Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to fertility among nurses working in primary health care

Objective To explore knowledge, attitudes and practice relating to factors that affect fertility among nurses working in general practice and other primary health care settings. Design Anonymous online survey. Setting Primary care. Subjects Members of the Australian Primary Health Care Nurses Association (APNA). Main outcome measures: Fertility‐ related knowledge, attitudes and practice. Results 102 individuals completed the survey. More than half overestimated the age when male and female fertility declines and the chance of women conceiving with IVF. Most knew that smoking affects a man’s sperm but only one quarter that smoking halves a woman’s fertility. The majority recognised obesity and STI’s as detrimental for fertility and agreed that educating patients about fertility is part of primary health care nurses’ role to ask people of reproductive age about their reproductive life plan and alert them to the factors that influence fertility. The most commonly cited barrier for discussing fertility with patients was perceived lack of knowledge about the subject. Conclusion This study identified opportunities and barriers for nurses working in primary health care to proactively discuss fertility and the factors that influence the chance of conceiving with their patients. Appropriate educational resources to improve knowledge and support from general practitioners (GPs) can enable nurses working in general practice and other primary health care settings to provide effective fertility related education as part of their role as health promoters.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus Among the Inhabitants of Kumasi Metropolis

In Ghana, there is an increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the adult population, which stood at 3.35% by the end of 2013. About 8000 deaths were reported from diabetes in 2013. Changing dietary patterns and lifestyles are associated with the upsurge of DM and in Kumasi the prevalence is 9%. This work sought to determine DM prevalence and associated risk factors among adults in the Kumasi metropolis. The study involved 113 adults from the Oforikrom sub metro. Body Mass Index (BMI) were calculated from weight and height. Venous blood samples were collected for the determination of fasting blood glucose (FBG) using a spectrophotometer. Systolic and diastolic pressures were determined and socio-demographic data were collected using questionnaires. Mean age of participants was 41.8±1.3 years (females=44.9 and males=34.6, p<0.001), mean BMI was 27.3±0.6 kg/m2 (females=29.4 versus males=22.5 kg/m2, p<0.001) and mean FBG was 4.93±0.1 mmol/L (females= 4.97 versus males=4.84, p=0.55). Prevalence of hypoglycemia was 11.5%, normoglycaemia 74.3%, prediabetes 10.7% and diabetes was 3.5%. Close to 35% and 27% were obese and overweight respectively. More females were overweight or obese (82.3%) than the males (15%), p<0.001. Binary regression analysis showed gender as the only significant predictor of high FBG, with females having a 2.76 (95% CI 0.6, 12.7) increased odds of having high FBG compared to males. BMI, age, exercise, family history and diet were not significant predictors of FBG. In this population there was 3.5% observed prevalence of DM, similar to national prevalence, high prevalence of overweight and obesity, associated with female gender.
Can obesity in early childhood be influenced by lifestyle interventions during pregnancy? A systematic review of the literature

Evidence suggests that adverse nutritional exposures during in-utero development may contribute to heightened risk of obesity in childhood. Pregnancy offers the opportunity to modify the intrauterine environment by manipulation of diet and/or physical activity, which may result in favourable health benefits for the child. The objective of this systematic review was to determine whether antenatal lifestyle interventions in pregnant women, aimed at modifying diet and/or physical activity, lead to a reduction in measures of offspring obesity in early childhood. Three electronic databases were searched from January 1990 to July 2017 for antenatal interventions with subsequent offspring follow-up publications. Eight trials were identified. Five trials included women from all body mass index (BMI) categories, three trials included obese women only. Children in the offspring follow-up studies were aged 6 months to 7 years. Measures of adiposity in the offspring (n=1989) included weight, BMI, z-scores, circumferences and skinfold thicknesses. Two studies, focusing on obese women only, reported reduced measures of adiposity (subscapular skinfold thickness and weight-for-age z-score) at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The remaining six studies, two from infancy and four in early childhood found no effect on measures of adiposity. Measures of obesity up to 12 months of age have been shown to be reduced by antenatal lifestyle interventions during pregnancy in obese women. Due to the heterogeneity of the methodology of the antenatal interventions and the reported offspring outcomes we were unable to draw any conclusion on the influence of antenatal interventions on measures of obesity in early childhood.
The effect of career information service on improving students’ career understanding

The study aims at discovering description to career understanding of before and after treatment and at discovering career information service has an influence on the career understanding of students. This type of research is a quantitative of research type with an experimental research design of true experimental type. The sampling technique uses random sampling technique with the lottery method. Data collection techniques used two tools, namely the scale of social empathy and observation. Data analysis techniques used descriptive data analysis and inferential data analysis. The results showed that: (1) The level of career understanding of students at before being treated in this case career information services were in the low category, but after being treated the level of career understanding of students had increased or were in the very high category. (2) Career information services have an influence in improving student’s career understanding. This means that if the career information service is implemented it will help improve student’s career understanding.
Forecasting in the euro area: The role of the US long rate

This letter analyses the relationship between economic variables in the euro area and the United States and determines the importance of various indicators in forecasting the euro area macroeconomy. Results using a novel empirical technique show that innovations in the U.S. long-term interest rate (long rate) explain substantial variation in euro area GDP and inflation. This finding is consistent over a historical sample and supports the emphasis placed on U.S. economic conditions when constructing projections of the euro area macroeconomic outlook. The important contribution of the U.S. long rate most likely indicates its value as a proxy for the state of the global economy.
Time-Dependent Propagation of Tsunami-Generated Acoustic–Gravity Waves in the Atmosphere

Tsunami-generated linear acoustic–gravity waves in the atmosphere with altitude-dependent vertical stratification and horizontal background winds are studied with the long-term goal of real-time tsunami warning. The initial-value problem is examined using Fourier–Laplace transforms to investigate the time dependence and to compare the cases of anelastic and compressible atmospheres. The approach includes formulating the linear propagation of acoustic–gravity waves in the vertical, solving the vertical displacement of waves and pressure perturbations numerically as a set of coupled ODEs in the Fourier–Laplace domain, and employing den Iseger’s algorithm to carry out a fast and accurate numerical inverse Laplace transform. Results are presented for three cases with different atmospheric and tsunami profiles. Horizontal background winds enhance wave advection in the horizontal but hinder the vertical transmission of internal waves through the whole atmosphere. The effect of compressibility is significant. The rescaled vertical displacement of internal waves at 100-km altitude shows an arrival at the early stage of wave development due to the acoustic branch that is not present in the anelastic case. The long-term displacement also shows an O(1) difference between the compressible and anelastic results for the cases with uniform and realistic stratification. Compressibility hence affects both the speed and amplitude of energy transmitted to the upper atmosphere because of fast acoustic waves.
Evaluation of Subclinical Systolic Dysfunction in Patient with Grade 1 Diastolic Dysfunction

ackground: Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated that nearly half of all patients with heart failure (HF) have preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFPEF). Thereby it is mandatory to include other hemodynamic indices in the traditional evaluation of the systolic function of the heart beside the EF. Aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of subclinical systolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients with diastolic dysfunction referred for echocardiograph assessment of left ventricular function in a hospital. Methods: 30 patients were recruited from the Echocardiography lab. The analysis of diastolic dysfunction was based on the E/A ratio using PWDoppler echocardiogram. measurement of EF and SV by measuring end systolic and end diastolic dimensions of left ventricle by MMode guided 2D echocardiogram. Measurement of HR from ECG. calculation of SI. CO and CI were done. Results & Discussion: The percentages of parameters which were found below normal levels are as follow: SV: 33.3% (10 out of 30 patients). SI : 40%(12 out of 30 patients). CO: 20%(6 out of 30 patients) and CI:53.3%(16 out of 30 patients). Conclusion : EF is not enough in evaluation subclinical systolic impairment in HT patient , CI should be used in concomitant with EF in traditional evaluation of any patient with suspicion of HF.
New Global Characterization of Landslide Exposure

Landslides triggered by intense rainfall are hazards that impact people and infrastructure across the world, but comprehensively quantifying exposure to these hazards remains challenging. Unlike earthquakes or flooding which cover large areas, landslides primarily occur in highly susceptible parts of a landscape affected by intense rainfall or seismic shaking, 10 which may not intersect human settlement or infrastructure. Existing global landslide inventories generally include only those reported to have caused impacts, leading to significant biases toward both locations where impacts are common and areas with higher reporting capacity. To address the limits of report-based inventories, we have combined a globally homogenous landslide hazard proxy derived from satellite data with open-source datasets on population, roads and infrastructure to consistently estimate global exposure to landslide hazards. These exposure models compare favourably with existing datasets 15 of rainfall-triggered landslide fatalities, while filling in major gaps in inventory-based estimates in parts of the world with lower reporting capacity. Our findings also, for the first time, distinguish relative levels of landslide hazard mitigation between different countries.
Falling film with insoluble surfactants: effects of surface elasticity and surface viscosities

The stability of a thin falling film with both surface elasticity and surface viscosities induced by insoluble surfactants on its free surface is studied. Based on the full Navier–Stokes equations and surfactant concentration equation with corresponding boundary conditions, a weighted residual model (WRM) is derived to investigate the long-wave instability of the thin film incorporating the influence of surfactants. The Chebyshev spectral collocation method is employed to solve the linear stability of the film. The results show good agreement between the WRM and full equations. It is found that surface elasticity decreases the temporal growth rate and increases the critical Reynolds number, showing a stabilizing impact on the film. And the surface viscosity effect slightly reduces the growth rate and cutoff wavenumber while it does not alter the critical Reynolds number. Nonlinear travelling wave solutions are obtained using the WRM equations. As the surface elasticity is enhanced, the speed of travelling waves gradually approaches the corresponding linear neutral value, implying that the dispersion effect is damped; and the amplitudes of both fast waves and slow waves are suppressed by surface elasticity. Moreover, the bifurcation diagram of travelling waves is influenced by the surface viscosity, which basically promotes the speed of travelling waves with relatively large wavelengths. As the surface viscosity effect becomes stronger, for fast waves the amplitude of the humps slightly increases while that of the troughs becomes smaller for slow waves.
Maximizing Cross-Cultural Learning From Exchange Study Abroad Programs: Transformative Learning Theory

While some institutions require their students to spend a semester abroad as a prerequisite to earning a business degree, academics challenge the view that travel abroad helps students become culturally competent. Many students admit that they failed to immerse themselves in a cross-cultural environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the components of exchange study abroad programs (ESP) that facilitate student cross-cultural learning (CCL). Building on transformative learning theory (TLT), we propose and test a conceptual model of relationships between different components of exchange programs and student CCL. The data collected from more than 700 students participating in a semester and two-semester-long programs are analyzed through logistic regression. This research contributes to the literature on the effectiveness of ESP by identifying the key components that maximize positive outcomes for students. By building on TLT, it reveals the importance of getting out of one’s comfort zone and providing students with support during the ESP. This study bears practical implications as it provides academic institutions and students with important insights that help maximize student CCL.
Solving the ‘Learning Crisis’ In Developing Countries through Jugaad Innovation Education Technology: A Qualitative Study

This study set out to investigate how combining jugaad innovation with Education Technology (EdTech) can help solve the ‘learning crisis’ in developing countries. The problem centres on education quality; large volumes of underprivileged students in developing countries are attending school, but many fail to learn basic skills (The World Bank, 2018:3). Globally, over 617m students are failing to achieve minimum proficiency standards in maths and reading (UNESCO, 2017). Consequently, the global problem in education is not simply about the provision of learning but also ensuring high quality (Pearson PLC, 2018). This research explores how jugaad innovation, including key themes such as the jugaad innovation process and jugaad operating models, could inspire the development and use of EdTech in order to improve education quality for the masses in developing nations. In order to investigate how jugaad innovation theory and EdTech can help solve the ‘learning crisis’, this study used a case study approach and four semistructured interviews. The investigation relied on understanding the interviewees’ experiences, how they describe them, and the meaning behind those experiences. As jugaad theory is not well understood in practice (Agnihotri, 2015; Ajith & Goyal, 2016; Jain & Prabhu, 2015), a case study with semi-structured interviews achieved a better insight, through uncovering rich, empirical evidence to answer ‘how’ and ‘why’ questions (Ridder, 2017). Jain & Prabhu’s (2015) work highlighted three core principles of jugaad innovation: frugality, flexibility and inclusivity. Jugaad is a verb to describe the innovation process itself, and a noun to characterise the process outcomes. Conceptual views suggest jugaad innovators put diffused education technologies through a jugaad innovation process, whilst utilising a human rights-based approach to education quality. Therefore helping to deliver quality learning for consumers at the bottom of the pyramid. However, the findings of this study advocate that although a human-rights based approach is essential; high quality learning content, educational scaffolding, an understanding of factors impacting technology adoption and the use of traditional teaching methods are also important in solving the ‘learning crisis’. A partnership operating model is required to combine jugaad innovation with EdTech; and to scale and commercialise such innovations. Findings also identified a fourth, holistic principle of the jugaad innovation process, namely, iterative design. The study’s findings put forward ways to implement a frugal, flexible, inclusive and iterative EdTech innovation process. Results confirm that education quality is multidisciplinary (EdQual, 2010). Jugaad innovators must partner with state departments of education and/or NGO’s to access their network of learners, resources and capabilities. This will serve learners at the bottom of the pyramid in volume and mitigate against the problem of ultrathin per consumer margins (Kansal, 2016).
Articaine-only buccal infiltrations for mandibular molar extractions: an alternative to inferior dental nerve blocks

This article assesses the efficacy of the articaine-only buccal infiltration technique (AOBIT) in providing LA for adult mandibular molar extractions. In 112 patients the AOBIT effectiveness was judged against the need for repeat or supplemental infiltrations and rescue 2% lidocaine inferior dental blocks (IDBs). Sufficient anaesthesia was achieved in 57% of patients using the AOBIT, with another 27% requiring an additional dose via the AOBIT. The remaining 16% required a rescue 2% lidocaine IDB. The AOBIT could be a suitable alternative to 2% lidocaine IDBs for routine adult mandibular molar extractions, and may subsequently reduce the incidence of LA-related nerve injury. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Debilitating nerve injury in relation to the administration of IDBs may be more common than we think. This article assesses the articaine-only buccal infiltration technique (AOBIT) as an alternative in providing local anaesthesia for routine adult mandibular molar extractions.
Effet de l’estime de soi sur la mémoire épisodique (rappel et reconnaissance) et la métamémoire (jugements FOK) chez les étudiants

Dans l’objectif d’examiner les liens entre l’Estime de Soi et la memoire, un groupe d’etudiants a complete le questionnaire d’Estime de Soi de Rosenberg et realise une tâche de memoire episodique (rappel indice et reconnaissance) incluant des jugements de metamemoire (Feeling-Of-Knowing : jugements de reconnaissance et precision du jugement). Les resultats ont montre que plus l’Estime de Soi des participants est faible, moins ils rappellent de mots et moins les jugements de Feeling-Of-Knowing sont precis. En particulier, une Estime de Soi faible est associee a une sous-evaluation des performances de reconnaissance. Les resultats sont discutes a la lumiere du modele du Self-Memory-System (SMS, Conway, 2005), suggerant que certains aspects de la metamemoire pourraient etre associes au Soi executif, une composante du SMS permettant d’assurer la coherence entre les objectifs du Soi et les performances a la tâche en cours.
Drill and broadcast establishment methods influence interseeded cover crop performance in organic corn

Abstract Organic grain producers are interested in interseeding cover crops into corn (Zea mays L.) in regions that have a narrow growing season window for post-harvest establishment of cover crops. A field experiment was replicated across 2 years on three commercial organic farms in Pennsylvania to compare the effects of drill- and broadcast-interseeding to standard grower practices, which included post-harvest seeding cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) at the more southern location and winter fallow at the more northern locations. Drill- and broadcast-interseeding treatments occurred just after last cultivation and used a cover crop mixture of annual ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] + orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) + forage radish (Raphanus sativus L. ssp. longipinnatus). Higher mean fall cover crop biomass and forage radish abundance (% of total) was observed in drill-interseeding treatments compared with broadcast-interseeding. However, corn grain yield and weed suppression and N retention in late-fall and spring were similar among interseeding treatments, which suggests that broadcast-interseeding at last cultivation has the potential to produce similar production and conservation benefits at lower labor and equipment costs in organic systems. Post-harvest seeding cereal rye resulted in greater spring biomass production and N retention compared with interseeded cover crops at the southern location, whereas variable interseeding establishment success and dominance of winter-killed forage radish produced conditions that increased the likelihood of N loss at more northern locations. Additional research is needed to contrast conservation benefits and management tradeoffs between interseeding and post-harvest establishment methods.