Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies of acoustic waves, noise and charge pumping using single-electron devices

This thesis covers a range of experiments on single-electron devices, electrical circuits that utilize the discreetness of the electron charge. The Single-Electron Transistor (SET) is of special importance among these, being the most sensitive electrometer demonstrated, and sufficiently mature to serve as a building block in sensors and detectors for physical phenomena that can be transformed into charge signals. Such an example is the use of the SET as a local probe for Surface Acoustic Waves (SAW), demonstrated here for the first time. The SAW is a mechanical wave propagating on the surface of a solid, in this case a GaAs substrate. Due to the piezoelectricity of GaAs, the SAW is accompanied by a wave of electrical polarization which couples efficiently to an SET deposited on the same substrate. The experiments demonstrate a sensitivity to surface displacement of 30 am/√Hz, which is 2–3 orders of magnitude better than in previous SAW experiments. The SET is located between two on-chip acoustic reflectors separated by 2.9 mm, and has a sufficient measurement bandwidth to resolve the echoes of acoustic pulses between the reflectors. The resolution when averaging over many pulses is sufficient to resolve an average energy of h f per pulse reaching the SET. These experiments, along with associated theoretical treatments, indicate that studies on propagating acoustic waves in the quantum mechanical regime are feasible. The high charge sensitivity of the SET was also applied in prototypes for detection of single optical photons, where photo-generated electron-hole pairs near the surface of a semiconductor heterostructure are separated and transported to within the detection range of SETs deposited on the same chip. Another part of the thesis concerns the characterization of charge noise, which limits performance in SETs and related devices such as qubits and electron pumps. The dependence of the noise level on temperature and SET bias conditions is investigated, as well as its connection to the long-term relaxation observed after sudden application of a strong electric field. The results show that the sources of charge noise are in thermal equilibrium also at comparatively low temperature, and are in strong thermal contact with the electrons residing in the SET. This gives an indication about the microscopic nature and possible locations of the noise sources. The final part of the thesis is devoted to the study of quantized current sources, devices which can transport electrons one by one through a circuit at a controlled rate. To be com- parable with other metrological standards, such a current source must be accurate to around one part in 10^8, which requires careful study and elimination of all possible error sources. Errors due to Photon-Assisted Tunneling were studied in a resistively terminated multi-junction pump, and errors due to Andreev tunneling were demonstrated in a hybrid SINIS electron turnstile. The latter experiment shows that errors due to Andreev tunneling is reduced sub- stantially in turnstiles with high charging energy.
Spectrophotometric characterization of interstellar comet 2I/Borisov before perihelion passage

Comets are primitive objects which formed in the outer parts of the proto-planetary disk, beyond the snow line. They can provide key information about the origins of our Solar System and its primordial nebula. The latest interstellar visitor [1], comet 2I/Borisov (initially designated C/2019 Q4), has given us the chance to have a probe from this environment of an unknown star
Dependence of the Fe(II)-Gallic Acid Coordination Compound Formation Constant on the pH

One important property of tannins involves their ability to form coordination compounds with metal ions, which is vital for the bioavailability of these ions, as well as for the antibacterial and antioxidative activities of tannins. In this study, the pH dependence of interactions between gallic acid, one of the basic building blocks of tannins, and Fe(II) ions, was investigated using UV/Vis spectroscopy, in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, two models were developed to explain the processes taking place in the solution. The first model treated the reaction as a simple bimolecular process while the second also considered the protolytic equilibrium, which was proven very successful in discerning the pH dependence of formation constants, and whose assumptions were well supported by DFT calculations. We showed that the two-time deprotonated gallic acid species forms the coordination compound with Fe(II) ions in a 1:1 molar ratio. To gain better insight into the process, the coordination compound formation was also studied using various DFT functionals, which further supported the model results. Furthermore, due to the relatively low sample amounts needed, the methodology developed here will be useful to study compounds that are more difficult to isolate.
Designing for tangible interaction

53 6 ALTERNATIVE TOOLS FOR TANGIBLE INTERACTION: A USABILITY EVALUATION 54 Abstract 54 Introduction 54 Pilot Study 61 Experiment 63 ExperimentalResults and Discussion 64 Discussion andConclusion 70 Acknowledgements 7054 Introduction 54 Pilot Study 61 Experiment 63 ExperimentalResults and Discussion 64 Discussion andConclusion 70 Acknowledgements 70 7 CAMERA CONTROL IN A PLANAR, GRASPABLE INTERFACE 71 ABSTRACT 71
Prevalence and factors associated with non-use of health services in the Peruvian population with COVID-19 symptomatology: a secondary analysis of the 2020 National Household Survey

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of non-use of health services (NUHS) and its associated factors in Peruvians with symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS A secondary analysis of the 2020 National Household Survey (ENAHO) was carried out. Participants over 18 years of age with any COVID-19 symptom (fever, cough, sensation of shortness of breath) in the last 4 weeks who did not visit health services were defined as exhibiting NUHS. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) were estimated to determine the factors associated with NUHS. RESULTS Data from 1,856 participants were analyzed; the prevalence of NUHS was 52.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48.0 to 56.5). Living in urban areas of the jungle (aPR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.98; p<0.001) and rural areas of the jungle (aPR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.90; p=0.002) was associated with a higher probability of NUHS than living in urban coastal areas. The factors associated with a lower probability of NUHS were being 50-59 years old (aPR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.90) and 60 years and over (aPR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.95), having a secondary educational level (aPR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.93) or superior educational level (aPR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.96), and having health insurance (aPR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.92). CONCLUSIONS More than half of the participants with COVID-19 symptoms did not use health services, and NUHS was associated with the geographic and socio-demographic characteristics of the population. The formulation of health strategies and programs is required to increase the use of health services by people with COVID-19 symptoms.
Attitude on Premarital Sex, Marriage and Family Size among Adolescents in Pokhara Valley

This is a cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to assess the attitude on premarital sex, marriage and family size among school going adolescents in Pokhara valley in 2006. The study included 400 students carried out from 170 from 8 government schools and 230 from 8 private schools of the classes X, XI, and XII of the Pokhara valley. The self administered questionnaire prepared in Nepali method was applied for collecting information from randomly selected students in each selected school. Out of total, 57.5 % students were boys and 91% were in age group of 15-18 years. About two-fifths (41%) of the students did not agree with the statement that “premarital sex is not good”. This attitude was higher in boys than girls (46% versus 34%) and in government school students than private school students (57% versus 33%). More than half (62%) students preferred arranged marriage, and it comprised 73% of girls and 53% of boys. Almost all of the students (97%) were of the opinion that a couple should not have more than two children. Of total, 85% of the students’ preferred to have one son. The preference of a son is slightly higher in girls (87%) than in boys (84%). About half of the students (53%) were aware that biologically male is responsible for the sex of the child. This knowledge was higher in the boys (54%) and those studying in government school (58%) than girl students (51%) and private school students (50%). This concludes that male were more liberal towards premarital sex, self arranged marriage, sex preference than girls. Key words: Attitude, Premarital Sex, Marriage, Adolescents, Family Size
Understanding Inkjet Printed Pattern Generation

Inkjet printing has been actively pursued as a means of realizing integrated electronic devices. To date, the vast majority of work on this topic has centered on the development of inks and process integration, while little research has focused on the details of pattern generation. In this work, we first examine inkjet-printed conductive lines. We show several different printed-line morphologies and explain the causes of these forms of varying utility. More generally, we develop and demonstrate a methodology to optimize the raster-scan printing of patterned, two-dimensional films. We show that any fixed line spacing can not maintain the constant perimeter contact angle necessary for arbitrary patterned footprints. We propose and demonstrate a printing algorithm that adjusts line spacing to print optimal features. Our work analyzing patterned drops reveals that drop contact angle is a function of position and shape. Numerical solutions to the Young-Laplace equation enable us to predict the sharpest corners possible in a rectangular bead with a given wetting behavior. We verify our computational results with printed rectangles on substrates with variable wetting. Finally, we motivate future research directions including general solutions to a patterned drop's surface in any corner and the behavior of line junctions and other concave corners of printed lines.
Practical machinery management for process plants. Volume 2: Machinery failure analysis and troubleshooting

This book offers methods for analyzing and troubleshooting machinery component distress. It is a systematic approach to machinery failures involving gears, rolling-element bearing, sliding bearings, bolting, couplings, mechanical seals, pumps, compressors, electric motors, steam turbines, and similar equipment. It treats formal failure-analysis reporting techniques in depth, showing organizational and procedural requirements for the successful definition of root-cause problems. the text devotes coverage to vibration analysis, emphasizing spectrum analysis and pattern recognition, and the meaning of definable differences in good vs. detective machinery vibration signature spectra. It also covers the application of sneak analysis.
Subtractive versus Multiplicative Habits in Environmental Economics

The present paper presents overlapping generations set-up with internal habits in consumption and the presence of environmental quality in the utility function. The modeling of habits implies that the consumer preferences are influenced not only by a household’s own current consumption, but also by their personal past consumption. Our main objective is to study and compare the impacts of first subtractive second multiplicative internal habits on the environmental quality and the capital accumulation through a comparative static behavior at the stable steady state equilibrium. By changing the way the habit is specified, we have shown that introducing habit can lead to different findings regarding the capital and the environment.
Length-Weight Relationships, Condition Factor and Growth Parameters of Periophthalmus chrysospilos (Bleeker, 1852) (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae), in Bayan Bay, Penang, Malaysia

This study reports the length-weight relationships (LWR), body condition factor (Kn) and growth parameters of Periophthalmus chrysospilos in Bayan Bay of Penang, Malaysia. The values of exponent b for all categories of fish were higher than 3 indicating a positive allometric growth. The mean condition factor (Kn) for all categories of fish also higher than 1 which reflect the well beings of fish in the study area. The b values of LWR and condition factors for male was similar to female fish, but the b values of LWR and condition factors were significantly higher in rainy months compared to the dry months. The parameters of population dynamic show the asymptotic length (L∞) of 13.20 cm, growth coefficient (K) of 0.68 year-1, growth performance index (O’) of 2.074, total mortality (Z) of 2.47 year-1, and fishing mortality (F) of 0.70 year-1. The exploitation level (E) was 0.28 year-1 indicating of low exploitation and estimation of length at first capture was 7.69 cm. The annual recruitment pattern of P. chrysospilos was recruited in two peaks per year.
ASSESSING THE COMPETENCE OF NURSES IN RENDERING POSTPARTUM CARE AND ITS EFFECT ON WOMEN'S SATISFACTION

ASSESSING THE COMPETENCE OF NURSES IN RENDERING POSTPARTUM CARE AND ITS EFFECT ON WOMEN'S SATISFACTION Background: Competence of maternity nurses affects directly on the quality of health care and women's gratification or satisfaction. Postpartum quality of care is considered a vital part in promoting maternal and neonatal health and symbolizes the process of nursing care. The aim of this study is to assess the competence of nurses in rendering postpartum care and its effect on women's satisfaction. Methodology: A descriptive exploratory research design was utilized. Setting: Three hospitals affiliated to Ministry of Health and Population were selected for their availability of labour and delivery units. Sample: 300 women in reproductive age and all nurses working in Obstetric/Gynecological wards in the previously selected settings. Tools for data collection: Data were collected using: An observational check list for nurses and a structured interviewing questionnaire for women. Results: The total mean of women's satisfaction was quite high (3.90±0.62), whereas that of orientation and information was 3.83±1.00, advices provision was 3.83±1.8 and specific nursing care 1.32±0.46. It is evident that women were less satisfied with the specific postpartum nursing care they received. The study revealed that there was a positive and highly statistically significant correlation between satisfaction of post partum women and competences of rendered nursing care. Conclusion: There were a highly statistically significant difference between the competences of rendered nursing care and postpartum women's satisfaction. Recommendations: Competence–based nursing care should be provided after the planned birth for mothers in the postpartum unit. Future studies should focus on postpartum mothers' needs of care that reflect on their satisfaction with the services provided.
EFFECT OF DISCIPLINE AND MOTIVATION TO ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE THROUGH ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT PT. INDO PREMIER SECURITIES

This study aimed to determine the effect of discipline and motivation to organizational performance, determine the effect of discipline and motivation on organizational commitment, the effect of organizational commitment on organizational performance, and determine the effect of discipline and motivation to organizational performance through organizational commitment.The study was conducted on the organization of PT. Indo Premier Securities. Sampling using saturated samples involving 70 employees in all parts of the organization. Analysis of data using path analysis. The results showed that the variables of discipline and motivation affect organizational performance. The discipline and motivation variable influence on organizational commitment. Organizational commitment variables effect on organizational performance. Variables affecting the role of organizational commitment to discipline and motivation affect organizational performance.
Use of surface snow sampling to estimate the quantity of explosives residues resulting from land mine detonations

Abstract : A PMA-2 antipersonnel land mine from Yugoslavia was detonated with an M6 blasting cap on a snow-covered range at Camp Ethan Allen Training Site, Jericho, Vermont. The main charge of the PMA-2 was 100 g of TNT with 13 g of RDX as a booster. The surface that was impacted by the detonation (381 m2) was visually identified by the presence of soot, which was produced by detonation of TNT from the main charge of the PMA-2. A total of 15 surface snow samples (each 2.3 m2) was collected using an unpainted aluminum snow shovel and analyzed for explosives residues by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). These samples accounted for 7.3% of the impacted surface. The major explosives-related chemicals (ERC) detected were TNT and RDX. 2,4-DNT was detected in the detonation crater, apparently because of the presence of propellant from previous range use, and at low concentration in several of the surface snow samples. The surface concentrations of TNT were similar to those resulting from a buried mine. The rate of transformation of TNT is rapid, however, and concentrations would rapidly decline without a continuing source of TNT. Thus the residues resulting from a mine detonation do not seem to pose a serious background problem for the use of chemical sensors to detect the presence of buried land mines. The utility of conducting these types of tests on a snow-covered range was demonstrated.
A cost-benefit analysis of power quality management in the avionics repair facility

Abstract : This thesis focuses on improved aviation readiness and reductions in pipeline investment and repair costs brought about by a power quality management program. Using cost-benefit analysis, it isolates the effects of an implemented program at an Aircraft Intermediate Maintenance Department in order to quantify and compare the costs of implementation and the benefits gained. Specific attention is given to reduction of repair cost of Automatic Test Equipment, and reduction of repair Turn Around Time of repair processes utilizing Automatic Test Equipment. Our analysis identified three-year savings of up to $1,135,134 through the application of a power quality management program at one repair location. The analysis demonstrates the savings achievable from the management of power quality in processes using sensitive electrical equipment.
On the Benefits of Moving Relay Nodes in Wireless Networks

In order to meet the needs of high speed wireless connections, a new generation of cellular network, i.e., Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been standardized and deployed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). By employing ad- vanced smart antenna techniques, fast channel dependent scheduling, adaptive coding and modulation, etc., LTE offers a very high peak data rate in ideal conditions. However, the capacity of the LTE network is not evenly distributed, i.e., the cell edge users have much worse throughput than cell center users. The successor of LTE, the LTE-Advanced, aims at both further improve the sys- tem capacity and improve the cell edge user experiences. In order to extend the coverage for heavily shadowed or remote areas, and guarantee good user experiences at certain capacity demanding hotspot areas, a heterogeneous and small cell networks (HetSNets) design paradigm has been introduced in LTE- Advanced systems. In this thesis, we study the impacts of the deployment of a new type of relay node (RN), i.e., moving RN (MRN) on current cellular systems. There are several benefits as well as challenges of using MRNs to serve users inside public transportation vehicles. In a noise limited single cell system, the deploy- ment of MRN can significantly lower the end-to-end outage probability (OP) at the user equipment (UE) on board compared to serving the UE by direct or fixed RN (FRN) assisted transmission. The studies have been extended to more practical setups when considering the impact of co-channel interference. In such scenarios, MRN assisted transmission still greatly outperforms direct transmission and FRN assisted transmission in terms of end-to-end OP, when the vehicular penetration loss (VPL) is moderate to high. Moreover, due to the low transmit power nature of an MRN, it generates much less interference to the UEs outside the vehicle, which is very appreciated in a densely deployed urban scenario, since link availabilities are usually dependent on interference rather than on coverage. Hence using MRNs seems very promising for improving the quality-of-service for vehicular users in future mobile communication systems.
Pretensioned Box Beams: Prestress Transfer and Shear Behavior

Pretensioned concrete box beams have been used in highway bridges for more than half a century. Due to their geometry, they have often been used as a viable alternative to the classic I-shaped girders. Box beams are highly effective in cases where speed of construction is a priority. However, the detailing and design of box beams are more complicated than that of I-shaped girders. The flow of forces at the beam’s end blocks must be understood in order to detail reinforcement adequately. The following were the objectives of this research study: (1) quantify the demands placed on box beam end blocks upon prestress transfer, (2) characterize the demands placed on box beam end blocks upon the application of superimposed loads, (3) evaluate the effects of alternative void geometries at skewed ends of box beams on curing temperatures, (4) based on the knowledge gained, improve the box beam end blocks, (5) test the improved end block under worst case scenario demands at prestress transfer and under extreme loading conditions, and (6) validate currently used shear strength design methodologies in their application to pretensioned box beams. In order to achieve these objectives, an experimental program was conducted. The experimental program included the load testing of ten 4B28 and five 5B40 box beams, for a total of twenty nine load tests. The influence of several factors that distinguish box beam behavior from the better-understood I-shaped girder behavior was studied. Additionally, the experimental program included the fabrication, instrumentation and early-age behavior study of five 5B40 box beams. The first three beams were used to assess the behavior of box beams fabricated with the current Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) standard details (from December 2006). The fourth beam incorporated modifications to the standard reinforcement details based on the observations made through the study of the first three 5B40 box beams. The last specimen corresponded to a new box beam cross section (5XB40) optimized to be used in a spread-box beams configuration.