Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative gastrointestinal function and corresponding symptom profiles in autonomic neuropathy

Purpose Peripheral neuropathies with autonomic nervous system involvement are a recognized cause of gastrointestinal dysmotility for a wide spectrum of diseases. Recent advances in wireless motility capsule testing allow improved sampling of regional and whole gut motility to aid in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal motility disorders and may provide additional insight into segment-specific enteric involvement of peripheral neuropathies affecting autonomic nervous system function. Methods We utilized standardized autonomic nervous system (ANS) reflex assessment and wireless motility capsule testing to evaluate 20 individuals with idiopathic autonomic neuropathy and unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally, we examined the relationship between quantifiable autonomic neuropathy and gastrointestinal dysmotility at specific neuroanatomical levels. Symptom profiles were evaluated using the 31-item Composite Autonomic Symptom Score questionnaire (COMPASS-31) and compared to wireless motility capsule data. Results We found that transit times were predominately abnormal (delayed) in the foregut (10 of 20; 50%), while contractility abnormalities were far more prominent in the hindgut (17 of 20; 85%), and that motility and symptom patterns, as assessed by the COMPASS-31 GI domain items, generally corresponded. Finally, we also found that there was neuroanatomical overlap in the presence of autonomic reflex abnormalities and WMC-based transit and/or contractility abnormalities. Conclusions We found that transit times were predominately abnormal in the foregut and midgut, while contractility abnormalities were far more prominent in the hindgut in individuals with idiopathic autonomic neuropathy. There was a high rate of agreement in segmental wireless motility capsule data with neuroanatomically corresponding standardized ANS function measures (e.g., cardiovagal, sudomotor, adrenergic). Expanded sudomotor testing, including additional neuroanatomical segments, could provide additional indirect assessment of visceral involvement in ANS dysfunction.
Comparative changes of health-promoting phytochemicals and sugar metabolism of two hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) cultivars during fruit development and maturity

Introduction Hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) has an extensive range of nutritional and bioactive compounds and has been valued as a great resource for kiwifruit breeding. A better understanding of the dynamic changes of the composition and accumulation of nutritional compounds during fruit development and ripening is required before genetic or cultural improvements can be targeted. Methods In the present study, the phytochemical analysis of two A. arguta cultivars ‘Yilv’ and ‘Lvmi-1’ showed that they comprised different morphology, with a higher fruit diameter while a lower vertical fruit diameter of ‘Lvmi-1’ compared with ‘Yilv’. The antioxidant capacity of both cultivars decreased during the maturity time and showed no significant difference between them. Furthermore, although glucose gradually increased during the maturity time, the predominant sugar composition was speculated to be fructose in ‘Lvmi-1’ fruit while sucrose in ‘Yilv’ fruit at the early fruit developmental stages. Moreover, the predominant acids in ‘Yilv’ and ‘Lvmi-1’ were citric acid followed by quinic acid, malic acid, and oxalic acid. The expression of sugar- and starch-related genes encoding the crucial enzymes suggested different changes in ‘Yilv’ and ‘Lvmi-1’. Notably, a subsequent correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) expression and glucose in ‘Yilv’, fructokinase (FK) expression, and starch content in ‘Lvmi-1’, implying their vital roles in sugar and starch accumulation. By contrast, a significant negative correlation between FK expression and fructose in ‘Lvmi-1’ fruit was observed. Results and Discussion In summary, our results provide supplementary information for the dynamic changes of nutritional compounds and antioxidant capacity during hardy kiwifruit maturity time and give a clue for exploring the mechanism of sugar and starch accumulation in hardy kiwifruit.
Hikers’ pro-environmental behavior in national park: Integrating theory of planned behavior and norm activation theory

Hikers’ intention for pro-environmental behavior (PEB) directly affects the sustainable development of protected areas, but few studies have been conducted from the perspective of theoretical integration. This study explores the intention of hikers’ PEB from the perspective of individual hikers, based on the theory of planned behavior and norm activation theory. Researchers surveyed 456 hikers in Wuyishan National Park, and the data analysis method employed was structural equation modeling. The results demonstrate that the model integrating TPB and NAM was accepted of hikers’ PEB in national park, and for the hiker, internal demand was found to precede external stimulus for their behavior. The study sheds light on how to better comprehend and advocate for PEB in national parks.
Sound localization and auditory selective attention in school-aged children with ADHD

This study aimed to identify the neurophysiologic bases of auditory attention deficits in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), focusing on the electroencephalography component of auditory spatial selective attention [the N2 anterior contralateral component (N2ac)]. EEG data were collected from 7- to 11-year-old children with ADHD (n = 54) and age-, sex-, and IQ-matched typically developing (TD) children (n = 61), while they performed an auditory spatial selective task. For behavior, the children with ADHD showed a shorter reaction time (RT) but a higher RT coefficient of variability (RTCV) than TD children. For ERPs, the TD group showed a significant “adult-like” N2ac component; however, the N2ac component was absent in children with ADHD. More importantly, the smaller N2ac component could predict longer RT in both groups, as well as higher severity of inattentive symptoms in children with ADHD. Our results indicated that 7- to 11-year-old TD children have developed an “adult-like” ability to balance auditory target selection and distractor suppression; the absence of N2ac in children with ADHD provided novel evidence supporting their dysfunctional auditory spatial selective attention.
Reinventing the human tuberculosis (TB) granuloma: Learning from the cancer field

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world and every 20 seconds a person dies from TB. An important attribute of human TB is induction of a granulomatous inflammation that creates a dynamic range of local microenvironments in infected organs, where the immune responses may be considerably different compared to the systemic circulation. New and improved technologies for in situ quantification and multimodal imaging of mRNA transcripts and protein expression at the single-cell level have enabled significantly improved insights into the local TB granuloma microenvironment. Here, we review the most recent data on regulation of immunity in the TB granuloma with an enhanced focus on selected in situ studies that enable spatial mapping of immune cell phenotypes and functions. We take advantage of the conceptual framework of the cancer-immunity cycle to speculate how local T cell responses may be enhanced in the granuloma microenvironment at the site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. This includes an exploratory definition of “hot”, immune-inflamed, and “cold”, immune-excluded TB granulomas that does not refer to the level of bacterial replication or metabolic activity, but to the relative infiltration of T cells into the infected lesions. Finally, we reflect on the current knowledge and controversy related to reactivation of active TB in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the induction and maintenance or disruption of immunoregulation in the TB granuloma microenvironment may provide new avenues for host-directed therapies that can support standard antibiotic treatment of persistent TB disease.
Prognostic significance of sarcopenia and systemic inflammation for patients with renal cell carcinoma following nephrectomy

Background To clarify the prognostic effect of preoperative sarcopenia and systemic inflammation, and to develop a nomogram for predicting overall survival (OS) of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) following partial or radical nephrectomy. Methods Patients with RCC following nephrectomy from the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University during January 2018 to September 2020 were included in this study. The relationship between sarcopenia and inflammatory markers was identified by logistic regression analysis. Then univariable Cox regression analysis, LASSO regression analysis and multivariable Cox regression analysis were analyzed sequentially to select the independent prognostic factors. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were applied to ascertain the prognostic value. Finally, the identified independent predictors were incorporated in a nomogram, which was internally validated and compared with other methods. Results A total of 276 patients were enrolled, and 96 (34.8%) were diagnosed with sarcopenia, which was significantly associated with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Sarcopenia and elevated inflammation markers, i.e., NLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), were independent factors for determining the OS. The model had good discrimination with Concordance index of 0.907 (95% CI: 0.882–0.931), and the calibration plots performed well. Both net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discriminant improvement (IDI) exhibited better performance of the nomogram compared with clinical stage-based, sarcopenia-based and integrated “NLR+PLR+mGPS” methods. Moreover, decision curve analysis showed a net benefit of the nomogram at a threshold probability greater than 20%. Conclusions Preoperative sarcopenia was significantly associated with NLR. A novel nomogram with well validation was developed for risk stratification, prognosis tracking and personalized therapeutics of RCC patients.
Predicting school readiness program implementation in community-based childcare centers

Introduction Targeted curricular interventions can increase preschool program quality and boost children’s academic and social–emotional readiness skills, but variable funding and weak organizational infrastructure in many community-based childcare centers may reduce the effective implementation of these programs. Method This study examined individual teacher and workplace predictors of the REDI program implementation, a targeted school readiness program that was adapted to support delivery in childcare centers. REDI was delivered by 63 teachers in 37 community-based childcare centers with center directors serving as local implementation coaches. Results Results showed that individual teacher factors (e.g., teaching skills and receptivity to intervention consultation) predicted the quality with which REDI activities and teaching strategies were delivered, and workplace factors were important predictors across multiple implementation indicators. Discussion Practice and policy implications for improving intervention implementation and corresponding program quality in childcare centers are highlighted.
Synchronous liver and peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer: Is cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with liver resection a feasible option?

Background Traditionally, synchronous liver resection (LR), cytoreductive surgery (CRS), and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal liver and peritoneal metastases have been contraindicated. Nowadays, clinical practice has promoted this aggressive treatment in selected cases. This study aimed to review surgical and survival results of an extensive surgical approach including CRS with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and LR. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were matched to find the available literature on this topic. The search period was limited to 10 years (January 2010–January 2021). A threshold of case series of 10 patients or more was applied. Results In the search period, out of 114 studies found about liver and peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer, we found 18 papers matching the inclusion criteria. Higher morbidity and mortality were reported for patients who underwent such an extensive surgical approach when compared with patients who underwent only cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC. Also, survival rates seem worse in the former than in the latter. Conclusion The role of combined surgical strategy in patients with synchronous liver and peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer remains controversial. Survival rates and morbidity and mortality seem not in favor of this option. A more accurate selection of patients and more restrictive surgical indications could perhaps help improve results in this subgroup of patients with limited curative options.
Microphysical properties of cold frontal rainbands

Observations have been obtained within an intense (precipitation rates > 50 mm h − 1 ) narrow cold-frontal rainband (NCFR) embedded within a broader region of stratiform precipitation. In situ data were obtained from an aircraft which ﬂew near a steerable dual-polarisation Doppler radar. The observations were obtained to characterise the microphysical properties of cold frontal clouds, with an emphasis on ice and precipitation formation and development
Observations of X-ray Nova GRS1739-278 by Mir-Kvant Module

Strong flux of x-ray emission with steep power-law spectrum was detected by Mir-Kvant from transient x-ray source GRS1739-278. The source was observed during survey of Galactic Center field in February–March of 1996. Later observations by Sigma/Granat and RXTE experiments allowed to classify the source as a typical soft x-ray Nova with unusually slow rise of x-ray flux during major outburst. The observations of the source by TTM/Kvant before the peak of brightness did not reveal the presense of strong soft component in the spectrum.
Power and stability comparisons of multiple testing procedures with false discovery rate control

High-throughput data analyses are widely used for examining differential gene expression, identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms, and detecting methylation loci. False discovery rate (FDR) has been considered a proper type I error rate to control for discovery-based high-throughput data analysis. Various multiple testing procedures have been proposed to control the FDR. The power and stability properties of some commonly used multiple testing procedures have not been extensively investigated yet, however. Simulation studies were conducted to compare power and stability properties of five widely used multiple testing procedures at different proportions of true discoveries for various sample sizes for both independent and dependent test statistics. Storey's two linear step-up procedures showed the best performance among all tested procedures considering FDR control, power, and variance of true discoveries. Leukaemia and ovarian cancer microarray studies were used to illustrate the power and stability characteristics of these five multiple testing procedures with FDR control.
Natural Computation of Cognition, from single cells up

At the time when the first models of cognitive architectures have been proposed, some forty years ago, understanding of cognition, embodiment and evolution was substantially different from today’s. So was the state of the art of information physics, information chemistry, bioinformatics, neuroinformatics, computational neuroscience, complexity theory, self-organization, theory of evolution, as well as the basic concepts of information and computation. Novel developments support a constructive interdisciplinary framework for cognitive architectures based on natural morphological computing, where interactions between constituents at different levels of organization of matter-energy and their corresponding time-dependent dynamics, lead to complexification of agency and increased cognitive capacities of living organisms that unfold through evolution. Proposed info-computational framework for naturalizing cognition considers present updates (generalizations) of the concepts of information, computation , cognition, and evolution in order to attain an alignment with the current state of the art in corresponding research fields. Some important open questions are suggested for future research with implications for further development of cognitive and intelligent technologies.
Robust detection of a weak signal with redescending M‐estimators: A comparative study

On finite samples redescending M‐estimators outperform linear bounded Huber's M‐estimators. To provide stable detection of a weak signal of arbitrary shape, robust Neyman–Pearson detection rules based on redescending M‐estimators of location are introduced and studied. It is shown that, on the whole, robust detectors based on redescending M‐estimators outperform conventional Huber's linear bounded detectors rules under light‐ and heavy‐tailed noise distributions both on large and small samples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeted Public Health Training for Neurosurgeons: An Essential Task for the Prioritization of Neurosurgery in the Evolving Global Health Landscape

The gap between the tremendous burden of neurological disease requiring surgical management and the limited capacity for neurosurgical care has fueled the growth of the global neurosurgical movement. It is estimated that an additional 23 300 neurosurgeons are needed to meet the burden posed by essential cases across the globe. Initiatives to increase neurosurgical capacity through systems strengthening and workforce development are key elements in correcting this deficit. Building on the growing interest in global health among neurosurgical trainees, we propose the integration of targeted public health education into neurosurgical training, in both high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries. This effort will ensure that graduates possess the fundamental skillsets and experience necessary to participate in and lead capacity-building efforts in the developing countries. This additional public health training can also help neurosurgical residents to achieve the core competencies outlined by accreditation boards, such as the Accreditation Committee on Graduate Medical Education in the United States. In this narrative review, we describe the global burden of neurosurgical disease, establish the need and role for the global neurosurgeon, and discuss pathways for implementing targeted global public health education in the field of neurosurgery.
GREEKS FORMULAS FOR AN ASSET PRICE MODEL WITH GAMMA PROCESSES

Greeks formulas of Delta, Rho, Vega, and Gamma are derived in closed form for asset price dynamics described by gamma processes and Brownian motions time‐changed by a gamma process. The model considered here includes many well‐known models of practical interest, such as the variance gamma model and the Black–Scholes model. Our approach is based upon the Malliavin calculus for jump processes by making full use of a scaling property of gamma processes with respect to the Girsanov transform. The existence of their variance is investigated. Numerical results are provided to illustrate that the derived Greeks formulas have faster rate of convergence relative to the finite difference method.
ST-segment depression in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: Important finding or just an artifact?

Background: The ST segment is component of the QRS-T complex located between the QRS and the T wave. ST segment changes during tachycardia with narrow QRS mainly takes the form of ST segment depression. This phenomenon is often observed in young healthy people for whom an ischemic background is unlikely. Materials and methods: The study included 104 patients (71 women and 33 men) with paroxysmal narrow QRS complex tachycardia. In all patients electrophysiological study was performed and the diagnosis of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia was established. The arrhythmogenic substrate was then eliminated successfully by subsequent ablation using radiofrequency energy which confirmed the diagnosis, all patients had measured QRS components – QR, RS and RJ during the tachycardia and during the sinusrhythm. All of the measurements were done in lead V5. Results: The difference RJ-QR during tachycardia and sinus rhythm correlated negatively with tachycardia cycle length (R = 0.356, P = .001), first slowly, then rapidly reaching the cycle value of about 300 ms, then it decreases, stabilizing at the cycle level of about 270. By separating the RJ-QR in tachycardia and in the sinus rhythm from the tachycardia cycle, we can see that the correlation described in this point is largely due to the correlation between the heart rate and RJ-QR length in tachycardia. Conclusions: In patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, there is a significant ST-segment depression during tachycardia episodes and the degree of this change is related to tachycardia cycle length. The most probable explanation of the ST-segment depression is the overlap of the QRS complex on the preceded T wave. This phenomenon is also influenced by some intrinsic properties of the individual electrocardiogram. It is possible to rule out ischemic origin of the presented ST segment change.
Safety Outcomes of Direct Discharge Home From ICUs: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Direct From ICU Sent Home Study)*

Objective: To evaluate the impact of direct discharge home (DDH) from ICUs compared with ward transfer on safety outcomes of readmissions, emergency department (ED) visits, and mortality. Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature from inception until March 28, 2022. Study Selection: Randomized and nonrandomized studies of DDH patients compared with ward transfer were eligible. Data Extraction: We screened and extracted studies independently and in duplicate. We assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. A random-effects meta-analysis model and heterogeneity assessment was performed using pooled data (inverse variance) for propensity-matched and unadjusted cohorts. We assessed the overall certainty of evidence for each outcome using the Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Data Synthesis: Of 10,228 citations identified, we included six studies. Of these, three high-quality studies, which enrolled 49,376 patients in propensity-matched cohorts, could be pooled using meta-analysis. For DDH from ICU, compared with ward transfers, there was no difference in the risk of ED visits at 30-day (22.4% vs 22.7%; relative risk [RR], 0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.02; p = 0.39; low certainty); hospital readmissions at 30-day (9.8% vs 9.6%; RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.91–1.15; p = 0.71; very low-to-low certainty); or 90-day mortality (2.8% vs 2.6%; RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.95–1.18; p = 0.29; very low-to-low certainty). There were no important differences in the unmatched cohorts or across subgroup analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Very low-to-low certainty evidence from observational studies suggests that DDH from ICU may have no difference in safety outcomes compared with ward transfer of selected ICU patients. In the future, this research question could be further examined by randomized control trials to provide higher certainty data.