Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increase in pelagic larval duration and geographical range for reef fish along an oceanic gradient

– The structure of reef fish assemblages is known to vary according to numerous environmental factors, in particular reef type and coral cover. However little is known on the potential causes at the origin of species distribution along gradients in reef type and coral cover. The present article analyzed how pelagic larval duration (PLD), geographical range (GrI), habitat and diet specialization may explain the distribution of species and their relative abundance as oceanic influence increases from the coast to outer barrier reefs. This work is based upon 1714 transects representing 837 fish taxa and 1,140,000 individuals. Both mean pelagic larval duration and mean geographical range increased as oceanic influence increased. These two parameters were size dependent, but within a size class these two variables also increased as oceanic influence increased. The probability of occurrence and relative abundance of diet specialists did not vary along this oceanic gradient. on the opposite the relative abundance of coral dwelling species, small species and species with short PLDs or narrow geographical ranges decreased from the coast to the outer barrier reef. reef fish assemblages would follow a continuum of life history strategies with at one end large, unspecialized species with long PLD, wide GrI and characterized by strong dispersal and colonizing capacities, and at the other end small, sedentary, specialized species with short PLD, narrow GrI and high abundances. PeLaGIC LarvaL DuraTIoN GeoGraPHICaL raNGe oCeaNIC GraDIeNT reeF FISH NeW CaLeDoNIa SIZe STruCTure HaBITaT SPeCIaLIST DIeT SPeCIaLIST
The occurrence of three tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from the area of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (Southern Poland)

The common tick Ixodes ricinus is the main vector of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti in Europe. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential risk of exposure to common tick-borne diseases in the recreational areas of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, Poland with particular emphasis on the city of Częstochowa. The DNA from 459 I. ricinus ticks was used to detect B. burgdorferi s. l. , A. phagocytophilum and B. microti by PCR and nested PCR methods. Generally, infectious agents were found in 26.3% of all the examined ticks: B. microti was found in 23.3%, and A. phagocytophilum in 2.4% of the ticks. The protozoan was found mainly in females and nymphs, while A. phagocytophilum was detected mainly in adults. The co-existence of B. microti and A. phagocytophilum was found in 2.1% of the examined ticks. The presence of B. burgdorferi s. l. was not revealed in the examined material. The conducted studies demonstrate the high potential risk of exposure of tourists and pilgrims to B. microti, and a low risk of exposure to A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi s.l. in the examined areas of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland. Furthermore, the possible co-existence of A. phagocytophilum and B. microti in 3 individual ticks means that infection by multiple infectious agents is possible. The obtained results highlight the need to conduct further research on tick-borne pathogens in this region of Poland.
Ulinastatin prevents hyperoxia-induced lung injury on newborn rats by downregulating TNF-α and inhibiting macrophage infiltration

Ulinastatin (UTI) can support protection for several organs through inhibition of the release of inflammatory factors, absorbing oxygen radicals, and inhibition the progression of fibrosis. However, whether UTI has effect on hyperoxia-induced lung injury is still unclear. In this study, the effects of UTI treatment on newborn rats suffering hyperoxia-induced lung injury were examined. The results demonstrated that UTI treatment significantly attenuated the wet/dry weight ratio, downregulated the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), inhibited macrophage infiltration, and improved the average weight of rats. The most significant changes were observed in high-dose UTI treatment group. However, UTI had no effect on pulmonary superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Our results suggested that Ulinastatin prevents hyperoxia-induced lung injury on newborn rats by downregulating TNF-α and inhibiting macrophage infiltration.
Proof-based teaching as a basis for understanding why

The importance of proofs as a way to gain understanding has been observed many times. In this paper we show the result of two different experiences with division of natural numbers. The first comes from children in grade 3 who have learned about division and divisibility through what we call proof-based teaching (PBT), and the second comes from students who just finished their school studies and intend to become preservice primary teachers. Our main aim is to point out how different school experiences might lead to different (divergent) ways of gaining insight into the relationship between the divisor and the remainder. We particularly focus on describing some elements we identified in the third graders' instruction that might have allowed them to articulate their own understandings.
Response of four Portuguese grapevine cultivars to infection by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora

Little is known of the response of Portuguese Dao wine appellation’s most common grapevine cultivars to the causal agents of esca and Petri diseases, despite the high incidence of both diseases in the region and the consequent economic losses. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora has been considered one of the major causal agents of these diseases in that region. The present study evaluated the responses of four of the most propagated Dao’s grapevine cultivars – Alfrocheiro, Aragonez, Jaen and Touriga Nacional – to infection by three different Portuguese isolates of P. chlamydospora . Field trials were conducted in 2012, 2013 and 2015. The cultivar Alfrocheiro was the most susceptible to P. chlamydospora while cv. Jaen was the least. Variation in parameters such as lesion length and pathogen recovery from infected spurs (within trial years) suggest relation of pathogenicity with weather data, particularly temperature. Differences in aggressiveness among isolates were also detected, with one, a non-native, being the most aggressive. These results provide valuable information for local winegrowers, identifying, for the first time, susceptibility differences among local cultivars to P. chlamydospora , and suggesting adjustments to recommended pruning strategies, specifically to leave long spurs and avoid late winter pruning, thus reducing grapevine trunk colonization by P. chlamydospora.
Success of pulpotomy in mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis: A systematic review

The objective of the present systematic review is to evaluate the success of pulpotomy in mature permanent teeth presented with irreversible pulpitis. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Oral and Dentistry Database, Cochrane, and CINAHL plus. We included studies published in the English language only. However, narrative reviews and case reports/series were excluded. The first electronic and hand search yielded a total of 2851 articles. After going through extensive screening and eligibility process, only six articles were finally selected for the review. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 10 years. Randomized controlled trial compared pulpotomy with the root canal treatment and reported comparable and even better success of the pulpotomy (78% success). All the other studies have also shown better clinical and radiographic success of pulpotomy (68%–100%). Pulpotomy can be considered an alternative option for mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis.
Beyond Usefulness: Exploring the Implications of Design in Policymaking

This paper reflects on the convergence of design and power in the emerging trend of design being used within policymaking processes. The author’s personal experience of working as a design consultant in this field in the UK is used to surface questions about the role design is playing in contemporary politics and governance, and how this might be understood. The paper reviews the growing body of literature around ‘design for policy’ and highlights the extent to which it is preoccupied with a purely instrumental account which neglects a broader political interpretation. Three possible alternative analytical approaches are then discussed – a critical design history, Foucault’s governmentality lens, and Latour’s account of the different political stages in the trajectory of issues – all of which have the potential to deepen our understanding of the present.
Evaluation of indirect pulp capping using pozzolan-based cement (ENDOCEM-Zr®) and mineral trioxide aggregate - A randomized controlled trial

Background: Pulp capping should always be considered as the primary treatment of choice for teeth without irreversible pulpitis in lesions approaching dental pulp. The predictability of vital pulp therapy has improved with the introduction of newer bioceramic materials. Aim: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the outcomes of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) and a pozzolan-based cement (ENDOCEM-Zr® [Maruchi, Wonju, Korea]) as an indirect pulp capping (IPC) material. Materials and Methods: IPC was performed in forty patients who were randomly divided into ENDOCEM-Zr® and MTA groups. The outcome was assessed using clinical and radiographic tests at different time intervals. The prognostic factors on the outcome of IPC were also evaluated. Results and Conclusions: The success rate of ENDOCEM-Zr® and MTA groups was 94.7% and 89.4%, respectively. The results were not statistically significant. Binary logical regression showed that the age of the patient and the status of the pulp before treatment were deciding variables for the outcome of the study. Therefore, it was concluded from the study that the evaluated pozzolan-based cement could be used as an alternative to MTA because of its faster setting time and lower discoloration potential. In addition, pulp capping should be performed with caution in individuals above 40 years and in teeth with reversible pulpitis.
FABRICATION AND PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF TiO2/Ti COMPOSITE FILMS BY MECHANICAL COATING TECHNIQUE AND HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION

Mechanical coating technique was used to fabricate titanium (Ti) films on alumina (Al2O3) balls. The following high-temperature oxidation was carried out for oxidizing the Ti films to form TiO2. The oxidation behavior of the films and the microstructure evolution of the oxidized films were investigated. The results showed that the inner and surface layers of the Ti films were oxidized simultaneously. When oxidizing at a relatively low oxidation temperature in a short time, TiO2/Ti composite films were obtained. With increase in oxidation temperature and oxidation time, the thickness of TiO2 increased and eventually Ti films were totally oxidized to TiO2 films. Meanwhile, TiO2 needles grew up and became columnar crystals which also grew up with the increase of the oxidation temperature and oxidation time. The photocatalytic activity of the oxidized films was examined and discussed. Compared with the single TiO2 films, TiO2/Ti composite films showed much higher photocatalytic activity. The highest photocatalytic activity was achieved when the thickness of TiO2 films in TiO2/Ti composite films was 27μm.
Pigmented maize - a potential source of β-carotene and α-tocopherol

Among cereals, maize has the highest content of bioavailable micronutrients in grain, particularly β-carotene and α-tocopherol, which makes this crop the most appropriate for biofortification. Great genetic variability is a valuable source of micronutrients, and genotypes with enhanced grain content could be used for improvement of commercial hybrids or synthetic populations creation. Three populations with dark orange, dark red and red grain, five elite lines, and their crosses were evaluated for β-carotene and α-tocopherol content. Based on obtained results, line (L5) could be further used in breeding for increased β-carotene content, and population with dark orange grain (P1) is recommended as a good source for multi-nutrient biofortification for both β-carotene and α-tocopherol. Three lines (L1, L2 and L5) had significantly higher value of α-tocopherol in crosses with dark red population (P2), compared to lines per se, and require several cycles of back-crossing for increase nutrient content.
Balance confidence and physical activity participation of independently ambulatory youth with cerebral palsy: an exploration of youths’ and parents’ perspectives

Abstract Aim Youth with cerebral palsy generally participate in less physical activity than typically developing peers. In adults with physical disabilities, balance confidence is a strong predictor of participation and community re-integration. However, balance confidence has not been studied in youth with cerebral palsy. Method Qualitative descriptive methodology with interviews of eight youth with cerebral palsy (9–17 years old, three girls) in Gross Motor Function Classification System Levels I–III, and eight parents (five mothers) of youth with cerebral palsy (9–17 years old, two girls) in Levels I–III. Results Three themes arose: (1) youth in Gross Motor Function Classification System Levels I–II are more concerned about losing their balance during physical activities than those in Level III; (2) when balance is lost, embarrassment and frustration are more common than fear, especially for those in Levels I–II; and (3) social factors can create a favorable participation environment when balance confidence is low, especially for youth in Levels I–II. Conclusion Balance confidence may have greater influence on physical activity participation for youth in Gross Motor Function Classification System Levels I–II than those in Level III. Youth in Levels I–II may draw greater benefit from interventions targeting balance confidence when addressing physical activity goals. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Balance confidence may have a greater influence on activity avoidance for youth with cerebral palsy in Gross Motor Function Classification System Levels I and II (who are independently ambulatory without walkers or cane(s)) than for those in Level II (who use walkers or cane(s) to ambulate). Youth who are independently ambulatory without walkers or cane(s) may benefit more from interventions directed at balance confidence (e.g., enactive mastery and verbal persuasion) to address their physical activity participation goals. For youth who are independently ambulatory without walkers or cane(s), addressing factors that could reduce the influence of balance confidence on physical activity participation, such as providing a positive and supportive social environment in which to participate, may be beneficial.
Hydrophone Spatial Averaging Correction for Acoustic Exposure Measurements From Arrays—Part I: Theory and Impact on Diagnostic Safety Indexes

This article reports underestimation of mechanical index (MI) and nonscanned thermal index for bone near focus (TIB) due to hydrophone spatial averaging effects that occur during acoustic output measurements for clinical linear and phased arrays. TIB is the appropriate version of thermal index (TI) for fetal imaging after ten weeks from the last menstrual period according to the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM). Spatial averaging is particularly troublesome for highly focused beams and nonlinear, nonscanned modes such as acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) and pulsed Doppler. MI and variants of TI (e.g., TIB), which are displayed in real-time during imaging, are often not corrected for hydrophone spatial averaging because a standardized method for doing so does not exist for linear and phased arrays. A novel analytic inverse-filter method to correct for spatial averaging for pressure waves from linear and phased arrays is derived in this article (Part I) and experimentally validated in a companion article (Part II). A simulation was developed to estimate potential spatial-averaging errors for typical clinical ultrasound imaging systems based on the theoretical inverse filter and specifications for 124 scanner/transducer combinations from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 510(k) database from 2015 to 2019. Specifications included center frequency, aperture size, acoustic output parameters, hydrophone geometrical sensitive element diameter, etc. Correction for hydrophone spatial averaging using the inverse filter suggests that maximally achievable values for MI, TIB, thermal dose (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t} _{{43}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and spatial-peak-temporal-average intensity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I} _{\text {spta}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) for typical clinical systems are potentially higher than uncorrected values by (means ± standard deviations) 9% ± 4% (ARFI MI), 19% ± 15% (ARFI TIB), 50% ± 41% (ARFI <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t} _{{43}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), 43% ± 39% (ARFI <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I} _{\text {spta}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), 7% ± 5% (pulsed Doppler MI), 15% ± 11% (pulsed Doppler TIB), 42% ± 31% (pulsed Doppler <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t} _{{43}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and 33% ± 27% (pulsed Doppler <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I} _{\text {spta}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). These values correspond to frequencies of 3.2 ± 1.3 (ARFI) and 4.1 ± 1.4 MHz (pulsed Doppler), and the model predicts that they would increase with frequency. Inverse filtering for hydrophone spatial averaging significantly improves the accuracy of estimates of MI, TIB, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${t} _{{43}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I} _{\text {spta}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for ARFI and pulsed Doppler signals.
Long-Term Effects of a Cognitive Behavioral Conference Call Intervention on Depression in Non-Professional Caregivers

Recent evidence supports the efficacy of conference call cognitive–behavioral interventions in preventing depression in caregivers at post-intervention, but we do not know whether the results are sustained long term. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of a cognitive–behavioral intervention administered by telephone conference call in preventing depression in caregivers with elevated depressive symptoms, comparing all components of the intervention versus only the behavioral ones. A randomized controlled trial was conducted using a dismantling strategy. At total of 219 caregivers were randomly assigned to a cognitive–behavioral conference call intervention (CBCC; n = 69), a behavioral-activation conference call intervention (BACC; n = 70), or a usual care control group (CG, n = 80). Information was collected on depressive symptoms and depression at pre-intervention and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 36 months post-intervention. At 36 months, there was a reduction in depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) and a lower incidence of major depressive episodes in both the CBCC and BACC groups compared to CG (8.7%, 8.6%, and 33.7%, respectively). The results show that a conference call intervention was effective in the long term to prevent depression in caregivers and that the behavioral-activation component was comparable to the complete cognitive–behavioral protocol.
Diabetes Does Not Adversely Affect Neurological Recovery and Reduction of Neck Pain After Posterior Decompression Surgery for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: Results from a Retrospective Multicenter Study of 675 Patients.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective multicenter study. OBJECTIVE To identify the impact of diabetes on surgical outcomes of posterior decompression for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Although some previous studies have reported surgical outcomes of posterior decompression for CSM in diabetic patients, their results were inconsistent. METHODS We included 675 patients with CSM who underwent posterior decompression. Patients were divided into diabetic (n = 140) and nondiabetic (n = 535) groups according to the diabetic criteria for glucose intolerance. Surgical outcomes as assessed by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores and visual analog scale (VAS) for neck pain were compared between groups. Subsequently, the functional outcomes of diabetic patients were compared between the mild (n = 131) and moderately severe (n = 9) groups. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year after surgery. RESULTS Compared with the nondiabetic group, the diabetic group showed lower pre- and postoperative JOA scores (P = 0.025 and P = 0.001, respectively) and a lower JOA score recovery rate (RR) (P = 0.009). However, the preoperative-to-postoperative changes in JOA scores in the diabetic and nondiabetic groups were not significantly different (P = 0.988). Pre- and postoperative VAS for neck pain and postoperative reduction of neck pain were comparable between groups (P = 0.976, P = 0.913 and P = 0.688, respectively). Although statistical analysis was not performed due to the small underpowered sample size, functional outcomes assessed by the JOA score RR (43.3 ± 37.1% vs. 45.3 ± 33.9%) and preoperative-to-postoperative changes in JOA scores (3.0 ± 2.2 vs 2.7 ± 2.5) were similar between the mild and moderately severe diabetes groups. CONCLUSIONS CSM patients with diabetes experienced improvements in neurological function and neck pain as a result of posterior decompression to the same extent seen in patients without diabetes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
An update on the microbiome in vasculitis

Purpose of review To summarize recent evidence regarding the presence and potential role of the microbiome in systemic vasculitides. Recent findings Microbiomic descriptions are now available in patients with small, medium and large vessel vasculitis. The majority of studies have evaluated gastrointestinal inhabitants, with a smaller number of studies describing the nasal, pulmonary or vascular microbiomes. Most published studies are observational and cross-sectional. Dysbiosis is seen frequently in vasculitis patients with reduced microbial diversity observed in nasal, fecal and vascular samples compared with disease and/or healthy controls. Predominant bacteria vary, but overall, patients with vasculitis tend to have more pathogenic and less commensal bacteria in active disease. In the few longitudinal studies available, improvement or resolution of dysbiosis has been observed following vasculitis treatment and improved disease activity. Summary Dysbiosis and reduced microbial diversity has been identified in patients with small, medium and large vessel vasculitis. Although limited data suggests microbiomes may ‘normalize’ following immunosuppression, cause or effect cannot be determined. It is hypothesized that microbial disruption in a genetically susceptible individual may trigger excessive host immune activation and vasculitis; however, larger studies with longitudinal and translational design are needed to further our current understanding.