Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient removal of heavy metal ions from the water of oil‐rich regions using layered metal‐phosphate incorporated activated carbon nanocomposite

In this study, a metal‐phosphate layered/activated carbon (KMSP@AC) composed of potassium (K), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn) and phosphorous (P) was prepared by the solvothermal method. The proposed nanocomposite was used as an effective adsorbent to remove Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and V(III) from water samples in oil‐rich areas prior to ICP‐OES analysis. The KMSP@AC was fully characterized using FTIR, SEM and EDX. Factors influencing the removal process (pH, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration and contact time) were studied and optimized. The experimental process was evaluated with kinetic and isotherm models. The adsorption isotherm investigation showed that the adsorption followed the monolayer Langmuir isotherm model with the maximum adsorption capacities of 25 mg/g (Cd2+), 31 mg/g (Co2+), 49 mg/g (Ni3+), 91 mg/g (Pb2+) and 141 mg/g (V3+). The kinetic studies indicated that the pseudo‐second‐order model is well‐fitted to the process with an appropriate correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.99) at an equilibrium time of 120 min. The adsorption of metal ions on the surface of the adsorbent was mainly a physisorption process through electrostatic interactions.
Paper # 1550 All Types Naive and Canny

This paper constructs a type space that contains all types with a finite depth of reasoning, as well as all types with an infinite depth of reasoning – in particular those types for whom finite-depth types are conceivable, or think that finite-depth types are conceivable in the mind of other players, etcetera. We prove that this type space is universal with respect to the class of type spaces that include types with a finite or infinite depth of reasoning. In particular, we show that it contains the standard universal type space of Mertens and Zamir (1985) as a belief-closed subspace, and that this subspace is characterized by common belief of infinite-depth reasoning. This framework allows us to study the robustness of classical results to small deviations from perfect rationality. As an example, we demonstrate that in the global games of Carlsson and van Damme (1993), a small ‘grain of naiveté’ suffices to overturn the classical uniqueness results in that literature. ∗Department of Management and Economics, Open University of Israel. E-mail: aviadhe@openu.ac. il. Phone: +972-9-778-1878. †Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University. E-mail: w-kets@kellogg.northwestern. edu. Phone: +1-505-204 8012.
Phrasal Stress and Syntax

0. Introduction. 1. The relation between phrasal prominence and the focus structure of the sentence. 2. Phrasal prominence and i-focus in Germanic. 2.1. The Classic View (Chomsky 1971, Jackendoff 1972). 2.2. Some general remarks on the NSR. 2.2.1. The algorithm. 2.2.2. Secondary stress and eurhythmicity. 2.3. Cases not covered by the Classical View: in search of a new generalization. 2.3. 1. Wide i-focus structures. 2.3. 2. The narrow i-focus structures. 2.4. Cinque 1993. 2.5. Zubizarreta 1998. 2.5. 1. Some assumptions and a revision of the NSR. 2.5. 2. The basic examples. 2.5. 3. Beyond the basic examples: the cases of narrow i-focus.
Access to Local Agriculture and Weight Outcomes

Recent studies examine the impact of the built environment on health outcomes such as obesity. Several studies find for certain populations that access to unhealthy food has a positive effect on obesity, whereas access to healthy choices has a negative effect. Given the growth and popularity of locally grown food, we examine how individual weight outcomes are affected by access to direct-to-consumer local food. After controlling for potential endogeneity, we find that greater access to local food has a negative association with individual weight outcomes. We also find a negative association with greater weight loss over a one-year period. These results provide evidence that local food access can have potential indirect benefits.
Lifetimes of Relativistic Electrons as Determined From Plasmaspheric Hiss Scattering Rates Statistics: Effects of ωpe/Ωce and Wave Frequency Dependence on Geomagnetic Activity

Whistler‐mode hiss waves generally determine MeV electron lifetimes inside the plasmasphere. We use Van Allen Probes measurements to provide the first comprehensive statistical survey of plasmaspheric hiss‐driven quasi‐linear pitch‐angle diffusion rates and lifetimes of MeV electrons as a function of L*, local time, and AE index, taking into account hiss power, electron plasma frequency to gyrofrequency ratio ωpe/Ωce, hiss frequency at peak power ωm, and cross correlations of these parameters. We find that during geomagnetically active periods with hiss observations, ωpe/Ωce and ωm decrease, leading to faster electron loss. We demonstrate that spatiotemporal variations of ωm and ωpe/Ωce with AE, together with wave power changes, significantly affect MeV electron loss, potentially leading to short lifetimes of less than 1 day. A parametric model of MeV electron lifetime driven by AE for L > 2.5 up to the plasmapause is developed and validated using Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) electron flux decay database.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Dietary Supplements: Biological Activities and Sources

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been used as dietary supplements for quite some time with various health claims. Major dietary PUFAs are classified as omega-3 and omega-6 based on their structure, and these fatty acids are considered essential nutrients. The two classes of PUFAs, although structurally similar, present different biological activities that can be beneficial or detrimental to humans. Some of these biological activities have been known for a long time, while others are emerging from the plethora of dietary studies done on PUFAs. Yet many of the health claims for PUFAs are still debated, with the findings being conflicting. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the biological activities of PUFAs and discusses the dietary sources available. In light of new dietary recommendations, PUFA consumption is on the rise, so new dietary sources for these fatty acids are needed.
Environmental Management in German Hospitals—A Classification of Approaches

This paper analyzes organizational environmental performance and environmental management approaches in German hospitals. Based on data from an online survey and a subsequent cluster analysis, three groups of hospitals are identified: traditionalists, pragmatists, and environmentalists. The clusters differ regarding their organizational environmental performance, i.e., the environmental management elements adopted (policy, goals, structures, processes, and monitoring) and the environmental issues addressed (energy, water, material consumption, waste, emissions into water and air). The environmental management approaches hospitals adopt range from least to most active. Despite perceived stakeholder pressure being generally low, differences between the clusters can be observed. The most relevant stakeholders are internal ones, i.e., management and owners, rather than external ones. Furthermore, some organizational characteristics distinguish the clusters. This paper adds knowledge in the under-researched setting of hospitals and discusses managerial possibilities for the types of hospitals to increase their organizational environmental performance and to pursue a more holistic environmental approach.
An Improved Skewness Balancing Filtering Algorithm Based on Thin Plate Spline Interpolation

Most filtering algorithms suffer from complex parameter settings or threshold adjusting. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an improved skewness balancing filtering algorithm based on thin plate spline (TPS) interpolation. The proposed algorithm filters the nonground points in an iterative manner. A reference surface that reflects the fluctuation of the terrain is generated using the TPS interpolation method. Accordingly, the elevation difference from each point to the surface can be calculated. By applying the skewness balancing principle to these elevation differences, nonground points can be removed automatically. To verify the validity and robustness of the proposed method, the datasets provided by the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) were adopted. The experimental results show that this presented method can adapt to complex environments and achieve a higher filtering accuracy than the traditional skewness balancing algorithm. Moreover, in comparison with the other eight filtering methods tested by the ISPRS and four improved filtering methods proposed recently, the proposed method achieved an average total error of 5.39%, which is smaller than that of most of these other methods.
Faculty and staff reporting & disclosure of sexual harassment in higher education

ABSTRACT Sexual harassment in the workplace is an overt form of sexism that reinscribes patriarchal power relations within the university. Despite the perception that many people are reporting their harassment in academia thanks to the MeToo movement, we found the problem largely unreported in our sample of faculty and staff at US universities. Little is known about what drives reporting and disclosure behaviors of faculty and staff within institutions of higher education (IHEs). The present study was designed to examine disclosing and reporting sexual harassment in academia, using a sample of (N = 88) faculty and staff from IHEs who experienced some form of unwanted sexual attention. Approximately 40% did not report or disclose to anyone, and among those who did disclose the harassment they overwhelmingly chose people outside the workplace. The most common reasons for not reporting included not interpreting the event as serious enough, concerns of not being taken seriously, and thinking that nothing would be done. Regression analysis showed that experiencing electronic harassment, but not other forms of harassment, predicted reporting and disclosure. This finding reveals the stereotypes behind ‘the perfect victim’ are alive and well, continuing to limit the ability of victims to come forward with claims of harassment.
Current-induced torques in structures with ultrathin IrMn antiferromagnets

Relativistic current induced torques and devices utilizing antiferromagnets have been independently considered as two promising new directions in spintronics research. Here we report electrical measurements of the torques in structures comprising a $\sim1$~nm thick layer of an antiferromagnet IrMn. The reduced N\'eel temperature and the thickness comparable to the spin-diffusion length allow us to investigate the role of the antiferromagnetic order in the ultra-thin IrMn films in the observed torques. In a Ta/IrMn/CoFeB structure, IrMn in the high-temperature phase diminishes the torque in the CoFeB ferromagnet. At low temperatures, the antidamping torque in CoFeB flips sign as compared to the reference Ta/CoFeB structure, suggesting that IrMn in the antiferromagnetic phase governs the net torque acting on the ferromagnet. At low temperatures, current induced torque signatures are observed also in a Ta/IrMn structure comprising no ferromagnetic layer.
Near-infrared Spectroscopy of Five Ultra-massive Galaxies at 1.7 < z < 2.7

We present the results of a pilot near-infrared spectroscopic campaign of five very massive galaxies ( ) in the range of . We measure an absorption feature redshift for one galaxy at . For the remaining galaxies, we combine the photometry with the continuum from the spectra to estimate continuum redshifts and stellar population properties. We define a continuum redshift ( ) as one in which the redshift is estimated probabilistically from the combination of catalog photometry and the observed spectrum using EAZY. We derive the uncertainties on the stellar population synthesis properties using a Monte Carlo simulation and examine the correlations between the parameters with and without the use of the spectrum in the modeling of the spectral energy distributions. The spectroscopic constraints confirm the extreme stellar masses of the galaxies in our sample. We find that three out of five galaxies are quiescent (star-formation rate of ) with low levels of dust obscuration ( ) , that one galaxy displays both high levels of star formation and dust obscuration ( , mag), and that the remaining galaxy has properties that are intermediate between the quiescent and star-forming populations.
The Effect of METH on Brain Structure and Function 1 Running head : THE EFFECT OF METH ON BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION The Effect of Methamphetamine Abuse on Brain Structure and Function

The great amount of METH abuse all over the world causes enormous social and criminal justice problems. In the human brain the abuse of METH causes implications on both structures and functions given rise to acute as well as long term symptoms. In this essay the effects of METH abuse is described in the manner of the drug mechanism such as the impact on neurotransmitters, structural deficits with decreased and increased volumes and the implication on attention, memory, decision making and emotions. Results from studies showing brain structural and cognitive impairments in METH abusers and in prenatal METH exposed children.
Chapter 2 Cancer Stem Cells — Biopathology with Reference to Head and Neck Cancers

Researchers have proposed that tumor development is based exclusively on the activity of cancer stem cells (CSCs), the so-called CSC hypothesis. This new model of carcinogenesis may offer insights into the high mortality of oral cancer, the poor response to treatment, and the elevated risk of multiple tumors in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Greater knowledge is needed of the molecular pathways that participate in maintaining the stem cell (SC) state in order to understand the mechanisms involved in tumor and metastasis development. This endeavor requires the development of specific markers to identify SCs and CSCs in tissues and to determine topographic relationships with their lineage. This chapter provides an update on the literature related to stem cells and oral cancer, centering on the CSC hypothesis in this context and on progress in the identification of oral stem cells.
Dynamical aspects of nanoparticle formation by wire explosion process

Copper nanoparticles (NPs) were produced by wire explosion process (WEP) and it was noted that the amount of energy (E) deposited on the wire and the ambient pressure play a major role on the size of particles formed. Dynamic diffusion and condensation processes of NPs formation by WEP were modelled. Calculations of critical size of embryo, activation energy and nucleation rate of the formation of NPs in WEP were made considering classical homogeneous nucleation theory. Decrease in critical size of nuclei and activation energy, increase in nucleation rate with high E (540 J) and low operating pressure (10 kPa) confirm the formation of small size NPs (26 nm). Different cooling rates due to unsymmetrical shape of the vapour cloud has been identified as the cause for generating mixed particle sizes. The qualitative analysis conducted in this work validates the obtained experimental results and can be used as a design tool for industrial apparatus to produce NPs in bulk.
Title Financial Frictions , Trends , and the Great Recession

We study the causes behind the shift in the U.S. economyís trend following the Great Recession. To this end, we propose a model featuring endogenous productivity · la Romer and a Önancial friction · la Kiyotaki-Moore. Adverse Önancial disturbances during the recession and the lack of strong tailwinds post crisis resulted in a severe contraction and the downward shift in the economyís trend. Had Önancial conditions remained stable during the crisis, the economy would have grown at its average growth rate. From a historical perspective, the Great Recession was unique because of the size and persistence of adverse shocks, and the lackluster performance of favorable shocks since 2010.
Motivations for Attendance At Community Festivals

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors that that motivate people to attend community festivals. It is important to come up with the different factors that drive people to attend. In this way, the organisers would plan ahead to target more people to attend by fulfilling their needs and demands, sometimes through customization, in order not only to satisfy but delight them because delighted people are more likely to attend in the following years finally becoming loyal visitors of such festivals. In this research, Streatham festival was used as a case study and primary research was conducted by means of a survey of 100 visitors to the festival. The results were analysed using the Factor Analysis, ANOVA and ttests. Four most important components were derived from the Factor Analysis which are: family togetherness, relaxation, curiosity, and exploration. The relaxation factor was the most significant. In addition, statistical tests conducted confirmed the reliability of the study. Also, there were no demographic factors playing any vital role on attendees.
Measurement of the Decays $\boldsymbol{B\to\eta\ell\nu_\ell}$ and $\boldsymbol{B\to\eta^\prime\ell\nu_\ell}$ in Fully Reconstructed Events at Belle

We report branching fraction measurements of the decays $B^+\to\eta\ell^+\nu_\ell$ and $B^+\to\eta^\prime\ell^+\nu_\ell$ based on 711~fb$^{-1}$ of data collected near the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle experiment at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. This data sample contains 772 million $B\bar B$~events. One of the two $B$~mesons is fully reconstructed in a hadronic decay mode. Among the remaining ("signal-$B$") daughters, we search for the $\eta$~meson in two decay channels, $\eta\to\gamma\gamma$ and $\eta\to\pi^+\pi^-\pi^0$, and reconstruct the $\eta^{\prime}$~meson in $\eta^\prime\to\eta\pi^+\pi^-$ with subsequent decay of the $\eta$ into $\gamma\gamma$. Combining the two $\eta$ modes and using an extended maximum likelihood, the $B^+\to\eta\ell^+\nu_\ell$ branching fraction is measured to be $(4.2\pm 1.1 (\rm stat.)\pm 0.3 (\rm syst.))\times 10^{-5}$. For $B^+\to\eta^\prime\ell^+\nu_\ell$, we observe no significant signal and set an upper limit of $0.72\times 10^{-4}$ at 90\% confidence level.
Optimism or pessimism? A composite view on English living standards during the Industrial Revolution

This article examines the evolution of English living standards during the early phase of industrialization (1760–1850). We take a multi-dimensional perspective and apply an indicator that combines four key dimensions of well-being: material living standards, health, working time, and inequality. Contrary to other composite measures of well-being, our welfare metric draws on standard economic theory to aggregate its underlying components. We find decreasing welfare during the late eighteenth century due to rising working time and income inequality, despite improving health. After 1800, workers’ conditions improved when real wages started to rise, although the cumulative effect was not substantial by 1850.
Developing EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension Through Computerized Dynamic Assessment

Abstract This study, besides focusing on the applicability of computer-mediated Dynamic Assessment (DA), attempts to investigate the impacts of mediation provision in three different, albeit related, manners, that is, through computer, human, and mixture of both human and computer, on reading comprehension of L2 learners. In this mixed-methods study, a total of 20 students were purposively assigned to three groups. To collect the data, DIALANG as a placement test, two researcher-made software programs, and the researcher as a rater were used. For the qualitative part, the transcripts provided a rich analysis of the dialogic interactions between the mediator and the learners. As for the quantitative part, using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), the posttest results were indicative of less mediation use and more non-mediated scores which were obtained through Non-Dynamic Assessment (NDA). Moreover, comparing the results of the human-only type (HO group) and computer-only type (CO group) revealed no statistical difference (p > .05), which is indicative of the fact that both types of mediations had a similar influence on the learners’ reading comprehension. The results also indicated the effectiveness of the type of mediation which is offered through computers while a human mediator is present as well.
Transmission of monetary policy and exchange rate shocks under foreign currency lending

Abstract This paper analyses the differences in reaction of domestic and foreign currency lending to monetary and exchange rate shocks, using a panel VAR model estimated for the three biggest Central and Eastern European countries (Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary). Our results point toward a drop in domestic currency loans and an increase of foreign currency credit in reaction to monetary policy tightening in Poland and Hungary, suggesting that the presence of foreign currency debt weakens the transmission of monetary policy. A currency depreciation shock leads to an initial decline in foreign currency lending, but also in loans denominated in domestic currency as central banks react to a weaker exchange rate by increasing the interest rates. However, after several quarters, credit in foreign currency accelerates, indicating that borrowers start using it to substitute for depressed domestic currency lending.
Factors leading to design changes in Jordanian construction projects

PurposeThe problem of design changes in the construction industry is common worldwide, and the Jordanian market is no exception. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors causing design changes in construction projects in Jordan in both the public and private sectors. Furthermore, this research will examine the effect of these factors on project's performance during the construction phase.Design/methodology/approachThis research commences by identifying the factors causing design changes in construction projects worldwide through an intensive literature review. The identified factors were then filtered to those applicable to the Jordanian construction market based on the results obtained from a questionnaire survey and real case construction projects. In total, 252 professionals from the Jordanian construction industry and 10 completed and/or ongoing construction projects in different parts of Jordan were compared.FindingsThe results find that the top major factors affecting design changes are owner's requirements; design errors and omissions and value engineering. The research also studies and documents the impacts of design changes on project cost, schedule and quality.Originality/valueThe results obtained from this research will assist the construction professionals representing owners, consultants and contractors in applying control measures to minimize the occurrence of the identified factors causing design changes and to mitigate their sever impacts on projects in terms of cost, schedule and quality.