Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secretion Capacity Limitations of the Sec Pathway in Escherichia coli

The secretion capacity of two E. coli strains (JM109 and AF1000) was evaluated through the expression of two human proinsulin fusion proteins using the translocation signal sequence from Staphylococcal protein A (SpA). Although a 7 to 11-fold difference in the expression levels was attained by the use of different promoters (SpA and malK promoters) and copy-number vectors (700 and 50 copies per cell), the maximum translocation rates for all the systems were around 140,000 amino acids cell -1 min -1 . Moreover, the secretion capacity was found to be independent of the size of the exiting peptide and its translational rate.
Effect of Hay: Concentrate Ratios on Digestibility of a Mixed Ration for Growing Calves

成反芻家畜においては,粗飼料と濃厚飼料を種々の割合で混合給与すると,給与飼料の栄養価が両飼料のそれの相加的価値を超えることが古くから認められている. 本研究では,子牛における給与飼料中の粗飼料•濃厚飼料割合のちがいに対する消化率の応答について検討した. 6週齢で離乳した6ヵ月齢(25週齢)のホルスタイン種去勢雄子牛28頭(平均体重164kg;日増体量,0.48～0.90kg)を用い,1番刈および2番刈オーチャードグラス乾草により，粗飼料:濃厚飼料比が,1:0から4:6までの範囲の混合飼料を給与して,延べ42回の消化試験を行ない,以下の結果を得た. 1) 1番刈乾草の乾物中粗蛋白質(CP)含量は,8.8%と2番刈乾草の12. 7%より低かった. 2) エネルギーの消化率(%,GED)の給与飼料中の濃厚飼料割合(C)に対する応答は,1番刈および2番刈乾草飼料でそれぞれ,GED=51.0+36.7(1-e-C),GED=51.1+34.4(1-e-C)となった,3) CPの滴化率(%,CPD)のCに対する応答は,1番刈および2番刈乾草飼料でそれぞれ,CPD=44.4+56.8(1-e-C),CPD=52.3+27.6(1-e-C)となった,1番刈乾草飼料では,濃厚飼料割合変化に対するCPDの応答が2番刈乾草飼料のそれの約2倍となった. 4) 細胞壁成分の消化率(%,CWCD)と給与飼料中の乾草割合(H)との関係は,それぞれ,CWCD=27.9-42.8(1-e-H),CWCD=33.7+44.7(1-e-H)であった.
Two new species of Cilliba von Heyden from Poland, with discussion of the Cilliba cassidea (Hermann) species complex (Acari: Mesostigmata: Uropodina: Cillibidae)

Two new species of mites are described from Europe on the basis of all developmental stages: Cilliba cassideasimilis sp. nov. and C. rafalskii sp. nov. (Acari: Uropodina: Cillibidae). Both of these species have been misidentified in the past as the closely related species C. cassidea, but these three species can be distinguished using morphological characters. Data on their geographical distribution and some remarks about ecology of both species are presented and discussed. New records of mites of the genus Cilliba are given.
Effect of gibberellic acid on berry quality parameters of different grape varieties under northern dry zone of Karnataka

The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of gibberellic acid on different grape varieties under Northern dry zone of Karnataka during October 2017 to March 2018. Two different schedules of gibberellic acid treatment viz., schedule-1 [10 ppm GA3 at parrot green stage as spray+ 20 ppm GA3 during 1 week of 1st spray as spray + 30 ppm GA3 at 3-4 mm berry size stage as bunch dipping + 40 ppm GA3 at 8-10 mm berry size stage as bunch dipping + 50 ppm GA3 as bunch dipping during 1 week after 4th treatment] and schedule-2 [20 ppm GA3 at anthesis stage as dipping + 50 ppm GA3 at berry set stage as dipping] were applied to four different varities of grape viz., Thompson seedless, Manik Chaman, KR White and 2-A Clone to determine the effect of gibberellic acid on berry physico-chemical properties in different varieties of grape. The results revealed that, maximum berry juice content (66.85 %), TSS (20.77 0Brix), Total sugars (19.36 %), Reducing sugars (18.22 %), Non reducing sugars (1.13 %) Ascorbic acid (3.71 mg/ 100g), and minimum Acidity (% 0.560) was recorded in the grapes treated with schedule-1 set of gibberellic acid treatment compared to that of schedule-2 set of gibberellic acid treatment.
Effects of Prey Type on the Feeding Behavior of Alsophis portoricensis (Serpentes: Colubridae)

Alsophis portoricensis can inject the secretion of its Duvernoy's gland (=venom) into its prey, constrict it, or swallow it alive. We studied the differences in prey-handling behavior of Alsophis portoricensis when feeding on two of its natural prey species, the lizard Anolis cristatellus and the frog Eleutherodactylus coqui. Subduing time was higher for lizards, but swallowing and handling times were longer for frogs. Alsophis struck Anolis most frequently on the trunk, whereas it attacked Eleutherodactylus preferentially on the head or the limbs. Alsophis portoricensis was equally successful in preventing both prey types from escaping after first seizing them. Snakes never constricted either prey type, but enven- omated most Anolis and only one Eleutherodactylus. Alsophis always swallowed lizards head-first, but ingested frogs head-first or tail- or side-first indiscriminately. This diversity in Alsophis feeding behavior may result from differences in external morphology and retaliatory power between Anolis cristatellus and Eleutherodactylus coqui. Predators may show variation in their feed- ing behavior when they encounter different prey types. These variations may be related to the antipredator mechanisms presented by the prey, microhabitat differences among prey types, or to the risk of injury or predation to the pred- ator (Formanowicz and Brodie, 1988; Lima and Dill, 1990). Because feeding is an energy-con- suming activity, a predator may minimize the
FKBP12.6 Regulates The Secretion of Adrenal Chromaffin Cell in Mice

FK506 binding protein 12.6(FKBP12.6), a protein that binds to and regulates the ryanodine receptor type 2(RyR2) Ca2+ release channels, may act as an important regulator of catecholamine secretion. In the present study, the role of FKBP12.6 in the control of chromaffin cell exocytosis has been investigated using FKBP12.6-null mice. The results showed that FKBP12.6 was expressed in mouse chromaffin cells; deletion of FKBP12.6 did not change the depolarization induced Ca2+current and exocytosis. However, deletion of FKBP12.6 resulted in an enhanced caffeine-induced global Ca2+transient and larger caffeine-induced exocytosis in chromaffin cells of mice. These results indicate that FKBP12.6 is involved in catecholamine secretion through regulation of Ca2+release channel in mouse chromaffin cells.
Clubroot of Crucifers

The clubroot disease of cruciferous plants is induced by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, plasmodium fungus. Its resting spores reside for long years in the soil and could invade various cruciferous plants. This fungus composes of some bioraces. Soil pH value ranges between 5.4 to 6.5 and temperature ranges between 18～25? ℃ are the most favorable for clubroot development and thus the greatest damage could be done. Adjustment of soil pH level to 7 or up plus exchangeable calcium ion up to 1? 200? mg/kg or more could suppress the disease occurrence near completely. Thus amendments of lime, calcium cyanamide or sodium carbonate to adjust soil pH value to 7 is practiced to control the disease. Cares must be taken for pH level up to 7 for seedlings raising soil, avoiding transplanting in rainy hours or expecting rain few days after tansplantings. Fertilizers should use alkaline ones. Inigation water suspecting a presence of the fungal spores could be sterilized by adding 0.06% calcium oxide or 0.1% sodium carbonate (W/V). Using biocontrol endophytic fungus, Heteroconium chaetospira in the field rewarding for further investigation.
Changes in Gut Structure and Function of House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon) in Response to Increased Energy Demands

We compared digestive tract structure and function in house wrens (Troglodytes aedon) feeding on crickets at two intake levels (5. 18 g/d and 2.42 g/d). We increased the birds' intake through a combination of lowered air temperature and forced exercise. Apparent metabolizable energy coefcient (1-(energy excreted/energy ingested)) was. 771 in high-intake birds adapted to-9°C and 4 h exercise/d and. 716 in low-intake unexercised birds at 24°C (P = 0.016). Smallintestine length was 21% greater in the high-intake birds than in low-intake birds (11.4 cm us. 9.4 cm, P < 0. 001). Stomach size, mouth-to-cloaca digesta retention time of aqueous digesta, and intestinal absorption of . -proline/cm did not vary between groups. A simple digestion model from chemical reactor theory is used to analyze these results and to deduce that an additional important adjustment was an increase in digesta retention time in the absorptive region of the gut, the small intestine. This would explain the observed increased digestive efciency in the high-intake birds. The near-maximal rate of intake and digestion that we measured was among the highest ever recorded for a passerine. It exceeded by about 50% the field metabolic rate of parents during the reproductive season. Therefore, we reject the hypothesis that rate of digestion limits reproductive effort in house wrens.
Species and Biotype Analysis of Isolated Strains of Brucella in Xinjiang

【Objective】The project aimed to understand the characteristics of epidemiological strains of Brucella in Xinjiang and then provide a available measures to prevent and control brucellosis. 【Method】11strains of suspected Brucella were isolated by traditional methods. The suspected strains were identified by AMOS- PCR. Conventional biochemical tests were carried out to identify biological subtype of sheep Brucella. 【Result】It showed that nine strains were B. melitensis species. The 9 isolated strains were further identified by biological test and indicated that all of them were B. melitensis biotype 3. 【Conclusion】B. melitensis biotype 3 is the predominant strain of Brucella in Xinjiang,and AMOS- PCR assays could be applied safely and quickly as an assistant tool to detect Brucella. The results of molecular epidemiology had laid the foundation for updating the strategy to prevent and control brucellosis in Xinjiang.
EFFECTS OF USING AROMATIC HERBAL EXTRACT AND BLENDED WITH ORGANIC ACIDS ON PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF POULTRY 2 - THE GROWTH DURING COLD WINTER STRESS

A total of 200, three-week-old Bandarah (Egyptian strain) cockerels, were assigned into five equal groups, 40 birds each, with two replicates in floor pens. The 1 st group was fed a basal diet and used as a control, while the 2 nd and 3 th groups were fed basal diet supplemented 1 or 2 g/ kg feed of RepaXo (mixture of volatile oils), respectively. Also, the 4 th and 5 th groups were fed basal diet supplemented with 1 or 2 g / kg feed of Avigro (mixture of volatile oils along with organic acids), respectively. All groups were reared under cold temperature daylight 17 oC and night 10 C during winter months and housed in floor pens till the end of the experiment that lasted up to at 12 wks of age. Results showed that: productive performance of Egyptian meat production birds (body weight gain, mortality rate, feed consumption and feed conversion) and carcass quality (dressing %, breast% and giblets%) were improved (P<0.05) with the addition of aromatic herbal extract alone or its blend with organic acids to the diets under cold environmental conditions. Physiological improvements (P<0.05) in plasma Tri- iodothyronine (T3), plasma total protein as well as albumin and globulin, and blood indices (Hemoglobin and Hematocrit) were observed. However, plasma total cholesterol and plasma total lipids were reduced (P<0.05). Nevertheless, creatinine, AST and ALT were not affected by different levels of both additives. Revealing to the immunological performance, HI titter of Newcastle disease virus was significantly (P<0.05) higher with addition of both additives at all levels. Besides, the relative weight of lymphoid organs (liver) and glands (thymus, thyroid and bursa of fabricus) were increased significantly due to feeding diet included both supplements. Furthermore, experimental treatments improved (P<0.05) erythrocytic cells and leukocytes in terms of heterophil, lymphocytes and eosinophil, despise of
Against All Odds: Tentative Steps Toward Efficient Information Sharing in Groups

When groups face difficult problems, the voices of experts may be lost in the noise of others’ contributions. We present results from a “naturally noisy” setting, a large first-year undergraduate class, in which the expert’s voice was “lost” to such a degree that bringing forward even more inferior information was optimal. A single individual had little chance to improve the outcome and coordinating with the whole group was impossible. In this setting, we examined the change in behavior before and after people could talk to their neighbors. We found that the number of people who reduced noise by holding back their information strongly and significantly increased.
Prevalence of Different Severities of Hypoxia in COVID-19 Patients Admitted in Critical Care Unit

In 2020 Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection hit the world as pandemic. The most common and life threatening complication was various severity of respiratory failure. So we decided to conduct a study to determine the prevalence of different severities of hypoxia in COVID-19 infection. The study was a cross sectional prospective observational study on 50 participants. The study was conducted in COVID Intensive care unit (ICU) of Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College and COVID ICU of National Medical Centre Karachi, Pakistan. All patients with PO2 to FiO2 (PF) ratio less than 300, smokers and non-smokers were included in the study. PF ratio of 300 to 200 was considered as mild, 200 to 100 as Moderate and less than 100 considered as severe hypoxia. Admitting PO2 from an Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) sample and FIO2 was noted. Prevalence of hypoxia severities were graded, need of mechanical ventilation and mortality of each group was determined. 42 (84%) of patients had severe while 8 patients 16% had moderate hypoxia. None of the patient admitted in critical care had mild hypoxia. In severely hypoxic patients mortality rate was 28.6% and in moderately hypoxic group it was 50%. Severe hypoxia effected most of the COVID-19 infected patients admitted in critical care, which may be the cause of poor outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Efficacy of actinomycetes, Rhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria consortium inoculants on symbiotic traits, nodule leghemoglobin and yield of soybean in central India

A field experiment was carried out research field, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during the kharif season of 2016 to find out the efficacy of Actinomycetes, Rhizobium and PGPR consortium inoculants on symbiotic traits, nodule leghemoglobin and yield of soybean in a Vertisol of Central India. The said experiment was the field testing part of research which was conducted during 2002-2007 to 2007-2012. The efficacy of two isolates of each microbial inoculants as mono-inoculation and their combinations as co-inoculation of Actinomycetes, Rhizobium and PGPR were tested along with fertilized uninoculated control (FUI) and unfertilized uninoculated control (UFUI) were also evaluated. Results revealed that the among microbial inoculants, the Actinomycetes + consortia of Rhizobium and PGPR (CRP) was found most effective in respect of symbiotic parameters including nodule number (30.8 and 30.0 nodules plant1), nodule dry weight (42.1 and 61.7 mg/plant) at 35 and 55 DAS respectively, shoot and root dry weight (2.78 and 0.56 g plant-1) at 45 DAS respectively, leghemoglobin content (1.88 and 2.15 mg/g of fresh nodule) at 35 and 55 DAS respectively, followed by CRP nodule number (26.0 and 28.3 nodules plant-1), nodule dry weight (37.5 and 56.2 mg plant-1), shoot and root dry weight (2.52 and 0.53 g plant-1), leghemoglobin content (1.68 and 1.92 mg g-1 of fresh nodule) and also showed its positive effect in enhancing all the yield attributing parameters, seed and stover yields.
Responses of Cabernet franc Grapevines to Minimal Pruning and Virus Infection

Minimal pruning of cordon-trained vines (MPCT) was superimposed for five years on established spur-or cane-pruned Cabernet franc vines of varying virus disease status, either healthy or infected by graft inoculation with two combinations of leafroll and yellow speckle, one from Sultana clone H 4 and one from Sultana clone H 5 . The irrigated Cabernet franc readily adapted to the MPCT system without major changes in production, fruit maturation, and total vine size. Effects on vine development and morphology produced vines with the ideal balance between mature shoot growth and production which obviated the need to prune ( i.e. , zero pruning) as vine size was controlled by abscission of immature shoot growth. The lower productivity and vigor of cane-pruned vines was maintained when converted to the MPCT system. Compared to spur-pruned vines, MPCT vines developed during the five years a large permanent frame of old wood forming a substantial carbohydrate reserve, but had smaller root systems and reduced shoot growth. MPCT vines had more than double the number of shoots which had fewer and more closely spaced nodes. Vines of similar vigor had the same number of mature nodes, regardless of pruning system. Virus disease effects were amplified with the MPCT system. Both the H 4 and H 5 inocula produced symptoms of leafroll and yellow speckle and reduced yield by 9% and 23% and total vine size by 6% and 16%, respectively. Production was significantly lower than control in all seasons for H 5 but in only one season with H 4 . The correlation between yield and weight of one-year-wood was low for pruning and inocula treatments. This indicated that one-year-wood is not a suitable measure of the vine9s capacity for production. The significant correlation between yield and total vine size or yield and old wood indicates that this is a more appropriate measurement of vine vigor and production capacity. A non-destructive assessment of this parameter is required.
Validation of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Estimated from the MODIS Atmospheric Profile Data at an Equatorial Site

The atmospheric boundary layer height is important for constraining air pollution and meteorological models. This study attempted to validate the MODIS-estimated atmospheric boundary layer height (ABLH), and variation in the ABLH in Uganda was evaluated. The ABLH was estimated from MODIS data using the mixing ratio profile gradient method and compared to the ABLH estimated from radiosonde data using three different methods. Unlike in studies in other regions of the world, correlations between ABLH estimated using MODIS and radiosonde data were weak, implying limited usefulness of MODIS data for determining ABLH. However, the diurnal variation in MODIS-derived ABLH and particulate matter (PM10) was consistent with the expected inverse relationship between PM10 mass concentration and ABLH, and the mean MODIS-derived ABLH values were significantly lower during wet seasons than dry seasons, as expected.
Study on technology of storage and fresh keeping of mango fruits

Taking "Wacheng" mango fruits as sample,the post–harvest physiological speciality and technology of storage and fresh-keeping were studied.The mango fruits' rot rate and weight loss,respiratory intensity,POD activity,changing of enzyme activity and fresh-keeping effect were measured.The result showed that the optimum storage technology for "Wacheng" was the treatment at 8℃. The best medicament was "iprodione".
Role of the human cytomegalovirus IE2 protein on transcriptional regulation of viral promoters

ROLE OF THE HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS IE2 PROTEIN IN TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF VIRAL PROMOTERS Siabhon Michelle Harris Eastern Virginia Medical School and Old Dominion University, 2009 Director: Dr. Julie Kerry Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous pathogen able to cause severe mortality and morbidity in immuno-compromised individuals. Successful infection by HCMV is dependent on expression of viral genes essential for replication. Immediate early (IE) gene products are the first subset of viral genes to be expressed during infection and function as key transcriptional regulators. IE2 is one the most predominantly expressed IE proteins and is essential for HCMV infection. IE2 transactivates several viral promoters, including those of the essential viral DNA polymerase (UL54) and UL112-113 gene regions. IE2 is also able to autoregulate is own expression and repress expression of the major IE gene products. This study aims to investigate the role of IE2 and cellular proteins in regulation of viral promoters in order to gain a better understanding of early events required for HCMV replication. Through the use of both transient assays and complementing assays in recombinant HCMV clones, we show that single amino acid mutations in the C-terminus of IE2 impair both IE2mediated transactivation of early gene promoters and autorepression of the major IE promoter. These mutations in IE2 also result in nonviable recombinant viruses, emphasizing the importance of IE2 in HCMV replication. GST pulldown assays demonstrate that mutagenesis of Tyrosine 544 in IE2 reduces IE2 interactions with TATA binding protein (TBP) when compared to the wildtype IE2 protein. Using ChIP assays, we demonstrate that wildtype IE2 is recruited to the UL54 promoter in transiently transfected cells. However, mutagenesis in the IE2 protein at Proline 535 and Tyrosine 544 significantly decrease recruitment of IE2 to the UL54 promoter. Interestingly, these functional defects in mutated IE2 protein had no effect on RNA polymerase II recruitment, suggesting that IE2 may function in transcriptional regulation after formation of the transcriptional pre-initiation complex. In this dissertation, we have further characterized regions and functional properties of IE2 essential for UL54 activation and HCMV replication. Our studies are significant in understanding the regulation of viral genes essential for replication of HCMV and in the development of novel HCMV therapies.
Influence of Overweight and Obesity on Bone Mineral Density in Egyptian Premenopausal Women

Background and objective: Can overweight and obesity exert a detrimental or a protective effect on bone density in premenopausal women? We studied the correlation between obesity and bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women in Egypt. Patients and methods: a Case-control study included 50 overweight and obese premenopausal women compared to 50 normal weight women of matched age. Clinical history, examination, laboratory tests and DEXA scan were done. Results: T–score and Z-score at the forearm, hip, and lumbar vertebrae were significantly lower in the case group than the control group. In all participants, we found a significant negative correlation between body mass index (BMI) with Z-score ( forearm), BMI and bodyweight with Z-score (hip) and BMI, waist circumference (WC) and bodyweight with Z-score (lumbar vertebrae). We found a significant negative correlation between waist/ hip ratio (WHR) and T-score (hip) and between BMI, waist/hip ratio and bodyweight with T-score (lumbar vertebrae). In the overweight and obese participants, BMI was inversely correlated with Z-score (forearm, hip, and lumbar vertebrae) as well as waist circumference with Z-score (lumbar vertebrae). With post-hoc analysis, T-score at the lumbar vertebrae was significantly lower in the obese group. With adjustment of the age, (age and WC) and (age and WHR), we found a significant negative association in the obese group versus the lean group with Z-score (forearm, hip and lumbar vertebrae). Conclusion: Overweight and obese Egyptian premenopausal women were more vulnerable to lower bone density.