Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precursors of Non-Positive Integer Concepts.

An influential proposal about aquiring mathematical knowledge is that it entails linking instruction-based concepts to intuitions derived from informal activities. In the case of non-positive numbers, informal knowledge is unlikely to emanate from observing physical objects, because non-positive objects or sets of objects do not exist. However, it is hypothesized that such intuitions could derive from experience with actions that undo other actions, such as decrementing a collection or returning to a starting point. Game-like activities involving positive and non-positive actions are used in an exploratory study of 4to 7-year-old children to examine this hypothesis. The results suggest that children do develop action-based intuitions of non-positive quantities prior to formal instruction, although this knowledge must be described as qualitative and precursory. Similar informal activities could be adapted for use in the early grades to promote an intuitive basis for formal concepts that will be presented later. Activities emphasizing ordinal concepts may be especially useful, as these appear less likely than cardinal concepts to be acquired through casual experience. (Author) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Precursors of Non-positive Integer Concepts Philip M. Davidson Catholic University of America Psychology Department Catholic University of America Washington, D.C. 20064 An Pnrlier version was presented at the Biennial Meting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 1987, in Baltimore. I am grateful to Christine Harvey for assistance with data collection, and to the children and staff of the Bingham School, Lansing School District, and of the Michigan State University Laboratory preschool. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERICI This document has Deen reproduced as received from the person or Organize eon Onelnal.ng Mtnor changes have been made lo improve reproduction cleanly Poalts ol 'new of cannons stater:1,n this dace men! do not noCesSanty represent oltrcmal OERIPoSniOnornchcY Running head: "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY NON-POSITIVE CONCEPTS Philip M. Davidson . TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). 2 Non-positive concepts
Assessment of Outcomes After Multisurface Osteochondral Allograft Transplantations in the Knee

Background: Treatment of multisurface articular cartilage lesions of the knee is a challenging problem. Hypothesis: Large multisurface cartilage defects in the knee can be successfully managed with transplantation of high chondrocyte viability osteochondral allografts (OCAs) to result in statistically significant improvements in patient-reported outcome measures of pain and function. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients were prospectively enrolled into a registry to follow outcomes after OCA transplantation. The study included patients who received OCA transplantation for multisurface unipolar defects in 1 knee and had minimum 2-year follow-up data, including patient-reported outcome measures, failures, reoperations, and complications. The OCA transplants had been stored using 2 methods: standard preservation (SP) or Missouri Osteochondral Preservation System (MOPS). Preoperative data were compared with outcomes at 1 year and final follow-up, and risk factors for revision surgery or failure (total knee arthroplasty) were analyzed. Results: The sample included 25 patients with a mean age of 37.2 years (range, 13-51 years), body mass index of 27.7 (range, 18-38), and follow-up of 45.1 months (median, 49 months; range, 24-68 months). OCAs stored using SP were transplanted into 6 patients, and those stored using MOPS were transplanted into 19 patients. The initial success rate was significantly higher for MOPS OCAs (94.7%) than SP OCAs (33.3%). There were statistically significant improvements in all patient-reported outcomes at 1 year and final follow-up in the MOPS cohort (P < .0001 for all). Revision surgery/failure was significantly associated with patients who were nonadherent to the prescribed postoperative restrictions and rehabilitation protocols (P = .038; odds ratio = 13.5) and with OCAs that had a viable chondrocyte density <70% of the established reference range mean at transplantation (P = .0037; odds ratio = 76). Conclusion: OCA transplantation for treatment of large multisurface cartilage defects in the knee resulted in a 94.7% initial success rate when grafts with high viable chondrocyte density (≥70%) were used and when patients strictly adhered to prescribed postoperative rehabilitation protocols. Successful outcomes were associated with statistically significant improvements in patient-reported outcome measures of pain and function.
Active Layer Thickness in the Northern Hemisphere: Changes From 2000 to 2018 and Future Simulations

Active layer dynamics are basic information for understanding permafrost degradation, but there are gaps in our knowledge of the active layer thickness (ALT) variations during the past two decades and their future changes; this is especially true for data with high spatial resolution. Here, based on permafrost monitoring data and ERA5 (the 5th generation reanalysis project from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts)‐Land temperature data, we simulated spatial changes in ALT in the Northern Hemisphere during 2000–2018 at a spatial resolution of 1 km2 using the Stefan model. We also simulated future changes in the active layer based on the CMIP6 temperature data. The results showed that ALTs less than 50 cm were mainly distributed in northeastern Siberia in Russia, Alaska and Greenland. The areas with ALTs greater than 600 cm were mainly in southern Norway, and the Mongolian Plateau. The mean ALT of permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere from 2000 to 2018 increased from 127.19 to 145.37 cm at a linear rate of 0.65 cm year−1 (R2 = 0.37, p < 0.05). During 2000–2018, the ALT increased in 71.17% of the total permafrost area, and only 27.23% of the permafrost area showed a decreasing trend. Under different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5), the ALT will increase considerably by 2,100. There is a greater increase in ALT in low‐ and mid‐latitude permafrost areas such as the Mongolian Plateau and Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, with the ALT increasing from 50 to 500 cm. Our results present an overall picture of contemporary distribution as well as future changes of ALT in the Northern Hemisphere.
Environmental Variables and their Relation with the SARS-COV-2 Transmission: A Data Mining Approach

In the present paper are analyzed the correlations between the meteorological variables such as maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, precipitation with the number of infections by SARS-CoV-2. The data set for the meteorological variables was obtained from web site of the National Service of Meteorology and Hydrology of Peru (SENAMHI), while the number of infections by SARS-CoV-2 was obtained from the denominated data positive by COVID 19 reported in web site by the Ministry of Health from Peru. After the preprocessing and the fusion of the data sets, it was obtained a data subset with 365 registers and 6 columns. To detect the correlations between the meteorological variables and the number of infections by SARS-CoV-2, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was computed. The results show significant correlations between the variables minimum temperature and number of infections by SARS-CoV-2 for a rho=-0.45, pvalor=0.00<0.05;relative humidity and number of infections by SARS-CoV-2 for a rho=-0.24, pvalor=0.00<0.05;precipitation and number of infections by SARS-CoV-2 for a rho=-0.24, p-valor=0.00<0.05. According to the results obtained, we concluded that minimum temperatures facilitate the SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility.
Diagnostic utility of GenoType MTBDRsl assay for the detection of moxifloxacin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis, as compared to phenotypic method and whole-genome sequencing

Background: Recently, moxifloxacin (MFX)-resistant results of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) obtained by GenoType MTBDRsl (second-line line probe assay [SL-LPA]) have been stratified to determine their resistance level; however, its accuracy has not been well studied. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of SL-LPA, with phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for the detection of MFX-resistant Mtb and their resistance level. Methods: A total of 111 sputum samples were subjected to SL-LPA according to the diagnostic algorithm of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program. Results were compared with pDST of MFX (at critical concentration [CC, 0.25 μg/ml] and clinical breakpoint [CB, 1.0 μg/ml] using BACTEC mycobacterial growth indicator tube-960), and WGS. Results: At CC, SL-LPA and pDST yielded concordant results of MFX for 104 of 111 (94%). However, at CB, 23 of 30 (77%) isolates carrying gyrA mutation known to confer low-level resistance to MFX were scored as susceptible by pDST. Among 46 Mtb isolates carrying gyrA mutations known to confer high-level resistance to MFX, 36 (78%) isolates yielded concordant results, while 10 (22%) isolates were scored as susceptible at CB by pDST. WGS identified gyrA mutations in all isolates suggested by SL-LPA. Conclusion: It is concluded that the stratification of MFX-resistant results by SL-LPA/genotypic method is not very well correlated with pDST (at CB), and hence, pDST may not be completely replaced by SL-LPA. gyrA D94G and gyrAA90V are the most prevalent mutations in MFX-resistant Mtb.
Using Administrative Data in Primary Care to Evaluate the Effectiveness of a Continuing Professional Development Program Focused on the Management of Patients Living With Obesity

Abstract Introduction: There are guidelines for referral to medical and/or surgical weight loss interventions (MSWLI) in Ontario; however, only about one-third of eligible patients in our region are being referred for consideration of MSWLI. Methods: A planning committee, including a registered dietician, psychiatrist, endocrinologist, bariatric surgeon, family physician, and educationalists, developed an interdisciplinary continuing professional development (CPD) program focused on practical approaches to the management of patients living with obesity. The Kirkpatrick model was used to evaluate the educational outcomes of the CPD program specifically focusing on Level-2, -3, and -4 outcomes based on self-reported questionnaire and health administrative data. Results: Eighteen primary care providers from the CPD program agreed to participate in this study, and 16 primary care providers (89%) completed the postintervention questionnaire and granted us access to their MSWLI referral data; 94% of study participants reported changes to their knowledge, comfort, and confidence (Level 2), as well as expected change in their future behaviour (Level 3) following the CPD program. However, there was no change in Kirkpatrick Level-4 outcomes, despite more than 90% of participants indicating that they will be making changes to their practice after the program. Discussion: The CPD program in our study was overwhelmingly well received and participants reported knowledge (Level 2) and behavioural (Level 3) changes following participation; however, there was no detectable change in their clinical practice (Level 4). The methodology described in our proof-of-concept study can be modified and adopted to evaluate Level-4 outcomes in other studies of effectiveness of CPD interventions.
Vilazodone for Major Depression in Adults: Pharmacological Profile and an Updated Review for Clinical Practice

Abstract This article provides an updated review of the pharmacological profile and available efficacy and tolerability/safety data for vilazodone, one of the most recent antidepressant drugs to be approved in the USA for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. The efficacy of vilazodone for MDD in adults is supported by four positive short-term (8–10 weeks), randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Beyond these pivotal trials, we review updated research findings pertaining to the clinical effects of vilazodone for MDD including the results of switch studies, small comparative efficacy trials, key pooled and secondary data analyses focused on important depressive subtypes (anxious depression) and predictors of treatment outcome, and safety studies including direct studies of sexual side-effects. Despite these additional research efforts and use for over a decade, important gaps in the clinical evidence base remain with vilazodone. Hypothesized differences in efficacy and adverse effects between other antidepressants and vilazodone based on its multimodal mechanism of action (combining serotonin reuptake inhibition with serotonin 5-HT1A partial agonist effects) have not been comprehensively demonstrated in clinical studies and its effectiveness as a continuation- or maintenance-phase therapeutic is not yet established. Questions remain regarding its reproductive and lactational safety profiles and its efficacy as a potential next-step therapeutic for patients with MDD who do not respond to first-line antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Suggestions for clinical use of vilazodone and discussion of its place among the broad range of pharmacotherapies for adults with MDD are provided.
Social Media Affordances: Instagram Content as a Means to Perpetuate Gender Stereotification

This article aims to find out more about the consequences of social media content on gender stereotyping of women. The existence of the internet, which cannot be separated from everyday life, allows humans to access information on digital media or social media more quickly and intensely, to fulfill various needs, such as the need for entertainment. Through the literature review data collection method and qualitative analysis on a number of Instagram accounts such as @Dagelan and @Alfysaga accounts, this study finds that social media has affordances to offer various types of content¾ including entertainment content, that users can enjoy as well. The focus of the problem in this research is uploads that sound gender stereotyping towards women, which in fact is still widespread in various types of entertainment content offered on social media platforms. By using the theory of media affordances and hegemony, in this study it is concluded that content creators can take advantage of Instagram's ability to reach many audiences¾which allows the consequences for gender-stereotyped entertainment content, for lasting and hegemonic because the audience continues to exist.
The Roles of Autophagy, Mitophagy, and the Akt/mTOR Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

The pathogenesis of CRSwNP is complex and unclear. CRSwNP is subdivided into two types based on the infiltration of EOSs: eCRSwNP and noeCRSwNP. This study was designed to seek the role of autophagy, mitophagy, and Akt/mTOR pathway in these two subtypes of CRSwNP. This study included 29 patients with CRSwNP and 9 controls. The levels of autophagy, mitophagy, and Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins in nasal tissues were quantified using western blot analysis. Levels of eosinophilic inflammation-related cytokines in nasal tissues were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemistry was also used to evaluate autophagy, mitophagy, and Akt/mTOR pathway-related protein expression and distribution in nasal polyps and control tissues. Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect the formation of autophagosomes and mitochondrial autophagosomes. Masson's trichrome and periodic acid–Schiff Alcian blue staining were used to evaluate the severity of tissue remodeling. The expression of p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR was upregulated in patients with eCRSwNP or noeCRSwNP. Beclin 1, PINK1, BNIP3, and FUNDC1 levels were significantly reduced in the nasal polyps of patients with eCRSwNP or noeCRSwNP. Autophagosomes and mitochondrial autophagosomes formed less frequently in the nasal polyps of patients with eCRSwNP or noeCRSwNP. Levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and ECP and the eotaxins CCL11, CCL24, and CCL26 were elevated in the nasal polyps of patients with eCRSwNP or noeCRSwNP. Tissue remodeling is enhanced in patients with eCRSwNP or noeCRSwNP. The Akt/mTOR pathway, eosinophilic inflammation, and tissue remodeling are activated in the nasal polyps of patients with eCRSwNP or noeCRSwNP. The downregulation of autophagy and mitophagy is also observed in eosinophilic and noneosinophilic nasal polyps. The targeting of mitophagy may provide new therapeutic options for different endotypes of CRSwNP.
Auxiliary Reinforcement in Concrete Connections

A simple but powerful method for the design of connections in precast concrete is introduced. The method is based on a physical model of behavior, rather than on curve-fitting to empirical data. It is thus suitable for a wide variety of connection problems, as well as for connection geometries not covered by previous tests. When properly used, this approach results in reliable, ductile connections which do not suffer from the various types of distress all too common in precast connections. The concrete is assumed to crack in an unfavorable location, in the region of the connection. The shear-friction hypothesis is then used to determine the amount of reinforcing which must cross the assumed cracks. Shearing stresses along an assumed crack are resisted by friction. The normal force required to mobilize friction is provided by reinforcing steel, placed normal to the assumed crack. Applications to composite beams, corbels, bearing shoes, tension splices, and confinement are discussed, and a practical design example is given.
Confirmation that chestnuts are insect-pollinated

ABSTRACT We have performed new insect-exclusion experiments to test if chestnuts are insect-pollinated, as proposed in an earlier study. We used double rather than simple nets to ensure that erect styles do not emerge outside of the nets while allowing most airborne pollen to penetrate. Our findings indicate that ≥94% of chestnut flowers are pollinated by insects. Therefore, chestnut ought to be considered as one of the most important entomophilous tree genus of the northern temperate and subtropical flora.
Hybrid-electric propulsion systems for small unmanned aircraft

Hybrid-Electric propulsion systems combine the capabilities of silent electric flight and energy-intensive conventional flight. This work introduces a design method for small unmanned hybrid-electric aircraft. The method’s core is the propulsion system design. In the development of the integrated models, the focus is on high accuracy, computational efficiency and generic applicability. In the analysis of hybrid-electric aircraft, their takeoff mass exceeds conventional internal combustion aircraft, but hybrid-electric aircraft are more energy and fuel efficient for short flight times.
A Color Edge Detector and Its Use in Scene Segmentation

The present invention relates to diacyloxyacids derived from the antibiotic substance, designated acid S, produced by Polyangium cellulosum var. fulvum (ATCC No. 25532), and to processes for their production. The diacyloxyacids derivatives of acid S of this invention are useful as antifungal and antibacterial agents.
Caregivers' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards Pressure Injuries in Spinal Cord Injury at Rehabilitation Center in Bangladesh

The purpose of this study was to determine caregivers' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on the prevention and care of pressure injuries (PIs) in individuals with spinal cord injury. A quantitative cross-sectional study with descriptive correlation design was used to implement a modified semistructured questionnaire using a convenient sampling method. McDonald's standard of learning outcome measurement criteria was used to categorize caregivers' KAP. A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r) was utilized to assess the relationships between caregivers' KAP, with a p value of 0.05 or less considered statistically significant. The study findings indicate that caregivers had a moderate level of knowledge (M = 73.68%, SD = 6.43), a neutral attitude (M = 70.32%, SD = 6.89), and a moderate level of practice (M = 74.77%, SD = 9.08). A positive correlation existed between caregivers' knowledge and attitude (r = 0.30, p < 0.01), as well as between knowledge and practice (r = 0.37, p < 0.01). Nevertheless, there was no correlation between attitude and practice (r = 0.12, p > 0.05). The study findings suggest that caregivers need to develop a positive attitude and expand their knowledge in order to improve their practice. The KAP factors that require higher priority were positioning and turning the patient, preventing skin breakdown, assessing weight changes over time, interest in patient care, additional care for PIs, frequently changing the individual's position, priority to PI care, interest in other types of care other than PIs, using special cushions, consulting doctors on a regular basis, being aware of clothing and fabrics, proper transfer technique, pressure relief, and skin inspection, among others.
Appetitive Food, Aversive Warning: Interaction Effects of Visual and Verbal Cues on Psychophysiological and Attitudinal Responses to PSAs

ABSTRACT The efforts to promote healthy eating remain ineffective. The inability of these campaigns to counter the marketing resources of the mainstream fast-food chains is among the primary explanations for such failures. However, from the information processing perspective, the message’s features may also play a significant role. Cue reactivity research has shown the importance of evaluating visual and verbal cues to avoid undesirable addictive behavioral outcomes. Bridging the evaluative space model (ESM) and the limited capacity model of motivated mediated message processing (LC4MP), the goal of this experiment is to further explore how food-related visual and verbal cues elicit psychophysiological reactivity and how this reactivity in turn affects attitudes toward the promotion. Multilevel modeling results showed that healthy food images paired with encouragement words elicited an uncoupled pattern of the appetitive system activation and received a predominantly positive attitude from audiences (N = 180). Results suggested that thematic congruent messages are preferred in health communication settings. Junk food images, regardless of being paired with encouragement or discouragement verbal cues, should be avoided due to their automatic activation of the appetitive motivational system.
Assessing productivity in off-site construction methods of managing engineering and building projects: An operational management approach

iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v LIST OF PUBLICATIONS . vi List of Figures . xv List of Tables . xvii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background of the study . 1 1.2 Research aim and objectives . 3 1.3 Statement of the problem . 4 1.4 Scope of the research . 5 1.5 Significance of the study . 6 1.6 Research approach and design . 7 1.7 Research contributions . 7 1.8 Structure of thesis . 9 1.9 Chapter summary. 9 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW . 10 2.