Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A polynomial-time tree decomposition to minimize congestion

Räcke recently gave a remarkable proof showing that any undirected multicommodity flow problem can be routed in an oblivious fashion with congestion that is within a factor of O(log3 n) of the best off-line solution to the problem. He also presented interesting applications of this result to distributed computing. Maggs, Miller, Parekh, Ravi and Wu have shown that such a decomposition also has an application to speeding up iterative solvers of linear systems. Räcke's construction finds a decomposition tree of the underlying graph, along with a method to obliviously route in a hierarchical fashion on the tree. The construction, however, uses exponential-time procedures to build the decomposition. The non-constructive nature of his result was remedied, in part, by Azar, Cohen, Fiat, Kaplan, and Räcke, who gave a polynomial time method for building an oblivious routing strategy. Their construction was not based on finding a hierarchical decomposition, and this precludes its application to iterative methods for solving linear systems. In this paper, we show how to compute a hierarchical decomposition and a corresponding oblivious routing strategy in polynomial time. In addition, our decomposition gives an improved competitive ratio for congestion of O(log2 n log log n). In an independent result in this conference, Bienkowski, Korzeniowski, and Räcke give a polynomial-time method for constructing a decomposition tree with competitive ratio O(log4 n). We note that our original submission used essentially the same algorithm, and we appreciate them allowing us to present this improved version.
Interaction between genetic predisposition to adiposity and dietary protein in relation to subsequent change in body weight and waist circumference

Background: Genetic predisposition to adiposity may interact with dietary protein in relation to changes of anthropometry. Objective: To investigate the interaction between genetic predisposition to higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) or waist-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHR BMI ) and dietary protein in relation to subsequent change in body weight ( D BW) or change in WC ( D WC). Design: Three different Danish cohorts were used. In total 7,054 individuals constituted the study population with information on diet, 50 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMI, WC or WHR BMI , as well as potential confounders. Mean follow-up time was , 5 years. Four genetic predisposition-scores were based on the SNPs; a complete- score including all selected adiposity- associated SNPs, and three scores including BMI, WC or WHR BMI associated polymorphisms, respectively. The association between protein intake and D BW or D WC were examined and interactions between SNP-score and protein were investigated. Analyses were based on linear regressions using macronutrient substitution models and meta-analyses. Results: When protein replaced carbohydrate, meta-analyses showed no associations with D BW (41.0 gram/y/5 energy% protein, [95% CI: 2 32.3; 114.3]) or D WC ( ,2 0.1 mm/y/5 energy % protein, [ 2 1.1; 1.1]). Similarly, there were no interactions for any SNP-scores and protein for either D BW (complete SNP-score: 1.8 gram/y/5 energy% protein/risk allele, [ 2 7.0; 10.6]) or D WC (complete SNP-score: , 0.1 mm/y/5 energy% protein/risk allele, [ 2 0.1; 0.1]). Similar results were seen when protein replaced fat. Conclusion: This study indicates that the genetic predisposition to general and abdominal adiposity, assessed by gene- scores, does not seem to modulate the influence of dietary protein on D BW or D WC . and a honorarium for speaking at an industry-sponsored satellite symposia from National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, USA and Danone Inc, Europe. None of these grants supported the present study. The support by Novo Nordisk and The Danish Pharmaceutical Association were unconditional grants. None of the funders had any role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
DETERMINANTS OF CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING IN SELECTED COMPANIES IN NIGERIA

The purpose of this study is to empirically assess how institutional field and internal organizational process factors determine sustainability reporting based on new institutional theory and legitimacy theory. This study employed longitudinal and survey research design to actualize its objectives. Primary data was collected using questionnaire administered to companies to decipher the importance and performance of factors that determine sustainability reporting in Nigeria. Fifty four (54) corporate actors responded to the survey. Secondary data from annual reports, sustainability reports of companies and organizations were also used to actualize the research objectives in this study. Panel data regression techniques namely Fixed Effects estimation and Random Effects estimation in addition to Pooled Ordinary Least Squares regression was carried out on the secondary data collected from corporate reports. Based on the Hausman specification tests, the fixed effects model was more appropriate. The empirical results based on 2010 to 2014 data on sustainability reporting, institutional field factors and reporting process factors lend some support to the new institutional theory and legitimacy theory. The data analyses also showed that there was a statistical significant variation in sustainability reporting from year 2010 to 2014 in the sample companies. The study further revealed that the companies were influenced by the disclosure guidelines of the Nigerian Stock Exchange regulator (SEC), banking sector regulator introduced in 2011 and 2012 respectively. Results of the Fixed Effects model showed that Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) code of corporate governance, Central Bank of Nigeria Sustainability Banking Principles, accounting firm affiliation and sustainability reporting. Also, stakeholder engagement had a significant positive relationship with sustainability reporting. From these findings, it can be concluded that stakeholder engagement is crucial for sustainability reporting. The implication of these findings is that companies should take their sustainability reporting through assurance in order to improve the reporting content. This has the potential of improving sustainability reporting, as well as adding value to the sustainability principles put in place by regulators. Companies should be monitored by regulators to ensure that disclosure requirements of the code of corporate governance and sustainable banking guidelines are properly implemented. Small and medium sized accounting firms should be equipped with relevant information on sustainability reporting to enable them offer advisory services to companies
Diffusion in Gaseous Detonations

To clarify the role of diffusion on detonation structure a two-dimensional numerical simulation is performed by solving the Navier-Stokes equations and considering the single step Arrhenius kinetic as reaction model. The effect of diffusion on the generation of vortices produced by hydrodynamic instabilities (RM and KH instabilities) is investigated in this study. All the computations are performed with resolution of 300 cells per hrl. Mixtures with both low and high activation energies, characterized by their regular and irregular detonation structures, are considered. Results provided by very high resolution reveal that the structure obtained for irregular structure by solving the Euler equations differ from that obtained by solving the Navier-Stokes equations. However, in lowresolution simulations, the irregular structure obtained by solving both the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations are very the same. The major effect of diffusion occurs at shear layers and unburned pockets boundaries. Diffusion suppresses the small-scale vortices produced by KH instabilities and decreases the mixing rate of hot and cold gases at shear layers. However, behind the shock front where less concentration of small scale vortices exist, the diffusion of heat and mass from neighboring hot regions of burned material to the un-reacted gases increases the burning rate of the un-reacted pockets. In addition, the solution of Navier-Stokes equations shows that, the diffusion increases the strength of the shock front while decreases the strength of the transverse waves. Due to the absence of hydrodynamic instabilities and un-reacted gas pockets behind the main front of regular structure detonations, the results obtained by solving the Euler equations and Navier-Stokes equations are similar for detonations with regular structure even in high resolution simulations.
Is Training More Frequent When the Wage Premium Is Smaller

According to Becker [1964], when labour markets are perfectly competitive, general training is paid by the worker, who reaps all the benefits from the investment. Therefore, ceteris paribus, the greater the training wage premium, the greater the investment in general training. Using data from the European Community Household Panel, we compute a proxy of the training wage premium in clusters of homogeneous workers and find that smaller premia induce greater incidence of off-site training, which is likely to impart general skills. Our findings suggest that the Becker model provides insufficient guidance to understand empirical training patterns. Conversely, they are not inconsistent with theories of training in imperfectly competitive labour markets, in which firms may be willing to finance general training if the wage structure is compressed, that is, if the increase in productivity after training is greater than the increase in pay.
Excessive serial verb construction: A quasi-resultative serial verb construction in Mandarin Chinese

This paper identifies a distinct serial verb construction in Mandarin Chinese: the Excessive serial verb construction. This construction exhibits formal similarity to the Resultative serial verb construction, since both of them involve adjacent unmarked verbs. Despite the similarity, the former construction differs from the latter most evidently in that it conveys an excessive meaning rather than a resultative meaning. This paper proposes that there is a syntactic difference between the two constructions. In contrast to the tight structure in the Resultative serial verb construction, which can be represented as S[vp V1 V2] le . The Excessive serial verb construction has a looser structure, which is structurally S[[vpV1] [vp V2- le ]]. With respect to diagnostics of constituency, the two constructions behave in different ways. This paper further argues that correlating with a distinct structure, the Excessive serial verb construction requires obligatory topicalization of its undergoer argument, a phenomenon that is not observed in the Resultative serial verb construction. This study thus contributes to representing the interaction between the semantic properties – in particular, the function of le in the two constructions – and the syntactic properties.
LETTER TO THE EDITOR Reply To: No Correlation Between Estimated and Actual Glomerular Filtration Rates in Pediatric Oncology Patients

To the Editor: We appreciate the letter by Uzunova et al. in which they comment on our recent publication [1]. Uzunova et al. report a lack of agreement between the measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and four estimates of the GFR for 79 episodes in 29 children with cancer receiving chemotherapy [1]. They conclude that there is no significant positive correlation between estimated and actual GFR in their cohort, and even less reliability for children weighing less than 10 kg. They state that the tested estimation formulae for GFR are not safe for use in children with cancer receiving chemotherapy. Our data indicate a lack of agreement between three estimation formulae and the measured GFR in 174 children with cancer [2]. We found that none of the three tested formulae provided a clinically reliable estimate for GFR in our study population. We also found particular subsets of patients at greatest risk for overestimation of the GFR when evaluating the most clinically relevant Revised Schwartz equation; namely, children aged 6–12 years old and those patients with a diagnosis of neuroblastoma. We concluded that the three formulae tested did not provide a clinically reliable estimate for GFR in our cohort of children with cancer. Our results, and those of Uzunova et al. describe the results of two single-center, retrospective analyses of heterogeneous populations of children with cancer. We would be interested in an analysis of children with similar diagnoses receiving a comparable treatment approach, controlling for factors such as the cumulative dose of nephrotoxic chemotherapy, antimicrobials, or other known nephrotoxic agents. We agree with Uzunova et al. that the lack of agreement among estimations and measurements of glomerular filtration in children with cancer is concerning. An appropriate bedside estimation formula for glomerular filtration is an important tool to aid with dosing of chemotherapy. These two studies underscore the need to establish a more accurate bedside estimation of glomerular filtration in children with cancer.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Gradient methods for variational optimization of projected entangled-pair states

We present a conjugate-gradient method for the ground-state optimization of projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) in the thermodynamic limit, as a direct implementation of the variational principle within the PEPS manifold. Our optimization is based on an efﬁcient and accurate evaluation of the gradient of the global energy functional by using effective corner environments, and is robust with respect to the initial starting points. It has the additional advantage that physical and virtual symmetries can be straightforwardly implemented. We provide the tools to compute static structure factors directly in momentum space, as well as the variance of the Hamiltonian. We benchmark our method on Ising and Heisenberg models, and show a signiﬁcant improvement on the energies and order parameters as compared to algorithms based on imaginary-time evolution.
Playing Favorites: How Firms Prevent the Revelation of Bad News

We explore a subtle but important mechanism through which firms can control information flow to the markets. We find that firms that “cast” their conference calls by disproportionately calling on bullish analysts tend to underperform in the future. Firms that call on more favorable analysts experience more negative future earnings surprises and more future earnings restatements. A long-short portfolio that exploits this differential firm behavior earns abnormal returns of up to 149 basis points per month, or almost 18 percent per year. We find similar evidence in an international sample of earnings call transcripts from the UK, Canada, France, and Japan. Firms with higher discretionary accruals, firms that barely meet/exceed earnings expectations, and firms (and their executives) that are about to issue equity, sell shares, and exercise options, are all significantly more likely to cast their earnings calls.
N ° 2009-09 Search and Research : The influence of editorial boards on journals ’ quality

This paper considers the search for the best papers by the editors of an academic journal. Editors' search is sequential. At each period, each editor receives one submission from a researcher and has to decide if she accepts or rejects the paper. The editorial board is heterogeneous, some editors being more demanding than others. On the academic side, researchers choose the quality level of their papers in order to maximize their utility function taking as given the composition of the editorial board. We show that three equilibria may occur. When the number of the less demanding editors is high, or if the editors exhibit great differences in their demand for quality, the journal will attract fewer submissions, publish a small number of papers and these papers will be of low quality. When the editorial board is composed by a homogeneous set of very demanding editors, the journal will publish a high number of high quality papers. For some intermediate structure of the board, a situation of multiple equilibria allows a hybrid equilibrium to exist in which the journal receives both good and bad papers. The long run and welfare implications of these equilibria are analyzed.
Measurement of High-Energy Muon Neutrinos with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

More than a century after their discovery the origin of high-energy cosmic rays remains unknown. With the discovery of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by the IceCube collaboration a new window into the universe has been opened. The discovery relies on high-energy neutrinos which interact within the instrumented volume of the detector. A complementary search strategy is the selection of charged-current muon neutrino events which can interact outside the instrumented volume. Due to the large muon range the effective area is significantly larger, but the field of view is restricted to the Northern Hemisphere. In this thesis the selection of muon neutrino events using ”Boosted Decision Trees“ is presented. In total more than 350,000 neutrino candidates have been selected using data from 2009 through 2015. The majority of these events are atmospheric neutrinos and the contribution of atmospheric muons is negligible. Due to an increased selection efficiency and using additional years of data, the statistics increase by more than an order of magnitude compared to previous event selections [1, 2]. The final dataset has been analyzed using two-dimensional likelihood approach in reconstructed muon energy and zenith. The measured astrophysical neutrino flux is compatible with an isotropic, unbroken power-law flux with a normalization of p0.90`0.30 ́0. 27qˆ10 GeV ́1 cm ́2 sr ́1 s ́1 at 100TeV and a spectral index of 2.13 ̆ 0.13. A neutrino flux of only atmospheric origin can be rejected with a significance of 5. 6σ. Compared to previous IceCube measurements with lower energy thresholds the measured spectrum is considerably harder indicating a spectral break in the astrophysical neutrino spectrum of unknown origin. Among the selected events is the highestenergy neutrino observed to date. The event has a reconstructed muon energy of p4.5 ̆1.2qPeV and its probability of being of atmospheric origin is below 0.005%. Its arrival direction has been reconstructed as DecpJ2000q “ p11.42 ̆ 0.17q ̋ and RApJ2000q “ p110.63`0.46 ́0.55q. Using Monte Carlo simulations the deposited energy within the instrumented volume can be estimated as p2.6 ̆0.3qPeV and the median neutrino energy as 8.7PeV. Even though a muon neutrino is the most likely origin (88%), the probability of a tau (11%) and an electron neutrino (1%) are not negligible. No correlation with high-energy γ-ray sources has been found. Follow-up analyses with HAWC, HESS, MAGIC and XMM-Newton yield no indication for a source as well. In addition to the highest-energy event 28 events with muon energies above 200TeV have been found. No statistical significant correlation with γ-ray sources could be established.
THE TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE CLIMATE DATA RECORD

We present the composite measurements of total solar irradiance (TSI) as measured by an ensemble of space instruments. The measurements of the individual instruments are put on a common absolute scale, and their quality is assessed by intercomparison. The composite time series is the average of all available measurements. From 1984 April to the present the TSI shows a variation in phase with the 11 yr solar cycle and no significant changes of the quiet-Sun level in between the three covered solar minima.
Distinctive Representation of Mispredicted and Unpredicted Prediction Errors in Human Electroencephalography

The predictive coding model of perception proposes that neuronal responses are modulated by the amount of sensory input that the internal prediction cannot account for (i.e., prediction error). However, there is little consensus on what constitutes nonpredicted stimuli. Conceptually, whereas mispredicted stimuli may induce both prediction error generated by prediction that is not perceived and prediction error generated by sensory input that is not anticipated, unpredicted stimuli involves no top-down, only bottom-up, propagation of information in the system. Here, we examined the possibility that the processing of mispredicted and unpredicted stimuli are dissociable at the neurophysiological level using human electroencephalography. We presented participants with sets of five tones in which the frequency of the fifth tones was predicted, mispredicted, or unpredicted. Participants were required to press a key when they detected a softer fifth tone to maintain their attention. We found that mispredicted and unpredicted stimuli are associated with different amount of cortical activity, probably reflecting differences in prediction error. Moreover, relative to predicted stimuli, the mispredicted prediction error manifested as neuronal enhancement and the unpredicted prediction error manifested as neuronal attenuation on the N1 event-related potential component. These results highlight the importance of differentiating between the two nonpredicted stimuli in theoretical work on predictive coding. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The current research seeks to dissociate the neurophysiological processing of two types of “nonpredicted” stimuli that have long been considered interchangeable: mispredicted and unpredicted stimuli. We found that mispredicted stimuli, which violate predictions, and unpredicted stimuli, which lack predictions, are represented distinctively in the brain. The results will influence the design of experiments on the predictive coding mechanism, in which the contrast between predicted and “nonpredicted” conditions should be specifically defined to reveal the prediction error proper. This is of general interest because it concerns the logic of research investigating all levels of processing (including perceptual, motor, and cognitive processing) in many neuroscientific domains.
EMMA: A Novel Metric for Morphological Analysis - Experimental Results in Detail

This technical report is intended to be a supplement to the conference paper: " Sebastian Spiegler and Christian Monson. EMMA: A Novel Metric for Morphological Analysis. 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING), 2010. " It details described experiments including the evaluation of 93 system-language pairs from Morpho Challenge (MC) 2007, 2008 and 2009 comparing the MC metric against the EMMA metric proposed in the paper above, the comparison against a real-world natural language task – information retrieval, and ways how the previous MC metric could be gamed which have less influence on the EMMA metric.
Experimental characterization of the multipartite continuous-variable entanglement structure from squeezing coefficients and the Fisher information

Understanding the distribution of quantum entanglement over many parties is a fundamental challenge of quantum physics and is of practical relevance for several applications in the field of quantum information. Here we use methods from quantum metrology to microscopically characterize the entanglement structure of multimode continuous-variable states in all possible multi-partitions and in all reduced distributions. From experimentally measured covariance matrices of Gaussian states with 2, 3, and 4 photonic modes with controllable losses, we extract the metrological sensitivity as well as an upper separability bound for each partition. An entanglement witness is constructed by comparing the two quantities. Our analysis demonstrates the usefulness of these methods for continuous-variable systems and provides a detailed geometric understanding of the robustness of cluster-state entanglement under photon losses.