Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Verosphacela silvae sp. nov. (Onslowiaceae, Phaeophyceae) from the Mediterranean Sea

We describe Verosphacela silvae sp. nov., from the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of horizontal filaments living on the lower face of the red alga Peyssonnelia rubra (Greville) J. Agardh, from which erect filaments up to 1.5 mm high rise and grow upright after passing through the thallus of the supporting species. There are both horizontal and erect filaments growing by apical cells. In the subapical cells, 1–2 longitudinal divisions occur (more frequently in the erect filaments) but no secondary transverse divisions occur. Erect filaments bear lateral propagules on a stalk of one to three (rarely more) cells. Propagules, with neither apical cells nor arms, consist of seven cells. Zoidangia are borne at the apex of erect laterals. The new species differs from V. ebrachia Henry mainly in habit, propagules and zoidangia. In addition, distinct from V. ebrachia, filaments of V. silvae never penetrate between the cuticle and the cell wall of the supporting alga. Moreover, propagules of V. silvae consist of seven cells, whereas those of V. ebrachia consist of 9–13 cells, and zoidangia are terminal on laterals in V. silvae, whereas in V. ebrachia they are sessile on both axes and laterals.
Cytogenetic characterization of Brachidontes pharaonis (Fisher P., 1870): Karyotype, banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Mytilidae)

Abstract The mussel Brachidontes pharaonis (Fisher P., 1870) (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) has a diploid chromosomal set of 28 made up of 14 pairs of which eight are mono-armed (ST) and six bi-armed (M+SM). Fourteen bivalents occur in spermatocytes both at pachytene and metaphase-I. The use of combined silver and CMA3 staining reveals that nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) are located terminally on the long arm of a small subtelocentric chromosome pair (pair 14) and are compartmentalized in GC base pairs. A Paracentrotus lividus (Echinodermata) 4.3 kilobase (kb) rDNA probe (prR14) consisting of sequences from the 3′ end of 18S rDNA to the 3′ end of 26S rDNA was used to map the rDNA loci of B. pharaonis by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The results obtained with this technique confirm that NORs are located terminally on two small subtelocentric chromosomes (pair 14) and establish that the difference in dimension of homologous NORs is due to difference in the number of rDNA copies.
Designing Evaluation Rules That Are Robust to Strategic Behavior

Machine learning is often used to produce decision-making rules that classify or evaluate individuals. When these individuals have incentives to be classified a certain way, they may behave strategically to influence their outcomes. We develop a model for how strategic agents can invest effort to change the outcomes they receive, and we give a tight characterization of when such agents can be incentivized to invest specified forms of effort into improving their outcomes as opposed to “gaming” the classifier. We show that whenever any “reasonable” mechanism can do so, a simple linear mechanism suffices. This work is based on “How Do Classifiers Induce Agents To Invest Effort Strategically? ” published in Economics and Computation 2019 (Kleinberg and Raghavan 2019).
Developmental analysis of the extrabulbar olfactory projections in the ranid frog with some phylogenetic considerations

This study has examined the presence and distribution of extrabulbar olfactory projections (nerve fibers that originate from cells in the olfactory epithelium, bypass the olfactory bulbs and project caudally into the brain) in larvae and adult stages of a semi‐aquatic frog, Rana esculenta. This species was chosen because previous work had suggested that the presence of an extrabulbar olfactory system (EBOS) may correlate with the detection of water‐borne odorants. The main result is that this extrabulbar system is present in both larval and adult specimens of this frog species. In stage 26, the earliest one used in our study, the EBOS is well‐developed and projects as far caudal as the rhombencephalon. During successive larval development and until the completion of metamorphosis, there occurs a progressive reduction in the caudal extent of the EBOS. This reduction is more dramatic during the metamorphic climax (stages 31–33). A reduction in the caudal extent of the extrabulbar projections in adult stages is similar to other species previously examined. We are inclined to believe that there is no correlation between a reduction in the caudal extent of the EBOS and transition from water to land.
Transgenic corn evaluated for resistance to fall armyworm and southwestern corn borer.

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), and southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, are important pests of corn, Zea mays L. , in the southern USA. Germplasm lines with moderate levels of resistance to leaf feeding by these pests have been developed and released. Techniques for transforming corn have expanded opportunities for developing corn with higher levels of resistance and additional mechanisms of resistance to various insect pests. In this investigation, transgenic corn hybrids with insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki were evaluated for resistance to fall armyworm and southwestern corn borer in field tests and laboratory bioassays. The transgenic hybrids sustained significantly less leaf feeding damage than the resistant check hybrids. Both survival and larval growth were reduced. Growth was also reduced when larvae were fed laboratory diets comprised primarily of lyophilized leaf or husk tissue. Southwestern corn borer larval survival on the transgenic corn hybrids was very low in both the field tests and laboratory bioassays. The high levels of resistance to fall armyworm and near immunity to southwestern corn borer of these transgenic corn hybrids provide the highest levels of resistance documented for fall armyworm and southwestern corn borer.
Using Chinese Glyphs for Named Entity Recognition

Most Named Entity Recognition (NER) systems use additional features like part-of-speech (POS) tags, shallow parsing, gazetteers, etc. Adding these external features to NER systems have been shown to have a positive impact. However, creating gazetteers or taggers can take a lot of time and may require extensive data cleaning. In this work instead of using these traditional features we use lexicographic features of Chinese characters. Chinese characters are composed of graphical components called radicals and these components often have some semantic indicators. We propose CNN based models that incorporate this semantic information and use them for NER. Our models show an improvement over the baseline BERT-BiLSTM-CRF model. We present one of the first studies on Chinese OntoNotes v5.0 and show an improvement of + . 64 F1 score over the baseline. We present a state-of-the-art (SOTA) F1 score of 71.81 on the Weibo dataset, show a competitive improvement of + 0.72 over baseline on the ResumeNER dataset, and a SOTA F1 score of 96.49 on the MSRA dataset.
Diagnóstico físico-ambiental como subsídio a identificação de áreas vulneráveis à erosão na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão do Espírito Santo, Juiz de Fora (MG), Brasil

A physical environmental diagnosis may help understand the mechanisms that operate in natural and disturbed areas, allowing guidance of the activities to be developed in order to subsidize preservationist and conservationist actions. Thereby, avoiding irreversible interventions and conserving the region's natural resources. In this context, the aim of this work is to study the Espirito Santo River Watershed (ESRW), in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, by doing a physical environmental assessment to identify vulnerability to surface erosion. In order to achieve that, morphometric parameters, terrain slope, use/land cover and soil type in the region were used. Although ESRW is predominantly rural, its morphometric characteristics, slope, use/cover and soil type indicate high vulnerability to surface erosion. Our findings show a demand by the adoption of mitigation measures for the preservation of regenerating wooded areas, as well as planning the management of forest plantations and pastures. Hence conserving water bodies, controlling the growth of forestry in the region, minimizing areas of exposed soil and managing urban and industrial growth, since this basin is home to one of the most important sources of supply to Juiz de Fora.
Production of Bio-ethanol from Sugar Molasses Using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the cheapest strain available for the conversion of biomass substrate. In the present study, it is used for bio-ethanol production from sugar molasses. The influencing parameters that affect the production of bio-ethanol from sugar molasses are optimized. The optimal values of the parameters such as temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration and fermentation period are found to be 35°C, 4.0, 300 gm/l, 2 gm/l and 72 h respectively. Under this optimum operating condition the maximum of 53% bio-ethanol yield is achieved. The rate of formation of bio-ethanol is found to be well fitted with Michael-Menten equation and the rate constants such as Vmax and Km are found to be 0.71 mol/l sec and 81.63 mol/l respectively.
Regulation of FLRG expression in rat primary astroglial cells and injured brain tissue by transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)

Follistatin‐related gene (FLRG) is a member of the follistatin family of proteins and interacts with transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily proteins like follistatin. To understand the expression level of FLRG in brain tissue, we examined whether primary neurons and glial cells from rat embryos express FLRG mRNA and produce its protein product. FLRG and follistain mRNAs were mainly expressed in astroglial cells, while activin A mRNA was abundant in primary neurons. TGF‐β1 highly enhanced expression levels of FLRG mRNA in astroglial cells, compared with those of follistatin and activin A mRNAs. Particularly, TGF‐β1 facilitated the secretion of FLRG protein from primary astroglial cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, changes in expression levels of FLRG mRNA and protein in brain tissue were also analyzed after a penetrating injury, using quantitative polymerase chain reactin (PCR) and immunohistochemical methods. Expression levels of FLRG mRNA were significantly increased in damaged regions after penetrating injury together with those of activin A and TGF‐β1 mRNAs. Immunohistochemical observations showed that positive signals of FLRG protein were colocalized in glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive reactive astroglial cells located in damaged regions after a penetrating injury. The expression of follistatin mRNA rather decreased in damage regions after the brain injury. These results suggest that FLRG is synthesized in and secreted from astroglial cells. In particular, FLRG, but not follistatin, may play a role in the regulation of activin A in brain wound healing in response to TGF‐β1. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geographical pattern in photosynthetic light response of Pinus sylvestris in Europe

The geographical aspects in photosynthetic light response and stomatal conductance in the shoots of Pinus sylvestris were studied together with structural properties of shoots and needles. Seven stands within the natural distribution area of P. sylvestris in Europe were chosen. CO 2 exchange, irradiance and stomatal conductance (g s ) for water vapour were measured and the maximum photosynthetic rate (P m ) was determined from the CO 2 exchange measurements. There was a clear pattern in the average values of P m along the latitudinal gradient. Highest values of P m were found in the middle parts of the distribution area and they decreased towards both ends of the transect. The highest value was almost twice as high as the lowest one. The between-site variation explained 70% of the total variation in the maximum photosynthetic rate. P m was not clearly correlated with any single climatic variable or nitrogen concentration in the needles. P m was closely coupled with stomatal conductance (r 2 = 0.74). The differences in P m and g s between the sites is likely to reflect adaptation and acclimation to different climates.
Chanoides, a marine Eocene otophysan fish (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)

ABSTRACT Chanoides is a monotypic genus from the marine Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy. It is the first fossil ostariophysan in which a Weberian apparatus is known in any detail. The Weberian apparatus of Chanoides includes a unique type of tripus, and is more generalized than that of Recent otophysans in several ways. Chanoides has other primitive features, unknown in otophysans, such as a basipterygoid process, a large supramaxilla, and a free second ural centrum. The jaws resemble those of Recent cypriniforms in having a median “kinethmoid,” and in having teeth confined to the fifth ceratobranchial. But the jaws of Chanoides are unique in other ways, and it is concluded that the kinethmoid is not homologous with that of cypriniforms. Chanoides is placed as the sister-group of all Recent otophysans (cypriniforms, characiforms, siluriforms). Comments on other generalized fossil otophysans are included.
Influence of variety and management level on pearl millet production in Niger: I. Grain yield and dry matter accumulation.

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. ] is the most important food crop in Niger and most other West African Sahelian countries. The study was conducted as a factorial combination of three pearl millet varieties and two management levels at Kollo, Niger. Low management consisted of 10,000 hills ha-1 with no fertiliser application, while high management consisted of 20,000 plants ha-1 with manure, and N and P fertiliser application. The three varieties used were the improved varieties `Zatib' (tall) and `3/4 HK'(short), and a landrace variety `Heini Kirei' (tall). Two plants per plot were sampled bi-weekly, partitioned into plant parts, dried, and weighed. Pearl millet under high management produced 517 to 551 kg ha-1 greater yield and 200 to 300 g m-2 more dry matter than with low management. In 1995, the shorter variety `3/4 H K' produced 147 to 256 g m-2 less dry matter and 155 to 485 kg ha-1 less grain yield than the other varieties. Mean crop growth rates (CGRs) increased up to a maximum of 18.5 g m-2 day-1 with high management and 2 g m-2 day-1 with low management in 1995, while in 1996 maximum CGRs were 6.4 g m-2 day-1 with high management and 1.7 g m-2 day-1 with low management. In this study, environmental variability due to years had the greatest effect on crop growth and grain yield; management had an intermediate effect; and genotypes the least effect. Pearl millet producers in Niger should increase plant population and apply fertiliser to optimize pearl millet grain and stover yield. Key Words: Crop growth rate, dry matter partitioning, Pennisetum glaucum, relative growth rate, sahel (African Crop Science Journal: 2000 8(1): 25-34)
Multi-Dimensional Affinity Propagation Clustering Applying a Machine Learning in 5G-Cellular V2X

Cellular systems are facing the ever-increasing demand for vehicular communication aimed at applications such as advanced driving assistance and ultimately fully autonomous driving. Cellular Vehicle to Anything (C-V2X) has become more applicable with the release of the first sets of 5G (5th Generation) system specifications. The highly capable 5G systems will therefore support even a larger number of moving objects. This study aims to present a sophisticated clustering mechanism that enables cellular systems to accommodate a massive number of moving Machine Type Communication (MTC) objects with a minimum set of connections while maintaining system scalability. Specifically, we proposed Normalized Multi Dimension-Affinity Propagation Clustering (NMDP-APC) scheme and applied it for Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) clustering. For VANET clustering formation, our study employed Machine Learning (ML) to determine the granularity, i.e., the size and span of clusters desirable for use in dynamic motion environments. The study achieved a sufficient level of prediction accuracy with fewer training data through a learned prediction function based on the selected key criteria. This paper also proposes a system sequence designed with a series of procedures fully compliant with C-V2X systems. We demonstrated substantial simulations and numerical experiments with theoretical analysis, specifically applying soft-margin-based Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. The simulation results confirmed that the granularity parameter we applied fairly controls the size of VANET clusters although vehicles are in motion and that the prediction performance has been adjusted through controlling of key SVM parameters.
An Efficient Mobility-Oriented Retrieval Protocol for Computation Offloading in Vehicular Edge Multi-Access Network

Computation offloading for vehicular edge computing (VEC) architecture has gained increasing attention, with the emergence of mobile and vehicular applications with high-computing and low-latency demands, such as Intelligent Transportation Systems and IoT-based applications. However, existing challenges need to be addressed for VEC’s resources to be used in an efficient manner. The fundamental challenges arise from high vehicular mobility and intermittent or lack of connectivity. In this paper, we model the computation offloading task in VEC, with the goal of assessing the ability to simulate the elements that contribute to enhancing its performance in VEC. In addition, we propose the Mobility Prediction Retrieval (MPR) data retrieval protocol, which allows VEC to efficiently retrieve the output processed data of the offloaded application by using both vehicles and road side units as communication nodes. The developed protocol uses geo-location information of the network infrastructure and the users to accomplish an efficient data retrieval in a Vehicular Edge Computing environment. Finally, the experiments performed show that the proposed protocol to achieves a more reliable data retrieval with lower communication delay when compared to related techniques.
Invasion by Pittosporum undulatum of the forests of central Victoria. I. Invasion patterns and plant morphology.

Pittosporum undulatum is invading eucalypt open forests in south-central Victoria, 200 km west of its native habitat in eastern Australia. This is due to horticultural plantings of P. unduiatum and to the suppression of wildfires: it has thin bark and is killed by fires which most eucalypts can survive. Near Melbourne, P. undulatum preferentially establishes around the butts of eucalypts and other established trees although in denser forests this clumping is not so obvious. Seedlings of other weed species such as Ilex aquifolium and Cotoneaster pannosa similarly aggregate around established shrubs and trees. Classification of quadrats by monothetic division showed P. undulatum to be the most important species in the community. The weedy nature of P. undulatum is clear from its rapid dispersal, early seed production and fast growth. The dense canopy dramatically reduces the light intensity and completely suppresses the original sclerophyllous understorey: only Gahnia radula remains. Soil beneath the canopy is fertile and the litter is high in nutrients but bioassays indicate that inhibitors may be present. The root system is variable, depending on soil texture and compaction. The invasion of forest remnants by P. undulatum and other weeds is threatening the survival of the eucalypt forests in urban areas.
Application of Data Mining Methods in Internet of Things Technology for the Translation Systems in Traditional Ethnic Books

In order to translate the ethnic classics, based on the research on the Internet of things, machine learning, and translation technology of ethnic classics, the log-linear model is combined with the national corpus scale and the grammatical structure characteristics, and the phrase statistical machine translation is used to establish a discontinuous phrase extraction model. Then, the translation technology is studied from the three aspects of model definition, training, and decoding. Finally, the algorithm is compared with the traditional phrase extraction algorithm to verify its effectiveness. The results show that the extraction number of discontinuous phrase extraction model is significantly higher than that of traditional phrase extraction model, and the model can extract more phrases, handle larger and more complex text, and score higher in translation fluency. From the evaluation indexes scores of Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (B.L.E.U.) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (N.I.S.T.), it can be found that the B.L. E.U. and N.I. S.T. values of the traditional phrase extraction algorithm are lower than those of the discontinuous phrase extraction model algorithm. The discontinuous phrase extraction algorithm can not only extract the regular continuous phrase, but also obtain the discontinuous text, and the translation effect is better. In conclusion, the combination of Internet of things and machine learning can be used in the translation of ethnic classics to achieve high-quality translation of discontinuous phrases, which is of guiding significance for the study of machine translation.
Thermodynamics of partitioning of chitinase and laminarinase in a soya lecithin liposome system and their antifungal effect against Fusarium oxysporum

Abstract The goal of the present work was to compare the partitioning behavior of chitinase and laminarinase (from Trichoderma spp.) in soya lecithin liposomes at different temperatures and examine the activity of the resulting microencapsulated enzymes against Fusarium oxysporum. In both cases the partition coefficients (Ko/w) were greater than 1, indicating affinity of the enzymes for microencapsulation in liposomes. Enthalpy calculations indicated that the process was endothermic in the case of laminarinase and exothermic in the case of chitinase. Soya lecithin liposomes were stable for more than 20 days. The stability of the immobilized enzyme was increased in the case of chitinase, but was not changed in the case of laminarinase. Although the antifungal effects of individual immobilized preparations decreased after microencapsulation compared with non-immobilized enzymes, they were increased by the synergistic effect of both encapsulated enzymes. The application of free or immobilized enzymes was also shown to enhance the inhibitory effect of the chemical fungicide, thiabendazole, on F. oxysporum.
Automatic Detection of Microaneurysms in Retinal Fundus Images using Modified High Boost Filtering, Line Detectors and OC-SVM

Diabetic Retinopathy is a treatable disease throughout the disease progression, if diagnosed in time, to avoid the final vision loss. The relevance of microaneurysms counts in diabetic retinopathy and their close correspondence to the severity of the disease is well documented. As a result, the detection of Microaneurysms is vital to avoid further complications. Non- invasive way to analyze the retinal illness is fundus photographs. The factors like low contrast images, variable sizes of MA’s and similarity to blood vessels awakes the need for reliable MA detection system. A novel method for the detection of MA’s is proposed using a powerful combination of High Boost Filtering, Line detectors, and Single Class- SVM. Input Retinal image is pre-processed in terms of illumination Equalization, noise and object enhancement using unsharp masking, MA with Blood vessels are further enhanced by modified high boost filtering, to an extent such that single optimal threshold is sufficient to extract them all from image, further effective removal of major blood vessels has significantly reduced FPR. The geometric, intensity and region descriptors fed to OC-SVM for classification of objects as MA or outlier. The proposed approach is evaluated on the DiaretDB1 database and achieved a sensitivity of 72%. Results at MA enhancement and segmentation are better than methods in the literature.