Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of job satisfaction and demographic factors on organizational commitment among of teachers of federal government girls’ college, zaria, nigeria

One of the major concerns of many employers and human resource management practitioners (HRMPs) is to make their employees highly satisfied in order to retain them as well as to make them productive and committed to their organization. Unfortunately, many cases of turnover and poor attitudes to work have been frequently reported by many surveys and news media. One significant reason that the cost of turnover in the secondary school remains high are due to the poor pay, limited promotion opportunities, poor supervision, poor communication among others. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of job satisfaction and demographic characteristics on organizational commitment among teachers of Federal Government Girls‟ College, Zaria, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 52 teaching staff of Federal Government Girls College, Zaria. Correlational and regression analyses techniques were used to analyze the data collected. The study . revealed that (1) there significant positive relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment (2) there was a significant positive positive relationship between age and organizational commitment; and (3) there was significant negative relationship between education and organizational commitment Based on the findings, it is recommended that in order to ensure a high level of job satisfaction of teachers there is a need to enhance their salary. This is needed to satisfy the pay need of the teachers and also improve the public image and self esteem of teachers. Teachers‟ working conditions should also be improved also in order to ensure that highly qualified and very experienced teachers are retained in the schools.
Simple Approach to Reactive Dye Decolorization Using Trichosanthes dioica Proteins at Low Concentration of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole

Enzymatic catalysis in the presence of redox mediators has emerged as an effective and feasible technique for degradation of complex structural compounds. We investigated peroxidase from Trichosanthes dioica to study decolorization of reactive dyes namely Reactive Blue15 (RB15) and Reactive Red4 (RR4) under different experimental conditions like pH, temperature, time interval, enzyme concentration and in the presence of redox mediators. Six different redox mediators; syringaldehyde, guaiacol, 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole (HOBT), vanillin, bromophenol and quinol were simultaneously evaluated. T. dioica peroxidase showed remarkable decolorization of reactive dye in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. At an enzyme concentration of 0.45 EUmL-1 the peroxidase decolorized Reactive Red15 almost completely up to a maximum of 98.6%whereas Reactive Red4 decolorized upto 68.2%with 1.0 mM 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. Maximum decolorization was recorded at a temperature range of 40°C to 50°C at pH 5.0. Time activity plot exhibited maximum decolorization at 90 min and 180min for RB15 and RR4 respectively. It can be concluded that T. dioica peroxidase could be a potential source for developing an inexpensive and efficient method for the treatment of recalcitrant reactive dyes that are potentially toxic or even carcinogenic.
Effect of stocking density on the production of common carp(Cyprinus carpio Lin.) in cages at Kaptai lake, Bangladesh

Growth, survival and food conversion ratio (FCR) of Cyprinus carpio in cages at different stocking density were studied in Kaptai lake. Fingerlings of common carp (12.47 ± 4.29 g) were stocked at 25/m2 , 50/m2 and 75/m2 each with replication in six floating net cages each of Sm x Sm x 4m and reared for 240 days. The growth rate was inversely related to the stocking density with the mean weights of 325.5 ± 11.74 g, 268.99± 8.44 g and 167.0 ± 11.66 g at low, medium and high densities, respectively. At harvest, standing crop biomass averaged 7 . 82, 12.83 and 11.58 kg with the survival of 98.9%, 97.6% and 94.4% and food conversion ratios of 4.51, 3.82 and 4.21 for the above three densities, respectively. Weight gain and production at density 25 fish/m 2 were significantly different (p< 0.01) from other two densities. Water quality was not affected in the cages having different stocking densities.
STUDIES ON SPECIAL BREAD MADE FROM DIFFERENT MIXTURES.

Celiac disease is one of the most common food intolerance. The only effective treatment for celiac disease is a strict adherence to a gluten free diet throughout the patient’s lifetime. Gluten-free products such as bread are not widely available and are usually more expensive than their gluten containing counterparts. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop high-quality gluten-free products. The blends of bread which prepared for celiac patient’s were prepared from rice flour, corn flour, milk protein concentrate 70% (M.P.C.) and guar gum. The mixture of the four blends were (50% rice flour+30% corn flour+19% M.P.C.+1% guar gum), (60% rice flour+20% corn flour+19% M.P.C.+1% guar gum), (70% rice flour+10% corn flour+19% M.P.C. +1% guar gum) and (80% rice flour+19% M.P.C.+1% guar gum). Studies were carried out to evaluated chemical, sensory and biological properties of the raw materials and the produced bread made from the four formulas and the control. Chemical results of raw materials showed that there were significant differences in protein, carbohydrates, fiber and calcium contents. On the other hand, with these additives levels, bread increase in protein, and fiber contents, such improvements could be deduced to higher protein content of milk protein concentrate and higher fiber content of guar gum. While, the sensory evaluation of pan bread showed that there were slight differences between control and formulas. On the other side there was no different between the rats fed on pan bread diets compared with the rats fed on control bread (100% wheat flour), in food efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, biological value, serum transaminases, creatinine, uric acid, serum glucose, hemoglobin (Hb)and relative weight of liver and kidney.
Fertility and hatchability of Japanese quail eggs under semi arid conditions in Nigeria

Some factors affecting the fertility and hatchability of Japanese quail eggs were studied at the Poultry Unit of the University of Maiduguri Livestock Teaching and Research Farm. A total of 1850 eggs were used for the study and data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance. The mean values of fertility, hatchability of total and fertile eggs set, early, mid and late embryo mortalities were 74.33, 51.35, 69.09, 10.25, 7.57 and 12.30% respectively. Fertility was highest (84.92%) in the dry cold, least (35.58%) in the dry hot, with wet season (80.75%) being intermediate. Similarly, hatchability of total and fertile eggs set were 67.18 and 79.11% in the dry cold, 14.11 and 39.66% in the dry hot and 46.86 and 58.03% in the wet season. Younger quails (≤10 and 11-22 weeks) had higher fertility and hatchability than older ones (23-34 and 35-52 weeks). Early embryo mortality also increased with age. Fertility and hatchability of eggs from caged birds was 89.54 and 62.34% as compared to 54.93 and 37.35% from deep litter reared birds and hatchability of fertile eggs was 69.63 and 67.96% respectively. Fertility and hatchability was highest (92.15 and 71.48%) for birds of ratio 1:3 and least for 1:5 (19.60 and 10%). Breeders that weighed 181-200 g had the highest hatchability (79.22%) and ≤140 g the least (60.83%). In contrast, breeder's with weights ≤ 140 g had the highest late embryo mortality (20%) and 141-160 g the least (9.67%). Light brown quails had lower hatchability of total and fertile eggs (23.71% and 35.71%) as compared to wild type or normal colored ones (52.04% and 69.84%). Light brown, however, had higher (P<0.05) early and late embryo mortalities (21.43% and 35.71%) than wild type (10.0% and 11.77%). It can be concluded from this study that for optimum fertility and hatchability, Japanese quail should be reared in cages at a mating ratio of 1:3 male to female.
Nutrient composition and in situ degradability of forest foliages consumed by mithun (Bos frontalis)

The present investigation was carried out to determine the nutrient composition, macro and micro mineral content and nutritive values of foliages consumed by mithun. Crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and ash content of foliages were found to be very between 11.8 to 26.4, 1.91 to 2.81, 19.4 to 28.0, 25 to 38 and 5.1 to 8.9 percent, respectively. The foliages contained 1.62 to 3.32, 0.22 to 0.84 percent of Ca and Mg respectively, but Na content of all the selected foliages was low (less than 0.015%). Phosphorous was mostly within the range of 0.22 to 0.47 percent. Trace minerals, like Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn contents were found to be 6.3 to 19.2, 132.2 to 594.7, 36.6 to 206 and 51.3 to 424.5 mg/kg, respectively, on DM basis. The mean value of the effective degradability of DM and CP calculated from the rumen out flow rates (5% h−1, as average) were 29.9 to 38.7 and 35.3 to 40.2 percent respectively. Degradation of DM (r = −0.50) and CP (r = −0.28)were negatively correlated with NDF content. The selected foliages indicated that the mineral concentrations were within the normal range. Nevertheless, Na was deficient in all the foliages. It is concluded that among different foliages, Ficus dalhousiae, Callicarpa vestita, Melia azadiracta, Trema orientalis and Lagerstroemia speciosa could be used as moderate energy and rumen undegradable protein source.
Genetic diversity analysis of three groups of Silurus lanzhouensis based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene sequences

In this study,the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b of 56 samples representing three groups of Silurus lanzhouensis were sequenced.The MEGA 4.0 and DNASP software were used to analyze the 968 bp gene fragment.The results showed that:17 haplotypes,99 sites of mutation were detected accounting for 10.23 % of total sequence,93 sites were polymorphism sites,in which 74 sites were parsimony informative sites.After being aligned,the average basic compositions of all sequences were as follows:26.87 % A,29.46 % C,29.16 % T and 14.53 % G,while the average basic compositions of A+T were bigger than G+C.Genetic distance were calculated by the Kimura′s 2-parameter model,which ranged from 0.001 1 to 0.084 4,haplotype diversity of three groups of Silurus Lanzhouensis(QS,ZS and WS) were(0.916±0.027),(0.714±0.0710) and(0.857±0.039),respectively,and nucleotide diversity of those three groups were(0.008 01±0.000 006 9),(0.002 87±0.000 001 2) and(0.019 55±0.000 025 0),respectively.
The biochemical mechanism of cold-hardiness in overwintering larva of Dend-rolimus spectabilis Butler(Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

One of the most striking characteristics of overwintering insects is their capacity to accumulate high concentrations of low-molecular-weight polyols and sugars, and that can greatly affect the cold-hardiness of overwintering insects. Dendrolimus spectabilis is one of the most destructive pests attacking pine tree, it overwinters as larva in the cold winter in Shandong Province. In the present study, experiments were carried out to examine the relationship between the content of bio chemical substances and cold-hardiness of overwintering larva of D. spectabilis.Results showed that the content of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates in the larval haemolymph in January was about 3.8 times of that in October, especially the content of glucose, trehalose and sorbitol increased about 908%, 184%, and 644%, respectively, while the glocogen decreased about 56.5%. Compared with the larva before winter period, the content of threonine , serine, glutamicnine, alanine, cystine in the overwintering larva increased about 493.75%,433.70%,474.15%,21.45% and 47.08%, respectively. However,the content of glycine, asparticacid, methionine, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine,arginine,proline decreased remarkably. During the over-wintering period, the content of fat in over-wintering larva decreased, but the protein increased, and the diagrams of glyprotein electrophor-esis analysis showed that the content of glycoprotein increased about 200% than that in the larva before overwinter. The results in this paper indicated that the main antifreezes in the overwintering larva of D. spectabilis included low-molecular weight carbohydrates (sorbitol, trehalose, glucose)-glycoprotein-amino acid (alanine, threonine etc.).
Successes and failures of transgenic bt crops: Global patterns of field-evolved resistance

Farmers planted genetically engineered crops that produce insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) on a cumulative total of 570 million ha worldwide from 1996 to 2013. Th ese Bt crops kill some key insect pests, yet they are not toxic to most other organisms, including people. Bt crops can suppress pests, reduce the use of insecticide sprays and increase farmer profi ts, but their benefi ts are diminished or lost when pests evolve resistance. Here we review data monitoring resistance to seven Bt proteins in 13 major pest species targeting Bt maize and Bt cotton on six continents. Of the 27 sets of monitoring data analysed, seven show severe fi eld-evolved resistance in 2 to 8 years with practical consequences for pest control (i.e. practical resistance), eight show statistically signifi cant but less severe fi eldevolved resistance and 12 show no evidence of decreased susceptibility after 2 to 15 years. Th e surge in cases of practical resistance since 2005 is associated with increased planting of Bt crops, increased cumulative exposure of pests to Bt crops and increased monitoring. In addition, practical resistance to Bt crops is associated with a scarcity of refuges, which consist of host plants that do not produce Bt proteins. To maximize the benefi ts of Bt crops, we encourage collaboration between growers and scientists in industry, academia and government to implement large refuges of non-Bt host plants, particularly when the inheritance of resistance is not recessive and alleles conferring resistance are not rare.
Construction of eucaryotic expression plasmid carrying BMP-7 gene and its expression in rat cardiomyocytes

Objective:To construct an eucaryotic expression plasmid carrying recombinant rat bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7)gene and its expression in rat cardiomyocytes.Methods:Recombinant rat BMP-7 was cloned into eucaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1. At the same time,cardiomyocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro.The plasmid carrying BMP-7 was transfected into cardiomyocytes with FuGENE 6.0 reagent,and BMP-7 mRNA and protein expressions were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemical method,and Western blotting 72 hours after the transfection.Results:The eucaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1 carrying BMP-7 was obtained,and it could be transfected into cardiomyocytes and express BMP-7 protein.Conclusion:The vector pcDNA3.1 carrying recombinant rat BMP-7 can be successfully constructed,and its effective expression in cardiomyocytes may provide basis for BMP-7 gene therapy of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Farklı Ekim Sıklıklarının Korunganın (Onobrychis sativa L.) Kuru Ot ve Ham Protein Verimi Üzerine Etkisi

This research was carried out in order to investigate the effects of different row spacings (15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 cm) and seeding rates (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 kg/da) on the hay and crude protein yields of sainfoin on Agricultural Research and Applied Center of Agriculture Faculty, Uludag University in 2000-2003. The field experiments were established in split block design with four replications. In experiment were determined plant height, hay yield and crude protein yield. According to results of this study, sainfoin should be planted with 15 cm row spacings and 10 kg/da seeding rate for higher hay production in Southern Marmara Region or in regions having the same ecological conditions.
Linking predation risk, ungulate antipredator responses, and patterns of vegetation in the high Andes

Whether large carnivores indirectly influence vegetation via prey behavior remains controversial because available evidence is largely correlational, and recent field experiments have found weak associations between risk experienced by prey and vegetative responses to herbivory. We combined observational data and a field experiment to test whether an ambush predator—the puma (Puma concolor)—affected the antipredator behavior of its primary ungulate prey—the vicuña (Vicugna vicugna)—which in turn had cascading effects on vegetation. We predicted that strong protective effects of pumas on vegetation would be most apparent in habitats where cover and terrain (i.e., physical complexity) facilitated the ambushing strategy of pumas. In 3 different habitats, we evaluated the relationships among predation risk, vicuña behavior, and—by deploying vicuña exclosures— vegetation structure and productivity. We also examined habitat-specific rates of vegetative regrowth. Risky habitats presented high physical complexity, a disproportionately large number of vicuñas killed by pumas, and high relative abundance of pumas. In these habitats, vicuñas displayed strong antipredator behaviors and exclosures did not affect vegetation, suggesting that pumas indirectly protected plants. Conversely, a safe habitat presented low structural complexity, a disproportionately low number of vicuñas killed by pumas, and low relative abundance of pumas. Here, vicuñas relaxed antipredator behaviors and exclosures had strong effects on vegetation. In 1 habitat deemed as risky, however, cascading effects were offset likely because water and nutrients were readily available to plants and regrowth was rapid. Our results show that large ambush carnivores can positively affect vegetation via nonconsumptive effects on their prey, and that these effects are habitat mediated. However, primary productivity modulated the strength of such effects, with high primary productivity dampening the observed cascading effects.
IMMUNOGENICITY AND PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF PSEUDOMONAS FLUOROSCENS VACCINES ON GRASS CARP

Pseudomonas fluoroscens from morbid grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella) was isolated to prepare formalin-killed and heat-killed whole cells and outer membrane and dissolved proteins.The immunoprotective effects of these vaccine candidates were investigated in grass carp by intraperitoneal injection.The antibody titers in serum were determined by tube agglutination test.The results showed that all the vaccine candidates elicited serum antibody response.The serum antibody peak was first observed in the response triggered by the dissolved protein,which was followed in sequence by the outer membrane protein,the formalin-killed whole cells and the heat-killed whole cells.The formalin-killed whole cell preparation induced the highest antibody peak,followed in order by the heat-killed whole cell preparation,the dissolved protein and the outer membrane protein.Fish vaccinated with any of the vaccine candidates exhibited significant protective immunity when challenged with the pathogenic strain and the relative percent protection values ranged from 65% to 75%,thus indicating that these vaccine candidates had protective effects on grass carp.The serum antibody levels were not highly consistent with the protective effects of the vaccine candidates.
A Casual Model of Adherence to Therapeutic Regimens Among Thai Older Adults with Hypertension

A cross-sectional, predictive correlational design was used to test a causal relationship between predicting factors and adherence to therapeutic regimens among older adults with hypertension. Simple random sampling was used to obtain a sample of 341 attending five hypertension clinics in a community hospital in northern Thailand. Data collection used 9 questionnaires, including the personal information sheet, the Chula Mental Test, the Chula Activities of Daily Living Index, the Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale, the Health Belief for Hypertensive Patient Scale, the Hypertensive Self-efficacy Scale, The Hypertensive Social Support Scale, the Provider-Patient Communication Scale, and the Hypertensive Adherence to Therapeutic Regimens Scale. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s product moment and structural equation model. Results showed that the modified model fitted with the data and explained 60% of the variance in adherence to therapeutic regimens. Physical function, perceived self-efficacy to adherence, provider-patient communication had a direct effect on adherence to therapeutic regimens; social support from family had both direct and indirect effect through health belief (only perceived severity and barriers) and perceived self efficacy to adherence. Both had a had both direct and indirect effect on perceived self-efficacy to adherence through perceived susceptibility, but had only a direct effect on perceived benefits. Also social support from family had an indirect effect on perceived barriers through provider-patient communication then through knowledge of hypertension. Cognitive function had an indirect effect on adherence to therapeutic regimens through perceived self-efficacy to adherence and also indirect effect on perceived barriers through knowledge of hypertension. Nurses should be aware of factors predicting adherence to therapeutic regimens and adopt these factors in potential nursing interventions, especially physical function, perceived self-efficacy to adherence, provider-patient communication, social support from family, perceived severity, and perceived barriers. Pacific Rim Int J Nurs Res 2015; 19(2) 107-121
Studies on Serum Albumin Polymorphism in Goats

家畜の血清アルブミンの多形現象については主として澱粉ゲル電気泳動法により多くの研究がなされている. しかるに,やぎ血清アルブミンのそれについてはまだ明らかにされていない. そこで,これを明らかにするために寒天ゲル電気泳動法により実験を行ない,次の知見を得た. やぎ血清アルブミンはその易動度により3つの型,AlbAA, AlbBBおよびAlbAB,に分類される. これら3つの表現型は2つの常染色体性対立遺伝子AlbAおよびAlbBによつて遺伝的に支配されている. 従つて,その遺伝子型はAlbA/AlbA, AlbB/AlbBおよびAlbA/AlbBで表わされる. AlbA遺伝子は調査個体のうち,スイスのSaanen種を除き,すべての品種に認められた. スイスのSaanen種はAlbB遺伝子のみを所有していた.
Evaluation of resistance to PRSV and selection of homogeneous lineon the transgenic papaya plants

The self-pollinated and cross-pollinated seeds on transgenic T_3 and T_4 line plants containing replicase gene of papaya ringspot virus(PRSV),were separately harvested and planted in the greenhouse.The seedlings were respectively inoculated with PRSV Ys strain and the replicase gene(Trp) for each transgenic plant was detected by PCR.The results showed that Trp was still segregated on all lines from T_3 and T_4 plants except Trp-6-2(one line of T_3). All plants of Trp-6-2,no matter its self-pollinated or cross-pollinated with any susceptible cultivars,showed that no any symptom appeared after inoculation in the green house,and Trp gene could be detected.This indicated that Trp-6-2 might be one of homogenous transgenic line. T_3 plant population lines also showed high level of PRSV resistance except 3 of 38 plants of one self-pollinated line,which developed slight mosaic symptom 5 months after planting in the field.
Isolation,purification and characterization of L-glutamate oxidase from Streptomyces sp.

The L-glutamate oxidase(GLOD) produced by Streptomyces sp.was purified by fraction precipitation by ammonium sulfate,HPLC desalination,ion exchange,Superdex G-200 Gel filtration chromatography and other steps.The electrophoresis purity was examined by SDS-PAGE,and the relative molecular weight of purified enzyme is 140ku.The properties of the L-glutamate oxidase were studied.The optimal temperature and pH value were 50℃ and 7.0,respectively.The enzyme was stable between 0℃～50℃ and within pH value 6.0～9.0. The Km value for hydrolyzation of L-glutamic acid by this enzyme was 2.1×10-4mol/L.Metal ions of K+,Na+ and Mg2+ had little effect on the activity of GLOD,but Hg2+,Cu2+ and Ag+ can inhibit the activity of the enzyme.