Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stationary subspace analysis of nonstationary processes

Stationary subspace analysis (SSA) is a recent technique for finding linear transformations of nonstationary processes that are stationary in the limited sense that the first two moments or means and lag‐0 covariances are time‐invariant. It finds a matrix that projects the nonstationary data onto a stationary subspace by minimizing a Kullback–Leibler divergence between Gaussian distributions measuring the nonconstancy of the means and covariances across several segments. We propose an SSA procedure for general multivariate, second‐order nonstationary processes. It relies on the asymptotic uncorrelatedness of the discrete Fourier transform of a stationary time series to define a measure of departure from stationarity, which is then minimized to find the stationary subspace. The dimension of the subspace is estimated using a sequential testing procedure, and its asymptotic properties are discussed. We illustrate the broader applicability and better performance of our method in comparison to existing SSA methods through simulations and discuss an application in analyzing electroencephalogram (EEG) data from brain–computer interface (BCI) experiments.
Major Role of the Cyanobacterium Trichodesmium in Nutrient Cycling in the North Atlantic Ocean

The diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium is a large (about 0.5 by 3 millimeters) phytoplankter that is common in tropical open-ocean waters. Measurements of abundance, plus a review of earlier observations, indicate that it, rather than the picophytoplankton, is the most important primary producer (about 165 milligrams of carbon per square meter per day) in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. Furthermore, nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium introduces the largest fraction of new nitrogen to the euphotic zone, approximately 30 milligrams of nitrogen per square meter per day, a value exceeding the estimated flux of nitrate across the thermocline. Inclusion of this organism, plus the abundant diazotrophic endosymbiont Richelia intracellularis that is present in some large diatoms, in biogeochemical studies of carbon and nitrogen may help explain the disparity between various methods of measuring productivity in the oligotrophic ocean. Carbon and nitrogen fixation by these large phytoplankters also introduces a new paradigm in the biogeochemistry of these elements in the sea.
Investigating Developers' Perception 1 on Software Testability and its 2 Effects 3

9 The opinions and perspectives of software developers are highly regarded in software 10 engineering research. The experience and knowledge of software practitioners are frequently 11 sought to validate assumptions and evaluate software engineering tools, techniques, and 12 methods. However, experimental evidence may unveil further or different insights, and in some 13 cases even contradict developers' perspectives. In this work, we investigate the correlation 14 between software developers' perspectives and experimental evidence about testability smells 15 ( i.e., programming practices that may reduce the testability of a software system). Specifically, we 16 first elicit opinions and perspectives of software developers through a questionnaire survey on a 17 catalog of four testability smells, we curated for this work. We also extend our tool DesigniteJava 18 to automatically detect these smells in order to gather empirical evidence on testability smells. 19 To this end we conduct a large-scale empirical study on 1,115 Java repositories containing 20 approximately 46 million lines of code to investigate the relationship of testability smells with test 21 quality, number of tests, and reported bugs. Our results show that testability smells do not 22 correlate with test smells at the class granularity or with test suit size. Furthermore, we do not 23 find a causal relationship between testability smells and bugs. Moreover, our results highlight 24 that the empirical evidence does not match developers' perspective on testability smells. Thus, 25 suggesting that despite developers' invaluable experience, their opinions and perspectives might 26 need to be complemented with empirical evidence before bringing it into practice. This further 27 confirms the importance of data-driven software engineering, which advocates the need and 28 value of ensuring that all design and development decisions are supported by data.
PENGARUH WORD OF MOUTH (WOM), DAYA TARIK WISATA, DAN FASILITAS TERHADAP MINAT BERKUNJUNG ULANG WISATAWAN PADA PEMANDIAN AIR PANAS SUMBER PADI KABUPATEN BATU BARA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara serempak dan parsial Word Of Mouth (WOM), Daya Tarik Wisata Dan Fasilitas Terhadap Minat Berkunjung Ulang Wisatawan pada Pemandian Air Panas Sumber Padi Kabupaten Batu Bara. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 96 responden yang merupakan wisatawan dari Pemandian Air Panas Sumber Padi Kabupaten Batu Bara yang telah berkunjung 2 kali atau lebih. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara serempak Word Of Mouth (WOM) , Daya Tarik Wisata dan Fasilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Minat Berkunjung Ulang dengan nilai F hitung 42,855 > F tabel 2,70 dan berada pada tingkat signifikan 0,000 t tabel 1,985 dan nilai signifikan < 0,05yang berarti secara parsial Word Of Mouth (WOM), Daya Tarik Wisata dan Fasilitas berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap Minat Berkunjung Ulang. Kata Kunci : Word Of Mouth (WOM), Daya Tarik Wisata, Fasilitas, Minat Berkunjung Ulang
Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses provide new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying taproot thickening in Panax notoginseng

Background Taproot thickening is a complex biological process and depends on the coordinated expression of the genes controlled by both environmental and developmental factors. Panax notoginseng is an important Chinese medicinal herb characterized by enlarged taproot as the main organ of saponin accumulation. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of taproot enlargement. A total of 29957 DETs were identified during thickening process of P. notoginseng taproot. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment revealed that DETs associated wthith “plant hormone signal transduction”, “starch and sucrose metabolism”, and “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” were predominantly enriched. Furher functional analysis by integrating DETs expression profiling, endogenous hormone and primary metabolite identified some critical genes (e.g., RNase-like major storage protein, DA1-related protein, Starch branching enzyme I) and primary metabolites (e.g., Sucrose, Glucose, Fructose Malate and Arginine) potentially controlling taproot thickening, and highlighted that hormones crosstalk, transcriptional regulation, homeostasis regulation of sugar and starch, and cell wall metabolism play an important role during thickening process of P. notoginseng taproot. These results provide molecular regulatory network of taproot thickening in P. notoginseng and facilitate the characterization of genes responsible for taproot formation in root medicinal plants or crops. while the harvest period is mainly determined based on taproot yield. However, There is a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanism regulating taproot morphogenesis in P.notoginseng . In this study, the expression profiles of key stages during taproot thickening were constructed by using 1-year-old P. notoginseng . Further integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed regulatory networks and critical genes potentially controlling taproot thickening. These results would be served as an important public reference platform to indicating that taproot thickening Genes encoding C2H2 and ARF families while genes encoding WRKY, bHLH, NAC, and BES1 families May. These results suggest that the up-regulated TFs families may be more involved in early developmental regulation of P.notoginseng taproot by mediating different signal pathways. protein; ROS: oxygen species; SA: SBE: Starch
Assigned MURA Defect Generation Based on Diffusion Model

In this paper, we propose a novel method for assigned MURA generation using a diffusion model. MURA is a well-known problem in the display industry, which is difficult to be inspected because it is characterized by low contrast, blurry contours, blocky uneven brightness, and irregular shape patterns, and most defects have no rules to follow. Especially, for data-driven deep learning, the shortage of MURA samples collecting from the pipeline of manufactory is the first challenging problem, because the MURA sample happens with a low probability and in various ways. To relieve the problem, our proposed approach employs a diffusion model that generates MURA defect images using a few samples, which allows us to assign the position and class of MURA in the image. Specifically, our method leverages the diffusion process to estimate the visibility of MURA, which is then used to enhance the flexibility of the MURA detection process. We evaluate the performance of our method through MURA inspection. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach in addressing the MURA detection problem.
Phenotypic attributes and production performances of Agonda Goan pig

The aim of study was to evaluate morphometric traits, growth and reproduction performance of indigenous Agonda Goan pigs reared under coastal climate which supports livelihood development of resource poor farmers. Population size in breeding tract varied depending on farmers’ preference for breeding and consumers’ demand for pork. Data (n=74) on different parameters were recorded both from farmer’s flock and institute pig unit. Body measurements such as body length, height at withers, chest girth and neck girth of both were measured using measuring tape. The body weights at different ages i.e., birth, weaning and monthly interval up to one year of age were recorded using digital weighing balance. The average body length, chest girth, height at withers and neck girth were 102.68±3.22 cm, 99.86±3.64 cm, 58.32±1.19 cm and 73.09±4.18 cm, respectively. The mean bristle yield (g/cutting), bristle length(cm) and bristle diameter (micron) were 38.08±5.85, 4.45±0.04 and 268.21±9.84 in males, and 88.16±16.95, 5.69±0.07 and 270.93±11.07 in female pigs, respectively. The mean weight at birth was 0.59±0.01 kg and at weaning was 3.76±0.12 kg. The yearling weights of adult male and female were 46.58±4.50 and 47.27±6.46 kg, respectively. The average litter size at birth and at weaning was 7.21±0.41 and 5.93±0.28, respectively. Pre-weaning and postweaning growth rates were 79.25±9.86 and 153.85±13.34 g/day, respectively. This unique germplasm has potential for sustainable production with improved pig breeding programs. However, the breed is under constant threat due to indiscriminate crossbreeding with unbalanced admixture and replacement with exotic breeds for which immediateconservation and improvement programs are essential to save the breed.
A global health crisis with divided research traditions? A comparative review of Brazilian and international research in communication on the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in substantial international scientific research from high-income countries, with fewer contributions from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Utilizing a field theory approach, we contend that these output variations may underscore challenges faced by LMIC researchers in obtaining international academic recognition. Through a systematic review of Brazilian and international Communication research during the pandemic, we identify differences in research interests, constructs, methods, and use of academic references. While international literature prioritizes quantitative surveys, Brazil emphasizes qualitative content analysis. We also observe dissimilarities in covered topics and a limited number of shared references. Research traditions and distinct resource allocations pose additional barriers to international publishing, hampering academic exchanges between these communities.
Study on financial assessment of rice production causing false smut disease of different varieties at farm level in Kushtia district

Abstract The present study was conducted to evaluate the false smut incidence and its effect on yield in different varieties, and to determine the financial cost, return and profitability of rice production during the year 2018–2019 in Kushtia district. The highest average farmers (65%) lost their yield 0.85 t/ha in 5 severity scale of BRRI dhan49, while Dhani Gold as hybrid variety exerted the lowest yield losses of 0.20 t/ha in 7% affected farmers. Spraying of Nativo (75 WG) 0.40 kg/ha increased the yield 34.87% over control, and Amister Top 325 SC was applied in the field that produced lower yield compared to Nativo. Tilt (250 EC) 0.45 l/ha and Folicur 0.90 l/ha also showed significant increase of yield over untreated control plot. The highest gross return of BRRI dhan39 was determined at Tk. 114753/ha with higher price and its fine quality. The lowest gross return and net return were estimated at Tk. 106958/ha and (−) Tk. 1215/ha, respectively, in Shorna cultivar due to higher incidence of false smut disease.
Specious Sites: Tracking the Spread and Sway of Spurious News Stories at Scale

Misinformation, propaganda, and outright lies proliferate on the web, with some narratives having dangerous real-world consequences on public health, elections, and individual safety. However, despite the impact of misinformation, the research community largely lacks automated and programmatic approaches for tracking news narratives across online platforms. In this work, utilizing daily scrapes of 1,334 unreliable news websites, the large-language model MPNet, and DP-Means clustering, we introduce a system to automatically identify and track the narratives spread within online ecosystems. Identifying 52,036 narratives on these 1,334 websites, we describe the most prevalent narratives spread in 2022 and identify the most influential websites that originate and amplify narratives. Finally, we show how our system can be utilized to detect new narratives originating from unreliable news websites and to aid fact-checkers in more quickly addressing misinformation. We release code and data at https://github.com/hanshanley/specious-sites.
Assessing the In Vitro Digestion of Lactoferrin-Curcumin Nanoparticles Using the Realistic Gastric Model

Nanosized delivery systems have been the subject of research and discussion in the scientific community due to their unique properties and functionality. However, studies reporting the behaviour of nanodelivery systems under dynamic in vitro digestion conditions are still very scarce. To address this gap, this study aims to assess the dynamic in vitro gastric digestion of lactoferrin/curcumin nanoparticles in the realistic gastric model (RGM). For this purpose, the INFOGEST standard semi-dynamic digestion protocol was used. The nanosystems were characterized in terms of hydrodynamic size, size distribution, polydispersity index (PdI), and zeta potential using dynamic light scattering (DLS), before and during the digestion process. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was also used to examine particle aggregation. In addition, the release of curcumin was evaluated spectroscopically and the intrinsic fluorescence of lactoferrin was measured throughout the digestion process. The protein hydrolysis was also determined by UV-VIS-SWNIR spectroscopy to estimate, in real-time, the presence of free NH2 groups during gastric digestion. It was possible to observe that lactoferrin/curcumin nanoparticles were destabilized during the dynamic digestion process. It was also possible to conclude that low sample volumes can pose a major challenge in the application of dynamic in vitro digestion models.
A first look at the ability to use genomic prediction for improving the ratooning ability of sugarcane

The sugarcane ratooning ability (RA) is the most important target trait for breeders seeking to enhance the profitability of sugarcane production by reducing the planting cost. Understanding the genetics governing the RA could help breeders by identifying molecular markers that could be used for genomics-assisted breeding (GAB). A replicated field trial was conducted for three crop cycles (plant cane, first ratoon, and second ratoon) using 432 sugarcane clones and used for conducting genome-wide association and genomic prediction of five sugar and yield component traits of the RA. The RA traits for economic index (EI), stalk population (SP), stalk weight (SW), tonns of cane per hectare (TCH), and tonns of sucrose per hectare (TSH) were estimated from the yield and sugar data. A total of six putative quantitative trait loci and eight nonredundant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were associated with all five tested RA traits and appear to be unique. Seven putative candidate genes were colocated with significant SNPs associated with the five RA traits. The genomic prediction accuracies for those tested traits were moderate and ranged from 0.21 to 0.36. However, the models fitting fixed effects for the most significant associated markers for each respective trait did not give any advantages over the standard models without fixed effects. As a result of this study, more robust markers could be used in the future for clone selection in sugarcane, potentially helping resolve the genetic control of the RA in sugarcane.
A Preliminary Examination of WRF Ensemble Prediction of Convective Mode Evolution

AbstractAccurately simulating convective mode evolution can assist forecasters in the severe weather warning process. A few prior studies have examined the skill of simulating convective modes using single, deterministic forecasts. The present study extends the earlier evaluations to a small, four-member ensemble, with each member incorporating varying initial and lateral boundary conditions, microphysics schemes, and planetary boundary layer schemes. Simulated convective modes from thirty-two 12-h simulations were categorized into nine classifications using a classification scheme developed from previous studies. Multiple methods were used to derive forecasts of these convective classifications, creating an hourly deterministic ensemble mode forecast and probabilistic forecasts for 1-, 6-, and 12-h periods. Forecasts were compared with observed radar reflectivity for verification. In general, hourly deterministic ensemble mode forecasts showed improvement over individual member forecasts. The small ensem.
Patient Assessment of Care with Chronic Cardiovascular Disorders and Its Relationship with Self-Efficacy: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Patients’ assessment of care navigating cardiovascular disorders is imperative in improving the quality of care provided. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of people living with cardiovascular disorders on the care they received and its relationship with general self-efficacy. Methods: This investigation employed a cross-sectional correlational approach. The study sample was comprised of patients with cardiovascular disorders from both the King Khalid Hospital and the King Salman Specialist Hospital, in Hail City, Saudi Arabia. Convenience sampling was used, resulting in 104 participants. A survey using a self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect the data, which ran from 10 March to 20 May 2023. Results: The participants perceived that they occasionally (2.75 ± 1.053) received care, and they perceived themselves to have better self-efficacy (25.28/40). Of note, the age (0.062), years of being diagnosed with having the disease (−0.174), sex (0.180), educational attainment (0.125), and occupation (0.206) were found to have no significant relationship with the patient assessment of care with chronic cardiovascular disease (PACIC). However, civil status (0.867) was found to have a strong positive correlation to the PACIC. No significant relationship was found between age and GSE (0.070) and PACIC (0.62), civil status with GSE (0.013), years being diagnosed with having the disease with GSE (0.095), and PACIC (0.174) educational attainment with GSE (0.088) and PACIC (0.125) or occupation (0.115) with GSE. However, sex (0.795) was found to have a strong correlation with general self-efficacy (GSE). Of note, patient activation (0.390) and goal setting (0.360) had a moderate positive correlation while problem solving (0.228) and follow-up (0.278) had a weak positive correlation to GSE. Meanwhile, the delivery system (0.507) had a strong positive correlation to GSE. This study illuminates the value of self-efficacy and patient involvement as self-management techniques for cardiovascular illnesses. Future cardiovascular illness self-management initiatives should concentrate on enhancing patient self-efficacy by adopting the PACIC.
APPRAISAL ON MORPHOMETRY, GAS EXCHANGE CHARACTERISTICS, AND IONS UPTAKE UNDER CADMIUM STRESS IN EARLY- AND LATE-SOWN OF COTTON

Cadmium (Cd) is a water-soluble metal pollutant that is not required for plants, but its mobility in the soil-plant continuum has lately attracted substantial interest due to its harmful effects on plants. It may cause serious morphological and physiological abnormalities in addition to inhibiting cotton growth. Thereby, the present study was conducted to explore the effect of different concentrations of Cd on the growth, morphological, biochemical, and physiological processes of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties. Understanding the morphological, biochemical, and physiological responses to Cd stress is necessary for a holistic approach to plant resistance mechanisms to Cd stress. A net house experiment was conducted to investigate the growth and adaptation mechanism of G. hirsutum varieties (V 1 : KL-MNH-142 and V 2 : KL-FH-886) with different sowing times (i.e., early and late) under Cd stress (250 µM, 500 µM, 750 µM, and 1000 µM). The results showed that Cd predominately accumulated in the root at a higher dose, which consequently led to a reduction in the root biomass. During the late sowing time, transpiration rate (1.01 ± 0.04) and stomatal gas exchange rate (0.01 ± 0.003) were recorded to be significantly decreased by the application of Cd at 1000 µM to variety V 2 (KL-MNH886) as compared to the early sowing interval and respective control (1.63 ± 0.06). Calcium contents (1.4 ± 0.5) in the root were decreased in the early sowing period in V 1 as compared to the late sowing period. Besides, the application of Cd (1000 µM) has significantly decreased root soluble sugar (0.13 ± 0.001) in V 1 under the late sowing period compared with the early sowing period and respective control. Cd not only led to the decrease in root anthocyanin but also changed the chlorophyll content. Our study proved that G. hirsutum has good tolerance to Cd stress during early time intervals as compared to the late time interval and is the best species for soil and ecological environment restoration.