Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diamond prospectivity of Mesoproterozoic kimberlites from the Wajrakarur field, southern India: perovskite oxybarometry and bulk-rock transition element geochemistry constraints

Prognostication of the primary diamond host rocks such as kimberlites and lamproites is traditionally carried out by deploying proven techniques such as indicator (xenocryst) mineral chemistry and pressure-temperature estimates on co-existing phases in mantle xenoliths. However, in the recent past new methodologies such as estimation of redox nature of the magmas from perovskite oxybarometry and response of first-row transition elements to oxygen fugacity- essentially involving the bulk-composition of the host rocks have also emerged for predicting the diamond prospectivity. Here, we test the applicability of such host rock models to the well-characterized Mesoproterozoic kimberlites from the Wajrakarur field, eastern Dharwar craton, southern India, whose diamond incidence is well-established. We demonstrate that a combination of perovskite oxybarometry and transition element geochemistry in conjunction with petrography can impose better first order controls on the prognostication of the primary diamond host rocks rather than by applying them individually, in isolation. We also highlight that such a combined approach holds as much promise as the well-established and age-old prognostication techniques that are currently in vogue, for inferring the diamond prospectivity of the primary host rocks.
Jcb: Supplemental Material Supplemental Materials and Methods Tczs and Stall

Transient confinement zones (TCZs), a term coined by Simson et al. (1995) and Sheets et al. (1997), are the membrane domains where the diffusion of a membrane molecule is substantially slowed. It is defined as a domain where the observed molecule (normally tagged with a colloidal gold particle) stays much longer than statistically expected from the average diffusion coefficient of the molecule (Simson et al., 1995). Note that this is an operational definition, because it assumes that the observation is carried out at slow rates, like normal video rate, at which individual membrane compartments are usually smeared out because of time averaging on (low time resolution of) the camera. Therefore, the observed molecules are undergoing apparent simple Brownian diffusion with a macroscopic diffusion rate determined by the hop movements over many compartments, outside the TCZs. These TCZs have appeared on the central stage of the raft research when Sheets et al. (1997) showed that (1) slightly cross-linked, putative raft-associating molecules exhibit TCZs much more often than (cross-linked) putative non–raft-associating molecules and (2) the occurrence of TCZ is formed in a cholesterol-dependent manner (Dietrich et al., 2002). In the present paper and in Suzuki et al. (2007), we showed that temporary immobilization of GPI-anchored proteins, such as CD59, DAF, and PLAP, takes place much more often when they form clusters, and such temporary immobilization is likely due to the binding of the clusters to ac-tin filaments. Because the term zone suggests the presence of preformed microdomains in the membrane, TCZ would not be a proper word for describing the actin binding–induced temporary cessation of diffusion of the clustered GPI-anchored molecules. Therefore, here, we use the term stimulation-induced temporary arrest of lateral diffusion (STALL). The difference between the membrane compartments (corrals) and STALL The membrane compartments (corrals) and the domains where CD59 clusters exhibit STALL might be confusing. CD59 clusters are immobilized for periods much longer than expected from the average diffusion coefficient, but because of the measurement noise, and perhaps because of the oscillative motion of actin filaments that the CD59 clusters bind to, the binding spot on an actin filament would give an appearance of a domain. As shown in Suzuki et al. (2007), the Gaussian fit of such a domain gave a diameter of 48 nm. Because the Gaussian fitting for the noise (determined for the gold particles attached to a coverslip) gave the standard deviation of 3 nm …
Taxonomia e sistemática dos tuco-tucos do noroeste do Brasil (RODENTIA-CTENOMYIDAE) e a descrição de uma nova espécie da Amazônia brasileira

There are currently eight species of tuco-tucos, subterranean rodents of the genus Ctenomys described for Brazil. Four of them, who inhabit the southern region, are well known and studied: C. flamarioni C. minutus, C. lami and C. torquatus. The others: C. brasiliensis, C. nattereri, C. rondoni and C. bicolor, inhabiting the northwest have only the description of each as scientific knowledge. Little or no material witness to their description and abandonment by science in a time gap of more than one hundred years without their taxonomic status, evolution or any kind of knowledge has been investigated led to the questioning of these entities as valid species. Knowing the existence of populations of tuco-tucos inhabiting the states of Mato Grosso and Rondonia, expeditions were carried out to survey and collect data aiming to cover the distribution of the genus Ctenomys in the northwestern Brazil trying to clarify the existing taxonomic and evolutionary questions.
I NDUSTRIAL M ATHEMATICS I NSTITUTE

A discrete system of almost exponentially localized elements (needlets) on the n -dimensional unit sphere S n is constructed. It shown that the needlet system can be used for decomposition of Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces on the sphere. As an application of Besov spaces on S n , a Jackson estimate for nonlinear m -term approximation from the needlet system is obtained.
Notes on : Prospect Theory : An Analysis of Decision Under Risk ( Kahneman and Tversky 1979 ) Modigliani Group :

The expected utility principle was formulated in the 18th century by Daniel Bernoulli (1738), then axiomatized by Von Neumann and Morgenstern (1944), and further developed by Savaga (1954) who integrated the notion of subjective probability into expected utility theory. Expected utility theory aims to help make decisions among various possible prospects and has been used in economics as a descriptive theory to explain various phenomenon such as the purchase of insurance and gambling. However, the experimental tests of utility theory imply that the expected utility theory tends to be betrayed by people’s choices. In this paper, Kahneman and Tversky develop an alternative model, which is called prospect theory.
Growing Healthy Families: Household Production, Food Security, and Well‐Being in South Wollo, Ethiopia

Although many studies have focused on the socio-economic and nutritional status of Ethiopians, few have incorporated anthropometric measurements and structured questionnaires to explore the links between agriculture, development, and nutrition. Additionally, the research design included interviews with development agents, university faculty and staff, and community leaders from the Ethiopian highlands. A survey of 120 households in three districts of Ethiopia's famine belt revealed that a majority of households suffer from severe malnutrition. Anthropometric measures demonstrated that wasting and stunting rates are high. Furthermore, water usage, particularly irrigation and access to farmland, plays a significant role in crop diversity, food security, and household nutritional status. Interviews with farmers suggest there is a critical need for agricultural extension, with an emphasis on addressing gender-related issues, and research as it relates to crop and water management.
Contrasting Impacts of South and North Tropical Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on East Asian Summer Climate

Abstract Using observational data and model simulations, the author find that the North Indian Ocean (NIO) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies can trigger an eastward atmospheric Kelvin wave propagating into the equatorial western Pacific, inducing an anomalous anticyclone over the subtropical Northwest Pacific (NWP) and resulting in prominent summer climate anomalies in the East Asia-Northwest Pacific (EANWP) region. However, the response of tropospheric temperatures and atmospheric Kelvin waves to the South Indian Ocean (SIO) SST anomalies is weak; as a result, the impact of the SIO SST anomalies on the EANWP summer climate is weak. The contrasting impacts of NIO and SIO SST anomalies on the EANWP summer climate is possibly due to the different mean state of SSTs in the two regions. In summer, the climatological SSTs in the NIO are higher than in the SIO, leading to a stronger response of atmospheric convection to the NIO SST anomalies than to the SIO SST anomalies. Thus, compared with the SIO SST anomalies, the NIO SST anomalies can lead to stronger tropospheric air temperature anomalies and atmospheric Kelvin waves to affect the EANWP summer climate.
Short-term fluctuations of plasma NT-proBNP levels in patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation: a way to assess time of onset?

Objective The objective of this study was to characterise short-term kinetics of plasma amino-terminal pro-B natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels in patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) without heart failure. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Emergency departments and inpatient services of three large community hospitals. Patients 31 consecutive patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation (<24 h before presentation) persisting at least 48 h, without evidence of heart failure. Main outcome measures Plasma NT-proBNP levels were obtained at presentation and then 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after presentation. A final sample was obtained 48 h after onset of AF. Results Mean plasma NT-proBNP levels and 95% CIs (pg/ml) during the 48-h period following onset of AF were: 0–6 h: 636 (395 to 928), 6–12 h: 1364 (951 to 1778), 12–18 h: 1747 (1412 to 2083), 18–24 h: 1901 (1549 to 2253), 24–36 h: 1744 (1423 to 2066) and 36–48 h: 1101 (829 to 1373). Mean time to peak NT-proBNP levels was 16.7 (0.7) h; 29 patients reached their peak levels within 24 h. The mean peak NT-proBNP level was significantly higher than those obtained at 0–6 h and at 36–48 h after onset of AF (p<0.001 for both). There was no correlation between ventricular rate and plasma NT-proBNP levels during any time period after onset of AF. Conclusion In patients with new-onset AF but no clinical or radiographic evidence of heart failure, plasma NT-proBNP levels rise progressively to a peak during the first 24 h and then rapidly fall. This pattern may serve as an aid to assess the time from AF onset.
Empirical Evidence of Regional Population Concentration in Europe

This paper presents empirical evidence to support the hypothesis that, over time, Europe’s population has undergone progressive regional concentration. Using data at the regional level from the first (1870) until the most recent (2000) available censuses, it is shown that the most densely populated areas in 1870 have continued to absorb subsequent population increase, and that as a result, territorial inequalities with respect to population have been exacerbated. Our main contribution consists of measuring this phenomenon and studying the spatial distribution of population in Europe from a historical perspective. For example, a high correlation (0.83) was found between the population density patterns for 1870 and 2000. These results allow a better understanding of the organisation of European society and more specifically of the phenomenon of counterurbanisation, which has traditionally been observed at the local level but not at the regional one. To make this possible, we have built a new and comprehensive database on the distribution of population in Central and Western Europe between 1870 and 2000. In this paper we explain the methodology followed, which involves the combination of historical information from a variety of sources, to produce a homogeneous, regionalscale database that considers changes in
Stormwater quality - lessons from the past, looking to the future

The impact of urbanisation of our catchments on the quantity and quality has been well documented. Urbanisation increases the runoff volume and pollutant loads released from a catchment compared to a natural system. So our industry continues to find new and improved practical solutions to the management of the increased runoff volumes and the amelioration of detrimental impacts on stormwater quality. This paper looks at the lessons learnt from the changes that stormwater quality management has taken over the last 10 years. It investigates the changes that have occurred on how the impact on stormwater quality from urbanisation is measured and the drivers for these changes. The paper presents how these changes have influenced the stormwater management methods and discusses the benefits and limitations of these changes. The paper also considers the influence the recent major flooding across Queensland has had on the management strategies. Flowing on from the changes to the way that stormwater quality is managed is its influence on the urban design and how it has changed its form and focus. The paper presents a reflection on how this has ultimately had an impact on the end user in new communities, particularly on the final construction and on-going maintenance requirements for treatment devices. The paper concludes with a vision for consideration on what the future may hold for stormwater quality management and challenges that will need to be overcome.
Changing consumption patterns of India: implications on future food demand

In Amarasinghe, Upali A. ; Shah, Tushaar; Malik, R. P. S. (Eds.). Strategic Analyses of the National River Linking Project (NRLP) of India, Series 1: India? s water future: scenarios and issues. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
Soil Organic Carbon Stock in Mixed Oak and Mixed Pine Forest of Kumaon Himalaya

In this study, soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and soil characteristics were measured in mixed oak and mixed pine forest for two years (2008-10) at different altitudes of Kumaon Himalaya. The study revealed that soil texture at selected sites varied from loam to sandy loam and soil pH ranged from slightly acidic to neutral. The SOC stock was found to be higher in mixed oak forests than mixed pine forests. The average SOC stock ranged from 110.37 to 125.03 ton/ha at nondegraded mixed oak forest site and 43.81 to 53.47 ton/ha at degraded mixed pine forest site. P 2 O 5 K 2 0, TN and C:N ratio were also found to be higher in mixed oak forest than mixed pine forest.
A new occurrence of aegirine in Norway

Aegirine and acmite* have been reported from many locations in Norway (Neumann 1985), usually related to alkaline igneous rocks. However, the only descriptions that give data on the chemical composition are those from the type localities in Permian rocks of the Oslo Region (Brögger 1890; Murad 2006) and from syenite pegmatites in the southern part of the Oslo Region (Larsen & Raade, 1997). Thus, Brögger (1890) presented chemical analyses of acmite and aegirine from the type areas in Nedre Eiker and Langesundsfjorden, respectively. Aegirine from the type locality has 77% of the NaFeSi 2 O 6 (Ae) component, whereas the acmite has 89% Ae. Larsen & Raade (1997) presented c. 30 XRF and /or EMP analyses of pyroxenes from syenite pegmatites of the southern part of the Oslo Region. These show a wide range in composition, and some have up to 95% of the Ae component. Whereas many of these pyroxenes have Q (the “quadrilateral” pyroxene component) contents in the 10–20% range, most of the Na-rich pyroxenes (Ae > 90) are generally low in the NaAlSi 2 O 6 , or jadeite (Jd) component (1.6–4.7%), and Q varies in the 4–6% range. In a recent account, Murad (2006) reported analyses of aegirine from Låven Island in Langesundsfjorden (type locality) as Ae = 78, Jd = 4 and Q = 19, which is almost identical to Brögger’s data from 1890 (op.cit., p. 298).
Eating on the Edge. A study focusing on dietary habits and nutritional status among illicit drug addicts in Oslo, Norway

Objectives: To investigate nutritional status and related living conditions among drug addicts in Oslo. Design: A cross-sectional study of nutritional status evaluated by anthropometric and biochemical measurements; a structured interview concerning education, living conditions, income source, drug history and sex practice; and biochemical testing of sexually transmitted infections. Setting: The present study was conducted between November 2001 and April 2003 in locations where the drug addicts reside in Oslo. Subjects: A total of 123 male and seventy-two female addicts using drugs by injections regularly. Results: We found that 20% of the women were moderately underweight (BMI in kg/m) (16? 5,BMI, 18? 5), 7% were severely underweight (BMI# 16? 5) and 3% of the men were moderately underweight (16? 5,BMI, 18? 5). BMI was positively correlated with days institutionalised and number of eating events per day. Respondents sleeping rough had significantly reduced BMI compared to those in hostels and shelters. The concentrations of Hb, serum ferritin and albumin supported a higher prevalence of malnutrition among the women. Hepatitis C was found in 85%, active hepatitis B in 6% and less than 2% were HIV positive. Also, 84% received public financial support, 38% of the women had prostitution as a significant income source, while burglary was most prevalent among the men; 20% were pushing drugs. Conclusion: Malnutrition among the drug addicts varied from 5% to 30%, independent of drug history, education and income. Moderate and severe underweight was most prevalent among the women. Being previously institutionalised and having increased number of eating events increased BMI. Sleeping rough correlated with reduced body weight. Hepatitis C infection was common; hepatitis B and HIV were rare.
Correlations between solid tides and worldwide earthquakes M S ≥ 7.0 since 1900

Abstract. Most studies on the correlations between earthquakes and solid tides mainly concluded the syzygies (i.e. new or full moons) of each lunar cycle have more earthquakes than other days in the month. We show a correlation between the aftershock sequence of the ML = 6.3 Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquake and the diurnal solid tide. Ms ≥ 7 earthquakes worldwide since 1900 are more likely to occur during the 0°, 90°, 180° or 270° phases (i.e. earthquake-prone phases) of the semidiurnal solid earth tidal curve (M2). Thus, the semidiurnal solid tides triggers earthquakes. However, the long-term triggering effect of the lunar periodicity is uncertain. This proposal is helpful in defining possible origin times of aftershocks several days after a mainshock and can be used for warning of subsequent larger shocks.
Future impacts of freshwater resource management: sensitivity of coastal deltas

We present an assessment of contemporary and future effective sea-level rise (ESLR) using a sample of 40 deltas distributed worldwide. For any delta, ESLR is a net rate defined by eustatic sea-level rise, natural gross rates of fluvial sediment deposition and subsidence, and accelerated subsidence due to groundwater and hydrocarbon extraction. Present-day ESLR, estimated from geospatial data and a simple model of deltaic dynamics, ranges from 0.5 to 12.5 mm year -1 . Reduced accretion of fluvial sediment from upstream siltation of reservoirs and freshwater consumptive irrigation losses are primary determinants of ESLR in nearly 70% of the deltas, while for only 12% eustatic sea-level rise predominates. Future scenarios indicate a much larger impact on deltas than previously estimated. Serious challenges to human occupancy of deltas worldwide are conveyed by upland watershed factors, which have been studied less comprehensively than the climate change and sea-level rise question.
Carbon sequestration potential in soil and biomass of Jatropha curcas.

A study was carried out to determine the potential of Jatropha curcas, a biofuel crop to sequester carbon by measuring how litterfall, biomass production and canopy photosynthesis rate can offset soil respiration. Litterfall production and its decomposability was monitored monthly for 10 months, biomass production was determined through destructive harvesting while canopy photosynthesis rate and soil respiration was measured using a portable photosynthesis meter system and an automated soil CO2 flux system, respectively. Biomass of a 32-month old Jatropha curcas sequestered 13.0 Mg C/ha, while 2-year old Jatropha curcas had a canopy photosynthesis rate of 29.59 μmol/m/s. The combination of these two parameters offsets emission from soil respiration that ranged between 0.84 to 1. 04μmol/m/s. Litterfall despite being highly decomposable did not contribute to soil total carbon.
BARREIRAS COSTEIRAS HOLOCÊNICAS: GEOMORFOLOGIA E ARQUITETURA DEPOSICIONAL NO LITORAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar a morfologia e arquitetura deposicional dos principais tipos de barreiras costeiras holocenicas, a partir de exemplos do litoral do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho se concentrou em trechos do litoral centro-norte do Rio de Janeiro, abarcando a planicie do Pero em Cabo Frio, o litoral de Quissama e a planicie deltaica do rio Paraiba do Sul, em Gargau. Foram utilizados dados morfologicos e morfodinâmicos a partir de levantamentos topograficos transversais a praia, e tambem por mapeamento em planta em escala de detalhe e regional. A arquitetura deposicional foi obtida com sistema GPR em modo Common-Offset, com antena de 400 Mhz. Em Gargau, a morfologia de cristas de praia reflete a migracao do ambiente praial sobre a antepraia, compondo uma planicie costeira regressiva, associado ao aporte fluvial do rio Paraiba do Sul. Foi estimada uma progradacao de aproximadamente 12 m/ano. Em Quissama, a morfologia da barreira truncando lagunas costeiras evidencia a composicao transgressiva, tambem expressa nas radarfacies de leques de transposicao, deposito lagunar e esporao. Estes corpos lagunares tem sido associados ao maximo transgressivo Holocenico, entre 6.000 a 5.000 anos A.P. Esta area nao recebe aporte sedimentar moderno do rio Paraiba do Sul sendo, provavelmente, um fator para as condicoes transgressivas da barreira. O monitoramento da linha de costa tem indicado um recuo da escarpa erosiva em torno de 1m/ano. A tipologia de barreira agradacional foi identificada na praia do Pero, caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de dunas frontais sobre substrato praial ou lagunar. A arquitetura interna apresenta radarfacies eolicas que foram transportadas por ventos de mar pra terra e fixadas pela vegetacao. O estado intermediario/dissipativo da praia tambem e um elemento importante para o desenvolvimento das dunas frontais e consequente empilhamento vertical da barreira. O comportamento da linha de costa e estavel e a barreira apresenta boa resiliencia para recuperacao frente aos eventos de tempestade. Conclui-se que, mesmo com a diminuicao relativa do nivel do mar durante o Holoceno Tardio, outros fatores influenciam a morfologia e a arquitetura deposicional das barreiras costeiras ao longo do litoral do Rio de Janeiro, tais como o aporte sedimentar, a exposicao a eventos de tempestade, a morfodinâmica de praia e potencial eolico. Ressalta-se, ainda, a importância da integracao de dados geofisicos e geomorfologicos nos resultados apresentados.