Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-World Comparative Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Different Classes of Disease-Modifying Therapies for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis in Saudi Arabia

The very fact that multiple sclerosis (MS) is incurable and necessitates life-long care makes it one of the most burdensome illnesses. The aim of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of orally administered medications (e.g., fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, and teriflunomide), interferon (IFN)-based therapy, and monoclonal antibodies (MABs) (e.g., natalizumab and rituximab) in the management of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in Saudi Arabia using real-world data. This was a retrospective cohort study in which patients with RRMS aged ≥18 years without any other chronic health conditions with non-missing data for at least 12 months were recruited from the electronic health records of a university-affiliated tertiary care center. Multiple logistic regressions controlling for age, sex, and duration of therapy were conducted to examine the odds of disability progression, clinical relapse, MRI lesions, and composite outcome (e.g., relapse, lesion development on MRI, disability progression). The number of patients who met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis was 146. Most of the patients were female (70.51%) and young (e.g., ≤35 years of age). There were 40 patients on the orally administered agents (e.g., dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, fingolimod), 66 patients were on IFN-based therapy (e.g., Rebif®), and 40 patients were on monoclonal antibodies (e.g., rituximab and natalizumab). Patients on MABs had lower odds of the composite outcome (OR = 0.17 (95% CI: 0.068–0.428)). The use of orally administered agents was dominant (e.g., more effective and less costly), with average annual cost savings of USD −4336.65 (95% CI: −5207.89–−3903.32) and 8.11% higher rate of effectiveness (95% CI: −14.81–18.07) when compared with Rebif®. With regard to the use of MABs in comparison to Rebif®, MABs were associated with higher cost but a better rate of effectiveness, with an average additional annual cost of USD 1381.54 (95% CI: 421.31–3621.06) and 43.11% higher rate of effectiveness (95% CI: 30.38–61.15) when compared with Rebif®. In addition, the use of MABs was associated with higher cost but a better rate of effectiveness, with an average additional annual cost of USD 5717.88 (95% CI: 4970.75–8272.66) and 35% higher rate of effectiveness (95% CI: 10.0–42.50) when compared with orally administered agents. The use of MABs in the management of RRMS among the young patient population has shown to be the most effective therapy in comparison to both IFN-based therapy (e.g., Rebif®) and orally administered agents, but with higher cost. Orally administered agents resulted in better outcomes and lower costs in comparison to IFN-based therapy. Future studies should further examine the cost-effectiveness of different disease-modifying therapies for the management of RRMS using more robust study designs.
Measuring the Impact of ICT and E-learning on Higher Education System With Redesigning and Adapting MOODLE System in Kurdistan Region Government, KRG-Iraq

Today internet has been able to reach anywhere in the world. Information and communication Technology (ICT) has paved the way to change not only the way society accesses knowledge but also transform and restructure traditional models of higher education. Nowadays many universities and colleges have been focusing on e-learning environment and much less on traditional methods as a result of the newly acquired capacity students and teachers to have access anywhere and anytime to internet. ICT and e-learning help teachers and students become actively engaged together in online collaborative work to enhance traditional learning methods. In Kurdistan of Iraq, approximation of students and teachers has a continuous opportunity to enter into their universities web-portals but without having any interactions through the lack of Learning Management Systems (LMS). The main objective of this work is to measure the impacts of ICT and e-learning technologies on higher education systems in Kurdistan Region Government (KRG)-Iraq. This is based on a survey using online questionnaires involving samples of students and teachers, then redesigning and adapting an LMS MOODLE into the system . While large proportion of teachers and students have a positive view towards the use of ICT and e-learning methods, only a limited proportion use these techniques effectively. Hence the need for Kurdistan to start with distance and e-learning system is essential.
ADMM-Based Hyperspectral Unmixing Networks for Abundance and Endmember Estimation

Hyperspectral image (HSI) unmixing is an increasingly studied problem in various areas, including remote sensing. It has been tackled using both physical model-based approaches and more recently machine learning-based ones. In this article, we propose a new HSI unmixing algorithm combining both model- and learning-based techniques, based on algorithm unrolling approaches, delivering improved unmixing performance. Our approach unrolls the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMMs) solver of a constrained sparse regression problem underlying a linear mixture model. We then propose a neural network structure for abundance estimation that can be trained using supervised learning techniques based on a new composite loss function. We also propose another neural network structure for blind unmixing that can be trained using unsupervised learning techniques. Our proposed networks are also shown to possess a lighter and richer structure containing less learnable parameters and more skip connections compared with other competing architectures. Extensive experiments show that the proposed methods can achieve much faster convergence and better performance even with a very small training dataset size when compared with other unmixing methods, such as model-inspired neural network for abundance estimation (MNN-AE), model-inspired neural network for blind unmixing (MNN-BU), unmixing using deep image prior (UnDIP), and endmember-guided unmixing network (EGU-Net).
The Meaning of Work Life Enrichment and its impact on Turnover Intention

A family business is a type of entrepreneurship and an important feature of economic development and transformation that provides jobs and riches to family members and those involved in the business. As a result, the founders and successors will make every effort to ensure the family business's long-term viability. This study aims to examine work-life enrichment and employee turnover intentions. The method utilized was systematic review, which entailed searching the literature using a Google Scholar database. From 2011 to 2021, a literature search was done—findings from a study on work-life enrichment. There were 19 publications with quantitative research and three articles with qualitative research. Several studies have been conducted have shown that when the work environment is good, the organization pays more attention to the family, so that employees show a high level of work-life enrichment. A rich work life indicates that employees have a high degree of trust in their organization. Trust works as a managerial or organizational resource that drives the intention to leave the organization.
Vibro-acoustical comfort in cars at idle: human perception of simulated sounds and vibrations from 3- and 4-cylinder diesel engines

A bench was used to reproduce the vertical vibrations of the seat, the vibrations of the steering wheel and the noise measured at the driver's ears of cars running at hot idle. In a first experiment, subjects were only submitted to seat vertical vibrations; it appeared that comfort could be described by rms values of signals, without using ISO-2631 weightings. In a second experiment, subjects were submitted to all stimuli; the analysis of free verbalisations could explain the perceptual dimensions and were helpful for identifying the contribution of noise and vibration stimuli to overall comfort.
Aerodynamic Loading Characteristics of a Model-Scale Helicopter in a Ship's Airwake

Experiments have been conducted in a water tunnel using a specially designed Airwake Dynamometer (AirDyn) to characterize the aerodynamic loading of a helicopter immersed in the airwake of a generic frigate ship. The AirDyn is a 1:54 model-scale helicopter based on a Merlin AW-101, with a six-component force balance mounted inside the fuselage and a simplified spinning main rotor. The AirDyn has been used to measure the unsteady forces and moments imposed by the ship airwake at fixed locations along the flight path of a landing maneuver for a headwind and a 45 wind-angle. A region of ‘thrust-deficit’ in the headwind and a ‘pressure-wall’ in the 45 wind-angle were identified as ‘time-averaged’ loading characteristics caused by spatial velocity gradients in the airwake. The unsteady loading on the AirDyn in the headwind was compared with the 45 case in terms of the severity of the airwake disturbances and the stages of the landing maneuver at which they are significant. The causes of the observed AirDyn loading characteristics have been explained using unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis of the ship airwakes. The implications of the AirDyn aerodynamic loading characteristics for pilot workload and control input strategies during a real landing are discussed.
Myeloma cells regulate miRNA transfer from fibroblast‐derived exosomes by expression of lncRNAs

Multiple myeloma (MM) progression and drug resistance depend on the crosstalk between MM cells and bone marrow (BM) fibroblasts (FBs). During monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to MM transition, MM cell‐derived exosomes (EXOs) reprogram the miRNA (miR) profile of FBs, inducing the overexpression miR‐23b‐3p, miR‐27b‐3p, miR‐125b‐5p, miR‐214‐3p, and miR‐5100. Here, we demonstrate that the miR content of MM FB‐derived EXOs (FB‐EXOs) overlaps the miR profile of parental FBs by overexpressing comparable levels of miR‐23b‐3p, miR‐27b‐3p, miR‐125b‐5p, miR‐214‐3p, and miR‐5100. Recipient MM cells co‐cultured with MM FB‐EXOs selectively overexpress only miR‐214‐3p and miR‐5100 but not miR‐23b‐3p, miR‐27b‐3p, and miR‐125b‐5p, suggesting a putative selective transfer. MM cells express HOTAIR, TOB1‐AS1, and MALAT1 lncRNAs. Transient transfection of MM cells with lnc·siRNAs demonstrates that HOTAIR, TOB1‐AS1, and MALAT1 lncRNAs are sponges for miR‐23b‐3p, miR‐27b‐3p, and miR‐125b‐5p. Indeed, lncRNA knockdown significantly increased miR levels in U266 MM cells co‐cultured with MM FB‐EXOs. Selective miR‐214‐3p and miR‐5100 overexpression modulates MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and p53 pathways in MM cells. Interrogation using the DIANA tools algorithm and transient overexpression using miR mimic probes confirmed the involvement of miR‐214‐3p and miR‐5100 and their target genes, PTEN and DUSP16, respectively, in the modulation of these intracellular pathways. Finally, the uptake of EXOs as well as miR‐214‐3p and miR‐5100 overexpression increase MM cell proliferation and resistance to bortezomib‐induced apoptosis by switching the balance between pro‐/anti‐apoptotic proteins. Overall, these data show that MM cells are not simply a container into which EXOs empty their cargo. On the contrary, tumour cells finely neutralize exosomal miRs via lncRNA expression to ensure their survival. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Safety Effectiveness of Lane and Shoulder Width Combinations on Rural, Two-Lane, Undivided Roads

There is a need to evaluate low-cost safety strategies that states may implement as part of their Strategic Highway Safety Plan. FHWA organized a pooled fund study of 26 states to evaluate several low-cost safety strategies, including the reallocation of total paved width. This study identifies whether it is safer to increase lane width or increase shoulder width given a fixed total width. Geometric, traffic, and crash data were obtained for more than 52,000 mi of roadway in Pennsylvania and Washington State. A case-control approach was applied to evaluate the safety effectiveness of various lane–shoulder configurations. There was a general reduction in the odds ratio as total paved width, lane width, and shoulder width increased individually; this is consistent with previous research. However, the primary research objective was to estimate the safety effectiveness of reallocating a fixed total paved width. Individual state results did not indicate a clear trade-off between lane and shoulder width for a fixed total width. Supplementing the results of this study with previous research, crash modification factors (CMFs) are provided for several lane–shoulder combinations. The selected values present a more apparent trade-off, indicating a slight benefit to increasing lane width for a fixed total width. Importantly, the results differ from other studies that developed CMFs without considering the interaction between lane and shoulder width, including those studies currently referenced in the Highway Safety Manual. This raises the question of whether CMFs should reflect the interaction between lane and shoulder width.
Development of a Strategic Hurricane Evacuation–Dynamic Traffic Assignment Model for the Houston, Texas, Region

This paper describes a hurricane evacuation model for the Greater Houston, Texas, area whose base case reproduces the widespread congestion and gridlock experienced during the evacuation response to Hurricane Rita in 2005. The project–-a result of the combined efforts of the Houston–Galveston Area Council (H-GAC), the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI), and Citilabs–-incorporated the development of a dynamic traffic assignment model for evaluating the performance of major evacuation routes within the H-GAC region. To minimize model run time while maximizing policy analysis capabilities, a strategic model was developed on the basis of the full H-GAC regional model network and zone system. This strategic model integrates tightly with the regional planning model and can be updated with new information concerning the structure of background demand derived from normal weekday trip tables. Evacuation trip tables were developed by TTI based upon survey data collected shortly after the 2005 event. In the network assignment model, background and evacuation trips are incrementally loaded by using a dynamic, generalized cost framework that can be modified to account for route preference, traveler information, transportation supply dynamics, and congestion feedback over a 72-h model period. Policy analysis tools provided with the model include supply-side controls such as contra-flow lane reversal timing, facility closures, incident response, as well as demand-side controls such as evacuation trip departure scheduling. The model can be applied to comparison of the relative system and evacuation corridor performance of alternative policy scenarios.
Extent of Groin Dissection in Melanoma: A Mixed-Methods, Population-Based Study of Practice Patterns and Outcomes

Melanoma metastases to the groin are frequently managed by therapeutic lymph node dissection. Evidence is lacking regarding the extent of dissection required. Thus, we sought to describe practice patterns for the use of inguinal vs. ilioinguinal dissection, as well as the perioperative/oncologic outcomes of each procedure. A mixed-methods approach was employed to evaluate surgical practice patterns. A retrospective review of three multi-site databases was carried out, together with semi-structured interviews of melanoma surgeons. A total of 347 patients who underwent dissection were reviewed. The main indications stated for adding a “deep” ilioinguinal dissection were palpable or radiologically positive disease. There was no significant difference in complications, length of stay or lymphedema between patients having inguinal vs. ilioinguinal dissection, irrespective of method of diagnosis. There was also no significant difference in recurrence, cancer-specific survival or overall survival between groups. In conclusion, ilioinguinal dissection is a safe and well-tolerated procedure, with no significant added morbidity relative to an inguinal dissection. The indications for ilioinguinal dissection currently in use produce an appropriate deep node positivity rate and ilioinguinal dissection should continue to be used selectively. Randomized data are needed to clarify the impact of ilioinguinal dissection on regional control and survival.
The Toxic Mechanism of Gliotoxins and Biosynthetic Strategies for Toxicity Prevention

Gliotoxin is a kind of epipolythiodioxopiperazine derived from different fungi that is characterized by a disulfide bridge. Gliotoxins can be biosynthesized by a gli gene cluster and regulated by a positive GliZ regulator. Gliotoxins show cytotoxic effects via the suppression the function of macrophage immune function, inflammation, antiangiogenesis, DNA damage by ROS production, peroxide damage by the inhibition of various enzymes, and apoptosis through different signal pathways. In the other hand, gliotoxins can also be beneficial with different doses. Low doses of gliotoxin can be used as an antioxidant, in the diagnosis and treatment of HIV, and as an anti-tumor agent in the future. Gliotoxins have also been used in the control of plant pathogens, including Pythium ultimum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Thus, it is important to elucidate the toxic mechanism of gliotoxins. The toxic mechanism of gliotoxins and biosynthetic strategies to reduce the toxicity of gliotoxins and their producing strains are summarized in this review.
Microwave-Assisted Synchronous Nanogold Synthesis Reinforced by Kenaf Seed and Decoding Their Biocompatibility and Anticancer Activity

The combination of green-nanotechnology and biology may contribute to anticancer therapy. In this regard, using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as therapeutic molecules can be a promising strategy. Herein, we proposed a novel biocompatible nanogold constructed by simply microwave-heating (MWI) Au3+ ions and kenaf seed (KS) extract within a minute. The phytoconstituents of KS extract have been utilized for safe synthesis of gold nanoparticles (KS@GNPs). The biogenic KS@GNPs were characterized by UV-vis Spectra, TEM, HR-TEM, XRD, FTIR, DLS, EDX, and SEAD techniques. The legitimacy and toxicity concern of KS@GNPs were tested against RAW 264.7 and NIH3T3 cell lines. The anticancer efficacy was verified using LN-229 cells. The pathways of KS@GNPs synthesis were optimized by varying the KS concentration (λmax 528 nm), gold salt amount (λmax 524 nm), and MWI times (λmax 522 nm). TEM displayed spherical shape and narrow size distribution (5–19.5 nm) of KS@GNPs, whereas DLS recorded Z-average size of 121.7 d·nm with a zeta potential of −33.7 mV. XRD and SAED ring patterns confirmed the high crystallinity and crystalline face centered cubic structure of gold. FTIR explored OH functional group involved in Au3+ ions reduction followed by GNPs stabilization. KS@GNPs exposure to RAW 264.7 and NIH3T3 cell lines did not induce toxicity while dose-dependent overt cell toxicity and reduced cell viability (26.6%) was observed in LN-229 cells. Moreover, the IC50 (18.79 µg/mL) treatment to cancer cell triggered cellular damages, excessive ROS generation, and apoptosis. Overall, this research exploits a sustainable method of KS@GNPs synthesis and their anticancer therapy.
Osteopathic Treatment and Evaluation in the Clinical Setting of Childhood Hematological Malignancies

Simple Summary Children: adolescents, and young adults who are affected by hematological malignancies and who are undergoing intensive phases of cancer treatment including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, experience diminished functional ability. This study was aimed at assessing if osteopathic treatment and evaluation can be used when an 11-week precision-based exercise program is run inside the hospital. Our results support that osteopathy plus precision-based intervention could be a desirable support in the clinical prise en charge of these children and adolescents. Osteopathy is a safe method for the evaluation of clinical conditions and requires strong multidisciplinary synergy between pediatricians and exercise physiologists. Abstract Children: adolescents, and young who are adults affected with hematological malignancies (CAYA-H) and who are undergoing intensive phases of cancer treatment, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), experience diminished functional ability. This study was aimed at assessing the feasibility, efficacy, safety, and satisfaction of an osteopathic intervention in CAYA-H attending an 11-week precision-based exercise program (PEx). All of the participants were given 4–10 treatments according to the prescription ordered by the sports medicine doctor in charge of the PEx, and the following outcomes were assessed: (1) spinal column range of motion (ROM) by palpation; (2) lower and upper limb joints ROM by a goniometer; (3) orthostatic posture by plumb line assessment; (4) chest and abdomen mobility by inspection and palpation; (5) cranial-sacral rhythmic impulse (CRI) by palpation; and (6) adverse effects. Goal attainment scaling (GAS) was used to identify the accomplishment of a desired clinical result. Moreover, HSCT patients who were affected with graft-versus-host disease and/or osteonecrosis had their joints assessed in terms of ROM as tools to monitor the effectiveness of immunosuppressive treatment. A total of 231 CAYA-H were identified, and 104 participated in the study (age 10.66 ± 4.51 yrs; 43% F). PEx plus osteopathy reached positive GAS scores by improving the ROMs of the spinal column and/or limbs (81% and 78%, respectively), chest and abdomen mobility (82%), and CRI (76%). Only minor reversible adverse effects were noticed during the study. Together, our data seem to initiate a new course where osteopathy could be useful in evaluating structural edges due to the clinical history of each CAYA-H. Given the contributions that were obtained by the GAS scores, osteopathic treatment seems to reveal interesting potential that can be targeted in the future.
Influence of Diet and Levels of Zonulin, Lipopolysaccharide and C-Reactive Protein on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young Subjects

A western diet and increased intestinal permeability may contribute to systemic inflammation and the development of cardio-metabolic alterations. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between diet, biomarkers of intestinal permeability, and chronic low-grade inflammation on the cardiometabolic profile. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 238 young subjects aged 18–29 years, divided into two groups: with <3 cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) and ≥3 risk factors. Anthropometric parameters, biochemical profile, and serum levels of zonulin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured, and the macronutrient intake was evaluated. Interaction models showed elevated glucose levels in the presence of high biomarker levels: zonulin ≥51.6 ng/mL plus LPS ≥ 1.35 EU/mL (β = 1.1, p = 0.006), and LPS ≥1.35 EU/mL plus hs-CRP ≥ 4.3 mg/L (β = 1.2, p = 0.007). In addition, triglyceride levels increased in the presence of LPS ≥ 1.35 EU/mL and hs-CRP ≥ 4.3 mg/L (β = 3.9, p = 0.01). Despite having increased biomarker levels, a higher consumption of water (≥2100 mL), polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥6.0 g), or fiber (≥30 g) decreased triglyceride (β = −9.6, p = 0.03), total cholesterol (β = −5.1, p = 0.01), and LDL-C levels (β = −7.7, p = 0.01). These findings suggest that the increased consumption of water, PUFA and fiber may improve lipid profile in subjects with intestinal permeability dysfunction or low-grade systemic inflammation.