Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Problem-based Learning into the Future: Imagining an Agile PBL Ecology for Learning

In this book we respond to a higher education environment that is on the verge of profound changes by imagining an evolving and agile problem-based learning ecology for learning. The goal of doing so is to humanise university education by pursuing innovative approaches to student learning, teaching, curricula, assessment, and professional learning, and to employ interdisciplinary methods that go far beyond institutional walls and include student development and support, curriculum sustainability, research and the scholarship of teaching and learning, as well as administration and leadership. An agile problem-based learning (PBL) ecology for learning deliberately blurs the boundaries between disciplines, between students and teachers, between students and employers, between employers and teachers, between academics and professional staff, between formal and informal learning, and between teaching and research. It is based on the recognition that all of these elements are interconnected and constantly evolving, rather than being discrete and static. Throughout this book, our central argument is that there is no single person who is responsible for educating students. Rather, it is everyone’s responsibility – teachers, students, employers, administrators, and wider social networks, inside and outside of the university. Agile PBL is about making connections, rather than erecting barriers. In summary, this book is not about maintaining comfort zones, but rather about becoming comfortable with discomfort. The actual implementation is beyond the scope of this book and we envisage that changing perceptions towards this vision will itself be a mammoth task. However, we believe that the alternative of leaving things as they are would ultimately prove untenable, and more distressingly, would leave a generation of students afraid to think, feel, and act for themselves, let alone being able to face the challenges of the 21st century.
Assessing the Impact of Engineering Outreach Frequency on Middle-school Students' Interest in Engineering

Studies have shown that science experience outside of school plays a significant role in influencing students’ interest in studying science in the future. Similarly, engineering outreach has been shown to be an effective way to positively affect students’ interest in the study of engineering. Additionally, it has been reported that students in middle schools are allowed to make limited choices in their course selection. Thus, the middleschool years appear to be a crucial time in which to engage, expose, and broaden their engineering experience. Therefore, each year for the past nine years, the Engineering Division of the college has hosted National Engineers Week activities for middle school students. During their one and one-half hour visit, the middle school students participate in six engineering demonstrations. The goal of the college in conducting National Engineers Week outreach activities is to expose middle school students to engineering through engineering demonstrations so as to increase their interest in studying engineering in the future. A year ago the authors decided to conduct a study to determine both the immediate and the long-term impact of the Engineers Week activities on the participating students’ interest in future engineering study. The results of this study show that the short-term impact of the Engineers Week event demonstrated a significantly higher student interest in considering studying engineering immediately after the event as compared to the pre-event interest. The results also indicated that one year and two years after their participation, students’ interest in studying engineering in the future had dropped back down to a level that was significantly lower than the immediate post-visit level but still significantly higher than their pre-visit level. However, these long-term results appear to have been influenced somewhat by the additional exposure to engineering that some students had experienced during the one or two year interval after their initial exposure during the National Engineers Week activities. These initial long-term results indicate that maintaining a high interest in engineering study by middle-school students may be affected by the frequency of exposure to engineering during the middle school period. In this paper, the authors discuss the results of this initial study and their plans for future studies to determine the effect of exposure frequency on the long-term student perception of engineering as a course of study in the future.
The impact of grammatical competence on 1st year university English students’ written performance

It is clear that EFL Iraqi students of English have problems in mastering some grammatical components in English. However, the first year students are struggling with these types of grammar problems, some grammatical rules are similar in the two languages, which makes it rather easy for Arabic speakers to learn English. This study aims to investigate the scope and nature of the syntactic errors made by first year learners of English at Al- Hamdaniya University, Iraq. It identifies, describes, and analyzes errors made in certain specific grammar areas such as tenses, modals, auxiliaries, subject verb agreement, verb forms. The study used a composition writing test of 23 EFL Iraqi first year students. The study focuses on the accuracy in the English writing skills of Iraqi students with the aim to examine the interference of the rules of the target language. For this purpose, researchers in this paper analyse 20 written essays and identified common grammatical errors made by the students.
Clinical experience regarding the diagnostic value of segment-by-segment coronary computed tomography angiography in comparison with that of invasive coronary angiography

Objective To compare the degree of coronary stenosis (≥ 50% luminal narrowing) determined by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) with that determined by invasive coronary angiography (ICA), using segment-by-segment analysis. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study of the records of patients who underwent CCTA and ICA between January 2014 and June 2018 at a general hospital in Brazil. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was applied, and the areas under the curve were used in order to assess the overall accuracy of the methods. Results The degree of coronary stenosis was evaluated in a total of 844 arterial segments. The diagnostic performance of CCTA was good, with a sensitivity of 82.3%, a specificity of 96.4%, and a negative predictive value of 97.7% (95% CI: 96.5-98.5). In the segment-by-segment analysis, CCTA had excellent accuracy for the left main coronary artery and for other segments. Conclusion In clinical practice at general hospitals, CCTA appears to have diagnostic performance comparable to that of ICA.
Shape optimisation and performance analysis of flapping wings

In this paper, we consider the shape optimization of flapping wings in forward flight. This analysis is performed by combining a gradient-based optimiser with the unsteady vortex lattice method. The objective is to identify a set of optimised shapes that maximise the propulsive efficiency under lift, thrust, and area constraints. The geometry of the wings is modelled using B-splines. The flow simulations using the optimal wing shapes indicate that changes in the shape have significant effects on averaged quantities. The optimal shape configuration substantially increases the time averaged thrust while, at the same time, it acquires a larger input of aerodynamic power. Increasing the number of variables (i.e., providing the wing shape with a greater degree of spatial freedom) enables increasingly superior designs. This study should provide better guidance for shape design of engineered flying systems.
Assessment of in-vehicle cellphone locations in influencing driving performance and distraction

Along with the fast development of smart phone technology, increased in-vehicle cellphone usage has become a general trend. Although numerous research studies have been conducted investigating how in-vehicle phone use would lead to different levels of driving distractions, few studies have investigated how different phone storing locations would influence driving performance. The objective of the present study was to assess common in-vehicle phone locations from a safety perspective and to identify ideal location(s) for the driver to store and interact with the phone. An experimental study was conducted in which 20 participants completed two types of cellphone tasks in a real-time driving simulation scenario, with the phone placed at four different locations. Statistical analysis on driving performance and eye tracking data showed a superiority of dashboard serving as phone location.
Qualitative Description Study Of Midwife's Expectations In Care Of Hiv-Positive Mothers In Pregnancy, Partnership And Postborn

Background and Objectives, the number of people with HIV continues to increase in every country including Indonesia. Papua province is the province with the third number of HIV cases in Indonesia. From January to July 2020 from VCT room and midwifery clinic, 50 cases of pregnant women came to Jayapura Hospital with HIV positive in pregnancy, childbirth, and Nifas. To find out the hopes of midwives in caring for mothers with HIV Positive in pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum at Jayapura Hospital. Pupose method is qualitative descriptive research. Participants of 12 midwives and 3 HIV positive patients were selected using Purposive Sampling with the criteria of the midwife working for at Data collection with in-depth interviews. Data Analysis with Content Analysis. Conclusion of the midwife's hope is that there will be no more mother-to-baby HIV transmission, the regeneration of HIV counselors in Jayapura Hospital, no more patients who close the status of health workers, and counseling from health centers about prevention more. Suggestion: It is better to regularly regenerate HIV counselors in hospitals and multiply the counseling program on HIV prevention by a team from the Health Service.
A vortex approach for unsteady insect flight analysis in 2D

This paper considers 2D insect wing motion in which the flow field does not change in the out-of-plane direction. When modelling complex phenomena, simpler, but not overly simple, analysis techniques become imperative. We achieve the balance of simplicity and accuracy by a technique based on the vortex. The wing is represented by its chord, described by a line in 2D. During the unsteady flapping, a time-dependent circulation pattern is developed over the wing, modelled by the distribution of discrete line vortices. The magnitudes of the bound vortices on the wing are determined by the non-penetration condition. Two vortices at the wing’s leading and trailing edges are shed. The velocity is determined by the bound and wake vortices using 2D Biot–Savart law, which is also used to convect wake vortices. The entire cycle is repeated as the time progresses. While establishing a simple affordable numerical method for flapping wing analysis and highlighting its remarkable performance, the limitation of the method is delineated and recommendations made in comparison with more accurate solutions obtained by a Navier–Stokes solver. This will ensure the proper use of the method and avoid its misuse in the unsteady aerodynamics analysis.
Examining the Foundation of Islamic Organisational Citizenship Behaviour in Jordanian Organisations

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role that religion plays in the working lives of Muslim employees, by exploring the influences of Islamic values on employees Organisational Citizenship Behaviour. This is a largely quantitative study conducted in Jordanian organisations. The study introduces a theoretical model drawing parallels between Organisational Citizenship Behaviour and Islamic Work Ethics. The participants, comprising of employees of Jordanian public and private sectors, have been randomly invited to express their views on the possible penetration of Islamic values in the workplace. A Partial Least Squares approach alongside a bootstrapping technique was used to analyse the data. The validity of the measurement model was tested using the Fornell and Larcker criterion. Findings indicate that Islamic values do influence the citizenship behaviour, organisational commitment and loyalty to the organisation of employees. Motivated by religion employees are more likely to adopt discretionary citizenship-alike behaviours in the workplace and be loyal to their organisation. The scope of this study is limited by its primary focus of developing an Islamic perspective within the domain of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour, which utilises the Islamic Work Ethics framework rather than being grounded in Islamic holy texts. This paper not only provides a useful insight into the link between religious motivation, citizenship behaviour, and organisational commitment and loyalty, but also notes the influence of religion in the workplace.
Robot-Assisted Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma in a Patient with an Ileal Conduit

Background Upper tract urothelial carcinoma remains an uncommon disease that is clinically difficult to identify early and surveil. Open nephroureterectomy is the gold standard for patients with high-grade disease, especially for patients in whom surveillance is complicated such as those with prior cystectomies/ileal conduits. This report presents a case of a patient with a history of radical cystectomy and ileal conduit construction who underwent a successful minimally invasive robotic surgery for treatment of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Case Presentation. The patient is a 72-year-old Caucasian male with a history of recurrent superficial bladder tumors treated with cystoscopies with fulguration, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, and a robot-assisted cystectomy with ileal conduit diversion presenting with recurrent urinary tract infections and hematuria secondary to a ureteral stricture. The patient was admitted previously for urosepsis during which time a percutaneous nephrostomy tube was inserted on the right side. Upon presentation, imaging revealed a lesion extending from the lower pole of the right kidney into the renal pelvis. The presence of a nephrostomy and urostomy allowed the surgical team to utilize a minimally invasive approach to remove the diseased kidney and ureter with visualization enhanced by indocyanine green. Conclusion Minimally invasive robot-assisted approaches to treating upper tract urothelial carcinomas may offer an alternative to the open cases typically employed in cases of patients with prior ileal conduit. Furthermore, utilizing indocyanine green may expand the applicability of such approaches to uro-oncologic cases with greater complexity.
Anxiety and Reading Comprehension of Chinese Children with and without Reading Disabilities: The Role of Processing Speed

The present study examined the mediating effect of processing speed on the relationship between state anxiety and reading comprehension in Chinese children with and without reading disabilities (RD). A total of 53 Chinese children with RD and 66 typically developing children were administered cognitive and noncognitive measures. We found that the two groups had distinct patterns of state anxiety and processing speed. A significant indirect effect of state anxiety on reading comprehension through processing speed was found only in children with RD. Our findings contribute to filling a research gap and provide evidence to front–line practitioners for adapting the teaching and measures for Chinese children with RD.
REACHING THE ISOLATED EFL PREP-CLASS STUDENTS VIA GROUP VIDEO TASKS DURING EMERGENCY REMOTE TEACHING: STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS

Due to Covid-19 pandemic precautions, the 2020-2021 academic year was a radical shift from face to face education to online at all levels throughout the world. Students who were newly enrolled to their university from different regions of Turkey started their lessons as EFL Prep-class students without meeting their classmates, feeling isolated. In order to make them feel in a classroom, create their sense of belonging and the rate of participation in lessons during emergency remote teaching, online group video tasks were designed for an EFL prep class. This study aims to investigate students’ perceptions of the effects of online collaborative group video tasks on their English and some 21st-century skills. It has a sequential explanatory design that is a type of mixed-method research. The students were given three group video tasks during the semester. After they finished the tasks, a 4-point Likert-type scale questionnaire was administered to the whole class, groups’ videos were analysed, and in order to get students’ perceptions in-depth, semi-structured online interviews were held with six voluntary students. It was found out that group video tasks through online collaboration were beneficial for the development of the use of English, writing, pronunciation and speaking skills, helped students develop a sense of belonging to their class. These tasks made students learn how to make a presentation, helped them gain some digital skills such as using video-maker programs, as well. It was also found out that Microsoft Teams was a student-friendly platform for online classes. Article visualizations:
A Change in Saudi Attitudes From Use of Euphemism to Taboo: A Sociolinguistic Study

For this paper, we studied the use of linguistic taboo words in Saudi Arabian society. Three main taboo topics were addressed in the current study: the use of taboo words in social contexts, the use of taboo sex words, and the use of taboo swear words. A randomly chosen sample of 253 Saudi females from two different age groups participated in the study. A closed-ended multiple-choice questionnaire was used to collect the data. The findings provided considerable insights into the behavior of Saudi society. Saudi society rarely uses taboo words. The strategy people use to avoid using taboo language is euphemism; sex topics, for instance, which may be overtly discussed in some cultures, are prohibited in Saudi culture. The findings also revealed that Saudi society is too sensitive to the use of swear words because they are culturally and religiously prohibited, though they were occasionally used by younger female participants. In general, this study showed that although the Saudi society is a conservative society, the younger generations of Saudi females are moving slowly toward making linguistic changes in society.
Exploiting node mobility for energy optimization in wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become increasingly available for data-intensive applications such as micro-climate monitoring, precision agriculture, and audio/video surveillance. A key challenge faced by data-intensive WSNs is to transmit the sheer amount of data generated within an application's lifetime to the base station despite the fact that sensor nodes have limited power supplies such as batteries or small solar panels. The availability of numerous low-cost robotic units (e.g. Robomote and Khepera) has made it possible to construct sensor networks consisting of mobile sensor nodes. It has been shown that the controlled mobility offered by mobile sensors can be exploited to improve the energy efficiency of a network. In this thesis, we propose schemes that use mobile sensor nodes to reduce the energy consumption of data-intensive WSNs. Our approaches differ from previous work in two main aspects. First, our approaches do not require complex motion planning of mobile nodes, and hence can be implemented on a number of low-cost mobile sensor platforms. Second, we integrate the energy consumption due to both mobility and wireless communications into a holistic optimization framework. We consider three problems arising from the limited energy in the sensor nodes. In the first problem, the network consists of mostly static nodes and contains only a few mobile nodes. In the second and third problems, we assume essentially that all nodes in the WSN are mobile. We first study a new problem called max-data mobile relay configuration (MMRC ) that finds the positions of a set of mobile sensors, referred to as relays, that maximize the total amount of data gathered by the network during its lifetime. We show that the MMRC problem is surprisingly complex even for a trivial network topology due to the joint consideration of the energy consumption of both wireless communication and mechanical locomotion. We present optimal MMRC algorithms and practical distributed implementations for several important network topologies and applications. Second, we consider the problem of minimizing the total energy consumption of a network. We design an iterative algorithm that improves a given configuration by relocating nodes to new positions. We show that this algorithm converges to the optimal configuration for the given transmission routes. Moreover, we propose an efficient distributed implementation that does not require explicit synchronization. Finally, we consider the problem of maximizing the lifetime of the network. We propose an approach that exploits the mobility of the nodes to balance the energy consumption throughout the network. We develop efficient algorithms for single and multiple round approaches. For all three problems, we evaluate the efficiency of our algorithms through simulations. Our simulation results based on realistic energy models obtained from existing mobile and static sensor platforms show that our approaches significantly improve the network's performance and outperform existing approaches.
Diurnal Rainfall Response to the Physiological and Radiative Effects of CO2 in Tropical Forests in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model v1

Understanding how the connection between rainfall and tropical forests will respond to increasing CO2 concentrations is a key element in understanding how the tropical water cycle will respond to increasing CO2. The plant physiological and radiative impacts of CO2 on rainfall patterns over tropical forest regions are examined in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1.1 (E3SMv1.1‐BGC) biogeochemistry experiments. Composite analysis reveals a dampening of the diurnal cycle of rainfall over the Amazon, Congo, and Maritime Continent in response to rising CO2 levels, regardless of the sign of total rainfall change. A full factorial model experiment confirms that the CO2 radiative and CO2 plant physiological effects can individually or jointly reduce the magnitude of the rainfall diurnal cycle, though the physical pathway giving rise to the reduction differs between the two effects. For the physiological response, stomatal closure reduces evapotranspiration, which dries the boundary layer and raises the lifting condensation level. These effects combine to reduce deep convective rainfall during its peak occurrence in the late daytime to early nighttime period. For the radiative response, a relative reduction in daytime Convective Available Potential Energy (consistent with a reduction in the diurnal temperature range) leads to less frequent triggering of deep convection and a reduction of rainfall diurnal amplitude. These diurnal rainfall changes are structurally similar across seasons, and show little sensitivity to representation of nutrient coupling for the land biogeochemistry. In agreement with previous findings, the physiological response has only minor impact on extreme rainfall relative to the radiative response.