Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lime potentials as biopreservative as alternative to chemical preservatives in pineapple, orange and watermelon juice blend

The major challenge influencing fruits economic value is the relatively short shelf-life. This study preserved fruit juice blend from pineapple, watermelon and orange using lime juice as biopreservative comparing its effectiveness with ascorbic acid and citric acid as chemical preservatives during storage at ambient temperature (27±2C) for five weeks. The acceptability of the juice by consumer, biochemical changes and microbial load was also evaluated on a weekly basis. From the results, all the samples were acceptable on a 9-point hedonic scale (8.70-8.90) with 1% lime biopreserved juice blend was the most preferred. This shows that that lime effectively controlled the rate at which increase pH and decrease of TTA occurred during storage by double-fold when compared with ascorbic and citric acid used in the study. A minimal decrease in pH of 0.75% was documented during the five weeks of study. The specific gravity of the juice was relatively table during storage except for the unpreserved juice. Lime addition at 2 and 4% effectively suppressed fungal growth in the juice for five weeks of storage. Lime juice added as biopreservative at 4% showed the best bacteriostatic and fungistatic performance while the consistent increase in the bacteria growth from 60×10 11×10 CFU/mL was recorded in unpreserved at ambient temperatures during storage. Ascorbic acid and citric acid as preservative effectively inhibited microbial growth of bacterial and fungal for 2 weeks, followed by a steady increase from 16×10 17×10, 20×10 62×10 and 20×10 36×10; 21×10 48×10 CFU/mL respectively. Low Bacterial count was recorded in juice preserved with 1% lime (70×10 CFU/mL), 2% lime preserved (41×10 CFU/mL) and 4% lime (13×10 CFU/mL) at week 4 and week 5 respectively. The study established that lime is a good biopreservative with antimicrobial effect can serve as a replacement for chemical preservatives.
The role of ontogeny on character polarization in early dinosaurs: a new specimen from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil and its implications

Abstract Only recently, new ontogenetic series of early dinosaurs and related groups have been described. Here, we present an isolated immature dinosauriform femur from the Late Triassic of southern Brazil and investigate its influence on character polarization. Because the specimen shares a number of synapomorphies with Pampadromaeus barberenai, herein we postulate that it corresponds to a juvenile individual of that taxon. Accordingly, we investigate the morphological variation between juvenile and mature individuals of P. barberenai. Scoring these character states into a published phylogenetic data-set of Dinosauromorpha reveals that morphological variation is higher than that observed among closely-related taxa. Ontogenetic variation thus exerts influence on character polarization. In addition, modification of the scores affected by ontogeny produces different topologies, as noted by the reduction in both the number of most parsimonious trees and number of steps, and increased inclusivity of some clades and reduction of polytomies as well. Our study, together with other recent contributions, sheds light on the morphologic pathways seen during dinosauromorph ontogenetic development, which is crucial to more reliably assess phylogenetic reconstructions and macroevolutionary patterns of this widespread and successful group.
The scaffolding protein Cnk Interacts with Alk to Promote Visceral Founder Cell Specification in Drosophila

In Drosophila, the receptor tyrosine kinase Alk and its ligand Jeb are required to drive founder cell (FC) specification in the visceral mesoderm (VM). Alk-signalling activates downstream MAPK/ERK- and PI3K-pathways in human and Drosophila but little is known about immediate downstream signalling events. Here we report that the scaffolding protein Cnk interacts directly with Alk via a novel c-terminal binding motif. Cnk is required for Alk-signalling as ectopic expression of the minimal interaction motif as well as loss of maternal and zygotic cnk blocks visceral FC-formation, resembling the phenotype of jeb and Alk mutants. We also show that the Cnk-interactor Aveugle/Hyphen (Ave/HYP) is critical, while the (pseudo-) kinase Ksr is not required for Alk-signalling in the developing VM. Taken together, Cnk and Ave represent the first molecules downstream of Alk whose loss genocopies the lack of visceral FC-specification of Alk and jeb mutants indicating an essential role in Alk-signalling.
Population structure, genetic diversity, and sexual state of the rice brown spot pathogen Bipolaris oryzae from three Asian countries

Bipolaris oryzae causes rice brown spot (RBS) in common rice (Oryza sativa) inflicting substantial grain yield losses worldwide. Knowledge of the population structure, genetic diversity, and sexual recombination of the fungal pathogen can help to implement effective disease management strategies. In this study, B. oryzae isolates sampled from Iran, The Philippines, and Japan were analyzed with 12 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers newly developed from the genome sequence of the fungus. Among the 288 B. oryzae isolates genotyped, 278 unique haplotypes were identified. High genotype numbers (richness) with even distribution (evenness) were found within the collection sites. Both mating types, MAT1-1 and MAT1-2, were present in each collection area, and the sexual state was induced under controlled conditions with production of viable ascospores. However, the tests of linkage disequilibrium did allow rejection of the hypothesis of random mating. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed that the B. oryzae collection formed three clusters each consisting of isolates from different collection sites. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic variation among clusters was 18.7%, with the rest distributed within clusters (Rst = 0.187, P < 0.001). Statistically significant pairwise-genetic differentiation was found between the clusters. These results show that Asian B. oryzae isolates are genetically diverse, and overall distributed in three groups. Those findings will be helpful in managing the disease and guide the use of representative set of isolates needed for selection of RBS resistant rice varieties. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Kualitas Fermentasi dan Nilai Nutrisi Silase Berbasis Sisa Tanaman Padi yang Diensilase dengan Penambahan Inokulum Bakteri Asam Laktat Epifit

SANTOSO, B. , B.TJ. HARIADI, ALIMUDDIN and D.Y. SESERAY. 2011. Fermentation quality and nutritive value of rice crop residue based silage ensiled with addition of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria. JITV 16(1): 1-8. Silage is the feedstuff resulted from the preservation of forages through lactic acid fermentation. The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritive value, fermentation characteristics and nutrients digestibility of rice crop residue based silage ensiled with epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The mixture of rice crop residue (RC), soybean curd residue (SC) and cassava waste (CW) in a 90: 5: 5 (on dry matter basis) ratio was used as silage material. Three treatments silage were (A) RC + SC + CW as a control; (B) RC + SC + CW + LAB inoculums from rice crop residue; (C) RC + SC + CW + LAB inoculums from king grass. Silage materials were packed into plastic silo (1.5 kg capacity) and stored for 30 days. The results showed that crude protein content in B and C silage was higher than that of silage A, but NDF content in silages B and C was lower than that of silage A. Lactic acid concentration was higher (P < 0.01) in silage C compared to silage B and A, thus pH value of silage C was lower (P < 0.01) than silage B and A. Silage C had the highest Fleigh point than that of other silages. Dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were higher in silages B and C (P < 0.01) than that of control silage. It was concluded that the addition of LAB inoculums from king grass to rice crop residue based silage resulted a better fermentation quality compared to LAB inoculums from rice crop residue.
Effect of Probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis) on broiler performance

The study was conducted to determine the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis on body weight gain , some serum parameter and salmonella colonization of cecum in broiler chicks.One hundred fifty 1 day old male broiler chicks (Ross breed) were used in experiment ,the chicks were allocated into three groups and the first group as a control in randomized design(basal diet) , the second group ( basal diet with 1% saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis) ,and the third group ( basal diet with 2% saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis) birds in each group were fed ad libitum for a period of 38 days. The result showed that supplementation of saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis 1% and 2% to the basal diet decrease cholesterol significantly ( p≤0.05) at 29 and 38 days and increase total protein p≤0.05)at 39 days , with no significant differences in another in blood parameters such as blood glucose and albumin. Body weight of treated groups significantly different( p≤0.05) at 29 and 38 days of age compared with control group. The results showed that saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis decreased the number of Salmonella count of the cecal content of treated groups(38 days old) than control.
Induced Breeding and Larvae Rearing of Critically Endangered Riverine Catfish Rita rita (Hamilton)

The paper reports the induced breeding of Rita rita using carpPG (collected pituitary gland from carp fish) extracts, ovaprim and the effects of stocking density on growth and survival rates of larvae. Three doses of carpPG extracts viz. 90, 100 and 110 mg . kg -1 body weight of female were used while males were treated with 40mg . kg -1 body weight in all cases. The dose of 100 mg . kg -1 body weight was proved the most suitable in terms of ovulation (100%), fertilisation (82.50±6.46 %), and hatching rates (62.75±7.182%). In case of ovaprim, females were treated with 0.5 and 1.0 mL . kg -1 body weight and males received a dose of 0.5 mL . kg -1 body weight but both doses failed to ovulate the fish. The growth study was carried out using two stocking densities (1 larva and 2 larvae . L -1 of water) with 5 day-old larvae fed chopped tubificid worms ad libitum . Better growth and survival rates were found at stocking density of 1 larva . L -1 .
Bioactive compounds in Diospyros mafiensis roots inhibit growth, sporulation and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus

Diospyros mafiensis F. White is a medicinal shrub or small tree (6 m tall) widely distributed in the Zanzibar-Inhambane regional mosaic and traditionally used to treat leprosy, diarrhoea, and skin fungal infections in Tanzania and Mozambique. Our objective was to determine the anti-aflatoxigenic properties of compounds from D. mafiensis root bark against vegetative growth, sporulation and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Bioassay-guided extraction, fractionation, and isolation of bioactive compounds using A. parasiticus B62 were employed. The bioactive compounds were elucidated using 1H and 13CNMR and LC-MS. Growth inhibition was determined by measuring the colony diameter of A. flavus AF3357 and A. parasiticus SU-1 ATCC56775. Inhibitory effects on sporulation were estimated using a haemocytometer. Total aflatoxin was quantified by direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bioactive compounds diosquinone (DQ) and 3-hydroxydiosquinone (3HDQ) were i.
NESTING OF THE SCALLOPED WOODCREEPER (LEPIDOCOLAPTES FALCINELLUS)

We provide the first description of the nest of the Scalloped Woodcreeper (Lepidocolaptes falcinellus), its clutch size, nestlings, and nesting behavior from prospecting to fledging, based on 102 h of observation at a nest in the subtropical Atlantic forest at Parque Provincial Cruce Caballero, province of Misiones, Argentina. The nest was in a long vertical crack, 2.5 m high in the trunk of a cedro (Cedrela fissilis). The two adults filled the bottom of the cavity with bark flakes to a height of 11 cm. They took turns incubating the three eggs with 100% attentiveness for 15 阂16 days, and fed the two nestlings a diet of arthropods, especially caterpillars. After the male died, the female raised the nestlings alone and they fledged two days apart, 18 and 19 days after hatching. The Scalloped Woodcreepers were observed on four occasions defending their nest against potential predators and cavity competitors (White-throated
Alternatives for Control of Paraquat Tolerant American Black Nightshade (Solanum americana)

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to identify alternative herbicide treatments for the control of a biotype of American black nightshade which has been shown to tolerate paraquat. In greenhouse experiments the combination of paraquat and the metal chelator diethyldithiocarbamate at either 1% w/v or 3% w/v, and diquat alone significantly lowered I50 values, based on dry weight, when compared with paraquat alone. None of these treatments provided acceptable control (>90%) in field experiments. Treatments that controlled American black nightshade under field conditions were: monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 9 kg ai ha-1, monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 9 kg ha-1 + paraquat at 0.6 kg ha-1, lactofen at 0.6 kg ha-1, oxyfluorfen at 0.6 kg ha-1, and acifluorfen at 0.6 kg ha-1. Addition of tridiphane at 1.7 kg ha-1 to paraquat at 0.6 kg ha-1 did not improve control of American black nightshade under field conditions.
Genetic characterisation of populations from the European natural range of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) by means of EST markers

The newly developed EST marker for cyclophilin in Norway spruce is reported in present study. Sequencing of two alleles observed during segregation analysis, identified the position of an insertion within 3`non-coding region. The marker for cyclophilin, as well as other three from five additionally analysed EST markers, revealed statistically signifficant patterns of geographical differentiation between 19 populations of Picea abies, showing a slight clinal variation south-north through Europe. The observed genetic structure is suggested to be related to selectively neutral random drift mutations occurred during the time of postglacial recolonisation of Norway spruce in Europe.
Special Topic : Air Pollution and Control Aerosol and boundary-layer interactions and impact on air quality

Aerosol and boundary-layer interactions and impact on air quality Zhanqing Li1,2,∗, Jianping Guo3,∗, Aijun Ding4, Hong Liao5, Jianjun Liu2, Yele Sun6,7, Tijian Wang4, Huiwen Xue8, Hongsheng Zhang8 and Bin Zhu9 1State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, GCESS, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 1000875, China; 2Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, MD 21029, USA; 3State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 4School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; 5School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; 6State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; 7Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; 8Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China and 9School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Biomass Yield of Switchgrass Cultivars under High- versus Low-Input Conditions

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is undergoing development as a biomass crop to support conversion of cellulosic biomass to energy. To avoid the competition of biomass with food or feed crops, most commercialization proposals suggest that switchgrass should be grown exclusively on marginal lands that are not fit for food or feed production. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential for cultivar ́ environment interactions that would affect the methods and approaches for breeding and evaluating switchgrass cultivars, including both upland and lowland types, for high-input versus low-input types of environments. Biomass yield was measured on 14 cultivars that were present in 28 replicated field experiments representing seven regions, ranging from 75 to 100° W and spanning USDA Hardiness Zones 4 through 7. Region was the most important environmental factor interacting with cultivars, supporting the idea that the north-central and northeastern United States should have independent switchgrass breeding programs. Cultivars interacted with soil phosphorus concentration in New Jersey and with depth of the A and B horizons in New York and showed mild interactions with rate of nitrogen fertilizer at several locations. Cultivar rank correlation coefficients between the two rates of nitrogen fertilization (100 vs. 0 kg N ha−1) ranged from 0.23 to 0.88, suggesting a possible benefit to breeding and selection without applied nitrogen fertilizer. M.D. Casler, USDA-ARS, 1925 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 537061108; S. Sosa, 294 Lamplighter Ln. , Marietta, GA 30067; L. Hoffman, Rutgers Univ., Dep. of Plant Biology and Pathology, 59 Dudley Rd., Foran Hall, New Brunswick, NJ 08901; H. Mayton, Cornell Univ., Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, 356 Plant Science, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853; C. Ernst, Ernst Conservation Seeds, 8884 Mercer Pike, Meadville, PA 16335; P.R. Adler, USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; A.R. Boe, South Dakota State Univ., Dep. of Plant Science, Agricultural Hall, Brookings, SD 57007; S.A. Bonos, Rutgers Univ., Dep. of Plant Biology and Pathology, 59 Dudley Rd., Foran Hall, New Brunswick, NJ 08901. Received 23 Aug. 2016. Accepted 29 Dec. 2016. *Corresponding author (mdcasler@wisc.edu, michael.casler@ars. usda.gov). Assigned to Associate Editor Hem Bhandari. Abbreviations: GE, genotype ́ environment; HYE, high-yield environment; LYE, low-yield environment; PLS, pure live seed. Published in Crop Sci. 57:821–832 (2017). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2016.08. 0698 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. Published February 23, 2017
Déficits de la chaîne respiratoire mitochondriale avec instabilité de l’ADN mitochondrial : identification de nouveaux gènes et mécanismes

Les maladies mitochondriales regroupent un ensemble de pathologies liees a un deficit de la chainerespiratoire mitochondriale. Au laboratoire, nous focalisons notre interet sur les mitochondriopathies liees a undefaut de stabilite de l’ADN mitochondrial (ADNmt), qui se traduit par des deletions multiples et/ou unedepletion (diminution du nombre de copies). Ces pathologies sont caracterisees par une importanteheterogeneite clinique et genetique et sont secondaires a des mutations dans des genes nucleaires codantpour des proteines impliquees dans le maintien de l’ADNmt. De nos jours, la recherche des genesresponsables d’instabilite de l’ADNmt s’avere negative chez plus de 70% des malades, d’ou un grand interetpour ameliorer les techniques d’identification des mutations et la recherche de nouveaux genes impliquesdans ces pathologies
ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN TRAITS IN FISÁLIS: A TOOL FOR INDIRECT SELECTION OF SUPERIOR PLANTS

O conhecimento da associacao entre caracteres e de fundamental importância no melhoramento de plantas, uma vez que a selecao indireta pode acelerar a obtencao de genotipos promissores. Este trabalho teve como objetivo quantificar a magnitude da associacao entre caracteres de importância agronomica na cultura da fisalis. O experimento foi conduzido em Lages-SC, e os tratamentos foram constituidos de seis populacoes de fisalis. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com duas repeticoes e sete plantas por parcela. A correlacao entre os caracteres foi estimada com base nos coeficientes de correlacao de Pearson e particionados em efeitos diretos e indiretos por meio da analise de trilha. Houve associacao positiva entre a massa do fruto e o numero de sementes (0,874), diâmetro equatorial do fruto (0,738) e diâmetro polar do fruto (0,672). Por meio da analise de trilha, foi possivel verificar maior contribuicao direta do carater numero de sementes sobre a massa do fruto. A elevada magnitude de correlacao fenotipica entre diâmetro equatorial do fruto e diâmetro polar do fruto com a massa do fruto deve-se, principalmente, ao efeito indireto via numero de sementes (0,505 e 0,459). A selecao de frutos de fisalis com maior massa e fortemente influenciada pelo numero de sementes, de maneira que este carater deve ser considerado no momento da selecao.
Efeito da proporção sexual no comportamento reprodutivo do camarão-de-água-doce macrobrachium amazonicum em cativeiro

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da proporcao sexual no comportamento reprodutivo do camarao de agua doce Macrobrachium amazonicum em cativeiro. A coleta dos reprodutores aconteceu no final do mes de outubro no lago do Catalao/AM. Apos a coleta, os camaroes foram identificados e acondicionados em caixas isotermicas. Posteriormente, foram transportados ate as dependencias da Fazenda Agroindustrial Tambaqui LTDA. , no municipio de Itacoatiara/AM, para inicio das atividades experimentais. Os camaroes foram submetidos a quatro diferentes proporcoes sexuais: (T01) = 01 macho/02 femeas; (T02) = 01 macho/04 femeas; (T03) = 01 macho/06 femeas; (T04) = 01 macho/08 femeas. Ao final do experimento, as femeas ovigeras foram identificadas e tiveram seus ovocitos contados para determinacao dos indices de fecundidade. O tratamento que apresentou os melhores indices de fecundidade foi o que utilizou seis camaroes femeas para cada macho (T03).
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Gooseberry and Wild Apple fruit juices of the northeast region of India

A large number of wild fruits belonging to the North Eastern region of India are considered to be nutritionally abundant and traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments. In the present study, juices of Gooseberry and Wild Apple have been evaluated for their antimicrobial activity in its consumable form as a potential source of natural anti-infective agent. The fruit juices were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities qualitatively, using the agar well diffusion method followed by quantitative assessment by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The study revealed that both the fruit juices exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity. Considerable activity against drug resistant pathogens such as Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) and Extended Spectrum Î²-Lactamases (ESBL) producing Gram Negative bacteria (GNB) was observed. Thus, this study highlights the antibacterial efficacy of Wild Apple and Gooseberry fruit juices and augments the beneficiary properties of highly nutritional fruit juices that are specific to the Indian region.