Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigations on the Thrust Augmentation Mechanisms of Ejectors Driven by Pulse Detonation Engines

Numerical simulations of a single ejector driven by one- and two-pulse detonation engines (PDE) were performed to investigate the thrust augmentation mechanism. The systems of conservative laws of inviscid fluid combined with the one-step chemical reaction model are discretized in Cartesian coordinates using the high resolution hybrid Roe/HLL scheme and adaptive mesh refinement method, and integration in time is performed with a second-order Runge–Kutta method. Our results described the propagation processes of both primary detonation of PDE and secondary induced detonation wave inside the ejector. For a single detonation tube, the detonation gases were expelled from the ejector inlet first, then, a large amount of ambient air is entrained into the ejector with the development and propagation of detonation wave along the ejector. However, for the two-detonation tube case, both the level and duration of expelled flow increase due to the interaction of shocks near the intersection of tubes and ejector, which causes less ambient air to be entrained into the ejector and leads to a decrease of ejector thrust augmentation. Our results agree well with corresponding experimental results.
Elevated Blood Homocysteine and Risk of Alzheimer’s Dementia: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Prospective Studies

To investigate whether high serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels is associated with the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by performing a meta-analysis based on updated published data. We conducted a comprehensive research using Medline (Pubmed), Scopus, Web of Science and EMBASE databases to identify all prospective studies published any time to July 7, 2020 evaluating the association between elevated Hcy levels and AD risk. From an initial screening of 269 published papers, 9 prospective investigations conducted on a total of 7474 subjects with mean follow-up of 9.5 years (range: 3.7–10) were included in the meta-analysis. Eight seventy-five of these subjects converted to AD. Hcy was significantly higher in these individuals (HRadjusted:1.48, 95% CI:1.23–1.76, I2=65.6%, p<0.0001) compared with who did not convert to AD. There was a significant publication bias (Egger’s test, t=6.39, p=0.0003) and this was overcome by the trim and fill method, which allowed to calculate a bias-corrected imputed risk estimate of HRadjusted:1.20, 95% CI:1.01–1.44, Q value=41.92. The present meta-analysis found that having higher Hcy increases the risk of AD in the elderly and this finding is consistent with the widely suggested role of this non-proteinogenic α-amino acid in AD neurodegeneration.
Your Phone is My Proxy: Detecting and Understanding Mobile Proxy Networks

—Residential proxy has emerged as a service gaining popularity recently, in which proxy providers relay their customers’ network trafﬁc through millions of proxy peers under their control. We ﬁnd that many of these proxy peers are mobile devices, whose role in the proxy network can have signiﬁcant security implications since mobile devices tend to be privacy-and resource-sensitive. However, little effort has been made so far to understand the extent of their involvement, not to mention how these devices are recruited by the proxy network and what security and privacy risks they may pose. In this paper, we report the ﬁrst measurement study on the mobile proxy ecosystem. Our study was made possible by a novel measurement infrastructure, which enabled us to identify proxy providers, to discover proxy SDKs (software development kits), to detect Android proxy apps built upon the proxy SDKs, to harvest proxy IP addresses, and to understand proxy trafﬁc. The information collected through this infrastructure has brought to us new understandings of this ecosystem and important security discoveries. More speciﬁcally, 4 proxy providers were found to offer app developers mobile proxy SDKs as a competitive app monetization channel, with $50K per month per 1M MAU (monthly active users). 1,701 Android APKs (belonging to 963 Android apps) turn out to have integrated those proxy SDKs, with most of them available on Google Play with at least 300M installations in total. Furthermore, 48.43% of these APKs are ﬂagged by at least 5 anti-virus engines as malicious, which could explain why 86.60% of the 963 Android apps have been removed from Google Play by Oct 2019. Besides, while these apps display user consent dialogs on trafﬁc relay, our user study indicates that the
The Impact of Financial Leverage on A Company’s Market Valuation

The purpose of the article is to examine the impact of leverage on the market valuation of companies. The article verifies two hypotheses: 1. the degree of leverage is an important factor that impacts the market valuation of companies; 2. for companies with a high level of leverage, the impact of this leverage on their valuation is negative, and for companies with a low level of leverage, the impact is positive.The methodology of the study includes a critical literature review and empirical research based on correlation and regression analysis, including univariate and multivariate regression. The analysis covered quarterly data of ten energy companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. An important component of the research was classifying those companies into several groups, depending on their level of debt ratio in relation to the industry median debt ratio.The results of the research: The literature review did not provide an unequivocal conclusion to the problem. The empirical analysis did not give grounds to reject the first hypothesis; however, the second one was rejected. The research showed positive correlation and regression coefficients between the debt ratio and the price to book value ratio for highly leveraged companies and negative ones for companies with a low level of debt. The results are surprisingly contrary to the expectations based on theoretical premises.
446-461 Enayati A.pmd

Rhipicephalus bursa is a two-host ixodid tick with wide distribution in north of Iran especially in Mazandaran province. Acaricide treatment is the main tick control measure; however, acaricide resistance occurs in hard ticks in many areas of the world including Iran. Comprehensive information on susceptibility status of Rhipicephalus bursa is lacking, therefore, this study is undertaken to determine the susceptibility status of the species to pyrethroid acaricides and probable biochemical underlying mechanisms of resistance. From May 2013 to March 2014, engorged females Rhipicephalus bursa were collected using standard entomological procedures from body surface of sheep, goat and cattle in different areas of Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Eleven and ten pooled tick populations were tested against cypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively using larval packet test. Population SC-16 showed a maximum resistance ratio of 5.79 against cypermethrin in Sari County when compared to the most susceptible population NH-16 and 63.64% of tick populations were resistant at LC99 level. With lambda-cyhalothrin, 30% of the tick populations were resistant with low level and NK-2 was the most resistant population with resistance ratio of 4.32 in Nowshahr County. The results of biochemical assays demonstrated elevated levels of monooxygenases, glutathione S-transferases and esterases in pyrethroid resistant populations
Annals of Alzheimer's and Dementia Care

We are reporting an otherwise healthy lady of forty eight years suffering from rapidly progressive dementia, behavioural disturbances, myoclonus, ataxia and extrapyramidal features of eight months duration with characteristic abnormalities on brain imaging, electroencephalography with positive cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 protein, satisfying the revised World Health organization (WHO) criteria for diagnosis of “clinically probable Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD)”. An attempt was made to clinically differentiate the diagnostic possibilities. Case Report Case Report of Clinically Probable Sporadic Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease from A Tertiary Care Hospital in South India Shaik Afsar Pasha1, Ankamma Rao2, Phani Bhushan3, Bhaskara Rao B4 and Prasunpriya Nayak5* 1Department of Neurology, NRI Medical College, General Hospital, Chinakakani, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh 522503, India. 2Department of Radiology, NRI Medical College, General Hospital, Chinakakani, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh 522503, India. 3Department of Psychiatry, NRI Medical College, General Hospital, Chinakakani, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh 522503, India. 4Department of General Medicine, NRI Medical College, General Hospital, Chinakakani, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh 522503, India. 5Department of Physiololgy, NRI Medical College, General Hospital, Chinakakani, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh 522503, India. Dates: Received: 08 March, 2017; Accepted: 31 March, 2017; Published: 03 April, 2017 *Corresponding author: Dr. Prasunpriya Nayak, Department of Physiololgy, NRI Medical College, General Hospital, Chinakakani, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522503, India; Email:
EFFECT OF ENERGY UTILIZATION AND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA

The necessity for rapid economic growth has not only been of great concern to global institutions and agencies but has continued to dominate discussions at major economic conferences at the national and international levels. There is an implicit assumption of positive correlation between economic growth, as measured by increase in national output, and the welfare of citizens, with the effect that governments seek to understand the real causes of output growth to aid formulation and implementation of policies that promote the welfare of their citizens. The depth of academic research in this area of knowledge is a further indication of its relevance to humanity. This study builds on existing body of knowledge on the subject by estimating the contributions of the financial and energy sectors to the Nigerian economy between 1981 and 2018. Using the estimation method of dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), the study reveals electricity consumption, inflation and financial development as positive predictors of growth while oil price and gross fixed capital are negative predictors. From the above findings, we conclude that robust financial and energy sectors are major influencers of growth and therefore suggest that adequate attention be given to development of these sectors through formulation and implementation of supportive policies. In addition, we see the necessity for a need assessment of the infrastructure needs of the real sector in order to ensure that infrastructure critical to its performance is identified and addressed through targeted investment.
GALA: Greedy ComputAtion for Linear Algebra in Privacy-Preserved Neural Networks

Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) is enabling a wide range of smart applications on end devices. However, privacy-preserved computation is still expensive. Our investigation has found that the most time-consuming component of the HE-based linear computation is a series of Permutation (Perm) operations that are imperative for dot product and convolution in privacy-preserved MLaaS. To this end, we propose GALA: Greedy computAtion for Linear Algebra in privacy-preserved neural networks, which views the HE-based linear computation as a series of Homomorphic Add, Mult and Perm operations and chooses the least expensive operation in each linear computation step to reduce the overall cost. GALA makes the following contributions: (1) It introduces a row-wise weight matrix encoding and combines the share generation that is needed for the GC-based nonlinear computation, to reduce the Perm operations for the dot product; (2) It designs a first-Add-second-Perm approach (named kernel grouping) to reduce Perm operations for convolution. As such, GALA efficiently reduces the cost for the HE-based linear computation, which is a critical building block in almost all of the recent frameworks for privacy-preserved neural networks, including GAZELLE (Usenix Security'18), DELPHI (Usenix Security'20), and CrypTFlow2 (CCS'20). With its deep optimization of the HE-based linear computation, GALA can be a plug-and-play module integrated into these systems to further boost their efficiency. Our experiments show that it achieves a significant speedup up to 700x for the dot product and 14x for the convolution computation under different data dimensions. Meanwhile, GALA demonstrates an encouraging runtime boost by 2.5x, 2.7x, 3.2x, 8.3x, 7.7x, and 7.5x over GAZELLE and 6.5x, 6x, 5.7x, 4.5x, 4.2x, and 4.1x over CrypTFlow2, on AlexNet, VGG, ResNet-18, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and ResNet-152, respectively.
Prevalence of household food insecurity among people living with HIV/AIDS (Kerman- the southeast of Iran)

Background: Household food insecurity is one of the major public health issues that may affect an individual’s nutritional state, especially in patients with chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of household food insecurity and its association with sociodemographic and clinical factors among patients with HIV/AIDS in Kerman province, Iran. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed among the 179 patients with HIV/AIDS in Kerman province. Participants completed a questionnaire focusing on personal information, health, and clinical status. Also, household food security status was evaluated by the USDA (US Department of Agriculture) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 22) by descriptive, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Overall, 98 responding men and women were classified as household food secure (n=41; 40.8%) and household food insecure (n=58; 59.2%). Among the household food insecure patients, 14% (n=8) experienced lower household food insecurity, 38% (n=22) moderate household food insecurity, and 48% (n=28) severe household food insecurity. No significant differences were observed between household food secure and insecure groups in demographic variables. In clinical variables, only BMI index was significantly different between the two groups (p=0.040), but CD4 count was not significant between groups (p=0.220). Conclusion: Prevalence of household food insecurity was high among people living with HIV/AIDS in Kerman. It seems clinical variables such as BMI index, which indicates the nutritional status of individuals, affect household food security status among people living with HIV/AIDS.
The Abuser Inside Apps: Finding the Culprit Committing Mobile Ad Fraud

—Mobile ad fraud is a signiﬁcant threat that victim-izes app publishers and their users, thereby undermining the ecosystem of app markets. Prior works on detecting mobile ad fraud have focused on constructing predeﬁned test scenarios that preclude user involvement in identifying ad fraud. However, due to their dependence on contextual testing environments, these works have neglected to track which app modules and which user interactions are responsible for observed ad fraud. To address these shortcomings, this paper presents the design and implementation of FraudDetective, a dynamic testing framework that identiﬁes ad fraud activities. FraudDetective focuses on identifying fraudulent activities that originate without any user interactions. FraudDetective computes a full stack trace from an observed ad fraud activity to a user event by connecting fragmented multiple stack traces, thus generating the causal relationships between user inputs and the observed fraudulent activity. We revised an Android Open Source Project (AOSP) to emit detected ad fraud activities along with their full stack traces, which help pinpoint the app modules responsible for the observed fraud activities. We evaluate FraudDetective on 48,172 apps from Google Play Store. FraudDetective reports that 74 apps are responsible for 34,453 ad fraud activities and ﬁnd that 98.6% of the fraudulent behaviors originate from embedded third-party ad libraries. Our evaluation demonstrates that FraudDetective is capable of accurately identifying ad fraud via reasoning based on observed suspicious behaviors without user interactions. The experimental results also yield the new insight that abusive ad service providers harness their ad libraries to actively engage in committing ad fraud.
437-445 El-Shahawy IS.pmd

Two Eimeria species were identified in faeces collected from a white peacock (Pavo cristatus) housed at the El-Gharbia city park in Egypt, and each is described as a new species. Sporulated oocysts of one species (Eimeria pavota) are ellipsoidal, measuring 23.9 x 16.5 (19.5–25 x 14.5–20) μm. The oocysts have a smooth wall made up of two layers and approximately 1.0 μm in thickness. An oocyst residuum, micropyle and polar granule are present. Sporocysts have a rounded end opposite knob-like Stieda body and are 14.3 x 7.3 (12–16.5 x 5.5–8) μm in size. The sporozoites contain one refractile body and a diffuse granular residuum; the entire content of each sporocyst is enclosed by a thin membrane. Sporulated oocysts of the second eimerian (Eimeria egyptica) are subspherical, measuring 14 x 20 (12–17 x 18–22) μm. The oocysts are without a micropyle but with a two-layered wall, which is approximately 1.3 μm thick, with the outer layer having a smooth surface texture. The oocyst residuum and polar granule are present. Sporocysts have a rounded end opposite the nipple-like Stieda body atop a prominent sub-Stieda body and are 14.4 x 8.0 (12–15.5 x 6.5–9) μm. Sporocysts contain a diffuse granular residuum, and each sporozoite has two different-sized refractile bodies.
A new Rovno amber termite genus (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae) from Styr river basin

Lukotermes milescaput gen. et sp. nov. is described on the basis of a dealate specimen from the Eocene amber of Vladimirets district of Rovno region (Ukraine). We provisionally attribute it to the family Rhinotermitidae, subfamily Heterotermitinae for its head shape. It is remarkable for its elongate head capsule with lateral sides parallel and its tibial spur formula 2:2:2. This last character is quite infrequent in this family, also present in the closely related family Serritermitidae, questioning its phylogenetic relationships. This point will be clarified only after the discovery of other specimens showing the wing venation and the mandibular dentition. It is also a very small termite, smallest fossil rhinotermitid, and the second smallest Paleogene termite after the Ypresian genus Nanotermes Engel and Grimaldi, 2011. It was supposed that initial weight of parents was more crucial in mesothermal climates with low seasonality of Priabonian European amber forests than in tropical climate of Ypresian Cambay forest. It could be the reason why miniaturization is very strong in Cambay termites and hardly seen in Priabonian ambers, rather than taphonomic biases. Evgeny E. Perkovsky. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, 01030 Ukraine and 2 A.A. Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str. 123, Moscow,117868 Russia. perkovsk@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-79594379 André Nel. Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB) Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP50, 57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France. anel@mnhn.fr; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4241-7651
Evidence-based Practice regarding knowledge, attitude and perceived barriers of Mangalore Physical Therapists: A Survey

Evidence-based Practice is defined as usage of current best evidence which is conscientious, explicit and judicious in deciding on the care of the individual. It is one of the vital decision-making processes in the medical profession. Though India is renowned as a center for medical education, there is scarcity regarding the literature on evidence-based practice. The survey aims to identify the prevalence of evidence-based practice among the physical therapists of Mangalore. The study protocol submitted to scientific research committee and Ethical institutional committee, K.M. C. Mangalore Manipal University. On approval, the questionnaire had been distributed among the physical therapists of Mangalore through mails and in the written form. The questionnaire consists of questions divided into eight sections: 1) consent form 2) current practice status; 3) demographic data; 4) behavior; 5) previous knowledge of E.B. P. resources; 6) skills and available resources; 7) Opinions regarding E.B. P.; 8)Perceived barriers regarding E.B. P. The emails were sent through Google forms to all the physical therapists, and hard copies were distributed among the selected physical therapists. The response rate for the emails was 13.1%. The response collected through hard copies was 178, whereas total hard copies distributed was 320, the participants rejected some due to lack of interest. In total, including emails and hard copy questionnaire 205 was the response rate in which all were practicing physical therapy as their primary profession. The findings of the study will pave the way to identify the status of evidence-based practice as well as help in designing promotional programmers for evidence-based practice.
486-493 Mohd Zain R.pmd

The determination of HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs) towards antiretroviral (ARV) drugs among HIV-1 treated patients with virological failure is crucial for further management of the patient. This study aimed to assess the most common genomic mutation and to analyse subtypes among the HIV-1 patients with viral load level > 1,000 copies/mL. A total of 101 virological failure HIV-1 patients from four different regions of Peninsular Malaysia with a viral load measurement facility were included in the study. Majority of patients (89.1%) have at least 1 mutation associated with clinical resistance to either protease inhibitors (PIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Major resistance mutations among the patients towards NRTIs and NNRTIs were 70.3% and 18.8%, respectively. The most common mutation for NRTIs was M184V while K103N mutation was detected in the majority of patients who were treated with NNRTIs. The most commonly observed mutations for major PI and minor PI seen among the study population were V82A/T and L10V, respectively. In HIV-1 subtype analysis, CRF33_01B was the most predominant HIV-1 subtype in this study group. The vast detection of DRMs in this study emphasized the importance of genotypic resistance test in the management of HIV patients as DRMs can alter patient’s susceptibility towards ARV drugs. Further study on larger number of samples is essential for the development of a database on HIV-1 DRMs among patients that experience virological failure in Malaysia.