Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminary results of SARS-CoV-2 detection in sewerage system in Niterói municipality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

This study presents preliminary results from a sewage-based surveillance to monitor the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the municipality of Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. By using ultracentrifugation method associated to quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) we detected SARS-CoV-2 in 41.6% (5/12) of raw sewage samples obtained from sewage treatment plants and sewers network in the city. This pioneer study carried out in Brazil aims to subsidise information for health surveillance concerning the viral circulation in different areas of the city and, revealed the insertion and importance of environmental virology in health public policies.
Energy and Rangelands: A Perspective

On the Ground Depletion of conventional oil and natural gas reserves coupled to rising world demand for fossil fuels will have major impacts on US rangelands and ranches over the next 30 years. Shale oil and gas are unconventional fossil fuels now being aggressively developed on US rangelands. Their development involves a larger physical footprint in terms of roads, drill pads, mining pits, and water disposal ponds than conventional oil and gas development, but their development techniques are improving in terms of extraction efficiency and reduction of adverse environmental impacts. Groundwater contamination is the biggest potential threat to ranchers from shale oil and gas development. US ranchers will likely experience continued rising prices for their livestock due to world farmland loss, increased human population, and rising affluency in Asian countries, but their production costs will also rise due to higher energy costs. Implementing management practices involving risk aversion and minimization of fossil fuel use will be important for their future success. Basic principles of range management such as control of grazing intensity, grazing timing, animal distribution, and mix of animal species can be modified for management of energy developments on rangelands.
Bio-deterioration of kokum seeds as influenced by different packaging materials during storage

A lab experiment was carried out to study that seed physiological and biochemical parameters of kokum seed (Garcinia indica) as Influence by different packaging materials. Kokum is found all over the world, mostly in Asia and Africa. It is a fruit bearing tree. Seeds of kokum are used in extracting oil, which has many food and non food applications. Kokum seeds were stored in different packaging materials viz., cloth bag, polyethylene bag, jute bag, one in open pan under ambient conditions for a period of 270 days. The results of the study revealed that the least fluctuations in all seed physiological parameters such as moisture content and seed biochemical parameters viz., oil content, total mould count, free fatty acid and saponification values were recorded in polyethylene packed seeds than seeds in open pan, jute bag and cloth bag for kokum seeds throughout the storage period. Among the packaging materials, the seeds stored in polyethylene bags maintained the seed biochemical and seed physiological parameters with least deterioration compared to seeds stored in jute bag, cloth bag and open pan.
A comparative study of growth and feed utilization efficiency of sex‐reversed diploid and triploid Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L.

Growth performance, survival and feed utilization of diploid (2n) and triploid (3n) sex-reversed male and female Nile tilapia were evaluated at maintenance feeding (1% body weight (BW) day 1 ), ¢xed feeding (3% BWday 1 ) and apparent satiation feeding levels in a freshwater recirculation system comprised of thirty-six 1-m 3 concrete tanks at the Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok,Thailand. Triploid Nile tilapia (3n) was produced by subjecting fertilized diploid (2n) tilapia eggs to heat shock. After hatching, ¢sh were sex-reversed to all-male and allfemale populations by oral administration of 17 amethyltestosterone (60 mg kg 1 feed) and ethynylestradiol (100 mg kg 1 feed) respectively. There was signi¢cantly higher growth with increased ration levels in both male and female groups. There were no signi¢cant diierences in ¢nal BW, speci¢c growth rate, survival rate, feed conversion ratio and protein e⁄ciency ratio between diploid and triploid ¢sh. Triploids had lower gonad weights than diploids, and this was particularly evident at the satiation feeding level. Triploid ¢sh had a signi¢cantly higher apparent net protein utilization and percentage of gutted weight than diploids at all feeding levels. Higher protein utilization e⁄ciency of triploids might be an advantage for commercial tilapia culture but further research is necessary to make such a conclusion.
Accounting Choice and the Fair Value Option

SYNOPSIS Under the fair value option, SFAS No. 159, firms have full discretion over electing to report specified financial instruments at fair value on a contract-by-contract basis. Building on Henry's (2009) study of early adopting banks, this paper examines to what extent firms' election of instruments benefited their current or future earnings. Our sample comprises the constituents of the S&P 1500 Index for the first quarters of fiscal years 2007 and 2008. Expanding the sample across industries and over time allows us to obtain a more complete picture of the adoption of the fair value option. We identify 72 adopters, two-thirds of which are not commercial banks. We do not find evidence of systematic opportunistic election of the fair value option. In only a handful of cases—concentrated among early adopters with an earnings shortfall—did firms experience a significant improvement in current or future earnings that casts doubt on whether their adoption was keeping with the intent and spirit of the stand.
Plant species as predictors of soil pH: Replacing expert judgement with measurements

Abstract Question: The use of expert-based indicator values to estimate abiotic conditions from vegetation is widespread. However, recent research has shown that expert judgement may contain considerable bias and thereby introduces a large amount of uncertainty. Could expert based indicator values be replaced by indicator values based on field measurements? Location: Europe. Methods: We developed a method to estimate species response based on measured physical data, and a method to predict abiotic conditions from the vegetation composition using these responses. This method was tested for soil pH. Results: We were able to estimate the pH response of 556 species of the Dutch flora. Ca. 20% of the responses were, at least, bimodal and many responses had a very wide range. The simplest method (‘raw mean’) yielded the best prediction of pH; the indicator value of a species is the mean of the soil pH values of the sites where it was observed. A list of all raw-mean estimates per species is given. The predicted pH of a new site is the mean of the indicator values of the present species. The estimated species responses were validated on independent Dutch and European data sets. Older successional stages seem to be predicted better than younger stages. Conclusions: Our method performed better than the popular Ellenberg indicator system for the Dutch data set, while being just as easy to use, because it only needs a single value per species. We foresee that, when more data become available, our method has the potential to replace the Ellenberg system. Abbreviation: RMSEP = Root mean squared error prediction.
Determination of metabolisable energy of five cultivars of hulless barley using adult Leghorn cockerels

Hulless barley contains more digestible nutrients than do whole barleys due to a lower content of indigestible fibre, but also contains a higher concentration of β-glucans. The chemical composition and apparent metabolisable energy (AME) of five cultivars (3, 7, 12, 15 and KC-31) of hulless barley were determined with adult Leghorn cockerels using a precision-feeding method. Cultivars KC-31 and 15 had the highest (121 g/kg) and lowest (87 g/kg) levels of crude protein, respectively. The AMEn for the five cultivars was 13.91, 12.20, 12.88, 13.23 and 10.95 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The true metabolisable energy corrected for nitrogen of the above cultivars was 14.37, 12.66, 13.34, 13.69 and 11.41 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Cultivar 3 contained the highest AME and TME levels, and differences between cultivars were significant. In general hulless barley can be used as a source of energy in poultry diets.
Nanodisks: hydrophobic drug delivery vehicles

Members of the class of exchangeable apolipoproteins possess the unique capacity to transform phospholipid vesicle substrates into nanoscale disk-shaped bilayers. This reaction can proceed in the presence of exogenous hydrophobic biomolecules, resulting in the formation of novel transport vehicles termed nanodisks (NDs). The objective of this study is to describe the structural organization of NDs and evaluate the utility of these complexes as hydrophobic biomolecule transport vehicles. The topics presented focus on two distinct water insoluble drugs, amphotericin B (AMB) and all trans retinoic acid (ATRA). In vitro and in vivo studies reveal that AMB–ND display potent anti-fungal and anti-protozoal activity, while ATRA–ND show promise in the treatment of cancer. The versatility conferred by the presence of a polypeptide component provides opportunities for targeted delivery of ND to cells.
Something for Everyone?: Changes and Choices in the Ethno-Party Scene in Urban Nightlife

The urban population is becoming increasingly diverse and growing (ethnic) diversity is having a singular effect on nightlife in Dutch cities. By studying the motivation behind and nightlife choices of the young people who participate in ethno-party scenes, Boogaarts-de Bruin investigates how the changing urban population affects the supply side of the nightlife market using an analytical model she has developed and which she calls the model of structured choice. This approach is sensitive to the flexible use of the processes of agency and structure due to the systematic distinction that it makes between societal and personal factors. Accordingly, it is revealed that in order to analyze and adequately explain the nightlife experiences of and choices made by ethnic youngsters, an integrated model is required which centralizes the interaction between the structural strategies of the producers on the one hand and the personal preferences and agency of the consumers on the other. What is more, this book demonstrates that nightlife has changed because of the increasing ethnic diversity of the Dutch population. Finally, in the epilogue, the fieldwork results are discussed in light of the currently heated debate regarding the integration processes of ethnic minority young people (in nightlife).
The emergence of verse templates through iterated learning

Every language produces some type of verse in the form of songs, poems or nursery rhymes, which can be analysed as a layer of words set to a template (e.g. a tune, a poetic metre). Verse templates typically consist of hierarchically organised sections: songs are made up of stanzas, divided into lines, containing bars, etc. We hypothesise that this kind of patterns may emerge in the process of cultural transmission; unstructured sound sequences impose a challenge to short-term memory, but chunking the input makes it easier to parse and reproduce the sequences accurately. In order to test this hypothesis, we have run an iterated learning experiment where random sequences of syllables are evolved across four transmission chains with ten generations of subjects each (all native Dutch speakers). The initial random sequences are generated by concatenating twelve tokens of the set { ban, bi, ta, tin }, as a way to materialise the abstract verse templates without using content-words. More precisely, the experiment aims to model the sequences of nonsense syllables used in many traditions to communicate the rhythmic patterns underlying songs (e.g. bols in Hindustani music, lalay patterns in Berber verse). Participants listened to the sequences of syllables, and tried to reproduce them using four computer keys, each mapped to one of the four syllables used in the input sequences. The relative timing of the participants’ responses were normalised so that the input always consisted of completely isochronous sequences. Overall, the results show that sequences become shorter, easier to recall and more structured in the transmission process. Some regularities can be related to a global tendency to chunk the input and increase the popularity of a handful of ngrams. Besides, sequences increasingly tend to be opened by a heavy syllable (e.g. ban ) and closed by a light syllable (e.g. ta ), which can derive from a Dutch-specific bias.
GENE ACTION AND COMBINING ABILITY IN TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum MILL.) BY LINE X TESTER ANALYSIS

This investigation was conducted to study the possibility of improving some tomato traits. In this respect, during successive early summer seasons of 2008 – 2010 at Zifta distract, MiddleDelta Region, a line x tester analysis was made in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with eleven femal parents (breed lines) and three male parents (testers) to determine the components of genetic variance, gene action and combining ability effects for some growth and fruit characters. All studied traits, i.e., plant height, main stem length, number of primary branches and leaves, early and total yield, as well as, average fruit weight, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS%) and vitamin C content of fruit have closer values of σg and σp. The G.C. V. and V.C. V%, which was confirmed by the estimated of G.C. V. /P.C. V. ratios (ranged from 0.91 to 0.99) and broad sense heritability (hbs) values (ranged from 0.85 to 0.98), suggesting less effect of environmental and the large portion of σp was due to the σg on these traits. The magnitude of variance due to general and specific combining abilites were highly significant indicating the importance of the additive (σA) and non-additive (σD) gene actions. However, the ratios of σGCA/ σSCA (<1) and σA/σD (<1) revealed the preponderance of non-additive variance in the inheritance of all the studied traits. The estimated average degree of dominance (0.76 and 0.90) revealed partial and complete dominance for average fruit weight and TSS % content, respectively, while revealed over-dominance (>1) for the remaining traits. The parental lines G.16, S.65, G.30 and the tester G.19 were found to be the most desirable general combiner (they possessed dominant genes) for seven, six, five and six traits, respectively. The cross combinations S.60 x G.19, S.125 x G. 19, G.30 x SSB and G.30 x Peto 86 considered the best specific combinations since showed significant SCA values for five traits. The results also suggested the possibility of improvement of these tomato traits through recurrent selection and hybrid breeding program.
Termination of hull-imposed dormancy in developing barley grains is correlated with changes in embryonic ABA levels and sensitivity

Abstract We studied changes in dormancy (as imposed by the different structures surrounding the embryo, namely, endosperm, pericarp and glumellae) and its relationship with changes in embryonic ABA levels and sensitivity, in developing grains of two commercial barley cultivars: B 1215 and Quilmes Palomar, which have, respectively, a low and high dormancy level at harvest and, consequently, a contrasting sprouting behaviour in rainy years. Dormancy imposed by endosperm plus pericarp was gradually and similarly alleviated throughout development in both cultivars. The presence of the hull (glumellae), in contrast, completely inhibited germination of grains from both cultivars until physiological maturity (PM). From there on, hull-imposed dormancy was removed abruptly in B 1215 grains, while in Q. Palomar ones, it was removed at a much lower rate. This difference determined the contrasting sprouting behaviour of these two cultivars within the ‘time window’ going from PM to crop harvest. Embryonic ABA content and sensitivity were similar in the two cultivars throughout development until PM. From there on, ABA content and sensitivity in B 1215 embryos declined dramatically coinciding with the abrupt termination of hull-imposed dormancy observed in this cultivar. In contrast, ABA levels in Q. Palomar embryos remained high for longer and sensitivity to ABA declined at a much slower rate. This correlation suggests that hull-imposed dormancy in barley might be regulated by embryonic ABA levels and / or sensitivity. Inhibition of GA synthesis with paclobutrazol applied after anthesis lowered the germination capacity of grains from both cultivars without altering that of the naked caryopses, thus further suggesting that hull-imposed dormancy is under hormonal control.
Knowledge sharing

Purpose Academics research productivity is the pinnacle issue of higher learning institution (HLI) quest for providing the best service for the community and a country’s as a whole. Being productive in their area of expertise will determine how far HLI can challenge for the best education in the world. In lieu of this, knowledge sharing (KS) behavior determinants are assessed to determine what factors that can contribute to academic’s research productivity. Design/methodology/approach A quota sampling method was applied in selecting academics from public and private universities in Malaysia. A partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used for analysis. Findings The results show that academics productivity explained variance is 22.6 per cent. This suggests that academics KS behavior has substantial impact on research productivity. As for determinants of academic’s attitude, academics commitment, trust and social network constituted an explained variance of 36.4 per cent. Management support has an explained variance of 38.7 per cent towards subjective norm, while facilitating condition and social media has an explained variance of 26.5 per cent towards perceived behavioral control (PBC). Academics KS intention and KS behavior explained variance were 62.1 and 47.1 per cent, respectively. Research limitations/implications All the hypotheses result in significant relationship except for H1, commitment toward attitude. The impact of this study will be discussed in term of its theoretical and managerial perspectives. Originality/value The KS behavior in a multiracial and multinational country in Malaysia can be a benchmark for Asian countries in general.
Instream Flow Regimens for Fish, Wildlife, Recreation and Related Environmental Resources

Abstract A quick, easy methodology is described for determining flows to protect the aquatic resources in both warmwater and coldwater streams, based on their average flow. Biologists do their analysis with aid of hydrological data provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Detailed field studies were conducted on 11 streams in 3 states between 1964 and 1974, testing the “Montana Method. ” This work involved physical, chemical, and biological analyses of 38 different flows at 58 cross-sections on 196 stream-miles, affecting both coldwater and warmwater fisheries. The studies, all planned, conducted, and analyzed with the help of state fisheries biologists, reveal that the condition of the aquatic habitat is remarkably similar on most of the streams carrying the same portion of the average flow. Similar analyses of hundreds of additional flow regimens near USGS gages in 21 different states during the past 17 years substantiated this correlation on a wide variety of streams. Ten percent of the average fl.
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION LEVELS AND RICE STRAW COMPOST RATES ON YIELD, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF CABBAGE (Brassica oleraceae var. Capitata L.)

Organic fertilizer and water management are essential factors for achieving adequate cabbage development and productivity. Two field experiments were conducted in a clay loam soil at a private farm located at Aga district, Dakahlia governorate, Egypt, during the two successive seasons of 2009 and 2010. The effect of three irrigation levels (35, 45 and 55% depletion from the available soil moisture), three rice straw compost rates (0, 5 and 10 ton/fed.) and their interactions were studied on yield, chemical composition and water use efficiency of cabbage cv. Balady Mohassan. Results indicated that the water deficit treatment (irrigation at 55% depletion from the available soil moisture throughout growing season) had significant decreases in outer leaves weight, edible head weight, edible head diameter, marketable yield, N, P and K accumulation in head leaves and seasonal applied water, and had significant increases in nitrate accumulation in inner leaves and water use efficiency in both seasons. On the other hand, all studied characters except seasonal applied water were significantly increased with increasing rice straw compost rates in both seasons. The interaction between the two studied factors had significant effects on all the studied parameters in both seasons. Generally, it could be concluded that the treatment of 45% depletion from the available soil moisture within 10 ton rice straw compost per fedden was the best combination and it is recommended for cabbage cv. Balady Mohassan grown under similar field conditions in order to get higher economical yield and to save irrigation water.
BACTERIAL DEGRADATION OF BLACK AND WHITE FEATHERS

Abstract When feather-degrading Bacillus licheniformis is grown in culture, it secretes a keratinase that hydrolyzes the β-keratin matrix of a feather, thereby releasing oligopeptides that dissolve into the medium surrounding the feather and feather-degrading bacilli. These peptides absorb light passed through a sample of medium from which feather fragments, melanin granules, and bacteria have been removed by centrifugation. Samples of medium in which white, nonmelanic feathers are degrading absorb more light than samples of medium in which black, melanic feathers are degrading, which indicates that more oligopeptides are dissolved in medium surrounding white feathers than in medium surrounding black feathers. The differential absorption of light supports the conclusion that B. licheniformis degrades white feathers more rapidly than black feathers.
Accounting Doctoral Program Rankings Based on Research Productivity of Program Graduates

SYNOPSIS: This paper presents rankings of accounting doctoral programs based on the research productivity of each institution’s graduates in the years immediately following their graduation. We use two time periods for analysis: the first three years after graduation and the first six years after graduation. We extend previous doctoral program ranking literature by expanding rankings of accounting doctoral programs with specific rankings for topical areas (accounting information systems [AIS], audit, financial, managerial, and tax) and methodologies (analytical, archival, and experimental). We show that rankings for topical and methodological areas differ significantly from rankings produced using methodologies that create a singular doctoral program ranking. These results emphasize the importance of considering topical and methodological areas when assessing doctoral program research strengths. These rankings should be of value to Ph.D. program applicants, administrators of academic programs, and industr.