Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
School formation characteristics and stimuli based modeling of tetra fish

Self-organizing motion is an important yet inadequately understood phenomena in the field of collective behavior. For birds flocks, insect swarms, and fish schools, group behavior can provide a mechanism for defense against predators, better foraging and mating capabilities and increased hydro/aerodynamic efficiency in long-distance migration events. Although collective motion has received much scientific attention, more work is required to model and understand the mechanisms responsible for school initiation and formation, and information transfer within these groups. Here we investigate schooling of black tetra (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi) fish triggered by startle stimuli in the form of approaching objects. High-speed video and tagging techniques were used to track the school and individual members. We then measured several variables including reaction times, group formation shapes, fish velocity, group density, and leadership within the group. These data reveal three things: (1) information propagates through the group as a wave, indicating that each fish is not reacting individually to the stimulus, (2) the time taken for information to transfer across the group is independent of group density, and (3) information propagates across large groups faster than would be expected if the fish were simply responding to the motion of their nearest neighbor. A model was then built wherein simulated fish have a simple ‘stimuli/escape’ vector based on a hypothetical field of vision. The model was used to simulate a group of individual fish with initial conditions, size, and stimuli similar to the biological experiments. The model revealed similar behavior to the biological experiments and provide insights into the observed patterns, response times, and wave speeds.
Physiological tests and bioassays: aids or superfluities to the diagnosis of phytoplankton nutrient limitation? A comparative study in the Broads and the Meres of England

Relationships between phytoplankton growth and supplies of phosphorus and nitrogen have been variously investigated in three lakes in two contrasted English lake areas using physiological nutrient indices (alkaline phosphatase activity, phosphorus debt, surplus phosphorus, phosphorus uptake kinetics, dark ammonium uptake, ammonium uptake kinetics, stimulation of 14C uptake, and batch bioassay) and by inspection of water chemistry. None of the lakes was significantly affected by wastewater effluent but all lay in agricultural catchments. Physiological indices and water chemistry suggested limitation of phytoplankton biomass mostly by phosphorus, and to some extent by nitrogen in summer in North Ormesby Broad, by nitrogen in summer and to some extent by phosphorus in Lily Broad and by nitrogen in White Mere. Indices did not always accord with one another, though were not severely misleading. They added little to conclusions that could be drawn from water chemistry alone. Reasons for the differential relativ.
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for People with Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

(1) Background: There is increasing interest in the practice of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) to treat people with schizophrenia, as evidenced by the publication of different randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, no meta-analysis of RCTs has been carried out to date with the exclusive inclusion of this type of interventions. (2) Objective: To analyze empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of MBIs for the improvement of clinical parameters associated with schizophrenia. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted of RCTs published in the databases PsycINFO, PubMed, WOS, and Cochrane Library. (3) Results: A total of 10 articles (n = 1094) fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the review. The analysis of these studies suggests that MBIs combined with standard interventions are able to generate significant improvements in a variety of clinical schizophrenia-related parameters, such as the intensity of overall symptomatology (g = 0.72), positive symptoms (g = 0.32), negative symptoms (g = 0.40), functioning level (g = 1.28), and awareness of illness (g = 0.65). (4) Conclusions: There is evidence that supports the effectiveness and safety of MBIs for the treatment of people with schizophrenia. The results obtained by MBIs are comparable to those obtained by cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis. However, given the heterogeneity of the applied interventions and the methodological limitations found in the reviewed trials, the results should be interpreted with caution.
Fledging Success is a Poor Indicator of the Effects of Bird Blow Flies on Ovenbird Survival

Abstract. Infestations of bird blow flies (Protocalliphora spp. and Trypocalliphora braueri) have various negative effects on the condition of nestling birds. In the absence of other stressors such as inclement weather, however, infestation alone rarely reduces fledging success. Previous studies have documented effects of blow flies on nestling condition and fledging success. Without information regarding fledgling survival, the full effect of blow-fly infestation remains unclear. To fully investigate the effect of blow-fly infestation on reproductive success of the Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla), we monitored infested and non-infested nests and monitored fledglings from each by using radio telemetry. Blow flies did not affect birds during the nestling period, as brood size, mean nestling mass, fledging success, and time to fledging in infested and non-infested nests were no different. Fledgling survival and minimum distance traveled the first day after fledging, however, were significantly lower for infected fledglings than for those that were not infected. We conclude that the stress of the early fledgling period combined with recent or concurrent blow-fly infection increases mortality in young Oven-birds. Our results demonstrate the importance of including the post-fledging period in investigations of the effects of ectoparasitic infestations on birds.
Let’s make it better: An updated model interpreting international student satisfaction in China based on PLS-SEM approach

Research studying into student satisfaction has been developing in the light of customer satisfaction theory which considers perceived value and quality as important predictors of student satisfaction. But the importance of value co-creation is very much overlooked. Hence this study intends to examine the relationship between perceived value, perceived quality, value co-creation, student satisfaction, complaint and loyalty to give a picture of how perceived value, perceived quality and value co-creation are important predictors of student satisfaction. Partial least square structural equation modelling is adopted to analyse responses from a survey of international students in a Chinese university. Results indicate that perceived value, perceived quality and value co-creation are determinants of student satisfaction which positively influences loyalty and negatively influences complaint. Finally, the research notes that more resources should be dedicated to engaging international students to participate in on-campus management and service work to improve international student studying experience.
An innovative strategy for control of fungus gnats using entomopathogenic nematodes alone or in combination with waterlogging

Abstract Chive gnat (Bradysia odoriphaga) is a soil-borne pest of Chinese chives, which causes millions of dollars in yield losses per year. Traditional methods, such as chemical pesticides leave detrimental chemical residues on plants, which potentially threaten human health. To find a sustainable method of reducing the chive gnat, the authors evaluated the effects of waterlogging and the addition of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) on reducing chive gnat in Chinese chives via three pot experiments and one field demonstration. Results indicated that increasing the duration of waterlogging markedly increases chive gnat mortality. The presence of EPN also caused chive gnat mortality to increase with exposure time. Most importantly, the combination of waterlogging and EPN had synergistic effects on chive gnat mortality; the combination led to higher mortality than using waterlogging and EPN alone. The study demonstrated that a combination of two environmental friendly methods of fungus gnat control could lead to synergistic effects, which may provide novel approaches to economic and environmentally sustainable pest management measures.
Spawning Biology of Gerresjilamentosus Cuvier in the Cochin Estuary

The maturation and spawning of Gerres filamentosus Cuvier in the Cochin estuary was studied from January to December 1980. The spawning season extends from October to February. Relatively high Gondosomatic index values were observed from October to February. The fully ripe ovary is characterised with three batches of matured eggs which are not sharply differentiated among themselves and hence it is inferred that they may spawn in three successive batches within the same prolonged spawning season itself. Size at first maturity of males and females were respectively 117 and 118 mm SL. The sex ratio was significantly different in January, March, June and November andthe mean ratio of males to females were 1:11.39. Fecundity of the species varied from 64,278 to 3,87,576 eggs.
Epitope Selection for Fighting Visceral Leishmaniosis: Not All Peptides Function the Same Way

Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum is a disease with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Treatments are expensive, toxic, and ineffective. Therefore, vaccination seems to be a promising approach to control VL. Peptide-based vaccination is a useful method due to its stability, absence of local side effects, and ease of scaling up. In this context, bioinformatics seems to facilitate the use of peptides, as this analysis can predict high binding affinity epitopes to MHC class I and II molecules of different species. We have recently reported the use of HisAK70 DNA immunization in mice to induce a resistant phenotype against L. major, L. infantum, and L. amazonensis infections. In the present study, we used bioinformatics tools to select promising multiepitope peptides (HisDTC and AK) from the polyprotein encoded in the HisAK70 DNA to evaluate their immunogenicity in the murine model of VL by L. infantum. Our results revealed that both multiepitope peptides were able to induce the control of VL in mice. Furthermore, HisDTC was able to induce a better cell-mediated immune response in terms of reduced parasite burden, protective cytokine profile, leishmanicidal enzyme modulation, and specific IgG2a isotype production in immunized mice, before and after infectious challenge. Overall, this study indicates that the HisDTC chimera may be considered a satisfactory tool to control VL because it is able to activate a potent CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell protective immune responses.
Physical and Physiological Monitoring on Red Palm Weevil-Infested Oil Palms

The red palm weevil (RPW) is a stem boring Coleoptera that decimates host palm trees from within. The challenge of managing this pest is due to a lack of physical symptoms during the early stages of infestation. Investigating the physiological changes that occur within RPW-infested palm trees may be useful in establishing a new approach in RPW detection. In this study, the effects of RPW infestation were investigated in Elaeis guineensis by observing changes in physical and physiological parameters during the progress of infestation by visual inspection and the comparison of growth, gas exchange, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content between the non-infested control, physically wounded, and RPW-infested E. guineensis groups. During the study period, four distinct levels of physical infestation were observed and recorded. The RPW-infested group displayed significantly lower maximum photosynthesis activity (Amax) starting from the third week post-infestation. However, growth in terms of change in plant height and stem circumference, leaves’ stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content were not significantly different between the three groups during the duration of the study. The significant drop in photosynthesis was observed one week before physical changes appeared. This suggests the promising utilisation of photosynthesis activity as a signal for detecting RPW infestation at the early stage of attacks, which could be useful for integration in integrated pest management (IPM).
Telomerase and CD4 T Cell Immunity in Cancer

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is a conserved self-tumor antigen which is overexpressed in most tumors and plays a critical role in tumor formation and progression. As such, TERT is an antigen of great relevance to develop widely applicable immunotherapies. CD4 T cells play a major role in the anti-cancer response alone or with other effector cells such as CD8 T cells and NK cells. To date, efforts have been made to identify TERT peptides capable of stimulating CD4 T cells that are also able to bind diverse MHC-II alleles to ease immune status monitoring and immunotherapies. Here, we review the current status of TERT biology, TERT/MHC-II immunobiology, and past and current vaccine clinical trials. We propose that monitoring CD4 T cell immunity against TERT is a simple and direct way to assess immune surveillance in cancer patients and a new way to predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi). Finally, we present the initial results of a systematic discovery of TERT peptides able to bind the most common HLA Class II alleles worldwide and show that the repertoire of MHC-II TERT peptides is wider than currently appreciated.
Crossover from Ferroelectric to Relaxor Behavior in Ba1−xCaxTiO3 (x = 0.17) System

The dielectric properties of Ba1−xCaxTiO3 (x = 0.17) ceramics were studied in a wide frequency range of 20 Hz–53 GHz. Diffused ferroelectric phase transition was revealed close to 339 K in the dielectric properties of ceramics. The behaviour of distributions of relaxation times in vicinity of the ferroelectric phase transition temperature is also typical for order-disorder ferroelectric phase transition. However, at lower temperatures (below 200 K), the most probable relaxation increased according to the Arrhenius law. At lower temperatures the maximum of the imaginary part of dielectric permittivity versus temperature strongly shifted to higher temperatures when the frequency increased (from 125 K at 1.21 kHz to 300 K at 33 GHz). This behaviour was attributed to the dynamics of Ti ions. The origin of the crossover from ferroelectric to relaxor behaviour of Ba1−xCaxTiO3 (x = 0.17) ceramics is discussed in the paper.
Speech intelligibility of Parkinson’s disease patients evaluated by different groups of healthcare professionals and naïve listeners

Abstract Introduction Speech intelligibility, how well a listener comprehends the speaker’s message, is related to the listener’ expertise and type of the message conveyed. There is no evidence about speech intelligibility in different groups of healthcare professionals and naïve listeners. Objectives This study is the first to understand if there were differences in the speech intelligibility of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients by different experienced and naïve listeners, according to the speech stimuli and dysarthria severity. Materials and methods Randomly digitised audio-files (50 words and 50 sentences) of 10 PD patients, one without dysarthria and 9 with different dysarthria severities (3 each: mild, moderate and severe dysarthria), were collected from a database of 60 PD patients’ audio-files. A jury panel was formed by five different listeners groups including 10 speech and language therapists, 10 neurologists, 10 PD relatives, 12 PD patients, and 10 people from the general population. The jury panel transcribed single words and sentences from the audio recordings, the percentage correctly understood was calculated and the results were compared between the groups. Results Multiple comparisons showed significant speech intelligibility differences between healthcare professionals and naïve listerners in words (highest effect size, η2 = 0.7) and sentences (the highest effect size: η2 = 0.6). Pairwise comparisons revealed that those significant differences were specifically in words with moderate and severe dysarthria and sentences with all severity levels of dysarthria. Conclusion The groups of healthcare professionals who work with dysarthria are more likely to understand the PD patients’ speech than the groups of naïve listeners.
Plant functional trait responses to grassland succession over 25 years

Abstract Many grasslands and arable fields have been abandoned in Europe in the last decades. So far, however, ecologists have not been able to establish one general, unifying theory for successionally induced changes in species composition following abandonment. In fact, the course of succession seems to be unique for each site and year. Here we focused on the analysis of plant functional traits in order to detect general trends in trait responses to succession which would prove independent of site characteristics. We studied permanent plot series of 14 grassland sites in SW Germany that had been abandoned for 25 yr. Species composition as well as the course of succession varied significantly among the grasslands. Response to succession was analysed for the following traits: ‘plant height’, ‘canopy structure’, ‘specific leaf area’ (SLA), ‘storage organ’, ‘vegetative spread’, ‘plant persistence’, ‘seed bank longevity’, ‘start of flowering’, ‘duration of flowering’ and ‘seed mass’. We compared a univariate with a multivariate approach. In the univariate approach, attributes of each trait were analysed separately employing GLM whereas in the multivariate approach all traits were handled together in NMS. Both analyses indicated similar trait responses to succession. There was a significant increase in the proportion of species characterized by the following attributes: plant height > 0.6 m, leaves distributed regularly along the stem, vegetative spread > 100 mm, start of flowering later than May, duration of flowering 1–2 months and seeds of either low or high mass. Abbreviations: GLM = General Linear Model; NMS = Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling. Nomenclature: vegetation types according to Rennwald (2000).
Inhibition of impulsive action by projection-defined prefrontal pyramidal neurons

Significance The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has long been recognized as a crucial region for suppressing impulsive behavior, but the specific neurons mediating the effect remained elusive. Using projection-specific labeling of PFC neurons for imaging and optogenetic manipulation in mice performing a go/no-go task, we showed that the subset of layer 5 pyramidal neurons projecting to the subthalamic nucleus, but not those projecting to the lateral hypothalamus or visual cortex, play a critical role in inhibiting impulsive responses. Our demonstration of a distinct functional property of a projection-defined PFC pyramidal neuron population provides an important entry point for delineating the PFC circuit underlying impulse control. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a critical role in curbing impulsive behavior, but the underlying circuit mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here we show that a subset of dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) layer 5 pyramidal neurons, which project to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) of the basal ganglia, play a key role in inhibiting impulsive responses in a go/no-go task. Projection-specific labeling and calcium imaging showed that the great majority of STN-projecting neurons were preferentially active in no-go trials when the mouse successfully withheld licking responses, but lateral hypothalamus (LH)-projecting neurons were more active in go trials with licking; visual cortex (V1)-projecting neurons showed only weak task-related activity. Optogenetic activation and inactivation of STN-projecting neurons reduced and increased inappropriate licking, respectively, partly through their direct innervation of the STN, but manipulating LH-projecting neurons had the opposite effects. These results identify a projection-defined subtype of PFC pyramidal neurons as key mediators of impulse control.
Survival and growth of the forage grass Festuca rubra in naturally and artificially devegetated sites in a sub-arctic coastal marsh

ABSTRACT Festuca rubra is an abundant supratidal grass on sub-arctic James Bay (Canada) shorelines, forming extensive near-monocultures that are used as forage by nesting and migrating geese. Studies at other, more northern North American locations have shown grubbing by geese can have severe consequences for intertidal and supratidal marshes, but these studies have focussed on plant communities that differ substantially in species composition, physical environment, and extent from James Bay's Festuca meadows. In this study, we examined the responses of this grass to natural and simulated goose grubbing in Festuca swards heavily used by lesser snow geese, Canada geese, and brant at Akimiski Island in James Bay. We transplanted Festuca into plots previously devegetated by geese, into plots where we removed vegetation to simulate goose grubbing, and into intact vegetation (controls). We found shoots transplanted into control and artificially grubbed plots survived well, but those transplanted into previously devegetated areas usually died. Growth initially was reduced in naturally devegetated sites, but the few survivors in the following year performed as well as plants transplanted into intact or artificially grubbed sites. Spot measurements suggested that naturally devegetated sites suffered from degraded soil conditions, such as hypersalinity and increased temperature. These results provide evidence that recovery of Festuca swards following loss of vegetation is likely to be difficult, probably as a result of deteriorating soil conditions. Models of goose–plant interactions developed at substantially more northern sites thus seem applicable to the significantly different plant communities of the James Bay shoreline.
Computed Histological Quantification of Atherosclerotic Plaque Microcalcifications

Inflammation has a central role in atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture. Intense macrophage inflammatory activity results in microcalcifications which are strongly associated with plaque vulnerability. Microcalcifications with specific critical size between 5 and 65 μ, located in the fibrous cap producing local mechanical stress on the plaque surface and may directly contribute to plaque rupture. Hence, accurate assessment of microcalcifications size and dimension has significant clinical importance. Current invasive and noninvasive plaque imaging has limited spatial resolution which limits accurate definition of microcalcifications in the atherosclerotic plaques. We describe a new imaging technique with high spatial resolution, based on confocal microscopic analysis, using a dedicated software which allows automatic characterization of microcalcifications and quantitative assessment of their extent and localization.