Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gases fumarólicos de la isla Decepción (Shetland del Sur, Antártida): Variaciones químicas y depósitos vinculados a la crisis sísmica de 1999

The Fumarolic Gases at Deception Island (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica). Chemical Changes and Deposits Related to Seismic Crisis of 1999. The compositional changes of fumarolic gases and chemical deposits that were generated in the vents of Deception Island fumaroles are studied. These chemical changes came out after the seismic crisis that happened during the summer of 1999. The most important characteristics of these changes are the homogenization of the chemical composition of the gas flow of F2 and F3 fumaroles and the increase of sulfur dioxide content (SO 2 was not detected in previous years). Also, as a consequence of the SO 2 increase, deposits of elemental sulfur and framboidal pyrite were formed in the fumarole F3 vent. Sodium and magnesium chlorides deposits were produced in the fumaroles F2 and submerged near to the coast due to the increase of HCl in the fumarolic gases. These superficial manifestations could show a new input of magmatic gases associated with possible shallow intrusions. The relative importance of these superficial manifestations is analyzed and the possibility that can be used as volcanic precursor is discussed.
Drone-YOLO: Improved YOLO for Small Object Detection in UAV

In recent years, object detection in the context of UAV images has seen tremendous progress. However, small object detection still presents a great challenge. The poor performance of detectors on small objects can be attributed to multiple reasons, on one hand, deep networks' abilities are inherently limited with regard to small objects due to having multiple layers of abstractions, on the other hand, most training datasets suffer from class and size imbalance which hinders the model's ability to generalize over a wide range of scales. To overcome these limitations, and improve the accuracy of detection for small objects, we introduce an improved feature pyramid structure based on attentive feature fusion factor, lightweight joint attention to guide multi-scale feature fusion across multiple FPN layers to avoid small object information loss. We also propose a novel copy-paste data augmentation scheme to mitigate the size imbalance issue across datasets allowing better small objects contribution to the overall training loss. We evaluate our model on both MS COCO and VisDrone datasets, experiment results on MS COCO show an improvement of 1.4% and 2.7% on $\text{mAP}_{small}$ and AP respectively compared to the baseline. On VisDrone we achieve competitive results compared to SOTA detectors.
Properties of chondrules in EL3 chondrites, comparison with EH3 chondrites, and the implications for the formation of enstatite chondrites

Abstract— The study of chondrules provides information about processes occurring in the early solar system. In order to ascertain to what extent these processes played a role in determining the properties of the enstatite chondrites, the physical and chemical properties of chondrules from three EL3 chondrites and three EH3 chondrites have been examined by optical, cathodoluminescence (CL), and electron microprobe techniques. Properties examined include size, texture, CL, and composition of both individual phases and bulk chondrules. The textures, distribution of textures, and composition of silicates of the EL3 chondrules resemble those of EH3 chondrules. However, the chondrules from the two classes differ in that (1) the size distribution of the EL chondrules is skewed to larger values than EH chondrules, (2) the enstatite in EL chondrules displays varying shades of red CL due to the presence of fine‐grained sulfides and metal in the silicates, and (3) the mesostasis of EH chondrules is enriched in Na relative to that of EL chondrules. The similarities between the chondrules of the two classes suggest similar precursor materials, while the differences suggest that there was not a single reservoir of meteoritic chondrules, but that their origin was fairly local. The differences in the size distribution of chondrules in EH and EL chondrites may be explained by aerodynamic and gravitational sorting during accumulation of the meteoric material, while differences in CL and mesostasis properties may reflect differences in formation conditions and cooling rate following chondrule formation. We argue that our observations are consistent with the formation of enstatite chondrites in a thick dynamic regolith on their parent body.
Comparative leaf morphology spectra of plant communities in New Zealand, the Andes and the European Alps

Leaf morphology of native vegetation has often been interpreted as a sensitive indicator of environmental conditions, presumably as a result of natural selection. If environmental pressures act as a selective force on community leaf morphology, then we would expect a high degree of similarity in similar environments, regardless of biogeographic origin of the flora. A comparative study of full regional floras of alpine vascular plants was undertaken to test the sensitivity of leaf morphology to macro‐environmental conditions. Five alpine sites and one lowland (control) site were selected in southern New Zealand spanning 1.5° latitude and 2323 m. Three sites with equivalent alpine environments were selected in South America across a 60° latitudinal and 4200 m altitudinal span with subtropical forest used as a control. A further alpine site from the European Alps was included as an outlier. Twenty leaf parameters were obtained for 2143 taxonomic entities x sites. Both the mean and the frequency distribution .
Mechanical System of Spinal Needle Puncture Test

The inconsistency of needle visibility in spinal needle puncture requires accuracy in spinal needle positioning based on the angle and depth of the spinal needle. A tool is made to replicate spinal needle puncture with angle and depth parameters. The tool can move in 3-DOF, namely axial, lateral, and elevation as well as angles to the axial and lateral, which is called linear movement. And the tool can move based on an angle which is called angular movement. The movement of the system is done by stepper motor, servo motor, leadscrew, nut. Testing distances and angles based on a comparison of input values with actual values produces an accuracy value of 99%.
Observations of radiated and conducted emissions from an Electric Plane charging station

The paper reports a set of radiated and conducted emissions recorded at an electric airplane's charging station located in Sweden. The measurement exercise undertaken shows the existence of supraharmonic frequency components exceeding the IEC 61000-2-2 limits in the frequency range 129 to 147 kHz. These components are visible in the radiated emissions recorded at the test site as well. Observations of the measured common mode current offer a possible explanation for the radiated magnetic field recorded at the test site in the sub 150 kHz band.
Explainable-DSE: An Agile and Explainable Exploration of Efficient HW/SW Codesigns of Deep Learning Accelerators Using Bottleneck Analysis

Effective design space exploration (DSE) is paramount for hardware/software codesigns of deep learning accelerators that must meet strict execution constraints. For their vast search space, existing DSE techniques can require excessive trials to obtain a valid and efficient solution because they rely on black-box explorations that do not reason about design inefficiencies. In this paper, we propose Explainable-DSE – a framework for the DSE of accelerator codesigns using bottleneck analysis. By leveraging information about execution costs from bottleneck models, our DSE is able to identify bottlenecks and reason about design inefficiencies, thereby making bottleneck-mitigating acquisitions in further explorations. We describe the construction of bottleneck models for DNN accelerators. We also propose an API for expressing domain-specific bottleneck models and interfacing them with the DSE framework. Acquisitions of our DSE systematically cater to multiple bottlenecks that arise in executions of multi-functional workloads or multiple workloads with diverse execution characteristics. Evaluations for recent computer vision and language models show that Explainable-DSE mostly explores effectual candidates, achieving codesigns of 6 × lower latency in 47 × fewer iterations vs. non-explainable DSEs using evolutionary or ML-based optimizations. By taking minutes or tens of iterations, it enables opportunities for runtime DSEs.
Effects of Snail Bellamya purificata Farming at Different Stocking Densities on the Algal and Fungal Communities in Sediment

The snail Bellamya purificata is recognized as a potential bio-remediation species, and is commonly employed in polyculture to enhance resource utilization efficiency and realize culture environment regulation. In order to enrich the microbiome studies on elucidating the ecological effects of snail B. purificata farming, we assessed the effect of B. purificata farming activities, at varying stocking densities, on the algal and fungal communities in sediment. Four experimental groups were established in our study, each corresponding to a different stocking density: 0, 234.38, 468.75, and 937.5 g/m2, represented as CON, LD, MD, and HD, respectively. High-throughput sequencing based on ITS and 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes was employed to analyze the variations in algal and fungal communities under B. purificata farming activities at different stocking densities. B. purificata farming activities had no significant effect on the alpha diversities of fungal and algal communities, but significantly altered the compositions of fungal and algal communities in sediments, especially B. purificata farming activity at low stocking density. B. purificata farming activities at low stocking density could significantly increase the relative abundances of fungal genera Paraconiothyrium and Penicillium compared with the CON group. The promoting effect diminished with increasing density. B. purificata farming activities at low or medium stocking density also could enhance the relative abundances of algal genera Microchloropsis, Scenedesmus, and Auxenochlorella. Hence, B. purificata farming activity at low stocking density might be the optimum density to enhance resource utilization efficiency and minimize environmental pollution.
Characterisation of Isidis Planitia and the Beagle 2 Landing Site on Mars

Isidis Planitia is a large impact basin on Mars. I have determined that the extensive numbers of sub-kilometre sized cones and cone chains in the basin are the result of deposition of sediments by retreating ice in a process analogous to terrestrial terminal moraine formation, along with the formation of pingos, mud- and cryovolcanoes by the expansion of freezing fronts into a subsurface containing liquid water. I have interpreted the sinuous ridges within the basin as analogous to terrestrial eskers. Much of the research I have carried out uses Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data to study the topography of the basin. I have interpolated and detrended the data in order to detect subtle variations in topography that are obscured by the the basin slope. I have analysed the large scale ridges within the basin, determining that they are the result of compressional tectonics forming normal faults, analogous to lunar wrinkle ridges. I have demonstrated that a model involving tectonic loading of the basin convincingly explains the division of ridges into an inner zone of concentric thrusting faults, and an outer zone of radially thrusting faults, and also provides an explanation for the gravitational anomaly found within the basin. I have analysed the larger impact craters in the basin, and determined that they show evidence of interaction with buried volatiles at the time of their formation. I have also identified a number of previously unknown buried craters within the basin, and calculated the age of the buried unit in which they formed to be Lower-to-mid-Hesperian. I have investigated thermal and other surface properties of the basin surface. Finally, I have drawn the available evidence together to determine a history of events that have shaped the surface and subsurface of the basin during the Hesperian and Amazonian Epochs.
Chronologic Change and Clinicopatiologic Characteristics of Gastric Cancer Patients Over 70 Years of Age

Chronologic change and clinicopathology of 299 gastric cancer patients over 70 years of age (old group) were examined by comparing with those of 307 patients under 50 years of age (young group), and the histogenesis was discussed. The patients of the old group increased significantly in frequency from 9.9 % in the 1960's to 33.9 % in the 1990's, and the patients of the young group decreased clearly from 23.5 % in the 1960's to 9.4 % in the 1990's. However, no signifi cant difference was found in the frequency of patients between 50 and 69 among 4 periods from the 1960's to the 1990's. In 6 out of 12 clinicopathologic fac tors, significant difference were found between both groups; male, tumor of lower 3rd of the stomach, macroscopic localized type in advanced cancer and protruded and elevated types in early cancer, liver metastasis, differntiated adenocarcinoma and venous invasion were significantly more in the old group than in the young group. From the results, it is suggested that the frequency of gastric cancer in Japan increases recently in the old group and decreases in the young group. His togenetically, differentiated adenocarcinoma originating from intestinal metaplasia is suggested to arise more frequently in the former than in the latter.
Effects of construction and operation phases on residential property prices of the Caribbean's first modern rail transit system

The empirical issue of the rate of capitalization of the benefits of proximity to a public heavy rail transit system is investigated. In San Juan, Puerto Rico, we find that during the construction period that there is no proximity premium to residences close to the rail line. When pooling house sales data for the construction and operation phase, the estimated proximity premium is one-half the price premium estimated once operation commences. We attribute this lack of proximity premium during construction to the uncertainty regarding completion of such large projects by a government with a poor track record of completing large public projects as announced, and the inconvenience associated with living close to the construction activity. Once the rail transit system begins operation, the uncertainty and inconvenience are eliminated, and the price premium for proximity becomes statistically significant, and twice as large as when pooling construction and operation phases.
Diarrhea in Hospitalized Children in Tertiary Hospital

: Diarrheal diseases are a great public health problem that leads to morbidity and mortality of infants and children particularly in developing countries and even in developed countries. The aim of the study was to determine the etiology of acute diarrhea in young children. This is a retrospective study. A total of 345 cases of acute diarrhea mainly in children below 5 years of age admitted at tertiary care Pediatric hospital in University Center “Mother Theresa” over the period 2011-2013 were included in the study. Medical history, diarrhea symptoms, treatment prior to hospitalization and demographics were obtained from medical records. Stool samples were analyzed for parasites, rotavirus and enteric bacteria. Of the total samples examined, 181 (53.3%) were positive for at least one pathogen: bacterial pathogens were isolated from 11 (3.2%) samples, parasites from 51 (14.8%), and rotavirus from 122 (35.8%) Etiologic data on diarrheal diseases and are important tools for clinical management and control strategic planning.
QuitPuff: A Simple Method using Lipid Peroxidative Changes in Saliva to Assess the Risk of Oral Pre-cancerous Lesions and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Chronic Smokers

27 MAR 2019 | VOL 2 | 1 towards early detection and prevention can help reduce this burden. The high prevalence of oral cancer in India is mainly due to the influence of tobacco and betel quid chewing (4). Greater than 90% of patients with oral cancer report using tobacco products (5). The incidence of oral cancer in patients who smoke and chew tobacco is 8.4 times greater than that of patients who do not (6). Globally, the 5-year mortality rate of oral cancer is approximately 50% and has not improved despite advances in diagnostic techniques and improvements in treatment modalities (4). The high mortality rate in oral cancer is attributed to late diagnosis, which is either due to lack of knowledge or access to medical care (1,2,7). Most patients seek help only in later stages when symptoms like pain, ulceration, or a neck mass appear (1). Detection of an oral cancer at stage I carries a prognosis of 80% survival, while the same lesion at stage III carries a prognosis of 20% survival (8). This difference could affect not only the quality of life for the patients, but also the cost of the medical treatment. Thus, there is a need for improvement in early risk detection of oral carcinomas, because in the initial and pre-cancerous stages, treatment is more effective and morbidity is minimal.
Estimating NO2 dry deposition using satellite data in eastern China

The spatial and temporal characters of ground-level NO2 concentration over eastern China were retrieved from the monthly averaged tropospheric NO2 column densities from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME, data used in this study are from April 1996 to December 2002) and Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY, data used in this study are from January 2003 to December 2011) measurements. Together with the NO2 concentration and the dry deposition velocity maps of eastern China, the fluxes of NO2 dry deposition were estimated for three specific regions. The results indicated that the surface NO2 concentration in eastern China increased dramatically from 1996 to 2011, and it showed distinct regional and seasonal variational characteristics. The highest concentration occurred in winter while the lowest occurred in summer. There was also variation in the spatial distribution with the peak value of NO2 concentration appearing in the plains of north China (R1), the Yangtze River delta (R2), and the Pearl River delta (R3). A sharp increase of NO2 concentration appeared in R1 and R2, while it was invariant or showed an obvious decrease in R3 during the period of 1996–2011. Furthermore, we compared the NO2 dry deposition fluxes estimated from the ground-level NO2 concentration and the dry deposition velocity of NO2 with the mass concentration of NO2 dry deposition that, measured from the control experiments and by consulting the published literature, showed a significant correlation (P < 0.001) and had a high R value (R = 0.73). The results also indicated that the NO2 dry deposition fluxes increased over eastern China, with a maximum value of 8.25 kg N ha−1 yr−1 from 1996 to 2011 in R3, while the value was characterized by fluxes of less than 2.27 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in R2. When comparing the NO2 dry deposition over different land covers, the values distinctly peaked over artificial surfaces and evergreen forests, with maximum values of 10.07 and 9.49 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in R1, 5.05 and 4.94 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in R2, and 20.95 and 23.15 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in R3. However, the lowest value of NO2 dry deposition flux appeared over needleleaf forests, with 0.53, 0.24, and 1.29 kg N ha−1 yr−1 for R1, R2, and R3, respectively.
Analysis of yield components and their association for enhancing grain yield in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) under saline-sodicity reclaimed condition

Experiment was conducted to assess direction, magnitude of association of different characters and contribution of various traits on yield for 143 wheat genotypes in which grain yield was assumed as dependent character. The variation due to checks was significant for all the character except for peduncle length and plant height while mean squares due to blocks were non-significant for all the characters except plant height and grain yield which indicated that the experimental site was heterogeneous. Highly significant and positive correlations were exerted in case of biological yield followed by productive tillers per plant, grains per spike, test weight, spike length while significant and positive association was observed for flag leaf area, harvest index and plant height. Path-coefficient analysis revealed that biological yield has high order of direct positive effect followed by harvest index, test weight, spike length, plant height, Productive tillers plant-1 and flag leaf area while other traits exhibited very low or negative direct effect on grain yield. The characters identified above can practiced for obtaining high yielding cultivar.
Gas hydrate dissociation in sediments: Pressure‐temperature evolution

Hydrate‐bearing sediments may destabilize spontaneously as part of geological processes, unavoidably during petroleum drilling/production operations or intentionally as part of gas extraction from the hydrate itself. In all cases, high pore fluid pressure generation is anticipated during hydrate dissociation. A comprehensive formulation is derived for the prediction of fluid pressure evolution in hydrate‐bearing sediments subjected to thermal stimulation without mass transfer. The formulation considers pressure‐ and temperature‐dependent volume changes in all phases, effective stress‐controlled sediment compressibility, capillarity, and the relative solubilities of fluids. Salient implications are explored through parametric studies. The model properly reproduces experimental data, including the PT evolution along the phase boundary during dissociation and the effect of capillarity. Pore fluid pressure generation is proportional to the initial hydrate fraction and the sediment bulk stiffness; is inversely proportional to the initial gas fraction and gas solubility; and is limited by changes in effective stress that cause the failure of the sediment. When the sediment stiffness is high, the generated pore pressure reflects thermal and pressure changes in water, hydrate, and mineral densities. Comparative analyses for CO2 and CH4 highlight the role of gas solubility in excess pore fluid pressure generation. Dissociation in small pores experiences melting point depression due to changes in water activity, and lower pore fluid pressure generation due to the higher gas pressure in small gas bubbles. Capillarity effects may be disregarded in silts and sands, when hydrates are present in nodules and lenses and when the sediment experiences hydraulic fracture.
Changes in ultraviolet radiation due to stratospheric and tropospheric ozone changes since preindustrial times

This paper estimates global changes in ultraviolet radiation since preindustrial times, resulting from anthropogenic stratospheric and tropospheric ozone changes. A sophisticated radiative transfer scheme is employed to calculate changes in the diurnally integrated UVB (defined here as 280–320 nm) and erythemally weighted (EER) irradiance reaching the Earth's surface. Stratospheric ozone changes are obtained from combining total ozone mapping spectrometer satellite data with Dobson ground-based instrument data. Tropospheric ozone changes are estimated from the University of Oslo three-dimensional chemical transport model. These ozone trend data are combined in three ways to calculate the associated ultraviolet trend and estimate its uncertainty. We show that in low latitudes a significant (up to 5% for UVB and 9% for EER) decrease in surface UV may have occurred, due to tropospheric ozone increases. Large UV increases are found at high latitudes, with up to 60% increases in October and 20% increases in April. The possible effects of soot and sulphate aerosol changes on the UV are also briefly examined; increased aerosol amounts may have decreased surface UVB and EER by up to 7% locally and about 2% on a global average.