Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pharyngeal Tooth Replacement in Semotilus atromaculatus and Clinostomus elongatus, Two Species of Cyprinid Fishes

T ELEOST fishes usually have five pairs of branchial arches, four of which bear gillrakers medially and gill lamellae laterally. Typically each arch consists of a hypobranchial, ceratobranchial, epibranchial and pharyngobranchial. Some marine and freshwater fishes have various branchial arches or parts of arches modified for tooth attachment. As a rule this modification is associated with the reduction or loss of teeth on the jaws. Cyprinid fishes, lacking teeth on the jaws, have a well developed dentition on the modified fifth branchial arches. The fifth arches in all Cyprinidae are represented by hypertrophied ceratobranchials, sickle shaped in appearance and joined at their ventral ends by a ligament which in older fish may ossify. They are located in the floor of the posterior pharynx, anterior to its junction with the esophagus and are usually referred to as the "'pharyngeal arches". The shape of the pharyngeal teeth varies widely between the species and various classifications of tooth forms have been proposed. One of the earliest major studies of pharyngeal teeth was that of Heckel (1842) who described thirteen forms under four major divisions. His major divisions were: (1) concave, (2) aggregated, (3) recurved with grinding surfaces, and (4) recurved without grinding surfaces. The most recent comprehensive study of the pharyngeal arches and their teeth is that of Chu (1935). He refers the teeth of cyprinids to three principal categories: compressed, depressed, and conical. The compressed teeth are further divided into six types while the depressed and conical teeth are each divided into three types. Heterodont dentition characterizes a few cyprinids such as the goldfish (Carassius) and the carp (Cyprinus), in which the first tooth is conical while the remainder are compressed (goldfish) or flat and ridged (carp). The forms of teeth are correlated with the feeding. habits of the species. In carnivorous cyprinids the teeth are pointed and slightly hooked so as to function primarily for holding and swallowing the prey. In herbivorous and omnivorous species a grinding surface is present for titurating the food. Some mollusc-eating minnows likewise have grinding molariform teeth.
Studies on genetic variability in Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. and Halst. incitant of Pomegranate wilt in Karnataka using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers

Pomegranate wilt disease incited by Ceratocystis fimbriata Ell. and Halst. is one of the important diseases of pomegranate adversely affecting crop cultivation in all major growing regions of India. Nine isolates of the fungus selected from different geographical regions of Karnataka were analysed through four RAPD primers viz., A3, A9, A13 and B10 for genetic variability. The primers showed amplification of different isolates with polymorphism between the isolates. Out of the 28 marker loci amplified, 13 were found to be specific for five species and only two loci were common in all nine samples indicating 83.20 per cent polymorphism. Dendrogram obtained from RAPD analysis indicated three major clusters, which separated Cf-R from rest of the isolates, The isolates from Cf-Ct, Cf-H, Cf -K, Cf-T and Cf-B were grouped in second cluster. While, third cluster includes Cf-Bg, Cf-C and Cf-V isolates.
FACTORS INFLUENCING CUSTOMERS’ PURCHASE INTENTION IN SOCIAL COMMERCE

This paper inspects the relationship between purchase intention in social media context and relevant factors namely: Trust, perceived risk, online behavioral advertising, and social commerce constructs. Using judgmental sampling technique, 384 questionnaires across Lebanon were collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that purchase intention of the respondents is significantly positively affected by social commerce constructs, trust, and online behavioral advertising. And trust is positively enriched by social commerce constructs. Also, it is clear that positive social commerce constructs will decrease the perception of risks between customers when shopping online. Perceived risk influence on purchase intention is not significant, Trust negatively impacts perceived risk. This paper shows specific inferences about the factors affecting buying intention in social commerce. It provides fruitful insights to both academic researchers and professional marketers. In terms of limitations, other factors might be added and be under examination; that might include value perceptions, social presence, social proof, and artificial intelligence agents such as Facebook chatbots. In addition, other product categories are useful to get more insights about the intentions of customers; such as cosmetics, home appliances, phones, and other service industries as cleaning, laundry, financial services, etc. The study attempted to examine potential factors to evaluate the purchase intentions (PI) in the social commerce context in Lebanon. It extends the earlier literature by providing clues about the positive influence of OBA on PI.
Synthesis and preliminary studies of 11C-labeled tetrahydro-1,7-naphthyridine-2-carboxamides for PET imaging of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2

Selective modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2) represents a novel therapeutic approach for treating brain disorders, including schizophrenia, depression, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), drug abuse and addiction. Imaging mGlu2 using positron emission tomography (PET) would allow for in vivo quantification under physiological and pathological conditions and facilitate drug discovery by enabling target engagement studies. In this paper, we aimed to develop a novel specific radioligand derived from negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) for PET imaging of mGlu2. Methods. A focused small molecule library of mGlu2 NAMs with tetrahydro naphthyridine scaffold was synthesized for pharmacology and physicochemical evaluation. GIRK dose-response assays and CNS panel binding selectivity assays were performed to study the affinity and selectivity of mGlu2 NAMs, among which compounds 14a and 14b were selected as PET ligand candidates. Autoradiography in SD rat brain sections was used to confirm the in vitro binding specificity and selectivity of [11C]14a and [11C]14b towards mGlu2. In vivo binding specificity was then studied by PET imaging. Whole body biodistribution study and radiometabolite analysis were conducted to demonstrate the pharmacokinetic properties of [11C]14b as most promising PET mGlu2 PET ligand. Results. mGlu2 NAMs 14a-14g were synthesized in 14%-20% yields in five steps. NAMs 14a and 14b were selected to be the most promising ligands due to their high affinity in GIRK dose-response assays. [11C]14a and [11C]14b displayed similar heterogeneous distribution by autoradiography, consistent with mGlu2 expression in the brain. While PET imaging study showed good brain permeability for both tracers, compound [11C]14b demonstrated superior binding specificity compared to [11C]14a. Further radiometabolite analysis of [11C]14b showed excellent stability in the brain. Conclusions. Compound 14b exhibited high affinity and excellent subtype selectivity, which was then evaluated by in vitro autoradiography and in vivo PET imaging study after labeling with carbon-11. Ligand [11C]14b, which we named [11C]MG2-1904, demonstrated high brain uptake and excellent in vitro/in vivo specific binding towards mGlu2 with high metabolic stability in the brain. As proof-of-concept, our preliminary work demonstrated a successful example of visualizing mGlu2 in vivo derived from NAMs, which represents a promising chemotype for further development and optimization aimed for clinical translation.
THE INCREASING OF COMPETITIVENESS OF AGRO-INDUSTRY PRODUCTS THROUGH INSTITUTIONAL EMPOWERMENT TO SUPPORT THE ACHIEVEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

The aim of present literature is to examine the importance of institutional empowerment comprehensively related to the increasing competitiveness of agro-industry products in the perspective of bio-industrial agriculture for the achievement of sustainable agricultural development, which is enriched with a review of various studies and other related literature by using a quantitative descriptive method. The depletion of petroleum reserves and the length of the process of the formation of fossil fuel materials require us to immediately innovate to produce alternative and renewable energy, and some of them have been produced from various bio-industrial studies. The use of bioenergy in agro-industry is predicted to be able to make efficient and effective the use of fuel oil and GMP of its processed products. The findings also exposed that positive links among the renewable energy resources, management of natural resources, management of human resources and sustainability of agriculture development. These findings are provided with the guidelines to the policymakers that they should increase their emphases on the renewable energy that enhance the growth of the economy.
A Comparative Study between the Low Pressure Versus Standard Pressure Pneumoperitoneum In Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Background: The introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy have profoundly changed the way for the management of patients with gall bladder diseases. Since then, efforts have been made to reduce various adverse effects of pneumoperitoneum without compromising the efficacy, feasibility and safety of the operation. Many studies have shown that using a low-pressure pneumoperitoneum decreases the cardiac changes, shoulder tip pain, intensity of pain and the analgesic requirement. This study proposes to compare the use of low pressure versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and methods: This prospective randomized clinical trial was done over a period of 24 months in the department of surgery where the patients were divided into 2 groups with 39 patients in each group. Group A patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with low pressure pneumoperitoneum of 10 mmHg while group B patients underwentlaparoscopic cholecystectomy with standard pressure pneumoperitoneum of 14 mmHg. Results: In the present study, both studies were comparable in respect to conversion to open cholecystectomy and operating time. The hemodynamic changes were found to be minimal in low pressure pneumoperitoneum. This study also demonstrates a better outcome in terms of postoperative pain score and hospital stay with low pressure pneumoperitoneum. The systemic analgesic requirement was significantly reduced in low pressure group (mean = 1.14±1.11) in comparison to the standard pressure group (mean = 3.23±1.84). Thedifference in the systemic analgesic requirement was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Low pressure pneumoperitoneum has less hemodynamic effect than the standard pressure pneumoperitoneum and is a safer option in the hemodynamically compromised patients for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Case C3.3: Taylor-Green vortex

ρ = p RT0 The flow is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations with a Prandtl number of 0.71, specific heat ratio γ = 1.4 and the bulk viscosity is assumed to be zero. Furthermore, the Mach number V0/c0 = 0.1 and the Reynolds number Re = ρ0V0L μ = 1600. The initial temperature is uniform, T0 = p0 ρ0R . The solution is computed on the periodic domain Ω = {−πL ≤ x, y, z ≤ πL} which is discretized using four uniform structured grids containing 65, 129, 257 and 513 vertices respectively. For the 65, 129 and 257 grids it was possible to use our local Linux cluster, while the 513 grid was run on up to 512 processors of the LISA machine of SARA, the Dutch Supercomputer Center. With a convective time scale tc = L V0 , the final time in the simulation is tfinal = 20tc. The classical 4 th
Finite-Time Stability of Atangana-Baleanu Fractional-Order Linear Systems

This paper investigates a fractional-order linear system in the frame of Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative. First, we prove that some properties for the Caputo fractional derivative also hold in the sense of AB fractional derivative. Subsequently, several sufficient criteria to guarantee the finite-time stability and the finite-time boundedness for the system are derived. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the validity of our main results.
Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella in Ethiopia Since 2009/2010: A Review

Salmonella is one of the major and important foodborne pathogens of humans and animals causing salmonellosis, which have great medical and economical cost. Infections with Salmonella in food-producing animals present a serious public health concern, because food products of animal origin are considered to be a significant source of human infection. Most common sources of infection are eggs and related products, and meat from poultry and other food animal species. Milk and dairy products have also been associated with outbreaks of salmonellosis in people. Studies indicated the widespread occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in Ethiopia. The emergence and persistence of antimicrobial resistance is driven by varied factors including the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and variable drug efficacy and presents a major threat to the control of infectious diseases. In recent years, since the rate at which resistance occurs has outpaced the development of new drug replacements, it has become necessary to use the currently available agents, optimally and appropriately. Therefore, developing strategies in order to minimize the expansion of antimicrobial resistance is critically important. Performing drug susceptibility test for each salmonellosis case and Educating the community about Salmonella transmission is very important. Moreover, collaboration of different stakeholders like the public health, animal health, and animal agriculture communities plays a pivotal role.
Distribution of Mimosa diplotricha in eastern and southern Africa and its socioecological
impacts in northern Malawi

Background: Mimosa diplotricha is an emerging or established weed in many parts of the world, including many countries in Africa, where it is impacting on biodiversity, crop and pasture production, and driving socio-ecological change. Objectives: To establish the current distribution of M. diplotricha in eastern and southern Africa and its impacts on livelihoods in northern Malawi. Methods: Records on current distribution were collected from roadside surveys, literature reviews and herbarium data. Household surveys were conducted in the Karonga District, Malawi, to understand its impacts on local livelihoods. Results: Mimosa diplotricha is abundant in western Ethiopia, southern Tanzania, and northern and southeastern Malawi with isolated populations in western Rwanda, Burundi, Mozambique, and on the northern shores of Lake Victoria in Uganda. Most respondents said that M. diplotricha invasions were reducing the amount of grass and shrubs in rangelands, with over half saying it reduced crop yields. This invasive plant is also reducing the availability of medicinal plants and other natural resources. Conclusions: Mimosa diplotricha has the potential to significantly expand its range in eastern Africa, and parts of southern Africa, and as such there is an urgent need to develop and implement an integrated management strategy, including biological control, to reduce the negative effects of this invasive plant on local livelihoods.
The role of soil water monitoring tools and agricultural innovation platforms in improving food security and income of farmers in smallholder irrigation schemes in Tanzania

ABSTRACT Smallholder irrigation is an important pathway towards better livelihoods and food security in sub-Saharan Africa. This article assesses the contribution of farmer-friendly soil and water monitoring tools, and agricultural innovation platforms, towards household income and food security in two small-scale irrigation schemes in Tanzania. Quantitative and qualitative data from farmer’s field books, household surveys and focus groups were used to assess the impacts of the two interventions. The two interventions together contributed to enhancing smallholders’ food security and household income in the two schemes, as did the agricultural innovation platform on its own.
Response to Reviews: Vegetation Influence and Environmental Controls on Greenhouse Gas Fluxes from a Drained Thermokarst Lake in the Western Canadian Arctic

Thermokarst features are widespread in ice-rich regions of the circumpolar Arctic. The rate of thermokarst 10 lake formation and drainage is anticipated to accelerate as the climate warms. However, it is uncertain how these dynamic features impact the terrestrial Arctic carbon cycle. Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes were measured during peak growing season using eddy covariance and chambers at Illisarvik, a 0.16 km thermokarst lake basin that was experimentally drained in 1978 on Richards Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Vegetation in the basin differesdiffers markedly from the surrounding dwarf-shrub tundra and included patches of tall shrubs, grasses 15 and sedges with some bare ground and a small pond in the centre. During the study periodpeak growing season, temperature and wind conditions were highly variable and soil water content decreased steadily. Basin -scaled net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) measured by eddy covariance was -1.5 [ CI95% ± 0.2] g C-CO2 m d; NEE followed a marked diurnal pattern with no day-to-day trend during the study period. Variations in half-hourly NEE was primarywere primarily controlled by photosynthetic photon flux density and influenced by vapor pressure deficit, 20 volumetric water content and the presence of shrubs. By contrast, net within the flux tower footprint, which varied with wind direction. Net methane exchange (NME) was low (8.7 [CI95% ± 0.4] mg CH4 m dand and had little impact on the growing season carbon balance of the basin during the study period. NME displayed high spatial variability, and sedge areas in the basin were the strongest source of CH4 while upland areas outside the basin were a net sink. Soil moisture and temperature were the main environmental factors influencing NME, having a positive and 25 negative effect respectively. Presently, Illisarvik is a carbon sink during the peak growing season. However, these results suggest that rates of growing season CO2 and CH4 exchange rates may change as the basin’s vegetation community continues to evolve.
Management of Meloidogyne incognita -Fusarium oxysporum disease complex of Pisum sativum

An experiment was conducted under pot conditions to evaluate the efficacy of chemicals (carbofuran @ 1 mg a.i./kg soil, bavistin @ 1 mg a.i./kg soil), botanicals (Azadirachta indica seed powder @ 50 mg/kg soil, Murraya koenigii leaves powder @ 150 mg/kg soil) and bioagents (Trichoderma virens @ 50 ml (108 CFU/ml)/kg soil, Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 50 ml (2x108 CFU/ml)/kg soil) against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (2500 J2/kg soil) - wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum (2.5 ml spore suspension having 108 CFU/ml) disease complex of field pea, Pisum sativum cv. Rachna. All the treatments significantly improved the growth of plants compared to untreated inoculated plants. Carbofuran and bavistin showed maximum suppression of root-knot development and fungal infection respectively, while A. indica seed powder and T. virens were found effective against both the pathogens.
Reframing service innovation: COVID-19 as a catalyst for imposed service innovation

Purpose The empirical study draws on a crowdsourced database of 221 innovations associated with the COVID-19 pandemic Design/methodology/approach Aside from the health and humanitarian crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused an acute economic downturn in most sectors, forcing public and private organizations to rethink and reconfigure service provision The paper introduces the concept of imposed service innovation as a new strategic lens to augment the extant view of service innovation as a primarily discretionary activity Findings The identified imposed service innovations were assigned to 11 categories and examined in terms of their strategic horizon and strategic stretch The innovations are characterized by spatial flexibility, social and health outreach and exploitation of technology Research limitations/implications As a new area of service innovation research, imposed service innovations highlight strategic issues that include the primacy of customers and the fragility of institutions Practical implications Situations involving imposed service innovation represent opportunities for rapid business development when recognized as such A severe disruption such as a pandemic can catalyze managerial rethinking as organizations are forced to look beyond their existing business strategies Social implications As a strategic response to severe disruption of institutions, markets and service offerings, imposed service innovations afford opportunities to implement transformation and enhance well-being This novel strategic lens foregrounds a societal account of service innovation, emphasizing societal relevance and context beyond the challenges of business viability alone Originality/value While extant service innovation research has commonly focused on discretionary activities that enable differentiation and growth, imposed service innovations represent actions for resilience and renewal
Quality of different crops under hydroponics fodder production system

The experiment was conducted at new area Farm, Department of Forage crops, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to evaluate the quality of different crops under hydroponics fodder production system during October-December 2017. The treatment consist of fodder maize, grain maize, fodder bajra, grain bajra, barley, wheat, oats, fodder cowpea, grain cowpea, horse gram, soybean and Lucerne. Among the different crops under study, fodder maize, grain maize, grain cowpea and horse gram found to possess quality fodder under hydroponics fodder production system and recorded higher shoot length, chlorophyll index, total protein content, total protein yield, crude fat content and crude fat yield. These crops were followed by fodder cowpea.