Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS RELATED TO RANDOM WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION AND POSTURE ON A SUSPENDED SEATWITH AND WITHOUT BACKREST

Abstract WBV-exposures are often linked with forced postures as prolonged sitting, bent forward sitting, or sitting without a backrest. No quantitative data are available to describe the exposure–effect relationships for different conditions of seating, posture, and the biological variability of workers. Experiments and subsequent predictions of forces acting within the spine during WBV can help to improve the assessment of the health risk. An experimental study was performed with 39 male subjects sitting on a suspension seat with or with no backrest contact. They were exposed to random whole-body vibration with a weighted r.m.s. value of 0·6 m/s2 at a relaxed or a forward bending posture. A two-dimensional finite element model was used for the calculation of the internal spinal load. The model simulates the human response on a suspension driver seat. Individual exposure conditions were considered by including the transfer functions between the seat cushion and the seat base as well as between the backrest and the seat base for the calculation of the vibration input to the buttocks and to the back respectively. The average peak seat transmissibility was higher for the seat with the backrest, but the peak seat-to-head transmissibility was higher for the seat without the backrest for both postures. The peak transmissibilities between the accelerations at the seat base and the compressive forces at L5/S1 were highest for the seat without the backrest during the bending posture. Various biological effects can result from identical exposures combined with different backrest contact and postures. The backrest contact and posture conditions should not be neglected in the assessment of health risk caused by whole-body vibration.
Distributed Nash Equilibrium Computation Under Round-Robin Scheduling Protocol

This article is concerned with distributed Nash equilibrium (NE) problem for multiplayer games under the Round-Robin (RR) protocol. For the purpose of effectively mitigating data congestion and saving communication resources, the RR protocol is adopted for each player, under which the player is permitted to transmit data to only one of its neighbors at each time instant. The resulting protocol-induced communication graph become time-varying and even disconnected, even though the original graph is assumed to be strongly connected. The aim of the addressed problem is to develop a distributed algorithm in the partial-decision information setting such the convergence of NE can be guaranteed under the $B$-strong connectivity of graphs and the row-stochasticity of weighted adjacency matrix. The sufficient condition on the convergence of the NE is derived for the algorithm with diminishing step-sizes. Some discussions are provided on convergence rate of the proposed algorithm. Finally, one numerical example is provided to verify the developed algorithm.
Single-Dose Intramuscular Toxicity Test Using No-Pain Pharmacopuncture in Sprague–Dawley Rats

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the potential toxicity of a recently developed and clinically used No-Pain pharmacopuncture (NPP) solution. We also assessed the lethal dose of the NPP agent following a single intramuscular injection in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods Animals were divided into two groups the NPP test material group and the normal saline control group. A single intramuscular injection of the NPP agent (1.0 mL/animal) was administered to rats of the NPP test material group. The control group rats received the same volume of normal saline. Both female and male rats were included in each group. All rats were monitored for clinical signs and body weight changes for 14 days after administration of the test substance or saline. At the end of the observation period, a gross necropsy was conducted and localized tolerance at the injection site was analyzed. Results No mortality was observed in the NPP test material and control groups. Moreover, no test substance-related effects were observed on clinical signs, body weight, necropsy findings, and localized tolerance at the injection site. Conclusion The approximate lethal dose of the NPP agent is greater than 1.0 mL/animal under the conditions used in this study. Additional toxicity evaluations and clinical studies are needed to confirm the safety of NPP use in clinical practice.
Current Approach to the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cataracts

Cataracts remain the first or second leading cause of blindness in all world regions. In the diabetic population, cataracts not only have a 3–5 times higher incidence than in the healthy population but also affect people at a younger age. In patients with type 1 diabetes, cataracts occur on average 20 years earlier than in the non-diabetic population. In addition, the risk of developing cataracts increases with the duration of diabetes and poor metabolic control. A better understanding of the mechanisms leading to the formation of diabetic cataracts enables more effective treatment and a holistic approach to the patient.
An enhanced single damage identification in beams using natural frequency shifts and analytic modal curvatures

This article presents an improved procedure for detecting single damage in beam-like structures. Many damage detection methods are based on the analysis of beam natural frequency shifts in damaged and intact states and its analytical modal curvatures. They identify the damage by constructing curves of damage coefficients along the beam and visually determining the point of their mutual intersection. However, for some cases, the absence of an unambiguous point of intersection of these curves or the low accuracy of its localization makes it difficultto use these methods. To accurately determine the mutual intersection of damage coefficient curves, this work proposes to use a subset of modes without one having its curvature close to zero at the site of the alleged damage. This approach greatly simplifies the determination of the point of intersection of the curves of damagecoefficients. An enhanced procedure for the numerical determination of this intersection point is also proposed,rather than the visual one used in existing methods. The effectiveness of the proposed technique was confirmedby numerical simulation followed by experimental verification.
Sexist Attitudes in Online Video Gaming: Development and Validation of the Sexism Against Women Gamers Scale in Spanish and English

Sexism is an increasingly prevalent problem in the gaming community. However, until now, assessment instruments focused on the construct “sexism against women gamers” are lacking. We present an eight-item self-report scale: Sexism Against Women Gamers Scale (SAWGS). We studied the reliability and validity of the scores of Spanish and English versions across five independent samples (N = 2,437), with participants from Spain and the United States. Scores on both versions demonstrated high reliability, while exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported their unidimensional structure. The analysis established configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender. SAWGS was invariant at the configural level across countries. SAWGS scores were independent of social desirability, positively correlated with myths about intimate-partner violence against women, sexism, and social dominance orientation, and correlated negatively with feminism. Using two fictitious scenarios of sexism in online gaming, we found that gamers with higher scores on SAWGS showed a greater tendency to downplay a sexist incident and proposed a less severe punishment for toxic gamers. The SAWGS explained additional variance on responses to scenarios beyond that explained by other measures. The detection of sexism should make it possible to develop programs for its eradication and avoid negative consequences for women gamers. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub. com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843231162837
Asymptotic Normality of a Class of Adaptive Statistics with Applications to Synthetic Data Methods for Censored Regression

Motivated by regression analysis of censored survival data, we develop herein a general asymptotic distribution theory for estimators defined by estimating equations of the form ? ni=1? (wi, ? , ? n) = 0, in which wi represents observed data, ? is an unknown parameter to be estimated, and ? n represents an estimate of some unknown underlying distribution. This general theory is used to establish asymptotic normality of synthetic least squares estimates in censored regression models and to evaluate the covariance matrices of the limiting normal distributions.
Spectral graph theory with applications to quantum adiabatic optimization

Title of dissertation: SPECTRAL GRAPH THEORY WITH APPLICATIONS TO QUANTUM ADIABATIC OPTIMIZATION Michael Jarret Baume, Doctor of Philosophy, 2016 Dissertation directed by: Professor Stephen P. Jordan University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies In this dissertation I draw a connection between quantum adiabatic optimization, spectral graph theory, heat-diffusion, and sub-stochastic processes through the operators that govern these processes and their associated spectra. In particular, we study Hamiltonians which have recently become known as “stoquastic” or, equivalently, the generators of substochastic processes. The operators corresponding to these Hamiltonians are of interest in all of the settings mentioned above. I predominantly explore the connection between the spectral gap of an operator, or the difference between the two lowest energies of that operator, and certain equilibrium behavior. In the context of adiabatic optimization, this corresponds to the likelihood of solving the optimization problem of interest. I will provide an instance of an optimization problem that is easy to solve classically, but leaves open the possibility to being difficult adiabatically. Aside from this concrete example, the work in this dissertation is predominantly mathematical and we focus on bounding the spectral gap. Our primary tool for doing this is spectral graph theory, which provides the most natural approach to this task by simply considering Dirichlet eigenvalues of subgraphs of host graphs. I will derive tight bounds for the gap of one-dimensional, hypercube, and general convex subgraphs. The techniques used will also adapt methods recently used by Andrews and Clutterbuck to prove the longstanding “Fundamental Gap Conjecture”. SPECTRAL GRAPH THEORY WITH APPLICATIONS TO QUANTUM ADIABATIC OPTIMIZATION by Michael Jarret Baume Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2016 Advisory Committee: Professor Andrew Childs, Chair Professor Stephen P. Jordan, Advisor Professor Alexey Gorshkov, Co-Advisor Professor Jay Deep Sau Professor Jeffrey Bub c © Copyright by Michael Jarret Baume 2016
Stray fields of domains in permalloy microstructures—Measurements and simulations

We have measured the stray fields of thin permalloy (Ni83Fe17) microstructures with different geometries and several thicknesses by magnetic-force microscopy (MFM). The MFM images are compared to corresponding images calculated from micromagnetic simulations. In particular, the type of 180° domain walls is discussed. We observe a transition from cross-tie to asymmetric Bloch walls between 70 and 100 nm film thickness. Good agreement between measurement and simulation is obtained.
Continuum models of crystal growth from atomic beams with and without desorption

Continuum equations appropriate to describe crystal growth from atom beams are derived in various cases. When desorption is important, the growth is described on very long lengthscales by the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation, but should be corrected for shorter lengthscales where surface diffusion is the dominant mechanism. In the absence of desorption, an important effect at sufficiently low temperature comes from the fact that diffusion of incoming atoms on the surface is anisotropic on long lengthscales becaused it is biased by reflexions against terrace edges. As a result, the growth is described by a pseudo-diffusion equation. In the case of a high symmetry surface, (001) or (ill), an instability arises. Finally,in the absence of diffusion bias, the growth is described by a nonlinear equation of fourth order with respect to 3/3x and 3/3y. The exponents are calculated in a Flory-type approximation. In particular the roughness exponent is found to be x = (5 d)/3 in d dimensions.
Impact of bridging social capital on the tragedy of the commons: experimental evidence

Sharing resources between members of different tribes and collectives is common and well-documented. Surprisingly, little is known about factors that are conducive to building social relationships between groups. We design a common-pool resource experiment, where after harvesting, groups can send some of their harvest to augment the resource of the outgroup. We compare donations made by individuals collectively and independently of other group members, under the conditions of equal and unequal resources. We find that individuals acting as decision-makers, but not groups, donate harvests frequently even though it is payoff-reducing. We conduct an additional treatment, where each donation is matched (doubled) by an equivalent transfer of resources, making sharing between groups payoff-improving. Under matching donations, sharing between groups flourishes, but fails to prevent resource decline in most groups. Finally, our experiment reveals that members of low-endowment groups overharvest resources in expectation of donations from affluent groups, which leads to the tragedy of the commons.
A Broadband Fast Multipole Accelerated Boundary Element Method for the 3D Helmholtz Equation

The development of a fast multipole method (FMM) accelerated iterative solution of the boundary element method (BEM) for the Helmholtz equations in 3D is described. The FMM for the Helmholtz equation is significantly different for problems with low and high kD (where k is the wavenumber and D the domain size), and for large problems the method must be switched between levels of the hierarchy. The BEM requires several approximate computations (numerical quadrature, approximations of the boundary shapes using elements), and these errors must be balanced against approximations introduced by the FMM and the convergence criterion for iterative solution. These different errors must all be chosen in a way that on the one hand excess work is not done and on the other that the error achieved by the overall computation is acceptable. Details of translation operators for low and high kD, choice of representations, and BEM quadrature schemes, all consistent with these approximations are described. A novel preconditioner using a low accuracy FMM accelerated solver as a right preconditioner is also described. Results of the developed solvers for large boundary value problems with 0.0001 kD 500 are presented and shown to perform close to theoretical expectations.
Convection‐permitting climate simulations with COSMO‐CLM over northwestern Türkiye under the RCP8.5 scenario

The performance of the climate simulations by the regional climate model COSMO‐CLM forced by MPI‐ESM‐LR, as well as projected future temperature and precipitation conditions over northwestern Türkiye at the convection‐permitting resolution, are shown in this study. In terms of mean, maximum and minimum temperatures and daily total precipitation, the model response was examined. Comparisons with observations were made on an annual and seasonal basis. The convection‐permitting model (0.0275°) provides a satisfactory representation of annual and seasonal mean temperatures according to bias, MAE and RMSE. Better results were found for precipitation with respect to RE, MAE and RMSE. Finally, we used the RCP8.5 emission scenario to investigate future climate changes in terms of average temperature and precipitation variations for northwestern Türkiye, including Istanbul, over two projection periods (2041–2060 and 2071–2090) compared to the reference period (1991–2005). The model predicts significant warming in northwestern Türkiye, particularly in Istanbul and its environs, by the end of the century, as well as a general decrease in precipitation, especially evident in the spring and summer. The findings of this study can be used to develop climate adaptation policies based on temperature and precipitation variables in and around the study area.
Defying Logic? Exploring the Multiple Network Pathways for Principals’ Institutional Logics

Purpose: The increasing complexity of principals’ roles, including focusing both on learning outcomes and equity issues, requires having the flexibility to view novel problems through multiple lenses. In this article, we draw on institutional theory and social network research to understand the factors enabling and constraining the cognitive repertoire principals draw on when solving problems. Methods: The data come from a field simulation of how 52 principals respond to and seek advice for two problem scenarios. Along with principals’ personal and school characteristics, we examine how the characteristics of principals’ professional networks are related to their problem-solving and reliance on institutional logics. Findings: Some imprecision in the model estimates notwithstanding, in this exploratory study intended to illuminate potential patterns for study in future research. We find evidence that principals draw on four institutional logics when solving problems: democratic and family logics, bureaucratic logics, professional logics, and market logics. Principals’ reliance on these institutional logics appears to be related to the closeness of the colleagues in their advice networks as well as the nature of the problem they are solving. Implications: One key contribution is to research is to reveal the subtlety of the social sensemaking involved in interpreting and taking action in institutional environments. The results also highlight which network characteristics might help principals respond more flexibly to new and complex problems in institutional contexts, such as racial equity.
Web design software to record the characteristics of children with cleft palate/cleft lip

Background: Cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) are among the most common birth defects in the craniofacial region affected by various environmental and genetic factors. The prevalence of these abnormalities varies in races and countries. Therefore, it is a necessity to design a website to register newborns with CL ± CP in Iran. This study aimed to design a website to record the characteristics of children with CL ± CP. Materials and Methods: First, a website was designed to register the characteristics of children with CL ± CP. To evaluate the accuracy of the website, the characteristics of all children (n = 31) with CL ± CP were recorded and analyzed. Results: Due to the capability of the website to print and create reports in Excel format, the data of registered patients were analyzed. Conclusion: As CL ± CP are very common defects around the world including Iran, it is necessary to design a website to record all information about these children in Iran. Hope this website helps the public health authorities to improve program effectiveness to treat these children.
Electron losses from the radiation belts caused by EMIC waves

Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) waves cause electron loss in the radiation belts by resonating with high‐energy electrons at energies greater than about 500 keV. However, their effectiveness has not been fully quantified. Here we determine the effectiveness of EMIC waves by using wave data from the fluxgate magnetometer on CRRES to calculate bounce‐averaged pitch angle and energy diffusion rates for L*=3.5–7 for five levels of Kp between 12 and 18 MLT. To determine the electron loss, EMIC diffusion rates were included in the British Antarctic Survey Radiation Belt Model together with whistler mode chorus, plasmaspheric hiss, and radial diffusion. By simulating a 100 day period in 1990, we show that EMIC waves caused a significant reduction in the electron flux for energies greater than 2 MeV but only for pitch angles lower than about 60°. The simulations show that the distribution of electrons left behind in space looks like a pancake distribution. Since EMIC waves cannot remove electrons at all pitch angles even at 30 MeV, our results suggest that EMIC waves are unlikely to set an upper limit on the energy of the flux of radiation belt electrons.
What does Intermarriage Say about Immigrant Integration in Japan? The Maintenance of a National and Gender Hierarchy through Marriage Norms

Abstract Using 2010 Japanese census data, we critically interrogate the idea of integration through marriage in Japan. Intermarriage has been seen as a result of integration but the patterns of intermarriage and integration might depend on existing intersecting power structures in the receiving society. We explore assortative mating patterns in bi-national marriages in order to understand how citizenship status, race, gender, and educational level intersect and affect the patterns of intermarriage in Japan. We argue how ‘integration’ through bi-national marriage only perpetuates the structural hierarchy that premiers and maintain the status of the (male) native Japanese majority over Asian immigrants.
Physiological Stress Responses to Fear and Anxiety in a Height Change Experiment among Non-Labor Teenagers

Working on elevated surfaces without prior experience can be dangerous, particularly for young people, who are significantly more at risk of developing fear and anxiety, which might lead to falls and fatalities. This critical problem has, however, received limited research attention. The present study aimed to demonstrate the associations among physiological responses, fear, and anxiety in Thai teenagers at various height levels. Sixty teenagers (30 males and 30 females) between the ages of 15 and 18 who had no labor skills were recruited to perform the task at 11 levels, starting at zero meters and increasing by one meter at each level. The measurements were examined and recorded once the task at each level was finished. The main results indicated that heart rate was partially positively associated with mean arterial pressure, fear, and anxiety (with all p values < 0.001) in all teenagers (after controlling for level and sex), as well as male and female teenagers (after controlling for level). The present study suggested monitoring heart rate data in teenagers conducting activities at heights, which can be triggered by fear and anxiety, as a strategy for preventing falls from height hazards.
Therapist Resilience in an Ever-Changing World: A Systematic Review

Given the demands of a helping professions amidst an ever-changing world, therapists need resilience now more than ever. This systematic literature review had two purposes: to explore the international evidence of internal characteristics that contribute to therapist resilience and to investigate the common ground between previous literature about therapist resilience and the newly identified characteristics of highly resilient therapists. In all, 29 peer-reviewed original research articles were systematically collected and coded for themes. In all, 10 overarching themes were identified: (a) connection to community, (b) pursuit of continual growth, (c) emotional boundaries, (d) emotional support, (e) humor, (f) integration of personal and professional, (g) meaning and purpose, (h) positive sense of self, (i) self-awareness, and (j) spirituality. The themes reinforced the four core characteristics of highly resilient therapists. Implications to foster therapist resilience and ideas for future research are discussed.