Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxidation and the structure of the silicon/oxide interface

Abstract We propose that, in the oxidation of silicon a thin layer of a distinct ‘reactive’ oxide separates the silicon from the amorphous silica. This reactive layer is stabilized by stress generated with the underlying silicon during oxidation at the interface. Our hypothesis resolves some apparent anomalies in recent oxidation studies using oxygen isotopes, and integrates observations of microcrystallinity early in an oxidation process, and pulsed-laser atom probe analyses of intermediate layers at later stages in the oxide growth, into a consistent picture of the mechanism of the early stages of thermal oxidation.
On the combinatorial part of the UNIFAC and UNIQUAC models

The excess Cibbs energy of liquid mixtures may be predicted using group contribution models (f.ex. UNIFAC and ASOG), or it may be correlated using molecular models such as UNIQUAC. Group contribution models and the UNIQUAC model contain a combinatorial contribution which accounts for size- and shape-effects and a residual contribution which accounts for interactions among groups or molecules. A new expression for the combinatorial contribution is given which yields much improved predictions of the excess Gibbs energy of systems where the residual contribution may be expected to be zero (e.g., mixtures of aliphatic hydrocarbons). It is shown that it is advantageous to incorporate the new combinational expression into future modifications of the UNIFAC model. On peut prevoir 1 energie d exces de Gibbs, dans le cas de melanges liquides, en employant des modeles de contribution de groupes (tels que UNIFAC et ASOG); on peut aussi etablir des correlations avec celle-ci au moyen de modeles moleculaires tels que UNIQUAC. Les modeles de contribution de groupes et le modele UNIQUAC impliquent une contribution com-binatoire, qui represente les effets des dimensions et de la forme, et une contribution residuelle qui represente les interactions entre les groupements ou les molecules. On presente une nouvelle expression relative a la contribution combinatoire, qui fournit des previsions bien meilleures de l'energie d'exces de Gibbs pour les systemes dans les quels on peut s'attendre a ce que la contribution residuelle soit nulle (exemple: melanges d'hydrocarbures aliphatiques). On demontre qu'il serait avantageux d'introduire la nouvelle expression combinatoire dans les modifications futures du modele UNIFAC.
Isobaric Vapor−Liquid Equilibria for 1-Propanol + Water + 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Trifluoromethanesulfonate at 100 kPa

Isobaric vapor−liquid equilibria for the binary systems 1-propanol + water, 1-propanol + 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([emim][triflate]), and water + [emim][triflate] as well as the vapor−liquid equilibria for the 1-propanol + water + [emim][triflate] ternary system have been obtained at 100 kPa using a recirculating still. Electrolyte NRTL fitting parameters for the 1-propanol + water and water + [emim][triflate] systems were calculated. The measured ternary data were correlated using Mock’s electrolyte NRTL model which reproduces reasonably well the experimental values. The results show that the addition of [emim][triflate] to 1-propanol + water produced an important salting-out effect, and the model predicts that at 100 kPa the azeotrope disappears when the mole fraction of ionic liquid in the liquid phase is greater than 0.34.
Natural Convection Experiment with Liquid NaK under Transverse Magnetic Field

The effect of a magnetic field on laminar natural convection of liquid metal was studied experimentally using NaK as conducting fluid. The magnetic field was imposed horizontally and parallel to a uniformly heated vertical plate, to act perpendicularly across the convective flow. In a low magnetic field, the temperature profile across the layer of flowing fluid acquired an η-shaped profile characterized by a valley close to the wall and a peak further away, which had the effect of raising heat transfer rate above that obtained in the absence of magnetic field. When the magnetic field was intensified, its braking effect on the flow approached the temperature profile to the case of pure heat conduction through solid, to result in dwindling heat transfer rate.
Designing and Using Geometry Case Studies in the Last Grade at Secondary Schools by Integrated Teaching Method in Vietnam

The objective of the study to evaluate the effectiveness of lectures designed and applied integrated teaching methods for geometry in grade 9. We conducted research with 10 teachers and 154 students in both experimental and control classes (Grade 9). The tools used include: integrated lesson plans that are selected for the topic (circle) and taught in a period of 3 weeks. Firstly, we designed integrated teaching case studies through two examples, followed by a specific example that will guide teachers to integrate Mathematics in Grade 9. To evaluate research results, we used a carefully designed Rubric to evaluate the teacher's Math teaching process; SPSS version 20 software helps us compare students' Math learning results between experimental and control classes. We have found that there is a significant increase in students' Math performance in terms of how they perceive knowledge, apply knowledge to solve life situations, narrow the gap between math and life situations, increase motivation and increase student flexibility in problem solving.
Plasma p tau 181 are associated with white matter microstructural changes in Alzheimer’s disease

Fardin Nabizadeh (  fardinnabizade1378@gmail.com ) Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Universal Scienti c Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran Seyed Behnamedin Jameie Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Saghar Khani Iran university of Medical science Aida Rezaei School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Niloofar Deravi Student Research committee, School of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Children explain in‐ and out‐group behavior differently

Decades of research on adults’ inter-group attitudes document that people tend to favor in-groups over outgroups (Allport, 1954; Tajfel, 1982). In fact, many inter-group biases originally investigated in adults, have also been documented in children. From preschool-age, children reliably prefer in-groups over out-groups, more readily associate their in-groups with positive attributes, and do so even in cases where group membership is established on arbitrary grounds, such as the color of clothing (Aboud, 2003; Benozio & Diesendruck, 2015; Bigler et al., 1997). Work in adult social psychology indicates that a potential foundation for inter-group attitudinal biases relates to difference in behavioral attribution and explanation. For instance, out-group members’ behaviors are more often Received: 24 June 2020 | Revised: 25 November 2020 | Accepted: 25 November 2020 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12499
Mathematical modeling of supercritical extraction of sage oil

Modeling of supercritical CO{sub 2} extraction of essential oils from leaves was studied using sage at 90 bar (9 MPa) and 50 C. The fractional separation of the extracts enabled essential oil to be obtained. Four mean sage particle sizes ranging from 0.25 to 3.10 mm were tested. The model proposed was based on differential mass balances performed along the extraction bed. Experimental data suggest that the internal mass transfer was the controlling stage for the extraction process. Different hypotheses were tested on vegetable matter geometry, and their incidence on the model performance was evaluated. The particle shape proved to be a key factor in fitting experimental results, which were fairly good when the conventional spherical geometry was replaced by a realistic slab geometry. Diffusivity of the solute in the solid matrix was used as the only adjustable parameter of the model; its best fit value was 6.0 {times} 10{sup {minus}13} m{sup 2}/s. The effect of the introduction of particle-size distribution into calculations was also tested. To verify if the external mass-transfer mechanisms influence the extraction process, experiments at two different CO{sub 2} flow rates were also performed. Simplified models were also considered, and the extent of approximations was evaluated.
Leaf Nutrients and Yields of Irrigated Peanut in the Southern High Plains: Influence of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Zinc Fertilizer

Abstract Fertilizer response studies for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the semi-arid, alkaline soil regions of the western United States have been few. Peanut in the Southern High Plains is a relatively new crop and soil test–fertilizer response information is needed. A three-year factorial study was conducted of irrigated peanut with one rate of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and zinc (Zn) fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer response was observed in only one of three years, and may have been related to herbicide injury. No response to P or Zn fertilizer was observed, despite below critical soil test P in all three years, and below critical soil Zn in one year. Leaf N, P, and potassium (K) at mid bloom or mid pegging responded inconsistently to fertilizer additions. However, leaf P was correlated with peanut yields in two of three years. In-season multispectral reflectance responded occasionally to fertilizer applications. Chlorophyll meter readings were positively affected by N in 2000 and 2001, and by P in 2001. In these same instances, chlorophyll meter readings were correlated with leaf N and P. This study demonstrates that fertilizer response in peanut is hard to document in the Southern Plains, and that more research is needed with this crop.
Psychological Contract, Employee Engagement and Employee Performance

Employees’ performance is a critical element of the overall organizational performance in high performing companies, so its management is vital. Globalised economies have increased competition for organizations, so managers are under enormous pressure to improve performance and remain ahead of competitors. This paper looks at factors that improve the likelihood of organizations attaining peak performance. The paper examines the mediation effect of employee engagement on the relationship between employer obligations, employee obligations and state of the psychological contract and; employee performance. Due to different conceptualization of the psychological contract concept, this paper examines the concept from employer obligations, employee obligations and state of the psychological contract. The paper concludes that employee engagement assumes a critical precursor role to employee performance at the workplace.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Thyroid Masses with Pathologic Correlation

Introduction: Thyroid gland is easily accessible to both clinical and radiological examinations. The thyroidmasses must be diagnosed and managed as early as possible to rule out malignancy. Thyroid masses aretypically found on physical examination or incidentally when other imaging studies are performed.Objectives: Evaluation of the clinical profile of thyroid masses with ultrasonography (UGC) of the patienthaving thyroid lesions with pathologic correlation.Materials and Method: This prospective study was a cross-sectional descriptive one, which was conductedover the 50 subjects with thyroid masses detected on USG, were further evaluated with Fine-needleAspiration Cytology (FNAC) and Histopathological Examination (HPE). The USG features such as internalcomposition, echotexture, shape, margins, presence or absence of peripheral halo, calcification and internalvascularity were correlated with the final diagnosis. The collected data were subjected to a statistical analysiswhich was performed using a Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. Descriptive statistical method were computed, and the statistical significance was tested by chi-square testand student’s t-test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Ethical clearance wastaken from ethics committee (H). Results: In USG diagnosis, goitre is the most common benign lesion in 63% followed by benign cyst 16%. Follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma 1 case of each variety was alsodetected at USG. Cytological examination of 50 cases, 44 (88%) cases revealed benign nature of thyroidswelling and 6 (12%) cases as malignant. The malignant thyroid cases diagnosed clinically and cytologically.Conclusion: USG and FNAC with HPE are the primary diagnostic modalities a surgeon utilizes to determinethe extent of thyroid surgery.
Prevalencia de cinco virus de ARN en tubérculos-semilla de papa cultivados en Antioquia (Colombia)

La papa (Solanum tuberosum) es uno de los productos agrícolas con mayor demanda interna en Colombia. Este cultivo es afectado por un complejo de virus que reduce los rendimientos y la calidad de los tubérculos-semilla. En este trabajo se evaluó la prevalencia de cinco virus de ARN (PVY, PVS, PVX, PLRV y PYVV) en brotes de tubérculos-semilla de origen comercial (TC) y no-comercial (TNC) y en sus plantas derivadas, utilizando RT-PCR en tiempo real. Los resultados evidenciaron altos niveles de infección de los cinco virus en el material de siembra e infecciones mixtas hasta con cuatro virus en los tubérculos comerciales. PVY (74%) y PVS (36%) presentaron los mayores niveles de prevalencia en plantas derivadas de tubérculos-semilla. La combinación PVY+PLRV presentó el mayor nivel de prevalencia en tubérculos-semilla TC (24%), mientras que en TNC las combinaciones PVY+PYVV+PVS y PVY+PVS+PLRV se presentaron en 10% de las muestras. La afinidad filogenética de los virus detectados se evaluó mediante secuenciación Sanger de amplicones de cápside, agrupándose en subclados previamente identificados sobre solanáceas en Colombia. Estos resultados señalan la necesidad de tomar acciones urgentes que permitan mejorar los niveles de sanidad viral de los materiales de siembra de papa cultivados en el país.
Deep learning for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma prognostication based on pre- and post-treatment MRI

PURPOSE We aimed to predict the prognosis of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (stage Ⅲ-Ⅳa) using Pre- and Post-treatment MR images based on deep learning (DL). METHODS A total of 206 patients with primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma who were diagnosed and treated at the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between June 2012 and January 2018 were retrospectively selected. A rectangular region of interest (ROI), which included the tumor area, surrounding tissues and organs, was delineated on each Pre- and Post-treatment MR image. Two Inception-Resnet-V2 based transfer learning models, named Pre-model and Post-model, were trained with the Pre-treatment images and the Post-treatment images, respectively. In addition, an ensemble learning model based on the Pre-model and Post-models was established. The three established models were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), confusion matrix, and Harrell's concordance indices (C-index). High-risk-related gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) images were developed according to the DL models. RESULTS The Pre-model, Post-model, and ensemble model displayed a C-index of 0.717 (95% CI: 0.639 to 0.795), 0.811 (95% CI: 0.745-0.877), 0.830 (95% CI: 0.767-0.893), and AUC of 0.741 (95% CI: 0.584-0.900), 0.806 (95% CI: 0.670-0.942), and 0.842 (95% CI: 0.718-0.967) for the test cohort, respectively. In comparison with the models, the performance of Post-model was better than the performance of Pre-model, which indicated the importance of Post-treatment images for prognosis prediction. All three DL models performed better than the TNM staging system (0.723, 95% CI: 0.567-0.879). The captured features presented on Grad-CAM images suggested that the areas around the tumor and lymph nodes were related to the prognosis of the tumor. CONCLUSIONS The three established DL models based on Pre- and Post-treatment MR images have a better performance than TNM staging. Post-treatment MR images are of great significance for prognosis prediction and could contribute to clinical decision-making.
A novel framework for quality of service aware vertical handover process in heterogeneous wireless networks

The evolution of wireless communication technology and the growing number of mobile users with various applications together have formed a heterogeneous environment of wireless communication networks with real-time availability and high bandwidth preferences. Everyone in the world wants consistent mobility to connect seamlessly to the best available network anytime and anywhere. Therefore, an efficient and Quality of Service (QoS) aware Vertical Handover (VHO) techniques are needed when the mobile connections have to switch from one network to another network to provide effective mobility performance, seamless connectivity, and high availability of connections. Applying efficient VHO process in a heterogeneous wireless network is still a big topic of interest in research field. It has been observed that existing handover techniques are not much capable of providing user preference and QoS aware mobile communication and network selection process. This problem incorporates various unwanted factors such as communication delay, inconsistent mobility, security towards the communication process. This paper discusses various existing research works that have been carried out to improve the VHO process to boost overall communication performance and to raise QoS of wireless mobile communications in the heterogeneousnetworks.
Possible dominance of the Maki–Thompson process in the fluctuation conductivity of Bi-2212 superconducting whiskers

We report the measurement of the a-axis fluctuation conductivity in zero field for Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x microcrystals. A complete geometrical characterization allows us to determine the absolute value of the excess conductivity and its temperature behaviour with high accuracy. A careful application of the complete fluctuation theory (Varlamov et al 1999 Adv. Phys. 48 655), which implements a minor correction for the factor and a suitable procedure for disentangling the influence of the different fit parameters, shows that data interpretations excluding the Maki–Thompson (MT) process are either not consistent with the crystal structure or not self-consistent. On the other hand, a data interpretation including the MT process appears to be both self-consistent and consistent with experimental measurements of the electron dephasing time τϕ performed in other metallic or semiconducting systems. According to the latter scheme, the anomalous MT term could be a very important contribution to the excess conductivity throughout the temperature range of interest and thus the s-wave symmetry becomes an important component of the order parameter above Tc.
Recent Amplified Global Gross Primary Productivity Due to Temperature Increase Is Offset by Reduced Productivity Due to Water Constraints

Satellite remote sensing observations show an increased greenness trend over land in recent decades. While greenness observations can indicate increased productivity, estimation of total annual productivity is highly dependent on vegetation response to climate and environmental conditions. Models have been struggling to determine how much carbon is taken up by plants as a result of increased atmospheric CO2 fertilization. Current remote sensing light use efficiency (LUE) models contain considerable uncertainty due to the lack of spatial and temporal variability in maximum LUE parameter and climate sensitivity defined for global plant functional types (PFTs). We used the optimum LUE (LUEopt) previously derived from the global FLUXNET network to improve estimation of global gross primary productivity (GPP) for the period 1982–2016. Our results indicate increasing GPP in northern latitudes owing to reduced cold temperature constraints on plant growth, thereby suggesting increasing negative carbon‐climate feedback in high latitudes. In the tropics, by contrast, our results indicate an emerging positive climate feedback, mainly due to increasing atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Further pervasive VPD increase is likely to continue to reduce global GPP and amplify carbon emissions.
Effect of Soluble Solids Concentration and Temperature on Thermo-Physical and Rheological Properties of Mango Puree

Thermo-physical and rheological properties of mango pulp were evaluated at different temperatures (20, 40, 60, and 80°C) and total soluble solids concentrations (15, 20, 32, and 40°Brix). Thermal properties were primarily dependent on the moisture content of the sample, and increased with temperature and decreased with soluble solids concentrations. Density showed a reverse trend. Glass transition temperatures increased with an increase in soluble solids concentrations indicating better stability. Empirical models developed for each thermal property as a function of temperature and soluble solids concentrations (R2 > 0.90) generally showed better predictions than published models. Mango puree exhibited pseudo-plastic behavior during steady shear measurements, and the power law model well described their flow behavior. Consistency coefficient increased with soluble solids concentrations and decreased with temperature. The flow behavior index ranged between 0.27 and 0.38 but did not show a clear trend either with soluble solids concentrations or temperature. Small amplitude oscillatory shear measurements revealed that mango puree behaved like a weak gel and demonstrated visco-elastic properties.
Characterization of Old And Recent Durum Wheat [Triticum turgidum (L.) Tell. convar. Durum (Desf.) Mackey] Varieties Assessed under South Mediterranean Conditions

This work reports on the characterization of 58 old and modern durum wheat grown under south Mediterranean conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design at two locations (ITGC-AES of Setif and Khroub, Algeria) and during the 2015/16 and 2016/17 cropping seasons. The results indicated that, averaged across seasons and locations, modern varieties outperformed the old ones in terms of grain yield, spike number, spike weight, number of kernels per square meter, harvest index, spike fertility and stay green. Old varieties outperformed the modern ones in terms of straw yield, lateness, tallness and flag leaf area. Modern varieties were stress tolerant and more responsive to improved growth conditions, showing agronomic stability type. Old varieties were characterized by a minimal responsiveness to improved environmental conditions, stress tolerance, and biological stability type. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and path analyses indicated that, in both sources of germoplasm, the strong influence of biomass, spike number, spike fertility and harvest index on grain yield. Physiological traits had negligible direct effects and small indirect effects via biomass, spike number and harvest index. Principal component analysis revealed that the old varieties are genetically far from the improved ones suggesting that old varieties represent an important gene pool for important traits among which plant height and straw yield. Differences between both sources of germoplasm are suggested to be used usefully in breeding to enhance yield potential, stability and resilience to changing climate of the future varieties.