Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nature of β-1,3-Glucan-Exposing Features on Candida albicans Cell Wall and Their Modulation

Microbes that coexist with humans have evolved ways of avoiding or evading our immunological defenses. These include the masking by these microbes of their “pathogen-associated molecular patterns” (PAMPs), which are recognized as “foreign” and used to activate protective immunity. ABSTRACT Candida albicans exists as a commensal of mucosal surfaces and the gastrointestinal tract without causing pathology. However, this fungus is also a common cause of mucosal and systemic infections when antifungal immune defenses become compromised. The activation of antifungal host defenses depends on the recognition of fungal pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as β-1,3-glucan. In C. albicans, most β-1,3-glucan is present in the inner cell wall, concealed by the outer mannan layer, but some β-1,3-glucan becomes exposed at the cell surface. In response to host signals, such as lactate, C. albicans induces the Xog1 exoglucanase, which shaves exposed β-1,3-glucan from the cell surface, thereby reducing phagocytic recognition. We show here that β-1,3-glucan is exposed at bud scars and punctate foci on the lateral wall of yeast cells, that this exposed β-1,3-glucan is targeted during phagocytic attack, and that lactate-induced masking reduces β-1,3-glucan exposure at bud scars and at punctate foci. β-1,3-Glucan masking depends upon protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. We reveal that inactivating PKA, or its conserved downstream effectors, Sin3 and Mig1/Mig2, affects the amounts of the Xog1 and Eng1 glucanases in the C. albicans secretome and modulates β-1,3-glucan exposure. Furthermore, perturbing PKA, Sin3, or Mig1/Mig2 attenuates the virulence of lactate-exposed C. albicans cells in Galleria. Taken together, the data are consistent with the idea that β-1,3-glucan masking contributes to Candida pathogenicity. IMPORTANCE Microbes that coexist with humans have evolved ways of avoiding or evading our immunological defenses. These include the masking by these microbes of their “pathogen-associated molecular patterns” (PAMPs), which are recognized as “foreign” and used to activate protective immunity. The commensal fungus Candida albicans masks the proinflammatory PAMP β-1,3-glucan, which is an essential component of its cell wall. Most of this β-1,3-glucan is hidden beneath an outer layer of the cell wall on these microbes, but some can become exposed at the fungal cell surface. Using high-resolution confocal microscopy, we examine the nature of the exposed β-1,3-glucan at C. albicans bud scars and at punctate foci on the lateral cell wall, and we show that these features are targeted by innate immune cells. We also reveal that downstream effectors of protein kinase A (Mig1/Mig2, Sin3) regulate the secretion of major glucanases, modulate the levels of β-1,3-glucan exposure, and influence the virulence of C. albicans in an invertebrate model of systemic infection. Our data support the view that β-1,3-glucan masking contributes to immune evasion and the virulence of a major fungal pathogen of humans.
Electroretinography in adults with high‐functioning autism spectrum disorder

The electroretinogram (ERG) allows the investigation of retinal signaling pathways and has increasingly been applied in individuals with mental disorders in search for potential biomarkers of neurodevelopmental disorders. Preceding ERG examinations in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) showed inconsistent results, which might be due to the small number of participants, heterogeneity of the ASD population, differences in age ranges, and stimulation methods. The aim of this study was to investigate functional retinal responses in adults with ASD by means of the light‐adapted (photopic) ERG. Light‐adapted ERG measurements were obtained with the RETeval® system applying three different stimulation protocols. In the final analysis, the ERG parameters a‐wave, b‐wave, the photopic negative response (PhNR), the photopic hill parameters as well as additional amplitude ratios were compared between 32 adults with high‐functioning ASD and 31 non‐autistic controls. Both groups were matched with regard to sex and age. No significant functional retinal differences in amplitude or peak time of the a‐ or b‐wave, PhNR, the photopic hill parameters or the ERG‐amplitude ratios could be detected in individuals with ASD compared to non‐autistic participants. The absence of electrophysiological functional retinal alterations in ASD, suggests that changes in visual perception, such as increased attention to detail or visual hypersensitivity in ASD, are not due to impairments at early levels of retinal signal processing.
A new procedure for defining a homogenous line-list for solar-type stars

Context. The homogenization of the stellar parameters is an important goal for large observational spectroscopic surveys, but it is very difficult to achieve it because of the diversity of the spectroscopic analysis methods used within a survey, such as spectrum synthesis and the equivalent width method. To solve this problem, constraints to the spectroscopic analysis can be set, such as the use of a common line-list. Aims. We present a procedure for selecting the best spectral lines from a given input line-list, which then allows us to derive accurate stellar parameters with the equivalent width method. Methods. To select the lines, we used four very well known benchmark stars, for which we have high-quality spectra. From an initial line-list, the equivalent width of each individual line was automatically measured for each benchmark star using ARES, then we performed a local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis with MOOG to compute individual abundances. The results allowed us to choose the best lines, which give consistent abundance values for all the benchmark stars from which we then created a final line-list. Results. To verify its consistency, the compiled final line-list was tested for a small sample of stars. These stars were selected to cover different ranges in the parameter space for FGK stars. We show that the obtained parameters agree well with previously determined values.
The Herschel Lensing Survey (HLS): Overview

The Herschel Lensing Survey (HLS) will conduct deep PACS and SPIRE imaging of ∼40 massive clusters of galaxies. The strong gravitational lensing power of these clusters will enable us to penetrate through the confusion noise, which sets the ultimate limit on our ability to probe the Universe with Herschel. Here we present an overview of our survey and a summary of the major results from our science demonstration phase (SDP) observations of the Bullet cluster (z = 0.297). The SDP data are rich and allow us to study not only the background high-redshift galaxies (e.g., strongly lensed and distorted galaxies at z = 2.8 and 3.2) but also the properties of cluster-member galaxies. Our preliminary analysis shows a great diversity of far-infrared/submillimeter spectral energy distributions (SEDs), indicating that we have much to learn with Herschel about the properties of galaxy SEDs. We have also detected the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect increment with the SPIRE data. The success of this SDP program demonstrates the great potential of the Herschel Lensing Survey to produce exciting results in a variety of science areas.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate improves outcome of no‐reflow acute myocardial infarction via sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 1

Therapeutic options targeting post‐ischaemic cardiac remodelling are sparse. The bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) reduces ischaemia/reperfusion injury. However, its impact on post‐ischaemic remodelling independently of its infarct size (IS)‐reducing effect is yet unknown and was addressed in this study.
RADIATION MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS OF PROTOSTELLAR COLLAPSE: NONIDEAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC EFFECTS AND EARLY FORMATION OF CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS

The transport of angular momentum by magnetic fields is a crucial physical process in the formation and evolution of stars and disks. Because the ionization degree in star-forming clouds is extremely low, nonideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects such as ambipolar diffusion and ohmic dissipation work strongly during protostellar collapse. These effects have significant impacts in the early phase of star formation as they redistribute magnetic flux and suppress angular momentum transport by magnetic fields. We perform three-dimensional nested-grid radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations including ohmic dissipation and ambipolar diffusion. Without these effects, magnetic fields transport angular momentum so efficiently that no rotationally supported disk is formed even after the second collapse. Ohmic dissipation works only in a relatively high density region within the first core and suppresses angular momentum transport, enabling formation of a very small rotationally supported disk after the second collapse. With both ohmic dissipation and ambipolar diffusion, these effects work effectively in almost the entire region within the first core and significant magnetic flux loss occurs. As a result, a rotationally supported disk is formed even before a protostellar core forms. The size of the disk is still small, about 5 AU at the end of the first core phase, but this disk will grow later as gas accretion continues. Thus, the nonideal MHD effects can resolve the so-called magnetic braking catastrophe while keeping the disk size small in the early phase, which is implied from recent interferometric observations.
The impact of face masks on acne‐prone skin in Polish young adults during COVID‐19 pandemic

COVID‐19 pandemic raised many problems for patients with acne‐prone skin: a limited access to health care services, the necessity of developing telemedical consultations also in dermatology, and the usage of face masks. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of respiratory protective measures (type of masks, wearing time during the day) on declared skin condition in patients already diagnosed with acne or reporting acne for the first time. The study was conducted in Poland among 1420 responders using the original authors' questionnaire, of which 1274 responders were included in the final sample. Acne exacerbations were reported as being more frequent and more severe in women than in men. Changing cosmetic products, facial skin decontamination before or after applying masks, the number of days per week that a mask was worn were related to acne exacerbation. The type of mask had no significant impact on the occurrence of acne lesions. Respondents noted that masks contribute significantly to skin condition worsening by exacerbating existing and causing new acne lesions. This phenomenon was particularly observable in women, in whom, according to the research results, new lesions appeared much more frequently. Therefore, there is a need to develop new ways of limiting acne exacerbation during COVID‐19 pandemic.
A moral trade-off system produces intuitive judgments that are rational and coherent and strike a balance between conflicting moral values

Significance Intuitions about right and wrong clash in moral dilemmas. We report evidence that dilemmas activate a moral trade-off system: a cognitive system that is well designed for making trade-offs between conflicting moral values. When asked which option for resolving a dilemma is morally right, many people made compromise judgments, which strike a balance between conflicting moral values by partially satisfying both. Furthermore, their moral judgments satisfied a demanding standard of rational choice: the Generalized Axiom of Revealed Preferences. Deliberative reasoning cannot explain these results, nor can a tug-of-war between emotion and reason. The results are the signature of a cognitive system that weighs competing moral considerations and chooses the solution that maximizes rightness.
A deconvolution map-making method for experiments with circular scanning strategies

Aims. To investigate the performance of a deconvolution map-making algorithm for an experiment with a circular scanning strategy, specifically in this case for the analysis of Planck data, and to quantify the effects of making maps using simplified approximations to the true beams. Methods. We present an implementation of a map-making algorithm which allows the combined treatment of temperature and polarisation data, and removal of instrumental effects, such as detector time constants and finite sampling intervals, as well as the deconvolution of arbitrarily complex beams from the maps. This method may be applied to any experiment with a circular scanning-strategy. Results. Low-resolution experiments were used to demonstrate the ability of this method to remove the effects of arbitrary beams from the maps and to demonstrate the effects on the maps of ignoring beam asymmetries. Additionally, results are presented of an analysis of a realistic full-scale simulated data-set for the Planck LFI 30 GHz channel. Conclusions. Our method successfully removes the effects of the beams from the maps, and although it is computationally expensive, the analysis of the Planck LFI data should be feasible with this approach.
ACCESS – III. The nature of star formation in the Shapley supercluster

We present a joint analysis of panoramic Spitzer/MIPS mid- and far-infrared (MIR/FIR) and GALEX ultraviolet imaging of the most massive and dynamically active structure in the local Universe, the Shapley supercluster at z = 0.048, covering the five clusters that make up the supercluster core. Combining this with existing spectroscopic data from 814 confirmed supercluster members and 1.4-GHz radio continuum maps, this represents the largest complete census of star formation (both obscured and unobscured) in local cluster galaxies to date, extending down to star formation rates (SFRs) ∼ 0.02-0.05 M ⊙ yr -1 . We take advantage of this comprehensive panchromatic data set to perform a detailed analysis of the nature of star formation in cluster galaxies of the kind previously limited to local field galaxy surveys such as SINGS, using several quite independent diagnostics of the quantity and intensity of star formation to develop a coherent view of the types of star formation within cluster galaxies. We observe a robust bimodality in the infrared (f 24 μm /f K ) galaxy colours, which we are able to identify as another manifestation of the broad split into star-forming spiral and passive elliptical galaxy populations seen in UV-optical surveys. This diagnostic also allows the identification of galaxies in the process of having their star formation quenched as the infrared analogue to the ultraviolet 'green valley' population. The bulk of supercluster galaxies on the star-forming sequence have specific-SFRs consistent with local field specific-SFR-M relations of Elbaz et al. (2007), and form a tight FIR-radio correlation (0.24 dex) confirming that their FIR emission is due to star formation. We show that 85 per cent of the global SFR is quiescent star formation within spiral discs, as manifest by the observed sequence in the (L IR /F FUV )-(FUV-NUV) plane - the IRX (infrared-to-ultraviolet ratio)-β relation -being significantly offset from the starburst relation of Kong et al. (2004), while their FIR-radio colours indicate dust heated by low-intensity star formation. Just 15 per cent of the global SFR is due to nuclear starbursts. The vast majority of star formation seen in cluster galaxies comes from normal infalling spirals that have yet to be affected by the cluster environment.
The impact of COVID‐19 on the psychosocial well‐being of older adults: A literature review

Abstract Introduction The novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV2 (COVID‐19) was declared a global pandemic in 2020 with the greatest risk to older adults. Prolonged restrictions and isolation threaten the social and emotional welfare of vulnerable groups with concerns focused on the long‐term impact of this pandemic on the health and well‐being of aging populations. Purpose Using the Socioemotional Selectivity Theory (STT) as a conceptual framework, the purpose of this literature review was to explore the impact of COVID‐19 on the psychological and social well‐being of older adults. Methods Numerous academic and healthcare‐related databases were searched to yield 24 relevant primary research articles, published during the pandemic (2020–2022), for analysis. Results/Conclusions Overall results indicated the pandemic had a significant negative affect on the psychological and social well‐being of older adults to include those with cognitive impairments and dementia despite perceptions of reduced awareness. There were significant differences between age groups with older adults reporting greater emotional stability and coping skills than younger cohorts. Although supportive services and the use of technology‐enhanced well‐being these resources were reduced during the pandemic due to lack of trained staff, funding, and other socioeconomic or political barriers. The SST proposes that feelings of satisfaction, a sense of belonging, and purpose are important for emotional well‐being but the pandemic challenged these goals and, for many, resulted in stress, anxiety, and depression. Clinical Relevance Healthcare providers and policymakers need to be aware of the negative consequences triggered by the prolonged pandemic and take measures to provide services that support the psychosocial well‐being of older adults.
CANDELS OBSERVATIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCE OF THE COLOR–MASS–MORPHOLOGY RELATION AT z = 1.6

We study the environmental dependence of color, stellar mass, and morphology by comparing galaxies in a forming cluster to those in the field at z = 1.6 with Hubble Space Telescope near-infrared imaging in the CANDELS/UDS field. We quantify the morphology of the galaxies using the effective radius, reff, and Sérsic index, n. In both the cluster and field, approximately half of the bulge-dominated galaxies (n > 2) reside on the red sequence of the color–magnitude diagram, and most disk-dominated galaxies (n < 2) have colors expected for star-forming galaxies. There is weak evidence that cluster galaxies have redder rest-frame U − B colors and higher stellar masses compared to the field. Star-forming galaxies in both the cluster and field show no significant differences in their morphologies. In contrast, there is evidence that quiescent galaxies in the cluster have larger median effective radii and smaller Sérsic indices compared to the field with a significance of 2σ. These differences are most pronounced for galaxies at clustercentric distances 1 Mpc <Rproj < 1.5 Mpc, which have low Sérsic indices and possibly larger effective radii, more consistent with star-forming galaxies at this epoch and in contrast to other quiescent galaxies. We argue that star-forming galaxies are processed under the influence of the cluster environment at distances greater than the cluster-halo virial radius. Our results are consistent with models where gas accretion onto these galaxies is suppressed from processes associated with the cluster environment.
Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Regains Its Fatal Virulence by Serial Passaging in Pigs or Porcine Alveolar Macrophages To Increase Its Adaptation to Target Cells

Reversion to virulence of a live attenuated vaccine is a public concern; however, direct scientific evidence is limited, and the mechanism is still poorly understood. Here, we present direct evidence for the reversion to virulence of PRRS MLV after serial passaging in pigs or target cells and found a correlation between virulence reversion and increased replication fitness in primary PAMs. ABSTRACT Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a globally important disease threatening the pork industry, and modified live-virus (MLV) vaccines are widely used for its prevention. However, PRRS MLV shows high potential for reversion to virulence, leading to a major concern about its safety. Yet the revertant mechanism is still poorly understood. Here, attenuated virus JXwn06-P80, derived from the highly pathogenic PRRS virus (PRRSV) strain JXwn06 by serial passaging in MARC-145 cells, was reversely passaged in pigs through intranasal inoculation to mimic natural infection for 13 rounds, and the pathogenicity of viruses at the 3rd, 5th, 9th, 10th, and 11th passages was evaluated in pigs. From the 9th passage, the viruses caused mortality, which was related to their increased adaptability and replication efficiency (100 times higher than those of JXwn06-P80) in porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) target cells. Similarly, JXwn06-P80 could also regain fatal virulence through reverse passage in PAMs for 25 or more passages, indicating that the increased adaptability in PAMs directly contributes to its regained fatal virulence. Next, the full-genome sequences were analyzed to explore the genetic evolutionary processes during adaptation both in vivo and in vitro. Finally, by a reverse genetic operation, four reverse mutation sites, NSP12-W121R, ORF2b (open reading frame 2b)-H9D, ORF5-H15L, and ORF5-V189L, were finally identified to partially contribute to the ability of the virus to adapt to PAMs, which may be related to virulence reversion during reverse passage. These findings provided direct scientific evidence for the virulence reversion of PRRS MLV and provided valuable clues for exploring its molecular mechanism. IMPORTANCE Reversion to virulence of a live attenuated vaccine is a public concern; however, direct scientific evidence is limited, and the mechanism is still poorly understood. Here, we present direct evidence for the reversion to virulence of PRRS MLV after serial passaging in pigs or target cells and found a correlation between virulence reversion and increased replication fitness in primary PAMs. The genetic evolutionary process during adaptation will provide valuable clues for exploring the molecular mechanism of PRRS MLV virulence reversion and offer important implications for understanding the reversion mechanisms of other vaccines.
Association of Cancer Antigen 125 with Long-Term Prognosis in Light-Chain Cardiorenal Amyloidosis

Introduction: Light-chain (AL) cardiorenal amyloidosis has been characterized as type 5 cardiorenal syndrome with fluid overload and poor prognosis. Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) has the potential for its use in evaluating fluid load and prognosis for heart failure. However, less details for CA125 in AL cardiorenal amyloidosis have been reported. Methods: Sixty patients diagnosed with AL cardiorenal amyloidosis were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the cutoff point of CA125 level (35 U/mL). Logistic regression was used to screen variables associated with CA125. Cox regression analyses were utilized to verify the prognostic potential of CA125. Results: The mean age was 61 ± 8 years, and 68% of the participants were male. Compared to patients with normal CA125 levels (≤35 U/mL), patients with high levels of CA125 (>35 U/mL) had a higher proportion of New York Heart Association class >II, pericardial effusion, and edema, as well as a lower level of albumin and left ventricular longitudinal strain (LVLS). Logistic regression showed age, albumin, and LVLS to be independently associated with CA125. Seventeen (28%) patients died during the follow-up. Multivariate model including CA125, estimated glomerular filtration rate, E/e’, and left ventricular ejection fraction showed acceptable prognostic potential (C-index = 0.829, 95% CI: 0.749–0.909). CA125 remained an independent prognostic factor (HR = 1.018, 95% CI: 1.005–1.031, p = 0.008, per 10 U/mL increase) after adjusting for the remaining three variates and provided a significant incremental effect to the risk determined from them (C-index 0.829 vs. 0.784, p = 0.037). Conclusion: Serum CA125 level was associated with long-term prognosis of AL cardiorenal amyloidosis.