Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of flute-type electrostatic turbulence

Low frequency flute-type electrostatic fluctuations are investigated experimentally in a magnetized plasma column. The fluctuations are generated by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability due to an azimuthal E0*B0/B02 velocity shear at the edge of the column. Correlation measurements demonstrate a coupling between this instability and gradient drift instabilities located at a radial position with the strongest density gradient. Cross-correlation measurements of density and potential fluctuations demonstrate that the instability saturates by shifting the phase between these two quantities to a value differing from the one predicted by a linearized analysis. Also the dynamic properties of the turbulence were investigated by perturbing the time stationary turbulent fluctuations by an external signal. The turbulent fluctuations give rise to an anomalous plasma flux across the magnetic field lines. This flux is determined by measurements of density and velocity correlations, where the randomly varying velocity is identified with the fluctuating E*B0/B02 velocity. An explicit value for the effective bulk plasma diffusion coefficient is obtained from the measurements. The variations in turbulent plasma flux due to an externally injected signal were investigated. The turbulent diffusion may actually decrease in a transient time period.
Production of 3D Printed Bi-Layer and Tri-Layer Sandwich Scaffolds with Polycaprolactone and Poly (vinyl alcohol)-Metformin towards Diabetic Wound Healing

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease characterized by impaired insulin secretion, sensitivity, and hyperglycemia. Diabetic wounds are one of the significant complications of T2DM owing to its difficulty in normal healing, resulting in chronic wounds. In the present work, PCL/PVA, PCL/PVA/PCL, and metformin-loaded, PCL/PVA-Met and PCL/PVA-Met/PCL hybrid scaffolds with different designs were fabricated using 3D printing. The porosity and morphological analysis of 3D-printed scaffolds were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The scaffolds’ average pore sizes were between 63.6 ± 4.0 and 112.9 ± 3.0 μm. Molecular and chemical interactions between polymers and the drug were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical, thermal, and degradation analysis of the scaffolds were undertaken to investigate the physico-chemical characteristics of the scaffolds. Owing to the structure, PCL/PVA/PCL sandwich scaffolds had lower degradation rates than the bi-layer scaffolds. The drug release of the metformin-loaded scaffolds was evaluated with UV spectrometry, and the biocompatibility of the scaffolds on fibroblast cells was determined by cell culture analysis. The drug release in the PCL/PVA-Met scaffold was sustained till six days, whereas in the PCL/PVA-Met/PCL, it continued for 31 days. In the study of drug release kinetics, PCL/PVA-Met and PCL/PVA-Met/PCL scaffolds showed the highest correlation coefficients (R2) values for the first-order release model at 0.8735 and 0.889, respectively. Since the layered structures in the literature are mainly obtained with the electrospun fiber structures, these biocompatible sandwich scaffolds, produced for the first time with 3D-printing technology, may offer an alternative to existing drug delivery systems and may be a promising candidate for enhancing diabetic wound healing.
Cardiovascular Comorbidities in Relation to the Functional Status and Vitamin D Levels in Elderly Patients with Dementia

(1) Background: As dementia is an incurable, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, we gathered and analyzed a number of patient characteristics, assessing possible correlations that may support early diagnosis and a more accurate prognosis for cognitively impaired patients. (2) Methods: We used standard clinical parameters (cognitive and functional status, comorbidities, and plasma vitamin D levels) in a study group of 162 patients aged above 55 years old. (3) Results: We reported a higher incidence of cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities in patients with severe or moderate cognitive impairment; a validated correlation between functional status, cognitive status, and serum vitamin D levels; and a more frequently associated profile of neurologic comorbidities in patients with a more significant cognitive deficiency. (4) Conclusions: The present research adds data on the significant correlations of cognitive deficits with cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurologic diseases (and the lack of correlation with osteoarticular illness). Clinicians should make the best use of the current screening and assessment tools (such as the functional scoring of daily activities, cognitive evaluation, and the screening of risk factors). Our data may offer starting points for future in-depth analysis of dementia-modifiable risk factors.
Pharmacological and Clinical Efficacy of Picrorhiza kurroa and Its Secondary Metabolites: A Comprehensive Review

Traditional remedies for the treatment of various ailments are gaining popularity. Traditionally, one of the most valuable therapeutic herbs has been Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth. Traditional and folk uses of P. kurroa include chronic constipation, skin-related problems, burning sensation, chronic reoccurring fever, jaundice, heart problems, breathing, digestion, allergy, tuberculosis, blood-related problems, prediabetes and obesity, laxative, cholagogue, and liver stimulatory. Phytoconstituents such as glycosides, alkaloids, cucurbitacins, iridoids, phenolics, and terpenes in P. kurroa have shown promising pharmacological potential. In order to uncover novel compounds that may cure chronic illnesses, such as cardiovascular, diabetes, cancer, respiratory, and hepatoprotective diseases, the screening of P. kurroa is essential. This study comprehensively evaluated the ethnopharmacological efficacy, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, dose, and toxicity of P. kurroa. This review provides comprehensive insights into this traditional medication for future research and therapeutic application. The purpose of this review article was to determine the pharmacological effects of P. kurroa on a variety of disorders. P. kurroa may be a natural alternative to the standard treatment for eradicating newly evolving diseases. This study is intended as a resource for future fundamental and clinical investigations.
THE CONSTANCY OF [ALPHA/FE] IN GLOBULAR CLUSTERS OF DIFFERING [FE/H] AND AGE

We review the literature to derive estimates for the abundances of the four "alpha" elements' abundances relative to iron [O/Fe], [Si/Fe], [Ca/Fe], and [Ti/Fe], as a function of [Fe/H] and age, in the globular clusters. Magnesium is under-studied, and is depleted in some metal-poor cluster giants, and hence is not useful for study. While [O/Fe] values within clusters vary, due to mixing of ON cycle material into their photospheres, consideration of only those stars with low sodium abundances, [Na/Fe] ≤ 0.00, shows that the unmixed stars in clusters have uniformly high [O/Fe] values, from [Fe/H] = -2.24 to -0.58. The "mean alpha" values from two of the other three elements, silicon and titanium, also do not appear to vary. [Ca/Fe] does appear to drop as [Fe/H] increases or age decreases, but this may indicate a problem with the use of neutral calcium lines. Thus, there does not appear to be any sign of Type Ia supernovae contributions to the globular clusters, despite wide ranges in [Fe/H] and age. If the three globular cluster classes, "old halo", "young halo", and "disk", are related to one another, if our relative cluster ages are correct, and if the Type Ia supernovae model is the correct explanation of the declining [alpha/Fe] ratios observed among field stars, then its timescale must be much longer than 109 years. If the timescale is that short, then at a minimum, it is clear that the "old halo" and "disk" globular clusters do not share a common chemical history, despite both showing prograde Galactic rotation. In that case, one of the classes presumably formed farther from the Galaxy and was later accreted by it.
Multi-Stage Classification-Based Deep Learning for Gleason System Grading Using Histopathological Images

Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer and the second that causes death in the US. The means of PC treatment have improved with the low-risk disease for men. The Gleason system grading that comprises the Gleason score and Gleason pattern is the primary measurement to assess PC using pathological data, as well as grade groups. We have developed an automated diagnostic deep learning system for the Gleason system, which significantly affects the final treatment and is considered a valuable decision-support tool for PC patients. Abstract In this work, we introduced an automated diagnostic system for Gleason system grading and grade groups (GG) classification using whole slide images (WSIs) of digitized prostate biopsy specimens (PBSs). Our system first classifies the Gleason pattern (GP) from PBSs and then identifies the Gleason score (GS) and GG. We developed a comprehensive DL-based approach to develop a grading pipeline system for the digitized PBSs and consider GP as a classification problem (not segmentation) compared to current research studies (deals with as a segmentation problem). A multilevel binary classification was implemented to enhance the segmentation accuracy for GP. Also, we created three levels of analysis (pyramidal levels) to extract different types of features. Each level has four shallow binary CNN to classify five GP labels. A majority fusion is applied for each pixel that has a total of 39 labeled images to create the final output for GP. The proposed framework is trained, validated, and tested on 3080 WSIs of PBS. The overall diagnostic accuracy for each CNN is evaluated using several metrics: precision (PR), recall (RE), and accuracy, which are documented by the confusion matrices.The results proved our system’s potential for classifying all five GP and, thus, GG. The overall accuracy for the GG is evaluated using two metrics, PR and RE. The grade GG results are between 50% to 92% for RE and 50% to 92% for PR. Also, a comparison between our CNN architecture and the standard CNN (ResNet50) highlights our system’s advantage. Finally, our deep-learning system achieved an agreement with the consensus grade groups.
THE MODIFICATION OF FEMALE LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOR IN THE PRESENCE OF MALES

ReSearch about thE behavior of males and females in mixed-sex groups showsthat females are less active than males, female's are leis influential. than males and females are less task oriented. than males. Few studies compare the behavior of males in all -male groups with those of females in all-female groups when both are engaged in identical , tasks. 0 In thisitudy, male and female high school students weie Rcreened for age, race, verbal, ability and cognitive stylei All subjects engaged in a.group dhcision making task in both mixedand single-sex 4-Person groups of strangers. The results showed no differences between the task oriented activity -of males and females in single-sex groups. In-mixed-sex graupewhoseH, members'were unfamiliar with the task, females were less actilYeand less influential than males. Imixed-sex groups whose members had experienced the task previously in a single-sex group, there was activity and influence on, the part of the females. The implie/ations of the study for educational itterventions are outlined.
Effects of Concentration and Heating/Cooling Rate on Rheological Behavior of Sesamum indicum Seed Hydrocolloid

Hydrocolloids are known as natural hydrophilic biopolymers that can contribute viscosity and gelation in solution, as well as nutritional benefits, thus, they are widely used in the food industry. In our work, hydrocolloid was isolated by aqueous extraction of Sesamum indicum seed at 80 °C and pH 8.0. The chemical composition and functional properties of Sesamum indicum seed hydrocolloid (SISH) were characterized, and the effects of concentration including 1%, 2%, and 3% as well as heating/cooling rate (1, 5, and 10 °C/min) on the rheological behavior of SISH dispersions in aqueous solution were investigated. The viscoelastic properties of SISH dispersions were characterized by small-amplitude oscillatory shear measurement. The resultant SISH consisted of 60.95% carbohydrate and 23.32% protein, and was thus endowed with a relatively high water-holding capacity, solubility, appropriate emulsifying and foaming properties. Rheological results revealed that the aqueous dispersion of SISH exhibited a non-Newtonian shear-thinning flow behavior. The viscoelastic moduli changes were found to be dependent on SISH concentration, temperature, and heating/cooling rate. Increasing SISH concentrations from 1% to 3% promoted the development of stronger cross-link network. The mechanical spectra derived from strain and frequency sweep measurements showed that the storage moduli were always higher than the loss moduli, and the loss tangent was calculated to be above 0.1 and below 1.0. Furthermore, both moduli had slight frequency dependency, and the complex viscosity exhibited an almost linear reduction with the increase of frequency. Therefore, SISH dispersion behaved as a weak gel-like system. The hysteresis of viscoelastic moduli during heating and cooling reduced with decreasing the heating-cooling rates from 10 to 1 °C/min, suggesting that SISH molecules had enough time to develop a stable and thermally irreversible network. Overall, SISH can be regarded as an acceptable hydrocolloid for generating natural food components with intriguing functional and rheological qualities in the formulation of microstructured goods.
New Methods to Predict Nonlinear Pitch Damping Moments

Two new methods have been developed to approximate pitch damping as a function of both angle of attack and Mach number. The newmethods can be used over theMach number (0–20) and angle-of-attack range (0–90 deg) of the Aeroprediction Code. The first method is based on the static nonlinear loads on the body and lifting surfaces that are available in the AeropredictionCode. The secondmethod is based on the improved linear value of pitch damping that was recently developed for the Aeroprediction Code. Recent improvements to the linear value include accuracy improvements for configurationswith long boattails and double counting of the body length beneath a lifting surface. Amethodwas derived to relate the zero angle-of-attack value of the pitch damping to a nonlinear value at an angle of attack. Comparison of the two newmethods to experimental data shows that both methods give results which follow the trends of experimental data, but neither method is superior for all cases at all angles of attack. As a result, results for both methods will be computed and available to the user of the Aeroprediction Code. The new methods will be a part of the 2009 version of the Aeroprediction Code, the AP09.
MULTI-INDEX LE ROY FUNCTIONS OF MITTAG-LEFFLER-PRABHAKAR TYPE

: The so-called Special Functions of Fractional Calculus (SF of FC) became important tools of FC, as solutions of fractional order diﬀerential and integral equations and systems that model various phenomena from natural and applied sciences, and social events. Among them, recently we have introduced and studied the multi-index analogues of the Mittag-Leﬄer function that include a very long list of SF of FC. As a next step, here we introduce multi-index analogues of the Mittag-Leﬄer-Prabhakar type Le Roy functions (abbr. as multi-MLPR) with 4 m - indices. We emphasize on the relations between the multi-index Mittag-Leﬄer functions, Prabhakar function, Le Roy type functions and multi-index Mittag-Leﬂer functions of Le Roy type, and also with the hyper-Bessel functions and other SF, appearing as eigenfunctions of fractional analogues of the hyper-Bessel operators of Dimovski.
A Systematic Review of Factors Associated with Under-Five Child Mortality

Background Preventing the life of the newborn and reducing the entrenched disparity of childhood mortality across different levels is one of the crucial public health problems, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries in the world. Sustainable development goals (SDGs)-3.2 is aimed at terminating all preventable under-five child mortality and shrinking it to 25 per 1000 live births or lower than this by 2030. Several factors have been shown to be linked with childhood mortality. Objective This review is aimed at pointing out the significant determinants related to under-five child mortality by a systematic review of the literature. Methods EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus database, and Google Scholar search engine were used for the systematic search of the literature. Special keywords and Boolean operators were used to point out the relevant studies for the review. Original research articles and peer-reviewed papers published in the English language till August 10, 2022, were included in the analysis and synthesis of the results. As per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, out of 299 studies identified from different sources, only 22 articles were ascertained for this study. Eligible articles were appraised in detail, and relevant information was extracted and then integrated into the systematic review. Results Mother's education, size of child at birth, age of mother at childbirth, place of residence, birth interval, sex of child, type of birth (single or multiple), and birth order, along with other socioeconomic, maternal, child, health facility utilization, and community level variables, were observed as important covariates of under-five mortality. Conclusion Women's education and easy access to quality healthcare facilities should be the apex priority to lessen childhood mortality.
Supply and demand of ecosystem services among smallholder farmers in irrigated and rainfed farming, Kilombero, Tanzania

ABSTRACT A sufficient supply of ecosystem services (ESs) in agriculture provides the basis for human sustainable development. Intensified large-scale farming has changed wetland ecosystems extensively by reducing both the resilience and capacity to support production of many ESs. Small-scale farming may also affect the generation of ESs where the impact often reflects the differences in farming practices. This paper explores the supply and demand of the ESs between management practices, irrigated and rainfed, of smallholder farmers in Kilombero wetland, Tanzania. We conducted interviews involving 30 households and two focus groups with five discussants for each practice, rainfed and irrigation. Generally, we found that the need for ES, especially food, water and flood control, in both farming practices, were exceeding the capacity to supply. In general, irrigation farming compared to rainfed farming was associated with higher levels of food production, increasing flood regulation and erosion control. However, the ES delivery and need were not uniform depending on the river discharge. The differences in supply and demand of ESs between farming practices suggest that society would benefit from investing in irrigation and regulatory infrastructures to minimize flooding risk and to build up the ecosystem’s natural capacity to produce services. Such practical policy-relevant measures could balance the gap between supply and demand of ESs in smallholder farming systems in Tanzanian wetland.
Strategic Bank Liability Structure Under Capital Requirements

Banks strategically choose and dynamically restructure deposits and nondeposit debt in response to the minimum requirements on total capital and tangible equity. We derive the optimal strategic liability structure and show that it minimizes the protection for deposits conditional on capital requirements. Although, given any liability structure, regulators can set capital requirements high enough to remove the incentive for risk substitution, the strategic response to the capital requirements always preserves this incentive. Banks reduce leverage but increase the proportion of nondeposit debt if regulations raise the capital requirements. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance.
Habitable Planet Formation in Binary Star Systems

Abstract Assuming current models of terrestrial planet formation in the Solar System, we numerically investigate the conditions under which the secondary star in a binary system will inhibit planet growth in the circumstellar habitable zone. Runaway accretion is assumed to be precluded if the secondary (1) causes the planetesimal orbits to cross within the runaway accretion time scale and (2) if, during crossing, the relative velocities of the planetesimals have been accelerated beyond a certain critical value which results in disruption collisions rather than accretion. For a two solar mass binary with planetesimals in circular orbits about one star at 1 AU, and a typical wide binary eccentricity of 0.5, the minimum binary semimajor axis which would not inhibit planet formation,ac, is 32 AU. If the planetesimals orbit the center of mass of the binary system,ac= 0.10 AU, which is inside the tidal circularization radius. We obtain an empirical formula giving the dependencies ofacon the binary eccentricity, secondary mass, planetesimal location, and critical disruption velocity. Based on the distributions of orbital elements of a bias-corrected sample of nearby G-dwarfs, we find that ≈ 60% of solar-type binaries cannot be excluded from having a habitable planet solely on the basis of the perturbative effect of the secondary star. This conclusion is independent of when the secondary star formed, nebula dissipative mechanisms, and the time scale for runaway planetesimal accretion, and is relatively insensitive to the mass of the secondary star, the critical disruption velocity, and the location of planetesimals within the circumstellar habitable zone. An earlier study of planet formation in binary star systems came to a different conclusion, namely that planet formation, even at Mercury's distance, is unlikely except in widely separated systems (≥50 AU), or when the secondary has a very low mass and near circular orbit as in the Sun–Jupiter system. The discrepancy with the present numerical study is due in part to the different runaway accretion time scales assumed and the neglect in the earlier study of an exact criterion for crossing orbits.