Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fontes e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio em feijoeiro de inverno sob sistema plantio direto

The use of nitrogen by common bean is dependent on the source, dose and application time. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of N sources and application times on common bean under no-till system, in Selviria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, in 2006 and 2007. Treatments were disposed in a randomized blocks design, in a 3x6 factorial scheme, with four replications. Nitrogen sources (urea, entec, and ammonium sulfate) and application times (control - without N, at sowing, at the V 3 development stage, at the V 4-5 development stage, 1/3 at sowing + 2/3 at the V 3 stage, and 1/3 at sowing + 2/3 at the V 4-5 stage) were evaluated. The N sources had similar influence on common bean yield, affecting only the N leaf content, in 2006, and the use of entec provided leaf nutrient concentrations equivalent to the urea ones. The application of all available N at sowing affected the initial and final plant stands, in 2006, while the same was not observed in 2007. Application times did not influence on grains yield, for both years, however, in 2006, the nitrogen fertilization increased yield in more than 100%, on average, independently of the application time.
Quantifying the Influence of Halite and Sylvite Crystallization on Capillary Water Absorption Coefficient of Sandstone

Abstract This study aims to investigate the relationship between two important deterioration factors in porous building materials: the capillary water absorption coefficient, or W-value, and the soluble salt content. Capillary water absorption contributes to the decay of porous stones through transporting water and dissolved salts. On the other hand, high capillary absorption may be beneficial in that consolidants may penetrate deeper into the stone. Therefore, it is important to understand capillary fluid movement and factors related to it. Using 10 sandstone drill-core samples, pure water penetration was measured for saltfree samples and for samples containing soluble salt of known amount and composition. The mineralogical composition and physical properties of the stone were determined after desalination. The W-value of the samples was determined before and after they were impregnated with measured amounts of NaCl and KCl. The results show that the W-value decreased due to NaCl and KCl crystallization in the pores of sandstone, and increased after removing the introduced salts. This result suggests that the soluble salt content can affect the movement of water in the capillary network of the stone. The decrease of the W-value of a salt-contaminated stone sample after treatment thus may not be a reliable performance indicator for the material used for water repellancy and consolidation.
ACCURACY OF FIELD SAMPLING FOR SOIL TESTS

Three widely separated Alberta fields were sampled intensively in a grid pattern, to estimate the effect of number and depth of cores and of field size on the accuracy of composite samples used in soil test analyses. Estimates were obtained by both statistical and computer simulation techniques and both gave similar results. Accuracy of composites increased with the number of cores, but even with as many as 30 cores per field there was still considerable inaccuracy in values for N and P. In the most variable field, a composite of 20 cores for the 0- to 15-cm depth predicted the true field mean within ± 10% for N, P and K only 47, 56, and 82 times out of 100, respectively. Corresponding values for the least variable field were 77, 70, and 98. Conductivity and pH were more accurately estimated with the same number of cores. Samples taken at the 15- to 30-cm and 30- to 61-cm depths showed greater coefficients of variability in N and P than did samples from the 0- to 15-cm depth. However, samples composed of .
Thermodynamic interactions in binary mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide with benzene, toluene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and methoxybenzene from 298.15 to 308.15 K

Densities, viscosities, refractive indices, and ultrasonic velocities were measures for the binary mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide with benzene, toluene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and methoxybenzene at 298.15, 303.15, and 308.15 K over the entire mole fraction scale of the mixture. These results have been used to calculate the changes in volume, isentropic compressibility, and refractivity. The calculated quantities have been represented with third-degree polynomials
MOF derived porous carbon–Fe3O4 nanocomposite as a high performance, recyclable environmental superadsorbent

A high surface area carbon composite with Fe3O4 nanoparticles is synthesized by pyrolysis of an iron containing Metal Organic Framework (MOF). The composite can be prepared by annealing the MOF at different temperatures (500 °C and 600 °C), each case exhibiting unique properties in terms of the hydrophobic behaviour and surface area, resulting in specific applicability domains. We highlight the exceptional behaviour of this material as a magnetically separable and recyclable superadsorbent for removal and recovery of environmental pollutants (oil/hydrocarbon and dye/phenol).
Transformation of Oxygenate Components of Biomass Pyrolysis Oil on a HZSM-5 Zeolite. I. Alcohols and Phenols

The effects of temperature and space time on the transformation over a HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst of several model components of the liquid product obtained by the flash pyrolysis of vegetable biomass (1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, phenol, and 2-methoxyphenol) have been studied. The transformation of alcohols follows a route similar to that of methanol and ethanol toward the formation of hydrocarbon constituents of the lumps of gasoline and light olefins. Phenol and 2-methoxyphenol have a low reactivities to hydrocarbons, and the deposition of coke of thermal origin caused by the condensation of 2-methoxyphenol is noticeable. The generation of catalytic coke and the deactivation by this cause attenuate as the space time and water content in the feed are increased. To avoid the irreversible deactivation of the HZSM-5 zeolite, operations must be carried out at a temperature below 400 °C. Above this temperature, the increase in product aromaticity is also significant.
Functional and Nutritional Characteristics of Soft Wheat Grown in No-Till and Conventional Cropping Systems

The effects of no-till versus conventional farming practices were evaluated on soft wheat functional and nutritional characteristics, including kernel physical properties, whole wheat composition, antioxidant activity, and end-product quality. Soft white winter wheat cultivar ORCF 102 was evaluated over a two-year period from three long-term replicated no-till versus conventional tillage studies in Oregon. Wheat from the no-till cropping systems generally had greater test weight, kernel diameter, and kernel weight and had softer kernels compared with wheat from the conventional tillage systems. Compared with the conventional systems, no-till whole wheat flour had lower protein and SDS sedimentation volume. Ash content as well as most minerals measured (calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, and zinc), except for manganese and phosphorus, were generally slightly lower in no-till than in conventional wheat. Whole wheat flour from the no-till cropping systems generally had slightly lower total phenolic content an.
Untersuchungen zum Lambertschen Cosinusgesetz an nichtabsorbierenden feingepulverten Stoffen

An vier Weißstandard‐Pulverpreßlingen wird die Flächenhelligkeit bei verschiedenen Wellenlängen in Abhängigkeit von Einfalls‐ und Beobachtungswinkel gemessen. Sie ergibt sich in allen Fällen im Gegensatz zum Lambert‐Gesetz als nicht konstant bezüglich des Beobachtungswinkels, die Abweichungen vom Lambert‐Gesetz werden bei großen Winkeln systematisch größer. Bei hartgepreßten, aber glanzfreien Proben steigt die Flächenhelligkeit mit dem Beobachtungswinkel an, außer bei kleinen Einfallswinkeln. Der Anstieg ist für Medien mit kleiner Brechzahl wesentlich stärker als für solche mit großer Brechzahl. Diese Beobachtung kann mit der Bouguerschen Elementarspiegelhypothese und den Fresnelschen Formeln qualitativ gedeutet werden. Für die Richtigkeit der Bouguerschen Vorstellungen über das Zustandekommen der “diffusen Reflexion” spricht ferner die Beobachtung von Glanzspitzen bei Proben, die mit polierten Stempeln stark gepreßt wurden. Die Bouguersche Elementarspiegelhypothese reicht jedoch nicht aus, die diffuse Reflexion quantitativ zu beschreiben.Lockere Pulveroberflächen zeigen mit zunehmendem Beobachtungswinkel fallende Flächenhelligkeitskurven, die durch Abschattungseffekte zustande kommen. Bei feinerem Korn ist die Abschattung gering, der Fresnel‐Anstieg der Flächenhelligkeitskurven tritt deutlicher hervor. Die Annahme, die Reflexion werde allgemein mit kleinerer Korngröße diffuser, ist nicht richtig. Die Messungen zeigen, daß stets Abweichungen vom Lambertschen Gesetz auftreten und daß das Lambert‐Gesetz unter geeigneten Bedingungen höchstens für kleine Einfalls‐ und Beobachtungswinkel näherungsweise erfüllt ist, insbesondere dann, wenn die Brechzahl des Pulvers genügend groß ist. Der “diffusen Reflexion” nach Lambert überlagern sich stets reguläre Anteile. Es liegt nahe, anzunehmen, daß ein die experimentellen Beobachtungen beschreibendes Gesetz Materialeigenschaften wie Brechzahl und Korngröße berücksichtigen muß.
Ab initio calculation of the elastic properties and the lattice dynamics of the AlAs x Sb1−x alloy under pressure

The lattice dynamics and the elastic properties of the ternary AlAs x Sb1−x alloy have been studied using the density-functional perturbation theory within the local density approximation and employing the virtual-crystal approximation. We study the variation of the optical phonon frequencies (ωTO and ωLO), the high-frequency (ϵ∞) and static (ϵ0) dielectric coefficients, the dynamic effective charge (Z*) and the elastic constants (C 11, C 12, C 44) as a function of the composition (x) and the pressure. We have also predicted the behavior of the optical and acoustical phonons with composition x at the X and L high symmetry points under pressure and determined the Grüneisen parameter. We have found that no mechanical instabilities are associated with the structural transition at high pressures for all compositions.
Hydrothermal synthesis and structural studies of novel 2-D lanthanide coordination polymers with phthalic acid

This paper presents four lanthanide coordination polymers, [Ln2(BDC)3(H2O)]n (Ln = La, 1; Ln = Eu, 2; Ln = Tb, 3; BDC = 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate) and [Yb4(BDC)6(H2O)2]n (4) prepared by the hydrothermal technique. They are all 2-D infinite structures with BDC anions connecting adjacent metal ions. In complex 1, La(III) ions are eight- and nine-coordinated, and all La(III) ions are coplanar in the 2-D structure. In complexes 2 and 3, Eu(III) and Tb(III) ions are also eight- and nine-coordinated, but they are distributed in a wave-like 2-D network. In complex 4, the Yb(III) ions have four different coordination numbers (6, 7, 8 and 9), which are rarely found in one lanthanide complex. Both the coordination numbers and the arrangement of Ln atoms in these coordination polymers show the lanthanide contraction. In the four complexes, all the oxygen atoms of BDC take part in coordination with Ln(III) ions, adopting tetra-, penta- and hexadentate coordination modes for the phthalate anions. The luminescent properties of complex 2 have been investigated and the results for the explanation of the chemical environment of the Eu(III) ion are consistent with the X-ray analysis.
Energy landscape theory for Alzheimer's amyloid β‐peptide fibril elongation

Recent experiments on the kinetics of deposition and fibril elongation of the Alzheimer's β‐amyloid peptide on preexisting fibrils are analyzed. A mechanism is developed based on the dock‐and‐lock scheme recently proposed by Maggio and coworkers to organize their experimental observations of the kinetics of deposition of β‐peptide on preexisting amyloid fibrils and deposits. Our mechanism includes channels for (1) a one‐step prion‐like direct deposition on fibrils of activated monomeric peptide in solution, and (2) a two‐step deposition of unactivated peptide on fibrils and subsequent reorganization of the peptide–fibril complex. In this way, the mechanism and implied “energy landscape” unify a number of schemes proposed to describe the process of fibril elongation. This β‐amyloid landscape mechanism (βALM) is found to be in good agreement with existing experimental data. A number of experimental tests of the mechanism are proposed. The mechanism leads to a clear definition of overall equilibrium or rate constants in terms of the energetics of the elementary underlying processes. Analysis of existing experimental data suggests that fibril elongation occurs through a two‐step mechanism of nonspecific peptide absorption and reorganization. The mechanism predicts a turnover in the rate of fibril elongation as a function of temperature and denaturant concentration. Proteins 2001;42:217–229. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phytochemical screening and analysis of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Ficus auriculata (Lour.) stem bark.

A B S t r A c t Background: Stem barks of Ficus auriculata have been used in nepal as folk remedy in the form of juice to treat diarrhea, dysentery, cuts and wounds. So this study is designed to explore the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of F. auriculata stem bark. Methods: Stem barks were subjected to successive extraction using hexane, chloroform and methanol to obtain the respective extracts. DPPH free radical scavenging method was used for antioxidant activity analysis. Agar well diffusion method was used for the antibacterial activity test. Results: Qualitative phytochemical analysis of methanol extracts of F. auriculata stem bark showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, glycosides, phytosterols, resins, phenols, tannins, diterpenes, flavonoids, proteins, and amino acids. Antioxidant activity of methanol extract was found to be 84.088% at 0.1 mg/ml with Ic 50 value of 0.042 mg/ml (r 2 = 0.9942) and that of chloroform extract was found to be 83.864% with Ic 50 value of 0.029 mg/ml (r 2 = 0.955). However free radical scavenging activity of hexane extract was of 42% (r 2 = 0.9036) in comparison of standard ascorbic acid used. Antibacterial activity of methanol extract was higher for Escherichia coli with 4.5±0.15 mm zone of inhibition and for Staphylococcus aureus hexane extract was highly effective with the zone of inhibition of 7.8±0.36 mm. Conclusion: Plant extract showed potential antioxidant activity but antibacterial activity was found to be comparatively lower to that of the standard antibiotics used.
Composition of the volatile oil of Thymus transcaspicus Klokov from Iran

Thymus is one of the most important genera with regard to the number of species within the family Lamiaceae. The essential oil of Thymus transcaspicus Klokov (Lamiaceae) from Iran was isolated by hydrodistillation in 0.9% yield. The chemical composition of the essential oil was examined by GC and GC–MS. Forty-seven compounds were identified, representing 99.5% of the total oil. The main compounds were thymol (56.4%), γ-terpinene (7.7%), carvacrol (7.6%) and p-cymene (6.3%). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emission of Oxygenated Species from the Combustion of Pine Wood and its Relation to Soot Formation

Abstract Combustion tests of pine wood cribs have been performed in different airflows in a fire test chamber. VOC in the flue gas has been monitored on-line using FTIR. Soot was collected at different heights above the bed on to quartz fibre filters and was characterized using pyrolysis-GC-MS. Correlation between combustion conditions and emission profiles were elucidated. The soot contained significant amounts of adsorbed oxygenated material derived from pyrolysis of the wood. Three types of material were identified: pyrolysis products, pyrolysis recombination products and PAH, and significant proportions of O-PAH are also present. Oxygenated PAH increased with temperature and higher air flow rate whereas oxygenated phenolic type material increased with lower temperature and lower air flow rate. Cooler flames from oxygen-starved fires akin to conditions in household fires produce significant higher proportions of phenolic material. Oxygen appears to play a significant role in the production of soot and there appear to be two routes by which PAH material can be synthesized. Firstly through conventional hydrocarbon mechanisms such as the HACA method and secondly through a route involving the polymerization of biomass pyrolysis fragments. A number of important species are identified which could be intermediates between these pyrolysis products and PAH.
Plos Computational Biology主编关于论文获得发表的10条简单法则的评析

介绍Plos Computational Biology主编Philip E．Bourne关于论文发表的10务简单法则，包括：读很多论文，客观看待自身工作，选择好的编辑，提高英语水平，忍受退稿，提高论文质量等。 以期对医学生和研究人员发表文章提供有益帮助。
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity by tea tree oil and constituent terpenoids

In vitro inhibition of bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity by tea tree oil was investigated. The main constituents in the tea tree oil batch used for the analysis of AChE inhibition were terpinen-4-ol (35.6%), γ-terpinene (19.5%), α-terpinene (8.3%), p-cymene (7.2%) and 1,8-cineole (4.4%). AChE was measured by a colorimetric method. IC50 values were obtained for tea tree oil and α-pinene and were 51.2 µg/ml and 57.1 µg/ml, respectively. Tea tree oil was found to contain mixed-type inhibitors; a mixture of main constituents and main constituents showed competitive inhibition. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of multiple bile acids in uninephrectomized rats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

In order to study the roles of individual BAs and due to limited blood sample volumes available from experimental animals, improved methods for the simultaneous quantification of multiple BAs are needed. We developed and validated an ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of 24 BAs, including 11 unconjugated, 6 glycine-conjugated and 7 taurine-conjugated BAs, in 50 μL of rat serum or plasma. The UPLC-MS/MS method, operated in negative and positive ion mode, allows quantification of BAs using multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM), with specific fragmentation of BAs. The method showed acceptable intra- and inter-day accuracy, precision, extraction recovery and high sensitivity, with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) in the pM range for several taurine-conjugated BAs. We applied the established method to investigate potential time-dependent changes of BAs in plasma from sham-operated and uninephrectomized male Sprague-Dawley rats. The levels of several primary and secondary BAs were transiently elevated one week after uninephrectomy, followed by normalization thereafter. In contrast, several conjugated BAs were slightly increased after the second week post-surgery. The established UPLC-MS/MS method, employing specific fragmentation of free and conjugated BAs by MRM, allows the simultaneous quantification of multiple BAs in 50 μL serum or plasma samples, and can be used to assess BA profiles in patho-physiological situations.
Ozone and Anthrax - Knowns and Unknowns

Abstract Mailings of envelopes containing anthrax spores (Bacillus anthracis) have caused serious disruptions of business operations in various parts of the United States, and several people tragically have lost their lives from resulting exposure to anthrax. These incidents have caused U.S. government agencies to investigate this material and to evaluate methods of neutralizing it. Ozone is one candidate countermeasure. In this paper, what is known about ozone and its ability to destroy B. anthracis spores (and accepted surrogates) is discussed. High relative humidity is required to “soften up” the spore coating prior to addition of any disinfectant. Ozone clearly is a sufficiently powerful oxidant to destroy B. anthracis in relatively short exposure times. Of major concern, however, is ozone's equally clear ability to produce collateral damage in areas where it is used. Research on ozone is needed to fill data gaps, in order to convince government authorities in charge of anti-terrorism activities that ozone should be included as a prime candidate for combating anthrax contaminations. It is equally important that those in the ozone industry be aware of the known facts and data gaps concerning ozone — in order to minimize the number of (well-intentioned) overclaims for ozone that may be doomed to failure and give ozone a black eye in this field.
Simple Mathematical Model for the Electrical Conductivity of Highly Porous Ceramics

A novel approach has been proposed to describe the relationship between the conductivity and relative density of highly porous materials. As a first approximation, porous material was represented by a uniaxial string of spheres along the direction of the potential gradient. Then, a string of spheres was remodeled into a rotating body of sine-wave functions, f(x) = (1 + r{sub 0})/2 + [(1 {minus} r{sub 0})/2] sin ({pi}x/c) for 0 {le} x < c and f(x) = (1 + r{sub 0})/2 + [(1 {minus} r{sub 0})/2] sin {l_brace}{pi}(x + 1 {minus} 2c)/(1 {minus} c){r_brace} for c {le} x < 1, where the former represents the shape of a sphere, the latter that of the bottleneck between neighboring spheres, and r{sub 0} denotes the ratio of the minimum diameter at the bottleneck to the maximum diameter of the rotating body. It was shown that the calculated relationships reproduced the reported experimental results for the relationship between the porosity and conductivity of La{sub 0.5}Sr{sub 0.5}CoO{sub 3}, BaF{sub 2}, and (ZrO{sub 2}){sub 0.9}(Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}){sub 0.1}. The relative conductivity to the bulk material was close to zero at 45--60% relative density, which is the density of green wares. It steeply increased with anmore » increase in the relative density and then gradually approached that of the bulk material. « less
Multistage treatment of high strength dye wastewater by coagulation and ozonation

Two types of wastewaters from the dye manufacturing process were treated by multistage chemical coagulation combined with ozonation. By using the coagulant iron(II) chloride and a commercial coagulant aid, the majority of COD was removed in advance of ozonation, a similar repeated treatment cycle was performed after settlement of the coagulant in each cycle. Results showed that the optimum concentrations to be used were 2·5% (v/v) iron(II) chloride and 35 mg dm−3 coagulant aid. The decolorization efficiency was >99% and the COD elimination was >90%. The multistage combined chemical coagulation ozonation treatment was found to be superior to the single-stage treatment. © 1998 SCI.