Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potentials and challenges for the optoelectronic oscillator

We review our experimental and simulation-modeling studies on optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs). The OEO can have an intrinsic quality factor, Q that is orders of magnitude higher than that of the best electronic oscillators (i.e. Poseidon). However, our experimental results show that the OEO's current phase noise level is still worse than that of the Poseidon. This is caused by many noise sources in the OEO which reduce the "loaded-Q" in the loop system. In order to mitigate these noise sources, we have systematically studied such phenomena as the laser RIN, Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering in the fiber, vibration, etc. These noise sources are convoluted in both optical and electrical domains by many different physical effects; hence, it is very difficult to experimentally separate them, and only the dominant phase noise is observed in each offset-frequency. Therefore, we developed a computational model to simulate our experimental injection-locked dual-OEO system. By validating the model with our experimental results from both individual components and OEO loops, we can start to trace the individual phase noise sources. The goal is to use the validated model to guide our experiments to identify the dominant phase noise in each spectral region, and mitigate these noise sources so that the OEO can reach its full potential.
A Comparison of Etiology, Pathogenesis, Vaccinal and Antiviral Drug Development between Influenza and COVID-19

Influenza virus and coronavirus, two kinds of pathogens that exist widely in nature, are common emerging pathogens that cause respiratory tract infections in humans. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerged, causing a severe respiratory infection named COVID-19 in humans, and raising a global pandemic which has persisted in the world for almost three years. Influenza virus, a seasonally circulating respiratory pathogen, has caused four global pandemics in humans since 1918 by the emergence of novel variants. Studies have shown that there are certain similarities in transmission mode and pathogenesis between influenza and COVID-19, and vaccination and antiviral drugs are considered to have positive roles as well as several limitations in the prevention and control of both diseases. Comparative understandings would be helpful to the prevention and control of these diseases. Here, we review the study progress in the etiology, pathogenesis, vaccine and antiviral drug development for the two diseases.
Follow-up visits after a concussion in the pediatric population: An integrative review

BACKGROUND: Concussions are a significant health issue for children and youth. After a concussion diagnosis, follow-up visits with a health care provider are important for reassessment, continued management, and further education. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to synthesize and analyse the current state of the literature on follow-up visits of children with a concussive injury and examine the factors associated with follow-up visits. METHODS: An integrative review was conducted based on Whittemore and Knafl’s framework. Databases searched included PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. RESULTS: Twenty-four articles were reviewed. We identified follow-up visit rates, timing to a first follow-up visit, and factors associated with follow-up visits as common themes. Follow-up visit rates ranged widely, from 13.2 to 99.5%, but time to the first follow-up visit was only reported in eight studies. Three types of factors were associated with attending a follow-up visit: injury-related factors, individual factors, and health service factors. CONCLUSION: Concussed children and youth have varying rates of follow-up care after an initial concussion diagnosis, with little known about the timing of this visit. Diverse factors are associated with the first follow-up visit. Further research on follow-up visits after a concussion in this population is warranted.
AN ASYMPTOTIC APPROXIMATION FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF φ-DIVERGENCE MULTINOMIAL GOODNESS-OF-FIT STATISTIC UNDER LOCAL ALTERNATIVES

On the goodness-of-fit test for multinomial distribution, Zografos et al. (1990) proposed the φ-divergence family of statistics, which includes the power divergence family of statistics as a special case. They showed that under null hypothesis, the members of the φ-divergence family of statistics all have an asymptotically equivalent chi-square distribution. Furthermore, Menendez et al. (1997) derived an asymptotic expansion for the null distribution of the φ-divergence statistic. In this paper, we derive an approximation for the distribution of the φ-divergence statistic under local alternatives. The approximation is based on the continuous term of the asymptotic expansion for the distribution of the φ-divergence statistic. By using the approxi- mation, we propose a new approximation for the power of the statistic. The results are generalizations of those derived by Taneichi et al. which discussed the power divergence statistic. We numerically investigate the accuracy of the approximation when two types of concrete φ-divergence statistics are applied. By the numerical investigation, we find that the present approximation performs better than the other approximations.
Real-Time Motion Analysis With 4D Deep Learning for Ultrasound-Guided Radiotherapy

Motion compensation in radiation therapy is a challenging scenario that requires estimating and forecasting motion of tissue structures to deliver the target dose. Ultrasound offers direct imaging of tissue in real-time and is considered for image guidance in radiation therapy. Recently, fast volumetric ultrasound has gained traction, but motion analysis with such high-dimensional data remains difficult. While deep learning could bring many advantages, such as fast data processing and high performance, it remains unclear how to process sequences of hundreds of image volumes efficiently and effectively. We present a 4D deep learning approach for real-time motion estimation and forecasting using long-term 4D ultrasound data. Using motion traces acquired during radiation therapy combined with various tissue types, our results demonstrate that long-term motion estimation can be performed markerless with a tracking error of $0.35\pm 0.2$ mm and with an inference time of less than 5 ms. Also, we demonstrate forecasting directly from the image data up to 900 ms into the future. Overall, our findings highlight that 4D deep learning is a promising approach for motion analysis during radiotherapy.
Rotation measure variations across the lobes of extragalactic radio sources

It is shown through a high-resolution, three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation of a transonic shear layer that large-scale nonlinear surface waves can form on the lobes of extragalactic radio sources through the successive merging of smaller waves generated by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. A theory is proposed relating these surface waves to substantial variations in rotation measure. The magnetic field is advected into the surrounding medium by an associated low level of turbulence, and changes direction on a scale approximately equal to the half-wavelength of the Kelvin-Helmholtz waves. The mixing of magnetic field from the lobe with the surrounding thermal plasma causes large positive and negative rotation measure excursions. The peak-to-peak variation in rotation measure is estimated and favorably compared with values in five regions of Cygnus A and in the northern lobe of a newly studied radio source PKS 2104 - 25N. 21 refs.
Bta-miR-206 and a Novel lncRNA-lncA2B1 Promote Myogenesis of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells via Common Binding Protein HNRNPA2B1

Skeletal muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) can proliferate, differentiate, and self-renew, and can also participate in muscle formation and muscle injury repair. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can play an important role with the RNA binding protein and microRNAs (miRNAs) to regulate the myogenesis of bovine MuSCs, however, its molecular mechanism is still being explored. In this study, differentially expressed 301 lncRNAs were identified during the myogenic differentiation of cells based on an in vitro model of induced differentiation of bovine MuSCs using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Based on the ability of miR-206 to regulate myogenic cell differentiation, a new kind of lncRNA-lncA2B1 without protein-coding ability was found, which is expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Subsequently, lncA2B1 inhibited cell proliferation by downregulating the expression of the proliferation marker Pax7 and promoted myogenic differentiation by upregulating the expression of the differentiation marker MyHC, whose regulatory function is closely related to miR-206. By RNA pulldown/LC-MS experiments, heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1), and DExH-Box Helicase 9 (DHX9) were identified as common binding proteins of lncA2B1 and miR-206. Overexpression of lncA2B1 and miR-206 significantly upregulated the expression level of HNRNPA2B1. Downregulation of HNRNPA2B1 expression significantly decreased the expression level of the differentiation marker MyHC, which indicates that miR-206 and lncA2B1 regulate myogenic differentiation of bovine MuSCs by acting on HNRNPA2B1. This study screened and identified a novel lncRNA-lncA2B1, which functions with miR-206 to regulate myogenesis via the common binding proteins HNRNPA2B1. The results of this study provide a new way to explore the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs and miRNAs regulate muscle growth and development.
Optical properties of Si- and Mg-doped gallium nitride nanowires grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy

The optical properties of GaN nanowires grown by catalyst free plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on Si (111) are investigated by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The influence of the Si- and Mg-flux as well as the III-V ratio during growth on the PL properties is discussed. The Mg concentration as determined by secondary ion mass spectroscopy ranges from 5×1018 to 1×1020 cm−3. Raman scattering reveals that the nanowires are strain-free, irrespective of Si- or Mg-doping. The near band-edge emission of undoped or slightly Si-doped material is dominated by the narrow D0X recombination at 3.4715 eV with a full width at half maximum of 1.5 meV at 4 K. For high Si-fluxes, a blueshift of the D0X peak by 1 meV is found, which is attributed to band-filling effects. For moderate Mg-fluxes the acceptor-bound exciton recombination was detected at 3.4665 eV. Point defects due to the N-rich growth conditions are discussed as the origin of the emission band at 3.45 eV. Recombination at coalescence boundaries we.
Combination Therapy with a Bispecific Antibody Targeting the hERG1/β1 Integrin Complex and Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers and is forecasted to become the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths by 2030. Its therapy has proven extremely difficult and, consequently, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies for PDAC. Although Gemcitabine chemotherapy has long been used as a standard of care for PDAC, it suffers from limited efficacy and high toxicity. Here, we describe a new therapeutic strategy based on a single chain bispecific antibody (scDb-hERG1-β1) which targets a cancer-specific antigen, i.e., the complex formed by the K+ channel hERG1 and the β1 integrin (hERG1/β1 integrin complex). The combination of scDb-hERG1-β1 with sub-optimal doses of Gemcitabine in mice implanted with PDAC showed good therapeutic efficacy, low toxicity and, consequently, prolonged survival time. Our data pave the way for improving the therapy of PDAC, and possibly other cancers, by combining chemotherapy with ion channel modulators. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents an unmet medical need. Difficult/late diagnosis as well as the poor efficacy and high toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs result in dismal prognosis. With the aim of improving the treatment outcome of PDAC, we tested the effect of combining Gemcitabine with a novel single chain bispecific antibody (scDb) targeting the cancer-specific hERG1/β1 integrin complex. First, using the scDb (scDb-hERG1-β1) in immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot (WB) analysis and immunofluorescence (IF), we confirmed the presence of the hERG1/β1 integrin complex in primary PDAC samples and PDAC cell lines. Combining Gemcitabine with scDb-hERG1-β1 improved its cytotoxicity on all PDAC cells tested in vitro. We also tested the combination treatment in vivo, using an orthotopic xenograft mouse model involving ultrasound-guided injection of PDAC cells. We first demonstrated good penetration of the scDb-hERG1-β1 conjugated with indocyanine green (ICG) into tumour masses by photoacoustic (PA) imaging. Next, we tested the effects of the combination at either therapeutic or sub-optimal doses of Gemcitabine (25 or 5 mg/kg, respectively). The combination of scDb-hERG1-β1 and sub-optimal doses of Gemcitabine reduced the tumour masses to the same extent as the therapeutic doses of Gemcitabine administrated alone; yielded increased survival; and was accompanied by minimised side effects (toxicity). These data pave the way for a novel therapeutic approach to PDAC, based on the combination of low doses of a chemotherapeutic drug (to minimize adverse side effects and the onset of resistance) and the novel scDb-hERG1-β1 targeting the hERG1/β1 integrin complex as neoantigen.
Numerical Investigation of an Industrial Robot Arm Control Problem Using Haar Wavelet Series

Problem statement: An error minimization in robot arm dynamics improves operations and performance of production systems. Many contributions have been made in area of robot dynamics since the earliest study more than two decades, but, a number of researchers are still contributing various principles and new techniques for the best use of robots in reality, especially in the field of industry, as this field of study is inexhaustible. This study attempted to analyze the performance of an industrial robot by comparing solutions obtained using RK method and Single-Term Haar Wavelet Series (STHWS) method. Exact solution of system of equations representing arm model of a robot had been compared with corresponding discrete solution at different time intervals. Absolute error between exact and discrete solutions had also been determined to suggest the method of improving performance of a robot. Approach: Haar wavelet had been applied extensively for signal processing in communications and proved to be a useful mathematical tool for dynamical systems. In this study, STWHS method had been used for solving differential equations. Result had been obtained and compared with exact solutions. Results: Error had been compared by exact solutions, RK and STHWS solutions were reported for non-singular systems and estimated as almost zero. The validation had been carried out with reference to earlier research output appeared in this field of study. Conclusion/Recommendations: For robot arm model selected for study, solution obtained by STHWS was found to be accurate from results.
Neighbourhood effects in mental arithmetic

We introduce the concept of consistency of a multiplication problem with its neighbours (e.g., problem 6 u 4 has neighbours 6 u 3 and 6 u 5). Two problems are consistent to the extent that their solutions have the same decade or unit values. It is argued that this measure of consistency provides a natural explanation for a number of hitherto unrelated findings in the literature, for example, the size effect and the tie effect in mental multiplication. Further, the consistency of some multiplication problems was experimentally manipulated by presenting or not presenting a number of neighbours of these particular problems. We observed response time differences between conditions in solving these problems that were consistent with our predictions. The findings emphasize the role of consistency of multiplication problems, similar to consistency effects observed in psycholinguistics (e.g., Seidenberg & McClelland, 1989).
Inversion of multi-frequency experimental data using an adaptive multiscale approach

In this contribution, an adaptive multiscale approach for the reconstruction of objects from multi-frequency microwave laboratory-controlled data is proposed. The considered coarse-to-fine iterative strategy based on spline pyramids enables us to reduce the number of elements to be estimated and, consequently, the number of degrees of freedom in the unknown profile. The robustness of the inversion is increased as well as the quality reconstruction. The procedure consists of sequences of non-linear inversions separated by refinement steps, which overall produces an accurate, low-order representation of the sought object. The main goal of this paper is to test a newly designed adaptive multiscale algorithm against the new experimental data (obtained from inhomogeneous targets) from Institut Fresnel (Marseille, France).
How does the ground reaction force affect the 6 second sprint performance

The purpose of this study was to determine kinetics and kinematics of various 6 second sprinting load with %0GRF, %10GRF and %15GRF. Different loads of GRF have been analysed for seeing effect of the increasing ground reaction force. 8 female sportswomen (age=24.7±6.2year; body weight=61.27±8.79kg; height=172.4±11.37m) of Anadolu University Youth and Sport Club that competes in the second division of Turkey Women’s Basketball participated in this study. 6s. sprint kinematical analysis of the participants was made with two fast filming cameras (A602f, Basler, Germany) that are able to record up to 500 Hz and a software program (SIMI 7.3, Germany) that is able to record the scenes simultaneously into computer in 60 Hz. The sprints that is with %0, %10 and %15 loads were applied on non-motorised treadmills during 6s. , it was recorded with avi. format and the scenes which are in equal length and simultaneous were analysed. The difference among three different measurements (0%, 10%, 15% ground reaction force) that belongs to one group was tested with One Way Anova after homogeneity of variances and significance level was taken as p 0.05). In the 6second sprint tests which was done with 0%, 10%, 15% GRF of knee and elbow joints, statistically significant relation was not able to be found among angle, angular velocity, vertical velocity, horizontal velocity and resultant velocity (p>0.05). Based on Bonferroni correction post test results there were statistically significant differences have been found between ground reaction forces (GRF0 - GRF10; p 0.05). During the 6second sprints that were done with 0%, 10%, 15% of the participants’ body weights, it has been seen that vertical ground reaction force did not increase. This also shows that the participants could apply more force to the ground to accelerate and accordingly they carried out the sprint performance in a longer time. Not to be found a significant relationship among angle, angular velocity, horizontal velocity, vertical velocity and resultant velocity arises from reacting to ground reaction force in the same way with the sprint that is done with body weight. The participants could not increase their velocity in the face of increasing ground reaction force and therefore realized the 6second sprint performance in a longer time. Consequently, it has been deduced that they could not adapt acutely to ground reaction force and change their sprint styles to accelerate. To overcome the braking components of ground reaction force, supramaximal and plyometric types of trainings can be suggested.
Accretion in stellar clusters and the initial mass function

We present a simple physical mechanism that can account for the observed stellar mass spectrum for masses M∗≳0.5 M⊙. The model depends solely on the competitive accretion that occurs in stellar clusters where each star's accretion rate depends on the local gas density and the square of the accretion radius. In a stellar cluster, there are two different regimes depending on whether the gas or the stars dominate the gravitational potential. When the cluster is dominated by cold gas, the accretion radius is given by a tidal-lobe radius. This occurs as the cluster collapses towards a ρ ∝ R−2 distribution. Accretion in this regime results in a mass spectrum with an asymptotic limit of γ=−3/2 (where Salpeter is γ=−2.35). Once the stars dominate the potential and are virialized, which occurs first in the cluster core, the accretion radius is the Bondi–Hoyle radius. The resultant mass spectrum has an asymptotic limit of γ=−2 with slightly steeper slopes (γ≈−2.5) if the stars are already mass-segregated. Simulations of accretion on to clusters containing 1000 stars show that, as expected, the low-mass stars accumulate the majority of their masses during the gas-dominated phase whereas the high-mass stars accumulate the majority of their masses during the stellar-dominated phase. This results in a mass spectrum with a relatively shallow γ≈3/2 power law for low-mass stars and a steeper power law for high-mass stars −2.5≲γ≤−2. This competitive accretion model also results in a mass-segregated cluster.
PENGARUH HARGA, BRAND AMBASSADOR, BRAND IMAGE, DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN PADA PRODUK SCARLETT WHITENING INDONESIA DI TOKOPEDIA

The business world continues to experience very significant developments in the current era. This trend continues to move from one generation to another following the times. In this modern era, beauty manufacturers pamper their consumers by offering a variety of beauty products and all their advantages. This study aims to analyze and examine the role of price, brand ambassador, brand image, and product quality on purchasing decisions on Indonesian Scarlett Whitening products at Tokopedia. The type of data in this study used quantitative data in the form of an online questionnaire. The sample population used in this study was 110 respondents with a non-probability sampling technique. Data collection techniques include primary data and secondary data. The data collection technique used a Likert scale. The analytical tool in this study uses multiple linear regression analysis which is supported by instrument testing, classical assumption test, and hypothesis testing. The results of this study prove that price has a significant effect on purchasing decisions with a significance level of 0.001 which is smaller than 0.05 with a coefficient of 3.307. Brand Ambassador has a significant effect on purchasing decisions with a significance level of 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05 with a coefficient of 7.040. Brand Image has a significant effect on purchasing decisions with a significance level of 0.000 less than 0.05 with a coefficient of 4.005 and product quality has a significant effect on purchasing decisions with a significance level of 0.028 which is smaller than 0.05 with a coefficient of 3.297.