Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematics of the Dioryctria abietella Species Group (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Based on Mitochondrial DNA

Abstract Coneworms of the genus Dioryctria Zeller include several serious pests of conifer seeds that are notoriously difficult to distinguish as species. We surveyed mitochondrial DNA variation within the abietella species group by sequencing 451 bp of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 572 bp of cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 (COII) genes from 64 individuals of six major species in the group. In addition to examining phylogenetic relationships within European members of the group, the study focused on the two most damaging species, D. abietivorella Grote from North America and D. abietella Denis & Schiffermüller from Europe and Asia, which have been considered taxonomically synonymous in the past. To detect different levels of divergence, we extensively sampled in seed orchards and natural forests for D. abietella on different hosts. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses confirmed the monophyly of the abietella species group and its separation into three clades. The grouping of North American species (clade A) received strong support in both analyses, whereas relationships between clade A and the two European clades were weakly supported. Dioryctria simplicella Heinemann could not be unambiguously separated from D. abietella populations. The diverse haplotypes observed in the network analysis conducted with eight populations of polyphagous D. abietella suggested the presence of two distinct lineages in France.
The allele and genotype frequencies of bovine pituitary- specific transcription factor and leptin genes in Iranian cattle and buffalo populations using PCR-RFLP

The use of polymorphic markers in breeding programmes could make selection more accurate and efficient. A total of 324 individuals from six Iranian cattle populations (Sarabi, Golpayegani, Sistani, Taleshi, Mazandarani, Dashtiyari), F 1 Golpayegani × Brown Swiss and Iranian buffalo populations were genotyped for the Pit-1 HinfI and leptin Sau3AI polymorphisms by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The genotype and gene frequencies for each breed were determined and shown to be quite variable among the breeds. The highest frequencies of allele B for the leptin gene and allele A for the Pit-1 gene were found in Dashtiyari and Sistani cattle, respectively. According to our results, the highest AB genotype frequencies were found in the Taleshi and F 1 Golpayegani x Brown Swiss cross for the leptin and Pit-1 genes, respectively. These allele frequencies were comparable to previously published data on exotic breeds. The highest and lowest heterozygosities were found in Taleshi and Dashtiyari cattle for the leptin gene and in F 1 Golpayegani x Brown Swiss cross and Sistani cattle for the Pit-1 gene, respectively. These values indicated the presence of low variation for these genes in the studied populations. The possible association between molecular polymorphisms within these candidate genes and economic traits for the studied populations should be further investigated.
Fungicidal Activity of Volatiles from Selected Cruciferous Plants against Resting Propagules of Soil‐borne Fungal Pathogens

The efficacy of volatiles evolved from tissues of nine cruciferous plants against resting propagules of Fusarium oxysporum var radicis f. sp. lycopersici, Sclerotium cepivorum, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was tested. The cruciferous plants released biocidal compounds, mainly isothiocyanates, produced during the enzymatic degradation of glucosinolates present in the plant cells. Among the plants investigated, the highest fungicidal activity and also the highest concentration of isothiocyanates were found in Brassica juncea. The resting propagules of tested fungi differed significantly in their sensitivity towards volatiles released from plant tissues. Zusammenfassung Fungizide Aktivitat von fluchtigen Inhaltsstoffen ausgewahlter Kreuzblutler gegen Dauerstadien bodenburtiger pflanzenpathogener Pilze Untersucht wurde die Wirkung fluchtiger Inhaltsstoffe aus den Geweben von neun Kreuzblutlern gegen Dauerstadien von Fusarium oxysporum var. radicis f. sp. lycopersici, Sclerotium cepivorum und Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Die Kreuzblutler setzten biozid wirkende Verbindungen - vor allem Isothiocyanate - frei, die wahrend des enzymatischen Abbaus der in den Pflanzenzellen enthaltenen Glucosinolate enstanden waren. Bei Brassica juncea war die fungizide Aktivitat und auch die Isothiocy-anatkonzentration hoher als bei den anderen gepruften Pflanzen. Die Dauerstadien der getesteten Pilze unterschieden sich hinsichtlich ihrer Empfindlichkeit gegenuber den fluchtigen Inhaltstoffen der Pflanzengewebe signifikant voneinander.
A revised checklist of Fijian ferns and lycophytes

A revised Checklist of 331 species of Fijian ferns and lycophytes is presented here. Six species are presumed to be introduced and 48 (15%) are endemic. The annotated list includes family, genus and species names for all Fijian ferns, and aligns them with names used by Brownlie (1977) in his Pteridophyte Flora of Fiji. Since publication of Brownlie’s work, 29 species have been added to the Fijian fern flora, 79 of the previously recorded taxa now have different generic and/or species names, and c. 40% are placed in different families. Specimens of ferns in the South Pacific Regional Herbarium (SUVA) were examined, and all have been re-identified as far as possible using the updated names. The significance of this work in the context of the wider Pacific region is discussed.
Unintended Consequences: Effects of Foreign Direct Investment in Resource Extraction on Ethnic Conflict

ing from the narrow results of SS13, it is important to consider how REFDI allows actors to manipulate resource rents to change group status and levels of contestable resources. Let's say that a country in which most people identify ethnically receives an increase in REFDI from an MNC. The country could choose to distribute
Variations in stomatal density and index: implications for palaeoclimatic reconstructions

The variation in stomatal characters in leaves from one Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. tree is analysed. Measurements were taken from over 70 sites on the abaxial surfaces of representative ‘sun’ and ‘shade’ leaves having the same insertion point. The mean values of stomatal density and index in the shade leaf were significantly lower (71 and 93%, respectively) than those for the sun leaf. Within leaves, up to 2.5-fold differences in stomatal density values were observed. Contour maps derived from the data reveal non-random trends over the leaf surface. Correlations between stomatal density, epidermal cell density and stomatal index indicate that the variation in stomatal density within leaves arose primarily from local differences in stomatal differentiation, rather than from local differences in leaf expansion. This research demonstrates that a high level of variation in stomatal characters occurs both within and between leaves. We conclude that a well-defined sampling strategy should be used when estimating stomatal characters for (tree) leaves. Furthermore, the leaf's insertion point and situation within the tree crown should be taken into account. We discuss the implications of these findings for palaeoclimatic interpretations and emphasize the need for great caution when drawing conclusions based solely on stomatal characters.
Leonardo Polo's Integrative Dynamic as a Philosophical Framework for Understanding Neuroscience

Neuroscience requires theoretical frameworks to conceptualize and interpret the results of research, especially given the current trend that calls for functional integration in order to understand the brain. Leonardo Polo's philosophy may be an appropriate interpretive framework in this regard, since both the dynamics of his thought about human beings and current advances in neuroscience work in terms of integration. I thus trace Polo's understanding of human life and the anthropological scheme of his philosophy, in order to verify that it unfolds within the paradigm of integration. To ensure this, I will first discuss the way the term integration will be understood in this paper.
Biofilm modelling on the contact lenses and comparison of the in vitro activities of multipurpose lens solutions and antibiotics

During the contact lens (CL) usage, microbial adhesion and biofilm formation are crucial threats for eye health due to the development of mature biofilms on CL surfaces associated with serious eye infections such as keratitis. For CL related eye infections, multi drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus (especially MRSA) and Candida albicans are the most common infectious bacteria and yeast, respectively. In this study, CL biofilm models were created by comparing them to reveal the differences on specific conditions. Then the anti-biofilm activities of some commercially available multipurpose CL solutions (MPSs) and antibiotic eye drops against mature biofilms of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans standard and clinical strains were determined by the time killing curve (TKC) method at 6, 24 and 48 h. According to the biofilm formation models, the optimal biofilms occurred in a mixture of bovine serum albumin (20% v/v) and lysozyme (2 g/L) diluted in PBS at 37 °C for 24 h, without shaking. When we compared the CL types under the same conditions, the strongest biofilms according to their cell density, were formed on Pure Vision ≥ Softens 38 > Acuve 2 ∼ Softens Toric CLs. When we compared the used CLs with the new ones, a significant increase at the density of biofilms on the used CLs was observed. The most active MPS against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms at 24 h was Opti-Free followed by Bio-True and Renu according to the TKC analyses. In addition, the most active MPS against C. albicans was Renu followed by Opti-Free and Bio-True at 48 h. None of the MPSs showed 3 Log bactericidal/fungicidal activity, except for Opti-Free against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms during 6 h contact time. Moreover, all studied antibiotic eye drops were active against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms on CLs at 6 h and 24 h either directly or as 1/10 concentration, respectively. According to the results of the study, anti-biofilm activities of MPSs have changed depending on the chemical ingredients and contact times of MPSs, the type of infectious agent, and especially the CL type and usage time.
Farming system and cultivation constraints in African yam Dioscorea dumetorum (Pax, Kunth) production in Benin

Dioscorea dumetorum is one of the important cultivated yams that significantly contribute to food security and poverty alleviation in Benin. However, the potential of this tuber crop is under-exploited and its production completely neglected by research and development policies. The objective of this study was then to document the indigenous knowledge related to its traditional farming system, agronomic practices and constraints that limit its production in Benin. Therefore, an ethnobotanical survey was conducted in seventy-eight (78) villages covering the major production areas in the country. The results revealed that D. dumetorum cultivation was mainly traditional and dominated by male, adults and old farmers while the participation of youth and women was found minimal. According to farmers, this yam was a less-demanding crop, requiring no specific input. Four main cropping systems practiced by farmers were identified. These were crop-association (50.53% of respondents), monoculture (20.47%), crop-rotation (18.86%) and home gardens planting (10.14%). Besides, seven approaches (use of basket, garret, straw hut, bag, shade, hole and pile) were practiced for postharvest storage of tubers. Finally, diverse range of constraints, including the susceptibility of tubers to termites and rodents in storage or in late harvesting, the frequent occurrence of drought during sprouting time, tubers’ hardening in storage making them unsuitable for pounding, the presence of roots on tubers, were reported to impede D. dumetorum production. The important ethnobotanical data recorded here are useful for breeding programs but also in defining appropriate strategies for conservation and valorization of D. dumetorum in Benin.
The Effect of Organizational Identification on Organizational Commitment

Design/methodology/approach – Within the framework of the existing literature, two Likert type scales were used to measure the conceptual structures. The measurement tools were distributed to 275 participants consisting of white-collar employees working in trade, service and production companies operating in Istanbul. In total, 243 respondents filled out the questionnaires, however, 30 of them were evaluated as invalid due to the missing information. Finally, statistical analyses were performed based on the data of 213 respondents. The research was conducted by IBM SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 23.0 software. In addition to the main hypothesis, the relationships between organizational commitment and demographic variables such as age, status and work experience were investigated through statistical analysis.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ABOUT BODY COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT SIS, SHELL FISH AND ILISH; COMMONLY AVAILABLE IN BANGLADESH

To estimate and compare the body comparisons six small indigenous species (SIS) (Ailiichthys punctata, Clupisoma psendeutropius atherinoides, Puntius sarana, Gudusia chapra, Corica soborna), One anadromous fish (Tenualosa ilisha) and two shell fishes (Macrobrachium and Penaeus spp) were collected and subjected to biochemical composition through moisture, protein, ash and fat determination. Considerable variations were observed in the proximate composition of different fish species. A classification based on the protein and oil content of the fish indicated that most of the fishes of Bangladesh are subjected to high protein and low or medium group (15% protein and 5-10% oil). Present study demonstrates that all the experimented fish contain higher nutrient value that are not less than the larger fish and helps to decrease the nutrient deficiency of our country people.
The Testing of Williamson’s Hypothesis in View of the Social and Economic Development of Microregions in Hungary

his study aims at testing a hypothesis published by Jeffrey G. Williamson in 1965, according to which the correlation between the state of development and inner differentiation of individual area units can be described with an inverse U-shape curve. For the purpose of measurements, we have worked out a complex relative development index to perform, in space and time, a comparative analysis of the social and economic development of the area units under review. We have tested the practical applicability of the hypothesis through time and cross-sectional examinations, compared our results with the findings of others and provided an overall assessment.
Design of gob venting wells for longwall coal mining with the use of computational fluid dynamics

The study was aimed at decreasing the costs of gas generation management in gob workings at the expense of determining the optimum parameters of gob degassing using vertical degassing wells drilled from the surface of the earth. The experience of using various gob degassing schemes in mines of Russia and the United States has been analyzed. A model has been developed for numerical studies of the air-gas dynamics processes in the gob during excavation of beds in long faces, and parameters of degassing schemes have been determined, where methane concentration does not exceed the maximum allowable concentration. As a result of the numerical studies, the use of the degassing scheme has been proposed with the use of one row of drainage holes on the side of the vent working. Costs of degassing have been assessed showing that the use of the proposed gob degassing scheme ensures the cost reduction on the average by $1.3 million per year for a single longwall. The key areas of future research have been determined.
Detection of epistasis for plant height and leaf area per plant in maize (Zea mays L.) from generation means analysis.

The role of gene action and interactions in the inheritance of two physiologic traits in maize was ex- amined through generations' means analysis in a field study during 2005 and 2006 at CCRI, Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan. A total of 20 genotypes including 4 parents, 4 F1s, 4 F2s, 4 BC1s and 4 BC2s were evaluated in a random- ized complete block design with 3 replications. Data were recorded for leaf area and plant height on plant basis. A combined analysis of variance for generation means across years was carried. Genetic effects were estimated by method of weighted least square, using appropriate weights (coefficients) for each generation mean equation. Significant differences among generation means were indi- cated. Chi square values were significant for all crosses in both traits according to a joint scaling test. Six parameters model was applied to accommodate the digenic epistatic interactions. Significant dominance effects were indicated in all crosses for both traits and these effects were much higher in magnitude than their corresponding additive ef- fects. All crosses in the study also indicated significant ad- ditive x dominance effects for leaf area. Significant addi- tive x additive effects were also present in some crosses for the two traits. Complementary and duplicate gene in- teractions appeared operative in the inheritance of leaf area trait. Duplicate gene interactions were seen function- ing in controlling plant height in most crosses. Epistasis played a considerable role in controlling leaf area and plant height traits. Improvement in these two physiological plant traits could be much slower in a selection program.
The Effect of Altruism Behavior, Peer Support and Leader Support on Employee Voice1

Research Article Purpose – Employees spend a significant part of their daily routines and lives at workplace. Accordingly, the expectations of employees from their workplaces, employers, supervisors or managers may be high during their working life. When the employees, the most important and valuable elements of the workplace, receive support from their peers and leaders, and when they possess altruism behavior, they will exhibit voice behaviors, thus not only increasing their own welfare but also contributing to the development and profitability of the workplace. Therefore, in this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of altruism as a behavior, peer support and leader support on employee voice.
STEEL BRIDGES WITH NEGATIVE SAG UNDER CONCENTRATED OR DISTRIBUTED MOVING MASS-LOADS

This work deals with the linear dynamic response of simply supported light (steel) bridges with negative sag under moving concentrated or distributed mass-loads of constant magnitude and velocity. The present analysis focuses on the determination of the influence limits of both the concentrated and the distributed mass-loads on the bridges’ vibration in relation to their velocity and to the sag magnitude of the bridge. The individual and coupling effect of these parameters on the dynamic response of the bridge are thoroughly discussed herein. A variety of numerical examples allow one to draw important conclusions for structural design purposes.
A progress report on the development of a meat Merino line in South Australia (the Fibre Meat Plus).

A line of Merino sheep (Fibre Meat Plus) with a breeding objective aiming to enhance performance in traits related to meat production (reproductive rate, growth rate, carcase attributes and meat quality) with minimum possible compromise in wool production and fleece characteristics is being assembled in South Australia. The project has been initiated and will be run with significant input from producers. Preliminary results suggest that this line already differs to the existing SA Selection Demonstration Flocks run by SARDI.
In vitro propagation of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. from shoot apex explants

In vitro rapid micropropagation of Withania somnifera ; has been achieved using shoot apex explants, when cultured on MS medium with different auxins: Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) 0.5-4 mg/l, Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) 2 mg/l and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) 0.5-3 mg/l and cytokinin: Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) 0.5-4 mg/l. NAA and BAP stimulated direct as well as callus mediated multiple shoot. IBA alone and in combination with IAA stimulated rhizogenesis, while IBA with NAA proliferated callus-mediated rhizogenesis. The rooted plantlets through sequential hardening process could be established in the field.
Cardiac growth in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

Relative ventricular mass, percent compact myocardium, total protein, DNA content, and myocyte size were determined for rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, ranging in size from 10 to 2000 g. Ventricular mass, ventricular total protein, and DNA content increased linearly with body size. The DNA to protein ratio was reduced slightly over a 100-fold range of body size. Myocyte size increased with heart size. However, the estimated 1.7-fold increase in myocyte volume for a 10-fold increase in heart weight was incompatible with a corresponding 10-fold increase in total protein. Since DNA content increased 10-fold it is suggested that long-term cardiac growth in rainbow trout involves both hyperplasia and hypertrophy.
Learning to predict pain: differences in people with persistent neck pain and pain-free controls

Background Learning to predict threatening events enables an organism to engage in protective behavior and prevent harm. Failure to differentiate between cues that truly predict danger and those that do not, however, may lead to indiscriminate fear and avoidance behaviors, which in turn may contribute to disability in people with persistent pain. We aimed to test whether people with persistent neck pain exhibit contingency learning deficits in predicting pain relative to pain-free, gender-and age-matched controls. Method We developed a differential predictive learning task with a neck pain-relevant scenario. During the acquisition phase, images displaying two distinct neck positions were presented and participants were asked to predict whether these neck positions would lead to pain in a fictive patient with persistent neck pain (see fictive patient scenario details in Appendix A). After participants gave their pain-expectancy judgment in the hypothetical scenario, the verbal outcome (PAIN or NO PAIN) was shown on the screen. One image (CS+) was followed by the outcome “PAIN”, while another image (CS−) was followed by the outcome “NO PAIN”. During the generalization phase, novel but related images depicting neck positions along a continuum between the CS+ and CS− images (generalization stimuli; GSs) were introduced to assess the generalization of acquired predictive learning to the novel images; the GSs were always followed by the verbal outcome “NOTES UNREADABLE” to prevent extinction learning. Finally, an extinction phase was included in which all images were followed by “NO PAIN” assessing the persistence of pain-expectancy judgments following disconfirming information. Results Differential pain-expectancy learning was reduced in people with neck pain relative to controls, resulting from patients giving significantly lower pain-expectancy judgments for the CS+, and significantly higher pain-expectancy judgments for the CS−. People with neck pain also demonstrated flatter generalization gradients relative to controls. No differences in extinction were noted. Discussion The results support the hypothesis that people with persistent neck pain exhibit reduced differential pain-expectancy learning and flatter generalization gradients, reflecting deficits in predictive learning. Contrary to our hypothesis, no differences in extinction were found. These findings may be relevant to understanding behavioral aspects of chronic pain.