Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure characterization of platinum/alumina, rhenium/alumina, and platinum-rhenium/alumina catalysts

Abstract The structures of Pt, Re, and Pt-Re catalysts supported on alumina containing 0.14 wt% titania were studied in the stages of impregnation, calcination, and reduction by UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and carbon monoxide and hydrogen adsorption measurements. Both platinum and rhenium species interacted strongly with the support after calcination. It is suggested that the platinum species interacts more strongly with titania than with alumina, while the converse is true with the rhenium species. A Pt 3 Ti alloy was found in both the reduced Pt/Al 2 O 3 and reduced Pt-Re/A1 2 O 3 catalysts. An Al(ReO 4 ) 3 complex was found in the Re/A1 2 O 3 catalyst which was reduced at 480°C. Pt(0), Re(0), and Pt 3 Ti coexist in the reduced Pt-Re/A1 2 O 3 catalyst and the surface concentration of Re(0) increases with the Re/Pt ratio. Hydrogen adsorption at a high temperature increases with increasing Re/Pt ratio. It is possible that this kind of hydrogen is responsible for the higher stability of the catalyst with a high Re/Pt ratio.
Adsorption isotherms for dilute solutions via the mean force method

The adsorption of solutes from a dilute liquid solution is of great technical importance but calculations of the local density of the solute and of the adsorption isotherm by standard molecular simulation yield large scattering with increasing dilution. As alternative the mean force (MF) method was suggested where the MF on a constrained solute molecule is integrated over a path from the bulk fluid to the wall. It has already been shown that the MF method gives reliable results for the relative local density, even at high dilution. Here, an extension of this method is introduced, where the absolute value of the bulk density is determined by particle balance. Thus, it is possible to calculate adsorption isotherms from the Henry regime to any finite concentration. Molecular dynamics simulations for the local density and the adsorption isotherm were performed for a model solution consisting of tetrahedral Lennard–Jones (LJ) solvent and linear LJ solute molecules in contact with a plane wall. It is found that the MF-results show less scattering than the results from standard simulations. Moreover, results for the orientation and the selectivity are given.
The Gum Arabic in the southern region of Morocco

Gum arabic (GA) of the Marocco is a branched-chain, complex polysaccharide, either neutral or slightly acidic, found as a mixed calcium, magnesium and potassium salt of a polysaccharide acid. The backbone is composed of 1,3-linked β - D- galactopyranosyl units. The side chains are composed of two to five 1,3- linked b- D- galactopyranosyl units, joined to the main chain by 1, 6- linkages. Gum acacia (GA) is used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries as an emulsifier and stabilizer, and in some countries in the traditional treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Different brands of GA are commercially available, but their comparative efficacy against adenine-induced CKD is unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine the ecologic characteristics who assured the Acacia gum in the area of Morocco, its development and reproduction in an arid environment, as in our area
The Slow Molecular Mobility in Semicrystalline Poly(Ethylene Oxide)

The thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) technique has been used to study the slow molecular mobility in the amorphous part of the semicrystalline polymer, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Experiments were carried out in the temperature range that includes the glassy state, the glass transformation region and the rubber state. The dipole moments in the polymeric main chain originated a broad and low intensity secondary relaxation in the temperature region from −130°C up to the glass transition region; the activation energy of the motional modes of this secondary relaxation was in the range between 35 and 100 kJ mol−1. The glass transition temperature of the PEO, provided by the TSDC technique, was Tg = −53°C, and the fragility index was found to be m = 43. A strong relaxation above Tg was observed, whose molecular origin was discussed. The thermal behavior of the PEO was also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry.
Influence of bicarbonate level on iron-chlorosis development and nutrient uptake of the peach rootstock Montclar

Abstract The peach rootstock Montclar [Prunus persica (Batsch) L. ] was grown in sand culture supplied with half‐strength nutrient Hoagland No. 1 solution with 10 μM FeEDDHA at seven bicarbonate (HCO3‐) levels: 0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mM. Montclar developed chlorosis only at HCO3‐ levels ≥ 10 mM. Above this level, chlorosis increased as HCO3‐ level was increased. When HCO3‐level increased, the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn decreased; the concentrations of N, P, Ca, and Fe in the new branch growth decreased, but that of Mg and Mn did not change. The partitioning of N, P, Ca, Mg, and Fe to the new branch growth decreased, while the partitioning of K and Mn did not change. The partioning of Fe to the new branch growth decreased more than the partitioning of the other nutrients when the HCO3‐ levels were higher than 10 mM. At low HCO3‐ levels (< 10 mM), active‐Fe content decreased with increasing HCO3 − level, even though no chlorosis was observed. The correlation between chlorosis and Fe concent.
Mesomorphic properties of a bent-shaped liquid crystalline monomer

We have prepared a new bent-shaped monomer designed for main chain liquid crystalline polymers. The mesomorphic behaviour of the monomer was fully characterized by DSC, polarizing optical microscopy and electro-optical measurements. Based on X-ray analysis of the monomer, its structural properties were established and a possible molecular arrangement in the mesophases is proposed. A direct comparison of the material shows that an introduction of an isolated double bond can slightly modify the mesomorphic properties of the liquid crystalline monomer in comparison with the alkyl-chain analogous bent-shaped compound studied previously.
Post Harvest Losses Reduction of Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L) Stored in Natural Preservatives

Preservation practised in the food industry always involves the use of combination methods for achieving maximum effectiveness. Chemical preservatives are carcinogenic with high residual toxicity. Botanicals could therefore have advantages over synthetics as a cost effective and environmentally sustainable, alternative for protecting stored produce. The study assessed the nutritional and shelf life changes in wholesome Tomatoes ( L. esculentum ) stored in aqueous extracts of thyme ( Thymus vulgaris ), garlic ( Allium sativum ), ginger ( Zingiber officinale ), Eugenia clove ( Eugenia aromatica ) and salt. The mean values for the proximate analysis were Vitamin C 18.0±0.5 mg/100g, Total soluble solids 6.5 ±0.5, Total reducing sugar 2.45±0.01mg/100g, Total titratable acidity 0.99±0.05%, Soluble protein 2.5±0.06 and Ash content 0.30 % at the end of sixth month. Values of all parameters decreased throughout the storage period except titratable acidity. These parameters were monitored for a period of six months. All parameters analysed were significantly different (P≥ 0.05). The results for sensory evaluation were rated high for four months. The storage duration was six months for ambient and eight months for refrigerated experimental samples.
Depleção do fósforo inorgânico de diferentes frações provocada pela extração sucessiva com resina em diferentes solos e manejos

Available soil phosphorus is maintained by less labile form that, in the long term, can become available to the plants. The aim of this research was to determine the depletion of various inorganic phosphorus fractions after successive extraction with resin. Soil samples were collected in four long-term experiments under no tillage or conventional tillage systems with different crop sequence. The soils (heavy clay Rhodic Hapludox, clay Rhodic Hapludox and clay loam Rhodic Paleudult) were collected from three depths, 0-2.5, 2.5-7.5 and 7.5-17.5 cm. Inorganic phosphorus was fractioned by a modified Hedley technique before and after successive phosphorus extraction by membrane resin. The fraction of phosphorus extracted with 1.0 mol L-1 HCl is not labile. Those extracted with 0.5 mol L-1 NaHCO3 and 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH can be considered labile, regardless the soil type, method of cultivation and crop sequence. In the Oxisols, the inorganic phosphorus fraction extracted by 0.5 mol L-1 NaOH is also labile.
Synthesis and characterization and antibacterial activity of some new transition metal complexes with ciprofloxacin-imine

Some new transition metal complexes of ciprofloxacin-imine derived from ciprofloxacin and o-phenylenediamine were synthesized and characterized on the basis of melting point, magnetic moment, conductance measurements, elemental analysis, infrared, UV/Vis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectra as well as thermal analyses. The data indicate that the ligand acts as tetradentate chelate bound to the metal ions through the deprotonated carboxylate and the azomethine group. The ligand as well as their metal complexes was also evaluated for their antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and also, fungicidal activity aganist Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus were tested. It was found that the metal complexes are more antibacterial as compared to uncomplexes ligand and no antifungal activity observed for ligand and their complexes. Also, this study showed that the ciprofloxacin-imine is more antibacterial as compared to ciprofloxacin alone. KEY WORDS : Shiff base, Metal complexes, TG, IR, Mass spectra Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2015 , 29(2), 259-274 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.4314/bcse.v29i2. 9
Comparison of an oxalate-extraction methon and an infrared spectroscopic method for determining allophane in soll clays

Abstract The day fractions of nine New Zealand soils and an andesitic pumice, separated using minimal prctreatment, were examined by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and by dissolution in acid oxalate and pyrophosphate reapnts. Allophane, with an Al/Si ratio dose to 2/1, was prcsent in most samples and was estimated quantitatively for acid-oxalate extraction of Si and from the IR absorbance at 348 cm−1. These two methods pvc quantitative results wbich were in good agreement not only for clays formed from volcanic ash but also for clays lormed from basalt and clays formcd in podzolizcd soils. The hipt allopbane contents in the soil clays occurred in the cJays from the Mairoa Ash soil and from the Addison and One Tree Point podzolized soils.
Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Bean Sprout by Simultaneous Distillation Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE), Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are used to analyze the volatile flavor compounds of bean sprouts, which are fermented with composite strains of different compatibility . The results showed that bean sprouts fermented by compound bacteria AN1: AE produced maximum flavor compounds. The number of the flavor compounds is 22, of which 5 were alcohols, 11 were esters and 6 others. Combined with organoleptic investigation, compound bacteria AN1: AE were preliminarily picked up as the best fermentation strain of bean sprouts
Effects of Ozone and Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide on the Degradation of Model and Real Oil-Sands-Process-Affected-Water Naphthenic Acids

Naphthenic acids (NAs) are persistent compounds that contribute to the toxicity of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW). In this study, the effects of ozone and ozone/hydrogen peroxide on the NAs degradation in buffered water and OSPW were examined. Cyclohexanoic acid (CHA) was used as a model NAs compound in buffered water experiments at two different pHs, using radical scavengers. At pH 9, the addition of carbonate did not have any effect on CHA degradation. Additions of tert-butyl alcohol and tetranitromethane decreased the CHA degradation levels. For the OSPW experiments, degradation of acid-extractable fraction (AEF) and NAs was examined. Approximately 90% of AEF was oxidized in a semi-batch system. In a batch system, 99% of OSPW NAs were degraded. This study demonstrated that ozone and ozone/hydrogen peroxide could be suitable treatment processes for OSPW remediation.
Uranium behavior in a permanently anoxic fjord : microbial control ?

Uranium contamination of groundwaters resulting from U mining activities and the leakage of nuclear waste from storage facilities is a growing concern. In Framvern Fjord (southern Norway), dissolved [sup 238]U concentrations at the bacterial maximum layer (24 m), which is situated a few meters below the oxic-anoxic (i.e. oxygen-hydrogen sulfide) interface (18 m), are observed to be [approximately]60% lower than concentrations above and below this depth. Removal of U occurs well below the depth at which Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides are precipitated and under conditions inconsistent with abiological reduction of soluble U(VI) to particle-reactive U(IV). Our observations suggest that the microbial population in the anoxic waters near the O[sub 2]-H[sub 2]S interface in the fjord exerts an effective control on the aquatic biogeochemistry of U in this environment. 27 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Characterization of β‐ d‐glucosidase extracted from soil fractions

One way to study the state in which stabilized extracellular enzymes persist and are active in the soil is by extraction from the soil, with subsequent fractionation of enzyme–organomineral complexes and characterization of such complexes. In order to investigate the location and characteristics of soil β‐glucosidase, three soil fractions were obtained both from real (undisturbed) soil aggregates and from structural (dispersed in water and physically disrupted) aggregates using two different granulometric procedures. The β‐glucosidase activity of the fraction was then assayed. When the aggregates were dispersed, more than 73% of activity was in the soil microaggregates with diameters of less than 50 μm (SF50). These aggregates were associated with strongly humified organic matter. Solutions of diluted pyrophosphate at neutral pH liberated active β‐glucosidase from all fractions, although the efficacy of extraction varied according to the type of fraction. The SF50 fraction and aggregates of 2000–100 μm obtained by sieving (SF2000) showed the greatest β‐glucosidase activity (34.5 and 36.0%, respectively). Micro‐ and ultrafiltration of SF50 extracts increased the total β‐glucosidase activity, whereas these procedures, applied to the RF2000 fraction, decreased it. Humus–β‐glucosidase complexes in the SF50 fraction, between 0.45 μm and 105 nominal molecular weight limit ( nmwl) (SF50II) and < 105nmwl (SF50III) showed an optimum pH at 5.4, and in the SF50I fraction (> 0.45 μm) the optimum was 4.0. The stability of β‐glucosidase in the aggregates of the smallest size SF50II and SF50III decreased at acid pHs. The presence of two enzymes (or two forms of the same enzyme) catalysing the same reaction with different values of Michaelis constant and maximum velocity was observed in all but one of the β‐glucosidase complexes extracted and partially purified from the SF50 aggregates.
POLYMER BOUND PYRROLE COMPOUNDS–VI. PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MONOMERIC MODELS FOR POLYSTYRENE‐BOUND PORPHYRINS

Abstract— Several porphyrin esters used as models for polystyrene‐bound porphyrins have been prepared and their excited states have been studied by laser flash photolysis, IR phosphorescence of singlet molecular oxygen, O2(1Δg), and steady‐state fluorescence. The photophysical properties of the porphyrin esters in solution are affected by the presence of nitro group(s) in the chain. In this case, an important decrease in φf, φT and φδ (to ca 0.7–0.4 of the value for the parent dimethyl ester) is observed. This is mainly due to intramolecular electron‐transfer quenching [by the nitro group(s)] of the first excited singlet state of the porphyrin. The thermodynamic feasibility of this deactivation pathway has been confirmed polarographically. Quenching of the porphyrin triplet state and of O2(1Δg) by the nitro groups is negligible. The present conclusions explain also the results obtained previously for the photooxidation of bilirubin sensitized by the parent insoluble polystyrene‐bound porphyrins. In that case the photooxidation rates were correlated directly with the quantum yield of O2(1Δg) production by the sensitizer. The consequences of these results for the use of polystyrene‐bound porphyrins in sensitized photooxidation processes are discussed.
On the Nature of "Golgi Bodies" in Fixed Material

A great deal has been published in recent years upon cytoplasmic structures appearing in fixed material. Among them, those described as Golgi elements, bodies, apparatus and dictyosomes have, perhaps, received most attention. It is unfortunate that these, together with other structures, have been classed as “Cytoplasmic inclusions” (Gatenby, 1917-21, and others). This is a misleading term which obviously does not convey the meaning intended. The structures or bodies referred to are supposed to arise in the cytoplasm,, or, being credited with the power of multiplication and development, to be handed on in the cytoplasm from one cell generation to another. The Golgi apparatus is described as being “ of very wide distribution among the cells of higher animals, and is known in the Protozoa, • everywhere showing the same general characters ; and there is reason to believe that the same may be true of plant cells, though considerable doubt concerning this still exists. ” (Wilson, 1925.) The apparatus or elements may vary from a localised, network to scattered granules, curved rods, plates or ring-like bodies. The Golgi elements are soluble in acetic acid, and hence it has been assumed that they escaped the notice of earlier observers. No acetic acid, a very usual ingredient of fixatives, is used in the treatment of material in which Golgi elements are to be demonstrated. While chondriosomes, in suitably fixed preparations, darken in osmic acid (OsO4), the Golgi apparatus appears intensely black; hence the two are sometimes supposed to be chemically related. It is claimed that chondriosomes may be differentiated from Golgi bodies by washing the preparation that has been treated with osmic acid in turpentine, when the chondriosomes turn brown, the Golgi bodies remaining intensely black. (Gatenby, 1921.) The chondriosomes, after fixation, are not dependent for their demonstration upon reduction of the reagent used (e. g., OsO4 or AgNO3.), but will stain with certain aniline dyes. Hence it seems probable that there is a definite difference between them and the Golgi elements. [It seems likely that many of the structures produced by the OsO4 process and labelled chondriosomes are not the same as those demonstrated by other methods. ( April 12, 1927.)]
An experimental study of fluidized-bed coating : influence of operating conditions on growth rate and mechanism

This study investigates the influence of fluidizing gas velocity, atomizing air, and liquid flow rates, liquid concentration, initial bed mass, and particle size on the mechanism of growth of sand particles in a batch fluidized-bed coater. An aqueous solution of NaCl was used as the coating liquid and sprayed in the bed by means of a pneumatic atomizer. The results showed that for a given particle size, the fluidizing air velocity was the most important factor affecting the coating kinetics and stability. The dominant mechanism was the onion-ring layering, especially at excess gas velocities higher than 0.27 m/s. For a fixed value of the mass ratio of solute introduced in the bed to the initial particle mass, binder concentration, liquid flow rate, and the initial bed weight had no effect on the growth mechanism. The deposition quality was found to be affected by the droplet size. A decrease of droplet size resulting from increasing the atomizing air flow rate permitted homogenous coating of the solid surface.
Extraction and Characterization of Fibres from the Stalk and Spikelets of Empty Fruit Bunch

Fibres from different parts of empty fruit bunch, which is a major solid waste from oil palm processing, were subjected to different pretreatments and characterised for variability in length and diameter, mechanical performance, and proximate and trace element composition. Morphology and surface composition of the fibres were determined using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray. The fibres were further treated with KOH-boric acid and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Fibre yield was higher for spikelet than stalk. Fibres from stalk were generally larger in diameter and showed significant differences in potassium and galacturonic acid content, strength, and rigidity. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the widespread occurrence of silica bodies as well as significant differences in the microstructure of stalk and spikelet fibres. Stalk fibres showed a greater level of porosity than spikelet fibres in the section perpendicular to the major axis. The morphology of KOH-boric acid treated fibres suggested higher recalcitrance of spikelet fibres. The significant differences between fibres from stalk and spikelet suggest that EFB, used as feedstock for biobased industries, requires more systematic characterization and separation into stalk and spikelet, which may lead to a more judicious exploitation of this valuable waste.
Measurements of combustion dynamics with laser-based diagnostic techniques

Since the early days of gas turbine engines, combustion/flow instability inside the combustor has been an issue in many engines, but little has been understood as to how the dynamics of the system involved contribute to the instability. The primary objective of this work is to provide general experimental procedures and to validate methods for examining the dynamic behaviors of combustion systems, and to provide accurate measurements of the combustion dynamics for use as a foundation for further theoretical and numerical research. Knowledge of the fundamental dynamics of combustion systems is crucial in understanding and modeling the flame behavior and enabling the use of insights in design process and for creating robust active control of combustors. Since mixing plays significant roles in combustion processes, the dynamics of fuel/air mixing were studied. A non-premixed burner was examined with acoustic excitations at 22~55 Hz to assess the mixing and its relation to the thermo-acoustic coupling. Phase-resolved acetone-PLIF was used to image the mixing, and from this the unmixedness was calculated, which quantifies the degree of mixing. The results show that (1) the acoustic waves induce periodicity in the degree of mixing; (2) the way the unmixedness behaves coincides well with the behavior of the Rayleigh index, implying the degree of mixing is a major factor in determining the stability of the combustion system; (3) the two-dimensional measurements of temporal unmixedness effectively visualize the shear mixing zone. A second low-swirl premixed burner was studied to examine the impact of acoustic waves on the combustion dynamics. Measurements were performed with OH-PLIF, with acoustic forcing up to 400 Hz. Swirl burners at higher pressure are industry standard, and this study examined the dynamics at elevated combustor pressure. The results show that (1) the thermo-acoustic coupling seems to be closely coupled to the vortices generated at the flame boundary; (2) high magnitude of flame response coincides with the high absolute value of Rayleigh index; (3) the way the thermo-acoustic coupling is distributed over the space is highly dependent on the excitation frequencies; (4) high pressure suppresses the sensitivity of combustions system to outside disturbances.