Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of implementing community strategy on maternal and child health outcomes in Kenya

Scaling up the implementation of community strategy model is essential in reversing the poor health indicators in Kenya. The model aims at empowering households and communities to take charge of improving their own health through implementation of some critical interventions. The study aimed at establishing effectiveness of the community strategy on maternal and child health outcomes. The study adopted a comparative cross sectional design using both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Selected districts in Kenya where the strategy had been implemented for at least six months formed the study sites, which involved 3834 heads of households from both intervention and comparison sites. The intervention sites had 74% of children fully immunized compared to 52% for the comparisons (p = 0.0013). Further to this, 37.4% of respondents from intervention sites attended at least 4 Antenatal Clinic visits compared to 24.8% in comparisons sites (p = 0.000). There was a significant reduction in fever (p = 0.003) and diarrhea (p = 0.0001) in children. Our study concludes that the Kenyan community strategy is an effective model that is associated with significant improvements of maternal and childhood health indicators thus a countrywide roll out recommended
Continuous information and the FIP hypothesis: Empirical evidence from the Finnish stock market

This paper tests the FIP hypothesis in the Finnish stock market. The hypothesis predicts that there is a relationship between continuous information and momentum. The results of this paper suggest that there is a statistically significant difference between the returns of portfolios that contain continuous information and portfolios that contain discrete information. The paper shows that the returns of momentum portfolio gradually decrease when moving towards more discrete information. These findings support the FIP hypothesis, and signal that investors underreact to continuous information or have a delay in processing that.
Fitness Evaluation of Phytophthora infestans Isolates Collected from Punjab, Pakistan During 2017-18

Potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) is an important disease causing severe damage in potato crop worldwide. Seventy seven isolates of P. infestans selected on the basis of aggressiveness were characterized for pathogen fitness test based on their lesion size, latent incubation period and sporulation capacity after their inoculation onto detached leaves of potato. The results showed that large variations in pathogen fitness were present among isolates for each regional P. infestans population studied. Those isolates selected during 2017-18 exhibited 85% and 74% successful pathogen fitness behavior respectively. Those isolates which had higher composite fitness index values were observed higher lesion size and spore count and same trend of pathogen fitness parameters was observed with respect to their districts during both the years.This is the first inclusive study to determine pathogen fitness of isolates in Pakistan. The experimental findings indicated that population of P. infestans in the Punjab province comprises diverse isolates with low to high fitness potential. A future challenge planned to combine our accumulated knowledge with that from other scientific fields to develop a disease management approach for late blight.
Syntactic complexity and verbal working memory in bilingual children with and without Developmental Language Disorder

Sentence repetition (SR) tasks have been shown to be excellent indicators of Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). However, there is still no consensus about which core ability they measure: language vs. Verbal Short-Term Memory (VSTM) and Verbal Working Memory (WM). Moreover, very few studies have investigated whether variables predicting SR performance differ in children with DLD compared to typically developing (TD) children, especially concerning bilingual children. This article reports on an SR study of 76 5- to 8-year-old bilingual children with (n = 23) and without (n = 53) DLD. The Bi-DLD group displayed significantly lower scores than the Bi-TD group on SR and on VSTM and WM measures. Regression analyses showed that SR was mainly linked to WM in the Bi-DLD group, but not in the TD group, where SR was mainly linked to (independent) language measures. This suggests that children with DLD, who have deficient linguistic knowledge, may rely more on their general processing ability (i.e. WM) in contrast to Bi-TD children, whose language skills are normal, and thus can be solicited for SR. Moreover, individual results suggested that performance on SR does not depend on minimal VSTM or WM spans.
Electrochemical migration and corrosion behaviours of SAC305 reinforced by NiO, Fe2O3, TiO2 nanoparticles in NaCl solution

Pb-free solders incorporated with nano-sized particles have been identified, as potential Pb-free nanocomposite solders that could provide higher microstructure stability and better mechanical properties than the conventional solders. Nowadays, the miniaturizations of electronic devices increase in their usage have increased the risk of failure due to ion migration and corrosion phenomena. This research investigates the effects the electrochemical migration (ECM) and corrosion behaviour of Sn- 3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) reinforced by NiO, Fe2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles in 0.1M NaCl solution. The SAC305 solder alloys were doped with different percentages of NiO, Fe2O3 and TiO2 at nominal percentages of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.15 wt% in producing nanocomposite solder paste. Then, the solder paste has flowed in the reflow oven at the temperature of 240°C. After that, the Water Drop Test (WDT) was performed using 0.1 M NaCl solution to investigate the ion migration behaviour and Potentiodyamic Tafel Polarization technique to determine the corrosion behaviour on the solder alloys. In general, the results showed the mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) of SAC305 solder alloy increased when added of the nanoparticles of NiO, Fe2O3 and TiO2. Besides, SAC305-TiO2 has the longest MTTF in 0.1 M NaCl solution followed by SAC305-Fe2O3 and SAC305-NiO nanoparticles. This results is believed due to the presence of nanoparticles as the alloying element in the solder that hinder the process of ECM to suppress the growth of the dendrites accelerating for the short circuit occurs and causes the failure of the IPC-24 test board. The potentiodynamic polarization curve results exhibit the SAC305 with nanoparticles decreased the corrosion rate compared with SAC305 solder alloy only. SAC305 with NiO and TiO2 have slightly lower corrosion rates compared with Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Therefore, SAC305 reinforced by TiO2, Fe2O3 and NiO nanoparticles exhibited excellent ECM and corrosion resistance behaviours in the 0.1 M NaCl solution.
Fraccidents: The Impact of Fracking on Road Traffic Deaths

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing, a.k. a. , fracking, requires intense truck trips to transport a large volume of water within a narrow time window, posing a safety threat to other road users. This paper examines how fracking-related trucking affects fatal crashes in North Dakota using the exogenous timing of fracking operations near a road segment. The results show that an additional post-fracking well within six miles of a road segment led to 8% more fatal crashes and 7.1% higher per-capita costs in accidents. Transport activities at wells’ other operational stages did not affect fatal crashes. These additional fatal crashes emerged mainly from collisions involving trucks, resulted from a higher traffic volume rather than a higher crash rate and occurred during daytime rush hours rather than during the rest of the day. Alcohol-involved drivers increased among these fatal crashes most likely due to their vulnerability to heavier fracking-induced traffic rather than more alcohol-involved truck drivers near the fracking sites.
Signature of Ocean Warming at the Mixed Layer Base

The warming climate influences the ocean by changing its wind‐driven dynamics and by inputting extra heat. This study analyzes the warming where temperature anomalies penetrate the ocean interior, that is, by focusing on the winter mixed layer base. This allows to distinguish regions where ocean circulation contributes to warm anomalies from locations where density‐compensated temperature anomalies locally enter the ocean along isopycnals. Multidecadal (1980–2018) local temperature trends from a hydrographic data set are examined at the winter mixed layer base and partitioned into components relating to isopycnal movement (heave) and change along isopycnals (spice). Subtropical gyres and western boundary currents show warming larger than the global average that mostly projects onto heave. This is the result of the strengthening of the circulation in the Southern Hemisphere subtropical gyres and is related to both wind‐driven changes and Southern Ocean warming. Subtropical regions of surface salinity maxima are influenced by warm anomalies along isopycnals.
An image-computable model of human visual shape similarity

Shape is a defining feature of objects. Yet, no image-computable model accurately predicts how similar or different shapes appear to human observers. To address this, we developed a model (‘ShapeComp’), based on over 100 shape features (e.g., area, compactness, Fourier descriptors). When trained to capture the variance in a database of >25,000 animal silhouettes, ShapeComp predicts human shape similarity judgments almost perfectly (r2>0.99) without fitting any parameters to human data. To test the model, we created carefully selected arrays of complex novel shapes using a Generative Adversarial Network trained on the animal silhouettes, which we presented to observers in a wide range of tasks. Our findings show that human shape perception is inherently multidimensional and optimized for comparing natural shapes. ShapeComp outperforms conventional metrics, and can also be used to generate perceptually uniform stimulus sets, making it a powerful tool for investigating shape and object representations in the human brain.
Internalized HIV Stigma, Mental Health, Coping, and Perceived Social Support among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Aizawl District, Mizoram

AIDS is a global pandemic, and persons with HIV/AIDS are stigmatized throughout the world in varying degrees. The current study is a pilot study for a further in-depth study to understand the psychological implications of living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The study employed a quantitative approach with an aim to find out the level and prevalence of Internalized HIV Stigma (IHS) and to examine the mental health, coping strategies and perceived social support in a sample of 31 People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Two-way classification of “Gender” (male and female) and three-way classification of “Level of IHS” (High IHS, Moderate IHS and Low IHS) on the dependent variables was employed, to elucidate the relationships between Internalized Stigma, Mental Health, Coping and perceived social support. The overall analysis revealed moderate levels of IHS (64.5%), depression (35.5%), and perceived social support (54.8%), and low level of anxiety (54.8%). It was also seen that majority (54.84%) employed emotion-oriented coping strategy. No significant gender differences were found in IHS. However, significant gender differences were found in levels of depression (p < 0.05) and Emotion-oriented coping (p < 0.05). Further analysis revealed that the two subscales of the IHS measure i.e. Stereotypes of HIV and Social Relationships stigma were significantly and positively correlated with anxiety (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively).
The influence of Structured Physical Activity Intervention on Fundamental Motor Skills Development of Children with Mild and Moderate Autism Spectrum Disorder

The children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have impairment of gross motor skills. However, the motor deficiency is not a part of diagnosis of ASD. Majority of the people with ASD have motor imbalanced that affected serious health issues, body posture and PA performance. The major purposes of the study were to examine the impact of a structured physical activity programme on gross motor skills development on mild and moderate ASD. In order to achieve this purposes, the researcher has firmed two objectives namely (1) influence of PA intervention on gross motor development (locomotors & object control skills) of children with ASD and (2) influential comparisons of treatment effect between mild and moderate children with ASD. Purposive sampling technique was implemented to recruiting participants and a total of 20 samples were fixed after screening with the chronological age range in between 6 to 10 years and they deployed in two groups based on the degree of autism (Mild and Moderate). The total duration of experimentation last to 14 weeks, three times per week and each session having 40-60 minutes. Outcome variables (DV) were measured in three-time period (initial, mid, & post-test) and repeated measures ANOVA was used to find out the significant differences. The present study, demonstrate the substantial benefits for children with ASD through the structured PA programme. The locomotors skills have shown the statically significant (mild group f=52.66*, P<0.05/ Moderate ASD f=54.92*, P<0.05). In terms of object control skills also found significant differences with the effect of PA intervention (Mild ASD f=60.51* P<0.05/ Moderate ASD f=77.28* P<0.05). However, the group-wise comparison showed not significant difference between mild and moderate ASD. The present study concluded that 14 weeks structured PA programme was showed the gross motor skills development of children with mild and moderate ASD.
The Federal Reserve Review of Its Monetary Policy Framework

This article offers an overview of the monetary policy framework review currently being conducted by the United States Federal Reserve (Fed). First, we examine the alternative strategies under consideration to address the likely greater incidence of episodes in which monetary policy is influenced by the existence of an effective lower bound (ELB) to which the policy rate can fall. We also discuss how the available empirical evidence drawn from the Fed’s own experience makes it likely that it will retain in its toolkit the non-conventional monetary policy instruments adopted in the wake of the global financial crisis to tackle the problem of the greater incidence of the ELB: namely, quantitative easing and forward guidance. Finally, we analyse possible changes in the Fed’s communications policy.
Individual signatures outweigh social group identity in contact calls of a communally nesting parrot

Despite longstanding interest in the evolutionary origins and maintenance of vocal learning, we know relatively little about how social dynamics influence vocal learning processes in natural populations. The “signaling group membership” hypothesis proposes that socially learned calls evolved and are maintained as signals of group membership. However, in fission–fusion societies, individuals can interact in social groups across various social scales. For learned calls to signal group membership over multiple social scales, they must contain information about group membership over each of these scales, a concept termed “hierarchical mapping. ” Monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus), small parrots native to South America, exhibit vocal mimicry in captivity and fission–fusion social dynamics in the wild. We examined patterns of contact call acoustic similarity in Uruguay to test the hierarchical mapping assumption of the signaling group membership hypothesis. We also asked whether geographic variation patterns matched regional dialects or geographic clines that have been documented in other vocal learning species. We used visual inspection, spectrographic cross-correlation and random forests, a machine learning approach, to evaluate contact call similarity. We compared acoustic similarity across social scales and geographic distance using Mantel tests and spatial autocorrelation. We found high similarity within individuals, and low, albeit significant, similarity within groups at the pair, flock and site social scales. Patterns of acoustic similarity over geographic distance did not match mosaic or graded patterns expected in dialectal or clinal variation. Our findings suggest that monk parakeet social interactions rely more heavily upon individual recognition than group membership at higher social scales.
From regulation to projection: Reliance on regulatory mode in predictions about others

Much of social life hinges on the ability to infer others' thoughts, feelings, and states. For example, imagine having to hire a new team member and wanting to gauge to what extent a candidate might be motivated by a transactional relative to a transformational leader or be inclined to reconcile after interpersonal conflict. You might also want to know whether she has a humorous temper or is prone to nostalgia. Despite lacking substantial information about this person and not having direct access to her mind, you could rely on a useful proxy: your own mind. In doing so, you would not be alone: People generally tend to overestimate the degree of similarity between others and themselves and use the self and self-knowledge as a starting point when making social inferences and predictions (Epley, Keysar, Van Boven, & Gilovich, 2004; Nickerson, 1999), projecting their own inclinations and preferences onto others (Krueger, 2000, 2007; Ross, Greene, & House, 1977). This proposition that people's default strategy when they infer other people's feelings, preferences, attitudes, and more is to generalize by drawing an analogy between themselves and the other person underlies various approaches to egocentrism and projection in social judgments (e.g., Alicke, Dunning, & Krueger, 2005; Ames, 2004a, 2004b; Epley et al., 2004; Heider, 1958; Holmes, 1968; Krueger, 2000, 2007; Mussweiler, 2003; Nickerson, 1999; Tamir & Mitchell, 2013; van Boven & Loewenstein, 2003, 2005; but see Karniol, 2003). Indeed, relying on self-knowledge may be a reasonable heuristic when faced with limited information (Dawes, 1989; Krueger, 2007). The present research examined whether social predictions are shaped by people's own regulatory mode (Higgins, Kruglanski, & Pierro, 2003; Kruglanski et al., 2000). As detailed below, self-judgments in the opening example's domains are sensitive to people's regulatory mode on locomotion (concerned with movement from one state to another) versus assessment (concerned with making comparisons and judgments before acting). Specifically, as a consequence of having a stronger locomotion rather than assessment orientation people prefer a transformational to a transactional leader (Benjamin & Flynn, 2006) Received: 10 January 2019 | Accepted: 31 December 2019 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2660
Phase I Dose-Escalation Trial of SB1518, a Novel JAK2/FLT3 Inhibitor, in Acute and Chronic Myeloid Diseases, Including Primary or Post-Essential Thrombocythemia/ Polycythemia Vera Myelofibrosis.

Abstract 3905 Poster Board III-841 Mutation of Janus Associated Kinase 2 (JAK2) at amino acid 617 and the resulting constitutively active JAK2V617F enzyme has been linked to the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Fms-like Kinase 3 (FLT3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed by immature hematopoietic cells. FLT3 abnormalities are present in ∼30% of acute myelogenous leukemias (AML). SB1518 is a potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of both JAK2 (IC50 = 22 nM) and its JAK2V617F mutant (IC50 = 19 nM) that is selective for JAK2 inhibition compared to JAK1 and JAK3 (58 and 24 fold, respectively). It also potently inhibits FLT3 (IC50 = 22 nM) and its mutant D835Y (IC50 = 6 nM). SB1518 inhibits proliferation of human leukemia and lymphoma cell lines dependent on either JAK2 or FLT3 activation (IC50 =35-240 nM), and has antitumor activity in nude mouse models of FLT3- (MV4-11) or JAK2-dependent (BaF3-JAK2V617F) leukemia. Based on these encouraging data, SB1518 is being evaluated in subjects with acute and chronic myeloid diseases in a Phase I dose escalation study. Objectives of the trial are to determine the safety, tolerability and PK/PD profile of SB1518 when administered orally once daily continuously in 28-day cycles. Thirty-six patients have been enrolled to date and treated at 6 dose levels, from 100-600 mg daily: 31/36 myelofibrosis (MF), 5/36 AML. Median number of prior therapies was 2. At 600 mg, 3 of 6 patients experienced dose-limiting toxicity (GI symptoms requiring drug interruption). All 3 recovered and restarted SB1518 at a reduced dose. The most common related adverse events have been diarrhea 33% (4% Grade 3), nausea 13% (all Grade 1/2), and thrombocytopenia 4% (all Grade 3/4). Four deaths have occurred due to disease progression or intercurrent illness. To date, twenty-two patients remain on study and enrollment is on-going. Thirteen patients have been treated for ≥6 months and 3 ≥1 year. 21 MF patients are evaluable for response: 7/17 (41%) with palpable splenomegaly had a decrease in spleen size by physical exam of ≥ 35%, of which 4 (24%) had a decrease of ≥50%. SB1518 was rapidly absorbed with Tmax of 3-5 hours and mean elimination half-life of 2-3 days. There was no drug accumulation after repeated cycles of administration. Pharmacologically active levels were achieved at the starting dose level of 100 mg based on target efficacy biomarker assessment. Measurement of pSTAT3 and pSTAT5 in fixed whole blood and lysed peripheral blood mononuclear cells on the first day of dosing showed inhibition of pSTAT3 and pSTAT5 4-6 hours post dose at all dose levels. In conclusion, SB1518 was well tolerated at doses up to 500 mg daily in advanced patients with MF and AML, and shows promising clinical activity in MF patients with splenomegaly. Disclosures: Wood: S * BIO PTE LTD: Employment. Ethirajulu: S * BIO PTE LTD: Employment. Lowe: S * BIO PTE LTD: Consultancy. Zhu: S * BIO PTE LTD: Employment.