Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Composite Propellers for Naval Vessels

There are a number of issues with current Nickel Aluminum Bronze (NAB) submarine propellers including cavitation and vibration, electric signature, and possibly excess weight. A possible solution to all of these is to fabricate the entire propeller (or a significant portion) out of composite materials such as carbon fibre. For naval applications, propellers fabricated of composites could reduce/eliminate electric signatures and the need for corrosion protection. Furthermore, a lighter propeller would result in a potential improvement in draft or loading capacity while reducing bearing loads, and would also allow for thicker blade sections which may end up improving cavitation performance. The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) has an interest to investigate the design/analysis of various composite propeller configurations in order to achieve the required strength, vibration, weight, and other performance criteria. Due to the complexity of naval propeller geometric configurations, RCN has, in collaboration with Lloyd’s Register ATG, developed the PVAST software tool to facilitate the development of propeller finite element models for use with the Trident FEA solver. The developed tool was used to model and evaluate a number of composite propeller configurations against a legacy NAB propeller on a naval research vessel. The materials considered included glassfibre reinforced plastic (GFRP), carbon-fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP), and very high modulus (VHM) CFRP. Finite element models of these composite propeller configurations were developed and used for the assessment. The in-air and in-water natural frequency and static stress responses of the composite and NAB propeller configurations were computed. The natural frequencies of the composite propeller blades were generally lower than those of the NAB propeller. The maximum blade deflection of the CFRP and GFRP blades were both significantly higher than of the NAB blade. It was shown that the use of a sandwich composite blade construction, with reinforcing fibres in the through-thickness direction, can be used to reduce the maximum tip deflections to the same order as the NAB blade deflections.
Rare Case of Bilateral High Division of Sciatic Nerve with Bilateral Bifid "Divided" Piriformis and Unusual Perforating Branches of Profunda Femoris Vessels Crossing Posterior to the Nerve

This is a very rare case of bilateral high division of sciatic nerve of a 49 years old male Sudanese cadaver, with bilateral divided piriformis muscle(superior larger and inferior smaller). In this case the Sciatic nerve is divided into Ttibial and Common fibular nerves within the pelvis, and comes out into gluteal region, on both sides common fibular nerve pass between two heads of divided piriformis and tibial nerve bellow the inferior piriformis. But what is very rare not bilateral high division of sciatic nerve but two nerves tibial nerve and common fibular nerve united again at the middle of quadratus femoris muscle bilaterally and continue as a common sciatic nerve and then divided a gain at the middle of popleteal fossa. Another very rare variation which is perforating Bramches of profunda femoris vessel crossing on the posterior surface of middle part of common sciatic nerve. To our knowledge there's no literature describing this kind of variation.
Self-compatibility and autogamy in ‘Guara’ almond

To evaluate self-compatibility and autogamy in ‘Guara’ almond, pollen tube growth and fruit set following hand pollination and fruit set in a caged tree were considered. Pollen tube growth after self- and cross-pollination was similar either at 15 or 20°C. Fruit set after hand pollination was almost identical for both self- and cross-pollination either in the open field or on the caged tree. Thus the ability of the own pollen to grow and to set fruit was assessed, showing its genetical self-compatibility. Natural fruit set in the caged tree was over 11%, which is low for a commercial crop, but it was compensated by the high bloom density of this cultivar. This set was also probably decreased by the cage environment and the lack of wind inside the cage, showing that there is natural autogamy, as seen by the position of the stigma among the anthers, allowing natural self-pollination.
I have completed my review of ‘The destiny of orogen-parallel streams in the Eastern Alps: Salzach-Enns

The evolution of the drainage system in the Eastern Alps is inherently linked to different tectonic stages of the alpine orogeny. Crustal scale faults imposed east-directed orogen parallel flow on major rivers, whereas late orogenic surface uplift increased topographic gradients between foreland and range and hence the vulnerability of such rivers to be captured. This 10 leads to a situation where major orogen-parallel alpine rivers such as the Salzach River or the Enns River are characterized by elongated east-west oriented catchments south of the proposed capture points, whereby almost the entire drainage area is located west of the capture point. To determine the current stability of drainage divides and to predict the potential direction of divide migration, we analyzedanalysed their geometry at catchment, headwater and hillslope scale. covering time scales from millions of years to the millennial scale. Therefore, we employ χ mapping for different base levels, generalized swath 15 profiles alongacross drainage divides and Gilbert metrics. Our results show that almost all drainage divides are asymmetric with steeper channels west and flatter channels east of a common drainage divide. Interpreting these results, we propose that drainage divides migrate from west towards east, so that the Inn catchment grows on expense of the Salzach catchment and the Salzach catchment consumes the westernmost tributaries of the Mur and Enns catchments. While Gilbert metrics show the same trend at hillslope scale at the Salzach–Enns and Salzach–Mur drainage divide, they show no significant asymmetry at 20 the Inn–Salzach drainage divide. As topography at the latter divide is dominated by glacial landforms such as cirques and Ushaped valleys, we interpret the missing hillslope scale asymmetry of this divide as a result of Pleistocene climate modulations, which locally obscured the large-scale signal of drainage network reorganization. We suggest that the east-directed divide migration progressively leads to symmetric catchment geometries, where eventually tributaries west and east of the capture point contribute equally to the drainage area. To test this assumption, we have reconstructed the proposed drainage network 25 geometries for different time slices. χ mapping of these reconstructed drainage networks indicates a progressive stability of the network topology in the Eastern Alps towards the present-day situation.
Magnesium sulfate versus nitroglycerin in controlled hypotensive anesthesia in middle ear surgeries

Background: Controlled hypotension is required for middle ear surgeries to achieve a bloodless operative field and improve its quality, both magnesium sulfate and nitroglycerine used to produce deliberate hypotension. Aim of the work: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of magnesium sulfate and nitroglycerin in inducing controlled hypotensive anesthesia as a primary outcome and using propranolol if tachycardia occurred as a secondary outcome, in middle ear surgeries. Patients and Methods:The study was carried out on 40 adults’ patients were randomly classified into two equal groups, twenty patients each: Group [M]: Received an intravenous [IV] bolus of magnesium sulfate 30 mg/ kg in 100 ml saline over 10 min followed by infusion of 10 mg/kg/h. Group [N]: Received nitroglycerin IV infusion 0.5-10 mcg/kg/min. Propranolol 1- 2.5 mg IV had been given to both groups if there was tachycardia. Results: Both drugs induced hypotension with statistically significant difference in systolic and mean blood pressure [BP] and there was highly significant increase in heart rate [HR] in nitroglycerin more than magnesium sulfate and high doses of propranolol were administrated in nitroglycerine group. Postoperative pain was significantly increased in nitroglycerin than magnesium sulfate groups which had more analgesic effect. Conclusion: Both drugs induced hypotension. However, magnesium sulfate was better as it provided optimum surgical field, less tachycardia, need less dose of propranolol with less post-operative pain in comparison to nitroglycerin
Sooner, closer, or longer: detectability of mesocarnivores at camera traps

Camera trapping, paired with analytical methods for estimating species occurrence, population size or density, can yield information with direct consequences for wildlife management and conservation. Detectability, the ability to detect a species or individual if it is present, affects the reliability and efficiency of camera trap surveys and, in turn, varies across species, space and time. Greater detectability means greater sample size, and a common approach to boost detectability of wildlife by camera traps involves the application of olfactory lures. Using a camera trap study on sympatric mesocarnivores (European badger Meles meles, red fox Vulpes vulpes, pine marten Martes martes and domestic cat Felis catus), we quantified three elements of detectability: (1) the time until first detection (‘sooner’, conditional on being present), (2) the proximity to a focal point in front of the camera (‘closer’, conditional on being detected) and (3) the duration of exposure to the camera (‘longer’, conditional on being detected). A hierarchical analytical approach and a quasi-experimental setup allowed us to test for and quantify the species-specific effect of olfactory lures on these aspects of detectability. Depending on species, average median time to first detection ranged from 4 to 28 days, distance to the focal point from 0.3 to 0.8 body lengths, and median time to departure from 2 to 6 seconds. Credible intervals overlapped substantially between most species in all three measures, and variation between observations was extensive. We detected effects of lures on time to first detection for cats (castoreum; American beaver Castor canadensis scent), distance to focal point for badgers (striped skunk Mephitis mephitis scent) and martens (castoreum, fox and skunk scents), and the duration of exposure for foxes (fox and skunk scents). We discuss how a multifaceted perspective on detectability in camera trap studies, linked with species biology, can give investigators a more structured approach to selecting and testing measures intended to boost detection probability.
Prevalence, Risk Factors and Major Bacterial Causes of Bovine

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2013 to May 2014 on lactating dairy cows to determine the overall prevalence of bovine mastitis, identify associated risk factors and isolate the predominant bacterial agents involved in causing mastitis in and around Sinana district. A total of 384 lactating cows were examined for mastitis using clinical examination and California Mastitis Test (CMT). Bacteriological isolation techniques were also undertaken to recover the causative bacterial pathogens. Prevalence of mastitis at cow level was 36.72%, out of which 4.95% and 31.77% were clinical and subclinical cases, respectively. The quarter level prevalence was 26.43%; from this, the clinical and subclinical forms were 2.28% and 24.15%, respectively. Out of total examined teats, 1.30% was blind. About 356 bacterial isolates identified from mastitic milk samples. The isolates based on their relative frequency of occurrence were: Staphylococcus aureus (33.99%), Streptococcus agalactiae (24.44%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (10.96%), Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS) (7.58%), Escherichia coli (6.46%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (6.18%), Corynebacterium bovis (5.34%), Klebsiella pneumonia (2.81%) and Bacillus cereus (2.23%).
Generic beliefs in conspiracy theories during a pandemic 1 The conspiracy hoax ? Testing key hypotheses about the correlates of generic beliefs in conspiracy theories during the COVID-19 pandemic

Conspiracy beliefs receive unprecedented public attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. This may be because they could directly affect own and others’ health and economic outcomes due to detrimental effects on preventive behaviour. We aimed to (a) test key hypotheses on the correlates of generic beliefs in conspiracy theories in this high-relevance real-life setting, (b) examine the role of trust in mediating effects on preventive behaviour, and (c) thereby inform the public health response. Using cross-sectional data (N=1,013) from the German COVID-19 monitoring we tested the relationships between conspiracy beliefs and (a) level of education, (b) social and economic worries, (c) trust in media, the government, public health institutions, and science, and (d) hygiene-related and contactrelated preventive behaviour. Results were in line with expectations apart from null findings for the relationships with social worries and hygiene-related preventive behaviour. Trust in government mediated effects of conspiracy beliefs on contact-related preventive behaviour.
The big five personality traits influencing habitual Facebook usage, life satisfaction and psychological well-being of Generation Y students

This research determined five big personality traits that influenced South African Generation Y students’ habitual use of Facebook, life satisfaction and psychological well-being. The research embraced a quantitative approach, and a structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from Generation Y students. The data were analysed using Smart PLS software version 3.2. 7 for partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Neuroticism, extraversion, openness and agreeableness had positive and significant influences on habitual Facebook usage (HFU). However, conscientiousness seemed to have a positive yet insignificant relationship with HFU. Habitual use of Facebook has been found to have a positive and significant impact on life satisfaction and psychological well-being. It was also determined that life satisfaction positively and significantly influences psychological well-being. The exogenous-to-endogenous outcomes from the structural model coincided with most of prior study’s findings. Therefore, in the light of the associated literature, the findings were discussed. This study is intended to add a fresh understanding to the current body of Africa’s personality, psychology and social media literature – a context that has received little research attention in developing nations.
Optimum Dietary Crude Protein and Digestible Energy Requirements for fingerlings of Hybrid Clariid catfish Heterobranchus bidorsalis♀ X Clarias gariepinus♂ in the Tropics

This study was carried out to determine the optimum dietary crude protein and digestible energy requirements for the Heterobranchus bidorsalis♀ X Clarias gariepinus♂ fingerlings. The general objective of the study was to determine the optimum protein and digestible energy levels for the Clariid catfish fingerlings, Heterobranchus bidorsalis♀ X Clarias gariepinus♂, using locally sourced feed inputs. Heterobranchus bidorsalis♀ X Clarias gariepinus♂ fingerlings were reared from hatchlings to five weeks old. Sixteen practical diets were formulated and used in the feeding trials. The diets were made up of four digestible energy levels (2400, 2600, 2800 and 3000Kcal/Kg), each at four crude proteins levels (25, 30, 35 and 40%) and were fed to the fingerlings for 70days in three replicates for each treatment. Weekly data were collected based on weight gain and feed consumption. Feed and fish carcasses were analyzed for proximate composition of the fingerlings. All data collected were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test at 5% probability level. The total weight gain of fingerlings increase in dietary protein levels at all energy levels used in the experiment. The increases were significant in all but one and which was that between 35% and 40% crude protein at the DE of 3000kg/kg diet. The highest total weight gain (148.84/4) was obtained in fish led with the diet containing 40% crude protein at digestible energy of 2400kcal/kg diet. The values obtained at 40% crude protein and DE of 2400kcal/kg diet were significantly different (P<0.05) from those obtained on all the other dietary protein and energy levels treatments. The lower protein levels (25 and 30%) resulted in very low weight gain. The trends in effects of dietary treatments on SGR, RGR and RWG were similar to those described for weight gain. At dietary protein levels of 35% and 40%, the amounts of feed consumed were significantly higher than those recorded at dietary protein levels of 25% and 30%. At DE of 2400 and 2800kcal/kg, the amounts of feed consumed by fish fed with the 35% crude protein diets were significantly lower than those of fish fed with the diet containing 40% crude protein. However, at DE of 2600 and 3000kcal/kg. FCR values increased with increase in dietary crude protein level and decreased with increase in dietary energy level with the exception of 2800kcal/kg diet while the PER Values decreased with increase in dietary protein levels. Protein intake increased with increases in protein level while protein intake decreased with increases in caloric intake.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE FEATURES OF SOIL HUMUS IN MOUNTAIN TREELINE ECOSYSTEMS

The ecosystems in treeline mountainous regions are considered as vulnerable to climate change, since these areas will experience stronger temperature fluctuations at regional scale than the global climate and are exposed to different intensity of land use and to land use change, both affecting their functioning and services. Forests, pastures and meadows with different land-use intensity in the treeline region of Central Balkan were studied to define the effects of the management intensity and different land uses on the quantitative and qualitative features of soil humus. Forest floor and mineral soils samples were analyzed. Land use change caused a slight decrease in organic carbon, total nitrogen contents, soil pH and the overall soil organic carbon stock 45 years after the afforestation activities as well as caused differences in the amount of humic and fulvic acids. Similar effect was observed 67 years after conversion of natural beech forest to spruce plantation. The presence or lack of management activities in the created coniferous plantations in the treeline zone were not a prerequisite for betterment humification processes and further incorporation of organic substances in the mineral soil in forest land uses. Opposite could be concluded for mountain grasslands, where relatively long term intensive grazing is hence with an increase of carbon content in superficial soil and improved soil fertility to some extents. The potential effect of land use and management intensity on carbon storage capacity in treeline ecosystems could be estimated by assessing the quantitative features of soil humus. They are important, but could not be applied as enough informative indicators for the effects of land use change and management impacts in treeline ecosystems.
Understanding Authenticity in Digital Cause-Related Advertising: Does Cause Involvement Moderate Intention to Purchase?

The paper provides a survey understanding of two dimensions of perceived authenticity in digital cause-related marketing (CRM) display advertising and models the impact on consumers’ responses. It develops a model with a set of six hypotheses and tests them through a multivariate structural equation technique on quantitative data generated by a survey procedure on a UK-based consumer panel. The 465 online panel participants consisted of 60% males and 40% females between the ages of 18 and 35. The findings provide empirical evidence that the perceived donation amount and ad-context congruence are intertwined perspectives of authenticity in digital CRM display ads, and show that both of these dimensions provide input to conferring authenticity on the ads. However, the perceived donation amount accounts for a stronger effect than ad-context congruence. The paper finds firms’ altruistic motives an influential antecedent to the mediating role of attitudes towards the ad (AaD) as a fundraising tool. This is due to the nature of the impact of authenticity on the link with intention to purchase. Contrarily to expectation, the level of firms’ involvement with a social cause does not moderate intention to purchase from the consumers’ standpoint. The paper provides an interpretation of authentic perception in digital CRM advertising and proposes a composite model of the mechanism of this effect on consumers’ response. In DCRM advertising, increasing the perception of donation magnitude is a key driver to advertising success, and the level of association with a social cause is not a significant factor in segmenting and targeting consumers.
The Effects of Auditory Numerosity and Magnitude on Visual Numerosity Representation: An ERP Study

Numerical representation is not restricted to sensory modalities. It remains unclear how numerosity processing in different modalities interacts within the brain. Moreover, the effect of continuous magnitudes presented in one modality on the representation of numerosity in another modality has not been well studied. By using event-related potential (ERP) and source localization analyses, the present study examined whether there was an interaction between auditory numerosity and continuous magnitude on visual numerosity representation. A visual dot array (visual standard stimulus) was preceded by sound in which numerosity (Multiple-tone vs. One-tone conditions) and magnitude (Loud-tone vs. Soft-tone conditions) information were manipulated. Then, another visual dot array (visual comparison stimulus) was presented, and participants were required to compare the numerosities of the visual dots. Behavioural results revealed that participants showed smaller just-noticeable differences (JNDs) when visual stimuli were preceded by multiple tones than those when visual stimuli were preceded by one tone. The subsequent ERP analysis of visual standard stimuli revealed that the peak amplitude of N1 was more negative under the Loud-tone condition than that under the Soft-tone condition, which could be related to better preparatory attention. Moreover, a significant interaction between auditory numerosity and magnitude was found within the P2p time window for the standard stimuli. Further source localization analysis identified the effect of N1 and P2p to be in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and left inferior parietal lobule (IPL). The present study suggests that numerosity information presented in one sensory modality could spontaneously affect the numerical representation in another modality.
*Version before final edit and proofreading Encountered Space and Situated Lay-Knowledge – A Mixed Methods Approach Authors:

This research draws on the geographical concept of situated lay-knowledge to highlight how the formation of tourists’ attitudes to travel destinations challenges the theoretical foundation of theory of planned behaviour (TPB). It suggests that situated lay knowledge is dynamic as opposed to static which is the accepted basis of TPB and subsequently proposes ‘Situated Lay-Knowledge Travel Behaviour Model’ (SLKTB). The model was tested in a mixed methods approach where Chinese tourists, who knew little about Portugal, encountered Portuguese culture and cuisine in Macau. The overall results demonstrate that the formation of tourists’ attitudes about travel destinations is not pre-existing or static but dynamic and created from their ongoing encounters.