Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uncertain Bicausal Bond Graph and Adaptive Fuzzy PID Controller for Fault-Tolerant Control

In this paper, a new fault-tolerant control scheme for uncertain systems is proposed based on uncertain bicausal Bond Graph and Adaptive Fuzzy PID Controller. The main objective is to make the control system act faster and more effectively in the presence of the faults and uncertainties. The scientific interest of the present work remains in integrating the benefits of uncertain bicausal bond graph model-based fault estimation and Fuzzy PID controller for effective fault-tolerant control of uncertain dynamic systems. For this task, the uncertain fault estimation is generated from the uncertain bicausal bond graph with perfectly separate nominal part from the uncertain part. Second, a fuzzy inference scheme is proposed to tune the PID gains in real-time, where the estimated fault and the errors over the estimated fault due to the presence of uncertainties are used in the fuzzy inference as inputs. Finally, the required input that compensates the fault effects are delivered to the system. The proposed approach is compared with the conventional one through an experimental application to the traction system of an omnidirectional mobile robot. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Autodyne Response Formation in Injection-Locked Microwave Oscillators

The results of studies of autodyne synchronized in frequency by a signal from an external oscillator are presented. The features of the formation of the autodyne response under various conditions of synchronization and exposure to intrinsic radiation reflected from the target are considered. Parameters and characteristics of injection-locked autodyne are calculated. Experimental data were obtained on the Ka-band Gunn-diode oscillator.
Estimating Robot Manipulator End-effector Forces using Deep Learning

The measurement of the robotic manipulator end-effector interaction forces can in certain cases be challenging, especially when using robots that have a small payload (and consequently not capable of using wrist-mounted force sensor), which is often case with educational robots. In the paper, a method for estimation of end-effector forces using measurements from the base-mounted force sensor and deep neural networks is presented. Several deep architectures were trained using data collected on real 6-DOF robot manipulator (Commonplace Robotics Mover6 robot) using custom-made interaction object operated by a human. The obtained results show that when using appropriate deep architecture promising estimates can be achieved (with an RMSE metric on test set which was 16%, 12% and 6% of maximum force in respective directions of x, y and z axes). This makes this approach suitable for use in a variety of applications, including but not limited to usage with haptic feedback interfaces for robot control.
Intelligent Detection of Black Hole Attacks for Secure Communication in Autonomous and Connected Vehicles

Detection of Black Hole attacks is one of the most challenging and critical routing security issues in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) and autonomous and connected vehicles (ACVs). Malicious vehicles or nodes may exist in the cyber-physical path on which the data and control packets have to be routed converting a secure and reliable route into a compromised one. However, instead of passing packets to a neighbouring node, malicious nodes bypass them and drop any data packets that could contain emergency alarms. We introduce an intelligent black hole attack detection scheme (IDBA) tailored to ACV. We consider four key parameters in the design of the scheme, namely, Hop Count, Destination Sequence Number, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and End-to-End delay (E2E). We tested the performance of our IDBA against AODV with Black Hole (BAODV), Intrusion Detection System (IdsAODV), and EAODV algorithms. Extensive simulation results show that our IDBA outperforms existing approaches in terms of PDR, E2E, Routing Overhead, Packet Loss Rate, and Throughput.
Utilization of Diabetes Knowledge and Glycemic Control, a Case of Butere Subcounty Hospital, Kakamega County, Kenya

Background: Lack of knowledge on diabetes and self care practices among diabetics are some of the important factors influencing the progression of diabetes and its complications. Objective: To assess patients knowledge on diabetes and self care practices and relate this to achievement of satisfactory glycemic control. Methodology: This was a cross sectional study at the outpatient clinic of Butere subcounty Hospital involving all diabetic patients. Data was collected using pretested structured questionnaires. Blood was drawn for random blood sugar testing. Data was analyzed for descriptive and inferential statistics using Microsoft excel 2007 and Statistical Package for Social Scientists version 22. Results: A total of 71 patients participated in this study, 47.8% were males. Majority (29.6%) were aged between 46-55 years. Seventy three percent were married, 86.5% Original Research Article Sakari and William; AJRRE, 2(1): 1-10, 2019; Article no.AJRRE. 48427 2 had secondary education and below with only 4.2% having university education. Majority (46.5%) were self employed while11.3% were retired. Forty eight percent of the patients had diabetes for more than 5 years and majorities (80%) were on oral medication. Diabetes patients had poor glycemic control with 87.3% having random blood sugar more than 8mmol/l with the mean random blood sugar of12.2 ±3.7 mmol/l. Majority of the patients (64.8%) had poor knowledge. The mean total knowledge score was 32 ± 4.3; diabetes knowledge score was 16 ± 4.2 and self care knowledge score was 15.6 ±3.9. Patients scored poorly on self care practices with more than 71% scoring less than 50% of the score. There was a negative correlation between random blood sugar and knowledge score(r = -0.340, p = 0.004). Patients with good glycemic control had knowledge mean of 37.3 ± 0.9 while those with poor glycemic control had mean of 31.2 ± 0.7. The difference was statistically significant (t = 2.999, p = 0.004). Discussion: It is evident from this study that diabetics at Butere Subcounty Hospital do not have adequate knowledge of the diabetes especially on the self care practices aspect as more than 80% of them scored poorly. Poor knowledge in these patients was associated with unsatisfactory glycemic control. There was a negative correlation between level of knowledge and glycemic control among these patients and the correlation was statistically significant Conclusion: Diabetic patients at Butere subcounty Hospital had low knowledge on diabetes and self care practices and this was associated with unsatisfactory glycemic control. Recommendation: There is need to find out if knowledge deficit in these patients is the cause of unsatisfactory glycemic control.
The hydrodynamics of countercurrent chromatography in J-type centrifuges

Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is an advanced liquid-liquid extraction technique that purifies chemical components from complex mixtures. The Brunel CCC' is a J-type centrifuge based upon this technique. This machine can process 5g quantities of sample every 5 hours [Sutherland 1998]. To process 1 tonne of sample per year would require 200 Brunel CCCs, which is not practical as an industrial process. A practical alternative is to use one machine with 200 times the processing capability. To construct such a machine requires a greater understanding of the stationary phase retention inside a coil (column) and the column efficiency (mass transfer between the mobile and stationary phases). This thesis contains research into stationary phase retention. A hypothesis that all J-type centrifuges act as constant pressure drop pumps is proposed. This hypothesis combined with the HaganPoiseuille equation for laminar flow produces a theoretical basis for plotting the stationary phase retention against the square root of the mobile phase flow rate as proposed by Du et al [ 1999]. Supporting experimental evidence is presented showing that the mobile phase flows in a laminar manner and that the pressure drop across a coil is constant for a given set of operating conditions. It is shown that the pressure drop is the same in both normal and reverse phase modes if specific conditions are met. The pressure drop is shown to be independent of tubing bore for helical coils provided that the same helical pitch is used. The experimental results also show how the pressure drop varies with the phase system and rotational speed. Hopefully this is a significant advance in predicting the stationary phase retention of industrial scale J-type centrifuges. 'Originally the Brunel CCC was called the called the "Quattro".
Sequestration and release mechanisms of strontium and cesium in zeolite/feldspathoid systems and laboratory reacted Hanford sediments

Author(s): Rivera, Nelson Antonio, Jr. | Advisor(s): O’Day, Peggy | Abstract: Formation of faujasite- and sodalite/cancrinite-type phases associated with caustic waste reactions in the environment may structurally incorporate contaminant species such as radioactive Sr2+ and Cs+, and thus provide a mechanism of attenuation. In order to investigate mineral evolution and structural incorporation of cations in simplified experiments, aluminosilicate solids were precipitated homogeneously at room temperature from batch solutions containing a 1:1 molal ratio of Si to Al and 10-3 molal Sr and/or Cs, and aged for 30 or 548 d. Syntheses were done with solutions in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2 and with gaspurged solutions. Experimental products were characterized by bulk chemical analyses, chemical extractions, XRD, SEM/TEM, TGA, solid-state 27Al NMR, and Sr EXAFS. Chemical analysis showed that solids had a 1:1 Al:Si molar ratio, and that Sr was sequestered at higher amounts than Cs. After 30 d of aging in purged solutions, XRD showed that zeolite X (faujasitetype) was the only crystalline product. After aging 30 and 548 d in solutions equilibrated with atmospheric CO2, a mixture of sodalite, cancrinite, and minor zeolite X were produced. Surface areas of solids at 30 d were much lower than published values for zeolite phases synthesized at high temperature, although particle aging produced more crystalline and less aggregated phases with higher bulk surface areas. Characterization of products by 27Al NMR indicated only tetrahedrally coordinated Al. Measured isotropic shifts of primary resonances did not change substantially with precipitate aging although the primary mineral phase changed from zeolite X to sodalite/cancrinite, indicating local ordering of Al-Si tetrahedra. Analysis of reaction products by Sr EXAFS suggested Sr bonding in hexagonal prisms and six-membered rings of the supercages of zeolite X that may be more site-specific than those of monovalent cations. For samples aged for 548 d, interatomic distances from Sr-EXAFS are consistent with partial Sr dehydration and bonding to framework oxygen atoms in sodalite cages or in large channels in cancrinite. Incorporation of Sr into both faujasite and sodalite/cancrinite phases is favored over Cs during room temperature synthesis, possibly because of increased cation site competition between Cs+ and Na+. Results of this study help to constrain cation incorporation into sodalite/cancrinite mineral assemblages that form at caustic waste-impacted field sites and may aid in the predictive modeling of contaminant release.
Chemical and morpho-functional aspects of the interaction between a Neotropical resin bug and a sticky plant

Rubus adenotrichos is an Andean blackberry plant bearing glandular trichomes which secrete an adhesive exudate. The resin bug Heniartes stali is frequently found on this plant and collects this exudate using the forelegs to enhance its preying capacity. Here, we describe the morphology of the plant’s glandular trichomes with the aid of light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as the chemical components of the exudate by histochemical and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. We have also combined behavioral observations with the analysis of the insect leg morphology to identify possible morpho-functional adaptations evolved by H. stali for collecting the sticky secretions. Glandular trichomes exhibited a multicellular long stalk and a calyx-shaped head with radially aligned cells. The composition of the resinous fluid was mainly terpenes and phenolics, which may contribute to its sticky properties. Brush-like structures on the tibia of forelegs in H. stali suggests an adaptive trait for collecting the trichomes exudate. A profusely hair-covered area on metatibiae operated as a resin storage structure. Abundant pore-like openings were observed in the
Some Studies of the Transport Coefficients of Pulp and Paper

Popular Abstract in Swedish Torkning av ett porost material sker i tva perioder: en period med konstant torkhastighet och en period med fallande torkhastighet. Under perioden med konstant torkhastighet, bestams torkhastigheten av de yttre forhallandena betraffande varme- och masstransport, och torkhastigheten paverkas inte av det torkande materialets egenskaper. Under perioden med fallande torkhastighet paverkar materialets egenskaper, sasom transporthastigheterna i den porosa strukturen och sorptionsisotermen, torkhastigheten. Den har avhandlingen handlar om transport av massa och varme genom papper och massa med tillampning pa torkprocessen. Tva olika transportprocesser genom papper eller massaark, diffusion av vattenanga och tryckdrivet gasflode, har studerats med ett enhetligt angreppssatt. Bada transportprocesserna har utvarderats experimentellt for samma pappersark och har sedan modellerats under antagandet att ett pappersark kan beskrivas som ett natverk av cellulosafibrer, vilka antingen ar cylindriska eller bandformade. Resultaten av de har studierna visar att for handgjorda pappersark och for massaark kan bada processerna modelleras med nastan samma varde pa cellulosafiberns form. For andra papperskvaliteter ar daremot bada transportprocesserna mycket langsammare an vad som kunde ha vantats pa grundval av de teoretiska modellerna. Transport av vatten inom ett torkande pappersark sker ocksa genom att vatten sugs fran storre till mindre porer. En matmetod, baserad pa magnetrontgenteknik, har utvecklats for att mata fordelningen av vatten i torkande massaprover. (Less)
Theoretical Modeling of the Nanostructure Formation in Soft Condensed Matter Using Atomic Force Microscopy

A novel nanolithography technique is developed for nanoscale patterning of polymers: atomic force microscope assisted electrostatic nanolithography (AFMEN). In AFMEN, nanostructures are generated by mass transport of polymeric material within an initially uniform, planar film. The combination of localized softening of attolitres of polymer, a strongly non-uniform electric field to polarize and manipulate the soften dielectric, and single-step process methodology using conventional atomic force microscopy (AFM), establishes a new paradigm for polymer nanolithography. We develop a basic theoretical understanding of the processes associated with AFMEN and present modeling of the relevant phenomena. The analysis of polymer heating indicates that the AFMEN resolution is not directly limited by the radius of the AFM tip, which is distinctly different from alternative AFM–based lithographic techniques. Instead, the feature size depends critically on the thermal characteristics of the polymer, such as its thermal conductivity. The dielectric properties of the polymer play a secondary role, affecting the magnitude of the electric field but do not directly impact the feature size. The nanostructure shape is determined by the competition between the ponderomotive forces acting on the dielectric material in non–uniform electric field, and the polymer surface tension. An exact analytical soluiii tion, as well as numerical solutions, are determined for the electric field distribution in the tip–sample junction, which allow prediction of the nanostructure geometry. The response of the AFM tip during the nanolithography process is investigated. An analysis of the free energy of the system, comprising AFM tip, sample surface and water meniscus, shows that the tip is spontaneously lifted away from the polymer surface. The mechanical work required to lift the tip is drawn from the energy of electric field. In addition, water condensation in the proximity of nanoscale asperities such as an AFM tip is studied. A general framework based on the density functional theory (DFT) is developed and applied to describe the liquid meniscus condensation, providing the first (to the best of our knowledge) molecular–level theory of water condensation on the nanoscale in the presence of external electric fields.
Variability in surface antigen expression of Candida albicans

Two agglutinating IgM monoclonal antibodies have been produced to two distinct surface antigens on Candida albicans. The expression of these antigens is variable during growth of the yeast and mycelial forms of the fungus. In general, cells in early-logarithmic phase are less reactive with monoclonal antibody than cells in mid-logarithmic phase in yeast form cells. Germinating cells express antigens specific for one monoclonal antibody on mother cells and germ tubes during growth although the quantity of antigens varies with growth phase. The second antigen is expressed on mother cells in early germination but disappears from the mother cell during growth and is expressed only on germ tubes. The antigen reappears on mother cells after 20 h growth and is simultaneously expressed on both mother cell and hyphae. The presence of antigens was established using agglutinination techniques. The location and distribution of antigen was determined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy and immunolabeling with colloidal gold-conjugated and ferritin-conjugated antibodies. The value of these monoclonal antibodies as a serological diagnostic tool for candidiasis was investigated. The antigens which are specific for the antibodies were purified by protease digestion and chromatography and chemically characterized as mannan complexes by UV spectroscopy, gas-liquid chromatography, and mass spectroscopy. VARIABILITY IN SURFACE ANTIGEN EXPRESSION OF CANDIDA ALBICANS by . Diane Lynn Brawner A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in
ADAPTIVE ENHANCEMENT OF PERCEIVED CONTRAST IN DIFFUSE IMAGES; CASE STUDY: S.E.M. ELECTRON MICROSCOPE IMAGES

This paper is concerned with the use of various forms of adaptive histogram equalization (a.h.e.), also known as local area histogram equalization (l.a.h.e.), and as rank filtering, as the method of merit for the enhancement of biological images. The particular images studied here were generated by a scanning electron microscope (S.E.M.) and involved specimens, which were flash frozen, leading to low contrast diffuse images, but for which the structural features were well-known, from S.E. M. examination of normally prepared specimens. A comparative study was made of filtering over various sized windows, and various versions of contrast-limited ("clipped") l.a.h.e. This study complements studies made by Pizer and co-workers on the application of variants of 1.a.h.e. on medical X-rays and tomographic images. The paper includes a full discussion of implementation issues.
Accurate coupled lines fitting in an errors-in-variables framework

For the purpose of accurate measurement of regular polygons, the boundary lines with parallel, perpendicular or given angles are defined as coupled lines. Provided that the noisy data points are measured from each line without outliers, an accurate and numerical reliable weighted total least squares (WTLS) method is proposed for two dimensional coupled lines fitting task. The underlying problem is modelled within an errors-in-variables framework by assuming all the coordinates are subject to random errors. In order to overcome the possible ill-posedness, the lines are parameterised as constrained Hessian normal form instead of the intercept and slope one. A generic WTLS algorithm is derived in case of the random columns are corrupted by fully correlated errors. Special case that the data are corrupted by homocedastic errors are considered and solved with less computational expenses. A single line fitting and a simulated regular hexagon fitting examples are performed with comparisons and discussions. The proposed methods can be used for accurate regular polygon measurement in vision metrology or reverse engineering.
The Reciprocal Style In Teaching Tennis For Students Aged 14-15 Years

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reciprocal style of teaching, in typical tennis strokes, such as forehand and backhand. A sample of 102 children, aged 14-15, who had no previous experience in tennis participated in this study. Students were engaged in 12 lessons held in their school environment. The experimental group was subjected to experimental intervention for 6 weeks in the independent variable which is the reciprocal teaching method for strokes, while the control group was not subjected to any intervention and was not trained following this teaching style. Data was processed by statistical analysis through t-test for independent samples. The results showed that the reciprocal style of teaching had increased the mean of consecutive strokes regardless of gender, with the experimental group showing a significant improvement in performance in the measured wall test, in comparison to the control group which showed no improvement.
A STRUCTURAL MODEL OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BRAND IMAGE, BRAND TRUST AND BRAND LOYALTY

Brand image, brand trust and brand loyalty are most important marketing concepts which has been discussed by both academicians and practitioners over the past decade. The Main purpose of this study is to discuss the importance of the relationships between the brand image ,brand trust and brand loyalty . The conceptual model illustrates the impact of brand image and brand trust on brand loyalty, and the effects of brand image on brand trust . In order to accomplish the objectives proposed , a model reflecting the effect of the relationships between the three concepts ,the model is tested by structural equations and the sample is 286 students from the higher institute of business administration (HIBA) ,the finding show that brand image has a positive effect on brand trust and both brand image and brand trust have a positive effect on brand loyalty . The study provides brand managers a holistic model to enhance the brand loyalty. Therefore, the research finding can be used by Mobile company in enhancing brand image, brand trust and brand loyalty.
Export Promotion An annotated bibliography

Uses a response-hierarchy approach as an integrative framework for a review of key issues and research in the field of export assistance. Following a discussion of the concept and role of export assistance proposes a framework depicting a company's adoption and evaluation of export assistance services and subsequently uses this as a basis for a discussion of empirical findings. Concurrently, emphasis is placed on associated methodological problems and the development of future research directions.