Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphological and distributional properties of SMI‐32 immunoreactive ganglion cells in the rat retina

SMI‐32 is widely used to identify entire populations of alpha retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and several SMI‐32+ RGC subsets have been studied thoroughly in rodents. However, due to the thick cover of SMI‐32+ neurofilaments, the morphology of SMI‐32+ RGCs in the central retinal region is obscured and rarely described. Moreover, SMI‐32 labels more than one morphological RGC type and the full morphological characteristics and distribution of SMI‐32+ RGCs have yet to be discovered. Here, using intracellular neurobiotin injections combined with SMI‐32 antibody staining, we investigated morphological and distributional properties of the entire SMI‐32+ RGCs population in the rat retina. We found that SMI‐32+ RGCs were evenly distributed throughout the rat retina. We compared the morphological features of SMI‐32+ ON and OFF cells in the central, middle, and peripheral retinal regions. We found that SMI‐32+ RGCs in different regions have distinct characteristics, such as the soma area and the dendritic field area, and Sholl analysis of ON cells and OFF cells revealed significant differences between each region. We classified SMI‐32+ RGCs into five clusters based on morphological features and found that a majority of SMI‐32+ RGCs belong to alpha‐like cells; however, a small proportion of SMI‐32+ RGCs had small soma and small dendritic fields. Together, we present a full description of the morphology and distribution of SMI‐32 immunoreactive RGCs in the rat retina.
Estimating the Capacity of Freight Transportation Systems: A Model and Its Application in Transport Planning and Logistics

The issue of adequate capacity in the freight transportation system to accommodate growing cargo volumes is now becoming a major public policy concern. The problem of extraordinary rail line congestion and service failures in connection with the recent Union Pacific–Southern Pacific merger has galvanized attention to the problem, but the issue extends far beyond the rail system to other modes and contexts. The concept of system capacity (as opposed to link or facility capacity) is developed, and prior literature is reviewed for approaches to estimating it. A model that was developed from the most promising of these is presented. This model is multimodal in concept and is intended to be applicable to any vehicular freight mode. The model is tested through application to a portion of the rail network, and results are assessed for reasonableness and utility. Finally, the applicability of the model and approach to various capacity-related questions is described and discussed.
Word definition skills in elementary school children – The contribution of bilingualism, cognitive factors, and social factors

Abstract Purpose: Vocabulary relates to overall language proficiency and is important for academic success. Word definition (WD) tasks can be used to assess vocabulary depth and definition skills. We investigate monolingual and bilingual children’s performances on a WD task, and how bilingualism, level of parental education, school characteristics (proportion of students with Swedish as second language and proportion of parents with tertiary education), CELF-4 Core Language Score, and non-verbal IQ contribute to their performance. We also evaluate the level of difficulty of the test items and the test’s internal consistency. Method: Two hundred and eight children (mean age 7:8, range 6:8–9:0) were assessed with a 10-item WD task. Amount of information included in the definitions gave the WD score and number of words with at least partially correct information gave a Word knowledge score. Result: The bilingual group had lower scores on both measures. In isolation bilingualism explained 15% of the variance of the WD score. With all background factors included, the only significant predictor was CELF-4 Core Language Score, uniquely explaining 24.3% of the variance. Response patterns on the WD score were similar between groups. Internal consistency was > α = 0.7 for both measurements. Conclusion: Bilingual children performed lower than monolingual children on a WD task, but bilingualism alone cannot explain poor results.
Study on Basic Properties and High-Temperature Performance of Rice-Husk-Ash-Modified-Asphalt

Currently, many inorganic materials are investigated for modifying asphalts, but biomass ash is rarely applied to the modification of asphalt. In this present work, rice-husk-ash, as a representative of the biomass ashes, was added as a modifier to evaluate the related performance. The result showed that the basic performance, aging resistance, and high-temperature performance of modified asphalt has been improved, which proves that biomass ash can be used as an asphalt modifier for resource reuse.
THE INFLUENCE OF INNOVATION, TECHNOLOGICAL AND RESEARCH PROCESSES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SLOVENIA'S WOODWORKING INDUSTRY

Th e objective was to estimate the most important factors aimed at achieving optimal business performance in the wood processing industry in Slovenia, and in this we have focused on innovation, technology and R&D processes. Th e research was carried out in fi ve steps. Initially, a group of statistical variables was selected, and then some additional ones were defi ned. In the third step, the variables were dispersed among the following categories: input, process, indirect output and direct output variables. In the fourth step, reciprocal correlations among particular variables were calculated prior to the fi nal selection of the most important correlations and their interpretation. On the basis of illustrated methodology, the infl uential input and process variables were estimated, and these indicate not only the sequence of activities but also particular areas where additional eff ort needs to be invested. Th e research also has a practical implication for enterprises as well as national policy makers.
Failure Mechanism of Prepacked Concrete

Concrete is a multiphase material in which aggregate particles are distributed in the mortar matrix. Since a large volume of the concrete is occupied by aggregate, it is likely that variation in aggregate content will significantly influence the strength and deformation behavior. Prepacked concrete, as it contains a higher proportion of coarse aggregate, shows characteristics in failure that are widely dissimilar from those of normal concrete. This paper presents some aspects of failure mechanism of prepacked concrete observed during testing in compression. Along with the observations, some theoretical considerations are also made and discussed.
Preventing and Controlling Pneumonia among Under-Five Children: A Qualitative Study of Civil Society Organizations’ Roles in West Java and East Nusa Tenggara

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is the leading cause of under-five children mortality in the world, including in Indonesia. Various programs were developed both nationally and internationally to overcome this disease. One of the programs is cross-sectorial collaboration and community involvement as part of pneumonia prevention and control programs, including the involvement of civil society organizations (CSO). However, the limited research has explored through the role of CSO in this program. AIM: This study aimed to explore the roles of CSO in preventing and controlling the childhood pneumonia. METHODS: This qualitative descriptive study interviewed 15 participants who were representatives of CSO in West Java and East Nusa Tenggara. These CSO have focused on health activities programs. In-depth interviews were conducted using semi-structured interview guides. Data were analyzed using the comparative analysis technique for qualitative descriptive research. RESULTS: Three main themes have been found from the data analysis, including community empowerment and integrated actions to prevent childhood pneumonia, providing pneumonia services and advocacies to overcome childhood pneumonia, and the expectation versus challenges of CSO. The three themes showed that CSO have significant roles in various aspects of the prevention and control programs of under-five pneumonia. CONCLUSION: Various roles have been done by CSO. However, several functions were not performed optimally. Further research that was analyzing factors the influence CSO’s roles is needed as fundamental information to develop strategies in improving the functions of civil society organizations in childhood pneumonia.
Design of Reflectance Pulse Oximeter and BPM using the Max30100 Sensor in Early Detection of Hypoxemia in Patients with Cardiovascular Disorders

Blood oxygen saturation meter is a tool used to monitor the state of oxygen saturation in the blood and also the patient's heart rate (BPM) and to assist in the physical assessment of the patient without going through blood gas analysis. Oxygen saturation measuring devices usually use the difference in the wavelengths of red and infrared led light that will be captured by the photodiode. The purpose of this research is to make a pulse oximeter equipped with a display of SPO2, BPM values ​​and an additional SP02 signal. The design of this measuring instrument uses the MAX30100 sensor, the minimum system circuit of Arduino ATmega328p and OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode). Data from the MAX30100 sensor enters the I2C pin on the minimum Arduino system, then the microcontroller is processed to produce the percentage of SPO2 value, BPM value, and SPO2 signal which is then displayed on the OLED. The test is done by comparing the module with standard measuring instruments which produces the largest % error of 0.81% for Spo2 and 0.87% for BPM. The error presentation is obtained from factor measurements, if there is finger movement it will cause a large error. From the results obtained, the tool is still feasible to use because in the "Guidelines for Testing and Calibrating Medical Devices" Ministry of Health RI 2001, the maximum limit in the pulse oximeter error tolerance is for Spo2 1% and BPM 5%.
The association of blood urea nitrogen levels upon emergency admission with mortality in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background and purpose High blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is associated with an elevated risk of mortality in various diseases, such as heart failure and pneumonia. Heart failure and pneumonia are common comorbidities of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). However, data on the relationship of BUN levels with mortality in patients with AECOPD are sparse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between BUN level and in-hospital mortality in a cohort of patients with AECOPD who presented at the emergency department (ED). Methods A total of 842 patients with AECOPD were enrolled in the retrospective observational study from January 2018 to September 2020. The outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the association of BUN levels with in-hospital mortality in patients with AECOPD. Propensity score matching was used to assemble a cohort of patients with similar baseline characteristics, and logistic regression models were also performed in the propensity score matching cohort. Results During hospitalization, 26 patients (3.09%) died from all causes, 142 patients (16.86%) needed invasive ventilation, and 190 patients (22.57%) were admitted to the ICU. The mean level of blood urea nitrogen was 7.5 ± 4.5 mmol/L. Patients in the hospital non-survivor group had higher BUN levels (13.48 ± 9.62 mmol/L vs. 7.35 ± 4.14 mmol/L, p < 0.001) than those in the survivor group. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.76 (95% CI 0.73–0.79, p < 0.001), and the optimal BUN level cutoff was 7.63 mmol/L for hospital mortality. As a continuous variable, BUN level was associated with hospital mortality after adjusting respiratory rate, level of consciousness, pH, PCO2, lactic acid, albumin, glucose, CRP, hemoglobin, platelet distribution width, D-dimer, and pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03–1.17, p=0.005). The OR of hospital mortality was significantly higher in the BUN level ≥7.63 mmol/L group than in the BUN level <7.63 mmol/L group in adjusted model (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.05–10.29, p=0.041). Similar results were found after multiple imputation and in the propensity score matching cohort. Conclusions Increased BUN level at ED admission is associated with hospital mortality in patients with AECOPD who present at the ED. The level of 7.63 mmol/L can be used as a cutoff value for critical stratification.
Design of low-power silicon articulated microrobots

We are creating a class of autonomous low-power silicon articulated microrobots fabricated on a 1 cm2 silicon die and mounted with actuators, a controller, and a solar array. By taking advantage of the high force-density of electrostatic actuators in the micro scale, low-power actuators can be made for microrobots. A micromotor with an energy efficiency of 4%, that uses CMOS-compatible supply voltage, and has a motion resolution of 2 μm has been demonstrated in a volume of 0.015 mm3. Articulated two degrees-of-freedom legs with built-in mechanical couplings have been fabricated in a commercial micromachining foundry (MUMPs) and successfully assembled. Lowpower CMOS electronics will be used to control the robot locomotion and a solar array chip will be used to power the microrobot.
Fashioning Osteochondral Allograft for Humeral Head Defects in Reverse Hill-Sachs Lesions – A Proposed Surgical Technique

Introduction: Posterior glenohumeral joint dislocations with associated bony lesions are challenging to treat; namely, reverse Hill-Sachs’s lesions increase humeral head excursion predisposing to recurrent dislocations. To add to the complexity of management, posterior shoulder dislocations are often missed on plain radiographs, leading to chronicity in presentation. Case Report: We describe here our technique in our case series of three patients. Case I, 32 years, gentleman, presented 3 days after injury. He had a locked posterior dislocation of shoulder which he sustained while he fell asleep and hit a glass table. Shoulder was not reducible in emergency department. Reverse Hill- Sachs’s lesion involved 40% of humeral head. Case II, a 54- years- old gentleman, a keen gym trainer . Following sudden withdrawal of diazepam, he woke up lying on the floor and started experiencing shoulder pain. He presented a week following the injury. The dislocated shoulder could not be reduced in emergency department. Bony defect involved 50% of humeral head. Case III, 45 years gentleman who fell off from bike, presented on the same day to the emergency department. The dislocated shoulder was reduced. Defect size was 40% of humeral head. A thorough physical and radiological examination was performed to evaluate the lesion. Delto-pectoral approach was utilized for surgical exposure. Once fully assessed, the lesion is outlined and an oscillating saw is used to create uniform edges - – a regular “orange slice”- shaped defect. The prepared defect size is measured. Calcium phosphate cement is used to fill the defect and form a mould that represents the dimensions of allograft required to recreate the native sphericity of the humeral head. This mould then acts as a reference when fashioning the osteochondral femoral allograft to make sure this fits the defect anatomically. Once the graft is prepared, it is placed into the defect in the correct orientation and fixed in situ using headless screws. We utilized the same technique in all our patients. Conclusion: Reconstruction with osteochondral allograft is a promising technique to help shoulder surgeons achieve good outcomes for these patients. We propose a novel technique for fashioning allograft to anatomically fill the defects from bone loss, aiming to restores the native sphericity of the humeral head.
Overview of Stress Levels Factors in Students During Online Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic in 2021

The government orders all learning activities to be carried out at home (learning from home) and working from home (Work From Home/WFH). because online learning has been going on for more than a year in Indonesia, therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors that affect the level of stress in students during online learning during the 2021 Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the stress level of students during online learning. This research was conducted for 1 month, namely June 2021. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data collection comes from in-depth interviews with 6th-semester students and a sample of 4 students is taken. During online or online learning that students do during the Covid-19 pandemic, it affects the stress level of 6th-semester students who will soon graduate. Factors that affect the level of stress in students include internal stressors, external stressors, and stress symptom factors (psychological symptoms, physical symptoms, and behavioral symptoms). The factors that affect the level of stress in students during online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic are internal stressors, external stressors, and stress symptom factors.
Environmental Law that Affects the Green Behaviour of Undergraduates at Northeastern University

The objectives of this study were.to study environmental damage, natural resource damage, ecological damage, civil liability, criminal liability, administrative liability, and green behaviour levels and to study the independent variables comprising environmental damage, natural resource damage, ecological damage, civil liability, criminal liability, and administrative liability affecting the dependent variable of the green behaviour of undergraduates. The research instrument was the questionnaire, and it was used for data collection from 400 undergraduates. The inferential statistics that were used was the multiple regression analysis. Research results was revealed that the mean scores of environmental damages, natural resource damage, ecological damage, civil liability, criminal liability, administrative liability, and green behaviour levels were at high levels for all aspects. Moreover, it was found that the criminal liability had the most effect towards people’s air quality maintenance behaviour at a rate of 23.6 percent and was statistically significant at the level of 0.01. It was followed by administrative liability with 17.00 percent, which was statistically significant at the level of 0.01. This might indicate that the undergraduates realized to the important of criminal liability to enforces the people’s air quality maintenance. Therefore, in order to control air quality effectively, the criminal liability is needed to use to accomplish the air quality control.
Germination and in vitro Propagation of Gundelia tournefontii an Important Medicinal Plant

Medicinal plants are important sources of medical and many other pharmaceutical goods. The conventional propagation scheme is the main means of proliferation and takes a long period of time because of poor germination and also low clonal uniformity. Rapid shoot multiplication of Gundelia tournefontii was attained from meristems on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing 6-Benzyladenine (BAP) or kinetin, with the adding of 30 g/L sucrose. The highest number of new microshoots per explant (9.2) was attained on the MS medium enhanced with BAP and 0.05 mg/L IBA. After 13 to 14 days, microhoots started rooting on the MS medium enhanced either Indole3-butyric acid (IBA), Indole -3-acetic acid (IAA), or Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) with the addition of 30 g/L sucrose. Using 100 to 300 ppm Gibbreline GA3 resulted in an increase in germination percentage when soaking with GA3 for 12 hours. Gamma radiation had a significant effect on the growth of the in vitro explants. Gamma radiation had a significant effect on the germination percentage of G. tournefontii seeds. The in vitro propagation plant of G. tournefontii plants could be used for the marketable clonal propagation of this important species or for future studies.
The linear stability of boundary-layer flow over compliant walls: effects of boundary-layer growth

The linear stability of boundary-layer flow over compliant or flexible surfaces has been studied by Carpenter & Garrad (1985), Yeo (1988) and others on the assumption of local flow parallelism. This assumption is valid at large Reynolds numbers. Non-parallel effects due to growth of the boundary layer gain in significance and importance as one gets to lower Reynolds number. This is especially so for a compliant surface, which can sustain a variety of wall-related instabilities in addition to the Tollmien—Schlichting instabilities (TSI) that are found over rigid surfaces. The present paper investigates the influence of boundary-layer non-parallelism on the TSI and wall-related travelling-wave flutter (TWF) on compliant layers. Corrections to the growth rate of locally parallel theory for boundary-layer non-parallelism are obtained through a multiple-scale analysis. The results indicate that flow non-parallelism has an overall destabilizing influence on the TSI and TWF. Flow non-parallelism is also found to have a very strong destabilizing effect on the branch of TWF that stretches to low Reynolds number. The results obtained have important implications for the design and use of compliant layers at low Reynolds numbers.
Increasing Rail Demand by Improving Multimodal Information and Ticketing

Long-distance railway transport is more energy efficient and generates fewer environmental impacts than air and automobile travel. One strategy for increasing rail use is to introduce high-speed rail systems and other railway improvements; however, even with these capital improvements, rail travel may take too long for certain trips. Therefore, another strategy is to increase the use of rail for at least part of a trip (e.g., by replacing a short flight), which could be done by improving intermodal connections (e.g., flight-to-train connections at airports) or by using rail on the outbound trip and air on the return trip (or vice versa). In 2005, CityNightLine, a European night train operator, and Swiss International Air Lines developed a product that combined a night train trip with a flight. This product provided an ideal opportunity to evaluate the socio-institutional barriers to intermodal journeys by eliminating the mid-journey physical transfer present in other air–rail trips. The research surveyed users and nonusers to evaluate the socioinstitutional barriers to intermodal transport using a new product adoption structure. The research found that an effective Internet-based multimodal transport information and reservation system is needed to successfully increase rail travel. This system should provide accurate and complete information about all travel alternatives in a simple package and should enable customers to purchase a single ticket for the entire trip (including local public transport).