Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Euryhalinema mangrovii gen. nov., sp. nov. and Leptoelongatus litoralis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Leptolyngbyaceae) isolated from an Indian mangrove forest

Molecular data based revision of Leptolyngbya, the largest polyphyletic genus of the family Leptolyngbyaceae (Synechococcales) is imperative. Polyphasic approach to the taxonomic analysis of two (AP9F and AP25) cyanobacteria, tentatively designated positions in the “LPP-group” is described. Cell shapes of AP9F and AP25 were highly elongated whereas the cells of the reference strains (Leptolyngbya boryana and Nodosilinea nodulosa) were occasionally elongated to isodiametrical. Terminal cells of AP9F and AP25 appeared as flattened corners (not rounded), which was different from other Leptolyngbyaceae members. 16S rRNA gene sequences of AP9F (1366 bp) and AP25 (1408 bp) showed 95% and 92% similarities respectively with the non-redundant nucleotide sequences of their closest relatives of the Leptolyngbya genus. Test strains were located in the phylogenetic tree in a clade different from the ones containing the type species. A single operon having both tRNAile and tRNAala genes were present in the ITS regions of AP9F and AP25 compared to two operons in the ITS region of the genera Leptolyngbya and Nodosilinea: one having both tRNAile and tRNAala genes and another lacking both the genes. The secondary structures of the traditionally conservative D-stem region as well as the Box B helix and V3 regions of the ITS operons significantly varied between the test strains and also when compared with the corresponding sequences of L. boryana and N. nodulosa. Molecular phylogenetic and morphological data suggested AP9F and AP25 to be monophyletic taxa for which the names Euryhalinema mangrovii gen. nov., sp. nov. and Leptoelongatus litoralis gen. nov., sp. nov. are proposed respectively.
Neurocognitive dysfunction among HIV positive patients using International HIV dementia scale

Background: HIV associated neurocognitive dysfunction (HAND) ranges from asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI) to mild neurocognitive disorders (MND) to HIV associated dementia (HAD). Cognitive impairment may impact medication adherence which will ultimately affect morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study was undertaken to evaluate neurocognitive dysfunction among HIV positive patients using the International HIV Dementia scale(IHDS). Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital attached to a medical college that caters to a large number of HIV positive patients. The subjects for this study included HIV positive patients belonging to WHO stage 1 or 2. Data collection was done using a pre tested questionnaire. The International HIV Dementia scale(IHDS) was used to assess HAND. Results: Out of the 101 patients studied, 69(68.3%) were males and 32(31.7%) were females. Among these patients, 88 (87.1%) were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), 84 (83.2%) were in WHO stage 1. 91 (90.1%) patients had HAND. There were statistically significant differences in the gender and educational level between patients with or without HAND. As age advanced the percentage of patients having HAND also increased. Conclusion: There was high prevalence of HIV associated neurocognitive dysfunction among HIV positive individuals in our study. Also there was an increase in HIV associated neurocognitive dysfunction with increase in age.
Influence of Dates of Sowing and Nitrogen Levels on Growth and Yield of Kharif Maize under Irrigated Conditions in South Telanagana Agro-climatic Zone of Andhra Pradesh, India

An Experiment was carried out during kharif 2009 and 2010 at Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India. with four dates of sowing (7th July, 21st July, 6th and 22nd Aug in 2009 and 18th June, 02nd July, 17th July and 02nd Aug in 2010) as main plot and five nitrogen levels (N0: 0 kg ha −1(control), N1:100 kg ha −1, N2: 200 kg ha −1, N3:300 kg ha −1and N4: 400 kg ha −1) as sub-plot in split plot design replicated thrice. In 2009, 21-July sown crop recorded significantly higher plant height (185 cm), LAI (2.489), dry matter (103.7 g plant−1), grain (6809 kg ha−1) and stover yield (6590 kg ha−1), harvest index (47.9), net returns ( 30429 ha−1) and benefit cost ratio (2.08), and was on par with 7th July sown crop. On the other hand, in 2010, plant height (175 cm), LAI (2.464), dry matter (89.9 g plant−1), grain yield (6605 kg ha−1), stover yield (6537), harvest index (47.2), net returns ( 28770 ha−1) and benefit cost ratio (2.01) of 18th June sown crop was on par with 2nd July sown crop. Significantly higher growth, yield, (7778 kg ha−1, 7646 kg ha−1), HI (51.3, 51.7), net returns ( 38502 and 37469) and benefit cost ratio (2.37 and 2.39) was observed with 200 kg N ha−1 respectively during both the years of study. Sowing beyond 21st July in 2009 and 17th July in 2010 reduced the grain yield by 23% and 14% respectively.
Response of small sharks to nonlinear internal waves

Plankton and nekton may respond passively or actively to large‐amplitude, nonlinear internal waves (NLIW), with periods and wavelengths on the order of minutes and hundreds of meters, and the NLIW can cause direct or indirect changes in distribution. NLIW are ubiquitous in the coastal ocean, but understanding the influence of NLIW on organism response and distribution is challenging, because of NLIW unpredictability, short temporal and spatial scales, and the difficulty in resolving the biological response. Measurements of currents, temperature, and shark acoustic traces in Massachusetts Bay were used to evaluate the short‐term response of individuals as well as the mean effects on the distribution of an aggregation of small sharks, Squalus acanthias. In two NLIW events, we detected 527 and 3240 shark traces. Individuals moved up and down in response to the currents associated with the sinking and rising of the thermocline. However, mean distribution deepened during one of the events, suggesting that organisms did not merely move in concert with the thermocline oscillation, but that sharks instead might have responded actively. Measurements of vertical currents and shark's depth change during one of the NLIW events indicate that with downward currents (sinking of the thermocline), the sharks tend to react passively. However, in response to the fastest upward currents, sharks appeared to swim down, supporting an active response in the rising phase of the wave. NLIW and other high‐frequency processes can have a profound influence on the distribution of pelagic organisms, yet their ecological consequences remain largely unaccounted for.
STUDIES ON THE PHYLLOPLANE MYCOFLORA OF OAK TASAR FOOD PLANT (QUERCUS SERRATA THUNB.) AND THEIR IMPACT ON REARING PERFORMANCE OF OAK TASAR SILKWORM ANTHERAEA PROYLEI JOLLY

The aerial surface of Oak tasar food plant (Quercus serrata Thunb.) belong to the family Fagaceae, growing under natural conditions in Umrangso area of Dima Hasao district of Assam , boarding the hill regions and usually covered with large and varied populations of micro-organisms. The Oak tasar silkworm (Antheraea proylei Jolly.) is a bivoltine . Oak tasar food plant (Quercus serrata Thunb.) is a primary food plant of oak tasar silkworm. Its leaves provide a unique environment to their surface occupants and the typical leaves exudates influence the growth and development of the varieties of leaf surface micro-organisms. These microflora play an important role in supplying different types of nutrients to the plants as well as the silkworms.The present study deals with the isolation of the leaf surface mycoflora of Oak tasar leaves in different ages of leaves namely-tender,semi-mature, and mature leaves during the two rearing seasons i.e spring and autumn. …
An Educational Interventional Programme for Prevention and Management of Needle Stick Injuries Among Nursing Students at A Tertiary Care Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh -

Background: Nursing students are at increased risk of acquiring blood borne infections, this is largely due to NSI which they encounter in there every day work. They are frequently unaware of prevention and management of NSI and proper BMW disposal. Objective: To assess and enhance knowledge of nursing students for prevention and management of NSI . Methods: This was a Quasi experiment study conducted at Nursing College, NSCB Medical College Jabalpur (M.P.) among 100 nursing students. A preformed questionnaire was used to assess existing knowledge of prevention and management of NSI, then students were given series of lectures and interactive sessions to prevent and manage NSI then same group was subjected to post intervention assessment. Results: It was observed that 78% respondents suffered NSI was during recapping of needle. Other than needle,86% respondents mentioned of getting struck by stylet of IV catheter, 14% subjects recalled more than 5 incidences of NSI in past 15 days. In post intervention assessment it was observed that intervention made a significant (Wilcoxon signed rank Test Z=6.68,p<0.001)) impact in knowledge of students for prevention and management of NSI. The intervention motivated 5 more students for Hepatitis B immunization. Conclusions: Sensitization of nursing students for prevention and management of NSI is quintessential in preventing these occupational hazards and should be included in nursing training curriculum.
Agronomic interventions for high seed productivity and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

An experiment was carried out at the ICAR- IISS, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, India during winters of 2013-14 and 2014- 15, to assess the effect of seed rate on growth, seed yield, yield attributes and seed quality for wheat crop in split plot design (SPD) with three replications. The genotype HD-2733 had significantly higher seed and seedling traits,viz. germination (97.04%), root length (21.64 cm), seedling length (35.54 cm), seedling dry weight (0.208g), vigour index I (3453.8) and vigour index II (20.19). Among the PGRs, the IAA (Indole acetic acid) significantly increased germination (97.11%), root length (22.19 cm), shoot length (14.19cm), seedling length (36.38 cm), seedling dry weight (0.205g), vigour index I (3534.4) and vigour index II (19.95). The seeding rate (75 kg/ha) produced significantly higher tillers/ plant at harvest (6.76), enhanced the spikelet/spike (19.33). The variety PBW 502 showed significantly higher number of tillers/plant at harvest and number of tillers /m row length at harvest than HD 2733 and PBW 550. The different seed rates (50, 75, 100 kg/ha) were tested, among the seed rate (75 kg/ha) significantly enhanced biological yield, seed yield and economics of wheat seed production. Among the genotypes, the significantly highest processed seed yield (3.77 t/ha), biological yield (11.08 t/ha) was obtained with PBW 502. Among the PGRs, the IAA significantly increased processed seed yield (3.77 t/ha). Therefore, IAA was found more promising PGR for enhancement of yield potential in wheat crops compared to Gibberellic acid (GA3). Higher net return (` 90×103), B:C ratio (>3.0) were realized in PBW 502 at 75 kg/ha seed rate with use of plant growth hormones.
Using Malaise traps to assess aculeate Hymenoptera associated with farmland linear habitats across a range of farming intensities

The intensification of farming practices, along with the loss and fragmentation of semi‐natural habitats within agricultural areas, has contributed significantly to insect decline worldwide including flower‐visiting aculeate Hymenoptera. In this study aculeate Hymenoptera were collected using bi‐directional Malaise traps placed along farmland linear habitats across a range of farming intensities. The aim was to further our understanding of the value of farmland linear habitats to this insect group and in particular the Vespinae, an understudied subfamily. Overall, significantly greater aculeate Hymenoptera species richness was found on extensive than on intermediate and intensive farms. Significantly more species and specimens were collected on the side of the traps adjacent to the linear habitats compared to the side which opened onto the fields. Aculeate Hymenoptera species richness was also significantly greater in dense hedgerows than in open hedgerows. Furthermore, two out of six Vespinae species, Vespula rufa and Vespula vulgaris, had significantly more individuals on extensive than intensive farms. This study highlights that low‐intensity farming practices and farmland linear habitats, especially dense hedgerows, may enhance aculeate Hymenoptera occurrence in agricultural areas. It also demonstrates that Malaise traps set up along linear habitats across a range of farming intensities can make a significant contribution to knowledge regarding the biodiversity value of such areas. Given that selected Vespinae species follow similar trends to aculeate Hymenoptera, the possibility of using them as simple biodiversity indicators is worthy of further exploration.
Effects of probiotics and sex on physicochemical, sensory and microstructural characteristics of broiler chicken meat

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the effects of probiotic preparations Pro-Biotyk Em-15 and EMFarma™ and sex on proximate chemical composition, physicochemical properties of breast and leg muscles, sensory properties (including texture) and microstructural characteristics of pectoralis major muscle in Ross 308 broiler chickens. The study used 48 carcases – 12 from males and 12 from females fed no probiotics, and 12 from males and 12 from females receiving the EM probiotics. At 42 days, the chickens receiving EM preparations had significantly higher WB-shear force of pectoralis major muscle, whereas the leg muscles contained significantly less water and fat and had higher pH24 value. Regardless of the treatment, males exhibited significantly higher springiness, chewiness, as well as significantly lower yellowness (b*), fibre perimeter, horizontal (H) fibre diameter and fibre cross section area of pectoralis major muscle when compared to females. In turn, male leg muscles had significantly higher fat content compared to female leg muscles. The genotype × sex interaction was significant for the content of water, protein and fat, and for electric conductivity (EC24) of leg muscles. Highlights Probiotics did not improve the quality of chicken meat. The influence of sex on the quality of chicken meat was varied.
Estudo da transmissão da imunidade passiva e da mortalidade em cordeiros mestiços de Santa Inês, na região norte de Minas Gerais

A transferencia de imunidade passiva e as causas de mortalidade em cordeiros puros e mesticos da raca Santa Ines foram estudados neste trabalho, desenvolvido na regiao norte do estado de Minas Gerais. A transferencia de imunidade passiva foi avaliada atraves de testes realizados a campo e laboratoriais. As causas de morte de cordeiros ate 90 dias de idade foram diagnosticadas atraves de necropsias. Foram monitorados 69 partos de ovelhas da raca Santa Ines, sendo 38 partos simples e 31 duplos. Amostras de sangue dos cordeiros foram coletadas logo apos o nascimento (hora zero) e 24 horas pos-parto, para a avaliacao da proteina total por refratometria, hematocrito, teste de precipitacao por sulfito de sodio e concentracao de IgG, pelo teste de imunodifusao radial. Foram coletadas amostras de colostro das ovelhas, para avaliacao da densidade atraves do refratometro e para a quantificacao da concentracao de IgG pelo teste de imunodifusao radial. A taxa de mortalidade neonatal foi de 27,8%, com maior frequencia nas duas primeiras semanas de vida. As principais causas de morte de cordeiros ate 90 dias de idade foram pneumonia e complexo inanicao/hipotermia. A mortalidade foi maior no grupo de cordeiros oriundos de parto duplo em relacao ao simples e tambem foi mais elevada naqueles cordeiros filhos de ovelhas com escore corporal abaixo de dois. A qualidade do colostro das ovelhas nao foi influenciada pelo tipo e o numero de parto. Atraves dos resultados encontrados nos testes realizados, houve uma boa transferencia de imunidade passiva. Os principais fatores que predispuseram a mortalidade neonatal de cordeiros foram a desnutricao das ovelhas, principalmente aquelas que tiveram parto duplo, as adversidades climaticas e a realizacao de manejos inadequados para a criacao de ovinos
Energy and amino acid requirements of broiler chickens: keeping pace with the genetic progress

Today's broiler is characterised by faster-, leaner-growth. A large part of this progress is attributed to the genetic selection that had, and continues to improve growth rate and composition of gain at steady pace. As an illustration of such increases in performance, 2.3 kg live gain (slaughter weight) has been reduced from requiring 52 days in 1995 to 36 days in 2017 - a reduction of 0.73 days per year. In addition, meat yield has increased as a proportion of the carcass, being 12% of body weight in the year 1957 and increasing to 20% in 2001 Recent work in 2017 using high density diets has shown to capacity of birds to attain an FCR of 1.19 at 2500 g live BW. Current research suggests that the optimum level of energy may be well below the recommendation by the primary breeders. For example, reducing energy from 100 to 92.5% (around -200 kcal/kg of diet) resulted in only 2 points loss in body weight corrected FCR. Indeed, very recent work showed that a similar reduction of -200 kcal/kg feed in finisher AME resulted in similar, or higher gains and breast yield while having no effect on FE. Published data regarding the balance between energy and protein in feed suggests an optimum AA density between 100 to 120% of breeder recommendations. It can be therefore suggested that today's broiler needs a higher ratio of essential amino acids to energy. In addition to a net increase in the absolute requirement of amino acids, there is an argument for higher dietary ratio of lysine: essential amino acids which will support increased meat production and may better fit modern broiler genetics.
‘Tree demographic performance of European tree species at their hot and cold edges.’

Species range limits are thought to result from a decline in demographic performance because of unsuitable climate at the edges. However, recent studies reporting contradictory patterns in tree species demographic performance at their edges cast doubt on our ability to predict climate change impacts on species ranges. Here we parameterised integral projection models with climate and competition effects for 27 tree species using forest inventory data from over 90,000 plots across Europe. Then, we predicted growth, survival, lifespan, and passage time – the time to grow to a large size – at the hot and cold edges and compared them to the range centre. We found that while growth and passage time of European tree species are constrained at their cold edge, survival and lifespan are constrained at their hot edge. Our study shows a more complicated picture than previously thought with demographic responses that differ between hot and cold edges.
FNAC: A RELIABLE DIAGNOSTIC TOOL IN SOLITARY THYROID NODULE AND MULTINODULAR GOITER

Objective: To assess the role of FNAC for early diagnosis and correct line of management of solitary thyroid nodule & multinodular goiter with dominant nodule. Design: Case Series. Setting & Duration: Surgical Unit IV of Civil Hospital, Karachi from January 2003 to December 2006. Methodology: Ninety patients were included in this study, however in10 patients aspirate was unsatisfactory and in 20 cases surgery was not performed and these patients were excluded from study. Detailed history, physical examination and routine investigations, hormonal assay (serum T3 T4 TSH) and radio-isotope (Tc-99) scan were carried out. Patients showing cold nodules either solitary or multinodular were included in the study. FNAC was performed on all solitary nodules and the dominant nodules of multinodular goiter. Pre-operative diagnosis by FNAC was compared with histopathology reports of the operative specimens. Results: In sixty operated patients histological findings were available for statistical analysis with FNAC findings. FNAC diagnosed 50(83.33%) cases as benign and 10(16.66%) cases as malignant. Thirty cases (50%) were reported as Nodular goiter, 9(15%) as Follicular adenoma, 8(13.33%) as subacute thyroiditis and 3(5%) as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. In malignant group of 10 cases, 2(3.33%) were reported as Follicular carcinoma, 5(8.33%) as Papillary carcinoma, 1(1.66%) as undifferentiated carcinoma and 2(3.33%) as Lymphoma. Histopathology, diagnosed 49 (81.66%) benign lesions and 11(18.33%) malignant lesions. Comparison of Histopathological findings with FNAC revealed two false positive results and three false negative results. For the diagnosis of malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule and dominant thyroid nodule FNAC showed an accuracy of 96.6%, sensitivity of 75%, Specificity of 95.83%, positive predictive value of 81.81% and negative predictive value of 93.81%. Conclusion: Due to its high accuracy, specificity and sensitivity FNAC may play a significant role in the diagnosis and management planning of solitary thyroid nodules and dominant nodules in multinodular goiter.
Minimizing competition between glyphosate-resistant volunteer canola (Brassica napus) and glyphosate-resistant soybean: impact of soybean planting date and rate

Abstract In recent years, soybean acreage has increased significantly in western Canada. One of the challenges associated with growing soybean in western Canada is the control of volunteer glyphosate-resistant (GR) canola, because most soybean cultivars are also glyphosate resistant. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of soybean seeding rate and planting date on competition with volunteer canola. We also attempted to determine how high seeding rate could be raised while still being economically feasible for producers. Soybean was seeded at five different seeding rates (targeted 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 plants m–2) and three planting dates (targeted mid-May, late May, and early June) at four sites across western Canada in 2014 and 2015. Soybean yield consistently increased with higher seeding rates, whereas volunteer canola biomass decreased. Planting date generally produced variable results across site-years. An economic analysis determined that the optimal rate was 40 to 60 plants m–2, depending on market price, and the optimal planting date range was from May 20 to June 1. Nomenclature: Glyphosate; canola, Brassica napus L. ; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr
Inference of population genetic structure from temporal samples of DNA

The recent years have seen a growing number of studies investigating evolutionary questions using ancient DNA techniques and temporal samples of DNA. To address these questions, one of the most frequently-used algorithm is based on principal component analysis (PCA). When PCA is applied to temporal samples, the sample dates are, however, ignored during analysis, which could lead to some misinterpretations of the results. Here we introduce a new factor analysis (FA) method for which individual scores are corrected for the effect of allele frequency drift through time. Based on a diffusion approximation, our approach approximates allele frequency drift in a random mating population by a Brownian process. Exact solutions for estimates of corrected factors are obtained, and a fast estimation algorithm is presented. We compared data representations obtained from the FA method with PCA and with PC projections in simulations of divergence and admixture scenarios. Then we applied FA with correction for temporal drift to study the evolution of hepatitis C virus in a patient infected by multiple strains, and to describe the population structure of ancient European samples.