Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large-eddy simulation of a compressible flow in a three-dimensional open cavity at high Reynolds number

Large-eddy simulations of a subsonic three-dimensional cavity flow with self-sustaining oscillations are carried out for a Reynolds number based on the length of the cavity equal to $7\,{\times}\,10^6$. Meticulous comparisons with available experimental data corresponding to the same configuration demonstrate a high level of accuracy. Special attention is paid to the mixing layer that develops over the cavity and two different zones are identified. The first one is dominated by Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, and the linear as well as quadratic energy transfers leading to the filling of velocity spectra are described. The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability also appears to be forced near the origin of the layer, and it is postulated that the small recirculation bubble located in this area is responsible for the forcing. Downstream of the first zone and up to the vicinity of the aft wall, the layer behaves very similarly to a free mixing layer by exhibiting a linear spreading. An influence of the recirculating flow inside the cavity upon the growth of the layer is nevertheless observed at downstream stations. Analysis of the pressure on the floor of the cavity reveals that the self-sustaining oscillation-related pressure modes (Rossiter modes) are independent of their spanwise location inside the cavity. On the contrary, Rossiter modes exhibit streamwise modulations and it is demonstrated that a very simple two-wave model is able to reproduce the spatial shape of the modes. Nonlinear interactions between Rossiter modes are encountered, as well as nonlinear interactions with low-frequency components. A joint time–frequency analysis shows a temporal modulation of the Rossiter mode levels at similar low frequencies, resulting in a special form of intermittency with competitive energy exchanges between modes.
Random attractors for a quasi-geostrophic dynamical system under stochastic forcing

We consider a dissipative two-dimensional quasi-geostrophic equation, which model a class of large-scale geophysical flows under a stochastic external forcing (the forcing is a Gaussian space-time random field, white noise in time). First, by Faedo-Galerkin method, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the global solution to the initial boundary value problem of the stochastic equation. Second, by studying the asymptotic behaviour of the solution, we obtain the existence of random attractors for the stochastic quasi-geostrophic dynamical system.
Perpetrating Economic Abuse across the Globe: Results from the U.N. Multi-Country Study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific

ABSTRACT Using the United Nations (U.N.) Multi-Country Study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific, this study aims to identify the prevalence of men’s use of intimate partner violence (IPV) with a focus on economic abuse and its association with food scarcity and other variables. The U.N. Study took place between 2010 and 2013 in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Sri Lanka. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to obtain a representative sample (n = 8,380) of households. The results found that over 1 in 5 men have perpetrated economic abuse at least once in their lifetime. Men reporting food scarcity, drinking problems, depressive symptoms, and gender inequality beliefs toward their partners were more likely to perpetrate economic abuse. Interventions aimed at reducing food insecurity, addressing men’s drinking problems and depression, and changing attitudes toward gender inequality may be effective at decreasing economic abuse.
A MULTICOLOR OPTICAL SURVEY OF QSOS TO B = 21.8 IN THE HERCULES FIELD

Using catalogs generated from automatic photometry of faint images on fine-grained 4-m photographic plates, we have completed a UBV multicolor survey of QSOs over an area of about 0.285 square degree in Hercules. Thirty QSO candidates brighter than B ~ 21.8 were selected with stellarlike images and UBV colors uncommon for Galactic stars. The counts of QSO candidates from this study are consistent with those from other surveys.
Rank Estimation of Accelerated Lifetime Models With Dependent Censoring

Under independent censoring, estimation of the covariate effects in the accelerated lifetime model may be based on censored data rank tests. Similar rank methodology has been developed with bivariate accelerated lifetime models for dependent censoring but uses artificial censoring, which may lead to substantial information loss. We present a new artificial censoring technique using pairwise ranking and establish the asymptotic properties of a pairwise rank estimator. Simulations show that the pairwise approach achieves large reductions in artificial censoring and large efficiency gains over the existing rank estimator. The simulations evidence moderate efficiency gains under independent censoring over a rank estimator that is semiparametric efficient under independent censoring. An AIDS data analysis illustrates the practical utility of the inferential procedures.
Maritime Computing Transportation, Environment, and Development: Trends of Data Visualization and Computational Methodologies

This research aims to characterize the field of maritime computing (MC) transportation, environment, and development. It is the first report to discover how MC domain configurations support management technologies. An aspect of this research is the creation of drivers of ocean-based businesses. Systematic search and meta-analysis are employed to classify and define the MC domain. MC developments were first identified in the 1990s, representing maritime development for designing sailboats, submarines, and ship hydrodynamics. The maritime environment is simulated to predict emission reductions, coastal waste particles, renewable energy, and engineer robots to observe the ocean ecosystem. Maritime transportation focuses on optimizing ship speed, maneuvering ships, and using liquefied natural gas and submarine pipelines. Data trends with machine learning can be obtained by collecting a big data of similar computational results for implementing artificial intelligence strategies. Research findings show that modeling is an essential skill set in the 21st century.
Effect of early and split weaning management on growth performance of Large White Yorkshire pigs

Lactating Large White Yorkshire sows (18) with their litters were selected for the study and were divided into three groups (T1, T2, T3). In T1 and T3 groups, piglets were weaned at day 24 and 28. In group T2, heavier half of the litters were weaned at day 24 and remaining half were weaned at day 28. The piglets were reared up to 70 days of age and their performance was recorded. The result revealed that average body weight (kg) at day 70 and the ADG (g) from 1st to 10th week differed non-significantly among the groups. Nonsignificant difference was observed in pre-weaning, post-weaning and overall ADI among the different weaning groups. FCE from weaning to 10th week was similar among the different weaning groups. In conclusion, the whole litter or split litter weaning at day 24 or 28, had no effect on body weight gain, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion efficiency of piglets. The findings may be helpful to develop managemental strategies for early weaning of piglets in Indian farm conditions.
The defect luminescence spectrum at 0.9351 eV in carbon-doped heat-treated or irradiated silicon

The electron-vibronic band with its no-phonon (NP) transition at 0.9351 eV which was recently detected in heat-treated silicon is strong after irradiation of silicon and has been studied in high-resolution photoluminescence. The defect exhibits a quasi-local mode of quantum energy h(cross) omega =66.3 meV which is observed as one- and two-phonon vibronic sidebands. The existence of an electronic excited state at an energy of 1.8 meV in excess of the upper level of the NP transition is demonstrated by temperature-controlled experiments. Uniaxial stress and Zeeman measurements show that the defect possesses rhombic I (C2v) point group symmetry, and that the NP line is a 'spin-1/2 to spin-1/2' ( Gamma 5 to Gamma 5) transition. The stress response is nonlinear due to the mixing of the two electronic states by the perturbation. Piezo-optical splitting and interaction parameters are determined. The g-values are gisotropic=2 for one level of the NP line and gx=3.65, gy=1.5 and gz=0.8 for the other level suggesting that the defect is a pseudo-donor with a tightly bound hole and a loosely localised electron. A carbon isotope effect is observed in the NP transition and in the local-mode satellite giving evidence that one carbon atom per optical centre is involved. Sample statistics and a boron-specific vibronic satellite (h(cross) omega =29.4 meV) suggest that boron is also involved.
`Non-local' response of RTP ohmic plasmas to peripheral perturbations

A `non-local' response of the plasma core triggered by peripheral plasma perturbations other than laser ablation is found in the RTP tokamak. Oblique pellet injection (OPI) has been used to induce fast cooling of the peripheral plasma. In response, an inward cold pulse (Te drop) and a slightly delayed core Te rise are observed. A somewhat similar `non-local' response is observed when the peripheral plasma is heated by modulated electron cyclotron heating or by fast current ramps, i.e. the core temperature drops in response to the peripheral heating. The plasma conditions for the occurrence of the `non-local' response have been investigated. The core Te rise following OPI is associated with the formation of a large temperature gradient in the region 1 < q < 2. The Te rise is largest at low electron density and for large pellet deposition radii. Above a critical density the Te rise disappears and only the (weaker) drop in core Te is observed. Time dependent transport simulations show that the propagation of the inward cold pulse is consistent with local transport, while the core Te rise is a slower phenomenon requiring a large transient drop of χe in the region 1 < q < 2.
Random crossings of cumulative distribution functions

l Introduction* Let Xlf * ,Xn be n independent and identically distributed random variables, each with continuous c.d. f. (cumulative distribution function), F(x). Let Fn(x) be the empirical c.d. f. of the n random variables and let Nx(n) be the number of times Fn equals F. There is no loss of generality in supposing that the XJs are distributed uniformly over the interval (0,1), and to be specific, N^ri) is defined by
Satisfaction of Parents and Caregivers with Dental Treatment of Children Under General Anesthesia in a Day Care Surgery Setting

Objective The aim of this study was to examine the satisfaction of parents and caregivers of patients who underwent dental treatment in general anesthesia (GA) in a day-care surgery setting. Material and Methods Anonymous questionnaire was sent to parents/caregivers of patients who underwent full mouth restoration in GA. The survey consisted of 4 parts: general data, data about procedure, satisfaction with various aspects of care and the perception of parents/caregivers about the condition of their child in relation to the time before dental treatment in GA. Results 66 parents/caregivers (30.5%) responded to the questionnaire. Overall satisfaction with the treatment was high (4.69). Respondents expressed the highest degree of satisfaction with communication with nurses (4.92), and the lowest with the waiting time for the procedure (3.89). Parents/caregivers of patients who reported difficulty eating expressed significantly lower overall satisfaction than the subjects whose children did not report difficulty eating. Also, the more treatments the patients underwent, the lower was the overall satisfaction than of those subjects whose children were never treated in such a manner before. Conclusions Since patient satisfaction has a beneficial impact on treatment outcome and adherence to preventive recommendations, all health care providers should strive to achieve it.
Spectral retrieval of latent heating profiles from TRMM PR data. Part II : Algorithm improvement and heating estimates over tropical ocean regions

Abstract The spectral latent heating (SLH) algorithm was developed for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) in Part I of this study. The method uses PR information [precipitation-top height (PTH), precipitation rates at the surface and melting level, and rain type] to select heating profiles from lookup tables. Heating-profile lookup tables for the three rain types—convective, shallow stratiform, and anvil rain (deep stratiform with a melting level)—were derived from numerical simulations of tropical cloud systems from the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) utilizing a cloud-resolving model (CRM). To assess its global application to TRMM PR data, the universality of the lookup tables from the TOGA COARE simulations is examined in this paper. Heating profiles are reconstructed from CRM-simulated parameters (i.e., PTH, precipitation rates at the surface and melting level, and rain type) and are compared with the t.
Moho depths beneath the European Alps: a homogeneously processed map and receiver functions database

Abstract. We use seismic waveform data from the AlpArray Seismic Network and three other temporary seismic networks, to perform receiver function (RF) calculations and time-to-depth migration to update the knowledge of the Moho discontinuity beneath the broader European Alps. In particular, we set up a homogeneous processing scheme to compute RFs using the time-domain iterative deconvolution method and apply consistent quality control to yield 112 205 high-quality RFs. We then perform time-to-depth migration in a newly implemented 3D spherical coordinate system using a European-scale reference P and S wave velocity model. This approach, together with the dense data coverage, provide us with a 3D migrated volume, from which we present migrated profiles that reflect the first-order crustal thickness structure. We create a detailed Moho map by manually picking the discontinuity in a set of orthogonal profiles covering the entire area. We make the RF dataset, the software for the entire processing workflow, as well as the Moho map, openly available; these open-access datasets and results will allow other researchers to build on the current study.
The Buoyant Plume-Driven Adiabatic Ceiling Temperature Revisited

On reevalue des donnees trouvees dans une precedente etude sur le transfert de chaleur par convection a partir de jets au plafond dus a un parametre flottant, et on developpe une estimation independante pour de la distribution de temperature au plafond. L'analyse prend en compte les effets de radiation du plafond et on utilise la similarite etablie anterieurement entre le phenomene de transfert de chaleur mur/jet et panache/plafond
Crop yield and carbon sink potential with precipitation in maize and potato cropland ecosystems over the summertime monsoon transition zone of China

China has significantly enhanced vegetation coverage and terrestrial carbon sink functions through ecological restoration. However, cropland ecosystems are sensitive to a changing climate over the summertime monsoon transition zone of China (SMTZC), which has implications for carbon cycling. For example, it is unclear how changes in precipitation will affect the cropland ecosystem carbon sinks (CSe) and carbon sink potential (CSp), and the mechanisms of tradeoffs that develop between plant and soil organic carbon (SOC) are unclear. Here, we integrated crop yield, total biomass (TB) and water coefficient in a combined field and modelling experimental. We explored the mechanisms of ecosystem carbon cycling and CSp in the SMTZC under different precipitation scenarios. We found that soil organic carbon sink (SOCs) was strongly correlated with the plant organic carbon sink (POCs) and discovered. Significant differences in CSp between ecosystems resulting from interannual precipitation. The C4 (maize, Zea mays) and C3 (potato, Solanum tuberosum L) carbon sinks (CSs) were 68.59, 190.73, 160.37 Mt and 10.21, 30.97, 14.59 Mt for the 3 years, respectively. Precipitation effectively increased TB and yield, but excessive precipitation in them, which was most obvious in C3 ecosystem (R2 > 0.60) and reduced POCs, evident in C4 ecosystem (R2 > 0.16). This study provides data and a scientific basis for increasing CS and achieving carbon neutrality in cropland.
STATISTICAL LINEARIZATION OF THE DUFFING OSCILLATOR UNDER NON-GAUSSIAN EXTERNAL EXCITATION

The Duffing oscillator under external non-Gaussian excitations is investigated by means of statistical linearization. The input process is modelled as a polynomial of a Gaussian process or as a renewal-driven impulse process. Four criteria of statistical linearization are considered. The interarrival times of the renewal process are distributed according to a Pearson type III law. Predictions of the stationary variance are compared with Monte Carlo simulations.
Magnetosheath pressure pulses: Generation downstream of the bow shock from solar wind discontinuities

[1] We present multipoint Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) observations of transient dynamic pressure pulses in the magnetosheath 3–10 times the background in amplitude, due to enhancements in both the ion density and velocity. Their spatial dimensions are of the order of ∼1 RE parallel to the flow and ∼0.2–0.5 RE perpendicular to it, inferred from the difference in the amplitudes observed by the different spacecraft. For the first time, simultaneous observations of the solar wind and foreshock are also shown, proving no similar dynamic pressure enhancements exist upstream of the bow shock and that the majority of pulses are downstream of the quasi-parallel shock. By considering previously suggested mechanisms for their generation, we show that the pressure pulses cannot be caused by reconnection, hot flow anomalies, or short, large-amplitude magnetic structures and that at least some of the pressure pulses appear to be consistent with previous simulations of solar wind discontinuities interacting with the bow shock. These simulations predict large-amplitude pulses when the local geometry of the shock changes from quasi-perpendicular to quasi-parallel, while the opposite case should also produce notable pulses but typically of lower amplitude. Therefore, in a given region of the magnetosheath, some of the discontinuities in the solar wind should generate pressure pulses, whereas others are expected not to. There is also evidence that the pulses can impinge upon the magnetopause, causing its motion.
Diversity of Filamentous Fungi Associated with Dairy Processing Environments and Spoiled Products in Brazil

Few studies have investigated the diversity of spoilage fungi from the dairy production chain in Brazil, despite their importance as spoilage microorganisms. In the present study, 109 filamentous fungi were isolated from various spoiled dairy products and dairy production environments. The isolates were identified through sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. In spoiled products, Penicillium and Cladosporium were the most frequent genera of filamentous fungi and were also present in the dairy environment, indicating that they may represent a primary source of contamination. For dairy production environments, the most frequent genera were Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Nigrospora. Four species (Hypoxylon griseobrunneum, Rhinocladiella similis, Coniochaeta rosae, and Paecilomyces maximus) were identified for the first time in dairy products or in dairy production environment. Phytopathogenic genera were also detected, such as Montagnula, Clonostachys, and Riopa. One species isolated from the dairy production environment is classified as the pathogenic fungi, R. similis. Regarding the phylogeny, 14 different families were observed and most of the fungi belong to the Ascomycota phylum. The understanding of fungal biodiversity in dairy products and environment can support the development of conservation strategies to control food spoilage. This includes the suitable use of preservatives in dairy products, as well as the application of specific cleaning and sanitizing protocols designed for a specific group of target microorganisms.
Psycholinguistic, Stroop, and self-report measurements of death anxiety: A study of convergent validity

Abstract Death anxiety is commonly assessed using self-report surveys, but practitioners and researchers have recently established the need for implicit measures. However, many implicit measures lack sufficient evidence to support their construct validity. We examined two innovative implicit death anxiety measures (linguistic analysis and a Stroop paradigm) alongside a traditional self-report death anxiety survey battery. The linguistic analysis of death-related writing was supported by concurrent validity among death anxiety measures. We conclude that linguistic analyses of death-related writing may be a valid, viable, implicit measure of death anxiety which may be useful to both researchers and clinicians.
Impact of Calorie-Restricted Cafeteria Diet and Treadmill Exercise on Sweet Taste in Diet-Induced Obese Female and Male Rats

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the sweet taste function in obese rats fed with a 30% calorie-restricted cafeteria diet (CAFR) and/or subjected to moderate treadmill exercise (12–17 m/min, 35 min, 5 days per week) for 9 weeks. A two-bottle preference test, a taste reactivity test, and a brief-access licking test were carried out when animals were aged 21 weeks; biometric and metabolic parameters were also measured along the interventions. Two separate experiments for females and males were performed. Behaviorally, CAF diet decreased sucrose intake and preference, as well as perceived palatability, in both sexes and decreased hedonic responses in males. Compared to the CAF diet, CAFR exerted a corrective effect on sweet taste variables in females by increasing sucrose intake in the preference test and licking responses, while exercise decreased sucrose intake in both sexes and licking responses in females. As expected, CAF diet increased body weight and Lee index and worsened the metabolic profile in both sexes, whereas CAFR diet ameliorated these effects mainly in females. Exercise had no noticeable effects on these parameters. We conclude that CAF diet might diminish appetitive behavior toward sucrose in both sexes, and that this effect could be partially reverted by CAFR diet in females only, while exercise might exert protective effects against overconsumption of sucrose in both sexes.