Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conflicting Demands of Chemistry and Inclusive Teaching—A Video-Based Case Study

Almost every country in the world is obligated to implement education policies to enable an inclusive school system. However, implementing techniques to be inclusive in schools is a major challenge to teachers, especially to those teaching a subject at secondary level and higher. Most of the literature concerning inclusive science education was published in recent years, and is more normative than empirical. Teachers struggle to transfer these normative demands to their accustomed way of teaching science. In this study, we analyze conflicts a teacher experiences when teaching a so-called ‘hard science’ like chemistry at an inclusive school. On the one hand, inclusive science education should facilitate participation in science specific learning processes for all learners. This broad perspective on inclusion demands that everyone can take part in everyday classroom life. On the other hand, chemistry strives for the understanding of abstract concepts, theories and models, which forms a barrier to learning chemistry for many people. This paper presents an explorative case study focusing on these conflicting demands. To reconstruct the inconsistencies, we analyzed a videotaped teacher–student discourse on atoms. Using the documentary method, a qualitative approach developed by the sociologist Ralf (Bohnsack et al., 2010). distinguishing between explicit and implicit knowledge, it was possible to reveal the orientational frameworks guiding the teacher’s actions. On the surface level, traditional scientific educational approaches structure the discourse. Reconstruction of the discourse is deep, as evidence was found for a participation-oriented framework as well as for the challenges the conflicting demands of chemistry and inclusive teaching put on teaching. We implicate that future professional development courses must not only concentrate on combining chemistry with inclusive pedagogies, i.e., how to teach, but also on the reflection of implicit beliefs concerning inclusive chemistry teaching.
A 90-day mortality risk model as a support in managing patients undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung cancer

The introduction of the video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) approach for lung lobectomy in the treatment of lung cancer has led to a reduction of postoperative morbidity, length of stay and, in some studies, of mortality when compared to thoracotomy (1-3). The improvement of postoperative outcomes as a consequence of this mini-invasive approach, which minimize tissue injury and immune-stress response, has allowed a rapid diffusion of this technique that is currently preferred to thoracotomy approach in several experienced centers.
Relationship Between Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent Usage and Hemoglobin Variability in Hemodialysis Patients

OBJECTIVE: Anemia is a common problem in chronic renal failure. Recent studies have shown that there is a close relationship between fluctuations in hemoglobin values and increased mortality. Therefore, treatment of anemia and providing stable hemoglobin (Hb) levels with erythropoiesisstimulating agent (ESA) is important in the management of chronic renal failure. Hence, ESA usage and relationship between ESA type and Hb variability were investigated in hemodialysis patients. MATERIAL and METHODS: 130 patients treated at a hemodialysis center were monitored monthly for one year. The mean age was 60±7 years, mean weight was 72±13 kg, and mean dialysis duration was 5 ±2 years (F/M: 64/66). Hb stability was defined as continuous ESA usage at maintenance dosage and Hb levels being at the target level (Hb≥11g/dl) for last 12 months. Hb variability and ESA dose change was accepted as decrease of Hb levels under 11 g/dl during maintenance dosage use and increasing ESA to starting dosage. In our study, annual mean values of monthly prescribed ESA rates, types of ESA and weekly dosages, and changes in ESA dosages due to monthly changes in hemoglobin (Hb) levels were examined. The relation between ESA type and Hb variability was investigated. RESULTS: During a one-year period, the number of patients who did not use ESA (Hb levels always >12 g/dl) was 5 (%3.8) and the number of patients who used ESA for different periods was 125 (%96.2). The mean number of patients using ESA monthly was 71 (57%). 32 (45%) patients used short acting, 31 (44%) used medium acting (darbepoetin) and 8 (11%) used long acting ESA (methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta). 26 patients (21%) used ESA at the starting dose and 45 (36%) at the maintenance dose. One third of the 71 patients (36.6%) were using ESA at the starting dose and two thirds (63.4%) were on the maintenance dose. Mean weekly short acting ESA dose was 9666±2376 IU in the starting dose group and 5400±1142 IU in the maintenance group. Mean weekly darbepoetin dose was 46.6±10,3 mcg in the starting dose group and 26.4±4,9 mcg in the maintenance group. There were no Hb changes in 33 patients (26.4%) but 92 (73.6%) had Hb variability during one year. During one year, the Hb level dropped under 11 g/dl once in 32 patients (35%), twice in 39 patients (42%), three times in 16 patients (17%) and four times in 5 (6%) patients and the ESA dose was increased to the starting dose. Number of monthly Hb changes was higher in the short acting ESA than the medium and long acting ESA groups. CONCLUSION: Our results revealed that monthly ESA usage rate and weekly ESA dosage were lower than in western countries. During the one year period, there was Hb variability in three in four of the patients and ESA dosages were changed. The number of monthly Hb variability cases was found to be lower in the medium and long acting ESA groups. The most important reason of Hb variability was monthly dose change or discontinuation of ESA, due to the limits in the application of ESA.
Using end-user feedback to optimize the design of the Versius Surgical System, a new robot-assisted device for use in minimal access surgery

Background Robot-assisted minimal access surgery (MAS) reduces blood loss, recovery time, intraoperative and postoperative complications and pain. However, uptake of robotic MAS remains low, suggesting there are barriers to its use. To overcome these barriers, a new surgical robot system, Versius, was developed based on the needs and feedback of surgeons and surgical teams. Methods The surgical robot prototype was designed based on observations in the operating room (OR) and previous interviews with surgeons. Formative studies with surgeons and surgical teams were used to refine the prototype design, resulting in modifications to all components, including the arms, instruments, handgrips and surgeon console. Proof-of-concept cadaver studies were used to further optimize its design by assessing its usability during surgical procedures. Results Feedback led to the development of a novel, mobile design with independent arm carts and surgical console, linked by supported serial or parallel connections, providing maximum flexibility in the OR. Instrument tips were developed based on surgeons’ preferred designs and wristed at the tip providing seven degrees of freedom within the patient. Multiple handgrip designs were assessed by surgeons; of these, a ‘game controller’ design was rated most popular and usable. An open surgical console design allowing multiple working positions was rated highest by surgeons and the surgical teams. Conclusions This surgical robot system has been developed using feedback from end users throughout the design process and aims to minimize barriers to robotic MAS uptake. Additionally, these studies demonstrate system success in the surgical procedures it was designed for. The studies reported here, and further studies of the Versius Surgical System, are intended to align with IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term study) Framework guidance.
Prostate cancer detection and characterisation using innovative medical imaging

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer affecting men worldwide. All prostate cancer however, is not equal: some forms of the disease are inert and do not require intervention; other, more aggressive forms benefit from early detection and treatment. Thus, accurate risk stratification is paramount. Inadequacies in the current diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer lead to incorrect risk assignment. Ways of enhancing the diagnostic pathway and improving risk stratification using novel bio-markers are being actively researched worldwide. This thesis focuses on work carried out at University College London (UCL)/University College London Hospitals (UCLH), investigating imaging as a biomarker in prostate cancer. The development of an enhanced form of ultrasound imaging - Prostate HistoScanning (PHS), and the use of multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for prostate cancer detection and risk stratification are investigated. The main body of work: Prostate Imaging Compared to Transperineal Ultrasound guided biopsy for significant prostate cancer Risk Evaluation; the acronym for this is the PICTURE Study, was designed and carried out at UCLH between 2012 and 2014. This research aimed to establish if imaging has a role in improving prostate cancer detection and, if by utilizing imaging in the form of either multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) or prostate HistoScanning (PHS), men with a negative test may be spared further prostate biopsy. Additionally, for men with a lesion detected on imaging, could a targeted sampling strategy afford accurate disease detection and risk stratification. Despite initial promising results, prostate HistoScanning was found to have no role in prostate cancer detection. Multiparametric MRI however, demonstrated high performance characteristics for the detection of disease. It shows potential as a useful tool for men in whom diagnostic uncertainty remains following primary biopsy; it is asserted that it should therefore be used to help risk stratify these men. Moreover, mpMRI targeted biopsy provides accurate risk stratification; and is an approach that should be adopted.
Reconstruction of Local Magnetic Structures by a Modified Radial Basis Function Method

Local magnetic structures in space environments, in particular, those in the diffusion region such as magnetic nulls or separators, are very difficult to identify by satellite measurements but important for understanding of magnetic reconnection. Multi‐spacecraft missions such as Cluster or MMS, however, provide an opportunity to reconstruct the fine structures using vector data of space magnetometers. In this paper, we introduce a method for such a local reconstruction, based on the modified radial basis functions (Andreeva & Tsyganenko, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023217), used previously for the global magnetic field modeling. A principal advantage of this method is its freedom from a priori assumptions on the magnetic field topology. The method has been tested on 21/2 and 3D reconnection geometries and provided a good agreement with preset models. The relative errors of null positions, γ‐line directions, and ∑‐surface normal directions are found to be below 6% even with 20% random errors added to the target magnetic field vectors in reconstruction of 3D separator model geometry. Applications of the method to the field reconstruction based on Cluster measurements are also presented and discussed.
Comparison between dome and wedge osteotomy in management of hallux valgus deformity

Background: the condition of hallux valgus is considered as the most common deformities affecting females more than males, characteristically manifested as lateral deviation of the big toe and widening of first and second inter -metatarsal angle with a deformity of second toe in some severe cases.Objective: to make a radiological and clinical assessment of two surgical methods of osteotomy used in treatment of hallux valgu and to compare between them: first one is the distal dome osteotomy, and second one is a distal wedge metatarsal osteotomy. Patients and methods: a total of 36 feet of 28 patients suffer from hallux valgus, with mean age of 50.3 years were included in this study, followed for 6- 30 months ( mean follow-up of 8.8 months). Nineteen feet treated by dome osteotomy and seventeen feet treated by wedge osteotomy. All the cases were evaluated by the american orthopedics foot and ankle society (aofas) score, also, through the hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle, both before and after surgery. Results: by dome osteotomy, the preoperative mean result of aofas score was about 45.7, with hallux valgus angle (hva) of 33.2o and intermetatarsal angle (IMA) of 11. 7Âº. Postoperatively, the mean result of AOFAS score was 82.8, with HVA of 14. 3Âº and IMA of 7Âº, with about 94.7% satisfactory results. In the other hand, the method of wedge osteotomy showed a preoperative mean result for AOFAS score of 45.2, with HVA of 34Âº and IMA of 12. 8Âº , compared with postoperative mean result of AOFAS score of about 80.7, with HVA of 15. 8Âº and IMA of 7. 7Âº, with about 82.8 % satisfactory results.Conclusions: the two methods of osteotomy were used with very good outcome in radiological and clinical treatment of hallux valgus.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation language mapping analysis revisited: Machine learning classification of 90 patients reveals distinct reorganization pattern in aphasic patients

Repetitive TMS (rTMS) allows to non-invasively and transiently disrupt local neuronal functioning. Its potential for mapping of language function is currently explored. Given the inter-individual heterogeneity of tumor impact on the language network and resulting rTMS derived functional mapping, we propose to use machine learning strategies to classify potential patterns of functional reorganization. We retrospectively included 90 patients with left perisylvian glioma tumors, world health organization (WHO) grade II-IV, affecting the language network. All patients underwent navigated rTMS language mappings. The severity of aphasia was assessed preoperatively using the Berlin Aphasia Score (BAS), which is adapted to the Aachener Aphasia Test (AAT). After spatial normalization to MNI 152 of all rTMS spots, we calculated the error rate (ER) in each cortical area by automated anatomical labeling parcellation (AAL) and used support vector machine (SVM) as a classifier for significant areas in relation to aphasia. 29 of 90 (32.2%) patients suffered from aphasia. Univariate analysis revealed 11 perisylvian AVOIs’ ERs (eight left, three right hemispheric) that were significantly higher in the aphasic than non-aphasic group (p < 0.05), depicting a broad, bihemispheric language network. After feeding the significant AVOIs into the SVM model, it showed that additional to age (w = 2.95), the ERs of right Frontal_Inf_Tri (w = 2.06) and left SupraMarginal (w = 2.05) and Parietal_Inf (w= 1.80) contributed more than other features to the model. The model’s sensitivity was 89.7%, the specificity was 82.0%, the overall accuracy was 81.1% and AUC was 88.7%. Our results demonstrate an increased vulnerability of the right inferior frontal gyrus to rTMS in patients suffering from aphasia due to left perisylvian gliomas. This confirms a functional relevant involvement of the right frontal area in relation to aphasia. While age as a feature improved our SVM model the most, the tumor location feature didn’t affect the SVM model. This finding indicates that general tumor induced network disconnection is relevant to aphasia and not necessarily related to specific lesion locations. Additionally, our results emphasize the decreasing potential for neuroplasticity with age.
Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis: latest developments and future priorities

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to impose a significant clinical and socioeconomic burden globally. In 2015, there were 10.4 million new cases of TB and 1.8 million deaths attributable to the disease worldwide. While there has been significant progress in the diagnosis and management of the infection in recent decades, many challenges remain. In addition to addressing the burden of disease caused by drug-sensitive TB, it is important to tackle the increasing threat of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI). Improvements are needed in both diagnostic tools and therapeutic regimens. This article provides an update on the clinical approach to managing drug-sensitive, drug-resistant and latent TB. The global epidemiology of the disease, clinical presentation and approaches to management are discussed. Future research and clinical priorities are considered.
Consumer marketplace lending in Australia: Credit scores and loan funding success

This article examines borrower acceptance in consumer marketplace lending using a unique dataset from the largest platform in Australia, Society One. Applications are initially filtered through an automated decision tree based on a third-party Veda (Equifax) credit score. At the second stage of assessment, loan applications are underwritten by the platform before being offered to sophisticated investors for purchase. The platform accepts around 11% of completed applications, with around 55% declined by an automated decision process and the remaining 34% by the manual underwriting process. More than 80% of purchased loans were made to borrowers with credit scores classed as ‘Good’, ‘Very Good’ or ‘Excellent’ (the threshold for ‘Good’ being a score of 622). However, underwriters decline around two-thirds of these higher credit score applicants, showing the importance of the underwriting process to the platform’s growth. JEL Classification: G21, G23, D14, D45, D82
Observing electrical brain responses around the nociceptive detection threshold

There is a lack of objective outcome measures for monitoring key neural mechanisms underlying chronic pain, such as central sensitization. Recently, we combined psychophysical Multiple Threshold Tracking (MTT) with evoked potentials (EPs) to study neurophysiological activity related to processing of single- and double-pulse electronociceptive stimuli. Results from pain-free subjects measured at the Technical Medical Center of the University of Twente suggest that the MTT-EP method might be a promising step toward a diagnostic tool for chronic pain patients. A next step is exploration of its replicability in a hospital environment and its behavior in chronic pain patients. We explored the replicability of the MTT-EP method in twenty pain-free subjects (Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI)-score 14.6 ± 8.8) at St. Antonius Hospital. Secondly, we measured nociceptive detection thresholds (NDTs) and EPs from seven failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) patients (CSI-score 49.0 ± 15.5). Preliminary results show values of NDTs and EPs, habituation and paired-pulse facilitation, which are in line with results from the University of Twente. Again, EPs are modulated by stimulus detection and amplitudes. Strikingly, we found higher NDTs in FBSS patients and EPs appeared modulated by stimulus detection, but not by amplitudes. Since similar phenomena in NDTs and EPs were observed during nociceptive stimulation in pain-free subjects at St. Antonius hospital, it can be concluded that results of MTT-EP method can be replicated. Secondly, the observed altered behavior of NDTs and EPs in FBSS patients showing signs of central sensitization allows further hypotheses regarding responsiveness to mechanisms underlying chronic pain.
A new hybrid thermal comfort guideline for the Netherlands: background and development

In 2004, the first adaptive thermal comfort guideline was introduced in the Netherlands. Recently, a new, upgraded version of this ISSO 74 (ATG) guideline has been developed. The new requirements are hybrid in nature as the 2014 version of the guideline combines elements of traditional non-adaptive comfort standards with elements of adaptive standards. This paper describes the new guideline and explains the rationale behind it. Also changes in comparison with the original 2004 version and (some) issues related to performance verification are discussed. The information presented in this paper can be used by others (other countries) as inspiration material for new adaptive comfort guidelines and standards.
Microbial communities associated with sediments and polymetallic nodules of the Peru Basin

Abstract. Industrial-scale mining of deep-sea polymetallic nodules will need to remove nodules in large areas of the seafloor. The regrowth of the nodules by metal precipitation is estimated to take millions of years. Thus for future mining impact studies, it is crucial to understand the role of nodules in shaping microbial diversity and function in deep-sea environments. Here we investigated microbial community composition based on 16S rRNA gene sequences retrieved from sediments and nodules of the Peru Basin (> 4100 m water depth). The nodule field of the Peru Basin showed a typical deep-sea microbiome, with dominance of the classes Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Acidimicrobiia. Nodules and sediments host distinct bacterial and archaeal communities, with nodules showing lower diversity and a higher proportion of sequences related to potential metal-cycling bacteria (i.e. Magnetospiraceae, Hyphomicrobiaceae), bacterial and archaeal nitrifiers (i.e. AqS1, unclassified Nitrosomonadaceae, Nitrosopumilus, Nitrospina, Nitrospira), and bacterial sequences found in ocean crust, nodules, hydrothermal deposits and sessile fauna. Sediment and nodule communities overall shared a low proportion of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU; 21 % for Bacteria and 19 % for Archaea). Our results show that nodules represent a specific ecological niche (i.e. hard substrate, high metal concentrations and sessile fauna), with a potentially relevant role in organic carbon degradation. Differences in nodule community composition (e.g. Mn-cycling bacteria, nitrifiers) between the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ) and the Peru Basin suggest that changes in environmental setting (i.e. sedimentation rates) play also a significant role in structuring the nodule microbiome.
Occlusion Pattern Discovery for Object Detection and Occlusion Reasoning

Despite recent progress of object category detection in real scenes, detecting objects that are partially or heavily occluded remains a challenging problem due to the uncertainty and diversity of occlusion situations which could cause large intra-category appearance variance. To learn these occlusion situations, we propose a novel approach to discover occlusion patterns that cannot only boost occluded object detection but also provide occlusion reasoning. Our approach is based on a classic deformable part model (DPM) trained on fully observed object examples. Each occlusion pattern contains only a subset of visible parts, thus the total number of occlusion patterns are exponential to the number of parts, i.e., $m$ parts will generate $2^{m}$ occlusion patterns to compose an occlusion pattern pool. From this occlusion pattern pool, we look for a small group of occlusion patterns that are: (1) representative patterns that can well explain training examples and (2) discriminative patterns that have high detection performance individually. To select such occlusion patterns, we formulate occlusion pattern discovery as a facility location problem, which can be solved effectively by greedy search. The discovered occlusion patterns are themselves DPMs and can be used as object detectors when properly tuned. They can also be combined with the state-of-the-art detectors (e.g. Faster R-CNN) for improving detection performance and achieving part-level occlusion reasoning. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated on Pascal VOC2007 and VOC2010 datasets.