Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A prediction method for flow in axial compressors

A prncedure ;s presented for predicting the flow through axial compressors. The matrix ,h,oiJghf . ow equ. ,tio:1 i, transformed to yield an expression of radius dependent on stream fll. ,c, on a11d axial po,1t1{1;i. The soiution of the resultant equation combines the advantages ot folh wing streamline! , :hr, ugh the calcula! Jon domain (as in the streamline curvature method, SCM) with the stability of the matrix throughflow method (MTFM), and is correspondingly called the streamline through flow method (STFM). The predictions of the method were compared to analytical results for a number of inviscid test cases and gave goo<l result,. As with the SCM and MTFM. using STFM to predict turbomachmery flows requires empirical model-. for cascade loss and llefl•·. :tion as well as endwall loss. The off-design loss and deflection model of Howell >was used as the basi. , fc: J new off-design correlation, H2. valid for axial velocity density ratios (AVDR) of unity. The H2 rnrrelation was developed from the NACA 65-Senes database as carpet-plotted by Felix. A simple subcrillcal Reynolds number correlation for loss and detlecti,m was adapted from a method of Roberts, using inlet blade chord Reynolds number, camber angle, pitch-chord ratio, maximu,n b! adc thickness-chord ratio and • :~oul. nce factor a,; parac 1eter! i. T! ic H2 co:-relu:;r,n 10ge1t,•: r with the adapted Roberts correlation . , ·e good predictions of loss and defl,·c11vri lnr low-Reynolds number cascade flows at AVOR values ol unity. Mea-,urem~1.1• \v• , • taker. at the compressor inlet and behind ea~h bl . jc ro\·. ' ;Jf a low speed, three stage . ixinl il0,1. · •0r-•pr,'ssor at three flowrates: near-design, near-surge and near-choke. Tl:e predictions ot S1 r M using Howcl! 's endwaJI loss models, the modified low Reynolds numher correlation an<l , • ,1JCl.lively Howell's original off design method and H2 were comp.:rcc1 wirh the exp. :rimcnta' ,. ',ults. Ho"·ell's method predicted pressure nse to within 3% at di dgn aurl I 0% at 0ff-dc<;1g1• , :-;-1pared tu " % at d1. :sign and 9% at off-design for the h2 md:od. The predic.tic,n ot flow angl. :! ~ for 112 were considerably worse than that of Hl'Well. rhi'> was deemed :o be caus d by ; ' 1DR effects. An interim A VDR correlacion, dependent on stagger angle, was used together with H2. Chcosing valuc.s of A VDR for the interim correlation which together with H2 would predict flow angles to match the experimental values, predictions of total pressure rise within 3% at design and 8CJf at off-design were achieved. As a measure of confidence can be placed in H2 and the modified low Reynolds number correlation, rhe endwaJI loss correlation of Howell w~s determined to be the cause of lack of further gains m accuracy. iii . 1, ◄ Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za
GOING GLOBAL? CITY-BASED STATUS, MIMICRY, AND EXPANSION PATH IDIOSYNCRASY IN THE DIFFUSION OF A GLOBAL IDENTITY AMONG U.S. LAW FIRMS, 1980-2011

This paper investigates the determinants and contingencies of corporate law firm? s adoption of a global form. I find that the likelihood of a U.S. law firm to open a foreign branch office increased with its affiliated cities? level of status up to a point and then decreased during the period of 1980-2011. To further assess whether some of the rush to go global is generated by contagion-driven competitive mimicry, I also examined the influence of structurally equivalent firms ? firms that are similar in overall geographic configurations. I find that a firm? decision to open a foreign branch office is indeed susceptible to recent similar actions by its structurally equivalent peers but it is firms with less-prestigious location profiles that are most susceptible to such social influence. Additional results show that firms having historically pioneered their own unique expansion path were less affected by recent foreign branch openings of their peers. Together, this chapter illustrates how forces such as location-based status, competitive mimicry, and history interact in the complicated fashion in the diffusion of a global form in the legal industry.
Editor's instruction : The challenges and opportunities of Human Technology

Technology is for human use. It is designed to satisfy some human needs and to aid people in reaching their goals. Technology, therefore, is a part of human activities and, for this reason alone, it should always be considered within the context of human life, the human experience. This basic credo forms the foundation for the concept of human technology. Instead of seeing technology as a construction following the laws of nature, the challenge of human technology is to explore and understand how humanist and social research can contribute to the conceptualization and implementation of technology. Early in the 20th century, technical constructions were relatively simple from the human point of view. The use of those technologies normally did not require much skill or practice. Of course there were exceptions. Nevertheless, the development of technology gradually made interaction with hardware of all kinds and, more recently, software more complicated. For example, airplanes are more difficult to use than horse carriages or cars. Industrial environments also became increasingly more complex and therefore it has become imperative today to pay more attention to the human role in the interaction. Concepts such as ergonomy, usability, human-computer interaction, and other human factors have become part of technological thinking (Nielsen, 1993; Rasmussen, 1986; Wickens & Holands, 2000). Nevertheless, the relatively recent emergence of new information and communication technologies has made the understanding of the human mind in technology even more focal. Today, people buy and use technologies that are increasingly more complicated than anything before. Complex information technologies are commonly used by ordinary consumers. Personal computers and mobile devices offer an increasing number of possibilities. New types of services are offered daily and new types of computational devices are continually being developed. All of this, and more, underscores the essential need to study the human perspective as a fundamental part of technical thinking today and in future (see Carroll, 2004; Norman, 1993, 2004; Shneiderman, 1998).
Deep Learning-Based Methods for Sentiment Analysis on Nepali COVID-19-Related Tweets

COVID-19 has claimed several human lives to this date. People are dying not only because of physical infection of the virus but also because of mental illness, which is linked to people's sentiments and psychologies. People's written texts/posts scattered on the web could help understand their psychology and the state they are in during this pandemic. In this paper, we analyze people's sentiment based on the classification of tweets collected from the social media platform, Twitter, in Nepal. For this, we, first, propose to use three different feature extraction methods—fastText-based (ft), domain-specific (ds), and domain-agnostic (da)—for the representation of tweets. Among these three methods, two methods (“ds” and “da”) are the novel methods used in this study. Second, we propose three different convolution neural networks (CNNs) to implement the proposed features. Last, we ensemble such three CNNs models using ensemble CNN, which works in an end-to-end manner, to achieve the end results. For the evaluation of the proposed feature extraction methods and CNN models, we prepare a Nepali Twitter sentiment dataset, called NepCOV19Tweets, with 3 classes (positive, neutral, and negative). The experimental results on such dataset show that our proposed feature extraction methods possess the discriminating characteristics for the sentiment classification. Moreover, the proposed CNN models impart robust and stable performance on the proposed features. Also, our dataset can be used as a benchmark to study the COVID-19-related sentiment analysis in the Nepali language.
Design Guidelines for Increasing the Lateral Resistance of Highway-Bridge Pile Foundations by Improving Weak Soils

This report presents design guidance for strengthening of soils to resist lateral forces on bridge pile foundations. Lateral loads may be produced by wave action, wind, seismic events, ship impact, or traffic. Strengthening of soil surrounding the upper portions of piles and pile groups—for example by compaction, replacement of native soil with granular material, or mixing of cement with soil—may be more cost-effective than driving additional piles and extending pile caps as ways to increase the bridge foundation's capacity to resist lateral forces associated with these loads. This report presents computational methods for assessing soil-strengthening options using finite-element analysis of single piles and pile groups and a simplified approach employing commercially available software. The analysis methodology and design guidelines will be helpful to designers responsible for bridge foundations likely to be exposed to significant lateral loads.
Household food insecurity, income loss, and symptoms of psychological distress among adults following the Cyclone Amphan in coastal Bangladesh

Introduction Cyclone Amphan swept into Bangladesh’s southwestern coast at the end of May 2020, wreaking havoc on food security and economic stability, as well as possibly worsening mental health. We studied the prevalence of post-cyclone stressors in adults following the cyclone and its association with symptoms of psychological distress. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in a coastal district of Bangladesh. A five-item brief symptom rating scale was used to measure the symptoms of psychological distress. Household food insecurity was measured using the USAID Household Food Insecurity Access Scale questionnaire. We estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) using robust log-linear models adjusted for potential confounders. Results A total of 478 adults (mean [SD] age, 37.0[12.6] years; 169[35.4%] women) participated in the study. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe psychological symptoms and suicidal ideation was 55.7% and 10.9%, respectively. Following the cyclone, 40.8% of the adults reported severe food insecurity, and 66% of them reported moderate-to-severe mental health symptoms. Also, 54.4% of women and 33.7% of men reported severe food insecurity in the households. Moreover, 25.5% of respondents reported no income or a significant income loss after the cyclone, and 65.5% of them had moderate-to-severe psychological symptoms. Also, 13.8% of respondents reported housing displacement because of severely damaged houses, and 68.2% of them reported moderate-to-severe psychological symptoms. The high prevalence of mental health symptoms was found in women (aPR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.06–1.82), people with severe food insecurity (aPR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.01–2.64), and people who lost jobs or lost a major income source (aPR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.02–1.54). Conclusion Following cyclone Amphan, many low-income individuals saw their income drop drastically while others were unemployed and living with severe food insecurity. The result suggests gender inequalities in food-security after the cyclone. Immediate action is needed to ensure household food-security for reducing the burden of mental illness. Rising opportunities of paid-jobs and decreasing income-loss, especially for the poor people, can have a protective impact on psychological distress. However, due to the high prevalence of severe psychological symptoms, long-term mental health services are required among the population of coastal Bangladesh.
Cerebral blood flow is associated with matrix metalloproteinase levels during the early symptomatic phase of concussion

Concussion is associated with disrupted cerebral blood flow (CBF), although there appears to be substantial inter-individual variability in CBF response. At present, the mechanisms of variable CBF response remain incompletely understood, but one potential contributor is matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. In more severe forms of acquired brain injury, MMP up-regulation contributes to CBF impairments via increased blood-brain barrier permeability. A similar relationship is hypothesized for concussion, where recently concussed individuals with higher MMP levels have lower CBF. To test this hypothesis, 35 concussed athletes were assessed longitudinally at early symptomatic injury (median: 5 days post-injury) and at medical clearance (median: 24 days post-injury), along with 71 athletic controls. For all athletes, plasma MMPs were measured and arterial spin labelling was used to measure CBF. Consistent with our hypothesis, higher concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-3 were correlated with lower global CBF. The correlations between MMPs and global CBF were also significantly diminished for concussed athletes at medical clearance and for athletic controls. These results indicate an inverse relationship between plasma MMP levels and CBF that is specific to the symptomatic phase of concussion. Analyses of regional CBF further showed that correlations with MMP levels exhibited some spatial specificity, with greatest effects in occipital, parietal and temporal lobes. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of post-concussion cerebrovascular dysfunction.
Development and Validation of the Career Adaptability Scale for Undergraduates in Korea

This study explores factors of career adaptability and develops a measurement scale for undergraduates in Korea. The scale measuring the undergraduates’ career adaptability consists of nine factors across three areas, as follows: knowledge and recognition for the self and work environment (self-understanding to establish identity, search for work environment, positive career beliefs), self-directed coping related to career behavior (coping with career-choice crisis, career preparation behavior, ability to coordinate career goals), environmental interactions for career decision and adaptation (ability to cope with environmental stress, social responsibility, ability to utilize social resources). First, an item analysis using the Rasch model was conducted, and measurement values of the items were compared. Second, an exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, applying the structural equation model, were performed. Third, Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to establish the reliability of the scale. The Rasch model fit analysis, to measure validity, revealed that 44 items were valid. The aforementioned model, consisting of nine factors across three areas, was shown to be suitable by the confirmatory factor analysis. The results of this study help in the development of career education programs by clarifying factors of career adaptability and providing information about differences based on the factors.
THE INFLUENCE ON SLEEP OF NOISE AND VIBRATIONS CAUSED BY ROAD TRAFFIC

The influence of road traffic noise on the sleep of adults and 6-11 year old children was studied with electrophysiological methods. In addition, the effects of vibrations caused by heavy traffic were studied on a group of adults. A method was developed for automatic scoring of sleep stages, using a small, general purpose micro computer. Young adults, unaccustomed to traffic noise, were disturbed by continuous and intermittent traffic noise at 45 db(a). No sleep disturbances were found for continuous traffic noise at 36 db(a). Passing cars with a peak noise level of 55 db(a) caused awakenings. The equivalent sound pressure level (leq) did not correlate to sleep disturbance effects. A better description of noise was found in the number of vehicles per night, that made most noise. Children were about 10 db(a) less sensitive than adults with respect to awakening reactions, and even less sensitive with respect to disturbances of rem sleep and deep sleep. Total habituation to road traffic noise had not occurred even after at least one year of exposure. Sound reduction in the bedroom induced increased amounts of sleep for the adults and reduced falling-asleep time for the children. Road traffic noise during the first hours of a night's sleep tended to disturb sleep more than when it occurred later during the night, the main effects being a reduction of the amount of rem sleep during the night and an increased duration of intermittent wakefulness during the hours of exposure. Road traffic noise-induced vibration levels near the iso 2631 recommendation (comfort criteria) disturbed sleep, reducing the amount of rem sleep. When noise was accompanied by vibrations, the frequency of arousal reactions was higher than for noise alone. (TRRL)
Elastic O-RAN Slicing for Industrial Monitoring and Control: A Distributed Matching Game and Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

In this work, we design an elastic open radio access network (O-RAN) slicing for the Industrial Internet of things (IIoT). Due to the rapid spread of IoT in the industrial use-cases such as safety and mobile robot communications, the IIoT landscape has been shifted from static manufacturing processes towards dynamic manufacturing workflows (e.g., Modular Production System). But unlike IoT, IIoT poses additional challenges such as severe communication environment, network-slice resource demand variations, and on-time information update from the IIoT devices during industrial production. First, we formulate the O-RAN slicing problem for on-time industrial monitoring and control where the objective is to minimize the cost of fresh information updates (i.e., age of information (AoI)) from the IIoT devices (i.e., sensors) with the device energy consumption and O-RAN slice isolation constraints. Second, we propose the intelligent O-RAN framework based on game theory and machine learning to mitigate the problem’s complexity. We propose a two-sided distributed matching game in the O-RAN control layer that captures the IIoT channel characteristics and the IIoT service priorities to create IIoT device and small cell base station (SBS) preference lists. We then employ an actor-critic model with a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) in the O-RAN service management layer to solve the resource allocation problem for optimizing the network slice configuration policy under time-varying slicing demand. Furthermore, the proposed matching game within the actor-critic model training helps to enforce the long-term policy-based guidance for resource allocation that reflects the trends of all IIoT devices and SBSs satisfactions with the assignment. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed solution enhances the performance gain for the IIoT services by serving an average of 50% and 43.64% more IIoT devices than the baseline approaches.
Analysis and Design of Pile Foundations

Piles are one of the oldest type of foundation system known to man and as such have been previously studied in depth based on available modeling and monitoring techniques. An increased understanding of pile behavior coupled with the desire to develop cost effective foundation systems have resulted in a need to increase foundation efficiency. The increased knowledge of pile behavior has been spurred by the development of improved analytical techniques, technological advances in monitoring instrumentation, a better understanding of installation effects and the distinction between group and single pile behavior. The papers presented generally address axial and lateral capacity modeling, group effects and the effects of the installation process on pile behavior. In addition to the articles on piles, there are five reviewer comments discussing a proposed standard on drilled shafts. The reviewers comments on the proposed drilled shaft standard are related to work that has been underway for some time in developing a standard for the design and construction of those deep foundations.
Study of Critical Success Factors in Adopting Knowledge Management Systems for the Libyan Public Oil Sector

ABSTRACTThe University of ManchesterSoleman SalehManchester Business School PhD in InformaticsIn the modern era, the developments in information technology have been dramatically shaping the ways people live as well as the ways in which organisations handle business in their professional domains. Implementing various kinds of information system, such as Enterprises Resource Planning (ERP) systems, Decision Support Systems (DSS) and Knowledge Management Systems (KMS), has been recognised as one of the necessary tasks organisations have to perform in order to survive (Alavi 2001). Despite the tremendous effort companies worldwide have devoted to the implementation of knowledge management systems, organisations in Libya are still suffering from the failure of Knowledge Management (KM) implementation. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive investigation of factors that can help organisations to understand the context of KMS implementation. With accurate assessments, this can in turn help them to develop effective strategies or policies to maximise the probability of success in implementing KMS. Therefore, this research will address the development of a KM adoption framework to fill this gap and develop a model that serves as an instrument in adopting KMS in general and the Libyan oil sector in particular.
DO COLLISION FACTORS PREDICT LEGAL OUTCOMES FOR INJURED DRINKING DRIVERS

This article examines the characteristics of collisions involving injured drinking drivers, to determine how these factors predict the type of charges laid against a driver. The most likely outcome for both injured and non-injured drivers is a non-criminal charge. Injury severity and remoteness of location inhibit charges being laid against drinking drivers. However, likelihood of a Criminal Code charge is not well differentiated by collision characteristics. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference, see ITRD Abstract No. E201067.
Integration of aquaculture within irrigation systems : a poverty-focused approach

The potential for aquaculture to be integrated within a large-scale irrigation system taking a poverty-focused approach was investigated in the Mahaweli System H irrigation system of North Western Province, Sri Lanka. Using a livelihoods approach an initial situation appraisal identified the potential for aquaculture to be integrated within existing livelihoods activities. The appraisal revealed that decreasing returns from farming and fishing seasonality were major sources of household vulnerability. Using fish caught from the tank fishery, small-scale cagebased fattening of tilapia was developed with participants in an attempt to mitigate seasonal vulnerability caused by fishing seasonality. Participatory technology development was conducted with members of two communities within Mahaweli System H. Upon identifying resources and formulating a research agenda with participants, pilot trials were conducted by fisherfarmers in USG village and by a group of female cage operators in RAJ village. The study identified several constraints to sustainability of the culture system such as variable and low availability of small tilapia with which to stock cages, poor feed quality and latterly, competition for feed inputs. Despite their initial enthusiasm, women were particularly disadvantaged in this process as they were unable to catch their own fish with which to stock their cages and became dependent on men to assist them. The study showed that the cage-based fattening system was able to help meet emergency household expenses, although it was not efficient enough nor practiced on a large enough scale to contribute greatly to household security. In this manner, holding and fattening smaller tilapia is comparable with livestock holdings. Further development of cage design and feed administration improvements are needed to reduce production costs and improve the economic viability of the system.