Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innovation and Design in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

At the heart of any innovation process lies a fundamental practice: the way people create ideas and solve problems. This “decision making” side of innovation is what scholars and practitioners refer to as “design. ” Decisions in innovation processes have so far been taken by humans. What happens when they can be substituted by machines? Artificial Intelligence (AI) brings data and algorithms to the core of the innovation processes. What are the implications of this diffusion of AI for our understanding of design and innovation? Is AI just another digital technology that, akin to many others, will not significantly question what we know about design? Or will it create transformations in design that current theoretical frameworks cannot capture? This paper proposes a framework for understanding the design and innovation in the age of AI. We discuss the implications for design and innovation theory. Specifically, we observe that, as creative problem-solving is significantly conducted by algorithms, human design increasingly becomes an activity of sensemaking, that is, understanding which problems should or could be addressed. This shift in focus calls for the new theories and brings design closer to leadership, which is, inherently, an activity of sensemaking. Our insights are derived from and illustrated with two cases at the frontier of AI—Netflix and Airbnb (com-plemented with analyses of Microsoft and Tesla)—which point to two directions for the evolution of design and innovation in firms. First, AI enables an organization to overcome many past limitations of human-intensive design processes, by improving the scalability of the process, broadening its scope across traditional boundaries, and en-hancing its ability to learn and adapt on the fly. Second, and maybe more surprising, while removing these limitations, AI also appears to deeply enact several popular design principles. AI thus reinforces the principles of Design Thinking, namely: being people-centered, abductive, and iterative. In fact, AI enables the creation of solutions that are more highly user centered than human-based approaches (i.e., to an extreme level of granularity, designed for every single person); that are potentially more creative; and that are continuously updated through learning iterations across the entire product life cycle. In sum, while AI does not undermine the basic principles of design, it profoundly changes the practice of design. Problem-solving tasks, traditionally carried out by designers, are now automated into learning loops that operate without limitations of volume and speed. The algorithms embedded in these loops think in a radically different way than a designer who handles the complex problems holistically with a systemic perspective. Algorithms instead han-dle complexity through very simple tasks, which are iterated continuously. This paper discusses the implications of these insights for design and innovation management scholars and practitioners.
STUDENTS AND TEACHERS ATTITUDES TOWARD SCIENCE: IMPLICATION FOR STUDENTS ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN BASIC SCIENCE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

The study investigated the influence of teachers’ attitude and that of the students on the academic achievement of student in basic science in secondary schools in Rivers State. The study adopted a survey research design to investigate whether the synergy of parents and students attitudes toward science subjects play a significant role in the achievement of the students in basic sciences. The population of the study comprised of all the students in all the secondary schools in the state. Two Hundred 200 students were selected as the active participants through the stratified random sampling techniques. Three research questions guided the study while three null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 levels of significance. The study used self- structured instrument titled, Teachers/Students Science Attitude and Academic Achievement Questionnaires (TSAAAQ) for collection of data. The instrument was validated and the reliability of the instrument was tested using the Cronbach alpha coefficient. The result revealed that the major factors affecting students’ attitude towards science are categorized; positive and negative. The positive include interest; relevance; and the entrepreneurial skills while the negative included boredom and difficulties in the calculation involved. Furthermore, the study showed that teacher’s attitude plays significant roles in the students’ attitude towards basic science. The study also showed that there is a significant relationship between teacher’s attitudes and student attitude towards science and a significant relationship between teachers attitude and students academic achievement.
Distributed Design for Nuclear Norm Minimization of Linear Matrix Equations With Constraints

This article aims at a distributed design to minimize the nuclear norm (the sum of all singular values) under linear equality constraints over a multiagent network. The problem is reformulated as a distributed trace norm minimization problem by introducing substitutional variables. A distributed projected primal-dual algorithm is proposed for the reformulation. It is shown that the algorithm converges to an optimal solution with a rate of $\mathcal O(1/t)$. Numerical simulations on three classical problems, including linear matrix equality constraints, cardinality minimization, and low-rank matrix completion, are carried out for illustration.
Efeito antibacteriano e antiaderente in vitro do extrato da Punica granatum Linn. sobre microrganismos do biofilme dental

Nesta pesquisa foi avaliada a atividade antimicrobiana e a capacidade de inibicao da sintese de glucano in vitro do extrato da casca do fruto da roma (Punica granatum Linn.) sobre linhagens bacterianas de Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus sobrinus e Lactobacillus casei. Os ensaios foram realizados pelas tecnicas de agar-difusao em placas para determinacao da Concentracao Inibitoria Minima (CIM) e tecnica dos tubos inclinados para determinacao da Concentracao Inibitoria Minima de Aderencia (CIMA) ao vidro, na presenca de 5% de sacarose. Os mesmos procedimentos foram realizados com a clorexidina a 0,12%. As CIMs (mg/mL) do extrato da P. granatum frente ao S. mitis, S. mutans, S. sanguis, S. sobrinus e L. casei foram 1:32, 1:8, 1:8, 1:512, e 1:128, respectivamente. Para as CIMAs o extrato da P. granatum mostrou resultados melhores que a clorexidina, exceto para o S. mutans com achados semelhantes na diluicao de 1:256. Os resultados mostram a potencialidade da P. granatum na inibicao do crescimento bacteriano e sintese de glucano representada pela aderencia ao vidro, sugerindo o emprego do extrato da roma, como meio alternativo, no controle desses microrganismos na formacao do biofilme.
Porins in the Genus Borrelia

Lyme disease, or Lyme borreliosis, is an emerging infectious disease caused by bacteria belonging to the genus borrelia. Borrelia burgdorferi, in the strict sense. This book deals mostly with the molecular biology of the Lyme disease agent orrelia burgdorferi. It has been written by experts in the relevant field and is tailored to the need of researchers, advanced students of biology, molecular biology, molecular genetics of microorganism. It will also be of use to infectious disease experts and people in other disciplines needing to know more about Lyme borreliosis. The book contains chapters on the molecular biology of the Lyme disease agent, zoonotic peculiarities of Bb, advancement in Bb antibody testing, the serology diagnostic schemes in Bb, discovering Lyme disease in ticks and dogs, adaptation to glucosamine starvation in Bb, and porins in the genus borrelia.
Draught animal power in mountain agriculture: Management scenarios in the Indian central Himalayas

This paper critically examines draught animal power (DAP) management scenarios in mountain agriculture. The evidence is based on the intensive study of randomly selected 404 farms of different holding sizes in 12 villages situated at 3 altitudinal ranges in 4 different types of farming systems/ agro-ecological zones in the Indian central Himalayas. Bovine-dominated herds are found in the Shivaliks/ foothills and the middle mountains and ovine-dominated in the high Himalayas. The greater Himalayan zone is ideally a livestock-based farming system, whereas, in the lower zones, cropping is the predominant land-based activity. Agriculturally transformed areas prefer buffaloes, whereas traditional areas rely largely on cattle. Less than required size of bullocks per household, except in the traditionally managed middle mountains, suggests that sharing or hiring of DAP takes place. The bullock holding size in the Shivalik hills and middle Himalayas (traditional) increases with the size of landholding up to medium size but records the least at the large holding level in the former zone and decreases slightly in the latter. In the 2 other zones, nevertheless, it increases constantly with the size of landholding. The degree of inaccessibility or remoteness is a powerful factor affecting population, size and density of draught animals. Traditional agriculture together with remoteness promotes an independent DAP system, encourages sharing, raises the sharing-hiring ratios, and strengthens hiring-out management in the greater economic interests of all holdings and bullock owners. The transformation in agriculture, on the other hand, does just the reverse, apart from encouraging the hiring-out system in favour of the bullock owning farmers. Caste system in the mountains is also a factor affecting DAP use in agriculture. High-rank Brahmins in Kumaon region, for example, regard ploughing of fields themselves below their dignity. Special feeding and care to the work bullocks is provided during ploughing season. Almost all male calves not to be used for breeding are castrated between 2.5-4.0 years. Not all draught animals in the greater Himalayan villages, however, are essentially castrated. Nose-ringing is carried out between 2.5-3.0 years of age. A 'farmer-trader-farmer' system of sale and purchase of draught animals came into operation in recent years However, 'farmer-middlemen-farmer' exchange of bullocks is still more popular in the region. Main resource- and management-related constraints to DAP development have also been looked into.
Chapter 6. Phylogeny And Evolution

Nematodes originated during the Precambrian explosion over 500 million years ago (Wray et al., 1996; Ayala & Rzhetsky, 1998; Rodriguez-Trelles et al., 2002). The phylogenetic position of the Nematoda relative to other metazoans has historically been one of contention. Originally circumscribed within the Vermes Linnaeus, 1758 and later the Aschelminthes Grobben, 1910 (Claus & Grobben, 1910), the Nematoda are now believed to belong to a clade of moulting animals, the Ecdysozoa (Aguinaldo et al., 1997), and share a most recent common ancestor with arthropods, kinorhynchs, nematomorphs, onychophorans, priapulids and tardigrades.
Biological effects of ultraviolet radiation

Foreword Preface 1. Introduction to ultraviolet radiation 2. The study of biological UV effects 3. Interaction of UV radiation with molecules of biological importance 4. Inactivation of cells and viruses 5. Inactivation of genetic material in vitro 6. Causes of lethality 7. Recovery and repair 8. Repair-related phenomena 9. UV mutagenesis 10. UV effects on macromolecular syntheses, genetic recombination, lysogeny, and related phenomena 11. Biological effects of solar UV radiation 12. UV carcinogenesis 13. Sensitized UV effects on DNA Notes References Index.
Detection of glutathione S-transferases M1, T1 gene deletions among cancer patients in Mongolia

Various types of toxic xenobiotic and electrophilic compounds, which were formed from the glutathione S-transferases cell metabolism and the oxidation stress, are the group enzymes with detoxification roles that are involved in the metabolism phase II. During the GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene homozygous deletion, the above enzymes completely lose their activity and consequently somatic mutation is formed. Furthermore, it is considered that it might have increased the risk of cancer. Therefore, the research works which connected the GSTMI and GSTTI gene deletion with the cancer of kidney, lung, prostate, breast, stomach, esophagus, large and narrow intestines. In this study, two gene deletion distribution is detected for cancer patients. We collected the blood samples of 60 patients who have been diagnosed with cancer. The DNA was extracted and the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes were amplified using multiplex PCR. According to our research, the above two gene deletion is predominant among patients who have cancer. The results showed that from the total 60 patients GSTM1 and GSTT1 both deletions, GSTM1 gene deletion 35%, GSTM1 gene deletion 25%, GSTT1 gene deletion 26.7%, GSTM1 and GSTT1 both positive -13.3 %. Therefore, we think that in order to prevent tumor and cancer, these gene mutations must be revealed and it is important to bring the risky group under medical control and assist them in order to prevent them from this disease.
Gross, histopathological and electronmicroscopic studies of canine mammary gland tumour treated with NS1 gene of canine parvo virus

Female dogs (10) affected with mammary gland tumour (MGT) included in this study were treated with NS1 gene of canine parvo virus @ 200 µg intratumoural at weekly interval up to 4 week interval. Physical and clinical symptoms were noticed before and after treatment i.e at 0, first, second, third and fourth week of the treatment. The efficacy of the treatment was assessed on the basis of regression of tumour mass of mammary gland tumours, histopathological and electronmicroscopic (SEM and TEM) studies of biopsy samples of mammary tumour tissues. The parameters observed in this study revealed that the NS1 gene have apoptotic activity in regression of mammary gland tumours.
Childhood Trauma and Neuroticism: Implications for Mental Health in Mexican Americans

ABSTRACT Childhood trauma represents a major problem for Mexican Americans in the United States and is associated with the development of both depressive and posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. Neuroticism is suggested to be a contributing factor in this relationship. Using a cross sectional design, we hypothesized that neuroticism would mediate the relationship between childhood trauma exposure, depressive, and PTS symptoms in a sample of Mexican American college students. Findings suggested: (a) neuroticism mediated the relationship between childhood trauma, depressive, and PTS symptoms; (b) neuroticism could be a point of intervention; and (c) screening for childhood trauma and neuroticism may benefit prevention.
Assessment of Bankruptcy Risk of Large Companies: European Countries Evolution Analysis

Assessment and estimation of bankruptcy risk is important for managers in decision making for improving a firm’s financial performance, but also important for investors that consider it prior to making investment decision in equity or bonds, creditors and company itself. The aim of this paper is to improve the knowledge of bankruptcy prediction of companies and to analyse the predictive capacity of factor analysis using as basis the discriminant analysis and the following five models for assessing bankruptcy risk: Altman, Conan and Holder, Tafler, Springate and Zmijewski. Stata software was used for studying the effect of performance over risk and bankruptcy scores were obtained by year of analysis and country. Data used for non-financial large companies from European Union were provided by Amadeus database for the period 2006–2015. In order to analyse the effects of risk score over firm performance, we have applied a dynamic panel-data estimation model, with Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimators to regress firm performance indicator over risk by year and we have used Tobit models to infer about the influence of company performance measures over general bankruptcy risk scores. The results show that the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) used to build a bankruptcy risk scored based on discriminant analysis indices is effective for determining the influence of corporate performance over risk.
RD20/CLO3, a stress-induced calcium-binding protein, acts as a negative regulator of GPA1 in Arabidopsis through GAP activity

G-protein and calcium signaling have both been shown to play a role in the response to environmental abiotic stress in plants; however, the interaction between calcium-binding proteins and G-protein signaling molecules remains elusive. This study examines the interactions between RD20/CLO3 and Gα (the alpha subunit of the G-protein complex) from Arabidopsis, and their closest homologs, Ta-CLO3 and Ta-GA3 in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Using in vitro GTPase assays, it is demonstrated that RD20/CLO3 and Ta-CLO3 have GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward GPA1 and Ta-GA3, respectively, and this activity is potentiated by high calcium levels indicative of stress conditions. Phenotypic examination of mutant plants reveals a pattern of phenotypes congruent with the hypothesis of RD20/CLO3 acting as a downregulator of GPA1 activity. These findings reveal a novel role for RD20/CLO3 in regulating plant stress response. Furthermore, this work sheds light on the molecular mechanisms involved in controlling stomatal density under abiotic stress. In vivo interactions were tested through bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) with other caleosin proteins to further characterize the caleosin gene family. The work contributes to the understanding of G-protein signaling in response to environmental stress conditions.
Overcoming challenges of early contractor involvement in local government projects

Abstract Traditional procurement methods are prone to developing adversarial relationships. Early Contractor Involvement (ECI) is a relationship-based procurement model that allows the client, the designer, and the contractor to work collaboratively, which results in improved performance. Previous ECI research has focused on its implementation in private projects and public projects managed by the Federal and State Governments. This research investigates the implementation of ECI in Local Government projects in Sydney, Australia. Interviews revealed that the main challenges are probity, developing principle project requirements document, running ECI workshops, changing the attitudes of project participants, and the time-consuming nature of ECI process. When these challenges are overcome, Local Government projects can reap the benefits of ECI, such as collaborative work relationships, better constructability, innovation, cost certainty, improved risk management, and better value for money. It is concluded that ECI is a suitable procurement model to improve project performance in the Local Government context.
Design, synthesis and characterization of higher poly(alkyl lactate acrylate)s

Abstract Homologous series of alkyl lactate and alkyl lactate acrylates starting from hexyl to dodecyl were synthesized and then polymerized by solution polymerization using AIBN as the free radical initiator. Lactic acid derivatives such as alkyl lactates and its acrylates were synthesized by azeotropic method. The formation of monomers and polymers were confirmed using Electron Impact-Mass Spectra, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and proton and proton decoupled carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Inherent viscosity of poly(alkyl lactate acrylate)s was in the range of 0.12–0.26 dL/g. GPC curves of polymers exhibited unimodal molecular weight distribution. The thermal stability of the poly(alkyl lactate acrylate)s were determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Zeroing In on the Expected Returns of Anomalies

Abstract We zero in on the expected returns of long-short portfolios based on 204 stock market anomalies by accounting for i) effective bid–ask spreads, ii) post-publication effects, and iii) the modern era of trading technology that began in the early 2000s. Net of these effects, the average anomaly’s expected return is a measly 4 bps per month. The strongest anomalies net, at best, 10 bps after controlling for data mining. Several methods for combining anomalies net around 20 bps. Expected returns are negligible despite cost mitigations that produce impressive net returns in-sample and the omission of additional trading costs, like price impact.
Relationships between Prospective Teachers' Multicultural Education Attitudes and Classroom Management Styles

This correlation study investigates the relationships between prospective teachers’ multicultural education attitude and classroom management styles. The participants were 495 prospective teachers majoring in different departments of education faculties at two state universities in Turkey. “Democracy and Multicultural Education Attitude Scale” and “Classroom Management Style Scale” were used as data collection tools. Correlation and regression analyses were performed for data analysis by using SPSS 23.0 software. The results of descriptive analyses showed that most of the participants adopted authoritative style in terms of classroom management. Also, they had positive attitudes towards multicultural and democracy education. According to correlation analysis, there were significant relationships between the variables. Specifically, authoritative style was a powerful predictor of the attitude towards democracy and multicultural education. The prospective teachers with more authoritarian and indifferent styles had more biases towards multicultural education. Moreover, it is estimated that discussion and educational implications will shed light on teacher education.
Selection: The Mechanism of Evolution

Simple selection Selection on a single character Single episode of selection Selection of pre-existing variation Continued selection The Evolution of novelty Selection on several characters Selection acting on different components of fitness Selection in several environments Selection acting at different levels Autoselection Elements that utilize existing modes of transmission Elements that modify existing modes of transmission Social selection Selection within a single uniform population density-dependent selection Selection within a single diverse population frequency-dependent selection Selection among populations kin selection and group selection Coevolution Sexual selection.
Potentials of bentonite enhanced termite mound soil for bottom lining in waste containment system

The sole purpose of a compacted landfill liner is to contain and mitigate the impact of leachate on the environment. This research assessed the engineering properties of bentonite enhanced termite mound mixture to ascertain their suitability as an alternate landfill liner. The mixture of mound soil and bentonite was proportioned by percentage weight as (100:0), (95:5), (90:10) and (85:15) respectively. The compaction analysis reveals an optimum moisture content ranging from 13.80% to 18.52% and a maximum dry density that varied from 1.72 g/cm 3 to 1.88 g/cm 3 . The hydraulic conductivity result of 15% bentonite-mound soil mixture (0.23 x 10 -9 m/s) established hydraulic conductivity less than 1 x 10 -9 m/s, which satisfied the criteria for landfill liner. Hence, a mixture of 15% bentonite enhanced mound soil is found suitable as an alternate bottom liner.