Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sociological perspectives of social media, rumors, and attacks on minorities: Evidence from Bangladesh

Social media platforms serve as essential modes of communication for billions of people around the world. They host a diverse range of content—from the personal and social to the political serving as an important channel for connecting people for spreading ideas. However, given their widespread penetration into everyday social and political life, they have become a tool for spreading rumors and disinformation that may often misrepresent or distort reality and have in many cases incited violence. In Bangladesh, perpetrators over the last decade have utilized social media platforms to spread rumors and to mobilize mobs to launch violent attacks on minority groups. Drawing from social movement theories on how the nexus between social media and political violence works, this paper examines a sample of five cases during the periods of 2011–2022. We exemplify minority attacks being instigated by social media rumors to understand their nature and causes thereof. The study finds that religious extremism, the absence of legal safeguards, and the culture of impunity are the primary triggers, to a varying degree, for the social media rumor-instigated attacks on minorities in Bangladesh.
Shell shape and genetic variability of Southeast Asian Box Turtles (Cuora amboinensis) from Borneo and Sumatra

Distinguishing between species is an essential aspect of animal research and conservation. For turtles, morphology and genetic analysis are potentially valuable tools for identification. Shell shape is an important component of phenotypic variation in turtles and can be easily described and quantified by geometric morphometrics (GM). Here, we focus on carapace and plastron shape discrimination of immature Southeast Asian box turtles (Cuora amboinensis) from two of the Greater Sunda Islands with partially distinct faunas. GM analysis identified significant differences in carapace and plastron shape between turtles from Borneo and Sumatra. The discrimination success amounted to 90% and 83.7% for carapace and plastron, respectively. The correlations of carapace and plastron shapes were high for Sumatra (0.846), and less pronounced for Borneo (0.560). We detected no differences in the ontogenetic trajectories of the shell shape between the two islands. We conclude that shell shape can be used for reliable geographic assignment of C. amboinensis of unknown origin. In addition to the comparison of shell shapes, turtles from Borneo, Sumatra, Seram, and turtles of unknown origin from two Czech zoos were studied genetically. Analysis of the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene confirmed the distinctness of turtles from Borneo and Sumatra, with p-distance 2.68 – 4.09% sequence difference. Moreover, we discovered considerable genetic difference in Seram turtles of previously unknown haplogroup (p-distance 6.00 – 8.68%) revealing the need for the revision of the whole species complex of Cuora amboinensis.
Effectiveness of Plasma-Rich Fibrin and De-Epithelialized Free Gingival Graft in the Treatment of Gingival Recessions

Introduction/Aim: Soft tissue dehiscences such as gingival recessions are a very common problem that we face in modern periodontics. This clinical study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of surgical procedures using a de-epithelialized gingival graft (DGG) combined with a coronally advanced flap and to evaluate the application of plasma-rich fibrin (PRF). Methods: The study included 40 teeth (20 patients) with Miller class I and II gingival recessions. Twenty recessions (20 patients) were treated utilizing the de-epithelialized gingival graft in combination with the coronally advanced flap, and on the opposite side of the jaw, the same number of recessions were treated utilizing plasma-rich fibrin combined with the coronally advanced flap. To evaluate tissue condition and the clinical parameters before and after the surgical procedure, the following parameters were used: the degree of epithelial attachment (DEA), the width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), and the vertical depth of recession (VDR). Results: based on the achieved results and the analysis of clinical parameters, a statistically significant reduction in the vertical depth of recession was proven in both groups, with very similar mean percentages of root coverage, with the difference being that the stability of the soft tissues of the treated region was more visible in the DGG. Conclusion: using modern surgical procedures allows the regeneration of not only the soft tissues but also deeper periodontal tissues.
Numerical analysis of gas flows condensing on its plane condensed phase on the basis of kinetic theory

Gas flows condensing on its plane condensed phase are considered on the basis of the Boltzmann–Krook–Welander equation. First, the formation and propagation of disturbances in an initially uniform gas blowing against its plane condensed phase are investigated under the conventional boundary condition on the condensed phase to supplement the authors’ previous work, where some solutions require more detailed computation. Then, with the aid of time‐dependent analysis, the behavior of steady condensation is clarified: The range of the variables at infinity and on the condensed phase that allows a steady solution is determined; the profiles of typical steady solutions are presented.
Smoothness of the boundary values of functions bounded and holomorphic in the disk

The non-Eucidean counterparts of Hardy-Littlewood's theorems on Lipschitz and mean Lipschitz functions are considered. Let I < p < oo and 0 < a < 1. Forf holomorphic and bounded, I f I < 1, in I z I < 1, the condition that f*(Z) =lf'(z) I/ (I lf(z) 12) = 0((1 I Z |) ) is necessary and sufficient for f to be continuous on I z I, I with the boundary function f(e") E aAa, the hyperbolic Lipschitz class. Furthermore, the condition that thepth mean off* on the circle I z l= r < I is 0((1 r) -) is necessary and sufficient for f to be of the hyperbolic Hardy class H,P and for the radial limits to be of the hyperbolic mean Lipschitz class aAW.
The large‐scale HI structure of the Small Magellanic Cloud

We combine new Parkes telescope observations of neutral hydrogen (Hi) in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) with an Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) aperture synthesis mosaic to obtain a set of images sensitive to all angular (spatial) scales between 98 arcsec (30 pc) and 4° (4 kpc). The new data are used to study the HI spatial power spectrum over a range of contiguous scale sizes wider than those previously achieved in any other galaxy, including our own. The spatial power spectrum closely obeys the relation P(k) ∝ kγ, with γ =-3.04 ± 0.02, similar to values obtained by other authors for our own Galaxy which are in the range γ =-3.0 to -2.8. This is surprising given the very different morphology, gas-richness, star-formation rate and evolution of the two systems, and may imply similar mechanisms for structure formation. One interpretation of the P(k) power-law is that the interstellar medium (ISM) of the SMC is fractal in nature, consisting of a hierarchy of HI cloud structures created, for example, by homogeneous turbulence. The projected fractal dimension of Dp=1.5 is similar to values obtained by other authors for molecular clouds in the Galaxy in the size range ∼ 0.05 to 100 pc. Such a model is consistent with a low space-filling factor for the neutral gas. A kinematic study of the HI data reveals the existence of three supergiant shells which were previously undetectable in the ATCA data alone. These shells have diameters up to 1.8 kpc and require energies (in the standard supernova-driven models) up to 2×1054 erg. The structure and evolution of the ISM in the SMC are heavily influenced by the formation of these supergiant shells.
Influence of boundary conditions on the frequency characteristics of a rotating truncated circular conical shell

The influence of boundary conditions on the frequency characteristics of a rotating conical shell is studied using the Galerkin method. The results obtained include the relationships between the frequency parameter and circumferential wavenumber and between the frequency parameter and rotating velocity at various cone angles under different boundary conditions. The variation of the frequency characteristics at various vibrational modes is also shown. In order to validate the present analysis, several comparisons of the numerical results with those published are made. One comparison is for an infinitely long rotating cylindrical shell; other comparisons are for the non-rotating conical shells. As is expected, these comparisons show very good agreement.
Theoretical study of three dimensional elastic band gaps with the finite-difference time-domain method

This work presents results on finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) integration of the full three dimensional elastic wave equation in nonhomogenous periodic media, for understanding the propagation and gap existence in these media. Extensive calculations are compared with plane wave expansion (PWE) data for different three dimensional systems consisting of Pb spheres in epoxy matrix forming an fcc lattice. The method of solving the wave equation provides good convergence and the agreement with the PWE method is excellent. The FDTD method, however, can handle cases such as fluids in solids which cannot be treated with the PWE method. Transmission results are presented for the case of Hg spheres in Al with fcc lattice, in order to prove the general use of the FDTD method.
P-wave velocity structure and implications for magmatism and metallogenesis in the southern Altaids: Constraint from wide-angle seismic data along the Altai-Eastern Tianshan traverse

Altaids in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is one of the world’s largest orogenic belts containing mineral deposits. Together with the Junggar terrain they open an important window to study the Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the CAOB. In this paper, we analyze a 637-km-long wide-angle refraction/reflection seismic profile across the Altai-Eastern Tianshan orogenic belt in the southern Altaids, conducted in September 2018 using 10 large explosive charges fired in drilled holes. We use a traveltime inversion method to reconstruct the lithospheric P-wave velocity structure along the profile. The lithosphere is composed of a 43-55-km-thick crust, a ∼10-km-thick crust-mantle transition layer beneath the Altai Mountain, and a ∼25-km-thick layer of lithospheric mantle. The results clearly reveal: a prominent Moho uplift beneath the Yemaquan Island Arc, two major crustal-scale low-velocity anomalies (LVAs) beneath the Yemaquan Arc and Bogda Mountain, and three high-velocity anomalies (HVAs) near the surface around the Kalatongke, Yemaquan and Kalatage mining areas. We hypothesize that the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean occurred with strong mantle upwelling. We suggest that continued compression of the Paleo-Asian Ocean causes the delamination of lithosphere, as well as asthenospheric material upwelling and magma underplating into the crust. Consistently, Paleozoic mafic-ultramafic rocks and mantle-derived minerals related to gold, copper and nickel deposits, are widely extended in the area. Our results show that the P-wave velocity-depth curves for deeper depths (>30 km) in the southern Altai and Junggar Basin are close to those of the continental arcs and global continent average. Despite powerful Paleozoic subduction activity, orogeny and volcanism strongly modified the lower crust in the region, part of ancient continental crust was still preserved below the southern Altai and Junggar Basin. In addition, the upper part (depth 5–30 km) of the velocity-depth curve for the Junggar Basin is close to that of the Costa Rica volcanic front and the British Columbia accreted terrain, suggesting that Paleozoic orogenic activity has intensively reconstructed the upper-middle crust beneath the Junggar Basin.
Evaluation of Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Between First Wave and Second Wave: Study From a Tertiary Cancer Care Centre, Delhi, India

Background and objectives The second wave of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) had several severe consequences in the form of rising cases, deaths, and overwhelming health infrastructure in India. However, the similarities and differences between the characteristics of the first and second waves have yet to be explained. The objectives of the study were to compare the incidence, clinical management, and mortality rates between two waves. Methods The COVID-19 data collated from Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi between the first wave (1 April 2020 to 27 February 2021) and second wave (1 March 2021 to 30 June 2021) were evaluated in terms of incidence, the clinical course of the disease, and mortality rates. Results The number of subjects hospitalized in the first and second waves was 289 and 564, respectively. Compared to the first wave, the proportion of patients with severe disease was higher (9.7% vs. 37.8%). Several parameters such as age group, grade of disease, the reason for hospitalization, values of peripheral oxygen saturation, type of respiratory support, response to therapy, vital status, and others show statistically significant differences between the two waves (P<0.001). The mortality rate in the second wave was significantly higher (20.2% vs. 2.4%, P<0.001) than in the first wave. Interpretation and conclusions The clinical course and outcomes of COVID-19 significantly differ between the first and second waves. There is a higher incidence of hospitalized patients (66.1% vs. 33.9%) with drastically increased case fatality rate in the second wave. Disease severity in the first wave is four times lower than in the second wave. The second wave was quite devastating, which led to the shortage of critical care facilities and the loss of a significant number of lives.
Mpox (Monkeypox) and the Eye: Ocular Manifestation, Diagnosis, Treatment and Vaccination

At present, the world is at the tipping point of the outbreak of mpox. The World Health Organization has declared the current mpox outbreak a ‘public health emergency of international concern’. Mpox has been shown to be associated with several ocular manifestations. Given the current state of the mpox outbreak, healthcare providers, particularly ophthalmologists, need to be aware of these ophthalmic symptoms and how to manage them. In this review, we highlight current knowledge on the ocular symptoms of mpox virus (MPXV) infections and how to detect them. In addition, we summarize the treatment strategies for these ocular manifestations of MPXV infections and outline the relationship between vaccination and the ocular symptoms of mpox.
Magnetically Linked Star-Disk Systems. II. Effects of Plasma Inertia and Reconnection in the Magnetosphere

Following on the results of the companion paper, we study the processes occurring in a force-free magnetosphere of a magnetically linked star-disk system as it expands owing to the rotation of the disk and, in finite time, approaches an open state. In particular, we use the self-similar solution for the magnetic field evolution to calculate the time-dependent plasma density and velocity profiles. We also perform an asymptotic analysis of the plasma velocity and density at the apex of an expanding field line as it approaches the open state. We use the resulting expressions to investigate how and when the inertial effects in the magnetosphere will intervene to slow down the expansion and to invalidate the force-free assumption. We find that the field opening drastically reduces the density near the apex of the expanding field lines (typically elongated in a direction making a ~60° angle with respect to the rotation axis) while at the same time creating a pronounced density enhancement near the rotation axis. The former effect is conducive to the triggering of microinstabilities in the current layer that forms along the direction of elongation, whereas the latter appears to be related to a mechanism for the formation of an axially outflowing condensation previously identified in axisymmetric numerical simulations. The appearance of a second outflow component along the disk surface in these simulations can also be reproduced by our model. Finally, we discuss the possibility that the expanding field lines reconnect across the current layer before they open up, leading to a quasi-periodic process of field-line expansion and reconnection.
Expert Systems and Fuzzy Systems: A New Approach via Possibility‐Probability Conversion

In the framework of his theory of relative information, derives formulae to convert probability into possibility and conversely, and shows how they can be utilized to reconsider many questions related to fuzzy sets and approximate reasoning on a meaningful information theoretic standpoint. The key of this approach is that the membership of a fuzzy set is now thought of as equivalent to the pair (probability, fuzziness coefficient). Therefore a sound new concept of informational membership entropy, which is fully consistent with Shannon theory, is evolved. In this new paradigm, the fuzzy object is simultaneously defined by the set itself and its complement. Thus obtains a new modelling for the union and the intersection of fuzzy sets, and new approaches to quantitatively modelling “If A then B”.
Large time behavior of solutions of a dissipative semilnear heat equation

In this paper we investigate the large time behavior of solutions of the semilinear heat equation. Where u{sub 0} is the initial data, N {ge} 1 and p > 1. It can be easily checked that if u(t,x) satisfied (1.1), then for {gamma} > 0 the rescaled functions u{sub {gamma}}(t,x) satisfies (1.1), then for {gamma}>0 the rescaled functions define a one parameter family of solutions to (1.1). A solution u {equivalent_to} 0 is said to be self-similar, when u{sub {gamma}} {equivalent_to} u for all {gamma} > 0. For instance, for any fixed p > 1, w{sup *}(t,x):=((p-1)t){sup {minus}1/(p-1)} is such a solution. Actually, it has been proved by H.Brezis, L.A. Peletier & D. Terman that for 1 {infinity}. 15 refs.
Sour Orange Microbiome Is Affected by Infections of Plenodomus tracheiphilus Causal Agent of Citrus Mal Secco Disease

Mal secco is a severe vascular citrus disease (MSD) caused by the mitosporic fungus Plenodomus tracheiphilus (Pt). The pathogen enters through wounds on the above- and below-ground parts of the tree. The susceptible species sour orange (Citrus aurantium) is the most commonly used rootstock for lemon trees in Italy. In this study, sour orange seedlings were wound-inoculated with P. tracheiphilus in leaves or roots. Six months post-inoculation, the microbial communities of rhizosphere, endorhizosphere, and xylem endosphere samples from inoculated and healthy plants were analyzed by 16S rRNA and ITS (internal transcribed spacer) amplicon sequencing. The DNA of Pt was quantified by real-time PCR in the three compartments. According to our results, the endorhizosphere of root-inoculated plants showed the highest concentration of the pathogen DNA. Bacterial populations of potentially beneficial taxa (e.g., Pseudomonas and Burkholderia) were depleted in the rhizosphere of the inoculated plants. Infection through leaves and roots also produced a network-wide rewiring of microbial associations in sour orange roots. Overall, our findings revealed community-level changes induced by Pt infection in the sour orange root and xylem microbiome, providing further insights into the beneficial multispecies interactions in Citrus-associated microbial communities.
Solar irradiance variations due to active regions

We have been able to reproduce the variations of the solar irradiance observed by ACRIM to an accuracy of better than +- 0.4 W m/sup -2/, assuming that during the 6 month observation period in 1980 the solar luminosity was constant. The improvement over previous attempts is primarily due to the inclusion of faculae. The reproduction scheme uses simple geometrical data on spot and facula areas, and conventional parameters for the respective fluxes and angular dependencies. The quality of reproduction is not very sensitive to most of the details of these parameters; nevertheless, there conventional parameters cannot be very different from their actual values in the solar atmosphere. It is interesting that the time average of the integrated excess emission (over directions) of the faculae cancels out the integrated deficit produced by the spots, within an accuracy of about 10%. If this behavior were maintained over longer periods of time, say, on the order of an activity cycle, active regions could be viewed as a kind of lighthouse where the energy deficit near the normal direction, associated with the spots, is primarily reemitted close to the tangential directions by the faculae. The currently available data suggest that energy ''storage'' associatedmore » with the redirection of flux near active regions on the Sun is comparable to the lifetime of the faculae. « less
Analyzing The Intention Of Borrower To Use Fintech Lending

This study aims to determine the direct effect of social influence, consumptive culture, and perceived usefulness on intention to use financial technology lending. This study also to find out the awareness people on using sharia fintech lending. Then, this study also to find out the indirect effect of social influence, consumptive culture, and perceived usefulness on intention to use financial technology lending moderated by motivation variable using Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. This research has found social influence and consumptive culture have a significant influence on intention to use fintech lending. Perceived usefulness and sharia fintech lending knowledge does not influence on intention to use fintech lending. This study found that social influence, consumptive culture, and perceived usefulness had no effect on the intention to use fintech lending through motivation as a moderating variable.
Estimating Latent Variables and Jump Diffusion Models Using High Frequency Data

This article proposes a new approach to exploit the information in high-frequency data for the statistical inference of continuous-time affine jump diffusion (AJD) models with latent variables. For this purpose, we construct unbiased estimators of the latent variables and their power functions on the basis of the observed state variables over extended horizons. With the estimates of the latent variables, we propose a generalized method of moments (GMM) procedure for the estimation of AJD models with the distinguishing feature that moments of both observed and latent state variables can be used without resorting to path simulation or discretization of the continuous-time process. Using high frequency return observations of the S&P 500 index, we implement our estimation approach to various continuous-time asset return models with stochastic volatility and random jumps. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press.