Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Functional Characteristics of a New Phenotype of SMA Type I among a National Sample of Spanish Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) type I has classically presented extremely severe clinical features. New pharmacological treatments have led to a new phenotype of SMA. The aim of this study was to describe the current health and functional status of children with SMA. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the STROBE guidelines. Patient questionnaires and standardized tools were used. A descriptive analysis was conducted establishing the proportions of subjects for each of the characteristics of interest. In total, 51 genetically confirmed SMA type I subjects were included. Fifty-seven percent received oral feeding, 33% received tube feeding and 10% combined both. Moreover, 21.6% had tracheostomies, and 9.8% needed more than 16 h/d ventilatory support. Regarding orthopedic status, 66.7% had scoliosis, and 68.6% had hip subluxation or dislocation. Up to 67% were able to sit independently, 23.5% walked with support and one child walked independently. Current SMA type I is a different entity from the classic phenotype but also from types II and III. In addition, no differences were found between SMA type I subgroups. These findings may enable the professionals involved in the care of these patients to improve their interventions in terms of prevention and rehabilitation measures for these children.
Diffuse Cluster Radio Sources

Diffuse radio sources in clusters remain a poorly understood phenomenon. They are very extended sources (0.4-0.6 Mpc), of low surface brightness and steep spectrum, which cannot be identified with any active radio galaxy. They are a rare phenomenon, as they have been found so far in few clusters of galaxies. This paper reviews the current findings about this kind of sources, and the suggestions about their formation and evolution.
Roles, Values, and Qualifications in Transition: An Initial Data Snapshot of Post- secondary Journalism Educators in Canada and Their Perspectives on Where Journalism is Going

Through participation in a 2021 global survey of journalism educators, we sought to understand Canadian educators’ academic and professional qualifications, their notions of how their roles should change, their perspectives on the future roles and values of journalists, and their alignment with instructors in Europe. Canadian study participants indicated that monitorial journalism, emphasizing verifiable reporting and civic functions, should become more important, along with journalism focusing on members of the audience as citizens, rather than consumers
Effect of free range rearing on growth and meat quality of three different local chicken’s phenotypes

The present study was undertaken in order to evaluate the growth performances and meat quality of three indigenous chickens phenotypes reared under extensive conditions in the region of Chlef in Algeria. A week after hatching, 3 random groups of 35 chicks from each phenotype; normal plumage free-range chicken (NPFRC), crested free-range chicken (CFRC) and naked neck free-range chicken (NNFRC) were chosen and reared in free-range conditions for 18 weeks. The highest growth performance was shown by the crested free-range chicken (CFRC). In terms of meat quality, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that crested phenotype (CFRC) showed the best nutritional qualities especially proteins and moisture. The discriminant analysis revealed that CFRC and NNFRC were better in terms of tenderness and overall acceptability. As consequence of these very interesting qualities, these local breeds should be considered for extensive production in order to provide a good quality meat, while assuring their preservation
Highly accurate solutions of the bifurcation structure of mixed‐convection heat transfer using spectral method

This paper is concerned with producing highly accurate solution and bifurcation structure using the pseudo‐spectral method for the two‐dimensional pressure‐driven flow through a horizontal duct of a square cross‐section that is heated by a uniform flux in the axial direction with a uniform temperature on the periphery. Two approaches are presented. In one approach, the streamwise vorticity, streamwise momentum and energy equations are solved for the stream function, axial velocity, and temperature. In the second approach, the streamwise vorticity and a combination of the energy and momentum equations are solved for stream function and temperature only. While the second approach solves less number of equations than the first approach, a grid sensitivity analysis has shown no distinct advantage of one method over the other. The overall solution structure composed of two symmetric and four asymmetric branches in the range of Grashof number (Gr) of 0–2 × 106 for a Prandtl number (Pr) of 0.73 has been computed using the first approach. The computed structure is comparable to that found by Nandakumar and Weinitschke (1991) using a finite difference scheme for Grashof numbers in the range of 0–1×106. The stability properties of some solution branches; however, are different. In particular, the two‐cell structure of the isolated symmetric branch that has been found to be unstable by the study of Nandakumar and Weinitschke is found to be stable by the current study. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Herzog-Schönheim Conjecture for Finite Nilpotent Groups

Abstract The purpose of this note is to prove the Herzog-Schônheim [3] conjecture for finite nilpotent groups. This conjecture states that any nontrivial partition of a group into cosets must contain two cosets of the same index (Corollary IV below). See Porubský [4, Section 8] for a perspective on coset partitions.
ADP-Based Attitude-Tracking Control With Prescribed Performance for Hypersonic Vehicles

This article proposes an observer-based adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) approach to handle the optimal attitude-tracking control tasks for hypersonic vehicles with prescribed performance constraints. Herein, the biggest challenge is how to design an optimal attitude-tracking controller that could balance performance constraints and optimization capabilities in the presence of partially unknown dynamics and actuator saturation. To this end, the transformation function is designed to convert the constrained tracking error into the equivalent unconstrained one. After that, a constraint-aware neural network-based observer is proposed to estimate the future tracking error information required by the optimal controller, which avoids the requirement of the prior nonlinear dynamics knowledge, and its estimation errors are compensated through online feedback. Taking the estimated future attitude-tracking error into account, the critic-only ADP approach is designed via the value iteration to achieve the near-optimal control strategy for equivalent systems with a simplified, optimized control structure. Furthermore, a novel experience replay-driven weight updating law is provided to circumvent the conventional persistent excitation condition with an online-verification condition, and the algorithm convergence and closed-loop stability are discussed with the help of the Lyapunov technique and induction. Finally, a comprehensive simulation of an attitude-tracking control system for hypersonic vehicles is provided to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach.
Cognitive Test Solution in Mice with Different Brain Weights after Atomoxetine

In this paper, the data are presented concerning different reactions to seven daily injections of atomoxetine in two mouse strains differing in relative brain weight. Atomoxetine affected the performance in a puzzle-box cognitive test in a complicated way—the large brain mice were less successful at task solutions (presumably because they were not afraid of the brightly lit test box), while the small brain strain of atomoxetine treated mice solved the task more successfully. The behavior of all atomoxetine treated animals was more active in an aversive situation (an unescapable slippery funnel, (analogous to the Porsolt test) and the time of immobility decreased significantly in all atomoxetine treated mice. The general patterns of behavioral reactions to atomoxetine in the cognitive test and other interstrain differences demonstrated in these experiments made it possible to suggest that differences in ascending noradrenergic projections between the two strains used exist. Further analysis of the noradrenergic system in these strains is needed (and further analysis of the effects of drugs which affect noradrenergic receptors).
On the Technological Acceptance of Moodle by Higher Education Faculty—A Nationwide Study Based on UTAUT2

Moodle is an open-source learning management system that is widely used today, especially in higher education settings. Although its technological acceptance by undergraduate students has been extensively studied in the past, very little is known about its acceptance by university professors. In particular, as far as we know, the literature contains no previous experiences related to South American teachers. This paper aims to bridge this gap by quantifying and analyzing the drivers of Moodle’s technological acceptance among Ecuadorian academic staff. Considering the responses of 538 teachers and taking a modified UTAUT2 model as a theoretical basis, we found that Ecuadorian teachers have high levels of acceptance of Moodle, regardless of their age, gender, ethnicity, or discipline. However, this acceptance is significantly higher in teachers with high levels of education and with considerable previous experience with e-learning systems. The main determinants of this acceptance are attitude strength, effort expectancy, performance expectancy, and facilitating conditions. We found no moderating effects in relation to the age, gender, or previous experience of the participants (including second- and third-order interactions derived from these variables). We conclude that, albeit moderately (e.g., adjusted R2=0.588), the model tested confirms the predictive power of the part of UTAUT2 that was inherited from UTAUT.
Investigation of Polyphenolic Compounds in Different Varieties of Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa

The purpose of this work was to study the qualitative and quantitative composition of the main groups of biologically active substances in the fresh fruits of five different varieties of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot), carried out within the framework of the search for available and cost-effective raw materials for food product fortification. Samples of aronia chokeberry were grown at the Federal Scientific Center named after I.V. Michurin in the Tambov region of Russia. Using a modern chemical–analytical methodology, the contents and profiles of anthocyanin pigments, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, organic acids (malic, quinic, succinic, and citric), monosaccharides, disaccharides, and sorbitol were determined in detail. Based on the results of the study, the most promising varieties were determined in terms of the content of the main biologically active substances.
Control-Oriented Electrochemical Model and Parameter Estimation for an All-Copper Redox Flow Battery

Redox flow batteries are an emergent technology in the field of energy storage for power grids with high renewable generator penetration. The copper redox flow battery (CuRFB) could play a significant role in the future of electrochemical energy storage systems due to the numerous advantages of its all-copper chemistry. Furthermore, like the more mature vanadium RFB technology, CuRFBs have the ability to independently scale power and capacity while displaying very fast response times that make the technology attractive for a variety of grid-supporting applications. As with most batteries, the efficient operation of a CuRFB is dependent on high-quality control of both the charging and discharging process. In RFBs, this is typically complicated by highly nonlinear behaviour, particularly at either extreme of the state of charge. Therefore, the focus of this paper is the development and validation of a first-principle, control-appropriate model of the CuRFBs electrochemistry that includes the impact of the flow, charging current, and capacity fading due to diffusion and subsequent comproportionation. Parameters for the proposed model are identified using a genetic algorithm, and the proposed model is validated along with its identified parameters using data obtained from a single-cell CuRFB flow battery as well as a simpler diffusion cell design. The proposed model yields good qualitative fits to experimental data and physically plausible concentration estimates and appears able to quantify the long-term state of health due to changes in the diffusion coefficient
Optimization of Bead Geometry during Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Using Grey Relational and Finite Element Analysis

Mild steel welded products are widely used for their excellent ductility. Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is a high-quality, pollution-free welding process suitable for a base part thickness greater than 3 mm. Fabricating mild steel products with an optimized welding process, material properties, and parameters is important to achieve better weld quality and minimum stresses/distortion. This study uses the finite element method to analyze the temperature and thermal stress fields during TIG welding for optimum bead geometry. The bead geometry was optimized using grey relational analysis by considering the flow rate, welding current, and gap distance. The welding current was the most influential factor affecting the performance measures, followed by the gas flow rate. The effect of welding parameters, such as welding voltage, efficiency, and speed on the temperature field and thermal stress were also numerically investigated. The maximum temperature and thermal stress induced in the weld part were 2083.63 °C and 424 MPa, respectively, for the given heat flux of 0.62 × 106 W/m2. Results showed that the temperature increases with the voltage and efficiency of the weld joint but decreases with an increase in welding speed.
Secrecy Energy Efficiency for Distributed-IRSs Assisted Uplink Networks

In this correspondence, we aim at achieving the energy-efficient secrecy transmission for an uplink network assisted by distributed intelligent reflecting surfaces (D-IRSs). The secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) maximization problem is investigated through jointly optimizing the discrete reflecting phase shifts, the transmit power, and the IRS switching status. To handle this non-convex problem, we decompose it into three subproblems, and then the majorization-minimization based algorithm, the Dinkelbach method and the Lagrangian dual method are adopted to obtain the solutions of reflecting phase shifts, transmit power and IRS switching status, respectively. The subproblems are alternatively optimized based on the iterative algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the SEE compared to the centralized IRS, especially when the eavesdropping channel is stronger.
Overcoming the IOTLB wall for multi-100-Gbps Linux-based networking

This article explores opportunities to mitigate the performance impact of IOMMU on high-speed network traffic, as used in the Linux kernel. We first characterize IOTLB behavior and its effects on recent Intel Xeon Scalable & AMD EPYC processors at 200 Gbps, by analyzing the impact of different factors contributing to IOTLB misses and causing throughput drop (up to 20% compared to the no-IOMMU case in our experiments). Secondly, we discuss and analyze possible mitigations, including proposals and evaluation of a practical hugepage-aware memory allocator for the network device drivers to employ hugepage IOTLB entries in the Linux kernel. Our evaluation shows that using hugepage-backed buffers can completely recover the throughput drop introduced by IOMMU. Moreover, we formulate a set of guidelines that enable network developers to tune their systems to avoid the “IOTLB wall”, i.e., the point where excessive IOTLB misses cause throughput drop. Our takeaways signify the importance of having a call to arms to rethink Linux-based I/O management at higher data rates.
A Flexible Sensor with Excellent Environmental Stability Using Well-Designed Encapsulation Structure

The hydrogel-based sensors suffer from poor stability and low sensitivity, severely limiting their further development. It is still “a black box” to understand the effect of the encapsulation as well as the electrode on the performance of the hydrogel-based sensors. To address these problems, we prepared an adhesive hydrogel that could robustly adhere to Ecoflex (adhesive strength is 4.7 kPa) as an encapsulation layer and proposed a rational encapsulation model that fully encapsulated the hydrogel within Ecoflex. Owing to the excellent barrier and resilience of Ecoflex, the encapsulated hydrogel-based sensor can still work normally after 30 days, displaying excellent long-term stability. In addition, we performed theoretical and simulation analyses on the contact state between the hydrogel and the electrode. It was surprising to find that the contact state significantly affects the sensitivity of the hydrogel sensors (the maximum difference in sensitivity was 333.6%), indicating that the reasonable design of the encapsulation and electrode are indispensable parts for fabricating successful hydrogel sensors. Therefore, we paved the way for a novel insight to optimize the properties of the hydrogel sensors, which is greatly favorable to developing hydrogel-based sensors to be applied in various fields.
Many Unions, One Estimate? Disaggregating the Currency Union Effect on Trade

ABSTRACT A large literature estimates the impact of currency unions on trade. Often ignored in these estimates are the dramatic differences in the characteristics of countries adopting common currencies, hidden by aggregation into a single currency union effect. I show that currency unions have substantial differences in their observable characteristics, relative to non-unions, making them a poor comparison group for estimation of policy treatment. Further, these differences are heterogeneous across individual currency unions, making one aggregate estimate likely inappropriate. Using inverse propensity score methods, I find that adjusting these gravity equation estimates to account these differences, both via weighting and via sample adjustment, meaningfully impacts the estimated policy effects. I find a wide range of currency union effects across individual, disaggregated, currency unions. My results suggest that future work on currency unions, and other macroeconomic policies, should be careful to check for such underlying heterogeneity when estimating policy effects.
Religious coping and depressive symptoms in people living with HIV in Ghana

ABSTRACT People living with HIV (PLHIV) experience adverse psychological outcomes including depressive symptoms. This study examined the association between religious coping (Brief RCOPE) and depressive symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS-D]) among 138 PLHIV in Ghana. The results indicated that 125 (90.6%) and 50 (36.2%) respondents reported using positive religious coping and experienced depressive symptoms respectively. A negative relationship (r = −.209, n = 138, p<.05) between positive religious coping and depressive symptoms was observed. Negative religious coping was found to positively associate (r = .025, n = 138, p>.05) with depressive symptoms. Thus, positive religious coping was associated with less depressive symptoms compared to negative religious coping. The study highlights the putative contributions of religious coping to the mental health outcomes of PLHIV in Ghana. Additionally, this study accentuates the clinical relevance of assessing depressive symptoms, promoting positive religious coping strategies, and designing culturally targeted interventions for PLHIV.
A closer looking at dimming and brightening in China during 1961-2005

Abstract. This study investigates dimming and brightening of surface solar radiation (SSR) during 1961–2005 in China as well as its relationships to total cloud cover (TCC). This is inferred from daily ground-based observational records at 45 pyranometer stations. A statistical method is introduced to study contributions of changes in the frequency of TCC categories and their atmospheric transparency to the secular SSR trend. The surface records suggest a renewed dimming beyond 2000 in North China after the stabilization in the 1990s; however, a slight brightening appears beyond 2000 in South China. Inter-annual variability of SSR is negatively correlated with that of TCC, but there is a positive correlation between decadal variability of SSR and TCC in most cases. The dimming during 1961–1990 is exclusively attributable to decreased atmospheric transparency, a portion of which is offset by TCC frequency changes in Northeast and Southwest China. The dimming during 1961–1990 in Northwest and Southeast China primarily results from decreased atmospheric transparency under all sky conditions and the percentage of dimming stemming from TCC frequency changes is 11% in Northwest and 2% in Southeast China. Decreased atmospheric transparencies during 1991–2005 in North China in most cases lead to the dimming. TCC frequency changes also contribute to the dimming during this period in North China. This feature is more pronounced in summer and winter when TCC frequency changes can account for more than 80% of dimming. In South China, increased atmospheric transparencies lead to the brightening during 1991–2005. A substantial contribution by TCC frequency changes to the brightening is also evident in spring and autumn.
Shapes of prisms after repeated random division

The shape of a rectangular prism in (d + 1) dimensions can be described by d quantities. In this talk, using a definition of shape which involves the ratios of edge lengths, we investigate shape distributions which are invariant when the prism is cut into two, also rectangular, prisms, with one prism retained for measurement and the other discarded. Interesting new distributions on [0, l]d arise.
Analysis of Student Communication Skills in STEM Learning Using Engineering Design Process

Education in the current era of globalization requires schools to be able to create students to have the skills to face the challenges of the 21st century. This effort is in accordance with the objectives of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)-based learning which is directed to stimulate students in applying concepts from various disciplines. This study was conducted to analyze students' communication skills in STEM learning using an engineering design process approach. The study involved seven junior high school students as participants, who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The students accomplished STEM design-based learning through a "Rube Goldberg Machine" project. Data were collected by observation, interview, and documentation methods. Analysis of the research results using a thematic analysis approach is directed to understand students' communication skills in STEM learning. The results showed that students' communication skills were clearly exhibited at each stage of the engineering design process in STEM learning. This research is expected to be a reference in developing students' communication skills in EDP-based STEM learning.