Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pattern of EEG Change in Infants with West Syndrome: A Retrospective Study

West syndrome (WS) is a severe form of epilepsy of early infancy. Its diagnosis, evaluation, and management continue to pose many challenges to health care professionals and affected families. Methodology: It is a retrospective review of patients of West syndrome who were followed up at least 6 months after diagnosis. We followed up 70 infants with West syndrome. EEG change of each follow up was recorded. For each individual child, we selected minimum three visits in the follow up period. Visit 1 was defined as the visit when the treatment for infantile spasms was started. Visit 2 at day 14 of first visit, Visit 3 at 6 month of first visit. Clinical data on file were used for analysis. Results: Hypsarrhythmia initially was recorded in 20 of total number of 70 patients (28.6%). Modified hypsarrhythmia was recorded in 40 infants (57%), multifocal discharges were found in 7 patients (10%). In third follow up at 6 month, first EEG showed a change of pattern with multifocal discharges in most of the cases (52.9%) while EEG was normal in 24.3% of cases. 30% of our patients were completely free from clinical seizures at 6 months with 67% of them having normal EEG pattern and 29% with multifocal discharges. Conclusion: Interictal EEG pattern changes with clinical course and with treatment.
Fine Needle Aspiration of Thyroid Nodules- A Cyto-Morphologic Approach to Diagnosis

1 Asst. Professor of Pathology, Tezpur Medical College, Assam Former Demonstrator, Department of Pathology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam 2 Director, Lab & Blood Bank, Rahman Hospitals Pvt. Ltd. Guwahati, Assam Former Prof. & HOD, Deptt. Of Pathology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam Corresponding Author Dr U.C. Dutta Abstract Background: Thyroid nodular lesions are common clinical problems worldwide for which surgical intervention was the treatment of choice in many cases. Thus, it is challenging for the pathologist to distinguish the neoplastic nodule from non neoplastic ones and further, categorize the malignant tumors wherever possible. Objective: The objective of this study was to cytological evaluation of FNAC based on the Bethesda thyroid FNA classification system in evaluation of thyroid nodules as well as correlate relevant cases them histopathologically. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted over 3 years. Fine needle aspiration was done by palpation or ultrasound guided, using a fine (25 G) needle, and cytological smears were stained by Giemsa, H&E and Papanicolaou stain. The cytological findings were classified according to the BSRTC. Results: Of the 154 cases examined, benign lesions were the most common (92.1%), followed by atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (4.5 %),malignant (3.9%), suspicious for follicular neoplasm/follicular neoplasm (3.9%), and suspicious for malignancy (3.1%). Good cyto-histological correlation (94.4%) was observed. Only 4.5% smears were non-diagnostic. Conclusions: FNAC is a simple, safe and cost-effective diagnostic modality in the investigation of thyroid disease with high specificity and accuracy. Accurately evaluated, it can reduce surgical intervention in many patients. However, histopathological diagnosis of thyroid nodules is still the gold standard for thyroid lesions.
Investigations into membrane protrusions mediated by IRSp53 IMD

Cells depend on the actin cytoskeleton and the structures it forms for a wide range of processes. IRSp53 acts downstream of cytoskeleton master regulators Rac and Cdc42 in the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia, respectively. IRSp53 interacts with many other effectors in the formation of these structures, via various protein interaction domains. IRSp53 also contains an IMD (IRSp53/MIM homology domain), which is able to induce formation of filopodia-like structures when overexpressed in cells. Early reports suggested that the IMD exerts its effect by bundling actin filaments. However, the structure of the IMD revealed that it is related to BAR domains, which can induce membrane curvature by binding to membranes. It is still unsure whether IMD activity is dependent on actin or membrane interactions, or both. Data are presented here showing that actin destabilizing drug cytochalasin D prevents extension of IMD protrusions, suggesting a role for actin in this process. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments suggest that a large proportion of IMD is stably associated with the protrusions. Finally, in vitro lipid binding experiments suggest that IMD binds to membranes by mainly electrostatic interactions. These findings suggest that IMD activity may depend on interactions with both actin filaments and membranes.
Carpal Kinematics following Sequential Scapholunate Ligament Sectioning

Abstract Background The scapholunate ligament (SLL) is the most commonly injured intercarpal ligament of the wrist. It is the primary stabilizer of the scapholunate (SL) joint, but the scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) and radioscaphocapitate (RSC) ligaments may also contribute to SL stability. The contributions of SL joint stabilizers have been reported previously; however, this study aims to examine their contributions to SL stability using a different methodology than previous studies. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro biomechanical study was to quantify changes in SL kinematics during wrist flexion and extension following a previously untested sequential sectioning series of the SL ligament and secondary stabilizers. Methods Eight cadaveric upper extremities underwent active wrist flexion and extension in a custom motion wrist simulator. SL kinematics were captured with respect to the distal radius. A five-stage sequential sectioning protocol was performed, with data analyzed from 45-degree wrist flexion to 45-degree wrist extension. Results Wrist flexion and extension caused the lunate to adopt a more extended posture following sectioning of the SLL and secondary stabilizers compared with the intact state (p < 0.009). The isolated disruption to the dorsal portion of the SLL did not result in significant change in lunate kinematics compared with the intact state (p > 0.05). Scaphoid kinematics were altered in wrist flexion following sequential sectioning (p = 0.013). Additionally, disruption of the primary and secondary stabilizers caused significant change to SL motion in both wrist flexion and wrist extension (p < 0.03). Conclusions The SLL is the primary stabilizer of the SL articulation, with the STT and RSC ligaments playing secondary stabilization roles. Clinical Relevance Understanding the role primary and secondary SL joint stabilizers may assist in the development of more effective treatment strategies and patient outcomes following SLL injuries.
Medical Errors and Patient Safety Education: Views of Intern Doctors

Medical errors and patient safety have become increasingly important in the area of medical research in the recent years. World health Organization and other international committees have long been recommending the early integration of education about errors and patient safety in undergraduate and graduate medical education. To integrate patient safety education into existing curriculum views of the doctors towards patient safety education is an important issue. This descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out to explore the views of intern doctors regarding medical error and patient safety education in undergraduate medical education of Bangladesh. The study was carried out in seven (three public and four private) medical colleges of Bangladesh over a period from July 2014 to June 2015. Study population was 400 intern doctors. Data were collected by self-administered structured questionnaire. The existing curriculum was also reviewed to find out patient safety issues. The study revealed that the topic medical error and patient safety were mostly neglected in the curriculum. But the intern doctors had positive attitude towards patient safety education. A total of 84.8% of the intern doctors with a high average score of 4.24 agreed that teaching students about patient safety should be a priority in medical students training while 87.8% agreed that learning about patient safety before graduation from medical colleges would produce more effective doctors. Among the respondents 76.6% expected more training on patient safety. Almost half of the participants (52.3%) reported that they had been assigned to tasks for which they were not trained or where medical errors could have happened easily (57.5 %). From this study it can be concluded that, there was a distinct need for more education and training in the field of medical error and patient safety among the intern doctors.
The New Zealand beeches: Ecology, utilisation, and management

Provides information on most aspects of the ecology, utilization and management of the beech forests. The taxonomic characteristics and history of nothofagus are covered, along with the distribution and composition of the beech forests throughout New Zealand. An analysis of the physical and biotic factors affecting the beech forest ecosystem follows, and research on the life history of the beeches is presented. The utilization and management of the forests are then discussed against this ecological background. The scope of the book should make it a useful reference for scientists, foresters and students.
Safety of meat, milk, and eggs from animals fed crops derived from modern biotechnology

As the global land area of biotechnology-derived crops modified for agronomic input traits such as herbicide tolerance and/or insect resistance continues to increase, these crops have become an increasingly important source of feedstuffs for farm animals, and it is important to review the safety of meat, milk, and eggs derived from animals fed these crops. Once the safety of the newly expressed protein has been established, then nutritional equivalence between biotechnology-derived (often referred to as “biotech”) crops and conventional varieties can be established through analysis of nutrient composition. Performance, health, and nutrient use by farm animals are similar when fed either conventional or biotechnology-derived crops, and/or their coproducts. Furthermore, no biologically relevant differences in the composition of animal products, including meat, milk, and eggs, have been reported between farm animals fed diets containing commercially available, biotechnology-derived crops and those fed diets containing conventional genetic counterparts. No intact or immunologically reactive fragments of transgenic plant proteins or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have been detected in samples of meat, milk, eggs, lymphocytes, blood, and organ tissue from production ani-mals fed biotechnology-derived crops modified for agronomic input traits. The regulatory processes in place to assess the safety of biotechnology-derived crops have been effective in safeguarding public health. To date, there has been no authenticated case of an adverse health-related incident associated with the consumption of food or feed derived from modern biotechnology. The review of the currently available data concludes that meat, milk, and eggs produced by farm animals fed biotechnology-derived crops are as wholesome, safe, and nutritious as similar products derived from animals fed conventional crops.
Community healthcare professional visits are important determinants of knowledge and practices regarding newborn care among mothers

Objective: This study assessed the knowledge, practices, and factors related to essential newborn care among mothers in a rural community in northern part of India and test its association with accredited social health activists (ASHAs) visits during antenatal and postnatal care. Methods: The study represents the formative phase of the community intervention trial for reducing neonatal mortality implemented in Ballabgarh block of Faridabad district, Haryana, India. Mothers who delivered within 1–6 months in 2012 in rural Ballabgarh before the interview were interviewed at home for knowledge and practices (KP) related to cord care, breastfeeding, thermal care, baby handling, and healthcare seeking including danger signs and free ambulance services. A KP score of 14 was derived from these domains and a score above 9 was taken as adequate. A logistic regression was used to test the hypothesis that ASHA visits were related to the higher knowledge among mothers when adjusted for other confounders. Results: Of the 1298 mothers, 42.3% (39.7–45.1) did not apply anything on umbilicus; 8.7% (7.3–10.4) were kept in skin-to-skin contact; 65% (62.3–67.6) were exclusively breastfed for 1st month; and 29.7 (27.2–32.3) first bathed their baby within 3 days to. 41% (38.7–44.1) of mothers were rated to have adequate KP. The KP score was significantly less in mothers who delivered at home (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–2.59), or underwent cesarean section (AOR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.12–2.53) or did not have contact with ASHA (AOR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.17–2.29). Conclusion: There is a considerable KP gap in the community. Strengthening and scaling up of ASHA visits could prove to be beneficial for modifying high-risk newborn care norms and practices.
Rôle des pompes à efflux de legionella pneumophila dans la résistance aux biocides et à l’hôte

La multi-resistance aux drogues des bacteries est un probleme majeur en clinique. L’un des mecanismes de resistance consiste a effluer les composes toxiques hors de la cellule grâce a des proteines de la membrane interne nommees pompes d’efflux. Ces proteines appartiennent a cinq familles (MFS, RND, MATE, SMR et ABC) et peuvent fonctionner en association avec deux autres types de proteines (proteine du periplasme et proteine de la membrane externe) pour former un canal. Dans le cadre d’une thematique de recherche basee sur l’etude des mecanismes de resistance auxdrogues de la bacterie pathogene Legionella pneumophila, une approche bioinformatique menee sur lesgenomes de trois souches sequences (souches Lens, Paris et Philadelphia) a permis d’identifier des proteinespouvant participer a l’efflux. Notre but a ete de verifier l’implication de ces proteines dans la resistance auxdrogues et dans la virulence de Legionella en ciblant un ou plusieurs genes codant pour des composants desystemes d’efflux. Pour inactiver les genes, nous avons choisi une strategie de recombinaison homologue. Lesrecombinants ont ete testes pour leur sensibilite a des composes toxiques afin de voir si les genes cibles jouentun role dans l’efflux d’E. coli. Un de ces mutants, le mutant MF201, altere pour le gene codant pour une proteinehomologue a TolC chez E. coli s’est avere etre 2 a 16 fois plus sensible aux drogues testees compare a lasouche sauvage. De plus, ce mutant presente un defaut important de virulence dans Acanthamoeba castellanii,Dictyostelium discoideum et les macrophages U937. Ce premier resultat implique que la proteine TolC-like deLegionella aurait un role clef dans la relation hote pathogene et sous-tend un lien entre multi-resistance auxdrogues et virulence. Par ailleurs une etude de l’expression des genes codant pour des pompes a efflux a eteinitiee afin de comprendre leur role au cours du cycle infectieux de Legionella.
Effect of Silver Thiosulfate and Preservative Solutions on the Vase Life of Miniature Carnations1

Short-term or over-night pretreatment with solutions of a silver thiosulfate complex extended the vase life of fresh or stored miniature carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) as much as the continuous use of commercial vase preservatives. Combining the 2 treatments further extended the vase life to 4 times that of control flowers. The time to wilting of the first flower was closely correlated with the mean vase life of all the flowers in a spray.
Utility of envelope T cells in preventing AIDS: HIV-1 and SIV envelope-specific T cells: controlling HIV-1 and SIV infection in pigtail macaques and their utility as a T cell immunogen

Sterilising immunity against HIV-1 infection, whilst ideal, appears an unrealistic vaccination goal in the short term. More achievable is slowing the progression to disease and decreasing transmission by mounting strong T cell and neutralising antibody responses to maintain low viral loads. However, in both acute and chronic infection, mutant virus is selected to escape both arms of the adaptive immune system. Each mutation away from wildtype virus likely incurs at least some reduction in replicative capacity (“fitness”) of the virus. Rapid reversion to wildtype of some immune escape mutations upon transmission, suggests fitness costs may be significant. HIV-1 Envelope is unique in that it is subject to both neutralising antibody and cell-mediated immune responses. Although Envelope is variable between strains, considerable serial pressure and mutational escape from both neutralising antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte attack may result in impaired structure and function. This could ultimately be exploited in HIV vaccine design.
Domestic animal behaviour and welfare

Behaviour is a significant indicator of health in animals and understanding behaviour is the key to good management. Animal behaviour and animal welfare science are fast becoming core topics in the curricula of agriculture and veterinary students.The eagerly awaited fourth edition of "Farm Animal Behaviour and Welfare" builds on the coverage of the previous edition, fully updating it to take into account developments over the last 10 years. This new edition covers companion animals as well as farm animal species including farmed fish. It is an indispensable textbook covering the major and growing areas in agricultural and veterinary science and practice.
SEASONAL EFFECTS ON THE HEMATOLOGY AND BLOOD PLASMA PROTEINS OF TWO SPECIES OF MICE MUS MUSCULUS DOMESTICUS AND M. SPRETUS (RODENTIA: MURIDAE) FROM PORTUGAL

Blood samples were taken from Mus musculus domesticus (Rutty, 1772) and M. sprehts (Lataste, 1883), live-trapped at one month intervals, from September 88 to July 89, in the district of Lisbon, Portugal. The seasonal hematological variations in the cornmensal species, M. musculiis domesticus, were characterized by an increase in red blood cells, hernoglobin and hematocrit values in winter which reverse during summer. On the contrary, in M. sprefus hematocrit values slightly change throughout the year. In both species the albumin/globulin ratio was low in spring and high in autumn. These results were analysed and discussed taking into 'account environmental factors and physiological conditions of mice.
Integrated nitrogen management through biofertilizers in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata)

A study was carried out during the years 2002-03 and 2003-04 to study the response of integrating biofertilizers with chemical nitrogen fertilizer in cabbage. The treatment combinations comprised 3 nitrogen levels (80, 60 and 40% of the recommended dose), 2 biofertilizers (Azotobacter and Azospirillum) and 2 methods of biofertilizer application (soil and seed application) along with the control (recommended dose of chemical fertilizer). The treatment combination 80% N + Azospirillecrn as soiVseed application was the best giving marketable yield atleast at par with the control. The biofertilizer Azotobacter or Azospirilhtm could effect economy up to 20% of the recommended dose of nitrogen under the agroclimatic conditions prevailing at Palampur.
The effect of hyposmotic shock on motility and calcium signalling of human spermatozoa

Chloride (Cl\(^-\)) channels are thought to be implicated in volume regulation of human spermatozoa, a process vital for diverse cell functions. The Cl\(^-\) channel blockers DIDS, NPPB and niflumic acid were utilized to evaluate the influence of Cl\(^-\) channels on motility, morphology and [Ca\(^{2+}\)]\(_i\) signaling of human spermatozoa exposed to hyposmotic shock (295, 270 and 200 mOsm, equivalent to the osmotic conditions of cervical mucus, fallopian tubes, and non physiological respectively). At 295 and 270 mOsm, 50 and 100 μM DIDS inhibited motility whereas 400 μM abolished it. 400 μM DIDS augmented the percentage of sperm with coiled tails. Conversely, 100 μM NPPB and 200 μM niflumic acid did not affect motility or the number of coiled sperm. Immunodetection studies showed that DIDS inhibited serine/threonine phosphorylation of proteins in sperm cells, suggesting that DIDS (50, 100 and 400 μM) inhibits the production of cAMP. When sperm cells were exposed to hyposmotic shock there was a substantial increase in [Ca\(^{2+}\)]\(_i\) that exhibited a biphasic behaviour, with a transient peak of fluorescence immediately followed by a plateau with levels that remain more elevated than those observed during the control period, suggesting an important role for Ca\(^{2+}\) stores in volume regulation of human sperm. This increase in [Ca\(^{2+}\)]\(_i\) was independent of extracellular Ca\(^{2+}\). All the Cl\(^-\) channel blockers caused a significant rise in [Ca\(^{2+}\)]\(_i\) on their own, but only DIDS and niflumic acid attenuated the increase in [Ca\(^{2+}\)]\(_i\) caused by osmotic stress. Thus, though Cl- channel blockers have profound effects on motility and cause flagellar angulation in human sperm, their effects on [Ca\(^{2+}\)]\(_i\) signaling are such that conclusions on the role of Cl- channels in RVD of human sperm, based upon use of Cl\(^-\)-channel blockers, must be interpreted cautiously. In addition, DIDS may be affecting the HCO\(_3\)\(^-\) / Cl\(^-\) exchanger, preventing HCO\(_3\)\(^-\) entry into the cells, iii reducing activity of soluble adenylate cyclase and suppressing phosphorylation of proteins essential for sperm motility and volume regulation.
Biodiversité, reproduction et phylogénie des diatomées bleues du genre Haslea et valorisation de leurs pigments de type marennine

La diatomee Haslea ostrearia a longtemps ete consideree comme le seul organisme apte a produire un pigment surnumeraire bleu nomme marennine, connu pour son role dans le verdissement des branchies des huitres affinees dans les bassins ostreicoles. Certains des mecanismes et facteurs influencant l’entree de cette diatomee en phase de reproduction sexuee (auxosporulation) ont ete mis en evidence, tels la concentration cellulaire, la qualite de l’eclairement incident, ou le preconditionnement des algues. La decouverte dans le cadre d’un projet europeen, de populations de diatomees apparentees a H. ostrearia en divers points du globe a conduit a la description et l’identification de trois nouvelles especes de diatomees bleues : Haslea silbo sp. nov. des iles Canaries, Haslea karadagensis sp. nov., provenant de Mer Noire et Haslea provencialis sp. nov. de Mediterranee Occidentale. La premiere phylogenie moleculaire de ces especes de diatomees bleues, ainsi que d’autres especes de diatomees appartenant au genre Haslea, a ete realisee en utilisant trois marqueurs genetiques, la cassette ribosomale ITS1-5,8S-ITS2, le gene chloroplastique rbcL ainsi qu’un fragment du gene mitochondrial cox1. Ces trois marqueurs moleculaires montrent que les diatomees bleues forment un clade distinct au sein du genre Haslea. De plus, l’existence de deux populations d’H. ostrearia originaires des cotes francaises et suedoises sexuellement compatibles a permis d’etudier la variabilite genetique intraspecifique, en mettant en evidence quelques differences au niveau de la sequence du gene cox1. Ces differences ont egalement permis d’etudier chez la progeniture obtenue par croisements de ces populations, la repartition et l’heritabilite de l’ADN mitochondrial. Par ailleurs, la spectophotometrie UV-visible et la spectometrie Raman ont ete utilisees pour poursuivre la caracterisation physico-chimique des pigments bleus de ces diatomees. L’existence de pigments distincts chez les nouvelles especes de diatomees bleues a permis de proposer une premiere classification chimiotaxonomique. Enfin, les activites biologiques de la marennine et du pigment de l’espece ukrainienne, H. karadagensis, ont ete etudiees grâce a la determination de leurs proprietes antibacteriennes et antivirales.