Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) on the cost of delivery services in Indonesia

The maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is still high, at 305 per 100,000 live births. Several studies indicated maternal financial burden as one of the dimensions of access that influence a pregnant woman’s ability to receive adequate, high-quality medical care. This study aims to identify the association between the use of Indonesia’s national health insurance (JKN) and out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures in accessing delivery services, using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey 5. In addition, this study also investigated the relationship of JKN and the potential reduction of catastrophic delivery expenditures (CDEs) for delivery services. The results show that JKN was associated with reduced OOP expenditures for delivery as well as reduced risk of incurring CDE. However, some OOP expenditure for cost of delivery services still exists among mothers who used JKN during delivery, potentially due to factors such as medicine stock availability and inpatient care shortages.
Systemic Control of Nantucket Pine Tip Moth (Rhyacionia frustrana Scudder in Comstock, 1880) Enhances Seedling Vigor, Plantation Establishment, and Early Stand-Level Productivity in Pinus taeda L.

Establishment is a vulnerable and expensive stage of stand development in intensively managed pine plantations. We evaluated the capacity of establishing loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations to increase productivity by systemic control of Nantucket pine tip moth (Rhyacionia frustrana Scudder in Comstock, 1880). In January 2009, four genotypes of improved genetics loblolly pine were planted in whole-plot treatments of herbaceous competition control at an upper coastal plain (UCP) site and phosphorus fertilization at a lower coastal plain (LCP) site, and split-plot treatments of tip moth control. Trees were monitored for tip moth infestation levels, vigor, survival, and stand-level biomass production for 2 years. During this time, tip moth infestation levels were very high at both sites, averaging 69% at UCP and 70% at LCP. However, levels averaged only 8% at UCP and 39% at LCP in treatments that included applications of systemic insecticides at planting. At LCP, biomass production averaged 2,159 kg ha 1 after 2 years. Protection from tip moth increased LCP biomass by 11% averaged across genotypes and 20 –30% for the most responsive genotypes. At UCP, 2-year pine biomass production was much lower at 114.5 kg ha 1 and was increased 150% by protection from tip moth. At UCP, there was a strong effect of genetics whereby one genotype experienced very high mortality (mean of 30%) attributed to meteorological conditions of the establishment year; however, this was greatly decreased (17%) by protection from the interacting stress of tip moth damage. We conclude that systemic control of tip moth using imidacloprid soil tablets has the potential to greatly enhance pine plantation establishment success and early productivity in areas of heavy pest pressure, which may compound through stand development.
Impact of a Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor, Novaluron, on the Development and the Reproductive Performance of Mosquito Culex pipiens

The management of disease vectors using conventional pesticides has failed because of the high reproductive ability, development of insecticide resistance of insect species and secondary effects on environment. These reasons are leading to a search for novel molecules. The Insect Growth regulators (I.G.Rs) were proposed as an alternative without any effect on non target organisms. The aim of this study was to assess the potential effects of an insect growth regulator belonging to the class of a chitin synthesis inhibitor, novaluron. A commercial formulation of this product (10% EC) was evaluated on several biological aspects (toxicology, development and potential of reproduction) of mosquito species, Culex pipiens under controlled laboratory tests. The results of the toxicological assays, against larvae and pupae developmental stage revealed an insecticidal effect with concentration-response relationship only for larval stage. The Mortality was observed occurring after precocious and incomplete emergence and the adult is trapped in the exuvial cuticle. Moreover, treatment with lethal concentrations caused a significant increase in the duration of the larval and longevity of adults and effected the reproduction, by decreasing number of laid eggs, percentage of hatching and fecundity.
Metabolically Healthy Obesity Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Colorectal Adenoma Occurrence Diagnosed by Surveillance Colonoscopy

Background/Aims The risk of recurrence of colorectal adenoma among obese individuals without metabolic abnormalities or in those with metabolically healthy obesity is largely unexplored. Therefore, we longitudinally investigated the risk of adenoma occurrence in individuals undergoing surveillance colonoscopy according to metabolic status and obesity. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 16,872 Korean adults who underwent their first screening colonoscopy between 2003 and 2012 and who then underwent follow-up colonoscopy until 2017. Participants were categorized into a metabolically healthy nonobese group (reference group), a metabolically healthy obese group, a metabolically abnormal nonobese group, and a metabolically abnormal obese group. Hazard ratios (HRs) for adenoma recurrence compared to the reference group were calculated in each group. Results During a median follow-up duration of 47.3 months (interquartile range, 35.6 to 58.9 months), 3,673 (21.8%) and 292 (1.73%) participants developed adenoma and advanced adenoma, respectively. When age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of colorectal cancer, and baseline adenoma risk were adjusted, the risk of adenoma recurrence was increased in metabolically healthy obese individuals (HR, 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 1.57) and metabolically abnormal obese individuals (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.30) but not in metabolically abnormal nonobese individuals (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.13). Conclusions In this study, metabolically healthy obese individuals and metabolically abnormal obese individuals exhibited increased risks of occurrence of colorectal adenoma diagnosed by surveillance colonoscopy. This finding implies that obesity itself, even without metabolic abnormalities, is associated with an increased risk of adenoma recurrence. (Gut Liver 2021;15-390)
Haematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Chronic Granulomatous Disease: a Study on 712 Children and Adults.

Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency resulting in life-threatening infections and inflammatory complications. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) can cure patients, but indication to transplant remains controversial. We performed a retrospective multicentre study on 712 patients with CGD undergoing allo-HCT transplanted in EBMT centres between 1993 and 2018. We studied 635 children (aged < 18 years) and 77 adults. Median follow-up was 45 months. Median age at transplant was 7 years (range: 0.1-48.6). Kaplan-Meier estimates of OS and EFS at 3 years were 85.7% (95% CI, 82.8-88.5) and 75.8% (95% CI, 72.3-79.3), respectively. On MVA, older age was associated with reduced survival (HR= 1.69, p= 0.0001) and increased chronic GVHD (HR 1.35, p=0.01). Nevertheless OS and EFS at 3 years for patients ≥ 18 years was 76% (95%CI, 66-86) and 69% (95%CI, 57-80), respectively. Use of one antigen-mismatched donors was associated with reduced OS (HR= 2.29, p= 0.01) and EFS (HR 2.37, p=0.001). No significant difference was found in OS, but a significantly reduced EFS (HR 3.69 p=0.001), in the small group who received a transplant from a donor with more than one antigen-mismatch. Choice of conditioning regimen did not influence OS or EFS. In conclusion we report an excellent outcome after allo-HCT in CGD, with low incidence of graft failure and mortality in all ages. Older patients and recipients of one antigen-mismatched grafts have a less favourable outcome. Transplant should be strongly considered at a younger age and particularly in the presence of a well-matched donor.
Kaolin influences tomato response to salinity: physiological aspects

Environmental stress as salinity can negatively affect the physiology of tomato plants. Conditions leading to a reduction of transpiration can contribute to greater tolerance to salinity. Use of kaolin-based particle film technology (PFT) may be an effective tool to control stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, thus mitigating the detrimental effect of salinity. The present three-year study has investigated the effects of kaolin application on leaf gas exchange, leaf water potential, leaf and canopy temperature of field-grown tomato, irrigated with brackish water by drip method, in southern Italy. Treatments were: (1) three salinity levels of irrigation water (electrical conductivity of water = 0.5, 5 and 10 dS m−1); (2) tomato plants treated or not with kaolin; and (3) two cultivars in each year. The increase in salinity caused the reduction of leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis and transpiration rate, and the increase of leaf and canopy temperature. Kaolin has resulted in an improvement of leaf water potential, and the reduction in gas exchange variables in low-salinity conditions. Under high salinity, kaolin was effective in limiting the reductions in net photosynthesis and reducing leaf and canopy temperature. These latter variables were slightly affected by kaolin, in different ways in respect to the saline treatments; while in non-saline conditions were 0.2–0.5°C higher in the kaolin-treated plants, the situation was reversed in more saline treatment. The variation of leaf and canopy temperature shows that kaolin influences the thermal balance mainly for the dual effect of reflection of the incident radiation and partial occlusion of the stomata. Kaolin mitigated detrimental effects of salinity also on yield, contributing to the improvement of income for the farmers. The use of kaolin-based PFT may be an effective tool to alleviate salinity stress in tomato production under arid and semi-arid conditions.
Spatial variation in the feeding ecology, foraging ranges, and breeding energetics of northern fulmars in the north-east Atlantic Ocean

Northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) are one of the most abundant birds in the North Atlantic Ocean and the two largest fulmar colonies in the UK are at St Kilda, Outer Hebrides and Foula, Shetland. These colonies are about 450 km apart and surrounded by waters that diVer greatly in terms of potential food availability. Thus fish oVal and whole fish discarded from whitefish trawlers are a major source of potential food in Shetland but not at St Kilda. Associated with this, previous studies have reported broad diVerences in diets and colony attendance patterns of adults at these two colonies, and have predicted better chick growth in Shetland than at St Kilda. More detailed information on diVerences between sites in the foraging behaviour and ranges of adults and the growth of chicks has not previously been available. This paper, therefore, presents detailed dietary analysis and uses land-based data to determine the durations and potential ranges of foraging trips by adults at the two colonies, feeding on diVerent types of prey. DiVerences in the growth of nestlings at the two sites are described and explained, in terms of the body maintenance requirements of chicks, caloric density of food and variability in food provisioning rates by adults. 1997 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
Personal Protective Equipment for Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a challenge for healthcare systems, and healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of exposure. Protecting HCWs is of paramount importance to maintain continuous patient care and keep healthcare systems functioning. Used alongside administrative and engineering control measures, personal protective equipment (PPE) is the last line of defense and the core component of protection. Current data suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and close contact. Airborne transmission may occur during aerosol-generating procedures. However, the modes of transmission still remain uncertain, especially regarding the possibility of airborne transmission when aerosol-generating procedures are not performed. Thus, there are some inconsistencies in the respiratory protective equipment recommended by international and national organizations. In Korea, there have been several modifications to PPE recommendations offering options in choosing PPE for respiratory and body protection, which confuses HCWs; they are often unsure what to wear and when to wear it. The choice of PPE is based on the risk of exposure and possible modes of transmission. The level of protection provided by PPE differs based on standards and test methods. Thus, understanding them is the key in selecting the proper PPE. This article reviews evidence on the mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, compares the current PPE recommendations of the World Health Organization with those in Korea, and discusses standard requirements and the proper selection of PPE.
Scaffold Selection for Tissue Engineering in Dentistry

Tissue engineering aims to restore lost, damaged, diseased or defective tissues in the human body using engineered or regenerated products. The advancement of tissue engineering has given a promising opportunity for better clinical practice in treating dental patients especially in the fields of endodontic, bone and periodontal tissue as well as whole tooth regeneration. In this review, we briefly summarise the
Castration at 3 days of age temporarily slows growth of pigs

Methods: Male piglets within a litter were randomly assigned at birth to one of two treatment groups: either castrated at 3 days (“early”) or castrated at 10 days (“late”). All pigs in the litter were weighed at 1, 3, 4, 6, 10, 11, and 13 days of age and at weaning. For statistical analysis, castrated pigs were paired with noncastrated littermates (“early controls” and “late controls”) of the nearest weight on the day of castration. Weight gain 1 and 3 days postcastration was compared between castrated and weightmatched pigs.
Racial Capitalism Within Public Health—How Occupational Settings Drive COVID-19 Disparities

Abstract Epidemiology of the US coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak focuses on individuals’ biology and behaviors, despite centrality of occupational environments in the viral spread. This demonstrates collusion between epidemiology and racial capitalism because it obscures structural influences, absolving industries of responsibility for worker safety. In an empirical example, we analyzed economic implications of race-based metrics widely used in occupational epidemiology. In the United States, White adults have better average lung function and worse hearing than Black adults. Impaired lung function and impaired hearing are both criteria for workers’ compensation claims, which are ultimately paid by industry. Compensation for respiratory injury is determined using a race-specific algorithm. For hearing, there is no race adjustment. Selective use of race-specific algorithms for workers’ compensation reduces industries’ liability for worker health, illustrating racial capitalism operating within public health. Widespread and unexamined belief in inherent physiological inferiority of Black Americans perpetuates systems that limit industry payouts for workplace injuries. We see a parallel in the epidemiology of COVID-19 disparities. We tell stories of industries implicated in the outbreak and review how they exemplify racial capitalism. We call on public health professionals to critically evaluate who is served and neglected by data analysis and to center structural determinants of health in etiological evaluation.
T-DNA tagging in Medicago truncatula

Symbiotic interaction between rhizobia and leguminous plants leads to the formation of N 2 -fixing root nodules. This interaction shows a high degree of host specificity based on the exchange of chemical signals between the symbiotic partners. Although much is known about the bacterial genes required for the establishment of this interaction, less is known about the plant genes involved. Symbiotic plant mutants serve as a tool to identify genes involved in nodulation and to study their function. However, the isolation of the affected gene(s) found in natural populations or induced by 'classical' methods like EMS treatment or irradiation is difficult, and so far only few of such genetically identified genes resulting in a mutant phenotype have been isolated. Problems to isolate a mutated gene can be overcome by the use of T-DNA as a mutagen, because the known nucleotide sequence of the T-DNA can serve as a starting point for the identification of the flanking sequences. T-DNA tagging not only facilitates the cloning of new genes, but at the same time provides insight in the function of the identified genes. In addition, when the T-DNA tag contains a promoter-less reporter gene transcriptional and translational gene fusions may provide new marker genes for the different stages of nodule development. The aim of the thesis work was to assess the possibilities of T-DNA tagging as a tool to discover M. truncatula genes involved in symbiosis and to study their function. For this, a T-DNA insertion mutagenized M. truncatula population was produced and screened for GUS staining patterns and mutant phenotypes. Nineteen out of 187 lines showed GUS staining in the roots or the nodules and one line showed, in addition to the GUS staining, a dwarf phenotype. The isolation and characterization of the T-DNA flanking regions of a selection of the GUS expressing lines showed that in two lines the T-DNAs had inserted in the ORF of a Narf -like gene (causing the dwarf phenotype in homozygous knock-outs) and in the ORF of a MtN3 -like gene (probably causing letality), respectively. T-DNA tagging thus can be used as a tool for the discovery of genes or the production of new markers in M.truncatula
Voluntary pursuit of negatively valenced stimuli from childhood to early adulthood.

Although common sense suggests that we are motivated to pursue positive and avoid negative experiences, previous research shows that people regularly seek out negative experiences. In the current study, we characterized this tendency from childhood to young adulthood. Due to the known increases in risky behavior and sensation seeking in adolescence, we hypothesized that adolescents would show an increased engagement with negatively valenced stimuli compared to children and adults. Participants aged 4-25 (N=192) completed a behavioral task assessing motivation to engage with negative, positive, and neutral images. On each trial, participants viewed two small images and selected one to view at a larger size for up to 10s. Trials were organized into three valence conditions: negative versus positive images (matched on arousal), negative versus neutral images, and positive versus neutral images. Although participants chose positive images more than neutral or negative images, participants selected negative images frequently, even when given a positive (28% of trials) or neutral (42% of trials) alternative. Contrary to expectations, the tendency to choose negative images was highest in early childhood and decreased linearly with increasing age, and the tendency to choose positive images increased linearly with age. These results provide insight into how motivation to engage with emotional stimuli varies across age. It is possible that the novelty and rarity of negative experiences drives children to pursue these stimuli. Alternatively, children may find negative images less aversive, which would caution against assuming that these stimuli elicit the same motivational states in individuals of all ages.
Enalapril and treadmill running reduce adiposity, but only the latter causes adipose tissue browning in mice

This study investigated whether regulation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) by enalapril and/or aerobic exercise training (AET) causes browning of the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard chow or a high‐fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks. At Week 8, HF‐fed animals were divided into sedentary (HF), enalapril (HF‐E), AET (HF‐T), and enalapril plus AET (HF‐ET) groups. Subsequently, sWAT was extracted for morphometry, determination of RAS expression, and biomarkers of WAT browning. The HF group displayed adipocyte hypertrophy and induction of the classical RAS axis. Conversely, all interventions reduced adiposity and induced the counterregulatory RAS axis. However, only AET raised plasma irisin, increased peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α, and uncoupling protein‐1 levels, and the expression of PR‐domain containing 16 in sWAT. Therefore, we concluded that AET‐induced sWAT browning was independent of the counterregulatory axis shifting of RAS in HF diet‐induced obesity.
The impact of historical and recent factors on genetic variability in a mountain frog: the case of Rana iberica (Anura: Ranidae)

Rana iberica is an Iberian endemic with populations mainly distributed in northwestern Iberia, but with scattered populations along the Sistema Central in central Spain. These latter populations inhabit mostly mountain areas and are endangered due to habitat loss and fragmentation. At present, no information about genetic variability and gene flow patterns between populations is available and, consequently, it is unknown to what extent geographical fragmentation might have caused restrictions to gene flow. We used six microsatellite loci to characterise genetic variability in R. iberica populations from the Sistema Central. We analysed samples of 142 specimens from 15 populations in this region and another two from additional locations in the Iberian Peninsula. The number of alleles per locus observed ranged from four to 15. Allelic richness, percentage of private alleles and gene diversity was significantly lower in populations from the Sistema Central, where inbreeding coefficients were relatively high. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and estimated FST values indicated the existence of genetic substructuring within this region and suggested the existence of restrictions to gene flow in geographically close populations. Low heterozygosities and a trend towards lower values of genetic variability from western to eastern populations within the Sistema Central suggest that R. iberica has colonised this region recently. We hypothesise that the observed pattern is due to the interaction of both historical (reduced genetic variability in peripheral populations) and present‐day (anthropogenic habitat loss) factors that confirm the vulnerable status of populations of R. iberica in central Spain and point to the need for adopting measures directed towards the preservation of existing habitat.