Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Can We Make Better Use of Discussions in Education?

How Can We Make Better Use of Discussions in Education? Jaeseo Lim Interdisciplinary Program in Cognitive Science The Graduate School Seoul National University Although there is empirical evidence that students learn more when actively participating in learning, the current education is still lecture-centered. Even in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, so-called STEM, where the amount of knowledge seems important, students learn more when they actively participate in classes than passively listening to a lecture. In this context, this study is conducted for two purposes. First, we seek to confirm that the discussion increases learning outcomes by comparing it with the review. The second purpose of the study is to find out whether the discussion effect is varied by the activity that precedes it. As a result of the experiment, among the groups who listened to the lecture, the discussion group performed better than the review group. In addition, among the groups in which the discussion was conducted, the learning outcomes of the groups discussed after self-study were superior to those discussed after the lecture. These results were due to self-study that made the discussion more plentiful. In conclusion, this study are important in that it provides educational and practical implications for how to change the current lecture-centered education.
CIA_A_197857 701..719

Daniel Schoene Claudia Heller Yan N Aung Cornel C Sieber Wolfgang Kemmler Ellen Freiberger 1Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander University ErlangenNürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany; 2Institute of Medical Physics, FriedrichAlexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; 3Department of General Internal and Geriatric Medicine, Hospital of the Order of St. John of God Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany Abstract: Maintaining or improving quality of life (QoL) is a key outcome of clinical interventions in older people. Fear of falling (FoF) is associated with activity restriction as well as with poorer physical and cognitive functions and may be an important contributor to a diminished QoL. The objectives of this systematic review were to determine i) the effect of FoF on QoL in older people, ii) whether the association between these two constructs depends on the use of specific conceptualizations and measurement instruments, and iii) the role of fall events as mediating factor in this relationship. Four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library) were searched from their inceptions to February 2018. Thirty mostly cross-sectional studies in nearly 30.000 people (weighted mean age 75.6 years (SD =6.1); 73% women) were included. FoF was associated with QoL in most studies, and this association appeared to be independent of the conceptualization of FoF. Moreover, this relationship was independent of falls people experienced which seemed to have a lower impact. FoF should be considered not only as by-product of falls and targeted interventions in parts different from those to reduce falls are likely required. Studies are needed showing that reducing FoF will lead to increased QoL.
Long-Term Efficacy and Complications of Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation at Different Temperatures for the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a common neuropathic pain that seriously affects the daily life of patients. Many invasive treatments are currently available for patients who respond poorly to oral carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine. Among them, radiofrequency (RF) treatment is a viable option with reliable initial and long-term clinical efficacy. The long-term analgesic effects of radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) at high temperatures (≥80°C) are not superior to those at relatively low temperatures (60–75°C). In contrast, the higher the temperature, the greater the risk of complications, especially facial numbness, masticatory muscles weakness, and corneal hypoesthesia. Some patients even experience irreversible lethal complications. Therefore, we recommend low-temperature RFT (60–75°C) for treatment of TN. The therapeutic effects of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) are controversial, whereas PRF (≤75°C) combined with RFT can improve long-term effects and decrease the incidence of complications. However, large-scale clinical trials are needed to verify the efficacy of the combination of PRF and RFT.
Epidemiological study of hypertension and its determinants in an urban population, Solapur

Background: Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in a causation of coronary heart disease, stroke and other vascular complications. It is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular mortality, which accounts for 20-50 percent of all deaths. In India, the trend is increasing due to changes in lifestyle. Material and Method: The present community based descriptive study with cross sectional design carried out among 400 individuals with an age 20 years and above. Predesigned & pretested Semi open-ended questionnaire was used to collect data, 200 individuals selected from urban slum and non-slum area each by simple random sampling. Result: The prevalence of hypertension in urban area was 18.25%. Prevalence of hypertension was significantly more in elderly peoples (51.85%), class I socioeconomic status (28.23%), higher educational status i.e. Postgraduate (34.04%), widowed individuals (45%), obese (34.62%), smokers (39.58%) and alcoholics (35.18%), those with family history of hypertension (31.40%) and Diabetes (33.33%). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension is high in certain high risk groups which can be easily identified and preventive actions can be taken.
Thoracoscopic Management of Bochdalek Hernia – Our Experience

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a lethal birth defect with a reported incidence of 1:3000 live births. Herniation of abdominal contents occurs most often, in over 95% of cases, through the posterior foramen of Bochdalek, with 80% occurring on the left side. Diaphragmatic defects may be approached either through the thorax or the abdomen; this choice depends on the expertise and preference of the surgeon. Supporters of the laparoscopic approach refer to easier manipulation of the instruments and the ability to visualize the reduced viscera, thus avoiding unnoticed lesions. The present study was a prospective study that included patients with CDH presented at the Pediatric Surgery Unit and Neonatal Care Unit, Coimbatore medical college Hospital, Coimbatore during the period from August 2015 to June 2018. They included 20 cases of Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia managed by thoracoscopic repair. 15 cases presented in the neonatal period (neonatal group, 75%), and 5 cases presented after the neonatal period (delayed presentation, 25%). Conversion from a thoracoscopic to open repair occurred in 2 cases (10%). Recurrence of Bochdalek hernia occurred in 1 case. The utilization of MIS approaches have been suggested to be advantageous over traditional open surgery including less pain and incisional complications, avoidance of thoracotomy-related sequelae, as well as reduction of surgical stress. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 26-06-2019 Date of acceptance: 13-07-2019 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shall We Consider DPP-4-Inhibitors as Cardiovascular Safe Drugs?

Cardiovascular diseases are by far the most frequent and deadly complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. All recent anti-diabetic drugs have been shadowed by signals of more or less severe toxic side-effects, but the DPP-4 Inhibitors (DPP-4) have been gaining the reputation, based on interpretations of short and medium-term randomized clinical trials (RCT), and to pre-marketing rules of regulatory agencies, of being as a whole safe anti-diabetic drugs for type 2 diabetics.
Evaluate Efficacy of Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma Injection versus Conservative Modalities in Treatment of Chronic Tendenopathies

Introduction: Tendinopathies are primarily degenerative condition with the absence of inflammatory cells in and around the lesion. A variety of treatment modalities like eccentric exercises, shock-wave therapy have been tried in the past but none of it seems to be promising. Recently, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) addresses several aspects of the healing process and enhances tendon healing. Materials and Methods: Prospective cohort study consisting of eighty patients with chronic tendinopathies (lateral and medial epicondilitis, plantar fasciitis, achilles tendinitis) were divided into two groups viz. Group A and group B of forty patients each. Group A received autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) injection and group B received conservative management. Patients were followed up at 6th, 12th and 24th weeks after intervention and analyzed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: Mean VAS score decreased from 5.85 at start to 3.30 at 24th week follow-up in group A and from 5.40 at start to 5.30 at 24th week follow-up in group B. Statistically significant decrease in mean VAS scores have been observed in group A as compared to group B. Conclusion: PRP is effective in short-term treatment of chronic tendenopathies. Lateral epicondilitis responds most to PRP whereas planter fasciitis responds least of all the tendenopathies studied.
Stuck in failure: comparing special education needs assessment policies and practices in Sweden and Germany

ABSTRACT The definition for special education needs (SEN) and the policies for its assessment varies widely between countries. This paper aims to investigate similarities and differences through a Swedish-German comparative approach. Based on the distinction between categorical and relational perspectives as expressions of specific thought styles, 58 SEN assessment reports from both countries were qualitatively analysed. The results demonstrate the maintenance of the categorical perspective in terms of focusing on the pupil’s ‘failure’. This result is even more notable in the German examples than the Swedish cases. Exceptionally and in both countries, a relational perspective emerges, taking teaching and the social environment into account. In conclusion, we suggest a flexible SEN approach with a stronger emphasis on the relation between the individual and the learning environment.
CHAPTER 2 Mechanical Behaviour of Thermal Oxide Scales on Stainless Steels

The mechanical behaviour and adhesion properties of thermal oxide scales are key issues for steel processing and long-term durability. This chapter aims at taking up the various aspects to be considered for such studies. The first part is devoted to a description of the origin of stress and stress quantification. Then, description of mechanical failure and damaging patterns of thermal oxide scales will be given. Finally, definitions of adhesion energy as well as quantitative methods to measure adhesion energy will be proposed. An appendix describing the hypotheses and the constitutive equations for plane stress analysis, which suits to oxide scales, is also given The purpose is enriched by references in particular to Alain Galerie’s co-workers’ publications.
POSSIBLE EMERGENCE OF FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS FROM A GENERALLY COVARIANT MODEL OF QUANTUM MECHANICS

By making a radical change to the textbook interpretation of quantum mechanics, I obtain a generally covariant model in which many of the fundamental parameters of the standard model of particle physics can be seen. The fact that most of these parameters are covariant rather than invariant provides a robust mechanism for calculating their values, at least to a first approximation. I estimate the values of eight fundamental parameters, all accurate to better than 1%, or experimental uncertainty, if greater. These parameters are the mass ratios of the electron, proton and neutron, the pion and kaon mass ratios, the kaon/eta mass ratio, the Weinberg angle, the Cabibbo angle and the CPviolating phase. The model also throws light on the causes of the chirality of the weak force, neutrino oscillations and the CP-violation of neutral kaons, the existence of three generations of electrons, and on the measurement problem.
AN ANALYSIS OF BURNOUT OF TURKISH ELEMETARY SCHOOL PRINCIPLES

The main purpose of this study is to analyse burnout levels of elementary school principals. 190 elementary school principals from Nigde and its districts constitute the survey sample of the research. The data of this research were collected by using the “Maslach Burnout Inventory”. The data were analysed by using SPSS 15.0. In order to analyse the data obtained, mean, standard deviation, Mann-Whitney-U test, variance and TukeyHSD tests were used. Results of this study show that elementary school principals have “moderate” level of burnout. Also, it was found out that there was a statistical significant difference between elementary school principals in terms of gender in reduced personal accomplishment and depersonalisation sub-scales of the inventory. According to this result, female elementary school principals have higher reduced personal accomplishment and depersonalisation levels than their male counterparts. On the other hand, it was found a statistical significant difference between schools principals in relation to managerial seniority. According to results of this result of the research, school principals were found to differ in reduced personal accomplishment sub-scale so that less experienced school principals have higher burnout levels than their counterparts. It was also found out that there were not any statistical significant difference between elementary school principals in terms of educational level and working place variables.
Self- vs. Other-Focused Altruism: Studies on Endocentric and Exocentric Prosocial Orientations

This is both a review of previous research and a theoretical paper on altruism. It discusses one of the crucial theories of prosocial involvement: the distinction between endoand exocentric prosocial motivation depending on the type of internal gratification for the involved individual: satisfaction of the Self vs. improving the circumstances of another person. The relevance and validity of this distinction finds support in early empirical studies. Contemporary findings suggest a more universal regulatory context of this idea, which transcends the domain of altruism and extends to the more general issues of the Self and social perception. In addition, it anticipates a number of cognitive biases consequential to the relationship between endocentric regulation and the Self. The findings support a reinterpretation of the original term “prosocial motivation” and the use of a broader interpretative construct “prosocial orientation”, understood as a complex syndrome of regulation that encompasses the processes of social perception, value judgements, and Self-regulation, both explicit and subliminal.
Wage Cyclicality Revisited: The Role of Hiring Standards

In this paper we analyze cyclicality of wages at the job level, using posted wage data from an online job board in an emerging economy. Our data contains a significant fraction of online job advertisements in the Chilean economy for the period 2009 to 2018 and is representative of the overall wage distribution of newly hired workers. One major advantage of our dataset is the availability of wage information along information on requirements for each job. We find significant levels of posted wage procyclicality, safely ignoring any cyclical mismatch. We show how omitted variable bias, by ignoring countercyclical changes in hiring standards, reduces the amount of cyclicality found in previous studies.
Do Shocks Experienced in the Mother’s Uterus have Adverse Effects on Child Health, and Can Welfare Schemes Ameliorate such Effects?-Evidence from Andhra Pradesh, India

Indian children are among the most malnourished children in the world. The situation becomes desperate if the child suffers shocks in the mother’s uterus. This study on the YLS data from the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh provides evidence that uterus shocks experienced by the child have an adverse effect on her health. This study exploits an unique feature of the data set that allows distinction between different types of uterus shocks and reports that the adverse effect is the strongest in case of crop failure. Another distinguishing feature of this study is the comparison between the role of the Midday Meal Scheme (MDMS) and the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) in mitigating the adverse effect of uterus shocks. MDMS and NREGS were introduced around the same time, 2006. The study was conducted on panel data of children who were aged 6-18 months in 2002, 4-5 ½ years in 2007 and 7-8 ½ years in 2009. While the effectiveness of MDMS in mitigating the adverse effects on child health weakened between 2007 and 2009, the reverse was the case for NREGS. Though not explicitly designed to protect and promote child health, unlike MDMS, NREGS was in 2009 playing a role that was more effective than MDMS in acting as a buffer against uterus shocks to the child. In contrast, MDMS was more gender sensitive than NREGS in protecting the girl child’s heath in case of uterus shocks. The study points to the need for both schemes and for greater coordination between the two in delivery and coverage, especially in rural areas that have experienced crop failures. At a time when the NREGS is being curtailed, the fact that it has been playing a role that it was originally not designed to do is a result of much significance.
THE INFLUENCE AND IMPACT OF LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM CONTRACTS ON EMPLOYEE BEHAVIOR-A STUDY OF NIGERIA’S BANKING INDUSTRY

The human resources strategies and employment arrangements adopted by banks within the Nigerian Banking sector have undergone several changes over the years. These changes have potential negative impacts on employee behavior over time. Research about employment contract of banking employees in developing countries like Nigeria is not readily available. The main goal of this research was to evaluate the existing relationship between short-term and long-term contracts and employee behavior. Data were analyzed from 600 (n) banking staff within Nigeria’s 77,600 (N) bank employees. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the existing relationship between short-term and long-term contracts and the behavior of the employee with reference to their level of job satisfaction. The study established a negative correlation between type of contract and employee behavior. There were significant differences between the type of contract and the employee behavior. Findings revealed that employees working under long-term contracts experience higher levels of job satisfaction and therefore exhibit more positive behavior than employees on short-term contracts.
The influence of scientific creativity and critical worksheet (SCCW) on project based learning to increase cognitive ability, scientific creative skills and scientific critical skills senior high school students on sound wave problem

The aims of this study to determine the effect of SSCW on project based learning in improving the cognitive abilities, students’ scientific and scientific creative thinking skills on sound wave problem. The research method used is pre-experimental research with randomized control group. The research phase involves preparation, execution, and final stage. At the preparatory stage is a preliminary study, RPP preparation, and instrument validation by 4 expert validators. At the implementation stage is done in one high school in Bandung with pretest, the implementation of learning using project based learning with conventional student worksheet (CSW) and SSCW, then given the final test (posttest). The study participants were 22 students of both control class and experimental class in one of high school in Bandung. The instrument used is the instrument of cognitive ability and scientific thinking as well as scientific critical thinking skills. Implementation of SCCW on project-based learning can improve creative thinking skills and critical scientific and cognitive abilities of students with greater improvement than the application of SCW on project-based learning.
A prospective study to evaluate safety, efficacy and expulsion rate of post-partum insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device in a tertiary care centre

Background: The concept of contraception is not new, but its widespread application definitely is. Contraceptive availability is paramount for the health of women of reproductive age group. Among the variety of options available, female sterilization and IUCD are the most popular in developing countries. This study was conducted to assess the safety, incidence of complications, expulsion rates and willingness to continue at a 6 weeks’ follow-up period; after insertion of Cu T 380 A within ten minutes of placental expulsion both in vaginal and C-section deliveries. Methods: Prospective study in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cheluvamba Hospital from a period of 1 st January 2016 to 31 st June 2016. All consenting antenatal cases including referrals, who fulfil all the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Expulsion rates at 6 weeks’ follow-up were measured. Results: Total women counselled were 462, accepted 50, declined 412, lost to follow up 3, followed up 47, expulsion 3, bleeding 11, string problems 5, removal 8, continuation 36. Conclusions: PPIUCD is demonstrably a safe and effective contraceptive with high retention rate in the hands of a skilled caregiver. Strategies to increase public awareness through media sources are the need of the hour. Training of healthcare providers, cash incentives to acceptor, motivator and provider would further promote its use in developing countries like India.
Solving NP-Hard Problems on Graphs with Extended AlphaGo Zero

There have been increasing challenges to solve combinatorial optimization problems by machine learning. Khalil et al. proposed an end-to-end reinforcement learning framework, S2V-DQN, which automatically learns graph embeddings to construct solutions to a wide range of problems. To improve the generalization ability of their Q-learning method, we propose a novel learning strategy based on AlphaGo Zero which is a Go engine that achieved a superhuman level without the domain knowledge of the game. Our framework is redesigned for combinatorial problems, where the final reward might take any real number instead of a binary response, win/lose. In experiments conducted for five kinds of NP-hard problems including {\sc MinimumVertexCover} and {\sc MaxCut}, our method is shown to generalize better to various graphs than S2V-DQN. Furthermore, our method can be combined with recently-developed graph neural network (GNN) models such as the \emph{Graph Isomorphism Network}, resulting in even better performance. This experiment also gives an interesting insight into a suitable choice of GNN models for each task.