Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concentration, Life Stage, Feeding, Density, Flow, and Strain Effects on Formalin Sensitivity in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Simple Summary Chemical compounds such as formalin are commonly used to prevent fungal infections on fish eggs and treat external parasites on hatchery-reared fish. However, exposure to formalin can cause mortality, depending on the concentration used and the rearing conditions under which the fish are being treated. Strains within a species can also differ in their sensitivity to formalin. Four experiments were conducted to evaluate egg and fingerling mortality of four strains of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to a range of formalin concentrations. How mortality was affected by the conditions under which rainbow trout were being treated was also examined. Strains exhibited differential sensitivity to formalin in both the egg and fingerling life stages. Hatchery rearing conditions were also found to differentially affect mortality, both within and across strains. Therefore, formalin concentration, rearing conditions, and potential strain differences in sensitivity should be considered prior to initiating large-scale formalin treatments. Abstract Formalin is one of the most widely used and effective chemotherapeutic compounds for treatment of fungal infections and external parasites of fish eggs and fish. However, exposure to formalin can cause mortality in eggs and fingerlings, dependent upon the concentration used and the rearing conditions in which fish are treated. Additionally, strains within a species can exhibit differential susceptibility to formalin. Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the differential sensitivity to formalin of four rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) strains in both the egg and fingerling life stages. Eggs were exposed to concentrations of 1667, 2000, and 5000 ppm formalin, and sensitivity differed among the strains when formalin concentration exceeded 2000 ppm. Exposure to higher formalin concentrations (i.e., 5000 ppm) as eggs did not increase mortality when fish were re-exposed to concentrations of 0, 167, 250, or 500 ppm formalin at 77 mm total length (TL). Fish size affected formalin sensitivity, with larger fish (128 mm TL) exhibiting higher rates of mortality than fish ≤ 77 mm TL when exposed to 250 ppm formalin. The effects of crowding, feeding, flow, and density on the formalin sensitivity of 77 mm TL fish were also investigated. Mortality increased in fish crowded away from the inflow to prevent contact with formalin as it entered the tank, potentially the result of an increase in density index within the crowded tanks. Feeding fish on the day they were treated caused mortality to increase by 5.4 to 8.8% in fish exposed to 167 and 250 ppm formalin, respectively, and mortality differed by strain. Reducing flows by half resulted in doubled to quadrupled mortality, and increased densities resulted in increased mortality in some strains but not others. Hatchery managers should consider what effect rearing conditions and formalin concentrations might have on the strain of fish being treated, prior to large-scale treatment.
Human impact recorded in lake environment (Charzykowskie Lake, N Poland) during the last 6,200 years

: Mirosław-Grabowska, J., Zawisza, E. , Obremska, M. , Kowalczyk, J., Zbucki, Ł. and Tobolski, K. 2023. Human impact recorded in lake environment (Charzykowskie Lake, N Poland) during the last 6,200 years. Acta Geologica Polonica , 73 (X), xxx–xxx. Warszawa. Based on geochemical and biological investigations of a 6-m-long sediment core, a reconstruction of the environmental conditions in Charzykowskie Lake (northern Poland) is presented. The analyzed sediments consist of fine calcareous detritus gyttja interbedded by lake marl. The results of palynological analysis document the vegetation development around and in the studied lake and confirm the middle and late Holocene age of the sedimentation of the deposits. The identification of 22 taxa of subfossil Cladocera shows the biodiversity of the fauna and reflects the changes in the trophic and water level. The concentrations of various chemical elements suggest the origin of the sediments. Geochemical, including isotope, and biological data, made it possible to reconstruct the environmental conditions, as well as traces of human influence over the last ca. 6,200 years. Four stages of human impact have been documented by the pollen data. The first traces of human groups in the vicinity of Charzykowskie Lake are preserved in sediments from about 4,000 years ago. The human activity is poorly recorded in the Cladocera and in the geochemical compositions of the lake sediments, probably due to the size and depth of the lake and its isolation.
Multipartite graph clustering for structured datasets and automating ortholog extraction

The problem of clustering a structured dataset, where besides pair-wise similarities between objects, there is additional prior information about partitioning of objects into predefined classes, is important in many fields, yet has been inadequately studied. A natural and powerful representation for this problem is a multipartite graph, where the vertices represent the objects and the partite sets the predefined classes, enabling work with multiple levels of relationships simultaneously. The clustering problem itself is formulated as the iterative finding of multipartite quasi-cliques. We have used the quasi-concave set functions for modeling clusters. This model is realized by associating any multipartite subset with a score that assesses the homogeneity among elements in that subset. Using the degree of membership of the least similar element in the subset as the score, a cluster is defined as the subset with the highest score. Properties of this score function allow the global solution of this optimization problem to be found efficiently. Further improvements in speed have been achieved by careful implementation choices, making it suitable for use with very large datasets. The method has been tested and evaluated on gene function annotation and ortholog clustering problems in comparative genomics: given a set of genetic sequences along with the information about the species they belong to, the objective is to find evolutionarily related genes performing similar functions across species. Our clustering results are highly consistent with the expertly curated ortholog clusters on a set of 43 genomes. The method was also applied for functionally annotating Rice proteins based on ortholog clusters from cereal genomes and yielded highly accurate annotations based on gene functional and structural similarity. As demonstration of the broader applicability of the method, it was applied to two problems in computer vision with encouraging results.
Recent Third Pole’s Rapid Warming Accompanies Cryospheric Melt and Water Cycle Intensification and Interactions between Monsoon and Environment: Multidisciplinary Approach with Observations, Modeling, and Analysis

The Third Pole (TP) is experiencing rapid warming and is currently in its warmest period in the past 2,000 years. This paper reviews the latest development in multidisciplinary TP research associated with this warming. The rapid warming facilitates intense and broad glacier melt over most of the TP, although some glaciers in the northwest are advancing. By heating the atmosphere and reducing snow/ice albedo, aerosols also contribute to the glaciers melting. Glacier melt is accompanied by lake expansion and intensification of the water cycle over the TP. Precipitation has increased over the eastern and northwestern TP. Meanwhile, the TP is greening and most regions are experiencing advancing phenological trends, although over the southwest there is a spring phenological delay mainly in response to the recent decline in spring precipitation. Atmospheric and terrestrial thermal and dynamical processes over the TP affect the Asian monsoon at different scales. Recent evidence indicates substantial roles that mesoscale convective systems play in the TP’s precipitation as well as an association between soil moisture anomalies in the TP and the Indian monsoon. Moreover, an increase in geohazard events has been associated with recent environmental changes, some of which have had catastrophic consequences caused by glacial lake outbursts and landslides. Active debris flows are growing in both frequency of occurrences and spatial scale. Meanwhile, new types of disasters, such as the twin ice avalanches in Ali in 2016, are now appearing in the region. Adaptation and mitigation measures should be taken to help societies’ preparation for future environmental challenges. Some key issues for future TP studies are also discussed.
Aerobic methanotrophy increases the net iron reduction in methanogenic lake sediments

In methane (CH4) generating sediments, methane oxidation coupled with iron reduction was suggested to be catalyzed by archaea and bacterial methanotrophs of the order Methylococcales. However, the co-existence of these aerobic and anaerobic microbes, the link between the processes, and the oxygen requirement for the bacterial methanotrophs have remained unclear. Here, we show how stimulation of aerobic methane oxidation at an energetically low experimental environment influences net iron reduction, accompanied by distinct microbial community changes and lipid biomarker patterns. We performed incubation experiments (between 30 and 120 days long) with methane generating lake sediments amended with 13C-labeled methane, following the additions of hematite and different oxygen levels in nitrogen headspace, and monitored methane turnover by 13C-DIC measurements. Increasing oxygen exposure (up to 1%) promoted aerobic methanotrophy, considerable net iron reduction, and the increase of microbes, such as Methylomonas, Geobacter, and Desulfuromonas, with the latter two being likely candidates for iron recycling. Amendments of 13C-labeled methanol as a potential substrate for the methanotrophs under hypoxia instead of methane indicate that this substrate primarily fuels methylotrophic methanogenesis, identified by high methane concentrations, strongly positive δ13CDIC values, and archaeal lipid stable isotope data. In contrast, the inhibition of methanogenesis by 2-bromoethanesulfonate (BES) led to increased methanol turnover, as suggested by similar 13C enrichment in DIC and high amounts of newly produced bacterial fatty acids, probably derived from heterotrophic bacteria. Our experiments show a complex link between aerobic methanotrophy and iron reduction, which indicates iron recycling as a survival mechanism for microbes under hypoxia.
The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Financial Performance with Corporate Social Responsibility as Moderating Variable: Studies on Islamic Commercial Banks

This study aims to determine the influence of Intellectual Capital and the moderating of Corporate Social Responsibility to financial performance of Islamic banks. The data in this study used secondary data using the IB reports for the years 2010-2021. The independent variable used is IC as measured by Human Capital Efficiency, Structural Capital Efficiency, and Capital Employed Efficiency, and Corporate Social Responsibility as moderating variable. While the dependent variable used is ROA and ROE as the measure of financial performance. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis with data panel models. The results showed that IC as measured by HCE has positive and no significant effect, SCE has positive and significant effect, and CEE has negative and significant effect on financial performance. and as a moderating variable, CSR negatively weakens the relationship between HCE and SCE and financial performance, while CSR positively strengthens the relationship between CEE and financial performance.
Global stability condition for collocation methods for volterra integral equations of the second kind

The solution of the Volterra integral equation with degenerate kernel pt n y(t) = g(t)+ ^2a i (t)b i (s)y{s)ds i t > 0, is bounded provided that g and Y^ l a iWI a re bounded, and bj,j = 1,2,. ,n are absolutely integrable. It is shown that under the same hypotheses this property is inherited by the numerical solution resulting from applying exact collocation methods to this equation.
The effects of the Tigrai siege on household livelihoods and coping strategies in Mekelle City, Ethiopia

ABSTRACT This study examines the effects of the Tigrai war and siege on household livelihood sources and identifies the coping mechanisms adopted in Mekelle City. A cross-sectional household survey of randomly selected respondents was conducted and analysed using a coping strategy index and descriptive analysis. The results revealed that most of the respondents lost their livelihoods due to the war and siege. The study also confirmed that households with the pre-war occupations of government employee, handcrafter, daily labourer, and metal- and woodworker suffered the most. The study concludes that the siege has interrupted the livelihoods of the people in Mekelle City and most of them are waiting for humanitarian food aid. This study advises households to diversify their income sources to cope with man-made shocks and thereby reduce risk. It also recommends that the international community intervene and support the warring parties to settle their political differences peacefully.
Minimally Invasive Isolated Aortic Valve Replacement in a Potential TAVI Cohort of Patients Aged ≥ 75 Years: A Propensity-Matched Analysis

(1) Background and Objectives: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is guideline-recommended from the age of 75. However, this European guideline recommendation is based on limited evidence, since no interaction between age and primary outcome has been found in guideline-stated references. This study aimed to compare the short-term outcomes of minimally invasive isolated aortic valve replacement in patients aged ≥ 75 with those of younger patients; (2) Patients and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 1339 patients who underwent minimally invasive isolated aortic valve replacement at our facility between 2014 and 2022. This cohort was divided into two age-based groups: <75 and ≥75 years. Operative morbidity and mortality were compared between groups. Further analysis was performed using propensity score matching; (3) Results: After matching, 347 pairs of patients were included and analyzed. Despite the higher EuroSCORE II in the ≥75 group (2.2 ± 1.3% vs. 1.80 ± 1.34%, p ≤ 0.001), the 30-day mortality (1.4% vs. 1.2%; p = 0.90) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, such as perioperative myocardial infarction (0.0% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.12) and stroke (1.4% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.06), were comparable between both treatment groups; (4) Conclusions: Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement is a safe treatment method for patients aged ≥ 75. Our results indicate that the unilateral cut-off of 75 years is not a limiting factor for performing minimally invasive aortic valve replacement.
A Novel Method to Analyze the Relationship between Thermoelectric Coefficient and Energy Disorder of Any Density of States in an Organic Semiconductor

In this work, a unified method is proposed for analyzing the relationship between the Seebeck coefficient and the energy disorder of organic semiconductors at any multi-parameter density of states (DOS) to study carrier transport in disordered thermoelectric organic semiconductors and the physical meaning of improved DOS parameters. By introducing the Gibbs entropy, a new multi-parameter DOS and traditional Gaussian DOS are used to verify this method, and the simulated result of this method can well fit the experiment data obtained on three organic devices. In particular, the impact of DOS parameters on the Gibbs entropy can also influence the impact of the energy disorder on the Seebeck coefficient.
A meta-analysis on the effectiveness of the stem approach on students’ mathematical creative thinking ability

Studies on the effectiveness of STEM implementation in Mathematics learning, especially in mathematical creative thinking ability carried out by previous researchers, are interesting to be studied. However, several studies have shown different results that can lead to different interpretations. This study aims to estimate dan examine the effectiveness of STEM on students' mathematical creative thinking ability from the relevant studies. This study analyzed 12 primary studies from various electronic search engines within the year of publication from 2017 to 2022. All primary studies in this research were analyzed using the meta-analysis with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0 (CMA 3.0) software by selecting the formula of Hedge to determine its effect size. The results of this meta-analysis study indicated that the STEM approach was effective for students' mathematical creative thinking abilities with an effect size of 0,935 in the category of high effect. There were differences in the effect size of the STEM approach on students' mathematical creative thinking abilities regarding STEM integration with learning models and educational levels. This means that the type of integration of the STEM approach with the learning model and educational level significantly causes heterogeneity in students' mathematical creative thinking abilities. The results of this study are expected to provide educators with an overview of how STEM can be applied in mathematics learning, especially in improving mathematical creative thinking ability.
The synthesis of Paris saponin VII mainly occurs in leaves and is promoted by light intensity

Unraveling the specific organs and tissues involved in saponin synthesis, as well as the light regulatory mechanisms, is crucial for improving the quality of artificially cultivated medicinal materials of Paris plants. Paris saponin VII (PS VII), a high-value active ingredient, is found in almost all organs of Paris plant species. In this study, we focused on Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand. - Mzt. (PPY) and found that PS VII synthesis predominantly occurs in leaves and is increased by high light intensity. This intriguing discovery has unveiled the potential for manipulating non-traditional medicinal organ leaves to improve the quality of medicinal organ rhizomes. The analysis of the impact of organ differences on saponin concentration in P. polyphylla var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara (PPC), P. fargesii Franch. (PF), and PPY revealed consistency among the three Paris species and was mainly dominated by PS VII. Notably, the leaves and stems exhibited much higher proportions of PS VII than other organs, accounting for 80–90% of the four main saponins. Among the three Paris species, PPY had the highest concentration of PS VII and was selected for subsequent experiments. Further investigations on saponin subcellular localization, temporal variation, and stem wound fluid composition demonstrated that PS VII is synthesized in mesophyll cells, released into the intercellular space through exocytosis, and then transported to the rhizome via vascular tissue. These findings confirm the significant role of leaves in PS VII synthesis. Additionally, a 13C-glucose feeding to trace PS VII biosynthesis revealed that only PS VII in the leaves exhibited incorporation of the labeled carbon, despite conducting 13C-glucose feeding in leaves, stems, rhizomes, and roots. Thus, the leaves are indeed the primary organ for PS VII synthesis in PPY. Furthermore, compared with plants under 100 μmol m−2 s−1, plants under 400 μmol m−2 s−1 exhibited a higher PS VII concentration, particularly in the upper epidermal cells of the leaves. We propose that high light intensity promotes PS VII synthesis in leaves through three mechanisms: (1) increased availability of substrates for saponin synthesis; (2) protection of leaves from high light damage through enhanced saponin synthesis; and (3) enhanced compartmentalization of saponins within the leaves, which in turn feedback regulates saponin synthesis.
Ultrasonographical Evaluation of Placenta Previa in Scarred and Unscarred Uterus in a Tertiary Care Centre

Objectives Placenta previa is characterised as the placenta implant in the lower uterine segment, wholly or partially covering the internal os. Uterine scars from surgical operations are a potential factor of placenta previa. The present study aims to estimate the role of ultrasound in determining the incidence of placenta previa in the scarred and unscarred uterus. Also, it aims to evaluate the types of placenta previa in the scarred and unscarred uterus. Methods This hospital-based, prospective, observational study was performed from September 2021 to August 2022 among patients referred to the Department of Radiology, Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College and Hospital (FAAMCH), Barpeta, Assam. Written informed consent was obtained from the subjects. Transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography methods were used to assess placenta previa. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) considering a p-value < 0.05 as significant. Results Out of the 517 subjects with bleeding per vagina, 41 (7.9%) were diagnosed with placenta previa by ultrasonography. The mean maternal age was 27.80 ± 5.36 years, and the most prevalent age group was 20-24 years (31.71%). The majority (70.73%) of cases had scarred uterus. The most prevalent placental position was fundo-body anterior. Complete placenta previa was present in 26% of the total cases in the present study. Conclusion The incidence of placenta previa in the scarred uterus was higher than that of the unscarred uterus. The high prevalence of placenta previa in women with scarred uterus necessitates improved monitoring and management to avoid disastrous outcomes.
Structural change, labor market and employment in brazil after the 2017 labor market reform

The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of the set of measures adopted by the labor reform of 2017 on the generation of employment and income in Brazil. The study is based on the literature that highlights the importance of structural change in employment as a key element for economic growth and development, emphasizing that in Brazil, there is still a view that the labor market should take on more flexible work relationships to advance in the improvement of jobs, levels of employment, productivity and income. Subsequently, the article summarizes and critically comments on the main measures of the labor law reforms adopted in post-2017 Brazil. Finally, it presents an analysis of the behavior of the labor market in Brazil between 2012 and 2022 based on data from the PNADC/IBGE survey. The main results of the survey confirm that the labor reform of 2017 has not shown advances in labor market indicators or in the main macroeconomic aggregates of the country. In contrast, the data suggest deterioration in the indicators of employment, income and allocation of workers in occupations with low productivity and income characteristics.