Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compatibility of the ammonium lactate (AL) and sodium bicarbonate (Olsen) methods for determining available phosphorus in Swedish soils

Abstract Plant-available P was first extracted in soils 114 years ago and a number of different analytical methods have since been developed, but for good reasons none of these methods has been adopted as a standard for all soils. With increasing cooperation within research, there is a need to harmonise the interpretation of analytical data for fertiliser recommendations, research, and environmental control. This paper evaluates the compatibility of the Swedish standard ammonium lactate (PAL) method and the widely used Olson's sodium bicarbonate (POls) method in 82 topsoil samples taken from Swedish long-term soil fertility field trials. The PAL-values were usually larger than POls, with a mean PAL/POls quotient of 2.30±1.04 (0.67–6.58). The PAL and POls means and ranges were 126±89 (5–360) and 55.1±33 (3.1–122.8) mg P kg−1 dry soil, respectively. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between PAL and POls and how this relationship was affected by clay content, pH, and soil organic carbon content (SOC). After statistical transformation, it emerged that the square root of clay content (17.4%±13.82, range 1–54.4) and pH (6.45±0.54, range 5.5–7.7) significantly affected the relationship at partial R 2-values of 2 and 12%, respectively, while ln(SOC) (2.54%±1.21, range 1–6.03) did not, apparently due the narrow range. The regressions of predicted vs. measured values explained 95 and 94% of the variation in PAL and POls, respectively. The mean deviation of predicted compared with measured values was 21.3 and 8.3 mg P kg−1 dry soil for PAL and POls, respectively, corresponding to 20 or 19% of the measured values. We conclude that a data set consisting of PAL-values can be converted into POls-values and vice versa with reasonably high accuracy when accounting for clay content and pH.
Theoretical calculation of the standard deviation in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

The theoretical calculation of the standard deviation in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was investigated. The theoretical dependence of the standard deviation on instrument parameters and element concentration was examined. The connection between the standard deviation and the detection limit was demonstrated. The theoretical results were compared with experimental data and showed good agreement. The theory proposed may be used for the improvement of the detection limit in ICP-MS.
A SURVEY ON DETERMINATION OF HACCP KNOWLEDGE OF FOOD HANDLERS IN ISTANBUL FOOD BUSINESSES

The HACCP system is a food safety approach, which prevents hazards before they happen. With this survey we aimed to determine the HACCP knowledge of staff working in kitchens of food businesses in Istanbul and correlate the results with some demographic characteristics in order to evaluate HACCP awareness in the foodservice sector in Istanbul. A self-administrable questionnaire was developed in order to evaluate the knowledge of food handlers in all stages of kitchen work. The questionnaire consisted of a first set of 9 demographic questions followed by 12 items related to HACCP system application. According to data obtained from this study, food handlers’ HACCP knowledge increases parallel with age, education level, and time spent in the sector and seniority. In addition, in order to increase the knowledge and awareness of HACCP, training has been found to be important.
Isolation of Clove Bud and Star Anise Essential Oil by Supercritical CO2Extraction

Abstract Clove bud and star anise volatile oils were isolated by supercritical CO 2 extraction coupled to a fractional separation technique. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the various fractions obtained in different extraction and fractionation conditions allowed the identification of the best operating conditions for the isolation of essential oil. A good extraction performance was obtained operating at 90 bar and 50 °C (for 630 min) for both the treated materials. The optimum fractionation was achieved in both cases by operating at 90 bar and −10 °C in the first separator and at 15 bar and 10 °C in the second. The influence of the extraction pressure and of the extraction time on the essential oil composition was also evaluated. A considerable difference in volatile oil composition was observed at increasing extraction times.
Maximizing the emissive properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite nanoparticles

Highly luminescent and photostable CH3NH3PbBr3 nanoparticles have been prepared by fine-tuning the molar ratio between CH3NH3Br, PbBr2, a medium-size alkyl-chain ammonium salt, and 1-octadecene. The nanoparticles exhibit an excellent photoluminescence quantum yield (ca. 83%) and average recombination lifetime (ca. 600 ns) in toluene dispersion.
Evaluation of sensory quality attributes and extent of vitamin C degradation in dried pineapple, mango and banana fruit pieces pre -treated with sodium metabisulphite and lemon juice

Fruits are good source of essential nutrients which is important for human nutrition. However, in view of their perishability and seasonality, fruits need to be processed in more shelf stable products to ensure their availability throughout the year. The current study was carried out to determine the effect of using sodium metabisulphite and lemon juice as pre-treatments on sensory quality attributes and extent of vitamin C degradation in dried pineapple, mango and banana fruit pieces. The sliced fruit pieces 5-8mm thick were dipped in 1% sodium metabisulphite and lemon juice solutions before being dried in a developed food drier with temperatures ranging from 40-45 o C for 10-16 hours. Vitamin C was determined before and after drying and subsequently evaluation of sensory quality attributes in terms of flavour, colour, texture and taste was performed using 10 trained panelists. Results showed that the use of pre-treatments reduced the vitamin C degradation with sodium metabisulphite registering the highest reduction and the control samples the lowest reduction. Furthermore, pre-treatments significantly affected (p<0.05) affected sensory quality attributes in different ways. However, texture was not affected by the use of pre-treatments. Pre-treated fruit samples had better colour than the control samples. It was further found out that control samples had higher scores in taste and flavour with the exception of pineapples, where the pre-treated samples had a higher score than the control samples.
Application of the Public Space Model as a Medium of Conflict Reconciliation

Previous research has carried out to examine the use of public space as a medium of conflict reconciliation, on conflict cases in Ambon and Poso. Both places utilize existing public space to become a medium of reconciliation and a trigger for peace. Public spaces used include schools, markets, and coffee shops. The difference between the two models lies only in the public space used, wherein Ambon's model used the coffee shop while in Poso it is not. This is because there are cultural differences between Ambon and Poso, where Ambon has a culture to gather together in a coffee shop. This research itself is a development or continuation of the initial research, researchers conducted a trial implementation of public space model as a medium of reconciliation in other location. The purpose of this research is to obtain data validation on the model of applying public space as a medium of conflict reconciliation, so that the models can be used as a basis for drafting policies related to conflict resolution in Indonesia. The research was conducted using qualitative approaches and phenomenological methods, and data were obtained through focus group discussions with informants who were community leaders from the government, religious leaders, and academics. The results showed the use of public space precisely as a medium of reconciliation, but it must be supported by the role of government and community leaders. Another finding, a public space that can be used not only that is real or physical but also a virtual public space.
Effect of cooking conditions on physico-chemical and textural properties of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) meat.

The Emu meat (Dromaius novaehollandiae) was cooked at various cooking temperatures; 40, 50 and 60oC, for various cooking time; 5, 10 and 15 min. The effect of cooking temperature and time on quality of Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) meat such as cooking loss, cooking yield, protein content, moisture content, colour and textural properties (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, resilience) of raw and cooked meats were investigated. Cooking loss, change in thickness, L*, b* value, chroma (C*), and hue angle (h) were increased with increasing cooking temperature and time. Cooking yield, changes in length, breadth, volume, mass, density, moisture content, a* value, pH and protein content were decreased with increasing cooking temperature and time. Changes in textural properties also observed. Statistical analysis shows the cooking time and temperature had higher significant effect (P<0.01) on all the parameters studied. The interaction effect of cooking temperature and time was non significant for textural and colour properties. The combined effect of cooking temperature and time was significant for moisture content, protein content, and changes in length, thickness, cook loss and cooking yield.
Interfacial Tension of Aqueous Three‐Phase Systems Formed by Triton X‐100/PEG/Dextran

A novel aqueous three‐phase system was formed spontaneously when a nonionic surfactant (Triton X‐100) and two polymers (PEG and dextran) were mixed. The interfacial tension between the phases was measured by the spinning drop method. It was shown that the values of interfacial tension were extremely small. The interfacial tensions of the top/middle phases were much lower than those of the middle/bottom phases. The interfacial tension was affected by component concentrations, temperature, added salts, and the density difference between two phases. Temperature exhibited a special effect on interfacial tension: with the increase of temperature, interfacial tension increases significantly.
Composition of Flavonoids and Antioxidative Activity from Juice of Jeju Native Citrus Fruits during Maturation

This study aims to evaluate the changes of flavonoid contents and antioxidants activity of Jeju native citrus fruits juice according to the harvest date. Flavonoids such as quercatagetin, narirutin, hesperidin and neohesperidin were contained most plentifully in the juice of Jigak (Citrus aur- antium) by 573.73 ㎎/100 ㎖, Sadoogam (C. pseudogulgul) by 393.99 ㎎/100 ㎖, Soyooja by 29.63 ㎎/100 ㎖ and Jigak (C. aurantium) by 201.23 ㎎/100 ㎖ in the late August, respectively. The highest contents of nob-iletin, sinensetin and tangeretin among polymethoxyflavones were found in the juice of Hongkyool (C. tachibana) by 7.39 ㎎/100 ㎖, 2.24 ㎎/100 ㎖, 0.63 ㎎/100 ㎖ in the late August, respectively. 3,5,6,7,8,3’,4’- Heptamet- hoxyflavone recorded the highest amount in Punkyool (C. tangerina) by 0.27 ㎎/100 ㎖ in the late August, but the other polymethoxyflavones including 3’,4’,7,8-tetramethoxyflavone, 3’,4’-dimethoxyflavone, 4’-methoxyflavone, 5,6,7,3’,4’,5’-hexamethoxyflavone, scutellarein tetramethylether were observed only trace amount in all the citrus fruits. Flavonoid contents in the citrus fruit juices were the highest during early maturation and decreased rapidly while ripening. Total polyphenol contents were the highest in the late August and decreased with ripening. However from the late December, the contents were increased again. Antioxidant activities of the fruits were evaluated as electron donating ability and were the lowest in the late September and increased with the fruit ripening. These results suggest that quercetagetin among all the flavonoids was most plentiful in Jigak and Dangyooja (C. grandis), so that the fruits could be used for industrial material of flavonoids and antioxidant agents.
APPLICATION OF DRIFT-FLUX MODEL IN LIQUID-SOLID CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED

Solids circulation rate and solids holdup are experimentally investigated in a liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed that covers a wide range in solid and liquid flow rates, particle size, and density. The drift-flux model, which is extensively used to describe the flow behavior of gas-liquid systems, is modified in the present work and for the first time applied to the experimental data of a liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed. The distribution parameter Co is evaluated using the drift-flux model from the present experimental data and also from the data available in the literature. It is found from the analysis that the value of the distribution parameter lies in the range of 0.78 to 0.99, which is a reverse trend to the liquid-gas system. The weighted average drift velocity (usj) is well correlated to the terminal velocity of the particle. The solid holdup predicted using this model agrees with the experimental results.
Nanoparticle Crystal Nucleation: Influence of Solution Conditions

Nucleation and growth of nanoparticle crystals is often difficult. Recent progress has been made by linking dilute solution properties, such as the osmotic second virial coefficient, B2, to equilibrium phase behavior of nanoparticle suspensions. These studies show that, at the same values of B2, broad classes of nanoparticles have similar phase behavior. However, crystals nucleate from supersaturated solutions at greatly different rates. Links between strength of attraction and rates of nucleation have not been established. Here, we investigate the role of solution variables on the kinetics of nanoparticle crystal nucleation through measurement of the induction times for crystal formation. With silicotungstic acid and lysozyme, the effects of temperature, ionic strength, and additives such as poly(ethylene glycol), glycerol, and diols on crystal nucleation times are studied. The effects of the additives on the strength of attraction are characterized through measurements of B2 and solubility. Induction ti.
Coalescing filtration of oily wastewaters: characterization and application of thermal treated, electrospun polystyrene filters.

ABSTRACT In this study, a number of electrospun nanofibrous polystyrene (PS) filters were developed and applied for coalescing filtration of an oily wastewater stream at pilot scale. The effect of thermal treating on the morphology and performance of electrospun nanofibrous filters was studied. The initial effect of thermal treating started after 130°C and the maximum allowable thermal treating temperature observed was 150°C. The results obtained indicated that thermal treating led to the formation of uniform pore structure and pore size distribution, lower pore size, lower pore tortuosity, as well as higher coalescing filtration efficiency. Moreover, the surface roughness and surface energy decreased after thermal treating. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first attempt to use thermal treated electrospun nanofibrous PS filters at pilot-scale liquid–liquid coalescing filtration of oily wastewaters.
Detailed Impurity Phase Investigation by X-ray Absorption Fine Structure and Electron Spin Resonance Analyses in Synthesis of CaMgSi2O6:Eu Phosphor

Impurity phases of CaMgSi2O6:Eu (CMS) phosphor have been investigated in detail by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), ESR, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) analyses. XRD studies of CMS phosphor powders clarify the volume fraction of CMS, Ca2MgSi2O7, (Ca,Eu)10(SiO4)6O2, and crystalline SiO2. XAFS and ESR studies clarify that the soluble limit of Eu ions in CMS crystals is observed at about 0.01 mol. Excess Eu ions yield an impurity (Ca,Eu)10(SiO4)6O2 and some of them are captured by another impurity Ca2MgSi2O7. From the results of XAFS, ESR, XRD, and PL measurements, it was revealed that the PL peak intensities under 147 and 360 nm excitation correlate closely with the amount of these impurity phases containing divalent and trivalent Eu ions. Variation of X-ray absorption near edge structure and ESR spectra indicate that the optimum Eu concentration of the CMS phosphor is at approximately 0.01 molar versus Ca.
Destabilization of montmorillonite suspensions by Ca2+ and succinoglycan

Abstract Aggregation of colloidal clay particles (Na-montmorillonite) by CaCl2 and anionic polysaccharide (succinoglycan) in turbulent conditions was investigated using time-resolved size measurements by laser diffraction on diluted (50 mg l-1) and stirred suspensions. Excess of Ca2+ ions promotes coagulation of the clay, reducing interparticle repulsions, and allows adsorption of succinoglycan, inducing bridging flocculation. Growth/breakage cycles, characteristic of the turbulent conditions, cause the macromolecules to be incorporated in the innermost of the flocs, where the morphological units are shown by confocal microscopy to be the micrometric Ca-clay particles. Such incorporation results in an increased floc tensile strength, depending on the amount of macromolecules adsorbed, with a maximum at polysaccharide concentrations of 2 wt. % with respect to clay mass.
Effect of Spray-Dryer Operating Variables on the Whole Milk Powder Quality

Abstract This work aims at identifying the effects of the main operational spray-dryer variables on the milk powder quality. Experiments have been performed in a pilot spray-dryer following the full-factorial design technique to provide data and correlations that predict the whole powder properties as function of the main operational variables of the spray-dryer. The emulsion feed flow rate, the atomization rotation and the inlet air temperature have been chosen as the independent variables while the residual moisture content, the tapped bulk density, the cohesion force enhancement between particles as well as size distribution of agglomerate and its morphology are the response variables that quantify the powder quality. Correlations obtained are analyzed and incorporated into a mathematical model previously developed for simulating the spray-drying of whole milk emulsion.
The roughening transition of crystal surfaces. II. experiments on static and dynamic properties near the first roughening transition of hcp 4He

We summarize in this paper our present experimental knowledge about the roughening transition of (0001) interfaces of hcp 4 He crystals, at T R =1.28 K. We describe in detail new and precise measurements of their growth rate, obtained by an interferometric method. They show a broadening of the transition due to non-equilibrium conditions. These new results, together with step energy and surface stiffness measurements, are analysed in the light of the recent developments of the theory of roughening, exposed in the preceeding paper. The agreement is quantitative, and proves that it is a smooth, infinite order transition, of the Kosterlitz-Thouless type Reprise du traitement de la transition rugueuse par une methode de renormalisation dans les cas statique et dynamique et correction de resultats anterieurs fondes sur une approximation asymptotique, en particulier pour la mobilite. Apparition d'une nouvelle echelle de longueur a comparer a la longueur de correlation ζ, pour un interface incline ou en presence d'une force appliquee, conduisant a une transition rugueuse «etalee», la transition progressive se situant au-dessous de T R et pouvant etre approchee des deux cotes (technique de «renormalisation bloquee» en cote rugueux, schema de «marches discretes» du cote facette)
Dicyanovinyl–Substituted Oligothiophenes: Structure‐Property Relationships and Application in Vacuum‐Processed Small Molecule Organic Solar Cells

Efficient synthesis of a series of terminally dicyanovinyl (DCV)‐substituted oligothiophenes, DCVnT 1–6, without solubilizing side chains synthesized via a novel convergent approach and their application as electron donors in vacuum‐processed m‐i‐p‐type planar and p‐i‐n‐type bulk heterojunction organic solar cells is described. Purification of the products via gradient sublimation yields thermally highly stable organic semiconducting materials in single crystalline quality which allows for X‐ray structure analysis. Important insights into the packing features and intermolecular interactions of these promising solar cell materials are provided. Optical absorption spectra and electrochemical properties of the oligomers are investigated and valuable structure–property relationships deduced. Photovoltaic devices incorporating DCVnTs 4–6 showed power conversion efficiencies up to 2.8% for planar and 5.2% for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells under full sun illumination (mismatch corrected simulated AM 1.5G sunlight). The 5.2% efficiency shown here represents one of the highest values ever reported for organic vacuum‐deposited single heterojunction solar cells.
Total assignments of 1H and 13C NMR spectra of biflorin and bis‐biflorin from Capraria biflora

Bis‐biflorin, a new o‐naphthoquinone dimer, and biflorin, 6,9‐dimethyl‐3‐(4‐methyl‐3‐pentenyl)naphtho[1,8‐bc]‐pyran‐7,8‐dione, were isolated from roots of Capraria biflora, a medicinal plant from northeast Brazil. Structural elucidation was made on the basis of spectral data, mainly by high‐field NMR and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the in vitro bioaccessibility of polyphenols in fresh and sun-dried figs (Ficus carica L.)

Summary In this study, in order to evaluate the in vitro bioaccessibility of fresh and sun-dried figs, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total proanthocyanidin content (TPA) and the major phenolic compounds were determined at different phases of simulated gastrointestinal (GI) tract digestion for Sarilop and Bursa siyahi fig varieties. Four major phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, rutin, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R)) were investigated for GI tract digestion. The results of in vitro GI tract digestion revealed that the dialysed fraction (IN) represented 9–26% and 1–22% of the initial TAC of the whole-fresh yellow and purple figs, respectively. Moreover, in case of 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), TPA and chlorogenic acid contents, drying caused an increase in the IN fraction of yellow figs (38, 140, 50%, respectively). The bioaccessibility of C3G and C3R were quite low for fresh figs (0–5% of the initial values), whereas for dried figs, anthocyanins were not detected at all in the IN fraction.
Analysis of the Rapid Carbothermal Reduction Synthesis of Ultra-Fine Silicon Carbide Powders

A nondimensionalized and scaled nonisothermal model is developed for the "rapid carbothermal reduction" synthesis of sub-micron silicon carbide particles in an aerosol flow reactor to determine the minimum parametric representation of the system. Seven dimensionless groups are needed to completely describe the system, and these dimensionless groups are varied to determine the effects of the furnace wall temperature, inlet carbon particle size, carrier gas flow rate, and solids feed rate on final product quality. Analysis shows that radiation dominates the heating process, sintering dominates the primary particle growth, and conversion is controlled with precursor carbon particle size, wall temperature, and carrier gas flow rate.
Comparative Hartree-Fock and density-functional theory study of cubic and hexagonal diamond

Abstract An analysis of the electronic properties of bulk cubic and hexagonal diamond calculated using the ab initio packages CRYSTAL98 and the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package is presented. We apply these ab initio methods to the study of cubic diamond, including the calculation of electronic properties (such as the band structure, electronic density of states, the indirect bandgap E indirect g, the valence band width and the conduction band width) and mechanical properties (such as the equilibrium lattice constant a 0 and the bulk modulus B). The combination of theoretical techniques that yield results that most accurately match experiment for cubic diamond are then used to calculate the electronic properties of the hexagonal diamond polymorph.