Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microflora of fresh and smoke-dried fish in Yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria

The microbial load of fresh and smoke-dried fish marketed in Yenagoa metropolis was evaluated. The samples were three fish types: Clarias angularis, Channa obscura and Chrysicthtys auratus from Tombia and Swali markets were analysed. The bacterial counts for fresh fish samples ranged from 4.0 x 10 8 2.30 x 10 10 cfu/g while fungal counts ranged from 1.8 x 10 4 7.0 x 10 4 cfu/g. Bacterial and fungal counts for smoked fish were lower, ranging from 1.8 x 10 4 2.5 x 10 8 cfu/g and 1.0 x 10 4 4.0 x 10 5 cfu/g respectively. Twelve (12) bacterial isolates were obtained from fresh fish samples and 13 isolates from smoked fish. The isolated bacteria belonged to the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus and Klebsiella. Bacillus was the most predominant with a frequency of occurrence of 50and 58.8% for fresh fish and smoked fish respectively. The fungi isolates belonged to Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Penicillium, Saccharomyces and Fusarium species. The most predominant fungi were Aspergillus spp and Penicillium spp which constituted 23.0 and 15.4% for fresh fish and smoked fish respectively.
Thermal Balance in Male Water Buffaloes Transported by Long and Short Journeys

Simple Summary Livestock transport is a stressor with potential physiological, psychological, and financial consequences that can alter animal welfare, particularly in water buffalo, a species that has certain anatomical characteristics that make them susceptible to heat stress. Stress-induced hyperthermia is frequently observed in mobilized livestock, making it a parameter that could help to evaluate this event. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a tool that non-invasively assesses the thermal state of animals. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the surface temperature of water buffaloes monitored from the pasture to post-transport on short (SJs) and long journeys (LJs). When considering both groups, the highest temperatures were observed in the frontal-parietal region, while the lowest temperatures were registered in the nostrils. Moreover, a strong correlation was observed in all thermal windows. It is concluded that IRT can be used to accurately assess the thermal changes in buffaloes during transport. Abstract Transport is a stressor that can cause physiological and metabolic imbalances in livestock, resulting in stress-induced hyperthermia. In water buffaloes, studies regarding the thermal state of animals during mobilization are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the thermal response of 1516 water buffaloes using infrared thermography (IRT) during 15 short trips (783 animals, 60,291 records, average duration = 50.33 min ± 5.48 min) and 14 long trips (733 animals, 56,441 records, average duration = 13.31 h ± 47.32 min). The surface temperature was assessed in 11 regions (periocular, lacrimal caruncle, nasal, lower eyelid, auricular, frontal-parietal, pelvic limb, torso, abdominal, lumbar, and thoracic) during seven phases from pasture to post-transport. It was found that the surface temperature of the periocular, lacrimal caruncle, nasal, auricular, frontal-parietal, pelvic limb, torso, abdominal, lumbar, and thoracic regions was significantly higher during SJs (+3 °C) when compared to LJs (p < 0.0001). In particular, the frontal-parietal region had a significant increase of 10 °C during the post-transport phase (p < 0.0001) in both groups, recording the highest temperatures during this phase. Likewise, a strong positive significant correlation between the different regions was found (r = 0.90, p < 0.0001). It is worth mentioning that the herding, loading, pre-, and post-transport phases were the ones where the greatest thermal response was recorded, possibly due to the influence of human interaction. Finally, a strong positive correlation (r above 0.9, p > 0.001) between the periocular, lacrimal caruncle, pinna, and pelvic limb was found. According to the results, SJ could be considered a stressful event that hinders thermal generation, contrarily to LJ.
Surgical outcomes of bilateral lateral rectus recession versus unilateral recession and resection for the divergence excess type of intermittent exotropia

Purpose: To compare bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) with unilateral recession and resection (RR) for divergence excess intermittent exotropia (IXT). Methods: Retrospective analysis of 66 patients with divergence excess IXT who underwent either BLR or RR from January 2013 to December 2020 was conducted. Data on demographics, pre- and postoperative deviations, fusion, stereopsis, control, and accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio were collected. Success was defined as esodeviation ≤5 PD (prism diopter) to exodeviation ≤10 PD with a follow-up time of at least 8.0 ± 2.0 weeks. Results: BLR (42 cases) and RR (24 cases) groups had the same success rate (83.3%, P = 0.688) and similar reduced postoperative deviations both in distance and at near (P > 0.05). Near-distance disparity decreased significantly in both groups (P = 0.000) with no intergroup difference (P = 0.193). Conclusion: BLR and RR were equally effective for divergence excess IXT with comparable outcomes of both distance and near deviations.
Posterior to the ridge laser in zone 2 stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity with plus disease: Efficacy and safety

Purpose: This study aimed to ascertain the efficacy and safety of an additional posterior to the ridge laser for treatable zone 2 stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of infants undergoing laser treatment for ROP at a single center from March 2014 to March 2022. The chart review specifically searched for infants treated for zone 2 stage 3 ROP with plus disease, where additional posterior to the ridge laser was performed. Results: Seventy-eight eyes of 45 infants met the inclusion criterion. The mean birth weight and gestational age were 1166.09 ± 329.66 gm and 29 ± 2 weeks, respectively. Group 1 comprised 52 eyes treated for high-risk prethreshold stage 3 ROP, while group 2 comprised 26 eyes treated for threshold ROP. 532-nm frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (Nidek, Japan) was used in all eyes. Apart from the standard laser to the avascular retina, an additional three rows of laser were applied posterior to the ridge in all eyes during the primary laser sitting (except in two eyes where it was performed as a rescue treatment 2 weeks after the first sitting). No complications were observed during or immediately after the laser procedure. A favorable outcome was achieved in 98.07% of eyes with prethreshold ROP and 76.92% of eyes with threshold ROP. Overall, a favorable outcome was achieved in 71 (91.02%) of the 78 eyes. Conclusion: Posterior to the ridge laser performed in the primary sitting along with the standard laser for treatable stage 3 ROP in zone 2 is safe and effective. Further prospective studies are needed to study this underutilized approach.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Thin-Walled Composite Axisymmetric Structures Using Neural Surrogate Models and Genetic Algorithms

Composite shells find diverse applications across industries due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and tailored properties. Optimizing parameters such as matrix-reinforcement ratio and orientation of the reinforcement is crucial for achieving the desired performance metrics. Stochastic optimization, specifically genetic algorithms, offer solutions, yet their computational intensity hinders widespread use. Surrogate models, employing neural networks, emerge as efficient alternatives by approximating objective functions and bypassing costly computations. This study investigates surrogate models in multi-objective optimization of composite shells. It incorporates deep neural networks to approximate relationships between input parameters and key metrics, enabling exploration of design possibilities. Incorporating mode shape identification enhances accuracy, especially in multi-criteria optimization. Employing network ensembles strengthens reliability by mitigating model weaknesses. Efficiency analysis assesses required computations, managing the trade-off between cost and accuracy. Considering complex input parameters and comparing against the Monte Carlo approach further demonstrates the methodology’s efficacy. This work showcases the successful integration of network ensembles employed as surrogate models and mode shape identification, enhancing multi-objective optimization in engineering applications. The approach’s efficiency in handling intricate designs and enhancing accuracy has broad implications for optimization methodologies.
The Intersection of Health Literacy and Public Health: A Machine Learning-Enhanced Bibliometric Investigation

In recent decades, health literacy has garnered increasing attention alongside a variety of public health topics. This study aims to explore trends in this area through a bibliometric analysis. A Random Forest Model was utilized to identify keywords and other metadata that predict average citations in the field. To supplement this machine learning analysis, we have also implemented a bibliometric review of the corpus. Our findings reveal significant positive coefficients for the keywords “COVID-19” and “Male”, underscoring the influence of the pandemic and potential gender-related factors in the literature. On the other hand, the keyword “Female” showed a negative coefficient, hinting at possible disparities that warrant further investigation. Additionally, evolving themes such as COVID-19, mental health, and social media were discovered. A significant change was observed in the main publishing journals, while the major contributing authors remained the same. The results hint at the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic and a significant association between gender-related keywords on citation likelihood, as well as changing publication strategies, despite the fact that the main researchers remain those who have been studying health literacy since its creation.
Plasma‐Sheet Bubble Identification Using Multivariate Time Series Classification

Plasma‐sheet bubbles play a major role in the earthward transport of magnetotail particles. The most remarkable feature of bubbles is their fast bulk flow velocities, along with reduced plasma density and pressure accompanied by magnetic field dipolarization. These bubbles can be identified based on in situ observations, but subjective ambiguity necessitates human verification, due to confusion with other phenomena mostly associated with magnetic reconnection and plasma waves. In this study, we aim to employ machine learning (ML) techniques to detect bubbles automatically and to create a tool that can be utilized by individuals without specialized subject expertise. To identify bubbles, we combine three distinct techniques: MINImally RandOm Convolutional KErnel Transform (MINIROCKET), 1D convolution neural network, and Residual Network (ResNet). The imbalanced training data set consists of bubble and non‐bubble events with a ratio of 1:40 from 2007 to 2020. The results indicate that the accuracy of all three models is approximately 99%, and their precision, recall, and F2 score are all above 80% for both the validation and test datasets. The three methods are combined with the intersection set as the minimum set of predictions and the union set as the maximum set. The union set can accurately identify 66.7% of bubbles. The combined method reduces the number of false negatives significantly. In the prediction of bubbles in observations made in the year 2021 using a union set, the bubbles obtained by the model are comparable to those discovered using traditional criteria and manual inspections.
Examining the Intra-Rater Reliability of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)-Induced Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs) Within and Between Sessions: A Step Towards Ensuring Accuracy of Observed MEP Changes in Repeated Measures Studies conducted by Newly Trained TMS Operators

Background: An essential factor in the validity of motor evoked potential (MEP)s recorded by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over multiple times is their test-retest reliability which to a large extent depends on the accuracy and competence of the assessor (intra-rater reliability). However, intra-rater reliability is infrequently reported in TMS studies suggesting that this is rarely done. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the intra-rater within and between-session reliability of a newly trained TMS assessor prior to a main TMS study and report on the methodology used to encourage similar practice. Methods: Fourteen (10 males, 4 females; mean age: 32 ± 5.8 years) participants took part in the study. Motor evoked potentials were elicited from a relaxed, right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle three times (T1, T2 and T3) across two testing sessions at least 48 hours apart. During the first session, MEPs were recorded twice (T1 and T2) within an interval of 20 minutes to determine the within (intra) session reliability of the assessor. During the second session, a single measurement was carried out (T3) which was compared to T1 to determine the inter-session reliability. Results: Repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) did not reveal significant difference in the amplitude of the MEPs obtained across the three time periods (P = 0.196) demonstrating agreement in the MEPs and hence the reliability of the assessor. Additionally, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between T1 and T2; and T1 and T3 were 0.952 (P < 0.001) and 0.833 (P = 0.001) respectively further indicating the within and between sessions reliability of the assessor. Conclusions: The agreement between the three measured MEPs amplitude and the significant ICC demonstrates the reliability of the assessor in this study to use TMS for research. We suggest that the intra-rater reliability of new TMS operators should be established using the methodology in this report prior to main TMS studies.
The Factors of Affecting The Intention of Merchandise In Flight

This study aims to determine the effects of attitude, brands, social influence and satisfaction on purchase intentions of merchandise in flight to air transportation service users both domestically and abroad. This research used accidental sampling technique which was conducted on 201 samples from users of domestic or foreign air transportation services in 2019. The method was a questionnaire and an interview. By using SEM Amos 21 statistical tools. The results showed that all variables used in this study were attitudes, brands, social influences and satisfaction had a significant and positive influence on purchase intention variables. This shows that the presence of internal and external factors of a customer will also affect the customer's purchase intention for a merchandise.
S‐wave velocities and anisotropy in sediments entering the Nankai subduction zone, offshore Japan

SUMMARY P and mode-converted S waves from airgun shots recorded along a line of ocean bottom seismometers were used to construct a 2-D velocity section across the Nankai Trough and the toe of the accretionary complex, offshore southeast Japan. The site was chosen because of plans to drill into the seismogenic zone of the main subduction thrust, which has a history of M∼ 8 earthquakes. The section is constrained by well-log data from three Ocean Drilling Program boreholes. S-wave velocities of the sediments over the entire section, down to >1.1 km below seafloor, range from 107 to 915 m s−1. Shear wave splitting indicates anisotropy in all the sediments except possibly the distal trench fill. If interpreted conventionally as being due to vertical stress-aligned cracks, the anisotropy in both the trench and the toe of the accretionary wedge is consistent with crack orientation NW–SE, parallel to the direction of maximum tectonic compression. Crack density is ∼0.01–0.03, consistent with closeness to fracture criticality.
Evidence of Change in the Winter Mixed Layer in the Northeast Pacific Ocean: A Problem Revisited

This paper presents a reanalysis of trends in water properties around the Gulf of Alaska. The datasets used are the lighthouse time series and the Line-P time series augmented with data from the Argo global float array. It is shown that though trends have changed, the essential story that was told 15 years ago has not changed in any meaningful way. Sea-surface temperatures are rising over a large part of the Gulf of Alaska, and sea-surface salinities are declining. Both of these lead to a decrease in surface density. We show that the temperature change extends deep into the Gulf of Alaska, and the freshening trend extends to a depth of about 100 db. Potential energy in the water column is decreasing, and the result of the decreasing potential energy and the increasing stratification implies a decrease in mid-winter mixed layer depths. RÉSUMÉ [Traduit par la rédaction] Cet article présente une réanalyse des tendances des propriétés de l'eau dans le golfe d'Alaska. Les ensembles de données utilisés sont les séries chronologiques des phares et les séries chronologiques de la ligne P augmentés des données du réseau mondial de flotteurs Argo. Il ressort que même si les tendances ont changé, à peu près tout ce que l'on a pu dire il y a 15 ans demeure valable. Les températures de la surface de la mer augmentent dans une grande partie du golfe d'Alaska et les salinités de la surface diminuent. Ces deux facteurs entraînent une diminution de la densité de la surface. Nous montrons que le changement de température se produit jusqu’à une bonne profondeur dans le golfe d'Alaska et que la tendance à l'adoucissement s’étend jusqu’à une profondeur d'environ 100 db. L’énergie potentielle dans la colonne d'eau diminue et cette diminution, de pair avec l'accroissement de la stratification, implique une diminution des profondeurs de la couche de mélange au milieu de l'hiver.
Some effects of air and root temperatures on the yield and quality of glasshouse tomatoes

SummaryNovember-sown tomato crops in NFT were grown at 11–16°C night air temperatures to investigate the possibility of using lower temperatures in order to save fuel. Fruiting was delayed at the lower air temperatures but the final yield and total crop values were increased, provided the lower temperature was restricted either to the period up to or following the onset of fruit picking. The former was preferable because more fuel was saved. The time intervals between the flowering of successive inflorescences and the time between flowering and fruit ripening within an inflorescence depended on air temperature, both processes having a temperature coefficient (Q10) of 1.7. The effect of low air temperature regimes on these two components of crop production is therefore predictable. Root temperatures were increased by up to 12°C above the ambient of ≃ 15°C, either from flowering to picking or from picking onwards in various combinations with the air temperatures. Increasing root temperature up to picking re.
Profit Analysis of Small-Scale Poultry Layers in Iwo Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) Zone of Osun State

This study focused on the profit analysis of small-scale poultry layers in Iwo ADP Zone of Osun State. Data were collected from the poultry farmers using a well-structured questionnaire and multi-stage sampling procedure. A total sample size of one hundred and five (105) poultry farmers was selected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics budgetary analysis and inferential statistical tools (OLS). Results of the study revealed that majority (80%) of the farmers were below 50 years and the farmers’ mean age was 49.5±7.7 years. The majority (95%) of the farmers had primary education and above. The mean year of experience was 11.0±3.4 years. The mean birds reared and profit was 405 birds and N84, 849.54 respectively. Return on investment during the period was N1.04 establishing positive returns. Household size, years of poultry farming experience and stock size were the factors significantly influencing the profit positively. Therefore, it is suggested that poultry farmers in the study area should try to increase their pen size, explore the use of family labour and endeavour to learn new methods of poultry management from farmers with more years of poultry-keeping experience to increase their level of profit.
Variability of the polar night jet in the northern and southern hemispheres

The spatial and temporal characteristics of the month-to-month variability of the polar night jet and its relationship with tropospheric circulation is investigated for both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The variabilities of the hemispheres have many common characteristics of the Polar Night Jet Oscillation (PJO). These common characteristics include the following: (1) the anomalous zonal-mean zonal winds shift poleward and downward; (2) the anomalous polar temperatures propagate downward from the stratopause to the upper troposphere; and (3) they are made through a wave-mean flow interaction with mainly the planetary wave of zonal wave number one. Annular modes associated with the PJOs appear in both hemispheres when the zones of maximum polar temperature anomaly descend to the lowermost stratosphere and upper troposphere. The major difference in the PJOs of the two hemispheres is found in their temporal characteristics. In the Southern Hemisphere, the phase of the PJO is closely locked to the annual cycle, while in the Northern Hemisphere it exhibits quasiperiodic variability with its envelope controlled by the annual cycle. The origin of the differences between the PJOs is discussed based on the theory of the wave-mean flow interaction.
Role of dendritic cell-derived exosomes in allergic rhinitis (Review)

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common pathological condition in otorhinolaryngology. Its prevalence has been increasing worldwide and is becoming a major burden to the world population. Dendritic cells (DCs) are typically activated and matured after capturing, phagocytosing, and processing allergens during the immunopathogenesis of AR. In addition, the process of DC activation and maturation is accompanied by the production of exosomes, which are cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can carry proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other cargoes involved in intercellular communication and material transfer. In particular, DC-derived exosomes (Dex) can participate in allergic immune responses, where the biological substances carried by them can have potentially important implications for both the pathogenesis and treatment of AR. Dex can also be exploited to carry anti-allergy agents to effectively treat AR. This provides a novel method to explore the pathogenesis of and treatment strategies for AR further. Therefore, the present review focuses on the origin, composition, function, and biological characteristics of DCs, exosomes, and Dex, in addition to the possible relationship between Dex and AR.
Standardized principal components

Abstract In remote sensing, principal components analysis is usually performed using unstandardized variables. However, the use of standardized variables yields significantly different results. In this paper principal components of two LANDSAT MSS subscenes were separately calculated using both methods. The result indicate substantial improvement in signal-to-noise ratio and image enhancement by using standardized variables in the principal components analysis.