Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physics of breaking bow waves: A parametric investigation using a 2D+T wavemaker

Title of dissertation: Physics of Breaking Bow Waves: A Parametric Investigation using a 2D+T Wave Maker Eric Maxeiner, Doctor of Philosophy, 2009 Dissertation directed by: Professor James H. Duncan Department of Mechanical Engineering A mechanical 2-dimensional wave maker with a flexible surface was used to create waves similar to those formed at the bow of a moving ship. Utilizing the 2D+T approximation, the wave maker was programmed so that its deformable wave board creates a time sequence of shapes that simulate the line of intersection between one side of the hull of a slender ship model moving at constant speed and an imaginary vertical plane oriented normal to the ship model track. Instead of trying to simulate a particular ship hull, however, the wave maker simulates a parametric set of flat plate motions that contain components of typical bow shapes. The resulting surface waves were measured using a cinematic laser-induced fluorescence technique and the resulting wave profiles were analyzed. A tremendous variation of wave shapes was observed. A variety of wave characteristics including the peak contact point height, peak wave height, wave crest speed and plunging jet thickness distribution were measured and related to the corresponding wave maker motion parameters. Despite the complexity of the wave maker motions, it was observed that wave maker velocity and acceleration along the water line were the wave maker parameters with the strongest influence on many of the measured wave characteristics. Additional analysis reveals that the initial acceleration of the wave maker affects some wave characteristics, especially those related to plunging jet behavior, but does not significantly affect the overall size and shape of the wave. It was also observed that the behavior of wave formation and breaking ranged between two distinct modes. The first mode consists of an overdriven wave that contains a pronounced vertical jet along the face of the wave maker. The overdriven wave breaks close to the wave maker, before a wave crest has fully formed. The second mode is a more slowly developing wave that breaks further away from the wave maker. The developing waves do not contain the pronounced vertical jet observed in overdriven waves. The two modes appear to be related to the initial wave maker acceleration and amount of water displaced by the wave maker. Physics of Breaking Bow Waves: A Parametric Investigation Using a 2D+T Wavemaker
Quantitative and qualitative profile of aerobic bacteria in the second mandibular molar free of caries and caries, based on a case–control study

Bacteria growing in the oral cavity are an important effective factor in causing caries. Molars are the most commonly affected by bacterial decay. Bacterial species and their counts in caries of the second mandibular molar compared with those in caries-free teeth were investigated. A total of 100 patients with caries in the second mandibular molar and 95 caries-free individuals participated in a case–control study. A swab from the molar zone was cultured to identify the bacterial species. Colony counts and the frequency with which isolated bacteria occur were also determined. The isolated bacteria comprised 34 species ranging between 22 Gram-positive and 12 Gram-negative bacteria from caries molar and 14 species from the control group were diagnosed. Staphylococcus aureus and Kocuria rosea were revealed to have a more significant frequency in caries patients, whereas Kocuria kristinae was isolated with a high frequency from caries-free individuals. The majority of isolates had a large number of colonies, mostly Gram-positive bacteria. Some species have been found in one group of participants but not in another. Six bacterial species were only isolated from control group, whereas the patient group had 16 species that were not found in the control group. In conclusion, Gram-positive bacteria are most frequently associated with caries on the second mandibular molar. Some species of Gram-positive bacteria such as S. aureus and K. rosea and Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli occur with great diversity and quantity with caries of the second mandibular molar compared with that of healthy individuals. Meanwhile, some species may disappear or be limited to the decayed area of the second mandibular molar.
Metabolic syndromes, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus as three factors involved in the development of hepatic steatosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: In recent years, the increase in prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with viral chronic hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been alarming. The pattern of liver histological changes in patients with HBV and HCV infections resembles those of NAFLD, leading to potential misdiagnosis. Methods: Using global databases such as Scopus and PubMed, relevant studies were retrieved and those studies found to be eligible based on inclusion criteria were analyzed. Statistical analysis was done by comprehensive meta-analysis software. Results: The results suggested an inverse association between HBV and HCV infections and hepatic steatosis risk, but not significant. The risk of hepatic steatosis in patients with concurrent chronic viral hepatitis is significantly associated performed with metabolic syndrome and biochemical parameters particularly body mass index > 25 kg/m2, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, viral hepatitis (viral load) has a protective role against the development of hepatic steatosis. Nevertheless, hepatic steatosis in patients infected with HBV and HCV was associated with metabolic syndrome.
Lenition and phonemic contrast in Majorcan Catalan

It has been claimed that in Majorcan Catalan /b/ tends to be realized as a stop in contexts where Central Catalan /b/ has approximant realizations. Here we test this claim using two continuous dimensions that we take as acoustic correlates of degree of constriction. We also examine the relative degree of constriction of Majorcan /b/ with respect to /d/ and /g/. We argue that Majorcan Catalan is less advanced in the historical weakening of /b/ than other dialects. Against other proposals, we maintain that a principle of contrast preservation is not required in order to explain the phonetic facts.
IPO Timing in Family and Non-Family Firms: Investigating the CEO’s Characteristics Role

The aim of the paper is to investigate the influence of the family nature of the firm on the time to going public and, overcoming the dichotomy between family and non-family firms, addressing the family firms heterogeneity in terms of CEO characteristics. Grounding our regression analyses on a sample of IPO firms went public in Italy from 2000 to 2020, our paper offers theoretical contributions and has practical implications. Findings demonstrate the existence of a positive relationship between family firm status and IPO timing, corroborating previous research claiming that the family influences IPO features. Moreover, empirical results point out that while CEO age increases the time to IPO in family firms, when the CEO is also the company founder, family firms go public earlier. This evidence supports literature advocating that age and founder status matter in shaping family decision making process.
Wind and Thermodynamic Retrieval from Single-Doppler Measurements of a Gust Front Observed during Phoenix II

Abstract The adjoint method to retrieve the three-dimensional wind and thermodynamic fields is applied to single-Doppler observations of a gust front measured during the Phoenix II experiment. This method uses a fluid dynamics model and its adjoint, and combines the retrieval with data assimilation into the prediction model. The wind and thermodynamic variables are determined by minimizing the difference between the model solution and the observations. Experiments are conducted first with radial velocity alone and then with both radial velocity and reflectivity to examine the quality of the retrieval with respect to radar location, boundary conditions, length of assimilation, data filtering, smoothing enforced by penalty functions, and model accuracy. Verification of these experiments is provided by a dual-Doppler analysis. Test results show that the adjoint method is able to retrieve the wind and thermodynamic fields of the gust front. The retrieved horizontal wind agrees very well with the dual-Doppler .
Data-Driven-Based Terahertz Image Restoration

Terahertz (THz) has been widely used in radar, remote sensing, atmospheric and environmental monitoring, real-time biological information extraction, and medical diagnosis. However, the long-wavelength property of THz leads to low imaging resolution. Due to the expensive nature of experimental equipment and the difficulty of obtaining THz sources, most scientific institutions have difficulty in obtaining large amounts of the THz dataset. In addition, it is difficult for convolution neural networks (CNNs) to recover low-resolution complex images because of the phase information contained in the images. In this article, we build a THz imaging system and propose a progressive multiscale augmented neural network (PMANN) to address this problem. PMANN integrates self-attention and channel attention for image contextual feature extraction by the proposed progressive network. Compared with the complex CNN (CCNN) in private cartoon datasets, PMANN improves the quantitative metrics on peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) by about 18.6%. It also obtains better visual quality than CCNN. Moreover, we publicly synthesize the first grayscale image MinistTHz dataset. Compared with SwinTransformer, PMANN improves the PSNR by 28.2%. The experimental results on the THz dataset demonstrate that the proposed model achieves better performances than the state-of-the-art (SOTA) models. Our synthetic THz dataset is open at https://github.com/szpxmu/PMANN.
Biophysical Changes of Leukocyte Activation (and NETosis) in the Cellular Host Response to Sepsis

Sepsis, the leading cause of mortality in hospitals, currently lacks effective early diagnostics. A new cellular host response test, the IntelliSep test, may provide an indicator of the immune dysregulation characterizing sepsis. The objective of this study was to examine the correlation between the measurements performed using this test and biological markers and processes associated with sepsis. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), an agonist of neutrophils known to induce neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, was added to whole blood of healthy volunteers at concentrations of 0, 200, and 400 nM and then evaluated using the IntelliSep test. Separately, plasma from a cohort of subjects was segregated into Control and Diseased populations and tested for levels of NET components (citrullinated histone (cit-H3) DNA and neutrophil elastase (NE) DNA) using customized ELISA assays and correlated with ISI scores from the same patient samples. Significant increases in IntelliSep Index (ISI) scores were observed with increasing concentrations of PMA in healthy blood (0 and 200: p < 10−10; 0 and 400: p < 10−10). Linear correlation was observed between the ISI and quantities of NE DNA and Cit-H3 DNA in patient samples. Together these experiments demonstrate that the IntelliSep test is associated with the biological processes of leukocyte activation and NETosis and may indicate changes consistent with sepsis.
Four Eras of Studies of Politics and Social Movements in Social Forces

Over the last hundred years, there have been approximately four eras of studies of collective political mobilizations in the pages of Social Forces. While each of the four periods contains a diversity of topics, each also has a central tendency influenced by the sociology of the era, the journal’s focus, and current events. In this essay, I describe the different eras and identify some notable areas of continuity across the century. In its first decade, Social Forces articles primarily discussed collective action in reports on current political organizations or analysis of ongoing racist violence, particularly lynching and the Klan. From the 1930s to WWII, the focus of articles expanded to a wider variety of movements and activities and were more likely to incorporate sociological theory. The social movements of the 1950s and 1960s were closely examined in the next phase, and articles continue to evolve to include both theory and analysis in the same pieces. Finally, the contemporary era saw a vast increase in the movements studied, methods employed, and a more granular examination of movement processes. Throughout all the periods, two major themes, examining anti-Black collective violence and the role of organizations in politics, were consistently fruitful research areas.
An Observational Study to Analyse the Association of the ABO and Rh Blood Group Systems With Bronchial Asthma

Background ABO blood group types are hereditary factors that have been shown to affect the blood levels of many antigens and proteins. Some blood groups have surprisingly been shown to be associated with some specific diseases, probably due to yet unexplained altering effects on the immune system or on the levels of other system-specific proteins. Studies conducted previously attempting to relate bronchial asthma and blood groups have had variable results and such studies on a large scale have not been ventured in India. Hence, the significance of the current study, which aims to search for an increased occurrence of bronchial asthma in any one of the ABO blood group phenotypes and additionally in Rh blood groups. Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the possible association of the ABO and Rh blood group types with bronchial asthma. Methods This is an observational study with 475 bronchial asthma patients, and 2052 non-asthmatic individuals belonging to the same geographical zone. After obtaining informed consent, ABO and Rh Blood group testing was done on the study subjects using the hemagglutination method. Chi-squared tests were employed for the comparison of proportions. Statistical significance was agreed upon for an error of 5%. Results The O blood group was predominant in both cases (46.9 %) and controls (36.1%). A chi-square analysis revealed a statistically significant higher percentage of O blood group in patients (χ2: 24.537; degrees of freedom (DF): 3; p-value = <0.01). The cases had more Rh -ve individuals (12%) than controls (8%), which too was statistically significant (χ2: 6.711; degrees of freedom (DF): 1; p-value = 0.01). Conclusion The present study shows a positive association between the O blood group and the Rh-negative blood group with bronchial asthma.
Synergy of Small Antiviral Molecules on a Black-Phosphorus Nanocarrier: Machine Learning and Quantum Chemical Simulation Insights

Favipiravir (FP) and Ebselen (EB) belong to a broad range of antiviral drugs that have shown active potential as medications against many viruses. Employing molecular dynamics simulations and machine learning (ML) combined with van der Waals density functional theory, we have uncovered the binding characteristics of these two antiviral drugs on a phosphorene nanocarrier. Herein, by using four different machine learning models (i.e., Bagged Trees, Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Regression Trees (RT)), the Hamiltonian and the interaction energy of antiviral molecules in a phosphorene monolayer are trained in an appropriate way. However, training efficient and accurate models for approximating the density functional theory (DFT) is the final step in using ML to aid in the design of new drugs. To improve the prediction accuracy, the Bayesian optimization approach has been employed to optimize the GPR, SVR, RT, and BT models. Results revealed that the GPR model obtained superior prediction performance with an R2 of 0.9649, indicating that it can explain 96.49% of the data’s variability. Then, by means of DFT calculations, we examine the interaction characteristics and thermodynamic properties in a vacuum and a continuum solvent interface. These results illustrate that the hybrid drug is an enabled, functionalized 2D complex with vigorous thermostability. The change in Gibbs free energy at different surface charges and temperatures implies that the FP and EB molecules are allowed to adsorb from the gas phase onto the 2D monolayer at different pH conditions and high temperatures. The results reveal a valuable antiviral drug therapy loaded by 2D biomaterials that may possibly open a new way of auto-treating different diseases, such as SARS-CoV, in primary terms.
MEMS Cantilever on High-Cycle Fatigue Testing of thin Metal Films

Aluminium is still one of the most important contact metallisation for power electronic chips like MOSFETs or IGBTs. With a large difference in thermal expansion coefficients (CTEs) between aluminium and silicon or silicon carbide, and the temperatures generated in hot-spots during high power transients, these layers are prone to failure due to thermo-mechanical fatigue. Usually lifetime assessment is done by subjecting dedicated test specimens to standardised stress tests as e.g. thermal cycling. This paper builds on previous work about a method for accelerated stress testing and lifetime modelling of thin aluminium films in the high-cycle fatigue regime by isothermal mechanical loads using Si MEMS cantilevers as sample carriers. Surface roughness of the fatigued films was previously measured as a failure parameter, both via atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This was motivated within a physics-of-failure based reliability paradigm by comparison with equivalent plastic strain obtained from finite element simulations, which show a relation between surface roughness and the cumulated plastic strain. By using a new design including two AlN piezos, it is now possible to realize a closed loop control without the need for an external shaker and an optical setup to measure the cantilever amplitude during the fatiguing. This also enables easier Insitu stress testing, e.g. inside a SEM or below an optical microscope, to gain further insight into the development of degradation of the thin aluminium over time. An accelerated stress test with 107 cycles using the new design is presented, and surface roughness obtained via optical microscopy is compared with finite element simulations.
Knots, matroids and the Ising model

Abstract A polynomial is defined on signed matroids which contains as specializations the Kauffman bracket polynomial of knot theory, the Tutte polynomial of a matroid, the partition function of the anisotropic Ising model, the Kauffman–Murasugi polynomials of signed graphs. It leads to generalizations of a theorem of Lickorish and Thistlethwaite showing that adequate link diagrams do not represent the unknot. We also investigate semi-adequacy and the span of the bracket polynomial in this wider context.
Influence of spacing, planting methods and nutrient management on productivity of sweet corn

An experiment was conducted at Parbhani (Maharashtra) during 2008 to 09, to study the performance of sweet corn Cv. Nirmal-120 under the influence of different spacings, planting methods and nutrient management. The treatments comprised of four spacings (45x15, 45x20, 60x15, 60x20 cm), two plating methods (flat method and ridge planting) and four fertilizer levels [control (FO), 90 kg/ha (F1), 120 kg/ha (F2) and 150 kg/ha (F4) recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF)] The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The main treatment consisted of different spacings and planting methods, while Nitrogen levels were allotted to the sub plots. The values of growth and yield attributes were significantly higher under broader spacings (60 x 15 and 60 x 20 cm). However, plant height and green cob yield were significantly higher under the spacing of 45 x 15 and 45 x 20 cm. Application of 120 and 150 kg nitrogen ha·1 recorded significantly higher values for all growth, yield attributes and yield.
Numerical Modeling of Coanda Jet Controlled Nacelle Configurations

Modification of the aerodynamic characteristics of axisymmetric nacelles with the use of tangential Coanda jets is studied. It is demonstrated that Coanda jets in the leading edge (lip) region of the nacelle can increase the entrainment of air flowing into the nacelle. It is also shown that Coanda jets in the trailing edge region of the nacelle can laterally spread the jet-fan exhaust, and may lead to a reduction in the exhaust velocity downstream. The leading edge jet slot position was found to have a significant effect on the flow field. It is concluded that Coanda jets may be useful in altering and improving the performance of a nacelle that has been designed for cruise conditions.
Open Government Index in Local Government During the Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Identification that has been carried out in studies of open data government and e-government has been widely described from various perspectives. This study aims to examine how the government applies open government data. This study analyzed the existing open government of local government in Indonesia during the COVID-19 period, providing information to test the transparency of existing local governments. This study adopts the Benchmark Model Evaluating Data Openness theory and E-Gov assessment using a quantitative approach by dividing several categories and assessment variables. The open government analysis assessment uses a score of 1-5, and a web assessment with a score of 100. From this calculation, it is found that the five provinces with increased cases have high OGD scores. The results are plotted based on the spread of COVID-19 throughout Indonesia, as determined by reviewing and surveying the provincial government's COVID-19 website. West Java (89.87), East Java (89.87), Jakarta (88.75), Central Java (88.37), and Yogyakarta (88.37) all had high and nearly balanced total scores (84.87). The increased assessment results are supported by infrastructure and good management, and the five areas are "metropolitan" areas with good quality technology and information
A Tracer Study on Child Participation in Child Councillor Programmes Aimed towards Development of the Child Friendly Cities Initiative

The Child Friendly Cities Initiative introduced by UNICEF aims to help local governments realise child rights by utilising the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child as its foundation. Using Lundy’s model of child participation, which focuses on spaces, voice, audience, and influence, this study assesses young people’s participation as child councillors in two programmes in one city in Malaysia. Ten young people who were former child councillors in one state in Malaysia participated in this study. This study employed thematic analysis in analysing the data obtained using focus groups. Based on the data presented, it was clear that adult (the responsible party) understanding of meaningful child participation is still weak. This study offers substantial contributions to the limited body of literature on child participation in Malaysia by focusing on the difficulties of former child councillors in engaging in meaningful participation. Thus, more efforts (for example, by using participatory methods) are needed to educate the responsible party on the importance of addressing the power dynamic between children and adults so that children can participate effectively in decision-making processes.