Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organization and Evolution of Naphthalene Catabolic Pathways: Sequence of the DNA Encoding 2-Hydroxychromene-2-Carboxylate Isomerase and trans-o-Hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate Hydratase-Aldolase from the NAH7 Plasmidt

The sequence of a 2,437-bp DNA segment from the naphthalene upper catabolic pathway operon of plasmid NAH7 was determined. This segment contains three large open reading frames designated nahQ', nahE, and nahD. The first of these is the 3' end of an open reading frame that has no known function, the second (993 bp) encodes trans-o-hydroxybenzylidenepyruvate hydratase-aldolase (deduced molecular weight, 36,640), and the third (609 bp) encodes 2-hydroxychromene-2-carboxylate isomerase (deduced molecular weight, 23,031). This DNA has a high degree of sequence homology (greater than 91% for the first 2161 bp) with a DNA segment from the dox (dibenzothiophene oxidation) operon of Pseudomonas sp. strain C18, which encodes a pathway analogous to that encoded by NAH7. However, 84 bp downstream from nahD, the last gene in the nah operon, this homology ends. This 84-bp sequence at the downstream end of nah and dox homology has 76% homology to a sequence that occurs just upstream of the nah promoter in NAH7. These directly repeated 84-bp sequences thus encompass the upper-pathway nah operon and constitute the ends of a highly conserved region. The naphthalene catabolic pathway in Pseudomonas putida G7 can be divided into two parts, an upper pathway and a lower pathway. Enzymes of the upper pathway convert naph- thalene to salicylate,
Ethanol Level of Vitreous Fluid in Road Accident fatalities referred to Tehran Legal Medicine Center in 2018

: Background: High risk behaviors such as substance use are among the human factors that can play an important role in fatal road accidents and deaths. Objective: To determine the status of alcohol consumption based on vitreous ﬂuid exam in cadavers sent to Tehran Legal Medicine Organization. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive analytical cross-sectional study, all fatalities sent to the Tehran Legal Medicine Organization during 2018 were studied. A vitreous sample was used to measure the amount of alcohol. Results: Out of 676 cadavers (85% male; mean age 40.6 ± 6.45), the toxicology results for alcohol was positive in 6.51% (91% male; mean age 37.10 ± 15.7). There was a signiﬁcant difference between the two sexes (P < 0.00) and the educational level (P1< 0.00). Most fatal accidents occurred in positive toxicology cases between 10-12 pm and on Fridays followed by Thursdays. Conclusion: The policy of non-consumption of alcohol based on Islamic teachings in Iran has played an important role in signiﬁcantly reducing fatal accidents caused by alcohol.
OP-HEPR200099 1..12

systems: an assessment of the South African Department of Health Teurai Rwafa-Ponela*, Nicola Christofides, John Eyles, and Jane Goudge Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa and School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Market Competition or Family Ties: Which Prevails on CEOs Pay?

The paper analyzes the interplay of product market competition and governance on CEO compensation in Italian listed firms from 2000 to 2011 and tests the impact of the 2007-08 financial crisis on pay-performance sensitivity. Important differences both in the level of compensation and in its sensitivity to firm performance result from two conditioning factors: family control and type of competition. A novel aspect of the paper is that it measures competitive pressure along two dimensions: the intensity of import penetration, which accounts for price competition, and the intensity of R&D and advertising expenditures, which captures the oligopolistic nature of competition when products are vertically differentiated. Overall, the compensation of Italian CEOs is positively related to firm performance. Moreover, consistent with our predictions, sensitivity is higher in competitive sectors and the difference between family and non-family CEOs disappear when competition is tough. Family CEOs are paid significantly less than non-family CEOs and their pay is significantly related to firm performance. However, behind this sensitivity we find asymmetric responses to performance changes: while pay of non-family CEOs mainly responds to negative changes, pay of family CEOs is sensitive only to positive changes. Finally, the 2007 financial crisis reduces the difference between family and non-family CEO by decreasing the level of compensation of non-family CEOs and increasing its responsiveness to performance. Altogether, our results provide supporting evidence to the idea that market competition eventually prevails over family ties even in a family-controlled governance system such as in Italy.
The Role of the Ventral Hippocampal-Accumbens Shell Circuit in Cued Approach-Avoidance Decision Making

Approach-avoidance conflict resolution is a form of decision making that is critical for survival and requires the effective evaluation of stimuli with mixed outcomes. Recent evidence has implicated the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the regulation of approach-avoidance conflict resolution. This thesis aimed to extend this finding by investigating the functional connectivity between the vHPC and NAc shell in learned approach-avoidance decision making. To achieve this, rats were surgically injected with inhibitory DREADDs into the vCA1 and implanted with guide cannulae over the shell. Rats were trained to associate visual-tactile cues with three different outcomes: reward, shock or no outcome, in a Y-maze. Following successful learning, rodents underwent a test in which aversive and appetitive cues were superimposed to elicit approach-avoidance conflict. In the presence of this motivational conflict, chemogenic inhibition of the vCA1-NAc circuit resulted in an increased time spent decision making.
Perceptions and Attitudes towards Mules in a Group of Sodiers

Simple Summary: Working equids play an essential role in the livelihoods of millions of families around the world. The way people, especially their caretakers, perceive them affects attitudes towards them and consequently their welfare. This study aimed to understand the perceptions and attitudes of soldiers towards the mules they work with. For this, psychological constructs, such as empathy and pain perception, and discourse analysis were used. The results show that soldiers’ empathy towards animals is positively associated with their perception of pain and empathy towards humans. Soldiers prefer to work with mules over donkeys and horses, and perceive mules as intelligent and with the best aptitudes for pack work in the mountains, although they perceive them as aggressive. The text analysis shows that soldiers have a good understanding of mules’ nutritional, environmental and health needs but require a better understanding of their behavioral and emotional needs. Finally, they see mules as strong and noble animals, valuable to work under difﬁcult ﬁeld conditions and an essential component that supports army logistics in the mountain. Future selection and training strategies for soldiers should include behavior and welfare concepts to facilitate the soldier–mule relationship and improve mules’ welfare. Abstract: Mules are essential for pack work in mountainous areas, but there is a lack of research on this species. This study intends to assess the perceptions, attitudes, empathy and pain perception of soldiers about mules, to understand the type of human–mule relationship. For this, a survey was applied with closed-ended questions where the empathy and pain perception tools were included and later analyzed through correlations. Open-ended questions were analyzed through text mining. A total of 73 soldiers were surveyed. They had a wide range of ages and years of experience working with equids. Signiﬁcant positive correlations were found between human empathy, animal empathy and pain perception. Soldiers show a preference for working with mules over donkeys and horses. Text mining analysis shows three clusters associated with the mules’ nutritional, environmental and health needs. In the same line, relevant relations were found for the word “attention” with “load”, “food”, and “harness”. When asked what mules signify for them, two clusters were found, associated with mules’ working capacity and their role in the army. Relevant relations were found between the terms “mountain”, “support”, and “logistics”, and also between “intelligent” and “noble”. To secure mules’ behavioral and emotional needs, future training strategies should include behavior and welfare concepts.
Success Strategies for Small Financial Planning Firms

Small Business Administration statistics indicate that 20% of small businesses fail within the first 2 years and 50% fail within 5 years. The purpose of this case study was to explore the success factors and strategies of 12 small business owners of independent financial planning firms who achieved profitability beyond 5 years. The conceptual framework was entrepreneurship theory and Porter’s five forces model of competitive strategy. The data gathering method included semistructured interviews and analysis of business artifacts such as websites and newsletters. Initial coding of the responses preceded an analysis of recurring patterns and themes. The major themes identified were: technical training is necessary but not sufficient for success; planners need training in business creation, operations, and marketing; differentiation is important and is achieved by specialization. Developing internet websites proved to be the most effective approach to attract new clients. These results provide information to people considering starting or maintaining a small business, providers of professional education and training, and business leaders seeking to improve recruitment and retention of financial planning employee retention. Implications for positive social change include providing information to policymakers who seek to support small businesses to mitigate small business failure rates, expand job creation, and provide sources for financial guidance for American employees.
The ACE1 Electrical Impedance Tomography System for Thoracic Imaging

The design and performance of the active complex electrode (ACE1) electrical impedance tomography system for single-ended phasic voltage measurements are presented. The design of the hardware and calibration procedures allows for reconstruction of conductivity and permittivity images. Phase measurement is achieved with the ACE1 active electrode circuit which measures the amplitude and phase of the voltage and the applied current at the location at which current is injected into the body. An evaluation of the system performance under typical operating conditions includes details of demodulation and calibration and an in-depth look at insightful metrics, such as signal-to-noise ratio variations during a single current pattern. Static and dynamic images of conductivity and permittivity are presented from ACE1 data collected on tank phantoms and human subjects to illustrate the system’s utility.
Evaluation of Biofungicides in the Control against Powdery Mildew Disease [Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Arm.] in Pepper

In this study, Tea Tree Oil, (Timorex Gold), Orange Oil (Prev-Am), Reynoutria spp. extract (Regalia), Bacillus subtilis QST 713 (Serenade SC), Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei (Vitanal) and a reference product Fluopyram+Tebuconazole (Luna Experience) were applied to pepper plants to determine the efficacy against powdery mildew disease caused by Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Arm on pepper. The disease on plants was evaluated based on the 0-5 scale when the disease reached to 20% on untreated plots. Trials were established as a randomized plot design with four replications. The disease severity was assessed using Towsend-Heuberger’s formula and the percentage effect of the applications was calculated using the Abbott formula. The conducted experiments were revealed that the highest % efficacy values of the preparations against powdery mildew were obtained from Timorex Gold (80%), Prev-Am (45%), Regalia (44.7%), Serenade (26.3%) and Vitanal (26.2%), respectively. The efficacy of the reference product, Luna Experience, against powdery mildew in pepper was found 89%. It has been concluded that Timorex Gold preparation performed enough efficacy against Leveillula taurica, and can be safely used and offered against powdery mildew.
NEOPLEISTOCENE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE PONTO-CASPIAN CORRIDORS

1 Department of Physical and Marine Geology, 2, Shampansky Per,, Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Odessa 65058, Ukraine, valyan@onu.edu. ua Avalon Institute of Applied Science, 976 Elgin Ave, Winnipeg MB R3E 1B4, Canada, valyan@avalon-institute. org, irmot@avalon-institute. org 3 Faculty of Geography, 1, Leninskiye Gory, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia, didacna@mail.ru
Low Doses of PVP Activate Th Required for Production of PVP-specific lgG

Type 2 antigens such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 1 type III pneumococcal polysaccharide ($3), and dinitrophenyl (DNP)-ficoll characteristically elicit antibody responses in mice that consist almost entirely of antibodies of the IgM and IgG3 isotypes (1-4). Type 2 antigens also are generally unable to prime mice to produce I gG 1 and IgG2 antibodies after secondary challenge, i.e. they are unable to prime for IgG memory responses (2, 5-8). The inability of these antigens to prime mice for IgG memory responses is presumably due, at least in part, to the fact that type 2 antigens generally do not activate antigen-specific helper T cells (Th), which have been shown (5, 9-14) to be required for the differentiation of B cells to IgG-producing memory B cells. For example, previous studies from this laboratory (5, 6, 14) showed that the type 2 antigen $3 could prime for IgG memory responses only if $3 was coupled to a carrier, horse red blood cells (HRBC), which could activate Th. These activated Th were required for the differentiation of B cells to IgG-producing B memory cells. In subsequent studies using PVP as antigen, it was shown (15, 16) that very low doses (0.0025 #g) of this type 2 antigen could prime mice for IgG memory responses nearly as effectively as a thymus-dependent (TD) form of PVP: PVP coupled to HRBC. By contrast, higher doses of PVP could not induce IgG memory responses; these amounts of PVP actually interferred with the induction of memory cells by PVPHRBC (15). Consistent with the premise that activation of Th was required to prime B memory cells, it was further shown (15, 16) that the low dose of PVP activated Th, while higher doses did not. This study further examines the requirements for activation of Th by PVP. The results indicate that higher doses of PVP can activate PVP-specific Th, but that these Th can only be detected when suppressor T cells (Ts) are eliminated. Thus, very low doses of PVP preferentially activate Th, whereas higher doses of PVP activate both Th and Ts, and the activity of the latter cells predominate in whole T cell populations. The implications of these findings for induction of IgG responses to type 2 antigens will be discussed.
The compromising foraging of a clonal submerged plant in variable environments of substrate type and light condition: a simulation study

Aims Foraging behavior was concerned less in plants especially for clonal aquatic species. The goal of this study was to test the foraging behavior and the function of phenotypic plasticity of a clonal submerged plant, Potamogeton maackianus A. Benn in variable manipulative environments. Methods To explore the foraging behavior of a clonal submerged plant, clones of P. maackianus were cultivated in variable environments of different substrate types and light conditions. We measured biomass, specific root area (SRA), specific root length (SRL), branching angle of the ramet, chlorophyll content of apical leaves (CCAL), Fv/Fm (chlorophyll fluorescence parameter that indicates maximal photosystem II (PS II) efficiency) and biomass distribution in soil and light contrast treatments after harvest. the atypical non-clonal-like foraging behavior homogenized the performance of the stoloniferous clonal species, P. maackianus , in the measurement of biomass in our study. Substrate type had significant effects on most traits of P. maackianus , except on total biomass, shoot biomass distribution and CCAL. Patchy substrate mediated more root distribution into sand patch rather than into clay patch. Increase of SRA, SRL and Fv / Fm might be adaptive to substrate heterogeneity. Moreover, substrate heterogeneity induced ‘sidewalk’ stolon lineage on the edge of sand patch along the patch border. Light condition only had significant effects on branching angle, shoot biomass distribution and Fv / Fm . Shade led to more shoot assignment in light-rich zone than in light-poor zone. Potamogeton maackianus adjusted the branching angle of ramet rather than clonal exploitation in heterogeneous substrates with patchy shade. Moreover, shade led to higher Fv / Fm . A compromising foraging strategy promoted P. maackianus to escape unfavorable environments. Phenotypic plasticity, which maximized the performance of P. maackianus in the measurement of biomass in variable environments, may explain its domination in some shallow lakes of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.
Masked Speech Perception in Infants, Children and Adults

Objective— The primary goal of this study was to compare infants' susceptibility to making produced by a two-talker speech and a speech-shaped noise masker. It is well documented that school-age children experience more difficulty recognizing speech embedded in two-talker speech than spectrally matched noise, a result attributed to immaturity in the ability to segregate target from masker speech, and/or to selectively attend to the target while disregarding the perceptually similar speech masker. However, findings from infant psychophysical studies suggest that infants are susceptible to auditory masking even when target and competing sounds are acoustically distinct. single-interval two-talker masker. target Results— As observed previously for closed-set consonant and word identification as well as open-set word and sentence recognition, school-age children experienced relatively more masking than adults in the two-talker than the speech-shaped noise masker. The novel result of this study was that infants' speech detection thresholds were about 24 dB higher than those of adults in both maskers. While response bias differed between listener groups, it did not differ reliably between maskers. It that speech perception a speech masker greater demands on a listener's ability to segregate and selectively attend to the target than a noise masker. This is based on results showing larger child/adult differences for speech perception in a speech masker composed of a small number of talkers than in spectrally matched noise. The infants equal masking for speech and maskers suggests that infants experience informational masking in both maskers and raises the possibility that the cues which make the steady noise a relatively ineffective masker for children are learned.
PII: S0306-4522(97)00394-1

–Long-term depression, depotentiation and long-term potentiation of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the CA1 field of the hippocampus were studied in slices from two-, 12-, 24and 36-week-old rats. Long-term potentiation was induced by stimulating afferent fibres for 1 s at 100 Hz. Long-term depression was induced either by stimulating the afferent pathways twice for 15 min at 1 Hz (protocol 1), giving in total 1800 pulses, or by stimulating the fibres at 5 min intervals twice at 1 Hz for 5 min followed by 5 min stimulation at 5 Hz (protocol 2), giving in total 2100 pulses. We found significant long-term depression in slices of all groups stimulated with protocol 1; however, the magnitude of long-term depression in slices from 24-and 36-week-old rats was significantly lower than that in slices from twoand 12-week old rats, although there was no such difference in the magnitude of long-term potentiation between slices. Stimulation protocol 2 induced long-term depression only in slices from twoand 12-week-old rats. Comparison of the dynamic range of transmission plasticity in slices from twoand 36-week-old rats, calculated as the difference between the nearly saturated long-term potentiation and nearly saturated depotentiation, revealed a significantly smaller dynamic range in slices from 36-week-old rats in comparison with slices from two-week-old animals. The decrease in the dynamic range in slices from 36-week-old rats was due to a diminished capacity to depotentiate the nearly saturated long-term potentiation and not due to a decreased long-term potentiation expression in these slices. In contrast to long-term depression, in which the slope of the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials consistently and significantly decreased below the baseline level, the nearly saturated depotentiation did not decrease below the original, pre-long potentiation baseline level. The results demonstrate that increasing age reduces expression of long-term depression and the dynamic range of transmission plasticity. 1998 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Audio Video Recognition (AVR) Algorithm Based Labeling Features for Human Computer Interaction

: In this paper proposed a Human computer Interaction based Audio video Recognition (AVR) algorithm designed to work in a realtime environment with multiple features classification approaches. Our work consist of a Color camera, Microphone and a depth sensor as input streams which is used to analyze the speech-related features approach consisting of Audio video Recognition (AVR) algorithm and Sound separation feature selection (SSS) modules. VSFS detects the features of face positioning history, eye gaze level and face annotation based face recognition. Currently, Audio video Recognition (AVR) based audio source separation has been shown to be a very strong algorithm in such scenarios, by dealing with the joint processing of two or more modalities of input data. The main idea is that by fusing multiple (audio and video) data streams it is possible to exploit the correlation among them in a way one modality compensates for the other’s flaws. Based on these benefits, we propose a technique that uses three different input streams for developing an noisy and noiseless AVR algorithm, that runs real-time with an average 11.48% Error rate (DER) for scenarios presenting background noise, interfering sound sources and up to three simultaneous speakers.