Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Incorporating Interactive Questioning During Shared Electronic Book Reading on Preschoolers' Comprehension

THE EFFECTS OF INCORPORATING INTERACTIVE QUESTIONING DURING SHARED ELECTRONIC BOOK READING ON PRESCHOOLERS’ COMPREHENSION Lynda G. Salmon Old Dominion University, 2015 Director: Angela L. Eckhoff, PhD. The purpose o f this study was to examine the potential effects of parental interactive questioning during shared electronic book reading on preschoolers’ comprehension outcomes and secondly to assess the effects o f parent training on post-intervention parental interactive behaviors during shared electronic book reading. Four parent-child dyads participated in this seven week multiple baseline study. Participants were recruited from a suburban preschool in southeastern Virginia and child participants’ ages ranged from 48 to 68 months (M = 55.75). Pre-intervention and post-intervention assessments evaluated the child participants’ comprehension skills and the parent-child dyad’s interactive behaviors during shared electronic book reading. Child participants’ story understanding was measured by comprehension questions and elicited story retellings and tracked through baseline, intervention, and maintenance phases. While all child participants showed gains in comprehension skills and parents increased interactive questioning skills, results showed that the level of intervention effectiveness differed among the participants across measures. This study contributed to the emerging literature base focusing on the effects of parental support during shared electronic book reading on literacy skill development. Findings suggest that training parents and teachers to scaffold comprehension skills during electronic reading may provide added benefits for comprehension skill development. DEDICATION The journey o f a thousand miles begins with one step. Lao-tzu The only journey is the one within. Rainer Maria Rilke This dissertation is dedicated to the eleven-year-old girl who sat in a yellow buttercup dress amongst her classmates during sixth grade graduation ashamed o f not being enough, while singing the words to “Climb Every Mountain” as if her life depended upon it. This dissertation is dedicated to every person, young or old, who has been told that stars and dreams are beyond reach, and that circumstances define who you are. This moment o f victory attests to the fallacy o f those beliefs and reaffirms the resilience o f the human spirit with which we are all endowed. This dissertation is dedicated to the myriad angels who serendipitously shared the steps on my journey briefly or for the duration. Their encouragement and selfless acts o f support lifted my spirit so many times and reminded me o f the transformation that was occurring within. This journey o f a thousand steps has always been about discovery. Finally, this dissertation is dedicated to those whose passion for learning lights the path and reminds future generations o f their brilliance.
Breeding success and nest-site characteristics of Red-breasted Flycatchers Ficedula parva in a primeval forest

Capsule Predation is a major factor influencing the breeding success of Red-breasted Flycatchers under natural conditions. Aims To examine the breeding success of Red-breasted Flycatchers in relation to nest-site characteristics and time of breeding. Methods Data were collected during seven breeding seasons under natural conditions in Białowieża National Park. We used survival time analysis to estimate changes in survival probability over time and breeding success in relation to first-egg date and nest-site characteristics. Results Offspring fledged successfully from 51% of clutches, but the Kaplan–Meier estimate of survival was lower at 0.43. Of the unsuccessful clutches, 82% were lost to predators. The highest probability of loss was during egg-laying and in the second half of incubation. Breeding success was influenced by the height of the nest above the ground, but no relation to other nest-site characteristics was found. Conclusion To avoid predation Red-breasted Flycatchers build nests in various sites that are more open than most cavity-nesting species. The position of the nest-sites allows the sitting female to observe her surroundings and to escape rapidly from the nest, giving the chance for a replacement clutch.
Radiation response of multicell spheroids--an in vitro tumour model.

Abstract Multicell spheroids provide an in vitro tumour model of intermediate complexity between tumours and standard cell cultures. Spheroids of several varieties of normal and tumour cells have been grown and Chinese hamster V79-171b cells have been studied in detail. Spheroids simulate conditions in those solid tumours which contain nodular areas with necrosis at a distance from blood vessels and show a decrease in growth fraction as they increase in size. They contain radiation resistant chronically hypoxic cells which develop spontaneously as the spheroids grow, and exist in a tumour-like environment, yet retain their growth potential. Several assays have been developed or adapted for use in spheroid experiments to study cell properties and responses to treatment. These include many of the techniques used in tumour biology to determine the net response of the tumour, such as volume changes, histology, and net cell survival as well as more direct assays involving separation of subpopulations of cells. Methods were also developed to study in situ repair and repopulation processes after ionizing radiation or other cytotoxic agents.
Aporcella charidemiensis sp. n. (Dorylaimida: Aporcelaimidae) from the southern Iberian Peninsula, with comments on the phylogeny of the genus

Aporcella charidemiensis sp. n. is described from the southern Iberian Peninsula. It is characterised by its 1.38-1.81 mm long body, lip region offset by constriction and 16-17 μm broad, odontostyle 12-13 μm long with aperture occupying 65-73% of its length, 354-420 μm long neck, pharyngeal expansion 164-212 μm long or 46-51% of total neck length, uterus a simple tube-like structure 79-155 μm long or 1.7-3.0 times the corresponding body diam. , pars refringens vaginae absent, transverse vulva (V = 53-62), convex conoid tail (24-35 μm, c = 46-69, c′ = 0.8-1.1), 59-63 μm long spicules, and 7-10 irregularly spaced ventromedian supplements bearing a hiatus. The analyses of LSU-DNA sequences of the new species confirm the previous results regarding the phylogeny of the genus Aporcella .
Habitat-relative abundance relationship for bobcats in southern Illinois

Large-scale multivariate models of habitat suitability have been developed for several carnivore species. However, rarely have habitat models been combined with demographic information to create habitat-relative abundancerelationships. We used remotely sensed land-cover information, bobcat habitat use data, multivariate distance statistics, and a geographic information system to provide wildlife managers a spatially explicit depiction of bobcat (Lynx rufus) relative abundance in a 12,512-km 2 portion of southern Illinois. We used the Penrose distance statistic to model regional habitat similarity to areas within core areas of 52 radiocollared bobcats captured during 1995-1999. Bobcat core areas were comprised primarily of forest cover (61%). Conversely, the southern Illinois region consisted of a more even mix of agricultural (36%), forest (29%), and grass cover (22%). Mean patch size of forest cover and proportion of forest cover were most correlated (r≥0.39) to Penrose distance. The Penrose distance model was validated using an independent data set of bobcat sighting locations (n= 248). Thirty-one percent and 81% of independent bobcat sightings occurred in the top 10% and 25% of distributions of Penrose distances, respectively. We then modeled relative abundance for the region based on Penrose distance, abundance information from areas occupied by radiocollared bobcats, and bobcat sighting locations. Given the collection of radiotelemetry data, this modeling technique can provide a better alternative than more traditional methods (e.g., scent station surveys) to assess large-scale distribution and abundance of solitary carnivores.
Synopsis of biological data on the pink shrimp,Pandalus borealis Kroyer, 1838

This synopsis of the literature was designed to summarize the biological and biochemical studies involving Pandalus borealis as well as to provide a summary of the literature regarding the fisheries data published before early 1984. Included are many unpublished observations, drawn from studies at the State of Maine Department of Marine Resources Laboratory in West Boothbay Harbor, Maine. (PDF file contains 63 pages.)
Taxonomic and ultrastructural study of Trachelomonas Ehr. and Strombomonas Defl. (Euglenophyta) from Oxbow Lakes in Alabama and Indiana (USA)

79 taxons appartenant aux genres Trachelomonas Ehr. et Strombomonas Defl. (Euglenophyta) provenant de bras morts de rivieres d'Alabama et d'Indiana, U.S.A. , sont etudies. Nous proposons 9 nouvelles especes, 7 nouvelles varietes et 1 nouvelle forme. Treize taxons ont ete examines au microscope electronique a balayage
Down into the Earth: microbial diversity of the deepest cave of the world

Abstract In our work, microbial diversity of Krubera-Voronja cave was evaluated in the view of the frequency of human visits in different locations as well as the sampling depth. Sampling in this cave was performed at depths of 220 m to 1640 m. Cultivation-independent method, namely barcoded pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene, was used for this analysis. Our results demonstrated high bacterial diversity at the phylum and genus levels. We have shown that the bacterial diversity at the phylum level depends on both the sampling depth and the frequency of human visits in Krubera-Voronja cave. Frequently visited locations were more diverse at the phylum level than the rarely visited branches. The total number of bacterial genera both per phylum and per sample correlated with the frequency of human visits but not with the sampling depth. Some genera, found in Krubera-Voronja cave, seem to be absent or very rare in other caves. The present study represents the first report on the microbial diversity in Krubera-Voronja cave
Pre-ingestive selection efficiency in two populations of the razor clam Tagelus dombeii with different histories of exposure to paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)

Abstract We studied toxic effects of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella on filtration activity and pre-ingestive selection efficiency in Tagelus dombeii (razor clam). Samples came from two populations with different histories of exposure to paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP): Melinka, Aysén (with frequent exposure to PSP) and Corral, Valdivia (without previous exposure to PSP). Feeding activity of T. dombeii was affected by a diet containing A. catenella, showing a reduction in individuals from Corral, Valdivia and Melinka, Aysén. Furthermore, pre-ingestive selection efficiency was significantly higher in specimens from the population of Melinka, than those from Corral. Significantly higher values of clearance rate and pre-ingestive selection efficiency from the Melinka samples may reflect adaptation to specific environmental conditions where PSP events frequently occur.
Biologically effective dose of glyphosate as influenced by weed size in corn

Abstract: There is limited information on the effect of weed size at the time of application on glyphosate efficacy in Ontario. Eleven field trials were conducted over a 3 yr period (2010–2012) in Ontario to determine the biologically effective dose of glyphosate applied postemergence (POST) in corn at doses of 112.5–1350 g acid equivalent (a.e.) ha-1 for the control of various grass and broadleaved weed species when the weeds were 10, 20 or 30 cm in height. The GR90 for redroot pigweed, common ragweed, common lamb's-quarters, barnyardgrass, and green foxtail were 353, 630, 621, 763, and <112.5 g a.e. ha-1 when applied at 10 cm weed height, 235, 201, 906, 868, and 296 g a.e. ha-1 when applied at 20 cm weed height, and 792, >1350, >1350, 912, and 675 g a.e. ha-1 when applied at 30 cm weed height, respectively. Corn yields were maximized when glyphosate was applied to weeds that were up to 10 cm in height, but was reduced with later glyphosate application timings. The results of this study reinforce the importance of early POST weed control in corn.
Irrigation Scheduling to Increase Muskmelon Fruit Biomass and Soluble Solids Concentration

A common practice for the irrigation management of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. reticulatus group) is to restrict water supply to the plants from late fruit development and through the harvest period. However, this late fruit development period is critical for sugar accumulation and water stress at this stage is likely to limit the final fruit soluble solids concentration (SSC). Two field irrigation experiments were conducted to test the idea that maintaining muskmelon plants free of water stress through to the end of harvest will maximise sugar accumulation in the fruit. In both trials, water stress before or during harvest detrimentally affected fruit SSC and fresh weight (e.g., no stress fruit 11.2% SSC, weight 1180 g; stress fruit 8.8% SSC, weight 990 g). Maintaining plants free of water stress from flowering through to the end of harvest is recommended to maximise yield and fruit quality.
Seasonal distribution of CCHF vectors in Khouzistan province, Iran during 2013-2014

Background: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-born illness caused by the CCHFV. Ruminant animals are the main host to ticks, and ticks are a vector of CCHF. Therefore, this survey was carried out in 2013 on ticks of Khouzistan province, in the Southwest of Iran, to specify tick species parasitizing live stocks and their seasonal population dynamics. Materials and Methods: During a survey for possible tick population of Khouzistan province as one of the critical epidemiologic areas in Iran, ticks were collected from the body of infested animals by a tweezer and then transported to the laboratory of Medical Entomology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and finally were identified to genus and species level using identification key. Results: A total number of 372 hard ticks were collected randomly from 458 live stocks in 7 different cities. Shosh was the most infected city in this study. Ticks infection rate on sheep, goat and cow was 84.12%, 12.69 % and 3.17%, respectively. In the study 2 genus and six species of hard ticks were identified including Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma asiaticum, Hyalomma sp. , Hyalomma marginatum and Rhipicephalus turanicus. Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the most frequent species in the study area. Conclusion: Outbreak of human cases of CCHF in parallel with ticks’ distribution shows the importance of this survey. Despite of studies that have been done on ticks distribution and ticks infestation in Iran recently no study has been conducted yet about this field in this province. K e y w o r ds: CCHFV, Ixodidae, Tick, Rhipicephalus, Khouzistan
Properties of deficiens, a homeotic gene involved in the control of flower morphogenesis in Antirrhinum majus

deficiens, together with other homeotic genes, is involved in the genetic control of floral morphogenesis in A. majus. Mutations in this gene cause homeotic transformations of petals to sepals and stamens to carpels, thus producing male sterile flowers. The deduced DEF A protein shows homology to the DNA-binding domain of the transcription factors SRF of mammals (activating c-fos) and MCM1 of yeast (regulating mating type), suggesting that DEF A has a possible regulatory function as a transcription factor
Révision des genres Microchirus, Dicologlossa et Vanstraelenia (Pleuronectiformes, Soleidae)

Une revision des Soles de l'Atlantique oriental et de Mediterranee appartenant aux genres Microchirus, Dicologlossa et Vanstraelenia est faite a partir de l'analyse de vingt caracteres biometriques, osteologiques (l'urohyal, les complexes supracrânien et urophore) ainsi que des ecailles. Le genre Microchirus doit etre subdivise en deux sous-genres: (Microchirus) et (Zevaia). Le sous-genre Microchirus comprend cinq especes: M. (M.) variegatus, M. (M.) boscanion, M. (M.) wittei, M. (M.) ocellatus, M. (M.) frechkopi; le sous-genre Zevaia comprend deux especes M. (Z.) azevia et M. (Z.) hexophthalmus. Les genres Dicologlossa et Vanstraelenia sont monospecifiques: D. cuneata et V. chirophthalma
The African potato (Hypoxis hemerocallidea) : a chemical-historical perspective

We trace the history of the usage of lIgHypoxisl/Ig extracts from the 1960s to the present time. In particular, we follow the fortunes of the principal active component, rooperol, in detail from its isolation in 1980 to the role it now occupies in a variety of over-the-counter preparations. We also highlight the controversy regarding its use as an effective agent for treating HIV / AIDS and cancer. Despite strong opposition to its claims from some quarters, we believe that the use of lIgHypoxisl/Ig extracts has a future.
AN IMPROVED VAGINAL-IMPLANT TRANSMITTER FOR LOCATING WHITE-TAILED DEER BIRTH SITES AND FAWNS

A new design for a vaginal-implant transmitter was tested in 2 habitat types in Mississippi. Eleven white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) does were implanted on Longleaf Farms, Mississippi in 1994. Five does were implanted on Davis island, Mississippi in 1995. Transmitters were prematurely expelled by 4 does, transmitter failure occurred for 1 doe, and 3 does could not be monitored prepartum because of flood conditions. The remaining 8 does carried vaginal-implant transmitters to parturition. Vaginal-implant transmitters resulted in the location of 8 birth sites and 6 fawns. Since implants required no surgical procedures, trauma to the vulva was alleviated. Seven does successfully reared fawns the year they received vaginal-implant transmitters. Our limited sample suggests implants are safe and do not adversely affect the reproductive capacity of implanted does.
Annual and seasonal patterns in wildlife road-kill and their relationship with traffic density

ABSTRACT Hedgehogs (Erinaceous europaeus), rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were 93.4% of 1390 mammal carcasses counted during 92 trips along a 63.2 km route, 2009–2014, through peri-urban and farmland habitats. Pukeko (Porphyrio melanotus) and swamp harriers (Circus approximans) constituted 29% of the 466 bird road-kill. Comparisons indicate the recovery of hedgehog and rabbit populations from declines to 2005 and 2009, respectively, and the increased suppression of possum populations, consistent with disease and pest control trajectories. Road-kill density was spatially and temporally aggregated. Seasonal peaks reflected species-specific periodicity in breeding and dispersal. Carcass densities varied positively with traffic volume and did not asymptote with increasing traffic up to 25,000 vehicles per day. Kill rates per vehicle were maintained at the highest traffic volumes. Busier roads were not avoided by wildlife and could be substantial demographic sinks and barriers to their spread. We discuss the implications for wildlife management and conservation.
Response of Pot Chrysanthemum to Supplemental Irradiation during Rooting, Long Day, and Short Day Production Stages

Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat cv. Paragon plants were grown under supplemental irradiation from high-pressure sodium lamps during rooting, long day (LD), and short day (SD) production stages in all combinations. Plants which were rooted under supplemental irradiation had higher relative growth rates (RGR) and dry weight increments during that stage than nonirradiated controls. Supplemental irradiation similarly increased RGR and dry weight increments during LD and 5 weeks of SD. Root, top, and total dry weights at the end of the SD irradiation period showed a residual incremental effect of the LD treatment. Percentage of increases in dry weight increments due to supplemental irradiation were quite consistent between stages, whereas treatments had a greater effect on RGR during rooting and LD than during SD. The number of days to final harvest was reduced by supplemental irradiation during rooting and LD. The numbers of flowering stem breaks per pot, mean stem break length, and total plant dry weight were increased by supplemental irradiation at each stage. Those effects principally were additive. Flower dry weight per plant was increased significantly only by LD treatment. The benefits of supplemental irradiation during each production stage, and of combined treatments, are discussed in relation to operating costs.
Surveying the acarofauna associated with polish scolytidae

Scolytid-associated mites were filrst investigated by V i t z t h u m (1923, 1926). But, until 1970 these studies were limited to taxonomic surveys or to biological observations of certain groups (L i n d q u i s t , 1969). B o s s and T h a t c h e r (1970) and K i n n 1(1971), surveying bark beetles in the Western United States, first discussed the feeding habits end ecological roles of mites associated with bark beetles. Th'e first comprehensive surveys for mite associates of single bark beetle species wer e for the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis L e C o n t e, 1876, (K i n n, 1970) and for the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Z i m m e r m a n , 1868, ( M o s e r and R o t o n , 1971). This paper is the first attempt to define feeding habits and ecological roles of mites associated with b a ~ k beetles in Europe. The report is one of a series launched by a cooperative study " to #record bark beetle aearofauna of Poland c K i e l c z e w s k i , 1976; K i e l c z e w s k i and W i s n i e w s k i, 1978, 1980. In press a,b).
Biochemical changes during the ripening of San Simón da Costa cheese (PDO) manufactured from pasteurised milk

San Simon da Costa cheese is a traditional smoked variety produced in the north-west of Spain from cow's milk and protected by a Designation of Origin. The gross and mineral composition, the main physico-chemical parameters, proteolysis (classical nitrogen fractions and free amino acids) and lipolysis (fat acidity and free fatty acids) were determined during 60 days' ripening of six batches of this cheese made from pasteurised milk using a lactic starter culture. Despite milk pasteurisation, cheeses presented a considerable variation in composition between manufacturers, probably due to variations in the manufacturing parameters. The gross and mineral composition and the physico-chemical parameters did not differ much from those observed in other similar cow's milk cheeses; however its high contents in calcium and phosphorus and its low contents in chloride and sodium are outstanding. From the values of the different nitrogen fractions it can be concluded that this cheese undergoes only moderate proteolysis. The most abundant free amino acid at the end of the ripening was glutamic acid, followed by tryptophan, leucine, asparagine and glutamine; these five amino acids accounted for 60% of the total free amino acids. San Simon da Costa cheese made from pasteurised milk undergoes little lipolysis during ripening, as indicated by the fat acidity and total free fatty acid values; the most abundant free fatty acid was oleic, followed by palmitic and butyric acid.