Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INATTENTION AND INERTIA IN HOUSEHOLD FINANCE: EVIDENCE FROM THE DANISH MORTGAGE MARKET

This paper studies inattention to mortgage refinancing incentives among Danish households. Danish data are particularly suitable for this purpose because there are minimal barriers to refinancing, yet many borrowers fail to refinance optimally, and the characteristics of these borrowers can be accurately measured. The paper estimates a mixture model of household refinancing types in which household characteristics affect both inattention (a low proportion of rational refinancers) and residual inertia (a low probability that fully inattentive households refinance). Many characteristics move inattention and inertia in the same direction, implying a positive cross-sectional correlation of 0.62 between these two household attributes. Younger, better educated, and higher-income households have less inertia and less inattention. Financial wealth and housing wealth have opposite effects, with the least inertia and inattention among households whose housing wealth is high relative to their financial wealth. There is suggestive evidence of persistent unobserved heterogeneity in attention. Steffen Andersen Department of Finance Copenhagen Business School Porcelænshaven 16A, 1 DK-2000 Frederiksberg Denmark sa.eco@cbs.dk John Y. Campbell Morton L. and Carole S. Olshan Professor of Economics Department of Economics Harvard University Littauer Center 213 Cambridge, MA 02138 and NBER john_campbell@harvard.edu Kasper Meisner Nielsen Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clearwater Bay Hong Kong SAR China nielsen@ust.hk Tarun Ramadorai University of Oxford Said Business School Park End St. Oxford OX1 1HP United Kingdom tarun.ramadorai@sbs.ox. ac.uk An online appendix is available at: http://www.nber. org/data-appendix/w21386
DEDUCTION OF TWO-DIODE MODEL PARAMETERS FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

The paper presents a proposed two-diode model for P V module to describe I-V and P-V characteristic curves at different weather conditio ns such as, temperature and solar radiation. Two two-diode model parameters are estim ated using Newton-Raphson method with the aid of initial values which are der iv d from basic equations of an equivalent circuit for two-diode model and manufact uring data sheet at standard test conditions. The two-diode model parameter represent an important role in design, manufacturing and performance of PV system at diffe rent weather conditions especially at low radiation. Newton-Raphson method is used to describe non-linear output characteristic curves of I-V and P-V. The proposed two-diode model is validated for multi-crystalline solar cell PV modules. Results ar e compared with the manufacturer’s data sheet curves and the proposed results of other published research works. The results of proposed model are validated with an excellent m anner with respect to data sheet and other published research works.
Anthropogenic noise and noise-adjusted signals influence territorial-defense behaviors of male Baird’s sparrows (Centronyx bairdii) By

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . ii DEDICATION . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF FIGURES . vii CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND OF CONSERVATION BEHAVIOR . 1 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES . 4 DISTURBANCES CAUSED BY OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT . 5 ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION IN PASSERINES . 7 CHALLENGES TO ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION . 9 EVOLUTION OF ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION . 10 ANTHROPOGENIC NOISE . 11 ANTHROPOGENIC NOISE AND ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION . 12 Amplitude Shifts . 14 Spectral Shifts . 14 Temporal Shifts . 15 Multimodal Shifts . 15 Are Noise-Induced Acoustic Adjustments Measurement Artifacts? 16 Are Noise-Induced Adjustments Adaptive? 16 STUDY SPECIES . 18 Breeding and Territorial Behavior . 18 Song Behavior . 18 Song Behavior in Anthropogenic Noise . 20 Population Trends, Threats, and Conservation Action . 20
Cost of Conscious Capitalism

Calls for conscious capitalism have spurred numerous innovations in firm governance. In this study, we assess whether there is a cost to investors for one such innovation—state-level constituency statutes that permit board members to consider the interests of all stakeholders—not just shareholders—when making decisions. As competing demands from stakeholders increase, we argue monitoring by boards will be hampered, resulting in reduced transparency to investors by managers. Using a sample of U.S. publicly traded firms (1981-2010), we observe significant decline in transparency by firms incorporated in states with such statutes. While we find firms experiencing losses use conscious capitalism as an umbrella to remain opaque, firms that need financial markets for capital remain transparent despite such statutes. Our paper contributes to the debate on the ‘objective of the firm’ by showing that adopting stakeholder governance without addressing its challenges may lead to managerial entrenchment and affect transparency negatively. Acknowledgments: The authors gratefully acknowledge support for this research provided by Fordham University. This manuscript has benefited from the extremely helpful comments and support of Iftekhar Hasan, Baruch Lev, Scott Guernsey, Brian Gibbons, and Yoonsoo Nam (discussant at FMA 2019). This paper previously circulated as “Corporate Transparency and Stakeholder Orientation: Evidence using a Natural Experiment. ” All errors and omissions are the responsibility of the authors.
Effect of health education on awareness and practices of breast self examination among females attending a charitable hospital at North Karachi.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of health education as an intervention to promote breast self-examination in a low-resource setting. METHODS The quasi-experimental study was conducted from January to August 2018 in Karachi after approval by the Jinnah Sindh Medical University, and comprised women from a low resource locality and dividing them into intervention group A and control group B. Demographic data was collected using a pretested questionnaire filled through interviews. Subsequently, group A received health education regarding carcinoma of breast, importance of breast self-examination and monthly motivation through cell phone to perform self-examination. The questionnaire was again filled after 6 months of intervention. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. Group B was given the same health education sessions after the completion of the study. RESULTS Of the 172 subjects, there were 86(50%) in each of the two groups. In terms of demographic data, the groups were similar (p>0.05). After the intervention, group A showed significant (p<0.001) improvement in knowledge and practice of breast self-examination. There was no change in group B (p>0.05). Being in the intervention group (p=0.001) and level of education (p=0.018) showed positive and negative associations with selfexamination practice. Upon adjusting for age, marital status, family history and education, group A (p=0.001) remained significant, while the level of education (p=0.116) became non-significant. CONCLUSIONS Designed health promotion programmes with monthly reminders through cell phone improved knowledge and practice of breast self-examination.
Combining Medical Imaging and Motion Capture for the Dynamic Analysis of Personalized Osteoarticular Structures

Musculoskeletal disorders affect all joints of the body and can result in chronic pain and long-term physical disability. Through research, we have the possibility to improve prevention and treatment thanks to a better understanding of the musculoskeletal system and its disorders. In this context, 3D anatomical models obtained from medical image segmentation and 4D kinematic models obtained from motion capture provide more insight than standard radiological and clinical examination (image stacks, palpation, assessment of passive range of motion). Indeed, 3D reconstruction provides additional information to better understand the complexity of the anatomy, whereas the study of joint kinematics is instrumental to diagnose abnormalities and to understand the joint physiology, since most of the pathological cases are related to the functional level. The work presented in this dissertation aims at improving the diagnosis, therapy planning and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders by providing orthopedic surgeons and sports medicine doctors with a novel paradigm to analyze patient’s anatomy in 3D and in motion. The originality of our research lies in the ability to fuse patient-specific 3D anatomical models and computer-assisted techniques to track and simulate moving joint structures. The first part of this thesis presents our interdisciplinary approach and the methodology implemented in this research, as well as the objectives and challenges to be addressed in order to combine medical imaging and motion capture to study and dynamically analyze personalized osteoarticular structures. The second part presents a selection of our most significant work in the field that illustrates concretely how this methodology was implemented to answer clinical questions in the framework of diagnosis, treatment and surgical planning of orthopedic disorders. This work is organized around the 3D modeling and simulation of three particular joints: 1) the hip, 2) the shoulder complex and 3) the knee. This thesis includes scientific and clinical studies focusing on the biomechanical modeling of human joints and on the exploration of several motionrelated disorders, such as femoroacetabular impingement in the prosthetic hip, knee ligaments biomechanics, glenohumeral instability and impingement, rotator cuff hyperelongation, hip and shoulder implants design, etc. A summary of our contributions and future improvements of our work are presented in the third part of this thesis with a discussion on the research perspectives offered by virtual and augmented reality.
Solidification of PCM around Curved Tubes Including Natural Convection Effects

This paper presents the results of a numerical study on the solidification of PCM around a bent tube with a cooling fluid flow inside it. The proposed model is based on the two-dimensional energy and momentum equations. The Landau interface immobilization technique is used to immobilize the solid-liquid interface, while the finite volume method is used to numerically treat the equations, boundary, and initial conditions. The numerical predictions were validated against available experimental results, showing good agreement. Because of the circulatory flow in the bend region, the heat transfer coefficient on the external side is higher than that on the internal side of the bent tube. It was found that an increase of the wall temperature, an increase of the initial liquid PCM temperature, or an increase of the curvature radius would reduce the interface position and consequently reduce the solidified mass and decrease the interface velocity. This increases the time for complete solidification. These results can be useful in predicting ice formation over helical coils and curved tubes used in latent heat storage systems. KeywordsPCM; Solidification; Curved Tubes; Interface Immobilization; Latent Heat Storage; Coiled Tubes
Isolate-Dependent Differences in Clinical, Pathological, and Transcriptional Profiles following <italic toggle='yes'>In Vitro</italic> and <italic toggle='yes'>In Vivo</italic> Infections with <named-content content-type='genus-species'>Rickettsia rickettsii</named-content>

Rickettsia rickettsii, the etiological agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a life-threatening tick-borne disease that affects humans and various animal species, has been recognized in medicine and science for more than 100 years. Isolate-dependent differences in virulence of R. rickettsii have been documented for many decades; nonetheless, the specific genetic and phenotypic factors responsible for these differences have not been characterized. Using in vivo and in vitro methods, we identified multiple phenotypic differences among six geographically distinct isolates of R. rickettsii, representing isolates from the United States, Costa Rica, and Brazil. Aggregate phenotypic data, derived from growth in Vero E6 cells and from clinical and pathological characteristics following infection of male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), allowed separation of these isolates into three categories: nonvirulent (Iowa), mildly virulent (Sawtooth and Gila), and highly virulent (Sheila SmithT, Costa Rica, and Taiaçu). Transcriptional profiles of 11 recognized or putative virulence factors confirmed the isolate-dependent differences between mildly and highly virulent isolates. These data corroborate previous qualitative assessments of strain virulence and suggest further that a critical and previously underappreciated balance between bacterial growth and host immune response could leverage strain pathogenicity. Also, this work provides insight into isolate-specific microbiological factors that contribute to the outcome of RMSF and confirms the hypothesis that distinct rickettsial isolates also differ phenotypically, which could influence the severity of disease in vertebrate hosts.
Coronavirus Impact on Power Consumption — Data from the Czech Republic , Germany and Sweden 1 }

Due to the coronavirus spread across the globe countries adopted restrictive measures to mitigate its impacts including the Czech Republic and Germany. Sweden on the other hand decided to adopt only milder measures without interruption of industrial production. These measures impacted power demand accordingly. Using the data of ČEPS, Bundesnetzagentur and Nordpool this paper analyzed changes in the seasonally adjusted power consumption after the restrictive measures in the Czech Republic, Germany and Sweden. A significant decline of the demand was recorded in Czechia and Germany. The consumption in Sweden remained stable in April and slightly dropped in May.
EFFECT OF DEMOGRAPHY ON QUALITY PERCEPTION OF FMCG CUSTOMERS

The study is about the effect of demography on perceived quality in the customers of Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). Quantitative research methodology has been used for testing hypotheses and achieving research objectives. This research has significance because of its theoretical and practical contribution. The study population was adult population of Pakistan. Sample size was 466 respondents from Lahore. Data was collected through developed questionnaire by the technique of stratified random sampling. Descriptive statistics and Inferential statistics have been applied for analyzing the data through SPSS. Research findings include that all demographic factors i.e. gender, age and income do not affect the perceived quality of FMCG customers. This research has contributed in the knowledge base by informing the literature of demographic profile of FMCG customers and perceived quality and their relationship.
The diet of goshawks ( Accipiter gentis ) during the breeding season : a gradient from coast to inland Næringsvalget hos hønsehauk ( Accipiter gentilis ) i hekkesesongen : en gradient fra kyst til innland

III SAMMENDRAG . IV 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 1 2.0 METHODS . 4 2.1 Study area. 4 2.2 Collection of prey remains . 6 2.3 Statistical analyses. 8 3.0 RESULTS. 10 3.1 Variation in diet by prey groups in the three regions . 10 3.2 Diet diversity and similarity between the three regions . 12 3.3 Relationships between prey groups and habitat . 12 4.0 DISCUSSION . 18 4.1 Diet composition . 18 4.2 Grouse in the diet . 19 4.3 Diet diversity and similarity between the three regions . 20 4.4 Relationships between prey groups and habitat . 21 4.5 Diets now and in the past . 23 5.0 CONCLUSION. 24 REFERENCES . 25
Chest CT abnormalities in COVID-19: a systematic review

Computed tomography (CT) of the chest is one of the main diagnositic tools for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. To document the chest CT findings in patients with confirmed COVID-19 and their association with the clinical severity, we searched related literatures through PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science (inception to May 4, 2020) and reviewed reference lists of previous systematic reviews. A total of 31 case reports (3768 patients) on CT findings of COVID-19 were included. The most common comorbid conditions were hypertension (18.4%) and diabetes mellitus (8.3%). The most common symptom was fever (78.7%), followed by cough (60.2%). It took an average of 5.6 days from symptom onset to admission. The most common chest CT finding was vascular enlargement (84.8%), followed by ground-glass opacity (GGO) (60.1%), air-bronchogram (47.8%), and consolidation (41.4%). Most lung lesions were located in the lung periphery (72.2%) and involved bilateral lung (76%). Most patients showed normal range of laboratory findings such as white blood cell count (96.4%) and lymphocyte (87.2%). Compared to previous published meta-analyses, our study is the first to summarize the different radiologic characteristics of chest CT in a total of 3768 COVID-19 patients by compiling case series studies. A comprehensive diagnostic approach should be adopted for patients with known COVID-19, suspected cases, and for exposed individuals.
Effect of Vine Cutting Length and Potassium Fertilizer Rates on Sweet Potato Growth and Yield Components

A factorial field experiment was carried out during the minor season of 2014 to evaluate the effect of vine cutting length and potassium fertilizer on the growth and yield components of the sweet potato variety Okumkom. The treatments comprised three vine cutting lengths (15, 22.5 and 30 cm) and four rates of potassium fertilizer (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg K2O/ha) in the form of muriate of potash (60% K2O). These treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. Each treatment received 30 kg N/ha in the form of urea (46% N). The greatest sweet potato growth and yield components were produced with 30 cm vine cuttings. The application of 60 kg K2O/ha of potassium fertilizer produced the longest vines, the highest number of leaves, branches, and tuber roots, as well as the highest marketable root yield.
Prediction of saponin content in soapnut (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.) fruits by near infrared spectroscopy

In this study, near infrared spectroscopy has been demonstrated to quickly determine the saponin content in soapnut fruits. Partial least squares analysis combined with pre-processing methods and significance multivariate correlation variable selection was introduced to develop a statistical model calibrated for saponin content in soapnut fruits. The results showed that the first derivative yielded the best partial least squares calibration models with spectra of both the surface of dried fruits and the powder of dry seeded fruits with root mean square error of calibration values of 0.85% and 0.59%, respectively. The surface model presented less accuracy than the powder model. However, when the significance multivariate correlation variable selection method was applied to select the best variables from the spectra, the partial least squares models using spectra of surface and powder samples became similar, with higher R2 values (0.84 and 0.90), lower root mean square error of calibration values of 0.23% and 0.39%. It was suggested that near infrared spectroscopy could be a promising and rapid method for predicting the saponin content in the soapnut fruits without grinding them into powder.
Expected Stock Returns and Firm Characteristics: E-LASSO, Assessment, and Implications

We develop new methods for constructing and analyzing cross-sectional stock return forecasts. We propose an E-LASSO approach that uses the LASSO, forecast combination, and forecast encompassing to implement shrinkage in a flexible manner designed to handle a large number of firm characteristics. We provide a cross-sectional out-of-sample R-squared statistic for assessing the accuracy of cross-sectional forecasts. Empirically, with presently the largest set of 193 firm characteristics, we find that our E-LASSO forecast produces significant cross-sectional out-of-sample R-squared gains and generates substantial economic value consistently over time. We further find that many firm characteristics matter, instead of a dozen or so.
Effects of Three Nitrification Inhibitors on the Nitrogen Conversion in Purple Soil and Its Effect on the Nitrogen Uptake of Citrus Seedlings

Experiments were carried out to study the effects of nitrification inhibitors (NI) on the transformation of soil nitrogen (N) in purple soil and the effects on the N accumulation in different organs of citrus seedlings. In incubation and pot experiments, the rate of nitrification inhibitors 2-chloro-6-trichloro-methyl pyridine (Nitrapyrin), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and dicyandiamide (DCD) was 2.4%, 1.0% and 5.0% of N rate, respectively. The trend of different nitrification inhibitors on ammonium nitrogen ( NH+4-N ), nitrate nitrogen ( NO-3-N ) content and pH was compared in incubation experiment; and the effect of different NI on the dry matter quality, N uptake of citrus seedling was studied in pot experiment. The results showed that NI could significantly inhibit soil nitrification in the early culture period (p DMPP > En (calculated as nitrogen application rate). Application of NI increased the height and dry matter accumulation, N accumulation of citrus seedling grown in pot experiment. Thus, application of NI would be helpful for improving N use efficiency in purple soil which is one of major soil types for citrus production in China.
Evolución de la eutrofización en el Río Santa Lucía: influencia de la intensificación productiva y perspectivas

El rio Santa Lucia (RSL), principal fuente de agua potable de Uruguay, presenta sintomas de eutrofzacion. Este estudio evaluo algunos factores que inﬂuyen en la eutrofzacion del rio para contribuir a la conservacion y gestion del recurso. Se analizo la mayor base de datos de calidad de agua del RSL (2004 - 2016), con indicadores de intensifcacion productiva y cambios en el uso del suelo. La eutrofzacion del RSL tendio a estabilizarse en 2010, con maximos de fosforo total (PT) en 2013. Los embalses aumentaron su estado hipereutrofco, y los arroyos Canelon Grande y Chico se mantienen en hipereutrofa. El fosforo reactivo soluble se correlaciono con el PT (r2 = 0,95, 76 % del total), asociado al exceso de fertilizacion de suelos y no se relaciono con indicadores de erosion. La relacion signifcativa entre el PT y la importacion de fertilizantes (indicador proxy) reﬂeja el impacto de las actividades productivas (maximas: 2011 - 2015) en la eutrofzacion del RSL. Para mejorar la efcacia en la retencion de nutrientes sera necesario profundizar en las medidas de control de la fertilizacion y de eﬂuentes de tambos, la extension de las zonas de amortiguacion hacia los tributarios de menor orden y las nacientes.