Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precision Surgery of Colorectal Liver Metastases in the Current Era: A Systematic Review

Simple Summary Colorectal cancer is among the most commonly encountered human malignancies, with up to a quarter of total patients exhibiting metastatic spread to the liver at some point during the disease course. For these patients, curative-intent liver resection yields the optimal oncological outcomes, ensuring long-term survival in the majority of cases. However, taking into account that liver resections are accompanied by considerable postoperative complication rates, treatment approaches should be individualized to avoid unnecessary exposure to morbid therapies. To that end, the study of tumor biology, especially in terms of RAS mutational status, is proving a very helpful adjunct in identifying patient subsets that derive the most benefit from this aggressive treatment modality. The concept of precision surgery in CRLM revolves around tailoring the aggressiveness of the employed treatments depending on tumor features, while avoiding surgery in patients not expected to derive any benefit from it. Abstract Liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is widely considered the treatment with the highest curative potential. However, not all patients derive the same oncological benefit, underlining the need for better patient stratification and treatment allocation. In this context, we performed a systematic review of the literature to determine the role of RAS status in selecting the optimal surgical strategy. Evidence comparing anatomical with non-anatomical resections depending on RAS mutational status was scarce and conflicting, with two studies reporting superiority in mutated RAS (mutRAS) patients and two studies reporting equivalent outcomes. The rate of incomplete microscopic resection (R1) was found to be increased among mutRAS patients, possibly due to higher micrometastatic spread lateral to the primary lesion. The impact of R1 resection margins was evaluated separately for mutRAS and wild-type patients in three studies, of which, two indicated an additive detriment to long-term survival in the former group. In the current era of precision surgery, RAS status can be utilized to predict the efficacy of liver resection in the treatment of CRLM, avoiding a potentially morbid operation in patients with adverse tumor profiles.
The Implementation of Dual Vocational Education and Training in Spain: Analysis of Company Tutors in the Tourism Sector

Context: Vocational education and training (VET) has become a key issue in today's highly dynamic business, technological and economic environment, with a complex diversity of systems within the European Union. This paper aims to study the implementation of dual VET in Spain, focusing on the working conditions of company tutors in the tourism sector of Andalusia and the Canary Islands.Approach: Dual VET has been implemented in different ways, both between the different autonomous regions and professional areas since it was launched in 2012. In order to analyse these differences, interviews with teachers, head teachers, students and company tutors were carried out, between 2020 and 2021, in centres that had implemented dual vocational education training and centres that had not. The educational programme in dual VET implies a closer collaboration between schools and companies, as both are active training areas; the training objectives are shared between the school and the company. In this study, the company tutor is studied in his or her facet as trainer and assessor; but special emphasis is placed on the characteristics of the tourism sector, given its relevance in understanding the educational processes involved. Three dimensions underpin the analysis: the characteristics of the company tutor, the training and assessment processes implemented and the link that both maintain with the dynamics of tourism companies.Findings: In general terms, the initial assumptions put forward are confirmed. Firstly, the educational centre leads the process, taking the initiative yet without having the conditions of governance and negotiation typical of the Germanic countries from which these vocational education training systems originate. Secondly, the main characteristics of the company tutor are heterogeneity and informality. Thirdly, the contents and methodology are conditioned by the characteristics of the tourism sector. And finally, assessment also follows informal and changing procedures, generating tensions between the educational centre and company.Conclusions: These results give rise to some theoretical reflections. If the education system is an institution based on the principle of equality, it is worth asking to what extent dual VET can alter this principle, as the company adapts some of the contents and learning outcomes to its specific needs. In addition, an important differentiating factor that marks the learning dynamics has been detected: the size of the company. The difference in size may also influence the future prospects of trainees joining the workforce after completion of VET studies.
On the Computation of the Conjugate Trigonometric Rational Function and on a Related Splitting Problem

We prove several splitting theorems related to the following one: Every continuous real trigonometric rational function (of t, with period $2\pi $) can be written as the real part of a rational function of $z = e^{it} $ that is analytic for $|z| \leqq 1$. As an application, we obtain immediately a method for computing the conjugate function of a real trigonometric rational function.
Effects of Nonlinear Drag and Negative Loop Correlations on Heavy Particle Motion in Isotropic Stationary Turbulence Using a New Lagrangian Stochastic Model

A new model for the prediction of particle dispersion in homogeneous isotropic stationary turbulence, based on an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) process, is presented in order to predict the fluctuating component of the fluid velocity along a heavy particle path. This model accounts for the crossing trajectory effect in that the transverse fluid velocity correlation is perfectly consistent with the negative loop correlation derived by Wang and Stock (1993). The particle turbulent intensity is shown to be increased compared to predictions based on exponential correlations. Possible consequences of the finite particle Reynolds number are also investigated, showing that the anisotropy of the motion of heavy particles is increased by nonlinear drag effects. In case of zero mean drift velocity, significant effects of nonlinear drag may also appear.
Factors Influencing Undernutrition among Female Adolescent Students in Darchula District, Nepal

Failure to understand and address the problem of malnutrition and its associated factors among female adolescents could lead to a vicious cycle of intergenerational malnutrition. A cross-sectional study was conducted in six secondary schools of four rural municipalities in Darchula District, Nepal. Data collection for the study was conducted from November 2021 to February 2022. Four hundred female adolescent students aged 15 to 19 years old were selected using quota sampling. The study aims to examine the prevalence of malnutrition by assessing different levels of body mass index (BMI) that is thinness (BMI less than 18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5 kg/m2 to 24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25 kg/m2 to 29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI more than or equal to 30 kg/m2). Along with BMI, factors associated with undernutrition, here identified as thinness, are assessed using a structured questionnaire. Additionally, key informant interviews and review of interventions was performed to understand the gaps in nutrition-related policies and programs of school going adolescents in the study district. Quantitative data analysis included a prevalence study and chi-square test along with simple and multiple logistic regression to obtain crude and adjusted odds ratio at 95% confidence interval for the significant factors with p < 0.05 identified in the chi-square test. Thematic analysis and reviews were used for the synthesis of qualitative data. The results show a 24.7% prevalence of thinness in the study participants. Pre-mensuration status (OR = 5.015, CI = 1.257–20.011, p < 0.022), father having a monthly paying job (OR = 4.384, CI = 1.135–16.928, p < 0.032), father’s foreign employment (OR = 6.96, CI = 1.649–29.377, p < 0.008), household (HH) food insecurity status (OR = 2.079, CI = 1.182–3.658, p < 0.011) and grain/roots/tuber as most commonly bought food (OR = 9.487, CI = 1.182–76.138, p < 0.034) were found to be significantly associated with thinness. Information from the qualitative part identified gaps in existing interventions for an improved nutritional outcome among school going adolescent females. Further studies to understand the nutritional practices and its contributory factors in relation to thinness is encouraged. Stakeholders are urged to effectively address the shortcomings in existing interventions and adopt a more adolescent-centered approach to enhance the nutritional status of female adolescents.
Observation of recombination-enhanced defect reactions in semiconductors

Recombination-enhanced annealing of defects in semiconductors has been observed directly for the first time. The defects were produced in GaAs by 1-MeV electron irradiation and observed by transient-junction-capacitance techniques. The data clearly relate the enhanced defect annealing rate to electron-hole recombination processes at the defect.
approach for nonlinear systems : Part II - System Theory

This paper is second part of a survey on the basic notions and defini- tions of the infinite dimensional dierential geometric approach of (Fliess, Levine, Martin & Rouchon 1993, Pomet 1995). In this approach, a sys- tem is a infinite dimensional manifold. In the first part of this survey (Pereira da Silva, Silveira, Correa Filho & Batista 2008), one may find an elementary introduction about IR A -manifolds and dieties. In this second part, the notions of state representation and dynamic feedback are defined in an abstract manner, and then they reinterpreted in terms of coordinates and their corresponding equations. Instrumental in this setting are the dierent versions of the inverse function theorem, which are presented in this paper. The concept of subsystem is a key notion for establishing the definition of dynamic feedback and a new notion of regularity of implicit systems. This notion of regularity is shown to be useful for establishing a notion of equivalence between (implicit) systems.
The Molecular Chaperone Mechanism of the C-Terminal Domain of Large-Size Subunit Catalases

Large-size subunit catalases (LSCs) have an additional C-terminal domain (CT) that is structurally similar to Hsp31 and DJ-1 proteins, which have molecular chaperone activity. The CT of LSCs derives from a bacterial Hsp31 protein. There are two CT dimers with inverted symmetry in LSCs, one dimer in each pole of the homotetrameric structure. We previously demonstrated the molecular chaperone activity of the CT of LSCs. Like other chaperones, LSCs are abundant proteins that are induced under stress conditions and during cell differentiation in bacteria and fungi. Here, we analyze the mechanism of the CT of LSCs as an unfolding enzyme. The dimeric form of catalase-3 (CAT-3) CT (TDC3) of Neurospora crassa presented the highest activity as compared to its monomeric form. A variant of the CAT-3 CT lacking the last 17 amino acid residues (TDC3Δ17aa), a loop containing hydrophobic and charged amino acid residues only, lost most of its unfolding activity. Substituting charged for hydrophobic residues or vice versa in this C-terminal loop diminished the molecular chaperone activity in all the mutant variants analyzed, indicating that these amino acid residues play a relevant role in its unfolding activity. These data suggest that the general unfolding mechanism of CAT-3 CT involves a dimer with an inverted symmetry, and hydrophobic and charged amino acid residues. Each tetramer has four sites of interaction with partially unfolded or misfolded proteins. LSCs preserve their catalase activity under different stress conditions and, at the same time, function as unfolding enzymes.
(2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine Treatment of Rats Exposed to Repetitive Low-Level Blast Injury

Abstract Many military veterans who experienced blast-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan suffer from chronic cognitive and mental health problems, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Male rats subjected to repetitive low-level blast exposure develop chronic cognitive and PTSD-related traits that develop in a delayed manner. Ketamine has received attention as a treatment for refractory depression and PTSD. (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine [(2R,6R)-HNK] is a ketamine metabolite that exerts rapid antidepressant actions. (2R,6R)-HNK has become of clinical interest because of its favorable side-effect profile, low abuse potential, and oral route of administration. We treated three cohorts of blast-exposed rats with (2R,6R)-HNK, beginning 7–11 months after blast exposure, a time when the behavioral phenotype is established. Each cohort consisted of groups (n = 10–13/group) as follows: 1) Sham-exposed treated with saline, 2) blast-exposed treated with saline, and 3) blast-exposed treated with a single dose of 20 mg/kg of (2R,6R)-HNK. (2R,6R)-HNK rescued blast-induced deficits in novel object recognition (NOR) and anxiety-related features in the elevated zero maze (EZM) in all three cohorts. Exaggerated acoustic startle was reversed in cohort 1, but not in cohort 3. (2R,6R)-HNK effects were still present in the EZM 12 days after administration in cohort 1 and 27 days after administration in NOR testing of cohorts 2 and 3. (2R,6R)-HNK may be beneficial for the neurobehavioral syndromes that follow blast exposure in military veterans. Additional studies will be needed to determine whether higher doses or more extended treatment regimens may be more effective.
Identifying Soccer Teams’ Styles of Play: A Scoping and Critical Review

Identifying and measuring soccer playing styles is a very important step toward a more effective performance analysis. Exploring the different game styles that a team can adopt to enable a great performance remains under-researched. To address this challenge and identify new directions in future research in the area, this paper conducted a critical review of 40 research articles that met specific criteria. Following the 22-item Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, this scoping review searched for literature on Google Scholar and Pub Med database. The descriptive and thematic analysis found that the objectives of the identified papers can be classified into three main categories (recognition and effectiveness of playing styles and contextual variables that affect them). Critically reviewing the studies, the paper concluded that: (i) factor analysis seems to be the best technique among inductive statistics; (ii) artificial intelligence (AI) opens new horizons in performance analysis, and (iii) there is a need for further research on the effectiveness of different playing styles, as well as on the impact of contextual variables on them.
A comparison of transformation methods for evaluating two‐dimensional weakly singular integrals

Accurate numerical evaluation of integrals arising in the boundary element method is fundamental to achieving useful results via this solution technique. In this paper, a number of techniques are considered to evaluate the weakly singular integrals which arise in the solution of Laplace's equation in three dimensions and Poisson's equation in two dimensions. Both are two‐dimensional weakly singular integrals and are evaluated using (in a product fashion) methods which have recently been used for evaluating one‐dimensional weakly singular integrals arising in the boundary element method.
Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for TSP

A discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed for solving traveling salesman problem(TSP). It defines a newly velocity.It also defines some new operators between particle and velocity.A matrix,which keeps the sorted ascending edges by distance for each city is created,and a variable size of gene pool is implemented to direct the particle to search around the space.In this paper,some cases from TSPLIB are tested;the experiments results show that the algorithm has good performance and good rudeness for solving TSP.
Anchoring of Polymer Loops on Enzyme-Immobilized Mesoporous ZIF-8 Enhances the Recognition Selectivity of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides

Immobilized angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a promising material for the rapid screening of antihypertensive drugs, but the nonspecific adsorption is a serious problem in separation processes involving complex biological products. In this study, triblock copolymers with dopamine (DA) block as anchors and PEG block as the main body (DA-PEGx-DA) were attached to an immobilized ACE (ACE@mZIF-8/PDA, AmZP) surface via the “grafting to” strategy which endowed them with anti-nonspecific adsorption. The influence of DA-PEGx-DA chain length on nonspecific adsorption was confirmed. The excellent specificity and reusability of the obtained ACE@mZIF-8/PDA/DA-PEG5000-DA (AmZPP5000) was validated by screening two known ACE inhibitory peptides Val-Pro-Pro (VPP, competitive inhibitory peptides of ACE) and Gly-Met-Lys-Cys-Ala-Phe (GF-6, noncompetitive inhibitory peptides of ACE) from a mixture containing active and inactive compounds. These results demonstrate that anchored polymer loops are effective for high-recognition selectivity and AmZPP5000 is a promising compound for the efficient separation of ACE inhibitors in biological samples.
Small signal intensity modulation of external cavity lasers

The small signal intensity modulation (IM) of a hybrid soliton pulse source (HSPS) utilizing Gaussian apodized fiber Bragg grating is described using electric field approach. The HSPS is modeled by a time-domain solution of the coupled-mode equations. It is shown that type of external cavity is important effect on resonance peak spectral splitting (RPSS) in IM response as well as effect of laser and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) parameters. The RPSS can be suppressed by using linearly chirped Gaussian apodized FBG as an external cavity insted of Gaussian apodized FBG.
Oscillation of second‐order perturbed differential equations

We give constructive proof of the existence of vanishing at infinity oscillatory solutions for a second‐order perturbed nonlinear differential equation. In contrast to most results reported in the literature, we do not require oscillatory character of the associated unperturbed equation, monotonicity of nonlinearity, and we establish global existence of oscillatory solutions without assuming it a priori. Furthermore, as our example demonstrates, existence of bounded oscillatory solutions does not exclude existence of unbounded nonoscillatory solutions. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of fines migration on oil recovery from carbonate rocks

: We perform single-phase and two-phase flooding on Edwards Brown rock samples. The single-phase injection was of seawater or CaCl 2 brine, at successive salinities 0.63, 0.21, 0.07, 0.05, and 0 mol/L (distilled water). For CaCl 2 brine experimental run, no significant fines migration or permeability decrease is observed. For seawater experimental run, distilled water injection is found to bring about the highest concentration of produced fines and most of the permeability decrease, with the ultimate permeability decrease being 99.94%. Therefore, distilled water injection is used to stimulate fines migration in the following two-phase experimental runs. Two-phase experiments are performed on four Edwards Brown rock samples using seawater or CaCl 2 brine as the aqueous phase, and Soltrol ® 130 or crude oil as the oleic phase. Rock samples are initially fully saturated with 0.63 mol/L of the selected aqueous solution. This is followed by injecting the selected oil at a constant rate for at least 20 pore volumes to displace brine. Next, selected brine is injected to displace oil, and finally distilled water. For CaCl 2 brine, distilled water injection is found to recover no additional oil of either type of oil. However, for seawater, the fines production observed during distilled water injection is found to reduce water relative permeability by two orders of magnitude when Soltrol ® 130 is used and by three orders of magnitude when crude oil is used. The seawater experimental runs also brought about additional oil recovery during distilled water injection: 18% when Soltrol ® 130 is used and 3.4% when crude oil is used. This last result can be attributed to the plugging of pores due to fines migration, which can divert further injected water into previously unswept pores.
A Coronal Thick-Target Interpretation of Two Hard X-Ray Loop Events

We report a new class of solar flare hard X-ray (HXR) sources in which the emission is mainly in a coronal loop so dense as to be collisionally thick at electron energies up to ≳50 keV. In most of the events previously reported, most of the emission is at the dense loop footpoints, although sometimes with a faint high-altitude component. HXR RHESSI data on loop dimensions and nonthermal electron parameters and GOES soft X-ray data on hot loop plasma parameters are used to model coronal thick-target physics for two "discovery" events (2002 April 14 [23:56 UT] and 2002 April 15 [23:05 UT]). We show that loop column densities N are consistent with (1) a nonthermal coronal thick-target interpretation of the HXR image and spectrum; (2) chromospheric evaporation by thermal conduction from the hot loop rather than by electron beam heating; and (3) the hot loop temperature being due to a balance of thick-target collisional heating and (mainly) conductive cooling.
A regularized XFEM model for the transition from continuous to discontinuous displacements

This work focuses on the modelling through the extended finite element method of structural problems characterized by discontinuous displacement. As a model problem, an elastic isotropic domain characterized by a displacement discontinuity across a surface is studied. A regularization of the displacement field is introduced depending on a scalar parameter. The regularized solution is defined in a layer. The emerging strain and stress fields are independently modelled using specific constitutive assumptions. In particular, it is shown that the mechanical work spent within the regularization layer can be interpreted as an interface work provided that a spring‐like constitutive law is adopted. The accuracy of the integration procedures adopted for the stiffness matrix is assessed, as highly non‐linear terms appear. Standard Gauss quadrature is compared with adaptive quadrature and with a new technique, based on an equivalent polynomial approach. One‐ and two‐dimensional results are reported for varying discretization size, regularization parameter, and constitutive parameters. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.