Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cryptosporiopsis species isolated from the roots of aspen in central Alberta: identification, morphology, and interactions with the host, in vitro

Cryptosporiopsis Bubak & Kabat isolates were obtained for the first time from roots of apparently healthy aspen seedlings in Alberta. These isolates were similar in all the major morphological features previously used to separate Cryptosporiopsis species, but sequencing data of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region indicated that they were separated into two groups, one belonging to Cryptosporiopsis ericae Sigler and the other to Cryptosporiopsis radicicola Kowalski & Bartnik. Scanning electron microscopy of ex-type cultures and selected isolates from aspen roots revealed that C. ericae and C. radicicola differed in morphogenesis and structure of conidiomata: those of C. ericae were either synnematous or sporodochial, whereas those of C. radicicola possessed a peridium-like mycelial envelope bearing amorphous adhesive material. Phialides in the hymenium of C. radicicola were also embedded in amorphous matrix material but such material was absent in C. ericae. Microscopic examination of artificially inoculated aspen r.
Seed and Root Rots of Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) Caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium spp.

GGinseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) has become one of the most valuable herb crops grown in North America. However, traditional cropping practices are favourable to disease and significant losses due to root disease are common, despite frequent use of fungicides. Seedlots are often contaminated with pathogens, however, little is known about the causes of seed decay and the role of seed pathogens as incitants of root rots. It was shown that both Fusarium spp. and Cylindrocarpon destructans were able to rot seeds and that C. destructans was more virulent than Fusarium spp. on seedling roots. A modified rose bengal agar (MRBA) medium (1 g KH₂PO₄; 0.5 g MgSO₄· 7H₂O; 50 mg rose bengal; 10g dextrose; 5 g Bacto peptone; 15 g Bacto agar; 30 mg streptomycin sulfate; 250 mg ampicillin; 10 mg rifampicin; 500mg pentachloronitrobenzene; 500 mg dicloran; and 1 L distilled water) was superior to potato dextrose agar in detecting C. destructans in diseased roots. Isolation of C. destructans from diseased seedlings arising from seeds sown in replant soil supported the hypothesis that this pathogen is a cause of ginseng replant failure in North America. Key words : replant, Panax quinquefolius, disappearing root rot, replant decline, replant failure, Cylindrocarpon, Fusarium, Canada, North America, selective media
Effect of transportation stress on hepatic glycogen of Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

Oreochromis niloticus was subjected to transportation stress to investigate hepatic glycogen levels and mortality as indices of stress. Mortalities lasted up to three days after transportation, except in highly aerated samples. Heptic glycogen levels in transported fish were significantly lower in the controls. Stress appeared to be more intense when fish were transported at a high density and in a high salinity medium.
Monoclonal antibody production and the application of monoclonal antibodies to the study of tumour cell membrane antigens

A murine monoclonal antibody, F10 1 E12, (IgM) was produced against Landschutz ascites tumour cells (LAT) This antibody exhibits preferential reactivity on tumour versus normal cells The antigen against which the antibody is directed was identified as a cell membrane glycoprotein of mw 205kD, designated p-205 Characterization of this antigen by Western immunoblot analysis, coupled with enzyme digestion studies, revealed that the epitope bound by F10 1 E12 is sensitive to the effects of trypsin, pronase and papain. This suggests that an arginine and/or lysine ammoacid residue may be located at this site Lipase and a number of glycosidases did not affect the antigen-antibody interaction Neuraminidase was found to destroy this interaction, however, it did lead to the immunodetection of a range of other glycoproteins of mw from 40kD to 60kD. This may have been due to the effects of undefined proteases in the neuraminidase preparation used. The p-205 of LAT cells was not detectable on a range of normal mouse cells by Western immunoblot analysis, despite the fact that certain of these cells, notably normal mouse liver cells, exhibited strong reaction with F10 1 E12 m solid-phase ELISA studies. This would suggest that the antigen detected on normal cells is different to that of LAT cells, or that the antigen as expressed by normal cells is more labile than that of tumour cells. The glycoprotein p-205 was also detectable by Western immunoblotting analysis using reagent polyclonal antibodies raised against nigh molecular weight fucopeptides derived from LAT cell surfaces. These fucopeptides are well characterized m the literature and demonstrate a strong association with the neoplastic state. This finding may provide some valuable clues as to the nature of the carbohydrate moieties of p-205. In the course of this project, developments were made m the areas of solid-phase ELISA, somatic cell fusion techniques using PEG and m the elimination of mycoplasma from infected hybridomas. These methods and detailed accounts of the developments initiated during this research assignment will also be discussed.
The significance of water infrastructures for the conservation of bats in a semiarid Mediterranean landscape

The semiarid Mediterranean areas of south‐eastern Spain have undergone great economic growth in recent years following the disproportionate expansion of intensive agriculture and housing developments. Such growth can only be supported by the development of large‐scale hydraulic engineering works to compensate for the restrictions imposed by the scarcity of autochthonous water resources. We have studied the role of this type of infrastructure in the habitat use of several bat species in a protected forest area and its surroundings, a mixed landscape of traditional and intensive agricultural landscape crossed by the Tagus–Segura water transfer channel and endowed with frequent irrigation ponds. Our results showed that water infrastructures have a positive effect on bat activity (as measured as bat passes and feeding buzzes per unit time) and species richness. The regression models indicate that bat activity is notably higher in the Tagus–Segura channel than in the other habitat types studied. However, this higher activity appears to be mainly due to the presence of the two most common species, Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Pipistrellus pygmaeus, while others, such as the trawling bats Myotis daubentonii and Myotis capaccinii, specialist hunters in this kind of habitat and under greater threat in the study area are much less frequent. The absence of vegetation along the canal and the speed of the current do not seem to favor the presence of these last two species, whose conservation value is much greater than that of the pipistrelles.
Forecasting Daily Temperatures with Different Time Interval Data Using Deep Neural Networks

Temperature forecasting has been a consistent research topic owing to its significant effect on daily lives and various industries. However, it is an ever-challenging task because temperature is affected by various climate factors. Research on temperature forecasting has taken one of two directions: time-series analysis and machine learning algorithms. Recently, a large amount of high-frequent climate data have been well-stored and become available. In this study, we apply three types of neural networks, multilayer perceptron, recurrent, and convolutional, to daily average, minimum, and maximum temperature forecasting with higher-frequency input features than researchers used in previous studies. Applying these neural networks to the observed data from three locations with different climate characteristics, we show that prediction performance with highly frequent hourly input data is better than forecasting performance with less-frequent daily inputs. We observe that a convolutional neural network, which has been mostly employed for processing satellite images rather than numeric weather data for temperature forecasting, outperforms the other models. In addition, we combine state of the art weather forecasting techniques with the convolutional neural network and evaluate their effects on the temperature forecasting performances.
Morpho-agronomic characterization of the germplasm bank of jatropha young stage.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracterizacao preliminar da diversidade genetica no banco de germoplasma de pinhao-manso com base na avaliacao fenotipica realizada no primeiro ano de implantacao. O estudo foi realizado com 175 acessos de pinhao-manso do banco de germoplasma, que estao implantados em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com duas repeticoes, sendo cinco plantas por parcela no espacamento 4 x 2 m. Com base nos resultados, verifica-se a existencia de variabilidade genetica no banco de germoplasma para os caracteres avaliados possivel de ser explorada em um programa de melhoramento genetico para a cultura. As variaveis avaliadas influenciaram diferencialmente, de maneira direta ou indireta, na producao de graos, sendo a juvenilidade a caracteristica que apresentou o maior efeito direto (negativo) na producao de graos. Em relacao a caracteres qualitativos, foram identificados formato de folha, tamanho de pedunculo da inflorescencia e formato de fruto.
KONSEP KADERISASI ULAMA DI INDONESIA

Penelitian ini bermaksud mencari konsep kaderisasi ulama yang dilakukan oleh para ulama di nusantara. Konsep tersebut dharapkan dapat menjadi acuan bagi pendidik hari ini untuk melakukan hal yang sama. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kepustakaan. Penelitian ini menemukan kesimpulan bahwa kaderisasi ulama biasa dilakukan melalui lembaga pesantren. Polanya adalah, pertama-tama ulama pemimpin pesantren mencari santri-santri unggulan dari santri yang ada untuk dijadikan kader ulama. Kemudian, santri unggulan tadi dibuatkan kelas khusus bersama ulama pemimpi pesantren. Kelas ini adalah kelas tambahan dengan materi yang lebih tinggi dari materi yang diberikan di kelas biasa. Selain itu, santri unggulan ini juga diberikan tugas untuk mengajar kelas bawah sebagai ajang latihan. Setelah menyelesaikan pendidikannya di pesantren, ia diarahkan untuk melanjutkan belajar kepada ulama lain yang memiliki kepakaran dalam satu ilmu tertentu. Proses ini sekaligus membawa santri unggulan tadi untuk merantau guna mematangkan jiwanya dan menambah jaringannya. Setelah selesai belajar dan merantau, santri unggulan tadi kembali ke pesantrennya dan diarahkan untuk menjadi penerus ulama di pesantren tempat ia belajar atau diarahkan untuk mendirikan pesantren baru di tempat lain dengan tetap berada di bawah bimbingan gurunya. Setelah itu maka santri unggulan itu mulai menjadi seorang ulama.
Pareto-Improving Carbon-Risk Taxation

Anthropogenic climate change produces two conceptually distinct negative economic externalities. The first is an expected path of climate damage. The second, the focus of this paper, is an expected path of economic risk. To isolate the climate-risk problem, we consider three mean-zero, symmetric shocks in our 12-period, overlapping generations model. These shocks impact dirty energy usage (carbon emissions), the relationship between carbon concentration and temperature, and the connection between temperature and damages. By construction, Our model exhibits a de minimis climate problem absent its shocks. However, due to non-linearities, symmetric shocks deliver negatively skewed impacts, including the potential for climate disasters. As we show, Pareto-improving carbon taxation can dramatically lower climate risk, in general, and disaster risk, in particular. The associated climate-risk tax, which is focused exclusively on limiting climate risk, can be as large as, or larger than, the carbon average-damage tax, which is focused exclusively on limiting average damage.
Assessment of soil erosion in olive orchards (Olea europaea L.) under cover crops management systems in the tropical region of Brazil

In the tropics, water erosion is one of the most important factors leading to the degradation and deterioration of agricultural land. Olive orchards have a low canopy coverage, especially during the first years after planting, due to the low density of olive trees. Given the fast expansion of olive orchards in Brazil, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of cover vegetation on soil and water losses under natural rainfall. In addition, it was assessed the crop performance and the vegetation cover index in different management systems in olive orchards. The study was carried out in soil erosion plots, where water and sediment were sampled and measured over two crops season, under the following treatments: in the first season, bare soil with olive cultivation (OBS); olive trees intercropped with spontaneous vegetation (OSV); olive trees intercropped with jack beans (OJB); olive trees intercropped with millet (OM) and, as a control, only bare soil (BS). In the second season, the OM treatment was replaced by olive trees intercropped with sunn hemp (OSH). On bare soils, soil loss was the highest reaching 303.9 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) and where the surface runoff amounted to 484.8 mm yr(-1). However, in the absence of competition for resources with other crops, olive trees performed best under this system. The olive orchards planted in shallow and sloping soils without cover crops showed unsustainable soil loss, crusting, and sealing in the superficial soil layer, which can progress quickly for soil degradation in the future. The efficiency in the reduction of loss in relation to bare soil was 4.11 and 12.93 % for the soil loss and 12.15 and 25.17 % for water loss, respectively, for olive with spontaneous vegetation and olive with jack beans. Cover crops combined with olive trees, and reconciled with the crop performance aspects of cultivation in tropical regions, is of great relevance for improving sustainability, especially regarding the reduction of soil and water losses due to water erosion.
Heterosis for yield and yield components in greengram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

A set of 20 crosses involving nine parents was studied to get information on the extent of heterosis over better parent (BP) and mid parent (MP) for yield and yield contributing characters in greengram. The maximum better parent heterosis for seed yield was observed to be 149.71% and that of mid parent found to be 159.69%. The crosses showing heterosis for seed yield was not heterotic for all the characters. PUSA 9672 x WGG 2, PUSA 9672 x TARM 21, PUSA 9672 x LGG 407, MGG 341 x LGG 407 and LGG 460 x LGG 407 hybrids were identified as promising for many desirable traits and they may be useful in exploiting hybrid vigour in greengram.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SYSTEMIC AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM MONOCYTE/MACROPHAGE INFECTION IN SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS

Approximately ¼ of AIDS patients develop HIVE, the pathologic entity associated with cognitive, motor, and behavioral deficits attributed to synaptic damage and neuronal loss. It still remains unclear why only a subset of HIV-infected individuals develops abundant central nervous system (CNS) macrophage/microglia infection that characterizes HIVE. The overarching hypothesis of this body of work is that simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) encephalitis (SIVE) is the CNS manifestation of a systemic increase in SIV infection and activation of monocyte/macrophage elements. Specifically, we examined the relationship of infected and activated monocyte/macrophage elements outside of the CNS during the evolution of lentiviral encephalitis to the presence of infected macrophages in the CNS. We studied three models of SIV infection: SIV-infection of rhesus and pigtailed macaques and SIV-infection of CD8+ T cell depleted macaques. Antibody-mediated CD8+ T cell depletion did not increase the incidence of SIVE in infected rhesus macaques. In SIV-infected rhesus macaques, we examined whether presence of activated macrophages or SIV-infected macrophages is associated with the presence of neuronal damage. The presence of abundant infected macrophages in the CNS is related to postsynaptic neuronal damage in macaques with SIVE. At the same time cerebrospinal fluid viral load increased in SIV-infected CD8-depleted rhesus and non-depleted pigtailed macaques that developed encephalitis, monocyte-derived macrophages produced more virus ex vivo than macaques that did not develop encephalitis. Compared to pigtailed macaques that did not develop SIVE, the monocyte associated SIV-DNA load of monocytes was elevated in macaques that developed SIVE. Pigtailed macaques with SIVE had more infected macrophages in peripheral organs, with the exception of lymph nodes, than macaques without SIVE. Longitudinal analysis of phenotypic markers of monocyte activation show that increases in proportion of CD14+/CD16+ monocytes is associated with chronic disease. Brains with SIVE have greater numbers of T cells with cytotoxic potential. In conclusion, these findings suggest that inherent differences in host macrophage viral production or immune response to macrophage infection are associated with development of encephalitis. Further understanding of the differential role monocyte/macrophages have in the development of lentiviral encephalitis will identify therapeutic targets to halt this public health epidemic.
Impaired lipolysis in propionic acidemia: A new metabolic myopathy?

The objective of this study was to investigate the fat and carbohydrate metabolism in a patient with propionic acidemia (PA) during exercise by means of indirect calorimetry and stable isotope technique. A 34‐year‐old patient with PA performed a 30‐minute submaximal cycle ergometer test. Data were compared to results from six gender‐ and age‐matched healthy controls. Main findings are that the patient with PA had impaired lipolysis, blunted fatty acid oxidation, compensatory increase in carbohydrate utilization, and low work capacity. Our findings indicate that PA should be added to the list of metabolic myopathies.
Evaluation of serum adipokines with development of metabolic syndrome among industrial workers.

Background: Most of the studies were reported serum adipokines with the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in population-based studies. Objective: The current study assessed the levels of serum adipokines i.e. leptin, adiponectin, leptin: adiponectin ratio (LAR), adiponectin: leptin ratio (ALR) and development of MetS among industrial workers. Methods: Eighty-eight workers were recruited in the study. MetS was diagnosed using the definition of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Serum leptin and adiponectin levels were done by using ELISA methods. LAR and ALR values were calculated using the serum leptin and adiponectin. The data was analyzed by using SPSS software. Mann-Whitney U test was used to find out the differences of adipokines among workers with or without MetS. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to find out the effect of number of metabolic components (0, 1, 2, 3 and >4) on serum adipokines among workers. Results: 37.5% of workers had MetS. The levels of serum leptin (P
Single and dual experimental infection of specific pathogen-free Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp with White Spot Syndrome Virus and Vibrio species

Infectious diseases, especially white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and vibriosis, have caused huge economic loss in shrimp culture in many countries. The availability of specific pathogen-free (SPF) is now facilitating the development of standardized protocols for pathogen challenge, as established recently for WSSV. Hence, a protocol for Vibrio challenge in SPF shrimp was standardized. Shrimp from postlarve to juvenile were challenged with five different Vibrio strains namely V. campbellii, V. harveyi 642, V. harveyi E022, V. harveyi E2 and V. penaeicida. Many stress factors were applied such as starvation, salinity and ammonium stress. In absence of stress, SPF shrimp were not susceptible to Vibrio neither by immersion nor by injection. Only under ammonium stress, SPF shrimp became susceptible to infection by Vibrio through injection of 106 CFU shrimp-1 after an initial ammonium stress of 50 mgL-1 during 12 h, followed by a continuous ammonium exposure to 20 mgL-1. Another factor, namely WSSV burden, was used as interfering factor in testing the susceptibility of SPF shrimp to Vibrio. Shrimp were first injected with 30 SID50 (SID50 = Shrimp Infectious Dose with 50% endpoint) of WSSV and 24 h later with 106 CFU shrimp-1 of V. campbellii. Shrimp injected with only WSSV started to die at 60 hours post injection (hpi) and cumulative mortality reached 100% at 168-336 hpi. On the other hand, shrimp in the dual treatment died earlier (36 hpi) and cumulative mortality reached 100% at 72-96 hpi. In WSSV-compromised shrimp, the proliferation capacity of V. campbellii is enhanced considerably. The density of V. campbellii in the haemolymph of WSSV-compromised shrimp collected 6 and 10 hours after V. campbellii injection was between 102 and 103-fold higher than in shrimp injected with V. campbellii only (p<0.01). In contrast, there was no difference in WSSV replication between shrimp inoculated with WSSV only compared to dually inoculated groups. A dose of 104 CFU shrimp-1 of V. campbellii can be considered as the threshold needed for accelerated mortality of WSSV-compromised shrimp. Shrimp which were first inject with WSSV and 24 h (or 48 h) later exposed to 106, 107, or 108 CFU mL-1 of V. campbellii by immersion did not show any accelerated mortality. It was verified that the clinical outcome of WSSV and V. campbellii co-infection in SPF L. vannamei shrimp depends on the bacterial dose, strain and challenge routes. In conclusion, the outcome from this study revealed that SPF shrimp were not susceptible to Vibrio neither by immersion nor by injection in absence of stress. However, they can be made more susceptible by abiotic stress (NH3) and biotic stress (WSSV burden). This study is the first to experimentally reproduce synergistic effect between a viral and a bacterial pathogen in shrimp. The results corroborate findings of polymicrobial diseases in the field.
Assembly of γ- with α-Globin Chains to Form Human Fetal Hemoglobin in Vitro and in Vivo *

Soluble γ-globin chains were expressed in bacteria and purified to assess the mechanism of γ- and α-chain assembly to form Hb F. Formation of Hb F in vitro following incubation of equimolar mixtures of γ and α chains was about 4 × 105-fold slower than assembly of α and β chains to form Hb A in vitro. Results of assembly for γ116Ile→His and γ112Thr→Asp chains with α chains were similar to that of β chains, whereas assembly of γ112Thr→Cys and α chains was similar to wild type γ chains, indicating that amino acid differences at α1β1 and α1γ1 interaction sites between γ116 Ile and β116 His are responsible for the different assembly rates in vitro in the formation of Hb F and Hb A. Homoassembly in vitro of individual γ chains as assessed by size-exclusion chromatography shows that γ and γ112Thr→Cys chains form stable dimers like αβ and αγ that do not dissociate readily into monomers like β chains. In contrast, γ116Ile→His chains form monomers and dimers upon dilution. These results are consistent with the slower assembly rate in vitro of γ and γ112Thr→Cys with α chains, whereas the faster rate of assembly of γ116Ile→His and γ112Thr→Asp chains with α chains, like β chains, may be caused by dissociation to monomers. These results suggest that dissociation of γ2 dimers to monomers limits formation of Hb F in vitro. However, yields of soluble Hb F expressed in bacteria were similar to Hb A, and no unassembled α and γ chains were detected. These results indicate that γ chains assemble in vivo with α chains prior to forming stable γ2 dimers, possibly binding to α chains as partially folded nascent γ-globin chains prior to release from polyribosomes.