Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Average Deviation Indices for Estimating Interrater Agreement

In this investigation, the authors report the results of two studies designed to investigate the efficacy of two proposed indices of interrater agreement based on average deviations from the mean and from the median (ADM and ADMd, respectively). Using survey response data collected from 6,549 sales employees in 119 stores of a national retail company, Study 1 compared the results of six interrater agreement indices across four types of Likert-type response scales (i.e., 5-, 6-, 7-, and 11-point scales). The results indicated that the AD indices were highly correlated with an index of proportional agreement and with within-group interrater agreement indices. Study 2, based on survey data collected from 4,158 sales employees in 109 other stores of this company, constructively replicated Study 1 and examined the consistency of interrater agreement decisions across six indices with respect to a priori decision rules. Study 2 results also supported the use of AD indices. Practical issues concerning the use of AD indices for estimating interrater agreement and future research directions are discussed.
Supercyclic Subspaces: Spectral Theory and Weighted Shifts

Abstract A vector x in a Banach space B is called hypercyclic for a bounded operator T if the orbit { T n x : n ⩾0} is dense in B . If the scalar multiples of the elements in the orbit are dense, then the vector x is called supercyclic. We give a general sufficient condition for a bounded operator on a Banach space to have an infinite-dimensional closed subspace of supercyclic vectors. As a consequence, we also obtain a spectral sufficient condition for the existence of such a subspace for an operator. These results allow us to characterize unilateral and bilateral weighted shifts that have an infinite dimensional closed subspace of supercyclic vectors. Surprisingly, there are weighted shift operators that have supercyclic vectors, but in which all closed subspaces of supercyclic vectors are finite dimensional. Our results complement recent work on hypercyclic subspaces and supercyclic subspaces. They also suggest that the problem of the existence of infinite dimensional closed subspaces of supercyclic vectors is not only different, but also more difficult to handle than the corresponding problem for hypercyclic vectors.
Radiative lifetimes, branching fractions, transition probabilities and oscillator strengths of even-parity levels for Eu II

Radiative lifetimes for 30 even-parity levels in the 4f 6 5d6s, 4f 6 5d 2 and 4f 8 conﬁgurations with the energy range between 34923.43 and 57388.87 cm − 1 of Eu II were measured by time-resolved laser-induced ﬂuorescence (TR-LIF) method. Branching fraction measurements of seven levels for Eu II were performed based on the emission spectrum of a hollow cathode lamp. By combining the measured lifetimes and the branching fractions, ab-solute transition probabilities and oscillator strengths for 18 transitions were derived. The obtained results were compared with published data, and a basically good agreement was achieved.
Automorphisms of one-sided subshifts of finite type

Abstract We prove that the automorphism group of a one-sided subshift of finite type is generated by elements of finite order. For one-sided full shifts we characterize the finite subgroups of the automorphism group. For one-sided subshifts of finite type we show that there are strong restrictions on the finite subgroups of the automorphism group.
ASCA Deep Survey in the Lockman Hole Field

We present the results of deep observations of the Lockman Hole field with the ASCA SIS, covering 926arcmin in the 1–7 keV energy range, with a sensitivity 3–5 times deeper than the previous ASCA larger area surveys. Utilizing the results of the ROSAT Ultra Deep survey, we have detected 32, 25, and 15 sources in the 1–7, 1–2, and 2–7 keV bands, and only 4, 4, and 1 sources remain unidentified, respectively. The average hardness of the sources detected in the 1–7 keV band with fluxes of between 10−14 and 10−13 ergcm−2 s−1 corresponds to a photon index of 1.65± 0.10. Type-2 AGNs show significantly harder spectra than type-1s, which can be explained by absorption column densities of NH 1022−23 cm−2 at the source redshifts. Fifteen sources are detected in the hard-band (2–7 keV), consisting of six type-1 AGNs, six type-2 AGNs, one star, one cluster of galaxies, and one unidentified source. Type-2 AGNs make up a major part of hard X-ray populations in the 2–7 keV band at a flux level of 3× 10−14 ergcm−2 s−1 (2–7 keV). The redshift distributions of type-1 and type-2 AGNs suggest a lack of high luminosity (optically-defined) type-2 AGNs with intrinsicNH < 1023 cm−2, in the redshift range z 1–2 and/or with intrinsic luminosities larger than 3× 1044 ergs−1 (2–10 keV at source frame).
Theory of optimal blocking of $2^{n-m}$ designs

In this paper, we define the blocking wordlength pattern of a blocked fractional factorial design by combining the wordlength patterns of treatment-defining words and block-defining words. The concept of minimum aberration can be defined in terms of the blocking wordlength pattern and provides a good measure of the estimation capacity of a blocked fractional factorial design. By blending techniques of coding theory and finite projective geometry, we obtain combinatorial identities that govern the relationship between the blocking wordlength pattern of a blocked 2' 'design and the split wordlength pattern of its blocked residual design. Based on these identities, we establish general rules for identifying minimum aberration blocked 2"" designs in terms of their blocked residual designs. Using these rules, we study the structures of some blocked 27 ' designs with minimum aberration.
Three-Dimensional Interaction between a Planet and an Isothermal Gaseous Disk. I. Corotation and Lindblad Torques and Planet Migration

Gravitational interaction between a planet and a three-dimensional isothermal gaseous disk is studied. In the present paper we mainly examine the torque on a planet and the resultant radial migration of the planet. A planet excites density waves at Lindblad and corotation resonances and experiences a negative torque by the density waves, which causes a rapid inward migration of the planet during its formation in a protoplanetary disk. We formulate the linear wave excitation in three-dimensional isothermal disks and calculate the torques of Lindblad resonances and corotation resonances. For corotation resonances, a general torque formula is newly derived, which is also applicable to two-dimensional disks. The new formula succeeds in reproducing numerical results on the corotation torques, which do not agree with the previously well-known formula. The net torque of the inner and the outer Lindblad resonances (i.e., the differential Lindblad torque) is caused by asymmetry such as the radial pressure gradient and the scale height variation. In three-dimensional disks, the differential Lindblad torques are generally smaller than those in two-dimensional disks. Especially, the effect of a pressure gradient becomes weak. The scale height variation, which is a purely three-dimensional effect, makes the differential Lindblad torque decrease. As a result, the migration time of a planet is obtained as of the order of 106 yr for an Earth-size planet at 5 AU for a typical disk model, which is longer than the result of two-dimensional calculation by the factor of 2 or 3. The reflected waves from disk edges, which are neglected in the torque calculation, can further weaken the disk-planet interaction.
An Artificial Neural Network with Chaotic Oscillator for Wind Shear Alerting

AbstractCurrent research based on various approaches including the use of numerical weather prediction models, statistical models, and machine learning models have provided some encouraging results in the area of long-term weather forecasting. But at the level of mesoscale and even microscale severe weather phenomena (involving very short-term chaotic perturbations) such as turbulence and wind shear phenomena, these approaches have not been so successful. This research focuses on the use of chaotic oscillatory-based neural networks for the study of a mesoscale weather phenomenon, namely, wind shear, a challenging and complex meteorological problem that has a vital impact on aviation safety. Using lidar data collected at the Hong Kong International Airport via the Hong Kong Observatory, it is possible to forecast the Doppler velocities with satisfactory accuracy and validate the prediction model with the potential to generate the wind shear alert. Experimental results are found to be comparable to the actu.
FILAMENTATION AND SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION DURING THE PROPAGATION OF POWERFUL ULTRASHORT LASER PULSES IN OPTICAL MEDIA (WHITE LIGHT LASER)

The fundamental physical mechanism responsible for the self-focussing, filamentation, supercontinuum generation and conical emission of a powerful ultrashort laser pulse in a transparent optical medium is reviewed. The propagation can be described by the model of moving focus modified by the defocussing effect of the self-induced plasma through multiphoton interaction with the medium. Spatial and temporal self-phase modulation in both the neutral Kerr medium and the plasma transform the pulse into a chirped (elongated) and strongly deformed pulse both temporally and spatially. The manifestation of the deformation is supercontinuum generation and conical emission. A new phenomenon of refocussing was observed. It is due to the diffraction of the trailing part of the pulse by the plasma that results in a ring structure of positive index changes surrounding the plasma column. This ring structure refocuses the pulse partially. The measured coherence lengths of the various frequencies components of the supercontinuum are independent of the optical media used and are essentially equal to that of the pump laser pulse when compared to an incoherent white light source. We thus justify that such a deformed pulse with a very broad spectrum could be called a chirped white light laser pulse.
COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS FOR ASSEMBLING APTITUDE TEST BATTERIES

Summary A factored battery of thirteen aptitude tests was administered to samples of approximately 200 journeyman employees in each of twelve blue collar job series. Performance ratings were obtained from the employees' first and second level supervisors. Three basic methods for selecting and weighting tests from the aptitude battery were compared. The tests were selected on the basis of results obtained on one sample of employees in each job series and then applied to the second or independent sample to test the significance of the validity coefficients. The three test selection methods utilized were: (1) Wherry-Gaylord Integral Gross Score Weight Method, which involves selecting and multiple weighting tests according to their intercorrelations and correlations with a criterion. In addition, tests selected and multiple weighted by the Wherry-Gaylord method for the jobs were also weighted by their standard deviation by adding raw scores. (2) Civil Service Commission (CSC) Job Analysis Method, which involves equally weighting tests selected for a job series according to the validity of the tests for measuring the rated important employee abilities. (3) General Blue Collar Test Battery, which involves equally weighting the five tests that yielded the highest average correlation with the criterion for all jobs on the test selection sample. This battery was then utilized for all twelve job series. The tests selected and the weights applied for the twelve jobs by utilizing the test selection methods were indicated, also the validity coefficients obtained by applying the different patterns to the cross-validation samples were tabulated. The criterion ratings yielded an average Spearman-Brown estimated product-moment reliability of . 675. All but four of the 36 cross-validation coefficients were significant at least at the . 05 level. Most of the differences in the cross-validity coefficients were due to the different jobs on which the three test weighting methods were applied rather than the test weighting methods. Also, a comparison of the Wherry-Gaylord multiple formulas with the same tests unit weighted for the cross-validation sample revealed that unit weighting the tests was as effective as using multiple weights. It appears that one test selection method is as effective as another for the number of subjects, job series, and test selection and weighting methods utilized in these studies. The implications of these results are discussed.
Internal Heat Generation Effect on Thermal Boundary Layer with a Convective Surface Boundary Condition

In this study, we examine the combined effects of internal heat generation and a convective boundary condition on the laminar boundary layer flow over a flat plate. It is assumed that lower surface of the plate is in contact with a hot fluid while a stream of cold fluid flows steadily over the upper surface with a heat source that decays exponentially. Using a similarity variable, the governing non-linear partial differential equations have been transformed into a set of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically by applying shooting iteration technique together with fourth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. The effects of Prandtl number, local Biot number, and the internal heat generation parameter on the velocity and temperature profiles are illustrated and interpreted in physical terms. A comparison with previously published results on special case of the problem shows excellent agreement
High Tunnel Magnetoresistance at Room Temperature in Fully Epitaxial Fe/MgO/Fe Tunnel Junctions due to Coherent Spin-Polarized Tunneling

We fabricated fully epitaxial Fe(001)/MgO(001)/Fe(001) magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) and observed a magneto-resistance (MR) ratio of 88% at T = 293 K (146% at T = 20 K), the highest value yet reported. The origin of the high MR ratio is not the diffusive tunneling of Julliere's model but the coherent spin-polarized tunneling in epitaxial MTJs, in which only the electrons with totally symmetric wave functions with respect to the barrier-normal axis can tunnel. The bias-voltage dependence of the MR was very small, resulting in a high output voltage of 380 mV. This high voltage will help overcome problems in the development of high-density magnetoresistive random-access-memory (MRAM).
Composite nonlinear feedback controller design for an overhead crane servo system

This paper investigates the design of a composite nonlinear feedback (CNF) control law for an overhead crane servo system to improve the transient performance of both displacement tracking of the trolley and anti-sway of the payload. To address the property of underactuation of the overhead crane system, a novel nonlinear function of the CNF control law is specifically proposed to compromise the tracking performance of the trolley and the anti-sway performance of the payload. The performance improvement in both tracking of the trolley and anti-sway of the payload is illustrated with a complete comparison between the CNF control method and the trajectory planning method, which has been proposed in recent literature. The simulation results show that this well-tuned CNF control law can significantly shorten the settling time of the trolley displacement tracking and reduce the sway of the payload.
An axisymmetric Boussinesq wave

An axisymmetric gravity wave, for which each of nonlinearity, dispersion and radial spreading is weak but significant, is determined as a similarity solution with slowly varying amplitude $\frac{3}{4}{\cal S}a $ and length scale l, where $a/d \propto (r/d)^{\frac{2}{3}}, l/d \propto (r/d)^{\frac{1}{3}}, r$ is the radius, d is the depth, and [Sscr ] is the family parameter of the solutions. It is shown that the free-surface displacement η(r,t) is either a wave of elevation (η ≥ 0) or a wave of depression (η ≤ 0) and that (|η|/)½ satisfies a Painlevé equation that is a nonlinear generalization of Airy's equation. Representative numerical solutions and asymptotic approximations for small and large [Sscr ] are presented. It is shown that the similarity solution conserves energy but not mass, in consequence of which (in order to obtain a complete solution to a well-posed initial-value problem) it must either be accompanied by some other component or components or be driven by a source (or sink) in some interior domain in which the implicit restriction r [Gt ] d is violated. A linear model is developed that is valid for r [lsim ] d and compensates for the mass defect of, and matches, the nonlinear similarity solution for |[Sscr ]| [Lt ] 1.
The theory of microwave line-of-sight propagation through a turbulent atmosphere

In this paper the covariance and spectra for amplitude and phase fluctuations for a microwave signal propagated over a line-of-sight path through a turbulent medium are calculated. It is shown that the results derived under the assumption that the wavelength is much smaller than the inner scale of turbulence l_{0} are also valid when the wavelength is equal to or greater than l_{0} .
Experimental and numerical investigation of an axisymmetric supersonic jet

A comprehensive study of a steady axisymmetric supersonic jet of CO2, including experiment, theory, and numerical calculation, is presented. The experimental part, based on high-sensitivity Raman spectroscopy mapping, provides absolute density and rotational temperature maps covering the significant regions of the jet: the zone of silence, barrel shock, Mach disk, and subsonic region beyond the Mach disk. The interpretation is based on the quasi-gasdynamic (QGD) system of equations, and its generalization (QGDR) considering the translational–rotational breakdown of thermal equilibrium. QGD and QGDR systems of equations are solved numerically in terms of a finite-difference algorithm with the steady state attained as the limit of a time-evolving process. Numerical results show a good global agreement with experiment, and provide information on those quantities not measured in the experiment, like velocity field, Mach numbers, and pressures. According to the calculation the subsonic part of the jet, downstream of the Mach disk, encloses a low-velocity recirculation vortex ring.
Neutral density response to the solar flares of October and November, 2003

In this paper we report the first measurements of the thermosphere neutral density response to a solar EUV flare. Two X17 flares are considered: The first on 28 October, 2003, and the second on 4 November, 2003. The density measurements are provided by accelerometers on the GRACE and CHAMP satellites near 490 km and 400 km, respectively. X‐ray fluxes are provided by GOES‐12, and EUV fluxes by the SEE instrument on TIMED. The thermosphere density increases associated with the first flare are about 50–60% at low to mid‐latitudes. The time to peak response is 72 ± 47 minutes with respect to the peak EUV flux emitted by the flare, while the recovery to prior quiescent levels takes nearly 12 hours with an approximate decay time constant of 8 hours. The response to the second flare is about 35–45% with similar response and recovery times. The above density enhancements correspond to exosphere temperature increases of about 125–175 K and 100–125 K, respectively. These results provide new opportunities for the testing and validation of models over time scales similar to those of basic mechanisms governing the thermosphere response, such as thermal conduction, radiative cooling, and restoration of diffusive equilibrium.
Rocking vibration of a rigid circular disc in a transversely isotropic full‐space

In this paper, forced rocking vibration of a rigid circular disc placed in a transversely isotropic full‐space, where the axis of material symmetry of the full‐space is normal to the surface of the plate, is analytically investigated. Because of using the Fourier series and Hankel integral transforms, the mixed boundary‐value problem is transformed into two separate pairs of integral equations called dual integral equations. The dual integral equations involved in this paper are reduced to Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. With the aid of contour integration, the governing integral equation is numerically evaluated in the general dynamic case. The reduced static case of the dual integral equations is solved analytically and the vertical displacement, the contact pressure and the static impedance/compliance function are explicitly determined, and it is shown that the pressure in between the plate and the full‐space and the compliance function reduced for isotropic half‐space are identical to the previously published solutions. The dynamic contact pressure in between the disc and the space and also the related impedance function are numerically evaluated in general dynamic case and illustrated. It is shown that the singularity exists in the contact pressure at the edge of the disc is the same as the static case. To show the effect of material anisotropy, the numerical evaluations are given for some different transversely isotropic materials and compared. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competing Species: Integrability and Stability

Abstract We examine the classical model of two competing species for integrability in terms of analytic functions by means of the Painlevé analysis. We find that the governing equations are integrable for certain values of the essential parameters of the system. We find that, for all integrable cases with the nontrivial equilibrium point in the physically acceptable region, the nontrivial equilibrium point is stable.
Spatial prediction in the presence of positional error

Standard analyses of spatial data assume that measurement and prediction locations are measured precisely. In this paper we consider how appropriate methods of estimation and prediction change when this assumption is relaxed and the locations are subject to positional error. We describe basic models for positional error and assess their impact on spatial prediction. Using both simulated data and lead concentration pollution data from Galicia, Spain, we show how the predictive distributions of quantities of interest change after allowing for the positional error, and describe scenarios in which positional errors may affect the qualitative conclusions of an analysis. The subject of positional error is of particular relevance in assessing the exposure of an individual to an environmental pollutant when the position of the individual is tracked using imperfect measurement technology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Large Scale 12CO (J=1−0) Survey toward the Chamaeleon Region with NANTEN

We carried out a large-scale survey for molecular clouds in CO (J = 1–0) emission toward the Chamaeleon region with the NANTEN 4-meter radio telescope at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. The survey covered ∼ 491 deg toward 284◦ l 320◦ and −34◦ b −6◦ at an 8′ grid spacing. The total molecular mass in the observed area is estimated to be ∼ 8300M . More than 60% of the total mass is concentrated in and around the previously known Cha I, II, and III dark clouds. Two cloud complexes having molecular hydrogen masses of ∼ 430M and∼ 1300M , respectively, have been found at∼ 10◦ galactic-east of the Chamaeleon major clouds. We have identified a prominent filament extending from Cha I to the galactic-east direction, which is remarkably long ( 40pc) compared with filamentary features found in other dark-cloud complexes. A correlation study between the CO distribution and isolated X-ray emitting T Tauri stars (TTSs) indicates that 65% of the TTSs are located within 1 pc of the CO cloud boundaries. This suggests that low-density parental molecular gas still remains around the isolated TTSs, although the dense parts with density greater than 103 cm−3 have almost dissipated. This provides further support for the local formation of “isolated” T Tauri stars in small clouds.