Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects and impact of entrepreneurship programmes in higher education

: An assessment of the impact of entrepreneurship education at the level of educational institutions can determine the degree to which it has accomplished its objectives and it justifies the resources committed to it. This research focuses on the impact of entrepreneurship education programmes provided by higher education institutions on four dimensions: This study is based on a survey among alumni of higher education institutions in Europe who have attended entrepreneurship education and a control group of alumni that have not participated in this type of education. The results presented in this study show clearly that entrepreneurship education makes a difference. Those who went through entrepreneurial programmes and activities display more entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions, get a job earlier after finishing their studies, can innovate more even as employees in a firm, and start more companies. three Asian countries: China, Japan and South Korea. It covers topics such as the development of entrepreneurship, how entrepreneurial mindsets are being fuelled and what encourages people to become entrepreneurs. It provides data about public attitudes on issues such as entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial education, risk-taking, start-ups, obstacles to entrepreneurship and business failures. Over 26,000 randomly selected respon- dents aged 15 and over were interviewed.
Are organic apples really healthier

As consumers’ demand for organic fruits continues to increase, organic horticulture has increased worldwide. Proper nutrition management is a key factor in organic farms to produce healthy, well-developed and attractive fruits which meet consumers’ demands. To achieve this goal organic farmers need to develop and improve their nutrition management. In this paper an organic and integrated apple plantation were compared to study their fruit quality parameters and to establish the similarities and differences between production systems. Sugars, organic acids, vitamin C and number of healthy fruit were studied in the same apple cultivars from an organic and an integrated orchard. Besides chemical analysis, an organoleptic survey was conducted to estimate consumer response. The results showed that fructose and sucrose were the major sugars and malic acid the predominant acid. From our data it was clear that fruit components such as acids and sugars were affected by cultivars more than production system. In addition, the organoleptic survey did not identify any differences between organic and integrated products. The majority of tasters preferred integrated fruit over organic fruit. In summary, organic farmers make more efforts to increase fruit productivity, quality and design but such increased efforts may not ensure consistent profit for Hungarian fruit growers due to market conditions.
Social GIS: Creating a mapping tool to engage middle and high school students with their neighborhoods and STEM

vii 1. Background . 1 1.1 Challenges Attracting and Retaining Girls STEM . 1 1.2 Challenges Attracting and Retaining Underrepresented Ethnic Groups in STEM . 2 1.3 Diversification of STEM Applications . 3 1.4 Introduction to 3Helix . 3 1.5 Inception of Social GIS . 4 2. Goals . 5 2.1 Students as Active Agents of Social Justice . 5 2.1.1 Awareness . 5 2.1.2 Skills . 5 2.1.3 Ownership . 6 2.2 Software Design . 6 2.2.1 Low Barrier to Entry . 6 2.2.2 Import a Variety of Data . 7 2.2.3 Tagging . 7 2.2.4 Open-Source . 8 3. Social GIS Development . 9 3.1 Trial and Error . 9 3.2 Software Design . 10 3.2.1 Client–Server Separation . 11 3.2.2 Designing and Developing a Flexible Database . 11 3.2.2.1 Dataset . 12 3.2.2.2 MapElement . 12 3.2.2.3 Tag . 14 3.2.2.4 TagIndiv . 14
3-D polarised simulations of space-borne passive mm/sub-mm midlatitude cirrus observations: a case study

Global observations of ice clouds are needed to improve our understanding of their impact on earth's radia- tion balance and the water-cycle. Passive mm/sub-mm has some advantages compared to other space-borne cloud-ice remote sensing techniques. The physics of scattering makes forward radiative transfer modelling for such instruments challenging. This paper demonstrates the ability of a recently developed RT code, ARTS-MC, to accurately simulate obser- vations of this type for a variety of viewing geometries cor- responding to operational (AMSU-B, EOS-MLS) and pro- posed (CIWSIR) instruments. ARTS-MC employs an adjoint Monte-Carlo method, makes proper account of polarisation, and uses 3-D spherical geometry. The actual field of view characteristics for each instrument are also accounted for. A 3-D midlatitude cirrus scenario is used, which is derived from Chilbolton cloud radar data and a stochastic method for generating 3-D ice water content fields. These demonstration simulations clearly demonstrate the beamfilling effect, sig- nificant polarisation effects for non-spherical particles, and also a beamfilling effect with regard to polarisation.
The HNO 3 forming branch of the HO 2 + NO reaction: pre-industrial-to-present trends in atmospheric species and radiative forcings

Abstract. Recent laboratory measurements have shown the existence of a HNO 3 forming branch of the HO 2 + NO reaction. This reaction is the main source of tropospheric O 3 , through the subsequent photolysis of NO 2 , as well as being a major source of OH. The branching of the reaction to HNO 3 reduces the formation of these species significantly, affecting O 3 abundances, radiative forcing and the oxidation capacity of the troposphere. The Oslo CTM2, a three-dimensional chemistry transport model, is used to calculate atmospheric composition and trends with and without the new reaction branch. Results for the present day atmosphere, when both temperature and pressure effects on the branching ratio are accounted for, show an 11 % reduction in the calculated tropospheric burden of O 3 , with the main contribution from the tropics. An increase of the global, annual mean methane lifetime by 10.9 %, resulting from a 14.1 % reduction in the global, annual mean OH concentration is also found. Comparisons with measurements show that including the new branch improves the modelled O 3 in the Oslo CTM2, but that it is not possible to conclude whether the NO y distribution improves. We model an approximately 11 % reduction in the tropical tropospheric O 3 increase since pre-industrial times, and a 4 % reduction of the increase in total tropospheric burden. Also, an 8 % decrease in the trend of OH concentrations is calculated, when the new branch is accounted for. The radiative forcing due to changes in O 3 over the industrial era was calculated as 0.33 W m −2 , reducing to 0.26 W m −2 with the new reaction branch. These results are significant, and it is important that this reaction branching is confirmed by other laboratory groups.
Does Personality Play a Role in Computer Information Systems Performance

This study represents an analysis of student performance in computer information systems (CIS) courses and the potential influence of Jungian personality traits on academic success in CIS courses. For this study, academic success is measured by grades achieved. The MBTI measurement scale was self-analyzed by students in CIS courses from fall 2008 through spring 2013. The data showed a statistically significant correlation between various personality dichotomies of the type (Extraversion-Introversion, Sensing-Intuition, Thinking-Feeling, and JudgingPerceiving) and higher grades scores. The results of this study indicate that course performance of groups of students are different relative to their personality type. In this study, Thinking type students performed better than Feeling types, and Judgers performed better than Perceivers.
The Impact of Remittances on Education in Jordan, Syria and Lebanon

This paper uses micro data from three households’ surveys conducted in three neighboring countries in the Eastern Mediterranean (Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon) to study the impact of migrant remittances on education attendance and attainment. The paper relies on a model that depicts the relationship between migration and remittances from one end and human capital formation represented through education from the other. Empirical results show that migrant remittance receipt has a positive effect on education attendance. This finding is obtained while controlling for other socio-economic determinants of schooling behavior, and is robust to censorship and endogeneity bias. Results also show that the magnitude of the remittance impact on both education outcomes is larger for men compared to that of women in Jordan and Syria, but lower in Lebanon. This shows that in some countries around the region gender dimensions are still important in the household’s investment decisions in the sibling’s human capital.
A march to a better world? Religiosity and the existential function of belief in social-moral progress

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Characterization of the Organic Matter in Wood Ash from Biomass Power Plants in Relation to the Potential Use as Amendments in Agriculture

As a result of the increased demand for bioenergy, wood ash (WA), the main residue generated, may become a major source of pyrogenic organic matter. WA contains organic aromatic structures and could be used in agriculture, in a similar way to biochar, to improve the amount and quality of soil OM (OM). However, the organic composition of WA may differ from that of biochar, which has not yet been addressed. In the present study, different types of fly wood ash (FWA) and mixed wood ash (MWA), generated in industrial boilers, were characterized and compared with biochar generated from different feedstocks and at different temperatures (300 and 600 °C). WA differed in the amount and composition of the OM. The OM in MWA consisted of condensed carbon as well as substantial amounts of lightly charred plant biomass. Because of the low degree of carbonization of this OM, it may be susceptible to microbial degradation after application to soil. By contrast, the OM in FWA comprises highly carbonized and condensed organic compounds, similar to those in biochar. Selection of the most suitable type of WA will be determined by the requirements of the specific soils. MWA could be used to amend soils requiring high amounts of OM, whereas FWA might be more appropriate for application in acid soils rich in OM. Thermal analysis proved a useful tool for characterizing the charred material in these by‐products in order to determine the best strategy for use of the material in agriculture. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Social and Economic Drivers on Success of Small Scale Fish farming in Western Kenya.

Artisanal Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) has direct and indirect impacts on fisheries management. These impacts are mainly about the quality of the water where fish lives, ownership of the surrounding waters, land and human health. This study was carried out in two landing sites of Wagusu and Riskis Kogwari in Central- Sakwa Location of Siaya County in Kenya in which Kibere and Kajohn gold mining areas are located. The findings indicate that identifying the sources of conflicts (land, water, gold, fish, fishing and mining equipment, and vegetation) between artisanal fishers and small-scale gold miners is a stage in improving fisheries management, as it gives the root cause of the problem. Other findings indicate that challenges to fisheries management resulting from ASGM activities include (inadequate funds and mining skills; political interference, illegality of some sectors of the ASGM sector; corruption, and failure to represent ASGM in the Beach Management Unit (BMU) committees). In order to address these challenges, we propose that the illegal sectors of ASGM should be legalized. In addition, efforts should be taken to combat corruption, and reward and punish BMU working with the ASGM sector. Furthermore, we recommend for the improvement of the landing sites infrastructure, and the ASGM stakeholders need to be represented in the BMU committees as means of enhancing co-management in fisheries management.Keywords: Artisanal Small-scale Gold Mining, Beach Management Unit, Fisheries Management, Lake Victoria.
Adult cancer survivors: How are they faring?

This study identified the psychosocial problems that 752 patients from 3 states who had been diagnosed with 1 of the 10 most commonly occurring cancers indicated concerned them the most. Approximately 1 year after being diagnosed with cancer, 68.1% of patients were concerned with their illness returning, and more than half were concerned with developing a disease recurrence (59.8%) or had fears regarding the future (57.7%). In addition to these psychological problems focused on fear, approximately two‐thirds (67.1%) of patients were concerned about a physical health problem, fatigue, and loss of strength. Two other physical health problems that concerned more than two‐fifths of patients were sleep difficulties (47.9%) and sexual dysfunction (41.2%). More problems were reported by younger survivors (ages 18–54 yrs), women, nonwhites, those who were not married, and those with a household income of less than $20,000 a year. Those patients currently in treatment for cancer reported on average significantly more problems (P < 0.001) and on average had a higher Cancer Problems in Living Scale (CPILS) total score (P < 0.001) compared with those not currently in treatment. In a comparison of respondents with one of the four most common cancers, the most concerns regarding problems in living and highest mean CPILS scores were reported by those diagnosed with lung cancer, followed by survivors of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Are Suburban Firms More Likely to Discriminate Against African-Americans?

This paper assesses whether African-Americans are more likely to experience employment discrimination in the suburbs relative to the central city. We compare central city-suburban differences in racial hiring outcomes for firms where whites are in charge of hiring to the comparable difference for firms where blacks are in charge of hiring. Both suburban black and white employers hire fewer blacks than their central-city counterparts. This geographic gap among black employers is at least as large as that of white employers. Assuming no discrimination by black employers in any location, this implies that the probability of experiencing discrimination does not vary over space. Black firms, however, are substantially more likely to hire black workers regardless of location. JEL Codes: J1, J15, J71
Do Attitudes and Personality Characteristics Affect Socioeconomic Outcomes? The Case of Welfare Use by Young Women

Objective. We estimate a model of social‐psychological determinants of entry into Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), the primary cash welfare program in the United States until 1996. Methods. Using information from the youngest cohorts of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, we estimate logit models of the probability of ever participating in AFDC and hazard models of the timing until first use of AFDC. Results. We find strong associations between welfare use and several attitudes and personality characteristics, but with two exceptions, most of the associations are not robust to the inclusion of exogenous background characteristics. There is consistent, strong evidence that positive attitudes toward school lower the likelihood of using welfare and increase duration until first receipt. Family background and social environment characteristics show strong robust effects. Conclusions. Our results point to relatively weak evidence for the hypothesis that individual attitudes in adolescence have a significant impact on initial welfare receipt.
Thermal unit commitment including optimal AC power flow constraints

The authors propose a new algorithm for unit commitment that employs a Lagrange relaxation technique with a new augmentation of the Lagrangian. The new augmentation involves a duplication of variables that allows relaxation of the coupling between generator time-spanning constraints and system-wide instantaneous constraints. This framework allows the possibility of committing units that are required for the VArs that they can produce, as well as for their real power. Furthermore, although the algorithm is very CPU-intensive, the separation structure of the Lagrangian allows its implementation in parallel computers. Their work builds upon that of Batut and Renaud (1992), as well as that of Baldick (1995).
LICHENOMETRIC STUDIES IN THE CASCADE RANGE OF WASHINGTON: ESTABLISHMENT OF RHIZOCARPON GEOGRAPHICUM GROWTH CURVES AT MOUNT RAINIER

Measurements of Rhizocarpon geographicum thalli on rock surfaces of known age at Mount Rainier National Park permit growth curves to be constructed for andesitic and granitic substrates spanning the last 125 yr. Control points for the younger part of each curve come mainly from man-made structures, whereas older control points are from rock outcrops in the foreland of Nisqually Glacier, an area which as experienced progressive deglaciation since the early 19th century. The growth curves indicate an initial period of very rapid growth until thalli reach about 10 mm diameter, after which growth proceeds at an exponentially decreasing rate for the next century. Growth rates are slightly faster for andesitic substrates than for granite. If extrapolated, the curves should be useful for dating substrates as much as 3 to 4 centuries old with an accuracy of + 20 yr or better. However, the curves are applicable primarily between altitudes of about 1000 and 1700 m; below this zone growth rates are higher, whereas above it lichenometry may be of limited value because of widespread lichen kill during the early 19th century along the crest of the Cascade Range.
Natural variations of tropical width and recent trends

The temporal evolution of the tropical width since 1979 is investigated in observations and models by using metrics based on outgoing radiation, 6.7 µm brightness temperature, and atmospheric reanalysis. The maximum 20 year widening as seen in radiation by satellites occurred during 1993–2012 and was associated with a global sea surface temperature (SST) change that resembles the El Niño–Southern Oscillation/Pacific Decadal Oscillation in the Pacific region. Idealized experiments with Community Atmospheric Model version 5 reveal that Tropical Pacific SST pattern largely accounts for the widening. A number of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 coupled models can simulate, without any type of forcing, this satellite‐inferred tropical widening and its associated Pacific SST pattern. While model‐simulated widenings are consistent for all metrics, the two reanalysis‐based widenings are inconsistent internally and with the satellite‐based and model widenings. Our results reinforce suggestions that observed widenings can be explained by internal variability as captured by climate models, though this depends on whether reanalysis trends are regarded as reliable.
Fertility of local goats of kashmir using frozen semen Of Boer bucks

th week and compared with the weight of equal number of local kids born at the farm using Mann-Whitney test. Different estrus behaviours noticed were low feed intake (38.10%), aggressiveness/ instability (52.38%) mounting and or allowing mounting other nearby goats (80.95%), slight hyperemia and swelling of vulva (71.43%) and passage of scanty vulvar discharge (57.14%). Significantly higher intense estrus was observed in synchronized group than in naturally estrus occurring group. Overall pregnancy rate (PR) found was 71.43% with kidding rate of 1.27. The birth weight and body weight upto 4 th week of age of the crossbred kids was significantly higher (P<0.05)
Shallow Groundwater Sampling in Kane County, 2015

In October 2003, scientists from the Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS) sampled 75 shallow wells for water-quality analysis in Kane County to provide a “snapshot” of groundwater quality in these shallow aquifers, and to compare water quality from different parts and aquifers of Kane County. In the fall of 2015, the study was repeated to assess how groundwater quality had changed since 2003. Sixty-eight wells were sampled in 2015, 55 of which had been sampled in 2003. The quality of shallow groundwater in Kane County is generally good, especially in the western and central thirds of the county. However, the total dissolved solids (TDS) values of samples from the eastern third of the county were significantly higher than elsewhere in the county; chloride was the ion of greatest concern. Two-thirds of the samples from the eastern wells sampled had TDS and/or chloride concentrations above their drinking water standards. Road-salt runoff is most likely the major source of elevated TDS and chloride. Of the wells sampled in both 2003 and 2015, about 60 percent had higher TDS values in 2015, with three having increases greater than 100 mg/L. The average increase for the wells with increasing TDS values was 50 mg/L. The increase in TDS is entirely explained by increases in chloride and sodium concentrations, which increased in 78 percent and 59 percent of the wells, respectively. The average increase for wells with increasing values was 25.4 mg/L for chloride and 19.2 mg/L for sodium. The average rate of increase in chloride concentrations in the urban eastern third of Kane County was 3.9 mg/L/yr, which is similar to rates found in other studies in northeastern Illinois.
Experimental Research on Bond Behavior Between GFRP Bars and Stirrups-Confined Concrete

This paper presents the results of a series of pullout tests that were performed on Glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars embedded in concrete, while providing a detailed report on the influence of various variables that impinge upon bond behavior, such as the surface characteristics and diameter of the bars, concrete strength, as well as the confined effect of stirrups. The Bertero-Popov-Eligehausen (BPE) and Cosenza-Manfredi-Realfonzo (CMR) models analyzed the bond stress (τ)–slip (s) relationship between GFRP bar and stirrups-confined concrete. The tests results indicate that when the bond failure interface only occurs on the surface of a GFRP bar, the bond strength is not dependent upon the concrete strength. Moreover, the results indicate that in comparison to specimens without stirrups, their stirrup-containing counterparts are more prone to pullout failure with greater ductility and higher bond strength and corresponding slip. The BPE and CMR models are able to investigate the τ-s relationship between GFRP bars and the stirrups-confined concrete with accuracy. With the experimental data, the specific parameters in the models classified by surface characteristics have been suggested.