Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of the profile of individuals with cleft lip/palate with the beginning of orthopedic/ orthodontic treatment

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most frequent congenital malformation among the anomalies of the head and neck. The orthopedic/orthodontic treatment is included in the rehabilitation of these individuals, however there is no consensus in the literature regarding the ideal time for its beginning. Objective: To verify and characterize the profile of individuals with CLP treated at a reference hospital of the northeast of Brazil from 1998 to 2013 and its association with the beginning of the orthopedic/ orthodontic treatment. Material and methods: Through direct observation of medical records, panoramic radiograph, and study casts of 323 individuals, data regarding sex, cleft type, origin and age of beginning of the orthopedic/orthodontic treatment were surveyed and analyzed using the chi-square test, considering a 5% level of significance. Results: Most of the individuals had transforamen and the unilateral cleft was the most prevalent (p<0.05). Females were statistically more affected by post-foramen cleft and males by trans-foramen cleft (p<0.05). Most individuals with trans-foramen cleft and post-foramen cleft started the orthopedic/ orthodontic treatment between 8 and 12 years old (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences occurred relating the beginning of the orthopedic/orthodontic treatment with geographic origin and sex of, although most of them have started treatment at late mixed dentition. Conclusion: Regardless of gender, origin, or cleft type, most patients started orthopedic treatment up to 12 years-old, an age considered ideal by most protocols. Unilateral and trans-foramen cleft were the most prevalent cleft types. post-foramen cleft affected more females, while trans-foramen cleft affected more males.
What Maintains the Metabolic Cost at Peak Aerobic Exercise in End Stage Renal Disease Patients

Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) reduces performance of cardiopulmonary function and peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak). The possible roles of oxygen delivery and oxygen extraction as limiting factors of exercise tolerance in ESRD patients were assessed.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with twenty-two ESRD patients who underwent a peak cardiopulmonary and echocardiograph exercise test via leg cycle ergometry.Results: During exercise, elevated lactic acid occurred at a mean workload of 68.6 ± 5.7 Watts, corresponding to 78% of their respective peak work capacity. At peak exercise, in all measured variables except for systolic blood pressure, ESRD patients did not achieve normally predicted values. Heart rate, left ventricular end diastolic and systolic volumes, stroke volume, cardiac output, VO2 peak, arteriovenous oxygen difference, and workload were below normal values, while diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure and total peripheral resistance were above normal values.Conclusions: In ESRD patients, values for both oxygen delivery and extraction were far below the recorded values in normal. This suggests diminished central cardiopulmonary responses as well as reduced peripheral capacity to extract oxygen at the muscle level. Findings support the concept and possible importance of exercise rehabilitation programs in the approach for treatment of ESRD patients.
THE IMPACT OF COBALAMIN DEFICIENCY ON HEART FUNCTION; A STUDY ON ABNORMALITIES IN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY PATTERNS

Objective: Cobalamin deficiency may cause a lack of dietary methyl donors, which alter the heart metabolism. Cobalamin deficiency is common in patients with malnutrition, gastric ulcers, diabetes mellitus, and alcoholism. Most studies on cobalamin deficiency are focused on its relationship with oxidative stress and atherogenesis. Therefore, this study aims to find the correlation between cardiomyocyte’s energy metabolism in cobalamin deficiency and the risk of heart abnormalities through analysis of electrocardiography (ECG) patterns. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 24-28 w) were divided into 2 groups: the control group and cobalamin-deficient group. The control group was given standard diet while the treatment group received a modified diet, type AIN-93M (deficient in cobalamin), for a period of 16 w. ECG was performed in both groups on the last day of the 16-week period. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was also performed to evaluate plasma Hcy and B12 levels in each group at the end of the treatment period. Results: At the end of the 16-week period, higher Hcy level and lower plasma B12 level were observed in the treatment group when compared to the control group. ECG patterns showed sinus rhythms in both groups, with a higher QRS amplitude and duration in the treatment group. Two of the seven rats in the treatment group developed cardiac arrhythmia. Conclusions: Cobalamin deficiency impairs the heart’s energy metabolism with left ventricular enlargement and arrhythmia.
The advantages of fentanyl for the treatment of pain: Studies of pharmacological profiles and fentanyl relatedside effects

The understanding of the pharmacological profiles of fentanyl and fentanyl-related side effects seems to be critical for the management for control of pain. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the advantages for treatment with fentanyl and the side effects such as emesis and gastrointestinal transit inhibition. The results demonstrated that fentanyl produced a profound antinociception in ferrets and mice than that induced by morphine. These findings are consistent with the experiences in the clinic. Morphine with lower doses than antinociceptive doses, produced a significant increase in gastrointestinal transit inhibition. However, fentanyl produced no gastrointestinal transit inhibition unlike morphine. These findings are consistent with the clinical experiences in the use of fentanyl. The clinical studies in patients chronic cancer pain showed that transdermal therapeutic delivery system for fentanyl (TTS-fentanyl) produces less side effects such as constipation, nausea and vomiting than that induced by oral morphine. Morphine with lower doses than that used for antinociceptive assay also produced either in the number of retching or vomiting. However, fentanyl failed to produce emetic response in ferrets. These findings indicate that fentanyl produces much less emesis than that induced by morphine. Finally, we conclude that fentanyl produced potent antinociception in ferrets and mice. In addition, fentanyl produced much less side effects including emesis and constipation. These findings may provide evidence for benefit and usefulness of fentanyl for clinical frame on the management of pain treatment. Key word: fentanyl; antinociception; emesis; ferret.
NURSES’ PERCEPTION OF FACTORS INFLUENCING PROFESSIONAL AUTONOMY IN NURSING: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Autonomy, is the central element for the professional practice. The purpose of this study was to discover the perceptions of nurses about professional Autonomy in nursing. Materials & Methods: In this qualitative content-analysis approach study, the data were collected through unstructured in-depth interviews [8 individual interviews]. The participants were chosen using purposeful sampling from clinical nurses in Golestan, Iran, 2015. Formal or conventional qualitative content analysis was performed by the MAXDQA software. Results: Due to analysis of interviews, 260 primary cods, 11 categories and 3 themes were achieved. The theme included: 1- Individual factors, 2- Organizational factors, 3- Health policy factors. These themes reflect the dimensions and characteristics of perceived sense of professional autonomy in nursing. Conclusion: This study provided the image of nurse’s understanding from professional autonomy regard the real experiences in work field that often remains hidden from view. The development of policies and strategies to enhance the professional autonomy are necessary
Impact of gum chewing on recovery of bowel activity after caesarean section

Childbirth is a memorable part in every woman’s life. Each labour experience is unique and calls for a celebration. Several techniques are used to perform child delivery in maternity care. Commonly, the delivery procedures are addressed as vaginal deliveries and caesarean sections. Caesarean section (CS), is a surgical procedure in which one or more incisions are made through a mother's abdomen and uterus to deliver one or more babies. International health community has considered ideal rate of caesarean section of 10-15%. Average caesarean section rate in India is 12% in public institutions and it is much higher (28%) in private sectors. Although it can be life saving for the mother and baby when necessary, it has the risk of producing more ABSTRACT
A study of awareness about human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among first-year MBBS students of KBNIMS, Gulbarga

Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by reduction in a number of T-helper cells, because of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV affects the immune system and, therefore, prone to various infectious diseases and its complications and also cancer. Treatment is available to delay the death of persons suffering from the disease. There is no cure for HIV/AIDS. Therefore, it is very essential to educate young people so that they can protect themselves from getting infected. Assessment of awareness level in adolescents, on the other hand, is equally important, to determine the impact of previous awareness and prevention efforts. Aims and Objectives: To know the level of knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS among the first-year MBBS students and to enhance the future educative programs. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study to be conducted on 100 MBBS students in the age group of 18-20 years in KBNIMS, Gulbarga. Questionnaires were provided to the students. Total 14 multiple choice questions were included in the lists which were based on the knowledge and prevention regarding HIV/AIDS. Results: Statistical analysis was performed using frequency and percentage. Majority of the students were aware about HIV/AIDS, and its transmission. Majority of students (83%) were aware that once infected with HIV, there is no cure and 54% of students were aware that HIV is a contagious disease. 58% of students also knew that HIV/AIDS is transmitted through tattooing. 17% had misconception that HIV/AIDS is transmitted through mosquito bite, by hugging, kissing (5%), through urine (12%), by sharing of towels of infected person (5%), by sharing of toilet seats (6%), by haircut (11%), and by sharing clothes of infected person (2%). Conclusion: The awareness and knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS in young age group help to design future educative programs and conducting such surveys at regular intervals would further help to assess the level of awareness and attitude toward HIV/AIDS.
Outcomes of epilepsy surgery for medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy in older patients

AbstractPurpose: Resective epilepsy surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) remains underutilized in elderly patients and only few studies report postsurgical seizure and neurocognitive outcomes in this group. The aim of this study was to investigate the tolerability and efficacy of surgery in older epileptics.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 18 patients aged 55 or older to assess the efficacy and tolerability of the procedure. Mean disease duration was 34 years.Results: Fourteen patients (78%) achieved Engel class I outcome over a mean follow-up period of 4.2 years. Thirteen patients had neuroimaging and histopathology consistent with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). We did not find a measurable effect of disease duration on postsurgical outcome. We confirmed that the MRI evidence of MTS can be used as a predictor for postsurgical outcome. Postsurgical neuropsychological evaluation completed in 13 patients between three months and two and a half years post resection showed decline in verbal abilities most significantly in those who had undergone dominant temporal lobe surgery.Discussion: Our results indicate that epilepsy surgery is well tolerated, safe and effective in older patients with refractory TLE. Postsurgical neuropsychological evaluation showed expected decline in verbal abilities in patients who had undergone dominant resection.
Explaining variations in general practitioners’ experiences of doing medically based assessments of work ability in disability benefit claims. A survey-based analysis

Abstract Purpose: Assessing patients’ work ability is a task that many general practitioners consider challenging. Increase of mental and musculoskeletal disorders further complicate the assessments. The purpose of this paper is to explain variation between general practitioners related to how they experience the assessment of work ability in disability cases. Methods: Combining data from an original postal survey among all general practitioners in Norway (N = 1,466; response rate = 32.5%) with characteristics of the municipality where they work, we use multilevel logistic regression to estimate the relationship between a set of dependent variables measuring how confident general practitioners feel when assessing patients’ work ability in disability cases, physician-related characteristics and structural factors. Results: A main finding is that length of service explains most of the variation between general practitioners (B = 0.492 [0.015, 0.970]–2.127 [1.457, 2.798]); in most of the regressions, this variable turns out as positive and significant (p < 0.01). The general practitioners’ knowledge of possibilities of workplace adaptations in different occupations (B = 0.309 [0.026, 0.592]–0.461 [0.154, 0.768]), as well as the importance they assign to tasks related to sick-listing (B = 0.239 [0.003, 0.475]–0.639 [0.336, 0.941]), were also significantly associated with the general practitioners’ experience of assessing work capacity. The structural variables in the model provided few significant results. Conclusions: Better education and training in doing work ability assessments could be a proper measure to increase general practitioners’ confidence in doing these assessments in connection with disability benefit applications.
Firearm Availability and Fatal Police Shootings

Do states with more guns have higher rates of fatal police shootings? This article uses a validated measure of firearm availability (the percentage of suicides committed with a firearm) to examine the relationship between gun proliferation and fatal police shootings. It expands on existing research to include (1) measures of access to Level I and II trauma centers, (2) interpretation of the findings from the lenses of “statistical prediction,” and (3) tests for structural differences between models for black decedents versus nonblack decedents. Findings confirm the correlation between statewide prevalence of gun ownership and fatal police shootings for both all decedents and unarmed decedents. It provides partial support for “statistical prediction” by police and finds that greater access to trauma centers is associated with lower rates of citizen deaths. The analysis suggests a far broader range of policy options for saving lives, such as better enforcement of legal restrictions on firearm possession, than focusing solely on policing systems.
Analysis of human-factor-caused freight train accidents in the United States

Abstract Human factors are major causes of train accidents in the United States. Understanding the safety risk of these accidents can provide insights into safety evaluation and improvement. This paper focuses on analyzing the train derailments and collisions due to human factors using 2000–2016 accident data on mainlines from the US Federal Railroad Administration. This research methodology involves three main sections. First, we analyze the statistical trend of annual accident rates by accident type and year. Based on the cause-specific distribution of accident frequency, the major causes are determined for each common accident type such as derailments and collisions. Next, we calculate accident severity (e.g., derailed cars, casualties) due to each specific human-factor accident cause. Finally, we compute annual accident risk and cause-specific accident risk using mean and alternative risk measures. The detailed accident data analysis approach herein can also be adapted to other types of train accidents, in support of decisions for rail safety improvement. The analysis of human-factor-caused train accidents can provide key information for the development and evaluation of potential safety improvement strategies.
Quantitative Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy for III-V Semiconductor Heterostructures Utilizing Multi-Slice Image Simulations

The atomic structure of (GaIn)As/Ga(AsSb)/(GaIn)As-”W”-type quantum well heterostructures (“W”-QWHs) is investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). These structures were grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy and are built for type-II laser systems in the infrared wavelength regime. For two samples grown at 525 ◦C and 550 ◦C, intensity profiles are extracted from the STEM images for each sub lattice separately. These intensity profiles are compared to the one obtained from an image simulation of an ideal “W”-QWH that is modeled in close agreement with the experiment. From the intensity profiles, the width of the different quantum wells (QWs) can be determined. Additionally, characteristics connected to the growth of the structures, such as segregation coefficients and material homogeneity, are calculated. Finally, composition profiles are derived from the STEM intensity profiles to a first approximation. For these composition profiles, the expected photo-luminescence (PL) is computed using the semiconductor luminescence equations. The PL spectra are then compared to experimental measurements for both samples. Contributions of the Author For this work, I performed all STEM investigations and evaluations. The manuscript was written by me except for three paragraphs dealing with MOVPE and PL theory.
Prevalence and correlates of substance use by Egyptian school youth

Loffredo, C. , Shaker, Y. , Jillson, I. , Boulos, D. , Saleh, D. , Garas, M. , Ostrowski, M. , Sun, X. , Chen, X. , Shander, B. , & Amr, S. (2017). Prevalence and correlates of substance use by Egyptian school youth. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 6 (1), 37-51. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.7895/ijadr.v6i1.242 Aims: Substance use among Egyptian youth is an emerging public health problem, yet there is a paucity of information on the prevalence and correlates of these behaviors. To address this gap, we conducted surveys at 25 schools in Egypt in 2013 and 2014. Design: We calculated associations between substance use prevalence and age, gender, residence area, living arrangement, and employment status, along with adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Setting: Cairo region and southern Egypt. Participants: School youth ages 12-18 (N=1,415). Measures: Self-administered survey on the use of cigarettes, waterpipes, alcohol, hashish, bango, heroin, Tramadol, other oral medications, injected substances, and glue/petrol sniffing; together with the amount and frequency of each substance used and age at initiation, in addition to demographic characteristics. Findings: Seventy-two percent of participants were male. Tobacco and cannabinoids were the most commonly used substances by both genders. Males reported smoking cigarettes (25%), waterpipes (15%), and hashish (6%), drinking alcohol (16%), and taking Tramadol (3%). Younger age (12–14 years) and residence outside of Cairo were somewhat protective. Among males, but not females, having a job increased the odds of smoking cigarettes (OR = 1.8, 95% CI [1.3, 2.6]), waterpipes (OR = 1.9, 95% CI [1.2, 2.9]), or hashish (OR = 2.0, 95% CI [1.1, 3.7]). Conclusions: These findings, consistent with reports from other countries, can inform the design and direct the resources of future public health programs targeting adolescents to prevent the onset of substance use and ultimately addiction in Egypt and elsewhere.
Assessment of relation among production and reproduction traits in Sahiwal cattle at an organized herd of northern India

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to assess the relation between different production and reproduction traits in Sahiwal cattle. Data up to sixth parity related to different production and reproduction traits of Sahiwal cattle maintained at an organized herd of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal spread over a span of 29 years (1988–2016) were utilized. Various production and reproduction traits considered were 305-day milk yield (305DMY), total milk yield (TMY), lactation length (LL), dry period (DP), age at calving (AAC), calving to first insemination interval (CFI), days open/service period (DO), calving interval (CI) and pregnancy rate (PR) up to sixth parity. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between different production and reproduction traits were estimated in addition to analysis of graphs between these traits up to sixth parity in Sahiwal cattle. The genetic correlations of 305DMY, TMY and LL with DO and CI were positive. Likewise, the phenotypic correlations of 305DMY, TMY and LL with CFI, DO and CI were significantly positive suggesting that cows with high milk yield have longer calving to first insemination interval, days open and calving interval. These findings confirm antagonistic relation between production and reproduction traits. Therefore, reproduction traits should also be taken into consideration along with production traits for genetic evaluation, selection of superior germplasm as well as for formulating suitable breeding programs for sustainable genetic improvement of Sahiwal cattle. Abbreviations: AAC, age at calving; CFI, calving to first insemination interval; CI, calving interval; 305DMY, 305-day milk yield; DP, dry period; DO, days open; LL, lactation length; TMY, total milk yield; PR, pregnancy rate
CATALYST PREPARATION METHODS TO REDUCE CONTAMINANTS IN A HIGH-YIELD PURIFICATION PROCESS OF MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES

- CoMo/MgO catalysts with low loading of cobalt and molybdenum were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and the sol-gel method for high yield production of carbon nanotubes (CNT). A detailed characterization of the catalysts, as-produced CNT and purified CNT, indicated a relationship between carbon nanotube properties, synthesis and purification steps. Excess of molybdenum in the catalyst caused a decrease in carbon yield and produced CNT with a lower degree of graphitization. Catalysts prepared by the sol-gel method and with higher molybdenum loading showed an improved interaction between cobalt and molybdenum, increasing the formation of CoMoO 4 , which was not completely removed during the purification step. The purification removed all MgO and part of the cobalt and molybdenum present in samples without significant damage to the CNT structure. An increase in sample purity could be achieved by increasing reaction time.