Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of surface variables and parameterization of surface processes in HIRLAM. Part I: Approach and verification by parallel runs

The analysis of surface variables and parameterization of surface processes of the reference HIRLAM system is described. Special emphasis has been put on the treatment of surface heterogeneity making that surface uxes of heat and momentum inherit such high spacial variability. The so called \tiling" approach has been adopted to prevent the problems associated with the use of e ective parameters in case of strongly changing surface conditions. The tiles are de ned by coupling independently each homogeneous patch or \tile" of a grid square to the lowest level of the model. Tiles interact each other only through the atmosphere. Average surface uxes are then computed by averaging surface uxes over each land-use tile weighted by their fractional area. The model allows up to ve di erent tiles (water, sea ice, bare ground, low vegetation, forest) within each grid square. Fractional snow cover is also allowed within each tile. The ISBA scheme has been selected to model land surface processes. The surface analysis initializes the following surface variables: sea surface temperature (SST), fraction of water and ice, snow depth, 2-metre temperature, 2-metre relative humidity, surface soil temperature, mean soil temperature, surface soil water content and total soil water content. The algorithm is able to cope with the tiled structure by averaging some variables only over land tiles. SST and snow depth analyses are based on the successive correction method. 2-metre temperature and relative humidity analyses are based on the optimal interpolation method. Finally, soil water content analysis is based on the sequential method, which corrects water content depending on 2-metre temperature and relative humidity forecast errors, only in those synoptic cases where screen variables are strongly in uenced by the surface beneath. A comprehensive list of parallel runs covering all seasons of the year have been conducted to demonstrate the superiority of the new package against the previous surface treatment. Special emphasis has been put on summer time and midlatitude regions were the in uence of soil water content on screen temperature and humidity is extremely high.
Population dynamics of Common Sandpipers Actitis hypoleucos in the Peak District of Derbyshire – a different decade

Capsule A report of the failure of a population to recover from a catastrophic snow storm. Aims To examine why our study population of Common Sandpipers failed to recover from a sharp drop in 1989, caused by a severe late April snowstorm, when it had recovered from a similar event in 1981. Methods Populations were censused weekly, with extra visits to ring adults and chicks. Hatching was assumed to have occurred if adults alarmed, and fledging if alarming continued for three weeks. Data from 1989–99 and 1979–88 were compared. Results The recruitment of new adults to the population was much lower, but these recruits mostly came from other breeding areas, and the local recruits appeared to go elsewhere. Median dispersal distance is estimated as 3.3 km, sufficient to take most locally produced young adults outside the study area. Conclusions We do not know if poorer breeding in the source populations for our birds, or poorer survival of first year birds over winter in West Africa, is the cause of the failure of this population to recover in the 1990s.
Exploring Chinese Poetry using Adobe Spark Video

This tutorial offers Chinese learners from lower-intermediate to advanced level a digital approach to exploring Chinese language and culture through poetry, using a free educational tool: Adobe Spark Video. Based on a multimodal (verbal, visual and textual) and transmedia (from abstract text to digital production) approach, it provides learners with a step-by-step guide to synchronising a selected Chinese poem with recorded recitation as well as corresponding images and music. Grounded in the concept of digitally mediated learning, this activity aims to enhance learners’ autonomy, creativity and participation in the process of foreign language acquisition (Hourigan & Murray). In following this process, learners will have the opportunity to improve not only precision in their reading, listening and speaking skills, but also their understanding of the aesthetics of Chinese literature. Such an approach is particularly relevant to the learning of Chinese, given that tone, prosody and melodic movements are considered distinctive and crucial in Chinese speech, notably in literary genres such as poetry, making poetry recitation an important cultural and pedagogical (though not often practised) aspect of studying the language. Furthermore, in producing an audio-visual illustration, learners are engaged in a process of cultural decoding and recoding linguistically and digitally, thus also deepening their understanding of Chinese cultural and historical traditions in which this poetry is embedded. While this tutorial makes its demonstration through a classical Chinese poem, ‘A Quatrain’ by Du Fu (712–770 ce), the digital tool and method can be applied to other types of Chinese literary text or to the learning of other languages and cultures. This tutorial can be used by learners independently for self-study or by teachers to complement other learning activities. It is adaptable for either university courses or non-accredited lifelong learning. The tutorial will explain the detailed technical process step by step and provides a demo video to showcase the product. It is recommended that the activity is further facilitated by input on the language and background of Chinese poetic traditions where appropriate.
Knowledge of, risk perception towards and reported preventive practices against Lassa fever among health workers in Ondo State, Nigeria

Background: Secondary transmission of Lassa fever has been recorded annually among healthcare workers who provided care. An outbreak of the disease in Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria in 2018, recorded high morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, risk perception, and preventive practices towards Lassa fever among healthcare workers. Methods: A health facility-based descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted involving senior members of staff randomly selected from the list of staff members. A structured pre-tested questionnaire was administered to 554 consenting respondents in 304 health facilities. Results: More than half of the respondents (317, 57.2%) are health workers in primary healthcare cadres. Although 444 (80.1%) knew the case definition for reporting, only 379 (68.4%) correctly indicated the reporting channel. Concerning risk perception, 174 (31.4%) rated their risk of contracting the disease in the workplace as high, and 309 (55.8%) indicated that hospitals' infection control policy is inadequate. Furthermore, only 76 (13.7%) of the respondents reported having modified their working habits for fear of being infected with Lassa fever three months before the study with 368 (66.4%) and 474 (85.6%) reported that they always use aprons and gloves respectively during treatment of patients. Conclusion: There is a need to strengthen the hospital infection control policy and train healthcare workers on reporting suspected cases.
Benefits and Lessons Learned from the Sentinel-3 Tandem Phase

During its commissioning phase, the Copernicus Sentinel-3B satellite has been placed in a tandem formation with Sentinel-3A for a period of 6 months. This configuration allowed a direct comparison of measurements obtained by the two satellites. The purpose of this paper was to present the range of analyses that can be performed from this dataset, highlighting methodology aspects and the main outcomes for each instrument. We examined, in turn, the benefit of the tandem in understanding instrument operational modes differences, in assessing inter-satellite differences, and in validating measurement uncertainties. The results highlighted the very good consistency of the Sentinel-3A and B instruments, ensuring the complete inter-operability of the constellation. Tandem comparisons also pave the way for further improvements through harmonization of the sensors (OLCI), correction of internal stray-light sources (SLSTR), or high-frequency processing of SRAL SARM data. This paper provided a comprehensive overview of the main results obtained, as well as insights into some of the results. Finally, we drew the main lessons learned from the Sentinel-3 tandem phase and provided recommendations for future missions.
Pattern of genetic isolation in the crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus within the Tuscan Archipelago (Mediterranean Sea)

The genetic connectivity level of the benthic crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus was assessed within the Tuscan Archipelago, an area between the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian Seas, Italy. The archipelago comprises 7 islands lying inside the largest marine protected area of the Medi terranean Sea. We genotyped a total of approximately 230 individuals from 8 populations (4 protected and 4 unprotected) at 8 microsatellites. Overall, our results showed a clear partitioning of genetic variation within this area; all populations were separated from one another, except the 2 southernmost islands. This genetic subdivision could be due to a ‘sweepstakes reproductive effect’ (i.e. only a small proportion of the available gene pool successfully contributes to the replenishment of each population). Furthermore, the lack of a pattern of isolation by distance, coupled with a low percentage of individuals assigned to their own populations, indicates that retention of larvae near the parent population is unlikely to be the main cause of the recorded genetic structure. However, we also found evidence of past demographic events in all populations, which may have played a pivotal role in shaping the recorded pattern of intraspecific differen tiation. Finally, we did not detect any difference in the level of genetic variation between populations that were protected (i.e. experiencing less human pressure) and those that were unprotected. This suggests that, from a genetic point of view, the effects of protection have not yet been demonstrated.
Research paper on physical activity and fitness patterns among university students in Mumbai

Due to the increase in the workload and the observable increase in the competition amongst the youth, the health and fitness of oneself are put as a secondary priority amongst them. This research was conducted to test this very reason and to check its validity. As not many studies are carried out on targeting this specific set of the population on this subject, this research was carried out to understand the physical activity patterns among university students and their perception towards the same. Descriptive research was carried out where a cross-sectional data on physical activity levels were collected (Self-reported data). The attitudes, motivations, demotivation, food consumption patterns, and the perception of them regarding their health and fitness were collected from the respondents. A sample of 122 was used where there were 63 women and 59 men. This study gathered quantitative data through structured questionnaires to understand each of the objectives. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data where the mean, median, mode, and standard deviation was calculated and a number of correlations were made using the same. It was found that respondents aging from 15-26 have low levels of physical activity. Moreover, when a comparison was made between males and females on their levels of physical activity, women were found to do easier levels of physical activity. The BMI was likewise determined, so as to discover the class of weights that individual’s fall into. While the vast majority expressed that practicing was imperative to them, they, despite everything neglected to work out for adequate hours per week. While individuals know and have the correct disposition towards working out, they have recently been unsuccessful when it came to really work out. At the point when it went to the reasons why individuals work out, the most well-known ones were to get fitter or more grounded or accomplish a positive inclination. Be that as it may, when it went to the demotivation of working out the most widely recognized reasons were the lack of time, energy, and inspiration to work out. Some different elements that were a consequence of individuals being overweight were their temptations/cravings to eat fast food. A greater part of the respondents said that they expended cheap food in any event 2-3 times per day. 15-26 years old have busy lifestyles and hence are much harder to reach. A targeted intervention could be carried out in order to educate people about the importance of the physical activity.
Structural, and Optical Properties of Zinc Blende and Wurtzite Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) Using Density Functional Theory

Zinc blende (zb) and wurtzite (wz) structure of cadmium sulfide (CdS) are analyzed using density functional theory within local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximation (GGA), Hubbard correction (GGA+U), and hybrid functional approximation (PBE0 or HSE06). To assure the accuracy of calculation, the convergence test of total energy with respect to energy cutoff and k-point sampling is performed. )e relaxed atomic position for the CdS in zb and wz structure is obtained by using total energy and force minimization method following the Hellmann–Feynman approach. )e structural optimization and electronic band structure properties of CdS are investigated. Analysis of the results shows that LDA andGGAunderestimate the bandgap due to their poor approximation of exchange-correlation functional. However, the Hubbard correction to GGA and the hybrid functional approximation give a good bandgap value which is comparable to the experimental result. Moreover, the optical properties such as real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, the absorption coefficient, and the energy loss function of CdS are determined.
Towards a sociomaterial approach to inter-organizational boundaries: How information systems elicit relevant knowledge in government outsourcing

This article furthers a sociomaterial framework to examine inter-organizational boundaries in government IT projects. It engages in a dialogue with the practice theory-based approach to boundary spanning and utilizes analytical tools and epistemologies drawn from the social studies of technology. It aims to contribute to a situated, material understanding of inter-organizational boundaries. We argue that boundaries in outsourcing relationships can be de facto enacted through definitions of what counts as relevant knowledge. Information systems have a key role in eliciting such definitions, thus establishing knowledge asymmetries and regimes of inclusion and exclusion. The article responds to the call to value the role of artefacts in IT research. Furthermore, it eventually shows that understanding knowledge asymmetries triggered at the micro-level of information systems can help to examine macro-scale transformations between the public and the private sectors. To illustrate the framework, two ethnographic case studies of governmental IT projects are discussed. The first case concerns a permit and licence submission service in Italy. The second case analyses a 20-year-long database integration carried on at the Dutch land registry. In the first case, information systems made relevant a form of knowledge developed by contractors; in the second case, the integration process valued knowledge developed in-house. Three sets of implications are drawn for the theory and practice of inter-organizational IT projects. To conclude, the article focuses on inter-organizational boundaries involving the public and the private sectors and foresees a novel interdisciplinary research direction at the confluence of information systems and political studies.
COMPONENT FATTY ACIDS AND ALCOHOLS OF EUPHAUSIA SUPERBA LIPID BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Euphausia superba, got from the stomach of antarctic finback whale, was submitted to freez-drying and thoroughly extracted first with ether and then five times with boiling 95% alcohol. Each fraction thus obtained was further fractionated into acetone soluble and insoluble fractions respectively as shown in Fig. 1, their yields and properties being shown in Table 1. Fatty acid constituents were assayed as methyl ester and unsaponifiable as acetyl-derivative. Experimental conditions and results obtained are shown in Table 2, and Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The results indicate that Euphausia superba contains on dry basis 19.4% lipid of which 5.53% is unsaponifiable matter. This lipid contains, besides C14 and C16 saturated alcohols and C18 and C20 unsaturated acohols, relatively high amounts of CF120, CF5 or 020, CF122, CF323, and CF622 fatty acids which have not ever been reported.
Maximum likelihood estimation of genetic parameters in life-history studies using the animal model

1. Restricted maximum likelihood using the «Animal Model» (REML) and least squares (LS) analyses of a quantitative genetic study of life-history traits are compared. The REML method is considered generally superior although the advantages are not great if the data analysed come from nearly balanced one-generation designs. 2. Although in the analysis of several traits multivariate analysis is desirable it did not prove practicable because of its computational demands
Enabling orientation for the blind by means of mobile guides

I propose an investigation on location sensing and multimodal output for aiding blinds in mobility and orientation. The aim of my thesis is the design and evaluation of a compact and cost-effective configuration based on a consumer PDA with little custom hardware. The results of the performed tests will allow to define a set of guidelines to enhance the future generation of mobile devices with sensors and actuators.
ON THE JOINT EXPLOITATION OF OPTICAL AND SAR SATELLITE IMAGERY FOR GRASSLAND MONITORING

Abstract. Time series of optical and Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) images provide complementary knowledge about the cover and use of the Earth surface since they exhibit information of distinct physical nature. They have proved to be particularly relevant for monitoring large areas with high temporal dynamics and related to significant ecosystem services. Grasslands are such crucial surfaces, both in terms of economic and environmental issues and the automatic and frequent monitoring of their agricultural practices is required for many purposes. To address this problem, the deep-based SenDVI framework is presented. SenDVI proposes an object-based methodology to estimate NDVI values from Sentinel-1 SAR observations and contextual knowledge (weather, terrain). Values are regressed every 6 days for compliance with monitoring purposes. Very satisfactory results are obtained with this low-level multimodal fusion strategy (R2 = 0.84 on a Sentinel-2 tile). Finer analysis is however required to fully assess the relevance of each modality (Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, weather, terrain) and feature sets and to propose the simplest conceivable framework. Results show that not all features are necessary and can be discarded while others have a mandatory contribution to the regression task. Moreover, experiments prove that accuracy can be improved by not saturating the network with non-essential information (among contextual knowledge in particular). This allows to move towards more operational solution.
Cost of Software Design Diversity-A Case Study

This paper analyzes data related to working hours that have been recorded over seven years, during the development of a real-life software system. The software under consideration is composed of two diverse (dissimilar) units, called variants. The second variant is used for self-checking. The results of the two variants are compared: in case of agreement, the outputs of the principal variant are transmitted and in case of discrepancy an error is reported. For each development phase, we evaluate the cost overhead induced by the development of the second variant with respect to the cost of the principal variant, considered as a reference. The results show that the cost overhead varies from 25 % to 134 % according to the development phase.
INFLUENCE OF ROOTING MEDIA AND INDOLE-3-BUTYRIC ACID (IBA) CONCENTRATION ON ROOTING AND GROWTH OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONOCARPUS ERECTUS L. STEM CUTTINGS

The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of rooting media (clay, peat moss + sand, peat moss + perlite and vermiculite), cutting types (tip, middle and basal) and different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (control, 50, 100 and 200 ppm IBA) on the rooting and growth of Conocarpus erectus L. stem cuttings. The experiment was laid out in a split-split-plot design, with three replicates. The obtained results showed that vermiculite was the best rooting medium used for improving the rooting percentage, root number, root length, stem length, branch number and leaf number per rooted cutting, followed by peat + perlite (1:1 in v/v) and peat + sand (1:1 in v/v), respectively comparing with clay soil which recorded the lowest values. The tip cutting was superior to the middle and basal ones in all rooting media used, especially in vermiculite medium. Among IBA concentrations used, cuttings treated with IBA at 100 ppm produced significantly better rooting (42.9%) than 50 ppm (36.3%), 200 ppm (36.0%) and untreated cuttings (23.1%). The greatest rooting percentage (95.0%) and the best root and growth characteristics as well as the highest endogenous contents of phenols, indole acetic acid (IAA) and the lowest abscisic acid (ABA) contents were obtained from tip cuttings treated with IBA at 100 ppm and planted in vermiculite substrate. Moreover, the combined treatment of 100 ppm IBA and vermiculite substrate significantly improved the rooting percentage, root and growth measurements of middle and basal cuttings as well as gave the highest C/N ratio in basal cutting tissues compared to the same cutting types combined with the other rooting media and IBA concentrations. Hence, it could be recommended to treat the different types of C. erectus stem cuttings with IBA at 100 ppm and planting in vermiculite medium for improving rooting, quality and growth of cuttings.