Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algorithms on regulatory lockdown in medicine

Prioritize risk monitoring to address the “update problem” As use of artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) in medicine continues to grow, regulators face a fundamental problem: After evaluating a medical AI/ML technology and deeming it safe and effective, should the regulator limit its authorization to market only the version of the algorithm that was submitted, or permit marketing of an algorithm that can learn and adapt to new conditions? For drugs and ordinary medical devices, this problem typically does not arise. But it is this capability to continuously evolve that underlies much of the potential benefit of AI/ML. We address this “update problem” and the treatment of “locked” versus “adaptive” algorithms by building on two proposals suggested earlier this year by one prominent regulatory body, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (1, 2), which may play an influential role in how other countries shape their associated regulatory architecture. The emphasis of regulators needs to be on whether AI/ML is overall reliable as applied to new data and on treating similar patients similarly. We describe several features that are specific to and ubiquitous in AI/ML systems and are closely tied to their reliability. To manage the risks associated with these features, regulators should focus particularly on continuous monitoring and risk assessment, and less on articulating ex-ante plans for future algorithm changes.
Kétoprofène gel et effets secondaires cutanés: bilan d'une enquête sur 337 notifications.

Des leur commercialisation en France (1989), les gels de ketoprofene sont responsables d'effets secondaires cutanes (essentiellement photosensibilisations et eczemas de contact). Une enquete de Pharmacovigilance detecte 337 effets permettant d'analyser: la frequence de ces effets indesirables variant selon la specialite de 0.008‰ a 0.023‰; le sexe ratio bien reparti, la population jeune, sportive (30-40 ans); la duree de traitement: environ 7 jours et le delai d'apparition de l'effect secondaire superieur, parfois retarde par rapport a l'arret du traitement; les reactions sont severes dans environ 40 pour cent des cas; les l'acteurs favorisants sont essentiellement l'exposition solaire (1/3 cas), et le pansement occlusif: Pas de terrain predisposant, toutefois, on retrouve selon la specialite 2.6 pour cent a 8.5 pour cent de sensibilisation anteerieure par un AINS topique. La duree de l'effet secondaire est environ de 16 jours, l'evolution est favorable mais l'hospitalisation est necessaire dans 1/10 cas. Les exploirations photoallergologiques sont en faveur de photosensibilisation au ketoprofene. Devant ces resultats, la Commision Nationale demande une modification du resume des caracteristiques des gels de ketoprofene.
T cell–derived interferon-γ programs stem cell death in immune-mediated intestinal damage

T cell–derived interferon-γ can directly target intestinal stem cells to induce their apoptosis in a JAK/STAT-dependent manner (see the related Focus by Kretzschmar and Clevers). Protecting intestinal stem cells As the intestinal epithelium is replaced every week, maintenance of this tissue requires rapid self-renewal that is driven by intestinal stem cells. This homeostasis is disrupted in a number of settings, including allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. After allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, allogeneic T cells often attack and kill intestinal cells in an interferon-γ (IFNγ)–dependent manner. Here, Takashima et al. have used both in vivo transplant models and in vitro organoid systems to define the targets of IFNγ in the intestine, and they found that IFNγ directly targets intestinal stem cells. They further demonstrate that JAK/STAT inhibitors can be used to protect the intestinal stem cell compartment from T cell–mediated damage in this setting. See the related Focus by Kretzschmar and Clevers. Despite the importance of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) for epithelial maintenance, there is limited understanding of how immune-mediated damage affects ISCs and their niche. We found that stem cell compartment injury is a shared feature of both alloreactive and autoreactive intestinal immunopathology, reducing ISCs and impairing their recovery in T cell–mediated injury models. Although imaging revealed few T cells near the stem cell compartment in healthy mice, donor T cells infiltrating the intestinal mucosa after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) primarily localized to the crypt region lamina propria. Further modeling with ex vivo epithelial cultures indicated ISC depletion and impaired human as well as murine organoid survival upon coculture with activated T cells, and screening of effector pathways identified interferon-γ (IFNγ) as a principal mediator of ISC compartment damage. IFNγ induced JAK1- and STAT1-dependent toxicity, initiating a proapoptotic gene expression program and stem cell death. BMT with IFNγ–deficient donor T cells, with recipients lacking the IFNγ receptor (IFNγR) specifically in the intestinal epithelium, and with pharmacologic inhibition of JAK signaling all resulted in protection of the stem cell compartment. In addition, epithelial cultures with Paneth cell–deficient organoids, IFNγR-deficient Paneth cells, IFNγR–deficient ISCs, and purified stem cell colonies all indicated direct targeting of the ISCs that was not dependent on injury to the Paneth cell niche. Dysregulated T cell activation and IFNγ production are thus potent mediators of ISC injury, and blockade of JAK/STAT signaling within target tissue stem cells can prevent this T cell–mediated pathology.
Echo Doppler rénal, index de résistance de Pourcelot et néphropathie diabétique: intérêt et signification

83 patients diabetiques dont 69 non insuffisants renaux ont beneficie d'un echodoppler renal avec mesure de l'index de resistance au niveau des deux reins dans le cadre d'une etude prospective. Ces patients ont ete classes selon un score prenant en compte a la fois le risque et le degre de complication renale: ce score variait de 0 a 6 et integrait l'anciennete du diabete, l'HTA et son anciennete et les signes biologiques de nephropathie. Les index de resistance moyens obtenus ont fait l'objet d'une etude statistique et ont ete compares a 3 groupes temoins (130 patients normaux, 117 hypertendus et 84 insuffisants renaux)
Reports

With the theme of ‘Linking Health Professions Around the World: Cooperation in Education, Practice and Research,’ the World Congress III of the Health Professions was conducted in San Juan, Puerto Rico, where over 180 attendees gathered to hear presentations and papers on topics related to international health care. This is the third Congress to be held for the allied health professions with the  rst Congress being held in Elsinor, Denmark (1988), and the second Congress in Telford, England (1997, co-sponsored with the University of Wolverhampton). The third World Congress was co-sponsored by the Association of Schools of Allied Health Professions and the University of Puerto Rico. Dr Estela Estape, Dean of the College of Health Related Professions University of Puerto Rico, was host for the meeting and under her leadership, a number of international associations assisted in the planning and provided support for the conference, including:
Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Childhood: An Outcomes Study from the Ventricular Remodeling and Survival are More Favorable for Myocarditis Than For

Copyright © 2010 American Heart Association. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 1941-3289. Online ISSN: TX 72514 Circulation: Heart Failure is published by the American Heart Association. 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, DOI: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109. 902833 published online Sep 10, 2010; Circ Heart Fail Shaddy, Jeffrey A. Towbin, James D. Wilkinson and Steven E. Lipshultz Jacqueline M. Lamour, Renee Margossian, Jane E. Messere, Paolo G. Rusconi, Robert E. Elfriede Pahl, Paul F. Kantor, Jorge A. Alvarez, Steven D. Colan, John L. Jefferies, Susan R. Foerster, Charles E. Canter, Amy Cinar, Lynn A. Sleeper, Steven A. Webber, Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Childhood: An Outcomes Study from the Ventricular Remodeling and Survival are More Favorable for Myocarditis Than For http://circheartfailure.ahajournals. org the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on
DENSITE MINERALE OSSEUSE DE LA COLONNE LOMBAIRE, DU COL ET DE LA DIAPHYSE FEMORAUX D'UN ECHANTILLON DE LA POPULATION GENEVOISE

: Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual photon absorptiometry in the lumbar spine, femoral neck and midfemoral shaft in 209 women and 165 men aged 20 to 98 years recruited among the Geneva population. The prevalence of various factors (life style, calcium intake, body weight) which may be associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis was evaluated. Between the different skeletal sites, BMD was closely correlated. Nevertheless, BMD at one site failed to accurately predict BMD of another site. In each age class, BMD was dispersed over a wide range. Women and men had similar lumbar spine BMD. In women, BMD decreased after the fifth decade by 1.3, 1.0 and 2.6% year in the lumbar spine and femoral neck and shaft, respectively. Daily calcium intake from dairy products was 430 g and 750 g in women and men, respectively. Femoral shaft BMD was positively correlated with calcium intake. These BMD values obtained in a sample of the normal Geneva population should be of major help for the diagnosis of osteoporosis.
BIG 1-98: Randomized double-blind phase III study to evaluate letrozole (L) vs. tamoxifen (T) as adjuvant endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with receptor-positive breast cancer

511 Background: L has been shown to be active in postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive breast cancer for whom prior treatment with anti-estrogens has failed, as first-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer, and in patients who remain disease-free after five years of T. The Primary Core Analysis (PCA) of BIG 1–98 comparing L (2.5 mg/d) vs. T (20 mg/d), both for 5 years, is planned for January 2005. Methods: 8,028 postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive breast cancer were randomized to A:Tx5 years, B:Lx5, C:Tx2→Lx3, D:Lx2→Tx3; 1,835 to the 2-arm option (A or B March 1998 to March 2000) and 6,193 to the 4-arm option (April 1999 to May 2003). Planned sample size was 7,935 to provide 80% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of recurrence/relapse at the 5% (2-sided) significance level. The PCA was planned after 647 disease-free survival (DFS) events (counting events in arms C and D only up to the treatment switch + 30 days), with 2 interim analyses at 261 and 430 events. Results: The.
EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION IN NEONATES: AN EXPERIENCE FROM A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN NORTH INDIA

Kirti M Naranje1, Anita Singh1, Astha Panghal2, Aakash Pandita3, Girish Gupta4 From 1Associate Professor, 2Senior Resident, 3Assistant Professor, 4Professor, Department of Neonatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Correspondence to: Kirti M Naranje, Associate Professor, Department of Neonatology, 4th Floor, PMSSY Building, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226 014, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail: drkirtinaranje@gmail.com Received 20 July 2019 Initial Review 12 August 2019 Accepted 03 September 2019
Conversion of Cellulose to Levulinic Acid/Ester over an Acid Catalyst: Impacts of Dispersion of Hydrogen Ions on Polymerization Reactions

Polymerization is a major challenge in the conversion of cellulose to platform chemicals, such as levulinic acid. In this study, the distinct dispersion patterns of hydrogen ions in a solid acidic resin catalyst (D008 catalyst) and H2SO4 catalyst on the polymerization reactions during conversion of cellulose to levulinic acid/ester were investigated in water and in alcohol medium. The results showed that the distinct patterns for dispersion of hydrogen ions impacted both the efficiency for conversion of cellulose and the tendency for the polymerization reactions. The hydrogen ion in D008 concentrated in pores or the local area of the catalyst, creating steric hindrance for cellulose to access the hydrogen ions but facilitated polymerization of glucose. The homogeneous dispersion of the hydrogen ion in H2SO4 facilitated conversion of cellulose and minimized the polymerization reactions, especially in alcohol medium. When alcohol is used as a reaction medium, the polymerization reaction could be effectively.
Growth dynamics of E. coli in the presence of cell wall-targeting antibiotics

This thesis investigates the growth dynamics of Escherichia coli bacteria in the presence of cell wall-targeting antibiotics, using experiments and mathematical modelling in order to understand quantitatively how these antibiotics interact with growing bacterial cells. In the experiments E. coli were grown in various growth media (which result in different growth rates), with a range of antibiotic concentrations. Measurements of optical density and viable colony counts revealed complex growth medium-dependent inhibition dynamics for the different antibiotics, contrary to the “standard” picture that cell wall-targeting antibiotics are more effective against fast growing bacteria. Complementary microscopy analysis suggested a strong correlation between the antibiotic mechanism of action and changes in cell morphology, and consequently the population’s inhibition dynamics. To link the mechanism of antibiotic action to bacterial population dynamics, a mathematical model is presented, guided by the experiments. The model is able to reproduce the inhibition dynamics and morphological changes observed in the presence of mecillinam and aztreonam. The model’s robustness and generality is tested by applying it to other growth conditions, to other antibiotics such as fosfomycin, and to combinations of antibiotics. The model performs very well, capturing many of the inhibition dynamics and morphology changes as observed experimentally, as well as testing different hypotheses for the mechanism triggering division in E. coli. In summary this thesis presents a unified experimental and theoretical approach to understanding the effects of cell wall-targeting antibiotics on growing bacterial cells.
HERBAL ANTIDIARRHOEAL FORMULATION "SALCOCHEK" FOR TREATMENT OF WEANING DIARRHOEA IN PIGLETS

Diarrhoea or scours in piglets can be common at both the neonatal and the post-weaning stage. A trial was conducted to evaluate efficacy of polyherbal antidiarrhoeal and gut function modulator Salcochek (supplied by m/s Ayurvet Ltd. Baddi, HP, India) in reducing incidence of post weaning diarrhoea and mortality rate in weaned piglets. A total of 25 White Yorkshire piglets irrespective of sex of approximately 1 month of age were included in the trial and were divided in 5 different groups. Group T1 piglets were treated with Ciprofloxacin –Tinidazole tab @ 10mg/kg body wt. , group T2 were treated with mixture of Salcocheck premix @ 500 g/tonne of feed and Ciprofloxacin-Tinidazole tab @ 10mg/kg body wt. , group T3 piglets were treated with Salcochek@1kg/tonne of feed. Treatment was given in all the groups for 35days depending upon severity of condition. Group T4 was positive control, comprising of diarrhoeac piglets given no treatment, group T5 was negative control, comprising healthy piglet without any history of diarrhoea. Parameters recorded were body weight gain (Kg), mortality, colour and consistency of faeces, clinical observation of piglets, number and duration of treatment. Significantly better results in term of clinical observations, recovery rate, duration and number of treatment were obtained in groups T3 and T2 as compared to group T1 and untreated group T4. No mortality was recorded in polyherbal treated groups and negative control group as compared to 20% and 60 % mortality in group T1 and T4 respectively. The body weight gain was significantly high in Salcochek treated groups T2 and T3 as compared to T1 and T4. From the results of the present study it can be concluded that polyherbal formulation Salcochek is efficacious in prevention and treatment of post weaning diarrhea in piglets along with improvement in growth of piglets.
Relation between intelligence, emotional intelligence, and academic performance among medical interns

Background: There is a dearth of research on the correlation between emotional quotient (EQ) and intelligence quotient (IQ), and specifically among medical students and interns. So, we in our study aim to find out the correlation between these two variants of intelligence, and their relation to academic performance among medical interns as well as the gender differences between EQ, IQ, and academic performance. Methodology: EQ Test Questionnaire developed by Chadha and Singh was used for testing the EQ of the participants (n=50; males=34, females=16; mean age=24.1 years). IQ was tested by an experienced clinical psychologist using Wechsler’s Adult Intelligence Test. The academic achievement was determined from the percentage of marks secured in tenth standard, 12th standard, and Final MBBS. GraphPadInStat version 3.05 was used for data entry and analysis. Results: A statistically high significant negative correlation was found between EQ and IQ of our total study sample as well as among the male participants. The mean EQ was higher among females and mean IQ was higher among males. The females were academically better than the males and this difference was statistically highly significant. No significant correlation of EQ and IQ to academic performance was found in the total sample group. Conclusion: EQ and IQ are negatively correlated to each other, and there is no significant correlation of EQ and IQ to academic performance. Based on the current findings, further studies need to be built in larger samples. Limitation of the study is a small sample population. Nath S, Ghosh S, Das S. Relation between intelligence, emotional intelligence, and academic performance among medical interns. Open J Psychiatry Allied Sci. 2015;6:96-100.doi: 10.5958/2394-2061.2015. 00004.X
Gambaran tekanan darah berdasarkan faktor pemberat hipertensi pada pasien hipertensi perokok di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ciputat kota Tangerang Selatan

Prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia, based on Riskesdas 2007, is high(31,7%). But, just 7,2% people know about their disease and just 0,4% were taking antihypertensive medication. The risk factors of hypertension is so many kind, smoking is one of them. Level of cigarette consumption in Indonesia is high. National survey in 2004 found that 63,4% of men were smokers. To prevent the occurence and severity of hypertension, we need to know an overview of risk factors of hypertension The aim of the study is to describe blood pressure based on the risk factors of hypertension. This descriptive research had 106 samples, which is smokers hypertension patients in Working Area of Puskesmas Ciputat,South Tangerang. Accidental sampling is used. Data collected by filling out the questionnaire and blood pressure measurements. The result of the study is the blood pressure of smokers that have level of cigarettes >20 per day is 146,5/100,5 mmHg. The blood pressure of >10 years smokers 139,83/93,17 mmHg. The blood pressure of respondents that have high level of fatty consumption is 146/99,5 mmHg, while salty consumption is 146/98 mmHg. The respondents with low level activity have 136,76/90,29 mmHg. The respondents who do not take medication have 140/93,44 mmHg. The conclusion is so many smoker hypertension patients who have bad life style that can make their disease worse. Keyword : Hypertension, Smoking, Genetics, High Fat Consumption, High Salt consumption, Exercise, Medication Adherence. References : 56 (1991-2012)
A comparative study of the incidence of postoperative meralgia paraesthetica after open inguinal hernioplasty and after laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal approach repair for recurrent inguinal hernia

Objective The aim of this prospective study was to compare the postoperative incidence and the intensity of pain and meralgia paraesthesia in both the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal approach (TAPP) and the open approach for patients with recurrent inguinal hernia. Patients and methods A total of 80 patients with recurrent inguinal hernia were selected and operated in the same surgical unit from December 2011 to January 2014. About 40 patients were operated by TAPP and 40 patients with the open surgical technique. We compared the two techniques in terms of the postoperative pain and paraesthesia using the quality of life and the time to return to normal activity. We evaluated postoperative paraesthesia and pain using the visual analog scale. Results Our results revealed the superiority of the laparoscopic approach over the open technique in generality, with less incidence of pain and paraesthesia. During the early postoperative period, pain had been abolished completely on the sixth to the seventh day in 37 patients in the laparoscopic (LAP) group, whereas in the open approach (OPEN), it was achieved in only 25 patients. During the late postoperative period, only three patients in the LAP group continued to complain after the first week, whereas in OPEN group, 15 patients continued to complain of pain. In the OPEN group, there were five patients with severe paraesthesia persisting for more than 6 months, whereas in the LAP group, all patients improved before the sixth month. Conclusion Postoperative pain and paraesthesia are an important issue in inguinal hernia surgery; hence, long-term follow-up is important. The best approach for recurrent inguinal hernia repair with the least postoperative pain and paraesthesia are the TAPP, with superiority over the open approach.
The Role of Spirituality at End of Life in Nova Scotia’s Black Community

This study used qualitative in-depth interviews and focus groups to examine the role of spirituality at end of life (EOL) in Nova Scotia’s Black community. We also examined data from another research project that examined health issues in the Black community. The purpose of this research was to examine the issue of spirituality from the perspective of family caregivers, and spiritual leaders who have cared for someone who has died. More specifically, we explored how spirituality is expressed and how it serves as a coping mechanism during times of suffering and hardship at the EOL. Principal findings include the need for health providers to be aware of the spiritual needs of families of African descent and to include spirituality as a part of the EOL care plan.