Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Husbands’ Migration and the Left-behind Wives: The Psychosocial Impacts on Life Experiences of the Women of District Quetta, Pakistan

Migration has always been a focus of social scientists for many reasons, especially its impacts on the families of those who migrate for a long period of time. The recent literature reveals that migration can have both pros and cons. Keeping in view the existing facts and figures, this research study was designed to explore the psycho-social impacts on the migrants’ families, especially their wives, as they take the primary responsibilities of their families after their husbands’ migration. The researchers used the qualitative method by using open-ended interviews for data collection and thematic analysis. It is explored that a husband’s migration has certain impacts on the left behind wives, such as distress, fear, disparities, insecurity, negative rumors, problems in movement, threats from in-laws and neighbors, and treatment as a laborer. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that left behind wives have many psychosocial barriers; hence, the government may provide emotional support to the migrants’ families in terms of their children’s education, health, and socialization and the other family members, such as in-laws may also take care of their children and socialize and reasonably treat them.
Flow Cytometric Based Estimation of Genome Size in Arecanut (Areca catechu L.) Varieties

The present work was undertaken with the objective to estimate the nuclear DNA content in arecanut varieties using flow cytometry. Released varieties of arecanut maintained in the field gene bank at ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (ICAR-CPCRI), Regional Station, Vittal, Karnataka, were used for the estimation of DNA content by using BD AccuriC6 flow cytometer. Nuclei isolated from leaves of Pisum sativum cv. Citrad of known genome size was used as an external reference standard. Significant differences were observed between the arecanut varieties for 2C DNA content. Among the arecanut varieties, 2C DNA content (genome size) was found to be ranging from 6.025 (2.946 Gb/1C) to 6.710 pg (3.281 Gb/1C), with mean value of 6.472 pg (3.164 Gb/1C). The highest DNA content was recorded in the variety Swarnamangala (6.710 pg/2C or 3.281 Gb/1C), followed by Sumangala (6.695 pg/2C or 3.273 Gb/1C) and Shatamangala (6.623 pg/2C or 3.238 Gb/1C), while the lowest DNA content of 6.025 pg/2C or 2.946 Gb/1C was recorded in the variety Sreemangala. The results of this study indicate the potential of using flow cytometry for studying genome size diversity in arecanut.
Field School Archaeology the Mohegan Way: Reflections on Twenty Years of Community-Based Research and Teaching

In this essay we consider recent developments within the Mohegan Archaeological Field School, a 20-year-old indigenous collaborative archaeology project that runs annually on the Mohegan Reservation in Uncasville, Connecticut, U.S.A. We focus on the impacts of three major transformations: (1) the forging of a new and ever-evolving collaborative relationship between the Tribe and an academic archaeologist (the first author); (2) the appointment of the first Mohegan Tribal Historical Preservation Officer (the second author); and (3) the diversification of student cohorts, which relates directly to the field school's association with a British university. Each of these changes helped to foster a diverse ‘community’ archaeology project that stands to make substantive contributions to the Tribe, to archaeological pedagogy, and to academic archaeology. We frame our discussion in terms of the broader implications of these changes and new directions for indigenous, collaborative, and community archaeologies in general.
Workout with a Smartwatch: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Effects of Smartwatch Attributes on Flow Experience and Exercise Intentions Depending on Exercise Involvement

Smartwatches are emerging as effective tools to promote exercise and physical activities in the healthcare industry. However, little is known about how smartwatch attributes facilitate exercise and for whom such attributes are more effective for exercise. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to explore the structural relationship between smartwatch attributes, flow experience, and continued exercise intentions and to examine the moderating role of exercise involvement in the structural relationship. For this, a total of 600 participants were recruited via a professional survey firm in South Korea based on a multi-stage random sampling method and used for data analyses, including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation modeling (SEM), and multi-group SEM. All survey items were adopted from the existing literature on healthcare, flow experience, and wearable device technologies. The results revealed that smartwatch attributes, including interactivity (γ = 0.234, p < 0.001/γ = 0.235, p < 0.001), autonomy (γ = 0.225, p < 0.001/γ = 0.172, p < 0.001), wearability (γ = 0.104, p < 0.05/γ = 0.106, p < 0.05), convenience (γ = 0.209, p < 0.001/γ = 0.214, p < 0.001), and experiential novelty (γ = 0.221, p < 0.001/γ = 0.281, p < 0.001) enhanced flow experience (absorption/enjoyment) during exercise. Furthermore, flow experience (absorption/enjoyment) was found to positively influence exercise intention (β = 0.511, p < 0.001/β = 0.239, p < 0.001). Lastly, exercise involvement was found to modulate the structural relationships among smartwatch attributes, flow experience, and exercise intention (∆χ2 = 23.231, ∆df = 12, p < 0.05). By investigating these dynamics, this study contributes to shared knowledge not only in the healthcare literature but also in the wearable-technology literature. The results of the current study also provide useful guidelines for practitioners in the wearable-device and healthcare industries to develop optimal features of smartwatches for exercise and physical activities.
Place Attachment of Shoppers: A Study of Palms Mall, Ibadan, Nigeria

The shopping mall has emerged as an important component of many cities. While the rapid development of malls and the increasing patronage show their viability and acceptance by the populace, respectively, there is a dearth of studies that examine the impact of its physical and behavioural attributes on attachment. This study examines the effect of physical characteristics, activities, and socioeconomic characteristics on place attachment to the first standalone mall in Ibadan, Nigeria. From a sampling frame of 7, 115 shoppers, quantitative data was obtained from 350 respondents using systematic sampling on April 29, 2017, through a structured questionnaire. The data was analysed using mean, factor analysis, cross-tabulation, correlation, and categorical regression. The findings show that the most prevalent activities are meeting others (α = 0.77); leisure (α = 0.75); and, parties and hanging out (α = 0.70). The important physical attributes are circulation, wayfinding, and aesthetics (α = 0.87); access to mechanical conveyors, mall decoration, and quality materials (α = 0.80); and, ambience (α =0.79). However, the regression results show that the most important factors of attachment are access to mechanical conveyors, mall decoration, and quality materials (β = 0.334); leisure (β = 0.279); purchasing activities (β = 0.236); and, meeting others (β = 0.165). Hence, these factors should be considered in creating new malls in the city. In the context of urbanism, this is key to the social and economic revitalization of cities.
Dynamics of magma degassing

Abstract Gas exsolution and segregation are fundamental controls on eruption dynamics and magma genesis. Basaltic magma loses gas relatively easily because of its low viscosity. However, bubbles grown by decompression and diffusion during magma ascent are too small to segregate. Coalescence, however, can create bubbles big enough for gas to escape from the rising basalt magma. In evolved magmas, such as andesite and rhyolite, high viscosity prevents bubbles rising independently through the magma. The original gas content of magma erupted as lava is commonly the same as that erupted explosively, so that a gas separation mechanism is required. A permeable magma foam can form to allow gas escape once bubbles become interconnected. Magma permeabilities can be much higher than wall-rock permeabilities, and so vertical gas loss can be an important escape path, in addition to gas loss through the conduit walls. This inference is consistent with observations from the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, where gas escapes directly from the dome, and particularly along shear zones (faults) related to the conduit wall. Dynamical models of magma ascent have been developed which incorporate gas escape. The magma ascent rate is sensitive to gas escape, as the volume proportion of gas affects density, magma compressibility and rheology, resulting in both horizontal and vertical pressure gradients in the magma column to allow gas escape. Slight changes in gas loss can make the difference between explosive and effusive eruption, and multiple steady-state flow states can exist. In certain circumstances, there can be abrupt jumps between effusive and explosive activity. Overpressures develop in the ascending magma, caused primarily by the rheological stiffening of magma as gas exsolves and crystals grow. A maximum overpressure develops in the upper parts of volcanic conduits. The overpressure is typically several MPa and increases as permeability decreases. Thus, the possibility of reaching conditions for explosions increases as permeability decreases, both due to overpressure increase and the retention of more gas. Models of magma ascent from an elastic magma chamber, combined with concepts of permeability and overpressure linked to degassing, provide an explanation for the periodic patterns of dome growth with short-lived explosive activity, as in the 1980–1986 activity of Mount St Helens. Degassing of magma in conduits can also cause strong convective circulation between deep magma reservoirs and the Earth’s surface. Such circulation not only allows degassing to occur from deep reservoirs, but may also be a significant driving force for crystal differentiation.
Animacy Processing in Autism: Event-Related Potentials Reflect Social Functioning Skills

Though previous studies with autistic individuals have provided behavioral evidence of animacy perception difficulties, the spatio-temporal dynamics of animacy processing in autism remain underexplored. This study investigated how animacy is neurally encoded in autistic adults, and whether potential deficits in animacy processing have cascading deleterious effects on their social functioning skills. We employed a picture naming paradigm that recorded accuracy and response latencies to animate and inanimate pictures in young autistic adults and age- and IQ-matched healthy individuals, while also employing high-density EEG analysis to map the spatio-temporal dynamics of animacy processing. Participants’ social skills were also assessed through a social comprehension task. The autistic adults exhibited lower accuracy than controls on the animate pictures of the task and also exhibited altered brain responses, including larger and smaller N100 amplitudes than controls on inanimate and animate stimuli, respectively. At late stages of processing, there were shorter slow negative wave latencies for the autistic group as compared to controls for the animate trials only. The autistic individuals’ altered brain responses negatively correlated with their social difficulties. The results suggest deficits in brain responses to animacy in the autistic group, which were related to the individuals’ social functioning skills.
Effects of Pore Geometry and Saturation on the Behavior of Multiscale Waves in Tight Sandstone Layers

Geometric heterogeneities in tight reservoir rocks saturated with a fluid mixture may exhibit different scale distribution characteristics. Conventional models of rock physics based on poroelasticity, which usually consider single‐scale pore structure and fluid patches, are inadequate for describing elastic wave responses. A major challenge is to establish the relationship between the wave response at different spatial scales and frequencies. To address this problem, three sets of observational data over a wide frequency range were obtained from a tight oil reservoir in the Ordos Basin, China. Ultrasonic measurements were made on eight sandstone samples at partial oil‐water saturation at 0.55 MHz. Data from six borehole measurements and seismic profiles were acquired and analyzed at about 10 kHz and 30 Hz, respectively. Analysis of the cast thin sections shows that dissolution pores and microcracks generally develop, with fractal dimensions of the pores ranging from 2.45 to 2.67 for the samples with porosities between 5.1% and 10.2%. Compressional wave velocity and attenuation were estimated from the observed data. The results show that the velocity dispersion from seismic to ultrasonic frequencies is 10.02%, mostly occurring between sonic and ultrasonic frequencies. The attenuation is stronger at higher oil saturation. The relationships between velocity, attenuation, and wavelength were established and can be used for further forward modeling and seismic interpretation studies. A partial saturation model has been derived based on effective differential medium theory and a double double‐porosity model, assuming that the medium contains fractal cracks and fluid patches. The effects of scale and saturation on wave responses are prevalent. Modeling results consistent with observed data show that the radii of cracks and fluid patches range from 0.1 μm to 2.8 mm, affecting ultrasonic, acoustic, and seismic attenuation. The multiscale data and proposed model quantify the relationship between fracture and fluid distributions and attenuation and could be useful for upscaling to the reservoir scale. The study helps improve the understanding of seismic wave propagation in partially saturated rocks, which has potential applications in seismic exploration, hydrocarbon production in reservoirs, and CO2 sequestration in aquifers.
Investigating the shelf-life of probiotics fermented egg white-based beverage using prebiotics

With growing attention to health and lifestyle changes, functional foods have become crucial and in demand. These foods are a rich source of probiotics and prebiotics, but most probiotic products are dairy-based, making them inappropriate for people with lactose intolerance or milk protein allergies. Nevertheless, egg white offers a viable substitute and is considered one of the best sources of functional proteins. As an alternative food matrix, they come highly recommended for those who are hypersensitive to dairy products or who follow a high-protein diet, such as athletes. In this context, egg-white drink with different carbohydrate sources, including monosaccharide (fructose) and oligosaccharide (fructooligosaccharide), was fermented by Lacticaseibacillus casei 01. After 24 h of fermentation, the total cell count was higher than 8 log10 CFU mL−1 thus, the egg white drink was suitable for L. casei 01 to grow. Additionally, the survival of L.casei 01, the pH value, and the rheological properties of fermented beverages within three weeks of refrigerated storage were also investigated. Throughout the storage period, the control samples exhibited considerably lower cell count and higher pH values compared to the samples with carbohydrate sources, also, samples containing the same carbohydrate source showed no noticeable changes. Viscosity measurements of the studied samples showed a shear thickening behaviour during the time.
Evaluation of Water Quality Of Malaprabha River Near Jalikoppa Bridge, Belgaum

Water quality has become a major concern due to ever increasing anthropogenic activities that have polluted the water resources. A study on physico-chemical and biological characters of Malaprabha river near Jalikoppa village of Belgaum district. The main purpose of the present study is to know the suitability riverwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, rainfall, pH, BOD. , DO, TDS, EC, Cl, Na, K, Th, Ca, Mg, SO4, NO3 and Fe were analyzed for two years using standard methods. The result indicates that the water is suitable for drinking and agriculture purposes.
Organizational communication as an effort to improve managerial performance, quality of work-life and job satisfaction

This study's goal was to test performance variables for mediating the relationship between quality work-life (QWL) and job satisfaction. The population in this study was the entire village government in North Halmahera Regency. The purposive sampling technique was used because only the position of village head amounted to 121 respondents. The data was collected through surveys with questionnaires. The questionnaire instrument test used a validity test that is a factor analysis with a loading factor value of ≥ 0.5, and a reliability test with a Cronbach alpha value of ≥ 0.7. Hypothesis testing used regression and hierarchical regression. The result shows the following findings: both job satisfaction and managerial performance is affected by QWL positively and significantly; job satisfaction is positively and significantly influenced by managerial performance; and managerial performance can act as mediating variable on the relationship between QWL and job satisfaction. In conclusion, this study still has several limitations, especially regarding job satisfaction variables. Therefore, further research is suggested to investigate the implications of both the intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction on the quality of life variables.
The Influence of Value Components on Motivation to Learn ESL

Learning English as a second language (ESL) requires a high level of motivation especially among university students. This study examines the influence of value components of motivation to learn English in Malaysia, where attitudes towards language learning are generally considered moderate. A quantitative survey of 104 full-time and part-time undergraduate students was conducted using a Likert scale questionnaire with three (3) main sections: value, expectancy, and affective components. The findings show that both groups of students have different motivational expectations and perceptions, but extrinsic goal orientation (value components) was rated highest by students in both study modes. They also show strong confidence in their academic abilities and learning. Analysis of the affective components show test-related emotional experiences, while overall there were no significant motivational differences between the different learning modes. Recommendations include tailored learning support and managing test anxiety to increase ESL students' motivation.
Assessment of the Performances of the Protein Modeling Techniques Participating in CASP15 Using a Structure-Based Functional Site Prediction Approach: ResiRole

Background: Model quality assessments via computational methods which entail comparisons of the modeled structures to the experimentally determined structures are essential in the field of protein structure prediction. The assessments provide means to benchmark the accuracies of the modeling techniques and to aid with their development. We previously described the ResiRole method to gauge model quality principally based on the preservation of the structural characteristics described in SeqFEATURE functional site prediction models. Methods: We apply ResiRole to benchmark modeling group performances in the Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction experiment, round 15. To gauge model quality, a normalized Predicted Functional site Similarity Score (PFSS) was calculated as the average of one minus the absolute values of the differences of the functional site prediction probabilities, as found for the experimental structures versus those found at the corresponding sites in the structure models. Results: The average PFSS per modeling group (gPFSS) correlates with standard quality metrics, and can effectively be used to rank the accuracies of the groups. For the free modeling (FM) category, correlation coefficients of the Local Distance Difference Test (LDDT) and Global Distance Test-Total Score (GDT-TS) metrics with gPFSS were 0.98239 and 0.87691, respectively. An example finding for a specific group is that the gPFSS for EMBER3D was higher than expected based on the predictive relationship between gPFSS and LDDT. We infer the result is due to the use of constraints imprinted by function that are a part of the EMBER3D methodology. Also, we find functional site predictions that may guide further functional characterizations of the respective proteins. Conclusion: The gPFSS metric provides an effective means to assess and rank the performances of the structure prediction techniques according to their abilities to accurately recount the structural features at predicted functional sites.
The Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Dental Patients: Why Are My Patients Not Satisfied?

Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a common disorder that consists of a distressing or impairing preoccupation with imagined or slight defects in appearance. In dentistry, those patients will have unrealistic expectations and usually will be unsatisfied with the outcomes of dental treatment. This study investigated the prevalence of BDD and its associated factors among dental patients. Material and methods: In this cross-sectional survey-based study, a purposive sample was used to recruit adult patients seeking dental treatment in private and public facilities. Data was collected using the validated Arabic version of the Cosmetic Procedure Screening Questionnaire (COPS) for Body Dysmorphic Disorder, a validated nine-item self-administrated instrument that is scored from zero (least impaired) to five (most impaired). Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney U, and Fisher’s Exact tests were used to compare the associations between the study variables and BDD. Results: A total of 507 patients responded to the questionnaire. The prevalence of BDD was 34.1%. The average age of the participants was 35.2 years; the majority were males 290 (57%) and Saudis 436 (86%) with a college education 304 (60%). None of the demographics was associated with BDD but the type of treatment was significantly associated with BDD with teeth crowning and restorations. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the prevalence of BDD and its associated factors among dental patients in Eastern Saudi Arabia. The findings highlight the need for further research to better understand the factors contributing to the development of BDD and to guide prevention and intervention strategies in dental settings.
BIRD DIVERSITY OF AFFORESTATION HABITATS IN IRELAND: CURRENT TRENDS AND LIKELY IMPACTS

Abstract:A programme of afforestation has increased forest cover in Ireland from around 1% to more than 10% in less than a century. This study describes planting trends up to 2005 according to habitat and characterises the bird assemblages of the most commonly afforested habitat types. Most afforestation has taken place on peats, gleys [typical of wet grassland (WG) habitats] and well-drained mineral soils [typical of improved grassland (IG) habitats]. Since 1986, afforestation of gley sites increased dramatically, and afforestation rates on both peats and gleys were more than two times greater than on well-drained mineral soils. Bird diversity was assessed at 27 peatland, WG and IG sites. Bird density and species richness were positively related to shrub and tree cover, which was highest in WG and lowest in peatland sites. Indicator analysis identified several characteristic bird species of WG and peatland, but no characteristic species were identified for IG sites. The ways in which choice of afforestation habitat and subsequent management of plantations could affect bird diversity in Ireland are discussed. Afforestation is likely to benefit the birds most in areas of high-productivity grassland managed at high intensity for grazing and/or cutting, with relatively low levels of shrub cover.