Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efectos genéticos directos, maternos y heterosis individual para tasas de estro, gestación, parición y destete de vacas Criollo, Guzerat y sus cruzas F1 Breed effects and individual heterosis for pregnancy, calving and weaning rates in Criollo, Guzerat and F1 cows

Reproductive records of beef cows were collected in 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 to estimate direct and maternal genetic effects and to compare estrous (ER), pregnancy (PR), calving (CR) and weaning (WR) rates. Data was collected from Guzerat (G, n=202), Criollo (C, n=126), Criollo x Guzerat (CG, n=101) and Guzerat x Criollo (GC, n=35) cows. Analyses were carried out with the GENMOD procedure of SAS, considering a binomial distribution and repeated measurements. Models for ER and PR included the fixed effects of genotype of the cow (GE), productive status (PS, with or without a calf), number of calving (CN), season of breeding and year of breeding. Fixed effects included to the model for CR and WR were GE, PS, CN, season of calving and year of calving. Least squares means from the analyses were converted as follows: e(MCM) / ((1+e)MCM). WR was 14, 16 and 25 % higher (P≤0.10) for C, CG and GC cows compared to G cows. Individual heterosis was important (P 0.10) between direct genetic effects of Criollo and Guzerat were detected. Maternal differences were favorable in 15 % (P≤0.10) to Criollo, for CR. Results suggest that GC and CG cows are alternatives to produce beef calves in Nayarit, Mexico.
A discriminative multiscale feature extraction network for facial expression recognition in the wild

Driven by advancements in deep learning technologies, substantial progress has been achieved in the field of facial expression recognition over the past decade, while challenges remain brought about by occlusions, pose variations and subtle expression differences in unconstrained (wild) scenarios. Therefore, a novel multiscale feature extraction method is proposed in this paper, that leverages convolutional neural networks to simultaneously extract deep semantic features and shallow geometric features. Through the mechanism of channel-wise self-attention, prominent features are further extracted and compressed, preserving advantageous features for distinction and thereby reducing the impact of occlusions and pose variations on expression recognition. Meanwhile, inspired by the large cosine margin concept used in face recognition, a center cosine loss function is proposed to avoid the misclassification caused by the underlying interclass similarity and substantial intra-class feature variations in the task of expression recognition. This function is designed to enhance the classification performance of the network through making the distribution of samples within the same class more compact and that between different classes sparser. The proposed method is benchmarked against several advanced baseline models on three mainstream wild datasets and two datasets that present realistic occlusion and pose variation challenges. Accuracies of 89.63%, 61.82%, and 91.15% are achieved on RAF-DB, AffectNet and FERPlus, respectively, demonstrating the greater robustness and reliability of this method compared to the state-of-the-art alternatives in the real world.
Association of abnormal NDUFB2 and UQCRH expression with venous thromboembolism in patients with liver cirrhosis

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) refers to abnormal coagulation of blood in veins, resulting in complete or incomplete occlusion of the blood vessels. Patients with liver cirrhosis are prone to blood clots. However, relationship between NDUFB2 and UQCRH and VTE is not clear. GSE19151 and GSE48000 profiles for venous thromboembolism were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) generated using GPL571 and GPL10558. Multiple datasets were merged and batched. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed. The construction and analysis of protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, functional enrichment analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were conducted. Gene expression heat map was drawn. Comparative toxicogenomics database (CTD) analysis were performed to find disease most related to the core genes. Western blotting (WB) experiments were further verified. TargetScan screened miRNAs that regulated central DEGs. 129 DEGs were identified. According to gene ontology (GO), DEGs were mainly enriched in mRNA metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, nucleic acid binding and enzyme binding. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) analysis showed that target cells were mainly enriched in ribosomes and oxidative phosphorylation. The intersection of enrichment items and GOKEGG enrichment items of DEGs is mainly enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, myocardial contraction and ribosome. In the metascape enrichment project, dna template transcription, cell stress response regulation and proton transport across the membrane can be seen in the GO enrichment project. The PPI network obtained 10 core genes (COX7C, NDUFB2, ATP5O, NDUFA4, NDUFAB1, ATP5C1, ATP5L, NDUFA7, NDUFA6, UQCRH). Gene expression heat map showed that 5 core genes (NDUFAB1, NDUFB2, UQCRH, COX7C, NDUFA4) were highly expressed in venous thromboembolism samples, and lowly expression in normal tissue samples, and 2 core genes (NDUFA7, NDUFA6) were lowly expressed in venous thromboembolism samples. CTD analysis showed that 5 genes (NDUFAB1, NDUFB2, UQCRH, COX7C, NDUFA4) were found to be associated with obesity, necrosis, inflammation and hepatomegaly. The result of WB showed that expression level of NDUFB2 and UQCR in venous thromboembolism was higher than that in control group. NDUFB2 and UQCRH are highly expressed in venous thromboembolism with liver cirrhosis, making them potential molecular targets for early diagnosis and precise treatment.
Meta-analysis of the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for stage IB non-small cell lung cancer

Background: Many clinical trials have shown that postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy can provide a survival benefit for patients with stage IB non-small cell lung cancer. However, whether adjuvant chemotherapy should be routinely given after surgery remains controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy versus surgery alone for stage IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Relevant retrospective studies or randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation on the survival outcomes of NSCLC patients up to October 30, 2023 were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, VIP database, Wanfang database, and China National Knowledge Internet database. Patient survival data, population characteristics, and other relevant information were extracted, and data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4. The primary endpoints included overall survival, disease-free survival, and recurrence-free survival. Results: A total of 13 randomized controlled trials or cohort studies including 19,442 patients were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage IB NSCLC had better overall survival (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–1.31, P < .00001) and disease-free survival or recurrence-free survival (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.3–1.9, P < .00001) compared with observation; and the 4-year survival rate of patients who received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was better than the observation group (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.05–2.18, P = .03); and the 8-year survival rate of patients receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (OR = 1.5, 95% CI 0.94–2.4, P = .09) was comparable to the observation group. Conclusion: Receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy improved people’s survival and prolonged disease-free survival and recurrence-free survival in patients with stage IB non-small cell lung cancer compared with surgery alone.
A quasi‐liquid mediated continuum model of faceted ice dynamics

We present a quasi‐liquid mediated continuum model for ice growth consisting of partial differential equations informed by molecular dynamics simulations. The main insight from molecular dynamics is the appearance of periodic variations in the equilibrium vapor pressure and quasi‐liquid thickness of the ice/vapor interface. These variations are incorporated in the continuum model as subgrid scale microsurfaces. We show that persistent faceted ice growth in the presence of inhomogeneities in the ambient vapor field is due to a spontaneous narrowing of terraces at facet corners, which compensates for higher ambient water vapor density via feedback between surface supersaturation and quasi‐liquid thickness. We argue that this emergent behavior has the mathematical structure of a stable limit cycle and characterize its robustness in terms of ranges of parameters that support it. Because the model is relevant in the high‐surface‐coverage regime, it serves as a useful complement to the Burton‐Cabrera‐Frank framework. Quantitative aspects and limitations of the model are also discussed.
Clinical effectiveness of robotic-assisted compared to open or video-assisted lobectomy in Germany: a real-world data analysis

Abstract OBJECTIVES Despite robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) lobectomy being on the rise in Europe, the majority of lobectomies in Germany are still performed with an open or thoracoscopic [video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)] approach. Empirical evidence in favour of RATS lobectomy is inconsistent. This retrospective cohort study investigates the impact of RATS lobectomy compared with open thoracic surgery (OPEN) and VATS lobectomy on short-term outcomes in Germany using multicentre real-world data. METHODS Anonymized routine data from Germany from 2018 to 2020 were retrospectively analysed. These data were provided by 61 German hospitals. Propensity score matching with subsequent generalized linear models was performed for statistical analysis. Additionally, in order to test the robustness of the results, multivariable regression analyses with cluster-robust standard errors were used. RESULTS A total of 2498 patients with lobectomy were identified: in 1345 patients OPEN, in 983 VATS and 170 a RATS lobectomy was performed. RATS—compared to OPEN and VATS—reduced length of stay (LOS) by 28% or 4.2 days [confidence interval: 2.9; 5.4] and by 13% or 1.6 days [confidence interval: 0.2; 3.0], respectively. The risk of pneumonia was reduced by 5.3 percentage points in the RATS group compared to both OPEN and VATS (P = 0.07/0.01). RATS—compared to an open approach—reduces the risk of blood transfusions by 8.8 percentage points (P < 0.001) and LOS on the intensive care unit (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study provides strong support that RATS lobectomy outperforms OPEN or VATS lobectomy in terms of hospital LOS, and short-term in-hospital postoperative complications in the real-world scenario in Germany.
Long‐term CO2 fertilization increases vegetation productivity and has little effect on hydrological partitioning in tropical rainforests

Understanding how tropical rainforests respond to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) is essential for predicting Earth's carbon, water, and energy budgets under future climate change. Here we use long‐term (1982–2010) precipitation (P) and runoff (Q) measurements to infer runoff coefficient (Q/P) and evapotranspiration (E) trends across 18 unimpaired tropical rainforest catchments. We complement that analysis by using satellite observations coupled with ecosystem process modeling (using both “top‐down” and “bottom‐up” perspectives) to examine trends in carbon uptake and relate that to the observed changes in Q/P and E. Our results show there have been only minor changes in the satellite‐observed canopy leaf area over 1982–2010, suggesting that eCO2 has not increased vegetation leaf area in tropical rainforests and therefore any plant response to eCO2 occurs at the leaf level. Meanwhile, observed Q/P and E also remained relatively constant in the 18 catchments, implying an unchanged hydrological partitioning and thus approximately conserved transpiration under eCO2. For the same period, using a top‐down model based on gas exchange theory, we predict increases in plant assimilation (A) and light use efficiency (ε) at the leaf level under eCO2, the magnitude of which is essentially that of eCO2 (i.e., ~12% over 1982–2010). Simulations from 10 state‐of‐the‐art bottom‐up ecosystem models over the same catchments also show that the direct effect of eCO2 is to mostly increase A and ε with little impact on E. Our findings add to the current limited pool of knowledge regarding the long‐term eCO2 impacts in tropical rainforests.
Applying Resampling and Visualization Methods in Factor Analysis to Model Human Spatial Vision

Purpose Studies have reported different numbers of spatial frequency channels for chromatic and achromatic vision. To resolve the difference, we performed factor analysis, a multivariate modeling technique, on population data of achromatic and chromatic sensitivity. In addition, we included resampling and visualization methods to evaluate models from factor analysis. These routines are complex but widely useful. Therefore we have archived our analysis routines by building smCSF, an open-source software package in R (https://smin95.github.io/dataviz/). Methods Data of 103 normally-sighted adults were analyzed. They included blue-yellow, red-green, and achromatic contrast sensitivity. To obtain the confidence interval of relevant statistical parameters, factor analysis was performed using a resampling method. Then exploratory models were developed. We then performed model selections by fitting them against the empirical data and quantifying the quality of the fits. Results During the exploratory factor analysis, different statistical tests supported different factor models. These could partially be reasons for why there have been conflicting reports. However, after the confirmatory analysis, we found that a model that included two spatial channels was adequate to approximate the chromatic sensitivity data, whereas that with three channels was so for the achromatic sensitivity data. Conclusions Our findings provide novel insights about the spatial channels for chromatic and achromatic contrast sensitivity from population data. Also, the analysis and visualization routines have been archived in a computational package to boost the transparency and replicability of science.
Study on Delayed Settlement Formation Induced by Shield Tunneling in Sandy Cobble Strata

The Chengdu metro shield tunnel is mainly located in water-rich sandy cobble strata and the delayed settlement caused by ground loss will easily occur under the influence of groundwater and surface loading,making the ground surface collapse. The cause of delayed settlement in sandy cobble strata was summarized based on the construction experiences of Chengdu metro line 1. The particle analysis software PFC2 D,which would better reflect the discrete features of sandy cobble strata,was used to simulate the delayed settlement development process from the micro view,the impact of the buried depth and location of ground void on delayed settlement was also studied. The results show that the specific engineering geological properties of sandy cobble strata is the basic factor of delayed settlement,and shield construction technologies are the key influencing factors. Microscopic studies show that,there are two broken belts located at both sides above the tunnel with an angle about 45° caused by ground loss,forming a triangle loose region,meanwhile the ground stresses around the tunnel change significantly. Tunnel buried depth affects the occurrence of delayed settlement and the ground void location has important impact on the settlement condition.
Community-Based Disaster Management in the Philippines: Making a Difference in People's Lives

Community participation has been recognized as the additional element in disaster management necessary to reverse the worldwide trend of increasing frequency and loss from disasters, build a culture of safety and disaster resilient communities, and ensure sustainable development for all. This paper highlights the features, processes, components, and gains of community based disaster management (CBDM) as showcased by good practices in community based preparedness and mitigation of key organizations involved in the Philippine Disaster Management Forum.
The effects of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F on renal outcomes in type 2 diabetic kidney disease patients with severe proteinuria: a single-center cohort study

Abstract Aim Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) has been shown to substantially reduce proteinuria in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD); however, the effect of TwHF on renal outcomes in DKD remains unknown. Accordingly, we aimed to establish the effects of TwHF on renal outcomes in patients with DKD. Methods Overall, 124 patients with DKD, induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus, with 24-h proteinuria > 2 g, and an estimated glomerular filtration rate > 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 were retrospectively investigated. The renal outcomes were defined as doubling serum creatinine levels or end-stage kidney disease. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analyses were performed to analyze prognostic factors for renal outcomes. Results By the end of the follow-up, renal outcomes were observed in 23 and 11 patients in the non-TwHF and TwHF groups, respectively (p = 0.006). TwHF significantly reduced the risk of renal outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.271, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.111–0.660, p = 0.004) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) G3 (adjusted HR 0.274, 95%CI 0.081–0.932, p = 0.039). Based on the Kaplan-Meier analysis, 1- and 3-year proportions of patients without renal outcomes were significantly lower in the non-TwHF group than those in the TwHF group (92.8% vs. 95.5% and 47.2% vs. 76.8%, respectively; p = 0.0018). Conclusion In DKD patients with severe proteinuria, TwHF could prevent DKD progression, especially in patients with CKD G3. A randomized clinical trial is needed to elucidate the benefits of TwHF on renal outcomes in patients with DKD.
Acute stress reduces effortful prosocial behaviour

Acute stress can change our cognition and emotions, but what specific consequences this has for human prosocial behaviour is unclear. Previous studies have mainly investigated prosociality with financial transfers in economic games and produced conflicting results. Yet a core feature of many types of prosocial behaviour is that they are effortful. We therefore examined how acute stress changes our willingness to exert effort that benefits others. Healthy male participants – half of whom were put under acute stress – made decisions whether to exert physical effort to gain money for themselves or another person. With this design, we could independently assess the effects of acute stress on prosocial, compared to self-benefitting, effortful behaviour. Compared to controls (n = 45), participants in the stress group (n = 46) chose to exert effort more often for self- than for other-benefitting rewards at a low level of effort. Additionally, the adverse effects of stress on prosocial effort were particularly pronounced in more selfish participants. Neuroimaging combined with computational modelling revealed a putative neural mechanism underlying these effects: more stressed participants showed increased activation to subjective value in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula when they themselves could benefit from their exerted effort relative to when someone else could. By using an effort-based task that better approximates real-life prosocial behaviour and incorporating trait differences in prosocial tendencies, our study provides important insights into how acute stress affects prosociality and its associated neural mechanisms.
Capillary pressure‐saturation relations in quartz and carbonate sands: Limitations for correlating capillary and wettability influences on air, oil, and supercritical CO2 trapping

Capillary pressure (Pc)‐saturation (Sw) relations are essential for predicting equilibrium and flow of immiscible fluid pairs in soils and deeper geologic formations. In systems that are difficult to measure, behavior is often estimated based on capillary scaling of easily measured Pc–Sw relations (e.g., air‐water, and oil‐water), yet the reliability of such approximations needs to be examined. In this study, 17 sets of brine drainage and imbibition curves were measured with air‐brine, decane‐brine, and supercritical (sc) CO2‐brine in homogeneous quartz and carbonate sands, using porous plate systems under ambient (0.1 MPa, 23°C) and reservoir (12.0 MPa, 45°C) conditions. Comparisons between these measurements showed significant differences in residual nonwetting phase saturation, Snw,r. Through applying capillary scaling, changes in interfacial properties were indicated, particularly wettability. With respect to the residual trapping of the nonwetting phases, Snwr, CO2 > Snwr, decane > Snwr, air. Decane‐brine and scCO2‐brine Pc–Sw curves deviated significantly from predictions assuming hydrophilic interactions. Moreover, neither the scaled capillary behavior nor Snw,r for scCO2‐brine were well represented by decane‐brine, apparently because of differences in wettability and viscosities, indicating limitations for using decane (and other organic liquids) as a surrogate fluid in studies intended to apply to geological carbon sequestration. Thus, challenges remain in applying scaling for predicting capillary trapping and multiphase displacement processes across such diverse fields as vadose zone hydrology, enhanced oil recovery, and geologic carbon sequestration.
New HIV Infections Among Key Populations and Their Partners in 2010 and 2022, by World Region: A Multisources Estimation

Background: Previously, The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS estimated proportions of adult new HIV infections among key populations (KPs) in the last calendar year, globally and in 8 regions. We refined and updated these, for 2010 and 2022, using country-level trend models informed by national data. Methods: Infections among 15–49 year olds were estimated for sex workers (SWs), male clients of female SW, men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID), transgender women (TGW), and non-KP sex partners of these groups. Transmission models used were Goals (71 countries), AIDS Epidemic Model (13 Asian countries), Optima (9 European and Central Asian countries), and Thembisa (South Africa). Statistical Estimation and Projection Package fits were used for 15 countries. For 40 countries, new infections in 1 or more KPs were approximated from first-time diagnoses by the mode of transmission. Infection proportions among nonclient partners came from Goals, Optima, AIDS Epidemic Model, and Thembisa. For remaining countries and groups not represented in models, median proportions by KP were extrapolated from countries modeled within the same region. Results: Across 172 countries, estimated proportions of new adult infections in 2010 and 2022 were both 7.7% for SW, 11% and 20% for MSM, 0.72% and 1.1% for TGW, 6.8% and 8.0% for PWID, 12% and 10% for clients, and 5.3% and 8.2% for nonclient partners. In sub-Saharan Africa, proportions of new HIV infections decreased among SW, clients, and non-KP partners but increased for PWID; elsewhere these groups' 2010-to-2022 differences were opposite. For MSM and TGW, the proportions increased across all regions. Conclusions: KPs continue to have disproportionately high HIV incidence.