Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bulleyaconitine A Inhibits Visceral Nociception and Spinal Synaptic Plasticity through Stimulation of Microglial Release of Dynorphin A

Background Visceral pain is one of the most common types of pain and particularly in the abdomen is associated with gastrointestinal diseases. Bulleyaconitine A (BAA), isolated from Aconitum bulleyanum, is prescribed in China to treat chronic pain. The present study is aimed at evaluating the mechanisms underlying BAA visceral antinociception. Methods The rat model of chronic visceral hypersensitivity was set up by colonic perfusion of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) on postnatal day 10 with coapplication of heterotypic intermittent chronic stress (HeICS). Results The rat model of chronic visceral hypersensitivity exhibited remarkable abdominal withdrawal responses and mechanical hyperalgesia in hind paws, which were dose-dependently attenuated by single subcutaneous of administration of BAA (30 and 90 μg/kg). Pretreatment with the microglial inhibitor minocycline, dynorphin A antiserum, and κ-opioid receptor antagonist totally blocked BAA-induced visceral antinociception and mechanical antihyperalgesia. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in spinal dorsal horn lamina II neurons were recorded by using whole-cell patch clamp. Its frequency (but not amplitude) from TNBS-treated rats was remarkably higher than that from naïve rats. BAA (1 μM) significantly reduced the frequency of sEPSCs from TNBS-treated rats but not naïve rats. BAA-inhibited spinal synaptic plasticity was blocked by minocycline, the dynorphin A antiserum, and κ-opioid receptor antagonist. Dynorphin A also inhibited spinal synaptic plasticity in a κ-opioid receptor-dependent manner. Conclusions These results suggest that BAA produces visceral antinociception by stimulating spinal microglial release of dynorphin A, which activates presynaptic κ-opioid receptors in afferent neurons and inhibits spinal synaptic plasticity, highlighting a novel interaction mode between microglia and neurons.
Phylogenetic study on CTO primer-amplified ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and β-Proteobacteria associated with rice roots grown in a flooded paddy soil

Abstract Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria associated with rice roots that developed from different nodes at different growth stages were studied by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing analysis. Root samples used in this study were collected three times on July 2 (tillering stage), on July 21 (maximum tillering stage), and on September 12 (ripening stage). The fact that many DGGE bands of bacterial 16S rDNA amplified by the CTO primer set that was originally designed for ammonia-oxidizing β-Proteobacteria, were observed in every nodal root on July 2 and July 21 and in nodal roots with small number on September 12 indicated the presence of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria under reduced soil conditions. All the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria associated with rice roots belonged to Nitrosospira spp. In addition, many 16S rDNA of β-Proteobacteria were also amplified by the CTO primer set, and they belonged to the Rhodocyclus and Methylophilus groups. The growth stage of rice plant was the primary factor affecting CTO-amplified bacterial communities. Root age was also estimated to be an important factor influencing the communities throughout the growth stages of rice plants.
Copper- and streptomycin-resistant strains and host differentiated races of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria in North Carolina.

Copper- and streptomycin-resistant strains of xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria were detected in diseased pepper and tomato plants. In surveys of 32 noncontiguous fields during four growing seasons, 63% of 70 strains were copper resistant and 30% were resistant to at least 100 μg/ml of streptomycin. All streptomycin-resistant strains were copper resistant. Strains of pepper races 1, 2, and 3, as well as strains from the tomato group, were detected (.)
Effect of taurine on lipid metabolism of broilers

To evaluate the effect of taurine supplements on broiler lipid metabolism, two hundred and forty 1-day-old Avian broilers were randomly divided into five groups, each group with three replicates for 21 days. The groups were fed basal diets with 0 (control group), 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% taurine, respectively. The results showed that dietary taurine of 0.15% increased apparent metabolisable energy and crude fat digestibility (P<0.05), enhanced the activity of lipase in pancreas and small intestine (P<0.05); compared to the control group, 0.15% taurine significantly decreased the content of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), glucose (GLU) and liver TG, FFA (P<0.05), increased the content of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P<0.05). A total of 0.20% taurine remarkably decreased the content of serum TC, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), GLU and liver LDL-C, FFA (P<0.05), increased the content of serum HDL-C, serum lipoprotein lipase and liver hepatic lipase activity (P < 0.05). Considering the physiological and biochemical indexes above, adding 0.15% taurine was optimal.
Symbiosis of Plants and Microbes

An overview: the meaning of plant and microbe symbioses and the endosymbiont theory of evolution of chloroplasts and mitochondria. Specific associations between micro-organisms and plants. The Rhizobium/Bradyrhizobium-Fabales symbiosis. The Bradyrhizobium sp. -Parasponia symbiosis. Actinorhiza. Other bacterial symbioses. Cyanobacterial symbioses. Phycosymbioses. Lichens and Geosiphon. Vesticular-Arbuscular mycorrhiza. Ectomycorrhiza, ericoid- and orchidmycorrhizae. Index.
Resource partitioning among juvenile snappers in a semi-arid estuary in north-eastern Brazil

Abstract Resource partitioning is important for species coexistence. Species with similar ecomorphological characters have a high potential for competition, especially when close phylogenetically. The diet and resource partitioning of four snappers (Lutjanus alexandrei, L. analis, L. jocu and L. synagris) was studied in the Tubarão River, north-eastern Brazil, between March and November 2012. Specimens were caught using a beach seine, and a total of 731 stomachs were analysed. The highest abundance of snappers was found near to vegetated habitats in the middle estuary. Crustaceans were dominant in the diet of all four species, being found in over 90% of the stomachs, followed by fish and molluscs. The species did not appear to compete for common resources, probably because there was not always spatial overlap, and differences in the proportions of consumption of items were observed. Ontogenetic comparisons of dietary compositions suggested differences among species, with changes in the diet related to changes in the mouth area as the body size increased. The changes were more evident in L. analis and L. synagris where microcrustaceans (Calanoida, Cyclopoida and Amphipoda) were dominant in the diet of the smaller size classes, and benthic crustaceans (Brachyura) and fish in the diet of larger individuals. The intra- and inter-specific differences in the dietary compositions, differences in the mouth area and feeding strategy contribute to allow the co-existence of these snappers in the study area.
THE MATING BEHAVIOR OF LIZARDS; ITS BEARING ON THE THEORY OF SEXUAL SELECTION

Successful and unsuccessful matings Effect of temperature on courtships. The sexes not distinguished by the courting male. Range of variation in the courtship of Ameiua cfirysolaenia. A successful mating of n male of A . chrysolaema with n femde of that species. An unsuccessful mating of a male of A . chrysolaema with another 27
A spectroscopic analysis of the eclipsing nova-like EC 21178−5417 – discovery of spiral density structures

We present phase-resolved optical spectroscopy of the eclipsing nova-like cataclysmic variable EC21178-5417 obtained between 2002 and 2013. The average spectrum of EC21178-5417 shows broad double-peaked emission lines from HeII 4686 A (strongest feature) and the Balmer series. The high-excitation feature, CIII/NIII at 4640-4650 A, is also present and appears broad in emission. A number of other lines, mostly HeI, are clearly present in absorption and/or emission. The average spectrum of EC21178-5417 taken at different months and years shows variability in spectral features, especially in the Balmer lines beyond H$\gamma$, from pure line emission, mixed line absorption and emission to pure absorption lines. Doppler maps of the HeII 4686 A emission reveal the presence of a highly-inclined asymmetric accretion disc and a two spiral arm-like structure, whereas that of the Balmer lines (H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$) reveal a more circular accretion disc. There is no evidence of a bright spot in the Doppler maps of EC21178-5417 and no emission from the secondary star is seen in the tomograms of the HeII 4686 A and Balmer lines. Generally, the emission in EC21178-5417 is dominated by emission from the accretion disc. We conclude that EC21178-5417 is a member of the RW Tri or UX UMa sub-type of nova-like variables based on these results and because it shows different spectral characteristics at different dates. This spectral behaviour suggests that EC21178-5417 undergoes distinct variations in mass transfer rate on the observed time scales of months and years.
‘I’m probably just gonna skim’: an assessment of undergraduate students’ primary scientific literature reading approaches

ABSTRACT We investigated undergraduate students’ approaches to reading primary scientific literature (PSL). Self-report surveys and think-aloud reading interviews were used to uncover students’ approaches to PSL with respect to evidence finding, prioritisation of paper sections, and reading skill in relation to task context. Self-report and observational interview data were also analysed to investigate the relationship between students’ self-reported and actual reading approaches. Our findings indicate that undergraduate students exhibit a spectrum of approaches to evidence finding, that many use pre-interpreted text to make meaning of PSL, and that student reading approaches are enhanced by task context. Data also indicate a misalignment between students’ self-reported and actual reading approaches, with students generally over-confident in their abilities. We interpret these findings using deep vs. surface learning criteria and the Structure Building Model (SBM) of reading comprehension. Our exploratory research extends the small body of literature on student PSL reading and indicates that more in-depth work needs to be done to support the development of educational interventions aimed at enhancing student reading approaches.
Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Risk Factors in Patıents with Type 2 Dıabetes in Turkey

The study was conducted to unveil the relation between the risk of sleep apnea and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in adult patients. The sample consisted of 228 patients with type 2 diabetes. It was found out that the patients had diabetes for 10.93±7.30 years on average, 47.4% received insulin treatment and 89.5% had no history of sleep apnea in their family. Results revealed that 58.8% of the patients had a high risk for sleep apnea, those belonging to the male gender increased the obstructive sleep apnea risk by 4-fold compared to the female gender, and a unit increase in the body mass index increased the obstructive sleep apnea risk by 1.1-fold. It was also found that having hypertension increased the risk of obstructive sleep apnea by 5-fold and the patients who experienced excessive daytime sleepiness had 11.2 times higher risk of obstructive sleep apnea.
Effects of Season, Climate, and Temperature on Reproduction and Lactation

tween the conception rate and changes in body weight, yield and SNF content of milk in dairy cows. Vet. Rec. 83:492. (19) Lotthammer, K. H. , and D. Ahlers. 1970. Interval from calving to first insemination and nutritive provision of dairy cows with high n~ilk yield. Dtseh. tieriirztl. Wschr. 77:49. (20) MacMillan, K. L. , and ]. D. Watson. 1971. Short estrous cycles in New Zealand cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 54:1526. (21) McClure, T. J. 1965. Experimental evidence for the occurrence of nutritional infertility in otherwise clinically healthy pasture-fed lactating dairy cows. Res. Vet. Sci. 6:202. (22) McClure, T. J. 1968. Malnutrition and infertility of cattle in Australia and New Zealand. Australian Vet. J. 44:134. (23) Morrow, D. A. , S. J. Roberts, K. McEntee. and H. G. Gray. 1966. l~ostpartum ovarian activity and uterine involution in dairy cattle. JAVMA 149:1596. (24) Morrow, D. A. , H. F. Tyrrell, and G. W. Trumberger. 1969. Effects of liberal concentrate feeding on reproduction in dairy cattle. JAVMA 155:1946. (25) National Research Council. 1966. Nutrient requirements of domestic animals, No. 3, nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. National Research Council, Washington, D. C. (26) Oxenreider, S. L. , and W. C. Wagner. 1971. Effect of lactation and energy intake on postpartum ovarian activity in the cow. J. Anim. Sci. 33:5. (27) Peichev, P. 1971. Studies on the reproductive function in cows affected with ketosis. I. Fertility and conception rate. Vet. Sci. (Sofia) 8:81. (28) Schein, M. W. , and M. H. Fohrman. 1955. Social dominance relationships in a herd of dairy cattle. Brit. J. Anita. Behav. 3:45. (29) Simpson, B. H. 1972. The relationship between production and infertility in dairy cows. New Zealand Vet. J. 20:7. (30) wagner, W. C. , and K. McEntee. 1960. Herd approach to infertility problems in cattle. Cornell Vet. 2:197. (31) Wagner, W. C. , R. E. Strohbehn, and P. A. Harris. 1972. ACTH, eorticoids and luteal iunetion in heifers. J. Anita. Sci. 35:789. (32) Whittlestone, W. G. , R. Kilgour, H. DeLangen, and G. Duirs. 1970. Behavorial stress and the cell count of bovine milk. J. Milk Food Tech. 33:217. (33) Willett, L. B. , and R. E. Erb. 1972. Short term changes in plasma corticoids in dairy cattle. J. Anim. Sei. 34:103. (34) Williamson, N. B. , R. S. Morris, D. C. Blood, and C. M. Cannon. 1972. A study of oestrns behaviour and oestrus detection methods in a large commercial dairy herd. I. The relative efficiency of methods of oestrns detection. Vet. Rec. 91:50. (35) Williamson, N. B. , R. S. Morris, D. C. Blood, C. M. Cannon, and P. J. Wright. 1972. A study of oestrns behaviour and oestrus detection methods in a large commercial dairy herd. II. Oestrns signs and behaviour patterns. Vet. Rec. 91:58.
Gendered Governmentalities and Neoliberal Logics: Latina, Immigrant Women in Healthcare and Social Services

This ethnographic research with Latina, immigrant mothers and health care and social service workers in Williamsburg, Virginia analyzes the production of insecurities in immigrant women’s lives, as they fulfill their gendered role as caretakers of the family. I argue that the process through which immigrant women come to associate accessing public benefits and health care services with danger is reflective of neoliberal governmentality, which cultivates mothers as self-reliant subjects charged with ensuring their families’ survival. I forward the concept “insecuritization,” an interactive process through which institutional actors communicate a threat of harm to immigrant women by triggering anxieties linked to gendered norms and expectations regarding motherhood. Insecuritization steered immigrant mothers away from local institutions towards individualized strategies for solving their problems. Immigrant women responded to insecuritization by developing their own informal networks to assist them in accessing resources and care, a process that aligned with neoliberal projects of social disinvestment but also involved forging new social connections that could hold the potential for challenging neoliberal logics. This research elucidates gendered dimensions of governmentality and suggests new thinking about dialectics of women’s creative agency and disciplinary power in a neoliberal order.
PREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMOSIS IN CHILDREN IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

We conducted a survey of the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in children living in Jaboatao dos Guararapes, Pernambuco, Brazil from 1998 to 1999. This city is situated adjacent to Recife, capital of the state of Pernambuco. We determined the prevalence of specific anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies in 196 individuals from 2 to 16 years of age. Individuals who were IgG antibody negative also underwent specific anti-T. gondii IgM testing to detect recent infection with the parasite. Seroprevalence was 79.1%, and high titers of IgG antibody were observed in 49% of positive subjects. The prevalens of antibodies to T. gondii increased with age, with a multiple correlation coefficient (R) of 0.709; however, there was no significant difference in antibody status by sex. Out of 47 children who did not have specific anti-T. gondii IgG antibody, 4 were determined by specific anti-T. gondii IgM antibody analysis to have been recently infected. Stool was examined for soil-transmitted helminth eggs to assess the frequency of soil contact in the entire study population. Stool examination in the population revealed that soil-transmitted helminthiases was highly endemic, with an infection rate of 85.2%in this area. These results suggest that the primary mode of T. gondii transmission to humans is through contact with soil.
Team Monitoring, Does it Matter for Team Performance? Moderating role of Team Monitoring on Team Psychological Safety and Team Learning

Introduction: The use of work teams is a strategy that allows organizations to move faster and more proactively. Team performance is an interesting issue that needs to be studied more extensively. Background Problems: Team psychological safety and team learning have a positive effect on team performance. But in some of the literature, psychological safety has also been shown to have a negative impact on teams when team monitoring is low. This research was conducted to investigate the moderation role of team monitoring and the influence of team learning and team psychological safety on team performance. Novelty: This research contributes new insights related with team monitoring and its interaction to team learning and team psychological safety on team performance. Team psychological safety has been proven to be able to directly influence team performance indirectly through team learning, but we tested the two separately. Research Methods: This study involved 215 respondents who joined 38 teams. The collected data were analyzed using a regression analysis and bootstrap techniques. Findings: Team monitoring has been shown to have a moderate role in influencing team learning on team performance, but it has not been proven to influence team psychological safety on team performance. The learning and psychological safety of each team proved to have a direct effect on team performance. Conclusion: This paper can guide managers since, at a certain level team monitoring can improve team performance, but too much team monitoring actually has no effect on team performance. Managers need to consider team monitoring policies carefully, to optimizing team performance by managing team learning and building team psychological safety.
How Quantification Persuades When It Persuades

Although Harry Woolf’s great collective volume Quantification (1961) mostly overlooked biology, Thomas Kuhn’s chapter there on the role of quantitative measurement within the physical sciences maps quite well onto the forms of reasoning that actually persuade us as biologists 50 years later. Kuhn distinguished between two contexts, that of producing quantitative anomalies (instead of “reasonable agreement” between data and theory) and that of resolving them. The implied form of reasoning is actually C. S. Peirce’s abduction or inference to the best explanation: “The surprising fact C is observed; but if A were true, C would be a matter of course; hence there is reason to suspect that A is true. ” This article reviews abduction and the Kuhnian dichotomy in a range of classic examples where quantitative reasoning has ended arguments in the natural sciences. Included are John Snow’s discovery of the cause of cholera, Jean Perrin’s proof that atoms exist, the discovery of the double helix, the Alvarezes’ explanation of the extraterrestrial origin of the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction, and current examples in passive smoking, ulcers, and the anthropogenicity of global warming. Modern biology is a quantitative science to the extent that we operate by “strong inference,” the insistence that our data are surprising on everybody else’s hypotheses but follow as a matter of course from our own, and that we demand numerical consilience whenever we infer across levels of analysis or across disciplines.
Hypoxia Tolerance in Twelve Species of East African Cichlids: Potential for Low Oxygen Refugia in Lake Victoria.

The species flock of haplochromine cichlid fishes in Lake Victoria is one of the most extensive and recent radiations of vertebrates known. Over the past 15 years, however, many of the haplochromine cichlid species have vanished, and predation by the introduced Nile perch (Lates niloticus) is thought to be one of the most significant factors underlying this mass extinction. Information on the hypoxia tolerance of haplochromines from the Lake Victoria is valuable for predicting their response to the increasing anoxia within the lake and in evaluating their potential use of low oxygen regions as refugia from predation by introduced Nile perch. This study examines the response of nine cichlid species from Lake Victoria (eight indigenous, one introduced) and three cichlid species from Lake Tanganyika to different low-oxygen regimes under laboratory conditions. Fish were exposed to progressive and acute hypoxia, with and without access to the surface. All species used aquatic surface respiration at very low Po2 . Buccal bubble holding and active swimming at the surface during aquatic surface respiration were used by many species and may serve to increase its efficiency. Lacustrine cichlids endemic to Lake Victoria were more tolerant of hypoxia than ecologically similar species from Lake Tanganyika. The two species examined that are widespread in variety of aquatic habitats exhibited a relatively high tolerance to hypoxia, with well-developed aquatic surface respiration and bubble-holding capabilities and no loss of equilibrium during progressive hypoxia. Species strongly affected by recent changes in Lake Victoria were not consistently poorer in their hypoxia tolerance than less-affected species. But, two of the less-affected species are inhabitants of shallow, rocky habitats, an environment that may be both rich in oxygen and well defended against the Nile perch because of the structural complexity of the rocky, littoral area. The generally high levels of hypoxia tolerance in the cichlid species examined from Lake Victoria suggest that these species potentially could use low-oxygen refugia to escape Nile perch predation. Some species that are thought to have disappeared may currently inhabit low-oxygen refugia that have not been adequately sampled. Tolerancia a la hipoxia en cíclidos del Africa oriental: Refugios con bajo contenido de oxígeno en el lago Victoria.