Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A GENERAL RELATIVISTIC MODEL OF ACCRETION DISKS WITH CORONAE SURROUNDING KERR BLACK HOLES

We calculate the structure of a standard accretion disk with a corona surrounding a massive Kerr black hole in the general relativistic frame, in which the corona is assumed to be heated by the reconnection of the strongly buoyant magnetic fields generated in the cold accretion disk. The emergent spectra of accretion disk–corona systems are calculated by using the relativistic ray-tracing method. We propose a new method to calculate the emergent Comptonized spectra from the coronae. The spectra of disk–corona systems with a modified α-magnetic stress show that both the hard X-ray spectral index and the hard X-ray bolometric correction factor Lbol/LX, 2–10 keV increase with the dimensionless mass accretion rate, which is qualitatively consistent with the observations of active galactic nuclei. The fraction of the power dissipated in the corona decreases with increasing black hole spin parameter a, which leads to lower electron temperatures of the coronae for rapidly spinning black holes. The X-ray emission from the coronae surrounding rapidly spinning black holes becomes weak and soft. The ratio of the X-ray luminosity to the optical/UV luminosity increases with the viewing angle, while the spectral shape in the X-ray band is insensitive to the viewing angle. We find that the spectral index in the infrared waveband depends on the mass accretion rate and the black hole spin a, which deviates from the fν∝ν1/3 relation expected by the standard thin disk model.
FORMATION OF COMPACT CLUSTERS FROM HIGH RESOLUTION HYBRID COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS

The early universe hosted a large population of small dark matter “minihalos” that were too small to cool and form stars on their own. These existed as static objects around larger galaxies until acted upon by some outside influence. Outflows, which have been observed around a variety of galaxies, can provide this influence in such a way as to collapse, rather than disperse, the minihalo gas. Gray & Scannapieco performed an investigation in which idealized spherically symmetric minihalos were struck by enriched outflows. Here we perform high-resolution cosmological simulations that form realistic minihalos, which we then extract to perform a large suite of simulations of outflow–minihalo interactions including non-equilibrium chemical reactions. In all models, the shocked minihalo forms molecules through non-equilibrium reaction, and then cools to form dense, chemically homogenous clumps of star-forming gas. The formation of these high-redshift clusters may be observable with the next generation of telescopes and the largest of them should survive to the present-day, having properties similar to halo globular clusters.
Effect of thyme oil and nisin on Bacillus cereus in chicken fillet

Keywords Extension of the shelf-life stability and food safety is the major goal recommended for chicken fillet processing. A total of 2100 g fresh chicken fillet were divided into 7 equal groups (3×100 g per each). The 1 st group was negative control and other six group were inoculated by Bacillus cereus with an infective dose 5.2×10 7 cfu/g and treated with thyme oil (1.0 % and 1.5%), nisin (50 ppm and 100 ppm) and mixture of them at (1.5% and 100 ppm). All chicken fillet samples were stored at 4˚C in refrigerator. The groups were examined every 48 hours for sensory examination (overall acceptability) and Bacillus cereus count. The experiment was performed in triplicate. Thyme oil (1% and 1.5%) decreased the count of Bacillus cereus with reduction percentage 21.2% and 53.8 % on the 4 th day and 6 th day of storage, respectively. Nisin (50 and 100 ppm) decreased the count of Bacillus cereus with reduction percentages 86.7% and 93.1% on the 8 th day and 10 th day of storage, respectively. Mixture of (thyme and nisin) decreased the count of Bacillus cereus with reduction percentage 98.5% and 100% on the 10 th and 12 th day of storage, respectively. Generally, mixture of thyme oil and nisin (1.5% and 100 ppm) proved to be more efficient than other concentrations in suppression of Bacillus cereus growth in chicken fillet and also showed overall acceptability until the 12 th day of storage. Therefore, it is recommended to improve shelf-life and safety of the fresh chicken fillet.
On the maximum entropy principle and the minimization of the Fisher information in Tsallis statistics

We give a new proof of the theorems on the maximum entropy principle in Tsallis statistics. That is, we show that the q-canonical distribution attains the maximum value of the Tsallis entropy, subject to the constraint on the q-expectation value, and the q-Gaussian distribution attains the maximum value of the Tsallis entropy, subject to the constraint on the q-variance, as applications of the non-negativity of the Tsallis relative entropy, without using the Lagrange multipliers method. In addition, we define a q-Fisher information and then prove a q-Cramer–Rao inequality that the q-Gaussian distribution with special q-variances attains the minimum value of the q-Fisher information.
The VMC Survey - XXIV. Signatures of tidally stripped stellar populations from the inner Small Magellanic Cloud

We study the luminosity function of intermediate-age red-clump stars using deep, near-infrared photometric data covering $\sim$ 20 deg$^2$ located throughout the central part of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), comprising the main body and the galaxy's eastern wing, based on observations obtained with the VISTA Survey of the Magellanic Clouds (VMC). We identified regions which show a foreground population ($\sim$11.8 $\pm$ 2.0 kpc in front of the main body) in the form of a distance bimodality in the red-clump distribution. The most likely explanation for the origin of this feature is tidal stripping from the SMC rather than the extended stellar haloes of the Magellanic Clouds and/or tidally stripped stars from the Large Magellanic Cloud. The homogeneous and continuous VMC data trace this feature in the direction of the Magellanic Bridge and, particularly, identify (for the first time) the inner region ($\sim$ 2 -- 2.5 kpc from the centre) from where the signatures of interactions start becoming evident. This result provides observational evidence of the formation of the Magellanic Bridge from tidally stripped material from the SMC.
Photometric scaling relations of antitruncated stellar discs in S0-Scd galaxies

It has been recently found that the characteristic photometric parameters of antitruncated discs in S0 galaxies follow tight scaling relations. We investigate if similar scaling relations are satisfied by galaxies of other morphological types. We have analysed the trends in several photometric planes relating the characteristic surface brightness and scalelengths of the breaks and the inner and outer discs of local antitruncated S0-Scd galaxies, using published data and fits performed to the surface brightness profiles of two samples of Type-III galaxies in the R and Spitzer 3.6 microns bands. We have performed linear fits to the correlations followed by different galaxy types in each plane, as well as several statistical tests to determine their significance. We have found that: 1) the antitruncated discs of all galaxy types from Sa to Scd obey tight scaling relations both in R and 3.6 microns, as observed in S0s; 2) the majority of these correlations are significant accounting for the numbers of the available data samples; 3) the trends are clearly linear when the characteristic scalelengths are plotted on a logarithmic scale; and 4) the correlations relating the characteristic surface brightnesses of the inner and outer discs and the breaks with the various characteristic scalelengths significantly improve when the latter are normalized to the optical radius of the galaxy. The results suggest that the scaling relations of Type-III discs are independent of the morphological type and the presence (or absence) of bars within the observational uncertainties of the available datasets, although larger and deeper samples are required to confirm this. The tight structural coupling implied by these scaling relations impose strong constraints on the mechanisms proposed for explaining the formation of antitruncated stellar discs in the galaxies across the whole Hubble Sequence (Abridged).
NEW LIMITS ON EARLY DARK ENERGY FROM THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE

We present new limits on early dark energy (EDE) from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) using data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellite on large angular scales and South Pole Telescope on small angular scales. We find a strong upper limit on the EDE density of Ωe < 0.018 at 95% confidence, a factor of three improvement over WMAP data alone. We show that adding lower-redshift probes of the expansion rate to the CMB data improves constraints on the dark energy equation of state, but not the EDE density. We also explain how small-scale CMB temperature anisotropy constrains EDE.
Emission-line stars in the LMC: the Armagh survey and a metacatalogue

[Aims] Accurate astrometry is required to reliably cross-match 20th-century photographic catalogues against 21st-century digital surveys. The present work provides modern-era identifications and astrometry for the 801 emission-line objects "of stellar appearance" in the Armagh survey (the largest of its nature to date). [Methods] Targets have been individually identified in digital images using the Armagh Atlas and, in most cases, unambiguously matched to entries in the UCAC astrometric catalogues. [Results] Astrometry with sub-arcsecond precision is now available for all the major photographic spectroscopic surveys of the LMC. The results are used to compile an annotated metacatalogue of 1675 individual, spectroscopically identified candidate H-alpha-emission stars, including detailed cross-matching between catalogues, and resolving many (though not all) identification ambiguities in individual primary sources.
Adverse clinical impact and outcome of inflammation and oxidative stress: Are the antioxidant properties of vitamin C helpful?

Inflammation and the oxidative stress are two main notorious driving forces behind the disease progression, deterioration and eventually the death of the individuals concerned. When these two aggravating factors have been effectively addressed, then the disorders affecting people can be under control and relief for the treating clinician. The patients can experience an improvement in health-related quality of life, or better total remission. This review evaluates the relation between oxidative stress in critically ill patients, vitamin C intake as an antioxidant and severity of illness. It also highlights the implications of these two processes in major disease areas, such as cancer, intensive care, sepsis, cardiology, rheumatology, and the damaging outcomes of the imbalance between the production of ROS and antioxidants. Citation: Herbert E, Fournier D. Adverse clinical impact and outcome of inflammation and oxidative stress: Are the antioxidant properties of vitamin C helpful? Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(4):710-719. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i5. 1993
THE STELLAR MASS GROWTH OF BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES IN THE IRAC SHALLOW CLUSTER SURVEY

The details of the stellar mass assembly of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) remain an unresolved problem in galaxy formation. We have developed a novel approach that allows us to construct a sample of clusters that form an evolutionary sequence, and have applied it to the Spitzer IRAC Shallow Cluster Survey (ISCS) to examine the evolution of BCGs in progenitors of present-day clusters with mass of (2.5–4.5) × 1014 M☉. We follow the cluster mass growth history extracted from a high resolution cosmological simulation, and then use an empirical method that infers the cluster mass based on the ranking of cluster luminosity to select high-z clusters of appropriate mass from ISCS to be progenitors of the given set of z = 0 clusters. We find that, between z = 1.5 and 0.5, the BCGs have grown in stellar mass by a factor of 2.3, which is well-matched by the predictions from a state-of-the-art semi-analytic model. Below z = 0.5 we see hints of differences in behavior between the model and observation.
Many-body breakdown of indirect gap in topological Kondo insulators

We show that the inclusion of nonlocal correlation effects in a variational wave function for the ground state of a topological Anderson lattice Hamiltonian is capable of describing both topologically trivial insulating phases and nontrivial ones characterized by an indirect gap, as well as its closure at the transition into a metallic phase. The method, though applied to an oversimplified model, thus captures the metallic and insulating states that are indeed observed in a variety of Kondo semiconductors, while accounting for topologically nontrivial band structures.
Jet contributions to the broad-band spectrum of Cyg X-1 in the hard state

We apply the jet model developed in the preceding paper of Zdziarski et al. to the hard-state emission spectra of Cyg X-1. We augment the model for the analytical treatment of the particle evolution beyond the energy dissipation region, and allow for various forms of the acceleration rate. We calculate the resulting electron and emission spectra as functions of the jet height, along with the emission spectra integrated over the outflow. The model accounts well for the observed radio, infrared, and GeV fluxes of the source, although the available data do not provide unique constraints on the model free parameters. The contribution of the jet emission in the UV--to--X-ray range turns out to be in all the cases negligible compared to the radiative output of the accretion component. Nevertheless, we find out that it is possible to account for the observed flux of Cyg X-1 at MeV energies by synchrotron jet emission, in accord with the recent claims of the detection of strong linear polarization of the source in that range. However, this is possible only assuming a very efficient particle acceleration leading to the formation of flat electron spectra, and jet magnetic fields much above the equipartition level.
The effect of gas fraction on the morphology and time-scales of disc galaxy mergers

The majority of galaxy mergers are expected to be minor mergers. The observational signatures of minor mergers are not well understood; thus, there exist few constraints on the minor merger rate. This paper seeks to address this gap in our understanding by determining if and when minor mergers exhibit disturbed morphologies and how they differ from the morphology of major mergers. We simulate a series of unequal-mass moderate gas-fraction disc galaxy mergers. With the resulting g-band images, we determine how the time-scale for identifying galaxy mergers via projected separation and quantitative morphology (the Gini coefficient G, asymmetry A and the second-order moment of the brightest 20 per cent of the light M 20 ) depends on the merger mass ratio, relative orientations and orbital parameters. We find that G-M 20 is as sensitive to 9:1 baryonic mass ratio mergers as 1:1 mergers, with observability time-scales of ∼0.2-0.4 Gyr. In contrast, asymmetry finds mergers with baryonic mass ratios between 4:1 and 1:1 (assuming local disc galaxy gas fractions). Asymmetry time-scales for moderate gas-fraction major disc mergers are ∼0.2-0.4 Gyr and less than 0.06 Gyr for moderate gas-fraction minor mergers. The relative orientations and orbits have little effect on the time-scales for morphological disturbances. Observational studies of close pairs often select major mergers by choosing paired galaxies with similar luminosities and/or stellar masses. Therefore, the various ways of finding galaxy mergers (G-M 20 , A, close pairs) are sensitive to galaxy mergers of different mass ratios. By comparing the frequency of mergers selected by different techniques, one may place empirical constraints on the major and minor galaxy merger rates.
Compliance with Disclosure Requirements for Interests in Joint Arrangements and Associates: Evidence from Egyptian Listed Companies

Purpose: Previous studies indicate that compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is not complete in many countries. This study empirically investigates, under the Egyptian version of IFRS, the extent to which listed companies in Egypt comply with disclosure requirements in accordance with Egyptian Accounting Standard No. 44, and provides evidence of factors associated with the level of compliance. The factors examined are sector type, the quality of the audit firm, and foreign activities. Design/methodology/approach: A disclosure index, which includes 29 items representing disclosure requirements under EAS 44, has been developed to examine the annual reports for the year 2020 for a sample of 99 companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange. Findings: The results indicate that the overall level of companies’ compliance is 62.5% of the disclosures required by EAS 44. This low level of compliance raises questions about the audit quality in Egypt, and add concerns about the lack of effective oversight in the Egyptian Stock Exchange. It also requires investigating the factors that explain this low level of compliance. Simple and multiple regressions were used to analyze the data and test hypotheses. The study found a significant positive relationship between each of foreign activities, the quality of the audit firm, and the compliance level with EAS 44. Moreover, the study found a significant negative relationship of the sector type and the compliance level. Research limitations: This study has some limitations: The disclosure index includes only mandatory items; The composition of the items in the disclosure index does not reflect their importance as perceived by users of financial information; The data used to test the company's compliance level and characteristics were collected manually from annual reports. Originality/value: The results contribute to the literature on compliance, and provide important insights for a post-implementation review by investigating the extent of disclosure by listed companies in Egypt.
Relativistic reflection from accretion disks in the population of Active Galactic Nuclei at z=0.5–4

We report the detection of relativistically broadened iron K alpha emission in the X-ray spectra of AGN detected in the 4Ms CDF-S. Using the Bayesian X-ray analysis (BXA) package, we fit 199 hard band (2-7 keV) selected sources in the redshift range z=0.5--4 with three models: (i) an absorbed power-law, (ii) the first model plus a narrow reflection component, and (iii) the second model with an additional relativistic broadened reflection. The Bayesian evidence for the full sample of sources selects the model with the additional broad component as being 10^5 times more probable to describe the data better than the second model. For the two brightest sources in our sample, CID 190 (z=0.734) and CID 104 (z=0.543), BXA reveals the relativistic signatures in the individual spectra. We estimate the fraction of sources containing a broad component to be 54^{+35}_{-37}% (107/199 sources). Considering that the low signal-to-noise ratio of some spectra prevents the detection of the broad iron K alpha line, we infer an intrinsic fraction with broad emission of around two thirds. The detection of relativistic signatures in the X-ray spectra of these sources suggests that they are powered by a radiatively efficient accretion disk. Preliminary evidence is found that the spin of the black hole is high, with a maximally spinning Kerr BH model (a=1) providing a significantly better fit than a Schwarzschild model (a=0). Our analysis demonstrate the potential of X-ray spectroscopy to measure this key parameter in typical SMBH systems at the peak of BH growth.
Robust Inference for Non-Gaussian SVAR models

All parameters in structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) models are locally identified when the structural shocks are independent and follow non-Gaussian distributions. Unfortunately, standard inference methods that exploit such features of the data for identification fail to yield correct coverage for structural functions of the model parameters when deviations from Gaussianity are small. To this extent, we propose a robust semi-parametric approach to conduct hypothesis tests and construct confidence sets for structural functions in SVAR models. The methodology fully exploits non-Gaussianity when it is present, but yields correct size / coverage regardless of the distance to the Gaussian distribution. Empirically we revisit two macroeconomic SVAR studies where we document mixed results. For the oil price model of Kilian and Murphy (2012) we find that non-Gaussianity can robustly identify reasonable confidence sets, whereas for the labour supply-demand model of Baumeister and Hamilton (2015) this is not the case. Moreover, these exercises highlight the importance of using weak identification robust methods to assess estimation uncertainty when using non-Gaussianity for identification. JEL classification: C32, C39, C51
Mitochondrial Genome with Intrinsic Protein Disorder Potentiality Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

T HE current Study intends to study the mitochondrial genome proteins specifically focusing on the distribution of intrinsically disordered regions within these proteins. The UniProt were employed to obtain amino acid sequences of the mitochondrial proteins. Next, the ob tained sequences were studied to identify their unique features. We used the PONDR VSL2 algorithm to assess the proteins for any order or disorder. According to study results, mito chondrial genome proteins were expected to depict unexpected levels of intrinsic disorder. The results also indicated the possibility of presence of 7 intrinsic disorder regions within these proteins. The disordered regions were mostly found to be associated with protein–protein in -teractions. The research indicated the presence of two to nine molecular recognition features in the assessed mitochondrial proteins. These features included short structure-prone segments, location of mitochondrial proteins inside long disordered regions and the feature of showing disorder-to-order transition during binding. Moreover, such regions were attributed with a num ber of sites characterized with posttranslational modifications. According to the analysis, there may be many disordered regions present within mitochondrial genome proteins leading to mul tifunctional nature of mitochondrial genome proteins in the signal transduction pathways where these proteins regulate the cell metabolism pathways.