Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soil Nematode Abundances were Increased by an Incremental Nutrient Input in a Paddy-upland Rotation System

Abstract To study the effect of fertilization on soil nematode communities in a paddy-upland rotation system, an ongoing thirty-three years long-term fertilizer experiment is conducted which includes seven treatments; an unfertilized treatment (control), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) fertilizer treatments (N, NP, NPK) and organic manure (M) combined with chemical fertilizer treatments (MN, MNP, and MNPK). The soil nematode community structure and crop yields were determined in 2012 and 2013. Overall total nematode abundance was increased by an incremental nutrient input both in the rice and wheat fields. Total number of nematode was 1.25 - 2.37 times greater in the rice field and was 1.08 - 2.97 times greater in wheat field in the fertilization treatments than in the unfertilized treatment. Soil free-living nematode abundances was significantly (P < 0.001) increased in organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer treatments in rice field. Fungi-feeders and plant-feeding nematodes abundances were not significantly different among treatments in rice and wheat fields. Omnivorous and predatory nematodes were the most dominant groups in the present study. Omnivores, predators and Prodorylaimus abundances were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in organic manure combined with NPK fertilizer treatments than in chemical fertilizer alone and unfertilized treatments both in rice and wheat fields. Stepwise regressions revealed that soil free-living nematodes were significant predictors of rice grain yields (R2 = 0.56, P < 0.001) and omnivorous and predatory nematodes were significant predictors of the wheat grain yield (R2 = 0.89, P < 0.001). Therefore, long-term application of organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer could increase nematode abundances and crop yields. Organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer application was recommended in agricultural ecosystem.
Association of micronuclei frequency and other nuclear anomalies with flaxseed diet in metabolic syndrome patients

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate whether a rich flaxseed diet could modify the micronuclei frequency, nuclear anomalies and biochemical and anthropometric parameters in metabolic syndrome patients. Material and methods: Fifty-eight patients with metabolic syndrome were dichotomized into two groups, namely, the control group (CG) and the intervention group (IG), and the patients in the IG received a diet supplemented with flaxseed. The anthropometric and clinical parameters were measured. Nuclear anomalies isolated from the oral mucosa were analyzed at the beginning and end of the 3-month follow-up. Results: After the nutritional follow-up, the percentage of fat was decreased in the CG (before, 45.40%; after, 37.89%, p < 0.001). In the IG, the weight (before, 81.03 ±13.17 kg; after, 79.81 ±13.47 kg, p = 0.01), body mass index (before, 32.7 ±5.4; after, 32.2 ±5.6, p = 0.009) and very-low-density lipoprotein (before, 31.96 ±15.23; after, 26.13 ±7.54, p = 0.04) were decreased. The frequencies of MN (micronucleated) and BN (binucleated) cells were decreased in the CG (before, 14.03 ±5.28, after 11.17 ±3.68; before, 2.66 ±3.5, after, 1.10 ±1.66; p = 0.001/0.02, respectively), while in the IG, the frequencies of MN and BN cells and NB (nuclear buds) were decreased (MN before, 4.97 ±5.47, after, 1.38 ±1.97 [p = 0.02]; BN before, 23.69 ±21.93, after, 10.66 ±10.34 [p = 0.007]; and NB before, 5.10 ±6.63, after, 2.17 ±2.74 [p = 0.03]). J.J. López-Jiménez, A. García-Ruvalcaba, A.C. Méndez-Magaña, C.E. Granados-Manzo, L.Y. Rosales-Rivera, E. García-Morales, P. Ayala-Buenrostro, L.V. De Alba-Espinoza, A.C. Ángel-del Río, F. Gaona-Sánchez, A.L. Fletes-Rayas 2 Arch Med Sci Conclusions: The group that consumed a diet supplemented with flaxseed showed greater decreases in weight, body mass index and very-low-density lipoprotein than the CG. The numbers of nuclear anomalies were decreased in both groups, but greater mean decreases in micronuclei and binuclear cells were observed in the IG after 3 months.
A Low-Area and Fully Nonlinear 10-Bit Column Driver With Low-Voltage DAC and Switched-Capacitor Amplifier for Active-Matrix Displays

To reduce the circuit area and support a 10-bit fully nonlinear gamma correction, a new column driver architecture constructed with a 10-bit one-stage low-voltage resistor string digital-to-analog converter (RDAC) (LVDAC) and a switched-capacitor amplifier (SC-AMP) is proposed. Because the LVDAC is implemented with low-voltage (LV) MOSFETs instead of high-voltage (HV) MOSFETs, the circuit area is drastically reduced. In addition, there is no need to use level shifters that must be used in the traditional column driver between the LV logic circuit and the HV DAC, thus further decreasing the circuit area. By utilizing a one-stage DAC architecture, the effective bit resolution of nonlinear gamma correction can be increased compared with previous two-stage DACs, in which the output voltages of the coarse DAC are interpolated. The output voltage of LVDAC is amplified by SC-AMP to reach the requisite HV to drive the display panel. In designing the SC-AMP, the effects of non-idealities, such as random offset voltage, capacitance mismatch, parasitic capacitance, and switching error are quantitatively analyzed, and circuit techniques to suppress the effects are presented. The proposed column driver was fabricated using a 90-nm CMOS process. The circuit area of the proposed 10-bit column driver is only 69.0% of that of the conventional 8-bit column driver because the conventional 8-bit HV RDAC (HVDAC) using 5-V MOSFETs is replaced by the proposed 10-bit LVDAC using 1.2-V MOSFETs, along with the SC-AMP with a gain of four to support the 5-V output voltage range. The measurement results show that the differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) are +0.2/−0.18 and +0.42/−0.06 LSB, respectively, with an LSB voltage of 4.5 mV. The measured maximum deviation of voltage outputs (DVOs) between 50 channels is 7.9 mV.
Pengembangan Instrumen Penilaian Berbasis Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi (HOTS) Untuk Pembelajaran Sifat Koligatif Larutan Pada Siswa Kelas XII IPA SMA Negeri 12 Medan

Pengembangan instrumen penilaian berbasis HOTS berupa tes disusun berdasarkan kebutuhan siswa pada kurikulum 2013. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan instrument penilaian berbasis HOTS yang valid, praktis dan efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (R and D) dengan model pengembangan Brog and Gall yang telah disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan penelitian. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan angket lembar validasi, tes, dan angket respon siswa. Untuk teknik analisis data digunakan analisis validasi dari pakar, analisis kepraktisan melalui angket praktisi (guru), analisis keefektifan melalui tes serta angket respon siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil validasi materi yang terdiri dari isi, penyajian dan bahasa sebesar 84.86% pada kategori sangat baik, validasi evaluasi sebesar 92,21% pada kategori sangat baik, hasil tanggapan guru sebesar 82% pada kategori sangat baik dan kemampuan siswa dalam memahami soal-soal kemampuan berpikir tinggi (HOTS) sebesar 40.829 pada kategori sedang/cukup dengan tingkat respon siswa sebesar 86% dalam kategori sangat praktis. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi sudah terdapat dalam instrumen penilaian sehingga dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan dan alternatif bagi guru dalam pemilihan instrumen penilaian pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi yang mendukung proses belajar mengajar.
Relationship between texture and cell-wall components of safou (Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam) fruits at different storage conditions

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between texture and cell wall component of safou (Dacryodes edulis (G Don) HJ Lam) at different storage conditions during the safou softening. Methodology and results: Using a General Linear Model (GLM), statgraphic software plus v. 5. 0 and XLstat 2007software, the relationship between texture and cell wall component of safou at different storage conditions was evaluated. At different stages of ripeness, safou were picked and stored in different conditions including: cultivar, picking mode, packaging mode and temperature. For each condition, texture, water loss, alcoholinsoluble CDTAsoluble pectins and neutral sugar level and methoxylation degree were measured. The results showed that the temperature and method of storage and theirs interaction influenced significantly the texture of the safou during storage. Softening and dehydration through transpiration are the two processes that changed the safou texture at high temperature (28°C and 36°C). The cultivar and the maturity stage also influenced significantly the texture. The correlation between texture and cell-wall component including alcohol insoluble solids, CDTA soluble pectin extracts, rhamnose and arabinose were very high. MIA (Materiel Insoluble in Alcohol) content increased and galacturonic acid content of CDTA Soluble Pectin extracts decreased, depending on the maturity level of safou: the degradation of homogalacturonans of pectins during the safou softening. Conclusion and application of results: the degradation of homogalacturonans of safou pectins had an impact on their texture. Therefore, for their postharvest shelf life, safou must be stored at low temperature (18°C) with or without packing.
Character Building in Education: A Proposed Theory for STAI’s Economic Syari’ah Program

Character building in education is a program that has been socialized by the government since 2010. Character building can be integrated in teaching and learning process, it means that every subject must be connected with the norm or value and also improving and application with the daily life. So, the value of character not only shows in cognitive aspect, but they must be internalized as a real accomplishment in social life. Education has responsibility on developing human character, by the effort can be done by planting of local or national culture, changing curriculum, teaching and learning, assessment or evaluation, and habits of all the educators. It is important for educators, staff members and school or university counselors, to promote character building to create an optimal learning environment, create a school, college or university culture welcoming of diversity, and provide safety for all. Keywords: Character building, education, teaching and learning process
Caregivers’ Perceptions of SLP Talk about Child Language and Literacy Disorders

24 Purpose: This study examined caregiver perceptions of their child’s language and literacy 25 disorder as influenced by communications with their speech-language pathologist (SLP). 26 Method: The participants were 12 caregivers of 10 school-aged children with language and 27 literacy disorders. Employing qualitative methods, a collective case study approach was utilized 28 in which the caregiver(s) of each child represented one case. The data came from semi-structured 29 interviews, codes emerged directly from the caregivers’ responses during the interviews, and 30 multiple coding passes using ATLAS.ti software were made until themes were evident. These 31 themes were then further validated by conducting clinical file reviews and follow-up interviews 32 with the caregivers. 33 Results: Caregivers’ comments focused on the types of information received or not received, as 34 well as the clarity of the information. This included information regarding their child’s diagnosis, 35 the long-term consequences of their child’s disorder, and the connection between language and 36 reading. While caregivers were adept at describing their child’s difficulties and therapy 37 goals/objectives, their comments indicated that they struggled to understand their child’s disorder 38 in a way that was meaningful to them and their child. 39 Conclusions: The findings showed the value caregivers place on receiving clear and timely 40 diagnostic information, as well as the complexity associated with caregivers’ understanding of 41 language and literacy disorders. The findings are discussed in terms of changes that could be 42 made in clinical practice to better support children with language and literacy disorders and their 43 families. 44 45
Effect of Geographical and Seasonal Variations on Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Aerial Parts of Urtica diocia L.

Environmental conditions affect the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites as a result of biotic and abiotic factors. In the present study, the effect of different geographical locations and season was studied on total phenolic and flavonoid contents extracted from Urtica dioica Linn. The aerial parts of U. dioica collected from Palampur, Shimla and Dharamshala in different seasons were subjected to hydro-alcoholic extraction. Quantitative estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in various extracts was carried out spectrophotometrically. The highest amount of total phenolic (3.987± 0.130) and flavonoid contents (2.847± 0.341) was found in Palampur sample collected in summer season whereas sample collected from Dharamshala in spring season showed the least phenolic contents. In vitro antioxidant activity of all the samples was evaluated by DPPH, NO scavenging and FRPA method. The antioxidant potential was found maximum in the sample collected from Palampur in the summer season, however, the sample collected from Dharamshala in spring season showed the least antioxidant potential. The present study confirms that altitude and seasonal variations significantly affect the levels of secondary metabolites in plant parts.
Cryptic and extensive hybridization between ancient lineages of American crows

Most species and therefore most hybrid zones have historically been described using phenotypic characters. However, both speciation and hybridization can occur with negligible morphological differentiation. The Northwestern Crow (Corvus caurinus) and American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) are sister taxonomic species with a continuous distribution that lack reliable traditional characters for identification. In this first population genomic study of Northwestern and American crows, we use genomic SNPs (nuDNA) and mtDNA to investigate whether these crows are genetically differentiated and the extent to which they may hybridize. We found that American and Northwestern crows have distinct evolutionary histories, supported by two nuDNA ancestry clusters and two 1.1%-divergent mtDNA clades dating to the late Pleistocene, when glacial advances may have isolated crow populations in separate refugia. We document extensive hybridization, with geographic overlap of mtDNA clades and admixture of nuDNA across >1,400 km of western Washington and western British Columbia. This broad hybrid zone consists of late-generation hybrids and backcrosses, not recent (e.g., F1) hybrids. Nuclear DNA and mtDNA clines were both centered in southwestern British Columbia, farther north than previously postulated. The mtDNA cline was narrower than the nuDNA cline, consistent with Haldane’s rule but not sex-biased dispersal. Overall, our results suggest a history of reticulate evolution in American and Northwestern crows, consistent with potentially recurring neutral expansion(s) from Pleistocene glacial refugia followed by lineage fusion(s). However, we do not rule out a contributing role for more recent potential drivers of hybridization, such as expansion into human-modified habitats.
Evaluation of surface roughness in drilling particle-reinforced composites

Aluminum matrix composite materials being used in different sectors including automobile, aerospace, defense, and medical and are currently displacing unreinforced materials with their superior mechanical properties. The metal removal process of drilling is widely used in many structural applications. This study experimentally investigates the drilling characteristics of silicon carbide (SiCp)-reinforced Al 7075 composites produced by stir casting method. Also, two different drill materials with high-speed steel (HSS) and titanium nitride (TiN)-coated HSS carry out in drilling operation. The effect of operational parameters such as cutting speed and feed rate and materials parameters such as weight fraction of reinforcement and cutting tools on the surface roughness of drilled holes were evaluated in the drilling operations. The results of the drilling test indicate that the feed rate and cutting speed have a very strong effect on the surface roughness of matrix alloy and composite materials. The surface roughness (Ra ) values increased with increasing the feed rate and decreased with increasing the cutting speed. Under 0.10 mm/rev and 20 m/min drilling conditions and using HSS drill, surface roughness values for matrix, 5% SiC-, 10% SiC-, and 15% SiC-reinforced composites, were obtained 2.57, 2.59, 2.61, and 2.64 µm, respectively; besides, using TiN-coated HSS drill, surface roughness values were obtained 1.60, 1.63, 1.64, and 1.66 µm, respectively. An increase in the weight fraction of the abrasive SiC particle resulted in a very crucial deterioration quality of the drilled hole. TiN-coated HSS drills better performance exhibits than uncoated HSS drills for all the drilling operations about surface roughness properties. Short chip formations observed both the matrix alloy and the composite materials for two different drills in the drilling operations.
Monitoring the eradication of the highly invasive topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) using a novel eDNA assay

Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) represent an important threat for Biodiversity and are one of the factors determining the ecological integrity of water bodies under the Water Framework Directive. Eradication is one of the most effective tools for the management of invasive species but has important economic and ecological trade-offs and its success needs to be carefully monitored. We assessed the eradication success of the topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva), an invasive fish that poses significant risks to endemic aquatic fauna, in four ponds previously treated with the piscicide Rotenone using a novel environmental DNA (eDNA)-qPCR assay. Topmouth gudgeon was detected in all four treated ponds using 750 mL water samples and in three of the ponds using 15 mL samples, despite the eradication treatment. The highly sensitive qPCR assay detected topmouth gudgeon in a significantly greater proportion of sites (77.5%) than eDNA detection methods based on conventional PCR (35%). Our results highlight the difficulties of eradicating invasive fish and the need to incorporate reliable monitoring methods as part of a risk management strategy under the Water Framework Directive.
CTX-M Genotyping among Cystitis Associated Cefotaxime-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (CRUPEC)

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most common bacterial infection and important public health problem of human among all age groups from neonate to geriatric. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) accounts for approximately 85% of community acquired UTIs and 50% of hospital acquired UTIs. The current study aimed to investigate dominant CTX-M genotypes among local UPEC isolated from patients with cystitis. Phenotypic detection of Cefotaxime-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (CRUPEC) were performed by KirbyBauer disk diffusion method (CLSI 2016). The DNA were extracted and investigation of four resistance genes blaCTX-M by a multiplex PCR assay using specific primer pairs. The results of phylogenetic subgrouping of UPEC using multiplex PCR to detect chuA (279bp), yjaA (211bp) and TspE4.C2 (152bp) revealed that among 56 CRUPEC 47(83.93%) were ExPEC (37(66.07%) for B23, 6(10.72%) for B22, 3(5.36%) for D1 and 1(1.78%) for D2). InPEC compile 9(16.07%). Genotypic investigation of cefotaxime resistance among 56 CRUPEC were performed using specific four primer pairs to detect the genotypes of blaCTX-M clusters (I, II, III and IV). Among 65 CRUPEC, 36 (64.28%) were positive for for blaCTX-MI, 38(67.85%) for blaCTX-MII 26(46.43%) for blaCTX-MIII and 18(32.14%) for blaCTX-MIV (Figure 9). Concern possessing of isolates for more than one blaCTX-M genotypes were also reported in this study. Our results revealed that blaCTX-M were present in 50 (89.29%) of CRUPEC. Co-existence of more than on genotypes were reported in 38(67.86%). The results displayed that 40(80%) of blaCTX-M positive CRUPEC were belong to group B2, 4(8%) for group D, 3(6%) for group A and 3(6%) for group B1. The current study conclude the presence of blaCTX-M clusters (I, II, III, IV) as a main mechanisim or cefotaxime resistance among CRUPEC and coexistance of multible cluters within same isolates that may leads to emergence of new hybrides of blaCTX-M.
Depressed skull fracture at Pacopampa in the Peru’s northern highlands in the Late Cajamarca Period

The Pacopampa site is one of the largest Formative Period sites in Peru’s northern highlands. In the 2013 field season, we uncovered human remains from the stairs between the second and third platforms and found a rare case of a depressed skull fracture on the cranial vault of a middle­aged male. This study aims to describe the fracture and explore chronological changes in violence in Peru’s northern highlands. The radiocarbon date of this male is 910 ± 30 14 C yr BP, which corresponds to the Late Caja marca Period (AD 950–1200). The fracture is elliptical in shape, 23.7 mm long and 23.3 mm wide. De pressed debris, adhering to part of the vault, entered the cranial cavity and may have compressed dura mater and brain substance. A healing reaction formed a smooth edge around the fracture, suggesting that it is an antemortem fracture and that the individual survived the injury. It is reasonable to infer that the presence of trauma on the Pacopampa cranium is consistent with the sociopolitical background, typified by high social tension and the appearance of organized warfare in Andean societies.