Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PROSODIC SYSTEMATICITY MEETS LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT : SKEWED TONAL INVENTORIES IN NON-ARBITRARY LANGUAGE

Human language is not entirely arbitrary. Recent advances in the literature have shown sound symbolism to facilitate word-learning and acquisition cross-linguistically. Most research focuses on the segment level and not much is known about the prosody or the role it plays in the sound symbolism of tonal and non-tonal languages alike. By comparing sound-symbolic corpora with general lexicon corpora, this study shows that the sound-symbolic lexicons of three Sinitic varieties (Mandarin, Taiwanese Southern Min, Hong Kong Cantonese) are skewed so that the majority of sound-symbolic syllables are in high tone while the general lexicon is not. Building on the idea that gesture and eye movement facilitate word-learning, it is proposed that prosodic demarcation of descriptive and non-arbitrary words is analogous to a gesture in the speech stream which helps the listener (child) pinpoint its referent. This systematic mapping may be derived from the lexical embodiment of expressive voice like that found in Infant Directed Speech.
Effective temperatures and radiation spectra for a higher-dimensional Schwarzschild–de Sitter black hole

The absence of a true thermodynamical equilibrium for an observer located in the causal area of a Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime has repeatedly raised the question of the correct definition of its temperature. In this work, we consider five different temperatures for a higher-dimensional Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole: the bare $T_0$, the normalised $T_{BH}$ and three effective ones given in terms of both the black hole and cosmological horizon temperatures. We find that these five temperatures exhibit similarities but also significant differences in their behaviour as the number of extra dimensions and the value of the cosmological constant are varied. We then investigate their effect on the energy emission spectra of Hawking radiation. We demonstrate that the radiation spectra for the normalised temperature $T_{BH}$ -- proposed by Bousso and Hawking over twenty years ago -- leads to the dominant emission curve while the other temperatures either support a significant emission rate only at a specific $\Lambda$ regime or they have their emission rates globally suppressed. Finally, we compute the bulk-over-brane emissivity ratio and show that the use of different temperatures may lead to different conclusions regarding the brane or bulk dominance.
Factor Analysis for the Development of Women Entrepreneurship in SMEs: An Empirical Evidence From Bangladesh

Women entrepreneurship is now a rapidly growing socio-economic phenomenon in developing country like Bangladesh. Women entrepreneurs’ development in the SME sector is one of the most important challenge. The research aims to analyze the factors related to the development of women entrepreneurship in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector of Bangladesh. The analysis is based on recent theoretical ideas that have been supported by empirical research findings. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in this research. To analyze the factors we have interviewed 232 women entrepreneurs of SME businesses. The main tool of research was a structured questionnaire. This study illustrates an analytical framework based on institutional theory, which focuses on three kinds of factors: regulative, normative, and cognitive. Regulative factors refer to different rules and regulations of the Government that facilitate women entrepreneurship development of SMEs sector in Bangladesh. Normative and cognitive factors include norms, rules, regulation, and values of society. This study provides suggestions on how to overcome barriers and also many significant policy implications to improve women entrepreneurship in SMEs sector of Bangladesh.
Localized Standard Versus Reduced Formula and Genus One Gromov-Witten Invariants of Local Calabi-Yau Manifolds

For local Calabi-Yau manifolds which are total spaces of vector bundle over algebraic GKM manifolds, we propose a formal definition of reduced Genus one Gromov-Witten invariants, by assigning contributions from the refined decorated rooted trees. We show that this definition satisfies a localized version of the standard versus reduced formula, whose global version in the compact cases is due to A. Zinger. As an application we prove the conjecture in a previous article on the genus one Gromov-Witten invariants of local Calabi-Yau manifolds which are total spaces of concave splitting vector bundles over projective spaces. In particular, we prove the mirror formulae for genus one Gromov-Witten invariants of KP2 and KP3 , conjectured by Klemm, Zaslow and Pandharipande. In the appendix we derive the modularity of genus one Gromov-Witten invariants for the local P as a consequence of the results on Ramanujan’s cubic transformation. Inspired by the localized standard versus reduced formula, we show that the ordinary genus one Gromov-Witten invariants of Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces in projective spaces can be computed by virtual localization and quantum hyperplane property after the contribution of a genus one vertex is replaced by a modified one.
Intra- and interspecific agonistic behaviour in hatchling Australian freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni) and saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus)

Abstract. We examined agonistic behaviour in hatchling Australian freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni) at 2 weeks, 13 weeks, and 50 weeks after hatching, and between C. johnstoni and saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) at 40–50 weeks of age. Among C. johnstoni, agonistic interactions (15–23 s duration) were well established by two weeks old and typically involved two and occasionally three individuals, mostly between 17 : 00 and 24 : 00 hours in open-water areas of enclosures. A range of discrete postures, non-contact and contact movements are described. The head is rarely targeted in contact movements with C. johnstoni because they exhibit a unique ‘head raised high’ posture, and engage in ‘push downs’. In contrast with C. porosus of a similar age, agonistic interactions between C. johnstoni were conducted with relatively low intensity and showed limited ontogenetic change; there was also no evidence of a dominance hierarchy among hatchlings by 50 weeks of age, when the frequency of agonistic interactions was lowest. Agonistic interactions between C. johnstoni and C. porosus at 40–50 weeks of age were mostly low level, with no real exclusion or dominance observed. However, smaller individuals of both species moved slowly out of the way when a larger individual of either species approached. When medium- or high-level interspecific interactions did occur, it was between similar-sized individuals, and each displayed species-specific behaviours that appeared difficult for contestants to interpret: there was no clear winner or loser. The nature of agonistic interactions between the two species suggests that dominance may be governed more strongly by size rather than by species-specific aggressiveness.
Antioxidant defense in the hepatic tissue of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) following first month after vaccination against Yersinia ruckeri

1 Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Environmental Protection, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Arciszewski Str . 22B, 76–200 Slupsk, Poland E-mail: tkachenko@apsl . edu . pl, biology . apsl@gmail . com 2 Department of Salmonid Research, Stanislaw Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute, 83–330 Żukowo, Poland; E-mail: jgrudniewska@infish . com . pl 3 Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24–100 Pulawy, Poland; E-mail: a . pekala@piwet . pulawy . pl
Dielectric-Barrier Discharges. Principle and Applications

Dielectric-barrier discharges (silent discharges) are non-equilibrium discharges that can be conveniently operated over a wide temperature and pressure range. At about atmospheric pressure electrical breakdown occurs in many independent thin current filaments. These short-lived microdischarges have properties of transient high pressure glow discharges with electron energies ideally suited for exciting or dissociating background gas atoms and molecules. The traditional application for large-scale ozone generation is discussed together with novel applications in excimer UV lamps, high power CO 2 lasers and plasma display panels. Additional applications for surface treatment and pollution control are rapidly emerging technologies. Recent results on greenhouse gas recycling and utilisation in dielectric-barrier discharges are also discussed.
Analysis of Social Responsibility and Reporting Methods of Romanian Companies in the Countries of the European Union

In the context of the current economy, the concept of corporate social responsibility has gained momentum, and its significance derives from the attitude of companies that have understood the importance of the impact of their activity on the environment in which they conduct their operations. The present study emphasizes the fact that CSR has an equal importance for those companies of varying sizes that operate in developing countries, such as Romania. There are still a lot of challenges regarding their implementation. The study focuses on establishing the level of CSR report by the Romanian companies within the European Union framework by taking into account the extent to which they are familiar with the CSR reporting guidelines in order to identify the degree of applying the Global Reporting Guidelines (GRI) when designing the sustainability reports. The data regarding the acceptance of the voluntary report and its correlation to the sustainable development as a strategic focus of the management of entities, the usefulness, the necessity and the obstacles of voluntary reporting were gathered based on a questionnaire. Between 2015–2017, 61 Romanian companies of various sizes had to answer specific questions. The research is based on the descriptive statistics as well as the correlation analysis method. The findings of the research proved that the acceptance of the management in terms of the sustainable development is in a close relationship with implementing voluntary reporting and the willingness to develop a favorable image of the company within a competitive market. The study also identified the differences that exist between a company’s success on the market that is linked to their development and the economic factors that characterize each and every field of activity. The present study focuses on defining the term ‘social responsibility’ from the point of view of its concepts. It also aims at presenting the social responsibility reporting methods used by the companies from the European Union countries. These can be a starting point for those companies that have not had the chance of applying them yet.
Numerical Analysis of Fuel Flow Patterns at the Nozzle Exit Considering Different Fuels and Operating Parameters of a Diesel Engine

The paper presents a numerical study (Eulerian multiphase approach) on the influence of physical characteristics of different fuels (density and dynamic viscosity) on the fuel flow pattern at the injection nozzle exit considering different fuels and operating parameters of a diesel engine (fuel temperature and compression ratio). A new term, Nozzle Uniformity Coefficient (NUC) was introduced to define the fluid flow pattern at the injection nozzle exit and to correlate its value with a further development of the spray in the combustion chamber. The results of the analysis show that the structure of the fluid flow pattern is the most homogeneous in the case of low fuel temperatures and low back pressures. Fuel velocities have an immediate effect on the spray development, the air-fuel mixing process, and the depth of jet penetration into the combustion chamber. The average values of biodiesel fuel velocities are lower compared to those of diesel fuel. In view of the increasing use of fuels from renewable sources (biofuels), a logical conclusion is that it is necessary to correlate the injection system components with their physicochemical properties.
Experimental design of oily bubbles in oxidized coal flotation

Wegiel kamienny jest bardzo trudno wzbogacalny w procesie konwencjonalnej flotacji z zastosowaniem odczynnikow (kolektorow) olejowych. Badania mialy na celu zaprojektowanie procesu flotacji, nazywanej flotacją olejową, do zwiekszenia efektywności wzbogacania utlenionego wegla. Opisano proces flotacji olejowej. Badania dotyczyly porownania flotacji olejowej i konwencjonalnej do wzbogacania utlenionego wegla. Niektore wlaściwości utlenionego wegla są podobne do wlaściwości wegla brunatnego. Odczynniki flotacyjne (kolektory) mają wielki wplyw na proces utlenionego wegla. Flotowalnośc utlenionego wegla z Taixi (Chiny) moze byc poprawiona przez aktywacje powierzchni bądź rozdrabnianie wegla. Wstepna obrobka mikrofalowa moze zwiek­szyc hydrofobowośc wegla utlenionego poprzez zmniejszenie zawartości wilgoci w weglu utlenionym. Wyniki pokazują, ze flotacja z pecherzykami oleistymi jest bardziej efektywna, gdyz uzyskuje sie substancje organiczną (koncentraty wegla) o wyzszej zawartości substancji palnych niz w konwencjonalnym procesie flotacji. Wskaźnik efektywności procesu przy zastosowaniu flotacji olejowej jest rowniez wyzszy niz przy zastosowaniu kon­wencjonalnej flotacji.
Nutrient Management of Nursery Runoff Water using Constructed Wetland Systems

●ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. container nursery, nitrogen, phosphorus, surface-flow wetlands, compartmentalization, remediation SUMMARY. Substantial quantities of water and nutrients are required for the production of high value nursery and greenhouse crops. As water quality criteria are strengthened locally and nationally, horticultural enterprises will have to meet stricter limits on nutrients in discharge water. This study examined the effi cacy of an established vegetated surface-fl ow constructed wetland to mediate nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in runoff water from a commercial nursery over a period of 38 months. Maximum oxidized nitrogen [nitrate-N (NO 3 -N) + nitrite-N (NO 2 -N)] inputs occurred during the spring fertilization period of March through May (11.1 to 29.9 mg·L ‐1 N) and minimum inputs occurred during winter plant dormancy between December and February (2.8 to 5.2 mg·L ‐1 N). Nitrogen remediation effi ciency averaged 94.7% for March through November sampling dates but declined to a mean of 70.7% between December and February when mean wetland water temperature dropped below 15 °C. Orthophosphate phosphorus (PO 4 -P) concentrations in nursery runoff showed no dramatic changes over months, seasons, or years. Mean wetland infl uent orthophosphate concentration ranged from 0.7 to 2.2 mg·L ‐1 PO 4 -P with an overall mean of 1.41 mg·L ‐1 PO 4 -P for all months sampled. Mean discharge orthophosphate concentration ranged from 0.5 to 2.1 mg·L ‐1 PO 4 -P with a mean of 1.45 mg·L ‐1 PO 4 -P. Phosphorus remediation effi ciency varied widely and there was no correlation with water temperature. This 9.31-acre surface-fl ow constructed wetland was highly effi cient at removing N from nursery runoff from a 120-acre catchment (large container production area), although it failed to consistently lower orthophosphate levels in runoff. This type of constructed wetland is suitable for removing oxidized N forms from nursery runoff and, depending on size, is capable of handling the large volumes of runoff generated by medium to large nursery and greenhouse operations.
Quantifying the Effect of In-Domain Distributed Word Representations : A Study of Privacy Policies

Privacy policies are documents that describe what data is collected by a website or an app and how that data is handled. Privacy policies are often long and difficult to understand. Recently people have started to turn to Natural Language Processing (NLP) to automatically extract statements from the text of these policies. This article reports on a study to evaluate the benefits of using word embeddings in this endeavor. Specifically, we use 150,000 privacy policies to build word vectors in an unsupervised manner. This includes evaluating the benefits of privacy specific word embeddings. Evaluation is conducted on the OPP-115 corpus of privacy policy annotations. By building privacy-specific embeddings we hope to accelerate research at the intersection of privacy policies and language technologies.
Characterizing occupations that cannot work from home: a means to identify susceptible worker groups during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction As the COVID-19 pandemic spreads globally, public health guidance is advising all workers to work from home. However, not all workers are employed in occupations which can be done from home. These workers are at an increased risk for exposure to SARS-CoV-2due to increased interaction with the public and other workers, and also potentially at an increased risk for job displacement as more extreme public health measures (such as closing of retail operations or enforcing shelter in place) occur. Methods To characterize the occupations least likely to be able to work from home, national employment and wage data maintained by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) was merged with measures from the BLS O*NET survey data, which ranks occupations by a variety of physical, ergonomic, psychosocial, and structural exposures. Noting that the work that could most easily be done at home would be work done on a computer that does not rely on interaction with the public, O*NET measures quantifying the importance of computer use at work, and the importance of working with or performing for the public at work were utilized. Results From this analysis, 19.5% (28.2 M) of the United States workforce covered by O*NET are employed in occupations where working from home would be difficult, due to minimal use of computer at work, and a high level of interaction with the public. These workers tend to be in service occupations, including retail and food service, protective service occupations, and transportation occupations such as bus drivers. About 25% (35.6 M) of the United States workforce covered by O*NET are employed in occupations where working from home could likely be more easily accommodated, as these workers do much of their work on computers and interaction with the public is not important. These workers tend to be in technology, computer, management, administrative, financial, engineering, and some science occupations, which typically have higher pay than occupations which cannot be done at home. Conclusions The workers in occupations that have minimal computer use, and high interaction with the public are least likely to be able to work from home during a public health emergency. These workers could also be at an increased risk for job displacement if public-facing establishments close or alter their business model in the face of increased public health restrictions. Occupations where working from home is not possible tend to have lower annual median incomes than occupations where working from home is possible, increasing the vulnerability of these workers. Characterizing which occupational groups are least likely to be able to work from home can inform public health risk management and prioritize occupational sectors where additional workplace protections are necessary.
CATTmew: Defeating Software-Only Physical Kernel Isolation

All the state-of-the-art rowhammer attacks can break the MMU-enforced inter-domain isolation because the physical memory owned by each domain is adjacent to each other. To mitigate these attacks, physical domain isolation, introduced by CATT [7] , physically separates each domain by dividing the physical memory into multiple partitions and keeping each partition occupied by only one domain. CATT implemented physical kernel isolation as the first generic and practical software-only defense to protect kernel from being rowhammered as kernel is one of the most appealing targets. In this paper, we develop a novel exploit that could effectively defeat the CATT implementation and gain both root and kernel privileges, indicating that the physical kernel isolation is not secure in practice. Our exploit can work without exhausting the page cache or the system memory, or relying on the information of the virtual-to-physical address mapping. The exploit is motivated by our key observation that the modern OSes have double-owned kernel buffers (e.g., video buffers and SCSI Generic buffers) owned concurrently by the kernel and user domains. The existence of such buffers invalidates the physical separation enforced by CATT and makes the rowhammer-based attack possible again. Existing conspicuous rowhammer attacks achieving the root/kernel privilege escalation exhaust the page cache or even the whole system memory. Instead, we propose a new technique, named Memory Ambush. It is able to place the hammerable double-owned kernel buffers physically adjacent to the target objects (e.g., page tables) with only a small amount of memory. As a result, our exploit is stealthier and has fewer memory footprints. We also replace the inefficient rowhammer algorithm that blindly picks up addresses to hammer with an efficient one. Our algorithm selects suitable addresses based on an existing timing channel [31] . We implement our exploit on the Linux kernel version 4.10. 0. Our experiment results indicate that a successful attack could be done within 1 minute. The occupied memory is as low as 88 MB.
Stability of polymer jets in extension: physicochemical and rheological mechanisms

The review is devoted to the fundamental problems of physical chemistry and rheology posed in the analysis of stability loss of polymer jets in extension. Studies of phenomena occurring in deformation of polymeric fluids are of considerable applied interest because extension of polymeric fluids underlies many industrial processes, first of all, fibre spinning. Studies of critical conditions of deformation are based on general principles of fluid mechanics, which are applicable to all fluids and various phenomena in nature and technology. First we discuss solutions to classical problems of instability of liquid jets as the basis for further analysis of the behaviour of polymeric fluids in particular situations. Next, specific features of the deformation mechanisms and appearance of instabilities of polymeric fluid jets are considered as consequences of their physicochemical and rheological properties. The bibliography includes 162 references.