Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of (weighted) essentially non‐oscillatory advection schemes in a mesoscale model

Plain and weighted essentially non‐oscillatory advection schemes (ENO and WENO) are implemented in the atmospheric model METRAS to solve the advective terms in the momentum equations. They are an alternative to the currently used centred differences that are stabilized by a Shapiro filter. For the (W)ENO schemes, two approaches are tested for reconstructing the advective fluxes on an Arakawa‐C grid. The resulting four second‐order (one filtered and three unfiltered) and two (unfiltered) third‐order numerical schemes are tested for three different types of test case, i.e. one type consisting of three idealized density current cases, one case with stationary mountain waves and one case with land–sea breeze combined with mountain–valley wind circulations (LSBM). The results are compared to each other and to results of METRAS with centred differences (CDF). When using uniform grids, one of the (W)ENO schemes is ruled out as it turns out to be unstable. The (W)ENO results as well as the CDF result are altogether plausible. They are very similar for stationary and non‐convective situations. For convective situations (case LSBM) the results are spread leading to a multi‐numerics ensemble. By comparison of the results of the filtered and unfiltered second‐order ENO scheme, it is shown that one reason for the spread is the Shapiro filter. As the filter is only meant to stabilize the solution, it must be assumed that the changes caused by the filter are artificial. A grid with step‐wise changes in mesh size tested for the density current identifies some shortcomings in the numerical schemes. On this grid the CDF solution contains a large amount of non‐physical oscillation while the (W)ENO schemes show reasonable results. When using the second‐order (W)ENO schemes, the total CPU time is not much larger than for the CDF scheme. Therefore, two second‐order (W)ENO schemes are recommended for step‐wise changes in mesh size. The use of the third‐order (W)ENO schemes is not justifiable as they do not provide considerably better results and may need more total CPU time. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Stability of natural convection in a vertical slot

The stability of natural convection of a viscous fluid in a vertical slot having isothermal side walls of different temperatures is investigated analytically. Both the conduction and boundary-layer régimes are found to be unstable with respect to stationary disturbances in the form of multicellular secondary flows. Theoretical predictions of the critical Rayleigh number and of the form of the secondary flow are verified by experimental measurements.
Correlation of HbA1c with Serum Iron & Transferrin Saturation in Non-Diabetic Patients with Iron Deficiency

Objective: To determine correlation of HbA1c with serum iron and transferrin saturation in non-diabetic patients with iron deficiency. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Dr Ruth KM Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi from 15th September 2021 to 14th March 2022, on non-diabetic patients based on fasting blood sugar (FBS) of <100 mg/dl. Patients were divided into two groups. Group one included patients having iron deficiency anemia (ID), whereas group two included same number of age and sex matched healthy subjects taken as controls, without ID. Blood sample was taken for HbA1c, CBC, serum iron and total iron binding capacity. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) was calculated. Comparison of quantitative variables with ID and non-ID group was done by Student’s t-test. Correlation of HbA1c with iron &TSAT was done in both groups using Kendal tau-b test, as data was not normally distributed. Results: Out of 230 patients, 83 (36.1%) were males while 147(63.9%) were females. Mean age of patients was 43.7±13.28 years. Mean HbA1c level was significantly high in ID group (5.89±0.43) as compared to non-ID group (5.52±0.50) with a p-value <. 001. The HbA1c levels correlated negatively with hemoglobin, serum iron levels and transferrin saturation with a p-value <. 001. Conclusion: Low serum Iron and TSAT was related to elevation in HbA1c value. Iron deficiency needs to be corrected before HbA1c interpretation.
Amplitude fluctuations due to diffraction and refraction in anisotropic random media: implications for seismic scattering attenuation estimates

SUMMARY We calculate the variance of the log-amplitude within the Rytov approximation for plane waves propagating in weakly inhomogeneous and statistically anisotropic random media. Since there is a simple relation between the log-amplitude variance and the attenuation coefficient of seismic primaries in the weak wavefield fluctuation regime, we also obtain scattering attenuation estimates that additionally depend on the aspect ratio of longitudinal and transverse correlation scales of the inhomogeneities. These estimates can be useful for the statistical characterization of anisotropic, large-scale inhomogeneities (large compared with the wavelength of the probing pulse) in the Earth crust and mantle, such as fault zones. With the help of planewave-transmission numerical experiments using the finite-difference method we compute the log-amplitude variance as a function of the propagation distance and observe reasonable agreement with the analytical results. We discuss the implications of our results in the context of seismic scattering attenuation estimations.
Modulation of Occipital Alpha Rhythm in Expert and Novice Surgeons Performing Suture

Background: Surgeons learn to perform highly repetitive suture movements. Simple movements elicit synchronization of the alpha frequency band (8–12 Hz) in occipital area, attributed to inhibition of task irrelevant areas. Yet, there is limited evidence on alpha amplitude in complex motor performance. In this study, we evaluated the impact of movement performance, expertise and task demand in the alpha power in occipital areas during suturing.
A mechanistic approach for interpreting hydroclimate from halite‐bearing sediments

Establishing accurate palaeo‐hydroclimatic reconstructions from lacustrine and marine archives is a long‐standing challenge in palaeoenvironment studies. Closed‐basin evaporites, and especially halite, record episodes of extremely arid conditions during rapid climate change. However, the complex limnological behaviour of deep hypersaline water bodies and the stochastic nature of the hydroclimatic regime and its variations limit detailed palaeo‐hydroclimatic interpretations from such records. Therefore, a mass‐balance model was developed to explore hydrology–limnology–sedimentology relationships in hypersaline environments under both deterministic and stochastic approaches that generates synthetic halite–mud sequences. Applying the model to the Holocene Dead Sea halites yields novel insights into palaeoenvironmental conditions in the Levant. The deterministic framework indicates that: (i) under a series of similar hydroclimatic cycles, the thickness of each subsequent halite interval decreases, due to the depletion of dissolved‐ions storage in the brine; (ii) halite deposition requires lake levels to drop below the minimal lake level of the preceding cycle; (iii) the time interval between halite deposition and the hydrological minimum is increasingly longer in subsequent cycles. Thus, counter‐intuitively, halite deposition mostly takes place as water discharge increases, providing that the water balance is still negative. The stochastic approach produced random sequences comparable to the observed Dead Sea sedimentary record. It demonstrates that some hydrological minima are not represented by halite deposition at all. Furthermore, the thickness and number of halite beds at each hydrological cycle vary substantially, depending on the specific hydrological conditions realized. Finally, these results imply that the major Dead Sea level drop at the pre‐Holocene deglaciation (ca 14 ka bp), previously assumed to be a record minimum, could not have been as pronounced as suggested, and must have been milder than the subsequent drop at the early Holocene (ca 11–10 ka bp).
The test-retest reliability of different ankle joint centerlocation techniques

Accurate and reliable joint identification is imperative for the collection of meaningful kinetic and kinematic data. Of the lower kinetic chain both the hip and knee joints have received a considerable amount of attention in 3D modelling. However, the reliability of methods to define the ankle joint center have received very little attention. This study investigated the reliability of the two marker method (TMM) and the functional ankle method (FAM) on estimating the ankle joint center. Furthermore, the effects of the two-marker method reliability for defining the ankle joint center when the ankle was covered with a brace or protector was investigated. 3D kinematic data was collected from ten participants (8 female and 2 male) whilst walking. The ankle joint center was defined twice using each test condition; TMM (WITHOUT), FAM (FUNCTIONAL), TMM when the ankle was covered with a brace (BRACE), and TMM when the ankle was covered with a protector (PROTECTOR). Intraclass correlations (ICC) were utilised to compare test and retest waveforms and paired samples t-tests were used to compare angular parameters. Significant differences were found in the test-retest angular parameters in the transverse and sagittal planes for the WITHOUT, BRACE, and FUNCTIONAL conditions. The strongest test-retest ICC’s were observed in the WITHOUT and PROTECTOR conditions. The findings of the current investigation indicate that there are fewer errors using the TMM when the ankle is uncovered or when covered with soft foam that is easy to palpate through. Keywords: Biomechanics, motion analysis, gait analysis, ankle, reliability
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PUBLICATIONS ON HEPATITIS D VIRUS PUBLISHED IN 1984–2022

Background: Hepatitis D virus research has advanced in recent decades. In this study, we aim to quantitatively analyze the scientific data in the field of "hepatitis D virus" by using bibliometric analysis. Methods: Research documents published in the Web of Science database between 1984 and 2022 were included in the study. The search keywords were "hepatitis D" or "hepatitis-D" or "HDV" or "hepatitis virus D. " The full record and cited references of documents extracted were converted to a "bibtex" file as well. The R-Studio software's Bibliometrix package and Biblioshinny application are used to perform the bibliometric analysis. Results: A total of 1530 publications written by 6042 authors were identified. Most of the publications were articles (62.81%). The number of published articles increased gradually, especially after 2008. The articles of the authors were mostly published in the United States, Germany, and China. The affiliation where the most studies were conducted was Hannover Medical School (8.82%). Also, the United States and Germany were found to be the main countries in the collaboration network. Mario Rizzetto was the author of the most published articles on HDV. The most frequently used words in the articles were "infection," "prevalence," and "b-virus. " Conclusion: Clinical and epidemiological studies on HDV were given more focus, while studies on treatment were less numerous. It can also be predicted that potent treatment options will increase more in the coming years, and the frequency of studies on this will increase.
Contributions towards a Fine Structure Theory of Aronszajn Orderings.

Contributions towards a fine structure theory of Aronszajn orderings. Carlos Martinez-Ranero Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Mathematics University of Toronto 2010 The purpose of this Thesis is to add to the structure theory of Aronszajn trees and Aronszjan lines. Focusing on the Gap-Structure of Aronszajn trees and giving a detailed description of the structure of Aronszajn lines under PFA.
Öğretmen Adaylarının Öğretmenlerin Mesleki Etik Dışı Davranışlar İle İlgili Görüşleri

Bu calismanin amaci, ogretmen adaylarinin gozlemleri dogrultusunda, ogretmenlerin mesleki etik disi davranislar ile ilgili goruslerini belirlemektir. Tarama modelindeki arastirmanin ornekleminde 459 ogretmen adayi bulunmaktadir. Arastirmanin verileri “Etik Disi Davranislar Olcegi” ile toplanmistir. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler ve t-testi kullanilmistir. Elde edilen bulgulara gore ogretmen adaylari ogretmenlerin etik disi davranislari “hicbir zaman” yapmadigini dusunmektedir. Ogretmen adaylarina gore ogretmenlerin en sik yaptigi etik disi davranis “Basari duzeyi dusuk ogrencilerle yeterince ilgilenmemek”, en az yaptiklari ise “Ogrencilere dini konularda baski yapmak” davranislaridir. Ogretmen adaylarinin gorusleri cinsiyet, program ve alan degiskenlerine gore degismektedir.
Early Evolution of the Stratospheric Aerosol Plume Following the 2022 Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Eruption: Lidar Observations From Reunion (21°S, 55°E)

The exceptionally violent eruption of the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai volcano (HTHH) of 15 January 2022, in the South Pacific, was associated with a powerful blast that injected gases, steam and aerosol to unprecedentedly high altitudes. This article details unique observations of the young volcanic plume from ground‐based lidars at Reunion (21°S, 55°E). Two lidars, operating at wavelengths of 355 and 532 nm, recorded the plume overhead from 19 January until 28 January providing the vertical structure and the optical properties of the plume. A series of thick stratospheric plumes between 36 and 18 km altitude have been characterized along time, with aerosol optical depth as high as 0.84 at 532 nm and negative Angström exponents for the main layers down to −0.8 ± 0.8. The diversity of plumes properties is explained by the injection heights of the volcanic material as well as stratospheric dynamics and chemistry.
ACADEMIA SHOULD STOP USING BEALL’S LISTS AND REVIEW THEIR USE IN PREVIOUS STUDIES

Academics (should) strive to submit to journals which are academically sound and scholarly. To achieve this, they could either submit to journals that appear exclusively on safelists (occasionally referred to as whitelists, although this term tends to be avoided), or avoid submitting to journals on watchlists (occasionally referred to as blacklists, although this term tends to be avoided). The most well-known of these lists was curated by Jeffrey Beall. Beall’s Lists (there are two, one for stand-alone journals and one for publishers) were taken offline by Beall himself in January 2017. Prior to 2017, Beall’s Lists were widely cited and utilized, including to make quantitative claims about scholarly publishing. Even after Beall’s Lists became obsolete (they have not been maintained for the past six years), they continue to be widely cited and used. This paper argues that the use of Beall’s Lists, pre- and post-2017, may constitute a methodological error and, even if papers carry a disclaimer or limitations section noting this weakness, their conclusions cannot always be relied upon. This paper also argues for the need to conduct a detailed post-publication assessment of reports in the literature that used Beall’s Lists to validate their findings and conclusions, assuming that it becomes accepted that Beall’s Lists are not a reliable resource for scientific investigation. Finally, this paper contends that any papers that have identified methodological errors should be corrected. Several lists that were cloned from Beall’s Lists have also emerged and are also being cited. These should also be included in any post-publication investigation that is conducted.
Inference about the Point of Change in a Regression Model

SUMMARY Consider a sequence of (n1 + n2) independent ordered pairs of observations for which the relationship between variables can be represented by a segmented polynomial regression model with unknown point of change n 1. The relative marginal likelihood function for n 1 is derived and the expressions for the relative conditional and maximum likelihood functions are given. Either of the first two likelihoods, which account for the uncertainty about the value of the other parameters, are to be preferred to the maximum likelihood function, with the relative marginal likelihood function being examined more extensively here. In the case where the segmented regression model can be represented by two polynomials of unknown degrees p and q, a procedure is described for estimating p and q. The use of these methods is illustrated using two observed sets of data and three artificially generated sets.
The Simplicial Helix and the Equation tan nθ = n tan θ

Abstract Buckminster Fuller has coined the name tetrahelix for a column of regular tetrahedra, each sharing two faces with neighbours, one 'below' and one 'above' [A. H. Boerdijk, Philips Research Reports 7 (1952), p. 309]. Such a column could well be employed in architecture, because it is both strong and attractive. The (n — 1)-dimensional analogue is based on a skew polygon such that every n consecutive vertices belong to a regular simplex. The generalized twist which shifts this polygon one step along itself is found to have the characteristic equation (λ - 1)2{(n - 1)λ n-2 + 2(n - 2)λ n-3 + 3(n - 3)λ n-4 + . + (n - 2)2λ + (n - 1)} = 0, which can be derived from tan nθ = n tan θ by setting λ = exp (2θi).
Solving the ARE symbolically

Methods from computer algebra, mostly so called Grobner bases (gb) from commutative algebra, are used to solve the algebraic Riccati equation (ARE) symbolically. The methods suggested allow us to track the influence of parameters in the system or penalty matrices on the solution. Some nontrivial aspects arise when addressing the problem from the point of view commutative algebra, for example the original equations are rational, not polynomial. We explain how this can be dealt with rather easily. Some methods for lowering the computational complexity are suggested and different methods are compared regarding efficiency. Preprocessing of the equations before applying gb can make computations more efficient. <<ETX>>
The effectiveness of electron blocking layer in InGaN‐based laser diodes with different indium content

The effects of Al composition in p‐type AlGaN electron blocking layer (EBL) on electron leakage and device performance in InGaN‐based quantum well (QW) laser diodes (LDs) are numerically investigated in connection with the depth of QWs. It is found that the effectiveness of EBL in blocking electron leakage depends much on Al content in EBL and In content in InGaN QWs. It is effective for low‐In‐content InGaN QW LDs to add moderate Al in AlGaN EBL, while it is hardly helpful and even harmful for high‐In‐content InGaN QW LDs to increase Al content. In addition, it is found that too much Al in EBL is unfavorable for all LDs due to the downward conduction band‐bending in the last quantum barrier (LQB) layer.
Diff: Simplifying the Estimation of Difference-in-differences Treatment Effects

In this article, I present the features of the user-written command diff, which estimates difference-in-differences (DID) treatment effects. diff simplifies the DID analysis by allowing the conventional DID setting to be combined with other nonexperimental evaluation methods. The command is equipped with an attractive set of options: the single DID with covariates, the kernel propensity-score matching DID, and the quantile DID. Specific options are included to obtain DID estimation on a repeated cross-section setting and to test the general balancing properties of the model. I illustrate the features of diff using a sample of the dataset from the pioneering implementation of DID by Card and Krueger (1994, American Economic Review 84: 772–793).
k0: The role of Intrinsic and Scattering Attenuation

Abstract Knowledge of the acceleration spectral shape is important for the prediction of ground motion. At high frequencies, the rapid decrease of the spectral amplitude, which controls the peak values, has been modeled by the spectral decay factor k , allowing an estimate of the apparent attenuation and which currently constitutes a basic input parameter for the generation of stochastic ground motion and the calibration of ground‐motion prediction equations. Based on numerical simulations of ground motion, we investigate the role of intrinsic and scattering attenuation in determining the high‐frequency decay of earthquake‐induced ground motion. We show that the attenuation term related to scattering depends nonlinearly on the intrinsic term, meaning that the commonly used explanation for the high‐frequency decay spectrum parameter might not be appropriate when analyzing signal windows of several seconds’ width.
Mantle cloaking for co-site radio-frequency antennas

We show that properly designed mantle cloaks, consisting of patterned metallic sheets placed around cylindrical monopoles, allow tightly packing the same antennas together in a highly dense telecommunication platform. Our experimental demonstration is applied to the relevant example of two cylindrical monopole radiators operating for 3G and 4G mobile communications. The two antennas are placed in close proximity, separated by 1/10 of the shorter operational wavelength, and, after cloaking, are shown to remarkably operate as if isolated in free-space. This result paves the way to unprecedented co-siting strategies for multiple antennas handling different services and installed in overcrowded platforms, such as communication towers, satellite payloads, aircrafts, or ship trees. More broadly, this work presents a significant application of cloaking technology to improve the efficiency of modern communication systems.
Examining the impact of demonetization on banking efficiency: Evidence from bootstrapped estimates after consideration of undesirable outputs

The recent demonetization announced in India led to a massive flow of deposits in banks, which called for efficient disbursement of available funds. Realizing its implication for the financial sector, researchers explored the possible impact of demonetization on the performance, profitability, and efficiency of Indian banks. However, these studies overlooked the non-performing assets, which are a serious concern for banks and have emerged as an undesirable output of the credit creation process. To fill this research gap, the present study investigates the impact of demonetization on the efficiency of domestic banks with due consideration of such undesirable assets. To get bias-free efficiency estimates, bootstrapped data envelopment analysis has been done. The study period has been divided into two sub-periods viz., pre-demonetization period and post-demonetization period. The results indicate that the efficiency of the majority of banks remains unaffected by demonetization. Only 13 banks have got a significant impact, out of which eight banks exhibited better efficiency while five banks were found to be less efficient during the post-demonetization period. However, these changes have been contributed to bank-specific factors, and demonetization cannot be accounted for the same. The findings are useful to banks, regulators, and policymakers.