Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Re-evaluationofArmillariaandDesarmillariainSouthKorea basedonITS/tef1sequencesandmorphologicalcharacteristics

Fungal species in the genera Armillaria (Fr.: Fr.) Staude and Desarmillaria (Herink) R. A. Koch & Aime (Physalacriaceae, Agaricales) are necrotrophic pathogens that can cause Armillaria root disease. These fungi spread vegetatively through soil via characteristic rhizomorphs or mycelia, but they can also spread via airborne, sexual basidiospores (Baumgartner, Coetzee, & Hoffmeister, Received: 26 December 2017 | Revised: 24 March 2018 | Accepted: 1 May 2018 DOI: 10.1111/efp.12447
An Agenda for Open Science in Communication

In the last 10 years, many canonical findings in the social sciences appear unreliable. This so-called “replication crisis” has spurred calls for open science practices, which aim to increase the reproducibility, replicability, and generalizability of findings. Communication research is subject to many of the same challenges that have caused low replicability in other fields. As a result, we propose an agenda for adopting open science practices in Communication, which includes the following seven suggestions: (1) publish materials, data, and code; (2) preregister studies and submit registered reports; (3) conduct replications; (4) collaborate; (5) foster open science skills; (6) implement Transparency and Openness Promotion Guidelines; and (7) incentivize open science practices. Although in our agenda we focus mostly on quantitative research, we also reflect on open science practices relevant to qualitative research. We conclude by discussing potential objections and concerns associated with open science practices.
Ecology and Cost-limited Restoration of Daha River for Fish Productivity

The Sona river, a threatened seasonal river of eutrophicated nature in the Siwan district of Bihar was studied for its degradation and possible restoration Practices. The study revealed high rate of sedimentation and agricultural activities, changes in water quality and biotic community were observed. The agricultural activities have led to high input of N and P fertilizers along with pesticides being used by the farmers. The positives response of restoration practices was observed with partial improvement in fish-productivity due to hindrance factors acting upon severe fish species.
Assessment of Effectiveness of Problem Based Learning Pedagogical Approach in Radiography Education in a Tertiary Institution in Ghana

A newly accredited department to train Radiographers in the college of health sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana was motivated by the great success story of graduating Doctors from the medical school of the same college that uses Problem-Based Learning (PBL) as the main pedagogy. Therefore, the new Radiography department decided to use PBL as the main mode of pedagogy for the training of the radiographers. This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the PBL mode of pedagogy from students’ perspective so that lessons can be learnt thereof. A questionnaire was used to gather responses from 272 students (190 males, 82 females) reading diagnostic imaging technology (Radiography) and diagnostic medical sonography programmes. The results showed 100% response rate from the respondents. On whether students prefer PBL to traditional lectures, 32.5% agreed, 63.2% strongly agreed with only 2.2% and 1.5% who disagreed and strongly disagreed respectively and 0.7% neither agreed nor disagreed. Also, 52.2% and 36.4% of the respondents agreed that PBL develops competence and confidence in self-directed learning, 37.5% and 55.5% respondents further strongly agreed to the same set of statements. However only 4.4% and 2.6% respectively disagreed with the same set of statements with 2.2% and 3.3% respectively neither agreed nor disagreed. Majority (59.1%) of the students identified inadequate resources to carry out the PBL activities as their main challenge with PBL. Therefore, from the students’ perspective, PBL mode of pedagogy is appropriate for radiography education, it is high-quality and has significantly impacted on students clinical understanding, retention of information, presentation, health promotion and skills development.
A Bibliometric Analysis of COVID-19 Research Activity: A Call for Increased Output

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted many countries across all inhabited continents, and is now considered a global pandemic, due to its high rate of infectivity. Research related to this disease is pivotal for assessing pathogenic characteristics and formulating therapeutic strategies. The aim of this paper is to explore the activity and trends of COVID-19 research since its outbreak in December 2019. Methods: We explored the PubMed database and the World Health Organization (WHO) database for publications pertaining to COVID-19 since December 2019 up until March 18, 2020. Only relevant observational and interventional studies were included in our study. Data on COVID-19 incidence were extracted from the WHO situation reports. Research output was assessed with respect to gross domestic product (GDP) and population of each country. Results: Only 564 publications met our inclusion criteria. These articles came from 39 different countries, constituting 24% of all affected countries. China produced the greatest number of publications with 377 publications (67%). With respect to continental research activity, Asian countries had the highest research activity with 434 original publications (77%). In terms of publications per million persons (PPMPs), Singapore had the highest number of publications with 1.069 PPMPs. In terms of publications per billion-dollar GDP, Mauritius ranked first with 0.075. Conclusion: COVID-19 is a major disease that has impacted international public health on a global level. Observational studies and therapeutic trials pertaining to COVID-19 are essential for assessing pathogenic characteristics and developing novel treatment options.
Field level interventions on subclinical mastitis and detection of Staphylococcus in crossbred dairy cows

Mastitis has emerged as one of the major managemental diseases of economic importance of high yielding dairy cows. A cross sectional study was carried out on 116 cross-bred dairy cows of small scale dairy farms; subclinical mastitis (SCM) was detected in 22 animals (cow-wise prevalence, 18.96%). Of the 88 individual quarterâ€™s milk tested using California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC) tests, 51 quarters showed SCM (quarterwise prevalence, 57.9%). Quarter-wise prevalence of SCM was 29.4, 31.4, 23.5 and 15.7% in right-fore (RF), right-hind (RH), left-fore (LF) and left-hind (LH) quarters, respectively. Fore-(52.9%) and right-(60.8%) quarters showed higher prevalence of SCM than hind-(47.1%) and left-(39.2%) quarters. All 4 quarters were found affected with SCM in 47% cows followed by 3-(23.5%), 1-(17.6%) and 2-(11.8%) quarters. Staphylococci were isolated and confirmed using 16S rRNA gene based genus-specific PCR in 39.2% of SCM affected quarters. Virulence associated nuc gene was detected in 75% of Staphylococcus isolates indicating their potential pathogenicity. Antibiogram showed multiple drug resistance (â‰¥3 antimicrobial category) in 63.6% of Staphylococci. Multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) was recorded in 31.8% isolates. However, none of the isolate carried mecA gene. Interventions, viz. clean milk production practices, antimicrobial therapy and non-specific supportive treatments resulted in 77.7, 50 and 38.8% reductions in SCM compared to the untreated control (37.5%). This study accentuated higher prevalence of SCM among dairy cattle and predominance of Staphylococcus as the major mastitogen. Early detection and management of SCM among dairy cattle is recommended so as to prevent its progression to clinical illness and curtail potential economic loss to farmers.
Investigating the Relationship between Managerial Entrenchment and Internal Control Weakness (Operant Conditioning Behavior Theory Test)

Purpose: In the shadow of separation of the ownership from the control and the problem of representation arising from it in the modern business world, there is a need to pay attention to the CEOs' approaches toward takeover as decision makers in this area. Managerial entrenchment is considered as one of the consequences of separation of ownership from control that explains the difference between the incentives in the corporate management and causes a disturbance in internal control as a communication mechanism between the corporate's performance and the capital market. Paying attention to operant conditioning behavior like tournament incentives as a functional behavioral stimulus in CEOs reduces the profit-seeking attitudes among them and increases the effectiveness of the corporates' performance mechanisms in disclosing financial reporting. The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between the managerial entrenchment and the internal control weakness by operant conditioning behavior theory test. Design/methodology/approach: In this research, 95 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange were evaluated between 2013 and 2018. Considering the duality of internal control assessment, logistic regression in SPSS software was used in this research. Findings: Results of the research showed that there is positive and significant relationship between the managerial entrenchment and the internal control weakness. But there is a negative and significant relationship between the tournament incentive and the internal control weakness. Moreover, it was found that the negative relationship between the managerial entrenchment and the corporates' internal control is mediated by the tournament incentive. Originality/value: Considering that little attention has been paid to motivational issues of the CEOs under the representation theory over the past few years, the present research attempts to investigate managerial entrenchment approach with the effectiveness of internal controls through analysis of the operant conditioning behavior theory to provide more reliable experimental results for the investors and the shareholders.
Efficacy Comparison of Different Acupuncture Treatments for Functional Dyspepsia: A Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analysis

Background Acupuncture has been found to be an effective treatment for functional dyspepsia (FD). Currently, several types of acupuncture have been developed but it is not clear which type is suitable for FD. Currently, doctors often rely on experience to decide which form of acupuncture to apply. Herein, we employed network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the effectiveness of various methods of acupuncture in the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Methods We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture treatments for functional dyspepsia in seven databases; PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, Chinese Science and Technique Journals (CQVIP), and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) from the date of database inception to October 10, 2019. Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to analyze the risk of bias of the included RCTs. Pairwise meta-analyses were performed with RevMan 5.3 and the network meta-analysis of the included RCTs was performed using the frequentist framework. Results A total of 35 studies involving 3301 patients and 10 interventions were eligible for this study. NMA results showed that five types of acupuncture (manual acupuncture, acupoint application, moxibustion, acupoint catgut embedding, and warm acupuncture alone) all were superior to prokinetics (itopride, mosapride, and domperidone) and sham acupuncture in terms of improving the symptoms of functional dyspepsia. Specifically, manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture were more effective in improving the MOS 36 Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) compared to itopride and sham acupuncture, and electroacupuncture was the best among the three acupuncture therapies (acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and acupoint catgut embedding). Moxibustion and manual acupuncture were more effective in improving Nepean Dyspepsia Life Quality Index (NDLQI) compared to itopride, domperidone, and sham acupuncture; moxibustion ranks first among the three acupuncture therapies (acupuncture, electroacupuncture, moxibustion). Conclusions These results showed that manual acupuncture alone was the most effective therapy for FD. It should, therefore, be considered as an alternative treatment for FD patients who are unresponsive to prokinetics or intolerant to the adverse effects of prokinetics. We recommend further multiple centers and high-quality RCT studies to confirm the present findings.
NATIVE MULTILINGUALISM AND STROOP EFFECT – A PILOT STUDY EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE TWO VARIABLES

Multiple studies point out a positive relationship between bilingualism (multilingualism), cognitive development of children and their academic performance at the early age. The Stroop Test is often used as one of the methods of assessing subjects’ executive function of inhibition (the ability to suppress dominant responses), which appears to be enhanced in bilingual/multilingual individuals compared to their monolingual counterparts. The better executive control in bilinguals/multilinguals, which the function of inhibition represents only a part of (besides shifting, i.e. the ability to switch over between tasks, and monitoring, i.e. the ability to update information in the working memory), is believed to stem from these individuals switching over between their languages as well as their need to suppress the other language-related information irrelevant in the given language context. This paper describes a pilot experiment preceding a study of a larger scale whose main objective is to obtain data to be used to assess a possible relationship between the number of mother tongues Swedish university students have a command of and their performance at the Stroop Test.
Memory effects of implicit and explicit negation in a visual setting: Negation based on implicatures leads to a similar number of false memory alarms as overt negation

AIMS: The primary goal of the presented research was to investigate the memory effects of implicit negation, conveyed using implicatures, as compared to explicit negation. We also speculated that implicit negation might require more cognitive effort. METHODS: Three experiments were conducted (total N = 181), in which participants were presented with a description containing implicit or explicit negation, followed by a memory recognition test of items present, negated or not mentioned in the description. We manipulated the pace at which the description was presented (own pace vs. fixed) and whether participants were informed about the upcoming recognition test. RESULTS: We found no differences between explicit and implicit negation in the number of false alarms to negated and not mentioned items, response times or time spent reading the source material. Bayesian analyses indicated a 90% probability that there were no differences in the number of false alarms between explicit and implicit negation. CONCLUSIONS: Implicit and explicit negation lead to a similar quality of recognition, and seem to require a similar amount of time to process, indicating comparable cognitive effort.
A PILOT STUDY COMPARING SUBJECTS WHO SOUGHT PSYCHOLOGICAL HELP WITH SUBJECTS WHO DID NOT

The study aims to explore three semantic domains (My Self, My Family, and Social Perception) tied to emotional daily life experience. A semantic differential (SD) scale was administered to a sample of 799 Italian college students: 387 of them had sought psychological help, 412 had not. The original Osgood, Suci, and Tanebaum (1957) three-factor structure (Evaluation, Potency, and Activity) was imposed and a mean score for the three domains was calculated. MANOVAs were conducted for all factors and their mean scores, comparing the two samples in each domain. Significant differences were found in all three factors in each domain as well as in their mean scores. The most negative attitudes were expressed by students who had sought psychological help: moreover, our analysis highlighted a specific effect tied to gender. Results also suggested female predisposition to emphasize judgments, particularly being more negativistic than males in the counseling sample and more positivistic in the non counseling sample.
1 Marion article

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Heavy recreational visitation within protected natural areas has resulted in many ecological impacts. Many of these impacts may be avoided or minimized through adoption of low-impact hiking and camping practices. Although “No Trace” messages have been promoted in public lands since the 1970s, few studies have documented the reception and effectiveness of these messages. The U.S. Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics develops and promotes two-day Trainer courses that teach Leave No Trace (LNT) skills and ethics to outdoor professionals, groups, and interested individuals. This study examined the change in knowledge, ethics, and behavior of LNT Trainer course participants. The respondents were a convenience sample of participants in Trainer courses offered from April through August 2003. Trainer course instructors administered pre-course and post-course questionnaires to their participants, and we contacted participants individually with a followup questionnaire 4 months after completion of their course. Scores for each of the sections increased immediately following the course, and decreased slightly over the 4 months following the course. Overall, more than half of the knowledge and behavior items, and half of the ethics items, showed significant improvement from pre-course measures to the follow-up. Age, reported LNT experience, and backpacking experience affected the participants’ pre-course knowledge and behavior scores. Younger, less experienced respondents also showed a greater improvement in behavior following the course. Trainer course participants also shared their LNT skills and ethics with others both formally and informally. In summary, the LNT Trainer course was successful in increasing participants’ knowledge, ethics, and behavior, which they then shared with others. Since many lowimpact skills taught in the LNT curriculum are supported by scientific research, LNT educational programs have the potential to effectively minimize the environmental impacts caused by outdoor recreationists. Research implications for improving LNT training and instruction are described.
Screening of Actinomycetes from Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Rhizosphere for Antifungal Activity

Aim: The present study was carried out to isolate actinomycetes from rhizospheric soil of Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale and evaluate their antifungal potential. Methods: Actinomycetes were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of two Zingiberaceae plants (Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale), using four different culture media. Isolates were screened for antifungal activity using dual culture technique against two reference strains Colletotrichum coccodes (DSM 2492) and Alternaria pimpriana (DSM 62023). The most potent strain was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and the bioactive components of the strain were identified using GC-MS chromatography. Results: Fifteen strains of actinomycetes were isolated, SCA (starch casein agar) was found best for cultivation of actinomycetes. The 15 strains were grouped into three genera Norcadia 8(54%), Streptomyces 5(33%) and Janibacter 2(13%) based on morphological, biochemical and physiological identification. Among the 15 isolates 6(40%) strains showed activity against either of the test organisms, while 1(6.7%) was active against the both test organisms. Comparative Original Research Article Osaro-Matthew et al.; JAMB, 20(2): 18-28, 2020; Article no.JAMB. 54947 19 analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences identified the potent isolates as Janibacter sp. strain RC18. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 20 compounds with 10 identified as potent antimicrobial metabolites. Conclusion: This study has revealed that rhizosphere of ginger and turmeric harbours rare actinomycetes that are valuable tool for sustainable agriculture.
A survey of phenotype distribution of subgroup A2, blood groups MNS, P, and Kell in the Kazak nationality living in northern Xinjiang of China

The research was undertaken to study the phenotypic polymorphisms of the subgroup A2, blood groups MNS, P, and Kell in the Kazakh population in northern Xinjiang, China and establish data on rare blood group antigens in the Kazakh population, in order to provide references for clinical blood transfusion safety and prevention of hemolytic disease of the new born. In this study, 6,862 unrelated Kazakh individuals in northern Xinjiang were randomly selected, and their blood samples were collected for serological testing. The antigens of A, B, A1, M, N, P1 and K were detected by serological saline tube method, and the antigens of S, s, and k were detected by the microcolumn gel antiglobulin card method. The results were as follows: 1 The detection rates of subgroup A2 in group A and group AB were 7.08% and 21.79%, respectively; 2 The allele frequencies of the blood groups MNS, P and Kell were M=0.5668, N=0.4332, S=0.1860, s= 0.8140, P1=0.2848, P2=0.7152, K1=0.0096, K2=0.9904. The observed values and expected values of frequency distribution of genotypes were compared by χ test, which conformed to the Hardy-Weinberg genetic law (P>0.05); 3 Fourteen cases of Ss rare phenotype were detected in MNS blood group system, with a frequency of 1.16%; 4 The frequency of K antigen in the Kell blood group system was 1.92%. One case of rare KK homozygote was detected, with a frequency of 0.034%. Our study suggested that the distribution of gene frequency of subgroup A2, blood groups MNS, P and Kell in the Kazakh population in northern Xinjiang has its own characteristics, and their blood group MNS has unique genotypes. The positive rate of K antigen of blood group Kell in the Kazakh population was significantly higher than Chinese Han population.
The potential role of CD31 and Bcl-2 in the etiopathogenesis of oral pyogenic granuloma

Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a vascular reactive lesion of the oral cavity which is caused by local trauma or irritation and has a distinct biological behavior. Up till now, the pathogenesis of PG is not adequately understood. Aim: Assessment of the expression of CD31 and Bcl-2 in PG to clarify the etiopathogenesis of this lesion and to determine whether vascular proliferation in this lesion has a relation to its apoptotic status. Materials and Methods: 4μm sections were prepared from paraffin-embedded blocks of PG (20 samples) and normal gingiva as a control (10 samples). Staining of each specimen with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), CD31 and Bcl-2 was done. Results: all lesions of PG showed positive CD31 and Bcl-2 immunostaining in the endothelial cells of blood vessels and in the stromal ovoid cells. Control group showed positive CD31expression in the endothelial cells of blood vessels while Bcl-2 expression revealed positive expression mainly in the basal cells of the epithelium. A significant higher expression of CD31 and Bcl-2 was detected in PG than normal gingiva. A strong positive correlation was found between CD31 and Bcl-2 area percent of immune-expression. Conclusions: The data of the present study suggest a role of Bcl-2 overexpression in the potentiation of angiogenic response and support the role of CD31 and Bcl-2 in the etiopathogenesis of PG.