Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 11:4

Prior exposure to a stimulus can facilitate the performance to subsequent presentations of that stimulus. ERP studies have shown that this facilitation is associated with the modulation of two components (N400 and P600). Investigation of the time course of both behavioral and ERP repetition effects have led to the assumption that it is subserved by the combination of at least two mechanisms operating at different time-points: a short-delay semantic activation and a long-lasting episodic mechanism. The present experiment recorded intracranial ERPs from various structures during a continuous recognition memory task to investigate the respective contribution of the different brain regions to shortand long-delay ERP repetition effects. The results are in good agreement with both the classical neuropsychological literature and the more recent data obtained with functional imagery techniques. They provide electrophysiological evidence of multiple anatomo-functional memory systems in the human brain: a short-term semantic activation system and a long-term episodic memory system, with interface structures that coordinate the functioning of
The Relation Between Attention and Memory.

The relation between attention and memory has long been deemed important for understanding cognition, and it was heavily researched even in the first experimental psychology laboratory by Wilhelm Wundt and his colleagues. Since then, the importance of the relation between attention and memory has been explored in myriad subdisciplines of psychology, and we incorporate a wide range of these diverse fields. Here, we examine some of the practical consequences of this relation and summarize work with various methodologies relating attention to memory in the fields of working memory, long-term memory, individual differences, life-span development, typical brain function, and neuropsychological conditions. We point out strengths and unanswered questions for our own embedded processes view of information processing, which is used to organize a large body of evidence. Last, we briefly consider the relation of the evidence to a range of other theoretical views before drawing conclusions about the state of the field. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 75 is January 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Optimal cutoff point of vertebral body cross-sectional area as a morphological parameter for predicting lumbar spondylolysis

The relationship between vertebral body cross-sectional area (VBCSA) and spinal conditions associated with increased lumbar lordosis, such as lumbar spondylolysis (LSL), is not known. We investigated the morphological parameter, VBCSA, to predict LSL. The VBCSA on MRI has not been studied for its association with LSL. We hypothesized that VBCSA is an important morphological parameter for LSL prediction. We collected VBCSA data from 90 patients (43 males and 47 females) with LSL and 91 control subjects (44 males and 47 females) who underwent lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (LS-MRI). Axial T2-weighted LS-MRI images were obtained from all participants. Using our picture archiving and communications system, we analyzed the VBCSA at the level of the L5 vertebral body by utilizing MRI. The average VBCSA was 2263.51 ± 306.02 mm2 in the male control group and 1820.92 ± 224.89 mm2 in the male LSL group. LSL patients had significantly lower VBCSAs (P < .001) than did the male controls. The average VBCSA was 1985.21 ± 258.05 mm2 in the female control group and 1553.73 ± 250.02 mm2 in the female LSL group, and the LSL patients also had significantly lower VBCSAs (P < .001) than did the female controls. The optimal VBCSA cutoff value in the male group was 2014.69 mm2 with 76.7% sensitivity, 75.0% specificity, and an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.82–0.95). In the female group, the optimal cutoff score was 1814.11 mm2 with 76.6% sensitivity, 76.6% specificity, and an AUC of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.82–0.95). VBCSA is a sensitive objective morphological parameter for assessing LSL, and a lower VBCSA is associated with a higher possibility of LSL. We believe that these results will be useful in diagnostic radiology for evaluating patients with LSL.
Sex-Specific Associations Between Preoperative Hemoglobin and Outcomes After Major Noncardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Preoperative anemia is an established risk factor for morbidity and mortality after surgery. Men and women have different hemoglobin concentrations and are at different risks of postoperative complications. However, sex-stratified analysis on the association between preoperative hemoglobin and outcomes after noncardiac surgery has been limited in previous studies METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients undergoing elective major noncardiac surgery in a large academic hospital. The primary outcome was a collapsed composite of postoperative mortality or cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, and infectious complications during hospitalization. Sex-specific univariable associations between preoperative hemoglobin and the composite outcome were visualized using moving-average and cubic-spline smoothing plots. Multivariable regression models adjusting for patient demographics, comorbidities, medication uses, laboratory tests, and anesthesia/surgery features were used to estimate confounder-adjusted associations. Restricted cubic spline and piecewise linear functions were used to assess the possible nonlinear relationships between preoperative hemoglobin and the outcomes. The interaction between patient sex and hemoglobin on outcomes was assessed using a likelihood-ratio test. RESULTS: We included 22,550 patients, with 6.7% (622 of 9268) of women and 9.7% (1293 of 13,282) of men developing the primary outcome. Lower preoperative hemoglobin was associated with a higher incidence of the primary composite outcome in both men and women. Nonlinearity for the association was not statistically significant in either women (P = .539) or men (P = .165). The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios per 1 g/dL increase in hemoglobin were 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87–0.98; P = .013) for women and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90–0.97; P < .001) for men, with no interaction by sex (Pinteraction = .923). No hemoglobin thresholds were confirmed at which the associations with the primary outcome changed significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Low preoperative hemoglobin was associated with a higher risk of complications or mortality after elective noncardiac surgery in both men and women. No differences in the strength of associations between sexes were found. Further studies are needed to assess whether these associations are linear or there are sex-specific thresholds of preoperative hemoglobin concentrations below which postoperative risks begin to increase.
Characterization of Viral Communities in Soil, Activated Sludge, and Influent

This study is the first viral metagenomic analysis of activated sludge and influent samples as well as the first comparison between culture-dependent and –independent analyses of viral communities. A phage culture collection containing 28 plaque-positive (13 purified) phage was obtained. From the viral metagenomic libraries 1,161 sequences from AS (activated sludge) (0.76 MB) and 618 sequences from IN (influent) (0.41MB) were analyzed. Based on BLAST comparisons against the GenBank databases, it was determined that the AS sample was much more diverse (10,001 genotypes) and less characterized (35% novel) compared to the IN sample (160 genotypes and 18% novel). DNA from cultured AS viruses was amplified using primers derived from sequences that were abundant in the AS viral metagenomic library. A phylogenetic analysis of these viral sequences from cultured phage revealed that the cultured phage were more similar to the sequences obtained from a metagenomic library than to any sequence within the GenBank database. These data reveal the striking degree of functional genetic diversity within viruses in wastewater treatment samples, and the paucity of viral sequences within existing GenBank databases.
Photoresponsive N,N 0 -disubstituted indigo derivatives

The synthesis and a comprehensive characterization of the excited state properties of five N,N 0 -substituted indigo ( Ind ) derivatives (acetyl-, benzoyl-, methoxybenzoyl-, nitrobenzoyl-and chlorobenzoyl-) was undertaken in various solvents and temperatures. In the excited state, rotation around the central double bond was found with N,N 0 -diacetylindigo ( DAI ) and N,N 0 -dibenzoilindigo ( DBI ) derivatives. Both DAI and DBI acyl derivatives show rotation in the excited state around the central C – C bond, leading to a conical intersection (CI). Steric hindrance prevents DBI from accomplishing full rotation (which consequently does not fully isomerize) with two conformers being experimentally found from both fs-transient absorption and time-resolved emission measurements. For DAI , the fluorescence decays are single exponential (varying from 2790 ps in 2MeTHF to 7520 ps in MCH), while fs-TA indicates the presence of two species, with lifetimes, in 2MeTHF, of 33 ps and 2790 ps. All the acyl derivatives show blue shifted absorption and emission from the parent indigo dye due to stabilization of the π HOMO orbital in the S 1 π * ← π transition by delocalization to the acyl carbonyl. The extent of blue shift among the different acyl derivatives is found to depend on the geometric constraints imposed on the dihedral angle between indigo and the acyl group. With the DBI derivatives, interconversion between the two conformers in the excited state leads to rate constant values ranging from 1.3 � 10 10 s (cid:0) 1 (in MeTHF) to 3.6 � 10 9 s (cid:0) 1 for the nitrobenzoyl-DBI derivative (in dioxane).
Accommodating Students with Disabilities: Fieldwork Educators’ Experiences

Background. Fieldwork is an essential part of experiential learning in occupational therapy education. Fieldwork educators identify limits on reasonable accommodation and difficulty implementing disability-related accommodations. Student occupational therapists with disabilities report discrimination from within the profession, including inflexible fieldwork environments. Purpose. To understand the experiences of occupational therapy fieldwork educators in Canada in accommodating students with disabilities and to develop action-oriented practice recommendations. Method. In this interpretive description study, we interviewed 11 fieldwork educators about their experiences accommodating students with disabilities. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a constant comparative approach. Findings. Educators emphasized a meta-theme of “Learning” when asked about disability-related accommodations. Three subthemes about student learning emerged: 1. Educators focused on “Student Learning in Preparation for Professional Practice” rather than their fieldwork setting only; 2. Educators were “Using Occupational Therapy Skills for Student Learning” in fieldwork; and 3. Educators recognized that their professional and personal “Context Influences Student Learning. ” Conclusion. Fieldwork educators can work with students to align their accommodations with required learning outcomes for professional practice and use their occupational therapy skills to assist with implementation. Fieldwork educators require time and other supports to work effectively with all students.
STUDY 3. Maternal parenting styles, homework help, and children’s literacy development in language minority and Finnish-speaking families

The aim of this study was to examine the role of mothers’ (language minority mothers, LM, n = 49, and Finnish-speaking mothers, MP, n = 368) parenting styles and maternal help with their children’s homework in the children’s (mean age 11.43 years) literacy skills at fourth grade in Finland. In addition, the moderating effect of a child’s gender on this relationship was investigated. The results showed that the LM mothers used psychological control more than MP mothers. Furthermore, the more LM mothers used warmth and psychological styles of parenting, the more they helped their daughters, not sons, with homework. The more LM mothers used behavioral control the less they helped the daughters. MP mothers’ parenting styles did not relate to their children´s reading and spelling skills. Maternal help negatively related to children’s reading skills in both groups. This research provides new information to teachers and educators who work in multicultural teams. Because our findings could be applied in the educational settings of multilingual students, they are likely to be of great interest to the visionary scientists, researchers, teachers, and trainees.
Diagnostic value of CA125, HE4, and systemic immune-inflammation index in the preoperative investigation of ovarian masses

This study aimed to ascertain the diagnostic accuracy of CA125, HE4, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and their combination for ovarian cancer (OC) to discover an optimal combined diagnostic index for early diagnosis of OC. A thorough investigation was conducted to ascertain the correlation between these markers and the pathological characteristics of OC, thereby providing a foundation for early identification and treatment of this disorder. One hundred seventy patients with documented OC and benign ovarian tumors (BOTs) treated at Hebei General Hospital between January 2019 and December 2022 were included in this retrospective study. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version V26.0, MedCalc Statistical Software version 19.4. 0, and the R Environment for Statistical Computing software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing). Isolated CA125 showed the best application value for differentiating benign ovarian tumors from OC when the defined variables were compared separately. The combination of CA125, HE4, FAR, SII, and PNI displayed a greater area under the operating characteristic curve curve than any one of them or other combinations of the 5 variables. Compared to CA125 alone, the combination of CA125, HE4, FAR, SII, and PNI showed a slight gain in sensitivity (83.91%), negative predictive value (83.91%), accuracy (85.88%), and a decrease in negative likelihood ratio (0.180%). Higher preoperative CA125, HE4, SII, and FAR levels, and lower PNI levels predicted a higher probability of advanced OC progression and lymph node metastasis. FAR has better application value than other inflammation-related markers (PNI and SII). This study suggests that preoperative serum SII, PNI, and FAR may be clinically valuable markers in patients with OC. FAR has better application value than other inflammation-related markers (PNI and SII). As we delve deeper into the inflammatory mechanisms associated with tumors, we may discover more effective combinations of tumor and inflammatory biomarkers.
Between theory and practice – foreign language teacher students’ cognition of oral proficiency and grammar teaching in Sweden

The present study explores patterns of cognition among 14 foreign language (FL) teacher students in Sweden regarding teaching oral proficiency and grammar in French German, Italian and Spanish. It is based on reflective cumulative log texts written by the students during a theoretical course in FL pedagogy. The log texts were investigated using qualitative content analysis to uncover central themes and patterns of agency. The findings indicate, among other things, that the FL teacher students hold strong experience-based cognitions regarding teaching both oral proficiency and grammar, and that, regardless if their FL learning experiences at school were based on form-focused teaching or communicative teaching, they struggle to negotiate the role of grammar in a communicative language teaching framework.
Geology of the Birdseye 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Utah County, Utah:Â Implications for Mid-Cenozoic Extension and Deposition of the Moroni Formation

Geology of the Birdseye 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Utah County, Utah, Implications for Mid-Cenozoic Extension and Deposition of the Moroni Formation Don Bagshaw Department of Geological Sciences, BYU Master of Science Geologic structures within the Birdseye 7.5 minute quadrangle Utah County, Utah have been related by previous workers to both the Jurassic Arapien Shale diapirism and to the midCenozoic extensional collapse of the Charleston-Nebo Thrust. Whichever model proves valid, it will have implications for oil exploration and interpretation of the subsurface geologic structure in the region. A detailed map of the quadrangle was constructed to better constrain which mechanism was responsible for the deformation. Exposures of Arapien Shale near, and within the Birdseye quadrangle show no evidence of diapiric movement. Arapien involvement in the deformation of Tertiary rocks in the center of the quadrangle is therefore unlikely. Changes in the pattern of sedimentation of Eocene age rocks suggest a change in tectonics during this time. Restoration of the Eocene strata shows that the most plausible mechanism for this deformation is extension along reactivated thrusts in the Arapien Shale, Thaynes Formation, and Woodside Shale, related to Basin and Range extension. The Moroni Formation, a prominent Tertiary volcanic unit present throughout the Birdseye quadrangle, has been used to justify Eocene extension. Deformation with the formation was found to be present only along the Thistle Canyon normal fault, constraining movement along the fault to the Eocene and later. Dip and facies relationships present within the formation mainly are a result of paleotopography rather than extension. Several distinctive units were mapped within the formation, including lahar and fluvial deposits, as well as two different ashflow tuffs. A depletion in nickel and chromium, an unusually ferroan composition, and distinctive Fe/Ti ratios suggest that the volcaniclastic rocks of the Moroni Formation are similar to volcanic rocks in the Slate Jack Canyon and Goshen quadrangles which lie about 35 km to the west. This implies that the ignimbrites and volcanic clasts in the Moroni Formation were sourced from the East Tintic volcanic center. It further implies that any mid-Tertiary extension between the East Tintic center and the Birdseye quadrangle did not create barriers to sedimentation and was limited in extent.
Relationships between age, fMRI correlates of familiarity and familiarity-based memory performance under single and dual task conditions

Using fMRI, we investigated the effects of age and divided attention on the neural correlates of familiarity and their relationship with memory performance. At study, word pairs were visually presented to young and older participants under the requirement to make a relational judgment on each pair. Participants were then scanned while undertaking an associative recognition test under single and dual (auditory tone detection) task conditions. The test items comprised studied, rearranged (words from different studied pairs) and new word pairs. fMRI familiarity effects were operationalized as greater activity elicited by studied pairs incorrectly identified as ‘rearranged’ than by correctly rejected new pairs. The reverse contrast was employed to identify ‘novelty’ effects. Behavioral familiarity estimates were equivalent across age groups and task conditions. Robust fMRI familiarity effects were identified in several regions, including medial and superior lateral parietal cortex, dorsal medial and left lateral prefrontal cortex, and bilateral caudate. fMRI novelty effects were identified in the anterior medial temporal lobe. Both familiarity and novelty effects were age-invariant and did not vary according to task condition. In addition, the familiarity effects correlated positively with a behavioral estimate of familiarity strength irrespective of age. These findings extend a previous report from our laboratory, and converge with prior behavioral reports, in demonstrating that the factors of age and divided attention have minimal impact on behavioral and neural estimates of familiarity.
Rowan Digital Works Rowan Digital Works

Many young adult drivers read and send text messages while driving despite clear safety risks. Understanding predictors of texting-while-driving may help to indentify relevant targets for interventions to reduce this dangerous behavior. The present study examined whether individual differences in mindfulness is associated with texting-while-driving in a sample of young-adult drivers. Using path analysis, we tested whether this relationship would be mediated by the degree to which individuals use text-messaging as a means of reducing unpleasant emotions (emotion-regulation motives) and the degree to which individuals limit texting in order to focus on present-moment experiences (attention-regulation motives). Individuals lower in mindfulness reported more frequent texting-while-driving and this relationship appeared to be mediated primarily by emotion-regulation motives. Results may help inform the development of mindfulness-based interventions to prevent texting-while-driving.