Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved cognitive and motor development in a community‐based intervention of psychosocial stimulation in northeast Brazil

The aim of the study was to compare the development of children with and without a programme of psychosocial stimulation in‘control’and‘intervention’sites in a poorly resourced area of northeast Brazil. The sample (n=156, born 1998) was from a larger cohort. The cohort was tested at 12 months (baseline) with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. All children in the intervention site with a mental development index (MDI) and/or psychomotor development index (PDI) ≤100 were enrolled. Each time such a child was enrolled, the next child tested in that site of the same sex and with an index of 101 to 115 was also enrolled, and the next two children matched for sex and scores of A ≤100 and 101 to 115 in the control sites were recruited in parallel. The intervention comprised 14 contacts between 13 and 17 months of age. All children were tested again at age 18 months. The intervention and control groups were similar at baseline for a range of socioeconomic, demographic, environmental, and biological variables, and their MDI and PDI were also similar. At 18 months, the mean differences between the intervention and control groups were +9.4 points for MDI and +8.2 points for PDI (p<0.001 in each case). For children with an initial score of A ≤100, the mean difference between the intervened and control groups was +11.2 points for MDI (p<0.001), and +10.8 points for PDI (p=0.001). The intervention was thus associated with significant improvements in cognitive and motor development.
Sex Difference in the Kinetics of Triglyceride Metabolism in Normal and Hypertriglyceridaemic Human Subjects

Abstract. Several years ago we demonstrated in man that increasing plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride (TG) concentrations were associated with increasing VLDL‐TG production rates, and that this relationship described a rectangular hyperbola which could be characterized in terms of enzyme kinetics. Utilizing this approach Nikkilä and Kekki confirmed these observations in a large group of normal subjects. Moreover, after analyzing the Km and Vmax values of their subjects they noted a striking and important sex difference: females were found to have significantly lower Km values than men, whereas the Vmax values for the two groups were the same. This indicates that for a given VLDL‐TG production rate, females will have lower plasma TG concentrations. We have now studied 53 subjects with widely varying plasma TG concentrations, and have been able to detect a similar sex difference in subjects with hypertriglyceridaemia. Furthermore, we have noted a highly significant direct relationship between TG concentration and production in both sexes, and have found no relationship between an individual's Km value and his coexisting plasma TG level. These results allow us to conclude that: 1) the sex difference in TG kinetics which Nikkilä and Kekki originally note in normals can now be extended to include hypertriglyceridaemic subjects, and 2) in general, overproduction, and not underutilization, is the initiating event in most cases of hypertriglyceridaemia.
O papel das células alveolares tipo II na leptospirose suína

This study aimed to investigate a possible relationship between alveolar type II cells and the inflammatory response to infection with Leptospira spp. , and thus comprise a further element that can be involved in the pathogenesis of lung injury in naturally infected pigs. The study group consisted of 73 adult pigs that were extensively reared and slaughtered in Teresina, Piaui state, and Timon, Maranhao state, Brazil. The diagnosis of leptospirosis was made using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) aided by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. The MAT registered the occurrence of anti-Leptospira antibodies in 10.96% (8/73) of the pigs. Immunohistochemistry allowed for the visualization of the Leptospira spp. antigen in the lungs of 87.67% (64/73) of the pigs. There was hyperplasia of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue and circulatory changes, such as congestion of alveolar septa, parenchymal hemorrhage and edema within the alveoli. Lung inflammation was more intense (p = 0.0312) in infected animals, which also showed increased thickening of the alveolar septa (p = 0.0006). Evaluation of alveolar type II (ATII) cells using an anti-TTF-1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor-1) antibody showed that there were more immunostained cells in the non-infected pigs (53.8%) than in the infected animals (46.2%) and that there was an inverse correlation between TTF-1 positive cells and the inflammatory infiltrate. There was no amplification of Leptospira DNA in the lung samples, but leptospiral DNA amplification was observed in the kidneys. The results of this study showed that a relationship exists between a decrease in alveolar type II cells and a leptospire infection. Thus, this work points to the importance of studying the ATII cells as a potential marker of the level of lung innate immune response during leptospirosis in pigs.
Relation between objectively measured feeding competence and nutrition in children with cerebral palsy

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of undernutrition in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to determine the relation with feeding ability. Ninety children with CP from special needs schools were examined. Undernutrition was diagnosed on one or more of the following criteria: weight <2nd centile, triceps or subscapular skinfold measurement < 3rd centile, mid‐arm circumference <5th centile. Feeding competence was scored with respect to seven specific oromotor tasks using the Multidisciplinary Feeding Profile. Thirty‐six participants (40%) had diplegia, 29 (33%) quadriplegia, 13 (14%) hemiplegia, and 12 participants (13%) had dyskinetic CP. Age ranged from 2.6 to 18.7 years (mean 10.8 years). Forty‐six percent (41 of 90) were undernourished. In all aspects of feeding, those undernourished had lower feeding competence scores compared to adequately nourished children (p<0.002). Each modality of feeding competence correlated significantly to the centiles of weight, triceps or subscapular skinfold measurement and mid‐arm circumference (p<0.02). A positive association of weight, triceps skinfold measurement, and mid‐arm circumference with chewing ability was present independent of other feeding modalities (p<0.05). Undernutrition was common in this group and was associated with poorer feeding ability.
An analysis of the antipyretic effects of centrally administered arginine vasopressin in the rat

Previous studies in the sheep, rabbit, cat and rat have demonstrated the ability of the neuropeptide, arginine vasopressin (AVP), to suppress endotoxin-induced fever when perfused into a discrete brain locus. Fever can also be suppressed if AVP is microinjected into the cerebral ventricles of the rat. The mechanisms by which AVP mediates antipyresis are unknown. Experiments were conducted, therefore, to examine the effect of intracerebroventricular (icv) AVP on an established fever and to assess the mechanism of action using a specific, V -̂receptor antagonist (M-AVP). Studies were also conducted to elucidate the effector mechanisms utilized to accomplish antipyresis induced by icv AVP. Finally, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AVP concentrations were measured in febrile and nonfebrile rats to determine the role of endogenously released AVP in the CSF during fever. AVP administered icv was shown to have marked antipyretic effects at very low doses. This antipyresis was elicited in rats with an established fever but the peptide had no effect on the temperature of non-febrile rats. Thus AVP both prevented and reversed endotoxin-induced fever. Furthermore, this AVP-induced antipyresis was abolished by pretreatment with the the V ̂ -antagonist, M-AVP. The antipyretic effects of AVP were, therefore, receptor mediated and likely to be of physiological importance. Efforts to manipulate the endogenous AVP system by icv M-AVP were also attempted. When M-AVP was injected icv, the fever height of endotoxin-treated rats was not different from endotoxin-treated controls. In addition, M-AVP did not influence the magnitude of the antipyresis induced by indomethacin. It has become clear, however, that this method of administering the antagonist is inappropriate to block endogenous AVP
Siphonaptera from Pennsylvania mammals.

From 1946 to 1951, 2,647 fleas of 32 species were collected by the Pennsylvania Game Commission. Geographical, seasonal, and host distribution were studied, and these data are presented in an annotated list. INTRODUCTION Flea collections from Pennsylvania have heretofore been scanty. Jordan (1928) spent some time at Ligonier and described two forms, Peromyscopsylla catatina and Orchopeas sexdentatus pennsylvanicus. Fox (1940) recorded only 14 species from the state, and a few more were added by Fuller (1942, 1943). From 1946 to 1951, the Pennsylvania Game Commission conducted a statewide mammal survey. Field crews collected large numbers of ectoparasites as well as mammals and in 1953 the flea specimens were turned over to the senior author for identification. The specimens were mounted and most of them were given a preliminary examination. Due to administrative duties, the Pennsylvania specimens were set aside for some time and their study was later finished by the junior author. This collection totals 2647 specimens of 32 species. This represents one of the largest collections from a single northeastern state and greatly increases the number of species recorded from Pennsylvania. Unfortunately, the zeal with which ectoparasites were collected varied greatly from region to region so that most of these specimens come from the western counties of the state. Several species which certainly occur in the state were not collected. Nonetheless, this extremely valuable collection contributes much to our knowledge of distribution of the species represented. The systematic arrangement and nomenclature follow the British Museum Catalog (Hopkins and Rothschild, 1953 et seq.) insofar as the volumes are available.
Efficacy of Herlbicides Against Weeds in Rainfed Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] under Vindhyan Plateau of Madhya Pradesh

Post-emergence application of imazethapyr at 75 g ha−1 reduced the population of Caesulia axillaris. Anatis monthulani and Aclypha indica significantly as compared to all pre-and rest of the post-emergence herbicides under investigation. Quizalofop-ethyl 5 EC at 50 g ha−1 was significantly effective against Cammelina benghalensis and Echinachlaa colona. The lowest weed biomass was recorded with two hand weedings 20 and 40 DAS followed by imazethapyr at75 g ha−1 and quizalofop-ethyl 5 EC at 50 g ha−1. Two hand weedings (at 20 and 40 DAS) and imazethapyr at 75 g ha−1 were most appropriate treatments in tems of reduction in total weed density and increase in soybean yield.
Tics and psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents

This study examined comorbid psychiatric symptoms in a large, community‐based sample of children and adolescents. The study sample comprised a total of 3006 school children: 413 preschool (3 to 5 years; 237 males, 176 females; mean age 4 years 2 months, SD 8 months), 1520 elementary school (5 to 12 years; 787 males, 733 females; mean age 8 years 2 months, SD 1 year 11 months), and 1073 secondary school children (12 to 18 years; 573 males, 500 females; mean age 14 years 4 months, SD 1 year 10 months), all of whom were attending regular education programs. Children were evaluated with a teacher‐completed DSM‐IV‐referenced rating scale. The sample was divided into four groups: attention‐deficit‐hyperactivity disorder with tics (ADHD+tics), ADHD without tics (ADHD), tics without ADHD (T), and a comparison group i.e. neither ADHD nor tics (Non). The percentage of children with tic behaviors varied with age: preschool children (22.3%), elementary school children (7.8%), and adolescents (3.4%). Tic behaviors were more common in males than females, regardless of comorbid ADHD symptoms. For many psychiatric symptoms, screening prevalence rates were highest for the ADHD groups (ADHD+tics ADHDTNon). However, obsessive‐compulsive and simple and social phobia symptoms were more common in the groups with tic behavior. Findings for a community‐based sample show many similarities with studies of clinically referred samples suggesting that teacher‐completed ratings of DSM‐IV symptoms may be a useful methodology for investigating the phenomenology of tic disorders.
Chapter 10

Abstract Chronostratigraphy and biochronology are the prime conceptual methods for relating biologic events to the geologic time scale. Chronostratigraphy is the dominant method applied in the oceanographic-marine realm, and biochronology is the dominant method for the terrestrial realm. These concepts were conceived in the early half of the 20th century, and major advances in both occurred during the latter half of the 20th century. Historical development of both chronostratigaphy and biochronology is briefly reviewed, and it is concluded that the early definition and application of biochronology is tainted by reference to and inference from biostratigraphy. It is proposed that biochronology be redefined as the organization of geologic time according to the irreversible process of organic evolution, following the characterization and application by Berggren and Van Couvering (1978, G.V. Cohee, M.F. Glaessner, and H.D. Hedberg [editors], Contributions to the geologic time scale: 39–55. Tulsa, OK: American Association of Petroleum Geologists). The new term “chronostratigraphic marker” is proposed and defined as any chronologically significant event (biologic, isotopic, isotopic-ratio, or paleomagnetic), recorded in a stratigraphic sequence, that can be directly related to and/or tied to any other chronostratigraphic marker. According to definitions given herein, a biochronologic event can become a chronostratigraphic marker, but only when tied to a discrete stratigraphic sequence and related to other stratigraphic sequences and/or chronostratigraphic markers. The terms and concepts “datum event”, “land mammal age”, “stage of evolution”, and “appearance event ordination” are discussed and defined. A datum event is defined as any chronostratigraphic marker. Land mammal ages, along with European Neogene and Paleogene mammal units, are considered biochronologic entities; they are defined as relatively short intervals of geologic time that can be recognized and distinguished from earlier and later such units (in a given region or province) by a characterizing assemblage of mammals. Stage of evolution is a very basic biochronologic concept defined as the chronologic ordering of faunal assemblages based on morphological (evolutionary) differences observed in members of a single, well-established phyletic lineage. Appearance event ordination is a new tool of biochronology. It is defined as ordering the appearance of fossil mammal genera by multivariate analysis, using overlapping (conjunctive) and nonoverlapping (disjunctive) range distributions in large sets of data.
Dominant grasses replaced by ruderal forbs in a vole year in undergrazed mediterranean grasslands in Israel

A drastic change in vegetation was observed in 1985 in protected and lightly grazed grasslands in northern Israel. The previously dominant tall annual and perennial grasses virtually disappeared locally and were in some areas totally replaced by tall annual forbs. The change was correlated with exceptionally high densities of vole (Microtus socialis) burrows in these sites. Severe vole damage was observed on both annual and perennial grasses. An hypothesis of the processes involved in this phenomenon is presented.
Secondary Vegetation and the Transition to Savanna Near Ibadan, Nigeria

The fproblem. Ibadan lies about 30 miles (48 km.) inside the northern boundary of the Lowland Rain Forest zone of Western Nigeria. This type of vegetation has been described and discussed by a number of writers including Ainslie (1926), Keay (1948, 1953), MacGregor (1937), Richards (1939, 1952) and E. W. Jones (1955, 1956) in Nigeria. It is generally conceded that the northern part of this zone, in which Ibadan lies (variously termed Mixed Deciduous or Semi-deciduous Forest, Dry Forest or Foret Mesophile), differs from the wetter forests to the south both in the higher proportion of deciduous trees, and in the frequency of such species as Triplochiton scleroxylon and Celtis spp. There is, however, little agreement as to what criteria should be used for distinguishing these forest types, or indeed whether it is possible to find any satisfactory basis for defining communities in the Lowland Rain Forest. Most of the attention has been directed towards forest vegetation, and there has been comparatively little detailed work on the secondary vegetation of agricultural land (previous work is discussed in Section V). This is no doubt because of the great complexity of a tropical ecosystem in which there is no clear distinction between natural vegetation and farmland; for the peasant farmer never completely clears his land before planting his crops, and when it is exhausted he restores its fertility by letting it revert to bush for several years. At. first sight the farm land around Ibadan appears to be a chaotic patchwork of food crops, cacao, oil palm and bush fallow, in all possible combinations. Indeed, the average size of 'field' is only about one-tenth of an acre (0 05 ha.), so that there is usually a recognizable change in the vegetation every twenty paces. The object of this paper is to show that, although we may be unable to define clear-cut associations in secondary bush, we can distinguish certain 'nodal' communities akin to the 'noda' of Poore (1955,1956). Even these are necessarily diffuse, for uniform stands 'at least as large as the minimal area' seldom occur in this type of vegetation, and the concept of a community must be built up from the observation of a large number of fragments. Never-theless, they enable us to discern some order in the apparently continuous network of variation, and can be used as a reference to trace certain trends of succession. B J.E. 217
A Study of the Cardia in Unanesthetized Dogs.∗

Gastric and œsophageal fistulaæ have been made in 15 dogs for the purpose of studying the activity of the cardia and stomach following stimulation of the œsophagus. For recording changes in tonus a small balloon about 3 cm. long containing rubber sponge with a diameter of 0.5 to 1 cm. was used in the cardia and a large balloon in the stomach. The balloon in the cardia was attached to a fairly rigid tube such that it could be held in place by the hand. It was attached to a tambour and the stomach balloon to a chloroform manometer for recording. A third balloon was placed in the œsophageal fistula well above the cardia. When a stimulus was desired the operator blew into the tube to this balloon distending it. It thus acted as a lodged bolus that could be called into play and allowed to disappear at will. Dogs were trained to lie quietly while tracings were being taken and no anesthesia was used. Fig. 1 shows the response following distension of the upper balloon in the œsophagus in an animal without nerve section. A relaxation of the cardia and cardiac portion of the stomach (receptive relaxation) takes place immediately. Cutting one vagus did not alter this inhibitory response in the cardia and stomach. In 3 dogs section of both vagi above the diaphragm failed to produce any recognizable spasm of the cardia nor did it cause a material alteration in the inhibition seen in the cardia and stomach following distension of the œsophagus. The response was not affected in 3 dogs with splanchnics cut. Two dogs have had both vagi cut (above the diaphragm) and splanchnics cut.
Offspring desertion in the Magnificent Frigatebird: are males facing a trade-off between current and future reproduction?

Timing of offspring desertion is expected to be the outcome of the trade-off between current and future reproductive benefits for deserters. I investigated this idea by analysing the timing of male desertion in the Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens. I recorded parental attendance, male desertion and chick survival from an average of 39 days old (+ 2.7 S.E. days) to fledging (181.2 + 3.4 days old, n = 24) at 42 nests, and checked the presence and breeding state of marked males (red gular pouch) at the colony the following breeding season. All male parents deserted their nest when their only chick was between 19 and 160 days old (77.1 + 5.0 days). Male desertion was influenced by settling and deserting dates: settling date correlated negatively with the age of the chick at the time of male desertion. Late-settling males deserted later during the year than males settling early, the condition of their chick (at the time of male desertion) was lower and their chick fledged late during the year. In spite of the obligate and apparently date-constrained desertion, chicks deserted when very young died more frequently than those deserted when older, and successful males deserting late during the year (after the average desertion date) were marginally less likely to be seen in reproductive state the following breeding season than those deserting early. The inter-individual variation is consistent with the idea that male frigatebirds may face a trade-off between current and future reproductive expectations: early-settled individuals began breeding before 16 October, deserted before the average deserting date, stayed with the chick for 92 days, their chicks survived well (84%) and 75% of these males were seen in reproductive state the following breeding season. Late-settled individuals began to breed around 19 December, deserted when their chick was 55 days old, chicks survived well (64%) but still only 50% of males were seen in breeding state the following breeding season. Some early-settled individuals who remained longer attending the chick (120 days) and whose chick survived, deserted after the average desertion date (20 April), but only 50% of them were seen in breeding state the following season.
The impact of information integration on supply chain finance and product innovation performance: A case study

Purpose This study focuses on the implementation of an innovative supply chain finance (SCF) solution (i.e., purchase order finance) by an innovative SCF lender (i.e., supply chain service provider). It empirically investigates the impact of information integration between an SCF lender and borrowers on the lender’s SCF decisions and the borrowers’ product innovation performance. Design/methodology/approach We conduct a case study in the Chinese smartphone industry. A mixed method design is used, and data are collected from both the SCF lender and borrowers. We first use an exploratory case study approach and collect qualitative data. Hypotheses are developed about the relationships between information integration, SCF and product innovation performance. We then conduct a confirmatory case study and collect quantitative data. As data are obtained from the firm and project levels, a multilevel structural equation modelling method is used to test the hypotheses. Findings We find that the SCF lender and borrowers integrate information through both social interaction and information system integration. Information system integration is positively associated with SCF but does not significantly affect product innovation performance. Social interaction is negatively associated with SCF but positively associated with product innovation performance. SCF is positively associated with product innovation performance. Originality/value This study contributes to the SCF literature by providing empirical evidence on the implementation of SCF from both the lender’s and borrower’s perspectives. We find that information system integration and social interaction have different effects on SCF and product innovation performance. The results thus provide insights into how a lender makes SCF decisions and into the benefits of SCF for borrowers.