Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversity and distribution of medicinal plants in North Sinai, Egypt

The present study aims to assess plant diversity and distribution of medicinal plants in relation to environmental factors at three geomorphological districts (Mediterranean coast, anticlines, and inland) and five main habitats (salt marshes, sand dunes, sand plains, wadis, and gorges) in North Sinai. The results revealed that North Sinai harbors 281 species with high taxonomic diversity (species/genera = 1.49) and high percentage of rare and very rare species (67%). Mediterranean coastal district and anticlines district are more diverse than inland district. Medicinal plants constitute 43% of North Sinai flora. Species richness, Shannon-Weiner H, and Margalef indices measurements indicated that gorges are the most diverse habitat in North Sinai followed by wadis. Plains have intermediate diversity followed by sand dunes. The lowest diversity indices were recorded at salt marshes habitat. Beta diversity measurements, using Wilson and Schmida index (�T), indicated significant changes in floristic compositions between different habitats. The lowest changes were among sand plain, wadi, and gorge habitats. North Sinai habitats support about 100 to 120 medicinal plant associations. The main dominant species include Artemisia monosperma, Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Lycium shawii, Retama raetam, Stipagrostis scoparia, Tamarix nilotica, Zygophyllum album, and Zygophyllum dumosum. Soil physical properties in addition to soil salinity and topographic variations are the main driving factors controlling the distribution of medicinal plants in North Sinai. About 60% of medicinal plants are threatened due to intensive collection and other human activities. The threatened medicinal plants including Acacia pachyceras, Acacia tortilis, Anastatica hierochuntica, Asclepias sinaica, Capparis spinosa, Chiliadenus montanus, Citrulus colocynthis, Ephedra alata, and Juniperus phoenicea along with their habitats should have the first priority in management and conservation plan of medicinal plants in North Sinai. Public and private involvement in management and utilization of medicinal plants in sustainable way is essential to combat human pressures on these valuable natural resources.
Wave ‘set-down’ and set-Up

‘Set-down’ and set-up, the negative and positive changes in mean water level due to the presence of a train of surface waves, was measured in a wave channel. Well outside the break point the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical relationship determined by Longuet-Higgins and Stewart. Near the break point, where the wave height is greater than predicted by first-order wave theory, the measured ‘set-down’ was consistently less than theory would predict from the deep water wave height. Inside the break point the bore height was found to be a linear function of the mean water depth. In this region, the gradient of the set-up, , was related to the beach slope tan β and the mean ratio of wave height to water depth by the equation .
Radiative forcing in the 21st century due to ozone changes in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere

ranging from 0.40 to 0.78 W m 2 on a global and annual average. The lower stratosphere contributes an additional 7.5–9.3 DU to the calculated increase in the ozone column, increasing radiative forcing by 0.15–0.17 W m 2 . The modeled radiative forcing depends on the height distribution and geographical pattern of predicted ozone changes and shows a distinct seasonal variation. Despite the large variations between the 11 participating models, the calculated range for normalized radiative forcing is within 25%, indicating the ability to scale radiative forcing to global-mean ozone column change. INDEX TERMS: 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry; 0341 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere—constituent transport and chemistry (3334) Citation: Gauss, M. , et al., Radiative forcing in the 21st century due to ozone changes in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D9), 4292, doi:10.1029/2002JD002624, 2003.
Testing a cellular modelling approach to simulating late-Holocene sediment and water transfer from catchment to lake in the French Alps since 1826

This paper describes the application of a hydrogeomorphological numerical model (CAESAR) to simulate, at hourly time steps, changes in the hydrological and sediment regime of the Petit lac d'Annecy catchment. The outputs of the model were validated in three ways. In the short term (~5 years), water discharge outputs were compared against observed instrumental data. Over the longer term, modelled sediment discharge (AD 1825—2005) was compared with proxies for detrital sediment influx (environmental magnetism) and accumulation rates discerned from a 210Pb chronology for the lake sediments. Finally, spatial validation of the modelled erosion and deposition of sediment was undertaken by comparison with a field and remotely sensed survey of catchment geomorphology. The results suggest that while minor perturbations in forest cover during the last 180 years have partially conditioned the response of the sediment system, the bulk of modelled sediment discharge and particularly the peaks in sediment discharge were controlled by flood duration and magnitude, which in turn is driven by precipitation (storms/floods) and snowmelt. Basin geometry and geomorphology of each sub-catchment (Ire and Tamie) were also important in producing differences in the modelled sediment discharge. In essence, these differences were a function of sediment accommodation space and the ability of each system to store and release sediments. Modelled sediment discharge and χpara (lake sediments) display similar histories, and thus are both interpreted as reflecting variations in detrital sediment supply. Intriguingly the style of modelled sediment discharge from the Ire, a confined mountain torrent, displays a greater similarity to and perhaps dominates the lake sediment record. These results provide partial validation of the CAESAR model and indicate that perhaps in the future it may be used as an exploratory and predictive tool in determining the impact of changes in climate, meteorology and land use on lake-catchment systems.
Carbon trace gas fluxes along a successional gradient in the Hudson Bay lowland

Patterns and controls of carbon trace gas emissions from wetlands may vary depending upon the spatial and temporal scale being examined. The factors affecting these emissions are thought to be hierarchically related according to their respective scales of importance. A hierarchical model of processes controlling methane emissions from wetlands is presented and examined here. During the 1990 Northern Wetlands Study (NOWES) methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) fluxes were measured in static chambers along a 100 km transect in the Hudson Bay lowland (HBL). Environmental variables, vegetation abundance, and ecosystem age and structure were also quantified at each sampling site. The findings indicate that CH4 emissions from peatlands (e.g., bogs and fens) and other wetlands (e.g., salt marshes) in the region were low, and were nil or negative (i.e., CH4 uptake) in forests and bog forests dominated by aspen and black spruce. Site to site variations in mean CH4 flux appeared to be most closely related to mean water table and sedge productivity, both of which are intercorrelated. Seasonal changes in CH4 flux tend to follow soil temperature fluctuations. Instantaneous CO2 and CH4 daytime fluxes exhibit a negative correlation, suggesting that photosynthetic assimilation of carbon may be related to CH4 emissions, although the processes of CO2 and CH4 production are occurring at somewhat different temporal scales. No diurnal variations in CH4 flux could be detected. While soil water pH trends are not fully explored, there is some indication that high CH4 fluxes are concentrated around pH 4 and pH 7. Soil temperature closely follows the seasonal progression of CH4 flux. Estimated CH4 seasonal flux (1.5–3.9 g CH4 m−2 season−1) and estimated aboveground net primary productivity (NPP) (90–400 g dry weight m−2 season−1) show systematic changes along a successional sequence which are consistent with patterns predicted from successional theory. Estimated seasonal NMHC emissions (0.5–1.4 g C m−2 season−1) exhibit an increase along the succession from salt marsh to Sphagnum bog communities. Data from several studies were combined to estimate seasonal CO2 flux from three sites. The estimated fluxes range from a net uptake of 23 g CO2 m−2 season−1 to a net loss of 77 g CO2 m−2 season−1, although there are large uncertainties in these estimates. It is inferred from the assessment of ecosystem age and structure that disturbance effects and successional changes occurring over hundreds to thousands of years in the HBL strongly control regional CH4, CO2 and NMHC emissions by influencing NPP, species composition, community structure, soil (peat) development, and landscape hydrology. Given this, it is likely that models of carbon trace gas flux based on succession models may be useful in predicting climate change-landscape change feedbacks.
The Zonal Asymmetry of the Southern Hemisphere Winter Storm Track

Atmospheric general circulation model experiments have been performed to investigate how the significant zonal asymmetry in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) winter storm track is forced by sea surface temperature (SST) and orography. An experiment with zonally symmetric tropical SSTs expands the SH upper-tropospheric storm track poleward and eastward and destroys its spiral structure. Diagnosis suggests that these aspects of the observed storm track result from Rossby wave propagation from a wave source in the Indian Ocean region associated with the monsoon there. The lower-tropospheric storm track is not sensitive to this forcing. However, an experiment with zonally symmetric midlatitude SSTs exhibits a marked reduction in the magnitude of the maximum intensity of the lower-tropospheric storm track associated with reduced SST gradients in the western Indian Ocean. Experiments without the elevation of the South African Plateau or the Andes show reductions in the intensity of the major storm track downstream of them due to reduced cyclogenesis associated with the topography. These results suggest that the zonal asymmetry of the SH winter storm track is mainly established by stationary waves excited by zonal asymmetry in tropical SST in the upper troposphere and by local SST gradients in the lower troposphere, and that it is modified through cyclogenesis associated with the topography of South Africa and South America.
The Citizenship Criterias for the Candidacy in Indonesian General Election: The Formality of Validation Process

Democracy is a system where the government should prioritize the people’s aspiration in implementing the policies because the people are a source of the power itself. A good Election system is a key of a good democracy system. This article is a research result of the citizenship validation in a government election. In fact, the citizenship validation mechanism is still not available in Indonesia as some violation cases happened during the Regent Election 2020 in Sabu Raijua. This research uses qualitative method and reference study analysist approach to deeply analyze the implementation of the citizenship validation during the general election in Indonesia. In addition, the theory of system and the concept of the democracy will be also used as an analysist so that it can give some descriptions and considerations to improve the quality of the next general election in Indonesia. The citizenship validation process also can be applied in other government administration affairs to support a better democracy implementation in the future.
Switching of RNA splicing regulators in immature neuroblasts: a key step in adult neurogenesis

The lateral wall of the subventricular zone harbors neural stem cells (NSC, B cells) which generate proliferating transient-amplifying progenitors (TAP, C cells) that ultimately give rise to neuroblasts (NB, A cells). Molecular profiling at the single cell level struggles to distinguish these different cell types. Here, we combined transcriptome analyses of FACS-sorted cells and single-cell RNAseq to demonstrate the existence of an abundant, clonogenic and multipotent population of immature neuroblasts (iNB cells) at the transition between TAP and migrating NB (mNB). iNB are reversibly engaged in neuronal differentiation. Indeed, they keep molecular features of both undifferentiated progenitors, plasticity and unexpected regenerative properties. Strikingly, they undergo important progressive molecular switches, including changes in the expression of splicing regulators leading to their differentiation in mNB subdividing them into 2 subtypes, iNB1 and iNB2. Due to their plastic properties, iNB could represent a new target for regenerative therapy of brain damage.
Estudo sobre a aplicação foliar de acibenzolar-s-metil para indução de resistencia à ferrugem asiática em soja e cercosporiose em milho

Induced systemic resistance may present promising benefits for the management of various diseases of plants. In soybeans and corn this tactic could bring benefits such as reduction of damage and lower production costs. In order to evaluate the effects of the application of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) on soybeans and corn for the control of Phakopsora pachyrhizi H. Sydow & P. Sydow and Cercospora spp. (C. zeae-maydis Tehon & Daniels, Zeina C. Crous & U. Braun and C. sorghi var. Maydis Everh & Ellis), four field experiments were conducted with these crops.
Front-row Seat of the Recent R Aqr Periastron Passage: X-Ray Multiepoch Spectral and Spatial Analysis

We report on the X-ray spectral and spatial evolution of the symbiotic star R Aqr. Through a multiepoch observational campaign performed with Chandra between 2017 and 2022, we study the X-ray emission of this binary system, composed of an evolved red giant star and a white dwarf (WD). This analysis is particularly timely as the WD approached the periastron in late 2018/early 2019; thus, mass transfer, jet emission, and outburst phenomena are to be expected. Through detailed spectral analysis, we detect a significant rise in the soft X-ray (0.5–2 keV) emission of R Aqr, likely linked to jet emission, followed by a decay toward the previous quiescent state. The hard X-ray emission (5–8 keV) is not immediately affected by the periastron passage; the hard component, after maintaining the same flux level between 2017 and 2021, rapidly decays after 2022. Possible explanations for this are a change in the reflection properties of the medium surrounding the binary, obscuration of the central region by material ejected during the periastron passage, or even the partial/complete destruction of the inner regions of the accretion disk surrounding the WD. In addition to this activity in the central region, extended emission is also detected, likely linked to a hot spot in a pre-outburst-emitted jet, which can be observed moving away from the system’s central region.
Influence of Intercropping Maize with Alfalfa on Runoff and Sediment Yield after Rainfall on Loess Slope Land

Through observing characteristics of runoff and sediment yield after rainfall on loess slope land under different strip width intercropping maize with alfalfa,the influence of different tillage modes and slope change on runoff and sediment yield under the same rainfall condition is studied in this paper.The results show that at the test runoff plot with the gradients of 5°,10° and 15°,firstly,compared with the bare soil treatment,the runoff yield at monoculture corn fields reduced by 29.2%,15.8% and 12.2%,respectively;that at monoculture alfalfa field reduced by 78.5%,73.5% and 75%,respectively;that at intercropping maize with alfalfa field reduced by 75.1%,58.9% and 51.3%,respectively.Secondly,the sediment yield at monoculture corn fields reduced by 39.0%,29.9% and 22.0%,respectively;that at monoculture alfalfa field reduced by 79.2%,84.5% and 93.2%,respectively;that at intercropping maize with alfalfa field reduced by 74.0%,82.3% and 89.5%,respectively.Thirdly,the amount of runoff and sediment yield increases with the increase of gradient for each treatment.In the intercropping plots,the plots with gradient of 10°have higher average runoff and sediment yield than plots with gradient of 5°by 81.1% and 73.2%,respectively.The plots with gradient of 15°have higher average runoff and sediment yield than plots with gradient of 5°by 84.7% and 81.3%,respectively.The plots with gradient of 15°have higher average runoff and sediment yield than plots with gradient of 10°by 19.0% and 30.2%,respectively.
Dynamic parameterized learning for unsupervised domain adaptation

Unsupervised domain adaptation enables neural networks to transfer from a labeled source domain to an unlabeled target domain by learning domain-invariant representations. Recent approaches achieve this by directly matching the marginal distributions of these two domains. Most of them, however, ignore exploration of the dynamic trade-off between domain alignment and semantic discrimination learning, thus rendering them susceptible to the problems of negative transfer and outlier samples. To address these issues, we introduce the dynamic parameterized learning framework. First, by exploring domain-level semantic knowledge, the dynamic alignment parameter is proposed, to adaptively adjust the optimization steps of domain alignment and semantic discrimination learning. Besides, for obtaining semantic-discriminative and domain-invariant representations, we propose to align training trajectories on both source and target domains. Comprehensive experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods, and extensive comparisons are conducted on seven datasets of three visual tasks to demonstrate their practicability.
PI2-CMA Based Trajectory Planning Method for the Tractor-Trailer Vehicle

The motion primitive-based state lattice trajectory planning method has been widely used in the field of trajectory planning. However, due to the limitations of the search space and resolution of motion primitives, and the lack of consideration of scenario information during offline generation of motion primitives, the tractor-trailer vehicles can easily fall into "jackknife phenomenon" when making large pose adjustments in narrow scenarios, which brings dilemma for trajectory planning. In this paper, a trajectory planning algorithm is proposed based on a general model of tractor-trailer vehicle, which combines global planning and local optimization. The method first generates a series of motion primitives, including forward and backward driving conditions, and then an A∗ based global state lattice planner is used to obtain a planning result, which is imported as the initial solution into the local trajectory optimizer based on PI2 − CMA (Path Integral Policy Improvement with Covariance Matrix Adaptation) algorithm and dynamic potential method. Experiments show that this method significantly improves the performance in the obstacle avoidance, "jackknife phenomenon" avoidance and curvature compared to traditional motion primitive-based state lattice planning methods.
DocBinFormer: A Two-Level Transformer Network for Effective Document Image Binarization

In real life, various degradation scenarios exist that might damage document images, making it harder to recognize and analyze them, thus binarization is a fundamental and crucial step for achieving the most optimal performance in any document analysis task. We propose DocBinFormer (Document Binarization Transformer), a novel two-level vision transformer (TL-ViT) architecture based on vision transformers for effective document image binarization. The presented architecture employs a two-level transformer encoder to effectively capture both global and local feature representation from the input images. These complimentary bi-level features are exploited for efficient document image binarization, resulting in improved results for system-generated as well as handwritten document images in a comprehensive approach. With the absence of convolutional layers, the transformer encoder uses the pixel patches and sub-patches along with their positional information to operate directly on them, while the decoder generates a clean (binarized) output image from the latent representation of the patches. Instead of using a simple vision transformer block to extract information from the image patches, the proposed architecture uses two transformer blocks for greater coverage of the extracted feature space on a global and local scale. The encoded feature representation is used by the decoder block to generate the corresponding binarized output. Extensive experiments on a variety of DIBCO and H-DIBCO benchmarks show that the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art techniques on four metrics. The source code will be made available at https://github.com/RisabBiswas/DocBinFormer.
Determinants of Interest in the Use of Islamic Digital Wallets

This study aims to determine the effect of variables perceived ease of use (X1), perceived usefulness (X2), perceived risk (X3), perceived security (X4), and trust (X5) on student interest in using LinkAja Syariah services by using an approach The Theory Acceptance Model (TAM). The data used are primary data by using the method of distributing questionnaires via google-form. The technique used in this research is using purposive sampling. The number of respondents obtained in this study was 280 respondents. The analytical technique used in this study uses the Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method. The results of this study indicate that perceived ease of use, perceived risk, perceived security, and trust have a positive and significant effect on student interest in using LinkAja Syariah services. While the perceived usefulness variable does not affect student interest in using the LinkAja Syariah service. This study implies that this study can be an input for business leaders, especially those involved in electronic payment services, to pay attention to the perceived interest, usefulness and usefulness, perceived benefits, perceived risks, security, and confidence in improving the quality of e-services portfolio services. Based on the results of this study, perceived usefulness may not affect preference to use LinkAja Syariah, so other variables should be included in further research.
Near-tropical Early Eocene terrestrial temperatures at the Australo-Antarctic margin, western Tasmania

A worldwide greenhouse warm climate prevailed in the Early Eocene, and nowhere was warming more dramatic than at high latitudes. Sea-surface temperatures of ∼34 °C have been estimated for a site at paleolatitude 65°S on the East Tasman Plateau of the southwest Pacific Ocean, but these estimates require independent validation, including from terrestrial proxies. Here we determine a near-tropical terrestrial mean annual temperature estimate of ∼24 °C at sea level for an Early Eocene site in Tasmania, Australia, using three proxies based on well-dated estuarine plant fossils. This estimate is lower than the nearby sea estimates to the east, but similarly suggests that, as in the southwest Pacific, Early Eocene climates in the eastern Australo-Antarctic region were warmer than inferred elsewhere at high latitudes, including on the Antarctic Peninsula. Such data are essential for improving our understanding of climatic and biotic evolution in the Southern Hemisphere.