Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of the spatial stellar mass distribution in some young open clusters

The stellar spatial distribution as a function of mass is studied in 11 young open clusters and the presence of mass segregation is observed in seven of these. The possibility of two cluster centres is indicated for NGC 2264. Except in Tr 1, the conventional relaxation and energy equipartition times are larger than the cluster ages which may indicate that the observed mass segregation is due to the star formation processes. However, the possibility of dynamical processes being responsible for the effect of mass segregation in some of these clusters cannot be completely ruled out. Present analysis suggests that observed mass segregation in open clusters older than some million years might be due to a combination of both initial star formation conditions and dynamical evolutionary processes, but in younger ones only initial star formation conditions can be responsible.
Symmetries of hyper‐Kähler (or Poisson gauge field) hierarchy

Symmetry properties of the space of complex (or formal) hyper‐Kahler metrics are studied in the language of hyper‐Kahler hierarchies. The construction of finite symmetries is analogous to the theory of Riemann–Hilbert transformations, loop group elements now taking values in a (pseudo‐) group of canonical transformations of a simplectic manifold. In spite of their highly nonlinear and involved nature, infinitesimal expressions of these symmetries are shown to have a rather simple form. These infinitesimal transformations are extended to the Plebanski key functions to give rise to a nonlinear realization of a Poisson loop algebra. The Poisson algebra structure turns out to originate in a contact structure behind a set of symplectic structures inherent in the hyper‐Kahler hierarchy. Possible relations to membrane theory are briefly discussed.
Stochastic heat and Burgers equations and their singularities. II. Analytical properties and limiting distributions

We study the inviscid limit, μ→0, of the stochastic viscous Burgers equation, for the velocity field vμ(x,t), t>0, x∊Rd, (∂vμ∕∂t)+(vμ·∇)vμ=−∇c(x,t)−ϵ∇k(x,t)Wt+(μ2∕2)Δvμ, for small ϵ, with vμ(x,0)≡∇S0(x) for some given S0, Wt representing white noise. Here we use the Hopf–Cole transformation, vμ=−μ2∇lnuμ, where uμ satisfies the stochastic heat equation of Stratonovich-type and the Feynmac–Kac Truman–Zhao formula for uμ, where dutμ(x)=[(μ2∕2)Δutμ(x)+μ−2c(x,t)utμ(x)]dt+ϵμ−2k(x,t)utμ(x)∘dWt, with u0μ(x)=T0(x)exp(−S0(x)∕μ2), S0 as before and T0 a smooth positive function. In an earlier paper, Davies, Truman, and Zhao [J. Math. Phys. 43, 3293 (2002)], an exact solution of the stochastic viscous Burgers equation was used to show how the formal “blow-up” of the Burgers velocity field occurs on random shockwaves for the vμ=0 solution of Burgers equation coinciding with the caustics of a corresponding Hamiltonian system with classical flow map Φ. Moreover, the uμ=0 solution of the stochastic heat equation has its.
Numerical Renormalization Group Study of Magnetic Impurities in Superconductors. II. Dynamical Excitation Spectra and Spatial Variation of the Order Parameter

The Kondo problem in superconductors is studied by extending Wilson's numerical renormalization group method. As a continuation to a previous paper (J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 61 (1992) 3239), various problems related to the localized excited state produced by a magnetic impurity are examined in detail. In particular, the binding energy of the localized excited state, its spectral weight, one-electron and magnetic excitation spectra and the spatial variation of the order parameter are studied over the whole regime of the magnitude of T K /Δ ( T K : Kondo temperature, Δ: superconducting energy gap).
The thermoelectric power of nickel and its alloys

Measurements are reported of the temperature variation of the absolute thermoelectric power of pure nickel and its dilute alloys with Pd, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, V and Ti. Most of the data have been taken between 2 degrees K and 100 degrees K, although certain measurements have only been made between 2 degrees K and 15 degrees K. The curves taken over the wider temperature range all exhibit pronounced minima at about 40 degrees K, with the depth of the minima considerably greater in the Ni-Cu, Ni-Co and Ni-Fe alloys than in pure nickel. It is argued that this is due to the effect of spin-mixing on the phonon drag component of thermopower. There is a discussion of the likely influence of spin- mixing on the diffusion thermopower.
Mild to Moderate Sleep Restriction Does Not Affect the Cortisol Awakening Response in Healthy Adult Males

The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a distinct rise in cortisol that occurs upon awakening that is thought to contribute to arousal, energy boosting, and anticipation. There is some evidence to suggest that inadequate sleep may alter the CAR, but the relationship between sleep duration and CAR has not been systematically examined. Healthy males (n = 111; age: 23.0 ± 3.6 yrs) spent 10 consecutive days/nights in a sleep laboratory. After a baseline night (9 h time in bed), participants spent either 5 h (n = 19), 6 h (n = 23), 7 h (n = 16), 8 h (n = 27), or 9 h (n = 26) in bed for seven nights, followed by a 9 h recovery sleep. The saliva samples for cortisol assay were collected at 08:00 h, 08:30 h and 08:45 h at baseline, on experimental days 2 and 5 and on the recovery day. The primary dependent variables were the cortisol concentration at awakening (08:00 h) and the cortisol area under the curve (AUC). There was no effect of time in bed on either the cortisol concentration at awakening or cortisol AUC. In all the time in bed conditions, the cortisol AUC tended to be higher at baseline and lower on experimental day 5. Five consecutive nights of mild to moderate sleep restriction does not appear to affect the CAR in healthy male adults.
Numerical Integration in the DGFEM for 3D Nonlinear Convection–Diffusion Problems on Nonconforming Meshes

The effect of numerical integration in a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for a nonstationary nonlinear convection–diffusion problem in 3D is studied. In the space semidiscretization, the volume and surface integrals are evaluated with the aid of numerical quadratures. An estimate of the error caused by the numerical integration is presented, and it is shown what quadrature formulas guarantee preservation of the accuracy of the method with exact integration.
Fabrication of GeO2 layers using a divalent Ge precursor

Good quality and perfectly stoichiometric GeO2 layers are promising interlayers to be implemented in alternative devices based on high dielectric constant oxide/Ge(100). In this work, the authors report on the growth by atomic layer deposition of GeO2 films using a divalent Ge precursor combined with O3. The films are composed of smooth and perfectly stoichiometric GeO2. The contamination level is extremely low. The deposited GeO2 films have a band gap of 5.81±0.04eV. The conduction and valence band offsets at the GeO2∕Ge heterojunction are found to be 0.6±0.1 and 4.5±0.1eV, respectively.
Sparsity-promoting Bayesian inversion

A computational Bayesian inversion model is demonstrated. It is discretization invariant, describes prior information using function spaces with a wavelet basis and promotes reconstructions that are sparse in the wavelet transform domain. The method makes use of the Besov space prior with p = 1, q = 1 and s = 1, which is related to the total variation prior. Numerical evidence is presented in the context of a one-dimensional deconvolution task, suggesting that edge-preserving and noise-robust reconstructions can be achieved consistently at various resolutions.
Multicolor surface photometry of powerful radio galaxies. II. Morphology and stellar content

Results on the morphology, photometric structure, and colors of 72 powerful radio galaxies (PRGs) are presented. It is found that galaxy interactions and mergers play an important role in the PRG phenomenon. Over 50 percent of the sample galaxies display optical morphological deviations from elliptical symmetry at high levels of surface brightness. About 20 percent of the galaxies have a second nucleus less than 10 kpc in projection from the main nucleus. The fraction of PRGs in a common envelope with neighboring galaxies is even larger. Surface brightness profiles for galaxies with weak or no emission lines are typically shallower in slope than normal radio-quiet elliptical galaxies, but similar to the brightest cluster galaxies. Surface brightness profiles for strong emission (SE) galaxies are more diverse in form. The SE PRGs have unusually blue average colors relative to giant elliptical galaxies. These colors are spatially extended and not merely due to light from a bright nucleus or extended emission-line gas. 80 refs.
Programmatic Cost-Effectiveness of a Second-Time Visit to Detect New Tuberculosis and Diabetes Mellitus in TB Contact Tracing in Myanmar

Background: Integration of diabetes mellitus screening in home visits for contact tracing for tuberculosis could identify hidden patients with either tuberculosis or diabetes mellitus. However, poor compliance to the first home screening has been reported. A second time visit not only increases screening compliance but also the cost. This study aimed to determine if an additional second time visit was cost effective based on the health system perspective of the tuberculosis contact tracing program in Myanmar. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on usual contact tracing activity in the Yangon Region, Myanmar, from April to December 2018 with integration of diabetes mellitus screening and an additional home visit to take blood glucose tests along with repeated health education and counseling to stress the need for a chest X-ray. New tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus cases detected were the main outcome variables. Programmatic operational costs were calculated based on a standardized framework for cost evaluation on tuberculosis screening. The effectiveness of an additional home visit was estimated using disability-adjusted life years averted. The willingness to pay threshold was taken as 1250.00 US dollars gross domestic product per capita of the country. Results: Single and additional home visits could lead to 42.5% and 65.0% full compliance and 27.2 and 9.3 additional years of disability-adjusted life years averted, respectively. The respective base costs and additional costs were 3280.95 US dollars and 1989.02 US dollars. The programmatic costs for an extra unit of disability-adjusted life years averted was 213.87 US dollars, which was lower than the willingness to pay threshold. Conclusions: From the programmatic perspective, conducting the second time visit for tuberculosis contact tracing integrated with diabetes mellitus screening was found to be cost effective.
Pretreatment Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value Efficiently Predicts Survival Outcomes in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients Receiving Radiotherapy and Temozolomide

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive significance of pretreatment pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) who received postsurgical radiation (RT) and concurrent plus adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ). Methods The outcomes of 204 newly diagnosed GBM patients were analyzed retrospectively. Each eligible patient's PIV was calculated using the findings of peripheral blood platelet (P), monocyte (M), neutrophil (N), and lymphocyte (L) counts obtained on the first day of therapy: PIV = P × M × N ÷ L. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to discover the ideal cutoff values for PIV concerning progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes. The primary and secondary end-points were the OS and PFS divergences across the PIV groups. Results In ROC curve analysis, the optimal PIV cutoff was 385, which substantially interacted with PFS and OS results and categorized patients into low PIV (L-PIV; N = 75) and high PIV (H-PIV; N = 129) groups. Comparative survival analyses showed that the patients in the H-PIV group had significantly shorter median PFS (6.0 vs. 16.6 months; P < 0.001) and OS (11.1 vs. 22.9 months; P < 0.001) durations than those in the L-PIV group. The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated an independent and significant connection between an H-PIV measure and shorter PFS and OS outcomes. Conclusions The novel PIV was able to independently stratify newly diagnosed GBM patients into two groups with fundamentally different PFS and OS outcomes following RT and concurrent plus adjuvant TMZ.
Local Attention Guided Joint Depth Upsampling

Image super resolution is a classical computer vision problem. A branch of super resolution tasks deals with guided depth super resolution as objective. Here, the goal is to accurately upsample a given low resolution depth map with the help of features aggregated from the high resolution color image of that particular scene. Recently, the development of transformers has improved performance for general image processing tasks credited to self-attention. Unlike previous methods for guided joint depth upsampling which rely mostly on CNNs, we efficiently compute self-attention with the help of local image attention which avoids the quadratic growth typically found in self-attention layers. Our work combines CNNs and transformers to analyze the two input modalities and employs a cross-modal fusion network in order to predict both a weighted per-pixel filter kernel and a residual for the depth estimation. To further enhance the final output, we integrate a differentiable and a trainable deep guided filtering network which provides an additional depth prior. An ablation study and empirical trials demonstrate the importance of each proposed module. Our method shows comparable as well as state-of-the-art performance on the guided depth upsampling task.
Complexation of Oligo- and Polynucleotides with Methoxyphenyl-Functionalized Imidazolium Surfactants

Interaction between cationic surfactants and nucleic acids attracts much attention due to the possibility of using such systems for gene delivery. Herein, the lipoplexes based on cationic surfactants with imidazolium head group bearing methoxyphenyl fragment (MPI-n, n = 10, 12, 14, 16) and nucleic acids (oligonucleotide and plasmid DNA) were explored. The complex formation was confirmed by dynamic/electrophoretic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and gel electrophoresis. The nanosized lipoplex formation (of about 100–200 nm), contributed by electrostatic, hydrophobic interactions, and intercalation mechanism, has been shown. Significant effects of the hydrocarbon tail length of surfactant and the type of nucleic acid on their interaction was revealed. The cytotoxic effect and transfection ability of lipoplexes studied were determined using M-HeLa, A549 cancer cell lines, and normal Chang liver cells. A selective reduced cytotoxic effect of the complexes on M-HeLa cancer cells was established, as well as a high ability of the systems to be transfected into cancer cells. MPI-n/DNA complexes showed a pronounced transfection activity equal to the commercial preparation Lipofectamine 3000. Thus, it has been shown that MPI-n surfactants are effective agents for nucleic acid condensation and can be considered as potential non-viral vectors for gene delivery.
Towards the Validation of Executive Functioning Assessments: A Clinical Study

Neuropsychological assessment needs a more profound grounding in psychometric theory. Specifically, psychometrically reliable and valid tools are required, both in patient care and in scientific research. The present study examined convergent and discriminant validity of some of the most popular indicators of executive functioning (EF). A sample of 96 neurological inpatients (aged 18–68 years) completed a battery of standardized cognitive tests (Raven’s matrices, vocabulary test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, verbal fluency test, figural fluency test). Convergent validity of indicators of intelligence (Raven’s matrices, vocabulary test) and of indicators of EF (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, verbal fluency test, figural fluency) were calculated. Discriminant validity of indicators of EF against indicators of intelligence was also calculated. Convergent validity of indicators of intelligence (Raven’s matrices, vocabulary test) was good (rxtyt = 0.727; R2 = 0.53). Convergent validity of fluency indicators of EF against executive cognition as indicated by performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was poor (0.087 ≤ rxtyt ≤ 0.304; 0.008 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.092). Discriminant validity of indicators of EF against indicators of intelligence was good (0.106 ≤ rxtyt ≤ 0.548; 0.011 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.300). Our conclusions from these data are clear-cut: apparently dissimilar indicators of intelligence converge on general intellectual ability. Apparently dissimilar indicators of EF (mental fluency, executive cognition) do not converge on general executive ability. Executive abilities, although non-unitary, can be reasonably well distinguished from intellectual ability. The present data contribute to the hitherto meager evidence base regarding the validity of popular indicators of EF.
Comparison of Accuracy of Color Spaces in Cell Features Classification in Images of Leukemia types ALL and MM

This study presents a methodology for identifying the color space that provides the best performance in an image processing application. When measurements are performed without selecting the appropriate color model, the ac- curacy of the results is considerably altered. It is significant in computation, mainly when a diagnostic is based on stained cell microscopy images. This work shows how the proper selection of the color model provides better char- acterization in two types of cancer, acute lymphoid leukemia, and multiple myeloma. The methodology uses images from a public database. First, the nuclei are segmented, and then statistical moments are calculated for class iden- tification. After, a principal component analysis is performed to reduce the extracted features and identify the most significant ones. At last, the predictive model is evaluated using the k-nearest neighbor algorithm and a confusion matrix. For the images used, the results showed that the CIE L*a*b color space best characterized the analyzed cancer types with an average accuracy of 95.52%. With an accuracy of 91.81%, RGB and CMY spaces followed. HSI and HSV spaces had an accuracy of 87.86% and 89.39%, respectively, and the worst performer was grayscale with an accuracy of 55.56%.
EEG-Based Silent Speech Interface and its Challenges: A Survey

—People with speech disorders could have social and welfare difficulties. Therefore, the silent speech interface (SSI) is needed to help them communicate. This interface decodes the speech from a human’s biosignal. The brain signals contain information from speech production to cover people with numerous speech disorders. Brain signals can be acquired non-invasively by electroencephalograph (EEG) and later transformed into the features for the input of speech pattern recognition. This review discusses the advancement of EEG-based SSI research and its current challenges. It mainly discussed the acquisition protocol, spectral-spatial-temporal characterization of EEG-based imagined speech, classification techniques with leave-one-subject or session-out cross-validation, and related real-world environmental issues. It aims to aid future imagined speech decoding research in exploring the proper methods to overcome the problems.
Reducing Enteric Methanogenesis through Alternate Hydrogen Sinks in the Rumen

Climate change and the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from agriculture has resulted in significant pressure on the livestock industry for advanced practices that are environmentally more sustainable. Livestock is responsible for more than 15% of anthropogenic methane (CH4) emission via enteric fermentation and improved strategies for mitigating enteric CH4 production therefore represents a promising target to reduce the overall GHG contribution from agriculture. Ruminal CH4 is produced by methanogenic archaea, combining CO2 and hydrogen (H2). Removal of H2 is essential, as its accumulation inhibits many biological functions that are essential for maintaining a healthy rumen ecosystem. Although several other pathways occur in the rumen, including reductive acetogenesis, propionogenesis, nitrate, and sulfate reduction, methanogenesis seems to be the dominant pathway for H2 removal. Global warming is not the only problem associated with the release of CH4 from ruminants, but the released GHG also represent valuable metabolic energy that is lost to the animal and that needs to be replenished via its food. Therefore, reduction of enteric CH4 emissions will benefit not only the environment but also be an important step toward the efficient production of high-quality animal-based protein. In recent decades, several approaches, relying on a diverse set of biological and chemical compounds, have been tested for their ability to inhibit rumen methanogenesis reliably and without negative effects for the ruminant animal. Although many of these strategies initially appeared to be promising, they turned out to be less sustainable on the industrial scale and when implemented over an extended period. The development of a long-term solution most likely has been hindered by our still incomplete understanding of microbial processes that are responsible for maintaining and dictating rumen function. Since manipulation of the overall structure of the rumen microbiome is still a significant challenge targeting key intermediates of rumen methanogenesis, such as H2, and population that are responsible for maintaining the H2 equilibrium in the rumen could be a more immediate approach. Addition of microorganisms capable of non-methanogenic H2 sequestration or of reducing equivalents are potential avenues to divert molecular H2 from methanogenesis and therefore for abate enteric CH4. However, in order to achieve the best outcome, a detailed understanding of rumen microbiology is needed. Here we discuss some of the problems and benefits associated with alternate pathways, such as reductive acetogenesis, propionogenesis, and sulfate and nitrate reduction, which would allow us to bypass H2 production and accumulation in the rumen.
Second-order discretization schemes of stochastic differential systems for the computation of the invariant law

We Discretize in Time With Step-Size h a Stochastic Differential Equation Whose Solution has a Unique Invariant Probability Measure is the Solution of the Discretized System, we Give an Estimate of in Terms of h for Several Discretization Methods. In Particular, Methods Which are of Second Order for the Approximation of in Finite Time are Shown to be Generically of Second Order for the Ergodic Criterion(1).