Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The bayesian model of Covid-19 case fatality rate proportion on provinces in Indonesia

The Covid-19 pandemic has spread to all parts of Indonesia with different case fatality rates (CFR) between regions. The estimating parameter of the proportion of people who die compared to the number of people who test positive for coronavirus (parameter of CFR) can be determined using the Bayesian method approach. The estimation parameter of CFR is performed by using prior beta distribution, and the results have good performance with a high degree of accuracy. The choice of Bayesian model that can be built is a fixed effect model where the proportion of case deaths in each province is assumed to be mutually independent. Still, the movement of people between regions continues to occur so that a random effect model is more rational to be applied where the proportion of case deaths for each province is assumed to be the same as estimating parameter of CFR which is smaller than the current condition of Indonesia. The estimation parameter results of the CFR parameters are expected to be achieved by the Indonesian government by implementing Covid-19 controls system for each province as a mitigation diseases strategy.
In vitro biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity of chitin monomer obtain from hollow fiber membrane

Abstract This study for the first time shows the effective utilization and production of chitin monomers at laboratory level, with immense potential for its biomedical application. Low molecular weight (LMW) N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is prepared by depolymerization of chitin using chemical method coupled with a physical separation method. A novel filtration strategy exploiting polysulfone hollow fiber membrane is used for the preparation of GlcNAc particles with 94% yield within 8.5 ± 0.5 h. This high efficiency is analyzed using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The GlcNAc obtained was further analyzed using dynamic light scattering, first derivative Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The antimicrobial properties of GlcNAc, chitin, and GlcNAc/chitin mixture were investigated using minimal inhibitory concentration against S. aureus and E. coli. Bacteriostatic property was exhibited by high molecular weight chitin, while GlcNAc and GlcNAc/chitin mixture (LMW) demonstrated bactericidal activity. Blood biocompatibility below 0.25 g/ml and cytocompatibility with NIH3T3 fibroblast cells and the proliferative efficacy suggested its utilization and suitability of these particles in biological applications.
Spent Coffee Ground as Low-Cost Adsorbent for Congo Red Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution

This study represents the utilisation of spent coffee ground to remove Congo red dye from aqueous solution. Congo red dye may cause adverse effect towards human and aquatic organism if present in water. This study investigated three parameters, adsorbent dosage (0.5, 1.25 and 2 g), initial dye concentration (10, 30 and 50 mg/L) and contact time (10, 35 and 60 min). Batch adsorption studies were carried out to study the effect of these parameters towards percentage of Congo red removal. Optimisation study was conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by employing Central Composite Design (CCD). Quadratic model was selected for the response. The highest percentage of Congo red removal obtained was 88.43% with operating conditions of 2 g adsorbent dosage, 50 mg/L initial dye concentration and 60 minutes contact time. Meanwhile, the percentage of CR removal that predicted by RSM was 89.17% with conditions of 1.87 g adsorbent dosage, 48.18 mg/L initial dye concentration and 57.96 minutes contact time with the desirability of 1. This study indicates that spent coffee ground could be employed as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of Congo red dye.
The implementation of rice’s Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) in Panarukan-Situbondo

The level of dependence of farmers on chemical fertilizers and pesticides on rice plants can lead to soil nutrient degradation and pest resistance. Also, excessive use of chemicals in rice can leave a residue in the production of rice, thus affecting the food security of rice as a staple food of Indonesian society. Related to this, the government has begun to promote programs related to food safety, one of which is good cultivation techniques or often known as Good Agriculture Practices (GAP). The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of GAP for rice in Panarukan-Situbondo. Determination of respondents using a simple random sampling method as many as 60 respondents from two villages, Peleyan and Sumberkolak. While the analysis uses descriptive analysis with a questionnaire assisted. The results showed that the level of implementation of rice’s GAP was at a medium level (66.65%). The highest GAP aspects are in the aspect of nursery and planting, and the two lowest aspects are conservation and soil cultivation, as well as integrated pest and disease protection aspects.
New record of fresh water ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from Tigris river in Baghdad city, Iraq

Documenting the biodiversity and biogeography of ciliates will help expand the overall knowledge within the field, as well as, shed new light on the dispersal and survival potential for other microorganisms, such as protists. As organisms at the base of food webs, ciliates are an essential part of the microbial loop and the ecosystems that they support. This study deals with ciliates community in freshwater of Tigris river within Baghdad city. Four sites were chosen at Al-Grea`t & Al-Adhamiya area at the riverbank. Total of 44 ciliophora taxa were detected, 22 taxa of which were identified to the species level and 22 taxa to the genus level. Among them, 11 taxa were new recording for Tigris river in Baghdad city: Cyrtolophosis sp. , Monochilum frontatum, Orborhabdostyla bromelicola, Ophrydium sessile, Scyphidia sp. , Vortecilla convallaria, Vortecilla octava, Zoothamnium Bory, Tokophrya lemnarum, Urostyla sp. and Stentor fluiginosus.
Technology acceptance and service convenience on repeat purchase decision of food delivery business in Thailand

The purpose of this research is to explore the impact of technology acceptance and service convenience on the repeat purchase decisions of the food delivery business, Data were collected from consumers 400 using food ordering services through mobile application in Thailand. Questionnaires was used as data collecting tool. Descriptive Statistic, Multiple Correlation Analysis and multiple regression analysis were applied to analyst data. The results show that consumers who use food delivery service via mobile application express strong perception on technology acceptance includes benefits of use, ease of use and intention to use. Moreover, there are strong perception on service convenience includes access continence, transaction convenience, and post-purchase convenience. Technology acceptance in the aspect of perceived benefits of use, ease of use, and the intention of use have positive impact and are related to repeat purchase decisions. Service convenience variables, include access convenience, transaction convenience, and after the purchase convenience also hold positive and strong relation toward repeat purchase decision. It is therefore essential for food deliverty business to develop their applications that maximize the ease of use, transaction convenience, and access convenience which will optimize customer satisfaction and enhance repeat purchase decision.
Split-windows algorithm (swa) methods using fractional vegetation cover (fvc) on landsat 8 oli/tirs

Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS has the ability to generate Land Surface Temperature (LST) with band 10 (10,60 - 11,19 µm) and 11 (11,50 - 12,51 µm). That condition has led to the development of methods for Landsat 8 in LST processing. The SWA has various methods of extracting LST, one using FVC. This research aims to establish the level of accuracy of using FVC methods on SWA methods to ground temperature. LST method is a combination of NDVI and water vapor derived from MODIS Terra. SWA-FVC processing shows a difference between data processing with field conditions. A difference indicated is 2°K (two-degree Kelvin) for urban areas with checks is the road and rooftop. Furthermore, 1°K (one degree Kelvin) for vegetation with middle covered until the high cover of the canopy. SWA-FVC methods have a focus on vegetation index with a similar value of emissivity and can’t to reflect the actual condition of various land-use in the field. LST extraction with SWA-FVC methods proved vegetation index can’t optimum to using for emissivity values for detection LST in the field.
Energy Deposition by Cosmic Rays in the Molecular Cloud Using GEANT4 Code and Voyager I Data

Molecular clouds (MCs) are exposed to Galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays (CR) that trigger several physical and physicochemical changes, including gas and grain heating and molecular destruction and formation. Here we present a theoretical model describing the energy delivered by CRs, composed of protons, alphas, and electrons taken from Voyager I measurements, into a typical MC with 5400 M ☉ (composed mainly of H with a density law of r −1.2) and size around 1 × 106 au. The calculation was performed employing the Monte Carlo toolkit GEANT4 to obtain the energy deposition per mass from several types of secondary particles (considering nuclear and hadron physics). The results indicate that incoming protons contribute to most of the energy delivered in the MC in all regions (maximum ∼230 MeV g−1 s−1 at outer regions of the cloud). Secondary electrons are the second most important component for energy deposition in almost all layers of the MC and can deliver an energy rate of ∼130 MeV g−1 s−1 in the outer region of the MC. Other cascade particles have their major energy delivery in the central and denser core of the MC. From a temperature model (considering CR data from Voyager I), we observed (i) a small bump in temperature at the distance of 3 × 103–2 × 104 au from the center, (ii) a rapid temperature decrease (roughly 7 K) between the outer layer and the second most outer layer, and (iii) that, at a distance of 5 × 104 au (Av > 10), the gas temperature of the MC is below 15 K.
Seaweed-Associated Fungi from Sepanjang Beach, GunungKidul, Yogyakarta as Potential Source of Marine Polysaccharides-Degrading Enzymes

Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) and red algae (Rhodophyta) are a group of seaweed that scattered all over the ocean. In addition, previous studies have reported the biotechnological potential of its associated fungi. However, there are only a few studies related to the extracellular enzyme of seaweed-associated fungi. The purposes of this research were to isolated brown algae and red algae associated fungi from Sepanjang Beach, GunungKidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and screen its enzyme production. Padina sp. , Asparagopsis sp. , and Chondrophycussp. were collected from Sepanjang Beach, GunungKidul, Yogyakarta. Swab tap method on PDA medium and STD medium was conducted to isolate seaweed-associated fungi, while starch agar medium, agar medium, alginate agar medium, and carrageenan agar medium, was utilized to screen the enzyme activity with addition of povidone-iodine 10% reagent. The presence of clear zone around the colony indicated enzyme.
Endocytosis rate increase provoked by bipolar asymmetric electric pulses

It has been reported that electric and electromagnetic pulses can increase the endocytotic rate, showing either an all-or-nothing response above a threshold of the field strength or linear responses as a function of the field strength and the treatment duration – using bipolar symmetrical pulses and monopolar pulses, respectively. We have investigated the reasons of such a discrepancy. To this end, cells were suspended in either low conductive or physiologically conductive medium, and exposed to bipolar asymmetric electric pulses (EPs) for different exposure times (2 to 20 min). These EPs had low amplitude (5.7 to 18 V/cm) with a duration varying from 100 to 500 µs and a frequency of 100 to 500 Hz. The effects of these parameters on cell viability and field-induced uptake of molecules were analyzed by spectrofluorometric measurements using either the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow (LY) or BSA-FITC. The former acted as an indicator molecule for the fluid-phase endocytosis and the latter for detecting receptor-mediated endocytosis. An increase of 1.3 to 1.5-fold in the fluid-phase and receptor-mediated endocytosis rate was observed using the physiologically conductive medium (10 mS/cm). This increase was an all-or-nothing type of response that occurred above a threshold value of the electric field intensity (between 9.3 and 9.8 V/cm). Variations of the repetition frequency or pulse duration did not modify this threshold. The observed increase in either LY or BSA-FITC uptake was not a thermal effect. We examined electric pulses different from that previously published by other researchers to answer the question of which pulse type was more potent in enhancing endocytotic rate.
Product development of corn rice using value engineering method

National maize production is 19,612,435 tons. Corn has the main nutritional content in the form of starch (72-73%), simple sugar levels which include: glucose, fructose, and sucrose ranging from 1-3%, protein 8-11%. For health purposes, corn rice can be used as an alternative food to rice, because it contains a low glycemic index when compared to rice and potatoes. Considering many benefits of corn which has the potential as a functional food and to make it easier for people to enjoy functional foods made of corn, it is necessary to innovate instant corn rice products, especially for people with diabetics. The method used in this study is the value engineering method because this method is suitable for making a quality product using minimum costs. The stages in the value engineering method are the information, creative, analysis, development, and recommendation stages. The purpose of this research is to find the best alternative for the development of instant corn rice. The results of this study indicate that there are four attributes in the development of instant Madura corn rice, i.e price (0.286), texture (0.263), packaging (0.253), and net (0.196) which results in 90 alternative designs. Alternative one is the best alternative with a value of 1,093. Where the best alternative is instant corn rice that consumers want is instant corn rice with slightly coarse texture (30 mesh), using plastic packaging, net of 300 grams, and the price is IDR 7000-IDR 8000.
Using Wheat and Barely Legs for Manufacturing Multi-Applications Composite Material

This research focuses on recycling agriculture waste to produce a composite material that could be utilized for different purposes. The current work is interested to study the role of the interface and the mechanism to enhance the bonding between this type of fibers with resin. This paper introduces an idea to perform chemical treatment with (Ethanol, HCl, NaCl, NaOH) solutions on the fibers to improve the adhesion. The natural fibers named (wheat and barley legs) were used as a reinforcing phase within the polyester resin as a matrix phase to prepare the composite material. The composite material was prepared by hand lay-up method with weight fraction (40%) of natural fibers. Mechanical tests of these composite such as impact, flexural strength, compression tests were carried out. It is found that the treating of these fibers with ethanol gives positive results and enhances the adhesion of the interface between the fibers and the matrix of the composite which leading to an increase in the strength of composite under effect the applied force.
Effects of insect frass and distiller’s grains on physicochemical properties of saline alkali soil

In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of black soldier fly feces and distiller’s grains on the physicochemical properties of moderate saline alkali soil. Results showed that the application of insect feces and distiller’s grains significantly increased the contents of nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter in the soil, and reduced soil pH. After the treatment of 2% insect feces mixed with 2% distillates, the available nitrogen content of saline alkali soil was the highest, which was 95.74% higher than that of the control. It can be seen that the combination of 2% insect feces and 2% distiller’s grains was best suited to improve the saline alkali soil properties under the condition of this experiment.
Effect of ensiling duration on nutritional composition and oxalate content in dwarf Napier grass silage

Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) is a common forage plant that is usually given to ruminant animals. Besides moderate nutritive values, this grass also contains anti-nutrients such as oxalate. Dietary soluble oxalate can combine with blood calcium (Ca) or magnesium (Mg) and form insoluble crystals, which can give negative effects on animal health. This study was conducted to assess the effects of ensiling durations on fermentation characteristics, nutritional composition and oxalate content of dwarf Napier grass silage. Plants were cultivated under standard level of fertiliser application, harvested at 45 days of plant maturity, and then chopped into 2-3 cm manually. Chopped grasses were mixed with 5% molasses (w/w), and filled in plastic bags, compressed and kept it in air-tight conditions in room temperature at five different ensiling durations (0, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days). Three replicates were made for each of the treatment durations. The fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and oxalate content, were evaluated. Silage at 30 day fermentation showed the highest lactic acid (10.02%) and NH3-N (1.79%) contents, while silage at 90 d fermentation showed the lowest lactic acid (3.47%) and NH3-N (1.50%) contents. The initial pH value (pH 5.01) and dry matter content (22.8%) declined to pH 4.36 and 20.2% at the end of 90 d ensiling period. Ensiling significantly improved the crude protein, ether extract and ash contents of Napier grass silage. The soluble, insoluble and total oxalate contents in silage decreased as ensiling durations increased. Ensiling also significantly improved the sodium contents of Napier grass silage, while no consistent trend was observed on Ca, Mg and potassium contents. The results suggest that at least 30 days of ensiling duration can be recommended for Napier grass silage to get the optimum nutrients and oxalate content.
Yellowfin Tuna Fishing Dynamic During Low IOD Positive and Negative at Eastern Indian Ocean; Study Case at Western Waters of Sumatera

Effect of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) was highly significant on term of environments parameter variabilities at the Indian Ocean. Variation in the abundance and distribution of yellowfin tuna have been well known associated with environment parameters that drive by large-scale climatic indices such us Indian Ocean Dipole. To better understanding on yellowfin tuna fishing activities at the Western waters of Sumatera, we investigated hand line fishing catch during 2016 and 2017 as the IOD negative and positive events representation. Our result showed significant different fishing variabilities between year with negative and positive indices. Mean annual yellowfin tuna catch significantly higher during positive IOD both of abundance and weight, following by mean annual catch per unit effort (CPUE). During positive IOD hand line fishing trips were significantly lower compare than negative IOD. We also evaluated the geographic distribution of hand line fishing activities, we found that fishing activities cover significant wider area during positive IOD. In the opposite, during negative IOD yellowfin tuna fishing activities became centralized. This study gave us new perception on large-scale climatic events effect on yellowfin tuna fishing activities at a narrow study area.
Corrigendum: Surface termination and Schottky-barrier formation of In4Se3(001) (2020 Semicond. Sci. Technol. 35 065009)

The surface termination of In 4 Se 3 (001) and the interface of this layered trichalcogenide, with Au, was examined using x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Low energy electron diffraction indicates that the surface is highly crystalline, but suggests an absence of C 2v mirror plane symmetry. The surface termination of the In 4 Se 3 (001) is found, by angle-resolved x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, to be In, which is consistent with the observed Schottky barrier formation found with this n-type semiconductor. Transistor measurements confirm earlier results from photoemission, suggesting that In 4 Se 3 (001) is an n-type semiconductor, so that Schottky barrier formation with a large work function metal, such as Au, is expected. The measured low carrier mobilities could be the result of the contacts and would be consistent with Schottky barrier formation.
A first record of seven species of terrestrial isopoda-crustacea in central Iraq

This study is the first kind of it in Iraq. The samples were collected from April to Junuary 2018, we recorded seven species for the first time in Iraq (Procellio laevis, P. cingendus, Lacasius pallidus, Armadillidium album, A. assimile, Orthodillo chiltoni, Cylisticus convexus). These species belong to four famillies (Procellionidae, Armadillidae, Armadillidae, Cylistieidaeà). The samples were saved in the natural histroy museum in Baghdad-Iraq.
Underground heat mine – potential for large scale production and storage of thermal energy

We have studied possibilities to utilize the 1.4 km deep Pyhäsalmi mine as a source of geothermal energy. Measured thermal conductivities of the Precambrian (1.9 Ga) crystalline bedrock hosting the massive Cu-Zn sulphide deposit vary between 2.5 and 3.5 W/m·K, depending on the rock type, and the bedrock temperature increases with depth by 12–14 K/km. The design concept for heat utilization studied in this project is based on an underground borehole field exchanging heat between the bedrock and the water circulation loop, which then transfers thermal energy to the heat pumps. In the borehole heat exchanger (BHE) performance evaluations, we focused on a coaxial configuration, in which formation water circulates down in contact with borehole wall and returns inside a pipe. The borehole field modelled has a hemispherical geometry, so that all boreholes start from a central hall at the bottom of the mine (where the temperature is 21 °C) and would be directed radially outwards. Our reference case consists of 136 boreholes having length of 300 m, thus covering a rock volume of 57 million cubic meters. Simulations indicate that this BHE fields can sustain heating power of 1 MW for at least 44 years, but the average temperature of the borehole field would decrease by about 10 degrees. Thermal power can be increased substantially by increasing the borehole density, but the lifetime of the BHE field decreases.