Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Graph Neural Network-based Traffic Flow Prediction System with Enhanced Accuracy and Urban Efficiency

This research culminates in a robust Traffic Flow Prediction System poised to redefine the landscape of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Our findings highlight the substantial promise of this system through a meticulously structured methodology spanning data generation, dynamic network construction, multi-modal data integration, and the employment of state-of-the-art Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Notably, the "Current Framework" stands out, demonstrating superior performance over alternative regression models, substantiated by a remarkable 35% reduction in Mean Squared Error (MSE) and a commendable 7% increase in R-squared (R²). Nevertheless, this system is not without its caveats. Ongoing model refinement, adaptability to the ever-evolving traffic landscape, and scalability considerations are essential for future exploration. These achievements usher in a new era for traffic management, with the potential to curtail congestion by up to 20%, bolster safety measures, and usher in an era of enhanced urban transportation efficiency.
Analyzing the determinants of healthcare utilization inequity in the Vietnam economy

Ensuring the fair and equal availability of healthcare services is an important goal that every country strives for, including the Vietnam economy. The Vietnamese government has launched various strategies to reach healthcare utilization equity since 2008. This study aims to comprehensively investigate healthcare utilization equity trends and their determinants in Vietnam, employing the Concentration Index (CI) approach and decomposed analysis of data from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (VHLSS) conducted in both 2008 and 2018. A decline in the CI from 0.0654 (2008) to 0.0400 (2018), indicating a lower level of healthcare utilization inequality, is evidence of the findings' significant improvements in healthcare access equity in Vietnam. Furthermore, the main determinants of inequality in healthcare utilization including gender (male), age, marital status (single or married), residency (urban), race (majority), education (under primary and primary certificates), household size, and insurance, have been empirically found. In order to mitigate healthcare access inequality, the current universal health insurance policy is workable. However, certain limitations within insurance programs, such as restricted coverage and provider networks, need to be addressed to ensure a comprehensive and accessible policy for all.
The Role of Climate Change and Its Sensitivity on Long-Term Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, Vegetation and Drought Changing Trends over East Asia

Droughts have become more severe and frequent due to global warming. In this context, it is widely accepted that for drought assessments, both water supply (rainfall) and demand (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, SPEI) should be considered. Using SPEI, we explored the spatial-temporal patterns of dry and wet annual and seasonal changes in five sub-regions of East Asia during 1902–2018. These factors are linked to excess drought frequency and severity on the regional scale, and their effect on vegetation remains an important topic for climate change studies. Our results show that the SPEI significantly improved extreme drought and mostly affected the SPEI-06 and SPEI-12 growing seasons in East Asia during 1981–2018. The dry and wet annual SPEI trends mostly affect the five sub-regions of East Asia. The annual SPEI had two extremely dry spells during 1936–1947 and 1978–2018. Japan, South Korea, and North Korea are wet in the summer compared to other regions of East Asia, with drought frequency occurring at 51.4%, respectively. The mean drought frequencies in China and Mongolia are 57.4% and 54.6%. China and Mongolia are the driest regions in East Asia due to high drought frequency and duration. The spatial seasonal analysis of solar radiation (SR), water vapor pressure (WVP), wind speed (WS), vegetation condition index (VCI), temperature condition index (TCI), and vegetation health index (VHI) have confirmed that the East Asia region suffered from maximum drought events. The seasonal variation of SPEI shows no clear drying trends during summer and autumn seasons. During the winter and spring seasons, there was a dry trend in East Asia region. During 1902–1990, a seasonal SPEI presented diverse characteristics, with clear wet trends in Japan, Mongolia, and North Korea in four different growing seasons, with dry trends in China and South Korea. During 1991–2018, seasonal SPEI presented clear dry trends in Japan, Mongolia, and North Korea in different growing seasons, while China and South Korea showed a wet trend during the spring, autumn, and winter seasons. This ecological and climatic mechanism provides a good basis for the assessment of vegetation and drought-change variations within East Asia. An understandings of long-term vegetation trends and the effects of rainfall and SPEI on droughts of varying severity is essential for water resource management and climate change adaptation. Based on the results, water resources will increase under global warming, which may alleviate the water scarcity issue in the East Asia region.
Evaluation of Four Kernel-Driven Models in the Thermal Infrared Band

Many physical models have been proposed to simulate the directional anisotropy in the thermal infrared (TIR) region over vegetation canopies to produce angular corrected directional brightness temperature or land surface temperature. However, too many input parameters obstruct their operational use. Semiempirical kernel-driven models are designed to be a tradeoff between physical accuracy and operationality. Recently, four kernel-driven models have been proposed: the first two are direct extensions of kernel models in the visible- and near-infrared region and the last two were directly designed for the TIR region. In this paper, 153 continuous and 153 discrete canopies with varying structures and temperature distributions were considered in order to evaluate their accuracies against two physical models (4SAIL and DART). Their error distribution, scatterplots, and directional anisotropy patterns are compared. LSF-Li model, followed by Ross-Li, Vinnikov, and RL model, gave the best fitting results for all the scenes. The $R^{2}$ of all four kernel models can reach up to 0.82 for discrete scenes; however, the kernel-driven models underestimate the hotspot effect from continuous scenes; therefore, further improvements are necessary for operational use with future TIR satellite missions.
Macroeconomic determinants of income inequality among different income group countries: Evidence from panel data

This paper investigates the macroeconomic determinants of income inequality among different income-group countries across the world by using panel data over the period from 1996 to 2019. In our research, we employ various econometric techniques to determine the model that best aligns with our purpose. Additionally, we assess the presence of autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity. Finally, we have employed FGLS and PCSE methods to estimate the impact of selected variables on income inequality and to counter the issues of autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity. Our results indicate that in low-income countries, population growth, gender equality, and globalization have a negative impact on income inequality, while HDI, civil liberty, and governance have a positive impact on income inequality. In lower-middle-income countries, economic growth, urbanization, HDI, and gender equality are inversely related to income inequality, while population growth, globalization, and governance are positively associated with income inequality. In upper-middle-income countries, urbanization, HDI, and unemployment are negatively associated with income inequality, whereas economic growth, population growth, civil liberty, and governance are positively related to it. In high-income countries, urbanization, HDI, inflation, civil liberty, globalization, and governance have a negative effect on income inequality, while economic growth, population growth, gender equality, and natural resources have a positive impact on it. The findings of the study suggest viable policy recommendations to reduce income inequality in different income-group countries.
The Effect of Alternating Application of Cold and Hot Compresses on Reduction of Breast Engorgement Among Lactating Mothers

Background: Breast engorgement is a common issue that affects breastfeeding initiation and continuation. Engorgement can cause exhaustion, making it difficult to care for and feed the infant, and it can cause a mother to wean her baby before she intends to initiate breastfeeding. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the alternating application of cold and hot compresses in reducing breast engorgement among lactating mothers. Design, sample size and setting: A quasi-experimental study design is used to conduct this study. A purposeful sample of 100 lactating mothers was screened in the postnatal ward for the presence of breast engorgement. The 100 mothers with engorgement were divided into two equal groups of 50 mothers each - the first group (the intervention) and the second group (the control) - at the postnatal ward of King Abdulaziz Hospital-National Guard in Alahsa City. Sampling and tools: The data collection was conducted over five months, from January 2023 until May 2023. Data collection was done through a structured interview questionnaire sheet. The questionnaire was divided into six parts: socio-demographic data, obstetric and initial women assessment, the six-point engorgement scale (SPES), the visual analog scale (VAS), the LATCH breastfeeding charting scale, and the Infant Breastfeeding Assessment Tool (IBFAT). Result: The present study found no statistically significant difference between the study intervention and control groups in breast engorgement, LATCH level, or overall level of breastfeeding assessment before the intervention. While, in terms of breast engorgement, pain level, attachment, and LATCH, the overall levels of infant breastfeeding assessment across study time had a statistically significant variance among the study and control groups after the intervention at p values=<0.001. Conclusion and recommendations: The alternating application of cold and hot compresses can have a significant role in reducing breast engorgement among lactating mothers. Women should be encouraged to use hot compresses and cold gel packs as an alternative treatment to reduce engorgement and promote comfort. In addition, the study results can be utilized to aid Saudi Arabian nurses and midwives in understanding the advantages of applying a cold gel pack and a hot compress and to decrease levels of engorgement, improve latch, and relieve discomfort.
Vertical variation in leaf functional traits of Parashorea chinensis with different canopy layers

Introduction Canopy species need to shift their ecological adaptation to improve light and water resources utilization, and the study of intraspecific variations in plant leaf functional traits based at individual scale is of great significance for evaluating plant adaptability to climate change. Methods In this study, we evaluate how leaf functional traits of giant trees relate to spatial niche specialization along a vertical gradient. We sampled the tropical flagship species of Parashorea chinensis around 60 meters tall and divided their crowns into three vertical layers. Fourteen key leaf functional traits including leaf morphology, photosynthetic, hydraulic and chemical physiology were measured at each canopy layer to investigate the intraspecific variation of leaf traits and the interrelationships between different functional traits. Additionally, due to the potential impact of different measurement methods (in-situ and ex-situ branch) on photosynthetic physiological parameters, we also compared the effects of these two gas exchange measurements. Results and discussion In-situ measurements revealed that most leaf functional traits of individual-to-individual P. chinensis varied significantly at different canopy heights. Leaf hydraulic traits such as midday leaf water potential (MWP) and leaf osmotic potential (OP) were insignificantly correlated with leaf photosynthetic physiological traits such as maximal net assimilation rate per mass (A mass). In addition, great discrepancies were found between in-situ and ex-situ measurements of photosynthetic parameters. The ex-situ measurements caused a decrease by 53.63%, 27.86%, and 38.05% in A mass, and a decrease of 50.00%, 19.21%, and 27.90% in light saturation point compared to the in-situ measurements. These findings provided insights into our understanding of the response mechanisms of P. chinensis to micro-habitat in Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforests and the fine scale adaption of different resultant of decoupled traits, which have implications for understanding ecological adaption strategies of P. chinensis under environmental changes.
Advances in dengue virus vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies

The prevalence of dengue fever (DF) in many countries has become a global burden. The pathogen, dengue virus (DENV) contains four serotypes, and oftentimes the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) due to the insufficient and imbalanced host immunity leads to severe dengue symptoms in heterologous secondary infections, posing a major difficulty ahead of modern medicine. Two technical routes, vaccine and monoclonal antibody (mAb) have been widely explored and testified at various levels. Tetravalent vaccines, especially chimeric live-attenuated viruses (LAV), have been proven to induce a relatively well-rounded immune response, while other categories including virus-like particle (VLP) are also of high potential. Therapeutic mAbs also have been shown to target epitopes that can be cross-neutralizing, covering not only individual structural and non-structural proteins but also quaternary conformation of virion surface. Undoubtedly limitations of previous research have directed the refinement of vector design, efficacy assessment, and other processes, although several challenges still exist today.
Differentiated Learning Strategies for Children's Religious-Moral Values in the Kurikulum Merdeka

The Merdeka Curriculum emphasizes the freedom of students to determine the course of learning according to their interests, needs and potential. However, it should be recognized that each student has a different level of understanding and ability in learning Islam. This study aims to analyze how the application of differentiation learning strategies for children's religious-moral values in the independent curriculum. The research method used is experimental research. The results showed that the results of the T-Test paired sample correlation test using the SPSS application can be concluded that the average post-test score of experimental class students is 30% with a significance value of 0.062, and sig (2 tailed) whose value is smaller than 0.05 which shows that there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores. Differentiated learning enhances early childhood religious values by following this learning model showing significant increases in concept understanding, active participation in learning, and high learning motivation. The differentiated learning model is an effective approach, providing a more relevant and engaging learning experience by accommodating each individual's differences.
Steepening of waves at the duskside magnetopause

Surface waves at the magnetopause flanks typically feature steeper, i.e., more inclined leading (antisunward facing) than trailing (sunward facing) edges. This is expected for Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (KHI) amplified waves. Very rarely, during northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions, anomalous/inverse steepening has been observed. The small‐scale tetrahedral configuration of the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft and their high time resolution measurements enable us to routinely ascertain magnetopause boundary inclinations during surface wave passage with high accuracy by four‐spacecraft timing analysis. At the dusk flank magnetopause, 77%/23% of the analyzed wave intervals exhibit regular/inverse steepening. Inverse steepening happens during northward IMF conditions, as previously reported and, in addition, during intervals of dominant equatorial IMF. Inverse steepening observed under the latter conditions may be due to the absence of KHI or due to instabilities arising from the alignment of flow and magnetic fields in the magnetosheath.
Typology of dairy production systems that meet Brazilian standards for milk quality

ABSTRACT We aimed to compare the typology of dairy production systems (DPS) that meet Brazilian quality standards with that of non-compliant DPS. Semi-structured questionnaires were applied in 128 DPS located in Santa Izabel do Oeste, Parana, Brazil (25°49’16” S and 53°29’04” W). In addition, milk quality reports of each DPS were analyzed. Dairy production systems were segregated into two groups: G1 – DPS that were in accordance with Brazilian regulations on milk quality, and G2 – DPS that did not [. ]
A Problem Analysis of Smart Home Automation: Toward Secure and Usable Communication-Based Authorization

The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have led to the rising popularity of Smart Home Automation (SHAuto). SHAuto uses a variety of interconnected smart devices to provide life-enhancing services such as smart energy control, smart entertainment, smart healthcare, and so on. If these devices are compromised, sensitive data may be disclosed and the compromised devices or other connected devices may be maliciously controlled, threatening the privacy and safety of home occupants. Therefore, controlling access to devices in SHAuto is of paramount importance. However, due to the characteristics of the SHAuto environment, this has become a challenging issue. As a first step towards addressing this challenging issue, this paper provides a comprehensive problem analysis of SHAuto. The problem analysis consists of two parts. The first part is an in-depth analysis of various SHAuto use case scenarios covering three aspects, i.e., device control modes, automation modes, and device communications. This analysis has led to the formulation of a generic model for SHAuto. Based on this model, the second part analyses potential vulnerabilities and threats in relation to authorisation. The comprehensive problem analysis has led to a hypothesis that access to the devices can be controlled by governing device communications and the specification of a set of requirements for the design of secure and usable communication-based access control solutions for SHAuto environments.
THE ROLE OF PERCEIVED VALUE IN MEDIATING THE INFLUENCE OF SERVICE QUALITY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION

Tourism is one of the critical sectors that drives the Indonesian economy. This research is intended to determine the role of perceived Value in mediating the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction (study at the Bedugul Recreation Warung in Tabanan district). The number of samples taken was 117 people using non-probability sampling methods, especially purposive sampling, namely samples determined using specific criteria. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires at the Bedugul Recreation Stall. The data analysis techniques used are path analysis and the Sobel test. This analysis shows that service quality positively and significantly affects perceived Value. Service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. Perceived Value mediates the influence of service quality on customer satisfaction. This research implies that it can be used as material for consideration and input for management at Bedugul Recreation Warung in Tabanan Regency in marketing their products by considering service quality and perceived Value on customer satisfaction.
Optimization of 4,6-α and 4,3-α-Glucanotransferase Production in Lactococcus lactis and Determination of Their Effects on Some Quality Characteristics of Bakery Products

In this study, the production of 4,6-α (4,6-α-GTase) and 4,3-α-glucanotransferase (4,3-α-GTase), expressed previously in Lactococcus lactis, was optimized and these enzymes were used to investigate glycemic index reduction and staling delay in bakery products. HP–SEC analysis showed that the relevant enzymes were able to produce oligosaccharides from potato starch or malto-oligosaccharides. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize enzyme synthesis and the highest enzyme activities of 15.63 ± 1.65 and 19.01 ± 1.75 U/mL were obtained at 1% glucose, pH 6, and 30 °C for 4,6-α-GTase and 4,3-α-GTase enzymes, respectively. SEM analysis showed that both enzymes reduced the size of the starch granules. These enzymes were purified by ultrafiltration and used to produce bread and bun at an enzyme activity of 4 U/g, resulting in a decrease in the specific volume of the bread. It was found that the estimated glycemic index (eGI) of bread formulated with 4,6-α-GTase decreased by 18.01%, and the eGI of bread prepared with 4,3-α-GTase decreased by 13.61%, indicating a potential delay in staling. No significant differences were observed in the sensory properties of the bakery products. This is the first study showing that 4,6-α-GTase and 4,3-α-GTase enzymes have potential in increasing health benefits and improving technological aspects regarding bakery products.
The Effect of Board Characteristics on Firm Performance: Evidence from Egypt

The study aims to investigate the impact of board Characteristics on firm’s performance for Egyptian listed firms. The study used data from companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange, specifically the EGX 100. The researcher used a sample of 59 companies, representing 12 major sectors over a continuous five-year period from 2017 to 2021. The study used a pooled panel linear regression model to test the research hypotheses. The results of the study revealed that both board Size and CEO Duality have a significant impact on Egyptian firm’s performance.
Uncovering Evolutionary Adaptations in Common Warthogs through Genomic Analyses

In the Suidae family, warthogs show significant survival adaptability and trait specificity. This study offers a comparative genomic analysis between the warthog and other Suidae species, including the Luchuan pig, Duroc pig, and Red River hog. By integrating the four genomes with sequences from the other four species, we identified 8868 single-copy orthologous genes. Based on 8868 orthologous protein sequences, phylogenetic assessments highlighted divergence timelines and unique evolutionary branches within suid species. Warthogs exist on different evolutionary branches compared to DRCs and LCs, with a divergence time preceding that of DRC and LC. Contraction and expansion analyses of warthog gene families have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of their evolutionary adaptations. Using GO, KEGG, and MGI databases, warthogs showed a preference for expansion in sensory genes and contraction in metabolic genes, underscoring phenotypic diversity and adaptive evolution direction. Associating genes with the QTLdb-pigSS11 database revealed links between gene families and immunity traits. The overlap of olfactory genes in immune-related QTL regions highlighted their importance in evolutionary adaptations. This work highlights the unique evolutionary strategies and adaptive mechanisms of warthogs, guiding future research into the distinct adaptability and disease resistance in pigs, particularly focusing on traits such as resistance to African Swine Fever Virus.