Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors increasing the risk for food addiction in Ecuadorian students

Background Food addiction (FA) is a construct that has gained interest in recent years, but its relevance in the Ecuadorian population has not yet been explored. The aims of this study were to explore the differences in the psychological profile (including FA) between university students from Ecuador and to identify the underlying structure of the relationships of the FA severity level through a mediational model. Methods The sample consisted of 972 university students, women and men (mean age: 20.1 years old, SD = 2.6), recruited from four Ecuadorian regions. The assessment tools included a unidimensional scale of FA, eating-related measures, emotion regulation state, impulsivity, and psychopathology state. Path analysis modeled the direct and indirect effects explaining the FA severity level. Results The results indicated that higher psychopathological levels were associated with FA. Similarly, no differences in FA were observed between the Ecuadorian regions. The path analysis suggested that older age, female sex, and higher difficulties in emotional regulation, impulsivity, negative mood, and anxiety trigger disordered eating; subsequently, more impaired eating behavior impacted the FA level. Conclusion FA is a complex clinical entity that includes multiple components related to eating disorders (EDs) and other mental health problems. The results of this study provide empirical knowledge for designing evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies.
Treatment of Terasil Red dye by bio-coagulation-microfiltration process: experimental study and modelling

The present study investigates the effectiveness of acorn leaves ( Quercus canariensis ) as a bio-coag-ulant and microfiltration technique for removing Terasil Red dye from a synthetic solution. In this study, a zirconium oxide ceramic membrane was employed. Experimental investigations were also conducted to assess the influence of coagulant dose and solution pH on the coagulation perfor - mance. Afterward, for microfiltration (MF) and the hybrid process of bio-coagulation–microfiltra - tion, the effect of transmembrane pressure (TMP) was evaluated. The results indicate that the pH of the solution and the dose of coagulant used have a significant impact on coagulation performance. However, the MF process is primarily influenced by TMP. Furthermore, the pH and operating pres - sure were found to have an important influence on the hybrid process. The experimental results showed that the highest removal efficiency for dye and turbidity removal (96.2% and 98.77%, respec - tively) was obtained by hybrid process at pH 3 and TMP of 1.7 bar. For the same previous condi - tions of pH and TMP, the permeate flux increased and reached the highest values. A comparative study between the experimental results and those obtained by simulation with SuperPro Designer software demonstrated close agreement between the findings.
A Learning Approach for The Identification of Network Intrusions Based on Ensemble XGBoost Classifier

The limitation of signature-based Intrusion Detection systems has given rise for the popularity of Machine learning (ML) approaches r for building such intrusion detection systems (IDSs). ML is a sub-filed of Artificial Intelligence that enables algorithms to learn from data and its applications have been widely accepted and used in many domains. To achieve a promising ML-based model that can identify attacks and intrusions in networks and the cyber space, different stages of machine learning approach like pre-processing, attribute selection, model building, hyper parameter tuning can be very important. CICIDS2017 intrusion dataset was used for all the experimentations. This study focuses on building cyber threat detection model based on the ensemble feature selection and classification method. Innovative approaches were used for the analysis and pre-processing of the dataset. Thereafter, XGboost algorithm was used for selecting relevant features from the default input attributes in each of the captures. Thereafter, the reduced features were employed in the identification of cyber intrusions. The average accuracy achieved in the 8 captures of the dataset is 98% while precision is 0.98. Also, recall is 0.98, f1-score is 0.98 while AUC ROC score is 0.99. The study concluded that XGBoost-based model was able to achieve promising results based on the proper dataset encoding, feature importance-based feature selection and tuning of the algorithm for intrusion identification.
Chromatin Organization after High-LET Irradiation Revealed by Super-Resolution STED Microscopy

Ion-radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks can lead to severe cellular damage ranging from mutations up to direct cell death. The interplay between the chromatin surrounding the damage and the proteins responsible for damage recognition and repair determines the efficiency and outcome of DNA repair. The chromatin is organized in three major functional compartments throughout the interphase: the chromatin territories, the interchromatin compartment, and the perichromatin lying in between. In this study, we perform correlation analysis using super-resolution STED images of chromatin; splicing factor SC35, as an interchromatin marker; and the DNA repair factors 53BP1, Rad51, and γH2AX in carbon-ion-irradiated human HeLa cells. Chromatin and interchromatin overlap only in protruding chromatin branches, which is the same for the correlation between chromatin and 53BP1. In contrast, between interchromatin and 53BP1, a gap of (270 ± 40) nm is visible. Rad51 shows overlap with decondensed euchromatic regions located at the borders of condensed heterochromatin with further correlation with γH2AX. We conclude that the DNA damage is repaired in decondensed DNA loops in the perichromatin, located in the periphery of the DNA-dense chromatin compartments containing the heterochromatin. Proteins like γH2AX and 53BP1 serve as supporters of the chromatin structure.
Analyzing the Performance of TAS/MRC with Decode-and-Forward Relaying for Multihop Transmission over Fisher-Snedecor F Fading Channels

This study comprehensively assesses a decode-and-forward relaying system that employs Transmit Antenna Selection/Maximal Ratio Combining (TAS/MRC) for multi-hop communication across Fisher-Snedecor F fading channels. The study primarily focuses on the average symbol error rate (ASER) and outage probability (OP) while using cross QAM (XQAM) and rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation (RQAM). The proposed MIMO system effectively decreases the hardware complexity and cost of large antennas by implementing Transmit Antenna Selection (TAS) at the source and relay nodes and Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) diversity at the destination and relays. Analytical formulations for OP (outage probability) and ASER (average symbol error rate) are derived using PDF (Probability Density Function)-based methods. Monte-Carlo simulations further validate these formulas. The investigation indicates that system performance is improved under conditions of lighter shadowing compared to moderate and extreme shadowing settings. Additionally, increasing the hop count amplifies the observed performance. Moreover, when the fading parameter increases, both the OP and ASER decrease. This study comprehensively examines the impact of many parameters, including m, p, L, R, and o, on the behaviour of the system under Fisher-Snedecor F fading. Based on the findings, the combination of shadowing and multipath fading significantly affects the system's performance, with both m and p significantly influencing this. When examining the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), a comparison between RQAM and XQAM demonstrates that XQAM is superior. The research uncovers crucial information for planning and executing the TAS/MRC-based MIMO multi-hop communication system. This technology possesses the capability to enhance the effectiveness of similar communication systems, as seen by the encouraging advancements in performance, especially in scenarios including signal attenuation.
Examining the Association between Psychopathic Traits and Fearlessness among Maximum-Security Incarcerated Male Adolescents

Studies have reported positive associations between youth psychopathy scores and measures of ‘fearlessness’. However, prior studies modified fearlessness items to be age appropriate, shifting from assessing hypothetical, extreme forms of physical risk-taking (e.g., flying an airplane) to normative risk-taking (e.g., riding bicycles downhill). We hypothesize that associations between youth psychopathy scores and alternative forms of sensation seeking (i.e., Disinhibition) have been conflated under a false fearlessness label. We tested this hypothesis among incarcerated male adolescents, investigating whether youth psychopathy scores were significantly associated with two different forms of sensation seeking: Disinhibition and Thrill and Adventure Seeking (TAS). Youth psychopathic traits were assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV), Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD), Child Psychopathy Scale (CPS), Inventory of Callous and Unemotional Traits (ICU), and Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI). Disinhibition and fearlessness (i.e., TAS) were assessed using an unmodified version of the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scales (SSS). Consistent with hypotheses, youth psychopathy scores were associated with higher Disinhibition and lower TAS scores. Our results contribute to a growing body of literature suggesting that psychopathic traits, including among adolescents, are not concomitant with physical risk-taking and descriptions of psychopathy including fearlessness distort a precise understanding of psychopathy’s core features.
A diagnostic study on heavy rainfall induced by Typhoon Utor (2013) in South China: 1. Rainfall asymmetry at landfall

After striking the Philippines on 11 August 2013, Typhoon Utor made its second landfall over southern South China on 14 August and brought heavy rainfall, causing widespread damages after its landfall. The heavy rainfall associated with Utor includes three main episodes: rainfall at landfall, postlandfall rainfall in the inner core region, and postlandfall rainfall induced by the intensification of southwesterly monsoon flow. In part 1 the rainfall at landfall is analyzed and diagnosed using the surface mesonet observations and the high‐resolution European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasting Interim reanalysis (ERA‐Interim) data. Results show that when Utor approached and made landfall over the southern coast of South China, it was embedded in a deep‐layer (200–850 hPa) easterly northeasterly vertical wind shear (VWS) environment with heavy rainfall mostly occurring downshear left in its southwestern quadrant. Under a favorable environment with moderate convective available potential energy and moderate low‐level VWS, a surface cold pool was found in the west‐southwestern quadrants of Utor triggered by the middle‐lower tropospheric dry air intrusion from inland to the north. Both frontogenesis and quasi‐balanced, ageostrophic Q‐vector diagnostics demonstrate that the quasi‐balanced forcing near the surface cold cool contributed to the enhancement of convection in the west‐southwestern quadrants of Utor. It is concluded that the environmental VWS and the consequent surface cold pool dynamics play an important role in rainfall asymmetry in Utor when it made landfall over the southern coast of South China.
Earthworms and the soil greenhouse gas balance

Earthworms play an essential part in determining the greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of soils worldwide. Their activity affects both biotic and abiotic soil properties, which in turn influence soil GHG emissions, carbon (C) sequestration and plant growth. Yet, the balance of earthworms stimulating C sequestration on the one hand and increasing GHG emissions on the other has not been investigated. Indeed, much is still unclear about how earthworms interact with agricultural land use and soil management practices, making predictions on their effects in agro-ecosystems difficult. In this thesis, I aimed to determine to what extent GHG mitigation by soil C sequestration as affected by earthworms is offset by earthworm-induced GHG emissions from agro-ecosystems under different types of management. To reach this aim, I combined mesocosm and field studies, as well as meta-analytic methods to quantitatively synthesize the literature. Using meta-analysis, I showed that, on average, earthworm activity leads to a 24% increase in aboveground biomass, a 33% increase in carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions and a 42% increase in nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. The magnitude of these effects depends on soil factors (e.g., soil organic matter content), experimental factors (e.g., crop residue addition or fertilizer type and rate) and earthworm factors (e.g., earthworm ecological category and -density). Conducting both a mesocosm and a field study, I showed that earthworm activity results in increased N 2 O emissions from fertilized grasslands. Under field conditions I found an increase in earthworm-induced N 2 O emissions in autumn but not in spring, suggesting that earthworm effects in the field depend on soil physicochemical parameters influenced by meteorological and seasonal dynamics. In a unique two-year experiment with a simulated no-tillage (NT) system and a simulated conventional tillage (CT) system, I found that earthworm presence increases GHG emissions in an NT system to the same level as in a CT system. This suggests that the GHG mitigation potential of NT agro-ecosystems is limited. When considering the C budget in the simulated NT system, I demonstrated that over the course of the experiment earthworms increase cumulative CO 2 emissions by at least 25%, indicating a higher C loss compared to the situation without earthworms. Yet, in the presence of earthworms the incorporation of residue-derived C into all measured soil aggregate fractions also increased, indicating that earthworm activity can simultaneously enhance CO 2 emissions and C incorporation into aggregate fractions. In conclusion, the revealed dominance of GHG emissions over C sequestration as affected by earthworms implies that their presence in agro-ecosystems results in a negative impact on the soil greenhouse gas balance.
Reduced perchlorate in West Antarctica snow during stratospheric ozone hole

Abstract Snowpit samples collected at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide location in January 2013 were analysed to investigate the levels and variations of perchlorate concentrations in Antarctic snow. During 2008–12, the perchlorate concentration in WAIS Divide snow ranged between 6–180 ng l–1 and followed a seasonal cycle. The highest concentrations appeared in the autumn, and the lowest in winter and spring. No apparent correlation was observed between perchlorate and nitrate or chloride concentrations in snow. Since perchlorate is believed to form in the atmosphere when chlorine species are oxidized in reactions involving ozone, perchlorate concentrations were hypothesized to be high during the spring, based on the assumption that stratospheric ozone depletion enhances tropospheric perchlorate production. The data show that perchlorate concentrations in snow were sharply reduced during stratospheric ozone depletion events; the evidence, therefore, does not support the hypothesis. Instead, the results suggest a stratospheric origin of perchlorate in Antarctic snow.
The predictability of arch expansion with the Invisalign First system in children with mixed dentition: a retrospective study.

This study aimed to quantify the predictability of arch expansion in children with early mixed dentition treated with the Invisalign First® system and evaluate the clinical factors for the predictability of arch expansion. Pretreatment, predicted and posttreatment digital models from Invisalign's ClinCheck® software were obtained for 90 children with mean (standard deviation) age of 8.42 (0.93) who planned arch expansion. Arch width measurements were collected using Invisalign's arch width table. The predictability of expansion was calculated by comparing the amount of expansion achieved with the predicted expansion. Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate clinical factors associated with predictability of expansion. The predictability of the expansion of the maxillary teeth was as follows: 71.1% primary canines (n = 55), 67.5% first primary molars (n = 46), 65.2% second primary molars (n = 79), and 53.4% first permanent molars (n = 90); the predictability of the expansion of the mandibular teeth was 81.1% primary canines (n = 31), 81.2% first primary molars (n = 51), 77.8% second primary molars (n = 80), and 69.4% first permanent molars (n = 90). The predictability of arch expansion was significantly higher in the mandibular arch compared to the maxillary arch and significantly lower in the permanent first molar than in the other primary teeth. Predictability decreased significantly as the amount of predicted expansion per aligner increased in the upper and lower permanent first molars, primary second molars, and upper primary canines. Predictability significantly increased when buccal or palatal attachments were placed on the bilateral side compared to cases without attachment at the upper permanent first and primary second molars. The predictability of arch expansion using the Invisalign First® system varies according to arch and tooth type. The amount of predicted expansion per aligner and the number of attachments to the maxillary teeth are potential clinical factors that can affect the predictability of expansion.
Development of Inquiry-Based Solar System Augmented Reality Science Learning Media

Science learning in the 21st Century needs to adapt to technological developments in the Era of Revolution 4.0. 21st Century science learning uses digital technology, namely Augmented Reality combined with an inquiry learning model on the Solar System material. The research aims to determine the feasibility of the Inquiry-based Solar System Augmented Reality (SSAR) Learning Media being developed. Inquiry-based SSAR Learning Media Research is development research that uses the ADDIE Development Model with assessment by 8 validators using a 1-5 Likert scale. Inquiry-based SSAR learning media which was developed through the Analysis, Design and Development stages. The Analysis stage is carried out through an initial preliminary study to determine needs analysis. The results of the needs analysis are used in the design stage and then realized in the Development stage. The Media Development stage carried out a feasibility test through validation by 8 experts. The feasibility of SSAR Learning Media is reviewed including Media, Material, Learning and linguistic aspects. The results of the assessment by the Validator were analyzed using the Aiken formula with validation criteria > 0.75. Inquiry-based SSAR Learning Media indicators based on Aiken Validation analysis obtained validation results with a score of 0.85 > 0.75 indicating that Inquiry-based SSAR Learning Media is suitable for use in the science learning process on Solar System material
MgB$_{2}$ Coating by HPCVD for 1.3-GHz Superconducting RF Cavities

While MgB<sub>2</sub> possesses promising material parameters for SRF cavities with higher Q, higher gradient, and higher operation temperatures than Nb cavities, such cavity properties have not been demonstrated using MgB<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. As part of a continuing effort to fabricate MgB<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-coated SRF cavities by hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD), we present here an HPCVD system design for coating the inside wall of 1.3-GHz copper cavities with MgB<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The cavity is heated using a pair of clamshell resistive heaters that directly contact the cavity body. The new heater design is more compact and requires less power to reach the deposition temperature (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 500\,^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula>C for MgB<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> deposition on copper.) Preliminary test of MgB<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> films grown on small copper substrates, mounted at different locations on the cavity, shows <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{c}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of 28.4<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim$</tex-math></inline-formula>34.3 K, measured by AC susceptibility.
Exploring the Effects of Different 1-MCP Concentration Treatment on Chilling Injury of Postharvest Peach Fruit

Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) fruit are susceptible to chilling injury that is often manifested as browning of the internal flesh. As the ethylene antagonist, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is an important contributor to resist chilling stress during peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) storage at low temperatures, but the molecular mechanism of it is still elusive. The study examined in detail the effects of two concentrations (1 and 2 μL·L−1) of 1-MCP on alleviating chilling injury (CI) of postharvest peach fruit stored at 4 ± 0.5°C. The results showed that although all treatments relieved CI, treatment with 1 μL·L−1 more effectively alleviated CI symptoms of postharvest peach fruit than 2 μL·L−1. The internal browning (IB) and weight loss were significantly inhibited by 1 μL·L−1 1-MCP. Lower concentration of 1-MCP maintained normal softening by decreasing the gene expression of expansin (Exp) 1,3, polygalacturonase (PG) 3, and pectate lyase (PLY) 1, 2, 3 and increased the content of soluble sugar during the whole storage period. Meanwhile, the activities of polygalacturonase, pectinmethylesterase (PME), and endo-1,4-β-glucanase (EGase) were reduced by lower concentration of 1-MCP. Our results demonstrate that 1-MCP inhibited CI by suppressing the degradation of cell wall. This study provides a theoretical basis for revealing that 1-MCP alleviates chilling injury in peach fruit.
The Use of the Wakamono Kotoba Egui on “Snow man”'s YouTube Channel

The purpose of this research is to explain the meaning of the word egui, describe the situations or circumstances in which it is used, and categorize it into meanings and functional types while explaining the contexts of its usage. The research method employed is a qualitative descriptive research technique involving recording and note-taking, with the data source being audio-visual media in the form of 65 videos from the Snow Man YouTube channel. Data analysis involves collecting instances of the word egui from the data source, then analyzing the meaning of egui based on situations or contexts, its usage, meaning categories, and functional types.The results of the research reveal that the word egui has a genuine negative meaning and an expanded positive meaning within the context of wakamono kotoba. The most commonly found positive meanings include praise, such as amazing, great, or extraordinary; the condition such as significant, great, or influential; an expression of admiration, such as cool or wonderful; and a sense of joy. On the other hand, negative meanings are also present, such as when facing difficulties, being troublesome, experiencing hardship, or being in a chaotic situation; or when feeling threatened, in danger, worried, or in a difficult situation. Additionally, there are instances of egui where the meaning can be seen from both positive and negative perspectives, which can be translated into Indonesian as terkejut, kaget, or terperanjat (surprised); as an adjective modifier; or as an honorific term.