Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time-Varying Elasticities of Import Demand: the Cases of Czech Republic and Hungary

This paper aims to examine price and income elasticity of import demand in Czech Republic and Hungary while allowing parameters of import demand to vary over time. Research sample consists of quarterly time series data the first quarter of 1996 to the third quarter of 2018. The results were obtained following state space model with time-varying parameters approach. The results revealed import demand elastic to changes in income in both countries while the elasticity was found to be higher in Hungary comparing to Czech Republic. Elasticity of import demand to changes relative prices were found in Hungary while in case of Czech Republic the price elasticity estimates indicated convergence of prices. Based on the empirical results from this research, the paper brings country-specific policy implications. INTRODUCTION Understanding elasticity of substitution between domestic and foreign goods is one of the most important issues for any economy. Underlying literature assumes imperfect substitutes between domestic and foreign goods and empirical findings mostly imply higher income elasticity comparing to price elasticity of import demand. Following Crucini and Davis (2016) due to capital reallocation, the demand would be shifted towards lower prices only in a long run. Crucini and Davis (2016) pointed out that domestic and foreign goods are poor substitutes in a short run, while in the long run the substitutability increases. Hungary and Czech Republic are selected due to dynamic path from centrally planned economies to European Union (EU) member countries. Following Gagyi (2016), Hungary restructured its economy from import substitution to export-led specialization in Hungarian economy through reforms directed
NSS_A_270191 661..669

1College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia Background and Objectives: Changes in autonomic cardiac activity during night sleep are well documented. However, there is limited information regarding changes in the autonomic cardiac profile during daytime naps. Heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) are reliable measures of autonomic cardiac activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in HRV and BRS during daytime naps in healthy men. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 25 healthy men. Polysomnographic recording with electrocardiogram monitoring was conducted for all volunteers during a 50–80 min nap between 3.30 pm and 5.30 pm. Five-minute segments during pre-nap wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages (N1, N2, and N3), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stage, and post-nap wakefulness were used to measure changes in the variation in HRV parameters, including inter-beat interval (RR-interval), total spectral power (TP), highfrequency power (HF), low-frequency power (LF), and low frequency/high-frequency ratio (LF/HF). BRS was also measured for 10 min during preand post-nap wakefulness using finger arterial pressure measurement (Finometer Pro ). Results: HRV increased significantly during NREM sleep compared with that during prenap wakefulness (p < 0.05), as reflected by RR-interval prolongation, higher HF, and increased HFnu (normalized units). Furthermore, there was a parallel reduction in TP, LF, and LF/HF ratio during NREM sleep, indicating parasympathetic predominance over cardiac autonomic activity. HF and HFnu were significantly reduced during REM sleep compared with that during NREM sleep (p < 0.05). BRS did not show significant differences between preand post-nap wakefulness. Conclusion: We observed a progressive increase in parasympathetic activity during daytime sleep as NREM sleep deepened compared with that during wakefulness and REM sleep. Daytime nap may have a favorable cardiovascular impact.
EFFECT OF PINCHING AND SPACING ON GROWTH PARAMETERS OF AFRICAN MARIGOLD (TAGETS ERECTA L.)

The present experiment was laid out during the winter season of the year 2016-17 at the Garden of Department of Horticulture, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur (UP). There were four level of pinching i.e., P Control (no pinching), P pinching at 30 days after transplanting, P pinching at 40 days after 0 1 2 transplanting and P pinching at 50 days after transplanting and three different spacing i.e., D (45 cm X 20 cm), 3 1 D (45 cm X 30 cm) and D (45 cm X 40 cm), thus there was total twelve treatment. Effect of pinching and spacing was 2 3 observed on growth parameters and found that growth parameters like height of plant, number of branches per plant, fresh weight of plant and dry weight of plants of African marigold and found that plant height was maximum when pinching was not done and in case of spacing, 45 cm X 20 cm was most favourable for plant height at different stage of plant growth. Interaction effect of spacing and pinching was non-significant on growth parameters. Fresh weight and dry weight were maximum in wider spacing and in case of pinching at 50 DAT over other pinching treatments.
Robust Generalization of Quadratic Neural Networks via Function Identification

A key challenge facing deep learning is that neural networks are often not robust to shifts in the underlying data distribution. We study this problem from the perspective of the statistical concept of parameter identification. Generalization bounds from learning theory often assume that the test distribution is close to the training distribution. In contrast, if we can identify the"true"parameters, then the model generalizes to arbitrary distribution shifts. However, neural networks typically have internal symmetries that make parameter identification impossible. We show that we can identify the function represented by a quadratic network even though we cannot identify its parameters; we extend this result to neural networks with ReLU activations. Thus, we can obtain robust generalization bounds for neural networks. We leverage this result to obtain new bounds for contextual bandits and transfer learning with quadratic neural networks. Overall, our results suggest that we can improve robustness of neural networks by designing models that can represent the true data generating process.
The consequences of a high-calorie diet background before calorie restriction on skeletal muscles in a mouse model

The beneficial effects of calorie restriction (CR) are numerous. However, there is no scientific evidence about how a high-calorie diet (HCD) background influences the mechanisms underlying CR on skeletal muscles in an experimental mouse model. Herein we present empirical evidence showing significant interactions between HCD (4 months) and CR (3 months). Pectoralis major and quadriceps femoris vastus medialis, in the experimental and control groups, displayed metabolic and physiologic heterogeneity and remarkable plasticity, according to the dietary interventions. HCD-CR not only altered genetic activation patterns of satellite SC markers but also boosted the expression of myogenic regulatory factors and key activators of mitochondrial biogenesis, which in turn were also associated with metabolic fiber transition. Our data prompt us to theorize that the effects of CR may vary according to the physiologic, metabolic, and genetic peculiarities of the skeletal muscle described here and that INTM/IM lipid infiltration and tissue-specific fuel-energy status (demand/supply) both hold dependent-interacting roles with other key anti-aging mechanisms triggered by CR. Systematic integration of an HCD with CR appears to bring potential benefits for skeletal muscle function and energy metabolism. However, at this stage of our research, an optimal balance between the two dietary conditions, where anti-aging effects can be accomplished, is under intensive investigation in combination with other tissues and organs at different levels of organization within the organ system.
WHAT ARE THE DETERMINANTS OF CONSUMERS' ONLINE REVIEWS ADOPTION FOR HOTEL BOOKINGS: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING APPROACH

Experienced travelers share their reviews regarding hotel services which serve as a testimony for novice travelers and help them to make their decision whether to book that hotel or not. The current study aims to identify the various factors affecting the intentions of travelers for online hotel bookings. Data was collected from 419 respondents who adopt online reviews published on online travel aggregators for online hotel bookings. The respondents for this study are taken from Delhi. Further, the hypotheses of this study were validated with the help of structural equation modeling (SEM) using partial least squares (PLS). The paper found Information quality; Source credibility, Information sidedness, and Information consistency are the significant predictor of traveler’s Information usefulness for hotel bookings. Further, the relationship between Information usefulness and online hotel bookings intentions was also found statically significant. This study has provided implications for hotel managers that hotel managers should continue to monitor the negative reviews and take some necessary actions to overcome these issues. As well as they should focus on their service quality which helps them to make their customers happy and encourage them to upload positive reviews. This study analyzed the travelers’ adoption of usergenerated reviews from online travel aggregators for online hotel bookings by using an information adoption model with additional constructs.
Re-examination and expanding the EUCS Model on Cloud-based ERP system

The end-user computing satisfaction model (EUCS) has been widely used in previous studies, and Enterprise Resource Planning. Therefore, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System, need to be developed in accordance with cloud computing that dominate current information technology devices. This study was carried out to test the expansion of the EUCS model in a cloud-based ERP system. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to re-examine the validity and reliability of the computer application satisfaction model and its relationship with user performance in cloud-based ERP system. The overall satisfaction variable is added as a mediation between the satisfaction model and user performance. Data was collected through snowball sampling with a questionnaire distributed to the cloud-based ERP users. Additionally, data processing was conducted using the Second-order concept in structural equation modeling with the Partial Least Square approach. Since data processing using WarpPLS confirmed the validity and reliability of the model and all relationships between variables, this research contributes theoretically to the study of end-user satisfaction from information technology applications. Its final section describes the limitations and opportunities for future research.
Clinical manifestations and pregnancy outcomes of COVID-19 in indonesian referral hospital in central pandemic area

Objectives:. The data on clinical manifestations and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 are limited, particularly in developing countries. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical manifestations and pregnancy outcomes in COVID-19 maternal cases in a large referral hospital in Indonesia Methods: The study used a prospective cohort design of all pregnant women with suspected COVID-19. Subjects were divided into COVID-19 and non COVID-19 group based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of SARS-CoV-2. The clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and pregnancy outcomes were then compared between both groups. Results: From 141 suspected maternal cases, 62 COVID-19 cases were confirmed (43.9%), while 79 suspected cases were found to be negative (56.1%). The clinical manifestations and laboratory findings between the two groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). However, the maternal mortality directly caused by COVID-19 was significantly higher compared to the non-COVID-19 group (8.3 vs 1.3%; p=0.044; OR 6.91, 95% CI: 0.79-60.81). Conclusions: The clinical manifestation and laboratory of suspected pregnant women with positive and negative RT-PCR COVID-19 result are similiar. However, within the Indonesian setting, COVID-19 strongly increases the risk of maternal death through both direct and indirect factors.
Differential pre-pandemic IgA reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 and circulating human coronaviruses measured in milk collected in Uganda and the USA

Objective: Uganda, like other African countries, has registered fewer COVID-19 cases and deaths per capita than non-African countries. The lower numbers of cases and deaths in Uganda might be due to pre-existing cross-immunity induced by zoonotic coronaviruses or circulating common cold human coronaviruses (HCoVs) before the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to test this premise, we compared IgA reactivity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and HCoVs in breast milk of US and rural Ugandan mothers collected in 2018 before the COVID-19 epidemic. Method: Ugandan and US pre-pandemic breast milk samples were run in duplicate on enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) to measure specific IgA antibody reactivity to the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2, human coronaviruses (HCoV) NL63, OC43, HKU1, and 229E. Pooled plasma from US COVID-19 positive and negative cases were employed as positive and negative controls, respectively. Results: One Ugandan pre-pandemic milk sample had remarkably high reactivity against all HCoVs and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. There was higher IgA reactivity against the betacoronavirus HCoV-OC43 in Ugandan pre-pandemic milk samples by comparison with US pre-pandemic milk samples (p = 0.018). By contrast, there was significantly higher IgA reactivity against the alphacoronaviruses HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 in US pre-pandemic milk samples by comparison with Ugandan pre-pandemic milk samples (p < 0.0001 and 0.035, respectively). Conclusion: Some Ugandan mothers may have robust pre-existing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 due to cross-immunity induced by HCoVs which may be passed on to their infants via breastfeeding. The differential pre-pandemic reactivity of US mothers to HCoV 229E and HCoV NL63 may have contributed to suboptimal antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.
Metacognition in functional cognitive disorder

Functional cognitive disorder (FCD) is common but underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Metacognition, an individual's ability to reflect on and monitor cognitive processes, is likely to be relevant. Local metacognition refers to an ability to estimate confidence in cognitive performance on a moment-to-moment basis, whereas global metacognition refers to long-run self-evaluations of overall performance. Using a novel protocol comprising task-based measures and hierarchical Bayesian modelling, we compared local and global metacognitive performance in individuals with FCD and evaluated interactions between these levels of metacognition. We also investigated how local and global metacognition were related to the presence of affective symptomatology. Eighteen participants with FCD were recruited to this cross-sectional study. Participants completed computerised tasks that enabled local metacognitive efficiency for perception and memory to be measured using the hierarchical meta-d' (HMeta-d) model within a signal detection theory framework. Participants also completed the Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ) measuring global metacognition (beliefs about memory performance), and questionnaires measuring anxiety and depression. Estimates of local metacognitive efficiency were compared to those estimated from two control groups who had undergone comparable metacognitive tasks. Global metacognition scores were compared to existing normative data. A hierarchical regression model was used to evaluate associations between global metacognition, depression and anxiety and local metacognitive efficiency, while simple linear regressions were used to evaluate whether affective symptomatology and local metacognitive confidence were associated with global metacognition. Participants with FCD had intact local metacognition for perception and memory when compared to controls, with the 95% highest-density intervals for metacognitive efficiency overlapping with the two control groups in both cognitive domains. FCD participants had significantly lower global metacognition scores compared to normative data; MMQ-Ability (t=6.54, p<0.0001) and MMQ- Satisfaction (t=5.04, p<0.0001). Mood scores, global metacognitive measures and metacognitive bias were not significantly associated with local metacognitive efficiency. Increased local metacognitive bias ({beta}= -0.20 (SE=0.09), q= 0.01) and higher depression scores as measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 ({beta}= -1.40 (SE=2.56), q= 0.01) were associated with lower global metacognition scores. We show that local metacognition is intact, whilst global metacognition is impaired, in FCD, suggesting a decoupling between the two metacognitive processes. In a Bayesian model, an aberrant prior (impaired global metacognition), may override bottom up sensory input (intact local metacognition), giving rise to the subjective experience of abnormal cognitive processing. Future work should further investigate the interplay between local and global metacognition in FCD and aim to identify a therapeutic target to recouple these processes.
Long term positivity of SARS-CoV-2 total immunoglobulins in convalescent plasma and blood donors

Background: One of the most questioned issues about SARS-CoV2 immunity is how long does it last. Whether lasting differences exist between infection and vaccination boosted immunity is yet to be known. The answer to this question will determine key issues such as the reliability of individual and herd immunity or the need of sanitary restrictions or periodical revaccination. The aim of this study was to determine how long total anti SARS-CoV2 antibodies due to past infection persist in peripheral blood and whether sex, age or haematological features can influence their lasting. Material and Methods: A total of 2432 donations SARS-CoV-2 from 662 repeat donors from April 2020 to February 2021 were analysed. Donors were 69.7% males and their average age was 46. An automated chemilumiscence immunoassay for total antibodies recognizing N protein of SARS-CoV-2 in human serum and plasma was performed. Results and discussion: In 97.6% donors with follow-up, anti SARS-CoV-2 protein N total antibodies remained positive up to 46 weeks after first positive determination. Blood group was not related to antibody waning. Lower lymphocyte counts and higher neutrophils and as well higher seric IgA would help predict future negativization of antibodies. The vast majority of donors keep their total immunoglobulins anti SARS-CoV-2 positive for longer than 10 months. Ageing might have a protective effect against antibody waning but, given the small number of cases that become negative, more studies, or larger cohorts would be needed to confirm these facts.
Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk for Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Disease in Ghana’s Northern Region A Cross-sectional Study of 4 Rural Districts using World Health Organization / International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) Risk Prediction Charts

Ghana is experiencing an increase in cardiovascular (CVD) -related mortality with poor rural communities suffering greater complications and premature deaths. The point of this exploratory research is to evaluate the prevalence of CVD risk factors and to calculate the cardiovascular risk among adults aged > 40 years in Ghana’s Northern Region. A cross-sectional study was performed with 536 subjects. A pre-tested questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and standardized WHO/ISH risk prediction charts assessed for 10-year risk of a fatal or non-fatal major cardiovascular event according to age, sex, blood pressure, smoking status, and diabetes mellitus status. Low, moderate and high CVD prevalence risk in females was 88.4%, 7.1%, and 4.5% while in males the prevalence was 91.3%, 5.8%, and 2.9%, respectively. Hypertension was noted as a clinically significant risk factor with females at 37.3% versus males at 32%. The 10-year risk of a fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event was statistically significant for females according to age group. A moderate to high CVD risk of a fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event was found in 10.4% of subjects. Notable CVD risk factors included a high prevalence of hypertension. Decentralizing care to local village healthcare facilities is one way to tackle cardiovascular risk reduction. Task shifting of primary care duties from physicians to nurses in terms of cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment and management of uncomplicated CV risk factors is a potential solution to the acute shortage of trained health staffs for the control and prevention of CVD in Northern Ghana.
Corneal Effects of Small Incision Extracapsular Cataract Extraction Versus Phacoemulsification

Purpose: To study the safety of small incision extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and phacoemulsification on the cornea. Methods: Sixty eyes of sixty patients were included in the study. Stop and chop phacoemulsification was performed in Thirty eyes while small incision extracapsular cataract extraction was performed in the other thirty eyes. All subjects underwent complete ophthalmological examination, nuclear grading, ultrasound, specular microscopy and corneal pachymetry. Results: There were increase in corneal thickness in both groups. The difference between the two groups was insignificant. The density of endothelial cells decreased postoperative without any significant difference between two groups. Significant and equal endothelial cell losses occur following both studied techniques. Nuclear grade have positive correlation with higher endothelial cell loss. Age, sex and axial length (AL) do not affect endothelial cell loss (ECL). Conclusion: Stop and chop technique is easier and has earlier postoperative visual recovery than ECCE.
Technological Growth and Hours in the Long Run: Theory and Evidence

Over the last decades, hours worked per capita have declined substantially in many OECD economies. Using a neoclassical growth model with endogenous work-leisure choice, we assess the role of trend growth slowdown in accounting for the decline in hours worked. In the model, a permanent reduction in technological growth decreases steady state hours worked by increasing the consumption-output ratio. Our empirical analysis exploits cross-country variation in the timing and the size of the decline in technological growth to show that technological growth has a highly significant positive effect on hours. A decline in the long-run trend of technological growth by one percentage point is associated with a decline in trend hours worked in the range of one to three percent. This result is robust to controlling for taxes, which have been found in previous studies to be an important determinant of hours. Our empirical finding is quantitatively in line with the one implied by a calibrated version of the model, though evidence for the model’s implication that the effect on hours works via changes in the consumption-output ratio is rather mixed.