Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anion-exchange in takovite : applications to other hydroxide minerals

La takovite, un des membres du groupe des pyroaurites qui contient du nickel a ete, ainsi que son mineral apparente l'hydrotalcite, soumise a des traitements, a 25 °C, par des solutions, 0,1 M de HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, NiSO₄, Al₂(SO₄)₃ et KOH. La diffraction des rayons X et la spectroscopie aux infrarouges appliquees aux materiaux traites confirment que les groupes carbonates du mineral d'origine peuvent facilement s'echanger avec les anions Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, OH⁻ et SO₄²⁻, a la temperature ordinaire. Les chlorures, nitrates et hydroxy˗takovites donnent des diagrammes aux rayons X pratiquement semblables a ceux du mineral non traite, avec des espacements superieurs d'environ 0,2 A. Les diagrammes aux rayons X des materiaux traites au sulfate donnent un espacement de 8,9 A pour des humidites relatives inferieures a 50 % et de 10,8 A pour des humidites relatives superieures a 50 % contre 7,5 A pour le materiau non traite. Si on met de la takovite traitee au sulfate dans une solution de KOH 0,01 M saturee en CO₂, pendant 18 heures a 25 °C on obtient aux rayons X et aux infrarouges les memes resultats que pour la takovite d'origine. On pense que les anions Cl⁻, NO₃⁻ et OH⁻ occupent une position tres similaire a ceux du groupe carbonate, et la disposition du sulfate est probablement similaire a celle trouvee pour le sulfate d'hydrocalumite. Les donnees dont on dispose suggerent que la carrboydite, l'honessite et la motukoreaite possedent des structures exactement analogues a celle de la takovite sulfatee.
TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINE NEUROTOXINS AND PARKINSON DISEASE

iii DEDICATION To my loving wife, best friend and eternal companion Norma. With love and thanks for supporting me in all my endeavors into neuroscience and neurosurgery. You make my journey worthwhile. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my research advisor and mentor, Dr. Mark LeDoux, for the training I received in his laboratory. His encouragement, advice and supervision in my research and medical endeavors are much appreciated. Of utmost importance to my career, I appreciate his time, effort and motivation in my education on scientific writing. I would like to thank the members of my graduate committee, Drs. for their valuable comments and advice on my qualifying exam, research proposal and dissertation formulation. I would also like to sincerely thank all the current and former members in Dr. for their technical assistance, suggestions and camaraderie. In particular, I would like to thank Dr. Yu Zhao for her extensive training and assistance in cell culture techniques and valuable input regarding my experiments. Her scientific knowledge and friendship were welcoming and valued in the often-times rough seas of graduate school. During my graduate school training I have had the privilege to learn from several faculty members in the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology. My sincere thanks to: Drs. neuroscience graduate program director, who provided me with direction and support from the very beginning of my foray in neuroscience. Many thanks to the staff in the Departments of Neurology and Anatomy and Neurobiology, including Brenda Smith for her administrative help in graduate school and Mary Reed, Bobbie Scott, and Frances Grigsby for their help in reagent purchasing and administrative work. I would especially thank my wife and my extended family for their incredible love and support throughout my graduate training. Finally, I would like to thank the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke for financial support (R03-NS049123 to MSL). v ABSTRACT The goal of this dissertation work was to (1) determine the distribution of several tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) derivatives in rodent, normal human and Parkinson disease (PD) brain, (2) quantify the levels of these TIQ derivatives in common food sources in an effort to link specific food intake patterns with the development of PD and (3) examine the neurotoxicity of select TIQ derivatives in human dopaminergic cell culture. The TIQs are a family of monoamine alkaloids that share structural homology with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahyrdropyridine (MPTP), can be formed from dopamine …
Microbial synthesis and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)

Copolyesters of 3-hydrorybutyrate (3HB) and 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB) with a wide range of compositions from 0 to 100 mol % 4HB were microbially synthesized at 30°C by Alcaligenes eutrophus from 4-hydrorybutyric acid in the presence of some additives. When 4-hydrorybutyric acid, citrate, and ammonium sulfate were fed as mixed substrates in the aqueous culture of A. eutrophus, P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymers with compositions of 70-100 mol % 4HB were produced. The effects of 4HB units on the rate of enzymatic degradation of P(3HB-4-HB) films were studied in the aqueous solution of an extracellular P(3HB) depolymerase from A. faecalis
Enhanced specific heat and thermal conductivity of ternary carbonate nanofluids with carbon nanotubes for solar power applications

Specific heat and thermal conductivity are important thermal properties of high‐temperature heat transfer fluids and thermal storage materials for supercritical solar power plants. In the present work, nanofluids composed of ternary carbonate Li2CO3‐K2CO3‐Na2CO3 (4:4:2, mass ratio) and 1.0 wt. % carbon nanotubes (CNT) were prepared to obtain high‐temperature heat transfer and storage media with enhanced specific heat and thermal conductivity. The dispersion of CNTs in the nanofluids was tuned by changing the evaporation temperature (100, 140, 180 and 220 °C) and adding surfactants such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), or gum Arabic (GA). The results showed that GA and SDS facilitate good dispersion of CNT in nanofluids at the evaporation temperatures of 140 °C and 180 °C, resulting in the formation of more needle‐like nanostructures. The higher increase in the specific heat and thermal conductivity of the nanofluids with SDS at 500 °C was 78.3% and 149.2%, respectively. Additionally, the specific heat of as‐prepared ternary carbonate nanofluids exhibits a good thermal stability after 30 cycles of thermal shock experiments.
Effect of Molecular Structure on Laminar Flame Speeds of Three C5 Alkenes

ABSTRACT The laminar flame speeds of 1-pentene and 2-methyl-2-butene are measured in our previous studies. In order to study the effect of molecular structure on the combustion characteristics of C5 alkenes, the laminar flame speeds of 2-pentene/air mixtures were measured in a constant volume combustion bomb in the different conditions (T0 = 450 K, p = 0.1/0.3 MPa, and φ = 0.6–1.6). Experimental results for the three fuels show that 1-pentene has the largest laminar flame speeds, and 2-methyl-2-butene has the lowest one. Further, a high-temperature chemical mechanism for C5 alkenes was developed to analyze the differences in laminar flame speeds between the three fuels and to explore the effects of molecular structure on the combustion characteristics of the three C5 alkenes. The chemical mechanism was verified by the experimental results of laminar flame speeds and can well predict the combustion characteristics of these three C5 alkenes over a wide range of conditions. The effects of molecular structure on laminar flame speed were analyzed by the chemical kinetic model from three aspects: bond dissociation energies, reaction pathways, and sensitivity analyses. Results show that the chemical kinetic characteristics of linear 1-pentene and 2-pentene are similar to each other, while the chemical kinetic characteristics of branched 2-methyl-2-butene differ greatly from them.
Insulin resistance and HCV virologic response to peg-interferons (Peg-IFN) with ribavirin (RBV) in HIV/HCV co-infected patients

[1] Grasso A, Malfatti F, De Leo P, Martines H, Fabris P, Toscanini F, et al. Insulin resistance predicts rapid virological response in non-diabetic, non-cirrhotic genotype 1 HCV patients treated with peginterferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin. J Hepatol 2009;23:23. Alessandro Grasso Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Via Genova 30, 17100 Savona, Italy * Tel. : +39 019 8404760; fax: +39 019 8404464. E-mail address: a.grasso@asl2.liguria. it
Proximate composition, cyanide contents, and particle size distribution of cassava flour from cassava varieties in Zambia

The utilisation of cassava in the food industry is on the rise in Africa. However, information about the quality traits of raw material derived from new cassava varieties is limited. Cassava flours processed from six cassava varieties (Bangweulu, Katobamputa, Mweru, Kariba, Kampolombo and Chila) were assessed for particle size distribution, dry matter, starch yields; proximate contents, cyanides and whiteness index. The variety effect was analysed. The moisture, protein, lipid, ash, and fibre contents were in the range 10.43–11.18, 1.21–1.87, 0.15–0.63, 1.21–1.78, and 0.03–0.60%, respectively. The average particle size distribution at D90 (250.44–334.34 μm) and D10 (35.56–48.52 μm) varied (p < 0.05) among varieties. The bulk and packed density ranged 0.40–0.47 and 0.62–0.67 g/cm3, respectively. Bulk density correlated positively (p < 0.05) with moisture content. The cassava root dry matter contents varied in the range 40.04–47.25%, and correlated negatively with lipid (p < 0.01), ash content (p < 0.05) and positively with fibre (p < 0.01). Starch yield ranged between 20.76 and 28.31%. The cassava cyanide contents were in the range 23.60–238.12 and 8.62–15.48 mg HCN/kg for roots and flours, respectively. The cyanide reduction was in the range 60.76–93.86%. Degrees of lightness (L*) were in the range between 93.65 and 94.55, yellowness (b*) 6.52–8.15 with greenness in the range −0.03 to 0.44. The whiteness index of flours was in the range 89.90 to 91.46. Whiteness index negatively correlated with fibre content (p < 0.01). The quality traits varied among the cassava varieties, and source of variations were due to differences in flour particle size, fibre and ash contents.
Merkelův karcinom u mladé dívky

Merkelův karcinom kůže (MCC) je vzacný neuroendokrinni nador charakteristický svým rychlým růstem, agresivnim klinickým chovanim s castým postiženim regionalnich lymfatických uzlin, vzdalenými metastazami a castou rekurenci. Vyrůsta z Merkelových buněk bazalni vrstvy epidermis. I když patři mezi vzacne typy nadorů (tvoři meně než 1 % kožnich nadorů v dospěle populaci), jeho incidence ma rychle stoupajici trend s mezirocnim narůstem 8 %. MCC byl poprve popsan Cyrilem Tokerem v roce 1972 jako trabekularni karcinom kůže. Od te doby byl oznacovan taky jako kutanni APUDom, neuroendokrinni karcinom kůže, malobuněcný karcinom kůže, anaplastický karcinom kůže, primarni nediferencovaný karcinom kůže a Merkelův karcinom
BARRIERS AND FACILITATING FACTORS IN LEARNING OF EFFECTIVE CLINICAL TEACHING IN BUSHEHR UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES: CLINICAL STUDENTS, POINT OF VIEW- 2010

Clinical environment as the most effective context for teaching clinical skill and knowledge is important. According to importance of clinical education and rectifying its weaknesses, this study was designed to survey the students and teachers attitude on barriers and facilitating factors in clinical training. Method; this cross-sectional study was conducted at Bushehr University of Medical Sciences in 2010; the study also was done on 147 clinical students in nursing, midwifery and medical students in clerkship and internship stage. Data was collected using a questionnaire that was adjusted according to variu study and its validity determined with content validity. Then, result showed that 42/4% of student was clerkship and 56/5% was internship, and 84/8% of students interested in their field. 97.9% of students believed that instructors, affableness is the most important facilitator in their clinical teaching; although 91.36% of participants believed that major barriers were lack of equipments, facilities and standard wards for clinical teaching. There was a significant difference in attitudes of students toward faciliating factors (P 0.05). Identifying problems of clinical education and taking action to eliminate or modify barriers as well as enhancing facilitating factors in clinical teaching, therefore, will probably increase productivity and ultimately training skilled educated members to provide high quality care to patients.
Efeito da carga do fotossensibilizador em lípidos de Escherichia coli

Photodynamic therapy, Escherichia coli, lipids, hydroperoxides photosensitizers, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3phosphoethanolamine Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a simple and controllable method to destroy microorganisms based on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g. free radicals and singlet oxygen), which irreversibly oxidize microorganism’s vital constituents resulting in lethal damage. This technology requires the combined action of oxygen, light and a sensitizer (FS), which absorbs and uses the energy from light to produce those ROS. The main targets of the antibacterial photodynamic activity are the external microbial structures, as cell walls and cell membranes. For a better understanding of photoinactivation process, the knowledge of how some molecular targets are affected by PDI assumes a great importance. The aim of this work was to study the effect caused by positive charged porphyrin derivatives, used as FS, during photoinactivation process on Escherichia coli lipids. In this context, the effect of five porphyrin derivatives, bearing one to four positive charge was evaluated by the quantification of lipid hydroperoxides and by analysis of the variation of fatty acyl profiling. E. coli suspensions were irradiated with white light in the presence of each FS (5.0 μM) and non-photosensitized bacteria were used as dark (with FS and without light) and light (irradiated without FS) controls. After PDI, the total lipids were extracted and quantified by phosphorus assay. Lipid oxidation was quantified by ferrous oxidation in xylenol orange (FOX2) assay and the fatty acyl profiling analysis was done by gas chromatography (GC). After PDI, it was observed an overall increase in the lipid hydroperoxides contents depending to the FS charge and its distribution on the macrocycle. The pattern of lipid oxidation had a high correlation with photoinactivation effectiveness of the five cationic porphyrins. In fact the FS that induced higher lipid oxidation was the one that corresponded to higher bacterial inactivation. Analysis of fatty acyl profile by GC showed a decrease in the unsaturated fatty acids, corroborate the relationship between lipid oxidation and photoinactivation. It was also evaluated the same sensitizers effects on the standard 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3phosphoethanolamine. The oxidation of lipid was assessed by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI-MS). MS spectra were acquired for all photosensitises in separated systems at different times and concentrations to evaluate the effect of these two variables in efficiency of the photoinactivation. It can be concluded that bacterial membrane phospholipids are important molecular targets of photoinactivation being the formation of hydroperoxy derivatives a good indicator of the process.
Pregnancy Outcomes in HIV-Positive Women in Singapore

Singapore had her first HIV patient tested sero-positive in 1985. Ever since then, the number of new patients being diagnosed has been on the uprising trend. Based on the current evidences in the literature, we look at how our local practice should be positioned. The objective is to study the general profile of all HIV-positive women in Singapore and to compare the difference in vertical transmission rate between women with very low viral count i.e. < 50 copies/ml who underwent caesarean section and normal vaginal deliveries. Also with proper intrapartum and postpartum advice and care, we look at the outcome of unbooked pregnancies. A ten-year retrospective review of HIV-positive women who delivered in KK Women's & Children's Hospital (Singapore) was conducted. All case notes were reviewed and data was collected and analysed using Microsoft Excel. A total of 75 deliveries by 67 women were identified. Four neonates were tested HIV-positive, amounting to a vertical transmission rate of 5.3%. Of the 12 women who were found to have viral counts of less than 50 copies/ml before their deliveries, four underwent normal vaginal deliveries while eight underwent caesarean sections. All babies were tested HIV-negative. Among the five unbooked pregnancies and two pregnancies that were booked at term, one neonate was found to be positive (14.3%). There is no difference in perinatal transmission in women with very low viral count irrespective of the mode of delivery. For those women with unbooked pregnancies, proper intrapartum care, neonatal anti-retroviral therapy together with avoidance of breastfeeding reduces vertical transmission rate and improves neonatal outcome.
Evaluating the long‐term effects of tillage systems on soil structural quality using visual assessment and classical methods

Current agricultural practices and their impacts on the sustainability of crop production can be evaluated by simple and reliable soil structure assessment tools. The study was conducted to determine the effects of long‐term (2006–2017) tillage systems on structural quality of a clayey soil using the visual evaluation of soil structure (VESS) and classical field and laboratory measurements. A field experiment with seven tillage systems, representing both traditional and conservation tillage methods, was conducted on a clayey soil in the Cukurova region, Turkey. Soil samples from 0–10, 10–20 and 20–25 cm depths were analysed for mean weight diameter (MWD), porosity and organic carbon. Penetration resistance (PR) was determined in each treatment plot. The VESS scores (<2) of upper 0–5 cm indicated a good structural quality for all tillage systems. The VESS scores were positively related to PR and MWD and negatively to macroporosity (MaP) and total porosity. In reduced and no‐till systems, poorer soil structures were observed in subsurface layers where firm platy and angular blocky structures were defined. Mean VESS score (3.29) in 20–25 cm depth where PR was 3.01 MPa under no‐till indicated a deterioration of soil structural quality; thus, immediate physical interventions would be needed. Lower VESS scores and PR values under strategic tillage which was created by ploughing half of no‐till plots in November 2015 indicated successful correction of compaction caused by long‐term no‐till. The results suggest that the VESS approach is sensitive and useful in distinguishing compacted layers within the topsoil.
Instructional Course Lectures, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Hallux Valgus*†

Hallux valgus occurs with lateral deviation of the great toe and medial deviation of the first metatarsal. Commonly, the deformity is characterized by progressive subluxation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (Figs. 1-A, 1-B, and 1-C). Occasionally, there is a static deformity due to valgus angulation of the distal articular surface of the first metatarsal or the proximal phalangeal articular surface (Fig. 2). Figs. 1-A, 1-B, and 1-C: Radiographs demonstrating the different degrees of a hallux valgus deformity. The arrow indicate the direction of the subluxation, and the arrowheads indicate the extent of the joint surface. Fig. 1-A: A mild hallux valgus deformity with subluxation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The hallux valgus angle is 19 degrees, the first-second intermetatarsal angle is 10 degrees, and there is less than 50 per cent (mild) subluxation of the sesamoids. Fig. 1-B: Moderate hallux valgus deformity with subluxation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The hallux valgus angle is 30 degrees, the first-second intermetatarsal angle is 14 degrees, and there is 50 to 75 per cent (moderate) subluxation of the sesamoids. Fig. 1-C: A severe, recurrent hallux valgus deformity with severe subluxation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The hallux valgus angle is 50 degrees, the intermetatarsal angle is 17 degrees, and there is more than 75 per cent (severe) subluxation of the sesamoids. The second metatarsophalangeal joint is dislocated. Radiograph of a foot with moderate hallux valgus deformity without subluxation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The hallux valgus is due mainly to 25 degrees of valgus angulation of the distal articular surface of the metatarsal. A sagittal groove (or sulcus) has developed medial to the articular surface. There is a prominent medial eminence. The dotted line indicates the medial and lateral extent of the distal articular surface of the metatarsal. Hallux valgus …
'This Tobacco Has Always Been Here for Us,' American Indian Views of Smoking: Risk and Protective Factors

We utilized eight talking circles to elicit American Indian views of smoking on a U.S. reservation. We report on (1) the historical context of tobacco use among Ojibwe Indians; (2) risk factors that facilitate use: peer/parental smoking, acceptability/ availability of cigarettes; (3) cessation efforts/ inhibiting factors for cessation: smoking while pregnant, smoking to reduce stress , beliefs that cessation leads to debilitating withdrawals; and (4) protective factors that inhibit smoking initiation/ use: negative health effects of smoking, parental and familial smoking behaviors, encouragement from youth to quit smoking, positive health benefits, “cold turkey” quitting, prohibition of smoking in tribal buildings/homes. Smoking is prevalent, but protective behaviors are evident and can assist in designing culturally sensitive prevention, intervention and cessation programs.
Farm communication through mass media in Karnal district -A retrospect

To ascertain how far the mass media are reaching the farm families, an attempt has been made in the present study to investigate the socio-personal profile of the randomly selected farmers (including farm women) as well as to know the pattern of using various mass media in getting the varied farm related information in Kamal district. Fifty respondents (25 Males 25 Females) each were selected from three villages of Kamal, thus, comprising a total of 150 respondents. Analysed data indicated that 59.0 per cent of males and 61.30 per cent of females belonged to young category. Amongst farm women. 54.66 per cent were illiterate; whereas, 40.0 per cent of the male respondents studied upto tenth standard. Based on land holding, 52.0 per cent of male and 42.66 per cent of females owned land upto 2–5 aeres and having 1–2 milch animals. Study reveals that 66.67 per cent of male farmers and 50.67 per cent of farm women possessed their own radio/transistor and T.V. sets, it was found that 30.66 per cent of farmers listen to farm radio programmes rarely, whereas. 49.34 per cent of farmers indicated that they never hear such programmes. Nearly 34.66 per cent of farmers and 36.00 per cent of farm women watch the krishi darshan programmes sometimes. In addition to these. information pertaining to ascertain how many of the selected farm families subscribe (to) news papers and have cable connections has also been studied.