Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On mean values of the zeta-function

It is conjectured that for any k, Ik(T)~ckT(\ogTf (2) for some constant ck. It is well known that (2) holds for k = 0, 1 and 2 with c0 = 1, Cj = 1, and c2 = (2n )~, but there is not even a conjectural value of ck for any other k. However, it is known that the Riemann hypothesis implies Ik(T) > T{logTf, (3) for all k ^ 0 (see Ramachandra [2] and Heath-Brown [1]). Here we give a simple proof that the Riemann hypothesis, RH for short, implies Ik(T) > (c'k + o(\))T(logT) k2 (4) with an explicit value of c'k. If (2) is correct, then, on RH, c'k ^ ck. Since c0 = c'o and c, = c\ it could be that ck = c'k for 0 < k < 1.
Monolithic integration of InP HBT and HEMT by selective molecular beam epitaxy

InP-based HEMT and HBT device technologies have emerged as an attractive alternative to GaAs-based devices, particularly at millimeter wave frequencies, due to the superior transport properties of InP-based materials. Several research groups have demonstrated record performance for stand-alone InP HEMT and InP HBT technologies at the device and circuit levels. The ability to monolithically integrate high performance HEMTs and HBTs enables innovative circuit designs that take advantage of the strengths of each device technology. By matching the optimal device to its natural function, ultimate circuit performance can be achieved. For example, a HEMT low noise amplifier followed by an HBT high intercept amplifier would provide the highest dynamic range amplifier in comparison to a circuit made up of any one of the technologies. Previously, we have demonstrated this integration scheme for GaAs-based devices; now we report on the HEMT/HBT monolithic integration in the InP material system.
Uniform description of bulk observables in the hydrokinetic model of A+A collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the CERN Large Hadron Collider

A simultaneous description of hadronic yields; pion, kaon, and proton spectra; elliptic flows; and femtoscopy scales in the hydrokinetic model of A+A collisions is presented at different centralities for the top BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) 2.76-TeV energies. The initial conditions are based on the Glauber Monte-Carlo simulations. When going from RHIC to LHC energy in the model, the only parameters changed are the normalization of the initial entropy defined by the number of all charged particles in most central collisions, contribution to entropy from binary collisions and baryonic chemical potential. The hydrokinetic model is used in its hybrid version (hHKM), which provides the correct match (at the isochronic hypersurface) of the decaying hadron matter evolution with hadronic ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics cascade. The results are compared with the standard hybrid models where hydrodynamics and hadronic cascade are matching just at the non-space-like hypersurface of chemical freeze-out or on the isochronic hypersurface. The modification of the particle number ratios at LHC caused, in particular, by the particle annihilations at the afterburn stage is also analyzed.
Mineral bone disorder in children with chronic kidney disease: Data from the KNOW-Ped CKD (Korean cohort study for outcome in patients with pediatric chronic kidney disease) study

Background Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk of mineral bone disorder (MBD), which leads to fractures, growth retardation, and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to comprehensively understand the relationship between renal function and factors related to MBD and evaluate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of MBD, specifically among Korean patients from the KNOW-PedCKD cohort. Methods From the baseline data of the KNOW-PedCKD cohort, we examined the prevalence and distribution of MBD in 431 Korean pediatric CKD patients, including the level of corrected total calcium, serum phosphate, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23), serum vitamin D, fractional excretion of phosphate (FEP), and bone densitometry Z-scores. Results The median serum calcium level remained relatively normal regardless of the CKD stage. The levels of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D, urine calcium-to-creatinine ratio, and bone densitometry Z-score significantly decreased with advancing CKD stage, while those of serum phosphate, FGF-23, and FEP significantly increased with CKD stage. The prevalence of hyperphosphatemia (17.4%, 23.7%, and 41.2% from CKD stages 3b, 4, and 5, respectively) and hyperparathyroidism (37.3%, 57.4%, 55.3%, and 52.9% from CKD stages 3a, 3b, 4, and 5, respectively) significantly increased with the CKD stage. Prescriptions of medications, such as calcium supplements (39.1%, 42.1%, 82.4%), phosphate binders (39.1%, 43.4%, 82.4%), and active vitamin D (21.7%, 44.7%, and 64.7%) significantly increased with CKD stage 3b, 4, and 5, respectively. Conclusions The results demonstrated the prevalence and relationship of abnormal mineral metabolism and bone growth according to CKD stage in Korean pediatric CKD patients for the first time.
Looking Closely at Medusa: Star-forming Knots at the Center of NGC 4194

We report high-resolution ultraviolet and visible-wavelength imaging of the blue compact galaxy NGC 4194 (the Medusa) using the Hubble Space Telescope. A complete sample of 38 UV-bright knots is identified. These knots produce 20% of the ultraviolet emission from the area of the galaxy observed. The bright end of the knot flux distribution can be fitted by a power law with exponent α = -1.47 ± 0.27. The complete flux distribution is Gaussian. Comparison with starburst evolutionary tracks indicates that two-thirds of the knots are younger than 20 Myr. There is one concentration of very young knots less than 5 Myr old. The knot masses are large, comparable to those found in other major merger galaxies. The mass distribution is a power law with exponent -1.85 ± 0.24. The difference between the far-ultraviolet flux distribution and the mass distribution can be understood by the rapid decrease in a knot's far-ultraviolet flux due to stellar evolution. The star formation rate calculated from knots younger than 20 Myr is ∼6 M⊙ yr-1, suggesting that the star formation rate throughout the galaxy may be as high as 30 M⊙ yr-1. Estimates of knot stability suggest that at least half the knots are bound protoclusters and will become globular clusters in several gigayears. The location and masses of individual star-forming regions in NGC 4194 and the rate of star formation are typical of major merger galaxies.
Closed due to COVID-19: effects of indoor sports restrictions on suburban adults’ physical activity behaviours

ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, people have been required adaptations in leisure-time physical activity (PA) especially due to restrictive policies concerning indoor sport facilities (ISF). This study investigated the effects of the constraints on ISF among residents of two low socioeconomic status suburbs in Finland. Research questions were: (1) Are sociodemographic characteristics associated with a reduced use of ISF during the pandemic? (2) Are sociodemographic characteristics associated with changes in the overall PA amount among those respondents with a reduced use of ISF? (3) Is the reduced use of ISF associated with an increased use of other PA environments (home environment, built outdoor facilities, unbuilt nature, and streets)? Three rounds of survey data (December 2020, February 2021, and June 2021) were collected (total n = 738) and analysed using descriptive statistics and binary and multinomial logistic regressions. A risk of reduced use of ISF was associated with the female gender, higher education, and higher reported PA level. Among those who had reduced their use of ISF, a decrease in overall PA was associated with the female gender and a non-native language. In general, PA declined, but indoor PA was often replaced through other environments. The constraints on ISF seem to not have intensified the socioeconomic polarisation of PA. Versatile PA environments available in the suburbs may have mitigated the negative effects. Public sport administration should continue to pay attention to the provision of diverse PA environments.
Intertextuality and ideology: Social actor’s representation in handling of COVID-19 from China daily

As one of the major venues for articulating and disseminating national agendas and opinion discourse, national newspapers play a critical role in promulgating ideology. Underpinned by Intertextuality and Social Actor Theory, this study explores intertextual aspects of China Daily’s reporting of COVID-19 to unearth hidden ideology behind texts. The analysis reveals diversified voices from multiple actors around the globe, with China’s official leaders appearing most frequently. In the portrayal of social actors, some strategies like impersonalisation, and genericisation are utilised to add impersonal authority or power to an actor’s activity, actant’s engagement, and increase the trustworthiness of news. These reprsentational strategies belies a transformation in Chinese media discourse with a softer approach is used in wielding ideological intentions through journalistic practices of intertextuality. Our findings help to unravel how news texts draw on, echo, and bring together multiple intertextual resources realised in the forms of discourses. The circulations, dissemination and incorporation of these intertextual relations and practices construct specific understandings of ideology consolidation and public relations within the context of China and its response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Satellite remote sensing of a low-salinity water plume in the East China Sea

With the aim to map and monitor a low-salinity water (LSW) plume in the East China Sea (ECS), we developed more robust and proper regional algorithms from large in-situ measurements of apparent and inherent optical properties (i.e. remote sensing reflectance, R rs , and absorption coefficient of coloured dissolved organic matter, a CDOM ) determined in ECS and neighboring waters. Using the above data sets, we derived the following relationships between visible R rs and absorption by CDOM, i.e. R rs (412)/ R rs (555) vs. a CDOM (400) (m −1 ) and a CDOM (412) (m −1 ) with a correlation coefficient R 2 0.67 greater than those noted for R rs (443)/ R rs (555) and R rs (490)/ R rs (555) vs. a CDOM (400) (m −1 ) and a CDOM (412) (m −1 ). Determination of a CDOM (m −1 ) at 400 nm and 412 nm is particularly necessary to describe its absorption as a function of wavelength λ using a single exponential model in which the spectral slope S as a proxy for CDOM composition is estimated by the ratio of a CDOM at 412 nm and 400 nm and the reference is explained simply by a CDOM at 412 nm. In order to derive salinity from the absorption coefficient of CDOM, in-situ measurements of salinity made in a wide range of water types from dense oceanic to light estuarine/coastal systems were used along with in-situ measurements of a CDOM at 400 nm, 412 nm, 443 nm and 490 nm. The CDOM absorption at 400 nm was better inversely correlated ( R 2 =0.86) with salinity than at 412 nm, 443 nm and 490 nm ( R 2 =0.85–0.66), and this correlation corresponded best with an exponential ( R 2 =0.98) rather than a linear function of salinity measured in a variety of water types from this and other regions. Validation against a discrete in-situ data set showed that empirical algorithms derived from the above relationships could be successfully applied to satellite data over the range of water types for which they have been developed. Thus, we applied these algorithms to a series of SeaWiFS images for the derivation of CDOM and salinity in the context of operational mapping and monitoring of the springtime evolution of LSW plume in the ECS. The results were very encouraging and showed interesting features in surface CDOM and salinity fields in the vicinity of the Yangtze River estuary and its offshore domains, when a regional atmospheric correction (SSMM) was employed instead of the standard (global) SeaWiFS algorithm (SAC) which revealed large errors around the edges of clouds/aerosols while masking out the nearshore areas. Nevertheless, there was good consistency between these two atmospheric correction algorithms over the relatively clear regions with a mean difference of 0.009 in a CDOM (400) (m −1 ) and 0.096 in salinity (psu). This study suggests the possible utilization of satellite remote sensing to assess CDOM and salinity and thus provides great potential in advancing our knowledge of the shelf-slope evolution and migration of the LSW plume properties in the ECS.
Are There Non-Causal Explanations (of Particular Events)?

Philosophers have proposed many alleged examples of non-causal explanations of particular events. I discuss several well-known examples and argue that they fail to be non-causal. 1 Questions 2 Preliminaries 3 Explanations That Cite Causally Inert Entities 4 Explanations That Merely Cite Laws I 5 Stellar Collapse 6 Explanations That Merely Cite Laws II 7 A Final Example 8 Conclusion 1 Questions 2 Preliminaries 3 Explanations That Cite Causally Inert Entities 4 Explanations That Merely Cite Laws I 5 Stellar Collapse 6 Explanations That Merely Cite Laws II 7 A Final Example 8 Conclusion
High-resolution spectroscopic observations of the D${'}$-type symbiotic stars HD 330036 and AS 201

We present high-resolution spectroscopic analyses of two stars classified as D � -type symbiotic stars, HD 330036 and AS 201. These two stars display both rapid rotation and enhancements of the s-process elements that are synthesized via slow neutron captures during stellar evolution along the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). Both characterisitics of rapid rotation and s-process overabundances have also been discovered recently in another D � -type symbiotic, S190. The stellar parameters derived here for HD 330036 are Teff = 6200 K and log g = 2.4, while AS 201 has Teff = 6000 K and log g = 2.3. Resulting luminosity and distance estimates are 650 Land 2.3 kpc for HD 330036, and 700 Land 4.3 kpc for AS 201. Both HD 330036 and AS 201 have evolved away from the main sequence and are approaching the base of the red-giant branch. These stars have near-solar abundances of iron and calcium, but substanial enhancements (by about +0.9 dex for HD 330036 and +1.7 dex for AS 201) of the s-process element barium. The observed barium overabundances in the current cool-star members of these two binary systems probably resulted from mass-transfer when the current white dwarf was an AGB star. The rapid rotation found in the cool stars may also be due to mass-transfer, with the mass-gaining stars being spun up with the transfer of angular momentum from the AGB winds. As only a few (six) D � -type symbiotics are known, the fact that the 3 studied to date at high-spectral resolution all display rapid rotation and s-process elemental overabundances may indicate that these two traits are signatures of these rare binary systems.
Recent Bibliography on Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics and Related Topics (1995—1998)

As in the two previous bibliographical reviews [J. Non-Equilib. Thermodyn. 17 (1992) 383-396, and 21 (1996) 103-121], we comment in the present paper the bibliography appeared on extended irreversible thermodynamics and closely related topics, with the aim to outline the progress and debates in this field. The period considered covers from May 1995 to May 1998.
Expanding the Spectrum of BRAF Non-V600E Mutations in Thyroid Nodules: Evidence-Based Data from a Tertiary Referral Centre

The BRAF p.V600E mutation represents the most specific marker for papillary thyroid carcinoma and is potentially related to aggressive behavior and persistent disease. BRAF alterations other than the p.V600E are less common in thyroid carcinoma and represent an alternative mechanism of BRAF activation with unclear clinical significance. The study aims to describe the frequency and clinicopathologic characteristics of BRAF non-V600E mutations in a large cohort (1654 samples) of thyroid lesions characterized by next-generation sequencing. BRAF mutations have been found in 20.3% (337/1654) of thyroid nodules, including classic (p.V600E) mutation in 19.2% (317/1654) of samples and non-V600E variants in 1.1% of cases (19/1654). BRAF non-V600E alterations include 5 cases harboring p.K601E, 2 harboring p.V600K substitutions, 2 with a p.K601G variant, and 10 cases with other BRAF non-V600E alterations. BRAF non-V600E mutations have been reported in one case of follicular adenoma, three cases of conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma, eight cases of follicular variant of papillary carcinomas, one case of columnar cell variant papillary thyroid carcinoma, one case of oncocytic follicular carcinoma, and two bone metastasis of follicular thyroid carcinoma. We confirm that BRAF non-V600E mutations are uncommon and typically found in indolent follicular-patterned tumors. Indeed, we show that BRAF non-V600E mutations can be found in tumors with metastatic potential. However, in both aggressive cases, the BRAF mutations were concomitant with other molecular alterations, such as TERT promoter mutation.
Effect of nonthermal electrons on the shock formation in a laser driven plasma

In the laser-driven inertial fusion schemes and specifically in the shock ignition concept, non thermal electrons may be generated. By depositing their energy far from the origin, they can significantly modify the target hydrodynamics. It is shown in this paper that these electrons may affect the laser-driven shock formation and its propagation through the target. These changes are induced by the target heating and depend on the electron energy spectrum. Furthermore, results of some passive diagnostic may be misinterpreted, indicating an apparent different pressure.
Mucin and Agitation Shape Predation of Escherichia coli by Lytic Coliphage

The ability of bacteriophage (phage), abundant within the gastrointestinal microbiome, to regulate bacterial populations within the same micro-environment offers prophylactic and therapeutic opportunities. Bacteria and phage have both been shown to interact intimately with mucin, and these interactions invariably effect the outcomes of phage predation within the intestine. To better understand the influence of the gastrointestinal micro-environment on phage predation, we employed enclosed, in vitro systems to investigate the roles of mucin concentration and agitation as a function of phage type and number on bacterial killing. Using two lytic coliphage, T4 and PhiX174, bacterial viability was quantified following exposure to phages at different multiplicities of infection (MOI) within increasing, physiological levels of mucin (0–4%) with and without agitation. Comparison of bacterial viability outcomes demonstrated that at low MOI, agitation in combination with higher mucin concentration (>2%) inhibited phage predation by both phages. However, when MOI was increased, PhiX predation was recovered regardless of mucin concentration or agitation. In contrast, only constant agitation of samples containing a high MOI of T4 demonstrated phage predation; briefly agitated samples remained hindered. Our results demonstrate that each phage–bacteria pairing is uniquely influenced by environmental factors, and these should be considered when determining the potential efficacy of phage predation under homeostatic or therapeutic circumstances.
Metallodrugs against Breast Cancer: Combining the Tamoxifen Vector with Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes

The luminal A-subtype of breast cancer, where the oestrogen receptor α (ERα) is overexpressed, is the most frequent one. The prodrug tamoxifen (1) is the clinically used agent, inhibiting the ERα activity via the formation of several active metabolites, such as 4-hydroxytamoxifen (2) or 4,4′-dihydroxytamoxifen (3). In this study, we present the tamoxifen derivative 4-[1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)but-1-en-2-yl]-2,2′-bipyridine (4), which was combined with platinum or palladium dichloride, the former a well-known scaffold in anticancer treatment, to give [PtCl2(4-κ2N,N′)] (5) or [PdCl2(4-κ2N,N′] (6). To prevent fast exchange of weakly coordinating chlorido ligands in aqueous solution, a bulky, highly stable and hydrophobic nido-carborate(−2) ([C2B9H11]2−) was incorporated. The resulting complexes [3-(4-κ2N,N′)-3,1,2-PtC2B9H11] (7) and [3-(4-κ2N,N′)-3,1,2-PdC2B9H11] (8) exhibit a dramatic change in electronic and biological properties compared to 5 and 6. Thus, 8 is highly selective for triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 = 3.7 μM, MTT test), while 7 is completely inactive against this cell line. The observed cytotoxicity of compounds 4–6 and 8 against this triple-negative cell line suggests off-target mechanisms rather than only ERα inhibition, for which these compounds were originally designed. Spectroscopic properties and electronic structures of the metal complexes were investigated for possible explanations of the biological activities.
A two probes scanning phaseless near-field far-field transformation technique

An innovative and effective technique to determine the far-field of a radiating system from near-field intensity data is introduced, analyzed, and tested. The approach is based on the simultaneous measurement of the amplitude of the voltages received by two different probe antennas moving over a single scanning surface in the near zone and performs the phase retrieval of the near-field by assuming as unknown the plane wave spectrum of the field. The radiated field is then straightforwardly evaluated. As compared to the existing phaseless measurement techniques, the use of two different probes makes it possible to avoid the need for a second scanning surface and thus allows the use of smaller (and cheaper) anechoic chambers. Furthermore, the measurement time is essentially equal to that required by conventional techniques based on the measurement of the complex near-field. The reliability and the effectiveness' of the approach are investigated and discussed and the key factors affecting its behavior are highlighted. In particular, the relevance of the difference between the plane wave spectra (PWS) of the two probe antennas in ensuring an acceptable reliability of the solution, with respect to the starting point of the procedure, is outlined. Finally, the effectiveness of the approach is confirmed by an extensive numerical analysis, which also shows the stability of the solution against data noise.
Kleinian groups with real parameters

We find all real points of the analytic space of two generator Mobius groups with one generator elliptic of order two. Geometrically this is a certain slice through the space of two generator discrete groups, analogous to the Riley slice, though of a very different nature. We obtain applications concerning the general structure of the space of all two generator Kleinian groups and various universal constraints for Fuchsian groups.
Open Resonator Technique of Non-Planar Dielectric Objects at Millimeter Wavelengths

This paper provides a reliable dielectric measurement theory of the open resonator for non-planar objects such as convex- concave objects. It is the flrst time that the complete analytical formulas of the complex permittivity are presented by means of the second-order theory of the open resonator and fleld matching method. Furthermore, a measurement system is designed and built at Ka band, and the consistency of the results between planar and non- planar samples verifles the accuracy of the new theory. Finally, the experimental error analysis is investigated.