Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial patterns and time distribution of central European extreme precipitation events between 1961 and 2013

Precipitation extremes always have an area‐related effect, emphasizing the need for a spatial assessment of extreme precipitation events that sometimes show similar behaviour in precipitation patterns due to recurring synoptic features. Our study investigates spatial patterns in the extreme precipitation events (EPEs) that occurred in central Europe between 1961 and 2013. As many as 53 maximum events were selected by the weather extremity index (WEI), reflecting simultaneously the spatial extent and the return periods of t day precipitation totals within an event‐adjusted study area. The extremity of the EPEs is further evaluated at two lower spatial levels, the main river basins (the Rhine, Weser/Ems, Elbe, Danube, and Oder) and 20 smaller subcatchments, which enables a more detailed study of the events’ spatial structure and similarity. A correlation analysis demonstrated that heavy precipitation occurs simultaneously not only in neighbouring subcatchments but also in rather distant regions with similar orientations of mountain ranges (e.g., in the Elbe‐a and Danube‐b subcatchments). In contrast, strong negative correlations appeared between several subcatchments in the Oder and Rhine River basins, which exclude heavy precipitation from occurring simultaneously in both basins. Similar spatial patterns are obvious among precipitation extremes; using the relative WEI values as the similarity measure, agglomerative hierarchical clustering detected two well‐separated groups of events, namely, W‐CE and E‐CE, affecting mainly the western and eastern parts of central Europe, respectively. A finer division of the EPEs distinguished five clusters of events with different spatio‐temporal characteristics. Only two clusters, ED (Elbe‐Danube) and O (Oder), were represented among the top 10 central European EPEs, which occurred exclusively from the end of May to the beginning of September. Three other clusters consisted of generally lower extreme events rather equally distributed throughout the year.
The Effect of Nuclear Accidents on Land Prices: Evidence from Fukushima-Daiichi in Japan

This paper analyzes the effects of the Fukushima-Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident on land prices in Japan. The nuclear accident, precipitated by a March 11, 2011 earthquake and accompanying tsunami, released radioactive material that caused unprecedented damage to infrastructure and long-lasting effects on economic activities thoughout the region which, according to our estimates, has approached 15 billion dollars in damages in the residential areas of Fukushima prefecture alone. In this paper, we focus on the long-term effects of the nuclear disaster on land prices, analyzing not only the effect on prices in the immediate vicinity of the accident, but also on land prices in other areas of Japan far from Fukushima but within 60 km of a nuclear power plant. We found that in commercial areas less than 30 km from a nuclear power plant, the accident had a negative effect on land prices, but in residential areas between 40 km and 50 km from the nearest nuclear power plant, land prices increased after the earthquake. We also found an in-migration to some cities in these regions from those moving from Fukushima prefecture.
Establishing the character and share of changes in nutrients during the production of bread with the addition of dog rose syrup

In the daily diet, bread is an excellent carrier of nutrients to replenish the body. In this direction, as an additive, dog rose syrup (DRS) can be indispensable for the production of a wide range of bakery products. One of the factors limiting the widespread use of DRS in baking production is the insufficient knowledge of its biological value and changes in the share of nutrients in the technological process. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to analyze the nutritional value, vitamin and mineral composition of wheat flour “Azamatli-95” of the first grade (A95WF), DRS from the variety “R.canina”, and bread with the addition of DRS. It was found that with the addition of 5, 10 and 15 % DRS to A95WF in bread samples, the content in g/100 g significantly increases: glucose (0.09±0.05), fructose (0.15±0.08), sucrose (0.02±0.01) and phenolic compounds (0.38±0.1); in mg/100 g: beta-carotene (0.152±0.076), vitamin C (33.6±16.3), potassium (40.07±20.03), magnesium (36.49±18.25), phosphorus (20.94±10.47); in µg/100 g: iron (128.86±64.43) and zinc (18.95±9.47) and the content in g/100 g slightly increases: starch, proteins and raffinose (0.01±0.01), cellulose (0.04±0.02), pectin substances (0.03±0.01); in mg/100 g: thiamine (0.006±0.003), riboflavin (0.013±0.006), niacin (0.015±0.008), calcium (5.39±2.7), sodium (1.25±0.62), sulfur (5.99±2.99); in µg/100 g: iodine (0.42±0.21), cobalt (0.62±0.31) with deviation from the best bread with the addition of 10 % DRS to A95WF. The resulting regression equations (АЕ<7 %) make it possible to predict and establish a relationship between the shares of changes in significantly changing nutrients, vitamins and minerals in the technological process and the increase in their content in bread
Correlation between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To figure out correlation between neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio in rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship with the disease severity. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: Department of Rheumatology Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Period: July 1st to December 31st, 2021. Material & Methods: Study population included rheumatoid arthritis patients fulfilling American college for rheumatology criteria. On the basis of disease activity score-28 (DAS-28), the subjects were categorised into active and remission groups. The control group consisted of healthy age and gender matched subjects. Relationship between neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio with disease activity was analyzed. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: 140 patients with RA were evaluated along with 70 healthy control subjects. NLR was higher in active RA (1.99±0.84) as compared to RA with remission (1.76±0.41) and controls (1.77±0.79). p value<0.05 was obtained which was statistically significant. NLR is significantly correlated with CDAI and SDAI (r=0.24, p=0.04 each). CRP and ESR were also significantly higher in active RA patients compared to those in remission (p<0.005 and p<0.00 respectively) and control group. Conclusion: The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is a measure derived from a simple blood test. An elevated NLR is often considered an indicator of systemic inflammation. High NLR values may suggest increased inflammation and immune system activation, which are key features of RA. NLR may serve as a less expensive and easily accessible marker to detect inflammation in RA. It can be utilized in future as disease assessment tool.
Normal distribution of H3K9me3 occupancy co-mediated by histone methyltransferase BcDIM5 and histone deacetylase BcHda1 maintains stable ABA synthesis in Botrytis cinerea TB-31

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a conserved and important “sesquiterpene signaling molecule” widely distributed in different organisms with unique biological functions. ABA coordinates reciprocity and competition between microorganisms and their hosts. In addition, ABA also regulates immune and stress responses in plants and animals. Therefore, ABA has a wide range of applications in agriculture, medicine and related fields. The plant pathogenic ascomycete B. cinerea has been extensively studied as a model strain for ABA production. Nevertheless, there is a relative dearth of research regarding the regulatory mechanism governing ABA biosynthesis in B. cinerea. Here, we discovered that H3K9 methyltransferase BcDIM5 is physically associated with the H3K14 deacetylase BcHda1. Deletion of Bcdim5 and Bchda1 in the high ABA-producing B. cinerea TB-31 led to severe impairment of ABA synthesis. The combined analysis of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq has revealed that the absence of BcDIM5 and BcHda1 has resulted in significant global deficiencies in the normal distribution and level of H3K9me3 modification. In addition, we found that the cause of the decreased ABA production in the ΔBcdim5 and ΔBchda1 mutants was due to cluster gene repression caused by the emergence of hyper-H3K9me3 in the ABA gene cluster. We concluded that the ABA gene cluster is co-regulated by BcDIM5 and BcHda1, which are essential for the normal distribution of the B. cinerea TB-31 ABA gene cluster H3K9me3. This work expands our understanding of the complex regulatory network of ABA biosynthesis and provides a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of high-yielding ABA strains.
International Remittances and Income Inequality: An Empirical Investigation

Using several cross-sectional and panel data methodologies, this paper provides evidence of the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between international remittances and income inequality in a cross section of 78 countries. Our analysis supports previous theoretical work that describes how, at the first stages of migration history, there is an inequality-increasing effect of remittances on income inequality. Then, as the opportunity cost of migrating decreases due to this effect, remittances tends to lower inequality. We also show how education and the development of the financial sector can help countries reach faster the inequality-decreasing section of the curve.
Assessment of rainfall bias correction techniques for improved hydrological simulation

Eight rainfall bias correction techniques were compared over the Chindwin River basin in Myanmar to improve hydrological simulation at multiple timescales using two approaches, viz. monthly and annual. The techniques included linear scaling, parametric quantile mapping using linear, scale, power and exponential assymptotic transfer functions and nonparametric quantile mapping using empirical, robust regression and smoothing splines interpolation methods. Three global climate models (GCMs), wet, near‐normal and dry in nature to estimate mean rainfall at the country and the basin scales were selected from a set of 13 GCMs. The rainfall bias correction factors for each GCM were generated from the control period 1981–1999 and verified over 2000–2005.
SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, and Society) Based Disaster Learning on Elementary School Students' Disaster Literacy and Resilience

This research is motivated by students' literacy and resilience to disasters, which are still relatively low. This study aims to analyze the impact of the SETS-based disaster learning model on disaster literacy and resilience of grade V elementary school students. The method used in this research is a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group design. Literacy and resilience were collected by giving fifth-grade elementary school students questionnaires. The subjects involved consisted of 2 experimental classes totaling 74 students and 2 control classes totaling 88 students. The data collection technique used the questionnaire method, with the instrument tested for validation and instrument reliability. The data collection is the questionnaire method, with instruments tested for validation and reliability. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis tests, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis testing, namely, the multivariate analysis of variance (Manova). The results showed that there was a significant difference in disaster literacy and resilience between students who studied using the SETS-based disaster learning model and students who studied with conventional learning models, so it can be concluded that the SETS-based disaster learning model has a positive impact on disaster literacy and resilience of grade fifth elementary school students.
Can LED Lighting Be a Sustainable Solution for Producing Nutritionally Valuable Microgreens?

With its quality, intensity, and photoperiod, light is a decisive abiotic factor that directly influences plant biomass and the accumulation of specialized metabolites (SMs). Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) has significant effects on primary and secondary plant metabolism and thus influences the morphological characteristics of plants and their antioxidant systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of blue, red, and a 50:50 combination of blue and red LED lighting on the SM content in broccoli, mustard, and garden cress microgreens grown in an indoor farm using the zero-acreage farming technique (ZFarming). This research aims to provide valuable insights into the optimization of light spectra to improve the nutritional quality of microgreens, with a focus on sustainable and space-saving cultivation methods. After eight days, the samples were cut in the cotyledon phenophase and analyzed in a fresh state. The microgreens grown under the blue spectrum LED lighting had the highest content of ascorbic acid (112.70 mg·100 g fw−1), total phenolics (412.39 mg GAE·100 g fw−1), and the highest antioxidant capacity (2443.62 µmol TE·L−1). The results show that the highest content of SMs in all the studied microgreens species was accumulated under the blue spectrum LED lighting. This study underlines the favorable influence of the blue spectrum (400–500 nm) on the nutrient content, especially the enhancement of SMs, in the microgreens investigated. Furthermore, the use of supplemental LED lighting proves to be a sustainable and effective means of producing microgreens with superior nutritional properties through the innovative practice of the zero-acreage farming technique.
Flyover Crustal Structures Beneath the Qinling Orogenic Belt and Its Tectonic Implications

Determining high‐resolution three‐dimensional (3‐D) crustal structures of the Qinling Orogenic Belt (QOB) can reveal significant evidences to enhance our understanding of its tectonic evolution. By jointly inverting group and phase velocity dispersion curves, we obtain a high‐resolution 3‐D shear wave velocity model for the QOB. According to the obviously layered features, which include an E‐W trending high‐velocity structure in the upper crust (0–10 km), a transitional zone in the middle crust (10–30 km), and an approximately N‐S trending low‐velocity zone in the middle‐lower crust (20–40 km), we elucidate the crustal structure as a flyover model to explain how the crust beneath the QOB was deformed under the perpendicular force systems from the NE‐SW and E‐W directions during the Meso‐Cenozoic. First, the apparent NE‐SW trending low‐velocity zone in the middle‐lower crust indicates that the low‐viscosity crustal materials beneath the northeastern Tibetan Plateau did not flow eastward into the eastern Qinling terrane during the Cenozoic. Second, the extension in the northern Qinling Mountains and Weihe Basin was not largely affected by the lateral crustal growth of the NE Tibetan Plateau, which might be the result of deep mantle upwelling and/or residual effects from the subduction of the western Pacific plate. Third, during the Mesozoic, the high‐velocity structures beneath the Hannan‐Micang and Shennongjia‐Huangling domes served as anchors resisting the northward subduction, rotation, and continuous collision of the Yangtze Block. The eastward extruding Hannan‐Micang dome served as an indenter that eventually shaped the present‐day asymmetric style of the Dabashan Orocline during the Cenozoic.
Associations Between Repetitive Negative Thinking and Objective and Subjective Sleep Health in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults

Objective Poor sleep and high levels of repetitive negative thinking (RNT), including future-directed (ie, worry) and past-directed (ie, brooding) negative thoughts, have been associated with markers of dementia risk. The relationship between RNT and sleep health in older adults is unknown. This study aimed to investigate this association and its specificities including multiple dimensions of objective and subjective sleep. Methods This study used a cross sectional quantitative design with baseline data from 127 cognitively healthy older adults (mean age 69.4 ± 3.8 years; 63% female) who took part in the Age-Well clinical trial, France. RNT (ie, worry and brooding) levels were measured using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and the Rumination Response Scale (brooding subscale). Polysomnography was used to assess sleep objectively, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the St. Mary’s Hospital Sleep Questionnaire were used to measure sleep subjectively. In primary analyses the associations between RNT and sleep (ie, objective sleep duration, fragmentation and efficiency and subjective sleep disturbance) were assessed via adjusted regressions. Results Higher levels of RNT were associated with poorer objective sleep efficiency (worry: β=−0.32, p<0.001; brooding: β=−0.26, p=0.002), but not objective sleep duration, fragmentation, or subjective sleep disturbance. Additional analyses, however, revealed differences in levels of worry between those with short, compared with typical and long objective sleep durations (p < 0.05). Conclusion In cognitively healthy older adults, RNT was associated with sleep characteristics that have been implicated in increased dementia risk. It will take additional research to ascertain the causal link between RNT and sleep characteristics and how they ultimately relate to the risk of developing dementia.
Microcredit Impact Assessment: The Brazilian and Chilean Cases

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of micro-entrepreneurs income on two Brazilian and Chilean microcredit programs. Drawing on two unique sources of data, control groups are built using the propensity score to match beneficiaries of micro-credit programs with non-beneficiaries with similar characteristics. Using propensity score and matching techniques, the authors compare the average income of individuals that received microcredit to that of control groups, formed by people with similar characteristics. The results for the Brazilian data show a high positive impact of the microcredit programs, especially for those associated with banks. In the Chilean case the evidence is weaker for bank-based programs and NGO based programs appear to have no positive impact at all.
The tectonic evolution of the Eastern Limassol Forest Complex, Cyprus

The Eastern Limassol Forest Complex (ELFC) lies at the southern margin of the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus, and preserves a Penrose-type stratigraphy with a 4km-thick crustal sequence. The ELFC is separated from the main part of the Troodos Massif by an east-west trending fault zone, the Arakapas Fault Belt, which earlier studies suggest formed the northern wall of an oceanic transform fault. Transform-related structures are identifiable in the northern part of the ELFC, and volcaniclastic turbiditic sediments intercalated with lava flows attest to the existence of a bathymetric depression coincident with the fault zone. A southern boundary to the transform fault zone is recognised within the ELFC, with the abrupt disappearance of interlava sediments and E-W trending structures. Crust to the south of the boundary was generated at an 'Anti-Troodos' ridge axis. A width of c.5km is implied for the transform. The accretionary geometry of the ELFC has been extensively modified by postvolcanic tectonism. Sustained extension oblique to the trend of the transform has resulted in the reactivation of transform-related structures as normal faults, which have been rotated 'falling domino' style, together with the greater part of the axis sequence crust, above a decollement horizon located near to the petrological Moho. Extensional strain was preferentially accommodated in the transform-tectonised north of the ELFC. In the south, NW-striking normal faults are more steeply dipping, and block tilting is less extreme. Mesostructural data suggest that these normal faults have been reactivated as oblique dextral strike-slip faults and, with subsidiary NE-trending structures, are responsible for clockwise block rotations about steeply plunging axes. The timing of the deformation is constrained with respect to the overlying pelagic sediments, which suggest that the extension continued from the Turonian (i.e. almost immediately after ophiolite formation) to the late Campanian, and that the strike-slip reactivation occurred in late Campanian to early Maastrictian times. Palaeomagnetic studies have shown that Cyprus experienced a 90· anticlockwise rotation, which commenced in the Campanian-Maastrichtian interval, and it is argued that the late dextral strike-slip movements in the southern ELFC reflect deformation close to the margin of the rotating Cyprus microplate. The extensional reactivation of the transform in the Turonian-Campanian may correspond to an anticlockwise torque applied to the Troodos ocean floor prior to actual rotation. The rotation of Cyprus is thought to have been a consequence of the collision of the Arabian continental promontory to the east with an intra-oceanic subduction zone (above which Troodos was created) in the Upper Cretaceous.
The Influence of the Phase Arrangement of ATZ Composites on Their Wear Rate Under Ball-on-Disc Tests

An alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) material, fabricated using a procedure consisting of the common sintering of two different zirconia powders, was tested using the ball-on-disc method in a temperature range between 20 and 400 °C. Tetragonal zirconia balls were used as a counterpart. Three different types of microstructure were designed, one consisting in separated alumina inclusions in zirconia matrix, the second one containing alumina inclusion in the amount close to the percolation point and another one which was a combination of two continuous phases, penetrating the whole volume of the composite. It was detected that at elevated temperatures all materials showed distinct decrease of measured wear rate. Composite with a low alumina content showed minimal wear rate at 300 °C and composites with higher amount of alumina were the most wear resistant at 400 °C. There are some evidences that this minimal wear rate is connected with a pseudoplastic behavior of a layer formed between co operating elements of tribological pair.