Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drivers of geophagy by red brocket deer (Mazama americana) at Amazonian interior forest mineral licks

Abstract Mineral licks are key ecological components of the Amazon rainforest, providing critical dietary functions for herbivorous and frugivorous mammals and birds, which help maintain the structure and function of the forest itself through seed and nutrient dispersal. One of the most frequent visitors of interior forest mineral licks in the Amazon is the red brocket deer (Mazama americana), a large‐bodied ruminant frugivore and seed predator. While several hypotheses for the drivers of geophagy exist, including mineral supplementation, toxin adsorption, and habitat selection, robust data on geophagy for the red brocket deer for large numbers of mineral licks is nonexistent. We used soil data from 83 mineral licks in conjunction with camera trap data from 52 of those mineral licks and a mixed‐effects modeling approach to test the three proposed hypotheses of geophagy for the red brocket deer. We found that consumed soils at mineral licks had elevated concentrations of almost all major and minor biologically active minerals measured, including Ca, Na, Mg, K, Cu, Zn, and Mn. Model results suggest that all three hypotheses hold true to some extent for the red brocket deer, with the greatest support for the mineral supplementation hypothesis, in particular with respect to Mg, Ca, Na, Cu, and Zn. This study provides critical information on the feeding ecology of the red brocket deer in the wild, and the first robust analysis of geophagy of an Amazonian mammal involving a large sample size of interior forest mineral licks.
Global geodiversity components are not equally represented in UNESCO Global Geoparks

The aim of UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGs) is to protect globally significant geoheritage and geodiversity, but quantitative evidence on the global representativeness of geodiversity components (i.e. geology, soils, geomorphology and hydrology) in these geoparks is in short supply. Here, we provide a first assessment by deriving a global map of geodiversity to test whether the presence of geodiversity components in UGGs is representative for the global availability and distribution of geodiversity. Using openly accessible global datasets and a newly developed workflow, we have calculated metrics for each geodiversity component and a global geodiversity index; we then quantified whether UGGs represent global geodiversity and then compared their components to a randomized spatial distribution of geoparks. Our results show that lithological and topographical diversity are more represented in UGGs than outside these sites, while soil type and hydrological diversity are not significantly different. Furthermore, individual soil types and lithological classes are under-represented and unevenly distributed in Asian and European UGGs. This is probably caused by the concentration of geoparks in Asian and European mountains. To better conserve geodiversity, we suggest an initiative to consider the protection and representation of all geodiversity components in their global context. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Geodiversity for science and society’.
Lateral wall thickness is not associated with revision risk of medially stable intertrochanteric fractures fixed with a sliding hip screw

Aims This study aimed to determine whether lateral femoral wall thickness (LWT) < 20.5 mm was associated with increased revision risk of intertrochanteric fracture (ITF) of the hip following sliding hip screw (SHS) fixation when the medial calcar was intact. Additionally, the study assessed the association between LWT and patient mortality. Methods This retrospective study included ITF patients aged 50 years and over treated with SHS fixation between 2019 and 2021 at a major trauma centre. Demographic information, fracture type, delirium status, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, and length of stay were collected. LWT and tip apex distance were measured. Revision surgery and mortality were recorded at a mean follow-up of 19.5 months (1.6 to 48). Cox regression was performed to evaluate independent risk factors associated with revision surgery and mortality. Results The cohort consisted of 890 patients with a mean age of 82 years (SD 10.2). Mean LWT was 27.0 mm (SD 8.6), and there were 213 patients (23.9%) with LWT < 20.5 mm. Overall, 20 patients (2.2%) underwent a revision surgery following SHS fixation. Adjusting for covariates, LWT < 20.5 mm was not independently associated with an increased revision or mortality risk. However, factors that were significantly more prevalent in LWT < 20.5 mm group, which included residence in care home (hazard ratio (HR) 1.84; p < 0.001) or hospital (HR 1.65; p = 0.005), and delirium (HR 1.32; p = 0.026), were independently associated with an increased mortality risk. The only independent factor associated with increased risk of revision was older age (HR 1.07; p = 0.030). Conclusion LWT was not associated with risk of revision surgery in patients with an ITF fixed with a SHS when the calcar was intact, after adjusting for the independent effect of age. Although LWT < 20.5 mm was not an independent risk factor for mortality, patients with LWT < 20.5 mm were more likely to be from care home or hospital and have delirium on admission, which were associated with a higher mortality rate. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(2):123–131.
Delirium is frequently underdiagnosed among older hospitalised patients despite available information in hospital medical records

Abstract Background In-hospital delirium is associated with adverse outcomes and is underdiagnosed, limiting research and clinical follow-up. Objective To compare the incidence of in-hospital delirium determined by chart-based review of electronic medical records (D-CBR) with delirium discharge diagnoses (D-DD). Furthermore, to identify differences in symptoms, treatments and delirium triggers between D-CBR and D-DD. Method The community-based cohort included 2,115 participants in the Hordaland Health Study born between 1925 and 1927. Between 2018 and 2022, we retrospectively reviewed hospital electronic medical records from baseline (1997–99) until death prior to 2023. D-DD and D-CBR were validated using The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, criteria for delirium. Results Of the 2,115 participants, 638 had in-hospital delirium. The incidence rate (IR) of D-CBR was 29.8 [95% confidence interval 28, 32] per 1,000 person-years, whereas the IR by D-DD was 3.4 [2.8, 4.2]. The IR ratio was 9.14 (P < 0.001). Patients who received pharmacological treatment for delirium (n = 121, odds ratio (OR) 3.4, [2.1, 5.4], P < 0.001), who were affected by acute memory impairment (n = 149, OR 2.8, [1.8, 4.5], P < 0.001), or change in perception (n = 137, OR 2.9, [1.8, 4.6] P < 0.001) had higher odds for D-DD. In contrast, post-operative cases (OR 0.2, [0.1, 0.4], P < 0.001) had lower odds for D-DD. Conclusion Underdiagnosis of in-hospital delirium was a major issue in our study, especially in less severe delirium cases. Our findings emphasise the need for integrating systematic delirium diagnostics and documentation into hospital admission and discharge routines.
Cooking the Books, or, More Sailing Under the Black Flag

www.sgresearch. socgen.com In good times, few focus on such ‘mundane’ issues as earnings quality and footnotes. However, this lack of attention to ‘detail’ tends to come back and bite investors in the arse during bad times. There are notable exceptions to this generalisation. The short sellers tend to be amongst the most fundamentally driven investors. Indeed, far from being rumour mongers, most short sellers are closer to being the accounting police. To aid investors in assessing the likelihood of accounting shenanigans, I have designed the C-score. When combined with measures of overvaluation, this score is particularly useful at identifying short candidates.
Confronting the “Indian summer monsoon response to black carbon aerosol” with the uncertainty in its radiative forcing and beyond

While black carbon aerosols (BC) are believed to modulate the Indian monsoons, the radiative forcing estimate of BC suffers from large uncertainties globally. We analyze a suite of idealized experiments forced with a range of BC concentrations that span a large swath of the latest estimates of its global radiative forcing. Within those bounds of uncertainty, summer precipitation over the Indian region increases nearly linearly with the increase in BC burden. The linearity holds even as the BC concentration is increased to levels resembling those hypothesized in nuclear winter scenarios, despite large surface cooling over India and adjoining regions. The enhanced monsoonal circulation is associated with a linear increase in the large‐scale meridional tropospheric temperature gradient. The precipitable water over the region also increases linearly with an increase in BC burden, due to increased moisture transport from the Arabian sea to the land areas. The wide range of Indian monsoon response elicited in these experiments emphasizes the need to reduce the uncertainty in BC estimates to accurately quantify their role in modulating the Indian monsoons. The increase in monsoonal circulation in response to large BC concentrations contrasts earlier findings that the Indian summer monsoon may break down following a nuclear war.
Spectral Study of Asteroids and Laboratory Simulation of Asteroid Organics

We investigate the spectra of asteroids at nearand mid-infrared wavelengths. In 2010 and 2011 we reported the detection of 3 μm and 3.2-3.6 μm signatures on (24) Themis and (65) Cybele indicative of water-ice and complex organics [1] [2] [3]. We further probed other primitive asteroids in the Cybele dynamical group and Themis family, finding diversity in the shape of their 3 μm [4] [5] [6] and 10 μm spectral features [4]. These differences indicated mineralogical and compositional variations within these asteroid populations. Also in the mid-infrared region we studied a larger population of asteroids belonging to the Bus C, D, and S taxanomic classes to understand the relationship between any mineralogy and hydration inferred in the visible and nearinfrared with the shape, strength, and slope of the 10 μm emission. We have discovered that at least 3 of the main Bus taxanomic groups (Cs, Ds, and Ss as defined by their visible spectra) clearly cluster into 3 statistically distinct groups based on their 8-13 μm spectra. Additionally we have attempted to simulate in a laboratory the possible organic compounds we have detected on two asteroids, using various mixtures containing aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. We find that asteroid (24) Themis and (65) Cybele have τCH2/τCH3 and NCH2/NCH3 ratios similar to our 3methylpentane, propane, and hexane residues, suggesting that the organics on these asteroids may be short-chained and/or highly branched. The τCH2/τCH3 and NCH2 /NCH3 for asteroid (24) Themis are most consistent with the DISM, and some carbonaceous chondrites. The band centers of the C-
Preoperative Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index is an independent prognostic factor for postoperative survival after Gallbladder carcinoma radical surgery

Background Surgical results of gallbladder cancer (CBG) are currently inadequate. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) can effectively assess nutritional status. The present study attempted to delve into investigating whether preoperative GNRI can act as a predicting factor for CBG. Methods 202 consecutive GBC patients treated from 2010 to 2017 were taken retrospectively. By conducting univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), their preoperative GNRI was studied. Results Of the 202 patients, 103 (51.0%) had GNRI<100. The patients with low GNRI before surgery had the median OS of 26 months, less than that of patients having received high GNRI before surgery (39 months, P<0.001). GNRI displayed associations with less survival times in univariate (HR, 3.656; 95%CI, 2.308-5.790; P<0.001). As indicated from the results of multivariate analysis, patients exhibiting low GNRI showed a lower OS (HR, 2.386; 95%CI, 1.170-4.868; P=0.017) and RFS (HR, 7.610; 95%CI, 3.181-18.207; P<0.001) than those exhibiting high GNRI. Conclusions GNRI is an independent indicator of poor prognosis in GBC patients after GBC radical surgery.
FAM96B inhibits the senescence of dental pulp stem cells

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are considered a remarkable source for the regeneration of dental pulp tissues, but their therapeutic effectiveness remains limited, especially in elderly people. Previous studies found that senescence has a negative effect on the proliferation and differentiation potential of DPSCs. Moreover, numerous long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) and messenger RNA were significantly differentially regulated in DPSCs from young and elderly donors. However, the changes in DPSCs protein during senescence have not been addressed. In this study, differences in DPSC protein expression profiles and coexpression of protein and lncRNA were analyzed using proteomics and bioinformatics. The results showed 75 upregulated proteins and 69 downregulated proteins in DPSCs from elderly donors. Vasopressin‐regulated water reabsorption, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and protein export were the top four functional pathways associated with DPSCs. High mobility group N1 (HMGN1), HMGN2, UCHL1, and the family with sequence similarity 96 member B homeobox gene (FAM96B) were associated with DPSCs senescence. Then, we investigated FAM96B function in DPSCs. After FAM96B depletion, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activity decreased, but the number of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) positive cells and the protein levels of p16, p53 were significantly increased. Gain‐of‐function assays suggested that FAM96B overexpression was positively correlated with TERT activity, but negatively correlated with the number of SA‐β‐gal positive cells and the protein levels of P16 and P53. Moreover, after FAM96B overexpression, the results showed a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and an enhanced mineralization ability of DPSCs. The reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction results also showed that dentin sialophosphoprotein and osteocalcin were expressed at greater levels. The carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) results displayed that FAM96B increased the proliferation potential of DPSCs. Our study revealed candidate proteins that might be related to DPSCs senescence and provided information to elucidate the mechanism of the biological changes in DPSCs' aging. Moreover, FAM96B was demonstrated to play an important role in suppressing DPSCs senescence and promoting osteogenic differentiation and proliferation.
Socio-economic and environmental impact of tourism in Kodagu district (India): a case study.

Kodagu district has internationally recognized as one of the environmental “micro hot spot" due to the biological diversity and distribution of the Western Ghats. Unique culture heritages of the area have made ideally suits for tourism and a most attractive recreational spot in the country. The present study deals with an impact of extreme tourism on the environment and socio-economic conditions of the district. An impact assessment study was carried out by sample survey method at major tourist places of the district. The study shows that tourism has made substantial contributions to the livelihoods of local communities especially on socio-economic conditions. The study is explored serial consequences of tourism on the local environment and socio-economic conditions of local communities by pollution, waste disposal, threatening to wildlife, over utilization of endemic species and income outflow, etc. The study contributes to the knowledge and information on the current status of tourism vulnerability and diverse opinions on the conservation in among the local
The poker-chip experiments of synthetic elastomers

In a recent study, Kumar and Lopez-Pamies (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 150: 104359, 2021) have provided a complete quantitative explanation of the famed poker-chip experiments of Gent and Lindley (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 249: 195--205, 1959) on natural rubber. In a nutshell, making use of the fracture theory of Kumar, Francfort, and Lopez-Pamies (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 112: 523--551, 2018), they have shown that the nucleation of cracks in poker-chip experiments in natural rubber is governed by the strength -- in particular, the hydrostatic strength -- of the rubber, while the propagation of the nucleated cracks is governed by the Griffith competition between the bulk elastic energy of the rubber and its intrinsic fracture energy. The main objective of this paper is to extend the theoretical study of the poker-chip experiment by Kumar and Lopez-Pamies to synthetic elastomers that, as opposed to natural rubber: ($i$) may feature a hydrostatic strength that is larger than their uniaxial and biaxial tensile strengths and ($ii$) do not exhibit strain-induced crystallization. A parametric study, together with direct comparisons with recent poker-chip experiments on a silicone elastomer, show that these two different material characteristics have a profound impact on where and when cracks nucleate, as well as on where and when they propagate. In conjunction with the results put forth earlier for natural rubber, the results presented in this paper provide a complete description and explanation of the poker-chip experiments of elastomers at large. As a second objective, this paper also introduces a new fully explicit constitutive prescription for the driving force that describes the material strength in the fracture theory of Kumar, Francfort, and Lopez-Pamies.
Cylindrical compression of thin wires by irradiation with a Joule-class short pulse laser

Equation of state measurements at Jovian or stellar conditions are currently conducted by dynamic shock compression driven by multi-kilojoule multi-beam nanosecond-duration lasers. These experiments require precise design of the target and specific tailoring of the spatial and temporal laser profiles to reach the highest pressures. At the same time, the studies are limited by the low repetition rate of the lasers. Here, we show that by the irradiation of a thin wire with single beam Joule-class short-pulse laser, a converging cylindrical shock is generated compressing the wire material to conditions relevant for the above applications. The shockwave was observed using Phase Contrast Imaging employing a hard X-ray Free Electron Laser with unprecedented temporal and spatial sensitivity. The data collected for Cu wires is in agreement with hydrodynamic simulations of an ablative shock launched by a highly-impulsive and transient resistive heating of the wire surface. The subsequent cylindrical shockwave travels towards the wire axis and is predicted to reach a compression factor of 9 and pressures above 800 Mbar. Simulations for astrophysical relevant materials underline the potential of this compression technique as a new tool for high energy density studies at high repetition rates.
The Goodwillie calculus of polyhedral products

We describe the Goodwillie calculus of polyhedral products in the case that the fat wedge filtration on the associated real moment-angle complex is trivial. We do this by analysing the behaviour on calculus of the Denham-Suciu fibre sequence, the Iriye-Kishimoto decomposition of the polyhedral product constructed from a collection of pairs of cones and their bases, and the Hilton-Milnor decomposition. As a corollary we show that the Goodwillie calculus of these polyhedral products converges integrally and diverges in $v_h$-periodic homotopy unless the simplicial complex is a full simplex.
A Computational Model of the Electrically or Acoustically Evoked Compound Action Potential in Cochlear Implant Users with Residual Hearing

Objective: In cochlear implant (CI) users with residual acoustic hearing, compound action potentials (CAPs) can be evoked by acoustic or electric stimulation and recorded through the electrodes of the CI. We propose a novel computational model to simulate electrically and acoustically evoked CAPs in humans, taking into account the interaction between combined electric-acoustic stimulation that occurs at the level of the auditory nerve. Methods: The model consists of three components: a 3D finite element method model of an implanted cochlea, a phenomenological single-neuron spiking model for electric-acoustic stimulation, and a physiological multi-compartment neuron model to simulate the individual nerve fiber contributions to the CAP. Results: The CAP morphologies predicted for electric pulses and for acoustic clicks, chirps, and tone bursts closely resembled those known from humans. The spread of excitation derived from electrically evoked CAPs by varying the recording electrode along the CI electrode array was consistent with published human data. The predicted CAP amplitude growth functions for both electric and acoustic stimulation largely resembled human data, with deviations in absolute CAP amplitudes for acoustic stimulation. The model reproduced the suppression of electrically evoked CAPs by simultaneously presented acoustic tone bursts for different masker frequencies and probe stimulation electrodes. Conclusion: The proposed model can simulate CAP responses to electric, acoustic, or combined electric-acoustic stimulation. It takes into account the dependence on stimulation and recording sites in the cochlea, as well as the interaction between electric and acoustic stimulation. Significance: The model can be used in the future to investigate objective methods, such as hearing threshold assessment or estimation of neural health through electrically or acoustically evoked CAPs.
The Massless Dirac Equation in Three Dimensions: Dispersive estimates and zero energy obstructions

We investigate dispersive estimates for the massless three dimensional Dirac equation with a potential. In particular, we show that the Dirac evolution satisfies a $\langle t\rangle^{-1}$ decay rate as an operator from $L^1$ to $L^\infty$ regardless of the existence of zero energy eigenfunctions. We also show this decay rate may be improved to $\langle t\rangle ^{-1-\gamma}$ for any $0\leq \gamma<1/2$ at the cost of spatial weights. This estimate, along with the $L^2$ conservation law allows one to deduce a family of Strichartz estimates in the case of a threshold eigenvalue. We classify the structure of threshold obstructions as being composed of zero energy eigenfunctions. Finally, we show the Dirac evolution is bounded for all time with minimal requirements on the decay of the potential and smoothness of initial data.
Optimization of Sparse Convolution for 3D-Point Cloud on GPUs with CUDA

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the utilization of deep learning methods, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which have emerged as the dominant approach in various domains that involve structured grid data, such as picture analysis and processing. Nevertheless, the exponential growth in the utilization of LiDAR and 3D sensors across many domains has resulted in an increased need for the analysis of 3D point clouds. The utilization of 3D point clouds is crucial in various applications, including object recognition and segmentation, as they offer a spatial depiction of things within a three-dimensional environment. In contrast to photos, point clouds exhibit sparsity and lack a regular grid, hence posing distinct processing and computational issues.