Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coupled Finite Element and Cellular Automata Methods for Analysis of Composite Structures in an Acoustic Domain

Abstract : This study examines various computational techniques to analyze dynamic response and failure of sandwich composite materials subject to fluid-structure interaction characterized by an acoustic field or the propagation of velocity potential according to the wave equation. A displacement-only plate finite element is developed and implemented using Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methodology; its accuracy compares favorably to both theory and Continuous Galerkin methods. Several approaches to analyzing debonding failure between skin and core layers of sandwich composite structures are demonstrated and evaluated; partial disconnection between neighboring elements at a debonding site shows good qualitative agreement with known physical phenomena. A hybrid Finite Element-Cellular Automata (FE+CA) approach to modeling an acoustic field with non-reflecting boundary conditions is presented, validated numerically, and favorably compared with experimental results. The FE+CA fluid model is then combined with the DG structural model to simulate fluid-structure interaction; this combined model compared favorably with experimental results for the strain field of laminated plates subject to low-velocity impact. Each technique addressed shows promise for flexible and accurate modeling of failure initiation and propagation in sandwich and laminate composites subject to fluid-structure interaction with moderate computational costs.
Development of dynamic pressure sensor for high temperature applications

Pressure measurement under high temperature environments is required in many engineering applications and it poses many practical problems. Pressure patterns are highly desirable for health monitoring for improved performance and accurate prediction of remaining life of systems used in various applications. Data acquisition in harsh environments has always been a major challenge to the available technology. Sensing becomes more intricate in case if it has to operate under extreme conditions of temperature. Propulsion system applications represent one such area that requires a sensor that is absolutely accurate and has utmost sensitivity coupled with the ability to withstand high temperature. The need for such sensors is driven by the dependence of the performance of propulsion system on pressure pattern encountered along the gas path. Associated with that, high resolution, small size, low time dependent drift and stable range of measurement will complete the performance of such Microsystems Sensors using the current technology are capable of reliable measurement for a limited time at an extremely high cost and are bulky thereby preventing online monitoring. Improvement in the durability of the sensors requires new technology and will definitely open new areas of research. A number of technologies have been lately investigated, these technologies targeting specific applications and they are limited by the maximum operating temperature. The objective of this research is to develop a dynamic pressure measurement system that would be capable of operating at high temperatures with the technology of the device based on Silicon Carbon Nitride (SiCN). The principle of operation is based on the drag effect. Silicon carbon-nitride (SiCN) is a material that has been little explored. The service temperature of SiCN is in the range of 1400°C. The structure is produced from a liquid polymer precursor that could be originally formed into any shape. The proposed micro sensor can measure dynamic pressure and detects flow which is very important to know as the flow continuity is critical in many applications. Furthermore pressure measurement can be used as a base for many aspects. For example the proposed micro sensor could be designed and packaged to be fitted in the gas turbine engine. The correlation of the acquired data from the sensors may provide valuable timely information on imminent instability in the gas flow, detect leakage, improve efficiency etc
Separation of trivalent actinides and lanthanides using various ‘N’, ‘S’ and mixed ‘N,O’ donor ligands: a review

Abstract Separation of trivalent actinide (An) and lanthanide (Ln) elements is one of the burning topics in the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle due to the similarity in their chemical behaviour. A significant amount of research is being carried out worldwide to develop suitable ligands for the separation of the trivalent actinides and lanthanides. Some of the research groups are engaged in continuous improvement of the di-ethylene-triamine-penta acetic acid (DTPA) based Ln/An separation method, whereas extensive research is going on for the development of the lipophilic and hydrophilic ‘N’ donor heteropolycyclic ligands as the actinide selective ligand. A number of ‘S’ donor ligands are also explored for the Ln/An separation. In the present review, we made an attempt to highlight various separation processes based on soft donor ligands developed for Ln/An separations. Beside the conventional solvent extraction processes, separation possibilities membrane based and solid phase extraction techniques are evaluated for the Ln/An separation and are compiled in the present review.
Partial Plantar Fasciotomy Using Endoscope with Inner Two-Channel Portals Produced Better Functional Outcomes Than Mini-Open Procedures for The Treatment of Refractory Plantar Fasciitis

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of partial fasciotomy using two-channel arthroscope in the treatment of refractory plantar fasciitis, and to compare it with the clinical effects of partial fasciotomy using minimally invasive open. Methods: Sixty-two patients with refractory fasciitis admitted from January 2015 to July 2017 were randomly assigned to the arthroscopic group and the open surgery group. Arthroscopic partial section was performed using endoscope with inner two-channel portals. The open surgery group underwent partial sacral fascia resection with minimally invasive medial incision. Then compare the pain visual analogue scale (VAS), the American foot and ankle surgery association score (AOFAS), the calcaneodynia score (CS), and the medical outcomes short form 36-item (SF-36) health survey between the two groups. Results: All patients were followed up for at least 24 months, and there was no difference in follow-up between two groups. At the last follow-up, the patient's plantar pain symptoms completely disappeared. There was no recurrence of the bone spurs, and the ankle and foot movements were normal. There was no statistically significant difference in VAS, AOFAS, and CS scores between the two groups. The SF-36 score of the arthroscopy group is significantly higher than the open surgery group. Conclusions: Arthroscopic partial fascia resection with medial access provides better clinical outcomes than the open minimally-invasive surgery. Arthroscopic partial fasciotomy with the medial access provides a new option better than the open minimally-invasive surgery for postoperative daily life.
Dynamic Ice-Structure Interaction During Continuous Crushing,

Abstract : This report presents the results of dynamic ice-structure interaction model tests conducted at the CRREL Ice Engineering Facility. A flexible, single-pile, bottom-founded offshore structure was simulated by a test pile with about a one-to-ten scale ratio. Urea (instead of sodium chloride) was used as dopant to scale down the ice properties, resulting in good model ice properties. Six ice fields were frozen and 18 tests carried out. In all cases distinctive dynamic ice structure interaction vibrations appeared, from which abundant data were collected. In tests with linear ice velocity sweep, sawtooth-shaped ice force fluctuations occurred first. With increasing velocity the natural modes of the test pile were excited, and shifts from one mode to another occurred. The maximum ice force values appeared mostly with low loading rates, but high forces appeared random'y at high ice velocities. As a general trend, ice force maximums, averages and standard deviations decreased with increasing ice velocities. The aspect ratio effect of the ice force in continuous crushing follows the same dependence as in static loadings. The frequency of observed ice forces is strongly dominated by the natural modes of the structure. Dynamically unstable natural modes tend to make the developing ice force frequencies the same as the natural frequencies. Otherwise the resulting frequency depends directly on structural stiffness and ice velocity and inversely on the ice force range. During vibrations the displacement rates of the structure overcome the velocity of ice, making low loading rates and hence high ice forces possible. During crushing, ice induces both positive and negative damping.
Experiments on Circular Arc and Flat Plate Hydrofoils in Noncavitating and Full Cavity Flows

An investigation in the High Speed Water Tunnel of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic characteristics of sharp-edged hydrofoils is described. The lift, drag, and pitching moment were measured in cavitating and noncavitating flows for flat plate and circular arc profiles. The theory of Wu for the forces on sharp-edged profiles in full cavity flow and the experimental results showed good agreement over a wide range of attack angles.
Spatial and unobserved heterogeneity in consumer preferences for adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles: A Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach

Abstract The transition to low carbon vehicles known as alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) is well underway. This transition has been motivated partly by consumer demand and partly by legislation such as the Zero Emission Vehicle mandate, which requires manufacturers to sell a certain percentage of their vehicles as AFVs. While the long-term adoption of AFVs (specifically, electric and hybrids) may take several years, there is a need to understand consumer preferences for AFV adoption and the pathways of AFV adoption from a national perspective. Therefore, this study sought to provide information about consumer preferences regarding AFV ownership while considering spatial and unobserved heterogeneity in consumer preferences, which can potentially impact societal transition to low carbon fueled vehicles. The 2017 National Household Travel Survey was used to calibrate Bayesian logit and hierarchical models. The findings of these models reveal that higher gasoline prices contribute toward the adoption of battery electric vehicles. The results also reveal that the perceived disadvantages of AFVs for long commutes are the key barrier in wider adoption of AFVs. Interestingly, frequent use of the internet by consumers revealed a higher likelihood for purchase of hybrid vehicles. Furthermore, West Coast residents are observed to be a large portion of the early adopters and are more likely to purchase hybrids as compared to battery electric vehicles. The knowledge generated by this study has implications for making better informed decisions about AFV adoption and developing incentives to promote wider adoption of AFVs by overcoming their perceived disadvantages.
Geology Data Package for the Single-Shell Tank Waste Management Areas at the Hanford Site

This data package discusses the geology of the single-shell tank (SST) farms and the geologic history of the area. The purpose of this report is to provide the most recent geologic information available for the SST farms. This report builds upon previous reports on the tank farm geology and Integrated Disposal Facility geology with information available after those reports were published.
Permeation of BTEX compounds through HDPE pipes under simulated field conditions

Pipe‐bottle tests were conducted to investigate the permeation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds through 1‐in. ‐diameter high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe exposed to gasoline‐contaminated water and gasolinecontaminated unsaturated soil. Using the time‐lag method, the concentrationdependent diffusion coefficients of BTEX compounds were estimated to be on the order of ~2 to ~9 × 10‐9 cm2/s. Smaller pipes were more vulnerable to permeation than larger pipes, and pipes subject to periodic stagnation were more likely to exceed the maximum contaminant level of benzene than were pipes with continuous water flow. Under otherwise identical conditions, HDPE pipes buried in a soil of high organic matter were permeated to a lesser extent than pipes buried in a soil of low organic matter for exposure times exceeding 30 days.
LARGE SCALE LOAD TESTS AND DATA BASE OF SPREAD FOOTINGS ON SAND

Spread footings are most often less expensive than deep foundations. In an effort to improve the reliability of spread footings, this research project was undertaken. The results consist of: (1) a user friendly microcomputer data base of spread footings, case histories and load tests; (2) the performance of five large scale square footings in sand; (3) an evaluation of the current accuracy of settlement and bearing capacity prediction methods; (4) observations on the scale effect, the zone of influence, the creep settlement, and soil heterogeneity; (5) a new and simple method to predict the complete load settlement curve for a footing as well as several correlations; and (6) evaluation of the WAK test, a dynamic test for spread footings.
Methylene blue adsorption onto an eco-friendly modified polyacrylamide/graphite composites: Investigation of kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies

ABSTRACT Batch adsorption system using eco-friendly glucose and glucosamine grafted polyacrylamide/graphite composites were investigated to eliminate methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. The effect adsorption parameters reveal that pseudo-second order and Langmuir model exhibited good correlation with the adsorption kinetic and isotherm data for pollutant, respectively. Furthermore, an increase in pH from 2 to 11 was accompanied by an approximately fourfold increase in the amount of dye adsorbed. The maximum removal efficiency of MB was 96.23% under optimum conditions with equilibrium time of 40 min. The thermodynamic data supported its spontaneous and endothermic property of adsorption process. A possible adsorption mechanism has been proposed, where H-bonding and electrostatic interactions dominated the adsorption of dye.
Modeling of opencast mines using Surpac and its optimization

In this developing world, the demand for raw materials is increasing at a steady rate, in order to bridge the gap between supply and demand, technological advancement and automation in production method is needed. Since the raw materials are non-replenishable in nature and have took millions of years in their formation, so these resources should be judiciously used with maximum extraction level and aiming for zero mining waste, while adhering to all safety and regulatory norms. In this project, an effort have been made to estimate the resource using Surpac software for ore modeling and optimization algorithm are used for optimizing the shape of the pit and in ultimate pit design to ensure maximum extraction of the deposit. If the available mineral resources are not properly utilized then the cost of production will increase and hence company may lose in this competitive environment. So to ensure that efficient utilization of available resources in terms of shovels and dumpers and other face machinery available, a C++ program have been developed which can dynamically allocate the dumper to the nearest available shovel obeying various constraints to ensure that the production target is reached and the process is fully optimized.
Noninvasive Warning Indicator of the Red Zone of Potential Thermal Injury and Performance Impairment: A Pilot Study

Abstract : The guidelines for assessing worker's level of heat strain in order to prevent thermal injury and performance impairment has been widely adapted in industries to promote workers' health and safety. Core temperature (Tcore) is a common physiological parameter used in the guidelines for heat stress; however, measuring Tcore may be invasive and impractical for real time monitoring a worker's health status. This study is a preliminary investigation of non-invasive warning indicator, Red Zone (RZ), for heat strain derived from the combination of heart rate (HR) and skin temperature (Tskin). Individual data from five datasets (Age = 22 plus or minus 5 yrs, BMI = 23.0 plus or minus 2.6, N = 43) were utilized to establish the RZ system. Analysis of the termination points relative to Tskin and HR were identified, along with Body Mass Index for individual differences. The data classified by RZ system were compared to their individual Tcore, using Fisher's exact test. Overall, the data points classified by the RZ system showed relatively good agreement (60-80% probability) with Tcore (p < 0.05). The RZ is a reasonable approach to warn occupational workers that they are approaching or/under thermal strain.
Atypical course of Parkinson’s disease with clinical manifestations of Huntington’s disease in a patient with an allele of 27 CAG repeats in the HTT gene

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant progressive neurodegenerative disease. Its molecular cause is a cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeat dynamic expansion in the huntingtin ( HTT ) gene. Alleles with 36–39 CAG-repeats are incompletely penetrant, as individuals might develop symptoms but typically with a later age of onset. When repeats are equal or greater than 40, the symptoms of the disease occur. It is considered that CAG-repeats in the “intermediate” alleles (27–35 repeats) also cause the symptoms of the HD. We present here the case of a patient who has clinical phenotype and family history of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but 27 CAG-repeats. The feature of this patient is early development of non-motor manifestations such as cognitive impairment, psychotic disorders, early dystonia in a hand, camptocormia and poor response to levodopa. It is believed that the intermediate allele of HTT gene might modify the clinical phenotype of PD in this patient.
Exposure to Police Use of Force, Perceived Police Legitimacy, and Personal Safety Interventions Among Black Emerging Adult College Students

Objective: Exposure to police violence is a public health concern for Black emerging adults ages 18–29 given its prevalence and association with negative health outcomes. However, research examining the role of perceived police legitimacy in the relationship between exposure to police use of force and personal safety interventions is scant. This study investigated the mediating role of perceived police legitimacy in the relationship between exposure to police use of force and personal safety interventions (reliance on police, self, or others) in a sample of Black emerging adults. Method: We administered computer-assisted surveys to English-speaking Black emerging-adult college students (N=300) in St. Louis, MO, with a history of exposure to police use of force. Results: Findings from a bivariate analysis showed that exposures to police use of force as a victim, witness, or in the media were all significantly associated with perceptions of police as being less legitimate. In addition, findings from a path analysis revealed an indirect-only mediation effect of perceptions of police as being less legitimate in the relationship between seeing videos of police use of force in media and less reliance on police for personal safety. Conclusions: Attenuating gratuitous police use of force toward Black emerging adults is paramount for improving perceived legitimacy and trust in police to ensure personal safety for this population.
MULTIVERSE: Mining Collective Data Science Knowledge from Code on the Web to Suggest Alternative Analysis Approaches

Data analyses are based on a series of "decision points" including data filtering, feature operationalization and selection, model specification, and parametric assumptions. "Multiverse Analysis" research has shown that a lack of exploration of these decisions can lead to non-robust conclusions based on highly sensitive decision points. Importantly, even if myopic analyses are technically correct, analysts' focus on one set of decision points precludes them from exploring alternate formulations that may produce very different results. Prior work has also shown that analysts' exploration is often limited based on their training, domain, and personal experience. However, supporting analysts in exploring alternative approaches is challenging and typically requires expert feedback that is costly and hard to scale. Here, we formulate the tasks of identifying decision points and suggesting alternative analysis approaches as a classification task and a sequence-to-sequence prediction task, respectively. We leverage public collective data analysis knowledge in the form of code submissions to the popular data science platform Kaggle to build the first predictive model which supports Multiverse Analysis. Specifically, we mine this code repository for 70k small differences between 40k submissions, and demonstrate that these differences often highlight key decision points and alternative approaches in their respective analyses.We leverage information on relationships within libraries through neural graph representation learning in a multitask learning framework. We demonstrate that our model, MULTIVERSE, is able to correctly predict decision points with up to 0.81 ROC AUC, and alternative code snippets with up to 50.3% GLEU, and that it performs favorably compared to a suite of baselines and ablations. We show that when our model has perfect information about the location of decision points, say provided by the analyst, its performance increases significantly from 50.3% to 73.4% GLEU. Finally, we show through a human evaluation that real data analysts find alternatives provided by MULTIVERSE to be more reasonable, acceptable, and syntactically correct than alternatives from comparable baselines, including other transformer-based seq2seq models.
WHAT WORKS IN CRIME PREVENTION: AN OVERVIEW OF EVALUATIONS

In this review of 122 evaluations of crime prevention projects, the measures evaluated were grouped into six general categories: campaigns and publicity; policing and other surveillance; environmental design or improvement; social and community services; security devices; target removal or modification. Using objective indices of crime, about half of the measures evaluated were found to be effective. Successes were documented in all six categories of measures, but target removal or modification enjoyed the largest number of successes and social and community services the least.