Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unsuspected Prostate Carcinoma and Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasm in Taiwanese Patients Undergoing Cystoprostatectomy.

Although the incidence and death rates for cancer of the prostate (CaP) in Taiwan have been among the lowest in the world, they have increased remarkably in recent years. Because of the very low autopsy rate in this country, prostate specimens obtained via cystoprostatectomy may provide a unique opportunity to study the incidence and status of latent cancer. From January 1992 to December 1997, 49 prostate specimens were obtained from patients with transitional-cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (48 cases) or pelvic melanoma (one case). Patients' ages ranged from 47 to 89, with a mean age of 67.8 years. No patient had any clinical indication of CaP, as assessed by digital rectal examination. Each prostate was prepared with whole-mount transverse serial sections at 3-mm intervals from the apex to the bladder neck. The stained slides reviewed by two pathologists to evaluate the frequency and pathological status of acinar cancer lesions and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Of the 49 patients evaluated, 16 (33%) had evidence of adenocarcinoma, and 24 (49%) had high-grade PIN. The incidence of unsuspected CaP in patients aged 40 to 59, 60 to 69, and >/=70 years was 25%, 32%, and 37%, respectively. The frequency of high-grade PIN in patients aged 40 to 59, 60 to 69, and >/=70 years was 25%, 42%, and 64%, respectively. The incidence of high-grade PIN in the 16 patients with unsuspected CaP was significantly higher than in the 31 patients without this early cancer (75% v 36%). Of the 16 patients with unsuspected cancer, 5 had multiple tumors (3 patients with two and 2 with multiple foci). The mean volume of the 24 tumors was 0.0786 cm(3), with a range of 0.008 to 0.393 cm(3), but only 6 tumors exceeded 0.1 cm(3) in volume (0.112, 0.112, 0.164, 0.245, 0.262, and 0.393 cm(3)). Eighty-eight percent of these early cancers were low grade (Gleason score 2-4). All unsuspected CaP were organ confined. The frequency of unsuspected CaP in Taiwanese men is relatively higher than in Chinese, as previous reported by Dr. Gu. However, the incidence of this latent cancer is comparable to that of U.S. men of the same age. These findings, together with the high incidence of high-grade PIN, suggest that the initial step in the induction of CaP in indigenous Taiwanese is similar to that in U.S. men. The lower number of reports of CaP in Taiwan might be attributable to: (1) lower volume of latent cancer in the Taiwanese compared with U.S. men; (2) underestimation of the incidence rate of CaP in Taiwan; or (3) different genetic or environmental status leading to a different progression rate.
Treatment Strategies in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is known to be one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. It maintains a high mortality rate despite the newest methodological therapeutic approaches adopted in various academic establishments. The treatment modalities in colorectal cancer follow the degree of disease progression based on staging information. Earliest the cancer is diagnosed, the highest the possibility to be cured. Different strategies are being involved in treating colorectal cancer, starting from simple endoscopic polypectomy to remove a potential malignant polyp, to wider surgical intervention to get rid of a primary unmetastasized tumor, to other concomitant radio-chemotherapy combinations to reduce a bulky tumor rendering it operable, ending in more sophisticated chemotherapeutical regimens combined with targeted drugs to shrink the metastatic lesions and prolong survival rate. Different new treatments are being investigated with a sole aim to preserve the patient’s quality of life and extend life span.
Bio-efficacy of imidacloprid and bifenthrin against mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) on Brassica rapa subsp oleifera

The efficacy, relative toxicity, residual toxicity and dissipation behaviour of imidacloprid and bifenthrin were evaluated against mustard aphid [Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.)] during 2006-07 and 2007-08. Imidacloprid (RiBo 17.8 SL @ 20, 40 and 60 g ai/ha), bifenthrin (Marker 20 per cent EC @ 60, 80 and 100 g ai/ha) and deltamethrin (as standard check) (Decis 2.8 per cent EC @ 15 g ai/ha) were evaluated against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) and was found effective in reducing the aphid population in comparision to control. The highest mortality of aphids and marketable yield was registered by imidacloprid @ 60 g ai/ha, while highest cost benefit ratio was found in imidacloprid @ 20 g ai/ha and proved sufficient to optimize the yield. The LC50 values were 0.00017 and 0.00015 for imidacloprid, 0.00152 and 0.00122 for bifenthrin, 0.00199 and 0.00134 for deltamethrin, after 24 and 48 hr of treatment, respectively. Imidacloprid was 8.93 times and bifenthrin 1.10 times more toxic than deltamethrin after 48 hr of treatment. For evaluation of persistence and residual toxicity of imidacloprid the mortality data were taken up to 48 hr, within different exposure periods of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 days after application of insecticides. Based on the index of persistence toxicity, the order of effectiveness for the L. erysimi were imidacloprid @ 60 g a.i/ha (1014.23)> imidacloprid @ 40 g a.i/ha (931.37) > imidacloprid @ 20 g a.i/ha (820.41)> deltamethrin 15 g a.i/ha (707.93)> bifenthrin @ 100 g a.i/ha (659.76)> bifenthrin @ 80 g a.i/ha (611.12)>bifenthrin @ 60g a.i/ha (545.25). The dissipation behaviour of imidacloprid under field condition on Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (toria) crop was studied in tender shoots and seeds. The initial deposits of imidacloprid @ 20, 40 and 60 g a.i /ha were 0.830, 1.126 and 1.280, respectively. Imidacloprid residues reached below its detectable level after 5th and 10th day of its application at lower and higher rates. The half life values were 1.44, 1.96, 1.67 days for imidacloprid @ 20, 40 and 60 g a.i/ha, respectively. Based on the observations, a waiting period of at least four days after imidacloprid application @ 20 g a.i/ha is considered safe from point of health hazards due to toxic effect of residues in leaves.
Genetic studies on growth and wool production traits in crossbred sheep of India

Data on 5,435 lambs pertaining to 166 rams of Rambouillet and their crosses over the 13 years (1998–2010) at Government Sheep Breeding and Research Farm, Reasi, Jammu, were studied. The averages of birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WWT), litter size (LS), greasy fleece weight (GFW), staple length (SL) and fiber diameter (FD) were 3.034±0.010 kg, 22.644±0.061 kg, 1.052±0.009, 1.520±0.009 kg, 5.599±0.019cm and 21.310±0.014 μ, respectively. The highest co-efficient of variation (CV) percentage was observed for greasy fleece weight whereas the lowest CV was observed for fiber diameter. The least-squares means were 3.088±0.023 kg, 22.578±0.148 kg, 1.046±0.007, 1.533±0.021 kg, 5.719±0.045cm and 21.315±0.034 μ for BWT, WWT, LS, GFW and FD, respectively. The effect of year of lambing was significant for all the traits under present study, whereas, the effect of season of lambing was nonsignificant for all the traits. The effect of sex was significant for growth traits and greasy fleece weight only. However, no systematic trend was observed over the year, season of lambing and sex for all the traits studied. The estimates of heritability were high for BWT (0.351), medium for WWT (0.301), GFW (0.401) and SL (0.453), whereas for FD and LS, it was low as 0.272 and 0.132, respectively. The genetic and phenotypic correlations were either negative or low. These estimates revealed that there is a scope for genetic improvement of these traits through appropriate selection methods.
Feeding ecology of knout goby (Mesogobius batrachocephalus Pallas, 1814) from the Romanian Black Sea (Agigea - Eforie Nord area).

The present study investigates the variations in the feeding ecology of the knout goby (M. batrachocephalus). The index of relative importance indicated opportunistic feeding on macrobenthic fauna. The fish fed mainly on bivalves, fishes, amphipods and isopods. There were differences in diet composition during the years, seasons and sexes. M. batrachocephalus exhibited a generalist feeding strategy with a relative broad niche width.
Physiology and molecular ecology of chemolithoautotrophic nitrate reducing bacteria at deep sea hydrothermal vents

ii Acknowledgements.iv List of figures.xi List of tables.xiii Chapter 1 Introduction.1 Background.1 Microorganisms.4 Nitrogen Cycle.8 Carbon Dioxide Fixation.13 Study Scope and Objectives.16 Chapter 2 Culture dependent and independent analyses of 16S rRNA and ATP citrate lyase genes: a comparison of microbial communities from different black smoker chimneys on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.18 Introduction.18 Materials and Methods.22 Sample collection.22 Enrichments, isolations and reference strains.22 Preparation of cell extracts and enzyme assays.24 DNA extraction.24 DNA amplification by PCR.25
Effect of Educational Training Intervention on Overcoming Nurses' Barriers to Screening Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Outpatient Clinics

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is an important public health problem facing women globally. Many barriers facing nurses and other healthcare providers to screen abused women were reported in many studies. Aim: The aim of the current study had twofold; First, to examine barriers to intimate partner violence screening among nurses in outpatient clinics. Second, to evaluate the effect of an educational training intervention on nurses for barriers to intimate partner violence screening. Study design: A Quasi-experimental study was used. Setting: The study was conducted in outpatient clinics at two hospitals (University Hospital and Education Hospital in Shebin El-Kom City. Menoufia Governorate, Egypt). Subjects: Seventy-five nurses who completed the educational training intervention were included according to power analysis estimation. Tools: Self-administered questionnaire to examine the barriers for IPV screening among nurses which consisted of two parts: part 1: demographic data of studied nurses and part 2: The Domestic Violence Health Care Provider Survey instrument to investigate the barriers to IPV screening among nurses. Results: Nurses reported several sources of barriers based on the DVHCPS instrument items including self-efficacy, system support, victim blaming, professional role resistance, and victim provider safety. There was a highly statistically significant difference regarding barriers to IPV screening (P<0.001) and screening examination rate was increased by nurses (P<0.001) after the implementation of the educational training intervention. Conclusion: This study highlights the beneficial effect of the educational training intervention as an effective method in reducing the barriers for IPV screening among nurses for women attending the outpatient clinics; improving the rate of screening and periodical examination of nurses regarding IPV. Recommendation: In-service training courses for nurses on current updates regarding intimate partner violence screening examination technique, regular training for nurses about intimate partner violence screening tool in-addition, IPV protocol management for abused women attending outpatient clinics.
Effect of Root Cause Analysis on Pre-Licensure, Senior-Level Nursing Students’ Safe Medication Administration Practices

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine if student nurse participation in root cause analysis has the potential to reduce harm to patients from medication errors by increasing student nurse sensitivity to signal and responder bias. Background: Schools of nursing have traditionally relied on strategies that focus on individual characteristics and responsibility to prevent harm to patients. The modern patient safety movement encourages utilization of systems theory strategies like Root Cause Analysis (RCA). The Patient Risk Detection Theory (Despins, Scott-Cawiezell, & Rouder, 2010) supports the use of nurse training to reduce harm to patients. Method . Descriptive and inferential analyses of the demographic and major study variables were conducted. Validity and reliability assessments for the instruments were performed. The Safe Administration of Medications-Revised Scale (Bravo, 2014) was used to measure sensitivity to signal. The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ; Sexton et al., 2006) was used to assess responder bias; this was the first use of this instrument with nursing students. Results: The sample consisted of 125 senior-level nursing students from three universities in the southeastern United States. The SAQ was found to be a valid and reliable test of safety attitudes in nursing students. Further support for the validity and reliability of the SAM-R was provided. A significant difference in safety climate between schools was observed. There were no differences detected between the variables. Conclusion: The results of this study provide support for the use of the SAQ and the SAM-R to further test the PRDT, and to explore methods to improve nursing student ability to administer medications safely.
Weed management in irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum) with special reference to buttercup weed (Ranunculus spp) in north-west Himalayas

An on-farm trial was conducted at five farmer fields of Bageshwar district of Uttrakhand to validate, refine and popularize the technology developed by VPKAS, Almora for managing Buttercup (Ranunculus spp) during 2007–10. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of 2,4-D @ 1.0 kg ai/ha, isoproturon @ 1.0 kg ai/ha and tank mix application of 2,4-D @ 0.5 kg ai/ha with isoproturon @ 1.0 kg ai/ha over farmers practice of hand weeding twice at 30 and 60 DAS and unweeded control on the infestation of weeds and profitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori and Paol.). Tank mix application of 2, 4-D+isoproturon (0.50+1.0 kg/ha) at 35-40 DAS reduced the density and dry weight of Ranunculus and other weeds and nutrient uptake by weeds (3.9 kg N, 0.9 kg P and 6.2 kg K/ha) compared to farmers practice. This combination also resulted in 12.5% higher grain yield, nutrients by wheat (73.5 kg N, 11.6 kg P and 60.0 kg K/ha) and net returns (` 19 030/ha) With this technology, drudgery reduction of about 475-man days/ha can be made possible, which could be used in other fruitful activities of hilly farmers, particularly women.
Régulation de la traduction des ARNm dendritiques par des ribonucléoprotéines et Rôle de CHMP2B dans la morphogenèse des épines dendritiques

Les epines dendritiques sont des petites protuberances remarquablement dynamiques a la surface des dendrites correspondant a la partie postsynaptique des synapses excitatrices. En reponse a l'activite neuronale, leur geometrie leur composition biochimique changent, modulant ainsi la force synaptique. Entres autres, la synthese locale de nouvelles proteines et une modification de la composition proteique membranaire assurent ces changements. Nous avons montre que la ribonucleoproteine Sam68 regule la traduction de l'ARNm du facteur d'elongation de la traduc1 eEFlA ; et que TLS, d'ordinaire nucleaire, est localisee dans les dendrites, pres des synapses. Nous avons montre qu les mutants de CHMP2B (membre du complexe endosomial ESCRT III et mutee dans une maladie neurodegenerati\ affectent la morphologie des epines dendritiques, leur taille est reduite, et diminuent la proportion des courants synaptiques de grande amplitude.
Therapist-Made Bubble-Positive Expiratory Pressure: A Survey of Physiotherapists in Australia

Purpose:To determine the current use, rationale for use, and construction of the therapist-made bubble-positive expiratory pressure (bubble-PEP) device by physiotherapists in Australian public and private hospitals. Methods:Cross-sectional survey of 122 randomly selected Australian hospitals. Physiotherapists employed in these hospitals were invited to participate. Results:Hospital response rate was 88% with 169 participating physiotherapists. Bubble-PEP device was used in 43% of responding hospitals and by 72% of physiotherapists. The rationale for use was to improve secretion clearance (99%) and oxygen saturation (48%) and promote deep breathing (48%). Bubble-PEP device was used for patients with bronchiectasis (86%), pneumonia (74%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (70%), and postoperatively (61%). Physiotherapists believed that bubble-PEP device splinted airways open (88%), produced PEP at the mouth (70%), and loosened secretions (66%). Seventy-nine percent of physiotherapists were more likely to use bubble-PEP device than other devices because of accessibility and cost. Materials and methods used to construct bubble-PEP device were a 500-mL plastic bottle (54%), plastic tubing (77%) of 30-cm length (46%), and 10-cm water level (34%). Conclusions:The bubble-PEP device was commonly used by physiotherapists in Australian hospitals to treat respiratory impairments in patients with lung conditions. There was no clear consensus on bubble-PEP device construction.
Determination of Effect of Home-Based Oral Chloroquine Treatment on Haematological Indices of P. falciparum Malaria in Children under 5 Years in Jos Metropolis

Background: The incidence of P. falciparum malaria is characterized by high rates of morbidity and mortality in under 5 children; a trend reportedly prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries including Nigeria, and recently observed in Jos metropolis, has to date defied all constructive, preventive and drug therapy intervention measures and consequently continues to constitute a serious public health problem in this most vulnerable group. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine certain haematological indicators of malaria parasite infection; their role in the clinical manifestation of P. falciparum malaria and effect of first line oral chloroquine treatment in children under 5 years attending Jos University Teaching hospital and OLA Hospital in Jos metropolis. Method: This is a cross-sectional study of 93 malaria and non-malaria children, age 1 - 59 months attending Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Jos and OLA hospital, Jos, North Central Nigeria. Malaria diagnosis was carried out using microscopical examination of Leishman’s stained thick and thin blood films and complete blood count was done using Beckman Coulter Analyzer. Results: The mean percentage lymphocyte value of chloroquine treated children (39.28% ± 7.45%) was significantly lower than the control (66.38% ± 2.27%). The mean granulocyte value of chloroquine treated children (51.07% ± 6.40%) was significantly higher than the control (26.69% ± 2.43%). Red Blood Cell (RBC) counts (4.01 ± 0.21 × 106/μL), Haemoglobin concentration (9.60 ± 0.51 g/dl) and Haematocrit (30.97% ± 1.43%) of chloroquine treated children were significantly higher than corresponding values in untreated malarious children, but not significantly different from values obtained in non-malaria control children. The RBC counts (2.92 ± 0.39 × 106/μL), Haemoglobin concentration (7.23 ± 1.01 g/dl) and Haematocrit (23.70% ± 3.37%) obtained for untreated malarious children were significantly lower than corresponding values in the non-malarious control children. Conclusion: The pattern of the results obtained in this study suggests that home-based, first-line oral chloroquine treatment 24 hours prior hospital admission decreases the lymphocytes production and elevated production of granulocytes with attendant consequences on their biological functions. The chloroquine treatment seems to protect the red blood cells against the destructive effect of malaria. The haemoglobin concentration of 7.23 ± 1.01 g/dl obtained in untreated malaria children when combined with results of red blood cells; differential analysis indicates a mild, normocytic, normochromic anaemia due to haemolysis. This study demonstrates the beneficial effects of first aid, home-based oral chloroquine use. Rational use of chloroquine needs to be re-evaluated and encouraged in this group of children.
Determinants of poor adherence to antiretroviral treatment using a combined effect of age and education among human immunodeficiency virus infected young adults attending care at Letaba Hospital HIV Clinic, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Introduction sustained viral suppression using antiretroviral treatment (ART) occurs with adherence to treatment of at least 95%. Non-adherence promotes the development of drug-resistance and treatment failure in individuals infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. In Limpopo Province, the adherence rate is approximately 61%, but the prevalence and the factors associated with adherence at Letaba hospital HIV clinic are not well established. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with adherence among HIV-infected young adults, aged 18-35 years, attending the clinic. Methods a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Letaba HIV clinic among young adults of 18-35 years old. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with ART adherence. We reported odds ratios with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals and p-values. A p-value < 0.1 was considered as statistically significant. ART adherence was defined as taking more than 95% of the prescribed treatment, 3 days prior to completion of the questionnaire. Results a total of 281 participants were enrolled with 163 (58.0%) females and more than three quarter, 222 (79.0%) between the ages of 18 and 29 years. The overall ART adherence stood at (87.2%) (95% CI: 63.0%-89.0%) representing 245 participants. Non-adherers to treatment, 36 (12.8%): patients reported no reason (3.9%), forgetting (3.2%), feeling good (3.2%), fear and running out of treatment (2.5%) as some of the reasons for not taking treatment within the three days prior to data collection. The following factors: tertiary education (p = 0.07), age (30-35; p-value: 0.07), drug availability (p-value: 0.07), were only marginally significantly associated with ART adherence. Conclusion the study found unsatisfactory ART adherence among our participants. Our study suggests that factors other than sociodemographic and clinical factors might better explain differences in adherence. This highlights the need for a more complex study that would look at the entire system in which these patients are navigating as well as their mental models.