Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlations between Erosions and Relative Uplifts from the Central Inversion Zone of the Xihu Depression, East China Sea Basin

Late Pliocene - early Pleistocene erosions and relative uplifts in the central inversion zone of the Xihu Depression, East China Sea Basin, are independently determined from reflection seismic data and sonic well-logging data, respectively. Relative uplifts estimated from linear least-square models of 26 sonic wells range from 0.0 to 501.3 m, while absolute erosions estimated on their respective well localities are generally larger, in the range of ~50.0 to 1147.5 m measured directly from seismic data, and ~70.0 to 1700.4 m after decompaction. Although discrepancies exist for several of the wells, a strong positive correlation can be found between erosions and relative uplifts. This good correlation verifies on the one hand that sonic well-logging data can give reasonably good estimates of relative uplifts, and on the other hand that erosions incurred during the basin inversion are strongly tectonically driven. Erosions and relative uplifts appear to be more exponentially than linearly interrelated.
Age of Growth Faulting in Southeast Louisiana

ABSTRACT The times and amounts of expansion of the downthrown sections of growth faults in southeast Louisiana were studied. This provided a means of analysing the time and rate of growth fault movement. The rate of growth fault movement increases from the time of inception of faulting until a maximum rate is reached and then decreases to the time of cessation of fault movement. Superimposed on this cycle are numerous minor irregularities in the rate of movement which are a possible means of fault identification in complexly faulted areas. The age of maximum growth fault movement was determined throughout southeast Louisiana and discrete areas were defined on the basis of similar times of maximum fault activity. Within each area thus defined, the age of maximum growth of the domal uplifts was generally the same as that of the faulting. The geographic location and time of structural activity of these areas clearly show the basinward migration of growth fault movement in time. The general east-west trend of these areas of synchronous structural activity is interrupted in the northern portions of Jefferson and Plaquemines Parishes. This region acted as a buttress around which these structural trends were deflected. The superposition of several ages of faulting in southern Terrebonne Parish resulted in an anomalously large amount of subsidence and deposition in this area and formed the Terrebonne Trough. Because of the intimate relationship between structure and stratigraphy in the Miocene of south Louisiana, a knowledge of the time of structural activity is necessary to the understanding of the regional distribution of lithofacies.
Epidemiology of ocular emergencies in the Egyptian population: a five-year retrospective study

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of ocular lesions seen in the ophthalmic casualty room of the largest referral hospital in Egypt over 5 years from 2004 to 2008. Methods: This epidemiologic database study used the medical records at Cairo University Hospital. Data were recorded using the ICD10 classification. Statistical analysis was based on diagnosis, age, gender, residential area, and year of admission. Results: Over 5 years, 8361 ocular emergencies were admitted as inpatients. Open globe injuries were the most prevalent, comprising 33.46% of emergencies. Most cases were males (69%), in whom the most frequent lesions were open globe injuries, infective keratitis, and lid injuries. The most common ocular emergencies in females were open globe injuries, infective keratitis, endophthalmitis, and glaucoma. The age group 6–16 years accounted for 24% of emergencies, and patients over 45 years accounted for 26.8%. Under the age of 45 years, the most common lesions were open globe injuries (36%), and over this age, the most common lesions were infective keratitis (34.4%). Patients from Upper Egypt accounted for 56.2% of emergencies. A superficial corneal foreign body was the most common reason for attending the ophthalmic casualty room, with 24,844 cases seen over the 5 years of the study, all of which were managed as outpatient procedures. Deep corneal foreign bodies were more common than intraocular foreign bodies. The most common ocular hemorrhage was hyphema. The most common type of glaucoma was acute angle closure. Conclusion: Superficial corneal foreign bodies, open globe injuries, and infective keratitis are the main ocular emergencies seen in the Egyptian population. Corneal foreign bodies are mostly the result of occupational accidents in workers not wearing protective goggles. Violent altercations (41.9%), occupational accidents (26.3%), and motor vehicle accidents (24.4%) were the main circumstances involved in open globe injuries. The most common admissions were for open globe injuries under the age of 45 years and infective keratitis above this age. Upper Egypt was the main referring geographic area.
Dilation of the olfactory bulb cavity concurrent with hydrocephalus in four small breed dogs

Four small breed dogs were admitted with seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed dilation of the olfactory bulb cavity as well as enlargement of the lateral ventricles. These findings demonstrate that dilation of the olfactory bulb cavity can occur concurrent with hydrocephalus. This is the first description of the clinical and MRI features of dilation of the olfactory bulb cavity concurrent with hydrocephalus in dogs.
Differential Effects of HOXB4 on Nonhuman Primate Short- and Long-Term Repopulating Cells

Background Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or repopulating cells are able to self-renew and differentiate into cells of all hematopoietic lineages, and they can be enriched using the CD34 cell surface marker. Because of this unique property, HSCs have been used for HSC transplantation and gene therapy applications. However, the inability to expand HSCs has been a significant limitation for clinical applications. Here we examine, in a clinically relevant nonhuman primate model, the ability of HOXB4 to expand HSCs to potentially overcome this limitation. Methods and Findings Using a competitive repopulation assay, we directly compared in six animals engraftment of HOXB4GFP (HOXB4 green fluorescent protein) and control (yellow fluorescent protein [YFP])–transduced and expanded CD34 + cells. In three animals, cells were infused after a 3-d transduction culture, while in three other animals cells were infused after an additional 6–9 d of ex vivo expansion. We demonstrate that HOXB4 overexpression resulted in superior engraftment in all animals. The most dramatic effect of HOXB4 was observed early after transplantation, resulting in an up to 56-fold higher engraftment compared to the control cells. At 6 mo after transplantation, the proportion of marker gene–expressing cells in peripheral blood was still up to 5-fold higher for HOXB4GFP compared to YFP-transduced cells. Conclusions These data demonstrate that HOXB4 overexpression in CD34 + cells has a dramatic effect on expansion and engraftment of short-term repopulating cells and a significant, but less pronounced, effect on long-term repopulating cells. These data should have important implications for the expansion and transplantation of HSCs, in particular for cord blood transplantations where often only suboptimal numbers of HSCs are available.
Predictability study on the aftershock sequence following the 2011 Tohoku-Oki, Japan, earthquake: first results

SUMMARY Although no deterministic and reliable earthquake precursor is known to date, we are steadily gaining insight into probabilistic forecasting that draws on space–time characteristics of earthquake clustering. Clustering-based models aiming to forecast earthquakes within the next 24 hours are under test in the global project ‘Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability’ (CSEP). The 2011 March 11 magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in Japan provides a unique opportunity to test the existing 1-day CSEP models against its unprecedentedly active aftershock sequence. The original CSEP experiment performs tests after the catalogue is finalized to avoid bias due to poor data quality. However, this study differs from this tradition and uses the preliminary catalogue revised and updated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), which is often incomplete but is immediately available. This study is intended as a first step towards operability-oriented earthquake forecasting in Japan. Encouragingly, at least one model passed the test in most combinations of the target day and the testing method, although the models could not take account of the megaquake in advance and the catalogue used for forecast generation was incomplete. However, it can also be seen that all models have only limited forecasting power for the period immediately after the quake. Our conclusion does not change when the preliminary JMA catalogue is replaced by the finalized one, implying that the models perform stably over the catalogue replacement and are applicable to operational earthquake forecasting. However, we emphasize the need of further research on model improvement to assure the reliability of forecasts for the days immediately after the main quake. Seismicity is expected to remain high in all parts of Japan over the coming years. Our results present a way to answer the urgent need to promote research on time-dependent earthquake predictability to prepare for subsequent large earthquakes in the near future in Japan.
New isotopic age data on rocks from the Long Mynd, Shropshire

New Rb–Sr isotope data on fine-grained sediments from the Long Mynd, west of the Church Stretton Fault in Shropshire, indicate a much younger age for these rocks than has been assumed in recent literature. Well-defined isochrons, one of which corresponds to an age of 529 ± 6 m.y. with an initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7061 ± 0.0001, put the depositional age of the Stretton Series (the stratigraphically lowest part of the sequence) at a maximum of 600 m.y.
The relationship between Taekwondo training habits and injury: a survey of a collegiate Taekwondo population

Objective: To correlate training habits of Taekwondo (TKD) athletes to risk for injury. Background: in the United States. Because of the combative nature of the sport, injuries are an inherent risk. However, data on proper training habits, types of injuries sustained during training, and recommendations for athletes to avoid injury are lacking. Frequently, studies of TKD evaluate athletes’ injuries during tournaments, but most do not evaluate athletes in training. Hypothesis: Increased training would potentially create more injuries secondary to increased exposure. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational survey of 72 collegiate TKD athletes from the Pacific West Sanctioned Taekwondo Tournaments in the 2008–2009 season. Variables analyzed during training and competitions were training sessions per week, workout habits, belt level, years of experience, and characteristics of injury (location, type, mechanism, situation, treatment, and days missed). Results: TKD training habits of individuals who practiced four or more times per week (odds ratio [OR], 4.5; P = 0.005) or sparred for more than 2 hours (OR, 8.7; P = 0.003) were associated with significantly increased odds (risk) of sustaining an injury. Those who had more than 3 years of tournament experience were more likely to sustain an injury (OR, 0.198; P = 0.020). Conclusion: Increased risk for injury with more frequent practice and longer sparring should remind coaches and trainers that monitoring and adjusting the athletes’ training schedules and exposure time could decrease the chance of injury. An athlete that has spent more years in tournaments along with high-frequency and long-duration training was associated with greater risk for injuries. Prevention and education about the risk for exposure to injury may may help athletes and trainers promote prevention strategies and adjust an athletes’ training and tournament schedules to decrease the risk for injury.
Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of a new genus and family

Downey, Maureen E. Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with Description of a New Genus and Family. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 435, 57 pages, 24 figures, 1986. —The Brisingida, a mainly deep-sea order of Asteroidea, is represented in the Atlantic by 23 species belonging to 9 genera and 2 families. The following changes in classification are suggested: Freyellidae, new family, with Atlantic genera Colpaster, Freyastera, and Freyella, and non-Atlantic genera Belgicella and Freyellaster. Freyastera, new genus, with the species benthophila, mexicana, sexradiata, and tuberculata, all formerly assigned to the genus Freyella Perrier, 1885c. Craterobrisinga Fisher, 1916b, synonymized with Brisinga Asbj^rnsen, 1856. Freyella edwardsi (Perrier, 1882) transferred to the genus Colpaster Sladen, 1889. Astrocles Fisher, 1917 (non-Atlantic), synonymized with Freyella. Freyella spinosa, bracteata, aspera, abyssicola, and laubieri synonymized with Freyella elegans (Verrill, 1884). Freyella trispinosa H.L. Clark, 1941, synonymized with Freyella microspina Verrill, 1894. Brisinga americana Verrill, 1880, transferred to the genus Novodinia Dartnail, Pawson, Pope, and Smith, 1969. Novodinia elegans (Perrier, 1885a), an invalid homonym of Brisinga elegans (Perrier, 1885c), is renamed Novodinia homonyma, new name. Novodinia robusta (Perrier, 1885a), synonymized with Novodinia semicoronata (Perrier, 1885a). OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Downey, Maureen E. Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of a new genus and family (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 435) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Brisingida—Atlantic Ocean—Classification. 2. Echinodermata—Classification. 3. Echinodermata—Atlantic Ocean—Classification. I. Title. II. Series QL1.S54 no. 435 [QL384.A8] 591s [593.9'3] 86-6579
Characterization of tumor cell lines derived from murine gammaherpesvirus-68-infected mice

Cell lines were derived from mice with murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV-68)-associated lymphoproliferative disease. Four were of an ambiguous phenotype and were MHV-68 negative. One, S11, was a B lymphocyte that contained MHV-68 genomes in both linear and episomal forms and released virus. The line was clonable and grew into tumors in nude mice. This is the first naturally occurring MHV-68-positive B-cell line to be generated, and it will be an invaluable tool for the study of MHV-68 latency.
Estimation of dry matter content in leaves using normalized indexes and PROSPECT model inversion

This work applies remote sensing techniques to estimate dry matter (DM) content in tree leaves. Two methods were used to estimate DM content: a normalized index obtained from the radiative transfer model (RTM) leaf optical properties spectra (PROSPECT) in direct mode and the inversion of the PROSPECT model. The data were obtained from the Leaf Optical Properties Experiment 93 (LOPEX93) database, and only 11 species were used in this study. The species selection was based mainly on the availability of data on fresh and dry samples. The estimation of DM content was obtained from an exponential function that correlated the values of the index proposed, (R2305 − R1495)/(R2305 + R1495), against the DM content of fresh and dry leaf samples. The determination coefficient obtained (r 2 = 0.672) was higher than the coefficient obtained from the inversion of the PROSPECT model (r 2 = 0.507). The data set used to validate the normalized index was provided by the Accelerated Canopy Chemistry Program (ACCP). The determination coefficient between the values obtained from ACCP data and the values estimated for the normalized index was r 2 = 0.767.
Climate and Indian effects on southern Ontario forests: a reply to Campbell and McAndrews

Clark and Royall (1994) questioned the interpretation, drawn from a simulation model, that climatic cooling was responsible for the demise of typical northern hardwoods taxa and replacement with taxa that require fire or soil disturbance, Pinus and Quercus. Those questions were raised because the model predictions did not well describe the data, the ecology of the taxa is not consistent with the interpretation, the other sites in the region do not show the patterns consistent with climate cooling, and stratigraphic charcoal data support an alternative interpretation. Campbell and McAndrews (1995) challenged our questions, but made no effort to answer them. Rather, they questioned an alternative interpretation that Iroquois maize agriculture contributed to these transitions. The main discus sion here is devoted to the uses of historic evidence, models, and sedimentary data to interpret climate vs. cultural effects. I review the evidence for fire that pertains to this region, and I reanalyze regional data to show that climate change does not provide an explanation for observed changes. I conclude with the observation that the inter pretation that climate alone is responsible for the transitions at Crawford Lake is still in need of explanation.
Geochemical and statistical characterization of the phosphate facies of the Farim‐Saliquinhé phosphate mineralization (Guinea‐Bissau)

The Eocene Farim‐Saliquinhé phosphate mineralization (FSPM) is a buried sedimentary deposit located in the northern part of Guinea‐Bissau, discovered and spatially constrained during the 1980s by the French Geological Survey (BRGM). In the present work some of the data collected at that time are reworked in the framework of the development of a 3D geological and geochemical model of this mineralization. We show the usefulness of two classical multivariate statistical methods – principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) – applied to eight geochemical variables (P2O5, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, F and CO2) measured in 247 samples from phosphate facies, for differentiation of samples taken from the different phosphate facies recognized in the FSPM, namely the main ore FPA (30 to 35% high grade phosphate), the calcareous low grade phosphate FPB (10 to 20% P2O5) (both Lutetian), and a mineralized Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene cover (mainly including the FPO level and a silico‐aluminous phosphate bed), overlying the FPA, which can also be considered a third set of phosphate facies associated with the FSPM.
Water isotope ratio (δ2H and δ18O) measurements in atmospheric moisture using an optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption laser spectrometer

Water vapor isotopes represent an innovative and excellent tool for understanding complex mechanisms in the atmospheric water cycle over different time scales, and they can be used for a variety of applications in the fields of paleoclimatology, hydrology, oceanography, and ecology. We use an ultrasensitive near-infrared spectrometer, originally designed for use on airborne platforms in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, to measure the water deuterium and oxygen-18 isotope ratios in situ, in ground-level tropospheric moisture, with a high temporal resolution (from 300 s down to less than 1 s). We present some examples of continuous monitoring of near-surface atmospheric moisture, demonstrating that our infrared laser spectrometer could be used successfully to record high-concentration atmospheric water vapor mixing ratios in continuous time series, with a data coverage of similar to 90%, interrupted only for daily calibration to two isotope ratio mass spectrometry-calibrated local water standards. The atmospheric data show that the water vapor isotopic composition exhibits a high variability that can be related to weather conditions, especially to changes in relative humidity. Besides, the results suggest that observed spatial and temporal variations of the stable isotope content of atmospheric water vapor are strongly related to water vapor transport in the atmosphere.
Sensitivity of post‐hurricane beach and dune recovery to event frequency

The recovery of Santa Rosa Island in northwest Florida is characterized following Hurricane Katrina (September 2005), which was preceded by Hurricanes Ivan (2004) and Dennis (2005). Beach and dune recovery were quantified to the east and west of Pensacola Beach through a comparison of LiDAR data collected immediately following Hurricane Katrina and in July 2006 after almost a year of recovery. East of Pensacola Beach (the Santa Rosa Unit), the shoreline retreated by an average of 64 m during the 2004–2005 hurricane season and recovered by an average of 19 m. To the west of Pensacola Beach (the Fort Pickens Unit), the shoreline retreated by an average of 30 m, and while no significant shoreface recovery was observed, the presence of vegetation on low‐profile dunes promoted backshore accretion. It is found that beachface recovery in the Santa Rosa Unit and backshore accretion in the Fort Pickens Unit occurred at the widest sections of the island where the pre‐storm profile volume had been relatively large and overwash penetration was at a minimum. The narrow sections of the island (between cuspate headlands) had a smaller profile volume before the storms, leading to greater overwash penetration and in some cases island breaching in both sections, which limited the volume of sediment available for shoreface recovery. The alongshore variation in recovery is not only related to the island width, but also the offshore bathymetry, height of the pre‐storm dunes and the overwash penetration. If sufficient time is allowed for the return of vegetation and the recovery of the dunes, the variations in storm impact observed during Hurricane Ivan will be reinforced during subsequent storms. In this respect, the level of impact during subsequent storms and the ability of the island to recover will depend on the frequency of storm events. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Airborne volcanic plume measurements using a FTIR spectrometer, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

A prototype closed‐path Fourier transform infrared spectrometer system (FTIR), operating from battery power and with a Stirling engine microcooler for detector cooling, was successfully used for airborne measurements of sulfur dioxide at Kilauea volcano. Airborne profiles of the volcanic plume emanating from the erupting Pu′u′O′o vent on the East Rift of Kilauea revealed levels of nearly 3 ppm SO2 in the core of the plume. An emission rate of 2,160 metric tons per day of sulfur dioxide was calculated from the FTIR data, which agrees closely with simultaneous measurements by a correlation spectrometer (COSPEC). The rapid spatial sampling possible from an airborne platform distinguishes the methodology described here from previous FTIR measurements.