Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study On Knowledge And Practice Of Mothers Regarding Infant Feeding And Nutritional Status Of Under-Five Children Attending Immunisation Clinic Of A Medical College

India is a third world war country. Since independence, one of the gravest problems India is confronting with is malnutrition among under-5 children. As in other developing nations, malnourishment is a burden on considerable percentage of population, the most vulnerable being the youngest group of the society. About two-third of the under-five children of our country is malnourished. Among them, 5-8% are severely malnourished while rest fall in the group of mild or moderate malnutrition. So it can be said that malnutrition is one of the most widespread conditions affecting child health. The 'germ' of malnutrition 'infects' a foetus in the intra-uterine life due to lack of sufficient antenatal care on part of the mother. The condition deteriorates further when after birth the infant is deprived of exclusive breast feeding or initiation of weaning is delayed. Weaning should be started after the age of 6 months and should contain energy rich semi-solid food. Malnutrition makes a child susceptible to infections and delays recovery, thus increasing mortality and morbidity. Every time an innocent child suffers the curse of malnutrition; the responsibility goes to the mother, the family and to the community due to their faulty or no knowledge regarding the harmful effects of prelacteal feeding, benefits of exclusive breast feeding and initiation of proper weaning at the correct time. It is to be realized that a million children die worldwide each year because they are not breast fed. Several millions who survive suffer from acute or chronic illness related to harmful effects of artificial feeding. These sufferings are unnecessary and are the preventable ones by discouraging bottle feeding and initiating efforts to bring back the breast feeding culture. On this background, a project has been carried out under the above mentioned title, which is discussed in detail in the pages to follow. A study like this is very much essential to estimate graveness of the situation so that effective and adequate measures can be taken at the individual, family, community and government levels to combat the curse of malnourishment.
What Drives the Volatility and Persistence of House Price Growth?

US house prices are characterized by strong persistence in annual growth rates but mean revert over longer horizons. I set up a calibrated life cycle model with heterogeneous agents and endogenous house price formation where both features emerge qualitatively in response to moderately persistent shocks to the aggregate income level. However, momentum is only forty percent of what is observed in the data, and while the presence of adjustment frictions in the model doubles the volatility of price growth rates, it remains at just twenty percent of its data counterpart. These quantitative conclusions change significantly when I incorporate subjective house price beliefs into the model. When agents use past observations to update their expectations regarding future price growth, the same shocks to aggregate income induce dynamics in house price growth rates that are very close to the data. The model fully matches the degree of persistence and mean reversion, and it generates eighty percent of the observed volatility. Notably, the subjective belief specification does not fully account for the strong price growth during the last housing boom.
Mitigating Barriers and Inequities to the Pre-kidney Transplant Evaluation

Background: Achieving the best health for all persons requires valuing everyone equally and avoiding inequities, injustices, and disparities. In the context of organ transplantation, all suitable candidates should have equal access to organs as they become available; however, many marginalized groups, such as African Americans, face numerous barriers to transplantation. Socioeconomic and sociocultural barriers faced by marginalized groups, along with systems that intentionally or otherwise support the status quo of institutionalized racism, place members of these communities at a disadvantage compared with those who are more likely to benefit from the current power structure. Currently, our understanding of barriers as perceived by patients who present for the pre-kidney transplant evaluation is limited. Purpose: The purpose of this program of clinical research in ESRD was to identify modifiable barriers to pre-kidney transplant evaluation that may contribute to inequities in the process, particularly barriers experienced by African Americans, and propose innovative solutions designed to reduce or eliminate these barriers. Methods: First, we synthesized current literature related to non-biological barriers to early stages of the pre-kidney transplant process for African Americans in the United States, as African Americans face a disproportionate burden related to the incidence of ESRD. Second, we conducted a prospective cohort study of 100 adult patients who presented to the University of Chicago Transplant Center to be evaluated for kidney transplantation in an effort to prospectively quantify self-reported barriers from the patient’s perspective and the influence of health related quality of life on evaluation completion. Next, we conducted a cross-sectional survey study to assess the technological capabilities of preand post-kidney transplant patients to determine which, if any, information and communication technologies may be used to mitigate long standing barriers and inequities in the transplant process. Finally, we conducted a secondary analysis to identify characteristics of frequent Internet users.
Textual analysis of artificial intelligence manuscripts reveals features associated with peer review outcome

Abstract We analyzed a data set of scientific manuscripts that were submitted to various conferences in artificial intelligence. We performed a combination of semantic, lexical, and psycholinguistic analyses of the full text of the manuscripts and compared them with the outcome of the peer review process. We found that accepted manuscripts scored lower than rejected manuscripts on two indicators of readability, and that they also used more scientific and artificial intelligence jargon. We also found that accepted manuscripts were written with words that are less frequent, that are acquired at an older age, and that are more abstract than rejected manuscripts. The analysis of references included in the manuscripts revealed that the subset of accepted submissions were more likely to cite the same publications. This finding was echoed by pairwise comparisons of the word content of the manuscripts (i.e., an indicator of semantic similarity), which were more similar in the subset of accepted manuscripts. Finally, we predicted the peer review outcome of manuscripts with their word content, with words related to machine learning and neural networks positively related to acceptance, whereas words related to logic, symbolic processing, and knowledge-based systems negatively related to acceptance.
Preliminary Evaluation of Interactive Search Engine Interface for Visually Impaired Users

This work designs, evaluates, and improves a proposed search engine interface for Visually Impaired (VI) users to efficiently perform web search activities. Our conceptual modeling technique is based on Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) that is used for data analysis. This approach highlights the hierarchized approach to represent the discovered concepts. It is combined with context interactive navigation in an interface which is called interactive search engine (InteractSE). This interface aims to reduce the time and effort required by the VI users to browse search results. InteractSE was evaluated by experts using Nielsen’s heuristics and Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 for its usability and accessibility. The analysis was carried out based on the usability problems identified and their average severity ratings. The results show that the most frequently violated heuristics from Nielsen’s set are consistency, documentation, and the average severity rating of all the problems is minor. The results also show that the most frequently violated WCAG 2.0 guidelines are distinguishable, followed by navigable and affordance. The average severity rating of all the problems found using WCAG 2.0 guidelines is also minor. The results show that Nielsen’s heuristics and WCAG 2.0 guidelines contributed to identifying several usability problems, which might have missed out if either of them was used alone.
Aggregating explanation methods for stable and robust explainability.

Despite a growing literature on explaining neural networks, no consensus has been reached on how to explain a neural network decision or how to evaluate an explanation. Our contributions in this paper are twofold. First, we investigate schemes to combine explanation methods and reduce model uncertainty to obtain a single aggregated explanation. We provide evidence that the aggregation is better at identifying important features, than on individual methods. Adversarial attacks on explanations is a recent active research topic. As our second contribution, we present evidence that aggregate explanations are much more robust to attacks than individual explanation methods.
Safety aspects of local anaesthesia for intraocular surgery

Purpose: The main objectives were: (i) to describe the current usage o f local anaesthesia (LA) for intraocular surgery in the United Kingdom, (ii) to assess the incidence and severity o f adverse events in patients who had LA, (iii) to audit the extent to which national LA safety Guidelines were being followed, (iv) to provide background information for a review o f these Guidelines. Methods: A large, prospective observational study. All ophthalmology operating theatres in the National Health Service o f the United Kingdom were invited to participate. During the initial week, participants were asked to complete an anonymous Report Form for every LA administered for intraocular surgery. Reporting o f complications only continued for a total o f three months. To validate the response rate, the theatre records o f randomlyselected hospitals were inspected. Results: In the initial week, 2,827 correctly completed forms were returned. Participation rate was calculated to be 72.8% (95% Confidence Intervals: 56.4%, 96.3%). Anaesthesia techniques were: 70% LA alone, 5.8% LA with sedation, and 24.2% general anaesthesia. LA techniques were: 65.6% peribulbar, 16.9% retrobulbar, 6.7% sub-Tenon’s, 4.4% subconjunctival, 2.9% topical, and 2.3% combinations. In this week, reported incidence o f all adverse events within the orbit was 2.7%, and for ‘systemic’ adverse events it was 0.9%. In three months, an estimated 65,100 LA’s were given (95% Cl: 48,500, 81,700). Reported incidence o f serious ‘systemic’ adverse events was similar for all LA techniques. 18 events were described as “life-threatening”, 3 further patients had epileptic fits, and one patient’s subsequent death was attributed to LA. The study design introduces some bias from under-reporting, making it difficult to assess the true incidence o f severe events. Conclusions: Local anaesthesia, using various techniques, is frequently used for intraocular surgery in the United Kingdom. Serious complications are rare, but at least 100 “serious systemic” adverse events occur annually.
Joint effects of social interactions and environmental challenges on physiology, internal microbiome, and reproductive performance in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor)

The social environment that individuals experience appears to be a particularly salient mediator of stress resilience, as the nature and valence of social interactions are often related to subsequent health, physiology, microbiota, and overall stress resilience. Relatively few studies have simultaneously manipulated the social environment and ecological challenges under natural conditions. Here, we report the results of experiments in wild tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) in which we manipulated both ecological challenges (predator encounters and flight efficiency reduction) and social interactions (by experimental dulling of a social signal). In two experiments conducted in separate years, we reversed the order of these treatments so that females experienced either an altered social environment followed by a challenge or vice-versa. Before, during, and after treatments were applied, we tracked breeding success, morphology and physiology (mass, corticosterone, and glucose), social interactions via an RFID sensor network, cloacal microbiome diversity, and fledging success. Overall, we found that predator exposure during the nestling period reduced the likelihood of fledging and that signal manipulation sometimes altered social interactions, but little evidence that the two categories of treatment interacted with each other. We discuss the implications of our results for understanding what types of challenges and what conditions are most likely to result in interactions between the social environment and ecological challenges.
ConDoR: Tumor phylogeny inference with a copy-number constrained mutation loss model

Tumors consist of subpopulations of cells that harbor distinct collections of somatic mutations. These mutations range in scale from single nucleotide variants (SNVs) to large-scale copy-number aberrations (CNAs). While many approaches infer tumor phylogenies using SNVs as phylogenetic markers, CNAs that overlap SNVs may lead to erroneous phylogenetic inference. Specifically, an SNV may be lost in a cell due to a deletion of the genomic segment containing the SNV. Unfortunately, no current single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNA-seq) technology produces accurate measurements of both SNVs and CNAs. For instance, recent targeted scDNA-seq technologies, such as Mission Bio Tapestri, measure SNVs with high fidelity in individual cells, but yield much less reliable measurements of CNAs. We introduce a new evolutionary model, the constrained k-Dollo model, that uses SNVs as phylogenetic markers and partial information about CNAs in the form of clustering of cells with similar copy-number profiles. This copy-number clustering constrains where loss of SNVs can occur in the phylogeny. We develop ConDoR (Constrained Dollo Reconstruction), an algorithm to infer tumor phylogenies from targeted scDNA-seq data using the constrained k-Dollo model. We show that ConDoR outperforms existing methods on simulated data. We use ConDoR to analyze a new multi-region targeted scDNA-seq dataset of 2153 cells from a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor and produce a more plausible phylogeny compared to existing methods that conforms to histological results for the tumor from a previous study. We also analyze a metastatic colorectal cancer dataset, deriving a more parsimonious phylogeny than previously published analyses and with a simpler monoclonal origin of metastasis compared to the original study. Code availability Software is available at https://github.com/raphael-group/constrained-Dollo
DIABETIC FOOT ULCER; RISK FACTORS STRATIFICATION IN PATIENTS. A STUDY OF 150 PATIENTS.

Objectives: To determine the risk factors contributing to the development of diabetic foot ulcers. Study Design: A descriptive observational study. Setting: Unit of surgery, City Hospital Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Period: 1st July 2013 to 30th June 2015. Patients and Material: One hundred and fifty diabetic patients with foot ulcer were studied. After taking informed consent, detailed history, clinical examination and relevant investigations were performed according to a devised proforma. All the proformas were analyzed in the end of study. Results: One hundred and fifty patients comprising 95 male and 55 female were studied. The average diabetic duration was 11 years. HbA1c was more than 8% in 98 (65.3%) patients. Peripheral neuropathy was present in 60 patients (40%), peripheral vascular disease in 80 patients (53.3%), neuro-ischemic ulcers in 45 patients (30%), hypertension in 70 patients (46.6%), Ischemic heart disease in 20%, Dyslipidemia in 50%, foot deformity in 42% and accidental/ foot wear trauma in 44%. Conclusion: Foot ulcer in diabetes results from multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms. Implementation of strategies for prevention, early detection, and appropriate treatment at the primary health care level are urgently needed.
The Physical Development and Dietary Intake for Korean Children and Adolescents: Food and Nutrient Intake

The aim of this study was to evaluate the food and nutrient intakes in 5th to 8th grade school boys and girls. A total of 1,333 students were recruited from 1 elementary and 1 middle school, both located in Seoul. The data on food and nutrients intake were collected by 3-day food record. The food intake was calculated as the percentage of total energy intake according to 21 food subgroups. The consumption of noodles, and meat's products (including ham and sausage) groups were higher in 7th and 8th grade than 5th and 6th grade. On the other hand consumption of vegetables and milk & its products groups were lower in 7th and 8th grade. As results, calcium, riboflavin, and vitamin C intakes were lower in 7th and 8th grade students. Dietary patterns by cluster analysis resulted in of subjects with traditional pattern based rice and kimchi, and with modified pattern. All students regardless of grades showed high fat intake, above 20 percent energy intake from fat, and high cholesterol intakes. In conclusion, there was significant difference between 5th and 6th grade primary school students and 7th and 8th junior school students regarding food and nutrient intakes; It should be necessary to provide proper nutrient education and monitoring in order to establish good dietary profile.
Age Estimation from Ossification of the Medial Clavicular Epiphysis by Computed Tomography

El objetivo de esta investigacion fue evaluar en la poblacion egipcia, la exactitud de estimacion de edad del desarrollo de la extremidad esternal de la clavicula, mediante tomografia computadorizada (TC), y desarrollar una formula discriminante que se pueda utilizar en egipcios. La investigacion se realizo en 142 pacientes (84 hombres y 58 mujeres) despues de obtener el consentimiento informado. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a TC de cortes multiples en la extremidad esternal de la clavicula en ambos lados. Los resultados revelaron que la no union fue observada entre los 8­17 anos; la union incompleta entre 15­20 anos y la union completa a los 20 anos. Se concluye que la osificacion de la extremidad esternal de la clavicula podria ser utilizada para la estimacion de la edad utilizando la TC como herramienta de visualizacion. El analisis de regresion para ambas claviculas en los dos sexos es especifico de la poblacion egipcia y se debe utilizar despues de validar los resultados. El estudio recomienda el uso de la etapa 1 en 15 anos, etapa 3 en >15 anos, etapa 4 en la maduracion >19 anos y la etapa 5 >21 anos.
Social function after solid organ transplantation: An integrative review

The way organ transplant recipients depend on social interactions to develop and experience social health and well-being is similar to that of the general population. A transplant may result in a close to full recovery of health status, but the physical and social problems can persist in some patients. The focus on improving the recipients’ social participation has therefore become an important issue. The purpose of this integrative literature review was study social function after solid organ transplantation, that is, kidney, liver, lung or heart. An integrative review was performed on studies that matched the selection criteria and published in peer-reviewed journals from January 2000 to December 2014. The information from the text was extracted and patterns of social function were categorized into different subgroups that were further looked at, and five categories emerged: 1) work, 2) education, 3) daily activities and leisure, 4) social adaption and 5) barriers. The key aspects of social functioning involve five vital domains, that is, work, education, daily activities and leisure, social adaption and barriers. Returning to work appears to be the most important for the recipients independently of the transplanted organ.
Experimental study on creep failure characteristics of coal mass under multistage stress and construction of prediction model

The creep and failure mode of stratified coal is complex and challenging to predict. This is highly attributed to the internal stratified structure generated during coal forming. In this study, the inner stratified structure of coal during creep failure was explored. The evolution relationship between the key creep parameters and the inner stratified structure was evaluated through creep tests. The creep failure characteristics of coal under complex stress were determined. A neural network model was established to predict the creep failure modes, and the output results were subjected to smoothing and tracking to reduce the error. The results showed distinct creep characteristics of coal with various types of stratified structure. Key parameters such as creep variable, steady creep state and creep rate exhibited a nonlinear relationship with stress. The dual control neural network model constructed in the study showed high accuracy and stability. This model can be used as a guidance and reference for the study of creep failure mechanism and elucidation of creep behavior prediction of stratified coal.
Isokinetic leg muscle strength relationship to dynamic balance reflects gymnast-specific differences in adolescent females

Balance, together with other motor qualities, plays an important role in the successful execution of specific gymnastic skills. However, it is also not clear whether different demands on dynamic balance and power produced by lower limb can be observed in sport-specific differences among gymnasts of various modalities. The question also is as to what extent isokinetic leg muscle strength contributes to anterior and posterior postural stability in gymnasts. Therefore, the aim of the study was i) to compare variables of dynamic balance and isokinetic leg muscle strength in rhythmic, artistic, and aerobic gymnasts, and ii) to investigate the relationship of reach distances in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions, as well as the composite score in the Y-balance test with an isokinetic muscle strength during knee extension and flexion at different velocities in female gymnasts of various disciplines. Altogether seven aerobic, five artistic, and six rhythmic gymnasts performed the Y-balance test and isokinetic leg muscle strength test at 60°/s, 180°/s, and 300°/s. Results showed significant between-group differences in the composite score in the Y-balance test of the dominant (F = 3.536, p = .041) and non-dominant symmetry (F = 4.804, p = .015). Similarly, average power produced during knee extension and knee flexion at 60°/s, 180°/s and 300°/s differed significantly among these groups (all at p˂0.05). In addition, there was a significant relationship between the composite score of the dominant limb symmetry and isokinetic dominant limb extension strength at 60°/s (r = .54), 180°/s (r = .87), and 300°/s (r = .84) in aerobic gymnasts. The composite score of the dominant limb symmetry was also associated with isokinetic dominant limb extension strength, albeit only at 60°/s in both artistic (r = .60) and rhythmic gymnasts (r = .55). Such between-group differences may be ascribed to their different demands on maintenance of balance under dynamic conditions and leg muscle power within their sport specializations. Taking into account significant association between the dominant limb symmetry and isokinetic dominant limb extension strength, it may be concluded that both muscle strength and fast speeds contribute to dynamic balance in adolescent gymnasts.