Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipids in Health and Disease

Background: Chronic inflammation is a key player in pathogenesis. The inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factoralpha is a well known inflammatory protein, and has been a therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis and Crohn's Disease. Obesity is a well known risk factor for developing non-insulin dependent diabetes melitus. Adipose tissue has been shown to produce tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which has the ability to reduce insulin secretion and induce insulin resistance. Based on these observations, we sought to investigate the impact of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid in the presence of TNF-α in terms of insulin production, the molecular mechanisms involved and the in vivo effect of a diet high in oleic acid on a mouse model of type II diabetes, KKAy. Methods: The rat pancreatic beta cell line INS-1 was used as a cell biological model since it exhibits glucose dependent insulin secretion. Insulin production assessment was carried out using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and cAMP quantification with competitive ELISA. Viability of TNF-α and oleic acid treated cells was evaluated using flow cytometry. PPAR-γ translocation was assessed using a PPRE based ELISA system. In vivo studies were carried out on adult male KKAy mice and glucose levels were measured with a glucometer. Results: Oleic acid and peanut oil high in oleic acid were able to enhance insulin production in INS-1. TNF-α inhibited insulin production but pre-treatment with oleic acid reversed this inhibitory effect. The viability status of INS-1 cells treated with TNF-α and oleic acid was not affected. Translocation of the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor transcription factor to the nucleus was elevated in oleic acid treated cells. Finally, type II diabetic mice that were administered a high oleic acid diet derived from peanut oil, had decreased glucose levels compared to animals administered a high fat diet with no oleic acid. Conclusion: Oleic acid was found to be effective in reversing the inhibitory effect in insulin production of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. This finding is consistent with the reported therapeutic characteristics of other monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, a diet high in oleic acid, which can be easily achieved through consumption of peanuts and olive oil, can have a beneficial effect in type II diabetes and ultimately reverse the negative effects of inflammatory cytokines observed in obesity and non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Published: 26 June 2009 Lipids in Health and Disease 2009, 8:25 doi:10.1186/1476-511X-8-25 Received: 26 May 2009 Accepted: 26 June 2009 This article is available from: http://www.lipidworld. com/content/8/1/25 © 2009 Vassiliou et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of soil salinity on artichoke (Cynara cardunculus [L.] subsp. scolymus Hayek)

Results of a field research to study soil salinity effects on artichoke (cv. Catanese) are reported. Salinity decreased leaves number, plant height, number and basal thickness of offshoots, mean weight and number of heads. Threshold and slope values confirm literature's indications that classify artichoke among the species moderately salt tolerant. Threshold, slope and ECe50 values for heads yield in weight were 3.9 dS m(-1), 8.5% m dS(-1) and 9.9 dS m(-1), respectively; for the number of heads, a higher tolerance was observed with threshold value of 5.2 dS m(-1), a slope of 8.5% m dS(-1) and an ECe(50) of 11.1 dS m(-1). For the shoot dry mass it was observed a threshold value (3.8 dS (m-1)) slightly lower, a slope value much lower (5.9 % m dS(-1) ) and, consequently, an higher ECe50 (12.3 dS( m-1)) than that referred for heads yield in weight. Furthermore salinity increased heads dry matter and caused heads atrophy.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) More different than similar: values in political speeches of leaders from developed and developing countries

of Basic Human Values, we found that "benevolence," "universalism," "stimulation," "self-direction," and "achievement" were most present in all speeches. However, "universalism" and "benevolence" were most present in speeches from developed countries while "stimulation" and "self-direction" in speeches from developing countries. Speeches also differed in terms of tones attached to words expressing the values. This study finds that there are more differences than similarities in the use of values in speeches from developed and developing countries. in
Analyzing the Dynamics of Riverine Nitrate and Dissolved Organic Matter in Watersheds Impacted by Agricultural Inputs.

GURLEY, JOHN WALTER. Analyzing the Dynamics of Riverine Nitrate and Dissolved Organic Matter in Watersheds Impacted by Agricultural Inputs. (Under the direction of William J. Showers.) The spatial variation in chemical parameters of nitrate and dissolved organic matter (DOM) were analyzed in four small streams located within agricultural watersheds of the Black River Sub-basin in Sampson County, North Carolina. In situ riverine nitrate concentrations were measured at a high-spatial resolution (~2 m) in two gaining streams to determine sources and sinks at a reach scale (< 15 km). Concentrations were stable at lengths ranging from hundreds of meters to kilometers but showed significant increases below inputs from smaller streams and open ditch agricultural drains and decreases related to organic debris dams. Nitrate dynamics were largely a function of source and method of transport to the stream with artificial drainages contributing significant amounts of nitrate to the streams and little to no in-stream reduction occurring in absence of dam-induced slowing of downstream transport. While debris dams may facilitate in-stream nitrate reduction, the spatial consistency of concentrated artificial drainage inputs more than offsets this removal. Analysis of land use/land cover revealed significant correlations between the proportion of agricultural land (r = 0.78) and wetland cover (r = -0.93) of input drainage basins adjacent to stream transects and nitrate concentration in the main streams. Spatial variation of DOM composition was evaluated across four streams at varying discharge using excitation emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Three allochthonous humic-like components (C1-C3) and one autochthonous humic-like component (C4) were validated with PARAFAC. C1 represented recalcitrant terrestrial humic-like material and was ubiquitous across streams. C2 and C3 were suggestive of less degraded soil humic-like material and related positively to discharge. A negative correlation existed between C1 and nitrate, while C2 and C3 were positively correlated with nitrate. These relationships suggest that nitrate from shallow soils is likely the largest source of nitrate during rain events. C4 represented autochthonous production and showed a significant increase related to low discharge. This indicates that physical and climatic factors that control stream flow may play an important role in the degree of primary production in these streams. Analyzing the Dynamics of Riverine Nitrate and Dissolved Organic Matter in Watersheds Impacted by Agricultural Inputs by John Walter Gurley A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences Raleigh, North Carolina 2011
Active deformation in southern Italy, Sicily and southern Sardinia from GPS velocities of the Peri-Tyrrhenian Geodetic Array (PTGA)

Campaign measurement (1995-2000) of Global Positioning System (GPS) site velocities in southern Italy, Central Mediterranean area, document differential displacements within the orogens rimming the Tyrrhenian Sea. Within, the Southern Apennines, GPS velocities define two laterally juxtaposed belts of deformation, with transpression in the east and transtension in the west. In the east, -8 mm/yr convergence.between northern Murge-Gargano block and the International GPS System (IGS) site MATE is partitioned across -east-west striking right-lateral faults, consistent with seismicity and with the offshore geological record. To the south, in northern Calabria, site velocities relative to MATE indicate transpression at approximately 5 mm/yr, not recorded by seismicity but consistent with the on-land and offshore geological, record. In contrast, site velocities along the Tyrrhenian Sea coast to the west diverge from MATE at 2-3-5 mm/yr, and are consistent with the crustal extension documented by seismicity and fault slip studies. The transpressional belt is tracked south-ward across the Ionian Sea by oblique convergence of central Sicily sites (2-6 mm/yr) relative to the IGS site NOTO in the Hyblean block. North-western Sicily sites display clockwise rotation, a pattern reflected in the geological and paleomagnetic record. Ssignificant horizontal motion accompanies rotation in north-western Sicily and is probably accommodated by west-northwest--east-southeast and northeast-southwest-striking right- and left-oblique faults, respectively, consistent with a regional approximately north-northwest--south-southeast trending shortening axis. The approximately east-west striking belt of contractional earthquakes observed offshore northern Sicily is consistent with up approximately 10 mm/yr geodetic convergence between Sicily and Sardinia. Southern Sardinia sites exhibits differential velocities relative to the IGS site CAGL, suggesting internal deformation which is not recorded by seismicity and might signal incipient fragmentation of the Sardinia margin in response to relative convergence with Sicily.
An Assessment Of Ecological Processes In The Apalachicola Estuarine System, Florida

The following is a compilation of field data collected in 2011 and 2012 in Apalachicola, FL. Many coastal communities, both natural and developed, will soon be working to mitigate the effects of sea level rise, if they are not already doing so. This thesis investigates the natural patterns of the Apalachicola estuarine system through the collection and analysis of in situ water, sediment, and biomass samples. Additionally, results of the field samples are presented and recommendations for additional beneficial samples are given. The field methods and procedures developed in this study were designed to be repeated in other estuaries to build upon the work that has been conducted in Apalachicola. Water samples were tested for total suspended solids (TSS) and compared against hydrodynamic (tidal circulation and streamflow) and meteorological (wind and precipitation) characteristics. Wind strength and direction appeared to be the dominant forcing on TSS concentration fluctuation, which was amplified by the shallow nature of the estuary. Sediment cores throughout the lower Apalachicola River revealed that coarse particles settled out in upstream areas while fine particles tended to stay in suspension until low energy areas in the lower portions of the river or marsh system were reached. Finally, biomass samples were used to validate regression models utilizing remotely sensed data to predict biomass density in marsh areas with unprecedented accuracy. The documented patterns of this system are to be used as inputs and validation points to update an existing hydrodynamic model, and to aid in the coupling and development of sediment transport and marsh equilibrium models. The field campaign developed and implemented here provides a foundation for this novel coupled modeling effort of estuarine systems. Ultimately, these models will be used to simulate future sea level rise scenarios and will provide useful decision making tools to coastal managers. Future work will include replicating water sampling in subsequent wet and dry seasons in Apalachicola, FL, in addition to implementing this sampling in Grand Bay, MS and Weeks Bay, AL. Additional biomass samples will be taken to validate the strong correlations found between remotely sensed data and in situ samples. In similar studies, it is recommended that water samples be taken to adequately represent influences from tidal cycles and riverine inflow. It is also recommended that an ample amount of biomass samples be taken to validate regression models.
Effects of Complement C5 on Apoptosis in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis1

Complement activation is involved in the initiation of Ab-mediated inflammatory demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). At a sublytic dose, the C5b-9 membrane attack complex protects oligodendrocytes (OLG) from apoptosis. Using C5-deficient (C5-d) mice, we previously showed a dual role for C5: enhancement of inflammatory demyelination in acute EAE, and promotion of remyelination during recovery. In this study, we investigated the role of C5 in apoptosis in myelin-induced EAE. In acute EAE, C5-d and C5-sufficient (C5-s) mice had similar numbers of total apoptotic cells, whereas C5-s had significantly fewer than C5-d during recovery. In addition, although both groups of mice displayed TUNEL+ OLG, there were significantly fewer in C5-s than in C5-d during both acute EAE and recovery. Gene array and immunostaining of apoptosis-related genes showed that Fas ligand expression was higher in C5-s. In C5-s mice, Fas+ cells were also higher than in C5-d mice in acute EAE; however, these cells were significantly reduced during recovery. Together, these findings are consistent with the role of C5, possibly by forming the membrane attack complex, in limiting OLG apoptosis in EAE, thus promoting remyelination during recovery.
Above‐Ground Biomass Estimation with High Spatial Resolution Satellite Images

Assessment and monitoring of forest biomass are frequently done with allometric functions per species for inventory plots. The estimation per area unit is carried out with an extrapolation method. In this chapter, a review of the recent methods to estimate forest above‐ground biomass (AGB) using remote sensing data is presented. A case study is given with an innovative methodology to estimate above‐ground biomass based on crown horizontal projection obtained with high spatial resolution satellite images for two evergreen oak species. The linear functions fitted for pure, mixed and both compositions showed a good performance. Also, the functions with dummy variables to distinguish species and compositions adjusted had the best performance. An error threshold of 5% corresponds to stand areas of 8.7 and 5.5 ha for the functions of all species and compositions without and with dummy variables. This method enables the overall area evaluation, and it is easily implemented in a geographic information system environment.
Climate Controls on a Mountain Stream of a Humid Temperate Region

COCINA JR., FRANK G. , M.S., June 2006. Geological Sciences Climate Controls on A Mountain Stream of a Humid Temperate Region (104 pp.) Director of Thesis: Gregory S. Springer Streams are vital components of many ecosystems and link many earth and biologic systems. Understanding stream behavior is essential to understanding fluvial effects on ecosystems, however, streams are highly sensitive to climate fluctuations. Stream paleohydrologies provide insight into climate effects and extend modern stream data. Paleohydrologic studies have been successfully employed in arid climates, but rarely humid climates. Stream-derived sediments preserved in caves can potentially provide insight into the paleohydrology of humid climate streams. Two caves along the Greenbrier River, West Virginia contain well-preserved flood deposits, which radiocarbon dating shows ages as old as 4010 yrs, that have been used to create a paleoflood history for the river. Floral composition determined from δC values from the deposits demonstrates the response of the watershed and its response to climate change during sediment deposition. These proxies provide a means for understanding paleohydrology and paleoclimate for southeastern West Virginia during the late Holocene. Approved: Gregory S. Springer Assistant Professor of Geological Sciences Acknowledgements There are many individuals that aided me in the completion of this my thesis, the most influential by far was by Dr. Gregory S. Springer. As my Advisor, he supplied support academically, financially, and technically that without, this thesis would have never materialized. I greatly appreciate everything he has done for me over the past two years both working on my thesis, revitalizing my interest in caving, and involving me in projects other than my own. Thanks to the West Virginia Association for Cave Studies (WVACS) for use of their field station all through the summer of 2005 to do my fieldwork and for the generous research I was awarded. To Dr. Harry Rowe from the Geological Sciences Department of Kentucky University for use of his Mass Spectrometry lab and the processing of samples for my thesis. To Dr. Gregory Nadon and Dr. Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch for support in preparing my thesis and whose constant interest in my progress were greatly appreciated. To the rest of the faculty and staff of the Department of Geological Sciences at Ohio, thank your help and support in classes and on my project. Thanks to Kelsey McNamara whose energy, good nature, and hard work as my field assistant aided immensely in data and sample collection in the caves, including the digging a 6 ft. deep trench. Thanks to the rest of the Geological Sciences graduate students for help, support and friendship over the past two years. Finally, to my parents, thank you for your love and support throughout my entire education. Without the values and outlook that you instilled in my up bringing, I would not have achieved as much as I have thus far. Table of
Sighting records of the Malabar Pied Hornbill In Chandgad taluk, Kolhapur, Southern Maharashtra, India

Malabar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus is distributed across the Eastern Himalayas, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Melghat Tiger Reserve of Maharashtra, West Bengal, Northern Eastern Ghats, Western Ghats and Srilanka (Kazmierczak 2000, Ali 2002, Jaypal et al. 2005, Grimmitt and Inskipp 2007, Grimmett et al. 2011). Malabar Pied Hornbill is well documented in Western Ghats and reported that, AmboliGoa-Dandeli and Ganeshgudi are strong hold places and key areas for its conservation (Mudappa and Raman 2009, Sneha and Davidar 2011). In my previous word (Pratibha Riswadkar and N. C. Hiragond, 2015; Hiragond, NC 2014) described different birds findings and In this paper we report the sighting records of Near Threatened bird Malabar Pied Hornbill (IUCN Red List, 2012) in Chandgad taluk of Kolhapur in Sahyadris of southern Western Ghats of Maharashtra. Chandgad is located between 6941000m asl and witness rainfall between 3000 to 5000 mm/year. Survey was conducted in Tillari, Parle, Tudiye, Mhalunge and Malatwadi area of Chandgad (latitude 150 45’ to 160 3’ North & longitude 740 1’ to 740 27’ East) between 06h30 to 11h00 hrs and 14h00 to18h30 hrs during December 2010 to April 2012 for the period of 17 months. Survey was not conducted during the rainy season from June to August and in October month. The birds were directly observed by using 10 x 50 Olympus binoculars and identified using field guides by Kazmierczak (2000) and Grimmett et al. (2011). Survey was made along the edge of Tillari dam and its back water, along the water streams in forest, along the irrigation canal, roadside, inside the forest and in open lands of the study area. We applied opportunistic sighting, point count and line transact methods for bird watching.
Reflection imaging with earthquake sources and dense arrays

The Mw 5.8 earthquake that occurred in Louisa County, Virginia, on 23 August 2011 provided an opportunity to record with several “high density” seismic arrays, in addition to traditional, sparse temporary seismic networks. Traditional aftershock networks consist of a few dozen stations spread over tens of kilometers. As a result, the recorded seismic waveforms suffer from spatial aliasing that is so severe that many types of waveform processing are not applicable. Here we report the results of recording with a large number of oil industry‐type instruments deployed at a spacing that is an order of magnitude closer than in traditional deployments. The objective was to image subsurface structure with array methods, using the aftershocks as sources. The dense array recorded continuously for 12 days and consisted of 172 vertical component seismometers that were placed at 200–400 m and a 60 km long three‐component regional profile with stations every 2 km. We demonstrate how processing techniques from Vertical Seismic Profiling can produce high‐resolution 3‐D reflection images of structure beneath the array. These images display reflectivity that correlates with that observed on a nearby deep reflection survey collected by the U.S. Geological Survey. Of particular interest is a strong reflector imaged across multiple profiles. Our analysis demonstrates how a surface array of seismometers can provide 3‐D images of structure using microearthquake sources when wavefields are sampled sufficiently densely.
Distribuição espacial e status do peixe-boi marinho, Trichechus manatus manatus, (Sirenia: Trichechidae) no litoral leste do Estado do Ceará

COSTA, A. F. Distribuicao espacial e status do peixe-boi marinho, Trichechus manatus manatus, (Sirenia: Trichechidae) no litoral leste do Estado do Ceara. 2006. 126 f. Dissertacao (Mestrado em Ciencias Marinhas Tropicais) - Instituto de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, 2006.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PDRB, ANGKATAN KERJA, DAN UPAH MINIMUM TERHADAP PENGANGGURAN DI KOTA MALANG

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh PDRB, Angkatan Kerja, dan Upah Minimum terhadap Pengangguran di Kota Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan metode kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian ini adalah Kota Malang dengan periode penelitian 1985-2014. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa PDRB berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap pengangguran, Angkatan Kerja berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap pengangguran, sedangkan Upah Minimum berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pengangguran di Kota Malang. K a ta Kunci : PDRB, Angkatan Kerja, Upah Minimum, Pengangguran
The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Sumrnary: From 1983 through 1989, 726 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) of 1 to 5 years’ duration and with no sign of diabetic retinopathy were enrolled into the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. The patients were between 13 and 39 years old; 18% were between 13 and 18 years old. The patients were randomized into either a conventional treatment group or an intensive treatment group. Conventionally treated patients took one or two injections of mixed regularand intermediate-acting insulin daily. Intensively treated patients took at least three injections of insulin daily or used an insulin pump. Intensively treated patients also checked their blood glucose at least four times daily. Each insulin dose could then be adjusted, based on the blood glucose level and the anticipated dietary intake and exercise. The goal of intensive therapy