Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative trait loci for resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum) to Ustilago tritici

Abstract Loose smut [Ustilago tritici (Pers) Rostr. ] of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) causes losses in grain yield roughly proportional to the incidence of the disease. Efforts to control this disease utilizing genetic resistance are being made in breeding programmes around the world. DNA markers for genetic resistance would greatly enhance breeding efforts by reducing the substantial time and labour resources necessary to screen for resistant lines using traditional inoculation methods. The objective of this study was to identify DNA markers associated with resistance. Doubled haploid progeny from the four crosses ‘Glenlea’/‘AC Taber’, ‘SC8021V2’/‘AC Karma’, ‘Diamant’/TD12A, and 9340-CP*/‘AC Vista’ were evaluated with individual races of U. tritici and simple sequence repeat markers. Simple interval mapping was performed using MQTL software and single point analysis. ‘Glenlea’, which has complete and broad resistance to all known races of U. tritici in Canada, contributed a QTL for resistance to races T2, T10, T15, T19 and T39 at Xwmc160 on chromosome 5B. ‘Glenlea’ also contributed QTL for resistance to races T2, T9 and T15 at Xgwm302 on chromosome 7B and to races T9, T19 and T39 on chromosome 3A at marker Xwmc559. The chromosome 5B QTL from ‘Glenlea’ coincided with a race T39 resistance locus from ‘AC Karma’. The 7B QTL from ‘Glenlea’ coincided with resistance to race T9 from 9340-CP* and T2, T9 and T27 resistance from TD12A. The QTL on 3A from ‘Glenlea’ was coincidental with T9 resistance from 9340-CP*. When evaluated with race T10, a QTL was identified near Xbarc183 on chromosome 6D from ‘SC8021V2’. A QTL to race T9 from ‘SC8021V2’ within the interval Xcfa2019 to Xgwm344a was identified on 7A. A third QTL from ‘SC8021V2’ was located on 6B at Xbarc223 and Xbarc332b. The chromosome 5B locus together with either the 7A or 7B genetic loci would provide resistance to predominant races of loose smut found on the Canadian prairies.
Event-related potentials during contralateral switching over motor programs in humans

The study of processes related to the motor response suppression and the evaluation of the next, alternative, response after termination of the already observed initial motor response is of significant interest to modern scientists. The objective of our research is to identify the gender-specific features of the amplitude-time characteristics of induced cortical electrical activity in the process of the excitation of the motor programs of manual movement. Healthy and right-handed men and women aged 18–23 participated in the research. The research tasks investigated the time of simple and complex visual-motor responses, amplitude-temporal features of N2 and P3 components of cognitive evoked potentials in the response to launch and contralateral switching (dominant or subdominant arm) of the motor program of finger flexes (pressing the remote control button) in the Stop-Change paradigm. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed in the frontal, central, and parietal lobes of the cortex. It was established that male participants had lower time indexes of simple and complex visual-motor responses than women. In addition, during the contralateral switching of motor programs of manual movements the smaller latent periods of the ERPs components in the right central and left frontal sections (component N2), in the left hemisphere lobes (component P3) among men were observed. The amplitudes of the N2 and P3 components revealed higher values in male participants at the parietal lobes. Thus, the process of recognizing and differentiating the stimulus among men was faster, with more powerful focus and attention on the operative memory. In the left hemisphere of men and women the smaller latent periods of P3component (in the central lobe) and amplitudes of N2 and P3 components were determined compared to the right hemisphere. Thus, the motor programs switching in the paradigm of the experiment occurred with the sequential activation of the left and contralateral right hemispheres.
Performance of ginger crop under different irrigation depths

In order to achieve good yields and profitability from ginger crops, the water supply must be adequate. However, there are few studies available which have evaluated the adequate water supply to this vegetable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation depths on the development and productivity of ginger plants. The research was conducted at the "Sítio Schmidt" farm located in the municipality of Santa Maria de Jetibá, in the central mountainous region of Espírito Santo State, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications, each experimental unit consisting of three rows at a spacing of 0.90 m and 0.10 m between plants of two meters extension, totaling 20 experimental units. The treatments consisted of application of five irrigation depths equivalent to: 50%, 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). We evaluated the number of sprouts; average mass of export quality rhizome; the production of export, small and total rhizomes (t ha); and water use efficiency. The total water depth applied in the range 1100–1200 mm per cycle favors the development of ginger plants, providing the highest yields of total and export rhizomes, the greatest average mass of export quality rhizome and lowest production of small rhizomes.
Suppression of Bipolaris Stem Rot on Cactus by Heat-inactivated Conidial Suspension of Bipolaris cactivora

The heat-inactivated (at for 20 min) conidial suspension of Bipolaris cactivora (HICS) was evaluated for the control of Bipolaris stem rot of cactus caused by B. cactivora. Severe rot symptoms were developed on the cactus stem discs inoculated with B. cactivora from 5 days after inoculation. However, only small brownish spots developed on the stem discs treated with HICS 2 days prior to the pathogen inoculation. HICS also reduced symptom development on cactus stem discs inoculated with other fungal pathogens such as Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Fusarium oxysporum, suggesting its disease-inhibitory efficacy may not be pathogen-specific. HICS significantly reduced severities of the stem rot disease on several cactus species including Hylocereus trigonus, Cereus peruvianus, Chamaecereus silvestrii and Gymnocalycium mianovichii, but not on Cereus tetragonus. Extensive wound periderms were formed in the stem tissues of inoculation and/or wounding sites on C. peruvianus treated with HICS alone or prior to the pathogen inoculation, but not on C. tetragonus, indicating the structural modifications may be related to the mechanism of disease suppression by HICS. HICS also reduced the disease development on the grafted cactus (H. trigonus stock and G. mianovichii scion) with the control efficacy nearly equivalent to the application of a commercial fungicide. All of these results suggest HICS can be used as an environmental-friendly agent for the control of the cactus stem disease.
Hepatoprotective Potency of Ethanolic Extract of Garcinia kola (Heckel) Seed against Acute Ethanol-induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

Aim: Hepatoprotective potency of ethanolic extract of Garcinia kola (Heckel) seed against acute ethanol-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: G. kola seeds were purchased from a local market in Ibadan, Nigeria. The seeds were chopped to smaller pieces after the outer coats were removed. They were air-dried and finally ground to fine powder using a blender. The powder was extracted using ethanol. 20 adult Wistar rats with body weight between 150 and 180 g were used for this study. They were acclimatized for 7 days during which they were fed ad libitum with standard feed and drinking water. They were randomly divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each. Animals in groups 1 and 2 were administered normal saline solution while those in groups 3 and 4 were administered G. kola extract for 28 days. The animals were administered the extract and saline solution at a dose of 4 mL per 100 g body weight 12 hourly via oral route. At the end of the treatment, they were fasted overnight and animals in groups 2 and 4 were exposed to a single dose of 70% ethanol at 12 mL/kg body weight to induce oxidative stress. After 12 hours of ethanol administration, the animals were anaesthetized using diethyl ether and were sacrificed. Biochemical parameters were determined using standard methods. Results: Ethanol-induced oxidative stress significantly increased the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) but decreased reduced glutathione (GSH). These effects were regulated by G. kola administration due to its phytochemical content and antioxidant potential. Conclusion: Results from this present study have shown that G. kola possesses hepatoprotective potency against ethanol-induced oxidative stress.
High level of serovar copenhageni detection in dog sera from Patrocínio, MG, Brazil

This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of canine leptospirosis and the possible risk factors associated with the disease in the municipality of Patrocínio, MG, Brazil. A cross-sectional observational study was carried out from July through August 2017. The municipality was divided into four regions (north, south, east and west) and a predefined number of neighborhoods (25) were randomly sampled in each region. Samples of blood serum were collected from 241 domiciled male and female dogs of different breeds and ages. To investigate the risk factors for canine leptospirosis, the owners of the animals were asked to fill out an epidemiological questionnaire. The following factors were evaluated: breed, sex, age, presence of rodents, type of diet, access to the street, vaccination, presence of flooded areas, and educational level of the owners. Blood serum samples were evaluated by the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), using a collection of 24 live antigens. Of the 241 dogs evaluated, 32 (13.2%) were reactive. The most frequent serovars were: Copenhageni (37.5%) and Canicola (21.8%), followed by Icterohaemorrhagiae and Grippotyphosa (12.5%), Pomona, Tarassovi and Butembo (9.3%) and Hardjo (6.2%). The presence of canine leptospirosis was associated with purebred dogs (OR=0.3059 [95% CI: 0.1430 – 0.6547]) and vaccination (OR=2.581 [95% CI: 1.198 – 5.563]). It was concluded that some dogs in the municipality of Patrocínio, MG have anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies and that the serovars most frequently identified were Copenhageni (37.5%) and Canicola (21.8%). Pure breeds and vaccination were factors associated with the prevalence of infection.
Effect of Date Varieties on Chemical Properties, Fatty Acid Composition and Amino Acid Contents of Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seed and Oils

The chemical properties, fatty acid composition, and amino acid contents of the date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit seeds (Barhi, Khulas, Monaif Rozaiz, Soukari, Soulag, and Soughi) were determined. While crude protein contents of date samples range from 5.70% (Soulag) to 7.59% (Bahri) (p <0.05), oil contents of seed samples changed between 3.66% (Khulas) and 7.87% (Soulag). Glucose contents ranged from 0.69% (Bahri) to 2.31% (Soughi). Glutamic acid contents of samples ranged from 0.81% (Rozaiz) to 1.20 %(Bahri)(p <0.05). Myristic acid contents of seed oils changed between 11.79% (Khulas) and 15.13% (Soughi). In addition, palmitic acid contents of oils ranged from 8.13% (Monaif) to 10.63% (Rozaiz). While oleic acid contents of date seed oils vary between 32.84% (Monaif) and 43.51% (Khulas) (p <0.05), lauric acid contents of oil samples ranged from 20,0 % (Rozaiz) to 32.83% (Monaif). Future studies will be conducted on phenolic and bioactive compounds of date seeds.
Correlation between Agricultural Biodiversity, Dietary Diversity, Household Food Security and Associated Factors of Wasting among 6-59 Months old Children in Ambassel Woreda, North East Ethiopia

Background Worldwide there are up to 300,000 known plant species. But, only 2% are consumed by human. Under nutrition among under five children is still a public health problem. There is an information gap on the importance of agricultural biodiversity in relation to dietary intake and nutritional status. Objective to assess the correlation between agricultural bio-diversity, dietary diversity, household food insecurity and associated factors of wasting among 6-59 months old children. Method A community based cross-sectional study was employed among 367 systematically selected children aged 6-59 months from January to April 2018. The sample size was determined by Epi Info 7.2. 5.1. Data were collected by open data kit. Height and weight were measured using height measuring board and SECA Germany. Data entry and analysis was done using Epi Data version 3.1 and STATA version 14. Descriptive statistics was computed and reported using frequency and percentage. Anthropometric measurements were analyzed using WHO Anthro 2005 software. Linear regression and correlation were done. A p-value of < 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals were used to see the statistical significance. Result The prevalence of wasting was 7.3%(95% C.I; 4.6, 10.0). Dietary diversity score is found to be correlated with height for weight Z score (r=-0.11, p-value=0.04) of children. Mother who are unable to read and write (B=-.126, 95% CI: -1.02, -.034) and dietary diversity score (B=.143, 95% CI: .14, 1.86) were factors associated with wasting. Conclusion and Recommendation Wasting is higher than the national target of Ethiopia. Educational status of mother and DDS were factors associated with wasting among children aged 6-59 months. Prevention of nutritional problem should include reducing illiteracy rate among mother/care-givers and promote diversified intake of diet among 6-59 months old.
Biologia de nidificação de Anthodioctes megachiloides Holmberg (Anthidiini, Megachilidae, Apoidea)

Anthodioctes megachiloides Holmberg 1903 is a solitary bee that uses pre-existing cavities to construct the nest. Wood trap-nests were installed on the garden of the Bee Laboratory at the University Campus in Sao Paulo. The traps consisted of circular holes 4 to 5 mm in diameter, drilled 5 to 7 cm deep. Rolled papers were inserted in the hole, so that the paper tube could later and periodically be inspected. Data on the biology, nest construction, female behaviour and parasites activity were gathered through direct observation during the spring and summer seasons of 2001/2002. Females of A. megachiloides began their activity in middle August and funded in total 40 nests on the spring 2001. Plant resin is used to coat the cells, construct the partitions and nest-closure. Of 24 nests examined, 18 contained dead immature, indicating that mortality was high. One species of Sapygidae wasp was detected as cleptoparasite of A. megachiloides.
Cytomorphology of some wild and cultivated members of Trichosanthes L.

Trichosanthes L. , one of the largest genera of Cucurbitaceae, is well represented in the eastern part of India. Clarke (1879) includes the genus as a member of the tribe Cucumerinae, while Muller and Pax (1894) considers it within the subtribe Trichosanthinae under the tribe Cucurbitae. As many as 20-24 species are recognized by Clarke (1879) and Chakravarty (1959). The species are distributed in South East Asia extending through Malaya to North Australia in one direction and China to Japan in another . Several members of the genus Trichosanthes are extensively cultivated as vegetable crops in this part of India . Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. , one of the economically important cucurbits, is extensively propagated through vegetative means. As a result of continued vegetative propagation and judicious selection, a large number of varieties and forms having restricted distribution have been accumulated. These cultivars are commercially available in the market under different local names without any uniformity and standardization in nomenclature. Moreover, no agronomic information is available which can be used as basis for delineating and standardizing different available cultivars. These cultivars have remained completely uninvestigated from the cytological aspects. The importance of karyotype study in establishing phyletic relationship and evolutionary trends is well recognised (Sharma and Sharma 1959). Lately, with the aid of improved chromosome techniques it has been possible to work out the chromosomal basis of intervarietal and even interstrain differences in a large number of cruciferous taxa such a Cheiranthus, Hesperis, Iberis, Mathiola, Raphanus etc. (Datta 1971, 1974, Sharma and Datta 1961). A numerical uniformity in the chromosome complements is represented in the cytologically investigated members of Trichosanthes (Vide Table 4). A detailed agronomic and chromosome analysis of the mentioned cultivated varieties and related wild taxa may bring to light matters of agronomic, cytogenetical and phylogenetic interest and it is with these views that the present investigation was carried out.
Ecological Similarity of Shrub‐Desert Avifaunas of Australia and North America

The hypothesis that species and communities occupying vegetationally sim- ilar environments on different continents should be similar in ecology has become widely accepted, although quantitative support for this hypothesis is meagre. As an indirect as- sessment of the likelihood of ecological and evolutionary convergence, I quantified features of community structure and of breeding biology, behavior, and life history of bird species occupying several sites in semi-arid shrub deserts in the Great Basin of North America and the interior of Australia. Study sites on both continents were statistically indistin- guishable in most quantitative measures of vegetation structure. Breeding-bird assemblages contained the same number of species per unit area, but densities of individuals in Australia averaged half those in North America. A cluster analysis based on a multivariate similarity matrix derived from 14 ecological and life-history characteristics of the species revealed little close matching of Australian species with a North American counterpart, although two such pairings suggest possible ecological convergence. The frequencies of most eco- logical/life-history traits among species breeding on local plots differed substantially be- tween continents. The Australian species were characterized by longer breeding periods with more breeding attempts, greater social aggregation during breeding and feeding ac- tivities, greater use of domed nests, and sedentariness or nomadism rather than seasonal migration. The avifaunas did not differ in mean clutch sizes, the incidence of polygyny, nesting height, territory size, or general dietary patterns. Despite the close matching of vegetation structure on the two continents, differences between the species and communities are more striking than the similarities. These dif- ferences may be related to climatic differences between the areas. Although long-term mean precipitation in the Australian and North American shrub-desert regions does not differ, the monthly and yearly variance in Australia is substantially greater. Droughts may be prolonged and widespread, and this factor, together with soil-nutrient limitations, may result in generally lower and more erratic primary and secondary production in the Aus- tralian deserts. Close convergence may be lacking because, despite the similarities in habitat structure, the climates and resource levels of Australian and North American shrub deserts differ in fundamental ways, and the avifaunas are of differing phylogenetic derivation. These comparisons emphasize that (1) bird communities are frequently open, so un- derstanding the composition and dynamics of local assemblages requires a broad-scale perspective, and (2) generalizations or explanations developed for one region of the world may not apply in other regions, even if the habitats are similar.
Fine-scale genetic and social structuring in a central Appalachian white-tailed deer herd

Abstract Spatial genetic structure in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has been examined at regional scales, but genetic markers with the resolution to detect fine-scale patterns have appeared only recently. We used a panel of microsatellite DNA markers, radiotelemetry data, and visual observations of marked deer to study fine-scale social and genetic structure in a high-density population of white-tailed deer (12–20 deer/km2). We collected genetic data on 229 adult females, 102 of which were assigned to 28 social groups. Our results were consistent with the conceptual model of white-tailed deer social structure, where philopatric females form social groups composed of related individuals. Within-group relatedness values approached the expected value for 1st cousins (R = 0.103, SE = 0.033), but individuals among groups (R = −0.014, SE = 0.003) and overall (R = −0.009, SE = 0.003) were unrelated. Fixation indices revealed a significant departure from equilibrium values among social groups (FST = 0.076, SE = 0.007) and an excess of heterozygotes within groups (FIS = −0.050, SE = 0.018), consistent with theoretical expectations for mammal populations characterized by female philopatry and a polygynous mating system. Analyses of spatial autocorrelation indicated genetic structuring occurred at a very fine spatial scale, where pairs of adult females within 1 km were genetically nonindependent. The occurrence of fine-scale genetic and social structure has implications for the ecology and management of white-tailed deer, including habitat use and resource competition, offspring sex allocation theories, disease transmission, and the consideration of social behaviors in management.
Hubungan Kecemasan Dengan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus

Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit kronis progresif akibat produksi insulin tidak adekuat yang menimbulkan ketidakmampuan tubuh melakukan metabolisme karbohidrat, protein dan lemak yang mengakibatkan kadar gula darah dalam tubuh meningkat diatas normal atau hiperglikemia. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar gula darah dalam tubuh adalah stress psikologis. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk diketahui hubungan kecemasan dengan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analytic dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 1 dan tipe 2 dengan jumlah sampel 81 orang, dan teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah consecutive sampling. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini mengunakan lembar observasi dan kuesioner kecemasan HRS-A. Uji statistic yang digunakan chi square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa sebagian besar responden mengalami kecemasan berat sebanyak 64,2 % dan paling banyak responden dengan kadar gula darah tinggi > 200 mg/dL sebanyak 49,4%. Ada hubungan kecemasan dengan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus dengan p value 0,025 < α (0,05). Peneliti merekomendasikan kepada petugas kesehatan agar dapat memberikan edukasi kesehatan kepada pasien diabetes mellitus tentang proses penyakit diabetes melitus dan penatalaksanaannya untuk mengurangi kecemasan pada pasien diabetes mellitus sehingga kadar gula darah dapat terkontrol.