Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Separation and characterisation of biomolecules in effluent from the herring industry

Four types of herring industry processing waters; refrigerated sea water (RSW), storage water (SW), processing water from cutting (PW) and pre-salting brines (SB) were subjected to chemical characterization and biomolecule recovery using electroflocculation (EF) and ultrafiltration (UF). The highest protein and fatty acid content were found in SB’s, up to 12.7 ± 0.3 and 2.5 ± 0.1 g L−1, respectively. Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids represented up to 44.5% of total fatty acids. In all samples, leucine and glutamic acid/glutamine were the dominating amino acids while calcium and magnesium were the dominating trace elements. EF plus UF in series recovered up to 80% proteins and fatty acids from SB’s and reduced chemical oxygen demand by 70%. Foaming and emulsifying properties of biomolecules were improved or unaffected by EF/UF treatment. To conclude, large amounts of biomass are currently lost per ton of processed herring, e.g. ∼9.2 kg proteins and ∼4.1 kg fatty acids; EF/UF represents a promising way of turning such losses to a potential income. Biomolecule Protein Fatty acids © 2015 The Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Skin and the Peritoneal Wall Layer of Triplophysa stenura Distributed in High Elevations

Simple Summary Strong ultraviolet radiation is an extreme environmental characteristic of the Tibetan Plateau. Melanin is the most important light-protective substance that allows fish to resist ultraviolet radiation. In order to explore the melanin protection mechanism of fish in the Tibetan Plateau against strong ultraviolet radiation, Triplophysa stenura distributed in high elevation areas was selected as the research object. Transcriptome differences were compared between skin and peritoneal wall layers with different melanin contents to explore the regulatory genes related to melanin synthesis. This provides basic data for analyzing the molecular mechanism of melanin protection in plateau fish against strong ultraviolet radiation. The results indicate that a total of twenty-three DEGs are enriched in the melanin synthesis pathway by a local Blast comparison, of which nine DEGs are significantly upregulated in the peritoneal wall layer and six DEGs are significantly upregulated in the dorsal and lateral skin. The results suggest that these genes may be associated with the molecular mechanism of melanin synthesis in T. stenura, and the differential regulation of genes may be related to the differences in the UVR intensity and tissue sites of melanin synthesis. Further investigation is needed to determine how these genes specifically regulate melanin synthesis. Abstract A total of 81,868 All-Unigenes were sequenced and assembled by the transcriptome in the dorsal skin, the lateral skin, and the peritoneal wall layer of Triplophysa stenura with a total assembly length of 123,827,585 bp, and 68,750 unigenes were annotated to seven functional databases. A total of 588 DEGs were screened between the dorsal and lateral skin, 17,097 DEGs were screened between the dorsal skin and the peritoneal wall layer, and 16,598 DEGs were screened between the lateral skin and the peritoneal wall layer. Most of DEGs in three tissues were annotated to GO terms related to cellular structures, binding, cellular processes, and catalytic activity. They were also annotated to KEGG pathways such as the MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, melanogenesis, tyrosine metabolism, and cell cycle. A total of twenty-three DEGs were found to be enriched in the melanin synthesis pathway by a local Blast comparison, of which nine DEGs were significantly upregulated in the peritoneal wall layer and six DEGs were significantly upregulated in the dorsal and lateral skin. The results suggest that these genes may be associated with the molecular mechanism of melanin synthesis in T. stenura, and the differential regulation of genes may be related to the differences in UVR intensity and tissue sites of melanin synthesis. Further investigation is needed on how these genes specifically regulate melanin synthesis.
ADIPOCYTES FROM SERCA2 KNOCKOUT MICE EXHIBIT A DYSREGULATION IN THE SECRETION OF ADIPONECTIN AND RESISTIN

Obesity leading to Type-2-diabetes is a major health issue all over the world. Obesity characterized by expansion of adipose tissue, in particular white adipose tissue (WAT) which controls the metabolic physiology in the body by secreting proteins like adiponectin and resistin. Adiponectin has a protective role against diabetes development whereas resistin causes insulin resistance. Protein folding, maturation and translocation is performed by the Endoplasmic reticulum using calcium ions. The calcium homeostasis is maintained by calcium pumps and channels, chief of this is sarco-/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) Ca2+ ATPase pump (SERCA) which restores calcium back to the ER. To study the effect of SERCA2 on adiponectin and resistin secretion in different adipose tissue depots using an adipocyte specific tamoxifen-inducible SERCA2 Knock-out mice, short term secretion experiments were performed. Chemical inhibition of SERCA2 and ER stress was performed in in-vitro experiments using adipocyte like 3T3-L1 cell line. The experiments revealed that SERCA2 dysfunction led to decrease in adiponectin and resistin secretion in normal and stimulant conditions in both male and female mice. In-vitro experiments revealed that ER stress led to misfolded protein accumulation affecting exocytotic events of adiponectin containing vesicles. Therapeutic agents can be formulated to tackle the SERCA2 dysfunction and to maintain calcium homeostasis by identifying these key mechanisms for diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
Global rate and distribution of H2 gas produced by serpentinization within oceanic lithosphere

It has recently been estimated that serpentinization within continental lithosphere produces H2 at rates comparable to oceanic lithosphere (both are ~1011 mol H2/yr). Here we present a simple model that suggests that H2 production rates along the mid‐oceanic ridge alone (i.e., excluding other marine settings) may exceed continental production by an order of magnitude (~1012 mol H2/yr). In our model, H2 production rates increase with spreading rate and the net thickness of serpentinizing peridotite (S‐P) in a column of lithosphere. Lithosphere with a faster spreading rate therefore requires a relatively smaller net thickness of S‐P to produce H2 at the same rate as lithosphere with a slower rate and greater thickness of S‐P. We apply our model globally, incorporating an inverse relationship between spreading rate and net thickness of S‐P to be consistent with observations that serpentinization is more common within lithosphere spreading at slower rates.
Groundwater pollution vulnerability and groundwater protection strategy for the Owerri area, southeastern Nigeria

The vulnerability to pollution of the Owerri regional water supply in, Nigeria, was assessed as the basis for proposing an appropriate strategy for protecting the groundwater resources. The vulnerability assessment was accomplished using the LeGrand, GOD, SIGA, and DRASTIC computer models. The model techniques generally involve parameter rating and point-count systems, based on evaluation of various hydrogeological parameters in relation to their capacity to influence the flow of contaminants in the groundwater system. The Owerri area is generally flat and groundwater recharge is relatively high. The area is underlain by predominantly sandy strata in the north, which grade into gravelly sequences towards the southwest. The southeastern part of the area is underlain in part by a thick clayey faces that thins and interfingers into the gravelly strata. Effective hydraulic conductivity ranges from 5.6 x 10 -9 to 1.44 x 10 -3 m s -1 , the higher value being in the coarse sand and gravel units. The depth to the water table is about 60 m in the north decreasing southward to less than 20m; the hydraulic-head gradient is 9-22%. The southwestern part of the Owerri area including the Owerri conurbation has a high vulnerability to groundwater pollution and therefore waste disposal sites should not be located there. The northern and southeastern areas have moderate and low vulnerabilities, respectively, and carefully selected and engineered sites within those areas could he considered for future waste disposal. Policies should be instituted to facilitate the closing of pollution sources in the area of high vulnerability such as open disposal pits, leaking petrol stations, effluent discharge from industries, and use of pit latrines, and to locate future disposal site in areas of lower vulnerability.
Magnetic monitoring of hydrothermal magnetite nucleation-and-growth: Record of magnetic reversals

Abstract Hematite reduction in the presence of pyrite and CaO led to the formation of anhydrite and magnetite at 30 MPa and 723 K under hydrothermal conditions in a sealed gold container. For the first time, hydrothermal magnetite production was monitored magnetically at the run conditions. Sample magnetic susceptibility was found to follow an Avrami kinetic law with k = 1.5 10-5/s and n = 2.07. Application of up to two external field reversals in the course of the magnetite production reaction shows that partial Chemical Remanent Magnetizations (CRM) are recorded by the sample. The intensity of each partial CRM acquired within a given time interval (under a given field intensity) is proportional to the amount of magnetite produced during that time interval. Alternating magnetic field demagnetization failed at separating these partial CRMs, which are believed to superpose in the (V, Hc) diagram of Néel. Additional TEM, SEM, and magnetic characterizations suggest that continuous nucleation and fast magnetite growth (to a maximum size of ca. 10 mm), compared to the field polarity duration, can account for the evolution of the sample CRM with time. This study demonstrates that one should be cautious when using natural CRM apparent polarity to infer timing of the corresponding chemical event
Growing blood vessels to treat limb ischemia : studie in mice and man

Despite advances in revascularization techniques, limb salvage and relief of pain cannot be achieved in many diabetic patients with diffuse peripheral vascular disease. Our objective was to determine the effect of intramuscular administration of phVEGF 165 (VEGF gene containing plasmid) on Critical Limb Ischemia (CLI) compared to placebo (0.9% NaCl). A double blind placebo controlled study was performed in 54 adult diabetic patients with CLI. The primary end point was the amputation rate at 100 days. Secondary end points were a 15% increase in pressure indices (ABI/TBI), clinical improvement (skin, pain and quality of life (QOL)) and safety. In patients (n=27) treated with placebo versus the phVEGF 165 treated patients (n=27) the following results were found: 6 amputations versus 3 (n.s.), hemodynamic improvement in 1 versus 7 (p=0.05), improvement in skin ulcers 0 versus 7 (p=0.01), decrease in pain 2 versus 5 (n.s), and overall 3 versus 14 responding patients (p=0.003). No grade 3 and 4 adverse effects were seen in these patients. We conclude that this small, randomized gene therapy study, failed to meet the primary objective of significant amputation reduction. However significant and meaningful improvement was found in patients treated with a VEGF 165 containing plasmid. There were no substantial adverse events.
Union wage effects in Australia in a period of declining union power: The role of endowments and returns to endowments

This study explores the union-non-union wage differentials in Australia, using a quantile regression model and simulation-based counterfactual decomposition. We find that wages for unionists are higher, and more equally distributed, compared to non-unionists. The decomposition analysis reveals that the main reason for a positive union-non-union wage differential is the possession of better labour market endowments by unionists compared with non-unionists. We find that union wages are more equally distributed because endowments of key employment characteristics are more homogenously distributed among unionists. A corollary of this is that differences in the returns to endowments, the ‘pure’ union-non-union wage differentials, are estimated to be small, approximately 0 to 4 per cent for males and 0 to 2 per cent for females.
Role of endoscopy in primary sclerosing cholangitis: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) Clinical Guideline

: 1 ESGE/EASL recommend that, as the primary diagnostic modality for PSC, magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) should be preferred over endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Moderate quality evidence, strong recommendation. 2 ESGE/EASL suggest that ERCP can be considered if MRC plus liver biopsy is equivocal or contraindicated in patients with persisting clinical suspicion of PSC. The risks of ERCP have to be weighed against the potential benefit with regard to surveillance and treatment recommendations.Low quality evidence, weak recommendation. 6 ESGE/EASL suggest that, in patients with an established diagnosis of PSC, MRC should be considered before therapeutic ERCP.Weak recommendation, low quality evidence. 7 ESGE/EASL suggest performing endoscopic treatment with concomitant ductal sampling (brush cytology, endobiliary biopsies) of suspected significant strictures identified at MRC in PSC patients who present with symptoms likely to improve following endoscopic treatment.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 9 ES-GE/EASL recommend weighing the anticipated benefits of biliary papillotomy/sphincterotomy against its risks on a case-by-case basis.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.Biliary papilloto-my/sphincterotomy should be considered especially after diﬀicult cannulation.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 16 ESGE/EASL suggest routine administration of prophylactic antibiotics before ERCP in patients with PSC.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 17 EASL/ESGE recommend that cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) should be suspected in any patient with worsening cholestasis, weight loss, raised serum CA19-9, and/or new or progressive dominant stricture, particularly with an associated enhancing mass lesion.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 19 ESGE/EASL recommend ductal sampling (brush cytology, endobiliary biopsies) as part of the initial investigation for the diagnosis and staging of suspected CCA in patients with PSC.Strong recommendation, high quality evidence. This Guideline is an official statement of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) on the role of endoscopy in primary sclerosing cholangitis. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was adopted to define the strength of recommendations and the quality of evidence. guidewire-assisted biliary cannulation, endoscopic sphincteroplasty, pancreatic sphincterotomy, and presence of more than three of the following risk factors: gender, previous pancreatitis, younger age, nondilated extrahepatic bile ducts, absence of chronic pancreatitis, normal serum bilirubin, duration of cannulation attempts >10min, >1 pancreatic guidewire passage, pancreatic injection, failure to clear bile duct stones, intraductal ultrasound.
of Human

Glutathione transferase zeta1 (GSTZ1) catalyzes glutathione (GSH)-dependent dechlorination of dichloroacetate (DCA), an investigational drug with therapeutic potential in metabolic disorders and cancer. GSTZ1 is expressed in both hepatic cytosol and mitochondria. Here, we examined the ontogeny and characterized the properties of human mitochondrial GSTZ1. GSTZ1 expression and activity with DCA were determined in 103 human hepatic mitochondrial samples prepared from livers of donors aged 1 day to 84 years. DNA from each sample was genotyped for three common GSTZ1 functional single nucleotide polymorphisms. Expression of mitochondrial GSTZ1 protein increased in an age-dependent manner to a plateau after age 21 years. Activity with DCA correlated with expression, after taking into account the somewhat higher activity of samples that were homo-or heterozygous for GSTZ1A. In samples from livers with the GSTZ1C variant, apparent enzyme kinetic constants for DCA and GSH were similar for mitochondria and cytosol after correcting for the loss of GSH observed in mitochondrial incubations. In the presence of 38 mM chloride, mitochondrial GSTZ1 exhibited shorter half-lives of inactivation compared with the cytosolic enzyme ( p=0.017 ). GSTZ1 protein isolated from mitochondria was shown by mass spectrometry to be identical to cytosolic GSTZ1 protein in the covered primary protein sequence. In summary, we report age-related development in the expression and activity of human hepatic mitochondrial GSTZ1 does not have the same pattern as that reported for cytosolic GSTZ1. Some properties of cytosolic and mitochondrial GSTZ1 differed, but these were not related to differences in amino acid sequence or post-translationally modified residues.
Toxic Assets: How the Housing Market Responds to Environmental Information Shocks

In 1998, a number of polluting industries, including fossil fuel power plants, were added to the list of firms publicly reporting pollution releases in the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI). This caused a large increase in reported toxic pollution, and a corresponding decrease in median housing prices of 2-3 percent in impacted areas. Contrary to prior findings that TRI information does not influence household actions, I find the additional TRI data caused households to revise priors on ambient pollution levels. This implies that, even with market-based environmental regulation, there remains a role for government as provider of information on environmental conditions.
Gauge Theory and Low-Dimensional Topology: Progress and Interaction

We discuss functoriality properties of the Ozsváth–Szabó contact invariant, and expose a number of results which seemed destined for folklore. We clarify the (in)dependence of the invariant on the basepoint, prove that it is functorial with respect to contactomorphisms, and show that it is strongly functorial under Stein cobordisms.
BCG-induced T cells shape Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection before reducing the bacterial burden

Growing evidence suggests the outcome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is established rapidly after exposure, but how the current tuberculosis vaccine, BCG, impacts early immunity is poorly understood. Here we found that murine BCG immunization promotes a dramatic shift in infected cell types. While alveolar macrophages (AM) are the major infected cell for the first two weeks in unimmunized animals, BCG promotes the accelerated recruitment and infection of lung infiltrating phagocytes. Interestingly, this shift is dependent on CD4 T cells, yet does not require intrinsic recognition of antigen presented by infected AM. Mtb-specific T cells are first activated in lung regions devoid of infected cells, and these events precede vaccine-induced reduction of the bacterial burden, which occurs only after the co-localization of T cells and infected cells. Understanding how BCG alters early immune responses to Mtb provides new avenues to improve upon the immunity it confers.
The Possibility of Using N-acetylcysteine as a Treatment for COVID-19 Patients

In most countries, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains a severe public health threat. In COVID-19 individuals, the causative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2) virus can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome and result in mortality. Not only do oxidative mechanisms play a role in chronic degenerative diseases, but as viral respiratory disorders. Reduced glutathione (GSH), which is decreased in SARS-CoV-2 infection, plays a critical function in protecting against oxidants. Antioxidants work by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and blocking oxidant-producing enzymes to counteract the effects of oxidants. As an anti-COVID-19 agent, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of GSH, is of special relevance. Furthermore, NAC and its derivatives have a wide range of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms that could be used to prevent and treat COVID-19. Oral use of NAC, as shown in a recent clinical trial investigating influenza and influenza-like diseases, may be expected to reduce the chance of developing COVID-19. NAC's ability to replenish GSH levels has recently been shown in clinical trials to enhance coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, particularly in high-risk people. Given the biochemical background, existing therapeutic usage of NAC, and newly collected evidence on its potential efficacy against COVID-19, it is worthwhile to research further if this medication can be utilized as a treatment or adjuvant for COVID-19.
Full-Angle DEM Generation Based on Repeat-Pass L-Band CSAR Interferometry—Theory and Experimental Results

In recent years, the generation of high-precision ground digital elevation models (DEMs) based on synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) technology has attracted wide attention. Compared with the traditional linear InSAR technique, a 360° aperture gives circular InSAR (In-CSAR) the capability to generate a full-angle DEM of the observed region. Due to the highly nonlinear platform trajectories, the backprojection algorithm (BPA) is used to obtain the subimages and interferograms. In this article, spectral characteristics of the back projection (BP)-focusing subimages, including 2-D spectral ambiguity and space-variant spectral support, are derived in detail. Using these characteristics, an improved BPA to ensure the accuracy of the interferograms is proposed, which takes the shape and position of the subaperture into consideration. Without external DEM, an effective method of full-angle DEM generation is proposed for an airborne repeat-pass ${L}$ -band In-CSAR system. Based on the weighted fusion of multiple observations, the proposed subaperture strategy can improve the accuracy of the full-angle DEM. The experimental results indicate that the proposed strategy can generate more accurate DEMs (with an average error of 0.69 m). Moreover, the first real 360° DEM results acquired by our developed ${L}$ -band In-CSAR system are given in this article. The effectiveness and practicability of the proposed approach are verified with the processing results of simulation and real data.
Stability of a General Class of Power Control Algorithms With Single-Step Feedback in Wireless Networks

There have been significant research efforts toward clarifying the stability of power control algorithms in wireless networks, but prior work on this topic has a key limitation, i.e., the finite-capacity nature of realistic feedback channels has not been taken considered. Under such a background, this technical note analyzes the stability of a general class of power control algorithms with single-step feedback, which implies that the feedback channel can only convey a single-step command by just using 1 bit at each time step. We first construct the system model that is generalized from a widely used power control scheme in many practical cellular networks. This system model can specify the power update behavior for a class of power control algorithms that satisfy certain properties by formulating a generalized interference function from the interference terms of these power control algorithms. We then develop an analytical framework, which shows that the considered system is uniformly asymptotically stable if proper conditions are satisfied. This framework is able to tackle the interference function with time-varying delay. Moreover, we propose parametric adaptive procedures of power control, which can adjust their parameters on demand.