Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Some Faba Bean Genotypes Under Three Planting Dates in Middle Egypt

The recent work was conducted in the Agricultural Research Stations of Mallawy, El-Minia Governorate and Sids, Beni-Suif Governorate, Egypt, during two successive winter seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 to study the effect of sowing date on productivity of eight faba bean genotypes, (Sakha-1, Sakha-3, Giza-843, Giza-716, Pop.-10, SB-1, BF-10 and Sids-19). Three sowing dates (October 15th, November 1st and November 15th) were used. The results of the combined analysis of the two growing seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 showed that, number of days to both flowering and maturity and number of branches were significantly affected by sowing date. The productivity traits were significantly affected by sowing date, specially, seed yield per faddan. The results revealed significant differences among the eight faba bean genotypes in their performance in both of number of days to flowering and maturity. The earliest faba bean genotypes were Giza-843, Sakha-3 and Giza-716 in both Sids and Mallawy. It was found that, late sowing showed a shorter period until to maturity. Genotypes produced higher seed yield/plant at the 2nd sowing date (November 1st). Genotypes produced heaviest 100-seeds in the 1st sowing date, because, plants stayed longer to reach maturity, relative to those planted in both of Novamber1st or November 15th, since seeds given much time to grow. Sakha-3 in both Mallawy and Sids, attained the highest seed yield (tonfad.). The second sowing date (November 1st) was most proper and any of Sakha-1 and Sakha-3 Sids-19 might be adopted to Middle Egypt.
Development and Validation of the Online Teaching Effectiveness Scale.

The currently available measures of online teaching effectiveness (OTE) have several flaws, including a lack of psychometric rigor, high costs, and reliance on the construct of traditional on-the-ground teaching effectiveness as opposed to the unique features of OTE (Blackman, Pedersen, March, Reyes-Fournier, & Cumella, 2019). Therefore, the present research sought to establish a psychometrically sound framework for OTE and develop and validate a measure based on this clearly-defined construct. The authors developed pilot questions for the new measure based on a comprehensive review of the OTE literature and their many years of experience as online instructors. Students enrolled in exclusively online coursework and programs at Purdue University Global ( N = 213) completed the survey, rating the effectiveness of their instructors. Exploratory Factor Analysis produced four clear OTE factors: Presence, Expertise, Engagement, and Facilitation. The resulting measure demonstrated good internal consistency and high correlations with an established OTE measure; good test-retest reliability; and predictive validity in relation to student achievement. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed a good fit of the data and yielded a final 12-item OTE measure. Further refinement and validation of the measure are recommended, particularly with students in other universities, and future research options are discussed.
The role of the audit committee in improving earnings quality: The case of industrial companies in GCC

We examine three audit committee characteristics, including the audit committee independence, the size of audit committee, audit committee diligence/meetings to identify if any of these characteristics differentially impact earnings’ quality. The sample included 23 industrial firms from the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) financial markets during the period of 2014-2018. To achieve this goal, the study measures earnings quality using DeAngelo (1981) model and accrual accounting. By using the panel fixed-effect regression, our analysis reveals that bigger audit committees with more independence are more likely to be associated with earnings quality in GCC industrial firms. We also find that the audit committee diligence/meetings have no impact on earnings quality.
Untersuchungen der Flagellen von Pyrococcus furiosus: Flagellenvermittelte Interaktionen, Ultrastruktur und Molekularbiologie

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden die Struktur und die Funktion der Flagellen des Archaeons Pyrococcus furiosus untersucht. Zur Analyse flagellenvermittelter Interaktionen wurde eine Cokultur aus P. furiosus und M. kandleri auf der Basis eines Interspezies-Wasserstofftransfers etabliert. Die Entwicklung des resultierenden archaeellen Bi-Spezies Biofilms wurde uber einen Zeitraum von 15 h dokumentiert. Die Struktur des Biofilmst wurde mit Hilfe fluoreszenzmarkierter Antikorper visualisiert, wobei zwei verschiedene Biofilmarchitekturen auftraten. Eine Labormutante von Pyrococcus furiosus wurde naher in Bezug auf ihr Adhasionsverhalten untersucht. Die Mutante heftete sich im Vergleich zum Wildtyp verstarkt an (siliziumhaltige) Oberflachen an und zeigte eine unregelmasige Morphologie auf. Beiden Pyrococcus-Stamme war gemeinsam, dass sie uber die Flagellen an Oberflache adharierten. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen von praparierten Flagellen ermoglichten die Darstellung potentieller Verankerungsstrukturen der Zellanhange in der Membran. In Ultradunnschnitten konnte in der Region des Zellpols, dem Punkt des Flagellenaustritts aus der Zelle, eine weitere Struktur dargestellt werden, die der Stabilisierung der Zellanhange oder der Chemotaxis dienen kann.
Ketamine Affects Prediction Errors about Statistical Regularities: A Computational Single-Trial Analysis of the Mismatch Negativity

The auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) is significantly reduced in schizophrenia. Notably, a similar MMN reduction can be achieved with NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonists. Both phenomena have been interpreted as reflecting an impairment of predictive coding or, more generally, the “Bayesian brain” notion that the brain continuously updates a hierarchical model to infer the causes of its sensory inputs. Specifically, neurobiological interpretations of predictive coding view perceptual inference as an NMDAR-dependent process of minimizing hierarchical precision-weighted prediction errors (PEs), and disturbances of this putative process play a key role in hierarchical Bayesian theories of schizophrenia. Here, we provide empirical evidence for this theory, demonstrating the existence of multiple, hierarchically related PEs in a “roving MMN” paradigm. We applied a hierarchical Bayesian model to single-trial EEG data from healthy human volunteers of either sex who received the NMDAR antagonist S-ketamine in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, within-subject fashion. Using an unrestricted analysis of the entire time-sensor space, our trial-by-trial analysis indicated that low-level PEs (about stimulus transitions) are expressed early (102–207 ms poststimulus), while high-level PEs (about transition probability) are reflected by later components (152–199 and 215–277 ms) of single-trial responses. Furthermore, we find that ketamine significantly diminished the expression of high-level PE responses, implying that NMDAR antagonism disrupts the inference on abstract statistical regularities. Our findings suggest that NMDAR dysfunction impairs hierarchical Bayesian inference about the world's statistical structure. Beyond the relevance of this finding for schizophrenia, our results illustrate the potential of computational single-trial analyses for assessing potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
Pathology or Inconvenience? A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Red Tape on People and Organizations

Red tape has been viewed as a key concept in public administration for decades and one that can significantly impact the human resource management (HRM) process. Theoretically, red tape is argued to (a) constrain organizational practices, (b) alienate employees from their organization and, ultimately, (c) lower performance. However, there is some debate about how detrimental red tape is, and empirical evidence is mixed. Using a meta-analytic approach, we aggregated findings from previous studies to test the impact of red tape and to assess sources of heterogeneity across studies. The results provide support for the constraining and alienating effects of red tape, although red tape’s impact on performance seems negligible. Furthermore, operationalizations of red tape and study context moderate some meta-analytic correlations. The lack of longitudinal and intervention studies and the use of single respondents remain the key limitations of current research, and therefore, future research is still needed.
Surface Composition and Interaction of Thermally Treated White Oak with White Sprits

The surface composition and energy of two thermally treated white oak stave sources and the acidic composition of their white spirit extracts were studied to determine whether composition of the maturing extract could be attributed to variability in surface composition due to degradation of lignin, cellulose, and extractives with thermal treatment and extraction. The sources were from the Ozarks and Appalachia. Surface composition was determined by X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Surface energy was obtained from the wicking method of contact angle determination with probe liquids and application of the van Oss geometric mean equation. Acid-base properties and composition of the white spirit extract were identified from titration plots and gas chromatographic analysis of the extract using a column for separating volatile and free fatty acids, esters, and aromatic aldehydes. XPS results showed a minimum oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) ratio and acid-to-base ratio at 150 C for the Appalachian oak and 200 C for the Ozark oak. The minimum O/C ratios were compared to theoretical O/C ratios of cellulose (0.83), lignin (0.34), and extractives (0.12). A decrease in O/C ratio was interpreted as an increase in high carbon content extractives and lignin at the surface, whereas an increase was interpreted as either increased oxidation due to thermal treatment or a decrease of these materials at the surface due to extraction. Greater increases were observed in the O/C ratio for the Ozark than for the Appalachian oak upon extraction at higher thermal treatment. The acidic-tobasic composition was defined as the ratio of alcohol (R-OH) and acid (R-COOH) groups to carbonyl (C=O) and aliphatic and aromatic carbon (C-C) groups. At lower thermal treatments the Ozark oak showed little change in acid-to-base ratio. Higher acid-to-base ratios and greater increases in this ratio were observed with the Ozark samples upon extraction at the higher thermal treatments. Surface energy analysis for acidic and basic functional groups present using the wicking method of contact angle analysis and van Oss geometric mean equation showed that the minimum acid-base ratio was obtained at 150 C for both oaks. Gas chromatographic analysis showed greater activity upon extraction in the Ozark extract as evidenced by more peaks with greater signal strength.
Algal growth potential and nutrient limitation in spring in Three-Gorges Reservoir, China.

In China, especially in Three-Gorges Reservoir, our knowledge of the algal growth potential and nutrient limitation was still limited. In the spring of 2006, the water column ratios of total nitrogen/total phosphorus were investigated and algal bioassays performed to determine algal growth potential of waters and nutrient limitation of mainstream and Xiangxi Bay of Three-Gorges Reservoir. The results showed sampling sites in mainstream were co-limited by N and P or P-limited alone, and sites in Xiangxi Bay were N-limited alone. Fe likely played an important role in determining the appearance and disappearance of algal blooms of Three-Gorges Reservoir. Native algae, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Cyclotella meneghiniana, had high growth potential in Three-Gorges Reservoir.
Effect of return of total wheat straw on soil mineral nitrogen dynamics and rice yield.

In order to provide theoretical basis for returning total wheat straw on rice production,a field experiment was conducted to study effect of ensuing nitrogen application after return of total wheat straw on rice yield and soil mineral nitrogen dynamics.Results show that with the total N application rate kept the same,Treatment RTWS(return of total wheat straw) significantly increased rice yield,and in Treatment RTWS,nitrogen application model B had a better yield-raising effect than model A.The experiment was designed to have nitrogen application split into 5∶5 between basal-tillering fertilizer and earing fertilizer,and 6∶4 between basal fertilizer and tillering fertilizer for Model A and into 6.5∶3.5 and 8∶2,respectively,for Model B,which is a modified one over on the basis of the former.Analysis of soil mineral nitrogen dynamics revealed that Treatment RTWS decreased NH4+-N and NO3——N contents in the soil before the rice booting stage,but increased the content of the latter afterwards,and that NO3——N content was higher with Model B than with Model A at any rice growth stage.Compared with CK(no wheat straw returned),Treatment RTWS inhibited rice growth and nitrogen uptake before the booting stage,but acted reversely after the stage.However,in Treatment RTWS,Model B had higher rice biomass and rice nitrogen uptake than Model A at any rice growth stage.With the total N application rate set at 270 kg·hm-2,Treatment RTWS coupled with Model B increased rice yield by 9.3% and by 5.3%,respectively,over Treatment TRWS coupled with Model A and CK.Although effective ears,grain weight and grains are major rice yield composition factors,Treatment RTWS increased mainly number of effective earings,by 6.1% to 14.5% over CK,thus improving the yield.Therefore,return of total wheat straw coupled with Model B in nitrogen application is an effective measure for higher rice yield.
Anaerobic Gymnastics Exercises Evoke Systemic Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Obese and Normal-Weight Children

Background Studies have shown that exercises that are anaerobic and produce lactate affect the level of Brain-derived neurotrophic family (BDNF). This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of anaerobic gymnastics exercise on salivary BDNF levels in obese and normal-weight boys. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, sixty subjects with age range of 8 to 12 years old who enrolled in the elementary level of gymnastics participated in this study and were randomly divided into four groups [(obese experimental group, n=15), (obese control group, n= 15), (normal weight experimental group, n= 15), and (normal weight control group, n=15)]. Experimental groups performed 45 minutes anaerobic gymnastics exercise including 10-minute warm up, 30-minutes of main exercises, and 5 minutes cool down, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Body composition characteristics and the levels of salivary BDNF were measured before and after 8 weeks of training. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05 for all analyses. Results: The mean and standard deviations of the subjects’ age in this study was 9.89±1.36 years. According to the results we found significant changes (P<0.05) following AGE in obese group (BDNF = +33.80%, p=0.002, weight= -8.09%, p=0.001, body fat%= -12.81, p=0.001, body fat weight= -19.38, p=0.001, lean body weight= -3.20, p=0.001), and in normal-weight group just (BDNF= +31.36%, p=0.003). Significant differences were found among obese and normal-weight groups in weight, body fat%, body fat weight, and BDNF (p˂0.05). Conclusion Eight weeks anaerobic gymnastic training induces an increase in salivary BDNF levels in obese and normal-weight groups. Moreover, we demonstrated that weight decreased after our training protocol in obese children.
Carnitine deficiency during valproic acid treatment.

Prolonged valproic acid treatment results in secondary carnitine deficiency. In thirteen children paired samples of plasma were drawn at the onset of and after 9 months of continuous valproic acid treatment. At onset free plasma carnitine values were age dependent ; they increased during childhood (r = 0.59, p = 0.016). After 9 months : 1 - mean plasma free carnitine decreased by 40%, from 32.7 μmol/l to 20. 9 (p 0.0008 and 3% overlap) ; 2 - plasma total carnitine decreased by 20%, from 34.9 μmol/l to 27.1 (p 0.016 and no overlap) ; and 3 - the esterified/free carnitine ratio increased by 40%, from 0.28 to 0.39 (p 0.011 and no overlap). In two out of thirteen patients clinical symptoms were observed, fatigue, besides the biochemical evidence of carnitine deficiency. In four others only biochemical deficiency was found. If the child complains of fatigue during prolonged valproic acid treatment, it is advised to supplement carnitine. A dose of 15 mg/kg body weight is effective to reverse the clinical symptoms of carnitine deficiency within a week. The dose to prevent deficiency is not yet established.
Factor structure of the Albanian version of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS): Associations with the Brief Symptoms Inventory (BSI)

The measurement and assessment of the emergent symptoms in various psychotic disorders is essential to the delivery of efficacious, patient centred mental health care. Despite the existence of several instruments that can measure these factors, their applicability within a global context remains undetermined. This paper aims to provide evidence for a factor structure in Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS), tailored for use in the Albanian language. We recruited 106 patients with psychosis (68% male), who were aged 16 to 40 years old (M = 22, SD = 1.75), and treated in community services in Kosovo. We adapted, translated, and back-translated CAINS and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) before these measures were administered in interviews with the participants. According to Kaiser-Guttman’s criterion (i.e., eigen-value >1), four components were extracted from the original measure of CAINS. Using Principal Component Analysis, CAINS was found to be a valid means of measurement of motivation and pleasure in various life domains (social, recreational, and work/school). Intercorrelation existed not only between the BSI scale and the CAINS scales, but within the CAINS scales themselves. In contrast to the previous studies that found Expression and Motivation and Pleasure as two major factors, our results revealed four components. Thus, it may be that the culture plays a substantial role in the factor structure of CAINS, and it might be related to different appraisal of emotional situations, which are influenced by different socio-cultural practices. These results have global implications for clinical practice and future research.
Financial Performance Analysis of Banks with Topsis and Fuzzy Topsis Approaches

Banks are one of the key components in the world economy's financial activities. With the increasing competitive environment, banks need to use their resources effectively. Effective and efficient operation of banks is one of the important issues of money and financial markets. Effective operation of banks that are at the center of the economy, and measuring and evaluating their performances both determine their positions in the sector and have strategic importance on process management of the country’s economy. Determining which criteria and weights will be determined for performance is very important in the multi-criteria decision making process. Fuzzy techniques have more sensitivity in such evaluations. Fuzzy approaches are preferred as the risk, uncertainty and competition continue to increase in the banking sector. In this study, the criteria that affect the financial performance of banks are determined. Based on relevant criteria, the first seven banks were ranked in total assets according to reports received from The Banks Association of Turkey for 2014-2018 financial year and a performance evaluation was done by using the TOPSIS and Fuzzy TOPSIS methods.
Whakamanahia Te mātauranga o te Māori: empowering Māori knowledge to support Aotearoa’s aquatic biological heritage

ABSTRACT As Aotearoa New Zealand grapples with developing solutions to complex issues surrounding its unique freshwater and marine biological heritage, there is a growing recognition that mātauranga Māori can be ‘unlocked’ and used with great effect alongside western science. Examples where appropriate consideration and development of robust methodologies for the application of mātauranga Māori coexisting alongside western science are increasing. Unfortunately, despite the benefits that can be derived from this collaboration, the quality of engagement is not always satisfactory often due to poor interpersonal relationships and misidentification of the knowledge holders. By providing an appropriately historical context, this article is able to consider the critical issues now facing mātauranga and the Māori knowledge holders today, and fundamental requirements that will empower application of this knowledge within bio-heritage management. We consider how the development of a methodology between mātauranga Māori holders and potential end-users might contribute to improved outcomes for Aotearoa’s biological heritage.
What Role Does the Housing Market Play for the Macroeconomic Transmission Mechanism?

The main objective is to answer the question: What role does the housing market play for the transmission mechanism and (in particular) is the impact constant over time? The research question also includes analyzing the importance of the housing market for the transmission mechanism. We estimate an eight-variable structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model of the Swedish economy over the period 1993 and 2018 using quarterly data, covering both the internet bubble in 2000 and the financial crises in 2008. The results indicate that interest rates have both a direct effect on housing prices and an indirect impact through the bank lending channel. Over time, the traditional interest rate channel importance has been stable. On the other hand, the role of the bank lending channel has increased over time. Household debt has increased substantially in Sweden and elsewhere. That means that the interest rate sensitivity in society has increased. Based on the results, it is possible to evaluate and forecast potential house price effects (both direct and indirect) when the interest rate changes.