Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel Thiazolidine-2,4-dione-trimethoxybenzene-thiazole Hybrids as Human Topoisomerases Inhibitors

Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease and is still one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, mostly as the population ages. Despite the encouraging advances made over the years in chemotherapy, the development of new compounds for cancer treatments is an urgent priority. In recent years, the design and chemical synthesis of several innovative hybrid molecules, which bring different pharmacophores on the same scaffold, have attracted the interest of many researchers. Following this strategy, we designed and synthetized a series of new hybrid compounds that contain three pharmacophores, namely trimethoxybenzene, thiazolidinedione and thiazole, and tested their anticancer properties on two breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) cell lines and one melanoma (A2058) cell line. The most active compounds were particularly effective against the MCF-7 cells and did not affect the viability of the normal MCF-10A cells. Docking simulations indicated the human Topoisomerases I and II (hTopos I and II) as possible targets of these compounds, the inhibitory activity of which was demonstrated by the mean of direct enzymatic assays. Particularly, compound 7e was proved to inhibit both the hTopo I and II, whereas compounds 7c,d blocked only the hTopo II. Finally, compound 7e was responsible for MCF-7 cell death by apoptosis. The reported results are promising for the further design and synthesis of other analogues potentially active as anticancer tools.
Slow motion for one-dimensional hyperbolic Allen-Cahn systems

We consider a system of hyperbolic reaction-diffusion equations in a bounded interval of the real line with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions and we study the metastable dynamics of the solutions. Using an "energy approach" introduced by Bronsard and Kohn [CPAM 1990] to study slow motion for Allen-Cahn equation and improved by Grant [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 1995] in the study of Cahn-Morral systems, we improve and extend to the case of systems the results valid for the hyperbolic Allen-Cahn equation. In particular, we study the limiting behavior of the solutions as $\varepsilon\to0^+$, where $\varepsilon$ is the diffusion coefficient, and we prove existence and persistence of metastable states having a transition layer structure for an exponentially large time. Precisely, if the diffusion coefficient $\varepsilon$ is sufficiently small, then the metastable states maintains the transition layer structure for a time $T_\varepsilon>\exp(A/\varepsilon)$, and the transition layers move with exponentially small velocity.
URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN CHILDREN WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROME.

Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an important cause of relapses Objective: Study the prevalence of UTI and clinical presentation among group of children NS. Study urinalysis and culture results, the causative microorganism and their sensitivity pattern to 15 types of Antibiotics Methods: A prospective study including children with steroid sensitive NS was carried out in the Pediatric Nephrology Clinic of Al Imamain Kadhimien Medical city and Microbiology Department in Collage of medicine / AL- Nahrain University for the period from 1 st Dec. 2016 –
Measurement of theb-quark fragmentation function inZ0decays

We present a measurement of the b-quark inclusive fragmentation function in Z0 decays using a novel kinematic B-hadron energy reconstruction technique. The measurement was performed using 350,000 hadronic Z0 events recorded in the SLD experiment at SLAC between 1997 and 1998. We compared the sacled B-hadron energy distribution with models of b-quark fragmentation and with several ad hoc functional forms. A number of models and functions are excluded by the data. The average scaled energy of weakly-decaying B hadrons was measured to be = 0.709 +-0.003 (stat) +-0.003 (syst) +-0.002 (model).
Restricted size Ramsey number for P3 versus dense connected graphs of order six

Let F, G, and H be simple graphs. We say F → (G, H) if for every 2-coloring of the edges of F there exist a monochromatic G or H in F. The Ramsey number r(G, H) is min {v(F): F → (G, H)}, the size Ramsey number r*(G, H) is min {e(F): F → (G, H)}, and the restricted size Ramsey number r*(G, H) is min {e(F): F → (G, H), v(F) = r(G, H)}. In 1972, Chva tal and Harary gave the Ramsey number for P3 versus any graph H with no isolates. In 1983, Harary and Miller started the investigation of the (restricted) size Ramsey number for some pairs of small graphs with order at most four. In 1983, Faudree and Sheehan continued the investigation and summarized the complete results on the (restricted) size Ramsey number for all pairs of small graphs with order at most four. In 1998, Lortz and Mengenser gave both the size Ramsey number and the restricted size Ramsey number for all pairs of small forests with order at most five. Lately, we investigate the restricted size Ramsey number for a path of order three versus all co.
Characterization of Leishmania Parasites Isolated from Naturally Infected Mammals

Simple Summary Leishmaniasis is a group of parasitic diseases that affect humans and animals. Climate change and increased travel and migration have contributed to the spread of leishmaniasis in Europe, which may allow the introduction of new exotic Leishmania species or change the profile of known strains. Therefore, it is a priority to continue isolating and characterizing Leishmania strains from hosts. In this study, we analyzed and characterized two Leishmania isolates (NAV and TDL) obtained from naturally infected mammals (dogs). We identified Leishmania infantum parasites, the main agents responsible for the disease in Spain and Europe. We focused on the analysis of growth rate, treatment response, infection capacity, and gene expression, comparing these isolates with the widely studied strain L. infantum BCN 150. Considering that these isolates showed different profiles, both NAV and TDL could be useful for in vitro and in vivo assays that might shed some light on the biology of the parasite. Abstract Leishmaniasis is spreading in Europe, especially in endemic countries such as Italy and Spain, in part due to ongoing climate change and the increase in travel and migration. Although Leishmania infantum is the main agent responsible for this disease in humans and animals, other species and hybrids have been detected. This highlights the need to continue isolating and characterizing Leishmania strains from biological samples of infected hosts. In this study, we characterized the recently isolated parasites L. infantum NAV and L. infantum TDL, obtained from naturally infected mammals (dogs), and we compared them with the widely distributed and studied strain L. infantum BCN 150. Both NAV and TDL promastigotes showed a slower growth rate than BCN 150 and were significantly more sensitive to amphotericin B and miltefosine. Furthermore, the expression of the CYCA gene (involved in cell cycle and proliferation) was significantly downregulated in NAV and TDL isolates. On the other hand, CYC6 (implicated in treatment resistance) and APG9 (related to the recycling of protein under stress conditions and/or while undergoing a differentiation process and treatment resistance) levels were upregulated, compared to those measured in BCN 150. Both isolates displayed a higher infection capacity (>3 amastigotes per macrophage and >70% of infected macrophages) compared to controls (<2 amastigotes/cells and <50% of infected macrophages). Finally, a higher susceptibility to miltefosine treatment was observed in intracellular NAV and TDL amastigotes. In conclusion, TDL and NAV are novel Leishmania isolates that might be useful for in vitro and in vivo assays that will allow a better understanding of the parasite biology in Mediterranean areas.
Separate but Equal: Equality in Belief Propagation for Single Cycle Graphs

Belief propagation is a widely used incomplete optimization algorithm, whose main theoretical properties hold only under the assumptions that beliefs are not equal. Nevertheless, there is much evidence that equality between beliefs does occur. A method to overcome belief equality by using unary function-nodes is assumed to resolve the problem. We focus on Min-sum, the belief propagation version for solving constraint optimization problems. We prove that on a single cycle graph, belief equality can be avoided only when the algorithm converges to the optimal solution. In any other case, the unary function methods will not prevent equality, rendering some existing results in need of reassessment. We differentiate between belief equality, which includes equal beliefs in a single message, and assignment equality, that prevents a coherent selection of assignments to variables. We show the necessary and satisfying conditions for both.
Knowledge of glaucoma among patients of selected health facilities in Ondo state, Nigeria

Background: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally hence, the need for individual to acquire knowledge of prevention, control and appropriate management. This study sought to assess the knowledge of glaucoma among patients of selected health facilities in Ondo state, Nigeria. Methods: This research was a descriptive study. A total of 366 respondents selected randomly from the two health facilities in Ondo-state participated in the research. A self-structured questionnaire was used in collecting relevant data. Data were analyzed and level of significant was at p value 0.05. Results: Out of a total of 366 respondents, females 216 (59%) dominate, the majority were aged between 21-30 years (20.8%). Above half (51.1%) had tertiary level of education. Participants’ awareness (64.8%) and knowledge (49.7%) of glaucoma was good. Socio-demographic profiles had no relationship with level of knowledge of glaucoma. Conclusions: The awareness and knowledge about glaucoma was fairly good among the patients in Ondo state. The study findings stress the need to enhance awareness and knowledge through public oriented glaucoma education. Also, appropriate patient education and planning might positively affect the patients’ adherence to glaucoma medications.
Self-Control and Delinquency in China: Examining the Mediating Role of Thoughtfully Reflective Decision Making

Since Gottfredson and Hirschi proposed the general theory of crime, the direct link between self-control and delinquency has gained strong empirical support. The indirect link, however, remains understudied. Meanwhile, although Gottfredson and Hirschi argued that self-control theory can be applied in all cultural contexts, its generalizability needs to be tested under different circumstances. This study addressed these gaps by assessing the relationship between self-control and delinquency in China and introducing thoughtfully reflective decision making (TRDM) as the mediator of this relationship. Using self-reported data from the city of Changzhi, China, this study finds that (a) self-control is closely related to TRDM, (b) low self-control is significantly related to general and property delinquency for those with low morality, and (c) TRDM mediates the relationship between low self-control and delinquency for those with low morality. We discuss these findings and their implications for theory, research, and policy.
Intergenerational Persistence in Income and Social Class: The Impact of Within-Group Inequality

Family income is found to be more closely related to sons’ earnings for a cohort born in 1970 compared to one born in 1958. This result is in stark contrast to the finding on the basis of social class; intergenerational mobility for this outcome is found to be unchanged. Our aim here is to explore the reason for this divergence. We derive a formal framework which relates mobility in measured family income/earnings to mobility in social class. Building on this framework we then test a number of alternative hypotheses to explain the difference between the trends, finding evidence of an increase in the intergenerational persistence of the permanent component of income that is unrelated to social class. We reject the hypothesis that the observed decline in income mobility is a consequence of the poor measurement of permanent family income in the 1958 cohort.
Optimal focusing conditions for bright spontaneous parametric down-conversion sources

Optimizing the brightness of a spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) source is an important task for many quantum information applications. We investigate the optimal focusing conditions to maximize the number of photons produced in an SPDC process and coupled with single-mode fibers. We provide a general expression for the two-photon wavefunction, generalizing previous known results, by considering collinear and non-collinear emission. We present analytical expressions for our results in the thin crystal limit and clarify the relation between different focusing conditions already existing in the literature. Differently from what was previously reported, we show that the optimal ratio between the pump waist and the generated photons waist depends on the emission angle: It is $1/\sqrt2$ for collinear degenerate emission and approaches $1/2$ for larger collection angles. The role of spectral filters is also analyzed. We support and enrich our discussion with numerical simulations, performed for type-I SPDC in a $\beta$ barium borate crystal. For this type of emission, we also investigate the role of the transverse walk-off outside the thin crystal regime.
Late Effects of Chronic Low Dose Rate Total Body Irradiation on the Heart Proteome of ApoE−/− Mice Resemble Premature Cardiac Ageing

Simple Summary Epidemiological evidence supports an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) at doses and dose rates much lower than previously believed. However, the molecular mechanism involved in cardiac damage after chronic irradiation has not been fully elucidated. Here, we studied the proteome of mice hearts chronically irradiated with a very low dose (1 mGy/day) or with a low dose (20 mGy/day) for 300 days. Changes in the proteome were further validated by immunoblotting, enzyme activity assays, immunohistochemistry, and targeted transcriptomics. The data presented here demonstrate that chronic low-dose total body irradiation induces biological changes in mouse cardiac tissue that resemble the effects of premature cardiac ageing. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CVD following chronic low dose irradiation will enable the identification of target molecules or pathways which may be used in bioassays for measuring endpoints relevant to radiation risk assessment. Abstract Recent epidemiologic studies support an association between chronic low-dose radiation exposure and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The molecular mechanisms underlying the adverse effect of chronic low dose exposure are not fully understood. To address this issue, we have investigated changes in the heart proteome of ApoE deficient (ApoE−/−) C57Bl/6 female mice chronically irradiated for 300 days at a very low dose rate (1 mGy/day) or at a low dose rate (20 mGy/day), resulting in cumulative whole-body doses of 0.3 Gy or 6.0 Gy, respectively. The heart proteomes were compared to those of age-matched sham-irradiated ApoE−/− mice using label-free quantitative proteomics. Radiation-induced proteome changes were further validated using immunoblotting, enzyme activity assays, immunohistochemistry or targeted transcriptomics. The analyses showed persistent alterations in the cardiac proteome at both dose rates; however, the effect was more pronounced following higher dose rates. The altered proteins were involved in cardiac energy metabolism, ECM remodelling, oxidative stress, and ageing signalling pathways. The changes in PPARα, SIRT, AMPK, and mTOR signalling pathways were found at both dose rates and in a dose-dependent manner, whereas more changes in glycolysis and ECM remodelling were detected at the lower dose rate. These data provide strong evidence for the possible risk of cardiac injury following chronic low dose irradiation and show that several affected pathways following chronic irradiation overlap with those of ageing-associated heart pathology.
Characteristics of head-related transfer functions: discrimination and switching between adjacent directions

The spatial resolution at which head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) are available is an important aspect in the implementation of virtual spatial sound. How close HRTFs must be, depends on how much the characteristic of HRTFs for adjacent directions differ, and most important, when these differences become audible. Thresholds for the audibility of variations in the spectral characteristics of HRTFs as a function of angular separation were estimated. Four listeners had to discriminate between stimuli spectrally shaped with different HRTFs but whose ITD remained the same. Results showed that listeners were less sensitive to changes in azimuth than to changes in elevation for several directions. Azimuth thresholds ranged from 4.7 to 17.2◦ and elevation thresholds ranged from 2.8 to 8.4◦. In connection with synthesis of virtual spatial sound, these results can provide guidelines for the spatial resolution required in the spectral representation of HRTFs. In addition, the results may help in the selection of representative locations for HRTF measurements.
Comparative genomics provides new insights into the evolution of Colletotrichum

Colletotrichum is an economically important pathogen with a worldwide distribution associated with a wide range of plant hosts. Characterization of the genomic profiles of Colletotrichum can generate new insights to understand its speciation, diversity, and pathogenicity potential. Although some genomic studies on this genus have been reported, a systematic comparative genomic analysis of the genus has so far been lacking. In this study, we first compared genome completeness generated by secondand third-generation sequencing platforms and confirmed the effectiveness of second-generation sequencing techniques for genomic studies. We then integrated the taxonomic concept of Colletotrichum species complexes into the comparative genomic analysis and depicted the genomic features of 102 Colletotrichum genomes from 39 species across ten species complexes and two singletons. Genome sizes of Colletotrichum species vary tremendously (44.15–109.66 Mb), and the average genome sizes of species complexes are significantly different. Repetitive sequences are the key drivers for genome size and GC content variation. The number of predicted genes of each genome (10,354–17,809) is positively correlated to the size of non-repeat genome sequences. Phylogenetically close strains consist of similar composition of secretomes, however, the number of major components is significantly different between different species complexes. The C. gloeosporioides species complex possessed the most abundant CAZymes, which may be responsible for its diverse distribution and higher pathogenicity. A total of 7,971 putative SMGCs covering 20 types were detected in these genomes, suggesting their immense biosynthetic potential to produce natural products. We further constructed a genomescale TimeTree of Colletotrichum and investigated the evolution of gene families. The result suggested that gene gain and loss are both important for environmental adaption but less useful in delineating species complexes. Our study characterized the genomes of Colletotrichum species from different perspectives, providing insights into the genomic evolution of Colletotrichum species.
Gender Performance in the Kitchen of Indonesian Middle-Class

This paper explores gender performance in Indonesia's middle-class’ kitchen. Gender mainstreaming and gender responsiveness have been on the Indonesian national development agenda since 2000, especially in vertical housing. However, gaps in the publication of the policy's implementation indicate the need for a basic understanding of gender to specify what should be accommodated to fulfil the agenda. Moreover, in previous studies, gender in Indonesia has not been discussed in the context of gender relations within the household. This research answers the question regarding the performance of daily activities that took place in the kitchen based on the actors’ gender. The performativity is influenced by the fulfilment of their preferences based on their household type; consisting of individual, traditional, and non-traditional household types. Each household has its own type of kitchen that will maintain the performativity of the gender.
Mortality due to Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteremia in an Endemic Region: No Better than a Toss of a Coin

The incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bloodstream infections (BSIs) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Little evidence exists regarding the epidemiology of BSIs and the use of appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy in endemic regions. Novel diagnostic tests (RDTs) may facilitate and improve patient management. Data were assessed from patients with MDR Gram-negative bacteremia at a university tertiary hospital over a 12-month period. In total, 157 episodes of MDR Gram-negative BSI were included in the study. The overall mortality rate was 50.3%. Rapid molecular diagnostic tests were used in 94% of BSI episodes. In univariate analysis, age (OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.03, 1.08) p < 0.001), Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.51 (95% CI 1.25, 1.83) p < 0.001), procalcitonin ≥ 1(OR 3.67 (CI 95% 1.73, 7.79) p < 0.001), and monotherapy with tigecycline (OR 3.64 (95% CI 1.13, 11.73) p = 0.030) were the only factors associated with increased overall mortality. Surprisingly, time to appropriate antimicrobial treatment had no impact on mortality. MDR pathogen isolation, other than Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumanii, was associated with decreased mortality (OR 0.35 (95% CI 0.16, 0.79) p = 0.011). In multivariate analysis, the only significant factor for mortality was procalcitonin ≥ 1 (OR 2.84 (95% CI 1.13, 7.11) p = 0.025). In conclusion, in an endemic area, mortality rates in MDR BSI remain notable. High procalcitonin was the only variable that predicted death. The use of rapid diagnostics did not improve mortality rate.