Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A dress code for galaxies: how the interplay of gas, stars, dark matter and environment shapes their appearance in simulations

The formation and evolution of galaxies is still not fully understood. Especially the details of how the different types of galaxies have formed has been a matter of debate for many decades. Observations only show snap-shots of galaxies and one has to put together many pieces of this complex puzzle. In this work we profit from the advantage of state-of-the-art hydrodynamical cosmological simulations taken from the Magneticum Pathfinder simulation set, in which galaxies form that reproduce many observational scaling relations. Due to the inclusion of the relevant physical processes, the improved underlying numerical methods, and a high spatial resolution, populations of spheroidal and disk galaxies are produced self-consistently. This allows us to follow the evolution of galaxies and to study the visible as well as dark component. Each chapter of this thesis addresses a different aspect of the interplay of the halo and the galaxy residing within it. For this, various estimators and indicators of galaxy formation channels, such as the kinematics of the galaxy components, the satellites and the environment, as well as the stellar populations, are discussed. We first focus on the angular momentum of the visible components, i.e. the gas and the stars, and the surrounding dark matter halo. In agreement with observations, we find that disk and spheroidal galaxies occupy different regions on the so-called stellar-mass–specific angular-momentum-of-stars plane (M∗ − j∗-plane). Simulations including the baryonic component show a dichotomy in the distribution of the spin parameter, with disk galaxies populating halos with slightly larger spin compared to spheroidal galaxies. We cross-match these galaxies to halos of the dark matter only run, with exactly the same initial conditions, but the initial gas particles are treated as collisionless dark matter particles. Even in this run, the distribution of the spin parameter reveals the dichotomy. This suggests that the halo “knows” what kind of galaxy lies in its center and that the morphology is shaped by the processes during its formation and environment simultaneously. Then we explore if the properties of satellite galaxies represent well the underlying dark matter halo as well as the central galaxy. Our simulation reproduces the observed relation that spheroidal galaxies are surrounded by more satellites than disk galaxies. However, this signal disappears when only considering central galaxies. This shows that the splitup of the abundance of satellites is caused by the companion galaxies, which are large satellites in the dark matter halo of a central galaxy and which are difficult to distinguish
The Effect of ESG Dimensions on Banking Performance: An Empirical Investigation in Asia Pacific

This study aims to assess whether there is a relationship between the overall ESG, ENV, SOC, and GOV indices on banking performance based on three dimensions, namely financial performance indicators (ROE), company operations (ROA), and banking markets (Tobin’s Q). The research sample includes 656 observations from 164 banks registered during 2018-2021. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model is used to test the relationship between the variables studied and prove the research hypothesis. The results show that the overall ESG, ENV, SOC, and GOV indices have a non-significant negative effect on ROA. However, those have a significant negative effect on market performance as measured by Tobin’s Q. Interestingly, the overall ESG, ENV, SOC, and GOV indices have a positive effect on banking ROE in Asia Pacific. The results of this study can be used to formulate appropriate policies for bank managers and government regulators to ensure that the optimal allocation of resources in ESG practices can maximize the company’s financial performance and improve the welfare of stakeholders as a whole.
Incidence and occurrence of academic burnout: The impact of personality, self-efficacy and self-esteem and post-pandemic effects

Academic burnout is a health issues that largely interests the global community and troubles students at all academic levels. Despite the significant effects on students’ quality of life, well-being, and academic performance, yet, it has not been adequately examined. Therefore, this study is aimed at exploring the levels of academic burnout, the personality’s role as predictor (through Big Five Factors) and the effect of protective factor like self-efficacy and self-esteem. Moreover, in an innovative way, a multi-group analysis will be proposed to verify differences between the variables observed in the COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 period. Through a total sample of 609 students, it proposed a multiple-mediation model with a comparison between two phases: pandemic and post-pandemic. Results suggest that among the Big Five Factors, there are strong predictors of the effects of burnout, and specifically that conscientiousness and self-efficacy are important in the management of the academic burnout and that self-esteem could support students and mitigate feelings of inadequacy in different academic challenges. Moreover, the pandemic seems to have worsened emotional instability and negative effect on university stress. Studies such as this provide valuable information for educators and all stakeholders who want to contribute to the education and training for students’ life and educational journey in a way that is certainly more holistic, equitable and accessible to all.
Assessment of Plasma N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide and CRP in Patients with Severe Sepsis, Septic Shock and Acute Heart Failure

Background: Increased plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) have been identified as predictors of cardiac dysfunction and prognosis in congestive heart failure and ischemic heart disease. In severe sepsis patients, however, no information is available yet about the prognostic value of natriuretic peptides in Egyptian patients. Aim: The aim of the present work is to study the relationship between amino-terminal pro-BNP, C-reactive protein in one hand and the severity of organ dysfunction and mortality on admission in the other in patient with severe sepsis and septic shock.Patients and methods: This study population consisted of ninety patients aged >18 years, who were admitted to the internal medicine department ICU, Kasr El-Aini Hospitals, Cairo University and enrolled within 24 hours of admission to the ICU with severe sepsis, patients with septic shock, patients with acute decompensated heart failure and patients who developed severe sepsis while in the ICU. The patients were divided to 3 groups, Group I (septic shock), group II (severe sepsis) and group III (heart failure). Plasma N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide and CRP were measured.Results: There was higher CRP level in group I (69.56 ± 38.01) compared to group II (41.70 ± 25.34) with a significant p value (0.002). There was higher level of NTproBNP in group I (2809.73 ± 2362.32 pg/ml) compared to group II (2595.13 1968.39 pg/ml) and group III (789.37 ± 348.01pg/ml) with a statistically significant p valueConclusion: NT-pro BNP values are increased in severe sepsis and septic shock. Values are significantly higher in non survivors than survivors. Elevated concentrations of serum CRP on admission are indicators of an increased risk of severe sepsis, septic shock and death.
Evaluating the Causal Association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Univariable and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study

Background: Observational studies suggested that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (i.e., Crohn’s disease [CD] and ulcerative colitis [UC]) is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), including coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic stroke. However, it is still unclear whether the observed associations causally exist. Thus, we aim to examine the potential effect of IBD, CD, and UC on the risk of CAD and ischemic stroke, using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods: Genetic instruments for IBD, CD, and UC were retrieved from the latest published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of European ancestry. GWAS summary data for instrument–outcome associations were gathered from four independent resources: CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Consortium, MEGASTROKE consortium, FinnGen, and UK Biobank. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method and multiple pleiotropy-robust approaches were conducted and, subsequently, combined in a fixed-effect meta-analysis. Moreover, multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis was conducted to adjust for potential influencing instrumental variables. Results: The IVW method revealed no causal effect of IBD on the risk of CAD (overall IBD on CAD: OR 1.003, 95%CI 0.982 to 1.025; CD on CAD: OR 0.997, 95%CI 0.978 to 1.016; UC on CAD: OR 0.986, 95%CI 0.963 to 1.010) or the risk of ischemic stroke (overall IBD on ischemic stroke: OR 0.994, 95%CI 0.970 to 1.018; CD on ischemic stroke: OR 0.996, 95%CI 0.979 to 1.014; UC on ischemic stroke: OR 0.999, 95%CI 0.978 to 1.020). The results of the meta-analysis and MVMR remained consistent. Conclusion: Our MR analysis does not support a causal effect of IBD on CAD and ischemic stroke, and previous results from observational studies might be biased through uncontrolled confoundings (such as IBD-specific medications and detection bias, etc.) that warrant further research.
Effects of heat and UV-C curing on properties of soy protein film

This study aimed to investigate the effects of heat curing and UV-C curing on properties of soy protein film. � Both the heat and UV-C treatments were applied to either film-forming solution or pre-formed film. In the first part, film-forming solution or pre-formed film was cured at 60, 70, or 80? C for 2, 4, or 6 h. Heat curing had no effect on film thickness (p>0.05), but it did improve tensile strength of the films. Pre-formed film cured at 70? C for 4 h exhibited the highest tensile strength (3.49 MPa), which was 1.8 times higher than the control. Increasing Raman intensity in the S-S stretching region confirmed the formation of heat-induced disulfide cross-links. This increasing degree of cross-linking may also account for a decrease in elongation at break�of the film samples. An increase in yellowness intensity was observed in heat-cured samples. Heat curing of film-forming solution significantly increased film transparency but posed the opposite effect on pre-formed films. Heated films exhibited a decrease in water solubility and an increase in surface hydrophobicity. Heat curing of film-forming solution produced a film with increasing water vapor permeability. Meanwhile, water vapor permeability of heat-cured pre-formed films was similar to the control (p>0.05). SEM revealed structural inhomogeneity of heat-cured films. In the second part, the effect of UV-C curing of film formerly heat-treated at 70? C for 4 h was investigated. The radiation doses were varied as 4, 8, 12, and 16 J/cm2. UV-curing did not affect film thickness�but did cause a significant increase in tensile strength. Heat-treated pre-formed film undergoing UV-curing at 12 J/cm2 possessed the greatest tensile strength (6.37 MPa), 1.8-fold higher than the film heat-treated alone and 3.4-fold higher than the control. UV-induced dityrosine cross-linking was confirmed using fluorescence spectroscopic technique. In spite of that, UV-C treatment minimally affected elongation at break. Similar to heat treatment, UV-curing also induced an increase in yellowness intensity and a slight decrease in transparency. UV-C treatment produced a film with lower water solubility. UV-curing of heat-treated film-forming solution had no effect on water vapor permeability of the resulted film, but the treatment significantly increased water vapor permeability of heat-treated pre-formed film. UV-C curing at lower doses tended to result in a film with lower surface hydrophobicity. At higher UV-C doses, however, surface hydrophobicity became increasing again. SEM micrographs revealed cracks and pinholes in UV-cured heat-treated film matrices. In conclusion, heat curing and combined heat/UV-C curing were demonstrated as effective techniques for enhancing mechanical strength of soy protein film by promoting the formation of covalent cross-links between protein chains.
Startup sustainability issues: An analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method and quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM)

A newly started business entity has various kinds of difficulties, complexities, and risks (Trimi & Berbegal-Mirabent, 2012), the risks faced by startups include markets, products, competitiveness, employees, and finances (Paternoster et al., 2014). The purpose of this study is to analyze what factors contribute to the demise of startups in Banyumas. The participants in this study were resourceful startup actors in Banyumas. Data was collected through focus group discussions and questionnaires. Data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively using an analytical hierarchy process (AHP), strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats (SWOT) analysis, and quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM). Based on the results of the AHP analysis, there were four main problems: background, competence, communication infrastructure, and security. Furthermore, it could be seen from SWOT and QSPM analysis that each SO (Strengths-Opportunities) strategy value was 152, WO (Weaknesses-Opportunities) was 100, ST (Strengths-Threats) was 148, and WT (Weaknesses-Threats) was 144. The conclusion was digital startup sustainability problems could be resolved by prioritizing the SO strategy. The implementation of these strategies included optimizing young workers, collaborating with supporting communities, and creating unique products. Apart from practical implications, this paper also develops literature on the factors that cause startup failure, which so far has been limited to discussing only the success factors.
Effect of combination of doxycycline with natural products against planktonic cells, biofilm, and virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important environmental, opportunistic, and nosocomial pathogen with a significant threat to public health. Combination therapy has many advantages due to the simultaneous action of two drugs on two separate cellular targets. In the present study, the effect of the combination of doxycycline and natural products against planktonic cells, biofilm, and virulence factors of P. aeruginosa was evaluated. Methods: To perform this work, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of doxycycline and natural products were determined by broth microdilution method. The microtiter plate assay method was used to determine the minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). The effect of doxycycline and natural products against pyocyanin, swarming motility, and swimming motility was evaluated. The checkerboard method was used to evaluate the effect of the combination of doxycycline with natural products against planktonic and biofilm cells. Results: The MIC of doxycycline ranges between 2 µg/mL and 128 µg/mL with an average of 35.89 µg/mL. Sinapic acid shows the best inhibitory activity against planktonic cells with an average MIC of 27.79 µg/mL. At the sub-inhibitory concentrations, the pyocyanin production, swarming motility, and swimming motility decrease. Out of the six combinations tested, the combination formed by doxycycline and sinapic acid exhibited synergistic activity for the prevention of biofilm formation with a 7-fold reduction in MBIC of doxycycline. Conclusion: This study revealed that the doxycycline and sinapic acid combination could be considered as a promising candidate for the development of therapy against P. aeruginosa infections.
The geology of the Hebrides and West Shetland shelves, and adjacent deep-water areas

Physiography pre-Devonian post-Caledonian structural development Devonian to Lower Carboniferous (old red sandstone) carboniferous Permian and Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous sedimentary rocks Cretaceous and Tertiary igneous rocks Tertiary sedimentary rocks Tertiary sedimentary rocks Quaternary sea-bed sidiments economic geology.
Struggle for space : appropriation and regulation of prime locations in sustaining informal livelihoods in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania

i Acknowledgement . iii List of Figures . x List of Tables . xi Abbreviations . xii 1 Chapter 1. Urban Informality: an Introduction . 2 1.1 The place of informal livelihood activities in African cities . 2 1.2 The need to earn livelihood . 4 1.3 The contest for prime location . 5 1.4 Statement of the problem . 6 1.5 Purpose of the study . 7 1.6 Methodological approach . 8 1.7 Working definitions of key concepts . 10 1.8 Structure of the thesis . 11 2 Chapter 2. Theoretical Framework: Urban Spaces and Informal Livelihood Activities. 16 2.
Robust Optimal Control Scheme for Unknown Constrained-Input Nonlinear Systems via a Plug-n-Play Event-Sampled Critic-Only Algorithm

In this paper, a novel event-sampled robust optimal controller is proposed for a class of continuous-time constrained-input nonlinear systems with unknown dynamics. In order to solve the robust optimal control problem, an online data-driven identifier is established to construct the system dynamics, and an event-sampled critic-only adaptive dynamic programming method is developed to replace the conventional time-driven actor–critic structure. The designed online identification method runs during the solving process and is not applied as a priori part for the solutions, which simplifies the architecture and reduces computational load. The proposed robust optimal control algorithm tunes the parameters of critic-only neural network (NN) by event-triggering condition and runs in a plug-n-play framework without system functions, where fewer transmissions and less computation are required as all the measurements received simultaneously. Based on the novel design, the stability of system and the convergence of critic NN are demonstrated by Lyapunov theory, where the state is asymptotically stable and weight error is guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, the applications in a basic nonlinear system and the complex rotational–translational actuator problem demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Analysis of trends at some Irish rainfall stations

This report concerns a study of rainfall reports from 12 Irish locations covering a 59year (708 months) period 1941 to 1999. The objective is to determine what changes, if any, have occurred in the character of Irish rainfall, as represented by these stations, during the period. Trends and variability of annual and monthly accumulations, numbers of rain days, numbers of wet days and greatest daily falls are reported. Annual maxima of rainfall of various durations from 15 minutes to 25 days at one station are also examined. Methods which were used to estimate missing data and, at one station, to correct some monthly accumulations are described. Accumulations, rain-days and wet days are found to show significant increases at many stations in certain months (e.g. March) and decreases in others (e.g. July to September period). On the other hand, and perhaps surprisingly, November, December and January trends in the stations examined tend to be smaller and less significant. Annual greatest daily falls show no significant trends but significant trends are found for some months (increasing trends at 3, 5 and 4 stations during March, April and June respectively and decreasing at 4 and 1 location for May and July respectively). This investigation provides some support for the assertion that a change occurred in the character of Irish rainfall during the early 1970s.
Dietary Patterns, Foods, and Nutrients to Ameliorate Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Scoping Review

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease without pharmacological treatment yet. There is also a lack of specific dietary recommendations and strategies to treat the negative health impacts derived from NAFLD. Objective: This scoping review aimed to compile dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients to ameliorate NAFLD. Methods: A literature search was performed through MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results: Several guidelines are available through the literature. Hypocaloric Mediterranean diet is the most accepted dietary pattern to tackle NAFLD. Coffee consumption (sugar free) may have a protective effect for NAFLD. Microbiota also plays a role in NAFLD; hence, fibre intake should be guaranteed. Conclusions: A high-quality diet could improve liver steatosis. Weight loss through hypocaloric diet together with physical activity and limited sugar intake are good strategies for managing NAFLD. Specific dietary recommendations and a Mediterranean plate have been proposed to ameliorate NAFLD.
Direct-Coupled TE–TM Waveguide Filters

This article presents a new class of bandpass filters, which extends the state-of-the-art of direct-coupled waveguide cavity structures. The new filter class possesses the strengths of the most advanced pseudo-elliptic nonresonating mode TM cavity filters while maintaining the versatility of realizing both narrow and wide passbands as is for the most conventional inductive iris direct-coupled waveguide filters. The key characteristic of the proposed filter class is that TE10 and TM11 sections are directly coupled to each other without using any dedicated coupling element while still making it possible to fully control all the coupling coefficients by solely adjusting the position and orientation of the sections. After an initial design based on coupling matrices, conventional and/or mixed lumped-distributed equivalent circuits, coupling curves, and simple design guidelines, the optimization of these structures can be carried out using well-known mode-matching and integral equation-based techniques, as well as the more recent full-wave model of the electromagnetic coupling matrix. Several configurations and filter examples, including the experimental results of an ${X}$ -band SATCOM bandpass filter, are presented to validate the effectiveness and versatility of this new general class of waveguide bandpass filters.
GPTZero Performance in Identifying Artificial Intelligence-Generated Medical Texts: A Preliminary Study

Background With emergence of chatbots to help authors with scientific writings, editors should have tools to identify artificial intelligence-generated texts. GPTZero is among the first websites that has sought media attention claiming to differentiate machine-generated from human-written texts. Methods Using 20 text pieces generated by ChatGPT in response to arbitrary questions on various topics in medicine and 30 pieces chosen from previously published medical articles, the performance of GPTZero was assessed. Results GPTZero had a sensitivity of 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.41–0.85); specificity, 0.90 (0.73–0.98); accuracy, 0.80 (0.66–0.90); and positive and negative likelihood ratios, 6.5 (2.1–19.9) and 0.4 (0.2–0.7), respectively. Conclusion GPTZero has a low false-positive (classifying a human-written text as machine-generated) and a high false-negative rate (classifying a machine-generated text as human-written).