Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of composite leaf spring

Automobile manufacture industries has shown interested in the replacement of conventional leaf spring with composite leaf spring. It has high strength, impact strength and bear high load. This paper describes the design and analysis of composite leaf spring . The objective is to compare the deflection, equivalent elastic strain and equivalent stress of carbon epoxy carbon fiber, E glass epoxy over conventional leaf spring. Deflection is one of the important properties of the leaf spring. It should absorb shock loads and vertical vibrations due to road abnormalities. the potential energy is stored as strain energy and then slowly released in leaf spring. The leaf springs was modeled in Auto-CAD 2012 and analysis was done using ANSYS 9.0. By comparisons we found that E glass epoxy leaf spring has high deformation.
PTPσ promotes retinal neurite outgrowth non‐cell‐autonomously

The receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP) PTPσ controls the growth and targeting of retinal axons, both in culture and in ovo. Although the principal actions of PTPσ have been thought to be cell-autonomous, the possibility that RPTPs related to PTPσ also have non-cell-autonomous signaling functions during axon development has also been supported genetically. Here we report that a cell culture substrate made from purified PTPσ ectodomains supports retinal neurite outgrowth in cell culture. We show that a receptor for PTPσ must exist on retinal axons and that binding of PTPσ to this receptor does not require the known, heparin binding properties of PTPσ. The neurite-promoting potential of PTPσ ectodomains requires a basic amino acid domain, previously demonstrated in vitro as being necessary for ligand binding by PTPσ. Furthermore, we demonstrate that heparin and oligosaccharide derivatives as short as 8mers, can specifically block neurite outgrowth on the PTPσ substrate, by competing for binding to this same domain. This is the first direct evidence of a non-cell-autonomous, neurite-promoting function of PTPσ and of a potential role for heparin-related oligosaccharides in modulating neurite promotion by an RPTP. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
The gut microbiome, which is symbiotic within the human body, assists in human digestion. It plays significant roles in identifying intestinal disease as well as in maintaining a healthy body with functional immune and metabolic activi-

body, assists in human digestion. It plays significant roles in identifying intestinal disease as well as in maintaining a healthy body with functional immune and metabolic activities. To confirm the consistency of fecal intestinal microbial research, it is necessary to study the changes in intestinal microbial flora according to the fecal collection solution and storage period. We collected fecal samples from three healthy Korean adults. To examine the efficacy of fecal collection solution, we used NBgene-Gut, OMNIgene-Gut, 70% ethanol (Ethanol-70%), and RNAlater. The samples were stored for up to two months at room temperature using three different methods, and we observed changes in microbial communities over time. We analyzed clusters of changes in the microbial flora by observing fecal stock solutions and metagenome sequencing performed over time. In particular, we confirmed the profiling of alpha and beta diversity and microbial classification according to the differences in intestinal environment among individuals. We also confirmed that the microbial profile remained stable for two months and that the microbial profile did not change significantly over time. In addition, our results suggest the possibility of verifying microbial profiling even for long-term storage of a single sample. In conclusion, collecting fecal samples using a stock solution rather than freezing feces seems to be relatively reproducible and stable for GUT metagenome analysis. Therefore, stock solution tubes in intestinal microbial research can be used without problems.
Student Leadership and Management of Discipline in Selected Secondary Schools in Mbarara Municipality, Western Uganda

DOI: 10.21276/sjahss.2018. 6.11. 11 Abstract: The study was to assess the role of student leadership in management of discipline in selected secondary schools in Mbarara Municipality. The study was guided by the following objectives, to establish the nature of discipline common among students in secondary schools, the causes of indiscipline among students in secondary schools and to ascertain the extent to which student leadership correlates to management of discipline. This study adopted mixed research methods to answer the research questions; the study population involved the Student leaders and teachers in secondary schools in Mbarara Municipality. The study used simple, stratified and purposive sampling strategies to select potential respondents for the study. The study utilized both qualitative and quantitative paradigms. Data was collected using survey questionnaires and interviews. In the study, results yielded both qualitative and quantitative data. The study findings revealed new findings about the nature of students in schools from the field as they were mentioned by teachers and student leaders and these included dodging lessons, disrupting other students who are anxious to work/study, disrespect of teachers, cheating exams, Strikes, possession of illegal gargets like mobile phones and stealing students and school property. The study also came up with new causes of indiscipline cases and these included bias on some teachers, lack of guidance and counseling, loss of hope in academic achievement, poor family back ground, poor school administration, alcoholism and drug abuse and peer pressure. The researcher recommended that the school administration should award disciplined students on weekly, termly and at the end of the year in order to motivate other students, Both teachers and student leaders should make roll calls, the school should make games and sports compulsory, Indiscipline students should also be expelled and suspended, Guidance and counseling programmes should be established in schools, the school premises should be properly fenced and the school administration should make it compulsory for students to put on school uniform
Nonparametric predictive inference for three-group ROC analysis

Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic tests is crucial in many application areas including medicine, health care and credit scoring. Good methods for determining diagnostic accuracy in medicine provide useful guidance on selection of patient treatment according to the severity of their health status. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) surface is a useful tool to assess the ability of a diagnostic test to discriminate among three ordered classes or groups. In this paper, nonparametric predictive inference (NPI) for three-group ROC analysis for continuous data is presented. NPI is a frequentist statistical method that is explicitly aimed at using few modelling assumptions in addition to data, enabled through the use of lower and upper probabilities to quantify uncertainty. Furthermore, it focuses exclusively on future observations, which provides an alternative perspective to the usual approaches which typically aim at estimation of characteristics of assumed underlying populations. This focus on prediction may be particularly relevant if one considers decisions about a diagnostic test that must be applied to a future patient. This paper presents the NPI approach to three-group ROC analysis, including results on the volumes under the ROC surfaces and consideration of the choice of decision thresholds for the diagnosis.
University of Birmingham Faecal calprotectin to detect inflammatory bowel disease

Objective Test accuracy of faecal calprotectin (FC) testing in primary care is inconclusive. We aimed to assess the test accuracy of FC testing in primary care and compare it to secondary care estimates for the detection of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis of test accuracy using a bivariate random effects model. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science until 31 May 2017 and included studies from auto alerts up until 31 January 2018. Eligible studies measured FC levels in stool samples to detect IBD in adult patients with chronic (at least 6–8 weeks) abdominal symptoms in primary or secondary care. Risk of bias and applicability were assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 criteria. We followed the protocol registered as PROSPERO CRD 42012003287. results 38 out of 2168 studies were eligible including five from primary care. Comparison of test accuracy by setting was precluded by extensive heterogeneity. Overall, summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity were not recorded. At a threshold of 50 µg/g, sensitivity from separate meta-analysis of four assay types ranged from 0.85 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.92) to 0.94 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.90) and specificity from 0.67 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.76) to 0.88 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.94). Across three different definitions of disease, sensitivity ranged from 0.80 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.84) to 0.97 (95% CI 0.91 to 0.99) and specificity from 0.67 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.75) to 0.76 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.84). Sensitivity appears to be lower in primary care and is further reduced at a revised threshold of 100 µg/g. Conclusions Conclusive estimates of sensitivity and specificity of FC testing in primary care for the detection of IBD are still missing. There is insufficient evidence in the published literature to support the decision to introduce FC testing in primary care. Studies evaluating FC testing in an appropriate primary care setting are needed.
The Level of Anxiety and Depression Among Iranian Infertile Couples Undergo- ing In Vitro Fertilization or Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles

Background: Approximately 10% of Iranian couples wishing to have a child experience some types of infertility which may impose a considerable psychological burden on them. The main objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the level of anxiety and depression among infertile couples undergoing IVF or ICSI treatment cycles in Iran. Methods: Fifty infertile couples that who undergoing IVF (n=25) or ICSI (n=25) cycles were considered for this descriptive cross-sectional study. Also, 25 married couples (18-40 years old) with history of fertility served as control subjects. All husbands and wives were examined by means of Beck Depression and Spielberger Anxiety Inventories. Results: Comparing with controls, the highest rates of moderate and severe anxiety, were observed in women undergoing IVF (76% and 12%, respectively; P<0.05). However, the rate of depression among women in IVF group was comparable to women undergoing ICSI. Also, the highest rates of severe depression and anxiety were demonstrated among housewives (23.9% and 11%, respectively). The lowest rates of severe anxiety and depression were observed in husbands participated in either IVF or ICSI cycles. In addition, illiterates, compared with educated couples, undergoing IVF or ICSI program were shown to have the highest rates of both depression and anxiety. Conclusion: The results showed that the levels of anxiety and depression were higher in women, especially housewives, undergoing IVF or ICSI cycles than control subjects. Also, men showed lower rates of anxiety and depression than women undergoing IVF or ICSI. Therefore, this can provide useful information and guidance for health professionals working with infertile patients.
In vitro Plant Regeneration from Different Leaf Segments of Verbesina encelioides and Correlation with Endogenous Level of IAA

Variable leaf segments of Verbesina encelioides exhibited different responses when cultured on MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP. With the addition of IAA/NAA to the basal medium completely inhibited the formation and growth of callus. Endogenous content of IAA in the different segments of the leaf when assayed revealed that middle segment had highest level of IAA and apical and basal segments contained lowest contents. A specific correlation existed between the segment and callus formation. Key words : Plant regeneration, leaf segments, Verbesina encelioides D.O. I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i2. 6914 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20 (2): 195-201, 2010 (December)
An economical wireless cavity‐nest viewer

Inspection of cavity nests and nest boxes is often required during studies of cavity-nesting birds, and fiberscopes and pole-mounted video cameras are sometimes used for such inspection. However, the cost of these systems may be prohibitive for some potential users. We describe a user-built, wireless cavity viewer that can be used to access cavities as high as 15 m and with entrance diameters as small as 2.5 cm. System components include a wireless camera, boom with near-infrared lighting system, hand-held television, and telescoping pole. The unit can be assembled in about one day with commonly available tools, and the total cost was about $850 (US). Our cavity-viewing system was used to monitor the nests of Western Bluebirds (Sialia mexicana) and proved to be reliable and effective. During two field seasons, we attempted to check the status of nests 928 times and were able to determine the nesting stage 901 times (97%). For those willing to assemble their own units, our cavity viewer permits safe, direct examination of cavity nests or open nests for investigators with limited budgets. SINOPSIS. Aparato inhalambrico de bajo costo para observar nidos en cavidades Para examinar nidos en cavidades y cajas de anidamiento, muchas veces es necesario usar instrumentos de fibra ´ optica y cde videos montadas en postes. Sin embargo, el costo de estos sistemas pudiera ser muy elevado para algunos investigadores potenciales. Describimos un aparato inhalque puede ser utilizado para examinar cavidades de hasta 15 m de altura y de 2.5 cm de dien su entrada. Entre los componentes del sistema encontramos una cinhalun sistema de iluminaci´ on infrarojo, un monitor de televisi´ on manual y un poste telescEl sistema puede ser montado en un dia (si hay las herramientas necesarias) y su costo es de $850 dolares. Nuestro sistema fue utilizado para monitorear nidos de Sialia mexicana yp rov´ o ser confiable y efectivo. Durante dos temporadas de campo intentamos determinar el estatus de nidos en 928 ocasiones y pudimos determiner la etapa en que se encontraban en 901 (97%) de estas. Para aquellos que est´ en en la disposicide ensamblar sus propias unidades de monitoreo, nuestro equipo es adecuado y se presta para estudios con presupuesto limitado y le permite al investigador hacer observaciones directas con seguridad.
Etude odontologique des représentants actuels du groupe Tadarida (Chiroptera, Molossidae). Implications phylogéniques, systématiques et zoogéographiques

L'etude de la morphologie dentaire des representants actuels des chauves souris du groupe Tadarida amene a le decouper en 4 genres: Rhizomops n. gen., Nyctinomops, Tadarida (incluant les sous-genres Chaerephon et Mops) et Mormopterus (incluant les sous-genres Platymops, Sauromys et Micronomus)
On relations between the classical and the Kazhdan–Lusztig representations of symmetric groups and associated Hecke algebras

LetH be the Hecke algebra of a Coxeter system (W, S), whereW is a Weyl group of typeAn, over the ring of scalarsA=Z[q1/2, q−1/2], whereq is an indeterminate. We show that the Specht module S , as defined by Dipper and James [Proc. London Math. Soc. 52(3) (1986) 20–52], is naturally isomorphic overA to the cell module of Kazhdan and Lusztig [Invent. Math. 53 (1979) 165–184] associated with the cell containing the longest element of a parabolic subgroup WJ for appropriate J ⊆ S. We give the association between J and explicitly. We introduce notions of the T-basis and C-basis of the Specht module and show that these bases are related by an invertible triangular matrix overA. We point out the connection with the work of Garsia and McLarnan [Adv. Math. 69 (1988) 32–92] concerning the corresponding representations of the symmetric group. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. The authors thank the University of Cyprus, the University ofWalesAberystwyth and the London Mathematical Society for supporting this research through exchange visits between the University of Cyprus and the University of Wales Aberystwyth. ∗ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: tpd@aber.ac. uk (T.P. McDonough), pallikar@ucy.ac. cy(C.A. Pallikaros). 0022-4049/$ see front matter © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jpaa. 2005.03. 015 134 T.P. McDonough, C.A. Pallikaros / Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 203 (2005) 133–144
Effects of Dry or Ensiled Feeds and Protein Percent on Milk Production and Nitrogen Utilization by Lactating Cow

Abstract In two 2×2 factorial experiments, 28 cows in first and later lactation (Trial 1) and 28 cows in second and later lactation (Trial 2) were fed rations containing either dry (low nitrogen solubility) or ensiled (high nitrogen solubility) feeds with low (14%) or high (16%) concentrations of crude protein. Rations were formulated with hay or hay crop silage and dry shelled corn or high moisture shelled corn in a 50:50 ratio (Trial 1) or 40:60 ratio (Trial 2) of forage to concentrate in the dry matter. Soybean meal was used to alter the protein content. Protein percent had no effect on milk yield or milk composition in either trial, although nitrogen digestibility was greater on high protein diets. Solids-corrected milk yield and milk fat percent were lower when nitrogen solubility of the ration was increased in Trial 2 but not in Trial 1. Analysis of nitrogen balance data indicated higher conversion of nitrogen of feed to nitrogen of milk for low solubility diets in Trial 1 and high solubility diets in Trial 2.
Kin selection does not explain male aggregation at leks of 4 manakin species

In lek-mating systems, males aggregate at display arenas and females visit solely for the purpose of mating. This breeding system is characterized by high variance in male mating success with one male often receiving most copulations. High reproductive skew among males has led to question why males join leks when their chances of reproductive success are so low. Kin selection has been invoked as a mechanism to explain the evolution of lekking behavior, whereby nonreproducing but genetically related males gain indirect inclusive-fitness benefits. Evidence for kin selection among lek-mating birds is, however, mixed. Here, we show that kin selection is unlikely to be an important explanation for evolution of lekking behavior in manakins (Aves: Pipridae). We found that for 4 species chosen from several major clades within Pipridae, males within leks were not significantly more related than expected from random assortment of males in the population. This means that nonreproducing males do not gain indirect inclusive-fitness benefits by joining leks. This result suggests alternative mechanisms must be invoked to explain the evolution of lek-mating systems in manakins. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press.
CEOs and Followers: motives and values in Romanian companies after 13 years of transition

This study is an attempt to enter the “black box” of some interrelations between motivations and values promoted by CEOs and their direct subordinates’ reactions to these motivations and values in Romanian firms, after 13 years of transition from centralized to market economy. The data were collected from 44 CEOs and 277 followers from a sample of 44 entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial firms from different industries. In our knowledge such a study is done for the first time in Romania. The presented findings are only a part of a larger GLOBE-type research on the effects of CEO behavior on the psychological status of their direct subordinates, on a multi national sample. Romanian research context: from survival management to successful leadership? Leadership seems to emerge in Romania from a battlefield of a substantial behavioral change with regard of CEOs motivations and values. In order to better understand this statement, a critical feature of Romanian cultural-historic context has to be underlined. Between 1938 and 1990, Romania experimented different dictatorships. Speaking about other motivations and values than those of the “exclusive leader” in such regimes in nothing but a euphemism. Thus, the real situation of Romanian leadership is much more complex than in other East European countries. This is why, after 13 years from dictatorship removal, in most of Romanian organizations (excepting those having foreign capital), the current practice is that of “survival management” in which, along with new behaviors, those from centralized economy times are “refined” (Catana & Catana, 2002). Still, the very few studies on this topic are optimistic with respect of leadership future in Romania. For instance, a study done by KRW International and Romanian-American Center for Business Excellence in February 2003 reached the following three main conclusions: 1) Leadership is perceived as a reality in Romania; 2) There is a growing interest for leadership development programs, and 3) There is a promising potential for new generations of effective leaders to emerge in Romania (http://www.leadership.ro). Another study done by Hay Group Management Consultant in January 2003, on a sample of large size Romanian and multinational companies operating business in Romania, ended with optimistic findings about leadership development, also. In short, it is about two trends: 1) CEOs transformation from crisis administrators in initiators and leaders of transition; 2) the concern for creating change agents through infusion of values, promotion of teamwork, followers’ motivation and taking social responsibility (Ziarul Financiar 2003).
Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana da planta Tradescantia pallida Munt (Taboquinha Roxa)

The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of the Tradescantia pallida Munt leaves,known as Taboquinha roxa. The tests were both conducted on solid mean, where it was not observed any zone of inhibition, and by the micro dilution method, in which the results of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were significant and related with the different concentrations. Standard strains of bacteria type Gram positive and Gram negative were employed. According to the results, this plant has an antimicrobial potential.
Complete diets given ad libitum to dairy cows—the effect of the level of inclusion of milled straw

SUMMARY Complete diets were given ad libitum to dairy cows over a whole lactation in order to study the voluntary intake of food, lactation performance and efficiency of feed conversion. The effect of including four levels 16, 24, 32 and 40 % of coarsely milled barley straw in the loose mix was studied for diets based mainly on barley or on sugar beet pulp, using a double 4 × 4 Latin square design. The results confirmed that cows can perform normally when given complete diets for extended periods. Dry matter and digestible energy intake was depressed at the higher levels of straw inclusion and milk butterfat content at the lowest level. The net efficiency of conversion of metabolizable energy (M.E.) into milk was higher at the higher levels of straw. It is concluded that complete diets for the self-feeding of dairy cows should contain a minimum of about 24 % of coarsely milled straw and that estimated metabolizable energy intake and production were depressed by including straw at higher levels.