Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avaliacao genetica de progenies em meios-irmaos de seringueira em diferentes regioes do estado de Sao Paulo.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial genetico de progenies de meios-irmaos de seringueira [ Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Mull. Arg. ] em tres diferentes locais do Estado de Sao Paulo. Progenies de 22 genotipos foram obtidas de uma populacao-base introduzida da Malasia. As variaveis estudadas foram a producao, avaliada por tres testes precoces, e o vigor avaliado por meio de quatro incrementos anuais do caule. A producao e o incremento, dentro de cada local, apresentaram variacoes geneticas semelhantes entre progenies em relacao as variaveis estudadas. Foram detectadas variacoes geneticas entre progenies somente quanto ao incremento. O efeito de locais foi significativo e bastante expressivo em todas as avaliacoes da producao e do incremento. Os efeitos da interacao de progenies por locais foram significativos nas tres ultimas avaliacoes de incremento, refletindo-se na reducao das herdabilidades e portanto na selecao de locais em conjunto. As estimativas das herdabilidades no sentido restrito foram similares as obtidas entre plantas dentro de progenies que, por sua vez, foram inferiores as obtidas na media das progenies em relacao a ambas as variaveis estudadas. As estimativas de ganhos geneticos com a selecao entre e dentro de progenies mostraram grandes avancos geneticos em relacao as duas variaveis estudadas, revelando grande possibilidade de sucesso da selecao dentro de cada experimento.
Functional analysis of oil palm palmitoyl-ACP thioesterase (FatB) gene via down-regulation in a model plant: Arabidopsis thaliana.

Isolation of genes from the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) has been routinely carried out to genetically alter the fatty acid content of palm oil to produce novel fatty acids and other metabolites. This study evaluated the function of an oil palm palmitoyl-ACP thioesterase (FatB) gene in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis thaliana was transformed via the ‘floral-dip’ transformation method with either the gusA reporter gene (pCAMBIA 3301), an antisense palmitoyl-ACP thioesterase gene (pCB302-AT2), or the sense palmitoyl-ACP thioesterase gene (pCB302-AT1), together with the bar (Basta-resistant) selectable marker gene. Transformed seeds were selected by growing them on wet compost containing Basta. Bastaresistant plants were subjected to PCR and GUS analyses to prove the integration of the transgenes and their expression. Fatty acid composition of the transgenic seeds were analysed using gas chromatography. It was observed that the amount of palmitic acid (C16:0) in the sense transgenic seeds increased to 11.78 mol% compared to 8.91 mol% in the wild type control plants. Fatty acid analysis of the antisense transgenic seeds revealed that the amount of C16:0 in these lines decreased slightly from 8.91 mol% to 8.13 mol%. The results revealed the expected function of the oil palm palmitoyl-ACP thioesterase gene. Furthermore, this study also demonstrated the ability to test functionality of oil palm genes (from a monocotyledon) in a dicotyledonous plant, Arabidopsis thaliana.
THE EFFECT OF ECOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION ON GENETIC RECOMBINATION IN THE ENTEROBACTERIA

The existence of distinct species of life is generally explained by the genetic process of reproduction without recombination between populations and/or the ecological process of adaptation to different environments. Both processes affect prokaryotes, and have shaped existing genomes. Here, we use comparative genomic techniques to evaluate the dynamics of divergence among species of the Enterobacteriaceae. Bacteria such as Escherichia coli preferentially acquire allelic variants from closely related organisms (i.e. other E. coli) rather than from more diverged bacteria. Ecological differences between donor and recipient affect the probability of allelic variants becoming fixed across the recombining population. We examine the history of recombination among groups of genomes that no longer recombine with each other, but retain sufficient conservation of ancestral nucleotide sequences to allow recombination to be inferred. From these analyses, we conclude that substantial levels of recombination occurred between E. coli and diverging lineages even after some regions of the genomes had acquired many nucleotide differences. We identify two evolutionary radiations leading to E. coli where the disparity among loci confounds the phylogenetic relationships among species, as evidenced by topological incongruence among gene trees. The forces affecting recombination, reflected in both pairwise divergence and topologically informative sites, vary across regions of the genome measuring tens of kilobases. To examine the relationship between ecological differentiation and genetic recombination, we characterize differences that could be responsible for ecological differentiation among these species. Some of the loci with the most apparent functional differences (i.e. the gain and loss of genes) are associated with the greatest levels of sequence divergence between species, consistent with the hypothesis that ecological divergence interferes with homologous recombination, and therefore drives sequence divergence and genetic isolation. To investigate the role of more subtle ecological differentiation, we develop a statistical framework to evaluate codon usage bias of each protein-coding gene, taking into account the stochastic balance between codon selection, which is driven by the need for high expression, and mutational biases. This tool will be useful in future studies examining codon selection as contribution to diversification among the ecologically diverse species of Enterobacteriaceae.
Morphology of the Immature Stages of Culicoides sonorensis Wirth and Jones (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) With Observations on Their Biology

The egg, all four larval instars, and pupa of Culicoides sonorensis Wirth and Jones (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are described and imaged using a compound microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The differences between the larval instars have also been noted. The swimming speeds of the larvae as well as the location of the pupae and their responses to both changes in the waterline and prolonged submersion underwater have also been examined.
The Impact of Debate Strategy on Developing English Vocabulary and Decision Making of French Department Students at Al-Arish Faculty of Education

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of debate strategy on developing English vocabulary and decision making of French department students at Al-Arish faculty of education . The design of the study was a one group pre – posttest quasi experimental design. Thirty of third – year French university students were selected to be the experimental group of the study. This experimental group was tested using pre – post vocabulary test and decision making scale before and after being exposed to debate activities treatment . The experiment lasted for two months during the first term of 2017-2018 academic year . Paired – samples of t – test revealed significant differences between the pre test and post test of vocabulary test and the scale of decision making . It was concluded that using debate strategy to university students was effective on developing their vocabulary and decision making .
Education in Cameroon

Education in Cameroon is among the best in Africa.Education is compulsory through the age of 14 years.Primary school education has been free since 2000; however, families must pay for uniforms and book fees.Tuition and fees at the secondary school level remain unaffordable for many families.In 2002, the gross primary enrollment rate was 108 percent. Gross enrollment ratios are based on the number of students formally registered in primary school and do not necessarily reflect actual school attendance. In 2001, 84.6 percent of children ages 10 to 14 years were attending school. As of 2001, 64 percent of children who started primary school were likely to reach grade 5.
Indications, Results and Complications of Elbow Arthroscopy Treatment in Eighteen Patients

Background: Elbow arthroscopy is increasingly applied to diagnose and treat elbow pathologies. Although evidence about its eﬃcacy is rising, it is still not suﬃcient to prove it as the preferred technique for the treatment of elbow diseases. Methods: Sincethismethodisverynewandonlyafewstudieshavebeencarriedoutonthistechnique, thecurrentresearchersde-cidedtoundertakeastudyatanacademicreferralhospitaltodeterminethefunctionaloutcomeof thismethod. Datawereprovided using review of records, applying questionnaires before and after operation, and at ﬁnal visit (one-year postop). Results: Inthisanalyticalcase-seriesstudy,eighteenpatients,whounderwentelbowarthroscopywithmeanageof 36.11 ± 6.14years were enrolled during year 2013 to 2015. Between 32 indications of elbow arthroscopy, most indications were arthrolysis (12 cases) and removal of osteophyte and debridement in elbow arthritis (9 cases). Based on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the mean scores of elbow pain intensity were 5.22 ± 1.7 before the surgery and 2.94 ± 1.73 at ﬁnal follow up. Also, mean scores provided by Quick Dash questionnaire were 41.2 ± 16.5 before the surgery and 20.8 ± 12.9 at one-year postop visit (P < 0.001). In patients’ follow-up, no complications, such as infection and nervous damage of compartment syndrome, were seen. Conclusions: Although arthroscopic treatment of elbow lesions may possess few complications, it has favorable functional outcome, and it is a reliable method in the hands of expert orthopedists. Attaining favorable results may require paying attention to contraindications, technical considerations, careful patient selection, and proper general care of the patient.
Factors association with some bacteria cause diarrhea disease among children under 5 years old

Aim: “Diarrhea has been a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years old. This study was intended to assessment level of personal hygiene, type of water taken by children, crowding index and some factors associated with some bacterial infection in children under 5 years. ”Material and Methods: This study enrolled 143 children under 5 years with clinical evidence of diarrheal disease through the period extending from 15/4/2016 to 30/8/2016, who were admitted to Baghdad teaching hospital, stool samples were collected from children who had diarrhea were inoculated on selective culture media using standard method. “The isolate were identified depending on morphological feature of colonies and from all media biochemically using API 20E system. ”Results: A total bacterial infection was observed (13.9%). Specific prevalence of species bacteria is as follows,” E.coli (7.7%), and Shigella spp. (2%), and Salmonella spp. (3.5%) and V. cholera (0.7%). ” Finding from our study indicate that patient in the age group >5 years of age were more likely to have diarrhea than those who were younger, and Children that consumed tap water were more infected with bacteria (9.7%). In this study, crowding index were associated with diarrheal disease,” children from households with 1 or 2 people per room were (1.4%) less likely to have diarrhea compared to children from household with more than 3 people per room (30%). Our results indicate that availability of house hold sanitation facilities, access to filter and clean water, good personal hygiene and butter nutrition were all associated with lower incidence of diarrhea. ”
Effect of planting materials, mulch levels and farmyard manure on growth, yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa).

A field experiment was conducted during 2007-08 and 2008-09 to study the effect of different planting materials, mulch levels and farmyard manure on growth, yield and quality of turmeric. Among the planting materials, use of mother rhizome resulted in better yield and quality compared to primary and secondary rhizomes. Mulching was also found to exert favourable effect on growth, yield and quality of rhizomes. Application of FYM increased the growth, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of turmeric.
Epidemiology of traumatic orthopaedic injuries at Princess Marina Hospital, Botswana

Background: Traumatic injuries pose a significant and increasing challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. One major type of traumatic injury is the traumatic orthopaedic injury, whose epidemiology is unknown in Botswana. The aim of the study, therefore, was to evaluate the age, sex, type, and determinants of traumatic orthopaedic injuries for inpatients at Princess Marina Hospital from August 2014 to January 2015.Methods: We performed a descriptive study by retrospectively collecting data on age, sex, date of admission, date of injury, date of discharge, radiological investigation, and injury types and determinants from medical records of patients admitted to orthopaedic wards.Results: The median age of patients with traumatic orthopaedic injuries was 33.5 years (n=372). Males were more frequently injured than females, with a sex ratio of 7:3. Fractures were the most common type of traumatic orthopaedic injury (413 injuries, 75.5%). The most common injury determinants were falls (145 patients/39.0%), road traffic accidents (95 patients/25.5%), and assaults (57 patients/15.3%). Conclusions: Young adult males were the group most affected by traumatic orthopaedic injuries. Fractures were the most common type of traumatic orthopaedic injuries, with falls being the most common injury determinant. These findings may guide efforts to improve healthcare delivery and public health policy.Level of evidence: Level 4
Socio-Demographic Profile and Psychiatric Morbidity of Flood Victims in a Mental Health Camp

Background and objectives: Floods have potentially a negative impact, not only on the physical health but also on the mental health of the affected population. Our aim was to find the pattern of psychiatric morbidity in the flood victims who visited a mental health camp.Methods: This was a cross sectional study, approved by Ethical Committee of government medical college, Srinagar. Written informed consent from the subjects was taken. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to record the socio-demographic status. MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-Plus) was used to assess the psychiatric diagnosis.Results: A total of 115 subjects visited the camp. Most of them belonged to 40-49 years age group (41.74%), females (66.96%) out-numbered males. Most of patients belonged to nuclear families (55.65%). 66 (57.39%) of our subjects had major depressive disorder, 14 (12.17%) had generalized anxiety disorder, 7 (6.09%) had panic disorder, 7 (6.09%) had post-traumatic stress disorder and 5 (4.35%) had adjustment disorder. 16 (13.91%) of our subjects where not found to have any psychiatric disorder.Conclusion: Large number of people is potentially in need of psychological attention following exposure to a disaster such as floods. The people, who are at potential risk of developing psychiatric disorders such as those in poor health and those who have been relocated, may benefit from targeted mental health services following a disaster like floods. In our study, major depressive disorder was the most common disorder affecting flood victims with 57.39% of the patients suffering from it.
Vitamin D status in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia

Background Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive and chronic disease characterized by both β-cell dysfunction and increased insulin resistance. Vitamin D is a crucial factor in the development of T2DM because it is necessary for normal insulin secretion. Despite ample sunshine, vitamin D deficiency is common in the Middle East. Objective To report the vitamin D status and its impact on the people in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia, with T2DM. Patients and methods The study was carried out on 100 patients of 31–79 years old with T2DM. According to their vitamin D status, they were classified into three groups: group 1 (deficient, vitamin D: <20 ng/ml), group 2 (insufficient, vitamin D: 20–30 ng/ml), and group 3 (normal, vitamin D: >30 ng/ml). All were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, and assessment of fasting blood samples of serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [s-25(OH)D], blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, liver enzymes (alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase), urea and creatinine. Results Inadequate vitamin D level was observed in 80% of the participants, with a mean s-25(OH)D of 18.3±10.9 ng/ml. S-25(OH)D correlated negatively with fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P=0.008), with cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (P=0.012 and 0.003, respectively). The low vitamin D status was strongly associated with poor glycemic control (P=0.001) and in females (P=0.002). There was no significant association between s-25(OH)D level and different age groups. Conclusion There is an overwhelming prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in our sample of Saudi diabetic patients. Association of low vitamin D status with poor glycemic control and atherogenic lipid profile suggests a role of vitamin D in the control of T2DM and dyslipidemia and the importance of early detection of its deficiency and vitamin D supplementation.
Cystic echinococcosis in cattle in Uruguay

In Uruguay the Echinococcus granulosus sheep strain, agent of cystic echinococcosis, mainly occurs in the sheep - dog cycle, but cattle are commonly infected. The objective of this work was to study the characteristics of the presence of the larva of E. granulosus in cattle in the northwestern region in Uruguay. Livers and lungs of 1987 slaughtered animals were examined. Metacestodes were found in 10.8% and 66.7% of cattle and herds, respectively. Larvae were more frequently found in lungs followed by the liver and localization in both organs simultaneously. The number of larvae per animal showed an over-dispersed distribution. Among the metacestodes, 97.6% were under 10 cm, 28% located deep in the parenchyma, and hyaline unilocular presentations prevailed compared to caseous septate and calcifi ed presentations. The proportion of fertile hydatid cysts was estimated at 12% and the viability of protoscolices at 85%, but these features were not associated with the organ and did not depend on the size of the larvae. Infection rates and fertility of the cysts support the participation of cattle in the epidemiology of cystic echinococcosis in Uruguay.
Note on the pathology of experimental infection of pigeons by the pigeon paramyxovirosis type I (PPMV-1).

: Oral, intramuscular or intravenous experimentally induced infection of pigeons by paramyxovirosis serotype I (PPMV-1) resulted in nervous signs, and diarrhoea. Necropsic examination showed mild to moderate congestion of viscera and catarrhal enteritis. Histo-pathological changes were most frequent in the central nervous system, followed by kidneys, liver, pancreas, intestines and lungs, together with mild to severe non-purulent meningoencephalitis.
Advances in genetic understanding of gorlin syndrome and emerging treatment options

ABSTRACT Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma nevus syndrome (BCCNS) is a rare syndrome characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCC), odontogenic keratocysts, and other abnormalities. The most common etiology, the loss-of-function PTCH1 mutations and consequent constitutive hedgehog signaling, can be blocked by smoothened inhibitors (SIs). However, other causes and alternative pathways have been identified. Areas covered: Vismodegib and sonidegib are SIs approved for treating advanced BCCs and BCCNS-BCCs, but not without adverse effects. Other SIs include itraconazole, SUBA-itraconazole, and paridegib. Their roles in treating resistance to vismodegib and sonedegib warrant further investigation. Inhibition of downstream hedgehog signaling or PI3K by arsenic trioxide, imiquimod, and busparlisib may control SI resistance. Other potential therapeutic targets to control resistance include TP53, BRCA1, wnt, and SUFU. Expert opinion: BCCNS is more complex than a genetic disease whose consequences result from the predominant PTCH mutation. Other gene mutations, genetic modulation, stromal and surrounding tissue interactions, as well as molecular and electrical chemical constituents contribute to BCCNS being a complex adaptive system with individual and varying presentations in affected patients. Current technology needs to be applied to elucidate the dynamics of disease activity for individual patients.
Crisis preparation, media use, and information seeking: Patterns across Katrina evacuees and lessons learned for crisis communication

This study examined crisis preparation, information seeking patterns, and media use in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Surveys were collected from 964 Katrina evacuees. Results indicated a continued need to create messages encouraging crisis preparation, especially among at-risk subpopulations. Differences in information seeking behavior were detected across age, income, and sex, while new media proved to be a nonfactor. The findings are discussed in terms of pragmatic implications for crisis communication practitioners regarding message design and placement.
Effect of Recreational Taekwondo Training on Musculoskeletal System of Primary School Age Children

The article presents a comparative characteristic of the posture and foot shape of the primary school age children involved in various sports groups with children employed only in physical education according to the school curriculum. The aim is to substantiate the effect of taekwondo training on the musculoskeletal system of the junior students. Objective: To investigate visually the correct posture and foot shape of the primary school age children; to identify and assess posture and foot shape of the junior students by calculating brachial index and foot shape index; to make a comparative analysis of posture and foot indices of the students prior to and after the educational experiment as well as of the children involved during the experiment only in the physical education according to the school curriculum, in sports groups in basketball and taekwondo. To achieve these objectives we used the following methods: theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological sources; educational experiment; methods of somatoscopy and somatometry, methods of mathematical processing. Material: 70 primary school age students participated in the study, including 23 girls and 47 boys. For seven months, 43 children in addition to physical education classes were involved in the extra-curricular sports groups: 17 boys in the basketball group, 12 girls and 14 boys in the taekwondo group. Results: Efficiency of applying this martial art as health-improving means was proved in the course of the study on the basis of studying the effect of taekwondo training on the formation of correct posture and foot shape of the primary school age children. Conclusion: It was proved that through special means used in taekwondo the number of children involved in the recreational taekwondo group with normal posture and normal foot shape is much bigger than the children involved in the basketball group and those not involved in the sports groups at all. A large percentage of children with normal posture among students involved in the taekwondo sports group can be explained by the specificity of the sport.