Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combined effects of nitrogen deposition and biochar application on emissions of N2O, CO2 and NH3 from agricultural and forest soils

Abstract Both nitrogen (N) deposition and biochar can affect the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3) from different soils. Here, we have established a simulated wet N deposition experiment to investigate the effects of N deposition and biochar addition on N2O and CO2 emissions and NH3 volatilization from agricultural and forest soils. Repacked soil columns were subjected to six N deposition events over a 1-year period. N was applied at rates of 0 (N0), 60 (N60), and 120 (N120) kg Nh a−1 yr−1 without or with biochar (0 and 30 t ha−1 yr−1). For agricultural soil, adding N increased cumulative N2O emissions by 29.8% and 99.1% (p < 0.05) from the N60 and N120 treatments, respectively as compared to without N treatments, and N120 emitted 53.4% more (p < 0.05) N2O than the N60 treatment; NH3 volatilization increased by 33.6% and 91.9% (p < 0.05) from the N60 and N120 treatments, respectively, as compared to without N treatments, and N120 emitted 43.6% more (p < 0.05) NH3 than N60; cumulative CO2 emissions were not influenced by N addition. For forest soil, adding N significantly increased cumulative N2O emissions by 141.2% (p < 0.05) and 323.0% (p < 0.05) from N60 and N120 treatments, respectively, as compared to without N treatments, and N120 emitted 75.4% more (p < 0.05) N2O than N60; NH3 volatilization increased by 39.0% (p < 0.05) and 56.1% (p < 0.05) from the N60 and N120 treatments, respectively, as compared to without N treatments, and there was no obvious difference between N120 and N60 treatments; cumulative CO2 emissions were not influenced by N addition. Biochar amendment significantly (p < 0.05) decreased cumulative N2O emissions by 20.2% and 25.5% from agricultural and forest soils, respectively, and increased CO2 emissions slightly by 7.2% and NH3 volatilization obviously by 21.0% in the agricultural soil, while significantly decreasing CO2 emissions by 31.5% and NH3 volatilization by 22.5% in the forest soil. These results suggest that N deposition would strengthen N2O and NH3 emissions and have no effect on CO2 emissions in both soils, and treatments receiving the higher N rate at N120 emitted obviously more N2O and NH3 than the lower rate at N60. Under the simulated N deposition circumstances, biochar incorporation suppressed N2O emissions in both soils, and produced contrasting effects on CO2 and NH3 emissions, being enhanced in the agricultural soil while suppressed in the forest soil.
Analysis of Teacher-Student Interaction in the Joint Solving of Non-Routine Problems in Primary Education Classrooms

The analysis of teacher–student interaction when jointly solving routine problems in the primary education mathematics classroom has revealed that there is scarce reasoning and little participation on students’ part. To analyze whether this fact is due to the routine nature of the problems, a sample of teachers who solved, together with their students, a routine problem involving three questions with different cognitive difficulty levels (task 1) was analyzed, describing on which part of the problem-solving process (selection of information or reasoning) they focused their interaction. Results showed that they barely focused the interaction on reasoning, and participation of students was scarce, regardless of the cognitive difficulty of the question to be answered. To check whether these results could be due to the routine nature of the problem, a nonroutine problem (task 2) was solved by the same sample of teachers and students. The results revealed an increase in both reasoning and participation of students in processes that required complex reasoning. This being so, the main conclusion of the present study is that including nonroutine problem solving in the primary education classroom as a challenging task is a reasonable way to increase students’ ability to use their own reasoning to solve problems, and to promote greater teacher–student collaboration. These two aspects are relevant for students to become creative, critical, and reflective citizens.
Knowledge attitude practice study of diabetic retinopathy

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important cause of visual impairment. It is preventable with proper screening and treatment of diabetes. Therefore, it is necessary to assess awareness of the disease in the population and educate them. Our study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding diabetes and DR in India.Methods: We conducted a knowledge, attitude, and practice study of 1152 participants belonging to various economic backgrounds across India, using a validated questionnaire from Shri C. H. Nagri Eye Institute, Ahmedabad. We divided the study population into diabetics and non-diabetics. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.Results: Out of 1152, 121 (10.5%) were diabetics and 1031 (89.5%) were nondiabetics. Mean age of diabetics (55.71) was higher than non-diabetics (37.55) (p<0.001). Only 34% of non-diabetics and 55% of diabetics knew about DR. There was a positive co-relation between knowledge of diabetes (r=0.262, p<0.001) and DR (r=0.096, p=0.031) with the level of education. Only 20% admitted that diabetics were at a higher risk for eye problems. A significant portion of participants (40%) said they were never counselled for DR and 54% never had a fundus examination.Conclusions: The There is a clear lack of knowledge regarding diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. An alarming percentage of patients were never told about the complications and need for regular fundus examinations. There is an urgent need to increase its awareness. A collaborative approach of general-practitioners, ophthalmologists, diabetologist as well as health-policy makers is required to provide needs-based, context-specific comprehensive diabetic care in India.
Effect of nitrate and humic substances of different molecular size on kinetic parameters of nitrate uptake in wheat seedlings

The kinetic parameters of nitrate uptake (Imax, Km and Cmin) were evaluated in young seedlings of Triticum durum L. , cv. Appulo, exposed to nitrate and/or to soil-extracted humic acids (HAs) of different molecular weight. The uptake was enhanced after induction at low levels of nitrate (50 μM KNO3), while it was inhibited after induction at higher concentrations (2000 μM). The kinetic parameters of uptake were selectively influenced by pre-treatment with HAs: total (TE) and, at a greater extent, low (LMS, 3500 Da)-treated plants. An additive effect was shown when nitrate and humic substances were provided simultaneously: the uptake rate was enhanced in TE- and LMS-treated plants, but was strongly delayed in HMS-treated plants. Removal of nitrate and/or humic fractions de-induced the system and NO3— uptake rate decreased. Exposure to HAs was not able to induce nitrate reductase activity in root and leaf tissues. Inhibitors of protein synthesis p-fluorophenylalanine and cycloheximide reversed the positive effect of LMS fraction on nitrate uptake. This would support the hypothesis of a promoting effect of HAs on the molecular expression of proteins of the nitrate transport system. Wirkung von Nitrat und Humusstoffen unterschiedlicher Molekulgrose auf kinetische Parameter der Nitrataufnahme bei Weizenkeimpflanzen Die kinetischen Charakteristika der Nitrataufnahme von Hartweizenkeimpflanzen wurden nach Behandlung mit Nitratlosung ohne und mit Humusstoffen unterschiedlicher Molekulgrose ermittelt. Bereits bei dem niedrigsten Nitratangebot wurde die Nitrataufnahme induziert, wohingegen sie bei 2000 μM KNO3 nach Erreichen des Induktionsmaximums gehemmt wurde. Humusstoffe mit geringer Molekulgrose erhohten die Nitrataufnahmerate und die Effizienz des Transportsystems, erkennbar durch niedrige kM- und Cmin-Werte. Die Kombination von Nitrat und niedermolekularen Humusstoffen erhohte ebenfalls die Nitrataufnahme, wohingegen Pflanzen, die mit hochmolekularen Verbindungen behandelt wurden, Nitrat verzogert aufnahmen. Die Entfernung von Nitrat und/oder Humusstoffen de-induzierte die Nitrataufnahme, wobei die Nitrataufnahme auf ein Niveau fiel, das niedriger als das Ausgangsniveau war. Die Behandlung mit Humusstoffen allein hat keine Nitratreduktaseaktivitat in der Wurzel oder im Blattgewebe induziert. Hemmstoffe der Proteinbiosynthese kehrten den positiven Effekt niedermolekularer Humusstoffe um. Die Ergebnisse werden hinsichtlich einer Interaktion von Humusstoffen und der Expression des Nitrattransportproteins diskutiert.
Depression Among Keratoconus Patients in Saudi Arabia

Background Depression is a highly prevalent disorder globally and locally in Saudi Arabia. Individuals with chronic conditions are more liable to develop depression. Keratoconus is a chronic progressive corneal disorder that markedly affects the vision and quality of life, making its sufferers liable to developing depression. Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted using 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to screen for depression among adults aged between 18 and 60 years old only. The participants in this study are patients who have been previously diagnosed with keratoconus by their ophthalmologists. The structured questionnaire was distributed using Google Forms through various social media platforms. After extracting the data, it was revised, coded and then analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS), version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results A total of 330 keratoconus patients living in Saudi Arabia were recruited in this study. The modal age group was 31-40 years old (44.5%), and the male to female ratio was 3:2. The most frequently reported concurrent eye diseases of the patients were astigmatism (48.5%) and myopia (36.7%). The prevalence of depression among patients with keratoconus was 40.6% (n = 134). The use of corrective contact lens (includes both: hybrid and rigid lens) in both eyes contributed to a significantly higher depression rate among its wearers compared to users in one eye and non-users (p<0.001). Conclusion Depression is highly prevalent among keratoconus patients. This is especially true among corrective contact lens wearers of both eyes. Keratoconus is associated with depression regardless of disease severity and socio-demographic characteristics.
Nonlinear dynamics of two mutually injected external-cavity semiconductor lasers

The nonlinear dynamics of two mutually injected semiconductor lasers subject to external optical feedback are studied numerically. Three types of dynamics are investigated, which are induced by external optical feedback, mutual coupling and a combination of both mechanisms, respectively. In an optical feedback system, a period-doubling route and a variety of nonlinear states are observed. In a mutually injected semiconductor laser system, both lasers show a period-doubling route to chaos; moreover, the frequency detuning plays an important role in determining the system behaviours, i.e. it can increase the system complexity or drive both lasers to exhibit periodic oscillations. When both effects are considered simultaneously, the system behaviours are determined by their relative strength. When one dominates in the competition, the hybrid system exhibits similar behaviours to those it introduced. It is also found that one of the two nonlinear mechanisms can be used to suppress the dynamics introduced by the other, or to produce a highly complex chaos. Finally, a high quality of synchronization between the two chaotic outputs is achieved, although the bias currents of the two lasers are different.
Tactical Performance Analysis of Malaysian Youth Karate Exponents

The aim of this study was to analyse the tactical performance of youth karate exponents during the Malaysia Games, 2018. A total of 104 kumite matches, consisted of 52 men and 52 women were recorded during the games and analysed the frequency of attacking and defending using Longomatch® software. Non parametric Kruskal Wallis statistical analysis was used to compare the effectiveness of attacking and defensive by gender and performance of successful and unsuccessful athletes. The findings of this study showed that the male athletes were more effective in attacking than females. However, no differences by gender in the effectiveness of defending. This study also found that successful exponents were more effective in attacking for male and defending for both gender compared to unsuccessful athletes.
A Review of the Current State of Liver Transplantation Disparities

Equity in access is one of the core goals of the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN). However, disparities in liver transplantation have been described since the passage of the National Organ Transplant Act, which established OPTN in the 1980s. During the past few decades, several efforts have been made by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) to address disparities in liver transplantation with notable improvements in many areas. Nonetheless, disparities have persisted across insurance type, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic area, and age. African Americans have lower rates of referral to transplant centers, females have lower rates of transplantation from the liver waiting list than males, and public insurance is associated with worse posttransplant outcomes than private insurance. In addition, pediatric candidates and older adults have a disadvantage on the liver transplant waiting list, and there are widespread regional disparities in transplantation. Given the large degree of inequity in liver transplantation, there is a tremendous need for studies to propose and model policy changes that may make the liver transplant system more just and equitable.
Tungsten oxides. I. Effects of oxygen vacancies and doping on electronic and optical properties of different phases of WO3

In this part we present results of our ab initio calculations indicating that dispersion of the bands near the gap region for different phases of WO3 (namely, e-WO3, δ-WO3, γ-WO3, β-WO3, orth-WO3, α-WO3, and hex-WO3) is rather close. The rapid increase in the absorption coefficient starts at the lower energy range for α-WO3 and hex-WO3 than for the other phases in accordance with the calculated band gaps. An oxygen vacancy has turned out to decrease the gap by 0.50 eV and to shift the absorption coefficient to the lower energy range in the room temperature γ-WO3 phase. We have also traced changes caused by molybdenum and sulfur doping of γ-WO3. Only sulfur doped γ-WO3 has been revealed to display the formation of the impurity band along with a sizable reduction in the gap and the shift in the absorption coefficient to the lower energy range.
Sources of Oral Health Information and its Relationship on Knowledge Among Indian Adolescents

Objective: To assess the current level of oral health knowledge and identify information sources among adolescents in Bhubaneswar, India. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional examination was conducted among 1330 adolescents aged 13 to 15 years enrolled in 24 randomly selected government and private schools in Bhubaneswar. A specially designed self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the responses. Chi-square test with a level of significance set at 5% was used for statistical analysis. Results: Parents (55%) followed by media (18%) were the major sources of oral health information among the study population, which was statistically not significant in relation to gender and school type. Many subjects (95.3%) perceived sweets could cause tooth decay; however, this was statistically significant only among school type (p<0.05). Around (45%) knew about fluoride and only 36% properly identified fluoride's action as preventing cavities. This was statistically significant among both gender and school type (p<0.05). Seventy-five percent of students effectively distinguished gum disease symptoms, which was significant only with gender (p<0.05). Around 55% identified that oral habits have an influence on oral health, which showed significance among gender (p<0.05). Conclusion: Children oral health knowledge was not satisfactory, highlighting the need to utilize parents, schoolteachers and media to provide oral health education. It’s essential for designing and implementing a person-centered care model in dentistry.
Compilation of relative pollen productivity (RPP) estimates and taxonomically harmonised RPP datasets for single continents and Northern Hemisphere extratropics

Abstract. Relative pollen productivity (RPP) estimates are fractionate values, often in relation to Poaceae, that allow vegetation cover to be estimated from pollen counts with the help of models. RPP estimates are especially used in the scientific community in Europe and China, with a few studies in North America. Here we present a comprehensive compilation of available northern hemispheric RPP studies and their results arising from 51 publications with 60 sites and 131 taxa. This compilation allows scientists to identify data gaps in need of further RPP analyses but can also aid them in finding an RPP set for their study region. We also present a taxonomically harmonised, unified RPP dataset for the Northern Hemisphere and subsets for North America (including Greenland), Europe (including arctic Russia), and China, which we generated from the available studies. The unified dataset gives the mean RPP for 55 harmonised taxa as well as fall speeds, which are necessary to reconstruct vegetation cover from pollen counts and RPP values. Data are openly available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922661 (Wieczorek and Herzschuh, 2020).
The features taken into consideration by the consumers in Konya, Turkey, when purchasing a food product.

The studies into the effect of diet on health have yielded consumer awareness and attention into the quality standards of the food products they purchase. The aim of this study is to investigate some quality and safety features taken into consideration by consumers at the time of shopping. The study was conducted on 332 consumers in Konya, Turkey. The descriptive survey model was used in the study and the data were collected through a questionnaire. The relationships between the participants’ educational level and their attention to some variables like price, brand, contents, production date, expiry date, nutrition value, package, ease of use and healthfulness and to some quality stamps such as TSI, HACCP, HALAL and ISO were investigated in the study. It was also aimed to determine whether there was a relationship between the participants’ educational status and their knowledge level about what HACCP was. The results of the study revealed that the consumers paid more attention to the quality features of the food products they purchased as their educational level increased (p<0.05).
Polarization angle measurement of LiteBIRD low frequency telescope scaled model

LiteBIRD is JAXA Strategic Large Mission for the late 2020s that aims to observe the large-scale B-mode polarization pattern of the cosmic microwave background. One of its telescopes, the Low Frequency Telescope (LFT), has a crossed-Dragone design and observes at 34-161 GHz with a field of view of 18° x 9°. Because a miscalibration of the polarization angles mixes E- and B-mode polarization, we have measured the variation of the polarization angles in the field of view of a 1/4-scaled LFT antenna at 140-220 GHz, which corresponds to 35-55 GHz for the full-scale LFT, considering a scaling of the wavelength. We placed a collimated-wave source near the scaled-LFT aperture and rotated the polarization angle of the LFT feed. The measurements were explained well with a simple Jones matrix calculation, and the fitting errors of the polarization angles were less than 0.1’. We also measured the polarization angles by rotating the polarization direction in the scaled-LFT aperture, and the results were consistent with the angles measured by rotating the feed polarization at the ±10” level, except at the lowest frequencies. The polarization angle at the edges of the focal plane varied from that at the center by up to around a degree, with larger variation at lower frequencies. We evaluated the polarization angles for both Pol-X and Pol-Y feeds, and the results with Pol-Y showed a trend consistent with ray-tracing simulations. The results for Pol-X showed the opposite trend of the polarization rotation direction and larger angle variations.
Pectin: Properties and utilization in meat products

In recent years, there is in-creased awareness of con-scious consumers about the fact that foods they eat are related directly to their health. In meat industry re-search and development, studies have accelerated to formulate healthier meat products formulations using plant sources as additive, which are also expected to improve the functional properties of the product. Pectin is a water soluble fi-ber with a structural com-plexity that occurs naturally in the cell walls of fruits and vegetables, contributes to reducing the risk of can-cer, and has some health benefits. Gelation is the most unique property of pectin; it forms a gel in the presence of Ca2+ ions or sugar and acid. Pectin pre-sents good water and fat binding property. Therefore, it can be used as a gelling agent, film/coating, and emulsifier and in low-calorie meat products as fat and /or sugar substitution (dietary fiber), as a natural component contributes to phosphate substitution and medical delivery systems in meat products. In this paper, it was aimed to discuss the physico-chemical proper-ties, health implications of pectin and its potential ap-plications in meat products.
An ab Initio and Raman Investigation of Sulfate Ion Hydration

In the work by Cannon, amolecular mechanics model was developed for sulfate in waterbased on Hartree-Fock (HF/6-31+G*) geometrical and fourth-order Moller-Plesset (MP4) energetic results for the monohy-drate. Our work will verify these calculations and extend them,both in the optimization and the frequency calculation up toMP2/6-31+G* levels and by extending the cluster size tocontain up to six waters.2. Materials and MethodsCalculations were performed using Gaussian 92,