Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal population dynamics of Aceria oleae (Nalepa, 1900) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in generative organs of olives in Hatay Province, Turkey

Olive, Olea europaea L. , is an evergreen tree native to areas with Mediterranean climates. Its fruit and oil are key ingredients in the Mediterranean cuisine. Olive gall mite, Aceria oleae (Nalepa, 1900) (Acari: Eriophyidae) is a mite species that feeds on olive leaves, buds or flowers. This study was conducted to determine the population dynamics of A. oleae in generative organs of olive in Altınözü, Antakya and Samandağ Districts of Hatay between in April and October 2017 and 2018. The highest mite density was detected in Altınözü during the flowering period in 2017 and the budding period in 2018; and a second peak was seen during fruiting period for both years. A peak occurred in samples collected from Antakya for both years (in fruit stage, June 2017, and in budding stage, April 2018) but no prominent peak was noted Samandağ samples. A high rate of flower and fruit dropping was observed and this concurred with noticeable decreases in A. oleae population in Altınözü and Antakya Districts in both years. Three phytoseiid species, Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas Swirski & Ragusa, 1976 (44%), Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) rapidus Wainstein & Arutunjan, 1968 (29%) and Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) athiasae Porath & Swirski, 1965 (26%) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) were detected in these orchards. It is thought they probably fed on A. oleae since their primary prey, tetranychid mites were unavailable. Correlation results showed that population sizes of A. oleae did not decrease significantly with temperature and humidity in 2017. In 2018, the population was negatively correlated with temperature, but no significant increase occurred as humidity rose.
About polarization of display's optical radiation

Investigating the influence of display's optical radiation polarization on the color intensity perception was represented. The comparison of two most common types of color displays was carried out: on a basis of cathode-ray tube (CRT) and liquid-crystal display (LCD). The difference of image's luminosity and contrast ranges, misfit of color areas, and also display's contrast-frequency and sensitometric curves have been studied. The experiment setup and sequence of dependence between visible and perceived color intensity was designed. The programs generating test images on a display and processing the experimental data were created. The photometric and colorimetric measurements of the parameters were carried out. The results of experiments in color matching were analyzed.
Effects of Multimedia versus Live Professional Development on Teachers’ and Students’ Performance Related to the Question Exploration Routine

In each of two studies, teachers were randomly assigned to either a Virtual Workshop (VW) group that used a computerized professional development program or an Actual Workshop (AW) group that participated in face–to–face professional development, including discussion, feedback, and collaboration. In both studies, teachers’ posttest scores related to their knowledge of the Question Exploration Routine and their plans for using it were significantly higher than their pretest scores. In Study 2, both groups’ posttest scores with regard to implementation and planning of the routine were significantly greater than their pretest scores. There were no significant differences between the groups at posttesting on any measure. The posttest knowledge scores of the whole groups of students and the subgroups of students with LD being taught by both groups of teachers were significantly higher than their pretest scores. All teachers indicated that they were satisfied with the training and the routine. VW teachers in both studies indicated that they were satisfied with the software program.
Parámetros cinéticos de transferencia de masa durante el freído por inmersión de rodajas de yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz): Kinetic parameters of mass transfer in deep-fat frying of cassava slices (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Moisture and oil absorption changes occurred in the deep-fat frying of cassava slices (Manihot esculenta Crantz), ICA-costena variety, were evaluated to determine the kinetic parameters of oil absorption and moisture loss. Slices with 3.5 cm diameter and 1.3 mm thick were pretreated with (i) blanching at 80°C for 4 min, (ii) osmotic dehydration in saline solution (3% w / w) at 30°C for 4 hours and a ratio of 1:20 by weight. The slices were processed in Caribbean® palm oil at 140°C, 160°C and 180°C and a ratio of 0.005 kg sample / L oil. The experiment was conducted under a randomized completely block design with factorial arrangement 32 (factors: temperature and pretreatment) with three replications. The moisture and oil contents were determined by AOAC 984.25/2002 and Soxhlet methods, respectively. Moisture´s effective diffusivity ranged between 10.44 x 10-9 and 148 x 10-9 m2/s. The convective moisture transfer coefficient ranged between 1.37 x 10-5 y 7.37 x 10-5 m/s having a linear behavior with respect to the oil temperature. In the equilibrium, the oil absorption content ranged between 0.1391 and 0.3607 g oil / g solids and the specific rates between 8.14 x 10-3 y 77.08 x 10-3 s-1. Blanching and osmotic dehydration significantly affected the effective diffusivity of mass transfer and the oil content at equilibrium (p < 0.05)
EVALUATION OF TWO DOSES OF BUTORPHANOL-MEDETOMIDINE-MIDAZOLAM FOR THE IMMOBILIZATION OF WILD VERSUS CAPTIVE BLACK-FOOTED CATS (FELIS NIGRIPES)

Abstract: The efficacy, safety, physiologic effects, and reversibility of butorphanol-medetomidine-midazolam (BMM) immobilization were evaluated in black-footed cats (Felis nigripes) and compared between captive and wild animals. Nine captive and 14 wild black-footed cats were hand injected into an accessible hind limb muscle group with the BMM combination. The captive cats (captive group) received a lower dose of the combination (butorphanol, 0.25 ± 0.03 mg/kg; medetomidine, 0.06 ± 0.01 mg/kg; midazolam, 0.13 ± 0.02 mg/kg), whereas the wild cats received a higher dose (butorphanol, 0.53 ± 0.11 mg/kg, medetomidine, 0.13 ± 0.03 mg/kg, midazolam, 0.27 ± 0.05 mg/kg). Two capture methods were required to restrain the wild cats; previously collared cats were tracked and excavated out of their burrows during daylight hours (excavated group), whereas uncollared cats were randomly located using spotlights and pursued by a vehicle at night (pursued group). Inductions were rapid and no spontaneous arousals occurred. Mean arterial blood pressure in all cats was within normal limits for domestic cats. Initial rectal temperatures varied greatly among the groups, but decreased in all groups as the immobilization progressed. In the pursued animals, heart rates and respiratory rates were initially elevated. All cats had moderate hypoxemia, hypocapnia, and metabolic acidosis. Intramuscular administration of naltrexone, atipamezole, and flumazenil resulted in rapid, uncomplicated recoveries. BMM is thus a safe, effective immobilizing drug combination for both captive and wild black-footed cats, but higher doses are required in wild animals. The capture methods exerted a greater influence on the physiology of the immobilized animals than did the doses of the drugs used. Although this drug combination can be used safely to immobilize black-footed cats, supplemental oxygen should always be available for use, especially in pursued animals due to hypoxia.
The Relationship Between Inclusion, Absenteeism, and Disciplinary Outcomes for Students With Disabilities

Students with disabilities (SWDs) are more likely to be suspended or expelled than their general education peers and more likely to be chronically absent. This study uses 5 years of student-level data for all Michigan special education students to examine the relationship between educational setting, absenteeism, and disciplinary outcomes. Using within-student variation in an educational setting, I find that the degree of inclusion is associated with fewer disciplinary incidents and better attendance. However, the relationship between inclusion and disciplinary outcomes only exists for certain subgroups, and primarily for students who transitioned from more to less inclusive settings experiencing more disciplinary referrals and suspensions after these moves.
Deterministic selection dominates microbial community assembly in termite mounds

Background: Termites are ubiquitous insects in tropical and subtropical habitats, where they construct massive mounds from soil, their saliva and excreta. Termite mounds harbor an enormous amount of microbial inhabitants, which regulate multiple ecosystem functions such as mitigating methane emissions and increasing ecosystem resistance to climate change. However, we lack a mechanistic understanding about the role of termite mounds in modulating the microbial community assembly processes, which are essential to unravel the biological interactions of soil fauna and microorganisms, the major components of soil food webs. We conducted a large-scale survey across a >1500 km transect in northern Australia to investigate biogeographical patterns of bacterial and fungal community in 134 termite mounds and the relative importance of deterministic versus stochastic processes in microbial community assembly. Results: Microbial alpha (number of phylotypes) and beta (changes in bacterial and fungal community composition) significantly differed between termite mounds and surrounding soils. Microbial communities in termite mounds exhibited a significant distance-decay pattern, and fungal communities had a stronger distance-decay relationship (slope = -1.91) than bacteria (slope = -0.21). Based on the neutral community model (fitness < 0.7) and normalized stochasticity ratio index (NST) with a value below the 50% boundary point, deterministic selection, rather than stochastic forces, predominated the microbial community assembly in termite mounds. Deterministic processes exhibited significantly weaker impacts on bacteria (NST = 45.23%) than on fungi (NST = 33.72%), probably due to the wider habitat niche breadth and higher potential migration rate of bacteria. The abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was negatively correlated with bacterial/fungal biomass ratios, indicating that ARG content might be an important biotic factor that drove the biogeographic pattern of microbial communities in termite mounds. Conclusions: Deterministic processes play a more important role than stochastic processes in shaping the microbial community assembly in termite mounds, an unique habitat ubiquitously distributed in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. An improved understanding of the biogeographic patterns of microorganisms in termite mounds is crucial to decipher the role of soil faunal activities in shaping microbial community assembly, with implications for their mediated ecosystems functions and services.
CINÉTICA DE LOS CAMBIOS DE COLOR EN MANZANA DESHIDRATADA POR AIRE FORTIFICADA CON VITAMIN E

The kinetics of color changes in dehydrated apples fortified with vitamin E is evaluated starting from the CIE-L*a*b * coordinates, tone (h ab *) and chromes (C ab *), during 180 days and storage temperatures of 4, 20 and 30oC. Due to translucency of samples, the Kubelka–Munk’s theory of multiple light dispersion is applied to reflection spectrum, showing an increment in the adsorption compared with dispersion as much as higher is the temperature and storage time. At 4oC the color is not a critical parameter for the product, since there are not appreciable changes during the 180 days, as well as with packing type (atmospheric and vacuum). At 20 and 30oC higher changes in color appear, mainly in vacuum packed samples, its evolution defines different trajectories according to packing type and temperature with a tendency to red ones (> a *), from pale to dark color (< L *) and less pure (< C ab *) due to browning. Kinetic models of orders 0. 1 and 2 are applied to describe color changes, being the 2 nd order model the
Using Resilient Modulus to Determine the Subgrade Suitability for Forest Road Construction

Forest roads are often constructed in environments with low bearing capacity of the subgrade. The subgrade then has an effect on their service life and damage. According to the methodology of the American Association of State Higway and Transportation Officiales AASHTO, the design of pavement is divided into three levels according to the intensity of the traffic load. For pavements with the highest load intensity, preparing the resilient modulus from a cyclic triaxial test is required. For other traffic load classes, including forest roads, the methodology allows the use of the estimate of resilient modulus value determined from other tests. In the laboratory at the Faculty of Forestry, Mendel University of Brno, the method from the Delft University 2009 was tested and subsequently modified, using a standard CBR machine for repeated loading. A total of 276 samples from various types of forest road subgrade from the Czech Republic were tested by the method of repeated loading on the CBR machine, from which the values of the Resilient Modulus were newly labelled Mr,CBR. The results of the statistical analysis showed a large variability of Mr,CBR values and wide intervals of its occurrence for individual types of subgrade. The variability was subjected to analysis and the influence of basic geotechnical parameters on the values of Mr,CBR was analyzed. A fundamental correlation was found between the value of Mr,CBR and the value of the plunger stress, which reached values exceeding the bearing capacity of the soil types using the Delft University method. It is necessary to limit the plunger stress during cyclic loading up to the failure limit or even better to the expected traffic load. The modified procedure results show a more consistent behavior of the modulus.
Navigating the city’s waterscape: gendering everyday dynamics of water access from multiple sources

ABSTRACT Large-scale secondary data show that water access is improving in Indian slums; however, women still need to procure water from multiple sources. Based on field research conducted in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, this paper examines the everyday negotiations that urban women from slums undertake at different water sources. The study finds that women depend on street taps, water vendors, water tankers, and in-house connections in varying degrees. The results show variation in negotiations that women engage in at multiple sites and sources. These variations have emerged as a result of the characteristics of the water sources and household-level water storage capacity.
A proposed framework for “patient as a person” journey through a multi-level public healthcare system in accessing CT for localisation pre- radiation therapy treatment : a qualitative study

Introduction. Accessing radiation therapy treatment is a complex journey in the multilevel public healthcare system in South Africa. A framework was incorporated in this study to illustrate the interplay between a patient as a person journeying through the healthcare system, to the point of the computed tomography (CT) for localisation in pre-radiation therapy treatment series. Methods. A qualitative inquiry, underpinned by hermeneutic phenomenological philosophical interpretation and analysis through semi-structured interviews, enabled acquiring insights into patients’ expectations and experiences as they transited through the health system’s processes and procedures of the CT for localisation in pre-radiation therapy treatment. Findings. The participants’ (patients) expectations of their anticipated radiation therapy localisation procedure and experience thereof were shaped and re-shaped by their recent and/or previous encounters within the multilevel public healthcare system. They shared their interactions with various healthcare professionals including diagnostic imaging examinations and/or management and treatment interventions and how these impacted on their quality of life. They adopted a passive, co-operative stance; a go with the flow of the system as uncertainty and the unpredictable disease were already complex to deal with. Despite the latter, they remained hopeful to undergo their upcoming radiation treatment so that they would be able to return to normalcy. Conclusion. The proposed framework illustrates the interdependence and interrelatedness of the public healthcare system’s processes and procedures. Recommendation is to include each patient as a person’s transitioning pathway through the healthcare system as part of seeking a solution to their problem in dealing with the unpredictable nature of their disease in order to regain a quality life. Lay abstract The experiences of cancer patients were sought in terms of what they encountered during their preparation stages for cancer treatment in a public sector healthcare system in South Africa.
Thai Character-Word Long Short-Term Memory Network Language Models with Dropout and Batch Normalization

Due to the emerging of Long Short-Term Memory neuron network (LSTM) which is a variation of deep neuron network, it is proven to be essential to the improvement of Natural Language Processing, especially Language Modelling. Many researches applied LSTM to model many well-defined languages and gain performance in term of accuracy. However, this new approach is rarely applied to Thai language. Unfortunately, the characteristic of Thai language is significantly different than other well-defined languages, particularly English or Latin-based languages. In this work, we applied LSTM in Language Modelling to predict the next word in the sequence. We designed seven variation of LSTM models and compared the result with word-level LSTM model. The experiment showed that character-word LSTM can improve the performance of Natural Language Modelling (NLM) on Thai dataset. Especially when using character-word LSTM with dropout value of 0.75 and batch normalization, the perplexity is lower than baseline word-level LSTM up to 21.10%.
The Role of Financial Development in Economic Growth of Nepal: ARDL Approach of Cointegration with Structural Break Analysis

This paper, using the most recent index of financial development as developed in Svirydzenka (2016), examines the role of financial development in the economic growth of Nepal. This paper employs the Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach of cointegration with the structural break in time series data for the period of 1980-2017. Nepal is a unique country with a population of about 30 million with high demographic dividend and big markets in the neighbours, the earlier entrant in the liberalization and reform in the region, endowed with lots of natural resources and beauties, and comparatively cheaper labor force in the region but it remains as one of the poor landlocked developing countries sandwiched between two emerging economies, namely China and India. The results show that financial development has a strong long-run positive relationship with economic growth. Therefore, developing the strategies for the proper financial development improving the financial institution quality and widening the financial market to improve capital formation would be a way to accelerate the economic growth in Nepal.
Long discharges in a steady state with D2 and N2 on the actively cooled tungsten upper divertor in WEST

Nitrogen (N2) will be used in ITER to enhance the radiative fraction to ∼90%, thereby cooling the edge plasma and preventing damage to the plasma-facing components. However, the reactivity of N2 with hydrogen isotopes can lead to the formation of tritiated ammonia (NT3). This should be considered in terms of the in-vessel tritium inventory, the regeneration of the cryo pumps, and the processes in the ITER de-tritiation plant. In the ‘W’ Environment in Steady-state Tokamak (WEST), a series of long L-mode discharges (∼50 s), with a constant N2 seeding from the outer strike point region has been performed on the upper actively cooled divertor. In the absence of active pumping, the N2 balance shows steady-state retention during plasma discharge, and is partially (∼35%) released in between discharges. Although a significant amount of N2( 18.65 Pa m3) has been injected, the wall still exhibited N2 pumping capabilities. Under these conditions, as long as this N2 reservoir is not saturated, there is not enough N available for the detectable threshold of ND3 formation to be reached. In these WEST experiments, no ammonia is detected during the pulse or after the pulse in the outgassing phase. These results are consistent with and complementary to the N2 seeded experiments performed in the Joint European Torus (JET) with its ITER-like wall and in the Axially Symmetric Divertor Experiment (ASDEX) upgrade.
The Effects of Product Line Prices and Competitors' Prices on Consumers’ Evaluations of Reference Price Advertisements

This study presents empirical evidence on the effect of product-line prices and competitors' prices on consumers' price judgments as well as on consumers' use of advertised reference price (A.R.P.) as reference across two product categories. Using a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design experiment, the findings indicated that consumers did not consider product line prices as an important reference. Competitors' prices were found to be a significant reference in the case of frequently purchased product categories. The moderating roles of product line prices and competitors' prices in reference price advertisements were not found. A.R. P. still exerted the greatest influence on consumers' evaluations of a promotional offer across two product categories.
Nutritional interventions in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy: Current practice at the Dutch Head and Neck Oncology centres

Abstract Objective To assess variations in nutritional interventions during chemoradiotherapy (CRT) among the Dutch Head and Neck Oncology centres (HNOCs). Methods An online questionnaire about nutritional interventions and dietetic practices was sent to 14 oncology dietitians of the HNOCs. Results The response rate was 93%. The number of scheduled dietetic consultations varied from two to seven during CRT. Most centres (77%) reported using a gastrostomy for tube feeding in the majority of patients. Gastrostomies were placed prophylactically upon indication (39%) or in all patients (15%), reactive (15%), or both (31%). For calculating energy requirements, 54% of the dietitians used the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization and United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU) formula and 77% uses 1.2–1.5 g/kg body weight for calculating protein requirements. Almost half of the centres (46%) reported to remove the gastrostomy between 8 and 12 weeks after CR. Most centres (92%) reported to end dietary treatment within 6 months after CRT. Conclusion This study shows substantial variation in dietetic practice, especially in the use of a gastrostomy for tube feeding, between the HNOCs. There is a need for concise dietetic guidelines.