Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of adding ground or steam-flaked corn and zinc-enriched yeast to grower pellet feed on fattening performance, development of rumen papilla, and some blood parameters in lambs

- This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ground or steam-flaked corn and zinc-enriched yeast addition to grower pellet feed on fattening performance, rumen papillae development, and some blood parameters in lambs. For this purpose, thirty-six Kivircik male lambs were selected and divided equally into six groups: basal diet containing pellet feed without different corn form and yeast (control), basal diet 80% + ground corn 20% (PGC), basal diet 80% + steam-flaked corn 20% (PFC), PGC + Zn-enriched yeast (PGCZnY), PFC + Zn-enriched yeast (PFCZnY), and control + Zn-enriched yeast (PZnY). They were fed for 56 days according to the diets mentioned above. At the conclusion of the evaluations in fattening performance, rumen papillae development, and some blood parameters, there were no significant differences in body weight gain, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed efficiency among the experimental groups. In the PGCZnY group, rumen papillae length was found to be higher than the other experimental groups. At the end of the trial (day 0), leukocyte and lymphocyte counts decreased significantly only in the control group compared with the other groups in the present study. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values, analyzed at the beginning and at the end of the trial, increased significantly in all groups except in the PGCZnY group. Supplementation of Zinc-enriched yeast to ground corn can be used for increasing ruminal papilla length, however decreasing the serum BUN levels in lambs during the fattening
Fourier transforms of $C^*$-algebras of nilpotent Lie groups

For any nilpotent Lie group $G$ we provide a description of the image of its $C^*$-algebra through its operator-valued Fourier transform. Specifically, we show that $C^*(G)$ admits a finite composition series such that that the spectra of the corresponding quotients are Hausdorff sets in the relative topology, defined in terms of the fine stratification of the space of coadjoint orbits of $G$, and the canonical fields of elementary $C^*$-algebras defined by the successive subquotients are trivial. We give a description of the image of the Fourier transform as a $C^*$-algebra of piecewise continuous operator fields on the spectrum, determined by the boundary behavior of the restrictions of operator fields to the spectra of the subquotients in the composition series. For uncountable families of 3-step nilpotent Lie groups and also for a sequence of nilpotent Lie groups of arbitrarily high nilpotency step, we prove that every continuous trace subquotient of their $C^*$-algebras has its Dixmier-Douady invariant equal to zero.
Local and 2-local derivations on noncommutative Arens algebras

The paper is devoted to so-called local and 2-local derivations on the noncommutative Arens algebra Lω(M,τ) associated with a von Neumann algebra M and a faithful normal semi-finite trace τ. We prove that every 2-local derivation on Lω(M,τ) is a spatial derivation, and if M is a finite von Neumann algebra, then each local derivation on Lω(M,τ) is also a spatial derivation and every 2-local derivation on M is in fact an inner derivation.
Secure Vehicular Platoon Management against Sybil Attacks

The capacity of highways has been an ever-present constraint in the 21st century, bringing about the issue of safety with greater likelihoods of traffic accidents occurring. Furthermore, recent global oil prices have inflated to record levels. A potential solution lies in vehicular platooning, which has been garnering attention, but its deployment is uncommon due to cyber security concerns. One particular concern is a Sybil attack, by which the admission of fake virtual vehicles into the platoon allows malicious actors to wreak havoc on the platoon itself. In this paper, we propose a secure management scheme for platoons that can protect major events that occur in the platoon operations against Sybil attacks. Both vehicle identity and message exchanged are authenticated by adopting key exchange, digital signature and encryption schemes based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). Noteworthy features of the scheme include providing perfect forward secrecy and both group forward and backward secrecy to preserve the privacy of vehicles and platoons. Typical malicious attacks such as replay and man-in-the-middle attacks for example can also be resisted. A formal evaluation of the security functionality of the scheme by the Canetti–Krawczyk (CK) adversary and the random oracle model as well as a brief computational verification by CryptoVerif were conducted. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme was evaluated to show its time and space efficiency.
A regularization based method for spectral unmixing of imaging spectrometer data

In spectral unmixing, the imaging spectrometer data is unmixed to yield underlying proportions (abundance maps) of the constituent materials after extracting (estimating) their spectral signatures (endmembers). Under linear mixing model, we consider an unmixing problem wherein given the extracted endmembers, the task is to estimate the abundances. This is a severely ill-posed problem, as the hyperspectral signatures are strongly correlated resulting in the ill-conditioned signature matrix which makes the estimation highly sensitive to the noise. Further, the acquired data often do not fully satisfy the simplex requirement imposed by the linearity, resulting in inaccurate extraction of endmembers. This in turn could lead to unstable solution in the subsequent estimation of abundances. In this paper, we adopt the regularization-based alternative to achieve stable solution by improving the conditioning of the problem. For this purpose, we propose to use Tikhonov regularization within the total least squares (TLS) estimation framework. The problem is formulated with a sum of the TLS as its data-term which takes care of the possible modeling errors in both abundances and endmembers, and the Tikhonov prior which imposes the smoothness constraints. The resultant energy function being convex is minimized by gradient based optimization technique wherein the solution space is restricted to yield nonnegative abundances. We show the analysis of the regularized solution and compare it with a TLS-based direct inversion. The experiments are conducted with different noise levels on the simulated data. The results are compared with the state-of-art approaches using different quantitative measures and observing the consistency within spatial patterns of the estimated abundances. Finally the proposed approach is applied on the AVIRIS data to obtain abundance maps of the constituent materials.
Über die Beugung und Bremsung der Elektronen

Ubersicht: Der I. Teil bildet eine systematische Einleitung zu der Behandlung des kontinuierlichen Rontgenspektrums im II. Teil. Der I. Teil geht nur in der Methode, nicht in den Resultaten uber die Arbeiten von Gordon, Mott, Temple hinaus. Der II. Teil setzt, im Gegensatz zu Arbeiten von Oppenheimer und Sugiura den Endzustand des gebremsten Elektrons als ebene, durch Beugung modifizierte Welle an. Polarisation und Intensitat im kontinuierlichen Spektrum werden nach der Methode der Matrixelemente berechnet. Um die azimutale Verteilung der Intensitat, insbesondere die Voreilung des Maximums zu erhalten, mus die Rechenmethode verfeinert werden durch Berucksichtigung der Retardierung. Die Resultate werden mit Messungen von Kulenkampff verglichen.
Almost Arithmetic Progressions in the Primes and Other Large Sets

Abstract A celebrated and deep result of Green and Tao states that the primes contain arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. In this note, I provide a straightforward argument demonstrating that the primes get arbitrarily close to arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. The argument also applies to “large sets” in the sense of the Erdős conjecture on arithmetic progressions. The proof is short, completely self-contained, and aims to give a heuristic explanation of why the primes, and other large sets, possess arithmetic structure.
A survey of test ideals

Test ideals were first introduced by Mel Hochster and Craig Huneke in their celebrated theory of tight closure, and since their invention have been closely tied to the theory of Frobenius splittings. Subsequently, test ideals have also found application far beyond their original scope to questions arising in complex analytic geometry. In this paper we give a contemporary survey of test ideals and their wide-ranging applications.
Analytic and geometric properties of generic Ricci solitons

The aim of this paper is to prove some classification results for generic shrinking Ricci solitons. In particular, we show that every three dimensional generic shrinking Ricci soliton is given by quotients of either $\mathds{S}^3$, $\erre\times\mathds{S}^2$ or $\erre^3$, under some very weak conditions on the vector field $X$ generating the soliton structure. In doing so we introduce analytical tools that could be useful in other settings; for instance we prove that the Omori-Yau maximum principle holds for the $X$-Laplacian on every generic Ricci soliton, without any assumption on $X$.
Digging into waste: an analysis of waste crime in the Italian provinces

ABSTRACT This article examines the drivers of waste crime using a panel dataset at the provincial level in Italy. The results demonstrate that while waste crime is characterized by some degree of inertia, it lacks significant spatial patterns and does not respond to general modes of deterrence. With respect to income, the human capital effect prevails over the scale effect. An inefficient public sector and inadequate waste management system result in higher waste crime rates. The hauling and storage facilities also provide several opportunities for illegal shipment and disposal, which organized crime groups can especially exploit.
A rare case of a nasal cavity fungus ball due to Aspergillus niger

Background and Purpose: Fungus Ball (FB) is a non-invasive fungal infection caused mainly by Aspergillus species. It can occur after root canal treatments are applied to the teeth adjacent to the maxillary sinus. These balls are commonly seen in the paranasal sinuses and rarely observed in the nasal cavity. This report attempted in to highlight such a rare case of fungal infection which requires accurate observation. Moreover, it highlights the importance of careful microbiological and histopathological examinations that were combined with imaging and can lead to a definitive diagnosis. Case report: Herein, we report a rare case of a FB found in the vicinity of the nasal cavity of a 73-year-old male patient. Microbiological examination supported by radiographic and histopathological results indicated that the FB is due to Aspergillus niger. Excised surgery was done to the FB area, and the patient was referred to the post-operation room with the proper recommendations. After the wound healed, the total denture was performed as requested by the patient, and his overall oral health was improved. Conclusion: In this article, we report the first case of a rare FB in the vicinity of the nasal cavity of a 73-year-old male patient. The appropriate investigation is an essential step in the diagnostic process for these infections and requires effective communication and collaboration.
An additive variant of Somekawa's K-groups and Kähler differentials

We introduce a Milnor type $K$-group associated to commutative algebraic groups over a perfect field. It is an additive variant of Somekawa's $K$-group. We show that the $K$-group associated to the additive group and $q$ multiplicative groups of a field is isomorphic to the space of absolute Kahler differentials of degree $q$ of the field, thus giving us a geometric interpretation of the space of absolute Kahler differentials. We also show that the $K$-group associated to the additive group and Jacobian variety of a curve is isomorphic to the homology group of a certain complex.
Some boundedness properties of solutions to the Vafa-Witten equations on closed four-manifolds

We consider a set of gauge-theoretic equations on closed oriented four-manifolds, which was introduced by Vafa and Witten. The equations involve a triple consisting of a connection and extra fields associated to a principal bundle over a closed oriented four-manifold. They are similar to Hitchin's equations over compact Riemann surfaces, and as part of the resemblance, there is no $L^2$-bound on the curvature without an $L^2$-bound on the extra fields. In this article, however, we observe that under the particular circumstance where the curvature does not become concentrated and the limiting connection is not locally reducible, one obtains an $L^2$-bound on the extra fields.
The factorization method for inverse obstacle scattering with conductive boundary condition

The inverse acoustic scattering by a penetrable obstacle with a general conductive boundary condition is considered. Having established the well posedness of the direct problem by a variational method, we study the factorization method for recovering the location and the shape of the obstacle. One by-product of the method is an explicit proof of uniqueness of the inverse scattering problem under certain assumptions. Some numerical experiments are also presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the factorization method.
Evaluating horizontal mergers in Swedish district courts using plant capacity concepts

This contribution investigates the effects of horizontal mergers and acquisitions on the plant capacity utilisation of the Swedish district courts over the periods 2000-2017. More specifically, we empirically demonstrate the decomposition of input-oriented and output-oriented technical efficiency by incorporating several concepts of plant capacity utilisation. Moreover, we also explore the impact of convexity on input-oriented and output-oriented measures of plant capacity in the short-run scenario in an attempt to discover the potential rationale behind the merger wave. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to assess horizontal mergers by employing plant capacity utilisation concepts. The results indicate that the horizontal mergers improve capacity utilisation. Furthermore, the nonconvex frontier method provides a more conservative estimate of plant capacity changes of this merger wave.
From Nucleus to Membrane: A Subcellular Map of the N-Acetylation Machinery in Plants

N-terminal acetylation (NTA) is an ancient protein modification conserved throughout all domains of life. N-terminally acetylated proteins are present in the cytosol, the nucleus, the plastids, mitochondria and the plasma membrane of plants. The frequency of NTA differs greatly between these subcellular compartments. While up to 80% of cytosolic and 20–30% of plastidic proteins are subject to NTA, NTA of mitochondrial proteins is rare. NTA alters key characteristics of proteins such as their three-dimensional structure, binding properties and lifetime. Since the majority of proteins is acetylated by five ribosome-bound N-terminal acetyltransferases (Nats) in yeast and humans, NTA was long perceived as an exclusively co-translational process in eukaryotes. The recent characterization of post-translationally acting plant Nats, which localize to the plasma membrane and the plastids, has challenged this view. Moreover, findings in humans, yeast, green algae and higher plants uncover differences in the cytosolic Nat machinery of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic eukaryotes. These distinctive features of the plant Nat machinery might constitute adaptations to the sessile lifestyle of plants. This review sheds light on the unique role of plant N-acetyltransferases in development and stress responses as well as their evolution-driven adaptation to function in different cellular compartments.
Escort distributions and Tsallis entropy

We present an argument justifying the origin of the escort distributions used in calculations involving the Tsallis entropy. We rely on an induced hyperbolic Riemannian metric reflecting the generalized composition property of the Tsallis entropy. The mapping of the corresponding Riemannian measure on the space of thermodynamic variables gives the specific form of the escort distributions and provides a geometric interpretation of the non-extensive parameter. In addition, we explain the polynomial rate of increase of the sample space volume for systems described by the Tsallis entropy, thus extending the previously reached conclusions for discrete systems to the case of systems whose evolution is described by flows on Riemannian manifolds.
New edge asymptotics of skew Young diagrams via free boundaries.

We study edge asymptotics of poissonized Plancherel-type measures on skew Young diagrams (integer partitions). These measures can be seen as generalizations of those studied by Baik--Deift--Johansson and Baik--Rains in resolving Ulam's problem on longest increasing subsequences of random permutations and the last passage percolation (corner growth) discrete versions thereof. Moreover they interpolate between said measures and the uniform measure on partitions. In the new KPZ-like 1/3 exponent edge scaling limit with logarithmic corrections, we find new probability distributions generalizing the classical Tracy--Widom GUE, GOE and GSE distributions from the theory of random matrices.
Experimental investigation of the large-scale velocity statistics in homogeneous turbulent shear flow

Motivated by the numerical results of Isaza and Collins [“On the asymptotic behaviour of large-scale turbulence in homogeneous shear flow,” J. Fluid Mech. (in press)], the sensitivity of the self-similar behavior of the large-scale velocity statistics in an homogeneous turbulent shear flow to the initial value of the shear parameter and Reynolds number is investigated in a wind tunnel. Using an active grid, the initial value of Reynolds number based on the Taylor microscale is varied over the range 100≤Rλ≤250. The shear is generated using screens of different solidities followed by a series of straightening channels [S. Garg and Z. Warhaft, Phys. Fluids 10, 662 (1998)], allowing us to vary the initial value of the shear parameter over the modest range 6≤S0*≤12. We find that the longtime behavior of the shear parameter depends on its initial value over the nondimensional time interval 5≤St≤25, but is less sensitive to the initial value of the Reynolds number. The ratio of the turbulent kinetic energy produ.
Automated valuation models: improving model performance by choosing the optimal spatial training level

ABSTRACT The academic community has discussed using Automated Valuation Models (AVMs) in the context of traditional real estate valuations and their performance for several decades. Most studies focus on finding the best method for estimating property values. One aspect that has not yet to be studied scientifically is the appropriate choice of the spatial training level. The published research on AVMs usually deals with a manually defined region and fails to test the methods used on different spatial levels. Our research aims to investigate the impact of training AVM algorithms at different spatial levels regarding valuation accuracy. We use a dataset with 1.2 million residential properties from Germany and test four methods: Ordinary Least Square, Generalised Additive Models, eXtreme Gradient Boosting and Deep Neural Network. Our results show that the right choice of spatial training level can significantly impact the model performance, and that this impact varies across the different methods.
Critical mineral constraints in global renewable scenarios under 1.5 °C target

To avoid catastrophic climate change, the world is promoting a fast and unprecedented transition from fuels to renewables. However, the infrastructures of renewables, such as wind turbines and solar cells, rely heavily on critical minerals like rare earths, indium, etc. Such interactions between climate targets, energy transitions, and critical minerals were widely overlooked in the present climate scenario analysis. This study aims to fill this gap through an introduction of metal–energy–climate nexus framework with its application on global energy transition towards a carbon-neutral (or below 1.5 °C) target, in which six state-of-the-art integrated assessment models (IAMs) under different shared socioeconomic pathways were applied. Our analysis revealed that climate mitigation is expected to boost significantly the critical mineral demand by 2.6–267-fold, which varies greatly by IAM models. Solar power development may be constrained by tellurium (Te) and selenium (Se) shortage, while wind power will be jeopardized by the limited scalability of rare earth production. Moreover, a more sustainable pathway may come at higher demand for critical minerals along with higher renewable ratios. Consequently, a holistic investigation of the interaction of mineral, energy, and climate systems is highly recommended for future scenario designing.
Lived experiences of patients undergoing treatment for traumatic knee injury using integrated psychological training (MOTIFS) in the context of care-as-usual training: a phenomenological interview study

The objective was to increase understanding of how knee-injured people make sense of using the Motor Imagery to Facilitate Sensorimotor Re-Learning (MOTIFS) training intervention. This model integrates structured psychological skills training into existing care-as-usual (CaU) rehabilitation protocols. To better understand patients’ lived experiences of MOTIFS, it was necessary to understand those of CaU training. Interviews were conducted with five people undergoing knee-injury rehabilitation according to the MOTIFS model, as well as seven receiving treatment according to CaU. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to explore patients’ lived experiences. Results indicate that patients in the MOTIFS group perceive individualised meaning and sport relevance in their rehabilitation training. Imagery is perceived to be a concrete strategy that can be difficult, but encourages a biopsychosocial interaction to improve confidence, motivation, enjoyment and sport-relevant context, thereby aiding in physically and psychologically preparing patients for return to activity. CaU training is discussed in terms of physical factors, though patients identify psychological factors as important, perceiving a lack of focus on this, resulting in inadequate psychological readiness to return to activity. In conclusion, the MOTIFS model is perceived as focusing more on psychological factors in rehabilitation, helping to develop coping strategies and physically and psychologically prepare for return to activity. Patients in the CaU group perceive rehabilitation training as restoring strength and function, but lack structured psychological strategies to aid in return to activity preparation. This study is part of the MOTIFS randomised controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT03473821).
Pro unitality and pro excision in algebraic K-theory and cyclic homology

We study pro excision in algebraic K-theory, following Suslin--Wodzicki, Cuntz--Quillen, Corti\~nas, and Geisser--Hesselholt, as well as Artin--Rees and continuity properties of Andr\'e--Quillen, Hochschild, and cyclic homology. Our key tool is to first establish the equivalence of various pro Tor vanishing conditions which appear in the literature. Using this we prove that all ideals of commutative, Noetherian rings are pro unital in a certain sense, and show that such ideals satisfy pro excision in $K$-theory as well as in cyclic and topological cyclic homology. In addition, our techniques yield a strong form of the pro Hochschild--Kostant--Rosenberg theorem, an extension to general base rings of the Cuntz--Quillen excision theorem in periodic cyclic homology, and a generalisation of the Fe\u{\i}gin--Tsygan theorem.