Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Gender, Age and Education in the Emotional Responses of Parents of Children with Developmental Challenges

This research endeavor sought to explore how demographic factors such as gender, age, and parental education influence the emotional experiences of parents’ of children with developmental challenges. Utilizing a cross-sectional research design and purposive sampling, data were gathered from various regions in KP (Peshawar) and Punjab (Wah Cantt, Islamabad, and Jhelum). The study comprised a total of 150 participants, with an equal gender distribution (75 fathers and 75 mothers). Data collection tools included a consent form booklet, a demographic information sheet, and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience. The study's findings unveiled that fathers of children with disability reported more positive experiences as compared to mothers. Additionally, it was observed that older parents exhibited a broader spectrum of both positive and negative emotions as compared to their younger counterparts. Furthermore, significant differences in negative emotions were identified based on educational levels. The results suggest that mothers may be susceptible to heightened negative emotional experiences, possibly due to their extensive caregiving responsibilities, in contrast to fathers who often participate more in social and recreational activities. These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted supportive services for mothers by mental health professionals. Addressing negative emotional states is crucial in mitigating potential psychological, physical, and emotional challenges associated with the caregiving role. This study enhances our comprehension of emotional dynamics concerning demographics, emphasizing the necessity for tailored interventions to assist parents in navigating the distinctive challenges they encounter.
Mexican birds use according to environmental officers

Birds are used in Mexico for subsistence income and have traditionally been part of local cultural heritage. A group of people called pajareros are required by law to apply for permits for harvesting and selling birds, which are authorized by Mexican environmental and wildlife government officers mostly for subsistence use. While environmental manager officers interact with stakeholders as part of their work, how they actually interrelate with pajareros and make final decisions remains unclear. Therefore, we describe regulation of bird use in Mexico, analyze criteria applied, and provide the opinions of the four key officers involved in natural resource management obtained in open interviews held during 2012. Officers have a stereotyped view about pajareros and a close, sometimes conflicting relation with them, express good knowledge of social-environmental conflict related with songbirds, and decide songbird harvest rates based on the three pillars of sustainability, but prioritizing environmental laws over social needs.
Deictic shift in the production of direct and indirect speech

We investigated how deictic shifts and memory representation influence production difficulties in reported speech. In Experiment 1, participants read short stories, including a conversation between two protagonists. Participants then recalled the last sentence from the conversation in either direct or indirect speech. When participants had verbatim memory of the to-be-reported utterance, direct speech production was faster than indirect speech if indirect speech production required a deictic shift. If participants had verbatim memory and indirect speech production did not require a deictic shift, direct and indirect speech’s speech latencies were similar. In Experiment 2, we investigated the production difficulties of reported speech when verbatim memory was unavailable to participants. First, participants read short stories. Next, half of the participants completed an intervening task, whereas the other half did not. Last, participants undertook a sentence completion task by filling in a missing word in direct or indirect speech. When participants did not have verbatim memory of to-be-reported utterances, direct speech production was faster than indirect speech if a deictic shift was needed to produce direct speech. These results suggest that production difficulties in reported speech depend on how to-be-reported utterances are represented in memory and whether deictic shifts are required.
INFLUENCE OF VACUUM PACKAGING ON SEED PHYSIOLOGY AND QUALITY IN DIFFERENT FIELD CROPS

Investigations were carried out to study the influence of vacuum packaging on Seed physiology and quality in different field crops viz., onion, cotton, soybean and groundnut in the Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad from October, 2010 to June, 2012.The research study including two experiments consisted of six treatments to each and combinations of treatments that involved packing of seeds with different packaging materials such as vacuum packed bag, gunny, high density polythene, aluminium and cloth bags and storage at room temperature (25oC ± 2oC) as well as cold storage (4oC ± 1oC) for a period of 18 months. The result of the observations recorded at bi-monthly intervals revealed that the seeds stored in vacuum packed bags maintained the seed quality with least deterioration compared to gunny and high density polythene (HDPE) bags for soybean and groundnut and aluminium and cloth bags for onion and cotton upto 18 months of storage. The seed quality parameters viz., germination per cent, root length, shoot length, total seedling length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index, mean daily germination and mean germination time were very high in vacuum packaging treatments compared to gunny bags and HDPE bags for soybean and groundnut while it was lower in aluminium and cloth bags for onion and cotton throughout the storage period of 18 months under both ambient and cold storage. The electrical conductivity and mean germination time values were lesser in vacuum packed seeds compared to gunny, HDPE, aluminium and cloth bags seeds. Different seed physiological parameters such as mineral content (Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn) and mobilization efficiency values were decreased with advancement in storage period and higher in vacuum packed seeds than gunny, HDPE, cloth and aluminium bags. The rate of absorbance of moisture was more in gunny, cloth and HDPE bags, while aluminium and vacuum packed bags seeds maintained constant moisture content. The activities of enzymes viz., α-amylase, lipase and protease less in vacuum packed bags compared to aluminium, HDPE, gunny and cloth bags in all four crop seeds. Among the storage conditions, cold storage recorded better seed quality, physiological and biochemical parameters over room temperature, irrespective of storage containers throughout the storage period of 18 months.
Survey of anthracnose and wilt of chilli: A potential threat to chilli crop in central Uttar Pradesh

Chilli one of the most important spices and vegetable crop of India, Chilli is susceptible to various fungal diseases, such as Anthracnose, Damping–off, Fusarium wilt, collar rot, dry root rot, stem rot. Among of these, Anthracnose and Fusarium wilt are the most widespread and important disease. An extensive survey was conducted in 36 selected locations of Pratapgarh, Amethi, Sulatanpur, Kanpur, Etawah, Allahabad, Faizabad, Jaunpur, and Mirzapur districts of Uttar Pradesh during the year 2015-16. Maximum anthracnose severity recorded in Jaunpur (54.91%) and Mirzapur (54.00%) district. In case of soil borne pathogens Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici was the predominant pathogen. Its average recovery percent was 53.30 percent in all locations. It caused considerable loss in all chilli growing regions. Rhizoctonia solani was second most prominant pathogen found in these regions.
Strength and morphological characteristics of organic soil stabilized with magnesium chloride

Organic soil causes major problems in infrastructure development. It has high compressibility and low shear strength, and requires chemical stabilization if it is to be a sustainable geomaterial. This research investigated the strength and microstructural properties of organic soil stabilized with magnesium chloride (MgCl2). Unconfined compressive strength tests were undertaken to assess shear strength properties, and microstructural changes were monitored via field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDAX). The results confirm that MgCl2 improves the compressive strength of organic soil. The strength of MgCl2-stabilized organic soil is increased to around 3 – 5 times that of untreated soil during the first 7 days of curing. FESEM results show that the porosity of organic soil is filled by a new cementitious compound, identified as magnesium silicate hydrate (M-S-H).
Clinical characteristics and lateralization of the horizontal semicircular canal light cupula

Introduction Positional vertigo and nystagmus are the main symptoms and signs of dizziness, respectively. Despite the clinical utility of the supine roll test (SRT) and null point (NP) in diagnosing light cupula, a type of positional vertigo, there exists a notable gap in the literature concerning the comprehensive evaluation of lateralization values based on various nystagmus characteristics and the intensity of direction-changing positional nystagmus (DCPN) in the SRT, particularly in comparison to the NP. Additionally, limited data on abnormal canal paresis (CP) in light cupula patients underscores the need for further research with a larger patient population to elucidate this mechanism. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of positional nystagmus and lateralization of the horizontal semicircular canal (HSCC) light cupula, which is a type of positional vertigo and nystagmus that is poorly understood. Methods Eighty-five patients (17 males, 68 females; mean age, 60.9 years) with light cupula were reviewed. We summarized the characteristics of spontaneous nystagmus and positional nystagmus, including supine positioning nystagmus, bow nystagmus, and lean nystagmus. Then, the side of the NP was identified as the affected side, and the values of the fast phase direction of the spontaneous nystagmus, supine positioning nystagmus, bow nystagmus, and lean nystagmus, as well as the intensity of the DCPN in the SRT, were used to diagnose the affected sides. Caloric testing was also performed for some patients. Results Light cupula was observed in 5.7% of the patients with positional nystagmus. The frequencies of supine positioning nystagmus (88.2%), bow nystagmus (90.6%), and lean nystagmus (83.5%) were higher than spontaneous nystagmus (61.2%) (p < 0.001). The second NP (NP2) (92.9%) and third NP (NP3) (83.5%) were readily detected, affecting the left and right sides in 38 and 47 patients, respectively. Lateralization through the fast phase directions of bow nystagmus and lean nystagmus did not significantly differ from that of NP (all p > 0.05). However, the accuracy rate of lateralization through the sides with more vigorous DCPN in the SRT was 63.5%, significantly lower than through NP (p < 0.001). Particularly in patients with supine positioning nystagmus (n = 75), the rate was only 58.7% (p < 0.001). However, the rate was 100% in patients without supine positioning nystagmus (n = 10). Among the 70 patients who underwent caloric testing, 37 had abnormal CP, and the sides of the reduced caloric reaction were ipsilateral to the affected sides of the light cupula in 83.8% of the patients. Conclusion Besides utilizing the NP to determine the affected side, the fast phase direction of the bow nystagmus or lean nystagmus can also aid in identification. However, a simple comparison of the intensity of DCPN in SRT cannot provide accurate lateralization, especially in patients with supine positioning nystagmus. There is a high incidence of CP on the affected side of the light cupula.
The Stated and Hidden Expectations: Applying Natural Language Processing Techniques to Understand Postdoctoral Job Postings

This paper represents recent work applying natural language processing (NLP) techniques to generate insights on postdoc experiences from the job postings in engineering and computer science (CS). Postdoctoral positions are one of the important components of the academic career pipeline. It offers signiﬁcant educational and professional opportunities, however, limited research has been focused on postdocs, especially in the ﬁeld of engineering and CS with signiﬁcant gender disparities in postdoc and faculty positions. In this work, we explore NLP techniques to analyze the job postings for recruiting engineering and CS postdocs in the U.S. We utilized a Knowledge, Skills, and Attributes (KSAs) framework to characterize the KSAs as the stated expectations noted in job postings. Our results revealed that communication skills, academic writing, and computational proﬁciency are most frequently required KSAs. We also discovered that postdoctoral scholar postings are vague, often lacking stated speciﬁc skills necessary for the position which may discourage potential applicants. By applying the lexicon-based gender coding method on job postings, we disclosed that the majority of the postdoc job postings tend to use gendered language. Our ﬁndings indicated that it is important to neutralize the masculine language used in job postings, to explicitly include more KSAs, and to clearly state expectations for positions to encourage underrepresented populations’ participation and to support sustainable academic career development for postdocs in engineering and CS.
Storing beetle-killed logs under snow to reduce losses after mountain pine beetle attack

Résumé. iii Key Points.iv Introduction.1 Souces of Information.3 Discussion.3 Shelf life and storage of beetle-killed timber.3 State of the Pine Forest.4 Potential Roles for Cold Storage.7 Storage to prevent or delay insect development and assist spread control.7 Short-term storage to maintain log quality and capture highest-value returns.9 Long-term storage to extend shelf-life of high-value timber assets and soften social, environmental and economic impact on affected areas.12 Summary and Conclusions.17 Literature Cited.19
Structural Features of the Cardia Gastric Region in Domestic Rabbits

The knowledge of normal microscopical peculiarities of the digestive system in mammals is essential, but information regarding certain structures is still scarce in numerous species. Our study aims to highlight the normal morphological features of the cardia region in domestic rabbits, as regards the overall appearance, structure, and dimensions of the gastric pits, including a description of the cells located in gastric glands. The cardia region of five domestic rabbits underwent tissue sampling, followed by fixation in 10% buffered formalin, paraffin embedding, and later sectioned at 5 µm in thickness. Eventually, the samples were stained by Goldner’s trichrome method. The microscopical examination has revealed the presence of gastric pits and glands in the entire cardia region of the rabbit, with a different morphological appearance from one zone to another. Gastric pits have the smallest depth immediately after the oesophagogastric junction, which gradually increases and decreases afterwards as it approaches the fundic zone. The gastric glands contain basically four cell types in various proportions, including serous cells, mucous cells, parietal cells, and chief cells. Other peculiarities of the gastric mucosa in the cardia region in rabbits include a thick mucosa with a loose and prominent lamina propria, and an ill-defined muscularis mucosae that is not organized in distinct layers as in other species. The detailed microanatomical structure of the cardia region of the stomach is necessary for understanding the digestion processes in rabbits, species used as a model in diverse fields of research including the pathology of the digestive system.
New U-Pb dates show a Paleogene origin for the modern Asian biodiversity hot spots

Yunnan, in southwestern China, straddles two of the world’s most important biodiversity hot spots (i.e., a biogeographic region that is both a reservoir of biodiversity and threatened with destruction) and hosts more than 200 fossiliferous sedimentary basins documenting the evolutionary history of that biodiversity, monsoon development, and regional elevation changes. The fossil biotas appear modern and have been assumed to be mostly Miocene in age. Dating has been by cross-correlation using palynology, magnetostratigraphy, and lithostratigraphy because numerical radiometric ages are lacking. Here we report the first unequivocal early Oligocene age (33–32 Ma) of a section in the Lühe Basin (25.141627°N, 101.373840°E, 1890 m above mean sea level), central Yunnan, based on U-Pb zircon dates of unreworked volcanic ash layers in a predominantly lacustrine succession hosting abundant plant and animal fossils. This section, located in Lühe town, is correlated with an adjacent section in the Lühe coal mine previously assigned to the upper Miocene based on regional lithostratigraphic comparison. Our substantially older age for the Lühe town section calls into question previous estimates for the surface uplift and climate history of the area, and the age of all other correlative basins. The modernization of the biota ~20 m.y. earlier than previously thought overturns existing concepts of vegetation history in southwestern China, and points to Paleogene modernization of the biota in Yunnan and associated Asian biodiversity hot spots.
Perspectives on the Geomorphic Evolution and Ecology of Modified Channels and Two-Stage Ditches in the Agriculturally-Dominated Midwestern United States

II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . VI VITA . VIII LIST OF TABLES . XIII LIST OF FIGURES . XXI CHAPTER 1. WATER RESOURCES AND AGRICULTURAL DITCH MANAGEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, PERSPECTIVES FROM OHIO .
Different sensitivities of litter decomposition and nutrient release to ultraviolet radiation

Abstract. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays an important role in litter decomposition. Despite years of research, it is still not fully understood that the role of UV radiation in litter decomposition and carbon (C) and nutrient release, as well as the direct (litter decay directly exposed to UV) and indirect (plants received UV during growth) effects. In this study, a meta-analysis that comprised 54 published studies concerning UV radiation experiments, including 598 observations, was performed to quantify the responses of litter decomposition and C and nutrient release to UV radiation. The direct and indirect effects of UV-B enhancement on litter decomposition did not differ, but the direct effects of litter weight loss were more sensitive than the indirect effects under UV attenuation. Changes in UV radiation did not affect litter decomposition under laboratory conditions, but litter type only affected the rate of decomposition. In addition, the weight loss under UV radiation exhibited three-stage temporal dynamics: UV enhancement accelerated litter decomposition but required UV accumulation, whereas the UV attenuation effect decreased with time. The litter decomposition rates increased with decreasing precipitation (
Trunk Muscle Activity and Ratio of Local Muscle to Global Muscle Activity during Supine Bridge Exercises under Unstable Conditions in Young Participants with and without Chronic Low Back Pain

Core exercises on an unstable surface increase trunk muscle activity, especially for local muscle groups. Therefore, there is a possibility that exercises on an unstable surface would be effective in the rehabilitation of non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). The present study assessed trunk muscle activities during bridge exercise on the floor and two kinds of unstable surfaces, i.e., a balance ball and the BOSU, for individuals with and without NSCLBP. This study enrolled 17 and 18 young participants with and without NSCLBP, respectively. In the balance ball condition, both groups showed a significant increase in erector spinae activity compared to the floor condition, and the increase in activity was significantly greater in the NSCLBP group than in the control group (p = 0.038). On the other hand, neither group showed significant changes in trunk muscle activities in the BOSU condition compared to those in the floor condition. The control group showed a significant increase in internal oblique/transversus abdominis activity under the balance ball condition (p = 0.020), whereas there were no significant changes in these muscle activities between the balance ball and floor conditions in the NSCLBP group. The present study showed that participants with NSCLBP significantly increased muscle activity of the erector spinae, one of the global back muscles, on the balance ball in spite of small effects on muscle activity of the internal oblique/transversus abdominis, which is one of the local abdominal muscles. Therefore, attention should be paid to the application of bridge exercises on the balance ball for individuals with NSCLBP.
Mixup-Based Neural Network for Image Restoration and Structure Prediction From SEM Images

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been widely used for the semiconductor industry since it provides high-resolution (HR) details of the semiconductor. However, there is a gap in research for various tasks (i.e., image restoration (IR) and structure prediction) in SEM datasets collected under various conditions. Therefore, we introduce a new SEM dataset with diverse characteristics such as energy, noise, current with various levels for IR, and structure prediction. Furthermore, we propose a new deep-learning-based method for this dataset. The method consists of two stages: IR stage and structure prediction stage. In the IR stage, we design the transformer-based architecture to use pixel information widely. In the structure prediction stage, we introduce a novel training algorithm, SEMixup, and a novel CNN-based network, SEM structure prediction network (SEM-SPNet). Specifically, SEMixup overcomes the generalization and robustness of SEM-SPNet by implicitly interpolating a pair of samples and their labels. Experiments demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art results across all dataset conditions. This work expands the possibilities of SEM image analysis using deep learning, contributing to the semiconductor industry.
Effect of Rapeseed Imidazoline Addition on the Properties of Lab-Aged 35/50 Pen Grade Bitumen

For the successful reuse of old asphalt as reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) added to new bituminous mixtures, it is necessary to improve some of its properties. This can be attained, for example, by adding an appropriate rejuvenator. The aim of this study was to evaluate the properties of lab-aged 35/50 pen grade bitumen rejuvenated with the addition of two varieties of rapeseed imidazoline. Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and ductilometer tests were further conducted to evaluate the properties of bituminous binders at the intermediate operating temperature of road pavements. The obtained results demonstrated a beneficial effect of rapeseed imidazoline on the properties of the tested pen grade bitumen after ageing when added at a rate of 6% or more. This effect was the most pronounced in the case of the fatigue cracking critical temperature (FCCT), where a lower value was obtained for the aged and rejuvenated 35/50 bitumen than for the same bitumen before ageing. The tensile curves developed from the results of the tensile force tests using the ductilometer confirmed the previous conclusions from the measurements using the DSR. However, the original plastic behaviour of the aged pen grade bitumen was restored only through the addition of rapeseed imidazoline at a rate of 8%.