Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Effects of Gamification on Developing EFL Learners’ Idiomatic Knowledge: Do Attitudinal Factors Contribute to the Learning of the Idioms with the Game?

Regarding the attractiveness of educational games for EFL learners, the present research intended to investigate the effects of gamification on improving Iranian EFL learners’ idiomatic knowledge. In addition, the current research examined the attitudes of Iranian EFL learners towards using gamification in English learning in the Iranian EFL context. Firstly, to carry out this research, the researchers administered the Oxford Quick Placement Test (OQPT) to 84 Iranian EFL learners and selected 50 upper-intermediate participants. Secondly, they divided the selected participants into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). Thirdly, the researchers gave an idiom pretest to the participants of both groups to assess their idiomatic knowledge before starting the treatment. Fourthly, the EG was taught the new idioms using game-based instruction, while the CG received traditional idiom instruction. Following the instruction of 70 idioms to both groups, the participants received an idiom posttest to determine the influence of the treatment on their idiomatic knowledge. The EG was then provided an attitude questionnaire, and 15 members of the EG were interviewed as a result of the questionnaire. In the idiom posttest, the data were evaluated using paired samples and independent samples t -tests, and the findings revealed that the EG performed significantly better than the CG on the posttest of idioms. In fact, gamification helped EFL learners develop their idiomatic knowledge. The results indicated that Iranian EFL learners presented positive attitudes toward gamification in learning English idioms. In addition, the results revealed that enjoyment, fun, reducing anxiety, involvement, and immediate feedback were the factors that the students mentioned for the instructional games. The implications of this research can encourage English teachers to implement different educational games in their teaching.
Predisposing factors of diabetic foot amputation among the diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Diabetes is one of the major health problems in the world. Along with multiple complications, one of those devastating complications, is diabetic foot and it can even lead to limb amputation. The objective of this study to recognize the risk factors for foot amputation among diabetic patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital of Lahore. 268 diabetic patients were recruited through a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. After taking informed consent from all patients, data was collected via a self-designed proforma. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze data. Chi-square was applied to identify any association.Results: From the total of 268 patients 72 (26.80%) were advised amputation, whereas, 196 (73.20%) patients were managed conservatively. The correlation between diabetic foot amputation and various factors which included gender (p=0.0001), educational status (p=0.0003), socioeconomic status (p=0.004), diet modification (p=0.002), blood sugar monitoring (p=0.001), life style (p=0.0003), therapy type (p=0.04), compliance with treatment (p=0.001), smoking (p=0.02), hypertension (p=0.004), ischemic heart disease (p=0.03), stroke (p=0.01), peripheral neuropathy (p=0.003), and peripheral arterial disease (p=0.001) was statistically significant, while, the correlation was not significant between diabetic foot amputation and duration of diabetes (p=0.07). Conclusions: In summary, the incidence of foot amputation among diabetic patients is quite high. The factors that lead to foot amputation are male gender, lower educational status, lower socioeconomic status, no diet modification, no blood sugar monitoring, sedentary life style, inappropriate therapy, poor compliance, history of smoking, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, peripheral neuropathy, and peripheral arterial disease.
Numerical Investigation of a Model Scramjet Combustor Using DDES

Abstract Non-reactive flows moving through a model scramjet were investigated using a delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES), which is a hybrid scheme combining Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes scheme and a large eddy simulation. The three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations were solved numerically on a structural grid using finite volume methods. An in-house was developed. This code used a monotonic upstream-centered scheme for conservation laws (MUSCL) with an advection upstream splitting method by pressure weight function (AUSMPW+) for space. In addition, a 4th order Runge-Kutta scheme was used with preconditioning for time integration. The geometries and boundary conditions of a scramjet combustor operated by DLR, a German aerospace center, were considered. The profiles of the lower wall pressure and axial velocity obtained from a time-averaged solution were compared with experimental results. Also, the mixing efficiency and total pressure recovery factor were provided in order to inspect the performance of the combustor.
Estimation of median effective effect-site concentration (EC50) during target-controlled infusion of propofol for dilatation and curettage – A prospective observational study

Background and Aims: Propofol is the drug of choice for sedation in daycare procedures due to its pharmacokinetic properties. Propofol delivery using target-controlled infusion (TCI) pump reduces adverse effects like hypotension and apnoea. In this study, we estimated the median effective effect-site concentration of propofol in patients undergoing dilatation and curettage. Methods: Patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I–III, aged 40–70 years, undergoing elective dilatation and curettage were recruited for the study. All patients received 1 μg/kg fentanyl and 20 mg lignocaine. The first patient received an effect-site concentration of propofol at 4 μg/mL with TCI Schneider pharmacokinetic model. Failure was defined as patient movement at any time during the procedure. According to the 'BiasedCoin Design' up-and-down sequential method, the response of the previous patient determined the effect-site concentration of propofol of the next patient. The study was terminated once forty patients completed the procedures successfully. Probit analysis was used to determine EC50. Results: Fifty-three patients were recruited for the study. The various effect-site concentrations of propofol EC50, EC90, and EC95 in providing sedation for dilatation and curettage were 3.38 μg/mL, 4.29 μg/mL, and 4.60 μg/mL, respectively. The incidence of hypotension and apnoea were comparable among the various concentrations of propofol. The mean duration of the propofol infusion was 20 ± 2.86 min. The time to recovery from propofol sedation was 6.97 ± 1.76 min. Conclusion: A median effective effect-site concentration of 3.38 μg/mL of propofol is required to prevent patient movement during uterine dilatation and curettage.
The Influence of Industrial Specialization Auditor on Audit Report Lag

This study aimed at analyzing the impact of Industrial specialization auditor on audit report lag and how the related party transaction affects the relationship between Industrial specialization auditor and audit report lag. This study used 1,897 observations from 353 different firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2017. Industrial specialization auditor was measured using market share based on total assets. This study used an Ordinary Least Square Regression analysis model. This study found that firms audited by the industrial specialization auditors had shorter audit report lag. This study also found that firms with high disclosure of the related party transactions had shorter audit report lag and those audited by the industrial specialization auditors belonging to the related party transactions did not extend (shorten) the audit report lag. These results indicate that firms audited by the industrial specialization auditors influenced the audit report lag; firms with high disclosure of the related party transactions influenced the audit report lag; and firms audited by the industrial specialization auditors belonging to high related party transactions did not influence the audit report lag. The implication of this study can be used by the firm management as a consideration in selecting the auditors.
Mortality due to COVID-19 and Risk Factors at Pachuca´s General Hospital in the State of Hidalgo, Mexico

Aim: To estimate the risk of death secondary to COVID-19 infection and to identify the factors associated with these deaths at the Pachuca General Hospital, Hidalgo, Mexico. Material and methods: The information was obtained from the daily report of patients whose were attended at Hospital Genera de Pachuca for respiratory disease compatible with COVID-19 from March 2020 to March 2021, the information obtained was captured electronically in a database by the epidemiology department of the institution. A cross-sectional design was used. Patients who died secondary to complications of respiratory disease were compared with survivors of the same disease. Pearson's Chi-square was used to estimate the differences between the deceased and the survivors. For the crude risk of dying from COVID-19, the odds ratio was used, and for the adjusted risk, non-conditional logistic regression was used, a trend analysis was performed, with the corresponding trend Chi-square test, all calculations were made with 95% confidence. Results: The information of 4418 people with respiratory disease was analyzed. During the study period, 647 people died of COVID-19, corresponding to 14.64%. Of the population, 50.97% were men, their mortality was 18.92% and that of women was 10.22% (P <0.05). Variables associated with dying from complications from COVID-19 were found to be male (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.71-2.45), being 40 years old or older (OR 9.62, 95% CI 7.30-12.86), having a positive RT-PCR result (OR 3.53 95% CI 2.83-4.43), and being a carrier of a Chronic Degenerative Disease (OR 4.79 95% CI 4.01-5.73). Conclusions: The results indicate that the risk of dying from COVID-19 is related to male patients, at the older age of the patients, having a positive RT-PCR and suffering from at least one chronic degenerative disease.
Isolation and identification of Colletotrichum as fungal pathogen from tea and preliminary fungicide screening

The increasing incidence of anthracnose disease in tea plant caused by Colletotrichum has become an important global concern. It is the cause of withered leaves of the tea plant, leading to a considerable decrease in the economic yield of tea, and thereby threatening the sustainable development of tea industries. In this study, Colletotrichum infected tea leaves were collected from three separate regions: Zhouning, Longyan, and Ningde in Fujian province, China. The pathogen was isolated from the leaves and identified based on morphology following Koch’s postulates and DNA sequencing of the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, beta-tubulin 2 (β-Tub2), the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (LSU), Glutamine synthetase (GS), and an oligonucleotide primer (CgInt). A total of six strains were identified with different cultural, morphological, and molecular characteristics. Furthermore, multi-locus phylogenetic analysis showed the six strains that belong to C.fructicola. Finally, a preliminary screening of nine chemical fungicides to inhibit the strain N by toxicity test identified 40% prochloraz at 0.1 μg mL–1 as the most effective method. The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed a close relationship between the identified strains, and the strains were classified based on cultural, morphological, and molecular characteristics. The findings of this study add to our understanding of C.fructicola, which will aid in the development of preventive measures, the improvement of tea quality, and the assurance of safe production.
Preliminary stages in the validation of a talent identification model in cricket

Talent identification is an integral component of the ever-professionalised sporting landscape. However, to date, there is a dearth of high quality evidence upon which to conduct talent identification practice. This thesis represents the preliminary stages in the validation of a talent identification model for cricket. The thesis contains six chapters (four empirical), which examine varying methodological approaches to talent identification, and present initial evidence (cross sectional and longitudinal) of those attributes that may be related to elite success. Chapter 2 presents two pilot studies examining the reliability and discriminant validity of batting and pace bowling assessments. Varying levels of validity and reliability are found. Some evidence suggests that skill-based differences (between high and low ability groups) become more pronounced after familiarisation / practice. Chapter 3 presents two studies examining the discriminant validity of scouting, and the most appropriate methodologies through which scouting can be conducted. The analysis documents significant discriminant value in scouting data. Skill-based scouting parameters consistently discriminate between low and high ability groups. Psychological scouting variables are the only data that discriminate between high and very high ability groups. Chapter 4 presents a longitudinal analysis of performance statistics. Findings suggest that performance statistics may be a valuable talent identification tool. Performance statistics that represent non-traditional metrics (e.g., ability to adapt on entering a new environment) consistently correlated with subsequent performance and are worthy of further examination. Chapter 5 presents evidence examining relative age effect and maturation across the male and female England Cricket Pathway. The findings suggest that RAEs may be advantageous from a development perspective, with relatively young athletes who remain in the system, becoming overrepresented at later stages.
THE INVOLVEMENT OF ENGLISH TEACHERS ON MINIMUM COMPETENCY ASSESSMENT (AKM)

Minimum Competency Assessment or AKM is one of the instruments used by the Indonesian government to evaluate the education system. Several studies have been done related to AKM. However, there are no studies about English teachers' involvement in AKM. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating English teachers' participation in AKM. It covers; (1) English teachers' perception of AKM and (2) English teachers' action plans to support students facing AKM. This is a survey study with 23 English teachers from secondary and high schools in East Java as participants. Online questionnaires and phone interviews were used as instruments to collect the data. The result shows that most English teachers have a positive perception of AKM. They show their positive emotion, motivation, and belief in AKM. Furthermore, the English teachers have created action plans as a form of their readiness to support students facing AKM. The planning covers teaching material, AKM exercise, teaching media, and teaching methods, and further investigation about those aspects is still needed.
Flows of power: an analytical framework for the study of collaboration

ABSTRACT Why do exercises in collaborative governance often witness more impasse than advantage? This paper suggests putting power at center stage and focusing the analysis on the micro level. It is by looking at the daily ‘minutiae’ of collaboration, and at the dynamics (here called flows of power) that they set off, that we can gain insights into failures of collaborative arrangements. To enable a power-sensitive and process-oriented analysis of collaborative governance, the paper develops an analytical framework for the empirical exploration of collaborative governance at the micro level. The framework examines how design choices at the outset of collaboration are re-interpreted, challenged, and transformed by micro-dynamics taking place over the course of the arrangement. The article argues that a process-oriented investigation of how collaboration evolves and unfolds over time elucidates the subtleties of power, which may be overlooked if we only consider outcomes rather than the processes that engender these outcomes. The work is based on an abductive research approach and illustrates the analytical possibilities of the framework by zooming in on an exemplar of a collaborative arrangement for planning the route of a high-voltage electricity line in Germany.
SALT TOLERANCE AMONG DIFFERENT SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES

An experiment was carried out hydroponically in gre en house and laboratories of Saline Agriculture Res earch Centre, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during 2001-2002 for the identification of salt tolerant genotypes of sunfl ower ( Helianthus annuus L.), as well as their characteristics. Nine genotypes we re grown in aerated Hoagland’s solution. Stepwise s alinity was developed with NaCl to achieve final levels of 75, 150 and 225 mol m -3 salinity where as, control contained only Hoagland ’s solution. After 30 days of final salinity level development, plants we re harvested and data was recorded. Sunflower genot ype SF-187 and SF-177 performed better in both control and saline conditi ons. These genotypes showed better shoot and root g rowth by maintaining least concentration of Na + and higher concentration of K + in leaf sap resulting in better K + : Na + . Genotype CRN- 1435 was most
Comparing Simulated Nitrate‐Nitrogen Concentration In Subsurface Drainage Using Drainmod‐N II and RZWQM2

This study used a 16‐year (1989–2004) field experiment conducted in Iowa to compare the performance of DRAINMOD‐N II and Root Zone Water Quality Model2 (RZWQM2) in predicting nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3‐N) concentration and losses in a subsurface drained field at nine nitrogen application rates (0–252 kg N ha−1). Results showed that the performance of both models can ‘satisfactorily’ predict NO3‐N concentration. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), ratio of the root mean squared error to the standard deviation (RSR), and percent bias (PBIAS) for DRAINMOD‐N II were 0.87, 0.36, and −2%, respectively, in simulating NO3‐N concentration; and 0.84, 0.39, and −9%, respectively, in simulating NO3‐N loss. By contrast, NSE, RSR, and PBIAS for RZWQM2 were 0.76, 0.49, and −3%, respectively, in simulating NO3‐N concentration; and 0.64, 0.6, and −16%, respectively, in simulating NO3‐N loss. This study indicated that both models can be used to simulate NO3‐N loss and concentration in drainage flow at different N application rates. However, DRAINMOD‐N II demonstrated slightly better performance than RZWQM2. In terms of the maximum contaminant level, the threshold N rates predicted by RZWQM2 and DRAINMOD‐N II did not differ significantly from those in observations and can be used for agricultural production. This study highlights the advantages of DRAINMOD‐N II in assessing the effects of nitrogen management practices. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Last chance to travel or safety first? The influence of exposure to natural hazards and coping capacities on tourism consumption

The literature shows that natural disasters adversely affect international (arrivals) tourism. However, there seems to have been a lack of consideration of the dynamics of domestic and outbound (departure) tourism consumption in respect of natural hazards. To address this gap, this study uses a unique dataset of exposure to natural hazards and coping capacities for a global sample of 145 economies from 2011 to 2019 to examine the influence on domestic, outbound and total tourism spending. Exposure appears to have inverted U-shaped relationships with domestic and total tourism spending, and a U-shaped relationship with outbound spending. Coping capacities, in contrast, have U-shaped relationships with domestic and total tourism spending, with an inverted U-shaped relationship with outbound spending. Lastly, the analyses for four income groups and seven regions show some heteroscedasticity. The findings suggest that governments should build coping capacities for the recovery of tourism after disaster events. JEL codes: Z32, Z38, Q01, Q54
The attitudes of Vietnamese social work practitioners toward sexual minorities

Summary Social workers are expected to challenge the exclusion and oppression of marginalised populations which requires the critical interrogation of prejudicial views, discriminatory attitudes, and oppressive practices. In this regard, social work practitioners need to be vigilant of their own attitudes toward the people they serve. This is relevant to social work practice with sexual minorities. This paper presents the results of a mixed-methods study informed by a critical theoretical frame that explored Vietnamese social work practitioners’ attitudes toward sexual minorities. The findings presented in this article were drawn from a survey of 292 social work practitioners based in Hanoi, Vietnam and 12 semi-structured interviews with volunteers recruited from the pool of survey participants. Findings The findings suggest that practitioners who participated in this study held relatively positive attitudes toward people who identify as lesbian or gay. However, those who had what could be considered moderate to positive attitudes were not necessarily free from prejudicial and discriminatory views, particularly when it came to certain matters such as those relating to their own families and work with young children. Applications The discussion of the findings illustrate the relevance of the broader social context to Vietnamese social work practitioners’ attitudes toward sexual minorities. It highlights the potent influence of dominant ideologies in shaping prejudicial views and attitudes and points to the need for practice at a broader level targeting Vietnamese society and culture as a whole.
Frequency of carpal tunnel syndrome and hand dysfunction in prediabetes: A cross-sectional, controlled study

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the frequency of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), to investigate the impairment of hand functions in patients with prediabetes (PD), and to compare laboratory findings of PD patients with and without CTS. Patients and methods Between June 2018 and January 2019, a total of 115 patients (29 males, 86 females; mean age: 51.4±11.8 years; range, 24 to 78 years) who were recently diagnosed with PD and a total of 54 healthy participants (17 males, 37 females; mean age: 48.4±13.2 years; range, 21 to 78 years) as the control group were included. Demographic and clinical data of the patients including oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were recorded, and both groups were examined for the presence of CTS. Clinically suspected CTS was confirmed by electrodiagnostic studies. The hand grip strength (HGS) was measured and hand functions were evaluated using the Duruöz Hand Index (DHI). Results There were no significant differences in the age, sex, occupation, body mass index (BMI), or insulin resistance between the groups. A total of 24 (20.9%) patients with PD and eight (14.8%) healthy controls had CTS (p=0.349). Hand functions were worse in the PD patients than the control group (p=0.044). Age, occupation, BMI, insulin resistance, OGTT at 0 and 2 h, and HbA1c values were similar between the PD patients with or without CTS. Conclusion Our study, for the first time, reveals that CTS is slightly more common and hand functions are impaired in PD compared to the healthy individuals. Based on these findings, we suggest that hand functions should be evaluated in PD patients.