Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental Health and Work Attitudes among People Resuming Work during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in China

The unprecedented outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused an economic downturn and increased the unemployment rate in China. In this context, employees face health and social economic stressors. To assess their mental health (i.e., anxiety, depression, insomnia and somatization) and work attitudes (i.e., work engagement, job satisfaction and turnover intention) as well as the associated factors, we conducted a cross-sectional study among people who resumed work after the Spring Festival holiday during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that the prevalence of anxiety, depression, insomnia and somatization among these people was 12.7%, 13.5%, 20.7% and 6.6%, respectively. The major risk factor for mental health was worrying about unemployment, and the main protective factors were psychological strengths (i.e., resilience and optimism). Regarding work attitudes, the percentage of people who felt more satisfied with their job (43.8%) was larger than that of those who felt less satisfied (26.9%), while the percentage of people who thought about quitting their job more frequently (15.7%) was smaller than that of those who considered it less frequently (63.2%). However, work engagement was lower than usual. Similar to the factors associated with mental health, the major risk factor for work attitudes was also worrying about unemployment, and the main protective factors were resilience and optimism. In addition, the nature of the organization, job status, age, position and income changes were also related to these work attitudes. Our findings shed light on the need for organization administrators to be aware of the status of and factors associated with employees’ mental health and work attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policies or interventions could be developed based on our findings.
Uptake of referrals for women with positive perinatal depression screening results and the effectiveness of interventions to increase uptake: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Aims Perinatal depression threatens the health of maternal women and their offspring. Although screening programs for perinatal depression exist, non-uptake of referral to further mental health care after screening reduces the utility of these programs. Uptake rates among women with positive screening varied widely across studies and little is known about how to improve the uptake rate. This study aimed to systematically review the available evidence on uptake rates, estimate the pooled rate, identify interventions to improve uptake of referral and explore the effectiveness of those interventions. Methods This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42019138095). We searched Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang Database and VIP Databases from database inception to January 13, 2019 and scanned reference lists of relevant researches for studies published in English or Chinese. Studies providing information on uptake rate and/or effectiveness of interventions on uptake of referral were eligible for inclusion. Studies were excluded if they did not report the details of the referral process or did not provide exact uptake rate. Data provided by observational studies and quasi-experimental studies were used to estimate the pooled uptake rate through meta-analysis. We also performed meta-regression and subgroup analyses to explore the potential source of heterogeneity. To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions, we conducted descriptive analyses instead of meta-analyses since there was only one randomised controlled trial (RCT). Results Of 2302 records identified, 41 studies were eligible for inclusion, including 39 observational studies (n = 9337), one quasi-experimental study (n = 43) and one RCT (n = 555). All but two studies were conducted in high-income countries. The uptake rates reported by included studies varied widely and the pooled uptake rate of referral was 43% (95% confidence intervals [CI] 35–50%) by a random-effect model. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses both showed that referral to on-site assessment or treatment (60%, 95% CI 51–69%) had a significantly higher uptake rate than referral to mental health service (32%, 95% CI 23–41%) (odds ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.13–1.52). The included RCT showed that the referral intervention significantly improved the uptake rate (p ＜ 0.01). Conclusions Almost three-fifths of women with positive screening results do not take up the referral offers after perinatal depression screening. Referral to on-site assessment and treatment may improve uptake of referral, but the quality of evidence on interventions to increase uptake was weak. More robust studies are needed, especially in low-and middle-income countries.
The Influence of Racial Differences in the Demand for Healthcare in South Africa: A Case of Public Healthcare

The study sought to analyse the influence of racial differences in the demand for public healthcare in South Africa, using the 2018 General Household Survey (GHS) data. This was completed to understand if race still plays a role in access to healthcare in post-apartheid South Africa. Logistic regression analysis revealed that race significantly explained the variance in demand for public healthcare, with White populations having the lowest probability of demand for public healthcare compared to other races. Consequently, the study noted that racial differences still play a critical role in affording one access to healthcare after assessing the situation obtaining in public healthcare. Therefore, the study recommends that the government of South Africa should create policies that encourage equal access to basic services in addressing racial inequality in the country.
Skin structure and hair morphology of different body parts in the Common Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)

The bat skin shows an unusual morphology that corresponds to adaptations to flying but also performs multiple functions like thermoregulation; gas exchange and water control and provides a protective barrier against the impact of environment and parasites. Here, we compare the microscopic structure of skin collected from the wing and tail membrane with other body parts in the Common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)in relation to parasite availability. Statistical analysis of whole skin thickness revealed two main groups of body regions: the first with thin skin (wing membrane and tail membrane) and the second with thick skin (abdomen, footpad, head and dorsum), with thickness differing significantly between these groups. The stratum corneum of the footpad was thicker than that found in other body regions. We also focus on the distribution of hairs and mast cells in the bat skin as well as their scale morphology. Furthermore, we established a new exact method of hair density evaluation in bats. We found that the density of hairs in the dorsal and ventral area was similar but it was significantly higher in the head region. The highest density of hair in the area between the ears may be a factor in choosing the preferential location by parasites. The scale morphology was found variable along axis. In the first to fourth sections of a hair, the scales were long and narrow and their upper margin was wider than their lower margin. In the fifth section of a hair, the scales were smaller and square in transverse section. On other hand, hair morphology did not varied between body regions. Mast cells were numerous in the hairy areas of the dorsum and abdomen or wing trabeculae. These were mainly located around vessels and hair follicles in the skin, which are easily accessible to ectoparasites; therefore, the accumulation of mast cells is essential in this area.
Application of Recombined Milk to Produce Crescenza-Type Cheese in Laboratory-Scale Cheesemaking: Implications on Technology and Sensory Properties

This work evaluated the effect of recombined skimmed milk (RM), mixed in different ratios (40, 60, and 100%) with fresh cow milk, on the processing technology and quality of Crescenza, an industrial soft cheese of the Italian dairy tradition. Crescenza-type cheeses were produced at a laboratory scale, following the industrial process. Control cheese consisted of Crescenza-type cheese produced with 100% whole fresh milk. Compared to control cheese, the substitution of fresh milk with 60–100% of RM deteriorated the coagulation properties and led to a higher moisture retention, whereas, with 40% of RM, the differences were not statistically significant. Cheeses produced with any concentration of RM, although of acceptable quality, differed significantly in terms of sensory properties from control cheese. The addition of colloidal calcium phosphate, or CaCl2 together with a reduction in the size of the curd at cutting, minimized the differences in composition and sensory properties between cheeses produced with 40% RM and control cheese. This study suggested the applicability of 40% RM to obtain Crescenza-type cheese with suitable quality characteristics. The type of product, the technology, the quality, and quantity of the powders are all key factors to be taken into account for a successful application.
The North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Consensus Guidelines for Surveillance and Medical Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Abstract This article is the result of the North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society consensus conference on the medical management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from July 19 to 20, 2018. The guidelines panel consisted of medical oncologists, pathologists, gastroenterologists, endocrinologists, and radiologists. The panel reviewed a series of questions regarding the medical management of patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors as well as questions regarding surveillance after resection. The available literature was reviewed for each of the question and panel members voted on controversial topics, and the recommendations were included in a document circulated to all panel members for a final approval.
Effect of media on growth and development of acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) seedling with or without Azotobacter

This present investigation was carried out at the Fruits Research Farm, College of Horticulture and Forestry Jhalarapatan, Jhalawar during the year 2010. In this experiment, freshly extracted acid lime seeds were sown into different media with or with out Azotobacter to study their effect on growth and development acid lime seedlings. The results indicated that the medium combination soil + sand + vermicompost + vermiculite + cocopeat (1:1:1:1:1) with Azotobacter had given significantly better result among different combinations. Under this treatment, the height of seedling (13.75 cm), number of leaves per seedling (22.46), diameter of stem (3.35 mm), fresh weight (2.77 g) and dry weight of seedling (1.18 g) were recorded significantly superior over other treatments used. Further it was also found superior with relation to length of longest tap root (19.76 cm), diameter of tap root (2.95 mm), number of secondary roots (40.66), root/shoot ratio (2.57), nitrogen content in leaf (1.86%), chlorophyll content in leaf (5.44 mg/g) and leaf area of seedlings (1.43 cm2). Key words: Azotobater, media, acid lime seedling, vermicompost.
Distinction between Salmonella and Arizona by Leifson's Sodium Malonate Medium.

A sodium malonate medium was used by Leifson (1953) for separating Escherichia c s i from Aerobacter aerogenes. Later Schaub (1948) found that her subgroup C of Group 11 paracolon bacilli (similar to organisms described by Peluffo, Edwards, and Bruner (1942), Edwards, Cherry, and Bruner (1943) and Hinshaw and McNeil (1945)) could be distinguished from Salmonella species by a sodium malonate test, slow lactose fermentation, and delayed liquefaction of gelatin, Using Leifson's sodium malonate medium as one of the routine biochemical tests on members of the Enterobacteriaceae, phenylalanine was added for the detection of Proteus and Providence strains (Shaw and Clarke, 1955) and our results agreed with those of Schaub. The presence of phenylalanine did not affect the reading of the malonate test. -
Optimal Asset Allocation with Multivariate Bayesian Dynamic Linear Models

We introduce a fast, closed-form, simulation-free method to model and forecast multiple asset returns and employ it to investigate the optimal ensemble of features to include when jointly predicting monthly stock and bond excess returns. Our approach builds on the Bayesian dynamic linear models of West and Harrison (Bayesian Forecasting and Dynamic Models (1997) Springer), and it can objectively determine, through a fully automated procedure, both the optimal set of regressors to include in the predictive system and the degree to which the model coefficients, volatilities and covariances should vary over time. When applied to a portfolio of five stock and bond returns, we find that our method leads to large forecast gains, both in statistical and economic terms. In particular, we find that relative to a standard no-predictability benchmark, the optimal combination of predictors, stochastic volatility and time-varying covariances increases the annualized certainty equivalent returns of a leverage-constrained power utility investor by more than 500 basis points.
Cardiovascular Risk Behavior Amongst Adolescents of Lekhnath Muncipality of Kaski district, Nepal

Background: Life style related behavioral risk factors are mainly implicated for increase burden of cardiovascular diseases. Research related to these risk behaviors especially among adolescents is essential considering their role as future citizens of the country.Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the burden of cardiovascular risk behavior amongst the adolescents of Kaski district, Lekhnath Nepal.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among the adolescents of Lekhnath Muncipality Kaski District. Total 350 participants from five different schools from Lekhnath Muncipality took part in the study and the sampling technique was simple random method by using a random number table. Self administered questionnaires were used to collect information on identification of risk behaviors.Results: Descriptive statistics and Chi square test were computed. Out of 350 adolescents 175 males and remaining 175 females were interviewed. Alcohol and tobacco consumption were more amongst males whereas fast food and soft drinks were more amongst the females. Nearly 40% of the adolescents were not involved in physical activity. Tobacco and alcohol consumption was 26% and 16% respectively, which was higher amongst the late adolescents group studying in the 11th and 12th standard. In this study fruits and vegetables consumption was very less only 42% whereas soft drinks and fast food consumption was more 83% which shows that the adolescents are not aware about their food habits. Some participants did not consume fruits due to low purchasing power to buy fruits. Adolescence is a period of experimentation and so some participants told that they have just started taking alcohol and also started consuming tobacco for fun and were not aware that it was cardiovascular risk behavior.Conclusions: The adolescents had a high burden of cardiovascular risk behavior and if immediate intervention is not done to reduce these high risk behaviors many may be vulnerable to cardio vascular diseases in the future. J-GMC-N | Volume 11 | Issue 01 | January-June 2018, Page: 10-13
COVID-19: Coagulopathy, Risk of Thrombosis, and the Rationale for Anticoagulation

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response that can lead to severe manifestations such as adult respiratory syndrome, sepsis, coagulopathy, and death in a proportion of patients. Among other factors and direct viral effects, the increase in the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II, the decrease in the vasodilator angiotensin, and the sepsis-induced release of cytokines can trigger a coagulopathy in COVID-19. A coagulopathy has been reported in up to 50% of patients with severe COVID-19 manifestations. An increase in d-dimer is the most significant change in coagulation parameters in severe COVID-19 patients, and progressively increasing values can be used as a prognostic parameter indicating a worse outcome. Limited data suggest a high incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in up to 40% of patients, despite the use of a standard dose of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in most cases. In addition, pulmonary microvascular thrombosis has been reported and may play a role in progressive lung failure. Prophylactic LMWH has been recommended by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) and the American Society of Hematology (ASH), but the best effective dosage is uncertain. Adapted to the individual risk of thrombosis and the d-dimer value, higher doses can be considered, especially since bleeding events in COVID-19 are rare. Besides the anticoagulant effect of LMWH, nonanticoagulant properties such as the reduction in interleukin 6 release have been shown to improve the complex picture of coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19.
Reduction of Protein Bound Methionine Sulfoxide by a Periplasmic Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reductase

In proteins, methionine (Met) can be oxidized into Met sulfoxide (MetO). The ubiquitous methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msr) A and B are thiol-oxidoreductases reducing MetO. Reversible Met oxidation has a wide range of consequences, from protection against oxidative stress to fine-tuned regulation of protein functions. Bacteria distinguish themselves by the production of molybdenum-containing enzymes reducing MetO, such as the periplasmic MsrP which protects proteins during acute oxidative stress. The versatile dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) reductases were shown to reduce the free amino acid MetO, but their ability to reduce MetO within proteins was never evaluated. Here, using model oxidized proteins and peptides, enzymatic and mass spectrometry approaches, we showed that the Rhodobacter sphaeroides periplasmic DorA-type DMSO reductase reduces protein bound MetO as efficiently as the free amino acid L-MetO and with catalytic values in the range of those described for the canonical Msrs. The identification of this fourth type of enzyme able to reduce MetO in proteins, conserved across proteobacteria and actinobacteria, suggests that organisms employ enzymatic systems yet undiscovered to regulate protein oxidation states.
Pain outcomes following mastectomy or bilateral breast reduction for transgender and nontransgender patients who received pectoralis nerve blocks

Pain following mastectomy and breast reduction surgery is significant and leads to longer hospital length of stay and higher hospital costs, as well as chronic pain syndromes. While the majority of research has focused on female patients undergoing mastectomy or breast reduction for neoplasm or non-transgender surgery, a growing population of patients includes the transgender patient population, from whom there is minimal data regarding pain control. Females seem to be at higher risk for developing severe pain in the post-operative period and report higher post- operative pain scores in the literature.
Life history of aggression in Anastatus disparis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) with extreme male–male combat

Abstract Aggressive behaviour is common in animals and typically has lifetime consequences. As younger males have higher residual reproductive value than older males and lose more from injuries than older males do, the propensity for fighting tends to increase with age in many empirical reports and species. However, fighting patterns in those empirical reports cannot confirm the hypothesis that individuals cannot readily inflict injuries on their opponents. To address this shortcoming, a parasitoid wasp species, Anastatus disparis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), was used as an experimental model to explore the characteristics of aggression from a life-history perspective; this wasp exhibits extreme fighting, resulting in contestants experiencing injury and death. Results showed that the energetic costs of fighting to injury significantly shortened life and caused the loss of most mating ability. Inconsistent with general predictions, the frequency and intensity of fighting in A. disparis significantly decreased with male age. Further study results showed significantly more young males were received by and successfully mated with virgin females, and most genes related to energy metabolism were downregulated in aged males. Our study provided supporting evidence that young A. disparis males show more aggression likely because of their resource holding potential and sexual attractiveness decline with age.
Protective effect of smoking cessation on subsequent myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke independent of weight gain: A nationwide cohort study

Smoking cessation reduces the cardiovascular risk but increases body weight. We investigated the risk of subsequent myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke according to weight gain after smoking cessation, using a nationwide population based cohort. We enrolled 3,797,572 Korean adults aged over 40 years who participated in national health screenings between 2009 and 2010. Subjects who quit smoking were classified into three subgroups according to the weight change between baseline and 4 years prior. Myocardial infarctions and ischemic strokes were followed until the end of 2015. We compared the hazard ratios among smoking cessation subgroups, non-smokers, and current smokers. The mean changes in weight (1.5 ± 3.9 kg) of the smoking cessation group were higher than those of the other groups (p < 0.0001). A total of 31,277 and 46,811 subjects were newly diagnosed with myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, respectively. Regardless of weight change, all subgroups of smoking cessation had significantly less risk than current smokers. The subgroup of smoking cessation with weight gain over 4kg showed the lowest risk for myocardial infarctions (hazard ratio 0.646, 95% confidence interval 0.583–0.714, p < 0.0001) and ischemic strokes (hazard ratio 0.648, 95% confidence interval 0.591–0.71, p < 0.0001) after multivariable adjustment. In conclusion, weight gain after smoking cessation did not adversely affect the cardiovascular protective effect.
Hydrogen Peroxide is Scavenged by Ascorbate-specific Peroxidase in Spinach Chloroplasts

Intact spinach chloroplasts scavenge hydrogen peroxide with a peroxidase that uses a photoreductant as the electron donor, but the activity of ruptured chloroplasts is very low [Nakano and Asada (1980) Plant & Cell Physiol. 21: 1295]. Ruptured spinach chloroplasts recovered their ability to photoreduce hydrogen peroxide with the concomitant evolution of oxygen after the addition of glutathione and dehydroascorbate (DHA). In ruptured chloroplasts, DHA was photoreduced to ascorbate and oxygen was evolved in the process in the presence of glutathione. DHA reductase (EC 1.8.5.1) and a peroxidase whose electron donor is specific to L-ascorbate are localized in chloroplast stroma. These observations confirm that the electron donor for the scavenging of hydrogen peroxide in chloroplasts is L-ascorbate and that the L-ascorbate is regenerated from DHA by the system: photosystem I-*ferredoxin-*NADP^>glutathione. A preliminary characterization of the chloroplast peroxidase is given.