Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars under varying levels of nitro- gen and growth duration in eastern Indo-Gangetic plains

A field study was conducted during winter seasons of 2004-05 and 2005-06 at Patna with three potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars namely Kufri Giriraj, Kufri Pukhraj and Kufri Jyoti, four nitrogen levels (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg/ha) and two growth durations (75 and 100 days) to work out the optimum level of N, efficiency and eco-friendliness. Kufri Pukhraj gave the highest yield (28.7 t/ha) and N uptake (105.8 kg N/ha) and was most effi- cient in utilizing N from soil and applied N (uptake efficiency 0.54 kg/kg N). The increase in growth durations im- proved the tuber yield at higher N levels (160 and 240 kg N/ha). The highest increase in agronomic and uptake effi- ciencies with increasing growth duration was recorded at 160 kg N/ha (42 for agronomic and 0.1 kg/kg N for up- take efficiency). Yield at economic optimum N was normally higher in longer growth durations with higher nitrogen requirement (9.7 and 7.6 t/ha at 81 and 37 kg/ha, higher N for Kufri Giriraj and Kufri Jyoti, respectively), however, for Kufri Pukhraj economic optimum N dose decreased by 22%. Eco-friendliness with respect to nitrogen utiliza- tion both in absolute and relative indices was maximum in Kufri Pukhraj followed by Kufri Giriraj. Net return and benefit:cost ratio was higher when longer growth duration was given, however, when crop is to be harvested early Kufri Pukhraj is the best option.
Effects of biochar and poultry manure on soil properties, growth, yield and quality of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium Schott) grown in sandy soil

ABSTRACT Field experiments were conducted during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons, to evaluate the effects of biochar (B) and poultry manure (PM) on soil physical and chemical properties, leaf nutrient concentrations, growth, mineral composition and corm and cormel yield of cocoyam. The experiment each year consisted of 4 × 2 factorial combinations of B (0, 10, 20 and 30 t ha−1) and PM (0 and 7.5 t ha−1). Results of the study indicated that in both years, the application of B and PM alone, and in combination, improved soil physical and chemical properties, leaf nutrient concentrations, growth, mineral composition and corm and cormel yield of cocoyam. There was a significant interaction effect of B and PM (B x PM) which was adduced to the ability of the B to increase PM-use efficiency and promote better use of the nutrients in the PM. It was found that combination of 30 t ha−1 B and 7.5 t ha−1 PM (B30+ PM7.5) gave the highest corm and cormel yield of cocoyam compared with other treatments. The combination of 30 t ha−1 B and 7.5 t ha−1 PM (B30+ PM7.5) exhibited the highest impact and is therefore recommended for soil sustainability and cocoyam productivity on sandy soil.
Sex cells in changing environments: can organisms adjust the physiological function of gametes to different temperatures?

Over the past decade, hundreds of studies have examined the abilities of whole organisms to modify their physiology and behaviour in response to environmental temperature changes; despite this, virtually nothing is known about the ability of sex cells to adjust to different temperature conditions. In fact, a recent meta‐analysis based on studies of 309 species and 112 physiological and ecological traits found no studies examining the influence of temperature on gamete function. Because sex cells play a critical role in the adaptation and persistence of species, this represents a severe oversight in physiological studies of thermal adaptation. Our study examines whether sex cells can respond phenotypically to variation in the thermal environment that is experienced by the whole‐organism. Specifically, we studied the thermal dependence of sperm swimming and the critical thermal limits of sperm cells in males of the poeciliid fish, Gambusia holbrooki. This species is well known for its ability to modify physiological function and maintains burst and sustained swimming performance and mating ability across a wide range of thermal conditions. In contrast, we found that sperm cells from male G. holbrooki did not adjust their physiological function as predicted by adaptive models. After acclimation of adult males to cool or warm temperatures, we found that the critical thermal limits of sperm function remained unchanged, as did the effect of temperature on sperm swimming performance. However, warm‐acclimated fish had sperm with higher swimming speeds across all temperatures. The absence of phenotypic changes in the critical thermal limits of sperm or thermal dependence of sperm swimming performance is surprising given that whole‐organism traits in G. holbrooki generally show improved performance after exposure to novel environments. As such an inability to thermally adjust gamete function may be widespread among other organisms, we urge biologists to investigate the generality of this result.
Gender and police response to domestic violence

ABSTRACT The gendered profession of police, as well as domestic violence as a societal problem, is central to the discussion surrounding gender and equality and forms a strongly debated foundation of research. This paper presents empirical findings from the associations between gender and police response to domestic violence in Finland. The data is a rare combination of official police data and survey data from frontline police and includes 410 police emergency call-outs. The results indicate that the combination of a male victim and two male police officers is the least likely to result in the recording of an offence, arrest, or referral to support services. Findings are examined in comparison to prior research concerning police response to domestic violence, and implications for policy and practice are discussed. The study raises issues about gender and policing that should also be examined in other countries and jurisdictions in relation to policing domestic violence.
Identifying Innovation Leverage in the University of Indonesia

Indonesia has been looking for a way to improve its current policy applied for higher education institutions, which puts more weight on increasing publications in order to be able to survive in the future. They need to change their practices and behaviors in order to prepare for these future scenarios. One way to do it is by studying directly about the practices done at universities which become sources of innovation. This study is aimed at identifying the sources of innovation variables that have the highest leverage on research social innovation production. The study used a postpositivism paradigm by collecting 117 questionnaires and interviewing 24 informants from the University of Indonesia (UI). A system dynamic was used for simulation through Vensin PLE. The highest leverage to increase the number of publications, but not the patents and social innovations, came from a production loop consisting of UI research grants and rewards. However, the research rewards and grants cannot improve creativity and the innovation ecosystem. The University reward structure which put more weight on research publication output and ignore innovation ecosystem degrades the production of patent, social innovation as well as the teaching quality. Therefore, to set the priority of research publicity in the university the management of the university should not ignore the teaching and innovation practices.
Studies on the stress and thermal properties of Mo/B4C and MoxC1-x/B4C multilayers

A comparative study of Mo/B4C and MoxC1-x/B4C multilayers deposited by DC magnetron sputtering technology was presented in this paper. Using a homemade real-time stress measure instrument, the stress of two kinds of multilayers was investigated. Characterizations of the multilayers before and after annealing were performed by grazing incident and at-wavelength near-normal incident x-ray reflectivity. Experimental results show that after replacing Mo by MoxC1-x, MoxC1-x/B4C multilayers obtain relatively smaller compressive stress compared with Mo/B4C multilayers. The corresponding stress value changes from −0.99 GPa to −0.36 Gpa. MoxC1-x/B4C multilayers have also proven to have better thermal stability up to 600 °C. After repeatedly annealing from 100 °C to 600 °C, Mo/B4C multilayers had a ∼2% decrease in near-normal incident reflectivity, while MoxC1-x/B4C multilayers had a smaller 1.4% loss of reflectivity and a higher stability temperature.
Analysis of the Role of Moderating Socio-Cultural Pressure for Weight Loss and Physical Changes in Obese and Normal Weight Adolescents

Topicality. Obesity is a global epidemic. Obesity is on the rise in developing countries due to changes in lifestyle. The Aim of the Research.This study aimed to compare body image problems and social-physical anxiety in obese and normal-weight adolescents by examining the moderating role of cultural social pressure for weight loss and physical change. Method. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 70 adolescents obese and 72 adolescent girls with normal weight were selected through one-stage cluster sampling from high school students in Mashhad. Data collection and measurement tools included: high-sensitivity portable digital scales, Multidimensional Self-Relationships Questionnaire, Physical Social Anxiety Questionnaire, and Cultural Social Pressure Questionnaire. The groups were matched for education, gender, and age. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software. The Results of the Research. Results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in body image and physical and social anxiety between obese adolescents and normal weight adolescents. The results also showed that high cultural social pressure for weight loss and physical change has a significant role in increasing physical social anxiety. But it does not have a moderating role in the extent of body image problems and physical social anxiety. Obesity and high cultural social pressure for weight loss and physical change are important factors in increasing body image problems and physical and social anxiety. But cultural social pressure does not mitigate the role of obesity in increasing or decreasing body image problems and physical social anxiety. Conclusions. Therefore, it can be concluded that body image problems in obese individuals are more influenced by their body mass and not by the socio-cultural pressure for weight loss and body change.
Resolving the Puzzle of Conspiracy Worldview and Political Activism: Belief in Secret Plots Decreases Normative but Increases Nonnormative Political Engagement

It is a hitherto open and debated question whether the belief in conspiracies increases or attenuates the willingness to engage in political action. In the present article, we tested the notion, whether (a) the relation between belief in conspiracies and general political engagement is curvilinear (inverted U-shaped) and (b) there may be opposing relations to normative versus nonnormative forms of political engagement. Two preregistered experiments (N = 194, N = 402) support both propositions and show that the hypothetical adoption of a worldview that sees the world as governed by secret plots attenuates reported intentions to participate in normative, legal forms of political participation but increases reported intentions to employ nonnormative, illegal means of political articulation. These results provide first evidence for the notion that political extremism and violence might seem an almost logical conclusion when seeing the world as governed by conspiracies.
Marital Satisfaction Is Associated With Health in Long-Distance Relationships

Individuals with high marital satisfaction tend to have better health and engage in healthier behaviors than those with low marital satisfaction. Multiple studies have explored satisfaction–health associations for married individuals in proximal relationships (PR), but no known study has tested these associations for married individuals in long-distance relationships (LDR). LDR is a relationship arrangement that challenges traditional conceptions of romantic relationships and physical closeness. Related, recent empirical work indicates marital satisfaction–health associations may be weaker in LDR than PR due to unique relational and individual factors. The current study tested whether marital satisfaction–health associations are moderated by relational proximity (i.e., LDR vs. PR). We used an adult, married sample of individuals in LDR and PR (N = 293) who completed an online survey on relationships and health. Unexpectedly, moderation results suggested that associations between marital satisfaction and health did not differ by relational proximity. One potential difference emerged: Marital satisfaction was associated with social role satisfaction for those in PR, but not LDR. Simple main effects were consistent with moderation results, except regarding physical functioning. Marital satisfaction was not associated with pain for LDR or PR. Overall, study findings challenge recent empirical work reporting between-group, relationship health differences between PR and LDR. Clinicians can utilize our findings to improve treatment for couples and families in LDR. Future research should utilize actor–partner interdependence models and longitudinal studies to further elucidate the associations between marital satisfaction and health for individuals in this unique but increasingly prevalent relationship arrangement.
Production of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Co-Precipitation method with Optimization Studies of Processing Temperature, pH and Stirring Rate

Iron Oxide Nanoparticle, maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) has received great interest and extensively used in biomedical field. Optimization studies were carried out in the production of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles by using co-precipitation method. Iron (II) chloride and iron (III) chloride were used as precursors which are dissolved in distilled water followed by centrifugation, drying and grinding process in order to obtain dried dark brown precipitated γ-Fe2O3 powder. The effect of different processing temperature (30 to 70°C), pH (10 to 12) and stirring rate (300 to 700rpm) towards crystallite size of γ-Fe2O3 were investigated by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD). Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA), the determination coefficient, R2 obtained was 0.9890 where stirring rate was the parameter that affected the most on the crystallite size. Optimization processing condition that produce smallest crystallite size of 7.3657 nm was 50 °C, pH 11.40 and 550 rpm by using Design of Expert software (DOE). Characterization of γ-Fe2O3 powder samples were evaluated by using different analytical tools such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Iron oxide group (Fe-O), hydroxyl (OH-) group and carbon dioxide (CO2) were identified in FTIR spectrum. The characteristic peak occurring at 2θ = 35.4° indicated presence of γ-Fe2O3 in the samples. The γ-Fe2O3 particles appeared generally in spherical shape in SEM analysis.
Beyond Simplifications: Making Sense of Paradoxical Chinese Values in Chinese-Western Business Negotiations

Previous research has drawn attention to the coexistence of paradoxical Chinese values in modern China, which might influence Chinese-Western business negotiations. In this study, we empirically investigate this phenomenon from the perspective of Western business negotiators. In two interview rounds, 17 seasoned Dutch negotiators were asked about their experiences when negotiating with Chinese business partners. The results confirm the coexistence of paradoxical Chinese values in business negotiations and identify four patterns in which traditional and modern values may occur: random, contextual, transitional, and simultaneous occurrence. On the basis of our findings, we argue that there is a need for Western negotiators to develop a deeper understanding of Chinese culture and paradoxical values from the Chinese worldview of Yin and Yang.
Evaluating the fitness consequences of plasticity in tolerance to pesticides

Abstract In a rapidly changing world, phenotypic plasticity may be a critical mechanism allowing populations to rapidly acclimate when faced with novel anthropogenic stressors. Theory predicts that if exposure to anthropogenic stress is heterogeneous, plasticity should be maintained as it allows organisms to avoid unnecessary expression of costly traits (i.e., phenotypic costs) when stressors are absent. Conversely, if exposure to stressors becomes constant, costs or limits of plasticity may lead to evolutionary trait canalization (i.e., genetic assimilation). While these concepts are well‐established in theory, few studies have examined whether these factors explain patterns of plasticity in natural populations facing anthropogenic stress. Using wild populations of wood frogs that vary in plasticity in tolerance to pesticides, the goal of this study was to evaluate the environmental conditions under which plasticity is expected to be advantageous or detrimental. We found that when pesticides were absent, more plastic populations exhibited lower pesticide tolerance and were more fit than less plastic populations, likely avoiding the cost of expressing high tolerance when it was not necessary. Contrary to our predictions, when pesticides were present, more plastic populations were as fit as less plastic populations, showing no signs of costs or limits of plasticity. Amidst unprecedented global change, understanding the factors shaping the evolution of plasticity will become increasingly important.
Teachers’ Attitudes towards Inclusive Education in Kazakhstan

Introduction. The inclusion of students with special educational needs in regular schools is currently one of the most important issues on the agenda of national and international education communities. A positive attitude of teachers to inclusive education is a factor of its effective implementation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude of teachers to inclusive education in the Republic of Kazakhstan and to determine the factors influencing their positive attitude to wards inclusion. Materials and Methods. The sample consisted of 416 teachers of general secondary schools in the Pavlodar region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Sentiments, Attitudes, and Concerns about Inclusive Education Revised scale feedback form was used. For the processing of the results of the survey, nonparametric statistics (Spearman’s correlation coefficient) and multiple regression analysis were used. Results. A general neutral attitude of teachers towards inclusion was revealed. The experience of interaction between teachers and people with special educational needs does not contribute to the formation of their positive attitude towards inclusion. Educators – people who work in rural schools and are confident in teaching children with special education needs – have the most positive attitude toward inclusion. Discussion and Conclusion. A more detailed analysis of the respondents’ answers indicates the disinclination of teachers to implement inclusive education and the need for special training of teachers to work with children with special education needs that will increase their confidence in teaching children with special educational needs and create a positive attitude towards inclusion. Prospects for the study are to further explore attitudes of subject teachers, special education teachers, and providers of psychological and pedagogical support to inclusion in Kazakhstan and the impact of special training on the attitude of teachers to inclusion. The materials of the article will be useful to researchers interested in the problem of inclusive education, especially its condition in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Improving Accessibility to Intangible Cultural Heritage Preservation Using Virtual Reality

Presentations of virtual cultural heritage artifacts are often communicated via the medium of interactive digital storytelling. The synergy of a storied narrative embedded within a 3D virtual reconstruction context has high consumer appeal and edutainment value. We investigate if 360° videos presented through virtual reality further contribute to user immersion for the application of preserving intangible cultural heritage. A case study then analyzes whether conventional desktop media is significantly different from virtual reality as a medium for immersion in intangible heritage contexts. The case study describes bridge diving at Stari Most, the old bridge in Mostar Bosnia. This application aims to present and preserve the bridge diving tradition at this site. The project describes the site and history along with cultural connections, and a series of quiz questions are presented after viewing all of the materials. Successful completion of the quiz allows a user to participate in a virtual bridge dive. The subjective evaluation provided evidence to suggest that our method is successful in preserving intangible heritage and communicating ideas in key areas of concern for this heritage that can be used to develop a preservation framework in the future. It was also possible to conclude that experience within the virtual reality framework did not affect effort expectancy for the web application, but the same experience significantly influenced the performance expectancy construct.
A Comprehensive History of Regression Discontinuity Designs: An Empirical Survey of the last 60 Years

En este articulo detallamos toda la historia sobre el Diseno de Regresiones Discontinuas (RDD), incluyendo sus origenes en los 60s, y sus dos olas principales de formalizacion en los anos 70s y 00s, las cuales rara vez son reconocidas en la literatura. Ademas, diferenciamos el trabajo empirico en disenos difusos y nitidos, y proporcionamos cierta intuicion de por que algunos criterios basados en reglas producen asignacion imperfecta. Finalmente, desglosamos la literatura por campo economico, destacando los principales resultados, tratamientos y variables de asignacion empleadas. En general, vemos algunos temas en economia que cobran importancia a traves del tiempo, como los casos de: salud, finanzas, crimen, medio ambiente y politica economica. En particular, destacamos las aplicaciones en finanzas como las mas novedosas. No obstante, reconocemos que el campo de la educacion se destaca como el campeon indiscutible de RDD a traves del tiempo, con el mayor numero de aplicaciones empiricas.
Effect of Salinity on the Gut Microbiome of Pike Fry (Esox lucius)

The increasing popularity of pike in angling and fish farming has created a need to increase pike production. However, intensive pike farming is subject to limitations due to diseases and pathogens. Sodium chloride (NaCl) could be a good alternative to chemotherapeutics, especially for protecting the fish against pathogens and parasites at early life stages. However, the impact of high salinity on the symbiotic bacteria inhabiting freshwater fish is still unclear. Therefore, our objective was to analyze the gut microbiome to find possible changes caused by salinity. In this study, the influence of 3‰ and 7‰ salinity on pike fry was investigated. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to profile the gut microbiome of the fish. It was found that salinity had a statistically significant influence on pike fry mortality. Mortality was highest in the 7‰ salinity group and lowest in the 3‰ group. Microbiological analysis indicated that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria predominated in the pike gut microbiome in all examined groups, followed by lower percentages of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. There were no statistically significant differences in the percent abundance of bacterial taxa between the control group and groups with a higher salinity. Our results suggest that salinity influences the gut microbiome structure in pike fry, and that 3‰ salinity may be a good solution for culturing pike at this stage in their development.