Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental Health, and Study Habits of Prospective Teachers in Corona Pandemic Situation

The COVID-19 pandemic is considered the most crucial global health calamity of the century and the greatest challenge that humankind has faced since the 2 nd World War. It has rapidly spread around the world, posing enormous health, economic, environmental, and social challenges to the entire human population. The coronavirus outbreak is severely disrupting the global economy. This pandemic has also affected people’s mental health and study habits. India has driven the increase in numbers in Asia, with more than seven million confirmed infections, the second-highest official total in the world after the US. Present research attempted to study the mental health and study habits of prospective teachers in corona pandemic situation. Sample consisted of 71 (Male= 34 and Female= 37) prospective teachers from 4 teacher training institutions of Bihar. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale- 21 (DASS- 21) by Lovibond, S. H. & Lovibond, P. F. and Study Habit Inventory by Dr. B. V. Patel were used to collect data. Statistical techniques mean, standard deviation, t-test technique and ANOVA was used for the analysis of the data and result showed no significant difference in the mental health of prospective teachers in corona pandemic situation from different teacher training institutions and different teacher training programmes as well as with respect to locale. While there was significant difference in the mental health and study habits of female and male prospective teachers from different teacher training institutions in corona pandemic. While no significant difference was found in the study habits of prospective teachers in corona pandemic situation with respect to locale.
Glycerolipid defects in skeletal muscle contribute to rhabdomyolysis in Tango2 deficiency

Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical emergency characterized by severe muscle damage resulting in the release of intracellular muscle components leading to myoglobinuria and in severe cases, acute kidney failure. Rhabdomyolysis is caused by genetic factors that are linked to increased disease susceptibility in response to extrinsic triggers. Recessive mutations in TANGO2 result in episodic rhabdomyolysis, metabolic crises, encephalopathy and cardiac arrhythmia, the underlying mechanism contributing to disease onset in response to specific triggers remains unclear. To address these challenges, we created a zebrafish model of Tango2 deficiency. Here we show that loss of Tango2 in zebrafish results in growth defects, early lethality and increased susceptibility of muscle defects similar to TANGO2 patients. Detailed analyses of skeletal muscle revealed defects in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria at the onset of disease development. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) constitutes the primary lipid biosynthesis site and regulates calcium handling in skeletal muscle to control excitation-contraction coupling. Tango2 deficient SR exhibits increased sensitivity to calcium release that was partly restored by inhibition of Ryr1-mediated Ca2+ release in skeletal muscle. Using lipidomics, we identified alterations in the glycerolipid state of tango2 mutants which is critical for membrane stability and energy balance. Therefore, these studies provide insight into key disease processes in Tango2 deficiency and increased our understanding of how specific defects can predispose to environmental triggers in TANGO2-related disorders.
On the IceCube spectral anomaly

Recently it was noted that different IceCube datasets are not consistent with the same power law spectrum of the cosmic neutrinos: this is the IceCube spectral anomaly, that suggests that they observe a multicomponent spectrum. In this work, the main possibilities to enhance the description in terms of a single extragalactic neutrino component are examined. The hypothesis of a sizable contribution of Galactic high-energy neutrino events distributed as E−2.7 [Astrophys. J. 826 (2016) 185] is critically analyzed and its natural generalization is considered. The stability of the expectations is studied by introducing free parameters, motivated by theoretical considerations and observational facts. The upgraded model here examined has 1) a Galactic component with different normalization and shape E−2.4; 2) an extragalactic neutrino spectrum based on new data; 3) a non-zero prompt component of atmospheric neutrinos. The two key predictions of the model concern the `high-energy starting events' collected from the Southern sky. The Galactic component produces a softer spectrum and a testable angular anisotropy. A second, radically different class of models, where the second component is instead isotropic, plausibly extragalactic and with a relatively soft spectrum, is disfavored instead by existing observations of muon neutrinos from the Northern sky and below few 100 TeV.
THE SPECTROSCOPIC CLASSIFICATION AND EXPLOSION PROPERTIES OF SN 2009nz ASSOCIATED WITH GRB 091127 AT z = 0.490

We present spectroscopic observations of GRB 091127 (z = 0.490) at the peak of the putative associated supernova SN 2009nz. Subtracting a late-time spectrum of the host galaxy, we isolate the contribution of SN 2009nz and uncover broad features typical of nearby gamma-ray-burst–supernovae (GRB–SNe). This establishes unambiguously that GRB 091127 was accompanied by a broad-lined Type Ic SN, and links a cosmological long burst with a standard energy release (Eγ, iso ≈ 1.1 × 1052 erg) to a massive star progenitor. The spectrum of SN 2009nz closely resembles that of SN 2006aj, with SN 2003dh also providing an acceptable match, but has significantly narrower features than SNe 1998bw and 2010bh, indicative of a lower expansion velocity. The photospheric velocity inferred from the Si ii λ6355 absorption feature, vph ≈ 17, 000 km s−1, is indeed closer to that of SNe 2006aj and 2003dh than to the other GRB–SNe. Combining the measured velocity with the light curve peak brightness and width, we estimate the following nominal (maximal) explosion parameters: MNi ≈ 0.35 (0.6) M☉, EK ≈ 2.3 × 1051 (8.4 × 1051) erg, and Mej ≈ 1.4 (3.5) M☉, similar to those of SN 2006aj. These properties indicate that SN 2009nz follows a trend of lower MNi for GRB–SNe with lower EK and Mej. Equally important, since GRB 091127 is a typical cosmological burst, the similarity of SN 2009nz to SN 2006aj either casts doubt on the claim that XRF 060218/SN 2006aj was powered by a neutron star or indicates that the nature of the central engine is encoded in the SN properties but not in the prompt emission. Future spectra of GRB–SNe at z ≳ 0.3 will shed light on the full dispersion of SN properties for standard long GRBs, on the relation between SNe associated with sub-energetic and standard GRBs, and on a potential dispersion in the associated SN types.
Special Section on Sexual Dimorphism in Neuroimmune Cells Sex- and Region-Specific Differences in the Transcriptomes of Rat Microglia from the Brainstem and Cervical Spinal Cord s

The neural control system underlying breathing is sexually dimorphic with males being more vulnerable to dysfunction. Microglia also display sex differences, and their role in the architecture of brainstem respiratory rhythm circuitry and modulation of cervical spinal cord respiratory plasticity is becoming better appreciated. To further understand the molecular underpinnings of these sex differences, we performed RNA sequenc- ing of immunomagnetically isolated microglia from brainstem and cervical spinal cord of adult male and female rats. We used various bioinformatics tools (Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Reactome, STRING, MAGICTRICKS) to functionally categorize identified gene sets, as well as to pinpoint common transcriptional gene drivers that may be responsible for the observed transcriptomic differences. We found few sex differences in the microglial transcriptomes derived from the brainstem, but several hundred genes were differentially expressed by sex in cervical spinal microglia. Comparing brainstem and spinal microglia within and between sexes, we found that the major factor guiding transcriptomic differences was central nervous system (CNS) location rather than sex. We further identified key transcriptional drivers that may be responsible for the transcriptomic differences observed between sexes and CNS regions; enhancer of zeste homolog 2 emerged as the predominant driver of the differentially downregulated genes. We suggest that functional gene alterations identified in metabolism, transcription, and intercellular communication underlie critical microglial heterogeneity and sex differ- ences in CNS regions that contribute to respiratory disorders categorized by dysfunction in neural control. These data will also serve as an important resource data base to advance our understanding of innate immune cell contributions to sex differ- ences and the field of respiratory neural control.
Accelerating dark energy models with anisotropic fluid in Bianchi type VI0 space-time

Motivated by the increasing evidence for the need of a geometry that resembles Bianchi morphology to explain the observed anisotropy in the WMAP data, we have discussed some features of Bianchi type VIo universes in the presence of a fluid that has an anisotropic equation of state (EoS) parameter in general relativity. We present two accelerating dark energy (DE) models with an anisotropic fluid in Bianchi type VI0 space-time. To ensure a deterministic solution, we choose the scale factor , which yields a time-dependent deceleration parameter, representing a class of models which generate a transition of the universe from the early decelerating phase to the recent accelerating phase. Under suitable conditions, the anisotropic models approach an isotropic scenario. The EoS for DE ω is found to be time-dependent and its existing range for derived models is in good agreement with data from recent observations of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) (Knop et al. 2003), SNe Ia data combined with cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy and galaxy clustering statistics (Tegmark et al. 2004a), as well as the latest combination of cosmological datasets coming from CMB anisotropies, luminosity distances of high redshift SNe Ia and galaxy clustering. For different values of n, we can generate a class of physically viable DE models. The cosmological constant Λ is found to be a positive decreasing function of time and it approaches a small positive value at late time (i.e. the present epoch), which is corroborated by results from recent SN Ia observations. We also observe that our solutions are stable. The physical and geometric aspects of both models are also discussed in detail.
BIROn - Birkbeck Institutional Research Online Bidirectional associations between sleep problems and behavioural difﬁculties and healthrelated quality of life in adolescents: evidence from the longitudinal study.

Background: Sleep problems show associations with negative outcomes in both physical and mental health in adolescents, but the associations may be reciprocal. We aimed to assess bidirectional associations between sleep problems and mental health symptoms including behavioural difficulties (internalising and externalising difficulties) and low health ‐ related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods: A total of 6616 adolescents (52.4% females) across Greater London completed baseline assessments when they were aged 11–12 years, and 3803 of them (57.2% females) completed follow ‐ up assessments at aged 13–15 years. Weekday and weekend sleep duration were derived from self ‐ reported bedtime, sleep onset latency and wake time. Sleep disturbance was assessed using a standardized sleep disturbance scale. Internalising and externalising difficulties were assessed using subscales of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. HRQoL was assessed using the KIDSCREEN ‐ 10 questionnaire. Cross ‐ lagged structural equation modelling was used with multiple imputation to examine bidirectional associations between sleep problems and mental health symptoms. Results: Females had greater internalising difficulties, worse HRQoL and more sleep disturbance than males. Persistent insufficient weekday and weekend sleep, and sleep disturbance (i.e., at both baseline and follow ‐ up) were associated with internalising and externalising difficulties and low HRQoL at follow ‐ up (ORs ranged from 1.53 to 3.63). Persistent externalising difficulties and low HRQoL were also associated with insufficient weekend sleep and sleep disturbance at follow ‐ up (ORs ranged from 1.68 to 4.25). Using continuous variables, we found bidirectional associations between weekday sleep duration and HRQoL, weekend sleep duration and externalising score, sleep quality and internalising score, and sleep quality and HRQoL. The association magnitudes were mostly similar in the two directions. Conclusions: Our study showed bidirectional associations between sleep problems and mental health symptoms during adolescence, indicating that early intervention and treatment on the first ‐ occurring symptom may prevent the development of subsequent problems.
New concept for the development of Bi-2212 wires for high-field applications

The first step towards high critical currents in Bi-2212 wires was recognizing that the supercurrent is blocked over long lengths by filament-diameter bubbles grown during the melt stage, which cause expansion of the wire diameter and dedensification of the superconducting filaments. While a succesful approach to reducing the problem of voids related to bubbles involved the application of a high overpressure during the heat treatment, we fabricated Bi-2212 wires by applying a new concept of suitably alternating groove-rolling and drawing techniques with the aim of densifying the phase during the working procedure prior to the heat treatment. We here for the first time were able to reach, in wires reacted with closed ends—i.e. with gas trapped in the wire as it happens in long length wires—the very same values of critical current shown in short wires reacted with open ends. This is the irrefutable evidence that, only by acting on the deformation technique, we were able to raise the critical current by properly densifying the superconducting powder inside the filaments already before the melt stage. Whole-conductor current densities in our long-length simulation wires already reach 400 A mm−2 at 4.2 K and 5 T, which can be still easily increased through architecture optimization. The actual breakthrough is that the densification is optimized without further complex treatments through a technique which can be straightforwardly applied to long length wires.
Investigating powerful jets in radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1s

We report results on multiband observations from radio to gamma-rays of the two radio-loud narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) galaxies PKS 2004-447 and J1548+3511. Both sources show a core-jet structure on parsec scale, while they are unresolved at the arcsecond scale. The high core dominance and the high variability brightness temperature make these NLSy1 galaxies good gamma-ray source candidates. Fermi-Large Area Telescope detected gamma-ray emission only from PKS 2004-447, with a gamma-ray luminosity comparable to that observed in blazars. No gamma-ray emission is observed for J1548+ 3511. Both sources are variable in X-rays. J1548+ 3511 shows a hardening of the spectrum during high activity states, while PKS 2004-447 has no spectral variability. A spectral steepening likely related to the soft excess is hinted below 2 keV for J1548+ 3511, while the X-ray spectra of PKS 2004-447 collected by XMM-Newton in 2012 are described by a single power law without significant soft excess. No additional absorption above the Galactic column density or the presence of an Fe line is detected in the X-ray spectra of both sources.
POSSIBLE CHANGES OF STATE AND RELEVANT TIMESCALES FOR A NEUTRON STAR IN LS I +61°303

The properties of the short, energetic bursts recently observed from the γ-ray binary LS I +61°303 are typical of those showed by high magnetic field neutron stars (NSs) and thus provide a strong indication in favor of a NS being the compact object in the system. Here, we discuss the transitions among the states accessible to a NS in a system like LS I +61°303, such as the ejector, propeller, and accretor phases, depending on the NS spin period, magnetic field, and rate of mass captured. We show how the observed bolometric luminosity (≳ few × 1035 erg s−1) and its broadband spectral distribution indicate that the compact object is most probably close to the transition between working as an ejector all along its orbit and being powered by the propeller effect when it is close to the orbit periastron, in a so-called flip-flop state. By assessing the torques acting onto the compact object in the various states, we follow the spin evolution of the system, evaluating the time spent by the system in each of them. Even taking into account the constraint set by the observed γ-ray luminosity, we found that the total age of the system is compatible with being ≈5–10 kyr, comparable to the typical spin-down ages of high-field NSs. The results obtained are discussed in the context of the various evolutionary stages expected for a NS with a high-mass companion.
Protection against infection with the Omicron BA.5 subvariant among people with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection - surveillance results from southern Sweden, June to August 2022

We evaluated the protection afforded by SARS-CoV-2 natural infection against reinfection among vaccinated during a calendar period from June to August 2022 when Omicron BA.5 was the dominating subvariant in Scania county, Sweden. We formed a study cohort (n = 71 592) mainly consisting of health care workers by restricting to people 18-64 years old who received their first vaccine dose relatively early (24 April 2021 or sooner). We used continuous density case-control 1:10 sampling matched for sex and age within the study cohort, and thereby obtained 1 114 cases during Omicron BA.5 dominance and 11 140 controls who were analysed with conditional logistic regression. Limited protection against reinfection was suggested from prior infection of virus variants before Omicron (11%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -10 to 28%]. By contrast, prior Omicron infection offered clear protection (65%, 95% CI 56-73%). For the Omicron BA.2 subvariant, stronger protection was suggested during early (85%, 95% CI 75-91%) than later BA.5 dominance (66%, 95% CI 48-78%). Lower protection was observed from the previous BA.1 subvariant (30%; 95% CI -4 to 53%). These findings suggest that natural infection from the Omicron subvariants contributes to short-term population protection against reinfection with the subvariant BA.5 among vaccinated, but wanes considerably 5-6 months after infection.
Analysis of functional connectivity using machine learning and deep learning in multimodal data from patients with schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder associated with persistent or recurrent psychosis, hallu- cinations, delusions, and thought disorders that affect approximately 26 million people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Several studies encompass machine learning and deep learning algorithms to automate the diagnosis of this mental disorder. Others study schizophrenia brain networks to get new insights into the dynamics of information processing in patients suffering from the condition. In this paper, we offer a rigorous approach with machine learning and deep learning techniques for evaluating connectivity matrices and measures of complex networks to establish an automated diagnosis and comprehend the topology and dynamics of brain networks in schizophrenia patients. For this purpose, we employed an fMRI and EEG dataset in a multimodal fashion. In addition, we combined EEG measures, i.e., Hjorth mobility and complexity, to complex network measurements to be analyzed in our model for the first time in the literature. When comparing the schizophrenia group to the control group, we found a high positive correlation between the left superior parietal lobe and the left motor cortex and a positive correlation between the left dorsal posterior cingulate cortex and the left primary motor. In terms of complex network measures, the diameter, which corresponds to the longest shortest path length in a network, may be regarded as a biomarker because it is the most important measure in a multimodal fashion. Furthermore, the schizophrenia brain networks exhibit less segregation and lower distribution of information. As a final result, EEG measures outperformed complex networks in capturing the brain alterations associated with schizophrenia. As a result, our model achieved an AUC of 100%, an accuracy of 98% for the fMRI, an AUC of 95 %, and an accuracy of 95% for the EEG data set. These are excellent classification results. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of specific brain connections and network measures for these results, which helped us better describe changes in the diseased brain.
Successful Detection of Delta and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2 by Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Participants in an Interlaboratory Comparison Exercise

Background: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic veterinary diagnostic laboratories have tested diagnostic samples for SARS-CoV-2 not only in animals, but in over five million human samples. An evaluation of the performance of those laboratories is needed using blinded test samples to ensure that laboratories report reliable data to the public. This interlaboratory comparison exercise (ILC3) builds on two prior exercises to assess whether veterinary diagnostic laboratories can detect Delta and Omicron variants spiked in canine nasal matrix or viral transport medium. Methods: Inactivated Delta variant at levels of 25 to 1,000 copies per 50 microliters of nasal matrix were prepared for participants by the ILC organizer, an independent laboratory, for blinded analysis. Omicron variant at 1,000 copies per 50 microliters of transport medium was also included. Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) RNA was used as a confounder for specificity assessment. A total of 14 test samples were prepared for each participant. Participants used their routine diagnostic procedures for RNA extraction and real-time RT-PCR. Results were analyzed according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 16140 - 2:2016. Results: The overall results showed 93% detection for Delta and 97% for Omicron at 1,000 copies per 50 microliters (22-200 copies per reaction). The overall specificity was 97% for blank samples and 100% for blank samples with FIPV. No differences in Ct values were significant for samples with the same virus levels between N1 and N2 markers, nor between the two variants. Conclusions: The results indicated that all ILC3 participants were able to detect both Delta and Omicron variants. The canine nasal matrix did not significantly affect SARS-CoV-2 detection.