Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Panel on Biological Hazards ( BIOHAZ ) ; Scientific Opinion on Scientific Opinion on risk based control of biogenic amine formation in fermented foods

A qualitative risk assessment of biogenic amines (BA) in fermented foods was conducted, using data from the scientific literature, as well as from European Union-related surveys, reports and consumption data. Histamine and tyramine are considered as the most toxic and food safety relevant, and fermented foods are of particular BA concern due to associated intensive microbial activity and potential for BA formation. Based on mean content in foods and consumer exposure data, fermented food categories were ranked in respect to histamine and tyramine, but presently available information was insufficient to conduct quantitative risk assessment of BA, individually and in combination(s). Regarding BA risk mitigation options, particularly relevant are hygienic measures to minimize the occurrence of BA-producing microorganisms in raw material, additional microbial controls and use of BAnonproducing starter cultures. Based on limited published information, no adverse health effects were observed after exposure to following BA levels in food (per person per meal): a) 50 mg histamine for healthy individuals, but below detectable limits for those with histamine intolerance; b) 600 mg tyramine for healthy individuals not taking monoamino oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) drugs, but 50 mg for those taking third generation MAOI drugs or 6 mg for those taking classical MAOI drugs; and c) for putrescine and cadaverine, the information was insufficient in that respect. Presently, only high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based methods enable simultaneous and high sensitivity quantification of all BA in foods, hence are best suited for monitoring and control purposes. Monitoring of BA concentrations in fermented foods during the production process and along the food chain would be beneficial for controls and further knowledge. Further research on BA in fermented foods is needed; particularly on toxicity and associated concentrations, production process-based control measures, further process hygiene and/or food safety criteria development, and validation of analysis methods. © European Food Safety Authority, 2011
FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS IN KARST RIVER BASINS

The frequency distribution models for the annual peak flows of 21 streamgauging stations in seven karst river basins of Turkey are investigated. Furthermore, annual peak flows observed at seven representative stations are separated into their surface flow and baseflow components by introducing a graphical procedure based on annual hydrographs of daily flows. Then, frequency analyses with eight theoretical distribution models were carried out on the surface flow and baseflow components in order to infer on how the baseflow affects sample statistics and frequency distributions of the total peak flows. Those physically meaningful moment and maximum likelihood estimates of the lower bounds are compared with the average karst spring effluents estimated previously by various authors. The general conclusions of the study are that almost all the available theoretical distribution models, including the normal distribution, may be used to represent the observed frequencies of annual peak flows in karst river basins, and further that the models with lower bounds have a physical justification. Regression and correlation analyses performed between surface flow and baseflow components revealed that these components are almost uncorrelated. Apart from this fact it has been shown that variation coefficients of total peak flows are considerably reduced with respect to variation coefficients of surface flow components. Skew and variation coefficients of peak floods, and of surface flow components as well, are significantly correlated while these two descriptors of the baseflow components are almost independent. Relationships between these two descriptors appear to have a parallel downwards shifted form of the theoretical relationship of the lognormal distribution.
Ecoulement de suspensions avec condition de glissement sur la paroi

Cette these concerne l'etude du comportement d'une sphere solide dans l'ecoulement de cisaillement d'un fluide visqueux au voisinage d'une paroi plane sur laquelle s'applique une condition de glissement. Cet ecoulement est calcule analytiquement. Par linearite des equations de Stokes, le probleme d'une sphere libre et tournant librement dans un ecoulement de cisaillement au voisinage d'une paroi plane sur laquelle s'applique une condition de glissement est la somme des problemes e��lementaires : sphere fixee en ecoulement de cisaillement, sphere en translation et en rotation. Les solutions sont obtenues pour chaque probleme (cisaillement, rotation et translation) en utilisant la methode des coordonnees bispheriques. Les resultats pour la force et le couple sont calcules avec une precision de 10^{-7}, meme pour de tres petites distances particule-paroi de l'ordre de 10^{-4}. Des formules d'interpolation de ces coefficients de frottement sont proposees avec une precision de 10^{-3} meme pour des petites distances particule-paroi (de l'ordre 10^{-4}) et pour des grands glissements. Les vitesses de translation et de rotation d'une sphere libre et tournant librement dans un ecoulement de cisaillement sont alors obtenues avec une precision de 10^{-7}. Des formules d'interpolation ont ete aussi proposees pour ces vitesses avec une precision de 10^{-3}. La deuxieme partie de cette these est une application de notre etude theorique. Nous avons propose des formules d'interpolation des composantes du tenseur de diffusion d'une particule brownienne au voisinage d'une paroi plane sur laquelle s'applique une condition de glissement. On s'interesse au dernier chapitre a l'etude de la dispersion de Taylor-Aris par l'etude du mouvement d'une petite particule brownienne dans un micro-canal avec condition de glissement du fluide sur la paroi du canal. Ce probleme physique est essentiel pour interpreter les mesures de vitesses a petites echelles par suivi de particules au voisinage de parois hydrophobes.
Multigrid Methods for Elliptic Optimal Control Problems

In this dissertation we study multigrid methods for linear-quadratic elliptic distributed optimal control problems. For optimal control problems constrained by general second order elliptic partial differential equations, we design and analyze a P1 finite element method based on a saddle point formulation. We construct a W -cycle algorithm for the discrete problem and show that it is uniformly convergent in the energy norm for convex domains. Moreover, the contraction number decays at the optimal rate of m−1, where m is the number of smoothing steps. We also prove that the convergence is robust with respect to a regularization parameter. The robust convergence of V cycle and W -cycle algorithms on general domains are demonstrated by numerical results. For optimal control problems constrained by symmetric second order elliptic partial differential equations together with pointwise constraints on the state variable, we design and analyze symmetric positive definite P1 finite element methods based on a reformulation of the optimal control problem as a fourth order variational inequality. We develop a multigrid algorithm for the reduced systems that appear in a primal-dual active set method for the discrete variational inequalities. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated by numerical results.
Locked-out: investigating the effectiveness of system lockouts to reduce errors in routine tasks

While frustrating and innocuous in many settings, errors can have disastrous consequences for the use of safety critical systems and medical devices. This work-in-progress investigates the effectiveness of an enforced lockout period for reducing errors in a routine task. During the lockout period the user can look at, but not interact with the device interface for a period of 10 seconds before they resume the task after an interruption. Results show that this lockout period can reduce sequence errors by up to 64%. Identifying ways to reduce the disruptiveness of interruptions is important for HCI research given that many devices are now used in settings where interruptions are commonplace.
A structural optimization method based on the level set method using a new geometry‐based re‐initialization scheme

Structural optimization methods based on the level set method are a new type of structural optimization method where the outlines of target structures can be implicitly represented using the level set function, and updated by solving the so‐called Hamilton–Jacobi equation based on a Eulerian coordinate system. These new methods can allow topological alterations, such as the number of holes, during the optimization process whereas the boundaries of the target structure are clearly defined. However, the re‐initialization scheme used when updating the level set function is a critical problem when seeking to obtain appropriately updated outlines of target structures. In this paper, we propose a new structural optimization method based on the level set method using a new geometry‐based re‐initialization scheme where both the numerical analysis used when solving the equilibrium equations and the updating process of the level set function are performed using the Finite Element Method. The stiffness maximization, eigenfrequency maximization, and eigenfrequency matching problems are considered as optimization problems. Several design examples are presented to confirm the usefulness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can mutual fund managers pick stocks ? Evidence from their trades prior to earnings announcements

We measure the stock-picking skill of mutual fund managers based on the returns realized around the subsequent earnings announcements of the stocks that they hold and trade. Relative to standard methodologies, this approach exploits the most informative segments of the returns data and ameliorates the joint hypothesis problem inherent in tests of stock-picking skill. Consistent with skilled trading, we find that, on average, stocks that funds buy earn significantly higher returns at subsequent earnings announcements than stocks that they sell. According to our measures of skill, certain funds perform persistently better than others, and the best performers tend to have a growth objective, large size, high turnover, and use incentive fees to motivate managers. ∗ We thank Marcin Kacperczyk, Andrew Metrick, Lasse Pedersen, Robert Stambaugh, and seminar participants and New York University and Yale University for helpful comments. We thank Christopher Blake and Russ Wermers for assistance with data. Baker gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Division of Research of the Harvard Business School. Can mutual fund managers pick stocks? Evidence from their trades prior to earnings announcements
ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL FLOW FIELD AND OF SHIP RESISTANCE IN WATER OF FINITE DEPTH

Le potentiel de l'eau peu profonde linearisee a ete prepare pour des calculs numeriques par ordinateur. On a utilise comme distribution de source celle pour l'Inuid S-201. Avec un modele de l'Inuid S-201 des essais de remorquage sur 2 profondeurs d'eau ont ete effectues. On a mesure les valeurs suivantes: resistance, orientation, enfoncement, deformation de la surface de l'eau, pression normale
Consensus of hybrid multi-agent systems with heterogeneous dynamics

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the consensus problems for two kinds of hybrid multi-agent systems. The first kind of hybrid multi-agent system is composed of first-order discrete-time and second-order continuous-time dynamical agents. Based on different interactive modes, two effective protocols are presented for the hybrid multi-agent system, respectively. By using graph theory and system transformation method, some criteria are obtained for solving the consensus problem. The second one consists of first-order continuous-time and second-order discrete-time dynamical agents. The effective protocols are also proposed to guarantee the consensus. Meanwhile, the necessary and sufficient conditions are established for solving the consensus problem. Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.
Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics Volume II Number 4-Special , 2010 Interoperability of Knowledge Units in Plant Protection : Case Studies

In this work, we provide two case studies on interoperability and transfer of knowledge in the environment of a company dealing with plant protection. We find that the area of plant protection is highly oriented on working with knowledge. In this case interoperability of knowledge can play an important role in acquiring knowledge from different environments to solve specific problem in companies dealing with plant protection. Nevertheless, the concept of interoperability is well-developed on the level of data and information only. We stem from our previous works, where we defined a logical concept for the interoperability of knowledge on the level of knowledge units. The objective of this work is to show how to apply our process model of knowledge interoperability in a particular plant protection company. Two case studies are provided in order to demonstrate distinguishing between simple knowledge transfer and knowledge interoperability.
Comparison of Evaporation and Cold Pool Development between Single-moment and Multi-moment Bulk Microphysics Schemes in Idealized Simulations of Tornadic Thunderstorms

Idealized simulations of the 3 May 1999 Oklahoma tornadic supercell storms are conducted at various horizontal grid spacings ranging from 1 km to 250 m, using a sounding extracted from a prior 3-km grid spacing real-data simulation. A sophisticated multi-moment bulk microphysics parameterization scheme capable of predicting up to three moments of the particle or drop size distribution for several liquid and ice hydrometeor species is evaluated and compared with traditional single-moment schemes. The emphasis is placed on the impact of microphysics, specifically rain evaporation and size-sorting, on cold pool strength and structure, and on the overall reflectivity structure of the simulated storms. It is shown through microphysics budget analyses and examination of specific processes within the low level downdraft regions that the multi-moment scheme has important advantages, which lead to a weaker and smaller cold pool and better reflectivity structure, particularly in the forward flank region of the simulated supercells. Specifically, the improved treatment of evaporation and size-sorting, and their effects on the predicted rain DSDs by the multi-moment scheme helps to control the cold bias often found in the simulations using typical single-moment schemes. The multi-moment results are more consistent with observed (from both fixed and mobile mesonet platforms) thermodynamic conditions within the cold pools of the discrete supercells of the 3 May 1999 outbreak.
Hindfoot endoscopy for posterior ankle impingement.

BACKGROUND The surgical treatment of posterior ankle impingement is associated with a high rate of complications and a substantial time to recover. An endoscopic approach to the posterior ankle (hindfoot endoscopy) may lack these disadvantages. We hypothesized that hindfoot endoscopy causes less morbidity and facilitates a quick recovery compared with open surgery. METHODS Fifty-five consecutive patients with posterior ankle impingement were treated with an endoscopic removal of bone fragments and/or scar tissue. The symptoms were caused by trauma (65%) or overuse (35%). All patients were enrolled in a prospective protocol. At baseline, the age, sex, work and sports activities, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot scores, and preinjury Tegner scores were determined for all patients. At the time of follow-up, AOFAS hindfoot scores and Tegner scores were assessed and the time to return to work and sports activities was determined. Complications were recorded. Patients scored the overall result as poor, fair, good, or excellent by means of a 4-point Likert scale. RESULTS The median duration of follow-up was thirty-six months, and no patient was lost to follow-up. The median AOFAS hindfoot score increased from 75 points preoperatively to 90 points at the time of final follow-up. The median time to return to work and sports activities was two and eight weeks, respectively. At the time of follow-up, patients in the overuse group were more satisfied than those in the posttraumatic group, and the AOFAS hindfoot scores were higher in patients in the overuse group (median, 100 points) compared with patients in the posttraumatic group (median, 90 points). A complication occurred in one patient who had a temporary loss of sensation of the posteromedial aspect of the heel. CONCLUSIONS The outcome after endoscopic treatment of posterior ankle impingement compares favorably with the results of open surgery reported in the literature. Hindfoot endoscopy appears to cause less morbidity than open ankle surgery and facilitates a quick recovery. Patients treated for posterior ankle impingement caused by overuse have better results than those treated following trauma.
ST ATE OF ILLINOIS

1) "Instructions for Submitting Offers. " This section advises what you need to know and do when preparing and submitting an offer to us. It also tells how we will evaluate your offer. The first page of the Instructions, the “INSTRUCTIONS” will provide dates, locations and other information specific to this solicitation. For our purposes, "Offer" is the term used to mean the response to an Invitation for Bids, or Request for Proposals and may sometimes be called a "bid" or "proposal".
China's Capital and Productivity Measurement Using Financial Resources

This paper constructs China's capital stock, which is used in conjunction with a labor variable to estimate a Cobb-Douglas production function for the Chinese economy. Two panels of data are used - one for capital formation and one for sources of investment finance. Both national and provincial data are used for these two panels, thus giving a total of four capital-stock series. The Cobb-Douglas estimates show that China's total factor productivity was about 3.4 percent in the post-reform years. Productivity of coastal provinces is higher than inner provinces. Among the various sources of investment finance, foreign direct investment is more efficient than state-funded capital stock.
Etymological dictionary of the Iranian verb

The present work gives a critical survey of all the verbs that may have existed in Proto-Iranian as deduced from the attested Iranian descendants and their archaic sister language, Sanskrit. This is accompanied by an analysis of the morphology and assessment of the provenance. The Iranian group within the Indo-European language family consists of languages that were and are still spoken in Western and Central Asia, among which Persian, Balochi, Kurdish, Pashto, Shughni and Ossetic are the best known today, and Avestan, Old and Middle Persian, Parthian, Bactrian, Khotanese, Sogdian and Choresmian in the past. This work aims to bridge the gap in knowledge that exists between Indo-Europeanists and scholars of Iranian languages with regard to each other's fields.
Transcriptional regulation at the yeast nuclear envelope

The spatial organization of the genome inside the nucleus affects many nuclear processes, such as DNA replication, DNA repair, and gene transcription. In metazoans, the nuclear periphery harbors mainly repressed genes that associate with the nuclear lamina. This review discusses how peripheral positioning is connected to transcriptional regulation in yeasts. Tethering of reporter genes to the nuclear envelope was found to result in transcriptional silencing. Similarly, repression of the silent mating type loci and subtelomeric genes is influenced by their position close to the nuclear envelope. In contrast, active genes are bound by nucleoporins and inducible genes associate with the nuclear pore complex upon activation. Taken together, these results portray the nuclear envelope as a platform for transcriptional regulation, both through activation at nuclear pores and silencing at the nuclear envelope.
A demographic study of some populations in shahrestan nowshahr, mazandaran, Iran, with reference to the genetic structure

The main objective of this thesis is to define the population structure of Shahrestan Nowshahr, Iran, by determining whether the population comprises one large, panmictic unit or small, localized breeding clusters, and the extent to which the pattern of mobility affects this structure. This study has been carried out by quantifying the nature and extent of migration within and from outside the study area. The components of analysis have included the past and. present demographic structure, the distribution and localization of dialects and languages, the spatial (matrimonial) and temporal (parent and offspring) continuity of gene flow, the orientation of movement, the extent of commonality of surnames and the pattern of relatedness and kinship within and among the subdivisions. The results have been used to assess the extent to which genetic mobility has been determined by geographic, demographic, linguistic and cultural constraints placed on the breeding size of the population. The consequences upon the genetic structure of the population in terms of departure from random mating and panmixia and the potential for genetic differentiation through local, selective pressures and random genetic drift have also been projected. Inferences from these analyses Indicate that the interaction of these factors have influenced and determined the migration pattern and the extent of the reproductive isolation of the Shahrestan. Shahrestan Nowshahr is not a homogeneous unit, but is composed of a series of local, partially isolated units with little genetic flow between them, thus limiting the size of the population, contributing to deviation from panmixia and conducive to random differentiation of local gene frequencies. The temporal increase in the range of movement indicates the breaking down of isolation, due to an overall change in the demographic, cultural and socio-economic structure of the population, providing greater possibilities for admixture and genetic homogeneity.
Central nervous system lymphoma: patterns of incidence in Indian population and effect of steroids on stereotactic biopsy yield.

BACKGROUND Epidemiology of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) world-wide shows an increase in incidence linked to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective review of case records analyzed the trends of hospital-based incidence of PCNSL over two decades (1991-2010), relation to immune status and effect of steroids on yield of stereotactic biopsy (STB). RESULTS A total of 76 cases of PCNSL were diagnosed over a period of two decades. Incidence of lymphomas amongst all biopsied lesions showed a gradual increase from 0.18% at the beginning of study period to 0.41% at the end of study period. Only 8.6% (3 of 35 tested) of the PCNSL patients were positive for HIV. The mean age of patients with HIV infection (31.3 ± 3.5 years) was significantly lower compared with those without HIV infection (44.7 ± 10.9 years) (P = 0.033). Diagnosis was obtained by open biopsy in 32 patients (42.1%) and STB in 44 patients (57.9%). Open biopsy yielded a histological confirmation of PCNSL in all cases. Among those who underwent STB, the incidence of negative biopsy with short duration of steroids (≤ 1 week) was 33.3% and increased to 57.1% with increasing duration of steroid treatment (>1 week). CONCLUSIONS This study documented an increase in hospital based incidence of PCNSL in our institute, independent of HIV association. Steroid intake administration for more than a week prior to biopsy adversely affected the yield of STB in PCNSL.