Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Pentacam Parameters in the Diagnosis of Subclinical and Mild Keratoconus Based on Different Grading System Definitions

Objectives: To retest the performance of Pentacam parameters in the detection of eyes with subclinical keratoconus (KC) and mild KC based on different definitions from the Amsler-Krumeich (AK), Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK), and ABCD systems. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional university-based study comprised 24 eyes with subclinical KC, 144 eyes with mild KC (based on AK in 101 eyes, CLEK in 28 eyes, and ABCD in 15 eyes), and 70 controls. Diagnostic ability of the thinnest point (TP) pachymetry, KISA% index, inferior-superior asymmetry, corneal aberrations, Pentacam indices, front/back elevations, pachymetric progression index, Ambrósio-Relational Thickness (ARTmax), and Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia Display scores (Df, Db, Dp, Dt, Da, and D-final) were evaluated. Results: ARTmax (83.3% sensitivity/74.3% specificity) had the highest ability in distinguishing subclinical KC from normal, followed by TP pachymetry, Dt, and Da. D-final showed excellent sensitivity/specificity in mild KC diagnosis based on AK (98%/100%) and CLEK (97.4%/100%) descriptions. In the mild KC-ABCD group, index of vertical asymmetry accurately detected all eyes with mild KC and 97.1% of the controls. Conclusion: This study points out the gray zone in the detection of eyes with subclinical and mild KC due to overlapping terminology and grading criteria. Pentacam parameters seem to have modest capability in subclinical KC detection, indicating the necessity for additional diagnostic modalities. However, eyes with mild KC can be diagnosed with high accuracy using Pentacam parameters, although the strongest parameters may vary according to the definition of “mild KC. ” Nevertheless, uniform and definitive criteria for subclinical and clinical KC classification are required for a diagnostic and therapeutic consensus in KC.
Shear wave splitting in the Isparta Angle, southwestern Turkey: Anisotropic complexity in the mantle

This study presents shear wave splitting analysis results observed at ISP (Isparta) broadband station in the Isparta Angle, southwestern Turkey. We selected 21 good quality seismic events out of nearly 357 earthquakes and calculated splitting parameters (polarization direction of fast wave, φ and delay time between fast and slow waves, δt) from mainly SKS and a few SKKS phases of the selected 21 seismic events. Then, we compared calculated splitting parameters at ISP station (56 ◦ ≤ φ ≤ 205 ◦ ;0 .37 s ≤ δt ≤ 4 s) with those previously calculated at ANTO (Ankara) and ISK (˙ stations (27 ◦ ≤ φ ≤ 59 ◦ ;0 . 6s ≤ δt ≤ 2. 4s and 26 ◦ ≤ φ ≤ 54 ◦ ;0 . 6s ≤ δt ≤ 1. 5s ) which are located at 230 and 379 km away from ISP station in central and northwestern Turkey, respectively. The backazimuthal variations of the splitting parameters at ISP station indicate a different and complex mantle polarization anisotropy for the Isparta Angle in southwestern Turkey
Acute pyelonephritis in cats is frequently caused by Escherichia coli resistant to potentiated penicillins but has a better prognosis than other causes of acute kidney injury.

OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical findings, microbiological data, treatment, and outcome of a population of cats with suspected acute pyelonephritis (APN). ANIMALS 32 client-owned cats. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND PROCEDURES Retrospective case series from 2 veterinary teaching hospitals between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2020. Cats were included if they had a positive bacterial urine culture and a clinical diagnosis of acute kidney injury. RESULTS Older female cats with underlying chronic kidney disease have a higher probability to develop bacterial culture-positive acute kidney injury or APN. Escherichia coli was the most commonly cultured bacterial species, and E coli isolates with susceptibility testing were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate but susceptible to fluoroquinolones or third-generation cephalosporins. Of the 20 cats with available follow-up information in the medical record, 14 were alive at 3 months after hospital discharge. Markers of renal function including creatinine (P = .008), BUN (P = .005), and phosphorus (P < .001) at the time of presentation were all higher in nonsurvivors compared with survivors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The survival rate with feline APN is higher than previous reports of acute kidney injury when all etiologies are considered. Nonsurvivors had more pronounced azotemia upon initial presentation. Amoxicillin-clavulanate was a poor empirical antimicrobial in this cohort based on the microbiological data.
Foreshock, Main Shock, and Larger Aftershocks of the Borrego Mountain Earthquake

The Borrego Mountain earthquake, magnitude 6.4, occurred at 02:28:59.1 G.m. t. on April 9, 1968 and has been assigned a hypocenter at 33°11.4' N. , 116°07.7' W. , h=11.1 km. The focal-mechanism solution indicates right-lateral slip on a fault striking N. 48° W. and dipping 83° NE. , which is consistent with the field observations of faulting and the regional tectonic framework. A single foreshock of magnitude 3.7 preceded the main shock by one minute, but no other precursory activity has been identified. During the year following the event, 135 aftershocks of magnitude 3.0 and greater have been identified and located, outlining a broad zone of activity centered on but displaced 2-3 km northeast of the 33-km-long surface rupture on the Coyote Creek fault. Fracturing at depth during the aftershock period evidently occurred throughout the width of the San Jacinto fault zone, but initial surface faulting was localized along the Coyote Creek fault at the zone's southwestern margin. The area of aftershock activity enlarged progressively with time, and the region of the original epicenter became relatively inactive late in the aftershock period, leading to a doughnut-shaped epicentral distribution of late aftershocks. Inasmuch as the epicenter of the main shock was roughly midway along the zone of aftershock activity, the faulting presumably was bilateral. This kind of faulting is unusual in California.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from “Cẩm” Purple Rice Bran for Modulation of Starch Digestion

Purple rice, locally known as “Cẩm” rice, is cultivated in the southern region of Vietnam. The bran of “Cẩm” rice is often disregarded and underutilized; nevertheless, it harbours substantial nutritive value, particularly in terms of antioxidant compounds. Additionally, sonication, an emerging and “green” technological approach, has been employed to augment the extraction efficiency of these antioxidants. This research is aimed at optimizing and maximizing the antioxidant recovery capacity including phenolic and total flavonoid compounds, along with their antioxidant activities, through the assistance of ultrasound waves. The effect of the extract on the starch digestion process was also investigated. The study employed the Box-Behnken experimental design, encompassing three variables: extraction time (20-40 minutes), temperature (60-80°C), and solvent-to-material ratio (8 : 1 to 12 : 1). Analysis was conducted on total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities. Results demonstrated that the peak yield of antioxidant compounds and their corresponding activities were attained at an extraction duration of 29.38 minutes, a temperature of 69°C, and a solvent-to-material ratio of 9.92. Under these optimal conditions, the yields were as follows: total phenolic compounds at 60.821 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid compounds at 3.2696 mg QE/g, percentage inhibition of DPPH at 74.778%, and FRAP value at 54.112 μmol Fe (II)/g. The established models were validated and exhibited a strong alignment between predicted and actual values, with disparities of less than 3% under optimal conditions. Furthermore, the extract was codigested with cooked corn starch, revealing a dose-dependent effect on starch digestibility. The sluggishness of digestion rate was observed when 20 mg of the extract was supplemented to 200 mg of cooked corn starch. This suggests that rice bran extract holds promise as an effective ingredient for mitigating starch digestion, particularly beneficial for individuals dealing with diabetes.
Mechanism of Pile Group Settlement in Liquefiable Soils

This paper examines the settlement of instrumented 2 · 2 model pile groups in liquefiable soil based on the results of dynamic centrifuge tests. The piles are end-bearing in dense sand, and are instrumented such that base, shaft and total pile load components can be measured. The data suggest that the overall co-seismic group settlement is accrued from incremental settlements of the individual piles as the group rocks under the action of the kinematic and inertial lateral loads. A Newmarkian framework for describing this behaviour is presented in which permanent settlement is incremented whenever the load in any of the piles exceeds the capacity of the soil to support the pile. This bearing capacity of the piles in liquefied soil is estimated based on measured dynamic soil properties during shaking and observations of the changes in load carried by the piles. The contribution of the pile cap in reducing settlement is also discussed.
Stratospheric Ozone and Temperature Simulated from the Preindustrial Era to the Present Day

AbstractResults from the simulation of a coupled chemistry–climate model are presented for the period 1860 to 2005 using the observed greenhouse gas (GHG) and halocarbon concentrations. The model is coupled to a simulated ocean and uniquely includes both detailed tropospheric chemistry and detailed middle atmosphere chemistry, seamlessly from the surface to the model top layer centered at 0.02 hPa. It is found that there are only minor changes in simulated stratospheric temperature and ozone prior to the year 1960. As the halocarbon amounts increase after 1970, the model stratospheric ozone decreases approximately continuously until about 2000. The steadily increasing GHG concentrations cool the stratosphere from the beginning of the twentieth century at a rate that increases with height. During the early period the cooling leads to increased stratospheric ozone. The model results show a strong, albeit temporary, response to volcanic eruptions. While chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) concentrations remain low, the.
The integration of smart city planning policy with climate change adaptation and mitigation actions: a review of kathmandu

Many urban systems worldwide are projected to be affected by the consequences of climate change, such as increased rainfall intensity, storm surge, flooding, and the urban heat island effect. This will significantly impact the management of cities and their populations, and the services they provide. To overcome this effect, adaptation will likely be required. This article examines how climate change moderation and variation are combined with intelligent urban planning policies (strategies, legislation, and laws) in the Kathmandu district. The three governance sciences look at the two levels of governance (national and local) (intelligent urban planning, pollution management, and climate change). The assessment process is one of the few instruments to review the adequacy of climate change and strategic policies. The findings show that intelligent city planning documents should present climate change adaptation and mitigation actions. In addition, adaptation and mitigation measures still need to be well integrated. Significant prospects for greater policy coordination through guidelines and levels of government under the Paris Agreement priorities have been identified, ensuring implementation in land use and planning decisions. Innovative city development policies must be better able to design and implement climate resilience and mitigation measures.
Genotype-phenotype correlation in Taiwanese children with diazoxide-unresponsive congenital hyperinsulinism

Objective Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterized by dysregulated insulin secretion. The aim of the study was to elucidate genetic etiologies of Taiwanese children with the most severe diazoxide-unresponsive CHI and analyze their genotype-phenotype correlations. Methods We combined Sanger with whole exome sequencing (WES) to analyze CHI-related genes. The allele frequency of the most common variant was estimated by single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotype analysis. The functional effects of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel variants were assessed using patch clamp recording and Western blot. Results Nine of 13 (69%) patients with ten different pathogenic variants (7 in ABCC8, 2 in KCNJ11 and 1 in GCK) were identified by the combined sequencing. The variant ABCC8 p.T1042QfsX75 identified in three probands was located in a specific haplotype. Functional study revealed the human SUR1 (hSUR1)-L366F KATP channels failed to respond to intracellular MgADP and diazoxide while hSUR1-R797Q and hSUR1-R1393C KATP channels were defective in trafficking. One patient had a de novo dominant mutation in the GCK gene (p.I211F), and WES revealed mosaicism of this variant from another patient. Conclusion Pathogenic variants in KATP channels are the most common underlying cause of diazoxide-unresponsive CHI in the Taiwanese cohort. The p.T1042QfsX75 variant in the ABCC8 gene is highly suggestive of a founder effect. The I211F mutation in the GCK gene and three rare SUR1 variants associated with defective gating (p.L366F) or traffic (p.R797Q and p.R1393C) KATP channels are also associated with the diazoxide-unresponsive phenotype.
Observed interannual variability of near-surface salinity in the Bay of Bengal

An in situ gridded data of salinity, comprising Argo and CTD profiles, has been used to study the interannual variability of near-surface salinity (within 30 m from sea surface) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) during the years 2005-2013. In addition to the broad agreement with earlier studies on the north-to-south gradient of surface salinity and general features of seasonal variability of salinity, the data also revealed few episodes of enhanced freshening in the BoB. The observations showed distinct anomalous low salinity (< 2 psu) waters in the northern BoB during June-February of the years 2006-2007 (Y67), 2011-2012 (Y12), and 2012-2013 (Y23). The anomalous freshening during these years showed similar life cycle, such as, it starts in the northern BoB during July-September of current summer and extends up to February-March of next winter with a southward propagation. Analysis showed that the oceanic and atmospheric conditions associated with positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) lead to these freshening events, and IOD rather than El NiA±o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) controls the interannual variability of salinity in the BoB. The mixed layer salt budget analysis indicated the dominant role of local fresh water flux (horizontal advection) on the observed salinity tendency during summer (winter) monsoon season. Enhanced precipitation associated with pIOD lead to enhanced freshening in northern BoB during June-September, which remained to this region with prevailing summer monsoon circulation. The weakening or absence of southward east India coastal current (EICC) during October-December of these freshening years trapped anomalous freshwater in the northern BoB. Key Points Anomalous freshening observed in BoB in 3 years Positive IOD initiate the freshening events in northern BoB Salt budget analysis resolve contributions from different processes Â© 2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
A Rhetorical Analysis of Fallacy in a Selected English Drama Movie

Fallacies are incorrect reasoning that make an argument seem less logically credible and easier to be identified as unsound. They are widespread; individuals commit them while engaging in various activities, including at work, at home, while creating advertisements, and in the media. This study aims to investigate the rhetorical strategies accompanied with producing the fallacious arguments selected from the American Film “12 Angry Men (1957)”. The study adopts Damer’s (2009) model for the identification of fallacy. As for rhetorical analysis, the study adopts Aristotle’s triangle of rhetoric and McGuigan’s (2007) taxonomy of rhetorical devices. The results uncover that the most violated criteria are relevance, acceptability and sufficiency. Besides, the arguers try their best to achieve persuasion by employing their own personalities, by depending on logic or manipulation of other’s emotion. The most frequently used rhetorical device is rhetorical question.
Impact of surface and subsurface-intensified eddies on sea surface temperature and chlorophyll a in the northern Indian Ocean utilizing deep learning

Abstract. Mesoscale eddies, including surface-intensified eddies (SEs) and subsurface-intensified eddies (SSEs), significantly influence phytoplankton distribution in the ocean. Nevertheless, due to the sparse in situ data, understanding of the characteristics of SSEs and their influence on chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration is still unclear. Consequently, the study utilized a deep learning model to extract SEs and SSEs in the northern Indian Ocean (NIO) from 2000 to 2015, using satellite-derived sea surface height (SSH) and sea surface temperature (SST) data. The analysis revealed that SSEs accounted for 39 % of the total eddies in the NIO, and their SST signatures exhibited opposite behaviour compared to SEs. Furthermore, by integrating ocean colour remote-sensing data, the study investigated the contrasting impacts of SEs and SSEs on Chl a concentration in two basins of the NIO, the Arabian Sea (AS) and the Bay of Bengal (BoB), known for their disparate biological productivity. In the AS, SEs induced Chl a anomalies that were 2 to 3 times higher than those caused by SSEs. Notably, there were no significant differences in Chl a anomalies induced by the same type of eddies between summer and winter. In contrast, the BoB exhibited distinct seasonal variations, where SEs induced slightly higher Chl a anomalies than SSEs during the summer, while substantial differences were observed during the winter. Specifically, subsurface-intensified anticyclonic eddies (SSAEs) led to positive Chl a anomalies, contrasting the negative anomalies induced by surface-intensified anticyclonic eddies (SAEs) with comparable magnitudes. Moreover, while both subsurface-intensified cyclonic eddies (SSCEs) and surface-intensified cyclonic eddies (SCEs) resulted in positive Chl a anomalies during winter in the BoB, the magnitude of SSCEs was only one-third of that induced by SCEs. Besides, subsurface Chl a induced by SSAEs (SSCEs) is ∼0.1 mg m−3 greater (less) than that caused by SAEs (SCEs) in the upper 30 (50) m using Biogeochemical Argo profiles. The distinct Chl a between SEs and SSEs can be attributed to their contrasting subsurface structures revealed by Argo profiles. Compared to SAEs (SCEs), SSAEs (SSCEs) enhance (decrease) production via the convex (concave) of the isopycnals that occur around the mixed layer. The study provides a valuable approach to investigating subsurface eddies and contributes to a comprehensive understanding of their influence on chlorophyll concentration.
Slopes, submarine fans, and syn-depositional faults: sedimentology of parts of the Middle and Upper Dalradian in the SW Highlands of Scotland

Summary The depositional palaeogeography of the metasediments between the Jura Quartzite and Craignish Phyllites was dominated by a series of fault-bounded blocks and basins. The position of the basin margins, and hence the faults, is inferred from the location of submarine fan and slope facies and lateral thickness variations. These syn-depositional faults had trends either approximately parallel with, or normal to, the subsequent Caledonoid grain and had throws of up to several kilometres. Such faults may have exerted a major control over sedimentation throughout the Middle and Upper Dalradian. Many of the Dalradian sedimentary bodies therefore have a complex geometry, and persistent stratigraphical horizons may reflect regional climatic and tectonic events, rather than persistent sedimentary facies.
Flipped Direct Instruction (FDI): Optimization of Practicum Learning Models

Selecting an accurate learning model plays a big part in determining the quality of the implemented learning process. The Flipped Direct Instruction (FDI) learning model is introduced as a new learning model to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of learning through practicums. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness level of the FDI learning model application. This research is carried out during the Computer Network Installation practical lesson in the July-December 2022 semester at the Electronic Systems Engineering Study Program, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia. This study is conducted using a quasi-experimental design with a control class and an experimental class as the research samples. The Direct Instruction (DI) model was applied in the control class and the FDI model was utilized for the experimental class. This study uses quantitative and primary data types. Data were obtained using test instruments through the application of a pre-test and a post-test. The data is calculated using the N-Gain method to measure the level of effectiveness of the FDI model implementation. In utilizing the N-Gain method, the requirements for the normality test, homogeneity test, and t-test were applied. The results of the research on the implementation of the pre-test for the control class were a value of 36.11 and 34.01 for the experimental class. Whereas for the post-test, a value of 71.27 and 86.80 were the results for the experimental class. The experimental class post-test scores were used in the N-Gain test. The results of the N-Gain test obtained a percentage of 79.11% with a minimum value of 62.76% and a maximum value of 90.89%. The value of 79.11% in the N-Gain value range can be categorized as a notably high outcome. This portrays that the FDI learning model is effective in improving practicum learning outcomes.
Tropical Cyclone Frequency and Barrier Island Erosion Rates, Cedar Island, Virginia

ABSTRACT Nebel, S. H. ; Trembanis, A.C. , and Barber, D.C., 2013. Storm frequency and barrier island erosion rates, Cedar Island, Virginia. Shoreline surveys, high-resolution satellite imagery, aerial photography, and topographic maps were compiled using GIS and analyzed with the Digital Shoreline Analysis System to examine event- and decadal-scale patterns of shoreline movement related to tropical cyclone impacts on south Cedar Island, Virginia. Global Positioning System (GPS) shoreline surveys conducted on southern Cedar Island 1.5 months before and 3 weeks after Tropical Storm Ernesto in 2006 recorded shoreline movement that resulted from the storm. On average (arithmetic mean), the southern section of Cedar Island retreated 25.4 ± 1 m as a result of the storm. The most severe erosion was documented to the south of an ephemeral inlet where the shoreline retreated 54.8 m. Shoreline recovery in the study area was determined from a February 2007 aerial photoset and a June 2007 GPS shoreline survey. Between September 2006 and February 2007, the shoreline accreted an average of 7.4 ± 2.1 m. Between February 2007 and June 2007, the shoreline eroded an average of 0.2 ± 2.1 m. The comparison of the July 2006 (pre-Ernesto) and June 2007 (9 months after Ernesto) data revealed that the shoreline had not recovered to its poststorm position but rather had undergone net erosion averaging 18.3 ± 1 m. Additionally, the 155-year record (1852–2006) of Cedar Island shoreline retreat was compared with the historical record of tropical cyclones passing within 200 km of the Delmarva Peninsula. A marked acceleration in island retreat rates began in 1980 and continued until the end of the study period in 2007. This acceleration in island erosion rate coincided with an increased frequency of tropical cyclones within the studied region.