Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from Callinectes amnicola and Penaeus notialis shell wastes

In the current investigation, chitin and chitosan are extracted from Callinectes amnicola (crab) and Penaeus notialis (shrimp) shell wastes using predetermined optimization conditions. The shrimp shell produces higher chitin yield (26.08%), higher chitosan yield (16.93%) and higher degree of deacetylation (DDA) of 89.73% than the yields of chitin (19.36%), chitosan (13.29%) and the DDA from crab shell (84.20%). The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and acid-base titration methods are used to obtain % DDA of the optimized chitosan. Insignificant deviations between the DDA values from both methods are obtained. The experimental FTIR bands and standards for the refined chitosan from crab and shrimp shell wastes are in excellent agreement. The physicochemical properties of the raw precursors, extracted chitin and chitosan (raw and refined/decolorized) are equally evaluated. The extracted chitin and chitosan are characterized using analytical techniques. The implication of this study is in the current drive to produce chitin and chitosan from the underutilized shell wastes of C. amnicola and P. notialis of Nigerian sources with a high yield and a high DDA. In this study, the P. notialis shell is a better alternative source of chitin and chitosan than C. amnicola shell. Key words: Extraction, characterization, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy.
Valorization of Indonesian Wood Wastes through Pyrolysis: A Review

The wood processing industry produces a significant amount of wood waste. Biomass valorization through pyrolysis has the potential to increase the added value of wood wastes. Pyrolysis is an important thermochemical process that can produce solid, liquid, and gas products. This paper aims to review the pyrolysis of wood wastes from Indonesia, including teak wood (Tectona grandis), meranti (Shorea sp.), sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen), and rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis). The review is based on an in-depth study of reliable literatures, statistical data from government agencies, and direct field observations. The results showed that pyrolysis could be a suitable process to increase the added value of wood waste. Currently, slow pyrolysis is the most feasible for Indonesia, with the main product of charcoal. The efficiency of the slow pyrolysis process can be increased by harvesting also liquid and gaseous products. The use of the main product of pyrolysis in the form of charcoal needs to be developed and diversified. Charcoal is not only used for fuel purposes but also as a potential soil improvement agent.
Secondary school Year Advisors’ perspectives on their role, responsibilities and training needs for student mental health: Insights from a co-design workshop

Anxiety and depression commonly emerge during adolescence and secondary schools are well placed to recognise deteriorations in young people’s mental health. In Australian secondary schools, Year Advisors (or year co-ordinators), have been identified as key teaching staff for assisting students with their mental health and facilitating help-seeking. However, there is little understanding of the responsibilities of this role and the mental health training needs of these educators. In December 2017, 12 secondary school Year Advisors from NSW, Australia, took part in a one-day co-design workshop that explored their current role in caring for student mental health and developed a resource that matched their training needs. This paper explores the insights generated from this workshop and outlines a way to engage end-users in the design of mental health training programs. The workshop attendees strongly supported the development of an adolescent mental health training program that was specific to the Year Advisor role, improved their knowledge of adolescent mental health, and developed their skills and confidence to support students in need.
What Is Natural Is Best: A Qualitative Exploration of Women’s Engagement in Attachment Parenting

Attachment Parenting is a form of “intensive parenting” and involves a set of caretaking practices that are perceived by proponents of Attachment Parenting to nurture a strong maternal–child bond. Based on semi-structured interviews with 15 women who self-identified as Attachment Parents and observations of La Leche League meetings, this study investigates the ways in which parenting behaviors are understood and rationalized in relation to the philosophies of Attachment Parenting and the wider parenting culture. Study findings illustrate how the women in this study account for their parenting practices through both an appropriation and rejection of Attachment Parenting expertise and engagement in a discursive appeal to “what is natural is best. ” Given a wider sociocultural environment characterized by multiple forms of expertise and risk, the ways in which Attachment Parenting serves as an interpretive frame and moral road map for the women in this study are discussed.
The Impact of Peer-Mentoring on the Academic Success of Underrepresented College Students

This study evaluates the impact of the peer-mentoring program implemented by a Chilean higher education institution on underrepresented students’ academic success. Specifically, it assesses whether freshmen who enrolled in 2018 and took part in this initiative performed better than students with similar characteristics who did not. A quantitative quasi-experimental design was applied, using the Propensity Score Matching method. The results show that students who took part in this peer-mentoring program got better average grades and had better retention rates and attendance levels than those who did not. Strategies for developing successful mentoring initiatives for college students are discussed, with a special emphasis on their potential relevance to underrepresented students.
The effect of hay alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) supplementation in different basal feed on the feed intake (FI), body weight, and feed conversion ratio of hybrid ducks

This study was conducted to determine the effect of hay alfalfa supplementation (Medicago sativa L.) in different basal feeds on the feed intake (FI), live weight (LW), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), and income of Hybrid Duck. In vivo trial was conducted with 120 MA hybrid ducks (Mojosari x Alabio), based on completely randomized design (CRD). Three (3) treatments and 6 replications with each repetition consisted of 5ducks. The treatments were P1 = radom mixed feed, P2 = 90% radom mixed feed + 10% hay alfalfa and P3 = 90% alternative feed + 10% alfalfa hay. Feed was obtained in dry matter but offered as fed. Feed and drinking water was offered ad libitum. The observed variables included feed consumption, live weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and income over feed cost. The data obtained were analyzed with the application of Statistical Product for Service Solution (SPSS) version 22 and if there was significant differences in treatment it would be further tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that 10% alfalfa supplementation in free mixed feeds and alternative feeds showed a significant effect (P <0.05) on the value of feed consumption, but not with the other variables. Based on these results it can be concluded that three type of feed has similar potential as feed for duck. However, radom mixed feed treatment with 10% alfalfa hay supplementation (P2) is the most optimum treatment among the other treatment feeds, due to the highest live weight income value.
/r/-sandhi in the speech of Queen Elizabeth II

This paper looks at the use of /r/-sandhi in the speech of Queen Elizabeth II. Potential contexts of /r/-sandhi were identified and analysed for the presence or absence of rhoticity and glottalisation in a corpus of Christmas speeches over a period of seven decades. The results show that the Queen avoids intrusive /r/ altogether but that she uses linking /r/ in most potential cases, that glottalisation is common when /r/-sandhi is not used, and that linking /r/ and glottalisation can also co-occur. A comparison with a longitudinal corpus of speakers also shows that the Queen resembles group-level trends in the case of linking /r/ but differs in the case of intrusive /r/. The results also indicate that a number of phonetic and usage-based variables influence linking /r/ usage, including previously unreported factors such as vowel quality collocation frequency. The findings are discussed in the context of usage-based theory.
Inside the intention to join extracurricular activities: Integrating the theory of planned behavior and signaling theory

Abstract Although researchers have previously discussed the consequences of extracurricular activity (ECA) participation, the question of which factors affect the intention to participate in ECAs has been less addressed. By incorporating the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and signaling theory, this study investigates the role of the components of the TPB and signal quality in the intention to join ECAs. In addition, the contingent effects of students’ demographic profiles, such as their gender, their year in school, and whether they have a part-time job, are examined. A sample of 386 students at various universities in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, was used to test a model that incorporates the relationships between TPB components and signal quality by means of the partial least squares (PLS) technique. The results of this study indicate that the three components of the TPB have positive impacts on the intention to join ECAs. In addition, signal quality affects both attitude and intention. Finally, students’ demographic profiles, such as their gender, their year in school, and whether they have a part-time job, have moderating roles in the relationship from attitude and subjective norms to intention. This study adopted a cross-sectional design and was conducted in Vietnam only. Future research should consider longitudinal studies and make comparisons between countries with diverse cultures. As another limitation, this study investigated only university students. Future research, therefore, is needed to consider other subjects and different sectors, such as high school pupils. The results of this study suggest that ECA organizers should send clear, consistent, and credible signals to potential members. Additionally, parents, teachers and other influencers should talk to and encourage students to join ECAs. As a major contribution of this study, it incorporates the TPB and signaling theory to examine the antecedents of ECA participation.
Developing Learning Set with STEM-PBL Approach to Mathematics Connection Ability and Student’s Learning Motivation

This study aims to produce and describe the development process and quality of learning set with the STEM-PBL approach. The development model in this study was adopted from Plomp model, it is preliminary research, development, and evaluation. The learning set developed include lesson plan and student’s worksheet for Statistics material in class VIII using the STEM PBL approach. The quality of development can be measured by its validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The learning set with STEM-PBL that was delevoped is valid, it was found that the warriors got very good criteria. Practically besause in the observations of the learning implementation, it is known that learning is carried out by 90% (teacher activities) and 96% (student activities) so that learning is carried out properly according to plan. Meanwhile, the results of teacher assessments and student responses were good.The learning set is effective because the results of the student’s mathematical connection ability test at high category with the acquisition of an average value of 14.2, the students learning motivation at high category with an average score of 81.7. The results of this study, it can be concluded that the mathematics learning set developed is feasible to use.
Thermal Transmittance, Dimensional Stability, and Mechanical Properties of a Three-Layer Laminated Wood Made from Fir and Meranti and Its Potential Application for Wood-Frame Windows

The aim of this paper was to investigate the physical (thermal transmittance and dimensional stability) and mechanical properties of two types of three layer laminated wood made from fir and meranti; fir in surface layers and meranti in core (FMF) and vice versa (MFM) and to examine its potential application for wood-frame windows. An additional objective was to compare the properties of the laminated wood with those of solid wood, namely meranti and fir. Both types of laminated wood had by far substantial lower bending properties than solid wood. MFM laminated wood performed better than the FMF as far as the physical and mechanical properties are concerned. Water absorption and thickness swelling of MFM laminated wood were substantially lower than those of the FMF type, and all the differences were statistically significant. Longitudinal width swelling, and bending properties of MFM laminated wood were higher than those of FMF but these differences were not statistically significant. The thermal transmittance (rate of the heat transferred) of the FMF window is 13.3% better (less) compared to the MFM window. The main reason for this is believed to be the lower overall density of the FMF window, which also makes it more competitive as a result of the reduced manufacturing cost since fir is less expensive compared tomeranti. It was concluded that wood-frame windows can be successfully made from these types of laminated wood, employing therefore easily renewable materials, with low environmental impact, recyclable and manageable in the medium term.
Analysis of COVID-19 Impact on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Credit Distribution in East Java Banks

Research aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the credit distribution level used as working capital assistance for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/Methodology/Approach: This study used a sample of 8 cities/regencies in East Java. Meanwhile, the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) credit recipients were the population of the sample areas. This research's analysis model was panel data regression (generalized least square) by considering the emergence of heteroscedasticity in cross-section data between regional objects. The control variables outside the COVID-19 were the BI rate, third-party funds (TPF), and inflation.Research findings: This study’s results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant negative impact only on medium-sized business loans, while micro and small business loans are more resilient. Besides, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) credit was significantly positively influenced by TPF; inflation did not affect credit; the BI rate only negatively affected medium-sized business credit.Theoretical contribution/Originality: Studies on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) credit-related to economic phenomena and monetary policy have been widely carried out. However, the catastrophic virus that causes long-term economic uncertainty and impacts banks and Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) still requires in-depth study. Also, this study employed the GLS model that considers heteroscedasticity, which is still rarely used in previous studies.Practitioner/Policy implication: This research can be essential information for the Indonesian Financial Services Authority (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan or OJK) and Bank Indonesia (BI) in policymaking, both regulatory aspects and bank liquidity provision, in stimulating Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) credit, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic era.Research limitation/implication: The impact of COVID-19 on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) loans is still classified based on micro, small and medium. It is still not grouped based on the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) business sector in various cities and regencies in East Java. The analysis has not been clustered based on the spatial concentration of the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) recipient areas.
Analysis of background variability of honey bee colony size

In the context of the definition of specific protection goals for bees, risk managers asked EFSA to provide scientific background to support them in their decision-making process about what needs to be protected and to what extent. The risk managers indicated that the derivation of a threshold of acceptable effects on colony size based on their variability was the preferred option for honey bees. This approach assumes that when evaluating a pesticide, the magnitude of acceptable effects should be set within the range of the background variability of colonies not exposed to pesticides. In this report EFSA used the BEEHAVE model to assess background variability of colony size in 19 EU environmental scenarios covering a range of geographical, climatic and beekeeping conditions. A comparison was made between the model outcome and the measurements performed on control groups of experimental field studies. The analysis of the background variability presented in this document should support risk managers in defining a threshold for colony size reduction that is considered acceptable. © European Food Safety Authority, 2021
Practices and challenges of integrated watershed management in the Amhara region of Ethiopia: case study of Gonji Kolela District

Ethiopia faces serious threats in food production and rural livelihoods, mainly due to population growth and unsustainable use of natural resources. The general objective of the study was to examine the practices and challenges in integrated watershed management in the Gonji Kolela District of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as the chi-square test, independent T test and binary logistic model were employed to present and analyze the collected data. Study results indicated that terracing, area enclosure, agro-forestry, and soil and stone bunds were major watershed management activities in the study area. In conclusion, law awareness of the participants in the management of watersheds, associated with top-down approaches, were found to be obstacles to the sustainable use of the technologies. The study suggested that soil and water conservation structures have to be carefully designed and constructed taking into account realities.
Growth, Biomass and Nutrient Production of Brown Midrib Sorghum Mutant Lines at Different Harvest Times

Brown midrib sorghum (BMR) is a potential crop as forage because of lower lignin content than that of non-BMR sorghum. The aim of this research was to observe the growth and production of brown midrib sorghum mutant lines at different harvest times. This research was conducted at SEAMEO BIOTROP, Bogor, Indonesia using factorial in completely randomized block design (7 x 3) with three replicates. The first factor was the BMR sorghum mutant lines of Patir 3.1 (non-BMR/control), Patir 3.2, Patir 3.3, Patir 3.4, Patir 3.5, Patir 3.6 and Patir 3.7, the second factor was the harvest times (flowering, soft and hard dough phases). Measurement on agronomic parameters were fresh and dry matter biomass production, plant height, stem diameter, leaf width length and ratio of leaves, stems and panicles. While nutrient parameters were crude protein, crude fiber, ash dan crude fat production. Analysis of variance followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was done. The results showed that the BMR of P 3.7 and P 3.2 produced the highest fresh and dry matter production among the BMRs, but their dry matter production were lower than P 3.1 (control). Harvesting at hard dough phase produce the highest fresh and dry matter production and as well as produced the highest crude protein, ash and crude fat production (p<0.01).
Interventions that address institutional child maltreatment: An evidence and gap map

Purpose This evidence and gap map collates evidence reporting on the effectiveness of interventions aimed to prevent, disclose, respond to, or treat child maltreatment occurring in institutional settings. Methods A comprehensive and systematic literature search identified primary studies and systematic reviews meeting the review’s eligibility criteria. Literature screening, data extraction and critical appraisals were undertaken independently by multiple reviewers. Data extracted and reported from the included studies included information about the institutional setting, target population, type of maltreatment, intervention type and outcomes. Results Seventy-three studies were identified, including 11 systematic reviews and 62 primary studies. Overall, the methodological quality of the studies was low to moderate. Most evaluated curriculum-based interventions delivered in educational settings, primarily aimed at preventing sexual abuse. Fewer studies examined other institutional settings or intervention types. Conclusions This review highlights a need for high-quality studies evaluating a more diverse range of interventions across more varied institutional contexts.
A Computational Study of A Lithium Deuteride Fueled Electrothermal Plasma Mass Accelerator

In magnetic or inertial fusion reactors, hydrogen, its isotopes, and lithium are used as fusion fueling materials. Lithium is considered a fusion fuel and not an impurity in fusion reactors as it can be used to produce fusion energy and breed fusion products. Lithium hydride and lithium deuteride may serve as good ablating sleeves for plasma formation in an ablation-dominated electrothermal plasma source to propel fusion pellets. Previous studies have shown that pellet exit velocities greater than 3 km/s are possible using low-z propellant materials. In this work, a comprehensive study of solid lithium hydride and deuteride as a pellet propellant is conducted using the ETFLOW code. Relationships between propellants, source and barrel geometry, pellet volume and aspect ratio, and pellet velocity are determined for pellets ranging in volume from 1 to 100 mm3. Introduction There are various hurdles to overcome for tokamak fusion to be a viable source of energy. These hurdles include finding structural materials that are resistant to high energy neutron bombardment, controlling and sustaining the fusion reaction over long time scales, keeping the plasma stable, and fueling the reactor. This computational study addresses a wide range of