Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aspects of the reproductive phenology of Lessonia trabeculata (Laminariales: Phaeophyceae) from three populations in northern Chile

Abstract Lessonia trabeculata is a brown seaweed inhabiting the rocky subtidal zone along the coast of central and northern Chile, where it is the dominant kelp, and an important species in community structure. Morphological and reproductive aspects of this alga are dependent on environmental conditions and geographic distribution, and the present study gives data on its reproductive periodicity. The reproductive phenology for three populations from northern Chile (29–30°S) was evaluated by means of seasonal examination of morphological and reproductive characteristics of both macroscopic sporophytes and microscopic gametophytes. Comparative laboratory cultures of spores were made to determine seasonal differences in their capacity to produce viable plants. This species is perennial, and demonstrates year‐round presence of reproductive tissues, although showing variation in reproductive phenology over time and among populations. The size of blades increases in spring and summer, whereas its reproductive potential (e.g., area and proportion of the reproductive tissue and the release of spores) increases in autumn. Culture experiments showed that spring and summer reproductive tissue released zoospores which had low germination rates compared to those of autumn and winter, and which produced female gametophytes of low fertility. The population differences depended on the character analysed and the season of the year. The development of both phases of the life cycle of L. trabeculata may be influenced by the local environmental conditions and their seasonal changes, and were expressed as morphological and/ or reproductive changes in the plants. A better understanding of the seasonal adaptations may be obtained if future comparisons are made between widely separated populations or between individuals from the extremes of geographic distribution of the species.
Distribution of Candida dubliniensis from Denture Membrane Surfaces

It is difficult to separate Candida dubliniensis from Candida albicans in clinical specimens, because the phenotypic characteristics of C.dubliniensis are similar to those of C.albicans. In this study, we examined the distribution of C. dubliniensis from denture membrane surfaces and the genotype of C. albicans. Twenty-two subjects provided samples obtained using swabs from the denture membrane surfaces of worn dentures. CHROMagar Candida medium was used for the isolation of Candida spp. Candida spp. were detected in 18 of the 22 subjects, and Candida spp. constituted 0.256% (range: 0~1.41%) of the total cultivable microorganisms. C. dubliniensis was detected in 5 of 18 subjects (27.8%). C. dubliniensis was found in coexistence with C. albicans or C. glabrata. As a result of the classification of C. albicans by genotype analysis, the predominant genotype was found to be A. In conclusion, we found that C. dubliniensis was present in healthy denture-wearing individuals.
WORKING LIFE AND FAMILY LIFE

The relationship between work and family is changing. A question is raised about whether practice measures up to changed thinking concerning the interface between working life and family life. A study titled ‘Daily transitions between home, child day-care centre and workplace’ throws light on the Norwegian situation. This project takes its point of departure from what happens at the start and at the end of a workday seen from the perspective of parents with children attending day-care, staff in their day-care centres and leaders in enterprises which are the workplace of one of the parents. The article builds mainly on the interviews with company managers. It is suggested that the workplaces send ambiguous messages about their conception of the relationship between work and family and about equal opportunity issues and that this creates problems — for individuals, particularly women, and for families and workplaces. Some possibilities for improvement of the situation in the world of work are suggested.
Morphological changes in the facial region and a model of dental growth and wear pattern development in Nothrotheriops shastensis

ABSTRACT Specimens of Nothrotheriops shastensis (25 juvenile mandibles or fragments, and 22 maxillae and fragments) from San Josecito Cave, Mexico, Shelter Cave, Conkling Cavern, Rampart Cave, and the tar seeps at Rancho La Brea were examined to determine (1) the patterns of tooth growth, eruption, and wear, and (2) the pattern of anterior facial growth. Although they lack enamel, sloth teeth have a hard outer layer of dentine structurally distinct from the softer central dentine. These two dentine types were present in all specimens, including the smallest juvenile (length of mandibular tooth row = 20.3 mm). Some tooth wear was present in all specimens. The alveoli for the ever-growing teeth extend to the ventral border of the mandibular ramus in adult sloths but not in juveniles. Both maxillary and mandibular tooth roots in juvenile sloths are tilted and curved, but in adults are more vertical and straight. Changes in tooth size and orientation during growth result in size and shape changes in the occlu.
Cellular, molecular and physiological aspects of leptin: Potential application in animal production

This review encompasses the biochemistry and physiology of the newly discovered adipose hormone, leptin. Leptin appears to fulfill the role of the long sought after "lipostat", which functions to regulate energy intake in relation to body stores in the form of fat. Leptin is a 16 000 Dalton polypeptide which interacts with specific receptors in the hypothalamus to regulate food intake and body fat stores. Leptin receptors exist in several forms, which can be divided into those with small cytoplasmic domains and one with a single long cytoplasmic tail. The latter is thought to mediate most of leptin's effects, acting through the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway. Several reports have shown direct effects of leptin on tissues with the short form of the leptin receptor. Specific effects of leptin on appetite, energy metabolism and reproduction are reviewed. Leptin may prove to be most useful to animal producers as a stimulant of the reproductive system or as a molecular marker to genetically select livest.
Effect of Tree Spacing on Vegetative Growth and Reproduction in an Early Growth Stage in Two Cultivars of Ficus carica L.

The nursery stocks of two fig varieties, ‘Masui dauphine’ and ‘Houraishi’ (Ficus carica L.), were raised by cutting in a nursery, transplanted with changing tree density to an experiment field on July 8, 2004, and cultivated using straight-line training in the Agricultural Food and Environmental Science Research Center of Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The density grades per 1.0-a land area (100 m2) were 200, 66.7, 40, and 6.06. The growth of the aboveground vegetative parts of each tree was monitored at irregular intervals in 2005 by measuring the length and diameter of three organs, i.e. trunk, primary scaffold limb and fruit-bearing shoots. The linear dimensions of the three organs were transformed into dry weight values of woody organs and leaves, giving individual vegetative weight per tree. The fruit were harvested daily during the fruiting season from August to December 2005. The mean values of individual vegetative weight at different densities were approximated well by the reciprocal equation of the C-D effect (hereafter, the SK model), which was proposed by Shinozaki and Kira ca. 50 years ago. Mean annual fruit production per tree at a given density grade was also covered by the SK model, suggesting the clear effect of density on vegetative growth and fruit production in young fig monocultures. The coefficients of the equation conformed to conventional recognition about the poorer vegetative growth and richer fruit harvest in ‘Masui dauphine’ than in ‘Houraishi’. The observed density dependency of the reproductive allocation (RA) represented the decrease of RA with the increase of density in two cultivars although the predicted density dependency of RA was contradictory to that of the observation of the ‘Masui dauphine’.
Allergy to Locusts and Acridid Grasshoppers: a Review

Abstract Concise characterization of allergy is presented and allergy to insects is discussed. Three kinds of allergy to locusts and grasshoppers are reviewed: 1) occupational allergy, i.e, allergy of personnel working with rearing and breeding these insects; 2) allergic reactions to acridid aggregations in the field; and 3) food allergy. Occupational allergy is the major subject, detailing the results of several relevant studies. Some inconsistent issues regarding reports on field allergy are illuminated and anaphylactic reaction to consumption of locusts/grasshoppers is discussed. Prevention and treatments of allergy to locusts and grasshoppers are described. Approximate molecular masses of locust allergens, as found in three studies, are summarized. A major allergen is the peritrophic membrane (today often termed peritrophic matrix or peritrophic envelope) which is secreted by the gut and excreted as a wrapping around the feces. It is concluded that the molecular structure of locust and grasshopper allergens should be revealed for full characterization.
Physiology of Luteinizing Hormone - Releasing Hormone

It is now abundantly clear that the hypothalamus controls the moment-to-moment secretion of gonad otropins by means of brain peptides released into the hypophyseal portal system of veins. 1 These veins convey the peptides down the pituitary stalk to stim ulate the secretion of gonadotropins from pituitary cells specialized to secrete these glycoproteins. That the control was neurohumoral rather than exerted via a direct secretomotor innervation of the pitutary was suggested by a variety of experiments, partic ularly those carried out by Harris and his coworkers. These experiments prompted attempts to prepare extracts of the median eminence and stalk and to test their capability to stimulate gonadotropin secretion.
Presidential reflections

I have had the honor and pleasure of serving on the Executive Board of the Central States Communication Association from 1999-2002. As President-Elect, I planned the 2000 conference in Detroit. Then I served as President when our annual meeting was held in my home city of Cincinnati in 2001. From an officer's perspective, I can say that CSCA is fiscally viable and rests on a solid organizational structure with committed leadership'and a loyal core of membership. Our annual conference offers diverse programming and a full venue of social and networking opportunities. We offer professional development to those new in their communication careers and we recognize and reward excellence in scholarship and teaching. Our journal publishes high quality original scholarship which represents the diversity of the study of human communication, regardless of philosophical, theoretical or methodological underpinnings. Our organizational health should not be taken lightly, for we have had a remarkable recovery from the mid 1980's when a financial crisis brought the Association to the verge of folding (Trent, 1999). Let me offer my vision of trends and issues facing CSCA early in the new millennium. Some of these issues are not new, but have presented challenges to our Association for many years. Others are unique to this time and place in our Association's history. While they are separated for the sake of organization of this article, many of these issues intertwine. Each one impinges on each other and affects the entire Central States Communication Association.
Temporal variability in settlement of a coastal fish (Sillaginodes punctata) determined by low‐frequency hydrodynamics

The temporal pattern of settlement of King George whiting (Sillaginodes punctata) in Port Phillip Bay, Australia, was compared with the temporal ingress of passive particles to the bay from adjacent coastal waters, predicted by a numerical hydrodynamic and dispersal model. The settlement data and the numerical model showed significantly correlated pulsing on an approximate 10-14-d period. Pulsing was not obviously associated with individual oceanographic or climatic variables but was most likely caused by a combination of factors related to the passage of pressure systems and associated rotating winds that occur on a 7-14-d cycle in this region. Such factors may include low-frequency oscillations related to barometric pressure, reversals in longshore currents, and coastal trapped waves. Additionally, these processes would interact with the spring-neap tidal cycle. The strong tidal currents in the region of settlement may overwhelm the behavioral responses of larvae and cause them to act as passive particles. High interannual variability in recruitment of S. punctata may relate to variation in the frequency and timing of hydrodynamic events that allow transport of larvae to juvenile habitats
Determinação do período de coleta total de excretas para estimativa dos valores de energia metabolizável em frangos de corte

The effects of total excreta collection period length on estimated values of metabolizable energy [apparent (AME) and nitrogen corrected (AMEn)] were evaluated in broiler chickens from 19 to 23 days of age. Five treatments with six replicates were used in a randomized block design, in a total of 300 broiler chicks for the control and 300 broiler chicks for the reference diet. The control replaced 40% of reference diet with corn. After diet adaptation (four days), total excreta collection was performed during 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 days, that consisted the treatments. Data were submitted to ANOVA using the GLM procedure of SAS (2001), with subsequent multiple mean comparison using Tukey test. Observed mean values of metabolizable energy for corn, as-fed basis, for the collection periods (1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 days) with the respective coefficients of variation (%), for AME (kcal/kg) were: 3,814 (7.26), 3,511 (5.32), 3,563 (2.51), 3,512 (1.31), and 3,489 (1.00) and for AMEn (kcal/kg) were: 3,709 (6.68), 3,434 (4.85), 3,482 (2.31), 3,438 (1.11), and 3,423 (1.03), respectively. It was concluded that a 4-d collection period is recommended to compose corn ME data with the same confidence as those of 5-d collection period.
Nesting densities, productivity and survival of breeding Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus in Shetland

Between 1986 and 1988 data on the nesting densities, productivity, and survival of breeding Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus were collected from 5 study sites in the Northern Isles of Shetland. Nesting densities on sites varied between 11 and 21 pairs per 100 ha. Few studies elsewhere have recorded such high densities of nesting Whimbrel as those on certain sites used in the present study. Each breeding pair produced an average of between 0.75 and 0.91 fledglings per year. Productivity varied considerably between different study sites however, primarily because of differences in the survival rate of chicks between hatching and fledging (ranging from 3% to 55% in one year). The annual survival rate of breeding adults was at least 89%. Considering adult survival in relation to overall productivity, it appears likely that the production of fledglings from study sites is in excess of that required to balance adult mortality. This result is consistent with the current increase of the Whimbrel population in Shetland.
The response of decomposers (earthworms, springtails and microorganisms) to variations in species and functional group diversity of plants

The responses of three decomposer groups (earthworms, springtails and microorganisms) to manipulations in plant species diversity (1, 2, 4, 8), plant functional group diversity (1, 2, 3, 4) and functional group identity (grasses, legumes, small herbs, tall herbs) were studied in a microcosm experiment. Separate and combined treatments with earthworms and springtails were set up. Two earthworm species representing major functional groups of earthworms in grasslands were investigated, the endogeic species Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny) and the anecic species Lumbricus terrestris L. For springtails three species were investigated, the hemiedaphic species Heteromurus nitidus (Leleup), Folsomia candida (Willem) and the euedaphic species Protaphorura fimata (Gisin). Plant species and functional group diversity beneficially affected A. caliginosa (increase in body weight and incorporation of 15 N from labelled litter) and P. fimata (density), presumably by changing the quality of belowground resources. In contrast, the biomass of L. terrestris decreased with plant species diversity but only in presence of legumes. For H. nitidus and F. candida the identity of plant functional groups was more important than plant species diversity per se. Also, the response of F. candida depended on earthworms. Microbial respiration was reduced by earthworms in more diverse plant communities, which correlated with root biomass. In contrast, microbial biomass was not affected by plant species diversity. The results suggest that belowground resource inputs from plant roots strongly modify decomposer performance and that the quality of the resources that enter the belowground subsystem is more important than their quantity. The responses of decomposers generally were not correlated with below- or aboveground plant productivity. In addition, the results document that effects of plant community composition on the performance of decomposer species depend on the presence of other decomposers.
Influência de fragmentos de cerrado na distribuição de ácaros em seringal

The aim of this study was to verify whether fragments of cerrado influence the composition of the mite fauna on rubber trees. Five transects distant 50 m, being the first in the edge near the native areas and the last 200 m inside the crop, were established in each rubber tree crop in southern State of Mato Grosso. In each transect five plants were chosen, and seven leaves were collected from each plant. During one year, 25 quantitative samplings were conducted in two rubber tree crops. The lowest number of phytophagous mites occurred in the transect closer to the native vegetation, and the highest number, in the most distant from the native vegetation. The largest diversity was also observed in the transect closer to the neighboring vegetation. Ten species of predatory mites were also registered in neighboring native areas. These data suggest the movement of predatory mites from the native areas to the monoculture. These natural areas can possibly supply alternative food and habitat for natural enemies of phytophagous mites in the period of food scarceness in the rubber tree crop. The presence of native areas close to culture areas should be taken into account in the elaboration of programs of ecological management of pests.
A developmental study of the early stages in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza formation

A new experimental procedure was developed to produce samples of leek roots containing early stages in colonization by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. This procedure involved transplanting leek seedlings into a pot culture containing an established symbiosis. Abundant colonization of seedling roots occurred in 1 week. Samples harvested at 2-day intervals after exposure to the inoculum were used to determine the time course of colonization. Contact of the root by external hyphae occurred after approximately 1 day, followed by penetration of hyphae into the root at about 2 days, arbuscule formation within 3–4 days, and vesicle formation after 4–5 days. The average distance from growing root apices at which each of the above events first occurred and the growth rate of intercellular hyphae were also estimated. Stages in root colonization were then documented using the chlorazol black E staining procedure. This transplant procedure should allow the production of abundant material at early stages.
Locking Up Emotion: Moving Beyond Dissonance for Understanding Emotion Labor Discomfort

Using qualitative data gathered among correctional officers and a post-structuralist theoretical lens, this study suggests that emotion labor—the instrumental use and suppression of emotion—is more difficult when societal discourses and organizational processes limit employees’ ability to maintain preferred understandings of identity. The paper provides rich description of the complex web of emotion norms faced by correctional officers and then makes the case that identity, power, hidden transcripts, role distancing behaviors, strategic interaction, and organizational identification affect the ease of emotion work. The analysis moves beyond extant research's focus on emotive dissonance, or a clash between “true” feeling and “false” emotional display, to highlight the roles of macro discourses and everyday organizational practices in understanding the discomfort of emotion labor.
Evaluation of Aqueous Humor as a Surrogate for Serum Biochemistry in California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of post mortem aqueous humor analysis in estimating serum chemistry in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Serum and aqueous humor from the left eye were collected from 35 sea lions that were euthanized due to poor prognosis. Each animal was examined post mortem, and each head was preserved at ambient temperature. Aqueous humor was collected from the right eye either 24 or 48 h after death. All samples were analyzed with an automated chemistry analyzer by bichromatic photometry and potentiometry. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, sodium, chloride, and magnesium showed significant positive linear relationships between serum and aqueous humor values both at the time of death and 24 h later. For aqueous humor sampled after 48 h, the relationships were only significant for blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. For the remaining chemistry parameters, the relationship between levels of those from serum and in aqueous humor were not significant. Serum and aqueous humor collected from 15 animals diagnosed with renal failure were evaluated for antibodies to Leptospira using the microscopic agglutination test. All tested sera were positive for L. interrogans serovar pomona, with titers greater than 1:25,600. Of titers tested in the aqueous humor, 56% were positive, having values of 1:200 to 1:12,800. These results indicate that an accurate estimate of serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine can be made from the analysis of aqueous humor at necropsy of California sea lions within 48 h of death, facilitating the diagnosis of renal failure in beached carcasses (one of the most common causes of death in wild sea lions).
Interval Estimation for the Sortino Ratio and the Omega Ratio

In this article, asymptotic confidence intervals (CIs) for the Sortino and Omega ratios are proposed and analyzed. First, the CIs are derived under the assumption of temporal independence and identical distribution of returns. Later they are obtained assuming that the returns process is strictly stationary and α-mixing of a certain size. In order to evaluate the minimum sample size for a good coverage accuracy of the asymptotic CIs, a simulation study is performed. It is obtained that the minimum sample sizes are very high, especially under the more realistic assumption of not-iid returns.
Complete convergence for weighted sums of extended negatively dependent random variables

ABSTRACT In this article, the complete convergence for weighted sums of extended negatively dependent (END, in short) random variables without identical distribution is investigated. In addition, the complete moment convergence for weighted sums of END random variables is also obtained. As an application, the Baum–Katz type result for END random variables is established. The results obtained in the article extend the corresponding ones for independent random variables and some dependent random variables.