Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between bad oral habits, signs, and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders among Saudi population: A cross-sectional study

Background: According to the American Dental Association, temporomandibular disorders (TMD) refer to a group of disorders characterised by pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the periauricular area, or the muscles of mastication. TMJ noise/sounds, and any deviations or restriction during jaw movements. Many oral habits are common and usually do not harm the TMJ and associated structures. However, these habits may result in TMJ disorders, if the activity goes beyond someone's physiological tolerance. The causes of degenerative changes of TMJ are believed to be multifactorial and controversial too. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of oral habits and its relationship with temporomandibular disorders in the Saudi population of Taif city. Materials and Methods: This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to July 2021 at Taif city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The Arabic version of a standardized questionnaire (recommended by the American Academy of Orofacial Pain) was used and distributed randomly among 441 citizens of Taif city. Results: Our study showed that many respondents had different TMJ disorders, such as pain during eating, sound in jaw joint, pain around ear, temples, and cheek, headache and neck pain, change in bite, and pain during opening and closing of the mouth. On the other hand, many respondents answered that they had TMD, pain associated with nail biting/object biting, lip biting, clenching teeth, and chewing gum. Conclusion: In the present study, a relationship between harmful oral habits and the development of signs and symptoms of TMDs among adolescents who lived in Taif city, KSA was noted. In the present study, no clinical examinations were conducted and only consisted of closed-ended questions, all of which may have a lower the validity rate. An effort was made to overcome these limitations by using a well-designed standardized questionnaire by the American Academy of the Orofacial Pain. We conclude that further studies are required and using of clinical examination to measure the severity of the signs and symptoms for better understanding the association of oral habits with TMJ disorders.
Excitation of interstellar C/sub 2/

A theory is developed to describe the excitation of the diatomic carbon moelcule in interstellar clouds. The probabilities of quadrupole transitions within the ground state and of intercombination transitions between levels of the lowest triplet and singlet states are computed. The populations of excited rotational levels can be used as a diagnostic probe of local temperature, density, and strength of the radiation field, although all three parameters cannot usually be determined from C/sub 2/ data alone. Calculated rotational populations are presented for a range of physical conditions and are used to interpret existing interstellar absorption line observations of C/sub 2/. Because of the competition between radiative and collisional excitation processes, the rotational excitation temperature tends not to be a good measure of kinetic temperature. An unusual radio frequency spectrum of C/sub 2/ is predicted.
Fusion enhancement in the {sup 32,38}S+{sup 181}Ta reaction

We measured the capture-fission excitation functions for the {sup 32}S+{sup 181}Ta reaction and the {sup 38}S+{sup 181}Ta reaction. (The radioactive {sup 38}S beam was produced by projectile fragmentation.) In the {sup 32}S-induced reaction, an incomplete fusion component was observed at high energies, with an average linear momentum transfer corresponding to the escape of an {alpha} particle. The deduced interaction barrier heights were 130.7{+-}0.3 and 124.8{+-}0.3 MeV for the {sup 32}S- and {sup 38}S-induced reactions, respectively. No differences between the two reactions were observed beyond a simple shift in the interaction barrier height.
Reply to “Comment on ‘Merging of the α and β relaxations in polybutadiene: A neutron spin echo and dielectric study’ ”

on conclude that the procedure followed by us for analyzing data of glass-forming polymers, which is based on a Williams-like ansatz, is not suited for the merging region of the (cid:97) and (cid:98) dielectric processes. They claim that a simple addition ansatz is the correct procedure. In this Reply, by considering new dielectric data of six different polymers, we show that our procedure seems to be certainly suitable for describing the merging region without any ad hoc assumption. Moreover, we also show that an unbiased application of the addition ansatz in fact gives support to the procedure followed by us. S1063-651X
Households’ participation in agri-food based livelihoods: Insights from urban and peri-urban contexts of Tanzania

Abstract Agri-food systems are receiving increased attention globally and more so in the regions like sub-Saharan Africa, owing to a confluence of forces such as population growth, urbanization, migration, and climate change. These ongoing dynamics have considerable transformational implications on the present and future forms of agri-food systems and associated livelihoods. However, empirical evidence on the nature of agri-food-based livelihoods and associated patterns of engagement of households has not kept pace with these dynamics. Using household-level data from a sample of urban and peri-urban households, this study employs descriptive and econometric analyses to assess household participation in agri-food-based livelihood activities. Results illustrate that agri-food systems are a fundamental source of livelihood. A sizable proportion of households is engaged in agriculture (mainly cultivation of permanent and vegetable crops and livestock keeping) reflecting the continued importance of urban and peri-urban agriculture. Results also show that food vending is an important livelihood activity for most households residing in urban areas. Only a relatively small proportion of households participate in processing of agri-produce and transportation. Importantly, the results reveal that agri-food-based livelihood activities in urban and peri-urban settings are far more relied upon by households in lower-income brackets, underscoring the critical role that agri-food system plays enhancing livelihoods of the majority of the urban poor. These findings underline the need for policy and other interventions to prioritize efforts aiming at facilitating an “enabling environment” that fosters inclusive and sustainable agri-food-based livelihoods through, among others, enhancing governance of these activities.
ON PARABOLIC AND UMBILIC POINTS OF IMMERSED HYPERSURFACES

Introduction. This paper is a natural sequel to Geometry of immersions. I and II ([1] and [2]). The object is to apply the general geometric singularity theory developed in [1] and [2] to two specific geometric singularities of an immersed n manifold in R'+ll. These applications differ from those at the end of [2] as they involve a more detailed study of the singularity in question which sharpens the information given by the general theory. In ? 1 we review much of the necessary information from [1] and [2]. In ? 2 we set up the machinery for studying the parabolic points of an immersion of a compact n-manifold into R+1 as a type of singularity of the osculating map (a refinement of the 2-jet). We also apply the main theory in ? 2. 3 refines the results of ? 2, especially in the case n = 2. In ? 4 and ? 5 we repeat the same process for umbilic points. We will close by illustrating how we proceed in the case of the umbilic points. Let X be a compact 2-dimensional manifold. Let I(X, R3) be the set of immersions of X in R3. Let fe I(X, R3). We ask when if ever is the set of umbilics (points where the two principal curvatures are equal) a submanifold of codimension two, and if it is a submanifold in a particularly "nice" way, we ask how many umbilics there are. An application of the two main theorems [1] and [2] (and ? 1) gives the following answer. For an open dense subset D, of I(X, R3), the number of umbilic points is even. This is roughly the content of ? 4. In ? 5 the transversality condition of "niceness" is studied in detail and is related to the index of an isolated umbilic point. The main result is: iff E Du then the index of an umbilic point of f is + 1, and therefore the number of umbilic points off is greater than or equal to 21x(X) where x(X) is the Euler characteristic. A more complete outline of these ideas is found in the last sections of [3]. The material in ? 2 and ? 4 was contained in the author's doctoral dissertation at Columbia University. 3 and ? 5 are new. Finally, in addition to the people thanked in [1] and [2], I would like to thank J. Milnor for suggesting that 5.6 might be true.
Effect of Economic Growth, Inflation and Decent Living Needs on Provincial Minimum Wages in Kalimantan Island

This study aims to analyze the effect of the variables of economic growth, inflation, decent living needs partially and simultaneously on the Provincial Minimum Wage in Kalimantan Island in 2010-2019. The data in this study uses secondary data sourced from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis of panel data with the Eviews program. The results of this study indicate that economic growth has a negative and insignificant effect on the Provincial Minimum Wage in Kalimantan Island, inflation has a negative and significant effect on the Provincial Minimum Wage on Kalimantan Island, the need for decent living has a positive and significant effect on the Provincial Minimum Wage on Kalimantan Island and the need for decent living is the most dominant factor influencing the provincialminimum wage on the island of Kalimantan and the results of the study This shows that economic growth, inflation and the need for decent living simultaneously or jointly affect the Provincial Minimum Wage on the island of Kalimantan.
Conservation properties of a time FE method. Part IV: Higher order energy and momentum conserving schemes

In the present paper a systematic development of higher order accurate time stepping schemes which exactly conserve total energy as well as momentum maps of underlying finite‐dimensional Hamiltonian systems with symmetry is shown. The result of this development is the enhanced Galerkin (eG) finite element method in time. The conservation of the eG method is generally related to its collocation property. Total energy conservation, in particular, is obtained by a new projection technique. The eG method is, moreover, based on objective time discretization of the used strain measure. This paper is concerned with particle dynamics and semi‐discrete non‐linear elastodynamics. The related numerical examples show good performance in presence of stiffness as well as for calculating large‐strain motions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Projection Effects on Physical Parameters Obtained from Solar Vector Magnetograms

Projection effects in Huairou solar vector magnetograms are corrected by transferring or mapping the observed vector magnetogram in the image plane to the heliographic plane (planar correction) and to the heliospheric coordinate system (spherical correction). The magnetograms after the correction are considerably different. The planar correction and the spherical correction lead to slightly different magnetic configurations, especially when the active region involved is far from the disk center. We also discuss the effects of the corrections on magnetic activity parameters, such as magnetic shear, current helicity, etc. It is shown that the neutral line is obviously distorted after the mapping. The mapping generally decreases the average shear angle on the neutral line by several degrees when the active region is in the eastern hemisphere, and increases it when in the western hemisphere. In most of the cases studied, the correction reduces the current helicity imbalance, and sometimes even changes its sign. It is found that the current helicity imbalance may change its sign in its evolution when there are apparent fluxes emerging from the lower photosphere. The corrections increase the noise level of B-z greatly, and decrease the noise level of B-t slightly. The accuracy of the magnetic field measurement at Huairou is estimated to be better than 20 G and 150 G for the longitudinal and the transverse component, respectively.
Discrimination between Winter Precipitation Types Based on Spectral-Bin Microphysical Modeling

AbstractA new approach for distinguishing precipitation types at the surface, the spectral bin classifier (SBC), is presented. This algorithm diagnoses six categories of precipitation: rain (RA), snow (SN), a rain–snow mix (RASN), freezing rain (FZRA), ice pellets (PL), and a freezing rain–ice pellet mix (FZRAPL). It works by calculating the liquid-water fraction fw for a spectrum of falling hydrometeors given a prescribed temperature T and relative humidity profile. Demonstrations of the SBC output show that it provides reasonable estimates of fw of various-sized hydrometeors for the different categories of precipitation. The SBC also faithfully represents the horizontal distribution of precipitation type inasmuch as the model analyses and surface observations are consistent with each other. When applied to a collection of observed soundings associated with RA, SN, FZRA, and PL, the classifier has probabilities of detection (PODs) that range from 62.4% to 98.3%. The PODs do decrease when the effects of m.
Influence of atomic physics on EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations of JET divertor detachment with carbon and beryllium/tungsten plasma-facing components

The EDGE2D-EIRENE code is applied for simulation of divertor detachment during matched density ramp experiments in high triangularity, L-mode plasmas in both JET-Carbon (JET-C) and JET-ITER-Like Wall (JET-ILW). The code runs without drifts and includes either C or Be as impurity, but not W, assuming that the W targets have been coated with Be via main chamber migration. The simulations reproduce reasonably well the observed particle flux detachment as density is raised in both JET-C and JET-ILW experiments and can better match the experimental in-out divertor target power asymmetry if the heat flux entering the outer divertor is artificially set at around 2–3 times that entering the inner divertor. A careful comparison between different sets of atomic physics processes used in EIRENE shows that the detachment modelled by EDGE2D-EIRENE relies only on an increase of the particle sinks and not on a decrease of the ionization source. For the rollover and the beginning of the partially detached phase, the particle losses by perpendicular transport and the molecular activated recombination processes are mainly involved. For a deeper detachment with significant target ion flux reduction, volume recombination appears to be the main contributor. The elastic molecule-ion collisions are also important to provide good neutral confinement in the divertor and thus stabilize the simulations at low electron temperature (Te), when the sink terms are strong. Comparison between EDGE2D-EIRENE and SOLPS4.3 simulations of the density ramp in C shows similar detachment trends, but the importance of the elastic ion-molecule collisions is reduced in SOLPS4.3. Both codes suggest that any process capable of increasing the neutral confinement in the divertor should help to improve the modelling of the detachment. A further outcome of this work has been to demonstrate that key JET divertor diagnostic signals—Langmuir probe Te and bolometric tomographic reconstructions—are running beyond the limit of validity in high recycling and detached conditions and cannot be reliably used for code validation. The simulations do, however, reproduce the trend of the evolution of the line integrated bolometer chord measurements. The comparison between the code results and high-n Balmer line radiation intensity profiles confirms that a strong volume recombination is present during the experimental detachment and may play a role in this process, as suggested by the code.
Evaluation of Low Yielding Vines of Thompson Seedless for Nutrient Indices By Dris Analysis

Beaufils’ Diagnosis and Recommendation Intergrated System (DR1S) was employed to assess the nutrient imbalaces in relation to poor yields in Thompson Seedless vine plots receiving varying levels of N and K2O. Bloom time petiole nutrient contents of 32 plots of two vines each yielding more than 20 kg/vine were used to develop norms to evolve the nutrient indices of seven plots yielding less than 15 kg/vine. Low K and high P indices were associated with low yielding ones. The non-bearing of P index and the synergistic bearing of Mg and N indices with that of K on fruit yield are discussed.
On Russo's Approximate Zero-One Law

Consider the product measure μ p on {0, 1} n , when 0 (resp. 1) is given weight 1-p (resp. p). Consider a monotone subset A of {0, 1} n . We give a precise quantitative form to the following statement: if A does not depend much on any given coordinate, dμ p (A)/dp is large. Thus, in that case, there is a threshold effect and μ p (A) jumps from near 0 to near 1 in a small interval
Suitability of rubberised oil palm shell layers to stabilise concrete block pavement systems

ABSTRACT This study focuses on evaluating the response of concrete block pavement (CBP) reinforced with rubberised oil palm shell (ROPS) layers when subjected to vehicular loads using laboratory experiments and finite element (FE) simulations. The key parameters considered in this study are the sand bed thickness, oil palm content in ROPS layers, embedment depth of ROPS layers, and vehicle velocity. The dynamic loads due to the vehicular movement were generated using a real-time road unevenness signal. Outcomes from the lab-scale 1g experiments and FE simulations were expressed as displacement and acceleration responses in the frequency domain. CBP sections with sand bed thicknesses of 10mm and 70mm were found to yield high surface deflection and acceleration values, both with and without ROPS reinforcements. CBPs reinforced with the ROPS layer having 20% OPS content demonstrate the best performance compared to ROPS layers made with 5% and 10% OPS contents. Further simulations show that the ROPS layers at an optimum embedment depth of 180mm from the surface in the CBP profile can significantly reduce the unacceptable levels of vibration. To this end, this preliminary research attempts the possible reengineering of oil palm shells and ascertains the suitability of ROPS reinforcements in stabilising CBP−soil systems.
Cross-cultural Research of the Perceived Risk During the COVID-19 Pandemic

One of the essential aspects in analyzing the topic of managing people's risk behavior in extreme situations is related to the issue of risk perception. The subject of this study was to reveal whether certain factors, such as cultural context, gender, age, education, religious beliefs, etc., mediate the perceived risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted online from April to June 2020. The two samples included a total of 2617 participants aged between 18 and 70 years, where 1412 of which were drawn from Asia and 1205 were representatives of Europe. Participants were asked to complete an internet-based version of a short questionnaire that described the COVID-19 pandemic situation, as one of the questions referred to the hazard perception of the infection. Results obtained showed that there was a higher level of perceived risk among members of the Asian culture group in comparison with the European study participants. Furthermore, it was revealed that gender is not a significant factor in the perception of risk in either the European or the Asian cultural group (p> 0.05). The results showed that levels of the perceived risk increased with age and that there were significant differences between young and old in threat perception for the European sample (p<0.001). Regarding the Asian sample, it turned out that all age groups perceive the risk of infection almost equally. Several demographic characteristics also emerged as important mediators of risk perception. For example, people with the lowest education, married, religious, and families with children fear the hazard of COVID-19 infection to the greatest extent, compared to people with the highest education, singles, atheists, and families without children, who do not perceive the virus as a high-risk factor.
Enterprise Size Impact on the ERP System Implementation

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems belong to the prevalent issues of contemporary business management. Many enterprises implement ERP systems to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of business processes. Thus, only a few research works have investigated the effects of the context factor enterprise size on ERP systems. The present article addresses this research gap and examines the impact of the context factor enterprise size on the ERP system implementation. The research results show a positive correlation between the context factor enterprise size and the ERP system implementation.
Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of The Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs) In Chilean University Students

Introduction: Social networks can harm university students' mental health; therefore, it is urgent to have valid instruments to measure new phenomena such as FoMO. Objective: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs) in a sample of Chilean university students. Methods: Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were carried out and estimated using the Weighted Leasts Square Means and Variance (WLSMV). Results: The FoMOs evaluation had an internal consistency of 0.863 (Cronbach's Alpha). The con-firmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed two factors and good indicators: CFI = 0.991, TLI = 0.987, and an RMSEA of 0.054. Conclusion: The FoMOs is a good instrument for measuring the fear of missing out in the Chilean University population.
The influence of Website and Facebook on private Universities' image in Riau Province (Public Relations Cyber Activity Survey)

In modern era, the utilization of digital channel for updated information technologies is highly preferable to accelerate receiving information. Including Public Relations (PR) of Private Universities trough digital channel shapping an image to attracing new prospective student. The aims of study, to determine the effect of PR activity (content, outreach) on cyber for shaping the image of private universities in Riau Province. This study employed a quantitative method. The data were collected through observation and questionnaires. Then, the data were analyzed by using a simple linear regression method. There are 8 sampels selected private universities in Riau Province have been surveyed on PR activities on the website and facebook. The hypothesis test revealed that t count ≥ t table or 17,246 ≥ 0.098, meaning that there is a significant influence between PR activity on cyber platforms to shaping image of private universities in Riau Province. With, correlation coefficient test found that the correlation value is 0.654 or 65.4% is in the product-moment coefficient interval range of 0.60-0.89 which proves that there is a strong relationship between variables. Then the coefficient value found in the processed research data, the value of determination (R Square) is 0.428, this describe that the influence of the PR variable (X) on the image of private universities (Y) is 42.8%. But, the present study also suggest note 6 out 8 sampels has slow responses to students feedback on web mailing-system. Keyword : Digital, Public Relation, Private University, Riau