Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 10,000 Fold Effect Retrograde Neurotransmission: A Newer Concept for Paraplegia’s Physiological Revival by the Use of Intrathecal Sodium Nitroprusside

BACKGROUND: Methylprednisolone-level-1-benefit (20%) in paraplegia (8hrs). Patient’s wait-long-duration for physiological-recovery. Intrathecal-Sodium-Nitroprusside (ITSNP) has been used-in vasospasm-due-to-subarachnoid-hemorrhage. ITSNP-has been studied-here for wide-window-period-range for-treatment, fast-recovery/affordability. 2-mechanisms for acutecases-and 1-mechanism-for chronic-cases, which-are-interrelated, are being-proposed-forphysiological-recovery. A) RETROGRADE-NEUROTRANSMISSION: (acute-cases). 1) Normalexcitatory-impulse: At synaptic-level, glutamate-activates NMDA-receptors, having-Nitric-OxideSynthetase (NOS) on-postsynaptic-membrane, for-further propagation-by-calcium-calmodulincomplex. NITRIC-OXIDE (NO-produced-by-NOS) travels-backward-across-chemical-synapse, bindingto-axon-terminal (NO-receptor/sGC) of-a-presynaptic-neuron, regulating-AnterogradeNeurotransmission (ANT) called-Retrograde-Neurotransmission (RNT). The-haem-is-the-ligandbinding-site-of-NO-receptor/sGC. The-affinity-of-haem-exhibits 10, 000-fold-excess-for-NO-thanOxygen (THE=10, 000-FOLD-EFFECT) completes-in-20msec. 2) Pathological-conditions: NormalANT, synaptic-activity including-RNT is-absent. NO-donor (SNP) release NO from NOS at postsynaptic-region.NO-travels-backward across a chemical-synapse to bind to the haem of NOreceptor at axon-terminal of a presynaptic-neuron, generates-impulse, as in normal-condition. B) VASOSPASM: (acute-cases) c) Perforators-show vasospastic-activity. NO-vasodilates the-perforators by NO-Camp-pathway. D) LONG-TERM-POTENTIATION-(LTP): (chronic-cases) NO–cGMP-pathwayplays-a-role-in-LTP-at-many-synapses-throughout-the-CNS, and-at-neuromuscular-junction. TheLTP-has-been-reviewed both-generally and with-respect to specific-brain regions for memory/learning. AIMS/STUDY-DESIGN: Principle-of “generation-of-impulses from presynapticregion to postsynaptic-region by-RNT, vasodilatation of arteriolar-perforators and LTP is the basisof-authors’ hypothesis to treat-acute-and-chronic-paraplegia-cases. Case-control-prospective-study. MATERIAL/METHODS: 82 paraplegia-patients (10patients taken as control-no super fusion or dextrose5% superfusion and 72patients as ITSNP-group). The mean time for super fusion was 14.11 days. ITSNP administered at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg bo wt. Pre/post ITSNP monitored by SSEP/MEP. RESULTS: AFTER-2-HOURS in ITSNP-group MEAN-CHANGE-FROM-BASELINE-ASIA MOTOR/SENSORY-SCORE 13.84%/13.10%, after-24-hours MOTOR-1.27-points decrease(3.77%) and SENSORY 10.5points-increase(6.22%)as compared to Control-group no-change noted upto 24-hours, At-7days ITSNP motor/sensory;11.56%/6.22% as compared to Control-group 7.60/4.48%, At-2months in ITSNP 27.69%/6.22% as compared to Control-group 16.02/4.5%. SSEP/MEPdocumented-improvements-noted. CONCLUSIONS: ITSNP, a-swift-acting-drug in treatment-ofparaplegia, is effective within-two-hours (mean-change-MOTOR-13.84%andSENSORY-13.10%) onDOI: 10.14260/jemds/2014/2891
Atezolizumab (atezo) in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC): A 2-year clinical update from a phase Ia study.

290Background: Atezo (anti–PD-L1) has demonstrated safety and efficacy in a broad range of cancers and is approved in the United States for mUC previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Here we report long-term results in mUC from Phase Ia study NCT01375842 (PCD4989g). Methods: Previously treated mUC patients received atezo 15 mg/kg or 1200 mg IV q3w. Enrollment in this Phase Ia expansion cohort initially required PD-L1–selected status and later opened to patients regardless of PD-L1 expression on tumor-infiltrating immune cells. The primary endpoint was safety/tolerability. Secondary endpoints included investigator-assessed RECIST v1.1 ORR (confirmed), DOR and OS. Results: 95 patients were safety evaluable (Table). Median age was 66 years, 76% were male and 80% had primary bladder tumors. 61% had ECOG PS 1. 52% received ≥ 3 prior systemic therapies for mUC (70% platinum). Median treatment duration was 3 months (range: 0-32 months); 24% were treated for ≥ 1 year. Treatment-related AEs occurred .
Examining the effect of mindfulness on well-being: self-connection as a mediator

The current research sought to better understand the effect of mindfulness on well-being by examining self-connection as a potential mediator. We define self-connection as: (1) an awareness of oneself, (2) an acceptance of oneself based on this awareness, and (3) an alignment of one’s behavior with this awareness. Based on this definition, we measured self-connection, mindfulness and well-being using two distinct samples and two different operationalizations of well-being. In Study 1, we recruited 101 people from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and asked them about their connection to themselves, mindfulness and flourishing. In Study 2, we surveyed an additional 104 people from MTurk, again measuring mindfulness and self-connection. However, this time we operationalized well-being as satisfaction with life. As expected, mindfulness predicted self-connection and well-being in both studies. Self-connection also predicted well-being and partially mediated the relationship between mindfulness and well-being. These results suggest that mindfulness bolsters self-connection, which in turn increases people’s well-being.
Exploring the Influence of BC-ADM Certification on Advanced Practice Nurses’ Clinical Practice and Knowledge of Cognitive Dysfunction in Geriatric Diabetes Care

To meet the healthcare demands of an aging population one strategy is the use of advanced practice nurses (APN) in primary care (Buerhaus, DesRoches, Dittus, & Donelan, 2015). Diabetes affects 26.9% of people aged 65 and older in the United States. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is often unrecognized in this population (Munshi, Hayes, Iwata, Lee &Weinger, 2012). Information on APN knowledge of this comorbidity or practice characteristics regarding cognitive function assessment is limited. This capstone project sought to increase understanding of APN practice and knowledge of MCI, comparing APNs board certified in advanced diabetes management (BC-ADM) to those without certification. An original measurement tool, created with expert consultation (Cronbach’s α =.810), was sent via a secure web-based questionnaire to a convenience sample of 743 APNs in active adult practice, who were members of the American Association of Diabetes Educators. Response rate was 29% (n=216). Measured outcomes included knowledge scores on a five-item test, and reported frequency and outcomes of cognitive function assessment. Statistical significance was demonstrated between groups for cognitive function assessment at times other than Medicare Annual Well Visits (X (2, n=181)=11.34, p=. 003, CI 95%. More APNs without BC-ADM certification completed cognitive function assessment than APNs with BC-ADM certification. Overall, knowledge level did not differ between APN groups. Correlations were found between how APNs answered questions related to executive function symptoms (t=2.71, p=< .05), situations indicating unrecognized MCI (t= 2.45, p=.016), and awareness of the ADA Clinical Practice Recommendations (t=2.034, p=.044). Further research and resource development is indicated.
Slow Drift of Neural Activity as a Signature of Impulsivity in Macaque Visual and Prefrontal Cortex

An animal’s decision depends not only on incoming sensory evidence but also on its fluctuating internal state. This internal state is a product of cognitive factors, such as fatigue, motivation, and arousal, but it is unclear how these factors influence the neural processes that encode the sensory stimulus and form a decision. We discovered that, over the timescale of tens of minutes during a perceptual decision-making task, animals slowly shifted their likelihood of reporting stimulus changes. They did this unprompted by task conditions. We recorded neural population activity from visual area V4 as well as prefrontal cortex, and found that the activity of both areas slowly drifted together with the behavioral fluctuations. We reasoned that such slow fluctuations in behavior could either be due to slow changes in how the sensory stimulus is processed or due to a process that acts independently of sensory processing. By analyzing the recorded activity in conjunction with models of perceptual decision-making, we found evidence for the slow drift in neural activity acting as an impulsivity signal, overriding sensory evidence to dictate the final decision. Overall, this work uncovers an internal state embedded in the population activity across multiple brain areas, hidden from typical trial-averaged analyses and revealed only when considering the passage of time within each experimental session. Knowledge of this cognitive factor was critical in elucidating how sensory signals and the internal state together contribute to the decision-making process.
Influence flame speed and flame thickness on completeness of combustion hythane

The article is dedicated to experimental and theoretical studies characteristics of flame propagation in combustion chamber of internal combustion engine with spark ignition and their influence on completeness combustion. It is theoretically and experimentally proved that relationship of flame propagation characteristics with completeness of combustion composite fuel is complex, non-linear, and depends on chemical composition combustible mixture and temperature in combustion chamber. It was revealed that an increase thickness near-wall unburned fuel layer, size of slots in combustion chamber and surface area of combustion chamber contribute to a reduction combustion efficiency of the fuel. It is shown that an increase rate flame propagation and a decrease thickness flame front leads to an increase completeness combustion fuel. It was revealed that proposed formula, using fundamental characteristics of flame propagation, allows calculating completeness combustion composite fuel. This indicates feasibility of using this formula at the design stage and fine-tuning low-emission and energy-efficient combustion chambers of engines and power plants.
A lightweight security scheme for advanced metering infrastructures in smart grid

Smart Grid (SG) enlarges the traditional power grid into a new dimension where millions of electronic devices relate to each other through Advanced Metering Infrastructures (AMI) network using information and communication technology (ICT). The integration of ICT to the traditional power grid opens the path for the adversaries to invade through various cyber-attacks. Resource constrained electronic devices connected in AMI with the SG claims for faster, low power, less processing time and overall lightweight security schemes to prevent the cyber-attacks and to make the grid secure from adversaries. In this paper, a lightweight security scheme has been proposed consolidating ChaCha20 data encryption method, chaos based key generation and public key-based authentication scheme. Mathematical analysis shows that the proposed scheme is suitable to be used in SGs in terms of low power, less processing time and high throughput which makes it lightweight and faster. This scheme also prevents any kind of timing attacks such as replay attack.
Escaping the Akratic Trilemma

Much of the recent literature on higher-order evidence has revolved around the following three theses. First, one’s credence in any given proposition p should rationally reflect one’s evidence e bearing on the truth of p. Second, one’s credence in any given higher-order proposition p′ (concerning the evidential relation between e and p) should rationally reflect one’s evidence e′ bearing on the truth of p′. Third, it is epistemically irrational to have a high credence in p based on e, while having a high credence that e does not support p, or that one’s processing of e is somehow faulty (The Non-Akrasia Requirement). All three theses are prima facie plausible, yet they jointly lead to inconsistencies. This is what might be called The Akratic Trilemma. This chapter assesses two recent responses to The Akratic Trilemma (Titelbaum 2015; Lasonen-Aarnio 2014), argues that both responses fail, and offers a novel way out of the Trilemma. ​Keywords
Metacognitive Skills: A Solution in Chemistry Problem Solving

One of the skills needed in the 21st century is thinking skills including metacognitive skills. Many studies showed that undergraduate students who used metacognitive skills are more successful in learning. This study aims to illustrate using metacognitive skills as a solution in chemistry problem solving and undergraduate students’ respond. The design used One Group Pre-test and Post-test Design. The subject of this study was the undergraduate students of chemistry class academic year 2019/2020 as many as 31 people. To obtain the profile data of metacognitive skills and undergraduate students’ respond through an essay test, interview, and questionnaire. Research data were analysed by quantitative descriptive. The results showed that: (1) performance of metacognitive skills of undergraduate students has high category in chemistry problem solving on each indicator. The indicators were goal setting, identify the known knowledge, determining the learning strategies, monitoring the relevance of the known knowledge with learning strategies, monitoring the goal achievement in the making conclusions, and evaluating the process and thinking outcomes, and (2) most of the undergraduate students are pleasant to join to this learning activity. Based on the results of this study, metacognitive skills can be used as a solution in chemistry problem-solving.
Exercise Prescription Considerations for Individuals with Multiple Chronic Diseases: Systematic Review

Background: Although the benefits of exercise are well-known, guidelines often target the general public or individuals living with single pathologies. Currently, there is no systematic exercise prescription approach for individuals with multiple chronic diseases. Objective: To determine overlapping physiological and subjective markers for use by clinicians to define safe exercise for individuals with multiple chronic diseases. Methods: Eight databases were used to complete a comprehensive systematic review. Thirty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), coronary artery disease (CAD) and type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Four reviewers extracted all qualitative and quantitative data. Results: Findings show that: 1) aerobic and resistance training done 2-3 times per week is beneficial for individuals with chronic diseases, and 2) overlapping ranges of physiological and subjective markers can be used to determine safe exercise prescription. Exercise for the chronic diseases searched is safe with overlapping markers including: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Borg scale, VO2Max, and heart rate. Each disease state did have unique markers that must be monitored to ensure safety during exercise. Specifically, with COPD SpO2 should be kept above 90%, for CAD exercise heart rate should be kept 10 bpm below causing angina symptoms, and for diabetes blood glucose should be kept between 100-300 mg/dl. Conclusion: This review shows initial evidence for a multi-system approach to exercise prescription, which suggests screening key physiological markers from various body systems in order to safely prescribe exercise to individuals with multiple chronic diseases.
Primary results of a phase III trial to evaluate bursectomy for patients with subserosal/serosal gastric cancer (JCOG1001).

5Background: The role of bursectomy dissecting the peritoneal lining covering the pancreas and the anterior plane of the transverse mesocolon for preventing peritoneal metastasis had long been controversial. We conducted a phase III trial evaluating the role of bursectomy in patients with subserosal (SS) / serosal (SE) gastric cancer. Patient accrual had been completed on Mar. 2015. Methods: Eligibility criteria included histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the stomach; cT3(SS) or cT4a(SE). Patients were intraoperatively randomized to non-bursectomy arm or bursectomy arm. Primary endpoint was overall survival. A total of 1,200 patients were required to detect a hazard ratio of 0.77 with a one-sided alpha of 5% and 80% power. Results: Between Jun 2010 and Mar 2015, 1,204 patients were accrued from 57 institutions (non-bursectomy 602, bursectomy 602). Patients’ background and operative procedures were well balanced between the arms. After completion of patient enrollment, the second interim analysis was .
Is There Any Impact of VDR Gene Polymorphism in Bataks Ethnic to Have Tuberculosis

The active metabolite of vitamin D activates macrophages and results in the restriction of growth of Tuberculosis (TB) pathogen M. tuberculosis. The effect of vitamin D is achieved through binding to the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), which ultimately produces the antimicrobial peptide Cathelicidin. Matched case-control study with 76 pulmonary tuberculosis Indonesian Batak ethnic patients and 76 healthy normal control were completed. Genetic polymorphisms of VDR gene were analysed using PCR and RFLP. The genotype frequencies of ApaI were AA 10.6%, Aa 44.7%, aa 44.7% for the control group and AA 10.6%, Aa 43.4%, aa 46% for the PTB patients. For the FokI genotype the frequencies were FF 39.5%, Ff 44.7%, ff 15.8% for the control group and FF 35.5%, Ff 55.3%, ff 9.2% for the PTB patients. In these two genotypes there were no significant differences found between the control group and the PTB patients (P > 0.05). Besides, there genotypic frequencies were in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrum (P > 0.05). However, for the BsmI genotype frequencies, BB 2.6%, Bb 23.7% and bb 73.7% for the control group and BB 0%, Bb 68.4%, bb 31.6% for the PTB patients, there was a significant association found with PTB; the bb genotype is correlated with a decreased risk for PTB (OR 0.22, 95% CI: 0.11-0.45). ApaI and FokI polymorphisms of VDR gene do not appear to be responsible for host susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in the Indonesian Batak ethnic population but BsmI polymorphism had association with host resistant to PTB.
Tornadic shear stress induces a transient, calcineurin-dependent hyper-virulent phenotype in Mucorales molds

Trauma-related necrotizing myocutaneous mucormycosis (NMM) has a high morbidity and mortality in victims of combat-related injuries, geo-meteorological disasters, and severe burns. Inspired by the observation that several recent clusters of NMM have been associated with extreme mechanical forces (e.g. during tornados), we studied the impact of mechanical stress on Mucoralean biology and virulence in a Drosophila melanogaster infection model. In contrast to other experimental procedures to exert mechanical stress, tornadic shear challenge (TSC) by magnetic stirring induced a hyper-virulent phenotype in several clinically relevant Mucorales species but not in Aspergillus or Fusarium. Whereas fungal growth rates, morphogenesis, and susceptibility to noxious environments or phagocytes were not altered by TSC, soluble factors released in the supernatant of shear-challenged R. arrhizus spores rendered static spores hyper-virulent. Consistent with a rapid decay of TSC-induced hyper-virulence, minimal transcriptional changes were revealed by comparative RNA sequencing analysis of static and shear-challenged Rhizopus arrhizus. However, inhibition of the calcineurin/heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) stress response circuitry by cyclosporine A (CsA) and tanespimycin abrogated the increased pathogenicity of R. arrhizus spores following TSC. Similarly, calcineurin loss-of-function mutants of Mucor circinelloides displayed no increased virulence capacity in flies after undergoing TSC. Collectively, these results establish that TSC induces hyper-virulence specifically in Mucorales and point out the calcineurin/hsp90 pathway as a key orchestrator of this phenotype. Our findings invite future studies of topical calcineurin inhibitor treatment of wounds as an adjunct mitigation strategy for NMM following high-energy trauma. Significance Given the limited efficacy of current medical treatments in trauma-related necrotizing mucormycosis, there is a dire need to better understand the Mucoralean pathophysiology in order to develop novel strategies to counteract fungal tissue invasion following severe trauma. Here, we describe that tornadic shear stress challenge transiently induces a hyper-virulent phenotype in various pathogenic Mucorales species but not in other molds known to cause wound infections. Our data support a model whereby shear stress-induced hyper-virulence is primarily driven by soluble factors and orchestrated by the calcineurin/hsp90 pathway. Importantly, pharmacological and genetic inhibition of calcineurin signaling abrogated hyper-virulence in shear stress-challenged Mucorales, encouraging further evaluation of (topical) calcineurin inhibitors to improve therapeutic outcomes of NMM after combat-related blast injuries or violent storms.
Hidden Markov Model Based Fault Detection for Networked Singularly Perturbed Systems

Based on a hidden Markov model (HMM), the issue of fault detection (FD) is investigated for singularly perturbed systems with their measurements transmitted over a bandwidth-limited communication network. A homogeneous Markov chain is adopted to model packet dropouts and time delays simultaneously, whose mode transition probabilities are assumed to be partially unknown. The discrepancies between the Markov modes and their observed ones have been noted, which are reflected by a hidden Markov process. An HMM-based FD filter (FDF) is aimed to be designed such that the stochastic stability and prescribed $H_{\infty }$ performance are ensured for the resulting filtering error dynamics of FD. A new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is constructed, which is with the Markov mode and the singular perturbation parameter (SPP). With the aid of up-to-date techniques in handing time delays, a sufficient condition based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is derived which provides a design scheme of such an FDF. The FDF parameters are given and the SPP’s admissible bounds are evaluated when the LMIs have feasible solutions. The performance of the designed FDF is demonstrated by two examples.