Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic and Asteroseismic Analysis of the Secondary Clump Red Giant HD 226808

In order to clarify the properties of the secondary clump star HD 226808 (KIC 5307747), we combined four years of data from Kepler space photometry with high-resolution spectroscopy of the High Efficiency and Resolution Mercator Échelle Spectrograph mounted on the Mercator telescope. The fundamental atmospheric parameters, radial velocities, rotation velocities, and elemental abundance for Fe and Li were determined by analyzing line strengths and fitting-line profiles, based on a 1D local thermodynamic equilibrium model atmosphere. Second, we analyzed a photometric light curve obtained by Kepler and we extracted asteroseismic data of this target using Lets Analysis, Use and Report of Asteroseismology, a new seismic tool developed for the study of evolved FGK solar-like stars. We determined the evolutionary status and effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, microturbulence, and chemical abundances for Li, Ti, Fe, and Ni for HD 226808, by employing spectroscopy, asteroseismic scaling relations, and evolutionary structure models built in order to match observed data. Our results also show that an accurate synergy between good spectroscopic analysis and asteroseismology can provide a jump toward understanding evolved stars.
Studies on the Bacterial Gall of Myrica rubra : Isolation of a New [7, 0] -Metacyclophan from the Gall and DL-β-Phenyllactic Acid from the Culture of Gall-Forming Bacteria

Studies on the Bacterial Gall of Myrica rubra: Isolation of a New [7,0]-Metacyclophan from the Gall and DL-fl-Phenyllactic Acid from the Culture of Gall-Forming Bacteria YOSHIO TAKEDA,*a TETSURO FUJITA,a, 1 ) TETSURO SHINGU b and CHOEI OGIMI Faculty ofPharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokushima,a Tokushima 770, Japan, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University,b Nishi-ku, Kobe 673, Japan and Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukyu University,c Okinawa 903-01, Japan (Received October 9, 1986)
Spacecraft and interplanetary contributions to the magnetic environment on-board LISA Pathfinder

LISA Pathfinder (LPF) has been a space-based mission designed to test new technologies that will be required for a gravitational wave observatory in space. Magnetically driven forces play a key role in the instrument sensitivity in the low-frequency regime (mHz and below), the measurement band of interest for a space-based observatory. The magnetic field can couple to the magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetic moment from the test masses and disturb them from their geodesic movement. LPF carried on-board a dedicated magnetic measurement subsystem with noise levels of 10 $\rm nT \ Hz^{-1/2}$ from 1 Hz down to 1 mHz. In this paper we report on the magnetic measurements throughout LPF operations. We characterize the magnetic environment within the spacecraft, study the time evolution of the magnetic field and its stability down to 20 μHz, where we measure values around 200 $\rm nT \ Hz^{-1/2}$, and identify two different frequency regimes, one related to the interplanetary magnetic field and the other to the magnetic field originating inside the spacecraft. Finally, we characterize the non-stationary component of the fluctuations of the magnetic field below the mHz and relate them to the dynamics of the solar wind.
OTFS-NOMA based on SCMA

Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) is a $\text{2-D}$ modulation technique that has the potential to overcome the challenges faced by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in high Doppler environments. The performance of OTFS in a multi-user scenario with orthogonal multiple access (OMA) techniques has been impressive. Due to the requirement of massive connectivity in 5G and beyond, it is immensely essential to devise and examine the OTFS system with the existing Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) techniques. In this paper, we propose a multi-user OTFS system based on a code-domain NOMA technique called Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA). This system is referred to as the OTFS-SCMA model. The framework for OTFS-SCMA is designed for both downlink and uplink. First, the sparse SCMA codewords are strategically placed on the delay-Doppler plane such that the overall overloading factor of the OTFS-SCMA system is equal to that of the underlying basic SCMA system. The receiver in downlink performs the detection in two sequential phases: first, the conventional OTFS detection using the method of linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE), and then the conventional SCMA detection. For uplink, we propose a single-phase detector based on message-passing algorithm (MPA) to detect the multiple users' symbols. The performance of the proposed OTFS-SCMA system is validated through extensive simulations both in downlink and uplink. We consider delay-Doppler planes of different parameters and various SCMA systems of overloading factor up to 200$\%$. The performance of OTFS-SCMA is compared with those of existing OTFS-OMA techniques. The comprehensive investigation demonstrates the usefulness of OTFS-SCMA in future wireless communication standards.
Distribution of the Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungus, Rhizoctonia solani, in Relation to Its Host, Pterostylis acuminata, in the Field

The plant pathology model was tested as an explanation of the distribution of orchid mycorrhizal fungi in the field. The mycorrhizal fungus, Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn AG 6, was isolated from adult plants and protocorms of Pterostylis acuminata R.Br. at a study site and from adult plants at five other locations in the Sydney region. In litter and trap seedlings, R. solani AG 6 was found within 50 cm of adult plants of the orchid P. acuminata and was more abundant close to the host plant. In the laboratory, protocorms of P. acuminata became infected with R. solani AG 6, but not with fungi isolated from the other orchids, P. concinna R.Br. , P. ophioglossa R.Br. and Caladenia catenata (Smith) Druce, found at the site. It was concluded that the co-distribution model better explains the distribution of fungus and host in this case.
Evolution of superclusters and supercluster cocoons in various cosmologies

Aims. We investigate the evolution of superclusters and supercluster cocoons (basins of attraction), and the effect of cosmological parameters on the evolution. Methods. We performed numerical simulations of the evolution of the cosmic web for different cosmological models: the Λ cold dark matter (LCDM) model with a conventional value of the dark energy (DE) density, the open model OCDM with no DE, the standard SCDM model with no DE, and the hyper-DE HCDM model with an enhanced DE density value. We find ensembles of superclusters of these models for five evolutionary stages, corresponding to the present epoch z = 0, and to redshifts z = 1, 3, 10, and 30. We used the diameters of the largest superclusters and the number of superclusters as percolation functions to describe the properties of the ensemble of superclusters in the cosmic web. We analysed the size and mass distribution of superclusters in models and in real samples based on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Results. In all models, the numbers and volumes of supercluster cocoons are independent of the cosmological epochs. The supercluster masses increase with time and the geometrical sizes in comoving coordinates decrease with time for all models. The LCDM, OCDM, and HCDM models have almost similar percolation parameters. This suggests that the essential parameter, which defines the evolution of superclusters, is the matter density. The DE density affects the growth of the amplitude of density perturbations and the growth of masses of superclusters, but significantly weaker. The HCDM model has the highest speed of the growth of the density fluctuation amplitude and the largest growth of supercluster masses during the evolution. The geometrical diameters and the numbers of HCDM superclusters at high threshold densities are larger than for the LCDM and OCDM superclusters. The SCDM model has about twice as many superclusters as other models, and the SCDM superclusters have smaller diameters and lower masses. Conclusions. We find that supercluster embryos form at very early cosmological epochs and that the evolution of superclusters occurs mainly inside their cocoons. The evolution of superclusters and their cocoons as derived from density fields agress well with the evolution found from velocity fields.
Nakdan: Professional Hebrew Diacritizer

We present a system for automatic diacritization of Hebrew Text. The system combines modern neural models with carefully curated declarative linguistic knowledge and comprehensive manually constructed tables and dictionaries. Besides providing state of the art diacritization accuracy, the system also supports an interface for manual editing and correction of the automatic output, and has several features which make it particularly useful for preparation of scientific editions of historical Hebrew texts. The system supports Modern Hebrew, Rabbinic Hebrew and Poetic Hebrew. The system is freely accessible for all use at http://nakdanpro.dicta. org.il
Mass on arrival of rockhopper penguins at Marion Island correlated with breeding success

For rockhopper penguins Eudyptes chrysocome at Marion Island, there were significant decreases over time in the numbers breeding and breeding success at three monitored colonies from 1985/1986 to 2006/2007, and in mass on arrival for breeding of both males and females from 1994/1995 to 2007/2008. Breeding success decreased by 0.15 chicks pair−1 y−1 over 22 years and was significantly correlated with mass on arrival of males and females. Survival of chicks at the guard stage was low in the late 1990s; hatching success decreased in the early 2000s. It is thought that an increasingly poor parental condition caused birds to abandon breeding at a progressively early stage. Parental condition is influenced by feeding opportunities at overwintering grounds, which have probably been altered by global climate.
Pepsin Digestibility and Antioxidant Activity of Egg White Protein in Model Systems with Green Coffee Extract

Model systems of egg white protein and green coffee extract were dry heated at 110 or 180oC for up to 1 h to investigate the extent of interactions between coffee polyphenols and a protein of high nutritional significance. Saccharose, starch, sunflower oil, and ferrous ions were also applied to the model mixtures. In heated and control systems amino acid profiles, in vitro pepsin digestibility, color, and antioxidant properties were analyzed. Among heated samples, high protein nutritional value was obtained in the system containing 3% of green coffee extract, while the least favorable conditions for maintaining protein high nutritional value were observed in system of protein, saccharose, starch, and sunflower oil without addition of coffee polyphenols. The samples of high protein nutritional value were also characterized by high antioxidant activity.
Fundamental Properties of the Dark and the Luminous Matter from the Low Surface Brightness Discs

Dark matter (DM) is one of the biggest mystery in the Universe. In this review, we start reporting the evidences for this elusive component and discussing about the proposed particle candidates and scenarios for such phenomenon. Then, we focus on recent results obtained for rotating disc galaxies, in particular for low surface brightness (LSB) galaxies. The main observational properties related to the baryonic matter in LSBs, investigated over the last decades, are briefly recalled. Next, these galaxies are analyzed by means of the mass modelling of their rotation curves both individual and stacked. The latter analysis, via the universal rotation curve (URC) method, results really powerful in giving a global or universal description of the properties of these objects. We report the presence in LSBs of scaling relations among their structural properties that result comparable with those found in galaxies of different morphologies. All this confirms, in disc systems, the existence of a strong entanglement between the luminous matter (LM) and the dark matter (DM). Moreover, we report how in LSBs the tight relationship between their radial gravitational accelerations g and their baryonic components gb results to depend also on the stellar disk length scale and the radius at which the two accelerations have been measured. LSB galaxies strongly challenge the ΛCDM scenario with the relative collisionless dark particle and, alongside with the non-detection of the latter, contribute to guide us towards a new scenario for the DM phenomenon.
Revisiting the Distance, Environment, and Supernova Properties of SNR G57.2+0.8 that Hosts SGR 1935+2154

We have performed a multiwavelength study of supernova remnant (SNR) G57.2+0.8 and its environment. The SNR hosts the magnetar SGR 1935+2154, which emitted an extremely bright millisecond-duration radio burst on 2020 April 28. We used the 12CO and 13CO J = 1–0 data from the Milky Way Image Scroll Painting CO line survey to search for molecular gas associated with G57.2+0.8, in order to constrain the physical parameters (e.g., the distance) of the SNR and its magnetar. We report that SNR G57.2+0.8 is likely impacting the molecular clouds (MCs) at the local standard of rest (LSR) velocity and excites a weak 1720 MHz OH maser with a peak flux density of 47 mJy beam−1. The chance coincidence of a random OH spot falling in the SNR is ≤12%, and the OH–CO correspondence chance is 7% at the maser spot. This combines to give <1% false probability of the OH maser, suggesting a real maser detection. The LSR velocity of the MCs places the SNR and magnetar at a kinematic distance of 6.6 ± 0.7 kpc. The nondetection of thermal X-ray emission from the SNR and the relatively dense environment suggests G57.2+0.8 be an evolved SNR with an age . The explosion energy of G57.2+0.8 is lower than , which is not very energetic even assuming a high ambient density . This reinforces the opinion that magnetars do not necessarily result from very energetic supernova explosions.
Optimality for the two-parameter quadratic sieve

We study the two-parameter quadratic sieve for a general test function. We prove, under some very general assumptions, that the function considered by Barban and Vehov [BV68] and Graham [Gra78] for this problem is optimal up to and including the second-order term. We determine that second-order term explicitly.
An embedding of the Morse boundary in the Martin boundary

We construct a one-to-one continuous map from the Morse boundary of a hierarchically hyperbolic group to its Martin boundary. This construction is based on deviation inequalities generalizing Ancona's work on hyperbolic groups. This provides a possibly new metrizable topology on the Morse boundary of such groups. We also prove that the Morse boundary has measure 0 with respect to the harmonic measure unless the group is hyperbolic.
Anatomy of Higgs decays into $\gamma \gamma$ and $\gamma Z$ within the EChL in the $R_\xi$ gauges

In this work we study the Higgs boson decays into two photons and into one photon and one $Z$ gauge boson within the context of the non-linear Effective Field Theory called the Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian. We present a detailed computation of the corresponding amplitudes to one-loop level in the covariant $R_\xi$ gauges. We assume that the fermionic loop contributions are as in the Standard Model and focus here just in the computation of the bosonic loop contributions. Our renormalization program and the anatomy of the various contributions participating in the $R_\xi$ gauges are fully explored. With this present computation we demonstrate the gauge invariance of the EChL result, not only for the case of on-shell Higgs boson, but also for the most general and interesting case of off-shell Higgs boson. We finally analyse and conclude on the special relevance of the Goldstone boson loops, in good agreement with the expected chiral loops behaviour in Chiral Lagrangians. We perform a systematic comparison with the corresponding computation of the Standard Model in the $R_\xi$ gauges and with the previous EChL results in the unitary gauge. This work represents the first computation within the EChL of these Higgs observables to one-loop in the most general $R_\xi$ gauges and with a full renormalization program description, not yet fully explored in the previous literature and which is different to the most frequently used in the linear Effective Field Theory (SMEFT).
Chromosome core attachment to the meiotic nuclear envelope regulates synapsis in Chloealtis (Orthoptera)

Genetic evidence shows that in inbred families of Chloealtis conspersa, exceptional synapsis occurs between the distal ends of chromosomes 7 and 8 only if the other chromosome 7 carries a supernumerary (B) segment at its distal end. Cytological evidence shows that all the ends of chromosome cores are attached to the nuclear envelope and that synapsis is initiated close to the nuclear envelope. It is shown that distal synapsis of homologues 7 and 7B is perturbed by the B segment, which causes a misalignment of normally homologous regions at the nuclear envelope. It is proposed that this misalignment permits ends of heterologous chromosomes to undergo synapsis if they have mutual distal homologies (common in grasshoppers). In this manner the association between chromosome core ends and nuclear envelope regulates synapsis and chiasma formation in Chloealtis. Other organisms have different heterochromatic polymorphisms and pairing modes, but chiasma redistribution may result from a similar mechanism.Key words.
Soft Interference Cancellation for Random Coding in Massive Gaussian Multiple-Access †

In 2017, Polyanskiy showed that the trade-off between power and bandwidth efficiency for massive Gaussian random access is governed by two fundamentally different regimes: low power and high power. For both regimes, tight performance bounds were found by Zadik et al., in 2019. This work utilizes recent results on the exact block error probability of Gaussian random codes in additive white Gaussian noise to propose practical methods based on iterative soft decoding to closely approach these bounds. In the low power regime, this work finds that orthogonal random codes can be applied directly. In the high power regime, a more sophisticated effort is needed. This work shows that power-profile optimization by means of linear programming, as pioneered by Caire et al. in 2001, is a promising strategy to apply. The proposed combination of orthogonal random coding and iterative soft decoding even outperforms the existence bounds of Zadik et al. in the low power regime and is very close to the non-existence bounds for message lengths around 100 and above. Finally, the approach of power optimization by linear programming proposed for the high power regime is found to benefit from power imbalances due to fading which makes it even more attractive for typical mobile radio channels.
Boosting radiotherapy dose calculation accuracy with deep learning

Abstract In radiotherapy, a trade‐off exists between computational workload/speed and dose calculation accuracy. Calculation methods like pencil‐beam convolution can be much faster than Monte‐Carlo methods, but less accurate. The dose difference, mostly caused by inhomogeneities and electronic disequilibrium, is highly correlated with the dose distribution and the underlying anatomical tissue density. We hypothesize that a conversion scheme can be established to boost low‐accuracy doses to high‐accuracy, using intensity information obtained from computed tomography (CT) images. A deep learning‐driven framework was developed to test the hypothesis by converting between two commercially available dose calculation methods: Anisotropic analytic algorithm (AAA) and Acuros XB (AXB). A hierarchically dense U‐Net model was developed to boost the accuracy of AAA dose toward the AXB level. The network contained multiple layers of varying feature sizes to learn their dose differences, in relationship to CT, both locally and globally. Anisotropic analytic algorithm and AXB doses were calculated in pairs for 120 lung radiotherapy plans covering various treatment techniques, beam energies, tumor locations, and dose levels. For each case, the CT and the AAA dose were used as the input and the AXB dose as the “ground‐truth” output, to train and test the model. The mean squared errors (MSEs) and gamma passing rates (2 mm/2% & 1 mm/1%) were calculated between the boosted AAA doses and the “ground‐truth” AXB doses. The boosted AAA doses demonstrated substantially improved match to the “ground‐truth” AXB doses, with average (± s.d.) gamma passing rate (1 mm/1%) 97.6% (±2.4%) compared to 87.8% (±9.0%) of the original AAA doses. The corresponding average MSE was 0.11(±0.05) vs 0.31(±0.21). Deep learning is able to capture the differences between dose calculation algorithms to boost the low‐accuracy algorithms. By combining a less accurate dose calculation algorithm with a trained deep learning model, dose calculation can potentially achieve both high accuracy and efficiency.
Genetic structure of Pyrenophora teres populations determined with random amplified polymorphic DNA markers

The genetic structure of Pyrenophora teres, an ascomycete fungus that causes net blotch of barley, was examined using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Twenty-seven random oligonucleotide primers were screened against DNA from 16 isolates of P. teres of diverse geographic origin. Five primers gave scorable, reproducible DNA products (bands) suitable for population genetic studies. Genetic analyses of bands produced by two of the primers revealed single locus segregation in three of four crosses, indicating that these RAPDs can be interpreted as alleles at genetic loci. Allele frequencies were determined for 10 putative RAPD loci from five primers in 22–35 isolates of P. teres sampled from each of five geographically separated populations in Canada, Germany, and the U.S.A. Eight RAPD loci were polymorphic in at least one population and two loci were monomorphic in all five populations. Variation in allele frequencies (allelic diversity) among the five populations was partitioned into within-.
Correlações genéticas e fenotípicas entre características de tipo e produção de leite em bovinos da raça Holandesa

Correlacoes geneticas e fenotipicas entre 21 caracteristicas lineares de tipo e producao de leite em ate 305 dias de lactacao foram estimadas pela maxima verossimilhanca restrita sob modelo animal, a partir de dados da Associacao de Criadores de Gado Holandes de Minas Gerais. Nas analises das caracteristicas lineares, os efeitos fixos utilizados no modelo incluiram estadio da lactacao, idade do animal, grupo contemporâneo de rebanho, ano e estacao de classificacao, e o efeito aleatorio do pai da vaca. As caracteristicas lineares que apresentaram maiores correlacoes geneticas com producao de leite foram largura do ubere posterior (0,60) e largura de garupa (0,37), indicando nao haver antagonismo genetico entre a selecao para essas caracteristicas e a producao de leite. As correlacoes fenotipicas entre caracteristicas lineares de tipo e producao de leite foram, em geral, menores do que as correlacoes geneticas correspondentes. As correlacoes fenotipicas entre as caracteristicas lineares apresentaram-se altas dentro das secoes de conformacao/capacidade e de sistema mamario. Correlacoes geneticas entre algumas caracteristicas lineares foram altas, possibilitando a exclusao de algumas delas do programa de classificacao linear adotado para a raca Holandesa no Brasil.