Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Farmers’ Willingness to Cultivate Moringa Oleifera: The Case of Dipaculao, Aurora, Philippines

Moringa oleifera, commonly known as “malunggay” or “marunggay” in the Philippines, is a native tree considered a miracle plant due to its multipurpose uses, especially in traditional medicine. However, despite its proven uses and adaptability to different climates, the species is still underutilized. This paper aims to provide evidence regarding the dominant perceptions of and willingness to cultivate moringa, especially among those working in the agriculture sector. This study employed a descriptive research design. Data were gathered from farmers in Dipaculao, Aurora, using a self-made questionnaire and were processed and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23. The results showed that the majority of the farmers had positive perceptions of moringa and a willingness to cultivate it. Moreover, the farmers’ age, sex, farm size, years engaged in farming, and number of household members did not affect their willingness to cultivate moringa. Furthermore, farmers highlighted factors that might affect their decision to cultivate moringa, including the knowledge and skills for moringa cultivation and management, necessary capital for planting materials, and equipment and facilities for cultivation and processing. Therefore, this study recommends that the concerned agencies provide the farmers with training and seminars, financial loans, machinery/tools, and farm inputs.
Jahn-Teller transition of Fe 2 TiO 4 observed by maximum entropy method at high pressure and low temperature

Jahn-Teller transition of ulv\"ospinel ${\text{Fe}}_{2}{\text{TiO}}_{4}$ has been investigated by single-crystal x-ray diffraction study under high pressures up to 15 GPa at ambient temperature using synchrotron radiation and under the low-temperature condition down to $\ensuremath{-}170\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\text{C}$ at ambient pressure. The transition from cubic to tetragonal is induced from the tetragonal distortion due to the Jahn-Teller effect of ${\text{Fe}}^{2+}$ at the tetrahedral site. The phase transition takes place at 9 GPa with increasing pressure at $20\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\text{C}$ and the transition was found at $\ensuremath{-}110\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\text{C}$ and 1 atm. The $c/a$ ratio is 0.9982(4) at 11.43 GPa. On the other hand, the value is 1.0035(5) at $\ensuremath{-}170\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\text{C}$ and 1 atm. Degeneracy of $e$ orbit of ${^{\text{IV}}\text{F}\text{e}}^{2+}$ is different between high-pressure and low-temperature conditions: the former prefers electronic state ${d}_{{x}^{2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{y}^{2}}$ and the latter ${d}_{{z}^{2}}$ orbit in $e$ orbit. Difference Fourier maps on (100) and (001) planes of ${\text{Fe}}_{2}{\text{TiO}}_{4}$ reveal the electron density of $e$ electrons of ${^{\text{IV}}\text{F}\text{e}}^{2+}$. Orthorhombic structure of ${\text{Fe}}_{2}{\text{TiO}}_{4}$ at 30 GPa determined by Rietveld method was ${\text{CaTi}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{4}$-type structure by powder-diffraction study. In addition, we found another new higher-pressure polymorph at 48 GPa.
Solar-blind AlGaN-based Schottky photodiodes with low noise and high detectivity

We report on the design, fabrication, and characterization of solar-blind Schottky photodiodes with low noise and high detectivity. The devices were fabricated on n−/n+ AlGaN/GaN heterostructures using a microwave compatible fabrication process. True solar-blind operation with a cutoff wavelength of ∼274 nm was achieved with AlxGa1−xN (x=0.38) absorption layer. The solar-blind detectors exhibited <1.8 nA/cm2 dark current density in the 0–25 V reverse bias regime, and a maximum quantum efficiency of 42% around 267 nm. The photovoltaic detectivity of the devices were in excess of 2.6×1012 cm Hz1/2/W, and the detector noise was 1/f limited with a noise power density less than 3×10−29 A2/Hz at 10 kHz.
Zonal Flow Vacillation and Eddy Forcing in a Simple GCM of the Atmosphere.

Abstract Zonal flow vacillation with very long time scales is observed in a 3070-day simple GCM simulation with zonally symmetric forcing. The long lasting zonal wind anomalies suggest that zonal flow vacillation is self-maintained. Wave-mean flow interactions are investigated by composite analysis and transform Eulerian momentum budget analysis. Nonlinear life-cycle simulations are conducted to demonstrate that each extreme phase of the zonal flow vacillation is a quasi stable state and is self-maintained by the embedded synoptic eddies. The firm EOF mode of zonal-mean wind shows an out of phase relation between anomalies at 60°S and at 40°S with a barotropic structure. This structure is similar to the dominant vacillation pattern observed in the Southern Hemisphere. The composite jet stream in the high (low) index phase of zonal flow vacillation shifts poleward (equatorward) from the time-mean location and becomes broader (narrower) and weaker (stronger). Composite eddies in the high index Phase tilt NW.
Impact of Gamma Irradiation and Kale Leaf Powder on Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Profiles of Chicken Meat under Different Storage Intervals

The present study was planned to determine the effect of kale leaf powder and gamma rays on variations in the pH, amino acid and fatty acid profiles of chicken meat at different storage intervals. Significant changes (p ≤ 0.05) in the pH, amino acid and fatty acid profiles of chicken meat following different treatments (KLP (1% and 2%) and gamma irradiation (3k Gy)) were reported at 0, 7 and 14 days of storage. The pH value of the chicken meat sample decreased with the addition of kale leaf powder, whereas the value increased following a gamma irradiation dose of 3 kGy and with the passage of time. During different storage intervals, the minimum reduction in the amino acid and fatty acid quantities in the chicken meat samples was reported after gamma irradiation treatment. However, with the addition of KLP, the amount of amino acids and fatty acids in the chicken meat samples increased. Conclusively, the pH was observed to be reduced in the meat following combined treatment (irradiation + KLP), whereas the 2% KLP treatment improved the amino acid and fatty acid profiles of the chicken samples.
Complex molecules in the laboratory and star forming regions

The formation of complex organic molecules that consist of more than four atoms in space is one of the main questions in the field of astrochemistry and star formation. Although the exact formation mechanisms are not yet known, they are expected to form in thin ice layers on the surfaces of small interstellar dust grains through successive addition of H, C, N or O atoms to CO (carbon monoxide). In this thesis the formation of these molecules is studied in two different ways: simulation of interstellar ices analogues in the laboratory and observations of the same molecules after evaporation toward star forming regions. The laboratory experiments are high and ultra high vacuum setups in which ices of e.g. CO, CO2, HCOOH and CH3CHO are frozen out on an inert surface. The spectroscopy and the thermal behavior of pure and layered ices have been studied. Furthermore, the ices have been bombarded with H-atoms to test reactions schemes relevant for astronomical environments. In the second part of this thesis the same molecules have been observed with the single dish submillimeter telescopes the “James Clerk Maxwell Telescope” at Hawaii and the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique in Spain toward a sample star forming regions as well as with interferometer the SubMillimeter Array at Hawaii toward two sources. The relative abundances of molecules in different star forming regions measured with the single dish telescopes as well as the spatial extent of the emission detected with the interferometer has been used to determine the chemical relations between complex organics that have also been studied in the laboratory.
A subgrid model for clustering of high-inertia particles in large-eddy simulations of turbulence

Clustering (or preferential concentration) of inertial particles suspended in a homogeneous, isotropic turbulent flow is strongly influenced by the smallest scales of the turbulence. In particle-laden large-eddy simulations (LES) of turbulence, these small scales are not captured by the grid and hence their effect on particle motion needs to be modelled. In this paper, we use a subgrid model based on kinematic simulations of turbulence (Kinematic Simulation based SubGrid Model or KSSGM), for the first time in the context of predicting the clustering and the relative velocity statistics of inertial particles. This initial study focuses on the special case of inertial particles in the absence of gravitational settling. We show that the KSSGM gives excellent predictions for clustering in a priori tests for inertial particles with St ≥ 2.0, where St is the Stokes number, defined as the ratio of the particle response time to the Kolmogorov time-scale. To the best of our knowledge, the KSSGM represents the first model that has been shown to capture the effect of the subgrid scales on inertial particle clustering for St ≥ 2.0. We also show that the mean inward radial relative velocity between inertial particles (⟨wr⟩(−), which enters into the formula for the collision kernel) is accurately predicted by the KSSGM for all St. We explain why the model captures clustering at higher St but not for lower St , and provide new insights into the key statistical parameters of turbulence that a subgrid model would have to describe, in order to accurately predict clustering of low-St particles in an LES.
Metabolic and Transcriptional Stress Memory in Sorbus pohuashanensis Suspension Cells Induced by Yeast Extract

Plant stress memory can provide the benefits of enhanced protection against additional stress exposure. Here, we aimed to explore the responses of recurrent and non-recurrent yeast extract (YE) stresses in Sorbus pohuashanensis suspension cells (SPSCs) at metabolomics and transcriptional levels. Biochemical analyses showed that the cell wall integrity and antioxidation capacity of SPSCs in the pretreated group were evidently improved. Metabolic analysis showed that there were 39 significantly altered metabolites in the pretreated group compared to the non-pretreated group. Based on the transcriptome analysis, 219 differentially expressed genes were obtained, which were highly enriched in plant–pathogen interaction, circadian rhythm–plant, oxidative phosphorylation, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, the correlation analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome data revealed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis involved in the production of biphenyl phytoalexins may play a critical role in the memory response of SPSC to YE, and the key memory genes were also identified, including PAL1, BIS1, and BIS3. Collectively, the above results demonstrated that the memory responses of SPSC to YE were significant in almost all levels, which would be helpful for better understanding the adaptation mechanisms of medicinal plants in response to biotic stress, and laid a biotechnological foundation to accumulate favorable antimicrobial drug candidates from plant suspension cells.
Experimental optical encryption system based on a single-lens imaging architecture combined with a phase retrieval algorithm

We propose, and experimentally demonstrate, a single-lens imaging system as a compact encoding architecture by using a hybrid protocol for data processing. The encryption process consists of coherent light illuminating a random phase mask attached to an input image (the data), then the outgoing complex field propagates until reaching a second random phase mask next to a lens: encrypted data is obtained at some output plane after the lens. We demonstrate the feasibility of this proposal, and highlight the advantages of using tridimensional speckle as a secure random carrier instead of a standard ciphertext recording—holographic-based encryption techniques. Moreover, we expose the compact system benefits compared to conventional encrypting architectures in terms of energy loss and tolerance against classical attacks applicable to any linear cryptosystem. Experimental results validate our approach.
Dynamics of pedestal perturbations by ELMs and edge harmonic oscillations in DIII-D

Edge density profile modifications associated with edge localized modes (ELMs) and edge harmonic oscillations (EHOs) have been measured using fast profile reflectometry in DIII-D H-mode plasmas. Specifically, high time (down to 10 µs) and spatial (~4 mm) resolution density profile measurements from 0 × 1019 to 3.1 × 1019 m−3 provide us with new tools to study the dynamics of pedestal perturbations. During ELMs, it has been observed that the SOL density profile expands outwards to the vessel wall while the pedestal density reduces. These measurements provide direct evidence for enhanced particle radial transport to the vessel wall at the onset of ELMs. A large SOL density profile radial expansion velocity is observed during ELMs. A comparison of the velocities for different pedestal densities is made. The density scale length, density at the wall, and density fluctuations during ELMs are determined as a function of pedestal density, as well as particle transport during ELMs. Measurements in quiescent H-mode plasmas indicate that the pedestal density profile is modulated at the fundamental frequency of the EHO. A comparison between reflectometer and beam emission spectroscopy measurements regarding the EHO density fluctuation profile is presented.
Optical spectral analysis of the nonlinear dynamics in long-wavelength single-mode VCSELs subject to orthogonal optical injection

We report an experimental study of the polarization-resolved nonlinear dynamics of a 1550nm single-mode linearly polarized VCSEL when subject to orthogonal optical injection. We measure high-resolution (10 MHz) optical spectra of the linear polarizations and the total power emitted by the VCSEL. Spectra are analyzed together with the simultaneous temporal series of linearly polarized powers. For periodic dynamics, both linear polarizations show spectra with equally spaced peaks with a separation that corresponds to the frequency detuning. As the injected power increases much more peaks are observed with larger (smaller) separation between them when the frequency detuning is positive (negative). For negative values of the frequency detuning, increasing the injected power leads to irregular dynamics that is characterized by optical spectra for both linear polarizations with broad pedestals and much less defined peaks specially for the parallel polarization.
Ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of 0.948(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–0.052LiSbO3 lead-free piezoelectric thick film by aerosol deposition

Lead-free, piezoelectric thick films of 0.948(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–0.052LiSbO3 were fabricated by aerosol deposition and the effect of postannealing temperature on the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties was investigated. The thickness of the films ranged from 5to17μm and highly dense films were obtained after deposition at room temperature. With increasing annealing temperature, the dielectric and ferroelectric properties were markedly increased. The maximum ferroelectric and dielectric properties of e3T∕e0=1012, Pr=15. 5μC∕cm2, and d33=50pm∕V were obtained after annealing at 800°C for 1h. Above this temperature, the film exhibited rapid property degradation as it was decomposed due to Na2O evaporation.
Nuclear measurements of fuel-shell mix in inertial confinement fusion implosions at OMEGAa)

Direct drive spherical implosions on the OMEGA laser system [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] have shown that increased capsule convergence results in increased susceptibility to fuel-shell mix. Mix results from saturation of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, leading to small-scale, turbulent eddies and atomic-level mixing of the high-density compressed shell with hot, low-density fuel from the core. To sensitively probe the extent of mix, nuclear yields were measured from implosions of capsules filled with pure He3. The plastic capsule shell contains a deuterated plastic (CD) layer either on the inner surface or offset from the inner surface by 1μm. Mixing of D from the shell with hot He3 in the core is necessary to produce 14.7MeV DHe3 protons in such capsules. DHe3-proton spectral measurements have been used to constrain the amount of mix at shock time, to demonstrate that some of the fuel mixes with the offset CD layer, and that capsules with a higher initial fill density or thicker s.
Modeling of Heat Transfer Across the Interface in Two-Fluid Flows

A model is presented in this article to deal with heat transfer across the interface separating two immiscible fluids. It is suitable to be incorporated into interface-tracking methods, such as volume-of-fluid (VOF) methods, because a sharp interface is available in these approaches. The temperature at the interface and the heat flux through it are calculated in such a way that the continuity of the two properties at the contact surface is satisfied explicitly. With use of these values, the temperature either at the centroid or on a face of the interface cell can be estimated, which serves as Dirichlet boundary condition for the energy equation. The temperature field is then calculated by solving the energy equations for the two fluids simultaneously in an implicit way. This method is first assessed via testing on two heat conduction problems in which two solids are in contact. Good agreement between numerical solutions and theory is obtained. To demonstrate its capability, it is applied to two kinds of heat transfer problems, one being the collapse of a heated water column in a cavity, and the other the falling of a molten tin droplet in an oil tank. The effect of fluid flow on the heat transfer is clearly illustrated.
Using spectroscopic analysis of unclassified supergiants to investigate massive stars in transition. II. The superluminous HD 327083

New optical high-resolution (R 50 000) spectra of the star HD 327083 are reported in this paper. The Balmer and Fell lines show P Cygni profiles while He I lines are all in pure absorption, resembling the spectra of the Luminous Blue Variable HR Carinae. However, the blue absorption components of the Balmer lines are more pronounced and the Fe II lines are less numerous and less intense in HD 327083. A spectroscopic analysis of the Balmer lines (Hα, Hβ, Hy and H6) with a non-LTE wind model has been performed. The derived stellar parameters for HD 327083 are: log(L * /L O . ) = 6.0, T * = 11 500 K, M = 8.0 × 10 - 5 M O . /yr and He/H = 0.2 (by number). From these results we concluded that HD 327083 is a superluminous object in an evolved phase of an evolutive track of M Z A M S ∼ 60 M O . It is likely to be about to enter in a Luminous Blue Variable phase.
Material point method for large deformation seismic response analysis

Landslides triggered by earthquakes are one of the major seismic hazards and can cause large damages and fatalities. The material point method (MPM) has become a popular technique to model such large mass movements. A limitation of existing MPM implementations is the lack of appropriate boundary conditions to perform seismic response analysis of slopes. To bridge this gap, an extension to the basic MPM framework is presented for simulating the seismic triggering and subsequent collapse of slopes within a single analysis step. The concepts of a compliant base boundary and free-field columns are applied within the MPM framework enabling the direct application of input ground motions and accounting for the absorption of outgoing waves. The presented methodology is applied to an example slope to illustrate the proposed procedure and to benchmark it against the results obtained using an alternative technique, based on a coupled Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) finite element approach. With the latter approach, the seismic triggering is analysed using a Lagrangian analysis step, followed by an Eulerian step to model the large deformation run-out process. With this procedure, however, the input motion cannot be applied during the runout analysis leading to a potential underestimation of the predicted displacements. This disadvantage can be overcome by the presented “all-in-one” MPM approach. The comparison shows that for short duration ground motions both methodologies lead to almost identical results. For longer earthquake events, on the other hand, the failure mechanism propagates further down-and uphill into stable parts of the slope, when applying the input ground motion throughout the entire analysis, resulting in a considerably larger landslide. Finally, the capability
Follmer-Schweizer Decomposition and Mean-Variance Hedging for General Claims

Let X be an R d -valued special semimartingale on a probability space (Ω, F, (F t ) 0≤t≤T , P) with decomposition X = X 0 + M + A and Θ the space of all predictable, X-integrable processes θ such that ∫θ dX is in the space S 2 of semimartingales. If H is a random variable in L 2 , we prove, under additional assumptions on the process X, that H can be written as the sum of an F 0 -measurable random variable H 0 , a stochastic integral of X and a martingale part orthogonal to M. Moreover, this decomposition is unique and the function mapping H with its decomposition is continuous with respect to the L 2 -norm. Finally, we deduce from this continuity that the subspace of L 2 generated by ∫θ dX, where θ ∈ Θ, is closed in L 2 , and we give some applications of this result to financial mathematics.