Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A catchment‐scale assessment of anabranching in the 143 000 km2 Fitzroy River catchment, north‐eastern Australia

This paper presents a catchment‐scale investigation of anabranching in the moderately large 143 000 km2 Fitzroy River catchment in north‐eastern Australia. The primary aim is to determine whether mapped and remotely sensed data can provide useful information about the characteristics of anabranching in a catchment of this scale. Anabranching comprises 6% of the total channel network by length, and 24% of higher‐order channels (those with catchment areas over 100 km2). Three anabranching planform morphologies are described, which occur in geographically distinct regions, and add to previous descriptions of anabranching rivers. Sinuosity and link length are calculated for all channels of the mapped channel network (a link is a stretch of river between two stream junctions). Slope, mean floodplain width, mean annual rainfall and underlying and catchment geology parameters are calculated for links of a stream network derived from a digital elevation model (DEM), in which each link has either a single channel or anabranching morphology. Anabranching and single channel links do not occupy different ranges of attribute values, and a logistic regression analysis was unable to predict anabranching. However, slope, catchment area, mean floodplain width, length and sinuosity parameters all have significantly different means when comparing single channel with anabranching links, although it is shown that the difference in mean floodplain widths is the result of its correlation with catchment area. Anabranching channels have a tendency towards shorter link lengths, lower sinuosities and lower valley slopes and occur at larger catchment areas than single channels. These differences are discussed in the context of published hypotheses regarding the cause of anabranching. However, the spatial resolution and precision of our data limit our ability to investigate controls on anabranching, which will require detailed measurement of variables at a reach scale. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hercynian Fe-Mg Metasomatism in Cornwall: A Reinterpretation

In connection with a recent investigation of the geochemical changes leading up to granitization, the writer (Reynolds, 1946) had occasion to plot the chemical analyses of the rocks of the Kenidjack and Botallack region, Cornwall (Tilley and Flett, 1930; Tilley, 1935) on a von Wolff diagram. Since the diagram required somewhat lengthy discussion, however, it was not included in the geochemical paper. The diagram is nevertheless of interest because it presents in a new form the problem of the genetic associations of these curious rocks, characterized as they are by anthophyllite, cummingtonite, cordierite, and grunerite, and provides useful hints which might form a basis for further field investigations in Cornwall. The present paper, offering tentative interpretations of some of the Cornish rocks, is written in the hope of focusing attention on the petrogenetic significance of this region, and thus of stimulating detailed investigations, with strict correlation between field observations and chemical analyses, by which means alone the problems presented can be solved.
Turbulent flow in a depth‐limited boundary layer

Turbulent flow was investigated at a constant flow Reynolds number in a depth-limited boundary layer. Relative roughness was 0.12. Roughness density (ratio of plan area of elements to total bed area) was varied to cover the range of flow types described by Morris [1955]. The effect of roughness density on velocity profile shape factors, energy dissipation, and streamwise kinetic energy confirmed the existence of three types of roughness density-flow interaction, namely, ‘skimming,’ ‘wake interaction,’ and ‘isolated roughness’ flows. The velocity profiles and kinetic energy measures identified three layers in the vertical profile: an outer layer (y/D > 0.35), a wake layer (0.35 > y/D > 0.10), and an inner region (y/D < 0.10). The wake layer is produced by strong turbulent action accompanying vortex shedding at intermediate roughness densities. Spectral measurements and calculations of the turbulent macroscale indicated that the spectral shape is affected by the free surface but that below y/D = 0.5 a parametric model using the turbulent Reynolds number in the spectral energy equation adequately describes the spectral shape for all roughness densities. Implications of these results are discussed for the study of shallow, natural flows with high relative roughness.
Domain architecture and protein–protein interactions regulate KDM5A recruitment to the chromatin

ABSTRACT Tri-methylation of Histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) is an important epigenetic modification whose deposition and removal can affect the chromatin at structural and functional levels. KDM5A is one of the four known H3K4-specific demethylases. It is a part of the KDM5 family, which is characterized by a catalytic Jumonji domain capable of removing H3K4 di- and tri-methylation marks. KDM5A has been found to be involved in multiple cellular processes such as differentiation, metabolism, cell cycle, and transcription. Its link to various diseases, including cancer, makes KDM5A an important target for drug development. However, despite several studies outlining its significance in various pathways, our lack of understanding of its recruitment and function at the target sites on the chromatin presents a challenge in creating effective and targeted treatments. Therefore, it is essential to understand the recruitment mechanism of KDM5A to chromatin, and its activity therein, to comprehend how various roles of KDM5A are regulated. In this review, we discuss how KDM5A functions in a context-dependent manner on the chromatin, either directly through its structural domain, or through various interacting partners, to bring about a diverse range of functions.
Provoked overt recognition in acquired prosopagnosia using multiple different images of famous faces

ABSTRACT Provoked overt recognition refers to the fact that patients with acquired prosopagnosia can sometimes recognize faces when presented in arrays of individuals from the same category (e.g., actors or politicians). We ask whether a prosopagnosic patient might experience recognition when presented with multiple different images of the same face simultaneously. Over two sessions, patient Herschel, a 66-year-old British man with acquired prosopagnosia, viewed face images individually or in arrays. On several occasions he failed to recognize single photos of an individual but successfully identified that person when the same photos were presented together. For example, Herschel failed to recognize any individual images of King Charles or Paul McCartney but recognised both in arrays of the same photos. Like reports based on category membership, overt recognition was transient and inconsistent. These findings are discussed in terms of models of covert recognition, alongside more recent research on within-person variability for face perception.
Geophysical study of the East Pacific Rise 15°N-17°N : An unusually robust segment

Bathymetric, side-scan sonar, magnetic and gravity data from the East Pacific Rise (EPR) between 15° and 17°N are used to establish the spreading history and examine melt delivery to an unusually robust spreading segment. The axial ridge between the Orozco transform fault (15°30′N) and the 16°20′N overlapping spreading center (OSC) has an average elevation of 2300 m which is 300 m shallower than typical EPR depths, and its cross-sectional area is double the average value for the northern EPR. The total opening rate is 86 km/Myr, but the inflated segment appears to have spread faster to the east by more than 20% since 0.78 Ma. The orientation of magnetic isochrons and lineaments in the side-scan sonar indicates a ∼3° counterclockwise rotation of the spreading direction since 1.8 Ma (C2) and reflects a change in the Pacific-Cocos plate motion. The side-scan lineaments also show that the percentage of inward facing faults (83%) and the spacing between faults (1.5 km) are consistent with the spreading rate dependence shown by Carbotte and Macdonald [1994]. However, the mean fault length (4.8 km) is 1.5 km shorter than expected for the spreading rate and suggests that extensive off-axis volcanism has draped the faults. Gravity analysis shows that the inflated segment has a ∼12-mGal bull's eye shaped low in residual mantle Bouguer anomaly. We offer several possible end-member models for the anomaly, including a prism of 10% partial melt in the mantle and lower crust or a crustal thickness anomaly of 2.25 km. Kinematic modeling that is based on structure and magnetic data suggests that two large magmatic pulses occurred at approximately 0.8 Ma and 0.3 Ma and have reshaped the plate boundary geometry and inflated the segment.
The tumor suppressive effect and apoptotic mechanism of TRAIL gene‐containing recombinant NDV in TRAIL‐resistant colorectal cancer HT‐29 cells and TRAIL‐nonresistant HCT116 cells, with each cell bearing a mouse model

TRAIL is an anticancer drug that induces cancer cell apoptosis by interacting with death receptors (DRs). However, owing to low cell‐surface expression of DRs, certain colorectal cancer (CRC) cells resist TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection can elevate DR protein expression in cancer cells, potentially influencing their TRAIL sensitivity. However, the precise mechanism by which NDV infection modulates DR expression and impacts TRAIL sensitivity in cancer cells remains unknown.
Electron density and plasmapause characteristics at 6.6 RE : A statistical study of the GEOS 2 relaxation sounder data

On board the geostationary GEOS 2, a relaxation sounding (RS) experiment using a pulsed active wave technique has been operated in the frequency range 0.3--77 kHz. In situ measurements of the equatorial magnetospheric electron density at Lapprox. =6, obtained in the range from 0.1 to approx.100 cm/sup -3/ through on line data processing, are presented. The results from 4 months of routine operations (November 20, 1978--March 28, 1979) are statistically studied. Many features of the density distributions at 6.6 R/sub E/ displayed from GEOS 2 RS data corroborate the morphological characteristics evidenced in past experimental data sets of magnetospheric density, like those from ground-based whistler observation and from embarked particle experiments. In providing an improved accuracy-especially for the cold plasma density-and unique coverage in space and time, the GEOS 2 RS data set brings some extension of results. The average properties of different magnetospheric regions that can be sampled at 6.6 R/sub E/ with respect to LT are focused; the dayside plasma trough, with a few cm/sup -3/ typically, the plasmaspheric bulge (a few tens of cm/sup -3/) and the associated plasmapause crossings (variations in cm/sup -3/ per minute), and the geosynchronous nightside where the density fluctuates in the lowermore » range available (0.1--1 cm/sup -3/). The important contribution of cold plasma to the dayside magnetospheric density is reported. There are striking variabilities of the density distributions found from day to day, especially as far as the plasmaspheric bulge morphology is concerned. Relationships between geomagnetic activity and both the LT position and the LT width of the bulge are found. « less
Determinants of compliance to influenza and COVID-19 vaccination in a cohort of solid organ transplant patients in Puglia, Southern Italy (2017–2022)

ABSTRACT Influenza and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination are recommended in both solid organ transplant (SOT) candidates and recipients. In Puglia, Southern Italy, an active vaccination offer program has been activated targeting these patients. This study aims at investigating vaccination coverage (VC) for both vaccines in a SOT patients’ cohort, as well as at identifying the vaccination compliance determinant. This is a retrospective, population-based study. The study population consists of the SOT patients who accessed Bari’s “Policlinico” General Hospital during 2017–2022. Patients were contacted and, after providing their consent, asked their immunization status regarding influenza and COVID-19 and whether they had already undergone transplant or were waiting to do so. Regression models were fitted to investigate the determinants of VCs for influenza vaccination (2021/22 and 2022/23 seasons) and for COVID-19 vaccination (three-dose base cycle, first and second booster doses). Three-hundred and ten SOT patients were identified; 85.2% (264/310) had already undergone SOT. VCs were suboptimal, especially for constant yearly influenza vaccination (17.7%) and COVID-19 vaccination’s second booster (1.94%). Logistic regression highlighted that influenza VCs are higher for SOT recipients than SOT candidates, as well as for older patients, although when considering both vaccination seasons only age significantly impact the vaccination uptake. Older age was the only influential variable for COVID-19 VC. VCs for SOT patients seem to be unsatisfying. Stronger interventions are required.
Response of the equatorial ionosphere in the South Atlantic Region to the Great Magnetic Storm of July 15, 2000

The effects of the great magnetic storm of July 15, 2000 on the equatorial ionosphere have been studied by ground‐based and satellite in‐situ measurements. A large westward plasma drift in the evening equatorial ionosphere was observed as a result of the ionospheric disturbance dynamo. In that environment, the IMF Bz turned southward and presumably caused penetration of E‐fields to low latitudes. This E‐field initiated the onset of 250 MHz and L‐band scintillations at Ascension Island (15°W) and precipitous TEC decrease at Fortaleza, Brazil (38°W), bounding the narrow longitude region in the South Atlantic. These impulsive ionospheric effects were extremely well correlated with abrupt decreases of SYM‐H (1‐min resolution Dst). The DMSP in‐situ measurements showed the presence of severe ion density bite‐outs extending over 30° latitude in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly region. The ROCSAT‐1 satellite measured upward and large southward ion drifts in the same sector.
Geographical, historical and physical aspects of Lake George

The equatorial location gives to Lake George (surface area 250 km2) a climatic régime which makes for an exceptionally unvaried physico-chemical environment within the water mass throughout the year. This is enhanced by peculiarities of the local geomorphometry and the morphometry of the lake. Incident solar energy, according to 10-day running means, varies during the year only ± 13% of the daily mean of 1970 J cm-2. The mean air temperature of 23 °C is always equable (mean daily temperature = 29.5 ± 1.5 °C, mean nightly, 16.5 ± 1.5 °C), and is in equilibrium with the minimum water temperature of the bottom layers of the lake, the surface temperatures of which are usually about 30 °C. The effect of two, approximately equal, dry seasons is offset by the presence of mountainous catchment areas which have a high runoff and thus permit a continuous flow through the lake, which amounts to a mean flushing rate of 2.8 times the mean lake volume per year, so sustaining the supply of primary nutrients. These features promote a continuous productivity, although the allochthonous supplies of nutrients are not thought to be important compared to the total flux of nutrients within the lake. The wind régime, which is strongly influenced by local convectional rather than continental forces, assists convection currents in the water in effecting a nocturnal turbulence which provides an efficient recirculation of nutrients within the shallow water column (2.4 m). This turbulence, alternating with diurnal stratification, against the background of the relative constancy of the climate, means that the lake is dominated by a 24 h physiological cycle rather than the seasonal succession of other latitudes. Some evidence indicates that the concentric distribution of plankton in the lake is established by wind initiated rotary currents. Wave movements at the sediment/water interface are thought to disturb the majority of the sediment surface area possibly down to between 5 and 14 cm in depth, with a mean frequency of an order of magnitude of once every 3 weeks. Progressive organic enrichment has existed throughout the lake’s history (3600 ± 90 years), but during the last approximately 700 years an equilibrium appears to have been reached as shown by a retarded rate of change of organic deposition.
The Carthage-Colton Mylonite Zone (Adirondack Mountains, New York): The Site of a Cryptic Suture in the Grenville Orogen?

U-Pb ages were determined on metamorphic sphenes and monazites from the Late Proterozoic Adirondack Highlands and Lowlands in the vicinity of the Carthage-Colton mylonite zone. Monazites were extracted from metapelites, and sphenes were separated from marbles, calc-silicate gneisses, and granite gneisses in order to determine the timing and the duration of metamorphism as well as the cooling histories for rocks on either side of the mylonite zone. Monazite ages from the Lowlands range from 1171-1137 Ma; sphene ages in the Lowlands range from 1156-1103 Ma, those from the Highlands immediately to the east of the mylonite zone range from 1050-982 Ma. The ages indicate that the last high-grade metamorphism in the Highlands is ca. 100 m.y. younger than in the Lowlands and that both terranes had separate cooling histories at least until ca. 1000 Ma. Sphenes from within the Carthage-Colton mylonite zone yield ages of about 1098 Ma, which are distinct from sphene ages on either side of the shear zone. The mineral ages, structures, and metamorphic histories suggests that the Carthage-Colton mylonite zone is a fundamental tectonic boundary within the Proterozoic Grenville Orogen of North America.
Emotion dysregulation in bipolar disorder compared to other mental illnesses: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract People with bipolar disorder (BD) often present emotion dysregulation (ED), a pattern of emotional expression interfering with goal-directed behavior. ED is a transdiagnostic construct, and it is unclear whether it manifests itself similarly in other conditions, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) or borderline personality disorder (BPD), or has specific features in BD. The present systematic review and meta-analysis explored ED and adopted emotion regulation (ER) strategies in BD compared with other psychiatric conditions. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched from inception to April 28th, 2022. Studies implementing validated instruments assessing ED or ER strategies in BD and other psychiatric disorders were reviewed, and meta-analyses were conducted. Twenty-nine studies yielding multiple comparisons were included. BD was compared to MDD in 20 studies (n = 2451), to BPD in six studies (n = 1001), to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in three studies (n = 232), to anxiety disorders in two studies (n = 320), to schizophrenia in one study (n = 223), and to post-traumatic stress disorder in one study (n = 31). BD patients did not differ from MDD patients in adopting most adaptive and maladaptive ER strategies. However, small-to-moderate differences in positive rumination and risk-taking behaviors were observed. In contrast, patients with BPD presented an overall higher degree of ED and more maladaptive ER strategies. There were insufficient data for a meta-analytic comparison with other psychiatric disorders. The present report further supports the idea that ED is a transdiagnostic construct spanning a continuum across different psychiatric disorders, outlining specific clinical features that could represent potential therapeutic targets.
Impacts of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Sediment Yield in a Brazilian Amazon Drainage Basin

Land use and land cover changes have as consequences several social, economic, and environmental impacts. The understanding of these changes allows a better planning of public policies in order to map and monitor areas more susceptible to environmental problems. This research presents an analysis of the land use and land cover changes of a watershed region located in the Brazilian Amazon, and an evaluation of their impacts on sediment yield. Land use/land cover maps for each of the analyzed time periods (1973, 1984, and 2005) were compiled using images obtained by MSS/Landsat-1, TM/Landsat-5, and the MODIS/Terra sensors. The sediment yield modeling was performed by dividing the watershed into homogeneous subregions. Each of the subregions received average attributes that were used as input parameters for the Universal Soil Loss Equation. The results revealed that up to 2005, around 40% of the study area was already deforested, replaced by agricultural activities. In some parts of the watershed these changes were responsible for an increase of up to 7 ton/ha in annual average sediment yield. This study was successful in providing an assessment of the magnitude and spatial distribution of the changes.
Major Earthquakes of Chile: A Historical Survey, 1535-1960

This paper is an update of a 1970 publication, “Major Earthquakes and Tsunamis in Chile” (Lomnitz, 1970), which appeared in the Geologische Rundschau , now International Journal of Earth Sciences. The reference has always been hard to find and in recent years has become almost impossible to locate. Additionally, the database was overdue for revision in light of more recent results. The earlier conclusion of the paper, that “Chile emerges as perhaps the most highly seismic region in the world, with the possible exception of Japan”, still stands. One might add that Chilean earthquakes have provided data for important historical advances in the Earth sciences. For example, the 1835 earthquake in southern Chile was described by Darwin (1845) and has provided the earliest reliable observations of geodetic uplift along a subduction zone. The 1960 Chile earthquake ( Mw 9.5), possibly the largest earthquake in world history, continues to provide invaluable data and challenges for research. Tectonic changes in the coastal morphology of Chile may well be unique (Lomnitz, 1969). As part of a 5,000-km subduction system and with a subduction rate of more than 7 cm/year, Chile is located atop one of the most highly active subduction zones in the world. Available information on the history of earthquakes in Chile is limited. This is partly due to the nature of the terrain. The northern part of Chile is a desert, where rain falls about once every 25 years. The southern part is extremely rainy and is covered with a dense rain forest. Farther south along the coast one finds glaciers. The country is also wedged between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes Mountains. With the exception of a few scattered ports, most of the population lives in a narrow longitudinal valley between latitudes 32° and 45° south. I have experienced …