Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Speech and Language: Interdisciplinary Research of Serbian Language I S. Jovičić and M. Sovilj, eds. (IEFPG, Belgrade, 2004), in Serbian QUANTUM AND CLASSICAL NEURAL NETWORKS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MODELING PSYCHOSOMATIC AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS

Quantum bases of consciousness are considered with psychosomatic as well as cognitive implications of two cognitive modes of individual consciousness (direct religious/creative, characteristic of quantum-coherent transitional and altered states of individual consciousness, and indirect perceptually/rationally mediated, characteristic of classically-reduced normal states of individual consciousness), alongside with conditions of transformations of one mode into another. Tabular comparative presentation of the possibilities in modelling cognitive and psychosomatic functions (consciousness, perception, creativity, memorising, learning, thinking, language, emotions, transpersonal interactions) is given as well, by using classical-electrochemical hierarchical brain neural networks and quantumholographic microwave Hopfield-like acupuncture neural networks modulated by ultralowfrequency electromagnetic fields of brainwaves, combined with quantum decoherence theory.
Attention and Long Short-Term Memory Network for Remaining Useful Lifetime Predictions of Turbofan Engine Degradation

Machine Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) is often concerned with the prediction of the Remaining Useful Lifetime (RUL) of assets. Accurate real-time RUL predictions enable equipment health assessment and maintenance planning. In this work, we propose a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network combined with global Attention mechanisms to learn RUL relationships directly from time-series sensor data. We use the NASA Commercial Modular Aero- Propulsion System Simulation (C-MAPPS) datasets to assess the performance of our proposed method. We compare our approach with current state-of-the-art methods on the same datasets and show that our results yield competitive results. Moreover, our method does not require previous degradation knowledge, and attention weights can be used to visualise temporal relationships between inputs and predicted outputs.
Financial System Development and Economic Growth

The paper considers maximum likelihood estimation of dynamic panel structural equation models with latent variables and fixed effects (DPSEM). This generalises the structural equation methods where latent variables are measured by multiple observable indicators and where structural and measurement models are jointly estimated to dynamic panel models with fixed effects. Analytical expressions for the covariance structure of the DPSEM model as well as the score vector and the Hessian matrix are given in a closed form, and a scoring method approach to the estimation of the unknown parameters is suggested. We apply these methods to an empirical model of financial development and economic growth where financial development is measured by several observable indicators and the dynamic effects were incorporated in the model. The results suggest a different explanation of the finance-growth relationship to the one commonly reported in the mainstream empirical literature and stress the importance of modelling the measurement structure of the latent variables. JEL classification: C33, G21, O16, O40
DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY FOR NORTHEAST NIGERIA: CHALLENGES AND ISLAMIC SOLUTION

Northeast Nigeria in recent years has been ravaged by Boko Haram insurgency. Boko Haram, a religious insurgent group, poses threats to (mostly) the region and its citizens. Although the Nigerian military and its allies have regained most of the areas hitherto captured, defeating the group has proved challenging despite the multi-nation joint military forces. This is partly due to lack of understanding about causes relating to the emergence and continued existence of the group on one hand and factors that contribute to the growth of the group on the other. Poverty has been attributed to both the cause of the emergence and one of the most important factors that contribute to the growth of the group. Thus, drawing from two poverty theories, culture of poverty and ghetto poverty, this article examines how the interaction of internal and external poverty conditions within individuals explains the emergence and continued existence of Boko Haram in Nigeria. In addition, as various poverty elimination policies have been developed and used without success, the article hypotheses that effective poverty elimination policies laid down in the Quran and Sunnah, here termed Poverty-Haram policies, are needed to eliminate poverty and prevent emergence of groups, like Boko Haram. To develop these policies, technical and empirical understanding of contextual poverty is essential. Therefore, using a well-developed and tested questionnaire, data on individual experiences were obtained from 500 respondents who are adjudged poor (living under US$1.5/day and with a family of at least 3) in 3 cities. This data was operationalised and analysed. The result of the SPSS analysis indicates that internal poverty conditions may lead to cognitive poverty whereas external conditions may lead to material poverty. Using these results, the article explains use poverty-haram policies in eliminating both cognitive and material poverty is proposed.
MISE-OPTIMAL INTERVALS FOR MNO–PQRS ESTIMATORS OF POISSON RATE FUNCTIONS

A Poisson point process is characterized by its rate function. One family of rate-function approximations is the authors’ MNO–PQRS, which is based on a piecewise-quadratic function for each equal-width time interval. Fitting MNO–PQRS is based on the number of observed arrivals in each such interval. Therefore, the first step in fitting is to choose the number of intervals. Previously the authors discussed choosing the number of intervals for piecewise-constant rate functions. Here we extend those ideas to choosing the number of intervals for MNO–PQRS. Typically, the number of MNO–PQRS intervals is smaller than the piecewise-constant number. The results can be applied to non-Poisson arrival times; we do not investigate sensitivity to the Poisson assumptions.
Ethna: Channel Network with Dynamic Internal Payment Splitting

Oﬀ-chain channel networks are one of the most promising technologies for dealing with blockchain scalability and delayed ﬁnality issues. Parties that are connected within such networks can send coins to each other without interacting with the blockchain. Moreover, these payments can be “routed” over the network. Thanks to this, even the parties that do not have a channel in common can perform payments between each other with a help of intermediaries. In this paper, we present a new technique (that we call Dynamic Internal Payment Splitting (DIPS) ) that allows the intermediaries in the network to split the payments into several sub-payments. This can be done recursively multiple times by subsequent intermediaries. Moreover, the resulting “payment receipts” can be aggregated by each intermediary into one short receipt that can be propagated back in the network. We present a protocol (that we call “ Ethna ”) that uses this technique. We provide a formal security deﬁnition of our protocol and we prove that Ethna satisﬁes it. We also implement a simple variant of Ethna in Solidity and provide some benchmarks.
Temporal evolution, directionality of time and irreversibility

— The aim of the present interdisciplinary review is to carry out a comparative analysis of the notions of thermodynamic entropy, information entropy and entropy of non-equilibrium states and flow of entropy from a critical perspective. The problems of temporal evolution and time directionality are discussed in this context as well. The interrelation of these notions is studied with focusing on the non-equilibrium entropy. The paper is aimed to clarify the notion of entropy, entropy production and its generalizations. The Boltzmann, Gibbs, von Neumann, Shannon, Renyi, Tsallis and others types of entropy are considered concisely. The notions of the steady state, local state and local equilibrium are analyzed thoroughly to expose similarities and dissimilarities of various approaches to the definition of the entropy of nonequilibrium states. The extremal principles for entropy and entropy production are analyzed and discussed in this connection. The purpose of the present study is to elucidate certain aspects of the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, namely the principal role of the correct description of the temporal evolution of a system and the corresponding procedure of averaging. We also touch tersely the intriguing problems of directionality of time and causality as well as relevance of constructal law that accounts for the phenomenon of evolution.
Bootstrapping in FHEW-like Cryptosystems

FHEW and TFHE are fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) cryptosystems that can evaluate arbitrary Boolean circuits on encrypted data by bootstrapping after each gate evaluation. The FHEW cryptosystem was originally designed based on standard (Ring, circular secure) LWE assumptions, and its initial implementation was able to run bootstrapping in less than 1 second. The TFHE cryptosystem used somewhat stronger assumptions, such as (Ring, circular secure) LWE over the torus with binary secret distribution, and applied several other optimizations to reduce the bootstrapping runtime to less than 0.1 second. Up to now, the gap between the underlying security assumptions prevented a fair comparison of the cryptosystems for the same security settings. We present a unified framework that includes the original and extended variants of both FHEW and TFHE cryptosystems, and implement it in the open-source PALISADE lattice cryptography library using modular arithmetic. Our analysis shows that the main distinction between the cryptosystems is the bootstrapping procedure used: Alperin-Sherif--Peikert (AP) for FHEW vs. Gama--Izabachene--Nguyen--Xie (GINX) for TFHE. All other algorithmic optimizations in TFHE equally apply to both cryptosystems. The GINX bootstrapping method makes essential the use of binary secrets, and cannot be directly applied to other secret distributions. In the process of comparing the two schemes, we present a simple, lightweight method to extend GINX bootstrapping (e.g., as employed by TFHE) to ternary uniform and Gaussian secret distributions, which are included in the HE community security standard. Our comparison of the AP and GINX bootstrapping methods for different secret distributions suggests that the TFHE/GINX cryptosystem provides better performance for binary and ternary secrets while FHEW/AP is faster for Gaussian secrets. We make a recommendation to consider the variants of FHEW and TFHE cryptosystems based on ternary and Gaussian secrets for standardization by the HE community.
Metal: A Metadata-Hiding File-Sharing System

—File-sharing systems like Dropbox offer insufﬁcient privacy because a compromised server can see the ﬁle contents in the clear. Although encryption can hide such contents from the servers, metadata leakage remains signiﬁcant. The goal of our work is to develop a ﬁle-sharing system that hides metadata— including user identities and ﬁle access patterns. Metal is the ﬁrst ﬁle-sharing system that hides such metadata from malicious users and that has a latency of only a few seconds. The core of Metal consists of a new two-server multi-user oblivious RAM (ORAM) scheme, which is secure against malicious users, a metadata-hiding access control protocol, and a capability sharing protocol. Compared with the state-of-the-art malicious-user ﬁle-sharing scheme PIR-MCORAM (Maffei et al.’17), which does not hide user identities, Metal hides the user identities and is 500 × faster (in terms of amortized latency) or 10 5 × faster (in terms of worst-case latency).
A Model of Multi-Pass Search: Price Search Across Stores and Time

In retail settings with price promotions, consumers often search across stores and time. However the search literature typically only models one pass search across stores, ignoring revisits to stores; the choice literature using scanner data has modeled search across time, but not search across stores in the same model. We develop a multi-pass search model that jointly endogenizes search in both dimensions; our model nests a finite horizon model of search across stores within an infinite horizon model of inter-temporal search. We apply our model to milk purchases at grocery stores; hence the model also accounts for repeat purchases across time, inventory holding by households and grocery basket eﬀects. We note that the special case without these additional features can be used to study one time purchases with repeat store visits as in the case of durable goods and online shopping. We formulate the empirical model as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) and estimate it allowing for latent class heterogeneity using an iterative E-M algorithm. In contrast to extant research, we find that omitting the temporal dimension underestimates price elasticity. We attribute this difference to the relative frequency of household stockouts and purchase frequency in the milk category. Interestingly, increasing the promotional frequency (while reducing its depth to maintain the mean and variance of prices across all stores) can increase loyalty to the household’s preferred store.
Epidemiology of necrotising enterocolitis in Malaysian neonates.

: Over a 21-month period, 108 of 45,770 neonates born in the Maternity Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, developed necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). The incidence of NEC was 2.4 per 1000 livebirths or 2.7 per 100 special care nursery (SCN) admissions in this Hospital. There was no significant difference in the incidence between the sexes or among the different races. NEC was most common (9.4%) in the very low birthweight (VLBW: neonates weighing less than 1500 grams) and the preterms of less than 34 week gestation (8.4%). 54.6% of the patients developed the condition during the first week of life. NEC occurred throughout the year in our nursery with clustering of cases intermittently. The case fatality ratio of the condition was 28.7%. NEC accounted for 5.7% of our Hospital's neonatal (less than 28 days of life) and postneonatal (greater than or equal to 28 days of life) deaths. There was no significant difference in the rates of occurrence of placental praevia, prolonged rupture of amniotic membranes, maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension, birth asphyxia, apnoea, respiratory distress, patent ductus arteriosus and exchange blood transfusion in neonates with NEC and those in the control group. Our findings on Malaysian neonates were comparable with those reported in the literature on neonates in developed countries.
A Phase-Based Analysis of Reflexive Binding in Japanese-English Interlanguage

This paper aims to explore a long-standing issue on the domain of reflexive binding in Japanese-English interlanguage. The issue has been discussed in terms of a parameter, which defines the binding domain on the basis of the presence/absence of tense (Governing Category Principle, Wexler & Manzini (1987)). In contrast, I argue that the parameter and/or tense is irrelevant to the formation of the binding domain and that a phase-based analysis provides a better explanation for the phenomenon.
The Effects of Self-Construal on Brand-Page Connection: A Study of Young American and Chinese Fans

This study examines what factors motivate consumers to become brand-page fans and how differences in self-construal patterns influence brand-connection factors. Based on the self-concept theory, two levels of functional brand-connection factors are identified: individual-level connection (individual-identity) and group-level connection (social identity). Brand relationship drivers are used as an emotional connection construct. An online survey is conducted to understand the motivations and antecedents of consumers’ intentions to join brand pages and the cultural differences in brand consumption behaviors between young American and Chinese consumers. The results show that Americans’ brand-page connections are predominantly influenced by independent self-construal whereas interdependent self-construal has a stronger effect on Chinese’s brand-page connections. These results provide key implications for international marketers using social networking sites as marketing tools.
Pro-Social Behaviour and Gender as Predictors of Coping with Sports Stress among Adolescents

This study examined pro-social behaviour and gender as predictors of coping with sports stress among adolescents. Participants were six hundred and forty (640) adolescent athletes in Ebonyi State, Nigerian comprising two hundred and forty (240) males and two hundred (200) females. Their ages ranged between 12 to 17 years with a mean age of 14.06 years (SD = 4.79). Cross sectional design was adopted. Two instruments were used for data collection. Result of a Hierarchical Multiple Regression analysis showed that pro-social was a significant predictor of adaptive coping strategy with adolescents’ sports stress(β = 2.02, t = 1.12, p< 05); but it did not predict maladaptive coping. Pro-social behaviour team (β = 1.43, t = 1.15, p< 05) was a significant predictor of adaptive coping strategy with adolescent’s sports stress. Both Prosocial behaviour team and pro-social behaviour opponent were not predictors of maladaptive coping. Gender did not significantly predict adaptive coping strategy with adolescent’s sports stress; but it significantly predicted maladaptive coping strategy with adolescent’s sports stress (β= -.09, t= -2.22, p<.05). Implications for the study were stated and suggestions made for further studies.
On groups with S Bowditch boundary

We prove that a relatively hyperbolic pair (G,P) has Bowditch boundary a 2-sphere if and only if it is a 3-dimensional Poincaré duality pair. We prove this by studying the relationship between the Bowditch and Dahmani boundaries of relatively hyperbolic groups. 1 Duality for groups with Bowditch boundary S The goal of this paper is to study the duality properties of relatively hyperbolic pairs (G,P). This builds on work of Bestvina–Mess [BM91], who show that the duality properties of a hyperbolic group G are encoded in its Gromov boundary ∂ G; for example, a hyperbolic group G with Gromov boundary ∂ G ' Sn−1 is a PD(n) group. By analogy, one might hope for a similar result for relatively hyperbolic pairs (G,P) with the Gromov boundary replaced by the Bowditch boundary ∂B(G,P). This would follow immediately from [BM91] if the Bowditch boundary gave a Z-set compactification of G, but unfortunately this is not the case, and [BM91] does not imply that (G,P) is a duality pair whenever ∂B(G,P) ' Sn−1. Instead we work with the Dahmani boundary ∂D(G,P) (see §2), which does give a Z-set compactification. Our main theorem determines the Dahmani boundary when ∂B(G,P) ' S2. Theorem 1. A relatively hyperbolic group (G,P) with Bowditch boundary ∂B(G,P) ' S2 has Dahmani boundary ∂D(G,P) ' S a Sierpinski carpet. As a corollary, we find that if ∂B(G,P) is a 2-sphere then the same is true for the Dahmani boundary of the double of G along P (see §4.1 for the definition). Corollary 2. Let (G,P) be a relatively hyperbolic pair, and let Gδ denote the double of G along P. If ∂B(G,P) ' S2, then ∂D(Gδ,P) ' S2. From Corollary 2 we obtain the following corollary, which is our main application. A finitely presented group G is an oriented Poincaré duality group of dimension n (a PD(n) group) if for each G-module A there are isomorphisms H i(G;A)→ Hn−i(G;A) for each i,
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR INTERCEPTION STUDIES

Rain intercepted by forest vegetation is an important loss of water. Although interception has been widely studied, variation in sampling intensity, sampling methods, and data analysis often prevents cross comparison of study results. This report, gleaned from over fifty studies, defines variability of interception parameters and provides sampling designs for obtaining estimates to selected levels of probability for each parameter mean. A new method for estimating stemflow greatly reduces variability inherent in the traditional single-tree method, coefficients of variation averaging only 20 per cent when measured on randomly selected plots. Regression analysis clearly defines the relation of gross rainfall to interception loss, which, within regions of like vegetation, probably varies within narrow limits. These sampling and analytical methods will insure that results of different studies are comparable.
Increased mobility of individual G-protein coupled receptors in Dictyostelium: new mechanism involved in cell polarity during chemotaxis

Cell polarity allows Dictyostelium discoideum cells to chemotax in very shallow cAMP gradients that differ by only 2% across their cellular body. Until now, the dynamics of the cAMP receptor, cAR1, is excluded from the current models describing the mechanism of cell polarity. In this study the mobility of individual cAR1-eYFP was investigated with single-molecule microscopy in live cells under different physiological conditions. Independent of cAMP, an immobile and mobile fraction was found with the latter showing a diffusion constant of D = 0.19 μm/s. The mobile fraction of receptors increased in from 38% to 54% at the anterior of cells responding to an external cAMP source. This mobility shift was not caused by a difference in membrane viscosity or by a conformational change of the receptor due to phosphorylation. Instead, studies on Gα2protein deficient cell lines lead to the conclusion that the mobility shift of the receptors at the leading edge is linked to the uncoupling/activation of the Gα2-protein. Our data further suggest that the mobility shift is directly involved in gradient sensing and provides a molecular explanation of the primary amplification steps proposed in the theoretical models describing polarity in chemotactic cells.
Eﬃcient Data Propagation Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks are comprised of a vast number of ultra-small fully autonomous computing and communication devices, with very restricted energy and computing capabilities, that co-operate to accomplish a large sensing task. In this work: a) We propose extended versions of two data propagation protocols: the Sleep-Awake Probabilistic Forwarding Protocol ( SW-PFR ) and the Hierarchical Threshold sensitive Energy Efﬁcient Network protocol ( H-TEEN ). These non-trivial extensions aim at improving the performance of the original protocols, by introducing sleep-awake periods in the PFR case to save energy, and introducing a hierarchy of clustering in the TEEN case to better cope with large networks areas, b) We implemented the two protocols and performed an extensive experimental comparison of various important measures of their performance with a focus on energy consumption, c) We investigate in detail the relative advantages and disadvantages of each protocol and discuss and explain their behavior, d) We discuss a possible hybrid combination of the two protocols towards optimizing certain goals, e) We propose a protocol that may vary the transmission range, towards achieving obstacle avoidance and energy balance.
MECHANISM OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF CRYSTALS UNDER MICROINDENTATION

This article is held in memory of Prof. Boyarskaya Yulia Stanislavovna the outstanding scientist in the field of the strength and plasticity physics. The main part of this scientific review was wrote by Yu.S. Boyarskaya. The colleagues of Laboratory of mechanical properties of crystals, founded by Boyarskaya, had expanded and prepared the final paper variant. Thus this article reflects in brief the most important results in the phenomena under microindentation published by Yu.S. Boyarskaya with co-works. Abstract