Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Output Growth, Consumption and Physical Capital in Two-Sector Models of Endogenous Growth

Empirical studies reveal persistence of macroeconomic variables to nominal shocks. However, theoretical models fail to match the data. This paper develops a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model with vertical input-output production, imperfect competition and staggered prices at each stage of production to reconcile theoretical models with empirical ob-servations. We (cid:133)nd that output response to stage-speci(cid:133)c technological change and demand shock is more persistent the greater the number of production stages and the larger the share of intermediate goods in (cid:133)nal good production. Depending on the source of technological change, we may either have contractionary or expansionary impact on macroeconomic variables. All
Inheritance of Powdery Mildew Resistance and Some Economic Traits in Cucumber ( Cucumis sativas L . )

The present study was carried out during successive growing seasons for the years 2014 and 2015, under greenhouse conditions, at Sabahia Horticulture Research Station, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. Six inbred lines of cucumber were utilized in a half-diallel cross breeding program to obtain 15 F1 hybrids. The breeding program was concerned with powdery mildew resistance, economic characters and their attributes; i.e. total fruit yield/ plant, number of fruits/plant and average fruit weight; in addition to the fruit quality characteristics; i.e., fruit length and fruit diameter. Results showed that the hybrid P2×P4 gave a very high resistance (100%), which is considered an immune (I) hybrid, while, the genotypes P2, P1×P2, P1×P3, P2×P5 gave high powdery mildew resistance (HR); i.e., (98.33%, 98.23%, 96.3% and 95.83%), respectively. The additive gene action exhibited highly significant, positive or negative, values in all the tested crosses for total yield/plant; whereas, the dominance effect values were found to be positively high significant in most crosses. The additive gene action exhibited positive significant values for powdery mildew resistance in most crosses; except the cross P1×P2, which gave a negative high significant values and the two crosses P1×P5 and P2×P3, which gave insignificant values. The dominance gene action was found to have positive high significant values in most crosses for this character.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Rail Transit Benefits

Contrary to what critics suggest, there is abundant evidence that high quality, gradeseparated transit does reduce urban traffic congestion. For example, research by Winston and Langer (2004) indicates that both motorist and truck congestion costs decline in a city as rail transit mileage expands. Garrett (2004) found that traffic congestion growth rates declined in several U.S. cities after light rail service was established. Baum-Snow and Kahn (2005) found significantly lower average commute travel times in areas near rail transit than in otherwise comparable locations that lack rail, due to rails higher travel speeds compared with automobile or bus under the same conditions. Using a regional traffic model Nelson, et al (2006) found that Washington DC’s Metro rail transit service generates congestion-reduction benefits that exceed subsidies. My own research (Litman, 2004) shows that per capita congestion delay is significantly lower in cities with high quality rail transit systems than in otherwise comparable cities with little or no rail service. These results hold true even if New York is excluded from the analysis.
An auto-inhibitory mechanism regulates the non-enzymatic functions of a histone demethylase

H3K9 methylation (H3K9me) specifies the establishment and maintenance of transcriptionally silent epigenetic states or heterochromatin. The enzymatic erasure of histone modifications is widely assumed to be the primary mechanism that reverses epigenetic silencing. Here, we reveal an inversion of this paradigm where a putative histone demethylase Epe1 in fission yeast, has a non-enzymatic function that opposes heterochromatin assembly. An auto-inhibitory conformation regulates the non-enzymatic properties of Epe1 and licenses its interaction with Swi6 HP1 . Mutations that map to the putative catalytic JmjC domain preserve Epe1 in an auto-inhibited state which disrupts its localization to sites of heterochromatin formation and interaction with Swi6 HP1 . H3K9me relieves Epe1 from auto-inhibition and stimulates its ability to form an inhibitory complex with Swi6 HP1 in vitro and in cells. Our work reveals that histone modifications, rather than being passive scaffolds, actively participate in regulating the assembly of specific epigenetic complexes in cells.
Ground Motion in the Presence of Complex Topography: Earthquake and Ambient Noise Sources

To study the influence of topography on ground motion, eight seismic recorders were deployed for a period of one year over Poverty Ridge on the east side of the San Francisco Bay Area, California. This location is desirable because of its proximity to local earthquake sources and the significant topographic relief of the array (439 m). Topographic amplification is evaluated as a function offrequency using a variety of methods, including reference-site-based spectral ratios and single-station horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios using both shear waves from earthquakes and ambient noise. Field observations are compared with the predicted ground motion from an accurate digital model of the topography and a 3D local velocity model. Amplification factors from the theoretical calculations are consistent with observa- tions. The fundamental resonance of the ridge is prominently observed in the spectra of data and synthetics; however, higher-frequency peaks are also seen primarily for sources in line with the major axis of the ridge, perhaps indicating higher resonant modes. Excitations of lateral ribs off of the main ridge are also seen at frequencies consistent with their dimensions. The favored directions of resonance are shown to be transverse to the major axes of the topographic features.
Leaching From Land Disposed Municipal Composts: 1. Organic Matter

Based on visions of using municipal compost (refuse-sludge mixture) to reclaim stripped land such as abandoned gravel pits in areas of significant groundwater resources, 17 lysimeters were monitored for a 2 1/2 year period with respect to organic contents of leachates. The lysimeters contained composts of varying origin, age (3 and 12 months), and packing depths (15-50 cm). COD concentrations of 2000-5000 mg O2 1-1 were initially observed, but decreased after 2 years of leaching to approximately one-tenth. Only the packing depth seemed to affect the amount of organic matter leached within the first year. Large variations in composts quality may have masked other potential effects, e.g. compost age or maturity. The BOD14 contents of the leachates were less than 10% of the COD contents and seemed to decrease as the leaching progressed. The organic matter of the leachates was not easily degradable, but was, on the other hand, not comparable to humic substances.
Nutrient availability to marine macroalgae in siliciclastic versus carbonate-rich coastal waters

Abundant populations of frondose epilithic macroalgae from a variety of carbonate-rich tropical waters were significantly depleted in phosphorus relative to carbon and nitrogen when compared to macroalgae from temperate siliciclastic waters. Percent carbon (C) and percent nitrogen (N) dry weight contents were similar between tissues from the siliciclastic and carbonate environments (means of 22.6% vs. 20.1% and 1.0% vs. 1.2%, respectively), but phosphorus (P) levels were two-fold lower (0.15% vs. 0.07%) in the carbonate-rich systems. Accordingly, the molar C:N tissue ratios were comparable between macroalgae from the siliciclastic and carbonate sites (mean of 29.2 vs. 23.1), whereas large differences were observed for the C:P (mean of 430 vs. 976) and N:P ratios (mean of 14.9 vs. 43.4). In addition, alkaline phosphatase activity was low and often undetectable in the macroalgae from siliciclastic habitats (mean of 7.3 μM PO43− released g dry wt−1 h−1) compared to seven-fold higher rates (52.5 μM PO43− released g dry wt−1 h−1) observed in the macroalgae from carbonate systems. Seawater samples taken adjacent to benthic macroalgae from the carbonate-rich tropical waters contained relatively high levels of dissolved inorganic nitrogen with low concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and showed elevated N:SRP ratios (mean=36) compared to siliciclastic environments (mean <3). These data support the precept that availability of N limits the productivity of macroalgae in temperate siliciclastic waters but, conversely, suggest that availability of P, rather than N, may be of paramount importance in limiting primary production of macroalgae in carbonate-rich tropical waters.
6 Advances in Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Nanocomposites

The painstaking exploring for alternative energy resources is at the research leading edge because energy plays an irreplacable role in the whole world. As a result, how to achieve high-efficient energy conversion rate has become more and more crucial under the condition of limited resources. Thermoelectric (TE) nanocomposite materials, which can generate electricity from heat, could be an alternative solution for global sustainable energy. Whether the power generation by TE nanocomposite materials could be employed as a reliable substitution for getting limited energy resources or not is contingent upon the fact that synthesized TE nanomaterials possess higher thermoelectric conversion efficiency than traditional bulk materials. The inherent characteristics of the promising TE materials like potential high efficiencies and environmentally clean from the use of geothermal and solar heat made the substitution a reality (Weidenkaff et al., 2008). Moreover, as of the rapid development of the modern fabrication and characterization techniques, especially the emerging of nanoscale composite materials, a brand-new period of manufacturing nanocomposites is approaching. The enormous needs for sustainable energy combined with recent advances in thermoelectrics inspire an increasing excitement as always. Through several decades’ endeavors of the researchers, TE nanocomposites have been applied widely to an advanced level. Practical applications have been found such as renewable energies (Robert et al., 2007), electrical power generation, such as thermoelectric generators providing power in remote terrestrial and extraterrestrial like deep space exploration (Snyder & Toberer, 2008), air-warming systems (Cosnier et al., 2008), cooling systems (Lineykin & Sam, 2007) like solid-state Peltier coolers with precise thermoelectric effects for optoelectronics and passengers’ seat in aotomobiles, and like thermoelectric micro-coolers with high cooling power density, short response time and device scalability which are very suitable for high-power and compacted microelectronic devices (Liao & She, 2007) and self-powering sensors (biomedicine, environmental monitoring, gas sensing, radio frequency field detector, infrared rays detector such as SrSi2 (Hashimoto et al., 2007) and mobile phones in the future (Dragoman & Dragoman. 2007)). High efficient utilization of waste heat energy from the surrouding environment is attributed to TE technology application. Considerable quantity of power is generated by heat energy with typical efficiencies in the range from 30% to 40% efficiency. At such rates,
Hydraulic properties of fault zones in porous carbonates, examples from central and southern Italy

We present the results of in situ permeability measurements performed, using a portable field permeameter, on normal and strikeslip fault zones that crosscut high-porosity carbonate grainstones. The measurement sites expose in the Cretaceous Orfento Formation of the Majella Mountain (Abruzzo, Italy), and the Lower Pleistocene deposits of the Favignana Island (Sicily, Italy). Nine small-displacement, compactive shear banding-based fault zones have been tested in the field. The fault offset ranges between 10 and 200 centimeters. The acquired permeability data indicate a two orders of magnitude decrease of porosity and permeability from the host rock to the cataclastic fault cores. A clear dependence of the fluid circulation paths through porous carbonates is therefore inferred at depth due to orientation, density and connectivity of the fault zones. Moreover, this study indicates the key role played by the pore network characteristics (pore dimensions above all) of undeformed host rocks on determining extremely different permeability values of the faulted porous carbonate grainstones. Accordingly, the results presented in this study may be helpful in applications such as geofluids management for improving the forecasting of carbonate reservoir quality and understanding the extent of reservoir compartmentalization.
Population Therapeutics & Clinical Pharmacology

Urinary bladder cancer (BC) is the ninth most common cancer in the world and the 13th cause of cancer deaths. Aim of work : The aim of our study was to assess the role of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor of clinical outcomes in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who underwent intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Ain-shams university hospital and included 100 patients having NMIBC. Results: NLR can predict recurrence at further follow up cystoscopy at cutoff 3.3 with sensitivity of 89.7%, specificity of 85.2%, PPV of 79.5%, NPV of 92.9% and AUC was 0.90. Conclusions: Our data showed that a high value of NLR (add cutoff) evaluated preoperatively might be helpful to predict the BCG response and therefore provide critical information for the clinical management of high-risk NMIBC patients together with the prognostic factors already known.
On isostasy at Atlantic‐type continental margins

Cross-spectral techniques have been used to analyze the relationship between free air gravity anomalies and topography of approximately 100 profiles over the continental margins of eastern North America, southwest Africa, and the Coral Sea/Lord Howe Rise. The resulting admittance functions for these margins have been interpreted in terms of the flexure model of isostasy. The relatively young Coral Sea/Lord Howe rise margin is associated with the lowest value of the effective elastic thickness (Te < 5 km), while the relatively old eastern North American margin is associated with the highest value (10 < Te < 20 km). Thus Te appears to increase with the age of the margin. These results, which are consistent with flexure studies from the major ocean basins, have been interpreted in terms of a simple model in which the flexural strength of the lithosphere increases with age. The model suggests that a low-rigidity plate (or Airy-type model) is most applicable early in rifting history, while a high-rigidity plate is more applicable later in margin evolution. Thus sediments at a margin initially load a relatively thin and hot plate, while sediments later in margin evolution load a relatively thick and cold plate. The model explains a number of features of the tectonic-stratigraphic evolution of margins. These include a change in flexural style from a narrow and deep basin to a broad and shallow basin, coastal plain onlap, and uplift in the continental interior. Furthermore, the flexure model of isostasy contributes in a major way to observed free air gravity anomalies at continental margins. In particular the model explains the existance of (Airy) isostatic gravity anomalies at margins. The amplitude and wavelength of these anomalies are a function of the sediment supply, the type of mechanisms controlling sediment deposition (up building and/or out building), and the thermal structure, history, and age of the margin.
Welfare Gains from Trade under Capacity Constraints ∗

This paper proposes a trade model where firms are heterogeneous both in productivity and capacity. If a firm cannot freely adjust its production because it has a binding capacity constraint, it will face a trade-off between domestic and export sales, and will raise prices in order to take advantage of access to larger markets. This generates markets with a competitive structure where the impact of trade on welfare is not straightforward. By calibrating the model to illustrate the theoretical predictions, I show that if capacity is scarce, opening up to trade can have a negative impact on welfare. Furthermore, the larger the country’s trading partner, the smaller are the distortionary effects induced by capacity constraints. JEL Codes: F12, L11, L13, R13.
Limited Migration of Scaphitid Ammonoids: Evidence from the Analyses of Shell Whorls

Abstract The thickness ratios of shells (=whorl breadth/shell diameter) in the heteromorphic scaphitid ammonoid Scaphites planus (Yabe, 1910) from the lower middle Turonian in the Oyubari and Kotanbetsu areas of Hokkaido, Japan were examined in order to determine their mode of migration. The thickness ratios of S. planus differ significantly between the two localities, which suggest that these different populations did not frequently migrate between the two areas (currently ∼130 km apart, although the actual distance during Turonian is uncertain due to the presence of faults and folds between the two areas). There is no difference in hatchling diameters between the two areas, suggesting that the thickness ratios became manifested after the post-hatchling stage due to limited migration with in a nektobenthic habitat. This study suggests that scaphitid ammonoids became nektobenthic with limited migration at a stage earlier than previously thought (not during the transition from normal to abnormal coiling). The limited migration in scaphitid ammonoids might relate to their higher evolutionary volatility.
Microbiological water quality in rivers of the Scheldt drainage network (Belgium): impact of urban wastewater release

The Scheldt watershed is characterized by a high population density, intense industrial activities and intensive agriculture and breeding. Due to these anthropogenic pressures, microbiological water quality of the main rivers of the Scheldt drainage network is low as demonstrated by our recent monitoring survey. An evaluation of the sources of microbiological pollutions at the scale of the watershed showed that the release of treated urban wastewaters was the major cause of faecal contamination. The Zenne river, a small stream crossing the Brussels area where it receives the treated effluents of more than one million inhabitants, is a typical example of a river strongly impacted by wastewater release. Studies, as the present one, leading to understand the microbial contamination are important for both industrialized and developing countries where the low microbiological water quality is responsible for numerous waterborne diseases.
Methamphetamine Abuse: Epidemiologic Issues and Implications : (NIDA Research Monograph ; 115)

ACKNOWLEDGMENT This monograph is based on the papers and discussion from a technical review on " Methamphetamine Abuse: Epidemiologic Issues and Implications " The National Institute on Drug Abuse has obtained permission from the copyright holders to reproduce certain previously published material as noted in the text. Further reproduction of this copyrighted material is permitted only as part of a reprinting of the entire publication or chapter. For any other use, the copyright holder's permission is required. All other material in this volume except quoted passages from copyrighted sources is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission from the Institute or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. Opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or official policy of the National Institute on Drug Abuse or any other part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context of the studies reported herein, NIDA Research Monographs are indexed in the Index Medicus. They are selectively included in the coverage of American Statistics Index, BioSciences Information Service, Chemical Abstracts, Current Contents, Psychological Abstracts, and Psychopharmacology Abstracts.
Geometry of inset channels and the sediment composition of fluvian benches in agricultural drainage systems in Ohio

Abstract: In Ohio, agricultural channels have been constructed or modified to transport surface runoff and subsurface drainage away from agricultural fields. The development of depositional bars, or benches, in these agricultural channel systems has been a focus of maintenance activities. Objectives of the reported study were to: (1) determine if there was a relationship between inset channel geometry, as defined by its benches, and geometry predicted by regional curves that relate bankfull geometry to drainage area; (2) evaluate the effect of channel geometry on bed material particle size distribution; and (3) determine if the particle size distribution of bench materials was related to depth from the surface and position on the bench. The study was conducted on low gradient ditches that are headwaters of the Mississippi River and Lake Erie. An analysis to determine the extent of bench and inset channel formation was undertaken using 0.15 m (0.5 ft) resolution panchromatic digital orthophotos. Geomorphology measurements were made at 13 sites, and a 61 cm (24 in) long split-spoon sampler, with a 7.6 cm (3 in) inner diameter, was used to extract cores from the benches at each site. About 59% of the assessed channels showed inset channel development and bench formation. For 12 of the 13 sites, the bankfull dimensions of the inset channel were consistent with regional curves. All benches showed fining of materials with distance away from the inset channel. It was concluded that benches evolve much like floodplains that build because of overbank accretion. The results will be helpful in determining alternative strategies for improving the drainage function of these systems while enhancing ecological habitat and water quality.