Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic interrelationships in the order Primulales, with special emphasis on the family circumscriptions

Cladistic parsimony analyses, based on morphological data, have been undertaken with the purpose of identifying major monophyletic groups and phylogenetic interrelationships within the Primulales. Actinidia (Actinidiaceae, Ericales) and three genera from two families of the Ebenales (Diospyros of the Ebenaceae and Manilkara and Monotheca of the Sapotaceae) were used as outgroups in the analyses. The results indicate that the Primulaceae, Theophrastaceae, and Myrsinaceae (excluding Maesa) represent three major monophyletic groups. The Myrsinaceae were found to be paraphyletic, with the majority of taxa forming a monophyletic group but with the genus Maesa constituting the sister group of the Primulaceae. It is proposed that Maesa should be raised to the rank of family to obtain strictly monophyletic groups in the Primulales. The genera Aegiceras and Coris, for which family affinities have been controversial, are well nested within the families Myrsinaceae and Primulaceae, respectively. Key words: Primulale.
Airborne microorganisms in commercial shell egg processing facilities

Total aerobic bacteria, molds/yeasts, coliforms and pseudomonads in the air in three shell egg processing operations (in-line, off-line and mixed operations) were determined using MicroBio MB2 Air Samplers. Sites were sampled from each facility on three different days (replication) during the same week. Four air samples (1000 L each) were drawn from each sampling site on a given day. Sampling sites, included areas in or near the following on-site locations: hen house (in-line and mixed operations), farm transition room (in-line and mixed operations), egg washers, egg dryer, packer heads, post-processing cooler, nest-run cooler (off-line and mixed operations), loading dock and dry storage. Type of operation (in- line, off-line or mixed), sampling site and the interaction between operation and site had a significant effect on the number of total aerobic bacteria, molds/yeasts, coliforms and pseudomonads recovered (P < 0.05). Highest counts for total aerobic bacteria (5.9 log cfu/ml air), molds/yeasts (4.0 log cfu/ml air) and coliforms 10 10 (2.5 log cfu/ml air) were found in the hen house. Highest counts for pseudomonads were found in the hen 10 house (3.2 log cfu/ml air) and behind the egg washer (3.5 log cfu/ml air). Lowest counts for total aerobic 10 10 bacteria (2.5 log cfu/ml air) and molds/yeast (2.7 log cfu/ml air) were found in the post-processing cooler. 10 10 Few samples in the post-processing coolers, nest-run coolers, loading docks and dry storage areas tested positive for coliforms (0/36, 2/24, 1/36 and 0/36, respectively) and pseudomonads (1/36, 2/24, 5/36 and 6/36, respectively). Data gathered during this study has been useful in identifying the sources and levels of airborne contaminates in commercial shell egg processing facilities.
Effect of Perioperative Blood Transfusion on the Survival of Gastric Cancer Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gastrectomy

Femoral head necrosis is a mobility disorder and till now no satisfactory solution has been reported. The principal contributing factor in the pathogenesis of the disease is insufficient blood supply to the femoral head resulting in necrosis of the femoral head. Various preventive measures required to treat femoral head necrosis include revascularization, adequate supply of osteogenic cells and establishing enough strength to avoid collapse. Among all, cell transplantation therapy is considered the most favourable treatment strategy for femoral head necrosis. However, the results merely depend on the etiology and the clinical stage of femoral head necrosis. Thus, it is better to make a treatment plan according to the epidemiology, disease status and stage. The main objective of this communication is to study the treatment of femoral head necrosis with cell replacement therapy and also its effects by focusing on the disease stages.
Responses of Modern Broiler Chicks to Stocking Density, Green Tea, Commercial Multi Enzymes and Their Interactions on Productive Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Liver Composition and Plasma Constituents

The objective of this work was to study the responses of modern broiler chicks to stocking density, green tea, commercial Multi enzymes (Optizyme® p-5) and their interaction on productive performance, carcass characteristics, chemical composition of liver and plasma constituents. Commercial breeds (Lohman) of broiler chicks were housed at different densities of 10, 14 and 18 bird/m during the period from 2 7 to 43 days of age. Chicks within each density were fed four experimental diets; one of them was used as a control diet. In the other three diets the control diet was supplemented with green tea (5g/kg feed) or Multi enzymes (1 g /kg feed), or mixture of both. Therefore, there were 12 experimental treatments in which each treatment was replicated four times. Results could be summarized as follows: Stocking density had no significant effect on growth of broiler chicks, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during 7-43 days of age, except for increasing stocking density of 18 bird/m during only the period from 22 to 43 days of age 2 while reduced growth and feed intake significantly. Addition of green tea, Multi enzymes or their mixture had no significant effect on growth, feed intake and FCR of broiler chicks. There were significant interactions among stocking density and feed additives. The best dressing percentage was obtained from group stocked at 14 bird/m and fed the control diet. Also, hind part weight and % were the highest of birds stocked at 10/m 2 2 and fed diet supplemented with Multi enzymes or those stocked at 14 bird/m and fed the control diet. There 2 diet, while addition of green tea, Multi enzymes and their mixture improved front part % significantly compared to the control diet. A mixture of green tea and Multi enzymes significantly increased liver%, while Multi enzymes decreased significantly absolute and heart % compared to the control group. A mixture of green tea and Multi enzymes significantly decreased intestinal weight and % compared with the control diet without or with green tea. Stocking density had no significant effect on chemical composition of liver and plasma constituents of broiler chicks as well as liver functions as judged by plasma ALT and AST activities during the experimental period. Green tea had no significant effect on chemical composition of liver and plasma total protein and its fraction, total lipids and cholesterol and plasma AST and ALT activities. In conclusion broiler chicks could be stocked up to 14 bird/m without adverse effect on growth performance, while addition 2 of green tea, Multi enzymes or their mixture had no enhancing effect on growth performance of broiler stocked at different densities.
Biology of the seerfish landed by exploratory trawlers

Among the four species of seer fish namely Scomberomorus guttatus , S. commerson , S. koreanus and S, lineolatus landed by fishery trawlers along the mid west coast of India, the dominant species is S. guttatus . The lengthweight relationship of the first three species was studied and it is described by the logarithmic equations for both the sexes. Analysis of covariance showed that the regression lines of both the sexes of these three species did not differ much from each other. Therefore, combined equations are proposed for both the sexes together and it is Log W = -1.9386 + 2.8226 Log L for S. guttatus , Log W = -1.4473 + 2.4987 Log L for S. koreanus and Log W = -20557 + 2.8704 Log L for S. commerson . Sex ratio did not indicate dominance of any one sex among them, von Bertalanffy growth equation for S guttatus is L^ = 843 (1-e •''•'^" (t - 0.0174) for S. commerson L^=1212 (1-e -""s^'Ct - 0.0390) and for S. koreanus L^ = 1060 (1-e •'"""'^ (t - 0.0205). Gut content analysis showed that the empty stomached fishes were dominant (46.1 %), followed by half full (19.2 %), full stomach (16.5 %), quarter full (15.8 %) and finally the three fourth full (2.4 %). The qualitative analysis of the gut content showed that these species are piscivorous in nature. The order of food preference is Stolephorus spp. (86 %), lesser sardines (9 %), silver bellies (2 %) and squids (1 %).
AI in Medical Imaging Informatics: Current Challenges and Future Directions

This paper reviews state-of-the-art research solutions across the spectrum of medical imaging informatics, discusses clinical translation, and provides future directions for advancing clinical practice. More specifically, it summarizes advances in medical imaging acquisition technologies for different modalities, highlighting the necessity for efficient medical data management strategies in the context of AI in big healthcare data analytics. It then provides a synopsis of contemporary and emerging algorithmic methods for disease classification and organ/ tissue segmentation, focusing on AI and deep learning architectures that have already become the de facto approach. The clinical benefits of in-silico modelling advances linked with evolving 3D reconstruction and visualization applications are further documented. Concluding, integrative analytics approaches driven by associate research branches highlighted in this study promise to revolutionize imaging informatics as known today across the healthcare continuum for both radiology and digital pathology applications. The latter, is projected to enable informed, more accurate diagnosis, timely prognosis, and effective treatment planning, underpinning precision medicine.
Arboreal camera trapping for the Critically Endangered greater bamboo lemur Prolemur simus

Abstract Camera traps are standard tools for assessing populations of medium–large terrestrial mammals, particularly for rare, elusive or cryptic species, yet few researchers have attempted to employ camera traps to document rare primates in arboreal settings. We examined different arboreal camera-trap techniques to document the Critically Endangered greater bamboo lemur Prolemur simus in Madagascar. We documented P. simus at two sites, confirming presence at one site. Most species, including 86% of all lemur occurrences, were documented in low light conditions (c. < 105 lux). Our study suggests that camera traps can be effective in validating unconfirmed sightings of rare or secretive primate species. We recommend that future work with cameras in arboreal settings considers seasonal activity patterns, targets sites with high food densities, uses local knowledge, and utilizes available techniques (e.g. traditional trapping techniques) and landscape topography to concentrate animal movement (e.g. steep slopes or ridge lines).
The diet of stoats (Mustela erminea) and weasels (Mustela nivalis) in Great Britain

The diet of 789 stoats Mustela erminea and 458 weasels M. nivalis collected in Great Britain between 1995 and 1997 is described from analyses of their gut contents. As a percentage frequency of occurrence, stoat diet consisted of 65% lagomorphs, 16% small rodents and 17% birds and birds' eggs. Weasel diet consisted of 25% lagomorphs, 68% small rodents, mainly Microtus agrestis , and 5% birds and birds' eggs. Male stoats ate a greater proportion of lagomorphs than females, which ate more small rodents. No differences in diet between the sexes of the weasels were detected. The proportion of lagomorphs in the diet of both species was greatest in the spring. Both species ate more lagomorphs in the 1990s than in the 1960s as a result of increasing rabbit populations following recovery from myxomatosis. The importance of small rodents had decreased for stoats and increased for weasels. Both species had a dietary niche that was more specialized than in the 1960s. The implications of these findings for stoat and weasel conservation are discussed.
Development of a pelleted feed for juvenile tropical spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus): response to dietary protein and lipid

Critical to the development of a cost-effective feed for the tropical spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus is knowledge of its response to the protein and lipid (or energy) content of the feed. An experiment of 12 weeks duration was carried out to examine growth responses of juvenile lobsters to pelleted diets that provided six crude protein (CP) levels [320–600 g kg−1 dry matter (DM)] and two lipid levels (nominally 60 and 100 g kg−1 DM). Lobsters (mean initial weight of 1.8 g) were held in groups of nine or 10 animals in 24 × 350 L tanks, fed twice daily at a restricted level, and maintained at 28 °C. Maximal growth responses occurred at dietary CP contents of 474 g kg−1 for the 60 g kg−1 lipid series and 533 g kg−1 for the 100 g kg−1 lipid series. A second experiment, of 4 weeks duration, compared two dietary treatments: a mixture of two of the best diets from the first experiment, and a commercial shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) feed. Lobsters were held under the same experimental conditions as in the first experiment, but were fed to excess twice daily. Their growth was significantly greater (P < 0.05) on the shrimp feed (0.68 g week−1) than on the laboratory-pelleted diets used in the main study (0.32 g week−1). The results indicate that the optimal dietary protein and lipid content of the diet for P. ornatus is about 530 and 100 g kg−1, respectively.
Effects of canola meal on physiological and biochemical parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Rainbow trout (initial body weight 4.16 ± 0.25 g) were fed diets [crude protein 420 g kg−1; gross energy 18.7 MJ kg−1 dry matter (DM); crude fat 110 g kg−1] containing graded levels of either a canola meal (crude protein 350 g kg−1 DM) supplemented with DL-methionine as partial fish meal protein. A growth trial was conducted over 16 weeks at a water temperature of 12 ± 1 °C. At the end of the growth trial, in addition to body composition analyses, plasma tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), cholesterol and liver fatty acid composition were measured. Replacement of fish meal with canola meal (100–570 g kg−1 replacement) did not affect on growth performance. At 16th week, plasma cholesterol levels were reduced in fish fed all diets in comparison with 8th week. Plasma T4 levels were significantly higher in the canola meal-fed fish sampled after 16 weeks, but no significant differences in T3 levels were obtained (P > 0.05). Proximate compositions were affected by dietary treatments. The liver fatty acid composition reflected that of the diet with a higher level of polyunsaturated (n-6) fatty acids in fish fed diet canola meal and a higher content in n-3/n-6 ratio in fish fed diet without canola meal. These studies show that canola meal has potential to replace substantial levels of fish meal in diets for carnivorous fish without compromising performance.
Carbon dynamics of aboveground live vegetation of boreal mixedwoods after wildfire and clear-cutting

Live vegetation carbon (C) pool dynamics are central to understanding C sequestration of forest ecosystems. Despite its importance, how aboveground live C pools change with stand development in boreal mixedwoods is poorly understood. We quantified aboveground live C pools (i.e., trees, >4 m in height; saplings and shrubs, 1.3–4 m in height; and understory plants, <1.3 m in height) in a postfire chronosequence ranging from 1 to 203 years and a postlogging chronosequence ranging from 1 to 27 years in the boreal mixedwoods of central Canada. The tree C pool of postfire stands increased from 0 to 109.2 Mg/ha from 1 to 92 years after fire and then declined to approximately 70 Mg/ha in 140- and 203-year-old stands. Carbon pools of saplings and shrubs and understory plants also changed with stand development and stand origin. Of the three age classes compared, postlogged stands had significantly higher vegetation C than postfire stands 1 and 27 years after disturbance, but there was no difference in 9-year-old s.
The effect of water-soluble carbohydrate concentration and type on in vitro rumen methane output of perennial ryegrass determined using a 24-hour batch-culture gas production technique

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration and type on the in vitro rumen methane (CH 4 ) output of perennial ryegrass (PR) using a 24-hour batch-culture gas production technique. Dried and milled PR was incubated either alone (PR-O) or with added sucrose (PR-S), inulin (PR-I), or sucrose plus inulin (PR-S+I; sucrose:inulin ratio of 1:4) in sealed glass bottles [0.5 g total substrate dry matter (DM) per bottle] at 39 °C for 24 hours with buffered rumen fluid. The WSC types were added (except for PR-O) so that the WSC concentration in each fermentation bottle at the start of the incubation was either 180 (i.e., PR-O), 225, 270, 315, or 360 g/kg of total substrate DM incubated. There were linear decreases in CH 4 output per gram of DM disappeared (CH 4 /ivDMD) and per mmol of total volatile fatty acid output (CH 4 /tVFA) with increasing WSC concentration in the incubated substrate. The WSC type had no effect on in vitro rumen CH 4 output. It is concluded that since CH 4 /ivDMD and CH 4 /tVFA were reduced by increasing the concentration of WSC incubated with PR, it would be worthwhile to undertake in vivo experiments to examine these effects on in vivo CH 4 emissions per unit of animal product.
Population parameters of ringed seals (Phoca hispida Schreber, 1775) in the Svalbard area

Samples were taken from 284 ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in the Svalbard area during April–July 1981 and March–April 1982. The age of 283 seals was determined by reading annuli in the cementum of the canine teeth. The mean age of the males was 11.3 years, and of the females, 14.9 years. Females were found to be significantly older than males. The mean length of sexually mature ringed seals was 128.9 cm for both sexes. The mean weight of adult males and females was 53.5 and 61.4 kg, respectively. Females were found to be significantly heavier than males. The sex ratio was 47.8% males and 52.2% females. Studies of microscopic sections of testis and epididymis from ringed seal males showed that 63, 75, and 80% of 5-, 6-, and 7-year-old animals, respectively, were sexually mature. The weights of testis and epididymis, diameters of tubuli, and the size of testis all showed a marked increase in the 5-year age-class. Macroscopic sections of ovaries from ringed seal females showed that 20, 60, and 80% of 3-, 4-, .
Competition for acorns among wild boar ( Sus scrofa ) and small mammals in a Mediterranean woodland

Observations of the rooting activity of wild boar in a holly-oak grove showed that in March–April the decrease of acorns in the diet (31%) was lower than their availability (82%). Moreover the occurrence of deep rooting events remains high despite the low occurrence of grass roots in the diet. These observations suggested that wild boar may exploit hoards of acorns collected by small mammals living in the study area (mainly wood mice Apodemus sp.). In order to test this hypothesis two experimental trials were set up to: (1) investigate whether wild boar were able to locate acorns buried in the ground (range 0–30 cm) and (2) establish if mouse burrows were more likely to be excavated than locations without burrows. The results clearly show that wild boar actively search for buried acorns, mainly in March (59%vs 31% in April and nothing in May) and that burrows are excavated significantly more than locations without burrows (ratio 2:1, respectively). Moreover, locations with burrows are characterized by a decline of rooting activity as a function of the distance from their centre (P= 0.02), which is absent in the control locations (P= 0.74). Our results show that wild boar are able to partly compensate for a reduced above-ground availability of acorns by predating on hoards collected by small mammals. Since this occurs during a critical period for female wild boar when they are giving birth and lactating, this behaviour may strongly influence the population dynamics of both wild boar and small mammals.
Seasonal Changes in Carbohydrates in the Root of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) and the Disruption of these Changes by Herbicides1

Roots of Canada thistle were excavated from the soil monthly from 1999 to 2001 near Scottsbluff, NE, to quantify the influence of changing soil temperature on free sugars and fructans in roots. Sucrose concentrations were low from May through August then increased in the fall and remained at high levels during winter and then declined in April as plants initiated spring growth. Changes in sucrose, 1-kestose (DP 3) and 1-nystose (DP 4) were shown to be closely associated with changes in soil temperature. During the second year of the study, average soil temperatures during the winter were colder than the first year and resulted in an increase of sucrose in Canada thistle roots. Experiments were conducted from 2001 to 2004 to determine whether there was a correlation between herbicide efficacy, time of herbicide application, and the resulting herbicide effect on root carbohydrate and Canada thistle control. Clopyralid applied in the fall reduced Canada thistle density 92% 8 months after treatment (MAT) whereas treatment made in the spring reduced plant density 33% 11 MAT. Fall application of clopyralid increased the activity of fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH) in roots and was associated with a decline in sucrose, DP 4, and 1-fructofuranosyl-nystose (DP 5) 35 d after treatment (DAT). Spring application of clopyralid also resulted in a decrease of the same carbohydrates 35 DAT, but by 98 DAT, or early October, sucrose level in roots had recovered and was similar to nontreated plants. Fall application of 2,4-D or clopyralid reduced Canada thistle density 39 and 92% respectively, 8 MAT, but only clopyralid resulted in a reduction of sucrose, DP 4, DP 5, and total sugar and an increase of 1-FEH compared with nontreated plants. Nomenclature: Clopyralid; dicamba; 2,4-D; glyphosate; Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L) Scop. #3 CIRAR. Additional index words: Fructan, fructose, glucose, inulin, sucrose. Abbreviations: AR(1), first-order autoregressive; 1-FFT, fructan:fructan 1-fructosyl transferase (EC 2.4.1.99); 1-SST, sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyl transferase (EC 2.4.1.99); DP, degree of polymerization; FW, fresh weight; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatograph; HPAEC-PAD, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography–pulsed amperometric detector.
Solubility behaviour of five varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) seed proteins at different pH

The effect of varying pH ranging from 0.5 to 10.0 on the solubility of seed proteins of five varieties of Cicer arietinum namely JGG-1, JG-218, JG-322, SAKI-93130 and JG-11 were studied. Protein content varied from 19.68 to 22.75%. Maximum solubility of protein was achieved at pH 3.0 and below 3.0.
Panoramic Radiographic Study on Location of Mental Foramen in Patients of Orthodontic Treatment

Background: Information on the location of the mental foramen is the need for various purposes in dental treatment. Variations in its position can be a cause of complications during local anesthesia or surgical procedures. The usual position of the mental foramen in the Vijayapur population has not been previously reported. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the most common location of the mental foramen in Vijayapur population. Materials and Methods: 291 panoramic radiographs were evaluated with regard to only the position of mental foramen foramina in male and female subjects. Results: We found that the position of mental foramen was most common is in line with second premolar (54.2%) and second common in between the first and second premolar (37.5%). Conclusions: Based on this study it appears that the most common position of mental foramen is either between the two premolars or in line with the second premolar. This is in concordance with previous studies. Keywords: Mandible; mental foramen; mental nerve; panoramic; radiography.