Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Part of Speech Tagging for Javanese Ngoko Language with Hidden Markov Model

—Indonesia has many tribes; one of the largest number of tribes is Javanese with the Javanese languages spoken in Central Java, Jogjakarta, and East Java. Its grammatical structure is similar to the Indonesian language. Part of Speech Tagging labels words in a sentence with their word class based on the word function in the sentence. Some POS tagging research have been conducted for Indonesian, but its rare for Javanese. This study aims to automatically PoS tag words in a sentence written in Javanese Ngoko language, using a dataset crawling from online news. This study used Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and got an accuracy of 92.6 %.
Surfing the Cycle: Cyclical Investment Opportunities and Firms' Risky Financial Assets

This paper studies why non-financial firms invest in risky financial assets. Within a dynamic corporate finance model with macroeconomic fluctuations, I show that firms can use risky financial assets to transfer liquidity from states with low aggregate investment opportunities to states with high aggregate investment opportunities. Specifically, when investment funding demand is pro-cyclical and external financing is costly, risky financial assets with pro-cyclical returns can increase firm value by improving the match between internal cash flows and investment opportunities. Therefore, investing in risky financial assets can be naturally optimal for the firm from a macro perspective. Based on U.S. firm data scraped from the SEC 10-K filings using a machine learning algorithm, I find empirical evidence consistent with this mechanism: (1) time-serially, the value of risky financial assets is positively correlated with the corporate investment rate; (2) cross-sectionally, firms with pro-cyclical investment funding demand in excess of profits hold more risky financial assets. The empirical results are robust to adding variables to control for the risk-seeking, poor corporate governance and CEO overconfidence channels. JEL Classifications: E32, G11, G32
Preventive antimicrobial action and tissue architecture ameliorations of Bacillus subtilis in challenged broilers

Background and Aim: Probiotics improve intestinal balance through bacterial antagonism and competitive exclusion. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity, as well as the in vivo preventive, immunological, productive, and histopathological modifications produced by probiotic Bacillus subtilis. Materials and Methods: The in vitro antimicrobial activities of B. subtilis (5×106 CFU/g; 0.5, 1.0*, 1.5, and 2.0 g/L) were tested against Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes after exposure times of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 h using minimal inhibitory concentration procedures. A total of 320 1-day-old female Ross broiler chickens were divided into five groups. Four out of the five groups were supplemented with 0.5, 1.0*, 1.5, and 2.0 g/L probiotic B. subtilis from the age of 1 day old. Supplemented 14-day-old broiler chickens were challenged with only E. coli O157: H7 (4.5×1012 CFU/mL) and S. Typhimurium (1.2×107 CFU/mL). A total of 2461 samples (256 microbial-probiotic mixtures, 315 sera, 315 duodenal swabs, and 1575 organs) were collected. Results: The in vitro results revealed highly significant (p<0.001) killing rates at all-time points in 2.0 g/L B. subtilis: 99.9%, 90.0%, 95.6%, and 98.8% against E. coli, S. Typhimurium, C. albicans, and T. mentagrophytes, respectively. Broilers supplemented with 1.5 and 2.0 g/L B. subtilis revealed highly significant increases (p<0.01) in body weights, weight gains, carcass weights, edible organs’ weights, immune organs’ weights, biochemical profile, and immunoglobulin concentrations, as well as highly significant declines (p<0.01) in total bacterial, Enterobacteriaceae, and Salmonella counts. Histopathological photomicrographs revealed pronounced improvements and near-normal pictures of the livers and hearts of broilers with lymphoid hyperplasia in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen after supplementation with 2.0 g/L B. subtilis. Conclusion: The studies revealed that 1.5-2.0 g of probiotic B. subtilis at a concentration of 5×106 CFU/g/L water was able to improve performance, enhance immunity, and tissue architecture, and produce direct antimicrobial actions.
Effect of multiple cations in the feed solution on the performance of forward osmosis

AbstractIn this study, different combinations of feed stream such as 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 M of CaCl2 were, respectively, added with 1.0, 0.9 and 0.8 M of NaCl while maintaining the draw solution concentration at either 2.0 M of NaCl or CaCl2 in order to compare likely changes to the flux generated when the feed stream contained NaCl only. The results obtained showed that more constituents in feed stream generated lesser flux. Increase in CaCl2 concentration in feed stream resulted in more severe dilutive internal concentration polarisation (DICP) and hence, reduction in the performance ratio. The temperature and distribution of aggregated particle size also played a significant role in the overall performance of forward osmosis process. Further analysis showed that there is a relationship between the normalised driving force and flux behaviour which is governed by the effect of DICP. Additionally, the reflection coefficient was not unity as less than 2% traces of salt was found to permeate alongside with wate.
ENERGY SOURCES FOR COOKING AND THE DETERMINANTS OF THEIR CHOICES IN RURAL AREAS OF TANZANIA

Continued use of traditional sources of energy for cooking in rural areas of Tanzania is associated with human health problems such as lung diseases and environmental problems including soil erosion and air pollution. This paper aimed at determining the types of energy sources used for cooking and the determinants of their choices in rural areas of Tanzania. Cross-sectional survey research design through questionnaires was used to collect data from 384 heads of households from rural areas of Njombe and Iringa regions in Tanzania. Multistage cluster sampling technique was employed to sample districts, wards and villages, while rural heads of households were sampled randomly using the fishbowl method to avoid biasness. Descriptive analysis such as frequencies and percentages were used while Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) technique was used to analyze factors determining choices of energy sources for cooking purposes.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Cymbopogon Citratus Oil on the Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chicks

This study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of Cymbopogon citratus oil (LGO) on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. A total of 250 one-day-old chicks of Ross 308 strain were divided into 5 treatments with 5 replicate per treatment of 10 birds in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments include a control diet (T1) with no Cymbopogon citratus oil (LGO). LGO was supplemented at 0.1%, 0.2 %, 0.3 % and 0.4 % in diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days; feed and water were administered ad libitum. Results obtained revealed that average daily weight gain (ADWG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily water consumption (ADWC) and feed:gain were significantly influenced by LGO (P˂0.05). Highest mortality was recorded in T1 (4.15 %) followed by T2 (1.71 %), T3 (0.50 %), none was recorded in T4 and T5 (P˂0.05). dressing percentage, carcass and relative organ weight were significantly different among the treatments (P˂0.05). There was no noticeable inflammation was observed on the liver, kidney spleen and other internal organs. It was concluded that LGO is rich in phytochemical constituents and can be safely included in the diets of broiler chicks up to 0.4 % level without causing any detrimental effect on the growth performance and carcass of birds.
Revealing hidden diversity in the Sheathia arcuata morphospecies (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) including four new species

Copyright © 2020 The Korean Society of Phycology 213 http://e-algae.org pISSN: 1226-2617 eISSN: 2093-0860 Revealing hidden diversity in the Sheathia arcuata morphospecies (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) including four new species Morgan L. Vis*, Sunil Tiwari, Joshua R. Evans, Rosalina Stancheva, Robert G. Sheath**, Bryan Kennedy, Janina Lee*** and Pertti Eloranta Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA Department of Biological Sciences, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA Environmental Protection Agency, Castlebar, Co. Mayo, Ireland Department of Freshwater Biology, Institute of Nature Conservation, PAS al. A. Mickiewicza 33, Kraków 31-120, Poland Sinkilätie 13, Jyväskylä FI-40530, Finland
β tricalcium phosphate as a bone substitute for fracture healing in goats

The study was conducted on twelve clinical cases of goats having long bone fracture, presented at Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Jabalpur, during the study period. In group I the fracture segment was immobilized by dynamic compression plate whereas, in group II after immobilization with dynamic compression plate gap at fracture site was filled with β tricalcium phosphate. There was a gradual decrease in exudates and pain at fracture site in both the groups from 2nd postoperative day onwards. A significant increase in weight bearing was observed from 7th post-operative day in both the groups of goat. Complete weight bearing by all the animals was observed on 30th day in group II. Radiographic examination on 15th post-operative day, depicted evidence of periosteal reaction on both the fracture segment, almost in all the cases of group II. Radiograph taken on 60th post-operative day, exhibited radiodense area at the fracture site, indicative of extensive periosteal and endosteal callus. The values of alkaline phosphatase increased non-significantly in both groups of goat up to 15th post-operative day. After reaching its maximum values, a decline in the values was observed in both the groups.
FEEDING INJURY TO COTTON CAUSED BY LYGUS HESPERUS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) ADULTS OF DIFFERENT REPRODUCTIVE STATES

Lygus hesperus Knight is a key pest of cotton (Gossypium spp.) in the western United States. Lygus-induced injury is considered to be highly variable, and no clear relationship between Lygus population level and plant injury has been established. A likely explanation for this variability is failure to account for important sources of biological variation among experimental insects. Recent video-based laboratory studies indicated that feeding behaviors and trivial movements differed among classes of adult Lygus of different gender and reproductive state (prereproductive, reproductive and unmated, and reproductive and mated). Therefore, we assessed the feeding injury to greenhouse-grown cotton plants caused by L. hesperus adults of different gender and reproductive states. Cotton plants were grown in single rows within 680-l planters (blocks) to the ‘match-head’ square stage. The experimental design was an incomplete block with gender assigned to blocks and reproductive state assigned to plants within blocks. Individual plants, enclosed within acrylic cages with nylon mesh windows, were each infested with one adult L. hesperus. Insects were removed from the cages after 1 wk. Feeding injury was evaluated by counting the numbers of missing squares and squares with injured anthers. Pre-reproductive adults caused significantly more square abscission and square injury than did reproductive adults, but feeding injury did not differ by mating status or gender. These results are consistent with results of our previous video-based assays, and indicate adult reproductive state represents a source of variation that must be controlled in studies to evaluate Lygus-induced injury to cotton.
A case study wistar rats by implementing Metformin on Clozapine

The medical studies in beyond decade has reported that maximum 2nd-era antipsychotics (SGAs) can reason severe metabolic derangement, which signi icantly upsurges the danger for type II diabetes mellitus. Numerous retrospective studies have provenmultiplied in serum triglyceride in sufferers handled with Clozapine. SGAs triggered metabolic syndrome is characterized via hypertension, weight gain, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Metformin is presently used to extravagance metabolic syndrome and type II diabetesmellitus. It is consequently essential to decide whether Metformin is effective in discussing Clozapine-brought on metabolic derangement like dyslipidaemia. To appraise the impact of Metformin in minimizing Clozapine caused metabolic irrationality like dyslipidaemia. Methodology: Wistar rats weighing a hundred and eighty-240g both intercourse had been divided into three corporations of 6 rats every. Group 1 attended as manipulate, Group 2 Preserved with Clozapine 25mg/kg frame weight and Group 3 Treated with Clozapine 25mg + Metformin 100mg/kg body weight for 30 days P.O. Group 2 and group three were preserved for 30 days. Lipid pro ile of institution 2 rats handled with Clozapine showed dyslipidaemia (TG 103.3±1.7mg/dl, Tc 113.7±1.6mg/dl). Whereas organization 3 rats treated with Clozapine 25mg + Metformin con irmed ordinary lipid levels (TG ninety four.7±1.7mg/dl, TC 102.Eight±0.Eight mg/dl) similar to institution 1(TGninety three.0±2.6mg/dl, TC103.7±1.5mg/dl). This study focuses a non-substantial increase in fasting blood glucose in SD rodentsmanaged with clozapine that was in part checked by utilizing simultaneous organization of metformin. Rodents controlled clozapine af irmed the anticipated abatement in the statement of GLUT2, anyway simultaneous administration of metformin and clozapine for 30 days didn’t show the anticipated standardization of the articulation degrees of GLUT2. This look at investigating the use of Metformin to forestall metabolic unsettling like dyslipidaemias in patients of schizophrenia managed with Clozapine.
Egg Productivity of Guinea ‐ Fowls ( Numida meleagris )

Guinea-fowl egg production has not been developed worldwide. The reason for that is not so much the lack of traditional egg-laying industry rather than the pursuit of higher meat yields of that fowl species, which is considered an indisputable delicacy and what is more, quite useful for human health. However, that type of eggs, in terms of the quantitative and qualitative content of fatty acids, cholesterol, amino acids, and oligo and trace elements, have the characteristics of a nutritional supplement to a much higher degree than quail and pheasant eggs (Nickolova, 2013; Angelov, 2018). Compared to the hen species, guinea-fowls start laying eggs later and have lower egg productivity. Indigenous guinea fowl start laying eggs between 28 and 42 weeks of age, with 15 to 20 eggs being laid each season (Ayeni, 1980). Guinea fowl propagation period in their natural distribution range begins in August and lasts for about two months. Domestic guinea-fowl starts laying eggs at 28-32 weeks of age depending on their breed, husbandry, and environment (Hien, 2002). Guinea-fowl layers could be used for 7 years or more (Ayorinde, 1990). The period of use of the parent flocks, however, should not exceed two years, since after the second production year the number of eggs is significantly reduced (by 10-20% in the second and by 30-35% in the third laying year). According to Ayorinde (1990), the duration of the production period during the first laying year is 38-40 weeks in an intensive production A study on the egg productivity of pearl-gray guinea-fowl from the Bulgarian local population was carried out over three consecutive laying years – 2016, 2017, and 2018. Egg-laying started at 39 weeks of age and the production cycle was 31, 30, and 25 weeks for one-, twoand three-year-old layers, respectively, the average egglaying intensity being 70.11, 44.22, and 32.81%, depending on the fowl age. The following characteristics were established for the three studied ages of the layers: mean egg weight – 41.59 ± 0.13, 42.31 ± 0.12 and 38.49 ± 0.23g; shape index – 76.32 ± 0.19, 76.54 ± 0.15 and 77.96 ± 0.20%; egg yolk weight – 13.58 ± 0.06, 14.03 ± 0.05 and 12.62 ± 0.08g; egg albumen weigh – 49.09 ± 0.13, 48.00 ± 0.15 and 51.35 ± 0.24 g and shell weight – 18.23 ± 0.10, 18.88 ± 0.08 and 15.05 ± 0.65g, respectively. The univariate analysis with least significant difference (LSD) test has shown significant differences in egg-laying intensity in guinea-fowl comparing the different seasons and productive years. The same analysis has revealed significant differences in the morphological characteristics of guinea-fowl eggs during the varying seasons and depending on the age of the layers. Taking into account the significant decrease of Guinea fowl egg production in their second and third laying years under an uncontrolled microclimate of the habitat for table eggs production, it is recommended to use guinea hens for a year for commercial production of eggs for consumption.
Effects of Family and Foreign Ownership Structure on Jordanian Credit Risk Assessments

Across Jordan firms, higher default risks lead to lower levels of firm performance lead to lower credit rating, by reviewing the literature, we find a clear gap in studying the direct relationship between ownership structure and a firm's credit rating, and whether high level of credit rating as result to role this relationship-if it exists-in the Jordan context. Accordingly, the main objectives of this study are to investigate the relationship between ownership structure effects and credit rating This research have a new variables are added that relate to company ownership structure, namely, governmental ownership, family ownership and foreign ownership. Governmental ownership is potentially important for Jordan since it is an integral part of the Middle East and it is close to the focus of attention in world politics and economics. Family ownership is added to the analysis to reflect an important aspect of ownership structure which reflects the cultural environment of Jordan. Foreign ownership is an additional dimension because of its importance to an emerging market, namely that of Jordan. The results confirm that size, Tobin’s q, insider ownership, family ownership and foreign ownership have significant positive relations with credit ratings. On the other hand, leverage, institution ownership and governmental ownership have a significant negative relation with credit rating. However, the study shows contradicted results for block holders relations with credit rating. Second, there is no study-again, to the researcher's knowledge-that investigates the relationship between the ownership structure and credit rating in the Jordan context, although only two studies (Bhojaj and Sengupta, 2003; Ashbough-skaife et al ., 2006) investigated the role of ownership structure and the CR. in addition a new variables are added in this study that relate to company ownership structure, namely, governmental ownership, family ownership and foreign ownership.
Firm Heterogeneity in Production-Based Asset Pricing: The Role of Habit Sensitivity and Lumpy Investment

I study the interaction between lumpy investment and asset prices in both time-series and cross-section. To this end, I work with a variant of habit sensitivity function introduced in Campbell &amp; Cochrane (1999). The model produces 100% equity volatility of data by generating volatile marginal utility under the assumption of non-convex adjustment costs. Second, the model reproduces nearly 100% equity premiums of data because it assigns large weights on precautionary savings and constrained firms, respectively. Furthermore, the model can rationalise considerable size premiums as small firms absorb more productivity risks. Finally, the model matches key macroeconomic moments and the cross-sectional investment rate.
JPPE 23권3호_2차편집(0624).hwp

Background and objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of visitors’positive emotions on satisfaction and loyalty with the perception of restorative environment of a healing garden created in an urban agriculture expo. Methods: The psychological indicators to the images of the healing garden were analyzed by the visitors' demographic variables and the three factors of plant cultivation activity level: plant cultivation experience, plant preference, and plant-related event. Results: Between age groups and occupational groups, significant differences were found statistically. The Perceived Restorativeness Scale(PRS) showed significantly differences between age groups in repose, fascination and legibility. The Positive Affect & Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS) showed statistically significant differences between age groups in positive emotions. In addition, we investigated the correlation between the PANAS and the three factors of plant cultivation experience level, the four factors of the PRS, satisfaction and loyalty. The three factors of plant cultivation experience level, the four factors of the PRS, satisfaction and loyalty showed a positive correlation with positive emotions and were inversely correlated with negative emotions significantly. Multiple regression analysis with dummy variables was conducted to examine the effects of plant cultivation activity level, attention restoration, and the PANAS on healing garden visitors' satisfaction and loyalty. As a result, among the four factors of the PRS, fascination and positive affectivity were significant variables that affect healing garden visitors' satisfaction and loyalty. Conclusion: The results indicated that the higher the attention restoration of visitors due to the fascination of the healing garden and the higher their positive affectivity and the more they have plant-related memories, the higher their impact on healing garden visitors' satisfaction and loyalty. Therefore, fascinating natural environments or greenery landscapes like healing gardens where people can contact plants would reduce negative emotions such as anger and sadness but to increase positive emotions such as pleasure, joy and satisfaction.
MICROALBUMINEMIA IN TYPE II DIABETIC PATIENTS

: Objective: To determine the frequency of microalbuminemia in type II diabetic patients and to compare lipid profile in type II diabetic patients with and without microalbuminuria Settings: Department of Medicine, Civil Hospital, Karachi Duration of Study: From: January 2013 to December 2013. Results: In our study, mean age was 53.18+9.32 years, 43.90 %( n=151) were male and 56.10 %( n=193) were females, frequency of microalbuminuria in type II diabetes mellitus was recorded in 32.56 %( n=112). Conclusion: the frequency of microalbuminuria in type II diabetic patients is higher while the frequency of hypertriglyceridemia ’ s, increased LDL-C and decreased HDL-C in Type II diabetic patients is significantly higher in patients with microalbuminuria when compared them without microalbuminuria.