Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physico-Chemical Analysis of Milk Collected From Urban Areas of Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne, Ethiopia

The present study was aimed at analyzing the physico-chemical quality of milk, collected from the urban areas of Oromia special zone surrounding Finfinne, central highland of Ethiopia namely Burayu, Sabeta and sululta. A total of 30 milk samples (10 from farm/producer, 10 from milk collectors, and 10 from the cafeteria) were collected from each urban area and the samples were analyzed for the physic-chemical parameters namely Added water, pH, specific gravity freezing point ,titrable acidity, protein ,lactose, fat, total soiled ,ash, and solid nonfat to assess the quality of milk. For the analyses of data General Linear Model (GLM) was implemented. The result of (mean±SE) percentage of added water, pH, and Specific gravity were a significant difference (p<0.05) between the study town but there was no significant difference between the study town in the finding of titratable acidity and freezing point. All the physical parameters namely Added water, pH, specific gravity titrable acidity of milk quality obtained from farms, milk collectors, and cafeterias were significantly different (p<0.05) except freezing point. The mean result of protein, lactose, fat, and TS were significantly different (p<0.05) between Burayu, Sabeta, and Sululta but no statistical difference between study town in the result of SNF and ash percentage. Except for ash, all the chemical compositions of milk were significantly different (p<0.05) among the producer, collectors and cafeteria. From this result, most of the physicochemical property of milk sample obtained from farm fulfill the minimum requirement of Ethiopia quality standard but when comas to the milk collectors and cafeterias, the physicochemical quality was below the limits of Ethiopia quality standard, this indicated that the adulteration of milk in the study area increased from producer to end-user. The finding of this study provided recent information on milk physicochemical quality from farm to the cafeteria which can be an important input for regulatory bodies (EFDA) of Ethiopia.
by Exploiting Image Metadata

Some images that are difﬁcult to recognize on their own may become more clear in the context of a neighborhood of related images with similar social-network metadata. We build on this intuition to improve multilabel image annotation. Our model uses image metadata nonparametrically to generate neighborhoods of related images using Jaccard similarities, then uses a deep neural network to blend visual information from the image and its neighbors. Prior work typically models image metadata parametrically; in contrast, our nonparametric treatment allows our model to perform well even when the vocabulary of metadata changes between training and testing. We perform comprehensive experiments on the NUS-WIDE dataset, where we show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art methods for multil-abel image annotation even when our model is forced to generalize to new types of metadata.
Cost-utility analysis of genomic pro�ling in early breast cancer in Colombia

Background: In Colombia, the best strategy to establish indication for adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer (EBC) remains unknown. This study aimed to identify the cost-utility of Oncotype DX™ (ODX) or Mammaprint™ (MMP) tests to establish the necessity of adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: This study used an adapted decision-analytic model to compare cost and outcomes of care between ODX or MMP tests and routine care without ODX or MMP tests (adjuvant chemotherapy for all patients) over a 5-year time horizon from the perspective of the Colombian National Health System (NHS; payer). Inputs were obtained from national unit cost tariffs, published literature, and clinical trial database. The study population comprised women with hormone-receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative, lymph-node-negative (LN0) EBC with high-risk clinical criteria for recurrence. The outcome measures were discounted incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR; 2021 United States dollar per quality-adjusted life-year [QALY] gained) and net monetary bene�t (NMB). Probabilistic (PSA) and deterministic sensitivity analysis (DSA) were performed. Results: ODX increases QALYs by 0.05 and MMP by 0.03 with savings of $2,374 and $554 compared with the standard strategy, respectively, and were cost-saving in cost-utility plane. NMB for ODX was $2,203 and for MMP was $416. Both tests dominate the standard strategy. Sensitivity analysis revealed that with a threshold of 1 gross domestic product per capita, ODX will be cost-utility in 95.5% of the cases compared with 70.2% cases involving MMP.DSA showed that the variable with signi�cant in�uence was the monthly cost of adjuvant chemotherapy. PSA revealed that ODX was a consistently superior strategy. Conclusions: Genomic pro�ling using ODX or MMP tests to de�ne the need of adjuvant chemotherapy treatment in patients with HR+ and HER2− EBC is a cost-utility strategy that allows Colombian NHS to maintain budget.
Finding the

Recent research makes increasing use of eye-tracking methodologies to generate and test process models. Overall, such research suggests that attention, generally indexed by fixations (gaze duration), plays a critical role in the construction of preference, although the methods employed to support this supposition differ substantially. In two studies we empirically test prototypical versions of prominent processing assumptions against one another and several base models. We find that general evidence accumulation processes provide a good fit to the data. An accumulation process that assumes leakage and temporal variability in evidence weighting (i.e. a primacy effect) fits the aggregate data, both in terms of choices and decision times, and does so across varying types of choices (e.g., charitable giving and hedonic consumption) and numbers of options well. However, when comparing models on the level of the individual, for a majority of participants simpler models capture choice data better. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Middle Pleistocene pollen biostratigraphy in the Osaka sedimentary basin, southwest Japan, with special reference to paleoenvironmental change

大阪堆積盆地における中期更新世の陸域環境変遷を明らかにするために，神戸市東灘1700 mコアを試料としてMa 2層からMa 12層（大阪層群上部～中位段丘構成層相当層）までの花粉化石群集の構成を明らかにした．その結果に基づき，20帯の花粉化石群集帯と5つの花粉超帯を設定した．森林古植生は最下位の花粉超帯が堆積した時代（前期更新世末）には暖温帯落葉広葉樹林であったと推定され，この時代の後になって次第に温帯針葉樹の勢力が増して暖温帯落葉広葉樹林に温帯針葉樹林が加わった森となり，温帯落葉樹林と温帯針葉樹林の交代が繰り返される時代を経て，後背地に温帯針葉樹林を伴う照葉樹林，そして温帯針葉樹林へ移り変わったと考えられる．一方，非海成層堆積期の平野部の古植生は，草本植物花粉やシダ植物・コケ植物胞子などの産出傾向から，氾濫原に広がったかなり広大な原野植生から河畔林や後背湿地の安定した植生へ移り変わったと考えられる．
The Effect of Recast on the Speaking Accuracy and Willingness to Communicate (WTC) of Iranian EFL Learners across Gender

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of recast on the speaking accuracy and willingness to communicate of Iranian EFL learners across gender. For this purpose, 52 Iranian EFL learners were invited to take part in the study based on convenience sampling. The participants were then divided into two equal groups: one control group (N= 26) and one experimental group (N= 26). In the control group no special treatment was used and the teacher ran the class conventionally. In the recast group, however, the errors produced by the students were corrected using reformulation. The treatment lasted for 10 sessions. A pretest of speaking accuracy and WTC was given to the participants before the treatment; the same tests were given to them as the posttest after the treatment was over. The result of the data analyses for the first two questions showed that the recast had a statistically significant effect on the speaking accuracy and WTC of Iranian EFL learners. The result of the data analysis for the third question indicated that there was not any statistically meaningful difference between the males and females as to their speaking accuracy and WTC.
Estimated and observed nucleation densities of electrodeposited Cu and Cu-Ag particles at n-Si(001) substrate

: We have examined the particle density of electrodeposited Cu and Cu-Ag particles from acidic sulfate bath. Based on the potentiostatic transients, the nucleation densities of the deposits were estimated with the Scharifker-Hills model, the Scharifker-Mostany model, the Heerman-Tarallo model, the approach proposed by Sluyters-Rehbach et al., and the model based on the roughness of the planar diffusion field from the one-point correlation function. All the fitted nucleation densities significantly underestimate the particle density observed under SEM. The average grain size suggests that all the nuclei are growing with respect to time. Those behaviors suggest that the coalescence of the diffusion fields occurs much earlier than the full coalescence of the nucleation exclusion zones. Furthermore, we have also attempted to explain the observed nucleation densities with the surface defect density of heavily-doped n-Si(001) substrate and the volume of the electrolyte required for forming the critical nucleus of Cu or Ag. The assumption that the Cu(II) species are immediately consumed at the substrate has been justified, from which a characteristic time is proposed to evaluate the impact of the rate of concentration drop on the mass-transfer behavior of the system.
Counting the uncounted : estimating the unaccounted COVID-19 infections in India (preprint)

Undetected infectious populations have played a major role in the COVID-19 outbreak across the globe and estimation of this undetected class is a major concern in understanding the actual size of the COVID-19 infections. Due to the asymptomatic nature of some infections, many cases have gone undetected. Also, despite carrying COVID-19 symptoms, most of the infected population kept the infections hidden and stayed unreported, especially in a country like India. Based on these factors, we have added an undetected compartment to the already developed SEIR model [48] to estimate these uncounted infections. In this article, we have applied Physics Informed Neural Network (PINN) to estimate the undetected infectious populations in the 20 worst-affected Indian states as well as India as a whole. The analysis has been carried out for the first as well as second surge of COVID-19 infections in India. A ratio of the active undetected infectious to the active detected infectious population is calculated through the PINN analysis which gives a picture of the real size of the pandemic in India. The rate at which symptomatic infectious population goes undetected and are never reported is also estimated using the PINN method. Toward the end, an artificial neural network (ANN) based forecasting scenario of the pandemic in India is presented. The prediction is found to be reliable as the training of the neural network has been carried out using the unique features, obtained from the state-wide analysis of the newly proposed model as well as from the PINN analysis.
Serveur Académique Lausannois SERVAL serval.unil.ch

Purpose: I) To implement a higher resolution isotropic 3D T 2 mapping technique that uses sequential T 2 -prepared segmented gradient-recalled echo (Iso3DGRE) images for knee cartilage evaluation, and II) to validate it both in vitro and in vivo in healthy volunteers and patients with knee osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: The Iso3DGRE sequence with an isotropic 0.6mm spatial resolution was developed on a clinical 3T MR. Numerical simulations were performed to optimize the pulse sequence parameters. A phantom study was performed to validate the T 2 estimation accuracy. The repeatability of the sequence was assessed in healthy volunteers (n=7). T 2 values were compared to those from a clinical standard two-dimensional multi-slice multi-echo (MSME) T 2 mapping sequence in knees of healthy volunteers (n=13) and in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA, n=5). Results: The numerical simulations resulted in 100 excitations per segment and an optimal RF excitation angle of 15°. The phantom study demonstrated a good correlation of the technique with the reference standard (slope 0.9±0.05, intercept 0.2±1.7ms, R 2 ≥0.99) . Repeated measurements of cartilage T 2 values in healthy volunteers showed a coefficient of variation of 5.6%. Both Iso3DGRE and MSME techniques found significantly higher cartilage T 2 values (P<0.03) in OA patients. Iso3DGRE precision was equal to that of the MSME T 2 mapping in healthy volunteers, and significantly higher in OA (P=0.01). Conclusion: This study successfully demonstrated that high-resolution isotropic 3D T 2 mapping for knee cartilage characterization is feasible, accurate, repeatable and precise. The technique allows for multiplanar reformatting and thus T 2 quantification in any plane of interest.
Towards Digital Sobriety: Why Improving the Energy Efficiency of Video Streaming is Not Enough

IPCC conclusions are unequivocal: we must divide our greenhouse gas emissions by two before 2030 if we want to maintain the global warming below 1.5°C in 2100. Hence, it becomes urgent to aim sobriety. Contrary to what is often claimed, digital technologies must also target global emission reduction, as their impact on the climate is huge and exploding every year. Among the digital world's emissions, those related to video processing and streaming are significant. At the same time, a lot of research efforts are currently done to reduce the energy consumed by video transmission algorithms or infrastructures. In this paper, we demonstrate that, even though such research works are crucial, they are not sufficient to enable global video streaming emissions reductions. The conclusion is that we must collectively think of other complementary solutions.
Throughfall variation under tree crowns

It is suggested that the experimental design for sample measurement of throughfall may be improved. Specifically, distance and direction from trunk may constitute a significant source of variation that could be separated in analysis of variance from the unexplained variation. Throughfall was measured at three positions and four directions under the crowns of four trees during the summer and winter of 1959 in southern New Jersey. Significant differences are reported with respect to distance and direction from the trunk.
A Study of Multivariable Calculus Vector-Related Items in the WeBWorK Open Problem Library

WeBWorK is a free, online homework system that was developed in 1994. It has been supported by key organizations and is currently used by many in the postsecondary mathematics community. Its Open Problem Library (OPL) contains tens of thousands of items at the lower division undergraduate mathematics level. The goal of this study is to investigate multivariable calculus vector-related items in the WeBWorK OPL. We �rst consider the usage and nature of these items. Next, we consider the nature of the items by looking at each item’s cognitive complexity, the key vector ideas addressed in the item, and the vector representations used in the item by systematically adapting and employing previous coding schemes from documented mathematics education research. The �ndings in this study validate the critical features of vectors that were identi�ed in earlier work. We conclude that the list of key vector ideas appears to be comprehensive since they addressed the topics in all multivariable calculus vector-related items studied. However, there are not many items of high or very high cognitive complexity. based on our �ndings, there appears to be a need for speci�c types of vector-related items available in the WeBWorK OPL. We conclude there is a need for additional items that involve contextual situations; graphical or geometrical interpretation; and reasoning, proof, and justi�cation. We also provide detailed recommendations for the addition of vector-related items that address topics or use representations that are missing or in limited supply in the WeBWorK OPL.
Investigation of the clay fraction (<2 µm) of the clay minerals society reference clays

We studied a set of 15 reference clays from The Clay Minerals Society (CMS) Source Clays repository. Our aim was to use them as reference materials in our version of the QUAX mineral database. The QUAX software (Quantitative Phase-Analysis with X-ray Powder Diffraction) has been used successfully at the KTB site (German Continental Deep Drillling) to determine mineral assemblages quickly, in an automatic fashion, on a large number of samples (∼40,000). It was also applied to Quaternary marine sediments of the Japan Sea. Our current research focuses on marine and lacrustrine sediments from the Arctic Ocean and Siberia.QUAX is a full-pattern method using a reference materials database. The quality of a particular quantification depends on the availability of the relevant mineral phases in the database. Our aim is to extend and improve the database continuously with new data from our current projects, particularly from clay and feldspar minerals.A reference material in the QUAX software must be monomineralic. Before X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of CMS clays could be added to the database, quantification of any impurities was necessary. After measuring the bulk material by XRD, the <2 µm fraction was separated because we assumed it would contain the smallest amount of impurities. Here we present grain-size data, XRD data and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) data for this clay-sized fraction. The results of chemical and mineralogical preparation techniques and (elemental) analysis methods were combined. For XRD, random and oriented clay-aggregate samples as well as pressed pellets for QUAX analysis were prepared. Semi-quantitative clay mineral determinations were run for comparison.
Brain abscess and necrotic brain tumor: discrimination with proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted imaging.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Discriminating pyogenic brain abscesses from cystic or necrotic tumors is sometimes difficult with CT or MR imaging. We compared findings of proton MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) with those of diffusion-weighted imaging to determine which technique was more effective for this differential diagnosis. METHODS Fourteen patients (necrotic or cystic tumor [n = 7]; pyogenic abscess [n = 7]) who underwent 1.5-T (1)H-MRS and diffusion-weighted imaging and had findings of ring-shaped enhancement after contrast agent administration were enrolled in this study. Diffusion-weighted imaging was performed with a single-shot spin-echo echo-planar pulse sequence (b = 1000 s/mm(2)). The apparent diffusion coefficient and ratio were also measured. RESULTS Spectra for two patients were unacceptable because of either poor shimming conditions or contamination from neighboring fat. Spectra in three of five patients with abscess had lactate, amino acids (including valine, alanine, and leucine), and acetate peaks; one of the three spectra had an additional peak of succinate. In one patient with abscess treated by antibiotics, only lactate and lipid peaks were detected. Spectra for four of seven patients with cystic or necrotic tumors showed only lactate peaks. Lactate and lipids were found in three patients with tumors. Hyperintensity was seen in all the pyogenic abscess cavities and hypointensity in all the cystic and necrotic tumors on diffusion-weighted images. CONCLUSION (1)H-MRS and diffusion-weighted imaging are useful for differentiating brain abscess from brain tumor, but the latter requires less time and is more accurate than is (1)H-MRS. (1)H-MRS is probably more limited in cases of smaller peripheral lesions, skull base lesions, and treated abscesses.
pituitary gland in central diabetes insipidus. Persistent high MR signal of the posterior

` Summary: We describe three cases of central diabetes insipidus, each with a different pathogenesis, in which unexpected hyper-intensity of the posterior pituitary gland was seen on T1-weighted MR images obtained at the time of presentation. In the first case (idiopathic), the posterior pituitary signal persisted more than 10 years; in the second case (Langerhans cell histiocytosis), the signal disappeared within 3 months, despite early specific chemotherapy with etoposide; and in the third case (transient), the posterior signal disappeared within 1 year, but it was documented at the time of spontaneous reversal of polyuria and polydipsia.
Morphometric Variation in Lepidogrammus cumingi and Dasylophus superciliosus from Greater Luzon, Philippines based on Museum Specimens

The monotypic Scale-feathered Malkoha Lepidogrammus cumingi (Fraser 1839) and polytypic Red-crested Malkoha Dasylophus superciliosus (Dumont 1823) are two of the endemic cuckoos in the Philippines. The taxonomy and distribution of these endemic cuckoos are poorly known. Recent distribution data of these cuckoos showed broader distribution patterns in the islands of Luzon, Catanduanes, and Marinduque; however, morphometric variations among these island populations are still unknown. While both species are sexually monomorphic, the differences between sexes were mainly based on plumage coloration. Dasylophus superciliosus is composed of two subspecies: ssp. superciliosus (Southern Luzon) and ssp. cagayanensis (Northern Luzon). The separation of the two subspecies of D. superciliosus was determined by the differences in superciliary feather, the coloration of breast plumage, and the tail band. In this study, we investigated the morphometric variations (1) between subspecies of D. superciliosus, (2) among island populations, and (3) between sexes (sexual dimorphism) of the two malkoha species. Four linear measurements (bill length, wing length, tarsus length, and tail length) were measured from 184 museum specimens. Results showed that the Catanduanes group (n=10) of L. cumingi exhibited a smaller body size than the Marinduque group (n=9). Red-crested Malkoha D. superciliosus showed significant differences between its two subspecies where the ssp. cagayanensis (n=28) exhibited smaller body size (bill length, wing length, and tail length) compared to ssp. superciliosus (n=81). Lastly, this study confirms that the two malkoha species are sexually monomorphic based on the analyzed morphometric data.
Involvement of Sirtuin 1 in the Growth Hormone/Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Signal Transduction and Its Impact on Growth Processes in Children

The regulation of growth processes in children depends on the synthesis of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Insulin-like growth factor 1, which is mainly secreted in the liver in response to GH, is the main peripheral mediator of GH action. Newly discovered factors regulating GH secretion and its effects are being studied recently. One of them is sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). This NAD+-dependent deacetylase, by modulating the JAK2/STAT pathway, is involved in the transduction of the GH signal in hepatocytes, leading to the synthesis of IGF-1. In addition, it participates in the regulation of the synthesis of GHRH in the hypothalamus and GH in the somatotropic cells. SIRT1 is suggested to be involved in growth plate chondrogenesis and longitudinal bone growth as it has a positive effect on the epiphyseal growth plate. SIRT1 is also implicated in various cellular processes, including metabolism, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, oxidative stress response, and DNA repair. Thus, its expression varies depending on the different metabolic states. During malnutrition, SIRT1 blocks GH signal transduction in hepatocytes to reduce the IGF-1 secretion and prevent hypoglycemia (i.e., it causes transient GH resistance). In this review, we focused on the influence of SIRT1 on GH signal transduction and the implications that may arise for growth processes in children.