Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ARAM: A Technology Acceptance Model to Ascertain the Behavioural Intention to Use Augmented Reality

The expansion of augmented reality across society, its availability in mobile platforms and the novelty character it embodies by appearing in a growing number of areas, have raised new questions related to people’s predisposition to use this technology in their daily life. Acceptance models, which have been updated following technological breakthroughs and society changes, are known to be great tools for predicting the intention to use a new technological system. This paper proposes a new acceptance model aiming to ascertain the intention to use augmented reality technology in heritage sites—the Augmented Reality Acceptance Model (ARAM). ARAM relies on the use of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT) model’s constructs, namely performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions, to which the new and adapted constructs of trust expectancy, technological innovation, computer anxiety and hedonic motivation are added. This model was validated with data gathered from 528 participants. Results confirm ARAM as a reliable tool to determine the acceptance of augmented reality technology for usage in cultural heritage sites. The direct impact of performance expectancy, facilitating conditions and hedonic motivation is validated as having a positive influence on behavioural intention. Trust expectancy and technological innovation are demonstrated to have a positive influence on performance expectancy whereas hedonic motivation is negatively influenced by effort expectancy and by computer anxiety. The research, thus, supports ARAM as a suitable model to ascertain the behavioural intention to use augmented reality in new areas of activity.
Vertical Motions in Intense Hurricanes

Abstract Hurricane vertical motion properties are studied using aircraft-measured 1 Hz time series of vertical velocity obtained during radial penetrations of four mature hurricanes. A total of 115 penetrations from nine flight sorties at altitudes from 0.5 to 6.1 km are included in the data set. Convective vertical motion events are classified as updrafts (or downdrafts) if the vertical velocity was continuously positive (or negative) for at least 500 m and exceed an absolute value of 0.5 m s−1. Over 3000 updrafts and nearly 2000 downdrafts are included in the data set. A second criteria was used to define stronger events, called cores. This criteria required that upward (or downward) vertical velocity be continuously greater than an absolute value of 1 m s−1 for at least 500 m. The draft and core properties are summarized as distributions of average and maximum vertical velocity, diameter, and vertical mass transport in two regions: eyewall and rainband. In both regions updrafts dominated over downdraft.
Natural Frequencies of Closed Spherical Shells

Equations are presented for the natural frequencies of free vibration of closed elastic spherical shells. They are derived from a theory of shells that includes the effects of transverse, shear, and rotatory inertia. It is shown that five branches appear in the frequency spectrum, whereas only three are known to be predicted by the classical bending theory of shells.
A Numerical and Experimental Study on the Effect of the Cone Angle of the Spindle in Murata Vortex Spinning Machine

To study the effect of the cone angle of the hollow spindle in the nozzle of Murata vortex spinning (MVS) on yarn properties, the k-e turbulence model is employed to simulate the airflow patterns inside the different nozzles with different spindle cone angles. A set of corresponding spinning experiments is designed to verify numerical predictions. The simulation results show that some factors, such as the counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP) over the spindle, high supersonic zone in the inlet of the swirling chamber, and the distribution of wall shear stress (WSS) along the outer wall of the spindle caused by variation of the cone angle of the spindle, are significantly related to fluid flow, and consequently to MVS yarn properties. A rational cone angle (Case 2) can form an axisymmetric CVP and high WSS, which can ensure sufficient twisting of the yarn and produce high quality yarn. The experimental results, which yarn properties spun using 100% cotton, 100% polyester, and polyester 70/cotton 30 blends with different nozzles, are well consistent with the numerical study.
CrackDiffusion: crack inpainting with denoising diffusion models and crack segmentation perceptual score

Cracks commonly occur in engineering structures. Imaging method is one of the most effective detection method for crack. However, crack information captured by the imaging sensors is often interfered by noise and the other environmental factors. In this paper, we propose a crack inpainting method that can automatically repair the missing crack information. The inpainting method consists of a denoising diffusion model and a segmentation guidance model. Taking advantages of denoising diffusion model’s stability and segmentation guidance model’s accuracy, we can achieve coherent inpainting patches as well as accurate crack traces. Furthermore, we propose a fine crack metric—crack segmentation perceptual score to guide high quality crack generation. Experimental results show that our method achieves both high quality and precise crack inpainting results, which is very beneficial to the crack detection and evaluation in structural health monitoring.
Unraveling the Molecular Basis of Mycosporine Biosynthesis in Fungi

The Phaffia rhodozyma UCD 67-385 genome harbors a 7873 bp cluster containing DDGS, OMT, and ATPG, encoding 2-desmethy-4-deoxygadusol synthase, O-methyl transferase, and ATP-grasp ligase, respectively, of the mycosporine glutaminol (MG) biosynthesis pathway. Homozygous deletion mutants of the entire cluster, single-gene mutants, and the Δddgs−/−;Δomt−/− and Δomt−/−;Δatpg−/− double-gene mutants did not produce mycosporines. However, Δatpg−/− accumulated the intermediate 4-deoxygadusol. Heterologous expression of the DDGS and OMT or DDGS, OMT, and ATPG cDNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae led to 4-deoxygadusol or MG production, respectively. Genetic integration of the complete cluster into the genome of the non-mycosporine-producing CBS 6938 wild-type strain resulted in a transgenic strain (CBS 6938_MYC) that produced MG and mycosporine glutaminol glucoside. These results indicate the function of DDGS, OMT, and ATPG in the mycosporine biosynthesis pathway. The transcription factor gene mutants Δmig1−/−, Δcyc8−/−, and Δopi1−/− showed upregulation, Δrox1−/− and Δskn7−/− showed downregulation, and Δtup6−/− and Δyap6−/− showed no effect on mycosporinogenesis in glucose-containing medium. Finally, comparative analysis of the cluster sequences in several P. rhodozyma strains and the four newly described species of the genus showed the phylogenetic relationship of the P. rhodozyma strains and their differentiation from the other species of the genus Phaffia.
On the Direction of Causality between Business and Financial Cycles

This paper investigates whether business cycles cause financial cycles or vice versa. We also assess whether the US plays a leading role in causing the domestic business and financial cycles of other countries. The literature has established that business and financial cycles are linked through several channels such as credit constraints, the real effects of financial information and the reversal of overoptimistic expectations. Our analysis evaluates the direction of Granger causality using a novel approach based on the mixed-frequency vector autoregression model for the G7 countries. Our approach exploits the fact that real economic activity measured by industrial production is observed at a higher frequency than aggregate credit. We find strong evidence of bidirectional causality between the business and financial cycles, especially in recessions. Furthermore, the US is a global leader since the US business cycle significantly affects other countries’ business cycles, especially in terms of expansions.
Evaluating migraine with typical aura with neuroimaging

Objective To provide an up-to-date narrative literature review of imaging in migraine with typical aura, as a means to understand better migraine subtypes and aura biology. Background Characterizing subtypes of migraine with typical aura and appreciating possible biological differences between migraine with and without aura, are important to understanding the neurobiology of aura and trying to advance personalized therapeutics in this area through imaging biomarkers. One means of doing this over recent years has been the use of increasingly advanced neuroimaging techniques. Methods We conducted a literature review of neuroimaging studies in migraine with aura, using a PubMed search for terms ‘imaging migraine’, ‘aura imaging’, ‘migraine with aura imaging’, ‘migraine functional imaging’ and ‘migraine structural imaging’. We collated the findings of the main studies, excluding small case reports and series with n < 6, and have summarized these and their implications for better understanding of aura mechanisms. Results Aura is likely mediated by widespread brain dysfunction in areas involving, but not limited to, visual cortex, somatosensory and insular cortex, and thalamus. Higher brain excitability in response to sensory stimulation and altered resting-state functional connectivity in migraine sufferers with aura could have a genetic component. Pure visual aura compared to visual aura with other sensory or speech symptoms as well, may involve different functional reorganization of brain networks and additional mitochondrial dysfunction mediating more aura symptoms. Conclusion There is a suggestion of at least some distinct neurobiological differences between migraine with and without aura, despite the shared phenotypic similarity in headache and other migraine-associated symptoms. It is clear from the vast majority of aura phenotypes being visual that there is a particular predisposition of the occipital cortex to aura mechanisms. Why this is the case, along with the relationships between cortical spreading depression and headache, and the reasons why aura does not consistently present in affected individuals, are all important research questions for the future.
A Dual-Polarization Radar Signature of Hydrometeor Refreezing in Winter Storms

AbstractPolarimetric radar measurements in winter storms that produce ice pellets have revealed a unique signature that is indicative of ongoing hydrometeor refreezing. This refreezing signature is observed within the low-level subfreezing air as an enhancement of differential reflectivity ZDR and specific differential phase KDP and a decrease of radar reflectivity factor at horizontal polarization ZH and copolar correlation coefficient ρhv. It is distinct from the overlying melting-layer “brightband” signature and suggests that unique microphysical processes are occurring within the layer of hydrometeor refreezing. The signature is analyzed for four ice-pellet cases in central Oklahoma as observed by two polarimetric radars. A statistical analysis is performed on the characteristics of the refreezing signature for a case of particularly long duration. Several hypotheses are presented to explain the appearance of the signature, along with a summary of the pros and cons for each. It is suggested that prefe.
Unsupervised GAN-Based Intrusion Detection System Using Temporal Convolutional Networks and Self-Attention

Fifth-generation (5G) networks provide connectivity to a massive number of devices and boost a plethora of applications in several different domains. However, the large adoption of connected devices increases attack surfaces and introduces several security threats that can severely damage physical objects and risk people’s lives. Despite existing intrusion detection systems (IDSs), there are still several challenges to be addressed in the detection of cyber-attacks. For instance, while unsupervised IDSs are required to detect zero-day attacks, they usually present high false positive rates. Moreover, most existing IDSs rely on long short-term memory (LSTM) networks to consider time-dependencies among data. However, LSTM networks have recently been shown to present several drawbacks and limitations, which put into question their performance on sequence modeling tasks. Thus, in this paper, we investigate generative adversarial networks (GANs), a promising unsupervised approach to detecting attacks by implicitly modeling systems, and alternatives to LSTM networks to consider temporal dependencies among data. We propose a novel unsupervised GAN-based IDS that uses temporal convolutional networks (TCNs) and self-attention to detect cyber-attacks. The proposed IDS leverages edge computing and is proposed for edge servers, which bring computation resources closer to end nodes. Experiment results show that our proposed IDS can be configured to satisfy different detection rate and detection time requirements. Moreover, they show that our IDS is more accurate and at least 3.8 times faster than two state-of-the-art GAN-based IDSs that are used as baselines.
Probing the Interplay between Mo Back Contact Layer Deposition Condition and MoSe2 Layer Formation at the CIGSe/Mo Hetero-Interface

The effect of Mo thin film deposition power in DC sputtering on the formation of a MoSe2 interfacial layer grown via the annealing of CIGSe/Mo precursors in an Se-free atmosphere was investigated. A Mo layer was deposited on glass substrates using the DC magnetron sputtering method. Its electrical resistivity, as well as its morphological, structural, and adhesion characteristics, were analyzed regarding the deposition power. In the case of thinner films of about 300 nm deposited at 80 W, smaller grains and a lower volume percentage of grain boundaries were found, compared to 510 nm thick film with larger agglomerates obtained at 140 W DC power. By increasing the deposition power, in contrast, the conductivity of the Mo film significantly improved with lowest sheet resistance of 0.353 Ω/square for the sample deposited at 140 W. Both structural and Raman spectroscopy outputs confirmed the pronounced formation of MoSe2, resulting from Mo films with predominant (110) orientated planes. Sputtered Mo films deposited at 140 W power improved Mo crystals and the growth of MoSe2 layers with a preferential (103) orientation upon the Se-free annealing. With a more porous Mo surface structure for the sample deposited at higher power, a larger contact area developed between the Mo films and the Se compound was found from the CIGSe film deposited on top of the Mo, favoring the formation of MoSe2. The CIGSe/Mo hetero-contact, including the MoSe2 layer with controlled thickness, is not Schottky-type, but a favourable ohmic-type, as evaluated by the dark I-V measurement at room temperature (RT). These findings support the significance of regulating the thickness of the unintentional MoSe2 layer growth, which is attainable by controlling the Mo deposition power. Furthermore, while the adhesion between the CIGSe absorber layer and the Mo remains intact, the resistance of final devices with the Ni/CIGSe/Mo structure was found to be directly linked to the MoSe2 thickness. Consequently, it addresses the importance of MoSe2 structural properties for improved CIGSe solar cell performance and stability.
Effect of ZEB1 Associated with microRNAs on Tumor Stem Cells in Head and Neck Cancer

Cancer biologists have focused on studying cancer stem cells (CSCs) because of their ability to self-renew and recapitulate tumor heterogeneity, which increases their resistance to chemotherapy and is associated with cancer relapse. Here, we used two approaches to isolate CSCs: the first involved the metabolic enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH, and the second involved the three cell surface markers CD44, CD117, and CD133. ALDH cells showed a higher zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) microRNA (miRNA) expression than CD44/CD117/133 triple-positive cells, which overexpressed miRNA 200c-3p: a well-known microRNA ZEB1 inhibitor. We found that ZEB1 inhibition was driven by miR-101-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-144-3p, miR-199b-5p, and miR-200c-3p and that the FaDu Cell Line inhibition occurred at the mRNA level, whereas HN13 did not affect mRNA expression but decreased protein levels. Furthermore, we demonstrated the ability of the ZEB1 inhibitor miRNAs to modulate CSC-related genes, such as TrkB, ALDH, NANOG, and HIF1A, using transfection technology. We showed that ALDH was upregulated upon ZEB1-suppressed miRNA transfection (Mann–Whitney ** p101 = 0.009, t-test ** p139 = 0.009, t-test ** p144 = 0.002, and t-test *** p199 = 0.0006). Overall, our study enabled an improved understanding of the role of ZEB1-suppressed miRNAs in CSC biology.
Empirical Likelihood for a Partially Linear Single-Index Measurement Error Model with Right-Censored Data

This article considers the application of the empirical likelihood method to a partially linear single-index measure error model (PLSIMeM) with right-censored data. With a synthetic data approach, an empirical log-likelihood ratio statistic for the parametric components is defined and it is shown that its limiting distribution is a mixture of central chi-squared distributions. Based on this, a confidence region for the parameters is constructed. To increase the accuracy of the confidence region, we also propose an adjusted empirical log-likelihood ratio statistic for the parameters. The resulting statistic is proved to follow a standard chi-squared limiting distribution. Simulation studies are undertaken to assess the finite sample performance of the proposed confidence regions.
Secondary Instability of Shear Flows

Abstract : A survey is given on the appearance of secondary instability in shear flows. The mixing layer, the flat-plate boundary layer, and plane Poiseuille flow are considered as prototype flows. The computational and analytical work which produced conceptual enlightenment is discussed. A theory of secondary instability is presented: the (almost) periodic flow that develops in the presence of finite-amplitude traveling waves is used as a basic flow for a linear stability analysis with respect to spanwise periodic, three-dimensional disturbances. The Hill-type stability equations with periodic coefficients allow for various classes of normal modes that are associated with different types of resonance. A numerical method for solving the secondary stability problem is discussed. Results for fundamental and subharmonic modes in plane Poiseuille flow are reviewed briefly. The present scope of the theory and its potential for future extensions are discussed.
Analysis of a circular patch antenna radiating in a parallel-plate radial guide

This paper investigates the use of a coaxially fed patch as a feeding element in a single-layer radial line slot antenna (RLSA) array. A field matching method is described to analyze a recessed circular cavity radiating into a radial waveguide. Using the wall impedance approach, the analysis is divided into two separate problems of the cavity and its external environment. Based on this analysis, a computer algorithm is developed for determining wall admittances as seen at the edge of the patch in the cavity, the radial admittance matrix for the two-probe feed arrangement, and the input impedance as observed from the coaxial line feeding the cavity. This algorithm is tested against the general-purpose Hewlett-Packard finite-element high frequency structure simulator as well as against measured results. Good agreement in all considered cases is noted.
Comparison of ALS based models for estimating aboveground biomass in three types of Mediterranean forest

Abstract This study aimed to develop ALS-based models for estimating stem, crown and aboveground biomass in three types of Mediterranean forest, based on low density ALS data. Two different modelling approaches were used: (i) linear models with different variable selection methods (Stepwise Selection [SS], Clustering/Exhaustive search [CE] and Genetic Algorithm [GA]), and (ii) previously Published Models (PM) applicable to diverse types of forest. Results indicated more accurate estimations of biomass components for pure Pinus pinea L. (rRMSE = 25.90-26.16%) than for the mixed (30.86-36.34%) and Quercus pyrenaica Willd. forests (32.78-34.84%). All the tested approaches were valuable, but SS and GA performed better than CE and PM in most cases.
The Spectrum of the 8.7 s X-ray Pulsar 4U 0142+61

We investigate the properties of the 8.7 s X-ray pulsar 4U 0142+61 using new data obtained with the ASCA observatory and archival data from the Einstein and ROSAT observatories. New measurements of the pulse period from 1979 and 1994 confirm that 4U 0142+61 is spinning down on a timescale of 127,000 yr. The ASCA spectrum is featureless and requires two components consisting of a ~0.4 keV blackbody plus a power law with a photon index of ~3.7. The blackbody flux is ~40% the total and for a distance greater than 0.5 kpc covers more than 12% of the neutron star surface. This covering fraction is 2 orders of magnitude larger than expected for thin disk accretion onto a magnetized neutron star. These results suggest 4U 0142+61 is probably not a low-mass X-ray binary system, but rather is an isolated pulsar undergoing a combination of spherical and disk accretion. The observed properties seem consistent with the suggestion by van Paradijs, Taam, & van den Heuvel that this pulsar is powered by accretion from the remnant of a Thorne-Żytkow object (TŻO). The ROSAT PSPC image shows a dust-scattering halo that is a factor of 2 less than predicted by the measured equivalent hydrogen column density of 8 × 1021 cm-2, suggesting half of the absorbing material is located in the vicinity of the pulsar and possibly the remains of the TŻO envelope.
A Comparative Study Between Pharmacological Efficacy of Meperidine and Oxycodone for Preventing Shivering in Patients who underwent Inguinal Hernia Repair with Spinal Anesthesia

Postoperative shivering control without lengthening recovery time and worsening cardiovascular system is important and necessary. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of Meperidine and Oxycodone in preventing shivering in patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair with spinal anesthesia. The present study consisted of patients with herniorrhaphy in the Fatemi and Imam Hospital of Ardabil who were studied through a double-blind clinical trial. with spinal anesthesia from 2017 through 18. In the study110 cases with hernia were included. In both studied groups of Meperidine or oxycodone, patients were allocated randomly. Interventions began half an hour before spinal anesthesia in the operating room. Each groups had their own structured treatment plan so that the first and the second groups received 5 mg of oxycodone and placebo respectively. After the patients being stable, Meperidine 0.4 mg/kg (2 CC) was injected to the second group following the spinal anesthesia. Normal saline (2 CC) injected to the first group as placebo. Patients were evaluated for shivering, nausea, vomiting and other complications up to 4 hours after surgery. After the operation, an uninformed questioner asked for shivering, nausea and vomiting and other complications of the operation, including dizziness and headache, for up to 4 hours (at intervals of 0, 2 and 4 hours), filling the relevant questionnaire and then the data were entered into SPSSv 21 and analyzed using Chi Square, T test and Fisher exact tests. A significance Level of 0.05 was considered for all the tests. The incidence of shivering in the oxycodone group at zero time (in recovery room) was significantly lower than the Meperidine group. But in other times, oxycodone had no significant effect on shivering compared to Meperidine. In both studied groups, there was not significant differences between rate of nausea and vomiting. We showed that oxycodone pills immediately after surgery may reduce the incidence of shivering significantly and also effective in shivering control as much as Meperidine at the other times of recovery.