Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Methodes de projection pour l'optimisation ensembliste non convexe

De nombreux problemes en analyse numerique, en particulier en traitement du signal, reviennent a chercher un point dans l'intersection d'ensembles (probleme de faisabilite), ou la projection sur cette intersection d'un point, dans un espace de hilbert. Cette these s'interesse a la resolution de ces deux problemes dans le cas d'ensembles non convexes. Nous introduisons la notion d'ensemble proximinal developpable en convexes et nous etudions dans une premiere partie la convergence d'algorithmes de projections cycliques, couramment utilises en optimisation convexe, sur de tels ensembles. La convergence faible et la convergence forte sont etablies sous certaines hypotheses parmi lesquelles figurent des conditions connues en analyse convexe. L'obtention des resultats requiert une generalisation de la propriete de fejer, que nous demontrons. Nous etudions ensuite un algorithme qui couple une methode de projection cyclique avec l'algorithme de mann, ceci afin de trouver un point fixe d'une application non lineaire dans l'intersection d'ensembles non convexes developpables en convexes. Nous etablissons la convergence faible et forte d'un tel procede iteratif. Nous proposons dans une troisieme partie, un nouvel algorithme de projection qui utilise, a la place des ensembles eux-memes, des ensembles uniformement convexes, construits pas a pas, sur lesquels les iteres sont projetes. Nous montrons que cet algorithme converge fortement et detaillons une application en traitement du signal. Enfin, nous proposons un procede iteratif pour trouver la projection d'un point sur l'intersection d'ensembles non convexes proximinaux non necessairement developpables en convexes. Ce travail est une extension de l'algorithme de pierra qui etait restreint au cas d'ensembles convexes
Lost but not forgotten: Intracluster light in galaxy groups and clusters

With Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we investigate the progenitor population and formation mechanisms of the intracluster light (ICL) for 23 galaxy groups and clusters ranging from 3$\times10^{13} 10^{11.6}$ M$_\odot$), while by 100 kpc this colour is equivalent to that of a 10$^{10}$ M$_\odot$ galaxy. Additionally, we find 75% of the total BCG+ICL luminosity is consistent in color of galaxies with L$>$0.2 L$_*$ (log(M$_\bigstar$[M$_\odot$])$>$10.4), assuming conservatively that these galaxies are completely disrupted. We conclude that tidal stripping of massive galaxies is the likely source of the intracluster light from 10-100 kpc (0.008-0.23 r$_{500,c}$) for galaxy groups and clusters.
Magnetic anisotropy of the spin-ice compound Dy2Ti2O7

We report magnetization and ac susceptibility of single crystals of the spin-ice compound ${\mathrm{Dy}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}. $ Saturated moments at 1.8 K along the characteristic axes [100] and [110] agree with the expected values for an effective ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor Ising pyrochlore with local $〈111〉$ anisotropy, where each magnetic moment is constrained to obey the ``ice rule. '' At high enough magnetic fields along the [111] axis, the saturated moment exhibits a breaking of the ice rule; it agrees with the value expected for a three-in, one-out spin configuration. Assuming the realistic magnetic interaction between Dy ions given by the dipolar spin ice model, we completely reproduce the results at 2 K by Monte Carlo calculations. However, down to at least 60 mK, we have not found any experimental evidence of the long-range magnetic ordering predicted by this model to occur at around 180 mK. Instead, we confirm the spin freezing of the system below 0.5 K.
Applying the Health Belief Model and Organization-Public Relationship Quality to Examine COVID-19 Health Behaviors and Public Health Messaging

In the context of the most severe pandemic in over 100 years, this study examined public health behavior and public health messaging using the health belief model (HBM) and organization-public relationships (OPR) as frameworks. The study employed a cross-sectional survey of students (n = 288) and employees (n = 203) at a large public university in the southeastern United States. First, the study empirically tested the components of the HBM as determinants of engaging in health behaviors meant to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and, supporting prior HBM research, found all components of the model to be significantly related to engaging in the health behaviors. Next, the study found the relationship between the university's public health messaging and OPR quality to be statistically significant. Additionally, findings indicated that OPR quality was significantly related to engaging in the health behaviors. This study contributes to both theory and practice with significant findings that provide a direction for further translational research utilizing the HBM and OPR to examine public health communication. Keywords: coronavirus, cues to action, health behavior change, public health communication, relationship theory
Unusual Isotopic Abundances in a Fully Convective Stellar Binary

Low-mass M dwarfs represent the most common outcome of star formation, but their complex emergent spectra hinder detailed studies of their composition and initial formation. The measurement of isotopic ratios is a key tool that has been used to unlock the formation of our solar system, the Sun, and the nuclear processes within more massive stars. We observed GJ 745AB, two M dwarfs orbiting in a wide binary, with the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility/iSHELL spectrograph. Our spectroscopy of CO in these stars at the 4.7 μm fundamental and 2.3 μm first-overtone rovibrational bandheads reveals , , and in their photospheres. Because the stars are fully convective, the atomic constituents of these isotopologues should be uniformly mixed throughout the stars’ interiors. We find that in these M dwarfs, both / and / greatly exceed the Solar values. These measurements cannot be explained solely by models of Galactic chemical evolution, but require that the stars formed from an interstellar medium significantly enriched by material ejected from an exploding core-collapse supernova. These isotopic measurements complement the elemental abundances provided by large-scale spectroscopic surveys, and open a new window onto studies of Galactic evolution, stellar populations, and individual systems.
Different Aβ43 deposition patterns in the brains of aged dogs, sea lions, and cats

Cerebral amyloid β (Aβ) deposition is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There are several molecular species of Aβ, including Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ43, and the pathological roles of Aβ43 have attracted particular attention in recent years. Aβ43 is mainly deposited as senile plaques (SPs) in AD brains, and is known to be more amyloidogenic and neurotoxic than Aβ42 and Aβ40. Aβ40 and Aβ42 deposition have been demonstrated in several animal species, while Aβ43 deposition has not been studied in animals. The brains of sea lions, dogs, and cats exhibit unique age-related Aβ pathologies. In the present study, the deposition patterns of Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ43 were examined immunohistochemically in the brains of aged dogs (n=52), sea lions (n=5), and cats (n=17). In dogs, most cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) lesions and primitive SPs were positive for Aβ42, Aβ43, and Aβ40. However, diffuse SPs and capillary CAA lesions were negative for Aβ40. In sea lions, all SPs and most CAA lesions were positive for Aβ42, Aβ43, and Aβ40, while capillary CAA lesions were negative for Aβ40. In cats, Aβ42-immunopositive granular aggregates and arteriole and capillary CAA lesions were positive for Aβ43, but negative for Aβ40. Double-labelling immunohistochemistry revealed the co-localization of Aβ42 and Aβ43. These findings suggest that Aβ43 and Aβ42 are frequently deposited in the brains of Carnivora animals and may play an important role in Aβ pathology.
The Velocity Field of the Local Universe from Measurements of Type Ia Supernovae

We present a measurement of the velocity flow of the local universe relative to the CMB rest frame, based on the recent Jha et al. sample of 133 low-redshift Type Ia supernovae. At a depth of 4500 km s-1 we find a dipole amplitude of 279 ± 68 km s-1 in the direction l = 285° ± 18°, b = -10° ± 15°, consistent with earlier measurements and with the assumption that the local velocity field is dominated by the Great Attractor region. At a greater depth of 5900 km s-1, we find a shift in the dipole direction toward the Shapley Concentration. We also present the first measurement of the quadrupole term in the local velocity flow at these depths. Finally, we have performed detailed studies based on N-body simulations of the expected precision with which the lowest multipoles in the velocity field can be measured out to redshifts of order 0.1. Our mock catalogs are in good agreement with current observations and demonstrate that our results are robust with respect to assumptions about the influence of local environment on the Type Ia supernova rate.
Links of daily shared appraisal and collaboration to support, mood, and self-care in type 2 diabetes

Research has increasingly recognized the links of communal coping—a shared appraisal of a stressor and collaborative action to manage it—to positive adjustment outcomes in chronic illness. However, past literature rarely examines if these two components have unique links to relationship and health outcomes, if one component is more strongly linked than the other component to these outcomes, or if the two components interact to influence outcomes. Additionally, the impact of shared appraisal and collaboration may depend on the source—the patient or the romantic partner. In a study of 200 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and their spouses, daily reports of shared appraisal and collaboration, mood, support interactions, and patient self-care were collected over 14 consecutive days. Multi-level modeling showed that both patient and spouse reports of shared appraisal and collaboration were linked independently to support interactions and better mood for patients and spouses, while collaboration alone was linked to self-care. Further, collaboration was generally more strongly linked to behavioral outcomes—support and self-care—than shared appraisal, while links to mood were similar for shared appraisal and collaboration. Shared appraisal and collaboration also interacted such that shared appraisal was particularly beneficial for those who reported low collaboration. Finally, results suggested one’s own reports of shared appraisal and collaboration were more strongly linked to outcomes than partner reports. Overall, these findings demonstrate unique impacts of daily shared appraisal and collaboration on adjustment to chronic illness for patients and spouses.
An Arena for Multi-Messenger Astrophysics: Inspiral and Tidal Disruption of White Dwarfs by Massive Black Holes

The tidal disruption of stars by (super-)massive black holes in galactic nuclei has been discussed in theoretical terms for about 30 years but only in the past decade have we been able to detect such events in substantial numbers. Thus, we are now starting to carry out observational tests of models for the disruption. We are also formulating expectations for the inspiral and disruption of white dwarfs by intermediate-mass black holes with masses $< 10^5\;{\rm M}_\odot$. Such events are very rich with information and open a new window to intermediate-mass black holes, thought to live in dwarf galaxies and star clusters. They can inform us of the demographics of intermediate-mass black holes, stellar populations and dynamics in their immediate vicinity, and the physics of accretion of hydrogen-deficient material. The combination of upcoming transient surveys using ground-based, electromagnetic observatories and low-frequency gravitational wave observations is ideal for exploiting tidal disruptions of white dwarfs. The detection rate of gravitational wave signals, optimistically, may reach a few dozen per year in a volume up to $z\approx 0.1$. Gravitational wave observations are particularly useful because they yield the masses of the objects involved and allow determination of the spin of the black hole, affording tests of physical models for black hole formation and growth. They also give us advance warning of the electromagnetic flares by weeks or more. The right computing infrastructure for modern models for the disruption process and event rates will allow us to make the most of the upcoming observing facilities.
Finite-Time Analysis of Adaptive Temporal Difference Learning with Deep Neural Networks

Temporal difference (TD) learning with function approximations (linear functions or neural networks) has achieved remarkable empirical success, giving impetus to the development of ﬁnite-time analysis. As an accelerated version of TD, the adaptive TD has been proposed and proved to enjoy ﬁnite-time convergence under the linear function approximation. Existing numerical results have demonstrated the superiority of adaptive algorithms to vanilla ones. Nevertheless, the performance guarantee of adaptive TD with neural network approximation remains widely unknown. This paper establishes the ﬁnite-time analysis for the adaptive TD with multi-layer ReLU networks approximation whose samples are generated from a Markov decision process. Our established theory shows that if the width of the deep neural network is large enough, the adaptive TD using neural network approximation can ﬁnd the (optimal) value function with high probabilities under the same iteration complexity as TD in general cases. Furthermore, we show that the adaptive TD using neural network approximation, with the same width and searching area, can achieve theoretical acceleration when the stochastic semi-gradients decay fast.
Constraints on intergalactic dust from quasar colours

Colour measurements of quasars are used to constrain the abundance and properties of intergalactic dust and the related extinction effects on high-z sources. For type Ia supernovae at z = 1, we derive an upper limit on the possible dimming from intergalactic dust of Δm = 0.2, ruling out the `grey' dust scenario as being solely responsible for the observed faintness of high-z SNIa.
Atheistic modal realism

Abstract Atheistic modal realism asserts roughly that there are many concrete possible worlds and that the actual world is entirely godless. Here I will refine this position using the modal realism of David Lewis. For Lewis, all gods (including the Christian God) are contingent superhuman persons, who inhabit non-actual worlds. Although gods are concrete world-bound particulars, atheistic modal realism has room for impersonal absolutes and ultimates (which are not gods). Since no gods are actual, atheism is true. Yet there are infinitely many non-actual gods. Non-actual gods and worlds provide resources for analysing religious beliefs and practices. Lewisian theology provides a powerful new way for atheists to understand religion.
Pt-N Co-Modified TiO2 Nanotube Electrode Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation of Oxytetracycline in Simulated Wastewater

Using photodeposition and plasma, Pt-N co-modified TiO2 nanotube electrodes were created. Several techniques, such as SEM, XRD, UV-VIS-DRS, XPS, and PL, were used to analyze the electrode shape, crystalline structure, light absorption range, elemental composition, and photogenerated carrier recombination efficiency. Using the electrochemical workstation, EIS and I-t were utilized to examine the electrochemical characteristics. The results indicated that the diameter of the TiO2 nanotube tubes was around 90 nm, and that the photodeposition duration affected the amount of Pt particles deposited. The deposited Pt particles efficiently reduced the photogenerated carrier complexation rate of the N-TiO2 nanotube electrode, contributing to the separation of electron-hole pairs and light utilization. Electrochemical studies indicated that Pt-N co-modified TiO2 increased the electrode’s oxidation and electrical conductivity, as well as its photoelectrocatalytic capacity. Oxytetracycline degradation in simulated wastewater by a Pt-N co-modified TiO2 nanotube electrode revealed the exceptional PEC activity, and the oxytetracycline degradation processes followed primary kinetics. •O2− and •OH played a significant role in the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of oxytetracycline, resulting in a novel method for oxytetracycline degradation.
High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Stress-Relieved AlSi10Mg Produced via Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing

The present study is dedicated to the evaluation of the mechanical properties of an additively manufactured (AM) aluminum alloy and their dependence on temperature and build orientation. Tensile test samples were produced from a standard AlSi10Mg alloy by means of the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) or Laser Beam Melting (LBM) process at polar angles of 0°, 45° and 90°. Prior to testing, samples were stress-relieved on the build platform for 2 h at 350 °C. Tensile tests were performed at four temperature levels (room temperature (RT), 125, 250 and 450 °C). Results are compared to previously published data on AM materials with and without comparable heat treatment. To foster a deeper understanding of the obtained results, fracture surfaces were analyzed, and metallographic sections were prepared for microstructural evaluation and for additional hardness measurements. The study confirms the expected significant reduction of strength at elevated temperatures and specifically above 250 °C: Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was found to be 280.2 MPa at RT, 162.8 MPa at 250 °C and 34.4 MPa at 450 °C for a polar angle of 0°. In parallel, elongation at failure increased from 6.4% via 15.6% to 26.5%. The influence of building orientation is clearly dominated by the temperature effect, with UTS values at RT for polar angles of 0° (vertical), 45° and 90° (horizontal) reaching 280.2, 272.0 and 265.9 MPa, respectively, which corresponds to a 5.1% deviation. The comparatively low room temperature strength of roughly 280 MPa is associated with stress relieving and agrees well with data from the literature. However, the complete breakdown of the cellular microstructure reported in other studies for treatments at similar or slightly lower temperatures is not fully confirmed by the metallographic investigations. The data provide a basis for the prediction of AM component response under the thermal and mechanical loads associated with high-pressure die casting (HPDC) and thus facilitate optimizing HPDC-based compound casting processes involving AM inserts.
MRI- and PET-Based Assessment of Radiological and Clinical Factors Associated With Cervical Cancer Response to External Beam Radiation Therapy

Introduction In the era of MRI-guided external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), complete radiological response (CR) is often seen in cervical cancer (CC) with 4-6 weeks of chemotherapy and EBRT. The clinical and radiological factors associated with this observation were investigated in this study. Materials and methods One hundred and twenty-four CC patients treated with concurrent chemotherapy, EBRT, and brachytherapy (BT) from January 2008 to July 2015 were retrospectively screened. Initial primary gross tumor volume (GTVINITIAL) was estimated after contouring on a planning CT scan registered with pre-EBRT PET and MRI. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of GTVINITIAL from each PET scan report was collected. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho) values were calculated to assess the relationships among age, tumor size, and SUV. Tumor radiological response during EBRT prior to BT was calculated by contouring the final primary gross tumor volume (GTVFINAL) using MRI obtained prior to BT. CR rates during EBRT were estimated from GTVINITIAL and GTVFINAL and compared by the level of various factors using Fisher’s exact test (two-sided). Results Forty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria of the study with a median age of 50 years. The median GTVINITIAL was 82 cc. The median SUV was 14.9. A significant correlation was seen between SUV and GTVINITIAL with a larger tumor size associated with a higher SUV. CR rates were numerically higher for patients who were aged <50 years, or with >37.5 Gy radiation dose at or before the second MRI, or with GTVINITIAL <100 cc, or with no nodes involved or with stages IB or IIA. Conclusions Our study identified higher CC primary tumor CR rates during EBRT in younger patients (<50) with smaller tumors (100 cc) without nodal involvements as well as a positive correlation between PET FDG (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose)-SUV and CC primary tumor size.
A Low Profile Ultra-Wideband Antenna with Reconfigurable Notch Band Characteristics for Smart Electronic Systems

This study describes the design and implementation of a small printed ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for smart electronic systems with on-demand adjustable notching properties. A contiguous sub-band between 3–4.1 GHz, 4.45–6.5 GHz, or for both bands concurrently, can be mitigated by the antenna. Numerous technologies and applications, including WiMAX, Wi-Fi, ISMA, WLAN, and sub-6 GHz, primarily utilize these band segments remitted by the UWB. The upper notch band is implemented by inserting an open-ended stub with the partial ground plane; the lower notch band functionality is obtained by etching a U-shaped slot from the radiating structure. The basic UWB mode is then changed to a UWB mode, with a single or dual notch band, using two diodes to achieve reconfigurability. The antenna has a physically compact size of 17 × 23 mm2 and a quasi-omnidirectional maximum gain of 4.9 dBi, along with a high efficiency of more than 80%, according to both simulation and measurement data. A significant bandwidth in the UWB region is also demonstrated by the proposed design, with a fractional bandwidth of 180% in relation to the 5.2 GHz center frequency. Regarding compactness, consistent gain, and programmable notch features, the proposed antenna outperforms the antennas described in the literature. In addition to these benefits, the antenna’s compact size makes it simple to incorporate into small electronic devices and enables producers to build many antennas without complications.
Hour time-scale QPOs in the X-ray and radio emission of LS I +61°303

LS I +61$^{\circ}$303 is an X-ray binary with a radio outburst every ~27 days. Previous studies of the stellar system revealed radio microflares superimposed on the large radio outburst. We present here new radio observations of LS I +61$^{\circ}$303 at 2.2 GHz with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT). Using various timing analysis methods we find significant Quasi-Periodic Oscillations (QPOs) of 55 minutes stable over the duration of 4 days. We also use archival data obtained from the Suzaku satellite at X-ray wavelengths. We report here for the first time significant X-ray QPOs of about 2 hours present over the time span of 21 hours. We compare our results with the previously reported QPO observations and we conclude that the QPOs seem to be associated with the radio outburst, independent of the amplitude of the outburst. Finally, the different QPO time-scales are discussed in the context of magnetic reconnection.