Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corrosion Mitigation in Crude Oil Process by Implementation of Desalting Unit in Erbil Refinery

The aim of this study is to reduce the percentage of salt and water in the Khurmele crude oil which is chosen for this study in order to mitigate the corrosion of the equipment’s involved in the refining process. The produced oil in Khurmele oil ﬁeld, received by a refinery, usually contains water, mineral salts, and sediments, which should be treated before starting the refining process. In addition, this water normally contains dissolved mineral salts which are usually soluble in the water phase such as chlorides of sodium, calcium, and magnesium. If crude oil is left untreated, it can cause various operating problems such as scaling, corrosion and inorganic fouling of the equipment, and catalyst poisoning of the hydrotreating unit. This study focuses on the optimization of the salt removal and dehydration efficiency of the desalter unit, which currently is a single-stage desalter. Five parameters which are affecting the efficiency of the desalter unit are; temperature, demulsifier injection rates, wash-water injection rates, differential pressure, and electrical current. A systematic study was carried out by variation of one parameter while keeping the other four parameters constant at each time. Basic Sediments & Water (BS&W) will be measured to evaluate the effect of each parameter. Samples were taken with every changed factor and analyzed. , For multiple tests, the extent of the changes and the difference between the results of the first sample with the results of other samples, on the basis of the analysis of the percentage removal of salts and separation of water, were determined in order to get the best results at the end. This leads to the improvement of the operational conditions to good working conditions. It was found that at a crude oil flow rate of 70 -200m3/hr. The optimum result of salt and water removal was at the temperature 125 °C. The optimum injected concentration of Embreak 2W157D was 20ppm for salt and water removal. The highest efficiency for salt and water removal was reached at 1.3bar differential pressure (∆P = 1.3bar). The best ratio of wash water injection to desalter unit for optimum salt and impurities removal from the crude oil was found to be 6m3/hr. Also, It was found that the electrical voltage value of 23 Kv. gave the optimum collection of water drops. Finally, the overhead system corrosion was due to the hydrogen chloride dissolved in crude oil passed through bad desalting process to downstream of the desalter unit.
Precipitation Origins and Key Drivers of Precipitation Isotope (<sup>18</sup>O, <sup>2</sup>H, and <sup>17</sup>O) Compositions Over Windhoek

Southern African climate is characterized by large precipitation variability, and model precipitation estimates can vary by 70% during summer. This may be partly attributed to underestimation and lack of knowledge of the exact influence of the Atlantic Ocean on precipitation over the region. The current study models trajectories of precipitation events sampled fromWindhoek (2012–2016), coupled with isotopes (δO, δH, δO, d, and δ017O-δ018O) to determine key local drivers of isotope compositions as well as infer source evaporative conditions. Multiple linear regression analyses suggest that key drivers of isotope compositions (relative humidity, precipitation amount, and air temperature) account for 47–53% of δO, δH, and δO variability. Surprisingly, precipitation δO, δH, and δO were independent of precipitation type (stratiform versus convective), and this may be attributed to greater modification of stratiform compared to convective raindrops, leading to convergence of isotopes from these precipitation types. Trajectory analyses showed that 78% and 21% of precipitation events during the period originated from the Indian and South Atlantic Oceans, respectively. Although precipitation from the Atlantic Ocean was significantly enriched compared to that from the Indian Ocean (p < 0.05), d was similar, suggesting significant local modification (up to 55% of d variability). Therefore, d may not be a conservative tracer of evaporation conditions at the source, at least for Windhoek. The δ017O-δ018O appeared to be a better alternative to d, consistent with trajectory analyses, and appeared to differentiate El Niño from non-El Niño droughts. Thus, δ017O-δ018O could be a novel tool to identify drought mechanisms.
Satisfaction of Outpatient Service Consumers and Associated Factors Towards the Health Service Given at Jimma Medical Center, South West Ethiopia

Background: Client satisfaction re ﬂ ects the gap between the expected service and the experience of the services from the client ’ s point of view. As patient satisfaction is considered to be a healthcare outcome and predictor of treatment utilization and adherence to the care and support, assessment of the level of patient satisfaction is vital. Objective: To assess satisfaction of outpatient service and its associated factors toward the health service given among outpatients at Jimma medical center, southern western Ethiopia, 2019. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed at Jimma Medical center from May 1 to May 30, 2019 GC. The respondents were selected by systematic random sampling method. The data were cleaned, coded, interred into EPI data version 3.1 and transferred and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the data. Binary logistic regressions were used to analyze the association between dependent and independent variables. A P -value <0.05 was considered signi ﬁ cant. Results: A total of 284 respondents were included in the study with a response rate of 96.6%, from which 174 (61.3%) were male and 183 (64.4%) were Oromo by ethnicity. The overall satisfaction was 79 (27.8%) (CI = 20.0 – 30.4). Satisfaction was high if the patients had kept their privacy (AOR = 13.332; 95% CI = 2.282 – 77.905) and understandability of the patient problem (AOR = 21.830; 95% CI = 0.054 – 77.500). Conclusion: The overall satisfaction level of the patients is low, so this demands the hospital to take further action on the identi ﬁ ed problems to improve the services delivered to the patients.
Lead Contamination of Soil in Baghdad, Iraq

Lead (Pb) levels in soils for different sites in Baghdad were determined to assess the soil contamination by lead in the city. Around sixty-three soil samples were collected as indicator of Pb pollution from different sources. The mean Pb concentrations in the soils ranging from 15 mg Pb/kg at the bus station, 800-2300 mg Pb/kg in the city center, and 8-350 mg Pb/kg along the highway. Value up to 9350 mg Pb/kg found in the soils near the batteries factory. The mean Pb concentrations in the city centre were substantially higher than values found in other places; they were also higher than the standards for soil in residential areas and in playgrounds for children. Pb soil concentrations at the downwind sides were some 60% higher than the upwind area. Bioavailable Pb (extracted with 0.04 M Na2EDTA solution) was also determined in this study. This parameter showed significant correlation with total Pb. Control measures should be adopted to reduce emissions of mobile-exhaust Pb and lead smelters. Nearby pollution sources such as highways, major streets, and batteries factories should be considered when locating new, schools and land use projects. At the same time, vegetable production and animal grazing should also be avoided in areas near highways.
EVALUATION OF PATIENT RECOGNITION OF THE DURATION, COST AND ABILITY OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT TO MEET THE VARIOUS TECHNIQUES

Purpose: Evaluate patient recognition of the duration, cost and ability of orthodontic treatment to meet the various techniques and systems available to drive the advancement of orthodontic teeth in Pakistan. Patients and systems: A transversal audit was conducted in Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore Pakistan from June 2019 to July 2019. Patients from various centers remained electronically examined with respect to their perspective on the duration of orthodontic treatment, the assertion of the appliances and frames available to condense the duration of orthodontic handling, and the increasing costs they were happy to pay for these machines and methods. Elements of incontrovertible knowledge and package relationships were directed, and the level of centrality was established at p<0.06. Results: The response rate was 220/420 (48%): 51.6% were (>1-26 years), 68.4% female, 81% Saudi, 68.6% self-paying and 53% with an annual salary <10,200 SR. In total, 84% agreed that orthodontic treatment takes unnecessary time, and 56.4% wanted it to take less than a year. Trends for additional methodologies are in the evolution of demand: changed wires located 1 by 53.6%, trailed by FDA (Food and Medicine Management) certified dental vibrators through 4.56%, FDA supported sedative ambitions by 34.6%, accuracy by 33.7%, and cortectomies by 47% of individuals. No significant complexity in situating between social affairs by age and annual compensation (p>0.06). 48.6% of individuals had the alternative of paying for additional strategies. An extension in energetic treatment was represented at (31-41%) for FDA embraced teeth vibrators by 58% of the individuals, dragged by FDA attested quiet mixes by 3% of the individuals. A gigantic qualification in the replies among social occasions was represented rendering to sex and yearly compensation (p<0.06). Conclusion: Maximum cases sturdily settled that orthodontic handling is excessively long. The maximum rates of cases considered to be changed were considered the most recommendable methodology to experiment with in order to reduce the length of orthodontic treatment, dragged by the teeth vibrators.
T H E EFFECT OF D I P H T H E R I A TOXIN ON THE METABOLISM OF HELA CELLS II. E~ECT ON NUCLEIC Acre METABOLISM*, BY NORMAN STRAUSS, PH.D

Previous studies (1) on the mechanism of action of diphtheria toxin have shown that protein synthesis in a mammalian cell culture (HeLa), as measured by S85-methionine incorporation, is inhibited completely in the presence of saturating concentrations (0.3 Lf units per ml.) of a purified toxin. This inhibition is extremely rapid on a physiological time scale, complete cessation of protein synthesis by the HeLa cell occurring in 1 to 2 hours? The time course of S3~-methionine incorporation in the presence of saturating toxin levels is characterized by an initial 1 hour period of normal incorporation followed by a complete cessation in uptake. The kinetics of this inhibition have been characterized with regard to effect of antitoxin, effect of temperature, and the effect of dinitrophenol and cyanide. Pappenheimer and Williams (2, 3) have postulated, on the basis of evidence obtained with the silkworm Platysamia cecropia, that toxin was either preventing cytochrome synthesis or uncoupling oxidation from phosphorylation. The first of these possibilities has been eliminated definitely by the finding that all protein synthesis is blocked by toxin in considerably less than one generation time. The second possibility remains to be tested. With this in mind, an examination of the effect of toxin on other biosynthetic pathways was undertaken to ascertain whether or not a general cessation of synthetic processes prevails in the presence of toxin. The work to be described is concerned with the effect of diphtheria toxin on the synthesis of cell components other than protein, specifically nucleic acids, and the acid-soluble organic phosphates.
MicroRNA-10A* and MicroRNA-21 Modulate Endothelial Progenitor Cell Senescence Via Suppressing High-Mobility Group A2

Rationale: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to the regeneration of endothelium. Aging-associated senescence results in reduced number and function of EPCs, potentially contributing to increased cardiac risk, reduced angiogenic capacity, and impaired cardiac repair effectiveness. The mechanisms underlying EPC senescence are unknown. Increasing evidence supports the role of microRNAs in regulating cellular senescence. Objective: We aimed to determine whether microRNAs regulated EPC senescence and, if so, what the underlying mechanisms are. Methods and Results: To map the microRNA/gene expression signatures of EPC senescence, we performed microRNA profiling and microarray analysis in lineage-negative bone marrow cells from young and aged wild-type and apolipoprotein E–deficient mice. We identified 2 microRNAs, microRNA-10A* (miR-10A*), and miR-21, and their common target gene Hmga2 as critical regulators for EPC senescence. Overexpression of miR-10A* and miR-21 in young EPCs suppressed Hmga2 expression, caused EPC senescence, as evidenced by senescence-associated &bgr;–galactosidase upregulation, decreased self-renewal potential, increased p16Ink4a/p19Arf expression, and resulted in impaired EPC angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, resembling EPCs derived from aged mice. In contrast, suppression of miR-10A* and miR-21 in aged EPCs increased Hmga2 expression, rejuvenated EPCs, resulting in decreased senescence-associated &bgr;–galactosidase expression, increased self-renewal potential, decreased p16Ink4a/p19Arf expression, and improved EPC angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, these phenotypic changes were rescued by miRNA-resistant Hmga2 cDNA overexpression. Conclusions: miR-10A* and miR-21 regulate EPC senescence via suppressing Hmga2 expression and modulation of microRNAs may represent a potential therapeutic intervention in improving EPC-mediated angiogenesis and vascular repair.
Fast and slow change in neighborhoods: Characterization and consequences in Southern California Post-print. Published in International Journal of Urban Sciences 21(3): 257-281

Due to data limitations, most studies of neighborhood change within regions assume that change over the years of a decade is relatively constant from year-to-year. We use data on home loan information to construct annual measures of key socio-demographic measures in neighborhoods (census tracts) in the Southern California region from 2000-10 to test this assumption. We use latent trajectory modeling to describe the extent to which neighborhood change exhibits temporal nonlinearity, rather than a constant rate of change from year to year. There were four key findings: 1) we detected nonlinear temporal change across all sociodemographic dimensions, as a quadratic function better fit the data than a linear one in the latent trajectories; 2) neighborhoods experiencing more nonlinear temporality also experienced larger overall changes in percent Asian, percent black, and residential stability during the decade; neighborhoods experiencing an increase in Latinos or a decrease in whites experienced more temporal nonlinearity in this change; 3) the strongest predictor of racial/ethnic temporal nonlinearity was a larger presence of the group at the beginning of the decade; however, the racial and SES composition of the surrounding area, as well as how this was changing in the prior decade, also affected the degree of temporal nonlinearity in the current decade; 4) this temporal nonlinearity has consequences for neighborhoods: greater temporal nonlinear change in percent black or Latino was associated with larger increases in violent and property crime during the decade, and the temporal pattern of residential turnover or changing average income impacted changes in crime. The usual assumption of constant year-to-year change when interpolating neighborhood measures over intervening years may not be appropriate.
PII: S1010-7940(01)01156-3

Objective: Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels have been proposed to be myoprotective. The relevance and specificity of this mechanism in cardiac surgery was unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the mitochondrial potassium ATPsensitive channel opener diazoxide on regional and global myocardial protection using a model of acute myocardial infarction. Methods: Pigs (n 1⁄4 19) were placed on total cardiopulmonary bypass and then subjected to 30 min normothermic regional ischemia by snaring the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). The aorta was then crossclamped and cold blood Deaconess Surgical Associates cardioplegia (DSA; n 1⁄4 6) or DSA containing 50 mM diazoxide (DZX; n 1⁄4 6) was delivered via the aortic root and the hearts subjected to 30 min hypothermic global ischemia. The crossclamp and snare were removed and the hearts reperfused for 120 min. Results: No significant differences in preload recruitable stroke work relationship, Tau, proximal, distal or proximal/distal coronary flow, regional or global segmental shortening, systolic bulging or post-systolic shortening were observed within or between DSA and DZX hearts during reperfusion. Infarct was present only in the region of LAD occlusion in both DSA and DZX hearts. Infarct size (% of area at risk) was 33.6 ^ 2.9% in DSA and was 16.8 ^ 2.4% in DZX hearts (P , 0:01 versus DSA). Apoptosis as estimated by TUNEL positive nuclei was 120.3 ^ 48.8 in DSA and was significantly decreased to 21.4 ^ 5.3 in DZX hearts. Myocardial infarct was located centrally within the area at risk in both DSA and DZX hearts but was significantly increased at borderline zones within the area at risk in DSA hearts. Conclusions: The addition of diazoxide to cardioplegia significantly decreases regional myocardial cell necrosis and apoptosis in a model of acute myocardial infarction and represents an additional modality for achieving myocardial protection. q 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
A report of 17 unrecorded bacterial species of Korea belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes

Microorganisms, including prokaryotes, have been estimated to occupy more than approximately 60% of the total biomass on earth and are known to play important roles in sustaining ecological system. Microorganisms are arguably the most valuable resources in biotechnology, and thus the demand for novel and useful microorganisms is expected to increase in the future due to their high economic value. Nevertheless, the majority of microorganisms in nature have not been cultured in the laboratory, because the current methods can cultivate only a small fraction (< 0.1%) of microbial cells (Delong et al., 1989; Giovannoni et al., 1990). Since the value of microbial diversity is becoming increasingly important, a good deal of effort has been dedicated to discover novel microorganisms that have not been yet discovered (Connon and Giovannoni, 2002; Cho and Giovannoni, 2004; Yoon et al., 2011). While screening indigenous prokaryotic species from a variety of environmental samples in the Republic of Korea in 2017, we isolated a number of novel and unrecorded bacterial species. The identified bacterial species belonged to the classes/phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Of these bacterial species, the present study focuses on the descriptions of unrecorded species belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes. The phylum Bacteroidetes encompasses a phenoJournal of Species Research 7(3):231-239, 2018
Associated risk factor analysis and the prognostic impact of positive resection margins after endoscopic resection in early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Endoscopic resection for early esophageal cancer has a risk of residual margins. The risk these residual margins pose have not been fully evaluated. The present study aimed to investigate the associated risk factors and prognosis of residual margins following the endoscopic resection of early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In total, 369 patients (381 lesions) with early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University (Shijiazhuang, China) with endoscopic resection were retrospectively analyzed. Sex, age, location, tumor diameter, depth of tumor invasion, endoscopic treatment, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) before resection, work experience of endoscopists and the degree of tumor differentiation were all evaluated as potential risk factors. In addition, the prognosis of patients with positive margins were analyzed. A total of 73 patients (73/381, 19.2%) had positive margins after endoscopic resection. Amongst the 65 patients who were successfully followed up, five patients succumbed to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, one patient received radiotherapy, two patients received radiotherapy and chemotherapy whilst one patient received chemotherapy. By contrast, 12 patients received surgery and 20 patients received additional endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection. The other 29 patients were followed up regularly and no recurrence could be found. Univariate analysis revealed that tumor diameter, endoscopic treatment, depth of invasion, EUS before resection, degree of tumor differentiation and direction of invasion were all associated with the positive margin. Multivariate logistic regression analysis then found that EUS before resection, degree of tumor differentiation and depth of tumor invasion are independent risk factors for positive margins after endoscopic resection. These results suggest that poorly differentiated lesions and deeper invasion depth can increase the risk of positive margin after endoscopic resection. As a result, EUS evaluation before resection may reduce the risk of invasion depth. In addition, for poorly differentiated lesions, more aggressive treatment regimens may be recommended for preventing recurrence.
Role of Personal Factors on Principals’ Administrative Effectiveness in Secondary Schools in Abuja Municipal Area Council

Introduction There is trading of blames on the cause of declining standard of education at the secondary level. The point is that while some people blame the government for its inability to make provisions for adequate teaching and learning outcomes in schools, others push the blame on factors bordering on lapses in leadership at the school level. Odufowokan (2011) affirmed that education is capital intensive and once the necessary resources are not pumped into the system, be human or material, it could lead to declining standards of education. This is the reason why resources should not be spared so that quality leadership (principals) could be enthroned in the system. The essence of provision of quality resources is to ensure that no imbalance exists and lapses of Journal of Guidance and Counselling Studies
A Survey Comparison of Virtual and In Situ Leadership Competencies

A Survey Comparison of Virtual and In Situ Leadership Competencies by Christopher Wesley Wells MS, Florida Institute of Technology, 1996 BS, Florida Institute of Technology, 1989 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Applied Management and Decision Sciences Walden University November 2017
EEG-based Valence Recognition: What do we Know About the influence of Individual Specificity?

The fact that training classification algorithms in a within-subject design is inferior to training on between subject data is discussed for an electrophysiological data set. Eventrelated potentials were recorded from 18 subjects, emotionally stimulated by a series of 18 negative, 18 positive and 18 neutral pictures of the International Affective Picture System. In addition to traditional averaging and group comparison of event related potentials, electroencephalographical data have been intraand inter-individually classified using a Support Vector Machine for emotional conditions. Support vector machine classifications based upon intraindividual data showed significantly higher classification rates [F(19.498),p<. 001] than global ones. An effect siz e was calculated (d = 1.47) and the origin of this effect is discussed within the context of individual response specifici t es. This study clearly shows that classification accuracy ca n be boosted by using individual specific settings.