Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of the Quality of Local Government Financial Statements in Indonesia: Coercive Pressure Dominates

Many financial statements of the Indonesian local government are still of concern due to the lack of disclosure, and not complying with standards and government regulations. This fact was pointed out in the poor audit results on the local government financial statements released by the Indonesian Supreme Audit Board (SAB). Using the perspective of institutional isomorphism theory, this study aimed to examine various potential factors that affect the quality of Indonesian local government financial statements, including the number of local parliamentarians, the number of civil servants, comparative studies, educational background of regional heads, and the level of urbanization. This study used a sample of 220 local governments in Indonesia taken in 2018. The logistic regression analysis showed that the number of civil servants and the number of local parliamentarians significantly affected the quality of Indonesian local government financial statements. This highlights the influence of coercive pressures on the quality of financial statements of the Indonesian local governments. These findings can serve as input for the Indonesian government in formulating public policies, particularly regarding improving the quality of local government financial statements.
A Two-Fluid Four-Equation Model with Instantaneous Thermodynamical Equilibrium

In this thesis, the modelling of one-dimensional two-phase flows is studied, as well as the associated numerical methods. The background for this study is the need for numerical tools to simulate fast transients in pressurised carbon dioxide pipelines, amongst other things the crack arrest problem. This is a coupled mechanical and fluid-dynamical problem, where the pressurised gas causes a crack to propagate along the pipe, while being depressurised to the atmosphere. The crack stops when the pressure at the crack tip cannot drive it any longer.Two-phase flow models were derived from the fundamental local conservation laws for mass, momentum and total energy. Through averaging of these relations, a system of one-dimensional transport equations was obtained, that must be closed by physical models and assumptions. The underlying assumptions made in some of the classical models of the literature are made clear. The numerical methods to solve hyperbolic conservation laws, based on the Finite Volume Method, are subsequently presented.A partially-analytical Roe scheme for the N-phase drift-flux model has been derived. The wave structure of the model is presented. It is mostly analytical, except for some thermodynamical parameters. This makes the scheme very flexible with respect to the thermodynamical relations. An algorithm to resolve the thermodynamical state of a mixture of N phases following the stiffened gas equation of state is derived.A Roe scheme for the six-equation two-fluid model has been derived. This model needs to be regularised to be hyperbolic. A tool to verify the physical relevance of a regularisation term is provided.The instantaneous chemical relaxation is performed on a five-equation two-fluid model to derive a four-equation model, where the phases are in full mechanical, thermal and chemical equilibrium at all times.An application example of numerical methods to solve the crack arrest problem is presented. A method is developed to evaluate the flow through a crack, and compared in the single-phase case to an analytical method.
Characterizing Fatigue Subtypes in Adolescents with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain and Pain-Free Controls

Context General fatigue, sleep-related fatigue, and cognitive fatigue are prevalent and disruptive in adults with chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain, but little is known about these fatigue subtypes in pediatric musculoskeletal pain. Objective To compare fatigue and its subtypes between adolescents with chronic MSK pain and pain-free controls and to test if fatigue subtypes were associated with concurrent pain and its impact (pain intensity, number of pain sites, pain interference, and functional disability) or experimental pain (intensity and tolerance) in adolescents with chronic MSK pain. Finally, we sought to explore adolescents’ qualitative characterizations of their fatigue. Methods Adolescents with chronic MSK pain (12–17 y.o., n = 26) and pain-free controls (n = 26) completed validated self-report measures of fatigue, pain, and functional disability, underwent an experimental pain tolerance task (cold water immersion of the hand), and provided qualitative descriptions of their fatigue (pain group only). Results Adolescents with chronic MSK pain reported significantly greater general, sleep-related, and cognitive fatigue than pain-free controls (all p’s < 0.001). In adolescents with chronic MSK pain, fatigue subtypes were associated with clinical pain and pain impact (r’s = 0.43–0.84) but not experimental pain measures (p’s > 0.05). Adolescents with chronic MSK pain qualitatively described the negative implications of the different fatigue subtypes, particularly when perceived as long-lasting. Conclusion This preliminary study suggests that fatigue subtypes are prevalent and impactful in pediatric patients with chronic MSK pain. When planning multi-disciplinary treatment for pediatric MSK pain, providers should recognize fatigue as another disabling symptom.
Effect of Culture Media, Gonadotropins, Proteins, Growth Factors and Hyaluronic Acid on In-Vitro Maturation of Buffalo Oocytes

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of culture media, gonadotropins, proteins, growth factors and hyaluronic acid (HA) on the IVM rate of buffalo oocytes. Cumulus oocyte complexes were aspirated from ovaries and classified into 4 Grades, excellent and good quality COCs. Oocyte maturation was tested using TCM199, CR1aa or DMEM (Experiment 1); 10 µg/mL FSH + 50 IU/mL eCG, 10µg/mL FSH or 50 IU/mL eCG (Experiment 2): 10% FCS, 4mg/ml BSA or 1 µg/mL PVA (Experiment 3). Control group;10 µg/mL IGF-1 or 10 µg/mL EGF (Experiment 4) or 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 µg HA (Experiment 5). In all experiments, COCs were cultured for 252-24 h, then cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation was conducted. Results indicated that TCM199 achieved the best cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation. TCM199 supplemented with FSH and/or eCG enhanced in-vitro cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation of buffalo oocytes. Adding FCS, using growth factors, or 2.5 µg/mL HA toTCM199 lead to improving maturation rate. the results indicated that in-vitro maturation of buffalo oocytes is improved in TCM-199 supplemented with 50 IU eCG, 10μg/mL FSH, 10% FCS, 10 μg/ml EGF or 2.5 μg/mL HA.
Using the Borsuk-Ulam Theorem: Lectures on Topological Methods in Combinatorics and Geometry

A number of important results in combinatorics, discrete geometry, and theoretical computer science have been proved using algebraic topology. While the results are quite famous, their proofs are not so widely understood. They are scattered in research papers or outlined in surveys, and they often use topological notions not commonly known among combinatorialists or computer scientists. This book is the first textbook treatment of a significant part of such results. It focuses on so-called equivariant methods, based on the Borsuk-Ulam theorem and its generalizations. The topological tools are intentionally kept on a very elementary level (for example, homology theory and homotopy groups are completely avoided). No prior knowledge of algebraic topology is assumed, only a background in undergraduate mathematics, and the required topological notions and results are gradually explained. At the same time, many substantial combinatorial results are covered, sometimes with some of the most important results, such as Kneser's conjecture, showing them from various points of view. The history of the presented material, references, related results, and more advanced methods are surveyed in separate subsections. The text is accompanied by numerous exercises, of varying difficulty. Many of the exercises actually outline additional results that did not fit in the main text. The book is richly illustrated, and it has a detailed index and an extensive bibliography. This text started with a one-semester graduate course the author taught in fall 1993 in Prague. The transcripts of the lectures by the participants served as a basis of the first version. Some years later, a course partially based on that text was taught by G\"unter M. Ziegler in Berlin, who made book is based on a thoroughly rewritten version prepared during a pre-doctoral course I taught at the ETH Zurich in fall 2001. Most of the material was covered in the course: Chapter 1 was assigned as an introductory reading text, and the other chapters were presented in approximately 30 hours of teaching (by 45 minutes), with some omissions throughout and with only a sketchy presentation of the last chapter.
Chemistry of Hydrogen Peroxide Formation and Elimination in Mammalian Cells, and Its Role in Various Pathologies

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a compound involved in some mammalian reactions and processes. It modulates and signals the redox metabolism of cells by acting as a messenger together with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and the nitric oxide radical (•NO), activating specific oxidations that determine the metabolic response. The reaction triggered determines cell survival or apoptosis, depending on which downstream metabolic pathways are activated. There are several ways to produce H2O2 in cells, and cellular systems tightly control its concentration. At the cellular level, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide can trigger inflammation and even apoptosis, and when its concentration in the blood reaches toxic levels, it can lead to bioenergetic failure. This review summarizes existing research from a chemical perspective on the role of H2O2 in various enzymatic pathways and how this biochemistry leads to physiological or pathological responses.
Are transactional political connections more valuable to firms than relational political connections?

Abstract Political connections are an increasingly important part of firms’ strategies to develop relationships with the government and politicians. This study examines the impact of transactional and relational political connections on firm value. The results show that transactionally connected firms are more likely to exhibit greater firm value than their relationally connected and non-connected counterparts. This study further finds evidence of a long-term value-enhancing effect of the transactional approach to political connections. A variety of robustness tests with alternative model specifications continue to show that transactional political connections lead to higher firm value. The findings indicate that firms with transactional political connections are provided with better networks with the political regime in power compared with those with relational political connections. These transactionally connected firms may enjoy preferential treatment from the government, in the form of lower taxes, and the access to government loans, subsidies, bailouts, and/or procurement contracts.
#DomesticViolence During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic: An Analysis of Public Commentary via Twitter

The current study sought to characterize commentary regarding intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic via the Twitter hashtags #DomesticAbuse and #DomesticViolence. A sample of 481 original, English-language tweets containing the hashtag #DomesticAbuse or #DomesticViolence posted across five consecutive weekdays from March 22 to March 27, 2020—during which many places were enacting lockdown mandates—was examined using thematic content analyses. Overall, Twitter users commented on potential increased rates of IPV, while adding details about abuse tactics that could be employed by perpetrators during the pandemic. Additionally, Twitter users disclosed personal experiences of IPV victimization. Four themes were identified, including (1) type of domestic violence (i.e. whether the violence was COVID-specific or general domestic violence), (2) commentary about IPV (i.e. general reflections, decentralizing and centralizing survivorhood), (3) perpetrator tactic (i.e. abuse tactic used by the perpetrator), and (4) institutions responsible (i.e. institutions responsible for providing services to survivors). Overall, the commentary on Twitter reflected an effort to raise awareness and share informational aid for potential victims/survivors of IPV. Data highlight the potential of social media networks in conveniently facilitating the sharing and spreading of useful resources to other users. Future research should examine whether resources shared via Twitter reach individuals who need them and empower individuals to garner support.
Maintenance of intervention effects: long-term outcomes for participants in a group talk-therapy trial in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Abstract Background Despite the growth of psychotherapy trials in low- and middle-income countries, there have been limited follow-up studies of more than 2 years. This study follows up female sexual violence survivors approximately 6 years after completing a 12-session group cognitive processing therapy (CPT) program in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods Baseline trial data were collected in December 2010 from 134 women in 7 study villages randomly allocated to CPT. Study women were over 18 years, reported personally experiencing or witnessing sexual violence, and reported elevated depression, anxiety and/or posttraumatic stress symptoms. Women were followed up (1) post-treatment (6-months after baseline); (2) 6 months later; (3) 12 months later; and (4) in March 2017 (6.3 years after baseline). At the long-term follow-up, 103 women (77%) in 6 of 7 CPT villages were re-assessed; one village was not visited due to ongoing insecurity. Results We found strong continued intervention effects; nearly all women maintained treatment impacts over the first two years; at long-term follow-up, approximately half continued to maintain low symptom scores. Relapse rates for probable PTSD and probable depression and anxiety were 20%. Conclusions This study extends prior research to show that treatment impacts can be maintained for several years despite experiences of ongoing trauma. The women described continuing to meet with the women in their therapy group and using the skills they learned in the psychotherapy, providing evidence of the potential for these programs to provide valuable social supports and skills that people use as they continue to face adversity.
Regularised Manova for High‐Dimensional Data

The traditional and readily available multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) tests such as Wilks' Lambda and the Pillai–Bartlett trace start to suffer from low power as the number of variables approaches the sample size. Moreover, when the number of variables exceeds the number of available observations, these statistics are not available for use. Ridge regularisation of the covariance matrix has been proposed to allow the use of MANOVA in high‐dimensional situations and to increase its power when the sample size approaches the number of variables. In this paper two forms of ridge regression are compared to each other and to a novel approach based on lasso regularisation, as well as to more traditional approaches based on principal components and the Moore‐Penrose generalised inverse. The performance of the different methods is explored via an extensive simulation study. All the regularised methods perform well; the best method varies across the different scenarios, with margins of victory being relatively modest. We examine a data set of soil compaction profiles at various positions relative to a ridgetop, and illustrate how our results can be used to inform the selection of a regularisation method.
A Retrospective Study of Lip Hemangiomas: Curative Effect of Oral Propranolol Combined with Topical Sclerotherapy

Objective To analyze the therapeutic effect of oral propranolol combined with sclerotherapy of lauromacrogol and triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of lip infantile hemangiomas (IHs). Methods We recorded the demographic characteristics and lesions of 56 patients with lip IHs. The efficacy was evaluated by Achauer grade and VAS score in this study. Nonparametric test and Spearman correlation analysis were used to identify factors that might affect the curative effect of patients, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to further analyze the factors that affect the prognosis of patients with lip IH. Results All 56 patients improved without serious complications after treatment. Univariate analysis showed that the age of the patients at the time of treatment initiation, the layer, classification, and volume of IH may influence the course and outcome of treatment. The logistic regression analysis further showed that the frequency of topical sclerotherapy was affected by the age of the months at the time of treatment initiation. The final efficacy evaluation was influenced by the age at the beginning of treatment and the layer of IH. Conclusion Oral propranolol combined with local sclerotherapy is a safe and effective method for treating lip IH. After combination therapy, the therapeutic effect of hemangiomas located in the mucosa and submucosa is better than those located in the skin and superficial subcutaneous fascia. Patients who were younger at treatment initiation received less frequencies of topical sclerotherapy and had better therapeutic effect.
Atlas of surface currents in the Mediterranean and Canary–Iberian–Biscay waters

ABSTRACT Sea surface currents probably are the most relevant essential ocean variable affecting diverse societal challenges concerning the marine environmental (as, for example, safe and efficient navigation, marine pollution and ecological connectivity). This work introduces a climatological Atlas (monthly resolution) of currents in the Mediterranean and Canary–Iberian–Biscay basins, based on today's state of the art reanalyses of the ocean circulation. The focus is on surface and subsurface reanalyses (here understood as $z\sim 0.5$z∼0.5 and $z\sim 15$z∼15 m, respectively) provided by the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). The climatological values are computed from the median of the empirical probability density functions and the Atlas also includes the variance matrix and a bimodality index to have quantitative information on their variability. For both domains, the subsurface climatological fields are reasonably consistent with circulation schemes proposed in the previous literature but clearly improving the time and space resolution of the emerging patterns. For the Canary–Iberian–Biscay domain, the monthly climatological surface currents capture accurately the characteristic seasonal signal and its transition between a favourable and non-favourable upwelling regime. In the Mediterranean basin, differences between the near-surface and the 15 m velocity fields suggest a non-negligible role of winds over the variability of the uppermost ocean layer, specially in the Eastern Mediterranean basin. This is, up to our knowledge, the first time that such near-surface climatological patterns are computed. It has been found that, in general, the resulting patterns agree with surface drifter trajectories. In several regions, interannual variability foster bimodal and multimodal probability distributions. The Atlas has been conceived with the purpose of providing a first quantitative assessment on the surface circulation, thus being a complementary tool of real-time ocean forecasting systems. The Atlas is distributed following the FAIR principles and is accompanied with a digital version, with enhanced visualization capabilities for both research and assessment.
Contrôle de l'équation des plaques en présence d'obstacles strictement convexes

Nous nous interessons a un probleme de controle de l'equation des plaques. Notre situation geometrique est la suivante: on se place dans un ouvert borne a frontiere reguliere et on suppose que cet ouvert contient des obstacles strictement convexes, en nombre fini. Sous une hypothese sur la structure fortement hyperbolique de l'application de billard, on demontre qu'on peut controler en temps arbitrairement petit toutes les donnees initiales assez regulieres, le controle agissant sur la trace du laplacien sur le bord exterieur de l'ouvert. La demonstration utilise des resultats de g. Lebeau sur le controle dans le cas ou le bord controle l'ouvert, ce qui n'est plus le cas ici, des methodes de m. Ikawa sur la construction d'une parametrie pour l'equation des ondes transposees a l'equation de schrodinger semi classique, ainsi que les theoremes de propagation des singularites de melrose et sjorstrand
Radiation-Induced Hemorrhagic Vasculopathy and Seventh and Eighth Nerve Complex Neuropathy

Radiation-induced (RI) changes such as radiation-induced cavernous malformations (RICMs) and radiation-induced cranial neuropathy (RICN) manifest as late delayed complications and can be seen on post-treatment imaging. Cavernous malformations (CMs) are vascular malformations that are made up of dilated, thin-walled capillary spaces without intervening brain parenchyma. Cranial nerve damage due to radiation exposure is a rare consequence of radiation therapy (RT). We present a case of intracerebral CMs/hemorrhagic vasculopathy and left seventh and eighth nerve complex cranial neuropathy 14 years following RT to the brain for tectal glioma.
The Hausdorff Measure and the Packing Measure on a Perturbed Cantor Set

Baek in [2] and [3] deﬁnes the covering measures h s and Q s for a perturbed Cantor set F . He shows that when s is the dimension of the covering measures h s and Q s on F , then s is the Hausdorﬀ dimension and the packing measure dimension on F . In this paper, it is shown that for the perturbed Cantor set F , the Hausdorﬀ measure is equal to the covering measure h s on F . Under more restrictions on the set F , the packing measure is equal to 2 · Q s . Similar results are shown for the weakly convergent deranged Cantor set.
From melt to solution: Scaling relations for concentrated polystyrene solutions

The scaling relations established for the relaxation modulus of concentrated solutions of polystyrene (PS) in oligomeric styrene [Wagner, Rheol. Acta 53, 765–777 (2014); Wagner, J Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. (2015)] are applied to the solutions of PS in diethyl phthalate (DEP) investigated by Bhattacharjee et al. [Macromolecules 35, 10131–10148 (2002)] and Acharya et al. [AIP Conf. Proc. 1027, 391–393 (2008)]. The scaling relies on the difference ΔTg between the glass-transition temperatures of the melt and the glass-transition temperatures of the solutions. ΔTg can be inferred from the reported zero-shear viscosities, and the Baumgaertel, Schausberger, and Winter (BSW) spectra of the solutions are obtained from the BSW spectrum of the reference melt with good accuracy. Predictions of the extended interchain pressure (EIP) model, which is based on the assumption that the relative interchain pressure in the melt and in the solutions is identical, are compared to the steady-state elongational viscosity data o.