Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the land snail Rhagada Albers, 1860 (Gastropoda: Camaenidae) from across the Lesser Sunda Islands

Six land snail species from across the Lesser Sunda Islands have so far been assigned to the camaenid genus Rhagada Albers, 1860. Previous taxonomic treatments have emphasised shell features, which were usually inferred from small series of specimens. Based on the study of newly collected, ethanol preserved material from various islands, I compared the penial anatomy of four species and analysed the mitochondrial differentiation of three. In addition, I completely review the previous literature on the Lesser Sunda species. Six previously named species are recognised as full species: R. solorensis (Martens, 1863) from Solor, R. colona (Martens, 1877) from Dana Island, R. fl oresiana (Martens, 1891) from Flores, R. supracostulata (Schepman, 1892) from Sumba, R. marghitae Falconieri, 1995 from Nusa Penida, and R. setzeri Maassen, 2009 from Alor. In addition, a new subspecies, R. setzeri atauroensis n. subsp. from Atauro Island, Timor-Leste, and a new species, Rhagada abbasi n. sp. from Lembata Island, are described based on morphological and molecular evidence.
Evaluation of techniques for measuring and assessing environmental impacts of agriculture

3 LIST OF SUBMITTED PUBLICATIONS 5 CONTENTS 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 8 1.0. INTRODUCTION 9 1.1. Background and rationale 9 1.2. Setting the scene 10 1.2.1. A systems perspective of agriculture and the environment 10 1.2.2. Measurement and assessment 13 2.0. DESCRIPTION OF THE RESEARCH 17 2.1. Aims and objectives 17 2.2. Overview of the methodology 18 2.3. Coherence of the submission 19 3.0. DISCUSSION 21 3.1. Setting the context 21 3.2. Review of available tools and techniques 22 3.3. Use of indicators in environmental assessment 25 3.4. Environmental risk assessment of pesticides 28 3.5. Energy use and greenhouse gas emissions 29 3.6. Environmental assessment of sugar beet 31 3.7. Assessing risks to soils and the functions they perform 36 3.8. Assessing the environmental impacts of agricultural policy 38 4.0. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 41 4.1. Discussion 41 4.2. Summary 44 REFERENCES 45 APPENDIX A. CO-AUTHOR STATEMENT 53 APPENDIX B. OTHER RELATED PUBLICATIONS 55 APPENDIX C. SUBMITTED PUBLICATIONS 57 APPENDIX D. ADDITIONAL PUBLICATIONS 155
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Positive-versus Zero-sum Majoritarian Ultimatum Games: an Experimental Study

Politics can involve a movement from a position off the Pareto frontier to a point on it (a positive-sum game as exemplified in the classic Arbor] work), or a movement along the Pareto frontier (a zero-sum game as exemplified in the classic [Riker, W., 1962. The theory of political coalitions. Yale University Press, New Haven] work). In this paper we shed light on their differentiation experimentally by making a comparison between a positive-sum and a zero-sum majoritarian ultimatum game. Our main findings include (i) the fraction of subjects who adopted minimum winning rather than oversized coalitions increases significantly as the game form varies from positive-sum to zero-sum, (ii) oversized coalitions are attributable to non-strategic considerations, and (iii) subjects who choose to adopt the minimum winning coalition have a tendency to seek cheaper responders as their partners in the zero-sum game, but there is no evidence of such a tendency in the positive-sum game. Overall, the weight of the evidence revealed by our experimental data indicates that relative scarcity (embodied in the zero-sum game) promotes behavior more in line with the predictions of economics.
Arrecifes coralinos de Bocas del Toro, Panamá: IV. Distribución, estructura y estado de conservación de los arrecifes continentales de Península Valiente

Este estudio, cuarto y ultimo donde se describen los arrecifes coralinos de Bocas del Toro y su estado de conservacion en forma individual, contempla a 14 arrecifes continentales en 129 km de costa comprendidos entre la Peninsula Valiente y el Rio Calovebora. Se encontro una cobertura de coral vivo promedio para esta region de 17.1% (±3.6%), principalmente en el sector occidental de la peninsula, en particular la zona interna de Bahia Bluefield, y en el sector de Tobobe. La cobertura de coral aumenta con la profundidad (> 5 m) en la mayoria de los arrecifes. Dos especies de coral, Porites furcata y Acropora palmata, dominan las aguas superficiales. El coral Acropora palmata se encontro abundante en seis de los 14 arrecifes estudiados concentrandose su mayor presencia hacia el sector de la Ensenada Tobobe y Punta Valiente. Los patrones de reclutamiento son similares en distribucion a los de mayor cobertura, presentandose densidades promedios de 4 reclutas/m2 (hasta 9 reclutas/m2) principalmente Agaricia spp. , Porites astreoides y Siderastrea siderea. La mayor diversidad de corales y esponjas se registro hacia el sector occidental de Peninsula Valiente encontrandose 55 especies de corales en el area de estudio, incluyendo dos nuevos registros para Bocas del Toro (59 especies en total); Dichocoenia stellaris y Madracis luciphila , incrementando tambien la diversidad de corales de Panama a 65 especies. Se encontraron 24 especies de octocorales, informandose por primera vez tres especies: Gorgonia mariae , Muriceopsis sulphurea y Muricea laxa , aumentando asi en un 10% la diversidad de Bocas del Toro a 32 especies en total. Se registraron cinco nuevas especies de esponjas, lo que representa un incremento del 9% en el numero de especies que hacen un total de 58 para Bocas del Toro. La diversidad total de esponjas en el area de estudio fue de 48 especies. Se encontraron grandes poblaciones de Acropora palmata en la Ensenada de Tobobe lo que justifica, una vez mas, la necesidad de modificar el area protegida actual de forma que se incorpore dentro de los planes de conservacion este nuevo sector.
Effects of nutritional strategies on rumen environment and performance in dairy cows

The effect of sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on urine, fecal pH, milk yield and milk composition, and total tract apparent digestibility of starch were determined. Six Holstein cows (HOL), six rumen-cannulated Holstein cows (CAN), and six Jersey cows (JER) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design balanced to measure carry-over effects. Periods (10 d) were divided into 4 stages (S): S1, baseline, d 1-3, ad libitum TMR; S2, restricted feeding, d 4, cows fed for 50% of S1 DMI; S3, challenge, d 5, treatments applied; S4, recovery, d 6-10, all cows fed ad libitum TMR. Treatments were CON, no top dress; MOD, 10% of S1 DMI as top dress (pelleted mixture of 50:50, wheat: barley); and HIG, 20% of S1 DMI as top dress. Rumen pH and urine pH were recorded at -2 to 22 h relative to feeding on S3. Milk yield was recorded and DMI measured daily. Milk samples were obtained on d 2, 4, 5, and 8 for composition analysis. Fecal samples were obtained on d 1 afternoon (3 PM), d 4 morning (7 AM), afternoon (3 PM), night (11 PM), and the next morning before feeding (6 AM) for determination of fecal pH and starch digestibility. No treatment carry-over effect was observed for any measured variable. Mean rumen pH was depressed to 6.24 and 6.35 for cows in HIG and MOD respectively, which were lower than the 6.45 for cows in CON treatment. However, the area under curve was not different among treatments in rumen pH. Mean urine pH in HOL cows was lower on HIG (8.46) compared with 8.54 and 8.51 for CON and MOD, respectively. Mean urine pH of Jersey cows
Statistics of 6-Hour Forecast Errors Derived from Global Data Assimilation System at the Central Weather Bureau in Taiwan

The statistics of 6-hour forecast errors for z, u, and v derived from the global data assimilation system at the Central Weather Bureau in Taiwan are presented. One point moments, including mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis of the forecast errors, are calculated at radiosonde stations to evaluate the statistical properties and define how close the distribution of the forecast error is to the Gaussian distribution. The degree to which the analyses fit the observation is also examined. The overall evaluations with respect to different domains show that the lower order statistics, mean and standard deviation, are reasonable and comparable to the results of other operational centers. The higher order statistics show that the distributions of the forecast error form an approximate Gaussian distribution. The spatial distribution of the one point moment shows that the mean and standard deviation of forecast errors are sensitive to the orographic effect (e.g., the Tibetan Plateau), the Asia and North American monsoon activities, and the mid-latitude disturbances. The pattern of the mean and standard deviation exhibits large-scale variability, which may be attributed to the background errors and suggest that the model error is dominated by large scales. The skewness and kurtosis have many local extremes, suggesting that observational errors dominate these higher order statistics.
Recovery of the River Otter to Kentucky

Recovery efforts of river otters (Lontra canadensis ) in Southeastern states that have implemented restoration programs are poorly documented in the published literature. The Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources released 355 river otters among 14 sites during 1991-1994, and a statewide harvest was implemented in 2006. We used damage reports, sign surveys, and harvest data to evaluate the recovery and current status of the river otter in Kentucky. When all census data were combined, river otters were observed in each of the 12 major watersheds in the state. Our data indicate higher otter abundance in the Jackson Purchase and central reintroduction region of Kentucky, and lower abundance in the eastern plateau and mountain regions. Overall, these data indicate a successful reintroduction of river otters to the state. The small remnant population in the west appears to have expanded and be linked to the increasing numbers of otters in the reintroduction zone. The number of river otters harvested stabilized after a peak in 2006-07, indicating that the existing statewide harvest protocol (bag limit = 6) may be sufficient to maintain a stable population of otters in Ken- tucky. Further research, including reproductive and demographic analyses as well as the potential impacts on prey populations, is necessary to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the river otter population in Kentucky and its role in ecosystems to which it has been reintroduced.
Analysis of General Personality Characteristics of High School Students Who Take and Do not Take Vocational Music Training according to Personality Inventory

The authorities claim that music training helps children and young people gain insight and actualize themselves and it contributes to their self-expression, self-confidence and socialization process. As known, music education that children and adolescences get varies for several reasons, and particularly the aims, the ways, and the intensity of courses differ according to the school types. From this context, the students of the high schools of fine arts getting vocational musical training and the students of general high schools not getting the vocational training were investigated by means of a general personality inventory, and a research was conducted to examine whether or not music education supports the personality development of the high school students. In the study, 140 students attending the last grade of high schools of fine arts, 140 students attending last grade of general high schools with total amount of 280 were randomly selected. The students were administered a 168 item personality inventory to determine their characteristics of ‘social, personal and general adaptation’ levels. Following findings were obtained as a result of the survey: When the total scales “general adaptation”, “social adaptation” and “personal adaptation” levels, including the sub-scales of ‘family affairs, social affairs, social norms, anti-social tendencies’, ‘self-actualization, emotional decisiveness, neurotic tendencies and psychotic symptoms’, were examined, the scores of students who get vocational music training were found significantly higher than the students who do not get it. The results of the study show that music training supports the personality development of adolescences positively.
Pilot Analysis of Hourly Rainfall in Central and Eastern Amazonia

Abstract This paper presents results of a pilot study of rainfall along the part of the Amazon River that flows through Brazil. Rain was measured at three stations, one for each of three regimes: coastal, interior bottomland, and interior upland. For each station the record from 1 January 1988 through 31 December 1990 was parsed into accumulation periods of 1 h. Storms on the coast tended to be more showery than those in the interior and storms in the interior upland tended to be more showery than those in the interior lowland. The diurnal cycle varied with distance from the Amazon River as well as with distance from the Atlantic coast.
Effect of troglitazone on microalbuminuria in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy.

OBJECTIVE Although some studies have suggested a direct action of troglitazone on vascular cells, its effects on diabetic vascular diseases have not been reported. We therefore investigated the effect of troglitazone on microalbuminuria in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 30 patients with type 2 diabetes associated with microalbuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [ACR] [milligrams per gram creatinine] ranging from 30 to 300 mg/g creatinine) were studied. They were randomly divided into two groups: patients treated with metformin (500 mg/day, n = 13) or with troglitazone (400 mg/day, n = 17) for 12 weeks. ACR, lipid profile, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, and plasma glucose during meal-load tests were measured every 4 weeks. RESULTS Anthropometric indices (BMI and percent fat), lipid profile, and blood pressure did not change with either treatment. Fasting and postmeal glucose levels decreased similarly in the two groups. Decrements in glycated hemoglobin were greater in the metformin group at 4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of treatment (P < 0.05). Troglitazone reduced ACR (median [25-75th percentiles]) from 70 (49-195) to 40 (31-90) mg/g creatinine at 4 weeks (P = 0.021) and maintained these reduced levels throughout the treatment period (8 weeks: 35 [26-68], P = 0.007; 12 weeks: 43 [26-103], P = 0.047). Metformin did not change ACR throughout the 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Troglitazone ameliorated microalbuminuria in diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, our findings suggest that troglitazone has some effects on vascular cells other than lowering plasma glucose levels. Troglitazone might be useful for diabetic angiopathy, including nephropathy and coronary artery disease.
Stone Columns and Earthquake Drain Liquefaction Mitigation for Federal Center South in Seattle, Washington

This paper presents site conditions, design, and construction of a liquefaction and lateral spreading mitigation program for the project of the Federal Center South building located in Seattle, Washington. The area is dominated by the Cascadia Subduction Zone, and the site is located within the 4- to 6-km-wide zone for the Seattle Fault zone. It is also adjacent to the Duwamish River and on top of potentially liquefiable soils, thus creating a potential for slope instability or lateral spreading. Soil properties were determined by SPT, CPT, a Surface Shear Wave Velocity Survey, and a Seismic Cone Survey. The initial evaluation of slope stability indicated that mitigation was required. Stone columns were installed to mitigate liquefaction. Earthquake drains were also installed to aid in the drainage to avoid lateral spreading / liquefaction, as well as to increase the effectiveness of the stone column densification. The stone column and earthquake drain design was analyzed using the computer program FEQDRAIN (Pestana, et al., 1997). Confirmed by the post-treatment CPTs, the combined stone column and earthquake drain treatment program effectively densified the liquefiable sands and mitigated the site lateral spreading hazards.
A Model of the Stubble Replacement Decision for Florida Sugarcane Growers

Sugarcane has been cultivated since at least 8000 B.C. (Barnes, p. 2) and today is grown throughout the world's tropical and subtropical regions. In Florida, sugarcane has been produced commercially since 1920 (Zepp). Before 1960, however, Florida sugar production was not significant; only three mills were in operation. With the ban on importation of Cuban sugar and the lifting of domestic sugarcane acreage restrictions in 1960, the industry grew rapidly.
Estimation of gas hydrate concentration and free gas saturation from log and seismic data

Summary We propose a method to estimate the gas-hydrate concentration and free-gas saturation in marine sediments from log and seismic data. The method is based on a model that relates the concentrations to the P-wave velocity. We consider two different theoretical approaches: 1) a Biot-type three-phase theory and 2) Gassmann's equations. Both models consider the existence of two solids (grain and hydrate) and two fluids (water and free gas). A quantitative estimation is obtained by comparing the theoretical velocity profile for full-water saturated sediments to the experimental velocity profile. The deviations between the two curves are interpreted as presence of hydrates or free gas in the pore space. We considered the experimental data acquired during the Leg 164 of the Ocean Drilling Program.
Autobiographical Memory: Remembering What and Remembering When

Contents: Preface. About the Authors. Theory and Overview. The Diaries. Remembering What. Memory for Everyday Events. Emotional Pleasantness and Intensity. Effectiveness of Self-Schema in Memory. Reconstructive Memory for Time. Reconstructing Event Dates: The Effects of Retention Interval, Event sharacteristics, and Person Characteristics. Emotional Pleasant and Event Dating. The Role of the Self-Schema in the Reconstruction of Time. Overview and Summary. Appendix.
Autobiographical Memory: An Introduction

Part 1 Identifying autobiographical memory: types of memories types of autobiographical memories are autobiographivcal memories "true"? what do autobiographical memories represent? summary - characteristics of autobiographical memories. Part 2 The early theorists: Ribot - a vision in time Galton: cueing autobiographical memory Freud - the past as dictator Bartlett - reconstructing the past the early experimentalists the modern agenda. Part 3 The time of your life: sampling memory - Galton's original data short lives - sampling the memory age distributions of young people long lives - sampling the memory age distributions of older people the distribution of memory ages across the life-span, reconsidered memory age distributions from short, and verifiable, time periods sampling structured time periods - the school year dating by landmarks the process of dating summary - memory retrieval and memory dating. Part 4 Vivid memories: flashbulb memories criticisms of the "flashbulb" memory concept veridicality and the determinants of flashbulb memories flashbulb memories - a special class of memories? the role of emotion in vivid memory formation conclusions - characteristics of flashbulb, and vivid, memories. Part 5 Emotions and the "self": emotion and autobiographical memory the self and autobiographical memory self-knowledge summary - emotion and personal significance. Part 6 Organization in autobiographical memory: computational models of event knowledge the structure of autobiographical memory life themes theoretical aspects of structure - "the past is another country" summary - the organization of autobiographical memory. Part 7 Remembering the past - the process of retrieval: the generate-search-verify model recency, categories and images single-case studies events and thoughts conclusions - retrieval of specific memories. Part 8 The development and decline of autobiographical memory: the development of autobiographical memory - childhood amnesia Freud and the repression of the past knowledge structures and the emergence of autobiographical memories autobiographical memory in old age the decline of autobiographical memory the meaning of life. Part 9 The impairment of autobiographical memory: amnesia impairments of "public" knowledge impairments of autobiographical memory methodological note living with amnesia autobiographical memory in depression. Part 10 Autobiographical memory and cognition: aspects of autobiographical memory facts, concepts and memories learning, problem-solving and explanation what is an autobiographical memory? conclusions.
Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution : Watershed Management and Hydrology

Hydrology Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Nitrogen and Water Quality Phosphorus and Water Quality Impacts Pesticides and Water Quality Impacts Nonpoint Source Pollution and Livestock Manure Management Irrigated Agriculture and Water Quality Impacts Agricultural Drainage and Water Quality Water Quality Models Best Management Practices for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Monitoring
A STUDY OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF KRISHNA RIVER WATER PARTICULARLY IN WESTERN MAHARASHTRA

The physico-chemical parameters of Krishna river water was studied in the month of May2008. Nine samples were collected from different locations. The parameters like pH, EC, TDS, TS, BOD and DO etc. were determined in research lab of DKTE, Ichalkaranji. The results obtained were compared with standards of ICMR and WHO. From the results it was found that the most of the parameters of Krishna river water are within the permissible limit of ICMR and WHO.
Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Raw Milk of One-Humped Camel from Khur and Biabanak in Isfahan Province of Iran

The aim of the present study was to investigate the physico-chemical quality of raw milk of one-humped camel coming from Khur and Biabanak known as a camel-rearing area located in Isfahan province of Iran. 500 milliliters of raw milk from thirty individual one-humped camels were randomly collected and subjected for proximate analyses indicating the amounts of total solid, protein, fat, lactose, ash, acidity and pH that were 11.24±0.41%, 4.61±0.5%, 2.72±0.54%, 3.05±0.4%, 0.86±0.07%, 0.12±0.002% and 6.52± 0.18 respectively. The mean values of calcium, zinc, magnesium, and iron were demonstrated to be equal in respective order of 79.18± 0.58, 0.78±0.6, 1.44±0.14 and 0.69±0.33 mg.100 g -1 . Analysis of the physical properties revealed that the specific gravity, L*, a*, b*, whiteness and yellowness of the milk were 1.025± 0.009, 77.74±0.67, -0.90±0.37, 2.492 ±0.27, 39.3±0.91 and 4.81±1.06 respectively. According to the results mentioned earlier, it might be concluded that the raw milk produced from one-humped camels reared in Khur and Biabanak could provide a valuable source of energy for the consumers.
STUDY ON FORMATION AND BEHAVIOR OF THE ICE COVER ON COLD REGION RESERVOIR

In the cold region Hokkaido, ice problems have occurred in the hydropower station. While we have investigated the ice frazil and developed the ice control structure, research on ice formation and behavior on a reservoir where the water level has fluctuated in, have never been performed. In this paper, thickness of the ice cover in a reservoir is discussed from heat balance and ice behavior. From a viewpoint of heat balance, the transition of snow ice thickness on the reservoir during winter period was simulated by a numerical model, considering heat transfer between ice and air, and flow of water, etc. From a view point of ice behavior, by performing a two-dimensional hydraulic model test with simulating reservoir slope, fluctuation of water level, and ice condition, ice behavior around slope of this model was observed, and hydrological behavior to study on ice thickness distribution in a reservoir was confirmed.