Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Invasion des côtes françaises par le mollusque exotique Crepidula fornicata : contribution de la dispersion larvaire et du système de reproduction au succès de la colonisation

Le systeme de reproduction et les capacites de dispersion seraient des elements preponderants dans les processus d'expansion geographique des especes. En raison du succes de la colonisation dans son aire d'introduction europeenne, suite a son arrivee accidentelle a la fin du 19eme siecle, Crepidula fornicata est un modele pertinent pour l'etude du processus d'expansion chez un mollusque exotique. Cette espece hermaphrodite protandre, possedant une phase larvaire d'une duree de deux a quatre semaines a envahi la majeure partie des bassins conchylicoles francais de la Manche et de l'Atlantique. Au cours de cette these, une approche s'appuyant sur des etudes empiriques de biologie et de genetique des populations a ete utilisee, afin d'etudier trois facteurs pouvant expliquer la proliferation de C. fornicata sur le littoral : i) les vecteurs de la dispersion (vecteurs anthropiques vs. dispersion naturelle), ii) les modalites de recrutement local et iii) la distribution des morphes sexuels dans les populations et le comportement reproducteur. Bien que les activites humaines aient eu un role predominant lors de l'installation initiale de cette espece en favorisant notamment la recurrence des introductions, l'etude des flux de genes, a l'aide de 8 locus enzymatiques et 5 locus microsatellites, a l'echelle i) des cotes francaises, ii) de la Manche et iii) du Golfe Normano-Breton indique que l'expansion de la crepidule sur le littoral s'explique surtout par la dispersion larvaire. L'analyse de la dynamique temporelle de quatre populations situees en baie du Mont-saint-Michel et en baie de Morlaix a mis en evidence que la repartition des mâles et des femelles dans les differentes classes d'âge favorise la reproduction entre les generations, un processus se traduisant par une homogeneite genetique entre les juveniles et les adultes reproducteurs locaux. Des analyses de paternite sur des larves, a l'aide de 5 locus microsatellites, demontrent un fort taux de paternite multiple chez cette espece, contribuant a maintenir une forte diversite genetique dans les populations. Globalement, les resultats de ces travaux montrent que la recurrence d'introduction, la dispersion a longue distance, la distribution des morphes sexuels dans la population et une reproduction locale efficace, associes a la tolerance ecologique de cette espece, expliquent le succes de l'installation de C. fornicata sur une large part des cotes de l'Atlantique et de la Manche.
What laboratory-induced dissolution trends tell us about natural diagenetic trends of carbonate rocks

Abstract The pivotal idea of this study is to unravel the processes that control heterogeneity in the attributes of the pore space in carbonate rocks (i.e. stiffness, connectivity and tortuosity), and, in turn, in the transport and elastic properties. We use starting rocks of variable fabric (i.e. a depositional-dependent microstructure) to induce a specific process (e.g. chemical dissolution under stress) and then observe the development of the microstructure, permeability, porosity and velocity due to the induced chemomechanical processes. We find that the changes in the two end members of the analysed rock types (mudstones and packstones) can lead to two different evolutionary trends of permeability and velocity, depending on the effectiveness of dissolution with respect to compaction. The balance between the two depends on: (a) the fraction of the carbonate phases characterized by large surface area; and (b) the pore stiffness of the rock. Packstones are characterized by low pore stiffness and compact significantly upon dissolution. This behaviour leads to a decrease in velocity because of a reduction in the stiffness at the grain contacts and a slight increase in permeability. The latter is curbed by the ongoing compaction. Mudstones are characterized by higher pore stiffness, experiencing minimal or negligible compaction. This behaviour leads to a slight change in porosity and velocity. However, large permeability changes are observed, related to enhanced connectivity or decreased tortuosity of the pathways.
Petrogenesis of Mantle Polymict Breccias: Insights into Mantle Processes Coeval with Kimberlite Magmatism

Mantle polymict breccias sampled by kimberlite magmas are complex mixtures of mantle minerals and rock clasts, cemented together by olivine, phlogopite, orthopyroxene, ilmenite, rutile and sulphides. Because of the kimberlite-like texture (i.e. mineral clasts of diverse origin and composition set in a magmatic matrix) and the large geochemical heterogeneity preserved in polymict breccias, these rocks are believed to derive from primitive or precursor kimberlite magmas. Therefore, the study of such xenoliths can provide constraints on the processes occurring in the mantle during the early stages of kimberlite ascent, and possibly on the composition of kimberlite melts. To constrain the petrogenesis of these unusual rocks, we have studied two samples of polymict breccia from the Bultfontein kimberlite (Kimberley, South Africa) and compared our results with published data for other polymict breccias. The most abundant phase in the matrix of the studied samples is olivine with a narrow range in Mg# (∼88–89), but variable Ni–Mn–Ca contents. Similar compositions are characteristic of magmatic olivine in the Bultfontein and nearby De Beers kimberlites. Orthopyroxene is the dominant phase in the matrix of polymict breccias surrounding clinopyroxene clasts, which, like the other silicate mineral clasts, are highly resorbed. The matrix orthopyroxene exhibits variable compositions, with significant enrichment in Ca, Na, Cr, Sr, Ba and light rare earth elements in the grains adjacent to clinopyroxene. The other main matrix phases (phlogopite, ilmenite and rutile) also display variable compositions. Matrix olivine hosts primary carbonate-rich inclusions similar to those observed in polymict breccia ilmenite. These inclusions were previously interpreted as an alkali-carbonate melt trapped during ilmenite growth. This alkali-carbonate melt may represent the parental melt to the matrix minerals of the polymict breccias. The variable composition of the matrix minerals is attributed to rapid, small-scale (centimetre to millimetre) variations in the melt composition owing to clast dissolution, possibly coupled with wall-rock assimilation, closely followed by fast cooling. Partial digestion of silicate porphyroclasts increased the Si content of the matrix melt, thus allowing crystallization of orthopyroxene. Further arguments in favour of a genetic relationship between polymict breccias and kimberlite magmas are provided by (1) similar Hf isotope compositions of polymict breccia ilmenite and South African kimberlites, (2) overlapping olivine compositions in polymict breccias and the host Bultfontein kimberlite, and (3) the occurrence of alkali-carbonate inclusions in polymict breccia and kimberlite minerals. Polymict breccias are interpreted as failed kimberlite intrusions, which metasomatized the magmatic conduit through which subsequent pulses of kimberlite magmas ascended. These wall-rock interactions would limit reactions between later pulses of kimberlite melt and mantle wall-rocks, thus enhancing the ability of kimberlite magmas to reach the surface.
SPECT/CT and a Portable γ-Camera for Image-Guided Laparoscopic Sentinel Node Biopsy in Testicular Cancer

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of SPECT/CT and real-time intraoperative imaging with a portable γ-camera for laparoscopic sentinel node (SN) localization in stage I testicular cancer. Methods: Ten patients with clinical stage I testicular cancer were studied between November 2006 and November 2010. Their mean age was 37 y (range, 25–50 y). The primary tumors were situated on the right side in 5 patients and on the left side in 5. After a funicular block with 2% lidocaine, an average dose of 80 MBq (range, 59–98 MBq) of 99mTc-nanocolloid in a volume of 0.2 mL was injected into the testicular parenchyma. Shortly after injection, a 10-min dynamic study was performed, followed by the acquisition of static planar images at 15 min and 2 h. SPECT/CT was performed at 2 h. After image fusion, SNs were visualized, and their exact anatomic location was determined. The SPECT/CT images were displayed in the operation room to guide SN detection using a laparoscopic γ-ray probe and a portable γ-camera. Results: Lymphatic drainage to the retroperitoneum was seen in all patients. SPECT/CT identified interaortocaval or paracaval SNs in the 5 patients with right-sided tumors, one of whom had an additional SN adjacent to the testicular vessels. In all 5 patients with left-sided tumors, paraaortic SNs were visualized; a node along the testicular vessels was visualized in 2 of these 5. Twenty-six SNs were laparoscopically removed (range, 1–4 per patient). An SN contained metastases in 1 case. No recurrences developed in the 9 patients with a tumor-free SN during a median follow-up of 21 mo (range, 2–50 mo). Conclusion: SPECT/CT enables accurate anatomic localization of retroperitoneal SNs in patients with testicular cancer, facilitating their laparoscopic retrieval. Real-time image guidance by a portable γ-camera improves intraoperative SN detection and appears to identify (20%) additional SNs.
A model of a regressive depositional system around the Old Red Continent as exemplified by a field trip in the Upper Famennian "Psammites du Condroz" in Belgium

L'etude detaillee et pluridisciplinaire des "Psammites du Condroz" a permis l'elaboration d'un modele paleogeographique pour le Famennien superieur dans la partie orientale du Synclinorium de Dinant, au sud du Massif Brabant-Londres.Ce modele illustre les interferences complexes entre la paleoclimatologie, le paleohydrodynamisme, la paleoecologie et les evenements tectono-sedimentaires marquant un "shelf" proche du rivage et de faible profondeur d'eau, receptacle de sediments siliciclastiques (le Shelf ardennais). Pour le Groupe des Psammites du Condroz, onze phases sedimentaires successives s'inscrivent suivant un style de progradation complexe et y impliquent l'influence d'une activite tectonique synsedimentaire (basculement de blocs). La progradation complete des mega-environnements cotiers vers le sud et le sud-ouest correspond a un evenement regressif majeur durant le Famennien terminal.Le materiau sedimentaire, compose de sables arkosiques fins et bien classes, resulte de la destruction, par les courants, de lobes deltaiques en dehors de la zone etudiee, ainsi que du transport de ces sables prodeltaiques vers le "shelf". Des pulsations transgressives episodiques interrompent la megasequence regressive en permettant le developpement temporaire de carbonates de "shelf" protege. Ces carbonates furent ensuite remanies par les courants cotiers, par les vagues de tempete et par les courants de densite en produisant un facies nodulaire (calcaire sableux) caracteristique. Tout a fait localement, d'importantes accumulations de debris de crinoides ont forme des structures carbonatees en voie de developpement dont la localisation est pilotee par le rejeu de failles profondes ("block-faulting"). Exceptionnellement, des "mud mounds" (monticules de boue calcaire) a algues, eponges et crinoides se sont developpes de maniere temporaire a l'occasion d'apports declinants de siliciclastiques et grâce a des conditions ecologiques locales favorables. Les "mounds" de Baelen representent les seules structures recifales connues dans le Famennien superieur du Massif ardenno-rhenan et se placent apres l'extinction des recifs a la limite Frasnien-Famennien.
The changing epidemiology of paediatric inﬂammatory bowel disease:

1. Chouraki V, Savoye G, Dauchet L, et al. The changing pattern of Crohn’s disease incidence in Northern France: a continuing increase in the 10 to 19-year-old age bracket (1988–2007). Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 1133–42. 2. Gower-Rousseau C, Salomez JL, Dupas JL, et al. Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in northern France (1988–1990). Gut 1994; 35: 1433–8. 3. Silverberg MS, Satsangi J, Ahmad T, et al. Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology. Can J Gastroenterol 2005; 19(Suppl. A): 5–36. 4. Levine A, Griffiths A, Markowitz J, et al. Pediatric modification of the Montreal classification for inflammatory bowel disease: the Paris classification. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010 [Epub ahead of print]. 5. Van Limbergen J, Russell RK, Drummond HE, et al. Definition of phenotypic characteristics of childhood-onset inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2008; 135: 1114–22. 6. Henderson P, Hansen R, Cameron FL, et al. The rising incidence of early-onset inflammatory bowel disease in Scotland. Gut 2010; 59(Suppl. 1): A40.
A Structural Vector Autoregression Model of Monetary Policy in Australia

This paper examines the effects of monetary policy in Australia using a small structural vector autoregression model. The model we use is a modification of the small open economy model developed for the G6 economies (the G7 less the United States) by Kim and Roubini (1999). The success of the Kim and Roubini model across these economies makes it a natural starting point to analyse monetary policy in Australia. Consistent with Kim and Roubini, we find no evidence of the price or exchange rate puzzles identified in the literature. We demonstrate that, in the Australian context, modelling the interdependence between the domestic interest rate, the foreign interest rate and the nominal exchange rate is critical to resolving these puzzles. Further, we demonstrate that the Kim and Roubini model can be further usefully refined when applied to the Australian data. We use the model to perform various monetary policy experiments and the results of these experiments accord well with both the existing SVAR literature and previous empirical work for Australia. We find that monetary policy shocks have a delayed and gradual effect on the price level and a small temporary effect on output. We also use the model to examine the effects of shocks to the Australian economy and the role of monetary policy in response to these shocks. Generally, we find that monetary policy has served to dampen both output and price fluctuations. A qualifying aspect of our results is the model’s instability, for example, around the most recent change in the implementation of monetary policy in Australia.
Probability risk assessment of landslides: A case study at Finneidfjord

Probabilistic risk assessments are increasingly being considered the most appropriate framework for engineers to systematically base decisions on hazard mitigation issues. This paper aims to show the advantages of a quantitative risk assessment by application to a historical case study. The generalized integrated risk assessment framework has been applied retrospectively to a submarine landslide that occurred in 1996 near the village of Finneidfjord in northern Norway. Over 1 million cubic metres of predominantly quick clay was displaced. Even though it was triggered underwater on the embankment of the Sorfjord, the retrogressive nature of the slide resulted in it encroaching 100–150 m inland. The triggering mechanism is believed to have been the placement of fill, from a nearby tunnelling project, on the foreshore of the embankment. This paper is a retrospective quantitative evaluation of the risk to the neighbouring houses, the persons in those houses, and the persons in open spaces caused by the placem.
Isotopic signatures of black tektites from the K‐T boundary on Haiti: Implications for the age and type of source material

Abstract— U-Th-Pb, Rb-Sr, and Sm-Nd isotopic signatures of corroded, but unaltered, black glassy tektites from Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary rock on Haiti are not consistent with their derivation from an impact on MOR-derived oceanic crust or continental regions involving middle Proterozoic or older crustal material. Two single-grain and two batches of these tektites yielded present-day ∍Nd = −3.0 to −3.4, ∍Sr = +55 to 56, 206Pb/204Pb = 18.97; 207Pb/204Pb = 15.74; 208Pb/204Pb = 38.91 values, and Pb, Rb, Sr, Sm, and Nd concentrations of ∼6, ∼45, ∼535, ∼4.7, and ∼22 ppm, respectively. Initial ∍Nd and ∍Sr values for the tektites are different from time-integrated Nd-Sr isotopic signatures for almost all oceanic crustal types. Age-corrected Pb isotopic values are similar to those for pelagic sediments with distinctly higher 207Pb/204Pb values compared to MORB. However, these results do not exclude the possibility of an oceanic impact site, if the tektites were derived from fine-grained sediments that typically overlie such regions, although other mineralogic and chemical evidence from K-T boundary debris suggests otherwise. Moreover, the Nd average crustal residence age of ∼ 1080 Ma (TDM) for the black tektites eliminates impact sites on continental crustal regions involving middle Proterozoic or older rocks, or sedimentary rocks largely derived from them. Previously reported major and trace element data from the black tektites suggest that the source material was possibly sedimentary with a composition similar to average shale or graywacke. If this is the case, then the Nd isotopic data suggest that the source rocks were not older than Silurian (TCHUR = 400 Ma) in age, and were composed largely of young (< 1080 Ma) crustal material. Of the suspected K-T boundary impact sites, both the Manson (Iowa) and Chicxulub (Yucatan) structures occur in suitable lithologies to yield the Haitian black tektites, although neither structure has as yet proven to be the tektite source.
Effect of intraosseous injection versus inferior alveolar nerve block as primary pulpal anaesthesia of mandibular posterior teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a prospective randomized clinical trial

Abstract Objective: This study sought to assess the success rate, effect on blood pressure, and pain of intraosseous injection (IO) and inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) for pulpal anaesthesia of mandibular posterior teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis as the primary anaesthetic technique. Materials and methods: This randomized clinical trial (IRCT2013022712634N1) was conducted on 60 patients between 18 and 65 years suffering from symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of a mandibular posterior tooth. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group one received IO while group two received IANB with 3% mepivacaine. After anaesthetic injection, success rate of pulpal anaesthesia was assessed by pulp testing in the two groups. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures of patients were compared before and after the anaesthetic injections. Level of pain during injection was scored using a visual analogue scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, t-test and chi square test at p = . 05 level of significance. Results: Success rate of IO (56.7%) was significantly higher than that of IANB (23.3%) (p = .008). There was no significant difference in pain during anaesthetic injection (p = .304) or change in systolic (p = .80) and diastolic (p = .28) blood pressures following injection between the two techniques. Conclusions: IO had a higher success rate than IANB for pulpal anaesthesia of mandibular posterior teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Neither technique provided profound pulpal anaesthesia.
Dynamics of a small tidal estuarine plume

Small-scale estuarine plume discharges into adjacent seas are common inshore features responsible for the transportation and dispersion of brackish water in the coastal zone. However, the physics that govern small-scale mixing in the frontal regions of river plumes are still poorly understood. The current study quantified and compared the observed hydrodynamic properties present inside a radially spreading river plume discharge from the River Teign, Teignmouth, Devon, UK, to those predicted by a generic plume model. Numerical simulations designed to replicate time dependent radial plume spreading from a constant source predicted the development of an internal interfacial bore that lagged the surface plume front through radial distance and time from initial plume release. The model was scaled from time lapse X-band radar imagery that recorded several plume discharge events. Scaled model output predicted the internal bore to form approximately 180 m behind the leading surface front. Subsequent field studies employed instrumentation capable of recording high-resolution measurements of temperature, salinity and velocity, spatially and vertically throughout the plume's buoyant layer over two ebb tidal cycles. Results suggested the plume advanced at a rate dependent on a super-critical interfacial Froude number of 0(1.3) and was a region of intense mixing and downward mass entrainment. Temperature contours recorded through the stratified plume gave no indication of an internal bore in its predicted position but did show an abrupt shallowing of the interfacial region some 40 to 60 m behind the surface plimie front. Super-critical interfacial Froude and critical Gradient Richardson numbers present in this region of the plume implied that this was the position of the predicted bore. The form of the bore often appeared as an ensemble of undular internal hydraulic jumps rather than a singular discontinuity as predicted by the model. Bulk mixing analysis inside the leading front based on established gravity current theory suggested that the extent of turbulent exchange in the model frontal boundary condition P, was underestimated by about a factor of 2. With the required increase in p, model simulations showed a decrease in the lag distance of internal bore formation to one where critical Froude numbers were detected inside the actual plume. Throughout both surveys, the gravity head remained a reasonably constant size due to any increase in across frontal velocity over the ebb tidal cycle being matched by an increase in entrainment and mixing. The subsequent conclusions from the study show the outflow and mixing dynamics are controlled by the estuary's tidal modulation of estuarine brackish water outflow / plume inflow rate behind the leading plume frontal discontinuity.
Trends in exposure to and perceptions of e-cigarette marketing among youth in England, Canada and the United States between 2017 and 2019.

E-Cigarette marketing may influence e-cigarette use among youth. This study examined reported exposure to and perceptions of e-cigarette marketing among youth between 2017 and 2019 across countries with varying e-cigarette marketing restrictions. Cross-sectional online surveys were conducted with 35 490 youth aged 16-19 from England, Canada and the United States in 2017, 2018 and 2019. Weighted logistic regression models examined trends in the adjusted prevalence of self-reported exposure to e-cigarette marketing and the perceived appeal of e-cigarette ads between 2017 and 2019, by country and by smoking/vaping status. Reports of frequent exposure to e-cigarette marketing increased between 2017 and 2019 in all countries, but less so in England, where e-cigarette marketing is more restricted. Perceiving e-cigarette marketing as appealing increased from 2017 to 2019 in Canada and the United States, but not in England. In England, exposure to e-cigarette marketing did not increase in prohibited channels between 2017 and 2019. Between 2017 and 2019, never-users' reports increased for exposure to and appeal of e-cigarette marketing. The results suggest some effectiveness of e-cigarette marketing bans in England and receptivity to e-cigarette marketing among youth never users.