Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENT REGISTRATION WITH COLLABORATIVE FILTERING

Backgrounds: Recently, most students register for classes without any information and options to support their decision because the systems used do not recommend the registration instructions of each class and the number of students is increasing. Moreover, most teachers have a lot of and limited tasks, and most office staff are responsible for paper documents which can be easily lost and the right time of making an appointment between teachers and students is also limited. Aims: The purposes of this research were 1) to design the recommendation system of student registration with collaborative filtering, 2) to develop the recommendation system of student registration with collaborative filtering, and 3) to assess the competency of recommendation system of student registration with collaborative filtering. Findings: The results of the research revealed that the research instrument used was the model of assessment system. The sample group of subjects was the students of King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok with simple random sampling. The data was analyzed by simple statistics: percentage and standard deviation (S.D.). Conclusion: This research could be concluded that the success found that 1) the participants of the recommendation system of student registration with collaborative filtering were divided into three groups: students, teachers and office staff, 2) the recommendation system of student registration with collaborative filtering consisted of four development phases: planning, analysis, design, implementation, and 3) the overall efficiency of the recommendation system of student registration with collaborative filtering was at a high level (xˉ = 4.51 ) and the standard deviation (S.D.) was of 0.61. This showed that the performance of the recommendation system was efficient. Practical Implications: The students had the guideline for course enrolment through the smart registration system and the system could enhance the student’s learning outcomes. The teachers could reduce the procedures and time of consultation or finding some more information to enhance the students’ learning efficiency. Originality/Value: This research studied the recommendation system of student registration with the data of the students’ learning outcomes by implementing the theory of data recommendation and the collaborative filtering to recommend and predict the students’ learning outcomes.
Reflections on theory building and theory integration following a system dynamics approach

ion Independence from time and space Deciding between a top-down or a bottom-up approach to theory development and integration constitutes an important decision to be made by the modeler. The consequences of this decision affect all the criteria listed in Table 2, specifically the issues of generalizability and abstraction. 7 Concluding remarks The purpose of this paper was to reflect on the theory building process in system dynamics. Based on the premise that a model is a concrete realization of prior theories we analyzed the implications of building a dynamic theory from a body of related static theories and data. While the additional insights gained from such an approach have been widely discussed in the system dynamics literature some aspects have received less attention. We specifically emphasized the similarities between model conceptualization in the system dynamics literature and theory building in other strands of literature such as sociology or operations management. After reviewing some of the literature on model conceptualization and theory building we introduced two case study examples of theory building in public policy. The examples differed in the underlying discipline and the aim of the model building process. The first example was rooted in economics and aimed at identifying generic processes and determinants of regional rural development. The second example was
SALT WELDING DURING CANOPY ADVANCE AND SHORTENING IN THE GREEN CANYON AREA, NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO

Welds form due to the tectonically-induced thinning and/or dissolution of salt, with their composition and completeness thought to at least partly reflect their structural position within the salt-tectonic system. Despite their importance as seals or migration pathways for accumulations of hydrocarbons and CO2, we have relatively few examples of drilled subsurface welds; such examples would allow us to improve our understanding of the processes and products of welding, and to test analytical models of the underlying mechanics. In this study we integrate 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the Green Canyon Area of the northern Gulf of Mexico, USA to characterize the geophysical and geological expression of a tertiary weld, as well as its broader salt-tectonic context. These data show although it appears complete on seismic reflection data, the weld contains 124 ft (c. 38 m) of pure halite. This thickness is consistent with the predictions of analytical models, and with observations from other natural examples of subsurface welds. Our observations also support a model whereby compositional fractionation of salt occurs as the salt-tectonic system evolves; in this model, less mobile and/or denser units are typically stranded within the deeper, autochthonous level, trapped in primary welds, or stranded near the basal root of diapirs, whereas less viscous and/or less dense units form the cores of these diapirs and, potentially, genetically related allochthonous sheets and canopies. We also show that shearing of the weld during downslope translation of the overlying minibasin did not lead to complete welding.
Value Preserving Platform Regulation: Network Effects, Platform Value and Regulatory Remedies

The digitization of the economy is transforming not just the internal firms’ operational processes but entire sectors by redefining how firms create and deliver value. This is achieved through new ways of organizing firms’ value chains and interfirm relationships, which now increasingly occur not in isolation but in digital ecosystems and digital marketplaces. Digital platforms represent the engine of this transformation: they enable new structures of economic relationships, facilitate and manage interactions among multiple groups of users, and create new roles and innovation opportunities by empowering value-adding contributions by external firms and users. While this market orchestration power has produced large benefits for consumers and the economy at large, those benefits may hide risks associated with market power concentration. This report explores these implications by revisiting first the role of network size for network effects, then discusses when data can lead to network effects dynamics and create entry barriers or when they might stimulate greater innovation and competition. It concludes with a brief account of the challenges and issues with the writing of effective competition law.
A Model of Retail Banking and the Deposits Channel of Monetary Policy

We develop a dynamic, search-theoretic model of bank deposit and loan markets where relationships are bilateral, the demand for liquid assets is microfounded, and consumers are privately informed about their liquidity needs. As the policy rate rises, the deposit spread widens, and aggregate deposits shrink, in accordance with the deposits channel documented in Drechsler et al. (2017). We investigate how the transmission mechanism is affected by market structure and FinTech advances, e.g., online banking, big data. The relation between transmission and market power depends on the source of variation of the latter.
Long-term Investors, Demand Shifts, and Yields

I use detailed data on bond and derivative positions of pension funds and insurance companies (P&Is) in the Netherlands to study demand shifts and their causal effect on yields. In particular, I exploit a reform in the regulatory discount curve that made the liabilities more sensitive to changes in the 20-year interest rate but less so to longer maturity rates. Following the reform, P&Is reduced their longest maturity holdings but increased those with maturities close to 20 years. The aggregate demand shift led to a steepening of the long-end of the yield curve with lower yields around 20-year maturities and higher yields at longer maturities. Similar effects on yields appear in a large panel of European countries after EU insurance regulations implemented the same regulatory reform. My findings have important policy implications, as they indicate that the regulatory framework of long-term investors directly affects the governments’ cost of borrowing.
Gross Labor Market Flows and Entrepreneurship

In the data, entrepreneurship contributes to the micro and macro-level patterns of gross labor market flows and the selection into that occupation is highly responsive to labor market policy changes. Using an occupational choice model of employment, unemployment, and entrepreneurship, we show that search frictions over all three occupations and a technology letting entrepreneurs produce with their own labor, business capital, or both, are pivotal in rationalizing observed aggregate gross flows and behaviors along the wealth and ability dimensions. The responsiveness of our model flows to variations in unemployment insurance generosity is consistent with US empirical estimates. Changes in the relative riskiness of occupations drive this responsiveness. In turn, beyond the direct effects on unemployment, large reallocations between entrepreneurship and employment appear, shaping aggregate occupational shares. Using our framework, we show that the successive unemployment insurance extensions during the Great Recession have decreased the entrepreneurship rate by 0.4pp.
Disclosure Paternalism

Investors lacking good judgment may miscalculate the strategic motives causing withholding of material information. The resulting inadequate professional skepticism encourages excessively optimistic expectations after a non-disclosure and break the economic forces causing immediate unravelling to full disclosure. A regulator may intervene to correct the problem by mandating disclosure over events that would be otherwise be withheld; however, such paternalistic interventions come with a severe drawback: over-protection prevents investors from learning to be skeptical through repeated experiences of non-disclosure losses. While an unregulated market will converge over time to full disclosure, paternalism will lead to cycles characterized by high levels of compliance followed by excessive optimism. The model further predicts an association between positive price drift and transparency, and explains why regulators may sometimes choose to shut down entire markets.
Dynamics of Asset Demands with Confidence Heterogeneity

To understand the dynamics of investor asset demands, we develop a multiperiod general-equilibrium model driven by a single latent variable, differences in beliefs, resulting from heterogeneity in investors' confidence regarding the return dynamics of assets. Consistent with the data, investors' asset holdings are concentrated and display large and persistent heterogeneity in asset demands across investors. Moreover, demand curves are steeper than with homogeneous beliefs. The time-series and cross-sectional variation in assets' realized and expected returns, as well as their volatilities, are driven by the mean and dispersion of latent demand.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY OF GLOBAL WARMING

Global warming is a worldwide and protracted phenomenon with heterogeneous local economic effects. In order to evaluate the aggregate and local economic consequences of higher temperatures, we propose a dynamic economic assessment model of the world economy with high spatial resolution. Our model features a number of mechanisms through which individuals can adapt to global warming, including costly trade and migration, and local technological innovations and natality rates. We quantify the model at a 1° × 1° resolution and estimate damage functions that determine the impact of temperature changes on a region’s fundamental productivity and amenities depending on local temperatures. Our baseline results show welfare losses as large as 15% in parts of Africa and Latin America but also high heterogeneity across locations, with northern regions in Siberia, Canada, and Alaska experiencing gains. Our results indicate large uncertainty about average welfare effects and point to migration and, to a lesser extent, innovation as important adaptation mechanisms. We use the model to assess the impact of carbon taxes, abatement technologies, and clean energy subsidies. Carbon taxes delay consumption of fossil fuels and help flatten the temperature curve but are much more effective when an abatement technology is forthcoming. Jose Luis Cruz Alvarez Department of Economics Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544 jlca@princeton.edu Esteban Rossi-Hansberg Princeton University Department of Economics 289 Julis Romo Rabinowitz Building Princeton, NJ 08544-1021 and CEPR and also NBER erossi@princeton.edu An online appendix is available at http://www.nber. org/data-appendix/w28466
COVID-19 clusters and outbreaks in occupational settings in the EU/EEA and the UK

The aim of this document is to describe COVID-19 clusters and outbreaks in the EU/EEA and the UK linked to occupational settings, including healthcare and non-healthcare settings, and to identify possible factors contributing to transmission in these settings. Outbreaks or clusters in leisure settings (e.g. households, beaches, parties) or related to mass gatherings and social events (e.g. choir practice, church visits or funerals) are outside of the scope of this document. This report does not address all occupational groups, but takes a broad approach to describing COVID-19 clusters reported by EU/EEA countries and the UK to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and information on relevant COVID-19 clusters gathered by ECDC's Epidemic Intelligence (see Methods chapter). This document does not aim to provide guidance or recommendations on occupational health and safety measures for particular professions in relation to COVID-19 infection control, as this does not fall within ECDC's mandate. The European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) has published guidance specifically addressing issues related to workplaces during the COVID-19 pandemic, which also references national and international occupational safety and health guidance for a variety of sectors and occupations. While data on the full spectrum of COVID-19 clusters in occupational settings in the EU/EEA and the UK remain limited, it is clear that the most common exposure relates to lack of physical distancing, particularly in indoor settings, including shared accommodation, canteens, rest rooms and transport. Factors associated with transmission also included face-to-face contact with clients in sectors such as transport and retail, lack of access to hand-washing facilities, the housing conditions of seasonal or migrant workers and appropriate communication of the recommended public health measures. The number of clusters is probably significantly under-identified in occupational settings and at present it is difficult to investigate all clusters thoroughly. Many occupational clusters have been reported in the health and social care sectors, particularly in LTCFs and hospitals;however, these sectors are probably over-represented due to frequent testing in such settings.
Inverse System Dynamics in Competitive Economic Modelling: The case of Tanker Freight Rates

A system dynamics approach is used in order to model and identify the structural relationship between freight rates in the tanker industry and a set of exogenous inputs. Our motivation results from the limited data availability and the prohibitive theoretical complexity of economic models for the evaluation of managerial decisions and risk management. The combination of statistical analysis and economic insight leads to an innovative multidisciplinary approach for modelling competitive economic systems. We calibrate the model with real data from 1980-2002, achieve estimation and identification of the system and fully track the directional changes in freight rates. After conducting performance evaluation an innovative hybrid model is introduced and system performance is maximized both within and out-of-sample. Finally we discuss potential uses of this model for policy analysis, managerial investment decisions and risk management.
Characterization of Endophytic Fungi, Acremonium sp., from Lilium davidii and Analysis of Its Antifungal and Plant Growth-Promoting Effects

The present study was aimed at isolating endophytic fungi from the Asian culinary and medicinal plant Lilium davidii and analyzing its antifungal and plant growth-promoting effects. In this study, the fungal endophyte Acremonium sp. Ld-03 was isolated from the bulbs of L. davidii and identified through morphological and molecular analysis. The molecular and morphological analysis confirmed the endophytic fungal strain as Acremonium sp. Ld-03. Antifungal effects of Ld-03 were observed against Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Fusarium fujikuroi. The highest growth inhibition, i.e., 78.39 ± 4.21%, was observed for B. dothidea followed by 56.68 ± 4.38%, 43.62 ± 3.81%, and 20.12 ± 2.45% for B. cinerea, F. fujikuroi, and F. oxysporum, respectively. Analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction through UHPLC-LTQ-IT-MS/MS revealed putative secondary metabolites which included xanthurenic acid, valyl aspartic acid, gancidin W, peptides, and cyclic dipeptides such as valylarginine, cyclo-[L-(4-hydroxy-Pro)-L-leu], cyclo(Pro-Phe), and (3S,6S)-3-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)piperazine-2,5-dione. Other metabolites included (S)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-((S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)propanoic acid, dibutyl phthalate (DBP), 9-octadecenamide, D-erythro-C18-Sphingosine, N-palmitoyl sphinganine, and hydroxypalmitoyl sphinganine. The strain Ld-03 showed indole acetic acid (IAA) production with or without the application of exogenous tryptophan. The IAA ranged from 53.12 ± 3.20 μg ml−1 to 167.71 ± 7.12 μg ml−1 under different tryptophan concentrations. The strain was able to produce siderophore, and its production was significantly decreased with increasing Fe(III) citrate concentrations in the medium. The endophytic fungal strain also showed production of organic acids and phosphate solubilization activity. Plant growth-promoting effects of the strain were evaluated on in vitro seedling growth of Allium tuberosum. Application of 40% culture dilution resulted in a significant increase in root and shoot length, i.e., 24.03 ± 2.71 mm and 37.27 ± 1.86 mm, respectively, compared to nontreated control plants. The fungal endophyte Ld-03 demonstrated the potential of conferring disease resistance and plant growth promotion. Therefore, we conclude that the isolated Acremonium sp. Ld-03 should be further investigated before utilization as a biocontrol agent and plant growth stimulator.
Mortality in children aged <5 years with severe acute respiratory illness in a high HIV-prevalence urban and rural areas of South Africa, 2009–2013

Background Severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) is an important cause of mortality in young children, especially in children living with HIV infection. Disparities in SARI death in children aged <5 years exist in urban and rural areas. Objective To compare the factors associated with in-hospital death among children aged <5 years hospitalized with SARI in an urban vs. a rural setting in South Africa from 2009–2013. Methods Data were collected from hospitalized children with SARI in one urban and two rural sentinel surveillance hospitals. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested for ten respiratory viruses and blood for pneumococcal DNA using polymerase chain reaction. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify patient and clinical characteristics associated with in-hospital death. Results From 2009 through 2013, 5,297 children aged <5 years with SARI-associated hospital admission were enrolled; 3,811 (72%) in the urban and 1,486 (28%) in the rural hospitals. In-hospital case-fatality proportion (CFP) was higher in the rural hospitals (6.9%) than the urban hospital (1.3%, p<0.001), and among HIV-infected than the HIV-uninfected children (9.6% vs. 1.6%, p<0.001). In the urban hospital, HIV infection (odds ratio (OR):11.4, 95% confidence interval (CI):5.4–24.1) and presence of any other underlying illness (OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.0–9.2) were the only factors independently associated with death. In the rural hospitals, HIV infection (OR: 4.1, 95% CI: 2.3–7.1) and age <1 year (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.9–7.2) were independently associated with death, whereas duration of hospitalization ≥5 days (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.8) and any respiratory virus detection (OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3–0.8) were negatively associated with death. Conclusion We found that the case-fatality proportion was substantially higher among children admitted to rural hospitals and HIV infected children with SARI in South Africa. While efforts to prevent and treat HIV infections in children may reduce SARI deaths, further efforts to address health care inequality in rural populations are needed.
Computational Analysis of Gly482Ser Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in PPARGC1A Gene Associated with CAD, NAFLD, T2DM, Obesity, Hypertension, and Metabolic Diseases

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PPARGC1A) regulates the expression of energy metabolism's genes and mitochondrial biogenesis. The essential roles of PPARGC1A encouraged the researchers to assess the relation between metabolism-related diseases and its variants. To study Gly482Ser (+1564G/A) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) after PPARGC1A modeling, we substitute Gly482 for Ser482. Stability prediction tools showed that this substitution decreases the stability of PPARGC1A or has a destabilizing effect on this protein. We then utilized molecular dynamics simulation of both the Gly482Ser variant and wild type of the PPARGC1A protein to analyze the structural changes and to reveal the conformational flexibility of the PPARGC1A protein. We observed loss flexibility in the RMSD plot of the Gly482Ser variant, which was further supported by a decrease in the SASA value in the Gly482Ser variant structure of PPARGC1A and an increase of H-bond with the increase of β-sheet and coil and decrease of turn in the DSSP plot of the Gly482Ser variant. Such alterations may significantly impact the structural conformation of the PPARGC1A protein, and it might also affect its function. It showed that the Gly482Ser variant affects the PPARGC1A structure and makes the backbone less flexible to move. In general, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) showed more flexibility in the native PPARGC1A structure. Essential dynamics (ED) also revealed that the range of eigenvectors in the conformational space has lower extension of motion in the Gly482Ser variant compared with WT. The Gly482Ser variant also disrupts PPARGC1A interaction. Due to this single-nucleotide polymorphism in PPARGC1A, it became more rigid and might disarray the structural conformation and catalytic function of the protein and might also induce type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary artery disease (CAD), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The results obtained from this study will assist wet lab research in expanding potent treatment on T2DM.