Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of drug use in primary health centers in Lagos State, Nigeria

Introduction rational drug use prevents wastage of resources, loss of confidence in healthcare system and drug-related morbidity and mortality. This study aims to assess drug use in Primary Health Centers (PHCs) in Lagos State, Nigeria using the World Health Organization in collaboration with the International Network of Rational Use of Drugs core drug use indicators. Methods the study was conducted between February to October 2021 as a comparative observational survey of selected PHCs. It included a retrospective and prospective cross-sectional design for prescribing and patient care indicators assessing 2640 prescriptions and clients respectively. Data were analyzed and presented as frequency with percentage or mean with standard deviation, as applicable. The performances of the types of PHCs were compared using two-sample t-test. A 2-tailed p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results average number of drugs per prescription, drugs prescribed by the generic name, percentage of encounters with prescribed antibiotics and injections were 3.6 ± 0.9%, 76.5 ± 18.5%, 63.3 ± 19.1% and 21.1 ± 24.1% respectively with no significance difference between the comprehensive and basic PHCs. For all the facilities, the average consultation and dispensing times were 10.5 ± 6.0 minutes, 244.9 ± 179.2 seconds respectively. In this study, the percentage of patients’ knowledge of the correct dosage was 72.4 ± 38.3%. There is statistically significant difference in availability of key drugs in stock between the comprehensive and basic PHCs (p-value 0.0001). Conclusion irrational drug use practices exist in comprehensive and basic PHCs. There is a need to implement interventions aimed at strengthening good prescribing and patient-care practices across the PHCs in Lagos State.
ADIABATIC BLACK HOLE GROWTH IN SÉRSIC MODELS OF ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES

We have examined the effect of slow growth of a central black hole on spherical galaxies that obey Sérsic or R 1 / m surface-brightness profiles. During such growth the actions of each stellar orbit are conserved, which allows us to compute the final distribution function (DF) if we assume that the initial DF is isotropic. We find that black hole growth leads to a central cusp or “excess light,” in which the surface brightness varies with radius as R − 1.3 (with a weak dependence on Sérsic index m), the line-of-sight velocity dispersion varies as R − 1 / 2 , and the velocity anisotropy is β ≃ − 0.24 to −0.28 depending on m. The excess stellar mass in the cusp scales approximately linearly with the black hole mass, and is typically 0.5–0.85 times the black hole mass. This process may strongly influence the structure of nuclear star clusters in spheroidal galaxies if they contain black holes.
Constraints on Small-Scale Structures of Dark Matter from Flux Anomalies in Quasar Gravitational Lenses

We investigate the statistics of flux anomalies in gravitationally lensed QSOs as a function of dark matter halo properties such as substructure content and halo ellipticity. We do this by creating a very large number of simulated lenses with finite source sizes to compare with the data. After analyzing these simulations, our conclusions are: 1) The finite size of the source is important. The point source approximation commonly used can cause biased results. 2) The widely used R_cusp statistic is sensitive to halo ellipticity as well as the lens' substructure content. 3) For compact substructure, we find new upper bounds on the amount of substructure from the the fact that no simple single-galaxy lenses have been observed with a single source having more than four well separated images. 4) The frequency of image flux anomalies is largely dependent on the total surface mass density in substructures and the size--mass relation for the substructures, and not on the range of substructure masses. 5) Substructure models with the same size--mass relation produce similar numbers of flux anomalies even when their internal mass profiles are different. 6) The lack of high image multiplicity lenses puts a limit on a combination of the substructures' size--mass relation, surface density and mass. 7) Substructures with shallower mass profiles and/or larger sizes produce less extra images. 8) The constraints that we are able to measure here with current data are roughly consistent with \LambdaCDM Nbody simulations.
The evolution and star-formation history of M33

We construct a parametrized model to explore the main properties of the star-formation history of M33. We assume that the disc originates and grows by primordial gas infall and adopt a simple form of gas accretion rate with one free parameter, the infall time-scale. We also include the contribution of the gas outflow process. A major update of the model is that we adopt a molecular-hydrogen-correlated star-formation law and calculate the evolution of the atomic and molecular gas separately. Comparisons between the model predictions and observational data show that the model predictions are very sensitive to the adopted infall time-scale, while the gas-outflow process mainly influences the metallicity profile. A model adopting a moderate outflow rate and an inside-out formation scenario can be in good agreement with most of the observed constraints of the M33 disc. We also compare model predictions based on a molecular-hydrogen-correlated star-formation law and that based on the Kennicutt star-formation law. Our results imply that the molecular-hydrogen-correlated star-formation law should be preferred to describe the evolution of the M33 disc, especially the radial distributions of both the cold gas and the stellar population.
Remote sensing of plastic‐covered greenhouses and plastic‐mulched farmlands: Current trends and future perspectives

The application of intensive plasticulture farming has resulted in an increased yield of horticulture crops during the last few decades in the world, particularly in China, Spain, and Italy. Proper monitoring of plastic‐covered greenhouse (PCG) farming areas and plastic‐mulched farmlands (PMF) is necessary for the sustainable development of horticulture, including high‐quality agricultural production in limited areas with cost‐effectiveness, and reduced pollution. The development of sophisticated image processing algorithms, such as pixel‐based, object‐based, and machine learning approaches, for mapping landscape and land use changes have revolutionized monitoring plasticulture areas in recent decades. Even though a complex task, remote sensing offers cost‐effective, large‐scale monitoring of plasticulture areas. Advancements in UAV technology are expected to improve the mapping and monitoring accuracy of PCGs and PMFs in the future in addition to high resolution optical data combined with digital surface models (DSM) with high vertical accuracy.
Puits de potentiel généralisés et asymptotique semi-classique

The typical problem treated in this paper concerns the anharmonic oscillator with symmetric double wells: P(h)=−h 2 d 2 /dx 2 +x 4 −x 2 . In particular we study, modulo O(h ∞ ), the eigenvalues of P(h) in the energy band associated with the double wells (here: ]−1/4,0[). We obtain also some results near the minimum of classical energy. The method uses a functional and symbolic calculus for h-dependent pseudo-differential operators and a Fourier Integral Theory which appear in the BKW method and in the Maslov theory. Our technics allow us to treat a large class of hamiltonians with symmetries and can be applied to cases of dimension >1 On considere l'oscillateur anharmonique a double puits symetriques: P(h)=−h 2 d 2 /dx 2 +x 4 −x 2 . On etudie les valeurs propres de P(h), modulo O(h ∞ ), dans la bande d'energie associee aux 2 puits (]−1/4,0[). On obtient des resultats pres du minimum de l'energie classique. La methode utilisee repose sur un calcul symbolique et fonctionnel d'operateurs dependant du petit parametre h et sur une theorie des operateurs integraux de Fourier apparentee a la methode BKW et aux travaux de V. P. Maslov. Les outils utilises sont suffisamment generaux pour traiter une classe assez large d'hamiltoniens possedant des symetries et ne sont pas limites au cas de la dimension 1
Factor Influencing Consumer Willingness to Pay for Green Foods Consumption

Green food is produced using environmentally friendly technology and will not harm the environment. The main objective of this research is to determine the factors that influence the willingness to pay for the consumption of green foods among Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) students. A total of 250 respondents were involved in this study through simple random sampling. Questionnaires were used as research instruments and distributed online using Google Forms. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for Windows version 25.0. Multiple Linear Regression analysis was used to study the factors influencing consumers ’willingness to pay for green foods consumption. The results of Multiple Linear Regression analysis found that the green foods attributes and green advertising significantly influenced the willingness of consumers to pay for green foods (adjusted R 2 = 0.876, F = 0.000, p ≤0.001). In conclusion, green advertising (Beta = 0.548) was the strongest significant correlation followed by green foods attributes (Beta = 0.297). The implication of this study is that it allows companies to be more focused on these factors that further influence consumers ’willingness to pay for green foods.
A normal abundance of faint satellites in the fossil group NGC 6482

Fossil groups are considered the end product in a galaxy group's evolution -- a massive central galaxy that dominates the luminosity budget of the group, as the outcome of efficient merging between intermediate-luminosity members. Little is however known about the faint satellite systems of fossil groups. Here we present a SUBARU/Suprime-Cam wide-field, deep imaging study in the B- and R-band of the nearest fossil group NGC 6482 (M_{tot}\sim4\times10^{12}M_{\sun}), covering the virial radius out to 310 kpc. We perform detailed completeness estimations and select group member candidates by a combination of automated object detection and visual inspection. A fiducial sample of 48 member candidates down to M_R -10.5 mag is detected, making this study the deepest of a fossil group up to now. We investigate the photometric scaling relations, the colour-magnitude relation, and the luminosity function of our galaxy sample. We find evidence of recent and ongoing merger events among bright group galaxies. The colour-magnitude relation is comparable to that of nearby galaxy clusters, and exhibits significant scatter at the faintest luminosities. The completeness-corrected luminosity function is dominated by early-type dwarfs and is characterized by a faint end slope \alpha=-1.32\pm0.05. We conclude that the NGC 6482 fossil group shows photometric properties consistent with those of regular galaxy clusters and groups, including a normal abundance of faint satellites.
IMPROVED PERFORMANCES IN SUBSONIC FLOWS OF AN SPH SCHEME WITH GRADIENTS ESTIMATED USING AN INTEGRAL APPROACH

In this paper, we present results from a series of hydrodynamical tests aimed at validating the performance of a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) formulation in which gradients are derived from an integral approach. We specifically investigate the code behavior with subsonic flows, where it is well known that zeroth-order inconsistencies present in standard SPH make it particularly problematic to correctly model the fluid dynamics. In particular, we consider the Gresho–Chan vortex problem, the growth of Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities, the statistics of driven subsonic turbulence and the cold Keplerian disk problem. We compare simulation results for the different tests with those obtained, for the same initial conditions, using standard SPH. We also compare the results with the corresponding ones obtained previously with other numerical methods, such as codes based on a moving-mesh scheme or Godunov-type Lagrangian meshless methods. We quantify code performances by introducing error norms and spectral properties of the particle distribution, in a way similar to what was done in other works. We find that the new SPH formulation exhibits strongly reduced gradient errors and outperforms standard SPH in all of the tests considered. In fact, in terms of accuracy, we find good agreement between the simulation results of the new scheme and those produced using other recently proposed numerical schemes. These findings suggest that the proposed method can be successfully applied for many astrophysical problems in which the presence of subsonic flows previously limited the use of SPH, with the new scheme now being competitive in these regimes with other numerical methods.
Relationship between the leptin, progesterone, body weight, and onset of puberty in ewe lambs

The current study aimed to determine the relationship between serum level of leptin, progesterone hormones, bodyweight with the onset of puberty in the ewe lambs. Eight healthy weaned local breeds of ewe lambs at the age of 90 days were introduced in the study. Body weights were recorded, blood samples serum was collected and stored at -20°C until hormonal assays. Ovaries and ovarian follicles were checked by ultrasound to measure follicular diameter until estrus was detected every two weeks. The result showed that the earliest estrus behaviour was noticed at age 202. Significantly increased body weight was recorded during the trial times at P<0.05. Moreover, serum leptin levels elevated significantly coinciding with puberty at P<0.05. Also, progesterone level was elevated significantly as the age of puberty at P<0.05. In addition to that, the follicular diameter recorded a significant increase from day 160 till the end of the trial. Studying the correlation among leptin, progesterone, and follicle diameter revealed a direct correlation with the age of puberty and total weight body at prepuberty days. In addition, a close positive direct correlation was observed between the progesterone hormone level and the follicle diameter with the level of the leptin hormone as progressing age of puberty, and the increase in the diameter of the follicle with a rise in the level of serum progesterone hormone. The study concludes that puberty in ewe lambs was found a strong positive correlation among the studied parameters with a time of puberty of sexually mature lambs.
Finite, Intense Accretion Bursts from Tidal Disruption of Stars on Bound Orbits

We study accretion processes for tidally disrupted stars approaching supermassive black holes on bound orbits, by performing three dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations with a pseudo-Newtonian potential. We find that there is a critical value of the orbital eccentricity below which all the stellar debris remains bound to the black hole. For high but sub-critical eccentricities, all the stellar mass is accreted onto the black hole in a finite time, causing a significant deviation from the canonical t 5/3 mass fallback rate. When a star is on a moderately eccentric orbit and its pericenter distance is deeply inside the tidal disruption radius, there can be several orbit crossings of the debris streams due to relativistic precession. This dissipates orbital energy in shocks, allowing for rapid circularization of the debris streams and formation of an accretion disk. The resultant accretion rate greatly exceeds the Eddington rate and differs strongly from the canonical rate of t 5/3 . By contrast, there is little dissipation due to orbital crossings for the equivalent simulation with a purely Newtonian potential. This shows that general relativistic precession is crucial for accretion disk formation via circularization of stellar debris from stars on moderately eccentric orbits.
Analysis of 1-Aroyl-3-[3-chloro-2-methylphenyl] Thiourea Hybrids as Potent Urease Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biochemical Evaluation and Computational Approach

Urease is an amidohydrolase enzyme that is responsible for fatal morbidities in the human body, such as catheter encrustation, encephalopathy, peptic ulcers, hepatic coma, kidney stone formation, and many others. In recent years, scientists have devoted considerable efforts to the quest for efficient urease inhibitors. In the pharmaceutical chemistry, the thiourea skeleton plays a vital role. Thus, the present work focused on the development and discovery of novel urease inhibitors and reported the synthesis of a set of 1-aroyl-3-[3-chloro-2-methylphenyl] thiourea hybrids with aliphatic and aromatic side chains 4a–j. The compounds were characterized by different analytical techniques including FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR, and were evaluated for in-vitro enzyme inhibitory activity against jack bean urease (JBU), where they were found to be potent anti-urease inhibitors and the inhibitory activity IC50 was found in the range of 0.0019 ± 0.0011 to 0.0532 ± 0.9951 μM as compared to the standard thiourea (IC50 = 4.7455 ± 0.0545 μM). Other studies included density functional theory (DFT), antioxidant radical scavenging assay, physicochemical properties (ADMET properties), molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. All compounds were found to be more active than the standard, with compound 4i exhibiting the greatest JBU enzyme inhibition (IC50 value of 0.0019 ± 0.0011 µM). The kinetics of enzyme inhibition revealed that compound 4i exhibited non-competitive inhibition with a Ki value of 0.0003 µM. The correlation between DFT experiments with a modest HOMO-LUMO energy gap and biological data was optimal. These recently identified urease enzyme inhibitors may serve as a starting point for future research and development.
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Ophthalmic Surgery: From Laser Fundamentals to Clinical Applications

Femtosecond laser (FSL) technology has created an evolution in ophthalmic surgery in the last few decades. With the advantage of high precision, accuracy, and safety, FSLs have helped surgeons overcome surgical limits in refractive surgery, corneal surgery, and cataract surgery. They also open new avenues in ophthalmic areas that are not yet explored. This review focuses on the fundamentals of FSLs, the advantages in interaction between FSLs and tissues, and typical clinical applications of FSLs in ophthalmology. With the rapid progress that has been made in the state of the art research on FSL technologies, their applications in ophthalmic surgery may soon undergo a booming development.
STUDIES OF THE ORIGIN OF HIGH-FREQUENCY QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS OF MASS-ACCRETING BLACK HOLES IN X-RAY BINARIES WITH NEXT-GENERATION X-RAY TELESCOPES

Observations with RXTE (Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer) revealed the presence of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (HFQPOs) of the X-ray flux from several accreting stellar-mass black holes. HFQPOs (and their counterparts at lower frequencies) may allow us to study general relativity in the regime of strong gravity. However, the observational evidence today does not yet allow us to distinguish between different HFQPO models. In this paper we use a general-relativistic ray-tracing code to investigate X-ray timing spectroscopy and polarization properties of HFQPOs in the orbiting Hotspot model. We study observational signatures for the particular case of the 166 Hz quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in the galactic binary GRS 1915+105. We conclude with a discussion of the observability of spectral signatures with a timing-spectroscopy experiment such as the LOFT (Large Observatory for X-ray Timing) and polarization signatures with space-borne X-ray polarimeters such as IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer), PolSTAR (Polarization Spectroscopic Telescope Array), PRAXyS(Polarimetry of Relativistic X-ray Sources), or XIPE (X-ray Imaging Polarimetry Explorer). A mission with high count rate such as LOFT would make it possible to get a QPO phase for each photon, enabling the study of the QPO-phase-resolved spectral shape and the correlation between this and the flux level. Owing to the short periods of the HFQPOs, first-generation X-ray polarimeters would not be able to assign a QPO phase to each photon. The study of QPO-phase-resolved polarization energy spectra would thus require simultaneous observations with a first-generation X-ray polarimeter and a LOFT-type mission.
Astrophysical weak-interaction rates for selected A=20 and A=24 nuclei

We have evaluated the electron capture rates on $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$, $^{20}\mathrm{F}$, $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$, and $^{24}\mathrm{Na}$ and the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay rates for $^{20}\mathrm{F}$ and $^{24}\mathrm{Na}$ at temperature and density conditions relevant for the late-evolution stages of stars with $M=8{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$--12${M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$. The rates are based on recent experimental data and large-scale shell-model calculations. We show that the electron capture rates on $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ and $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ and the $^{20}\mathrm{F}$ and $^{24}\mathrm{Na}$ $\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay rates are based on data in this astrophysical range, except for the capture rate on $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$, which we predict to have a dominating contribution from the second-forbidden transition between the $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ and $^{20}\mathrm{F}$ ground states in the density range ${log}_{10}\ensuremath{\rho}{Y}_{e}(\mathrm{g}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3})=9.3$--9.6. The dominance of a few individual transitions allows us to present the various rates by analytical expressions at the relevant astrophysical conditions. We also derive the screening corrections to the rates.
CH in absorption in IRAS 16293−2422

While recent studies of the solar-mass protostar IRAS16293-2422 have focused on its inner arcsecond, the wealth of Herschel/HIFI data has shown that the structure of the outer envelope and of the transition region to the more diffuse ISM is not clearly constrained. We use rotational ground-state transitions of CH (methylidyne), as a tracer of the lower-density envelope. Assuming LTE, we perform a $\chi^2$ minimization of the high spectral resolution HIFI observations of the CH transitions at ~532 and ~536 GHz in order to derive column densities in the envelope and in the foreground cloud. We obtain column densities of (7.7$\pm$0.2)$\times10^{13}$ cm$^{-2}$ and (1.5$\pm$0.3)$\times10^{13}$ cm$^{-2}$, respectively. The chemical modeling predicts column densities of (0.5-2)$\times10^{13}$ cm$^{-2}$ in the envelope (depending on the cosmic-ray ionization rate), and 5$\times10^{11}$ to 2.5$\times10^{14}$ cm$^{-2}$ in the foreground cloud (depending on time). Both observed abundances are reproduced by the model at a satisfactory level. The constraints set by these observations on the physical conditions in the foreground cloud are however weak. Furthermore, the CH abundance in the envelope is strongly affected by the rate coefficient of the reaction H+CH$\rightarrow$C+H$_2$ ; further investigation of its value at low temperature would be necessary to facilitate the comparison between the model and the observations.