Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spinning and colour properties of the active asteroid (6478) Gault

We report on accurate $BVR_{c}$ observations of (6478) Gault, a 5-6 km diameter inner main-belt asteroid in the Phocaea family, notable for its sporadic, comet-like ejection of dust. This curious behavior has been mainly interpreted as reconfigurations after YORP spin-up, although merging of a contact binary system cannot be fully excluded. We collected optical observations along the 2019 March-April period, at orbital phase angles between $12^{\circ}-21^{\circ}$, to search for direct evidence of asteroid quick spinning rotation. A prevailing period value of $3.34 \pm 0.02$ hours is supported by our and other photometric observations. In the YORP spin-up hypothesis, this period points to a bulk density $\rho \approx 1$ $\textrm{g}/\textrm{cm}^3$. The mean colors are $B-V = +0. 82_{\pm 0.3}$, $V-R_{c} = +0. 28_{\pm 0.06}$ and $B-R_{c} = +1. 11_{\pm 0.4}$, but we have observed a strong bluer color during the April session, with about $\Delta (B-V) \sim 0.35 \pm 0.09$~mag. This color change can be due to asteroid rotation and support the hypothesis that there is a bluer surface under the Gault's dust, as indicated by spectroscopic observations made on 2019 March 31 and April 8 by Marsset et al. (2019).
Derived categories and birationality

We discuss the question of finding conditions on a derived equivalence between two smooth projective varieties $X$ and $Y$ that imply that $X$ and $Y$ are birational. The types of conditions we consider are in the spirit of finding categorical analogous of classical Torelli theorems. We study, in particular, a notion of strongly filtered derived equivalence and study cases where strongly filtered derived equivalence implies birationality. We also consider an open variant of our main question.
Primordial gravitational waves from galaxy intrinsic alignments

Galaxy shapes have been observed to align with external tidal fields generated by the large-scale structures of the Universe. While the main source for these tidal fields is provided by long-wavelength density perturbations, tensor perturbations also contribute with a non-vanishing amplitude at linear order. We show that parity-breaking gravitational waves produced during inflation leave a distinctive imprint in the galaxy shape power spectrum which is not hampered by any scalar-induced tidal field. We also show that a certain class of tensor non-Gaussianities produced during inflation can leave a signature in the density-weighted galaxy shape power spectrum. We estimate the possibility of observing such imprints in future galaxy surveys.
The Physical Properties of S0 Galaxy PGC 26218: The Origin of Starburst and Star Formation

We present 2D-spectroscopic observations from the Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán 3.5 m telescope and millimeter observations from the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array of the nearby S0 galaxy PGC 26218, which shows central star formation activity and post-starburst features in the disk. We estimate the star formation rate (SFR = 0.28 ± 0.01 M⊙ yr−1) and molecular gas mass ( ) of PGC 26218 based on the extinction-corrected Hα emission line and the CO–H2 conversion factor (αCO) of the Milky Way, respectively. We find that PGC 26218 follows the star-forming main sequence (SFMS) and the Kennicutt–Schmidt law. Comparing the kinematics of CO(J = 1–0), stars, and Hα, we find that the rotational axis of CO(J = 1–0) is 45° different from that of Hα. In addition, the profile of the CO(J = 1–0) emission line shows asymmetry and has an inflow component of ∼46 km s−1. With the decomposition of the optical image, we confirm that PGC 26218 shows multiple nuclear structures. The projected offset between the most luminous optical center and the center of CO(J = 1–0) is 5. ″2 (∼0.6 kpc) and the latter overlaps with one of the optical cores. These results indicate that PGC 26218 may have experienced a gas-rich minor merger, extending its star formation and locating it in the SFMS.
Thermophoresis in Liquids and its Connection to Equilibrium Quantities

Thermophoresis is the process of particles moving along a temperature gradient in thermodynamic systems. Even though it has been studied for over 150 years, there is neither a complete theoretical description of thermophoresis in liquids nor of the Soret coefficient, the quantifiying measure of the Soret equilibrium. Recent studies connect its nature to equilibrium properties of the system, namely the excess enthalpy and the excess entropy, while there is still a debate over which of both describes the Soret coefficient more accurately and whether it can even be represented using those quantities. In this work I present a theoretical description for both cases based on density analysis by means of Brownian motion and dynamical density functional theory, where I assume local equilibrium. The interpretation of the Brownian stochastic differential equation (SDE) as an Ito or Stratonovich SDE is shown to have an influence on the outcome of the density. I argue that a Soret coefficient proportional to the excess enthalpy is connected to a system in a thermal gradient following its equation of state. Furthermore, I derive that the Boltzmann distribution law for external potentials does not hold for systems in thermal gradients but has to be replaced by a more general quantity. The theoretical predictions are consequently tested by means of BD simulations, where several systems are shown to follow their equation of state. The Soret coefficient of a solute in a toy model solvent is shown to be proportional to the solute's equilibrium solvation enthalpy. I further attempt to verify the theoretic derivations by means of MD simulations of noble gas solutes in SPC/E water. While the Soret equilibrium SPC/E water density follows its equation of state, neither Soret coefficient nor Soret equilibrium solute densitie entail a coherent agreement with any of the theoretical predictions.
Characterizing spin-one Kitaev quantum spin liquids

Material realizations of the bond-dependent Kitaev interactions with $S$=1/2 local moments have vitalized the research in quantum spin liquids. Recently, it has been proposed that higher-spin analogues of the Kitaev interactions may also occur in a number of materials with strong spin-orbit coupling. In contrast to the celebrated $S$=1/2 Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice, the higher-spin Kitaev models are not exactly solvable. Hence, the existence of quantum spin liquids in these systems remains an outstanding question. In this work, we use the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) methods to numerically investigate the $S$=1 Kitaev model with both ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions. Using results on a cylindrical geometry with various circumferences, we conclude that the ground state of the $S$=1 Kitaev model is a quantum spin liquid with a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge structure. We also put a bound on the excitation gap, which turns out to be quite small. The magnetic field responses for the FM and AFM models are similar to those of the $S$=1/2 counterparts. In particular, in the AFM $S$=1 model, a gapless quantum liquid state emerges in an intermediate window of magnetic field strength, before the system enters a trivial polarized state.
Spectral evidence of an accretion disc in wind-fed X-ray pulsar Vela X-1 during an unusual spin-up period

In classical supergiant X-ray binaries (SgXBs), the Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton wind accretion was usually assumed, and the angular momentum transport to the accretors is inefficient. The observed spin-up/spin-down behavior of the neutron star in SgXBs is not well understood. In this paper, we report an extended low state of Vela X-1 (at orbital phases 0.16-0.2), lasting for at least 30 ks, observed with Chandra during the onset of an unusual spin-up period. During this low state, the continuum fluxes dropped by a factor of 10 compared to the preceding flare period, and the continuum pulsation almost disappeared. Meanwhile, the Fe K$\alpha$ fluxes of the low state were similar to the preceding flare period, leading to an Fe K$\alpha$ equivalent width (EW) of 0.6 keV, as high as the Fe K$\alpha$ EW during the eclipse phase of Vela X-1. Both the pulsation cessation and the high Fe K$\alpha$ EW indicate an axisymmetric structure with a column density larger than $10^{24}\rm cm^{-2}$ on a spatial scale of the accretion radius of Vela X-1. These phenomena are consistent with the existence of an accretion disk that leads to the following spin-up of Vela X-1. It indicates that disk accretion, although not always, does occur in classical wind-fed SgXBs.
Solid-Electrolyte Interphases (SEI) in Nonaqueous Aluminum-Ion Batteries

Nonaqueous aluminum-ion batteries are an interesting emerging energy storage technology, offering a plethora of advantages over existing grid energy storage solutions. Carbonaceous and graphitic materials are an appealing cathode material in this system, thanks to their low cost and excellent rate capabilities. The phenomenon of poor Coulombic efficiency in the first cycle, however, is a known issue among some types of carbons, the reasons for which are yet to be fully understood. In this work, we propose that such processes are caused by the formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase, in a similar fashion to graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries. Using electrospun carbon nanofibers as a model material with tunable crystallinity, the cause of such phenomena was found to be linked to the presence of surface defects in the cathode material, and was further amplified by high surface area. The simple use of a binder polymer, however, helps mitigating the issue by shielding surface defects from direct contact with the electrolyte.
Radial instability of trapping polytropic spheres

We complete the stability study of general-relativistic spherically symmetric polytropic perfect fluid spheres, concentrating our attention on the newly discovered polytropes containing region of trapped null geodesics. We compare the methods of treating the dynamical stability based on the equation governing infinitesimal radial pulsations of the polytropes and the related Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue equation for the eigenmodes governing the pulsations, to the methods of stability analysis based on the energetic considerations. Both methods are applied to determine the stability of the polytropes governed by the polytropic index [Formula: see text] in the whole range [Formula: see text], and the relativistic parameter [Formula: see text] given by the ratio of the central pressure and energy density, restricted by the causality limit. The critical values of the adiabatic index for stability are determined, together with the critical values of the relativistic parameter [Formula: see text]. For the dynamical approach, we implemented a numerical method which is independent on the choice of the trial function, and compare its results with the standard trial function approach. We found that the energetic and dynamic method give nearly the same critical values of [Formula: see text]. We found that all the configurations having trapped null geodesics are unstable according to both methods.
Solar System Objects Observed with TESS—First Data Release: Bright Main-belt and Trojan Asteroids from the Southern Survey

Compared with previous space-borne surveys, the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) provides a unique and new approach to observe solar system objects. While its primary mission avoids the vicinity of the ecliptic plane by approximately six degrees, the scale height of the solar system debris disk is large enough to place various small body populations in the field of view. In this paper we present the first data release of photometric analysis of TESS observations of small solar system bodies, focusing on the bright end of the observed main-belt asteroid and Jovian Trojan populations. This data release, named TSSYS-DR1, contains 9912 light curves obtained and extracted in a homogeneous manner, and triples the number of bodies with unambiguous fundamental rotation characteristics, namely where accurate periods and amplitudes are both reported. Our catalog clearly shows that the number of bodies with long rotation periods are definitely underestimated by all previous ground-based surveys, by at least an order of magnitude.
ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN DERS ÇALIŞMA ALIŞKANLIKLARININ BAZI DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Bu calismanin amaci Cukurova Universitesi ogrencilerinin ders calisma aliskanliklarinin nasil oldugunu belirlemektir. Arastirma Cukurova Universitesinin Dis Hekimligi, Tip, Egitim, Fen-Edebiyat, Guzel Sanatlar, Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler, Ilahiyat, Muhendislik ve Mimarlik, Su Urunleri ve Ziraat Fakultelerine devam eden toplam 501 ogrenci uzerinde yapilmistir. Bilgi toplamak icin “Calisma Aliskanliklari ve Tutumlari Envanteri” ve “Kisisel Bilgi Formu” kullanilmistir. Veriler “t” testi, tek yonlu varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve anlamlilik testlerinden LSD testinden yararlanilarak analiz edilmistir. Arastirma bulgulari ogrencilerin; fakultesine, cinsiyetine, basarisina, kaldigi yere, calisma saatine, calisma zamanina ve calisma yerine gore ders calisma aliskanliklari ve tutumlari arasinda p
Improvement of Ethylene Removal Performance by Adsorption/Oxidation in a Pin-Type Corona Discharge Coupled with Pd/ZSM-5 Catalyst

The adsorption and plasma‐catalytic oxidation of dilute ethylene were performed in a pin‐type corona discharge‐coupled Pd/ZSM‐5 catalyst. The catalyst has an adsorption capacity of 320.6 μmol g . The catalyst was found to have two different active sites activated at around 340 and 470 °C for ethylene oxidation. The removal of ethylene in the plasma catalyst was carried out by cyclic operation consisting of repetitive steps: (1) adsorption (60 min) followed by (2) plasma‐catalytic oxidation (30 min). For the purpose of comparison, the removal of ethylene in the continuous plasma‐catalytic oxidation mode was also examined. The ethylene adsorption performance of the catalyst was improved by the cyclic plasma‐catalytic oxidation. With at least 80% of C2H4 in the feed being adsorbed, the cyclic plasma‐catalytic oxidation was carried out for the total adsorption time of 8 h, whereas it occurred within 2 h of early adsorption in the case of catalyst alone. There was a slight decrease in catalyst adsorption capability with an increased number of adsorption cycles due to the incomplete release of CO2 during the plasma‐catalytic oxidation step. However, the decreased rate of adsorption capacity was negligible, which is less than one percent per cycle. Since the activation temperature of all active sites of Pd/ZSM‐5 for ethylene oxidation is 470 °C, the specific input energy requirement by heating the feed gas in order to activate the catalyst is estimated to be 544 J/L. This value is higher than that of the continuous plasma‐catalytic oxidation (450 J/L) for at least 86% ethylene conversion. Interestingly, the cyclic adsorption and plasma‐catalytic oxidation of ethylene is not only a low‐temperature oxidation process but also reduces energy consumption. Specifically, the input energy requirement was 225 J/L, which is half that of the continuous plasma‐catalytic oxidation; however, the adsorption efficiency and conversion rate were maintained. To summarize, cyclic plasma treatment is an effective ethylene removal technique in terms of low‐temperature oxidation and energy consumption.
Hotel Asset and Equity Risk Before, During, and After the Global Financial Crisis

In this paper, we use asset betas and equity betas over the period January 2000 through December 2015 to investigate the operating and financial risk of hotel industry REITs and CCorps. We conclude that, on average over our sample period, the operating risk of CCorps exceeds that of REITs. One interpretation of this result is that management contracts between REITs and CCorps allocate more operating risk to CCorps than to REITs. We also find that, on average, during our sample period, the equity betas of CCorps exceed those of REITs. However, the difference between the average equity risk of the two sectors is much smaller than the sectors’ difference in operating risk. Because equity betas capture both operating and financial risk, these results imply that REITs have significantly less operating risk than CCorps and offset their lower business risk with higher financial leverage. During the global financial crisis, operating risk increases in both hotel industry subsectors, and the amount by which CCorp asset betas exceed REIT asset betas is roughly proportionate to that observed in noncrisis periods. During the financial crisis, however, REITs experienced a greater increase in financial leverage than did CCorps, with the result being that the normal relation reverses, i.e., during the global financial crisis, REIT average equity betas significantly exceeded the average equity betas of CCorps.
Carboniferous Highly Fractionated I‐type Granites from the Kalamaili Fault Zone, Eastern Xinjiang, NW China: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications

Carboniferous magmatism is one of the most important tectonothermal events in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). However, the final closure time of the Kalamaili Ocean between East Junggar and Harlik Mountain is still debated. Early Carboniferous (332 Ma) and late Carboniferous (307–298 Ma) granitic magmatism from Kalamaili fault zone have been recognized by LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb dating. They are both metaluminous highly fractionated I‐type and belong to the high‐K calc‐alkaline. The granitoids for early Carboniferous have zircon εHf(t) values of –5.1 to +8.5 with Hf model ages (TDM2) of 1.78–0.83Ga, suggesting a mixed magma source of juvenile material with old continental crust. Furthermore, those for late Carboniferous have much younger heterogeneous zircon εHf(t) values (+5.1 to +13.6) with Hf model ages (TDM2=1.03–0.45 Ga) that are also indicative of juvenile components with a small involvement of old continental crust. Based on whole‐rock geochemical and zircon isotopic features, these high‐K granitoids were derived from melting of heterogeneous crustal sources or through mixing of old continental crust with juvenile components and minor AFC (assimilation and fractional crystallization). The juvenile components probably originated from underplated basaltic magmas in response to asthenospheric upwelling. These Carboniferous highly fractionated granites in the Kalamaili fault zone were probably emplaced in a post‐collisional extensional setting and suggested vertical continental crustal growth in the southern CAOB, which is the same or like most granitoids in CAOB. This study provides new evidence for determining the post‐accretionary evolution of the southern CAOB. In combination with data from other granitoids in these two terranes, the Early Carboniferous Heiguniangshan pluton represents the initial record of post‐collisional environment, suggesting that the final collision between the East Junggar and Harlik Mountain might have occurred before 332 Ma.
Existence Results for Nonlinear Fractional Problems with Non-Homogeneous Integral Boundary Conditions

This paper deals with the study of the existence and non-existence of solutions of a three-parameter family of nonlinear fractional differential equation with mixed-integral boundary value conditions. We consider the α -Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative, with α ∈ ( 1 , 2 ] . To deduce the existence and non-existence results, we first study the linear equation, by deducing the main properties of the related Green functions. We obtain the optimal set of parameters where the Green function has constant sign. After that, by means of the index theory, the nonlinear boundary value problem is studied. Some examples, at the end of the paper, are showed to illustrate the applicability of the obtained results.
High-Resolution Reef Bathymetry and Coral Habitat Complexity from Airborne Imaging Spectroscopy

Coral reef ecosystems are rapidly changing, and a persistent problem with monitoring changes in reef habitat complexity rests in the spatial resolution and repeatability of measurement techniques. We developed a new approach for high spatial resolution (<1 m) mapping of nearshore bathymetry and three-dimensional habitat complexity (rugosity) using airborne high-fidelity imaging spectroscopy. Using this new method, we mapped coral reef habitat throughout two bays to a maximum depth of 25 m and compared the results to the laser-based SHOALS bathymetry standard. We also compared the results derived from imaging spectroscopy to a more conventional 4-band multispectral dataset. The spectroscopic approach yielded consistent results on repeat flights, despite variability in viewing and solar geometries and sea state conditions. We found that the spectroscopy-based results were comparable to those derived from SHOALS, and they were a major improvement over the multispectral approach. Yet, spectroscopy provided much finer spatial information than that which is available with SHOALS, which is valuable for analyzing changes in benthic composition at the scale of individual coral colonies. Monitoring temporal changes in reef 3D complexity at high spatial resolution will provide an improved means to assess the impacts of climate change and coastal processes that affect reef complexity.
Anderson, Carly A. and Lazard, Diane S. and Hartley, Douglas E.H. (2016) Plasticity in bilateral superior temporal cortex: effects of deafness and cochlear implantation on auditory and visual speech

While many individuals can benefit substantially from cochlear implantation, the ability to perceive and understand auditory speech with a cochlear implant (CI) remains highly variable amongst adult recipients. Importantly, auditory performance with a CI cannot be reliably predicted based solely on routinely obtained information regarding clinical characteristics of the CI candidate. This review argues that central factors, notably cortical function and plasticity, should also be considered as important contributors to the observed individual variability in CI outcome. Superior temporal cortex (STC), including auditory association areas, plays a crucial role in the processing of auditory and visual speech information. The current review considers evidence of cortical plasticity within bilateral STC, and how these effects may explain variability in CI outcome. Furthermore, evidence of audio-visual interactions in temporal and occipital cortices is examined, and relation to CI outcome is discussed. To date, longitudinal examination of changes in cortical function and plasticity over the period of rehabilitation with a CI has been restricted by methodological challenges. The application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in studying cortical function in CI users is becoming increasingly recognised as a potential solution to these problems. Here we suggest that fNIRS offers a powerful neuroimaging tool to elucidate the relationship between audio-visual interactions, cortical plasticity during deafness and following cochlear implantation, and individual variability in auditory performance with a CI. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).