Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oxidative Stress, Erythropoietin,
and Some Physiological Parameters of Workers
Exposed to Heavy Metals Pollution

Environmental air pollution directly affects human health, increasing the prevalence of mortality that results from cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of air pollution results from the Erbil steel factory on oxidative stress markers, blood erythropoietin hormone (EPO) concentration, cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The study included 250 male samples (150 workers worked in different locations in the Erbil steel factory and 100 healthy males were used as a control group which was selected in the rural area away from the steel factory). A significantly higher concentration of the oxidative marker malondialdehyde MDA and EPO hormone was observed in the serum of workers who work near the furnace part of the factory when compared with control, manager, and scrap parts of the factory. The higher concentration of the MDA and EPO hormone was found in the groups of more than 11-15 years working when compared with the groups of less than 6-10 years working. The results found a significant positive correlation between Pb (r = 0.85<0.01), Co (r = 0.70<0.01), Hg (r = 0.74<0.01) and As (r = 0.60<0.05) with MDA. The workers in different locations parts of the factory showed significantly lower values of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, and forced vital capacity (FVC) and higher red cell distribution width (RDW), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and heart rate as compared with the control group. The decrease and increase of the above-mentioned studies’ parameters are time-dependent and differ according to the years of working.
Development of Capcut Application in Natural and Social Science Learning for Elementary School

This development aims to create learning media using the CapCut application for Natural and Social Sciences subjects. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D), which refers to the 4D development model. There are four stages of development: define, design, develop, and disseminate. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire and a test. Questionnaires were given to the subject and media experts to test the feasibility of learning media products based on the CapCut application. While the primary data source comes from class IV Science textbooks at SDN Kedaleman III and secondary data sources come from class IV students at SDN Kedaleman III. The population in this study were all fourth-grade students at SDN Kedaleman III, totaling 32 students. The sampling technique used a saturated sample; the entire population became the research sample because of the small population. Hence, the sample in this study was students of class IV at SDN Kedaleman III, totaling 32 students. This study used data analysis techniques t-test, namely paired sample t-test. The study results show that the CapCut application-based learning media is very suitable for science learning because it gets high marks from subject and media experts. The material expert's assessment was 89%, and the media expert's assessment was 93% which was classified as very feasible. And the t-test shows that there is a significant difference between the student's pre-test and post-test. Therefore it can be concluded that the CapCut application-based learning media is effectively used in science learning.
Contribution of Asian dust and volcanic material to the western Philippine Sea over the last 220 kyr as inferred from grain size and Sr-Nd isotopes

Asian dust and volcanogenic materials are two major components in the northwestern Pacific. Quantitatively distinguishing them and estimating their mass accumulation rates (MARs) are very important for understanding regional and global climate change. Here we present the grain-size composition of detrital sediments and the radiogenic strontium (Sr) and neodymium (Nd) isotopic compositions of different grain-size fractions of detrital sediments that were recovered from the western Philippine Sea. These new records show that the different grain-size distributions can be associated with 1) Asian dust from the western and central Chinese deserts and Chinese loess and 2) volcanogenic materials that were derived from the Luzon Islands. The MARs of this Asian dust and volcanic materials are obtained by using Weibull-function fitting. The MARs of Asian dust and volcanic materials are coupled with the glacial-interglacial cycle; these values are found to have been higher and more variable during the glacial period than during the interglacial period. We argue that the strengthening aridity of the Asian continent, which is connected to solar insolation and ice volume variations from orbital eccentricity, constitutes an important mechanism that drives the high MARs of glacial dust in the western Philippine Sea. The internal positive feedback of dust may be another important mechanism. The significant increase in volcanic material during the glacial period was caused by sea level changes, which were driven by the ice volume and solar insolation at high latitudes, and by strengthened precipitation from the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which is driven by orbital eccentricity and precession cycles on the Luzon Islands.
Performance Assessment of Bench‐Terraces Through 2‐D Modelling

The use of dry‐stone walls to build bench‐terraces has traditionally played a key role in the management of hilly and mountainous agricultural areas. They are typically built to increase suitable crop areas, provide safe working conditions and improve terrain stability during rainfall events. Because the mean gradient is greatly reduced by the presence of bench‐terraces, the hydrological response of a terraced slope should result in a reduction of peak runoff at the toe of a hillslope and a delay in the passage of peak flows. This research develops and quantifies this hypothesis. The FLO‐2D model is used to analyse the runoff propagation mechanism of a terraced slope (sequence of dry‐stone walls) by varying number and spacing of terraces and assuming two hydrological soil setting scenarios in terms of antecedent moisture conditions within the Soil Conservation Service‐Curve Number method. The model analysis shows that the majority of runoff modifications at the outlet of a terraced system result from topographical modifications rather than local hydrological variations at the dry‐stone wall zone. Repeated modelling applications show that, given a quite‐typical scenario of a 20°‐sloped hillslope and a reference intense rainstorm, the peak discharge reduction at the hillslope outlet depends on the percentage of the area managed with terraces. The reduction can be calculated with a logarithmic‐type function (for example, an increase of terraced area from 10% to 30% might bring to runoff peak reduction of almost 45%). This information can help determine where terrace additions are more effective in terms of hydrological benefit. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical and Practical Phonetic Instruction in the Eyes of Advanced Students. An Editorial to RiL Special Issue Vol. 21.3 and 21.4 on Pronunciation Research and Pronunciation Learning/Teaching in a Global EFL Perspective

The article focuses on advanced students’ beliefs and views related to their own pronunciation and pronunciation learning/teaching. It also presents their opinions on the university courses dedicated to phonetics and phonology of the English language. Furthermore, it analyses the students plans and ambitions for their future self-study and intentions to further develop and improve their English pronunciation. Finally, the article introduces varied and numerous research areas investigated in the current two issues of RiL and points to the significance of the most recent findings in the field.
Dietary β-Glucan Alleviates Antibiotic-Associated Side Effects by Increasing the Levels of Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Modifying Intestinal Microbiota in Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Antibiotics and their secondary metabolites are commonly found in aquatic ecosystems, leading to the passive exposure of many aquatic animals to low doses of antibiotics, which can affect their health. However, there is limited information available on how to mitigate the side effects of antibiotics on normal aquatic animals. This study aimed to investigate the potential of dietary β-glucan to alleviate the side effects induced by antibiotics in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (0.37 ± 0.02 g). A six-week feeding trial was conducted with four dietary treatments including a control, 1 g/kg β-glucan (β-glucan), 50 mg/kg oxytetracycline (OTC), and a combination of 50 mg/kg OTC and 1 g/kg β-glucan (Mix) groups. At the end of the trial, the growth performance, intestinal microbial composition, antioxidant capacity, and immune response of the shrimp were assessed. There were no significant differences in growth performance among the groups, but the condition factor of the shrimp in the Mix group was significantly decreased when compared to the control and β-glucan groups. The activities of hepatopancreas catalase (CAT) and serum phenol oxidase in the OTC group were significantly lower than those in the control group. On the other hand, the activities of hepatopancreas superoxide dismutase and CAT enzymes in the β-glucan group were significantly higher than those in the OTC group. The supplementation of β-glucan in combination with antibiotics significantly increased the CAT activity and bacteriolytic activity compared to the OTC and control groups, respectively. Moreover, an analysis of the intestinal microbiota revealed that the Observed_species estimator in the Mix group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Dietary antibiotics significantly increased the abundance of Actinobacteria at the phylum level, but the Mix group showed no significant difference. The supplementation of β-glucan in combination with antibiotics also significantly increased the relative abundance of Meridianimaribacter compared to the control group. Additionally, the synergistic influence of β-glucan with antibiotics increased the beta diversity of intestinal microbiotas. These findings suggest that the supplementation of β-glucan in combination with antibiotics on Pacific white shrimp can alleviate the low antioxidant capacity and immune response caused by antibiotics while enhancing the intestinal microbial composition. This provides a potential solution to mitigate the negative impacts of antibiotics in aquaculture.
CGE-W: an Integrated Modeling Framework for Analyzing Water-Economy Links Applied to Pakistan

This paper describes a linked model system consisting of a dynamic economywide Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model and a regional water system model (RWSM). The combined CGE-W model is applied to Pakistan to analyze the economywide impacts of changes in water resources in the Indus river basin, focusing on water "shocks" such as droughts. The CGE-W model is regionally disaggregated with a number of crops and includes the impacts of water stress on agricultural productivity. The RWSM model applied to Pakistan (RWSM-Pak) is a new water basin simulation model that starts from the Indus Basin Model Revised (IBMR) for Pakistan first developed by the World Bank. RWSM-Pak is designed to manage the water system (reservoirs and canal system) under different scenarios of river flows and competing demands (provided by the CGE model). The CGE model is disaggregated to incorporate water demand and the impact of water shortages on crops. Both models simulate long-run economic growth and changes in water resources, supporting analysis of long-run climate change scenarios, and are designed to work together as an integrated model system. The CGE-W model framework combines the strengths of the component economic and water models, without having to make compromises typical of water models that incorporate simple economics or economic models that include water in a simplified manner. To illustrate the use of the model system, we present empirical results for four climate change scenarios and analyze the economic benefits of adding a new dam to the system.
Analysis of the Influence of Social Media Marketing and E-WOM on Purchase Decisions Mediated by Brand Awareness and Trust at "X" Ice Cream Outlets

With the evolution of the times, there has been a rise in the number of internet and social media users, leading to a shift from traditional marketing methods to digital marketing. The aim of this research was to explore how social media marketing and electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) affect the choices made in purchasing, with brand awareness and trust serving as mediating factors. Employing a quantitative approach, an online survey was conducted with 200 participants, and data processing was carried out using SmartPLS software. The findings revealed a notable and meaningful connection was observed, showing a positive influence among social media marketing, e-WOM, and purchasing decisions, wherein brand awareness and trust played intermediary roles. , specifically in "X" ice cream outlets. Notably, brand awareness and trust were identified to have a partially mediating effect concerning the connection among social media marketing, e-WOM, and purchasing decisions, this study underscores the managerial significance of improving social media marketing, e-WOM, trust, and brand awareness to positively impact purchase choices.
Location Has Prognostic Impact on the Outcome of Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinomas

Simple Summary Mucinous adenocarcinomas are an uncommon tumor type that arise primarily in the large intestine, characterized by the overexpression of a jelly-like substance called mucin outside their cells. In previous work, we showed that in the colon, overall survival outcomes were similar to regular adenocarcinomas, but significantly worse in the rectum. In this investigation, we show that these cancers are more prevalent in the right colon, where survival outcomes are equivalent or slightly better across all ages and stages. However, when mucinous adenocarcinomas are located more distally in the left colon and rectum, respectively, outcomes are progressively worse than conventional adenocarcinomas, up to 1.3-fold, even after correction for sex, tumor grade, stage at presentation, and cancer therapy. These findings suggest that mucinous adenocarcinomas have an intrinsically worse tumor biology in the distal colon and rectum. Further investigations into understanding this behavior could have treatment implications for improving patient outcomes. Abstract Mucinous (colloid) adenocarcinomas (MAs) are a rare histological subtype of tumors defined by extracellular mucin comprising more than 50% of the tumor. These tumors are on a continuum of mucin-producing malignancies with signet ring cell adenocarcinomas (SRCCs), which instead produce intracellular mucin. Mucin-containing cancers occur primarily in the stomach and colon, where for SRCCs, outcomes are relatively worse in the proximal stomach and the rectum. It is not known if MAs have similar outcomes. In this study, we use the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to examine the effects of tumor localization, age, sex, and stage on colorectal and gastric cancer outcomes for MAs. For right colon cancers, MAs are more common, particularly in females, and have slightly better or equivalent outcomes across all stages and ages compared to conventional adenocarcinomas, but outcomes are progressively worse compared to conventional adenocarcinomas for left colon and rectal cancers. Unlike SRCCs, MAs have similar outcomes to conventional adenocarcinomas in all stomach locations. Overall, these results suggest that MAs have an intrinsically different tumor biology in the left colon and rectum that promotes pathogenesis. Decoding this phenomenon could lead to more effectively tailored patient treatment regimens.
Seasonal Changes of Individual Phenolic Compounds in Leaves of Twenty Olive Cultivars Grown in Texas

Abatract: Leaves from twenty olive cultivars grown in Texas were analyzed to evaluate the influence of their genetic makeup and their interactions with environmental conditions on polyphenol contents. The effect of geographical location on polyphenol levels in one cultivar were also determined. The major polyphenols (oleuropein, verboscoside, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, luteolin-4'-O-glucoside) were studied for quantitative measurments. Levels of oleuropein were the highest in "Leccino" among the different cultivars studied. Verbascoside levels were the highest in "Nichitskaia", luteolin-7-O-glucoside levels were the highest in "Mission", while higher levels of luteolin-4'-O-glucoside were found in several cultivars in spring leaf samples. The levels of all the four polyphenols were generally lower in summer samples compared to spring. Also, there were differences in levels of these polyphenol in leaves of the same cultivar, "Arbequina", but grown at different locations within Texas. For example, among spring samples, leaves collected from "Arbequina" trees grown in Santa Fe, TX had higher levels of oleuropein and luteolin-4'-O-glucoside than the other sites. The genetic makeup of the cultivars and the season of the year have profound effects on levels of major polyphenols in olive leaves. Additionally, geographical location also exhibits distinct differences pointing to the effects of cultural and environmental conditions.
The Andes Cordillera. Part III: glacier surface mass balance and contribution to sea level rise (1979–2014)

Glacier surface mass balance (SMB) observations for the Andes Cordillera are limited and therefore estimates of the SMB contribution to sea‐level rise are highly uncertain. Here (in Part 3), we simulate glacier surface meteorological and hydrological conditions and trends for the Andes Cordillera (1979/80–2013/14; 35 years), covering the tropical latitudes in the north down to the sub‐polar latitudes in the far south, including the Northern Patagonia Icefield (NPI) and Southern Patagonia Icefield (SPI). Surface meteorological conditions and heat‐ and mass‐transfer processes were simulated for all glaciers having an area equal to or greater than 0.5 km2. SnowModel – a fully integrated energy balance, blowing‐snow distribution, multi‐layer snowpack, and runoff routing model – was used to simulate glacier SMBs for the Andes Cordillera. The Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI; v. 4.0) and NASA Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) products, downscaled in SnowModel, allowed us to conduct relatively high‐resolution (1‐km horizontal grid; 3‐h time step) simulations of glacier air temperature, precipitation, sublimation, evaporation, runoff, and SMB. These simulated glacier SMBs were verified against both independent direct observed annual glacier SMB and satellite gravimetry and altimetry derived SMB, indicating a good agreement. For Andes glaciers, the 35‐year mean annual SMB was found to be −1.13 m water equivalent (w.e.), while the cumulative SMB was −39.6 m w.e. , which is equal to a cumulative SMB contribution of 3.4 mm sea‐level equivalent (SLE) (∼0.1 mm SLE per year). However, for both NPI and SPI, the mean SMB was positive (where likely calving explains why geodetic estimates are negative). For the Andes Cordillera, the simulated mean glacier‐specific runoff was 41 L s−1 km−2, while for NPI and SPI it was 213 and 198 L s−1 km−2, respectively, indicating available water resources from NPI and SPI.
Unveiling Multidimensional Poverty in Jammu and Kashmir: Insights from Alkire Foster Method and NFHS-5 Data

This study seeks to examine the multidimensional poverty in Jammu and Kashmir, aiming to illuminate its nature and extent beyond traditional monetary measures. Utilizing the Alkire Foster method and drawing on data from NFHS-5, the research uncovers a prevalence of multidimensional poverty surpassing that of monetary poverty in the region. Within surveyed districts, the study identifies Ramban as experiencing the highest incidence, contrasting with Srinagar, which exhibits the lowest headcount. Anantnag emerges as the district facing the most intense multidimensional poverty. In exploring the factors influencing multidimensional poverty, binary logistic regression reveals the significant roles of education, occupation, and land ownership. Conflict is identified as an amplifier of multidimensional poverty, and a predictive model achieves an accuracy rate of approximately 82.80%. The study underscores the critical importance of local factors in shaping poverty experiences, emphasizing the roles of nutrition, sanitation, housing, and education. Gender, age, and conflict are highlighted as pivotal determinants in the latter stages of the study. The research concludes with a managerial perspective, offering actionable insights for policy recommendations, development initiatives, and specific steps for government agencies and stakeholders. These proposed interventions aim to address identified determinants and contribute to the overarching goal of reducing poverty in Jammu and Kashmir.
MEDIATION OF PERCEIVED VALUE ON THE EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY AND OBJECT UNIQUENESS ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AT TENAYAN RAYA AGROTOURISM PEKANBARU

This research aims to analyze the influence of service quality and object uniqueness on perceived value and consumer satisfaction and then to analyze the role of perceived value as a mediator on the influence of service quality and object uniqueness on consumer satisfaction at Tenayan Raya Agrotourism. This research quantitative research by distributing questionnaires to visitors of the Tenayan Raya Agrotourism. The sample for this research consisted of 142 respondents. Data analysis uses the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS. The research results show that service quality has a positive and significant effect on perceived value, object uniqueness has an insignificant effect on perceived value, service quality has a positive and significant effect on consumer satisfaction, and object uniqueness has an insignificant effect on customer satisfaction. Then, perceived value is able to mediate the influence of service quality on consumer satisfaction, but it can’t be able to mediate the influence of object uniqueness on customer satisfaction.
Producción y calidad del forraje de tres variedades de yuca bajo tres densidades de siembra

One limitation of livestock farming in the Colombian Caribbean is the decline in production and quality of forage in times of drought or rain. The aim of this study was to evaluate forage production and nutritional quality of three varieties of cassava (SM 2546-40, SM 1511-6 and SM 2081-34) under three planting densities (40,000, 55,000 and 70,000 plants ha-1) and three harvest ages (75, 90 and 105 days). The experiment was conducted at the Research Center Turipana-Corpoica, in 2011, under a split-split-plot design with three replications. Green fodder production (GFP), dry matter production (DMP), crude protein production (CPP), crude protein content (CPC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and ash were evaluated. In the wet season (MayAugust), the GFP and DMP was 150% higher than in the dry season (January to April) and the protein 100% higher. Cassava variety SM 2081-34 produced greater GFP and DMP, and lower content of ADF. In the three planting densities, GFP and DMP were similar, but with 55,000 and 700,000 plants / ha, the CPP was higher. After 105 days, the highest GFP, DMP and CPP were obtained, whereas at 75 days, the forage had lower contents of NDF and ADF, and higher protein content (CPB). After 105 days, the ash content was higher. SM 2081-34 variety produced more dry matter and protein at 105 days with 55,000 ha-1 plants.