Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events of CYP2C19 loss-of-function genotype guided prasugrel/ticagrelor vs clopidogrel therapy for acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis

Abstract The most effective antiplatelet treatments for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients carrying CYP2C19 loss-of-function (LoF) alleles undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is still debating and conflicting. It was aimed to compare the efficacy and safety endpoints for these patients treated with alternative P2Y12 receptor blockers (e.g. prasugrel or ticagrelor) against clopidogrel. Literature was searched in PubMed, Cochrane library, Synapse and 1000 Genomes databases following PRISMA guidelines for identifying relevant studies. Aggregated risk was estimated by RevMan software using either fixed/random-effects models where P values<0.05 (two-sided) were considered statistically significant. Nine studies comprising 16,132 ACS patients undergoing PCI were included in this analysis in which 2,746 and 2,640 patients were in the CYP2C19 LoF clopidogrel and alternatives treatment group, respectively. It was demonstrated that patients treated with prasugrel or ticagrelor significantly reduced the risk of MACEs (RR 0.58; 95% CI 0.45–0.76; P<0.0001) as compared to patients with clopidogrel where both groups carrying CYP2C19 LoF alleles. Subgroup analysis showed that prasugrel or ticagrelor significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular death (RR 0.44; 95% CI: 0.25–0.74; P=0.002) and MI (RR 0.60; 95% CI: 0.44–0.81; P=0.0008) while other clinical outcomes were not found statistically significant between these two groups; stroke (RR 0.77; 95% CI: 0.43–1.38; P =0.39), stent thrombosis (RR 0.67; 95% CI: 0.38–1.18; P =0.17), unstable angina (RR 0.55; 95% CI: 0.13–2.33; P =0.42), revascularisation (RR 0.79; 95% CI: 0.28–2.24; P=0.66). Bleeding events were not found significantly different between these groups (RR 1.06; 95% CI: 0.88–1.28; P=0.55). Considering efficacy and safety, alternative antiplatelets (e.g. prasugrel or ticagrelor) may be regarded as better treatment option as compared to clopidogrel for ACS patients undergoing PCI.
Enhanced Interface Adhesion by Novel Eco-Epoxy Adhesives Based on the Modified Tannic Acid on Al and CFRP Adherends

This paper presents a new process for obtaining eco-epoxide adhesives synthesized from bio-renewable raw material (tannic acid—TA) and used for bonding lightweight materials (aluminum (Al) and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)). Two synthesized bio-epoxy components based on TA, (A) glycidyl ether and (B) glycidyl phosphate ester of TA, were used as a replacement for the toxic epoxy component based on Bisphenol A. The effect of eco-epoxy components on the interface adhesion was measured by the determination of adhesion parameter b, which was compared to the reference epoxy (REF). The increase of adhesion parameter b was 77.5% for A and 151.5% for B. The adhesion of both eco-adhesives was tested using the bell peel test (BPT) with the Al and CFRP adherends. When compared to REF, the average peel load for B was 17.6% (39.3%) and 58.3% (176.9%) higher for the Al and CFRP adherends, respectively. Complete adhesion failure of REF reflected the weak adhesion to both Al and CFRP, which was improved by the addition of eco-epoxy components A and B showing the presence of cohesive failure. The microhardness testing method of interface adhesion was proven to be a fast and reliable testing method, providing a qualitative indication in adhesive selection.
Effects of Leaf Litter on Establishment, Growth and Survival of Invasive Plant Seedlings in a Deciduous Forest

ABSTRACT Disturbance often promotes plant invasion. Small disturbances to the forest floor expose bare soil to light which may promote seed germination and establishment. We tested the hypothesis that small disturbances to the litter layer allow invasive species to become established in forest interiors. We found that seedlings of the invasive shrub Lonicera maackii were found in sites with significantly lower leaf litter mass than regularly spaced points along a transect. We then investigated establishment and survival of L. maackii and the invasive biennial Alliaria petiolata in plots randomly assigned to three treatments: litter removed, litter added and control. Significantly more L. maackii seedlings established in the litter removed and control plots than the litter added treatments, but there was no effect on survival. Significantly more A. petiolata seedlings established in the litter removed plots than in the control or litter added treatments. Survival of established A. petiolata seedlings was significantly greater in control than in litter removed plots, but the final number of A. petiolata seedlings was greatest in the litter removed treatment. Our results confirm that bare patches of soil in the forest interior are colonization sites for invasive plant species.
Exosomal LINC01005 derived from oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐treated endothelial cells regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch

Phenotype switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Endothelial cells can regulate VSMC phenotypic switch by secreting exosomes, crucial mediators of intracellular communication. This study aimed to determine whether exosomal LINC01005 from oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) plays a role in regulating VSMC phenotypic switch and to validate the underlying molecular mechanism. Exosomes were extracted from ox‐LDL‐treated HUVECs (ox‐LDL‐Exo) and then administered into VSMCs. VSMC phenotypic switch was assessed by determining VSMC phenotypic markers using western blot. VSMC cell proliferation and migration were evaluated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and wound healing assay, respectively. The interaction between miR‐128‐3p and LINC01005 or Krüppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. ox‐LDL‐Exo contained high expression of LINC01005. Inhibition of LINC01005 expression in ox‐LDL‐Exo abrogated the ox‐LDL‐Exo‐induced VSMC phenotypic switch, proliferation, and migration. Furthermore, LINC01005 acted as a sponge of miR‐128‐3p to upregulate KLF4 expression. Moreover, miR‐128‐3p overexpression and KLF4 silencing in VSMCs attenuated the ox‐LDL‐Exo‐induced VSMC phenotypic switch, proliferation, and migration. Collectively, exosomal LINC01005 from ox‐LDL‐treated HUVECs promotes VSMC phenotype switch, proliferation, and migration by regulating the miR‐128‐3p/KLF4 axis.
Patient safety culture and obstacles to adverse event reporting in nursing homes.

AIMS To investigate patient safety culture and its relationship with obstacles to adverse event reporting in Chinese nursing homes. BACKGROUND Reporting obstacles are related to high incidences and unreported rates of adverse events. Patient safety culture is also associated with adverse events. However, the relationship between reporting obstacles and patient safety culture in nursing homes is unclear. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a random sampling method among 549 staff members in six nursing homes using instruments of the Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture and the Adverse Event Reporting Obstacle Scale. The Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-tests, ANOVA tests, and multivariate regression analysis were used. RESULTS Patient safety culture in nursing homes was associated with facility ownership (p<0.001), facility scale (p<0.001), reporting management (p<0.001), whether it was an integrated care institution (p=0.006), frequency of concern about patient safety (p=0.001), occurrence of adverse events in departments (p=0.001), and a punitive atmosphere (p=0.044). Adverse event reporting obstacles were negatively correlated with patient safety culture (p<0.05). CONCLUSION An improvement in patient safety culture was associated with a reduction in reporting obstacles in nursing homes. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT A barrier-free adverse event reporting system should be built to reduce reporting obstacles and create a non-punitive patient safety culture in nursing homes.
Shoulder-Pacemaker Treatment Concept for Posterior Positional Functional Shoulder Instability: A Prospective Clinical Trial

Background: Pathological muscle activation patterns of the external rotators and periscapular muscles can result in posterior positional functional shoulder instability (PP-FSI). In several patients, physical therapy and surgical treatment are not successful. Purpose: The shoulder-pacemaker treatment concept was evaluated prospectively in patients with PP-FSI and previously failed conventional therapy attempt. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A negative selection of 24 consecutive cases of noncontrollable PP-FSI in 16 patients with previously failed conventional therapy were included in this prospective study. The shoulder-pacemaker treatment consisted of an electrical muscle stimulation–based therapy protocol with 9 to 18 one-hour treatment sessions. Two patients were excluded because of nonadherence to the training schedule, leaving a final study cohort of 21 cases in 14 patients. Follow-up included assessment of clinical function, impairment during daily activities and sports, satisfaction, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), Rowe score, and Subjective Shoulder Value at 0 weeks, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after intervention. Results: WOSI, Subjective Shoulder Value, and Rowe score showed a highly significant improvement at all time points of follow-up (P < .001). Young age (P = .005), low weight (P = .019), shoulder activity level (P = .003), unilateral affliction (P = .046), and higher baseline WOSI score (P = .04) were associated with a better treatment effect. Cases with increased glenoid retroversion, posterior scapulohumeral decentering, and dysplastic bony glenoid shape showed a trend toward shorter treatment effect duration. No complications during the intervention or follow-up period were observed. Conclusion: The shoulder-pacemaker therapy concept is an effective treatment with rapid improvement and sustained outcome over the course of 2 years in patients with noncontrollable PP-FSI with previously failed conventional treatment. Young and more athletic patients with lower weight and unilateral pathology respond best to the treatment.
Tensor-valued diffusion MRI differentiates cortex and white matter in malformations of cortical development associated with epilepsy

Delineation of malformations of cortical development (MCD) is central in presurgical evaluation of drug‐resistant epilepsy. Delineation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be ambiguous, however, because the conventional T1‐ and T2‐weighted contrasts depend strongly on myelin for differentiation of cortical tissue and white matter. Variations in myelin content within both cortex and white matter may cause MCD findings on MRI to change size, become undetectable, or disagree with histopathology. The novel tensor‐valued diffusion MRI (dMRI) technique maps microscopic diffusion anisotropy, which is sensitive to axons rather than myelin. This work investigated whether tensor‐valued dMRI may improve differentiation of cortex and white matter in the delineation of MCD.
Reproduction of the White Tip Nematode (Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie, 1942) in Different Monoxenic Cultures

The reproductive range of the Iranian population of white tip nematode in rice, Aphelenchoides besseyi, was investigated in vitro to find out a suitable medium as well as a favorable fungal host for monoxenic culturing this nematode. Studies were carried out on rice seed associated fungi, pathogenic fungi and one mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) grown on three culture media, RPA (rice polish agar), OMA (oat meal agar) and PDA (potato dextrose agar). The nematode showed the greatest multiplication on Fusarium verticillioides, F. proliferatum, Curvularia lunata and Magnaporthe salvini in OMA and on Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris oryzae and Pyricularia oryzae in PDA. Among the fungi, tested A. alternata, C. lunata, F. verticillioides, B. oryzae, M. salvini, F. proliferatum and P. oryzae supported a high reproduction rate in the nematode in a descending rank. The nematode failed to multiply on Aspergillus niger, Rhizoctonia solani and Agaricus bisporus grown on any of the three media. The highest sex ratio (F:M) was achieved on OMA but the highest male percentage ratio was observed on PDA. The two pathogenic fungi, B. oryzae and M. salvini are reported as new fungal hosts for monoxenic culturing of this nematode.
Rain forests of central Borneo—threatened by modern development

Rain forests in Central Kalimantan, Borneo, are under increasing pressure from commercial industry, agricultural projects and transmigration programmes. Our knowledge of the hill forests in central Borneo is virtually non-existent, yet they may disappear before we realize their true value as intact forests. These rapid developments prompted the FFPS to launch the Red Alert Project, which, together with Project Barito Ulu, is investigating ways to promote rain-forest conservation in Kalimantan, Indonesia.
A stage-explicit expression of the von Bertalanffy growth model for understanding age at first reproduction of Great Lakes fishes

An initial annual growth rate of body length and its regular decrease with increasing age has general linkages with age at first reproduction (tR). We clarify their combinations and develop predictive functions. We use a complete Ford-Walford plot with yearling size (L1 )o n they axis and show a slope transition between the relative yearling growth rate (ρy) and the Ford-Walford slope (ρ). The three stage-specific variables define a complete body- length trajectory over ages, including all von Bertalanffy growth parameters and the Ford-Walford intercept ( Lint). The difference between asymptotic length (Linf) and yearling length is growth potential after the first annulus. Yearling growth is a transition period, so growth potential can be adjusted as ρLinf or Linf - Lint. Changes in the three life-stage variables have contrasting effects on growth potential and von Bertalanffy growth parameters, so they have contrasting relations with tR. For most invertebrate-eating fishes in the Laurentian Great Lakes, dominant changes in growth trajectories were reflected in ρ ,s otR was predicted by the von Bertalanffy growth coefficient, K. For walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) populations around the Great Lakes, dominant changes in growth trajectories were from yearling size or yearling growth, so tR was predicted using Lint. Our results have clear implications for understanding fish popu- lation dynamics.
Do western boxelder bugs sunbathe for sanitation? Inferences from in vitro experiments

When western boxelder bugs, Boisea rubrolineata (Barber) (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae), form aggregations in warm sunlight, they release from their posterior dorsal abdominal gland an odorous blend of monoterpenes with heretofore unknown biological function. In laboratory analyses and experiments, we show that bugs in warm sunlight, but not in shade, exude and spread copious amounts of monoterpenes onto their cuticle. These monoterpenes do not serve as a pheromone, but rather as a means of sanitation. They inhibit germination of conidia of the fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana (Bals.‐Criv.) Vuill. (Hypocreales) as well as halt the growth of germinated spores. This prophylactic defense against pathogens appears adaptive for phytophagous insects, like B. rubrolineata, that are prone to infections by microbes thriving on leaf surfaces and in the insects' overwintering microhabitat.
Worth the Weight? Post Weigh-In Rapid Weight Gain is Not Related to Winning or Losing in Professional Mixed Martial Arts.

Body mass (BM) manipulation via rapid weight loss (RWL) and rapid weight gain (RWG) is a common practice among mixed martial art (MMA) athletes to ensure qualification for the division in which the athlete wishes to compete. Professional MMA competitors in California are required to weigh in twice: 24 hr prior to competition and immediately prior to the bout after they have typically engaged in RWG. In analyzing data from five MMA events sanctioned by the Californian State Athletic Commission, the authors used Bayesian analyses to compare bout winners (n = 31) and losers (n = 31) in terms of in-competition BM (in kilograms) and the amount of BM regained between the two weigh-ins (in kilograms). These data do not support the hypothesis that differences in in-competition BM (Bayes factor [BF10] = 0.667, d = 0.23) or the amount of BM regained between the two weigh-ins (BF10 = 0.821, d = 0.23) determine winning or losing. In addition, there was no statistical difference between bouts ending via strikes, submission, or decision for either in-competition BM (BF10 = 0.686, ω2 < 0.01) or the amount of BM regained between the two weigh-ins (BF10 = 0.732, ω2 = 0.054). In conclusion, the authors report for the first time that the magnitude of RWG does not predict winning or losing in a professional cohort of MMA athletes. In addition, they also report that MMA athletes typically compete at a BM that is at least 1-2 divisions higher than the division in which they officially weighed-in. These analyses may provide impetus for governing bodies and coaches to enact changes at both professional and amateur levels to reduce negative health consequences associated with extreme RWL and RWG.
Bereaved College Students: Social Support, Coping Style, Continuing Bonds, and Social Media Use as Predictors of Complicated Grief and Posttraumatic Growth

Many college students experience the death of someone close to them and could be at risk for complicated grieving. Their primary sources of support may be unavailable as family members may live far away and their peers may be unprepared to respond to their grief. In addition, college students are exposed to a variety of stressors that could result in maladaptive coping. Furthermore, although most college-aged students use social media, little is known about its impact on grieving. The purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which social support, coping, continuing bonds, and social media use predicted complicated grief and posttraumatic growth in a sample of college students who had experienced an interpersonal loss. Participants (N = 258; 77.5% female, M age = 19.98, SD = 1.41) completed an online survey assessing the aforementioned constructs using Likert-type scales. Findings from two hierarchical regressions indicated that coping variables accounted for the greatest percentage of variance in grieving outcomes with avoidant-emotional coping being the most robust predictor of complicated grief and problem-focused coping accounting for considerable variance in posttraumatic growth (both were associated positively with the outcomes). As hypothesized, continuing bonds explained variance in both grieving outcomes with externalized continuing bonds and maintaining continuing bonds on social media predicting complicated grief and internalized continuing bonds contributing to posttraumatic growth (also all positively associated). Social support from family also was predictive of posttraumatic growth in the positive direction. Future research directions and implications for practice are discussed with the hope that this research might inform the development of interventions to assist college students who are grieving.
Assessment of the incidence and preventability of adverse events in hospitals: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVE To highlight the scientific production related to the use of the retrospective chart review methods to assess the incidence and preventability of adverse events in hospitals. METHOD An integrative review in the MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS, Web of Science and EMBASE databases conducted in May 2019 with the following guiding question: What is known about the retrospective chart review methods to assess the incidence and preventability of adverse events in hospitals? Subsequently, the categorization, synthesis, and classification of the evidence levels of the included publications were performed. RESULTS In the 13 selected studies, the instruments adopted to assess the occurrence of adverse events were the Harvard Medical Practice Study, the Canadian Adverse Event Study, the Quality in Australian Health Care Study, and the Global Trigger Tool. Incidence ranged from 5.7 to 14.2%, while preventability ranged from 31 to 83%. CONCLUSION Differences in incidence and preventability were found, showing different results in the quality of care provided, the information registered in medical records, the screening criteria used, and the assessments of the reviewers.
Indole as an Antibacterial Substance against Pseudomonas solanacearum

infects various kinds of crop plants and causes "bacterial wilt disease" giving rise to a great loss in crop production. In the absence of efficient control measures, chloropicrin and polyhalogenated fumigants have been used to sterilize the infected soils. These toxicants, however, often caused adverse effects on crop plants by killing beneficial soil-living animals and other antagonistic microbes.1} To obtain more selective and milder inhibitors of the propagation of P. solanacearum, we have sought microorganisms secreting antibacterial substances against the pathogen using a dual culture method and found Klebsiella oxytoca (str. HY-1) as a potential producer of antibacterial factors. Figure 1 shows the antibacterial activity of HY-1, which selectively inhibits the growth of P. solanacearum, but not E. coli. This report describes the identification of the antibacterial substance isolated from the culture filtrate of K. oxytoca (HY-1) along with its activity against P. solanacearum. The antibacterial activities of the isolated compound and related commercially available chemicals were measured as follows. P. solanacearum (U-166) was cultured at 37°C for 24hr in PCG medium (10g ofBacto-poptone, 10g ofcasamino acids, and 10g of glucose in 1 1 of water, pH 6.8). A methanol solution of the test substance was added to distilled water to give the prescribed concentrations of aqueous solution containing 2%(v/v) methanol. The test solutions were filtered on a membrane(pore size: 0.22^m), mixed with an equal volume of 2x strength
Mental health care provided to patients admitted to Brazilian psychiatric institutes: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE to identify and map the mental health care offered to patients admitted to forensic psychiatry institutes in Brazil. METHOD a scoping review was guided by the JBI Institute Reviewer's Manual. Searches took place in February 2019, in six databases, using descriptors and synonyms. Analysis was performed using simple descriptive statistics. RESULTS twelve studies were included, which were predominantly dissertations, published in 2014, carried out in the southeastern region of Brazil. Qualitative researches in the field of psychology and law stood out, with emphasis on the speeches of health professionals, and which did not specify the methodology of data analysis. Final considerations: the care provided to interns of the institutions has a punitive character, is based on excessive medicalization and diverges from the current legislation, which makes social reintegration difficult.