Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast atomic transport without vibrational heating

We use the dynamical invariants associated with the Hamiltonian of an atom in a one dimensional moving trap to inverse engineer the trap motion and perform fast atomic transport without final vibrational heating. The atom is driven nonadiabatically through a shortcut to the result of adiabatic, slow trap motion. For harmonic potentials this only requires designing appropriate trap trajectories, whereas perfect transport in anharmonic traps may be achieved by applying an extra field to compensate the forces in the rest frame of the trap. The results can be extended to atom stopping or launching. The limitations due to geometrical constraints, energies, and accelerations involved are analyzed along with the relation to previous approaches based on classical trajectories or ``fast-forward'' and ``bang-bang'' methods, which can be integrated in the invariant-based framework.
Supersymmetric 
R
-parity violating Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky axion model

We propose a complete R-parity violating supersymmetric model with baryon triality that contains a Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky axion chiral superfield. We parametrize supersymmetry breaking with soft terms, and determine under which conditions the model is cosmologically viable. As expected we always find a region of parameter space in which the axion is a cold dark matter candidate. The mass of the axino, the fermionic partner of the axion, is controlled by a Yukawa coupling. When heavy [${\mathcal O}$(TeV)], the axino decays early and poses no cosmological problems. When light [$\mathcal{O}$(keV)] it can be long lived and a warm dark matter candidate. We concentrate on the latter case and study in detail the decay modes of the axino. We find that constraints from astrophysical X- and gamma rays on the decay into photon and neutrino can set new bounds on some trilinear supersymmetric R-parity violating Yukawa couplings. In some corners of the parameter space the decays of a relic axino can also explain a putative 3.5 keV line.
MULTIPLE MONOPOLAR OUTFLOWS DRIVEN BY MASSIVE PROTOSTARS IN IRAS 18162-2048

In this article, we present Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) 3.5 mm observations and SubMillimeter Array (SMA) 870 μm observations toward the high-mass star-forming region IRAS 18162–2048, which is the core of the HH 80/81/80N system. Molecular emission from HCN, HCO+, and SiO traces two molecular outflows (the so-called northeast and northwest outflows). These outflows have their origin in a region close to the position of MM2, a millimeter source known to harbor two protostars. For the first time we estimate the physical characteristics of these molecular outflows, which are similar to those of 103–5 × 103 L☉ protostars, and suggest that MM2 harbors high-mass protostars. High-angular resolution CO observations show an additional outflow due southeast. Also for the first time, we identify its driving source, MM2(E), and see evidence of precession. All three outflows have a monopolar appearance, but we link the NW and SE lobes, and explain their asymmetric shape as being a consequence of possible deflection.
MODELING COLLAPSE AND ACCRETION IN TURBULENT GAS CLOUDS: IMPLEMENTATION AND COMPARISON OF SINK PARTICLES IN AMR AND SPH

Star formation is such a complex process that accurate numerical tools are needed to quantitatively examine the mass distribution and accretion of fragments in collapsing, turbulent, magnetized gas clouds. To enable a numerical treatment of this regime, we implemented sink particles in the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) hydrodynamics code FLASH. Sink particles are created in regions of local gravitational collapse, and their trajectories and accretion can be followed over many dynamical times. We perform a series of tests including the time integration of circular and elliptical orbits, the collapse of a Bonnor–Ebert sphere, and a rotating, fragmenting cloud core. We compare the collapse of a highly unstable singular isothermal sphere to the theory by Shu and show that the sink particle accretion rate is in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction. To model eccentric orbits and close encounters of sink particles accurately, we show that a very small time step is often required, for which we implemented subcycling of the N-body system. We emphasize that a sole density threshold for sink particle creation is insufficient in supersonic flows, if the density threshold is below the opacity limit. In that case, the density can exceed the threshold in strong shocks that do not necessarily lead to local collapse. Additional checks for bound state, gravitational potential minimum, Jeans instability, and converging flows are absolutely necessary for meaningful creation of sink particles. We apply our new sink particle module for FLASH to the formation of a stellar cluster, and compare to a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code with sink particles. Our comparison shows encouraging agreement of gas properties, indicated by column density distributions and radial profiles, and of sink particle formation times and positions. We find excellent agreement in the number of sink particles formed, and in their accretion and mass distributions.
Therapeutic Use of Stem Cells in the Management of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure; Current Trends, Progress, and Challenges

In recent years, stem cell therapy has been considered a novel therapy for human subjects with coronary artery disease and heart failure. While stem cells of different types have been successfully isolated in laboratory settings and transplanted into animal models, doubts still exist on the successful outcome of stem cell therapy for cardiomyocyte regeneration in human subjects who develop coronary artery disease and heart failure. Given the limited progress on stem cell therapy for this indication in human subjects, we aim to understand normal cardiomyocyte embryogenesis and apply it as a guide in identifying an ideal stem choice, critical growth, and transcription factors for cardiomyocyte regeneration as well as in the implementation of stem cell therapy for in human subjects with coronary artery disease and heart failure. Ethical limitations, safety, and long-term complications are critical in identifying the ideal stem cell choice. The route of infusion of the ideal stem cell, dose, and timing of administration must also be standardized for a favorable clinical outcome. All stem cell sources evaluated for this clinical indication in animal and human studies were associated with some level of structural remodeling and improved cardiac performance following infusion. In the search for and identification of the ideal stem cell type, ethical choices with limited complications of restenosis, arrhythmias, ischemic vasculopathy, graft rejection, and malignant transformation would therefore rank high for the successful implementation of the therapeutic use of stem cells in the management of coronary artery disease and heart failure in human subjects. Original research and review articles from March 1995 – March 2022 were searched online. Search engines included Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and National Institute of Health. The keywords for the literature search included the use of stem cells for treatment, stem cell therapy, coronary artery disease, coronary heart disease, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. Manual searches were also conducted for articles related to the pool generated from the online search. Statistical data were obtained from American Heart Association, Center for Disease Control (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), and clinicaltrials.gov. From the articles generated, relevant sections were reviewed to understand the progress made with the therapeutic use of stem cells for managing coronary artery disease and heart failure in human subjects. The sources of stem cells, transcription factors, isolation methods, routes, and timing of infusion of different stem cell types evaluated for this clinical indication in preclinical and clinical studies were reviewed and outlined. The clinical outcomes of using different types of stem cells from both studies were also reviewed and compared, as well as ethical limitations, study limitations, and resultant adverse effects.
Antisocial personality disorder in group therapy, kindling pro-sociality and mentalizing

Patients with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are known for being difficult to treat. Treatment for ASPD is debated and lacking evidence. Among several reasons for treatment difficulties concerning ASPD, negative countertransference in health personnel is one central topic. Mentalization based treatment (MBT) is a reasonable candidate treatment for ASPD. From an ongoing pilot-study on MBT with substance using ASPD patients, we explore therapist experiences. Four experienced MBT therapists together with the principal investigator performed a focus group together. The therapists were themselves involved in performing this study and analyses are made as an autoethnographic study, with thematic analyses as methodological approach. As this study involved a qualitative investigation of own practice, reflexivity of the processes was performed. The aim was to explore in depth: therapist experiences and therapist wellbeing in MBTASPD. We found four main themes on therapist experiences: i) gaining safety by getting to know them better; ii) gaining cooperation through clear boundaries and a non-judgmental stance; iii) shifting inner boundaries; and iv) timing interventions in a highspeed culture. These four themes point to different therapist experiences one can have in MBT-ASPD. Our findings resonate well with the clinical literature on ASPD, the findings imply that clinical teams should have a focus on therapist countertransference and burnout, ensure that therapists uphold boundaries and openmindedness in treatment of ASPD and that therapists experience vitalizing feelings in this line of work.
Chiral to helical Majorana fermion transition in a $p$-wave superconductor

Chiral and helical Majorana edge modes are two archetypal gapless excitations of two-dimensional topological superconductors. They belong to superconductors from two different Altland-Zirnbauer symmetry classes characterized by $\mathbb{Z}$ and $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological invariant respectively. It seems improbable to tune a pair of co-propagating chiral edge modes to counter-propagate without symmetry breaking. Here we show that such a direct topological transition is in fact possible, provided the system possesses an additional symmetry $\mathcal{O}$ which changes the bulk topological invariant to $\mathbb{Z}\oplus \mathbb{Z}$ type. A simple model describing the proximity structure of a Chern insulator and a $p_x$-wave superconductor is proposed and solved analytically to illustrate the transition between two topologically nontrivial phases. The weak pairing phase has two chiral Majorana edge modes, while the strong pairing phase is characterized by $\mathcal{O}$-graded Chern number and hosts a pair of counter-propagating Majorana fermions. The bulk topological invariants and edge theory are worked out in detail. Implications of these results to topological quantum computing based on Majorana fermions are discussed.
H-atom addition and abstraction reactions in mixed CO, H2CO and CH3OH ices – an extended view on complex organic molecule formation

Complex organic molecules (COMs) have been observed not only in the hot cores surrounding low- and high- mass protostars, but also in cold dark clouds. Therefore, it is interesting to understand how such species can be formed without the presence of embedded energy sources. We present new laboratory experiments on the low-temperature solid state formation of three complex molecules: methyl formate (HC(O)OCH3), glycolaldehyde (HC(O)CH2OH) and ethylene glycol (H2C(OH)CH2OH), through recombination of free radicals formed via H-atom addition and abstraction reactions at different stages in the CO-H2CO-CH3OH hydrogenation network at 15 K. The experiments extend previous CO hydrogenation studies and aim at resembling the physical&chemical conditions typical of the CO freeze-out stage in dark molecular clouds, when H2CO and CH3OH form by recombination of accreting CO molecules and H-atoms on ice grains. We confirm that H2CO, once formed through CO hydrogenation, not only yields CH3OH through ongoing H-atom addition reactions, but is also subject to H-atom-induced abstraction reactions, yielding CO again. In a similar way, H2CO is also formed in abstraction reactions involving CH3OH. The dominant methanol H-atom abstraction product is expected to be CH2OH, while H-atom additions to H2CO should at least partially proceed through CH3O intermediate radicals. The occurrence of H-atom abstraction reactions in ice mantles leads to more reactive intermediates (HCO, CH3O and CH2OH) than previously thought, when assuming sequential H-atom addition reactions only. This enhances the probability to form COMs through radical-radical recombination without the need of UV photolysis or cosmic rays as external triggers.
The "Roaring Flame": Pursuing Thymos in Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart

Drawing principally from Francis Fukuyama’s (1952–) conception of thymos, this article focuses on exploring Okonkwo’s desire and his rigid personality in Chinua Achebe’s (1930–2013) magnum opus titled Things Fall Apart (1958). This paper hopes to prove how Achebe’s most famous character, Okonkwo, attempts to gratify his thymos which is described as a ‘desire for recognition’. Consistent with Fukuyama’s notion, this research examines how Okonkwo struggles to gain his thymos in confrontation with Ibo people and how his thymos-driven emotions incite him to reject the white colonists’ dominance in the fictional clan of Umuofia in Iboland. Therefore, we argue why Okonkwo’s self-willed personality and his ambivalent desire towards his clan’s values and the white man’s presence feature him as a “thymotic man” or the “man of anger. ” Ultimately, this article demonstrates that Okonkwo rebels against the white colonists’ alleged injustice to satisfy his thymos and be “unbeatable. ”
Single pair of Weyl fermions in the half-metallic semimetal 
EuCd2As2

An ideal Weyl semimetal with a single pair of Weyl points (WPs) may be generated by splitting a single Dirac point (DP) through the breaking of time-reversal symmetry by magnetic order. However, most known Dirac semimetals possess a pair of DPs along an axis that is protected by crystalline symmetry. Here, we demonstrate that a single pair of WPs may also be generated from a pair of DPs. Using first-principles band structure calculations, we show that inducing ferromagnetism in the AFM Dirac semimetal EuCd2As2 generates a single pair of WPs due to its half-metallic nature. Analysis with a low-energy effective Hamiltonian shows that this ideal Weyl semimetal is obtained in EuCd2As2 because the DPs are very close to the zone center and the ferromagnetic exchange splitting is large enough to push one pair of WPs to merge and annihilate at Gamma while the other pair survives. Furthermore, we predict that alloying with Ba at the Eu site can stabilize the ferromagnetic configuration and generate a single pair of Weyl points without application of a magnetic field.
Semi-Supervised Transfer Learning for Image Rain Removal

Single image rain removal is a typical inverse problem in computer vision. The deep learning technique has been verified to be effective for this task and achieved state-of-the-art performance. However, previous deep learning methods need to pre-collect a large set of image pairs with/without synthesized rain for training, which tends to make the neural network be biased toward learning the specific patterns of the synthesized rain, while be less able to generalize to real test samples whose rain types differ from those in the training data. To this issue, this paper firstly proposes a semi-supervised learning paradigm toward this task. Different from traditional deep learning methods which only use supervised image pairs with/without synthesized rains, we further put real rainy images, without need of their clean ones, into the network training process. This is realized by elaborately formulating the residual between an input rainy image and its expected network output (clear image without rain) as a concise mixture of Gaussians distribution. The network is therefore trained to transfer to adapting the real rain pattern domain instead of only the synthesis rain domain, and thus both the short-of-training-sample and bias-to-supervised-sample issues can be evidently alleviated. Experiments on synthetic and real data verify the superiority of our model compared to the state-of-the-arts.
Three-body description of direct nuclear reactions: Comparison with the continuum discretized coupled channels method

The continuum discretized coupled channels (CDCC) method is compared with the exact solution of the three-body Faddeev equations in momentum space. We present results for (i) elastic and breakup observables of d+{sup 12}C at E{sub d}=56 MeV (ii) elastic scattering of d+{sup 58}Ni at E{sub d}=80 MeV, and (iii) elastic, breakup, and transfer observables for {sup 11}Be+p at E{sub {sup 11}Be}/A=38.4 MeV. Our comparative studies show that in the first two cases, the CDCC method is a good approximation of the full three-body Faddeev solution, but for the {sup 11}Be exotic nucleus, depending on the observable or the kinematic regime, it may miss some of the dynamic three-body effects that appear through the explicit coupling to the transfer channel.
ON THE CLUSTER PHYSICS OF SUNYAEV–ZEL'DOVICH AND X-RAY SURVEYS. III. MEASUREMENT BIASES AND COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF GAS AND STELLAR MASS FRACTIONS

Gas masses tightly correlate with the virial masses of galaxy clusters, allowing for a precise determination of cosmological parameters by means of X-ray surveys. However, the gas mass fractions (fgas) at the virial radius (R200) derived from recent Suzaku observations are considerably larger than the cosmic mean, calling into question the accuracy of cosmological parameters. Here, we use a large suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to study measurement biases of fgas. We employ different variants of simulated physics, including radiative gas physics, star formation, and thermal feedback by active galactic nuclei, which we show is able to arrest overcooling and to result in constant stellar mass fractions for redshifts z < 1. Computing the mass profiles in 48 angular cones, we find anisotropic gas and total mass distributions that imply an angular variance of fgas at the level of 30%. This anisotropy originates from the recent formation epoch of clusters and from the strong internal baryon-to-dark-matter density bias. In the most extreme cones, fgas can be biased high by a factor of two at R200 in massive clusters (M200 ∼ 1015 M☉), thereby providing an explanation for high fgas measurements by Suzaku. While projection lowers this factor, there are other measurement biases that may (partially) compensate. At R200, fgas is biased high by 20% when assuming hydrostatic equilibrium masses, i.e., neglecting the kinetic pressure, and by another ∼10%–20% due to the presence of density clumping. At larger radii, both measurement biases increase dramatically. While the cluster sample variance of the true fgas decreases to a level of 5% at R200, the sample variance that includes both measurement biases remains fairly constant at the level of 10%–20%. The constant redshift evolution of fgas within R500 for massive clusters is encouraging for using gas masses to derive cosmological parameters, provided the measurement biases can be controlled.
K-shell photoionization of Be-like and Li-like ions of atomic nitrogen: experiment and theory

Absolute cross sections for the K-shell photoionization of Be-like and Li-like atomic nitrogen ions were measured by employing the ion–photon merged-beam technique at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility in Saint-Aubin, France. High-resolution spectroscopy at nominal resolutions of 38, 56, 111, 133 meV full width at half maximum (FWHM) for Be-like and 125 meV FWHM for Li-like atomic nitrogen ions was achieved for the photon energies ranging from 410 up to 460 eV. The experimental measurements are compared with theoretical estimates from the multi-configuration Dirac–Fock, R-matrix and an empirical method. The interplay between experiment and theory enabled the identification and characterization of the strong 1s → 2p resonances features observed in the K-shell spectra of each ion and the region around 460 eV for the 1s → 3p resonance of the N3 + ion yielding suitable agreement with experiment.
THE RELATIVE ROLE OF GALAXY MERGERS AND COSMIC FLOWS IN FEEDING BLACK HOLES

Using a set of zoomed-in cosmological simulations of high-redshift progenitors of massive galaxies, we isolate and trace the history of gas that is accreted by central supermassive black holes. We determine the origins of the accreted gas, in terms of whether it entered the galaxy during a merger event or was smoothly accreted. Furthermore, we designate whether the smoothly accreted gas is accreted via a cold flow or is shocked upon entry into the halo. For moderate-mass (106–107 M☉) black holes at z ∼ 4, there is a preference to accrete cold flow gas as opposed to gas of shocked or merger origin. However, this result is a consequence of the fact that the entire galaxy has a higher fraction of gas from cold flows. In general, each black hole tends to accrete the same fractions of smooth- and merger-accreted gas as is contained in its host galaxy, suggesting that once gas enters a halo it becomes well-mixed, and its origins are erased. We find that the angular momentum of the gas upon halo entry is a more important factor; black holes preferentially accrete gas that had low angular momentum when it entered the galaxy, regardless of whether it was accreted smoothly or through mergers.
On a discrete symmetry of the Bremsstrahlung function in N=4 SYM

We consider the quark anti-quark potential on the three sphere in planar N=4 SYM and the associated vacuum potential in the near BPS limit with L units of R-charge. The associated Bremsstrahlung function B_L has been recently computed analytically by means of the Thermodynamical Bethe Ansatz. We discuss it at strong coupling by computing it at large but finite L. We provide strong support to a special symmetry of the Bremsstrahlung function under the formal discrete Z_2 symmetry L -> -1-L. In this context, it is the counterpart of the reciprocity invariance discovered in the past in the spectrum of various gauge invariant composite operators. The Z_2 symmetry has remarkable consequences in the scaling limit where L is taken to be large with fixed ratio to the 't Hooft coupling. This limit organizes in inverse powers of the coupling and resembles the semiclassical expansion of the dual string theory which is indeed known to capture the leading classical term. We show that the various higher-order contributions to the Bremsstrahlung function obey several constraints and, in particular, the next-to-leading term, formally associated with the string one-loop correction, is completely determined by the classical contribution. The large L limit at strong coupling is also discussed.