Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk perception and social vulnerability to earthquakes in Grenoble (French Alps)

The city of Grenoble (French Alps) is characterized by a rather low seismicity as well as a tectonic context prone to the occurrence of major earthquakes (M = 6). The population is therefore not used to experiencing earthquakes: this can lead to a low culture of risk, which may imply a rather high vulnerability of the population. Consequently, it is necessary to better evaluate vulnerability and to find ways of reducing it. Social vulnerability is usually evaluated through surveys focusing on residential population. When these studies are carried out by geographers, they sometimes take into account a spatial dimension by mapping the results. Here, a temporal dimension is also integrated and residents as well as users of the city, i.e. users with any activity as working, shopping, having leisure time, etc. are surveyed. The method consists in building a social and spatial representative sample through three dimensions: social (age), temporal (hour of the day) and spatial (place of residence or activity). For this reason the household travel survey was used to build the sample. The risk perception survey shows that only 16% of the sample feel exposed to earthquakes. The youngest, most qualified, the students and working people seem to better know the adequate safety measures to be taken in case of an earthquake. Besides classic statistical analyses, the answers to the questionnaire were synthesized into a vulnerability index. Once more, the most qualified are characterized by a lower vulnerability. The cartography of the survey results provides interesting conclusions for authorities in charge of risk mitigation, who could then concentrate their preventive information campaign on certain districts or social groups. Among other conclusions, these maps highlight the gap between the physical vulnerability of buildings and the confidence of the population in their resistance in case of an earthquake.
Effect of Freezing and Thawing on the Quality of Northern Bluefin Tuna Thunnus Thynnus (Linnaeus 1758)

Global tuna populations are in decline. Maintaining post-catch fish quality is important to prevent wastage of precious food resources. Tuna is often preserved by freezing; however, changes in tuna quality post-thawing have been poorly investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of frozen/thawed and raw flesh of northern bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus ( Linnaeus 1758) over 7 or 8 days period using characteristic indicators of flesh quality such as colour, bacterial count, K-value, pH and odour. The results showed that colour was significantly influenced by freezing and thawing. The colour of thawed tuna flesh deteriorated after 3 days, while that of raw flesh was maintained for 6 days. In contrast, bacterial count, K-value, pH and odour were not significantly influenced by freezing and thawing. The K-value was approximately 20% after 3 days at 4 °C in both raw and frozen/thawed flesh. Tuna should not be eaten raw if it was stored for longer than 3 days at 4 °C, regardless of whether the tuna was frozen and then thawed or kept raw. Freezing preserves the quality of fish flesh for a long period and is thus a good strategy to prevent tuna spoilage.
Eye movement evidence for V1 saliency hypothesis and central-peripheral dichotomy in an anomalous visual search task

: Typically, searching for a target among uniformly tilted non-targets is easier when this target is perpendicular, rather than parallel, to the non-targets. V1 Saliency Hypothesis (V1SH) – that V1 creates a saliency map to guide attention exogenously – predicts exactly the opposite in a special case: each target or non-target is a pair of equally-sized disks, a homo-pair of two disks of the same color, black or white, or a hetero-pair of two disks of the opposite color; the inter-disk displacement defines its orientation. This prediction – parallel advantage – was supported by the finding that parallel targets require shorter reaction times (RTs) to report targets’ locations. Furthermore, it is stronger for targets further from the center of search images, as predicted by the central-peripheral dichotomy entailing that saliency effects are stronger in peripheral than in central vision. However, the parallel advantage could arise from a shorter time required to recognize – rather than to shift attention to – the parallel target. By gaze tracking, the present study confirms that the parallel advantage is solely due to the RTs for the gaze to reach the target. Furthermore, when the gaze is sufficiently far from the target during search, saccade to a parallel, rather than perpendicular, target is more likely, demonstrating the central-peripheral dichotomy more directly. Parallel advantage is stronger among observers encouraged to let their search be guided by spontaneous gaze shifts, which are presumably guided by bottom-up saliency rather than top-down factors.
Myc and Fgf Are Required for Zebrafish Neuromast Hair Cell Regeneration Authors

Unlike mammals, the non-mammalian vertebrate inner ear can regenerate the sensory cells, hair cells, either spontaneously or through induction after hair cell loss, leading to hearing recovery. The mechanisms underlying the regeneration are poorly understood. By microarray analysis on a chick model, we show that chick hair cell regeneration involves the activation of proliferation genes and downregulation of differentiation genes. BothMYC and FGF are activated in chick hair cell regeneration. Using a zebrafish lateral line neuromast hair cell regeneration model, we show that the specific inhibition of Myc or Fgf suppresses hair cell regeneration, demonstrating that both pathways are essential to the process. Rapid upregulation of Myc and delayed Fgf activation during regeneration suggest a role of Myc in proliferation and Fgf in differentiation. The dorsal-ventral pattern of fgfr1a in the neuromasts overlaps with the distribution of hair cell precursors. By laser ablation, we show that the fgfr1a-positive supporting cells are likely the hair cell precursors that directly give rise to new hair cells; whereas the anterior-posterior fgfr1a-negative supporting cells have heightened proliferation capacity, likely to serve as more primitive progenitor cells to replenish lost precursors after hair cell loss. Thus fgfr1a is likely to mark compartmentalized supporting cell subtypes with different capacities in renewal proliferation and hair cell regeneration. Manipulation of c-MYC and FGF pathways could be explored for mammalian hair cell regeneration.
Quality assessment of a landslide inventory map and itsapplication to land‐use planning. A case study in theNorthern Apennines (Emilia‐Romagna region, Italy)

Landslide hazard and risk are growing as a consequence of climate change and demographic pressure. Land‐use planning represents a powerful tool to manage this socio‐economic problem and build sustainable and landslide resilient communities. Landslide inventory maps are a cornerstone of land‐use planning and, consequently, their quality assessment represents a burning issue. This work aimed to define the quality parameters of a landslide inventory and assess its spatial and temporal accuracy with regard to its possible applications to land‐use planning. In this sense, I proceeded according to a two‐steps approach. An overall assessment of the accuracy of data geographic positioning was performed on four case study sites located in the Italian Northern Apennines. The quantification of the overall spatial and temporal accuracy, instead, focused on the Dorgola Valley (Province of Reggio Emilia). The assessment of spatial accuracy involved a comparison between remotely sensed and field survey data, as well as an innovative fuzzylike analysis of a multi‐temporal landslide inventory map. Conversely, long‐ and short‐term landslide temporal persistence was appraised over a period of 60 years with the aid of 18 remotely sensed image sets. These results were eventually compared with the current Territorial Plan for Provincial Coordination (PTCP) of the Province of Reggio Emilia. The outcome of this work suggested that geomorphologically detected and mapped landslides are a significant approximation of a more complex reality. In order to convey to the end‐users this intrinsic uncertainty, a new form of cartographic representation is needed. In this sense, a fuzzy raster landslide map may be an option. With regard to land‐use planning, landslide inventory maps, if appropriately updated, confirmed to be essential decision‐support tools. This research, however, proved that their spatial and temporal uncertainty discourages any direct use as zoning maps, especially when zoning itself is associated to statutory or advisory regulations.
Online News User Journeys: The Role of Social Media, News Websites, and Topics

Abstract The complexity and diversity of today’s media landscape provides many challenges for scholars studying online news consumption. Yet it is unclear how news consumers navigate online. Moving forward, we used a custom-built browser plug-in—passively tracking Dutch online news consumers 24/7—to examine how context (website) and content (news topic) features affect patterns of online news consumption. This resulted in a data set containing more than one million Web pages, from 175 websites (news websites, search engines, social media), collected over 8 months in 2017/18. We used automated content analysis to retrieve news topics, and estimated Markov chains to detect consumption patterns. Our findings indicate that news consumers often directly visit their favorite (typically mainstream) news outlet, and continue browsing within that outlet. We also found a strong preference for entertainment news over any other topic. Although social media often offer entertainment news, they are not necessarily the starting point to such news.
Trends In Rainfall Extremes

Many scientists believe that there is an anthropogenic in uence on the earth's climate. Most research on this issue has been concerned with an apparent overall increase in temperatures, popularly known as global warming. However, there is also increasing interest in other forms of climate change which may possibly have anthropogenic origins. One of these is the hypothesis that overall rainfall levels in the USA are not only increasing, but that most of the increase derives from extreme events. In this paper, we use extreme value theory to examine whether there is an increasing trend in the frequency of extreme one-day precipitation events in the USA. Our data source consists of 187 stations from the Historical Climatological Network, and initial station-by-station analyses show evidence of an overall increasing trend but with huge variablity from station to station. To integrate the data from di erent stations, we develop a conceptual hierarchical model using geostatistical methods to represent the variability between stations. Our analysis of this model, however, stops short of a full Bayesian implementation, using an approximate model t which allows us to adapt standard geostatistical methods to this setting. The results are most meaningful when summarized in terms of regional average trends: there is remarkable homogeneity in the overall trend in rainfall extremes among di erent regions of the USA. The conclusion is contrasted with the corresponding result for mean temperatures.
Gender and Disability: Women's Experiences in the Middle East

Acknowledgements Introduction Working with disabled women: reviewing our approach The case studies 1. Mobilising women with physical disabilities: The Lebanese Sitting Handicapped Association 2. Invisible victims: working with mothers of children with learning disabilities 3. A double discrimination: blind girls' life-chances 4. Disability and gender at a cross-roads: a Palestinian perspective 5. Facing the backlash: one womans' experience in Yemen 6. Taking the world stage: disabled women at Beijing Conclusion: making 'imperfect' women visible, strategies for the future Resources
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

It is generally believed that self-disclosure has positive effects, particularly for relationships; however, we predict and find negative effects in the context of task-oriented relationships. Across three laboratory experiments, we find that both task-relevant (Study 1) and task-irrelevant (Studies 2 and 3) weakness disclosures, made by a higher (versus peer) status coworker during an interdependent task, negatively affected the receiver’s perception of the discloser’s status and consequently undermined the discloser’s influence, encouraged task conflict, and led to lower relationship quality with the discloser. Peer status disclosers did not trigger these negative responses. We find support for perceived vulnerability as the proposed psychological process (Study 3). Specifically, higher (but not peer) status disclosers experience a status penalty after weakness disclosures because these disclosures signal vulnerability, which violates the expectations people have for higher (but not peer) status coworkers. These findings provide insight into the effects of self-disclosing weakness at work and the ways in which high status employees may inadvertently trigger their own status loss.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes When Time Is Money: Decision Behavior under Opportunity-cost Time Pressure

regulatory rules (Eisenhardt, 1989) and often involve Decison-making dilemmas can arise because errors stress due to the need to make choices under time pres-may result either from deciding too soon or from de-sure. However, such time stress is often due not so laying decisions too long. Delay can result in lost op-much to strict deadlines as it is to the potential oppor-portunities or reductions in payoffs from the most ac-tunity cost of delaying decisions. As Eisenhardt (1993, curate decision. This paper investigates decision prop. 121) notes, ''the decision-making dilemma in such cesses in environments where there is time stress due environments comes from the fact that it is easy to to the opportunity cost of delaying decisions. First, make mistakes by deciding too soon and equally inef-using computer simulation, the relative accuracy of fective to delay choices or to imitate others. '' In particu-alternative decision strategies is examined in environ-lar, delay in deciding can result ''in failure as. win-ments that differ in terms of the levels of opportunity cost of delay. The lexicographic choice rule is shown dows of opportunity close'' (Eisenhardt, 1993, p. 121). to be a very attractive decision process in situations In some cases, the longer the delay in making the deci-where there is opportunity-cost time pressure. Two ex-sion, the lower the expected return (value) from even periments test the adaptivity of actual decision behav-the most accurate of decisions. For example, if a com-ior to the presence or absence of opportunity-cost time pany delays a new product introduction to get test mar-pressure along with variations in goals (accuracy em-ket results, competitors may observe the test, develop phasized vs. effort savings emphasized), dispersion in their own versions of the product, and introduce these probabilities or weights across the outcomes of the versions before the first company finishes test market-choice options, and the degree of correlation among ing (Ono, 1995). More generally, the company's pros-the outcomes. Subjects were generally adaptive to op-pects may continuously degrade with delay; the longer portunity-cost time pressure. However, failures in the delay, the more effective competitors' responses adaptivity were identified when choice environment may be. properties with conflicting implications for adaptation were present simultaneously. In particular, under We investigate decision making under situations opportunity-cost time pressure, subjects received a where there is opportunity-cost time pressure. We are lower expected payoff when the goal was to emphasize interested in how people adapt their decision-making choice accuracy …
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

The impact of watching eyes cues and descriptive social norm messages on fare evasion was studied in two experiments that were conducted in two railway stations in France. In Study 1, a natural field experiment, passengers were exposed for a two-week period to either a control eye-cues poster or to an experimental eye-cues with a social norm messaging campaign. In Study 2, an artefactual experiment in the field, participants in the experimental train station were asked to participate in a lying task before and after they were exposed to the messaging campaign. The results from both studies suggest that although watching eye cues alone are not effective in a crowded train station, exposing passengers to watching eye cues together with a descriptive social norm messaging campaign reduced the fare evasion rates observed by standard inspection operations, and eliminated lying behavior measured by the die-under-cup paradigm. These results strengthen the external validity of laboratory experiments that have documented small scale cheating behavior and highlight the potential benefits of internal enforcement techniques to fight dishonesty in the field. In addition, they stress the advantage of combining visibility cues and social norms when orienting people toward more moral behavior.
Relationship between Squid (Todarodes pacificus) Catch by Sea Block and Marine Environment in the East Sea during 1980s and 1990s

Data on squid catches by the Korean jig fishery in sea blocks (), water temperatures at depth(30m, 50m and 100m) and zooplankton biomass in the East Sea from 1980 to 1999 were analyzed to examine the mechanism of formation of the high density stock area. Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus) catch in the East Sea was low in 1980s, while the catch was high in 1990s. The five sea blocks (No. 76, 82, 83, 87, 88) of the southern part in the eastern coastal waters of Korea showed high levels of percentage of total catch (35.1%), whereas the four sea blocks (No. 65, 71, 72, 78) of the coastal waters of Uleung Island showed high levels of percentage of CPUE (61.2%) for 20 years. Squid catches showed monthly fluctuations according to the vertical distribution of optimum water temperature for fishing (). High total catch and high CPUE area matched well with isothermal lines at 100m depth indicating northern limiting of Tsushima Warm Current, and temporal and spatial change in isothermal line caused the change in total catch and CPUE. Horizontal distribution of zooplankton biomass by sea block was not matched well with those of total catch and CPUE, however pattern of time-series change in total zooplankton biomass was similar to that in total squid catch.
How Secondary Students Develop Multi-task and Collaborative Skills through Online Video Games: A Case of Nepal

Online video games have become popular among teenage students and have drawn the attention of both parents and teachers in Nepal. We report an analysis of secondary students’ experiences of playing online video games and parents’ perception of their children’s game behaviour. We employed online semi-structured interviews with students and parents, and observation of students’ game activities. This paper reports on how online video games developed students’ independent study skills and autonomous learning abilities. Video games can be an assistive tool to engage teenage learners in collaborative and autonomous learning activities. Parents, however, perceived that video games unless specifically designed for educational purposes, can negatively impact students’ health. Findings suggest that the appropriate integration of video games into educational practices can strengthen students’ self-learning habits and develop their capabilities
Meanings, myths and memories : literary tourism as cultural discourse in Beatrix Potter's Lake District

Tourism is about the production and consumption, and the transformation and appropriation of cultural meanings. These meanings are imposed on landscapes to facilitate economic development but their interpretation by visitors is also important. A case study of Beatrix Potter tourism in the English Lake District is used to explore the links between literary tourism and a range of personal, social and cultural values. The thesis develops a cultural studies approach for tourism and literary analyses. It then combines qualitative and quantitative research methods to evaluate how visitors made sense of their encounters with the literary place. From the resulting field study material three key themes emerged: childhood and adulthood; city, country and preservation; and marketing literary heritage in an increasingly global context. These themes both reflect and contribute to contemporary debates in cultural geography. They also help to clarify aspects of the relationship between tourism, popular culture and society.
Therapeutic Effects of Vitamin D on Vaginal, Sexual, and Urological Functions in Postmenopausal Women

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of growing evidence concerning vitamin D’s potential role in women’s health, specifically in postmenopausal women. This evidence also includes its connection to various genitourinary disorders and symptoms. Numerous clinical studies have observed improvements in vulvovaginal symptoms linked to the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) with vitamin D supplementation. These studies have reported positive effects on various aspects, such as vaginal pH, dryness, sexual functioning, reduced libido, and decreased urinary tract infections. Many mechanisms underlying these pharmacological effects have since been proposed. Vitamin D receptors (VDRs) have been identified as a major contributor to its effects. It is now well known that VDRs are expressed in the superficial layers of the urogenital organs. Additionally, vitamin D plays a crucial role in supporting immune function and modulating the body’s defense mechanisms. However, the characterization of these effects requires more investigation. Reviewing existing evidence regarding vitamin D’s impact on postmenopausal women’s vaginal, sexual, and urological health is the purpose of this article. As research in this area continues, there is a potential for vitamin D to support women’s urogenital and sexual health during the menopausal transition and postmenopausal periods.
To Work or Not to Work

Meaning of work as explored in this study refers to the function that organizational paid employment serves for people. Is work a means of fulfilling social and economic expectations? Or is it an opportunity for people to express and apply their talents and expertise? The intent of this research was to explore how the predominant meaning of work gets constructed before people start working and how that affects their work choices. It was seen that social expectations and metaphors related to work influenced the meaning of work and work choices. A process theory of the construction of meaning of work was developed inductively. The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings and limitations are also discussed.