Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of intra-operative frozen section in the diagnosis of ovarian mass

Background: Ovarian cancer is the most common cause of cancer death from gynecological tumors in Iran. Despite the fact that intra-operative frozen section, which is widely used in diagnosis of ovarian tumors, there are problems associated with the diagnostic procedure in this setting. The aim of this study was to compare the intra-operative frozen section with the permanent histopathological sections in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer at Rouhani Hospital in north of Iran. Methods: The intra-operative frozen section diagnosis was conducted on 126 women with ovarian masses, who underwent surgery between January 2006 and July 2011. The results of the intraoperative frozen section were compared with those of the past histopathological diagnoses of permanent sections as the gold standard. Results: The overall accuracy of intra-operative frozen section diagnosis was 94.4%. There were 0.9% cases with false-positive as well as 1.8% cases with false-negative. The sensitivity and specificity values were 66.7% and 100% for malignant tumors, 80.0% and 95.9 % for borderline tumors, and 99.1% and 90.0% for benign tumors, respectively. All inaccurate diagnoses were for the epithelial tumors. Conclusion: The intra-operative frozen section diagnosis is a reliable method for the surgical management of the patients with an ovarian mass. Diagnostic problems can occur during the intraoperative frozen section examination. The clinicians and pathologists must be aware of the pitfalls of this method; therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a good communication among them
The Disclosure and Use of Social and Environmental Information by Libyan Banks

There is increasing interest in social and environmental issues throughout the world, especially in developed countries, where governments, organizations, and society well recognise the impact of business activities on the environment and society. Consequently, companies have potentially no alternative but to behave in a responsible manner, socially and environmentally, and to prove this by disclosing information about their related conduct. In this regard, banks play two important roles: first, as providers of social and environmental information in much the same manner as nonfinancial companies; and second, as providers of finance, by encouraging—if not obliging—bank customers to consider society and the environment in their bank-financed projects. Banks fulfil the latter role by requiring social and environmental information from companies when making lending decisions. Only a few Libyan studies have examined social and environmental issues in relation to economic activity, and these have generally revealed low levels of disclosure practice by organisations, including banks, in these areas. In addition, many changes have taken place in the Libyan economy and banking sector in recent years, including the establishment of a market exchange; decreased government participation in economic activities; and increased growth of the private sector that results, especially in the banking sector, with the entrance of foreign investors. These changes have placed a new emphasis on bank operations and the participation of banks in the Libyan economy. Thus, studying Libyan banks, in terms of their role in the environment and society, has attracted growing interest. As such, the core objective of this thesis has been to investigate the position of Libyan banks in relation to social and environmental issues and disclosure by considering their dual role as both providers and users of such information.
Pre-Recorded Telephone Messages As An Alternative To Follow-Up Survey Reminder Postcards: The Effectiveness Of Autodialer Software Used During The Pennsylvania County Estimates Survey

Software which dials specified telephone numbers and delivers an automated telephone message was tested as an alternative to postcard reminders in the Pennsylvania county estimates survey. The recorded telephone message was automatically dialed and delivered to two randomly selected subsamples of operations selected for the survey. One subsample received the message following the first mailing of the questionnaire. A second subsample received the message immediately preceding the second mailing of the questionnaire. A third random sample received the same reminder message on a traditional postcard reminder delivered via US Postal Service mail. Response rates for each of these groups were compared to a control group which received no reminder. All three reminder groups had higher response rates than the control group, with the postcard reminder increasing response the most.
Study of two-body B decays to kaons and pions: Observation of B ---> pi+ pi-, B ---> K+- pi0, and B ---> K0 pi0 decays

We have studied charmless hadronic decays of B mesons into two-body final states with kaons and pions and observe three new processes with the following branching fractions: B(B → ππ) = (4.3 −1.4±0.5)×10 , B(B → Kπ) = (14.6 −5.1−3.3) × 10 , and B(B → Kπ) = (11.6 −2.7−1.3) × 10 . We also update our previous measurements for the decays B → Kπ and B → Kπ.
How much risk can I handle? The role of experience sampling and graphical displays on one's investment risk appetite and comprehension

Financial professionals have a great deal of discretion concerning how to relay information about the risk of financial products to their clients. This paper examines how different risk presentation modes influence how well investors understand the risk-return profile of financial products and how much risk they are willing to accept. We analyze four different ways of communicating risk: (i) numerical descriptions, (ii) experience sampling, (iii) graphical displays, and (iv) a combination of these formats in a ‘risk tool simulation’. Participants receive information about a risky and a risk free fund and make an allocation in an experimental investment portfolio. We find that risky allocations are elevated in both the risk tool simulation and experience sampling conditions. Greater risky allocations are mediated by decreased risk perception, increased confidence in the risky fund, and a lower estimation of the probability of a loss. Despite these indicators of optimism about the risky fund, participants in the risk tool simulation underestimate the probability of a high gain and are more accurate on comprehension questions on the expected return and the probability of a loss. We find no evidence of greater dissatisfaction with returns in these conditions and observe a willingness to take on similar levels of risk in subsequent allocations. Our paper has important implications for the current debate about regulating the communications between financial advisors and their clients.
Consumption Behavior of Farmer Households in Rural Sumbawa, Indonesia

The welfare level of farmer in rural Sumbawa was steadily low although the potency of natural resources at their vicinity was high. This paper determines the consumption behaviour as well as the welfare level a farmer households in rural Sumbawa, Indonesia. The household size, years of education, and farming incomes were used as indicators of on-farm performance. This research was carried out in February until April 2015 at two separate forest areas which were administratively under Labuhan Badas village, i.e. community forestry (HKm) in the state production forest and private owned forests (POF). A number of 34 respondents perlocation were purposively selected. The multiple linear regression was implemented to analyze factors affecting farmer household consumption behaviour, while the exchange value for income earned by farmer (EVIF) was incorporated to measure the welfare level. The regression revealed that the consumption behaviour at two groups of respondents were positively related with three indicators, i.e. household size, years of education, and farming incomes. Meanwhile, the household size affected the consumption behaviour of the HKm farmers but not the POF farmers. Furthermore, the consumption is strongly affected by the income generated from both forest areas. The EVIF approach revealed that the welfare of whole farmers were still low (EVIF = 0.74-0.99). The government, therefore, should subsidize rain fed paddy and tobacco seeds varieties which are suitable with the local climate, while the farmers are trained to process the flesh of cashew fruit into wine or chips and encouraged to cultivate calliandra trees for apiculture development and wood pellet or charcoal production.
Definition and measurement of supplier quality in industrial services

TOPI JÄRVENSIVU: DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT OF SUPPLIER QUALITY IN INDUSTRIAL SERVICES Tampere University of Technology Master of Science Thesis, 109 pages, 11 Appendix pages May 2017 Master’s Degree Programme in Industrial Engineering and Management Major: Production control and logistics Examiners: Professor Jussi Heikkilä and Senior Research Fellow Aki Jääskeläinen
Secondary Market Transparency and Corporate Bond Issuing Costs

Mandated post-trade transparency in secondary markets lowers the cost of issuing corporate bonds. We show that costs are lower due to the mitigation of information asymmetry in the issuing process. Three pieces of evidence support this finding. First, new issues with higher information asymmetry experience relatively larger reductions in issuing costs. These bonds also experience lower reductions in trading activity than lower information asymmetry bonds, so liquidity cannot explain these results. Second, when a larger fraction of trades in comparable bonds are made post-trade transparent, new issue pricing improves. This holds when conditioning on expected bond liquidity. Third, transparency raises prices in the secondary market, but not by as much as it does for newly issued bonds.
THE INFLUENCE OF AUDIT COMMITTEE CHARACTERISTICS ON REAL EARNINGS MANAGEMENT

Current study tests the impact of audit committees to the real earnings management.Using the manufacturing public listed companies from Indoensia Stock Exchange from 2012 until 2014, we found that that financial and accounting expertise of audit committee members and audit committee size have positive effect on real earnings management. Furthermore, we also found that the dual positions of the audit committee chairman have a negative effect on earnings management. The Tenure of audit committee chairman however, has no impact on real earnings management.
Credit Environment and Small Business Dynamics: Evidence from Establishment-Level Data

We evaluate how a positive, technology-driven shock to bank liquidity affects small business dynamics across different size distributions. We first show that banks receiving positive liquidity shocks increase lending to relatively larger SMEs, not to the smallest firms. This finding is consistent with the view that a positive liquidity shock enhances bank charter values, thereby reducing risk-taking incentives. Moreover, such disproportionate credit allocation leads to a crowding-out effect on micro firms. When larger SMEs grow faster and exit less because of better access to credit, their expansion stifles the development of micro firms, whose access to credit remains unchanged.
Rola wizerunku krajowego produktu turystycznego w kreowaniu ruchu turystycznego. Studium przypadku na przykładzie Polski i Łotwy

Wielkośc ruchu turystycznego jest poza takimi czynnikami, jak lokalizacja, atrakcyjnośc walorow turystycznych, stan i struktura infrastruktury turystycznej itp. , w duzej mierze efektem kreowania określonego wizerunku przez podmioty polityki turystycznej funkcjonujące na danym terenie. Dla rozwoju ruchu turystycznego wystepującego w danym panstwie niezbedne jest kreowanie wizerunku krajowego produktu turystycznego. Celem opracowania jest wskazanie na znaczenie wizerunku kraju dla przyjazdowego ruchu turystycznego na przykladzie Polski i Łotwy. W artykule przyjeto teze, iz brak dzialan marketingowych prowadzonych przez podmioty odpowiedzialne za turystyke w Polsce w aspekcie kreowania wizerunku produktu turystycznego skutkuje brakiem skojarzen z nim związanych jako destynacji turystycznej, co w konsekwencji nie wplywa korzystnie na rozwoj ruchu turystycznego. Artykul sklada sie z trzech cześci merytorycznych, wstepu i podsumowania. W pierwszej cześci opracowania omowiono istote wizerunku obszarowego produktu turystycznego, w drugiej – teoretyczno-empiryczne ujecie zagranicznego ruchu turystycznego w Polsce ze szczegolnym uwzglednieniem turystow z Łotwy, natomiast w trzeciej przedstawiono w formie studium przypadku wyniki badan ankietowych przeprowadzonych wśrod potencjalnych turystow z Łotwy.
The Distribution of Non-Wage Benefits: Maternity Benefits and Gender Diversity

Why do firms offer nonwage compensation instead of the equivalent amount in financial compensation? We argue that firms use nonwage benefits, specifically female-friendly benefits, such as maternity leave, to increase gender diversity by efficiently attracting women. Using Glassdoor data, we show that firms offer higher-quality maternity leave benefits in labor markets in which female talent is relatively scarce. This result also holds more generally when examining all female-friendly nonwage benefits and is not present when looking at gender-neutral benefits. Moreover, using staggered adoption of state laws, we show that voluntary provision of these benefits can increase firm value.
Prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Cattle in Yobe State, Nigeria Based on Caudal Fold Intradermal Tuberculin Test -

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Yobe State, Nigeria to estimate the prevalence rate of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle based on caudal fold intradermal tuberculin test. A total of 3003 cattle, consisting 1209 males and 1794 females were tested. The overall positives out of 3003 cattle tested were Two Hundred and Ninety Seven (297) with a prevalence rate of (9.9%, 95%CI = 7.3-13.5). Based on sex 122(10.1%, 95%CI = 8.2-15.7) males were positives while 174(9.8%, 95%CI = 7.1-13.7) females were positives. The chi-squire (x 2 ) test of significance based on sex shows the difference was not statistically significant at (P<0.05). This study has shown that the effect of age and body condition score of cattle tested on the prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis infection as reflected by caudal fold intradermal tuberculin test is statistically significant at (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of Mycobacterium bovis infection and the public health implications in cattle in the study area in particular. Control measures are also suggested.
Bank Performance: Does Bank Size Matter?

III LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . IV CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY . 1 1.1.1 Kenya Banking Sector . 2 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM. 4 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY . 4 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY . 5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 6 2.
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of post-exposure prophylaxis against blood-borne viral infection among dental surgeons in a teaching hospital

Background: This study was aimed at assessing the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of dental surgeons on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among all the consenting dental surgeons at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, between May and July, 2015. The survey was carried out using a self-administered, anonymous, twenty-five item, and structured questionnaire.Results: A total of 40 (74.1%) males and 14 (25.9%) females responded in the study. The majority, 37 (68.5%), of the dental surgeons had inadequate knowledge about PEP. Majority of the dental surgeons, 44 (81.5%), had a good attitude towards PEP for HIV/HBV. From the study participants, 52 (96.3%) agreed on the importance of PEP for HIV/HBV in the work place. A high proportion of the respondents, 47 (87.0%), had been vaccinated against HBV. Among all of the respondents, 25 (46.3%) were exposed to H.
Animal Models in Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a treatment method for patients with end-stage renal insufficiency. Its efficacy and possibility for at-home performance make it the treatment of choice for many patients (Blake, 2001; Trbojevic et al. 2001). It is especially recommended for elderly persons, patients with insulindependent diabetes or heart disease (Stojimirovic and Nesic, 1998). The main goal of this treatment is to achieve complete social and physical rehabilitation of the patient. The main elements of the PD system are the peritoneal vascular network, peritoneal membrane and dialysis solution in the peritoneal cavity. Dialysis solution is instilled continuously or intermittently into the peritoneal cavity through a surgically implanted catheter in the front abdominal wall. Water and solute exchange between this solution and the patient’s blood is achieved by osmosis and diffusion. These processes occur through the peritoneal barrier consisting of a stagnant fluid layer within the peritoneal capillaries, the capillary endothelium and basement membrane, the interstitium, the mesothelium and the stagnant fluid layer within the peritoneal cavity. In this way PD substitutes at least two of the impaired renal functions in uremic patients: evacuation of degradation products accumulated in the blood and removal of excess water (Stojimirovic and Nesic, 1998). Mesothelium is damaged by uremic changes in the internal environment, while PD additionally injures the peritoneum (Obradovic et al., 2000; Stojimirovic et al., 2000). Continuous exposure to hyperosmolar dialysis solution with low pH and high glucose concentration causes various pathological changes in the peritoneal membrane structure. Frequent peritonitis episodes further damage this fragile tissue (Stojimirovic et al., 2001a, 2001b).
Information, Technology, and Market Rewards: Incentivizing Aflatoxin Control in Ghana

Food safety hazards arising at the farm level affect the health of agricultural households as well as access to high value markets, which typically require that produce meets strict quality and food safety standards. Smallholder farmers face a number of barriers to improving the quality and safety of their produce, including a lack of awareness about safety and quality standards, the cost of equipment required to improve these, and the failure of premium prices to pass through to farmers. In this paper, we examine how lifting each of these barriers affects Ghanaian groundnut farmers’ adoption of post-harvest practices that reduce aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxins are carcinogenic secondary metabolites of certain molds, which cause serious health problems including liver cancer. Common in groundnuts and maize, staple foods in much of Africa, aflatoxins pose a major threat to food safety and hinder the development of local agricultural value chains and export markets. Aflatoxin contamination can be substantially reduced through low-tech, low-cost post-harvest practices. We conducted a randomized control trial in northern Ghana with 1,005 farmers over the course of two seasons to test the imapct of three interventions to improve post harvest practices and reduce aflatoxin levels: (1) farmer training on aflatoxin and its prevention, (2) distribution of free drying tarps, and (3) a price premium for groundnuts found to comply with the local aflatoxin regulation. Training farmers substantially improves post-harvest practices. Tarp receipt further improves some practices, particularly with regards to drying surface. Surprisingly, we find that the price premium had little effect on reported or observed practices, and few farmers even sold nuts at this premium despite achieving compliance. Relative to training alone, tarp distribution reduced afaltoxin contamination by approximately 50 percent in the region and year when background levels were highest. The market premium also reduced aflatoxin levels, although to a lesser extent.
Les suppurations collectées intra-crâniennes. Etude de 64 observations anatomo-cliniques: abcès: 44 cas, empyème sous-dural: 16 cas, empyème extra-dural: 4 cas

a Les abcès par infection de voisinage : les abcès traumatiques représentent 12 cas dans cette série (27 %), l’abcès survenant dans un délai de 1 à 4 mois. Six cas étaient secondaires à des plaies cutanéocrâniennes négligées. les abcès par propagation d’une infection de voisinage sont relativement peu fréquents, 13 cas (29 %) : . 2 ostéïtes fronto-sus-orbitaires fistulées dont l’une a trouvé son origine dans un abcès du coude deux mois auparavant, . 3 sinusites frontales, . 2 ostéïtes purulentes chroniques de plus d’un an, . 1 staphylococcie maligne de la face, . 1 furoncle de la racine du nez, . 1 abcès péri-orbitaire, . 3 méningites.
From Providing Access To Promoting Success: Transforming A Community College System’s Advising Services

The economy of the early twenty-first century endured the Great Recession, demanded an increasingly skilled workforce, and saw technological advancements that enabled new levels of scrutiny and accountability. Within this environment, institutions of higher education felt the impacts of recession and recovery, changing workforce demands, and heightened scrutiny. For community colleges, student demographics shifted and challenges grew as they admitted high numbers of students who faced obstacles to attaining their academic goals, such as a lack of preparation for college level work, low socioeconomic status, unclear goals, and first-generation status. With little ability to control these factors and mounting pressure to ensure positive student outcomes, higher education administrators began to rely on advising to help shepherd students through unfamiliar academic territory and build students’ institutional integration. During that time, a system of community colleges in the northeastern U.S. sought to support at-risk students to academic success through a program of proactive advising delivered by professional advisors and peer mentors. This qualitative collective case study examined the experiences of peer mentors to discover how they perceived advising contributed to their socio-academic integration and led to their success as students. Through semi-structured interviews of peer mentors and advisors, the study found that these successful students were motivated by those close to them and by their emerging personal goals, sought help with practical enrollment matters and grew to accept help academically, felt comfortable at their institutions through initial familiarity and that comfort continually increased, and established self-confidence in their academic and personal iv capabilities. Implications for advising practice include building advisor-student relationships as soon as possible, proactively and regularly communicating with students in a variety of ways, involving all campus constituencies in advising efforts, and celebrating and building on student success. The study provides recommendations for practitioners, including early and consistent communication, respect for individual needs and preferences while recognizing that all students have some level of need, and proactively building positive, not punitive, advisor-student relationships. Also included are suggestions for further research in the field of academic advising within and beyond the community college setting.