Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Valuation of Conservation Options Versus Tropical Deforestation

This paper presents the findings of a study to compare the long term economics of ‘businessas-usual’ deforestation activities such as logging and farming occurring within Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia (‘GPNP’) against a ‘portfolio’ of low emission conservation based alternatives such as carbon credits, ecotourism, bio-prospecting, biodiversity credits, and sustainable harvesting of non-timber forest products. These portfolio activities are often promoted as ‘solutions’ to deforestation and this study aims to test this hypothesis and quantify values using discounted cash flow methodology on long term projections. GPNP is a species rich park in Indonesia but has a history of high deforestation rates. Demand for logs in Indonesia is projected to double over the next 30 years. The projections also suggest that a food production deficit may occur around 2030 due a reduction of rice crop yields as a result of climate change. The findings indicate that the value in dollar terms from current deforestation activities exceeds that offered by the portfolio alternatives as most of the latter options may be challenging to implement in practice. For the time being, conservation efforts are likely to remain a critical factor in minimizing deforestation rates.
Analysis of the Effect of Perceived Security, Information Quality, and Consumer Trust on Online Purchase Intention in the Shopee Application

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of perceived safety, information quality, and consumer trust on online purchase intentions in the Shopee application. This study uses quantitative research with a survey type of research. This study uses an online questionnaire as a data collection tool. The population of this study are users and have made purchases of e-commerce fashion in the Shopee application. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The sample of this study was 170 respondents. Data analysis This research technique uses the Partial Least (PLS) method with SMARTPLS software. The results of this study are Security and perceived information quality have a positive effect on trust. Security and quality of information have a positive effect on purchase intentions. Trust has a positive effect on purchase intentions. Trust can partially mediate the relationship between perceived security and purchase intentions. Trust can partially mediate the relationship between information quality and purchase intention
Evolution of structure and permeability of normal faults with clay smear: Insights from water‐saturated sandbox models and numerical simulations

Clay smear is difficult to predict for subsurface flow applications and would benefit from an improved understanding of the processes controlling clay smear. We present water‐saturated sandbox experiments with large clay smear surfaces (~500 cm2) that couple cross‐fault fluid flow measurements with structural analysis of excavated clay smears. We compare measured flow data to numerical flow simulations to develop a tool to evaluate the evolving fault structure. Results show diagnostic relationships between fault structures and cross‐fault flow. In experiments with one or two clay layers and a cumulative thickness of 10 mm at 100 mm displacement, normally consolidated clay in a structural domain of graben faulting initially yields hybrid brittle/ductile failure with early breaching of the clay layer and increased cross‐fault flux. This is followed by fault backstepping, formation of clay smears, and reworking of clay fragments within the fault. Early formed holes remain open during the evolution of the faults. Fault zones are segmented by fault lenses, breached relays, and clay smears in which sand and clay mix by deformation. Experiments with two clay layers show that holes rarely form at the same position on the fault plane, producing a layered sand‐clay fault rock with greater flow path tortuosity and lower permeability than in one‐layer experiments. We compare our results with observations of faults in nature and discuss progress toward models with sufficient detail and understanding to allow prediction of flow across evolving faults, first in laboratory models and then in the subsurface.
The Prakasam Alkaline Province in Andbra Pradesh, India

The Prakasam alkaline province is essentially composed of three major nepheline syenite plutons at Elchuru, Purimetla and Uppalapadu, and one silica-oversaturated (syenite and quartz syenite) pluton at Settupalle. These four post-orogenic plutons, all occurring in the Prakasam District of Andhra Pradesh, display dissimilar internal structures and variable rock associations; they are almost exclusively salic and generally show evidence of passive emplacement. The gross petrographic characteristics of the individual plutons are presented, and a generalised discussion on the petrogenetic aspects is included. The undersaturated and oversaturated syenites of the province are supposed to have formed from a critically undersaturated hornblende syenite magma by branching differentiation mechanism. The gabbros represent tholeiitic magmatism preceding the emplacement of alkaline rocks, and the ferrosyenites represent the final product of a closed system fractionation (with Jow fO 2 ) of magma that gave rise to gabbro-anorthosite complexes. The geological setting of the plutons is portrayed and the tectonic significance of the province, especially in its regional context, is highlighted. The feldspathoidal plutons of the province are conspicuously confined to an extremely narrow linear belt which is close to the known basement fracture zone, with which the major Bouguer gravity axis runs in close paralJelism ; this belt lies at the junction between two (granitegreenstone and gneiss-granulite) terrains. The localisation of feldspathoidaI plutons at the western margin of the middle Proterozoic mobile belt and their absence in the cratonic region is significant. The over-all development of the mobile belt is speculated in the light of currently fashionable tectonic models. Crustal shortening and thickening of the mobile belt due to collision tectonics, predate the emplacement of the alkaline plutons; the lithosphere controls the character of the magmatism, and pre-existing abyssal faults determine the location of alkaline magmatism.
The thrust zone of the Ligurian Penninic basal contact (Monte Fronté, Ligurian Alps, Italy)

ABSTRACT This paper presents a geological map and interpretative cross-sections, which illustrate the structure of a major fault zone of the Alps, that is, the Ligurian segment of the Penninic Basal Contact (PBC), which led to the emplacement of the orogenic wedge onto the European crust. Chaotic deposits, whose origin is debated, characterize the footwall of this complex thrust zone. The lower part of the sequence containing chaotic deposits consists of low deformed paraconglomerates and exotic megablocks embedded with turbidites. Conversely, the highly deformed upper part of the sequence englobes fragments of substratum-derived succession and is bounded by thrust planes. The nature of these chaotic deposits suggests an origin by gravitational processes related to the unstable front of the advancing wedge associated with offscraping of tectonic slices during the thrusting of allochtonous nappes along the PBC thrust zone.
Revisiting the Role and Impact of Information Technology Capability

This study is a conceptual replication of Bharadwaj (2000) investigating the impact of IT capability on a firm’s financial performance. The original study demonstrated that firms with superior IT capability will deliver superior financial performance manifested by higher profit ratios and lower cost ratios. However, conflicting findings emerged regarding the relationship between IT capability and a firm’s financial performance (Chae et al., 2014). Furthermore, in the past decade, advancements in statistical analysis, such as panel data modeling techniques that were not used in these past studies have provided more robust analytical techniques to observe patterns over time. Hence, incorporating the conceptual foundations as in prior studies on IT capability (e.g., Bharadwaj, 2000; Santhanam & Hartono, 2003), we re-investigate the impact of IT capability on a firm’s financial performance but do so by using a large longitudinal dataset and leveraging the power of panel data analysis. Our findings are consistent with the results of Bharadwaj (2000), Santhanam and Hartono (2003), and Choi and George (2016), suggesting that IT capability has a significant positive impact on financial performance. Our results do not support the findings of Chae et al. (2014), who found no association between IT capability and financial performance. We discuss the implications of our findings for the continued use of the theoretical framework of IT capability derived from the resource-based view.
Field observations of the vertical distribution of sand transport characteristics over fine, medium and coarse sand surfaces

The vertical distribution of sand transport characteristics is an important issue in aeolian research. Surface characteristics affect sand transport processes, but their effects are not yet fully understood. To provide more data on this subject, we observed sand transport in 16 field experiments above surfaces covered by fine, medium and coarse sand. The sand transport rate over relatively coarser‐grained medium and coarse surfaces could be expressed as a Gaussian peak function: qz = a + b exp (−0.5[(|z – Ch|)/d]e), where qz is the measured sediment transport at height z above the bed and a, b, Ch, d, and e are regression coefficients. The measured sand transport flux peak values (Hh) were linearly related to Ch, and both values were significantly related to the mean surface grain size. However, for the relatively finer‐grained medium and fine sand surfaces, the sediment transport could be expressed as an exponential function. The cumulative sand transport below 0.1 m was directly related to the mean surface grain size, and the relationship could be expressed as the following exponential function: Cz = f + g exp –Mz/i, where Cz is the cumulative sand transport at height z above the bed, Mz is the mean grain size and f, g, and i are regression coefficients. Above 0.1 m, there were no significant relationships between the cumulative sand transport and the mean surface grain size. The mean grain size decreased with increasing height below the peak height and then increased with increasing height. The surface grain size distribution and proportions of the particles in different grain size categories controlled the mean grain size as a function of height. The observed changes in the sand transport rate and grain size with height will provide support for sand disaster mitigation, numerical modelling and studies of dune formation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Influence of Social Emotional Learning and Coping on Teacher Well-Being: An Application of Positive Psychology

: Positive psychology emphasizes well-being leading to a meaningful life with personal development. Teacher’ s well-being (TWB) plays an essential role in quality of teaching and students’ achievements. In this study, the objective was to determine the influence of social and emotional learning and coping as the predictors to TWB among high middle school teachers. Teacher Well-being Scale, SEL Scale for Teacher and Brief COPE and were adopted as instruments for this quantitative research in Yinchuan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to test the hypothesis of the study. Survey data were gathered from 12 school teachers then analyzed by SPSS and Smart-PLS. Findings yielded that teachers’ social and emotional learning (t=4.779, p<0.01) and coping (t=26.356, p<0.01) have positive relationships on the TWB among high middle school teachers in this region.
PETDet: Proposal Enhancement for Two-Stage Fine-Grained Object Detection

Fine-grained object detection (FGOD) extends object detection with the capability of fine-grained recognition. In recent two-stage FGOD methods, the region proposal serves as a crucial link between detection and fine-grained recognition. However, current methods overlook that some proposal-related procedures inherited from general detection are not equally suitable for FGOD, limiting the multitask learning from generation, representation, to utilization. In this article, we present a proposal enhancement for two-stage FGOD (PETDet) to better handle the subtasks in two-stage FGOD methods. First, an anchor-free quality-oriented proposal network (QOPN) is proposed with dynamic label assignment and attention-based decomposition to generate high-quality-oriented proposals. In addition, we present a bilinear channel fusion network (BCFN) to extract independent and discriminative features of the proposals. Furthermore, we designed a novel adaptive recognition loss (ARL) that offers guidance for the region-based convolutional neural networks (R-CNNs) head to focus on high-quality proposals. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of PETDet. Quantitative analysis reveals that PETDet with ResNet50 reaches state-of-the-art performance on various FGOD datasets, including FAIR1M-v1.0 (42.96 AP), FAIR1M-v2.0 (48.81 AP), MAR20 (85.91 AP), and ShipRSImageNet (74.90 AP). The proposed method also achieves superior compatibility between accuracy and inference speed. Our code and models will be released at https://github.com/canoe-Z/PETDet.
A survey of open access barriers to scientific information : Providing an appropriate pattern for scientific communication in Iran

Serial pricing crisis and permission crisis restrict scholars to their scholarly findings. Scientists as a vital component of scholarly communication are losing their control on it. These crises along with library budget cutback interrupted the free flow of scientific information. This case study investigated academics' views of Shiraz University (Iran) on open access publishing and its four channels. Findings showed that In spite of their low familiarity with open access materials 92% of them had positive view on open access movement. 70% of respondents chose open access journal for their publishing model and the second vehicle is self-archiving (62.5%). Majority of academics knew pricing crisis and permission crisis as an obstacle to their scholarly information.
Validation of an algorithm to assess regular and irregular gait using inertial sensors in healthy and stroke individuals

Background Studies using inertial measurement units (IMUs) for gait assessment have shown promising results regarding accuracy of gait event detection and spatiotemporal parameters. However, performance of such algorithms is challenged in irregular walking patterns, such as in individuals with gait deficits. Based on the literature, we developed an algorithm to detect initial contact (IC) and terminal contact (TC) and calculate spatiotemporal gait parameters. We evaluated the validity of this algorithm for regular and irregular gait patterns against a 3D optical motion capture system (OMCS). Methods Twenty healthy participants (aged 59 ± 12 years) and 10 people in the chronic phase after stroke (aged 61 ± 11 years) were equipped with 4 IMUs: on both feet, sternum and lower back (MTw Awinda, Xsens) and 26 reflective makers. Participants walked on an instrumented treadmill for 2 minutes (i) with their preferred stride lengths and (ii) once with irregular stride lengths (±20% deviation) induced by light projected stepping stones. Accuracy of the algorithm was evaluated on stride-by-stride agreement of IC, TC, stride time, length and velocity with OMCS. Bland-Altman-like plots were made for the spatiotemporal parameters, while differences in detection of IC and TC time instances were shown in histogram plots. Performance of the algorithm was compared between regular and irregular gait with a linear mixed model. This was done by comparing the performance in healthy participants in the regular vs irregular walking condition, and by comparing the agreement in healthy participants with stroke participants in the regular walking condition. Results For each condition at least 1,500 strides were included for analysis. Compared to OMCS, IMU-based IC detection in both groups and condition was on average 9–17 (SD ranging from 7 to 35) ms, while IMU-based TC was on average 15–24 (SD ranging from 12 to 35) ms earlier. When comparing regular and irregular gait in healthy participants, the difference between methods was 2.5 ms higher for IC, 3.4 ms lower for TC, 0.3 cm lower for stride length, and 0.4 cm/s higher for stride velocity in the irregular walking condition. No difference was found on stride time. When comparing the differences between methods between healthy and stroke participants, the difference between methods was 7.6 ms lower for IC, 3.8 cm lower for stride length, and 3.4 cm/s lower for stride velocity in stroke participants. No differences were found on differences between methods on TC detection and stride time between stroke and healthy participants. Conclusions Small irrelevant differences were found on gait event detection and spatiotemporal parameters due to irregular walking by imposing irregular stride lengths or pathological (stroke) gait. Furthermore, IMUs seem equally good compared to OMCS to assess gait variability based on stride time, but less accurate based on stride length.
Green mediator for selenium nanoparticles synthesis with antimicrobial activity and plant biostimulant properties under heavy metal stress

Nanotechnology is a valuable strategy for managing a number of medicinal, agricultural, and environmental concerns. Cocculus pendulus was used for selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) synthesis to evaluate their usage for microbial inhibition and to enhance plant resistance to heavy metals. Mono-dispersed, spherical shape, and mean diameter (36.19 nm) of SeNPs were documented. More inhibitory potential was associated with SeNPs with inhibition zones of 38±0.3, 18±0.2, 18±0.1, 31±0.2, and 27±0.1 mm than extract of C. pendulus against B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and C. albicans, respectively. SeNPs had successfully scavenged the free radicals of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) with lower IC50 (inhibitory concentration that inhibit 50% of DPPH) value (10.31 µg/mL) than that of C. pendulus extract (55.54 µg/mL). The effect of C. pendulus extract (200 mg/kg soil) alone or in combination with SeNPs (15 mg/kg soil of SeNPs) as a soil drench on shoot, root lengths, plant pigments, lead and cadmium contents of Corchorus olitorius under lead and cadmium stress (5 mg/L) was investigated. The pigments quantity and plant growth were decreased by cadmium and lead poisoning. Application of C. pendulus extracts or SeNPs decreased the Pb and Cd concentrations and improved the growth and metabolites of Corchorus olitorius plants.
Evaluating Serum Lipid Profiles in Postpartum Pituitary Necrosis Sheehan Syndrome Patients: A Comparative Study

: Background: Sheehan’s syndrome (SS) refers to the occurrence of varying degrees of hypopituitarism after parturition. Hypopituitary adults with growth hormone deficiency have abnormal body composition with increased fat mass. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anthropometric, and lipids in SS patients. Material and Method: sixty - three SS patients and forty - four age and BMI - matched controls took part in this study. All patients were stable on conventional replacement therapy for at least one year before the study. The subjects underwent detailed clinical, biochemical and hormone analysis. Results: The SS patients showed significantly higher mean triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol concentrations on conventional replacement therapy. This difference was statistically significant with a p value of <0.005. The difference was more marked in obese cases versus obese controls (p= 0.007) than in lean cases and controls. Conclusion: We found significant differences in triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL cholesterol levels. These findings highlight the distinct lipid abnormalities in SS patients, emphasizing the need for targeted management strategies in this patient population.
Role of inflammation in determining the severity of COVID-19 infection in patients with diabetes: A comparative study

There is a need to consider the geographical origins when studying the association between COVID-19 and the comorbid conditions. To examine the role of inflammation in determining the severity of COVID-19 among hospitalized patients with diabetes and compare these roles with those who does not have diabetes. A cross sectional comparative design was used with a convenience sample of 352 patients. Samples were collected from hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who were divided into 2 groups (diabetes and non-diabetes). Data regarding results of selected inflammatory markers and sociodemographic were collected. The severity of COVID-19 differed significantly between the diabetes and non-diabetes groups (Chi square = 25.58 P < .05). There was significant difference in the mean scores of neutrophil counts, monocyte count, Basophil count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, partial thromboplastin time, C-creative protein, platelets, white blood cells, and mean cellular hemoglobin center between those with and those without diabetes. The diabetes were shown more increased in the predictors and severity of the COVID-19 disease. However, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil count, and age were the significant predictors of the severity level of COVID-19 among patients with diabetes. In conclusion, our study addressed the influence of having diabetes among hospitalized patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 infection. The results showed that severity of COVID-19 infection was affected by diabetes where those with diabetes had more tendency to suffer from the severe form of the disease rather that the moderate level.
Determination of Bioremediation Potentials and Plant Growth-Promoting Properties of Bacillus Species Isolated from The Rhizosphere of Dactylorhiza urvilleana

Industrial activities have been one of the biggest factors of environmental destruction by affecting natural resources for decades. Heavy metals, which are one of the greatest dangers especially for the biosphere, can be found in industrial waste. Heavy metals that enter agricultural areas through industrial wastewater cause heavy metals to accumulate in the soil after a certain period. These accumulated heavy metals become an important environmental problem, threatening the life of living beings due to their toxic properties. In soils contaminated with wastewater containing heavy metals, microorganism populations are severely damaged in terms of both number and diversity. This heavy metal accumulation in water and soil has become a global health threat. Alternative processes are needed in the fight against heavy metal pollution. Bioremediation activity, defined as the removal process of environmental pollutants through microorganisms and plants, has gained significant importance in recent years. In our study, the tolerance potentials of Bacillus species isolated from the rhizosphere of Dactylorhiza urvilleana (Steudel) Bauman in the Ovit plateau of Rize province to metals (such as copper, lead, zinc, iron and silver) were investigated. In addition, plant growth promoting Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) production, phosphate dissolution, and ACC (1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic acid) deaminase production were determined. It was determined that the isolated Bacillus species had a wide pH growth range and some Bacillus species were salt tolerant. The results showed that Bacillus species have bioremediation potential and plant growth promoting properties. It is thought that the bacteria isolated from the study can be used to make areas with heavy metal pollution suitable for plant cultivation and act as plant growth promoters in these areas. These bacteria strains are planned to be used as cheaper and more effective methods in studies in agriculture or areas with heavy metal pollution.