Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE AND YIELD OF WHEAT AS INFLUENCED BY INTEGRATED USE OF PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERS

Integrated plant nutrition management (IPNM) approach was followed to study P use efficiency and determine its effect on crop productivity. Phosphorus was applied @ 40 mg kg-1 as mineral fertilizer (single super phosphate, SSP and di-ammonium phosphate, OAP) and as industrial by product (dicalcium phosphate, OCP and filter cake, FC) either alone or after integrating in 2:1 P ratio. Wheat (cv. Inqelab-91) was grown in pots and harvested at vegetative stage and at maturity to estimate P uptake and determine yield. Results showed that phosphorus uptake by plants at pre-booting stage, was higher for SSP compared to all other treatments except OAP. At maturity, however, grain and straw yield from OCP, OAP and SSP was equivalent but significantly higher than FC. Total P uptake from OCP was significantly higher than SSP and FC supplied treatments. Integrated use of fertilizer improved P fertilizer efficiency ranging from 4 to 37% over SSP and resulted in grain yield equivalent to that from OCP, OAP or SSP alone. Thus integrated use of fertilizers could possibly be more economical by replacing some of the expensive SSP with low cost by products.
The Effect of Different Doses of Clomiphen Citrate on Morphology and Proliferation of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells in In-Vitro Culture

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Clomiphene citrate is a drug which used for superovulation in infertile women. Despite increasing oocyte number, its pregnancy rate is low. Endometrial stromal cells have pivotal role in implantation events. The aim of present investigation was to determine the effect of different clomiphene citrate doses on morphology and proliferation of human endometrial stromal cell in in -vitro culture. METHODS: In this experimental study, human endometrial biopsies (n=7) chopped in sterile condition and digested by enzymatic methods (collagenase). Stromal cell harvested after using cell strainer and centrifugation. Their viability and cell number were determined with Trypan blue staining. Stromal cells divided into four groups: control and cases: (1, 5 and 10 µM clomiphene). Control group received DMEM/F12 media supplemental with FBS (5%) and antibiotic and cases groups received same media with one dose of clomiphene citrate. Duration of study was two weeks and cells were photographed at beginning and the end of study. Finally cell collected enzymaticly by tripsin (0.25%) and their viability and cell number were determined. FINDINGS: Morphological changes resembled in control and 1 µM groups and consist of oval cell transformation into large polyclonal fibroblast. 5 and 10µM doses of clomiphene citrate inhibit normal proliferation and morphological changes. There are significant differences between 5 and 10µM with control and 1µM groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Clomiphene citrate showed dose dependant effect on endometrial stromal cell and higher doses inhibit proliferation and morphological changes of these cells.
XPS spectra of water-tree regions in low-density PE

The XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) spectra of water-tree regions in low-density polyethylene are reported. Results shown an increase in the oxygen and nitrogen concentrations in treed regions compared to nontreed regions. Peak fitting of the C1s peak suggests the presence of up to 10% of various combined carbon-oxygen species and another 10% of the C-N species. The source of the C-N species is not certain but may be related to subcorona aging. >
Preparation and Characterization of Poly (1, 3-propylene glycol-hexanedioic acid)-functionalized Carbon Nanotubes

An in situ process was used to prepare poly (1, 3-propylene glycol-hexanedioic acid)-functionalized carbon nanotubes using carboxylate-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, 1, 3-propylene glycol and hexanedioic acid as reactants. The functionalized carbon nanotubes were characterized using transmission electronic microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that the carboxylate-functionalized carbon nanotubes chemically reacted and were linked with the polyester chains. The extent of polycondensation reaction could be controlled by the concentration of the carboxylate-functionalized carbon nanotubes in the reactant mixture. The carboxylate-functionalized carbon nanotubes were surrounded by a polyester matrix with a maximum thickness of approximately 3 nm.
Effect of nitrogen on production of Paspalum atratum on seasonally wet soils in north-east Thailand

Four trials were conducted in north-east Thailand to examine effects of nitrogen fertilisers and cutting frequencies on growth of Paspalum atratum (cvv. Hi-Gane and Ubon) on infertile, low lying, seasonally wet soils. Nitrogen applied at 20 kg/ha every 30 days throughout the wet season, increased dry matter yields by nearly 90% in one trial and over 250% in a second trial. Applying higher rates (40 and 80 kg/ha N) every 30 days increased dry matter yields further but the increase in dry matter per unit of N was reduced. The yield response (kg DM/kg N) from applying nitrogen as urea in the wet season ranged from 18 (480 kg/ha N) up to 69 (120 kg/ha N). However, when nitrogen as NPK fertiliser was applied, the yield response ranged from 120 (94 kg/ha N) up to 150 (47 kg/ha N). Nitrogen rates of 80 kg/ha N every 30 days were required to maintain crude protein concentrations in the whole plant above 7%, but only when the fields were not waterlogged. Cutting every 60 days produced significantly more dry matter than cutting every 30 days but crude protein concentrations were lower. Cow manure alone gave little increase in dry matter yields of P. atratum . When applied at 3‐6 t/ha with a compound fertiliser (N:P:K, 15:15:15) (312 kg/ha), dry matter yields were 35‐40% above yields produced when similar rates of compound fertiliser were applied without cow manure. The implications for farmers are discussed.
Characterization of the Flow Transition between Bubbling and Turbulent Fluidization

A lot of controversy exists in the literature on the actual boundaries of the turbulent regime in gas-solid fluidization. This work shows that this disagreement results from the type of experimental techniques used. It is found that the onset of turbulent fluidization is at U[sub c] and that the velocity U[sub k], which has often been reported in the literature, is an artifact due to the use of differential pressure transducers. Experiments conducted for sand and fluid cracking catalyst (FCC) particles with differential and absolute pressure transducers and with a capacitance probe show that U[sub c] is the velocity at which bubbles and slugs reach their maximum size. At gas superficial velocities higher than U[sub c], the breakup of bubbles increases while the formation and coalescence of these bubbles decrease. The turbulent regime ends at the transport velocity.
Removal of Lead Ion from Aqueous Solutions Using Sawdust Coated by Polyaniline

Polyaniline was synthesized chemically, coated on sawdust via cast method in the form of emeraldine base (EB) from formic acid as solvent, and used as an adsorbent for removal of lead ion or from aqueous solution. The effects of some important chemical and physical factors in removal efficiency have also been investigated. Among the different parameters, the effect of pH was the most prominent. It was found that metal uptake is occurred under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions, while under relatively strong acidic media, the sorption of the investigated metal ions was negligible and desorption is a predominant process. It was found that undoped PANi (EB form) coated on polar substrates such as sawdust (SD) can be used as an effective adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ions in water and wastewater treatments. All the previous investigations and applications take advantage of the electrical conductivity (metallic), electrochemical (redox activity) and electrochromic properties of the polyaniline. While; in this research, we have taken advantage of the chelating properties of PANi for metal sorption.
Antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula fruit extract

An ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula fruit was studied for its antibacterial activity against clinically important standard reference bacterial strains. The antimicrobial susceptibility was screened using the disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the broth microdilution method. The results showed that it was active against both gram-positive and gramnegative bacteria. The T. chebula fruit extract was highly effective against Salmonella typhi SSFP 4S, Staphylococcus epidermidis MTCC 3615, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The MIC was determined as 1 mg/ml for S. typhi. These results indicate that the T. chebula dry fruit possesses a potential broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and a search for the active compound is needed.
Microvascular complications and their association with duration of diabetes and glycemic indices in type 2 diabetes mellitus: An Hospital based study.

Background: The increased incidence of diabetes rapidly globally at an alarming rate. The presence of microvascular complications has been shown to have a negative impact on patient’s quality of life. There are few clinical studies in this direction but most of them lack sufficient power and are focused only towards one specific complication. Subjects and Methods: An observational single arm cross sectional study done in 100 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus in department of medicine, Government Medical College Bharatpur, Rajasthan. Each subject underwent detailed history and complete clinical examination. Diabetes was diagnosed according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) revised criteria. Blood glucose level estimation was done by glucose oxidase method in venous blood. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) was measured by ion-exchange chromatography method. Results: The overall male to female ratio was approx 1:1 in our study. Our study showed that the maximum patients were suffering from retinopathy 12 (66.66%) in more than 10 years duration of diabetes. Mostly patients suffering from diabetic neuropathy 28 (90.32%) were occurred in more than 10 years & 5-10 years of duration of diabetes. Maximum cases of nephropathy 21 (50%) were seen in 5-10 years of duration of diabetes. So proportion of neuropathy, retinopathy & nephropathy significantly increases, when duration of diabetes increased in our results. Conclusion: Duration of diabetes was found to be a main culprit of micro vascular complication. Screening with some simple test such as ECG, fundoscopy, biothesiometer and biochemical tests namely, lipid, protein and fat profile for all cases of diabetes is essential to identify the complications at an early age.
Optimization of the conductivity and yield of chemically synthesized polyaniline using a design of experiments

The electrical conductivity and yield of polyaniline (PANi) were optimized using a design of experiments (DOE). PANi samples were synthesized by the chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline using methane sulfonic acid as the dopant acid and ammonium persulfate as the oxidant. The main factors in the synthesis of PANi that can affect the conductivity were identified as (i) the concentration of dopant acid, (ii) oxidant-to-monomer ratio, and (iii) the addition rate of oxidant to monomer. Using a Box-Behnken DOE method the regression equation, main effects plots, contour plots, and optimization plots for conductivity and yield were generated and analyzed. Under the optimized conditions of dopant acid concentration of 0.9M, an oxidant addition rate of 30 mL/h and an OM ratio of 0.9, PANi with a conductivity of 1.95 S/cm and yield of 95% was obtained. The observed trends in the four-point probe conductivity measurements were correlated with the polymer structure using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction studies, and scanning electron microscopy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1047-1057, 2013
Diesel Particle Size Distribution Estimation from Digital Image Analysis

One of the most serious problems associated with Diesel engines is pollutant emissions, specially nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. However, although current emissions standards in Europe and America with regard to light vehicles and heavy duty engines refer to the particulate limit in mass units, there has been increasing concern of late to know the size and number of particles emitted by engines. This interest has been promoted by the latest studies about the harmful effects of particles on health and is enhanced by recent changes in internal combustion engine technology. This study is focused on the implementation of a method to determine the particle size distribution that could be appropriate for the current methodology of vehicle certification in Europe. This method uses an automated Digital Image Analysis Algorithm (DIAA) to determine particle size trends from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of filters charged in a partial dilution system used for measuring specific particulate emissions. The experimental work was performed on a stationary electric generation direct injection Diesel engine with 0.5 MW (671 hp) rated power, which is considered as a typical engine in middle power industries. Particulate size distributions obtained using DIAA were compared with distributions obtained using an Optical Particle Counter (OC) and a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), the latter currently considered as the most reliable technique. Although the number concentration detected by this method does not represent the real flowing particle concentration, the algorithm gives a fair reproduction of the trends observed with on-line techniques (SMPS and OC) when the engine load is varied.
Crystal structures and magnetic properties of mercury(II) bromide complexes with pyridyl-substituted N-oxyl N′-oxides (nitronyl nitroxides)

The crystal structures have been determined and magnetic properties investigated for four novel HgBr2 complexes with pyridyl-substituted ‘nitronyl nitroxides’, 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-pyridyl)-(L1), -2-(2-pyridyl)-(L2), -2-(3-pyridyl)-(L3) and -2-(6-methyl-2-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline N 1-oxyl N 3-oxide (L4). Complex 1, [HgBr2L1], is mononuclear, in which mercury(II) has planar trigonal co-ordination core, from two bromide atoms and one nitrogen atom of the pyridyl group. In 2, [HgBr2L2] the HgII atom has distorted-tetrahedral four co-ordination involving two bromide atoms and chelating by oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the L2 ligand. Complex 3, [(HgBr)3L32], is a zigzag polymeric chain with a distorted T-shaped HgBr2L3 unit and self-assembly involving co-ordination by an oxygen atom of the nitroxide groups. Complex 4, [(HgBr2)3L42], is a quasi-linear chain with HgBr2L4 moieties and HgBr2 cores. Cryomagnetic susceptibility measurements (4–300 K) showed that 1 and 3 exhibit a weak intermolecular alternating one-dimensional antiferromagnetic exchange interaction, while 3 and 4 possess weak one-dimensional antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic exchange interactions respectively. A simple spin-polarization model has been used to justify the observed ferromagnetic exchange interaction between the spins of the radical NO group in complex 4.
Determination of trace elements in pumpkin seed oils and pumpkin seeds by ICP-AES

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used for the determination of the elements present in pumpkin seed oil and pumpkin seeds. After extraction of the oil from pumpkin seeds a residue was obtained. For the determination of elements three types of samples were used: oil, seeds and the residue (after oil extraction). Three different digestion types were applied: open vessel and closed vessel digestion in a steel bomb as well as microwave digestion in a closed system. For most elements of interest the measured concentration differs depending on the digestion method used. After microwave digestion a good reproducibility for ICP-AES measurements for all elements was found. Determination of Zn by ICP-AES is possible both after open and closed vessel digestion (steel bomb or microwave digestion). No loss of volatile compounds in pumpkin oil during preparation or microwave digestion prior to ICP-AES analysis could be observed. In general, the recoveries for all elements in pumpkin seed oils and seeds were >95%, for S only they were 0.8 µg g−1 for Al, Cr and P in pumpkin oil samples.
Porous calcium carbonate microparticles as templates for encapsulation of bioactive compounds

The paper describes the preparation and characterisation of porous calcium carbonate microparticles with an average size of 5 µm and their use for encapsulation of biomacromolecules. The average pore size of about 30–50 nm enables size selective and time-dependent permeation of different macromolecules. Layer-by-layer adsorption of polyelectrolytes into these particles followed by core dissolution leads to formation of interconnecting networks (matrix-like structure) made of polyelectrolyte complexes. The structure can be used for accumulation of bio-macromolecules, mainly proteins. Besides the inter-polyelectrolyte structure templated on porous CaCO3 microparticles the microgel particles (“ghost”) can also be made inside by complexing alginate and calcium. The adsorption of biomacromolecules inside the porous calcium carbonate particles is presumably regulated by electrostatic interactions on the microparticle surface within pores and protein–protein interactions. Protein adsorption into CaCO3 microparticle voids together with layer-by-layer assembly of biopolymers provide a way for fabrication of completely biocompatible microcapsules envisaging their use as biomaterials.
On the Curie points and high temperature susceptibilities of Heisenberg model ferromagnetics

The first six coefficients in the expansion of the susceptibility χ, and its inverse, χ −1, in ascending powers of the reciprocal temperature, have been determined for the Heisenberg model of a ferromagnetic, for any spin value, S, and any lattice. The first five coefficients appropriate to the magnetic specific heat, C, have also been found. For the body-centred and face-centred cubic lattices, the χ and C coefficients are tabulated for half-integral S from 1/2 to 3. From these coefficients estimates have been made of the reduced Curie temperatures, θs c= k T c/J. It is found that for the simple, body-centred and face-centred cubic lattices the formula reproduces the estimated Curie temperatures fairly accurately. Here X=S(S+1) and z is the lattice coordination-number. It is found that, suitably scaled, the theoretical curves for inverse susceptibility against temperature above the Curie point are rather insensitive to the spin value and to the precise lattice structure. The ratio of their initial to the.
3-D simulations of an internal airlift loop reactor using a steady two-fluid model

Three-dimensional (3-D) simulations of an internal airlift loop reactor in a cylindrical reference frame are presented, which are based on a two-fluid model with a revised k-epsilon turbulence model for two-phase bubbly flow. A steady state formulation is used with the purpose of time saving for cases with superficial gas velocity values as high as 0.12 m/s. Special 3-D treatment of the boundary conditions at the axis is undertaken to allow asymmetric gas-liquid flow. The simulation results are compared to the experimental data on average gas holdup, average liquid velocity in the riser and the downcomer, and good agreement is observed. The turbulent dispersion in the present two-fluid model has a strong effect on the gas holdup distribution and wall-peaking behavior is predicted. The CFD code developed has the potential to be applied as a tool for scaling up loop reactors.
SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS POTENTIALLY ASSOCIATED WITH BEANY AROMA IN FOODS

Abstract Smoky aroma can either enhance sensory quality of foods (e.g. meat or cheese) or be detrimental to the product (e.g. raw or processed grains and grain products). Twenty-one chemical compounds suggested from the literature or from gas chromatographic headspace analysis of raw grains as potentially responsible for smoky aroma were studied. Five highly trianed sensory panelists smelled each compound dissolved in propylene glycol (if soluble) at a dilution of 5,000 to 20,000 ppm depending on the aroma strength of the compound. Approximately 60% of the compounds were found to have some smoke character, although the intensity of smokiness often was low. Some compounds such as benzyl disulfide and 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenoic acid were predominately smoky, but had other aroma characteristics that were lower in intensity. Most compounds had other aroma characteristics that were more intense than smoke (e.g. 2-ethylpyridine) and some compounds, such as 1-methylpyrrole were not smoky at all.
Collagen‐based wound dressing for doxycycline delivery: in‐vivo evaluation in an infected excisional wound model in rats

Objectives A novel collagen‐based dressing consisting of 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic‐acid‐modified gelatin microspheres loaded with doxycycline has previously been reported to address both infection and matrix degradation. In the present study the potential benefits of the dressing were investigated in an excisional wound model in rats challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Heavy metals (Cd, Pb) and trace elements (Cu, Zn) contents in some foodstuffs from the Egyptian market

Determination of heavy metals; cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) as well as trace elements; copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) contents in legumes, cereals, cereal products and fried potatoes purchased from the Egyptian market were carried out using atomic absorption spectrometry. The heavy metal amounts detected in legumes ranged from 0.010 to 0.178 mg.kg-1 of Cd and 0.013 to 0.281 mg.kg-1 of Pb. However, the trace elements ranged from 2.839 to 8.012 mg.kg-1 of Cu, and 6.111 to 15.861 mg.kg-1 of Zn. In the case of cereals, they ranged from 0.091 to 0.142 mg.kg-1 of Cd, 0.116 to 0.398 mg.kg-1 of Pb, 0.241 to 1.962 mg.kg-1 of Cu, and 4.893 to 15.450 mg.kg-1 of Zn. The highest values of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in cereal products were observed in popcorn (0.194 mg.kg-1), pasta (0.299 mg.kg-1), salted biscuits (1.386 mg.kg-1) and pizza crust (13.70 mg.kg-1), respectively. Fried potatoes content of the studied metals were found to be ranged from 0.054 to 0.10 of Cd, 0.065 to 0.159 of Pb, 1.626 to 1.992 of Cu and 3.837 to 6.844 mg.kg-1 of Zn. Overall, the present study showed that the levels of Cu and Zn are generally below the permissible levels. However, the levels of Pb in broad beans, common bean, lupine, fenugreek, rice, wheat,spaghetti and pasta were found to be above the permissible levels. On the other hand, Cdlevels found in most samples were above the acceptable levels as established by the regulatory organizations. The levels compare well with those reported for similar foodstuffsfrom some other parts of the world.