Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aggregation in Heterogeneous-Firm Models: Theory and Measurement∗

In structural models of investment with real and financial frictions to capital accumulation, the distribution of capital across firms is well-known to affect the sensitivity of partial equilibrium investment demand to economic stimulus. We show that general equilibrium price responses will undo this state dependence if investment is sufficiently price-elastic. While large price elasticities are a feature of most standard models of investment, we argue that they are rejected empirically: Quasi-experimental evidence on firm-level investment responses to tax changes suggests price elasticities that are orders of magnitude too small to generate meaningful general equilibrium smoothing. In models with data-consistent small price elasticities, the aggregate effects of monetary and fiscal stimulus are indeed sensitive to the cross-sectional distribution of firm capital and so to broader business-cycle conditions. Finally, we show that our results apply without change to the dynamics of aggregate durable consumption.
K T ] 1 6 O ct 2 00 7 REPRESENTATION AND CHARACTER THEORY IN 2-CATEGORIES

We develop a (2-)categorical generalization of the theory of group representations and characters. We categorify the concept of the trace of a linear transformation, associating to any endofunctor of any small category a set called its categorical trace. In a linear situation, the categorical trace is a vector space and we associate to any two commuting self-equivalences a number called their joint trace. For a group acting on a linear category V we define an analog of the character which is the function on commuting pairs of group elements given by the joint traces of the corresponding functors. We call this function the 2-character of V . Such functions of commuting pairs (and more generally, n-tuples) appear in the work of Hopkins, Kuhn and Ravenel [HKR00] on equivariant Morava E-theories. We define the concept of induced categorical representation and show that the corresponding 2-character is given by the same formula as was obtained in [HKR00] for the transfer map in the second equivariant Morava E-theory.
Frugal neural reranking: evaluation on the Covid-19 literature

The Covid-19 pandemic urged the scientific community to join efforts at an unprecedented scale, leading to faster than ever dissemination of data and results, which in turn motivated more research works. This paper presents and discusses information retrieval models aimed at addressing the challenge of searching the large number of publications that stem from these studies. The model presented, based on classical baselines followed by an interaction based neural ranking model, was evaluated and evolved within the TREC Covid challenge setting. Results on this dataset show that, when starting with a strong baseline, our light neural ranking model can achieve results that are comparable to other model architectures that use very large number of parameters.
Twitter Data Augmentation for Monitoring Public Opinion on COVID-19 Intervention Measures

The COVID-19 outbreak is an ongoing world-wide pandemic that was announced as a global health crisis in March 2020. Due to the enormous challenges and high stakes of this pandemic, governments have implemented a wide range of policies aimed at containing the spread of the virus and its negative effect on multiple aspects of our life. Public responses to various intervention measures imposed over time can be explored by analyzing the social media. Due to the shortage of available labeled data for this new and evolving domain, we apply data distillation methodology to labeled datasets from related tasks and a very small manually labeled dataset. Our experimental results show that data distillation out-performs other data augmentation methods on our task.
Jobs, earnings, and routine-task occupational change in times of revolution: The Tunisian perspective

The objective of this paper is to investigate the links between earnings inequality and the changing nature of jobs in a revolution context. The methodology consists of various decompositions and regressions based on Tunisian labour force surveys from the past 20 years. Tunisa’s labor market during the period of investigation is characterized by a decreasing earnings inequality following the fall of education premia, and an asymmetric wage polarization mainly led by the increase of the lowest wages. When we remove the public sector, we end up with job polarization and wage polarization only before the Revolution, which confirms the impact of the public sector on inequality in the Revolution era. Although evidence shows that the routinization had a role in the evolution of the wage structure, it is not the main driver. Its effect was crowd out by employment and wage policies in the public sector. Acknowledgment: This work has been done in collaboration with the employment team of the Tunisian Institute of Statistics (INS), and in particular with Yamen Hlel and Fadia Bougacha. We also thank the Director of the INS, Mr Adnen Lassoued who gave us valuable comments on a previous presentation of the results. We thank the UNU-WIDER team for support and consultation in the development of this paper. ∗UMR Développement et sociétés, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 45 bis avenue de la Belle Gabrielle 94736 Nogent sur Marne. email: marouani@univparis1.fr †Corresponding author : Phuong Le Minh, minhphuongim@gmail.com
Degeneracy structure of the spectrum of the asymmetric quantum Rabi model

The semi‐classical Rabi model was originally defined by Isidor Isaac Rabi in 1936 [13] to describe the effect of a rapidly varying weak magnetic field on an oriented atom possessing nuclear spin. The fully quantized version, known now as the the quantum Rabi model (QRM), was introduced by Jaynes and Cummings in 1963 [6]. The QRM describes the simplest interaction between a two‐level atom and a light field, making it one of the basic models of quantum optics. Let \mathcal{H} be a Hilbert space satisfying the hypothesis of the Stone‐von Neumann the‐ orem, with raising and lowering operators a\dagger and a , respectively. Then, the QRM is the model with Hamiltonian acting on \mathcal{H}\otimes \mathbb{C}^{2} given by
Reproductive Biology of Neotropical Fishes: A Guide to Identification to the Gonadal Morphology During the Reproductive Cycle of Catfish Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae)

In most Teleostei fish, the gametogenesis is a cyclical and seasonal event. The renewal of gametes, through their differentiation, development, maturation and release causes several changes in the morphological characteristics of the ovaries and testes throughout the annual reproductive cycles. These alterations are used to recognize different phases in the reproductive cycles. However, as the number of studies of fish reproduction increased, the number of types of gonadal classification and nomenclatures also diversified. This may make it difficult to communication between researchers and the aquaculture activity, since the recognition of these phases is one of the most important parameters applied in the management of fishery resources. In addition, the terminologies proposed in most of the current studies refer to reproductive stages applicable to marine fish, with marked and defined seasonality characteristics. In this way, this report presents a recent proposal for the recognition of reproductive phases originally developed for the Perciformes and here adapted for the Neotropical Siluriformes, using as a biological model a freshwater catfish Rhamdia quelen . In addition, we describe a brief characterization of the gametogenesis in this species. We hope that the material presented can be used as an easy and practical guide of identification for reproductive phases applicable to other neotropical freshwater fish, more especially Otophysi, such as Siluriformes.
Insurance consumption in the Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia): Financial and institutional determinants

This article seeks to examine the determinants of insurance consumption in the Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) over the period 1996-2017. We focused mainly on financial and institutional determinants. The main results show that only the level of financial development measured by M2/GDP has a negative impact on the insurance markets. However, we have demonstrated the positive effect of GDP/cap on insurance development in the study countries.
Tackling Private Over-Indebtedness in Asia: Economic and Legal Aspects

One consequence of interest rates remaining “too low for too long” since the Global Financial Crisis is the buildup in private leverage in emerging economies. These vulnerabilities have been laid bare by the COVID-19 shock. This paper employs the growth at risk framework (Adrian, Boyarchenko, and Giannone, 2019) to examine how different types of private leverage present risks to future GDP growth in Asian economies. We find evidence that private leverage can boost GDP growth in the near term, but can increase the risks of low growth over the medium term. For our sample, we also find that household debt poses a larger drag on future GDP growth than corporate debt. In the second part of the paper, we provide an overview of a strategy for prevention and resolution of over-indebtedness, with a focus on legal tools, and with considerations to account for the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a novel cross-country survey, we examine the role of legal techniques to prevent and treat corporate and household over-indebtedness, benchmarking those in ASEAN-5, China, India, Japan and Korea against international best practice. The analysis can inform a country-specific prioritized approach to strengthening legal frameworks.
Options for Guaranteed Index-linked Life Insurance-Proceedings AFIR 1996-Nürnberg, Germany

The market risk contained in guaranteed equity-linked life insurance products can be managed with options. To prevent premature cancellation, a profit structure is chosen which corresponds to forward cliquet options. The pricing and the deltaand vega-risk of these options is computed for a variety of payoff patterns. When the profit from the index contributes additively to the benefits, then a closed form is possible for prices and deltaresp. gamma-risks. If the profit from the index contributes to the benefit only if it exceeds the guaranteed sum, then these quantities can be computed with Monte Car10 simulations.
Childcare Subsidies, Home Production, and Extended Income

Prior studies have suggested that home production is able to substitute market consumption. Hence, home production should be taken into account when examining whether an income shock makes people worse or better off in terms of their income and consumption possibilities. This particularly holds for people who spend relatively many hours in home production, such as mothers. Whilst studies found high responsiveness to market work and household work decisions among this group, this paper is the first to study the causal effect of changes in childcare subsidies on extended income of mothers, where we add the monetized amount of home production to the money income of mothers. For causal identification, we exploit a substantial cut in childcare subsidies in the Netherlands in January 2012, using a differences-in-differences strategy. The treatment group consists of mothers with a youngest child 0 to 12 years of age. The control group consists of mothers with an older youngest child. We find that the reform significantly increased time spent in home production (excluding child care) for the treatment group compared to the control group, but it did not significantly affect gross (and net) income. Using several methods for monetization of home production we find that the cut in childcare subsidies increased total extended income of mothers. This seems to suggest that the policy change actually made mothers better off in terms of their total consumption possibilities. It could mean that mothers overcompensate their loss in benefits by substantially increasing their home production.
TimeSAN: A Time-Modulated Self-Attentive Network for Next Point-of-Interest Recommendation

Next Point-of-Interest (POI) recommendation aims to rank a list of POIs by their attractiveness to users based on the users’ historical records of POI visits. This task is challenging, because user preferences may be influenced by various contextual factors. In this paper, we consider the temporal contextual factor, i.e., the time of users’ POI visits. Previous attempts for modelling the impact of temporal contexts can be categorized into two groups: factorization based methods and recurrent neural network based methods. The first group adds a time dimension to their latent recommendation spaces, which may suffer from the data sparsity problem due to the additional dimension. The second group uses time-aware contextual gates to update the hidden and cell states in RNNs, which may have limited capability in capturing long-range temporal dynamics. In this paper, we propose a time -modulated s elf-attentive network (TimeSAN) for next POI recommendation. This model learns the relevance between a user’s next POI visit and her historical visits via the self-attention mechanism, where the relevance is modulated by the temporal contextual influence. The learned time-aware relevance is further fused with users’ long-term interests to provide final recommendations. We conduct extensive experiments on real-world datasets. The results confirm that TimeSAN outperforms previous methods consistently and significantly in recommendation accuracy, while attaining a high model training efficiency.
A study on rural income, migration and risk of losing indigenous agriculture practices: Case of Khaling Village, Bhutan

The purpose of the study is to determine whether off farm income is greater than on-farm income. It also emphasizes on migration, likely future trend and its impacts on livelihood of the highlanders. The survey questionnaire was administered to a total of 210 people. The study on overall income distribution recorded that household is earning an average income of Nu 41,805 annually with the maximum household income of Nu 480,000 and minimum of Nu 1,000 per annum and income is unevenly distributed among the household. The study also found that in case of sources of income and household dependency for thirteen households, salary or wages (58%) are main source of income but the remittances (23%) have dominated in terms of the source of the income, followed by wages and sale of crops and vegetables (10%). However, minimum number of households depends on poultry products (9%) as a main source of income. The study reveals that only 38.6% of households in Khaling trade with highlanders out of total respondents. The results of the study suggest that the future looks bleak if the present trend is allowed to continue.
Effects of underlying morbidities on the occurrence of deaths in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the most hectic pandemic of the era, is increasing exponentially and taking thousands of lives worldwide. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of pre-existing comorbidities among COVID-19 patients and their mortality risks with each category of pre-existing comorbidity. Methods To conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched using pre-specified search strategies. Further searches were conducted using the reference list of the selected studies, renowned preprint servers (eg, medRxiv, bioRxiv, SSRN), and relevant journals’ websites. Studies written in the English language included if those were conducted among COVID-19 patients with and without comorbidities and presented survivor vs non-survivor counts or hazard/odds of deaths or survivors with types of pre-existing comorbidities. Comorbidities reported in the selected studies were grouped into eight categories. The pooled likelihoods of deaths in each category were estimated using a fixed or random-effect model, based on the heterogeneity assessment. Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of the funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s regression test. Trim and Fill method was used if there any publication bias was found. Results A total of 41 studies included in this study comprised of 27 670 samples. The most common pre-existing comorbidities in COVID-19 patients were hypertension (39.5%), cardiovascular disease (12.4%), and diabetes (25.2%). The higher likelihood of deaths was found among COVID-19 patients who had pre-existing cardiovascular diseases (odds ratio (OR) = 3.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.86-4.09), immune and metabolic disorders (OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 2.03-2.85), respiratory diseases (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.72-2.19), cerebrovascular diseases (OR = 4.12, 95% CI = 3.04-5.58), any types of cancers (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.63-3.03), renal (OR = 3.02, 95% CI = 2.60-3.51), and liver diseases (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.50-3.69). Conclusions This study provides evidence that COVID-19 patients with pre-existing comorbidities had a higher likelihood of death. These findings could potentially help health care providers to sort out the most susceptible COVID-19 patients by comorbidities, take precautionary measures during hospitalization, assess susceptibility to death, and prioritize their treatment, which could potentially reduce the number of fatalities in COVID-19.
Imo State Residents’ Perception Of The Influence Of Orient Fm And Heartland Fm “Issues Of The Moment” And “Matters Arising” Radio Programmes On Government’s Efforts To Manage Economic Recession In Nigeria

Background: The study was on Imo State residents‟ perception of the influence of Orient Fm and Heartland Fm “Issues of the Moment” and “Matters Arising” radio programmes on government‟s efforts to manage economic recession in Nigeria. It was aimed to find out Imo State residents‟ level of awareness of government‟s efforts to manage economic recession in Nigeria through exposure to Orient Fm and Heartland Fm “Issues of the Moment” and “Matters Arising” radio awareness programmes; ascertain the extent to which exposure to radio programmes broaden the knowledge of Imo residents on government‟s efforts to manage economic recession and determine whether exposure to radio programmes influence Imo State residents‟ attitude towards embracing government‟s efforts towards managing economic recession. The study was anchored on development media theory. Method: Sequential explanatory mixed research design was used to generate quantitative and qualitative data. A sample size of 385 was determined from the population of 4,882,595 using Australian online calculator. Also, 18 persons were purposively selected for the interview. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted on the selection of Local government areas and communities used for the study. A questionnaire and interview guide were used for data collection. Results: Findings revealed that Imo State residents‟ level of awareness of government‟s efforts to manage economic recession in Nigeria through exposure to Orient Fm and Heartland Fm “Issues of the Moment” and “Matters Arising” radio awareness programmes is minimal at 51.2%. Also, it was found the extent to which exposure to radio programmes broaden the knowledge of Imo residents on government‟s efforts to managing economic recession is low at 49.1%. In essence, finding revealed that “Issues of the Moment” and “Matter Arising” radio awareness programmes do not influence Imo State residents‟ attitude towards embracing government‟s efforts towards managing economic recession at 44.7%. Conclusion: It was therefore, concluded that radio has succeeded in creating awareness of government economic policies and activities but has failed to influence respondents‟ engagement to such programmes.
Does Immigration Improve Quality of Care in Nursing Homes?

The growing healthcare needs of baby boomers require significant increases in the number or productivity of healthcare workers. This paper explores how immigrants may fill these gaps in nursing homes. First, we show that immigrant inflows are associated with reduced wages of lower skilled nurses along with increases in their employment. We then show that more immigrant labor leads to fewer falls among residents and improvements in other measures of quality of care. We also find that only in competitive nursing home markets is there a link between immigrant inflows and the quality of care provided in nursing homes.
Plain convergence of adaptive algorithms without exploiting reliability and efficiency

We consider $h$-adaptive algorithms in the context of the finite element method and the boundary element method. Under quite general assumptions on the building blocks SOLVE, ESTIMATE, MARK and REFINE of such algorithms we prove plain convergence in the sense that the adaptive algorithm drives the underlying a posteriori error estimator to zero. Unlike available results in the literature, our analysis avoids the use of any reliability and efficiency estimate but relies only on structural properties of the estimator, namely stability on nonrefined elements and reduction on refined elements. In particular, the new framework thus also covers problems involving nonlocal operators like the fractional Laplacian or boundary integral equations, where (discrete) efficiency is (currently) not available.
Graph Genetic Programming with Heuristics Based Crossover

: This paper presents a new neuro-evolutionary system for the design of feed forward hybrid neural models. Every individual is directly encoded as a directed acyclic graph, allowing the development of partially interconnected architectures with heterogeneous layers including both local and global neurons. The use of different neuron types provides improved performances in terms of approximation quality for a large class of nonlinear system identification problems, while the direct graph encoding ensures a simpler interpretation of the hierarchical individuals, as well as a compact representation. The authors recommend a special minimally sufficient set of functions and customized compatible genetic operators, which exploit the inherent characteristics of the neural architectures (modularity, high interconnectivity and high level of parallelism). An extra effort is made towards improving the genetic algorithms convergence speed by introducing a special sensitivity score for each hidden neuron as part of a novel crossover strategy aimed to preserve valuable structural blocks inside the individual. Featuring multithreaded execution and specialized data structures, the C application scales well on multi core computers and has a low memory footprint, being suitable for complex nonlinear identification problems.