Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cartilage contains mixed fibrils of collagen types II, IX, and XI

The distribution of collagen XI in fibril fragments from 17-d chick embryo sternal cartilage was determined by immunoelectron microscopy using specific polyclonal antibodies. The protein was distributed throughout the fibril fragments but was antigenically masked due to the tight packing of collagen molecules and could be identified only at sites where the fibril structure was partially disrupted. Collagens II and IX were also distributed uniformly along fibrils but, in contrast to collagen XI, were accessible to the antibodies in intact fibrils. Therefore, cartilage fibrils are heterotypically assembled from collagens II, IX, and XI. This implies that collagen XI is an integral component of the cartilage fibrillar network and homogeneously distributed throughout the tissue. This was confirmed by immunofluorescence.
Testing the Predictive Validity and Construct of Pathological Video Game Use

Three studies assessed the construct of pathological video game use and tested its predictive validity. Replicating previous research, Study 1 produced evidence of convergent validity in 8th and 9th graders (N = 607) classified as pathological gamers. Study 2 replicated and extended the findings of Study 1 with college undergraduates (N = 504). Predictive validity was established in Study 3 by measuring cue reactivity to video games in college undergraduates (N = 254), such that pathological gamers were more emotionally reactive to and provided higher subjective appraisals of video games than non-pathological gamers and non-gamers. The three studies converged to show that pathological video game use seems similar to other addictions in its patterns of correlations with other constructs. Conceptual and definitional aspects of Internet Gaming Disorder are discussed.
A Markov Property for Covariance StructuresA

The problem of formulating covariance structures between two random variables or random vectors arises in many elds. One way to specify a covariance structure for a set of random variables deened at each point on a product space is by a Kronecker product form. Then the speciication requires only a covariance structure on each of the component spaces. This note proves that a simple Markov-like assumption on the random variables implies that their covariance structure must, apart from an arbitrary scaling , follow a Kronecker product form. When a more restricted version of the Markov property is assumed, an autoregressive or Ornstein-Uhlenbeck form arises. 1. Covariance structures Consider random variables f(x; y) deened for all x 2 X and y 2 Y. Each of the sets X and Y may be nite or innnite. In either case, but particularly when they are innnite, one might refer to f(;) as a stochastic process on the product space X Y. We are interested in the structure of covariances between this set of random variables. Denote the covariance between f(x; y) and f(x 0 ; y 0) by
Track selection in multifunction radars for multi-target tracking: An anti-coordination game

In this paper, a track selection problem for multi-target tracking in a multifunction radar network is studied using the concepts from game theory. The problem is formulated as a non-cooperative game, and specifically as an anti-coordination game, where each player aims to differ from what other players do. The players' utilities are modeled using a proper tracking accuracy criterion and, under different assumptions on the structure of these utilities, the corresponding Nash equilibria are characterized. To find an equilibrium, a distributed algorithm based on the best-response dynamics is proposed. Finally, computer simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in a multi-target tracking scenario.
ScholarWorks@UARK ScholarWorks@UARK

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the usage of multiple image blurring techniques and determine their effectiveness in combatting facial detection algorithms. This type of analysis is anticipated to reveal potential flaws in the privacy expected from blurring images or, rather, portions of images. Three different blurring algorithms were designed and implemented: a box blurring method, a Gaussian blurring method, and a differential privacy-based pixilation method. Datasets of images were collected from multiple sources, including the AT&T Database of Faces. Each of these three methods were implemented via their own original method, but, because of how common they are, box blurring and Gaussian blurring were also implemented utilizing the OpenCV open-source library to conserve time. Extensive tests were run on each of these algorithms, including how the blurring acts on color and grayscale images, images with and without faces, and the effectiveness of each blurring algorithm in hiding faces from being detected via the popular open-source OpenCV library facial detection method. Of the chosen blurring techniques, the differential privacy blurring method appeared the most effective against mitigating facial detection.
Exact linearization and fuzzy logic applied to the control of a Magnetic Levitation System

In recent years the area of nonlinear control systems has been the subject of many studies. Computational developments have enabled more complex applications to provide solutions to nonlinear problems. The purpose of this paper is to use a combination of two techniques to control a nonlinear system: the Magnetic Levitation System. First, the exact linearization technique with state feedback is applied to obtain a linear system. Second, the linearization is made via direct cancellation of nonlinear functions, which represent the phenomenological model of the system. Finally, to deal with the presence of uncertainty in the system model, an adaptive controller is used. The controller is based on fuzzy logic to estimate the functions that contain the nonlinearities of the system. The fuzzy system is a zero-order Takagi-Sugeno-Kang structure and the adaptive controller is implemented in a simulated environment (Matlab Simulink ©). The methodology guarantees the convergence of the estimates to their optimal values, and in turn the overall stability of the system. The results show the controller output signal tracks a reference input signal. For future work this adaptive controller should be implemented in a real physical system.
Bone Health Nutrition Issues in Aging

Bone health is an important issue in aging. Calcium and vitamin D currently have the most focus in published research on nutrition and bone health in aging, although evidence from published research is not conclusive. A systematic review was conducted to determine the impact of dietary and supplemental interventions focused on calcium and vitamin D over the past 10 years. Using key words to search, and search limits (aging population, English), 62 papers were found related to diet, nutrition, and bone; and 157 were found related to calcium and bone. Our review found a positive effect on bone health for supplements; food-based interventions; and educational strategies. Although there may be a publishing bias related to non-significant findings not being published, our results suggest the effectiveness of food based and educational interventions with less economic impact to the individual, as well as less risk of physiological side effects occurring.
Detrital zircon record of rivers' sediments in the North Qilian Orogenic Belt: Implications of the tectonic evolution of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

The North Qilian Orogenic Belt (NQOB) is an important element of the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, and several rivers run along it. Zircon U–Pb dating, trace elements, and Hf isotopic data derived from the sediments carried by the rivers have been used to deduce the crustal evolution of the NQOB. U–Pb ages obtained from detrital zircons found in the sediments of the Zamu, Zhuanglan, and Beida rivers can be divided into five major age groups, that is, 2,600–1,500, 1,500–1,100, 1,100–650, 550–400, and 360–150 Ma, and the corresponding peaks occur at ~2,450, ~1,750, ~950, ~450, and ~250 Ma. Archean components, which may be derived from the ancient continental nucleus in the region, are rare in the river sediments. The zircon grains with ages of 360–150 Ma are most likely related to crustal thickening and decompression melting in a post‐collisional tectonic setting. The age distribution patterns indicate that the sediments carried by the Zamu, Zhuanglang, and Beida rivers are derived from the NQOB. Furthermore, the Hf isotopic compositions of Meso‐ and Neoarchean, Mesoproterozoic, Grenvillian, Pan‐African, Caledonian, and Hercynian zircon age groups exhibit a wide range of εHf (t) values, suggesting diverse sources. The existence of strongly negative εHf (t) values among the Grenvillian and Paleoproterozoic zircons indicates that the source magma included reworked Palaeoarchean crustal materials. New results indicate that continental rifting and the opening of the Qilian Ocean occurred at 775–520 Ma; the subduction and closure of the Qilian Ocean occurred at 520–440 Ma; arc–continent collision and continental subduction occurred at 440–420 Ma; and orogen collapse and extension occurred at 400–360 Ma. Our study indicates that the formation of the NQOB was mainly related to the evolutionary history of the Proto‐Tethys Ocean.
Implementation of A Routine Genetic Evaluation of Milk Coagulation Properties in Italian Holstein Using a Mixed Reference Population of Bulls and Cows

Cheese production is one of the most important segments of the agrifood sector in Italy and milk coagulation properties (MCP) are a key factor for an efficient cheesemaking process. Milk coagulation properties, referred as rennet coagulation time (RCT), curd firmness (a30) and curd-firming time (k20), are available from mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) prediction models implemented within the official national milk recording system (LEO project, PSRN mis 16.2, AIA, 2023). Aim of this study was to assess the possibility to genetically improve MCP in Italian Holstein population and to develop a routine genetic evaluation for such traits. A multiple-trait repeatability linear animal model was employed, with RCT, a30, k20 and casein percentage (CAS) as outcome variables. Fixed effects were the interaction between year and season of recording, between parity (1,2+), year and age at calving class (7 classes) and between parity, year and days in milk class (10 classes). Random effects were contemporary groups, animal permanent environment, animal additive genetic and residuals. The models for RCT, a 30 and k 20 accounted also for somatic cell score as covariate. A total of 64,720 records from 150 herds, randomly sampled from the full dataset of 4,001,769 observations after edits, were used for variance components estimation using THRGIBBS1F90. The pedigree was traced back to 4 generations and was composed of 59,124 individuals. Convergence was assessed using R package BOA. The posterior mean (PM) for heritability was 0.33 for CAS, 0.11 for RCT, 0.16 for a30, and 0.15 for k20. The genetic correlation between RCT and a30 was -0.87, highlighting their antagonistic relationship; the same conclusion can be drawn from the correlation between k20 and a30 (-0.98). RCT and K20 were positively correlated (0.77). CAS was negatively genetically correlated to both RCT and k20 (-0.04 and -0.76, respectively), and positively to a30 (0.51). A SNPBLUP model was employed for estimating genomic breeding values (GEBV) using two distinct training populations: solely bulls and both bulls and cows (mixed reference population). The validation of GEBVs, conducted with complete and partial datasets (with a three-year back cutoff date for phenotypes), consistently demonstrated that employing a mixed training population results in reduced dispersion and heightened reliability for these traits. These results showed the feasibility of selecting for MCP improvement within the Italian Holstein population. Furthermore, they establish the foundation for implementing a routine genetic evaluation aimed at enhancing cheese production, utilizing a mixed reference population for SNP effects estimation.
Studies of the hydrodynamic evolution of matter produced in fluctuations in p-barp collisions and in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions.

In this first paper of a series of two, we present a comprehensive study of the hydrodynamic evolution of matter produced in the central region of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions and in high-multiplicity fluctuations of p-barp-italic collisions. We shall begin with a discussion of the limits of the applicability of a perfect-fluid hydrodynamic description of high-energy collisions. A simple bag-model equation of state is argued to have qualitative and semiquantitative features expected from lattice gauge theory and present theoretical understanding. We also discuss the boundary conditions for the perfect-fluid hydrodynamic equations, and what classes of simple events would correspond to simple initial conditions. The decoupling of matter at low energy density and methods for computing transverse-momentum distributions of hadrons are analyzed. We finally present the details of the computer code which we use to numerically solve the hydrodynamic equations.
Shared Participatory Research Principles and Methodologies: Perspectives from the USA and Brazil—45 Years after Paulo Freire’s “Pedagogy of the Oppressed”

The trajectory of participation in health research by community social actors worldwide has been built on a history of community participation from the Ottawa Charter Health Promotion call for community mobilization, to the emancipatory educational philosophy of Paulo Freire, to social movements and organizing for health and social justice. This paper builds on this history to expand our global knowledge about community participation in research through a dialogue between experiences and contexts in two prominent countries in this approach; the United States and Brazil. We first focus on differences in political and scientific contexts, financing, and academic perspectives and then present how, despite these differences, similarities exist in values and collaborative methodologies aimed at engaging community partners in democratizing science and knowledge construction. We present three case studies, one from the U.S. and two from Brazil, which illustrate similar multi-level processes using participatory research tools and Freirian dialogue to contribute to social mobilization, community empowerment, and the transformation of inequitable societal conditions. Despite different processes of evolution, we observed a convergence of participatory health research strategies and values that can transform science in our commitment to reduce health and social inequities and improve community wellbeing.
Recurrent ∼24 h Periods in RXTE ASM Data

Abstract Analysis of data from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer satellite's All Sky Monitor (ASM) instrument for several X-ray binary sources has identified a recurrent ∼24 h period. This period is sometimes highly significant, giving rise to the possibility of it being identified as an orbital or super-orbital period. Further analysis has revealed the same period in a number of other X-ray sources. As a result this period has been discounted as spurious, described variously as arising from daily variations in background levels, the scheduling of ASM observations and beating between the sampling period and long-term secular trends in the light curves. We present here an analysis of the spurious periods and show that the dominant mechanism is in fact spectral leakage of low-frequency power present in the light curves.
BAL1/ARTD9 represses the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic IFN&ggr;–STAT1–IRF1–p53 axis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Summary The B-aggressive lymphoma-1 protein and ADP-ribosyltransferase BAL1/ARTD9 has been recently identified as a risk-related gene product in aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). BAL1 is constitutively expressed in a subset of high-risk DLBCLs with an active host inflammatory response and has been suggested to be associated with interferon-related gene expression. Here we identify BAL1 as a novel oncogenic survival factor in DLBCL and show that constitutive overexpression of BAL1 in DLBCL tightly associates with intrinsic interferon-gamma (IFN&ggr;) signaling and constitutive activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1. Remarkably, BAL1 stimulates the phosphorylation of both STAT1 isoforms, STAT1&agr; and STAT1&bgr;, on Y701 and thereby promotes the nuclear accumulation of the antagonistically acting and transcriptionally repressive isoform STAT1&bgr;. Moreover, BAL1 physically interacts with both STAT1&agr; and STAT1&bgr; through its macrodomains in an ADP-ribosylation-dependent manner. BAL1 directly inhibits, together with STAT1&bgr;, the expression of tumor suppressor and interferon response factor (IRF)-1. Conversely, BAL1 enhances the expression of the proto-oncogenes IRF2 and B-cell CLL/lymphoma (BCL)-6 in DLBCL. Our results show for the first time that BAL1 represses the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic IFN&ggr;–STAT1–IRF1–p53 axis and mediates proliferation, survival and chemo-resistance in DLBCL. As a consequence constitutive IFN&ggr;–STAT1 signaling does not lead to apoptosis but rather to chemo-resistance in DLBCL overexpressing BAL1. Our results suggest that BAL1 may induce an switch in STAT1 from a tumor suppressor to an oncogene in high-risk DLBCL.
Debunking the 'digital native': beyond digital apartheid, towards digital democracy

This is the accepted version of the following article: Brown, C. & Czerniewicz, L. 2010. Debunking the 'digital native': beyond digital apartheid, towards digital democracy. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 26(5): 357-369. , which has been published in final form at: http://dx.doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2010. 00369.x.
Fast 3D symmetric pattern indexing for modeling, tracking and detection of semantic objects

Most existing approaches to detecting semantic objects in a video use an object detector to locate the target object in the first frame, which is followed by an object tracking to locate objects in successive frames. However, automatic modeling, tracking and detecting semantic-rigid objects remain a challenge since the object shapes are deformable across video frames. This paper presents an analytical method to detect the 3D symmetric pattern in a small video cube. A symmetric pattern indexing and retrieval scheme is also proposed to speed up the model-based tracking in order to detect semantic objects across frames. The Generalized Hough Transform (GHT) is used to add spatial constraints on these symmetric patterns to define the average shape of the target object in a small video slice. In the stage of model-based tracking, the rigid motion of the target object is estimated by rigid registration in both the color space and the Hough voting space. Experimental results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed method in terms of segmentation accuracy.
Introduction to X-ray microanalysis in biology.

This paper gives an introduction to X-ray microanalysis for biologists. The physical principles of X-ray microanalysis and the instrumentation used in wavelength-dispersive and energy-dispersive analysis are reviewed. A special problem in biological microanalysis is the adequate preparation of the specimen: The preparative method must retain the localization of the element(s) of interest and allow identification of morphological features at the level of analytical resolution. Conventional preparation methods for electron microscopy have only a limited applicability in biological X-ray microanalysis, and often cryomethods have to be used. Methods for qualitative analysis and some common pitfalls and artefacts are discussed. The possibilities and limitations of electron-probe X-ray microanalysis with regard to biological specimens are compared to those of other microanalytical techniques.
Fate map of serotonin transporter‐expressing cells in developing mouse heart

Serotonin regulates cardiovascular functions during embryogenesis and adulthood. However, the source of serotonin in the cardiovascular system and the role of circulating serotonin and serotonin transporter (SERT) in the regulation of cardiovascular functions are still unclear. We used a cell fate approach to map the regions of the mouse heart expressing SERT, utilizing a Cre/loxP system driven by SERT gene expression. Cell labelling was first detected at E10.5 and was mapped until E18.5. We found labelling in the outflow tract, part of right ventricle and to a very limited extent in the left ventricle. Interestingly, the distribution pattern of SERT‐fated cells was remarkably similar to that obtained with markers of the second heart field lineage. In addition, we observed staining of atrioventricular valves, consistent with valvular abnormalities observed in SERT‐/‐animals. Overall, our data reveal specific and regionally restricted distribution of SERT‐expressing cells in the developing heart of mouse. genesis 45:689–695, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ICI Mitigation for OFDM Using PEKF

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is widely known as the promising broadband wireless communication technology due to the high spectral efficiency and robustness to the multi-path interference. However, the inter-carrier interference (ICI) caused by Doppler frequency offset is an important issue for OFDM in high mobility. In this paper, the method to mitigate ICI for OFDM system is investigated, and a novel ICI mitigation method using planar extended Kalman filter (PEKF) is proposed to reduce the ICI effects. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed ICI mitigation method in this letter outperforms traditional ICI mitigation methods.
Discriminative Output Coding Features for Speech Recognition

This paper presents a novel approach of discriminative acoustic feature extraction for speech recognition using output coding technique. A high dimensional feature space for higher discriminative capability is constructed by expanding MFCC coefficients with polynomial expansion. In order to fit the discriminative features in the hidden Markov model structure of speech recognition, the high dimensional feature vectors are further projected into a low dimensional feature space using the output scores of a set of SVMs. Each of the SVMs is trained in one phone versus the rest manner so that each of the resulting feature dimensions can provide effective information to differ one phone from the others. The discriminative features have been evaluated in the speech recognition task of the TIMIT corpus, and 72.18% phone accuracy has been achieved.