Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Doctor’s Perceptions of the Systemic Influences on Advance Care Plan Application: A Thematic Analysis

Context Healthcare consumers are encouraged to develop an Advance Care Plan (ACP) to help to ensure their preferences are known and respected. However, the role of governing systems in the application of ACPs must be understood if patients’ voices (expressed within this medium) are to be heard. Objective To explore systemic barriers influencing Queensland public hospital doctors’ application of the Advance Care Plans of hospitalized people with a neurodegenerative disorder. Methods Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, 16 semi structured interviews were conducted with public hospital doctors. Data were inductively analysed using open and focused coding. Results Analysis revealed two main themes: Practicing Medicine within a Legal Construct, and Delegitimizing ACP. Participants found the application of ACP in Queensland unduly complex, and they were inadequately prepared by education or training. Doctors maintained a dominant role in temporal medical decision-making and cited hospital practice culture for delegitimizing patient-owned ACPs. Conclusion The public healthcare system in Queensland exerts considerable influence over the degree to which ACPs influence decision-making. Despite the premise that ACPs give patients a powerful voice, hospital doctors often do not understand the underpinning law on which they depend when citing their responsibility for good medical practice. Systemic influences have contributed to a practice culture that has delegitimized the patient’s voice when expressed through an ACP.
Integrating Hydrological Modelling and Ecosystem Functioning for Environmental Flows in Climate Change Scenarios in the Zambezi River (Zambezi Region, Namibia)

The Zambezi‐Chobe wetlands in Namibia are of great international importance for trans‐boundary water management because of their remarkable ecological characteristics and the variety and magnitude of the ecosystem services provided. The main objective of this study is to establish the hydro‐ecological baseline for the application of environmental flow regimes (EFR). The specific objectives are: (i) the assessment of environmental flow components (EFC) in the current near‐natural hydrological conditions; (ii) the generation of future scenarios for climatic and socioeconomic changes; (iii) the estimation of the area–duration curves and estimated annual habitat during the inundation of the critical habitats for fisheries (mulapos), under the existing conditions and future scenarios; and (iv) to provide a framework for the future application of EFRs, based on hydrological and ecological processes. To make a sound analysis of the ecological implications, first we develop a conceptual framework of the linkages between the hydrological and biological processes concerning fish communities, because of the critical role of fisheries in the region. The EFCs in near‐natural hydrological conditions provide the basis for developing interim EFRs in the region, within the framework of an adaptive management of water resources. The future scenarios indicate a mitigation of the flow variability; and, in the worst‐case scenario, the reduction of the maximum flow and inundated area of the mulapos would result in a reduction of the estimated annual habitat of 22%. This means a reduction in the spawning habitats for quiet‐water species, in the food resources for fry and juvenile fish and a consequent reduction in fish stocks. Furthermore, the habitat loss during low events is similar and greater under both scenarios, at ca. 35%. Here we corroborate that the EFCs and their variability may become the building blocks of flow‐ecology models that lead to environmental flow recommendations, monitoring and research programmes and flow protection activities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social Inequalities in Long-Term Health Effects After COVID-19—A Scoping Review

Objectives: We aimed to map and synthesize evidence about social inequalities in long-term health effects after COVID-19 (LTHE), often referred to as “long COVID” or “post-COVID-19 conditions. ” Methods: We conducted a scoping review of peer-reviewed articles by searching the databases Embase and Scopus. According to predefined inclusion criteria, titles/abstracts and full texts were screened for eligibility. Additionally, reference lists of all included studies were hand-searched for eligible studies. This study followed the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. Results: Nineteen articles were included. LTHE were analysed according to ethnicity, education, income, employment and deprivation indices. The studies varied significantly in their definitions of LTHE. Eighty-two analyses showed no statistically significant associations. At least 12 studies had a high risk of type II errors. Only studies associating deprivation indices and long COVID tended to show a higher prevalence of LTHE in deprived areas. Conclusion: Although some studies indicated social inequalities in LTHE, evidence was generally weak and inconclusive. Further studies with larger sample sizes specifically designed to detect social inequalities regarding LTHE are needed to inform future healthcare planning and public health policies.
Response of sugarcane to planting materials, inter-row spacings and fertilizer levels under drip irrigation

A replicated field experiment was conducted with preseasonal planting at Rahuri during 1999-2000 (plant cane) and 2000-2001 (ratoon cane). The total 18 treatment combinations comprising of three intra-row spacings viz., 30, 60 and 90cm and three levels of fertilizers viz, 75, 100 and 125 per cent of recommended dose and two sources of planting material viz. tissue culture plantlets and poly bag settlings with four row planting technique (90-180cm). The results revealed that the 90 cm intra-row spacing recorded the significantly higher cane and sugar yield compared to 30cm and 60cm intra-row spacing. The cane yield was 14.88 and 6.40 per cent higher at 90 cm intra-row spacing than yield obtained under the 30 and 60cm intra-row spacing. The low operational cost at 90cm spacing and higher yield resulted into increased the gross and net returns of sugarcane at 90cm intra-row spacing and proportionately the B:C ratio over 30 and 60 cm spacings. The field water use efficiency was also higher at 90 cm intra-row spacing over 30 and 60 cm intra-row spacing. The 125 per cent RDF recorded significantly higher cane and sugar yield than 75 per cent and 100 per cent RDF. The cane yield increased by application of 125 percent RDF over 75 per cent was 23.44 per centand 8.90 percent over 100 percent RDF. The application of 125 percent RDF recorded maximum B:C ratio and field water use efficiency. Planting of polybag settlings recorded significantly higher cane yield (147.75 t/ha) compared with tissue cultured plantlets (124.75 t/ ha) and itwas 18.43 per cent higher over TCP. The mean cost of sugarcane planted by TCP was 73.47 per cent higher than polybag settling. The gross and net monetary returns realized by plantation of polybag settlings were significantly higher by 18.18 per centand 195.41 over plantation of TCP, respectively. The plantation of polybag settlings recorded maximum value of B:C ratio (2.95) as compared to tissue cultured plantlet cane (2.03). The caneyield increased by adoption of drip irrigation was 25.45 and 15.33 per cent higheroversurface irrigation by planting of plantlets and polybag settlings. The 0.49 ha additional area can be increased due to 33.23 per cent saving of irrigation on average of two seasons.
Long-term observation of black carbon aerosols at an urban location over the central Indo-Gangetic Plain, South Asia

The first ever long-term measurement of black carbon (BC) aerosols over an urban location at the central Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) is presented. Both short- and long-term variations in BC during the period 2009-2013 are discussed with specific emphasis on variation in BC sources, meteorology, trend and possible transport pathways across the IGP. High BC mass loading was noted with a 5-yr composite mean (± SD) of 11.8 (± 8.6) µg m –3 , having strong and consistent seasonal variations (median: 8.8; range: 1.4-48.0 µg m –3 ). Winter (21.5 ± 9.9µ gm –3 ) and post-monsoon (17.4 ± 10.2 µg m –3 ) specific rises in BC mass were consistent with the increase in household emissions, and from agricultural residue burning. The BC mass concentration was mostly influenced by local sources, while sudden change in BC was consistent with the change in Delta-C, indicating emissions primarily from biomass burning. Beside sources, atmospheric boundary layer height was noted to considerably influence short-term variations in BC concentration. A statistically significant monotonic increasing trend in BC concentration (0.9 µg m –3 yr –1 ) was computed along with its 95% uncertainty bounds (0.38-1.52 µ gm –3 yr –1 ). Increase in BC concentration was consistent with a rise in BC sources across the IGP and over India. Furthermore, clear evidence of local and regional scale transport of BC aerosols was found using the particle Lagrangian model.
A passive, camera-based head-tracking system for real-time, 3D estimate of head position and orientation in rodents

Tracking head’s position and orientation of small mammals is crucial in many behavioral neurophysiology studies. Yet, full reconstruction of the head’s pose in 3D is a challenging problem that typically requires implanting custom headsets made of multiple LEDs or inertial units. These assemblies need to be powered in order to operate, thus preventing wireless experiments, and, while suitable to study navigation in large arenas, their application is unpractical in the narrow operant boxes employed in perceptual studies. Here we propose an alternative approach, based on passively imaging a 3D-printed structure, painted with a pattern of black dots over a white background. We show that this method is highly precise and accurate and we demonstrate that, given its minimal weight and encumbrance, it can be used to study how rodents sample sensory stimuli during a perceptual discrimination task and how hippocampal place cells represent head position over extremely small spatial scales.
Physiological and Biochemical Changes Induced by UV-B Radiation in Rosemary Plants Grown Under Salinity Stress

Plants are exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation due to use of sunlight for photosynthesis. Additionally, salinity in soil or water influences the plant productivity and quality considerably. Moreover, when plants are simultaneously exposed to multiple stresses, one form of stress can affect the response to other stress. Particularly, it has been shown that they can benefit from dual tolerance as salinity and UV-B radiation are applied together. In order to understand the effects of UV-B radiation and salinity stress on some physiological and biochemical parameters, one-year-old cuttings of rosemary plants were grown under different levels of ultraviolet B radiation (0, 4.32 and 6.05 kJ m-2 d-1) and salinity stress (control, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl). The results showed that 4.32 kJ m-2 d-1 UV-B treatment significantly increased plant biomass up to 17.9% as compared to control. However, by increasing salinity to 150 mM, plant biomass significantly decreased up to 18.1%, as compared to control. Regardless of UV-B treatments, plants, grown under 100 mM salinity stress, had produced 2.8 times higher total phenolic compounds (TPC) and also have greater antioxidant activity (33.1%) in comparison to control. Both treatments, enhanced UV-B radiation and salinity stress, significantly increased the concentration of proline, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondealdehyde (MDA). In relation of total soluble sugar (TSS) and ion content, both treatments acted in an opposing manner. In turn, the enhanced UV-B radiation decreased concentration of TSS and the Na+ content in leaves, salinity stress increased the concentration of TSS, as well as the Na+ content in leaves and root. The plants grown under 150 mM salinity level accumulated 5.32 and 2.83 times higher Na+ ions in leaves and roots, respectively, than control. In addition, salinity significantly decreased the relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic pigments and K+ content in leaves and roots. The interaction between UV-B irradiation and salinity showed that the UV-B radiation improved the K+ content in leaves, RWC and membrane stability and consequently resulted in a better tolerance of rosemary to salinity.
Social Brain Perspectives on the Social and Evolutionary Neuroscience of Human Language

Human language and social cognition are two key disciplines that have traditionally been studied as separate domains. Nonetheless, an emerging view suggests an alternative perspective. Drawing on the theoretical underpinnings of the social brain hypothesis (thesis of the evolution of brain size and intelligence), the social complexity hypothesis (thesis of the evolution of communication), and empirical research from comparative animal behavior, human social behavior, language acquisition in children, social cognitive neuroscience, and the cognitive neuroscience of language, it is argued that social cognition and language are two significantly interconnected capacities of the human species. Here, evidence in support of this view reviews (1) recent developmental studies on language learning in infants and young children, pointing to the important crucial benefits associated with social stimulation for youngsters, including the quality and quantity of incoming linguistic information, dyadic infant/child-to-parent non-verbal and verbal interactions, and other important social cues integral for facilitating language learning and social bonding; (2) studies of the adult human brain, suggesting a high degree of specialization for sociolinguistic information processing, memory retrieval, and comprehension, suggesting that the function of these neural areas may connect social cognition with language and social bonding; (3) developmental deficits in language and social cognition, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), illustrating a unique developmental profile, further linking language, social cognition, and social bonding; and (4) neural biomarkers that may help to identify early developmental disorders of language and social cognition. In effect, the social brain and social complexity hypotheses may jointly help to describe how neurotypical children and adults acquire language, why autistic children and adults exhibit simultaneous deficits in language and social cognition, and why nonhuman primates and other organisms with significant computational capacities cannot learn language. But perhaps most critically, the following article argues that this and related research will allow scientists to generate a holistic profile and deeper understanding of the healthy adult social brain while developing more innovative and effective diagnoses, prognoses, and treatments for maladies and deficits also associated with the social brain.
An Exploration of How Students Make Use of Hands-on Models to Learn Statics Concepts

This paper describes the results from an ongoing project where hands-on models and associated activities are integrated throughout an undergraduate statics course with the goal of deepening students’ conceptual understanding, scaffolding spatial skills, and therefore developing representational competence with foundational concepts such as vectors, forces, moments, and free-body diagrams. Representational competence refers to the fluency with which a subject expert can move between different representations of a concept (e.g. mathematical, symbolic, graphical, 2D vs. 3D, pictorial) as appropriate for communication, reasoning, and problem solving. This study sought to identify the characteristics of modeling activities that make them effective for all learners. Student volunteers engaged in individual interviews in which they solved problems that included 2D diagrams, 3D models, and worked calculations. Participating students had prior experience with the models and related activity sheets earlier in the course. Data was collected at the end of the quarter and the activities emphasized conceptual understanding. Thematic analysis was used to develop codes and identify themes in students’ use of the models as it relates to developing representational competence. Students used the models in a variety of ways. They wrote directly on the models, touched and gestured with the model, adjusted components, and observed the model from multiple orientations. They added new elements and deconstructed the models to feel the force or imagine how measurements would be impacted if one parameter was changed while all others held constant. In interviews students made connections to previous courses as well as previous activities and experiences with the models. In addition to using the 3D models, participants also used more than one representation (e.g. symbolic or 2D diagram) to solve problems and communicate thinking.
Monitoring health and nutrition claims on food labels in Brazil

Introduction The monitoring of nutrition and health claims on food and beverage labels has been proposed by international and national organizations because it can collaborate with the development of public policies to regulate food labeling and marketing strategies. One way of carrying out this monitoring is by using data collected by private companies. Objective To compare information on nutrition and health claims available in a commercial database of a private company that monitors the launch of new foods and beverages in Brazilian food retailers with information on those same claims manually coded by trained research assistants. Methods This is a cross-sectional observational study using a data sample of newly launched food and beverages available at a commercial database from 2018 to 2021. We compared the information on health and nutrition claims available on the commercial dataset with reliable information on the same nutrition and health claims manually coded by trained research assistants using a tested taxonomy to classify such claims. We used Gwet’s Kappa AC1 with 95% CI and percentage agreement to compare both data sources and calculated sensitivity and specificity of the compared data. Results A total of 6,722 foods and beverages were analyzed. Mintel-GNPD presented 36.28% (n = 2,439) of nutrition claims, while in the trained researchers’ coding, it was 33.73% (n = 2,267). We found a prevalence of 5.4% (n = 362) for health claims in Mintel-GNPD and 10.8% (n = 723) in the researchers’ coding. All subcategories of nutrition and health claims showed high agreement (Kappa >0.81). Health claims presented kappa = 0.89 with 33.7% sensitivity and 98.0% specificity while nutrition claims showed kappa = 0.86 with 92.9% sensitivity and 92.5% specificity. Conclusion Nutrition and health claims showed high agreement, with great results in nutrition claims, indicating that Mintel-GPND is suitable for monitoring such claims on food and beverage packaging in Brazil. Additionally, our findings show a high prevalence of nutrition and health claims on food packages launched in the Brazilian food retail, highlighting the need to monitor these to develop public policies to regulate food marketing on packaging in Brazil.
Restitution des propriétés des aérosols et validation

Les aerosols influencent le bilan radiatif global et les processus nuageux. Leurs proprietes optiques et physico-chimiques sont mesurees au sol avec une grande precision a l'echelle locale. Les satellites permettent un suivi des aerosols a des resolutions spatio-temporelles raisonnables. Deux instruments et leurs algorithmes sont utilises pour restituer les epaisseurs optiques des aerosols au dessus des oceans et des terres : un a ete applique aux donnees AATSR afin de restituer l'epaisseur optique dans le visible alors que l'autre permet de restituer les proprietes optiques dans l'UV a partir de OMI. Ces algorithmes ont ete developpes et testes sur le Nord-Ouest de l'Europe et sur le bassin amazonien. Les cas etudies se situaient dans des zones industrialisees avec des couches d'aerosols de forte epaisseur optique sous le vent de sources locales avec de forts gradients de concentration. Les resultats montrent une bonne restitution des concentrations en aerosols.
Effects of Dietary Phytol Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immunological Parameters, Intestinal Bacteria, and Prevention of Oxidative Stress Following Transportation of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, (2.00 ± 0.02 g) were reared in 16 70-L tanks (40 individual/tank) and fed diets (approx. 345 g/kg protein, approx. 87 g/kg crude fat) containing 0 (CTL), 75 (PH-75), 150 (PH-150), and 300 (PH-300) mg/kg phytol (n = 4). After 60 days of feeding (4% daily), growth performance, humoral immune parameters, and gut bacteria were analyzed. Also, hepatic antioxidant parameters were determined before and after the fish were transported in plastic bags for 6 hr. The results showed that PH-75 exhibited the highest final weight (P<0.001), weight gain (P<0.001), feed intake (P<0.001), feed efficiency (P=0.015), plasma lysozyme activity (P=0.004), and intestinal Lactobacillus sp. population (P=0.017), among the treatments. The highest plasma alternative complement activity (P=0.006) and the lowest intestinal total viable bacteria (P=0.027) were observed in PH-75 and PH-150. The highest plasma alkaline phosphatase activities were observed in PH-75 and PH-300 (P=0.014). The highest blood leukocyte (P=0.008), monocyte (P=0.010), and eosinophil (P<0.001) were observed in PH-300, while the highest blood neutrophil was observed in all phytol treatments (P<0.001). The highest hepatic lipid peroxidation was observed in PH-300, whereas PH-75 and PH-150 showed the lowest values (P<0.001). The highest hepatic reduced glutathione was observed in PH-75, also PH-150 exhibited significant elevation in this parameter, compared to CTL (P<0.001). Transportation led to significant elevations in the hepatic antioxidant enzymes’ activities in CTL, PH-75, and PH-150; the highest activities were related to PH-75 and PH-150 treatments, which had also the highest post-transportation survivals (P<0.001). In conclusion, phytol is a suitable feed supplement for Nile tilapia, improving growth performance and welfare, particularly at 75 mg/kg.