Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taeniopteris novomundensis sp. nov. — "cycadophyte" foliage from the Carnian of Switzerland and Svalbard reconsidered: How to use Taeniopteris?

Recent findings of Taeniopteris-like foliage from the Carnian of Hopen, Svalbard, necessitated the re-evaluation of entire-margined Taeniopteris foliage from the Carnian flora of Neuewelt, Basel, Switzerland, revealing the illegitimate status of Taeniopteris angustifolia. The specimen from the Ladinian or Carnian (Lower Keuper) of Lower Franconia, Germany, on which the identification was based, was recently identified as the holotype of the marattialean fern Danaeopsis angustifolia, of which Taeniopteris angustifolia is the basionym. This implies that the Neuewelt specimens, which are different from the specimens from Franconia, lack any type and basionym, and a new species name is required. The specimens from Hopen as well as specimens elsewhere from Svalbard are identified as conspecific with the specimens from Neuewelt, and we here assign all specimens to Taeniopteris novomundensis sp. nov., which is thus known from the Carnian of Switzerland and Svalbard. Information on epidermal anatomy is not available, and the affinity of the species can, therefore, not be elucidated further, but is here interpreted as a cycadophyte. Several specimens from the Carnian of Franconia assigned to Taeniopteris angustifolia belong to a species different from Taeniopteris novomundensis, i.e. Taeniopteris kelberi. Earlier inclusion of some of the specimens now assigned to Taeniopteris novomundensis in Taeniopteris kelberi is unsupported. The typification and use of Taeniopteris are discussed in this framework.
Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant capacities and anthocyanin compositions of the pigmented rice (Oryza sativa) of north-east India

The association between the consumption of pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L.) and the improvement of human health is generating a great deal of interest among the researchers. An experiment was conducted during 2020 and 2021 at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam to study the phytochemical profiling, antioxidant capacities and anthocyanin compositions of the 14 pigmented rice genotypes. The results were compared with the well-known traditional pigmented rice variety from Manipur, Poreiton Chakhao. The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total anthocyanin content ranged from 37.101 to 493.611 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g, 53.316 to 151.667 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g and 1.006 to 13.904 mg cyanidin-3-chloride equivalent/100 g in the studied rice genotypes. The amount of rice showing 50% DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC 50 value) ranged from 6.610 to 29.376 mg. The HPLC analysis revealed presence of both cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside in the black pigmented rice genotypes, viz. TTB Black Rice 7, Chakhao-1, Chakhao-2 and TTB Black Rice 11. However, in the red rice genotypes analysed (Balam and Nepali Chakuwa), these two anthocyanins were not detected.
A Computer Model to Forecast Wetland Vegetation Changes Resulting from Restoration and Protection in Coastal Louisiana

ABSTRACT Visser, J.M. ; Duke-Sylvester, S.M. ; Carter, J., and Broussard, W.P., III, 2013. A computer model to forecast wetland vegetation changes resulting from restoration and protection in coastal Louisiana. The coastal wetlands of Louisiana are a unique ecosystem that supports a diversity of wildlife as well as a diverse community of commercial interests of both local and national importance. The state of Louisiana has established a 5-year cycle of scientific investigation to provide up-to-date information to guide future legislation and regulation aimed at preserving this critical ecosystem. Here we report on a model that projects changes in plant community distribution and composition in response to environmental conditions. This model is linked to a suite of other models and requires input from those that simulate the hydrology and morphology of coastal Louisiana. Collectively, these models are used to assess how alternative management plans may affect the wetland ecosystem through explicit spatial modeling of the physical and biological processes affected by proposed modifications to the ecosystem. We have also taken the opportunity to advance the state-of-the-art in wetland plant community modeling by using a model that is more species-based in its description of plant communities instead of one based on aggregated community types such as brackish marsh and saline marsh. The resulting model provides an increased level of ecological detail about how wetland communities are expected to respond. In addition, the output from this model provides critical inputs for estimating the effects of management on higher trophic level species though a more complete description of the shifts in habitat.
The untold story of missing data in disaster research: a systematic review of the empirical literature utilising the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT)

Global disaster databases are prone to missing data. Neglect or inappropriate handling of missing data can bias statistical analyses. Consequently, this risks the reliability of study results and the wider evidence base underlying climate and disaster policies. In this paper, a comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted to determine how missing data have been acknowledged and handled in disaster research. We sought empirical, quantitative studies that utilised the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) as a primary or secondary data source to capture an extensive sample of the disaster literature. Data on the acknowledgement and handling of missing data were extracted from all eligible studies. Descriptive statistics and univariate correlation analysis were used to identify trends in the consideration of missing data given specific study characteristics. Of the 433 eligible studies, 44.6% acknowledged missing data, albeit briefly, and 33.5% attempted to handle missing data. Studies having a higher page count were significantly (p < 0.01) less prone to acknowledge or handle missing data, whereas the research field of the publication journal distinguished between papers that simply acknowledged missing data, with those that both acknowledged and handled missing data (p < 0.100). A variety of methods to handle missing data (n = 24) were identified. However, these were commonly ad-hoc with little statistical basis. The broad method used to handle missing data: imputation, augmentation or deletion was significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with the geographical scope of the study. This systematic review reveals large failings of the disaster literature to adequately acknowledge and handle missing data. Given these findings, more insight is required to guide a standard practice of handling missing data in disaster research.
Metacognitive Comprehension Monitoring: Cognitive Abilities Explain Performance Differences Between Younger and Older Adults

Purpose: To understand complex expository text, readers often engage in metacognitive comprehension monitoring. Metacognitive monitoring is assumed to rely on basic cognitive abilities (working memory updating, short-term memory, verbal intelligence). These abilities decrease in later adulthood. We thus compared younger and older adults in their comprehension monitoring and examined whether performance differences are mediated by differences in cognitive abilities. Methods: Younger ( n = 101; 18–29 years) and older adults ( n = 108; 60–75 years) completed an inconsistency task to capture metacognitive comprehension monitoring, two tests of working memory updating (one based on a semantic and one on a formal criterion), a short-term memory test, and an indicator of verbal intelligence. Results:
Probing Mars' crustal magnetic field and ionosphere with the MGS Electron Reflectometer

The Electron Reflectometer (ER) on board Mars Global Surveyor measures the energy and angular distributions of solar wind electrons and ionospheric photoelectrons. These data can be used in conjunction with magnetometer data to probe Mars' crustal magnetic field and to study Mars' ionosphere and solar wind interaction. During aerobraking, ionospheric measurements were obtained in the northern hemisphere at high solar zenith angles (SZAs, typically ∼78°). The ionopause was crossed at altitudes ranging from 180 km to over 800 km, with a median of 380 km. The 400-km-altitude polar mapping orbit allows observations at SZAs from 25° to 155° in both the northern and southern hemispheres. The near-planet ionosphere and magnetotail structure of the night hemisphere is dominated by the presence of intense crustal magnetic fields, which can exceed 200 nT at the spacecraft altitude. Closed field lines anchored to highly elongated crustal sources form “magnetic cylinders,” which exclude solar wind plasma traveling up the magnetotail. When the spacecraft passes through one of these structures, the ER count rate falls to the instrumental background, representing an electron flux drop of at least two orders of magnitude. A map of these flux dropouts in longitude and latitude closely resembles a map of the crustal magnetic sources. When the crustal magnetic cylinders rotate into sunlight, they fill with ionospheric plasma. Since many of these crustal fields are locally strong enough to stand off the solar wind to altitudes well above 400 km, the ionosphere can extend much higher than would otherwise be possible in the absence of crustal fields. Even weak crustal fields may locally bias the median ionopause altitude, which provides an indirect method of detecting crustal fields using ER observations.
Identification of Potential miRNA Biomarkers to Detect Hydrocortisone Administration in Horses

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are stable in bodily fluids and are potential biomarkers of various diseases and physiological states. Although several studies have been conducted on humans to detect drug doping by miRNAs, research on drugs and miRNAs in horses is limited. In this study, circulating miRNAs in horses after hydrocortisone administration were profiled and variations in miRNAs affected by hydrocortisone administration during endogenous hydrocortisone elevation were examined. The miRNAs were extracted from thoroughbred horse plasma before and after hydrocortisone administration and subjected to small RNA sequencing and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). RT-qPCR validation was performed for the 20 miRNAs that were most affected by hydrocortisone administration. The effects of elevated endogenous hydrocortisone levels due to exercise and adrenocorticotropic hormone administration were also confirmed. The validation results showed that approximately half of the miRNAs showed the same significant differences as those obtained using small RNA sequencing. Among the twenty miRNAs, two novel miRNAs and miR-133a were found to vary differently between exogenous hydrocortisone administration and endogenous hydrocortisone elevation. This study provides basic knowledge regarding the circulating miRNA profile of horses after hydrocortisone administration and identifies three miRNAs that could potentially be used as biomarkers to detect hydrocortisone administration.
Shifts in discharge‐concentration relationships as a small catchment recover from severe drought

This paper provides evidence of the recovery of a small, moorland catchment to a severe drought, the most extreme on record in the UK. We present a detailed water quality time series for the post‐drought recovery period, from the first significant storm event at the end of the drought through three very wet months during which time the catchment fully wetted up. High‐frequency observations were obtained using pump water samplers, at 15‐min intervals for storm events and 2 hourly at other times. There are significant shifts in discharge‐concentration response as the catchment wets up; initial behaviour is very different to later storms. Extreme drought may become more common in a warmer world, so it is increasingly important to understand water quality response during and after such episodes, if their impact on water resources and in‐stream ecology is to be better anticipated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geometric Integration of Aerial and QuickBird Imagery for High Accuracy Geopositioning and Mapping Application: A Case Study in Shanghai

This paper explores the geometric performance of integration of aerial and QuickBird images. Different integration scenarios with different bias compensation schemes in the image space were studied, and the results showed that the introduction of the aerial images can improve the geopositioning accuracy of the QuickBird images to close to the aerial pixel level. In addition, methods of correcting biases in the object space were tested, and the results revealed the disadvantage of the bias compensation in the object space. An experiment was conducted for mapping ground objects such as inland rivers, buildings, and roads using the proposed integration method.
Chemical composition of emissions from urban sources of fine organic aerosol

A dilution source sampling system was used to collect primary fine aerosol emissions from important sources of urban organic aerosol, including a boiler burning No. 2 fuel oil, a home fireplace, a fleet of catalyst-equipped and noncatalyst automobiles, heavy-duty diesel trucks, natural gas home appliances, and meat cooking operations. Alternative dilution sampling techniques were used to collect emissions from cigarette smoking and a roofing tar pot, and grab sample techniques were employed to characterize paved road dust, brake lining wear, tire wear, and vegetative detritus. Organic aerosol constituted the majority of the fine aerosol mass emitted from many of the sources tested. Fine primary organic aerosol emissions within the heavily urbanized western portion of the Los Angeles Basin were determined to total 29.8 metric tons/day. Over 40% of these organic aerosol emissions are from anthropogenic pollution sources that are expected to emit contemporary (nonfossil) aerosol carbon, in good agreement with the available ambient monitoring data.
Simultaneously Distributed Generation Allocation and Network Reconfiguration in Distribution Network Considering Different Loading Levels

This paper introduces a novel application of the recently developed meta-heuristic algorithm called Geometric Mean Optimization (GMO). The algorithm combines the unique properties of the geometric mean operator in mathematics with the power loss sensitivity index (PLSI) to address various optimization problems in distribution networks. Specifically, the paper focuses on the problems of optimal network reconfiguration (NR), optimal distributed generation (DG) unit allocation with optimal power factor (OPF) and unity power factor (UPF), as well as simultaneous optimal NR and DG unit allocation while considering UPF and OPF. The proposed technique considers operational constraints and three loading levels (0.5 p.u loading - light load level, 1.0 p.u loading - nominal load level, and 1.6 p.u loading - heavy load level) to solve single and multi-objective functions such as maximizing voltage stability index (VSI) and minimizing total active power loss (TAPL) and voltage deviation (VD) in the distribution network (DN). To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, experiments were conducted on IEEE 33 bus and 69-bus networks. The results of simultaneous optimal NR and DG unit allocation with OPF showed significant improvements in terms of VSI, TAPL, and VD compared to other scenarios, including optimal simultaneous NR and DG unit allocation with UPF, only DG unit allocation with UPF and OPF, and only NR and base case. Moreover, when considering multiple objectives, the simultaneous allocation of NR and DG units with OPF consistently yielded better results for all load conditions. Furthermore, the proposed technique was compared to existing algorithms in the literature, specifically for the objective of TAPL at the nominal load level. The comparison demonstrated that the combined technique outperformed other methods in terms of TAPL for all cases, highlighting its efficacy. The proposed technique exhibited high accuracy and convergence speed, making it a favorable choice for simultaneous optimal NR and DG unit allocation with UPF and OPF across different load conditions.
Advances in Treatment of Nocturnal Enuresis in Children

Nocturnal enuresis is a condition with complex etiology affecting plenty of children and families. Even though multifarious clinical trials and studies have been designed and completed, some inconclusive results on nocturnal enuresis confuse clinicians. This article aims to provide useful information for clinicians by summarizing the existing evidence on nocturnal enuresis and discussing the effectiveness and safety of different treatments. Nocturnal enuresis mainly results from the disorders related to central nervous system, which may cause nocturnal polyuria, nighttime bladder capacity decline, arousal disorder, and various accompanying diseases. We discussed the efficacy and safety of different treatments for monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis, including standard therapies, simple behavioral interventions, complex behavioral interventions, alarm therapy, desmopressin and other drugs, biofeedback therapy, electrical stimulation, acupuncture, Chinese herbal medicine, massage, and so on. Alarm is still the most effective single therapy with lower relapse rate. Desmopressin has efficacy mainly in children with nocturnal polyuria. Children with detrusor overactivity or decreasing functional bladder capacity can choose anticholinergics. Additionally, tricyclic drugs, biofeedback therapy, electrical stimulation, acupuncture, massage, and so on are therapeutic options for children with nocturnal enuresis.
Cd/Ca ratios of in situ collected planktonic foraminiferal tests

[1] The Cd/Ca ratios of planktonic foraminiferal tests have been used to reconstruct surface water nutrient utilization and paleoproductivity. The reliability of this proxy has hitherto not been comprehensively studied, however. To fill this gap, we present novel Cd/Ca data for in situ sampled and sedimentary planktonic foraminifers of the species Globigerinoides ruber, G. sacculifer, Globigerina bulloides, Orbulina universa, and Globorotalia truncatulinoides from the Arabian Sea and the North Atlantic. The Cd/Ca ratios obtained for G. ruber sampled from the live habitat generally display a correlation with seawater phosphate content, but no such trend is observed for G. sacculifer. This distinct behavior may reflect different ecological niches or species-specific incorporation of Cd into the calcite shells of the organisms. The Cd/Ca ratios of G. ruber, G. sacculifer, and G. bulloides from surface sediments are consistently higher than those obtained for live collected specimens of the same species. Postdepositional alteration of the tests is unlikely to be responsible for these systematic differences. Rather, they appear to reflect a combination of factors, including the formation of calcite crusts with high Cd contents, the different timescales that are represented by in situ and sedimentary foraminiferal tests, and the dominance of tests from periods of high productivity in sediments. Our results also reveal higher Cd/Ca ratios for live G. ruber than for settling tests of the same species. This suggests that planktonic foraminiferal shells are partially dissolved while they individually settle through the water column. Sedimentary tests, however, will be less affected by dissolution processes because these shells are primarily deposited in mass sinking events, which feature much higher settling velocities than those experienced by single settling shells.
Characteristics of Subsurface Ocean Response to ENSO Assessed from Simulations with the NCEP Climate Forecast System

AbstractThe subsurface ocean temperature response to El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is examined based on 31-yr (1981–2011) simulations with the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) coupled model. The model sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific is relaxed to observations to ensure realistic ENSO variability in the simulations.In the tropical Pacific, the subsurface temperature response to the ENSO SST is closely related to the variability of thermocline. The subsurface response is stronger and deeper in the tropical Indian Ocean than in the tropical Atlantic. The analysis at three selected locations reveals that the peak response of the subsurface temperature to ENSO lags the Nino-3.4 SST by 3, 6, and 6 months, respectively, in the southern tropical Indian Ocean, the northern tropical Atlantic, and the North Pacific, where SSTs are also known to be strongly influenced by ENSO. The ENSO-forced temperature anomalies gradually penetrate to the.
Performance assessment of the Community Climate System Model over the Bering Sea

The Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) is evaluated against reanalysis data for the late‐twentieth century (1955–2005), with a focus on the ecologically and commercially important Bering Sea in the subarctic Pacific. Several atmospheric variables including surface‐air temperature, sea level pressure, wind strength, and direction were evaluated due to their relevance to large marine ecosystems. Simulated spatial patterns of climatological surface‐air temperature over the Bering Sea are generally well simulated despite some subregional biases as large as +3 °C during autumn and −5 °C during winter. Interannual variability of simulated surface‐air temperature exceeds that of the reanalysis by a factor of nearly 1.5. Model simulations show an under‐simulated Siberian high and a large northwest displacement of the Aleutian Low‐pressure centre. Further, sea level pressure over the Bering Sea is under‐simulated in winter and fall by more than 8 hPa, and over‐simulated in summer by more than 5 hPa. Interannual variability in simulated sea level pressure is nearly twice as large as observed. In general, the CCSM4 shows an improved representation of both monthly mean surface‐air temperature and sea level pressure over the subarctic Pacific relative to its predecessor, the CCSM3. Despite these advances, there is still a clear need for improvements in the model's representation of high‐latitude atmospheric circulation in order to achieve proper atmospheric forcing of marine ecosystem models.
SIDT2 Associates with Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and Facilitates ApoA1 Secretion in Hepatocytes

SIDT2 is a lysosomal protein involved in the degradation of nucleic acids and the transport of cholesterol between membranes. Previous studies identified two “cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus” (CRAC) motifs in SIDT1 and SIDT2 members. We have previously shown that the first CRAC motif (CRAC-1) is essential for protein translocation to the PM upon cholesterol depletion in the cell. In the present study, we show that SIDT2 and the apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) form a complex which requires the second CRAC-2 motif in SIDT2 to be established. The overexpression of SIDT2 and ApoA1 results in enhanced ApoA1 secretion by HepG2 cells. This is not observed when overexpressing the SIDT2 with the CRAC-2 domain mutated to render it unfunctional. All these results provide evidence of a novel role for SIDT2 as a protein forming a complex with ApoA1 and enhancing its secretion to the extracellular space.