Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate change refugia for the flora and fauna of England

A variety of evidence suggests that species have, in the past, been able to withstand the effects of climatic change in localised environments known as refugia, where specific environmental conditions acted as a buffer against broader-scale climatic changes. Therefore, an important question for conservation is whether refugia might exist under current and future anthropogenic climate change. If there are areas that are likely to remain relatively climatically stable and so enable species to persist despite climate change making surrounding areas unsuitable, identifying and protecting these places will be an important part of future conservation strategies. This report is part of a project that is investigating this question. The report was commissioned to identify the characteristics of potential refugia, to investigate evidence for the existence of contemporary refugia by analysing patterns of local persistence and disappearance of over 1000 species across a range of taxa, and to identify sites in England with the potential to function as refugia for different taxonomic groups at a range of spatial scales.
“Dia Dikader”: Women’s NGOs roles, networks, and the agency of women’s legislative candidates in West Sumatra

ABSTRACT Previous research, on the representation of women in the Indonesian parliament in the 2019 General Election, identifies two common strategies used by women legislative candidates to win. One is to draw on women's networks to mobilize support and the other is to rely on the dynastic power. This paper contributes to existing studies by exploring the vital role of women NGOs in supplying and preparing women's legislative candidates through a case study of the West Sumatra Provincial Parliament in the 2019 General Election. Qualitative research methods were used for this research, drawing on in-depth interviews with women legislative candidates of West Sumatra Provincial Parliament and women activists. This paper reveals that the rise of women candidates in West Sumatra was “prepared” (dikader) by women's NGOs, namely Koalisi Perempuan Indonesia of West Sumatra and Wanita Islam of West Sumatra. These women NGOs have played an important role in getting women elected by providing political training, consultation, moral support, and access to women's networks. Women NGOs' support for these women candidates arose from their long-term socio-political relationship. This research has also revealed that the women candidates exercised a great deal of agency in reaching the voters through these women's NGOs and networks.
Towards a Modern Leadership: Sustainable Development-Oriented Management

The new context generated by the series of crises having occurred at the global level (the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ukraine war, the price increases) brings to our attention the sustainable development-oriented management of organisations. The purpose of this paper is to outline the importance of adapting management styles to the requirements of the current economic context and to the sustainability-related challenges. The efficient communication, the cohesion, and the development of personal relationships are essential for creating a productive and pleasant work environment. The main research methods used in order to achieve such a goal are: principal component analysis, matching propensity score, binary logistic regression, multilevel binary logistic regression
Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology

This study reports for the first time the use of a vanadium chloroperoxidase (vCPO) enzyme to increase the chemical diversity of marine fungal extracts to generate new natural chemical entities. The vCPO used is a recombinant protein from the marine fungus Hortaea werneckii ( Hw vCPO). It catalyzes the formation of hypohalous acid (HOX), a highly reactive compound that can react with electron-rich substrates. Here, four fungal extracts obtained from different marine fungal strains ( Penicillium expansum , Aspergillus pseudoglaucus , Trichoderma sp. and Hortaea werneckii ) were investigated for enhancement of their chemical diversity. The metabolomic study showed that the enzymatic treatment of extracts of P. expansum and A. pseudoglaucus significantly boosted the chemodiversity by increasing the number of halogenated molecules. Indeed, respectively 5.07 and 6.65 times more halogenated ions were detected in ESI-MS profile of the extracts compared to negative controls. The new chemistry generated allowed the identification of new brominated compounds, one of which was further purified and characterized as 12-bromo-communesin A ( 2 ). This new compound, in contrast to communesin A ( 1 ), exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity on the methillicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (IC 50 of 62 μ M). This study has clearly demonstrated the employment of the vCPO enzyme to be a promising and environmentally friendly strategy to enhance the chemical diversity of natural extracts.
Rapid transient and longer-lasting innate cytokine changes associated with adaptive immunity after repeated SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinations

Introduction Cytokines and chemokines play an important role in shaping innate and adaptive immunity in response to infection and vaccination. Systems serology identified immunological parameters predictive of beneficial response to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in COVID-19 infection-naïve volunteers, COVID-19 convalescent patients and transplant patients with hematological malignancies. Here, we examined the dynamics of the serum cytokine/chemokine responses after the 3rd BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in a cohort of COVID-19 infection-naïve volunteers. Methods We measured serum cytokine and chemokine responses after the 3rd dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA (Pfizer/BioNtech) vaccine in COVID-19 infection-naïve individuals by a chemiluminescent assay and ELISA. Anti-Spike binding antibodies were measured by ELISA. Anti-Spike neutralizing antibodies were measured by a pseudotype assay. Results Comparison to responses found after the 1st and 2nd vaccinations showed persistence of the coordinated responses of several cytokine/chemokines including the previously identified rapid and transient IL-15, IFN-γ, CXCL10/IP-10, TNF-α, IL-6 signature. In contrast to the transient (24hrs) effect of the IL-15 signature, an inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine signature (CCL2/MCP-1, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β, CXCL8/IL-8, IL-1Ra) remained at higher levels up to one month after the 2nd and 3rd booster vaccinations, indicative of a state of longer-lasting innate immune change. We also identified a systemic transient increase of CXCL13 only after the 3rd vaccination, supporting stronger germinal center activity and the higher anti-Spike antibody responses. Changes of the IL-15 signature, and the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine profile correlated with neutralizing antibody levels also after the 3rd vaccination supporting their role as immune biomarkers for effective development of vaccine-induced humoral responses. Conclusion These data revealed that repeated SARS-Cov-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination induces both rapid transient as well as longer-lasting systemic serum cytokine changes associated with innate and adaptive immune responses. Clinical trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04743388.
Research on Transmission Line Hardware Identification Based on Improved YOLOv5 and DeblurGANv2

To precisely identify high voltage transmission line fittings and guide a line patrol robot in executing obstacle-crossing maneuvers tailored to diverse fittings, a real-time detection network based on deep learning DeblurGANv2 and YOLOv5 target detection algorithm was proposed. Addressing challenges inherent in the YOLOv5 algorithm, characterized by a substantial network model, high computational overhead, and diminished operational efficiency, a judicious lightweight refinement is undertaken to enhance the algorithm’s detection speed. The original network was improved by replacing CSPDarknet-53 with Shufflenetv2 and integrating an ECA module into Shufflenetv2, thereby enhancing the model’s focus on relevant features. Simultaneously, the DeblurGANv2 super-resolution reconstruction algorithm is employed to rectify the blurriness of the fittings’ images, resulting in the production of high-quality images and enhancing the accuracy of recognition. Experimental results obtained from self-created datasets demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits a reduction of 50.2% in parameter quantity and a decrease of 62.7% in weight file size when compared to the original YOLOv5 model. Additionally, the proposed method achieves a 1.3% increase in mAP@(0.5). The proposed method demonstrates successful detection of high voltage transmission line fittings, thereby ensuring the accuracy of fuzzy target detection.
Impact of snow darkening via dust, black carbon, and organic carbon on boreal spring climate in the Earth system

Dust, black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC) aerosols, when deposited onto snow, are known to reduce the albedo of the snow (i.e., snow darkening effect (SDE)). Here using the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS‐5) with aerosol tracers and a state‐of‐the‐art snow darkening module (GOddard SnoW Impurity Module: GOSWIM) for the land surface, we examine the role of SDE on climate in the boreal spring snowmelt season. SDE is found to produce significant surface warming (over 15 W m−2) over broad areas in midlatitudes, with dust being the most important contributor to the warming in central Asia and the western Himalayas and with BC having larger impact in the Europe, eastern Himalayas, East Asia, and North America. The contribution of OC to the warming is generally low but still significant mainly over southeastern Siberia, northeastern East Asia, and western Canada (~19% of the total solar visible absorption by these snow impurities). The simulations suggest that SDE strengthens the boreal spring water cycle in East Asia through water recycling and moisture advection from the ocean and contributes to the maintenance of dry conditions in parts of a region spanning Europe to central Asia, partially through feedback on the model's background climatology. Overall, our study suggests that the existence of SDE in the Earth system associated with dust, BC, and OC contributes significantly to enhanced surface warming over continents in northern hemisphere midlatitudes during boreal spring, raising the surface skin temperature by approximately 3–6 K near the snowline.
Integration of scRNA-Seq and Bulk RNA-Seq to analyze the heterogeneity of colorectal cancer immune cells and establish a molecular risk model

Background: Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a highly heterogeneous malignant tumor that significantly impacts clinical diagnosis and treatment. Single-cell RNA sequencing is an innovative method for exploring tumor heterogeneity and understanding its role at cellular and genetic levels. Method: The colorectal cancer Single-cell RNA sequencing data were analysed on the immune. RNA-seq data in bulk form was utilized to assess the major genes of the immune cell subsets linked to CRC. We conducted an analysis of the abundance of immune cells in the microenvironment of CRC, and also performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis helped perform two analytical procedures of subtype groups. Furthermore, Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was employed to analyse and screen for a gene signature. Finally, quantitative PCR was performed to detect the expression levels of signature genes in CRC. Results: The Single-cell RNA sequencing (GSE146771) dataset was integrated to obtain 9 cell clusters. The Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis showed that the related gene expression of T-cell subsets of different functional statuses could vary greatly between patients with GSE146771. Immune cell analysis of TCGA-CRC indicated an improved overall survival rate for patients with elevated Th2 cell abundance. Five-gene signature (Risk Score = −0.205 × CDC25C − 0.231 × GSTCD − 0.010 × KPNA2 − 0.002 × KIF15 − 0.171 × ORC1) was developed by weighted correlation network analysis, and lasso Cox regression. Then, the risk prediction efficacy of the signature was validated in four GSE datasets. Furthermore, the expression of five genes was reduced in CRC tissue by quantitative PCR. Conclusion: Five-gene signature based on CRC heterogeneity was developed as a prognosis predictor, which can serve as a potential treatment target.
A constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector for RADARSAT-2 along-track interferometry

Canada's RADARSAT-2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite will be equipped with an experimental ground moving target indication (GMTI) mode, which makes use of the "dual-receive" capability of the RADARSAT-2 antenna to provide two apertures aligned in the along-track direction. The mode allows two SAR images to be taken under identical geometry of observation, but separated by a short time lag. One of the GMTI techniques currently being explored is based on SAR along-track interferometry (SAR ATI), which uses the magnitude–phase information of the interferogram to extract movers from stationary clutter. In this paper, an unconventional but fully automatic detection scheme, derived using a histogram approximation to the clutter joint probability density function (PDF), is proposed. The new nonparametric method permits the implementation of a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector without deriving a theoretical joint PDF for the clutter interferogram. A false alarm reduction technique, based on "selective" local density calculations, is also discussed. Experiments show striking improvement in reducing the number of false alarms (up to 60% reduction) over the original detector without significantly degrading its performance. The detector is shown to be robust in its ability to handle both simulated (RADARSAT-2) and real (airborne) data. Comparison with a conventional parametric CFAR detector, derived using theoretical marginal PDFs of the magnitude and phase of the interferogram, suggests the performance superiority of the new detector.
Traditional Clomiphene Citrate with Phytoestrogen Versus Traditional Clomiphene Citrate Versus Stair Step Protocol in Patients with Polycystic Ovaries: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) ranks among the most prevalent endocrine disease affecting women of reproductive age. Multiple therapeutic approaches have been suggested for the management of PCOS. Anovulation is responsible for approximately 40% of female infertility cases, and a significant portion of individuals dealing with infertility are also diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome. Patients and methods: This was a prospective multi-center randomized clinical trial conducted from April 2022 till March 2023 involving one hundred fifty female patients with PCOS categorized into three categories, category I (traditional protocol) involved 50 subjects who received traditional clomiphene citrate (CC) 100 mg for 5 days, and category II stair-step protocol (SS) involved 50 subjects who received clomiphene citrate 50 mg for 5 days followed by 100 mg for another 5 days and phytoestrogen given for the whole 10 days. In addition, group III clomiphene + phytoestrogen (CCP) included 50 patients who received 100 mg of clomiphene citrate for 5 days and phytoestrogen for 10 days. Results: There was significantly thinner endometrium in the CC group as compared to the other two groups; the greatest endometrial thickness was in the SS protocol group, followed by the CCP group; a higher pregnancy rate and ovulation rate were in the SS protocol group, followed by the CCP group; and the lowest pregnancy rate and ovulation rate were in the CC group. Conclusions: Clomiphene, when used as an SS regimen, improves pregnancy rates without any side effects compared to traditional regimens. Adding phytoestrogens to CC is associated with improving endometrial thickness and pregnancy rates.
Shared Capacitor Based Modular Multilevel Converter With Suppressed Capacitor Voltage Fluctuation

The capacitor voltage fluctuation suppression is essential for the reliable and safe operation of the modular multilevel converter (MMC). This article proposes a shared capacitor (SC) based MMC with suppressed capacitor voltage fluctuation, where the SC in each submodule is utilized as the power channel for three phases of the MMC. A multivariate sorting-based voltage balancing control (MVS-VBC) strategy for the SC-MMC is also proposed, which can balance the SC voltages based on the sorting of arm currents and SC voltages. The proposed SC-MMC can effectively suppress the capacitor voltage fluctuation, and accordingly improves the reliability of the SC-MMC. Simulation studies with MATLAB/Simulink are conducted and a down-scale SC-MMC prototype is also built in the laboratory. The results both confirm the effectiveness of the proposed SC-MMC, MVS-VBC strategy, and the capacitor voltage fluctuation suppression effects.
HISTOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ANGELICA SINENSIS IN MANAGEMENT OF CLASS II FURCATION DEFECT (AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)

INTRODUCTION: proper management of furcation involvements has always been a demanding issue in periodontal therapy. Herbal medicine is nowadays proposed to provide novel alternative approaches for restoring defective bone. A Chinese herb known as Angelica sinensis (As) has various pharmacological effects as it promotes proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Angelica sinensis in conjunction with β -tricalcium phosphate in the management of class II furcation defects in dogs MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized study was carried on 6 clinically healthy mongrel dogs. 24 grade II critical-sized furcation defects were surgically created in the mandibular third and fourth premolars. 12 defects were filled with Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β -TCP) bone gr aft only (control group). While in the other 12 defects β -TCP was mixed with Angelica sinensis powder (experimental group). The defects were covered by collagen membrane, The dogs were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks postoperative. RESULTS: The histological analysis has revealed better regenerative features regarding alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum in the experimental groups when compared to control groups. CONCLUSIONS: Angelica sinensis herb could enhance the periodontal regenerative potential of β -TCP bone graft.
Very long pahoehoe inflated basaltic lava flows in the Payenia volcanic province (Mendoza and la Pampa, Argentina)

Extremely long basaltic lava flows are here presented and described. The flows originated from the great, polygenetic, fissural Payen Volcanic Complex, in the Andean back-arc volcanic province of Payenia in Argentina. The lava flows outpoured during the Late Quaternary from the summit rift of a shield volcano representing the first volcanic centre of this complex. One of these flows presents an individual tongue-like shape with a length of 181 km and therefore is the longest known individual Quaternary lava flow on Earth. Leaving the flanks of the volcano this flow reached the Salado river valley at La Pampa and, in its distal portion, maintained its narrow and straight shape without any topographic control over a flat alluvial plain. It has a hawaiite composition with low phenocryst content of prevailing olivine and minor plagioclase. Rare Earth element patterns are typical of Na-alkaline basalts, but incompatible trace element patterns and Sr -Nd isotope ratios, suggest a geodynamic setting transitional to the orogenic one. The flow advanced following the thermally efficient "inflation" mechanism, as demonstrated by a peculiar association of well developed morphological, structural and textural features. The temperature of 1130-1160°C and the viscosity of 3-73 Pa*s, calculated by petrochemical data, may be considered, together with a very low cooling rate and a sustained and long lasting effusion rate, the main causes of the extremely long transport system of this flow. Both the extreme length of the flow and the partial lack of topographic control may provide new constraints on the physics of large inflated flows, which constitute the largest volcanic provinces on Earth and probably also on the terrestrial planets.
Production and disease status of three climbing beans varieties in the monomodal humid forest of Cameroon

The availability of beans at a relatively cheaper price compared to meat and other protein sources cater for the protein requirements of people with low purchasing power. This study was carried out on three climbing beans varieties PNN, DOR 701 and MCX to evaluate growth, yield and disease prevalence across two growing seasons. The design of the experiment was complete randomized block design with the three replicates, 15 plants were randomly selected and tagged from each variety per plot for data collection on growth, yield, diseased incidence and severity. The results showed that irrespective of the planting season, all the growth parameters of the climbers, with the exception of the number of leaves per plant, varied significantly (P = 0.05) with beans variety. The highest plant height (171.6 cm), number of grains per pod was highest (8), the highest pod length (13.3 cm) and the least mean number of branches per plant (4) was recorded with the variety PNN. All yield and yield components were found to vary significantly (P = 0.05) with the bean varieties. The highest yield (3.0 Mg/ha) was recorded by MCX. Disease incidence and severity did not vary significantly (P = 0.05) across varieties. Disease incidence and severity were significantly higher in the early planting season (91.7% and 37.7% respectively) than in the late planting season (69.4% and 16.7% respectively). Cultivation of beans should be done in the late planting season, using MCX variety with high yield.
Strength and Deformation Behavior of Graphene Aerogel of Different Morphologies

Graphene aerogels are of high interest nowadays since they have ultralow density, rich porosity, high deformability, and good adsorption. In the present work, three different morphologies of graphene aerogels with a honeycomb-like structure are considered. The strength and deformation behavior of these graphene honeycomb structures are studied by molecular dynamics simulation. The effect of structural morphology on the stability of graphene aerogel is discussed. It is shown that structural changes significantly depend on the structural morphology and the loading direction. The deformation of the re-entrant honeycomb is similar to the deformation of a conventional honeycomb due to the opening of the honeycomb cells. At the first deformation stage, no stress increase is observed due to the structural transformation. Further, stress concentration on the junctions of the honeycomb structure and over the walls occurs. The addition of carbon nanotubes and graphene flakes into the cells of graphene aerogel does not result in a strength increase. The mechanisms of weakening are analyzed in detail. The obtained results further contribute to the understanding of the microscopic deformation mechanisms of graphene aerogels and their design for various applications.