Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cytogenetical studies on the interspecific hybrids within genus Secale. II. Meiosis in PMC of F1 hybnds between cereale and 3 specles Vavilovii, africanum and montanum

1. In this present report, the result of cytological studies on the maturation division of PMC's of 6 interspecific hybrids *(ScxSV, SVxSc, Scx Sm, Sm X Sc, Sc x Sa, Sa X Sc) in genus Secale has been surnmerized. 2. In every combination, at the heterotyphase metaphase in PMC's of Fl plant, 5-7 bivalents and 0-4 univalents were observed. The freque, ncy of bivalents and univalents in the PMC's were shown in Table 1, and as shown in the Tabie the case of 7 in the number of bivalents appeared to be the mode. 3. Tri-, tetra-and pentavalents were rarely observed besides bivalents at the heterotypic metaphase.
Bioefficacy of a mono-component protease in the diets of pigs and poultry: a meta-analysis of effect on ileal amino acid digestibility

A meta-analysis of the effect of a mono-component bacterial protease (RONOZYME ® ProAct) on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in poultry and swine diets was conducted to examine functional patterns, mean effects and variability of response. A total of 25 independently-conducted experiments were included comprising a total of 804 datapoints. The mean response to protease was +3.74% (SE 1.1%, P 0.05). However, the inherent digestibility of amino acids in the control diet as a single explanatory term explained around 47% of the variance (P
Communicative Language Teaching: The Perceptions of English Teachers in Mempawah Hilir

It is undeniable fact that English strengthens its role as international language day by day. In the response to this phenomenon, the Indonesian Ministry of Education has been trying to increase the quality of the education system since years ago; one of them is the changes of curriculum and its teaching approaches. Among many curricula that had been adapted in Indonesia, it is believed that communicative approach or communicative language teaching has mostly adapted in more than two changes of curricula. Therefore, the English teachers of Indonesia are assumed to be familiar with this teaching approach. The research had been done to 18 English teachers of junior high school level in Mempawah Hilir. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to review the results of an investigation about their perceptions in relation to their understanding on CLT principles, and their challenges in implementing CLT. Teachers’ perceptions itself is considered important because it reflects teachers classroom practices. By using cross-sectional descriptive survey research design, the data were derived from questionnaire and classroom observation checklist. It showed that, theoretically, the teachers had good understanding on the CLT principles. Unfortunately, in contrast, it did not reflect in their teaching practices. This phenomenon was caused mostly by some challenges identified from the questionnaire, for instance, big class size and student’s low English proficiency. In short, based on the results, it is hoped that this result can be one of references in making education/curriculum policy in the future.
Association between Duffy blood group system variants and susceptibility and resistance to malaria in the Brazilian Amazon

The interaction between Duffy blood group proteins and Plasmodium vivax is necessary for the establishment of the erythrocytic phase of malaria, because these molecules act as receptors for the protozoan. This study showed significant associations between Duffy blood group variants and susceptibility and resistance to vivax malaria. In the present study, Duffy blood group genotyping and phenotyping were carried out for 244 individuals living in a Brazilian area where malaria is endemic and P. vivax identification was performed by thick blood smears. Our results showed that 80 individuals were positive and 164 were negative to P. vivax. We registered a high frequency of genotype FYAFYB (47.5%), followed by FYBFY (15.6%), FYAFYA (14.3%), FYBFYB (11.5%), FYAFY (8.6%), and FYFY (2.5%). The frequencies of FYA, FYB, and FY alleles were 55%, 38.8%, and 6.3% in infected individuals, respectively, whereas in non-infected ones they were 36.3%, 45.1%, and 18.6%, respectively. These results demonstrate that FYA allele is more frequent in individuals infected with vivax malaria. The null genotype was not found in infected subjects, but was present in 3.7% of the non-infected individuals. We also found 11.5% discordance between genotype and phenotype. The estimated genetic frequency proved that the population participating in the study did not show genetic balance according to Hardy-Weinberg.
SEA BREAM LIVER : HISTOLOGICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURE STUDIES ( II ) BILIARY SYSTEM AND HEPATOPANCREAS

The liver was covered by a thin fibrous connective tissue capsule, and a single layer of mesothelial cells. The parenchyma of the liver was not divided into lobules. The biliary channels were dispersed throughout the parenchyma. The biliary tree was formed of canaliculi, preductules, ductules and ducts. The bile canaliculi were formed by the apposition of 2-3 hepatocytes and the plasmatic membrane at this level projected numerous microvilli into the lumen. Adjacent cells were joined by apparent tight junctions, followed by desmosomes. Bile ductules were lined by 2-3 cuboidal cells with rounded nuclei and prominent nucleoli, its outer contour was surrounded by dark stained cell with flat nucleus. These cells were attached by apparent tight junctions, desmosomes and interdigitations. Additionally they were joined to the hepatocytcs basally by desmosomes. Few short microvilli projected into the lumen. Bile ducts showed a clear basal lamina. The small sized duct was lined by 4-6 cuboidal cells, with spherical vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli and with clear apical brush border. It was surrounded by connective tissue. Ultrastructurally, the bile duct was encircled by fibrocytes and myocytes, up to 4 layers. Few microvilli were observed on the apical border. The large bile ducts were lined by more than six cells and had a much wider lumen than the smaller ducts. Its lining was columnar cells with slightly elongated basal nuclei. Dark stained Sea Bream Liver:Histological And Ultrastructure . M. A. EL-Shammaa et al., Kafr El-Sheikh Vet.Med.J. Vol. 1 No.1 (2003) 33 nuclei of migratory cells were observed in the epithelium of large bile duct. Rodlet cells were found among the biliary epithelial cells.The large bile duct was surrounded by abundant fibrous connective tissue formed mainly of collagen fibers and few reticular fibers. The bile duct had apical brush border which reacted positively with PAS. Exocrine pancreatic tissue was observed intrahepatically around the large branches of the portal vein and found also along its course and tributaries. The pancreatic cell appeared pyramidal to columnar in shape with spherical basal nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The cytoplasm was differentiated into two parts; basal around nucleus which was deeply basophilic and apical contained acidophilic granules. The acidophilic (zymogenic) granules directed toward the lumen of acini and the nucleus faced the portal vein and adjacent hepatocytes. The exocrine pancreatic cells were arranged in two rows. The intralobular pancreatic duct appeared between acini and contained secretion. They were lined by cuboidal cells with spherical nuclei and peripheral heterochromatin. Ultrastructrally the pyramidshaped cells had basally located nuclei and prominent nucleoli; both were some of characteristic features of highly active cells. The basal cytoplasm was packed with dilated profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, among which elongated mitochondria were scattered. Smaller irregular microvilli were seen projected into the lumen.
Utilization of wetlands by ardeids in Starling Inlet, Hong Kong: A year-round study and a comparison between the census and flight-line methods.

-Habitat use by ardeids in Starling Inlet, Hong Kong, was assessed by walking a fixed 6 km route, two or three times a month, during low tide between August 1997 and August 1998. A total of 36 surveys were made, with a mean count of 452 individuals per survey (S.E. ? 128). Eight species of ardeids and two species of bitterns were recorded. In the winter, non-breeding season, the dominant species was the Great Egret (Casmerodius albus), while in the summer (breeding season) it was the Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax). Shallow coastal waters and mudflats were the most important habitats at low tide for Great and Little Egrets (Egretta garzetta), and Grey Herons (Ardea cinerea), while fishponds were the most important for Black-crowned Night Herons. A freshwater marsh was used mainly by Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus ibis) and Intermediate Egrets (Mesophoyx intermedia). During the 1998 breeding season, a comparison was made between the census and a flight-line methods in evaluating ardeid habitat use. Both methods gave similar results for habitat use by Great and Little Egrets, but the census method underestimated the use of mangrove habitats by Black-crowned Night Herons and missed the use of wet grassland habitats outside the inlet by Cattle Egrets. We suggest that the census method is more efficient for assessing the use of particular open habitats, while the flight-line method is more accurate for investigating overall use of a landscape during the breeding season. Received 2 August 2000, accepted 30 December 2000.
On measuring microhabitat affinities with special reference to small mammals

Two different sampling regimes have been used to measure microhabitat utilization patterns in animal communities. The more common one employs a completely random arrangement of sampling stations with respect to habitat structure, and microhabitat affinities are inferred from correlations between animal density at a station and habitat features present nearby. An alternative method employs a stratified random arrangement of sampling stations. Microhabitat categories are defined a priori, predetermined sampling effort is expended in each microhabitat, and affinities are inferred from relative frequency of occurrence in each microhabitat. We discuss assumptions implicit in each method and compare microhabitat affinities of five California coastal sage scrub rodent species obtained by the two methods. Although there is some qualitative agreement between methods, we conclude that the stratified random regime has several advantages over the other for studies of microhabitat affinity. For other sorts of study, however, a completely random design may be superior.
Saurocory in Melocactus violaceus (Cactaceae)1

The button cactus, Melocactus violaceus (Cactaceae), occurs in open, sandy soils in southern Brazilian coastal areas. The fruits of this species are pink, cone-shaped, and have a high water content and low sugar concentration. The fruits of M. violaceus develop while completely protected inside the cephalium and are driven out by internal pressure when ripe. Fruits can be exposed in only a few minutes during the hottest part of the day, and they become easily visible over the cephalium. They are expelled more quickly when temperature is high and lizards are more active. During the dry season these fruits appear to be eaten exclusively by the lizard Tropidurus torquatus (Tropiduridae). The cephalium is positioned close to soil level and the bright color of the fruits apparently improves fruit detection. Lizards defecate viable M. violaceus seeds. These seeds germinated quickly under laboratory conditions, while seeds collected directly from ripe fruits did not germinate under the same conditions. Cactus and fruit morphology, and the diurnal pattern of fruit release, may represent a suite of adaptations for dispersal by Tropidurus torquatus.
Probability of Detecting Harbor Porpoise from Aerial Surveys: Estimating g(0)

Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), and most other cetaceans, spend a significant proportion of time submerged, and are undetectable from the air. Abundance estimates based on line transect sampling may be severely biased by assuming that all porpoise near the line are detected [g(0) = 1]. By tracking groups of harbor porpoise from land, we estimated the proportion of time harbor porpoise spent at the surface and the probability that aerial observers detected groups within 200 m of the transect line. Two teams on land, equipped with electronic theodolites, tracked harbor porpoise while surveys were conducted from an aircraft equipped with side-bubble windows and a belly window. During 7 days, 33 hours of observation were made in a high-density area for harbor porpoise near Orcas Island, Washington. We monitored 7 different harbor porpoise groups from 15 to 66 minutes each. The average proportion of time at or near the surface was 0.231 (SE = 0.032). From a selected sample of 164 land-based sightings of harbor porpoise groups, 50 (30.5%) were observed from the aircraft. For our aerial line transect surveys of harbor porpoise conducted by experienced observers, g(0) = 0.292 (SE = 0.107). However, for the inexperienced observers, g(0) was 0.079 (SE = 0.046), which demonstrates the importance of experience and training.
Eight new species of Macvicaria Gibson and Bray, 1982 (Digenea: Opecoelidae) mainly from endemic temperate marine fishes of Australia

Nine morphologically distinct species of Macvicaria Gibson & Bray, 1982 were recovered from six families, ten genera and twelve species of marine fi shes in the waters off the coast of Queensland, Western Australia and South Australia: M. shotteri n. sp. in Apogon fasciatus (type-host), Sillaginodes punctatus and Sillago bassensis from Moreton Bay (type-locality), off southern Western Australia and off Kangaroo Island, South Australia; M. mekistomorphe n. sp. in Sillago maculata from Moreton Bay; M. mutovitellina n. sp. in Dactylophora nigricans from off southern Western Australia; M. fl exuomeatus n. sp. in Goniistius gibbosus (type-host) and Cheilodactylus rubrolabiatus from southern Western Australia; M. vitellocopiosa n. sp. in Sillaginodes punctatus from off Kangaroo Island, South Australia; M. dextrocaula n. sp. in Notolabrus parilus (type-host) and N. fucicola (Richardson) (Labridae) from off southern Western Australia (type-locality) and Kangaroo Island, South Australia; M. heronensis Bray & Cribb, 1989 in Trachinotus coppingeri off Stradbroke Island, Queensland; M. adomeae n. sp. in Sillaginodes punctatus off Kangaroo Island, South Australia; M. kingscotensis n. sp. in Neoodax balteatus (type-host) and Haletta semifasciata off Kangaroo Island, South Australia. We have used the following characters to distinguish between the species of Macvicaria: general body form; length/width ratio; size of cirrussac; length of forebody; post-testicular extent of caeca; egg size; and the position of the genital pore. Most of the species of Macvicaria showed interspecifi c diff erences in all of the characters enumerated, the most dramatic being in the position of the genital pore in one species. All 11 specimens recovered from 2 species of Notolabrus were found to have a dextral genital pore. Th is is the second report of
Changing perspectives in Australian archaeology, part IV. Quantifying stone raw material size distributions: investigating cortex proportions in lithic assemblages from western New South Wales.

Recent studies using a methodology for the quantification of cortex in lithic assemblages indicate a deficit in cortical surface area in mid to late Holocene contexts in western New South Wales, Australia. This result is interpreted to reflect the extensive transport of artefacts away from their place of production, thus providing a measure of prehistoric mobility within contexts otherwise noted for technological expediency. Here we provide a further investigation of the observed pattern by testing the null hypothesis that all artefacts were discarded where produced. We calculate the size of stone cobbles required to account for the cortical surface area and volume observed archaeologically and compare these values to the distribution of cobble sizes from the raw material sources from which the assemblages were produced. Results indicate that the very large cobble sizes implied by archaeological cortex proportions are not found in a large enough frequency to reasonably represent the average cobble size chosen for reduction. We conclude that the null hypothesis, that artefacts were discarded where they were produced should be rejected in favour of the original interpretation of cortex loss indicating artefact transport. Douglass, Matthew J., anD siMon J. holDaway, 2011. Changing perspectives in Australian archaeology, part IV. Quantifying stone raw material size distributions: investigating cortex proportions in lithic assemblages from western New South Wales. Technical Reports of the Australian Museum, Online 23(4): 45–57. Archaeologists have in recent years been able to document the ways people made and maintained stone tools and how these varied with their degree of mobility and sedentism. Mobile people were often able to use distant raw material sources and carry artefacts from these places to locations where they were needed. In these situations, limitations on the quantity of raw material that might be carried often promoted an emphasis on portability, efficiency and versatility in tool design. Efforts were made to reduce waste and to decrease the likelihood of tool failure as seen by the presence of retouched flake tools, formally prepared cores, blades and bifaces. In contrast, where people were more sedentary, they were sometimes able to move larger quantities of raw material to a single location or position themselves adjacent to stone sources. In these situations an adequate supply of raw material prompted a more casual or expedient approach to technology. Non-formalized artefact morphologies were emphasized leading to the manufacture
SUNLIGHT, SHADE AND TIDAL NIGHT : PHOTOADAPTATION IN FUCUS VESICULOSUS L.

Abstract This investigation compares two populations of Fucus vesiculosus L. in which the lower bathymetric limits are determined by insufficient light rather than by the presence of a superior algal competitor. In the tidal reaches of the R. Mersey (NW England), water turbidity is so severe that Fucus experiences darkness when covered by an incoming tide. These plants must therefore photosynthesise only when emergent and are hence exposed to full sunlight. Baltic Sea (SW Finland) Fucus, in contrast, is permanently submerged in an atidal environment and subject to shade conditions that increase with depth. Chlorophyll concentrations and ratios in these populations differ significantly. Significant morphological differences are also present, with Baltic thalli showing distal blade expansion and Mersey thalli proximal expansion. A transplant experiment involving Baltic thalli from different sites and depths suggested that morphological plasticity had a minor role in the observed differences. The adaptive im.
Evidence for limited trophic transfer of allochthonous energy in temperate river food webs

The River Continuum Concept (RCC) predicts that riverine food webs shift from a reliance on allochthonous energy in headwaters to autochthonous production in lower reaches. However, estimates of resource reliance often fail to account for resource segregation within the food web. Stable-isotope biomarkers can be used to estimate the relative importance of allochthonous and autochthonous material to specific groups and within the food web. δ13C and δ15N isotope ratios were calculated for allochthonous (conditioned leaf litter) and autochthonous (biofilm and bryophytes) basal energy sources, macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups (shredder, grazer, collector–filterer, collector–gatherer, predator), and resident fish species at 17 locations spanning the headwaters to lower reaches of 2 river systems in eastern Canada. Stable-isotope mixing models and correlations were used to identify longitudinal trends in the food webs of both rivers. In headwater streams, allochthonous material was the predominant resource for shredders, whereas all other primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers predominantly used autochthonous basal resources. Stable-isotope ratios of allochthonous material varied minimally between sites. Both autochthonous basal sources were significantly 13C-enriched and 15N-depleted in lower-reach relative to headwater sites. Shredders displayed minimal variation across sites, whereas longitudinal variation in all other primary consumers, macroinvertebrate predators, and fishes was closely correlated with autochthonous basal sources. These results highlight the role of resource segregation within river food webs and indicate that the RCC may not predict energy pathways in all temperate river systems.
The Role of Organizational Commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Hotel Industry

There are many studies that focused on the role of organizational commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) specifically conducted in Indonesia. However, few of studies emphasize on the role of three conceptual constructs of organizational commitment namely affective, normative, and continuance on OCB in Indonesian context. Several empirical studies still remain inconclusive due to the inconsistency results. This research is intended as an empirical test to examine the role of three conceptual dimensions of commitment on OCB, and also tested to add body of knowledge about the results of this empirical study in Indonesia especially in hospitality industry. This is a quantitative causal research with 73 three-starred hotels’ employees as the respondents. The data is processed using SmartPLS 2.0 as the statistical tools, and as the result it is found that affective commitment affects positively and significantly toward OCB; normative commitment affects positively and significantly toward OCB; and lastly continuance commitment affects positively and significantly toward OCB.
ECOLOGICAL FITNESS OF SENECIO VULGARIS AND AMARANTHUS RETROFLEXUS BIOTYPES SUSCEPTIBLE OR RESISTANT TO ATRAZINE

(1) Biotypes of Senecio vulgaris L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. , which were either resistant or susceptible to atrazine [2-chloro-4(ethylamino)-6(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], were compared. Dry matter production, resource allocation patterns and competitive ability were measured. (2) Dry matter production of susceptible biotypes was greater than that of resistant biotypes, under both competitive and non-competitive conditions. (3) Resource allocation patterns were similar for both biotypes of each species. (4) Susceptible biotypes of Senecio vulgaris and Amaranthus retroflexus were more competitive than resistant biotypes under all treatments tested.
A comparison of Multiplex PCR and Sandwich ELISA for the diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica infection in Basrah Province

Summary A total of 100 stool specimens from the patien ts were used for this purpose, were examined by microscope demonstrated that only 76 ( 76 % ) were positive for E. histolytica \ E. dispar complex. Among these stool samples 64 ( 64 % ) of which were positive by the Sandwich ELISA test. DNA was extracted from stool specimens and then amplified by multiplex PCR. Out of these stool samples, 69 were positive by multiplex PCR, with 43 ( 43 % ) the diagnostic fragment characteristic of E. dispar ( 96 bp ) and 26 ( 26 % ) diagnostic fragment of E. histolytica ( 132 ). Among negative samples detected by microscopic examination, one positive for E. histolytica \ E. dispar and four positive for E. dispar by multiplex PCR were observed. Compared to the multiplex PCR assay, the Sandwich ELISA test was 84 % sensitivity and 100 % specific. The result demonstrated the importance of the specific technique used for the differentiation between E. histolytica and E. dispar .