Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electromigration failure distribution of contacts and vias as a function of stress conditions in submicron IC metallizations

Electromigration testing of integrated circuit metallizations requires the use of accelerated testing. Accurate extrapolation to circuit operating conditions requires a thorough understanding of the impact of the accelerated stress conditions on the parameters of the failure distribution. In this paper we examine the dependence of the dispersion of the failure time (/spl sigma/) on current density and resistance failure criterion for contacts to silicon. We show that a depends on current density, and rapidly increases as it approaches the current density threshold for electromigration, while /spl sigma/ unaffected by the resistance failure criterion for a bond pad terminated test structure. We model the failure time dispersion as arising from variability in conductor geometry. The model shows that the current density dependence of /spl sigma/ is an inherent property of electromigration at contacts/vias, and that it arises from variability in the current density between samples. The model provides a means of quantifying contributions to a from the manufacturing process and accelerated testing conditions.
KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA BERDASARKAN ADVERSITY QUOTIENT PADA MATERI DIMENSI DUA

This study aims to obtain students' creative thinking skills based on Adversity Quotient intelligence on the flat shape material at SMK-SMTI Pontianak. The research method used is descriptive method with survey research form. The number of research subjects was 12 students of class XI SMK-SMTI Pontianak. The data collection tools used were a written test to determine the level of students 'mathematical creative thinking skills and an Adversity Quotient questionnaire to determine students' AQ intelligence. The results of the research on the mathematical creative thinking ability test showed that there were no students who could meet the novelty indicators, so that level 1 (Very Creative) mathematical creative thinking skills were not fulfilled. From the AQ questionnaire given to 12 students containing the CORE dimension, it was obtained a group of students with high AQ intelligence or it could be called the climber category group. In the climber category there are 2 people (17%). Students in the moderate AQ intelligence group or what could be called the camper category group numbered 10 people (83%). Meanwhile, students in the low AQ intelligence group or the quitter category group were not found in this study. This shows that there are no students who avoid assignments or who immediately give up without trying first. Keywords: Creative Thinking Skill, Adversity Quotient, and area of plane shapes.
Forming 4-Methylcatechol as the Dominant Bioavailable Metabolite of Intraruminal Rutin Inhibits p-Cresol Production in Dairy Cows

Rutin, a natural flavonol glycoside, elicits its diverse health-promoting effects from the bioactivities of quercetin, its aglycone. While widely distributed in the vegetables and fruits of human diet, rutin is either absent or inadequate in common animal feed ingredients. Rutin has been supplemented to dairy cows for performance enhancement, but its metabolic fate in vivo has not been determined. In this study, plasma, urine, and rumen fluid samples were collected before and after the intraruminal dosing of 100 mg/kg rutin to 4 Holsteins, and then characterized by both targeted and untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomic analysis. In plasma and urine, 4-methylcatechol sulfate was identified as the most abundant metabolite of rutin, instead of quercetin and its flavonol metabolites, and its concentration was inversely correlated with the concentration of p-cresol sulfate. In rumen fluid, the formation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DHPAA) and 4-methylcatechol after rapid degradation of rutin and quercetin concurred with the decrease of p-cresol and the increase of its precursor, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. Overall, the formation of 4-methylcatechol, a bioactive microbial metabolite, as the dominant bioavailable metabolite of rutin and quercetin, could contribute to their beneficial bioactivities in dairy cows, while the decrease of p-cresol, a microbial metabolite with negative biological and sensory properties, from the competitive inhibition between microbial metabolism of rutin and tyrosine, has the potential to reduce environmental impact of dairy operations and improve the health of dairy cattle.
Oxidative Stress Markers in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Background and Objectives: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) depends on the primary impairment of sarcomeres, but it can also be associated with secondary alterations in the heart related to oxidative stress. The present study aimed to examine oxidative-antioxidant disturbances in patients with HCM compared with control individuals. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 52 consecutive HCM patients and 97 controls without HCM. The groups were matched for age, body mass index, and sex. Peripheral blood was collected from all patients to determine the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), lipid hydroperoxide (LPH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The oxidative stress index (OSI) was defined as the ratio of the TOS level to the TAC level. Results: The median age was 52 years, and 58.4% were female. The area under the curve (AUC) indicated good predictive power for the TAC and TOS [AUC 0.77 (0.69–0.84) and 0.83 (0.76–0.90), respectively], as well as excellent predictive power for the OSI [AUC 0.87 (0.81–0.93)] for HCM detection. Lipid peroxidation markers also demonstrated good predictive power to detect HCM patients [AUCLPH = 0.73, AUCMDA = 0.79]. Conclusions: The TOS, the TAC, LPH levels, and MDA levels have good predictive power for HCM detection. The holistic assessment of oxidative stress by the OSI had excellent power and could identify patients with HCM.
An accommodative approach designed for TCP gold-to-gold inner lead bonding

This paper proposes an approach that resolves the tradeoff between bond pad crack, the passivation crack, and lead lift failure modes in gold-to-gold inner lead bonding. The bonding head temperature, stage temperature, and bonding force are addressed as three critical recipes. The proposed scenario determines the bonding head temperature according to the maximum compensation flatness, followed by the corresponding stage temperature and required bonding force in sequence. The relevant gold bump hardness, chip warpage, and flatness variation in the bonding tool were evaluated using the finite-element method. The corresponding bonding force was determined using semianalytical equations with empirical factors. A gate driver IC with 280 I/O pins was adopted to conduct the experimental verification in the engineering pilot run. With the optimal recipes, the obtained results demonstrated success in diminishing these three failure modes. The feasibility of proposed approach was verified experimentally.
Measuring Individual and Team Situation Awareness During Planning Tasks in Training of En Route Air Traffic Control

The situation awareness (SA) of air traffic controller (ATCO) students, including the temporal aspect of SA, was measured by means of their visual information acquisition during simulator training. The measurements were defined both at an individual level and at a team level. SA and team SA (TSA) were measured by means of eye-movement data: first, the extent to which individual ATCOs focused or distributed their visual attention in the interface; second, the extent to which ATCO teams were actively involved in planning tasks. Planning was measured based on how ATCO teams attended to tactical and strategic monitoring tasks. This enabled process-oriented measurements of SA and TSA that predicted aspects of performance and were sensitive to situational changes.
Instrumental Usability and Effective User Experience: Interwoven Drivers and Outcomes of Human-Computer Interaction

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the success and failure of Human Computer Interactions (HCIs). In particular, we try to find out the key factors contributing to the usability of HCI and a satisfying user experience, and how these two key concepts are interrelated. Based on previous research in the field we demonstrate how an initially multidimensional and complicated phenomenon can be explained and predicted by a relatively simple research model. After the theoretical discussion, this paper develops a research model for measuring usability and the level of satisfaction of the user experience. The model suggests that both key concepts have their own antecedents, but a satisfying user experience necessitates a highly usable interface with the system. Quantitative empirical research was carried out in order to test the hypotheses inherent in the research model, and the data were analyzed using the partial least squares (PLS) method. Study findings support the main hypothesis that a satisfying user experience is grounded in the usability of the system. Considering both direct and indirect effects, it seems that the most significant driver behind users’ satisfaction is operability, followed by interface esthetics. Nevertheless, it is important to note that comfort, pleasure, trust, and usefulness are quite strong predictors of a satisfying user experience, too. These attributes should not be forgotten when one is in pursuit of a comprehensive design policy in practice.
Clubhouses and locker rooms: sexuality, gender and the growing participation of women and gender diverse people in Australian football

ABSTRACT The launch of the Australian Football League Women’s (AFLW) combined with the introduction of grassroots women’s Australian football across the country have challenged the landscape of Australian sport and sport media in recent years. Many young women and gender diverse people have had the opportunity to participate in contact sports such as Australian football for the first time. With this, has come exposure to off-field spaces and cultures that they have previously been excluded from, such as post-sport pub culture and locker rooms. Through qualitative interviews with grassroots players in the Hunter Region, this paper explores how spaces can encourage and provide the opportunity for women to challenge binary expectations through comradery and acceptance of masculine bodily displays in conjunction with the normalization of non-heterosexuality. We conceptualize the ‘sport-sexuality-assemblage’ as a way of accounting for the relations of desire for women and gender diverse people in a range of sport spaces.
Assessing gains of trade in monopolistic competition under the presence of industry leaders

ABSTRACT A recent literature has documented a widespread rise of superstar firms. This is at odds with the simplifying assumption of a continuum of firms, predominant in International Trade. In this paper, we assess its consequences by identifying the magnitude and direction in which gains of trade depart from monopolistic competition once we account for leading firms. With this goal, we extend the Melitz model by incorporating a revenue threshold such that truly negligible firms are modelled as in Melitz, while the largest ones are treated as non-negligible firms that earn positive profits. Firm-level data for several countries show that accounting for leaders entails greater gains of trade in all cases, with differences of up to 20%. The outcome is explained by an additional benefit of reallocating resources towards more productive firms, not captured by the Melitz model: increases in aggregate income through positive effects on profits.
Mass cytometry of platelet-rich plasma: a new approach to analyze platelet surface expression and reactivity

Abstract Mass cytometry (CyTOF) is a new technology that allows the investigation of protein expression at single cell level with high resolution. While several protocols are available to investigate leukocyte expression, platelet staining and analysis with CyTOF have been described only from whole blood. Moreover, available protocols do not allow sample storage but require fresh samples to be obtained, processed, and measured immediately. We provide a structured and reproducible method to stain platelets from platelet-rich plasma to study thrombocyte protein expression and reactivity using mass cytometry. With our method, it is possible to acquire a large number of events allowing deep bioinformatic investigation of platelet expression heterogeneity. Integrated in our protocol is also a previously established freezing protocol that allows the storage of stained samples and to delay their measurement. Finally, we provide a structured workflow using different platelet stimulators and a freely available bioinformatic pipeline to analyze platelet expression. Our protocol unlocks the potential of CyTOF analysis for studying platelet biology in health and disease.
Assessing ecological risks and probable sources of Cu, Zn, and Mn in River Tana sediments, Kenya

ABSTRACT Current study aimed at finding the concentrations, ecological risks and probable sources of Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe heavy metals in River Tana surface sediments. Ecological risks were assessed using enrichment factors (EF) and potential ecological risk indices (PERI), while principal component analysis (PCA) was used to deduce the probable sources of the heavy metals. The average concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu (in mg/kg dry weight) were 338, 338, 4.71, and 2.23, respectively, and were below the permissible levels in sediments. The average Mn, Zn, and Cu enrichment was 63.2, 16.7, and 8.7, respectively. Based on the average EF, Mn was found to be extremely enriched while Cu and Zn enrichment was classified as significant. High Mn and Zn enrichment characterized the upper catchment areas compared to downstream. Cu was more enriched in the upper catchment and mid regions where extensive agriculture was practiced. However, the maximum recorded PERI was 4.13, therefore indicating low potential ecological risks. PCA analysis resulted to two principal components (PC). PC1 was loaded with Fe, Mn and Zn that was sourced from natural sources. PC2 contained Cu, which was sourced from anthropogenic activities including urban runoff, vehicular emissions and use of agricultural-based chemicals.
Telehealth Evaluation of Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Clinician and Caregiver Perspectives

This article has supplementary material on the web site: www.jdbp. org. Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to present clinician and caregiver perspectives regarding telehealth neurodevelopmental evaluation delivered at the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Specifically, we sought to describe telehealth neurodevelopmental evaluations, examine associations between child characteristics and diagnostic factors, determine the impact of technology and family barriers, and report on clinician and caregiver satisfaction with telehealth evaluation. Methods: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in-person clinical services at a large children's hospital neurodevelopmental clinic were transitioned to telehealth. Data are presented for 254 remote evaluations of children (18–212 months; referral concern: 51% autism spectrum disorder [ASD], 24% developmental delay/intellectual disability, 25% other neurodevelopmental concern) conducted from May to July 2020. Data were gathered from electronic health records as well as clinician and caregiver surveys. Results: A clinical diagnosis was provided in 72% of telehealth evaluations. Clinicians rated diagnostic certainty as “completely” or “somewhat” certain in 74% of evaluations. Certainty ratings were higher for evaluations in which a diagnosis of ASD was provided. Although technology and family challenges were reported, clinicians rarely identified these as disruptive to the evaluation process. Clinicians reported satisfaction with various aspects of delivering telehealth. Caregivers endorsed high satisfaction with receipt of telehealth and reduced travel burden. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly transformed service delivery for individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities and provided an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the deployment of telehealth evaluation to meet the need for ongoing diagnostic care. Our findings suggest that telehealth holds significant promise for neurodevelopmental assessment both within the context of a global pandemic and beyond.
ZC3H15 Correlates with a Poor Prognosis and Tumor Progression in Melanoma

Zinc figure CCCH-type containing 15 (ZC3H15), also called developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 1 (DRG1) family regulatory protein 1 (DFRP1), is a zinc finger containing protein. Despite playing a role in cellular signaling, it is found overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia and also an independent prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. However, the biological effect of ZC3H15 in malignant melanoma (MM) remains unexplored. The expression of ZC3H15 in patients was analyzed using the R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform database. Immunohistochemical analysis, western blot, and qRT-PCR were used to detect ZC3H15 expression in melanoma tissues and cell lines. MTT, BrdU, flow cytometry assay, transwell, and western blot were performed to explore the proliferation, cell cycle, invasion, and migration of melanoma cells. We undertaken colony formation assay in vitro and tumor xenograft in vivo to detect the tumorigenicity of melanoma cells. In the present study, ZC3H15 was demonstrated highly expressed in melanoma tissues and cells. Elevated ZC3H15 impairs the survival of melanoma patients. Meanwhile, attenuation of ZC3H15 in melanoma cells inhibited cell proliferation and induced cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Consistently, the expression of cell cycle-related proteins cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), CDK6, and cyclin D1 (CCND1) was decreased while p21 was upregulated. Furthermore, we found the migration and invasion abilities were inhibited in ZC3H15-knockdown melanoma cells. In addition, downregulation of ZC3H15 resulted in inhibition of colony formation abilities in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo. ZC3H15 promotes proliferation, migration/invasion, and tumorigenicity of melanoma cells. As a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in MM, ZC3H15 is worthy of further exploration.
Development of a delay model for unsignalized intersections applicable to traffic assignment

Abstract This paper develops a model for estimating unsignalized intersection delays which can be applied to traffic assignment (TA) models. Current unsignalized intersection delay models have been developed mostly for operational purposes, and demand detailed geometric data and complicated procedures to estimate delay. These difficulties result in unsignalized intersection delays being ignored or assumed as a constant in TA models. Video and vehicle license plate number recognition methods are used to collect traffic volume data and to measure delays during peak and off-peak traffic periods at four unsignalized intersections in the city of Tehran, Iran. Data on geometric design elements are measured through field surveys. An empirical approach is used to develop a delay model as a function of influencing factors based on 5- and 15-min time intervals. The proposed model estimates delays on each approach based on total traffic volumes, rights-of-way of the subject approach and the intersection friction factor. The effect of conflicting traffic flows is considered implicitly by using the intersection friction factor. As a result, the developed delay model guarantees the convergence of TA solution methods. A comparison between delay models performed using different time intervals shows that the coefficients of determination, R 2, increases from 43.2% to 63.1% as the time interval increases from 5- to 15-min. The US Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) delay model (which is widely used in Iran) is validated using the field data and it is found that it overestimates delay, especially in the high delay ranges.
Pemodelan Enterprise Architecture Pelayanan di RSUD Murjani Sampit

Proses pengembangan aplikasi yang belum tertata dan terdokumentasi dengan baik dan hanya memperhatikan kebutuhan sesaat memungkinkan penerapan sistem informasi yang saling tumpang tindih. Kondisi tersebut membuat sistem informasi tidak dapat dimanfaatkan sesuai yang diharapkan yaitu efesiensi dan efektifitas dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan rumah sakit. Jika ada dokumentasi elemen-elemen organisasi yang mencakup arsitektur bisnis, sistem informasi, dan teknologinya, tentu akan mudah melihat kaitan-kaitan antar elemennya. Pendokumentasian elemen-elemen organisasi dapat dilakukan dengan pengembangan Enterprise Architecture (EA). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk membangun model enterprise architecture yang dapat digunakan untuk mempermudah proses pengembangan arsitektur Sistem Informasi Pelayanan di RSUD dr. Murjani. Hasil dari penelitian ini, blueprint enterprise architecture pelayanan RSUD Murjani, diharapkan dapat menggambarkan elemen-elemen arsitektur organisasi yang saling berkaitan antar elemen-elemen tersebut, sehingga menjadi salah satu sumber pengambilan keputusan organisasi yang terus mengalami perubahan. Application development process that has not been organized and well documented and only pay attention to the need for a moment allow the application of information systems overlap. These conditions make the system information can not be utilized as expected that the efficiency and effectiveness in meeting the needs of the hospital. If there is documentation of elements of the organization that includes business architecture, information systems, and technology, it would be easy to see the linkages between elements. Documenting the elements of the organization can be done with the development of Enterprise Architecture (EA). The purpose of this research is to build a model of enterprise architecture that can be used to simplify the process of architectural development of Services Information Systems of dr. Murjani hospital. The results of this research, enterprise architecture blueprint Murjani hospital services, is expected to describe the architectural elements are inter-related organizations between these elements, thus becoming one of the sources of organizational decision making that continues to change.