Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of chemical nature on the corrosion behaviour of some dental alloys in Fusayama-Meyer artificial saliva

The paper presents the influence of chemical nature on the corrosion of dental alloys in Fusayama - Meyer artificial saliva with fluoride ions content, at human body temperature (37°C). From evolution of open-circuit potential/time and polarization curves, as well as by processing Nyquist and Bode impedance plots, it was concluded that the biocompatibility of dental alloys depends mainly on the occurence of passivating film. Better electrochemical parameters were obtained for greater Cr content in the non-noble alloy. By adding of fluoride ions, the passive film was also developed, whereas the corrosion resistance is diminished.
Crystal structure refinement of α‐Si3N4 using synchrotron radiation powder diffraction data: unbiased refinement strategy

The crystal structure of α-silicon nitride (Si3N4) was refined by the Rietveld method using synchrotron radiation powder diffraction data (wavelength = 1.2 A) collected at station BL-4B2 in the Photon Factory. A refinement procedure that adopted a new weight function, w = 1/Y_o^e (Yo is the observed profile intensity and e ≃ 2), for the least-squares fitting [Toraya (1998). J. Appl. Cryst. 31, 333–343] was studied. The most reasonable structural parameters were obtained with e = 1.7. Crystal data of α-Si3N4: trigonal, P31c, a = 7.75193 (3), c = 5.61949 (4) A, V = 292.447 (3) A3, Z = 4; Rp = 5.08, Rwp = 6.50, RB = 3.36, RF = 2.26%. The following five factors are considered equally important for deriving accurate structural parameters from powder diffraction data: (i) sufficiently large sin θ/λ range of >0.8 A−1; (ii) adequate counting statistics; (iii) correct profile model; (iv) proper weighting on observations to give a uniform distribution of the mean weighted squared residuals; (v) high-angular-resolution powder diffraction data.
CO-INOCULATION OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) WITH ACTINOMYCETES AND BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM ENHANCES PLANT GROWTH, NITROGENASE ACTIVITY AND PLANT NUTRITION

The aim of this study was to determine the potential of the endophytic actinomycetes that produce plant growth promoters used as co-inoculants with Bradyrhizobium japonicum to promote the growth of soybean. These endophytes exhibited the potential to enhance plant growth, nitrogenase activity of root nodules and plant nutrient uptake. Co-inoculum of B. japonicum with Nocardia alba conferred the maximum yield of root and shoot dry weight. All single-inoculated actinomycetes strains had the ability to enhance plant growth. Noc. alba and Nonomuraea rubra increased total plant dry weight up to 2.14-fold and 2.11-fold, respectively, when compared to the uninoculated controls. Co-inoculations of B. japonicum with each of Noc. alba, Non. Rubra, and Actinomadura glauciflava increased acetylene reduction activity up to 1.7 to 2.7-fold. For plant mineral composition, all of co-inoculation treatments significantly increased the nutrient levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) within a soybean plant.
Emission sources of atmospheric phosphine and simulation of phosphine formation

Preliminary results on the emission sources of atmospheric phosphine and the types of its precursors in the environment are described. Sunlight plays a more important role than oxygen in its degradation. The vertical profile of phosphine levels in ambient air has been measured. Laboratory simulation of phosphine formation under anaerobic conditions shows that addition of chicken manure, bone powder, or lecithin leads to an increment in phosphine emission. Phosphine can also be adsorbed to soil matrix and thus can survive in soil and sediment. Adsorption and light degradation explain the low ambient levels of phosphine.
Constituents of the essential oils of Cinnamomum sintoc Blume from a mountain forest of Peninsular Malaysia

The leaf, twig, bark and wood oils of Cinnamomum sintoc Blume from a mountain forest of peninsular Malaysia were analysed by GC and GC-MS. Safrole (23.4%) and γ-muurolene (13.5%) were the major components of the leaf oil. Other compounds present in appreciable amounts in the oil were eugenol, linalool, terpinen-4-ol, α-cadinol, germacrene D, α-terpineol and δ-cadinene. The most abundant component of the bark oil was linalool (23.8%). Sesquiterpenes accounted for 25.2% of the oil with α-copaene, allo-aromadendrene, γ-muurolene and cubenol present in appreciable amounts. The bark oil was also rich in aldehydes where tetradecanal (16.4%) was the major representative. The wood oil was similar to the bark oil in the content of aldehydes but the concentration of each component was different. The oil also contained appreciable amount of acids (27.9%), represented by octadecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid. The twig oil could be a natural source of linalool as it constituted 52.9% of the oil. Other major components of the oil were methyl (Z)-cinnamate and its E-isomer, which were both present at 6.0% concentration. The chemical composition of the oils in the present study was markedly different from those previously reported on C. sintoc collected from two different locations, suggesting the existence of intraspecific chemical races within the species. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relación entre el comportamiento de rechazo a la escuela y el funcionamiento social: un enfoque de análisis de clúster

espanolPartiendo de la heterogenea casuistica que caracteriza a los estudiantes que rechazan la escuela, resulta util disponer de una clasificacion de esta poblacion en conjuntos homogeneos. Para ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue, en primer lugar, identificar mediante analisis cluster los perfiles de estudiantes que rechazan la escuela en base al modelo funcional evaluado a traves de la School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-S). En segundo lugar, se pretende analizar si existen diferencias en las puntuaciones de funcionamiento social en funcion del perfil de estudiante que rechaza la escuela. En este estudio participaron 1212 ninos espanoles entre 8 y 11 anos (M=9.12; DE=1.05) quienes cumplimentaron la SRAS-R para evaluar el rechazo escolar y la Child and Adolescent Social Adaptive Functioning Scale (CASAFS) para evaluar el funcionamiento social. Fueron cuatro los perfiles identificados: No rechazo escolar, Rechazo escolar por reforzamiento mixto, Rechazo escolar por refuerzos tangibles y Rechazo escolar por reforzamiento negativo. El perfil de No rechazo escolar alcanzo las puntuaciones medias mas altas en funcionamiento social, mientras que el perfil de Rechazo escolar por reforzamiento mixto obtuvo las puntuaciones medias mas bajas en funcionamiento social. En general, los perfiles hallados apoyan los clusteres identificados en estudios previos. Las implicaciones del funcionamiento social sobre el rechazo escolar se discuten. EnglishOn the basis of the heterogeneous casuistry that characterizes the students who refuse going to school, it is useful to have a classification of this population in homogeneous groups. For this, the aim of this study was, first, to identify by cluster analysis the profiles of school refusal behavior based on the functional model evaluated through the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-S). Secondly, it is intended to analyze if there are differences in social functioning scores according to the school refusal profiles identified. This study involved 1212 Spanish children between 8 and 11 years old (M=9.12, SD=1.05) who completed the SRAS-R to evaluate the school refusal behavior and the Child and Adolescent Social Adaptive Functioning Scale (CASAFS) to assess social functioning. Four profiles were identified: Non-school refusers, School refusers by mixed reinforcements, School refusers by tangible reinforcements and School refusers by negative reinforcements. The profile of Non-school refusers achieved the highest average scores in social functioning, while School refusers by mixed reinforcements group obtained the lowest average scores in social functioning. In general, the profiles found support the clusters identified in previous studies. The implications of social functioning on school refusal behavior are discussed.
Calcium and Iron Levels in Some Fruits and Vegetables Commonly Consumed in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

Four different fruits and vegetables (i.e. Apple, Egg Plant, Pineapple, Watermelon, Cabbage, Pepper, Spinach, and Tomato) in each case were analysed for their Calcium and iron levels using spectrophotometric method of analysis; From the results, it was found that the concentration of Calcium was highest in spinach (14.30 mgdm -3 ), while iron concentration was highest in eggplant (2.00mgdm -3 ). The moisture contents of the samples analysed revealed that watermelon had the highest mean moisture content of 93.9% and spinach had the least moisture content of 65.8 %.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban air: How chemistry affects the interpretation of positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis

[1] Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured online at an urban site in Beijing in August–September 2010. Diurnal variations of various VOC species indicate that VOCs concentrations were influenced by photochemical removal with OH radicals for reactive species and secondary formation for oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs). A photochemical age-based parameterization method was applied to characterize VOCs chemistry. A large part of the variability in concentrations of both hydrocarbons and OVOCs was explained by this method. The determined emission ratios of hydrocarbons to acetylene agreed within a factor of two between 2005 and 2010 measurements. However, large differences were found for emission ratios of some alkanes and C8 aromatics between Beijing and northeastern United States secondary formation from anthropogenic VOCs generally contributed higher percentages to concentrations of reactive aldehydes than those of inert ketones and alcohols. Anthropogenic primary emissions accounted for the majority of ketones and alcohols concentrations. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was also used to identify emission sources from this VOCs data set. The four resolved factors were three anthropogenic factors and a biogenic factor. However, the anthropogenic factors are attributed here to a common source at different stages of photochemical processing rather than three independent sources. Anthropogenic and biogenic sources of VOCs concentrations were not separated completely in PMF. This study indicates that photochemistry of VOCs in the atmosphere complicates the information about separated sources that can be extracted from PMF and the influence of photochemical processing must be carefully considered in the interpretation of source apportionment studies based upon PMF.
Evaluation of MSW Compost as a Component of Integrated Nutrient Management in Wetland Rice

The potential of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) was evaluated for rice cultivar, IET- 1444, during the wet seasons of 1997-99. Field experiments were conducted at the Agriculture Experimental Farm of Calcutta University, West Bengal, India using MSWC and cow dung manure (CDM), with or without urea (U), and fertilizers (F). Dry matter accumulation was highest with CDM + U, followed, in a descending order, by MSWC + U and F. Panicle length was largest and thousand–grain-weight were highest for F. Application of CDM alone gave 30% higher grain yield over MSWC but the latter, along with urea, increased grain yield by 49% over MSWC alone. Uptake of N by straw and grain was significantly higher with CDM as compared to MSWC. Percent N recovery was higher when fertilizer in the form of urea was applied with either CDM or MSWC. Uptake of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, and Pb) by straw and grain of rice was lower with the application of MSWC alone than with the other treatments except control. Uptake of Cd was below detection limit. There was no significant variation between the physico-chemical properties of soil due to the application of these treatments. Results indicated that MSWC application to rice was effective and safe to be used as an alternative organic supplement.
The effect of Fe-for-Si substitution on the b-dimension of nontronite

Abstract A survey of 060 spacings of dioctahedral smectites has shown that for nontronites with only iron on octahedral sites, a linear relationship exists between the b-axial dimension and the number of atoms of tetrahedrally coordinated Fe3+ per unit cell containing O20(OH)4. The slope, 0·0497 Å/Fe3+, is steeper than that for the increase in b resulting from Fe3+ on octahedral sites, 0·0377 Å/Fe3+, demonstrating the greater importance of tetrahedral substitution in influencing b. Factors that take account of the number of Fe3+ atoms on tetrahedral sites have been incorporated in existing formulae for calculating b-axis cell dimensions for smectites, but these are usually less successful in predicting b than a new formula involving only tetrahedral and octahedral iron contents.
The role of the basis set: Assessing density functional theory

When developing and assessing density functional theory methods, a finite basis set is usually employed. In most cases, however, the issue of basis set dependency is neglected. Here, we assess several basis sets and functionals. In addition, the dependency of the semiempirical fits to a given basis set for a generalized gradient approximation and a hybrid functional is investigated. The resulting functionals are then tested for other basis sets, evaluating their errors and transferability.
The effect of cage density on laying hen performance, egg quality, and excreta minerals

SUMMARY This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of cage density on laying hen performance, egg quality parameters, blood indices, and excreta mineral concentration. Eighty White Leghorns were housed at 4 cage densities of 2,000, 1,000, 667, and 500 cm2 per hen, corresponding to 1, 2, 3, and 4 hens per cage. Throughout the study, hens were fed a diet containing 2,852 kcal of ME/kg and 18% CP from 35 to 47 wk of age. Hen-day egg production and egg quality parameters were recorded weekly. Blood plasma was also subjected to several biochemical tests. The hens in the treatment having 4 hens per cage had significantly lower (P
Combined Effects of Osmotic Dehydration and Convective Air Drying on Kaddid Meats: Kinetics and Quality

The purpose of this study is to examine beef dehydration during the salting and the drying steps of Kaddid's production. Salting of beef was run at different brine concentrations (15 and 26.5%) and by dry salting. Experimental drying kinetics were measured at three air temperatures (30, 40, and 50°C) and two air velocities (1.5 and 2.5 m/s). Salting method and brine concentration affected water exudation during salting. Salting at the lower brine concentration (15%) allows beef rehydration and dry salting leads to more meat dehydration comparing to salting at saturated brine (26.5%). Drying rate was affected by brine concentration and air temperature. Hence, pretreatment at higher brine concentration decelerates meat drying kinetics. Higher air temperature increased the drying rate of meat salted at the lower brine concentration (15%). For 26.5% brined meat, air temperature effect on the drying rate is reversed. Further, Peleg's model and Jason's model were satisfactorily tested for the description of water loss during the salting and drying process, respectively. Proteins' denaturation due to dry salting combined to drying at different temperatures was investigated by electrophoresis studies of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins. Sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins were affected by salting and less by drying. In addition, no effect was found of air drying temperature on proteins' denaturation. Microbiological and physicochemical characteristics were evaluated for fresh, salted, and dried meat. Drying, when combined with dry salting, leads to higher salt content at the equilibrium and allows more dehydration in the product. The absence of true lactic fermentation after salting and drying was confirmed by the small change in pH and lactic acid bacteria proliferation during salting and drying.
identification of their respective contributions

It is generally considered that there exists in quantum radiation theory an indetermination in the separation of the respective effects of vacuum fluctuations and radiation reaction. We show in this paper that such an indetermination can be removed by imposing to the corresponding rates of variation to be Hermitian (this is necessary if we want them to have a physical meaning). Such a procedure is generalized to the case of a small system S interacting with a large reservoir R and allows the separation of two types of physical processes, those where R fluctuates and polarizes S (effects of reservoir fluctuations), those where it is S which polarizes R (effects of self reaction). We apply this procedure to an atomic electron interacting with the radiation field and we then identify the contribution of vacuum fluctuations and self reaction to radiative corrections and spontaneous emis- sion of radiation. The analysis of the results obtained in this way allows us to specify the physical pictures which must be associated with the various radiative processes.
English weather and Rhine wine quality: An ordered probit model

Abstract This paper analyses the quality of Rhine wine vintages from Schloss Johannisberg over the last 300 years. It draws on vintage lists and transforms the verbal qualitative assessments into five quality ranks. These ranks are related to temperature and precipitation data, using an ordered probit model. Since reliable instrumental weather data for the Rhine region do not exist for the time before 1826, we utilised the English Manley temperature series (beginning in 1659) and precipitation data for Kew Gardens (available from 1697 on). In addition, we used index data for Germany from the historical climate data bank Historische Klimadatenbank Deutschland of the University of Heidelberg. The results show that English weather is a good proxy variable for the actual weather conditions in the Johannisberg vineyards. While Frankfurt weather data yield a better goodness-to-fit, the data cover only half of the observation period. The models show that the biggest marginal temperature effects occur in the months May and September, i.e. during the blossoming and ripening periods. A 1°C temperature increase for the entire growing season will increase the probability of harvesting a top vintage from approximately 20% to more than 50%. Therefore, the model suggests that moderate global warming is likely to improve the quality of Rhine wines.
Translocation process of structured polypeptides across nanopores

The progress of molecular manipulation technology has made it possible to conduct controlled experiments on translocation of polynucleotide and polypeptide chains across alpha-Hemolysin channels and solid-state nanopores. To study the translocation process we combined Molecular Dynamics at coarse-grained level and appropriate drift-diffusion Smolu- chowski equations as an integrated statistical physics approach. In particular, we performed simulations of the passage across a cylindrical nanopore of Ubiquitin described by a coarse-grained native-centric model to investigate the influence of protein structural properties on translocation mechanism. The kinetic characterization of the process is achieved by studying the statis- tics of blockage times, the mobility and translocation probability as a function of the pulling force F acting in the pore. We find that the transport dynamics displays a threshold Fc depending on a free-energy barrier that Ubiquitin overcomes to translocate. Our simulations show this barrier to be the result from competition of the unfolding energy and the entropy associated to the confinement effects of the pore.
Fabrication of depletion-mode GaAs MOSFET with a selective oxidation process by using metal as the mask

The n-channel depletion-mode GaAs MOSFETs with a selective liquid phase chemical-enhanced oxidation method at low temperature by using metal as the mask (M-SLPCEO) are demonstrated. The proposed process can simplify one mask to fabricate GaAs MOSFET and grow reliable gate oxide films as well as side-wall passivation layers at the same time. The 1 /spl mu/m gate-length MOSFET with a gate oxide thickness of 35 nm shows a transconductance of 90 mS/mm and a maximum drain current density larger than 350 mA/mm. In addition, a short-circuit current gain cutoff frequency f/sub T/ of 6.5 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency f/sub max/ of 18.3 GHz have been achieved from the 1 /spl mu/m/spl times/100 /spl mu/m GaAs MOSFET.
Forms and solubility of plant nutrient elements in tropical plant waste biochars

Thailand is an agriculture-based country which produces large amounts of agricultural waste. Making biochar from this waste can reduce pollution, decrease costs of production, and increase C sequestration. The agronomic benefits of biochar are partly derived from the available plant nutrients in biochar. This study investigated the fertilizer value of biochars manufactured by slow pyrolysis. Pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type affect nutrient concentrations and nutrient element speciation in biochar. The physio-chemical, mineralogical and structural properties of biochars made from 14 agriculture wastes (soybean cake, corncob, lemon peel, sugar palm fibre, durian shell, tamarind wood, coconut fibre, coconut shell, bamboo wood, rice husk, eucalyptus wood, oil palm fruit, coffee waste, and bagasse) were investigated. The plant nutrients in biochar mostly occurred in crystalline minerals which were present on the surface and inside the cell structure of biochar. Most biochars examined in this research contained calcite (CaCO3). The presence in biochars of several K-minerals [archerite (KH2PO4), chlorocalcite (KCaCl3), kalicinite (KHCO3), pyrocoproite (K2MgP2O7), struvite-K (KMgPO4 · 6 H2O), and sylvite (KCl)] encourages the use of biochar as a K-fertilizer. Fibre, fruit and wood biochars contained considerable amounts of K, Ca, and P. Sugar palm and coconut fibres also contained high level of Na in halite. This study recommends the utilization of biochars manufactured from sugar palm fibre, coconut fibre, durian shell, and oil palm fruit as fertilizers. With their appreciable contents of plant nutrients in highly to moderately soluble compounds these biochars should be effective fertilizers, especially for use by organic farmers who cannot use any chemical fertilizers.
Mechanistic approach to the sensitization process of aromatic ketones in the isomerization between norbornadiene and quadricyclane.

The quantum yields for norbornadiene(N)→quadricyclane(Q) and Q→N isomerization were determined in acetonitrile using several substituted benzophenones (BPs) as triplet sensitizers. For the N→Q isomerization, BPs with electron-donating substituents exhibited higher quantum efficiency (0.4–0.6) than BPs with electronaccepting substituents. The quantum yields for Q→N isomerization increased with electron-accepting ability of the substituents on BPs, but were lower than 0.1. The rate constants for quenching of triplet BPs by N and Q were also determined in acetonitrile by means of laser flash photolysis. The rate constants for N were not dependent on the triplet energies (ET) of BPs but dependent on electronic properties of the substituents on BPs. On the contrary, those for Q increased with decreasing ET of BPs and with increasing Hammett’s σ constants of the substituents of BPs. Based on these observations an addition-elimination process is proposed for the N→Q isomerization, and an electron transfer proces.