Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Constituents and Allelopathic Potential of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in Comparison to Commercial Herbicides to Control Weeds

The allelopathic effect of various concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 50 and 100 g L−1) of Parthenium hysterophorus methanol extract on Cyperus iria was investigated under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. No seed germination was recorded in the laboratory when P. hysterophorus extract was applied at 50 g L−1. In the glasshouse, C. iria was mostly injured by P. hysterophorus extract at 100 g L−1. The phytochemical constituents of the methanol extract of P. hysterophorus were analyzed by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS=MS. The results indicated the presence of phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, amino acids, fatty acids, piperazines, benzofuran, indole, amines, azoles, sulfonic acid and other unknown compounds in P. hysterophorus methanol extract. A comparative study was also conducted between P. hysterophorus extract (20, 40 and 80 g L−1) with a synthetic herbicide (glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium at 2 L ha−1) as a positive control and no treatment (negative control) on Ageratum conyzoides, Oryza sativa and C. iria. The growth and biomass of test weeds were remarkably inhibited by P. hysterophorus extract. Nevertheless, no significant difference was obtained when P. hysterophorus extract (80 g L−1) and synthetic herbicides (glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium) were applied on A. conyzoides.
MSDESIS: Multi-task stereo disparity estimation and surgical instrument segmentation

Reconstructing the 3D geometry of the surgical site and detecting instruments within it are important tasks for surgical navigation systems and robotic surgery automation. Traditional approaches treat each problem in isolation and do not account for the intrinsic relationship between segmentation and stereo matching. In this paper, we present a learning-based framework that jointly estimates disparity and binary tool segmentation masks. The core component of our architecture is a shared feature encoder which allows strong interaction between the aforementioned tasks. Experimentally, we train two variants of our network with different capacities and explore different training schemes including both multi-task and single-task learning. Our results show that supervising the segmentation task improves our network’s disparity estimation accuracy. We demonstrate a domain adaptation scheme where we supervise the segmentation task with monocular data and achieve domain adaptation of the adjacent disparity task, reducing disparity End-Point-Error and depth mean absolute error by 77.73% and 61.73% respectively compared to the pre-trained baseline model. Our best overall multi-task model, trained with both disparity and segmentation data in subsequent phases, achieves 89.15% mean Intersection-over-Union in RIS and 3.18 millimetre depth mean absolute error in SCARED test sets. Our proposed multi-task architecture is real-time, able to process ( $1280\times 1024$ ) stereo input and simultaneously estimate disparity maps and segmentation masks at 22 frames per second. The model code and pre-trained models are made available: https://github.com/dimitrisPs/msdesis
COVID-19 Infections in Health Care Personnel by Source of Exposure and Correlation With Community Incidence

This study suggests that risk of exposure to COVID-19 in healthcare personnel approximates community risk levels, provides support for safety measures in the workplace and emphasizes the need for prevention in the community. Objective The aim of this study was to describe the rate of household, community, occupational, and travel-related COVID-19 infections among health care personnel (HCP). Methods In a retrospective cohort study of 3694 HCP with COVID-19 infections from July 5 to December 19, 2020, we analyzed infection source data and rates, compared with local and state infection rates, and performed a correlation analysis. Results Household (27.1%) and community (15.6%) exposures were the most common sources of infection. Occupational exposures accounted for 3.55% of HCP infections. Unattributable infections (no known exposure source) accounted for 53.1% and correlated with community rather than occupational exposure (R = 0.99 vs 0.78, P < 0.01). Conclusions COVID-19 infections in this large HCP cohort correlated closely with infection rates in the community. The low incidence of occupational infections supports the effectiveness of institutional infection prevention and control measures.
Prevalence of Leishmania RNA virus in Leishmania parasites in patients with tegumentary leishmaniasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by different protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Leishmania RNA virus (LRV) was identified as the first Leishmania infecting virus in 1998. Different studies showed the presence and role of the LRV in Leishmania parasites causing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). However, there is limited data on the pooled prevalence of LRV in Leishmania parasites causing CL. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the pooled prevalence of LRV in Leishmania parasite isolates and/or lesion biopsies in patients with CL from the available literature globally. Methodology We retrieved the studies from different electronic databases. The studies were screened and identified based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We excluded studies exclusively done in experimental animals and in vitro studies. The review was conducted in line with PRISMA guidelines. The meta-analysis was performed with Stata software version 14 with metan command. The forest plot with random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence interval. Inverse variance index (I2) was used to assess the heterogeneity among the included articles. Principal findings A total of 1215 samples from 25 studies were included. Of these, 40.1% (487/1215) were positive for LRV. The overall pooled prevalence of LRV globally was 37.22% (95% CI: 27.54% - 46.90%). The pooled prevalence of LRV in the New World (NW) and Old World (OW) regions was 34.18% and 45.77%, respectively. Leishmania guyanensis, L. braziliensis, L. major, and L. tropica were the most studied species for the detection of LRV. The prevalence of LRV from Leishmania isolates and lesion biopsies was 42.9% (349/813) and 34.3% (138/402), respectively. Conclusion This systematic study revealed that there is high prevalence of LRV in Leishmania parasites isolated from patients with CL. More comprehensive studies would be required to investigate the presence of the LRV in other Leishmania species such as L. aethiopica to fully understand the role of LRV in different clinical manifestations and disease pathology presented in CL patients.
Virtual recruitment and participant engagement for substance use research during a pandemic

Purpose of review The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic resulted in cataclysmic changes to the research enterprise, causing a forced shutdown or rapid pivot to virtual methods. Adapting studies to the virtual environment also impacted recruitment and retention strategies. This review elucidated challenges and offered pragmatic recommendations, drawing on published literature and our prior work, to assist researchers in re-evaluating and amending best-practice techniques to bolster inclusive recruitment and study engagement of people using substances, particularly for virtual interviews or focus groups. Recent findings Ameliorating recruitment strategies and research protocols to better fit virtual methods of recruitment and study administration required careful consideration of ethical and logistical implications. Many procedures to increase enrollment of underrepresented populations, such as building mutually beneficial and respectful community partnerships, recruiting via social media, or providing ambulatory research centers, existed prior to this specific pandemic. However, unprecedented disruptions in resources needed to participate in virtual interviews or focus groups, privacy concerns, and possible deteriorating trust in research necessitated continued adaptation and expansion of these strategies. Summary Building upon prepandemic, community-engaged strategies may continue to facilitate diverse recruitment efforts and advance science productivity in the substance use and addiction field during the pandemic and thereafter.
Dynamics of attachment and emotion regulation in daily life: uni- and bidirectional associations

ABSTRACT Attachment theory proposes that the activation of the attachment system enacts emotion regulation (ER) to maintain security or cope with insecurity. However, the effects of ER on attachment states and their bidirectional influences remain poorly understood. In this ecological momentary assessment study, we examined the dynamics between attachment and ER. We hypothesised that attachment states and ER influence each other through time. Specifically, we hypothesised bidirectional short-term cycles between state attachment security and reappraisal, state attachment anxiety and rumination, and state attachment avoidance and suppression. We also tested how trait attachment is related to state attachment and ER. One hundred twenty-two participants (Mage = 26.4) completed the Experiences in Close Relationship–Revised and reported state attachment and ER seven times daily for seven days. The results were only partly consistent with our cycle hypotheses yet revealed a cycle between low state attachment security and rumination that was attenuated by reappraisal. Moreover, rumination and suppression predicted increased insecure states, and reappraisal predicted increased secure and insecure states. Finally, trait attachment showed associations with state attachment and ER. Our study suggests regulatory dynamics between attachment and ER and opens important questions about their functional relationship in maintaining attachment-related behavioural patterns and emotional well-being.
Planning experiments: Updated guidance on experimental design and analysis and their reporting III

Scientists who plan to publish in British Journal of Pharmacology (BJP) must read this article before undertaking a study. This editorial provides guidance for the design of experiments. We have published previously two guidance documents on experimental design and analysis (Curtis et al., 2015; Curtis et al., 2018). This update clarifies and simplifies the requirements on design and analysis for BJP manuscripts. This editorial also details updated requirements following an audit and discussion on best practice by the BJP editorial board. Explanations for the requirements are provided in the previous articles. Here, we address new issues that have arisen in the course of handling manuscripts and emphasise three aspects of design that continue to present the greatest challenge to authors: randomisation, blinded analysis and balance of group sizes.
How Did the COVID-19 Restrictions Impact People Living With Dementia and Their Informal Carers Within Community and Residential Aged Care Settings in Australia? A Qualitative Study

The aim of this study was to explore how formal social support changed after implementation of the COVID-19 public health measures and how these restrictions affected people living with dementia and their informal carers in Australia. Sixteen informal carers and two people living with dementia were interviewed between August and November 2020. Participants were asked about their experiences of the pandemic and the impact that the restrictions had on their lives and care. Thematic analysis identified four overarching themes describing (a) prepandemic limitations of the aged care system, (b) the aged care system’s response to the COVID-19 restrictions, (c) changes affecting informal carers, and (d) the challenges faced by people living with dementia. The findings highlighted the challenges faced by the Australian aged care system before the pandemic and the additional burden placed on informal carers who supported people living with dementia across residential and home settings during the pandemic.
Is Binge Drinking Associated with Suicidal Behaviors among Brazilian Adolescents?

Abstract Objective To evaluate the association between suicidal behaviors and binge drinking among Brazilian adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2,476 students 14 to 19 years of age from 26 public high schools in the city of Olinda, Brazil. Data collection occurred between March and June 2018 through the self-administered Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Descriptive analysis and Poisson regression (p < 0.05, 95%CI) were performed. Results The prevalence of suicidal ideation, planning and attempt in the previous 12 months was 23.7%, 17.4% and 13.5%, respectively. Suicidal ideation was associated with binge drinking one to two days (PR:1.053, 95%CI:1.011-1.096) and ≥ three days in the previous 30 days (PR:1.069, 95%CI:1.016-1.125), sadness/hopelessness in the previous 12 months (PR:1.313, 95%CI:1.267-1.360), a report of family physical aggression in the previous 12 months (PR:1.111, 95%CI:1.068-1.155), the female sex (PR:1.082, 95%CI:1.049-1.115) and a non-nuclear family (PR:1.037, 95%CI:1.004-1.071). Suicidal planning was associated with sadness/hopelessness in the previous 12 months (PR:1.257, 95%CI:1.214-1.302), report of family physical aggression in the previous 12 months (PR:1.110, 95%CI:1.065-1.156) and the female sex (PR:1.072, 95%CI:1.041-1.104). Suicide attempt was associated with binge drinking ≥ three days in the previous 30 days (PR:1.062, 95%CI:1.008-1.119), sadness/hopelessness in the previous 12 months (PR:1.202, 95%CI:1.161-1.244), report of family physical aggression in the previous 12 months (PR:1.105, 95%CI:1.060-1.153) and the female sex (PR:1.064, 95%CI:1.034-1.095). The Catholic (PR:0.938, 95%CI:0.899-0.979; PR:0.925, 95%CI:0.888-0.9865; PR:0.937, 95%CI:0.899-0.977) and Evangelical (PR:0.956, 95%CI:0.922-0.992; PR:0.954, 95%CI:0.919-0.991) religions acted as a possible protective factor against suicidal behaviors. Conclusions Suicidal ideation and attempt were associated with binge drinking.
WFC3 Thermal Vacuum Testing: IR Science Performance Monitor

During WFC3 thermal-vacuum testing in September and October 2004, the IR19 test procedure, “IR Science Performance Monitor,” was executed eight times - twice in ambient conditions and six times in thermal-vacuum. This procedure tests and monitors the stability of detector bias, darks, flats, and both unresolved and resolved sources. The results show very good repeatability of bias, dark, photometric, PSF, and flatfield measurements.
Improving viral load testing using a quality improvement approach in Blantyre, Malawi

Background Viral load (VL) testing coverage remains low particularly in resource limited countries despite recommendation by World Health Organization, and Malawi is no exception. A quality improvement (QI) approach was used to improve VL testing coverage from 27% to a target of 80% at an urban health facility in Malawi. Methods A QI study employing a time-series quasi-experimental design with no comparison group was conducted at Chilomoni health centre in Blantyre from April 2020 to July 2020. A retrospective record review of all patient records (257) from 8 weeks before the study was conducted to determine baseline VL testing coverage. Root cause analysis of low VL testing coverage was done using fish-bone tool and factors prioritized using a Pareto-chart. Priority factors included inadequate capacity to update electronic medical records and competing tasks. Change ideas were identified and prioritized using an effort-impact matrix. Two change ideas; re-orienting ART providers on VL test order in EMR and dedicated ART provider to serve VL tested patients were implemented and tested in 5 Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles from the Model for Improvement (MFI), each lasting one week. The latter was tested, and adapted in 3 cycles, and eventually adopted for monitoring for another 5 weeks. VL testing coverage was tracked throughout the study using run charts and p-charts. Results VL testing coverage increased from 27% to 71% by the end of the study, with children aged 0 to 14 years having the lowest coverage throughout the study. Conclusion The MFI as a QI approach improved VL testing coverage through implementation of contextualized change ideas. A reliable data system, leadership buy-in and commitment are important for sustained improvement. Future research should focus on evaluating sustainability of improved VL testing coverage at the health facility and assessing barriers to VL testing among the paediatric population.
The Relationship Between Job Burnout and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Firefighters

These findings show that interventions targeting job burnouts are necessary for mental health promotion. Proactive and applicable interventions can be proposed to reduce exposure to diverse stresses. When designing intervention programs, employers should acknowledge the benefits of improving colleagues interpersonal as an important means of preventing work-related distress. Objectives This study aims to investigate the association between job burnout and depressive symptoms among Chinese firefighters, assuming colleagueship to play a moderating role in the aforementioned relationship. Methods This study is based on an online survey recruiting 1328 Chinese male firefighters from July 1 to August 31, 2021. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine the associations. Results This study revealed that all dimensions of job burnout were associated with worse depressive symptoms. Cynicism (β = 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.236, 0.356) had the strongest association with depressive symptoms, followed by emotional exhaustion and inefficacy. Moreover, firefighters with better affective colleagueship (β = −0.10; 95% CI, −0.141, −0.061) and better obligatory colleagueship (β = −0.07; 95% CI, −0.115, −0.034) were less likely to have depressive symptoms when confronted with job burnouts. Conclusions This study suggests employers and practitioners should target their intervention efforts at both job burnout and colleagueship.
Performance of predictive models of survival in horses undergoing emergency exploratory laparotomy for colic

Abstract Objective To evaluate previously published predictive survival models in a population of horses undergoing colic surgery in the midwestern United States. Study design Retrospective cohort study; single referral hospital. Animals A total of 260 horses met the inclusion criteria. Methods Medical records of horses undergoing surgical treatment for colic were reviewed. Previously published models were applied to cohort data to predict outcome. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy for prediction of short‐term survival were calculated. Results Single‐variable and multivariable models performed similarly for prediction of survival, with a mean 79% sensitivity (range: 44%–94%), 48% specificity (range: 22%–83%), 63% PPV (range: 56%–72%), 73% NPV (range: 60%–83%), and 64% accuracy (range: 59%–72%). Blood lactate ≤6 mmol/l and the colic severity score (CSS) were highly sensitive for prediction of survival; however, both had poor specificity. Conclusion Single‐variable and multivariable predictive models did not perform as well for prediction of survival in the study cohort compared to original reports, suggesting that population‐specific factors contribute to patient survival. Clinical significance Predictive models of survival developed in one population may be less reliable when used to predict outcome in horses undergoing colic surgery from an independent population. Additional model testing and refinement using data from multiple surgical centers could be considered to improve prediction of outcome for horses undergoing laparotomy for treatment of colic.
Program correctness over abstract data types, with error-state semantics

Straight-Line Programs. Preliminaries: Signatures and Structures. The Programming Language. Assertions. Correctness Formulae. A Proof System Soundness. Predicates State Transformers The Weakest Precondition and Strongest Postcondition. Completeness of the Proof System. `While' Programs. Notation for Partial Functions. The Programming Language. Assertions. Correctness Formulae. A Proof System Soundness. Partial State Transformers The Weakest Precondition and Strongest Postcondition. Completeness of the Proof System. Appendix: Total Correctness for `While' Programs. Recursive Programs. The Programming Language. Assertions. Correctness Formulae. A Proof System Soundness. A Look Ahead. Inductive Computability of the Input-Output Relation. Completeness of the Proof System. Appendix: Total Correctness for Recursive Programs. Computability in an Abstract Setting. Induction Schemes. Some Important Properties. From Induction Schemes to `While' Programs. From `While' Programs to Induction Schemes. Course-of-Values Induction. From COV Induction Schemes to `While'-Array Programs. From `While'-Array Programs to COV Induction Schemes. More on Induction. The COV Inductively Definable Functions. A Survey of Computability in an Abstract Setting. A Generalized Church-Turing Thesis. Bibliography.
Effect of the Surgical Safety Checklist on the incidence of adverse events: contributions from a national study

ABSTRACT Objective: the study evaluated the effect of using the safe surgery checklist (CL) on the incidence of adverse events (AE). Methods: cross-sectional and retrospective research with 851 patients undergoing surgical procedures in 2012 (n=428) and 2015 (n=423), representing the periods before and after CL implantation. The AE incidences for each year were estimated and compared. The association between the occurrence of AE and the presence of CL in the medical record was analyzed. Results: a reduction in the point estimate of AE was observed from 13.6% (before using the CL) to 11.8% (with the use of the CL). The difference between the proportions of AE in the periods before and after the use of CL was not significant (p=0.213). The occurrence of AE showed association with the following characteristics: anesthetic risk of the patient, length of stay, surgery time and classification of the procedure according to the potential for contamination. Considering the proportion of deaths, there was a significant reduction in deaths (p=0.007) in patients whose CL was used when compared to those without the use of the instrument. There was no significant association between the presence of CL and the occurrence of AE. It was concluded that the presence of CL in the medical record did not guarantee an expected reduction in the incidence of AE. Conclusion: however, it is believed that the use of the instrument integrated with other patient safety strategies can improve the safety/quality of surgical care in the long term.