Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of mineral fertilization (NPK) on the quality of apricot fruit (cv. Canino). The effect of the mode of nitrogen supply

La qualite de l'abricot, destine notamment a subir une transformation industrielle, est fortement liee a la teneur en certains composes tels les polyphenols, principaux marqueurs de notre etude, les sucres et les acides organiques. A cet effet l'objectif du present travail consiste a etudier l'incidence de la fertilisation minerale sur l'evolution de ces reponses dites de qualite. Cette etude a ete menee dans le verger experimental de la Societe de Developpement Agricole situe au sud de Marrakech (Maroc). Un plan d'experiences avec quatre facteurs: azote, phosphore et potassium, chacun avec deux niveaux, et deux modes de fractionnement d'azote (avec 1/3 d'N au mois de fevrier et 2/3 au mois d'avril ou 2/3 d'N au mois de fevrier et 1/3 au mois d'avril) a ete mis en place. Le poids moyen du fruit, l'indice refractometrique et l'acidite libre ont ete mesures dans les abricots recoltes a maturite commerciale. De meme, les composes phenoliques, les sucres et acides organiques ont ete analyses et leurs concentrations sont determinees moyennant la chromatographie liquide haute performance (HPLC). Les resultats obtenus montrent que les fruits issus d'arbres fertilises avec 80 kg ha -1 d'azote montrent des accumulations importantes des differentes classes de composes phenoliques, des teneurs en sucres relativement elevees et des concentrations en acides organiques moindres comparativement aux fruits issus d'arbres ayant recus une dose de 150 kg ha -1 . Pour cette derniere dose, le poids moyen du fruit a ete trouve plus important. La faible dose de l'engrais potassique (60 kg ha -1 ) permet de produire des abricots avec de faibles teneurs en polyphenols et en sucres par rapport a la dose elevee (120 kg ha -1 ). S'agissant du phosphore, l'effet de ce fertilisant est moins important sur l'elaboration de la qualite du fruit. A l'oppose, le mode de fractionnement de l'azote joue un role non negligeable sur les differentes reponses de qualite etudiees. Il semblerait que le deuxieme apport agit plus sur l'accumulation des composes phenoliques et le poids moyen du fruit, alors que c'est le premier apport qui tend a stimuler la biosynthese des acides organiques. Parmi toutes les interactions mises en evidence dans ce travail, l'interaction azoto-potassique apparait jouer un role determinant sur les criteres de qualite du fruit. Ce resultat montre en consequence une large interdependance de ces deux fertilisants.
The variations in milk yields caused by season of the year, service, age, and dry period, and their elimination: Part IV. Dry period, and standardisation of yields

This paper describes a statistical analysis of the records collected by the Norfolk Milk Recording Society (3918 lactations), comparing the results with those obtained from the records of the Penrith M.R. S. (already published). As in the case of Penrith, autumn calvers were found to average more milk in a lactation than spring calvers, but the best months of calving were two months later—i.e. October to February instead of August to December; this is because in the case of Norfolk, yields are maintained well throughout the winter, whereas they fall off very rapidly in the Penrith district from February to April, and if this bad period comes early in the lactation a low yield results. The yield falls off, in both districts, very rapidly during summer (after the flush of grass in spring) and particularly during the two periods June-July and September-October; the average rates at which the yield declines during different calendar months, appears to provide the explanation of the variation in yield according to the month of calving. Seasonal variations appear to be nutritional, rather than meteorological, in nature, and it seems probable that with more knowledge of feeding and management they should be largely eliminated; the greatest scope for improvement lies in summer, when it is suggested arrangements should be made for a supply of catch-crops for feeding green, and this supplementing of the grass should begin much earlier in the year—i.e. beginning of June in normal seasons—than is generally believed.
Revisited Anatomy of Additional Heads of Biceps Brachii Muscle and Coexisting Musculocutaneous Nerve Variants

Introduction: To determine the incidence and gross morphology of additional head of biceps brachii in the Indian population, and to note concurrent musculocutaneous nerve variations. Subjects and Methods : One hundred and twenty upper limbs (males- 100, females- 20) from 60 formalin-embalmed cadavers were utilized for the study. Results: The additional heads were found in 11 cadavers. Third head was present in 16.6% and fourth head in 1.7%. The variation was unilateral in 72.7% and bilateral in 27.3% cadavers. Out of 120 limbs, 14 had additional head, and 71.4% of these were left-sided. In 73.3%, additional head joined with tendon and with the belly of BB in 26.7%. Three types of origin: anterolateral, posteromedial and high humeral were observed in 60%, 26.7% and 13.3%, respectively. The additional muscle was 11.7 ± 3.9 cm in length. The mean length on the right and left sides was 9.8 ± 3.3 cm and 12.4 ± 3.9 cm, respectively. Incidence of concurrent additional head and musculocutaneous variations was 42.8%. The nerve variations were unilateral with 80% on the left, and ipsilateral to additional muscle. Conclusion: The incidence of additional head in biceps brachii is 18.3% in the Indian population. Most common presentation is of a left-sided third head, and musculocutaneous variants occur on the same side as additional muscle. Presence of extra head should be considered during the analysis of the diagnostic scans, and awareness of the associated musculocutaneous nerve variations would be helpful in avoiding complications during surgical interventions.
New Longhorn Beetles from Puerto Rico (West Indies) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Abstract A new genus, Boricyrtinus, and four new species, Merostenus charynae, Eugamandus ricarti, Decarthria boricua, and Boricyrtinus nilseni are described from Puerto Rico. A key to the genera of the Cyrtinini of the Western Hemisphere is presented.
Assessment of Genetic Structure of Sea Trout (Salmo trutta trutta L.) Populations in the Nemunas River Tributaries Based on Mitochondrial DNA Variation

Adult sea trout individuals caught during their spawning migration in the Nemunas, Jūra, Vilnia and Žeimena rivers were analysed. The level of genetic variation was assessed in the samples by means of the mitochondrial DNA ND1 segment RFLP analysis. Five composite haplotypes were observed in the sea trout populations of the Nemunas basin with significant levels of interpopulation diversity allowing determination of separate management units. The genetic structure of the Vilnia sea trout population preliminary demonstrated the influence of the artificial stocking of farmed sea trout into this river. The total genetic variation in the sea trout populations from the Nemunas basin was compared to the existing data from other populations within the Baltic Sea drainage. According to the results of mtDNA analysis, populations of sea trout in Lithuanian rivers might be derived from eastern glacial refugia.
Emergence of sexual size dimorphism and stage‐specific effects of elevated temperature on growth rate and development rate in Harmonia axyridis

Temperature is considered to be the most important environmental factor influencing the performance of ectotherms because it determines the rate of most biochemical reactions and thus the efficiency of metabolism and its function. Unfortunately, most studies investigate the effects of temperature on individuals exposed to a particular temperature regime during their whole pre‐imaginal development and detailed information on variation of the temperature effects during ontogeny is rare. In the present study, the effects of the timing of exposure to a transient period of elevated temperature during ontogeny on development rate and growth rate are investigated for the ladybird Harmonia axyridis Pallas. Control beetles are reared at a constant temperature of 20 °C, whereas treated beetles are reared at 20 °C but are exposed to 33 °C for 48 h either during the early‐larval stage, third‐larval instar, fourth‐larval instar or the pupal stage. The rate of development and the growth rate are both accelerated because the timing of exposure to elevated temperature occurred later in pre‐imaginal development (i.e. development rate and growth rate are highest in individuals exposed to elevated temperature during the pupal stage). An exception to this pattern is the lowering of development rate in individuals exposed to elevated temperature during the fourth‐larval instar. Female H. axyridis have a significantly higher development rate and growth rate than males. However, the relative difference in growth rate between the sexes is much higher than the difference in development rate between sexes, resulting in a female‐biased size (mass) dimorphism in adult beetles.
Une note sur l’analyse du constituant pour le français (A Note on constituent parsing for French)

Cet article traite des analyses d’erreurs quantitatives et qualitatives sur les résultats de l’analyse syntaxique des constituants pour le français. Pour cela, nous étendons l’approche de Kummerfeld et al. (2012) pour français, et nous présentons les détails de l’analyse. Nous entraînons les systèmes d’analyse syntaxique statistiques et neuraux avec le corpus arboré pour français, et nous évaluons les résultats d’analyse. Le corpus arboré pour le français fournit des étiquettes syntagmatiques à grain fin, et les caractéristiques grammaticales du corpus affectent des erreurs d’analyse syntaxique.
BIOCONTROL OF PHYTOPHTHORA CAPSICI ON PEPPER PLANTS BY BACILLUS MEGATERIUM STRAINS

Phytophthora blight or crown blight of peppers, caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian, is one of the most important diseases of pepper in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. The possibility to reduce disease severity using phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was investigated in growth room and field experiments. The pepper plants, inoculated with the pathogen after pre-inoculation with three phosphate-solubilizing strains of Bacillus megaterium employed alone or in combination, were monitored for growth parameters and disease severity. Inoculation with the selected strains significantly reduced disease severity in field experiments and two strains increased the yield by 36.2 and 47.7% compared to untreated controls. Bacteria were identified by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling.
Cell Surface Display of Salmonella Outer Membrane Protein A on Lactobacillus salivarius: A First Step Towards Food-Grade Live Vaccine Against Salmonella Infections

As one of the most important pathogens in both humans and animals, Salmonella is a significant health problem, especially in the developing countries. Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) is among the major outer membrane proteins of Salmonella with strong immunogenicity. Vaccination is an effective tool for the prevention of Salmonella infections. Lactic acid bacteria are the normal flora of gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In this research, lactobacilli from different parts of chicken GI tract were isolated and evaluated for bile salts and acidic pH tolerance. One strain isolated from the small intestine was identified as Lactobacillus salivarius by carbohydrate fermentation test and 16SrRNA partial sequencing. To address the need for safe oral vaccine to control Salmonella infection, we engineered this natural chicken isolate of L. salivarius to express OmpA under promotion of Lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) promoter. The surface displayed OmpA reacted with anti-OmpA in ELISA, Immunoblotting and flow cytometry assays, suggesting that the expressed protein adopted a native conformation. Strong agglutination reaction of the recombinant lactobacilli with sera of the naturally Salmonella infected chickens showed the multivalency and overexpression of the OmpA on the surface of L. salivarius. Experimental infection assay confirmed that the engineered commensal bacteria could be an attractive candidate as food-grade live vaccine against Salmonella infections.
TYPES OF NECTAR IN ANGIOSPERMS

Summary 1 The nectar of 889 species and some fifty varieties of Angiosperms has been analysed by paper partition chromatography. 2 Ten different types of nectar are distinguished (with two or three very uncommon types in addition) and are broadly classified into: (a) Nectars with dominant sucrose. (b) Balanced nectars with about equal amounts of sucrose, fructose and glucose. (c) Nectars with dominant fructose + glucose. 3 Three oligosaccharides occurring in nectar are identified and a fourth is named tentatively. 4 Eight hundred and twenty-eight species appear to have nectar of constant composition: sixty-one species have nectar which varies distinctly. The variation does not appear to be linked with locality or date of sampling. 5 The distribution of nectar types is traced through the Herbaceae. 6 Sucrose-dominated nectars appear to be associated with long-tubed flowers having protected nectar, and fructose +glucose-dominated nectars with ‘open’flowers having unprotected nectars. 7 Many humble- and honey-bee, butterfly and moth flowers have nectars with sucrose more or less strongly predominating over fructose and glucose. 8 The climax groups of the Cruciferae, Umbelliferae, a section of the Compositae, the Euphorbiales and the herbaceous Rosaceae have a completely broken-down nectar of equal parts of fructose and glucose which is technically honey. 9 The preference of Apis mellifera for certain sugar mixtures and the types of nectar in some honey-bee flowers are explored.
Chemical Characterization of Raw Milk Samples with and Without Oxidative Off-Flavor

Abstract Milk samples with and without oxidized flavor were obtained from two different commercial dairy herds. Milk components that are important for the susceptibility of milk fat to spontaneous oxidation, (i.e., fatty acid composition and the concentrations of α-tocopherol, β -carotene, and ascorbic acid) were analyzed to describe the variation in the susceptibility of milk fat to oxidation in raw milk. The samples were also analyzed using dynamic headspace gas chromatography to determine volatile oxidation products, primarily straight-chain aldehydes. The results showed that milk samples exhibiting off-flavor had higher linoleic acid content in the neutral fat fraction. At one farm, the concentrations of both α-tocopherol and β -carotene were lower in samples that demonstrated off-flavor. At the other farm, this difference was not statistically significant. Milk with off-flavor also had significantly higher concentrations of hexanal. The data were also analyzed by principal component regression. The results from this analysis indicated that the causative factors for the oxidation were different for the two herds.
Influence of experimental warming and shading on host–parasitoid synchrony

As the climate warms, many species are showing altered phenology patterns, potentially disrupting synchrony between interacting species. Recent studies have documented disrupted synchrony in plant–herbivore and predator–prey interactions. However, studies investigating climate‐related asynchrony in host–parasitoid interactions and exploring the relative responses of interacting hosts and parasitoids to climate change are lacking. This is an important gap in knowledge given the ubiquity of insect parasitoids and their importance in influencing the abundance and dynamics of their hosts. In the threatened marsh fritillary butterfly Euphydryas aurinia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and its specialized parasitoid, Cotesia bignellii (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) phenological synchrony (and consequently population fluctuations) are thought to be weather‐dependent. To assess the likely influence of climate and microenvironment change on synchrony between E. aurinia and C. bignellii, we experimentally manipulated the exposure of sensitive‐stage host larvae and parasitoid pupae to temperature (ambient or elevated) and shading (shaded or unshaded) regimes. We also analysed a 20‐year population dynamic dataset from the United Kingdom for E. aurinia to investigate whether population variations could be explained by interannual variations in the thermal and sunshine environment. Development times were affected significantly by the experimental temperature and shading treatments for E. aurinia but not for C. bignellii. However, the contrasting responses were insufficient to significantly affect host availability for parasitoids. In the field, thermal and sunshine conditions did not influence population fluctuations, and population variations across a large (UK‐wide) scale were uncorrelated. Changes to the thermal and sunshine environment of the magnitude investigated in our experiment and within the range experienced by wild E. aurinia populations over the last 20‐years thus seem unlikely to cause breakdown in host–parasitoid synchrony. We suggest that experiments investigating the mechanistic responses of interacting species to environmental change are needed to support the analysis and interpretation of observational data on species' phenology.
Nitrite assimilation by the yeast Candida nitratophila

summary Nitrite uptake in the nitrate-assimilating yeast, Candida nitratophila, was inhibited completely by addition of nitrate or ammonium to cultures at pH 8.0). Nitrite assimilation in these cultures was also completely dependent on the availability of a suitable carbon source (glucose), In cultures at pH 5.0, neither nitrate nor ammonium inhibited nitrite uptake completely. In these cultures, some nitrite was assimilated in the absence of a carbon source. Carbon-deficient cultures at pH 5.0 were able to reduce nitrite to ammonium but excreted this ammonium without further assimilation, Evidence for the uptake of nitrite by passive diffusion and by active transport via the nitrate uptake system is discussed.
Study on Floral Biology of Gladiolus Genotypes

This study was conducted in the field of Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore, India. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with different genotypes replicated three times. Observations were recorded for sixteen floral characters. Among different genotypes, viz., ‘Arka Kesar', ‘H.S. 84-7-11' and ‘Shobha' were early in respect of days to spike emergence, full spike emergence, the first bud showing color, basal bud loosening and flowering. Duration of spike emergence to flowering was long in ‘Psittacinus hybrid' (14.18 days),' H.S. 87-22-11'(13.17 days) and ‘Dhiraj' (13.13 days). Duration of first floret bud loosening to complete opening of florets was short in ‘Shobha' (21 hours 31 minutes), ‘H.S. 84-7-11'(21 hours 53 minutes) and ‘Darshan ‘(21 hours 58 minutes). Duration of initiation and completion of anther dehiscence was long in ‘Psittacinus hybrid ‘ (5 hours 19 minutes) and ‘H.S. 82-11-27' (5 hours 7 minutes). Duration of initiation to completion of stigma receptivity was long in ‘H.S. 87-22-1' (4 days 1 hour 37 minutes), ‘Tilak' (4 days 1 hour) and ‘H.S. 87-1-1'(3 days 22 hours 59 minutes). Key words : Anther dehiscence; Gladiolus; Spike; Stigma receptivity DOI: 10.3126/njst.v10i0. 2821 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Volume 10, 2009 December Page: 37-43
The importance of sample kinds for Salmonella spp. isolation.

Summary Poultry and its products are one of the most frequent sources of food born diseases caused by Salmonella. Since it is a dangerous zoonosis, examination of its presence is required by regulations and the control of flocks is compulsory. Salmonella may not be isolated with equal certainty in different material, what may cause suspicion towards the obtained findings. The subject of our research was to follow presence of Salmonella in different organs and poultry feces with the aim to determine if there is a correlation between positive findings and the type of samples. Materials for this trial were the poultry samples delivered to our Laboratory as part of regular examinations on Salmonella. In the paper are presented the findings from 2005, 2006 and 2007 year. Isolation of Salmonella was carried out on selective and differentiating media. The isolates were determined by their physiology characteristics, and confirmed by serotypisation of sera. The obtained results show that in the year 2007, when the majority of materials were feces, the findings of Salmonella were 3.42% comparing to the year 2005 and 2006 when the majority of the samples were from the organs, and positive finds of Salmonella were over 6%. Based on these data it may be concluded that examination of poultry organs was more successful much better comparing to the examination of feces, in determines Salmonella presents in poultry production.
Two new Peripatopsis species (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae) from the Western Cape province, South Africa

A recent study based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene sequences from the widely distributed Cape velvet worm species Peripatopsis capensis (Grube, 1866) revealed thepresence of three distinct, geographically exclusive clades characterised by marked sequence divergence values. Two of thethree clades were recognised as novel species and are described in the present manuscript. Gross morphology and scanningelectron microscopy (SEM), in conjuction with the genetic data, were used to discriminate the species. Two new species, P. lawrencei sp. nov. and P. overbergiensis sp. nov., are described and compared with P. capensis sensu stricto. The implications of these results on the conservation management are discussed.
Uso do espaço por pequenos mamíferos: uma análise dos estudos realizados no Brasil

O uso do espaco refere-se a quantidade, qualidade e intensidade de exploracao do habitat em uma determinada localidade, sendo importante determinante da distribuicao e abundância de especies animais. Os pequenos mamiferos brasileiros tem sido utilizados como modelos para avaliar o uso do espaco por mamiferos tropicais, mas pouco se sabe sobre a representatividade do conhecimento obtido em termos de especies, biomas, atributos abordados e tecnicas utilizadas. Neste estudo, fi zemos uma revisao da literatura publicada sobre o tema no periodo de 1945 a 2007. Foram encontrados 58 estudos, a maioria (65%) destes realizada na Mata Atlântica. Neste bioma, marsupiais e roedores foram analisados em 86% e 53% dos artigos respectivamente, mas no Cerrado essas proporcoes mudaram para 44% e 100%. Um pequeno numero de generos de marsupiais e roedores concentra a maior parte das informacoes existentes sobre o uso do espaco. Somente 14% dos estudos avaliaram o uso vertical do espaco. A grande maioria (75%) das publicacoes utilizou a tecnica de captura-marcacao-recaptura com armadilhas (CMR). O conhecimento atual sobre o uso do espaco e limitado por ser baseado principalmente em um pequeno numero de generos de um unico bioma (Mata Atlântica), em estudos que utilizaram uma tecnica que nao amostra grande parte da movimentacao dos animais (CMR). Novos estudos que preencham as lacunas aqui apontadas podem permitir a deteccao e o estabelecimento de padroes mais gerais de uso do espaco por mamiferos tropicais.