Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in sugar content in cultivars potato tubers depending on the weed control methods Zmiana zawartości cukrów w odmianach bulw ziemniaka w zależności od sposobu odchwaszczania

Summary The research results are derived from a field experiment, which was carried out between the years 2008–2010. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the weed control methods with herbicides (Command 480 EC 0.2 l/ha, Command 480 EC 0.2 l/ha + Afalon Dyspersyjny 450 SC 1.0 l/ha, Stomp 3.5 l/ha, Stomp 3.5 l/ha + Afalon Dyspersyjny 450 SC 1.0 l/ha) on the total sugar content, reducing sugars and sacharose in the tubers of three cultivars (Cekin, Satina, Tajfun) potato. Statistical analysis showed no significant effect of weed control methods and cultivar on the total sugar content, reducing sugars and sucrose in potato tubers. However, the results showed that sugar content depended significantly on weather conditions during the growing season.
Equilibrium study of adsorption of Pb2+ from aqueous solution onto Algerian bentonite clay

The adsorption of Pb(II) onto Algerian bentonite clay (Mostaganem region) was examined with respect to adsorbent dosage, solution pH, shaking time and initial concentration of metal. The results showed that the removal efficiency of Pb+2 by Algerian bentonite clay could reach 92% when the initial concentration of metal ions was 10 mg/L and shaking time 2 h. Two isotherm equations, the Freundlich and Langmuir models, were applied to describe equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of Pb+2. The experimental results indicated that Algerian clay had significant potential for removing Pb+2 from wastewater using the adsorption method and a low-cost adsorbent.
Atomic Absorption and Flame Photometry: Techniques and Uses in Soil, Plant, and Water Analysis

The determination of available essential plant nutrient elements in soils and plants is necessary if yields are to be maintained at a high and efficient production level. Even elements which are not essential for plant growth but which can affect crop yields or animal and human health are becoming increasingly important. Much of the early research in developing analytical procedures for determing the elemental content of soils and plants was performed in agricultural research laboratories. Precipitation and colorimetric techniques were employed to determine essential elements, such asP, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn. Agricultural chemists were responsible for some ofthedevelopments leading to the extensive use of flame emission and, more recently, of atomic absorption spectroscopy in research, soil testing, and plant analysis laboratories. The impact of these two analytical techniques has been considerable. Flame emission provided for much of the advance in the knowledge of potassium soil and plant chemistry. More recently, atomic absorption spectroscopy has allowed researchers to expand our knowledge of the micronutrients essential for plant growth. Although flame emission and atomic absorption offer the analyst unique advantages over older methods of analysis, they are not without their limitations. Sample preparation, standardization techniques, element interferences, and instrument characteristics must be carefully evaluated for each analytical procedure employed. Although atomic absorption has been of more recent primary interest, flame emission still offers the analyst advantages over atomic absorption for certain elements.
Relationships Between Fermentative Gas Pressure and Quality Changes of Packaged Kimchi at Different Temperatures

Kimchi packed in polypropylene(PP) tray was stored at different temperatures (0, 10, ) to investigate the relationships between fermentative gas pressure and quality changes. The quality of Kimchi during storage was evaluated in terms of pH, titratable acidity, color, and sensory properties. The fermentative gas pressure changes due to evolution showed typical sigmoidal curves at each temperature. Accordingly, inflation of Kimchi packages caused by increasing gas pressure occurred in 40 hours, 5 and 30 days at 20, 10, , respectively, at which gas pressure inside the packages ranged . Following inflation, Kimchi packages stored at 20 and were burst out on 3 and 8 days, but those at were not. As the fermentative gas pressure increased, pH decreased (r > 0.968) and titratable acidity increased (r > 0.973) proportionally. Regarding to the color change of crushed Kimchi juice, L and b values were decreased exponentially, but a value remained constant during storage. Among sensory properties, the sourness and texture scores showed good accordance with pH changes. In conclusion, although Kimchi kept optimal tastes during storage, the inflation of package restricted shelf-life of Kimchi.
IWGDF Guideline on the prevention of foot ulcers in persons with diabetes

The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) has published evidence-based guidelines on the prevention and management of diabetic foot disease since 1999. This guideline is on the prevention of foot ulceration in persons with diabetes and updates the 2015 IWGDF prevention guideline. We followed the GRADE methodology to devise clinical questions and critically important outcomes in the PICO format, to conduct a systematic review of the medical-scientific literature, and to write recommendations and their rationale. The recommendations are based on the quality of evidence found in the systematic review, expert opinion where evidence was not available, and a weighing of the benefits and harms, patient preferences, feasibility and applicability, and costs related to the intervention. We recommend to screen a person at very low risk for ulceration annually for loss of protective sensation and peripheral artery disease, and persons at higher risk at higher frequencies for additional risk factors. For preventing a foot ulcer, educate the at-risk patient about appropriate foot self-care and treat any pre-ulcerative sign on the foot. Instruct moderate-to-high risk patients to wear accommodative properly fitting therapeutic footwear, and consider instructing them to monitor foot skin temperature. Prescribe therapeutic footwear that has a demonstrated plantar pressure relieving effect during walking to prevent plantar foot ulcer recurrence. In patients that fail non-surgical treatment for an active or imminent ulcer, consider surgical intervention; we suggest not to use a nerve decompression procedure. Provide integrated foot care for high-risk patients to prevent ulcer recurrence. Following these recommendations will help healthcare professionals to provide better care for persons with diabetes at risk of foot ulceration, to increase the number of ulcer-free days and reduce the patient and healthcare burden of diabetic foot disease. © 2019 The International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot IWGDF Prevention Guideline
Simple analytical solutions for oxygen transfer into anaerobic groundwater

The oxygen flux from the atmosphere into aquifers plays a key role for the biodegradation of organic solutes in groundwater and changing the water chemistry in general. In this paper, simple analytical solutions for the reactive transport of oxygen into groundwater are derived and compared to numerical models. The oxygen transfer is described analogous to diffusion into a semi‐infinite domain with instantaneous reaction. We assume the capillary fringe does not exist and the concentration of oxygen is constant at the water table. Steady state analytical solutions are derived for the oxygen flux and for the concentration profiles of the reactants and products that could be volatile and nonvolatile. The simple approach is validated with numerical simulations. We can show that the analytical solutions agree very well with the numerical model. On the basis of this finding, simple analytical solutions can be used to calculate the depth of oxidation fronts in groundwater and the reactive transport of oxygen into groundwater.
HEAVY METALS REMOVAL BY MARINE SULFATE REDUCING BACTERIA

Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) was isolated from marine sediment of Sidi Kerir, Alexandria and selected according to its high tolerance to different heavy metals (Cd2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+), Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions showed high inhibitory effect on the SRB. The results showed that more resistance towards these examined heavy metals was achieved on adjusting the culture medium of SRB at pH 7 and 30˚C and it depends on the type of metal. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each heavy metal was determined and the SRB heavy metal tolerance showed a descending order from Hg2+ , Pb2+ , Cd2 , Zn2+ then +Cu2+ ions. Moreover, the tested metals affected the specific growth rate and the total cell protein of the SRB. The obtained results indicated that marine SRB has a high tolerance level (500µM) towards the most toxic heavy metals (Hg2+ and Cd2+ ions) and it is promising to be used in removing not only mercury but also cadmium ions from marine environments.
Nitrate Reduction in Water Using Commercial Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts (P25, P90, and Hombikat UV100)

AbstractPhotocatalytic nitrate reduction was examined in a model water and in groundwater by using three commercially available titanium dioxide photocatalysts (Evonik P25, Evonik P90, and Sachtleben Hombikat UV100). The photocatalysts were characterized using uniform methods (TEM, XRD, surface area, UV-VIS, surface charge) and their photocatalytic activity was differentiated using these results. Under all experimental conditions, P25 and P90 were superior to UV100, and P90 outperformed P25 with nitrate reductions as high as 77% at the maximum irradiance level used (6.46×1022 photons/L). The photocatalytic nitrate reduction activity was found to be dependent on the rate of recombination, pH, and the total photocatalyst surface area, with the recombination rate being the limiting variable. Nitrate reduction was more efficient in model water than in groundwater that contained constituents capable of occupying photocatalyst surface sorption sites or scavenging conduction band electrons. The greater efficien.
OCCURRENCE OF NEMATODE – ANTAGONISTIC FUNGI AND BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH PHYTONEMATODES IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF WHEAT GROWN IN DIFFERENT GOVERNORATES OF EGYPT

Survey of plant – parasitic nematodes and their fungal and bacterial antagonists in the rhizosphere of wheat was done in eight governorates, Egypt. A total of 467 soil sample were collected from 72 locations during 2017-2018 growing season. Samples contained eleven phytonematodes, four of them were more common in samples namely, Helicotylenchus spp. , Heterodera spp. , Pratylenchus spp. , and Tylenchorhynchus spp. Fifteen nematode-antagonistic fungi were isolated/ from the wheat rhizosphere, nine of them were nematophagous fungi viz. Arthrobotrys conoides, A.oligospora, Dactylaria brochopaga, D.thaumasia var. longa, Dactylella spp. , Monacrosporium spp. , Harposporium anguillulae, Meria spp. , Verticillium spp. , and six of them were fungi producing toxic substances viz. Alternaria spp. , Aspergillus spp. , A.niger, Fusarium spp. , Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. Penicillium spp. , A. conoides, D. Thaumasia var longa, Asperigillus spp. , Verticillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. were the most frequent in samples, their % frequencies were 28.2%, 28.0%, 28.0%, 22.0%, 16.0% and 9.0%, respectively. Six rhizobacteria colonies, Bacillus (Bsp1, Bsp2, Bsp3), Pseudomonas (PsP1, Psp2) and Serratia sp. were also isolated from wheat rhizosphere. Psp1, Bsp2 and Bsp1 isolates were the most frequent with 100%, 75.5% and 62.5% frequency, respectively.
Influence of organic sources of nutrients on the yield and economics of crops under maize based cropping system.

2 Abstract: Field exp eriments were c onducted f rom June 2001 to A pril 2003 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore with an objective t o e valuate the organic sources of nutrients and Panchagavya spray on the y ield and economics of crops in t he m aize - sunflower - green gram cropping s ystem. The experiment consisted of nine treatments comprising six treatments of organic sources of nutrients with and without Panchagavya (blend of five p roducts obtained from cow) f oliar sp ray; two treatments were recommended dose of fertilizers with a nd wi thout recommended foliar spray and one control (neither manured nor fertilizer appliedl). The treatments were f itted i n a randomized block design replicated thrice. The st udy revealed that higher yield of maize and sunflower was recorded under B iogas slurry (BGS) wi th Panchagavya. G rain yie ld of gre engram was h igher u nder recommended fertilizer tre atments but it was comparable t o BGS w ith Panchagavya. T he economic analysis showed that B GS with Panchagavya was commercially viable si nce it registered t he highest net returns and B CR than
Polyethers containing 3,6-diarylcarbazolyl groups as polymeric materials for hole transporting layers of OLEDs

Several polyethers containing pendent 3,6-diarylcarbazolyl moieties have been synthesized by the multi-step synthetic routes. Full characterization of their structures is presented. The polymers represent materials of high thermal stability with initial thermal degradation temperatures exceeding 419 °C. The glass transition temperatures of the amorphous materials were in the range of 66–108 °C. The electron photoemission spectra of thin layers of the polymers showed ionization potentials in the range of 5.47–5.69 eV. Hole transporting properties of the polymeric materials were tested in the structures of organic light emitting diodes with Alq3 as the green emitter. The device containing hole transporting layers of the polymer with 3,6-di(4-biphenyl)carbazolyl moieties exhibited the best overall performance with a maximum photometric efficiency of about 2.3 cd/A and maximum brightness exceeding 2630 cd/m2.
The Comparison Between Two Mathematical Contractile Elements Integrated into an hiPSC-CM In-silico Model

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are a valuable tool for in vitro drug testing and disease studies. As contractility has become one of the main experimental outputs, hiPSC-CMs in silico models should also feature the mechanisms of force generation. Thus, we integrated two contractile elements (CE), Rice2008 and Negroni2015, into Paci2020 hiPSC-CM model. The simulated force-Ca2+ relationships from skinned versions of the CEs revealed rather close pCa50 values for both CEs: 6.17 and 6.10, respectively for Rice2008 and Negroni2015. However, Hill's coefficients for the two curves were 7.30 and 3.6. The relationships agreed with in vitro data from human engineered heart tissues. Most of the biomarkers measured from simulated spontaneous action potentials (APs) and Ca2+ transients (CaTs) showed good agreement with in vitro data for both CEs. The active peak force observed in paced conditions (1 Hz) and at extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o) of 1.8 mM was 0.011 nM/mm2 for Paci2020+Rice2008 and 0.57 mN/mm2 for Paci2020+Negroni2015. These values match, qualitatively with the 0.26 mN/mm2 peak force reported previously in vitro at [Ca2+]o=1.8 mM Our results set an opening to develop more sophisticated hiPSC-CM models featuring both electrophysiology and biomechanics.
Assessment of LIBS for Spectrochemical Analysis: A Review

Abstract This review assesses the applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for the analysis of a variety of samples, including biomaterials (teeth, nail, hair, gallstones, and kidney stones, etc.), food materials (fruits and vegetables, milk, salt, nutritional supplements, etc.), medicinal plants, industrial waste, liquid samples, etc. In addition, for the first time the identification of cholesterol and pigment stones was performed on the basis of atomic lines of different elements and molecular bands of C2 molecules present in the LIBS spectra of gallstones. Chemometric techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA) was also applied to LIBS data for rapid identification/classification of different gallstone samples. LIBS analysis of toxic/heavy elements present in vegetables (spinach, tomato) and rice is also presented in this review. It was observed that vegetables grown near industrial areas are rich in several toxic metals like Pb and Cr. The wastewater samples from different industries were also analyzed by recording their spectra using a liquid jet. These results clearly demonstrate the ability of LIBS technique as an instant monitoring device to detect heavy metals present in liquid samples. Finally, this review shows that LIBS is a versatile analytical technique with unlimited applications.
The Effect of Fruit Bearing on Low-molecular-weight Metabolites in Stems of Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.)

In citrus, fruit bearing affects floral induction and the nutritional condition of the tree. For this reason, bearing too many or too few fruit causes fluctuation in flower number the following spring. This in turn leads to annual alternation between rich and poor crops, known as alternate bearing. To identify the metabolites related to alternate bearing, quantitative metabolomics analysis was conducted with stem tissues of vegetative shoots collected in November. Twelve Satsuma mandarin trees bearing different amounts of fruit were used in this study. Fruit weight per leaf area of these trees was significantly and negatively correlated with the expression of a flowering-related gene, citrus FLOWERING LOCUS T, in the stem in November and the number of flower buds the following spring. In metabolomics analysis, adenosine triphosphate was detected at high concentrations in lightly fruiting trees. Other coenzymes such as uridine triphosphate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and ascorbic acid were also more abundant in the off-crop trees. In addition, the off-crop trees accumulated sugar phosphates such as fructose 6-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, and ribulose 1,5-diphosphate. Furthermore, heavily fruiting trees accumulated more amino acids. These results indicate that fruit bearing affects the metabolism of coenzymes, sugars, and amino acids in the stem of vegetative shoots.
Pengaruh Kualitas Bahan Organik dan Kesuburan Tanah terhadap Mineralisasi Nitrogen dan Serapan N oleh Tanaman Ubikayu di Ultisol

Bahan organik tanah sangat berpengaruh terhadap kesuburan tanah dan produksi biomassa tanaman. Kualitas bahan organik merupakan salah satu kunci dalam menjaga kelestarian tanah, tanaman dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh kualitas bahan organik dan kesuburan tanah terhadap mineralisasi N. Untuk mengestimasi parameter mineralisasi N (potensial mineralisasi N (N0), laju mineralisasi (k), energi aktivasi (Ea) dan N0k) dilakukan percobaan inkubasi di laboratorium, menggunakan persamaan first order. Sedangkan hubungan antara parameter mineralisasi dengan serapan hara N, dilakukan dengan melakukan percobaan pot di rumah kaca. Nilai N0, k dan Ea berturut-turut adalah 400 1156 mg kg-1, 0,0056 0,098 per minggu dan 10166 31478 J mol-1. Parameter mineralisasi N berkorelasi positif dengan N larut air, N-POM, Mikrobiomassa N, C-POM, Mikrobiomassa C, N-total dan nisbah C/N serta berkorelasi positif dengan berat kering tanaman, konsentrasi N dan serapan N tanaman ubikayu. Bahan organik yang mempunyai nisbah C:N rendah dan tanah yang mempunyai tingkat kesuburan yang lebih tinggi mempunyai mineralisasi N yang lebih tinggi, yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai N0, k dan N0.k yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bahan organik dengan nisbah C:N tinggi dan kesuburan tanah yang rendah.
Excellent uniformity on large diameter GaN on silicon LED wafer

We report on the crystal quality and on-wafer device performance of GaN-on-Si LED wafers grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition on Si(111) substrates. Average XRD FWHM of 343 arcsec and 456 arcsec for the 002 and 102 reflections, respectively, are measured for GaN-on-Si template wafers and a dislocation density around 5×108 cm–2 is determined via etch pit density. Excellent electroluminescence uniformity for the 150 and 200 mm blue LED wafers was achieved. The standard deviation values measured across the wafer surface are 3.9% for the electroluminescence intensity, 0.6–0.8% for the peak wavelength and 1.3% for the forward voltage. The high uniformity confirms the viability of the GaN-on-Si technology on large substrate diameters for next generation LED manufacturing. The feasibility of a two-step growth process for LED wafers on GaN-on-Si templates is demonstrated successfully and the issues of wafer to wafer uniformity and processing yield are discussed. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flow of Super‐Concentrated Emulsions

Super concentrated emulsions, e.g., emulsion explosives, are two‐phase systems consisting of aqueous droplets dispersed in an oil phase. The concentration of the disperse phase is 92–96 w. %, liquid droplets, containing a supersaturated aqueous solution of inorganic oxidizer salts. The flow of such emulsions is determined by their Theological properties as well as the time‐dependent processes of “aging” which take place due to the thermodynamic instability of these emulsions. This work presents the results of experimental studies of the main effects that accompany the flow of such materials: non‐Newtonian flow behavior, rheopexy which manifests as a slow increase of viscosity in the low shear rate domain, linear viscoelastic behavior, and the transition of elastic modulus to non‐linearity at high amplitudes of deformation.The emulsions under study are non‐Newtonian liquids. Experiments with the shear rate sweep demonstrate that the upward and downward branches of the flow curves coincide above some specifi.
EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF GIBBERELLIC ACID AND SOME NATURAL EXTRACTS ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF FICUS BENJAMINA L. PLANTS

To evaluate the effects of the individual foliar application with gibberellic acid (GA3) or with the natural extracts; active dry yeast, Moringa oleifera and Aloe vera and the combination between them on the morphological characters of Ficus benjamina L. plants and the anatomical structure of leaves. The results revealed that treating F. benjamina plants separately either with GA3 at 200 ppm or with yeast extract at 8g/l gave the highest significant values of plant height, number of leaves/ plant, root length and fresh weights of leaves, stems and roots, in both seasons. The exception was in the branches formation; hence it was increased with GA3 at 150 ppm and the same dose of yeast extract (8g/l). The lowest values of the above mentioned characters were noticed either separately with GA3 at 50 ppm or with Aloe vera extract at 100 ml/l. The combination between GA3 at 200 ppm and yeast extract at 8g/l gave the highest significant values of most the morphological characters and the anatomical structures (Thickness of; midvein, lamina, palisade tissue and spongy tissue, in addition to main vascular bundle of midvein dimension and the mean vessel diameter). While treated the plants with GA3 at 50 ppm combined with Aloe vera extract at 100 ml/lgave the lowest values of plant height, number of leaves/plant and fresh weight of leaves, stems and roots.