Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Dietary Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Supplementation on the Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation, Immunity, and Ileal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens Challenged by Coccidia and Clostridium perfringens

Simple Summary Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an important enteric disease in poultry and causes great economic losses to the industry worldwide. Clostridium perfringens is a key etiological agent of NE and coccidiosis is a major predisposing factor to NE. With the reduction of antibiotic use in animal production, the outbreak of NE has been increasing in recent years. Probiotics, such as Lactobacilli, Bacillus, Bifidobacteria, and Enterococcus, are potentially alternative strategies to mitigate NE in poultry. The protective effects of Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei on intestinal barrier function of broilers challenged by coccidia and C. perfringens have been reported in our previous publication. The current study concluded that both Lactobacilli alleviated the impairment of intestinal stem cell proliferation and immunity in coccidia- and C. perfringens-challenged birds via modulating JAK/STAT signaling and reshaping intestinal microflora. It evidenced that L. fermentum and L. paracasei could be used to prevent or alleviate NE in poultry. Abstract This study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the intestinal stem cell proliferation, immunity, and ileal microbiota of broiler chickens challenged by coccidia and Clostridium perfringens. A total of 336 one-day-old Ross 308 chickens were randomly assigned into four groups. Chickens in the control (CTR) group were fed basal diet, and chickens in the three challenged groups were fed basal diets supplemented with nothing (CCP group), 1.0 × 109 CFU/kg L. fermentum (LF_CCP group), and 1.0 × 109 CFU/kg L. paracasei (LP_CCP group), respectively. All challenged birds were infected with coccildia on day 9 and Clostridium perfringens during days 13–18. The serum and intestinal samples were collected on days 13 and 19. The results showed that L. fermentum significantly increased jejunal gene expression of cdxB (one of the intestinal stem cell marker genes) on day 13. Additionally, L. fermentum significantly up-regulated mRNA levels of JAK3 and TYK2 and tended to increase STAT6 mRNA expression in jejunum on day 19. In the cecal tonsil, both L. fermentum and L. paracasei decreased mRNA expression of JAK2 on day 13, and L. fermentum down-regulated JAK1-2, STAT1, and STAT5-6 gene expressions on day 19. Ileal microbiological analysis showed that coccidial infection increased the Escherichia–Shigella, Lactobacillus, and Romboutsia abundance and decreased Candidatus_Arthromitus richness on day 13, which were reversed by Lactobacillus intervention. Moreover, Lactobacilli increased ileal Lactobacillus richness on day 19. In conclusion, Lactobacilli alleviated the impairment of intestinal stem cell proliferation and immunity in coccidia- and C. perfringens-challenged birds via modulating JAK/STAT signaling and reshaping intestinal microflora.
A three‐dimensional QP imaging of the shallowest subsurface of Campi Flegrei offshore caldera, southern Italy

To improve the knowledge of the shallowest subsurface of Campi Flegrei caldera, a 3‐D P wave attenuation tomography of the area was performed. We analyzed about 18,000 active seismic traces, which provided a data set of 11,873 Δt* measurements, e.g., the differential travel times to quality factor ratios. These were inverted through an adapted tomographic inversion procedure. The 3‐D tomographic images reveal an average QP about 70, interpreted as water‐saturated volcanic and marine sediments. An arc‐like, low‐QP structure at 0.5–1 km depths was interpreted as a densely fractured, fluid‐saturated rock volume, well matching the buried rim of Campi Flegrei caldera. The spatial distribution of high‐ and low‐QP bodies in the inner caldera is correlated with low‐Vp values and may reflect either the differences in the percentage of fluid saturation of sediments or the presence of vapor state fluids beneath fumarole manifestations.
Partisan Stereotyping and Polarization in Brazil

In recent decades, Brazilian voters have grown polarized between supporters of the Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers’ Party, PT), known as petistas, and its opponents, known as antipetistas. What explains this animosity? One potential source of polarization is partisan stereotyping, a tendency for partisans to misperceive the social composition of both their own side’s bases of support as well as their opponents’. We show that most Brazilians overestimate the extent to which petistas and antipetistas belong to party-stereotypical groups such as Afro-Brazilians, evangelical Christians, or poor or rich people. We then show that stereotyping is associated with polarization: the greater the bias in perceived partisan group composition, the greater the perceptions of partisan political extremism and feelings of social distance toward the partisan out-group.
PRODUCTION POTENTIAL AND ECONOMICS OF WHEAT AS INFLUENCED BY LIMING IN NORTH EASTERN REGION OF BANGLADESH

Soil acidification threatens dry land crop production in the soils of entire Sylhet region in Bangladesh. Our objective was to assess the efficacy of lime doses with agroeconomic performances of wheat varieties to lower soil acidity and increase wheat production in a direct-seeded system. Field trail was carried out at Eastern Surma Kushiara Flood Plain soil (AEZ 20) of Sylhet in the three consecutive years of 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2012-13. Treatments of wheat varieties (Bijoy, Prodip, Sufi, BARI Gom-25 and BARI Gom-26) and lime (0 and 1.5 tha -1 ) arranged in a split-plot design. Lime was applied in main plots and varieties are distributed randomly in sub plots. Soil was sampled in November 2010 to assess pH and Low pH was evident at the depth of fertilizer placement (0-30 cm). Broadcast lime increased pH up to 6.0 in 2013. The result revealed that most of the yield component viz. spikes m -2 , thousand grain weight and grain yield of wheat was significantly influenced by liming. There were variations in lime response among the wheat varieties. Results observed that all the varieties performed well in the liming plot (3.39-4.09 tha -1 ) and BARI Gom-26 produced the maximum yield (4.09 tha -1 ) among them compare to non liming one (2.48-2.97 tha -1 ). Cost benefit analysis indicated that the highest BCR was recorded in BARI Gom-26 in the liming plot that was 24% more compared to non liming plot. However, the index of relative adaptability of wheat was the maximum in BARI Gom-26 and it could be cultivated at acidic soil in Sylhet, Bangladesh.
First Chinese Cymatophlebiidae from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia (Odonata: Anisoptera: Aeshnoptera)

Sinacymatophlebia mongolica n. gen., n. sp. , the oldest and first Chinese record of the Mesozoic aeshnopteran dragonfly family Cymatophlebiidae, is described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia. K e y w o r d s : Odonata, Aeshnoptera, Cymatophlebiidae, n. gen., n. sp. , Daohugou fauna, Jiulongshan Formation, China. Z u s a m m e n f a s s u n g Sinacymatophlebia mongolica n. gen., n. sp. wird aus dem Mittel-Jura (Jiulongshan-Formation) in der Inneren Mongolei beschrieben. Es ist dies der bisher stratigraphisch älteste Nachweis der mesozoischen AeshnopteraFamilie Cymatophlebiidae und gleichzeitig deren erster Nachweis in China.
Impacts of social restrictions on mental health and health behaviours of individuals with multimorbidity during Covid-19 pandemic

Background Social restrictions and their possible impact on lifestyle make people with multimorbidity (≥2 co-existing chronic conditions) more vulnerable to poor perceived mental health and health behaviours modifications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective To understand the mental health status and health behaviour modifications among individuals with multimorbidity during different levels of COVID-19 social restrictions. Methods Longitudinal multinational cohort study consisting of two online questionnaires with its first wave taken place while social restrictions were imposed (May 2020), and its second wave with less social restrictions in place (November 2020). Including 559 participants (wave 1) and 147 participants from wave 1 (wave 2) with an average age of 34.30±12.35 and 36.21±13.07 years old. Mostly females living in Canada, France, India and Lebanon. Results The prevalence of multimorbidity was 27.68% (wave 1) and 35.37% (wave 2). While social restrictions were imposed, people with multimorbidity were 2 to 3 times more likely to experience psychological distress, depressive symptoms, increased stress or isolation than those without multimorbidity. Health behaviours were also modified during this period with people with multimorbidity being more likely to reduce their physical activity and increased their fruit and vegetable consumption. In wave 2, regardless of multimorbidity status, sexual desire continuously decreased while stress and psychological distress increased. Conclusion Mental health and health behaviours modifications occurred while social restrictions were imposed and people with multimorbidity were more severely impacted than those without multimorbidity, indicating a need for a more adapted approach of care during socially restrictive periods for this population.
Nurses’ perception of work and life under COVID-19 pandemic conditions: a qualitative study

Objectives Although nurses work and live in special and stressful conditions due to the nature of their profession, in periods of crises and pandemics, when the work pressure on nurses and the public’s need for professional services increases to extraordinary and incomparable levels compared to customary conditions, their work and life situation becomes entirely different. Therefore, what nurses experienced in the COVID-19 pandemic went beyond the typical challenges of their work environment. This study was conducted to discover nurses’ perceptions of work and life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This qualitative study was conducted with a conventional content analysis approach on 16 nurses working in the inpatient wards during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran. Data were collected through unstructured, individual, and in-depth interviews between August 2020 and June 2023 and were analyzed using content analysis with the conventional (inductive) approach of Granheim and Lundman. Results Data analysis led to the extraction of 11 subcategories, namely, “feeling a lack of support and understanding from managers,” “team cooperation and communication challenges in difficult work conditions,” “shadow of burnout,” “shortage inequity,” “dissatisfaction with unfair wages and benefits,” “not having their work and sacrifices appreciated,” “suffering and fatigue of using personal protective equipment (PPE),” “deprivation of entertainment and rest,” “fear of illness and imminent death,” “low resilience,” and “deteriorating life conditions” These 11 subcategories led to the following themes: “unsafe work environment” and “the shadow of suffering and death. ” Conclusion Nurses working in COVID-19 wards in Iran worked in an unsafe work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic and had to deal with suffering and fear of death. It is necessary to pay attention to the needs and problems of nurses, and healthcare organizations must provide the required support to maintain the physical and mental health of nurses during epidemics.
Very low isotope ratio of iron in fine aerosols related to its contribution to the surface ocean

Seven size‐fractionated aerosol samples were collected from Hiroshima, Japan, and were analyzed in terms of chemical composition, soluble fraction of iron (Fe), Fe species, and Fe isotope ratios. The results suggested that Fe in fine particles contained a larger fraction of anthropogenic aerosols than coarse particles did. Iron in the fine particles was more soluble in simulated seawater (up to 25%) than that in the coarse particles and was in the form of Fe (hydr)oxide species, such as ferrihydrite or hematite. The Fe isotope ratios (δ56Fe) of the coarse particles (+0.04‰ to +0.30‰) were close to the crustal mean value (0.0‰). By contrast, the δ56Fe values of fine particles were much lower and ranged from −2.01‰ to −0.56‰. δ56Fe values of the soluble Fe fraction in the fine particles were remarkably low (−3.91 to −1.87‰), suggesting that anthropogenic aerosols yield soluble Fe with low δ56Fe values. Such low values could be explained by kinetic isotope fractionation during evaporation of Fe at high temperatures, coupled with the refractory characteristics of Fe. Marine aerosols from the Northwest Pacific were also analyzed. The δ56Fe values in the fine particles were also lower than those in the coarse particles. These results may be important to quantitatively estimate the contribution of anthropogenic Fe deposited on the surface ocean on the basis of the Fe isotopes.
Pancreaticoduodenectomies with Concurrent Colectomies: Indications, Technical Issues, Complications, and Oncological Outcomes

Multi-visceral resections for colon and pancreatic cancer (PDAC) are feasible, safe, and justified for early and late outcomes. However, the use of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with concurrent colectomies is highly debatable in terms of morbidity and oncological benefits. Based on current literature data, this review assesses the early and long-term outcomes of PD with colectomies. The association represents a challenging but feasible option for a few patients with PDAC or locally advanced right colon cancer when negative resection margins are anticipated because long-term survival can be achieved. Concurrent colectomies during PD should be cautiously approached because they may significantly increase complication rates, including severe ones. Thus, patients should be fit enough to overcome potential severe complications. Patients with PD and colectomies can be classified as borderline resectable, considering the high risk of developing postoperative complications. Carefully selecting patients suitable for PD with concurrent colectomies is paramount to mitigate the potentially severe complications of the two surgical procedures and maximize the oncological benefits. These procedures should be performed at high-volume centers with extensive experience in pancreatectomies and colectomies, and each patient situation should be assessed using a multimodal approach, including high-quality imaging and neoadjuvant therapies, in a multidisciplinary team discussion.
Dual RNA-Seq Reveals Temperature-Mediated Gene Reprogramming and Molecular Crosstalk between Grapevine and Lasiodiplodia theobromae

High temperatures associated with a fluctuating climate profoundly accelerate the occurrence of a myriad of plant diseases around the world. A comprehensive insight into how plants respond to pathogenic microorganisms under high-temperature stress is required for plant disease management, whereas the underlying mechanisms behind temperature-mediated plant immunity and pathogen pathogenicity are still unclear. Here, we evaluated the effect of high temperature on the development of grapevine canker disease and quantified the contribution of temperature variation to the gene transcription reprogramming of grapevine and its pathogenic agent Lasiodiplodia theobromae using a dual RNA-seq approach. The results showed that both grapevine and the pathogen displayed altered transcriptomes under different temperatures, and even the transcription of a plethora of genes from the two organisms responded in different directions and magnitudes. The transcription variability that arose due to temperature oscillation allowed us to identify a total of 26 grapevine gene modules and 17 fungal gene modules that were correlated with more than one gene module of the partner organism, which revealed an extensive web of plant–pathogen gene reprogramming during infection. More importantly, we identified a set of temperature-responsive genes that were transcriptionally orchestrated within the given gene modules. These genes are predicted to be involved in multiple cellular processes including protein folding, stress response regulation, and carbohydrate and peptide metabolisms in grapevine and porphyrin- and pteridine-containing compound metabolisms in L. theobromae, implying that in response to temperature oscillation, a complex web of signaling pathways in two organism cells is activated during infection. This study describes a co-transcription network of grapevine and L. theobromae in the context of considering temperature variation, which provides novel insights into deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying temperature-modulated disease development.
Effect of large dams in the Zambezi River Basin: Changes in Sediment, Carbon and Nutrient Fluxes

Large dams affect the aquatic continuum from land to ocean by accumulating particles and nutrients in their reservoirs. We examined sediment cores to quantify sediment, organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) accumulation, and to examine historic changes and spatial variability in the sedimentation pattern in Lake Kariba, the largest hydropower reservoir in the Zambezi River Basin (ZRB). Sediment characteristics (concentrations of OC, N, P; δC and δN; wet bulk density) showed large variability both with sediment depth and between cores. While organic matter (OM) in river deltas was primarily allochthonous in origin, OM characteristics (δC, C:N) in lacustrine sediments suggest that autochthonous sources account for > 45% of the OM that accumulates over large areas of the lake. At the same time, the relative contribution of allochthonous material within individual layers of lacustrine cores varied considerably with depth due to discrete flood deposits. The overall sediment accumulation rate in Lake Kariba is on the order of 4× 10 t yr−1, and the estimated OC accumulation of 120× 10 t C yr−1 accounts for ∼1h of globally buried OC in reservoirs. In addition, mass balance calculations revealed that approximately 70% and 90% of incoming total N and P, respectively, are eliminated from the water column by sedimentation (N, P) and denitrification (N). Since Lake Kariba attenuates flow from ∼50% of the ZRB, these OC, N, and P removals represent a drastic reduction in nutrient loadings to downstream riparian ecosystems and to the coastal Indian Ocean.
Variable complexity of the US Continental Divide trace

Abstract Map-view complexity of 65 contiguous segments of the conterminous US Continental Divide trace was evaluated by the divider method, with each segment’s geometry approximated by a fractal dimension (D) value, or two D values applying to fine and coarse scales of inspection. Results support a generalization that D values in the range 1.05–1.12 are typical for drainage divides viewed at regional to national scales. However about 20% of cases reviewed in this study are smoother (D = 1.01–1.04) or more complex (D = 1.13–1.18) traces. Complexities of these watershed boundary segments show no significant correlation with physiographic province or local relief. The primary influence of bedrock lithology and surface process is seen in zones of Quaternary volcanism, where uncommonly smooth and highly complex divide trace segments are more the rule than exception. Uncommonly smooth divide traces are also found descending mountain pediments in areas of parallel drainage, and some of the most tortuous traces are associated with drainage patterns disrupted by non-fluvial processes. Divide trace segments crossing terrain with uniform lithology show decreased complexity, but traces with the broadest range of complexity, including highest D values, occur in areas with moderate, not extreme, degrees of bedrock diversity.
Evaluating the Performance of ChatGPT in Accounting and Auditing Exams: An Experimental Study in North Macedonia

In the ever-evolving landscape of education, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force, reshaping conventional pedagogical methods and assessment approaches. The domains of accounting and auditing, integral for preparing future professionals, have not remained immune to this technological revolution. As AI, including ChatGPT, gains prominence, it offers the potential to enhance learning and examination experiences within these disciplines. This paper presents a pioneering North Macedonian experimental research evaluating the performance of ChatGPT's effectiveness in exam performance in accounting and auditing. Leveraging 11 subject exams comprising a total of 401 questions, this research assesses ChatGPT's proficiency in addressing intricate, context-specific questions within these domains. ChatGPT 3.5 demonstrated its reliability as a "student" by successfully passing 8 out of the 11 subjects, achieving a pass rate of 73%. The findings reveal that ChatGPT 3.5 excels in responding to qualitative open-ended questions, true/false assessments, and multiple-choice questions with a single correct answer, effectively streamlining routine tasks and offering comprehensive explanations. However, it faces challenges when dealing with quantitative calculations and complex multiple-choice questions with multiple correct answers. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on AI's role in education, sparking discussions about student access to AI tools, the balance between memorization and referencing, the potential for AI to enhance learning experiences, and the unique contributions of educators that surpass AI capabilities. As AI continues to disrupt traditional practices across professions, including education, its responsible integration promises to enhance the educational process and deliver substantial value. ChatGPT, as a versatile AI language model, stands as a powerful tool in this endeavor, offering educators and students the potential to enrich their learning journeys while recognizing the need for judicious application within its defined constraints.
Parametric Mathematical Model of the Electrochemical Degradation of 2-Chlorophenol in a Flow-by Reactor under Batch Recirculation Mode

2-Chlorophenol (2-CP) is a dangerous organic contaminant found in wastewater. In this work, 2.5 L of a 2-CP solution (1 mol/m3) was electrochemically treated in a flow-by reactor equipped with two boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDD) under batch recirculation mode for a period for 4 h, a current density of 0.14 A/cm2, a volumetric flow rate of 1 L/min, and pH = 7.3. In this work, a parametric mathematical model of the degradation efficiency of 2-CP was developed using an axial dispersion model and a continuous stirred tank for the flow-by reactor (FBR), which was constructed using a shell mass balance considering the dispersion and convection terms and the reservoir tank (CST), which was constructed using a mass balance of 2-CP. The parametric mathematic model of the electrochemical degradation of 2-chlorophenol was numerically resolved by employing the software package COMSOL Multiphysics® V. 5.3, where a mass transfer equation for diluted species and a global differential equation represents the FBR and CST, respectively. The results indicate that the parametric mathematical model proposed in this research fits the experimental results, and this is supported by the index performance values such as the determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9831), the mean square error (MSE = 0.0307), and the reduced root-mean-square error (RMSE = 0.1754). Moreover, the degradation efficiency of 2-CP estimated by the proposed model achieves 99.06%, whereas the experimental degradation efficiency reached 99.99%, a comparative error of 0.93%. This corroborates the predictive ability of the developed mathematical model and the effectiveness of the employed electrooxidation process. Finally, a 0.143 USD/L total operating cost for the electrochemical plant was estimated.