Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The head and neck organ-at-risk CT and MR segmentation dataset

Purpose: For the cancer in the head and neck (HaN), radiotherapy (RT) represents an important treatment modality. Segmentation of organs-at-risk (OARs) is the starting point of RT planning,however,existing approaches are focused on either computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) images, while multimodal segmentation has not been thoroughly explored yet. We present a dataset of CT and MR images of the same patients with curated reference HaN OAR segmentations for an objective evaluation of segmentation methods. Acquisition and validation methods: The cohort consists of HaN images of 56 patients that underwent both CT and T1-weighted MR imaging for image-guided RT. For each patient, reference segmentations of up to 30 OARs were obtained by experts performing manual pixel-wise image annotation. By maintaining the distribution of patient age and gender, and annotation type, the patients were randomly split into training Set 1 (42 cases or 75%) and test Set 2 (14 cases or 25%). Baseline auto-segmentation results are also provided by training the publicly available deep nnU-Net architecture on Set 1, and evaluating its performance on Set 2. Data format and usage notes: The data are publicly available through an open-access repository under the name HaN-Seg: The Head and Neck Organ-at-Risk CT & MR Segmentation Dataset . Images and reference segmentations are stored in the NRRD ﬁle format, where the OAR ﬁlenames correspond to the nomenclature recommended by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine,and OAR and demographics information is stored in separate comma-separated value ﬁles. Potential applications: The HaN-Seg: The Head and Neck Organ-at-Risk CT & MR Segmentation Challenge is launched in parallel with the dataset release to promote the development of automated techniques for OAR segmentation in the HaN. Other potential applications include out-of-challenge algorithm development and benchmarking, as well as external validation of the developed algorithms.
The Morning Glory: An extraordinary atmospheric undular bore

SUMMARY Observations made during an expedition in October 1980 to study ‘morning glory’ wind squalfs in the Gulf of Carpentaria region of northern Australia are described. During a ten day period in Burketown, north Queensland, six squalls were documented on consecutive mornings (8-1 3 October), including two moving from the south, an apparently unusual direction. The unique data gathered from.the latter confirm that these have the same character as their north-easterly counterparts; that is, they are undular bores. The origin of southerly glories remains uncertain, but, at least, in some cases, appears to be. linked with the northeast advance of a frontal trough across central Australia. While the data are equivocal, it seems possible that the motion of the front into the developing nqcturnal inversion could generate waves, or hydraulic-type disturbances, which run along the inversion layer, ahead of the front, as proposed by Tepper (1950). The efficacy of such a mechanism is demonstrated by a simple laboratory experiment. Evidence is presented which suggests that morning glory type events occur elsewhere in the world, sometimes as precursors to cold fronts. Observations in the Gulf of Carpentaria region show that they are effective triggers of deep convection when they advance into air with a sufficient degree of conditional instability.
Free Vibrations of Circular Cylindrical Shells with AN Interior Plate Using the Receptance Method

This paper describes the method to analyze the free vibrations of simply supported cylindrical shells with an interior rectangular plate by using the receptance method. This method is based on the ratio of a deflection (or slope) response to a harmonic force (or moment) at the joint. After finding the free vibrational characteristics of the simply supported plate and shell before combination, the frequency equation of the combined system is obtained by considering the continuity conditions at the joint between the plate and the shell. When the line load and moment applied along the joint are assumed as the Dirac delta and sinusoidal function, the continuity conditions at the joint are proven to be satisfied. The numerical results are compared with published works and experimental results in order to show the validity of the formulation, and that the analytical results agree with those from other methods.
Pilot study to explore poor visual searching capabilities in children with ADHD: a tablet-based computerized test battery study

Abstract Aim: The frequent visual attention deficiency reported in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) could represent a relevant biomarker but robust estimates of such cognitive impairment in clinical populations remained challenging. To assess visual attention impairment in children ADHD using a new design tablet-based computerized test battery which allowed objective recording of visual search performances. Methods: Forty-nine children with ADHD and their IQ- and age-matched typically developmental (TD) children were enrolled in the study. Visual attention abilities were estimated by using the computerized modified barrage test developed by Metrisquare. We analyzed the time spent to achieve the whole battery and, the errors and omissions done by each child during each of the three sub-tasks. Results: We observed a significant association between the load of sustained attention requested to perform a sub-task and the numbers of errors and omissions made by the children whatever the group considered. During the most stringent sub-task in term of visual attention engagement, children with ADHD displayed more significant errors and omissions when compared to IQ- and age-matched controls. This effect was not mediated by the time spent to perform the task since we did not report any significant difference between groups. Conclusion: The different performance of the most stringent sub-task observed in children with ADHD could be due to their deficient neural activity in frontal areas responsible of visual endogenous attention needed for difficult visual searching tasks. This cognitive battery could be a useful instrument to estimate visual attention impairment in children with ADHD. HIGHLIGHTS We assessed if a new design tablet-based computerized test battery would allow objective recording of visual search performances. We observed that children with ADHD made significantly more errors and omissions with respect to age-, sex- matched controls during the most stringent sub-task in terms of visual attention engagement The tablet-based computerized test battery could be a promising tool to objectively estimate abnormal attention search impairment in ADHD.
Statistical properties of metal abundances of the intracluster medium in the central region of clusters

We measured metal abundances of the intracluster medium in the central regions of 34 nearby clusters of galaxies, using ASCA data. Clusters that have a sharp X-ray emission centred on a cD galaxy are commonly found to exhibit a central increment in the Fe abundance, which is more pronounced in lower temperature clusters; +(0.1–0.2) solar at kT>5 keV, compared with +(0.2–0.3) solar at 1.5<kT<4 keV. These central excess metals are thought to be ejected from cD galaxies. Several low-temperature cD type clusters also show significant Si abundance increase by +(0.1–0.2) solar at the central region. Compared with the Si-rich abundances observed in the outer regions of rich clusters, the Si to Fe abundance ratio of central excess metals tends to be near the solar ratio, implying that type Ia products from cD galaxies are dominant for the central excess metals. On the other hand, some other clusters do not show the central Fe abundance increase. As these clusters tend to contain two or three central giant galaxies, it is suggested that galaxy interactions have removed the central abundance increase.
Entropy Generation in a Boundary Layer Transitioning Under the Influence of Freestream Turbulence

The objective of the present research is to develop new fundamental knowledge of the entropy generation process in laminar flow with significant fluctuations (called pre-transition) and during transition prematurely induced by strong freestream turbulence (bypass transition). Results of direct numerical simulations are employed. In the pre-transitional boundary layer, the perturbations by the streaky structures modify the mean velocity profile and induce a "quasi-turbulent" contribution to indirect dissipation. Application of classical laminar theory leads to underprediction of the entropy generated. In the transition region the pointwise entropy generation rate (S"') + initially increases near the wall and then decreases to correspond to the distribution predicted for a fully-turbulent boundary layer as the flow progresses downstream. In contrast to a developed turbulent flow, the term for turbulent convection in the turbulence kinetic energy balance is significant and can play an important role in some regions of the transitioning boundary layer. More turbulent energy is produced than dissipated and the excess is convected downstream as the boundary layer grows. Since it is difficult to measure and predict true turbulent dissipation rates (and hence, entropy generation rates) exactly other than by expensive direct numerical simulations, a motivation for this research is to evaluate approximate methods for possible use in experiments and design. These new results demonstrate that an approximate technique, used by many investigators, overestimates the dissipation coefficient C d by up to seventeen per cent. For better predictions and measurements, an integral approach accounting for the important turbulent energy flux is proposed and validated for the case studied.
Magnetic field orientation and suprathermal ion streams in the earth's foreshock

The different populations of backstreaming ions found earlier with ISEE instruments outside the earth's bow shock were organized by the orientation of the IMF to the shock in the plane containing BSW and the solar ecliptic X axis (the B-X plane). The associations of ion classes with field geometry and shock structure are shown by means of computer-drawn three-dimensional sketches. Particles of several keV, or about 10 times the solar wind streaming energy, left the shock as ‘reflected’ beams in a guiding center direction determined by BSW and the interplanetary drift velocity. Their area of departure was the part of the shock where the transition from quasi-perpendicular to quasi-parallel structure began. Slightly farther toward the quasi-parallel portion of the shock, particles of lower energy escaped upstream, widening the ion spectra, exciting small magnetic waves, and forming a class of ‘intermediate’ ions. Finally, in direct connection with the quasi-parallel structure, ions leaving the shock formed the ‘diffuse’ group, containing a wide distribution of energies including high values well beyond any recorded in the other two classes. Sources of the various ion groups are postulated.
PCDD/Fs and PCBs in hen eggs from a contaminated area in Italy: a 9 years spatio-temporal monitoring study

Abstract Eggs can represent a food susceptible to contamination, with bioaccumulation potential for POPs. The Province of Taranto, Southern Italy, is of particular relevance in this context because of the presence of industrial sources of PCDD/Fs and PCBs. The aim of this study was to analyze and report the levels of these contaminants in hen eggs sampled in farms located within a radius of 20 km from the industrial area of Taranto. Between 2013 and 2021, 227 hen eggs were collected, according to a special monitoring plan of the Prevention Department. Samples were analyzed by the National Reference Laboratory for Halogenated POPs in Feed and Food. Median (IQR) values were: 0.28 (0.59) pg WHO-TEQ/g fat for PCDD/Fs, 0.89 (1.70) pg WHO-TEQ/g fat for PCDD/Fs + DL-PCBs, 0.57 (1.16) pg WHO-TEQ/g fat for DL-PCBs, 2.24 (5.51) ng/g fat for NDL-PCBs. Samples not-compliant (Reg. 1881/2006/EC and amendments) for at least one contaminant were 17 (7.5%). No contaminants values or exceedances showed a statistically significant correlation with distance from industrial area (p > 0.05). Higher PCDD/Fs values were observed in first and second quarters (p < 0.05). All contaminants’ values pairwise combinations showed significant (p < 0.0001) strong (ρ > 0.7) correlation. According to our epidemiological investigations, the exceedances are to be attributed to factors mainly related to farmers’ wrong habits. These results confirmed the importance of the monitoring of contaminants’ levels in the matrices at risk as well as to focus on enhancing good management practices on eggs-producing farms.
Prediction Performance of Feature Selectors and Classifiers on Highly Dimensional Transcriptomic Data for Prediction of Weight Loss in Filipino Americans at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Accurate prediction of risk for chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D) is challenging due to the complex underlying etiology. Integration of more complex data types from sensors and leveraging technologies for collection of -omics datasets may provide greater insights into the specific risk profile for complex diseases. Methods: We performed a literature review to identify feature selection methods and machine learning models for prediction of weight loss in a previously completed clinical trial (NCT02278939) of a behavioral intervention for weight loss in Filipinos at risk for T2D. Features included demographic and clinical characteristics, dietary factors, physical activity, and transcriptomics. Results: We identified four feature selection methods: Correlation-based Feature Subset Selection (CfsSubsetEval) with BestFirst, Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) test with correlation featureselection (CFS), DESeq2, and max-relevance-min-relevance (MRMR) with linear forward search and mutual information (MI) and four machine learning algorithms: support vector machine, decision tree, random forest, and extra trees that are applicable to prediction of weight loss using the specified feature types. Conclusion: More accurate prediction of risk for T2D and other complex conditions may be possible by leveraging complex data types from sensors and -omics datasets. Emerging methods for feature selection and machine learning algorithms make this type of modeling feasible.
Cell-specific effects of the sole C. elegans Daughterless/E protein homolog, HLH-2, on nervous system development

ABSTRACT Are there common mechanisms of neurogenesis used throughout an entire nervous system? We explored to what extent canonical proneural class I/II bHLH complexes are responsible for neurogenesis throughout the entire Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system. Distinct, lineage-specific proneural class II bHLH factors are generally thought to operate via interaction with a common, class I bHLH subunit, encoded by Daughterless in flies, the E proteins in vertebrates and HLH-2 in C. elegans. To eliminate function of all proneuronal class I/II bHLH complexes, we therefore genetically removed maternal and zygotic hlh-2 gene activity. We observed broad effects on neurogenesis, but still detected normal neurogenesis in many distinct neuron-producing lineages of the central and peripheral nervous system. Moreover, we found that hlh-2 selectively affects some aspects of neuron differentiation while leaving others unaffected. Although our studies confirm the function of proneuronal class I/II bHLH complexes in many different lineages throughout a nervous system, we conclude that their function is not universal, but rather restricted by lineage, cell type and components of differentiation programs affected.
Turbulence Modeling in Rotating and Curved Channels: Assessing the Spalart-Shur Correction

Aunie edapproachtosystem-rotationandstreamline-curvatureeffectsintheframeworkofsimpleeddy-viscosity turbulence models is exercised in a range of rotating and curved channel e ows. The Spalart ‐Allmaras (SA) oneequation turbulence model (Spalart, P. R., and Allmaras, S. R., “ A One-Equation Turbulence Model for Aerodynamic Flows,” AIAAPaper 92-0439, 1992 )modie ed in thismanner is shown to bequitecompetitivewith advanced nonlinear and Reynolds-stress models and to be much more accurate than the original SA model and other eddyviscosity models that are widely used for industrial e ow computations. The new term adds about 20% to the computing cost, but does not degrade convergence.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Posttransplant Anemia With Overall Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Kidney Transplant Recipients

Introduction: Posttransplant anemia is a common finding after kidney transplantation. A previous meta-analysis reported an association between anemia and graft loss. However, data on cardiovascular outcomes have not yet been reported. Objective: We conducted an updated meta-analysis to examine the association between posttransplant anemia and outcomes after transplantation including cardiovascular mortality in adult kidney transplant recipients. Methods: We comprehensively searched the databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to November 2021. Data from each study were combined using the random-effects model. Generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird was employed to calculate the risk ratios and 95% CIs. Results: Seventeen studies from August 2006 to April 2019 were included (16 463 kidney transplantation recipients). Posttransplant anemia was associated with overall mortality (pooled risk ratio = 1.72 [1.39, 2.13], I2 = 56%), graft loss (pooled risk ratio = 2.28 [1.77, 2.93], I2 = 94%), cardiovascular death (pooled risk ratio = 2.06 [1.35, 3.16], I2 = 0%), and cardiovascular events (pooled risk ratio = 1.33 [1.10, 1.61], I2 = 0%). Early anemia (≤6 months), compared with late anemia (>6 months), has higher risk of overall mortality and graft loss with a pooled risk ratio of 2.63 (95% CI 1.79-3.86; I2 = 0%) and 2.96 (95% CI 2.29-3.82; I2 = 0%), respectively. Discussion: In addition to increased risk of graft loss, our updated meta-analysis demonstrated that posttransplant anemia was significantly associated with poor outcomes after kidney transplantation including overall mortality, graft loss, cardiovascular death, and cardiovascular events. Future studies are required to assess the effects of treatment strategies for posttransplant anemia on posttransplant outcomes including cardiovascular mortality.
Temperature dependence of the electronic structure of C60 films adsorbed on Si(001)-(2x1) and Si(111)-(7x7) surfaces

We report here the temperature-dependent measurements of the valence spectra, the C 1s and the Si 2p core level spectra of the one monolayer ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ film adsorbed on Si(001)-$(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$ and Si(111)-$(7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7)$ surfaces, using photoelectron spectroscopy. At 300 K, most ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecules are physisorbed with the coexistence of minority chemisorbed species on both Si(001)-$(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)$ and Si(111)-$(7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7)$ surfaces. After annealing the samples at 670 K, ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecules change the bonding nature to a chemisorption that has both covalent and ionic characters. The covalent bonding orbital is observed at a binding energy of 2.10 eV on both Si surfaces. The amount of charge transfer is estimated to be 0.19 electrons per ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecule on the Si(001) surface, and to be 0.21 electrons per molecule on the Si(111) surface. We consider the origin of the change in bonding nature to the different distance between two dangling bonds that results from the rearrangement of the surface Si atoms. After annealing at 1070 K, ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ molecules decompose and the SiC formation takes progress at the interface. On the Si(001) surface, the molecular orbitals (MO's) disappear at 1120 K and the binding energies of peaks observed in the valence spectra indicate the formation of SiC islands at this temperature. On the Si(111) surface, the disappearance of MO's and the formation of SiC islands are verified at 1170 K. The difference in formation temperature is attributed to the different surface structure.
Antagonistic Potentiality of Actinomycete-Derived Extract with Anti-Biofilm, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Capabilities as a Natural Combating Strategy for Multidrug-Resistant ESKAPE Pathogens

The global increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has inspired researchers to develop new strategies to overcome this problem. In this study, 23 morphologically different, soil-isolated actinomycete cultures were screened for their antibacterial ability against MDR isolates of ESKAPE pathogens. Among them, isolate BOGE18 exhibited a broad antibacterial spectrum, so it was selected and identified based on cultural, morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. Chemotaxonomic analysis was also performed together with nucleotide sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, which showed this strain to have identity with Streptomyces lienomycini. The ethyl acetate extract of the cell-free filtrate (CFF) of strain BOGE18 was evaluated for its antibacterial spectrum, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 62.5 to 250 μg/ml. The recorded results from the in vitro anti-biofilm microtiter assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of sub-MIC concentrations revealed a significant reduction in biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner. The extract also displayed significant scavenging activity, reaching 91.61 ± 4.1% and 85.06 ± 3.14% of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), respectively. A promising cytotoxic ability against breast (MCF-7) and hepatocellular (HePG2) cancer cell lines was obtained from the extract with IC50 values of 47.15 ± 13.10 and 122.69 ± 9.12 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, nine known compounds were detected in the BOGE18 extract, suggesting their contribution to the multitude of biological activities recorded in this study. Overall, Streptomyces lienomycini BOGE18-derived extract is a good candidate for use in a natural combating strategy to prevent bacterial infection, especially by MDR pathogens.
Chaos and Hyperchaos in a Model of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction in a Batch Reactor

Abstract A simplification down to twenty six reaction steps of twenty species from the Gyorgyi, Turanyi and Field model (GTF) with eighty steps and twenty six species of the Belousosv-Zhabotinsky reaction is shown to be enough to account for recently available experimental results obtained by Rouff in a batch reactor. The bromate concentration was used as the control parameter for the system. Upon variation of this parameter we see the evolution of the system from an excitable steady-state to a limit cycle, then to a subsequent hyperchaotic regime through crisis, and back to a steady-state.
Velocity segregation in galaxy clusters

We have investigated the velocity field of galaxies in clusters. Our sample consists of the 68 clusters with at least 30 galaxies for which redshifts are available in the literature; for 61 of these clusters we were also able to collect most of the galaxy magnitudes. We have unambiguously found that galaxies brighter than the magnitude of third-ranked object, m 3 , have velocities lower than average. These galaxies are preferentially located in the central regions. The effect is not induced by morphological segregation, it is not restricted to cD clusters, and it does not depend on the presence of substructures