Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ADDITION OF TEMPE AND OLD FERMENTATION TO THE QUALITY OF ALBUMIN FLOUR EGG

This study aimed to determine the effect of tempe yeast in the fermentation process of the nature quail egg albumin quality flour quail egg albumin. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD). Results of statistical analysis on each parameter gives the following conclusion: The addition of yeast tempeh provide highly significant effect (P> 0.01) the protein content, moisture content, froth, southwest coagulation, pH, organoleptic color. Long fermentation gives highly significant effect (P> 0.01) the protein content, moisture content, froth, southwest coagulation, pH, organoleptic color. Interaction treatment had no significant effect (P <0.05) the protein content, moisture content, froth, southwest coagulation, pH, organoleptic color. Keywords: Quail eggs, yeast tempeh, fermentation and lactic acid.
CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DO FEIJOEIRO EM FUNÇÃO DO VIGOR DE SEMENTES E INOCULAÇÃO COM Bacillus subtilis / EARLY GROWTH OF COMMON BEAN PLANTS IN RESPONSE TO VIGOUR SEEDS AND INOCULATION WITH Bacillus subtilis

As rizobacterias sao microrganismos naturais do solo capazes de colonizar o sistema radicular das culturas e beneficia-las por meio de diferentes mecanismos, que podem resultar na promocao do crescimento vegetal. A inoculacao com genero Bacillus , em especial B. subtilis vem sendo estudada em muitas culturas. No Brasil, o feijoeiro apresenta grande importância sociocultural e economica para o pais. Tecnologias de cultivo como o uso de sementes de alto vigor geram plantas de alto desempenho e quando associadas a inoculacao com rizobacterias, pode beneficiar a fase inicial de crescimento dos cultivos, alem de aliar produtividade com sustentabilidade agricola. O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar os efeitos da inoculacao de 2 lotes de sementes, avaliados como de alto e baixo vigor, mediante aplicacao de 5 doses de um produto a base de B. subtilis , visando obter informacoes sobre os efeitos no crescimento inicial do feijoeiro, cv. BRS Estilo. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetacao por 12 dias e foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros agronomicos: comprimento total de plântula, comprimento de raiz primaria, massa seca de plântula e massa seca de raiz primaria. O alto vigor fisiologico das sementes associado com B. subtilis promoveram incrementos na materia seca de plântula e materia seca de raiz primaria.
Comparing the effects of a combined phytogenic feed additive with an individual essential oil of oregano on intestinal morphology and microflora in broilers

ABSTRACT The effects of dietary supplementation of oregano essential oil (OEO) and a commercial blend of phytogenic (CBP) on intestinal properties, the number of ileal Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus were investigated in broilers. Two hundred 1-d-old broiler chicks were assigned to 4 dietary treatments that include: (1) Control (without phytogenic), (2) CBP (150 ppm), (3) OEO (300 ppm) and (4) OEO (500 ppm). Each of the 4 diets was fed to 5 replicates of 10 chicks from hatching to 42 d of age. Jejunal and ileal villi height increased and mascularis thickness decreased by 300 ppm OEO; however, villi surface area and villus height to crypt depth ratio were higher and crypt depth was lower in jejunum compared with control or those fed CBP in the diet (P < .05). In comparison to broilers fed control, CBP and either level of OEO reduced (P < .01) ileal E. coli count at d 21, whereas Lactobacillus count was not different among treatments. From the results, it was concluded that supplementation of 300 ppm OEO in broilers’ diet could improve morphometric parameters of the small intestine and reduce the presence of E. coil in ileal content.
COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS ESTIMATES FROM LINE X TESTER MATING DESIGN UNDER WATER STRESS CONDITIONS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

A Study on combining ability and heterosis were conducted on 15 F1 hybrids along with eight rice genotypes (five lines and three testers) to understand the pattern of inheritance of yield, its components and some root traits for selecting superior genotypes. The experiment was carried out using line x tester mating design, during 2010-2011 rice growing seasons at the experimental farm of Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, lines, testers and line x tester interactions for days to 50% heading, plant height, panicle length and weight, number of filled grains/panicle, number of panicles/plant, number of roots/plant, root length and volume and grain yield/plant traits under water stress conditions, indicated that the genotypes had wide genetic diversity for the studied traits. Significance of the means of sum squares due to lines and testers indicated a prevalence of additive variance. However, significant differences due to interactions of line x tester for the above mentioned traits, indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive variance in the inheritance of these traits. The mean squares due to GCA as well as SCA were significant for all studied traits except 100- grain weight and root/shoot ratio. Thus, the significance of GCA (variances due to lines and testers) and SCA (variances due to lines x testers) implied that both additive and non-additive types of variation was available for all the traits, yet additive genes were more important than the dominant genes because variance due to GCA was higher than that of SCA for all mentioned traits. Moreover, the ratio of GCA and SCA variances was greater than unity for all the traits studied that revealed the preponderance of additive expression of these traits and direct selection might be highly effective in early generations to improve these traits under water stress conditions. gene action for all studied traits. The results suggest that improvement in these traits may be obtained via heterosis breeding or by single plant selection in later generations following hybridization or intermating of selected segregants through recurrent selection. plant height were governed by additive gene action; and pure line selection, mass selection, progeny selection and pedigree breeding can be used to improve it, Gomez, et al. (2003). Similar results also were reported previously by Abd Allah, (2004 a and b), Amudha, et al . (2007), Basbag et al . (2007) and Viswanathan and Thiyagarajan, (2008), they exhibited that high magnitude of specific combining ability (SCA) variance revealed the predominance of non-additive gene action for all characters, viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, 100 grain weight and grain yield per plant which offer scope for exploitation of hybrid vigour through heterosis breeding.
Lagerstroemia indica 'Xiangyun', a seedless crape myrtle.

Lagerstroemia indica L. , commonly referred to as crape myrtle or crepe flower, is an upright, wide-spreading, deciduous shrub or small tree in the loosestrife family Lythraceae. It is native to the Himalayas through southern China, Southeast Asia, and Japan (Huxley, 1992) and has been cultivated as an important flowering ornamental tree for more than 1500 years in China (Chen, 2001). Crape myrtles were introduced into North America in the late 1700s and became naturalized in the United States from Virginia to Arkansas south to Texas and Florida (Byers, 1997; Dirr, 1998; Egolf and Andrick, 1978). Currently, more than 200 named cultivars are available (Pooler, 2006a) and widely produced for different flower colors, growth forms, and exfoliating bark (Pooler, 2006b; Pooler and Dix, 1999; Pounders et al., 2013; Whitcomb, 1998, 2004, 2006). Breeding of crape myrtles has also been active in China (Cai et al., 2010), including genetic improvement of flower color, size, and fragrance (Ye et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2008, 2010), resistance to aphids and powdery mildew (Chen et al., 2007), tolerance to chilling temperature, and extended flowering period (Wang et al., 2013). Currently, more than 120 cultivars are available in China (Huang et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2008). Crape myrtles flower on the current year’s shoots (Huxley, 1992). After pollination, ovaries begin to expand into developing seeds and the showy flower petals senesce. In general, no new flowers will be produced on the spent shoots. To have continuous blooming, plants are pruned; a new flush develops in 4 to 5 weeks, from which additional flowers are produced. In addition to pruning, another approach for extending flowering period would be to have plants that do not produce seeds (Pooler, 2006a). Seedless plants would conserve energy to support reblooming on the spent shoots. This report describes a selection of mutant crape myrtle plant that does not produce seed and reblooms on the same panicles, extending the flower period. A 4-year field trial showed that the characteristics of this mutant are stable, and it has been introduced as a new cultivar in the Chinese ornamental plant market.
Vibrational spectra, X-ray and molecular structure of 1H- and 3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and their methyl derivatives: DFT quantum chemical calculations

Molecular structure, vibrational energy levels and potential energy distribution of 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 5-methyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 6-methyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine and 7-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine were determined using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. The optimised bond lengths and bond angles are in good agreement with the X-ray data of 5-methyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine obtained in the present work (Pbca space group; a = 8.660(2), b = 11.078(2), c = 11.078(3) A, Z = 8). The N+H group plays the role of a proton donor in a medium strong hydrogen bond of the type NH…N, linking the N-atom of the pyridine with the adjacent molecule related by the symmetry operation: 1/2 − x, y − 1/2, z(N…N = 2.869(25) A). The presence of hydrogen bond is confirmed by appearance in the IR spectra of a very broad and strong contour in the 2000–3100 cm−1 range. The place of substitution of the methyl group at the pyridine ring influences the proton position of the NH group at the imidazole unit. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verification of Bact/Alert 3D System Results for Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Background: The rapid diagnosis of mycobacterial infections is essential to implement the adequate antimicrobial therapy. Objective : To verify BacT/ALERT 3D system results by PCR and evaluate its performance against Lowenstein Jensen medium as regards the recovery rate, the time to detection, and contamination rate. Methodology: Sixty sputum specimens were inoculated in BacT/ALERT MP bottles and on LJ slants. Ziehl-Neelsen [ZN], subculture and PCR was done to confirm the positive signal MP bottles. Results : Thirty two [53.3%] mycobacterial isolates [31 M. tuberculosis and one non-tuberculous mycobacterium] were detected. The recovery rate of 32 mycobacterial isolates for the BacT/ALERT 3D system was 100% and that of LJ medium was 71.9%. Of the 32 signal positive / PCR positive bottles, 27[84.4%] bottles were ZN smear positive [from the bottle] and 5[15.6%] were ZN negative. The mean times to detection of mycobacteria by BacT/ALERT 3D system and LJ medium were 14.2 and 24.3 days, respectively, while overall contamination rates were 6.7% and 8.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Sensitivity and time to detection were signiﬁcantly better with BacT/ALERT 3D system than with solid LJ medium. The PCR assay allows the fast and exact identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from positive liquid medium. LJ culture still plays an important role in isolation of mycobacteria from clinical samples, it provide visible colonies that allow identiﬁcation and susceptibility testing of the isolate. Signal positive /ZN negative bottles should be confirmed by other methods [PCR and/or subculture].
Methyl jasmonate induces triterpenoid biosynthesis in Inonotus baumii

ABSTRACT In this work, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), as an exogenous elicitor, was used to investigate the feasibility of enhancing triterpenoid biosynthesis in Inonotus baumii. The results showed that the appropriate concentration of MeJA to be added was 150 μmol/L, and the triterpenoid yield was 12.61 mg/g dry weight (DW), which was 4.05-fold higher than that in the control with water. Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the transcript levels of several genes in the triterpenoid pathway, including those encoding hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase (hmgs), hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase (hmgr), farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (fpps), squalene synthase (sqs), squalene epoxidase (se) and lanosterol synthase (ls). The results demonstrated that these genes were mostly up-regulated by MeJA, although the levels of induction differed. For hmgs, hmgr, fpps and se, the highest transcript levels were at 150 μmol/L MeJA, and were approximately 3.0, 2.5, 2.0 and 2.0-fold higher than those in the control, respectively. However, the sqs and ls genes appeared to be repressed by MeJA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to assess the use of MeJA to elicit triterpenoid biosynthesis in I. baumii, and the results indicated that MeJA was indeed a potent inducer of triterpenoid biosynthesis.
The Effects of Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation Provided in Utero and during Lactation on Genomic DNA Methylation and Global Gene Expression in the Offspring

The effects of high maternal folate status on the offspring are unknown; however, early life exposure to environmental stimuli, including dietary factors, is thought to influence the risk of developing chronic disease. An animal study was performed to determine the effect of maternal folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on DNA methylation and global gene expression patterns in the offspring. Supplementation of the maternal diet with folic acid (5, 8, and 25 mg/kg diet) induced global DNA hypomethylation in the liver of juvenile and adult offspring, and altered the expression of the imprinted H19 gene and genes involved in lipid metabolism, coagulation, and iron transport and homeostasis. Our data suggest that intrauterine and early postnatal periods are susceptible to changes in DNA methylation and gene expression in response to high levels of folic acid, which may be associated with health status and disease later in life.
GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF CYTOCHROMES P450 2C9 AND 2C19 IN SLOVENIAN POPULATION

Background. Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and 2C19 (CYP2C19) participate in metabolism of many clinically important drugs. Genetic polymorphisms of the CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genes are described which may affect drug treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of polymorphic CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 alleles in Slovenian population in order to estimate the proportion of the population that might experience adverse drug reaction. Methods. The polymorphism of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 was analysed by a genotyping technique, based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction enzyme analysis. DNA samples from 129 unrelated healthy subjects were obtained from the Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia and University Children’s Hospital in Ljubljana. Results. In the analysed group of samples one-third of individuals carried at least one of the defective CYP2C9 alleles while among them 3.2% of individuals had both alleles affected. The frequencies of CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 were 0.122 and 0.063, respectively. Almost one-third of Slovenian individuals analysed carried at least one of the CYP2C19 polymorphic allele. The frequencies of CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 were 0.159 and 0.004, respectively. Conclusions. The results of our study indicate that approximately one-third of the patients from Slovenian population may require either adjustments of dose or increased monitoring when initiating treatment with CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 substrates having a narrow therapeutic index. High risk of adverse drug reaction may be expected in 1–3% of eventual patients.
Thermal tolerance of Liothrips tractabilis, a biological control agent of Campuloclinium macrocephalum recently established in South Africa

The South American herb Campuloclinium macrocephalum (Less.) DC. (Asteraceae; pompom weed), which invades grasslands, savannas, and wetlands in South Africa, is a recent target for biological control. A foliage‐deforming thrips, Liothrips tractabilis Mound & Pereyra (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), was released in South Africa in 2013, following confirmation of its host specificity and damage potential in quarantine. However, weed biocontrol agents sometimes fail to establish or have the desired impact because they are poorly suited to the climate of the new range. Thermal tolerance trials, within the range of 15–32.5 °C, were conducted prior to the thrips’ release to determine its developmental threshold and to generate a degree‐day model to highlight areas best suited for its establishment in South Africa. These laboratory data were validated by outdoor trials. The thrips completed development from egg to adulthood at all except the lowest and highest laboratory test temperatures, with developmental duration decreasing with increasing temperature. The lower developmental threshold was estimated at 9.6 °C with 546.9 degree days required to complete development. Within the regions invaded by C. macrocephalum in South Africa, the thrips was predicted to complete 3–9 annual generations. Developmental times in the outdoor trials were largely consistent with those in the laboratory. Liothrips tractabilis is largely compatible with the broader South African climate and seems likely to establish and proliferate on C. macrocephalum populations throughout the country. These predictions have partially been verified in that L. tractabilis has become established at several sites in South Africa, many of these in colder, high‐altitude areas which were predicted to support fewer annual generations.
Effet de la nutrition azotée sur la résistance de la légumineuse Medicago truncatula à Aphanomyces euteiches

L’azote (N) est un facteur majeur limitant la croissance des plantes. Sa disponibilite peut egalement avoir un impact sur la resistance des plantes aux pathogenes en regulant leur immunite. Afin de mieux comprendre les liens entre la nutrition azotee et les defenses de la plante, nous avons analyse l’impact de la disponibilite en N sur la resistance de Medicago truncatula a un pathogene racinaire, Aphanomyces euteiches, en prenant en compte la variabilite genetique de la plante. Cet oomycete est considere comme un des facteurs limitant le plus la production des legumineuses. Deux conditions de nutrition azotee, non limitante ou carencee en N, et dix genotypes de M. truncatula ont ete testes in vitro. Les resultats ont montre que la resistance est modulee par les conditions nutritionnelles, dependament du genotype. Les analyses d’expression de genes impliques dans le metabolisme azote et dans les reponses de defense ainsi que la quantification des teneurs en acides amines et des composes metaboliques secondaires ont montre des reponses differentes selon les genotypes et la condition nutritive. Elles ont souligne en particulier le role potentiellement important de la glutamine dans ce pathosysteme. De plus, nous avons mis en evidence l’importance de l’homeostasie du monoxyde d’azote (NO) dans la resistance de M. truncatula a A. euteiches et que la disponibilite en azote impactait l’homeostasie du NO en affectant les niveaux de S-nitrosothiols et l’activite de la S-nitrosoglutathion reductase dans les racines. Ces resultats soulignent l’importance du metabolisme azote et de son interaction avec le genotype de la plante dans les reactions de defense chez M. truncatula.
Relationship of certain abiotic factors and the incidence of gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (HUBNER) in chickpea at Pantnagar

India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses accounting for almost 33% of world area. The chickpea marked a significant increase in area (9.96 million ha) for the year 2013-14 which is highest in last 10 years. Similarly, the chickpea production (9.92 million tonnes) also surpassed record with in the history of India since last 50 years (Anonymous, 2014). Helicoverpa armigera is a conundrum and one of the most dominant insect pests in agriculture, accounting for half of the total insecticides usage in India for protection of crops. The problem of this pest is magnified due to its direct attack on fruiting structures, voracious feeding habits, high mobility and fecundity, multivoltine nature, overlapping generations, nocturnal behaviour etc., (Sarode, 1999). At the same time adequate ecological data is prerequisite for integrated pest management, which can therefore be enhanced after determining the seasonal abundance (Mathur et al., 2003). There are many environmental factors which influence the insect pest populations (Lode and Sharma, 1993). Among them abiotic factors play a vital role in multiplication and distribution of insect pests. The knowledge on the seasonal incidence of gram pod borer will certainly found to be helpful in formulating the insect pest management strategies for Helicoverpa armigera at Pantnagar condition. Therefore, an attempt has been made to work out the effect of different abiotic factors on the seasonal incidence of pod borer, H. armigera in chickpea.
Promotes Psoriasiform Skin Inflammation Keratinocyte Overexpression of IL-17C

IL-17C is a functionally distinct member of the IL-17 family that binds IL-17 receptor E/A to promote innate defense in epithelial cells and regulate Th17 cell differentiation. We demonstrate that IL-17C (not IL-17A) is the most abundant IL-17 isoform in lesional psoriasis skin (1058 versus 8 pg/ml; p < 0.006) and localizes to keratinocytes (KCs), endothelial cells (ECs), and leukocytes. ECs stimulated with IL-17C produce increased TNF- a and KCs stimulated with IL-17C/TNF- a produce similar inﬂammatory gene response patterns as those elicited by IL-17A/TNF- a , including increases in IL-17C, TNF- a , IL-8, IL-1 a / b , IL-1F5, IL-1F9, IL-6, IL-19, CCL20, S100A7/A8/A9, DEFB4, lipocalin 2, and peptidase inhibitor 3 ( p < 0.05), indicating a positive proinﬂammatory feedback loop between the epidermis and ECs. Psoriasis patients treated with etanercept rapidly decrease cutaneous IL-17C levels, suggesting IL-17C/TNF- a –mediated inﬂammatory signaling is critical for psoriasis pathogenesis. Mice genetically engineered to overexpress IL-17C in KCs develop well-demarcated areas of erythematous, ﬂakey involved skin adjacent to areas of normal-appearing uninvolved skin despite increased IL-17C expression in both areas ( p < 0.05). Uninvolved skin displays increased angiogenesis and elevated S100A8/A9 expression ( p < 0.05) but no epidermal hyperplasia, whereas involved skin exhibits robust epidermal hyperplasia, increased angiogenesis and leukocyte inﬁltration, and upregulated TNF- a , IL-1 a / b , IL-17A/F, IL-23p19, vascular endothelial growth factor, IL-6, and CCL20 ( p < 0.05), suggesting that IL-17C, when coupled with other proinﬂammatory signals, initiates the development of psoriasiform dermatitis. This skin phenotype was signiﬁcantly improved following 8 wk of TNF- a inhibition. These ﬁndings identify a role for IL-17C in skin inﬂammation and suggest a pathogenic function for the elevated IL-17C observed in lesional psoriasis skin. The Journal of Immunology , 2013, 190: 000–000.