Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of neighborhood environments on the level of physical activity among older african american women in Texas

The Effects of Neighborhood Environments on the Level of Physical Activity among Older African American Women in Texas. (August 2008) Woo Hwa Shin, B.Ag. , Kyung Hee University, Kyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea; M.S., University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Byoung-Suk Kweon Prof. Jody Rosenblatt Naderi The older African American women living Texas fall into one of the most inactive population segments. Recently, the importance of socio-ecological models on human health behavior and more complex associations between variables have been discussed. Therefore, this cross-sectional study focuses on investigating the trends in physical activity among older African American women, exploring the effects of actual environmental variables that might encourage or discourage their physical activity, and discovering any plausible mediating effects between environmental factors and older African American women’s physical activity. The study sample is composed of African American women aged 55 to 84 who reside in independent housing in Bryan, Texas. A total of 282 older African American women’s addresses were systematically selected and a self-administrated survey questionnaire documenting the level of physical activity, psychological well-being, sense of community, perception of safety, physical health status, and background information
YouTube “Unboxing:” An Influencer of Purchase Intent—A Quantitative Study

Purpose: Unboxing is a relatively new social media occurrence, where a YouTube unboxer’s amateur video gradually unwraps and reviews a new product for the followers. The phenomenon has caught the attention of both the marketing industry and academia due to its potential to influence purchase intent. The present research focuses on the relevant unboxing literature with a special focus on source characteristics, purposive motives, and nonpurposive motives; hypothesizes a research model and empirically tests it to probe how the unboxing phenomenon influences purchase intention. Design/Methodology/Approach: The researchers conducted an online survey for data collection from 705 social media users and used structural equation modeling and moderation analysis for data analysis. Findings: The present research proposed and tested a model of unboxing using parasocial interaction (PSI). It found that PSI does influence purchase intent in unboxing and found support for six out of seven antecedents of PSI hypothesized in the model. Practical Implications: The findings of the study can help marketing organizations to understand the importance of YouTube influencer-induced PSI to design effective advertising campaigns through influencer marketing in order to drive purchase intent. Originality/Value: The present study aims to understand the unboxing phenomenon by analyzing the proposed model. This study contributes to the limited literature on the nascent YouTube unboxing in an emerging economy context and extends previous research in this field by incorporating new variables. Also, it studies the effect of gender as a moderator in an unboxing context for the first time.
Intercomparison of the Principal Modes of Interannual and Intraseasonal Variability of the North American Monsoon System

Abstract Time series of seasonal-, monthly, and pentad-mean precipitation are subjected to empirical orthogonal function analysis, regression analysis, and compositing techniques to study the principal modes of interannual and intraseasonal variability of the North American Monsoon System (NAMS). The leading principal component (PC) from the summertime seasonal-mean data is associated with El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability while the leading PC from the pentad-mean data is associated with 30–60-day intraseasonal (Madden–Julian) oscillations (MJOs). The leading PC from the monthly mean data is a hybrid of the two above-mentioned modes, capturing aspects of both. The leading PCs are used as reference time series for regressions and composites that reveal the structure of the principal modes and their manifestation in the NAMS. The leading PCs are also used to estimate the fraction of the variance of summer precipitation that is explained by ENSO and by interannual variations of MJO activity. EN.
Space–time variability of rainfall in April and October–November over East Africa during the period 1932–1983

The space–time variability of precipitation over East Africa during the two rainy seasons (April and October–November) is investigated using a network of 56 stations for the period 1972–1983 and 32 stations for the period 1932–1983. The analysis relies on a model of two-mode variance with rotation, which determines homogeneous groups of stations having a common time evolution. During April, three components represent a large part of the variance with their cores (i) near the Zanzibar channel, (ii) the Kenyan-Tanzanian highlands and eastern Lake Victoria, and (iii) the southern part of the Tanzanian highlands. During the October–November rainy season, rainfall is more homogeneously distributed. The first component takes account of 60 per cent of the variance and encompasses a large part of the domain, except southern inland Tanzanian stations and western and northern Ugandan stations. Spectral analysis of the time series associated with the space component reveals peaks around 5–6 years, which appears to be the major periodicity over East Africa.
Study of the lithospheric and upper-mantle discontinuities beneath eastern Asia by SS precursors

SUMMARY We analyse broad-bandSS waveform data recorded by several networks in Europe with sources mainly in the west Pacific to study the underside reflections of teleseismic SS waves in the lithosphere and the upper mantle beneath eastern Asia and the NW Pacific ocean. SS bounce points sample a corridor from the Aleutian, Kamchatka and Japan subduction zones through the North China Craton and Central Asian Orogenic Belt to the Tibetan plateau. The corridor passes through different tectonic units such as subduction zones, an old continental shield, a fold belt and a high plateau. We investigate the seismic structure of the lithosphere and the mantle transition zone beneath the different geotectonic units along the profile and infer the correlation of geodynamic processes at different depths. We explore the short period frequency content in the SS waveform data and use moveout correction and common midpoint stack to acquire profiles with high lateral and depth resolution from the crust to the mantle transition zone. Clear SS precursors of the 410 and 660 km discontinuities show the effects of the interaction between the subducted oceanic lithosphere and the mantle transition zone beneath the NW Pacific subduction zones. A low-velocity layer has also been detected beneath the 410 km discontinuity and can be traced along the entire profile. Due to the improved resolution acquired by the method presented here we have been able to study the shallower structures such as the Moho and the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary by SS precursors. The continental Moho can be clearly seen along this corridor. The depth variation agrees well with earlier receiver function results. We also see negative reflectors along the profile at varying depths, which can be interpreted as the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary.
Amplified Interhemispheric Rainfall Contrast in Boreal Summer Due To Reduction in Anthropogenic Emissions Under COVID‐MIP Green Economic‐Recovery Scenarios

Our study looks at the precipitation responses to two possible future emission‐mitigation pathways, pushed by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic (COVID‐19) and achieving carbon neutrality in the mid‐21st century. We find that a simultaneous‐reduction in well‐mixed greenhouse gases (WMGHGs) and anthropogenic aerosol emissions results in an enhanced interhemispheric precipitation contrast in the 2040s by amplifying the interhemispheric thermal contrast and strengthening the meridional overturning circulation in the tropics. Reduced aerosol emissions induce generally‐increased precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and an amplified intertropical rainfall contrast, while reduced WMGHG emissions dominate decrease in precipitation in the areas away from aerosol emission sources. Further, the above precipitation contrast will be enhanced under stronger emission‐mitigation pathways, mainly attributed to larger precipitation increases in the NH caused by reduced aerosols. More aggressive WMGHGs mitigation policies are necessary to counteract the aerosol‐induced warming in the NH, thereby mitigating the risk of regional drying or wetting due to the asymmetry in interhemispheric energy budgets.
Integrating Technology Acceptance Model, Theory of Diffusion of Innovations and Theory of Planned Behaviour to Study the Adoption of Facebook Marketplace

With the rapid innovation of technology and the cheaper internet, e-commerce is swiftly reaching new heights. The latest form of e-commerce, called online classified business, has emerged based on a consumer-to-consumer e-commerce model. It is mainly used to deal with posting ads online on classified portals. However, in the contemporary world, it also facilitates and fosters consumers to buy and sell brand-new and used merchandise from each other without any intermediary. A long-standing and overlooked form of e-commerce has lately caught researchers’ interest. Facebook marketplace, launched by Facebook, is one of the latest portals augmenting online classified business. The present study is the first of its kind, which intends to integrate the technology acceptance model with two critical theories, namely Theory of Diffusion of Innovations and theory of planned behaviour, to study the adoption of an online classified portal like Facebook marketplace. The research used structural equation modelling to test the hypothesized relationships. The study asserts that Perceived ease of use is the most vital determinant, followed by Subjective Norm and Perceived Usefulness, which affects the Intention to use the Facebook marketplace. Visibility was found to play no role in influencing Intention to use. The study can have many implications for the Facebook marketplace and other stakeholders.
An open ocean retracker for Sentinel-3 and Cryosat altimeter waveforms

The nadir-pointing altimeters onboard the ESA Cryosat-2 satellite and the GMES Sentinel-3 Surface Topography Mission (STM) have the capability of operating in a high-PRF coherent SAR mode as well as the conventional low-rate pulse-limited mode (LRM). Over water surfaces, the new SAR mode should lead to significantly improved altimetric precision and finer along-track spatial resolution of the order of 300 meters. In the case of Sentinel-3 STM, the mission aims to use SAR mode to deliver high-resolution high-accuracy sea level and ocean wave measurements in regions of high mesoscale variability and coastal areas. However, SAR ocean waveforms are much peakier than those from pulse-limited altimeters, and the conventional method of retrieving geophysical information by fitting the waveforms with the Brown ocean model does not apply. In this paper, we assess the performance of a new theoretical ocean retracker developed for SAR ocean waveforms in the ESA SAMOSA project “Development of SAR Altimetry Studies and Applications over Ocean, Coastal zones and Inland waters”. The SAMOSA SAR retracker will form the basis of the operational SAR ocean retracker to be implemented for Sentinel-3 STM. The prototype SAMOSA SAR retracker is applied to L1B 20Hz SAR waveforms over water surfaces obtained from numerical simulations with the CRYOSAT Mission Performance Simulator (CRYMPS) and from the CRYOSAT2 satellite. We compare the range retrieval accuracy in LRM and SAR mode in different wave height conditions, and compare our finding with earlier results by Jensen & Raney (1998).
Household Expenditure on Secondary Education in Haryana (India): Levels, Patterns and Determinants

Existing studies on household expenditure on education in India largely focus on the elementary and tertiary levels of education. Until recently, researchers have paid little consideration to examining the issue of household investment at the secondary level of education, especially in the sub-national context. Using a recent primary survey encompassing quantitative and qualitative data, this article examines the levels, patterns and determinants of parental allocation of financial resources for secondary education in Haryana, India. We find that households spend 7.22% of their annual family income per student per annum in secondary education—with stark differences between government (2.26%) and private schools (10.68%). Besides, the complex interplay of socio-economic and cultural factors in the state leads to systematic patterns in the said expenditures, intensifying pro-male gender disparities and deepening the hegemony of the privileged sections (i.e., in terms of a household’s caste, class and educational capital), particularly at the urban and intermediate levels. The study emphasizes the role of policies and practices of the state in pragmatically aiming at the removal of the aforesaid inequalities, inter-alia, by regulating the commercialization of school education in the non-state sector.
ABORIGINAL LANGUAGES IN QUEBEC: FIGHTING LINGUICIDE WITH BILINGUAL EDUCATION

Aboriginal peoples in Quebec are fighting for the survival of their language and culture. An essential component of Aboriginal decolonization and empowerment is the protection and enhancement of the Aboriginal heritage language. In this article, we review twenty years of research in Arctic Quebec (Nunavik) involving Inuit students educated in Inuktitut as well as in French and English. Our research reveals that children not only learn better in their own heritage language as opposed to one of the societally dominant languages, but also develop a more positive view of themselves, and a healthier view of Inuit as a group. Bilingual Education is shown to be of crucial importance for the vitality of Inuit language and culture.
STUDY ON MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY IN QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU IN LATE CENOZOIC

In this paper,the polarity epochs of some twenty and more sections or boreholes in Qinghai Tibetan plateau in Late Cenozoic are discussed in detail,and thence we have the ages of the sediments involved. The Qiangtang Formation at Kunlun pass has an age of 3 1MaBP~0 65MaBP, the Hipperion sp. contained in it being of an age of 2 08MaBP.The Gongba Formation at Dingri county 2 31MaBP~1 90MaBP,the Zhada Formation and Xiangzi Formation in the Zhada Basin 6 15MaBP~3 40MaBP and 3 40MaBP~1 25MaBP respectively, and Jiawa Formation at Litang 1 24MaBP~0 43MaBP. And the age for the Hipperion guizhongensis sp. from Jilong is 5 0MaBP. The age of early Quaternary glaciation is obtained as well. Thus a chronological scale is provided for the study of the time,and rate of the uplifting of the Plateau as well as the consequent environmental changes.
Hydrogen bond symmetrization and high-spin to low-spin transition of ε-FeOOH at the pressure of Earth’s lower mantle

Abstract We focus on the ferric end-member of phase H: ε-FeOOH using density functional theory at the PBEsol+U level. At 300 K, we find that ε-FeOOH undergoes a hydrogen bond symmetrization at 37 GPa and a sharp high-spin to low-spin transition at 45 GPa. We find excellent agreement with experimental measurements of the equation of state, lattice parameters, atomic positions, vibrational frequencies, and optical properties as related to the band gap, which we find to be finite and small, decreasing with pressure. The hydrogen bond symmetrization transition is neither first- nor second-order, with no discontinuity in volume or any of the elastic moduli. Computed IR and Raman frequencies and intensities show that vibrational spectroscopy may provide the best opportunity for locating the hydrogen bond symmetrization transition experimentally. We find that ε-FeOOH is highly anisotropic in both longitudinal- and shear-wave velocities at all pressures, with the shear wave velocity varying with propagation and polarization direction by as much as 24% at zero pressure and 43% at 46 GPa. The shear and bulk elastic moduli increase by 18% across the high-spin to low-spin transition.
THE USE OF IN SITU MEASUREMENT OF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY TO PROVIDE AN UNDERSTANDING OF COVER SYSTEM PERFORMANCE OVER TIME 1

Three prototype covers were constructed on a saline-sodic shale overburden fill at the Syncrude oil sands mine in Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada in 1999. The covers are comprised of a surface layer of peat/mineral mix over glacial mineral soil placed over a sloping saline-sodic shale surface. The covers are designed to provide moisture storage for vegetation over the arid summer season while minimizing the impact of salt release from shale. The evolution of the hydraulic performance of the covers was evaluated through repeated testing of in situ hydraulic conductivity (K) over time. These changes are related to changes in monitored interflow collection rates. The mean K of the cover material increased approximately two orders of magnitude during the first three years following placement and then remained relatively constant. The interflow collection volumes have increased each year with the magnitude of interflow offset from the measured K values by two to three years. It appears that the interflow volumes which are critical for flushing salt from the covers are dependent on both the K of the cover and yearly climatic variability.
Synthetic Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide Inhibits Expression of the Human Transforming Growth Factor- β 1 Gene

Pyrrole-Imidazole (Py-Im) polyamides can bind to the predetermined base pairs in the minor groove of double-helical DNA with high affinity. These synthetic small molecules can interfere with transcription factor-DNA interaction and inhibit or activate the transcription of corresponding genes. In the present study, we designed and synthesized a Py-Im polyamide to target –545 to –539 base pairs of human transforming growth factor- β 1 (hTGF- β 1) promoter adjacent to the fat-specific element 2 (FSE2) to inhibit the expression of the gene. Gel mobility shift assay showed that the synthetic Py-Im polyamide binds to its corresponding double strand oligonucleodes, whereas the mismatch polyamides did not bind. FITC-labeled Py-Im polyamide was detected in the nuclei of human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) after 2 to 48 hours incubation. Py-Im polyamide significantly decreased the promoter activity of hTGF- β 1 determined by in vitro transcription experiments and luciferase assay. In cultured human VSMCs, Py-Im polyamide targeting hTGF- β 1 promoter significantly inhibited expressions of hTGF- β 1 mRNA and protein. These results indicate that the synthetic Py-Im polyamide designed to bind hTGF- β 1 promoter inhibited hTGF- β 1 gene and protein expression successfully. This novel agent will be used for the TGF- β related diseases as a gene therapy.
Improved Thermosphere Mass Density Recovery During the 5 April 2010 Geomagnetic Storm by Assimilating NO Cooling Rates in a Coupled Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Model

The recovery of thermosphere mass density following geomagnetic storms is a result of competing heating and cooling processes. Simulations often underestimate the speed of the recovery. In this study, for the first time, we report that assimilating the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry nitric oxide (NO) cooling rate profiles into a coupled thermosphere‐ionosphere model via the ensemble Kalman filter improves the thermosphere mass density recovery following a geomagnetic storm. This is due to the impact of the assimilation on both the cooling processes and the thermosphere circulation. The dynamical changes due to the assimilation include stronger upwelling and equatorial transport. These lead to an effective increase in NO at all altitudes at mid‐high latitudes, resulting in the improved recovery. The improved representation of cooling processes in the storm's main phase also results in improved >24 hr forecasts of the density recovery.
34. EXTENTS AND IMPLICATIONS OF ORGANIC MATTER ALTERATION AT OXIDATION FRONTS IN TURBIDITES FROM THE MADEIRA ABYSSAL PLAIN 1

Organic geochemical, stable N isotope, and mineral surface area analyses were made on samples spanning oxidation fronts at the tops of organic matter‐rich turbidites from Sites 951 and 952 on the Madeira Abyssal Plain (MAP), off northwest Africa. These oxidation fronts permit the isolation of the effects of oxygen exposure on sedimentary organic matter preservation. Organic matter contents of the unoxidized turbidites, which originate on the productive northwest African margin, vary, but contents within a given turbidite are uniform. Across the oxidation fronts, most of the organic material previously preserved f or extended periods in the absence of oxygen is lost, resulting in contents typical of pelagic sediments. Organic carbon-to-total nitrogen ratios drop, partly or wholly the result of preservation or immobilization of inorganic N. Lignin yields in the unoxidized turbidites are low, consistent with a minor terrestrial organic component, as is also indicated by C:N ratios and previou s biomarker studies. Lignin losses across the fronts parallel those of organic C, indicating nonselective degradation of terrestr ial relative to marine organic material. Stable N-isotope compositions shift to heavier values across the fronts, from compositions typical of many marine sediments. The shifts resemble early diagenetic patterns in oxygenated marine settings, but the degree to which they result from preservation or immobilization of inorganic N remains unclear. Mineral surface areas show a roughly inverse relationship with relative contents of CaCO 3, both within the unoxidized turbidites and across the oxidation fronts. In the latter case, surface areas rise with a decrease in CaCO 3, presumably because of dissolution of the (coarse) carbonate fraction. Organic carbon contents drop from loadings near the “monolayer equivalent” relative to the available surface area, which is typical of continental margin sediments deposited under suboxic conditions, to “submonolayer” loadings typical of oxygenated pelagic sediments. Thus, in effect, oxidation occurring at the MAP oxidation fronts converts organic matter‐rich continental margin sediments into organic matter‐lean pelagic deposits. This result clearly indicates that, in the pelagic realm, where exposure is normally long, oxygen availability is a primary control on sedimentary organic matter content.
Museum Education Through Social Media

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced museum educators to draw on new resources, which has led to the increased use of social media as an educational tool. This qualitative study explores museum education through social media using an adapted museum education theoretical model. The more specific aim is to address the approaches, experiences, and objectives of museum educators who use social media, and to consider how youth aged 18 to 24 respond to it. Twenty-eight art museum educators answered a survey, and 15 young people participated in in-depth focus groups. The results suggest that social media is a new horizon for museum education, short-form videos are an effective tool for learning about art in museums, the connection between educators and visitors is complicated via social media, and a balance between high and low cultural practices is hard to strike. The study also provides practical recommendations for educators who wish to consider young people’s experiences in the future development of networking platforms for museum educational purposes.