Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of numerical classification in ecological investigations of water pollution

Numerical classification encompasses a variety of techniques for the grouping of entities based on the resemblance of their attributes according to mathematically stated criteria. In ecology this usually involves classific~tion of collections, representing sites or sampling per1ods, or classification of species. Classification can thus simplify patterns of collection resemblance or species distribution patterns in an instructive and efficient manne r. Procedures of numerical classification are thoroughly reviewed, including data manipulations, computation ~f r e semblance measures and clustering methods. The 1mportance and e ffects of transformations and standardizations are di s cussed. It is particularly critical to choose an appropriate resemblance measure which best corresponds with the investigator's concept of ecological resemblance. Clus tering methods form groups on the basis of patter~s of inte r-entity similarity. Various types of clusterlng me thods e xist but currently the most useful and best de veloped are those which are exclusive, intrinsic, . hierarchical and agglomerative. Agglomerative clusterlng me thods which distort spatial relationships and intensely c luster are often most useful with ecological data. The value of post-clustering analyses in the interpretation of the results of numerical classifications is stressed. Thes e include reallocation of misclassified entities, comparison of classifications of collections with thos~ of species (nodal analysis), comparing alternate c~assl­ fi cations, testing differences among groups, relatlng clas sification to extrinsic environmental factors and i nterfacing classification with other multivariate analyses. The use f ulne ss of numerical classification is demonstrated f or obj ec tive analysis of the data sets resulting from field s urveys and monitoring studies conducted for the assessme nt of effe cts of pollution. However, to date few. pol l ution bio logists have applied the more powerful classlf i catory tec h nique s and post-clustering analyses.
Disruption of salinity regimes in Mediterranean coastal wetlands and its impact on the coexistence of an endangered and an invasive fish

1 SUMMARY Mediterranean coastal wetlands have been extensively eliminated and degraded by human activities. Salinity regimes are one of the main abiotic factors structuring biological communities in coastal wetlands and can be disrupted outflows from irrigated fields, especially through dilution. Here, we analyse patterns in salinity regimes as well as their temporal trends in coastal lagoons of the Ebro Delta, focusing on the impacts of rice farming. We then analyse the relationships between salinity regimes and the populations of two fish species, the Iberian toothcarp (Aphanius iberus) and the Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). The former is a globally threatened cyprinodontid endemic to Spain and its decline has been linked to the impacts of mosquitofish. The influence of rice farming in the Ebro Delta has disrupted the salinity regimes of its coastal lagoons, most of which have winter salinity peaks and low values during summer due to irrigation drainage from inundated rice paddies. Active management of these outflows has favoured increases of summer salinity in some lagoons between years 2001 and 2009, but during the same period summer salinity values have decreased in other lagoons. Between years 2005 and 2009 we sampled fish 55 times in the autumn, within 16 sites, capturing more than 10,000 fish. We related fish captures to the seasonal variation in water salinity. Toothcarp were more abundant in sites with higher summer salinities, i.e. with little influence of drainage effluent from rice fields. Mosquitofish tended to be less abundant when winter conductivities were high, suggesting that the maximum salinity levels during winter act as a filter for the species. Disruption of salinity regimes in Mediterranean coastal wetlands and its impact on the coexistence of an endangered and an invasive fish
A Set of Novel Microsatellite Markers Developed for a Distylous Species Luculia gratissima (Rubiaceae)

Luculia gratissima (Wall.) Sweet (Rubiaceae) is a perennial shrub distributed in the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau in southwest China and adjacent region of Nepal and Myanmar. The plant is a distylous species with reciprocally placed stigmas and anthers in each floral morph. By using the Fast Isolation by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) of Sequences Containing (FIASCO) repeats protocol, 19 primer sets were identified in two wild populations. Of these primers, 10 displayed polymorphisms and nine were monomorphic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to five, values for observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and from 0.289 to 0.760, with averages of 0.303 and 0.555, respectively. These microsatellite loci will facilitate further studies on breeding system, gene flow patterns, and population structure of L. gratissima and its allied species.
Measurement and characterization of EUV mask performance at high-NA Rikon

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission. ABSTRACT In this work, we used a high accuracy synchrotron-based reflectometer to experimentally determine the effects of angular bandwidth limitations on high-NA EUV mask performance. We collected the scatterometry data of both the mask blank and absorber field, as well as mask pattern diffraction performance as a function of illumination angle, scatter angle, and wavelength. Gratings down to 44 nm half pitch on mask, up to 16° angle of incidence (AOI), and wavelength ranging from 13.3 to 13.7 nm were considered. Rigorous Coupled-Wave Analysis (RCWA) was used to model scatterometry results which were compared with measurement. The experimental measurements on a mask with a multilayer reflectivity of over 60% at 13.5 nm wavelength that peaked about 10° showed that computing the large area reflectivity as a function of wavelength and incident angle from 0 to 14° resulted in root mean square errors in reflectivity unacceptably as high as 13% and 0.8% of the incident beam for the multilayer and absorber respectively. This dropped to 5% and 0.7% respectively when interdiffusion and wavelength-dependent refractive indices were taken into account. Calibration by fitting to the measured data reduced the errors to 0.8% and 0.08% respectively. Measurements of patterned gratings compared to a simple binary mask with 60% clear-field energy transmission for a 176 nm pitch grating showed less zero order than expected and an imbalance the two first orders where one exceeded the simple binary mask prediction. The levels of these orders degraded further for smaller pitches at 88 nm and especially at large incident angles of 14° where diffracted orders had large angles compared to the angular bandwidth of the multilayer. Fortunately, RCWA-based modeling of the patterned mask assuming the simplest case of vertical absorber walls predicted a similar trend in the diffraction to that observed from the measurement.
Risk Factors for Inadequate Colonoscopy Bowel Preparations in African Americans and Whites at an Urban Medical Center

Objectives Poor bowel preparation leads to inadequate examinations and shorter surveillance intervals for colorectal cancer screening. Previous studies regarding risk factors for inadequate preparation have not included large numbers of African Americans. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of inadequate bowel preparation on initial and follow-up colonoscopy in a large, racially diverse patient population. Methods Colonoscopies performed during a 1-year period were analyzed retrospectively. Factors including age, sex, race, and start time were recorded. Patient ZIP codes were linked to census data to estimate education and income. For examinations with inadequate bowel preparations, we collected data on recommendations and the preparation quality of follow-up procedures. Results We included 3741 patients (40.2% African American). Of these, 66.9% had adequate bowel preparation and 33.1% had inadequate bowel preparation. African Americans had the highest prevalence of inadequate preparations at 43.0%. African American race was a predictor of inadequate bowel preparation, despite controlling for education and income. Age, male sex, and procedure taking place after 12 PM also were risk factors for inadequate preparation. Receipt of specific preparation instructions on the endoscopy report did not affect preparation quality on follow-up examination. Our study found a high rate (33.1%) of inadequate bowel preparations, and African American race was found to be an independent risk factor for inadequate preparation. We validated previously reported risk factors including age, male sex, and later procedure time. Finally, we noted high rates of inadequate preparation on follow-up examinations. Conclusions Improving the quality of colonoscopy bowel preparation is important for colorectal cancer prevention, especially in high-risk populations such as African Americans.
The Resolved Outer Population of NGC 6822 with WFPC2

We present F336W (U), F439W (B), F555W (V), and F675W (R) Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) photometry of two outer regions of the Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 6822. The northeast region is ∼13′ from the galaxy center, whereas the west region lies 10′ out and within the wispy low surface brightness outer regions of the galaxy. The fields are not crowded and contain few NGC 6822 stars. We discuss the errors and uncertainties and find that the west region contains a main sequence that extends to stars of about 2 M⊙, with an age of about 200 Myr. The northeast region has no main sequence or stars younger than 1 Gyr but does contain some luminous red stars that are not matched in the west field. These stars are not clumped in the field. The results suggest that the west region may be a trace of a tidal event that triggered the current star formation in this isolated galaxy.
A New Global Database of Lunar Impact Craters >1–2 km: 1. Crater Locations and Sizes, Comparisons With Published Databases, and Global Analysis

This paper presents a new, global database of lunar impact craters, estimated to be a complete census of all craters with diameters larger than 1–2 km. The database contains over 2 million craters, making it larger in number than any previously published lunar effort by more than a factor of 10. Of those craters, 1.3 million have diameters ≥1 km, approximately 83,000 are ≥5 km, and 6,972 craters are ≥20 km. How the database was constructed along with the reliability of features is described in detail. Comparisons are made with past published databases, demonstrating good agreement for crater size and location. An ellipticity analysis is conducted, illustrating there is no dominant direction for elliptical crater orientation based on location, diameter range, or ellipticity amount, consistent with randomness for craters ≥10 km. A spatial density analysis is described, comparing the spatial density of small versus large craters, and numerous observations about the nonuniformity of the size distributions of craters across the Moon are made. The spatial density is also used in a discussion about kilometer‐scale secondary impact craters and clearly shows that they dominate the crater population in some areas of the lunar surface. This paper presents just a tiny sample of the scientific investigations that could be done with this new crater database.
Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure.

BACKGROUND We compared the angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor LCZ696 with enalapril in patients who had heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. In previous studies, enalapril improved survival in such patients. METHODS In this double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 8442 patients with class II, III, or IV heart failure and an ejection fraction of 40% or less to receive either LCZ696 (at a dose of 200 mg twice daily) or enalapril (at a dose of 10 mg twice daily), in addition to recommended therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes or hospitalization for heart failure, but the trial was designed to detect a difference in the rates of death from cardiovascular causes. RESULTS The trial was stopped early, according to prespecified rules, after a median follow-up of 27 months, because the boundary for an overwhelming benefit with LCZ696 had been crossed. At the time of study closure, the primary outcome had occurred in 914 patients (21.8%) in the LCZ696 group and 1117 patients (26.5%) in the enalapril group (hazard ratio in the LCZ696 group, 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 0.87; P<0.001). A total of 711 patients (17.0%) receiving LCZ696 and 835 patients (19.8%) receiving enalapril died (hazard ratio for death from any cause, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.93; P<0.001); of these patients, 558 (13.3%) and 693 (16.5%), respectively, died from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.89; P<0.001). As compared with enalapril, LCZ696 also reduced the risk of hospitalization for heart failure by 21% (P<0.001) and decreased the symptoms and physical limitations of heart failure (P=0.001). The LCZ696 group had higher proportions of patients with hypotension and nonserious angioedema but lower proportions with renal impairment, hyperkalemia, and cough than the enalapril group. CONCLUSIONS LCZ696 was superior to enalapril in reducing the risks of death and of hospitalization for heart failure. (Funded by Novartis; PARADIGM-HF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01035255.).
Band-Sifting Decomposition for Image-Based Material Editing

Photographers often “prep” their subjects to achieve various effects; for example, toning down overly shiny skin, covering blotches, etc. Making such adjustments digitally after a shoot is possible, but difficult without good tools and good skills. Making such adjustments to video footage is harder still. We describe and study a set of 2D image operations, based on multiscale image analysis, that are easy and straightforward and that can consistently modify perceived material properties. These operators first build a subband decomposition of the image and then selectively modify the coefficients within the subbands. We call this selection process band sifting. We show that different siftings of the coefficients can be used to modify the appearance of properties such as gloss, smoothness, pigmentation, or weathering. The band-sifting operators have particularly striking effects when applied to faces; they can provide “knobs” to make a face look wetter or drier, younger or older, and with heavy or light variation in pigmentation. Through user studies, we identify a set of operators that yield consistent subjective effects for a variety of materials and scenes. We demonstrate that these operators are also useful for processing video sequences.
Exploring and Predicting Online Collective Action on Patients' Virtual Communities: a Multi-method Investigation in France

Virtual patients’ communities are developing on the Internet. These communities allow frequent interactions among patients, who can share health-related information within an interactive environment. However, we know very little about what determines patients’ online collective action on Web 2.0 social networks. Accordingly, this research-in-progress examines why patients interact with others and communicate on topics related with their disease through these virtual communities. Drawing on goal-directed behavior (MGB) and the expectancy-value (EVT) theories, we have developed a model for examining patients’ interactions with virtual communities. This multi-method, qualitative and quantitative approach enables one to explore patients’ interactions and measure the determinants of online collective action on virtual spaces. The results from the qualitative analysis of 54 interviews conducted with patients, patient’s relatives, health 2.0 professionals, doctors and caregivers are discussed herein. This research is expected to increase our knowledge regarding the individual dynamics and interactions that surround online patients’ communities.
Restricted dendritic cell and monocyte progenitors in human cord blood and bone marrow

Liu, Nussenzweig, and colleagues track the differentiation of human progenitor cells into dendritic cells (DCs). They show that a granulocyte/monocyte/DC progenitor gives rise to a monocyte-DC progenitor that in turn gives rise to both monocytes and a common DC progenitor. The common DC progenitor produces the three major subsets of human DCs.
SADAUDIT for auditing procurement logistics information systems

In today's market circumstances, the important critical element for the competitiveness and the success of the organization is adequately managing logistics information systems with the organization's goals. That is why there is a growing concern on the part of organizations on the issue of logistics information systems audit. In this paper, we adopt a methodology for auditing logistics information systems, in case of information systems of procurement logistics. This approach is based on a multi-criteria hierarchical tree and is built around a decision support system called SADAUDIT. The approach presented in this paper has been applied in a real-life setting in order to audit their procurement logistics information systems. The results obtained are in favor of the robustness of the approach.
Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Unit Penerbitan Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh komitmen organisasi dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di Unit Penerbitan Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang.Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan Unit Penerbitan Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang.Sampel ditentukan dengan sampling jenuh dan memperoleh 46 responden sebagai sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Komitmen organisasi berpengaruh negatif terhadap kinerja karyawan (2) motivasi tidak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan (3) Komitmen organisasi dan motivasi kerja tidak berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap kinerja karyawan.
Integrating Pretrained Encoders for Generalized Face Frontalization

In the field of face frontalization, the model obtained by training on a particular dataset often underperforms on other datasets. This paper presents the Pre-trained Feature Transformation GAN (PFT-GAN), which is designed to fully utilize diverse facial feature information available from pre-trained face recognition networks. For that purpose, we propose the use of the feature attention transformation (FAT) module that effectively transfers the low-level facial features to the facial generator. On the other hand, in the hope of reducing the pre-trained encoder dependency, we attempt a new FAT module organization that accommodates the features from all pre-trained face recognition networks employed. This paper attempts evaluating the proposed work using the “independent critic” as well as “dependent critic”, which enables objective judgments. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves the face frontalization performance and helps overcome the bias associated with each pre-trained face recognition network employed.
Powerful extensions to CRFS for grapheme to phoneme conversion

Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) have proven to perform well on natural language processing tasks like name transliteration, concept tagging or grapheme-to-phoneme (g2p) conversion. The aim of this paper is to propose some extension to the state-of-the-art CRF systems for these tasks. Since the number of features can grow rapidly, a method for features selection is very helpful to boost performance. A combination of L1 and L2 regularization (elastic net) has been adopted and implemented within the Rprop optimization algorithm. Usually, dependencies on the target side are limited to bigram dependencies since the computational complexity grows exponentially with the history length. We present a modified CRF decoding where a conventional language model on target side is integrated into the CRF search process. Thus, larger contexts can be taken into account. Besides these two main parts, the already published margin-extension to the CRF training criterion has been adopted.
A novel approach for bathymetry of shallow rivers based on spectral magnitude and shape predictors using stepwise regression

Spatial heterogeneities of substrate type, water-surface roughness and also inherent optical properties (IOPs) of the water column can pose substantial challenges to optical remote sensing of fluvial bathymetry. Development of robust techniques with respect to the optical complexities of riverine environments is then central to produce accurate bathymetry maps over large spatial extents. The empirical (regression-based) techniques (e.g., Lyzenga’s model) have widely been applied for estimation of bathymetry from optical imagery in inland/coastal waters. The models in the literature are built upon only magnitude-related predictors derived from spectral radiances/reflectances at different bands. However, optically complicating factors such as variations in bottom type and water column constituents can change not only the magnitude but also the shape of water-leaving spectra. This research incorporates spectral derivatives as shaperelated predictors in order to enhance the description of spectra through the regression-based depth retrieval. A stepwise regression is utilized to select the optimal predictors among all the possible Lyzenga (i.e., magnitude-related) and derivative (i.e., shape-related) predictors. Radiative transfer simulations are used to examine the bathymetry models in optically-complex shallow rivers by considering variable bottom-types and IOPs. The methods are also applied to a WorldView-3 image of the Sarca River located in Italian Alps and resultant bathymetry estimates are assessed using insitu measurements. The results indicate the effectiveness of spectral derivatives in improving the accuracies of depth retrievals particularly for optically-complex waters.