Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Group Runs Control Chart for Detecting Shifts in the Process Mean

Abstract Wu and Spedding [Journal of Quality Technology 32: 32-38, 2000] have proposed the synthetic control chart to detect small shifts in process mean. In this paper, for the same problem, we propose a control chart called ’Group Runs’ (GR) control chart, which is a combination of Shewhart's chart and an extended version of conforming run length chart. It is numerically verified that, the GR chart gives a significant reduction in out of control ATS as compared to those of the synthetic control chart and chart when in-control ATS is not smaller than a certain number. Steady state performance of the GR chart is also better. Hence, GR chart turns out to be economical to detect small shifts in the process mean.
Melatonin inhibits atherosclerosis progression via galectin‐3 downregulation to enhance autophagy and inhibit inflammation

Autophagy deficiency in macrophages exacerbates inflammation in atherosclerosis (AS), and recently, galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) has been implicated as a critical promoter of inflammation in AS. Further, melatonin (Mel) exerts an autophagy‐promoting effect in many chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether Mel inhibits AS progression by downregulating Gal‐3 to enhance autophagy and inhibit inflammation. Thus, we performed in vivo and in vitro experiments using high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed ApoE−/− mice and THP‐1 macrophages, respectively. Smart‐seq of AS plaque macrophages revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) downregulated by Mel were enriched in immune‐related processes, and changes in inflammation status were confirmed based on lower levels of proinflammatory factors in Mel‐treated HFD‐fed ApoE−/− mice and THP‐1 macrophages. Further, via transcriptome‐based multiscale network pharmacology platform (TMNP), the upstream target genes of the smart‐seq DEGs were identified, and Gal‐3 showed a high score. Gal‐3 was downregulated both in vivo and in vitro by Mel treatment. Besides, the enrichment of the target genes predicted via the TMNP method indicated that autophagy considerably affected the DEGs. Mel treatment as well as Gal‐3 knockdown downregulated most inflammatory response‐related proteins could attribute to enhancing autophagy. Mechanistically, Mel treatment inhibited Gal‐3 leading to lowering the activity of the nuclear transcription factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway, and promoting the nuclear localization of transcription factor EB (TFEB). However, increased secretion of Gal‐3 activated the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway and impaired autophagy via binding to CD98. Thus, Mel promoted autophagy and restrained inflammation by downregulating Gal‐3, implying that it holds promise as a treatment for AS.
Phosphorylation of the prolyl isomerase Cyclophilin A regulates its localisation and release from the centrosome during mitosis

ABSTRACT The centrosome acts as a protein platform from which proteins are deployed to function throughout the cell cycle. Previously, we have shown that the prolyl isomerase Cyclophilin A (CypA) localizes to the centrosome in interphase and re-localizes to the midbody during mitosis where it functions in cytokinesis. In this study, investigation of CypA by SDS-PAGE during the cell cycle reveals that it undergoes a mobility shift during mitosis, indicative of a post-translational modification, which may correlate with its subcellular re-localization. Due to the lack of a phospho-specific antibody, we used site-directed mutagenesis to demonstrate that the previously identified serine 77 phosphorylation site within CypA is important for control of CypA centrosome localization. Furthermore, CypA is shown to interact with the mitotic NIMA-related kinase 2 (Nek2) during interphase and mitosis, while also interacting with the Nek2-antagonist PP1 during interphase but not during mitosis, suggesting a potential role for the Nek2-PP1 complex in CypA phospho-regulation. In support of this, Nek2 is capable of phosphorylating CypA in vitro. Overall, this work reveals that phosphorylation of CypA at serine 77 is important for its release from the centrosome during mitosis and may be regulated by the activity of Nek2 and PP1 during the cell cycle.
Innervation of the heart: Anatomical study with application to better understanding pathologies of the cardiac autonomics

Current advances in management of the cardiac neuroaxis in different cardiovascular diseases require a deeper knowledge of cardiac neuroanatomy. The aim of the study was to increase knowledge of the human fetal extrinsic cardiac nervous system. We achieved this by systematizing the origin and formation of the cardiac nerves, branches, and ganglia and their sympathetic/parasympathetic connections. Thirty human fetuses (60 sides) were subjected to detailed sub‐macroscopic dissection of the cervical and thoracic regions. Cardiac accessory ganglia lying on a cardiac nerve or in conjunction with two or more (up to four) nerves before entering the mediastinal cardiac plexus were observed in 13 sides. Except for the superior cardiac nerve, the sympathetic cardiac nerves were individually variable and inconstant. In contrast, the cardiac branches of the vagus nerve appeared grossly more constant and invariable, although the individual cardiac branches varied in number and position of origin. Each cervical cardiac nerve or cardiac branch of the vagus nerve could be singular or multiple (up to six) and originated from the sympathetic trunk or the vagus nerve by one, two, or three roots. Sympathetic nerves arose from the cervical‐thoracic ganglia or the interganglionic segment of the sympathetic trunk. Connections were found outside the cardiac plexus. Some cardiac nerves were connected to non‐cardiac nerves, while others were connected to each other. Common sympathetic/parasympathetic cardiac nerve trunks were more frequent on right (70%) versus left sides (20%). The origin, frequency, and connections of the cardiac nerves and branches are highly variable in the fetus. Detailed knowledge of the normal neuroanatomy of the heart could be useful during cardiac neuromodulation procedures and in better understanding nervous pathologies of the heart.
An Effect of Gaze Direction in Cocktail Party Listening

It is well established that gaze direction can influence auditory spatial perception, but the implications of this interaction for performance in complex listening tasks is unclear. In the current study, we investigated whether there is a measurable effect of gaze direction on speech intelligibility in a “cocktail party” listening situation. We presented sequences of digits from five loudspeakers positioned at 0°, ± 15°, and ± 30° azimuth, and asked participants to repeat back the digits presented from a designated target loudspeaker. In different blocks of trials, the participant visually fixated on a cue presented at the target location or at a nontarget location. Eye position was tracked continuously to monitor compliance. Performance was best when fixation was on-target (vs. off-target) and the size of this effect depended on the specific configuration. This result demonstrates an influence of gaze direction in multitalker mixtures, even in the absence of visual speech information.
Swing‐out opening of stromal interaction molecule 1

Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and senses luminal calcium (Ca2+) concentration. STIM1 activation involves a large‐scale conformational transition that exposes a STIM1 domain termed “CAD/SOAR”, ‐ which is required for activation of the calcium channel Orai. Under resting cell conditions, STIM1 assumes a quiescent state where CAD/SOAR is suspended in an intramolecular clamp formed by the coiled‐coil 1 domain (CC1) and CAD/SOAR. Here, we present a structural model of the cytosolic part of the STIM1 resting state using molecular docking simulations that take into account previously reported interaction sites between the CC1α1 and CAD/SOAR domains. We corroborate and refine previously reported interdomain coiled‐coil contacts. Based on our model, we provide a detailed analysis of the CC1‐CAD/SOAR binding interface using molecular dynamics simulations. We find a very similar binding interface for a proposed domain‐swapped configuration of STIM1, where the CAD/SOAR domain of one monomer interacts with the CC1α1 domain of another monomer of STIM1. The rich structural and dynamical information obtained from our simulations reveals novel interaction sites such as M244, I409, or E370, which are crucial for STIM1 quiescent state stability. We tested our predictions by electrophysiological and Förster resonance energy transfer experiments on corresponding single‐point mutants. These experiments provide compelling support for the structural model of the STIM1 quiescent state reported here. Based on transitions observed in enhanced‐sampling simulations paired with an analysis of the quiescent STIM1 conformational dynamics, our work offers a first atomistic model for CC1α1‐CAD/SOAR detachment.
Guideline for the Management of Fever and Neutropenia in Pediatric Patients With Cancer and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients: 2023 Update

PURPOSE To update a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the empiric management of fever and neutropenia (FN) in pediatric patients with cancer and hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients. METHODS The International Pediatric Fever and Neutropenia Guideline Panel reconvened to conduct the second update of this CPG. We updated the previous systematic review to identify new randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating any strategy for the management of FN in pediatric patients. Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework, evidence quality was classified as high, moderate, low, or very low. The panel updated recommendations related to initial management, ongoing management, and empiric antifungal therapy. Changes from the 2017 CPG were articulated, and good practice statements were considered. RESULTS We identified 10 new RCTs in addition to the 69 RCTs identified in previous FN CPGs to inform the 2023 FN CPG. Changes from the 2017 CPG included two conditional recommendations regarding (1) discontinuation of empiric antibacterial therapy in clinically well and afebrile patients with low-risk FN if blood cultures remain negative at 48 hours despite no evidence of marrow recovery and (2) pre-emptive antifungal therapy for invasive fungal disease in high-risk patients not receiving antimold prophylaxis. The panel created a good practice statement to initiate FN CPG-consistent empiric antibacterial therapy as soon as possible in clinically unstable febrile patients. CONCLUSION The updated FN CPG incorporates important modifications on the basis of recently published trials. Future work should focus on addressing knowledge gaps, improving CPG implementation, and measuring the impact of CPG-consistent care.
A Center Experience with Common Data Elements in Chronic Illness Self-Management Research

In recent decades, the use of common data elements has expanded across the health disciplines. This has included growth within programs of research focused on self-management and family nursing. Family nursing and self-management science may be expanded with the increased use of common concepts, measures, and theoretical frameworks. This article describes the experience of exploring the use of common data elements and identifying shared concepts from the perspective of one National Institute of Nursing Research funded Exploratory Center in Self-Management. Guidance offered by the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory is discussed, and implications for family research are presented.
The cost and cost-effectiveness of novel tuberculosis vaccines in low- and middle-income countries: A modeling study

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is preventable and curable but eliminating it has proven challenging. Safe and effective TB vaccines that can rapidly reduce disease burden are essential for achieving TB elimination. We assessed future costs, cost-savings, and cost-effectiveness of introducing novel TB vaccines in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) for a range of product characteristics and delivery strategies. Methods: We developed a system of epidemiological and economic models, calibrated to demographic, epidemiological, and health service data in 105 LMICs. For each country, we assessed the likely future course of TB-related outcomes under several vaccine introduction scenarios, compared to a 'no-new-vaccine' counterfactual. We estimated the incremental impact of vaccine introduction for a range of health and economic outcomes. In the base-case, we assumed a vaccine price of $4.60, and used a 1x per-capita GDP cost-effectiveness threshold (both varied in sensitivity analyses). Findings: Vaccine introduction was estimated to require substantial near-term resources, offset by future cost-savings from averted TB burden. From a health system perspective, vaccination was cost-effective in 65 of 105 LMICs. From a societal perspective (including productivity gains and averted patient costs), vaccination was projected to be cost-effective in 75 of 105 LMICs and cost-saving in 57 of 105 LMICs, including 96% of countries with higher TB burden. When considering the monetized value of health gains, we estimated that introduction of an adolescent/adult vaccine could produce $258-447 billion in economic benefits by 2050. Interpretation: TB vaccination would be highly impactful and cost-effective in most LMICs.
Projective Item Response Model for Test-Independent Measurement

The problem of fitting unidimensional item-response models to potentially multidimensional data has been extensively studied. The focus of this article is on response data that contains a major dimension of interest but that may also contain minor nuisance dimensions. Because fitting a unidimensional model to multidimensional data results in ability estimates that represent a combination of the major and minor dimensions, such a procedure tends to produce ability estimates that cannot be compared across different tests targeting the same construct, or even across different test forms from the same test bank. In this paper, we build upon previous theoretical results in multidimensional IRT and propose a projective IRT framework that allows the projection of multiple dimensions onto a targeted single dimension that is of substantive interest. Two robust versions of standard error estimate for ability score are also evaluated. An important appeal of the projective IRT procedure is that it allows the direct measurement of a targeted construct and valid inference for test-independent ability scores. Through simulation studies, we show that the proposed projective IRT procedure effectively recovers ability scores in the targeted dimension. The procedure involves only a small amount of additional computation over conventional IRT and could have potential applications in areas such as computerized adaptive testing.
Chronic Pulmonary Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection: Imaging Evaluation

This case presents a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring intensive care unit admission and a prolonged hospital stay. The infection resulted in long-term morbidity, functional decline, and abnormal chest CT findings. The mechanisms for long-term lung injury after COVID-19 infection, imaging appearances, and the role of imaging in follow-up are discussed. © RSNA, 2023
FAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF NEUTRAL CORONENE, OVALENE, AND DICORONYLENE

Here we report the first far-IR (FIR) matrix-isolated spectra of the neutral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules coronene, ovalene, and dicoronylene. The experimental spectra covered the 650–100 cm−1 (15.385–100 μm) range and the theoretical spectra covered the 650–10 cm−1 (15.385–1000 μm) range. The experimentally measured values are in excellent agreement with theoretical values. The fundamental differences between the skeletal or drumhead modes of the FIR and the group vibrational modes of the mid-IR are discussed and detailed descriptions of the FIR vibrational modes are given.
Graphical user interface design to improve understanding of the patient-reported outcome symptom response

Background Symptom monitoring application (SMA) has clinical benefits to cancer patients but patients experience difficulties in using it. Few studies have identified which types of graphical user interface (GUI) are preferred by cancer patients for using the SMA. Methods This is a cross-sectional study aimed to identify preferred GUI among cancer patients to use SMA. Total of 199 patients were asked to evaluate 8 types of GUIs combining text, icon, illustration, and colors using mixed-methods. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age and gender. Results The mean age of the patients was 57 and 42.5% was male. The most preferred GUI was “Text + Icon + Color” (mean = 4.43), followed by “Text + Icon” (mean = 4.39). Older patients (≥ 60 years) preferred “Text + Icon” than younger patients (p for interaction < 0.01). Simple and intuitive text and icons were the most useful GUI for cancer patients to use the SMA. Conclusion Simple and intuitive text and icons were the most useful GUI for cancer patients to use the SMA. Researchers need to be careful when applying realistic face drawings to cancer symptom monitoring applications because they can recall negative images of cancer.
Preoperative prescriptions and polypharmacy in elective total hip and knee arthroplasty from 2010 to 2017, a descriptive cohort study

Evaluation of regular medication is an essential part of the preanesthetic consultation. However, even in elective surgical patients, such as those scheduled for total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA), this task may be increasingly complex due to increasing age and number of pharmacologically treated comorbidities. Nevertheless, data on prescribed drugs and polypharmacy in elective surgical patients is sparse.
Explained Variance in Logistic Regression

R²is widely relied on in linear regression to index a model's discriminatory power. Many counterparts have been proposed for use in logistic regression, but no single measure is consistently used. Two potential criterion values are relevant: the explained variance in the latent scale underlying the binary indicator of event occurrence and the explained risk of the event itself. In this study, Monte Carlo methods were used to examine the performance, with respect to fixed theoretical levels of explained variance and explained risk, of eight R²analogues. The McKelvey-Zavoina measure appears to be best at estimating explained variance and either the sample-estimated explained risk or the ordinary least squares R²to be best at indexing explained risk. Other measures appear to be poor choices, primarily because asymptotic trends suggest they may be inconsistent estimators of the relevant criterion.
Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower probability of prodromal Parkinson's disease and risk for Parkinson's disease/dementia with Lewy bodies: A longitudinal study

Lifestyle factors have been implicated in the long‐lasting neurodegenerative process in prodromal Parkinson's disease (pPD). The aim was to investigate the associations between adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and longitudinal changes of pPD probability and the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) or pPD in a Mediterranean older population.
Large eddy simulation of fully developed turbulent flow in a rotating pipe

Large eddy simulation (LES) has been applied to study the fully developed turbulent pipe flow, in particular, to examine the effects of swirl driven by the rotating wall of the pipe. Experimental observations have shown that the intensity of turbulence in the rotating pipe decreases gradually with an increase in rotation rate due to the stabilizing effect of the centrifugal force. These experimentally observed phenomena are confirmed numerically using LES by comparing not only mean velocity profiles but also turbulent intensity and Reynolds stresses at two different rotation rates. The performance of two different subgrid scale models, a dynamical model and the usual Smagorinsky model, has also been assessed for the case of fully developed turbulent swirling flow. A brief description of the numerical methods used with an efficient hybrid Fourier multigrid pressure solver is presented. Particular attention has been paid to the numerical treatment of boundary conditions at the centreline.
Cardiac rehabilitation, physical activity, and the effectiveness of activity monitoring devices on cardiovascular patients: an umbrella review of systematic reviews

Abstract Aims To consolidate the evidence on the effectiveness of activity-monitoring devices and mobile applications on physical activity and health outcomes of patients with cardiovascular disease who attended cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programmes. Methods and results An umbrella review of published randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses was conducted. Nine databases were searched from inception to 9 February 2022. Search and data extraction followed the JBI methodology for umbrella reviews and PRISMA guidelines. Nine systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria, comparing outcomes of participants in CR programmes utilizing devices/applications, to patients without access to CR with devices/applications. A wide range of physical, clinical, and behavioural outcomes were reported, with results from 18 712 participants. Meta-analyses reported improvements in physical activity, minutes/week [standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10–0.35] and activity levels (SMD 0.29, 95% CI 0.07–0.51), and a reduction in sedentariness [risk ratio (RR) 0.54, 95% CI 0.39–0.75] in CR participants, compared with usual care. Of clinical outcomes, the risk of re-hospitalization reduced significantly (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.27–0.89), and there was reduction (non-significant) in mortality (RR 0.27, 95% CI 0.05–1.54). From the behavioural outcomes, reviews reported improvements in smoking behaviour (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.67–1.13) and total diet quality intake (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66–0.94) among CR patients. Conclusions The use of devices/applications was associated with increase in activity, healthy behaviours, and reductions in clinical indicators. Although most effect sizes indicate limited clinical benefits, the broad consistency of the narrative suggests devices/applications are effective at improving CR patients’ outcomes.