Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mini-Symposium : Antenatal and early childhood influences on the lung development Acetaminophen and asthma

To discuss the epidemiological evidence for and against a positive association between acetaminophen use and asthma in children. To consider the evidence that acetaminophen use during pregnancy and early childhood is associated with the development of asthma. To discuss whether observed associations are likely to be casual and to consider what additional evidence would be required to establish causality. To put the evidence in the context of public health policy and advice to pregnant women and parents of young children about the use of acetaminophen for the treatment of pain and fever.
A Diachronic Analysis of North and South Korean Monophthongs: Vowel Shifts on the Korean Peninsula

A Diachronic Analysis of North and South Korean Monophthongs: Vowel Shifts on the Korean Peninsula Jessica M. Morgan Department of Linguistics and English Language, BYU Master of Arts The linguistic situation on the Korean peninsula is one ripe for research. For the past 70 years the two halves of the peninsula have been isolated from one another, thus creating two very different environments for development and change within the Korean language. It is hypothesized that due to conflict, divide, and social turmoil on the peninsula, the Korean language will have undergone a period of change in the last 70 years. This particular investigation looks at North and South Korean monophthong systems for evidence of a phonological shift. Studies of North Korea’s language planning (Yong, 2001; Kumatani, 1990) will be incorporated to provide a background for lexical change in the country, which may also have contributed to phonological change. This study was carried out with the expectation that, due to the turmoil following the Korean War, both standard dialects would display some signs of phonetic shift. In order to track the changes to the monophthong systems over the last 70 years, a total of 7156 samples of the Korean language’s eight monophthongs were collected from both North and South Korean films from the 1950s, 1980s, and 2010s. The vowels’ F1 and F2 formants were measured using the computer program Praat. The data was then separated by vowel and run through statistical analyses. The results of a mixed methods ANOVA determined which vowels had shown significant variance between decades; the estimated means were then determined for each formant. Based on the statistical analysis, the North Korean vowels /a/, /ʌ/, and /u/ have shifted significantly since the 1950s, while the rest of the North Korean monophthong system has not changed significantly. Most of the shifting occurred in the period after the 1980s. In the South, all vowels have shown significant variance for the variable of decade in F1, F2, or both formants. South Korea’s results also indicate separate shifts between the 1950s and 1980s, and between the 1980s and 2010s. If the results of this study could be successfully replicated with the languages of other countries thrown into post-WWII turmoil, this study could prove that WWII left a lasting effect on the languages of the world as well. Even if there are not far-reaching implications, the study still demonstrates strong evidence that linguistic change has occurred in both the northern and southern halves of the Korean peninsula since it was split into two separate countries.
Factors influencing the implementation of cognitive and behavioural screening in motor neurone disease

100-150 words) Changes in cognition and behaviour occur in approximately 50% of people with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), the most common form of Motor Neurone Disease (MND). The aim of this study was to explore current factors influencing the implementation of cognitive and behavioural screening in MND care in the UK. Semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals working in a range of settings were conducted and data were analysed thematically. In most of the settings included, a pathway to screening and neuropsychological intervention had not yet been established. Factors identified as barriers included: limited number of staff trained to administer screen, limited time available during outpatient clinic hours, and limited or no links with neuropsychological services. Screening was implemented routinely in one setting where there was support from a clinical neuropsychologist working within the MDT. Support from neuropsychological services was suggested to be necessary for interpretation of screening results and advice on intervention.
The Late Chalcolithic Period in the Tell Leilan Region: A Report on the Ceramic Material of the 1995 Survey

The present contribution provides a first evaluation of settlement dynamics in the Tell Leilan area of north-eastern Syria during the fourth millennium BC based on the analysis — carried out by the first author in the framework of her MA thesis — of the Late Chalcolithic ceramic material collected during the 1995 season of the Leilan regional survey. Data from field identifications of the 1997-collected material presently stored at the Leilan Project expedition house at Qahtaniya (Syria), whose study is planned for the next future, as well as data derived from published reports of the previous survey seasons (Weiss 1986;
Recherches en didactique des langues et des cultures

Slam is both a modern forum for group expression, and a way for individuals to express themselves. As such, it reflects a double quest, for both identity and poetry: language and identity are closely linked. Moreover, slam texts are used to encourage people (auditors) to express themselves. As such, the slam experience reconciles some pupils with language, influencing the way they represent and relate to it, mixing poetry and play with words, spoken and written orders. During slam sessions, the quality of listening is exceptional; we have therefore envisaged the organization of this kind of poetic performance at school. We propose, as an example, a pedagogical approach in the specific context of a class for the integration of pupils newly arrived in France (CLIN).
CENTRE OF MASS INTRACYCLIC VELOCITY VARIATION IN THREE VARIANTS OF THE FRONT CRAWL WATER POLO TECHNIQUE

The purpose of this study was to analyse the intracyclic velocity variation (IVV) of the centre of mass (CM) in the x, y, z axes during the stroke cycle event in front crawl, water polo front crawl and water polo front crawl while leading the ball. Ten national level water polo players performed 3x15 m at maximum intensity in each variant of the front crawl technique, being videotaped by six cameras (two above and four underwater). One complete stroke cycle was analyzed for each 15 m test using the APASystem. The numerical treatment was conducted using MATLAB software. IVVx and IVVz showed less variation in the water polo front crawl, and IVVy showed less variation for the water polo front crawl leading the ball. These suggest that water polo players have a greater proficiency in water polo specific swimming techniques rather than in front crawl.
Rock magnetic expression of fluid infiltration in the Yingxiu‐Beichuan fault (Longmen Shan thrust belt, China)

Fluid infiltration within fault zones is an important process in earthquake rupture. Magnetic properties of fault rocks convey essential clues pertaining to physicochemical processes in fault zones. In 2011, two shallow holes (134 and 54 m depth, respectively) were drilled into the Yingxiu‐Beichuan fault (Longmen Shan thrust belt, China), which accommodated most of the displacement of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. Fifty‐eight drill core samples, including granitic host rock and various fault rocks, were analyzed rock‐magnetically, mineralogically, and geochemically. The magnetic behavior of fault rocks appears to be dominated by paramagnetic clay minerals. Magnetite in trace amounts is identified as the predominant ferrimagnetic fraction in all samples, decreasing from the host rock, via fault breccia to (proto‐)cataclasite. Significant mass‐losses (10.7–45.6%) are determined for the latter two with the “isocon” method. Volatile contents and alteration products (i.e., chlorite) are enriched toward the fault core relative to the host rocks. These observations suggest that magnetite depletion occurred in these fault rocks—exhumed from the shallow crust—plumbed by fluid‐assisted processes. Chlorite, interpreted to result from hydrothermal activity, occurs throughout almost the entire fault core and shows high coefficients of determination (R2 > 0.6) with both low and high‐field magnetic susceptibility. Close relationships, with R2 > 0.70, are also observed between both low and high‐field magnetic susceptibility and the immobile elements (e.g., TiO2, P2O5, MnO), H2O+, and the calculated mass‐losses of fault rocks. Hence, magnetic properties of fault rocks can serve as proxy indicators of fluid infiltration within shallow fault zones.
Determination of Diffusion Coefficient of Copper in ZnO ( 001 ) Single Crystals at 1000 ◦ C

Copper from a solid source was diffused into undoped n-type bulk ZnO (001) single crystals at 1000 ◦C under a nitrogen atmosphere at different diffusion times. The Cu diffusion profiles were obtained by Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), and the fitting reveals a diffusion case from a constant concentration source. A value for the diffusion coefficient of 2.42(±0.2)× 10−12 cm2·s−1 was obtained. Electrical measurements present an increment of carrier concentration with diffusion time, but remains n-type which indicates an increase in the donor levels produced by structural defects in ZnO. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed an increment of green emission intensity associated with Cu incorporation.
Unconventional Government Debt Purchases as a Supplement to Conventional Monetary Policy

In response to the Great Financial Crisis, the Federal Reserve and the Bank of England have adopted unconventional monetary policy instruments. We investigate if one of these, purchases of long-term government debt, could be a valuable addition to conventional short-term interest rate policy even if the main policy rate is not constrained by the zero lower bound. To do so we add a stylised financial sector and central bank asset purchases to an otherwise standard New Keynesian DSGE model. Asset quantities matter for interest rates through a preferred habitat channel. If conventional and unconventional monetary policy instruments are coordinated appropriately then the central bank is better able to stabilise both output and inflation.
Experimental Political Science and the Study of Causality: From Nature to the Lab

Part I. Introduction: 1. The advent of experimental political science Part II. Experimental Reasoning about Causality: 2. Experiments and causal relations 3. The causal inference problem and the Rubin causal model 4. Controlling observables and unobservables 5. Randomization and pseudo-randomization 6. Formal theory and causality Part III. What Makes a Good Experiment? : 7. Validity and experimental manipulations 8. Location, artificiality, and related design issues 9. Choosing subjects 10. Subjects' motivations 11. History of codes of ethics and human subjects research 12. Ethical decision making and political science experiments 13. Deception in experiments 14. The future of experimental political science 15. Appendix: the experimentalist's to do list.
THE EFFECTS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT ON HABITAT QUALITY FOR BLACK BEARS IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS

Soft mast is an important resource for many wild populations in the Southern Appalachians, yet the way clear-cutting affects availability of soft mast though time is not fully understood. We tested a theoretical model of temporal availability of soft mast in clearcuts using empirical data on percent cover and berry production of Gaylussacia, Vaccinium, and Rubus spp. plants in 100 stands that were clearcut (0-122 years old) in the southern Appalachian Mountains. We modeled the relationship between soft mast availability and stand age, evaluated the effects of topography and forest type on soft mast, developed statistical models for predicting the spatio-temporal distribution of soft mast, and tested the hypothesis that percent cover of berry plants and berry production provided similar information about soft mast availability. We found temporal dynamics explained berry production better than it predicted percent plant cover, whereas topographic variables influenced percent plant cover more than they influenced berry production. Berry production and percent plant cover were highest in ~2-9 year old
Modeling insights into the locations of density enhancements from the Enceladus water vapor jets

Monte Carlo modeling of the vapor erupting from Enceladus' south polar region is presented to demonstrate the influence of physical characteristics of the emitted vapor on the distribution of particles at altitude. The modeled sources include localized jets and eruptions distributed along the surface features labeled “tiger stripes. ” The modeling reveals that density enhancements are displaced from the source location caused not only by the angle of emission but also by superposition of material from nearby sources. The altitude of the superposition is mass dependent and contributes to differences observed in the mass 28 and mass 44 channels of the Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) during Enceladus encounters. INMS data are well modeled using only the tiger stripe sources; however, certain regions require additional sources to reproduce some features of the data. In particular, an excess source is required for 44 unified atomic mass unit (u) on the Saturn‐facing hemisphere of Baghdad Sulcus. It is apparent in three parallel Cassini flybys. A relative decrease in the source rate is observed for mass 28 u for E14. The more diffuse nature of the 28 u INMS observations compared to the more collimated structure of the 44 u INMS observations is consistent with increased thermal spreading for low‐mass constituents of the plume.
Modelling response of groundwater nitrate concentration in public supply wells to land-use change

As Britain's second largest aquifer, the Sherwood Sandstone is confronted by the threat of high nitrate concentrations caused by intensive agricultural activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the response of groundwater nitrate concentration in a public supply well to land-use change, discussing the effect of land-use change in tackling agricultural nitrate pollution in the aquifer. Six land-use scenarios were examined in predictive simulations of groundwater nitrate concentration. Groundwater flow modelling (MODFLOW) and mass transport modelling (MT3DMS), incorporating results from an export coefficient model, were used to predict groundwater nitrate concentration in the public supply well by 2025. Results from the quantitative comparison of scenarios revealed that the greatest decrease in nitrate concentration (35%) by 2025 in the public supply well was associated with the entire target zone being covered with forest, whereas a decrease dependent on the application of best agricultural practice achieved no more than a 20% reduction. It is concluded that the modelling framework constructed in this study is a useful tool for assessment of the impact of changes in land use and management on groundwater nitrate concentration in public supply wells.
Study on Seismic Activities in the Seismic Belt of the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River and South Yellow Sea

The seismic belt of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and south Yellow Sea is located in the southeast of Northern China Seismic zone,where seismic activities are strong enough and controlled by a series of faults.In this paper,based on the latest seismic data from regional network,historical strong earthquakes and seismic tectonic,et al,we obtained b values,average annual incidence of earthquake and energy density of minor to moderate earthquakes in the studied area,using mathematical statistics method.Combining the spatial distribution of b values with background activities of historical strong earthquakes and the distributions of the minor-moderate earthquake energy density,the seismic activity of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and south Yellow Sea are further analyzed and researched.Seismic parameters are obtained and the future earthquakes in the studied area are estimated for the next hundred years,and future earthquake risk areas are preliminarily identified.
A World of Difference? Comparing Learners Across Europe

Introduction a time for learning, the challenge of the 21st century New methodologies for comparative research Three European education systems compared England, France and Denmark School organization in the three countries The micro-politics of classroom life Teacher perspectives in the three countries 'Constants' and 'contexts' in pupil experience young learners views of schooling, teaching and learning A world of difference? the creation of identity as a pupil and a learner Young learners what makes a difference? the influence of socio-economic status, gender, ethnicity and attainment Conclusion culture, context and policy Index.
Ni-Cu-PGE Potential of the Giant Mascot and Cogburn Ultramafic-Mafic Bodies, Harrison-Hope Area, Southwestern British Columbia (092H)

The Giant Mascot mine, near Hope, British Columbia, was the only nickel mine in the province. It produced approximately 4 191 035 tonnes of ore averaging 0.77% Ni and 0.34% Cu, and shipped approximately 3.23 tonnes of nickel and 1.43 tonnes of copper between 1958 and 1974 (Tindall, 1987). The mine is rumoured to have produced small amounts of platinum and palladium; however, there are no records of their production or presence in the concentrate. The ore came from shoots in an ultramafic body that are acknowledged to be magmatic in origin. However, there is considerable uncertainty regarding their precise origin and age of emplacement and of the relationship of the mineralized body to other ultramafic bodies in the area, and to the nearby Spuzzum pluton.
MRI radiomics model for predicting TERT promoter mutation status in glioblastoma

The presence of TERT promoter mutations has been associated with worse prognosis and resistance to therapy for patients with glioblastoma (GBM). This study aimed to determine whether the combination model of different feature selections and classification algorithms based on multiparameter MRI can be used to predict TERT subtype in GBM patients.
Non-specific Colitis: An Endoscopist-Pathologist Miscommunication

Pathologists commonly report non-specific colitis (NSC) in the pathology reports of colon biopsies when they fail to characterize features of the colonic inflammation and diagnose the disease based on specific forms of colitis. Several conditions, ranging from irritable bowel syndrome, diverticular disease, celiac disease, to other systemic diseases have been proposed to be associated with the reporting of NSC in the colon pathology reports. Specifically, NSC could be a preceding pathological condition associated with these diseases before their symptoms and signs become more apparent. Based on a few studies, NSC may not be a particular disease, but rather a transient presentation of inflammatory bowel disease. This gist of this mini-review article is the failure of sharing demographic, clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic data between endoscopist and pathologist are the most important underlying cause of failed characterization of colitis by pathologists. Therefore, enhancement of endoscopist-pathologist ommunication would reduce the incidence of this misnomer and indirectly improve the diagnosis that helps with more accurate treatment.
Comparison of the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) between Japanese Dental Students with Experience Using SDF and Those with No Experience Using SDF: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the knowledge and attitude regarding silver diamine fluoride (SDF) between two groups, differentiated by whether they had experience in SDF use, of dental students and clinical trainee dentists in Japan. Methods: A survey was designed consisting of three dental classes (fourth, fifth, and sixth years) and clinical trainees at Kyushu Dental University. A survey was designed consisting of 32 questions about the knowledge, attitudes, esthetic acceptability, and potential barriers regarding the use of SDF. Results: A total of 286 surveys (response rate of 85.4%) were collected. Among all respondents, 21.7% had experience with SDF use in their clinical practice. Regarding the knowledge score for SDF (0 to 12 points), in the respondents with no experience of using SDF, the mean score was 3.06, and that of respondents with experience of using SDF was 1.66, which was a significant difference (p < 0.001). The mean esthetic acceptability score for SDF use (−8 to 8 points) of the clinical trainees was −1.00 and that of the fourth-year students was 0.74, which was a significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusions: the results indicate that dental students and clinical trainees need to increase their clinical experience with SDF.
Dextral Transpression and Late Carboniferous Sedimentation in the Fundy Coastal Zone of Southern New Brunswick

Abstract Late Carboniferous sedimentation and penecontemporaneous deformation in the Fundy coastal zone of southern New Brunswick occurred in response to dextral transpression on faults that now flank the northwest margin of the Fundy Basin. Both reflect the development of a basement-involved, fold-thrust belt, the position of which coincides with a major, right-lateral compressive bend in the Upper Carboniferous Cobequid-Chedabucto Fault System. Relationships are similar to those of the San Andreas Fault within the major restraining bend of the Transverse Ranges. Syntectonic, Westphalian deposition of the Balls Lake and Tynemouth Creek formations records the development of alluvial fans that prograded northwestward into basins drained by the major, northeast-flowing fluvial systems of the Lancaster and Boss Point formations, in response to the uplift of southeasterly source areas. Regional structures developed in response to sustained northwest-southeast shortening, and trend perpendicular to the compressional component of shear. Initial deformation produced northwest-directed thrusts and major, northwest-vergent overturned folds that structurally invert local stratigraphy. Associated penetrative fabrics dip broadly southeast but commonly steepen and intensify along the Fundy shore, where overthrusting accompanied local mylonitization and greenschist facies metamorphism on right-stepping, high-angle fault zones. Interpreted as en echelon, convergent wrench strands synthetic to a listric, offshore extension of the Cobequid-Chedabucto Fault System, these faults shallow into thrusts to form positive flower structures. Continued compression accompanied renewed thrusting and backthrusting and produced coaxial fold trains and penetrative second fabrics that verge both northwest and southeast. Subsequent extensional reactivation of selected thrusts reflects the negative inversion that accompanied Triassic development of the Fundy Basin.