Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact force of ellipsoidal droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces

Although wind turbine technology has emerged as an important renewable energy source, the unpredictable operating environment poses significant challenges in normal operation. Rain and hailstorm cause erosion on the leading edge of the Wind Turbine Blades (WTBs). As WTB get eroded, its performance diminishes and frequent repairs raise maintenance costs. The impact dynamics of non-spherical water droplets on a solid surface are investigated numerically in the present study. The finite volume method is utilized to solve the Navier-stokes equation and continuity equation, while the interface is accurately tracked through the implementation of the geometric Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. The effect of droplet morphology on the impact force is analyzed. Results show that the peak impact force increases with increasing aspect ratio at fixed Weber number. A correlation for dimensionless peak impact force based on aspect ratio is proposed. The maximum impact force obtained in this study can aid in the decision-making during the design and material selection of WTBs.
FIRST EARLY JURASSIC SMALL ORNITHISCHIAN TRACKS FROM YUNNAN PROVINCE, SOUTHWESTERN CHINA

Abstract: In 2015, a group of small predominantly tridactyl tracks was discovered in the lower Shawan Member of the Lufeng Formation during an expedition to the Dalishu area, Lufeng County, Yunnan Province, China. The tracks are attributable to Anomoepus, and although mostly tridactyl, they include a few examples with characteristic tetradactyl morphology. Although considered a characteristic index ichnotaxon of a footprint-based Lower Jurassic biochron, Anomoepus has often been overlooked in assemblages dominated by theropod tracks. This is one of the earliest Anomoepus records from the Jurassic of China, and the fifth report of Anomoepus from China at all. To date, four reports represent sites inferred to be Lower or Middle Jurassic in age, with one dated as Upper Jurassic. It is an important component of Early Jurassic ichnofaunas because it points to the presence of ornithischian trackmakers, which are often rare or missing in the local skeletal faunas (Lufengosaurus faunas).
Exploring the Viability and Acceptance of Nudge in Public Policies for Health Promotion

Background: Behaviorally informed interventions, such as nudging, encourage actions intended to promote longer and healthier lives. Holding significant potential for influencing health policies and healthcare practices, these interventions are partaking of a shift in governance and public health policymaking. However, a substantial knowledge gap remains regarding the feasibility and appropriateness of implementing policies that draw on nudge. Methods: Ae survey on nudge’s acceptability) was adapted to the Portuguese context to access attitudes towards 16 nudge measures. The research focused on evaluating attitudes among political science and public administration BSc and MSc students from nine Portuguese universities, and analyzing the relationship between these attitudes, sociodemographic characteristics, and sociopolitical attitudes. The data analysis involved the application of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The participants exhibited a moderate-to-high level of approval for various nudge measures, particularly those related to nutrition and public education/awareness raising. The study identified a nuanced relationship between the level of intrusiveness of nudges and their public approval, indicating that interventions preserving the architecture of choice gathered higher acceptance compared to more intrusive approaches. Notably, approval was associated with a high level of trust in social groups and a low propensity for risk-taking and alcohol consumption. Conclusions: This study not only sheds light on the types of nudge measures that are likely to be more acceptable for promoting healthy behaviors, but also establishes a crucial link between behavioral interventions and healthcare policies. Understanding the nuanced factors influencing the public acceptance of nudges contributes to the discourse on the implementation of behaviorally informed health policies and emphasizes the importance of tailoring interventions to align with public values and preferences.
Design of a Compact and Minimalistic Intermediate Phase Shifting Feed Network for Ka-Band Electrical Beam Steering

Intermediate phase shifting is a footprint- and cost-reduction technique for reconfigurable feed networks. These feed networks are utilized in antenna arrays to perform electrical beam steering. In intermediate phase shifting, a phase shifter is shared between two adjacent antennas. Conventionally, antennas only have individual phase shifters. With shared phase shifters, we reduce the number of components and the footprint by 25%. Consequently, this decreases the price and enables designs at millimeter-wave frequencies where space is limited due to frequency-dependent antenna spacing. This intermediate phase shifting is demonstrated by designing a reconfigurable feed network for the Ka-band that generates a continuous phase shift profile for beam steering. Due to the use of varactors and a novel biasing method, it does not require expensive beamformer integrated chips or lumped components for biasing. The feed network is combined with a 4 × 4 antenna array to demonstrate its beam-steering capabilities. The result is a high-density and minimalistic design that fits in a small volume of 25.6 × 25.6 × 0.95 mm3. With this small antenna array, the main beam is steered at ±40∘ broadside, providing full 1D and restricted 2D steering. It is a potential candidate for wireless sensor and mobile networks.
Die Möglichkeiten von GIS bei der Beurteilung der Steinschlaggefahr im alpinen Bereich : mit 7 Figuren und 5 Tabellen

Le nouveau procede crap decrit dans ce travail, delimite, par premisse de pentes determinees, les zones menacees de chute de pierre. La reduction du trajet de chute resultant de la perte d'energie des pierres chutantes est comprise dans le procede, base sur le systeme GIS. Cette diminution de chemin peut etre causee d'une part par l'amortissement et les frottements de la surface rugueuse du sol, d'autre part par le changement abrupt de la trajectoire de chute. Les donnees topographiques proviennent du modele digital de denivellation DHM25, une carte geologique et geomorphologique revelant les zones de fissures, les parametres concernant le sol et la foret sur une carte de points 1:25'000. La comparaison de la carte obtenue par le procede crap et d'une carte de dangers de chute de pierre relevee dans le site de test montre que 83% des zones sont assignees correctement aux deux classes: chutes des pierres et aucune chute de pierres. La majorite des sites dangereux est reconnue par le programme automatique. Ainsi un jugement rapide recouvrant la surface de cartes topographiques est possible a l'aide de cette methode. Le modele presente est donc approprie pour creer des cartes de dangers a l'echelle 1:10'000 a 1:25'000 delimitant les zones de dangers de chutes de pierres.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Frailty Among Older Adults Living With HIV Compared to Their Uninfected Peers From the Kenyan Coast

Objectives: a) To document the prevalence and correlates of frailty among older adults living with HIV (OALWH) and their uninfected peers, and b) Investigate HIV status as an independent predictor of frailty. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2020 and 2021 at the Kenyan coast among 440 older adults aged ≥50 years (257 OALWH). Frailty was assessed using the Reported Edmonton Frail Scale. Logistic regression was used to examine the correlates of frailty. Results: The prevalence of frailty was significantly higher among OALWH (24%) than their uninfected peers (13%). HIV seropositivity was not independently associated with frailty. Sleeping difficulties, ageism, higher waist/hip ratio, visiting traditional healers, HIV treatment change/interruption, prolonged illness following HIV diagnosis, and self-reported diabetes were significantly associated with higher odds of frailty. Residing in larger households, having higher income, having friends, being male and light physical activities were significantly associated with reduced odds of frailty. Conclusion: The prevalence of frailty is elevated among OALWH; however, factors other than HIV are predominant, particularly psychosocial factors. Multicomponent interventions are needed to prevent/delay and manage frailty in this setting.
Genetic Markers Associated with Postpartum Depression: A Review

Abstract Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common illness in mothers after childbirth. PPD negatively affect the mother’s quality of life and the bond with the infant, which can interfere with the infant’s emotional, social, and cognitive development. PPD is caused by various biological and psychosocial factors. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest evidence of the associations between genetic polymorphisms and PPD. PubMed and Scopus were used as the literature search databases for this review. The keywords used were postpartum depression, postnatal depression, genetic, and polymorphism. Twenty-seven articles were reviewed after screening and applying the inclusion criteria. As results, the serotonin gene (5-HTTLPR) and oxytocin genes (OXTR) have the most significant associations with PPD among other genes. Further research on PPD biomarkers should be conducted to diagnose and treat PPD patients.
Late Paleozoic sandstones of the Illinois Basin.

The sandstones of the Pennsylvanian and late Mississippian sediments are one of the distinguishing characteristics of the late Paleozoic fill of the Illinois Basin. These sandstones are discussed in terms of sand-body shape, petrology, texture, and sedimentary structures. Detailed subsurface maps of local sandstone thickness, detailed outcrop maps, and seven regional maps of sandstone thickness are presented. Maps of Pennsylvanian sandstones were made of three intervalsfrom the Herrin (No. 6) Coal Member to the Harrisburg (No. 5) Coal Member, from the Harrisburg (No. 5) Coal Member to the Summum (No. 4) Coal Member, and from the Colchester (No. 2) Coal Member to the Davis Coal Member. Maps of Chesterian sandstones include the sandstones in the Degonia, Palestine, Waltersburg, and Hardinsburg Formations. The local and regional maps contributed to the better understanding and solution of many problems associated with the sandstones. These problems include the origin of multistory sand bodies, the relationship between internal directional properties and direction of elongation of sand bodies, compaction around elongate sand bodies, and the recognition of the complexity of sand deposition. A recurring dispersal system supplied most of the sand and mud during late Mississippian and Pennsylvanian time. The essential feature of this system was a large river that brought the sediments to a coastal plain and a shallow marine shelf. Depending upon magnitude of sand input and extent of marine transgression or regression, the sand formed 1) dendritic patterns, 2) complex braided patterns, 3) deltas, and 4) isolated, relatively straight, elongate bodies largely of marine origin. The orientation of these sand bodies, both marine and nonmarine, was controlled by a regional slope that usually dipped gently to the southwest. Areas of thick sand deposition were generally localized by persistent weakly negative areas within the basin. A depositional model for the late Paleozoic Illinois Basin, emphasizing basin geometry, lithic fill , arrangement of the fill, current system, and tectonic setting, summarizes the salient features of late Paleozoic sedimentation and facilitates the appli· cation of this information to the exploration of similar basins elsewhere.
Childbirth Self-Efficacy and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia, 2023: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Childbirth self-efficacy is a pregnant women's perception of their ability to cope with labor stress. Low childbirth self-efficacy is linked to pain intolerance and poor labor progression, which increase the possibility of operative delivery. However, Ethiopia has limited data. So, the aim of this study was to assess childbirth self-efficacy and its factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public health facilities in Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia, in 2023. Objective To assess childbirth self-efficacy and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public health facilities in Arba Minch town, Southern Ethiopia, in 2023. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 416 women from January 1 to January 30, 2023. A systematic random sampling technique was employed. Data were collected by KoboToolbox through face-to-face interviews using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Modified short-form childbirth self-efficacy inventory was used to score self-efficacy. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 27, was used for data management and analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each variable, and a logistic model was used. Statistical significance was determined at a p value of less than 0.05 and 95% confidence level. Results A total of 416 pregnant women participated in the study. Two hundred twenty-eight (54.8%) of the pregnant women had low childbirth self-efficacy. Age group in ≤24 years (AOR = 3.80, 95% CI: 1.82-8), primigravida (AOR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.10-2.86), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.02-2.70), poor social support (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.09-4.30), having anxiety (AOR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.10-3.64), having poor knowledge of childbirth (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 2.09-5.39), and severe fear of childbirth (AOR = 6.40, 95% CI: 2.60-9.80) were statistically significant with low childbirth self-efficacy. Conclusions The magnitude of low childbirth self-efficacy was high in the study area. Being primigravida, unplanned pregnancy, age ≤ 24 years, severe fear of childbirth, anxiety, poor social support, and poor knowledge were significantly associated with low childbirth self-efficacy. Therefore, giving special attention to these factors during antenatal care would be important.
Case Study Application of an Ethical Decision-Making Process for a Fragility Hip Fracture Patient

In Canada, up to 32,000 older adults experience a fragility hip fracture. In Ontario, the Ministry of Health and Long Term Care has implemented strategies to reduce surgical wait times and improve outcomes in target areas. These best practice standards advocate for immediate surgical repair, within 48 hours of admission, in order to achieve optimal recovery outcomes. The majority of patients are good candidates for surgical repair; however, for some patients, given the risks of anesthetic and trauma of the operative procedure, surgery may not be the best choice. Patients and families face a difficult and hurried decision, often with no time to voice their concerns, or with little-to-no information on which to guide their choice. Similarly, health-care providers may experience moral distress or hesitancy to articulate other options, such as palliative care. Is every fragility fracture a candidate for surgery, no matter what the outcome? When is it right to discuss other options with the patient? This article examines a case study via an application of a framework for ethical decision-making.
Statistical methods for high dimensional count and compositional data with applications to microbiome studies

STATISTICAL METHODS FOR HIGH DIMENSIONAL COUNT AND COMPOSITIONAL DATA WITH APPLICATIONS TO MICROBIOME STUDIES Yuanpei Cao Hongzhe Li Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies make the studies of microbiomes in very largescale possible without cultivation in vitro. One approach to sequencing-based microbiome studies is to sequence specific genes (often the 16S rRNA gene) to produce a profile of diversity of bacterial taxa. Alternatively, the NGS-based sequencing strategy, also called shotgun metagenomics, provides further insights at the molecular level, such as species/strain quantification, gene function analysis and association studies. Such studies generate large-scale high-dimensional count and compositional data, which are the focus of this dissertation. In microbiome studies, the taxa composition is often estimated based on the sparse counts of sequencing reads in order to account for the large variability in the total number of reads. The first part of this thesis deals with the problem of estimating the bacterial composition based on sparse count data, where a penalized likelihood of a multinomial model is proposed to estimate the composition by regularizing the nuclear norm of the compositional matrix. Under the assumption that the observed composition is approximately low rank, a nearly optimal theoretical upper bound of the estimation error under the Kullback-Leibler divergence and the Frobenius norm is obtained. Simulation studies demonstrate that the penalized likelihood-based estimator outperforms the commonly used naive estimator in term of the estimation error of the composition matrix and various bacterial diversity measures. An analysis of a microbiome dataset is used to illustrate the methods. Understanding the dependence structure among microbial taxa within a community, including cooccurrence and co-exclusion relationships between microbial taxa, is another important problem in microbiome research. However, the compositional nature of the data complicates the investigation of the dependency structure since there are no known multivariate distributions that are flexible enough to model such a dependency. The second part of the thesis develops a compositionadjusted thresholding (COAT) method to estimate the sparse covariance matrix of the latent log-
Orthopedic Team Surgeons in Major Professional Sports: An Analysis of Affiliation With the Top 10 Sports Medicine Fellowship Programs and Implications for Leadership and Diversity

This paper examines the correlation between orthopedic team surgeons in major professional sports and their affiliation with the top 10 sports medicine fellowship programs. With a growing trend in post-residency fellowship training, particularly in sports medicine, the study focuses on the implications of fellowship program choice for aspiring major professional sports team physicians. By analyzing data from Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL), the research reveals that 61 of 124 (49.19%) team surgeons graduated from the top 10 sports medicine fellowship programs. The results identify a noticeable pipeline effect in professional sports, where teams often hire graduates from a select number of esteemed fellowship programs. The study suggests that choosing a fellowship program from the top 10 list may enhance the prospects of becoming a major league team surgeon. Additionally, our results found a significant gender disparity among team surgeons, with only two (1.6%) of all major professional team physicians being women. This emphasizes the imperative for diversity improvement in orthopedic sports medicine. In conclusion, the research underscores the impact of top-tier fellowship programs on professional team surgeons, with implications for aspiring sports medicine physicians and a call for addressing gender disparities.
An assessment of some factors influencing multispectral land-cover classification

Experiments to evaluate the accuracies of different stages of land-cover classification are described. Four feature groups, two training strategies, three classifiers, and three accuracy assessment methods have been analyzed. The features used are three original SPOT HRV multispectral images, two principal component images and one edgedensity image generated from the original multispectral Band 1 image. Single-pixel training and block training are evaluated. Classifiers used are the minimum Euclidian distance, the minimum Mahalanobis distance, and the maximum likelihood. Pure-pixel sampling, stratified random sampling, and stratified systematic unaligned sampling are used to generate Kappa coefficients for accuracy assessment. Results show that single-pixel training makes the largest contribution to improving classification accuracies. The second largest improvement results from use of the maximumlikelihood classifier rather than the minimum-Euclidian-distance classifier. The third largest contribution is from the inclusion of the edge-density image. Different sampling strategies used for accuracy assessment result in significantly different accuracy values measured by the Kappa coefficient.
Interpretation of the Slip Distributions Estimated Using Tsunami Waveforms for the 1944 Tonankai and 1946 Nankai Earthquakes

The slip distributions of the 1944 Tonankai earthquake (Tanioka and Satake, 2001b) and the 1946 Nankai earthquake (Tanioka and Satake, 2001a) estimated using tsunami waveforms were reviewed. In the source region off Kii peninsula, the large slip extended over the entire locked zone. However, in the source region off Shikoku, Shima peninsula or Atsumi peninsula, the slip on the up-dip or shallow part was limited. Parts of these may be explained by the existence of splay fault (up-dip subfault) systems in the accretionally prism. The tsunami waves from those earthquakes were observed not only at tide gauges in Japan, but also at Honolulu, Hawaii. The tsunami at Honolulu from the 1946 Nankai earthquake was smaller than that from the 1944 Tonankai earthquake, although the seismic moment of the 1946 Nankai earthquake is much larger than the 1944 Tonankai earthquake. The numerical tsunami computation was carried out for the 1944 and 1946 events. The largest slip region near Shikoku for the 1946 Nankai earthquake was close to the shore, so the large parts of tsunami energy were trapped in the shallow sea and were not transmitted into the deep ocean. That is one of the reasons why the tsunami observed at Honolulu from the 1944 event was larger than that of the 1946 event.
Technical Efficiency of Catfish Farming in Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria: a Gender Perspective

Abstract This research was undertaken to examine the gender perspective of the technical efficiency of catfish farming in Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State. Primary data elicited from a sample size of 70 catfish farmers (38 male and 32 female catfish farmers) were employed in the study. Analysis of the data was done using descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier production function. The maximum likelihood estimates of the stochastic frontier production function revealed that the mean technical efficiency of the male catfish farmers (86%) was higher than that of the female catfish farmers (20%) and this implies that the male and female catfish farmers have the scope of improving their efficiency by 14% and 80%, respectively, through the use of farming practices used by the most efficient male and female catfish farmers. The factors that were significant in influencing the technical efficiency of the female catfish farmers were farming experience and credit while in the case of the male catfish farmers, farming experience significantly influenced their technical efficiency. In the light of the low technical efficiency of the female catfish farmers relative to the male catfish farmers, it was recommended that gender equality infishery training, extension delivery, distribution of resources and access to supportive services should be encouraged in a bid to improve the technical efficiency of the catfish farmers especially that of the female catfish farmers.