Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review on microwave baking of foods

Summary Microwaves interact with polar molecules and charged particles of food to generate heat. There are differences between the heating mechanisms of microwave and conventional heating. The use of microwave heating has the advantage of saving energy and time, improving both nutritional quality and acceptability of some foods by consumers. Microwave ovens are successfully used both in homes and in the food service industry. However, there are still problems in perfecting microwave baking, therefore it is a popular research area. The main problems found to occur in microwave-baked food products are low volume, tough or firm texture, lack of browning and flavour development. Recent studies aim to improve the quality of microwave-baked products. This article reviews the basic principles of microwave baking, problems commonly occurring in microwave-baked products and finally studies published concerning microwave-baked products.
Analysis of Students Mental Health after Terror Cases in Indonesia

Mental health is one important part to maintain in the learning process. The aim of this study was to analyze studentsmental health after the terror cases in Indonesian. This study applied a qualitative approach in the type of case study research. The informants interviewed in this study were teachers and educational figures, while the respondents of the questionnaire in this study were high school students. Those informants were people who live in areas of terrorism victims in Indonesia. The determination of informants and respondents in this study was based on purposive random sampling technique. The research data were collected by interview and questionnaire techniques. The data analysis technique used was data triangulation. The results showed that students mental health living in the victims of terrorism had decreased and it had an impact on disruption of the education system in the area. This can be seen from several indicators, namely emotional, health, behavioral, and psychological instability of students. This result clearly showed that students mental health had a serious impact in determining the sustainability of the education system.
Factors Differentiating Rural and Urban Population in Determining Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Chronic Cardiovascular Disease: A Pilot Study

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyze selected variables differentiating rural from urban populations, as well as identify potentially increased levels of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic cardiovascular disease. The study was carried out in 193 patients. The study used the Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Appraisal Schedule (CANSAS), the Health Behavior Inventory Questionnaire (HBI), the WHOQOL-BREF Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Modified Version (HADS-M). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test and logistic regression were used for analyses. In rural patients, we observed a relationship between anxiety and age (1/OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.91–0.99), the assessment of satisfied needs (1/OR = 293.86; 95% CI: 0.00001–0.56), and quality of life (QoL) in physical (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.11–2.33), social (1/OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 0.04–0.94), and environmental domains (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.06–3.00), as well as between depression and QoL in physical (1/OR = 1.39; 95% CI: 0.50–0.97) and psychological (OR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.01–1.93) domains. In city patients, we observed a relationship between the drug and Qol in the physical (1/OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.62–0.98) and psychological (OR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.13) domains. Younger patients living in a rural area with a lower assessment of met needs, a higher level of QoL in physical and environmental domains, and a lower social domain, as well as patients living in a city with a lower QoL in the physical domain and a higher psychological domain, have a greater chance of developing anxiety and depressive disorders.
Modeling of Ozonation for Dissolved Ozone Dosing

Experimental research was carried out for calibration and validation of a model describing ozone decay and ozone exposure (CT), decrease in UV absorbance at 254 nm (UVA254), increase in assimilable organic carbon concentration and bromate formation. The model proved to be able to predict these parameters on the basis of the applied ozone dosage. The experimental ozone dosages ranged from 0.4 mg-O3/L to 0.9 mg-O3/L for natural water with a dissolved organic carbon concentration of 2.4 mg-C/L. The UVA254 was found to be an effective parameter for estimation of rapid ozone decay for natural water under experimental conditions tested. The experimental setup consisted of a bench-scale plug flow reactor (approximately 100 L/h) with dissolved ozone dosing.
Adsorption of Halogenated Hydrocarbons from Gaseous Streams by Amberlite XAD-4 Resin and Activated Carbon: Equilibria

Single-solute adsorption equilibria have been measured for the adsorption of the gaseous solutes chloroform, chlorobenzene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane onto Amberlite XAD-4 resin. For 1,1,1-trichloroethane the adsorption equilibrium has also been measured with activated carbon Norit ROW 0.8 SUPRA as a sorbent. Temperature was varied between 20 and 120 °C, whereas nitrogen was used as a dilutant. All obtained experimental data could be fitted satisfactorily with two different temperature dependent Freundlich equations, one derived by Halsey (1952) and another derived in this work. Adsorption of the halogenated hydrocarbons onto Amberlite XAD-4 as well as Norit ROW 0.8 SUPRA proved to be completely reversible. The adsorption capacity of Amberlite XAD-4 was found to decrease exponentially with increasing temperature, whereas the capacity of Norit ROW 0.8 SUPRA decreased in a linear way and at a much lower rate, reflecting the bad regeneration characteristics of activated carbon sorbents.The obtained data for the adsorption of gaseous chloroform and 1,1,1-trichloroethane onto Amberlite XAD-4 resin agreed surprisingly well with data that were earlier obtained with these same hydrocarbons being adsorbed from water, in which they were dissolved, by nonwetted Amberlite XAD-4 particles. When plotted against the partial pressure of the solutes, equal adsorption capacities were found, indicating that, at least at 20 °C, the presence of water vapor inside the pores of the nonwetted resin particles does not affect the adsorption capacity of these particles with respect to the halogenated hydrocarbons in concern.
Mediating Role of Motivation on the Effects of Teacher-Student Relationships on Foreign Language Achievement

espanolThe present study investigated whether students’ motivational beliefs act as a mediator in the association between teacher-student relationships (TSRs) and foreign language performance with a multiple mediation model. Furthermore, this research examined whether mediating roles of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation differ. A total of 1171 eighth graders (583 male, 588 female) were chosen with purposive sampling in China. Studentreported measures of TSRs, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) test based on national curriculum were administrated in October 2017. Results showed that the positive link between TSRs and foreign language performance is partially mediated by intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and the mediation effect of intrinsic motivation is significantly greater than that of extrinsic motivation, controlling for gender and socio-economic status. The results indicated that supportive TSRs can help learners to improve their foreign language proficiency by promoting their motivation, especially intrinsic motivation. The present results may have substantive theoretical and practical implications for teacher education and foreign language learning. EnglishEl presente estudio investigo si las creencias motivacionales de los estudiantes actuan como mediadores en la asociacion entre las relaciones profesor-alumno (TSR) y el rendimiento de un idioma extranjero con un modelo de mediacion multiple. Ademas, esta investigacion examino si los roles mediadores de la motivacion intrinseca y extrinseca difieren. Se eligieron 1171 alumnos de octavo grado (583 hombres, 588 mujeres) con muestreo intencional en China. En octubre de 2017, se aplicaron a los estudiantes las pruebas de TSR, la motivacion intrinseca y extrinseca y la prueba de ingles como idioma extranjero (EFL) basadas en el plan de estudios nacional. Los resultados mostraron que el vinculo positivo entre TSR y el desempeno de un idioma extranjero esta parcialmente mediado por la motivacion intrinseca y extrinseca, y el efecto de mediacion de la motivacion intrinseca es significativamente mayor que el de la motivacion extrinseca, controlando el genero y el estatus socioeconomico. Los resultados indicaron que los TSR de apoyo pueden ayudar a los alumnos a mejorar su dominio del idioma extranjero ya que promueven su motivacion, especialmente la motivacion intrinseca. Los resultados actuales pueden tener importantes implicaciones teoricas y practicas para la formacion del profesorado y el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras
A simple method for analyzing peak broadening due to tilt and twist distributions in X-ray diffraction measurements of materials of arbitrary type

A method for simply identifying the X-ray diffraction peak broadening caused by tilt and twist distributions through analysis of their hkl dependence is proposed. The development of a new general formulation for the hkl-dependence analysis is presented. This makes the hkl-dependence analysis generally applicable to any material with any type of crystal structure. It also makes it possible to analyze the hkl dependence of broadening in terms of whole profile shapes, which improves the reliability of the analysis. Another advantage of the formulation is that the analysis procedures for broadening due to both tilt and twist distributions can be derived in a straightforward manner from the same general version. Owing to these advantages, the method is applicable to GaN-based epitaxial films. The method for twist distributions is experimentally demonstrated using GaN epitaxial films on sapphire substrates.
Use of cationic starch derivatives for the removal of anionic dyes from textile effluents

Six types of cationic starch derivatives were prepared. These types were (1) cationic starch derivatives containing primary, secondary, and tertiary amino groups and quaternary ammonium salt and (2) etherified and grafted cationic starch derivatives. These cationic starch derivatives were treated with three types of dyes, an acid dye, a hydrolyzed reactive dye, and a direct dye. Different factors affecting the dye sorption value (mmol/100 g of sample) were been studied. These factors were the pH of the medium, treatment time, amine type, amine content, dye type and molecular size, and the distance between the amine groups. The dye sorption value and the sorption efficiency percentage were determined. The dye sorption value increased with increasing amine content to a maximum value and then decreased. This phenomenon occurred with all of the amine types. The maximum dye sorption values on with the acid dye depended on the amine type. These values were 73.8 (at an amine content of 155), 90 (at an amine content of 150), 84.9 (at an amine content of 133), and 72.5 (at an amine content of 75) for primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and the quaternary ammonium salt, respectively. The sorption efficiency percentage at these maximum values were 47.6, 60, 63.8, and 96.3%, respectively. The maximum sorption values were acid dye > hydrolyzed reactive dye > direct dye. The dye sorption value and the sorption efficiency percentage of the etherified cationic starch derivatives had higher values than that of the grafted cationic starch derivatives. The prepared cationic starch derivatives that had amine contents of 155, 150, 133, and 75 m atom/100 g of sample for primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and the quaternary ammonium salt, respectively, had the best ability to adsorb anionic dyes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 227–234, 2004
Online Fake News about Food: Self-Evaluation, Social Influence, and the Stages of Change Moderation

In the Italian context, the diffusion of online fake news about food is becoming increasingly fast-paced and widespread, making it more difficult for the public to recognize reliable information. Moreover, this phenomenon is deteriorating the relation with public institutions and industries. The purpose of this article is to provide a more advanced understanding of the individual psychological factors and the social influence that contributes to the belief in food-related online fake news and the aspects that can increase or mitigate this risk. Data were collected with a self-report questionnaire between February and March 2019. We obtained 1004 valid questionnaires filled out by a representative sample of Italian population, extracted by stratified sampling. We used structural equation modelling and the multi-group analyses to test our hypothesis. The results show that self-evaluation negatively affects the social-influence, which in turn positively affects the belief in online fake news. Moreover, this latter relationship is moderated by the readiness to change. Our results suggest that individual psychological characteristics and social influence are important in explaining the belief in online fake news in the food sector; however, a pivotal role is played by the motivation of lifestyle change. This should be considered to engage people in clear and effective communication.
A Relationship between NTP and Cell Extract Concentration for Cell-Free Protein Expression

The cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) that synthesizes mRNA and protein from a template DNA has been featured as an important tool to emulate living systems in vitro. However, an obstacle to emulate living cells by CFPS is the loss of activity in the case of usage of high concentration cell extracts. In this study, we found that a high concentration of NTP which inhibits in the case of lower concentration cell extract restored the loss of CFPS activity using high concentration cell extracts. The NTP restoration was independent of the energy regeneration system used, and NTP derivatives also restored the levels of CFPS using a high concentration cell extract. Experiments using dialysis mode of CFPS showed that continuous exchange of small molecule reduced levels of NTP requirement and improved reaction speed of CFPS using the high concentration of cell extract. These findings contribute to the development of a method to understand the condition of living cells by in vitro emulation, and are expected to lead to the achievement of the reconstitution of living cells from biomolecule mixtures.
Development of Student Worksheets Based on Problem Based Learning Model to Enhace the Ability of Student Critical

The purpose of this research is to develop a student worksheet (LKPD) based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) that is feasible and valid and effective. This type of research is development research with a 4-D model. The subjects in this study were VII grade students of SMP Negeri 41 Batam. While the object in this research is the Student Worksheet based on Problem Based Learning. The data collection instruments used consisted of a validation team questionnaire and a practitioner questionnaire to test the feasibility of the LKPD. The data analysis used was descriptive analysis. The results showed that: (1) the validation of material and language experts stated that the LKPD developed was suitable for use in the field with revisions and was valid; and (2) based on field trials, LKPD can be declared effective. This is based on the achievement of the learning objectives achieved, positive student responses, and the percentage of effective learning time. The level of effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning LKPD in improving students' critical thinking skills based on the gain score is moderate.
Modeling of the impact of migration attractiveness on the labor migration dynamics

The analysis of migration processes shows the need to simulate the dynamics of migration flows, to describe the trends in the redistribution of labor in the current period and to forecast for the short term. To estimate and predict labor migration flows in terms of different levels of the labor markets development we elaborated a dynamic multi-factor migration model. The model takes into account the assumptions of the positional games theory, which allows predicting the behavior of a potential migrant, depending on an amount of socio-economic factors. We emphasize, that labor migration is one of the major factors in the development of the labor markets and in the redistribution of qualified workforce between them. To ensure sustainable development and economic growth of socio-economic systems the inflow of migrants into a region should correspond to the labor resources demand of the labor market. According to the model idea, potential migrants have full information about the difference in living and working conditions both in the countries of origin and attraction of migrants, which allows describing the decision-making process in the model. To improve the predictive accuracy of the model, we developed a method of assessing the migration attractiveness of the region, based on the principle of differentiation of regional economic systems by the level of socio-economic benefits. We obtain the synthetic parameter of the model, describing the migration attractiveness of the region, by combining socio-economic indicators in a relative form, reflecting the degree of development of the social system and the labor market in the region.
Spherical Resorcinol‐Formaldehyde Performance Testing with Hanford Tank Waste

The efficacy of a new spherically engineered form of resorcinol‐formaldehyde (RF) resin was tested for cesium removal on two actual Hanford tank wastes. Small‐scale processing was conducted according to the River Protection Project‐Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant flowsheet in a lead‐lag column format. The RF resin processed 95 bed volumes (BVs) of high potassium‐bearing waste (AP‐101) and >200 BVs of a high complexant‐bearing waste (AN‐102) before reaching 50% cesium breakthrough. Elution with 0.5 M nitric acid was effective and complete after processing 16 BVs. Cesium and other analyte fractionations to the process stream effluent and eluate were evaluated. The RF resin resulted in very little metal and radionuclide fractionation, other than cesium, to the eluate. The spent resins were measured for most analytes relevant to land‐disposal requirements. The actinide concentrations on the spent resins were <3% of the transuranic waste limit; the residual cesium concentrations were <4 mCi/kg; chromium was the only metal, regulated by the Resource Conservation Recovery Act, that was measured in quantities significant to land‐disposal regulations.
Impact of Rapeseed Press Cake on the Rheological Properties and Expansion Dynamics of Extruded Maize Starch

Rapeseed press cake (RPC), an oil pressing side product rich in protein and fiber, can be combined with starch and valorized into directly expanded products using extrusion technology. The mechanism of starch expansion has been studied in detail, but the impact of RPC on expansion behavior is poorly understood. However, it can be linked to rheological and physicochemical properties and is a key product quality parameter. Blends with different amounts of RPC (0, 10, 40 g/100 g) were extruded at different barrel temperatures (100, 120, 140 °C) and moisture contents (24 or 29 g/100 g). The initial, intermediate and final sectional, longitudinal and volumetric expansion indices (SEI, LEI, VEI) were monitored directly, 10 s and 24 h after die exit to measure extrudate growth and shrinkage. The viscous and elastic properties of the extruded blends were investigated in a closed cavity rheometer. Starch and blends with 10 g/100 g RPC achieved a high initial SEI followed by significant short-term shrinkage. Blends containing 40 g/100 g RPC did not show any initial expansion. With increasing RPC content, the intermediate SEI decreased, but all samples reached a similar final SEI due to time-dependent swelling of the RPC blends. With increasing RPC content, the elasticity of the starch-based extruded samples significantly increased. Our study shows that comprehensive control and understanding of expansion mechanisms can be achieved only by investigating all stages of extrudate growth and shrinkage. We also found that the closed cavity rheometer is a powerful tool to correlate the rheological properties and expansion mechanisms of biopolymers.
Design of an Isolated Circuit Breaker With Robust Interruption Capability for DC Microgrid Protection

In this article, a novel isolated circuit breaker (ISCB) that realizes robust interruption capability is proposed for direct current microgird protection. First, the proposed ISCB isolates the main current path and the commutating circuit during the fault-clearing state, thereby not causing fault current surges on both the input and output sides, and effectively protecting the source and load. Second, the ISCB can automatically charge the commutating capacitor to offer interruption capability before the reclosing of the breaker, which ensures a safe restart of microgrids after faults (especially temporary faults). Third, due to the introduced voltage clamping circuits, the ISCB can successfully interrupt faults without being effected by parasitic parameters on microgrids. Finally, the use of the insulated gate triggered thyristor with strong tolerance to current and voltage surges can also enhance the robustness of the ISCB. Consequently, the ISCB features higher fault interruption robustness than the existing breakers. Moreover, design guidelines are provided through mathematical modeling, and then based on the design guidelines, a laboratory prototype is developed to validate the feasibility of the ISCB.