Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and inter-annual (2002-2010) variability of the suspended particulate matter as retrieved from satellite ocean color sensor over the French Guiana coastal waters.

Vantrepotte, V. , H. Loisel , X. Meriaux, G. Neukermans, D. Dessailly, C. Jamet, E. Gensac, and A. Gardel, 2011. Seasonal and inter-annual (2002-2010) variability of the suspended particulate matter as retrieved from satellite ocean color sensor over the French Guiana coastal waters. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 64 (Proceedings of the 11th International Coastal Symposium), ���� – ����. Szczecin, Poland, ISSN 0749-0208 A regional algorithm has been developed for estimating total suspended matter (TSM) concentration over the MODIS time period in the French Guiana coastal wat ers. The temporal analysis of the 8-year time series (2002-2010) shows very different patterns of temporal variability translating the influence of the various hydrodynamic forcings occurring in this coastal system. Hydrodynamical rings formation associated with the retroflecting North Brazil current system induce strong irregular variations in the TSM loads offshore the Guiana coast. Further, strong significant 8-year interannual changes have been detected along the nearshore waters of French Guiana. The alternance in the distribution of the areas showing increasing and decreasing trends might underline the migration of mud banks particularly dynamic in this coastal region.
Determinants Of Capital Structure In Manufacturing Companies In Emerging Stock Market

This study aims to examine and obtain empirical evidence that business risk, profitability, tangibility, firm size, liquidity, and asset growth rate, affect the capital structure of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2017-2021 period. The study was conducted on 95 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017 – 2021. The data used in this study is panel data. The method used in this research is explanatory with a quantitative approach and the sampling used is simple purposive sampling.analysis Explanatory is used to explain the relationships between the variables of capital structure, business risk, profitability, tangibility, firm size, liquidity, and asset growth rate. The results show that profitability and liquidity have a negative effect on capital structure, tangibility and asset growth rate have a positive effect on capital structure, while business risk and firm size have no effect on capital structure. The results also show that the simultaneous test concludes that all independent variables affect the dependent variable.
Regulatory T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Graves’ Disease

Maintaining a delicate balance between the prompt immune response to pathogens and tolerance towards self-antigens and commensals is crucial for health. T regulatory (Treg) cells are pivotal in preserving self-tolerance, serving as negative regulators of inflammation through the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-2 neutralization, and direct suppression of effector T cells. Graves’ disease (GD) is a thyroid-specific autoimmune disorder primarily attributed to the breakdown of tolerance to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. Given the limitations of currently available GD treatments, identifying potential pathogenetic factors for pharmacological targeting is of paramount importance. Both functional impairment and frequency reduction of Tregs seem likely in GD pathogenesis. Genome-wide association studies in GD have identified polymorphisms of genes involved in Tregs’ functions, such as CD25 (interleukin 2 receptor), and Forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3). Clinical studies have reported both functional impairment and a reduction in Treg frequency or suppressive actions in GD, although their precise involvement remains a subject of debate. This review begins with an overview of Treg phenotype and functions, subsequently delves into the pathophysiology of GD and into the existing literature concerning the role of Tregs and the balance between Tregs and T helper 17 cells in GD, and finally explores the ongoing studies on target therapies for GD.
Comparison of Facemask Ventilation Quality Between the Three-Finger Grip and the Three-Finger Grip Plus the Newly-Devised Submental Maneuver in Infants: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Mask ventilation is one of the most important aspects of managing and maintaining a patient's airway. Performing good mask ventilation can avoid the need for intubation. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the ventilation quality of two different mask-holding techniques in infants: The three-finger grip and the three-finger grip plus the newly-devised submental maneuver. Methods: This double-blind, randomized controlled trial included 90 infants under 1 year of age undergoing elective surgery under general inhalation anesthesia in Tehran Children's Medical Center. Each patient was randomly allocated to one of the interventional groups, and general anesthesia was induced using one of the mask-holding techniques before intubation. Demographic data for each patient was collected. Expired tidal volume (VTE) was assessed quantitatively by the Drager machine and then classified into three groups of quality of breath flow as either good (5 - 7 mL/kg), fair (3 - 5 mL/kg), or bad (< 3 mL/kg). Results: In this study, VTE was shown to be statistically significantly better in the submental maneuver compared with the three-finger grip. Good, fair, and bad qualities were recorded for 30, 15, and 0 patients in the three-finger grip group and 39, 6, and 0 patients in the submental maneuver group, respectively (P = 0.025). Classifying patients into four groups of body mass index (BMI), 10 - 14, 15 - 19, 20 - 24, and 25 - 29, we compared VTE between the two techniques within each group. The results showed that in the BMI group of 20 - 24, the quality of breath flow was statistically significantly better in the submental maneuver (P = 0.047). Conclusions: Adding the submental maneuver to the three-finger grip seems to provide better expired tidal volume in infants. Also, it seems that in children with higher BMI and larger submental soft tissue, the submental maneuver provides better ventilation quality than the three-finger grip.
Environmental Causes of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common and severe of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, is a chronic and relentlessly progressive disease, which occurs mostly in middle-aged and elderly males. Although IPF is by definition “idiopathic”, multiple factors have been reported to increase disease risk, aging being the most prominent one. Several occupational and environmental exposures, including metal dust, wood dust and air pollution, as well as various lifestyle variables, including smoking and diet, have also been associated with an increased risk of IPF, probably through interaction with genetic factors. Many of the predisposing factors appear to act also as trigger for acute exacerbations of the disease, which herald a poor prognosis. The more recent literature on inhalation injuries has focused on the first responders in the World Trade Center attacks and military exposure. In this review, we present an overview of the environmental and occupational causes of IPF and its pathogenesis. While our list is not comprehensive, we have selected specific exposures to highlight based on their overall disease burden.
The Influence of Work Experience and Motivation on Nurse Performance through Caring Behavior in the Inpatient Room of the Labuang Baji Regional General Hospital Makassar

This study intends to analyze the effect of work experience and motivation on nurses' performance through caring behavior in the inpatient room of the Labuang Baji Makassar Regional General Hospital. The research design used in this study was a survey with a quantitative approach. The study population was the nurses in the inpatient room of the Regional General Hospital Labuang Baji Makassar. The method of determining the sample used in this study using an accidental sampling technique with a sample size of 122 respondents. This test uses a multiple linear regression test and path analysis. The results showed that the researcher gave 122 questionnaires according to the sample in the inpatient room and sent back 104 questionnaires with the results are: (1) work experience having a positive effect on caring behavior, (2) motivation has a positive impact on behavior, (3) affectionate behavior has a positive impact on performance, (4) work experience hurts nurses performance, (5) motivation harms the performance of nurses, (6) work experience indirectly through caring behavior harms the performance of nurses and (7) cause indirectly through watching the action in the inpatient room of the Regional General Hospital Labuang Baji Makassar hurts the performance of nurses.
Unusual characteristics of lower thermosphere prevailing winds at South Pole

Meteor radar measurements of meridional winds near 95 km altitude, along four orthogonal azimuth directions approximately 2° from the geographic South Pole, were made between January 19, 1995, and January 26, 1996. Herein we report analyses of the prevailing (daily mean) wind component covering the period from January 19 through June 20, 1995. The observed phenomena include (a) A regular month‐to‐month migration in the phase of the s=1 quasi‐stationary component of the wind field; (b) During April, a 10‐day period of strong net wind divergence from the pole; (c) evidence for upwelling associated with very high magnetic activity. It is speculated that the wind divergence event may be associated with the mesospheric penetration of momentum fluxes known to accompany intense wave 1 activity in the Southern Hemisphere during April [Miles et al., 1994].
Characteristics of one-dimensional compressibility of Shanghai clay

Although the compressibility of Shanghai clay has been widely investigated over the years,few attempts have been made to compare the characteristics of the clay with those of other natural clays worldwide,in particular its long-term behaviours.A number of series of conventional and long-term consolidation tests up to 70 days on natural undisturbed samples are described and reported.These samples are taken from different soil layers in a basement excavation in Puxi area in Shanghai.The main objectives of these tests are to investigate the compressibility,especially the secondary compression of Shanghai clay and to compare the measured results with those of other typical natural clays worldwide.Experimental results reveal that the compression index Cc of Shanghai clay is relatively small ranging from 0.43 to 0.50. The coefficient of the secondary compression Cα is found to be almost constant when the vertical consolidation pressure is smaller than or close to the preconsolidation pressure,while Cα decreases significantly with time when the consolidation pressure is beyond the preconsolidation pressure.By comparing the measured Cα /Cc ratios of Shanghai clay with those of other typical natural soils worldwide,the ratio is found to fall within the lower range of those for inorganic clay and silt.Based on the classifications by the coefficient of the secondary compression suggested by Mesri(1973),Shanghai clay can be classified as a soil with low to medium secondary compressibility.
Cloud Cover in the ECMWF Reanalysis

Abstract Data from reanalyses recently carried out by several climate and numerical weather prediction centers will find a variety of applications in different branches of atmospheric science. A careful evaluation of the many aspects of these datasets is a prerequisite for their successful use. This paper describes the implementation of a fully prognostic cloud scheme into the ECMWF reanalysis system and provides a first assessment of the simulation of cloud cover by comparing it with monthly mean cloud cover derived from satellite observations in the context of the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project for the years 1983–90. Special emphasis is put on the major cloud regimes and their intra- and interannual variation. The main deficiencies identified are an underestimation of extratropical cloud cover over the oceans by 10%–15%, an overestimation of trade wind cumulus cover by about 10%–15%, an underestimation of stratocumulus off the west coasts of the subtropical continents by 15%, and an u.
Azadiradione, a Component of Neem Oil, Behaves as a Superoxide Dismutase Mimic When Scavenging the Superoxide Radical, as Shown Using DFT and Hydrodynamic Voltammetry

The neem tree, Azadirachta indica, belongs to the Meliaceae family, and its use in the treatment of medical disorders from ancient times to the present in the traditional medical practices of Asia, Africa and the Middle East is well-documented. Neem oil, extracted from the seeds of the fruit, is widely used, with promising medicinal benefits. Azadiradione, a principal antioxidant component of the seeds of A. indica, is known to reduce oxidative stress and has anti-inflammatory effects. To directly measure the antioxidant ability of neem oil, we used Rotating Ring Disk Electrode (RRDE) hydrodynamic voltammetry to quantify how it can scavenge superoxide radical anions. The results of these experiments show that neem oil is approximately 26 times stronger than other natural products, such as olive oil, propolis and black seed oil, which were previously measured using this method. Next, computational Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods were used to arrive at a mechanism for the scavenging of superoxide radical anions with azadiradione. Our work indicates that azadiradione is an effective antioxidant and, according to our DFT study, its scavenging of the superoxide radical anion occurs through a reaction mechanism in which azadiradione mimics the antioxidant action of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In this mechanism, analogous to the SOD enzymatic reaction, azadiradione is regenerated, along with the production of two products: hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. This antioxidant process provides an explanation for azadiradione’s more general and protective biochemical effects.
Effects of organic fertilization on winter wheat photosynthetic characteristics and water use efficiency in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia

Application of organic fertilizer could improve soil moisture,promote water use efficiency and increase crop yield.We conducted an experiment to study the effects of soil water storage,photosynthetic indexes and water use efficiency of winter wheat under different application rate of organic fertilizer(H 90000 kg/ha,M 60000 kg/ha,L 30000 kg/ha) for four years(2007-2010) in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia.The results showed that compared with CK,after 4 years continuous application of organic fertilizer,following the order of organic fertilizer rate from high to low,soil water storage(depth 0-200 cm) increased by 6.46%,5.06% and 2.12% at the sowing stage and by 12.47%,9.38% and 3.58% at the maturity stage of winter wheat respectively;grain yield of winter wheat increased by 35.05%,20.77% and 11.51%(P0.01) respectively;and the water use efficiency increased 38.26%,22.61% and 11.88%(P0.01) respectively.Application of organic fertilizers not only could significantly increase SPAD value,but also enhance photosynthetic efficiency.The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate for the H,M and L treatments are about 5.79、4.68、2.00 μmol/(m2·s) and 1.50、1.17、0.57 mmol/(m2·s) higher than that of the CK(P0.01). In conclusion,in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia,the application of organic fertilizer could enhance soil moisture content,promote photosynthetic efficiency,increase crop yield and crop water use efficiency significantly.
Modeling haboob dust storms in large‐scale weather and climate models

Recent field campaigns have shown that haboob dust storms, formed by convective cold pool outflows, contribute a significant fraction of dust uplift over the Sahara and Sahel in summer. However, in situ observations are sparse and haboobs are frequently concealed by clouds in satellite imagery. Furthermore, most large‐scale weather and climate models lack haboobs, because they do not explicitly represent convection. Here a 1 year long model run with explicit representation of convection delivers the first full seasonal cycle of haboobs over northern Africa. Using conservative estimates, the model suggests that haboobs contribute one fifth of the annual dust‐generating winds over northern Africa, one fourth between May and October, and one third over the western Sahel during this season. A simple parameterization of haboobs has recently been developed for models with parameterized convection, based on the downdraft mass flux of convection schemes. It is applied here to two model runs with different horizontal resolutions and assessed against the explicit run. The parameterization succeeds in capturing the geographical distribution of haboobs and their seasonal cycle over the Sahara and Sahel. It can be tuned to the different horizontal resolutions, and different formulations are discussed with respect to the frequency of extreme events. The results show that the parameterization is reliable and may solve a major and long‐standing issue in simulating dust storms in large‐scale weather and climate models.
Effect of Drought on leaf gas Exchange, Water-use Efficiency and Carbon Isotope Discrimination in two Species (Rhus tripartitum (Ucria) Grande and Ziziphus lotus (L.)) in arid zone of Tunisia threatened of Disappearance

This study integrates effect of drought on the leaf gas exchange, carbon isotope discrimination and water-use efficiency of the young seedlings of Rhus tripartitum and Ziziphus lotus. These parameters were assessed under control and stress condition. Control pots were irrigated several times each week to maintain soil moisture near field capacity, while stress pots experienced soil drying by stopping irrigation for two cycles of severe stress. Under both conditions, Gs was correlated positively between E, A and carbone isotope discrimination of both species, but Gs was negatively associated with A/Gs. Gs for Ziziphus lotus presents a major reduction without of irrigation which is accentuated after 20 days of stress especially for Matmata (0,010 mol/m²/s) compared to other. The photosynthesis rate showed a significant reduction for the two species and more accentuated during the 2 nd cycle (20 days). One obtained averages which reaches (0,45 µmol/m ²/s ) for Ziziphus lotus of the source of Matmata and least degree for the species Rhus tripartitum with (0,70 µmol/m²/s) for Bouhedma. There was a reduction of leaf transpiration rate but most significant about Rhus tripartitum compared to Ziziphus lotus. The highest values of Carbon isotope discrimination are encountered in control plants compared with those stressed in all sources studied. The result revealed that there were some differences between studied species in leaf gas exchange parameters, which can give some indications on the degree of drought tolerance. It is concluded that source of Ziziphus lotus of Matmata is sensible to drought compared to other.
Bribery Detection Strategy: A Conceptual Model

Bribery is a type of corruption with a high number of cases almost every year, including in Indonesia. This condition is getting worse because most bribery occurs in government circles. Therefore, finding an effective solution to detect bribery is the focus of many parties, especially the government. By seeing this solution in the future, the number of bribery cases can decrease significantly. This research aims to develop a holistic model that includes potential factors for detecting bribes. This research will use a literature review to obtain data. The results of this research indicate that three potential factors effectively detect bribery. The factors are forensic audit and internal audit, which are potentially effective methods to detect bribery. In addition, another factor is big data, which has the potential to increase the role of forensic audits and internal audits to detect bribery.
Intelligent Virtual Assistants and New Perspectives of Knowledge Acquisition

The objective of this article is to present a case of using artificial intelligence to support people from Generation Z in the process of assimilating knowledge. The AI-based tools aimed at improving language competence analyzed in the study included Intelligent Virtual Assistants (IVA): Google Assistant, Siri as well as web translators. The following research procedure was adopted: the experiment included an attempt to learn a foreign language using one of the IVAs or web translators. 251 Polish students decided to participate in the research. After the learning session, respondents completed a knowledge test concerning popular phrases in a given language. The results were related to the individual characteristics of the respondents and analyzed statistically. Interesting overall results were obtained. The data was also analyzed in subgroups, distinguished on the basis of gender, the tool used (web translator, IVAs: Google Assistant, and Siri) as well as the language chosen for learning a foreign language. The analyses were aimed at identifying differences conditioned by the gender of the learner. Another challenge was to identify the most effective tool and to determine which languages are the easiest and most difficult to learn using this method. In many cases, the acquisition of new vocabulary turned out to be very promising. This suggests that people’s adoption of such an innovative form of learning is a rather individual matter, varying from person to person. The study is designed to show a new perspective on acquiring knowledge, improving competence and learning in an informal way. In this case, learners use artificial assistants based on artificial intelligence and learning algorithms. This is certainly a controversial issue at present, but it is likely to become a common solution in the near future.
Assessment of the Influence of Teaching Methods on Learners Preparedness for Primary Education in Kenya

The purpose of this research was to compare and contrast the efficacy of different teaching methods in preparing pre-primary school students for success in elementary school. Participants in the study included Curricula Support Officers (CSOs), Section Heads, Early Childhood Development and Education (ECDE) center administrators, and educators. The study took a descriptive survey approach. The sample size of 215 was determined by Yamane's (1967) formula and was reached by the use of a systematic sampling technique. Focus group discussions (FGD), questionnaires, and in-depth interviews were all used to compile the data. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the results were presented in tables, while qualitative data underwent content analysis and was presented narratively. Parametric and non-parametric tests were utilized in inferential statistics, and a 5% significance threshold was applied in a logistic regression analysis to assess the null hypothesis. The Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to check for normality. Since the calculated p-value of 0.042 was less than the required significance threshold of 0.05, the null hypothesis was rejected, suggesting that teaching practices had a sizeable impact on students' readiness for academic success. These results can be used by the County Government to provide better Early Childhood Development (ECD) programs. The National Government can use this information in policymaking and regulation to better track and control schools, which will improve students' readiness for the classroom. The results of this study may prove useful to teachers because they provide a variety of suggestions for improving the educational preparation of their students through ECDE programs.