddlers
Sensitivity of the N. AEGEAN SEA ecosystem to Black Sea Water inputs

The effect of Black Sea Water (BSW) inputs on the North Aegean Sea productivity and food web dynamics was investigated, by means of sensitivity simulations, investigating the effect of the inflowing BSW, in terms of inorganic nutrients and dissolved organic matter. The model used has been successfully applied in the area in the past and extensively presented. Considering the importance of the microbial loop in the ecosystem functioning, the role of the dissolved organics and in order to achieve a more realistic representation of the Dissolved Organic Matter pool, the bacteria sub-model was appropriately revised. The importance of the microbial loop is highlighted by the carbon fluxes where almost 50% of carbon is channelled within it. The impact of dissolved organic matter (DOM) (in the inflowing to the Aegean Sea, BSW) appears to be stronger than the impact of dissolved inorganic nutrients, showing a more extended effect over the N Aegean. Bacterial production and biomass is more strongly affected in the simulations by modified DOM, unlike phytoplankton biomass and production, which are more dependent on the inflowing nutrients and particularly phosphorus (inorganic and dissolved organic). In the phytoplankton composition, the dinoflagellates appear to be mostly affected, being favoured by higher nutrient availability at the expense of all other groups, particularly picoplankton, indicating a shift to a more classical food chain.
Do plant endophytic and free-living Chaetomium species differ?

The carbon nutrition of leaf endophytes and free-living members of the genus Chaetomium were compared to better understand the interaction between endophytes and their host, and the potential for endophytes to have complex life cycles. Broadly similar potential utilisation of several carbon sources was observed among endophytes and free-living isolates of Chaetomium. All fungi developed measurable biomass on glucose, cellobiose, carboxymethyl cellulose and xylan, and crystalline cellulose was slowly cleared from agar. Pectin was poorly utilised by these isolates. Sequence analysis of the fungi indicates that diverse taxa of Chaetomium may colonise wheat leaves, and that fungi with similar sequences are found in other habitats. Endophytic isolates of Chaetomium may complete part of their life cycle in other habitats.