Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Smith ScholarWorks Smith ScholarWorks

The UK Biobank (UKB) is a highly promising dataset for brain biomarker research into population mental health due to its unprecedented sample size and extensive phenotypic, imaging, and biological measurements. In this study, we aimed to provide a shared foundation for UKB neuroimaging research into mental health with a focus on anxiety and depression. We compared UKB self-report measures and revealed important timing effects between scan acquisition and separate online acquisition of some mental health measures. To overcome these timing effects, we introduced and validated the Recent Depressive Symptoms (RDS-4) score which we recommend for state-dependent and longitudinal research in the UKB. We furthermore tested uni-variate and multivariate associations between brain imaging-derived phenotypes (IDPs) and mental health. Our results showed a significant multivariate relationship between IDPs and mental health, which was replicable. Conversely, effect sizes for individual IDPs were small. Test – retest reliability of IDPs was stronger for measures of brain structure than for measures of brain function. Taken together, these results provide benchmarks and guidelines for future UKB research into brain biomarkers of mental health.
Opleiding Informatica Structural systematicity under varying meaning spaces

In this study, the causal relationship between meaning space and various language metrics including topsim, bosdis, posdis, and mutual information was examined. The findings indicate that the pressure to generalize to new inputs may not necessarily drive the development of a compositional language. While meaning space does seem to influence mutual information and generalization to some degree, the relationship between topographic similarity and mutual information wasn’t conclusively positive. This leads to a hypothesis that agents might develop holistic languages, which differ fundamentally from compositional languages. Theresults align with prior research, suggesting that group size, rather than meaning space, influences compositionality due to increased input variability. While topsim and posdis displayed correlated behaviors, bosdis deviated, highlighting its unique property. The insights shed light on the nuances of language emergence and the complexities surrounding metrics like bosdis, posdis, and topsim. This work sets a foundation for future exploration into how disentanglement metrics can better measure language properties.
Comparative therapeutic e�cacy of interferon and combination Kaletra plus interferon alpha-2b against SARS-CoV-2

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) posed an enormous threat to public health. The use of antiviral drugs in patients with this disease have triggered people’s attentions. Whether interferon alfa-2b or Kaletra plus interferon alfa-2b treatment can against SARS-CoV-2 was unknown. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 123 laboratory-conrmed COVID-19 patients between Jan.13 2020 and Apr. 23. All patients received standard supportive care and regular clinical monitoring, patients were assigned to standard care group (n=12), interferon alfa-2b group (n=44), and combination Kaletra plus interferon alfa-2b group (n=67) according to their therapies. The primary endpoint for this study was the duration of oxygen-support requirement and virus clearance time. The associations of therapies with these outcomes were assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were similar among 3 groups (p(cid:0)0.05). There was no signi�cant association of Kaletra /interferon alfa-2b with faster SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.45–1.61]; P = 0.61 in interferon alfa-2b group vs HR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.32–1.11]; P = 0.10 in Kaletra plus interferon alfa-2b group). The duration of oxygen-support requirement in therapy groups similarly showed no signi�cant association. There were no differences among 3 groups in the incidence of adverse events (p(cid:0)0.05). Conclusions: In patients with con�rmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, no bene�t was observed with interferon alfa-2b and Kaletra plus interferon alfa-2b treatment beyond standard care. Further trials in appropriately randomized design may contribute to validate the effective role and safety pro�le of the test drugs.
Approximation from Shift-Invariant Subspaces of L 2 (ℝ d )

A complete characterization is given of closed shift-invariant subspaces of L2(Rd) which provide a specified approximation order. When such a space is principal (i.e., generated by a single function), then this characterization is in terms of the Fourier transform of the generator. As a special case, we obtain the classical Strang-Fix conditions, but without requiring the generating function to decay at infinity. The approximation order of a general closed shift-invariant space is shown to be already realized by a specifiable principal subspace.
An empirical model of the occurrence of an additional layer in the ionosphere from the occultation technique: Preliminary results

About 8 year electron density profile (EDP) data from the COSMIC/FORMOSAT‐3 satellites radio occultation technique were used to investigate the additional stratification of the F2 (the so‐called F3 layer) layer over the equatorial and low‐latitude ionosphere on a global scale for both the bottomside and topside ionosphere. The F3 layer was recognized through the altitude differential profile featured by two maxima existing from the selected EDP profile. There were ~37,000 (bottomside) and 25,000 (topside) cases of F3 layer selected out of ~1.27 million occultation events at equatorial and low‐latitude areas during the period of April 2006 to August 2014. The statistical results for the bottomside ionosphere resemble that reported in Zhao et al. (2011a), while in the topside the highest occurrence of F3 layer shows a 3–4 h delay depending on the altitude range of the stratification. The magnetic latitude distribution shows different dependence with a tendency to form a single crest toward high altitude. Also, the seasonal variation is weaker in the topside ionosphere compared to the bottomside one, especially in the high altitude. Then we build up an empirical model of the F3 layer occurrence using the bottomside statistics based on empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition as it gets the inherent characters inside the data set and converges quickly. The model well grasps the main features of the F3 occurrence, e.g., the F3 occurrence's sensitivity on the magnetic latitude. Further, in order to accommodate the ground observation a corrected factor was introduced. As F3 layer is an important phenomenon in the low‐latitude ionosphere, we have made an attempt to describe its feature with a consecutive function although future work needs to be done for an overall expression of this structure.
Effect of diurnal solar radiation regime and tree density on sap �ow of Norway spruce (Picea abies

The continuous threat of ongoing climate changes and related weather anomalies pose a signi�cant challenge to forest ecosystems. The phytosociological structure of forests plays a crucial role in determining their resilience to various biotic and abiotic stressors. Moreover, stand density, which regulates the allocation of resources within individual trees, is a vital aspect for comprehending forest functioning. This study was conducted in Norway spruce forests located in the Czech Republic, where we investigated the in�uence of tree density on sap �ow rates within three prede�ned directions corresponding to sun position during the morning (5:00–11:10 hours; East), noon (11:10–15:10 hours; South), and evening (15:10–21:10 hours; West) intervals. Tree density was calculated within a 10m radius buffer around each tree using high spatial resolution aerial imagery acquired by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). We measured the sap �ow in 10-minute intervals for 25 selected trees during the nine hottest days of the summer in 2019. We normalized sap �ow measures using the abundance of tree foliage, which was qualitatively evaluated in the �eld as a reverse estimate of defoliation. The normalized data were used in further statistical analyses. Our �ndings reveal a strong negative correlation between sap �ow and tree density, underscoring the substantial impact of neighboring tree density on tree transpiration. This relationship was most pronounced during midday, followed by the evening and morning hours, suggesting that sparser stands experience greater water de�cit. The interaction between stand density and incoming solar radiation may constitute a crucial factor allowing forests to endure and adapt to climate change and other stressors such as bark beetle infestations.
Analysis on Characteristics of Provenance of bauxite in Guizhou, China

On the basis of previous studies, characteristics of provenance of bauxite in Guizhou were comprehensive analyzed, and draws the following conclusions: 1) All he Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous have provided ore-forming materials for the formation of bauxite, but for different metallogenic regions, the main provenances are not the same; 2) Different parent rocks can provide ore-forming materials for bauxite formation in different stages, the same mother rock can also provide ore-forming materials for the same bauxite in different stages; 3) The sea level changes of South China Sea and Yangtze Sea have controled the formation of bauxite in Guizhou.
Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) conodonts from the Maruia- Springs Junction area, New Zealand

A diverse conodont fauna of 28 species has been recovered from the Sluice Box Formation, exposed in the Maruia-Lake Daniels-Springs Junction area at the southernmost extension of the fossiliferous Lower Palaeozoic terranes in the south west Nelson region of New Zealand's South Island. The fauna is characterised by several zonal index species including important age-diagnostic pectiniform taxa such as Pygodus serra, P. anitae, Eoplacognathus suecicus, Yangtzeplacognathus foliaceus, Histiodella kristinae, Dzikodus tablepointensis, Polonodus newfoundlandensis and P. clivosus. All except P. serra are reported for the first time from New Zealand, and indicate a middle to late Darriwilian age (from the E. suecicus Zone to the Y. foliaceus Subzone of the basal P. serra Zone) for the assemblage. Biostratigraphically the Maruia conodont fauna is the most well constrained known from this time interval in eastern Australia and New Zealand, and is comparable with contemporaneous offshore shelf-edge to slope assemblages previously documented from Thompson Creek in NW Nelson and from central New South Wales.
Socio-demographic gaps in mobile use, causes, and consequences: a multi-group analysis of the mobile divide model

This study examines mobile divide by gender, age, social economic status (SES), and social capital using a conceptual model of mobile divide. This model is composed of eight components of mobile divide which are divided into the following three groups: two antecedents of mobile use including innovativeness and competence, two types of actual mobile use (talk and non-talk), and consequences of mobile use including life management, resource use, network management, and personal identity display. Through a survey of 400 mobile users in Korea, our study verified the validity of the proposed model. In addition, this model enables us to examine mobile divide in two different approaches – at the level of each component and in the relations among the components. Mobile divides by gender, age, SES, and social capital existed at the level of various components. Age and SES even showed significant mobile divides in the relations between mobile uses and consequence-related components. Implications of the results in our study along with the two types of approaches to mobile divide are discussed.
Importance of soil‐water to the Caatinga biome, Brazil

Northeastern Brazil is hydrologically characterized by recurrent droughts leading to a highly vulnerable natural water resource system. The region contains the Caatinga biome, covering an area of approximately 800 000 km2. To increase insight in water balance components for this sparsely studied ecosystem, hydrology simulations were performed with the SWAP (Soil Water Atmosphere Plant) model for a Caatinga basin of 12 km2. SWAP model was developed to simulate hydrology under short‐cycle crops, and its parameterization and validation to a diverse ecosystem is a novelty. The validation of the simulations was performed using a dataset of daily soil water content measurements taken at 0.2 m depth in three sites in the basin in the period from 2004 to 2012. Average Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient for these simulations was 0.57 and root mean square error of prediction was 4.3%. The results of the simulations suggest that water components do not diverge statistically among different sites of the biome. The Caatinga biome returns 75% (±17%) of the annual precipitation to the atmosphere, whereas the partitioning of total evapotranspiration into its components (transpiration, evaporation and interception) on annual basis accounts for 41% (±7%), 40% (±6%) and 19% (±3%) respectively. Regarding water availability, the surface soil layer (0.0–0.2 m) is the most important layer in the rooted profile, supplying up to 90% of atmospheric water demand. According to our analysis performed on daily basis, evapotranspiration and air temperature are most sensitive to soil moisture during the periods June–September and December–January. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated use of organic amendments increased mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) yield and its components compared to inorganic fertilizers

Rainfall variability, low soil organic matter content, and costly inorganic fertilizers are the major agricultural constraints in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Integrated use of compost and manure is essential for sustaining soil fertility and increasing crop productivity. This study was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of compost and animal manure on mungbean growth and yield. The 12 treatments consisted of control, recommended dose of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK), 5 ton ha−1 of compost, 10 ton ha−1 of poultry, 10 ton ha−1 of cattle, and 10 ton ha−1 of sheep manure, and six combinations of organic amendments with 50% of their applied rate alone. These treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with six replications. Application of cattle manure at 10 ton ha−1 significantly increased mungbean seed yield by 66% and 84% compared to the recommended rate of NPK and control treatments, respectively. Similar observations were made on stem diameter, total pod weight, and number of seeds per pod. Plants amended with compost had the highest number of ramifications and number of pods than NPK fertilized plants, which recorded (9±) ramifications and (27±) pods per plant. On average, integrated use of 5 ton ha−1 of poultry manure + 5 ton ha−1 of cattle manure had the highest soil plant analysis development values, though not significantly different from NPK fertilizers. These results suggest that application of organic amendments could be an alternative to costly and inaccessible inorganic fertilizers for improving mungbean productivity under low‐input agriculture systems.
SPECT with 201TI and 99mTc-HMPAO. glioma: differentiation by using dual-isotope Radiation necrosis vs high-grade recurrent

Conventional imaging techniques are often unreliable in distinguishing between ra diation necrosis and recurrent glioma in patients who are symptomatic after high-dose radiotherapy. We performed dual-isotope single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with the use of thallium-201 e 0 'TI) and the perfusion agent 99 mTc-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) to aid in this differentiation in 15 patients with glioma prior to biopsy. We found that dual-isotope SPECT scanning correlated with the patho logic findings in 14 of the 15 cases. All patients with high 201 TI uptake in their treated tumor beds had local tumor recurrence, and all patients with low 201 TI uptake showed only radiation changes without evidence of solid tumor. In patients with an intermediate level of 201 TI concentration in their tumor bed, 99 mTc-HMPAO uptake differentiated those patients with active tumor from those without; three of four patients with preserved or increased perfusion had pathologic evidence of solid tumor, whereas none of the four patients with decreased perfusion to the tumor bed had evidence of local recurrence. We believe that dual-isotope SPECT with 201 TI and 99 mTc-HMPAO may be useful in differentiating sites of likely tumor growth from nonspecific radiation changes in patients treated for malignant glioma.
Adhatoda Vasica attenuates in�ammatory and hypoxic responses in preclinical mouse models: potential for repurposing in COVID-19-like conditions

Background: COVID-19 pneumonia has been associated with severe acute hypoxia, sepsis-like states, thrombosis and chronic sequelae including persisting hypoxia and �brosis. The molecular hypoxia response pathway has been associated with such pathologies and our recent observations on anti-hypoxic and anti-inammatory effects of whole aqueous extract of Adhatoda Vasica (AV) prompted us to explore its effects on relevant preclinical mouse models. Methods: In this study, we tested the effect of whole aqueous extract of AV , in murine models of bleomycin induced pulmonary �brosis, Cecum Ligation and Puncture (CLP) induced sepsis, and siRNA induced hypoxia-thrombosis phenotype. The effect on lung of AV treated naïve mice was also studied at transcriptome level. We also determined if the extract may have any direct effect on SARS-CoV2 replication Results: Oral administration AV extract attenuates increased airway in�ammation, levels of transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1), IL-6, HIF-1α and improves the overall survival rates of mice in the models of pulmonary �brosis and sepsis and rescues the siRNA induced in�ammation and associated blood coagulation phenotypes in mice. We observed downregulation of hypoxia, in�ammation, TGF-b1, and angiogenesis genes and upregulation of adaptive immunity-related genes in the lung transcriptome . AV treatment also reduced the viral load in Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV2. Conclusion: Our results provide a scienti�c rationale for this ayurvedic herbal medicine in ameliorating the hypoxia-hyperinammation features and highlights the repurposing potential of AV in COVID-19-like conditions.
Transcriptome analysis in response to endurance exercise in non-elite marathon runners

Given that endurance exercise can have a huge impact on nonelite athletes, this study set out to analyze the impact of running a marathon on nonelite athletes by identifying which systems may be differentially expressed during such activity. Blood samples were taken from 78 nonelite athletes participating in the Barcelona Marathon at three different time points: before the marathon at baseline levels (START), immediately upon completion (FINISH), and 24 hours after completion (24REST). Differential gene expression, GO term, and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were conducted performing three different comparisons obtaining 9534, 162, and 61 in START vs FINISH; 9454, 131, and 59 in FINISH vs 24REST; 454, 14, and 8 in START vs 24REST, respectively. Results showed that performing strenuous exercise signi�cantly deregulated immune system function, which could increase the risk of infection during the period after the marathon. In addition, the study also found changes in in�ammatory markers, mitochondrial function, the oxidative environment, and lipid metabolism. While gene expression did not fully recover 24 hours after the race, it was signi�cantly closer to the baseline values than it was immediately after exercising. The results obtained suggest that endurance exercise has a substantial impact on nonelite athletes and highlights potential areas for further research.
Opleiding Informatica Comparing human opinions to GPT-3.5 generated opinions on Dutch news articles

ChatGPT (GPT-3.5) has drawn significant attention since its release. Its abilities have already been investigated for a wide variety of tasks in NLP. In this research, we investigate to what extent GPT-3.5 can generate human-like comments on Dutch news articles and what the best way is to do so. Our methods mainly analyze human likeness across multiple prompting techniques. In particular, we utilize zero-shot, few-shot and context prompts, each for two generated personas. We found that our fine-tuned BERT models easily distinguish human-written comments from GPT-3.5 generated comments, with none of the used methods performing noticeably better. Other findings were that providing the model with a persona did not result in different output and human comments consistently showed higher lexical diversity.
ENHANCING BREAST CANCER PREDICTION THROUGH HYPERPARAMETER OPTIMIZATION IN SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE

Breast cancer is a prevalent and serious disease in the United States, ranking as the third leading cause of death worldwide. The number of cancer-related deaths has risen from 6.2 million in 2000 to 10 million in 2020. Early detection is vital for saving lives and improving treatment outcomes. While the accuracy rate in breast cancer prediction has reached around 97%, other research in different healthcare fields has achieved even higher accuracy rates ranging from 98.062% to 100%. To advance the field and enhance the accuracy of breast cancer detection methods, this study investigates and optimizes previously unexplored parameters. One approach involves utilizing data mining techniques, specifically by combining the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm with Linear Kernel, RBF Kernel, and tuning hyperparameters. The Linear SVM model exhibited exceptional performance, accurately predicting most Malignant and Benign instances with only two incorrect predictions. The SVM model with the RBF kernel demonstrated comparable performance, with minimal errors. By tuning the hyperparameters and utilizing the RBF kernel, the SVM model achieved perfect predictions for Benign cases and high accuracy for Malignant cases. Both the Linear SVM and H-SVM models achieved the highest accuracy of 98.83%, with the RBF SVM model close behind at 98.24%.
[Association between sleep disorders and academic performance: Finding of health survey and academic performance in the Bio-Bio province 2018].

OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between sleep disorders, behaviors associated with cognition, and academic performance in elementary school students. SUBJECTS AND METHOD Analytical and cross-sectional research including 733 students from 5th and 8th grades from public schools par ticipating in the study "Health survey and academic performance in the Bio-Bio Province 2018". The sleep disorders were reported through a sleep self-report questionnaire, and the academic per formance was measured through the grade point average (GPA) in subjects language, mathematics, physical education, general point averages, and perception of cognitive functions in a school context. RESULTS 81.9% of the schoolchildren indicated problems with bedtime routines. The students with sleep disorders of both sexes presented higher memory problems, are slower in resolving math pro blems, have higher difficulties to maintain attention in classes, have more problems solving complex tasks, and more nervousness during a test than the student classified as not having sleep disorders. Additionally, the students with sleep disorders presented lower grades in their GPA and the subjects mathematics, language, and physical education than those students without sleep disorders. Con clusion: A high prevalence of bedtime routine problems was detected as well as an association bet ween sleep disorders and lower academic performance together with a worse perception of cognitive functions in schoolchildren. Implementing health promotion strategies, focused on sleep hygiene in educational centers could improve academic performance.