Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proximate Composition, Microbial Quality and Consumer Acceptability of Gruel from Fermented Maize and Soybean

Gruel is an acid-fermented cereal food product mostly made from maize and wrapped in banana leaves. This study was aimed at producing an enriched gruel from maize by incorporating soybean. Maize and soybeans pastes were mixed in ratios of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 to produce maize-soy gruel. Proximate, sensory and microbial analyses were carried out on the samples using standard methods. The proximate result shows that moisture content decreased from 35.22% in 100:0 to 25.97% in 50:50 maize-soy gruels. Protein content increased from 6.56% in 100:0 to 14.84% and 16.75% in 60:40 and 50:50 maize-soy ratio respectively. The carbohydrate content decreased from 55.01% in 100:0 to 47.92% in 60:40 maize-soy ratios while the ash content, fat content and crude fiber content increased from 100:0 maize to 50:50 maize and soybeans with values of 1.21% to 3.77%, 1.25% to 4.88% and 0.74% to 2.71% respectively. The maize-soy of 100:0 and 80:20 were highly acceptable by the sensory evaluators whereas addition of soybeans up to levels above 20% affected the colour of the samples. The microbial load of the samples stored at room temperature increased with increasing soybeans composition with values ranging between 3.0 x 105 to 26.0 x 105 cfu/g for bacterial count and 4.0 x 105 to 24.0 x 105 cfu/g for mould count. This work has shown that maize-soy gruel will make a balanced meal that is affordable and acceptable to the consumers.
A spatial reconstruction of Siberian Last Glacial Maximum climate from pollen data

The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, around 21.000 years before present) was a period with significantly colder global mean temperature, large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, and lower CO2 concentrations. Siberia was affected by a lower sea level which led to a closed Bering strait and a northward shift of the Arctic Ocean coastline. However, unlike other high-latitude areas, Siberia was not covered by a terrestrial ice sheet at that time. Climate simulations with LGM boundary conditions show large inter-model differences especially in Northern Siberia, which impede a direct analysis of Siberian LGM climate from simulations. Preserved pollen samples provide information on the LGM vegetation and climate state. We reconstruct mean temperature of the warmest month and mean annual precipitation from a network of pollen samples using weighted averaging partial least squares transfer functions. Combining these local reconstructions with a multi-model ensemble of PMIP3 climate simulations in a Bayesian framework, we obtain the first probabilistic spatial reconstruction of Siberian LGM climate. Our reconstruction shows less cold summer temperature anomalies along the coastlines than in Western Siberia, and a weaker precipitation reduction in Eastern Siberia compared to Western Siberia. Finally, we quantify the mismatch between each ensemble member and the proxy data. By examining common features among similarly performing simulations, we find that most simulations with a comparatively warm and wet Siberian climate score better. Our data constrained state estimate is well-suited for future analyses of Siberian LGM climate. Potential applications include the investigation of reasons for the absence of a Siberian ice sheet during the LGM, the quantification of land-atmosphere carbon fluxes, and the estimation of past afforestation rates.
The Relationship of Independence Auditors, Materiality and Risk on the Quality Reduction of Type Audit Replacing and Altering Audit Process with Non Assurans Services as Variabel Moderating (Empirical Study in Jakarta Public Accountant Office)

The aim of this study is to investigates the role of auditor Independence and materiality and risk on audit quality reduction, which is mediated by non audit service. In order to generate the goal of the study, we conduct a survey study at the public accounting firm. We test our 246 usable data from public accountant using Structural Equation Modelling analysis. The results indicate that eirther auditor ethics or materiality and risk had a negative effect on reduced audit quality Replacing and altering of audit process. Otherwise non audit services mediate the relationship between auditor auditor independence and materiality and risk to audit quality reduction.
Structural and energetic properties of pentacene derivatives and heterostructures

The scope of this work is the combination of the organic semiconductor pentacene (PEN) with different conjugated organic molecules to form application relevant heterostructures in vacuum sublimed films. Following a multi-technique approach – comprising x-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy – PEN heterostructures with (i) fullerene (C60), (ii) perfluoropentacene (PFP) and (iii) 6,13-pentacenequinone (PQ) were thoroughly characterized to judge on the respective application potential for organic electronic devices. (i) PEN heterostructures with C60 were investigated regarding the correlation of energetic, structural and morphological properties with the performance of organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs) for both layered and mixed structures. Morphological rather than energetic or structural issues were identified to account for performance differences of bulk-heterojunction OPVCs compared to layered devices. (ii) Structural investigations were carried out on pure PFP films as well as on layered and mixed heterostructures with PEN. The thin film polymorph of PFP was solved and it is evidenced that blended films form a mixed crystal structure. This result led to the finding of both fundamental and application-related relevance that the ionization energy of organic films composed of molecules with intramolecular polar bonds (like C-H and C-F for PEN and PFP, respectively), can be tuned through the mixing ratio of the compounds. (iii) For pure PQ films a so far unknown thin film polymorph on silicon-oxide substrates was solved using x-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping evidencing a loss of the herringbone arrangement known from the PQ bulk structure. For PEN heterostructures with PQ a highly molecularorientation dependent ionization energy and energy level offsets interesting for the use in OPVCs were found. Mixed films of PEN and PQ exhibit phase separation and no intercalation was found even at PQ concentrations as low as 2%. Finally, the possible oxidation of PEN to PQ under oxygen exposure was investigated via the defined exposure of PEN films and single crystals to O2 and/or water and to reactive oxygen species. It is demonstrated that O2 and water do not react noticeably with PEN, whereas singlet oxygen and ozone readily oxidize the PEN film, however, producing highly volatile reaction products instead of PQ.
ANATOMICAL AND SOME MORPHOMETRICAL FEATURES OF SMALL INTESTINE IN ADULT LOCAL SHEEP (OVIS ARIES) IN IRAQ

This study was conducted on 10 samples of small intestine for adult local sheep in Iraq. General gross description of intestine was done in situ immediately after animal slaughter whereas further study like morphometrical parameters related to the weight and length were completed in laboratory. The result proved that the intestine was pale pink to gray in color composed of three segments : the duodenum, the first part that start after the end of abomasum, jejunum, the middle and longest part and ileum, the terminal and shortest segment with no clear anatomical demarcation lines separating between them. These segments were situated at the right halve of abdomen attached to the right half abdominal wall and related to the dorsal aspect of the abdominal cavity. The result showed that the small intestine was nourished with blood vessels through two main Sources: the celiac trunk and the cranial mesenteric trunk; both of them were branched from common trunk named celiaco-mesenteric which arise from the aorta.
Meckel’s Diverticulum in Paediatric Age Group: A Spectrum of Clinical Presentations and its Management

Original Research Article Meckel,s Diverticulum is a true diverticulum which is seen in approximately 2% of the population. The presentation of which may range from asymptomatic to gastrointestinal bleeding to intestinal obstruction. This wide range of presentations makes it a difficult entity to diagnose. In view of this, we conducted a study between the period of Jan 2017 to Dec 2017 including all suspected cases of Meckel’s Diverticulum, in order to study the various modes of presentation, the intraoperative management and the postoperative outcome. In our study, out of a total of 14 patients, 6 patients presented with intestinal obstruction, 3 patients with peritonitis, 2 patients were suspected to have appendicitis and in 3 patients, Meckel’s Diverticulum was an incidental finding. In all the above patients, wedge resection of the Diverticulum was performed.
Use of farrowing rate as a measure of fertility of boars.

The first 100 single-boar services of 140 boars were analyzed to determine whether the farrowing rate resulting from initial services predicted the farrowing rate of subsequent services. The data were analyzed for the influence of parity, number of matings per estrus, season of service, and interaction of these variables on farrowing rate. Sow parity influenced farrowing rate. Sows with parity greater than 8 and gilts had the lowest farrowing rates (P less than 0.01). Sows with parity 2 through 5 had the highest farrowing rates (P less than 0.01). One and 2 matings/estrus resulted in reduced farrowing rates (P less than 0.01), compared with farrowing rates of greater than 2 matings/estrus. Farrowing rate for services during the summer was lower than that for other seasons of the year (P less than 0.01). Evidence of interaction among these variables was not found. Therefore, the results of each service recorded was adjusted to the mean farrowing rate of sows with parity 2 through 5, sows mated greater than or equal to 3 times/service, and sows serviced in the spring. After these adjustments, the farrowing rates for the first 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 services were analyzed to determine associations with farrowing rates for subsequent services through 100 farrowings. These data also were analyzed to determine whether the associations were strengthened by removal of the first 10 services from the data. The best farrowing rate association indicated that for each 1% increase in farrowing rate subsequent to the first 50 services, the farrowing rate for the second 50 services increased 0.33% (P less than 0.01). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sigal's Ineffective Computer-Based Practice of Arithmetic: A Case Study

Sigal, a second-grade girl in Israel, was observed for several months while practicing arithmetic with a structured and controlled computer-assisted instruction (CAI) system. Sigal was average in arithmetic in her class, enjoyed the computer practice, and believed that it helped her in arithmetic. However, observations showed that she consistently failed to solve problems on the computer that she could do successfully with paper and pencil. She was therefore given CAI practice well below her real arithmetic ability. She often oscillated among a few types of exercises, sometimes regressing rather than advancing upward in the hierarchical levels of practice. Several kinds of interventions did not bring about substantial improvement in her work with the computer. Continued observations in the following 2 years showed almost no change in her CAI-related behavior. This paper suggests the reasons for Sigal's problems with the CAI practice and draws implications for CAI design and implementation.
Dampier Archaeological Project: Resource Document, Survey and Salvage of Aboriginal Sites, Burrup Peninsula, Western Australia by Patricia Vinnicombe

This report represents the culmination of two years' field research funded by Woodside Offshore Petroleum Pty Ltd, recording and salvaging Aboriginal sites on the company's leases on the Burrup Peninsula. It is a glossy publication containing many photographs (including several colour plates), full data lists and well constructed data tables. The fieldwork was undertaken in 1980-81 and this report is the final of a series of three. The principal objectives of the report are stated as being to outline the context in which the survey and salvage project was carried out, to describe the archaeological work achieved on the Peninsula and to summarise the present status and location of the finds and records (p.vii).
Environmental Soil Chemistry

Environmental Soil Chemistry: An Overview: Evolution of Soil Chemistry. The Modern Environmental Movement. Contaminants in Waters and Soils. Case Study of Pollution of Soils and Waters. Soil Decontamination. Inorganic Soil Components: Pauling's Rules. Primary Soil Minerals. Secondary Soil Minerals. Specific Surface of Soil Minerals. Surface Charge of Soil Minerals. Identification of Minerals by X-Ray Diffraction Analyses. Use of Clay Minerals to Retain Organic Contaminants. Chemistry of Soil Organic Matter: Effects of Soil Formation Factors on SOM Contents. Composition of SOM. Fractionation of SOM. SOM Structure. Functional Groups and Charge Characteristics. Humic Substance-Metal Interactions. SOM-Clay Complexes. Retention of Pesticides and Other Organic Substances by Humic Substances. Soil Solution-Solid Phase Equilibria: Measurement of the Soil Solution. Speciation of the Soil Solution. Ion Activity and Activity Coefficients. Dissolution and Solubility Processes. Sorption Phenomena on Soils: Introduction and Terminology. Surface Functional Groups. Surface Complexes. Adsorption Isotherms. Equilibrium-Based Adsorption Models. Surface Precipitation. Sorption of Metal Cations. Sorption of Anions. Points of Zero Charge. Desorption. Use of Spectroscopic and Microscopic Methods in Determining Mechanisms for Sorption-Desorption Phenomena. Ion Exchange Processes: Characteristics of Ion Exchange. Cation Exchange Equilibrium Constants and Selectivity Coefficients. Thermodynamics of Ion Exchange. Relationship between Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Ion Exchange. Kinetics of Soil Chemical Processes: Rate-Limiting Steps and Time Scales of Soil Chemical Reactions. Rate Laws. Determination of Reacti
Journal of Milk and Food Technology Official

s of Papers Presented at the Sixty-First Annual Meeting of IAMFES -----------------·---------------529 Association Affairs ------------------------------------------------534 Index to Advertising ---------------------------------------------537 :111llk, Food and E nvironmental Sanitarians, Inc. with executive offi ces of the Association, 413 Kellogg Ave., P . 0 . Box 701, Ames, 1a. 50010. 2nd Class postage paid at Ames, Ia. 50010 and additional entry at Shelbyville, Ind. 46176. EDITORIAL OFF ICES: Dr. Elmer li. Ma rth Dept. of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 53706. Earl 0 . Wright , P. 0. Box 701, Ames, Ia. 50010. Manuscripts : Correspon dence regarding manuscripts and other r eading ma ter ial shoul d be addressed to Dr. Elmer H . Marth, Dept. of Food Science, Univers ity of Wisconsin, 1\fadlson, Wis. 53706. dressed to Earl 0 . Wright (address above). Subscription Rates: One volume per year . Individual non-members. Government and Commercial Orga nizat ions subscription. 1 yr. Vol. 38, 1975 . $16.00 Public and Education Institution Libraries 1 yr. $16.00 S ingle Copies . $ 1.50 Orders for Reprints: All orders for reprints should be sent to the executive office of the Associa tion, P . 0. Box 701, Ames, Ia. 50010. MEMBERSHIP DUES: Members In the Internationa l Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sani tarians, Inc., Is $14.00 per yea r, an d Special Certified Student member"Instruction to Contributors" can be obsh ip Is $5 . 00 per yea r, which includes a nnua l talned from the editor for the use of consubscrip t ion to the Journal of Milk and Food tributors of papers. Technology. All Correspondence regarding membersh ip, remittances for dues, failure to Page Charge: E ffective Ja nu ary 1, 1969 a receive copies (notice of failure to receive cha rge of $25 .00 per printed pat;e wlll be made copies must be reported within 90 days, otherfor all research papers which are pu blished. wise single copy rate wlll apply) of the Journal, See Volume 31, Issues 10, 11, or 12 for details. cha nt;es In address and other su~>h matters Business Matters : Co rrespondence regarding should be addressed to the Executive Secretary business matters, advertis ing, subscriptions, of the Association, Earl 0. Wright, P.O. Box orders fo r single copies, etc., should be ad701, Ames, Ia. 50010. CoPYRIGHT 1974 INTERNATIONAL AssociATION oF Mrr.K, Foon AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INc.
Sucrose‐based polymers, 1. Linear polymers with sucrose side‐chains

Polymers and copolymers based on the monomethacryloyl ester and the vinylbenzyl ether of sucrose, bearing either blocked or free hydroxyl groups, were synthesized in the presence of free-radical catalysts, and their structures and dimensions were characterized. A range of copolymers of styrene and O-methacryloylsucrose was prepared. Reactivity ratios of the comonomers were calculated by the extended Kelen-Tudős method. The influence of the hydroxyl groups of the sucrose moiety on the thermomechanical properties was assessed by comparing the glass transition temperatures of both blocked and unblocked copolymers. Their solubility characteristics were also determined, and it was shown that the hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties can be controlled by the amount of sucrose methacrylate in the copolymer.
Biodisponibilité de l'azote et du phosphore dans les sols de bleuetières du Québec

Lafond, J. et Ziadi, N. 2013. Biodisponibilite de l'azote et du phosphore dans les sols de bleuetieres du Quebec. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 33–44. L’evaluation de la biodisponibilite de l'azote (N) et du phosphore (P) dans les sols de bleuetieres est essentielle pour etablir des recommandations en fertilisants. Les objectifs de cette etude ont ete (i) d’evaluer la biodisponibilite de l'ammonium et du P du sol par differentes methodes a la suite d'application de fertilisants azotes et phosphatesa la culture de bleuet sauvage (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.), (ii) de determiner le meilleur indicateur de la biodisponibilite du N et du P du sol selon la productivite et les analyses foliaires et (iii) d’etablir des classes de fertilite des sols pour cette culture. Les traitements ont consiste en quatre doses de N (0, 30, 60 et 90 kg N ha−1) et quatre doses de P (0, 30, 60 et 90 kg P2O5 ha−1). L'ammonium a ete extrait au KCl (N-NH4KCl), a l'eau (N-NH4W) et a l'aide de membranes d’echange cationique (N-NH4MEC). Le pho.
ANALYSIS OF SOIL TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON TRANSPIRATION BY LEAF HEAT BALANCE IN CUCUMBER, CUCURBIT AND THEIR GRAFTED PLANTS

The effect of soil temperature on transpiration rates in cucumber, cucurbit and their grafted plants (grafted cucumber plant with a stock of cucurbit plant) was examined by heat balance analysis of the leaf in an on-line measurement. In cucumber plant, higher transpiration rates were found at soil temperatures of 15 to 30℃, and soil temperatures below 15 or above 30℃ resulted in a decrease in transpiration rate. In cucurbit plant, transpiration rates were higher at soil temperatures of 10 to 40℃ and decreased at other soil temperatures. Thus, the transpiration in cucurbit plant was kept higher even at lower and higher soil temperatures of 10 and 35-40℃ where the transpiration in cucumber plant decreased. This fact suggests that cucurbit plant is more active in water uptake into roots in wider region of soil temperature, as compared with cucumber plant. In the grafted plant, the pattern of transpiration rates responding to soil temperature was similar to that in cucurbit plant. From this pattern in the grafted plant, it could be conceivable that the activity of the cucurbit roots used as a stock is responsible for water process in the grafted cucumber plant in relation to the soil temperature.
Suspension settling effect on macrobenthos biomass distribution in the Hornsund fjord, Spitsbergen

Seasonal variations and spatial distribution of suspension composition and concentration were determined in the Hornsund fjord on south Spitsbergen along with bottom sediment mineralogy and glacial-marine mud accumulation rates. These data were related to macrobenthos biomass distribution, as well as geochemical and hydrognphic data. The axial distribution of sediment accumulation rates follows exponential decay. Slopes of the seaward decay are different for individual meltwater sources in Hornsund and, in general, they are higher than in river-fed fjords. Intensity of suspension settling is enhanced by strong retardation of meltwater flow and turbulence within the shear layer of meltwater jet sliding over strongly saline water. The most intensive settling, controlling the overall efficiency of mud deposition (up to 35 cm/a) occurs in the ice-proximal jet zone of meltwater plume. It results from turbulent diffusion of dense suspension (>1, 000 mg/1) to the underlying still-water layer. Within the more distal, slow-advection zone the sediment accumulation rate falls below 1 cm/a. Suspension is deposited here mostly due to slow settling of mature floes across the halocline. This bipartite lateral zonation results in (1) clay-mineral segregation observed in bottom mud in the ice-proximal jet zone (2M, large-flake muscovite is separated from lMd clay-grade illite), and (2) high accumulation rate and extremely rapid decay away from the source. High concentration of surface-active clays in the rapidly accumulating sediment renders the proximal mud a closed system and a physical trap for nutrients. The seasonal rhythm of changes in suspension composition reveals a time lag between maximum of organic suspension concentration and onset of clastic sedimentation. This lag along with the absolute dominance of clastic flux during summer-autumn, result in sulphidic (dark-light) lamination of ice-proximal mud. High clastic input and high surface water turbidity result in formation of a benthos-poor zone in the ice-proximal settings. There, formation and preservation of original monosulphidic lamination and scarcity of benthic life are mutually dependent. Control over these follows by damping of primary production in the photic zone and trapping of nutrients in the bottom sediment by clastic dilution and fast burial of organic material.
Conformation heterogeneity and mobility of surfactant molecules in intercalated clay minerals studied by solid-state NMR

The conformation heterogeneity and mobility of surfactant molecules in intercalated montmorillonite clay minerals have been investigated using variable-temperature solid-state 13C NMR and two-dimensional proton wide-line separation (2D WISE) 1H−13C NMR spectroscopy. Previous FTIR studies by Vaia et al. for the first time revealed the existence of a gauche conformation of surfactant molecules in clay minerals and further illustrated the transition from an ordered conformation, to a liquid crystalline state, to completely liquidlike behavior. The NMR study reported in this paper clearly demonstrates the coexistence of order and disordered chain conformations. Two main resonance peaks are resolved and associated with the backbone alkyl chains: the resonance at 33 ppm corresponds to the ordered conformation (all-trans), and the resonance at 30 ppm corresponds to the disordered conformation (mixture of trans and gauche). The NMR technique allows detailed characterization and quantification of the conformation.