Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fusion and Discrimination: A Multimodal Graph Contrastive Learning Framework for Multimodal Sarcasm Detection

—Identifying the sarcastic cues from both textual and visual information has become an important research issue, called Multimodal Sarcasm Detection. In this paper, we investigate multimodal sarcasm detection from a novel perspective, where a multimodal graph contrastive learning strategy is proposed to fuse and distinguish the sarcastic cues from both text-and image-modality. Specifically, we first utilize object detection to derive the crucial visual regions accompanied by their captions of the images, which allows better learning of the image-modality and better modeling of the relations between visual regions. In addition, to make full use of the semantic information of the image-modality, we employ optical character recognition to extract the textual descriptions in the images. Then, based on image regions and the textual descriptions of the image-modality and the context of the text-modality, we build a multimodal graph for each instance to model the intricate relations and incongruous sentiment expressions between modalities. Furthermore, we devise a graph-oriented contrastive learning strategy to leverage the correlations in the same label and differences between different labels, so as to capture better multimodal representations for multimodal sarcasm detection. Extensive experiments and in-depth analysis show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art models in multimodal sarcasm detection.
1 Accumulation of defense systems in phage resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Prokaryotes encode multiple distinct anti-phage defense systems in their genomes. However, the impact of carrying a multitude of defense systems on phage resistance remains unclear, especially in a clinical context. Using a collection of antibiotic-resistant clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a broad panel of phages, we demonstrate that defense systems contribute substantially to defining phage host range and that overall phage resistance scales with the number of defense systems in the bacterial genome. We show that many individual defense systems are specific to phage genera, and that defense systems with complementary phage specificities co-occur in P. aeruginosa genomes likely to provide benefits in phage-diverse environments. Overall, we show that phage-resistant phenotypes of P. aeruginosa with at least 19 phage defense systems exist in the populations of clinical, antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa strains.
Interactive cognitive maps support ﬂexible behavior under threat

In social environments, survival can depend upon inferring and adapting to other agents’ goal-directed behavior. However, it remains unclear how humans achieve this, despite the fact that many decisions must account for complex, dynamic agents acting according to their own goals. Here, we use a predator-prey task (total n = 510) to demonstrate that humans exploit an interactive cognitive map of the social environment to infer other agents’ preferences and simulate their future behavior, providing for ﬂexible, generalizable responses. A model-based inverse reinforcement learning model explained participants’ inferences about threatening agents’ preferences, with participants using this inferred knowledge to enact generalizable, model-based behavioral responses. Using tree-search planning models, we then found that behavior was best explained by a planning algorithm that incorporated simulations of the threat’s goal-directed behavior. Our results indicate that humans use a cognitive map to determine other agents’ preferences, facilitating generalized predictions of their behavior and effective responses.
Global and Planetary Change

Anthropogenic climate change, particularly through increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is projected to impact 21st century precipitation distribution, altering ﬂ uvial processes such as riverine water discharge and sediment dynamics, worldwide. Changes in ﬂ uvial water and sediment discharges can have profound impacts on the functioning and connectivity of earth's natural systems. In this paper, we study the natural sensitivity of water discharge and suspended sediment ﬂ uxes in large global river systems to predicted climate change in the 21st century. A global-scale hydro-geomorphic model (WBMsed) was forced with precipitation and temperature projections generated by ﬁ ve General Circulation Models (GCMs), each driven by four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). Anthropogenic drivers were excluded from the simulations in order to isolate the signal of 21st century climate change. The results, based on an ensemble of model outputs, revealed that global river discharge and sediment dynamics are highly sensitive to anthropogenic climate change in the 21st century. Increasing global warming will lead to more extreme changes and greater rates of changes (increasing or decreasing) in both variables. Despite substantial regional heterogeneity, a global net increase is projected for both natural river discharge and sediment ﬂ ux toward the end of the 21st century under all climate change scenarios. These increases are larger with increasing levels of atmospheric warming. At the end of this century, projected climate changes under RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 scenarios, will lead to 2%, 6%, 7.5% and 11% increases respectively in mean global river discharge relative to the 1950 – 2005 period, while mean global suspended sediment ﬂ ux will show 11%, 15%, 14% and 16.4% increases under pristine conditions. In addition to magnitudes, inter-annual variability also increases with increasing warming. Changes in sediment ﬂ ux closely follow the patterns predicted for discharge, and are mostly driven by climate warming-induced spatial and temporal variation in precipitation. However, the relationship between precipitation, discharge and sediment ﬂ ux was found to be non-linear both in space and time, demonstrating the utility of explicit modeling of both hydrology and geomorphology.
Mineral Analysis from the Peridotite-Gabbro-Basalt Complex at Site 334, DSDP Leg 37

Fifty-one analyses of silicates, oxides, and sulfides from a suite of ultrabasic and basic rocks at Site 334 are presented. The intrusive rocks show rhythmic, cryptic, and phase layering and are closely analogous to the Rhum-layered intrusion. The extrusive rocks are mineralogically similar to the intrusives, but are unlikely to be genetically related to them.
Response of forage cropping sequences to farmyard manure and fertilizer under irrigated condition

A field experiment was conducted during 1990 91 to 1999 2000 to study the response of forage cropping sequences to farmyard manure (FYM) and various fertilizer levels under irrigated condition. The 10 year pooled data indicated the promising role of legume based cropping sequence, i.e. sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] in rainy season, berseem (Trifolium alexandinum L.) in winter and pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend. Stuntz] in summer season, and gave significantly maximum green forage, dry matter and w ciude protein yields of 106.29, 20.90 and 2.56 tonneslhalyear, respectively, along with gross monetary returns of Rs 40,000lha year. An application of 75% recommended dose of NPK with 10 tonnes FYMlha to each crop in the rainy and winter seasons gave significantly higher green forage, dry matter and crude protein yields and also the gross monetary returns.
Detection of cdt and clb Genes in pathogenic E.coli

Background: Many diseases create the cytolethal-distending toxin (CDT), which is representative of an emerging family of recently identified bacterial compounds. O bjective : This study was performed to detect the antibiotic resistance properties and distribution of cdtB and clbA in E. coli strains isolated from urine and stool samples. Materials and Methods: The sensitivity test was evaluated by using different types of antibiotics in the current study, and the cdtB and clb genes were detected by PCR in all bacterial isolates. Results: The antibiotics sensitivity test show variable degrees of sensitivity and resistance. The high percentage of sensitivity was achieved against amikacin at a percentage of 86% and ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, gentamicin, and tobramycin at a percentage of 80%, whereas trimethoprim and aztreonam at 64% and 60% respectively. In this study, most isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (92%); while showing different degrees of resistance against other types of antibiotics ranging from tetracycline (62%) to amikacin 4%. The frequency of MDR bacteria was about 64 % (32 isolates), 30 from urine, and 2 others from stool. The results showed that the clbA gene was found in 6 bacterial isolates (12%), whereas the other 44 (88%) isolates don’t have this gene, while the cdtB gene wasn’t found in any one of the bacterial isolates. Conclusions: E.
Influence of seed rate and planting geometry on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max) varieties

A study was conducted during 2015 and 2016 Rudrur, Nizamabad, Telangana, to study the response of 2 varieties, viz. JS 335, Asb 22, and 7 planting geometries vis-a-vis seed rate (30 cm 10 cm, 30 cm 15 cm, 30 cm 30 cm, 45 cm 10 cm, 45 cm 15 cm, 45 cm 30 cm, 45 cm 45 cm) in split-plot design, replicated thrice. Seed yield was significantly influenced by varieties and plant geometries. Between the 2 varieties studied, Asb 22 was found superior to JS 335 with mean seed yield of 2808 kg/ha, being 12% higher over existing variety JS 335 with mean seed yield of 2209 kg/ha. Among plant geometries, 30 cm 15 cm resulted in significantly higher yield (2,874 kg/ha) closely followed by 45 cm 10 cm (2,675 kg/ha) and 45 cm 15 cm (2,614 kg//ha) over the existing spacing 30 cm 10 cm (2,500 kg/ha ). Yield reduction with 30 cm 10 cm was to the extent of 612% compared to plant geometry of 30 cm 15 cm or 45 cm 10 cm. Variety Asb 22 was found economically superior with net returns of `58,519/ha and benefit: cost ratio 2.56, being 40% higher over existing variety JS 335 with net returns of 41,774/ha and benefit: cost ratio of 1.86. Plant geometry with 30 cm 15 cm proved superior with net returns 59,361/ha. However, cultivation of soybean with plant geometry of 45 cm 10 cm or 45 cm 15 cm was on par with 30 cm 15 cm, with net returns of 53,569/ha and 53,444/ha, respectively.
Combining differential SAR interferometry and the probability integral method for three-dimensional deformation monitoring of mining areas

ABSTRACT With the exploitation of coal resources, ground surface subsidence continues to occur in mining areas, destroying the ecological environment and significantly affecting the daily productivity and life of humans. The differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (D-InSAR) technique is widely used to monitor ground surface deformation because of its unique advantages such as high accuracy and wide coverage. However, conventional D-InSAR technology provides only one-dimensional (1D) displacement monitoring along the radar line of sight (LOS). This article proposes a method based on an analysis of the mining subsidence law for true three-dimensional (3D) displacement monitoring by combining D-InSAR and a subsidence prediction model based on the probability integral method. In this approach, 1D displacement, obtained using D-InSAR, is then combined with the prediction model to obtain the 3D displacement of ground surface target points. Here, 3D displacement curves were obtained for the Fengfeng mining area (China) using RadarSat-2 images obtained on 9 January and 2 February 2011. True ground surface displacement was measured simultaneously by levelling when the 152under31 s working face was being exploited in Jiulong mine. Vertical displacement and inclined deformation calculated using the proposed method were compared with levelling survey data and the results showed average differences of 3.2 mm and 0.1 mm m−1, respectively; the calculated maximum displacement in the east–west and south–north directions were 106 and 73 mm, respectively. The spatial distribution of the displacements was in accordance with the mining subsidence law. Thus, the new method can retrieve highly accurate 3D displacements caused by mining subsidence.
Evaluation of agro-chemicals for enhancing the productivity and profitability of late-sown Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) under acidic soils of Manipur

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 201516 and 201718 at Imphal, Manipur to in- vestigate the best combination of agro-chemicals for maximizing the productivity and profitability of late-sown In- dian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson] under moisture-stress conditions. The experiment was laid out with 9 treatment combinations of hydrogel and thiourea in randomized completely block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The results indicated that productivity and economic efficiency increased by 68.9% and 39.7% and 88.3% and 45.1% with 5.0 kg hydrogel + 0.05% thiourea at 50% flowering and at siliquae formation over the con- trol and water spray twice at 50% flowering and at siliquae formation respectively. The significant improvement in growth attributes like plant height (116.8 cm), dry-matter accumulation/plant (16.9 g/plant), number of primary and secondary branches (4.1 and 6.3/ plant), leaf-area index (LAI) at 45 days after sowing (DAS): 3.2) and 75 DAS (5.7) and yield attributes such as siliqua/plant (155) seed yield (1.56 t/ha), biological yield (1.56 t/ha), oil recovery (648 kg/ha), protein recovery (263 kg/ha). The economic benefit: in term of gross and net returns (64.58 and 30.99 103 /ha) and benefit: cost ratio (0.92) reflected that feasibility of the treatment over the control and water spray at 50% flowering and at siliquae formation.
Enhancement of productivity, water- and nutrient use efficiency and economics through drip fertigation and tray seedlings in FCV tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) under irrigated Alfisols of Andhra Pradesh

A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive seasons (2014–16) and a bulk trial for one year (2016– 17) at ICAR-Central Tobacco Research Institute Research station, Jeelugumilli, West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh under semi arid tropical climate to study the effect of different combinations of drip irrigation, furrow irrigation, tray seedlings, normal seedlings, drip ferti-gation and soil application of fertilizers at 3rd, 25–30, 40–45 days after planting or 10, 25–30, 40–45 days after planting, on green leaf yield (GLY), cured lead yield (CLY), grade index (GI), leaf nicotine and reducing sugars, water- and fertilizer use efficiency as well as economics in FCV tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The experiment was laid out in a RBD with five replications, nine treatment combinations and was conducted with specified treatments for the first two years and bulk plots during the following year. Two separate plots, viz. N0 P26.2K99. 6 (T10) and N120P26.2K0 (T11) were grown for comparison and calculation of N and K use efficiencies during the first two years. T4 (drip irrigation, tray seedlings, drip fertigation at 3rd, 20–25 and 40–45 DAP) and T2 (drip irrigation, tray seedlings, drip ferti-gation at 10, 25–30 and 40–45 DAP) recorded increased GLY by 23.87, 16.95, CLY by 16.67, 13.83 and GI by 23.43, 21.46% during first and second years, respectively and also higher leaf nicotine when compared to furrow irrigation, normal seedlings, soil application of fertilizers (T9 ) i.e. farmers practice. N, P, K uptake and nitrogen and potassium use efficiencies under different treatments were evaluated. Bulk plots grown with tray seedlings, drip irrigation and drip fertigation accrued additional profit of `25,285, benefit: cost ratio of 1.82, WUE of 11.74 kg of cured leaf/ ha-mm of water as compared to 5.77 kg of cured leaf/ha-mm in normal seedlings, furrow irrigation and soil application of fertilizers. Only 57.2% of total quantity of furrow irrigation is required for drip irrigation and there is 203.5% increase in WUE with drip irrigation as compared to furrow irrigation.
Effect of irrigation scheduling and nutrient management on productivity, profitability and nutrient uptake of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown under zero-tilled condition in south-eastern Rajasthan

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Kota, Rajasthan, during the winter (rabi) seasons of 201112, 201213 and 201314, to evaluate effect of irrigation scheduling and nutrient management practices on productivity, profitability and nutrient uptake of wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol. ] grown under zero-tillage condition in south eastern Rajasthan. Treatments comparised irrigation schedules in main plots, viz. irrigation water: cumulative pan evaporation (IW: CPE) 0.8 and IW: CPE 1.0, and nutrient-manage- ment practices in sub plots, viz. 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF 120 kg/ha nitrogen, 40 kg/ha P O 2 5 and 30 kg/ha potash), 125% RDF and 150% RDF, were laid out in split-plot design with 4 replication. Irrigation at an IW: CPE of 1.0 significantly increased plant height (85.3 cm), leaf-area index (3.64) and dry-matter accumula- tion (894.2 g/m2) at 90 days after sowing (DAS), effective tillers/m2 (489), ear length (9.27 cm), grains/ear (45.3) and 1,000-seed weight (36.82g), grain yield (4.16 t/ha), straw yield (6.50 t/ha), N (69.6 and 44.0 kg/ha), P (15.7 and 3.52 kg/ha) and K (20.6 and 153.1 kg/ha) uptake by grain and straw, respectively, protein content (10.5%), net returns ( 56,004/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (3.30), production efficiency (28.7 kg/ha/day) and economic effi- ciency ( 386/ha/day) and water-use efficiency (80.1 kg/ha-cm)) than the irrigation at IW:CPE of 0.8. However, maximum harvest index and water productivity were observed with the irrigation at an IW: CPE ratio of 0.8. Among nutrient-management practices, 125% RDF registered significantly higher growth and yield attributes, grain yield (4.04 t/ha), net returns ( 54,058/ha) and all the efficiency indices, N, P and K uptake by grain and straw. How- ever, significant improvement in straw yield was observed up to 150% RDF. Maximum harvest index and benefit: cost ratio were found only with 100% RDF.
Influence of temperature and predation risk on herbivore micro habitat choice in a South African savanna

The challenging conditions animals face on the African savanna influence their time budget. To accomplish the activities needed for survival they have to trade-off the amount of time they can invest in each activity. One well studied example is the trade-off between foraging and avoiding predators. Another trade-off is between avoiding predation and heat stress. In the face of climate change escaping high temperatures is an important behavioural response in animals. Between March and June of 2016 the trade-off between perceived predation risk (with visibility as a proxy) and heat stress was examined for mammalian herbivores (with a focus on ungulates) in Hluhluwe-Imfolozi Park, South Africa. The woody vegetation was manipulated in experimental plots to create a difference in visibility, and animal visitation was recorded through camera traps. The difference in woody vegetation was also predicted to affect temperature which was measured in all plots via Thermochron iButtons. Four species; impala (Aepyceros melampus), white rhino (Ceratotherium simun), plains zebra (Equus quagga), and blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) had enough visitation data for analysis. Impala visitation increased with increasing visibility, and impala showed a temporal avoidance of high temeratures. White rhino visitiation on the other hand was not influenced by visibiliy, but was positively related to average maximum temperature. The results show that perceived predation risk affect micro habitat choice in animals, and that they respond to high temperatures. These findings are important for managing animal populations on the African savanna, especially when concidering the future ramifications of climate change.
Studying The Factors Contributing Towards Internet Gaming Disorder Among College Students

Now-a-days, Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has become an important research area. Several risk factors associated with IGD have been identified; however a lack of consensus regarding what factors contribute the most still exists. The present study investigated the role of all factors in IGD and to identify the most contributing factors to IGD. College students (N=328) aged 17-20 years; 160 males and 168 females provided data on a booklet measuring personal, psychological, social, and internet-related factors. On analysis, the findings of the study demonstrated the meaningful predictors for diagnosis of IGD under DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Findings have proved the significant role of cluster of factors in IGD establishment. All the factors played significant role in predicting IGD; however psychological and social factors predicted IGD the most. Aggression, loneliness and pro-social behaviour from social factors caused IGD rapidly than other risk factors. Findings could have the implications for the psychiatrists and psychologists by working on psychological and social factors for prevention of IGD.
Urban Environmental Quality in Two Belgian Cities, Evaluated on the Basis of Residential Choices and GIS Data

Our objective in this paper is to analyse empirically the effects of environmental quality on residential location choices in two Belgian cities, using a detailed description of the urban environment derived from remotely sensed data and using GIS tools. According to urban models which include amenities, environmental quality may influence land rents and location by income in the city. In order to test these relations, average land rents and mean income per district are regressed on distance to the centre and several environmental characteristics, using the instrumental variables method in order to take account of endogeneity. Fourteen environmental variables, representing socioeconomic facilities and natural attributes are obtained from aerial photographs, satellite images, and ancillary data. Their spatial representations are constructed using GIS functions. The empirical results confirm the impact of greenery on location choice and the existence of a higher environmental quality at the periphery than near the centre of the two cities. They also reveal that the impact of environmental quality components on residential location depends on the shape and history of the cities and on the relative scarcity of the environmental attributes.
Efficacy of p-hydroxy-phenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) enzyme-inhibitive tembotrione and topramezone herbicides for weed-management in rainy season grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season (kharif) of 2019 and 2020 at Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, to ascertain the weed-management efficacy of postemergence (PoE) tembotrione and topramezone at 25 days after sowing following pre-emergence (PE) atrazine in the kharif grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Eight treatments (6 herbicidal along with weed-free and weedy check) were evaluated in randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications. Results showed that, uncontrolled weeds have inflicted a grain, stover yield and net income penalty of 63.7, 55.5 and 69% over weed-free check (3.47, 12.34 t/ha and `135,216). Pre-emergence (PE) application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha was found to be the most promising herbicide in terms of benefit: cost ratio (5.76) despite having 12.4, 6.2, and 6.71% lower grain, stover and net income than weed-free treatment (5.03). Both PE and PoE application of atrazine did not bring any yield and profit gains over its PE application. Topramezone and tembotrione (PoE) controlled weeds as effective as weed-free treatment and their impacts persisted up to crop maturity. However, on account of crop phytotoxicity that is dependent on dose (2.83–5.17) severe yield losses (60 and 51.9% grain and stover) were recorded. Both tembotrione and topramezone at their higher dose (0.0242 and 0.0363 kg a.i./ha) resulted in at par grain yield (1.18 t/ha) as weedy check (1.26 t/ha).