Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distal Fibula Fracture Fixation: comparison between the One Third Distal Fibula Fracture Fixation: comparison between the One Third Tubular plate and Anatomical Contoured Locking plate Tubular plate and Anatomical Contoured Locking plate

Background : Ankle fractures are very common fractures. There are several techniques and implants to treat ﬁ bular fractures, including open reduction and internal ﬁ xation (ORIF) of the lateral malleolus at the distal ﬁ bula. Aim : This study compares anatomically locked distal ﬁ bular plate internal ﬁ xation and open reduction of lateral malleolus fracture outcomes. Patients and methods : This study included 20 patients with lateral malleolar fractures according to Weber classi ﬁ cation Weber A and Weber B, who presented at the Emergency of Al-Hussain Hospital and Al Sahel Teaching Hospital. Results : The mean sagittal and hindfoot motion was satisfying in both groups. The mean time for fracture healing is slightly longer in group one than in group two. The mean time from injury to surgery is slightly longer in group one (7.8) than group two (7 weeks). No patients needed implant removal in either groups. Conclusion : In terms of torsional and external rotational loads, this study shows that the lateral anatomical contoured distal ﬁ bula locking plate is comparable to a one-third tubular plate. Anatomically designed distal ﬁ bula locking plates with improved sites of ﬁ xation in the distal region may offer surgeons a more dependable choice in the event of unstable, osteoporotic distal ﬁ bula fractures.
Amino Acid-Based Boron Carriers in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT)

Interest in the design of boronated amino acids has emerged, partly due to the utilization of boronophenylalanine (BPA), one of the two agents employed in clinical Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). The boronated amino acids synthesized thus far for BNCT investigations can be classified into two categories based on the source of boron: boronic acids or carboranes. Amino acid-based boron carriers, employed in the context of BNCT treatment, demonstrate significant potential in the treatment of challenging tumors, such as those located in the brain. This review aims to shed light on the developmental journey and challenges encountered over the years in the field of amino acid-based boron delivery compound development. The primary focus centers on the utilization of the large amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) as a target for boron carriers in BNCT. The development of efficient carriers remains a critical objective, addressing challenges related to tumor specificity, effective boron delivery, and rapid clearance from normal tissue and blood. LAT1 presents an intriguing and promising target for boron delivery, given its numerous characteristics that make it well suited for drug delivery into tumor tissues, particularly in the case of brain tumors.
Is medial or lateral localization of osteochondral lesions of talus related to foot angles?

Objectives This study aims to examine the relationship between foot angles and the presence and localization of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs). Patients and methods Between January 2014 and January 2019, a total of 152 patients with a diagnosis of medial OTLs (95 males, 57 females; mean age: 28.8±6.4 years; range, 18 to 40 years), 51 patients with a diagnosis of lateral OTLs (36 males, 15 females; mean age: 27.1±6.2 years; range, 18 to 39 years), and 114 patients without known foot-ankle trauma as the control group (56 males, 58 females; mean age: 29.0±6.1 years; range, 18 to 40 years) were included. Magnetic resonance imaging and radiographs of each group were analyzed retrospectively. Lateral talocalcaneal angle (LTCA), calcaneal inclination angle (CIA), Böhler angle (BA), and Gissane angle (GA) were measured on the images and the values were compared among the groups. Results The CIA had a significant relationship with the localization (p<0.001). It was higher in patients with OLTs and had an effect on localization. The mean CIA was 26. 6º±3. 9º in the medial OLTs group, 23. 0º±3. 5º in the lateral OLTs group, and 18. 5º±3. 6º in the control group. There was a significant difference in the LTCA between the control and OLTs groups (p<0.001). The LTCA was higher in patients with OLTs, but had no effect on localization. The mean LTCA was 41. 1º±4. 2º for medial OLTs, 41. 3º±4. 2º for lateral OLTs, and 35. 7º±6. 8º for the controls. No significant relationship was found for BA and GA among the three groups. Conclusion Factors affecting the localization of OLTs are still not fully understood. However, foot morphology seems to play a role in determining medial or lateral localization. The LTCA is not related to the localization of OLTs; however, an increased LTCA may be related to the occurrence of OLTS. Increased CIA may be related to both OLTS localization and OLTs occurrence.
Risk factors and prognosis of pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Egypt: a university hospital based study.

AIM To study and compare the predisposing factors and clinical features of pediatric, adult, and elderly rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS This is an observational analytic cross-sectional study in which patients with RRD admitted for surgery during 6mo period were divided into 3 age groups: pediatric (<18y), adult (18-60y), and elderly (>60y). Patients' demographic data, clinical features, RRD predisposing factors/features including myopia (axial length ≥26.5 mm), aphakia/pseudophakia, blunt trauma, peripheral retinal degenerations, history of RRD in the fellow eye, and surgical interventions/findings were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Totally 142 patients (142 eyes) were studied: 26 (18.31%) pediatrics, 86 (60.56%) adults, and 30 (21.13%) elderly. Elderly patients had a significantly higher intraocular pressures and cataracts compared to the other 2 groups (P=0.04). The RRD extent was larger in pediatric group (mostly 4 quadrants) compared to adults and elderly (mostly 2 quadrants), but it was not statistically insignificant (P=0.242). There were not statistically significantly differences in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) rate, posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) rate, number, site, shape, and size of breaks in three groups. All three groups had macular detachment in all eyes. Myopia and peripheral retinal degenerations were found to be more significant in adults (P=0.049, P=0.035, respectively), while blunt trauma was higher but insignificant in pediatric eyes (P=0.052). Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with silicone oil as a tamponade was the most used surgery in all groups. CONCLUSION There are no significant difference in PVR rate in pediatric eyes but a significant higher rate of total RRD. Blunt trauma is more frequent in pediatrics eyes while myopia and/or peripheral retinal degenerations are more frequent in older ages. The rate of PPV as a choice for surgery is similar among all age groups.
Psychosocial correlates of mental health of university students in Hong Kong under COVID-19

Although the COVID-19 pandemic has caused many problems for university students, there are several research gaps in the study of psychological well-being of Hong Kong university students. First, few studies have examined different ecological correlates of mental health in a single study. Second, few studies have used both psychological morbidity and positive well-being as indicators of mental health. Third, we know little about the relationships between university students’ perceived need satisfaction, difficulties, service utilization, and their mental health. Hence, we conducted a study (N = 1,020 university students) in the later stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong. For mental health, we included measures of negative mental health (psychological morbidity) and positive mental health. We addressed several research questions in this study: (1) what is the mental health status of Hong Kong university students? (2) what is the relationship between COVID-19 stress and student mental health? (3) what are the intrapersonal correlates of student mental health? (4) are interpersonal factors related to student mental health? (5) are need satisfaction, difficulties encountered, and service utilization related to students’ mental health? (6) are there gender differences in the effects of correlates in different ecological systems? Analyses using structural equation modeling showed several observations. First, the prevalence of mental health symptoms among university students was alarming. Second, COVID-19 related socio-economic stress positively predicted psychological morbidity but negatively predicted well-being. Third, beliefs about adversity, resilience, and emotional competence predicted mental health. Fourth, family functioning was related to psychological morbidity negatively but connected with well-being positively. Fifth, while need satisfaction predicted psychological morbidity negatively, difficulties encountered showed the opposite direction. Besides, the perceived usefulness of university services positively predicted mental health. Finally, there were no gender differences in the effects of different predictors. The present findings enable public health researchers to formulate theoretical models on different ecological determinants of university students’ mental health under the pandemic. For public health practitioners, the study highlights the importance of reducing COVID-19 associated stress, strengthening internal and external developmental assets, and meeting the psychosocial needs of university students as strategies to promote their mental health under the pandemic.
Running Economy in the Vertical Kilometer

New and promising variables are being developed to analyze performance and fatigue in trail running, such as mechanical power, metabolic power, metabolic cost of transport and mechanical efficiency. The aim of this study was to analyze the behavior of these variables during a real vertical kilometer field test. Fifteen trained trail runners, eleven men (from 22 to 38 years old) and four women (from 19 to 35 years old) performed a vertical kilometer with a length of 4.64 km and 835 m positive slope. During the entire race, the runners were equipped with portable gas analyzers (Cosmed K5) to assess their cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses breath by breath. Significant differences were found between top-level runners versus low-level runners in the mean values of the variables of mechanical power, metabolic power and velocity. A repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant differences between the sections, the incline and the interactions between all the analyzed variables, in addition to differences depending on the level of the runner. The variable of mechanical power can be statistically significantly predicted from metabolic power and vertical net metabolic COT. An algebraic expression was obtained to calculate the value of metabolic power. Integrating the variables of mechanical power, vertical velocity and metabolic power into phone apps and smartwatches is a new opportunity to improve performance monitoring in trail running.
Medication and the Risk of Falls: An Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions Reported to the Portuguese Pharmacovigilance System

Falls are not always considered direct adverse drug reactions (ADRs). However, due to their mechanism of action, certain drugs increase the risk of falls. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the association between drugs and the risk of falls. An analysis of ADR reports submitted to a national pharmacovigilance database from 1992 to 2021 was performed using terms from the MedDRA dictionary. This included the word “fall” and terms related to conditions potentially predisposing patients to falls. The analysis involved examining the sex and age distribution of the population. Reports were assessed for seriousness, the class of the suspected drug, and the characterisation of fall events when they occurred. Over this period, 2217 cases were reported, with the majority occurring among females (60.71%) and the age group of 18–64 years old (38.43%). Most reports were classified as serious across all age groups, and immunomodulators (16.78%) were the most frequently reported pharmacotherapeutic class of suspected drugs. Falls were reported as ADRs in 343 cases, with fractures being the most commonly reported injuries (24.45%). In conclusion, falls can pose a significant health problem. Therefore, continuously monitoring drugs is crucial to minimise fall-associated risk factors.
What can we learn from COVID-19?: examining the resilience of primary care teams

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic continues to place an unprecedented strain on the US healthcare system, and primary care is no exception. Primary care services have shifted toward a team-based approach for delivering care in the last decade. COVID-19 placed extraordinary stress on primary care teams at the forefront of the pandemic response efforts. The current work applies the science of effective teams to examine the impact of COVID-19—a crisis or adverse event—on primary care team resilience. Methods Little empirical research has been done testing the theory of team resilience during an extremely adverse crisis event in an applied team setting. Therefore, we conducted an archival study by using large-scale national data from the Veterans Health Administration to understand the characteristics and performance of 7,023 Patient Aligned Care Teams (PACTs) during COVID-19. Results Our study found that primary care teams maintained performance in the presence of adversity, indicating possible team resilience. Further, team coordination positively predicted team performance (B = 0.53) regardless of the level of adversity a team was experiencing. Discussion These findings in turn attest to the need to preserve team coordination in the presence of adversity. Results carry implications for creating opportunities for teams to learn and adjust to an adverse event to maintain performance and optimize team-member well-being. Teamwork can act as a protective factor against high levels of workload, burnout, and turnover, and should be studied further for its role in promoting team resilience.
Benefits of CMIP5 Multimodel Ensemble in Reconstructing Historical Ocean Subsurface Temperature Variations

AbstractA complete map of the ocean subsurface temperature is essential for monitoring aspects of climate change such as the ocean heat content (OHC) and sea level changes and for understanding the dynamics of the ocean/climate variation. However, global observations have not been available in the past, so a mapping strategy is required to fill the data gaps. In this study, an advanced mapping method is proposed to reconstruct the historical ocean subsurface (0–700 m) temperature field from 1940 to 2014 by using ensemble optimal interpolation with a dynamic ensemble (EnOI-DE) approach and a multimodel ensemble of phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) historical and representative concentration pathway 4.5 simulations. The reconstructed field is a combination of two parts: a first guess provided by the ensemble mean of CMIP5 models and an adjustment by minimizing the analysis error with the assistance of error covariance determined by the CMIP5 models. The uncertainty of the field ca.
Can inhaled cannabis users accurately evaluate impaired driving ability? A randomized controlled trial

Aims To study the effect of inhaled cannabis on self-assessed predicted driving ability and its relation to reaction times and driving ability on a driving simulator. Participants and methods 30 healthy male volunteers aged 18–34: 15 chronic (1–2 joints /day) and 15 occasional (1–2 joints/week) consumers. Self-assessed driving confidence (visual analog scale), vigilance (Karolinska), reaction time (mean reciprocal reaction time mRRT, psychomotor vigilance test), driving ability (standard deviation of lane position SDLP on a York driving simulator) and blood concentrations of delta-9-tétrahydrocannabinol (THC) were measured before and repeatedly after controlled inhalation of placebo, 10 mg or 30 mg of THC mixed with tobacco in a cigarette. Results Cannabis consumption (at 10 and 30 mg) led to a marked decrease in driving confidence over the first 2 h which remained below baseline at 8 h. Driving confidence was related to THC dose and to THC concentrations in the effective compartment with a low concentration of 0.11 ng/ml for the EC50 and a rapid onset of action (T1/2 37 min). Driving ability and reaction times were reduced by cannabis consumption. Driving confidence was shown to be related to driving ability and reaction times in both chronic and occasional consumers. Conclusions Cannabis consumption leads to a rapid reduction in driving confidence which is related to reduced ability on a driving simulator. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02061020.
Compost application boosts soil restoration in highly disturbed hillslope vineyard

A field trial was carried out to investigate the effects of compost application on a young Cabernet sauvignon vineyard located in a hilly area in the North-East of Italy and subjected to land terracing before plantation. The use of a compost based on manure, pruning residues and pomace at a rate of 65 t ha-1 was compared to the mineral fertilization regime recommended for the vineyards in the area (NPK: 80, 50, 200 kg ha-1). A multi-factorial approach that considered soil chemical properties, microbial community structure and function, vine nutritional and vegetative indexes, yield and quality parameters was applied in the attempt of depict interrelated effects of compost on all these factors. Results of this study show that the application of compost for three consequent years greatly increased soil organic matter content and improved the mineral nutrient availability in the soil. Soil biological fertility showed a slow but significant response to compost addition as from the second year of treatment microbial growth and enzyme activity were increased compared to those of the inorganic fertilization, with special regard to enzymes involved in P cycle. A shift in the soil microbial community structure was also observed in compost-treated soil, with higher presence of copiotrophic bacteria, indicators of soil quality, and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria. A decrease of pathogenic fungal strains was also observed. Organic fertilization increased plant nutrient uptake and vegetative growth compared to those observed in chemically fertilized vines. A trend toward increased yield and improvements for some grape quality parameters such as acidity and pH were observed in the first year of production. These results provide evidence that compost can boost soil fertility restoration in vineyard disturbed by land terracing, allowing for agronomic performances comparable or even improved than those of chemically fertilized vines.
Effects of climate change on the distribution of the Arkansas River flow

Understanding the effects of climate change on the distribution of river flow has been a longstanding objective. This paper investigates the possible effects of such climatic changes on streamflow of the Arkansas River in Colorado. Changes in monthly flow regimes were projected and aggregated to a decadal time scale using two future climate scenarios. The streamflow projections were derived from a rela- tionship between streamflow and accumulated snow and temperature in the study re- gion mapped by a neural network developed for this purpose. April-September streamflow projections for the Arkansas River were analyzed for any changes. Results indicate an increase in the river flow, and in most cases the increases coincided with increased precipitation and temperature within the river basin. The historical peak flow shifted to from June to April. Frequency analyses of flow show that any flow in the months of April-July would be exceeded more frequently in the future. The per- cent of exceedance varies between the months. It is high for April-July; very low for August and almost negligible for September.
The Effect of Turmeric and Mangosteen Peel Extract on PPARα Gene Expression in the Retina of HFD-Induced Rat Model

A long-term high-fat diet (HFD) was proven to induce metabolic dysfunction and causes various organ inflammation, including the retina. As the regulator of lipid metabolism, PPARa plays a role in retinal lipid metabolism and served as one of the targets for decreasing lipid deposition in the retina. Turmeric and mangosteen peel are Indonesian medicinal herbs with enormous health effects, including antiinflammation and hypolipidemic properties. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract from turmeric and mangosteen peel on PPARa gene expression in the retina of an HFD-induced rat model. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: negative control, positive control, turmeric, mangosteen, and fibrate. At the end of the study, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels from the blood were measured. The retina was extracted to conduct Realtime PCR for PPARα gene expression. The result showed a significant difference in triglyceride levels between positive control and turmeric groups, and PPARa gene expression in the retina between the control negative, positive, and turmeric groups, but no significant difference was found in other groups. This study concludes that the extract of turmeric increases the expression of the PPARa gene expression in the retina in an HFD-induced rat model.
Cross-Country Variability in Inequality Change*

Due to the availability of international and longitudinal data and sophisticated statistical applications, it has been possible to examine cross-coun- try inequality changes from many different angles. In most studies, however, the variability of inequality across countries and years has been taken into account in a limited sense. This paper re-examines the findings of Galbraith and Kum (2005) and makes clear the implications of the assumptions on which the statisti- cal models depend. As a general conclusion, inequality appears closely related to the sectoral share of employment in the overall state of economic develop- ment, and this finding appears robust even with various assumptions on cross- country variability in intercept and coefficients of covariates.
The Structural–Functional Crosstalk of the Calsequestrin System: Insights and Pathological Implications

Calsequestrin (CASQ) is a key intra-sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-handling protein that plays a pivotal role in the contraction of cardiac and skeletal muscles. Its Ca2+-dependent polymerization dynamics shape the translation of electric excitation signals to the Ca2+-induced contraction of the actin-myosin architecture. Mutations in CASQ are linked to life-threatening pathological conditions, including tubular aggregate myopathy, malignant hyperthermia, and Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT). The variability in the penetrance of these phenotypes and the lack of a clear understanding of the disease mechanisms associated with CASQ mutations pose a major challenge to the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In vitro studies have mainly focused on the polymerization and Ca2+-buffering properties of CASQ but have provided little insight into the complex interplay of structural and functional changes that underlie disease. In this review, the biochemical and structural natures of CASQ are explored in-depth, while emphasizing their direct and indirect consequences for muscle Ca2+ physiology. We propose a novel functional classification of CASQ pathological missense mutations based on the structural stability of the monomer, dimer, or linear polymer conformation. We also highlight emerging similarities between polymeric CASQ and polyelectrolyte systems, emphasizing the potential for the use of this paradigm to guide further research.