Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utility Max-Min Flow Control Using Slope-Restricted Utility Functions

We present a network architecture for the distributed utility max-min flow control of elastic and nonelastic flows where utility values of users (rather than data rates of users) are enforced to achieve max-min fairness. The proposed link algorithm converges to utility max-min fair bandwidth allocation in the presence of round-trip delays without using the information of users' utility functions. To show that the proposed algorithm can be stabilized not locally but globally, we found that the use of nonlinear control theory is inevitable. Even though we use a distributed flow-control algorithm, it is shown that any kind of utility function can be used as long as the minimum slopes of the functions are greater than a certain positive value. Though our analysis is limited to the single-bottleneck and homogeneous-delay case, we believe that the proposed algorithm is the first to achieve utility max-min fairness with guaranteed stability in a distributed manner
The Impact of Climate Change on the United States Economy: Estimated effects of climate change on selected outdoor recreation activities in the United States

Most previous published estimates of the economic costs of climate change (i.e. changes in temperature and precipitation) have given little attention to the effects on outdoor recreation. Nordhaus has not included any estimates of effects of climate change on recreation or recreationally used natural resources (Nordhaus, 1991, 1993). The National Academy of Sciences (1992 pp. 607–8) devotes only about two pages out of 900 to the issue. However, they indicate that outdoor recreation is more sensitive to climate change than other sectors of the economy due to recreation's close link to natural resources (National Academy of Sciences, 1992 p. 41). Ewert (1991 p. 366) also states that with respect to the effect of global climate change on recreation “… outdoor recreation is an example in which users have a direct interaction with the natural environment…” Cline (1992 pp. 122–3) includes only a rough estimate of the effect of climate change on snowskiing in his category of leisure activities. Even Fankhauser's recent book (1995) provides only a one paragraph discussion of recreation before concluding that “Unfortunately, data for monetary valuation are not available for either sector” (1995 p. 43). Fankhauser goes on to say “Nevertheless, the problem of greenhouse damage estimates is perhaps not so much the accuracy of the valuation methods as such, but the fact they have not yet been applied to the problem to a sufficient degree” (1995 p. 21).
Community participation in education : what do we know ?

The efforts to solve problems in education, and to provide quality education for children continue to seek ways to utilize the limited resources available more efficiently, efforts which have, in part, contributed to the realization of the significance of community participation in education, recognizing such participation as a strategy to improve educational access, and quality. This paper attempts to summarize issues regarding the understanding of community participation in education, i.e., how it works; what forms are used; what benefits it can yield; and, what we should expect in the process of carrying out those efforts. The paper also aims to examine the Bank's practices on community participation in its education projects, by scrutinizing a number of them.
Efficient Approximation of Optimal Control for Continuous-Time Markov GamesI,II

We study the time-bounded reachability problem for continuous-time Markov decision processes (CTMDPs) and games (CTMGs). Existing techniques for this problem use discretisation techniques to partition time into discrete intervals of size ε, and optimal control is approximated for each interval separately. Current techniques provide an accuracy of O(ε) on each interval, which leads to an infeasibly large number of intervals. We propose a sequence of approximations that achieve accuracies of O(ε), O(ε), and O(ε), that allow us to drastically reduce the number of intervals that are considered. For CTMDPs, the performance of the resulting algorithms is comparable to the heuristic approach given by Buchholz and Schulz [1], while also being theoretically justified. All of our results generalise to CTMGs, where our results yield the first practically implementable algorithms for this problem. We also provide memoryless strategies for both players that achieve similar error bounds. An extended abstract appeared in FSTTCS 2011 [2]. This work was partly supported by the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC) through the grants EP/H046623/1 ‘Synthesis and Verification in Markov Game Structures’ and EP/M027287/1 ‘Energy Efficient Control’, the Transregional Collaborative Research Center ”Automatic Verification and Analysis of Complex Systems” (SFB/TR 14 AVACS) of the DFG, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61428208, 61472473 and 61361136002), and the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams. ∗Corresponding author. Email addresses: john.fearnley@liverpool.ac. uk (John Fearnley), rabe@berkeley.edu (Markus N. Rabe), sven.schewe@liverpool.ac. uk (Sven Schewe), zhanglj@ios.ac. cn (Lijun Zhang) Preprint submitted to Elsevier December 8, 2015
Results of the Translation Inference Across Dictionaries 2021 Shared Task

The objective of the Translation Inference Across Dictionaries (TIAD) shared task is to explore and compare methods and techniques that infer translations indirectly between language pairs, based on other bilingual/multilingual lexicographic resources. In this forth edition the participating systems were asked to generate new translations automatically among three languages - English, French, Portuguese - based on known indirect translations contained in the Apertium RDF graph. Such evaluation pairs have been the same during the three last TIAD editions. The main novelty this time has been the use of a larger graph as a basis to produce the translations, which is the Apertium RDF v2, and the introduction of improved evaluation metrics. The evaluation of the results was carried out by the organisers against manually compiled language pairs of K Dictionaries. For the first time in the TIAD series, some systems beat the proposed baselines. This paper gives an overall description of the shard task, the evaluation data and methodology, and the systems’ results.
HORIZONTAL CURRENT BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR (HCBT) – A LOW-COST, HIGH-PERFORMANCE FLEXIBLE BICMOS TECHNOLOGY FOR RF COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS (e-mail: tom@zemris.fer.hr) AN IMPROVED SPECTRAL CLASSIFICATION OF BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS BASED ON EXTENDED SET OF INVARIANT

Japan Abstract . In an overview of Horizontal Current Bipolar Transistor (HCBT) technology, the state-of-the-art integrated silicon bipolar transistors are described which exhibit f T and f max of 51 GHz and 61 GHz and f T BV CEO product of 173 GHzV that are among the highest-performance implanted-base, silicon bipolar transistors. HBCT is integrated with CMOS in a considerably lower-cost fabrication sequence as compared to standard vertical-current bipolar transistors with only 2 or 3 additional masks and fewer process steps. Due to its specific structure, the charge sharing effect can be employed to increase BV CEO without sacrificing f T and f max . Moreover, the electric field can be engineered just by manipulating the lithography masks achieving the high-voltage HCBTs with breakdowns up to 36 V integrated in the same process flow with high-speed devices, i.e. at zero additional costs. Double-balanced active mixer circuit is designed and fabricated in HCBT technology. The maximum IIP3 of 17.7 dBm at mixer current of 9.2 mA and conversion gain of -5 dB are Dortmund, Germany Abstract . Boolean functions expressing some particular properties often appear in engineering practice. Therefore, a lot of research efforts are put into exploring different approaches towards classiﬁcation of Boolean functions with respect to various criteria that are typically selected to serve some speciﬁc needs of the intended applications. A classiﬁcation is considered to be strong if there is a reasonably small number of different classes for a given number of variables n and it it desirable that classiﬁcation rules are simple. A classiﬁcation with respect to Walsh spectral coefﬁcients, introduced formerly for digital system design purposes, appears to be useful in the context of Boolean functions used in cryptography, since it is in a way compatible with characterization of cryptographically interesting functions through Walsh spectral coefﬁcients. This classiﬁcation is performed in terms of certain spectral invariant operations. We show by introducing a new spectral invariant operation in the Walsh domain, that by starting from n≤5, some classes of Boolean functions can be merged which makes the classiﬁcation stronger, and from the theoretical point of view resolves a problem raised already in seventies of the last century. Further, this new spectral invariant operation can be used in constructing bent functions from bent functions represented by
Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control Problem Set: Deterministic Systems and the Shortest Path Problem

Figure 1: Our Quadrocopter. The quadrocopter control more realistic. As previously done in Problem Set #4, an infinite horizon LQR is used to control the sideways motion of a quadrocopter. However, this time, we do not assume that we have perfect state information. Actually, the only accessible state is the y position of the quadrocopter and, moreover, the control input as well as the measurement is corrupted by noise. More precisely, the quadrocopter dynamics are modelled as follows
Challenges in Conducting Empirical Work Using Structuration Theory : Learning from IT Research

Given the pervasiveness of information technology (IT) in human life at multiple levels – from individuals, to teams, organizations, markets, countries, and society – an increasing number of researchers have looked for alternative ways to study technology and organization interactions. One of the main perspectives that have been articulated by several researchers in IT is Giddens' structuration theory. However, the applicability of Giddens' concepts is not without difficulties. Two main points help explain the challenge of using a structurationist framework. First, structuration theory is complex, involving concepts and general propositions that operate at a high level of abstraction. Second, structuration theory is not easily coupled to any specific research method or methodological approach and it is difficult to apply empirically. Arguing that structuration theory is a valuable framework for a rich understanding of management, organization and related subjects of inquiry, this essay aims to discuss and improve the applicability of structuration theory to empirical work using IT research experience. It identifies and analyzes patterns of use of Giddens' theory in IT publications, and then describes how IT researchers using a structurationist framework have attempted to address its major empirical challenges. The paper presents a repertoire of research strategies that might guide students of organization in dealing with three elements that are central to structuration theory: time, context and duality of structure. The systematization of a repertoire of methodological strategies to apply Giddens' ideas is likely to increase the use of structuration theory, encouraging the improvement of existing, and the development of new, methodological strategies that ameliorate its empirical application. Résumé En raison de la place de plus en plus répandue qu'occupent les technologies de l'information (TI) dans les multiples sphères de la vie humaine-des individus, aux équipes, aux organismes, aux marchés, aux pays, et à la société-un nombre croissant de chercheurs ont tenté de trouver de nouvelles façons pour étudier les interactions de la technologie et de l'organisation. Une des principales perspectives qui ont été articulées par plusieurs chercheurs des TI est celle de la théorie de la structuration de Giddens. Cependant, l'applicabilité des concepts de Giddens n'est pas sans difficultés. Deux points importants expliquent le défi relatif à l'utilisation d'un cadre structurationniste. D'abord, la théorie de la structuration est complexe, impliquant des concepts et des propositions générales qui fonctionnent à un degré élevé d'abstraction. Ensuite, la théorie de la structuration est difficilement combinée à une méthode spécifique de recherches, …
Wireless Bidirectional Relaying Using Physical Layer Network Coding With Heterogeneous PSK Modulation

In bidirectional relaying using physical layer network coding (PLNC), it is generally assumed that users employ same modulation schemes in the multiple access phase. It may not be desirable for the users to always use the same modulation schemes, particularly when user-relay channels are not equally strong. Such a scheme is called heterogeneous PLNC where users employ different modulation schemes. In this paper, we provide a general analytical framework to find the network coding maps to be used at the relay during the broadcast phase, when the users employ heterogeneous, but symmetric phase-shift keying modulations. The fade state plane is partitioned into regions, where given network coding maps are employed. This partition has been obtained analytically, which is computationally efficient when compared to the computationally intensive approach taken by Zhang et al. which uses brute force computer-based search. Performance results are provided in terms of relay error rate and bit error rate.
Modelling Business Process Variability

A reference process model represents multiple variants of a common business process in an inte-grated and reusable manner. It is intended to be individualized in order to fit the requirements of a specific organization or project. This practice of individualizing reference process models provides an attractive alternative with respect to designing process models from scratch. In particular, it en-ables the reuse of proven practices. This chapter introduces techniques for representing variability in the context of reference process models, as well as techniques that facilitate the individualization of reference process model with respect to a given set of requirements.
Tectonics of Central and Eastern California, Late Cretaceous to Modern

The Late Cretaceous to Modern tectonic evolution of central and eastern California has been studied for many decades, with published work generally focusing on specific geographic areas and time periods. The resulting literature leaves the reader, whether graduate student, faculty member, or layperson, wondering what a coherently integrated tectonic evolution might look like, or if it would be at all possible to undertake such a task. This question is the common thread weaving together the four studies presented in this work. Each of the individual chapters is targeted at a specific location and time period which I have identified as a critical yet missing link in piecing together a coherent regional tectonic story. In the first chapter, we re-discover a set of major west down normal faults running along the western slope of the southern Sierra, the western Sierra fault system (WSFS). We show that one of these faults was offset by roughly a kilometer in Eocene time, and that this activity directly resulted in the incision of much of the relief present in modern Kings Canyon. The second chapter is a basement landscape and thermochronometric study of the hanging wall of the WSFS. New data from this study area provide a significant westward expansion of basement thermochronometric data from the southern Sierra Nevada batholith. Thermal modeling results of these data provide critical new constraints on the early exhumation of the Sierra Nevada batholith, and in the context of the results from Chapter I, allow us to piece together a coherent chronology of tectonic forcings and landscape evolution for the southern Sierra Nevada. In the third chapter, I present a study of the surface rupture of the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake, a dextral strike slip event on a fault in the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ). New constraints on the active tectonics in ECSZ will help future studies better resolve the enigmatic mismatch between geologic slip rates and geodetically determined regional rates. Chapter IV is a magnetostratigraphic pilot study of the Paleocene Goler Formation. This study provides strong evidence that continued investigation will yield new constraints on the depositional age of the only fossil-bearing Paleocene terrestrial deposit on the west coast of North America. Each of these studies aims to provide important new data at critical missing links in the tectonic evolution of central and eastern California.
Origin, pattern of bone metastasis and need for surgery in patients with Metastatic bone disease treated at tertiary hospital in Northern Tanzania. A hospital based cross sectional study

Introduction: Bones are the third most common sites for cancer metastasis after lung and liver. Bone metastasis cause skeletal complications (SREs) that affect the quality of life of patients with bone metastasis. Management of these patients depend on the primary tumor and pattern of bone metastasis. Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the origin, distribution pattern of bone metastases, common SREs and proportion of patients with bone metastasis that need surgery. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among cancer patients with Metastatic bone disease attending KCMC Hospital from November 2022 to April 2023. Data was collected from patients files, histopathology and radiology reports by a structured extraction sheet. VAS, SINS and Mirels scores was used to document pain severity, spinal instability and fracture risk respectively. The ASIA impairment scale was used for documenting neurological deficits in patients with spine metastasis. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 25.0 Results: A total of 72 participants were enrolled. Their mean age was 69 {+/-} 11 years and (75%) were male. Prostate cancer (65.3%) was the leading cause of metastatic bone disease followed by breast cancer (18.1%). Most of patients with MBD have multiple lesions (91.7%) involving multiple sites but the spine (93.1%) was the mostly affected site. Osteoblastic lesions were the predominant radiological type by 59.7% followed by osteolytic lesions which accounted for 23.6% of the study participants. 30.6% had pathological fractures and half of these occurred in patients with osteolytics lesions. 36.1% of the study participants had an indication for surgical treatment of the bone metastasis. Conclusion: Most of MBD originate from Prostate and Breast cancer giving multiple lesions involving multiple sites but the spine remains to be the most affected site. Even though about a third of the patients had SREs that needed surgical intervention but few are expected to be operated considering the prognosis. This calls for more emphasis on prevention of SREs and use of appropriate less invasive therapies to prevent progression of the disease.
Prevalence and correlates of Human Papillomavirus infection in females from Southern Province, Zambia: A cross-sectional study

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is strongly associated with cervical cancer with almost all cases being associated with the infection. Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women in Zambia and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. However, there is limited data on the burden and associated factors of HPV in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of HPV infection in the Southern province of Zambia. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Livingstone University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) among 4,612 women from different districts of the southern province being screened for HPV infection between September 2021 and August 2022. Demographic and clinical data were collected from an existing laboratory programmatic database. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the factors associated with HPV infection. Results The study participants had a median age of 39 years [interquartile range (IQR) 30, 47]. The prevalence of HPV infection was 35.56% (95%CI). At multivariable analysis, the factors associated with a positive HPV result were younger age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98-0.99; p. value 0.001), having provider collected sample (AOR 2.15; 95%CI 1.66 -2.79; p. value <0.001) and living with HIV (AOR 1.77; 95%CI 1.22 - 2.55; p. value <0.002). Conclusion The prevalence of HPV in women in the southern province of Zambia is high, and likely influenced by age and HIV status. Additionally, the outcome of the HPV test is affected by the sample collection method. Therefore, there is a necessity to enhance HPV and cervical cancer screening, especially among people with HIV.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LIKUIDITAS, PERTUMBUHAN, DAN INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY SET TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh profitabilitas, likuiditas, pertumbuhan, dan investment opportunity set terhadap nilai perusahaan sektor industri barang konsumsi di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan sektor industri barang konsumsi di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang berjumlah 37 perusahaan periode 2012-2014. Teknik penentuan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, sehingga sampel akhir yang didapatkan adalah 26 perusahaan yang tergabung dalam sektor industri barang konsumsi di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2012-2014. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji asumsi klasik dan analisis regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS 22 for windows. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: profitabilitas dan investment opportunity set berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan sektor industri barang konsumsi di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2012-2014, likuiditas dan pertumbuhan berpengaruh negatif namun tidak signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan sektor industri barang konsumsi di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2012-2014.