Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fermentation Process of Glycerol to Arabitol from Byproducts of Reutalis trisperma Biodiesel Using Yeast of Debaryomyces Hansenii

Arabitol byproduct on the production of biodiesel Reutalis trisperma has calories of 0.2 cals / g equivalent to the level of sweetness of sucrose can be produced by using the yeast of Debaryomyces hansenii. The research was done by experimental method and descriptive analysis with two replications. The variation in this study was the ratio between the concentration of glycerol substrate and the fermentation medium added to 250 m / L of work volume in five treatments, namely: A (1: 16) crude glycerol, B (1: 16) pure glycerol, C (1: 8) crude glycerol, D (1:5) crude glycerol, and E (1:4) crude glycerol. The experimental results that the D. hansenii ITB CC R85 yeast may accumulate the formation of arabitol during the stationary phase at 120 h. The best fermentation condition was obtained at treatment C with a specific growth rate (μ) of 0.0608/h, arabitol concentration of 0.2373 g / L, the yield of arabitol to glycerol (Yp / s) of 0.0041 g / g, the yield of biomass to the substrate (Yx / s) of 0.3214 g / g.
Satellite remote sensing of aerosol optical depth: advances, challenges, and perspectives

Abstract Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is widely recognized as a critical indicator in understanding atmospheric physics and regional air quality because of its capability for quantifying aerosol loading in the atmosphere. Retrieving AOD from space-borne sensors’ observations has become the primary technique for monitoring aerosol loading on a large scale. There is currently a renewed interest in designing new satellite sensors and developing more advanced retrieval algorithms to measure AOD from space in order to better quantify concentrations of particulate matters (PMs) for advanced air quality management, environmental health assessment, and climate change studies. However, retrieving high-resolution AOD at varying scales is still a challenging task due to the low signal-to-noise ratio in sensing, algorithmic synthesis constraints, downscaling issues, and data gaps resulting from adverse impacts such as cloud contamination. Current state-of-the-art technologies still do not permit delicate urban-scale environmental health studies based on appropriate AOD-PMs relationships. This review paper provides a holistic view of the major advances in AOD measurements, elucidates the limitations of current AOD products, presents the challenges with respect to the derivation of high-resolution AOD, and highlights perspectives regarding the possible improvements of satellite-based AOD estimation. Graphical Abstract
Foliar application of zinc in the agronomic biofortification of arugula

Humans need at least 22 nutrients to maintain a proper and healthy metabolism (White & Broadley, 2005), with food being the main means of supplying these nutrients. Zinc is part of this group, being classified as a micronutrient with daily requirements of 11 mg for a male adult (National Onstitutes of Health, 2016). Zn performs several functions, being related to the functioning of the immune system, sensory function, neurobehavioral development, reproductive health, growth, and physical development (Hotz & Brown, 2004).
Renal Cortical Structural Alterations in Atorvastatin-treated Rats and the Possible Protective Mechanisms of L-Carnitine

The present study investigated the structural changes in rat kidney following administration of atorvastatin and evaluated the possible protective role of L-carnitine. Rats were divided into four groups, group I- control group, group II received L-carnitine at 100 mg/kg/d, group III received atorvastatin at 80 mg/kg/d and group IV received atorvastatin plus L-carnitine. Hematoxylin and Eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, inducible nitric oxide synthase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and electron microscopy investigation were performed. Light microscopy results of atorvastatin group showed severe atrophic glomeruli with widened glomerular spaces. Some renal tubules showed cytoplasmic vacuolations, loss of brush borders, hemorrhage and mild congested blood capillaries. Strong positive inducible nitric oxide synthase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining in the tubules were observed. Ultrastructurally, the proximal convoluted tubules had small electron dense nuclei, numerous lysosomes, partial loss of microvilli and vacuolations. The podocytes revealed united foot processes and increase in the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane. L-carnitine preserved the structure of renal cortex, decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase and increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen reaction. In conclusion, atorvastatin exerted a deleterious effect and L-carnitine improved most of the histological changes produced by atorvastatin.
X-ray back-diffraction: can we further increase the energy resolution by tuning the energy slightly below that of exact backscattering?

X-ray beams at energies tuned slightly below that of exact backscattering (extreme conditions, where X-ray back-diffraction is almost extinguished – called residual XBD) are better focused if the experiment is carried out at lower energies in order to avoid multiple-beam diffraction effects. Following previous work by the authors [Hönnicke, Conley, Cusatis, Kakuno, Zhou, Bouet, Marques & Vicentin (2014). J. Appl. Cryst. 47, 1658–1665], herein efforts are directed towards characterizing the residual XBD beam of an ultra-thin Si 220 crystal (UTSiXTAL) at ∼3.2 keV. To achieve the residual XBD condition the UTSiXTAL was cooled from 310 to 273 K. The results indicate that under this extreme condition the energy resolution can be further improved. Issues with the energy resolution measurements due to incoming beam divergence and the ultra-thin crystal flatness are discussed.
Induction of Ovulation

Progesterone and pregn-5-ene-3,20-dione, the proposed intermediate between pregnenolone and progesterone in the rat ovary, were able to overcome the phenobarbital (PB)-induced block of ovulation in the PMSG-primed immature rats when given 3\m=1/2\hr after PB. Pregnenolone failed to cause ovulation in any of the animals treated with phenobarbital, providing support for the hypothesis that the ovulation-inhibiting action of PB may be due in part to its inhibitory action on the step in steroidogenesis between pregnenolone and progesterone. The principal metabolites of progesterone in the hypothalamus and uterus, 5\g=a\-pregnane-3,20-dioneand 3\g=a\-hydroxy-5\g=a\-pregnan-20-one,
Author response: Ribosome•RelA structures reveal the mechanism of stringent response activation

Stringent response is a conserved bacterial stress response underlying virulence and antibiotic resistance. RelA/SpoT-homolog proteins synthesize transcriptional modulators (p)ppGpp, allowing bacteria to adapt to stress. RelA is activated during amino-acid starvation, when cognate deacyl-tRNA binds to the ribosomal A (aminoacyl-tRNA) site. We report four cryo-EM structures of E. coli RelA bound to the 70S ribosome, in the absence and presence of deacyl-tRNA accommodating in the 30S A site. The boomerang-shaped RelA with a wingspan of more than 100 Å wraps around the A/R (30S A-site/RelA-bound) tRNA. The CCA end of the A/R tRNA pins the central TGS domain against the 30S subunit, presenting the (p)ppGpp-synthetase domain near the 30S spur. The ribosome and A/R tRNA are captured in three conformations, revealing hitherto elusive states of tRNA engagement with the ribosomal decoding center. Decoding-center rearrangements are coupled with the step-wise 30S-subunit ’closure’, providing insights into the dynamics of high-fidelity tRNA decoding. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.17029. 001
Aktivitas Antioksidan Infusa Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) Terhadap Warna Daun

Daun dari tanaman kelor bermanfaat sebagai antioksidan. Hal ini telah diketahui dari beberapa hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Namun dalam hal perbedaan warna daun mempengaruhi kekuatan antioksidan yang dimiliki oleh daun kelor belum diteliti maka pada penelitian ini peneliti menguji kekuatan aktivitas antioksidan infusa daun kelor hijau muda dan hijau tua yang diambil dari daerah Bengkulu-Indonesia. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan untuk pengujian ini adalah infusa sedangkan zat radikal yang digunakan adalah DPPH. Hasil kekuatan aktivitas antioksidan 50% infusa daun kelor hijau muda, daun kelor tua, dan vitamin C berturut-turut adalah sebesar 181,45µg/m;, 318,57µg/mL; 5,49 µg/mL. Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan kekuatan aktivitas antioksidan infusa daun kelor muda lebih besar daripada daun kelor hijau tua. Hasil signifikansi konsentrasi dihitung dengan menggunakan uji T Paired Two Sample dengan nilai α = 0,05.The leaves of Moringa plants are useful as antioxidants. This has been known from several results of studies that have been done before. However, in terms of differences in leaf color affecting the antioxidant power possessed by Moringa leaves has not been studied, in this study the researchers tested the strength of the antioxidant activity of light green and dark green Moringa leaves taken from the Bengkulu-Indonesia area. The extraction method used for this test is infusion while the radical used is DPPH. The results of the strength of the antioxidant activity of 50% infusion of young green Moringa leaves, old Moringa leaves, and vitamin C respectively were 181.45 µg / m ;, 318.57 µg / mL; 5.49 μg / mL. The test results showed the strength of the antioxidant activity of young Moringa leaf infusion was greater than the dark green Moringa leaves. The results of the significance of the concentration were calculated using the Paired Two Sample T test with a value of α = 0.05.
Dielectric Modulated Cellulose Paper/PDMS‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Wireless Transmission and Electropolymerization Applications

Achieving high output performance is the key in the development of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for future versatile applications. In this study, a novel TENG assembled with porous cellulose paper and polydimethylsiloxane is demonstrated. Through dielectric modulation of the friction materials by the nanoparticles (i.e., BaTiO3, Ag), the triboelectric outputs increase significantly with the permittivity increase, which is attributed to the enhancement of the charge trapping capability and the surface charge density of the friction materials. The dielectric modulated TENG demonstrates a high output voltage of 88 V and a current of 8.3 µA, corresponding to an output power of 141 µW. Acting as a sensor unit, the TENG can successfully operate in a wireless transmission system, which can remotely monitor the machine operation and deliver the messages associated with finger movements. Moreover, the TENG can also perform as an efficient power source in an electropolymerization system for electropolymerizing polyaniline on a carbon nanotube electrode, holding a great potential to synthesize a high capacitance electrode for supercapacitors. This work provides a simple and efficient way to construct high performance TENGs and promotes their practical applications in the fields of wireless transmission and electropolymerization systems.
Publication Productivity for Academic Ophthalmologists and Academic Ophthalmology Departments in the United States: an Analytical Report

Abstract Purpose Quantifying scholarly output for academic ophthalmologists and academic ophthalmology departments provides a benchmark for academic productivity, offering information about how well an academic department facilitates the scholarly activity of its faculty. Bibliometrics is a statistical method to analyze scientific literature. Among benchmarking methods, the h-index has been the most widely accepted. The h-index samples a researcher's publication quantity while controlling for quality through citation count. The m-quotient adjusts the h-index according to the number of years since the first peer-reviewed publication, allowing for productivity assessments independent of career length. This study utilizes bibliometrics to create profiles for academic ophthalmology in the United States. Methods Bibliometric profiles were created for 2,824 ophthalmologists from 110 nonmilitary departments. Profiles included the h-index and m-quotient calculated from an online citation database. Comparisons between academic rank, gender, region, and subspecialty were performed. Departments were ranked by the summation as well as the mean of h-indices for each faculty member. Results The mean h-index and m-quotient were 10.56 ± 11.96 and 0.52 ± 0.44, respectively. Both of these values exhibited a positive relationship with increasing academic rank (p < 0.001). Faculty with subspecialties in ocular oncology, pathology, vitreoretinal disease, neuro-ophthalmology, and uveitis had higher mean h-indices than those in cornea and external disease, glaucoma, pediatrics, oculoplastics, anterior segment, and comprehensive ophthalmology. Males (n = 1,989) demonstrated a significantly higher mean h-index than females (n = 835), 12.12 ± 12.66 versus 6.84 ± 9.07. This difference was still significant after correcting for academic rank (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in m-quotients between genders (p = 0.955). Ranked by summed h-indices, the top five programs for publication productivity in the United States in descending order were Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Miami, Thomas Jefferson University, Johns Hopkins University, and the University of Wisconsin. Conclusion This report benchmarks the publication productivity of academic ophthalmologists and academic ophthalmology departments in the United States. These results may serve program development in academic ophthalmology departments and prospective trainees and faculty.
Untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for rapid discovery of metabolite biomarkers to reveal therapeutic effects of Psoralea corylifolia seeds against osteoporosis

Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry has been used as metabolomics profiling tool to discover and identify the metabolites in metabolic diseases. Osteoporosis (OP) syndrome is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by bone mass reduction and changes in bone microstructure. Psoralea corylifolia Linn. seeds (PCS) have a therapeutic effect on osteoporosis, but their action mechanism and therapeutic target are still unclear. This study aims to explore the metabolic changes of the urine profile in glucocorticoid-induced OP model rats and the therapeutic effect of PCS. High-throughput metabolomics based on the liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis were used to analyze the urine metabolites. The results showed that has an obvious separation between model and control groups. OPLS-DA was used to further analyze and discover substances that contributed to the separation. 42 potential biomarkers and 12 related metabolic pathways were identified in combination with network databases. After the intervention of PCS, 24 biomarkers were significantly regulated, mainly with glycone, serine and threonine metabolism, glutathione metabolism and purine metabolism and other metabolic pathways are related and discovered. This study has proved that PCS has therapeutic effect against OP by regulating that metabolic pathways disturbed in the OP. It provided a basis for the research and future development of new drugs for OP treatment.
Reassessment of Adult Recommendations and Supplements of Calcium

Recent reports question the need of calcium intakes greater than 700 to 800 mg/d to support the maintenance of bone mass and density, especially among older adults. In addition, several publications suggest that calcium supplements may not be helping older adults reduce skeletal fractures or maintain bone mass, except in truly undernourished elders who are typically institutionalized. Finally, calcium supplements may contribute to arterial and heart valvular calcifications, renal stones, and, possibly, to brain lesions and depression, but a cause-and-effect relationship has not been established. Current US intakes of calcium by adults have increased in the last couple of decades, in large part because of supplements. Because of the potential adverse effects of calcium supplements, that is, calcium loading that may result in arterial calcification and renal stones, some suggest recommendations of calcium intakes for healthy adults from food sources with only additional amounts from supplements when institutionalized or frail elderly cannot obtain enough calcium from foods. A reassessment of the recommended dietary allowances of older adults seems warranted.
Assessment of Tabulated Premixed Conditional Moment Closure Model Using Direct Numerical Simulation

ABSTRACT The Conditional Moment Closure (CMC) is a proven methodology to model non-premixed flames, but an emerging technique for analyzing turbulent premixed flames. However, solving a full set of CMC equations is a time-consuming process. The Tabulated Premixed CMC (TPCMC) model is a modification of the premixed CMC model that seeks to reduce the time consumed in solving equations by making the premixed CMC model amenable to the tabulation of chemistry. TPCMC model considers the effect of small scale mixing of reactants and products using the scalar dissipation rate and effect of large scale turbulence on the flame using the beta probability density function. The validation of TPCMC model using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data has been attempted in this paper. DNS of growth of an ignition kernel in a turbulent medium was performed for this purpose. Two sets of simulations, namely 3D DNS with three-step reduced chemistry and 2D DNS with multi-step chemistry, have been carried out in this study using PENCIL code. The Favre averaging of this DNS data was performed on the surfaces of constant radius to assess the accuracy of TPCMC model. The variations in turbulence intensity and integral length scale were considered to generate DNS database. TPCMC model accurately predicted the variation of fuel mass fraction and temperature for all the cases considered in this study and captured the qualitative trends in the CO mass fraction where a negligible deviation from the actual values was observed. The influence of initial parameters related to turbulence considered in this study was negligible on the accuracy of predictions obtained from the model.
Determination of active compounds in raspberry leaf extracts and the effects of extract intake on mice

Raspberry is a multi-functional fruit, which is consumed worldwide for the health benefits of its bioactive natural products, such as anthocyanins and ellagitannins (Aprea et al., 2010). Notably, in Asia and Europe, raspberry leaves are a popular anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial remedy used in traditional medicine (Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, 2010; Patel et al., 2004). The total polyphenolic content (TPC) of Rubus fruticosus leaves and Rubus idaeus leaves, determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method, were ranked fourth and ninth, respectively, from 70 medicinal plant infusions, which corresponds to a high total antioxidant capacity (Katalinic et al., 2006). Rubus spp. leaves (15 raspberries and 6 blackberries) analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated that the species were a rich source of flavonoids, ellagic acid (EA), and tannins. Moreover, the content of EA in acid hydrolysis of the samples ranges from 2.06% to 6.89% (Gudej & Tomczyk, 2004). EA derivatives were the predominant compounds in the 26 blackberry leaves analyzed (Dszmianski et al., 2015). Quercetin, widely found in fruits and vegetables, is presently one of the most extensively studied dietary flavonols (an important polyphenol). The quercetin in raspberry leaves is mainly conjugated with glycosides to form quercetin-3-D-glucuronide (Q3G), and quercetin 3-D-rutinoside (rutin). The Q3G content is higher in raspberry leaf extract than in black currant, honeysuckle, bilberry, and strawberry leaf extracts and constitutes 7.5% by weight of powder (Dszmiański et al., 2011). Further comparative studies of quercetin and Q3G showed that they are equally effective in ameliorating endothelial insulin resistance through inhibition of reactive oxygen species-associated inflammation in vitro (Guo et al., 2013). Although the maximum plasma concentration of quercetin and Q3G for oral administration in rats were 0.75 h and 5 h, respectively, and the content of the latter in plasma was 18-fold that of the former, Q3G is a major active component in plasma and tissue (Yang et al., 2016). Therefore, raspberry leaves are also recommended as an alternative source of plant polyphenols.
Anesthesia for Functional Neurosurgery

Functional neurosurgery is an umbrella term that refers to surgical procedures for the treatment of a variety of pathologies from movement disorders to intractable epilepsy. A common feature of these procedures is the use of structural and functional brain mapping to target discrete areas of the brain for intervention. Brain mapping procedures performed before functional neurosurgery determines feasibility and aids in surgical planning. Intraoperative brain mapping procedures localize structures, delineate pathology, define areas of the brain critical for specific functions, maximize the potential benefit of the procedure, and minimize the risk of disabling neurologic deficit. Brain maps are constructed from information about a spectrum of parameters that are potentially altered by anesthetics including cerebral blood flow, brain electrical activity, brain metabolism, elicited responses, and task performance. Anesthesia considerations for functional neurosurgery are largely dependent on the effect of anesthesia on these brain mapping techniques. This presentation will focus on a single functional neurosurgical procedure–epilepsy surgery–as an illustration of this relationship.
Convenient Synthesis of WS2–MoS2 Heterostructures with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance

A series of WS2–MoS2 composites with different phase ratios have been successfully constructed. First, WS2 with hexagonal phase structure has been achieved by directly annealing a mixture of commercial W and S powders in an Ar atmosphere. Then the hydrothermal method is utilized to realize the epitaxial growth of MoS2 onto the surface of WS2. The dual-petal nanostructure of WS2–MoS2 composites has been revealed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The measurement of the optoelectronic property illustrates that WS2–MoS2 heterostructures can present more active sites and a higher effective separation of carriers than can bare WS2 and MoS2. Specifically speaking, 4WS2–96MoS2 can cause the complete degradation of methylene blue within 150 min, and the difference value of the photocurrent can reach a value of 26 μA, which obviously outperforms that of bare MoS2 and WS2. These aforementioned improved performances are closely related to this rationally designed structure for WS2–.