Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Cultural Investigation of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory Short Form: Narcissism as a Multidimensional Trait in the United Kingdom and Russia

Abstract Research on narcissism supports a multifactorial structure with each factor to be multidimensional. However, studies typically assess 1 factor of narcissism using scales such as the Short Dark Triad (SD3). The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory and its short form (FFNI–SF) were developed recently to account for this issue. The extent to which the FFNI–SF assesses equivalent constructs across countries has, nonetheless, received little attention. This study evaluated the factor structure of the FFNI–SF in a Russian sample (N = 1,996) and compared the results with those derived from a UK sample (N = 1,292). Overall, the FFNI–SF evidenced satisfactory internal consistency (mean α = .82 and .79 for the Russian and UK sample for the factors of Antagonism, Extraversion and Neuroticism, respectively). Additionally, analyses yielded a 3-component model in both samples similar to that reported in the original validation study, which also demonstrated meaningful correlations with the SD3. Finally, Antagonism demonstrated significant differences between the 2 samples, perhaps reflecting societal differences between Russia and the United Kingdom. The study highlights the importance of using psychometrically sound measures to assess narcissism in its complexity and the need for additional research on how this trait operates within the personality sphere and across cultures.
Lifetime attributable cancer risk related to prevalent CT scan procedures in pediatric medical imaging centers

Abstract Purpose Evaluation of the organ dose in pediatric patients up to 15 years old and Estimation of lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of cancer incidence in pediatric computed tomography procedures. Materials and methods Data from 532 patients below 15 years old was collected and they were categorized into four age groups of <1, 1–5, 5–10, and 10–15 years old. NCICT software was used to calculate the organ dose, and LAR of cancer incidence has been estimated according to the BEIR VII report. Results The highest median dose in all age groups was related to eye lens (head scan), thyroid (chest scan), and colon (abdomen-pelvic scan). The highest average LAR of cancer incidence was observed for breast cancer and colon cancer following a chest CT scan of the youngest group (<1-year-olds) [68.23 per 100,000] and abdomen-pelvic scans of the oldest group (10- to 15-year-olds) [57.30 per 100,000]. Conclusion This study shows that the average LAR is higher in females and it decreases with age in both genders. Although CT scan has an indispensable application in diagnosis, the patient dose should be taken into account before any examination specifically in pediatric patients.
School Readiness in Language-Minority Dual Language Learners in Japan: Language, Executive Function, and Theory of Mind

Abstract The present study investigated school readiness in Brazilian (Portuguese-Japanese dual language learner or DLL) 5-year-olds in Japan (1) by examining their language skills, executive function (EF), and theory of mind (ToM) in comparison to their monolingual peers and (2) by investigating the developmental relations between these three skills. DLLs scored lower than monolinguals in Japanese language skills, specifically in receptive vocabulary and the understanding of complement clauses in Japanese. DLLs and monolinguals performed similarly in EF, particularly in inhibitory control tasks measuring interference suppression and response inhibition. However, monolinguals outperformed DLLs in ToM tasks assessing false belief understanding. Finally, DLLs’ interference suppression and understanding of complement clauses were both positively related to their false belief understanding. In conclusion, DLLs had school readiness difficulties in Japanese language skills and ToM, but not in EF, compared to their Japanese monolingual peers. Furthermore, the positive relationship of language and EF skills with ToM development, which is commonly reported in monolingual children, extended to an understudied population of DLLs in this study.
MRI-based Alzheimer’s disease-resemblance atrophy index in the detection of preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s Disease-resemblance atrophy index (AD-RAI) is an MRI-based machine learning derived biomarker that was developed to reflect the characteristic brain atrophy associated with AD. Recent study showed that AD-RAI (≥0.5) had the best performance in predicting conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia and from cognitively unimpaired (CU) to MCI. We aimed to validate the performance of AD-RAI in detecting preclinical and prodromal AD. We recruited 128 subjects (MCI=50, CU=78) from two cohorts: CU-SEEDS and ADNI. Amyloid (A+) and tau (T+) status were confirmed by PET (11C-PIB, 18F-T807) or CSF analysis. We investigated the performance of AD-RAI in detecting preclinical and prodromal AD (i.e. A+T+) among MCI and CU subjects and compared its performance with that of hippocampal measures. AD-RAI achieved the best metrics among all subjects (sensitivity 0.74, specificity 0.91, accuracy 85.94%) and among MCI subjects (sensitivity 0.92, specificity 0.81, accuracy 86.00%) in detecting A+T+ subjects over other measures. Among CU subjects, AD-RAI yielded the best specificity (0.95) and accuracy (85.90%) over other measures, while hippocampal volume achieved a higher sensitivity (0.73) than AD-RAI (0.47) in detecting preclinical AD. These results showed the potential of AD-RAI in the detection of early AD, in particular at the prodromal stage.
Oral and oropharyngeal lymphomas: a multi-institutional collaborative study.

BACKGROUND Lymphomas in the oral and oropharyngeal regions are relatively uncommon and their diagnosis is challenging and complex due to the myriad histopathological subtypes. Herein, we report a large series of oral and oropharyngeal lymphomas and compare our data with the currently available literature. METHODS All cases diagnosed as lymphomas affecting the oral and oropharyngeal regions were retrospectively retrieved from seven Brazilian institutions. Clinicodemographic data and histopathological features were evaluated and described, while a comprehensive literature review was undertaken in order to compare our findings. RESULTS A total of 304 cases of oral and oropharyngeal lymphomas were obtained, mostly affecting individuals aged 60-69 years (n=68) with a mean age at diagnosis of 54.2 ± 20.1 years. Males and females were equally affected. Mature B-cell neoplasms (87.2%) were the most common group, followed by mature T- and NK-cell neoplasms (11.2%), and precursor lymphoid neoplasms (1.6%). The most frequent subtypes in each group were diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified (n=99), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphomas, nasal type (n=12), and B-lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphomas, not otherwise specified (n=4). The most commonly involved sites were the palate (26.3%), mandible (13%) and maxilla (10.5%). CONCLUSION Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified remains the most common subtype of lymphomas in the oral and oropharyngeal region. Older patients are the most affected, with no gender predilection and the palate and jaw are usually affected.
Olfactory Stimulation of Preterm Infants with Breast Milk

Maintaining stable physiological responses may be important for the growth and development of preterm infants. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effects of olfactory stimulation with maternal breast milk on the occurrence of abnormal physiological responses in preterm infants. With a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design, 13 preterm infants in the experimental group and 18 preterm infants in the control group completed the intervention. The intervention was implemented three times a day for 5 days in a row with 2 hours of administration per intervention. The frequency of abnormal physiological responses was assessed over 6 days (one day before intervention administration and 5 days during intervention administration). With repeated-measures analysis of variance, the experimental group showed a significantly lower frequency of apnea than the control group (p = .021). Olfactory stimulation with maternal breast milk may be an effective nursing intervention for reducing apnea episodes in preterm infants.
Metformin Reduces Vascular Assembly in High Glucose-Treated Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells in An AMPK-Independent Manner

Objective The aim is to examine the effect of metformin in human microvascular endothelial cells exposed to high glucose (HG) concentration and compare them with the effects of other 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) modulators under the same condition. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) were treated with 15 mM metformin, 1 mM 5-aminoimidazol-4-carboxamideribonucleotide (AICAR) and 10 mM compound C in the presence of 20 mM glucose (hyperglycemic condition). Migration, invasion and proliferation were evaluated as well as the capillary-like structures formation. Moreover, the expression of angiogenic genes was assessed. Results Metformin significantly inhibited vessel formation and migration, although it did not change HMECs proliferation and invasion. In addition, metformin significantly reduced collagen formation as evidenced by histological staining. Concomitantly, expression of several genes implicated in angiogenesis and fibrosis, namely TGFß2, VEGFR2, ALK1, JAG1, TIMP2, SMAD5, SMAD6 and SMAD7, was slightly upregulated. Immunostaining for proteins involved in ALK5 receptor signaling, the alternative TGFß signaling pathway, revealed significant differences in SMAD2/3 expression. Conclusion Our data showed that metformin prevents vessel assembly in HMECs, probably through an AMPK- independent mechanism. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which this pharmacological agent affects endothelial dysfunction is of paramount importance and paves the way to its particular use in preventing development of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy, two processes where angiogenesis is exacerbated.
Molecular detection of virulence markers to identify diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli isolated from Mula-Mutha river, Pune District, India

Abstract In this study presence of virulence genes in multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from Mula-Mutha river, Pune, India was undertaken. The objective was to understand whether the isolates were of diarrhoeagenic or of environmental origin. This was essential since the river flows through urban and rural parts of Pune and its water is used not only for industrial and agricultural purposes but also for domestic usage. One hundred and two multidrug E. coli isolates were selected from our previous study which detected genes coding for antibiotic resistance as well as identified integrons associated with multidrug resistance. Isolates were subjected to multiplex PCR to detect presence of virulence genes, set1A, set1B, sen astA, aggA, aafA, pet, stx1 and stx. Sequencing was performed to confirm the amplified PCR product. Seven of the 102 E. coli isolates showed gene set1A alone identifying them as Enteroaggregative E. coli. Thus, the findings revealed that majority of drug resistant E. coli were environmental in origin. The presence of antibiotic resistant genes, integrons in the environment as well as diarrhoeagenic E. coli isolates is a warning and calls for efficient public health measures to ensure that untreated sewage and industrial waste does not enter the Mula-Mutha river.
Occurrence of environmental contaminants (pesticides, herbicides, PAHs) in Australian/Queensland Apis mellifera honey

ABSTRACT Honey is a popular agricultural product containing mostly sugars and water, but due to its nutritious components and natural production by honeybees (Apis mellifera) from floral nectar, it is marketed as a premium health food item. As environmental monitors, honeybees can potentially transfer environmental contaminants to honey. Whilst pesticides can have ubiquitous presence in agricultural and urban areas, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be more prevalent in higher density urban/industrial environments. Australian beehives are customarily located in rural areas/forests, but it is increasingly popular to keep hives in urban areas. This study assessed the levels of environmental contaminants in honeys (n = 212) from Queensland/Australian sources including rural, peri-urban and urban areas. Honey samples were analysed by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS for 53 herbicides, 83 pesticides, 18 breakdown products (for certain pesticides/herbicides) and 33 PAHs and showed low/negligible pesticide, herbicide and PAHs contamination, consistent regardless of honey origins.
Risks of Anaemia Among Pre-School Children Following Maternal Nutrition Education and Counselling in Urban Informal Settlements of Nairobi, Kenya

Slum environment may pose risk to child health and nutrition. This study assessed the risks of anemia among under five-year-old children, five years after implementing a nutrition education and counseling intervention in two urban slums in Nairobi, Kenya. A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2018 as a follow-up of a randomized controlled study carried out between 2012–2015. A trained nurse measured hemoglobin levels of 438 children from households which participated in the initial study. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify risks of anemia. The mean (+SD) age of the children was 55.9 (5.3) months and mean (+SD) hemoglobin was 10.7 (1.5) g/dL. Anemia prevalence was 59.8%, 33.9% had mild, 24.7% moderate, and 1.2% severe anemia. Absence of home toilet (AOR = 3.31; 95% CI, 1.20–9.09), household which paid to use a toilet facility (AOR = 1.86; 95% CI, 1.12–3.08), child’s frequency of eating colored fruits and vegetables (AOR = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.08–0.96), meat and meat products (AOR = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.23–6.01), number of meals a child aged <15years ate a day preceding the study (AOR = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.14–1.98), and a mother who had a history of anemia (AOR = 2.89; 95% CI, 1.22–12.01), were factors significantly associated with child’s anemia status. The environment of urban informal settings influences child anemia status. Further studies with interventions are therefore required in order to improve sanitation facilities and access to meats, fruits, and vegetables in urban slums through innovative kitchen gardens and small animal husbandry.
Regional Gastrointestinal Motility in Healthy Children

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and use of the 3D-Transit system (Motilis SA, Lausanne, Switzerland) and to describe regional gastrointestinal transit times, segmental colonic transit times, and colonic movement patterns in healthy children. Methods: Twenty-one healthy children (11 girls, median age 10.5 years, range 7–15 years) were included. For evaluation of gastrointestinal transit times and colonic movement patterns, we used the minimally invasive electromagnetic 3D-Transit system. A small electromagnetic capsule (21.5 mm × 8.3 mm) was ingested and tracked through the gastrointestinal tract by a body-worn detector. Regional gastrointestinal transit times were assessed as time between capsule passage of anatomical landmarks. Colonic movement patterns were described and classified based on capsule movement velocity, direction, and distance. Results: One child could not swallow the capsule and 20 children completed the study without any discomfort or side-effects. Median whole gut transit time was 33.6 (range 10.7–80.5) hours, median gastric emptying time was 1.9 (range 0.1–22.1) hours, median small intestinal transit time was 4.9 (range 1.1–15.1) hours, and median colonic transit time was 26.4 (range 6.8–74.5) hours. Median ascending colon/cecum transit time was 9.7 (range 0.3–48.1) hours, median transverse colon transit time was 5.6 (range 0.0–11.6) hours, median descending colon transit time was 2.6 (range 0.01–22.3) hours, and median sigmoid colon/rectum transit time was 7.5 (range 0.1–31.6) hours. Colonic movement patterns among children corresponded to those previously described in healthy adults. Conclusions: The 3D-Transit system is a well-tolerated and minimally invasive method for assessment of gastrointestinal motility in children.
The relationship between rotating shift work and blood pressure among nurses working in hospitals of Abadan, Iran

ABSTRACT Hypertension is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Various factors such as occupational and environmental risk factors affect blood pressure. Shift work is considered to be an occupational stressor. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between rotating shift work and blood pressure among nurses working in hospitals associated with faculty of medical science. This cross‐sectional and descriptive-analytic study was conducted on nurses who worked in three hospitals associated with faculty of medical science, located in Abadan, southwest of Iran from September until December 2019. The sample size was 120 participants and divided into 60 rotating shift workers and 60 day workers (non-shift workers). The nurses were selected through the stratified random sampling technique. Demographic data, smoking status, and medical and occupational history were collected through a check list and interviews. Blood pressure was measured using a digital sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U, chi-square, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and logistic regression by using SPSS software version 22. There was statistically significant difference in blood pressure between day workers and rotating shift workers (p ≤ 0.001). By logistic regression analyses, and even after adjusting for confounding variables, rotating shift work was associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension (OR: 1.76 [95%CI: 1.11–2.80]). The findings of this study showed that rotating shift workers have a higher incidence of hypertension than day workers. Therefore, a particular follow-up of rotating shift workers should be recommended to screen workers for hypertension.
Pediatric Wilson's Disease: Phenotypic, Genetic Characterization and Outcome of 182 Children in France

ABSTRACT Objectives: To describe a cohort of Wilson disease (WD) pediatric cases, and to point out the diagnostic particularities of this age group and the long-term outcome. Methods: Clinical data of 182 pediatric patients included in the French WD national registry from 01/03/1995 to 01/06/2019 were gathered. Results: Diagnosis of WD was made at a mean age of 10.7 ± 4.2 years (range 1–18 years). At diagnosis, 154 patients (84.6%) had hepatic manifestations, 19 (10.4%) had neurological manifestations, and 9 patients (4.9%) were asymptomatic. The p.His1069Gln mutation was the most frequently encountered (14% of patients). Neurological patients were diagnosed at least 1 year after they presented their first symptoms. At diagnosis, the median urinary copper excretion (UCE) was 4.2 μmol/24 hours (0.2–253). The first-line treatment was d-penicillamine (DP) for 131 (72%) patients, zinc salts for 24 (13%) patients, and Trientine for 17 (9%) patients. Liver transplantation was performed in 39 (21.4%) patients, for hepatic indications in 33 of 39 patients or for neurological deterioration in 6 of 39 patients, mean Unified Wilson's Disease Rating Scale of the latter went from 90 ± 23.1 before liver transplantation (LT) to 26.8 ± 14.1 (P < 0.01) after a mean follow-up of 4.3 ± 2.5 years. Overall survival rate at 20 years of follow-up was 98%, patient and transplant-free combined survival was 84% at 20 years. Conclusion: Diagnosis of WD can be challenging in children, particularly at the early stages of liver disease and in case of neurological presentation; hence the support of clinical scores and genetic testing is essential. Diagnosis at early stages and proper treatment ensure excellent outcomes, subject to good long-term treatment compliance. LT is a valid option for end-stage liver disease not responding to treatment and can be discussed for selected cases of neurological deterioration.
Elevated cortisol lowers thermal tolerance but results in limited cardiac remodelling in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) experiencing chronic social stress.

Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) held in pairs form dominance hierarchies in which subordinate individuals experience chronic social stress accompanied by lowered thermal tolerance (assessed as the critical thermal maximum, CTmax). Here we tested the hypothesis that chronic elevation of circulating cortisol levels reduces thermal tolerance in subordinate trout. In support of this hypothesis, subordinate trout that recovered from social stress for 48 h, a period sufficient to return cortisol to normal baseline levels, no longer showed reduced CTmax. Further, thermal tolerance was not restored in subordinates treated with cortisol during recovery from social stress. To explore possible mechanisms underlying the effect of chronic stress on CTmax, we also tested the hypothesis that chronic cortisol elevation induces cardiac remodelling in subordinate trout, as previously reported for cortisol-treated rainbow trout. Ventricle mass and cardiac hypertrophy markers were unaffected by social stress. Picrosirius red staining revealed a trend for lower collagen levels in the ventricles of subordinate relative to dominant trout. However, collagen type I transcript and protein levels, and markers of collagen turnover were unaffected. Indicators of cardiac function, including ventricle passive stiffness and intrinsic heart rate (fH), similarly were unaffected. In vivo fH was also similar between subordinate and dominant fish. Nevertheless, in keeping with their lower CTmax, subordinate fish exhibited cardiac arrhythmia at significantly lower temperatures than dominant fish during CTmax trials. Thus, high baseline cortisol levels in subordinate trout result in lowered thermal tolerance, but 5 d of social stress did not greatly affect cardiac structure and function.
Improving the objectivity of the current World Para Swimming motor coordination test for swimmers with hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis using measures of movement smoothness, rhythm and accuracy

ABSTRACT The current protocol for classifying Para swimmers with hypertonia, ataxia and athetosis involves a physical assessment where the individual’s ability to coordinate their limbs is scored by subjective clinical judgment. The lack of objective measurement renders the current test unsuitable for evidence-based classification. This study evaluated a revised version of the Para swimming assessment for motor coordination, incorporating practical, objective measures of movement smoothness, rhythm error and accuracy. Nineteen Para athletes with hypertonia and 19 non-disabled participants performed 30 s trials of bilateral alternating shoulder flexion-extension at 30 bpm and 120 bpm. Accelerometry was used to quantify movement smoothness; rhythm error and accuracy were obtained from video. Para athletes presented significantly less smooth movement and higher rhythm error than the non-disabled participants (p < 0.05). Random forest algorithm successfully classified 89% of participants with hypertonia during out-of-bag predictions. The most important predictors in classifying participants were movement smoothness at both movement speeds, and rhythm error at 120 bpm. Our results suggest objective measures of movement smoothness and rhythm error included in the current motor coordination test protocols can be used to infer impairment in Para swimmers with hypertonia. Further research is merited to establish the relationship of these measures with swimming performance.