Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES ON IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF GONADOTROPIC HORMONES IN THE RAT PITUITARY GLAND WITH ANTISERA AGAINST OVINE FSH, LH, LHα, AND LHβ *

The production sites of the two gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), in the rat pituitary and in several other mammalian species have been widely studied for many years with different methods. The histochemical approach, which combines use of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) with alcian blue (AB) staining, according t o H e r l a n t , ' ~ ~ revealed the presence of two gonadotropic cell types in the pituitary of several mammalian species: LH cells, which are red-purple (PAS-positive) and FSH cells, which are violet (PAS-positive and AB-positive). In the rat pituitary, however, this distinction is far less evident.3 With the electron microscope, Farquhar and Rinehart,4 who studied the pituitary glands of castrated female rats, gave the first description of two different cell types that are modified by castration and that might represent the FSHand LH-secreting cells. Their observation was confirmed both in the rat and in other mammalian specie^. ^'^-^ Kurosumi and Oota,' who em loyed Barnes's distinction of two types of gonadotropic cells in mice,'? '' also described two different cell types in the pituitary of persistent estrous and diestrous rats. They concluded that FSH cells are characterized by two types of round secretory granules (200-700 nm), whereas LH cells are smaller and contain one kind of secretory granule (mean diameter 250 nm). In the male rat, nevertheless, such a functional distinction remains unclear. Moreover, the use of glutaraldehyde fixative instead of osmium tetroxide does not facilitate distinction between the two types of cells. ' More recently, immunohistochemical methods have been utilized in such studies. At the light microscopic level, both fluoresceinand peroxidase-labeled antibody techniques were used. In the castrated rat pituitary, results obtained with antibodies against human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) or hypophyseal human gonadotropins suggested that the two gonadotropic hormones could be contained in the same type of cell the so-called castration cell. ' '-' In the normal male rat, Nakane,16 who used antisera against ovine LH and FSH, found
Standardized Seawater Rearing of Chinook Salmon Smolts to Evaluate Hatchery Practices Showed Low Statistical Power

Abstract We examined, under standardized conditions, seawater survival of chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha at the smolt stage to evaluate the experimental hatchery practices applied to their rearing. The experimental rearing practices included rearing fish at different densities; attempting to control bacterial kidney disease with broodstock segregation, erythromycin injection, and an experimental diet; rearing fish on different water sources; and freeze branding the fish. After application of experimental rearing practices in hatcheries, smolts were transported to a rearing facility for about 2–3 months of seawater rearing. Of 16 experiments, 4 yielded statistically significant differences in seawater survival. In general we found that high variability among replicates, plus the low numbers of replicates available, resulted in low statistical power. We recommend including four or five replicates and using α = 0.10 in 1-tailed tests of hatchery experiments to try to increase the statistical power t.
Inversion of net ecosystem CO2 flux measurements for estimation of canopy PAR absorption

The fractional absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR) is frequently a key variable in models describing terrestrial ecosystem–atmosphere interactions, carbon uptake, growth and biogeochemistry. We present a novel approach to the estimation of the fraction of incident photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the photosynthetic components of a plant canopy (fChl). The method uses micrometeorological measurements of CO2 flux and incident radiation to estimate light response parameters from which canopy structure is deduced. Data from two Ameriflux sites in Oklahoma, a tallgrass prairie site and a wheat site, are used to derive 7‐day moving average estimates of fChl during three years (1997–1999). The inverse estimates are compared to long‐term field measurements of PAR absorption. Good correlations are obtained when the field‐measured fPAR is scaled by an estimate of the green fraction of total leaf area, although the inverse technique tends to be lower in value than the field measurements.
Notes on Flight and Host-Selection Behavior of the Pine Engraver, Ips pini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

In the presence of attractants, Ips pini (Say) flew upwind, but upwind response decreased in winds above 1 mile per hour. Beetles tended to fly downwind in the absence of attractants. Released insects flew higher at lower wind velocities and higher temperatures; their maximum flight speed was 3â4 mph. Beetles exhibited host material preferences by selecting Pinus resinosa over P. strobus logs, and by selecting horizontal over vertical logs.
Parthenocarpic Fruit Set and Endogenous Indole-3-acetic Acid Content in Ovary of Cucumis sativus L.

The relationship between parthenocarpic fruit set and endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content in ovaries of the cucumber, 'Chojitsu-Ochiai No. 2', a strongly parthenocarpic cultivar, and 'PMR-142', a weakly parthenocarpic cultivar, was studied. All ovaries after reaching 6 cm in length grew steadily thereafter to set parthenocarpic fruits. Some ovaries of 'Chojitsu -Ochiai No. 2' reached this critical length on day 3 after anthesis. In 'PMR-142', more female flowers at higher nodes and with longer ovaries set parthenocarpically than did those at lower nodes bearing shorter ovaries. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detected 3.5 times more IAA in the ovaries which were predicted to set parthenocarpically than in the ovaries which were not. The assay in 'Chojitsu-Ochiai No. 2' on day 3 after anthesis showed that ovaries longer than 6 cm which were predicted to set parthenocarpically contained 1.7 times more IAA than did those shorter than 6 cm. The results indicate a positive relationship between the endogenous IAA level in ovaries and the parthenocarpic fruit set in the respective cultivars.
In Silico Analysis of the Effects of Point Mutations on α-Globin: Implications for α-Thalassemia

Abstract Hemoglobinopathies are inherited diseases that impair the structure and function of the oxygen-carrying pigment hemoglobin (Hb). Adult Hb consists of two α and two β subunits. α-Thalassemia (α-thal) affects the genes that code for the α-globin chains, HBA1 and HBA2. Mutations can result in asymptomatic, mild or severe outcomes depending on several factors, such as mutation type, number of mutations and the location at which they occur. PredictSNP was used to estimate whether every possible single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) would have a neutral or deleterious effect on the protein. These results were then used to create a plot of predicted tolerance to change for each residue in the protein. Tolerance to change was negatively correlated with the residue’s sequence conservation score. The PredictSNP data were compared to clinical reports of 110 selected variants in the literature. There were 29 disagreements between the two data types. Some of these could be resolved by considering the role of the affected residue in binding other molecules. The three-dimensional structures of some of these variant proteins were modeled. These models helped explain variants which affect heme binding. We predict that where a point mutation alters a residue that is intolerant to change, is well conserved and or involved in interactions, it is likely to be associated with disease. Overall, the data from this study could be used alongside biochemical and clinical data to assess novel α-globin variants.
Malignant melanotic Xp11 neoplasms exhibit a clinicopathologic spectrum and gene expression profiling akin to alveolar soft part sarcoma: a proposal for reclassification

The classification of the distinct group of mesenchymal neoplasms, first described as ‘Xp11 translocation perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa)’ and for which the term ‘melanotic Xp11 neoplasm’ or ‘Xp11 neoplasm with melanocytic differentiation’ has recently been proposed, remains challenging and controversial. We collected 27 melanotic Xp11 neoplasms, the largest series to date, for a comprehensive evaluation. Fourteen of the cases, together with eight alveolar soft part sarcomas (ASPS), nine conventional PEComas and a control group of seven normal tissues were submitted to RNA sequencing. Follow‐up available in 22 patients showed 5‐year overall survival and 5‐year disease‐free survival of 47.6 and 35.7%, respectively, which were similar to ASPS and significantly worse than conventional PEComa. Univariate analysis of location (occurring in the kidney versus not kidney), infiltrative growth pattern, nuclear pleomorphism, mitotic activity ≥2/50 high‐power fields (HPF), necrosis and lymphovascular invasion were found to be associated with overall survival and/or disease‐free survival. Multivariate analysis identified that location was the only factor found to independently correlate with disease‐free survival. More importantly, RNA sequencing‐based clustering analysis segregated melanotic Xp11 neoplasm and ASPS from other tumors, including conventional PEComa and Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma, and formed a compact cluster representative of the largely similar expression signature. Here we clearly define the true biologic nature of melanotic Xp11 neoplasms which are distinctive malignant mesenchymal tumors, rather than simply PEComa variants with occasionally unpredictable behavior. Meanwhile, melanotic Xp11 neoplasm and ASPS more likely represent phenotypic variants of the same entity, which is distinct from conventional PEComa and Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma. Based on these important findings, melanotic Xp11 neoplasm might be reclassified into a distinctive entity together with ASPS, independent from PEComa, in future revisions of the current WHO categories of tumors of soft tissue and bone for the improved reclassification. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uniform straw-like cell architecture for three-dimensional cell–cell communication assay

ABSTRACT We fabricated uniform straw-like cell architecture with central lumen using a suture thread within 1 h. The architecture consisting of cancer cells and mature adipocyte was used for cell–cell communication assay, although mature adipocyte could not form spontaneous multi-cellular spheroids. Using the system, it is possible to investigate three-dimensional cell–cell communication as an alternative to animal experiments. Abbreviations EB: embryoid body; 2D: two-dimension; 3D: three-dimension; PBS: phosphate buffered saline
The Psychology of Entrenched Privilege: High Socioeconomic Status Individuals From Affluent Backgrounds Are Uniquely High in Entitlement

As rates of intergenerational social mobility decline, it is increasingly important to understand the psychological consequences of entrenched socioeconomic privilege. Here, we explore whether current and childhood socioeconomic status (SES) are interactively related to entitlement, such that among currently high SES individuals, those from affluent backgrounds are likely to feel uniquely high levels of entitlement, whereas currently low SES individuals feel low entitlement regardless of their backgrounds. A meta-analysis of four exploratory studies (total N = 3,105) found that currently high SES individuals who were also raised in high SES households were especially inclined to report feeling entitled, a pattern that was robust across three indicators of SES: income, education, and subjective SES. Results of a preregistered, confirmatory study (N = 1,058) replicated this interactive pattern for education and subjective SES, though not for income. Our findings highlight the importance of considering current and childhood SES jointly to understand the psychological consequences of SES.
N- and C-terminal regions of αB-crystallin and Hsp27 mediate inhibition of amyloid nucleation, fibril binding, and fibril disaggregation

Small heat-shock proteins (sHSPs) are ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperones that inhibit amyloid fibril formation; however, their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. sHSPs comprise a conserved α-crystallin domain flanked by variable N- and C-terminal regions. To investigate the functional contributions of these three regions, we compared the chaperone activities of various constructs of human αB-crystallin (HSPB5) and heat-shock 27-kDa protein (Hsp27, HSPB1) during amyloid formation by α-synuclein and apolipoprotein C-II. Using an array of approaches, including thioflavin T fluorescence assays and sedimentation analysis, we found that the N-terminal region of Hsp27 and the terminal regions of αB-crystallin are important for delaying amyloid fibril nucleation and for disaggregating mature apolipoprotein C-II fibrils. We further show that the terminal regions are required for stable fibril binding by both sHSPs and for mediating lateral fibril–fibril association, which sequesters preformed fibrils into large aggregates and is believed to have a cytoprotective function. We conclude that although the isolated α-crystallin domain retains some chaperone activity against amyloid formation, the flanking domains contribute additional and important chaperone activities, both in delaying amyloid formation and in mediating interactions of sHSPs with amyloid aggregates. Both these chaperone activities have significant implications for the pathogenesis and progression of diseases associated with amyloid deposition, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
Editorial

Abstract The editorial to the inaugural issue of this Journal stated that it was interested in cultural and ethical issues, studies of joint alliances, and organisational transformation, with an interest in receiving papers that relate to the change processes that organisations pass through, or factors that affect these change processes. It was indicated that in addition, interest lies in not only organisational change, but in broader processes of social change, as well as cybernetics and systems perspectives. It was also stated that the Journal would seek to shape organisation theory. There is a particular interest in the change imperative for organisations pursuing purposes and interests and, over time, taking actions that interactively define where they are going, and whose future pathways are influenced by internal or external change. We stated that the Journal looks to change as an increasingly strategic agenda, and is interested in discussing cases where the relationship between organisational behaviour, structure and culture may be central. While the papers in this edition address this relationship in different ways, all are centrally concerned with this double issue. They have been assembled in a double issue not only because of their relative interconnectedness that defines an overall theme, but also to enable the maintenance in variety. We say this while noting that at least one of these papers (that is closely related to some of the core interests of this journal) is of unusual length, and that there is also an extensive obituary that is in itself a reflective academic paper by an eminent author.
Physical Fitness and Dyslipidemia Among Japanese: A Cohort Study From the Niigata Wellness Study

Background Grip strength reflects systemic muscle strength and mass and is reportedly associated with various metabolic variables. However, its prognostic association with dyslipidemia is unknown. We examined the association of grip strength and other physical fitness markers with the incidence of dyslipidemia among Japanese adults. Methods A total of 16,149 Japanese (6,208 women) individuals aged 20–92 years who underwent a physical fitness test between April 2001 and March 2002 were included in this cohort study. Grip strength, vertical jump, single-leg balance with eyes closed, forward bending, and whole-body reaction time were evaluated at baseline. Dyslipidemia was annually determined based on fasting serum lipid profiles and self-reported dyslipidemia from April 2001 to March 2008. Results During the follow-up period, 4,458 (44.9%) men and 2,461 (39.6%) women developed dyslipidemia. A higher relative grip strength (grip strength/body mass index) was associated with a lower incidence of dyslipidemia among both men and women (P for trend <0.001). Compared with those for the first septile, the hazards ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the seventh septile were 0.56 (95% CI, 0.50–0.63) for men and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.58–0.81) for women. Moreover, relative vertical jump (vertical jump strength/body mass index) was also inversely associated with the incidence of dyslipidemia among both men and women (P for trend <0.001). There was no association between other physical fitness and dyslipidemia among both men and women. Conclusion Relative grip strength and vertical jump may be useful risk markers of the incidence of dyslipidemia.
Toward a Commonly Shared Public Policy Perspective for Analyzing Risk Coping Strategies

The concept of risk has received scholarly attention from a variety of angles in the social, technical, and natural sciences. However, public policy scholars have not yet generated a comprehensive overview, shared understanding and conceptual framework of the main problem‐solving approaches applied by governments in coping with risks. In this regard, our main aim is to examine existing perspectives on prevailing risk coping strategies, find a common denominator among them and contribute to current policy and risk science literature through providing a conceptual framework that systematically spans the spectrum of risk coping strategies and incorporates the essence of the most relevant insights. To this end, we first examine the concept of risk in‐depth by exploring various definitions and types of risk. We then review different approaches proposed by different strands of research for addressing risk. Finally, we assess current knowledge and develop an amalgamated perspective for examining how risks can be addressed by classifying them into six general types of response (no response; prevention; control; precaution; toleration; and adaptation) as well as indicators to identify these responses. We argue that these strategies can function as a heuristic tool for decisionmakers in designing appropriate policies to cope with risks in decision‐making processes.
Gene Ontology Curation of Neuroinflammation Biology Improves the Interpretation of Alzheimer’s Disease Gene Expression Data

Background: Gene Ontology (GO) is a major bioinformatic resource used for analysis of large biomedical datasets, for example from genome-wide association studies, applied universally across biological fields, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research. Objective: We aim to demonstrate the applicability of GO for interpretation of AD datasets to improve the understanding of the underlying molecular disease mechanisms, including the involvement of inflammatory pathways and dysregulated microRNAs (miRs). Methods: We have undertaken a systematic full article GO annotation approach focused on microglial proteins implicated in AD and the miRs regulating their expression. PANTHER was used for enrichment analysis of previously published AD data. Cytoscape was used for visualizing and analyzing miR-target interactions captured from published experimental evidence. Results: We contributed 3,084 new annotations for 494 entities, i.e., on average six new annotations per entity. This included a total of 1,352 annotations for 40 prioritized microglial proteins implicated in AD and 66 miRs regulating their expression, yielding an average of twelve annotations per prioritized entity. The updated GO resource was then used to re-analyze previously published data. The re-analysis showed novel processes associated with AD-related genes, not identified in the original study, such as ‘gliogenesis’, ‘regulation of neuron projection development’, or ‘response to cytokine’, demonstrating enhanced applicability of GO for neuroscience research. Conclusions: This study highlights ongoing development of the neurobiological aspects of GO and demonstrates the value of biocuration activities in the area, thus helping to delineate the molecular bases of AD to aid the development of diagnostic tools and treatments.
Abundance and habitat use of juvenile sunfish among different macrophyte stands

Abstract Collingsworth, PD and Kohler, CC. 2010. Abundance and habitat use of juvenile sunfish among different macrophyte stands. Lake Reserv. Manage. 26:35-42. Juvenile Lepomis sunfish (< 75 mm total length, TL) density, plant stem density and invertebrate density were compared in the 3 most common habitats in the littoral zone of Cedar Lake, a Midwestern North American reservoir: nonvegetated areas, stands of the exotic macrophyte Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) and stands of American pondweed (Potomogeton nodosus). Eurasian watermilfoil stands consistently had significantly higher stem density and invertebrate density than American pondweed stands. Juvenile sunfish densities were significantly higher in vegetated habitats than nonvegetated areas, but no significant differences were observed between the 2 vegetated habitats. Juvenile sunfish densities were initially higher in American pondweed stands than Eurasian watermilfoil stands, but fish density in American pondweed stands declined dramatically as water levels fell in autumn. Juvenile sunfish size structure was related to habitat type, with the smallest fish associated with Eurasian watermilfoil (38.2 mm TL), intermediate fish associated with American pondweed (43.1 mm TL), and the largest fish associated with nonvegetated habitats (51.2 mm TL). We suggest resource agencies should focus vegetation management efforts on eradicating Eurasian watermilfoil stands to provide foraging access for largemouth bass to improve their growth rate and reduce stunting of sunfish. However, management agencies must recognize that a healthy plant community below the depth of water level fluctuation may be the only source of cover for juvenile centrarchids during late summer in reservoirs prone to fluctuating water levels.
Effect of two different protein/fat ratios of the diet on meagre (Argyrosomus regius) traits

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two diets with different protein/fat ratios (P/F) (diet A: P/F 2.26; diet B: P/F 3.36) on the chemical composition, fatty acid profile and some somatic indexes of meagre (Argyrosomus regius). The trial was carried out on two groups of meagre raised in two different sea cages during 15 months. At the end of the production cycle biometric measures as well as chemical-nutritional analysis of the fillets were conducted on 25 fishes per group. Diet A, with a lower P/F, furnished animals with higher percentages of mesenteric fat (0.48 vs 0.41%; P<0.01) and of fillet yield (51.21 vs 48.12; P<0.01). Moreover, the fillets obtained with the diet A showed higher percentage of fat (3.60 vs 2.41%; P< 0.01), lower moisture (74.10 vs 75.42%; P<0.01), lower losses of water under pressure (16.73 vs 20.20%; P<0.01) and after 48 h of refrigeration (3.08 vs 4.23%; P<0.01). The fatty acids profile of fillets was affected by the diet. Diet A resulted in a higher level of saturated fatty acids (26.44 vs 23.17% of total lipid; P<0.01) and a lower percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (31.56 vs 36.08%; P<0.01) in the fillet, mainly due to the lower content of linoleic acid (13.63 vs 19.77%; P<0.01). The atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic (TI) indexes, which resulted very low in the fish of Group B (AI=0.48 vs 0.60, P<0.01; TI=0.33 vs 0.37, P<0.01), together with the low lipid content of meat in both groups, confirmed the very high nutritional quality of meagre fillets.