Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of incidence of post-operative wound infection in women undergoing caesarean section: a retrospective study

Background: The surgical site infection is the second most common infectious complication occurring after caesarean section. Infections occurring after caesarean section represent a considerable burden to the healthcare systems and preventing these complications is a priority of healthcare systems especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of SSI in patients undergoing a LSCS at a RIMS teaching hospital, Raichur, and to identify risk factors, common bacterial pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity. Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted in RIMS Institute, during a period of 3 years i.e. from 20132016. In this study a total of 50 cases were collected from MRD department. They were divided into two groupscases and controls, each having 50 subjects each. Wound infection was defined as inflammation or sepsis with or without positive bacterial cultures. With SSI, there may be fever, redness, swelling and/or pain in the area around the incision site. Complete information regarding demographic data, the type and indication for caesarean section, duration of labour, duration of surgery and rupture of membrane were recorded. Wound infections occuring after 30 days of LSCS & other gynaecological surgeries were excluded. All the results were analyzed by SPSS software 16.0. Chi-square test and student t test were used for the assessment of level of significance. Probability value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 100 subjects were included in the present study, out of which, 50 were cases and the remaining 50 were controls. The mean age of the subjects was 37.45 years. There were 7 cases and 13 controls who were aged between 20-24 years. There was no significant difference amongst cases and controls regarding age. There was a significant difference in the haemoglobin levels amongst cases and controls. The third criterion that was assessed was duration of labour. Majority of the cases had prolonged labour whereas in majority of the controls, the duration of labour of labour was less than 6 hours. There was a significant difference in duration of labour amongst cases and controls (p<0.05). Elective c section was done in 2 cases and 6 controls. C section was performed in an emergency in 48 cases and 44 controls. There was a significant difference in the operation time between cases and controls (p<0.05). E.coli infection occurred in 15 cases in the present study followed by Actinobacter species which occurred in 13 cases. Absence of growth was seen in 5 cases. Conclusions: The risk factors associated with SSI in our study were, haemoglobin levels, prolonged labour, duration of operation. The most common organisms isolated were E. coli and Actinobacter species.
Level of underreporting including underdiagnosis before the first peak of COVID-19 in various countries: Preliminary retrospective results based on wavelets and deterministic modeling

Steven G. Krantz1 and Arni S.R. Srinivasa Rao234 1Department of Mathematics, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, 2Division of Health Economics and Modeling, Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, 3Laboratory for Theory and Mathematical Modeling, Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia and 4Department of Mathematics, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
Climate change impact on crop development and water requirements

Debido al impacto del cambio climático la modificación de los componentes del ciclo hidrológico, principalmente la evapotranspiración y la precipitación, tendrá un efecto radical en las demandas de riego y en la gestión de los sistemas de riego. Las proyecciones del cambio climático indican un incremento de la temperatura ambiental, con variabilidad en el espacio y en el tiempo. En este trabajo se analizó el impacto esperado del cambio climático en las demandas hídricas y en el desarrollo de los cultivos usando proyecciones de cambio climático para el escenario de emisiones medio moderado (A1B), para las condiciones del Distrito de Riego 075, Río Fuerte, Sinaloa, México. Se estimó que para finales de siglo el aumento anual de la evapotranspiración de referencia será 10 % respecto a los valores actuales. La demanda hídrica de los cultivos se reducirá 13 % para el ciclo otoñoinvierno, 6 % para el ciclo primavera-verano e incrementará 7 % en el ciclo de perennes para fines de siglo. Lo anterior se atribuye a que a pesar de que la evapotranspiración de referencia se incrementará, el mayor impacto por incremento de la temperatura será en la reducción del ciclo fenológico de los cultivos anuales. Por tanto es necesario implantar acciones de adaptación: en primer lugar el uso de híbridos o variedades de ciclo más largo que las actuales, con resistencia al estrés térmico, y en segundo lugar, la compactación del periodo de siembra hacia los meses más fríos.
Effects Of Chilling On Tomato Fruit Ripening

The effects of chilling on fruit ripening and the expression of ripening-related genes have been investigated in the tomato introgression line 11-2 (Solanum lycopersicum × S. pennelli) (IL 11-2). Fruit were harvested at breaker stage, stored at 3 °C for 0, 1, 2 and 4 weeks, and then transferred to ripen at 20 °C for 0 to14 d. Fruit ripened normally, as assessed by red color development and softening at 20 °C, if stored for 1 week, but ripening was delayed or inhibited in fruit stored for 2 and 4 weeks. The extent of ripening inhibition was more severe in fruit stored for 4 weeks than fruit stored for 2 weeks. Climacteric ethylene production was greatest in fruit stored for 1 week, but reduced in fruit stored for 4 weeks. The expression of ripeningrelated genes affected by chilling was assessed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Genes involved in color development, phytoene synthase1 (PSY1), carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO), geranyl-geranyl diphosphate synthase 2 (GGPPS2), and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) were reduced by chilling, as were polygalacturonase (PG), pectin esterase1 (PE1), β-galacturonase TBG4, expansin1 (LeExp1), and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase 5 (XTH5), associated with cell wall-modification. Alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) and alcohol acyltransferase (AAT) gene expression was also reduced by chilling. Fruit stored for 1 week showed an increased or unchanged gene expression of ACS2, ACS4, whereas reduced ACS2 and ACS4 expression was observed in fruit stored for 4 weeks. ACO1 expression increased in chilled fruit during cold storage, but decreased after
Analysis of chromatin modification and remodeling in the transcriptional regulation of the Wnt/Wg pathway

Wnt/Wingless (Wg) signaling plays important developmental roles in animal development. Without Wnt/Wg stimulation, the key activator β-catenin/Armadillo (Arm) gets constitutively degraded by the proteosome. When the signal is turned on, βcatenin/Arm is released from this degradation and the accumulation of β-catenin/Arm in the nucleus causes the transcription factor TCF to switch from a repressor to an activator. How the Wnt/Wg signaling pathway regulates chromatin structure is not well understood. In this report, we examined the post-translational histone modifications involved in the Wnt/Wg signaling activation process. Surprisingly, H3Ac and H4Ac are increased over the entire target gene locus, covering over 30kb of chromatin. This widespread chromatin remodeling is specific for the Wg regulated targets and we only observed peaks of acetylated histones around the transcription start site on the constitutively active genes. The widespread chromatin modification is not a result of transcription elongation, but does depend on the histone acetyltransferase CBP.
An Interactive Web Tool for Facilitating Shared Decision-Making in Dementia-Care Networks: A Field Study

Background An interactive web tool has been developed for facilitating shared decision-making in dementia-care networks. The DecideGuide provides a chat function for easier communication between network members, a deciding together function for step-by-step decision-making, and an individual opinion function for eight dementia-related life domains. The aim of this study was to gain insight in the user friendliness of the DecideGuide, user acceptance and satisfaction, and participants’ opinion of the DecideGuide for making decisions. Materials and methods A 5-month field study included four dementia-care networks (19 participants in total). The data derived from structured interviews, observations, and information that participants logged in the DecideGuide. Structured interviews took place at the start, middle, and end of the field study with people with dementia, informal caregivers, and case managers. Four observations of case managers’ home visits focused on members’ responses and use of the tool. Results (1) The user friendliness of the chat and individual opinion functions was adequate for case managers and most informal caregivers. Older participants, with or without dementia, had some difficulties using a tablet and the DecideGuide. The deciding together function does not yet provide adequate instructions for all. The user interface needs simplification. (2) User acceptance and satisfaction: everybody liked the chat’s easy communication, handling difficult issues for discussion, and the option of individual opinions. (3) The DecideGuide helped participants structure their thoughts. They felt more involved and shared more information about daily issues than they had done previously. Conclusion Participants found the DecideGuide valuable in decision-making. The chat function seems powerful in helping members engage with one another constructively. Such engagement is a prerequisite for making shared decisions. Regardless of participants’ use of the tool, they saw the DecideGuide’s added value.
The Role of HIF-1alpha in Regional Lymph Nodes Metastasis in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma has high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide, in which over 90% are adenocarcinoma. Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most cancer that metastasize to the lymph node. Angiogenesis have an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. Hypoxia is the trigger factor for angiogenesis. Hypoxia induced factor-1 (HIF-1) is one critical protein directly reacting to hypoxia. HIF-1alpha, a HIF-1 subunit, is an important regulator of angiogenesis. This study analyzed HIF-1a expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma with and without regional lymph node metastasis. This study was to prove that HIF-1a has a role in regional lymph node metastasis in colorectal adenocarcinoma. An analytical observational study was conducted on thirty formalin fixed paraffin-embedded colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues from Anatomic Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Soetomo Hospital. Detection of HIF-1alpha expressions were performed with immunohistochemistry method, using HIF-1alpha antibody. It were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal- Wallis methods. There were no significant differences in the expression of HIF-1alpha in colorectal adenocarcinoma with or without lymph node (LN) metastasis (p>0.05). As a conclusion, this study showed that HIF-1alpha has no role in LN metastasis in colorectal adenocarcinoma.
T cell kinetics in HIV infected children

Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus, type 1 (HIV-1) is associated with a gradual progressive decline in the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes. Effective treatment suppresses viral replication and is accompanied by a concomitant increase in the number of CD4+ T cells. Immune reconstitution of CD4+ T cells in children following treatment is characterised by a sustained increase of naive cells, a pattern that differs from that seen in adults. The aim of this thesis was to explore how these changes occur. CD4+ T cells in blood samples from HIV-1 infected children were identified, divided into sub-populations and analysed for apoptosis, proliferation, activation and differentiation by flow cytometry. Four CD4+ T cell sub-populations, with varying contributions to the total CD4+ T cell pool were thus identified: (i) recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) made up the largest population yet maintained very low levels of proliferation despite increased viral replication and cellular activation, and were consistently greater in children with undetectable viraemia; (ii) central naive cells, which were fairly constant in HIV-1 infected children of all ages regardless of CD4 count; (iii) CD31- memory cells that increased as CD4 count fell and (iv) CD31+ memory cells that despite their high level of activation and proliferation remained a small population across age, viral load and CD4 count. Treatment interruption and the resulting increased viraemia and decreased CD4 count were associated with only transient changes to the percentage contribution of each subset, which supports the existence of a setpoint for each subpopulation. This thesis infers the importance of thymic output in maintaining the CD4 count and hence the potential for using RTEs in monitoring response to treatment and sheds light on the role and origin of CD31+ memory cells as a small but highly activated population that may be important in disease pathogenesis.
Spatial patterns of habitat use by white clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) on the River Wansbeck

The white clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) is a freshwater crustacean at imminent risk of extinction, largely due to the introduction of American signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) to Britain. With the purpose of determining how white clawed crayfish respond to habitat and spatial variables, this study correlated white clawed crayfish distribution over a 35 km length of the River Wansbeck, Northumberland, to physical variables at three-spatial scales. White clawed crayfish were present throughout the study area at an average density of 5.3 individuals per square metre. The realised niche of white clawed crayfish was very broad; the only available areas crayfish could not make use of were those with microhabitat scale D50 smaller than 8 mm. Within their wide realised niche, crayfish showed significant responses to habitat. The strongest response was to grain size, with crayfish preferentially selecting cobbles as refuges. Distance downstream and lateral distance did not influence distribution or density of white clawed crayfish but crayfish were more abundant in the upstream half of the study area, reflecting the higher availability of favourable habitat in low order streams. Patchiness in distribution was only evident at the sub-metre scale, suggesting crayfish are only directly responding to microhabitat scale heterogeneity. Habitat based conservation actions should be conducted at this scale. However, habitat variables operating at the kilometre section and site scale (100 m) influenced the suitability of microhabitats. The abundant, dense population of white clawed crayfish on the River Wansbeck makes it a site of international importance. It is therefore recommended for designation as a Special Area of Conservation.
Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in food‐producing animals. Part I: Cattle and swine

Abstract Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for chemicals in food animals are a useful tool in estimating chemical tissue residues and withdrawal intervals. Physiological parameters such as organ weights and blood flows are an important component of a PBPK model. The objective of this study was to compile PBPK‐related physiological parameter data in food animals, including cattle and swine. Comprehensive literature searches were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest. Relevant literature was reviewed and tables of relevant parameters such as relative organ weights (% of body weight) and relative blood flows (% of cardiac output) were compiled for different production classes of cattle and swine. The mean and standard deviation of each parameter were calculated to characterize their variability and uncertainty and to allow investigators to conduct population PBPK analysis via Monte Carlo simulations. Regression equations using weight or age were created for parameters having sufficient data. These compiled data provide a comprehensive physiological parameter database for developing PBPK models of chemicals in cattle and swine to support animal‐derived food safety assessment. This work also provides a basis to compile data in other food animal species, including goats, sheep, chickens, and turkeys.
CT imaging of one extended family cluster of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) including adolescent patients and "silent infection".

Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020;10(3):800-804 | http://dx.doi. org/10.21037/qims.2020. 02.13 The emergence and spread of a novel coronavirus from Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China, has become a global health concern (1). On 30th January 2020, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared to be a global health emergency by the World Health Organization. Since the detection of the coronavirus in late December 2019, COVID-19 has spread beyond to all provinces in China and into 19 countries overseas (2,3). We describe the CT images of one extended family cluster of COVID-19, with mainly asymptomatic patients or patients with only mild symptoms and negative CT findings.
Redescriptions of four species of Otobothrium Linton, 1890 (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha), including new records from Australia, New Caledonia and Malaysia, with the description of O. parvum n. sp.

Redescriptions are provided of Otobothrium carcharidis (Shipley & Hornell, 1906), O. crenacolle Linton, 1890, O. curtum (Linton, 1909) and O. propecysticum Dollfus, 1969 based on the type specimens and new material collected from elasmobranch hosts from Australia, Malaysia and New Caledonia. All are considered to be valid species. A neotype has been designated for O. crenacolle. A new species, O. parvum, is described from the spiral valve of Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856) and Triaenodon obesus (Ruppell, 1837) from New Caledonia. Otobothrium minutum Subhapradha, 1955 is considered to be a valid but poorly described species, being differentiated on the basis of a lack of testes posterior to the ovary. Otobothrium cysticum (Meyer, 1842) is considered a species inquirenda. The presence of an hermaphroditic sac is a new character for the genus while O. curtum lacks bothrial pits, a characteristic found in all congeners examined. The species described or redescribed here can be distinguished based on the number of segments and the number and distribution of testes, in addition to the features of the scolex. Otobothrium crenacolle is readily distinguished by its larger bothrial pits. The metabasal armature begins on either the bothrial or internal surface of the tentacle depending upon the species.
Prediction for Progression Risk in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: the CALL Score

Abstract Background We aimed to clarify the high-risk factors with multivariate analysis and establish a prediction of disease progression, so as to help clinicians to better choose therapeutic strategy. Methods All the consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to Fuyang second people’s hospital or the fifth medical center of Chinese PLA general hospital between January 20 and February 22, 2020, were enrolled and their clinical data were retrospectively collected. Multivariate COX regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with progression, and then were incorporated into the nomogram to establish a novel prediction scoring model. ROC was used to assess the performance of the novel model. Results Overall, 208 patients were divided into stable group (n=168, 80.8%) and progressive group (n=40,19.2%) based on whether their conditions worsened during the hospitalization Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that comorbidity, older age, lower lymphocyte and higher lactate dehydrogenase at presentation were independent high-risk factors for COVID-19 progression. Incorporating these 4 factors, the nomogram achieved good concordance indexes of 0.86 (95%CI 0.81 - 0.91), and had well-fitted calibration curves. A novel scoring model, named as CALL, was established, and its area under ROC was 0.91 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.94). Using a cutoff value of 6 points, the positive and negative predictive values were 50.7% (38.9% - 62.4%) and 98.5% (94.7% - 99.8%), respectively. Conclusion Using the CALL score model, clinicians can improve the therapeutic effect and reduce the mortality of COVID-19 with more accurate and reasonable resolutions on medical resources.
The biology of immunoglobulin free light chains in kidney disease: a study of Monoclonal and Polyclonal light chains

Monoclonal immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) cause a range of disorders in the kidney. In multiple myeloma, FLCs can activate the proximal tubule to release MCP-1, an important cytokine in renal fibrosis. Distal tubular cast formation can also occur when FLCs co-precipitate with uromodulin. However a pathogenic role for the elevated polyclonal FLC concentrations seen in chronic kidney disease has not been assessed to date. This thesis explores the biology of monoclonal FLCs as well as polyclonal FLCs. Detailed histological analyses demonstrated that in multiple myeloma, interstitial fibrosis can progress rapidly in situ and indicated that intratubular cast numbers might be linked to potential for renal recovery. The functional basis of this fibrosis was explored by in vitro studies, which showed that upon endocytosis of FLCs, oxidative stress activated redox signalling, resulting in MCP-1 production. Further in situ analyses showed that in chronic kidney disease, polyclonal FLCs co-localised with uromodulin in distal tubular casts. Relationships between these casts and markers of progression of chronic kidney disease were demonstrated. In vitro analyses then showed that polyclonal FLCs bind to uromodulin and promote aggregation. These findings: (i) further delineate the pathways for proximal tubular injury in myeloma and (ii) indicate a potential pathogenic role for polyclonal FLCs in the distal nephron.
Doses e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura na cultura do painço (Panicum miliaceum L.)

A cultura do painco e uma opcao interessante tanto para a formacao de palha para cobertura do solo como para a producao de graos, pelo seu rapido crescimento, tolerância a seca e ciclo curto. No entanto, sao escassas as informacoes sobre o manejo da adubacao nitrogenada para essa cultura. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar o efeito de doses e epocas de aplicacao de nitrogenio em cobertura nas caracteristicas agronomicas e produtividade de graos do painco. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4x2, constituido pela combinacao de quatro doses (0, 30, 60 e 120 kg ha-1 de N) e duas epocas de aplicacao (14 e 28 dias apos a emergencia - DAE) do fertilizante nitrogenado (ureia) em cobertura, com quatro repeticoes. A adubacao nitrogenada em cobertura promoveu aumento na altura da planta, comprimento da panicula e produtividade de graos da cultura do painco, independentemente da epoca de aplicacao. O numero de graos por panicula foi incrementado pela adubacao nitrogenada apenas com a aplicacao que foi realizada aos 14 DAE. A aplicacao de N em cobertura, aos 14 dias apos a emergencia, proporcionou acrescimos nas caracteristicas agronomicas, ate a dose de 120 kg ha-1 (maior dose), acarretando aumento da produtividade de graos do painco.