Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pressure Time Dose as a Representation of Intracranial Pressure Burden and Its Dependency on Intracranial Pressure Waveform Morphology at Different Time Intervals

Intracranial pressure (ICP) burden or pressure time dose (PTD) is a valuable clinical indicator for pending intracranial hypertension, mostly based on threshold exceedance. Pulse frequency and waveform morphology (WFM) of the ICP signal contribute to PTD. The temporal resolution of the ICP signal has a great influence on PTD calculation but has not been systematically studied yet. Hence, the temporal resolution of the ICP signal on PTD calculation is investigated. We retrospectively analysed continuous 48 h ICP recordings with high temporal resolution obtained from 94 patients at the intensive care unit who underwent neurosurgery due to an intracranial haemorrhage and received an intracranial pressure probe (43 females, median age: 72 years, range: 23 to 88 years). The cumulative area under the curve above the threshold of 20 mmHg was compared for different temporal resolutions of the ICP signal (beat-to-beat, 1 s, 300 s, 1800 s, 3600 s). Events with prolonged ICP elevation were compared to those with few isolated threshold exceedances. PTD increased for lower temporal resolutions independent of WFM and frequency of threshold exceedance. PTDbeat-to-beat best reflected the impact of frequency of threshold exceedance and WFM. Events that could be distinguished in PTDbeat-to-beat became magnified more than 7-fold in PTD1s and more than 104 times in PTD1h, indicating an overestimation of PTD. PTD calculation should be standardised, and beat-by-beat PTD could serve as an easy-to-grasp indicator for the impact of frequency and WFM of ICP elevations on ICP burden.
Stress, Burnout, and General Mental Health among Healthcare Workers in Poland during the Long-Lasting COVID-19 Pandemic

Medical professions are characterized by a great responsibility for human health and life; they are also vulnerable to burnout. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought new challenges and threats. This study aimed to assess the mental health of healthcare workers after a year and a half of working in COVID-19 pandemic conditions. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Link Burnout Questionnaire (LBQ), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were utilized in this cross-sectional investigation. A total of 335 healthcare employees from Polish hospitals (median age 44 years) filled out online questionnaires between the 16 August 2021 and the 30 March 2022. Most of the sample was female (86%). In this study, 40.0% of the surveyed healthcare workers reported a high stress intensity. Burnout was reported by 9.6% of the workers, and the most frequently experienced symptom was psychophysical exhaustion. Almost half of the healthcare workers surveyed (49.6%) reported health disorders at both the mental and physiological levels. Interestingly, working in a COVID-19 ward did not significantly differentiate healthcare workers in any of the evaluated variables: PSS-10 (gr. A F = 1.21; gr. B F = 0.71; p > 0.05), LBQ (gr. A F = 1.89, F = 0.94, F = 1.08, F = 2.57; gr. B F = 0.32, F = 1.14, F = 0.77, F = 0.36; p > 0.05), and GHQ-28 (gr. A F = 0.85, F = 0.52, F = 0.57, F = 0.31; gr. B F = 0.31, F = 0.06, F = 0.06, F = 0.54; p > 0.05). Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences between the compared occupational groups of healthcare workers: PSS-10 (F = 1.08; p > 0.05) and GHQ-28 (F = 1.78; F = 0.85; F = 0.62; F = 0.54; p > 0.05). The mental health of healthcare workers is alarming, and psychophysical conditions can affect the quality of work and relations with patients. Psychological care in workplaces and workshops that build resources for dealing with difficult situations are necessary.
Natural land carbon dioxide exchanges in the ECMWF integrated forecasting system: Implementation and offline validation

The European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts land surface model has been extended to include a carbon dioxide module. This relates photosynthesis to radiation, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, soil moisture, and temperature. Furthermore, it has the option of deriving a canopy resistance from photosynthesis and providing it as a stomatal control to the transpiration formulation. Ecosystem respiration is based on empirical relations dependent on temperature, soil moisture, snow depth, and land use. The CO2 model is designed for the numerical weather prediction (NWP) environment where it benefits from good quality meteorological input (i.e., radiation, temperature, and soil moisture). This paper describes the CO2 model formulation and the way it is optimized making use of off‐line simulations for a full year of tower observations at 34 sites. The model is then evaluated against the same observations for a different year. A correlation coefficient of 0.65 is obtained between model simulations and observations based on 10 day averaged CO2 fluxes. For sensible and latent heat fluxes there is a correlation coefficient of 0.80. To study the impact on atmospheric CO2, coupled integrations are performed for the 2003 to 2008 period. The global atmospheric growth is well reproduced. The simulated interannual variability is shown to reproduce the observationally based estimates with a correlation coefficient of 0.70. The main conclusions are (i) the simple carbon dioxide model is highly suitable for the numerical weather prediction environment where environmental factors are controlled by data assimilation, (ii) the use of a carbon dioxide model for stomatal control has a positive impact on evapotranspiration, and (iii) even using a climatological leaf area index, the interannual variability of the global atmospheric CO2 budget is well reproduced due to the interannual variability in the meteorological forcing (i.e., radiation, precipitation, temperature, humidity, and soil moisture) despite the simplified or missing processes. This highlights the importance of meteorological forcing but also cautions the use of such a simple model for process attribution.
Equation of state of CaSiO3 perovskite to 96 GPa

The CaSiO3 perovskite has been synthesized in a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell at initial pressures ranging from 15 to 85 GPa. Chemical microanalyses of the quenched product show negligible solubility in the CaSiO3 perovskite of aluminum from the ruby added for pressure measurements. The compression of CaSiO3 perovskite has been measured to 96 GPa with X-ray methods. The results do not show a significant deviation of Ko′ from 4, and with a Birch-Murnaghan equation of state we obtain a 1-bar molar volume Vo = 45.60 ± 0.10 A³ and a bulk modulus Ko = 275 ± 15 GPa. This perovskite may be an "invisible" component of the lower mantle in view of the similarity of its density with that given by the standard Earth model, PREM.
Deep Learning-Based Link Quality Estimation for RIS-Assisted UAV-Enabled Wireless Communications System

In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become a valuable platform for many applications, including communication networks. UAV-enabled wireless communication faces challenges in complex urban and dynamic environments. UAVs can suffer from power limitations and path losses caused by non-line-of-sight connections, which may hamper communication performance. To address these issues, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) have been proposed as helpful technologies to enhance UAV communication networks. However, due to the high mobility of UAVs, complex channel environments, and dynamic RIS configurations, it is challenging to estimate the link quality of ground users. In this paper, we propose a link quality estimation model using a gated recurrent unit (GRU) to assess the link quality of ground users for a multi-user RIS-assisted UAV-enabled wireless communication system. Our proposed framework uses a time series of user channel data and RIS phase shift information to estimate the quality of the link for each ground user. The simulation results showed that the proposed GRU model can effectively and accurately estimate the link quality of ground users in the RIS-assisted UAV-enabled wireless communication network.
Characterization of Lactobacilli Phage Endolysins and Their Functional Domains–Potential Live Biotherapeutic Testing Reagents

Phage endolysin-specific binding characteristics and killing activity support their potential use in biotechnological applications, including potency and purity testing of live biotherapeutic products (LBPs). LBPs contain live organisms, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and are intended for use as drugs. Our approach uses the endolysin cell wall binding domains (CBD) for LBP potency assays and the endolysin killing activity for purity assays. CBDs of the following five lactobacilli phage lysins were characterized: CL1, Jlb1, Lj965, LL-H, and ΦJB. They exhibited different bindings to 27 LAB strains and were found to bind peptidoglycan or surface polymers. Flow cytometry based on CBD binding was used to enumerate viable counts of two strains in the mixture. CL1-lys, jlb1-lys, and ΦJB-lys and their enzymatic domains (EADs) exhibited cell wall digestive activity and lytic activity against LAB. Jlb1-EAD and ΦJB-EAD were more sensitive than their respective hololysins to buffer pH and NaCl changes. The ΦJB-EAD exhibited stronger lytic activity than ΦJB-lys, possibly due to ΦJB-CBD-mediated sequestration of ΦJB-lys by cell debris. CBD multiplex assays indicate that these proteins may be useful LBP potency reagents, and the lytic activity suggests that CL1-lys, jlb1-lys, and ΦJB-lys and their EADs are good candidates for LBP purity reagent development.
Experimental fluvial geomorphology

The authors bring together the results of several years of experimental work in drainage basin evolution, hydrology, river-channel morphology, and sedimentology. These investigations are related to real-world applications, particularly geological exploration and mapping. This text shows how awareness of natural phenomena can improve management of the natural environment, such as the control of rivers and eroding gullies.
Possible Applications for a Biodegradable Magnesium Membrane in Alveolar Ridge Augmentation–Retrospective Case Report with Two Years of Follow-Up

Background and Objectives: A rigid, resorbable magnesium membrane was recently developed, combining the advantages of resorbable and non-resorbable membranes. Our aim was to describe the application of this membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR). Materials and Methods: This case report described the treatment and 3D evaluation of two cases utilizing a resorbable magnesium barrier membrane. In Case #1, GBR was performed with a bilayer tunnel flap. The magnesium barrier was placed fixed subperiosteally through remote vertical incisions. In Case #2, GBR was performed using a split-thickness flap design. Volumetric and linear hard tissue alterations were assessed by 3D cone-beam computed tomography subtraction analysis, as well as with conventional intraoral radiography. Results: Case #1 showed a volumetric hard tissue gain of 0.12 cm3, whereas Case #2 presented a 0.36 cm3 hard tissue gain. No marginal peri-implant hard tissue loss could be detected at the two-year follow-up. Conclusions: The application of conventional resorbable collagen membranes would be difficult in either of the cases presented. However, the rigid structure of the magnesium membrane allowed for the limitations of conventional resorbable membranes to be overcome.
Trends in Western U.S. Snowpack and Related Upper Colorado River Basin Streamflow 1

Miller, W. Paul and Thomas C. Piechota, 2011. Trends in Western U.S. Snowpack and Related Upper Colorado River Basin Streamflow. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(6):1197–1210. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011. 00565.x
Understanding the visitor : A prerequisite for coastal zone planning

Planning for tourism and outdoor recreation in coastal areas could be improved with knowledge of visitors´ attitudes, experiences, activities and geographical dispersion. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the knowledge of visitors in planning for tourism and outdoor recreation. The Lulea archipelago in Northern Sweden was used as a case study.
Late Weichselian and Holocene seismostratigraphy and depositional history of the Gulf of Riga, NE Baltic Sea

The Lateglacial and postglacial sequence in the northern Gulf of Riga is sedimentologically subdivided into nine distinctive layers. In the seismo‐acoustic sequence these layers are correlated with seven seismic/acoustic units, which largely reflect different stages in the development of the Baltic Sea. A uniform layer of the Late Weichselian till, a layer of waterlain glacial diamicton (WGD), a varved succession of the Baltic Ice Lake, a brackish‐water/freshwater sandy/silty clay of Yoldia Sea, a FeS‐rich layer of Ancylus Lake and discordantly bedded sand of the Litorina Sea and present‐day gyttja are revealed both in sediment cores and in acoustic recordings. In general, the lateral extent of the distinguished sediment layers is gradually shrinking upwards in the Quaternary sequence towards the deepest, central depression of the gulf. Two distinguished regional discontinuities divide the Lateglacial and postglacial sediment sequence into three allounits: glacial diamicton deposits in the lower part; ice‐proximal WGD, glaciolacustrine and postglacial lake/marine deposits in the middle; and brackish‐water marine deposits in the uppermost part of the sequence. The presented detailed seismostratigraphic subdivision of the Quaternary sediment sequence of the Gulf of Riga permits a correlation/comparison with similar sequences across the Baltic Sea and in other former glaciated basins.
Spatial separation of closely-spaced users in measured massive multi-user MIMO channels

Fully-synchronous measurements of a massive multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) radio propagation channel are presented. We evaluate the ability of a massive MIMO system to spatially separate users located close to each other in line-of-sight (LOS) propagation conditions. The system consists of a base-station (BS) antenna array equipped with 64 dual-polarized antenna elements (128 ports) arranged in a cylindrical configuration, and eight single-antenna users. The users are confined to a five-meter diameter circle and move randomly at pedestrian speeds. The BS antenna array is located on top of a 20 m tall building and has LOS to the users. We examine user separability by studying singular value spread of the MU-MIMO channel matrix for several subsets of BS antenna array ports, along with sum-rate capacity and achievable sum-rates with both zero-forcing and matched-filtering linear precoders. We also analyze the performance of the user with the lowest rate. Finally, a comparison between the performance offered by the massive MIMO system and that of a conventional MU-MIMO system is provided. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of fully-synchronous dynamic measurements of a massive MIMO system. Our investigation shows that even users located close to each other in LOS propagation conditions can be spatially separated in a massive MIMO system.
PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE COASTAL WATER OFF DELAWARE BAY FOR THE DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES

Abstract : A review was made of the literature concerning the salinity and temperature of waters of the Continental Shelf from Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras. About 3000 drift bottles were released off Delaware Bay to determine the expected rate, direction, and dispersal of wastes in that area. The results indicated that the discharge of wastes is undesirable within 5 mi of the coastal area. The most suitable location of waste discharge appeared to be immediately south of this line, 5 mi or more from Over-Falls Lightship.
Modeling skin‐layer salinity with an extended surface‐salinity layer

Due to near-surface salinity stratification, it is problematic to compare satellite-measured surface salinity within the first few centimeters (skin-layer) of the ocean with Argo-measured top-level salinity at about 5 m or with ocean models that do not resolve the skin layer. Although an instrument can be designed to measure the surface salinity, a global scale measurement is currently not available. A regional model can be configured to have a vertical grid in centimeters but it would be computationally prohibited on a global scale due to time step constraints. Here we propose an extended surface-salinity layer (ESSL) within a global ocean circulation model to diagnose skin SSS without increasing the computational cost, while allowing comparable solutions with both satellite and Argo salinity at the respective depths. Using a quarter-degree global ocean model, we show that the ESSL improves near-surface salinity significantly in comparisons with the Aquarius SSS and Argo salinity at 5 and 10 m, respectively. Comparing with data-assimilated HYCOM results reveal that the ESSL provides much stronger seasonal variability of SSS, similar to the Aquarius observations. We also demonstrate that the ESSL solution can be used to constrain the global mean SSS in Aquarius SSS retrieval.
The institutional economics of foreign aid

Summary From an institutional point of view, official development assistance differs from domestically financed services in important ways. First, the beneficiaries and financiers are not just distinct—they live in different countries, with different political constituencies. This geographical and political separation between taxpayers and beneficiaries blocks the normal performance feedback process. As a result, even though many individuals are responsible for ensuring the effectiveness and sustainability of aid, no one is really held accountable. Second, official development assistance is to a large extent a governmentto-government relationship. Binding political constraints in both recipient and donor countries severely limit the actions the donor can take to alleviate poverty. Finally, foreign aid is handled not by one but by multiple agencies. This results in coordination failures that reduce the impact of aid. This paper analyzes these institutional features and discusses possible ways of limiting their adverse consequences.
Profitability of production and resource-use efficiency among ofada rice (Oryza sativa japonica) farmers in Southwest, Nigeria

Ofada rice has recently gained prominence and it is quickly drawing international attention since it has revealed a strong consumer disposition and it has been perceived to be more nourishing due to its natural taste, a value added to this kind of rice. Nigeria has potential to produce it to self-sufficiency level but due to the inefficient use of inputs and in-availability of some inputs, this has become a mirage. Data was obtained from 180 rice farmers selected from the rice growing areas in Ogun state, with the use of well structured questionnaire. The data collected were then analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive analysis showed that 70% of the farmers were males, the average age and farm size was 45years and 2.9ha, respectively. The maximum likelihood estimates of the stochastic production frontier model results showed that a unit increase in farm size, labour, seeds and chemicals used will result in extra 64.587kg, 3.98kg, 0.54kg, and 2.258kg of the output, respectively. Marginal value product (MVP) to the unit prices for these inputs was greater than one implying that all these resources were underutilized. The gross margin analysis revealed that the profit from rice farming was N56, 082 (US$373.88) per hectare per farmer. Farmers’ efficiency can be enhanced by increasing the area of land cultivated, labour used, quantity of seeds and chemicals used for production.
UK seasonal river flow variability in near-natural catchments, regional outflows and long hydrometric records

This article presents an assessment of changes and variability in seasonal river flows in the UK, using three complementary datasets spanning different periods and spatial scales: 1) 95 small, near-natural catchments, 1969 - 2008, 2) regional outflows for large areas of the UK, 1961 - 2008 and 3) eight major catchments with records from pre-1940 to 2008. The most notable patterns to emerge are an increase in winter and autumn river flows in some regions, which appear to be robust, spatially and temporally. Spring and summer trends were generally much weaker, spatially very variable, and in both these seasons the direction of trends changes over the course of the longer records. Overall, the results suggest stability in seasonal mean flows – with limited evidence for changes which are of significance for water management – but reveal much complexity in the temporal and regional patterns, which warrant detailed investigation in future. This work provides a baseline of seasonal river flow variability against which emerging changes and model projections can be assessed.
Mapping the global structure of Antarctic research vis-a-vis Antarctic Treaty System

boration links and widths indicate size of the frequency. Bonacich power centrality3 is used to indicate the posi- tion of the countries in the network. ANTARCTICA is a continent of science and peace, a common heritage of mankind. This fifth largest continent is gov- erned by a set of guiding principles, the Antarctica Treaty System (ATS)1. The ATS is the basic instrument for managing the activities in this icy continent. Conducting science is occupying a central place in ATS. Currently, there are 45 treaty member nations: 28 consultative (voting) and 17 acceding states. This icy, coldest and windiest continent is covered with a sheet of ice with more than 2 km average thickness (4.7 km at its thickest point). Locked up in thick ice sheet is a record of past climate for the last 500,000 years. Antarctica provides an ideal setting for conducting frontier science (Figure 1). It has a scanty flora, but a rich fauna, including many species of fish, birds and mammals. It has no permanent human population. Today, there are 37 year-round research stations, run by 20 nations, op- erating in the continent. Belgium, The Netherlands, Ecua- dor, etc. (Consultavive Parties) do not have any permanent bases, but instead use the infrastructure of other nations in collaborative efforts. In this paper we have attempted to visualize the structure of science that is being pursued by the countries in the framework of the ATS