Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exposure History of Some Differentiated and Lunar Meteorites

Introduction: Continuing our study of cosmic-ray exposure (CRE) ages and meteorite parent body breakup histories we analyzed some special meteorites. They belong to classes with few members and were recovered from cold (Antarctica) and hot (Africa, Arabia) deserts. In most cases our work is part of a collaborative effort. The table gives the relevant noble gas data and resulting CREand K–Ar ages. The following conclusions were obtained: Lunar meteorite Dhofar 081, a fragmented feldspatic breccia found in Oman, contains relatively little solar gases but was exposed for > 100 Ma in the lunar regolith. Lunar meteorite NWA 032, an unbrecciated basalt found in Morocco, is essentially free of solar gases. Adopting a shielding depth of a few tens of cm on the moon the regolith residence time was 220 + 30 Ma. The K–Ar age of 2.78 + 0.16 Ga for bulk material agrees with the Ar–Ar age (see comprehensive study by [1]). Lunar (? ) meteorite NWA 773, a cumulate olivine norite with regolith breccia, presently being studied in collaboration with T. E. Bunch and M. Killgore contains solar gases and was exposed to cosmic rays at average 2 • geometry for ~160 Ma. The systematics of trapped solar He/Ne and Ne/Ar clearly indicate that this meteorite is of lunar origin. Acapulcoite GRA 98028 yields a CRE age of 5.1 + 0.8 Ma and a K–Ar age of 4.62 + 0.16 Ga. It is remarkable that all 19 acapulcoites and lodranites dated until now were ejected from their parent body in a period between 4.0 and 6.8 Ma ([2] and [3]), if we base the CRE ages on production rates according to [4]. Bencubbinite Gujba, analyzed in collaboration with A. Rubin and G. Kallemeyn, is the only fall among the bencubbinites and is texturally more pristine than Bencubbin. The relatively high concentrations of the planetary type trapped gases (Artr = 278 x 10 cmSTP/g) are similar to those of Bencubbin. We find that the CRE ages of Gujba and Bencubbin are identical and conclude that the two meteorites originate from the same ejection event on their parent body, 27 Ma ago. Angrite Sahara 99555 was obtained from D. Mittlefehldt and T. Mikouchi. We find a CRE age of 5.9 + 0.5 Ma and a K–Ar age of 3.54 + 0.15 Ga. The CRE age agrees with that of the Asuka 881371 angrite (5.4 + 0.7 Ma [5]). Iron meteorite NWA 176 is closely related to the ungrouped iron meteorite Bocaiuva. We analyzed a silicate inclusion as part of a consortium study led by K. Keil and M. Liu [6]. We obtained a CRE age of 41 + 12 Ma. This age is relatively young for an iron meteorite.
Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge: A Low-Randomness Characterization of NP

We show that any language L in NP has a noninteractive zero-knowledge proof system which uses Θ(log(1/s) + nƐ) random bits, where s is the soundness error, n the length of the input and Ɛ can be any constant > 0. In order to achieve this result, we formulate and investigate the problem of randomness-efficient error reduction for noninteractive zero-knowledge proofs, which generalizes the analogue and well-studied problem for BPP computation.
Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation ofEscherichia coli Populations from Environmental Freshwaters by Means of Sequence Variations in a Fragment of the β-d-Glucuronidase Gene

ABSTRACT A PCR-based denaturing-gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approach was applied to a partial sequence of the β-d-glucuronidase gene (uidA) for specific detection and differentiation of Escherichia colipopulations according to their uidA sequence variations. Detection of sequence variations by PCR-DGGE and by PCR with direct sequencing correlated perfectly. Screening of 50 E. colifreshwater isolates and reference strains revealed 11 sequence types, showing nine polymorphic sites and an average number of pairwise differences between alleles of the uidA gene fragments (screened fragment length, 126 bp) of 2.3%. Among the analyzed strains a range of dominating to more rarely and/or uniquely observed E. coli sequence types was revealed. PCR-DGGE applied to fecally polluted river water samples simultaneously detected E. coli and generated a fingerprint of the mixed populations by separating the polymorphic uidA amplicons. No significant differences between non-cultivation-based and cultivation-based profiles were observed, suggesting that at least some members of all occurring sequence types could be cultivated. As E. coli is frequently used as a fecal indicator, this work is considered an important step towards a new, practical tool for the differentiation and tracing of fecal pollution in all kinds of waters.
Lipidomics of Alzheimer ’ s disease : a liver peroxisomal dysfunction in the metabolism of omega-3 fatty acids

Emerging epidemiological and molecular evidence indicates that a variety of lipid abnormalities are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and, possibly, involved in its pathogenesis (Cunnane et al., 2009). Risk factors for AD – such as aging, genetic vulnerability and environmental factors – alter specific lipid pathways in brain and peripheral tissues, and these alterations may influence in turn AD progression (figure 1). For example, the inheritance of certain forms of the lipid-carrier protein apolipoprotein E (APOE) increases the risk of AD and brain tissue from AD patients shows significant changes in lipidcomposition.Among the alterations most consistently observed in AD are decreases in levels of docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid derived from diet or synthesized in the liver. Although a large number of pre-clinical and clinical evidence suggests that DHA decreases the risk of developing AD, it is still unclear how AD affects the metabolism of this essential omega-3 fatty acid.
On the Failure of the Bootstrap for Matching Estimators

Matching estimators are widely used for the evaluation of programs or treatments. Often researchers use bootstrapping methods for inference. However, no formal justification for the use of the bootstrap has been provided. Here we show that the bootstrap is in general not valid, even in the simple case with a single continuous covariate when the estimator is root-N consistent and asymptotically normally distributed with zero asymptotic bias. Due to the extreme non-smoothness of nearest neighbor matching, the standard conditions for the bootstrap are not satisfied, leading the bootstrap variance to diverge from the actual variance. Simulations confirm the difference between actual and nominal coverage rates for bootstrap confidence intervals predicted by the theoretical calculations. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a root-N consistent and asymptotically normal estimator for which the bootstrap fails to work.
High Reynold Number LES of a Rotating Two-Pass Ribbed Duct

Cooling of gas turbine blades is critical to long term durability. Accurate prediction of blade metal temperature is a key component in the design of the cooling system. In this design space, spatial distribution of heat transfer coefficients plays a significant role. Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) has been shown to be a robust method for predicting heat transfer. Because of the high computational cost of LES as Reynolds number (Re) increases, most investigations have been performed at low Re of O(104). In this paper, a two-pass duct with a 180° turn is simulated at Re = 100,000 for a stationary and a rotating duct at Ro = 0.2 and Bo = 0.5. The predicted mean and turbulent statistics compare well with experiments in the highly turbulent flow. Rotation-induced secondary flows have a large effect on heat transfer in the first pass. In the second pass, high turbulence intensities exiting the bend dominate heat transfer. Turbulent intensities are highest with the inclusion of centrifugal buoyancy and increase heat transfer. Centrifugal buoyancy increases the duct averaged heat transfer by 10% over a stationary duct while also reducing friction by 10% due to centrifugal pumping.
Does Openness to International Financial Flows Raise Productivity Growth?

Economic theory has identified a number of channels through which openness to international financial flows could raise productivity growth. However, while there is a vast empirical literature analyzing the impact of financial openness on output growth, far less attention has been paid to its effects on productivity growth. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between financial openness and total factor productivity (TFP) growth using an extensive dataset that includes various measures of productivity and financial openness for a large sample of countries. We find that de jure capital account openness has a robust positive effect on TFP growth. The effect of de facto financial integration on TFP growth is less clear, but this masks an important and novel result. We find strong evidence that FDI and portfolio equity liabilities boost TFP growth while external debt is actually negatively correlated with TFP growth. The negative relationship between external debt liabilities and TFP growth is attenuated in economies with higher levels of financial development and better institutions.
Probing the Black-Hole-Mass-Galaxy Connection of Active Galaxies Using 2D Galaxy Fitting Techniques on Near-Infrared Images

Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) provide a unique opportunity to measure the mass of supermassive black holes located in the centers of their host galaxies. This enables studying the scaling relations between the mass of the black hole and the properties of the host galaxy. In this thesis, we present an investigation of the relationship between black hole masses and the host galaxy bulge and total luminosity for a pilot sample of 15 objects imaged in the near-infrared with the 8m telescope of Gemini North observatory. We perform a 2D decomposition of the host galaxies using the software Galfit and obtain photometric measurements of the components. The high spatial resolution of the Gemini images allows for a detailed study of the different host galaxy components, in particular distinguishing between classical and pseudo-bulges in the presence of a bright AGN point source. In the literature, there is controversy about whether the mass of the black hole scales more closely with classical or pseudo bulges. Shedding light on this issue is crucial to our understanding of the underlying physical driver of the relations. In this study, the improved near-infrared images resulted in very different host galaxy parameters compared to those published in Bennert et al. (2015) based on images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our findings suggest that the sample of active galaxies reside in galaxies that are over-luminous compared to quiescent galaxies. Furthermore, we find that pseudo bulges are on the black-hole-mass bulge-luminosity relation. However, for a handful of objects, the Gemini images
Two motor neuron synergies , invariant across ankle joint angles , 1 activate the triceps surae during plantarflexion 2 3

1 activate the triceps surae during plantarflexion 2 3 Jackson Levine1, 2, 3, *, Simon Avrillon1, 2, 4, *, Dario Farina4, François Hug5, 6, José L. Pons1, 2, 3 4 5 1 Legs + Walking Lab, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago 60611, IL, USA 6 2 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern 7 University, Chicago 60611, IL, USA. 8 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern 9 University, Chicago 60611, IL, USA. 10 4 Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, London W12 11 7TA, UK 12 5 Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice 06200, France 13 6 The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, St Lucia QLD 4072, QLD, 14 Australia 15 16 * These authors equally contributed to this work. 17 18 Short title: Invariance of common inputs to motor neurons 19 20 Correspondence: 21 Simon Avrillon 22 Imperial College London, London, UK 23 e-mail: s.avrillon@imperial.ac. uk 24 José L. Pons 25 Legs + Walking Lab, floor 23 26 Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA 27 e-mail: jpons@sralab.org 28
Rationality , behavior , institutional and economic change in Schumpeter

1 As noted by Swedberg (2006), Schumpeter’s decision to have a seminar on rationality at Harvard in 1939–40 was triggered in 1939 by a paper on rationality by Chester Barnard. In fact, there were about 10 meetings, starting in October 1939 and ending in April 1940. An attempt to put together a book from the papers that were presented at the seminar failed, partly because Parsons, who had been appointed co-editor by Schumpeter, lost interest. Parsons later confessed that he, in fact, let the project die (Swedberg 2006: 72). Schumpeter’s paper from the seminar entitled “the meaning of rationality on the social sciences” was many years later published by Swedberg (1991), while Parsons’ paper entitled “an approach to the analysis of the role of rationality in social action” has remained unpublished.
To compare the effectiveness of constraint induced movement therapy versus motor relearning programme to improve motor function of hemiplegic upper extremity after stroke

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of constraint induced movement therapy versus motor relearning programme to improve motor function of hemiplegic upper extremity after stroke. Method: A sample of 42 patients was recruited from the Physiotherapy Department of IPM&R and Neurology OPD of Civil Hospital Karachi through non probability purposive sampling technique. Twenty one patients were placed to each experimental and control groups. Experimental group was treated with Constraint Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) and control group was treated with motor relearning programme (MRP) for three consecutive weeks. Pre and post treatment measurements were determined by upper arm section of Motor Assessment Scale (MAS) and Self Care item of Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scale. Results: Intra group analysis showed statistically significant results (p-value<0.05) in all items of MAS in both groups. However, advanced hand activities item of MAS in MRP group showed insignificant result (p-value=0.059). Self-care items of FIM Scale also showed significant result (p-value< 0.05) in both groups except dressing upper body item (p-value=0.059) in CIMT group and grooming and dressing upper body items (p-value=0.059 & 0.063) in MRP group showed insignificant p-values. Conclusion: CIMT group showed more significant improvement in motor function and self-care performance of hemiplegic upper extremity as compared to MRP group in patients with sub-acute stroke assessed by the MAS and FIM scales. Thus CIMT is proved to be more statistically significant and clinically effective intervention in comparison to motor relearning programme among the patients aged between 35-60 years. Further studies are needed to evaluate CIMT effects in acute and chronic post stroke population.
Sensitivity of Idealized Moist Baroclinic Waves to Environmental Temperature and Moisture Content

AbstractIdealized simulations are used to examine the sensitivity of moist baroclinic wave growth to environmental temperature and moisture content. With relative humidity held fixed, the surface temperature at 45°N, denoted T0, is varied from 275 to 290 K. As T0 increases, the atmospheric moisture content, moist instability, and moist available potential energy also increase. For the chosen initial configuration, moist waves develop larger eddy kinetic energy Ke than corresponding dry waves, but enhanced diabatic heating at larger T0 does not further increase Ke. This finding is linked to a warm-frontal cyclonic potential vorticity (PV) anomaly that strengthens and shifts downstream at larger T0 owing to increased diabatic heating along the frontal cloud band. This eastward shift feeds back negatively on the parent cyclone by increasing the downstream export of mechanical energy aloft and degrading the phasing between dry baroclinic vertical motion and buoyancy within the warm sector. The latter suppress.
Economic analysis of empiric versus diagnostic-driven strategies for immunocompromised patients with suspected fungal infections in the People’s Republic of China

: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) require rapid diagnosis and treatment. A decision-analytic model was used to estimate total costs and survival associated with a diagnostic-driven (DD) or an empiric treatment approach in neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies receiving chemotherapy or autologous/allogeneic stem cell transplants in Shanghai, Beijing, Chengdu, and Guangzhou, the People’s Republic of China. Treatment initiation for the empiric approach occurred after clinical suspicion of an IFI; treatment initiation for the DD approach occurred after clinical suspicion and a positive IFI diagnostic test result. Model inputs were obtained from the literature; treatment patterns and resource use were based on clinical opinion. Total costs were lower for the DD versus the empiric approach in Shanghai (¥3,232 vs ¥4,331), Beijing (¥3,894 vs ¥4,864), Chengdu, (¥4,632 vs ¥5,795), and Guangzhou (¥8,489 vs ¥9,795). Antifungal administration was lower using the DD (5.7%) than empiric (9.8%) approach, with similar survival rates. Results from one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were most sensitive to changes in diagnostic test sensitivity and IFI incidence; the DD approach dominated the empiric approach in 88% of scenarios. These results suggest that a DD compared to an empiric treatment approach in the People’s Republic of China may be cost saving, with similar overall survival in immunocompromised patients with suspected IFIs.
State-Space Models with Regime-Switching: Classical and Gibbs Sampling Approaches with Applications

Both state-space models and Markov switching models have been highly productive paths for empirical research in macroeconomics and finance. This book presents recent advances in econometric methods that make feasible the estimation of models that have both features. One approach, in the classical framework, approximates the likelihood function; the other, in the Bayesian framework, uses Gibbs-sampling to simulate posterior distributions from data. The authors present numerous applications of these approaches in detail: decomposition of time series into trend and cycle, a new index of coincident economic indicators, approaches to modeling monetary policy uncertainty, Friedman's "plucking" model of recessions, the detection of turning points in the business cycle and the question of whether booms and recessions are duration-dependent, state-space models with heteroskedastic disturbances, fads and crashes in financial markets, long-run real exchange rates, and mean reversion in asset returns.
Do IMF and World Bank Programs Induce Government Crises? An Empirical Analysis

Abstract We examine whether and under what circumstances World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) programs affect the likelihood of major government crises. We find that crises are, on average, more likely as a consequence of World Bank programs. We also find that governments face an increasing risk of entering a crisis when they remain under an IMF or World Bank arrangement once the economy's performance improves. The international financial institution's (IFI) scapegoat function thus seems to lose its value when the need for financial support is less urgent. While the probability of a crisis increases when a government turns to the IFIs, programs inherited by preceding governments do not affect the probability of a crisis. This is in line with two interpretations. First, the conclusion of IFI programs can signal the government's incompetence, and second, governments that inherit programs might be less likely to implement program conditions agreed to by their predecessors.
Soil and Water Conservation

Water has been called ubiquitous, which may be a small exaggeration, but it is no exaggeration to say that it is intimately associated with soil. In the never-ending hydrologic cycle, rain falls upon the soil, and whether the soil is shielded by vegetation or otherwise protected is much of what soil and water conservation is all about. The story of soil and water conservation through our 200-year history could be told in many ways. I have chosen to do so by citing, quoting, and commenting upon three giants in American history: Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Hugh Bennett. To this will be added a modest, personal footnote as to where we are presently trending.
Numerical Methods in Civil Engineering Optimized mesh generation by colliding bodies optimization algorithm in finite element

This article presents combination method of h-refinement and node movement in finite element method to solve elasticity problems. Colliding bodies optimization algorithm (CBO), which is a meta-heuristic algorithm, is used to move nodes and in case of inaccurate answers h-refinement could be used to increase the number of nodes in the regions which have too many mistakes. Error estimate, used in both node movement and h-refinement, is made by L2-norm which is appropriate to triangle elements and another use of it is to build cost function that is used in CBO. The proposed method is suitable for finite element meshing procedure because it can solve problems in areas with high stress concentration. Two benchmark example results in linear elasticity problems with respect to other techniques, show the efficiency and acceptable accuracy of the proposed method.
Safety Assessment of Benzaldehyde as Used in Cosmetics

allergic reactions in a maximization test. Clinical reports of allergy to Benzaldehyde are rare. Benzoic Acid did not produce irritation or sensitization reactions in human clinical studies. Benzoic Acid also failed to produce reactions in phototoxicity and photosensitization tests. Neither Benzaldehyde, Benzoic Acid, nor Sodium Benzoate are reproductive or developmental toxicants at doses that are non-toxic to the mother. In a behavioral study, blood levels of 0.12 ng/ml Benzaldehyde produced a 44% reduction in motor activity in mice. Benzaldehyde did not produce mutations in bacterial assays, but did produce chromosomal abnormalities in Chinese hamster cells and increased mutations in a mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay. Benzaldehyde was evaluated by the National Toxicology Program, which found no evidence of carcinogenicity in rats, and some evidence of carcinogenicity in mice. Several studies have suggested that Benzaldehyde can have carcinostatic or antitumor properties. Overall, at the concentrations used in cosmetics, Benzaldehyde was not considered a carcinogenic risk to humans. Although there are limitedirritationandsensitizationdataavailableforBenzaldehyde,theavailabledermalirritationandsensitizationdataandultravi-olet(UV)absorptionandphototoxicitydatademonstratingnoad-Recieved