Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCE AND PATTERN OF SEVERE MALARIA AMONG CHILDREN IN TWO GENERAL HOSPITALS, JIGAWA STATE- NIGERIA

The prevalence and pattern of presentation of severe malaria differ from one area to another, in one age group and gender. A descriptive cross sectional study of children between the ages of one month and fourteen years with symptoms of severe malaria was conducted between July and December 2018 in Dutse and Birnin Kudu Local Government Area of Jigawa State. Venous blood samples were used for parasitological, hematological and biochemical examination following standard procedures. Thick and thin blood films were prepared, stained and examined at x100 magnification. A total of 172 children were considered in which, 73/167(43.7) children had severe malaria. Children less than 5 years of age had the highest percentage of severe malaria (47.1%; 95% CI = 39.5 to 54.7). Hyperpyrexia, prostration, hyper parasitemia and multiple convulsions were the commonest presentations. While metabolic acidosis, jaundice, hypoglycemia and respiratory distress were the least presenting features, no child presented spontaneous bleeding or shock. Furthermore, 21/73 children with severe malaria had only one feature of severity, 32/73 (43.8) had two features of severity, while 14/73 (19.2) of the children had up to three features. Only 4/73 (5.5) children had four of the features of severity. Chi-square analysis showed significant difference (P <0.05) in prostration and multiple convulsions among children less than and above 5 years. The prevalence of severe malaria in less than five years old is high; hence care givers should present symptoms early to the hospital in order to prevent progression to severe life threatening malaria.
Numerical study on erosion of a pipe bend with a vortex chamber

ABSTRACT Abrasive erosion at bend is a common issue in gas–solid pneumatic system. Vortex chamber design is one of the specialized designs that offers promising prospect at reducing erosion. The performance of design is still relatively unknown in the literature. The aim of this work is to study the effect of basic erosion variables such as the flow Reynolds number, the particle Stokes number, and the vortex chamber size. The results show that the vortex chamber always reduces the erosion in comparison to the common radius bend, and it is more effective at higher Reynolds number. Increasing the chamber size reduces the erosion but the most significant reduction happens when the chamber size to the pipe diameter ratio is increased from 1 to 1.25. The chamber size influences the erosion differently at different Reynolds number. Trends describing these effects were obtained through trial-and-error approach. The particle Stokes number has nonunique effect on erosion. Increasing Stokes number through increasing Re increases the erosion while increasing Stokes number through decreasing Rep decreases the erosion.
Health‐related quality of life in Norwegian adults with Fabry disease: Disease severity, pain, fatigue and psychological distress

Health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) is reduced in Fabry disease (FD) and associated with clinical disease manifestations, but few have used Fabry‐specific severity scores to study how disease burden interferes with quality of life. We investigated how the Fabry DS3, consisting of four somatic domains and one patient‐reported item, associates with HRQOL, while also evaluating fatigue, pain and psychological distress as possible predictors. Thirty‐six adults with FD completed the Short‐form Health Survey (SF‐36), the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), the brief pain inventory (BPI) and reported fatigue on a visual analog scale. Clinical data were collected from the last multidisciplinary hospital visit. Using correlation and hierarchical linear regression analyses, we examined associations between demographic, clinical and self‐reported predictors and the SF‐36 physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summary scores. Males scored lower than the general population in all SF‐36 domains (P < .05). General health and social functioning were reduced in females. Before including self‐reported symptom scores, DS3 showed associations with PCS (P = .009). Our fully adjusted model explained 66% of the variation in PCS, where education (P = .040) and fatigue (P = .002) retained significance. With HADS depression score (P = .001) as the sole significant factor, our regression model explained 56% of the variation in MCS. The DS3 score has implications for HRQOL in FD. Low education and fatigue represent major barriers to physical well‐being, while depression strongly influences mental quality of life. Fatigue should be recognized as an important endpoint in future FD trials. Increased efforts to diagnose and treat affective disorders are warranted.
Assessment of suitability of pediatric index of mortality 2 score for monitoring the outcome of pediatric intensive care unit patients and associated risk factors of mortality in a tertiary care center in South India

Background: Pediatric index of mortality 2 (PIM 2) score is an illness severity and scoring systems used for predicting outcome of children admitted to PICU. The objective was to evaluate the usefulness of PIM 2 score in predicting mortality in our PICU, assess whether the model is calibrated to our case mix and to compare the observed and expected death rates by calculating standardised mortality ratio. Methods: It was a prospective observational study done in a tertiary care center from January 2019 to June 2020. Consecutive 120 patients admitted to PICU aged from 1 month to 18 years were enrolled in study. PIM 2 scoring was calculated for the data obtained within 1 hour of admission to PICU. The outcome was recorded as death or discharge. PIM 2 logit score is calculated using software.Results: PIM2 can discriminate between death and survival with area under curve (AUC) of 0.867 with 95% CI (0.729,0.980). PIM 2 predicted death rate was significant (p<0.001). The model is well calibrated with Hosmer- Lemeshow Goodness-of-fit test p=0.961 (p>0.05). The observed death rates are equal to predicted death rates and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) is equal to 1. Conclusions: PIM 2 score predicted mortality correlated well with observed mortality in PICU patients. The model is well calibrated for use in our set up and discriminate well between survivors and non-survivors.
Using deep learning to value free-form text data for predictive maintenance

Past maintenance logs may encapsulate meaningful data for predicting the duration of machine breakdowns, the potential causes of a problem, or the necessity to stop production to perform repair activities. These insights may be accessed using machine learning (ML). However, maintenance logs tend to have imbalanced distributions and rely on noisy unstructured text data provided by operators. Additionally, the limited interpretability of ML models results in human reluctance when accepting model predictions. Hence, this study explored the use of two recent deep learning models (CamemBERT and FlauBERT) for natural language processing (NLP) to harness unstructured data from maintenance logs. The class imbalance effect was mitigated using data-level and algorithm-level approaches. To improve interpretability, a technique called LIME was employed to interpret single predictions and to propose a method for insight extraction from several maintenance reports. Results suggest three key points: CamemBERT and FlauBERT can achieve excellent results with minimum text pre-processing and hyperparameter tuning. Second, random oversampling (ROS) generally mitigates the effect of class imbalance. However, ROS was observed to be unnecessary when performing pertinent data pre-processing. Finally, at the maintenance level, the proposed insight extraction method can provide valuable information from a set of poorly structured maintenance reports.
Characterization of sexually transmitted infections, their pharmacological treatment, and recurrence in a Colombian population

Abstract Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections are a public health problem worldwide. Their inadequate antimicrobial management has been associated with a higher risk of recurrence. Objective: To characterize the main sexually transmitted infections, the adherence to clinical practice guidelines, and the factors associated with recurrence in Colombia. Materials and methods: We conducted an observational study to identify the main sexually transmitted infections, the sociodemographic variables, and the pharmacological management in a patient cohort from a population database of 6.5 million people affiliated with the Colombian health system. We made a multivariate analysis to identify the variables associated with recurrence. Results: We detected 3,158 patients with a mean age of 41.8 ± 14.5 years, of whom 63.1% were men. We found 4.030 episodes of sexually transmitted infections, predominantly urethral syndrome (27.5%). Only 13.6% of patients with urethral syndrome, ulcerative syndrome, or genital warts were managed in compliance with clinical practice guidelines and 20.6% were dispensed condoms; 16.7% of patients had recurrences and being male (OR=1.32; 95%CI 1.08-1.63), <30 years old (OR=1.72; 95%CI 1.40-2.13), being treated in municipalities other than capital cities (OR=1.43; 95%CI 1.06-1.94), and having received inadequate treatment for the first episode (OR=1.93; 95%CI 1.52-2.39) were associated with recurrence. Conclusions: The majority of patients with sexually transmitted infections were not treated in compliance with clinical practice guidelines and those who did not have adequate management had a higher risk of recurrence.
Melatonin/Nanoclay Hybrids for Skin Delivery

Melatonin is a hormone used for treating several disorders. However, its oral administration is problematic due to the variable absorption and extensive first-pass metabolism. The topical application of this drug does not present these disadvantages and can be used for therapeutic and skin protection purposes. The adsorption and release of melatonin in the montmorillonite clay was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The drug-clay interaction products were prepared and characterized, showing a modified and improved diffusion and release of melatonin. The crystal structure and spectroscopic properties of melatonin and melatonin-water-mineral materials were studied by molecular modeling, finding that the adsorption of this drug is energetically favourable, and the results were consistent with the experimental data. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations with the metadynamics methodology showed the release of melatonin from the confined interlayer nanospace of montmorillonite to the liquid bulk water with a 20 kcal/mol free energy barrier.
Long Distance Dual SpO2 Monitoring in Premature Babies Via Bluetooth Communication

Monitoring the baby's health status is very important, especially for babies born prematurely. Oxygen saturation levels in newborns are very important to know because when the oxygen saturation levels in newborns are low, it is necessary to watch out for hemodynamic abnormalities in the baby. Measurement of oxygen saturation levels in newborns can help detect congenital abnormalities in infants early. This study aims to design an equipment system to continuously monitor the condition of oxygen saturation in newborns. Where in this discussion a monitoring tool is used to monitor 2 premature babies in a baby incubator simultaneously using a Neonatal Fingertip sensor. The system will display the oxygen saturation (SpO2) value and signal. Monitoring on this tool is done wirelessly using the HC-05. Based on the results of tests and measurements in 5 different patients with a pulse oximeter comparison, the difference value of 1% in each patient's results was obtained. The results of this study will greatly help facilitate the work of paramedics in monitoring the vital conditions of newborn babies.
A biogeographical analysis of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae)

A phylogeny based on the analysis of six DNA sequence markers (ITS, ndhA intron, rpl32‐trnL, rps3, rps16 intron, and rps16‐trnK) is used to infer ancestral areas and divergence times, and reconstruct the biogeographical history and evolution of 150 of the 183 (82%) species of Muhlenbergia. Our results suggest that the genus originated 9.3 mya in the Sierra Madre (Occidental and Oriental) in Mexico, splitting into six lineages: M. ramulosa diverging 8.2 mya, M. subg. Muhlenbergia at 5.9 mya, M. subg. Pseudosporobolus at 5.9 mya, M. subg. Clomena at 5.4 mya, M. subg. Bealia at 4.3 mya, and M. subg. Trichochloa at 1 mya, each of these with a high probability of Sierra Madrean origin. Our results further suggest that founder‐event speciation from Sierra Madre to South America occurred independently multiple times in all five subgenera during the Pleistocene and late Pliocene. One long‐distance dispersal event most likely originating from Central or Eastern North America to East and Central Asia occurred 1.6–1 mya in M. subg. Muhlenbergia. In our cladogram, members of M. subg. Trichochloa show little genetic resolution, suggesting very low levels of divergence among the species, and this may be a consequence of rapid radiation.
Production and effect of vermiwash and vermicompost on plant growth parameters of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Suriname

Purpose The purpose of this study was to to produce vermiwash and vermicompost using organic waste material and study its effect on the growth, development and yield of tomato plants(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in field condition. Method The experiment was carried out in two phases: the production of vermicompost followed by vermiwash using Eisenia foetida earthworms and the cultivation of tomato plants using the same. In the first phase of production of vermicompost, three types of organic waste (dry grass clippings, dry neem leaves and a combination of dry grass clippings and dry neem leaves) were utilized with three replications. The second phase consisted of a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four treatments and three replications in the field condition. The treatments were control (C), vermicompost (V), vermiwash (W) and a combination of vermicompost and vermiwash (VW). ResultsThe results revealed that the vermicompost produced had a dark color, finely divided peat-like material, with desirable soil odor and a fine smooth texture and an adequate nutritional value, which was confirmed to have good quality. The vermiwash produced from the different vermicomposting bins was brownish colour liquid and had all the essential macro and micro-nutrients. The combination of vermicompost and vermiwash (0.05 kg + 0.05 l) significantly (p < 0.05) resulted in the highest yield followed by vermiwash (0.1 l) and vermicompost (0.1 kg). Conclusion The combination of vermicompost and vermiwash as a bio-fertilizer had a positive effect on the plant growth parameters and production of the tomato plants.
Efficient Inverse Kinematics and Planning of a Hybrid Active and Passive Cable-Driven Segmented Manipulator

A cable-driven segmented manipulator (CDSM) has superior dexterity for operations in confined space due to its light-slender body and redundant degree of freedoms (DOFs). However, its inverse kinematics resolving and configuration planning are very challenging due to the complex structure and strict constraints. In this article, we propose a two-layer geometric iteration (TLGI) method for inverse kinematics resolving and configuration-constrained Cartesian path planning. The computation efficiency is largely improved and singularities are avoided. First, the end-effector attitude is decomposed into a direction vector and a rotation angle. The former and the end-effector position are combined into state variables of the inner layer, and the latter is treated separately as the state variable of the outer layer. Then, the TLGI method enables to rapidly reach the desired 6-DOF pose by two-layer iterations, i.e., the inner and outer loop iteration. Second, during the inner loop iteration, the CDSM is modeled as an equivalent articulated arm whose end-effector position and direction is the same as that of CDSM, but its links length and joint angles depend on the current configuration of CDSM. Then, the efficient forward and backward reaching inverse kinematics (FABRIKs) method is extended to apply on CDSM so that it can fast reach the inner state variables. During the outer loop iteration, three different rotation cases, i.e., the rotating around the end, root, and both end and root, are designed to switch automatically to reach the outer state variable iteratively. Moreover, by parameterizing geometric constraints of the environment, a TLGI-based configuration-pose simultaneous planning method is also put forward to efficiently achieve additional configuration constraints for operations of CDSM in confined space. Finally, the proposed method is verified by both the simulations and experiments.
Optimization of Parameters for Sugar Releasing from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) becomes an increasing problem worldwide; however, MSW contains high lignocellulosic content that can be further processed for the generation of electricity, transportation fuel and other commercially important products. This study aims to explore the possibility of hydrolyzing MSW into a sugar solution, which could then be fermented into liquid biofuels, such as bioethanol. Two commercial cellulase enzymes, Cellic® CTec2, and a fresh prepared fungal filtrate were used to hydrolyse MSW. Results revealed that CTec2 displayed the best hydrolysis efficiency. Use of an alkali pre-treatment on MSW before enzymatic hydrolysis failed to show any improvement in terms of release of sugars, an assessment of the efficacy of addition of surfactants revealed that addition of tween 80 or polyethylglycol had a no significant effect on release of sugars. Results revealed that by increasing the solid liquid ratio the amount of glucose increased, Data generated by this study was analysed using design expert stat program.
When faced with increasing complexity: The effectiveness of AI assistance for drone design

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) assistance tools become more ubiquitous in engineering design, it becomes increasingly necessary to understand the influence of AI assistance on the design process and design effectiveness. Previous work has shown the advantages of incorporating AI design agents to assist human designers. However, the influence of AI assistance on the behavior of designers during the design process is still unknown. This study examines the differences in participants' design process and effectiveness with and without AI assistance during a complex drone design task using the HyForm design research platform. Data collected from this study is analyzed to assess the design process and effectiveness using quantitative methods, such as Hidden Markov Models and network analysis. The results indicate that AI assistance is most beneficial when addressing moderately complex objectives but exhibits a reduced advantage in addressing highly complex objectives. During the design process, the individual designers working with AI assistance employ a relatively explorative search strategy, while the individual designers working without AI assistance devote more effort to parameter design
PEMETAAN TREN BELAJAR AGAMA MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL

Pembelajaran agama menjadi salah satu prinsip kehidupan yang tidak terlepas dari aktivitas manusia. Pada umumnya pembelajaran agama memiliki berbagai strategi untuk mendalami ajarannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pemetaan tren pembelajaran agama melalui media sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif deskriptif pada responden yang berusia 19-25 tahun. Responden berjumlah 39 orang untuk mendapatkan informasi pemetaan tren pembelajaran agama masa kini dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis berbasis triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tren belajar agama melalui media sosial tersebar pada penggunaan media yang bervariasi yaitu; 87,2% menggunakan YouTube, 30,8% menggunakan instagram dan artikel online, 15,4% menggunakan facebook, selebihnya menggunakan media yang lainnya seperti WhatsApp dan Tiktok. Berdasarkan temuan, maka tren belajar agama telah beralih dari sistem tradisional pada sistem digital. Hal itu menunjukkan bahwa peran media sosial sangat mempengaruhi konsep berpikir dan bertindak dalam memperdalam pembelajaran agama. Atas dasar itu, penelitian ini merekomendasikan penelitian lanjutan bagi para pemangku kebijakan di Pendidikan Islam Kementerian agama maupun pada masyarakat umum untuk menguji efektivitas media sosial sebagai media belajar agama.
Does Empathy Attenuate the Criminogenic Effect of Low Self-Control in Late Life?

ABSTRACT The present study investigates whether empathy shapes the criminogenic effect of low self-control in late adulthood. Based on the assumption that the capacity to understand and share the thoughts and emotions of other people moderates the significance of the capability to consider the distant consequences of behaviour on oneself, we posit that poor self-control is less consequential among senior citizens of high empathy. The results of a postal survey of 3,000 randomly selected older adults from Germany indicate that both low trait self-control and weak trait empathy increase offending in advanced age. Furthermore, the findings provide evidence of an interaction according to which the relationship between the risk-taking component of the self-control trait and criminal activity is stronger for older adults characterised by low empathy. Impulsivity, on the other hand, seems to mediate the association of empathy and offending in late life.
Negation and Pronoun Position as a way of investigating verb movement and the emergence of do support during Early Modern English

This paper presents an analysis of the rise of do support and the gradual loss of verb movement during the period of Early Modern English. The analysis focuses on studying the structures in which do support was first used as an alternative to verb raising to I. It takes into consideration the analysis of the relationship between the position of the negation marker not in negative interrogative structures and the position of the subject and the object pronouns in these structures. The analysed structures are negative interrogatives taken from Shakespeare’s works in the period of Early Modern English. The results of the data analysis show that in most cases, there is do support when the subject pronouns are above negation, while there is no do support when object pronouns appear above negation. This suggests that do was first inserted here to avoid object raising with the verb to I or to C to avoid putting object and subject pronouns in subsequent positions.