Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An anatomical study on types of calcaneal facets on talus and co relation between squatting facets and angles of neck

Introduction: Talus is a short, compact bone with muscular attachments. Its head and body are oriented in specific manner. Thus it is subjected to modifications due to change of direction of forces by adapting different postures. Here we present an anatomical study on types of calcaneal articular facet and squatting facet with emphasis on anatomical co-relation of squatting facet with different angles at the neck of Talus. Materials and Methods: Total 125 dry tali (right-64 and left-61) were studied with no anomalies or pathology. We observed types of calcaneal articular facet on tali, squatting facet, angle of deviation (AD), angle of inclination (AI) were measured. Statistical evaluation of the measured indices was done. Result and Conclusion: Type II articular facet was the most common type of articular facet on calcaneal surface of tali, 2nd most common being Type I. Squatting facet was observed on 44% of tali on right side while 37.5% tali on left side Average AD and AI were 26 and 125 respectively. We found significantly high AI on right sided tali than left sided. No significant co-relation was observed between the AD and presence or absence of squatting facet but in those tali where squatting facet was present, angle of inclination was significantly larger. We conclude that incidence of calcaneal articular facet and modification on neck of talus (squatting facet with high AI) are attributed to differences in race, habitual activities, posture, gait and level of plane used for locomotion by Indian population. Keywords: Tali, Squatting facet, Neck of tali, Articular facet.
Direct angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (DARPES) on high-Tc films: doping, strains, Fermi surface topology and superconductivity - art. no. 012040

Since 1997 we systematically perform Direct ARPES (=DARPES) on in-situ grown, non-cleaved, ultra-thin (<25nm) cuprate films. Specifically, we probe low energy electronic structure and properties of high-T-c films under different degree of epitaxial (compressive vs tensile) strain. In overdoped in-plane compressed La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) thin films we double T-c from 20K to 40K, yet the Fermi surface (FS) remains essentially 2-dimensional (213). In contrast, tensile strained films show 3-dimensional (313) dispersion, while T-c is drastically reduced. It seems that the in-plane compressive strain tends to push the apical oxygen far away from the CuO2 plane, enhances the 2D character of the dispersion and increases T-C, while the tensile strain seems to act exactly in the opposite direction and the resulting dispersion is 3D. We have the FS topology for both cases. As the actual lattice of cuprates is 'Napoleon-cake'-like i.e. rigid CuO2 planes alternate with softer 'reservoir' (that strains distort differently) our results tend to rule out 2D rigid lattice mean field models. Finally, we briefly discuss recent successful determination of the FS topology from the observed wavevector quantization by DARPES in cuprate films thinner than 18 units cells (<24nm). Such an approach is of broader interest as it can be extended to other similar confined (ultra-thin) functional oxide systems.
Post Harvest Losses of Agricultural Produce

Losses incurred at post-harvest are quite common and enormous leading to valuable food loss. At every stage of post-harvest practice, agricultural products are deprived from quality due to physical, chemical, biological and mechanical factors. In this article an overview has been presented on the major and common reasons for post-harvest food losses.
Notice of RetractionResearch on the relationship between firm value and ownership structure on the context of centralized ownership: The empirical study of listed companies in China's manufacturing industry

On the context of centralized ownership, the basic conflicts exited in the companies are not the principal-agent conflicts, but the principal-principal conflicts. According to this consideration, we choose the listed companies in China's manufacturing industry from 2003 to 2006 as our research target, and exam the relationship between firm value and ownership structure for the listed companies with concentrated ownership structure in this paper. The empirical results show that there is a positive U-shape relationship between the firm value and controlling shareholder equity ratio, and the relationship between firm value and the degree of stock checks and balances is shown as the inverted U-shape.
Marine Ecosystem forecasts: skill performance of the CMEMS
Mediterranean Sea model system

Abstract. The quality of the upgraded version of the CMEMS biogeochemical operational system of the Mediterranean Sea (MedBFM) is assessed in terms of consistency and forecast skill, following a mixed validation protocol that exploits different reference data from satellite, oceanographic databases, Biogeochemical Argo floats, literature. We demonstrate that the GODAE metrics paradigm can be efficiently applied to validate an operational model system for biogeochemical and ecosystem forecasts. The accuracy of the CMEMS biogeochemical products for Mediterranean Sea can be achieved from basin-wide and seasonal scale to mesoscale and weekly scale, and its level depends on the specific variable and the availability of reference data. In particular, the use of the Biogeochemical Argo floats data allows for a relevant enhancement of the validation framework of operational biogeochemical models, providing new skill metrics for key biogeochemical processes and dynamics (e.g. deep chlorophyll maximum depth), which can be easily implemented to routinely monitor the quality of the products and highlight any possible anomaly.
Food security and productivity among urban farmers in Kaduna State, Nigeria

This study to investigated food security and productivity among urban farmers’ in Kaduna State Two-stage sampling procedure was used to select 213 respondents for the study. Interview schedule was used to collect data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics (food security index, food insecurity/ surplus gap index and productivity index) and multiple regression model. The results show that 54.5% of the households were food insecure. The average daily per capita calorie intake for food secure households was 65516.28 kcal. The mean age of the respondents was 46 years old, 46% had tertiary education and average farm size was 1.25 ha. Regression model predicted food security status at 70.3% accuracy with MacFadden R-square of 0.13. This implies that all variables were able to explain 64% of the variation in food security status of the households, implying that on average, the probability of urban farming households will be food secure at 51%. The log-likelihood was significant at 1% and the average marginal effect was 0.51. All the variables included were able to explain 64% of the variation in food security status of the households. Therefore, it recommended that viral extension services and appropriate measures to be implemented to change behaviour of urban farmers and boost their productivity, thereby reducing food insecurity and increase income of urban farmers in the area. Keywords: Food security, urban agricultural productivity, farming household
Impact of soil erosion and degradation on water quality: a review

Abstract Severe soil erosion challenges exist in China as a result of long-term human related activities and its erosion-prone land forms and climate. Anthropogenic forces that alter the physical landscape cause substantial soil erosion which have adverse impact on surface water bodies and therefore necessitating sediment control as important aspects of catchment management planning. In this review we focused principally on the erosion factors and how to prevent and/or mitigate them. The application of soil erosion models such as the universal soil loss equation, its modification and others were also studied. The results established by various researchers showed a relationship between impact of soil erosion and degradation on water quality indicating the source of pollutant as anthropogenic and industrial activities. These are the sources of particles and deleterious material that contribute to the surface water deterioration including the East Lake. The review revealed that erosion causes both on-site and off-site effects on land and also on water bodies thereby affecting its quality.
Impact of a Low Severity Fire on Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Characteristics in Japanese Cedar Soil, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan

Slash and burn practices are widely used around the globe with different degrees of success which are mostly related to the impact of fire on soil properties. In Japan slash and burn practises, known as Yakihata, have a long history and are still used in Yamagata Prefecture today. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a low severity controlled fire underneath Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) on brown forest soil (Cambisol). Japanese Cedar is the dominant species among plantations in Japan. We measured organic carbon and nitrogen content as well as changes in carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope composition in a steep west facing slope under heavy precipitation (~2600 mm/a) and heavy snowfall (~3 to 4 m/a). The accumulation of Ctotal and Ntotal at the bottom of the slopes was remarkably higher at the slash and burned site than in the control forest site. After slash and burn δ15N isotopes in the slope in general became significantly lighter than in the control forest while the δ13C did not show any significant difference between the two sites except at the bottom of the slopes where δ13C was heavier in the forest. The results show that Ctotal and Ntotal values as well as the isotopes ratios of C and N change with decreasing elevation in the forest as well as in the burned site being consistent with leaching and erosion. The changes in soil nitrogen and carbon isotopes at the bottom of the slope appear to be related to the transport of material with different isotopic composition from the upper slope. The effect of the low severity fire (as part of the slash and burn practice) on soil organic carbon and nitrogen movement was enhanced by the steepness of the slopes and the high precipitation of Shonai region.
Evaluation of the impact of PEPFAR transition on retention in care in South Africa's Western Cape Province.

BACKGROUND Research on the impact of the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) transition in South Africa (SA) in 2012 found varying results in retention in care (RIC) of people living with HIV (PLWH). OBJECTIVES To investigate the factors that impacted RIC during the PEPFAR transition in Western Cape Province, SA, in 2012. METHODS We used aggregate data from 61 facilities supported by four non-governmental organisations from 2007 to 2015. The main outcome was RIC 12 months after antiretroviral therapy initiation for two periods - during PEPFAR and post PEPFAR. We used adjusted quantile regression to estimate the effect of the PEPFAR pull-out on RIC. RESULTS Regression models (50th quantile) for 12-month RIC showed a 4.0% (95% CI -7.7 - -0.4%) decline in RIC post-direct service. Facilities supported by Anova/Kheth'impilo fared worst post PEFPAR, with a decline in RIC of -4.9% (95% CI -8.8 - -1.0%), while TB, HIV/AIDS, Treatment Support, and Integrated Therapy (that'sit) fared best (3.6% increase in RIC; 95% CI: -0.2 - 7.3%). There was a decrease in RIC when comparing urban with rural areas (-7.8%; 95% CI -12.8 - -2.9%). City of Cape Town combined with Western Cape Government health facilities showed a substantial decrease (-6.1%; 95% CI -10.6 - -1.7%), while community health clinic (v. central day clinics) declined (-6.4; 95% CI -10.6 - -2.1%) in RIC. We observed no RIC difference by facility size and a slight increase when two or more human resources transitioned from PEPFAR to the government. CONCLUSION When PEPFAR funding decreased in 2012, there was a decrease in RIC. To ensure the continuity of HIV care when a major funder withdraws sufficient and stable transition resources, investment in organisations that understand the local context, joint planning and co-ordination are required.
Light curve database of Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern

Since 2007 the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) is using its 1-meter telescope ZIMLAT situated at the Zimmerwald observatory, Switzerland to collect light curves of space debris objects including defunct spacecraft, upper stages and fragments. The last two and half years, 2014, 2015 and 2016, can be considered as the most productive for the Zimmerwald light curve acquisition. Several different photometric campaigns have been performed which were focused on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) targets suitable for future Active Debris Removal (ADR) missions, on regular monitoring of large defunct spacecraft in LEO and in the GLONASS constellation, and on new objects discovered during the Zimmerwald and ESA Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) surveys. From each lightcurve we extracted some information about the attitude motion. This information includes a general characterization of the attitude behaviour, like “stable” or “tumbling” state, and, if applicable , also the determination of the apparent spin period and the reconstruction of the phase. Our paper will discuss the photometry observation techniques currently in use at the Zimmerwald observatory and the processing of the light curves with the aim to determine apparent spin periods and to reconstruct the irphases. Spin rates for objects acquired with the ZIMLAT telescope during the last two years will be discussed and the morphology of their reconstructed phases will be briefly presented.
Landslide susceptibility assessment using three bivariate models considering the new topo-hydrological factor: HAND

Abstract The main objective of this study is to assess the relative contribution of the state-of-the-art topo-hydrological factor, known as height above the nearest drainage (HAND), to landslide susceptibility modellling using three novel statistical models: weights-of-evidence (WofE), index of entropy and certainty factor. In total, 12 landslide conditioning factors that affect the landslide incidence were used as input to the models in the Ziarat Watershed, Golestan Province, Iran. Landslide inventory was randomly divided into a ratio of 70:30 for training and validating the results of the models. The optimum combination of conditioning factors was identified using the principal components analysis (PCA) method. The results demonstrated that HAND is the defining factor among hydrological and topographical factors in the study area. Additionally, the WofE model had the highest prediction capability (AUPRC = 74.31%). Therefore, HAND was found to be a promising factor for landslide susceptibility mapping.
Moral sensitivity and caring behavior in nursing interns: the mediating role of empathy

Background The main purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between moral sensitivity, empathy, and caring behaviors and to explore the mediating effect of empathy on moral sensitivity and caring behaviors of nursing interns. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August to September 2022 in which 261 nursing interns from two Grade 3A Hospitals in Xi’an participated. The questionnaires used in the survey include the General Information Questionnaire (GIQ), the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire—Revised Version translated into Chinese (MSQ R-CV), the Chinese version of the Jefferson Empathy Scale (JSE), and the Chinese version of the Caring Behavior Inventory (C-CBI). The obtained data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and the mediating effect of empathy was tested through structural equations. Results The overall mean of moral sensitivity of nursing interns in two Grade 3A Hospitals in Xi’an is 40.84 ± 8.73, the overall mean of empathy is 100.51 ± 21.56, and the overall mean of caring behavior is (113.81 ± 21.05). Statistical analysis showed that there is a positive correlation between moral sensitivity and caring behavior of nursing interns (r = 0.376, p < 0.01), between their empathy and moral sensitivity (r = 0.336, p < 0.01), and between their empathy and caring behavior (r = 0.394, p < 0.01). The empathy of nursing interns has a mediated effect on the relationship between moral sensitivity and caring behavior. The mediated effect value was 0.14, accounting for 31.82% of the total effect. Conclusion The moral sensitivity of nursing interns can have a direct impact on predicting the caring behavior and indirect influences their caring behaviors mediated by empathy, with the latter effect being mediated by empathy. Therefore, nursing educators and hospital administrators should adopt targeted interventions to improve the moral sensitivity and empathy of nursing interns, which can further prove to be beneficial in improving their caring behaviors, leading to enhanced quality of nursing care and reduced nurse–patient conflicts and finally to a stabilized nursing team.
Evaluation of the effect of parenteral nutrition on mortality and morbidity in hospitalized patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Objective: Nutritional support products should preferably be administered orally whenever possible, with rare exceptions, one of which is gastrointestinal bleeding. In our study, we examined the effects of parenteral nutrition support, which we have recently introduced in the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, on the hospitalization duration and mortality-morbidity of these patients. Methods: We analyzed the patients admitted to the Internal Medicine Service with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in our study. Patients were retrospectively analyzed in two groups, based on the years in which total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was initiated (2016-2017) and not initiated (2012-2013). Hospitalization durations and discharge methods were compared between the two groups. Results: Our study included a total of 369 cases after screening and application of our exclusion criteria. 35.5% of these cases received TPN, while 64.5% did not. When evaluated based on the TPN administration status after stabilizing the Rockall score of the patients, as well as considering the need for erythrocyte suspension (ES), fresh frozen plasma (FFP) replacement, and length of hospital stay, the length of hospital stay was significantly longer in those receiving TPN compared to those who did not. Conclusion: Although TPN may be the preferred choice in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding for whom oral nutrition is not suitable, our study suggests that this preference not only does not lead to a reduction in the number of blood and blood product replacements but also prolongs the hospital stay. While it is believed that complications of nutritional support with TPN may contribute to this result, our retrospective study did not provide data on this. Comprehensive prospective studies are needed on this issue.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Therapy and Outcome of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease at the Emergency Department

This study compared the treatment outcomes of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) at an academic tertiary care emergency department before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyzing data from 976 patients, our study showed a significant surge in overall respiratory therapy interventions amidst the noticeable decline in the total number of AECOPD cases during the pandemic. The marked increase in the utilization of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) was particularly important, soaring from 12% to 18% during the pandemic. Interestingly, this heightened reliance on NIV stood in contrast to the stability observed in other therapeutic modalities, including oxygen insufflation alone, high-flow nasal cannulas, and invasive ventilation. This distinctive treatment pattern underscores the adaptability of healthcare providers in the face of novel challenges, with a discernible emphasis on the strategic utilization of NIV. The shift in patient acuity during the pandemic became evident as the data showed a cohort of individuals presenting with AECOPD who were more severely ill. This was reflected in the increased use of NIV and, notably, a statistically significant rise in one-year mortality rates—from 32% before the pandemic to 38% during the pandemic (p = 0.046). These findings underscore the intricate balance healthcare providers must strike in navigating the complexities of patient care during a public health crisis. A closer examination of the longitudinal trajectory revealed a subtle decrease in re-admission rates from 65% to 60%. The increased reliance on NIV, a key finding of this investigation, reflects a strategic response to the unique demands of the pandemic, potentially influenced by both medical considerations and non-medical factors, such as the prevalent “fear of aerosols” and the imperative to navigate transmission risks within the healthcare setting. These insights contribute to understanding the evolving dynamics of AECOPD management during public health crises.
In Vitro Study of Interleukin-6 when Used at Low Dose and Ultra-Low Dose in Micro-Immunotherapy

As one of the major cytokines implicated in the orchestration of immune responses, interleukin 6 (IL-6) can either act as a pro- or an anti-inflammatory factor, depending on the micro-environment. In micro-immunotherapy (MI) medicines, IL-6 is employed at low doses (LD) and ultra-low doses (ULD), expressed in centesimal Hahnemannian (CH), and used alone or in combination with other immune regulators to modulate patients’ immune responses. The present study focused on assessing the in vitro immune-modulatory effects of two IL-6-containing MI products: (i) the unitary IL-6 (4 CH) and (ii) the complex MI-medicine (MIM) 2LALERG®, which includes IL-6 (17 CH) in association with other actives in its formulation. Our results showed that IL-6 (4 CH) activated granulocytes under basal conditions, and natural killer cells in the presence of an anti-CD3 signal, as assessed by their CD69 expression. In addition, IL-6 (4 CH) balanced the macrophages’ differentiation toward a M2a profile. On the other hand, the tested 2LALERG® capsule inhibited the histamine degranulation of rats’ peritoneal mast cells and reduced the release of IL-6 itself in inflamed human macrophages. Altogether, these data provide novel pieces of evidence on the double-edged potential of the LD and ULD of IL-6 in immune responses modulation, when employed in MI.