Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A NOVEL APPROACH TO CONSTRAIN THE MASS RATIO OF MINOR MERGERS IN ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES: APPLICATION TO NGC 4889, THE BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXY IN COMA

Minor mergers are thought to be important for the buildup and structural evolution of massive elliptical galaxies. In this work, we report the discovery of a system of four shell features in NGC 4889, one of the brightest members of the Coma cluster, using optical images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The shells are well aligned with the major axis of the host and are likely to have been formed by the accretion of a small satellite galaxy. We have performed a detailed two-dimensional photometric decomposition of NGC 4889 and of the many overlapping nearby galaxies in its vicinity. This comprehensive model allows us not only to firmly detect the low-surface brightness shells, but, crucially, also to accurately measure their luminosities and colors. The shells are bluer than the underlying stars at the same radius in the main galaxy. We make use of the colors of the shells and the color–magnitude relation of the Coma cluster to infer the luminosity (or mass) of the progenitor galaxy. The shells in NGC 4889 appear to have been produced by the minor merger of a moderate-luminosity (MI ≈ −18.7 mag) disk (S0 or spiral) galaxy with a luminosity (mass) ratio of ∼90:1 with respect to the primary galaxy. The novel methodology presented in this work can be exploited to decode the fossil record imprinted in the photometric substructure of other nearby early-type galaxies.
X-rays from wind-blown bubbles: an XMM–Newton detection of NGC 2359

We present an analysis of the XMM-Newton observation of the wind-blown bubble NGC 2359. This is the first detection of this object in X-rays. The X-ray emission of NGC 2359 is soft and originates from a thermal plasma with a typical temperature of kT ~ 0.2 keV. A direct comparison between the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model of wind-blown bubbles and the X-ray spectrum of NGC 2359 suggests a reduced mass-loss rate of the central star in order to provide the correct value of the observed flux. The central star of the nebula, WR 7, is an X-ray source. Its emission is similar to that of other presumably single Wolf-Rayet stars detected in X-rays. The WR 7 spectrum is well represented by the emission from a two-temperature plasma with a cool component of kT ~ 0.6 keV and a hot component of kT ~ 2.7 keV.
Investigation of Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Portable Polysomnography in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder

Objective To investigate snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) using portable polysomnography and identify sex-based differences in clinical features and sleep-related results Methods Seventy consecutive patients (44 female; mean age, 46.6918.18 years) with myofascial pain-associated TMD, diagnosed based on the criteria for TMD Axis I, were enrolled. Sleep quality and quantity were measured using portable polysomnography. Clinical characteristics were investigated using well-structured standardized reports on clinical signs and symptoms, questionnaires, and clinical examination by TMD specialists. Results Among 70 TMD patients, 50.0% had OSA and 15.7% had snoring, with no sex-based differences. The mean Mallampati scores for OSA prediction (2.69±1.12 vs. 1.70±0.82, p<0.001), mean body mass index (BMI) (24.94±1.78 vs. 22.02±2.24, p<0.001), and ratio of overweight patients (57.7 vs. 11.4%) with BMI ≥25 were significantly higher in males than in females (all p<0.001). Conversely, the mixed sleep apnea index was significantly higher in females than in males (0.81±0.80 vs. 0.44±0.54, p=0.022). Female sex was associated with the absence of snoring (OR=0.146, p=0.022). Based on the area under curve (AUC) value for snoring prediction, Mallampati score was the strongest predictor (AUC>0.932, p<0.001), followed by BMI, overweight, and obstructive sleep apnea index (AUC>0.8, all p<0.001). Conclusions Our results support the necessity of investigating sex-based differences when examining sleep problems, including snoring and OSA, in TMD patients. Mallampati scoring could be a useful tool for physical examination prior to polysomnography. Sleep and biopsychosocial factors are important for the diagnosis and treatment of TMD.
INFRARED IMAGING OF SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY QUASARS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE QUASAR K CORRECTION

We have imaged 45 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) with redshifts 1.85 < z < 4.26 in JHKs with the Kitt Peak National Observatory simultaneous quad infrared imaging device imager. By combining these data with optical magnitudes from the SDSS we have computed the rest-frame optical spectral indices of this sample and investigate their relation with quasar redshift. We find a mean spectral index of 〈αo〉 = −0.55 ± 0.42 with a large spread in values. We also find possible evolution of the form αo = (0.148 ± 0.068)z − (0.964 ± 0.200) in the luminosity range −28.0 < Mi < −26.5. Such evolution suggests changes in the accretion process in quasars with time and is shown to have an effect on computed quasar luminosity functions.
THE TURBULENT ORIGIN OF OUTFLOW AND SPIN MISALIGNMENT IN MULTIPLE STAR SYSTEMS

The protostellar outflows of wide-separation forming binaries frequently appear misaligned. We use magneto-hydrodynamic simulations to investigate the alignment of protostellar spin and molecular outflows for forming binary pairs. We show that the protostellar pairs, which form from turbulent fragmentation within a single parent core, have randomly oriented angular momentum. Although the pairs migrate to closer separations, their spins remain partially misaligned. We produce 12CO(2-1) synthetic observations of the simulations and characterize the outflow orientation in the emission maps. The CO-identified outflows exhibit a similar random distribution and are also statistically consistent with the observed distribution of molecular outflows. We conclude that the observed misalignment provides a clear signature of binary formation via turbulent fragmentation. The persistence of misaligned outflows and stellar spins following dynamical evolution may provide a signature of binary origins for more evolved multiple star systems.
Technology Adoption and Human Resource Management Practices: The Use of Artificial Intelligence for Recruitment in Bangladesh

Artificial intelligence (AI) is now considered indispensable in undertaking operational activities, especially in the area of human resource analytics. However, in practice, the rate of the adoption of such modern algorithms in organisations is still in its early stages. Consequently, the primary objective of this study is to identify the main antecedents of the adoption of AI-based technologies in recruitment, using the lens of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model, alongside perceived credibility and moderating variables, in the context of an emerging nation in South Asia, namely Bangladesh. Data were collected from 283 human resource professionals employed in different manufacturing and service firms in Bangladesh through the administration of a questionnaire, which was analysed by applying PLS-SEM. The outcomes of the study show that all the direct hypothesised relationships were found to be significant, apart from the extended variable of perceived credibility. However, no moderating effect of gender or firm size was found in any of the hypothesised propositions. Finally, policy implications and recommendations for future researchers are proposed.
A BARYONIC SOLUTION TO THE MISSING SATELLITES PROBLEM

It has been demonstrated that the inclusion of baryonic physics can alter the dark matter densities in the centers of low-mass galaxies, making the central dark matter slope more shallow than predicted in pure cold dark matter simulations. This flattening of the dark matter profile can occur in the most luminous subhalos around Milky Way mass galaxies. Zolotov et al. have suggested a correction to be applied to the central masses of dark matter-only satellites in order to mimic the affect of (1) the flattening of the dark matter cusp due to supernova feedback in luminous satellites and (2) enhanced tidal stripping due to the presence of a baryonic disk. In this paper, we apply this correction to the z = 0 subhalo masses from the high resolution, dark matter-only Via Lactea II (VL2) simulation, and find that the number of massive subhalos is dramatically reduced. After adopting a stellar mass to halo mass relationship for the VL2 halos, and identifying subhalos that are (1) likely to be destroyed by stripping and (2) likely to have star formation suppressed by photo-heating, we find that the number of massive, luminous satellites around a Milky Way mass galaxy is in agreement with the number of observed satellites around the Milky Way or M31. We conclude that baryonic processes have the potential to solve the missing satellites problem.
A multidomain approach to asteroid families’ identification

Previous works have identified families halos by an analysis in proper elements domains, or by using Sloan Digital Sky Survey-Moving Object Catalog data, fourth release (SDSS-MOC4) multi-band photometry to infer the asteroid taxonomy, or by a combination of the two methods. The limited number of asteroids for which geometric albedo was known until recently discouraged in the past the extensive use of this additional parameter, which is however of great importance in identifying an asteroid taxonomy. The new availability of geometric albedo data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission for about 100,000 asteroids significantly increased the sample of objects for which such information, with some errors, is now known. In this work we proposed a new method to identify families halos in a multi-domain space composed by proper elements, SDSS-MOC4 (a*,i-z) colors, and WISE geometric albedo for the whole main belt (and the Hungaria and Cybele orbital regions). Assuming that most families were created by the breakup of an undifferentiated parent body, they are expected to be homogeneous in colors and albedo. The new method is quite effective in determining objects belonging to a family halo, with low percentages of likely interlopers, and results that are quite consistent in term of taxonomy and geometric albedo of the halo members.
A note on the positivity of a quasi-local mass in general dimensions

Wang and Yau [10] introduced a quasi-local mass, which is a hyperbolic background generalization of Liu-Yau's expression [7] [8], and proved its positivity. In this note, we prove that the positivity of this quasi-local mass is still valid under weaker assumptions on the boundary hypersurface in general dimensions. The method we used is similar to that used by Eichmair, Miao and Wang in [4].
The effects of X-ray absorption variability in NGC 4395

We present a new X-ray analysis of the dwarf Seyfert galaxy NGC 4395, based on two archival XMM–Newton and Suzaku observations. This source is well known for a series of remarkable properties: one of the smallest estimated black hole masses among active galactic nuclei (AGN) (of the order of ∼105 M⊙), intense flux variability on very short time-scales (a few tens of seconds) and an unusually flat X-ray continuum (Γ∼ 1.4 over the 2–10 keV energy range). NGC 4395 is also characterized by significant variations of the X-ray spectral shape, and here we show that such behaviour can be explained through the partial occultation by circumnuclear cold absorbers with column densities of ∼1022–1023 cm−2. In this scenario, the primary X-ray emission is best reproduced by means of a power law with a standard Γ∼ 1.8 photon index, consistent with both the spectral slope observed at higher energies and the values typical of local AGN.
A reassessment of the redshift distribution and physical properties of luminous (sub-)millimetre galaxies

Motivated by the current controversy over the redshift distribution and physical properties of luminous (sub-)mm sources, we have undertaken a new study of the brightest sample of unlensed (sub-)mm sources with pre-ALMA interferometric follow-up in the COSMOS field. Exploiting the very latest multi-frequency supporting data, we find that this sample displays a redshift distribution indistinguishable from that of the lensed sources uncovered with the South Pole Telescope (SPT), with z_median ~ 3.5. We also find that, over the redshift range z ~ 2-6 the median stellar mass of the most luminous (sub-)mm sources is M_* ~ 3 * 10^11 M_odot, yielding a typical specific star-formation rate sSFR ~ 3 Gyr^-1. Consistent with recent ALMA and SMA studies, we confirm that source blending is not a serious issue in the study of luminous (sub-)mm sources uncovered by ground-based, single-dish surveys; only ~ 10-15% of bright (S_850 ~ 5 - 10 mJy) (sub-)mm sources arise from significant (i.e. >20%) blends, and so our conclusions are largely unaffected by whether we adopt the original single-dish mm/sub-mm flux-densities/positions, or the interferometric data. Our results suggest that apparent disagreements over the redshift distribution of (sub-)mm sources are a result of "down-sizing" in dust-enshrouded star-formation, consistent with existing knowledge of the star-formation histories of massive galaxies. They also indicate that extreme star-forming galaxies at high redshift are, on average, subject to the same star-formation rate-limiting processes as less luminous objects, and lie on the "main sequence" of star-forming galaxies at z>3.
Sodium selenite supplementation does not reduce the effectiveness of X-ray irradiation treatment on human cancerous esophageal TE-8 cells

Sodium selenite supplementation at a concentration 50 nM before X-ray irradiation was suggested to protect non-cancerous human esophageal CHEK-1 cells from irradiation-induced damage. This present study investigated those effects on cancerous human esophageal cell line. The human cancer esophageal cell line, TE-8, was cultured and supplemented for the cytotoxicity assay, the GPx-1 activity, the cell viability assay, clonogenic assay and western blot analysis. An apoptosis biomarker, Cleaved PARP, was used. The results show that cell survival post-irradiation of supplemented-cells had the same effect as the cells treated by irradiation only, tended to decrease the cell viability (p=0.27), and decrease the survival rate of cancerous cells (p=1.00). The cleaved PARP level was higher in supplemented-and irradiated- cells than cells with irradiation alone. These results suggest that 50 nM sodium selenite supplementation prior to irradiation does not reduce the effectiveness of irradiation treatment on cancerous cells.
Spectral Efficient Modem Design With OTFS Modulation for Vehicular-IoT System

A 5G network’s use-case in the Internet of Things (IoT) is a breakthrough, offering networks the ability to handle billions of connected devices with the proper blend of speed, latency, and cost. The IoT networks implemented in high-speed scenarios like intra and intervehicular communications in autonomous driving vehicles, high-speed vehicles, and trains will experience a Doppler effect. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, the popular transmission technology for existing new-radio IoT (NR-IoT), is limited in providing reliable connections in high-speed vehicular scenarios. The performance of such system degrades with higher-order antenna configuration due to the lack of channel state information in highly mobile environments. The recently proposed orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS) modulation is a strong contender that can handle high mobility but requires efficient transceiver design to be deployed in vehicular NR-IoT (V-IoT) systems. To conserve the resources and minimize the air time of the devices, we have proposed an embedded pilot design in the Delay–Doppler domain for the V-IoT systems. In the designed frame structure, the pilot’s position is optimized as per the vehicle speed to maximize the spectral efficiency of the system. The increase in spectral efficiency is at the cost of interference in the channel search region of the received Delay–Doppler domain OTFS signal. So a new joint estimator and the low-complex detector are proposed to handle the interference. The proposed efficient transceiver design with the spectral efficient pilot patterns allows us to conserve resources and remove complex encoder–decoders like the low-density parity check in NR-IoT.
Change of Threat Expectancy as Mechanism of Exposure-Based Psychotherapy for Anxiety Disorders: Evidence From 8,484 Exposure Exercises of 605 Patients

Individual responses to behavioral treatment of anxiety disorders vary considerably, which requires a better understanding of underlying processes. In this study, we examined the violation and change of threat beliefs during exposure. From 8,484 standardized exposure records of 605 patients with different anxiety disorders, learning indicators were derived: expectancy violation as mismatch between threat expectancy before exposure and threat occurrence, expectancy change as difference between original and adjusted expectancy after exposure, and prediction-error learning rate as extent to which expectancy violation transferred into change. Throughout sessions, high threat expectancy but low occurrence and adjusted expectancy indicated successful violation and change of threat beliefs by exposure. Expectancy violation, change, and learning rate substantially varied between patients. Not expectancy violation itself, but higher learning rate and expectancy change predicted better treatment outcome. Successful exposure thus requires expectancy violation to induce actual expectancy change, supporting learning from prediction error as transdiagnostic mechanism underlying successful exposure therapy.
Cubic regularization of a Newton scheme and its global performance

In this paper we suggest a cubic regularization for a Newton method as applied to unconstrained minimization problem. For this scheme we prove general convergence results. We analyze the behavior of this scheme on different problem classes, for which we get global and local worst-case complexity bounds. It is shown that the search direction can be computed by a standard linear algebra technique.
An Empirical Analysis of Enterprise Risk Management and Firm's Value: Evidence from Pakistan

Since the last few decades, the firms have shifted their focus towards risk management from traditional risk management practices to enterprise risk management. For this purpose, the current study is designed to investigate the critical firm's characteristics that influence firms to adopt enterprise risk management practices. The data for this study comprises of 65 non-financial firms during the period 2009 to 2017. Binary Logistic and robust least square method was administered to determine the relationship among variables. Empirical results revealed that large firms, firms with a higher return on assets, and firms having more independent directors on board leads towards the implementation of enterprise risk management. The study also found a significant encouraging relationship between implementing of this risk management and Tobin's Q both in the short and long run. The implementation of an enterprise risk management system augments the performance of the firm soon after the induction of this system as revealed by the results.
Hulls of Reed-Solomon Codes via Algebraic Geometry Codes

Let <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{ RS}}_{k}(\mathbf {a})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> be a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-dimensional Reed-Solomon (RS) code over <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb {F}_{q}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> associated with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf {a}=(\alpha _{1},\cdots,\alpha _{n})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and let <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$h=\prod _{i=1}^{n}(z-\alpha _{i})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> be a polynomial in variable <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$z$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. In this paper, by expressing <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{ RS}}_{k}(\mathbf {a})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> as an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-construction algebraic geometry code, we completely determine the dimension of the hull <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{ RS}}_{k}(\mathbf {a})\bigcap {\mathrm{ RS}}_{k}(\mathbf {a})^{\perp} $ </tex-math></inline-formula> in terms of the degree of the derivative of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$h$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and some relevant polynomials. As applications, we explicitly determine the parameters of MDS entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting codes constructed from RS codes, and all linear complementary dual (resp. self-dual) RS codes are also fully described.
Gamma-ray Flaring Emission in Blazar OJ287 Located in the Jet>14 pc from the Black Hole

We combine the Fermi-LAT light curve of the BL Lacertae type blazar OJ287 with time-dependent multi-waveband flux and linear polarization observations and submilliarcsecond-scale polarimetric images at lambda=7mm to locate the gamma-ray emission in prominent flares in the jet of the source>14pc from the central engine. We demonstrate a highly significant correlation between the strongest gamma-ray and millimeter-wave flares through Monte Carlo simulations. The two reported gamma-ray peaks occurred near the beginning of two major millimeter-wave outbursts, each of which is associated with a linear polarization maximum at millimeter wavelengths. Our very long baseline array observations indicate that the two millimeter-wave flares originated in the second of two features in the jet that are separated by>14pc. The simultaneity of the peak of the higher-amplitude gamma-ray flare and the maximum in polarization of the second jet feature implies that the gamma-ray and millimeter-wave flares are cospatial and occur>14pc from the central engine. We also associate two optical flares, accompanied by sharp polarization peaks, with the two gamma-ray events. The multi-waveband behavior is most easily explained if the gamma-rays arise from synchrotron self Compton scattering of optical photons from the flares. We propose that flares are triggered by interaction of moving plasma blobs with a standing shock.
Focal Conic Flower Textures at Curved Interfaces

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA(Received 23 October 2013; published 10 December 2013)Focal conic domains (FCDs) in smectic-A liquid crystals have drawn much attention, both for theirexquisitely structured internal form and for their ability to direct the assembly of micromaterials andnanomaterials in a variety of patterns. A key to directing FCD assembly is control over the eccentricity ofthe domain. Here, we demonstrate a new paradigm for creating spatially varying FCD eccentricity byconﬁning a hybrid-aligned smectic with curved interfaces. In particular, we manipulate interface behaviorwith colloidal particles in order to experimentally produce two examples of what has recently beendubbed the ﬂower texture [C. Meyer et al., Focal Conic Stacking in Smectic A Liquid Crystals: SmecticFlower and Apollonius Tiling, Materials 2, 499, 2009], where the focal hyperbolae diverge radiallyoutward from the center of the texture, rather than inward as in the canonical e´ventail or fan texture. Weexplain how this unconventional assembly can arise from appropriately curved interfaces. Finally, wepresent a model for this system that applies the law of corresponding cones, showing how FCDs may beembedded smoothly within a ‘‘background texture’’ of large FCDs and concentric spherical layers, in amannerconsistentwiththequalitativefeaturesofthesmecticﬂower. Suchunderstandingcouldpotentiallylead to disruptive liquid-crystal technologies beyond displays, including patterning, smart surfaces,microlens arrays, sensors, and nanomanufacturing.