Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Development of a Brief Version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-3) in Older Adult Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

ABSTRACT Objective/Background: The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) is an insomnia self-report measure used to identify individuals at risk for insomnia disorder. Although the full ISI is only seven questions, a briefer version would allow more efficient and pragmatic administration in routine practice settings. Reliable and valid brief measures can support measurement-based care. The present study was a proof-of-concept study that developed a brief version of the ISI, the ISI-3, in a sample of older adult veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a group which is at increased risk for insomnia. Patients/Methods: Participants included 86 older veterans with combat- or military-related PTSD. Veterans completed a clinician-administered PTSD diagnostic interview, self-report measures of insomnia and other psychosocial questionnaires, and two neuropsychological assessments. The factor structure of the ISI was examined to reduce the measure into a brief version. The reliability and validity of the ISI-3 were examined. Results: Principal axis factoring yielded a one-factor solution, which reproduced 59% of the item variance. Item reduction procedures resulted in three items, which best represented this factor (“Insomnia Impact;” ISI-3). For the ISI-3, internal consistency was good (α =.89). Convergent validity was demonstrated via moderate to high positive correlations between the ISI-3 and other measures of sleep disturbance. Divergent validity was demonstrated via non-significant correlations between the ISI-3 and unrelated measures and moderate correlations with self-reported depression. Conclusions: The ISI-3 is a psychometrically valid brief version of the ISI. Clinicians can administer the ISI-3 to screen for insomnia and monitor changes in insomnia during treatment.
Insig-dependent Ubiquitination and Degradation of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Stimulated by δ- and γ-Tocotrienols*

Sterol-regulated ubiquitination marks 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, a rate-determining enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation by 26 S proteasomes. This degradation, which results from sterol-induced binding of reductase to ER membrane proteins called Insigs, contributes to the complex, multivalent feedback regulation of the enzyme. Degradation of HMG-CoA reductase is also stimulated by various forms of vitamin E, a generic term for α-, β-, δ-, and γ-tocopherols and tocotrienols, which are primarily recognized for their potent antioxidant activity. Here, we show that δ-tocotrienol stimulates ubiquitination and degradation of reductase and blocks processing of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), another sterol-mediated action of Insigs. The γ-tocotrienol analog is more selective in enhancing reductase ubiquitination and degradation than blocking SREBP processing. Other forms of vitamin E neither accelerate reductase degradation nor block SREBP processing. In vitro assays indicate that γ- and δ-tocotrienol trigger reductase ubiquitination directly and do not require further metabolism for activity. Taken together, these results provide a biochemical mechanism for the hypocholesterolemic effects of vitamin E that have been observed in animals and humans.
Radiologic and pathologic characteristics of myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated interstitial lung disease: a retrospective analysis.

Background The association between interstitial lung disease (ILD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) has been described, but pathologic characteristics are not well characterized. Objectives We assessed the radiologic and pathologic characteristics of ILD in MPO-ANCA-positive patients and the association between ILD and vasculitis, particularly microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Methods We retrospectively searched electronic health records to identify MPO-ANCA-positive patients with ILD who underwent surgical lung biopsy at our institution from January 1997 through August 2017. Demographic, clinical, imaging, and pathologic characteristics were analyzed. Results We identified 18 MPO-ANCA-positive patients with ILD. The median (range) age was 58 (43-75) years, and the cohort included 10 men (56%), 10 former smokers (56%), and 11 patients (61%) had clinical evidence of systemic vasculitis (MPA) at the time of diagnosis of ILD. On high-resolution computed tomography, the most common radiologic pattern was "inconsistent with usual interstitial pneumonia" (UIP) (n=14 [78%]); the other 4 patients (22%) fulfilled the radiologic criteria for the UIP pattern. Honeycombing was seen in 15 patients (83%). Ten patients (56%) had the UIP pattern on biopsy: 4 of these patients had additional inflammatory changes that were not typical of UIP (as seen in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), and the other 6 patients had other inflammatory patterns or findings. The presence or absence of MPA did not correlate with pathologic findings. Conclusions MPO-ANCA-positive patients with ILD do not show the typical UIP pattern as seen in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis on surgical lung biopsy.
Kinetic Analysis of the Early Signaling Steps of the Human Chemokine Receptor CXCR4

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are biologic switches that transduce extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses in the cell. Temporally resolving GPCR transduction pathways is key to understanding how cell signaling occurs. Here, we investigate the kinetics and dynamics of the activation and early signaling steps of the CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 4 in response to its natural ligands CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 12 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), using Förster resonance energy transfer–based approaches. We show that CXCR4 presents a multifaceted response to CXCL12, with receptor activation (≈0.6 seconds) followed by a rearrangement in the receptor/G protein complex (≈1 seconds), a slower dimer rearrangement (≈1.7 seconds), and prolonged G protein activation (≈4 seconds). In comparison, MIF distinctly modulates every step of the transduction pathway, indicating distinct activation mechanisms and reflecting the different pharmacological properties of these two ligands. Our study also indicates that CXCR4 exhibits some degree of ligand-independent activity, a relevant feature for drug development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) 12/CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 4 axis represents a well-established therapeutic target for cancer treatment. We demonstrate that CXCR4 exhibits a multifaceted response that involves dynamic receptor dimer rearrangements and that is kinetically embedded between receptor–G protein complex rearrangements and G protein activation. The alternative endogenous ligand macrophage migration inhibitory factor behaves opposite to CXCL12 in each assay studied and does not lead to G protein activation. This detailed understanding of the receptor activation may aid in the development of more specific drugs against this target.
Chloroplast phylogeography of the East Asian Arcto‐Tertiary relict Tetracentron sinense (Trochodendraceae)

A phylogeographical study of the widespread but phylogenetically isolated East Asian endemic tree species Tetracentron sinense (Trochodendraceae) was performed to evaluate whether and how Pleistocene and pre‐Pleistocene climate changes helped to influence current phylogeographical patterns, and to describe the current patterns of genetic diversity and their implications for conservation.
Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Candidate Target Genes Involved in Glyphosate-Resistance Mechanism in Lolium multiflorum

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum; LOLMU) is one of the most troublesome weeds in temperate regions in the world. This weed species interfere with wheat, corn, rye, and oat, causing significant crop yield losses. This species has evolved glyphosate resistance, making it difficult to control. The mechanisms of glyphosate resistance are still unknown, and an understanding thereof will favor the development of new strategies of management. The present study is the first transcriptome study in LOLMU using glyphosate-resistant and -sensitive biotypes, aiming to identify and to provide a list of the candidate target genes related to glyphosate resistance mechanism. The transcriptome was assembled de novo, producing 87,433 contigs with an N50 of 740 bp and an average length of 575 bp. There were 92 and 54 up- and down-regulated genes, respectively, in the resistant biotype, while a total of 1683 were differentially expressed in the sensitive biotype in response to glyphosate treatment. We selected 14 highly induced genes and seven with repressed expression in the resistant biotype in response to glyphosate. Of these genes, a significant proportion were related to the plasma membrane, indicating that there is a barrier making it difficult for glyphosate to enter the cell.
Does undiagnosed diabetes mitigate the association between diabetes and cognitive impairment? Findings from the ELSI‐Brazil study

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with cognitive impairment. However, most of the evidence has been based on self‐reported T2DM, and undiagnosed diabetes has not been considered as a separate category. We aimed to examine the extent to which undiagnosed diabetes modifies the association between diabetes and cognitive impairment in a representative sample of Brazilian adults aged 50 years and older.
A Digital Library for Increasing Awareness About Living Donor Kidney Transplants: Formative Study

Background It is not common for people to come across a living kidney donor, let alone consider whether they would ever donate a kidney themselves while they are alive. Narrative storytelling, the sharing of first-person narratives based on lived experience, may be an important way to improve education about living donor kidney transplants (LDKTs). Developing ways to easily standardize and disseminate diverse living donor stories using digital technology could inspire more people to consider becoming living donors and reduce the kidney shortage nationally. Objective This paper aimed to describe the development of the Living Donation Storytelling Project, a web-based digital library of living donation narratives from multiple audiences using video capture technology. Specifically, we aimed to describe the theoretical foundation and development of the library, a protocol to capture diverse storytellers, the characteristics and experiences of participating storytellers, and the frequency with which any ethical concerns about the content being shared emerged. Methods This study invited kidney transplant recipients who had received LDKTs, living donors, family members, and patients seeking LDKTs to record personal stories using video capture technology by answering a series of guided prompts on their computer or smartphone and answering questions about their filming experience. The digital software automatically spliced responses to open-ended prompts, creating a seamless story available for uploading to a web-based library and posting to social media. Each story was reviewed by a transplant professional for the disclosure of protected health information (PHI), pressuring others to donate, and medical inaccuracies. Disclosures were edited. Results This study recruited diverse storytellers through social media, support groups, churches, and transplant programs. Of the 137 storytellers who completed the postsurvey, 105/137 (76.6%) were white and 99/137 (72.2%) were female. They spent 62.5 min, on average, recording their story, with a final median story length of 10 min (00:46 seconds to 32:16 min). A total of 94.8% (130/137) of storytellers were motivated by a desire to educate the public; 78.1% (107/137) were motivated to help more people become living donors; and 75.9% (104/137) were motivated to dispel myths. The ease of using the technology and telling their story varied, with the fear of being on film, emotional difficulty talking about their experiences, and some technological barriers being reported. PHI, most commonly surnames and transplant center names, was present in 62.9% (85/135) of stories and was edited out. Conclusions With appropriate sensitivity to ensure diverse recruitment, ethical review of content, and support for storytellers, web-based storytelling platforms may be a cost-effective and convenient way to further engage patients and increase the curiosity of the public in learning more about the possibility of becoming living donors.
Photosynthetic growth of tobacco cells in liquid suspension

Two clones of Nicotiana tabacum in liquid suspension culture were grown photosynthetically using air plus 2% CO2 as carbon source, and agitation. In general, the transfer from heterotrophic to autotrophic growth in these cells was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, an increase in the N, C, and H contents and in the N:C ratio, an increase in the photosynthetic oxygen evolution capacity, and a decrease in the respiratory rate. The limiting factors are discussed.Several clones were also grown photosynthetically on agar slants and the development of their photosynthetic pigments studied. Results showed that one cannot accurately predict the photosynthetic capability of tobacco cells from their appearance in heterotrophic culture conditions.
Root Osmotic Adjustment under Osmotic Stress in Maize Seedlings. 2. Mode of Accumulation of Several Solutes for Osmotic Adjustment in the Root

Abstract The changes in the accumulation of compatible solutes in the seminal root and leaves of maize were examined under four osmotic stress conditions to elucidate the expression pattern of osmotic adjustment. Maize seedlings were exposed to different intensities of osmotic stress for 1, 3, 5, 10, and 20 minutes, and 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours using polyethylene glycol 6000. Segments were obtained from the elongating zone of the root, elongated zone of the root and mature part of leaves. The concentrations of potassium ion and some amino acids under osmotic stress began to increase within 20 minutes after the onset of stress treatment in the root elongating zone. From hour 2, reducing sugars contributed mainly to the change of osmolarity. The amino acids that responded most quickly to the osmotic-stress treatment were Asp, Glu, Asn and Thr, which started to increase within 20 minutes, followed by Ser and Ala, which increased from hour 2 to 6, and Pro which increased from hour 12 to 24. Moreover, in the roots at hour 24, the proportion of potassium ion to total solutes decreased with the increase in the stress intensity. The proportion of amino acids to total solute in the root elongating zone was higher in the -0.13 MPa treatment group and that of the reducing sugars in the root elongated zone was higher in the -0.13 MPa and -0.41 MPa treatment groups than in the -0.08 and -0.89 MPa treatment groups. These results suggested that the kinds of solutes that contributed to osmotic adjustment differed depending on the duration and intensity of osmotic stress.
Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 inhibition prevents neurodegeneration and promotes α‐synuclein degradation via transcription factor EB‐dependent autophagy in mutant α‐synucleinA53T model of Parkinson's disease

Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a master regulator of diverse biological processes such as DNA repair, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. PARP1 can be activated by aggregated α‐synuclein, and this process in turn exacerbates toxicity of α‐synuclein. This circle is closely linked to the evolution of Parkinson's disease (PD) that characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and motor deficits. Here, we reported the PARP1, as a novel upstream molecular of transcription factor EB (TFEB), participates in regulation of autophagy in α‐synuclein aggregated cells and mice. PARP1 inhibition not only enhances the nuclear transcription of TFEB via SIRT1 mediated down‐regulation of mTOR signaling but also reduces nuclear export of TFEB by attenuating the TFEB‐CRM1 interaction. Our results revealed that PARP1 inhibition lessened the accumulation of α‐synuclein in PD models. Also, oral administration of PARP1 inhibitor Veliparib prevented neurodegeneration and improved motor ability in α‐synucleinA53T transgenic mice. These findings identify that PARP1 signaling pathway regulates TFEB‐mediated autophagy, pointing to potential therapeutic strategy of PD via enhancing protein degradation systems.
Periprocedural to 1-year safety and efficacy outcomes with the Pipeline Embolization Device with Shield technology for intracranial aneurysms: a prospective, post-market, multi-center study

Background The first and second generations of the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) have been widely adopted for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) due to their high associated occlusion rates and low morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the third- generation Pipeline Shield device (PED-Shield) for the treatment of IAs. Methods The SHIELD study was a prospective, single-arm, multicenter, post-market, observational study evaluating the PED-Shield device for the treatment of IAs. The primary efficacy endpoint was complete aneurysm occlusion without significant parent artery stenosis or retreatment at 1-year post-procedure and the primary safety endpoint was major stroke in the territory supplied by the treated artery or neurological death. Results Of 205 subjects who consented across 21 sites, 204 subjects with 204 target aneurysms were ultimately treated (mean age 54.8±12.81 years, 81.4% [166/204] female). Technical success (ie, deployment of the PED-Shield) was achieved in 98.0% (200/204) of subjects with a mean number of 1.1±0.34 devices per subject and a single device used in 86.8% (177/204) of subjects. The primary effectiveness endpoint was met in 71.7% (143/200) of subjects while the primary safety endpoint occurred in six (2.9%) subjects, two (1.0%) of which led to neurological death. Conclusions The findings of the SHIELD study support the safety and effectiveness of the PED-Shield for IA treatment, evidenced by high occlusion rates and low rates of neurological complications in the study population. Clinical trial registration-URL http://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT02719522.
Increased masked hypertension prevalence in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

ABSTRACT Objective Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder with important clinical consequences. Many studies have proven that hypertension is one of the most important comorbid disorders in PCOS. Masked hypertension is deﬁned as a presence of normal ofﬁce blood pressure together with abnormal results in 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). The prevalence of this condition in patients with PCOS is not well deﬁned. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of masked hypertension in PCOS compared to control subjects. Methods Sixty patients with PCOS and 60 control subjects were enrolled in the study. All patients with PCOS and controls without a history of hypertension underwent physical examination including ofﬁce blood pressure measurement, ABPM, and measurement of laboratory and anthropometric parameters. Results Mean age was 30.5 ± 6.6 in control group and 26.4 ± 7.1 year in patients with PCOS (p = .001). Twenty-four patients (40%) had masked hypertension in PCOS group whereas 11 patients (18.3%) in the control group (p = .009). Twenty-four-hour diastolic blood pressure (p = .03), daytime systolic (p < .001), and daytime diastolic blood pressure (p = .01) and nighttime systolic blood pressure (p = .01) were signiﬁcantly higher in patients with PCOS compared with control group. Conclusions This study demonstrates increased masked hypertension prevalence in patients with PCOS. We suggest that all patients with PCOS should undergo ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for detecting masked hypertension.
On the Gross Anatomy of Campeloma

THE collection of a large number of specimens of ca-mpeloma subsolidum Anthony, in the Des Moines river, Iowa, in early August, presented opportunities to somewhat carefully study the coarser anatomy of the genus as exhibited in this species. The results of this study are herein given, It may be noted, as introductory, that an unexpected closeness of structure to that of the foreign genus Pabtdina was developed, and, further, that the general diagnosis given by Dr. Stimpson'I will need some slight emendation, particularly in respect to certain external characters, and in. respect to the lingual teeth and the branchial laminge. External Characters. -In the living and recently dead animal the color of the foot-mass is light lead or bluish white. Viewed from above, the cervical lappets, foot, operculigerous lobe, tentacles and proboscis are further enlivened by irregularly scattered bright orange-yellow dots. These dots are, on the tentacles and proboscis, arranged in somewhat regular transverse rows, giving a barred appearance to each. These last-named organs are, moreover, marked by an abundant deposition of black pigment immediately under the cuticular membrane. The under surface of the foot, the crawling disk, shows, in living specimens, the large longitudinal pedal muscles. When these muscles contract, in the act of withdrawal into the shell, the anterior margin of the disk is reflected upwards and backwards over the proboscis and tentacles. This reflected portion is, as a whole, then bent backwards and downwards to be finally covered by the posterior portion of the foot, the upper surface of which carries the operculum. The whole mass is then withdrawn iiito the shell. During the period of reproduction, when the organs devoted to that function are in a condition of marked activity and distension, the animal, especially of the female, cannot be wholly retracted. In this respect it resembles most of our large HIelices. Sexual Features. -The sexes are readily distinguished, in life, by means of the right tentacle, which, in the male, is very much larger than its fellow and rather more curved outwards (Plate VII. , Fig. 2,
PLANT SPACING EFFECTS ON LIGHT INTERCEPTION BY GREENHOUSE TOMATOES

The effect of six equidistant spacings (23, 30, 38, 45, 53, 60 cm) on interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by four-row plantings of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Jumbo’ and ’CR-6’) was studied. A silicon cell sensor was used to measure PAR in and around the test plant canopies. These observations were used to construct canopy profiles of PAR absorption, as affected by plant spacing and cultivar. Measurements under both clear and overcast skies revealed no major differences in the pattern of PAR interception within a canopy due to the presence or absence of direct light over the sampling period. The proportion of available PAR intercepted increased with closer plant spacing, but PAR penetration increased and distribution improved with increasing plant spacing. An increasing degree of self-shading of the central and north parts of the canopies was evident with closer planting. Plant spacing also had a large effect on the quality of canopy transmitted light. The ratio.