Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mechanisms underpinning Cenozoic intraplate volcanism in eastern Australia: Insights from seismic tomography and geodynamic modeling

Cenozoic intraplate volcanism is widespread throughout much of eastern Australia and manifests as both age‐progressive volcanic tracks and non‐age‐progressive lava fields. Various mechanisms have been invoked to explain the origin and distribution of the volcanism, but a broad consensus remains elusive. We use results from seismic tomography to demonstrate a clear link between lithospheric thickness and the occurrence, composition, and volume of volcanic outcrop. Furthermore, we find that non‐age‐progressive lava fields overlie significant cavities in the base of the lithosphere. Based on numerical simulations of mantle flow, we show that these cavities generate vigorous mantle upwellings, which likely promote decompression melting. However, due to the intermittent nature of the lava field volcanics over the last 50 Ma, it is probable that transient mechanisms also operate to induce or enhance melting. In the case of the Newer Volcanics Province, the passage of a nearby plume appears to be a likely candidate. Our results demonstrate why detailed 3‐D variations in lithospheric thickness, plate motion, and transient sources of mantle heterogeneity need to be considered when studying the origin of non age‐progressive volcanism in continental interiors.
Geochemistry of rare earth elements in soils under different land uses in a typical karst area, Guizhou Province, Southwest China

Abstract: Understanding soil erosion processes under different land uses is important for predicting and controlling watershed soil losses, especially in karst areas. Five soil profiles and 55 soil samples were collected from soils that were under different land uses in a typical karst catchment, Southwest China. The total contents of rare earth elements (REE) are significantly lower (<100 mg kg-1) than the average value of soils in China (181 mg kg-1). The enrichment degree of REE in heavy REE is much higher than that of light REE in all soil samples. A positive Ce anomaly (~1.4) and a slightly negative Eu anomaly (~0.95) were found. The enrichment and release of REE are partly controlled by pH, distribution of REE in bedrocks, contents, and adsorption ability of organic matters in weathering profiles.
When Do Consumers Indulge in Luxury? Emotional Certainty Signals When to Indulge to Regulate Affect

Current theorizing suggests that the valence of an affective state alone cannot explain indulgent consumption but that this is contingent on whether indulging can improve a negative state or will not hurt a positive state. This research shows that when an emotion is associated with the appraisal of uncertainty (certainty), consumers infer that their affective state can (cannot) change. As a result, people in a negative affective state will indulge more when their affect is associated with uncertainty because indulging can help repair the negative state, but people in a positive affective state will indulge more when their affective state is associated with certainty because indulging will not hurt their positive state. Reconciling earlier research reporting apparently inconsistent results linking emotional valence, affect regulation, and indulgence, these findings suggest that the certainty appraisal of specific emotions is important in predicting indulgent consumption to regulate one’s affect. Implications are discussed.
Out of the woods: Driftwood insights into Holocene pan-Arctic sea ice dynamics

The collation of 913 driftwood samples from across the western Arctic, with spatiotemporal distribution and available provenance data, enabled the production of a high-resolution proxy-based reconstruction of Holocene Arctic Ocean surface current and sea ice dynamics. Regionally bounded, driftwood-based sea ice reconstructions studies suggest spatiotemporally complex past Arctic sea ice extent and movement; however, a large-scale compilation of Holocene Arctic driftwood has not previously been developed. Sparse driftwood in the early Holocene (≥8.2 cal ka B.P.) deglacial period was followed by increased driftwood deposition in the warmer mid-Holocene (8.2–4.2 cal ka B.P.); characterized by an enhanced Transpolar Drift (TPD) ∼7 cal ka B.P., leading to sea ice loss through the Fram Strait. Driftwood incursion peaks show spatial E-W progression from the Eurasian Archipelagos to Greenland and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, suggesting a progressive shift in the orientation of the TPD on centennial-millennial time scales and intermediate phases in the Arctic Oscillation. Late Holocene cooling (≤4.2 cal ka B.P.) is indicated by increased influx of probably North American Picea via a strengthened Beaufort Gyre (BG) which enhanced sea ice recirculation, starting in the western Arctic and progressing eastward. In recent millennia (<2 cal ka B.P.), a more variable driftwood record alternates between BG and TPD dominance on centennial time scales. To further constrain a spatiotemporal reconstruction of variations in Holocene ocean current and sea ice dynamics, a more definitive determination of driftwood provenance is recommended to build upon the current framework, such as through radiogenic isotope tracing and aDNA analysis.
ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM

This thesis examines the relationship between ownership structure and firm performance. Theory suggests that firms with larger shareholders should be able to monitor management more effectively, which would suggest a decrease in agency costs. However, others suggest that ownership concentration has no effect on the performance of firms, but that it is rather a result of a firm’s response on previous performance. Existing literature produces inconclusive results on the significance of the relationship between ownership concentration and firm performance. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to contribute to this ongoing literature and see whether firms with a higher ownership concentration perform better than firms that are more widely dispersed. A sample of 560 firm-year observations is used, consisting of Dutch firms during the period 2011-2018. The return on assets is used as an indication of firm performance. The results show no statistical evidence of a relationship between ownership concentration and the return on assets.
Characterization and origin of brines from the Bakken-Three Forks petroleum system in the Williston Basin, USA

Abstract Brine (also referred to as ‘produced water’) samples were collected from 28 wells producing oil from the Late Devonian-Early Mississippian Bakken and Three Forks Formations in the Williston Basin of eastern Montana and western North Dakota. The samples were analyzed for major ions, trace metals, stable isotopes, and strontium isotopes. The brines in these formations are highly saline with total dissolved solids averaging 308 g/L, almost ten times the salinity of modern seawater. Relative to modern seawater, the brines are enriched approximately 10 to 20 times in [Na], [K], [Cl], and [Br]. Greater enrichments of 100 to 400 times in [Li], [B], [Sr] and [Rb], and 2,000 to 10,000 times in [Cs] and [Ba] are probably due to water-rock interaction (WRI). WRI is further indicated by 87Sr/86Sr values typically between 0.710 and 0.711—considerably larger than marine values of 0.7081 to 0.7083 during this depositional interval. Bakken Formation sediments were deposited in a stratified water column with salinity increasing with depth. The deeper water may have been saturated in calcium carbonate and possibly gypsum, but there is no evidence that halite saturation had been attained. Therefore, brines may have been introduced into the Bakken Formation from the underlying Devonian Prairie Formation or from the overlying Charles Formation before these brines were diluted or replaced by meteoric water. Alternatively, salinity of the native pore water was increased by membrane filtration driven by overpressuring within the Bakken Formation.
An Efficient Gateway Discovery in Ad Hoc Networks for Internet Connectivity

Integration of MANET with the Internet is a challenging problem. It is important that dynamically deployed wireless ad hoc networks should also gain access to Internet multimedia contents through these fixed networks. When a mobile node in an Ad Hoc network wants to communicate with a node on the Internet, it has to find an efficient and reliable Internet gateway. For this purpose, the node either can send solicitation message or may depend on periodic gateway advertisement. Gateway discovery time has strong influence on packet delay and throughput. In most of the cases, a mobile node uses a number of physical hops to a gateway to communicate with a fixed host connected to an Internet. However, a minimum hop path may not always be efficient if some nodes along the path have longer queue of waiting packets. The focus of this paper is on devising an efficient proactive gateway discovery algorithm that takes into account the size of interface queue in addition to the traditional minimum hop metric to select an efficient gateway. In the MANET domain, AODV routing protocol has been used. This approach also allows an efficient handoff from one gateway to another gateway and still maintains a seamless connectivity to a fixed host. In this paper, impacts of this new metric on the gateway discovery performance are investigated. Simulation results indicate that our protocol outperforms other approaches.
An Experimental Study of Search in Global Social Networks

http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/301/5634/827 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/301/5634/827/DC1 can be found at: Supporting Online Material found at: can be related to this article A list of selected additional articles on the Science Web sites http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/301/5634/827#related-content http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/301/5634/827#otherarticles , 4 of which can be accessed for free: cites 21 articles This article 45 article(s) on the ISI Web of Science. cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/301/5634/827#otherarticles 8 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/sociology Sociology : subject collections This article appears in the following
Deterministic equation solving over finite fields

The present thesis is devoted to the solution of two closely related algorithmic representation problems. They read as follows. Problem A1 Given a finite field F, given a positive integer n and given nonzero elements a0, a1, . , an of F, compute x0, x1, . , xn ∈ F, not all zero, such that
Assessing issues associated with a time‐integrated fluvial fine sediment sampler

Collecting a representative time‐integrated sample of fluvial fine‐grained suspended sediment (<63 μm) is an important requirement for the understanding of environmental, geomorphological, and hydrological processes operating within watersheds. This study (a) characterized the hydrodynamic behaviour of a commonly used time‐integrated fine sediment sampler (TIFSS) using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) in controlled laboratory conditions and (b) measured the mass collection efficiency (MCE) of the sampler by an acoustic Doppler current profiler under field conditions. The laboratory results indicated that the hydrodynamic evaluations associated with the original development of the TIFSS involved an underestimation of the inlet flow velocity of the sampler that results in a significant overestimation of the theoretical MCE. The ADV data illustrated that the ratio of the inlet flow velocity of the sampler to the ambient velocity was 87% and consequently, it can be assumed that a representative sample of the ambient fine suspended particles entered into the sampler. The field results showed that the particle size distribution of the sediment collected by the TIFSS was statistically similar to that for the ambient sediment in the Red River, Manitoba, Canada. The MCE of the TIFSS in the field trials appeared to be as low as 10%. Collecting a representative sample in the field was consistent with the previous findings that the TIFSS is a suitable sampler for the collection of a representative sample of sufficient mass (e.g., >1 g) for the investigation of the properties of fluvial fine‐grained suspended sediment. Hydrodynamic evaluation of the TIFSS under a wider range of hydraulic conditions is suggested to assess the performance of the sampler during high run‐off events.
GEOCHEMICAL EVALUATION AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE CAMPANIAN SEDIMENTS IN THE DAHOMEY BASIN, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA.

ABSTRACT The thermal maturity parameter used in the evaluation of the hydrocarbon generative potential of the sedimentary organic matter is based largely on the extent of molecular transformation of the biological markers due to geothermal stress which is a function of depth or burial history. The shale samples were collected at Gbekebo ditch cutting locality. The samples were examined and analyzed to determine their oil and gas potential. The HI values range from 2.00 to 327.07 mgHC/gTOC with a mean value of 103.46 mgHC/gTOC indicates a Type III and mixed Type II/III kerogen. Tmax values ranging from 415 to 437 oC with an average of 429.50 oC shows that the shale samples are immature to marginally mature. The total organic carbon (TOC) (1.61 wt%) and S1 + S2 (2.81) of the shale constitutes that of a excellent source rock with gas-prone kerogen indicated by Rock-Eval S2/S3 (5.59). The high oxygen index (OI) (40.85 mgCO2g-1TOC) suggest deposition in a shallow marine environment. Biomarker analysis of the shale samples generally reveal a bimodal nalkane envelope with maxima between (nC16 and nC18) and (nC27 and nC29) suggesting that the source organic matter were derived from a variable mixture of algae and higher plant materials with q relative higher input from marine algae as reveal by the presence of the C30 24-n-propyl cholestane (%C30 sterane range from 0.45 to as high as 5.23%). The presence of organic matter of marine algae (%C27 sterane av. 52% and positive detection of C30 sedimentary n-propyl cholestane av. 3.7%) suggest that the control on the HI as an indication of source rock quality in varying level of organic matter preservation. The source rocks have predominantly gas prone with lesser oil prone organic matter ranging from immature to marginally mature at shallow levels but may reaching proven mature levels in the subsurface.
Using deep mutational scanning data to benchmark computational phenotype predictors and identify pathogenic missense mutations

In order to deal with the huge number of novel protein-coding variants being identified by genome and exome sequencing studies, many computational phenotype predictors have been developed. Unfortunately, such predictors are often trained and evaluated on different protein variant datasets, making a direct comparison between predictors very difficult. Moreover, training and testing datasets may also overlap, introducing training bias. In this study, we use 29 previously published deep mutational scanning (DMS) experiments, which provide quantitative, unbiased phenotypic measurements for large numbers of single amino acid substitutions, in order to benchmark and compare 31 different computational phenotype predictors. We also evaluate the ability of DMS measurements and computational phenotype predictors to discriminate between pathogenic and benign missense variants. We find that DMS experiments based upon competitive growth assays tend to be superior to the top-ranking computational predictors, demonstrating the tremendous potential of DMS for identifying novel human disease mutations. Among the computational phenotype predictors, DeepSequence clearly stood out, showing both the strongest correlations with DMS data and having the best ability to predict pathogenic mutations, which is especially remarkable given that it has not been trained against human mutations. Other predictors we recommend that showed good results when tested against DMS data and human mutations include SNAP2, SNPs&GO, DEOGEN2, VEST4 and REVEL; they also benefit from being much easier for end users than DeepSequence.
Reasoning with Inconsistent Ontologies: a general framework

EU-IST Integrated Project (IP) IST-2003-506826 SEKT Deliverable D3.4. 1.1 (WP3.4) This document is an informal deliverable provided to SEKT WP3 partners. In this document, a general framework for reasoning with inconsistent ontologies is proposed. An inconsistency reasoner is one which is able to return meaningful answers to queries, given an inconsistent on- tology. The formal definitions of soundness, meaningfulness, local completeness, and maximal completeness of an inconsistency reasoner are introduced. A pre-processing algorithm and a strategy for inconsistency reasoning based on linear extensions and selection functions are in- vestigated. This document also contains a chapter that discusses the design of reasoners with inconsistent ontologies (RIO). A RIO architecture, which is based on the DIG description logic interface, is proposed. Keyword list: ontology management, inconsistent ontologies, reasoning
An Empirical Study of the : A Studio-Based Activity for HCI Education

(2012). An empirical study of the " prototype walk-through " : a studio-based activity for HCI education. ACM Transactions of Computer-Human Interaction, 19(4) article 26. For guidance on citations see FAQs. Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online's data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page.
Improved Side Information Generation for Distributed Video Coding by Exploiting Spatial and Temporal Correlations

Distributed video coding (DVC) is a video coding paradigm allowing low complexity encoding for emerging applications such as wireless video surveillance. Side information (SI) generation is a key function in the DVC decoder, and plays a key-role in determining the performance of the codec. This paper proposes an improved SI generation for DVC, which exploits both spatial and temporal correlations in the sequences. Partially decoded Wyner-Ziv (WZ) frames, based on initial SI by motion compensated temporal interpolation, are exploited to improve the performance of the whole SI generation. More specifically, an enhanced temporal frame interpolation is proposed, including motion vector refinement and smoothing, optimal compensation mode selection, and a new matching criterion for motion estimation. The improved SI technique is also applied to a new hybrid spatial and temporal error concealment scheme to conceal errors in WZ frames. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve up to 1.0 dB improvement in rate distortion performance in WZ frames for video with high motion, when compared to state-of-the-art DVC. In addition, both the objective and perceptual qualities of the corrupted sequences are significantly improved by the proposed hybrid error concealment scheme, outperforming both spatial and temporal concealments alone.
Combined assessment of streams based on diatoms and macroinvertebrates

Diatoms and macroinvertebrates provide complementary information on stream water quality. However, classification methods have been developed separately for the two biological elements. The aim of the present study was to assess if a predictive model based on the evaluation of biodiversity using taxa from both biological elements, produces a simpler and simultaneously more holistic and accurate assessment of stream health than individual methods. These classifications need to be combined later, usually based on “one-out all-out” approach. For that purpose, two different approaches were used, BEAST and RIVPACS, due to their different characteristics, mostly because RIVPACS uses presence/absence data while BEAST uses abundance. Six predictive models were built for the entire Portuguese territory: two for diatoms, two for macroinvertebrates and two combining diatom and macroinvertebrate communities. Data from 143 minimally disturbed sites sampled simultaneously for diatoms and invertebrates in the spring of 2004 and 2005 were used to calibrate and validate the models. For all the six predictive models, 23 impacted streams from central Portugal affected by organic contamination, industrial effluents and mine drainage were used as test sites. The RIV INV+DIAT model shared with “one-out all-out” approach about 70% of the test sites with the same quality class while the BEAST INV+DIAT model only shared about 40%. The responses to the environmental degradation of the different approaches (including the “one-out all-out”) were analyzed through a Spearman correlation. In spite of the less sensitive RIVPACS approach results in comparison to BEAST, it showed to work better when the two biological elements were joined. The type of data influenced the assessment of the two approaches and diatoms and macroinvertebrates can be integrated reliably into a single method using only the presence/absence type of data.
Can I trust my ears in VR? Literature review of head- related transfer functions and valuation methods with descriptive attributes in virtual reality

In this article, we present the current state of the art in binaural audio with the focus on head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) and valuation methods of virtual acoustics with descriptive attributes. This combination provides a methodology, which delivers the basis for research studies in virtual reality (VR) on individual and non-individual head-related transfer functions. Based on the largely explored localization perception of static audio signals, this review offers an overview of the directional hearing during head and sound source movement and multimodality in audiovisual virtual environments. Perceptual quality characteristics provide evaluation methods from which future HRTF VR experiments and virtual environments studies on binaural acoustics could benefit.
Role of Mesoscale Eddies in Modulating the Semidiurnal Internal Tide: Observation Results in the Northern South China Sea

The role of mesoscale eddies in modulating the semidiurnal internal tide (SIT) in the northern South China Sea (SCS) is examined using the data from a cross-shaped mooring array. From November 2013 to January 2014, an anticyclonic eddy (AE) and cyclonic eddy (CE) pair crossed the westward SIT beam originating in Luzon Strait. Observations showed that, because of the current and stratification modulations by the eddy pair, the propagation speed of the mode-1 SIT sped up (slowed down) by up to 0.7 m s−1 (0.4 m s−1) within the AE’s (CE’s) southern portion. As a result of the spatially varying phase speed, the mode-1 SIT wave crest was clockwise rotated (counterclockwise rotated) within the AE (CE) core, while it exhibited convex and concave (concave and convex) patterns on the southern and northern peripheries of the AE (CE), respectively. In mid-to-late November, most of the mode-1 SIT energy was refracted by the AE away from Dongsha Island toward the north part of the northern SCS, which resulted in enhanced internal solitary waves (ISWs) there. Corresponding to the energy refraction, responses of the depth-integrated mode-1 SIT energy to the eddies were generally in phase at the along-beam-direction moorings but out of phase in the south and north parts of the northern SCS at the cross-beam-direction moorings. From late December to early January, intensified mode-2 SIT was observed, whose energy was likely transferred from the mode-1 SIT through eddy–wave interactions. The observation results reported here are helpful to improve the capability to predict internal tides and ISWs in the northern SCS.