Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyses of SORTING NEXINs Reveal Distinct Retromer-Subcomplex Functions in Development and Protein Sorting in Arabidopsis thaliana[C][W]

In animals, sorting nexin (SNX) proteins associate with vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) proteins to form the retromer complex, which is involved in protein sorting and a variety of developmental processes. By contrast, this study shows that plant SNXs are dispensable for VPS assembly and functions, suggesting that the two retromer subcomplexes should be seen as molecular modules. Sorting nexins (SNXs) are conserved eukaryotic proteins that associate with three types of vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) proteins to form the retromer complex. How SNXs act in this complex and whether they might work independently of the retromer remains elusive. Here, we show by genetic and cell imaging approaches that the Arabidopsis thaliana SNX1 protein recruits SNX2 at the endosomal membrane, a process required for SNX1-SNX2 dimer activity. We report that, in contrast with the mammalian retromer, SNXs are dispensable for membrane binding and function of the retromer complex. We also show that VPS retromer components can work with or independently of SNXs in the trafficking of seed storage proteins, which reveals distinct functions for subcomplexes of the plant retromer. Finally, we provide compelling evidence that the combined loss of function of SNXs and VPS29 leads to embryo or seedling lethality, underlining the essential role of these proteins in development.
Neuromorphic architectures for spiking deep neural networks

We present a full custom hardware implementation of a deep neural network, built using multiple neuromorphic VLSI devices that integrate analog neuron and synapse circuits together with digital asynchronous logic circuits. The deep network comprises an event-based convolutional stage for feature extraction connected to a spike-based learning stage for feature classification. We describe the properties of the chips used to implement the network and present preliminary experimental results that validate the approach proposed.
Perturbation on-time (POT) control and inhibit time control (ITC) in suppression of THD of power factor correction (PFC) design

The paper presented the perturbation on-time (POT) control technique to suppress the total harmonic distortion (THD) to improve the performance of the power factor correction (PFC) in the AC-DC converter. Simultaneously, it can improve the efficiency through the proposed inhibit time control (ITC) mechanism at low AC input voltage. The test circuit fabricated in TSMC 800V UHV process can show the highly-integrated PFC controller. Experimental results demonstrate low THD of 8%, which results in high PF of 99%. Besides, high efficiency of 95% can be ensured at the output power of 90W.
The Outcome of Very Low Dosages of Simvastatin in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia

A retrospective study evaluated the success of dosages of simvastatin lower than the 10–20 mg/day recommended by the manufacturer in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Records of 95 patients enrolled in a pharmacist‐managed lipid clinic receiving stable dosages of simvastatin were reviewed. Data collected were demographics, number of simvastatin refills, dosage distribution, baseline and posttreatment lipid profiles, and proportion of patients with low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) levels below target as recommended by the National Cholesterol and Education Program. Dosages for 62% of patients were less than 20 mg/day. Percentages of patients at goal LDL were 98%, 89%, and 83% for patients taking 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/day, respectively. Patients taking 40 mg/day were least likely to be below the goal. There was an even distribution of patients taking each dosage. No statistical difference in compliance was noted among dosages based on prescription refills. Most patients taking less than the recommended initial dosage of the agent had satisfactory lipid control.
Perceived Pain during Cataract Surgery with Topical Anesthesia: A Comparison between First-Eye and Second-Eye Surgery

Purpose. To compare pain scores between first-eye and second-eye cataract surgery and to determine the affecting factors. Methods. 106 first-eye and 53 second-eye cataract surgery patients (mean age: 67 ± 13 and 69 ± 10 years, resp.) were enrolled. The patients completed simplified State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and visual analog scale (VAS) for anxiety questionnaires before surgery, and VAS for pain and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale questionnaires after surgery. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded perioperatively. Results. A greater proportion of patients who underwent second-eye surgery reported intraoperative pain compared with first-eye surgery patients (85% versus 35%, P < 0.001). The pain scores were higher in second-eye surgery, while the VAS anxiety score was lower in second-eye surgery. Moreover, 31 patients reported greater pain during second-eye surgery than their first one, with higher pain scores than other 22 patients (P = 0.032 and 0.003, resp.). The VAS pain score of these 31 patients was positively correlated with the differences between the intraoperative and postoperative diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, and HR. Conclusions. Cataract patients were likely to have more pain during second-eye surgery, which may be related to lower preoperative anxiety. Monitoring perioperative BP and HR may help to identify patients with intraoperative pain.
Infrared measurement of base metal temperature in gas tungsten arc welding

Quantification of infrared (IR) radiation is a convenient, non-contact method for making the base metal temperature measurements needed for on-line feedback controls. However, the problem of interference from the arc is a complicating factor in applying IR temperature sensing to welding. The objective of this research is to implement and test a top-face, non-contact temperature measurement system based on optical pyrometry. Investigations relating to the development of an infrared temperature measurement system are described. An apparatus consisting of a fiberoptic cable, a silicon photodiode/power meter and a computer data acquisition system were configured and used for the tests. Results of the experiments showed that radiation from both the arc and the hot tungsten electrode were important sources of interference in the IR emissions from the base metal. Attenuation of the interfering radiation using a band-pass optical filter and a specially-designed gas cup was investigated. Finally, the sensing system was calibrated using thermocouple measurements of actual base metal temperature.
Accuracy in recorded diagnoses.

Although making accurate diagnoses is a critical clinical skill, putting accurate diagnoses on the face sheet of a medical record does not have the same priority for most physicians. Even those who see recording a correct principal diagnosis as an important part of good clinical thinking are unlikely to be perfectionists regarding additional diagnoses because it is hard to see that they will have any effect on patient care. See also p 2197. In the last few years, however, major journals have published a growing number of articles in which recorded additional diagnoses play an important part in analysis, either to establish a clinical point or to assess additional diagnoses as a measure of clinical severity of illness. Investigators seek to secure information from additional diagnoses, which would otherwise require costly manual abstraction, about the occurrence of adverse events and the risk of outcomes such as death. In addition, hospital
Using narrative functions as a heuristic for relevance in story understanding

Story understanding requires a degree of knowledge and expressiveness beyond the current state of natural language understanding. We present an approach that addresses these needs, using a large-scale knowledge base, simplified English grammar and a combination of compositional frame semantics and abductive reasoning. This in turn raises a significant challenge disambiguating complex semantic structures, which requires a pragmatics of narrative for constraint and guidance. We present a theory of narrative functions that serve as a heuristic for relevance in narrative, and provide evidence that this heuristic is effective for disambiguation that leads to consistent understanding.
Construction of relative motives with interesting étale realization using the middle convolution

We study the middle convolution of local systems on the punctured affine line in the singular and the étale case. We give a motivic interpretation of the middle convolution which yields information on the occurring determinants. Finally, we use these methods to realize special linear groups regularly as Galois groups over Q(t). Introduction If K is a field, then we set GK := Gal(K/K), where K denotes a separable closure of K. Let k be a number field. A profinite group G occurs regularly as Galois group over k(t), if one has a surjection φ : Gk(t) → G such that the restriction of φ to Gk̄(t) is still surjective. If G is a finite group, then φ corresponds to a Galois cover of Pk with Galois group G. The regular inverse Galois problem asks, whether every finite group occurs regularly as Galois group over Q(t). Our main motivation for studying the convolution stems from the fact that most of the regular Galois realizations for classical groups are obtained with methods, derived from Katz’ middle convolution functor MCχ, see [8], [5]. The functor MCχ can be viewed (under some restrictions, see [4]) as a functor from the category of local systems on the punctured affine line to itself. Using the properties of the Katz’ functor, one was able to obtain many new families of classical groups regularly as Galois groups over the rational function field ([5], [9]). In fact, all previously known examples can be explained using MCλ, except a few exceptional cases in low dimensions. Nevertheless, this method has its limitations: For example, It fails to produce groups like SLn(Fq) as Galois groups over Q(t). In this talk, we outline a more general approach to the middle convolution, in order to overcome some of the limitations of the
Curcumin Shows Antiviral Properties against Norovirus

Phytochemicals provide environmentally friendly and relatively inexpensive natural products, which could potentially benefit public health by controlling human norovirus (HuNoV) infection. In this study, 18 different phytochemicals were evaluated for antiviral effects against norovirus using murine norovirus (MNV) as a model for norovirus biology. Among these phytochemicals, curcumin (CCM) was the most potent anti-noroviral phytochemical, followed by resveratrol (RVT). In a cell culture infection model, exposure to CCM or RVT for 3 days reduced infectivity of norovirus by 91% and 80%, respectively. To confirm the antiviral capability of CCM, we further evaluated its antiviral efficacy at various doses (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 2 mg/mL) and durations (short-term: 10, 30, 60, and 120 min; long-term: 1, 3, 7, and 14 days). The anti-noroviral effect of CCM was verified to occur in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of each phytochemical on the replication of HuNoV using a HuNoV replicon-bearing cell line (HG23). Neither CCM nor RVT had a strong inhibitory effect on HuNoV replication, which suggests that their antiviral mechanism may involve viral entry or other life cycle stages rather than the replication of viral RNA. Our results demonstrated that CCM may be a promising candidate for development as an anti-noroviral agent to prevent outbreaks of foodborne illness.
Direct Measurements of Dry and Wet Deposition of Black Carbon Over a Grassland

The atmospheric lifetime of black carbon (BC) is controlled by wet and dry deposition, which are poorly constrained by observations. We show that the single‐particle soot photometer can measure surface‐atmosphere exchange fluxes of refractory BC (rBC) particle mass (mrBC) and number (NrBC) by eddy covariance. We report field measurements of rBC dry and wet deposition rates during summer 2017 at the Southern Great Plains site in Oklahoma. On average, dry deposition of rBC is 0.3 ± 0.2 mm/s. We estimate a wet deposition flux of 2,600 ng·m−2·hr−1 over the 148.5 mm of rainfall observed. These data indicate a composite lifetime of 7–11 days.
All pairs shortest paths using bridging sets and rectangular matrix multiplication

We present two new algorithms for solving the All Pairs Shortest Paths (APSP) problem for weighted directed graphs. Both algorithms use fast matrix multiplication algorithms.The first algorithm solves the APSP problem for weighted directed graphs in which the edge weights are integers of small absolute value in <i>Õ</i>(<i>n</i><sup>2+μ</sup>) time, where μ satisfies the equation ω(1, μ, 1) = 1 + 2μ and ω(1, μ, 1) is the exponent of the multiplication of an <i>n</i> × <i>n</i><sup>μ</sup> matrix by an <i>n</i><sup>μ</sup> × <i>n</i> matrix. Currently, the best available bounds on ω(1, μ, 1), obtained by Coppersmith, imply that μ < 0.575. The running time of our algorithm is therefore <i>O</i>(<i>n</i><sup>2.575</sup>). Our algorithm improves on the <i>&Otilede;</i>(<i>n</i><sup>(3c+ω)/2</sup>) time algorithm, where ω = ω(1, 1, 1) < 2.376 is the usual exponent of matrix multiplication, obtained by Alon et al., whose running time is only known to be <i>O</i>(<i>n</i><sup>2.688</sup>). The second algorithm solves the APSP problem <i>almost</i> exactly for directed graphs with <i>arbitrary</i> nonnegative real weights. The algorithm runs in Õ((<i>n</i><sup>ω</sup>/&epsis;) log(<i>W</i>/&epsis;)) time, where &epsis; > 0 is an error parameter and <i>W</i> is the largest edge weight in the graph, after the edge weights are scaled so that the smallest non-zero edge weight in the graph is 1. It returns estimates of all the distances in the graph with a stretch of at most 1 + &epsis;. Corresponding paths can also be found efficiently.
Mutations in Mtr4 Structural Domains Reveal Their Important Role in Regulating tRNAiMet Turnover in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Mtr4p Enzymatic Activities In Vitro

RNA processing and turnover play important roles in the maturation, metabolism and quality control of a large variety of RNAs thereby contributing to gene expression and cellular health. The TRAMP complex, composed of Air2p, Trf4p and Mtr4p, stimulates nuclear exosome-dependent RNA processing and degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Mtr4 protein structure is composed of a helicase core and a novel so-called arch domain, which protrudes from the core. The helicase core contains highly conserved helicase domains RecA-1 and 2, and two structural domains of unclear functions, winged helix domain (WH) and ratchet domain. How the structural domains (arch, WH and ratchet domain) coordinate with the helicase domains and what roles they are playing in regulating Mtr4p helicase activity are unknown. We created a library of Mtr4p structural domain mutants for the first time and screened for those defective in the turnover of TRAMP and exosome substrate, hypomodified tRNAiMet. We found these domains regulate Mtr4p enzymatic activities differently through characterizing the arch domain mutants K700N and P731S, WH mutant K904N, and ratchet domain mutant R1030G. Arch domain mutants greatly reduced Mtr4p RNA binding, which surprisingly did not lead to significant defects on either in vivo tRNAiMet turnover, or in vitro unwinding activities. WH mutant K904N and Ratchet domain mutant R1030G showed decreased tRNAiMet turnover in vivo, as well as reduced RNA binding, ATPase and unwinding activities of Mtr4p in vitro. Particularly, K904 was found to be very important for steady protein levels in vivo. Overall, we conclude that arch domain plays a role in RNA binding but is largely dispensable for Mtr4p enzymatic activities, however the structural domains in the helicase core significantly contribute to Mtr4p ATPase and unwinding activities.
A New Cell Surface Glycoprotein Selectively Expressed on Ly 1-2 + Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

The immune system is endowed with great flexibility. It has at its disposal a large number of alternative pathways of reaction against foreign, immunogenic substances. A sizeable part of this impressive flexibility is due to the fact that a number of subsets of specialized cell types coexist and interact within this system. Among these cell types, lymphocytes have been shown to play a dominating role in both the specific induction of the immune response and in its further developments. Within the two major groups of lymphocytes (T and B cells) there exist additional subgroups with unique functional properties. Our knowledge of T-lymphocyte subgroups stems largely from experiments using a combination of serological and functional markers to define these cells (1-4). In principle, virgin lymphocytes, although preprogrammed as to their eventual subgroup (1), normally fail to express the functional properties displayed by activated cells arising from these subgroups (5, 6). The expression of these functions associated with the activated state can be interpreted to reflect qualitative as well as quantitative differences in the surface membrane composition of the cells. Thus, the cell surface membrane characteristics of lymphocytes are decisive factors in determining the potential activity of these cells, and although progress in this field is rapid, we still have a largely imperfect understanding of how these membrane components effect and regulate immune reactivity. In this article we have focused our attention on T lymphocytes and their membrane glycoprotein composition after induction by immunogen or polyclonal T-cell activators. With the aid of fractionation procedures now available to enrich for murine T cells with a defined surface structure or function, in combination with procedures for selective labeling of cell surface glycoproteins, comparisons between virgin and immune T cells at different stages of differentiation have been made. As will be demonstrated, this approach has been a highly fruitful one, allowing the successful characterization of a new T-lymphocyte unique surface glycoprotein associated with a defined subgroup of cells and expressed in conjunction with the cytolytic stages of T-cell reactivity. The implications of these findings will be discussed.
Accept, decline, postpone: How newcomer productivity is reduced in English Wikipedia by pre-publication review

Wikipedia needs to attract and retain newcomers while also increasing the quality of its content. Yet new Wikipedia users are disproportionately affected by the quality assurance mechanisms designed to thwart spammers and promoters. English Wikipedia's Articles for Creation provides a protected space for drafting new articles, which are reviewed against minimum quality guidelines before they are published. In this study we explore how this drafting process has affected the productivity of newcomers in Wikipedia. Using a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach, we show how the process's pre-publication review, which is intended to improve the success of newcomers, in fact decreases newcomer productivity in English Wikipedia and offer recommendations for system designers.
Partition-driven standard cell thermal placement

The thermal problem has been emerged as one of the key issues for next-generation IC design. In this paper, we propose a scheme to achieve better thermal distribution for partition-driven standard cell placement. The proposed heuristic uses a multigrid-like method that simplifies the thermal equation at each level of partitioning and makes it possible to incorporate temperature considerations directly as placement constraints, thus leading to better thermal distribution. Our experimental results verify the effectiveness of our scheme. We also describe an algorithm to derive a compact thermal model with a complexity of O(mn + m2), where m is the number of the mesh nodes on the substrate surface and $n$ is the number of all internal mesh nodes.
Simulating Mobility in WSNs: Bridging the Gap between ns-2 and TOSSIM 2.x

Mobile wireless sensor networks are gaining increasinguse in both military and civilian applications. Priorto deployment, it is often necessary to test the communication capabilities and power consumption of these networks. Typically network simulators, such as ns-2 and TOSSIM, are used to carry out these performance tests. However, the analysis of results is restricted to comparison with others obtained using the same simulator. Therefore, the creation of a tool which allows for the comparison of results obtained with different simulators would be of great interest to the research community.This work details an extension developed for the incorporation of mobility into TOSSIM 2.x. An analysis of the working mechanisms for mobility in ns-2 was also carriedout and a tool which converts ns-2 settings into ones suitable for use in TOSSIM implemented. This tool bridges the gap between ns-2 and TOSSIM for the simulation of dynamic network scenarios. Finally, an analysis of two test simulation scenarios which include mobility is presented; these show how mobility impacts on communication in both simulators and also indicates how results obtained with the two simulators can be readily compared.
Optical architectures evaluation for triple-play distribution in FIVER project

This paper proposes two fiber-to-the-home bi-directional architectures for triple-play distribution services as being investigated in FIVER project. First, a coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) architecture is proposed using two wavelengths per user one at 1550 nm and the other at 1300 nm for uplink and downlink information. The second architecture comprises a reflective component at customer premises what avoids the necessity of an expensive and hazardous laser at the user's home. In the proposed architecture a reflective electro absorption transceiver (R-EAT) absorbs the 1300 nm wavelength (downstream information) and reflects and modulated the 1550 nm wavelength coming from the central office (upstream data). Both architectures are proposed and simulated with VPI photonics software. Experimental modelling showing the transmission of three wireless services (LTE, WiMAX and UWB) using radio-over-fiber techniques has been included in the simulations for comparison. Maximum architecture reach using standard single mode fiber (SSMF) was assessed. From these results it can be observed that the CWDM architecture with Mach-Zehnder achieves up to 83.3 km SSMF for the 1550 nm path and 54.6 km SSMF for the 1300 nm path. Analyzing the reflective architecture the SSMF maximum reach is 29.2 km for the absorbed 1300 nm path and 18.1 km for the reflected 1550 nm path. In this case, the reflective path performance is affected by the distortion effects of single-wavelength bidirectional transmission in the same optical fiber. However, all the ranges are in the line of conventional passive optical networks which reach is usually less than 20 km without using intermediate optical amplification levels or chromatic dispersion compensation.
Curve and surface reconstruction from regular and non-regular point sets

In this paper, we address the problem of curve and surface reconstruction from sets of points. We introduce regular interpolants which are polygonal approximations of planar curves and surfaces verifying a local sampling criterion. Properties of regular interpolants lead to new polygonal reconstruction methods from sets of organized and unorganized points. These methods do not need any parameter of additional information apart from the original points and allow unorganized sets of points to be easily handled.
Language Independent NER using a Unified Model of Internal and Contextual Evidence

This paper investigates the use of a language independent model for named entity recognition based on iterative learning in a co-training fashion, using word-internal and contextual information as independent evidence sources. Its bootstrapping process begins with only seed entities and seed contexts extracted from the provided annotated corpus. F-measure exceeds 77 in Spanish and 72 in Dutch.