Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of classifiers using robust features for depression detection on Bahasa Malaysia speech

Early detection of depression allows rapid intervention and reduce the escalation of the disorder. Conventional method requires patient to seek diagnosis and treatment by visiting a trained clinician. Bio-sensors technology such as automatic depression detection using speech can be used to assist early diagnosis for detecting remotely those who are at risk. In this research, we focus on detecting depression using Bahasa Malaysia language using speech signals that are recorded remotely via subject’s personal mobile devices. Speech recordings from a total of 43 depressed subjects and 47 healthy subjects were gathered via online platform with diagnosis validation according to the Malay beck depression inventory II (Malay BDI-II), patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and subject’s declaration of major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis by a trained clinician. Classifier models were compared using time-based and spectrum-based microphone independent feature set with hyperparameter tuning. Random forest performed best for male reading speech with 73% accuracy while support vector machine performed best on both male spontaneous speech and female reading speech with 74% and 73% accuracy, respectively. Automatic depression detection on Bahasa Malaysia language has shown to be promising using machine learning and microphone independent features but larger database is necessary for further validation and improving performance.
Learning and unlearning: Settler engagements in long-term Indigenous–settler alliances in Canada

Drawing on three cases of long-term Indigenous–settler alliances in Canada, this research investigates the roles and contributions of settlers towards decolonization. As a multidisciplinary team of Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars, our research goal has been to understand how such alliances endure and change over time, and how they negotiate power dynamics, tensions and changes, within a settler colonial context. Taking a comparative case study approach, and analysing interviews, sharing circles and archival documents, we focus here on the lessons that alliance participants have learned from their activist experiences about settler roles and responsibilities. The three cases include (1) The Right to Belong: Indigenous women’s organizing and the struggle to eliminate sex discrimination in the Indian Act; (2) Shoal Lake 40 First Nation’s Freedom Road campaign to end a century of state-imposed geographic isolation and to secure access to safe drinking water; and (3) the alliance-building and solidarity activism of Canadian ecumenical social justice coalitions now under the umbrella of KAIROS Canada. While none of these campaigns alone equates to decolonization in the sense of land return and Indigenous sovereignty, each has helped create the conditions, relationships and transformations in settler consciousness that may provide the ground for decolonization. Taken together, the three case studies illustrate the contingent environments in which alliances are forged and the ways in which settlers take up particular responsibilities based on Indigenous-defined goals.
Study on the nanoscale current of ZnO film by photoassisted peak force tunnel atomic force: A novel technique for UV detection

ZnO film‐based ultraviolet (UV) detector was fabricated by photoassisted peak force tunnel atomic force (PFTUNA) on fluorine tin oxide (FTO) substrate. The PFTUNA current in dark and in UV light was ~0.1 and 2.0 nA, respectively. The UV sensitivity (photocurrent/dark current) is more than 20. The response time and the recovery time are ~0.12 and 0.32 s, respectively. The UV sensing mechanism is that the holes will transport to the ZnO surface to capture the adsorbed oxygen ions to weaken the depletion layer under UV illumination. The PFTUNA current between the tip and the ZnO film is consistent with the Richardson–Schottky (RS) thermionic emission model.
Non-Equilibrium Effects on Hypersonic Turbulent Boundary Layers

Author(s): KIM, PILBUM | Advisor(s): Kim, J John; Zhong, Xiaolin | Abstract: Understanding non-equilibrium effects of hypersonic turbulent boundary layers is essential in order to build cost efficient and reliable hypersonic vehicles. It is well known that non-equilibrium effects on the boundary layers are notable, but our understanding of the effects are limited. The overall goal of this study is to improve the understanding of non-equilibrium effects on hypersonic turbulent boundary layers. A new code has been developed for direct numerical simulations of spatially developing hypersonic turbulent boundary layers over a flat plate with finite-rate reactions. A fifth-order hybrid weighted essentially non-oscillatory scheme with a low dissipation finite-difference scheme is utilized in order to capture stiff gradients while resolving small motions in turbulent boundary layers. The code has been validated by qualitative and quantitative comparisons of two different simulations of a non-equilibrium flow and a spatially developing turbulent boundary layer.With the validated code, direct numerical simulations of four different hypersonic turbulent boundary layers, perfect gas and non-equilibrium flows of pure oxygen and nitrogen, have been performed. In order to rule out uncertainties in comparisons, the same inlet conditions are imposed for each species, and then mean and turbulence statistics as well as near-wall turbulence structures are compared at a downstream location. Based on those comparisons, it is shown that there is no direct energy exchanges between internal and turbulent kinetic energies due to thermal and chemical non-equilibrium processes in the flow field. Instead, these non-equilibria affect turbulent boundary layers by changing the temperature without changing the main characteristics of near-wall turbulence structures. This change in the temperature induces the changes in the density and viscosity and the mean flow fields are then adjusted to satisfy the conservation laws. The perturbation fields are modified according to the adjusted mean field and the conservation laws. From this, it can be concluded that Morkovin’s hypothesis is still valid with thermal and chemical non-equilibrium, and the effects of non-equilibrium can be compensated by taking the variations of mean density and viscosity into account. In the present study, it is shown that a semi-local scale is a proper scale that can account for the non-equilibrium effects.
A Total Cost of Ownership Model for Low Temperature PEM Fuel Cells in Combined Heat and Power and Backup Power Applications

A total cost of ownership model is described for low temperature proton exchange membrane stationary fuel cell systems for combined heat and power (CHP) applications from 1-250kW and backup power applications from 1-50kW. System designs and functional specifications for these two applications were developed across the range of system power levels. Bottom-up cost estimates were made for balance of plant costs, and detailed direct cost estimates for key fuel cell stack components were derived using design-for-manufacturing-and-assembly techniques. The development of high throughput, automated processes achieving high yield are projected to reduce the cost for fuel cell stacks to the $300/kW level at an annual production volume of 100 MW. Several promising combinations of building types and geographical location in the U.S. were identified for installation of fuel cell CHP systems based on the LBNL modelling tool DER CAM. Life-cycle modelling and externality assessment were done for hotels and hospitals. Reduced electricity demand charges, heating credits and carbon credits can reduce the effective cost of electricity ($/kWhe) by 26-44percent in locations such as Minneapolis, where high carbon intensity electricity from the grid is displaces by a fuel cell system operating on reformate fuel. This project extends the scope of existing costmore » studies to include externalities and ancillary financial benefits and thus provides a more comprehensive picture of fuel cell system benefits, consistent with a policy and incentive environment that increasingly values these ancillary benefits. The project provides a critical, new modelling capacity and should aid a broad range of policy makers in assessing the integrated costs and benefits of fuel cell systems versus other distributed generation technologies. « less
Assessment of chilly sensation in Japanese women with lasor Doppler fluxmetry and acceleration plethysmogram with respect to peripheral circulation

To investigate the relationship between peripheral blood flow and chilly sensation in women. Peripheral blood flow was measured by laser Doppler fluxmetry and acceleration plethysmography in 1,624 women. Of these, 458 women who visited the outpatient menopausal and endocrine clinic and gave informed consent to blood flow measurement (284 women for whom chilly sensation was one of the chief complaints and 174 women free of chilly sensation) underwent laser Doppler fluxmetry (TBF-LN1, Unique Medical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) to measure tissue blood flow in the middle finger and the third toe. The same women then received acceleration plethysmography (CP3166, Fukuda Denshi Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) to measure blood flow in the index finger. Chilly sensation was complained by 52.0% of all patients (1,624/3,124). The blood flow as measured by laser Doppler fluxmetry and fingertip acceleration plethysmography reflected the chilly sensation well. The blood flow by laser Doppler fluxmetry and the fingertip acceleration plethysmogram index (APG-I) showed significantly lower and higher data, respectively, in the women with chilly sensation than in women free of the chilly sensation. The chilly sensation is partially attributable to reduced skin blood flow at the periphery of the extremities and the hardness of the vascular wall in these areas. Measurement of the peripheral tissue blood flow in patients complaining of chilly sensation seems to be clinically significant as a means of evaluating this sensation.
Idealized Simulations of the Tropical Climate and Variability in the Single Column Atmosphere Model (SCAM): Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium

To explore the interactions among column processes in the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), the single‐column version of CAM (SCAM) is integrated for 1000 days in radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE) with tropical values of boundary conditions, spanning a parameter or configuration space of model physics versions (v5 vs. v6), vertical resolution (standard and 60 levels), sea surface temperature (SST), and some interpretation‐driven experiments. The simulated time‐mean climate is reasonable, near observations and RCE of a cyclic cloud‐resolving model. Updraft detrainment in the deep convection scheme produces distinctive grid‐scale structures in humidity and cloud, which also interact with radiative transfer processes. These grid artifacts average out in multi‐column RCE results reported elsewhere, illustrating the nuts‐and‐bolts interpretability that SCAM adds to the hierarchy of model configurations. Multi‐day oscillations of precipitation arise from descent of warm convection‐capping layers starting near the tropopause, eventually reset by a burst of convective deepening. Experiments reveal how these oscillations depend critically on an internal parameter that controls the number of neutral buoyancy levels allowed for determining cloud top and computing dilute convective available potential energy in the deep convection scheme, and merely modified a little by disabling cloud‐base radiation (heating of cloud base). This strong dependence of transient behavior in 1D on this parameter will be tested in the second part of this work, in which SCAM is coupled to a parameterized dynamics of two‐dimensional, linearized gravity wave, and in the 3D simulations in future study.
Effect of add-on L-arginine on blood pressure in hypertensive patients on antihypertensive treatment

Background: The prevalence of hypertension is rapidly increasing among both rural and urban populations and is a matter of concern in India. L-Arginine serves as a principle substrate for nitric oxide production which is a potent vasodilator. Aims and Objectives: This study was designed to determine the effects of oral L-arginine on blood pressure in hypertensive patients on antihypertensive drugs. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial, registration in Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) Registration number: CTRI/2019/03/018026. All patients with hypertension visiting the medicine outpatient department of Dr. Vitthalrao Vikhe Patil Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni, were included in the study. Study participants were randomized into intervention group (I group) and control group (C group). The I group includes 74 participants and the C group includes 75 participants. The I group received antihypertensive therapy along with add-on L-arginine oral supplementation for 14 days. The C group received only standard antihypertensive therapy and had followed up similar to that of the participants of the I group. Results: The baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the I group and C group was statistically non-significant as analyzed by unpaired t-test, whereas in the I group, there was a significant decrease in SBP and DBP on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd follow-up visits compared to the C group (Friedman test). Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that add-on L-arginine supplementation at a dose of 3 g/d (L-arginine 5 g sachet) for 2 weeks in patients of hypertension resulted in significant decrease in the SBP and DBP.
Design and epitaxial growth of vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) emitting at ultraviolet wavelength

One of the key advances in photonic technology in recent decades was the development of a new type of diode lasers emitting in the visible and infrared region. These vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) emerged from a laboratory curiosity in 1977 [13] to an object of industrial mass production [14] and are currently used in many applications. The applications include communication, printing, and absorption spectroscopy [15]. Their rise in credibility has largely been motivated by the rapid evolution of their performance, the more sweeping recognition of their compatibility with low-cost wafer-scale fabrication, and their possible formation into specific arrays with no change in the fabrication procedure. Various applications such as advanced chemical sensors and high-density optical storage require coherent and small-size ultraviolet-emitting devices (below 400nm). Therefore, to extend the VCSEL emission to the ultraviolet (UV) region, intensive efforts have been made in the VCSEL technology. However, the achievement of such UV VCSEL is very challenging because of the various limitations and issues. The issues noticeably include the carrier injection, optical confinement, and highly reflective distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) structures with a broad bandwidth operating in the UV region [16]. In this context, motivated by the reported large refractive index induced by boron incorporation [7], we propose to introduce the boron-based material systems (BAlGaN) as an innovative solution to address some of the encountered difficulties. The objective of the proposed research is to investigate and optimize new wide-bandgap BAlGaN material systems and illustrate their incorporation into the building blocks of vertical cavity surface-emitting laser structures for operation in the UV spectral range (<400nm). Toward this goal, we have focused our research activities in three main directions. The first direction is devoted to the simulation of DBRs reflectivity by taking into consideration the experimental refractive indexes. Once the materials needed in the different components of the VCSEL are well defined, the second direction lies in the achievement of growth conditions optimization and characterization of the new wide-bandgap BAlGaN material systems. The study has led to the structural and morphological quality improvement of (B,Al,Ga)N materials. Unique optical properties of the BGaN and BAlN materials were also demonstrated. Upon demonstrating the materials' promising optical characteristics, the final direction consists of the epitaxial growth and characterization of the highly reflective DBRs and active region of the UV VCSEL structure.
Opening the Schrödinger Box: Short- and Long-Range Mammalian Heart Rate Variability

Background The interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS), intrinsic systems (e.g., endocrine), and internal pacemaker mechanisms govern short (milliseconds–seconds)- and long (seconds–minutes)-range heart rate variability (HRV). However, there is a debate regarding the identity of the mechanism underlying HRV on each time scale. We aim to design a general method that accurately differentiates between the relative contribution of the ANS and pacemaker mechanisms to HRV in various mammals, without the need for drug perturbations or organ isolation. Additionally, we aim to explore the universality of the relative contribution of the ANS and pacemaker system of different mammals. Methods This work explored short- and long-range HRVs using published ECG data from dogs, rabbits, and mice. To isolate the effects of ANS on HRV, ECG segments recorded before and after ANS-blockade were compared. Results Differentiation of the ANS from extrinsic and intrinsic pacemaker mechanisms was successfully achieved. In dogs, the internal pacemaker mechanisms were the main contributors to long-range and the ANS to short-range HRV. In rabbits and mice, the ANS and the internal pacemaker mechanisms affected both time scales, and anesthesia changed the relative contribution of the pacemaker mechanism to short- and long-range HRVs. In mice, the extrinsic mechanisms affected long-range HRV, while their effect was negligible in rabbits. Conclusion We offer a novel approach to determine the relative contributions of ANS and extrinsic and intrinsic pacemaker mechanisms to HRV and highlight the importance of selecting mammalian research models with HRV mechanisms representative of the target species of interest.
Strength Design Equations for Frp-Strengthened Concrete Beams

Summary Externally-bonded fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) has been established as the technology of choice to strengthen reinforced concrete beams. Researchers and practicing engineers have recently developed design guidelines for FRP strengthening. However, the current state of the art flexural design procedure suggests an iterative process. No earlier efforts have been devoted to develop direct strength design equations on the failure modes of FRP rupture and delamination that can facilitate structural calculations. This study develops exact and approximate sets of closed form equations to design singly- and doubly-reinforced strengthened rectangular sections that fail by FRP rupture or cover delamination. Comparisons with reported experimental strength data indicate excellent agreement. A comprehensive parametric study, including flat and wrapped FRP sheets and laminates, has yielded a simple linear equation that has an almost perfect statistical correlation, and is equally applicable to analysis and design. The equation is found to be unique regardless of the height of the wrapped side of FRP flexural sheets.
Evaluation of twin resistance sources amongst advance generation derivatives in sorghum to shootfly, Atherigona soccata Rondani and stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)

Twin sources of resistance to Ute shootfly, Atherigona soccata Rond. and stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) were selected from a large number of advanced generation derivatives obtained from crosses between tropical and exotic dwarf temperate sorghums at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Eleven such germplasms were subjected to screening against both the shootfly and stem borer to select best sources of resistance to these two pests. Five entries, viz, E 103, E 108, E 109, E 112 and E 358 showed multiple resistance to both the shootfly and stem borer during the two years of field experimentation. All these twin sources of resistance are dual purpose sorghums (grain and fodder) with desirable agronomic attributes.
A Portrait of Peers Within Peer-Mediated Interventions: A Literature Review

Although the impact of peer-mediated interventions on students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) has been studied extensively, little attention has focused on the peers without disabilities who are so central to these interventions. We reviewed 98 studies to examine the portrait of more than 3,000 peers without disabilities who have participated in peer-mediated interventions involving middle and high school students with IDD. Peer and student demographics were very diverse, as were the methods for peer recruitment and selection, the interventions they delivered, the settings in which they spent time with students with IDD, and the ways in which they were prepared for these roles. However, reporting in these areas was limited across studies. We offer recommendations for strengthening research and practice focused on the contributions of peers within these evidence-based interventions.
Steady Current Forces On Tanker-based FPSOs

There is very little information available in the public domain on steady current forces on tanker-based Floating Production, Storage and Offloading systems (FPSOs). The general lack of available data and unresolved issues related to scale effects in model tests bring into question whether the level of uncertainty in modelling of current forces on FPSOs is sufficiently well understood, which has implications for the design of FPSO station-keeping systems. This paper presents the results of a test program to measure current forces on a tanker-based FPSO at various current speeds and relative current headings. While the results are in general agreement with the design curves published by OCIMF, there are some important differences associated with the effect of bilge keels and the
Elite Athletes Successfully Return to the Preinjury Level of Sport Following Ankle Syndesmosis Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: To comprehensively review and report the outcomes of ankle syndesmotic injury management in elite athletes. Data sources: Three databases were searched for articles reporting the rate of return to sport following treatment of ankle syndesmotic injuries in elite athletes (collegiate or professional level). Ten articles and 440 athletes were included. Articles reporting the rate of return to sport following high ankle sprain injury in elite athletes. Data collected included demographics, type of treatment received, and return to sport (RTS) information. A random effects model was used. Main results: The estimated overall rate of RTS was 99% (95% CI, 95.5-99.9). The mean time to RTS was 38 ± 18 (range, 14-137) days. Of the 440 athletes, 269 (269/440%, 61%) were treated nonoperatively (nonoperative group); the rate of RTS was 99.6%, and the athletes returned at a mean time of 29 ± 14 (range, 13-45) days. A total of 171 athletes (171 of 440%, 39%) underwent surgical treatment (operative group). All (171 of 171%, 100%) athletes returned at a mean time of 50.3 ± 13 (range, 41-137) days. Almost all athletes who underwent surgery had suture button fixation (164 of 171 athletes, 96%), and the mean time to RTS was 7 weeks with 9.1% complication rate. Conclusions: Elite athletes with ankle syndesmosis injury return to sport at an extremely high rates, following operative or nonoperative treatment. Return to the preinjury level of competition should be expected at 4 weeks and 7 weeks in high-level athletes who undergo nonoperative and operative management, respectively. Suture button fixation was used by the majority of studies reporting surgical management of ankle syndesmosis injuries in athletes.