Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ameliorated Impact of Fenugreek Seed Extract on Some Blood Cellular and Biochemical Parameters in Female Albino Rats Exposed to Lead Acetate

Lead acetate (LA) is considered as the common hazardous compund present in our habitat. It has a several diverse-organ toxicant effect in various healthy issues included diseases of the hepatic, renal, and other body systems. Fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) were used in curing medicine and as food supplement since ancient times. After that, their antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties have been studied. Therefore the presented was based on their biological properties of this plant and conducted to examine the protective impact of fenugreek seed extract upon LA toxicity on some blood cellular and biochemical parameters of female albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). Twenty eight female rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups each one contain seven rats as following; first group received basal diet and tap water ad libitum. Second group received basal diet and LA 80 mg/L with water ad libitum. Third group received basal diet contained 2.5% fenugreek seed extract and LA 80 mg/L with water ad libitum. Fourth group received basal diet contained 2.5% fenugreek seed extract with water ad libitum. Rat’s administration was continued daily for two weeks respectively. The administration of rats with LA produced significant reduction in liver weight, food intake, while it increased triglyceride (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), uric acid (UA) and creatinie (CR). While supplemented diet with 2.5% Fenugreek seed extract improved body weight, organ weight, lipid peroxidation, TG, ALP, and AST. Our results plead for the profiteering of fenugreek seeds as a dietary supplement, because it showed protective effect of their content in polyphenolic flavonoids, antioxidant and membrane-protective effects, against exposure to the LA compound to protect injurious risk.
Anionic Exchange Membranes as a Soil Test for Nitrogen Availability

Abstract A better understanding of nitrogen (N) availability to crops remains an essential key for a productive and safe production system. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of anionic exchange membranes (AEMs) as part of a soil‐testing procedure to predict in situ soil NO3‐N availability for forage and corn produced in eastern Canada. The AEMs were buried in the surface horizon (0–15 cm) at four experimental sites for forage and at one site for corn. Treatments consisted of five NH4NO3 rates (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg N ha−1) in forage and of six anhydrous ammonia (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg N ha−1) in corn production. In all sites, NO3 − adsorbed on AEMs (NO3AEMs) increased significantly with N fertilizer rates, indicating the ability of the AEMs to detect differences between N fertilizer treatments and to predict the soil N availability to crops. The NO3AEMs fluxes were significantly related to soil NO3‐N concentration as extracted by water or KCl (0.66≤R2≤0.95). Significant relationships between crop N uptake and NO3AEMs were obtained (0.52≤R2≤0.94), suggesting that AEMs can be used as an index of soil N availability. Results indicated that AEMs provide a reasonably accurate evaluation of N availability to forage and corn. Because of their low cost, simplicity, and consistency over years, soils, and crops, AEMs could be efficiently used in soil N availability analysis.
Structural Analysis of Residual and Technical Lignins by 1H-13C Correlation 2D NMR-Spectroscopy

Summary Structural analysis was conducted on residual lignin from pine Kraft AQ pulp, Eucalyptus Kraft lignin from Eucalyptus globulus and Repap Organosolv lignin by 2D 13C-1H correlation NMR spectroscopic techniques such as HMQC sequence. These lignins contain a rather wide variety of saturated aliphatic groups. The HMQC NMR spectra of the lignins do not verify the presence of diarylmethane moieties in any lignin investigated. The type and amount of other condensed structures depend on the nature of lignin preparation. All the lignins investigated still contained β-O-4′, pino- and syringayresinol (β-β′) and phenylcoumarane (β-5′) structures. Stilbene structures were also identified. Vinyl ether structures were present only in Eucalyptus Kraft lignin. All the lignins contain α-carbonyl groups conjugated to aromatic moieties as terminal side chains rather than involving β-O-4′ structures. No coniferyl alcohol and coniferyl aldehyde type structures are detected in the lignins after pulping. The spectra of kraft lignins show some new signals, the origin of which is discussed.
Characterization of CO2 precipitated Kraft lignin to promote its utilization

Converting pulp mills into forest biorefineries to produce biopower and biomaterials can decrease their environmental impact and increase feasibility at the same time. One of the key challenges to reach this goal is the recovery of lignin from process streams for subsequent utilization in a variety of innovative green processes. This study examines the fundamental chemical structure of lignin recovered from Kraft pulping streams by an acid precipitation/washing methodology. Functional group analysis and molecular weight profiles were determined by NMR and SEC with promising results for future conversions; such as low hydroxyl (oxygen) contents and low molecular weights (∼3000 g mol−1).
Weakly Supervised Deep Reinforcement Learning for Video Summarization With Semantically Meaningful Reward

Conventional unsupervised video summarization algorithms are usually developed in a frame level clustering manner For example, frame level diversity and representativeness are two typical clustering criteria used for unsupervised reinforcement learning-based video summarization. Inspired by recent progress in video representation techniques, we further introduce the similarity of video representations to construct a semantically meaningful reward for this task. We consider that a good summarization should also be semantically identical to its original source, which means that the semantic similarity can be regarded as an additional criterion for summarization. Through combining a novel video semantic reward with other unsupervised rewards for training, we can easily upgrade an unsupervised reinforcement learning-based video summarization method to its weakly supervised version. In practice, we first train a video classification sub-network (VCSN) to extract video semantic representations based on a category-labeled video dataset. Then we fix this VCSN and train a summary generation sub-network (SGSN) using unlabeled video data in a reinforcement learning way. Experimental results demonstrate that our work significantly surpasses other unsupervised and even supervised methods. To the best of our knowledge, our method achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of the correlation coefficients, Kendall’s and Spearman’s .
DMD065870 1468..1476

Canagliflozin (CNF) and dapagliflozin (DPF) are the first sodiumglucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors to be approved for clinical use. Although available evidence excludes clinically significant inhibition of cytochromes P450, the effects of CNF and DPF on human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes are unknown. Here, we report the inhibition of human recombinant UGTs by CNF and DPF, along with the Ki values for selected recombinant and human liver microsomal UGTs. CNF inhibited all UGT1A subfamily enzymes, but the greatest inhibition was observed with UGT1A1, UGT1A9, and UGT1A10 (IC50 values £ 10 mM). DPF similarly inhibited UGT1A1, UGT1A9, and UGT1A10, with IC50 values ranging from 39 to 66 mM. In subsequent kinetic studies, CNF inhibited recombinant and human liver microsomal UGT1A9; Ki values ranged from 1.4 to 3.0 mM, depending on the substrate (propofol/4-methylumbelliferone) enzyme combination. Ki values for CNF inhibition of UGT1A1 were approximately 3-fold higher. Consistent with the activity screening data, DPF was a less potent inhibitor of UGT1A1 and UGT1A9. The Ki for DPF inhibition of UGT1A1 was 81 mM, whereas the Ki values for inhibition of UGT1A9 ranged from 12 to 15 mM. Based on the in vitro Ki values and plasma concentrations reported in the literature, DPF may be excluded as a perpetrator of DDIs arising from inhibition of UGT enzymes, but CNF inhibition of UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 in vivo cannot be discounted. Since the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors share common structural features, notably a glycoside moiety, investigation of drugs in this class for effects on UGT to identify (or exclude) potential drug-drug interactions is warranted.
Phytoextraction of Zinc by Indian Mustard and Tall Fescue

Abstract This experiment evaluated the capacity of two species, Indian mustard (Brassica juncea Czern.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) to extract zinc (Zn) from soils. Also, this experiment focused on using nitrogen (N) fertilizers to increase the phytoextraction of Zn. Two soils of the Hadley series (Typic Udifluvents) were studied. A treatment array of Zn concentrations in soils was supplied as zinc sulfate. Nitrogen was supplied at 200 mg N/kg of soil as calcium nitrate, urea, or compost. Two successive plantings of Indian mustard in the same media were grown until flowering and harvested. Fescue was grown from seeding to a height of 15 cm, harvested, grown again in the same media to a height of 15 cm, and harvested again. After the second harvests of Indian mustard and fescue, soil samples were taken for analysis of extracts with water and with Morgan's solution. Indian mustard was grown with Zn additions ranging from 0 to 100 mg/kg soil. The shoot mass of Indian mustard in both harvests increased to a soil‐Zn level of 25 mg/kg and then decreased. Although growth decreased as the soil‐Zn levels increased beyond 25 mg/kg, Zn concentration and total accumulation increased linearly as the soil‐Zn levels increased. Zinc concentration and accumulation in Indian mustard were highest in soils amended with urea and were lowest in soils with no fertilizer. Fescue was grown with Zn additions ranging from 0 to 1000 mg/kg soil. The shoot mass of fescue increased to a soil‐Zn level of 125 mg/kg (harvest 1) or 250 mg/kg (harvest 2) and then decreased as the soil‐Zn levels increased. Concentration and accumulation of Zn in fescue increased linearly as the soil‐Zn levels increased. Zinc concentration and accumulation were highest in fescue grown in soils amended with urea and lowest in soils with no fertilizer. The highest accumulation of Zn in fescue (3800 mg/pot) occurred at 1000 mg Zn/kg soil. Highest concentrations of soil Zn were extracted with Morgan's solution or water from soils amended with urea, regardless of the species grown in the soils. Lowest concentrations of Zn were extracted from soils with no fertilizer added, regardless of extract or species. In general, if fertilizers (calcium nitrate, urea, or compost) were added to the soils, the pH decreased. Fescue was easy to grow, tolerated much higher soil‐Zn levels than Indian mustard in this research, and could be a species useful for phytoextraction of Zn.
Quantifying the Impact of Stratigraphic and Sedimentologic Heterogeneities on Flow in Carbonate Reservoirs through Integrated Flow Simulation Experiments, #120049 (2012)

We present the results of an investigation into how stratigraphic heterogeneities impact on flow in carbonate ramp reservoirs. Although stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and diagenetic heterogeneities in carbonates reservoirs are well documented, the relative influence of different heterogeneities on recovery is poorly understood. A hierarchy of heterogeneity in carbonate reservoirs (presented separately by Hampson et al.) was used to catalogue the wide range of heterogeneities documented from outcrop and subsurface examples at progressively decreasing length-scales of observation. Using the hierarchy as a framework, surface-based models were constructed at progressively increasing levels of geologic detail, and an analysis of the impact of heterogeneities on flow is completed at each level. This top-down modeling approach, combined with the use of efficient, surface-based grids, avoids the problem of spending too much time constructing a very high-resolution model, which is not appropriate for direct flow simulation. Additionally, as increasing levels of detail are included into the models, simulated production behavior changes so that an understanding is generated of the interpretational details required to capture fluid flow patterns and of which heterogeneities are key in controlling flow. Well placements, fluid properties, and / or relative permeability and capillary pressure models may alter how geologic heterogeneities impact on flow. Additional simulations, incorporating different production schemes and rock type models, were used to identify and understand these effects. Experiment Design and Model Set-Up Our modeling experiments use fractional factorial experimental design as a tool to investigate the relative impact of different heterogeneities on a number of flow-based performance criteria. A selection of heterogeneities relevant to hydrocarbon production was chosen from the hierarchy for inclusion in our geologic models. Each heterogeneity is assigned two end-member settings, which are chosen to be representative of a range of documented reservoirs and outcrop analogues (Figure 1 shows the six stratigraphic heterogeneities modeled here, at levels 1-3 of the hierarchy). The experimental design is used to define the combination of heterogeneity settings that are incorporated into the resulting models. This approach allows efficient exploration of the parameter space defined by the end-member settings of the various heterogeneities, and establishes the rank order of heterogeneities that influence the simulated reservoir performance. The results serve as a screening study that can be used to direct effort in subsequent case-specific modeling studies.
Hot carriers in mixed Pb-Sn halide perovskite semiconductors cool slowly while retaining their electrical mobility

Maurizio Monti ,1,* K. D. G. Imalka Jayawardena ,2 Edward Butler-Caddle,1 Rajapakshe M. I. Bandara,2 Jack M. Woolley ,3 Michael Staniforth,1,3 S. Ravi P. Silva ,2 and James Lloyd-Hughes 1,† 1Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom 2Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom 3Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND ITS COMMITMENT: IMPACT OF COVID-19 IN NEPAL WITH SOUTH ASIAN PERSPECTIVE

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is an essential source of economic development. It has a broad relationship with different dimensions of the mixed economies. Like other development assistance, FDI also needs the best economic environment. This investigation aims to find the impact of Covid -19 on FDI inflow and other barriers to receiving FDI commitment in Nepal. This study is descriptive and analytical. Secondary data are used in the study. Foreign direct investment can be obtained as the government prioritized agriculture, tourism, energy, IT, infrastructure, etc., considering rapid economic Development. The government of Nepal is accepting and implementing foreign investment proposals of donor commitments. However, the Covid -19 pandemic has reduced FDI commitments funds as envisioned. Pandemic is not the only barrier of investment commitment. Still, there are also investment barriers are like, Business environment, poor infrastructure, lack of human resource skills, political transitions, weak governance, natural calamities, diverse and complex geography, tax slab, red tape, and climate change are critical in Nepal. Though the FDI in Nepal till 2019 was an upward trajectory, the 2020 pandemic has reduced it as Nepal's primary economic development source. South Asian environment can create FDI friendly environment in Nepal. Finally, this paper is a new one and full authority for future researchers. Keywords: Covid-19 pandemic, Foreign Direct Investment, Commitment, Business Environment, NepalJEL Classification: F23, I1, M0
The Effect of Implicit Corrective Feedback on English Writing of International Second Language Learners

Debate about the value and the effect of both kinds of corrective feedback, explicit and implicit on second language writing has been prominent in recent years. Second language writing researchers investigate whether written implicit corrective feedback facilitates the acquisition of linguistic features. In contrast, L2 writing researchers generally emphasize the question of whether written corrective feedback helps student writers improve their writing texts and reduces their language errors. Understanding these differences is important because it provides guidelines for English language writing teachers on what are the best way to provide feedback for student writers. A quasi-experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of implicit corrective feedback on the English writing of international second language learners in a UK educational context. It scrutinizes the application of teacher implicit written feedback in relation to the advancement of the writing skill of second language learners within a short-term period. A case study consisting of a small group of international students received implicit written feedback through codes representing specific types of writing errors. Participants were also interviewed to understand their views regarding teacher implicit written feedback and their reactions towards it. The results of the study revealed that teacher implicit written feedback helped correcting particular type of errors while other errors mandated the intervention of the teacher oral feedback.
NMR Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Poly(lactic acid)s

1H and 13C NMR analyses of l- and d.l-lactic acid oligomers were found considerably improved by recording spectra in DMSO-d6 instead of CDCl3. Systematic comparison of oligomer spectra led to the identification of a neighboring effect which was shown to be linearly additive. Assignment of all the 13C NMR chemical shifts belonging to the different constitutive units was realized up to the octamer. Furthermore, the well-identified positions of the resonances of chain end units in the 1H NMR spectra were used to determine the absolute average degree of polymerization of oligomers issued from polycondensation. Data were also used to study oligomers with covalently modified chain ends. Findings are of great interest for the study of the ultimate degradation stages of poly(lactic acid)s.
Cobalt phosphide as a highly active non-precious metal cocatalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light irradiation

Cobalt phosphide (Co2P) is found, for the first time, to be a novel cocatalyst for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution for a system containing CdS nanorods as a photocatalyst and DL-mandelic acid as an electron donor in water. Under optimal conditions, the H2-production rate can reach up to 19 373 μmolh−1 g−1 after 10 h of LED light irradiation. Meanwhile, DL-mandelic acid can be oxidized to benzoylformic acid by the photo-generated holes of CdS nanorods, providing a green and economic way to synthesize benzoylformic acid from DL-mandelic acid.
Novel hydroxycinnamamide from morpholine and pyrrolidine: Synthesis, characterization, docking study, and anticancer activity against P388 leukemia murine cells

This study aimed to synthesize N-(p-coumaroyl)morpholine (6a), N-caffeoylmorpholine (6b), N-(p-coumaroyl) pyrrolidine (7a), and N-caffeoylpyrrolidine (7b) from p-coumaric and caffeic acid through acetylation, chlorination, amidation, and deacetylation reactions. The characterization of these compounds was committed by Fourier transform infra-red and NMR spectroscopy, while the anticancer activity was studied against murine leukemia P388 cells. Compounds 6a, 6b, and 7b were found to have remarkable anticancer activity with IC50 values ≤ 50 μg/ml. Furthermore, 6b performed very active anticancer activity with IC50 of 1.48 μg/ml. The molecular docking study of compound 6b against the Top1 protein receptor showed the presence of hydrogen bond interactions on Asn722 and Thr718 amino acid residue. Thus, these compounds are promising candidates as anticancer agents.
THE EFFECT OF M3 MONETARY AGGREGATES AND BANK LOANS ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF COUNTRIES IN THE EUROZONE, THE USA AND JAPAN

This paper examines the influence of selected indicators of the banking sector (M3 monetary aggregates and bank loans provided to the non-financial private sector) on economic growth (GDP) in the Eurozone, the USA and Japan. Cointegration of these selected indicators of the banking sector has been demonstrated in relation to the development of GDP using the Engle Granger cointegration test. These tests were applied to selected statistical data from the years 2000 to 2015. The first was to determine the optimum delay using Akaike criteria for all-time series analysed. Then the presence of a unit root was analysed using the Dickey Fuller test. Based on the test results, time series were excluded which appear to be stationary. If the conditions were met, testing then continued with the Engle Granger test to detect cointegration relations, which would determine a relationship between selected variables. Based on these tests, it was found that at a significance level of 0.05, no cointegration relationship exists between any of the time series in the countries surveyed. The document can be downloaded at http://hdl.handle. net/10195/67943.
Implementation of Dolanan Bocah to Improve The Speaking Proficiency of Primary School Students

Received Nov 23, 2017 Revised May 12, 2018 Accepted May 26, 2018 This research aims to improve the speaking proficiency of 5th grade students at SD Negeri Mendungan 2 Yogyakarta by utilising dolanan bocah (traditional games) in the learning process. This classroom action research was conducted in two cycles. The subjects of this action research are the 5th grade students of SD Negeri Mendungan 2 Yogyakarta in the academic year 2015/2016. There were 30 students consisting of 16 female and 14 male students in the study. This study differs from previous research. This can be seen from the research action research that integrates dolanan bocah in learning Bahasa Indonesia. The implementation of dolanan bocah corresponds with a significant improvement in the students’ speaking proficiency. The improvement can be evidenced by the disparity of scores obtained in cycle I and II. In the first cycle, the average score was 71.9 with a classical completeness of 63.3%, while in cycle II, the average score increased to 82.4 with a classical completeness of 83.3%.