Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE AND ADVERSE DRUG REACTION REPORTING AMONG THE PRESCRIBERS AND NURSES IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL OF NORTHERN INDIA

Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the status of knowledge, attitude and practice towards pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting in our teaching hospital.Material & Methods: This study was a crosssectional questionnaire based survey conducted in our tertiary care teaching hospital of North India. Study instrument was a self developed, pre-validated questionnaire consisting of a total of 26 questions. The target respondents were doctors, residents and nurses. Results: A total of 228 questionnaires were considered for analysis, giving a response rate of 64.04%. The highest response rate was seen in residents i.e 53.94%. In our study 61.4% subjects were aware about pharmacovigilance but only 59.6% knew the importance of pharmacovigilance. The attitude of all the respondents was positive towards ADR reporting and a large number 73.2% thought that ADR reporting is necessary. The reporting rate in our institute was only 27.63% and the main reasons attributed for non reporting/under-reporting were lack of awareness of how to report and where to report, paucity of time, indifference, diffidence and non remuneration. Conclusion: Under-reporting is a grave problem in our institute also similar to other colleges of India. Increasing awareness by regular CME’s, symposiums, distribution of booklets, newsletters, display of posters across the hospital with World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 5.045 Volume 3, Issue 6, 771-786. Research Article ISSN 2277 – 7105 Article Received on 05 June 2014, Revised on 30 June 2014, Accepted on 25 July 2014
EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF OVERQUALIFICATION ON EMPLOYEES’ JOB ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOUR: EVIDENCE FROM BANKING SECTOR EMPLOYEES IN SRI LANKA

This study examined the impact of perceived over qualification on employees’ job attitudes and turnover intentions in Sri Lankan context where free education system exists. Questionnaire was used to collect the data. Purpose of the research was discussed with participants. Initially discussion was conducted with 150 employees who voluntarily participated in this study from banking sector, finally 130 participants agreed to fill out the questionnaire. Of the selected sample 100 questionnaires was complete and usable for this study. Correlation and regression analysis was performed to test the hypothesised relationship. Findings of the study indicated that perceived over qualification was negatively related to job satisfaction, affective and continuance organizational commitments. Further study found positive relationship between overqualification and intention to turnover. On the basis of these findings, managerial implications of the study and future research direction was highlighted.
Defluoridation of contaminated drinking water using neem charcoal adsorbent: Kinetics and equilibrium studies

Drinking water is often the main source of fluoride intake by humans, especially in areas where their concentrations in groundwater and/or surface water is high. Endemic fluorosis is present in at least 20 states of India, affecting more than 65 million people including 6 million children. Fluoride ion (F) concentrations in India’s groundwater vary widely, ranging from 0.01 mg/L to 48 mg/L. Defluoridation of ground water and supply of safe drinking water is the only immediate solution to this problem. The present investigation is an attempt towards a feasible solution. Batch experimental runs at room temperature were performed to evaluate the adsorption capacity of neem charcoal from aqueous solutions. Adsorption studies for defluoridation on neem charcoal powder showed that the adsorbent were highly influenced by temperature, p of the solution, and initial fluoride concentration.
Modeling of Drying Process and Energy Consumption of Onion (Ex-gidankwanoSpp.) Slices in a Hybrid Crop Dryer

High consumption of energy in the drying industry has prompted extensive research regarding various aspects of crop drying energy consumption. Specific energy consumption, moisture ratio and thermal efficiency in drying of fresh ex-gidankwano onions variety were determined using a hybrid electric-gas dryer at air temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 o C, and at air velocities of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5m/s. Thin layer models were selected by carrying out statistical analyses to fit the drying rate data to themodels. The Page drying model was found more suitable to describe the drying behaviour of onions slices based on its highest average R 2 -values of 0.99 and lowest average RMSE of 3.91for all temperatures and air velocitiesirrespective of the heat source. Records of drying rates and energy consumption were made using electronic weighing balances and the Arduino microprocessor respectively. Results obtained show that the specific energy consumption decreases with increase in air temperature but increases with increase in air velocity in both heat sources. The minimum and maximum specific energies for the electric and gas heat sources were 48.73MJ/kg and 90.21MJ/kg, and 36.83MJ/kg and64.65MJ/kg of moisture evaporated respectively.The thermal efficiency of the heat sources increased proportionally with increasing drying air temperature and decreased with increase in drying air velocity with maximum values of 54.8% and 68.2% for the electric and gas heaters respectively. The gas heat source performed more efficiently in terms of energy consumption and thermal efficiency at different temperatures and air velocities.
Initiation of Oxidative Processes in Muscle Foods

The physical and chemical changes in muscle foods during the conversion of muscle to meat and post-mortem storage and utilization may alter the quality, amount, nutritional value, healthfulness and safety of meat. The quality properties are affected by biophysical interactions (Swatland, 1989) and physicochemical events (Acton et al., 1983). Changes in product or external conditions during storage result in deterioration of quality, including discoloration, development of off-flavors, loss of nutrients, textural changes and progression of spoilage and/or pathogenicity (Skibsted et al., 1994). Metabolic reactions resulting from biological membrane disruption (Stanley, 1991) and biochemical oxidative processes (Xiong and Decker, 1995) are major influences on deteriorative changes. Muscle foods are susceptible to oxidative activity because of their lipid, protein, pigment, vitamin and carbohydrate composition (Kanner, 1994). For this review, oxidation will be defined as the transfer of electrons, hydrogen abstraction or flow of unpaired electrons. With this definition, oxidative processes may occur with all chemical constituents in muscle foods. Although it is common to refer to factors that initiate oxidative processes in foods as “catalysts,” chemical catalysts are usually defined as substances that provide a low energy alternative mechanism or pathway for production of reaction products and may be recovered from the reaction mixture chemically unchanged (Brady and Humiston, 1975). Using these basic definitions of oxidative processes and catalysts, there would be few initiators of oxidation in biological materials that are chemically unchanged during the oxidation-reduction reactions.
Reproductive health : knowledge and attitude among Sohag university students , Egypt

Introduction: The area of reproductive health is under investigated in Egypt due to cultural sensitivities. The aim of this study is to explore the knowledge and attitude toward reproductive health of university students and to identify factors affecting these knowledge and attitude. Subjects and Methods: This is a cross sectional study. Well structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from students in Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA program. Results: This study included 863 students (55% males and 45% females). The knowledge score achieved was 56% with is no significant difference between males and females. The score was significantly affected by faculty and grade of study, residence, religions of students, parents’ educations and work, and health education. The attitude score achieved was 60.5%. It was significantly affected by faculty type, religions of students, parents’ educations and health education. Conclusion and recommendations: The level of knowledge about reproductive health is low. We recommend that inclusion of reproductive health in the curriculums will improve reproductive health of the students and will protect them from sexually transmitted disease. [Fouad M. A. Yousef , Ahmed Fathy Hamed and Nour alhoda Mostafa Mohamed Raswan. Reproductive health: knowledge and attitude among Sohag university students, Egypt. J Am Sci 2013;9(4):572-579]. (ISSN: 15451003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org. 61
Macrophages and the Viral Dissemination Super Highway Introduction

Citation: Arielle Klepper and Andrea D Branch. “Macrophages and the Viral Dissemination Super Highway”. EC Microbiology 2.3 (2015): 328-336. The ability to infect and replicate in macrophages is implicated in the pathogenesis of many viruses, such as influenza virus [1], rabies virus [2], and dengue virus [3]. This review analyzes four viruses in which well-defined mutations have been identified that confer the ability to infect macrophages. The four viruses are lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), feline corona viruses (FCoV), Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), and human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Comparison of the parental and macrophage-tropic forms of these viruses allows the biological effects of macrophage infection to be identified. In addition to these four viruses, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pathogenesis will also be examined. HCMV will be used to illustrate how a virus’s ability to induce monocyte to macrophage differentiation expands sites of replication and promotes widespread, efficient viral dissemination. The pathways five diverse viruses use to exploit monocytes and macrophages and gain access to internal organs are summarized below (Figure 1). Collectively, these viruses represent extremely disparate branches of the viral family tree, allowing the potential benefits and costs of macrophage tropism to be considered from a broad perspective. The properties of these viruses are summarized in Table 1.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Health Care Issue 3, Vol 6. December 2013 Available online on http://www.rspublication.com/ijphc/index.html ISSN 2249 – 5738

The present study was carried out to investigate the possible toxicity in liver and kidney of adult mice exposed to a combination of three solvents, viz., benzene, toluene and xylene, in a 1:1:1: ratio, similar to that used in paint and thinner industries. The mice were divided into three groups viz., Control, Low Dose (450ppm) and High Dose (675ppm) treatment groups using randomization methods. The treated groups were exposed to vapours of a mixture of benzene, toluene and xylene at a low dose of 450ppm and a high dose of 675ppm, for 6 hours per day, for a short-term, 7 day exposure period. The study revealed that the exposure to the solvent mixture caused an increase in the weights of liver and kidney as compared to control. Following exposure significant histological alteration was observed in both liver and kidney. Biochemical analyses indicated a significant decline in the activities of free radical scavenging enzymes SOD and Catalase in both treated groups, with corresponding increase in lipid peroxidation. Solvent exposure also resulted in elevated activity of serum aminotransferases (ALT, AST) which are marker enzymes for liver function, with significant alterations in the levels of protein, creatinine and cholesterol in these tissues. In correlation serum thyroid hormones T3 and T4 were also significantly altered. This study therefore demonstrates that exposure to the solvent mixture resulted in significant dose dependent biochemical and histological changes in the vital tissues (liver and kidney) studied. The study has specific relevance since human beings are increasingly being exposed to such solvents due to their increased use in combinations in paint related industries.
PT4_OA_Harpal 1 edit

Background: There are a number of lesions that could affect the stomach varying from dyspepsia to highly lethal cancers; that can be chronic and incapacitating or merely an occasional discomfort or asymptomatic. Objective: The study was done to establish a correlation between endoscopic findings and histopathological characteristics of the various pathological gastric lesions. Methods: The study was a prospective study and done on 150 affected patients in 2 years. The endoscopic biopsy was taken from number of points of suspicious lesion for histopathologic diagnosis of the type of gastric lesions. The biopsies were fixed in formalin and adequately processed. The sections were stained with routine Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Giemsa staining for H.pylori was also done. Results: In this study the most common clinical indications for endoscopic biopsy were pain epigastrium (82.0%) and dyspepsia (67.3%) with mean age of 54.25 and male predominance (1.9:1). The various gastric lesions were chronic gastritis (66.0%), adenocarcinoma (8.0%), no specific diagnosis (8.0%), dysplasia (4.7%), hyperplastic polyp (4.7%), acute on chronic gastritis (3.3%), eosinophilic gastritis (2.0%), acute gastritis (1.3%), intestinal metaplasia (1.3%) and chronic atrophic gastritis (0.7%). Conclusion: H. pylori is most commonly associated with acute on chronic gastritis.
(+)-Aeroplysinin-1 inhibits Akt and Erk pathway signaling selectively in endothelial cells

(+)-Aeroplysinin-1 is a brominated alkaloid compound used by some sponges for defense due to its potent antibiotic effects. (+)-Aeroplysinin-1 has a wide spectrum of anti-tumoral action and behaves as a potent anti-angiogenic compound for bovine aortic endothelial cells. EGFR has been suggested as a molecular target of (+)-aeroplysinin-1 as an anti-tumor compound. We have previously shown that (+)-aeroplysinin-1 prevents the phosphorylation of Bad and this relates to the mitochondria-mediated induction of apoptosis by this compound. In the present study we have tested the potential of (+)-aeroplysinin-1 to inhibit a panel of protein kinase activities and the effects of (+)-aeroplysinin-1 treatment on Akt and Erk signalling pathways. Our results clearly show that (+)-aeroplysinin-1 does not inhibit EGFR, VEGFR, Akt, Erk and other 19 protein kinase activities in vitro but (+)-aeroplysinin-1 treatment causes an inhibition of both Akt and Erk phosphorylation in endothelial cells.
Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Employee Job Performance in Guilan Public Sector

The aim of this research is to study the job satisfaction and job performance in Guilan public sector. The method is correlative and population size is according to budgeting and planning statistic annals of 2009 include 6863 individuals. Sample size is 323 and selected by available non-probable samples. Data were collected by questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. Results show that there is a meaningful relationship between job satisfaction In-role performance and innovative job performance and findings are in accordance with previous researches.
Reported Allergy to Milk Species in Schoolchildren of Fez-Meknes Region and its Relationship to Life Environment

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Fez ve civarındaki okullarda eğitim gören çocuklarda süt alerjisi (SA) prevalansı değerlendirildi ve bunun yaşam ortamı ile ilişkisi belirlendi. Hastalar ve yöntemler: Çalışmaya Fez merkezi ve civar beldelerden toplam 3.066 ortaokul ve lise öğrencisi (1.533 erkek, 1.533 kız; ort. yaş 13.8 yıl; dağılım 11-20 yıl) dahil edildi. Deneklere cinsiyet, yaş, emzirilme durumu, süt ve süt ürünleri tüketimi gibi kişisel veriler ve aşırı duyarlılık yaşamalarına neden olan herhangi bir gıda olup olmadığı hakkında sorular içeren bir anket formu uygulandı. Yüz otuz dört deneğin kan numuneleri çiğ inek sütüne karşı immünoglobülin E ile oluşan reaksiyonlar açısından incelendi. Bulgular: Sonuçlar okul çocuklarının %28’inin gıdaya, %6.9’unun süte karşı alerji bildirdiğini gösterdi. Hayvan sütü türleri içinde inek sütüne duyarlılık daha fazla bildirildi (%2.4%; bunu keçi sütü (%1.4) ve deve ve koyun sütü (%1’den az) izledi. Süt alerjisi kentsel alanda (%6.1) kırsal alana göre (%5.6) daha yaygın idi. Süt alerjisi oranı kızlarda (%8.7) erkeklerdekinden (%5.1) daha yüksek idi. Sonuç: Yaşam tarzı, emzirilme durumu ve cinsiyet gibi etkenler popülasyonlarda SA dağılımını etkileyebilir.
A Review Study on Various Hierarchical Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network

: Wireless sensing technology is ubiquitous these days. The tremendous growth in the sensor network has been due to the demanding solutions for the limited energy constraints on WSN. In due prospect, various routing protocols have been designed to efficiently utilize those energy resources. Hierarchical routing is one of the best routing strategy which deals with the evenly distribution of load in the network, leading to the lifetime enhancement of the network. This paper focus on the introducing the WSN in brief along with its applications then the major portion of the paper is intended to review the advancement in the hierarchical routing protocols which aim to enhance network lifetime. Then the study done on the clustered protocols is recapitulated by giving the tabular comparison for some of the most recent routing protocols. It has been found that clustering protocols are with consummate potential to enhance the network lifetime.
Comparison of EDFA and Raman amplifiers effects on RZ and NRZ encoding techniques in DWDM optical network with bit rate of 80 Gb/s

Transmission of data through the communication networks is possible by using different methods of modulation and encoding. The aim of using these techniques is to efficiently use bandwidth and transmission of digital data by using carrier waves. There is no exception for optical communication systems in which we transmit optical pulses via the light waves. Yet, propagation of the light wave through the optical fibers would incur power loss due to different attenuation mechanisms. Such a situation will cause errors in detection of signals at the receiver end. So, to circumvent this problem, use of optical amplifiers is required. Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and Raman amplifier (RA) are the most popular ones, which are used widely in the optical communications systems. In this study, by simulating a DWDM optical link with a bit rate of 80 Gb/s and a link span of 80 km, the effects of EDFA and RA on NRZ and RZ encoding techniques for modulation are investigated by using Optisystem software solver and the received optical signals are analyzed by the corresponding eye-diagrams and Q-factors.
EFFECT OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ON BIOFILM FORMATION BY STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Dental biofilms are majorly developed by Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic microorganism and are one of the major effects of glucosyltransferases (Gtf) produced by it. This study was conducted to determine the antagonistic potential of probiotic bacteria against S. mutans biofilm formation. We studied the anti-biofilm formation ability of three Lactobacillus species viz L. rhamnosus, L. acidophilus and L. plantarum. Inhibition of biofilm formation was checked on a cell culture cluster. The samples with robust inhibitory activity were selected to check their effect on Gtf activity by estimating the changes in the amount of glucan synthesized, the Gtf catalyzed reaction product. The results showed that, the cell free broth of L. plantarum and L. acidophilus has significant inhibitory and displacement activity on biofilm formation by the cariogenic organism when employed individually and in combination. Further, the interference (80% reduction) in glucan synthesis observed by applying these lactic acid bacteria (LAB) samples suggested their possible role in inhibition of glucosyltransferase (insoluble) [GtfI]. In conclusion, our studies demonstrated repressive activities of two LAB species, on the expression of S. mutans virulence genes to reduce its biofilm formation which may be associated with Gtf-I enzyme. Thus the observations would help to develop a potent strategy to combat dental plaque. INTRODUCTION: Regardless of all the advancements in oral health sciences, one of the worst global health concerns affecting humans of all ages (especially children) is that of plaque related and caries related diseases. Dental caries is an annihilation of the dental hard tissues. Their uncritical quality and omnipresence have decreased their importance in the overall human health. Nonetheless the global encumbrance regarding the care of these dental issues can be astounding.
Comparison of TNF-α Levels between Lingual & Labial Intrusion Running title : TNF-α , Miniscrew

The aims of the present study was to assess the level of (TNF-α) interleukin in the gingival fluid taken from around the miniscrew and the teeth during intrusion of anterior segment with labial and lingual approaches.Material &Method: The sample use for the study was consist from 20 male adult subjects complaining (class I, II malocclusion) with no any systemic diseases,requiring maxillary incisor intrusion with deep bite (4-5 mm), with overjet not more than (4mm),divided into two equal groupswith labial fitting brackets and the other with lingual fitting brackets, two miniscrews1.6mm in diameter with 7mm was placed at the mucogingival junction distal to the maxillary lateral incisors between the lateral and canine, palatal miniscrew was inserted (7mm) height from the main arch wire, TNF-α level was examine in the gingival cervicular fluid samples taken from around the teeth and miniscrews ,just before treatment ,1 hour,1 st day,7 th day.Results:in labial and lingual control intrusion no significant differences in TNF–α level but there is an increase in the level of TNF-α after one hour from treatment start, while TNF-α level in around miniscrew, treated teeth in labial& lingual intrusion an increase in its level after starting the treatment (1 hour), 1st day, but returning back to decrease after 1 week with highly significant differences between the groups at significance level p<0.05. the level of TNF-α at all in all comparing lingual groups are lower than that of labial groups with no significance differences at significance level p< 0.05. Conclusion:the effect on the level of TNF-α whendoing intrusion of maxillary anterior segment from labial site with aids of two miniscrews between lateral and canine , the same as when use the single miniscrew adjusted 7mm high to the main arch wire in the lingual site.
A study on the determinant of chemical composition of the essential oils of Algerian citrus

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils of Algerian citrus. They were extracted by hydrodistillation from the leaves of citrus species (orange, Bigaradier, mandarin and lemon), using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Their chemical composition and antifungal activity against four phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp., albedinis sp, Penicelium sp., Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp.) were studied. The inhibiting minimal concentration (CMI) effect was also given for four oils. Ten compounds were recorded jointly among the 51 identified, of which limonene (7.18 to 36.10%), β-pinene (4.35 to 30.0%) and linalool (0.21 to 63.03%) represent the principal major compounds. These results indicate that essential oils can be employed as natural fungicides against phytopathogenic fungi.