Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced India‐Africa Carbon Uptake and Asia‐Pacific Carbon Release Associated With the 2019 Extreme Positive Indian Ocean Dipole

The 2019 extreme positive Indian Ocean dipole drove climate extremes over Indian Ocean rim countries with unclear carbon‐cycle responses. We investigated its impact on net biome productivity (NBP) and its constituent fluxes, using the Global Carbon Assimilation System (GCASv2) product, process‐based model simulations from TRENDYv9, and satellite‐based gross primary productivity (GPP). By distinguishing two separate regions, the India‐Africa and Asia‐Pacific, GCASv2 indicated enhanced terrestrial carbon uptake of 0.23 ± 0.20 PgC and release of 0.38 ± 0.15 PgC, respectively, during September–December (SOND) 2019. These NBP anomalies had comparable magnitudes to those following the 2015 extreme El Niño which, however, caused the consistent carbon release in both regions. The TRENDYv9 model ensemble confirmed these NBP responses, albeit with smaller magnitudes. These regional NBP anomalies were related to soil moisture variations with a dominant role of GPP. Understanding the impact of IOD provides new insights into mechanisms driving interannual variations in regional carbon cycling.
Carbon substitution in MgB2 single crystals: Structural and superconducting properties

The growth of carbon-substituted magnesium diboride MgsB1˛xCxd2 single crystals with 0 x 0.15 is reported, and the structural, transport, and magnetization data are presented. The superconducting transition temperature decreases monotonically with increasing carbon content in the full investigated range of substitution. By adjusting the nominal composition, Tc of substituted crystals can be tuned in a wide temperature range between 10 and 39 K. Simultaneous introduction of disorder by carbon substitution and significant increase of the upper critical field Hc2 is observed. Comparing with the nonsubstituted compound, Hc2 at 15 K for x = 0.05 is enhanced by more than a factor of 2 for H oriented both perpendicular and parallel to the ab plane. This enhancement is accompanied by a reduction of the Hc2-anisotropy coefficient g from 4.5 sfor the nonsubstituted compoundd to 3.4 and 2.8 for the crystals with x = 0.05 and 0.095, respectively. At temperatures below 10 K, the single crystal with larger carbon content shows Hc2 sdefined at zero resistanced higher than 7 and 24 T for H oriented perpendicular and parallel to the ab plane, respectively. Observed increase of Hc2 cannot be explained by the change in the coherence length due to the disorder-induced decrease of the mean free path only.
On the conflict between local realism and classical physics

In contrast to the intuitively plausible assumption of local realism, entangled particles, even when isolated, are not allowed to possess definite properties in their own right, as quantitatively expressed by violations of Bell's inequalities [1]. Even as entanglement is now a key feature of quantum information and communication technology [2,3], it remains the most puzzling feature of quantum mechanics [4] and its conceptual foundation is still widely debated. Here we demonstrate that physical systems providing dicotomic outcomes are not able to guarantee both the rotation properties of physical quantities and local realism. This result opens the way to a new formulation of quantum mechanics based on only two elementary physical principles replacing the abstract mathematical axiomes of the present theory. According to this formulation, the coexistence of discrete outcomes with the classical continuous transformation properties of physical quantities under coordinate transformation inevitably implies quantum probabilities. These results, provide a simple physical explanation to the most debated quantum features and put into question the existence of physical quantities displaying continuous outcomes in agreement with approaches that attempt to integrate quantum theory with general relativity [5-8].
Bayesian naturalness, simplicity, and testability applied to the $B-L$ MSSM GUT using GPU Monte Carlo

The lack of decisive experimental results to settle fundamental questions in physics has led to increasing reliance upon intuitive criteria such as naturalness, simplicity, and testability. We argue that Bayesian inference automatically accounts for these criteria, favoring models that are natural, simple, and testable. We review existing work on Bayesian naturalness, and apply it to the problem of the proton mass. The result shows that Bayesian naturalness provides a better quantification of naturalness than other measures. We then apply a similar analysis to a simple GUT. The results suggest, and we argue, that Bayesian inference favors simple theories. Using Monte Carlo integration on a GPU, we apply this analysis to the $B-L$ MSSM GUT to simultaneously weigh the simplicity and naturalness of that model and find it to be favored over the puzzle model. In the conclusion we briefly argue that testable models also will be favored by Bayesian inference and discuss implications for future research.
On Some Robust Estimates of Location

1. Summary. During the past 15 years various approaches have been proposed to deal with the lack of robustness of the sample mean as an estimate of the population mean when the distribution sampled is contaminated by gross errors, i.e., has heavier tails than the normal distribution. First, Tukey and the Statistical Research Group at Princeton in [9] suggested and investigated the properties of "trimmed" and "Winsorized" means. More recently, Hodges and Lehmarn [6], proposed estimates related to the well-known robust Wilcoxon and normal scores tests, among others. Finally Huber in [7] considered essentially the class of maximum likelihood estimates and found those members of this class which minimize the maximum variance over various classes of contaminated distributions. For a review of work in these directions in testing as well as estimation the reader is referred to Elashoff [3]. In Theoremns 3.1 and 3.2 we state the main results of the asymptotic theory of the Winsorized and trimmed means and outline the proof. An alternative method of trimming and Winsorizing (not equivalent to that of Tukey) which encompasses the efficient estimates proposed by Huber and which generalizes to higher dimensions is discussed in Section 2. The fourth section (Theorem 4.1) gives the miniinum efficiency with respect to the families of all symmetric and symmetric unimiodal distributions, of the Winsorized and trimmed means with respect to the mean. The lower bounds found for the trimmed means (for small trimming proportions) in the unimodal case compare well with that found by Hodges and Lehmann in [5] for the median of averages of pairs, the Hodges-Lehmann estimate. However, the Winsorized
Efficiency Analysis of Five Conventional Commercial Banks in Indonesia by Examining the Principles of Sustainable Finance

This research analyzes the efficiency of conventional commercial banks in Indonesia by examining the principles of sustainable finance. This research only examines 5 banks in Indonesia during 2019-2021 due to the availability of data obtained from the sustainability report. The efficiency scores in 2019-2021 will be calculated using the DEA method with an output-oriented Bankers-Charnes-Cooper (BCC) assumption or Variable Return to Scale (VRS) assumption and an intermediation approach. Third-party funds, other operating expenses, and energy efficiency are input variables used in this research. Credit and securities are the output variables. In general, the results of this research conclude that several banks in Indonesia have a DEA efficiency score equal to 1 or have worked efficiently and the bank that always works efficiently during 2019-2021 is BCA. The practical implications to improve bank efficiency for banks that are not yet efficient are to maximize the distribution of funds through credit and securities, then these banks also need to take advantage of technological advances.
The Nonlinear Evolution of the Bispectrum in Scale-free N-Body Simulations

We have accurately measured the bispectrum for four scale-free models of structure formation with spectral indices of n = 1, 0, -1, and -2. The measurements are based on a new method that can effectively eliminate alias and numerical artifacts and reliably extend the analysis into the strongly nonlinear regime. This work makes use of a set of state-of-the-art N-body simulations that have significantly increased the resolution range compared with previous studies on the subject. With these measured results, we demonstrate that the measured bispectrum depends on the shape and size of the k-triangle even in the strongly nonlinear regime. It increases with wavenumber and decreases with the spectral index. These results are in contrast with the hypothesis that the reduced bispectrum is a constant in the strongly nonlinear regime. We also show that the fitting formula of Scoccimarro and Frieman does not describe our simulation results well (with a typical error of about 40%). In the end, we present a new fitting formula for the reduced bispectrum that is valid for -2 ≤ n ≤ 0, with a typical error of only 10%.
Structural distortion behind the nematic superconductivity in SrxBi2Se3

An archetypical layered topological insulator Bi2Se3 becomes superconductive upon doping with Sr, Nb or Cu. Superconducting properties of these materials in the presence of in-plane magnetic field demonstrate spontaneous symmetry breaking: 180◦-rotation symmetry of superconductivity versus 120◦-rotation symmetry of the crystal. Such behavior brilliantly confirms nematic topological superconductivity. To what extent this nematicity is due to superconducting pairing in these materials, rather than due to crystal structure distortions? This question remains unanswered, because so far no visible deviations from the 3-fold crystal symmetry were resolved in these materials. To address this question we grow high quality single crystals of SrxBi2Se3, perform detailed x-ray diffraction and magnetotransport studies and reveal that the observed superconducting nematicity direction correlates with the direction of small structural distortions in these samples (∼0.02% elongation in one crystallographic direction). Additional anisotropy comes from orientation of the crystallite axes. 2-fold symmetry of magnetoresistance observed in the most uniform crystals well above the critical temperature demonstrates that these structural distortions are nevertheless strong enough. Our data in combination with strong sample-to-sample variation of the superconductive anisotropy parameter are indicative for significance of the structural factor in the apparent nematic superconductivity in SrxBi2Se3.
Integrated High-Throughput Sequencing, Microarray Hybridization and Degradome Analysis Uncovers MicroRNA-Mediated Resistance Responses of Maize to Pathogen Curvularia lunata

Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boed, the causal agent of leaf spot in maize, is prone to mutation, making it difficult to control. RNAi technology has proven to be an important tool of genetic engineering and functional genomics aimed for crop improvement. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which act as post-transcriptional regulators, often cause translational repression and gene silencing. In this article, four small RNA (sRNA) libraries were generated from two maize genotypes inoculated by C. lunata; among these, ltR1 and ltR2 were from the susceptible variety Huangzao 4 (HZ), ltR3 and ltR4, from the resistant variety Luyuan (LY), and 2286, 2145, 1556 and 2504 reads were annotated as miRNA in these four sRNA libraries, respectively. Through the combined analysis of high-throughput sequencing, microarray hybridization and degradome, 48 miRNAs were identified as being related to maize resistance to C. lunata. Among these, PC-732 and PC-169, two new maize miRNAs discovered, were predicted to cleave mRNAs of metacaspase 1 (AMC1) and thioredoxin family protein (Trx), respectively, possibly playing crucial roles in the resistance of maize to C. lunata. To further confirm the role of PC-732 in the interaction of maize and C. lunata, the miRNA was silenced through STTM (short tandem target mimic) technology, and we found that knocking down PC-732 decreased the susceptibility of maize to C. lunata. Precisely speaking, the target gene of PC-732 might inhibit the expression of disease resistance-related genes during the interaction between maize and C. lunata. Overall, the findings of this study indicated the existence of miRNAs involved in the resistance of maize to C. lunata and will contribute to rapidly clarify the resistant mechanism of maize to C. lunata.
Family Health among Families with Primary School Children during the COVID Pandemic in Thailand, 2022

Despite evidence suggesting that the COVID pandemic has negatively affected the mental health and well-being of school aged children and parents, there are limited studies describing the state of family well-being. This study aimed to use the family health lens to assess the well-being of Thai families with primary school children and to identify its associated factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted during January and March 2022, a period of school closure when onsite education was replaced by online education from time to time. The family health scale (FHS) questionnaire survey was carried out among 701 parents of Thai families with primary school children. The questionnaire comprised 10 questions regarding family belief, health, relationships, financial security, and housing environment. Independent variables included: (1) parental/household factors; (2) online learning related issues; (3) children’s mental health; and (4) parents’ health behaviors. Multinomial logistic regression was undertaken. Results showed that half of Thai families (54.6%) reported having moderate health status. Factors that were associated with lower levels of family health, such as poor or moderate levels, included families with a child that had mental health problems (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 5.0 [95% CI = 2.6–9.5] for poor v. excellent, and AOR = 2.7 [95% CI = 1.9–4.0] for moderate v. excellent), single parents (AOR = 2.5 [95% CI = 1.2–5.2] for poor v. excellent), a higher number (≥3) of children (AOR = 2.1 [95% CI = 1.0–4.0] for moderate v. excellent), and smoking parents (AOR = 6.5 [95% CI =1.2–34.8] for poor v. excellent). During health emergencies, health policy for providing adequate assistance to single parents, especially those that have a child with mental health problems, is of utmost importance. The design of health promotion activities and interventions should be targeted not only at single families, but also families with higher numbers of children and parents who smoke at home.
The Role of Object Physical Properties in Human Handover Actions: Applications in Robotics

Observing how humans interact with each other and how they manipulate objects, offer insight on interaction mechanisms and how these are influenced by the physical properties of the used objects. These insights can support a more informed design of robot controllers meant to manipulate objects in collaboration with humans. In this work, we study human-to-human handovers of cups filled with various amount of liquid and textures and investigate to which extent the manipulation strategy depends on: 1) the individual preference; 2) whether the cup is filled with water or not; and 3) the cup physical properties. An analysis of the human giver’s hand acceleration, velocity, and position during the handover of different cups under two liquid level conditions, allows to distinguish between careful and not careful (normal) manipulation. We quantify to which extent the liquid level inside the cups influences the carefulness level of human manipulation. Finally, our study reveals that the cups’ physical properties, such as fragility, breakability, and deformability, play a role in shaping the carefulness of the manipulation. We apply these findings to human–robot scenarios by developing a robot controller capable of detecting, in realtime, if the human is being more careful than normal, and adapting the robot’s approach of interaction accordingly. Additionally, we show that the detection of a careful manipulation, depending on the experimental context, may provide the robot with information concerning the human partner’s intention or need for (manipulation) assistance.
Multiple Hypothesis Testing in Microarray Experiments

DNA microarrays are part of a new and promising class of biotechnologies that allow the monitoring of expression levels in cells for thousands of genes simultaneously. An important and common question in DNA microarray experiments is the identiﬁcation of differentially expressed genes, that is, genes whose expression levels are associated with a response or covariate of interest. The biological question of differential expression can be restated as a problem in multiple hypothesis testing: the simultaneous test for each gene of the null hypothesis of no association between the expression levels and the responses or covariates. As a typical microarray experiment measures expression levels for thousands of genes simultaneously, large multiplicity problems are generated. This article discusses different approaches to multiple hypothesis testing in the context of DNA microarray experiments and compares the procedures on microarray and simulated data sets.
Tailoring 
Tc
 by symmetry principles: The concept of superconducting fitness

We propose a generalization of the concept of superconducting fitness, which allows us to make statements analogous to Anderson's theorems concerning the stability of different superconducting states. This concept can be applied to complex materials with several orbital, layer, sublattice or valley degrees of freedom. The superconducting fitness parameters $F_A(\bf{k})$ and $F_C(\bf{k})$ give a direct measure of the robustness of the weak coupling instability and of the presence of detrimental terms in the Hamiltonian, respectively. These two parameters can be employed as a guide to engineer normal state Hamiltonians in order to favour or suppress superconducting order parameters with different symmetries and topological properties. To illustrate the applicability and power of this concept we study three cases: the non-centrosymmetric heavy fermion $\text{CePt}_3\text{Si}$, the hole doped iron pnictide $\text{KFe}_2\text{As}_2$ and the doped topological insulator $\text{Cu}_x\text{Bi}_2\text{Se}_3$.
Neutron lifetime measurements with a large gravitational trap for ultracold neutrons

Neutron lifetime is one of the most important physical constants which determines parameters of the weak interaction and predictions of primordial nucleosynthesis theory. There remains the unsolved problem of a 3.9{\sigma} discrepancy between measurements of this lifetime using neutrons in beams and those with stored neutrons (UCN). In our experiment we measure the lifetime of neutrons trapped by Earth's gravity in an open-topped vessel. Two configurations of the trap geometry are used to change the mean frequency of UCN collisions with the surfaces - this is achieved by plunging an additional surface into the trap without breaking the vacuum. The trap walls are coated with a hydrogen-less fluorine-containing polymer to reduce losses of UCN. The stability of this coating to multiple thermal cycles between 80 K and 300 K was tested. At 80 K, the probability of UCN loss due to collisions with the trap walls is just 1.5% of the probability of beta-decay. The free neutron lifetime is determined by extrapolation to an infinitely large trap with zero collision frequency. The result of these measurements is 881.5 +/- 0. 7_stat +/- 0. 6_syst s which is consistent with the conventional value of 880.2 +/- 1.0 s presented by the Particle Data Group. Future prospects for this experiment are in further cooling to 10 K which will lead to an improved accuracy of measurement. In conclusion we present an analysis of currently-available data on various measurements of the neutron lifetime.
Moduli Spaces of Point Configurations and Plane Curve Counts

We identify certain Gromov–Witten invariants counting rational curves with given incidence and tangency conditions with the Euler characteristics of moduli spaces of point configurations in projective spaces. On the Gromov–Witten side, S. Fomin and G. Mikhalkin established a recurrence relation via tropicalization, which is realized on the moduli space side using Donaldson–Thomas invariants of subspace quivers.
Influences of fiber content on properties of self‐compacting steel fiber reinforced concrete

Abstract This paper deals with the mix design and mechanical properties of self‐compacting steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). By using superplasticizers and mineral admixtures such as slag and fly ash, three SFRC of different fiber contents (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) and one plain concrete with high fluidity (slump ≈250mm) have successfully been developed without bleeding or segregation. The compressive and flexural strengths, flexural toughness as well as shrinkage and creep of the four mixes of concrete were studied. It has been shown that increasing steel fiber content can improve the flexural strength and toughness of self‐compacting SFRC even though its compressive strength could be reduced due to the increase of air content. It has also been found that the addition of steel fibers can efficiently reduce both the autogenous and drying shrinkages of the self‐compacting SFRC. The models of ACI Committee 209 accurately predicted the autogenous shrinkage of the plain self‐compacting concrete but they overestimated its drying shrinkage and creep.
Comparison of Damping Mechanisms for Transverse Waves in Solar Coronal Loops

We present a method to assess the plausibility of alternative mechanisms to explain the damping of magnetohydrodynamic transverse waves in solar coronal loops. The considered mechanisms are resonant absorption of kink waves in the Alfvén continuum, phase mixing of Alfvén waves, and wave leakage. Our methods make use of Bayesian inference and model comparison techniques. We first infer the values for the physical parameters that control the wave damping, under the assumption of a particular mechanism, for typically observed damping timescales. Then, the computation of marginal likelihoods and Bayes factors enable us to quantify the relative plausibility between the alternative mechanisms. We find that, in general, the evidence is not large enough to support a single particular damping mechanism as the most plausible one. Resonant absorption and wave leakage offer the most probable explanations in strong damping regimes, while phase mixing is the best candidate for weak/moderate damping. When applied to a selection of 89 observed transverse loop oscillations, with their corresponding measurements of damping timescales and taking into account data uncertainties, we find that positive evidence for a given damping mechanism is only available in a few cases.
Spectra and Structure of Accretion Disks with Nonzero Inner Torque

We present numerical spectral and vertical structure calculations appropriate for near-Eddington-luminosity, radiation-pressure-dominated accretion disks around stellar-mass black holes. We cover a wide range of black hole spins and incorporate dissipation profiles based on first-principles three-dimensional MHD disk interior simulations. We also include nonzero stresses at the innermost stable circular orbit, which results in the disk effective temperature increasing rapidly toward the black hole and gives rise to rather extreme conditions with high temperatures and low surface densities. We found that local annulus spectra become increasingly characteristic of saturated Comptonization with decreasing distance to the black hole. While the spectra become harder with increasing black hole spin, they do not give rise to a broad power-law tail even at maximum spin. We discuss the implications of our results in the context of the steep power-law state and the associated high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations observed in some X-ray binary systems.