Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reanalysis and Revision of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Artemia urmiana Günther, 1899 (Crustacea: Anostraca)

In the previously published mitochondrial genome sequence of Artemia urmiana (NC_021382 [JQ975176]), the taxonomic status of the examined Artemia had not been determined, due to parthenogenetic populations coexisting with A. urmiana in Urmia Lake. Additionally, NC_021382 [JQ975176] has been obtained with pooled cysts of Artemia (0.25 g cysts consists of 20,000–25,000 cysts), not a single specimen. With regard to coexisting populations in Urmia Lake, and intra- and inter-specific variations in the pooled samples, NC_021382 [JQ975176] cannot be recommended as a valid sequence and any attempt to attribute it to A. urmiana or a parthenogenetic population is unreasonable. With the aid of next-generation sequencing methods, we characterized and assembled a complete mitochondrial genome of A. urmiana with defined taxonomic status. Our results reveal that in the previously published mitogenome (NC_021382 [JQ975176]), tRNA-Phe has been erroneously attributed to the heavy strand but it is encoded in the light strand. There was a major problem in the position of the ND5. It was extended over the tRNA-Phe, which is biologically incorrect. We have also identified a partial nucleotide sequence of 311 bp that was probably erroneously duplicated in the assembly of the control region of NC_021382 [JQ975176], which enlarges the control region length by 16%. This partial sequence could not be recognized in our assembled mitogenome as well as in 48 further examined specimens of A. urmiana. Although, only COX1 and 16S genes have been widely used for phylogenetic studies in Artemia, our findings reveal substantial differences in the nucleotide composition of some other genes (including ATP8, ATP6, ND3, ND6, ND1 and COX3) among Artemia species. It is suggested that these markers should be included in future phylogenetic studies.
Pancreatic β-Cell Function Is Associated with Augmented Counterregulation to In-Exercise Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to investigate the influence of residual β-cell function on counterregulatory hormonal responses to hypoglycemia during acute physical exercise in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). A secondary aim was to explore relationships between biomarkers of pancreatic β-cell function and indices of glycemia following acute exercise including the nocturnal period. Methods This study involved an exploratory, secondary analysis of data from individuals with T1D who partook in a four-peroid, randomized, cross-over trial involving a bout of evening exercise followed by an overnight stay in a clinical laboratory facility. Participants were split into two groups: (i) a stimulated C-peptide level of ≥30 pmol⋅L−1 (low-level secretors [LLS], n = 6) or (ii) <30 pmol⋅L−1 (microsecretors [MS], n = 10). Pancreatic hormones (C-peptide, proinsulin, and glucagon), catecholamines (epinephrine [EPI] and norepinephrine [NE]), and metabolic biomarkers (blood glucose, blood lactate, and β-hydroxybutyrate) were measured at rest, during exercise with and without a hypoglycemic (blood glucose ≤3.9 mmol⋅L−1) episode, and throughout a 13-h postexercise period. Interstitial glucose monitoring was used to assess indices of glycemic variability. Results During in-exercise hypoglycemia, LLS presented with greater sympathoadrenal (EPI and NE P ≤ 0.05) and ketone (P < 0.01) concentrations. Glucagon remained similar (P = 0.09). Over exercise, LLS experienced larger drops in C-peptide and proinsulin (both P < 0.01) as well as greater increases in EPI (P < 0.01) and β-hydroxybutyrate (P = 0.03). LLS spent less time in the interstitial-derived hypoglycemic range acutely postexercise and had lower glucose variability throughout the nocturnal period. Conclusion Higher residual β-cell function was associated with greater sympathoadrenal and ketonic responses to exercise-induced hypoglycemia as well as improved glycemia leading into and throughout the nocturnal hours. Even a minimal amount of residual β-cell function confers a beneficial effect on glycemic outcomes during and after exercise in people with T1D.
The Washback Effect of Reformed CET 6 Listening Comprehension Test

In China, the English Test Band 6 (CET6) is a national test that is used to assess the English proficiency of test-takers by the state with unified questions, unified fees, and unified organization of tests. It is held twice a year. This test has had a great impact on college students and college teachers. It was introduced in 1978. In 2016, the Ministry of Education reformed CET-6, especially in listening tests. The reformed listening test not only brings scenes and dialogues closer to daily life but also emphasizes the examination of students' comprehensive English listening and speaking ability. From the perspective of learners, this paper draws on the theoretical models and empirical results of washback at home and abroad and studies the backwash of the reformed English CET-6 listening to learners' listening learning through a questionnaire. To do the survey, the paper was surveyed by quantitative research methods with 60 samples in several public universities. After the collection and analysis of data, the authors have affirmed and determined this test has a significant washback effect on student learning.
The perception of risk related to complications and its relation with metabolic parameters in diabetic individuals

Aim: For an efficient disease management and prevention of the development of complication, diabetic individuals are expected to establish a new life style right from the diagnosis. The perception of risk related to the disease has importance in the adaptation of the diabetic individuals to the new life style. The research is conducted to identify the perception of risk related to complications and it’s relation with metabolic parameters in diabetic individuals. Materials and Methods: This descriptive research was conducted in 237 diabetic individuals applied to a Diabetes Polyclinic of a university hospital. The data was acquired by patient identification form, The Risk Perception Survey–Diabetes Mellitus Scale and metabolic control variables form. Results: Individuals’ knowledge of the risk related to diabetic complications are at a good level while the perceived risk level is high. It is particularly confirmed that individuals perceive complications such as heart attack, high blood pressure and vision problems risky at a higher level. A positive correlation is established between the period of disease and risk knowledge, HbA1c level and worry, and fasting blood sugar and risk perception (p<0.01). Conclusion: In the study, it is determined that, despite the high level of risk knowledge related to complications, the diabetic management of individuals is not enough while the risk perception is high. It is confirmed that the risk perception of metabolic parameters is especially related to worry level.
Pre-Load Studies on a 2-m Long Nb3Sn 11 T Model Magnet for the High Luminosity Upgrade of the LHC

The Large Hadron Collider luminosity upgrade requires the replacement of standard 8.3 T Nb-Ti main dipole magnets with pairs of shorter 11 T Nb3Sn dipole magnets. After the manufacturing and testing of several 2 m-long 11 T models, the full-length 11 T magnet series production is now ongoing. As a result of a degraded quench performance in several short models, attributed to excessive stress in the coils’ midplanes, an upper hard limit for the coils’ pre-stress was set to avoid any conductor degradation. With the aim of further investigating the influence of a lower pre-stress, an additional double-aperture short model was manufactured. The first aperture was assembled with the standard pre-stress target, in line with the series production. The second aperture was assembled with half of the standard pre-stress. Both apertures were then assembled into a 2-in-1 structure, but connected individually in order to power them independently to allow for comparison studies. Contrary to previously built 11 T magnets, the conductor type is also different as Powder-in-tube (PIT) cable was used, instead of standard Restacked-Rod-Process (RRP) cable. Additionally, the quench heaters for magnet protection were not impregnated as previously done, but placed on the outer radial surface of the coils, in agreement with the final decision for the 11 T series production. This paper describes the manufacturing and testing campaign results of this last 11 T short model.
Improvement of the Microstructure and X-ray Performance of Ultrathin Ru/C Multilayer Mirror after High Temperature Treatment

Ru/C multilayer mirrors with a period of 2.5 nm and 150 bilayers were studied under high-temperature annealing and long-term storage. A general increase in the reflectivity was observed after annealing at different temperatures from 300 to 700 °C, during which a maximum enhancement of around 14% was obtained at 600 °C. The highest reflectance measured at 8 keV reached 69% after 600 °C annealing. This was accompanied by a 6% expansion of the layer period, which could be mainly attributed to carbon layers. The surface roughness was not affected by the annealing, whereas the polycrystallization of Ru with crystallographic planes parallel to the layer interfaces was enhanced. Combining the transmission-electron microscopy measurements, it was found that the interdiffusion at the C-on-Ru interface was significantly suppressed. The decreased interdiffusion, enhanced optical contrast, and larger multilayer period were the main reasons for the increased reflectance. The 600 °C annealed Ru/C multilayer remained intact after 13 months of storage in air, which also demonstrated significant temporal stability.
Iron and Carbon Isotope Constraints on the Formation Pathway of Iron-Rich Carbonates within the Dagushan Iron Formation, North China Craton

Banded iron formations (BIFs) are enigmatic chemical sedimentary rocks that chronicle the geochemical and microbial cycling of iron and carbon in the Precambrian. However, the formation pathways of Fe carbonate, namely siderite, remain disputed. Here, we provide photomicrographs, Fe, C and O isotope of siderite, and organic C isotope of the whole rock from the ~2.52 Ga Dagushan BIF in the Anshan area, China, to discuss the origin of siderite. There are small magnetite grains that occur as inclusions within siderite, suggesting a diagenetic origin of the siderite. Moreover, the siderites have a wide range of iron isotope compositions (δ56FeSd) from −0.180‰ to +0.463‰, and a relatively negative C isotope composition (δ13CSd = −6.20‰ to −1.57‰). These results are compatible with the reduction of an Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide precursor to dissolved Fe(II) through microbial dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) during early diagenesis. Partial reduction of the precursor and possible mixing with seawater Fe(II) could explain the presence of siderite with negative δ56Fe, while sustained reaction of residual Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide could have produced siderite with positive δ56Fe values. Bicarbonate derived from both DIR and seawater may have provided a C source for siderite formation. Our results suggest that microbial respiration played an important role in the formation of siderite in the late Archean Dagushan BIF.
Prediction-Based Control for Mitigation of Axial–Torsional Vibrations in a Distributed Drill-String System

This article proposes a control strategy to stabilize the axial–torsional dynamics of a distributed drill-string system. An infinite-dimensional model for the vibrational dynamics of the drill string is used as a basis for controller design. In this article, both the cutting process and frictional contact effects are considered in the bit–rock interaction model. Moreover, models for the top-side boundary conditions regarding axial and torsional actuation are considered. The resulting model is formulated in terms of neutral-type delay differential equations that involve constant state delays, state-dependent state delays, and constant input delays arising from the distributed nature of the drill-string dynamics and the cutting process at the bit. Using a spectral approach, the stability and stabilizability of the associated linearized dynamics are analyzed to support controller design. An optimization-based continuous pole-placement technique has been employed to design a stabilizing controller. Since the designed state-feedback control law needs state prediction, a predictor with observer structure is proposed. Both the controller and the predictor only employ top-side measurements. The effectiveness of the control strategy, in the presence of measurement noise, is shown in a representative case study. It is also shown that the controller is robust to parametric uncertainty in the bit–rock interaction.
“Active” Weed Seed Bank: Soil Texture and Seed Weight as Key Factors of Burial-Depth Inhibition

The ability of weeds to survive over time is highly dependent on an ecological strategy that ensures a high level of viable seed remains in the soil. Seed bank persistence occurs because of the specific characteristics of seed dormancy and longevity and the hypoxic microenvironment, which surrounds the buried seeds. These experiments investigate the role of soil texture, burial depth, and seed weight in seed bank dynamics. Seeds of twelve weed species are sown at increasing depths in various soil textures, and emergence data are used to detect the burial depth at which 50% and 95% inhibition is induced, using appropriate regressions. Clay soil is found to increase the depth-mediated inhibition, while it is reduced by sandy particles. In each soil texture, the highest level of inhibition is found for the smallest seeds. Seed weight is found to be closely related to the maximum hypocotyl elongation measured in vitro, and consequently, the seedlings are unable to reach the soil surface beyond a certain depth threshold. However, the threshold of emergence depth is always lower than the potential hypocotyl elongation. The depth-mediated inhibition of buried seeds is even more pronounced in clay soil, highlighting that the small size of clay particles constitutes a greater obstacle during pre-emergence growth. Finally, the role of soil texture and weed seed size are discussed not only in terms of evaluating the layer of “active” seed bank (soil surface thickness capable of giving rise to germination and emergence), but also in terms of developing a consistent and persistent seed bank. Finally, the role of soil texture and weed seed size are discussed, and the layer of “active” seed bank (the soil surface thickness that enables germination and emergence) is assessed with the aim of developing a consistent and persistent seed bank. Assessing seed bank performance when buried under different soil textures can help increase the reliability of the forecast models of emergence dynamics, thus ensuring more rational and sustainable weed management.
Bedside decompression of abdominal compartment syndrome caused by spontaneous pneumoperitoneum: A case report

ABSTRACT Pneumoperitoneum is the presence of free air within the peritoneal cavity and indicates perforation of a hollow viscus. However, it may also occur in the absence of perforation and in this case, it is called spontaneous pneumoperitoneum (SP). A 57-year-old female patient who was intubated and mechanically ventilated due to respiratory failure developed abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) secondary to massive SP. Peritoneal lavage was performed for the patient both to achieve decompression and to support the diagnosis. Many surgeons proceed with laparotomy as a reflex response for SP due to lack of awareness of the condition. However, laparotomy has no place in this setting. SP coexisting with ACS is extremely rare. With this case report, we aimed to raise awareness of SP among physicians and help avoid unnecessary laparotomies.
Perception of Post-partum Women Towards Birth Companions at a Tertiary Hospital and Its Catchment Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background: Birth companion refers to a person who provides support to laboring women during child birth. Various studies have shown the benefits of birth companions. The objective of this study was to assess the attitude of mothers towards the involvement of birth companions during child birth at St Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC) and its selected catchment health centers. Methodology: The study used a cross-sectional study to determine the perception of postpartum mothers on the involvement of birth companions during child birth. Result: The study included a total of 393 postpartum women. The finding from the study showed majority of the post-partum women (98.7%) were not allowed to have companions during labor. Among postpartum women 27.3 % has negative attitude towards involvement of birth companions. The commonest reasons mentioned by post-partum women for having negative attitude to this practice included need for privacy, religious values and fear of overburdening family members with stress. Conclusion: The findings from this study showed that majority of women were denied the option of having a birth companion. The study has also shown the desire to have birth companion isn’t universal among laboring women in our setup. There is a need to understand the socio-cultural values of the community before embarking on widespread implementation of involvement of birth companions.
Breast Reduction Complications

Background: Breast reduction surgery is increasing in popularity, with so many techniques all around the world, and the community’s knowledge of the details of this procedure increases thanks to the Internet and easy access to information, which increases breast reduction reviews for plastic surgery clinics. Reduction mammaplasty is an established and effective technique to treat symptomatic macromastia. Variable rates of complications have been reported, and there is a continued need for better outcome assessment studies. Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify the complications occurred during the first year of breast reduction surgery. Materials and Methods: A prospective study over a 1-year period from October 2018 to October 2019, that included 32 patients who underwent breast reduction surgery using the same technique (inferior pedicle and inverted T scar) in the Department of Plastic Surgery at Al-Mouassat University Hospital, Damascus, Syria. Patients were followed through a whole year after surgery and complications that occurred were recorded. Results: Complications that occurred in 14 patients (43%), and, and were more common in patients with larger breasts and worse symptoms before surgery. The most common complication was delayed wound healing, and it was associated with breast volume before surgery and with smoking. In general, the most relevant factor influencing the incidence of complications was the weight of the resected breast tissue, which is mainly related to the size of the breast before surgery. Conclusion: The weight of the resected breast tissue was the most important factor influencing the occurrence of complications after breast reduction surgery. The most prevalent complication was delayed wound healing and it was associated with the weight of the removed tissue.
Research on the composition and space utilization of residential neighborhoods in Old Lilong, Shanghai, China: mutual influence between streets and residences from the dual perspective of “activeness” and residential remodeling rate

ABSTRACT Alongside modern urbanization, traditional Lilong housing structures have undergone tremendous changes in internal and external spatial form and usage status in order to adapt to the needs of modern, social life. In these spontaneous transformations, the street “publicness” and the residential privacy create a set of contradictory relationships that affect the overall morphology of the neighborhood. Taking the traditional lane residential area of Xing’anli, Dongtai Road, Shanghai, China as an example, we analyze the relationship between street “activeness” and the rate of residential remodeling. We attempt to clarify the characteristics of street publicness and housing “privateness” in the traditional Lilong neighborhoods and their mutual effects. This contributes to a comprehensive, workable knowledge of traditional cities and has reference significance for future urban transformation. We analyze the space utilization characteristics of Lilong neighborhoods from two perspectives here. First, with the overflow articles as a medium, we explore the activeness characteristics of different types of roads using the SD method. Second, based on field surveying and mapping, we assess the remodeling characteristics of buildings around different types of roads through remodeling volume and rate statistics. We draw conclusions through careful analysis of the relationship between the street activeness and residential remodeling rate information. Graphical Abstract
Experimental study of the performance of concentrator photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator system integrated with a new 3D printed microchannel heat sink

Finding the most optimal configuration of hybrid concentrator photovoltaic (CPV)‐thermoelectric power generator (TEG) system integrated with a microchannel heat sink (MCHS) is of great importance to achieve the best performance. Thus, two different hybrid configurations were chosen for the study including CPV/TEG/heat sink and CPV/heat sink/TEG. In addition, the performance of both hybrid configurations was compared with standalone CPV/heat sink and TEG/heat sink. In the conventional hybrid design, the TEG was directly attached to the back surface of the CPV module, whereas the other side of the TEG was integrated with MCHS. In the new hybrid design, the MCHS was sited between the CPV and the TEG module as both sides were subjected to concentrated solar radiation. Effects of varying the simulated solar concentration ratio, coolant flow rate on the solar cell temperature, and the total output power were experimentally determined. Results showed that the new design achieved a lower average solar cell temperature and a higher output power. At a solar radiation of 5000 W/m2, and a water flow rate of 80 g/min, the new design attained a solar cell temperature of 28°C with a conversion efficiency of 7.78% for the solar cell, and the total generated power was about 386 W/m2. In addition, the increase in the applied heat flux to the TEG unit to 10 000 W/m2 increased the total output power from 386 to 440 W/m2. Accordingly, the selection of an effective heat sink to absorb all the excess heat that emanated from the TEG side is of great importance to enhance the output electrical power generated by hybrid systems.
Party-system polarisation, legislative institutions and cabinet survival in 28 parliamentary democracies, 1945–2019

Abstract The resurgence of radical and populist parties has stimulated renewed discussions about the resilience of parliamentary democracy in Europe. This work contributes to this debate by analysing the extent to which positive parliamentarism, the prime minister’s parliamentary dissolution powers, the government’s power to table votes of confidence and the majority requirements for votes of no confidence serve as ‘shock absorbers’ moderating the effect of ideological polarisation in European parliaments. Fitting several Cox Proportional Hazards models to data for 752 cabinets from 28 European democracies between 1945 and 2019, the well-established finding that the restrictiveness of the constructive vote of no confidence mitigates the destabilising effect of strong extreme parties on non-electoral cabinet replacements is confirmed. More counter-intuitively, the absence of positive parliamentarism reduces the risk of non-electoral cabinet replacements when ideologically extreme parties are strong.