Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equity Allocation and Risk-Taking in the Intermediation Chain

We build an equilibrium model of the capital structure and risk-taking in the originate-to-distribute intermediation chain in presence of absolute demand for safety by some investors and limited endowment by equity investors. Loan originators may expand investment by raising funds from intermediaries that diversify idiosyncratic risks to create safe securitized assets. Equity funding allows originators to improve their risk-taking incentives and intermediaries to absorb losses from their exposure to aggregate risk. The competitive allocation of equity renders the equilibrium Pareto constrained efficient. Consistent with the saving glut narrative of the expansion of securitization in the run-up to the crisis, an increase in the demand for safety leads to increases in the overall equity invested in intermediaries, the relative size of the intermediary sector and risk-taking at origination. Government policies that include fiscally neutral guarantees to the issuance of securitized assets lead to Pareto improvements in the economy, have ambiguous risk-taking effects at origination, and are preferable to guarantees to originators because of intermediaries' higher exposure to aggregate risk.
Munc18-1 is involved in homeostatic upregulation of transmitter release at the myasthenic mouse neuromuscular synapse

Homeostatic upregulation of presynaptic neurotransmitter release in response to a reduction of postsynaptic transmitter sensitivity has been observed at brain synapses and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). This phenomenon allows synapses to adapt to (patho-)physiological changes. Compensatory upregulation of ACh release has been observed at NMJs of patients with myasthenia gravis and in experimental animal models for this paralytic auto-immune disease, in which postsynaptic ACh receptors at NMJs are reduced by autoantibodies. This form of synaptic plasticity presumably involves local retrograde signaling from postto presynapse. Ultimate targets of such signaling pathway may be the protein components of the neuro-exocytotic machinery or proteins that modulate its function. One candidate is Munc18-1, a presynaptic protein which is essential for neurotransmitter release and presumably acts as positive regulator of transmitter release at mouse NMJs. Munc18-1 is known to interact with the protein complex that regulates membrane fusion of transmitter vesicles. Here, we have investigated Munc18-1 involvement in homeostatic upregulation of transmitter release at NMJs. To this end, we induced an experimental form of myasthenia gravis to Munc18-1 heterozygous null-mutant mice, Munc18-1 overexpressing transgenic mice, and wild type controls. Neurotransmitter release was measured with in vitro electrophysiological methods. Myasthenic Munc18-1 heterozygous null-mutant mice were impaired in their ability to upregulate acetylcholine release at their NMJs. On the other hand, Munc18-1 overexpressing NMJs did not show additional upregulation, compared to wild-type controls. We conclude that Munc18-1 is involved in homeostatic upregulation of transmitter release, and that other factors become limiting when Munc18-1 is present at elevated level. Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research NWO (grants 903-42-073, M.S.S; 903-42-023, R.F.T. and Pionier 900-01-001, M.V.) and the KNAW Van Leersumfonds (J.J.P.).
Demographic analysis of insect reproductive levels, patterns and heterogeneity: case study of laboratory strains of three Hawaiian tephritids

Reproductive data were collected on individually‐held adult oriental fruit flies, Dacus dorsalis, melon flies, Dacus cucurbitae, and Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata including age‐by‐parity relations, birth interval, frequency distribution of individual egg production levels and the concentration of reproduction among females in a cohort. Specific findings include: i) delay in reproductive peaks in a cohort after eclosion is due almost entirely to the variance in attainment of reproductive maturity among individuals; ii) low reproductive output of reproductively mature melon flies is due mostly to long birth intervals; iii) high egg production in both the medfly and the oriental fruit fly is due to their consistency of egg laying levels and frequency (short birth intervals). Discussion stresses the importance of viewing reproduction, not as a singular and discrete life history trait, but as consisting of subcomponents of daily parity, cumulative parity and birth interval.
Molecular phylogeny of the Bivalvia inferred from 18S rDNA sequences with particular reference to the Pteriomorphia

Abstract The classification of the Pteriomorphia, a major division of the Bivalvia with Ordovician origins, is controversial both among palaeontologists and neontologists. To elucidate phylogenetic relationships new near-complete 18S rDNA sequences of 26 Pteriomorphia, three Protobranchia, three Heterodonta, one Anomalodesmata and three Scaphopoda were obtained, aligned with 71 other published molluscan sequences, and analysed with parsimony, maximum likelihood and spectral analysis. Although Bivalvia appear diphyletic due to heterogeneity of substitution rates among lineages, monophyly of Protobranchia, Heteroconchia and Pteriomorphia is supported. The heteroconch Lucinida, Myoida and Venerida are not monophyletic, and Anomalodesmata arise from within Heteroconchia. The basal nodes of Pteriomorphia have little support but two major clades, [Pinnoidea (Ostreoidea + Pterioidea)] and [(Anomioidea + Plicatuloidea) + (Limoidea + Pectinoidea)], are resolved with more confidence. The strongly supported clade of Anomioidea + Plicatuloidea, the separation of Pinnoidea from Pterioidea and most of the intrafamiliar relationships are not in accordance with morphological classifications. Combining these results with selected morphological characters, a phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed showing Mytiloidea and Arcoidea as the basal pteriomorph groups, the latter giving rise to the clade uniting the pinnoid-ostreoid-pterioid and the anomioid-limoid-pectinoid lines.
A Systematic Review of Learning based Notion Change Acceptance Strategies for Incremental Mining

The data generated contemporarily from different communication environments is dynamic in content different from the earlier static data environments. The high speed streams have huge digital data transmitted with rapid context changes unlike static environments where the data is mostly stationery. The process of extracting, classifying, and exploring relevant information from enormous flowing and high speed varying streaming data has several inapplicable issues when static data based strategies are applied. The learning strategies of static data are based on observable and established notion changes for exploring the data whereas in high speed data streams there are no fixed rules or drift strategies existing beforehand and the classification mechanisms have to develop their own learning schemes in terms of the notion changes and Notion Change Acceptance by changing the existing notion, or substituting the existing notion, or creating new notions with evaluation in the classification process in terms of the previous, existing, and the newer incoming notions. The research in this field has devised numerous data stream mining strategies for determining, predicting, and establishing the notion changes in the process of exploring and accurately predicting the next notion change occurrences in Notion Change. In this context of feasible relevant better knowledge discovery in this paper we have given an illustration with nomenclature of various contemporarily affirmed models of benchmark in data stream mining for adapting the Notion Change.
A new species of Bufo Laurenti (Anura, Bufonidae) from northeastern Brazil

A new species of bufonid load, Bufo jimi sp. nov., is described from Maracas and Itagiba, State of Bahia, Brazil. This species shows close relationships to B. paracnemis Lutz, 1925 by sharing the presence of tibial glands and the paratoid glands shape. The new species is a member of the Bufo marinus-group, and is characlerized by having well-defined glands in most part of dorsal faceof the forearms, in the extcrn side of the feet and in both sides of cloacal region.
Beyond the Invisible Barriers of the Classroom: iEngage and Civic Praxis.

Research literature suggests students need to engage in actual civic experiences; however, in most cases, teachers feel unwilling or unable to facilitate experiences beyond the formal classroom setting. In this project, we sought to understand the relationship between social studies teachers’ civic ideology, pedagogical approaches, and instructional decisionmaking through their engagement in an action civics camp. The project is part of a more significant effort to help critically minded teachers engage in more activist praxis by moving past the oftenlimiting ideological barriers of the classroom. By activist praxis, we refer to the ways a teacher’s ideology informs pedagogy related to the ways they are able and willing to extend civic engagement into the material and social world. Activist praxis is part of a teacher’s continual engagement in efforts to create the conditions for a more just and equitable public sphere. Submit a response to this article Submit online at democracyeducationjournal.org/home Read responses to this article online http://democracyeducationjournal.org/home/vol28/iss1/1 Education at the University of Texas at Austin, and she spent several years teaching in the Dallas area prior to joining the Baylor community. Her research interests include civics education, secondary social studies education, race and education, and critical theory. Brooke Blevins, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Secondary and Social Studies Education at Baylor University. Dr. Blevins’ research focuses on social studies education as a means to prepare active and engaged citizens. In her work, Dr. Blevins examines how to prepare teachers to develop both political clarity and pedagogical content knowledge that encourages them to engage in transformational based and humanizing social studies education. In addition, Dr. Blevins is also interested in how to educate and empower young people to become active civic participants through Kevin Russel Magill, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of Curriculum and Instruction, with an emphasis in Social Studies, at Baylor University in Waco, Texas. He is particularly interested in how Social Studies teacher understandings of ontology and ideology inform the ways they teach civics and social studies. Dr. Magill’s research has been published in journals such as Theory and Research in Social Education, Social Studies Research and Practice, The Journal of Social Studies Research, and Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies. He is co-editor of the book Imagining Education: Beyond the Logic of Global Neoliberal Capitalism and of national book series Taking Sides: American History vol. 1 & vol. 2. Victoria Davis Smith is a doctoral student in Curriculum and Instruction at Baylor University. She completed her Masters of
Spatial Economics for Granular Settings

We introduce a general-equilibrium model of a "granular" spatial economy populated by a finite number of people. Our quantitative model is designed for application to the growing body of fine spatial data used to study economic outcomes for regions, cities, and neighborhoods. Conventional approaches invoking the law of large numbers are ill-suited for such empirical settings. We evaluate quantitative spatial models' out-of-sample predictions using event studies of large office openings in New York City. Our granular framework improves upon the conventional continuum-of-individuals model, which perfectly fits the pre-event data but produces predictions uncorrelated with the observed changes in commuting flows.
GENOTYPE-SPECIFIC DETECTION OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA IN STOOL SAMPLES OF DIARRHOEAL AND NON-DIARRHOEAL PATIENTS IN DHAKA, BANGLADESH

Two major genotypic assemblages (A and B) of Giardia lamblia infect humans. A single-vessel multiplex real-time PCR assay was used that genotypes Giardia infections into assemblages A and/or B directly from fecal samples. In this study, 157 diarrhoeal (symptomatic) and non-diarrhoeal (asymptomatic) stool samples collected from the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) hospital, respectively were analyzed to determine whether an association exists between infections with G. lamblia assemblages A or B and diarrhea in Bangladesh. Of the 157 stool samples, Giardia cysts were observed in 35 by microscopy and 127 showed positive result for Giardia cyst specific antigen. The 127 ELISA positive samples were assayed for genotyping by real? time polymerase chain reaction. Of the 117 real-time PCR positive stool samples, 15 were positive for G. lamblia assemblage A, 96 were positive for assemblage B and 6 samples showed positive result for both G. lamblia assemblage A and B infections. Higher ratios for diarrhea were observed for assemblage A infections, whereas higher parasite DNA loads and a higher overall rate were observed for assemblage B infections in both diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal patients. Real-time PCR is, therefore, useful as an additional test supplementary to microscopy or enzyme immunoassay to detect genotypes of Giardia . Key words: Giardia lamblia; Genotypes; Multiplex real-time PCR; Immunoassay DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/dujbs.v20i2. 8979 DUJBS 2011; 20(2): 183-189
EVALUATING MOCEP’S PILOT PROGRAM IN LEBANON IN PALESTINIAN CAMPS

This study purports to evaluate the piloting of the Mother Child Educational Program (MOCEP) sponsored by Arab Resource Collective (ARC) in Lebanon to measure the effectiveness of this home-based early intervention program on both mothers and their children, with respect to its proposed goals and objectives. Eighty-eight Palestinian mothers from six organizations/camps for Palestinian refugees participated in the study. The second and third phases of the program, training of mothers by trainers and program implementation on children, were assessed. The program’s effectiveness was measured by way of two questionnaires completed by the mothers, one assessing children’s performance and the other examining mothers’ performance. Questionnaires were filled out in two stages: preand postparticipation in the program. Results showed significant improvement in children’s performance, the mother-child relationship, and enhancement of the home environment in a way that makes it more conducive to child development. This study has important implications for addressing the needs of Palestinian children through MOCEP. It also highlights the obstacles that impede its proper implementation.
BLACKPOOL’S COASTAL URBAN HEAT ISLAND ABSTRACT

This research quantifies Blackpool’s urban heat island (UHI) by examining land cover, seabreezes and human comfort. Meteorological data, including dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity measurements, were collected along a 41-kilometre route incorporating a coastal transect during summer 2014. The measurements were obtained utilising a data logger attached to the roof of a vehicle, which captured a total of 18 transverses. Blackpool reported a strong UHI with a maximum intensity of 4.3°C. However, the Irish Sea moderated coastal areas, cooling parts by up to 3°C during the afternoon and warming nearby areas during the evening. The heat indices: Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature, Canadian Humidex and the South African Discomfort Index, revealed that discomfort from high temperatures and humidity reaches moderate-extreme levels at the 95th percentile (or on 5% of days). Urban parks were only effective at mitigating against high temperatures in the evening. This goes against prior research advocating the ‘greening of cities’ to effectively mitigate against the UHI.
Effect of nutritional restriction on growth, adaptation physiology and estrous responses in Malpura ewes

The study was conducted to ascertain the effects of nutritional restrictions on growth, physiological adaptability and reproduction in sheep. The experiment was conducted for a period of 35 days covering two estrus cycles in 40 adult Malpura ewes. The animals were randomly divided into four groups of 10 animals each (100%; 80%; 70%; 60% of ad libitum). The ewes were fed a ration consisting of 70% roughage and 30% concentrate. At weekly intervals, physiological responses were recorded and blood samples were also collected. Nutritional restriction of different magnitude (80%; 70%; 60% of ad libitum) altered the growth, physiological adaptability and estrus responses to different extents in Malpura ewes. But the impact was most severe in 60% of ad libitum group. Nutritional restriction to the level of 60% of ad libitum feeding significantly decreased body weight, body condition score, plasma insulin-like growth factor, pulse rate in the morning, respiration rate and pulse rate in the afternoon, plasma glucose, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, plasma tri-iodo-thyronine and thyroxine, plasma cortisol, plasma estradiol, estrus % and estrus duration, while it significantly increased plasma concentration of growth hormone, hemoglobin, plasma concentration of progesterone and estrus cycle length. The study clearly establishes the effect of different levels of nutrition and its impact on the biological functions necessary to adapt to semi-arid environment. Although, 80%, 70% and 60% groups showed signs of nutritional stress, the effects were more pronounced in 60% ewes. Furthermore, this study clearly establishes the role of various hormones required to adapt to different levels of nutritional stress in Malpura ewes.
Policy Interaction and the Transition To Clean Technology

Using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with financial frictions and an environmental externality embedded in a two-sector production economy (i.e. green and dirty sectors), we investigate the role and efficiency of macroprudential and monetary policies under the presence of a carbon market (such as the European Trading Scheme). We identify two inefficiencies arising from the existence of the european market for carbon permits: a welfare wedge and a risk premium distortion. We find that sectoral macroprudential weights on loans favorable to the green sector can help in closing the welfare wedge. With respect to risk premia, we show that a quantitative easing rule would allow authorities to drastically reduce the effect of carbon price volatility on corporates risk premia. In addition, we find that macroprudential policy is needed to provide an incentive to central banks to engage in large scale green asset purchase programs.
Human-mediated drivers of change — impacts on coastal ecosystems and marine biota of South Africa

Coastal ecosystems are highly vulnerable to human-mediated drivers of global change because they are located at the land–ocean interface and often host centres of urbanisation and development. The South African coastline comprises several distinct coastal ecoregions that support a wide range of coastal (inshore) ecosystems, including rocky, sandy and mixed shores, kelp beds, estuaries and seagrass communities. A growing body of evidence indicates that local air and sea temperatures, wind patterns, ocean current speed and upwelling regimes are all being affected by human-mediated climate change. In addition, anthropogenic activities, such as shipping (introducing coastal bioinvasives), exploitation of coastal marine resources, industry (releasing pollutants) and urban development, act synergistically with climate change to place pressure on coastal ecosystems and their biota. The aim of this review was primarily to synthesise and update research into causes of direct and indirect human-mediated global change and their effects on South African coastal systems. It incorporates both historic and the latest regional research on climate change and anthropogenic threats across the ecosystems listed above, much of which was supported by the South African Network for Coastal and Oceanic Research (SANCOR), specifically the SEAChange programme in recent years. It is evident that all these ecosystems are vulnerable to all the drivers considered, albeit to differing degrees, depending on their location on the coast. Whereas some bioinvasives have had a dramatic impact on rocky shore systems on the West Coast, their impact has been moderate on the South Coast and minimal on the East Coast; exploitation shows the reverse pattern. Furthermore, the impacts of human-mediated drivers on coastal ecosystems are synergistic. Of major interest is the fact that the West Coast and parts of the South Coast are exhibiting cooling trends in offshore sea surface temperatures, rather than warming. Correspondingly, a geographical spread of organisms associated with West and South-West Coast rocky shores and kelp beds has tended to be eastwards around Cape Point, rather than northwards along the West Coast as would have been expected with warming sea temperatures. Overall, significant progress has been made toward a better understanding of the combined pressures on each ecosystem and knowledge gaps have been identified, thus helping to direct future research themes.
The Ethnography of Captive Elephant Management in Nepal: A Synopsis

In 2001, with the help of my research assistant Satya Man Lama, I embarked upon an anthropological study of captive elephant management in Nepal. This has been a long-term programme of ethnographic research entailing participant observation, semi-structured interviewing, survey data, photographic documentation, historical investigation, and textual translation. My doctoral fieldwork additionally involved my own apprenticeship as an elephant handler at the Khorsor Elephant Breeding Center in Chitwan, where the handlers explained that I could never understand their life and work unless I experienced it for myself. Khorsor is also the site at which we shot the documentary film Servants of Ganesh, which concerns the training of a juvenile elephant called Paras Gaj (Dugas & Locke 2007).
Microscopic examination of photoautotrophic and phosphatase‐producing organisms
in phosphorus‐limited Everglades periphyton mats

Using a fluorescent‐labeled enzyme substrate, we examined the location of in situ phosphatase activity in a periphyton mat and explored the potential associations of phosphatase‐producing organisms (PPO) and cyanobacteria within these mats. Our results indicate that most PPOs are concentrated in the lower section of the mat, and the phosphatase activity appears to be associated with heterotrophic organisms that are in close proximity to chlorophyll‐containing cyanobacteria. The lack of observed phosphatase by larger photosynthetic cells and the close association of these cells with PPOs indicate a possible interaction whereby PPOs obtain photosynthetically fixed carbon from cyanobacteria and, in turn, provide inorganic phosphorus (P) and other compounds to the cyanobacteria. We believe these results may represent additional evidence for algal‐bacterial symbiosis in aquatic systems and, in particular, the P‐limited cyanobacterial mat communities