Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Native American Caregiver–Child Shared Book Reading Interactions: A Descriptive Study and Integrative Review

Purpose: This study included two parts: a descriptive study followed by an integrative review. The purpose of the study was to converge finding from the descriptive study and summarize relevant findings from existent literature to identify potential culturally responsive early language and literacy intervention strategies for Native American caregivers and their children. Method: This study included a nonexperimental descriptive design and integrative review. The descriptive study analyzed the language behaviors and shared book interactions of Native American caregivers with their young children (N = 21) and included results from a caregiver teaching questionnaire. The integrative review evaluated relevant literature and identified strategies that were described in these sources. These findings were combined with the descriptive study findings to identify promising culturally consistent language and literacy strategies. Results: Caregivers' shared book behaviors were associated with caregivers' vocabulary usage and children's shared book behaviors. Caregivers reported a number of language and teaching strategies they frequently employed; this information was integrated with other sources to identify promising approaches. A total of 20 potential strategies were identified. Conclusions: The purpose of this study was to describe potential early language and literacy strategies for Native American families. It would be impossible to develop early language interventions to meet the needs of all Native American families and children; thus, this study is a preliminary step in identifying strategies that may be culturally responsive for some families. The integrative review supported the use of shared book reading with young Native American children. Promising language and early literacy strategies included play-based strategies, teaching new words, questioning strategies, using descriptive language, and other language and interaction enhancements. The effectiveness of these strategies should be further evaluated in future research or treatment studies.
Partnership and fertility trajectories of immigrants and descendants in the United Kingdom: A multilevel multistate event history approach

We study the interrelationships between partnership and fertility trajectories of immigrant women and female descendants of immigrants using the UK Household Longitudinal Study. We propose a novel multistate event history approach to analyse the outcomes of unpartnered, cohabiting, and married women. We find that the partnership and fertility behaviours of immigrants and descendants from European and Western countries are similar to those of native women: many cohabit first and then have children and/or marry. Those from countries with conservative family behaviours (e.g. South Asian countries) marry first and then have children. Women from the Caribbean show the weakest link between partnership changes and fertility: some have births outside unions; some form a union and have children thereafter. Family patterns have remained relatively stable across migrant generations and birth cohorts, although marriage is being postponed in all groups. Our findings on immigrants support the socialization hypothesis, whereas those on descendants are in line with the minority subculture hypothesis.
Detecting the Second Mesiobuccal Canal in Maxillary Molars in a Saudi Arabian Population: A Micro-CT Study

The aim of this study was to determine MB2 canal detectability in maxillary first and second molars obtained from a Saudi population using micro-CT. Maxillary first (n = 35) and second (n = 30) molars were scanned with micro-CT technology. The number of canals was recorded, and in case of having more than one canal, the level of extracanal detection was analyzed. The presence of extracanal was categorized based on the level they were first detected. Among the maxillary first molars, 28 (80%) and six (17%) teeth had two and three MB canals, respectively. Among the maxillary second molars, 24 (80%) and four (13%) teeth had two and three MB canals, respectively. The MB2 canal was detected at the chamber floor in 70% and 61% of the maxillary first and second molars, respectively. At 1 mm depth, the MB2 canal was found in 15% and 18% of the maxillary first and second molars, respectively. At 2 mm depth, the MB2 canal was found in 3% and 18% of the maxillary first and second molars, respectively. The remaining teeth had the MB2 canal at levels deeper than 2 mm. The MB2 canal was detected in 97% and 93%% of maxillary first and second molars, respectively. Among them, the MB2 canal could be immediately detected in 70% and 61% of the maxillary first and second molars, respectively, once the pulp chamber is exposed. However, the rest of the MB2 were observed at deeper levels in the root and this requires troughing preparation in the chamber floor.
Lectin‐based phototherapy targeting cell surface glycans for pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is resistant to current treatments but lectin‐based therapy targeting cell surface glycans could be a promising new horizon. Here, we report a novel lectin‐based phototherapy (Lec‐PT) that combines the PDAC targeting ability of rBC2LCN lectin to a photoabsorber, IRDye700DX (rBC2‐IR700), resulting in a novel and highly specific near‐infrared, light‐activated, anti‐PDAC therapy. Lec‐PT cytotoxicity was first verified in vitro with a human PDAC cell line, Capan‐1, indicating that rBC2‐IR700 is only cytotoxic upon cellular binding and exposure to near‐infrared light. The therapeutic efficacy of Lec‐PT was subsequently verified in vivo using cell lines and patient‐derived, subcutaneous xenografting into nude mice. Significant accumulation of rBC2‐IR700 occurs as early as 2 hours postintravenous administration while cytotoxicity is only achieved upon exposure to near‐infrared light. Repeated treatments further slowed tumor growth. Lec‐PT was also assessed for off‐target toxicity in the orthotopic xenograft model. Shielding of intraperitoneal organs from near‐infrared light minimized off‐target toxicity. Using readily available components, Lec‐PT specifically targeted pancreatic cancer with high reproducibility and on‐target, inducible toxicity. Rapid clinical development of this method is promising as a new modality for treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Immunoexpression of p53 mutant-type in Iranian patients with primary and recurrence oral squamous cell carcinoma

Mutations in tumor suppressor p53 protein can occur at different phases of malignant transformation and affect the patient's prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of mutant p53 protein in Iranian patients with the primary and recurrence oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This retrospective cross-sectional study conducted on a group of patients with the primary OSCC (n=122) and the control subjects with oral noncancerous reactive lesions (n=80). Immunohistochemistry was performed with the DO-7 monoclonal antibody against p53 protein, and samples with ≥10% immunostaining were considered positive. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS. Positive staining for p53 was observed in none of the control subjects and 57.4% (70 of 122) of the primary OSCC patients (p<0.0001, OR=107.69, 95%CI=6.49-179.0). The p53 immunopositivity had no significant differences between males and females (54.2% vs. 62%, p=0.390), but significantly different between those aged below and over 50 years (p<0.0001, OR=4.52, 95%CI=1.07-12.05). During follow-up, OSCC recurrence occurred in 104 patients, but the phenotype of the mutant p53 protein in patients who relapsed was the same as in matched primary tumors (p=0.763). Risk of recurrence had no significant differences between p53-positive and p53-negative cases (p=0.953), males and females (p=0.263), and age below and over 50 years (p=0.223). Despite its confirmed diagnostic value, the immunoexpression of the p53 mutant protein in OSCC in cancer recurrence was the same as in the primary tumor. However, further studies with a larger sample size and longer follow-up are needed to confirm or change our conclusions.
Globally convergent methods for n-dimensional multiextremal optimization

A general class of n-dimensional direct (derivative-free) optimization procedures is introduced for solving multiextremal mathematical programming problems. For the case of minimizing a Lipschitz-continuous objective function on an n-dimensional interval, sufficient global convergence conditions are formulated and an efficiency estimate is given. Finally, some numerical aspects of the presented theoretical framework are summarized.
Biomechanical Properties of Novel Lateral Hole Pedicle Screws and Solid Pedicle Screws: A Comparative Study in the Beagle Dogs

Although pedicle screws are widely used to reconstruct the stability of the spine, screw loosening is a common complication after spine surgery. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether the application of the hollow lateral hole structure had the potential to improve the stability of the pedicle screw by comparing the biomechanical properties of the novel lateral hole pedicle screws (LHPSs) with those of the solid pedicle screws (SPSs) in beagle dogs.
Contextual and individual factors associated with self-reported tooth loss among adults and elderly residents in rural riverside areas: A cross-sectional household-based survey

Background Tooth loss is an oral health condition with high prevalence and negative impact on quality of life. It is the result of the history of oral diseases and their treatment as well as provision of dental care and access to dental services. Socioeconomic characteristics are determinants of tooth loss and living in rural areas is also a risk factor for its incidence. Objective To identify contextual and individual factors associated with self-reported tooth loss among adults and elderly people living in rural riverside areas. Methods A cross-sectional household-based survey was conducted in 2019 with rural riverside communities on the left bank of the Rio Negro River, Manaus, Amazonas. These communities are covered by a fluvial health team and two riverside health teams. Interviews were conducted in a representative random sample of dwellers aged ≥ 18 years, using electronic forms to obtain information on oral health conditions, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and use of and access to health services. The outcome was self-reported tooth loss. After the descriptive analysis of the data, a multilevel Poisson regression analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence ratio for the outcome. Variables with p-value ≤0.20 in the bivariate analyses were included in the multiple analysis considering the hierarchy between individual and contextual variables in the multilevel model. Variables with p-value ≤0.10 were kept in the final model and the significance level adopted was 0.05. Results 603 individuals from 357 households were assessed (mean age 44.1 years). The average number of missing teeth was 11.2 (±11.6); 27.4% of individuals had lost more than 20 teeth (non-functional dentition) and 12.1% were completely edentulous. Contextual characteristic of primary healthcare offered was associated with the outcome. The tooth loss was lower in territories covered by riverside health teams. At individual level, tooth loss was greater in older individuals who had experienced dental pain over the past six months and whose sugar consumption was high. Black or brown individuals, individuals whose household income was higher, those who were on the Bolsa Família cash transfer program, those who consulted a dentist over the past year, and those who reported satisfaction with their teeth/oral health reported less tooth loss. Conclusion Tooth loss was associated with contextual territorial factors related to the healthcare service and individual demographic, behavioral, socioeconomic, and service-related characteristics as well as self-perceived oral health conditions. The findings suggest that actions focused on the oral health of these populations involve not only changes in the healthcare service organization, but also intersectoral policies that contribute to reducing social inequalities.
Metamaterials for ballistic electrons

This article presents a metamaterial for ballistic electrons, which consists of a quantum barrier formed in a semiconductor with negative effective electron mass. This barrier is the analog of a metamaterial for electromagnetic waves in media with negative electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability. Besides applications similar to those of optical metamaterials, a nanosized slab of a metamaterial for ballistic electrons, sandwiched between quantum wells of positive effective mass materials, reveals unexpected conduction properties, e.g., single or multiple room temperature negative differential conductance regions at very low voltages and with considerable peak-to-valley ratios, while the traversal time of ballistic electrons can be tuned to larger or smaller values than in the absence of the metamaterial slab. Thus, slow and fast electrons, analogous to slow and fast light, occur in metamaterials for ballistic electrons.
Coreference Resolution through a seq2seq Transition-Based System

Most recent coreference resolution systems use search algorithms over possible spans to identify mentions and resolve coreference. We instead present a coreference resolution system that uses a text-to-text (seq2seq) paradigm to predict mentions and links jointly. We implement the coreference system as a transition system and use multilingual T5 as an underlying language model. We obtain state-of-the-art accuracy on the CoNLL-2012 datasets with 83.3 F1-score for English (a 2.3 higher F1-score than previous work [Dobrovolskii, 2021]) using only CoNLL data for training, 68.5 F1-score for Arabic (+4.1 higher than previous work), and 74.3 F1-score for Chinese (+5.3). In addition we use the SemEval-2010 data sets for experiments in the zero-shot setting, a few-shot setting, and supervised setting using all available training data. We obtain substantially higher zero-shot F1-scores for 3 out of 4 languages than previous approaches and significantly exceed previous supervised state-of-the-art results for all five tested languages. We provide the code and models as open source.1
Vacuum solution within a metric-affine bumblebee gravity

We consider a metric-affine extension to the gravitational sector of the Standard-Model Extension for the Lorentz-violating coefficients $u$ and $s^{\mu\nu}$. The general results, which are applied to a specific model called metric--affine bumblebee gravity, are obtained. A Schwarzschild-like solution, incorporating effects of the Lorentz symmetry breaking through coefficient $X=\xi b^2$, is found. Furthermore, a complete study of the geodesics trajectories of particles has been accomplished in this background, emphasizing the departure from general relativity. We also compute the advance of Mercury's perihelion and the deflection of light within the context of the weak field approximation, and we verify that there exist two new contributions ascribed to the Lorentz symmetry breaking. As a phenomenological application, we compare our theoretical results with observational data in order to estimate the coefficient $X$.
A precise computation of drag coefficients of a sphere

We present a computational method for drag coefficients of axisymmetric bodies. It is a kind of consistent flux method but the introduction of a proper test function enables us to establish an error estimate under some assumption. Applying the method, we obtain drag coefficients of a sphere for Reynolds numbers between 10 and 200, which are found between numerical upper and lower bounds.
SRTGAN: Triplet Loss based Generative Adversarial Network for Real-World Super-Resolution

Many applications such as forensics, surveillance, satellite imaging, medical imaging, etc., demand High-Resolution (HR) images. However, obtaining an HR image is not always possible due to the limitations of optical sensors and their costs. An alternative solution called Single Image Super-Resolution (SISR) is a software-driven approach that aims to take a Low-Resolution (LR) image and obtain the HR image. Most supervised SISR solutions use ground truth HR image as a target and do not include the information provided in the LR image, which could be valuable. In this work, we introduce Triplet Loss-based Generative Adversarial Network hereafter referred as SRTGAN for Image Super-Resolution problem on real-world degradation. We introduce a new triplet-based adversarial loss function that exploits the information provided in the LR image by using it as a negative sample. Allowing the patch-based discriminator with access to both HR and LR images optimizes to better differentiate between HR and LR images; hence, improving the adversary. Further, we propose to fuse the adversarial loss, content loss, perceptual loss, and quality loss to obtain Super-Resolution (SR) image with high perceptual fidelity. We validate the superior performance of the proposed method over the other existing methods on the RealSR dataset in terms of quantitative and qualitative metrics.
Cool, Luminous, and Highly Variable Stars in the Magellanic Clouds. II. Spectroscopic and Environmental Analysis of Thorne–Żytkow Object and Super-AGB Star Candidates

In previous work, we identified a population of 38 cool and luminous variable stars in the Magellanic Clouds and examined 11 in detail in order to classify them as either Thorne–Żytkow objects (TŻOs; red supergiants with a neutron star cores) or super-asymptotic giant branch (sAGB) stars (the most massive stars that will not undergo core collapse). This population includes HV 2112, a peculiar star previously considered in other works to be either a TŻO or high-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star. Here we continue this investigation, using the kinematic and radio environments and local star formation history of these stars to place constraints on the age of the progenitor systems and the presence of past supernovae. These stars are not associated with regions of recent star formation, and we find no evidence of past supernovae at their locations. Finally, we also assess the presence of heavy elements and lithium in their spectra compared to red supergiants. We find strong absorption in Li and s-process elements compared to RSGs in most of the sample, consistent with sAGB nucleosynthesis, while HV 2112 shows additional strong lines associated with TŻO nucleosynthesis. Coupled with our previous mass estimates, the results are consistent with the stars being massive (∼4–6.5 M ⊙) or sAGB (∼6.5–12 M ⊙) stars in the thermally pulsing phase, providing crucial observations of the transition between low- and high-mass stellar populations. HV 2112 is more ambiguous; it could either be a maximally massive sAGB star, or a TŻO if the minimum mass for stability extends down to ≲13 M ⊙.
Value-based CTDE Methods in Symmetric Two-team Markov Game: from Cooperation to Team Competition

In this paper, we identify the best learning scenario to train a team of agents to compete against multiple possible strategies of opposing teams. We evaluate cooperative value-based methods in a mixed cooperative-competitive environment. We restrict ourselves to the case of a symmetric, partially observable, two-team Markov game. We selected three training methods based on the centralised training and decentralised execution (CTDE) paradigm: QMIX, MAVEN and QVMix. For each method, we considered three learning scenarios differentiated by the variety of team policies encountered during training. For our experiments, we modiﬁed the StarCraft Multi-Agent Challenge environment to create competitive environments where both teams could learn and compete simultaneously. Our results suggest that training against multiple evolving strategies achieves the best results when, for scoring their performances, teams are faced with several strategies.
The Euclidean Space is Evil: Hyperbolic Attribute Editing for Few-shot Image Generation

Few-shot image generation is a challenging task since it aims to generate diverse new images for an unseen category with only a few images. Existing methods suffer from the trade-off between the quality and diversity of generated images. To tackle this problem, we propose Hyperbolic Attribute Editing (HAE), a simple yet effective method. Unlike other methods that work in Euclidean space, HAE captures the hierarchy among images using data from seen categories in hyperbolic space. Given a well-trained HAE, images of unseen categories can be generated by moving the latent code of a given image toward any meaningful directions in the Poincaré disk with a fixing radius. Most importantly, the hyperbolic space allows us to control the semantic diversity of the generated images by setting different radii in the disk. Extensive experiments and visualizations demonstrate that HAE is capable of not only generating images with promising quality and diversity using limited data but achieving a highly controllable and interpretable editing process. Code is available at https://github.com/lingxiao-li/HAE.
Perturbation of the Boundary in Boundary-Value Problems of Partial Differential Equations

Introduction 1. Geometrical preliminaries 2. Differential calculus of boundary perturbations 3. Examples using the implicit function theorem 4. Bifurcation problems 5. The transversality theorem 6. Generic perturbation of the boundary 7. Boundary operators for second-order elliptic equations 8. The method of rapidly-oscillating solutions.
Analysis of the DoIP Protocol for Security Vulnerabilities

DoIP, which is defined in ISO 13400, is a transport protocol stack for diagnostic data. Diagnostic data is a potential attack vector at vehicles, so secure transmission must be guaranteed to protect sensitive data and the vehicle. Previous work analyzed a draft version and earlier versions of the DoIP protocol without tls. No formal analysis exists for the DoIP protocol. The goal of this work is to investigate the DoIP protocol for design flaws that may lead to security vulnerabilities and possible attacks to exploit them. For this purpose, we deductively analyze the DoIP protocol in a first step and subsequently confirm our conclusions formally. For the formal analysis, we use the prover Tamarin. Based on the results, we propose countermeasures to improve the DoIP’s security. We show that the DoIP protocol cannot be considered secure mainly because the security mechanisms tls and client authentication in the DoIP protocol are not mandatory. We propose measures to mitigate the vulnerabilities that we confirm to remain after activating tls. These require only a minor redesign of the protocol.
Learnable Graph Convolutional Attention Networks

Existing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) compute the message exchange between nodes by either aggregating uniformly (convolving) the features of all the neighboring nodes, or by applying a non-uniform score (attending) to the features. Recent works have shown the strengths and weaknesses of the resulting GNN architectures, respectively, GCNs and GATs. In this work, we aim at exploiting the strengths of both approaches to their full extent. To this end, we first introduce the graph convolutional attention layer (CAT), which relies on convolutions to compute the attention scores. Unfortunately, as in the case of GCNs and GATs, we show that there exists no clear winner between the three (neither theoretically nor in practice) as their performance directly depends on the nature of the data (i.e., of the graph and features). This result brings us to the main contribution of our work, the learnable graph convolutional attention network (L-CAT): a GNN architecture that automatically interpolates between GCN, GAT and CAT in each layer, by adding only two scalar parameters. Our results demonstrate that L-CAT is able to efficiently combine different GNN layers along the network, outperforming competing methods in a wide range of datasets, and resulting in a more robust model that reduces the need of cross-validating.