Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wavelet and Cutout in YOLO Architecture for Road Pothole Detection

The problem of road potholes caused by vehicle pressure, plate movement, and thermal expansion and contraction must be overcome for road safety and comfortable driving. Many experts have proposed solutions to this problem, including image analysis, sensors that can detect vibrations caused by potholes, and other tactics. Deep learning (DL) has been utilized widely in several sectors in recent years, including object identification, which can be used to find potholes in the road. In order to preprocess the information and remove less important features, which will increase average precision (AP), this study suggests using the you only look once (YOLO) series of models in combination with data augmentation (DA) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) features. According to experimental results, when combined with DWT and Cutout-based DA, trained using two different publicly available pothole datasets, and then objectively compared, our suggested method outperforms several other model designs in the task of pothole detection, with an improvement of 2.5% in AP. This illustrates the study’s effective improvement in detection accuracy and real-time performance.
Assessment of the performance of small-scale water infrastructure (SWI) for multiple uses in Nebo Plateau, Sekhukhune District, South Africa.

Nebo Plateau is located in the Sekhukhune District, Limpopo Province, South Africa, where 47% of the population does not have an adequate water supply. This is mainly due to the low functional status of small-scale water infrastructures (SWIs), which are defined as technical hardware used by the rural communities to supply water for their day-to-day activities. The poor functionality is caused by lack of records of the SWI inventory, which would enable the allocation of resources to sustain maintenance of the SWI. This study aimed at identifying the types, distribution, ownership, responsibility for maintenance and status of the SWIs that exists in Nebo Plateau. Rapid Rural Appraisal techniques were used to undertake the study and these included questionnaires and key informant interviews. The questionnaires were administered to rural community members (202) only. The study identified different types of SWIs in Nebo Plateau and these comprised of the following; boreholes (59%), electric-driven boreholes (6%), hand-pumps (10%), small reservoirs (11%), windmills (4%), most of which (64%) were operated as single-use systems (SUS). The overall water-uses from the SWIs were 33% domestic, 23% irrigation and 9% livestock, with the least being 5% for combined domestic and livestock. About 54% of the SWI was owned by government, while the community owned 22%, the private sector 11% and schools owned 2%. Government was responsible for the maintenance of 49% of the SWI, but this study found that 71% of the SWI was non-functional. This study concluded that
Locating Temporal Passage in a Block World

This paper aims to determine whether we can locate temporal passage in a non-dynamical (block universe) world. In particular, we seek to determine both whether temporal passage can be located somewhere in our world if it is non-dynamical, and also to home in on where in such a world temporal passage can be located, if it can be located anywhere. We investigate this question by seeking to determine, across three experiments, whether the folk concept of temporal passage can be satisfied in our world if it is non-dynamical, and, if it can, what sort of thing in our world satisfies that concept. In particular, we focus on the question of whether that concept (if satisfied) is satisfied by something mind-dependent or something mind-independent. In other words, we ask, is temporal passage something that is at least partially in the mind, or is it entirely external to the mind? We find, contrary to what is often assumed by dynamists and non-dynamists alike, that the folk concept of temporal passage is satisfied in our world conditional on it being non-dynamical, and that the concept is satisfied by something mind-independent. This provides further ammunition for recent deflationary accounts of temporal passage that attempt to locate passage somewhere in our non-dynamical world.
Power Amplifiers and Their Feedback Mechanisms for AMB—A Comprehensive Review

Active magnetic bearings (AMB) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their superior performance in various industrial applications. One crucial component of an AMB system is the discrete power amplifier, which plays a vital role in driving the magnetic coils and controlling the position and stability of the rotor. This article provides a comprehensive review of power amplifier technologies in combination with the H bridge converter and feedback sensing circuits used in AMB. In addition, it discusses the design considerations, operational principles, and performance metrics of power amplifiers. Finally, challenges and potential future directions in power amplifier technology for AMB along with conclusions are highlighted.
Systematics of Fejervarya limnocharis (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) and related species. 2. Morphological and molecular variation in frogs from the Greater Sunda islands (Sumatra, Java, Borneo) with the definition of two species

Les grenouilles de l'espece Fejervarya limnocharis et d'especes voisines de celle-ci sont parmi les plus communes en Asie du Sud-Est. Nous avons etudie 52 specimens de huit populations des Iles de la Sonde par les methodes de l'electrophorese d'allozymes, du sequencage d'ADN mitochondrial et de la morphometrie. Les patrons de variation de tous les caracteres entre les populations se montrent congruents pour separer une population de Java de toutes les autres populations (Java, Sumatra, Borneo) et considerer qu'elle appartient a une espece distincte. Les frequences des quatre phenotypes observes concernant la presence et la largeur d'une ligne medio-dorsale dans les populations examinees ne permettent pas de degager de claire correlation avec les caracteres moleculaires et morphometriques. Notre analyse morphometrique permet d'attribuer sans ambiguite le nom Rana limnocharis Gravenhorst, 1829 a l'espece a vaste repartition qui se trouve a Java, Sumatra et Borneo. Les deux taxa vivant en sympatrie, nous donnons un nom nouveau, Fejervarya iskandari, a la population de Chianjur, Java.
Images of the Ice Age

Preface and Acknowledgements List of Illustrations Introduction 1. The Discovery of Ice Age Art 2. The Oldest 'Art' in the World 3. A Worldwide Phenomenon 4. Making a Record 5. How Old is the Art? 6. Fakes and Forgeries 7. Portable Art 8. Blocks, Rock-Shelters, and Caves 9. Art in the Open Air 10. What Was Depicted? 11. Reading the Messages 12. Conclusion Notes References Index
A nano‐scale study in a soil chronosequence from southern Spain

A soil chronosequence from the River Guadalquivir (Spain) was studied at a nanometre scale (10−9 m), this being a poorly investigated aspect of soil genesis. The fine mineral fractions (< 50 µm) were studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and analytical electron microscopy (TEM‐AEM). At a nano‐scale, the dominant materials in the chronosequence were dioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates, such as potassium mica (mainly muscovites and illites), mixed‐layer smectite/illite and smectite (beidellite). Sodium mica brammallite was described for the first time in soils. These dioctahedral phases are related genetically to illite by inheritance of muscovite and posterior transformation of illite into beidellite. These processes involve (i) loss of regularity in the layer stacking sequence in high‐resolution TEM images, even to the point of losing the contrast between layers; (ii) loss of three‐dimensional order in selected area (electron) diffraction (SAED) patterns, with increased diffusivity and weak spots on hkl levels; (iii) smaller layer packets producing superimposed SAED patterns (high‐angle boundaries in 00l); (iv) changing from two‐layer ordered polytypes (2M1) to one‐layer random polytypes (1Md); and (v) chemically, loss of charge and ions in the interlayer. The final result is beidellites with almost tactoid morphologies. As these processes are related to the soil‐forming factor of time it was possible to establish logarithmic chrono‐functions tending to steady state for nano‐scale properties such as the percentage of 2M1 polytypes, the layer charge, interlayer charge and the interlayer ion content in 2:1 phyllosilicates (more smectite‐like micas). This shows that time affects soil‐forming processes at the nano‐scale to the same extent as described for other scales such as ultra‐microfabric (10−6 m), horizon (10−1 m) or pedon (100 m).
Energy pile test at Lambeth College, London: geotechnical and thermodynamic aspects of pile response to heat cycles

Very limited information is available regarding the impact of heating and cooling processes on the geotechnical performance of piled foundations incorporating pipe loops for ground-source heat-pump systems (so-called energy piles). A pile-loading test that incorporated temperature cycles while under an extended period of maintained loading was undertaken to investigate the behaviour of an energy pile installed in London Clay. Testing was carried out over a period of about seven weeks, with conventional loading tests carried out either side of an extended loading test with thermal cycles. Using an optical fibre sensor system, and other more conventional instrumentation, temperature and strain profiles were observed in the test pile, an adjacent bore-hole, two of the anchor piles, and the heat sink pile. Details of load and movement at the pile head, of ambient air temperature and of the input/output temperature of fluid within the heating system were also recorded. Thermodynamic behaviour observed during t.
A Literature Review of Perioperative Outcomes of Robotic Radical Nephrectomy (RRN) Versus Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy (LRN) for Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an adenocarcinoma of the renal cortex. Radical nephrectomy remains the standard of care for managing massive renal tumours. Robotic-assisted radical nephrectomy is an increasing alternative technique to laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN). The da Vinci Surgical System allows for improved dexterity, increased visualisation, tremor filtration and an ergonomic setting to enhance surgeon comfort. The aim was to compare the perioperative outcomes pertaining to operative time, intraoperative complications, blood loss and length of hospital stay between the robotic and LRN for RCC. Studies that compared the perioperative findings between robotic radical nephrectomy (RNN) and LRN for RCC were included. The literature review was carried out according to the Cochrane collaboration standards where applicable. Highly sensitive search strategies like MeSH terms and controlled vocabularies were used to identify relevant studies that compare the RNN outcomes to the LRN. Following the literature search, a total of 73 articles were collected, 60 articles were excluded at the stage of reviewing the titles, eight articles were excluded after reading the abstracts, and five articles were included in this paper. Five studies were included in this analysis, with a total sample size of 1770 patients, 735 were in the robotic arm, and 1035 were in the laparoscopic arm. Generally, there were no differences between both arms in terms of demographic data and age of patients. Closer analysis of the perioperative outcomes did not reveal significant differences between the two groups related to the estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay or post-operative complications. The laparoscopic techniques have less operative time than the robotic ones. RRN is an expanding approach for patients with RCC with some potential technical benefits over laparoscopic ones. RRN is similar to LRN in the perioperative outcomes, with few potential drawbacks of RRN, including higher costs. However, a prospective comparison of RRN with LRN in many cases at multiple centres with long-term oncological results best illustrates the status of RRN versus LRN.
A numerical model for simulation of tephra transport and deposition: Applications to May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens eruption

A numerical model for the computation of tephra fall accumulation resulting from Plinian or sub-Plinian eruptions is presented. Mass accumulation at the ground level is found by solving a continuity equation which describes the transport of tephra in the atmosphere. The treatment incorporates horizontal advection due to wind, vertical gravitational settling, and dispersion due to atmospheric turbulence. Aspects of the parameters which enter the model, such as settling velocity, diffusion coefficients, deposition velocity, and source shape, are considered and discussed. Particular attention is devoted to settling velocity dependence on particle size and density, to deposition velocity behavior in weak and strong wind fields, and to eddy diffusion coefficient dependence on atmospheric conditions, particle size, and density. The results for some theoretical cases are presented to illustrate the behavior of the model. The validity of the model is tested by comparing observed and calculated deposits for the May 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption. The model predicts a double thickness maximum, the first near the volcano, the second at a distance of about 300 km, as was observed in the actual deposit.
Low Carbon Planning of Multiple Integrated Energy Systems Considering Trans-Regional Battery Logistics Network

With the emergence of integrated energy system (IES) paradigm, planning and control of multiple interconnected IESs starts to draw attention in academia. This paper proposes a comprehensive planning framework for a system consisting of multiple battery swapping network-supported IESs and a trans-regional battery logistics network (TRBLN) that delivers batteries among the IESs. Models of the critical components in the studied system are established, and a multi-agent carbon emission reduction model is proposed to enable carbon-reduction in both energy supply and demand sides. Based on these, a low-carbon planning model is formulated for the multi-IES, which aims at minimizing the system's annual cost while satisfying a set of operational constraints. A CPLEX-based numerical optimization approach is developed for solving the proposed planning model and extensive numerical case studies are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in improving the energy efficiency and promoting decarbonization for multiple IESs.
Characteristics of Multiparous Delivering Mothers with Perineal Rupture

Perineal rupture is a cause of postpartum bleeding within the first 24 hours. Hemorrhage is the primary cause of maternal mortality in Indonesia; birth canal trauma is the second leading cause of bleeding after uterine atony. The higher the mother's parity, the more reproductive functions tend to decline. The purpose of this research is to understand the characteristics of multiparous delivering mothers with perineal rupture. This study employs a quantitative descriptive approach. Data collection is derived from secondary sources obtained from medical records in the Delivery Room of the Sorong Regency General Hospital. The study was conducted in June 2023. The sample comprises all multiparous delivering mothers who experienced perineal rupture and met the inclusion criteria in the Delivery Room of the Sorong Regency General Hospital, totaling 242 delivering mothers from January to December 2022. The sampling technique used is Purposive Sampling. Univariate analysis is employed to calculate the frequency distribution, including the age of the mothers, education, occupation, perineal rupture, and newborn baby's weight. The majority of multiparous delivering mothers are between 20-35 years old, totaling 195 individuals (80.6%). The respondents' educational level is predominantly high school (SMA), totaling 124 individuals (51.2%). Non-working mothers account for 166 individuals (68.6%). The most frequent occurrence of perineal rupture is categorized as Level 1, totaling 81 individuals (33.5%). Newborns with the largest birth weight fall into the Normal category (2500-4000 grams), totaling 210 individuals (86.8%). Perineal rupture is one of the factors contributing to postpartum hemorrhage, which can lead to maternal death if not properly managed.
Rates and scales of metamorphic equilibration: The importance of intergranular solubility controlled by fluid composition

Summary Variations over time in the character of compositional zoning in garnet from Harpswell Neck, Maine, resulting from a shift in composition of the metamorphic fluid from CO2-rich to H2O-rich, demonstrate that differential solubility of cations in fluids of variable composition is a fundamental control on the time scales and length scales of chemical equilibration in metamorphic rocks. Introduction: What produces the unusual zoning in garnets from Harpswell Neck, Maine? Garnet is widespread in pelitic schist of the Jewell Formation exposed in coastal outcrops at the southernmost point of the Harpswell Neck peninsula, Maine. The character of chemical zoning in the inner portions of many of these garnets is strikingly different from that in their outer portions, and the zoning of Mn, Fe, and Mg is unlike that of Ca and Y. For Mn, Fe, and Mg, many crystals have irregular, patchy distributions in their cores that give way to smooth, concentric zoning in their outer rims. In contrast, zoning of Ca and Y is comparatively smooth and concentric throughout these crystals. Rims of all crystals share equivalent concentrations of all elements. The interiors of some crystals have overgrown a planar foliation, which is invariably at an angle to the exterior foliation, and is occasionally crenulated. In some crystals, this included foliation is deflected in the outer portions of the garnet, rotating toward parallelism with the external foliation. In rare cases that display transitions in both zoning character and inclusion-trail orientation, the transition between the regions containing a planar foliation and the regions displaying curved inclusion trails is found at approximately the same position as the transition from patchy to concentric zoning in Mn, Fe, and Mg. Initial explanations for these features focused on the interpretation of Mn distributions. Daniel and Spear (1998) and Spear and Daniel (1998) relied on an equilibrium model in which isolated maxima in Mn were regarded as separate sites of nucleation, from which it was inferred that the patchy zoning of Mn, Fe, and Mg resulted from coalescence during growth of separately nucleated crystals.
Differential Evolution With Exponential Crossover: An Experimental Analysis on Numerical Optimization

Since the inception in 1995, Differential Evolution (DE) has gained significant attention from researchers worldwide, and many DE variants proposed in the last decades obtained excellent performance in many scientific and engineering applications. However, the vast majority of these well-performed DE variants employ binomial crossover rather than exponential crossover in generating trial vector candidates though both of the two schemes were proposed simultaneously. That may be also the reason why there still doesn’t exist such a thorough analysis of DE with exponential crossover. Different from the majority of DE researchers believing that DE variants with binomial crossover usually exhibit superior performance than the ones employing exponential crossover and DE variants with exponential crossover are good at tackling optimization problems with linkages among neighboring variables, we found that DE variants with exponential crossover can achieve competitive performance with the ones employing binomial crossover regardless of whether there are linkages among the variables or not after discovering the proper crossover rate $CR$ and its corresponding parameter control. In order to enrich research of DE on exponential crossover, this paper presents an thorough experimental analysis of DE algorithm with exponential crossover in numerical optimization, presenting the basic concepts of exponential crossover, giving the mathematical analysis why they can actually achieve similar optimization between exponential crossover and binomial crossover, experimental validation under the 100 benchmark functions from CEC2013, CEC2014, CEC2017, CEC2022 test suites as well as the tension/compression spring design problem, and summarizing and classifying various engineering applications that exponential crossover DEs are used to solve. Furthermore, we also look into the future challenges and potential directions for further development of DE with exponential crossover.
An Exploration of Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in Acute/Subacute Severe Cerebral Venous Thrombosis with Hereditary Protein C/S Deficiency: Case Series

Background Inflammation was associated with the severity of severe cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) on admission and poor prognosis at discharge. Hereditary protein C/S deficiency (hereditary PCD/PSD) not only promotes thrombosis but also activates the inflammatory response, further inducing venous thrombosis. However, conventional treatments such as standard anticoagulant/endovascular therapy (EVT) do not seem to improve prognosis. Anti-inflammatory therapy may be a new way to treat the disease. Methods We enrolled five patients with acute/subacute severe CVT with hereditary PCD/PSD from January 2020 to July 2022. In addition to standard anticoagulant therapy, all of them were given short-term methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Neurological deficit, increased intracranial pressure, venous recanalization, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory markers and adverse events were retrospectively described before and after treatment and at 6 months after discharge. Results Inflammatory indexes of all patients were significantly elevated on admission. After methylprednisolone pulse therapy, serum inflammatory indexes including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (P=0.043); platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (P=0.043); systemic immune inflammatory index (P=0.043); interleukin-6 (P=0.043) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (P=0.022) reduced dramatically compared with baseline. CSF inflammatory indexes had a decreasing trend compared with baseline (P>0.05). In terms of venous recanalization, one patient achieved complete recanalization, four patients obtained partial recanalization. Compared with baseline on admission, the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and intracranial pressure were all considerably lower at discharge (P=0.029, P=0.041 and P=0.017). At 6-month follow-up, NIHSS and mRS further declined. During hospitalization and 6-month follow-up, none of the five patients experienced severe steroid-related adverse effects such as recurrence of venous thrombosis, spontaneous fracture or osteonecrosis, and gastroduodenal ulcer. Conclusion Acute/subacute severe CVT with hereditary PCD/PSD has high levels of inflammation. In addition to conventional anticoagulant therapy, early anti-inflammatory therapy using steroids may be necessary. Nevertheless, substantial randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are required for further investigation.