Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rotavirus VP4 Epitope of a Broadly Neutralizing Human Antibody Defined by Its Structure Bound with an Attenuated-Strain Virion

Rotavirus live-attenuated vaccines generate broadly heterotypic protection, and B-cells isolated from adults encode antibodies that are broadly protective in mice. Determining the structural and mechanistic basis of broad protection can contribute to understanding the current limitations of vaccine efficacy in developing countries. ABSTRACT Rotavirus live-attenuated vaccines, both mono- and pentavalent, generate broadly heterotypic protection. B-cells isolated from adults encode neutralizing antibodies, some with affinity for VP5*, that afford broad protection in mice. We have mapped the epitope of one such antibody by determining the high-resolution cryo-EM structure of its antigen-binding fragment (Fab) bound to the virion of a candidate vaccine strain, CDC-9. The Fab contacts both the distal end of a VP5* β-barrel domain and the two VP8* lectin-like domains at the tip of a projecting spike. Its interactions with VP8* do not impinge on the likely receptor-binding site, suggesting that the mechanism of neutralization is at a step subsequent to initial attachment. We also examined structures of CDC-9 virions from two different stages of serial passaging. Nearly all the VP4 (cleaved to VP8*/VP5*) spikes on particles from the earlier passage (wild-type isolate) had transitioned from the “upright” conformation present on fully infectious virions to the “reversed” conformation that is probably the end state of membrane insertion, unable to mediate penetration, consistent with the very low in vitro infectivity of the wild-type isolate. About half the VP4 spikes were upright on particles from the later passage, which had recovered substantial in vitro infectivity but had acquired an attenuated phenotype in neonatal rats. A mutation in VP4 that occurred during passaging appears to stabilize the interface at the apex of the spike and could account for the greater stability of the upright spikes on the late-passage, attenuated isolate. IMPORTANCE Rotavirus live-attenuated vaccines generate broadly heterotypic protection, and B-cells isolated from adults encode antibodies that are broadly protective in mice. Determining the structural and mechanistic basis of broad protection can contribute to understanding the current limitations of vaccine efficacy in developing countries. The structure of an attenuated human rotavirus isolate (CDC-9) bound with the Fab fragment of a broadly heterotypic protective antibody shows that protection is probably due to inhibition of the conformational transition in the viral spike protein (VP4) critical for viral penetration, rather than to inhibition of receptor binding. A comparison of structures of CDC-9 virus particles at two stages of serial passaging supports a proposed mechanism for initial steps in rotavirus membrane penetration.
Benefits and Risks Associated with Long-term Oral Anticoagulation after Successful Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Oral anticoagulation (OAC) prevents thromboembolism yet greatly increases the risk of bleeding, inciting concern among clinicians. Current guidelines lack sufficient evidence supporting long-term OAC following successful atrial fibrillation catheter ablation (CA). A literature search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and Scopus to seek out studies that compare continued and discontinued anticoagulation in post-ablation Atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Funnel plots and Egger’s test examined potential bias. Via the random-effects model, summary odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using RevMan (5.4) and STATA (17.0). Twenty studies, including 22 429 patients (13 505 off-OAC) were analyzed. Stratified CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 examining thromboembolic events (TE) favored OAC continuation (OR 1.86; 95% CI: 1.02-3.40; P = .04). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated this association was attenuated. The on-OAC arm had greater incidence of major bleeding (MB) (OR 0.16; 95% CI: 0.08-0.95; P < .00001), particularly intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and gastrointestinal bleeding (GI); (OR 0.17; 95% CI: 0.08-0.36; P < .00001) and (OR 0.12; 95% CI: 0.04-0.32; P < .0001), respectively. Our findings support sustained anticoagulation in patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of ≥2. Due to reduced outcome robustness, physician discretion is still advised.
Viability study of clinical bacterial strains by capillary electrophoresis and flow cytometry approaches

One of the challenges medicine faces is the constantly growing resistance of pathogens to various classes of antibiotics. In this study, we investigated the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) to characterize and assess the physiological states of three clinical bacterial strains—methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin‐sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), and Escherichia coli extended‐spectrum β‐lactamases (ESβL)—exposed to different antibiotics. All chosen bacteria are the leading causes of healthcare‐associated and hospital‐acquired invasive infections in adults. In the first part of the research, it was determined the optimal incubation time of the tested strains with antibiotics, represented as an optimal time of 24 h. In the second part, we have compared two approaches: flow cytometry (FC) as a standard method and CE as a proposed alternative approach. The viability of clinical strains treated with different class antibiotics calculated in CE measurements was strongly correlated (>0.83 for MSSA, >0.92 for ESβL and MRSA) with the viability obtained on the basis of FC measurements. As a result, CE has a chance to become a modern diagnostic method used in clinical practice. The CE cutoff was found to be 50%; above this value, the strain shows resistance to the action of the antibiotic.
Violent behavior and the COVID-19 lockdowns: a nationwide register-based study

Abstract Objectives The primary aim was to test the hypothesis that physical interpersonal violence is decreased during the lockdown period in comparison with comparable control periods. The secondary aims were to explore the effects of gender and alcohol consumption on the violence during the lockdown. Methods Nationwide records of hospitalizations secondary to an assault were analyzed using quasipoisson regression. Assault rates in two lockdown periods, defined as a national emergency state, were compared to baseline data between 2017 and 2020, controlling for seasonal fluctuations and pandemic-related effects other than lockdown. To validate the findings on independent data, differences between lockdown and baseline in Police records of violent criminality between 2017 and 2021 were examined using one-way ANOVA. Results The rates of hospitalizations secondary to an assault decreased substantially during lockdowns (IRR = .43; P < .001) and the duration of lockdown did not affect assault rates (P = .07). The decrease in assault rates was more pronounced in males than females (IRR = .77; P < .05) and was weakened in patients with history of alcohol abuse (IRR = 1.83; P < .001). Violent crime rate decreased by 19% during the lockdowns compared to prepandemic baseline (P < .001). Conclusion We found that physical interpersonal violence decreased during the COVID-19 lockdown periods. The reduction is significantly greater in males. Emerging evidence suggests an increased risk of alcohol use and intoxication during the lockdowns. Violent crime rate decreased during the lockdown.
Bodily feedback: expansive and upward posture facilitates the experience of positive affect

ABSTRACT Most emotion theories recognise the importance of the body in expressing and constructing emotions. Focusing beyond the face, the present research adds needed empirical data on the effect of static full body postures on positive/negative affect. In Studies 1 (N = 110) and 2 (N = 79), using a bodily feedback paradigm, we manipulated postures to test causal effects on affective and physiological responses to emotionally ambiguous music. Across both studies among U.S. participants, we find the strongest support for an effect of bodily postures that are expansive and oriented upward on positive affect. In addition, an expansive and upward pose also led to greater cardiac vagal reactivity but these changes in parasympathetic activity were not related to affective changes (Study 2). In line with embodied theories, these results provide additional support for the role of postural input in constructing affect. Discussion highlights the relevance of these findings for the study of religious practices during which the postures studied are often adopted.
HAMILTONIAN CYCLES IN REGULAR GRAPHS

Many results have been obtained in investigating the existence of Hamiltonian cycles in 2-connected, k-regular graphs, see [3], [1], [4], [6] and [2]. We consider only simple graphs here and use standard graph theory notations and terminology. We let V(G) and E(G) denote the vertex set and the edge set of graph G respectively.
Association between attachment anxiety and the gaze direction-related N170

ABSTRACT Attachment theory suggests that interindividual differences in attachment security versus insecurity (anxiety and avoidance) contribute to the ways in which people perceive social emotional signals, particularly from the human face. Among different facial features, eye gaze conveys crucial information for social interaction, with a straight gaze triggering different cognitive and emotional processes as compared to an averted gaze. It remains unknown, however, how interindividual differences in attachment associate with early face encoding in the context of a straight versus averted gaze. Using electroencephalography (EEG) and recording event-related potentials (ERPs), specifically the N170 component, the present study (N = 50 healthy adults) measured how the characteristics of attachment anxiety and avoidance relate to the encoding of faces with respect to gaze direction and head orientation. Our findings reveal a significant relationship between gaze direction (irrespective of head orientation) and attachment anxiety on the interhemispheric (i.e. right) asymmetry of the N170 and thus provide evidence for an association between attachment anxiety and eye gaze processing during early visual face encoding.
Cognition and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Exploring Relationships with Psychological Functions

Abstract Objective Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is strongly associated with difficulties in emotion regulation, but its relationships with maladaptive cognitive processes are less clear. Method The current study examined relationships between self-reported NSSI (presence, number of methods, frequency, recency, duration, functions) and negative cognitive processes (rumination, worry, self-criticism, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness) among 1,357 undergraduates. Cognition variables were submitted to exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and relationships were examined between the resulting factors and NSSI history (among the full sample) and NSSI severity and functions (among those with a history of NSSI). Results The EFA derived two higher order cognitive factors: repetitive negative thinking (RNT) and negative self-perception (NSP). Both RNT and NSP were significantly higher among participants with than those without a history of NSSI. Among those with NSSI, NSP, but not RNT, was positively related to lifetime NSSI frequency and number of methods, as well as recency (presence in the past 12 months) and total duration (in years) of NSSI engagement. Moreover, RNT and NSP were positively associated with aggregate intrapersonal (but not interpersonal) functions of NSSI. The two cognitive factors demonstrated differential relationships with the individual intrapersonal NSSI functions. Conclusions Higher order categories of cognitive risk factors may have unique relationships with functions and severity of NSSI, with possible implications for more targeted approaches to risk assessment and intervention. Highlights Negative thinking and self-perception were higher in people who engage in NSSI. Negative self-perception was associated with greater NSSI severity. Negative thinking and self-perception had different relations to NSSI functions.
High Satisfaction with Patient-Centered Telemedicine for Hepatitis C Virus Delivered to Substance Users: A Mixed-Methods Study

Background: While telemedicine may increase health care access for vulnerable populations, data are limited on whether people with opioid use disorder (PWOUD) are satisfied with telemedicine. We assessed PWOUD satisfaction with telemedicine and identified factors that increase telemedicine satisfaction. Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study among hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected persons enrolled at 12 opioid treatment programs (OTPs) throughout New York State. Participants successfully completed HCV treatment either through telemedicine integrated into OTPs (N = 238) or through offsite referral (N = 106). We evaluated Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) response scores at the initial and final health care encounters and subsequently interviewed telemedicine study participants (N = 25) to assess their experiences with telemedicine. Results: All participants (N = 344) successfully completed HCV treatment. We observed no differences in PSQ scores between telemedicine and in-person encounters (98.3% and 98.7% of telemedicine participants provided PSQ scores of satisfied or highly satisfied at each timepoint, respectively). Study participants indicated that attributes associated with high telemedicine encounter satisfaction included: (1) communicating study information, (2) gaining trust, and (3) delivering patient-centered care. Participants weighted “General Satisfaction” and “Time Spent with Doctor” higher than “Accessibility and Convenience,” and female participants were significantly more satisfied than males. Satisfaction with health care delivery among all participants increased significantly comparing timepoints. Conclusions: Participants were highly satisfied with HCV telemedicine encounters equivalent to in-person encounters. Communication augments trust facilitating delivery of patient-centered care through telemedicine. Participants value empathy and trust with providers over accessibility and convenience. In summary, PWOUD are highly satisfied with the facilitated telemedicine model and value empathetic and trusting providers. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02933970.
Firearms Access among Pediatric Patients at Risk for Suicide

Abstract Background Approximately 2,900 youth who die by suicide each year in the United States use a firearm. To inform lethal means safety counseling efforts, this study aimed to describe firearm access among youth deemed at risk for suicide in pediatric medical settings. Methods Youth who presented to one of four urban pediatric medical centers were screened for suicide risk and access to firearms. Suicide risk was determined by a positive screen on the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) tool. Firearm access was assessed via a structured questionnaire. Results This secondary analysis analyzed data from 1065 youth aged 10 to 17 years. Overall, 110 (10.3%) participants screened positive for suicide risk. Among those at risk, 28% (31/110) reported guns kept in or around their home, 8% (9/110) had access to a firearm, and 5% (6/110) reported that bullets were not stored separately from the guns. Conclusions Over a quarter of youth at risk for suicide reported a firearm stored in or around their home. To ensure the safety of young people at risk for suicide, clinicians should assess whether youth have access to firearms and conduct lethal means safety counseling with youths, as developmentally appropriate, and their parent/caregivers. HIGHLIGHTS 28% of pediatric patients deemed “at risk” for suicide in this study reported a firearm kept in or around their home. Among youth at risk for suicide, 8% reported having access to a firearm. These results add further evidence that it is important for clinicians to conduct lethal means safety counseling with patients and their families.
The effect of end-of-life decision-making tools on patient and family-related outcomes of care among ethnocultural minorities: A systematic review

Background End-of-life decision-making tools are used to establish a shared understanding among patients, families and healthcare providers about medical treatment and goals of care. This systematic review aimed to understand the availability and effect of end-of-life decision-making tools on: (i) goals of care and advance care planning; (ii) patient and/or family satisfaction and well-being; and (iii) healthcare utilization among racial/ethnic, cultural, and religious minorities. Methods A search was conducted in four electronic databases (inception to June 2021). Articles were screened for eligibility using pre-specified criteria. We focused on adult patients (aged ≥18 years) and included primary research articles that used quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods designs. Complementary quality assessment tools were used to generate quality scores for individual studies. Extracted data were synthesized by outcome measure for each type of tool, and an overall description of findings showed the range of effects. Results Among 14,316 retrieved articles, 37 articles were eligible. We found that advance care planning programs (eleven studies), healthcare provider-led interventions (four studies), and linguistically-tailored decision aids (three studies) increased the proportion of patients documenting advance care plans. Educational tools (three studies) strongly reduced patient preferences for life-prolonging care. Palliative care consultations (three studies) were strongly associated with do-not-resuscitate orders. Advance care planning programs (three studies) significantly influenced the quality of patient-clinician communication and healthcare provider-led interventions (two studies) significantly influenced perceived patient quality of life. Conclusion This review identified several end-of-life decision-making tools with impact on patient and family-related outcomes of care among ethnocultural minorities. Advance care planning programs, healthcare provider-led interventions and decision aids increased documentation of end-of-life care plans and do-not-resuscitate orders, and educational tools reduced preferences for life-prolonging care. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of tools on healthcare utilization, and with specific patient population subgroups across different illness trajectories and healthcare settings.
Adequate levels of dietary sulphur amino acids impart improved liver and gut health in juvenile yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi)

Abstract The sulphur amino acids methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) and their derivative taurine (Tau) are metabolically active molecules with interlinked roles in nutritional requirements. Deficiencies in these nutrients are linked to poor growth and health; however, the impacts of these deficiencies on organ structure and function are largely unknown. This study examined the effects of dietary Met, Cys and Tau fed at different levels on yellowtail kingfish (YTK) liver histology and surface colour, plasma biochemistry and posterior intestine histology. Samples were collected from two dose–response feeding trials that quantified (1) the Tau requirement and sparing effect of Met by feeding YTK diets containing one of seven levels of Tau at one of two levels of Met and (2) the Met requirement and sparing effect of Cys by feeding YTK diets containing one of five levels of Met at one of two levels of Cys. YTK fed inadequate levels of dietary Met, Cys and Tau exhibited thicker bile ducts, less red livers, more intestinal acidic goblet cell mucus and supranuclear vacuoles and less posterior intestinal absorptive surface area. Further, thicker bile ducts correlated with less red livers (a*, R), whereas increased hepatic fat correlated with a liver yellowing (b*). Our results indicate a shift towards histological properties and functions indicative of improved intrahepatic biliary condition, posterior intestinal nutrient absorption and homoeostasis of YTK fed adequate amounts of Met, Cys and Tau. These findings may assist in formulating aquafeed for optimised gastrointestinal and liver functions and maintaining good health in YTK.
Eosinophil‐rich linear IgA bullous dermatosis induced by mRNA COVID‐19 booster vaccine

We present a case of eosinophil‐rich linear IgA bullous disease (LABD) following the administration of a messenger RNA COVID‐19 booster vaccine. A 66‐year‐old man presented to the emergency department with a 3‐week history of a pruritic blistering rash characterized by fluid‐filled bullae and multiple annular and polycyclic plaques. He was initially diagnosed with bullous pemphigoid based on a biopsy showing a subepidermal blister with numerous eosinophils. However, direct immunofluorescence studies showed linear IgA and IgM deposition along the basement membrane zone with no immunoreactivity for C3 or IgG. Additionally, indirect immunofluorescence was positive for IgA basement membrane zone antibody. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with LABD and initiated on dapsone therapy with resolution of his lesions at 3‐month follow‐up. This case illustrates the growing number of autoimmune blistering adverse cutaneous reactions from vaccination. Dermatopathologists should be aware that features of autoimmune blistering diseases can overlap and may not be distinguishable based on these histopathological findings alone. Confirmation with direct immunofluorescence and/or serological studies may be necessary for accurate diagnosis.
The global distribution of known and undiscovered ant biodiversity

Invertebrates constitute the majority of animal species and are critical for ecosystem functioning and services. Nonetheless, global invertebrate biodiversity patterns and their congruences with vertebrates remain largely unknown. We resolve the first high-resolution (~20-km) global diversity map for a major invertebrate clade, ants, using biodiversity informatics, range modeling, and machine learning to synthesize existing knowledge and predict the distribution of undiscovered diversity. We find that ants and different vertebrate groups have distinct features in their patterns of richness and rarity, underscoring the need to consider a diversity of taxa in conservation. However, despite their phylogenetic and physiological divergence, ant distributions are not highly anomalous relative to variation among vertebrate clades. Furthermore, our models predict that rarity centers largely overlap (78%), suggesting that general forces shape endemism patterns across taxa. This raises confidence that conservation of areas important for small-ranged vertebrates will benefit invertebrates while providing a “treasure map” to guide future discovery.