Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of the physicochemical and bacteriological qualities of some drinking water sources in Abuja, Nigeria

Diseases caused by contaminated water consumption and poor hygiene are among the leading causes of death in children, the elderly and people with compromised immune system. The present study aims to assess the drinking water quality of some selected drinking water sources in the chosen study area using water quality index (WQI). Samples of drinking waters were collected from four different sources- river, sachet (packaged), borehole and well in Jabi, Abuja, Nigeria for physicochemical and bacteriological analyses using standard methods. With the exception of pH, river water had the highest content of all the physicochemical parameters examined. Excluding dissolved oxygen in river sample, the physicochemical parameters of the water sources were generally within the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. The bacteriological analyses revealed that the highest total coliform counts of 1.03 (0.08) x 10 2 cfu/ml were in the river sample while the least counts of 0.03 (0.00) x 10 2 cfu/ml were in the sachet water. All the bacteriological values did not meet international standard as they were higher than WHO standard of zero per 100ml. Three bacterial isolates Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp and Aeromonas spp , were isolated from well water while Pseudomonas spp and Proteus spp were isolated from borehole water. All other bacteria were isolated from the river. The study demonstrates that the safest drinking water source in Idu district, Jabi, Abuja is the sachet/packaged water while the least safe is the river water due to the presence of opportunistic pathogens. The results of this study are beneficial for water quality management and could be used for low-cost effective water quality assessment in Jabi.
Students’ Preferences and Perspectives Towards the Use of their Mother Tongue as a Means of Instruction and a Language Learning Aid1

One of the main controversial issues in the field of teaching English as a foreign language in México is the decision to use students’ mother tongue as a means and an aid for language teaching instruction. On these grounds, the purpose of this study was to explore undergraduate students’ preferences and perspectives towards the use of their mother tongue as part of their teaching practice of English as a foreign language. Data obtained from the study favored the English-only language policy known as the monolingual approach. On the other hand, those students who exhibited preference towards the use of their native language reported that L1 is a useful learning tool used by instructors to establish class rapport, help convey meaning, and clarify task instructions. Results may provide useful insights to orient both language educators and language policymakers who are looking for answers on this regard.
THE RUFOUS-FACED CRAKE (LATERALLUS XENOPTERUS) AND ITS PARAGUAYAN CONGENERS

The Black Rail (Laterullus jamaicensis) and other crakes of the genus Luterallus are among the least known American birds, and Ripley (1977:192) points out that “of all the rail family, this group of species collectively is the least studied. ” This is not surprising because they are secretive birds living in dense grassy places. But one relatively tame species, the Galapagos Rail (L. spilonotus) has been well studied in the field (Franklin et al. 1979). A second species, the Red-and-White Crake (L. leucopyrrhus) is commonly kept in aviaries where some of its habits have been reported (Meise 1934, Everitt 1962, Levi 1966). Museum specimens of Luterullus are few, hence their distribution and status are poorly known; anatomical material is even scarcer. The least known species of the group, the Rufous-faced Crake (L. xenopterus), was first taken in Paraguay in 1933 and described the following year (Conover 1934). It was not found again until Philip Myers rediscovered it in 1976 and Rick Hansen in 1978 (Myers and Hansen 1980). The species has not been illustrated previously, probably because the tail was missing from the type specimen and information on the color of the soft parts was not available. In 1979, I spent 5 weeks in Paraguay with a field party from the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology led by Philip Myers, III. One of my aims was to collect and find out as much as possible about the secretive crakes of this country. Two other species of Later&us, the Red-andWhite Crake and the Rufous-sided Crake (L. melunophuius), were already known from Paraguay. On my last day in the field, Dr. Myers presented me with a fresh specimen of the Gray-breasted Crake (L. exilis). The nearest localities from which this bird was previously known are in the
A Multibeta Representation Theorem for Linear Asset Pricing Theories

This paper derives a multibeta representation theorem for pricing assets using arbitrary reference variables that are not necessarily the true factors. Under this theorem, the upper bound on pricing deviations depends upon the correlations not only between the reference variables and the factors but also between the reference variables and the residual risks. A new concept of a well-diversified variable is introduced, which though free of residual risk, may be less than perfectly correlated with the true factors. Well diversified variables correlated with the factors play a key role in the pricing of assets, since these variables can replace the factors without any loss in pricing accuracy under all linear asset pricing theories.
Genetic Relationship of Wickham and IRRDB 1981 Rubber Population Based on RAPD Markers Analysis

Rubber hand pollination in Indonesian Rubber Research Institute program currently uses Wickham population which genetic analysis showed that genetic diversity of this population is narrow. The development of breeding activity has made the genetic base narrower by inbreeding. In order to solve this problem can use a new genetic resource that is the rubber germplasm IRRDB 1981 population. The genetic relationship between these populations is important to choose parents to avoid closely related genotypes in hand pollination. Therefore RAPD analysis was carried out using four selected primers i.e. OPH-03, OPH-05, OPH-18 and OPN-06. The result showed that Wickham and IRRDB 1981 population were separated into two different big groups with genetic similarity value of 0.64, and those big groups were separated further into many small sub groups with some genetic similarity level. The genetic similarity matrix showed that Wickham and IRRDB 1981 population has a range of genetic similarity 0.37– 0.98. The highest genetic similarity was found between RRIM 600 and PN 621, while the lowest was between BPM 1 and RRIC 100. Value in this matrix showed the genetic diversity between each clone. Based on this result, rubber genotypes of Wickham population could be crossed with genotypes of IRRDB 1981 population by choosing genotypes that have low genetic similarity.
Gas Exchange in the Gills of Yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata under Resting and Normoxic Condition

The gas exchange in the gills of yellowtail under resting and normoxic condition was studied based on the oxygen content in the inspired and expired water, the contents of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the arterial and mixed venous blood, oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide excretion, gill ventilation and gill perfusion. The yellowtail is considered to be well adapted to the actively swimming behaviour with a high ability of oxygen uptake which is made possible by a large volume of gill ventilation and a large oxygen capacity of the blood. The large minute volume of gill ventilation is achieved not by a large stroke volume but by frequent respiratory movements. The high efficiency of gas exchange in the restricted yellowtail in a respiration chamber is worthy of note, considering the actively swimming behaviour of the fish.
PDFlib PLOP: PDF Linearization, Optimization, Protection Page inserted by evaluation version

The mitochondrial respiratory chain is a powerful source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), considered as the pathogenic agent of many diseases and of aging. We have investigated the role of Complex I in superoxide radical production and found by combined use of specific inhibitors of Complex I that the one-electron donor in the Complex to oxygen is a redox center located prior to the sites where three different types of coenzyme Q (CoQ) competitors bind, to be identified with an Fe-S cluster, most probably N2, or possibly an ubisemiquinone intermediate insensitive to all the above inhibitors. Shortchain coenzyme Q analogues enhance superoxide formation, presumably by mediating electron transfer from N2 to oxygen. The clinically used CoQ analogue idebenone is particularly effective, raising doubts about its safety as a drug. The mitochondrial theory of aging considers somatic mutations of mitochondrial DNA induced by ROS as the primary cause of energy decline; in rat liver mitochondria, Complex I appears to be most affected by aging and to become strongly rate limiting for electron transfer. Mitochondrial energetics is also deranged in human platelets upon aging, as demonstrated by the decreased Pasteur effect (enhancement of lactate production by respiratory inhibitors). Cells counteract oxidative stress by antioxidants: CoQ is the only lipophilic antioxidant to be biosynthesized. Exogenous CoQ, however, protects cells from oxidative stress by conversion into its reduced antioxidant form by cellular reductases. The plasma membrane oxidoreductase and DT-diaphorase are two such systems: likewise, they are overexpressed under oxidative stress conditions.
Refining micropore capacity of activated carbon derived from coconut shell via deashing post-treatment

The discovery of new methods to control porosity and microarchitecture may lead to the refinement of carbon materials from lignocellulose as advanced functional materials. However, the high ash content on the surface of lignocellulosic biomass reduces the surface area and adsorption properties of the activated carbon. This study presents a novel approach, using a deashing post-treatment as the pore generator, to increase the quality of the activated carbon. The micropore capacity was improved by deashing post-treatment with distilled water, where 80% of the total pore ratio of the activated carbon was occupied with micropores. Ultrasonic treatment was able to penetrate deeper into the structure of coconut shell activated carbon, creating cavities and pores, thus increasing the surface area. Understanding the effects of these new controlling methods on pore refinement can elucidate the microporous fabrication of other activated carbons from high ash-content lignocellulosic biomass.
Extraction and Evolution of Lignin Products in Armagnac Matured in Oak

The lignin content of various French and foreign oaks varies from 25.3 to 28.5%. The inner stave faces of oak barrels that contained Armagnac for 20 years had a lower content than the outer stave faces had. However, the outer faces contained more aromatic aldehydes. The amounts of ligno-complex compounds and degradation products were assessed during aging of Armagnac. Syringaldehyde, vanillin, sinapaldehyde, and coniferaldehyde were identified, and they varied from 1 to 11.4 mg/L in 5-to-30-year-old Armagnac. The total amounts of seven aromatic acids (cinnamic, benzoic, syringic, vanillic, ferulic, p-hydroxybenzoic, and p-coumaric) varied from 2.6 to 12.2 mg/L. A lignin degradation mechanism in oak during the aging of spirits is suggested.
A two-phase solid-fluid model for dense granular flows including dilatancy effects: comparison with submarine granular collapse experiments

We simulate here the collapse of granular columns immersed in a viscous fluid based on a simplified version of the model developed by [2]. The simulation quite well reproduces the dynamics and deposit of the granular mass as well as the excess pore fluid pressure measured in the laboratory experiments of [10] owing that dilatancy effects and pore pressure feedback are accounted for. In particular, the difference in the behaviour of initially loose and dense columns is reproduced numerically.
A new species of Liolaemus of the archeforus group from the precordilleran valley of the Zeballos river, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina (Reptilia, Tropiduridae)

A distint new species of Liolaemus endemic to the isolated tablelands south the glacial Lago Buenos Aires, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, is described. It is a member of the Patagonian L. archeforus species group, in which it may be distinguished by its small size, exceptionally high number of scales at midbody, and a distinctive color pattern. Liolaemus sarmientoi and L. gallardoi, formerly recognized as subspecies of L. archeforus, and L. baguali and L. somuncurae, for­ merly recognized as subspecies of L. kingii, are elevated to full species.
Tropical Dairy Farming: Feeding Management for Small Holder Dairy Farmers in the Humid Tropics

Tropical Dairy Farming is a manual designed for use by dairy production advisors working in tropical areas, especially in South-East Asia. It aims to increase the productivity of small holder dairy farmers in the humid tropics by improving the feeding management of their livestock. It shows how to provide dairy cows with cost-effective feeds that match small holder farming systems and discusses the major obstacles to improving feeding management in the humid tropics. The author shows the benefits and drawbacks of various feed components and the calculation of balanced diets based mainly on forages combined with some supplementary feeding. Diseases and problems associated with unbalanced diets are also covered, as well as important information on growing and conserving quality forages as silage. The book draws on examples from a variety of countries including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, China, East Timor and the Philippines.
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF SOME PELAGIC FIS H DIET IN THE EASTERN CENTRAL ATLANTIC

SUMMARY In the framework of the BETYP program, some scientists of the IRD took part to cruises on board the Japanese R/V Shoyo-Maru. Three cruises were done from October to December 2000. These cruises covered the Eastern Central Atlantic from 10° to 40°W and from 20°N to 10°S. Fish were caught with long-line and micronekton with an IKMT (Isaacs-Kidd Mid-water Trawl). 135 stomach contents and 30 tows have been analyzed. Istiophoridae and Thunnidae are opportunistic feeders, fish and crustaceans being the main components of the diet. Swordfish seem to have a more specialized diet with molluscs dominating in the northern part of the region and fish in the southern part. Lancetfish, which exhibits, like tunas and swordfish, large vertical movements, eats crustaceans and fish. In this region of the Atlantic, tuna caught with longline have a more heterogeneous diet than tuna caught with purse seine. This result could be linked to different behaviour (with emphasis on vertical movements) among the species and the size of individuals. Comparison between the diet of the pelagic predat ors and the catch composition of the tows is difficult, as the determination of some food items has not yet been done. Such work is still in process and will allow a better understanding of the prey-predator interactions.
Comparison of Acute Toxicity of Anticholinesterase Insecticides to Weanling and Adult Male Rats.∗

Summary A comparison was made of the acute toxicity of a number of anticholinesterase insecticides in weanling and adult male rats. The results indicate that weanlings are about twice as susceptible as adults to parathion, methyl parathion, Systox, Di-Syston, Guthion, Malathion, Delnav, and Folex. A smaller increase in susceptibility of weanlings was noted with Ethion, Phosdrin, Dipterex and Sevin. Weanlings were about 5 times more susceptible to EPN and about 4 times more susceptible to Trithion than adult male rats. In the case of OMPA adults were about 5 times more susceptible than weanlings. The age differences in susceptibility are probably due to incomplete development of enzymes which catalyze the metabolism of anticholinesterase insecticides in the livers of young animals.
The Expected (Signaling) Value of Higher Education

IZA DP No. 13729 SEPTEMBER 2020 The Expected (Signaling) Value of Higher Education* This paper explores students’ expectations about the returns to completing higher education and provides first evidence on perceived signaling and human capital effects. We elicit counterfactual labor market expectations for the hypothetical scenarios of leaving university with or without a degree certificate among a large and diverse sample of students at different stages of higher education. Our findings indicate substantial perceived returns to higher education. Moreover, by exploiting within-individual variation, we document sizeable expected labor market returns from signaling, whereas perceived productivityenhancing (human capital) returns seem to be less pronounced. Over the expected course of career, we find lasting education premia as well as evidence consistent with employer learning. JEL Classification: I21, I23, I26, J24, J31, J32, J44
Academic Semester Activities by Learning Management System during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case of Jazan University

: The COVID-19 has led to the shutdown of educational institutions around the world. Over 1.2 billion students are out of school globally. As a result of COVID-19, the education sector is facing a huge impact on universities forcing their teaching to shift to e-learning and mixed learning modes. During the current emergency, he Learning Management System (LMS) has been a vital resource for virtually all higher education institutions, and a driving force in online learning. After the announcement of University closures, Saudi Arabia is one of the nation where students are worried and going through a phase of learning, where they have no tutor, a lot of course work and only themselves to help them study. Jazan University transforms to E-learning mode of teaching after the suspension of regular classes. The primary focus of this study is to examine the academic semester activities of LMS, Blackboard, amongst faculty members of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities at Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, how the faculty members utilize the learning management system to support their students in the learning process, assessment and include them in the content in hand while they are teaching from home in the midst of the epidemic. The main outcomes of this study are: Role in the achievement of instructive information online, Suitable support provided to the students by faculty and teaching assistants and Contingency strategy for addressing unforeseen online educational system issues.
Immunological Insights into the Evolutionary History of Caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona): Relationships of the Seychellean Caecilians and a Preliminary Report on Family-Level Relationships

The endemic amphibian fauna of the Seychelles Archipelago may have originated through a vicariance event in the early Cenozoic when the microcontinent that formed this group of islands rifted away from India. Albumin evolution in the three endemic genera of caecilians (Caeciliaidae: Grandisonia, Hypogeophis, and Praslinia) was examined using the quantitative immunological technique of micro-complement fixation (MC'F). The data obtained and additional DNA sequence data from mitochondrial genes provide further evidence for the monophyly of this group and suggest a time frame for divergences within the group. Praslinia apparently diverged first, approximately 30 million years before the present (mybp), while the separation of Hypogeophis and Grandisonia, as well as speciation within Grandisonia, has occurred within the last 14 million years. Albumins of Seychellean caecilians average 106 units of immunological distance (ID) to the other members of the Caeciliaidae that were examined. Based upon the standard calibration of the albumin clock, this is consistent with the timing of the rifting of the Seychelles from India and suggests that this vicariance event may have been responsible for the isolation of these taxa. Three other members of the Caeciliaidae and one member of the Typhlonectidae were available for this study. Dermophis and Schistometopum cluster (mean ID = 59), and form the sister taxon of the Seychellean genera, while Caecilia and Typhlonectes cluster at a mean ID of 78. Albumin from representatives of two other families examined (Ichthyophiidae and Rhinatrematidae) were so different that measurements were outside the quantitative limits of MC'F; these taxa appear to be distantly related to the Caeciliaidae and Typhlonectidae, as well as to each other.
Identification and characterization of interactors of RAX1 controlling shoot branching in Arabidopsis thaliana

To identify functional partners of RAX1 in a large scale, a yeast two-hybrid screen was performed. Two candidates, HAT1 (HD-Zip protein 1) and YAB1 (YABBY1), were shown to interact with RAX1 in yeast and the interactions were confirmed by pull-down assays. Transcripts of HAT1, a HD-ZIP class II transcription factor, accumulated in a domain at the adaxial base of young leaf primordia, very similar to that of RAX1. Phenotypic analysis of hat1-1 knockout mutant as well as hat1-1 rax1-3 double mutants did not reveal any role of HAT1 in the process of axillary meristem formation. This might be due to a functional redundancy of HAT1 with its homologs. Co-localization of YAB1 and RAX1 transcripts in the incipient leaf primordia was demonstrated using consecutive sections for RNA in-situ hybridization. Loss of YAB1 function (fil-8) resulted in a strong reduction in axillary bud formation when plants were grown in short photoperiods. YAB1 was shown to regulate axillary meristem formation in a day-length dependent manner as the branching defect of fil-8 was vanished in long days. The rax1-3 fil-8 double mutant showed a similar branching defect as fil-8. Another putative interactor of RAX1 is AtLAX, which was characterized in detail in this study. AtLAX is the closest homolog of the rice LAX and maize BA1 genes in Arabidopsis. LAX and BA1 are shown to play crucial roles in the establishment of axillary meristems in rice and maize, respectively. LAX, BA1 and AtLAX encode bHLH-type transcription factors with highly conserved bHLH domains. Phenotype analysis of atlax knockout mutants and transgenic plants carrying the AtLAXSRDX dominant repressor showed that: 1) AtLAX plays a role in the formation of axillary meristems; 2) AtLAX functions as a transcriptional activator; and 3) AtLAX probably has no functionally redundant homolog(s). The specific expression pattern of AtLAX at the adaxial domain of leaf primordia and accessory shoot formation in the AtLAX-overexpressing plants further support the role of AtLAX in axillary meristem formation. The idea of an interaction between AtLAX and RAX1, a R2R3-type MYB protein, is derived from the classical interaction model of bHLH and MYB proteins described for several developmental processes. The protein interaction between AtLAX and RAX1 is demonstrated in pull down assays and is supported by a nearly completely overlap of their domains of transcript accumulation. In addition, AtLAX mRNA accumulation is down-regulated in vegetative, but not in reproductive apices of rax1-3 loss-of-function mutants, suggesting that RAX1 regulates AtLAX in the process of axillary meristem initiation during the vegetative stage of development. Finally, analysis of the genetic interaction between AtLAX, RAX1 and LAS (LATERAL SUPPRESSOR) demonstrates that these three regulators are necessary for the formation of axillary meristems during both vegetative and reproductive stages of shoot development.