Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression with efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer

Background Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been associated with the efficacy of pemetrexed plus platinum chemotherapy. However, the relation between TTF-1 expression and efficacy of the combination of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors plus pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, a standard first-line treatment regimen for advanced non-squamous NSCLC, has remained unclear. Methods We retrospectively evaluated TTF-1 expression in tumor tissue of patients with advanced or recurrent non-squamous NSCLC treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy in the first-line setting. Clinical characteristics and pathological data for each patient were assessed, and progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated. Bias due to patient background was minimized by application of inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis. Results A total of 122 patients, 75 (61.5%) of whom were positive for TTF-1 immunostaining in tumor specimens, was included in this multicenter study. At the time of analysis, 89 (73.0%) patients had experienced progression events and 44 (36.1%) had died [median follow-up 14.6 months (range, 0.53–29.5 months)]. PFS was longer for TTF-1-positive patients than for TTF-1-negative patients [median, 12.2 vs. 6.0 months; hazard ratio (HR) =0.63 (95% CI: 0.37–1.06); log-rank P=0.028]. IPTW-adjusted PFS was significantly longer for TTF-1-positive than for TTF-1–negative patients [HR =0.62 (95% CI: 0.46–0.83); log-rank P=0.024]. Conclusions TTF-1 expression in advanced non-squamous NSCLC can serve as a basis for prediction of PFS in patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy in the first-line setting.
Interpreting 
A
 and 
B
 metrics with 
Λ
 as gravitational field of a tachyon in an (anti–)de Sitter universe

We investigate main properties and mutual relations of the so-called A and B-metrics with any value of the cosmological constant. In particular, we explicitly show that both the AII and BI-metrics are, in fact, the famous Schwarzschild-(anti-)de Sitter spacetime (that is the AI-metric) boosted to superluminal speed. Together they form the complete gravitational field of a tachyon in Minkowski or (anti-)de Sitter universe. The boundary separating the AII and BI regions is the Mach-Cherenkov shockwave on which the curvature is unbounded. We analyze various geometric features of such spacetimes, we provide their natural physical interpretation, and we visualize them using convenient background coordinates and embeddings.
Inflection point inflation within supersymmetry

We propose to address the fine tuning problem of inflection point inflation by the addition of extra vacuum energy that is present during inflation but disappears afterwards. We show that in such a case, the required amount of fine tuning is greatly reduced. We suggest that the extra vacuum energy can be associated with an earlier phase transition and provide a simple model, based on extending the SM gauge group to SU(3)C × SU(2)L × U(1)Y × U(1)B−L, where the Higgs field of U(1)B−L is in a false vacuum during inflation. In this case, there is virtually no fine tuning of the soft SUSY breaking parameters of the flat direction which serves as the inflaton. However, the absence of radiative corrections which would spoil the flatness of the inflaton potential requires that the U(1)B−L gauge coupling should be small with gB−L ⩽ 10−4.
Unseen-Material Few-Shot Defect Segmentation With Optimal Bilateral Feature Transport Network

Industrial defect segmentation is important to ensure product quality and production safety. The main challenges in industrial applications are insufficient defect samples, large intraclass variation, and the interference of background information. However, most current texture defect segmentation methods rely on large-scale datasets and can only deal with one specific type of texture defect, which reduces the application efficiency and application scope of defect segmentation algorithms. To this end, we propose an optimal bilateral feature transport network (OBFTNet) for few-shot texture defect segmentation, which can accurately segment texture defects in multiple unseen materials (domains), such as steel, wood, and leather. OBFTNet can perform bilateral prediction for background and defect regions of unseen material by dynamically predicting task-specific semantic correspondences conditioned on a small guidance set. Specifically, we introduce background images (defect-free images) as supplementary learning information for reverse prediction and model the semantic correspondence between the guidance (support and background images) and the query images in few-shot segmentation as an optimal bilateral feature transport problem and generate a set of optimal bilateral correlation tensors. Using 4-D and 2-D convolutions, the model gradually reduces optimal bilateral correlation tensors to precise segmentation masks. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art techniques with very few labeled samples and the method generalizes well to industrial defects on unseen materials.
Limits to Wage Growth: Understanding the Wage Divergence between Immigrants and Natives

This study finds evidence of wage divergence between immigrants and natives in Germany using a country-wide household panel from 1984 to 2014. We incorporate the possibility of wage divergence into a two-period model of economic assimilation by modeling the differences in the efficiency of human capital production and prices per unit of human capital between immigrants and natives. Individual rates of wage convergence are found to be higher for immigrants who fled warfare zones, belong to established ethnic networks, and acquired more years of pre-migration schooling. Using a doubly robust treatment effect estimator and the IV method, the study finds that the endogenous post-migration education in the host country contributes substantially to closing the wage gap with natives. The treatment effect is heterogeneous, favoring immigrants who are similar to natives. This paper also addresses the commonly ignored sample selection issue due to non-random survey attrition and employment participation. Empirical evidence favors the "efficiency" over the "discrimination" channels of wage divergence.
Rotational Instabilities in Stratified Miscible Layers

Instability of stratified multi-phase flow in a rotating platform becomes important because of a potential role in micro-mixing and micro-machines. Centrifugal actuation can play an important role in driving the flow and Coriolis force can enhance the mixing in a short span by destabilizing the flow. In this study, we focus on the impact of the Coriolis force on a rotating viscosity-stratified flow with a thin diffusive mixed layer between two fluid layers. Modal stability analysis is used to estimate the critical parameters, namely Rotation number, Reynolds number, and wave number, which are responsible to modulate the instability mechanism for different viscosity contrasts. Present study explores competing influences of rotational forces against the viscous and inertial forces. Correspondingly, rotational direction (clockwise/anticlockwise) shows a significant effect on the spatio-temporal instability mechanism and anticlockwise rotation promotes the instability. Usually, miscible viscosity stratified flow with respect to streamwise disturbance becomes more unstable for a thinner mixed layer. On the contrary, our numerical computation confirms a completely contrasting scenario, considering Coriolis force driven instability of a miscible system on account of spanwise disturbances. Possible physical mechanisms for the same are discussed in terms of base flow and energy fluctuation among perturbed and base flow. Comparison of two and three-dimensional instability is done to give a clear-cut idea about the linear instability of the flow system considered herein. Velocity and viscosity perturbation distributions display a critical bonding between the vortices near and away from mixed layer, which may be responsible for the variation of instability with respect to viscosity ratio and rotational direction.
Growth of First Galaxies: Impacts of Star Formation and Stellar Feedback

Recent observations have detected galaxies at high-redshift , and revealed the diversity of their physical properties, from normal star-forming galaxies to starburst galaxies. To understand the properties of these observed galaxies, it is crucial to understand the star formation (SF) history of high-redshift galaxies under the influence of stellar feedback. In this work, we present the results of cosmological hydrodynamic simulations with zoom-in initial conditions, and investigate the formation of the first galaxies and their evolution toward observable galaxies at . We focus on three different galaxies that end up in halos with masses (Halo-10), (Halo-11), and (Halo-12) at z = 6. Our simulations also probe the impacts of different subgrid assumptions, i.e., SF efficiency and cosmic reionization, on SF histories in the first galaxies. We find that SF occurs intermittently due to supernova (SN) feedback at , and then it proceeds more smoothly as the halo mass grows at lower redshifts. Galactic disks are destroyed due to SN feedback, while galaxies in simulations with no feedback or lower SF efficiency models can sustain a galactic disk for long periods . The expulsion of gas at the galactic center also affects the inner dark matter density profile for a short period. Our simulated galaxies in Halo-11 and Halo-12 reproduce the SF rates and stellar masses of observed Lyα emitters at fairly well given the observational uncertainties.
The active nucleus of the ULIRG IRAS F00183-7111 viewed by NuSTAR

We present an X-ray study of the ultra-luminous infrared galaxy IRAS F00183-7111 (z=0.327), using data obtained from NuSTAR, Chandra X-ray Observatory, Suzaku and XMM-Newton. The Chandra imaging shows that a point-like X-ray source is located at the nucleus of the galaxy at energies above 2 keV. However, the point source resolves into diffuse emission at lower energies, extending to the east, where the extranuclear [O III] emission, presumably induced by a galactic-scale outflow, is present. The nuclear source is detected by NuSTAR up to the rest-frame 30 keV. The strong, high-ionization Fe K line, first seen by XMM-Newton, and subsequently by Suzaku and Chandra, is not detected in the NuSTAR data. The line flux appears to have been declining continuously between 2003 and 2016, while the continuum emission remained stable to within 30%. The X-ray continuum below 10 keV is characterised by a hard spectrum caused by cold absorption of nH ~1e23 cm-2, compatible to that of the silicate absorption at 9.7 micron, and a broad absorption feature around 8 keV which we attribute to a high-ionization Fe K absorption edge. The latter is best described by a blueshifted, high-ionization (log xi ~3) absorber. No extra hard component, which would arise from a Compton-thick source, is seen in the NuSTAR data. While a pure reflection scenario (with a totally hidden central source) is viable, direct emission from the central source of L(2-10 keV) = 2e44 erg/s, behind layers of cold and hot absorbing gas may be an alternative explanation. In this case, the relative X-ray quietness (Lx/L_AGN ~6e-3), the high-ionization Fe line, strong outflows inferred from various observations, and other similarities to the well-studied ULIRG/QSO Mrk 231 point that the central source in this ULIRG might be accreting close to the Eddington limit.
On the different levels of dust attenuation to nebular and stellar light in star-forming galaxies

As a science verification study of the newly released AKARI/FIS Faint Source Catalog ver.1, this paper discusses the different levels of dust attenuation toward stellar light and nebular emission lines within local star-forming galaxies at 0.02 2,000 sources), we compare the dust attenuation levels toward stellar light (from L(IR)/L(UV) ratio) and nebular emission lines (from H-alpha/H-beta ratio). We find that there is a clear trend that more massive galaxies tend to have higher "extra" attenuation toward nebular regions, while galaxies with higher specific star formation rates tend to have lower extra attenuation. We also confirm these trends by using the WISE mid-infrared photometry with a significantly large sample size of the WISE-SDSS-GALEX galaxies (>50,000 sources). Finally, we study how the levels of extra attenuation toward nebular regions change across the SFR-Mstar plane. We find that, even at a fixed stellar mass, galaxies located below the main sequence tend to have higher levels of extra attenuation toward nebular regions, suggesting the change in dust geometry within the galaxies across the star-forming main sequence during the course of star formation quenching process.
New constraints from high redshift supernovae and lensing statistics upon scalar field cosmologies

We explore the implications of gravitationally lensed quasistellar objects and high-redshift SNe Ia observations for spatially flat cosmological models in which a classically evolving scalar field currently dominates the energy density of the Universe. We consider two representative scalar field potentials that give rise to effective decaying $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ (``quintessence'') models: pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons $[V(\ensuremath{\varphi}{)=M}^{4}(1+\mathrm{cos}(\ensuremath{\varphi}/f))]$ and an inverse power-law potential $[V(\ensuremath{\varphi}{)=M}^{4+\ensuremath{\alpha}}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}}]. $ We show that a large region of parameter space is consistent with current data if ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{m0}g0.15. $ On the other hand, a higher lower bound for the matter density parameter suggested by large-scale galaxy flows, ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{m0}g0.3,$ considerably reduces the allowed parameter space, forcing the scalar field behavior to approach that of a cosmological constant.
Two-carrier analyses of the transport properties of black phosphorus under pressure

We report on the electronic transport properties of black phosphorus and analyze them using a two-carrier model in a wide range of pressure up to 2.5 GPa. In semiconducting state at 0.29 GPa, the remarkable non-linear behavior in the Hall resistance is reasonably reproduced by assuming the coexistence of two kinds of hole with different densities and mobilities. On the other hand, two-carrier analyses of the magnetotransport properties above 1.01 GPa suggest the coexistence of high mobility electron and hole carriers that have almost the same densities, i.e., nearly compensated semimetallic nature of black phosphorus. In the semimetallic state, analyses of both the two-carrier model and quantum oscillations indicate a systematic increase in the carrier densities as pressure increases. An observed sign inversion of Hall resistivity at low magnetic fields suggests the existence of high mobility electrons (\sim105 cm2 V-1 s-1) that is roughly ten times larger than that of holes, in the semimetallic black phosphorus. We conclude that the extremely large positive magnetoresistance that has been observed in semimetallic state cannot be reproduced by a conventional two-carrier model.
Employee Volunteering Meaningfulness and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Exploring the Effects of Organizational Support, Pride, and Trust

This study examined the mediating effects of organizational pride and trust on the relationship between employee volunteering meaningfulness and organizational citizenship behavior. The study also investigated the moderating effects of perceived organizational support for the relationships between volunteering meaningfulness with organizational pride and trust. The study was administered in South Korea and sampled 267 full-time employees and found organizational pride and trust mediates the relationship between volunteering meaningfulness and organizational citizenship behavior, while perceived organizational support moderated the relationships between volunteering meaningfulness and organizational pride and trust. In addition, supplementary analysis found mediated moderation suggesting that supportive feelings had indirect effects on citizenship behavior.
HIGH-z QUASARS IN THE Rh = ct UNIVERSE

One cannot understand the early appearance of 109 M☉ supermassive black holes without invoking anomalously high accretion rates or the creation of exotically massive seeds, neither of which is seen in the local universe. Recent observations have compounded this problem by demonstrating that most, if not all, of the high-z quasars appear to be accreting at the Eddington limit. In the context of ΛCDM, the only viable alternative now appears to be the assemblage of supermassive black holes via mergers, as long as the seeds started forming at redshifts >40, but ceased being created by z ∼ 20–30. In this paper, we show that, whereas the high-z quasars may be difficult to explain within the framework of the standard model, they can instead be interpreted much more sensibly in the context of the Rh = ct universe. In this cosmology, 5–20 M☉ seeds produced after the onset of re-ionization (at z ≲ 15) could have easily grown to M ≳ 109 M☉ by z ≳ 6, merely by accreting at the standard Eddington rate.
Chandra Study of a Complete Sample of Millisecond Pulsars in 47 Tucanae and NGC 6397

We report Chandra observations of the complete sample of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) with precise radio positions in the globular clusters 47 Tuc (NGC 104) and NGC 6397. The X-ray luminosities and colors are derived or constrained and compared to X-ray MSPs previously detected in the field as well as one previously detected in a globular cluster (M28). The 47 Tuc MSPs are predominantly soft sources suggestive of thermal emission from small (rX < 0.6 km) polar caps on the neutron star rather than magnetospheric emission and are a relatively homogeneous sample, with most X-ray luminosities in a surprisingly narrow range [LX ~ (1-4) × 1030 ergs s-1]. We use previously derived intrinsic Ṗ values and find a new relation between LX and spin-down luminosity, Ė : LX ∝ Ėβ, with β ~ 0.5 ± 0.2 versus ~1.0 for both pulsars and MSPs in the field. Adding the single MSP in NGC 6397 constrains β to 0.5 ± 0.15. This LX-Ė relation and also the LX/Ė versus spin-down age are each similar to that found by Harding & Muslimov for thermal emission from polar cap heating. However, the cluster MSPs are relatively longer lived (in thermal X-rays) than either the models or field MSPs, which may have additional magnetospheric (nonthermal) components. We suggest that the cluster MSPs may have altered surface magnetic field topology (e.g., multipole), or their neutron stars are more massive from repeated accretion episodes due to encounters and repeated exchange interactions. MSP binary companions on or just off the main sequence (e.g., NGC 6397) are likely to have been reexchanged and might show anomalous Ṗ and Ė values due to relaxation of misaligned core-crust spins. The radial distribution of ~40 soft Chandra sources in 47 Tuc is consistent with a ~ 1.4 M☉ component in a multimass King model and with the identified MSP sample. The implied total MSP population in 47 Tuc with LX ≳ 1030 ergs s-1 is ~35-90 and can constrain the relative beaming in radio versus soft X-rays. NGC 6397 is relatively deficient in MSPs: its single detected example may have been reexchanged out of the cluster core.
Logarithmic-layer turbulence: A view from the wall

The observability of the flow field away from the wall in turbulent channel flow is studied using only wall observations. Reconstructions are generated from noiseless but limited wall data using linear stochastic estimation, with emphasis on the quality of the reconstruction. All the velocities are well reconstructed in the buffer layer, but only relatively large "wall-attached" eddies are observable farther from the wall. In particular, the large structures accounting for approximately 40% of the total kinetic energy and of the tangential Reynolds stress are captured accurately. It is argued that this should allow the use of wall sensors for the active control of logarithmic-layer turbulence. It also suggests a quantitative definition of "wall-attached" eddies.
Extending The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) Model to Predict Consumers’ Intention to Purchase Green Cosmetics

This research was conducted to further understand several factors which could strengthen consumers’ intention to buy green products which were comprised of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived price. Using the convenience sampling technique, a total of 669 respondents from the Jabodetabek area who’ve purchased any kinds of green cosmetics products at least once for the past 2 years participated in this study. Due to invalid data, 37 data were omitted, thus confirming that 632 data were usable to be analyzed in this research. Implementing the PLS method to analyze the data, the researchers concluded that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived price significantly affect consumers’ intention to buy green cosmetics. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji berbagai faktor yang mampu memengaruhi terbentuknya intensi konsumen di dalam membeli produk-produk ramah lingkungan, yang dimana faktor-faktor ini terdiri dari attitude, subjective norms, dan perceived price. Menggunakan teknik convenience sampling, sebanyak 669 responden yang merupakan konsumen yang berasal dari Jabodetabek yang pernah membeli produk kosmetik ramah lingkungan minimal 1 kali dalam kurun waktu 2 tahun terakhir berpartisipasi pada studi ini, yang dimana sebanyak 37 data harus dibuang dikarenakan oleh pengisian data yang tidak lengkap. Alhasil, sebanyak 632 data yang valid selanjutnya dianalisis secara lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan metode PLS. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data yang dilakukan, peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa attitude, subjective norms, dan perceived price secara signifikan memengaruhi intensi konsumen di dalam membeli produk kosmetik ramah lingkungan.
Optical and Near-infrared Spectra of σ Orionis Isolated Planetary-mass Objects

We have obtained low-resolution optical (0.7–0.98 μm) and near-infrared (1.11–1.34 μm and 0.8–2.5 μm) spectra of 12 isolated planetary-mass candidates (J = 18.2–19.9 mag) of the 3 Myr σ Orionis star cluster with the aim of determining the spectroscopic properties of very young, substellar dwarfs and assembling a complete cluster mass function. We have classified our targets by visual comparison with high- and low-gravity standards and by measuring newly defined spectroscopic indices. We derived L0–L4.5 and M9–L2.5 using high- and low-gravity standards, respectively. Our targets reveal clear signposts of youth, thus corroborating their cluster membership and planetary masses (6–13 MJup). These observations complete the σ Orionis mass function by spectroscopically confirming the planetary-mass domain to a confidence level of ∼75%. The comparison of our spectra with BT-Settl solar metallicity model atmospheres yields a temperature scale of 2350–1800 K and a low surface gravity of log g ≈ 4.0 [cm s−2], as would be expected for young planetary-mass objects. We discuss the properties of the cluster’s least-massive population as a function of spectral type. We have also obtained the first optical spectrum of S Ori 70, a T dwarf in the direction of σ Orionis. Our data provide reference optical and near-infrared spectra of very young L dwarfs and a mass function that may be used as templates for future studies of low-mass substellar objects and exoplanets. The extrapolation of the σ Orionis mass function to the solar neighborhood may indicate that isolated planetary-mass objects with temperatures of ∼200–300 K and masses in the interval 6–13 MJup may be as numerous as very low-mass stars.