Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Derivation and comparison of formulae for the adjustment of total calcium

Background Free ionized calcium (Ca2+) is the biologically active component of total calcium (TCa) and hence responsible for its biological action. TCa is routinely adjusted for albumin using several formulae (e.g. James, Orell, Payne and Berry) to more closely reflect Ca2+. Here, we derive a novel formula to estimate Ca2+ and compare its performance to established formulae. Methods Cohort for prediction of Ca2+ : 2806 serum samples (TCa) taken contemporaneously with blood gas samples (Ca2+) at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust were used to derive formulae to estimate Ca2+ using multivariable linear regression. Cohort for prediction of PTH: Performance of novel and existing formulae to predict PTH in 5510 patients was determined by Spearman correlation. Results Ca2+ prediction Cohort: Adjusted calcium (r2 = 0.269) was less strongly associated with Ca2+, than TCa (r2 = 0.314). Prediction of Ca2+ from a newly derived formula incorporating TCa, potassium, albumin, and hematocrit had an improved r2 of 0.327, whereas inclusion of all available parameters increased the r2 further to 0.364. Of the established formulae, James performed best in predicting Ca2+ (r2 = 0.27). PTH prediction cohort: Berry resulted in higher whereas Orell in lower adjusted calcium levels. Prediction of PTH was strongest in the setting of hypercalcemia, with James having the highest Spearman correlation coefficient (+0.496) similar to including all parameters (+0.499). Conclusion Adjustment of calcium for albumin using established formulae does not always outperform unadjusted TCa in the reflection of Ca2+. Further prospective studies are needed to optimise adjustment of TCa and to establish bounds for validity.
A 3-year study of Candida infections among patients with malignancy: etiologic agents and antifungal susceptibility profile

Objective Opportunistic fungal infections by Candida species arise among cancer patients due to the weakened immune system following extensive chemotherapy. Prophylaxis with antifungal agents have developed the resistance of Candida spp. to antifungals. Accurate identification of yeasts and susceptibility patterns are main concerns that can directly effect on the treatment of patients. Methods Over a period of three years, 325 cancer patients suspected to Candida infections were included in the current investigation. The clinical isolates were molecularly identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). All strains, were examined for in vitro susceptibility to the amphotericin B, itraconazole, fluconazole, and anidulafungin according to the CLSI M27 document. Results Seventy-four cancer patients had Candida infections (22.7%). Candida albicans was the most common species (83.8%). Antifungal susceptibility results indicated that 100% of the Candida isolates were sensitive to amphotericin B; however, 17.6%, 9.4%, and 5.4% of clinical isolates were resistant to anidulafungin, fluconazole, and itraconazole, respectively. Conclusion The findings of the present work shows a warning increase in resistance to echinocandins. Since all fluconazole resistance isolates were obtained from candidemia, we recommend amphotericin B as the first line therapy for this potentially fatal infection.
Altered functional connectivity of the primary motor cortex in tremor dominant and postural instability gait difficulty subtypes of early drug-naive Parkinson’s disease patients

Background The primary motor cortex (M1) is an important hub in the motor circuitry of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the subregions’ function and their correlation to tremor dominant (TD) and postural instability and gait disturbance (PIGD) with PD remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether the functional connectivity (FC) of the M1 subregions varied between the PD and PIGD subtypes. Methods We recruited 28 TD patients, 49 PIGD patients, and 42 healthy controls (HCs). M1 was divided into 12 regions of interest using the Human Brainnetome Atlas template to compare FC among these groups. Results Compared with HCs, TD and PIGD patients exhibited increased FC between the left upper limb region (A4UL_L) and the right caudate nucleus (CAU)/left putamen (PUT), between the right A4UL (A4UL_R) and the left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri (ACG)/bilateral cerebellum4_5 (CRBL4_5)/left PUT/right CAU/left supramarginal gyrus/left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), as well as decreased connectivity between the A4UL_L and the left postcentral gyrus and the bilateral cuneus, and between the A4UL_R and the right inferior occipital gyrus. TD patients showed increased FC between the right caudal dorsolateral area 6 (A6CDL_R) and the left ACG/right MFG, between the A4UL_L and the right CRBL6/right middle frontal gyrus, orbital part/bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, and orbital part (ORBinf), and between the A4UL_R and the left ORBinf/right MFG/right insula (INS). PIGD patients displayed increased connectivity between the A4UL_L and the left CRBL4_5. Compared with PIGD patients, TD patients exhibited increased connectivity between the A6CDL_R and the left ACG/right MFG and between the A4UL_R and the left ACG/left ORBinf/right INS/right MFG. Furthermore, in TD and PIGD groups, the FC strength between the A6CDL_R and right MFG was negatively correlated with PIGD scores, while the FC strength between the A4UL_R and left ORBinf/right INS was positively correlated with TD scores and tremor scores. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that early TD and PIGD patients share some common injury and compensatory mechanisms. TD patients occupied more resources in the MFG, ORBinf, INS, and ACG, which can be used as biomarkers to distinguish them from PIGD patients.
Equation of Penetration and Crater Growth by Shaped Charge Jet under the Influence of Shock Wave

When the penetration velocity is greater than the sound speed,a shock wave will be formed which leads the state parameters of the material change after shock wave front.As the shock wave affects the process of jet penetration and crater growth,Bernoulli equation can not be used directly across shock wave front.On the basis of considering the influence of shock wave during jet penetration,the mechanical properties of axial penetration and radial crater growth are analyzed in the process of shaped charge jet penetration,and the propagation and strength degradation of shock wave are assumed.The penetration model is established for the two cases of the penetration velocities greater or less than the sound speed of target respectively and a new equation of shaped charge jet penetration and radial crater growth is proposed.Compared with Szendrei-Held model,the results show that this model is more suitable for the experimental data of Held et al.Moreover,the influence of shock wave on axial penetration is much smaller than that on the radial crater growth.
Limitations for thermodynamical processing of coherences

Piotr Cwiklinski1,2, Michal Studzinski1,2, Michal Horodecki1,2 and Jonathan Oppenheim3 1 Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Gdansk, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland 2 National Quantum Information Centre of Gdansk, 81-824 Sopot, Poland 3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College of London, and London Interdisciplinary Network for Quantum Science, London WC1E 6BT, UK (Dated: May 23, 2014)
Renewable Poly(Lactic Acid)Lignocellulose Biocomposites for the Enhancement of the Water Retention Capacity of the Soil

This manuscript details the preparation and characterization of a renewable biocomposite material intended as a soil conditioner based on low-molecular-weight poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and residual biomass (wheat straw and wood sawdust). The swelling properties and biodegradability of the PLA-lignocellulose composite under environmental conditions were evaluated as indicators of its potential for applications in soil. Its mechanical and structural properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the incorporation of lignocellulose waste material into PLA increased the swelling ratio of the biocomposite by up to 300%. The application of the biocomposite of 2 wt% in soil enhanced its capacity for water retention by 10%. In addition, the cross-linked structure of the material proved to be capable of swelling and deswelling repeatedly, indicating its good reusability. Incorporating lignocellulose waste in the PLA enhanced its stability in the soil environment. After 50 days of the experiment, almost 50% of the sample had degraded in the soil.
Contribution of Landscape Transformation in the Development of Heat Islands and Sinks in Urban and Peri-Urban Regions in the Chota–Nagpur Plateau, India

Cities in the contemporary world are experiencing shifts in local climatic conditions that are primarily linked to rapid urban growth, carbon emissions, and environmental degradation. In the present study, land surface temperature (LST) in urban and peri-urban regions of the city of Ranchi was estimated and correlated with land use/land cover (LULC) using temporal LANDSAT satellite images from 2000 to 2014 on a bi-annual basis. The study exhibited a gradual increase in built-up land with total growth of 47.65 sq. km (135%) at the cost of vegetation (−6.8%), rock outcrops (−44.16%), and other LULCs (0.81%). Spatiotemporal LST variability exhibited an increase in area under high-temperature (>38 °C) zones as compared to moderate (30 °C to 38 °C) and low-temperature (<30 °C) zones. Although the LST distinctively escalated in all LULC in the month of May from 2000 to 2014, urban areas exhibited cooler conditions than their environs at a regional scale, except for 2006. A higher surface temperature was observed over bare rock (min./max.: 28–43 °C), fallow land (25–42 °C), and industrial built-up areas (31–43 °C), followed by vegetation (24–34 °C) and waterbodies (22–30 °C). The rapid land transformation to an impervious surface, degradation of vegetation coverage and its health, deforestation due to urbanization, the dumping of non-treated wastewater into reservoirs, and pollution altogether led to an increase in urban heat islands (UHI). The study demonstrated that the LST increased in urban regions but appeared cooler than those of its peri-urban counterparts because of the presence of barren land and rock outcrops. The existing tenancy act had an indirect impact on maintaining natural landscapes and controlling the LST within the Ranchi region. The study recommends nature-based solutions in terms of plantation and green roofing within the rising LST zones located in the urban core and in peripheral rock outcrops collectively to minimize the rising impact of LST in urban and peri-urban regions.
Potential technical parameters for the authentication of carrion meat (tiren): A review

Assuring halal status of animal-based foods is an ongoing challenge in Indonesia. An adequate halal food supply will make it easier for the people to obtain halal-certified foods that contain animal products. The government must reach an agreement on quality infrastructure for its supply chain, considering that basic foodstuffs are the essential ingredients for all edible derivatives. One major obstacle in implementing halal assurance for the consumer is the presence of carrion meat (raw or processed) in the market. The testing standards for the authentication of carrion meat are currently not a priority for either cattle or poultry. Therefore, the aim of this review was to identify important procedures that some experts have carried out for the detection or testing of carrion meat. The information and data collected and analysed may provide potential technical parameters for detecting carrion meat. This review used a descriptive exploratory method and the forum group discussion. As a preliminary result, 14 potential technical parameters were obtained and tested with further verification and evaluation. The technical parameters studied included malachite green-H2O2, correlated protein with meat texture, peroxiredoxin-6, blood biochemistry, blood pH, capacitance value, meat colour, Warner-Bratzler shear force, blood loss variation, meat quality, water holding capacity (WHC), resistance value, E. coli load, and coliform load. The proposed parameters will be discussed by the technical committee by consensus when submitted to the national standard draft.
Strategies in training deep learning models to extract building from multisource images with small training sample sizes

ABSTRACT Building extraction from remote sensing data is an important topic in urban studies and the deep learning methods have an increasing role due to their minimal requirements in training data to reach outstanding performance. We aimed to investigate the original U-Net architecture’s efficiency in building segmentation with different number of training images and the role of data augmentation based on multisource remote sensing data with varying spatial and spectral resolutions (WorldView-2 [WV2], WorldView-3 [WV3] images and an aerial orthophoto [ORTHO]). When the trainings and predictions were conducted on the same image, U-Net provided good results with very few training images (validation accuracies: 94-97%; 192 images). Combining the ORTHO’s and WV2’s training data for prediction on WV3 provided poor results with low F1-score (0.184). However, the inclusion of only 48 WV3 training images significantly improved the F1-score (0.693), thus, most buildings were correctly identified. Accordingly, using only independent reference data (other than the target image) is not enough to train an accurate model. In our case, the reference from WW2 and ORTHO images did not provide an acceptable basis to train a good model, but a minimal number of training images from the targeted WV3 improved the accuracy (F1-score: 69%).
Can Y(4140) be a cc̄ss̄ tetraquark

In this exploratory study the spectrum of tetraquarks of type ccss is calculated within a simple quark model with chromomagnetic interaction and effective quark masses extracted from meson and baryon spectra. It is tempting to see if this spectrum can accommodate the resonance Y(4140), observed by the CDF Collaboration, but not yet confirmed. The results seem to favor the J PC = 1 ++ sector where the coupling to the VV channel is nearly as small as that of X(3872), when described as a ccqq tetraquark. This suggests that Y(4140) could possibly be the strange partner of X(3872) in a tetraquark interpretation. However, the sector J PC = 0 ++ cannot entirely be excluded. This work questions the practice of extracting effective quark masses containing spin-independent contributions, from mesons and baryons, to be used in multiquark systems as well.
How do Gender and Social-Interaction Environment Affect Fraud Perception?

The trend of women choosing a profession in the accounting field is increasing. Based on data from the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) it turns out that 50 percent of accounting graduates are women. The increase affects the development of the number of women who pursue the accounting profession. In 1996 it was recorded that 25 percent of public accountant certificate holders in America were women. Audit quality is needed so that auditing standards become audit guidelines. The phenomenon in the world of auditor practice is still showing various reductions in audit quality (reduced audit quality). There are 2 gender models, (1) equality and complementary contribution models, (2) Sex Role Stereotypes and Managerial Stereotypes. The first model assumes that there are no differences between men and women as professionals in management and that of women, thereby describing equal access. The second model between men and women have different abilities so that they need differences in managing and different in assessing, recording, and combining to produce a synergy. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of gender and social interaction on perceptions of fraud among government auditors. Questionnaires were used for data collection. The research sample is auditors at the Inspectorate of South Kalimantan Province. A sample of 100 auditor respondents was used to prove the hypothesis. The results of the study state that auditor gender diversity has a significant effect on the perception of fraud, where female auditors have a higher perception of fraud. This means that female auditors have higher ethical behavior so that there is a tendency for female auditors to have higher perceptions of fraud. Social interaction also has a positive and significant effect on the perception of fraud. This means that the auditor in good association, in a religious environment will have a positive ethical view so that he will view fraud as something wrong and illegal.
Antitumoral and Immunogenic Capacity of β-D-Glucose—Reduced Silver Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of cell death capable of stimulating immunity against cancer through danger signals that lead to an adaptive immune response. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been shown to have a cytotoxic effect on cancer cells; however, their mechanism of action is not fully understood. The present study synthesized, characterized, and evaluated the cytotoxic effect of beta-D-glucose-reduced AgNPs (AgNPs-G) against breast cancer (BC) cells in vitro; and assess the immunogenicity of cell death in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that AgNPs-G induce cell death in a dose-dependent manner on BC cell lines. In addition, AgNPs show antiproliferative effects by interfering with the cell cycle. Regarding the detection of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), it was found that treatment with AgNPs-G induces calreticulin exposure and the release of HSP70, HSP90, HMGB1, and ATP. In vivo, prophylactic vaccination did not prevent tumor establishment; however, tumor weight was significantly lower in AgNPs-G vaccinated mice, while the survival rate increased. In conclusion, we have developed a new method for the synthesis of AgNPs-G, with in vitro antitumor cytotoxic activity on BC cells, accompanied by the release of DAMPs. In vivo, immunization with AgNPs-G failed to induce a complete immune response in mice. Consequently, additional studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of cell death that leads to the design of strategies and combinations with clinical efficacy.
Asian American Men’s Gendered Racial Socialization and Fragmented Masculinity: Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis

We investigated the messages, ideals, and critical experiences that constitute gendered racial socialization for Asian American men (AAM) throughout their development. We employed interpretive phenomenology to analyze interview data from 15 sociodemographically diverse AAM. We identified seven themes: (a) intergenerational parental ideologies, (b) geographic and neighborhood influences, (c) multilevel gendered racism, (d) silencing of gendered racial experiences, (e) survival by identity erasure, (f) rare experiences of affirmation, and (g) fragmented masculinity. Results illustrated a social developmental ecology of highly adverse lifetime experiences—comprised of gendered racism, shame and internalized oppression, thwarted attempts to perform hegemonic masculinity ideals, and minimal access to communities and resources for AAM’s identity affirmation in the United States—that may engender fragmented masculinity, or identity disintegration beleaguered by incommensurable gendered expectations across heritage ethnic and dominant cultures. Implications include systemic interventions to eliminate gendered racism and promote narratives and socialization practices that affirm AAM.
Orbital Integrals in Reductive Groups

Let G be a connected reductive linear algebraic group defined over a (nondiscrete) locally compact field k of characteristic zero, and G be its group of k-rational points. If O(x) = {yxy': y e G} is the orbit of x, then it is known2 that O(x) is locally compact (in the Hausdorff topology of G) and homeomorphic to G/G,. The isotropy subgroup Gx is known to be unimodular ([2], p. 235) and so the space G/GX carries a G-invariant Radon measure dy*(y* =yGx). A question that seems to be of some importance in harmonic analysis is, whether this measure, transplanted to the orbit O(x), is a Radon measure in G, i.e., is finite for compact subsets of G. If this is the case then the integral
Analysis of GNSS-R Code-Level Altimetry Using QZSS C/A, L1C, and BDS B1C Signals and Their Combinations in a Coastal Experiment

The fully completed Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) can provide higher precision code observations owing to their advanced signal modulation. However, the performance of Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) code-level altimetry using the new codes is rarely be tested. In this study, interoperable signals with the frequency of 1575.42 MHz, i.e., L1C/A and L1C from QZSS and B1C from BDS, were tested for GNSS-R altimetry simultaneously for the first time. Moreover, a joint weighted GNSS-R altimetry method is proposed to improve retrieval precision based on combinations of the path delays obtained from different signals. To investigate the performance of the signals and their combinations, a ground-based GNSS-R altimetry experiment was conducted and raw intermediate-frequency data were collected over several hours. These data were processed using a software-defined receiver to compute the path delay between the direct and reflected signals. Solutions were derived separately for each code and their combinations. Through comparison with reflector heights obtained from an in situ 26 GHz radar gauge, results showed that the performance of GNSS-R altimetry based on binary offset carrier modulation signals was better than that from binary phase-shift keying. Moreover, results from the joint weighted GNSS-R altimetry method showed further improvement in altimetry precision.
Lithosphere tearing and foundering during continental subduction: Insights from Oligocene−Miocene magmatism in southern Tibet

The distribution of Oligo−Miocene magmatic rocks from southern Tibet in space and time yields critical information on the geometry and deformation of the subducted Indian lithosphere which impacts on plateau growth following the India and Eurasia collision. A growing body of geophysical evidence has shown that the subducted Indian lithosphere beneath the Tibetan Plateau has been torn apart. However, the spatiotemporal distribution and cause of the tearing remain enigmatic. Timing of the post-collisional magmatic rocks in southern Tibet exhibits four patterns of decreasing ages; magmatism began earlier in the west and east Himalayan syntaxis and evolved to two age undulations in the central southern Tibet. Seismic images show that regions of slab window (both 90°E and 84°E) and flattened subducted lithosphere (both 86°E and 81°E) are present at depth of 135 km. Correspondingly, increasing mineral crystallization temperatures (absolute value of 50 °C) were recorded in the Oligo−Miocene ultrapotassic-potassic rocks at 90°E and 84°E, while opposing trends were shown by coeval ultrapotassic-potassic rocks at 86°E and 81°E. Besides, the melting depth of the Oligo−Miocene ultrapotassic-potassic primitive melts decreases from nearly 100 km to 70 km between 81°E and 90°E, probably indicating progressive rising of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. Such variations were possibly the results of the focused flow and upwelling of asthenosphere, which advanced rapidly but diachronously through weakened and torn sectors within the overlying Indian slab. The upwellings probably induced diachronously upward bending of the residual Indian slab and its flattening, which accelerated the tearing of the Indian lithosphere during continental subduction.