Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design, synthesis and in vivo evaluation of 3-arylcoumarin derivatives of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes as potent antibacterial agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

We have prepared a series of ten 3-arylcoumarin molecules, their respective fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)L]+ and fac-[Re(CO)3(L⁀L)Br] complexes and tested all compounds for their antimicrobial efficacy. Whereas the 3-arylcoumarin ligands are virtually inactive against the human-associated pathogens with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) > 150 μM, when coordinated to the fac-[Re(CO)3]+ core, most of the resulting complexes showed remarkable antibacterial potency. Several rhenium complexes exhibit activity in nanomolar concentrations against Gram-positive pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus strains, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Enterococcus faecium. The molecules do not affect bacterial cell membrane potential, but some of the most potent complexes strongly interact with DNA, indicating it as a possible target for their mode of action. In vivo studies in the zebrafish model showed that the complexes with anti-staphylococcal/MRSA activity were non-toxic to the organism even at much higher doses of the corresponding MICs. In the zebrafish-MRSA infection model, the complexes increased the survival rate of infected fish up to 100% and markedly reduced bacterial burden. Moreover, all rescued fish developed normally following the treatments with the metallic compounds.
Continental‐scale diversification patterns in a megadiverse genus: the biogeography of Neotropical Begonia

The origin of Neotropical hyperdiversity is one of the most intriguing questions in modern biogeography and is best answered through the investigation of large, pantropically distributed genera, allowing the comparison of closely related clades in different regions. We produced a dated phylogeny and reconstructed ancestral ranges of the megadiverse, Andean‐centred genus Begonia to discern its dispersal history throughout the Neotropics and correlates of range evolution. Neotropical and Palaeotropical diversification rates were estimated.
Diel habitat shifts of macrofauna in a fishless pond

Most studies of pond animals are undertaken during the daytime, despite evidence that many pond organisms demonstrate marked nocturnal changes in behaviour. Nocturnal studies of animals in fishless ponds are particularly rare, probably because diel changes in aquatic animal behaviour are often found to be a response to visual predation by fish. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) to detect patterns of similarity in the community composition of macroinvertebrates and amphibians in samples taken from vegetated and unvegetated areas during the day and night in a fishless Vermont pond. We tested the hypotheses that (i) macrofaunal activity increased at night near the pond surface, and (ii) horizontal movement of the pond community was occurring on a diel cycle. At night, many taxa were more abundant in the surface waters and the community showed a general habitat expansion or shift from the littoral zone towards the edge and central waters. Our results challenge the assumptions that one would make about pond animal habitat use and interactions based solely on daytime studies. Even in fishless systems, where diel changes are unexpected, habitat use and behaviour might change at night and affect the strength and variety of species interactions.
Advanced Microtexture Study of Anacardium occidentale L. Leaf Surface From the Amazon by Fractal Theory

Abstract This work applies stereometric parameters and fractal theory to characterize the structural complexity of the 3D surface roughness of Anacardium occidentale L. leaf using atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Surface roughness was studied by AFM in tapping mode, in air, on square areas of 6,400 and 10,000 μm2. The stereometric analyses using MountainsMap Premium and WSXM software provided detailed information on the 3D surface topography of the samples. These data showed that the morphology of the abaxial and adaxial side of the cashew leaf is different, which was also observed in relation to their microtextures. Fractal analysis showed that the adaxial and abaxial sides have strong microtexture homogeneity, but the adaxial side presented higher surface entropy. These results show that image processing associated with fractal theory can be an indispensable tool for identifying plant species by their leaves because this species has singularities on each side of the leaf.
An Exploratory Analysis of the Role of Religion in Colorectal Cancer Screening among Safety-Net Clinic Patients

Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence among low income populations is disproportionate when compared to the general population. Cancer screening studies show religion as a potentially influential factor in individual screening. The present study was an exploratory analysis of religious involvement (RI) among older safety-net clinic patients who participated in 90-day follow up calls during an intervention trial. Results show RI among participants (n = 185) did not significantly predict nor was associated with screening for CRC (OR = 1.36, p = 0.35). The percentage of participants that self-identified as being highly religious differed across racial/ethnic groups (25% of Non-Hispanic Whites, 22% of Hispanics were highly religious when compared to 52% of Non-Hispanic Blacks). These findings raise questions about the use of religious appeals as part of health promotion for CRC screening and religious involvement among low-income patient populations. Varied religious beliefs across groups suggest while there may be room for including religion in CRC screening promotion targeted to some patients from low income groups, this appeal would not be suitable for other low-income patient sub-populations.
Laboratory studies of gregarious settlement in Balanus balanoides and Elminius modestus in relation to competition between these species

Settlement behaviour of barnacle cyprids has been investigated extensively. There are two opposing tendencies. The cyprids settle gregariously over distances of several centimetres (Knight-Jones, 1953a, b; Knight-Jones & Stevenson, 1950; Knight-Jones & Crisp, 1953; Crisp & Meadows, 1962,1963). However, at closer range of a few millimetres they tend to space themselves out (Crisp, 1961; Knight-Jones & Moyse, 1961).
Molecular and morphological characterisation of new species in the trapdoor spider genus Aname (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Nemesiidae) from the Pilbara bioregion of Western Australia

A study of selected species in the nemesiid spider genus Aname L. Koch, 1873 from the Pilbara bioregion of Western Australia was undertaken using molecular and morphological techniques. Bayesian and parsimony analyses of mitochondrial sequence data from the Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene found evidence for four species, confirming our initial morphological examination of adult male specimens. These four species are here described as A. mellosa n. sp. , A. aragog n. sp. , A. ellenae n. sp. and A. marae n. sp. Only the female of A. mellosa n. sp. is described.
YIELD AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF SUMMER- AND FALL-GROWN FORAGE Brassica CROPS

A series of experiments was conducted in which summer- and fall-grown Brassica species were evaluated for production of dry matter and nutritive value. Species that possessed edible roots produced the highest yields of dry matter and estimated digestible energy in either season. Summer totals were higher than fall totals. Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) root yields were greater and contributed more to total dry matter yields than either swede (Brassica napus L.) or a Brassica hybrid, Tyfon [Brassica rapa L. × Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. ]. In all species, dry matter content of herbage was low (65–175 g kg−1), while digestibility values were high (> 840 g kg−1). Concentrations of neutral-detergent and acid-detergent fiber, acid-detergent lignin, and hemicellulose were generally higher in summer-grown species than in fall-grown species. Based on fiber values, digestible energy content of the foliage and roots was estimated and the values of all species were 12 MJ kg−1 or greater. Seasonal differences in herb.
Der Fe(III)‐Reduktionstest ‐ ein einfaches Verfahren zur Abschätzung der Wirkung von Umweltchemikalien auf die mikrobielle Aktivität in Böden

Ein neuentwickelter, einfacher Mikroorganismentest wird beschrieben. In wassergesattigten Bodenproben findet nach Zugabe gestaffelter Schadstoffmengen eine unterschiedlich starke Ausbildung reduzierender Bedingungen statt, die durch das Ausmas der mikrobiellen Reduktion von leicht reduzierbaren Fe(III)-Oxiden (Ferrihydrite) zu loslichen Fe2+-Ionen nach einer Inkubationszeit von funf Tagen quantitativ erfast werden kann. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Versuchsparameter fur die Durchfuhrung des Fe(III)-Reduktionstestes sowie dessen Reproduzierbarkeit und methodische Grenzen in der Anwendbarkeit werden aufgezeigt. Aus den gewonnenen Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehungen konnen graphisch als Grenzwerte fur die untersuchten Chemikalien die Konzentrationsbereiche ermittelt werden, die in Bodenproben zu keiner Hemmung der mikrobiellen Aktivitat (Non-Effect-Level, NEL) sowie zu einer 50%-igen Aktivitatsverminderung (ED50) fuhren. Die Anwendungsmoglichkeiten des Testverfahrens werden anhand einiger Versuchsergebnisse fur 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, LAS, Cd und Hg dargestellt. Wie erste Ergebnisse zeigen, wird die Wirksamkeit der Chemikalien neben deren spezifischer Toxizitat im wesentlichen durch das Adsorptionsvermogen der Boden bestimmt. Weitere Faktoren konnen eine Schadwirkung zum Teil betrachtlich mit beeinflussen, wie z. B. die Relation von Schad- zu Nahrstoffen in der Bodenlosung und dadurch bedingte Konkurrenzeffekte bzw. antagonistische oder synergistische Wirkungen bei der Aufnahme wie auch bei physiologischen Vorgangen in den Organismen. The Fe(III)-reduction test - a simple procedure to determine the effects of environmental chemicals on the microbial activity in soils A new simple microorganism test is described. The test is based on the fact that the degree of microbial reduction in waterlogged soils is influenced by the addition of different amounts of toxic chemicals. The microbial activity under reducing conditions can be measured by the degree of the microbial reduction of easily reducable Fe(III)-oxides (ferrihydrites) to soluble Fe2+-ions. The influence of different test parameters, the reproducibility and limitations of the proposed test are described. Toxicity indices of the investigated chemicals are derived graphically from the resulting dose effect curves. Values are determined for those concentrations which cause no (Non Effect Level, NEL) and a 50%-inhibition (ED50) of the microbial activity in soil samples. By representing some results for 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, LAS, Cd and Hg the scope of the test is described. First results show that the effective toxicity of chemicals is strongly influenced by the adsorption capacity of the soils. Furthermore the relation of toxic substances to nutrients in the soil solution causing competition or antagonistic and synergistic effects during uptake and also within the organisms can substantially influence the toxicity of chemicals.
Cattle diet selection during the hot-dry season in a semi-arid region of Namibia

The northern Kalahari Desert is dominated by Terminalia sericea savanna woodland and a sparse herbaceous layer. Range ecologists regard T. sericea as a major encroaching species and that such encroachment represents a cost to cattle production. In contrast, pastoralists regard this woody species as an important component of cattle diet, particularly during the hot-dry season or during drought. In this study, free-ranging cattle were observed during the peak of the pre-rain flushing period of deciduous plants during the hot-dry seasons of 2001 and 2002. Diet preference was evaluated by taking into account the proportion of diet consumed relative to its availability on the range. Diet preference was compared to diet quality. Cattle spent 71% of time feeding on browse during the hot-dry season. Terminalia sericea, Bauhinia petersiana and Philenoptera nelsii contributed 74.5% to browse consumption. Philenoptera nelsii was the most preferred browse. Generally, cattle preferred browse with high crude protein and phosphorus content but avoided browse with high fibre content. This study confirmed the long-term observations by local pastoralists that woody species contribute significantly to cattle diet during the hot-dry season in the northern Kalahari. We recommend that rehabilitation of encroached rangelands should take into account the role of browse in semi-arid environments.
Children, seen and heard: a descriptive study of all children (aged 12 years and under) referred for acute psychiatric assessment in Tallaght University Hospital over a 10-year period

Abstract Objectives: A review of the literature demonstrates that relatively little is known about acute psychiatric presentations in children (0–12 years), compared with adolescents or young adults (12 years+). This study aims to review psychiatric presentations of children to a CAMHS Liaison Service at Children’s Hospital Ireland (CHI) at Tallaght University Hospital over a 10-year period. Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken of case notes of all children aged 12 years and under who were referred to the CAMHS Liaison Service between January 2009 and December 2018 (n = 318). Data were anonymised and inputted into SPSSv25 for analysis. The relationships between presentations and methods of self-harm over time were measured using Pearson’s correlation. Associations between categorical variables were analysed using chi-squared tests. Results: There was a significant increase in presentations of under-12s over the 10-year period (r(8)=0.66, p = 0.02). There was also a significant increase in children presenting with a disturbance of conduct and/or emotions over time (r(8) = 0.79, p < 0.001). There was a significant association between female gender and ingestion (X2 = 12.73, df = 1, p < 0.05) and between male gender and ligature as a method of self-harm (X2 = 5.54, df = 1, p < 0.05). Over half (53%) of children presented with suicidal thoughts and 22% presented with suicidal behaviours. The reported use of ligature as a method of self-harm emerged only from 2012 among cases studied. Conclusions: Children aged 12 years and under are presenting in increasing numbers with acute mental health difficulties, including suicidal thoughts and behaviours. There is a worrying trend in methods of self-harm, particularly in high lethality behaviours such as attempted strangulation.
Influence of a Preadmission Procedure-Specific Consent Document on Patient Recall of Informed Consent at 4 Weeks After Total Hip Replacement: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objectives Consent is a legal and ethical requirement for undertaking surgical procedures; however, the literature suggests that there continues to be poor recall among patients of the surgical risks discussed during the consent process. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of a preadmission procedure-specific consent document would improve patient recall of surgical risks at 4 weeks after total hip replacement in patients consented with a procedure-specific consent form. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial allocated seventy adult patients who were undergoing a primary total hip replacement to either receive (intervention group) or not receive (control group) a preadmission procedure-specific consent document. All patients were also consented with a procedure-specific consent form on the morning of surgery and were contacted 4 weeks later to assess recall of surgical risks. Results There was a very poor recall rate seen in both the intervention group (16%) and the control group (13%), with no statistically significant difference between them (P = 0.49). A large number (30%) of patients could not recall a single risk. A subgroup analysis excluding these “consent nonresponders” did show a significantly increased recall rate in the intervention group (24.5% versus 18.25%, P = 0.02). Conclusions Patient recall of potential complications of total hip replacement was poor despite the intervention. Although not effective overall, the use of a preadmission procedure-specific consent document did improve recall of potential complications of surgery in a subset of patients. The phenomenon of consent nonresponders is worth exploring in future research.
Infection of Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) with Larvae and of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) with Adults of the Copepod, Lernaeocera branchialis, in and adjacent to the Newfoundland area, and Inferences Therefrom on Inshore–Offshore Migrations of Cod

The lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus, was found to be a common intermediate host of the larvae of the copepod, Lernaeocera branchialis, in the Newfoundland and neighboring areas. Large numbers of these larvae occurred on the gills of lumpfish from inshore Newfoundland areas from the latter half of June to the first half of August, whereas only minor infection was found in any month in offshore areas. Some larvae of the year reached the final or seventh stage on the intermediate host in May on the west coast of Newfoundland and in June on the east coast. By July on the west coast and early August on the east coast, this was by far the most numerous stage present. The larvae were attached mainly near the tips of the gill filaments. Most larvae were attached to the gills of the first two branchial arches, less to those of the third, and much less to those of the fourth. There were more larvae on the right than on the left gills. Infection of the final host Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), by stage-7 female L. branch.
Effects of menstrual periods on postural stability in eumenorrheic female group

High rate of injuries detected during certain periods of menstrual cycle, raised the suggestion of hormonal impact on soft tissue and neuromuscular control with subsequent lost in joint stability, deterioration of postural balance and injury development. The aim of present study was to investigate possible differences in static postural balance during the preovulatory and postovulatory stages of menstrual cycle. Twenty one randomly selected eumenorrheic female university students accepted to participate in this study. Postural stability index (PSI) and sway distances were measured on a computer-based static stability force-platform with eyes open and eyes closed trials. Height, weight, waist and hip circumferences of the subjects were also measured. Evaluation of body fat percentage (BF) was made through biceps-triceps-subscapular-suprailiac skin-fold thickness measurements. Analysis of balance scores demonstrated better postovulatory comparing to preovulatory postural stability in terms of PSI (93.29 ± 4.26 versus 91.05 ± 6.21, p = 0.035), antero-posterior (0.99 ± 0.72 versus 0.77 ± 0.51 cm, p = 0.05) and medio-lateral (0.77 ± 0.64 versus 0.50 ± 0.42 cm, p = 0.04) sway distances. There was also statistically significant correlation between anthopometric and balance parameters with better postural balance in thinner participants. Our findings demonstrated that menstrual cycle does indeed influence postural stability, which also is the function of body composition in young females. Key words: Postural balance, menstrual cycle, females, periods.
A Transportation Model Assessment of the Risk to Native Mussel Communities from Zebra Mussel Spread

When introduced species threaten native flora and fauna, protection requires an analysis of the risk that native species face from the spread of the introduced species. Models of invading species, however, often do not include a dynamic component of risk. North American freshwater mussels are at risk of fouling by the introduced zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha). Predictions of the risk to native mussel communities of invasion by the zebra mussel can help prioritize conservation efforts. We present a model for the spatial analysis of zebra mussel spread that allows the characterization of relative risk of infestation to the high‐quality mussel communities of Illinois streams. A gravity model, constrained at origin and destination, was parameterized with data on boat use at 120 boat landings in Illinois. The risk of spread of zebra mussels depends on the number of boat trips from infested waters, which in turn depends on distance from an infested water, boat use at a site, and the position of a lake within a river system. Habitats supporting a high diversity of native mussels and threatened and endangered species are at risk of infestation from reservoirs upstream. Invasion of inland lakes and reservoirs in Illinois is predicted to occur first at areas of high boat use close to currently infested waters, including the Fox Chain of Lakes, followed by central Illinois reservoirs. These reservoirs will act as stepping stones, facilitating the invasion of lakes upstream of critical native mussel habitats. Efforts to protect waters that center on prevention of the initial invasion of stepping‐stone lakes could significantly reduce the risk of infestation. Education and inspection efforts are predicted to be more effective than quarantine because quarantines would displace boat traffic to critical habitats. The class of models presented here is useful for predicting risk of invasion when complete data on vector movement are not available.
Trophic position of Antarctic amphipods — enhanced analysis by a 2-dimensional biomarker assay

The discrepancy between the ecological significance of amphipods in the Antarctic and our poor knowledge of their ecofunctional role calls for a more detailed investigation of their trophic status in this ecosystem. A total of 12 amphipod species from suspension feeder to scavenger have been considered in this study. Our objective was to investigate whether the combination of fatty-acid and stable-isotope signatures into a 2-dimensional trophic biomarker assay would increase accuracy in the identification of Antarctic benthic amphipod trophic position. Amphipod isotopic averages ranged from -29.3‰ (δ 13 C) and 4.1‰ (δ 15 N) for the suspension feeder Ampelisca richardsoni to -21.7‰ (δ 13 C) and 11.9‰ (δ 15 N) for the high predator Iphimediella sp. Cluster analysis of the fatty- acid composition separated the amphipod species into 4 trophic groups: suspension feeders, macro- herbivores, omnivores and scavengers. The suspension feeder was isolated due to an important pro- portion of 18:4(n-3), a fatty-acid biomarker of phytoplankton. Macro-herbivores were found to rely heavily on macroalgal carbon, containing a high percentage of arachidonic acid (20:4(n-6)). Scav- enger amphipods revealed a unique fatty-acid composition dominated by 1 single fatty acid, 18:1(n- 9), probably the result of a very intensive de novo biosynthesis to cope with starvation periods. Our data emphasise the need to combine different types of information to be able to draw the right con- clusions regarding trophic ecology. Indeed, in some cases, the exclusive use of 1 type of tracing method, fatty acids or stable isotopes, would have resulted in misleading/false conclusions in the trophic classification of amphipods. Therefore, a 2-dimensional biomarker assay is a useful tool to elucidate the trophic positions of benthic amphipods.