Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quelques résultats mathématiques sur les gaz à faible nombre de Mach

Cette these est consacree a l'etude de la dynamique des gaz a faible nombre de Mach. Le modele etudie provient des equations de Navier-Stokes completes lorsque le nombre de Mach tend vers zero. On cherche a montrer que le probleme de Cauchy correspondant est bien pose. Les cas visqueux et non visqueux sont tous deux consideres. Les coefficients physiques peuvent dependre de la densite (ou de la temperature) inconnue. En particulier, nous prenons en compte les effets de conductivite thermique et on autorise de grandes variations d'entropie. Rappelons qu'en absence de diffusion thermique, la limite a faible nombre de Mach implique la condition d'incompressibilite. Dans le cadre etudie ici, en introduisant un nouveau champ de vitesses a divergence nulle, le systeme devient un couplage non lineaire entre une equation quasi-parabolique pour la densite et un systeme de type Navier-Stokes (ou Euler) pour la vitesse et la pression. Pour le cas avec viscosite, on etablit le resultat classique, a savoir qu'il existe une solution forte existant localement (resp. globalement) en temps pour des donnees initiales grandes (resp. petites). On considere ici le probleme de Cauchy avec donnees initiales dans des espaces de Besov critiques. Lorsque les coefficients physiques du systeme verifient une relation speciale, le systeme se simplifie considerablement, et on peut alors etablir qu'il existe des solutions faibles globales en temps a energie finie. Par un argument d'unicite fort-faible, on en deduit que les solutions fortes a energie finie existent pour tous les temps positifs en dimension deux. Pour le cas sans viscosite, on montre d'abord le caractere bien pose dans des espaces de Besov limites, qui s'injectent dans l'espace des fonctions lipschitziennes. Des criteres de prolongement et des estimations du temps de vie sont etablis. Si l'on suppose la donnee initiale a energie finie dans l'espace de Besov limite a exposant de Lebesgue infini, on a egalement un resultat d'existence locale. En dimension deux, le temps de vie tend vers l'infini quand la densite tend vers une constante positive. Des estimations de produits et de commutateurs, ainsi que des estimations a priori pour les equations paraboliques et pour le systeme de Stokes (ou d'Euler) a coefficients variables, se trouvent dans l'annexe. Ces estimations reposent sur la theorie de Littlewood-Paley et le calcul paradifferentiel
Efficacy and Safety of Cytisine in Combination with a Community Pharmacists’ Counselling for Smoking Cessation in Thailand: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background: Cytisine is a prospective pharmacological alternative for community pharmacy smoking cessation services. However, it has not yet been licensed because of a lack of efficacy and safety information in Thailand. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cytisine in combination with community pharmacists’ counselling on smoking cessation in a community pharmacy in ThailandDesign. Setting, participants, and interventions: A double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trials was carried out. Participants aged >18 years old who smoked >10 tobaccos/day were randomly assigned to receive cytisine or placebo and five sessions of counselling by a community pharmacist. The primary outcome was a continuous abstinence rate (CAR) at week 48. The CAR was also measured at weeks 2, 4, 12, and 24. Adverse events were monitored. Results: A total of 132 participants were included, with 67 receiving cytisine and 65 receiving a placebo. Approximately 95% of participants were male. The CARs were determined to be 14.93% and 6.15% for cytisine and placebo, respectively, at week 48. The relative risk (RR) was 2.41 (95% confidence interval (CI); 0.80–7.35, p = 0.102). The RRs for CAR at weeks 2, 4, 12, and 24 were 2.43, 2.91, 2.50, and 1.78, respectively. Only the RRs for weeks 2, 4, and 12 were statistically significant. Common and non-serious gastrointestinal and neurological adverse events were observed. Conclusion: Cytisine, when combined with community pharmacists’ counselling, did not statistically improve the CAR at week 48, although it did improve the CAR at weeks 2, 4, and 12. Adverse events of cytisine were common and non-serious (registration number: TCTR20180312001).
On the Ridging of the South Atlantic Anticyclone Over South Africa: The Impact of Rossby Wave Breaking and of Climate Change

Ridging South Atlantic Anticyclones contribute an important amount of precipitation over South Africa. Here, we use a global coupled climate model and the ERA5 reanalysis to separate for the first time ridging highs (RHs) based on whether they occur together with Rossby wave breaking (RWB) or not. We show that the former type of RHs are associated with more precipitation than the latter type. The mean sea level pressure anomalies caused by the two types of RHs are characterized by distinct patterns, leading to differences in the flow of moisture‐laden air onto land. We additionally find that RWB mediates the effect of climate change on RHs during the twenty‐first century. Consequently, RHs occurring without RWB exhibit little change, while those occurring with RWB contribute more precipitation over the southern and less precipitation over the northeastern South Africa in the future.
Prevalence and Assessment of Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in an Ethnic Minority Oncology Patient Population

Background: Complicating the COVID-19 pandemic are the healthcare disparities experienced by ethnic minorities, especially those with comorbidities including cancer. The introduction of COVID-19 vaccines has been instrumental in blunting the morbidity and mortality from the pandemic; however, vaccine hesitancy, particularly among ethnic minorities, has been a major concern. Thus, we sought to evaluate the knowledge and perspectives of COVID-19 and vaccines among our ethnic minority cancer patient population. Methods: Following an IRB approved protocol, questionnaires were completed by patients in a predominantly ethnic minority population at a single institution between 1 February and 30 June 2021. Included were any adult cancer patients with either a solid or hematologic malignancy. Results: Among the 84 patients that were offered the questionnaires, 52 patients responded, with a median age of 63.5 years. Overall, 36% were non-Hispanic Blacks and 30% were Hispanics; 65% were receiving active treatment for their cancer. Seventy-nine percent believed COVID-19 to be dangerous or harmful to them, 61% were concerned about the side effects, yet 65% considered COVID-19 vaccines as safe. Among the seven patients that refused the vaccine, (71%, n = 5) cited side effects and/or (57%, n = 4) believed that the vaccine was not needed. Overall, there was a significantly higher chance of being vaccinated if patients were receiving active cancer treatment, believed COVID-19 was harmful, or that the vaccine was safe, and knew COVID-19 was a virus. Conclusions: This exploratory study demonstrates that most ethnic minority cancer patients are receptive to vaccines, with a majority being vaccinated. However, we also discovered various reasons why this group of patients may not want be vaccinated, including concerns about side effects and perception that COVID-19 is not harmful. These findings can help us further understand the complex nature of vaccine hesitancy in ethnic minority cancer patients, and aid in developing future vaccine awareness strategies as the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve.
Determinants of Investment Awareness: A Moderating Structural Equation Modeling-Based Model in the Saudi Arabian Context

In line with today’s economy, investment and financial awareness are necessary for success and an individual’s well-being, specifically for the younger generations. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationships between financial literacy, saving behavior, a lack of self-control, family financial socialization, and investment awareness. Further, it investigates the moderating role of both family financial socialization and the lack of self-control in these relationships. Employing a quantitative study technique and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), we analyzed a sample of 409 students representing young adults at King Faisal University, specifically in the School of Business. Our results indicate that financial literacy, saving behavior, and family financial socialization are significantly and positively related to investment awareness. Interestingly and as expected, a lack of self-control negatively and significantly affects investment awareness. For the moderating impact, it was found that the connection between financial literacy, saving behavior, and investment awareness is positively and strongly moderated by family financial socialization. Likewise, a lack of self-control significantly and negatively moderated the association between financial literacy, saving behavior, and investment awareness. The results of this study provide substantial implications for regulators, educational organizations, individuals, and their families.
ANATOMY OF HELICAL EXTRAGALACTIC JETS: THE CASE OF S5 0836+710

Helical structures are common in extragalactic jets. They are usually attributed in the literature to periodical phenomena in the source (e.g., precession). In this work, we use very long baseline interferometry data of the radio jet in the quasar S5 0836+710 and hypothesize that the ridgeline of helical jets like this corresponds to a pressure maximum in the jet and assume that the helically twisted pressure maximum is the result of a helical wave pattern. For our study, we use observations of the jet in S5 0836+710 at different frequencies and epochs. The results show that the structures observed are physical and not generated artificially by the observing arrays. Our hypothesis that the observed intensity ridgeline can correspond to a helically twisted pressure maximum is confirmed by our observational tests. This interpretation allows us to explain jet misalignment between parsec and kiloparsec scales when the viewing angle is small, and also brings us to the conclusion that high-frequency observations may show only a small region of the jet flow concentrated around the maximum pressure ridgeline observed at low frequencies. Our work provides a potential explanation for the apparent transversal superluminal speeds observed in several extragalactic jets by means of transversal shift of an apparent core position with time.
Nuclear Collisions from the Mean-Field into the Fragmentation Regime

Introduction (C. Detraz and P. Kienle). How is it possible to measure a nuclear temperature? (B. Tamain). Light-particle emission as a probe of reaction mechanism and nuclear excitation (D. Guerreau). Dissipative phenomena at Fermi energies (A. Olmi). Fission and neutron emission of hot nuclei (D. Hilscher, D.J. Hinde and H. Rossner). Theory and experiment of giant resonances in hot nuclei (A. Bracco, P.F. Bortignon and R.A. Broglia). Multifragmentation: a probe for hot expanding nuclei (J. Pochodzalla). Current status of the theoretical treatment of the space-time evolution in nuclear collision processes (G. Peiler et al.). Thermal and statistical properties of nuclei and nuclear systems (L.G. Moretto and G.J. Wozniak). Fragmentation - Experiments for the production of exotic beams (B. Blank et al.). Scaling and critical behaviour in nuclear fragmentation (X. Campi). Nuclear matter flow in the Kr+Au collisions at 43 MeV/u (R. Bougault et al.). The method of intensity interferometry (H. Doubre). Time scale of particle emission using nuclear interferometry (D. Ardouin et al.). Hard-photon and neutral-meson production in heavy ion collisions (V. Metag). Transfer of nucleons between nuclei (W. von Oertzen).
Heterotrophic Bioleaching of Vanadium from Low-Grade Stone Coal by Aerobic Microbial Consortium

Bioleaching is a viable method that assists in increasing the vanadium output in an economical and environmentally friendly manner. Most bioleaching is conducted by pure cultures under autotrophic conditions, which frequently require strong acidity and produce acid wastewater. However, little is known about heterotrophic bioleaching of vanadium by mixed culture. This study investigated the bioleaching of vanadium from low-grade stone coal by heterotrophic microbial consortium. According to the results, vanadium was efficiently extracted by the employed culture, with the vanadium recovery percentage in the biosystem being 7.24 times greater than that in the control group without inoculum. The average vanadium leaching concentration reached 680.7 μg/L in the first three cycles. The kinetic equation indicated that the main leaching process of vanadium was modulated by a diffusion process. Scanning electron microscopy revealed traces of bacterial erosion with fluffy structures on the surface of the treated stone coal. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the reduction of the vanadium content in the stone coal after leaching. Analysis of high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the metal-oxidizing bacteria, Acidovorax and Delftia, and the heterotrophic-metal-resistant Pseudomonas, were significantly enriched in the bioleaching system. Our findings advance the understanding of bioleaching by aerobic heterotrophic microbial consortium and offer a promising technique for vanadium extraction from low-grade stone coals.
Quantifying subsurface parameter and transport uncertainty using surrogate modelling and environmental tracers

We combine physics‐based groundwater reactive transport modelling with machine‐learning techniques to quantify hydrogeological model and solute transport predictive uncertainties. We train an artificial neural network (ANN) on a dataset of groundwater hydraulic heads and 3H concentrations generated using a high‐fidelity groundwater reactive transport model. Using the trained ANN as a surrogate model to reproduce the input–output response of the high‐fidelity reactive transport model, we quantify the posterior distributions of hydrogeological parameters and hydraulic forcing conditions using Markov chain Monte Carlo calibration against field observations of groundwater hydraulic heads and 3H concentrations. We demonstrate the methodology with a model application that predicts Chlorofluorocarbon‐12 (CFC‐12) solute transport at a contaminated field site in Wyoming, United States. Our results show that including 3H observations in the calibration dataset reduced the uncertainty in the estimated permeability field and infiltration rates, compared to calibration against hydraulic heads alone. However, predictive uncertainty quantification shows that CFC‐12 transport predictions conditioned to the parameter posterior distributions cannot reproduce the field measurements. We found that calibrating the model to hydraulic head and 3H observations results in groundwater mean ages that are too large to explain the observed CFC‐12 concentrations. The coupling of the physics‐based reactive transport model with the machine‐learning surrogate model allows us to efficiently quantify model parameter and predictive uncertainties, which is typically computationally intractable using reactive transport models alone.
When a Pandemic Strikes: Resilience of Swedish Academics in the Face of Coronavirus

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic hit the world with severe health consequences, affecting some populations more than others. One understudied population is the academic community. This study, part of a larger project looking at COVID-19 in Sweden and internationally, aims to understand the individual and collective dimensions of resilience among academics in Sweden during the early wave of the pandemic. Method: A quantitative research design was applied for this cross-sectional study. We used simple random sampling, administered through an online survey, on academics at Swedish universities (n = 278, 64% women). We employed the CD-RISC 2 (the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale) to measure personal/individual resilience, additional items for social/collective resilience, and a meaning-making coping instrument (meaning, control, comfort/spirituality, intimacy/spirituality, life transformation). Results: The results revealed a strong level of personal/individual resilience among men (M = 6.05) and a level just below strong among women (M = 5.90). By age group, those 35–49-year-olds showed strong resilience (M = 6.31). Family was the dominant social/collective resilience factor, followed by friends, nature, work/school, and, lastly, religion/spirituality. There was a positive and significant correlation between self-rated health and personal/individual resilience (r = 0.252, p = 0.001) and positive but weak correlations and negative significant correlations between personal/individual resilience and religious coping methods. Conclusions: During the pandemic, the family took priority in meaning-making, which is an interesting change in a strong individual-oriented society such as Sweden.
The clinical implications of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in systemic sclerosis.

OBJECTIVES We sought to quantify the burden of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and assess the progression of LVDD over time and its prognostic importance. METHODS Two-hundred and twenty-five participants enrolled in the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study were included and LVDD was assessed according to 2016 ASE/EACVI Guidelines. Logistic regression analyses and generalised estimating equations were performed to evaluate the relationship between LVDD and SSc disease characteristics and symptoms and signs of heart failure, respectively. The relationship between LVDD and mortality was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. RESULTS Thirty-four (15%) participants were diagnosed with LVDD. A further 89 (40%) participants had indeterminate diastolic function. Older age (p<0.01), hypertension (p=0.02), impaired systolic function (p=0.03) and interstitial lung disease (p=0.01) were all associated with the presence of LVDD. There was no association between the presence of LVDD and clinical signs of heart failure, however, LVDD was associated with more breathlessness and worse functional class (p=0.03). LVDD was observed to progress over time, with significant worsening of parameters of left ventricular filling pressure. There was no significant relationship between LVDD and mortality (p=0.23). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal diastolic function is a common finding in SSc, progresses over time and is associated with more severe dyspnoea. Whilst patients with LVDD are more breathless, LVDD is not clearly associated with clinical findings of heart failure demonstrating that LVDD may be of importance in explaining symptoms even in the absence of HFpEF in SSc.
Predicting Recurrence of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Current Techniques and Future Trends

Simple Summary Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is associated with its high rates of progression and recurrence, the proper diagnosis and management can save lives. Bladder cancer is the tenth most common type of cancer in the world. This review discusses the current markers used in the recurrence prediction of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and future trends, published in the last decade, in addition to the limitations and future prospects in the field of AI-based prediction systems. Abstract Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common cancer globally and has a high mortality rate if not detected early and treated promptly. Non-muscle-invasive BC (NMIBC) is a subclassification of BC associated with high rates of recurrence and progression. Current tools for predicting recurrence and progression on NMIBC use scoring systems based on clinical and histopathological markers. These exclude other potentially useful biomarkers which could provide a more accurate personalized risk assessment. Future trends are likely to use artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the prediction of recurrence in patients with NMIBC and decrease the use of standard clinical protocols such as cystoscopy and cytology. Here, we provide a comprehensive survey of the most recent studies from the last decade (N = 70 studies), focused on the prediction of patient outcomes in NMIBC, particularly recurrence, using biomarkers such as radiomics, histopathology, clinical, and genomics. The value of individual and combined biomarkers is discussed in detail with the goal of identifying future trends that will lead to the personalized management of NMIBC.
RELATIVISTIC SUPERNOVAE HAVE SHORTER-LIVED CENTRAL ENGINES OR MORE EXTENDED PROGENITORS: THE CASE OF SN 2012ap

Deep, late-time X-ray observations of the relativistic, engine-driven, type Ic SN 2012ap allow us to probe the nearby environment of the explosion and reveal the unique properties of relativistic supernova explosions (SNe). We find that on a local scale of ∼0.01 pc the environment was shaped directly by the evolution of the progenitor star with a pre-explosion mass-loss rate of , in line with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and the other relativistic SN 2009bb. Like sub-energetic GRBs, SN 2012ap is characterized by a bright radio emission and evidence for mildly relativistic ejecta. However, its late-time (δt ≈ 20 days) X-ray emission is ∼100 times fainter than the faintest sub-energetic GRB at the same epoch, with no evidence for late-time central engine activity. These results support theoretical proposals that link relativistic SNe like 2009bb and 2012ap with the weakest observed engine-driven explosions, where the jet barely fails to break out. Furthermore, our observations demonstrate that the difference between relativistic SNe and sub-energetic GRBs is intrinsic and not due to line-of-sight effects. This phenomenology can either be due to an intrinsically shorter-lived engine or to a more extended progenitor in relativistic SNe.