Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BILATERAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN TAIWAN AND PARTNER COUNTRIES UNDER NEW SOUTHBOUND POLICY: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE

Purpose – in light of the Taiwan New Southbound Policy (NSP), this paper aims to evaluate the performance of bilateral cooperation between Taiwan and its economic partner countries in order to have a better understanding of the coherence of reciprocal relations in the past, present and future. Research methodology – firstly, both individual forecasting models and combining forecasts were employed to predict the future values based on a period of thirty years (1990–2019). Secondly, the paper proposes non-convex DEA to detect non-convex characteristics of datasets where the volume of inputs and outputs were unevenly allocated in past years. Finally, a DEA window was applied to provide efficiency scores for decision-making units (DMUs) across a period of twelve years (2014–2025). Findings – the results found that the efficiency of seven out of eight DMUs will improve in the coming years. With a stable performance in both scale and efficiency, Singapore is Taiwan’s most successful economic partner, followed by Malaysia. The NSP remained as a vital foreign policy in supporting Taiwan’s bilateral trade and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). Research limitations – more inputs and outputs are required in order to reflect the overall performance of the bilateral cooperation between two economies. Furthermore, more extended models are worth further investigation. Practical implications – the forecasting values of exports and imports can be used in analysing Taiwan economy’s trade deficits. This study provides useful inputs for managers in allocating resources of inbound and outbound values, and reacting rightfully to the uncertain future. Originality/Value – the paper not only contribute much more than previous ones by evaluating into the relationship between size of scale and efficiency of bilateral economies but also provide advices for policymakers in creating mechanisms that can facilitate the NSP’s sustainable development.
Financialisation, central banks and ‘new’ state capitalism: The case of the US Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank and the Bank of England

Monetary policies are not usually considered as part of the repertoire of ‘state capitalism’. However, unconventional monetary operations performed by central banks in recent years make this exclusion increasingly problematic. This paper thus explores whether recent central bank interventions should be considered manifestations of ‘new’ state capitalism. Analysis focuses on the actions of three central banks from the advanced capitalist core in the West – the US Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank and the Bank of England. By mobilising the ‘financial chains’ perspective, this paper highlights the fact that, under financialisation, contemporary central banks have assumed a pivotal role in shaping Western capitalism and its uneven geographies. Through these recent unconventional interventions, central banks have in effect become ‘creators’ or ‘generators’ of (financial) capital. As such, their role in shaping uneven economic geographies across space (well beyond their official territorial boundaries) has expanded. Spatial ramifications of central banks’ capital-generating operations could thus fit easily within the framework of ‘uneven and combined state capitalism’. The possibility of considering the unconventional operations of central banks as state capitalist could also go hand in hand with a modified definition of state capitalism. Indeed, the rubric of state capitalism could potentially be enlarged to include configurations of capitalism where the state plays a particularly strong role not only as promoter, supervisor and owner of capital but also as a ‘generator’ of capital. This capital-generating role appears to be essential for the survival of contemporary capitalism.
Prefrontal influences on the function of the neural circuitry underlying anxious temperament in primates

Anxious temperament, characterized by heightened behavioral and physiological reactivity to potential threat, is an early childhood risk factor for the later development of stress-related psychopathology. Using a well-validated nonhuman primate model, we tested the hypothesis that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical in regulating the expression of primate anxiety-like behavior, as well as the function of subcortical components of the anxiety-related neural circuit. We performed aspiration lesions of a narrow ‘strip’ of the posterior orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) intended to disrupt both cortex and axons entering, exiting and coursing through the pOFC, particularly those of the uncinate fasciculus (UF), a white matter tract that courses adjacent to and through this region. The OFC is of particular interest as a potential regulatory region because of its extensive reciprocal connections with amygdala, other subcortical structures and other frontal lobe regions. We validated this lesion method by demonstrating marked lesion-induced decreases in the microstructural integrity of the UF, which contains most of the fibers that connect the ventral PFC with temporal lobe structures as well as with other frontal regions. While the lesions resulted in modest decreases in threat-related behavior, they substantially decreased metabolism in components of the circuit underlying threat processing. These findings provide evidence for the importance of structural connectivity between the PFC and key subcortical structures in regulating the functions of brain regions known to be involved in the adaptive and maladaptive expression of anxiety.
A Numerical Analysis of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

Abstract : This dissertation studies the numerical method of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) as a technique for solving systems of conservation equations. The research starts with a detailed consistency analysis of the method. Higher dimensions and non-smooth functions are considered in addition to the smooth one dimensional case. A stability analysis is then performed. Using a linear technique, an instability is found. Solutions are proposed to resolve the instability. Also a total variation stability analysis is performed leading to a monotone form of SPH. The concepts of consistency and stability are then used in a convergence proof. This proof uses lemmas derived from the Lax-Wendroff theorem in finite differences. The numerical analysis of the method is concluded with a study of the SPH kernel function. Measures of merit are derived for SPH kernels and these are used to show bell-shaped kernels to be superior over other shaped kernels. Three second-order time schemes are applied to SPH to provide a full discretization of the problem; these are Lax-Wendroff, central, and Shu schemes. In addition a lower-order SPH Lax-Friedrichs type form is developed. This method is used in proposing the use of flux-limited hybrid methods in SPH to resolve shocks.
Old and Young Bulges in Late-Type Disk Galaxies

We use HST ACS and NICMOS imaging to study the inner B - I and I - H colors of nine late-type spiral galaxies, which we interpret on the basis of different star formation histories. The colors and scale lengths of the bulges of these late-type systems are correlated with those of the disks in which they are embedded. We find that in about half of the systems, the bulk of the bulge mass formed more recently than the disk. In the remainder, early bulge formation was supplemented by continuing "rejuvenating" star formation. More massive bulges are generally older. These results extend previous findings down to the smallest bulge mass scales, bordering on the masses of nuclear star clusters. The variety and extended star formation histories of late-type bulges could be naturally explained by the contribution of several processes at different epochs and operating on different timescales. On the other hand, the scaling relations between bulge stellar age and bulge/galaxy mass and between bulge and disk scale lengths hint at similar processes for all components and suggest that late-type bulges of all (masses and) stellar ages result from the internal evolution of the parent disks. We show that dynamical friction of massive clumps in gas-rich disks is also a plausible mode for the formation of late-type bulges, especially for those that are older than their surrounding disks. If disk evolutionary processes are indeed responsible for the formation of the entire family of late-type bulges, CDM simulations need to produce a similar number of initially bulgeless disks in addition to the disk galaxies that are observed to be bulgeless at z = 0.
Equilibrium kinetics of self-assembling, semi-flexible polymers

Self-assembling, semi-flexible polymers are ubiquitous in biology and technology. However, conflicting accounts of the equilibrium kinetics remain for such an important system. Here, by focusing on a dynamical description of a minimal model in an overdamped environment, I identify the correct kinetic scheme that describes the system at equilibrium in the limits of high bonding energy and dilute concentration.
Phase transitions between dilute and dense axion stars

We study the nature of phase transitions between dilute and dense axion stars interpreted as self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates. We develop a Newtonian model based on the Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson equations for a complex scalar field with a self-interaction potential $V(|\psi|^2)$ involving an attractive $|\psi|^4$ term and a repulsive $|\psi|^6$ term. Using a Gaussian ansatz for the wave function, we analytically obtain the mass-radius relation of dilute and dense axion stars for arbitrary values of the self-interaction parameter $\lambda\le 0$. We show the existence of a critical point $|\lambda|_c\sim (m/M_P)^2$ above which a first order phase transition takes place. We qualitatively estimate general relativistic corrections on the mass-radius relation of axion stars. For weak self-interactions $|\lambda| |\lambda|_c$, a system of self-gravitating axions forms a stable dilute axion star below a Newtonian maximum mass $M_{\rm max,N}^{\rm dilute}=5.073 M_P/\sqrt{|\lambda|}$, collapses into a dense axion star above that mass, and collapses into a black hole above a general relativistic maximum mass $M_{\rm max,GR}^{\rm dense}\sim \sqrt{|\lambda|}M_P^3/m^2$. Dense axion stars explode below a Newtonian minimum mass $M_{\rm min,N}^{\rm dense}\sim m/\sqrt{|\lambda|}$ and form dilute axion stars of large size or disperse away. We determine the phase diagram of self-gravitating axions and show the existence of a triple point $(|\lambda|_*,M_*/(M_P^2/m))$ separating dilute axion stars, dense axion stars, and black holes. We make numerical applications for QCD axions and ultralight axions.
The classification of the simple modular Lie algebras: VI. Solving the final case

We investigate the structure of simple Lie algebras L over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 7. Let T denote a torus in the p-envelope of L in DerL of maximal dimension. We classify all L for which every 1-section with respect to every such torus T is solvable. This settles the remaining case of the classification of these algebras. This paper is the last of a series of notes which are concerned with the problem of classifying the simple finite dimensional Lie algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 7. Earlier notes have provided the preparatory material and the solution of three cases out of four. Here we will solve the remaining case. Our procedure is as follows. We define the concept of an absolute toral rank TR(K,L) of a subalgebra K of a Lie algebra L [11] and consider tori T in a p-envelope Lp of a simple, not necessarily restricted Lie algebra L having maximal absolute toral rank TR(T, Lp) in Lp. These tori correspond to tori of maximal dimension in the restricted simple algebras. We then consider sections L(α1, . . . , αt) of L with respect to such a torus of maximal absolute toral rank. The 1-sections have been described in [11]. In [12] the possible isomorphism classes of the 2-sections have been determined. The list occurring there is exactly that of [3, (9.1.1)] (which is no surprise, since it was our goal in [12] to make the ideas of [3] work in general). In the case of restricted algebras Block and Wilson reduced this list considerably by taking into account the restrictedness of the algebras in question. In the general situation there are four cases to be distinguished, as far as methods and results are concerned. These cases are A) Every 1-section is solvable. B) Every 1-section is solvable or has core sl(2). There are nonsolvable 1-sections. C) There exists a nonclassical root. No 2-section has core H ( 2; 1; Φ(τ) )(1) . D) There exist a nonclassical root and a 2-section with core H ( 2; 1; Φ(τ) )(1) . The Lie algebras of classical type are exactly those of case B) [17], the algebras occurring in case C) are of Cartan type [18], and in case D) only algebras of Hamiltonian type occur [19]. By using these and other earlier results we show first that every simple Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 7 is classical, or of Cartan type, or every 1-section with respect to every torus of maximal toral rank is solvable. In this note we treat the latter type algebras. For this it is crucial to determine those which have absolute toral rank 3. In a first step Received by the editors July 2, 1995 and, in revised form, December 10, 1995. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 17B20. c ©1998 American Mathematical Society
Clumsy solutions and climate change: A retrospective

In 1989, Steve Rayner chided fellow anthropologists for “fiddling while the world warms. ” This was the starting point of a decades‐long application to human‐made climate change of the cultural theory that he had developed with Mary Douglas and Michael Thompson. It culminated in a call to develop “clumsy” solutions for addressing the issue. Since then, the concept of clumsy solutions has been applied, praised, and criticised. To clarify its strengths and weaknesses, I first set out cultural theory and explain how the notion of clumsy solutions was derived from it. I then assess the extent to which this notion has increased our understanding of climate change governance. I do so by breaking up the application of this concept into seven predictions, concerning: (1) the major perspectives among stakeholders on how to resolve climate change; (2) the fate of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol; (3) the feasibility of international emissions trading; (4) the possibility of making renewable energy competitive; (5) the need for domestic governmental action to realize this possibility; (6) the effectiveness of a nonbinding global treaty to combat climate change; and (7) the need to explore adaptation, carbon capture, and geoengineering. I show that these predictions have stood the test of time. Finally, I discuss the roles that the concept of clumsy solutions can play in future climate change governance. This article is written in memory of Steve Rayner, one of the first social scientists to focus on climate change.
Rosai–Dorfman Disease between Proliferation and Neoplasia

Simple Summary Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) was a benign histiocytic proliferative disorder rather than a neoplastic process. Emergent molecular studies have shown recurrent somatic gain-of-function mutations in genes of the MAPK pathway (e.g., NRAS, KRAS, MAP2K1, and ARAF) in a subset of RDD, suggesting a clonal histiocytic proliferative process. This review encompasses clinical characteristics, updated subclassification, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies, with an emphasis on the molecular profiles of RDD. This study includes the latest international consensus on diagnosing and managing this disease. This review will provide novel insights on the latest discoveries in RDD. Abstract Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare myeloproliferative disorder of histiocytes with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and peculiar morphologic features (accumulation of histiocytes with emperipolesis). Typically, the patient with RDD shows bilateral painless, massive cervical lymphadenopathy associated with B symptoms. Approximately 43% of patients presented with extranodal involvement. According to the 2016 revised histiocytosis classification, RDD belongs to the R group, including familial and sporadic form (classical nodal, extranodal, unclassified, or RDD associated with neoplasia or immune disease). Sporadic RDD is often self-limited. Most RDD needs only local therapies. Nevertheless, a small subpopulation of patients may be refractory to conventional therapy and die of the disease. Recent studies consider RDD a clonal neoplastic process, as approximately 1/3 of these patients harbor gene mutations involving the MAPK/ERK pathway, e.g., NRAS, KRAS, MAP2K1, and, rarely, the BRAF mutation. In addition to typical histiocytic markers (S100/fascin/CD68/CD163, etc.), recent studies show that the histiocytes in RDD also express BCL-1 and OCT2, which might be important in pathogenesis. Additionally, the heterozygous germline mutation involving the FAS gene TNFRSF6 is identified in some RDD patients with an autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type Ia. SLC29A3 germline mutation is associated with familial or Faisalabad histiocytosis and H syndrome.
The angular momentum of disc galaxies at z = 1

We investigate the relation between stellar mass (M⋆) and specific stellar angular momentum (j⋆), or “Fall relation”, for a sample of 17 isolated, regularly rotating disc galaxies at z ∼ 1. All galaxies have rotation curves determined from Hα emission-line data; HST imaging in optical and infrared filters; and robust determinations of their stellar masses. We use HST images in f814w and f160w filters, roughly corresponding to rest-frames B and I bands, to extract surface-brightness profiles for our systems. We robustly bracket j⋆ by assuming that rotation curves beyond the outermost Hα rotation point stay either flat or follow a Keplerian fall-off. By comparing our measurements with those determined for disc galaxies in the local universe, we find no evolution in the Fall relation in the redshift range 0 < z < 1, regardless of the band used and despite the uncertainties in the stellar rotation curves at large radii. This result holds unless stellar masses at z = 1 are systematically underestimated by ≳50%. Our findings are compatible with expectations based on a ΛCDM cosmological framework and support a scenario where both the stellar Tully–Fisher and mass-size relations for spirals do not evolve significantly in this redshift range.
Evaluation of IL-33R and Galectin-3 as New Biomarkers of Cardiac Damage after Polytrauma—Association with Cardiac Comorbidities and Risk Factors

Polytrauma is one of the disorders with the greatest economic impact on healthcare in society and one predictor for poor outcome is cardiac damage. Interleukin 33 receptors (IL-33R) and galectin-3 are two new potential cardiac trauma biomarkers that are the subjects of this investigation. Additionally, this study assesses pre-existing cardiac damage or risk factors as predictors of cardiac damage after polytrauma. This retrospective study includes 107 polytraumatized patients with an ISS ≥16 admitted in a Level 1 Trauma Centre. Plasma samples were taken at admission. IL-33R and galectin-3 concentrations were detected in plasma samples by ELISA. Both did not correlate with the cardiac damage measured by troponin. Next to troponin, IL-33R was increased in patients with pre-existing cardiac comorbidities. In the subgroup of patients with cardiac comorbidities, the BMI and the initial blood sugar level were significantly increased compared to patients without cardiac comorbidities. Galectin-3 and IL-33R were shown to not correlate with cardiac damage. However, our data suggests that IL-33R protein should be revised in future studies as a marker of cardiac comorbidities. Further, our data indicate that patients with cardiac comorbidities represent a separate group of polytrauma patients characterized by higher concentrations of troponin, IL-33R, BMI and initial sugar level.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) Diagnosed by MRI-Guided Biopsy among BRCA1/BRCA2 Mutation Carriers

Background While BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic sequence variants (PSVs) clearly confer an increased risk for invasive breast cancer, the extent to which these mutant alleles increase DCIS risk is less clear. Objective To assess the rate of detection over a 5-year period, and MRI imaging features of pure noncalcified DCIS in a cohort of Israeli BRCA1/BRCA2 PSV carriers attending a high-risk clinic from 2015 to 2020. Materials and Methods All female BRCA1/BRCA2 PSV-carriers followed at the Meirav High-risk clinic from 2015 to 2020 were eligible if they underwent semiannual breast imaging (MRI/mammography) and MRI-guided biopsy-proven pure DCIS. Clinical data, pathology information, and imaging characteristics were retrieved from the computerized archiving system. Results 18/121 (15.2%) participating BRCA1 PSV carriers and 8/81 (10.1%) BRCA2 PSV-carriers who underwent MRI-guided biopsy were diagnosed with DCIS. The median age of BRCA1 carriers and BRCA2 carriers was 49.8 years and 60.6 years, respectively (p = 0.55). Negative estrogen-receptor tumors were diagnosed in 13/18 (72%) BRCA1 and 2/8 (25%) BRCA2 PSV carriers (p < 0.05). Thirteen (13/18–72%) BRCA1 carriers had intermediate to high-grade or high-grade DCIS compared with 4/8 (50%) of BRCA2 carriers (p = 0.03). Over the 5-year study period, 29/1100 (2.6%) BRCA1/BRCA2 PSV carriers were diagnosed with DCIS seen on MRI only. Conclusion MRI-detected noncalcified DCIS is more frequent in BRCA1 PSV carriers compared with BRCA2 carriers, unlike the BRCA2 predominance in mammography-detected calcified DCIS. BRCA1-related DCIS is diagnosed earlier, more likely to be estrogen receptor-negative and of higher grade compared with BRCA2-related DCIS. Future prospective studies should validate these results and assess the actual impact they might have on clinical management of BRCA PSV carriers.
Coupled-channel effects for the bottomonium with realistic wave functions

With Gaussian expansion method (GEM), realistic wave functions are used to calculate coupled-channel effects for the bottomonium under the framework of ${}^3P_0$ model. The simplicity and accuracy of GEM are explained. We calculate the mass shifts, probabilities of the $B$ meson continuum, $S-D$ mixing angles, strong and dielectric decay widths. Our calculation shows that both $S-D$ mixing and the $B$ meson continuum can contribute to the suppression of the vector meson's dielectric decay width. We suggest more precise measurements on the radiative decays of $\Upsilon(10580)$ and $\Upsilon(11020)$ to distinguish these two effects. The above quantities are also calculated with simple harmonic oscillator (SHO) wave function approximation for comparison. The deviation between GEM and SHO indicates that it is essential to treat the wave functions accurately for near threshold states.