Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling, simulation and operational parameters of dissolved air flotation

This paper presents the mathematical formulation of a model for bubble–floc agglomeration in the contact zone of dissolved air flotation (DAF). It also contains rising velocity formulae for a bubble–floc agglomerate in the separation zone of DAF. The bubble–floc agglomeration model is based on the population balance of air bubbles, particles, and bubble–particle agglomerates, and the rate of bubble–floc collision and attachment. The model has been designed for two cases: where particles are larger than bubbles and vice versa. The requirements of pre-treatment (coagulation and flocculation) and the amount of air as bubbles are discussed, with the support of a model simulation. The air supply–consumption ratio ( A sc ) is derived as an important static parameter determining DAF performance, and should be greater than 1. The traditional DAF parameter, the air–solid ratio ( A s ), is proportional to the air supply–consumption ratio. The DAF model parameter evaluation suggested that it should be on the order of 0.01 or more. To ensure a sufficient bubble–floc collision rate, the DAF model simulation revealed, the kinetic parameter (bubble volume concentration times floc diameter, φ b d ) should be greater than 6.0 × 10 −8 m. The performance of DAF in treating a high concentration suspension (>100 mg/L) is dependent mainly on the air–solid ratio (or the air supply–consumption ratio). For low concentration suspensions (≪100 mg/L), φ b d instead of the air–solid ratio is a dominant operational parameter in ensuring an acceptable bubble–floc collision frequency. The bubble volume concentration required for treating a low concentration suspension can be reduced with the increase of floc size by pre-flocculation.
Thermo‐ and pH‐ responsive copolymers: Poly(n‐Isopropylacrylamide‐co‐IAM) copolymers

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (NIPAAm) is well known as a smart material with good thermal sensitivity and favorable biocompatibility. A series of new smart hydrogels, NIPAAm copolymerized with IAM (itaconamic acid; 4-amino-2-methylene-4-oxobutanoic acid), were synthesized through radical solution polymerization in this work. Poly(NIPAAm-co-IAM) can respond to the changes of temperature as well as pH value. Such a characteristic is due to the fact that IAM contains not only a hydrophilic acrylic acid moiety but also an acrylamide moiety to be thermal and pH sensitive. The experimental results show that the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the copolymer increases as the molar fraction of IAM increases. Moreover, based on the current experimental data, 3 wt % of Poly(NIPAAm-co-IAM) aqueous solution in this study exhibits a phase transition temperature (37.8°C) close to the human body temperature in the buffer solution of pH 7 possibly to be useful in drug delivery. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42367.
Drying of Guava and Papaya: Impact of Different Drying Methods

Heat pump dryers (HPD) are known as high-energy-efficiency devices with low economic cost. As it is usually a closed system, the drying media can be substituted by inert gases. In this study, the effect of nitrogen and carbon dioxide on guava and papaya were investigated. Both drying kinetics and quality of these dried fruits resulting from the two methods were compared with normal air HPD, vacuum dryer, and freeze dryer. When using CO2, the effective diffusivity during the drying process was 44% higher in guava and 16.34% higher in papaya. There was less browning, faster rehydration, and more vitamin C retention in the final products. All these reveal the great potential of modified atmosphere heat pump dryer in the food drying industry.
Adding further complexity to the polybasite structure: The role of Ag in the B layer of the -M2a2b2c polytype

Abstract We report data on the composition and crystal structure of the most Ag-rich (15.63 apfu) natural polybasite yet discovered. It shows the -M2a2b2c polytype. The crystal studied was found in a sample (mineralogical collection of the Royal Ontario Museum) from Gowganda, Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada. Electron microprobe analysis yields the formula [Ag6(Sb1.78As0.18)Σ=1.96S7] [Ag9(Ag0.63Cu0.43)Σ=1.06S4]. Lattice parameters are a = 26.2625(4), b = 15.1623(5), c = 24.1061(6) Å, β = 90.045(5)°, V = 9599.0(4) Å3. The structure was refined in the space group C2/c to R = 0.0581 using 7725 observed reflections [I > 2σ(I)]. The refinement shows that one of the three structural positions of the B module layer usually occupied by Cu is dominated by Ag. Crystal-chemical characteristics are compared with published data on the other members of the pearceite-polybasite group. Some remarks concerning nomenclature are also given.
Use of ozone as an alternative to chlorine for treatment of soft wheat flours

Ozonation was studied as an alternative to chlorination for cake flour. Ozone treatment in a wooden tumbler at room temperature was conducted. Unchlorinated flour was treated with ozone at the rate of 0.06 L/min for 10 and 36 min using 5 lb of flour. Ozonation of cake flour decreased pH and increased the lightness (L value) of flour. Baking studies using a high-ratio white layer cake formulation showed that the volume of cakes significantly increased (p< 0.05) as ozonation time increased and cakes were softer than those made with chlorinated or control flours. The cell brightness and number of cells measured by image analysis (C-Cell) of cakes from ozone treated flour for 36 min exhibited similar values to those from chlorinated flour. Cakes made from flours after lipid extraction and after lipid extraction plus ozonation had low volume, indicating that lipids play a role in cake performance. Identification of volatile compounds that contribute to the odor of ozone treated flour was conducted. Volatile compounds of chlorinated, unchlorinated, defatted control, and ozonated defatted flours were analyzed using a purge and trap instrument and GC-MS. Aldehydes, alcohols, hydrocarbons and other compounds were found in unchlorinated and chlorinated flours while the volatile compounds present in ozone treated flours were mainly aldehydes and ketones. A rapid reduction in volatile compounds was detected when ozone treated flours were stored uncovered in a fume hood. Ozonation of defatted soft wheat flour produced less volatile aldehydes than ozone treated whole flour. The optimum temperature and time for ozone treatment in a metal tumbler using a response surface methodology design was studied. Time (5, 15, and 25 min) and temperature (25, 35 and 45 oC) was used with three response parameters. The optimum ozonation time was about 8 to 11 min with the temperature range between 36 and 46 oC. Ozone treatment for 5 to 25 min at room temperature showed an increase in unextractable polymeric protein, indicating a shift of protein to a higher molecular weight. Increase in Mixograph peak time, peak viscosity, and water retention capacity were observed as ozonation time increased. The ozone treatment did not affect the transition temperature and enthalpy change of the flour samples. USE OF OZONE AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO CHLORINE FOR TREATMENT OF SOFT
Chemical composition and antibacterial and antimutagenic activity of Tunisian Rosmarinus officinalis L. oil from Kasrine

The first aim of this study was to describe in detail the chemical composition of Tunisian Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil (EO) from Kasrine. The second aim was to test its antibacterial and antimutagenic activities. EOs were extracted from rosemary leaves by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical analysis was carried out by using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty chemical compounds were identified in EOs. The quantitative composition of EOs differs between geographical sources.The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against five pathogenic bacterial strains: Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus luteus. All EOs were dissolved in Tween-80. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined by sub-culture at TSA agar plates which were incubated at 37°C during 18-24 h. The antimutagenic effect was tested by Ames test on Salmonella typhimurium TA97. Rosemary EOs had a good antimicrobial activity against all bacteria tested, E. coli being the most sensitive. EOs can be suggested as an antimutagenic agent. The antibacterial and antimutagenic activities are not related only to major compounds but also to the minor components of rosemary EOs. Rosemary oil can be used as an antimicrobial agent in hospitals by pulverisation or in soaps and in foods such as fish, meat, milk and its derivatives. Regular use of honey based on rosemary might help to treat chronic bacterial infections or cancer.
Mobility of Heavy Metals in Soil Profiles

Abstract Mobility is a concept frequently used in soil science to estimate the risk of contamination of other environmental compartments. However some confusion exists over the definition of mobility, originating from the fact that this term is used in different fields. Consequently many operational parameters have appeared in relation to mobility estimation. This leads to great difficulties in comparatively interpreting practical data obtained under different conditions, and especially the biological significance of mobility. A standardization of the definition of mobility, taking into account the time scale, should be recommended. Practical results obtained in reconstituted soil-vegetation systems are discussed, with a particular emphasis on the “mobility” of Cd, Cu and Zn. Several definitions were used to estimate the movement of heavy metals in the studied systems, i.e. the metal exports by plants or by gravitational water and the distribution of metals in the soil profile; this led to opposite conclu.
Cavitation in liquid cryogens. 3: Ogives

This document constitutes the third of 4 volumes to be issued on the results of continuing cavitation studies. Experimental results for 3, scaled, quarter-caliber ogives are given. Both desinent and developed cavity data, using liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen, are reported. The desinent data do not exhibit a consistent ogive size effect, but the developed cavity data were consistently influenced by ogive size; B-factor increases with increasing ogive diameter. The developed cavity data indicated that stable thermodynamic equilibrium exists throughout the vaporous cavities. These data were correlated by using the extended theory derived in NASA CR-2156 (v. 2 of this report series). The new correlating parameter, MTWO, improves data correlation for the ogives, hydrofoil, and venturi and appears attactive for future predictive applications. The cavitation coefficient K/sub c/ min and equipment size effects are shown to vary with specific equipment-fluid combinations. A method of estimating K/sub c/ min from knowledge of the noncavitating pressure coefficient is suggested. (30 refs.)
Hoganite and paceite, two new acetate minerals from the Potosi mine, Broken Hill, Australia

Abstract Hoganite, copper(II) acetate monohydrate, and paceite (pronounced ‘pace-ite’), calcium(II) copper(II) tetraacetate hexahydrate, occur as isolated crystals embedded in ferruginous gossan from the Potosi Pit, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. They are associated with goethite, hematite, quartz, linarite, malachite, azurite, cerussite and cuprian smithsonite. Hoganite is bluish green with a pale blue streak and a Mohs hardness of 1½; it possesses perfect {001} and distinct {110} cleavages and has a conchoidal fracture. Chemical analysis of hoganite gave (wt.%) C 23.85; H 3.95; Cu 31.6; Fe 0.4; O (by difference) 40.2, yielding an empirical formula of C4H7.89O5. 07Cu1.00Fe0. 01. The simplified formula is C4H8O5Cu or Cu(CH3COO)2. H2O, the mineral being identical to the synthetic compound of the same formula. Single-crystal X-ray data for hoganite are: monoclinic, space group C2/c, α = 13.162(3), b = 8.555(2), c = 13.850(3) Å, β = 117.08(3)°, Z = 8. The density, calculated from single-crystal data, is 1.910 g cm-3. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder pattern are [dobs (Iobs) (hkl)] 6.921 (100) (011); 3.532 (28) (202); 6.176 (14) (200); 3.592 (11) (1̅22); 5.382 (10) (2̅11); 2.278 (10) (204); 5.872 (9) (002). Hoganite (orientation presently unknown) is biaxial positive with α = 1.533(2), β = 1.541(3), γ = 1.554(2), 2V(meas.) = 85(5)°, 2V(calc.) = 76.8°, dispersion is r < v, medium (white light); it is strongly pleochroic with X = blue, Y = pale bluish, Z = pale bluish green and absorption X > Y > Z. The mineral is named after Graham P. Hogan of Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, a miner and well-known collector of Broken Hill minerals. Paceite is dark blue with a pale blue streak and a Mohs hardness of 1½; it possesses perfect {100} and {110} cleavages and has an uneven fracture. Chemical analysis of paceite gave (wt.%) C 21.25; H 5.3; Ca 9.0; Cu 14.1; O (by difference) 50.35, yielding an empirical formula of C8H23.77O14. 23Ca1.02-Cu1.00. The simplified formula is C8H24O14CaCu or CaCu(CH3COO)4. 6H2O, the mineral being identical to the synthetic compound of the same formula. Unit-cell data (refined from X-ray powder diffraction data) for paceite are: tetragonal, space group I4/m, α = 11.155(4), c = 16.236(17) Å, Z = 4. The density, calculated from refined cell data, is 1.472 g cm-3. The strongest lines in the X-ray powder pattern are [dobs (Iobs) (hkl)] 7.896 (100) (110); 3.530 (20) (310); 5.586 (15) (200); 8.132 (8) (002); 9.297 (6) (101); 2.497 (4) (420); 3.042 (3) (321). Paceite is uniaxial positive with ω = 1.439(2) and ε = 1.482(3) (white light); pleochroism is bluish with a greenish tint (O), pale bluish with a greyish tint (E), and absorption O ≥ E. The mineral is named after Frank L. Pace of Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, an ex-miner and well-known collector of Broken Hill minerals.
Mathematical model for the nonsteady decomposition of intumescent coatings

A 1-D transient mathematical model was studied for a composite system consisting of a substrate (steel) and an intumescent coating exposed to radiative heating. By applying a simple heat conduction equation for the first material, a general model proposes the coating consisting of three components, which degrade according to independent finite-rate reactions. Mass and heat transfer take place across a variable volume medium, including a simplified mechanism for bubble dynamics and material swelling. A parametric analysis clarifies the role of several parameters on the fire retardancy performance of the coating. Good agreement is obtained between predictions and measurements of the substrate temperature profiles.
Rapid Determination of Cell Morphology in Eucalyptus Wood by Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy

Analysis of cell morphology in native wood is a lengthy, multistep procedure, although it has a marked effect on product quality and the use of wood. The feasibility of using FT-Raman spectroscopy for rapid determination of cell length and cell wall ratio as cell morphology in native wood was examined with the use of wood meals of two Eucalyptus species, including samples of various ages and colors. The second-derivative transformation of Raman spectroscopic data and the partial least-squares regression revealed highly significant correlations between conventionally measured and Raman predicted values for cell length and cell wall ratio with correlation coefficient r > 0.9 and 0.8, respectively, in the calibration (for known samples, n = 55) and in the prediction (for unknown samples, n = 25).
Characterization and biological studies of a new platinum(II) complex with the amino acid L-alliin

Synthesis and characterization of a new Pt(II) complex with the amino acid L-alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide, C6H11NO3S) are described. Elemental and mass spectrometric analyses of the solid complex are consistent with [PtCl2(alliin)], or [PtCl2(C6H11NO3S)]. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), [1H–15N] two dimensional (2D) NMR and infrared spectroscopy indicate coordination of the ligand to Pt(II) through the N and S atoms. The complex is very soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide. Biological analysis for evaluation of a potential cytotoxic effect of the complex was performed using HeLa cells derived from human cervical adenocarcinoma. The complex presented moderate cytotoxic activity, inducing about 40% cell death at a concentration of 400 μmol · L−1.
Active And Intelligent Packaging Food – Research And Development – A Review

Abstract Innovation in food and beverage packaging is mostly driven by consumer needs and demands influenced by changing global trends, such as increased life expectancy, and fewer organizations investing in food production and distribution. Food industry has seen great advances in the packaging sector since its inception in the 18th century with most active and intelligent innovations occurring during the past century. These advances have led to improved food quality and safety. Active and intelligent packaging is a new and exciting area of technology which received efficient contemporary consumer response. The aim of this review article was to present active and intelligent packaging currently existing on the market
An inorganic-organic compound with 1D honeycomb-like channels constructed from non-covalent linkage: synthesis and properties

An inorganic-organic hybrid compound {[Cu(phen)3]2PW11VO40 · 2H2O (1) has been hydrothermally prepared and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR, CV, TG, magnetic susceptibility measurements and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 27.232(2) Å, b = 25.351(2) Å, c = 16.2748 (4) Å, β = 105.20°, V = 10842.3 Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0490 and wR2 = 0.1362. The structure of 1 exhibits a three-dimensional supramolecular network, formed by hydrogen-bonding and π–π stacking interactions. The three-dimensional network consists of one-dimensional honeycomb channels, which accommodate free water molecules. The size of the channel is 10.4 × 10.4 Å. Electrochemistry of 1 shows it undergoes three one-electron reversible redox processes. Variable-temperature magnetic measurements show typical antiferromagnetic interactions in the 2–300 K temperature range.
Growth of native oxide on a silicon surface

The control factors controlling the growth of native silicon oxide on silicon (Si) surfaces have been identified. The coexistence of oxygen and water or moisture is required for growth of native oxide both in air and in ultrapure water at room temperature. Layer‐by‐layer growth of native oxide films occurs on Si surfaces exposed to air. Growth of native oxides on n‐Si in ultrapure water is described by a parabolic law, while the native oxide film thickness on n +‐Si in ultrapure water saturates at 10 A. The native oxide growth on n‐Si in ultrapure water is continuously accompanied by a dissolution of Si into the water and degrades the atomic flatness at the oxide‐Si interface, producing a rough oxide surface. A dissolution of Si into the water has not been observed for the Si wafer having surface covered by the native oxide grown in air. Native oxides grown in air and in ultrapure de‐ionized water have been demonstrated experimentally to exhibit remarkable differences such as contact angles of ultrapure waterdrops and chemical binding energy. These chemical bond structures for native oxide filmsgrown in air and in ultrapure water are also discussed.
Solubilization of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the presence of tween series surfactants

The aqueous solubility of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Ketoprofen, Ibuprofen, Diflunisal and Naproxen were measured in the presence of the Tween series surfactants at 37°C. Results showed that the solubility of NSAIDs in the Tween solutions was approximately proportional to Tween concentration; the ability of Tween series surfactants to solubilize NSAIDs in the present study was Tween-80 > Tween-60 > Tween-40 > Tween-20; the order of increased solubility of NSAIDs in Tween series surfactants at a constant Tween series and concentration was Ibuprofen > Ketoprofen > Diflunisal > Naproxen. Under suitable conditions Tween series surfactants can be highly effective used to enhance the solubility of NSAIDs.
Crystal structure of 2-ethyl-2-hydroxybutyric acid, at 200 K, C6H12O3

C6H12O3, triclinic, P1 (no. 2), a = 6.7695(5) Å, b = 10.9645(8) Å, c = 11.2349(9) Å, & = 98.322(4)°, % = 107.359(3)°, ! = 104.064(4)°, V = 750.5 Å, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0442, wRref(F ) = 0.1229, T = 200 K.
Time of application of farmyard manure and fertilizer nitrogen on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake of dryland wheat

SUMMARY Experiments made for 4 years in the seasonally dry period of the monsoon environment of north-west India showed that the application of farmyard manure (FYM) with the onset of monsoon rains (in early July) was more advantageous for the growth and yield of wheat than its application at the end of the monsoon season in mid-September. Fertilizer N drilled into the soil with the cessation of rains was better utilized by wheat than that applied at sowing in mid-November. A combination of the organic matter and urea was better than their application separately. N, P and K removal by the wheat crop was significantly increased by FYM and urea application. The time of their application influenced the nutrient removal by the crop in the same way as it affected its growth and yield.
Effect of iron oxide on phosphate sorption by calcite and calcareous soils

SUMMARY Pure calcite (AR grade CaCO3) was treated with ferrous perchlorate solution to give a surface coating of iron (Fe) oxide. Maximum sorption (xm) of phosphate (P) by the calcite increased from 18.2 to 160 mg P kg−1 as the amount of coating increased from 0.00 to 16.0 g Fe2O3, kg−1 CaCO3. Evidence for Fe oxide coatings on carbonate minerals in two Sudanese soils was obtained by optical microscopy and electron-probe microanalysis. The relative contributions of carbonate and Fe oxide minerals, and Fe oxide coatings to P sorption in these soils were calculated, based on an assumed model of oxide distribution. Separate-phase Fe oxide was the major contributor (30–40%) to P sorption in the soils; the Fe oxide coatings on carbonate minerals were only minor contributors (< 6%), and the contribution of uncoated carbonate minerals was found to be negligible (<1 %). These results suggest a very minor role for carbonate minerals, even when coated with Fe oxide, in the sorption of P by these calcareous, Sudanese soils.