Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Heat-Transfer Coefficients, the Upward Heat Flow, and Evaporation in a Solar Still

The present work enables prediction of the performance of a solar still through simple calculations. Estimation of the temperature of the glass cover by an empirical relation developed in this work permits calculation of the heat-transfer coefficients, the upward heat flow, and evaporation. Since some of the heat-transfer coefficients vary substantially and nonlinearly with temperature, the empirical relation developed for glass cover temperature is based on an approximate solution of the heat balance equation. Hence, the overall upward heat flow factor is obtained with a maximum absolute error of three percent compared to the value obtained through a numerical solution of the heat balance equation along with the relations for vapor pressure and latent heat. The fraction of upward heat flow utilized for evaporation is determined with a maximum absolute error of 0.5 percent. The range of variables covered is 30{degrees}C to 80{degrees}C in water temperature, 5W/m{sup 2}K to 40W/M{sup 2}K in wind heat-transfer coefficient, and 5{degrees}C to 40{degrees}C in ambient temperature.
ONLINE COMPUTER-SUPPORTED INQUIRY LEARNING IN STEM-EDUCATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The Covid-19 pandemic forced educators to go fully online. In most cases, this was a first encounter with online teaching and learning for both teachers and students in secondary education. Student-centred forms of learning are promoted to activate and motivate students during online teaching. In secondary STEM-education, inquiry learning has been advocated for which online learning environments have been developed, introducing Computer-Supported Inquiry Learning (CoSIL). However, in current research collaboration phases during CoSIL mostly takes place face-to-face in the classroom. Via a mixed methods design, online education during the Covid-19 pandemic allowed to investigate the learning effect of CoSIL when students work together online synchronously as well as their perceptions towards the use of online CoSIL during STEM. Results show a significant learning effect of CoSIL on scientific knowledge and scientific inquiry skills. Further focus groups show a strong preference for face-to-face collaboration. Our insights provide important insights for future post-Covid redesign processes in which blended learning scenarios can be explored in depth.
Prevalence and associated factors for iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women in Fuyang, China

ABSTRACT Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnant women was associated with increased risks of both maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IDA and identify the associated factors of IDA among pregnancy woman in Fuyang, China. The cross-sectional study was carried out in 789 pregnant women using simple random sampling method living in Fuyang, China from August 2017 to May 2018. Overall, the prevalence of IDA was 39.8%. 1-unit increment in maternal age was associated with a 5% increased risk of IDA, and 1-unit increased in BMI was associated with a 6% decreased risk of IDA (all P < .01). When compared with exercise for <30 minutes, 30–60 minutes of daily exercise was associated with a lower risk of IDA (P = .02). Similarly, when compared with a low frequency intake of iron-rich food, intake≥once/week was associated with a lower risk of IDA (P < .0001). However, vitamin C-rich food intake ≥twice/day was associated with a higher risk of IDA (P = .01) and a normal or bad appetite increased the risk of IDA when compared with a good appetite (P < .01). Our findings suggested that high frequency of iron-rich food intake, good appetite, and moderate physical activity were important for the prevention of IDA during pregnancy.
Which environmental factors control extreme thermal events in rivers? A multi-scale approach (Wallonia, Belgium)

Managers need to know how to mitigate rising stream water temperature (WT) due to climate change. This requires identifying the environmental drivers that influence thermal regime and determining the spatial area where interventions are most effective. We hypothesized that (i) extreme thermal events can be influenced by a set of environmental factors that reduce thermal sensitivity and (ii) the role played by those factors varies spatially. To test these hypotheses, we (i) determined which of the environmental variables reported to be the most influential affected WT and (ii)identified the spatial scales over which those environmental variables influenced WT. To this end, the influence of multi-scale environmental variables, namely land cover, topography (channel slope, elevation), hydromorphology (channel sinuosity, water level, watershed area, baseflow index) and shade conditions, was analyzed on the three model variables (day thermal sensitivity, night thermal sensitivity, and non-convective thermal flux) in the model developed by Georges et al. (2021) of the temporal thermal dynamics of daily maximum WT during extreme events. Values were calculated on six spatial scales (the entire upstream catchment and the associated 1 km and 2 km circular buffer, and 50 m wide corridors on each side of the stream with the associated 1 km and 2 km circular buffer). The period considered was 17 extreme days during the summer identified by Georges et al. (2021) based on WT data measured every 10 min for 7 years (2012–2018) at 92 measurement sites. Sites were located evenly throughout the Wallonia (southern Belgium) hydrological network. Results showed that shade, baseflow index (a proxy of the influence of groundwater), water level and watershed area were the most significant variables influencing thermal sensitivity. Since managers with finite financial and human resources can act on only a few environmental variables, we advocate restoring and preserving the vegetation cover that limits solar radiation on the watercourse as a cost-effective solution to reduce thermal sensitivity. Moreover, management at small spatial scale (50 m riparian buffer) should be strategically promoted (for finance and staffing) as our results show that a larger management scale is not more effective in reducing thermal sensitivity to extreme events.
Effect of frequency on XLPE cable insulation at high electric field

Electroluminescence (EL), the emission of light in dielectrics subjected to high electric stress, is a very sensitive technique to detect space charge injection and the very early stages of insulation degradation. In this paper the EL technique is employed to determine the effect of frequency in the range of 5 to 600 Hz on unaged and aged crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation of underground high voltage cables. The number of EL pulses emitted from XLPE and the area of the space charge region simultaneously obtained by the PMT and CCD camera are studied as the frequency of the ac voltage is varied between 5 and 600 Hz. The implications of the frequency range on diagnostic tests performed on the polymeric insulation of underground power cables is discussed.
A Statistical Model for Prediction of Lower Limb Injury of Active Sportsperson

For an active sportsperson, running is the most common physical activity, but it carries a high risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Half of the running injuries are identified as overuse injuries, with the most affected areas being the lower limbs. Previous studies had revealed several factors responsible for the development of running-related lower-limb injuries of sportspersons. However, there have been few studies aiming at predicting them. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop a predictive model to predict lower limb injury of active sportsperson. The BTS G-WALK system synchronised with two GoPro Hero 6 cameras were used to conduct the study on seventy-five (N=75) healthy male subjects without any lower limb injury history. The BTS G-WALK system provided spatio-temporal parameters while Kinovea software was used to extract kinematic data from raw videos of treadmill running movement of the subjects. A prospective cohort study design was used to investigate how the difference in running gait kinematic affects the outcome of lower limb injury occurrences of active sportspersons. Further, a prediction model was developed using binary logistic regression, for which IBM® SPSS® version 25 was used. All statistical analyses were tested at 0.05 (p = 0.05) level of significance. The model indicated that Range of Pelvic Obliquity (RPO) and Maximum Toe Out (MTO) were positively and Symmetry Index (SI) was negatively associated with an increased likelihood of exhibiting lower limb injury. The model explained 85.7% variance and correctly classified 93.3% cases of lower limb injury of an active sportsperson. The risk factors for lower limb injuries of a sportsperson can be identified and prediction of lower limb injury of a sportsperson is theoretically possible. To generalize the model for practical implications, the researcher suggested further research with larger sample size.
Cultural Orientation and Risk Perception: Development of a Scale Operating in a French Context

Cultural theory has often been invoked to explain risk preferences, yet empirical evidence for that influence has regularly been challenged. This research addresses this issue by reassessing the role of cultural orientation in understanding risk perception through the development of an alternative assessment tool of worldviews operating in a French context. Using data from two samples of French citizens (N = 192 and N = 631), study 1 conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses which provided support for a three‐factor scale of worldviews: hierarchy‐individualism, egalitarianism, and fatalism. Based on data from two other independent samples (N = 111 and N = 422), study 2 affirmed, for each worldview, its convergent validity (with its counterpart in another worldview measure), discriminant validity (from all other subscales), and predictive validity (for specific patterns of risk perception). Of particular interest is that culturally diverse individuals hold divergent positions on risk (skepticism, sensibility, neutrality) depending on, and in proportion to, the (in)compatibility of the hazardous activity to their preferred worldview. Implications for risk management and communication are discussed.
Ice volume and basal topography estimation using geostatistical methods and ground-penetrating radar measurements: application to the Tsanfleuron and Scex Rouge glaciers, Swiss Alps

Abstract. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is widely used for determining mountain glacier thickness. However, this method provides thickness data only along the acquisition lines, and therefore interpolation has to be made between them. Depending on the interpolation strategy, calculated ice volumes can differ and can lack an accurate error estimation. Furthermore, glacial basal topography is often characterized by complex geomorphological features, which can be hard to reproduce using classical interpolation methods, especially when the field data are sparse or when the morphological features are too complex. This study investigates the applicability of multiple-point statistics (MPS) simulations to interpolate glacier bedrock topography using GPR measurements. In 2018, a dense GPR data set was acquired on the Tsanfleuron Glacier (Switzerland). These data were used as the source for a bedrock interpolation. The results obtained with the direct-sampling MPS method are compared against those obtained with kriging and sequential Gaussian simulations (SGSs) on both a synthetic data set – with known reference volume and bedrock topography – and the real data underlying the Tsanfleuron Glacier. Using the MPS modeled bedrock, the ice volume for the Scex Rouge and Tsanfleuron glaciers is estimated to be 113.9 ± 1.6 million cubic meters. The direct-sampling approach, unlike the SGS and kriging, allowed not only an accurate volume estimation but also the generation of a set of realistic bedrock simulations. The complex karstic geomorphological features are reproduced and can be used to significantly improve for example the precision of subglacial flow estimation.
Compact diamond MOSFET model accounting for PAMDLE applicable down 150 nm node

The performance improvements for integrated circuit applications of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) metal–oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) implemented with diamond layout style (hexagonal gate geometry) are quantified, thanks to the longitudinal corner effect and parallel association of MOSFETs with different channel lengths effect contributions. Futhermore, an accurate analytical drain current model for planar diamond SOI MOSFET for micrometre scale effective channel lengths is proposed and validated. The concept is then extended by 3D simulations for the 150 nm node fully-depleted SOI n-channel MOSFETs.
Ergodic Capacity and Outage Properties of CDMA in Multiple-Access Fading Channels

The purpose of this paper is to conduct an analysis similar to the one by Rupf and Massey in [1] for frequencyselective fading multiple-access channels (MACs) with perfect channel state information (CSI) at the receiver and no CSI at the transmitters. For fixed spreading gainNand the number of usersK ! " ,w e show that spreading does not incur a loss in ergodic sum capacity. The corresponding optimum spreading sequences are precisely those that achieve the Welch-bound-equality (WBE). ForN#KL ,w hereLdenotes the length of the channel impulse response, we find that shiftorthogonal sequence sets maximize the ergodic sum capacity of the fading CDMA channel. For N> K, we show that the ergodic sum capacity achieved by CDMA is strictly smaller than the ergodic sum capacity of the fading MAC. In the high-SNR regime, assumingN#KL ,s hift-orthogonal sequence sets are shown to also yield full sum diversity gain. In the lowSNR regime, CDMA is capable of achieving the same sum outage performance as the fading MAC, independently of the spreading gain. However, neither WBE sequences nor shift-orthogonal sequences turn out to be optimal in this case.
Impact of changes in climate and CO2 on the carbon-sequestration potential of vegetation under limited water availability using SEIB-DGVM version 3.02

Abstract. Documenting year-to-year variations in carbon-sequestration potential in terrestrial ecosystems is crucial for the determination of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, the magnitude, pattern and inner biomass partitioning of carbon-sequestration potential, and the effect of the changes in climate and CO2 on inner carbon stocks, remain poorly quantified. Herein, we use a spatially explicit individual based-dynamic global vegetation model to investigate the influences of the changes in climate and CO2 on the enhanced carbon-sequestration potential of vegetation. The modelling included a series of factorial simulations using the CRU dataset from 1916 to 2015. The results show that CO2 predominantly leads to a persistent and widespread increase in above-ground vegetation biomass carbon-stocks (AVBC) and below-ground vegetation biomass carbon-stocks (BVBC). Climate change appears to play a secondary role in carbon-sequestration potential. Importantly, with the mitigation of water stress, the magnitude of the above- and below-ground responses in vegetation carbon-stocks gradually increases, and the ratio between AVBC and BVBC increases to capture CO2 and sunlight. Changes in the pattern of vegetation carbon storage was linked to regional limitations in water, which directly weakens and indirectly regulates the response of potential vegetation carbon-stocks to a changing environment. Our findings differ from previous modelling evaluations of vegetation that ignored inner carbon dynamics and demonstrates that the long-term trend in increased vegetation biomass carbon-stocks is driven by CO2 fertilization and temperature effects that are controlled by water limitations.
Behavior of Various Anchorage Systems Used for Shear Strengthening of Concrete Structures with Externally Bonded FRP Sheets

AbstractEfforts to prevent the debonding failure mode of externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthening systems have led to the investigation of many different kinds of anchorage systems. An effective anchorage system allows externally bonded FRP reinforcements to continue carrying load, even after debonding occurs. In this study, an experimental program was performed on six full-scale RC T-beams strengthened in shear using externally bonded carbon FRP sheets with three different anchorage systems, the so-called (1) discontinuous mechanical anchorage (DMA) system, (2) sandwich discontinuous mechanical anchorage (SDMA) system, and (3) additional horizontal strips (HS) system. The experimental results showed that the SDMA system performed best, followed by the DMA and HS systems. The RC T-beams strengthened with the SDMA system showed a 59–91% increase in shear strength, altering the failure mode from FRP debonding to FRP rupture. In addition, the shear contribution of internal transverse st.
The key elements of ageing well: Perspectives of middle-aged adults with intellectual disabilities and family carers in South Korea

ABSTRACT Background Despite the increasing longevity of people with intellectual disability, community care systems are ill prepared to support the choices of people with intellectual disabilities for ageing well. This study aims to understand ageing experiences among middle-aged adults with intellectual disabilities and their family carers with a focus on their perspectives of ageing well. Method Interviews were conducted with 10 middle-aged people with intellectual disabilities and 12 family carers; the interview data were thematically analysed. Results The participants highlighted the key elements of ageing well such as importance of living in a familiar place, having a reliable carer, nurturing independence, staying fit and healthy, and actively engaging in social activities. Conclusions The findings suggest that middle-aged adults with intellectual disabilities can best age well through future planning, along with support services tailored to respond to their changing needs as they age.
Non-Fatal Occupational Injuries and Safety Climate: A Cross-Sectional Study of Construction Building Workers in Mit-Ghamr City, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt

Background: Construction is a dangerous industry, with high rates of fatal and non-fatal injuries. Although, safety climate has been linked with safety performance and work-related accidents, yet it is scarcely studied and considered in injury prevention programs in developing countries. So, the objectives of this study are to find out the magnitude, pattern and risk factors of non-fatal occupational injuries among a sample of construction building workers and to explore the level of safety climate and its relationship with occupational injuries. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 91 workers, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, in 18 large construction sites in Mit-Ghamr city, Dakahlia Governorate. Data about socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, description of occupational injuries, and work-related and behavioral risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: Occupational injuries in the past 12 months were reported by 46.2% of workers. The most common body parts injured were upper and lower limbs (31.0% and 26.2%). The majority of injuries were cuts/lacerations (30.9%) and contusions (28.6%). Falls (47.6%) and injuries by manual tools (23.8%) were the main causes of injuries. The majority of injured workers (90.5%) reported complete recovery after the most serious injury. The average of working days was lost per year due to occupational injuries (18.6 ± 7.8 days/year). None of the injured workers reported receiving sufficient first-aid treatment at worksite or filling an accident notification form. Extended working hours, poor safety climate, short duration of work, job dissatisfaction, young age, and job stress were significant risk factors of occupational injuries. Conclusion: Non-fatal occupational injuries are common among this sample of construction workers with significant relation to extended working hours and poor safety climate and other risk factors. So, it is important to build upon this research in order to help develop successful policies to prevent work-related injuries and promote safer work practices for construction building workers.
Attributes of Local Government Managers – What Matters in Local Entrepreneurship Context?

: Purpose: The objective of this paper is to explore how education and professional experience of local government (LG) managers corresponds with entrepreneurship development and local development processes in local administration units (LAU). Approach/Methodology/Design: In research, that is representative for Poland, authors surveyed 477 LG managers (enabling to achieve 3,9% error rate with 95% level of confidence) and correlated the data on their education and experience with respected local entrepreneurship metrics to conclude on correspondence of investigated phenomena. Findings: While endogenous local development theories indicate LGs and their attributes as intervening variable in entrepreneurship stimulation and local development process, local entrepreneurship metrics need to be taken into account to indicate their relevance for entrepreneurship environment and entrepreneurial ecosystems at local level. Practical Implications: Education level of local government managers might be perceived as a mediating variable between quasi-independent local resource endowment and dependent entrepreneurial activity in local administrative units. Originality/Value: Presented results extend perspective on local entrepreneurship ecosystem by outlining the role of trainings and continued education of local government managers in business activity creation.
Effect of Amount of Cutting Fluid on Surface Finish of Turned Parts

This paper presents the experimental and analytical results of the effect that the amount of cutting fluid has on the surface finish of turned parts. The experiments were planned using Taguchi’s orthogonal array methodology. A three-level, four-parameter orthogonal array (L81) was selected for designing the experiments. The selected four input parameters are cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and amount of cutting fluid. Mild steel AISI 1030 was chosen as the work material. A total of 81 experimental runs were conducted, and the surface roughness parameter arithmetic average was measured offline using a surface finish analyzer. Subsequently, the results were analyzed applying three methods—traditional analysis, Pareto ANOVA, and the Taguchi method. The results indicate that the amount of cutting fluid has a negligible effect on surface finish. However, the interaction between the two major contributors—cutting speed and feed rate—is influenced noticeably by the amount of cutting fluid.