Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electromyography of the External Anal Sphincter during Micturition and Electrophysiological Bulbocavernosus Reflex in Healthy Spayed Female Canines

This study aimed to find methods and interferences and illustrate the pattern of external anal sphincter (EAS) electromyography (EMG) during micturition and to determine reference intervals of electrophysiological bulbocavernosus reflex (EBCR) by using robust statistical methods in healthy spayed female canines. Ten healthy spayed female canines (no breed restriction) with a body weight of 11.3–18 kg were enrolled. EAS EMG during micturition and the EBCR test were performed under light general anesthesia. Altogether 25 out of 34 EAS EMG showed a similar pattern, including low-amplitude high-frequency bursting pattern before voiding, medium- or high-amplitude low-frequency bursting pattern at the beginning of voiding, oscillate medium- and/or high-amplitude low-frequency bursting with a low-amplitude high-frequency bursting pattern during voiding, and high-amplitude high-frequency bursting pattern at the end of voiding. An average of 100 consecutive stimulations of EBCR for one cycle were performed in each dog and another cycle was repeated to ensure reproducibility. The lower and upper limits of the reference interval of EBCR onset latency values and EBCR mean amplitude values were calculated using both standard and robust methods with untransformed and transformed Box-Cox data. The EBCR onset latency was between 13.85 and 27.44 milliseconds, whereas the EBCR mean baseline to peak amplitude was not transformed with Box-Cox transformation. All EBCR compound muscle action potentials started with a negative sharp wave, which tapers from the baseline in the upward direction, showing an upturned bell-shaped curve. In conclusion, this study was possibly the first to examine the method and provide the electrographic pattern of EAS EMG during micturition and reference intervals of EBCR onset latency in spayed female dogs, which may serve as baseline information to help veterinarians differentiate healthy from diseased dogs. Further studies should compare normal dogs and dogs with lower urinary tract abnormalities at different lesion locations.
Measurement and modelling of enhanced absorption Hanle effect resonances in 85Rb

We report on a detailed measurement of the enhanced absorption Hanle effect resonances in 85Rb. The effect was analysed with an experimental setup allowing for the control of each magnetic field component within 1 mG. The characterization deals with the dependence of resonances, observed under different magnetic field conditions, on the frequency, intensity and polarization of the exciting radiation field. An analytic model that precisely describes the resonance behaviour is discussed.
Electrical transients in power systems

Fundamental Notions About Electrical Transients. The Laplace Transform Method of Solving Differential Equations. Simple Switching Transients. Damping. Abnormal Switching Transients. Transients in Three-Phase Circuits. Transients in Direct Current Circuits, Conversion Equipment and Static Var Controls. Electromagnetic Phenomena of Importance Under Transient Conditions. Traveling Waves and Other Transients on Transmission Lines. Principles of Transient Modeling of Power Systems and Components. Modeling Power Apparatus and the Behavior of Such Equipment Under Transient Conditions. Computer Aids to the Calculation of Electrical Transients. System and Component Parameter Values for Use in Transient Calculations and Means to Obtain Them in Measurement. Lightning. Insulation Coordination. Protection of Systems and Equipment Against Transient Overvoltages. Case Studies in Electrical Transients. Equipment for Measuring Transients. Measuring Techniques and Surge Testing. Appendices. Index.
Proposed Business Strategy for International Freight Forwarding Company (Case: PT Jahermosa)

PT Jahermosa is an international freight forwarding company established in 2012. This company has experience handling several types of goods with various services and modes of transportation. The services provided include export-import goods delivery using sea, air, and land modes. Due to COVID-19, the company’s sales performance has decreased from 2019 to 2021. However, according to data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, Indonesia’s total exports and imports from 2020 to 2021 have experienced a drastic increase. This gap indicates an increase in the market for goods delivery services to and from Indonesia but did not accompany PT Jahermosa’s ability to absorb the market. Therefore, this study aims to provide strategic business proposals for PT Jahermosa in the freight forwarding industry to improve the company’s sales performance. This research is qualitative research using primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews with several customers and management participants. While secondary data is obtained through company financial reports, websites, journals, and articles. First, an analysis was carried out on the external and internal conditions of PT Jahermosa’s freight forwarding business. External analysis was conducted using the PESTEL Framework, Porter’s Five Forces Model, Customer Analysis, and Competitor Analysis. Meanwhile, internal analysis was carried out using the Resource Based View Model, VRIO Analysis, Porter Value Chain Analysis. After that, the internal and external analysis will be put into the Business Model Canvas. Then, SWOT analysis is used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to assess the condition of PT Jahermosa using the data from external and internal analysis. Evaluation of these four factors forms the basis for formulating strategic alternatives using the TOWS Matrix. Finally, root cause analysis is carried out to find the real cause of the problems encountered using Problem Tree Analysis. Based on the results of this research, the strategy is formulated using the Diamond Strategy Model by considering four factors: vehicles, arenas, differentiators, speed, and economic logic. Value proposition canvas is used to support the proposed strategy. The limitation of this research is that financial reports need to be explained in detail to keep company documents secret. In addition, this research only covers PT Jahermosa as a freight forwarding and logistics service company. Further investigation can be made based on this research in the supply chain management, human resource management, and marketing strategy.
High-Resolution Dual-Doppler Analyses of the 29 May 2001 Kress, Texas, Cyclic Supercell

Abstract On 29 May 2001, Doppler on Wheels radars collected data on a supercell near Kress, Texas. The supercellular storm, cyclic in nature, produced multiple mesocyclones throughout its lifetime. Dual-Doppler syntheses were conducted using a grid spacing of 100 m, resulting in the highest-resolution observational analysis of a cyclic supercell to date. In addition, collection of data from ground-based radar allowed for the analysis of near-ground features irresolvable with airborne radar, providing another advantage over previous studies. The syntheses revealed a number of evolving low-level mesocyclones over the observation period of 900 s. While nontornadic during the synthesis period, the supercell exhibited evidence of strong (vertical vorticity greater than 10−2 s−1) low-level circulation with classic cyclic structure and multiple tornadoes beginning 3600 s later. A comparison between the current results, conceptual models, and previous lower-resolution analyses is presented. A striking similarity .
Non-Uniqueness of the Transport Equation at High Spacial Integrability

In this paper, we show the non-uniqueness of the weak solution in the class $\rho\in L^{s}_tL^p_x$ for the transport equation driven by a divergence-free vector field $\boldsymbol{u}\in L^{\tilde{s}}_tW^{1,q}_x\cap L_t^{s'}L_x^{p'}$ happens in the range $1/p+1/q>1-\frac{p-1}{4(p+1)p}$ with some $\tilde{s}>1$, as long as $1\le s<\infty$, $p>1$. As a corollary, $L^{\infty}$ in time of the density $\rho$ is critical in some sense for the uniqueness of weak solution. Our proof is based on the convex integration method developed in [Modena and Sattig, 2020, Ann. Inst. H. Poincar\'e C Anal. Non Lin\'eaire], [Cheskidov and Luo, 2021, Ann. PDE].
Statistical Data (1978-2020) on Prostate Cancer in the Southern Population of Mexico

Prostate cancer is the main risk factor that increases mortality in men worldwide. Recently, the National Institute of Statistics and Geography of Mexico reported the percentage of mortality from prostate cancer in men of 10.89/10,000 (60 and > 60 years) for patients with this clinical pathology in 2020. This research aimed to evaluate statistical data on prostate cancer in the southern population of Mexico. Mortality rates in southern Mexico were evaluated in 23,527 men with prostate cancer in 1979-2020 years using some data sources such as GLOBOCAN 2020, the Information System of the Mexican Ministry of Health, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The data showed that mortality in patients with prostate cancer in Veracruz City was higher (2018) compared to Campeche (219), Chiapas (977), Guerrero (724), Oaxaca (1356), Quintana Roo (623), and Yucatan (603). The results showed that aging is a risk factor for developing prostate cancer. Besides, this phenomenon could be conditioned through increases in the population of each Mexico city.
Comparison of the propagation of semiclassical frozen Gaussian wave functions with quantum propagation for a highly excited anharmonic oscillator

The propagation of an initially highly excited localized wave packet in an anharmonic oscillator potential is studied within the frozen Gaussian approximation. Comparison is made to quantum mechanical basis set calculations. The frozen Gaussian approximation involves the expansion of the initial wave function in terms of an overcomplete Gaussian basis set. The wave function evolution is evaluated by allowing each Gaussian to travel along a classical trajectory with its shape held rigid. A Monte Carlo algorithm is employed in the selection of the initial Gaussian basis functions. The frozen Gaussian results are very good for times on the order of a few vibrational periods of the oscillator and remain qualitatively correct for the entire length of the calculations which is 12 vibrational periods. The dependence of the calculations on the width of the Gaussian basis functions is investigated and the effect of a simplifying approximation for the prefactor of the Gaussians is tested.
Diffuse mode and diffuse-to-filamentary transition in a high pressure nanosecond scale corona discharge under high voltage

The dynamics of a point-to-plane corona discharge induced in high pressure air under nanosecond scale high overvoltage is investigated. The electrical and optical properties of the discharge can be described in space and time with fast and precise current measurements coupled to gated and intensified imaging. Under atmospheric pressure, the discharge exhibits a diffuse pattern like a multielectron avalanche propagating through a direct field ionization mechanism. The diffuse regime can exist since the voltage rise time is much shorter than the characteristic time of the field screening effects, and as long as the local field is higher than the critical ionization field in air. As one of these conditions is not fulfilled, the discharge turns into a multi-channel regime and the diffuse-to-filamentary transition strongly depends on the overvoltage, the point-to-plane gap length and the pressure. When pressure is increased above atmospheric pressure, the diffuse stage and its transition to streamers seem to satisfy similarity rules as the key parameter is the reduced critical ionization field only. However, above 3 bar, neither diffuse avalanche nor streamer filaments are observed but a kind of streamer–leader regime, due to the fact that mechanisms such as photoionization and heat diffusion are not similar to pressure.
Nudge in perspective: A systematic literature review on the ethical issues with nudging

In this article, we systematically review the literature on the ethics of nudging. Since the publication of the book Nudge by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein in 2008, a rich literature has been developed on the question whether it is ethical to nudge people. This is an important area for research as nudges are commonly used by governments and private corporations to alter the behaviour of citizens and consumers. In order to gain a complete overview of this literature, we conduct a systematic search of academic sources. We investigate which ethical issues with nudging are discussed. We find four major ethical issues, namely worries regarding 1) autonomy, 2) welfare, 3) long-term adverse effects, and 4) democracy and deliberation. We discuss each ethical issue by highlighting how it is defined, what the critique constitutes, what its sub-issues are, and which defences of nudging have been argued for. In this way, the systematic literature review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on the ethics of nudging to date. The results of our systematic review contribute to a better understanding of the ethical issues with nudging, as well as of the current state of the literature on these topics.
On uniqueness and time regularity of flows of power‐law like non‐Newtonian fluids

Large class of non‐Newtonian fluids can be characterized by index p, which gives the growth of the constitutively determined part of the Cauchy stress tensor. In this paper, the uniqueness and the time regularity of flows of these fluids in an open bounded three‐dimensional domain is established for subcritical ps, i.e. for p>11/5. Our method works for ‘all’ physically relevant boundary conditions, the Cauchy stress need not be potential and it may depend explicitly on spatial and time variable. As a simple consequence of time regularity, pressure can be introduced as an integrable function even for Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Effect of crop residue and potassium management practices on productivity and economics of conservation agriculture based maize (Zea mays)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system

A field experiment was conducted in kharif and rabi seasons of 2014-2016 at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi to study the effect of crop residue and potassium (K) on productivity and economics of maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under conservation agriculture (CA) based maize-wheat cropping system. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with four levels of crop residue in main plot, viz. no crop residue (CR), 2.0 tonnes/ha CR, 4.0 tonnes/ha CR, 6.0 tonnes/ha CR and five potassium levels, viz. no K, 50% RDK, 100% RDK, 150% RDK, 50% RDK+KSB in sub-plots. Results revealed that the yield attributes, grain and stover/straw yield were significantly influenced by the crop residue and K management practices over the control in both crop during both the years. Treatment with 50% RDK+KSB showed the significantly highest values of all yield attributes like, number of grains/cob, grain weight/cob, test weight and grain (4.91, 5.39 tonnes/ha) and stover yield (8.41, 9.07 tonnes/ha) in maize. In wheat also number of spikes/m2, grains/spike, spike weight, test weight and yield (5.16, 5.45 tonnes/ha) and straw yield were significantly higher over the control and 50% RDK. However this treatment was at par with 100% RDK and 150% RDK. Among the residue management practices 4.0 tonnes/ha CR registered significantly higher yield attributes, grain yield and stover/straw yield over no crop residue and 2.0 tonnes/ha CR and it was on par with 6.0 tonnes/ha CR in maize and wheat crops. The highest cost of cultivation was reported in 150% RDK and lowest cost of cultivation, highest gross returns, net returns and B: C ratios in maize and wheat were recorded in 50% RDK+KSB. Among residue management practices no CR registered the highest net returns and these were on par with 2 tonnes/ha CR in both the years of maize. However, in wheat highest returns were reported with 4.0 tonnes/ha CR and this was statistically at par to all the residue management practices except no CR. In both the crops, no CR showed highest B: C ratio followed by 2.0 tonnes/ha CR and 4.0 tonnes/ha CR. Lowest B: C ratio was recorded with 6.0 tonnes/ha CR. The strong correlation was observed between different yield attributes and yield in both the crops. Thus, application of 4.0 tonnes/ha CR and 50% RDK+KSB was cost effective, eco-friendly and sustainable K management practices under CA based maize-wheat cropping system and this may be recommended to farmers for adaptation.
A multilevel stratified spatial sampling approach based on terrain knowledge for the quality assessment of OpenStreetMap dataset in Hong Kong

With the development of Volunteered Geographical Information (VGI) data, the OpenStreetMap has high research value in terms of project activity, social influence, urban development, application scope, and historical richness and the number of buildings or roads is increasing every day. However, how to evaluate the quality of a large amount OpenStreetMaps efficiently and accurately is still not fully understood. This article presents the development of an approach regarding multilevel stratified spatial sampling based on slope knowledge and official 1:1000 thematic maps as the reference dataset for OpenStreetMap data quality inspection of Hong Kong. This multilevel stratified spatial sampling plan is as follows: (1) The terrain characteristics of Hong Kong are fully considered by dividing grids into quality estimate strata based on the slope information; (2) Spatial sampling for the selection of grids or objects is used; (3) A more reliable sampling subset is made, regarding the representation of the entire OpenStreetMap dataset of Hong Kong. This sampling plan displays a 10% higher sampling accuracy, but without increasing the sample size, particularly as regards building completeness inspection compared with simple random sampling and systematic random sampling. This research promotes further applications of the Open‐Street‐Map dataset, thus enabling us to have a better understanding of the OpenStreetMap data quality in urban areas.
Transition to whistler mediated magnetic reconnection

The transition in the magnetic reconnection rate from the resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) regime where the Alfven wave controls reconnection to a regime in which the ions become unmagnetized and the whistler wave mediates reconnection is explored with 2-D hybrid simulations. In the whistler regime the electrons carry the currents while the ions provide a neutralizing background. A simple physical picture is presented illustrating the role of the whistler in driving reconnection and the rate of whistler mediated reconnection is calculated analytically. The development of an out-of-plane component of the magnetic field is an observable signature of whistler driven reconnection.
Effects of vortex‐like and non‐thermal ion distributions on non‐linear dust‐acoustic waves

The effects of vortex‐like and non‐thermal ion distributions are incorporated in the study of nonlinear dust‐acoustic waves in an unmagnetized dusty plasma. It is found that owing to the departure from the Boltzmann ion distribution to a vortex‐like phase space distribution, the dynamics of small but finite amplitude dust‐acoustic waves is governed by a modified Kortweg–de Vries equation. The latter admits a stationary dust‐acoustic solitary wave solution, which has larger amplitude, smaller width, and higher propagation velocity than that involving adiabatic ions. On the other hand, consideration of a non‐thermal ion distribution provides the possibility of coexistence of large amplitude rarefactive as well as compressive dust‐acoustic solitary waves, whereas these structures appear independently when the wave amplitudes become infinitely small. The present investigation should help us to understand the salient features of the non‐linear dust‐acoustic waves that have been observed in a recent numerical s.
THE CYCLES OF α CENTAURI

The main AB pair of the nearby α Centauri triple system has one of the most extensive X-ray records of any cosmic object, stretching over 30 years. The primary, α Cen A (G2 V), is a near twin of the Sun, with a similarly soft (1–2 MK) corona. The secondary, α Cen B (K1 V), is more active than the Sun, with a generally harder coronal spectrum. Here, more than a decade of spatially resolved measurements from ROSAT, XMM-Newton, and Chandra are compared on a common basis, with careful attention to conversion factors that translate count rates of the different instruments into absolute energy fluxes. For the latter purpose, two epochs of Chandra transmission grating spectra, which fully resolve the binary, were modeled using a differential emission measure formalism. The aggregate time series suggests that α Cen B was near X-ray maximum in the mid-1990s, minimum in the late-1990s, then peaked again in 2004–2005, and more recently has been declining toward another minimum. Meanwhile, α Cen A showed minimal variability 1995–2000, and like the secondary presently is mired in an activity lull (in fact, as seen by XMM-Newton, the primary “fainted” from view in the 2005 time frame). Comparisons between X-ray luminosities in the 0.2–2 keV (6–60 Å) ROSAT “WGACAT” band and a softer counterpart 0.06–1.2 keV (10–200 Å) reinforce the idea that cycle depth is strongly dependent on the energy span of the measurement, and that much of the coronal luminosity of cool-corona objects like the Sun falls at longer wavelengths than are recorded efficiently by contemporary instruments. Consequently, one must be careful in discussing X-ray cycles, their amplitudes, and coronal heating requirements unless one can demonstrate good control over the out-of-band component.
ON THE UNIQUENESS AND CONTINUOUS DEPENDENCE OF SOLUTIONS IN DYNAMICAL THERMOELASTICITY BACKWARD IN TIME

This article studies the uniqueness and continuous dependence problems for the thermoelastic processes backward in time. Using some Lagrange-Brun identities combined with Gronwall's lemma, it is shown that the boundary final value problem associated with the linear thermoelasticity has at most one solution provided that some mild requirements are assumed concerning the thermoelastic coefficients. Some estimates are outlined that exhibit continuous dependence with respect to the final data, on the whole time interval without any kind of constraint on the solutions.
Schur complements and matrix inequalities of hadamard products

Let A and B be n-square positive definite matrices. Denote the Hadamard product of A and B by A∘ B. The main results of the paper are: 1.For any matrices C and D of size m × n and 2.Let A/α be the Schur complement of A(α) in A. Then . Some other matrix inequalities of Schur complements and Hadamard products of positive definite matrices are also presented.