Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Internet, Apps, and the Anesthesiologist

Modern anesthesia continues to be impacted in new and unforeseen ways by digital technology. Combining portability and versatility, mobile applications or “apps” provide a multitude of ways to enhance anesthetic and peri-operative care. Research suggests that the uptake of apps into anesthetic practice is becoming increasingly routine, especially amongst younger anesthetists brought up in the digital age. Despite this enthusiasm, there remains no consensus on how apps are safely and efficiently integrated into anesthetic practice. This review summarizes the most popular forms of app usage in anesthesia currently and explores the challenges and opportunities inherent in implementing app use in anesthesia, with an emphasis on a practical approach for the modern anesthetist.
Modelling groundwater/surface water interaction in a managed riparian chalk valley wetland

Understanding hydrological processes in wetlands may be complicated by management practices and complex groundwater/surface water interactions. This is especially true for wetlands underlain by permeable geology, such as chalk. In this study, the physically based, distributed model MIKE SHE is used to simulate hydrological processes at the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology River Lambourn Observatory, Boxford, Berkshire, UK. This comprises a 10‐ha lowland, chalk valley bottom, riparian wetland designated for its conservation value and scientific interest. Channel management and a compound geology exert important, but to date not completely understood, influences upon hydrological conditions. Model calibration and validation were based upon comparisons of observed and simulated groundwater heads and channel stages over an equally split 20‐month period. Model results are generally consistent with field observations and include short‐term responses to events as well as longer‐term seasonal trends. An intrinsic difficulty in representing compressible, anisotropic soils limited otherwise excellent performance in some areas. Hydrological processes in the wetland are dominated by the interaction between groundwater and surface water. Channel stage provides head boundaries for broad water levels across the wetland, whilst areas of groundwater upwelling control discrete head elevations. A relic surface drainage network confines flooding extents and routes seepage to the main channels. In‐channel macrophyte growth and its management have an acute effect on water levels and the proportional contribution of groundwater and surface water. The implications of model results for management of conservation species and their associated habitats are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of High Stocking Densities on the Water Quality and Growth Performance of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Reared in a Mixotrophic Biofloc Nursery System

The present study aimed to explore the effects of intensive culture densities on the water quality and growth performance of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in a mixotrophic biofloc system (heterotrophic/chemoautotrophic) at three stocking rates of 5,000, 4,000, and 3,000 PL/m3 (namely G5000, G4000, and G3000, respectively) for 21 days. At the end of the study, the mean values of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen saturation level, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, free carbon dioxide, alkalinity, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N), nitrate-nitrogen, and settleable solids did not substantially differ among study groups ( p > 0.05 ). In addition, the highest mean levels of TAN and NO2-N recorded were 1.27 mg/l (G4000) and 9.23 mg/l (G3000), respectively. The results of growth performance revealed that final body weight, weight gain, weekly growth rate, and specific growth rate were not affected by the studied densities ( p > 0.05 ). Although no significant differences were observed ( p > 0.05 ), the G3000 treatment exhibited the highest survival rate (80.66% ± 8.56%), followed by G4000 (75.05% ± 0.31%) and G5000 (71.63% ± 2.11%). However, the shrimp yield was meaningfully higher for G5000 treatment (1.72 ± 0.0.09 kg/m3, 0.69 ± 0.03 kg/m2) compared with G3000 group (1.27 ± 0.0.12 kg/m3, 0.48 ± 0.04 kg/m2) ( p < 0.05 ). Our results indicate L. vannamei can be reared at intensive nursery densities of up to 5,000 PL/m3 (2,000 PL/m2) until reaching 0.5 g without significant retardation in water quality, growth, and survival.
Safety Enhancement for Mobility Scooter with Rule-Based Danger Prevention

This study proposes an assistive system to improve the safety of mobility scooter users. The system autonomously detects potential dangers and avoids accidents using multi-sensors, a single-board computer and active control mechanisms. The working principle includes braking assistance and throttle limitation and the potential benefits of the proposed system are identified. A vector table is constructed by experiment to determine the appropriate distance in which to safely stop the mobility scooter to prevent a collision. The assistive mobility scooter system is tested in the real world to demonstrate its robustness and safety.
The Impact of Inadequate Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the Diabetic Clinic of Hoima Regional Referral Hospital in Hoima City

Per the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) Global Report on Diabetes, the prevalence of diabetes and associated risk factors has been on a steady rise, currently standing at 2.7% for males and 3.0% for females. Overweight individuals make up about 18.6% of adults, while the obese account for 3.9%. This particular study conducted at Hoima Regional Referral Hospital focused on assessing the prevalence of inadequate glycemic control and the factors contributing to this issue among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Employing a descriptive, cross-sectional design utilizing quantitative data collection and analysis methods, the study captured the opinions and perceptions of a considerable number of Type 2 diabetic patients attending the hospital's diabetic clinic at a specific moment, allowing for broader generalizations. The study uncovered that poor glycemic control among Type 2 diabetic patients led to various complications, notably cardiovascular issues (56%), diabetic neuropathy (50%), diabetic nephropathy (33%), diabetic retinopathy (25%), and infections (21%). Specifically, cardiovascular complications were more prevalent among patients with a family history of diabetes, hypertension, high BMI, and those categorized as overweight. Additionally, patients over the age of 60, highly educated individuals, married persons, and professionals exhibited higher instances of cardiovascular complications due to poor glycemic control. The study recommended hospital management to dedicate time for educating patients on managing their conditions beyond medication intake, addressing factors hindering good glycemic control. Furthermore, the study suggested strategies such as community outreach programs and routine screening for Diabetes Mellitus among hypertensive patients to facilitate early detection of non-communicable diseases. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Overweight, Obesity, Cardiovascular diseases, Glycemic control.
Conditional Cash Transfer Programmes: The Recent Experience in Latin America and the Caribbean

This document summarizes experience with conditional cash transfer or "co-responsibility" (CCT) programmes in Latin America and the Caribbean, over a period lasting more than 15 years. During this time, CCTs have consolidated and spread through the region's various countries as a tool of choice for poverty-reduction policy. This document, which it is hoped will serve as a basis and input for discussion and progress in building social-protection systems premised on inclusion and universal rights, provides detailed information on the different components of CCTs. It also reviews their main characteristics in terms of the definition and registration of programme users, the targeting mechanisms used, the various types of benefits provided, and the conditionalities attached to them. It then analyses the historical trend of the indicators of CCT investment and coverage, and the information available 8 ECLAC on their effects in different domains. Lastly, it makes an assessment of the experience and the main challenges that these programmes pose in terms of their sustainability, legal framework, accountability, participation, institutionality and inter-sectoral characteristics.
Painting and Experience in Fifteenth-Century Italy: A Primer in the Social History of Pictorial Style

Part 1 Conditions of trade: Introduction contracts and the client's control art and matter the value of skill perception of skill. Part 2 The period eye: Relative perception pictures and knowledge the cognitive style the function of images "Istoria" the body and its language figure patterns the value of colours volumes intervals and proportions the moral eye. Part 3 Pictures and categories: Words and pictures Giovanni Santi's twenty-five painters Cristoforo Landino categories, including nature, relief, purity, ease, perspective, grace, ornateness, variety, composition, colouring, design, difficulty, foreshortening, promptness, blitheness, devotion conclusion. Texts and references. Index.
An Alternative Surface-Integral-Equation-Based Sub-Structure Characteristic Mode Formulation for Lossy Composite Structures

The sub-structure characteristic modes (CMs) can be used to describe the localized modal behavior of antenna systems, giving us more degrees of freedom to explore the resonance characteristics of antennas. Due to this attractive property, the sub-structure CM analysis is gaining more and more research interest in antenna engineering. On the other hand, handling the loss and spurious-mode issues in the sub-structure CM formulations for lossy composite structures is still a challenging task and further studies are needed. In this article, following the generalized theory of CM, a novel surface-integral-equation (SIE)-based sub-structure CM formulation is developed. In the proposed sub-structure CM equation, a new sub-structure-oriented right-hand side weighting matrix is strictly formulated, which is exclusively related to the radiated power. Eigen solutions of the CM equation can clearly separate contributions of the radiated, dissipated, and reactive powers of full structure, giving important physical insights into the radiation-and-loss mechanisms of antennas whose working modes are desired to be confined to the designated part. Two numerical examples, the Yagi–Uda dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with and without loss, and the chassis of mobile device with a human hand, are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed formulation.
Machine learning for activity-based road transportation emissions estimation

Abstract Measuring and attributing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remains a challenging problem as the world strives toward meeting emissions reductions targets. As a significant portion of total global emissions, the road transportation sector represents an enormous challenge for estimating and tracking emissions at a global scale. To meet this challenge, we have developed a hybrid approach for estimating road transportation emissions that combines the strengths of machine learning and satellite imagery with localized emissions factors data to create an accurate, globally scalable, and easily configurable GHG monitoring framework.
An effective wind speed for models of fire spread

In previous descriptions of wind-slope interaction and the spread rate of wildland fires it is assumed that the separate effects of wind and slope are independent and additive and that corrections for these effects may be applied to spread rates computed from existing rate of spread models. A different approach is explored in the present paper in which the upslope component of the fire's buoyant velocity is used with the speed and direction of the ambient wind to produce effective values of wind speed and direction that determine the rate of spread vector. Thus the effective wind speed can replace the ambient wind speed in any suitable fire spread model and provide a description of the combined effects on the fire behavior. The difference between current and threshold values of the effective wind speed also can be used to determine whether fire will spread in a given fuel type. The model is tested with data from experiments reported by Weise (1993) in which fire spread was in response to variation in both wind speed and slope angle. The Weise spread rate data were satisfactorily correlated using dimensional methods and the observed spread rate was reasonably well predicted with an existing rate of spread model. Directional aspects of the model were not tested because the Weise (1993) study did not include winds with a cross-slope component.
Distribution of seasonal training intensity in competitive masters-level cross country skiers

Professionals have long debated the optimal distribution of training volume and intensity necessary for improved performance by endurance athletes. Although researchers have studied the training distributions of high-level cross country (XC) skiers, the unique population of Masters-level XC skiers has been largely overlooked. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to characterize the changes in Masterslevel skiers' training volume and intensity from the fall to mid-winter seasons using telemetry-based heart rate (HR) monitoring. The secondary purpose was to determine the relationship between winter training variables and race speed within the same population. Fifty-six Masters-level skiers volunteered to don a HR monitor and utilize a training log to record all bouts of physical activity over two 14+ day periods designed to correspond with the preparatory (fall) and pre-competition (mid-winter) seasons. After the midwinter collection period, the same subjects recorded HR data while competing in a 34.4 km ski race. All HR data were downloaded to a computer and summarized by absolute training time (T, min) and relative time (%T) spent within six HR zones (Z) which were calculated as percentages of age-predicted maximum HR (APMHR). Training variables were compared using two-factor and three-factor multivariate repeated measures ANOVAs, whereas winter training variables and race HR variables were correlated with race speed using the Pearson product-moment correlation. Only 13 men (Mean±SD: 62±5 yrs.) and 15 women (50±5 yrs.) completed all of the study requirements. From the fall to winter seasons, weekly training volume was maintained (Mean±SE: 515.7±24.2 vs. 514.8±31.7 min/week, respectively), but average training HR significantly increased (117±2 vs. 123±2 bpm, respectively). Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the %T spent training or =70% from the fall to winter seasons (53.0±3.6% vs. 40.2±3.1% and 47.0±3.6% vs. 59.8±3.1%, respectively). Additionally, the skiers' distribution of training intensity within each season tended to follow a threshold based model, as opposed to the polarized model followed by high-level endurance athletes. While characterizing these training practices helps build the knowledge base necessary for improved coaching of this population, further observational and experimental research is warranted.
Age and growth of the Archean Kongling terrain, South China, with emphasis on 3.3 ga granitoid gneisses

The North China craton and the Yangtze craton (South China) both contain Archean rocks in eastern China. Unlike the North China craton, where Archean rocks are widespread, in the Yangtze craton the exposed Archean rocks are only known in the Kongling terrain (360 km2). Zircon U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotopic compositions of three granodioritic-trondhjemitic gneisses and three metasedimentary rocks from the Kongling terrain were analyzed by LA-ICP-MS and LA-MC-ICP-MS. Igneous zircons in one trondhjemitic gneiss in the north of the Kongling terrain have an age of 3302±7 (1σ) Ma. Evidence from cathodoluminescence imaging, variations in Th/U and degree of U-Pb age discordance suggest that apparently younger zircons in the same population are variably disturbed 3302 Ma grains. Thus, this trondhjemitic gneiss is the oldest known rock in South China and predates the earlier reported ∼2900 Ma granitoid magmatism by 400 Ma. Zircon cores from one granodioritic gneiss in the north of the Kongling terrain also give a concordant age group at 3200 to 3300 Ma. Regardless as inherited or not, these cores crystallized from a magma indistinguishable in age with the trondhjemite. Concordant U-Pb ages for igneous zircons in one granodioritic gneiss in the south of the Kongling terrain yielded a weighted average 206Pb/207Pb age of 2981±13 Ma (2σ, MSWD=9.7, n=21). The zircon age and initial Hf isotopic compositions are similar to those of widespread granitoid gneisses from the north of the Kongling terrain (2903-2947 Ma), and indicate that the south and north of the Kongling terrain are correlative. The results also reinforce that magmatism of the whole Kongling terrain mainly occurred at 2900 Ma. Available Hf isotopic data from the Kongling terrain show that juvenile crustal additions occurred mainly between 3150 and 3800 Ma with a significant peak at 3300 to 3500 Ma. The ∼3300 Ma zircons from the trondhjemitic gneiss have Hf crust formation ages of 3450 to 3730 Ma, some of which have nearly chondritic εHf (t). The whole-rock depleted mantle Nd model age of this rock is 3400 Ma, close to its age of magmatism and consistent with the Hf model age. Its εNd value at 3300 Ma is nearly chondritic (1.26). These lines of evidence suggest that the 3300 Ma trondhjemite represent juvenile crust additions to the pre-existing continental crust.
Geotectonic evolution of Midland Scotland from Cambrian to Silurian: a review

Synopsis During its Lower Palaeozoic history, the Midland Valley of Scotland was subject to compression from the blocks on either side, confirming the views of Kennedy (1958). Cambrian–Llanvirn-aged rocks of the Hebridean craton formed part of a passive margin, which extended to the ESE and is now replaced by the metamorphic complexes of the Moine and Dalradian. Both blocks had undergone metamorphism, uplift and shedding of their covers elsewhere. The ophiolitic part of the Highland Border Complex, which may be a continuation of the structurally foreshortened and rotated Ballantrae Complex, was obducted at c.490 Ma and may have interacted with rocks of the Hebridean passive margin. Ordovician rocks at Girvan are a small remnant of a one-time far larger forearc basin, which formed to the south of a major arc complex, originally situated in the Midland Valley and probably extending from somewhere in the North Sea to offshore Ireland and beyond. The Highland Border Complex includes rocks coeval with the Midland Valley arc at c.470 Ma that formed a back-arc basin. The Southern Uplands have converged on the Midland Valley, with the forearc sequence apparently missing in Scotland. Part of that convergence history is recorded in the Silurian conglomerates of the southern Midland Valley. Silurian sequences in this area contain conglomerates and breccias, derived from the south that record the presence of an igneous and possibly also a metamorphic complex in the region now occupied by the trench sequence of the Southern Uplands. It is suggested that the trench was later thrust over this source block and that the Southern Upland Fault forms part of that thrust sequence. The metamorphic complexes to the north, replacing the Hebridean passive margin, did not interact with the Midland Valley until Lower Devonian times. It follows that there was no mountain-building orogeny in Scotland, other than an arc, a sliver of trench, and numerous examples of crustal contraction by strike-slip and/or thrusting.
THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT AND MANAGEMENT ON YIELD AND NO3-N CONCENTRATIONS IN ORGANICALLY MANAGED LEAFY GREENS

by Haly Lury Ingle, M.S. Washington State University May 2010 Chair: Richard T. Koenig In leafy green crops, plant tissue nitrate concentration (TNC) is influenced by environment and management factors. Although evidence is inconclusive, excessive dietary nitrate has been implicated in digestive tract cancers and the European Commission (EC) has set limits on TNC in leafy greens. A series of field studies evaluated the effect of environment and management on yield and TNC in organic leafy greens. To compare the effect of photoperiod on TNC, a study was conducted in Pullman, WA, and Fairbanks, AK. Two lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and 2 spinach (Spinacia oleracea) cultivars were sampled and analyzed for TNC over 3, 24-hour periods. Light intensity and duration were measured for all sampling periods. There was no evidence that photoperiod influenced TNC in field growing conditions. A second study evaluated the effect of planting and harvest dates on yield and TNC in Asian greens grown in winter. A commercial Asian greens mix was direct seeded in a hoophouse on 3 different dates. Initial and subsequent regrowth was harvested, and each crop type evaluated for TNC and yield. TNC for the same crop type was significantly different between planting dates with no clear trends. Some crop types yielded better in early harvest dates while others did not recover from
Performance enhancement of optical communication system with cascaded FBGs of varying lengths

In this paper, an optical communication system constructed with cascaded fiber Bragg gratings or fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) of varying lengths capable of operating in the C-band is presented. Here, initially, a passive optical device formed with four cascaded FBGs of varying lengths is proposed and analyzed. Subsequently, the proposed device is kept in the optical communication system to reduce the spectral width of the source, thereby enhancing the system’s performance. Analytical formulation based on the transfer matrix method of an optical device is incorporated. The effect of such a device on the system performance at various operating distances is discussed. Further, the system performance is studied with the apodized FBGs in the passive optical device. At the end, we investigated the effect of incorporating the cascaded FBG structure in the system utilizing four-level pulse amplitude modulation or PAM-4 modulation . As per the simulation results, the proposed device has given a maximum reflectivity of 98.39 % and a minimum FWHM of 0.175 nm for uniform FBGs. But with the apodized FBGs, an FWHM of 0.07 nm with a reflectivity of 59.81 % has been achieved. Simulation results reveal that the system formed with the proposed device has given better performance up to a distance of 105 km compared to the absence of the device. At the maximum operating distance of the system with apodized FBGs, the Q-factor and bit error rate (BER) are recorded as 6.712 and 9.5321×10−12, respectively. Apart from the Q-factor and BER estimation, eye height is also used to estimate the system performance at various operating distances.