Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of flood damages on namphong river by hec-ras

Floods are regularly happening in the urbanizing Nam Phong watershed, the northeastern region of Thailand. The lower Phong Basin area regularly goes more or less under water every year in monsoon due to lack of flood protection and limited resources [4]. The damage of flood normally courses property losses, houses and land use change to the lowland in the flood prone area. The objectives of the study were, 1) Determine the flood frequency and flood zoning of the Nam Pong River at a return period of 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years, 2) Mapping the flood damage from the simulation varied with the different return periods. In this paper, the estimation of flood damage based on various return periods on Nam Pong watershed (2993.95 km) was carried out by 1D hydrodynamic simulation with HEC-RAS model which the runoff was simulated by the SWAT model for 10-year rainfall records (2000–2010), the Gumbel‘s method had been used to analyze the flood frequencies with various return periods and the water released from Ubolratana dam were also analyzed as scenarios for inputting to the HEC-RAS model. The simulation of inundated area was conducted using hydrodynamic program HEC-RAS.4. 1 for the flood of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100-year return periods. The simulation has revealed that the percent of flood damage is 20%, 23.2%, 27.8%, 34.3%, and 38.5% at return period 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years, respectively. The various flood damage mappings were prepared according to the simulation result using the software ArcView. The map showed that the flood damage with 50 and 100-year return periods had affected moderately to the agricultural and urban area. In the future, these two maps should be helpful in raising awareness of flood damages and in assigning priority for emergency preparedness in the affected area.
Universality in polytope phase transitions and iterative algorithms

We consider a class of nonlinear mappings FA, N in RN indexed by symmetric random matrices A ϵ RN×N with independent entries. Within spin glass theory, special cases of these mappings correspond to iterating the TAP equations and were studied by Erwin Bolthausen. Within information theory, they are known as `approximate message passing' algorithms. We study the high-dimensional (large N) behavior of the iterates of F for polynomial functions F, and prove that it is universal, i.e. it depends only on the first two moments of the entries of A. As an application, we prove the universality of a certain phase transition arising in polytope geometry and compressed sensing. This solves a conjecture by David Donoho and Jared Tanner.
EndRE: An End-System Redundancy Elimination Service for Enterprises

In many enterprises today, WAN optimizers are being deployed in order to eliminate redundancy in network traffic and reduce WAN access costs. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of EndRE, an alternate approach where redundancy elimination (RE) is provided as an end system service. Unlike middleboxes, such an approach benefits both end-to-end encrypted traffic as well as traffic on last-hop wireless links to mobile devices. EndRE needs to be fast, adaptive and parsimonious in memory usage in order to opportunistically leverage resources on end hosts. Thus, we design a new fingerprinting scheme called SampleByte that is much faster than Rabin fingerprinting while delivering similar compression gains. Unlike Rabin fingerprinting, SampleByte can also adapt its CPU usage depending on server load. Further, we introduce optimizations to reduce server memory footprint by 33-75% compared to prior approaches. Using several terabytes of network traffic traces from 11 enterprise sites, testbed experiments and a pilot deployment, we show that EndRE delivers 26% bandwidth savings on average, processes payloads at speeds of 1.5- 4Gbps, reduces end-to-end latencies by up to 30%, and translates bandwidth savings into equivalent energy savings on mobile smartphones.
A Low Active Leakage and High Reliability Phase Change Memory (PCM) Based Non-Volatile FPGA Storage Element

The high leakage current has been one of the critical issues in SRAM-based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). In recent works, resistive non-volatile memories (NVMs) have been utilized to tackle the issue with their superior energy efficiency and fast power-on speed. Phase Change Memory (PCM) is one of the most promising resistive NVMs with the advantages of low cost, high density and high resistance ratio. However, most of the reported PCM-based FPGAs have significant active leakage power and reliability issues. This paper presents a low active leakage power and high reliability PCM based non-volatile SRAM (nvSRAM). The low active leakage power and high reliability are achieved by biasing PCM cells at 0 V during FPGA operation. Compared to the state-of-the-art, the proposed nvSRAM based 4-input look up table (LUT) achieves 174 times reduction in active leakage power and 15000 times increase in retention time. In addition, the proposed nvSRAM-based FPGA system significantly accelerates the loading speed to less than 1 ns with 2.54 fJ/cell loading energy.
Cultural values and start-up rates in the Spanish provinces

Countries with similar economic situations exhibit persistently different entrepreneurial activity levels. Cultural values have been called for to explain this difference. They may condition individuals’ behaviour and significantly affect the society’s entrepreneurship rates. Nevertheless, few empirical studies have focused on this relationship at the regional or local level. This paper tries to fill this gap in the literature by analysing how specific cultural values (as defined by Schwartz, 1999) can influence the number of start-ups in the different Spanish provinces. Findings indicate the effect to be significant, contributing to explain up to 65.6% of the variance in start-up rates.
Trust Opportunistic Multicast Routing ( TOMR ) Protocol in Multihop Wireless Network

Multicasting The traditional idea in designing routing protocols treats a wireless link as a point-to-point link, and utilizes a single predetermined path to transmit data packets from source to destination. The opportunistic routing is new technology for designing routing protocols in multi-hop wireless network. Opportunistic routing takes the benefit of broadcast nature of wireless communication medium to forward packets opportunistically by using set of intermediate nodes. Due to unreliable and unpredictable nature of the wireless communication medium, many scholars consider network security as key research topic in wireless network. In this paper we are giving a new solution for secure multicast packet transmission using existing trust metric called E2TX (Trustworthiness and ETX). Using E2TX we also consider two issues for a new routing protocol called TOMR: candidate selection and prioritization in classical opportunistic routing. Keywords— Opportunistic Routing, Trust, Multicasting, Multihop Wireless Network.
Culture Moderates Biases in Search Decisions

Prior studies suggest that people often search insufficiently in sequential-search tasks compared with the predictions of benchmark optimal strategies that maximize expected payoff. However, those studies were mostly conducted in individualist Western cultures; Easterners from collectivist cultures, with their higher susceptibility to escalation of commitment induced by sunk search costs, could exhibit a reversal of this undersearch bias by searching more than optimally, but only when search costs are high. We tested our theory in four experiments. In our pilot experiment, participants generally undersearched when search cost was low, but only Eastern participants oversearched when search cost was high. In Experiments 1 and 2, we obtained evidence for our hypothesized effects via a cultural-priming manipulation on bicultural participants in which we manipulated the language used in the program interface. We obtained further process evidence for our theory in Experiment 3, in which we made sunk costs nonsalient in the search task—as expected, cross-cultural effects were largely mitigated.
A real-time top-k query algorithm and parallelized implementation

The analysis of data streams is of great value in many fields such as network monitoring and sensor instrumentation. As a common operation, top-k query over data stream is the basis and core of other problems in data stream analysis. In this paper, we introduce a parallel algorithm based on Frequent algorithm and implement it by utilizing Apache Storm. Further, we evaluate the algorithm by estimated error under various situations and show that the algorithm can effectively improve the precision of top-k query by adjusting the parallel degree. The parallelized implementation is of significance in network traffic monitoring.
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Open Reading Frames O and P Are Not Necessary for Establishment of Latent Infection in Mice

ABSTRACT Open reading frame (ORF) O and ORF P partially overlap and are located antisense to the γ134. 5 gene within the domain transcribed during latency. In wild-type virus-infected cells, ORF O and ORF P are completely repressed during productive infection by ICP4, the major viral transcriptional activator/repressor. In cells infected with a mutant in which ORF P was derepressed there was a significant delay in the appearance of the viral α-regulatory proteins ICP0 and ICP22. The ORF O protein binds to and inhibits ICP4 binding to its cognate DNA site in vitro. These characteristics suggested a role for ORF O and ORF P in the establishment of latency. To test this hypothesis, two recombinant viruses were constructed. In the first, R7538(P−/O−), the ORF P initiator methionine codon, which also serves as the initiator methionine codon for ORF O, was replaced and a diagnostic restriction endonuclease was introduced upstream. In the second, R7543(P−/O−)R, the mutations were repaired to restore the wild-type virus sequences. We report the following. (i) The R7538(P−/O−) mutant failed to express ORF O and ORF P proteins but expressed a wild-type γ134. 5 protein. (ii) R7538(P−/O−) yields were similar to that of the wild type following infection of cell culture or following infection of mice by intracerebral or ocular routes. (iii) R7538(P−/O−) virus reactivated from latency following explanation and cocultivation of murine trigeminal ganglia with Vero cells at a frequency similar to that of the wild type, herpes simplex virus 1(F). (iv) The amount of latent R7538(P−/O−) virus as assayed by quantitative PCR is eightfold less than that of the repair virus. The repaired virus could not be differentiated from the wild-type parent in any of the assays done in this study. We conclude that ORF O and ORF P are not essential for the establishment of latency in mice but may play a role in determining the quantity of latent virus maintained in sensory neurons.
CLOSED-FORM ELASTICITY SOLUTION FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL DEFORMATION OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MICRO/NANO PLATES ON ELASTIC FOUNDATION

This paper addresses the static deformation of simply supported rectangular micro/nano plates made of functionally graded (FG) materials based on the three-dimensional nonlocal elasticity theory of Eringen. The plates are assumed to be simply supported and rested on a Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation. Elasticity modulus is assumed to obey an exponential law along the thickness direction of the micro/nano plate. Using the Fourier series, a displacement field is defined that satisfies simply supported boundary condition and reduces three elasticity equations to two independent equations. The closed-form bending response is achieved by exerting boundary conditions of the lateral surfaces. Numerical results are presented to investigate the influences of the gradient index of the material properties, nonlocal parameter and stiffness of elastic foundation on the mechanical behavior of the plates.
Pushing the limits of mechanical turk: qualifying the crowd for video geo-location

In this article we review the methods we have developed for finding Mechanical Turk participants for the manual annotation of the geo-location of random videos from the web. We require high quality annotations for this project, as we are attempting to establish a human baseline for future comparison to machine systems. This task is different from a standard Mechanical Turk task in that it is difficult for both humans and machines, whereas a standard Mechanical Turk task is usually easy for humans and difficult or impossible for machines. This article discusses the varied difficulties we encountered while qualifying annotators and the steps that we took to select the individuals most likely to do well at our annotation task in the future.
A hierarchical statistical model to assess the confidence of peptides and proteins inferred from tandem mass spectrometry

MOTIVATION Statistical evaluation of the confidence of peptide and protein identifications made by tandem mass spectrometry is a critical component for appropriately interpreting the experimental data and conducting downstream analysis. Although many approaches have been developed to assign confidence measure from different perspectives, a unified statistical framework that integrates the uncertainty of peptides and proteins is still missing. RESULTS We developed a hierarchical statistical model (HSM) that jointly models the uncertainty of the identified peptides and proteins and can be applied to any scoring system. With data sets of a standard mixture and the yeast proteome, we demonstrate that the HSM offers a reliable or at least conservative false discovery rate (FDR) estimate for peptide and protein identifications. The probability measure of HSM also offers a powerful discriminating score for peptide identification. AVAILABILITY The algorithm is available upon request from the authors.
Risk factors for infections with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in a county of Southern Sweden

Background It is important to identify patients who are at risk for infections with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in order to reduce mortality, to avoid spread of resistant bacteria in hospitals, and to minimize the number of patients receiving unnecessary treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. A case-control survey among Swedish patients was performed at Skåne University Hospital to identify risk factors for developing an infection with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in a low endemic country. Methods We used a computerized database to identify patients with growth of ESBL-producing E. coli (n = 109) in urine or blood cultures and an equal number of controls matched for age and gender with non ESBL-producing E. coli in urine and blood diagnosed between January and October 2008. We used unadjusted P-values. Results Patients with ESBL-producing E. coli had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher likelihood of having traveled to Asia including Turkey and the Middle East including Egypt (14/58) than the non-ESBL-positive group (4/53). Hospital stay during the previous year (P < 0.04), especially for more than one month, was another significant (P = 0.01) risk factor for infection with ESBL-producing E. coli (8/58). A stay in the surgical department was a further risk factor (P < 0.01). Conclusion In this study, we identified 22 of 58 (38%) patients with ESBL-producing E. coli by considered significant risk factors before starting antibiotics.
Using Computational Modeling for Building Theory: A Double Edged Sword

Computational modeling is a powerful method for building theory. However, to construct a computational model, researchers need to operationalize their cognitive or verbal theory into the specific terms demanded by the simulationâ€™s language. This requires the researcher to make a series of reasonable assumptions to fill unanticipated â€œspecificity gaps. â€ The problem is that many other reasonable assumptions could also have been made, and many of those resulting models would also match the conceptual theory. This is the problem of equifinality. We demonstrate the power and the dangers of computational modeling by building a simulation of a classic small group study. The results demonstrate that reasonable assumptions and equifinality are straightforward (but often overlooked) problems at the core of genuinely useful methodology. We offer recommendations and hope to open a dialog on other perspectives and solutions.
A computational study of the Warburg effect identifies metabolic targets inhibiting cancer migration

Over the last decade, the field of cancer metabolism has mainly focused on studying the role of tumorigenic metabolic rewiring in supporting cancer proliferation. Here, we perform the first genome‐scale computational study of the metabolic underpinnings of cancer migration. We build genome‐scale metabolic models of the NCI‐60 cell lines that capture the Warburg effect (aerobic glycolysis) typically occurring in cancer cells. The extent of the Warburg effect in each of these cell line models is quantified by the ratio of glycolytic to oxidative ATP flux (AFR), which is found to be highly positively associated with cancer cell migration. We hence predicted that targeting genes that mitigate the Warburg effect by reducing the AFR may specifically inhibit cancer migration. By testing the anti‐migratory effects of silencing such 17 top predicted genes in four breast and lung cancer cell lines, we find that up to 13 of these novel predictions significantly attenuate cell migration either in all or one cell line only, while having almost no effect on cell proliferation. Furthermore, in accordance with the predictions, a significant reduction is observed in the ratio between experimentally measured ECAR and OCR levels following these perturbations. Inhibiting anti‐migratory targets is a promising future avenue in treating cancer since it may decrease cytotoxic‐related side effects that plague current anti‐proliferative treatments. Furthermore, it may reduce cytotoxic‐related clonal selection of more aggressive cancer cells and the likelihood of emerging resistance.
nodal expression in the primitive endoderm is required for specification of the anterior axis during mouse gastrulation.

Mouse nodal, a member of the TGFbeta family of secreted growth factors is essential for gastrulation. We recently generated a nodal(lacZ) reporter allele by homologous recombination in ES cells. In the present study, beta-galactosidase staining in the perigastrulation-stage embryo has demonstrated the site of highest nodal expression is localised to the prospective posterior region of the epiblast marking the site of primitive streak formation. We also documented transient nodal.lacZ expression in the visceral endoderm prior to and during early streak formation. A mosaic analysis using wild-type ES cells to rescue nodal-deficient embryos allowed us to document functionally distinct nodal activities in the embryonic ectodermal and primitive endodermal cell lineages. nodal signaling in the ectoderm is necessary for primitive streak formation as the gastrulation defect of nodal-deficient embryos can be rescued by the inclusion of small numbers of wild-type cells. In addition, we show that chimeric embryos composed of nodal-deficient primitive endoderm fail to develop rostral neural structures. Thus we conclude that the action of nodal, a TGFbeta-related growth factor expressed in the primitive endoderm, is critical for patterning of the anterior aspects of the A-P axis.
X-Ray Total Mass Estimate for the Nearby Relaxed Cluster A3571

We constrain the total mass distribution in the cluster A3571, combining spatially resolved ASCA temperature data with ROSAT imaging data with the assumption that the cluster is in hydrostatic equilibrium. The total mass within r500 (1.7 h Mpc) is M500 = 7.8 × 1014 h M☉ at 90% confidence, 1.1 times smaller than the isothermal estimate. The Navarro, Frenk, & White "universal profile" is a good description of the dark matter density distribution in A3571. The gas density profile is shallower than the dark matter profile, scaling as r-2.1 at large radii, leading to a monotonically increasing gas mass fraction with radius. Within r500 the gas mass fraction reaches a value of fgas = 0.19 h (90% confidence errors). Assuming that this value of fgas is a lower limit for the universal value of the baryon fraction, we estimate the 90% confidence upper limit of the cosmological matter density to be Ωm < 0.4.
Divergence of Repetitive DNA Sequences in the Heterochromatin of Medaka Fishes: Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of Constitutive Heterochromatin in Two Medaka Species: Oryzias hubbsi and O. celebensis (Adrianichthyidae, Beloniformes)

The large biarmed chromosomes of Oryzias celebensis [2n = 36, fundamental arm number (FN) = 48] are considered to have resulted from fusions of acrocentric chromosomes in the ancestral karyotype of Oryzias, which is retained in O. hubbsi (2n = 48, FN = 48). To understand the molecular evolution of heterochromatin associated with karyotype reorganization in medaka fishes, we cloned 3 and 6 novel families of heterochromatin-related repetitive DNA sequences from O. hubbsi and O. celebensis, respectively, and characterized them using molecular cytogenetics. Two AT-rich repetitive sequences isolated from the genomic DNA of O. hubbsi, a 164-bp satellite DNA (OHU-RsaI-Scen) and a 177-bp telomere-specific repeat (OHU-RsaI-Stelo), were shown to be major components of the constitutive heterochromatin of centromeres and telomeres, respectively. A GC-rich 326-bp sequence, named OHU-AluI-M1, was colocalized with the 18S-28S ribosomal RNA gene cluster to a single autosomal pair of chromosomes and the W chromosome. In O. celebensis, 2 major satellite DNA sequences (the AT-rich 157-bp OCE-AluI-Scen sequence and the 186-bp OCE-HinfI-Scen sequence) were identified in the centromeric regions of almost all chromosomes. The 197-bp OCE-HinfI-S6 sequence was located in the centromeric and distal and/or interstitial heterochromatin of almost all chromosomes, and the 191-bp OCE-HinfI-S8 sequence was located in 6 pairs of chromosomes. Constitutive heterochromatin on the short arm of large submetacentric chromosome 5 was composed of at least 3 different repetitive sequences: the 171-bp OCE-AluI-S18 sequence, the 197-bp OCE-HinfI-S6 sequence and the 172-bp OCE-HinfI-S11 sequence. All families of repeated sequences showed no nucleotide sequence similarity with each other and high species-specificity among 7 different species. These results suggest that the heterochromatin of O. hubbsi and O. celebensis consists of various types of repetitive sequence and that the sequences evolved independently and were then amplified site-specifically in each lineage after karyotype reorganization occurred in the ancestral karyotype.
Small-Area Variation of Fertility Rates

Alike most of the Western world, the Danish fertility rate declined throughout the 20th century simultaneous to economic growth. This development, which conflicts with economic intuition, has been denoted the fertility paradox, and several studies have been devoted to resolve it. The present study analyzes the geographic variation across Danish municipalities in the fertility rate during the years 1982 to 2004. Several factors commonly believed to explain the variation in the fertility rate is found to be exerted to considerable regional variation. A model linking the fertility rate to several economic determinants is established and further modified to capture geographic small-area variation. Specifically, a positive correlation between regional levels of income and fertility is found, which contradicts the fertility paradox. Thus, the necessity of separating small-area and dynamic variation, aiming at obtain a proper interpretation of the link between fertility and its determinants, is demonstrated.