Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SCAD‐penalized quantile regression for high‐dimensional data analysis and variable selection

The present penalized quantile variable selection methods are only applicable to finite number of predictors or do not have oracle property associated with estimator. This technique is considered as an alternative to ordinary least squares regression in case of the outliers and the heavy‐tailed errors existing in linear models. The variable selection through quantile regression with diverging number of parameters is investigated in this paper. The convergence rate of estimator with smoothly clipped absolute deviation penalty function is also studied. Moreover, the oracle property with proper selection of tuning parameter for quantile regression under certain regularity conditions is also established. In addition, the rank correlation screening method is used to accommodate ultra‐high dimensional data settings. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate finite performance of the proposed estimator. The results of real data reveal that this approach provides substantially more information as compared with ordinary least squares, conventional quantile regression, and quantile lasso.
Improving Personalized Dialogue Generation Models with Data-level Distillation and Diversiﬁcation

Personalized dialogue generation is a chal-001 lenging task in which a persona-consistent 002 response needs to be generated conditioning 003 both persona texts and dialogue utterances, be-004 ing more complex than conventional dialogues. 005 Multiple persona texts and utterances exist in 006 one sample and some of them can be distrac-007 tors for generating. Thus even strong mod-008 els have difﬁculty posing attention to suitable 009 personas so generating persona-irrelevant re-010 sponses. Besides, the limited data scale and 011 diversity further affect the performance. Thus, 012 we start from data and propose to boost the 013 model in data-level distillation and diversiﬁ-014 cation ( D 3 ). We ﬁrst distill the original train-015 ing samples into simpliﬁed persona-consistent 016 ones, lowering the difﬁculty by removing re-017 dundant information in personas and dialogue 018 history. Next in the diversiﬁcation, we in-019 crease both the amount and diversity of dis-020 tilled data to ease its insufﬁciency. A model 021 will be trained via curricula, ﬁrst on easier aug-022 mented samples and then on harder original 023 ones. Experiments on the PersonaChat bench-024 mark dataset illustrate the superiority of our 025 method when packed with two strong base dia-026 logue models (Transformer and GPT2) on var-027 ious automatic metrics and human evaluation. 028
A search for AGN in the most extreme UV-selected starbursts using the European VLBI Network

We have used the European VLBI Network (EVN) to observe a sample of Lyman Break Analogs (LBAs), nearby (z < 0.3) galaxies with properties similar to the more distant Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs). The study of LBGs may help define the feedback relationship between black holes (BHs) and their host galaxies. Previous VLA observations have shown that the kpc-scale radio emission from LBAs is dominated by starbursts. The main targets of this VLBI experiment were selected because they possessed emission-line properties between starbursts and Type 2 (obscured) AGN. Eight targets (three star-forming LBAs, four composite LBAs, and one Type 1 AGN) were observed at 5 GHz, four of which (one star-forming LBA and three composite LBAs) were also observed at 1.7 GHz. One star-forming LBA and one composite LBA were detected above 5σ at 1.7 GHz (only), while the AGN was detected at 5 GHz. In both LBAs, the radio luminosity (LR) exceeds that expected from supernovae (remnants) based on a comparison with Arp220, Arp229A and Mrk273, by factors of 2 8. The composite LBA exhibits a compact core emitting around 10% of the VLA flux density. The high Tb of 3.5×10 7 K and excess core LR with respect to the LR/LX relation of radio-quiet AGN indicate that this LBA possesses an obscured AGN (MBH � 10 5−7 M⊙). In three other composite LBAs detected previously in the X-ray, no radio sources were detected, indicating either variability or the presence of an obscured AGN below our radio sensitivity. While weak AGN may co-exist with the starbursts as shown in at least one of the LBAs, their contribution to the total radio flux is fairly minimal. Our results show that the detection of such weak AGN presents a challenge at radio, X-ray and optical emission-line wavelengths at z � 0.2, indicating the great difficulties that need to be overcome in order to study similar processes at high redshift when these types of galaxies were common.
Homogenization of the boundary value for the Dirichlet problem

In this paper, we give a mathematically rigorous proof of the averaging behavior of oscillatory surface integrals. Based on ergodic theory, we find a sharp geometric condition which we call irrational direction dense condition, abbreviated as IDDC, under which the averaging takes place. It should be stressed that IDDC does not imply any control on the curvature of the given surface. As an application, we prove homogenization for elliptic systems with Dirichlet boundary data, in $C^1$-domains.
The near-to-mid infrared spectrum of quasars

We analyse a sample of 85 luminous (log(nuLnu(3\um)/erg s-1)>45.5) quasars with restframe ~2-11 \um spectroscopy from AKARI and Spitzer. Their high luminosity allows a direct determination of the near-infrared quasar spectrum free from host galaxy emission. A semi-empirical model consisting of a single template for the accretion disk and two blackbodies for the dust emission successfully reproduces the 0.1-10 \um spectral energy distributions (SEDs). Excess emission at 1-2 \um over the best-fitting model suggests that hotter dust is necessary in addition to the ~1200 K blackbody and the disk to reproduce the entire near-infrared spectrum. Variation in the extinction affecting the disk and in the relative strength of the disk and dust components accounts for the diversity of individual SEDs. Quasars with higher dust-to-disk luminosity ratios show slightly redder infrared continua and less prominent silicate emission. We find no luminosity dependence in the shape of the average infrared quasar spectrum. We generate a new quasar template that covers the restframe range 0.1-11 \um, and separate templates for the disk and dust components. Comparison with other infrared quasar composites suggests that previous ones are less reliable in the 2-4 \um range. Our template is the first one to provide a detailed view of the infrared emission on both sides of the 4 \um bump.
Variation in menstrual cycle length by age, race/ethnicity, and body mass index in a large digital cohort of women in the US

Background Menstrual characteristics are important signs of women's health. We examined the variation of menstrual cycle length by age, race and ethnicity, and body weight using data collected from mobile menstrual tracking apps. Understanding how menstrual characteristics vary by these factors can provide important information for further study of environmental and social determinants of menstrual health. Methods We collected self-tracked menstrual cycle data from participants of the Apple Women's Health Study. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were self-reported from surveys. Linear mixed effect (LME) models were used to estimate the differences in cycle length associated with age, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI), adjusted for possible confounders or predictors of cycle length. Cycle variability was estimated by the change of within-individual standard deviations of cycle length. Findings A total of 165,668 cycles from 12,608 participants from US were included. After adjusting for all covariates, mean menstrual cycle length was shorter with older age across all age groups until age 50 and then became longer for those age 50 and older. Menstrual cycles were on average 1.6 (95%CI: 1.2, 2.0) days longer for Asian and 0.7 (0.4, 1.0) days longer for Hispanic participants compared to White non-Hispanic participants. Participants with Class 3 obesity (BMI>=40 kg/m2) had 1.5 (1.2, 1.8) days longer cycles compared to those with healthy BMI (18.5<= BMI<25 kg/m2). Cycle variability was smaller among participants in older age groups but became considerably larger for those in the oldest age categories (45-49 and 50+). Asian and Hispanic participants and those who were obese had larger cycle variability. Interpretation This study demonstrated differences in menstrual characteristics by age, race and ethnicity,and obesity using data collected from mobile health apps. Future studies should explore the underlying determinants of the racial and ethnic differences in menstrual characteristics.
METAL DEFICIENCY IN CLUSTER STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT Z = 2

We investigate the environmental effect on the metal enrichment of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) in the farthest spectroscopically confirmed and X-ray-detected cluster, CL J1449+0856 at z = 1.99. We combined Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3 G141 slitless spectroscopic data, our thirteen-band photometry, and a recent Subaru/Multi-object InfraRed Camera and Spectrograph (MOIRCS) near-infrared spectroscopic follow-up to constrain the physical properties of SFGs in CL J1449+0856 and in a mass-matched field sample. After a conservative removal of active galactic nuclei, stacking individual MOIRCS spectra of 6 (31) sources in the cluster (field) in the mass range 10 ≤ log(M/M⊙) ≤ 11, we find a ∼4σ lower [N ii]/Hα ratio in the cluster than in the field. Stacking a subsample of 16 field galaxies with Hβ and [O iii] in the observed range, we measure an [O iii]/Hβ ratio fully compatible with the cluster value. Converting these ratios into metallicities, we find that the cluster SFGs are up to 0.25 dex poorer in metals than their field counterparts, depending on the adopted calibration. The low metallicity in cluster sources is confirmed using alternative indicators. Furthermore, we observe a significantly higher Hα luminosity and equivalent width in the average cluster spectrum than in the field. This is likely due to the enhanced specific star formation rate; even if lower dust reddening and/or an uncertain environmental dependence on the continuum-to-nebular emission differential reddening may play a role. Our findings might be explained by the accretion of pristine gas around galaxies at z = 2 and from cluster-scale reservoirs, possibly connected with a phase of rapid halo mass assembly at z > 2 and of a high galaxy merging rate.
Some ecological impacts of eastern Euphrates drainage water on basil (Ocimum basilicum)

Iraq is one of counters that effected with climate change which meagre its effects is reduce water resource. Study the ability of using eastern Euphrates drainage water as a alternative water resource in the irrigation. Basil was used as an example to sensitive plants. it given a good growth under using drainage water by several biochemical adaptations including increased each of MDA, TAA, proline, GSH and ROS levels. The drainage water was not polluted with Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu and Pb which their concentrations were 0.001, 0.1837, 0.001, 0.1112 and, 0.0035 ppm respectively, and these concentrations are within Iraqi limits of irrigation, but with elevated concentrations of total hardness about 880 Mg/L. The current study explained that eastern Euphrates drainage water is not saline and can used in the irrigation of crops and it was not polluted with heavy metals.
A Pilot Survey of an M Dwarf Flare Star with Swift’s UV Grism

The near-ultraviolet (NUV) spectral region is a useful diagnostic for stellar flare physics and assessing the energy environment of young exoplanets, especially as relates to prebiotic chemistry. We conducted a pilot NUV spectroscopic flare survey of the young M dwarf AU Mic with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory's UltraViolet and Optical Telescope. We detected four flares and three other epochs of significantly elevated count rates during the 9.6 hr of total exposure time, consistent with a NUV flare rate of ∼0.5 hr−1. The largest flare we observed released a minimum energy of 6 × 1033 erg between 1730 and 5000 Å. All flares had durations longer than the ∼14–17 minutes duration of each Swift visit, making measuring total flare energy and duration infeasible.
The Problem of Time and Quantum Cosmology in the Relational Particle Mechanics Arena

This article contains a local solution to the notorious Problem of Time in Quantum Gravity at the conceptual level and which is actually realizable for the relational triangle. The Problem of Time is that `time' in GR and `time' in ordinary quantum theory are mutually incompatible notions, which is problematic in trying to put these two theories together to form a theory of Quantum Gravity. Four frontiers to this resolution in full GR are identified, alongside three further directions not yet conquered even for the relational triangle. This article is also the definitive review on relational particle models originally due to Barbour (2003: dynamics of pure shape) and Barbour and Bertotti (1982: dynamics of shape and scale). These are exhibited as useful toy models of background independence, which I argue to be the `other half' of GR to relativistic gravitation, as well as the originator of the Problem of Time itself. Barbour's work and my localized extension of it are shown to be the classical precursor of the background independence that then manifests itself at the quantum level as the full-blown Problem of Time. In fact 7/8ths of the Isham--Kuchar Problem of Time facets are already present in classical GR; even classical mechanics in relational particle mechanics formulation exhibits 5/8ths of these! In addition to Isham, Kuchar and Barbour, the other principal authors whose works are drawn upon in building this Problem of Time approach are Kendall (relational models only: pure-shape configuration spaces), Dirac, Teitelboim and Halliwell (Problem of Time resolving components). The recommended scheme is a combination of the Machian semiclassical approach, histories theory and records theory.
Effectiveness of different socket dressing materials on the postoperative pain following tooth extraction: a randomized control trial

We aimed to prospectively evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Alvogyl and Cutanplast as intra-alveolar dressings for managing pain associated with extraction and incidence of dry socket. All patients who underwent maxillary and mandibular teeth extraction and fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria from Feb 2021 to Oct 2021 were included in our study. Patients who were diagnosed with postoperative pain after tooth extraction were randomly allocated to three groups: Group A (Alvogyl), Group B (Cutanplast), and Group C (placebo). Pain relief and healing of the socket were compared between these groups. The collected data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Z test of proportionality. Alvogyl was superior to the other medication for providing initial pain relief, and the incidence of dry socket was significantly lower than in the Cutanplast and placebo groups (p<0.05). However, wound healing was statistically non-significant among groups A, B, and C (p>0.05). Alvogyl is still the material of choice in terms of pain relief, wound healing, and low incidence of dry socket. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was detected between the groups in the biographic information, location, and condition of the extracted tooth, presence of a radiologic pathology, or type of extraction procedure. Moreover, whether it is the first extraction or not, Alvogyl and Cutanpast are comparable in postoperative pain management as intra-alveolar dressing materials.
Risk factors and clinical and laboratory findings associated with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections in Bangkok, Thailand

Background and Aim: Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are retroviruses associated with chronic and neoplastic diseases in domestic and non-domestic cats. There has been increasing interest in the clinical importance of feline retroviruses in Thailand and the identification of associated risk factors in domestic cats. To prevent the spread of retroviral diseases and improve the management of retrovirus-infected cats, risk factors and associated clinical laboratory data must be clearly understood. This study aimed to identify the influence of household, lifestyle, health status, sterilization, clinical presentations, and laboratory findings on FIV- and FeLV-infected cats in Bangkok, Thailand. Materials and Methods: A total of 480 cats were evaluated for FeLV p27 antigen and FIV antibodies using Witness FeLV-FIV Rapid Test and SNAP FIV/FeLV Combo Test at a veterinary hospital service. Results: Of the 480 cats tested, 113 were positive for virus infection, including 60 for FeLV (12.5%), 40 for FIV (8.3%), and 13 for both FeLV and FIV (2.7%). The findings revealed that the risk factors for cats infected with FeLV, FIV, or both FeLV and FIV were significantly different compared with those for non-infected cats (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that multi-cat ownership is a risk factor for the high prevalence of feline retrovirus infection, as multi-cat households exhibited a higher prevalence of infection than single-cat households. Anemic and sick cats were also at a greater risk of testing positive for specific retrovirus infections. FeLV-infected cats had a higher risk of anemia and low erythrocyte and thrombocyte counts (p ≤ 0.0001), whereas FIV-infected cats were more likely to have anemia and leukocytopenia than controls. Conclusion: Knowledge of the risk factors for retroviral diseases and associated clinical and laboratory findings can be used to develop strategies to reduce FIV and FeLV infections in cats.
Advanced Breast Cancer

Abstract Over the past few years, there have been many developments in the treatment of advanced breast cancer; these have been incorporated into national and international treatment guidelines, resulting in an improved prognosis for these patients. The 6th International Consensus Conference for Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC6) was held in November 2021. The aim is to standardize the treatment of advanced breast cancer based on a high level of evidence, and to make new treatment options accessible to all patients. In this article we discuss the ABC6 consensus in the context of German treatment guidelines, and compare it with clinical practice in Germany. The authors refer to the current recommendations of the Breast Cancer Working Group for Gynecological Oncology (AGO Mamma) published in March 2022. The AGO Breast Cancer Guidelines are updated annually. Since discrepancies between national and international guidelines can occur due to country-specific regulations, this is a useful comparison to make. The German authors refer to the voting results of the ABC6 panelists from 6 November 2021. Zusammenfassung In der Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Mammakarzinoms gab es in den letzten Jahren zahlreiche Fortschritte, die in internationale und nationale Therapieempfehlungen eingeflossen sind und dazu beigetragen haben, die Prognose der Patient*innen zu verbessern. Im November 2021 tagte die 6. „Internationale Konsensuskonferenz zum fortgeschrittenen Mammakarzinom“ (ABC6: 6th International Consensus Conference for Advanced Breast Cancer). Ziel ist es, die Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Mammakarzinoms weltweit auf hohem Evidenzlevel zu standardisieren und neue Therapieoptionen allen Patient*innen zugänglich zu machen. Im vorliegenden Manuskript geht es darum, den ABC6-Konsensus vor dem Hintergrund der deutschen Therapieempfehlungen zu diskutieren und mit dem klinischen Vorgehen in Deutschland abzugleichen. Die Autoren beziehen sich auf die aktuellen Empfehlungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft gynäkologische Onkologie, Kommission Mamma (AGO Mamma) vom März 2022. Die Empfehlungen der AGO Mamma werden jährlich aktualisiert. Ein solcher Abgleich erscheint sinnvoll, da aufgrund länderspezifischer Besonderheiten Abweichungen zwischen internationalen und nationalen Empfehlungen bestehen können. Die deutschen Autoren beziehen sich auf die Abstimmungsergebnisse der ABC6-Panelisten vom 06. November 2021.
Comparison of Ranibizumab Treatment Response of Superior and Inferior Temporal Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Year Follow-Up

Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare ranibizumab treatment response of macular edema secondary to superior and inferior temporal branch retinal vein occlusion. Methods: Sixty-four eyes of 64 patients treated with 0.5 mg/0.05 mL ranibizumab due to macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion were enrolled in this retrospective study. Thirty-eight eyes with superior temporal branch retinal vein occlusion were classified as Group 1 and 26 eyes with inferior temporal branch retinal vein occlusion as Group 2. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and the number of intravitreal injections were evaluated and compared between the groups. Results: The mean baseline, 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th month BCVA values in Group 1 were 0.77±0.47, 0.37±0.20, 0.37±0.22, 0.38±0.24, and 0.35±0.18 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and in Group 2 were 0.75±0.45, 0.37±0.18, 0.35±0.19, 0.32±0.17, and 0.28±0.20 logMAR, respectively. The mean baseline, 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th month CMT values in Group 1 were 522.92±136.01, 318.03±66.65, 287.53±48.27, 271.95±32.47, and 280.47±91.66 µm and in Group 2 were 524.08±145.51, 289.85±53.08, 268.96±31.57, 260.77±30.22, and 244.04±44.78 µm, respectively. BCVA and CMT improved significantly within both groups after the treatment (p<0.05) and there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). However, a significantly higher number of injections was needed for Group 1. Conclusion: Ranibizumab improved the visual and anatomical outcomes similarly in both superior and inferior temporal branch retinal vein occlusion with macular edema. However, more frequent injections were needed to achieve the same efficacy in superior temporal branch retinal vein occlusion.
ACCRETING PLANETS AS DUST DAMS IN “TRANSITION” DISKS

We investigate under what circumstances an embedded planet in a protoplanetary disk may sculpt the dust distribution such that it observationally presents as a “transition” disk. We concern ourselves with “transition” disks that have large holes (≳ 10 AU) and high accretion rates (∼10−9–10−8 M☉ yr−1), particularly, those disks which photoevaporative models struggle to explain. Adopting the observed accretion rates in “transition” disks, we find that the accretion luminosity from the forming planet is significant, and can dominate over the stellar luminosity at the gap edge. This planetary accretion luminosity can apply a significant radiation pressure to small (s ≲ 1 μm) dust particles provided they are suitably decoupled from the gas. Secular evolution calculations that account for the evolution of the gas and dust components in a disk with an embedded, accreting planet, show that only with the addition of the radiation pressure can we explain the full observed characteristics of a “transition” disk (NIR dip in the spectral energy distribution (SED), millimeter cavity, and high accretion rate). At suitably high planet masses (≳ 3–4 MJ), radiation pressure from the accreting planet is able to hold back the small dust particles, producing a heavily dust-depleted inner disk that is optically thin to infrared radiation. The planet–disk system will present as a “transition” disk with a dip in the SED only when the planet mass and planetary accretion rate are high enough. At other times, it will present as a disk with a primordial SED, but with a cavity in the millimeter, as observed in a handful of protoplanetary disks.