Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling the milling of hard red winter wheat: estimation of cumulative ash and protein recovery

ABSTRACT A nonlinear model consisting of segmented cubic and linear functions was used to describe cumulative ash as a function of wheat's physical characteristics (wheat size, 1,000 kernel weight, protein content, whole wheat ash, pearling value, and Zeleny sedimentation). The protein content of the flour (i.e., protein recovery of the mill) was studied as a function of the whole wheat protein content. The empirical models were developed using data from 54 samples of hard red winter wheat milled in the pilot mill of the Department of Grain Science and Industry at Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas. The empirical models developed were implemented into an electronic spreadsheet capable of estimating milling yields, ash content, and protein content of straight grade, patent, and remaining clear flours from the ash curve.
Detection of Cavitation with Microphone Placed Outside Piping

Cavitation-induced vibration and erosion of pipes are potential damaging factors in piping systems. To prevent damage, it is necessary to develop the detection method for cavitation phenomena. In power plants, it is especially desirable to detect their occurrence from outside the piping during operation. In this paper, detection of cavitation phenomena was experimentally investigated using microphones placed outside the piping at positions upstream and downstream from an orifice. The following results were obtained: (1) According to the development of cavitation state, the microphone output varied, and the amplitude and number of the pulse-shaped signals increased. However, it might be difficult to distinguish them from background noises in an operating plant. (2) Microphone output was confirmed to be radiated sounds caused by vibration on the surface of the piping based on measurements of the time difference between accelerometer output and microphone output. (3) The results of the 1/3 octave band analysis revealed that noises due to cavitation increased in the high frequency region according to development of the cavitation state. In the developed cavitation state, high frequency noises downstream from the orifice were larger than those upstream. (4) The RMS (root mean square) ratio of the microphone output upstream and downstream from the orifice varied according to the development of the cavitation state, and increased by applying a high band pass filter. Therefore, from comparison of RMS values of the microphone output upstream and downstream from the orifice, it is possible to detect cavitation phenomena in piping systems of an operating plant.
Multichannel intermodulation distortion in high-speed GaInAsP lasers

We present an experimental study of intermodulation distortion (IMD) in high-speed, long-wavelength GaInAsP lasers modulated up to 8 GHz. It is found that three-tone distortion products are the dominant contribution to IMD interference when the number of subcarriers is large. These distortion data are used with a simple theory to predict accurately the measured signal/noise ratio for each channel of a multichannel subcarrier system.
Exact analytical solution for current flow through diode with series resistance

A simple analytical expression is presented for the current flow in a diode driven by a voltage source through a series resistance. The proposed solution is based on the Lambert W-function. The new expression leads to an efficient method for extracting series resistance from measured current-voltage data. Experimental results are presented which validate the proposed solution and extraction method.
Development of a broadband E‐shaped ground penetrating microstrip radiator combining microstrip resonators and a slotted ground plane

A new type of microstrip patch antenna is designed and developed to be used in ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) applications. The developed antenna is an E‐shaped rectangular patch, with additional co‐planar microstrip resonators and a slotted ground plane. The measurements show that this antenna provides impedance bandwidths greater than 15% using low‐cost FR4 substrate. A dielectric cover makes this antenna easily and effectively applicable to difficult GPR applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 44: 172–176, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20579
Perceived and actual thermal conditions: case studies of green-rated and conventional office buildings in the City of Adelaide

Occupants in ‘green’ buildings have high expectations; generally anticipating improved comfort conditions, an element which also impacts on their perceived health and productivity levels. This paper presents a recent post-occupancy evaluation of a number of ‘green-rated’ and ‘non-green-rated’ commercial office buildings in Adelaide, South Australia. Occupant surveys and internal environment monitoring were conducted to assess the perceived and actual thermal, visual and aural comforts, and also health and productivity. This paper focuses on occupants' satisfaction in response to seasonal temperature conditions with survey results showing that green-rated buildings exhibit equal and in some cases decreased occupant satisfaction of internal thermal conditions when compared to non-green-rated buildings. Responses to thermal comfort questions were reviewed against actual temperature measurements logged within the buildings. It was found that altering building temperature set points based on ASHRAE Standard 55-2013 would likely result in improved occupant satisfaction of thermal conditions with the potential to reduce energy consumption.
Transdiagnostic Validation of the German Benefit Finding Scale (BFSC) for Youth With Chronic Conditions

We examined the psychometric properties of the 10-item Benefit Finding Scale (BFSC) in a transdiagnostic sample of German youth facing chronic conditions (N = 304; 12 – 21 years). Exploratory factor analysis with a first subsample revealed a one-dimensional factor structure. Confirmatory factor analysis with a second subsample verified the one-dimensionality with an acceptable fit. The BFSC exhibited acceptable internal consistency (α = .87 – .88). Benefit finding (BF) was positively correlated with age, disease severity, optimism, self-esteem, self-efficacy, sense of coherence, and support seeking. There were no correlations with avoidance, wishful thinking, emotional reaction, and health-related quality of life. Sex differences in BF were not consistent across subsamples. BF was negatively associated with social status. The BFSC is a psychometrically sound and transdiagnostic instrument to assess BF in youth and may facilitate further research on positive adaptation processes in response to chronic conditions.
Gain clamped L‐band EDFA using a fiber Bragg grating in two stage configuration

A gain clamping technique for the long‐wavelength‐band erbium‐doped fiber amplifier (L‐band EDFA) is presented. It uses two circulators and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to route a backward amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from a second‐stage amplifier and launch it back into the first stage. The use of a broadband (BB) FBG has shown a better gain clamping effect, compared to a narrowband (NB) FBG. The amplifier gain for the BB FBG set up is clamped at 15.0 dB with a gain variation of less than 0.1 dB for an input power as high as −5 dBm. The use of a BB FBG has also flattened the gain spectrum. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 265–266, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10889
Whole-House Heat and Moisture Production of Young Floor Brooded Layer Pullets

ABSTRACT THE heat and moisture production of DeKalb XL layer pullets brooded from one to 49 days of age in a typically managed litter-floor house were measured. Prediction equations for sensible and latent heat production were developed. The results indicate no significant difference between the sensible heat production of layer pullets and broilers of the same mass when both were housed at typical brooding temperatures. However, the latent heat production of the layer pullets was significantly lower than that of broilers of the same mass.
PROCEEDINGS of the HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 45th ANNUAL MEETING- 2001 COMPARISON OF SIMULATOR SICKNESS USING STATIC AND DYNAMIC WALKING SIMULATORS

Findings from the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) evaluated several factors related to the physiological effects of immersive virtual environments (IVE) exposure. Subjects conducted locomotion activities within a selected IVE by traversing a three-dimensional computer hallway setting using either a mouse-driven static simulator or a treadmill-operated dynamic simulator system. Two levels of rendered visual detail were also compared for their SSQ effects. Simulator Sickness Questionnaire analyses reveal an effect of gender such that the females were significantly more affected by simulator activities than the male subjects. Length of time in the simulator was also found to have a significant physiological effect on the participants in the tested range of 13-23 minutes of exposure. Longer time intervals were associated with significantly greater symptoms of simulator sickness and perceived discomfort. A comparison of scores between distance judgment and movement production activities produced no significant results, leading to the conclusion that the task objectives were not different from one another in simulator effects on the participants. Individuals who used the static simulator were significantly more affected than those with similar exposure times in the dynamic simulator. Analysis of two levels of detail in the IVEs revealed a tendency for more richly textured imagery to yield higher Total Severity SSQ scores with nearly significant differences. In accordance with previously established simulator sickness profiles, the static simulator pattern of symptoms resembled those of visually-dependant IVEs (cybersickness), while the dynamic simulator symptomology was more analogous to that of motion-based IVEs (classic simulator sickness).
A static predictor of seismic demand on frames based on a post‐elastic deflected shape

Predictors of seismic structural demands (such as inter‐storey drift angles) that are less time‐consuming than nonlinear dynamic analysis have proven useful for structural performance assessment and for design. Luco and Cornell previously proposed a simple predictor that extends the idea of modal superposition (of the first two modes) with the square‐root‐of‐sum‐of‐squares (SRSS) rule by taking a first‐mode inelastic spectral displacement into account. This predictor achieved a significant improvement over simply using the response of an elastic oscillator; however, it cannot capture well large displacements caused by local yielding. A possible improvement of Luco's predictor is discussed in this paper, where it is proposed to consider three enhancements: (i) a post‐elastic first‐mode shape approximated by the deflected shape from a nonlinear static pushover analysis (NSPA) at the step corresponding to the maximum drift of an equivalent inelastic single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) system, (ii) a trilinear backbone curve for the SDOF system, and (iii) the elastic third‐mode response for long‐period buildings. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed predictor is less biased and results in less dispersion than Luco's original predictor. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical properties of α-Al2O3/PP nano composite

This study has focused on the effect of nano particle α-alumina on the mechanical properties of polypropylene composite was studied. The nano composites containing 1-5 wt. % of α-alumina nano particles were prepared by using a Haake internal mixer. Mixing was performed at 170°C and 30 rpm was set for the rotor speed. Some properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, young modulus and the elongation to break were tested and were found to decrease with the addition of 2-3 wt. % α-nano alumina into the polypropylene matrix. However, with further addition of up to 3 to 5 wt. % of α-nano alumina, these parameters increased. In contrast, flexural modulus increased with an increase in the amount of α-nano alumina loading. When the weight percent was increased from 2 to 3 wt. %, the flexural strength was slightly decreased.
Systematic Error of Acoustic Particle Image Velocimetry and Its Correction

Particle Image Velocimetry is getting more and more often the method of choice not only for visualization of turbulent mass flows in fluid mechanics, but also in linear and non-linear acoustics for non-intrusive visualization of acoustic particle velocity. Particle Image Velocimetry with low sampling rate (about 15Hz) can be applied to visualize the acoustic field using the acquisition synchronized to the excitation signal. Such phaselocked PIV technique is described and used in experiments presented in the paper. The main goal of research was to propose a model of PIV systematic error due to non-zero time interval between acquisitions of two images of the examined sound field seeded with tracer particles, what affects the measurement of complex acoustic signals. Usefulness of the presented model is confirmed experimentally. The correction procedure, based on the proposed model, applied to measurement data increases the accuracy of acoustic particle velocity field visualization and creates new possibilities in observation of sound fields excited with multi-tonal or bandlimited noise signals.
An Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Post-Injection Strategies on Combustion and Emissions in the Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion Regime

In order to meet future emissions regulations, new combustion concepts are being developed. Among them, the development of low-temperature diesel combustion systems has received considerable attention. Low NO x emissions are achieved through minimization of peak temperatures during the combustion process. Concurrently, soot formation is inhibited due to a combination of low combustion temperatures and extensive fuel-air premixing. In this study, the effect of late-cycle mixing enhancement by post-injection strategies on combustion and engine-out emissions in the low-temperature (low soot and NO X emissions) combustion regime was experimentally investigated. The baseline operating condition considered for low-temperature combustion was 1500 rpm, 3 bar IMEP with 50% EGR rate, and extension to high loads was considered by means of post injection. Post-injection strategies gave very favorable emission results in the low-temperature combustion regime at all loads tested in this study. Since post injection leads to late-cycle mixing improvement, further reductions in soot emissions were achieved without deteriorating the NO X emissions. With smaller fuel injected amounts for the second pulse, better soot emissions were found. However, the determination of the dwell between the injections was found to be very important for the emissions.
Examining factors affect supply chain collaboration in Jordanian organizations

This research examines the dimensions of a supply chain collaboration (SCC) process in Jordanian partners and measures the effectiveness of its implementation using two structural models. The first model examines the relationship between the SCC process and relevant structural and social dimensions, including: governance (GO), administrative structure (AD), organization autonomy (OA), norms (NO), and mutuality (MU). The second model studies the effectiveness of SCC implementation via five dimensions, involving: information sharing (IS), resource sharing (RS), goal congruence (GC), decision synchronization (DS), and joint knowledge (JK) creation. A total of 95 organizations are surveyed and then the collected data are analyzed. Results reveal that GO, AD, OA, NO, and MU significantly affect SSC, while AD and MU have the largest effects. On the other hand, SCC implementation is significantly affected by DS and IS, while partially affected by RS. Finally, JK and GC show no significant effects on SCC implemen.
Cyclic Performance of Perforated Wood Shear Walls with Oversize OSB Panels

This paper reports the test results from a study investigating the influence of openings on the lateral resistance of wood-based shear walls built with both standard and oversize oriented strand board panels under monotonic and cyclic loading conditions. Test results showed that the application of nonstandard oversize panels significantly improved the performance of the perforated shear walls compared with standard 1.2 3 2.4 m panels. Door and window openings caused a significant decrease in the strength and stiffness of the walls and precipitated a change in failure mode, especially for walls with oversize panels. Although nail failure modes were commonly observed in walls without openings, a combination of nail and panel failures were observed in shear walls with openings. A newly proposed cyclic test protocol was used that consisted of fewer but more severe displacement excursions, compared with many other test protocols. This was believed to better reflect typical earthquake excitation and avoid low cycle nail fatigue failures, which were observed previously with long sequence cyclic test protocols.
The State Nobility: Elite Schools in the Field of Power

Foreword by Loic J. D. Wacquant. Translatora s Note. Prologue: Social Structures and Mental Structures. Part I: Academic Forms of Classification:. 1. Dualistic Thinking and the Conciliation of Opposites. 2. Misrecognition and Symbolic Violence. Part II: The Ordination:. 1. The Production of a Nobility. 2. A Rite of Institution. 3. The Ambiguities of Competence. Part III: The Field of the Grandes Ecoles and its Transformations:. 1. A State of the Structure. 2. A Structural History. Part IV: The Field of Power and its Transformations:. 1. Forms of Power and their Reproduction. 2. Establishment Schools and Power over the Economy. 3 Transformations in the Structure of the Field of Power. Part V: State Power and Power over the State:. Notes. Index.
Hormonal Receptors and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Discordance between Primary and Recurrent Breast Cancer in Sample of Iraqi Patients

Background: Though progesterone receptor and estrogen receptor are weak prognostic indicators, they are greatly predictive of response to endocrine therapy. HER2 overexpression or amplification is a powerful predictive factor for response to specific systemic therapies. Variation in estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 status between primary breast carcinoma and subsequent relapse of is clearly recognized. Aim of study: The study aims at determining the rate of discordance in progesterone receptor, estrogen receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status between primary tumor and subsequent locoregional and metastatic disease in a sample of patients attend oncology teaching hospital . Patients and Methods : A retrospective study conducted included 80 females patients attending oncology teaching hospital between December 2013 – December 2017 for whom the ER,PR,and HER2 status were known on tissue samples of both primary and subsequent locoregional and metastatic disease . Results: The ER,PR,and HER2 status discordance rate for between primary breast cancer and subsequent locoregional relapse and distant metastasis was 27.5%, 42.5% and 22.5% respectively Conclusion: The rate of discordance in ER and PR status primary and relapsed breast carcinoma in patients managed at oncology teaching hospital was similar to other studies. While the rate of discordance for HER2 status between primary and relapsed breast carcinoma was slightly higher than international studies.
Structural Equations Model of Land Use Patterns, Location Choice, and Travel Behavior

This paper addresses the relationship between travel behavior and land use patterns through the use of a structural equations modeling framework and a more comprehensive modeling than in the past. The proposed model structure is by design heavily influenced by a model developed for Lisbon, Portugal, to allow comparisons. In a related paper about that model, the existence of significant effects of land use patterns in travel behavior was found. The travel behavior variables included in the proposed model are multidimensional and comprehend both the short term (number of trips and trip scheduling) and the long term (home location, car and pass ownership, and mobility decisions). The modeled land use variables measure the levels of urban intensity, density, and diversity, both in relation to types of uses and the mix between jobs and inhabitants and the public transport supply levels. The land use patterns are described at both the residence and the employment zones. To account for self-selection bias, the land use variables are explicitly modeled as functions of socioeconomic attributes of individuals and their households. The Seattle, Washington, findings are presented and then compared with the Lisbon findings. Many commonalities between the two environments were found as well as many important differences pointing to the need for policy initiatives that are local and tailored to the specific context.
Modeling of the Flexural Fatigue Capacity of RC Beams Strengthened with FRP Sheets Based on Finite-Element Simulation

In this study, a three-dimensional finite-element analysis (FEA) was conducted to study the parameters that affect the maximum flexural fatigue capacity of RC beams strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. Forty-seven specimens were designed and analyzed by using FEA. Additionally, a fatigue capacity prediction model was developed to reflect the influences of the major parameters, including the fatigue behavior of steel reinforcement, FRP sheets, and FRP-to-concrete bonding; and the influences of minor parameters, such as the yield strength of steel reinforcement, concrete strength, width and thickness of the FRP sheet, and other parameters. The results of experiments on 181 beams reported in the literature were analyzed to verify the accuracy of the proposed model. The mean values of 1.05 and 1.02 and the corresponding coefficients of variation of 17.12 and 16.06% were determined by comparing the calculation results from the proposed model with the experimental data. These results reflect the superior accuracy of the proposed model in predicting the fatigue capacity of RC beams with and without FRP strengthening.