Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practicalities of language data collection and management in and around Indonesia

Researchers use different approaches when collecting and managing primary language materials during fieldwork. Yet it is important that this work is done in a transparent way, so that it can be used by other researchers, who might have other aims, as well as by the speaker community who might want to use or take note of the collected materials. In this article we use our research experience in language data collection in and around Indonesia in fieldwork projects of three kinds: descriptive fieldwork, linguistic surveys, and projects investigating language contact. Our aim is to provide an introductory and practical guide for students and professionals who are embarking on fieldwork in or around Indonesia. Describing practical methods of language data collection, processing, and management, our aim is to provide a guide for any research which involves the collection of language materials, including linguistic research, oral history or literature, and ethnography.
Water requirement and nutrient management of guava (cv. Arka amulya) using drip under high density plantation in coastal Odisha

In the experimental farm, the vegetative characteristics and yield characteristics of the 3-year-old guava were observed at various fertigation doses. Four levels of fertigation i. e. 100%, 80% and 60% of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) by drip irrigation and 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizer by soil application were studied in a Randomized block design (RBD). The results showed a significant effect on the plant height, girth of trunk & number of primary branches in vegetative parameters. Canopy spread has shown insignificant effect on various fertigation levels. Yield characteristics viz . , number of fruits per plant, weight of the fruit, equatorial and polar diameter of the fruit and yield per hectare affected significantly across various fertigation levels and higher doses resulted in better values. Water use efficiency (WUE) & Fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) were varied with fertigation levels. The results revealed that drip-fertigation can play a positive role in increasing yield, WUE of guava plants with additional benefit of saving in fertilizer cost and fruit quality improvement.
The influence of the frequency of biology practical classes and biology teachers’ qualification on senior school students’ knowledge of biological drawings

Despite the importance of Biology in several arears of human endeavors, teaching of practical has been handled with levity both by the teachers and the students. Studies indicated that teachers’ factors, ways and manners related to the teaching of the subject and qualification of Biology teachers are among numerous factors causing students’ poor achievements in Biology. Results from studies suggest that biological drawings could be used to facilitate students’ learning. This study assessed the knowledge of biological drawings possessed by senior school (SS) students based on frequency of Biology practical classes taught by teachers and teachers’ qualification in Oyo State, Nigeria. Descriptive research was employed. A total of 657 Biology students were randomly sampled for the study. Students’ Biological Drawings Achievement Test (SBDAT) was the instrument used with the reliability coefficient of 0.70 using test-retest method. Two hypotheses were generated and tested. Data were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. Findings of the study showed that; the frequency of Biology practical classes students are exposed to and teachers’ qualification significantly influenced the knowledge of biological drawings possessed by students in Oyo state, Nigeria. It was recommended among others that students should be exposed to high frequency of practical classes. Also, qualified teachers should teach biological drawings in schools.
Effect of Sorghum and Indigofera Leaf Flour on Egg Quality, Daily Protein Intake, Phosphorus Availability and Total Colonies of Bacillus sp in Small Intestines of Laying Hens

| An experiment was performed to investigate the effects of sorghum and indigofera leaf flour as substitutes for corn in laying hen rations on egg quality, daily protein intake, phosphorus availability, and total colonies of Bacillus sp. in the small intestines of laying hens. A completely randomized study design was used in this research, with 4 treatments, and each treatment was repeated 5 times: A (0% sorghum + 0% indigofera); B (20% sorghum + 4% indigofera); C (30% sorghum + 5% indigofera); and D (40% sorghum + 6% indigofera). The phosphorus availability, daily protein intake, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, egg yolk color, egg yolk fat, egg yolk cholesterol, and total colony count of Bacillus sp. in the small intestines were measured. The results showed that the use of sorghum and indigofera leaf flour did not significantly (P>0.05) affect the daily protein intake, phosphorus availability, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, egg yolk color, egg yolk fat, and total colonies of Bacillus sp. in the small intestine. However, there was a highly significant (P<0.01) effect on egg yolk cholesterol. In conclusion, 40% sorghum and 6% indigofera leaf flour can be used instead of 100% corn in laying hens ration and can reduce egg yolk cholesterol up to 26.29%.
Design of silicon waveguides with integrated graphene oxide films for nonlinear optics

The Kerr nonlinear optical performance of silicon nanowire waveguides integrated with 2D layered graphene oxide (GO) films is theoretically studied and optimized based on experimentally measured linear and nonlinear optical parameters of the GO films. The strong mode overlap between the silicon nanowires and highly nonlinear GO films yields a significantly enhanced Kerr nonlinearity for the hybrid waveguides. A detailed analysis for the influence of waveguide geometry and GO film thickness on the propagation loss, nonlinear parameter, and nonlinear figure of merit (FOM) is performed. The results show that the effective nonlinear parameter and nonlinear FOM can be increased by up to ~ 52 and ~ 79 times relative to bare silicon nanowires, respectively. Self-phase modulation (SPM)-induced spectral broadening of optical pulses is used as a benchmark to evaluate the nonlinear performance, examining the trade-off between enhancing Kerr nonlinearity and minimizing loss. By optimizing the device parameters to balance this, a high spectral broadening factor of 27.8 can be achieved ‒ more than 6 times that achieved in previous experiments. Finally, the influence of pulse chirp, material anisotropy, and the interplay between saturable absorption and SPM is also discussed, together with the comparison between the spectral broadening after going through GO-coated and graphene-coated silicon waveguides. These results provide useful guidance for optimizing the Kerr nonlinear optical performance of silicon waveguides integrated with 2D layered GO films.
ANALISIS PERBEDAAN RETURN SAHAM DAN VOLUME PERDAGANGAN SAHAM SAAT PANDEMI DIBANDING SEBELUM PANDEMI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA

This study aims to see and analyze the differences in stock returns and trading volume of shares of transportation companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the pandemic compared to before the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study uses stock prices and stock trading volume on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from November 2019 to July 2020. The data analysis method used was the Kolmogorof Smirnov normality test and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The research results there is a significant difference in the stock returns of transportation companies during the Covid-19 pandemic compared to before the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia and there is a significant difference in the trading volume of shares of transportation companies during the Covid-19 pandemic compared to before the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia
Integrating Various Neural Features Based on Mechanism of Intricate Balance and Ongoing Activity: Unified Neural Account Underlying and Correspondent to Mental Phenomena

In recent decades, brain science has been enriched from both empirical and computational approaches. Interesting emerging neural features include power-law distribution, chaotic behavior, self-organized criticality, variance approach, neuronal avalanches, difference-based and sparse coding, optimized information transfer, maximized dynamic range for information processing, and reproducibility of evoked spatio-temporal motifs in spontaneous activities, and so on. These intriguing findings can be largely categorized into two classes: complexity and regularity. This article would like to highlight that the above-mentioned properties although look diverse and un-related, but actually may be rooted in a common foundation—excitatory and inhibitory balance (EIB) and ongoing activities (OA). To be clear, description and observation of neural features are phenomena or epiphenomena, while EIB-OA is the underlying mechanism. The EIB is maintained in a dynamic manner and may possess regional specificity, and importantly, EIB is organized along the boundary of phase transition which has been called criticality, bifurcation or edge of chaos. OA is composed of spontaneous organized activity, physiological noise, non-physiological noise and the interacting effect between OA and evoked activities. Based on EIB-OA, the brain may accommodate the property of chaos and regularity. We propose “virtual brain space” to bridge brain dynamics and mental space, and “code driving complexity hypothesis” to integrate regularity and complexity. The functional implication of oscillation and energy consumption of the brain are discussed.
Detecting fraudulent financial statements in pharmaceutical companies: Fraud pentagon theory perspective

A fraudulent financial statement is an issue that continues to be discussed as a form of deviation from corporate governance. Covid-19 pandemic has also demanded management to uphold the company's performance to have a good public image. Thus, the present study sets out to scrutinize the fraud pentagon theory on fraudulent financial statements. Each element is not able to be tested directly. However, there are proxies. The pressure element is proxied as a personal financial need. The opportunity is becoming the nature of industry. Each of the qualities of the external auditors as well as the change of directors propose rationalization and competence. The frequent number of CEO’s appearances in photos is a proxy of arrogance. The testing was carried out on the registered pharmaceutical companies of the Indonesian stock exchange in the span of the 2015-2019 period. The samples were selected by the means of sampling technique which is purposive. Data are scrutinized by the means of panel data regression. The analysis results show that the characteristics of the industry positively affects financial reports which are fraudulent. Changing top management positions such as directors can be an indication of financial reports which are fraudulent. The personal financial need variables, the caliber of external auditors and the quantity of CEO’s appearance in photos pose no effects on the fraudulent financial statements of the Indonesian's pharmaceutical companies.
Determining the nitrous oxide transfer velocity and emission factor of an agricultural drain

ABSTRACT There have been few studies examining indirect nitrous oxide emissions associated with nitrogen (N) leaching from agricultural soils. For agricultural drainage water, equals the water’s concentration in excess of the atmospheric value multiplied by the transfer velocity . Using this equation, tracers and chamber methods, and were measured from an agricultural drain. Estimates of were made by measuring water speed and depth using the relationship developed by O’Connor and Dobbins [1958. Mechanisms of reaeration in natural streams. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers. 123:641–684]. The measurements and estimates were not significantly different and averaged 5 m d−1. Alternatively, for the method developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, equals the mass of N flowing in the water multiplied by an emission factor (EF). By additional measurements of the drain’s width, the water’s flow rate and nitrate () concentration, the estimated EF was 1.2 × 10−4 kg kg−1 .
Equilibrium Studies of Mn(ii), Pb(ii) and Cr(iii) in Bone Char

The present work aimed to investigate the removal process of Mn (II), Pb(II) and Cr (III). Equilibrium isotherms were obtained at 25, 30 and 40 o C considering solutions with a pH range between 5 and 6. Langmuir and Freundlich models were tested. Langmuir model seems to best fit the lead and chromium isotherms while Freundlich were best fit to manganese isotherms. The thermodynamic parameters were also estimated. The selectivity sequence s Pb 2+  Cr 3+ > Mn 2+ at 25 o C, Pb 2+ > Cr 3+ > Mn 2+ at 30 and 40 o C were obtained. Chromium sorption seems to be exothermic while manganese and lead isotherms provided an endothermic process.
Influence of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud.) essential oil yield under inter - cropping with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) with special reference to the plant - soil relationship

The rain - fed/oasis areas, where lemongrass and pomegranate are grown as intercropping crops, are considered as the best ecosystem with particular properties. No research has been made to investigate the relationship between lemongrass essential oil and pomegranate fruit quality in such an environment. A comparison between pomegranate trees was intercropped with lemongrass crop and regular orchards with full sun conditions have been investigated in terms of yield of lemongrass essential oil and pomegranate fruit quality. The intercropped microclimate was more favourable for the production of lemongrass essential oil and pomegranate arils with attractive red colour and high total anthocyanin content. Pomegranates under these conditions contained total volatile content that was about two times higher than that in separate fruits. Particularly, hexanal and limonene were the most abundant compounds characterizing the aroma profile of fruits cultivated under intercropped, and their arils were the most appreciated in terms of colour, odour, and taste by Indian consumers. However, fruits from partial shade oasis provided the sweetest juices with high concentrations of glucose and fructose. Titratable acidity and total organic acid content were also higher in fruits grown under the two conditions. Red colour intensity, monoterpenes, hexanal, citric and quinic acids were useful to discriminate full shade oasis. These compounds seem to contribute to the typical organoleptic properties of oasis pomegranate fruits. The correlations between intercropped varieties of pomegranate and lemongrass, irrigated water, soil, and manure factors, elevated moisture in the soil in the intercropping impaired the expression of high yield of fresh herb and lemongrass oil of the good quality and pomegranate fruits production.
Analysis of the Causes of Stunting in Toddlers in the Work Area of Gandasuli Community Health Center South Halmahera Regency North Maluku (Qualitative Study)

Stunting is a linear growth disorder that is not appropriate for age indicating a long-term event and is an accumulative impact of insufficient nutrient consumption, poor health conditions and inadequate care. This study aims to analyze or explore in depth the causes of stunting in toddler. The research was conducted in the working area of Puskesmas Gandasuli Kab. Halmahera Selatan, North Maluku. This research is a qualitative research with a sampling of researchers using non-probability sampling techniques, or rather researchers using purposive sampling technique. Subjects were determined based on inclusion criteria and obtained as many as 12 toddlers over 24 months. Data analysis in qualitative research is presented based on the data that has been collected and then conclusions are drawn. The results showed that the knowledge about stunting was still lacking, children were not exclusively breastfed causing malnutrition, errors in giving complementary foods which resulted in stunting, low family economic factors, inadequate use of posyandu, as well as poor environmental sanitation, food taboo culture for pregnant women, breastfeeding women and toddlers themselves so they can reduce their food intake which in turn reduces their nutritional status.
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment among demented and non-demented patients with chronic kidney disease

Background The prevalence of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is increasing among elderly populations. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) suggest that chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence is highest in the elderly; the prevalence is 38% in participants aged > 65 years compared with 13% in the overall US population [1]. Cognitive functions impairment has been recognized as a complication of end stage renal disease (ESRD)[2] The accumulation of uremic toxins may cause cerebral endothelial dysfunction and contribute to cognitive disorders in CKD [3]. Various uremic toxins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment [4] . It has been reported that cerebrospinal fluid and brain levels of some guanidine compounds, such as creatinine, guanidine, guanidine-succinic acid, and methylguanidine, are substantially elevated in uremic patients Abstract Background: Chronic k idney disease (CKD) prevalence is increasing among elderly populat ions . Elderly pat ients wi th CKD are more l ikely to have mul t iple comorbidi t ies, an d more l iable to compl icat ions and increased mortal i ty . Cogni t ive impairment is common among pat ients wi th CKD; however, the impact o f this associat ion on the burden of diverse geriat r ic condi t ions e.g. depression, malnutr i t ion, and funct ional dependency is unclear. Being a mul t idimensional , interdiscipl inary diagnost ic process, Comprehensive Geriat r ic Assessment (CGA) can capture the ful l spect rum of comorbidi t ies in CKD pat ients wi th cogni t ive decl ine.
Effect of Two Different Nursing Techniques on Labor pain, Duration, and Anxiety Level among Primiparous Women

Background : Labor pain is considered as one of the most intense forms of pain. Psychological challenge such as anxiety can contribute towards women’s perception of pain and may affect their labor and birth experience. Aromatherapy is one of modern many non-invasive methods and is the most popular complementary therapy to relieve pain during childbirth. The a im of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different nursing techniques on labor pain, duration, and anxiety level among primiparous women. A Quasi-experimental design was utilized to achieve the aim of the study, conducted at labor and delivery unit at Shaqra Governate general hospital, KSA. Sample: A total of 150 laboring women were recruited (75 for each group). Tools: four tools were used; 1) A structured interviewing questionnaire schedule, 2) Subjective labor pain scale (visual-analogue scale [VAS]), 3)- Partograph and 4)- Spielberger state-trait anxiety questionnaire. Results : There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in labor pain scores at active phase after the intervention at (p<0.001), and in transitional phase after the intervention at (p = 0.06). There was significant difference toward total labor duration among studied sample. Nearly half (49.3%) of the lavender group were satisfied and referenced it for future pregnancies. Conclusion : Two different nursing techniques were effective methods for reducing pain intensity, duration of labor and anxiety level. It can be clinically recommended as an alternative, safe and affordable method of pain relief during labor. However, lavender aromatherapy is more effective in decreasing pain during labor, and anxiety than breathing technique. Recommendations Educational program facilities and methods about non-pharmacological methods as; lectures, handout, and videos should be developed and become accessible to all pregnant women in the outpatient clinics.
Quality Assurance for Operating Room Illumination through Lean Six Sigma

Since every mistake made in the healthcare industry can cause permanent harm or even death, some fundamental requirements should be considered when planning and designing operating rooms. Lighting is one of the most important ergonomic factors, especially for operating rooms. This paper investigates the integration of the lean approach and six sigma in measuring the efficiency of LED technology, which can also be regarded as a factor affecting the operating room efficiency. Measurement System Analysis (MSA) and Gage Control methods were applied to determine measurement variability in operating room illumination measurement process. Repeatability and reproducibility (%R&R) was found 12.89%. After calibration, %R&R value was found 8.21%, which implies that calibration helped reduce variability.
Evaluation of Volume CT Dose Index (CTDIvol) and Dose Length Product (DLP) in Routine CT scan Protocols among Children under 15 Years of Age Admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, during 2019

Background The computed tomography (CT) scan is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of various diseases, but the absorbed dose causes concern, especially for children. The present study aimed to evaluate the absorbed dose of volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) in routine CT scan protocols in children under 15 years of age admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ahvaz, Iran. Materials and Methods The present descriptive-analytical epidemiological study was carried out on children under 15 years of age admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ahvaz during the first 6 months of 2019. CTDIvol and DLP values ​​were measured using a pencil ionization chamber. Universal dosimeter fire ware 2, 20, and single scan standard phantoms were done on children in a single scan for several routine CT scan protocols. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0. Results Significantly different (P < 0.05) CTDIvol values were obtained for head, chest, and pelvis (2.14 ± 0.93, 0.93 ± 0.07, and 1.20 ± 0.53, respectively). The obtained DLP values for head, chest, and pelvis (28.46 ± 0.93, 23.91 ± 2.26, and 38.14 ±2.52, respectively) were significantly different (P <0.05). Mean CTDIvol and DLP values calculated for head, chest, and pelvic protocols were significantly different by month. Conclusion The mean CTDIvol and DLP values for the head, chest, and pelvic protocols, which are within the allowable range and will not be associated with the risks mentioned in this test on children, are less than the values ​​suggested by various guidelines and other studies.
Psychometric Properties of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 in a Romanian Community Sample

The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) evaluates 25 maladaptive personality traits proposed in the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders. The questionnaire has been extensively investigated and validated in several languages. The current research sought to examine the psychometric properties of the instrument in a sample of nonclinical Romanian participants (N = 1276). Results indicated excellent internal consistency for the domain level, and very good reliability for the facet level. The assumption of unidimensionality was supported at both the domain and facet levels, apart from Risk Taking. Two domain scoring methods were also compared. One of them takes into consideration all the 25 lower order facets, whereas the other uses only 15 facets. Results show that mean differences across the two scoring methods were small, except for Disinhibition. Moreover, confirmatory factor analyses revealed slightly better fit indices for the model which uses 15 facets only. Lastly, the hierarchical structure of maladaptive personality traits was explored. Results are discussed in the light of previous literature.