Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Altered gut microbiome in Parkinson's disease and the influence of Altered gut microbiome in Parkinson's disease and the influence of lipopolysaccharide in a human α -synuclein over-expressing mouse model lipopolysaccharide in a human -synuclein over-expressing mouse model

The interaction between the gut microbiota and alpha-synuclein ( α Syn) aggregation in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is receiving increasing attention. The objective of this study was to investigate gut microbiota, and effects of an inﬂammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) trigger in a human α Syn over-expressing mouse model of PD (Thy1-α Syn). Stool samples from patients with conﬁrmed PD and Thy1-α Syn mice were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Compared to healthy controls, the relative abundance of mucin-degrading Verrucomicrobiae and LPS-producing Gammaproteobacteria were greater in PD patients. In mice, the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria was negligible in both Thy1-α Syn and wild-type (WT) animals, while Verrucomicrobiae were reduced in Thy1-α Syn mice. The effect of LPS on intestinal barrier function was investigated in vitro using intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells, and in vivo via administration of LPS in drinking water to Thy1-α Syn mice. Acute exposure to LPS in vitro resulted in a reduction and altered distribution of the tight junction markers ZO-1 and e-Cadherin around the cell membrane in IEC-6 cells, as shown by immunohistochemistry. LPS administration in Thy1-α Syn mice resulted in the emergence of early motor manifestations at 10 weeks, compared to untreated mice who were still asymptomatic at this age. This study reafﬁrms that an altered microbiome exists in patients with PD, and supports the notion of a proinﬂammatory gut microbiome environment as a trigger for PD pathogenesis.
ScholarWorks@BGSU ScholarWorks@BGSU

Background: Although some studies have found that incarceration is associated with young adults’ poor health, confounding factors including adolescent health risks, and mediating influences such as stress have not been examined in the same study. We assessed whether variation in criminal justice system experience (none, arrest only, incarceration) influenced young adults’ self-reported depressive symptoms and poor physical health after accounting for prospective risks to health including adolescent health risks. We then assessed whether stress mediated associations between criminal justice involvement and the two health indicators. Methods: Data are from Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS) (n =990), which included young adults, age 22-29, who have matured during the era characterized by mass incarceration. The dependent variables included a depressive symptoms scale and self-reported poor health. The adolescent health risks included economic disadvantage, body mass index, delinquency, problems with drugs, and prior depressive symptoms. We considered stress as a mediating variable. Sociodemographic characteristics included race/ ethnicity, age, and gender. We used ordinary least squares regression and logistic regression analyses. We tested gender, race/ethnicity, and age interactions. Results: In multivariable models, incarceration, and adolescent health risks (economic disadvantage, prior depression, problems with drugs) were associated with young adults’ depressive symptoms, and stress was a mediating influence. Adolescent delinquency and stress, but not incarceration, were significantly associated with young adults’ self-reported poor health. Conclusion: This study provided a more nuanced understanding of incarceration and health by accounting for several key confounding factors and testing stress as a mechanism underlying the association. Care for prisoner health during and after incarceration is important for successful reintegration.
Do the pregnant mothers utilize supplementary nutrition along with other antenatal services? A cross sectional study from Mangaluru, Karnataka state, India

Background: Antenatal care services including supplementary nutrition services are the essential services for reducing maternal mortality. As per National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 4 data, 62% pregnant mothers received supplementary nutrition in Karnataka state and only 49.4% received health and nutrition education. Study was conducted to assess utilization of antenatal services with special reference to supplementary nutrition and advice on nutrition.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the mothers admitted in obstetrics and gynecology department of Yenepoya Medical College Hospital. All the 140 mothers admitted during August and September 2017 for safe confinement of pregnancy were enrolled in this study and data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire. SPSS software version 22 was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics was expressed in terms of frequencies and percentages. Chi square test was used to study the factors association with utilization of antenatal services.Results: Of the 140 participants, most of them i.e. 38.6% were in 25-30 years age group. The mean age was 46 years. Only 86 mothers (61.42%) received supplementary nutrition of whom only 53 (37.85%) had consumed it. Utilization of antenatal services was 100% with respect to minimum antenatal visits, routine laboratory investigations and TT immunization. Awareness about Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) was very poor (5%). Educational status of mother was found to be associated with utilization of supplementary nutrition (p=0.026). Conclusions: Utilization of routine antenatal services was reported to be very good. Efforts should be made to improve utilization about supplementary nutrition and awareness about nutrition education.
Acne among Medical Students in Baghdad, Pattern and Associated Factors

Background: Acne is very common in teenagers and younger adult age groups characterized by chronic inflammation of pilosebaceous glands. It is the most common skin disease, affecting nearly 80 percent of persons at some time between the ages of 11 and 30 years. The majority of medical students are adolescents who are the most sufferers of acne and the ones suffering from emotional and social stress. Method: A cross-sectional study of analytic element was conducted on a convenient sample of medical students from six medical colleges in Baghdad. Questionnaires covering the demography, clinical acne pattern, treatment modality and psychological relation were designed and distributed online to the students and the results were analyzed by SPSS and presented by suitable charts and tables, association was assessed by chi square test. Result: A cross-sectional study included 768 students of medical colleges in Baghdad, age range 17-27 years with mean ± SD (20.4 ± 1.8) The study shows that the most common types of acne are whiteheads (38.67%) & papule (36.71%) but cysts, papule, and pustules are associated with the highest rate of complications. It’s mostly distributed on the face (90.75%). On the subject of acne severity, most cases are almost clear (42%) followed by mild and moderate (34%, 20%). Regarding the effect of skin type on the appearance of acne, this study revealed that normal/ combined skin type has the highest association of acne appearance (50%) but the oily skin has the highest severity (5.2%) and the highest rate of complications (72.6%) if compared with other types of skin. It shows that females have more complications associated with acne than males. Conclusion: Females are at higher percentage to get acne, especially those who have oily skin. Whiteheads are the most common types, the common sites on face and chest, about quarter of the students have moderate-severe acne, certain types of food (as dairy and high carb), stress, were among factors having significant association with acne complications (74%,47% respectively), face washing as treatment showed improvement of acne.
Chromatin looping and epigenetic regulation at the maize b1 locus

B’ and B-I are two tissue-specifically regulated epialleles of the maize b1 gene. B-I expresses the b1 gene at a high level, B’ at a low level. When combined in one nucleus the two epialleles communicate in trans whereby B’ heritably changes B-I into B’ in a process called paramutation. A hepta-repeat ~100 kb upstream of the b1 coding region is required for paramutation and for high b1 expression. A mutation in the mediator of paramutation1 ( Mop1 ) gene prevents paramutation and up-regulates the expression level of the B’ epiallele. Our data underscore the importance of DNA methylation in the maintenance of the B’ epigenetic state, and we provide evidence that MOP1 maintains the repeat DNA methylation pattern and is required for tissue-specific chromatin remodeling at the hepta-repeat. Furthermore we show that in the absence of MOP1, the chromatin conformation of the B’ epiallele resembles the B-I multi-loop structure mediating high b1 transcription. Our results uncover an intricate interplay between active and silent epigenetic features present at the b1 locus in a mop1 background, resulting in elevated expression of B’ . We conclude that MOP1 is essential to maintain the B’ silent chromatin state.
Routledge Handbook

Summary Despite the typical differences in sport games, it is possible to identify some invariant characteristics. The cooperation–opposition nature determines a conflict of interests between two opposite strategic fields that can cause disruptions to the natural flow of the match. Some investigators have studied these perturbation factors or critical incidents. However, there is a lack of a theoretical framework that includes the criticality of game situations as a well-identified research line in sport performance analysis. Assuming the interest in the concept and the models developed to understand it, this chapter aims to describe the main guidelines of these models. Some results obtained from the empirical research focused on criticality game situations will be described and finally a definition of the basic guidelines will be presented that characterizes the criticality of game situations as a research line and critical incidents as its investigation objects.
A h ea d o f F i n a l P ub li ca t i on

Objective: To assess the efficacy of left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) combined with either sacubitril/valsartan or enalapril in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 138 patients with CHF admitted to Dazhou Central Hospital between June 2020 and June 2022 to extract clinical data. We divided the data into two treatment groups for the analysis: 71 patients received LBBP combined with sacubitril/valsartan treatment (sacubitril/valsartan group), and 67 received LBBP combined with enalapril treatment (enalapril group). The levels of cardiac and cardiopulmonary function indicators, levels of myocardial injury markers, and the scores of the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) before and after the treatment were compared between the two groups. Results: After six months of treatment, patients in the sacubitril/valsartan group had lower myocardial injury markers, higher cardiopulmonary function indicators, and lower MLHFQ scores ( P <0.05). Conclusions: In CHF patients, the combination of LBBP with sacubitril/valsartan had a better therapeutic effect compared to LBBP with enalapril, with more effective improvement of the cardiopulmonary function, reduction of myocardial injury, and improvement in quality of life.
Out‐of‐plane effects in 2D borehole‐to‐surface resistivity tomography and applications in mineral exploration

In this paper, we discuss the effects of anomalous out‐of‐plane bodies in two‐dimensional (2D) borehole‐to‐surface electrical resistivity tomography with numerical resistivity modelling and synthetic inversion tests. The results of the two groups of synthetic resistivity model tests illustrate that anomalous bodies out of the plane of interest have an effect on two‐dimensional inversion and that the degree of influence of out‐of‐plane body on inverted images varies. The different influences are derived from two cases. One case is different resistivity models with the same electrode array, and the other case is the same resistivity model with different electrode arrays. Qualitative interpretation based on the inversion tests shows that we cannot find a reasonable electrode array to determine the best inverse solution and reveal the subsurface resistivity distribution for all types of geoelectrical models. Because of the three‐dimensional effect arising from neighbouring anomalous bodies, the qualitative interpretation of inverted images from the two‐dimensional inversion of electrical resistivity tomography data without prior information can be misleading. Two‐dimensional inversion with drilling data can decrease the three‐dimensional effect. We employed two‐ and three‐dimensional borehole‐to‐surface electrical resistivity tomography methods with a pole–pole array and a bipole–bipole array for mineral exploration at Abag Banner and Hexigten Banner in Inner Mongolia, China. Different inverse schemes were carried out for different cases. The subsurface resistivity distribution obtained from the two‐dimensional inversion of the field electrical resistivity tomography data with sufficient prior information, such as drilling data and other non‐electrical data, can better describe the actual geological situation. When there is not enough prior information to carry out constrained two‐dimensional inversion, the three‐dimensional electrical resistivity tomography survey is the better choice.
Language Competences as a Contributing Factor in Solving Mathematical Problems

Mathematics is a compulsory subject for both elementary and high school students. The materials covered in this subject, which are mostly abstract with numbers and verbal symbols, have made it seem very hard to learn. In addition to its abstract characteristic, the lack of understanding on the languagecharacteristic, the lack of understanding on the language used in formulating mathematical concepts, especially in solving everyday problems, have contributed to the challenges faced by students upon their learning. In addition, teachers’ lack of understanding of the importance of language competence in learning mathematics has made the learning method focus mainly on the procedures for solving problems. This paper discusses various challenges faced by students in solving mathematical problems and their contributing factors. This study uses a qualitative method. The results of this study that the difficulties in comprehending basic mathematical skills have departed from the inability to implement mathematical concepts in various topics and subjects, which are falling within five major areas: (1) number facts, (2) arithmetic, (3) information, (4) language, and (5) visual-spatial. There are some factors contributing to the challenges in solving mathematical problems, namely external and internal. Keywords—competence; language; learning; mathematics;
Homestead Agroforestry and Tree Species Diversity in Cumilla District of Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, the typical land use structure is homestead agroforestry. It provides people with basic necessities like food, shelter, money, and other things. This study was regulated in the Nangalkot Upazila of the Cumilla district at Bangladesh to identify plant species grown in homestead areas and to explore the relationships between tree diversification and selected characteristics of farmers of the Nangalkot upazila. A total of 50 households from the small, marginal, medium, and large groups were polled. An interview schedule was created using a simple technique and questionnaire to collect data on the selected parameters. The respondents were chosen at random, and data were collected between January 1 and 21, 2021. For statistical analysis, the orthodox descriptive statistical parameters and Product Moment Correlation Coefficient of Pearson (r) were used. A total of twenty seven (27) plant species were identified in the study area's homestead, with 16 being fruit plants and 11 being forest plant species. The most abundant fruit species were mango, coconut, guava, papaya, jackfruit, etc., and the forest plant species were mahogany, bamboo, eucalyptus, neem, akashmoni, etc. On average, 14.38 plant species had been identified in respondents' homestead area. Sixteen agroforestry systems with four layers were identified from the study area. Selected farmers' characteristics, such as family size, farm size, homestead size, knowledge about homestead agroforestry, and socio-economic condition, showed a significant positive relationship with the total number of plant species, which can help in nutritional security of the people in the area of study. The current homestead agroforestry techniques in the Nangalkot Upazila of Cumilla district can be improved using advanced agroforestry approaches, and diversity of medicinal and multipurpose plants should be enhanced in order to maximize farmers' revenue.
Do CEOs Matter ? Corporate Performance and the CEO Life Cycle *

This study suggests that the effect of CEOs on the firms they run varies over time. We document an inverted U-shaped relation between CEO tenure and firm value as well as M&A announcement returns, consistent with the net effect of posited benefits and costs arising dynamically over the CEO’s time in office. We find economically meaningful variation in the point in time at which costs start to outweigh benefits depending on a firm’s economic environment. Nonparametric estimations, exogenous shocks to the cost-benefit relation of tenure, and an analysis of CEO sudden deaths further support our findings.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Effector profiles distinguish formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum

Summary Formae speciales (ff.spp.) of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum are often polyphyletic within the species complex, making it impossible to identify them on the basis of conserved genes. However, sequences that determine host-specific pathogenicity may be expected to be similar between strains within the same forma specialis . Whole genome sequencing was performed on strains from five different ff.spp. ( cucumerinum , niveum , melonis , radicis-cucumeri-num and lycopersici ). In each genome, genes for putative effectors were identified based on small size, secretion signal, and vicinity to a “miniature impala” transposable element. The candidate effector genes of all genomes were collected and the presence/absence patterns in each individual genome were clustered. Members of the same forma specialis turned out to group together, with cucurbit-infecting strains forming a supercluster separate from other ff.spp. Moreover, strains from different clonal lineages within the same forma specialis harbour identical effector gene sequences, supporting horizontal transfer of genetic material. These data offer new insight into the genetic basis of host specificity in the F. oxysporum species complex and show that (putative) effectors can be used to predict host specificity in F. oxysporum .
This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 31st USENIX Security Symposium.

With the growing processing power of computing systems and the increasing availability of massive datasets, machine learning algorithms have led to major breakthroughs in many different areas. This development has inﬂuenced computer security, spawning a series of work on learning-based security systems, such as for malware detection, vulnerability discovery, and binary code analysis. Despite great potential, machine learning in security is prone to subtle pitfalls that undermine its performance and render learning-based systems potentially unsuitable for security tasks and practical deployment. In this paper, we look at this problem with critical eyes. First, we identify common pitfalls in the design, implementation, and evaluation of learning-based security systems. We conduct a study of 30 papers from top-tier security conferences within the past 10 years, conﬁrming that these pitfalls are widespread in the current security literature. In an empirical analysis, we further demonstrate how individual pitfalls can lead to unrealistic performance and interpretations, ob-structing the understanding of the security problem at hand. As a remedy, we propose actionable recommendations to support researchers in avoiding or mitigating the pitfalls where possible. Furthermore, we identify open problems when applying machine learning in security and provide directions for further research.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Pattern-triggered immunity restricts host colonization by endophytic fusaria, but does not affect endophyte-mediated resistance

Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) is best known as a host-specific vascular pathogen causing major crop losses. Most Fo strains, however, are root endophytes potentially confer - ring endophyte-mediated resistance (EMR). EMR is a mechanistically poorly understood root-specific induced resistance response induced by endophytic or nonhost pathogenic Fo strains. Like other types of induced immunity, such as systemic acquired resistance or induced systemic resistance, EMR has been proposed to rely on the acti - vation of the pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) system of the plant. PTI is activated upon recognition of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) of invading microbes. Here, we investigated the role of PTI in controlling host colonization by Fo endophytes and their ability to induce EMR to the tomato pathogen Fo f. sp. lycopersici (Fol). Transgenic tomato and Arabidopsis plants expressing the Fo effector gene Avr2 are hypersusceptible to bacterial and fungal infection. Here we show that these plants are PTI-compromised and are nonresponsive to bacterial-(flg22) and fungal-(chitosan) MAMPs. We challenged the PTI-compromised tomato mutants with the EMR-conferring Fo endophyte Fo47, the nonhost pathogen Fom (a melon pathogen), and with Fol. Compared to wild-type plants, Avr2 -tomato plants became hypercolonized by Fo47 and Fom. Surprisingly, however, EMR towards Fol, induced by either Fo47 or Fom, was unaffected in these plants. These data show that EMR-based disease resistance is independent from the conventional defence pathways triggered by PTI, but that PTI is involved in restricting host colonization by nonpathogenic Fo isolates.
Macrophyte degradation status and countermeasures in China

Taking lakes in East Plain and Yungui Plateau of China as examples, this paper analyzed the status and trend of macro- phyte degradation. The main problems were the decreases in distribution area and depth, total biomass and biodiversity of macro- phyes. Species having more ability to resist pollution have developed quickly. The paper discussed macrophyte degradation in rela- tion to the population, economy, and urbanization process, rather than to physiological aspects. When external loading is reduced substantially, rehabilitation of the macrophyte should be considered as an important countermeasure. However, as the process of both macrophyte restoration and natural succession coexist, both theoretical and eco-technological studies on macrophyte restoration are needed