Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nursing Perspectives on the Impacts of COVID-19

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 (Chen, Zhou, et al., 2020; Wang, Hu, et al., 2020). It has since spread rapidly across China, Asia, the Middle East, Europe, North America, and other parts of the world (https://www. worldometers.info/coronavirus/). There have been 3,579,479 confirmed cases and 248,445 confirmed deaths globally (latest update: May 4, 2020, Central European Time 10:00, World HealthOrganization). COVID-19was declared a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020 (World Health Organization, 2020) and is now a pandemic.
Expression of αB‐crystallin in a mouse model of inherited retinal degeneration

αB-CRYSTALLIN, which is abundantly expressed in the lens but also in a diversity of other tissues, functions as a stress-inducible molecular chaperone and is increased in brain neurodegenerative diseases. We compared retinal αB-crystallin expression in a model of inherited retinal degeneration, th e rd mouse, and controls. Northern and in sit u hybridization analysis showe αB-crystallin mRNA to have an altered spatio-temporal pattern with increased levels localized to glial cells in the degenerative state. Immunocytochemistry confirmed increased expression at Müller cells and astrocytes, together with transiently increased localization to the degenerating photoreceptors. These findings suggest that increase dαB-crystallin expression is associated with glial cell reaction to neuronal damage in the retina, and may comprise part of the retina's overall defensive response to the stress of apoptotic photoreceptor cell death.
Calculation of the Dose-rate Dependence of the Dicentric Yield after Co γ-irradiation of Human Lymphocytes

SummaryThe dose relation for dicentrics after in vitro Co γ-irradiation of human lymphocytes with dose rates of 50 and 1·7 rad/min fit the linear-quadratic function y = αD + βD2. Compared with 50 rad/min, after 1·7 rad/min αD was unchanged, whereas βD2 was decreased by 36 per cent. By applying the mean interaction time t˜ ≈ 110 min for primary breaks, determined in an earlier experiment, and Lea's G-function, a theoretical dose relation for 1·7 rad/min can be calculated from the dose relation of the higher dose rate. This theoretical function is not significantly different from the corresponding experimental curve. Thus, from calibration curves with conventional dose rates dose–effect curves for low dose rates can be derived without the need for time-consuming chromosome analyses.
Parameterization of Boronates Using VFFDT and Paramfit for Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Boric acid, borate esters, and hydroxy derivatives are biologically active molecules. Thus, performing molecular dynamics simulations of these molecules is vital in terms of drug design, but it is difficult to find directly generated Amber parameters based on an ab initio method for these kinds of molecules in the literature. In this study, Amber parameters for such molecules containing boron were generated based on ab initio calculations using the paramfit program, which applies a combination of genetic and simplex algorithms, and the Visual Force Field Derivation Toolkit (VFFDT) program containing the Seminario method. The minimized structure, after obtaining novel parameters and using the sander program, was compared with the experimental crystallographic structures, and it was observed that the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) value between the experimental structure and minimized structure agreed reasonably well. In addition, the molecule was heated, and the molecular dynamics simulation was successfully obtained with the novel parameters.
Identifying Invalid Responders in a Campus Climate Survey: Types, Impact on Data, and Best Indicators

Self-report surveys that are online, lengthy, and contain sensitive material greatly increase the probability of invalid responding (IR) on the instrument. Most research to inform our identification of invalid responders have not been able to test their methodologies where all these conditions are present. This study systematically adopted 10 IR indicators based on direct, archival, and statistic strategies to identify IR providing answers on a lengthy survey collecting campus climate/violence information that college students (N = 6,995) accessed online. Exploratory factor analysis indicated two internal factors (i.e., careless and extreme responding) underlying these IR indicators. Latent class analysis identified 4.8% of the sample as being invalid responders. Compared with honest responders, invalid responders were significantly more likely to report forms of victimization and a greater negative impact from physical abuse or sexual assault. Of importance, mean scores on victimization scales were significantly higher for invalid responders, illustrating the potential for IR data to skew prevalence rates. IR indicators differentially identified honest and invalid responders. The findings of this study contribute to the systematic investigation of IR with college students completing online and lengthy surveys that address sensitive material.
An ecological study of a temporary pond near Auckland, New Zealand

Over the period of 2 yr, investigations were carried out on a temporary pond having an average life of 6 months. Physicochemical conditions, including diurnal variations, were noted, as well as seasonal variations in the fauna. The ability of the animals present to withstand the period without water is discussed, and finally a comparison made between temporary and permanent habitats, using the pond under study together with six other local ponds.
Mating Behavior of Hyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera: Cixiidae)

ABSTRACT The mating behavior of Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret (Hemiptera: Cixiidae) was studied to determine the role of substrate-borne vibrational signals in partner recognition, pair formation, and courtship. Planthopper vibrational signals were detected from nettle, Urtica dioica L. , cuttings by laser vibrometer. Either male or female could initiate the mating sequence that was divided into three sections: recognition, courtship and precopula. The females were the more vibrationally active gender in the recognition stage and males in the courtship and precopula stages. Four distinct syllables constituted the male repertoire and were emitted in different behavioral contexts. The male syllable 1 was used during the recognition duet, as a reply to female pulse trains and it formed, in combination with male syllable 4, the male precopula signal. This latter signal was emitted in the vicinity of a receptive female and accompanied by jerky lateral movements of the body and tapping of the legs to the substrate. Although nonduetting males emitted long trains composed of male syllable 2, males during the courtship phase emitted trains formed mainly by male syllable 3. Female vibrational signals consisted of pulses, emitted either in trains during the recognition phase or as single pulses, in reply to male trains in the courtship stage. In the precopula phase, the females ceased signaling. According to our results, in H. obsoletus the vibrational signals play a major role in stimulating the male search process and in ensuring the female acceptance.
Event-Related Potentials (ERP) Indices of Motivation during the Effort Expenditure for Reward Task

Dynamic and temporal facets of the various constructs that comprise motivation remain to be explored. Here, we adapted the Effort Expenditure for Reward Task, a well-known laboratory task used to evaluate motivation, to study the event-related potentials associated with reward processing. The Stimulus Preceding Negativity (SPN) and the P300 were utilized as motivation indicators with high density electroencephalography. The SPN was found to be more negative for difficult choices compared to easy choices, suggesting a greater level of motivation, at a neurophysiological level. The insula, a structure previously associated with both effort discounting and prediction error, was concomitantly activated during the generation of the SPN. Processing a gain significantly altered the amplitude of the P300 compared to an absence of gain, particularly on centroparietal electrodes. One of the generators of the P300 was located on the vmPFC, a cerebral structure involved in the choice between two positive results and their predictions, during loss processing. Both the SPN and the P300 appear to be reliable neural markers of motivation. We postulate that the SPN represents the strength of the motivational level, while the P300 represents the impact of motivation on updating memories of the feedback.
Differentially-Charged Liposomes Interact with Alphaherpesviruses and Interfere with Virus Entry

Exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane is induced by infection with several members of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. There is evidence that PS is used by the equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) during entry, but the exact role of PS and other phospholipids in the entry process remains unknown. Here, we investigated the interaction of differently charged phospholipids with virus particles and determined their influence on infection. Our data show that liposomes containing negatively charged PS or positively charged DOTAP (N-[1-(2,3-Dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium) inhibited EHV-1 infection, while neutral phosphatidylcholine (PC) had no effect. Inhibition of infection with PS was transient, decreased with time, and was dose dependent. Our findings indicate that both cationic and anionic phospholipids can interact with the virus and reduce infectivity, while, presumably, acting through different mechanisms. Charged phospholipids were found to have antiviral effects and may be used to inhibit EHV-1 infection.
Childhood Emotional Abuse and Depression Among Adolescents: Roles of Deviant Peer Affiliation and Gender

Adolescent depression is a significant concern around the world. There is a pressing need to explore risk factors for this disorder to develop better interventions. Based on an integration of attachment theory, Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, and relational theory, the current study aimed to examine (a) whether childhood emotional abuse (CEA) would be significantly and positively related to adolescents’ depression, (b) whether deviant peer affiliation would mediate the relation between CEA and depression, and (c) whether gender would moderate the direct and indirect relations between CEA and adolescent’s depression via deviant peer affiliation. Participants were 961 Chinese adolescents (M age = 15.21 years, SD = 1.57). They completed questionnaires regarding demographics, CEA, other types of childhood maltreatment (i.e., physical abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect), deviant peer affiliation, and depression. Results showed that CEA was positively related to adolescent depression even after controlling for other types of childhood maltreatment, and this relation was mediated by deviant peer affiliation. Furthermore, moderated mediation analyses indicated that gender moderated the relation between CEA and deviant peer affiliation, with the relation being stronger for girls than for boys. However, gender did not moderate the relation between deviant peer affiliation and depression, as well as the direct relation between CEA and depression. Results highlight that interventions aimed at reducing CEA may protect adolescents, especially girls from the risks of deviant peer affiliation and depression.
Hydrolyzed Chicken Extract (ProBeptigen®) on Cognitive Function in Healthy Middle-Aged People: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial

Cognitive decline is an important issue of global public health. Cognitive aging might begin at middle adulthood, the period particularly vulnerable to stress in lifespan. Essence of chicken (EOC) has consistently demonstrated its beneficial effects on various cognitive domains as nutritional supplementation. This study primarily aimed to examine the cognitive enhancement effects of ProBeptigen® (previously named CMI-168), hydrolyzed peptides extracted from EOC, in healthy middle-aged people under mild stress. Ninety healthy subjects were randomly assigned into the ProBeptigen® or placebo group for eight weeks. Neurocognitive assessment, event-related potentials (ERPs), and blood tests were conducted before, during, and after the treatment. The ProBeptigen® group outperformed placebo group on Logical Memory subtests of Wechsler Memory Scale-third edition (WMS-III) and Spatial Working Memory task in the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). The anti-inflammatory effects of ProBeptigen® in humans were also confirmed, with progressively declining high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. Regular dietary supplementation of ProBeptigen® is suggested to improve verbal short- and long-term memory as well as spatial working memory, and reduce inflammation in middle-aged healthy individuals with stress. The effects of ProBeptigen® on cognition warrant further investigation. (NCT03612752)
Effectiveness of Culturally Tailored Interventions for Chronic Illnesses among Ethnic Minorities

Culturally tailored interventions have been applied to provide benefits to ethnic minorities’ care; however, the effectiveness of these interventions for chronic conditions is mixed. This systematic review of systematic reviews critically evaluates recent evidence of the effects that culturally tailored interventions have on health care outcomes among ethnic minorities with chronic conditions. It synthesizes results of eight English-language systematic reviews published between 2010 and 2018 and identifies four health care outcomes common to the reviews: disease knowledge, objective clinical outcomes, satisfaction, and access. Our findings suggest that culturally tailored interventions can contribute to the improvement of ethnic minorities’ health care outcomes and especially improve patients’ satisfaction with care. However, results overall are mixed. Further studies to better understand the value of culturally tailored interventions for ethnic minorities’ care are needed.
Structure-activity relationship of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin: Role of Ala residue at position 14 in toxin-receptor interaction.

A heat-stable enterotoxin (STh) produced by a human strain of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli consists of 19 amino residues including 6 half-cystine residues. Analogs of STh from positions 6 to 19 with replacements of the Ala residue at position 14 by other amino acid residues were synthesized by a solid-phase method and examined by biological and biochemical methods. This Ala residue was demonstrated to be very important for expression of the toxicity of STh and for interaction of the toxin with its receptor protein(s).
A proposed role for glucocorticoids in mediating dopamine-dependent cue-reward learning

Abstract Learning to respond appropriately to one’s surrounding environment is fundamental to survival. Importantly, however, individuals vary in how they respond to cues in the environment and this variation may be a key determinant of psychopathology. The ability of seemingly neutral cues to promote maladaptive behavior is a hallmark of several psychiatric disorders including, substance use disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Thus, it is important to uncover the neural mechanisms by which such cues are able to attain inordinate control and promote psychopathological behavior. Here, we suggest that glucocorticoids play a critical role in this process. Glucocorticoids are primarily recognized as the main hormone secreted in response to stress but are known to exert their effects across the body and the brain, and to affect learning and memory, cognition and reward-related behaviors, among other things. Here we speculate that glucocorticoids act to facilitate a dopamine-dependent form of cue-reward learning that appears to be relevant to a number of psychiatric conditions. Specifically, we propose to utilize the sign-tracker/goal-tracker animal model as a means to capture individual variation in stimulus-reward learning and to isolate the role of glucocorticoid-dopamine interactions in mediating these individual differences. It is hoped that this framework will lead to the discovery of novel mechanisms that contribute to complex neuropsychiatric disorders and their comorbidity.
Substâncias ergásticas foliares de espécies amazônicas de Oenocarpus Mart. (Arecaceae): caracterização histoquímica e ultra-estrutural

The purpose of this study was to diagnose and characterize the leaf ergastic substance of Oenocarpus bacaba Mart. , O. distichus Mart. , O. mapora H. Karst. and O. minor Mart. by light and scanning electron microscopy, histochemical analyses and physical microanalyses. Transverse and longitudinal sections as well as maceration were made in fixed botanical material. The histochemical analyses were made in non-fixed botanical material, using specific tests for mucilage, starch and silica. An Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) detector was used for the physical microanalyses. In the Oenocarpus Mart. species studied, the leaf ergastic substances corresponded to amorphous mucilage, simple-type polyhedrical starch grain and opaline silica in the shape of elliptical and spherical, globular of pointed surface bodies, both with silicon dioxide in the correct concentration. The microscopic observations, histochemical analyses and physical microanalyses permitted us to diagnose, characterize and elucidate the structure and ultrastructure of the ergastic substances occurring in the leaves of the analyzed Oenocarpus Mart. taxa.
Barley, Canola, and Weed Growth with Decreasing Tillage in a Cold, Semiarid Climate

Conventional tillage systems are reported to cause soil degradation, get appropriate conservation tillage practices have not been developed for cold regions of the northern Canadian Prairies. Effects of conventional, reduced, and zero tillage systems (CT, RT, and ZT) on the growth of dryland spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), canola (Brassica campestris L.), and weeds were studied on a clay soil (Natriboralf) near Rycroft in northern Alberta. Each crop-tillage combination was fixed in space from 1989 through 1991. Each season, the CT plots were tilled once in the preceding fall and twice in the spring prior to seeding; the RT plots were tilled once prior to seeding in the spring; the ZT plots received a preseeding glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] application in the spring. Crop residue in ZT was spread evenly by harrowing in the spring just prior to seeding. The 1991 available NO 3 -N, NH 4 -N, and P in soil or total plant N and P were unaffected by tillage, except that NO 3 -N was lower under ZT canola. No consistent effect of tillage was detected on total soil moisture, except for lower moisture in the 0- to 10-cm depth under CT in dry periods. As the study progressed, there was a trend of increased weed population response to tillage, relatively greater weed density under ZT, and a shift in species composition. Mean barley total dry matter (TDM) yield was 3.37, 3.09, and 2.93 Mg ha -1 and grain yield was 1.59, 1.41, and 1.35 Mg ha -1 under RT, ZT, and CT, respectively. Mean canola TDM yield was 2.92, 2.36, and 2.12 Mg ha -1 and grain yield was 0.84, 0.66, and 0.59 Mg ha -1 , under RT, CT, and ZT, respectively. In most cases, however, tillage effects on mean crop yields were nonsignificant (P≤0.05). Overall, RT was considered to be agronomically and environmentally desirable, due to somewhat better crop yield than either CT or ZT systems and two fewer cultivations than CT
Comparison of the heterochromatin and telomeric sequences distribuition in chromosomes of 11 species of Amazonian marsupials (Didelphimorphia; Didelphidae)

Abstract In recent decades the diploid numbers recorded in the New World marsupials have been widely discussed in the context of the processes of karyotype evolution in these mammals. While Interstitial Telomeric Sequences (ITS) have long been interpreted as remnants of chromosomal fusion, the biological role of these features, together with their intraspecific variation, has raised a number of questions. In the present study, we analyzed the karyotype of 11 species of Amazonian didelphids, comparing the distribution of the heterochromatin with that of the telomeric signals, and found that, in six species, the ITS coincided with the blocks of heterochromatin. While ITS were found in the X chromosomes of all Marmosa murina individuals, they were variable in all the other species, representing a specific character of each lineage. Our results support the conclusion that ITS may not always be a consequence of chromosomal rearrangements, and that the mechanisms that produce them are still unclear.
Functional Characterisation of the Autophagy ATG12~5/16 Complex in Dictyostelium discoideum

Macroautophagy, a highly conserved and complex intracellular degradative pathway, involves more than 20 core autophagy (ATG) proteins, among them the hexameric ATG12~5/16 complex, which is part of the essential ubiquitin-like conjugation systems in autophagy. Dictyostelium discoideum atg5 single, atg5/12 double, and atg5/12/16 triple gene knock-out mutant strains displayed similar defects in the conjugation of ATG8 to phosphatidylethanolamine, development, and cell viability upon nitrogen starvation. This implies that ATG5, 12 and 16 act as a functional unit in canonical autophagy. Macropinocytosis of TRITC dextran and phagocytosis of yeast were significantly decreased in ATG5¯ and ATG5¯/12¯ and even further in ATG5¯/12¯/16¯ cells. In contrast, plaque growth on Klebsiella aerogenes was about twice as fast for ATG5¯ and ATG5¯/12¯/16¯ cells in comparison to AX2, but strongly decreased for ATG5¯/12¯ cells. Along this line, phagocytic uptake of Escherichia coli was significantly reduced in ATG5¯/12¯ cells, while no difference in uptake, but a strong increase in membrane association of E. coli, was seen for ATG5¯ and ATG5¯/12¯/16¯ cells. Proteasomal activity was also disturbed in a complex fashion, consistent with an inhibitory activity of ATG16 in the absence of ATG5 and/or ATG12. Our results confirm the essential function of the ATG12~5/16 complex in canonical autophagy, and furthermore are consistent with autophagy-independent functions of the complex and its individual components. They also strongly support the placement of autophagy upstream of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), as a fully functional UPS depends on autophagy.
Experimental Effects of Viewing Thin and Plus-Size Models in Objectifying and Empowering Contexts on Instagram

ABSTRACT To counter the negative effects of viewing unrealistically thin and attractive models in beauty and fashion advertisements, some companies depict women with larger bodies in their advertisement campaigns. Previous experimental evidence suggests women may feel more satisfied with their own bodies immediately after viewing advertisements featuring these models. The current study aimed to extend these findings by examining the moderating role of trait body discrepancies and the presence of objectifying advertising slogans in advertisements. A sample of 202 undergraduate students who identified as female viewed advertisements depicted on Instagram that varied in the model’s body size (thin or plus-size) and slogan type (objectifying or empowering). Body satisfaction and actual-ideal body discrepancy were measured. As expected, the body size of the model significantly improved women’s body satisfaction and this effect was moderated by participants’ actual-ideal body discrepancy. No effects for objectifying slogans (versus empowering slogans) featured in the advertisements were discovered. The implications for these findings are discussed.