Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do preterm infants with Bronchopulmonary dysplasia have a unique postnatal weight gain pattern?

Abstract Objectives To investigate the weight gain pattern of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) during the hospital stay using weekly weight assessment methods. Methods This single-center, retrospective, cohort study was carried out in Zekai Tahir Burak Maternal Health Education and Research Hospital between 2014 and 2018. One hundred fifty-one preterm infants <32 weeks of gestation and <1500 g of birth weight with BPD were compared to 251 babies without BPD in terms of weekly weight gain, standard deviation score (SDS), and fall in weight SDS till discharge. Results Mean body weight was significantly lower in babies with BPD in all weeks except postnatal week (PW) 8. The groups had similar daily weight gain between birth and discharge (p = .78). Infants with BPD had lower weight SDS on postnatal day (PD) 14 and 21, and discharge, however similar on PD 28. The fall in SDS between PW 4 and discharge was significantly higher in the BPD group. Infants with BPD had higher fall in weight SDS between birth and discharge (p = .022). Discharge weight SDS was associated with gestational age and weight SDS on PW 4 in the whole cohort. Conclusion Infants with BPD showed a unique and unsteady pattern of growth compromise during the NICU course, most explicitly in early postnatal life and between PD 28-discharge. Future studies should consider not only the early postnatal life but also the period after four weeks of life till discharge to design an optimal nutrition strategy and decent growth for preterm infants with BPD.
A Highway Traffic Model

The trajectory of a car traveling at a constant speed on an idealized infinite highway can be viewed as a straight line in the time-space plane. Entry times are governed by a Poisson process with intensity parameter A leading to all trajectories as random lines in a plane. The Poisson distribution of number of encounters of cars on the highway is developed through random line models and non-homogeneous Poisson fields, and its parameter, which depends on the specific random measure employed, is obtained explicitly.
Horizontal and Vertical Variability of Soil Hydraulic Properties in Roadside Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS)—Nature and Implications for Hydrological Performance Evaluation

Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) have become a promising solution for increasing imperviousness by reducing water runoff volumes and flow rates, and improving water quality. However, the efficiency of these systems is dependent on soil hydraulic and physical properties, which in turn are spatially variable; however, this variability has been sparsely documented for urban areas, especially for road-side SuDS. In this study, the spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties, along with the uncertainty of these properties due to estimation methods, were investigated for three roadside SuDS in France (Paris region). Estimation methods were based on both in-situ infiltration tests and pedotransfer functions (PTFs). Results show high spatial variability in saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks (up to 160% coefficient of variation), which is dominant relative to uncertainties in PTFs predictions and those induced by experimental errors. Many specific factors might be responsible for this variability, especially in the urban context, such as construction techniques, CaCO3 precipitation, and vegetation development. In order to evaluate the effects of this variability on hydrological performance, a hydrological model of a bioretention cell was tested. Simulations revealed that peak flows and volumes are highly affected by the spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties; notably, vertical variability increases the overflow by 50%. The number of infiltration measurements required to evaluate a representative average Ks with an uncertainty of a factor of two or less was found to be four/eight, depending on the studied site. This study provides considerable insight into the spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties and its implications for hydrological performance of roadside SuDS, as it is based on a sound understanding of both theory and practice.
Predicting Teaching Enjoyment from Teachers’ Perceived School Climate, Self-Efficacy, and Psychological Wellbeing at Work: EFL Teachers

We tested an assessment model, by which teacher self-efficacy, perceived school climate, and psychological wellbeing at work, might predict teaching enjoyment. We invited a convenience sample of 355 teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) to respond to four online questionnaires. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to check the scales’ construct validity and structural equation modeling (SEM) to test associations among the variables. Our results showed that teacher self-efficacy, perceived school-climate, and psychological wellbeing were direct predictors of foreign language teaching-enjoyment (FLTE). Teacher self-efficacy affected FLTE indirectly, as induced by psychological well-being. School climate also indirectly influenced FLTE, as mediated by teacher self-efficacy and psychological wellbeing, with school climate a direct predictor of teacher self-efficacy and psychological wellbeing. Teacher self-efficacy directly affected psychological wellbeing. We discuss implications of these findings for teacher-education programs.
Determinants of interspecific variation in season length of perennial herbs

Abstract Background and aims Perennial plants in seasonal climates need to optimize their carbon balance by adjusting their active season length to avoid risks of tissue loss under adverse conditions. As season length is determined by two processes, namely spring growth and senescence, it is likely to vary in response to several potentially contrasting selective forces. Here we aim to disentangle the cascade of ecological determinants of interspecific differences in season length. Methods We measured size trajectories in 231 species in a botanical garden. We examined correlations between their spring and autumn size changes and determined how they make up season length. We used structural equation models (SEMs) to determine how niche parameters and species traits combine in their effect on species-specific season length. Key results Interspecific differences in season length were mainly controlled by senescence, while spring growth was highly synchronized across species. SEMs showed that niche parameters (light and moisture) had stronger, and often trait-independent, effects compared to species traits. Several niche (light) and trait variables (plant height, clonal spreading) had opposing effects on spring growth and senescence. Conclusions The findings indicate different drivers and potential risks in growth and senescence. The strong role of niche-based predictors implies that shifts in season length due to global change are likely to differ among habitats and will not be uniform across the whole flora.
Assessment and Documentation of Social Determinants of Health Among Health Care Providers: Qualitative Study

Background Research clearly demonstrates social determinants of health (SDOH) impact health outcomes. Provider consideration of patient SDOH in prevention and treatment planning is critical for improved health care quality and health equity. Despite awareness of the connections between SDOH and improved population health, research demonstrates few providers document patient SDOH. Objective This qualitative study aimed to better understand the barriers and facilitators of SDOH assessment, documentation, and referral in different health care settings and roles. Methods Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with practicing health care providers in South Carolina between August 25, 2022, and September 2, 2022. Participants were recruited via community partners’ web-based newsletters or listservs using a purposive sampling design. An interview guide with 19 questions was used to explore the following research question: How do SDOH impact patient health and what are the facilitators and barriers experienced by multidisciplinary health care providers assessing and documenting patient SDOH? Results Participants (N=5) included a neonatal intensive care unit registered nurse, a nurse practitioner, a certified nurse midwife, a family and preventive medicine physician, and a counselor (licensed clinical social worker) with careers spanning 12 to 32 years. Participant responses are presented according to the following 5 themes: participants’ understanding of SDOH for the patient population, assessment and documentation practices, referrals to other providers and community-based resources, barriers and facilitators of SDOH assessment and documentation, and SDOH assessment and documentation training preferences. Overall, participants were aware of the importance of including patient SDOH in assessment and intervention but noted a variety of institutional and interpersonal barriers to assessment and documentation, including time constraints, perceptions of stigma around discussion of SDOH, and limited referral protocols. Conclusions Incentivizing inclusion of patient SDOH in health care must be facilitated from the top down, so assessment and documentation can be universally implemented in a pragmatic way that works for providers in a variety of roles and settings for the betterment of health care quality, health equity, and improved population health outcomes. Partnering with community organizations can serve to augment health care organizations’ resource and referral availability for addressing patients’ social needs.
Symptom profiles and vaccination status for COVID‐19 after the adjustment of the dynamic zero‐COVID policy in China: An observational study

There has been a substantial rise in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases after adjusting the dynamic zero‐COVID policy in China. We conducted a survey to investigate the self‐perceived symptom profile and its association with vaccination status during this outbreak. There were 552 individuals in this survey. The infected individuals displayed various symptoms associated with different factors. The three most common symptoms were fatigue (92.21%), phlegm (91.49%), and cough (89.31%). Two typical clusters of COVID‐19 symptoms were identified through hierarchical clustering: one was the symptoms with a high probability of co‐occurrence that primarily involved the upper respiratory tract, and the other was the symptoms with a high prevalence of severe cases that affected multiple systems. Symptoms exhibited distinct across regions. Hebei Province reported the most severe respiratory symptoms, and Chongqing City reported the worst neurological and digestive symptoms. Cough and fatigue occurred together in most regions. Nevertheless, the cough severity of Zhejiang, Liaoning, and Yunnan provinces was lower than in other areas (t‐test p < 0.001). Regression analysis suggested a potential protective effect of recent vaccination on some symptoms. Compared with people who had been vaccinated within half a year, those for more than 1 year had a higher risk of developing phlegm, cough, vertigo, and nausea (all p < 0.05). Our study illustrated the characteristics and symptom profiles of COVID‐19 during this wave and provided data supporting its relationship with multiple factors. These findings offered new insights into the recent COVID‐19 pandemic in China.
Persistent increase and improved survival of stage I lung cancer based on a large-scale real-world sample of 26,226 cases

Abstract Background: Lung cancer prevails and induces high mortality around the world. This study provided real-world information on the evolution of clinicopathological profiles and survival outcomes of lung cancer, and provided survival information within stage I subtypes. Methods: Patients pathologically confirmed with lung cancer between January 2009 and December 2018 were identified with complete clinicopathological information, molecular testing results, and follow-up data. Shifts in clinical characteristics were evaluated using χ 2 tests. Overall survival (OS) was calculated through the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: A total of 26,226 eligible lung cancer patients were included, among whom 62.55% were male and 52.89% were smokers. Non-smokers and elderly patients took increasingly larger proportions in the whole patient population. The proportion of adenocarcinoma increased from 51.63% to 71.80%, while that of squamous carcinoma decreased from 28.43% to 17.60%. Gene mutations including EGFR (52.14%), KRAS (12.14%), and ALK (8.12%) were observed. Female, younger, non-smoking, adenocarcinoma patients and those with mutated EGFR had better survival prognoses. Importantly, this study validated that early detection of early-stage lung cancer patients had contributed to pronounced survival benefits during the decade. Patients with stage I lung cancer, accounted for an increasingly considerable proportion, increasing from 15.28% to 40.25%, coinciding with the surgery rate increasing from 38.14% to 54.25%. Overall, period survival analyses found that 42.69% of patients survived 5 years, and stage I patients had a 5-year OS of 84.20%. Compared with that in 2009–2013, the prognosis of stage I patients in 2014–2018 was dramatically better, with 5-year OS increasing from 73.26% to 87.68%. Regarding the specific survival benefits among stage I patients, the 5-year survival rates were 95.28%, 93.25%, 82.08%, and 74.50% for stage IA1, IA2, IA3, and IB, respectively, far more promising than previous reports. Conclusions: Crucial clinical and pathological changes have been observed in the past decade. Notably, the increased incidence of stage I lung cancer coincided with an improved prognosis, indicating actual benefits of early detection and management of lung cancer.
Histamine-producing bacteria and their role in gastrointestinal disorders

ABSTRACT Introduction Gut microbiota produces thousands of metabolites, which have a huge impact on the host health. Specific microbial strains are able to synthesize histamine, a molecule with a crucial role in many physiologic and pathologic mechanisms of the host. This function is mediated by the histidine decarboxylase enzyme (HDC) that converts the amino acid histidine to histamine. Areas covered This review summarizes the emerging data on histamine production by gut microbiota, and the effect of bacterial-derived histamine in different clinical contexts, including cancer, irritable bowel syndrome, and other gastrointestinal and extraintestinal pathologies. This review will also outline the impact of histamine on the immune system and the effect of probiotics that can secrete histamine. Search methodology: we searched the literature on PubMed up to February 2023. Expert opinion The potential of modulating gut microbiota to influence histamine production is a promising area of research, and although our knowledge of histamine-secreting bacteria is still limited, recent advances are exploring their diagnostic and therapeutical potential. Diet, probiotics, and pharmacological treatments directed to the modulation of histamine-secreting bacteria may in the future potentially be employed in the prevention and management of several gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF COAX-FED ELECTROMAGNETICALLY COUPLED STACKED RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA FOR BROAD BAND APPLICATION

In this article, a set of closed-form expressions is proposed to predict the resonant frequency, quality factor, input impedance, bandwidth efficiency, directivity and gain for a coax-fed electromagnetically coupled stacked rectangular patch antenna. The computed results obtained with the present model are compared with the experimental and HFSS simulated results. The present model shows less error against the experimental and simulated results.
Interstitial lung disease in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis: an update on pathogenesis and treatment

Purpose of review Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is now recognized as a common complication of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV), especially myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA-positive AAV and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). This review focuses on current concepts pertaining to the pathogenesis, clinical assessment, and management of AAV-ILD. Recent findings ILD is typically identified before or at the onset of systemic AAV, and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is the most common CT pattern. MPO-ANCA production, neutrophil extracellular traps formation, reactive oxidative species production, complement activation, environmental exposures, and genetic background might play a role in the pathogenesis of AAV-ILD. Recent research has identified promising biomarkers as potential diagnostic and prognostic tools in AAV-ILD. The optimal treatment for AAV-ILD is not well defined but might rely on a combination of immunosuppression and antifibrotics, especially in patients with progressive lung fibrosis. Despite the effectiveness of current therapies for AAV, the outcome of patients with AAV-ILD remains poor. Summary ANCA screening should be considered in patients with newly diagnosed ILD. Management of AAV-ILD should be overviewed by a collaborative team comprising vasculitis experts and respirologists. Video abstract http://links.lww. com/COPM/A33
Figuring Figures: Exploring Europeans’ Knowledge of Official Economic Statistics

Abstract Economic issues have been a major concern for Europeans in the last few years. In this context, it is reasonable to suppose that people are aware of the main economic figures regarding Europe. But are they really familiar with them? Do they know what the rates of growth, unemployment and inflation are? The aim of this article is to explore the level of knowledge of these three economic indicators among Europeans. Several regression models are specified and estimated in order to identify the relationship between an individual’s knowledge and their socioeconomic profile, use of the Internet, perceived importance of economic issues and official statistics and trust in them. Cross-country differences are also assessed.
Experiences of acquired brain injury survivors participating in online and hybrid performance arts programmes: an ethnographic study.

BACKGROUND Performance arts can benefit people with acquired brain injury (ABI). This study explored the online delivery during COVID-19 restrictions, of a performance art intervention through the experiences of participants, artists and facilitators. METHODS Two community-based programmes were delivered. Online ethnographic observations and semi-structured interviews with participants, artists and facilitators were completed. RESULTS The programmes benefited participants by addressing loneliness and isolation; building confidence through peer support; improving physical limitations through movement; improving communication through music and vocal work; and using poetry, visual arts, metaphor and performance to make sense of participants' experiences. Participants had mixed experiences of participation, but it was an acceptable alternative to in-person arts interventions for those who overcame digital challenges. CONCLUSIONS ABI survivors can engage in online performance art programmes and find participation valuable for their health, well-being, and recovery. More work is needed to explore the generalisability of these findings, especially given digital poverty.
Survival after HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device implantation: real‐world data from Europe

Survival of end-stage heart failure patients on left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support continuously increases. 1 Nowa-days, the HeartMate 3 (HM3, Abbott, Chicago, IL, USA) LVAD is most commonly implanted. Mehra et al . showed a 5 year survival of 58.4% in HM3 patients included in the extended-phase analysis of the MOMENTUM 3 trial. Patients included in this trial were treated in the United States. 2 LVAD patient selection and donor heart availability differ between United States and Europe. 3 In addition, outcomes in clinical trials may differ from those in common practice due to patient selection criteria and intensity of follow-up.
COVID-19 concerns among caregivers and vitamin A supplementation coverage among children aged 6–59 months in four countries in Western sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract Objective: To assess child vitamin A supplementation (VAS) coverage in 2019 and 2020 and explore key factors, including COVID-19 concerns, that influenced VAS status in four sub-Saharan African countries. Design: Data from eight representative household surveys were used to assess VAS coverage. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the effect of rural/urban residence, child sex and age, caregiver education, COVID-19 concern and household wealth on VAS status. Setting: Nine (2019) and 12 (2020) districts in Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea and Mali. Participants: 28 283 caregivers of children aged 6–59 months. Results: Between 2019 and 2020, VAS coverage increased in Burkina Faso (82·2–93·1 %), Côte d’Ivoire (90·3–93·3 %) and Mali (76·1–79·3 %) and decreased in Guinea (86·0 % to 81·7 %). Rural children had a higher likelihood of VAS uptake compared with urban children in Burkina Faso (adjusted OR (aOR) = 4·22; 95 % CI: 3·11, 5·72), Côte d’Ivoire (aOR = 5·19; 95 % CI: 3·10, 8·70) and Mali (aOR = 1·41; 95 % CI: 1·15, 1·74). Children aged 12–59 months had a higher likelihood of VAS uptake compared with children aged 6–11 months in Côte d’Ivoire (aOR = 1·67; 95 % CI: 1·12, 2·48) and Mali (aOR = 1·74; 95 % CI: 1·34, 2·26). Moderate-to-high COVID-19 concern was associated with a lower likelihood of VAS uptake in Côte d’Ivoire (aOR = 0·55; 95 % CI: 0·37, 0·80). Conclusion: The increase in VAS coverage from 2019 to 2020 suggests that COVID-19 concerns may not have limited VAS uptake in some African countries, though geographic inequities should be considered.
Nutritional and Dietary Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Under Conservative and Preservative Kidney Care Without Dialysis

While dialysis has been the prevailing treatment paradigm for patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), emphasis on conservative and preservative management in which dietary interventions are a major cornerstone have emerged. Based on high-quality evidence, international guidelines support the utilization of low-protein diets as an intervention to reduce CKD progression and mortality risk, although the precise thresholds (if any) for dietary protein intake vary across recommendations. There is also increasing evidence demonstrating that plant-dominant low-protein diets reduce the risk of developing incident CKD, CKD progression, and its related complications including cardiometabolic disease, metabolic acidosis, mineral and bone disorders, and uremic toxin generation. In this review, we discuss the premise for conservative and preservative dietary interventions, specific dietary approaches used in conservative and preservative care, potential benefits of a plant-dominant low-protein diet, and practical implementation of these nutritional strategies without dialysis.