Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Combined Effects of Participatory Styles of Elderly Patients and Their Physicians on Satisfaction

Objectives. To test whether concordance or discordance of patient participation between patients and physicians is associated with higher satisfaction, and to examine the effects of patients’ and physicians’ participatory styles on patients’ satisfaction with their physicians. Data. Data collected in the Texas Tech 5000 Survey of elderly patients in West Texas were used. Patient satisfaction with their physicians was measured by a single item from the Consumer Assessment of Health Plans (CAHPS), representing patients’ ratings of their physicians. Patient participation was measured by an index derived from a three-item instrument and physicians’ participatory decision-making (PDM) style was measured by a three-item instrument developed by the Medical Outcomes Study. Methods. An ordered logit multivariate regression was usedtoinvestigate theeffects of patients’ and physicians’ participatory styles on satisfaction with physicians. The interaction between patients’ participation and physicians’ participatory styles was also included to examine the dependency of the two variables. Results. Controlling for confounding factors, a higher PDM score was associated with a higher rating of patient satisfaction with physicians. A higher patient participation score was related to a lower physician satisfaction rating. The combined effect of patients’ and physicians’ participation styles indicated that for a low patient participation score, a high PDM score was not needed to produce high satisfaction. The greater the discordance in this direction, the higher the satisfaction. However, with a high patient participation score, only an extremely high PDM score would produce relatively high satisfaction. Conclusions. The current study supports the discordance hypothesis. Participatory physicians and patient–physician communications concerning patient participation can promote higher satisfaction.
Collision-induced dissociation of phenethylamides: role of ion-neutral complex

RATIONALE— Phenethylamides are a large group of naturally occurring molecules found both in the plant and animal kingdoms. In addition, they are used as intermediates for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important dihydro- and tetrahydroisoquinolines. To enable efficient characterization of this class of molecules, a detailed mass spectrometric fragmentation study of a broad series of analogs was carried out. METHODS— The test compounds were synthesized using standard methods for amide bond formation. Low energy high resolution tandem mass spectra were acquired on a hybrid quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometer using positive ion electrospray ionization. RESULTS— A total of 26 analogs were investigated in the study. Fragmentation of phenethylamides was found to proceed via intermediate ion-neutral complexes. The complexes can break down via multiple pathways including dissociation, proton transfer, Friedel-Crafts acylation, and single electron transfer. The relative contribution of each of these pathways strongly depends on the structure of the coupling amine and acid. CONCLUSIONS— A general scheme for the fragmentation of phenethylamides was developed. This study further extends the knowledge base of the ion-neutral complex by discovering Friedel-Crafts acylation as a novel reaction. The strong influence of minor structural modifications on the fragmentation patterns highlights the importance of testing many analogs in order to fully predict a fragmentation pattern of a particular class of molecules.
The RNA-binding Protein Fragile X-related 1 Regulates Somite Formation in Xenopus laevis □ D

Fragile X-related 1 protein (FXR1P) is a member of a small family of RNA-binding proteins that includes the Fragile X mental retardation 1 protein (FMR1P) and the Fragile X-related 2 protein (FXR2P). These proteins are thought to transport mRNA and to control their translation. While FMR1P is highly expressed in neurons, substantial levels of FXR1P are found in striated muscles and heart, which are devoid of FMRP and FXR2P. However, little is known about the functions of FXR1P. We have isolated cDNAs for Xenopus Fxr1 and found that two speciﬁc splice variants are conserved in evolution. Knockdown of xFxr1p in Xenopus had highly muscle-speciﬁc effects, normal MyoD expression being disrupted, somitic myotomal cell rotation and segmentation being inhibited, and dermatome formation being abnormal. Consistent with the absence of the long muscle-speciﬁc xFxr1p isoform during early somite formation, these effects could be rescued by both the long and short mRNA variants. Microarray analyses showed that xFxr1p depletion affected the expression of 129 known genes of which 50% were implicated in muscle and nervous system formation. These studies shed signiﬁcant new light on Fxr1p function(s).
Non-convulsive Seizure in Patients Presenting with Altered Mental Status: An Evidence-based Review

Definitive diagnosis of non-convulsive seizure (NCS) can be made only by EEG, and delay in diagnosis can increase morbidity, resource utilization, and length of hospitalization. We performed an evidence-based literature review to estimate the prevalence of NCS in patients with altered mental status (AMS) of unknown cause. PUBMED, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and other resources were searched for studies that included AMS and seizure as topics. The resulting 276 articles were screened for predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, leaving five studies enrolling 478 patients for review. The prevalence of NCS in AMS patients ranged from 8% to 30% (overall prevalence of 21.5%; 95%CI, 18%–25%), suggesting that the prevalence of NCS is sufficiently high to consider routine use of urgent EEG in such patients. However, methodological weaknesses limit the generalizability of the results. A large, prospective study enrolling and screening for NCS all patients who present with acute AMS is needed.
Quality of Life Outcomes for Depressed and Non-Depressed Older Adults in Community Long Term Care

Structured Abstract Objective— To compare outcomes of mortality, institutionalization, physical and mental quality of life, overall life satisfaction, and satisfaction with living arrangements, for depressed and non-depressed clients after one-year of community long-term care (CLTC) services. Design— Prospective cohort study with repeated assessments at 6 and 12 months. Setting— A publicly-funded CLTC agency that coordinates in-home care such as meal delivery, personal care and nursing care to functionally disabled and low income adults throughout a Midwestern State. Participants— Adults 60 years and older, starting CLTC services with minimal or no cognitive impairment (n=551). Measurements— Outcomes included the Medical Outcome Study's Short-Form (SF-8) for physical and mental quality of life and single-items for life satisfaction and satisfaction with living arrangements. Diagnostic Interview Schedule and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale determined clients' depression status. Results— Depressed clients (n = 266) had significantly worse scores for all outcomes than non-depressed clients (n = 285), but mortality and institutionalization were not significantly related to depression. Depression was significantly associated with more positive change in mental health (mean change: depressed group = 4.60, S.D. = 14.0; non-depressed group = -1.50, S.D. =11.2) and overall life satisfaction (mean change: depressed group = 0.10, S.D. = 1.1; non-depressed group = -0.10, S.D. = 0.8). Conclusion— After one year of CLTC services, depressed clients experienced more improvement in quality of life and life satisfaction, their outcomes remained significantly lower depressed clients. Depression was consistently and negatively associated with quality of life and satisfaction outcomes. and
Prosody and Syntax in Sign Languages 1

Prosody and syntax are intimately related but, as in romance, intimacy only happens between two separate entities. Sign languages present a particularly interesting domain for considering the relationship between prosody and syntax, in part because a consensus has not yet been reached on where to draw the line between the two. In a language modality that affords the use of a multitude of articulators on different parts of the body, it should not be surprising that sorting out the whole system is a non-trivial endeavour, resulting in certain indeterminacies. And an innocent romp through the literature reveals that one linguist’s syntax may be another linguist’s prosody and vice versa. The very fact that there are unresolved ambiguities here shows how closely linked prosody and syntax can be. This article makes an attempt to articulate the prosodic component in these visual languages, and to draw the lines more clearly where possible, laying some groundwork for future enquiry. A distinction is drawn between two approaches to the interpretation of certain ubiquitous facial expressions in sign languages -a direct syntax approach and a prosodic approach – and the latter will be supported here.
The Prevalence of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Population Based Study in County, MN

Background— Diabetic cardiomyopathy defined as either systolic or diastolic dysfunction in otherwise healthy diabetic persons is not clearly understood. The prevalence and outcomes of this disease in a community-based population have not been defined. Methods— Cross-sectional survey of 2,042 randomly selected residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, aged 45 years or older from June 1997 through September 2000. All patients underwent Doppler echocardiographic assessment of systolic and diastolic function. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was defined in a person with diabetes and any systolic or at least moderate diastolic dysfunction without a history of coronary disease, hypertension, significant valvular disease or congenital heart disease. Results— The diagnosis of diabetic cardiomyopathy was made in 23 persons, corresponding to a community population prevalence rate of 1.1%. Among diabetic patients, 16.9% met criteria for diabetic cardiomyopathy, and 54.4% had diastolic dysfunction. Diabetes was associated with a 1.9 fold increase in risk of any left ventricular dysfunction, a 1.7 fold increase in risk of diastolic dysfunction, and a 2.2 fold increase in risk of systolic dysfunction. Among subjects with diabetic cardiomyopathy, the cumulative probability of death was 18%, development of heart failure was 22%, and development of death or heart failure was 31% at 9 years. Conclusion— Diabetic cardiomyopathy common the community with a of 1.1%. The co-morbidities analyses
Prognostic Signiﬁcance of p16 INK4A and Human Papillomavirus in Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancer Treated on TROG 02.02 Phase III Trial

Purpose To determine the prognostic importance of p16 and human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients with oropharyngeal cancer treated on a phase III concurrent chemoradiotherapy trial. Patients with stage III or IV head and neck squamous cell cancer were randomly assigned to concurrent radiotherapy and cisplatin with or without tirapazamine. In this substudy, analyses were restricted to patients with oropharyngeal cancer. p16 was detected by immunohistochemistry, and HPV was detected by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. Results Slides were available for p16 assay in 206 of 465 patients, of which 185 were eligible, and p16 and HPV were evaluable in 172 patients. One hundred six (57%) of 185 were p16-positive, and in patients evaluable for both p16 and HPV, 88 (86%) of 102 p16-positive patients were also HPV-positive. Patients who were p16-positive had lower T and higher N categories and better Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status. p16-positive tumors compared with p16-negative tumors were associated with better 2-year overall survival (91% v 74%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.36; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.74; P (cid:1) . 004) and failure-free survival (87% v 72%; HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.74; P (cid:1) . 003). p16 was a signiﬁcant prognostic factor on multivariable analysis (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.96; P (cid:1) . 04). p16-positive patients had lower rates of locoregional failure and deaths due to other causes. There was a trend favoring the tirapazamine arm for improved locoregional control in p16-negative patients (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.09 to 1.24; P (cid:1) . 13). Conclusion HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer is a distinct entity with a favorable prognosis compared with HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer when treated with cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy.
Single-Stage Boost-Integrated Full-Bridge Converter With Simultaneous MPPT, Wide DC Motor Speed Range, and Current Ripple Reduction

This paper presents a new approach to controlling and optimizing a single-stage boost-integrated full-bridge dc–dc converter for a stand-alone photovoltaic-battery-powered dc motor system by combining pulse-frequency modulation (PFM), pulsewidth modulation (PWM), and phase angle shift (PAS). Unlike most of the existing multiport dc–dc converters, which aim at regulating the output voltage (first- or second-quadrant operation), the dc motor load requires both voltage and current reversals (four-quadrant operation). The converter is able to perform three tasks simultaneously: maximum power point tracking (MPPT), battery charging/discharging, and driving the dc motor at variable speeds including bidirectional and stall motions. To achieve these control objectives, the boost inductor and the motor inductance operate in different modes such that PFM and PWM can be used to achieve MPPT and a wide motor voltage range, respectively. By properly adjusting the PAS of the duty cycles, the capacitor and battery rms current value can be reduced, while the operation of the converter remains unchanged, hence improving the conversion efficiency. Experimental results of a 26-W laboratory prototype converter confirmed the proposed design and operation and the efficiency improvement by 2–6%.
Age-Related Heterogeneity in Dental Caries and Associated Risk Factors in Cystic Fibrosis: A Pilot Study

Background. — Literature conflicts regarding dental caries risk in cystic fibrosis (CF) relative to controls. Methods. — Prospective, observational study of age-related heterogeneity in caries rates and potential risk factors in CF patients ages 6–20 at a single clinic in Washington state (N=85). Caries rates for enrolled CF participants and historical controls from NHANES were compared using cubic spline regression models. Generalized linear regression models identified correlates of age and caries within CF. Results. — Children ages 6–9 with CF had significantly lower caries than controls (Holm’s P<0.05). There was no difference for ages 10–20 by CF status (Holm’s P>0.05). Eight biological/ intraoral, medical, and behavioral factors were associated Conclusions. — Younger children with CF may be protected from caries, but there is apparent loss of protection in early adolescence associated with multiple risk factors. Additional research is needed to elucidate the oral-systemic relationship in individuals with CF.
Simulation and optimisation of an astrophotonic reformatter

Image slicing is a powerful technique in astronomy. It allows the instrument designer to reduce the slit width of the spectrograph, increasing spectral resolving power whilst retaining throughput. Conventionally this is done using bulk optics, such as mirrors and prisms, however, more recently astrophotonic components known as photonic lanterns and photonic reformatters have also been used. These devices reformat the multimode input light from a telescope into single-mode outputs, which can then be re-arranged to suit the spectrograph. The photonic dicer (PD) is one such device, designed to reduce the dependence of spectrograph size on telescope aperture and eliminate modal noise. We simulate the PD, by optimizing the throughput and geometrical design using SOAPY and BEAMPROP. The simulated device shows a transmission between 8 and 20 per cent, depending upon the type of adaptive optics correction applied, matching the experimental results well. We also investigate our idealized model of the PD and show that the barycentre of the slit varies only slightly with time, meaning that the modal noise contribution is very low when compared to conventional fibre systems. We further optimize our model device for both higher throughput and reduced modal noise. This device improves throughput by 6.4 per cent and reduces the movement of the slit output by 50 per cent, further improving stability. This shows the importance of properly simulating such devices, including atmospheric effects. Our work complements recent work in the field and is essential for optimizing future photonic reformatters.
Isw2 regulates gene silencing at the ribosomal DNA locus in S. cerevisiae

Three heterochromatin-like domains have been identified in S. cerevisiae that are refractory to transcription by Pol II, the silent mating-type loci, telomeres and the ribosomal DNA. Previous work has shown that chromatin remodelers can regulate silent chromatin. Here, we report the findings of an investigation into the role of ISW2 in transcriptional silencing at the rDNA. We show that the levels of retrotransposition and mRNA from a genetically marked Ty1 element located in the rDNA were increased significantly in isw2 Δ cells, while transcript levels from Ty1 elements outside of the rDNA were not increased in cells lacking ISW2 . Additionally, we show that Isw2 is not required for silencing at a telomere. Our findings demonstrate that Isw2 is required for transcriptional silencing at the rDNA and emphasize the differences in the regulation of transcriptional silencing at silent loci in S. cerevisiae . cells were analyzed to evaluate silencing of a URA3 reporter gene at a telomere. Five microliters of 10-fold serial dilutions of stationary phase cultures were spotted to SC (upper) and SC +5FOA (lower) media.
Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder: Monoamines, Neuropeptides, and Neurotrophins Enhancement of Treatment Response in Depression in the Primary Care Setting

Abbreviations: CRH = corticotropin-releasing hormone, ECT = electroconvulsive therapy, 5-HT = serotonin, NE = norepinephrine, NRI = norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, PFC = prefrontal cortex, SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
Correlates of HIV Testing among Rural African American Cocaine Users

Andersen's Revised Behavioral Model of Health Services Use (RBM) was used as a framework in this correlational cross-sectional study to examine factors associated with HIV testing among a sample of 251 rural African American cocaine users. All participants reported using cocaine and being sexually active within the past 30 days. Independent variables were categorized according to the RBM as predisposing, enabling, need, or health behavior factors. Number of times tested for HIV (never, one time, two to four times, five or more times) was the outcome of interest. In ordered logistic regression analyses, HIV testing was strongly associated with being female, of younger age (predisposing factors); having been tested for sexually transmitted diseases or hepatitis, ever having been incarcerated in jail or prison (enabling factors); and having had one sex partner the past 30 days (health behavior factor). Other sexual risk behaviors, drug use, health status, and perception of risk were not associated with HIV testing. Our findings confirm the importance of routine testing in all healthcare settings rather than risk-based testing.
Increased Consumption but not Operant Self-Administration of Ethanol in Mice Lacking the RII β Subunit of Protein Kinase A (PKA)

Background— Accumulating evidence indicates that cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is involved in the neurobiological responses to ethanol. Previous reports indicate that mice lacking the RII β subunit of PKA (RII β − / − ) voluntarily consume more ethanol than wild-type controls (RII β +/+ ) using two-bottle testing procedures. While such procedures primarily measure consummatory behavior, operant self-administration procedures allow analysis of consummatory as well as appetitive or “ethanol-seeking” behavior (i.e., lever pressing is required to gain access to the ethanol solution). Therefore, we determined if the high ethanol consumption characteristic of RII β − / − mice would be complimented by increased appetitive ethanol-seeking behavior in an operant paradigm. Methods— RII β − / − (n=8) and RII β +/+ (n=8) mice were initially sucrose-faded until they were lever responding for non-sweetened ethanol (10, 14, and 18%). Following the self-administration testing, RII β +/+ and RII β − / − mice were given access to 2 bottles, one containing water and the other ethanol to replicate the voluntary ethanol drinking data previously from our laboratory. Finally, immediately after voluntary consumption all mice were again tested for self-administration of 10% ethanol. Alterations in the reinforcement schedule were also explored as RII β +/+ and RII β − / − mice were tested for self-administration of 10% ethanol at FR-3 and FR-5 schedules. Results— The RII β − / − mice displayed lower operant responding for ethanol and food reinforcement compared to RII β +/+ controls. However, this effect was driven by a significant increase in lever responses made by female RII β +/+ mice. When the excessive lever responses of the female RII β +/+ mice are accounted for, the RII β − / − mice show ethanol lever responses comparable to controls. Following operant self-administration testing, RII β − / − mice of both sexes consumed more ethanol solution compared to RII β +/+ mice during two-bottle testing. Conclusions— Increased ingestion of ethanol by RII β − / − mice is likely the result of altered PKA activity within neuronal pathways that control ethanol consummatory behaviors. On the other hand, the RII β subunit of PKA appears to not play a critical role in neuronal pathways that regulate appetitive behaviors directed at obtaining ethanol. Finally, increased operant self-administration of food and ethanol by female wild-type mice was absent in female RII β − / − mice, suggesting that normal PKA signaling may be part of a general, and sex-dependent, mechanism involved with reinforcement-seeking behavior. and RII β − / − mice. Phase 3: Operant responding for ethanol in RII β +/+ and RII β − / − mice following homecage access.
Persistent current and dynamic localization conditions in L-ring circuits

Using suitable magnetic flux operators established in terms of discrete derivatives leads to quantum-mechanical descriptions of LC-circuits with an external time dependent periodic voltage. This leads to second order discrete Schrödinger equations provided by discretization conditions of the electric charge. Neglecting the capacitance leads to a simplified description of the L-ring circuit threaded by a related time dependent magnetic flux. The equivalence with electrons moving on one dimensional (1D) lattices under the influence of time dependent electric fields can then be readily established. This opens the way to derive dynamic localization conditions serving to applications in several areas, like the time dependent electron transport in quantum wires or the generation of higher harmonics by 1D conductors. Such conditions, which can be viewed as an exact generalization of the ones derived before by Dunlap and Kenkre [Phys. Rev. B 34, 3625(1986)], proceed in terms of zero values of time averages of related persistent currents over one period.