Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protective Effects of Cinnamic Acid Derivatives on Gastric Lesion

− P -methoxycinnamic acid and 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid are the compounds found in Polygalae Radix, the root of Polygala tenuifolia Willdenow, and have been reported to have hepatoprotective and anti-neurodegenerative effects. On the other hand, there are no reports of their effects on gastric lesions. This study examined the inhibitory effects of cinnamic acids, including p -methoxycinnamic acid, 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid, and 8 compounds (cinnamic acid, 2-(trifluoromethyl) cinnamic acid, 3-(trifluoromethyl) cinnamic acid, trans-4-(trifluoromethyl) cinnamic acid, 4-(dimethylamino) cinnamic acid, 3,4-(methylenedioxy) cinnamic acid and 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid), which were selected based on their presence in medicinal herbs and molecular weight, against gastric lesions. Animal models were used to confirm the protective effects on acute gastritis caused by the administration of HCl/EtOH. Gastric acid inhibition was examined by an acid-neutralizing test and the proton pump (H + /K + -ATPase) inhibiting activity. In addition, antioxidant tests were performed and the gastric emptying rate was determined. The results showed that cinnamic acid, p -methoxycinnamic acid, and 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid had an inhibitory effect on gastric lesions.
Effect of Germination on Physico-chemical Properties of Rice Varieties

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a member of the grass family, is one of the crop on which the human species largely subsists. Rice is now one of the most important crops at the global level, as it is used as a staple food in most countries of the world. Brown Rice is the unpolished whole grain rice that is produced by removing only the hull or husk using a motar and pestle or rubber rolls, having a mild nutty flavour, chewier than white rice. Colour of rice kernel may be brown, reddish, purplish or blackish in color. Brown rice is more nutritious than white rice but its intake is limited because of its chewy texture and reduced digestibility. This problem can be overcome by subjecting rice to germination, thus, producing germinated rice. Germination is a process involved in incorporating those events that commence with the uptake of water by a quiescent dry seed and terminate with the elongation of the embryonic axis. It signals the birth of a new life. At the time of germinating, huge amounts of nutrients are prepared for the growth of sprout. The birth of the sprout activated all the dormant enzymes in the rice in order to supply the sprout with the best nutrition. Rice quality differs according to the variety and processing method used. Quality desired in rice vary from one geographical region to another and consumer demand certain varieties and favors International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 01 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Effect of implementing guideline instruction on awareness of newly married women regarding family planning methods

Background: Family planning (F.P) is an important strategy in promoting maternal and child health. Contraceptive use is a key factor in preventing unwanted pregnancies, reducing maternal and child mortality, and improving the lives of women and their families. A recent study estimated that contraceptive use could avert more than two-fifths of maternal deaths. Aim of this study: was to assess the effect of implementing guideline instruction on awareness of newly married women regarding family planning methods Research question: what is the effect of implementing guideline instruction on awareness of newly married women regarding family planning methods? Research design: A Descriptive cross sectional research design has been utilized in the present study. (Subjects and methods) Sample: Three hundred participants were included in this study. Tools: a structured interviewing questionnaire sheet developed by the researcher. Pretest was done to evaluate participant's knowledge regarding contraceptives then the guideline and health education for participants, Post evaluation was done to test improvement of their awareness after 3 months of intervention. Results: showed that level of knowledge regarding contraceptives among newly married women was poor in the pre test while after implementing the guideline and health education a great improvement in their level of knowledge was observed with high statistical significant difference (P≤ 0.001). Conclusion: health education and implemented guideline were effective in increasing the knowledge of women regarding family planning. Recommendations: Efforts should be made to strengthen the media for providing accurate knowledge about F.P programs, premarital family planning counseling for male and females, and increase quality of F.P services staff through training program and updating information.
Effect of crop establishment methods and irrigation schedules on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

A field experiment was conducted during 201415 and 201516 at Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, to study the effect of irrigation and crop-establishemnt methods on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this experiment, 3 irrigation schedules (4 cm irrigation at IW: CPE of 0.8, 5 cm irrigation at IW: CPE of 1.0 and 6 cm irrigation at IW : CPE of 1.2) in 6 planting patterns including 5 bed configurations in furrow-irrigated bed planting systems and 1 flat planting with row-to-row distance of 22.5 cm. In furrow-irrigated bed planting systems, the crop was planted on the top of the 75 cm bed, 2 rows (B ); 75 cm bed, 3 rows (B ); 90 cm bed, 2 rows (B ); 90 cm bed, 3 rows 752 753 902 (B ) and 90 cm bed, 4 rows (B ). The results showed that by following furrow-irrigated bed planting systems, 903 904 on an average, 40% water was saved as compared to 1 flat planting with row spacing of 22.5 cm with significant increase in the productivity of water. Plant height, dry-matter accumulation, number of tillers, root length, root dry weight and crop growth rate displayed significantly higher with land configuration of 90 cm bed, 2 rows (B ). 902 Among the yield attributes, grains/spike, spike length (cm), spikelets/spike and test weight increased significantly in B and B , and 4 cm irrigation at 0.8 irrigation water : cumulative pan evaporation (IW: CPE) respectively. 752 902 The grain yield (4.65 and 4.76 t/ha), straw yield (6.05 and 6.15 t/ha); biological yield (10.71 and 10.94 t/ha) and harvest index (43.39 and 43.49) were significantly higher under B land configuration with 4 cm irrigation at an 904 0.8 IW: CPE in 201415 and 201516, respectively.
Structural and functional studies of K2P channels

Two-pore domain potassium channels (K2Ps) are a family of dimeric potassium channels responsible for regulation of cellular excitability. In 2012, crystal structures of TREK-2 were solved revealing this channel in two different conformational states. In the down state, transmembrane helices M2, 3 and 4 descend further into the cytoplasm than in the up state. This reveals two gaps (fenestrations) that link the membrane directly to the ion conduction pathway. However, the functional relevance of these two states was not known. In this work, I use state-dependent modulators of TREK-2 to investigate the functional relevance of helical movement in K2P channels. By solving the co-crystal structures of these modulators with TREK-2, I aimed to uncover which states these modulators bind to and how this modifies potassium conductance through the channel. As small molecule binders have weak affinities for TREK-2, brominated ligand derivatives were used to increase sensitivity and specificity of ligand detection. The co-crystal structures of TREK-2 with brominated fluoxetine (Prozac) derivatives revealed functionally inhibited down states with reduced occupancy in the selectivity filter. These inhibitors bind within the fenestration of TREK-2. Since the fenestration is absent in the up state, inhibition must work by stabilising the down state of the protein. This finding supports a gating mechanism of TREK-2 that links movement of the M2-4 helices with gating at the channel filter. TREK-2 was also co-crystallised with derivatives of the small molecule activator BL-1249. Crystals of this complex were produced using both vapour diffusion and lipidic cubic phase. These crystals produced diffraction at both synchrotron and free electron laser sources. Initial low-resolution structures provide the first insight into where BL-1249 may bind to TREK-2.
Calculated relative populations of Sm@C82 isomers

ABSTRACT Relative populations of the four observed IPR (isolated-pentagon-rule) isomers of Sm@C82 are computed using the Gibbs energy derived from partition functions supplied with parameters from DFT (density functional theory) calculations (the M06/6-311+G*∼SDD energy and M06/3-21G∼SDD entropy part). At a temperature of 1750 K, for example, the recommended calculated concentration ratios are: Sm@C2v(9)-C82 : Sm@Cs(c; 6)-C82 : Sm@C2(c; 5)-C82 : Sm@C3v(a; 7)-C82 = 43.4 : 34.4 : 20.3 : 1.8, though the results are sensitive to the partition-function description. The observed dependency of the Sm@C82 isomeric productions on the applied metal source could be related to kinetic and catalytic aspects (that influence the degree of inter-isomeric thermodynamic equilibrium) and/or to different solubility.
Dissolution of Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium Chloride in Supercritical CO2

We present steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic data derived from coumarin 153 (C153) in a binary solution comprised of trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride ([P6,6,6,14]+Cl−) and supercritical CO2 (scCO2). Steady-state fluorescence of C153 was measured in neat scCO2 and ionic liquid (IL)-modified scCO2 solutions. The steady-state excitation and emission peak frequency data in neat scCO2 and IL/scCO2 diverge at low fluid density (ρr = ρ/ρc < 1). The prominent spectral differences at low fluid density provided clear evidence that C153 reports different microenvironments, and suggested that the IL is solubilized in the bulk scCO2 and heterogeneity of the C153 microenvironment is readily controlled by scCO2 density. C153 dimers have been reported in the literature, and this formed the basis of the hypothesis that dimerization is occurring in scCO2. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) electronic structure calculations yielded transition energies that were consistent with excitation spectra and provided supporting evidence for the dimer hypothesis. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements yielded triple exponential decays with time constants that further supported dimer formation. The associated fractional contributions showed that the dominant contribution to the intensity decay was from C153 monomers, and that in high density scCO2 there was minimal contribution from C153 dimers.
Behavior of a Jet Issuing Diagonally Upward into Two-Layer Density-Stratified Fluid in a Cylindrical Tank

This study is concerned with the experimental investigation of a jet issuing diagonally upward into a two-layer density-stratified fluid in a cylindrical tank and the resulting mixing phenomena. The upper and lower fluids are water and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCl), respectively, and the lower fluid issues from a nozzle on the bottom of the tank. The angle between the centerline of the jet and the bottom of the tank is 60o, and the mass concentration of the NaCl solution is 0.02. The investigation reveals that secondary flow is caused by the jet in the horizontal cross-sections of the tank and that it is composed of a pair of vortices. It confirms that the secondary flow at the density interface corresponds to an internal density current. The investigation also clarifies the effect of the Reynolds number of the jet on mixing between the lower and upper fluids.
IDENTIFICATION OF FATTY ACIDS IN SACHA INCHI OIL (CURSIVE PLUKENETIA VOLUBILIS L.) FROM ECUADOR

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify fatty acids in a sacha inchi oil sample.Methods: Sacha inchi oil was obtained of sacha inchi seeds using the cold pressing method. Fatty acids analysis was carried out using the gas chromatography with a mass selective detector and using the database Library NIST14.L to identify the compounds.Results: Sacha inchi seeds have a high content of unsaturated fatty acids with 34.98% of E·6 I±- Linoleic and 47.04% of E·3 I±- Linolenic. Sacha inchi seeds only have 3.98% of palmitic acid.Conclusions: Sacha inchi seed is a good source of fatty acids E·3 and E·6, being E·3 and E·6 in a good proportion. Sacha inchi oil can be used to elaborate functional foods.
Ultrafast Exciton Migration and Dissociation in π-Conjugated Polymers Driven by Local Nonuniform Electric Fields

Experimental verification for ultrafast charge generations is a significant advancement in recent studies of polymer solar cells, but its underlying mechanism still remains unclear. In this paper, a new mechanism of ultrafast charge generation is proposed, where a local nonuniform electric field plays a vital role. We systematically simulate the exciton dissociation dynamics along a polymer chain with electric field linearly distributed. The polymer chain can be divided into two regions according to the exciton dissociation degree, i.e., complete dissociation region and partial dissociation region. In the former, a photogenerated exciton can dissociate directly and completely into free charges. In the latter, however, a photogenerated exciton first experiences an ultrafast migration process toward the complete dissociation region and then partially dissociates with fractional free charge generation. In most of our simulations, the exciton dissociation can take place within a time scale of 1 ps, contributi.
Nitrogen fertilization in the production of seedlings of Talisia esculenta (A. St. Hil) Radlk

Adubação nitrogenada na produção de mudas de Talisia esculenta (A. St. Hil) Radlk R E S U M O A pitombeira possui exploração extrativista, sendo uma cultura carente em informações relacionadas à produção principalmente quanto à relação à adubação química. Neste sentido foi conduzido um trabalho com o objetivo de testar a melhor dose de nitrogênio, tendo como fonte a ureia a ser aplicada em mudas de pitombeira. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos ao acaso com quatro repetições e dez plantas por parcela sendo testadas cinco doses nitrogênio (0; 400; 800; 1.600 e 3.200 mg dm-3). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão. As mensurações não destrutivas (número de folhas, diâmetro do colo, comprimento da parte aérea e a relação entre o comprimento da parte aérea e o diâmetro do colo) foram avaliadas aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após o transplantio; já a massa seca da parte aérea, das raízes e total e o índice de qualidade de Dickson foram determinados aos 120 dias. As adubações nitrogenadas foram, a partir da dose de 500 mg N dm-3 em cobertura, as que proporcionaram formação das mudas de pitombeira mais vigorosas enquanto as plantas desenvolvidas com dose acima de 1.600 mg de N dm-3 apresentaram redução no seu vigor.
Response of Bahiagrass hybrids to nitrogen fertilization or mixture with legumes

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine Paspalum notatum genotypes appropriate for the establishment of mixtures with temperate legumes and compare the productivity of mixtures with mineral-fertilized systems along two years. Four hybrids of P. notatum, ecotype Bagual and cv. Pensacola, were either subjected to mixtures with white clover (Trifolium repens) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) or fertilized with 0, 60, 120, 240, and 480 kg N ha−1 year−1. P. notatum leaf blades and stems and herbage accumulation [. ]
Spectroscopic UV/vis limb measurements from aboard the NASA Global Hawk: Implications for the photochemistry and budget of bromine in the tropical tropopause layer

The present thesis reports on the world's first measurements of the second most important ozone-depleting halogen bromine at the entrance to the stratosphere (14 - 18.5 km, theta = 330 - 400 K) over the East and Central Pacific in late winter 2013. The measurements were performed within the NASA-ATTREX project from aboard the unmanned aerial vehicle Global Hawk. For the interpretation of the remote-sensing DOAS measurements of O3, NO2 and BrO, use of complementary measurements of brominated source gases (SGs) and dynamical tracers (e.g. CH3Br, halons, very short-lived species (VSLS), CH4) and model simulations of the chemical transport model (CTM) SLIMCAT/TOMCAT, is made. The agreement of measured and modelled CH4, O3, and NO2 shows that the major dynamicaland photochemical processes are represented well in the CTM. Considering surface concentrations of the brominated organic SGs of in total 20.5 ppt, the measured BrO mixing ratios (0.5 - 9.0 ppt) are well explained. An exception are regions where the contribution of the short-lived CH2Br2 or the partitioning of BrONO2 plays an important role. The present observations confirm previous findings on the formation of BrONO2 of our workgroup. Depending on the flight, a total bromine budget (Bry) in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) of 20.3 ppt to 22.3 ppt is inferred. For each fligh the contribution to total bromine of the long-lived brominated SGs stays constant (CH3Br + halons = 14.6 ppt), while the amount of VSLS and inorganic bromine varies between 5.7 ppt and 7.7 ppt. Thus, the present observations set a tighter constraint on the role of bromine for ozone depletion in the TTL than previous studies.
The influence of NaCl concentration on salt precipitation in heterogeneous porous media: SALT PRECIPITATION IN POROUS MEDIA

Evaporation of saline solutions from porous media is governed by the complex interactions between the transport properties of the porous media, the evaporating solution and the external boundary conditions. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of salt concentration on the evaporation process from porous media in the presence of a sharp textural discontinuity; a common heterogeneity in natural porous media formed due to the weathering or formation of soil horizons, wind deposition and erosion. We have conducted a comprehensive series of macro- and micro-scale experiments to delineate how the precipitation pattern is modified as salt concentration varies from relatively low values to a concentration close to the solubility limit. For concentrations much less than the solubility limit, the precipitation begins at the coarse-textured part of the heterogeneous porous media (which is a counter-intuitive result considering the preferential evaporation of water from the fine-textured part of the heterogeneous surface). However, when the concentration is close to the solubility limit, precipitation initiates preferentially at the fine-textured part of the heterogeneous porous surface. This behaviour results from the interaction between the transport properties of the porous media and the properties of the evaporating solution which must be considered. Additionally, using pore-scale images obtained by X-ray micro-computed tomography (CT), we have visualized the dynamics of precipitation in the presence of heterogeneity at high spatial and temporal resolution. The pore-scale results corroborate the mechanisms controlling the precipitation patterns in the presence of textural discontinuities inferred from the macro-scale experiments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Nonlinear optics at the nanoscale: experiment versus theory

Currently, nanostructures are routinely fabricated and integrated in different photonic devices for a variety of purposes and applications. At this scale light-matter interaction displays completely new phenomena. Traditionally, second and third harmonic generation (SHG and THG) have been studied in highly nonlinear transparent materials and under phase matching conditions ensuring large conversion efficiencies. In this case, the dominant nonlinear polarization term is given by the bulk electric dipole contribution through the nonlinear susceptibilities. However, at nanoscale the scenario is totally different: the electric dipole contribution no longer predominates and other terms, usually neglected, become important. Understanding how light interacts at the nanoscale with metals, semiconductors or dielectrics is pivotal to engineer and implement nano-antennas, filters, etc. In this work, we present a collection of experimental results regarding the SHG and THG in a semiconductor (GaAs) a conductive oxide (Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) nanolayer) at epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) condition and a metal (Au nanolayer). We explain the different nonlinear contribution in each case comparing our measurements with numerical results predicted by our theoretical model which accounts for surface, magnetic and bulk nonlinearities arising from free and bound charges, preserving linear and nonlinear dispersion, nonlocal effects due to pressure and viscosity, and changes in the effective mass of free electrons triggered by absorption [1] .
Investigation of thermoelectric generators connected in different configurations for micro‐grid applications

This research work investigates the power‐current (P‐I) and voltage‐current (V‐I) characteristics of the thermoelectric modules (TEMs) in series‐parallel configurations under homogeneous and heterogeneous temperature difference (ΔT) condition. To study its performance, 5 different series‐parallel combinations were formed using 16 TEMs. The comparisons among the different configurations have been done to determine the optimal series‐parallel configuration. The total load power extracted from 16 individually connected TEMs was 18.2 W, which was placed as a reference load power. The optimal series‐parallel combination for maximizing the load power is square series‐parallel configuration, whose maximum load power is 95.5%, compared to the reference load power. Moreover, in square series‐parallel configuration, the total internal resistance value that remains constant is equal to the internal resistance of a single TEM, and the total open‐circuit voltage increases gradually on adding any number of TEMs. Thus, it produces higher load voltage and higher load current simultaneously, which is recommended to power DC micro‐grid applications. Furthermore, the series, parallel, and square series‐parallel configurations are connected as star to obtain 3 separate DC output to power the same application. The performance of TEMs under various configurations is analyzed, and the obtain results are verified experimentally.
Experimental and first-principles calculation study of the pressure-induced transitions to a metastable phase in GaPO4 and in the solid solution AlPO4-GaPO4

alpha-Quartz-type gallium phosphate and representative compositions in the AlPO4-GaPO4 solid solution were studied by x-ray powder diffraction and absorption spectroscopy, Raman scattering, and by first-principles calculations up to pressures of close to 30 GPa. A phase transition to a metastable orthorhombic high-pressure phase along with some of the stable orthorhombic Cmcm CrVO4-type material is found to occur beginning at 9 GPa at 320 degrees C in GaPO4. In the case of the AlPO4-GaPO4 solid solution at room temperature, only the metastable orthorhombic phase was obtained above 10 GPa. The possible crystal structures of the high-pressure forms of GaPO4 were predicted from first-principles calculations and the evolutionary algorithm USPEX. A predicted orthorhombic structure with a Pmn2(1) space group with the gallium in sixfold and phosphorus in fourfold coordination was found to be in the best agreement with the combined experimental data from x-ray diffraction and absorption and Raman spectroscopy. This method is found to very powerful to better understand competition between different phase transition pathways at high pressure.