Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Circularly Polarized 1 Bit Electronically Reconfigurable Reflectarray Based on Electromagnetic Element Rotation

A circularly polarized (CP) reflectarray with 2-D electronically steerable beam is reported. The reconfigurable CP reflectarray element is realized using a circular-patch-based structure with p-i-n diodes incorporated. A new electronical phase manipulation method is proposed based on the element rotation technique and by additionally exploiting symmetries in the field distribution of the element’s fundamental resonant mode. Element rotation can be equivalently achieved by altering the biasing voltage and changing the electromagnetic behavior of the reflective phasing cell. The proposed design approach brings about simplification in element configuration, leading to a reduction in the number of required diodes by a factor of one half. Practical concerns of the element and biasing complexity as well as the insertion loss are, therefore, well-handled. A fully functional $16\times16$ reconfigurable CP reflectarray is designed, fabricated, and tested to validate the concept. Good beam focusing and 2-D dynamic beam steering capabilities are confirmed through experiments, along with decent polarization purity and comparatively high aperture efficiency. The proposed simple and robust design could be attractive for implementing lightweight, low-cost, and large-scale 2-D reconfigurable CP reflectarrays.
The Role of Memorable Tourism Experiences in the Relation between City Image and Visitor Engagement Toward Re-Visit Intention to Yogyakarta City

Research Aims : The purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss the influence of city image and visitor engagement on re-visit intention through memorable tourism experiences as a mediation variable. Design/Methodology/Approach : The research sampling techniques used was nonprobability sampling by judgmental sampling methods. The respondents involved 220 visitors who had visited Yogyakarta city two times in the last two years. Path analysis was employed to analyze the data Research Findings : The results showed that visitor engagement had no significant impact on re-visit intention, while city image and memorable tourism experiences significantly affected re-visit intention. Similarly, city image and visitor engagement significantly influenced memorable tourism experiences. Theoritical Contribution/ Originality : The empirical results of this study provide tenable evidence that the proposed Path analyse designed to consider city image visitor engagement, memorable tourism experience, and revisit intention simultaneously is acceptable, although the previous researchers have not explained the relationship between variables as a whole Practitioner/Policy Implication : The results of this study indicate that the city of Yogyakarta is able to sell and market the image of the city and its tourism performance related to culture well to tourists, so that tourists have long-term memorable memories related to the city of Yogyakarta, especially women aged 15-30 years, even though based on the research results there is no emotional attachment to tourists when traveling to Yogyakarta. Research Limitation/Implication : In conducting this research, the researchers have limitations in data retrieval due to a COVID-19 outbreak that made many tourists not visiting tourist destinations, resulted in tourism-related groups even quieter and online questionnaires could not spread properly.
Frequency Dependence of Conductivity Characteristics of Seawater Ionic Solution under Magnetic Field

The seawater ionic relaxation processes under magnetic field (B=0.38T) reveal in the properties of conductivity. The conductivity of electrolyte solutions were measured at different concentrations, after application of magnetic field the value of conductivity changed. It was found that the frequency dependence conductivity increase at low frequency and at high frequency the conductivity decrease it is consistent with the theory of Debye-Falkenhagen and the frequency dependence of conductivity decrease with concentration increase occur at low frequency no matter with magnetic field or without it. The results also shown that the relaxation time decrease with the effect of magnetic field.
A Hybrid Compression Framework for Color Attributes of Static 3D Point Clouds

The emergence of 3D point clouds (3DPCs) is promoting the rapid development of immersive communication, autonomous driving, and so on. Due to the huge data volume, the compression of 3DPCs is becoming more and more attractive. We propose a novel and efficient color attribute compression method for static 3DPCs. First, a 3DPC is partitioned into several sub-point clouds by color distribution analysis. Each sub-point cloud is then decomposed into a lot of 3D blocks by an improved k-d tree-based decomposition algorithm. Afterwards, a novel virtual adaptive sampling-based sparse representation strategy is proposed for each 3D block to remove the redundancy among points, in which the bases of the graph transform (GT) and the discrete cosine transform (DCT) are used as candidates of the complete dictionary. Experimental results over 10 common 3DPCs demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve superior or comparable coding performance when compared with the current state-of-the-art methods.
In vitro efficacy of endophytic bacteria against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum causing soft rot disease in banana

The study was carried out to evaluate the endophytic bacteria isolated from banana leaf, pseudostem and roots against banana soft rot pathogen. Among the twenty endophytic bacteria tested, strain EBV2 showed maximum inhibitory activity and recorded with 660.18 mm2 of mean inhibition zone. This effective endophytic strain was further characterized based on cultural, biochemical and molecular techniques. The culture characters showed circular, smooth/powdery form, creamy colour with wavy serrated margins. The biochemical characterization showed positive reaction for gram’s staining, catalase test, citrate utilization test and growth in 5% NaCl and negative reaction for oxidase, KOH, indole and pigment production test and characterized the effective strain EBV2 as Bacillus sp. The PCR based molecular characterization using 16S rRNA universal primer and partial sequencing confirmed the effective strain EBV2 as Bacillus subtilis.
Monitoring recovery of overgrazed lichen communities on Hagemeister Island, southwestern Alaska

Understanding the recovery rate of overgrazed lichen communities has value to mangers of lands in northern regions. We describe lichen community composition and present recovery rate measurements for a 12-year period following overgrazing by reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) on Hagemeister Island, Alaska. Reindeer were removed from the island in 1993 following overgrazing and average total lichen biomass increased from 504.2 kg/ha (SD 205.4) in 2003 to 795.3 (SD 489.6) in 2015. We estimate time to recovery with three competing growth curves which estimate grazeable biomass may be reached in 34-41 years. However, estimates of full recovery to climax biomass varied among the models, ranging from 71 to 400 years. In 2015, lichen communities were composed of various mixtures of at least 78 lichen taxa, and were dominated by Cladina stygia and other important reindeer forage species. While reindeer overgrazing diminished forage quantity, it did not extirpate preferred forage taxa.
Deprecation of Packages and Releases in Software Ecosystems: A Case Study on NPM

Deprecation is used by developers to discourage the usage of certain features of a software system. Prior studies have focused on the deprecation of source code features, such as API methods. With the advent of software ecosystems, package managers started to allow developers to deprecate higher-level features, such as package releases. This study examines how the deprecation mechanism offered by the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sf npm}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">npm</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="cogo-ieq1-3055123.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> package manager is used to deprecate releases that are published in the ecosystem. We propose two research questions. In our first RQ, we examine how often package releases are deprecated in <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sf npm}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">npm</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="cogo-ieq2-3055123.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, ultimately revealing the importance of a deprecation mechanism to the package manager. We found that the proportion of packages that have at least one deprecated release is 3.7 percent and that 66 percent of such packages have deprecated all their releases, preventing client packages to migrate from a deprecated to a replacement release. Also, 31 percent of the partially deprecated packages do not have any replacement release. In addition, we investigate the content of the deprecation messages and identify five rationales behind the deprecation of releases, namely: withdrawal, supersession, defect, test, and incompatibility. In our second RQ, we examine how client packages adopt deprecated releases. We found that, at the time of our data collection, 27 percent of all client packages directly adopt at least one deprecated release and that 54 percent of all client packages transitively adopt at least one deprecated release. The direct adoption of deprecated releases is highly skewed, with the top 40 popular deprecated releases accounting for more than half of all deprecated releases adoption. As a discussion that derives from our findings, we highlight the rudimentary aspect of the deprecation mechanism employed by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\sf npm}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">npm</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="cogo-ieq3-3055123.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and recommend a set of improvements to this mechanism. These recommendations aim at supporting client packages in detecting deprecated releases, understanding their impact, and coping with them.
Antifungal Activity of Bacterial Isolates from Straw Mushroom Cultivation Medium against Phytopathogenic Fungi

Several bacteria were isolated from straw mushroom ( Volvariella volvacea ) cultivation medium. There are three potential isolates previously characterized and has growth inhibition effect against V. volvacea . This screening result lead to the further study about the inhibition activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The aim of this research is to investigate the antifungal activity of three bacterial isolates against three phytopathogenic fungi and identification of the bacteria. The method used in this study are antifungal assay using co-culture method and disk difussion assay using the filtrate of each bacteria. The profile of antifungal compound was identified using ethyl acetate extract followed by evaporation and gas chromatography (GC-MS) analysis. Identification of each isolates was performed using 16S rDNA amplification and sequencing. Three phytopathogenic fungi i.e Cercospora lactucae (InaCC F168), Colletotrichum gloeosporides (InaCC F304) and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (F817) were co-cultured with bacterial isolates C2.2, C3.8, and D3.3. The C3.8 isolate has highest average inhibition activity either using isolate and filtrate. The result relatively consistent against three phytopathogenic fungi. The metabolite profile of C3.8 isolate showed the Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as the main compound with 97% similarity. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has potential effect as antibacterial and antifungal compound. According to EzBioCloud and GeneBank databases, the C2.2 isolate identified as Bacillus tequilensis , C3.8 as Bacillus siamensis and D3.3 as Bacillus subtilis subsp. Subtilis . This study also shows the potential of Bacillus siamensis C3.8 as biocontrol against phytopathogenic fungi.
Long Distance Marriage Couple Communication Pattern during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, made the government take steps to reduce the spread of the virus by making health protocols, restricting activities outsides the home, and the travel ban. This impact is strongly felt by long distance marriage (LDM) couples. LDM couples are committed by husband and wife who do not live together because of work demands. The communication is long distance using the media. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze patterns of family communication in LDM couples during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used is a case study, selection of research informants using purposive sampling techniques and data collection with in-depth interviews. Family communication patterns are formed from factors that influence, form of communication and quality of communication. When the Covid-19 pandemic intensity of family communication in LDM couples increased using media such as telephone, chat and video calls.
The molecular etiology and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common form of secondary osteoporosis, accounting for 20% of osteoporosis diagnoses. Using glucocorticoids for >6 months leads to osteoporosis in 50% of patients, resulting in an increased risk of fracture and death. Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts work together to maintain bone homeostasis. When bone formation and resorption are out of balance, abnormalities in bone structure or function may occur. Excess glucocorticoids disrupt the bone homeostasis by promoting osteoclast formation and prolonging osteoclasts' lifespan, leading to an increase in bone resorption. On the other hand, glucocorticoids inhibit osteoblasts' formation and facilitate apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes, resulting in a reduction of bone formation. Several signaling pathways, signaling modulators, endocrines, and cytokines are involved in the molecular etiology of GIOP. Clinically, adults ≥40 years of age using glucocorticoids chronically with a high fracture risk are considered to have medical intervention. In addition to vitamin D and calcium tablet supplementations, the major therapeutic options approved for GIOP treatment include antiresorption drug bisphosphonates, parathyroid hormone N-terminal fragment teriparatide, and the monoclonal antibody denosumab. The selective estrogen receptor modulator can only be used under specific condition for postmenopausal women who have GIOP but fail to the regular GIOP treatment or have specific therapeutic contraindications. In this review, we focus on the molecular etiology of GIOP and the molecular pharmacology of the therapeutic drugs used for GIOP treatment.
Introductory guide to making Planar S-parameter measurements at millimetre-wave frequencies

This Introductory Guide aims to provide guidance to end users on implementing straightforward methods to perform reliable on-wafer calibration and measurement at millimetre-wave frequencies. High frequency on-wafer measurement is challenging and remains an active area of research. This guide will briefly review key considerations affecting the accuracy of measurement and these include experimental setup, choice of calibration methods, testing environment, crosstalk/isolation between probes, measurement verification, and design considerations for TRL calibration kits.
Investigating the Potential of Flexible and Pre-Organized Tetraamide Ligands to Encapsulate Anions in One-Dimensional Coordination Polymers: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Studies and Crystal Structures

The synthesis of amide-based molecules, possessing pre-organized structures, has received significant attention due to their potential applications as molecular receptors and as components of nanomaterials. In this study, four extended tetraamide ligands incorporating ethylene and propylene spacers, namely 1,2-bis[N,N′-6-(3-pyridylmethylamido)pyridyl-2-carboxyamido]ethane (L1), 1,2-bis[N,N′-6-(4-pyridylmethylamido)pyridyl-2-carboxyamido]ethane (L2), 1,2-bis[N,N′-6-(3-pyridylmethylamido)pyridyl-2-carboxyamido]propane (L3) and 1,2-bis[N,N′-6-(4-pyridylmethylamido)pyridyl-2-carboxyamido]propane (L4), were successfully synthesized. Further, reaction of L2 and L4, incorporating pendant 4-pyridyl donors as the metal coordinating sites, with cadmium salts, produced two close-packed one-dimensional coordination polymers, {[Cd3(L2)4(H2O)10](NO3)6·12H2O·CH3OH}n and {[Cd(SO4)(L4)(H2O)2]·4H2O·CH3OH}n. X-ray crystallography reveals that the flexible tetraamide ligands fold upon themselves in the coordination polymer structure. As a consequence, the anion pocket in {[Cd(SO4)(L4)(H2O)2]·4H2O·CH3OH}n incorporating the ligand with the propylene spacer was blocked from encapsulating charge-balancing anions, which were involved in bridging the di-cadmium units. Interestingly, a strong interaction between the 2,6-pyridine dicarboxamide moiety with the nitrate anions was found in {[Cd3(L2)4(H2O)10](NO3)6·12H2O·CH3OH}n, showing potential for materials made from these ligands to serve as anion receptors.
RAP: A Light-Weight Privacy-Preserving Framework for Recommender Systems

In today's Internet, recommender systems play an indispensable role in helping users discover items of interests, such as products, books, movies and so on. However, a higher recommendation accuracy is commonly at the cost of more disclosure of user privacy. Thus, a wider adoption of recommender systems poses significant security and privacy concerns to users. In this article, we propose a light-weight privacy-preserving framework called RAP for recommender systems, which can protect user privacy while still ensuring a high recommendation accuracy. Instead of directly sending users’ private ratings to the recommender, users first conduct a local perturbation operation on private ratings, and then send the perturbed ratings to the recommender. The recommender can run recommendation algorithms directly over the perturbed ratings and return the results to users. Different from crypto-based methods, our perturbation and de-perturbation methods are linear operations. Thus, RAP is light-weight and highly efficient in privacy protection. To be more rigorous, we formally prove that the order of recommendation accuracy will not decrease when our RAP framework is applied to any MF (Matrix Factorization)-based recommender systems. We also derive the closed-form expression for the degree of privacy preservation of our framework. Finally, we conduct extensive evaluations using large-scale real-world datasets to verify the effectiveness of our RAP framework and compare with other baseline algorithms. The results show that our RAP framework can improve the degree of privacy preservation from zero to over 0.5 for the Movielens dataset and 4 for the Jester dataset, and still maintain the approaching level of recommendation accuracy.
Discrete mixture representations of parametric distribution families: Geometry and statistics

We investigate existence and properties of discrete mixture representations $P_{\theta }=\sum _{i\in E}w_{\theta }(i)\,Q_{i}$ for a given family $P_{\theta }$, $\theta \in \Theta $, of probability measures. The noncentral chi-squared distributions provide a classical example. We obtain existence results and results about geometric and statistical aspects of the problem, the latter including loss of Fisher information, Rao-Blackwellization, asymptotic efficiency and nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation of the mixing probabilities.
Methodology for irrigation water uptake time estimation based on RGB colorimetric measurements of leaves (A visual-graphical observation)

In the form of a sequence of actions, in a laboratory set of experiments, a methodology for measuring the absorption time of the irrigation water from greenhouse tomato plants is proposed. Based on pure scientific observation, before the actual measurements and during the experiment, a hypothesis is put forward, that in the experiment’s particular environmental conditions and this tomato variety, the water moves to the top of a plant for 1 to 2 hour (there is lack of information and measurements in this matter). Based on the same pure scientific observation was found, that the drier leaves darken and after the watering, they become lighter-green, which was later proven by the colorimetric measurements. It was also observed noticeable fading of leaf veins by watered plants, they become brighter, more protruding and are enlarged. After the experiment, it has been proven that water uptake time is 1 hour per 1-meter high plant and 1:30 hours water to be absorbed to the top of 1,60-meter high plant in described laboratory conditions. This is proven by leaves color lightening and the noticeably protruding of leaves veins.
Estimation of Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes Using Surface Renewal Method: Case Study of a Tea Plantation

An experiment of sensible and latent heat flux measurement was conducted in a tea plantation near the Yangtze River within Danyang of Jiangsu Province, China. High-frequency (~10 Hz) air temperature measurement with fine-wire thermocouples (⌀ = 50 μm) was used for the estimation of sensible heat flux (H), and latent heat flux (LE) was extracted as a residual of the energy balance equation using additional measurements of net radiation (Rn) and soil heat flux (G). Results were compared against the eddy covariance (EC) system under unstable conditions only, and days with high precipitation were excluded from further analysis. Half-hourly datasets of the sensible heat flux estimated using the surface renewal method (SR) (HSR) and measured by the EC system (HEC) were analyzed. Results showed good agreement with R2 = 0.80, root mean square error (RMSE) = 27.87 W m−2, relative error (RE) = 9.02%, and a regression slope of 0.68—this slope was used for the calibration of the uncalibrated HSR estimated by SR. On the other hand, the half-hourly dataset of LESR was regressed against EC, and it showed good agreement with relatively high R2 = 0.93, RMSE = 32.99 W·m−2, and RE = 5.67%. Hence, the SR method may estimate the surface fluxes at a relatively low cost, ultimately improving calculations of evapotranspiration. Thus, the SR method could provide an economical tool for improving crop water management of tea plantations.
Which Type of M&A Makes an Acquiring Restaurant Firm a Star? Profit-Driven Versus Growth-Driven M&A

This study identifies whether profit-driven or growth-driven mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are more beneficial to a restaurant firm aiming to achieve profitable growth after an M&A. The results indicate that despite the challenges that must be overcome to achieve profitable growth through M&As, profit-driven acquiring firms are more likely to have better post-M&A operational performance than growth-driven acquiring firms. Therefore, this study suggests that when restaurant firms seek to grow their business through M&As, they should pursue this goal after achieving higher operational profitability, along with better cost controls, supply management, and marketing strategies, rather than optimistically adhering to growth strategies before accumulating any internal, market-based competitive strengths.