Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid assessment of boat-generated waves within sheltered waterways

Abstract It is well known that waves generated by passing ships and boats can cause problems for other users of a waterway and the surrounding environment. In recent decades there has been a growing need to quantify these waves so that fair and realistic regulations can be implemented to ensure vessel operations cause minimal or negligible harm. The majority of regulatory criteria adopted both locally and internationally have relied upon the identification and quantification of just a single characteristic wave from the entire train of waves generated by a vessel, usually the highest. However, it has been shown that this is generally inadequate when considering the more complex wave patterns that are generated when craft operate in shallow water environments. This paper reports on a recent study that defined three key waves that should be quantified when assessing vessel wave wake in shallow water conditions to account for all potentially dangerous or damaging waves, particularly those of low height and high energy. Also outlined is the development of a tool that can rapidly and accurately predict the characteristics of the three key waves. This tool was developed using data acquired from a comprehensive set of model scale experiments and has been validated against measured data from independent full scale trials. The tool can be used to account for the effect that water depth, hull form and vessel speed has on the waves generated. The Wave Wake Predictor is now freely available online to assist those tasked with designing new vessels, or those who wish to identify any potentially serious wave wake issues very early in the planning and design stages of any vessel for a particular route.
Pineus boerneri Annand, 1928 (Hemiptera, Adelgidae) - a new species to Brazil: morphology of eggs, nymphs and adults

Pineus boerneri Annand, 1928 (Hemiptera, Adelgidae) _ a new species to Brazil: morphology of eggs, nymphs and adults. Pineus boerneri represents the first Adelgidae species recorded in Brazil. This aphid species forms extensive colonies on branches and trunk of Pinus spp. , with apterous oviparous females, eggs and nymphs covered with white wax. The aim of this research is to study the morphology of eggs, nymphs, and adults to provide useful data for species identification in order to solve taxonomic issues. The study was based on morphometric data and optical and scanning electron microscopy images. First instar nymphs are active and can be easily distinguished from the others by their elongate minute yellowish body; well developed legs bearing a pair of sensorial setae at the apex of the second tarsomere; and antenna with three segments with a large rhinarium and distinct apical setae on the last segment. From the second to the fourth instar, nymphs are sessile, with round red body; they loose the third antennal segment and its sensorial structures, as well as the setae on the second tarsomere. The oviparous female is reddish-brown, with round body with about 0.76 mm diameter; legs reduced; antennae one-segmented; ovipositor distinct; numerous wax glands are present, mainly on the head. Accurate characterization of the species and distinction of the nymphal instars of P. boerneri were made possible by canonical analysis of morphometric data and morphological characters.
Combating Corruption and Illegal Logging in Bénin, West Africa

Abstract The article provides a thorough analysis of the forms of corruption and the actors involved, as well as a critical review of national forest policy and economy in Bénin, West Africa. Empirical data shows that the current state of affairs is not unalterable. Observable differentiations in the local perception of corruption and illegal logging show that a latent majority of people disapproves and that they can be mobilized for sanction activities. The policy-oriented recommendations of this article offer ways to systematically reduce corruption and illegal logging: strengthening civil society (i.e., national NGOs) and promoting media coverage of these issues; introducing local sanctions in the framework of donor-assisted community forestry; adding anti-corruption conditions to foreign-sponsored forestry projects and forest policy reforms; enforcing decentralization in order to decrease the monopoly over forest resources currently enjoyed by state personnel; creating alternative income streams for local actors currently involved in illegal logging; and introducing land tenure reforms in order to increase local incentives for sustainable forest management.
Outcomes From Cochlear Implantation for Child and Family: Parental Perspectives

Abstract While cochlear implantation is an increasingly routine provision for profoundly deaf children in many countries, parents still require information about the procedure and likely outcomes in order to make an informed decision. Other parents can provide them with the insights of those who have undergone the process themselves and observed outcomes at first hand. The parents of 101 consecutively implanted children completed the questionnaire: Children with cochlear implants: parental perspectives. Average age at implantation was 4.7 years: range 1.3–12.4 years, with 86% percent congenitally deaf, and 14% acquired deafness. Parents responded to 74 statements on a Likert scale; the responses exploring the process of implantation have been reported in a previous paper. Those responses reporting the outcomes for children and families following implantation are analysed in this paper. Parents reported that they were largely satisfied with the outcomes from implantation: that their children developed greater confidence, were more independent, that the use of spoken language had developed greatly and that communication within the family had improved. The children did not need more support from their parents than before implantation and the support parents were giving was more productive. However, there still remained concerns: parents needed to be patient as progress took time, and a number remained concerned about future education and felt that outcomes from implantation had not met their expectations. The children were considered reliant on their implant systems and hence on the optimal functioning of the technology; this demands long-term management to ensure that those dealing with the technology on a daily basis have the skills and equipment to manage them optimally. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AN INTERPRETATION OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN AGROPYRON REPENS (GRAMINAE)

Phenotypic plasticity and genotypic variation were studied in Agropyron repens L. (Beauv.) collected from populations in two grassland communities which differed in the length of time since the last major disturbance. Twenty genotypes were collected from each population. Each genotype was vegetatively propagated, and subjected to six different treatments in a greenhouse. Phenotypic plasticity and genotypic variability were measured as across- and within-treatment standardized variances respectively. Patterns of plasticity were measured by genotype correlations across treatments. The results were presented graphically by the regression method of Garbutt and Zangerl (1983). Analysis of variance revealed significant population, genotype and treatment effects. Significant positive correlations between magnitude and variability of performance were found for all characters. Phenotypic plasticity and magnitude of performance were generally greater in plants collected from the older established field. Evidence for greater specialization in the older population was suggested by negative correlations between performance in the most favorable and least favorable treatments and by greater dissimilarity of genotype response across treatments. A more variable phenotypic response across treatments (i.e., higher plasticity) for plants from the older population may therefore be a consequence of specialization and not an adaptive trait per se.
Acculturation as a frustration-negotiation cycle: North Korean women defectors in South Korea

Ever since the corrupt leadership of North Korea stopped distributing wages and food, men’s role as breadwinners was upended and the family structure has altered. Wives tended to take on both roles, as breadwinners and homemakers because their husbands became unable to provide financial security for their families. North Korea has had a male-dominated family structure, where a man’s authority over his wife far exceeds what is seen in South Korea, where women are quite independent; marriage begins with a romantic relationship, and divorce is not such a disgrace. It was seen that female defectors have tended to exceed male defectors with respect to financial independence. For the latter, one of the main obstacles in cultural adaption is change in political ideology, which did not bother the former to the same extent. While the men struggled with ideological changes, the women approached their circumstances realistically and were more down to earth. In this study, three female defectors, aged 31, 42, and 53 years, participated and shared their stories. Throughout the interviews, they frequently compared their lives in both North and South Korea. The substantial differences between the two locations resulted in major frustration for them. While the participants experienced frustration with regard to their negotiations—or what is referred to as frustration-negotiation in this study—they developed their own sense of judgment and perspectives and began to modify their identities.
Influence of Extracellular Matrix on the Lipogenesis of Cultured White Fat Cells

Collagenase digests from subcutaneous fat tissue of new born rats were cultured on different types of collagen gel containing 50% type I collagen, on fibronectin (Fn) or on laminin (Lm). On day 6, 17% of cells on a plastic substratum differentiated and had multilocular or unilocular cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs). Cells on each type of collagen and on Lm had more CLDs than those on a plastic substratum. The extent of lipogenesis showed the following decreasing order: cells on Lm (80%), on type IV+I collagen (70%), on type I collagen (52%), on type III+I collagen (36%), on type II+I collagen (32%). On day 14, most cells on Lm became unilocular fat cells. Cells on Fn showed delipidation and showed decreased reactivity to insulin stimulation.Immunohistochemically differentiated fat cells were positively stained with antilaminin or anti-type IV collagen antibodies. These results provide evidence that Lm and type IV collagen promote fat cell differentiation, whereas Fn facilitates dedifferentiation into the fibroblast-like fat cell.
Investigation on intestinal bacterial flora and Salmonella spp. presence in organic and conventional chickens

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible differences in the intestinal microflora composition among the different rearing systems (conventional vs organic) and the Salmonella diffusion using bacteriological techniques. The results showed that the differences between the two groups at the same age, expressed by the bacterial count, are not conclusive in showing an influence of the rearing systems. Salmonella Hadar was isolated once in caeca of conventional and once in caeca of organic ones. Though the results are preliminary and referred to a well defined geographic area in Central Italy, Salmonella detection does not seem to be common in conventional and organic chicken farms.
Morphological plasticity in Trifolium repens L.: the effects of clone genotype, soil nutrient level, and the genotype of conspecific neighbours

This study investigates the effects on clone morphology when different genotypes of Trifolium repens L. (white clover) are grown together in mixtures. Three genets of T. repens were selected from a field population and grown in a greenhouse partly in isolation and partly in mixture with another T. repens clone, either of the same or of a different genotype, and at two soil nutrient levels. Responses in growth and form were assessed by measuring the following variables: dry mass per quadrat, polygon area, ramet mass, number of nodes, proportion of nodes branching and internode length. Analysis revealed numerous significant main effects of soil nutrient level, as well as identity of own and of neighbour genotype on clone growth and form but did not detect any interactions; this may have been due to the low number of surviving replicates. In response to increasing soil nutrient levels there was (i) an increase in number or size of some of the characters measured and (ii), a change in form of the plant, which affected the placement of daughter ramets. In general, the response of most variables to increased soil nutrients was consistent with the hypothesis that clones consolidate occupation of favourable habitat patches and increase their probability of escape from unfavourable conditions. Clover clones also responded to neighbouring clones in a manner consistent with this hypothesis, increasing the likelihood of growing away from competitors, although the responses were not as pronounced as those induced by soil nutrients. The responses were strongest in fertilized conditions and in the clone with the most guerilla-like growth form. The precise response exhibited by any clone differed according to the genotype of the neighbour encountered. The changes provoked by conspecific neighbours were localized within the parts of the clones encountering the neighbours, rather than spread throughout the whole clone. Key words: plasticity, integration, Trifolium repens, clonal species.
Effect of 17β-Estradiol-d-17β-Glucuronide on the Rat Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 2-Mediated Transport Differs Depending on Substrates

Rat organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (rOatp2) is a member of the OATP family. It exhibits broad substrate specificity and accepts amphipathic organic anions, cardiac glycosides (digoxin and ouabain; a neutral compound), and organic cations (rocuronium andN-(4,4-azo-n-pentyl)-21-deoxyajamalinium). In the present study, kinetic analyses were carried out to investigate whether taurocholate (TCA), digoxin, and 17β-estradiol-d-17β−glucuronide (E217βG) share the same recognition site on rOatp2 for their transport. The transport of TCA and digoxin was mutually inhibited, and theKi values of digoxin and TCA for the transport of TCA and digoxin were 0.58 and 160 μM, respectively. TheKm and Vmaxvalues of TCA and digoxin were 190 μM and 140 pmol/min/mg of protein and 1.1 μM and 6.6 pmol/min/mg of protein, respectively. TheKm and Ki values were consistent. In addition, digoxin (1 μM) and TCA (100 μM) increased the Km values of TCA and digoxin, respectively, but they did not affect theVmax values, suggesting that their inhibition is competitive. The transport of digoxin via rOatp2 was inhibited slightly by E217βG, whereas the uptake of TCA was stimulated by E217βG in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that rOatp2 has at least two substrate recognition sites, one for TCA and digoxin and the other for E217βG.
Lateral meristems, successive cambia and their products: a reinterpretation based on roots and stems of Nyctaginaceae

Anatomical studies of stems and roots with lateral growth from eight species of seven genera of Nyctaginaceae provide material for analysis of meristematic activity and histological products of that activity. Ideas about occurrence of meristems that achieve lateral growth in Nyctaginaceae are reviewed. The interpretation offered for the family differs from those of other workers, although the new interpretation is clearly implicit in Solereder's figure of secondary growth in Pisonia. A lateral meristem produces secondary cortex to the outside. To the inside, it produces conjunctive tissue (both parenchymatous and fibrous), true rays (except in Bougainvillea and Heimerliodendron) and a succession of vascular cambia. As each vascular cambium is produced, the lateral meristem outside of the vascular cambium tends to become quiescent, returning to activity when the vascular cambium internal to it has become less active. Quiescence of the lateral meristem at these points coordinates the amount of tissue produced to the inside in zones without vascular cambia with that produced in zones with cambia. Heimerliodendron is rayless; Bougainvillea has minimal differentiation between conjunctive tissue parenchyma and ray parenchyma. Vascular cambia do not produce rays in Nyctaginaceae (lateral meristems do), although vascular cambia produce vessels, axial parenchyma and sometimes fibres to the inside and indefinite amounts of secondary phloem to the outside (earlier increments of phloem are crushed). Conjunctive tissue is held to have both parenchymatous and fibrous components and is readily distinguished from products of vascular cambia. Nonbordered perforation plates characterize Nyctaginaceae, as they do many families of Caryophyllales. The anatomical plan of Heimerliodendron is markedly different from that of Pisonia s. s. , and Pisonia sect. Prismatocarpus (which includes Heimerliodendron in some treatments) may merit generic recognition. The lateral meristems of all Nyctaginaceae studied are storied (stratified), as are products except for fibres, which undergo such extensive intrusive growth that a storied pattern is not achieved at maturity. The terms ‘included phloem’ and ‘interxylary phloem’ must be abandoned for descriptions of vascular tissue in families of the order Caryophyllales. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 146, 129–143.
New species of Stygiopontius (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) from a deep–sea hydrothermal vent at the East Pacific Rise

Three dirivultid copepods, Stygiopontius puxillifer sp.n. and S. appositus sp.n. , unusual in having pegs along the ventral edges of the cephalosome, and S. lurniger sp.n. , distinguiahcd from congeners by the modificd thorn‐like seta on the second segment of the maxilliped, arc dcscrihcd from a depth of 2616 m at 21°N in the eastern Pacific.
Controle da ferrugem da folha de pessegueiro mediante pulverizações com diferentes fungicidas

O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar a combinacao de diferentes fungicidas no controle da ferrugem da folha em pomares de pessegueiros e sua viabilidade economica. As plantas que receberam os tratamentos Amistar + Folicur (T1) e Amistar + Manzate (T2) apresentaram maior retencao foliar e menor severidade de ferrugem nas folhas remanescentes. A cultivar Ouro mostrou-se mais suscetivel a doenca que as cultivares Chimarrita e Premier. Houve aumento na produtividade e na renda bruta do produtor, justificando a adocao da pratica testada.
The Infant Monitor of Vocal Production: Simple Beginnings

Abstract The Infant Monitor of vocal Production (IMP) was conceived as an educational strategy to help parents understand the nature and pace of their baby's vocal development following neonatal diagnosis and amplification for hearing loss. The potential for other clinical applications emerged with use. The instrument presents as a series of parent–professional conversations that scaffold parent observation and evaluation of their baby's vocal development across the first 12 months of natural hearing ability/early device-aided hearing experience. A graphic representation of IMP results illustrates for parents and professionals the timeliness (or otherwise) of a baby's advancement through a hierarchy of vocal behaviours that demonstrate the emergence and integrity of an infant's audition-production loop—the mechanism whereby acuity of hearing guides nascent vocal productions to progressively ‘mirror’ the acoustic features of accessible speech. A pilot study showed that the IMP quantified typical infant vocal development as a function of chronological age/normal hearing experience (birth to 12 months). Further, it demonstrated that the instrument was sensitive to individual differences in rate of vocal development for infants, from birth to 12 months of device-assisted hearing age.
Macroeconomic Impacts of the Public Health Response to COVID-19

The economic impact of public health measures to contain the COVID-19 novel coronavirus is a matter of contentious debate. Given the high uncertainties, there is a need for combined epidemiological-macroeconomic scenarios. We present a model in this paper for developing such scenarios. The epidemiological sub-model is a discrete-time matrix implementation of an SEIR model. This approach avoids known problems with the more usual set of continuous-time differential equations. The post-Keynesian macroeconomic sub-model is a stylized representation of the United States economy with three sectors: core, social (most impacted by social distancing), and hospital, which may experience excessive demand. Simulations with the model show the clear superiority of a rigorous testing and contact tracing regime in which infected individuals, symptomatic or not, are isolated. Social distancing leads to an abrupt and deep recession. With expanded unemployment benefits, the drop is shallower. When testing and contact tracing is introduced, social spending can be scaled back and the economy recovers quickly. Ending social distancing without a testing and tracing regime leads to a high death toll and severe economic impacts. Results suggest that social distancing and fiscal stimulus have had their desired effects of reducing the health and economic impacts of the disease.
Classical individual assignments versus mixture modeling to estimate stock proportions in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) catches from DNA microsatellite data

Mixture modeling is shown to outperform classical individual assignments for both estimating stock compo- sition and identifying individuals' sources in a case study of an eight-locus DNA microsatellite database from 26 At- lantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks of the Baltic Sea. Performance of the estimation methods was compared using self- assignment tests applied to each of the baseline samples and using independent repeat samples from two of the baseline stocks. The different theoretical underpinnings, hypothesis testing versus decision theory, of the methods explain their estimation capacities. In addition, actual catch samples from three northern Baltic Sea sites in 2000 were analysed by mixture modeling, and estimated compositions were consistent with previous knowledge. Baltic main basin and Gulf of Finland stocks were each minor components (<1% at any site), and three groups of Gulf of Bothnia stocks, wild (36%-43% among sites), Finnish hatchery (15%-49%), and Swedish hatchery (11%-41%), were each important with the two hatchery contributions trending geographically. Resume : Dans une etude de cas comportant une banque de donnees sur des microsatellites ADN a huit locus prove- nant de 26 stocks de saumons atlantiques (Salmo salar) de la Baltique, nous montrons qu'un modele de melange fonctionne mieux que les assignations individuelles classiques, tant pour estimer la composition des stocks que pour identifier les origines des individus. Nous avons compare la performance des methodes d'estimation a celle des tests d'auto-assignation appliques a chacun des echantillons de base et a des echantillons repetees independants des deux stocks de base. Les differents fondements theoriques, evaluation d'hypothese ou theorie de decision, des methodes expliquent leur capacite d'estimation. De plus, nous avons analyse des echantillons reels de recoltes en 2000 dans trois sites du nord de la Baltique a l'aide de modeles de melange; les compositions estimees que nous avons obtenues concordent avec nos connaissances anterieures. Les stocks du bassin principal de la Baltique et du golfe de Finlande sont tous deux des composantes mineures (<1 % a tous les sites) et trois groupes de stocks du golfe de Bothnie, stocks sauvages (36-43 % parmi les sites), stocks finlandais de pisciculture (15-49 %) et stocks suedois de pisciculture (11-41 %), sont tous importants; les deux contributions des piscicultures suivent des gradients geographiques. (Traduit par la Redaction) Koljonen et al. 2158