Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CD4, CD20 and PD-L1 as Markers of Recurrence in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

Simple Summary BCG immunotherapy plays an important role in bladder cancer treatment. Unfortunately, we do not know how exactly the tumor microenvironment influences cancer cells and which cells have the most important impact on the outcome. The aim of the study was to assess how the components of the microenvironment affect tumor recurrence. We show that patients with intense CD4+ cell infiltration (>4.6%) or weak CD20+ cell infiltration (<10%), as well as patients with high PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (≥1%), could be characterized by a higher risk of recurrence. Our results provide data with potential clinical utility and may be essential for the assessment of tumor immunological status, which would be taken into account when selecting a follow-up and treatment strategy. Abstract Introduction: A tumor microenvironment plays an important role in bladder cancer development and in treatment response. Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess how the components of the microenvironment affect tumor recurrence and to find the potential biomarkers for immunotherapy in NMIBC. Methods: The study group consisted of 55 patients with primary NMIBC. Immunohistochemistry was performed on sections of primary papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Cox proportional hazard multiple regression analysis was performed to characterize tumors with the highest probability of an unfavorable outcome. Results: Multivariate analysis confirmed that the CD4 (p = 0.001), CD20 (p = 0.008) and PD-L1 expressed on tumor cells (p = 0.01) were independently associated with the risk of recurrence of bladder cancer. Patients with weak CD4+ cell infiltration (<4.6%) and severe CD20+ infiltration (>10%) belong to the group with a lower risk of recurrence. The cancer in this group also frequently recurs after 12 months (p = 0.0005). Conclusions: The evaluation of CD4+ and CD20+ cells in the tumor microenvironment, in addition to PD-L1 on tumor cells, facilitates the determination of a group of patients with a low risk of recurrence.
Patterns of Drug Utilization and Self-Medication Practices: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Self-medication (SM) is a growing phenomenon worldwide that has recently been classified as one of the most serious public health problems. SM can result in an incorrect self-diagnosis, inappropriate treatment, potential adverse reactions, interactions, and the masking of more sinister disease. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of SM practices amongst healthcare professionals and the general population in Saudi Arabia and to identify the sociodemographic contributing factors to this practice. Methods: A total of 540 participants were enrolled in this study. Participants were asked to complete the study questionnaire comprising two sections to gather demographic information and to collect data regarding SM practice. Results: The prevalence of SM practice among the study participants was 78.6%, and it was the highest among the middle age groups of (21–40 years) 82% compared to the younger and older age groups. The observed prevalence was higher in the female participants (53.7%) and those who live alone. Type of education did not affect the attitude of SM (p = 0.374); however, level of education strongly affected the prevalence of the SM, with higher incidence among university graduates (p < 0.001). Analgesics with antipyretics properties were the most self-medicated drugs. Patients considering their illnesses minor was the main reason behind the high prevalence of this practice. Among healthcare professions the highest prevalence of SM was found among pharmacists (95%), followed by physicians, nurses, and other medical practitioners. Conclusion: The general population should be better educated and made conscious about the consequences, risks, and side effects of SM. Awareness campaigns may prove to be useful in this matter, allowing the patient to consider the appropriateness of this practice. Individuals in the age group of 21–40 years, females, and those who live alone should be considered priority target populations in the design and implementation of SM awareness projects.
Numerical analyses on the failure of deep mixing columns reinforced by a shallow mixing layer

Soil cement mixing by deep mixing technique is used as a soft soil improvement method. Deep mixing columns are widely used to support embankment constructed on a soft ground area. In order to applying this improvement method, the failure pattern of group column type improvement should be analyzed. Researches on the failure pattern of columns are done by some authors when the columns individually fail. Due to individual failure of columns under loading, a layer of shallow mixing layer is proposed to reinforce individual columns working as a group in order to increase the stability as well as loading capacity of columned improved area. This research focuses on the failure pattern of group of columns which are fixed by the shallow mixing layer under embankment. By comparing to failure mechanism of individual columns, the effect of shallow mixing layer on failure pattern of deep mixing columns is also discussed. Finite element method is used for this analysis with Plaxis code under plain strain condition. The effect of thickness of shallow mixing layer on reducing horizontal displacement of embankment is various with different values of strength and stiffness of cement mixing area which is discussed in this research.
Religion and Morality

The relationship between religion and morality has long been hotly debated. Does religion make us more moral? Is it necessary for morality? Do moral inclinations emerge independently of religious intuitions? These debates, which nowadays rumble on in scientific journals as well as in public life, have frequently been marred by a series of conceptual confusions and limitations. Many scientific investigations have failed to decompose “religion” and “morality” into theoretically grounded elements; have adopted parochial conceptions of key concepts—in particular, sanitized conceptions of “prosocial” behavior; and have neglected to consider the complex interplay between cognition and culture. We argue that to make progress, the categories “religion” and “morality” must be fractionated into a set of biologically and psychologically cogent traits, revealing the cognitive foundations that shape and constrain relevant cultural variants. We adopt this fractionating strategy, setting out an encompassing evolutionary framework within which to situate and evaluate relevant evidence. Our goals are twofold: to produce a detailed picture of the current state of the field, and to provide a road map for future research on the relationship between religion and morality.
High-resolution nitrogen and phosphorus emission inventories of Lake Dianchi Watershed

The enrichments of nitrogen and phosphorous and their interactions with phytoplankton dynamics could be one of substantial reasons for water-quality deterioration and aquatic ecosystems degeneration.However,previous inventories were unable to identify spatial heterogeneity of the emissions and to support the numerical simulation of transport and fate of the nutrients.High-resolution emission inventories of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) was then compiled in GIS platform for Lake Dianchi Watershed on 110 sub-watersheds(~5 km × 5 km),including industries,municipal sewage,urban stormwater and agricultural pollution sources.N and P emissions were estimated by updating the emission factors and activity data by in-site experiments and enhanced observations.The results revealed that total N and P emissions in Lake Dianchi Watershed were approximately 10736 t and 542 t in 2008,respectively,with municipal sewage the largest emission source(72.7% of N and 42.8% of P). Spatial heterogeneities of N and P emissions were obvious.The mean N and P emission rates at sub-watershed scale were(97.6±291.7) t and(4.93±11.8) t,respectively.Around 70% of total N emissions were contributed from ten sub-watersheds(16.2% of total area),and around 70% of total P emissions were contributed from 21 sub-watersheds(37.9% of total area). Similarly,the emission pattern of each pollution source was heterogeneous.The largest pollution sources for nitrogen were municipal sewage and agricultural cropland in northern part and the sub-watersheds along the watershed boundary,while other sources dominated in eastern,southern and western parts.The heterogeneity of pollution sources for phosphorous was even higher.This high-resolution N and P emission inventories were useful in characterizing the type,pattern and size of pollution control and prevention in future.
Arabic stance detection of COVID-19 vaccination using transformer-based approaches: a comparison study

PurposeAutomatically extracting stance information from natural language texts is a significant research problem with various applications, particularly after the recent explosion of data on the internet via platforms like social media sites. Stance detection system helps determine whether the author agree, against or has a neutral opinion with the given target. Most of the research in stance detection focuses on the English language, while few research was conducted on the Arabic language.Design/methodology/approachThis paper aimed to address stance detection on Arabic tweets by building and comparing different stance detection models using four transformers, namely: Araelectra, MARBERT, AraBERT and Qarib. Using different weights for these transformers, the authors performed extensive experiments fine-tuning the task of stance detection Arabic tweets with the four different transformers.FindingsThe results showed that the AraBERT model learned better than the other three models with a 70% F1 score followed by the Qarib model with a 68% F1 score.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation of this study is the imbalanced dataset and the limited availability of annotated datasets of SD in Arabic.Originality/valueProvide comprehensive overview of the current resources for stance detection in the literature, including datasets and machine learning methods used. Therefore, the authors examined the models to analyze and comprehend the obtained findings in order to make recommendations for the best performance models for the stance detection task.
Historical pan evaporation changes in the Qiantang River Basin, East China

Pan evaporation (Epa) has been decreasing in many regions of the world in the past decades. Analysis of the changes in Epa helps to understand the variation of vapour in the hydrological cycle and the impact of climate change on Epa. This study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal trends in Epa and analyse the causes of Epa variation in the Qiantang River Basin, East China. A self‐organizing map neural network is first applied to classify the 40 hydrological stations. Based on the clustering results, a trend‐free pre‐whitening Mann–Kendall test is then used to investigate the historical trends in Epa based on more than 50 years of monthly observations. Finally, sensitivity analysis is conducted for evaluating the relationship between Epa and five climate variables and for investigating the causes of changes in Epa using a global, variance‐based method. It is found that the hydrological stations located in this basin can be classified into six sub‐areas and the Epa trends vary substantially at six sub‐areas. Generally, there is a decreasing trend of Epa in a majority of months in all sub‐areas except one and the most significant decreases occur in summer. The results of sensitivity analysis reveal that Epa is more sensitive to solar radiation, followed by minimum air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and maximum air temperature. The contribution of interactions between different climate variables to the variation of Epa cannot be ignored in some specific stations. Overall, the change of Epa is mainly due to the decrease of solar radiation. This study provides an in‐depth understanding of the causes of Epa variation and valuable information for sustainable water and crop management in this region.
Comparative Evaluation of Intraarticular Facet Joint Injection Versus Medial Branch Block in Patients With Low Back Pain: A Randomised Controlled Study

Introduction: Lumbar facet joint pain may refer to the back, buttocks, and proximal parts of the lower extremities. Intraarticular facet joint injections, facet joint nerve blocks, or facet joint neurolytic procedures are popular for the management of facet joint pain. Material and methods: In this prospective, randomised study, 60 patients with a medical evaluation and pain pattern consistent with lumbar facet joint pain were randomly allocated to two groups. Group Ⅰ (n=30) patients were administered fluoroscope-guided lumbar facet joint injection, and group Ⅱ (n=30) patients were administered fluoroscope-guided lumbar facet joint nerve block. The primary objective is to compare the efficacy of both in managing facet joint pain in terms of pain and disability improvement. Secondary objectives were to compare the requirement for repeat injections and parameters related to the block, such as ease of administering the block, and to note the side effects pertaining to either of the blocks. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in pain score after injection in both groups (p>0.05). The mean pain score in both groups remained less than two at all time intervals throughout the study period (p>0.05) Excellent patient satisfaction was reported by the majority of the patients at different time intervals in both groups. Conclusion: Both lumbar facet joint injection and lumbar facet joint nerve block are safe and effective techniques for managing lower back pain patients. Both techniques provide adequate pain relief and disability improvement.
MODELING OF MATERNAL MORTALITY (MMR) IN EAST JAVA 2017-2019 USING PANEL REGRESSION APPROACH

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR), is a country's welfare indicator especially about the women's health. It is included in the development index and the quality of life index. The determinants of maternal mortality are elements that collectively cause maternal mortality. This quantitative research used secondary data on MMR and its influencing factors in East Java Province during the 2017-2019 period and the analysis of the panel data used regression. The trend of Maternal mortality in East Java Province has decreased from year to year; in 2019, it was 89.81 per 100,000 live births. The variable pregnant women using blood-added pills (X1) with a probability value of 0.020 (p<0.05) is found to significantly affected the maternal mortality in the panel regression analysis utilizing the Random Effect Model. The Random Effect Model, which this study found to be the best, contains the model equation Yit = 225.7721 - 1.919457 X1it and the administration of blood-added pills is the variable that significantly affects maternal mortality. The results of this study indicate the need for educational efforts, especially regarding to the benefits of blood-added pills for pregnant women and to correct the misunderstanding about the benefits of blood-added pills in the community, so that the coverage of blood supplement consumption in pregnant women can be increased. Together with the primary health care system and obstetricians, an integrative approach and counseling among pregnant women and their partners will increase awareness of maternity health and birth management.
Health effects of walking to transit

Post-industrial society is centered on sedentary lifestyles. This has caused obesity rates to rise and related health problems to amplify. Obesity is only one result of sedentary life, but it is a sufficient indicator of physical activity. However, regions of the US with more effective transit systems are less susceptible to obesity because their residents walk more by going to transit. The health benefits of walking to transit are quantified. While walking to transit, riders burn calories, which controls body weight, and the physical activity makes them more healthy. This healthiness is reflected in an improved quality of life. When people are physically active, they have less absenteeism at work, are more productive, and their employers pay less for health insurance.
Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: How Ankle Brachial Index Can Be Usefull?

Background: Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face a significantly higher mortality risk compared to the general population, primarily due to elevated rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Detecting cardiovascular disease at its preclinical stage is essential for effective primary prevention in this relatively young population. This study aims to assess the link between steno-risk and subclinical atherosclerotic disease, as detected by the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI), in T1D patients and determine the prevalence of these abnormalities among them. Methods: A cohort of 312 adults with T1D (151 males and 161 females, mean age 31 ± 12 years) was examined. Patients were categorized based on their ABI values (ABI < 0.9 indicating peripheral arterial disease (PAD), ABI ≥ 1.3 indicating arterial calcification (AC), and ABI between 0.9 and 1.3 indicating normal ABI). The study analyzed the relationship between ABI anomalies and cardiovascular risk factors and their association with the steno-risk category. Results: Among the patients, 138 (44.2%) had a normal ABI, 112 (35.9%) had PAD, and 62 (19.9%) had AC. AC was more prevalent in men than in women (p = 0.006). A family history of stroke was common in both the PAD and AC groups (p = 0.042 and p = 0.046, respectively). Patients with AC were often older (36 ± 13 vs. 30 ± 12; P = .012), had a longer duration of diabetes (20 ± 11 vs. 14 ± 9; P < 0.001), a higher prevalence of hypertension (25.8% vs. 14.5%, P = 0.05), and a higher prevalence of smoking (19.3% vs. 9.4%, P = 0.046). A higher number of subjects with AC were found in the Steno-Risk 10–20% and Steno-Risk ≥20% categories compared to the Steno-Risk < 10% (37.5 vs. 15.5; 29 vs. 15.5, p = 0.0106, respectively). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that an ABI > 1.30 is more common in older patients with type 1 diabetes and is associated with a longer duration of diabetes, male gender, smoking, hypertension, and a family history of stroke. Furthermore, an ABI > 1.30, indicating arterial calcification, is significantly linked to moderate and high cardiovascular risk assessed by steno-risk in patients with type 1 diabetes. The ABI may serve as a straightforward tool for screening atherosclerosis in T1D.
Noise Model Establishment and Analysis of IGS Reference Station Coordinate Time Series inside China

Focusing on the coordinate time series of 11 IGS reference stations in China mainland and Taiwan region during period of 1995 to 2010 under ITRF2005,noise analysis has been implemented using different noise model combination.Meanwhile,impacts of different surface mass loadings on station displacement have been calculated,such as atmospheric pressure loading,nontidal ocean loading,snow depth and soil moisture loading.From these analyses,optimal noise models of different station components before and after surface mass loading correction have been obtained.Conclusion is drawn that noise model of IGS station coordinate time series in China represent diversity characteristics with different noise feature among different components,mainly behaving as flicker noise plus white noise model as well as band pass plus power law plus white noise model.Other complicated noise models also account for a certain proportion,which is different from the existing results.Furthermore,relationship has been analyzed quantitatively among noise model,surface mass loading together with station's linear velocity and its uncertainty respectively.It is found that different complicated noise models would influence station's linear velocity and its uncertainty with maximum discrepancy larger than 1 mm/a.Besides,the calculated four kinds of surface mass loading could introduce noise changes mainly representing as band pass and random walk characteristics.
On the Convergence of critical points of the Ambrosio-Tortorelli functional

This work is devoted to study the asymptotic behavior of critical points $\{(u_\varepsilon,v_\varepsilon)\}_{\varepsilon>0}$ of the Ambrosio-Tortorelli functional. Under a uniform energy bound assumption, the usual $\Gamma$-convergence theory ensures that $(u_\varepsilon,v_\varepsilon)$ converges in the $L^2$-sense to some $(u_*,1)$ as $\varepsilon\to 0$, where $u_*$ is a special function of bounded variation. Assuming further the Ambrosio-Tortorelli energy of $(u_\varepsilon,v_\varepsilon)$ to converge to the Mumford-Shah energy of $u_*$, the later is shown to be a critical point with respect to inner variations of the Mumford-Shah functional. As a byproduct, the second inner variation is also shown to pass to the limit. To establish these convergence results, interior ($\mathscr{C}^\infty$) regularity and boundary regularity for Dirichlet boundary conditions are first obtained for a fixed parameter $\varepsilon>0$. The asymptotic analysis is then performed by means of varifold theory in the spirit of scalar phase transition problems.
Antibacterial protein fraction derived from Streptomyces fradiae against septicemia infection in Labeorohita: Breakthrough in marine drug discovery

The aquaculture sector continues to be an essential source of food, revenue, nutrition, and a means of subsistence for numerous people globally. Intensive aquaculture in a confined region induces environmental stress in farmed fish, which indirectly increases their vulnerability to many diseases. Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio harveyi are the causative bacterial pathogens for septicemia, the most prevalent and commonly seen illness. Disease outbreaks result in a rise in mortality or a decrease in the quality of the meat, consequently inflicting substantial economic losses to carp production. In contrast, the continual use of antibiotics for infection management has contributed to the proliferation of drug-resistant bacteria in aquatic environments. In this context, marine actinobacteria are emerging as possible sources of new secondary metabolites to combat the problem. Actinobacteria are undoubtedly the most prolific producers of secondary metabolites, and they comprise several commercially and biotechnologically significant species. In this investigation, marine actinobacteria were isolated and evaluated for their antibacterial effectiveness against septicemia pathogens. Effective strains were identified as Nocardiopsis sp. , Streptomyces sp. , and Pseudonocardia sp. Candidate strains culture filtrates were treated with acetone to precipitate complete proteins. The antibacterial and anti-quorum sensing properties of the crude protein against A. hydrophila MTCC 1739 and P. aeruginosa MTCC 9425 were also examined using the agar well diffusion method. In addition, in vivo investigations of the low molecular weight fraction on Labeorohita demonstrated the fraction's efficacy in reducing septicemia infection. After the 8th day of bathing, fish were found to have recovered.
Efficacy of PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor therapy in melanoma and beyond: are peripheral T cell phenotypes the key?

Summary Immunotherapy treatment strategies have proven effective in a limited portion of patients, where identifying responders from non-responders to treatment remains a challenge. While some indications can be drawn from invasive biopsies, we need more accessible methods for predicting response and better correlates of response prior to starting therapy. Recent work has identified differences in immune composition at baseline in peripheral blood from melanoma patients responding to PD-1 blockade treatment. Through flow cytometric analysis of T cell receptors, phenotypical features of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and Tregs could allow for the stratification of treatment response. Analysing T cells within peripheral blood could potentially allow for the stratification of PD-1 treatment response prior to therapy in different cancer settings.