Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First detection, isolation and molecular characterization of banana leaf spot diseases caused by Nigrospora sphaerica and Neocordana musae in Bangladesh

Abstract Preliminary survey revealed that 30–40% of Cavendish banana plants were affected with leaf spot disease. Diseased leaf samples were sterilized with 3% sodium hypochlorite solution for 2 min and cultured on PDA media at 25 °C for 15 days followed by microscopic examination. Combined morphological, cultural and microscopic examinations identified two causal agents designated here as BaFI-1 and BaFI-2. Further, BLASTn search using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences of the isolates also revealed that BaIF-1 and BaFI-2 had 97.13% and 100% homology with Nigrospora sphaerica and Neocordana musae, respectively; which were already reported from Indian and Spanish region. Pathogenecity tests were conducted using 2 months old banana seedlings inoculated with isolated spores in the polyhouse, which addressed Koch’s postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report confirming Nigrospora sphaerica and Neocordana musae to be the causal agents of leaf spot disease of Cavendish banana in Bangladesh.
Observations Nouvelles Sur la Structure de la Glauconie EN Accordeon (

Since Galliher's studies on the sediments from the Monterey bay (California), vermicular pellets have been considered to be derived from mica flakes by a transformation phenomenon. Generally, it is considered that all the glauconite pellets result from the transformation of degraded smectitic- or illitic-type sheets into more ordered sheets. In the present study, it is shown that the vermicular pellets cannot be derived from the transformation of a mica flake. The mass obtained is several orders higher than the initial mass. Secondly it is noticed that the transformation process invoked do not allow for the continuing existence of the sheets. Finally, the ions of the micaceous sheet are never involved in the “transformation”, for sometimes they are found intact in the vermicular pellet. A study carried out through an electron microscope by reflexion indicates that there is crystal growth between the mica sheets. These sheets are merely a support favourable for glauconite neoformation. If the ions of the mica flake are involved in this genesis to any extent, they yield only a very low quantity of the mass of the final granule. As in the cracks of quartz grains, in feldspar cleavages or in limestone pores, the important surface constituted by the mica sheets is a catalyst for glauconite neoformation.
Physiological Mechanisms Inherent to Diabetes Involved in the Development of Dementia: Alzheimer’s Disease

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disease reaching pandemic levels worldwide. In parallel, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the two leading causes of dementia in an increasingly long-living Western society. Numerous epidemiological studies support the role of T2D as a risk factor for the development of dementia. However, few basic science studies have focused on the possible mechanisms involved in this relationship. On the other hand, this review of the literature also aims to explore the relationship between T2D, AD and VaD. The data found show that there are several alterations in the central nervous system that may be promoting the development of T2D. In addition, there are some mechanisms by which T2D may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD or VaD.
Facing Fear with Courage: Psychometric and Behavioral Evidence of the Courage Measure (CM) in Poland

The Courage Measure (CM), developed by Norton and Weiss (2009) has proved to be a significant predictor of a behavioral approach in a fear-eliciting situation. The current research project aimed to replicate this result, using a shortened version of the scale, whose psychometric superiority over the full version has been supported by previous studies. For this purpose, in Study 1 the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the CM (CM-PL) were analyzed; the results supported its unidimensional structure and measurement invariance across gender groups, as well as good internal consistency. Study 1 also provided preliminary evidence of the convergent, concurrent and divergent validity of CM-PL, showing its relation to resilience, grit, risk-taking and the Big Five personality traits. In Study 2, 31 participants with an elevated fear of spiders completed a behavioral approach test in which they moved ever closer to a display of taxidermied spiders. The results showed that the CM-PL significantly moderated the relationship between anxiety/distress and the behavioral approach, confirming its relation to real behavior. Overall, the results confirmed that CM-PL is a valuable measure that can be useful in scientific research and psychological practice (i.e., counseling and psychotherapy).
Correlation of motor-auditory cross-modal and auditory unimodal N1 and mismatch responses of schizophrenic patients and normal subjects: an MEG study

Introduction It has been suggested that the positive symptoms of schizophrenic patients (hallucinations, delusions, and passivity experience) are caused by dysfunction of their internal and external sensory prediction errors. This is often discussed as related to dysfunction of the forward model that executes self-monitoring. Several reports have suggested that dysfunction of the forward model in schizophrenia causes misattributions of self-generated thoughts and actions to external sources. There is some evidence that the forward model can be measured using the electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) components such as N1 (m) and mismatch negativity (MMN) (m). The objective in this MEG study is to investigate differences in the N1m and MMNm-like activity generated in motor-auditory cross-modal tasks in normal control (NC) subjects and schizophrenic (SC) patients, and compared that activity with N1m and MMNm in the auditory unimodal task. Methods The N1m and MMNm/MMNm-like activity were recorded in 15 SC patients and 12 matched NC subjects. The N1m-attenuation effects and peak amplitude of MMNm/MMNm-like activity of the NC and SC groups were compared. Additionally, correlations between MEG measures (N1m suppression rate, MMNm, and MMNm-like activity) and clinical variables (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores and antipsychotic drug (APD) dosages) in SC patients were investigated. Results It was found that (i) there was no significant difference in N1m-attenuation for the NC and SC groups, and that (ii) MMNm in the unimodal task in the SC group was significantly smaller than that in the NC group. Further, the MMNm-like activity in the cross-modal task was smaller than that of the MMNm in the unimodal task in the NC group, but there was no significant difference in the SC group. The PANSS positive symptoms and general psychopathology score were moderately negatively correlated with the amplitudes of the MMNm-like activity, and the APD dosage was moderately negatively correlated with the N1m suppression rate. However, none of these correlations reached statistical significance. Discussion The findings suggest that schizophrenic patients perform altered predictive processes differently from healthy subjects in latencies reflecting MMNm, depending on whether they are under forward model generation or not. This may support the hypothesis that schizophrenic patients tend to misattribute their inner experience to external agents, thus leading to the characteristic schizophrenia symptoms.
Pushing the Limits of High-Resolution in Marine Seismic Profiling

It has become commonplace to record high-resolution marine seismic profiles in digital format and to base the choice of sampling rate on the traditional assumption that seismic signals are of limited bandwidth. The truth is that seismic signals are causal and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle prohibits causal signals being bandlimited. Since only signals with finite bandwidth can be digitized without loss of information, the implication is that at least some resolution is always lost when seismic signals are digitized. A research program to improve seismic resolution, begun in 1987 at the University of Utrecht and now continuing at the University of Mississippi, has investigated ways to minimize that loss and to recover from seismograms as much geologic information as possible. This paper addresses theoretical considerations encountered by the program and presents experimental results which demonstrate the seismic resolution it is currently possible to achieve in shallow and deep water using commercial.
Epidemiology and Resistance Phenotypes of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Corfu General Hospital (2019–2022): A Comprehensive Time Series Analysis of Resistance Gene Dynamics

Antimicrobial resistance is a significant global health challenge, with Klebsiella pneumoniae being one of the most common antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the prevalence and resistance patterns of antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the General Hospital of Corfu, Greece, between 2019 and 2022, with the aim of understanding the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of this bacterium. Utilizing a retrospective epidemiological approach, this study analyzed 212 isolates obtained from the hospital’s Microbiology Department. These isolates were subjected to genotypic and phenotypic identification, with resistance genes (bla-KPC, bla-NDM, bla-VIM, bla-OXA-48, and mcr-1) and antibiotic resistance patterns as the primary focus. The results revealed a significant shift in resistance gene prevalence, with a notable increase in bla-KPC from 16.67% in 2021 to 58.46% in 2022, and a decrease in bla-NDM from 81.48% in 2021 to 38.46% in 2022. In terms of antibiotic resistance patterns, there was a consistent increase in resistance to amikacin and a significant decrease in resistance to ceftazidime/avibactam. These findings underscore the dynamic nature of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) resistance and highlight the need for ongoing surveillance and adaptive therapeutic strategies in the face of evolving resistance patterns.
TRIGRS - A Fortran Program for Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Analysis, Version 2.0

This open-file report was prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Thermal ion composition measurements of the formation of the new outer plasmasphere and double plasmapause during storm recovery phase

Thermal ion composition measurements from several successive dusk sector passes by the DE-1 satellite show the formation of the new outer plasmasphere and double plasmapause following a sharp decrease in geomagnetic activity. In less than one day after the magnetic activity decrease, the outer plasmasphere formed and consisted of cold, essentially Maxwellian plasma with ion composition and thermal energy characteristics generally similar to those of the inner plasmasphere, albeit at significantly lower densities. There is also evidence that at times the thermal O+ density is comparable to the H+ density within the plasmasphere.
Metodologia para análise de desempenho de simulações de sistemas convectivos na região metropolitana de São Paulo com o modelo ARPS: sensibilidade a variações com os esquemas de advecção e assimilação de dados

Tempestades seguidas de enchentes e alagamentos em pontos da Regiao Metropolitana de Sao Paulo sao eventos recorrentes nas estacoes chuvosas. O desempenho do modelo ARPS nas simulacoes numericas de alta resolucao espacial, para o evento de 04 de fevereiro de 2004, e avaliado por meio de erros estatisticos e indices de acuracia, com base no confronto entre a distribuicao espacial da precipitacao acumulada simulada e a estimada com o radar meteorologico de Sao Paulo. Os resultados quantificam a influencia dos termos de adveccao das equacoes primitivas nos erros de fase dos sistemas convectivos simulados, para o tipo de configuracao atmosferica dominante no caso estudado. A assimilacao incremental de medidas obtidas em estacoes de superficie durante a execucao do modelo, corrige significativamente a fase das celulas convectivas profundas na regiao de influencia das medidas, a qual e definida durante o processo de analise objetiva. Um novo indice de destreza para modelos de mesoescala e proposto (DPIELKE). As analises preliminares para o desempenho deste indice indicam adequacao de sua formulacao para o tipo de simulacao efetuada.
Paleogene evolution of the Kodiak Islands, Alaska: Consequences of ridge‐trench interaction in a more southerly latitude

The Kodiak Islands of Alaska are principally composed of a Late Cretaceous and Paleogene complex of accreted deep-sea rocks. An early Paleocene magmatic event invaded the accretionary complex with mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB), andesite, and granodiorite. Geochemical evidence suggests both the andesite and granodiorite are mixtures of MORB and sediment. The volcanic rocks are interlayered with coarse clastic sediments and deformed with the latter; the granodioritic intrusions, with K-Ar ages as old as 62 Ma postdate emplacement of the early Paleocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Interaction of the subduction complex with the Kula-Farallon ridge most simply explains this early Paleocene magmatic episode. Paleomagnetic studies of the volcanic rocks indicate this interaction occurred at 40.3±6° north latitude, which is 25.3±9° south of the expected position of the Kodiak Islands relative to North America. The magmatic arc presently northwest of the Kodiak accretionary complex was active during the Late Cretaceous and early Paleocene, diminished after the ridge-trench interaction, and resurged from late Eocene into Miocene time. The magmatic resurgence is coeval with the obductive offscraping of Eocene to Oligocene(? ) submarine fan deposits in the Kodiak Islands. The petrology of these fan deposits indicates they are the most likely proximal equivalent for the Zodiac fan, thereby limiting its relative motion with respect to the Kodiak Islands. Possible models accounting for the northward motion of the Kodiak accretionary complex include (1) coupling the accretionary complex and possibly related arc to the northward-moving Kula Plate and closing an ocean basin north of the arc in Paleogene time, (2) emplacing the Kodiak accretionary complex at the northward limit of the paleomagnetic data, with subsequent northward motion accomplished by closure of a small back arc basin and/or intracontinental shortening, and (3) transcurrent faulting and northward motion of the Kodiak accretionary complex without the presently adjacent arc.
Sensitivity of runoff and soil erosion to climate change in two Mediterranean watersheds. Part II: assessing impacts from changes in storm rainfall, soil moisture and vegetation cover

The impacts of climate change on storm runoff and erosion in Mediterranean watersheds are difficult to assess due to the expected increase in storm frequency coupled with a decrease in total rainfall and soil moisture, added to positive or negative changes to different types of vegetation cover. This report, the second part of a two‐part article, addresses this issue by analysing the sensitivity of runoff and erosion to incremental degrees of change (from − 20 to + 20%) to storm rainfall, pre‐storm soil moisture, and vegetation cover, in two Mediterranean watersheds, using the MEFIDIS model. The main results point to the high sensitivity of storm runoff and peak runoff rates to changes in storm rainfall (2·2% per 1% change) and, to a lesser degree, to soil water content (−1·2% per 1% change). Catchment sediment yield shows a greater sensitivity than within‐watershed erosion rates to both parameters: 7·8 versus 4·0% per 1% change for storm rainfall, and − 4·9 versus − 2·3% per 1% change for soil water content, indicating an increase in sensitivity with spatial scale due to changes to sediment connectivity within the catchment. Runoff and erosion showed a relatively low sensitivity to changes in vegetation cover. Finally, the shallow soils in one of the catchments led to a greater sensitivity to changes in storm rainfall and soil moisture. Overall, the results indicate that decreasing soil moisture levels caused by climate change could be sufficient to offset the impact of greater storm intensity in Mediterranean watersheds. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous Extraction of Oil and Protein from Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) Pupae (Lueng Parroj var.) and Their In Vitro Skin Moisturization

Oil and protein from silkworm (Bombyx mori var. Leung Pairoj) pupae, by-product from sericulture, were extracted and evaluated for their potential uses as skin biomoisturizer. The silkworm pupae (SWP) oil and protein were simultaneously extracted by using three-phase partitioning (TPP) method and determined for their physicochemical properties including fatty acid and amino acid content, respectively. The highest yields of oil and protein at 8.24 ± 0.21% and 8.41 ± 0.26% w/w, respectively were obtained from 18 h extraction. Fatty acid analysis of SWP oil was rich in linolenic acid (37.81 ± 0.34%), oleic acid (28.97 ± 0.13%), palmitic acid (21.27 ± 0.05%), stearic acid (6.60 ± 0.09%) and linoleic acid (4.73 ± 0.21%). The clear yellow SWP oil possessed saponification value of 191.51 mg/g, iodine value of 119.37 g I2/g and peroxide value of 2.00 mg equivalent O2/kg. The SWP protein composed of 17 amino acids which aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and serine were the major residues. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the SWP protein consisted of distinct protein at around 51, 70, 175 and over 175 kDa. Cytotoxicity of the SWP oil and protein was evaluated by using MTT assay and they showed low cytotoxicity toward keratinocyte cell (HaCat cell line). The SWP oil provided moisturizing effect on pig skin comparable to olive oil, while 1% and 2% of SWP protein showed higher moisturizing efficacy than 3% hydrolyzed collagen. The study indicated that the SWP oil and protein could be potential biomoisturizers for cosmetic products.
Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles as a Platform for the Development of a Broadly Protective Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Based on the Minor Capsid Protein L2

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a large family of viruses with a capsid composed of the L1 and L2 proteins, which bind to receptors of the basal epithelial cells and promote virus entry. The majority of sexually active people become exposed to HPV and the virus is the most common cause of cervical cancer. Vaccines are available based on the L1 protein, which self-assembles and forms virus-like particles (VLPs) when expressed in yeast and insect cells. Although very effective, these vaccines are HPV type-restricted and their costs limit broad vaccination campaigns. Recently, vaccine candidates based on the conserved L2 epitope from serotypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 6, 51, and 59 were shown to elicit broadly neutralizing anti-HPV antibodies. In this study, we tested whether E. coli outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) could be successfully decorated with L2 polytopes and whether the engineered OMVs could induce neutralizing antibodies. OMVs represent an attractive vaccine platform owing to their intrinsic adjuvanticity and their low production costs. We show that strings of L2 epitopes could be efficiently expressed on the surface of the OMVs and a polypeptide composed of the L2 epitopes from serotypes 18, 33, 35, and 59 provided a broad cross-protective activity against a large panel of HPV serotypes as determined using pseudovirus neutralization assay. Considering the simplicity of the OMV production process, our work provides a highly effective and inexpensive solution to produce universal anti-HPV vaccines.
Intrusive large igneous provinces below sedimentary basins: An example from the Exmouth Plateau (NW Australia)

Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are commonly characterized by extrusion of huge outpourings of flood basalts. However, some LIPs associated with thick sedimentary basins display mainly intrusive sill and dike complexes and a relative absence of extrusives as evidenced on the Exmouth Plateau. Here a breakup‐related 150 km × 400 km sill complex imaged on seismic reflection data intruded mainly Triassic sedimentary rocks between the Late Jurassic and the Early Cretaceous. The sill complex is most likely sourced by a mafic or an ultramafic magma chamber, seismically imaged as a high‐velocity body (HVB) and covering ~16 × 104 km2. This magma chamber is located at the base of the crust and did not generate extrusives. Simple hydrostatic calculations suggest that melt became vertically arrested in the basin sediments, primarily owing to a reduction in the magmatic overpressure gradient as a result of the differences between fracture and melt gradients controlled by upward decreasing densities of the basin fill. Furthermore, magma overpressures at the source between 5 and 20 MPa are required to explain the presence of sill complexes at 4–11 km depth, indicating that the HVB is the source of the sill/dike complex on the Exmouth Plateau. The extent and outline of the HVB places constraints on the origin of magmatism and LIP formation. In combination with published data, the results suggest a thermal anomaly (upwelling or plume) source for the observed magmatism.
Solubility of Lanthanum in Liquid Alloys with Gallium and Indium

The solubility of lanthanum in indium and Ga–In alloys containing 21.8, 40 and 70 wt. % In was determined experimentally at temperatures up to 1081 K. The low temperature limit depended on the melting point of the alloy. The solubility was measured using isothermal saturation and high-temperature filtration methods. The phase composition of solid intermetallic compounds formed in the ternary La–Ga–In systems of various compositions was determined by X-ray diffraction. Activity coefficients of lanthanum in the alloys based on gallium, indium and three Ga–In mixtures (21.8, 40 and 70 wt. % In) were calculated. Temperature dependencies of thermodynamically possible separation factors for the uranium/lanthanum couple in “LiCl–KCl–CsCl melt–liquid alloy” systems were derived for various gallium–indium alloys.
Evaluation of preschool teachers' chess learning and teaching experiences

Chess, which is a game of intelligence and sports that has been played for centuries, is increasingly important, and many countries are trying to popularize it as an educational tool or sport in schools. In this qualitative study, preschool teachers' experiences of learning the game of chess, their evaluations of these experiences, their teaching practices in preschool classes after learning the game, their self-evaluation, and educational support needs were investigated based on the opinions of teachers. The study was carried out with 12 preschool teachers determined by purposive sampling method in the spring term of 2020. The study was conducted face-to-face with a semi-structured interview form. The descriptive analysis method was used in the analysis of the data obtained from the interviews. The participants believed that they needed educational support in teaching chess. The results will be useful in terms of organizing preschool chess teaching program content and practices in a way that will form the basis for the game. Keywords: Chess; learning; preschool; teacher activity; teaching experience.