Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motions in a Bose condensate: IV. Axisymmetric solitary waves

Axisymmetric disturbances that preserve their form as they move through a Bose condensate are obtained numerically by the solution of the appropriate nonlinear Schrodinger equation. A continuous family is obtained that, in the momentum (p)-energy (E) plane, consists of two branches meeting at a cusp of minimum momentum around 0.140 PK~/C' and minimum energy about 0.145 p~~/c, where p is density, c is the speed of sound and K is the quantum of circulation. For all larger p, there are two possible energy states. One (the lower branch) is (for large enough p) a vortex ring of circulation K; as p+m its radius G-(~/TK)"* becomes infinite and its forward velocity tends to zero. The other (the upper branch) lacks vorticity and is a rarefaction sound pulse that becomes increasingly one dimensional as p +a; its velocity approaches c for large p. The velocity of any member of the family is shown, both numerically and analytically, to be aE/ap, the derivative being taken along the family. At great distances, the disturbance in the condensate is pseudo-dipolar (dipolar in a stretched coordinate system); the strength of the pseudo-dipole moment is obtained numerically. Analogous calculations are presen- ted for the corresponding two-dimensional problem. Again, a continuous sequence of solitary waves is obtained, but the momentum per unit length p and energy per unit length E have no minima. For small forward velocities, the wave consists of two widely separated parallel, oppositely directed line vortices. As the forward velocity increases the wave loses its vorticity and becomes a rarefaction pulse of ever increasing spatial extent but ever decreasing amplitude. As its velocity approaches c, both p and E tend to zero, and Elp + c.
Exploring young consumers ’ trust and purchase intention of organic cotton apparel

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reputation, product price and organic label on consumers’ perceptions of quality, trust and purchase intentions of organic apparel products by surveying American young consumers. Design/methodology/approach: An intercept survey approach was used to administer a written questionnaire to a sample of college students. The experiment is a 2 (CSR reputation: poor vs good) × 2 (price: low vs high) × 2 (organic label: absent vs present) factorial design. Findings: The results of our study suggest that retailers’ CSR reputation had a significant positive effect on perceived quality, consumer trust and purchase intentions, and price had a negative impact on consumers’ purchase intentions. Results also revealed a significant three-way interaction among the three independent variables on perceived quality and consumer trust. Originality/value: This research is the first empirical effort to investigate the key factors that may influence young consumers’ perceptions of quality, trust and purchase intentions of organic products by considering joint use of CSR reputation, product price and an organic label, which represents a realistic buying condition. Consequently, the findings of this study represent an important step forward in better understanding consumers’ buying behavior toward green products.
The Impact of Detailed Snow Physics on the Simulation of Snow Cover and Subsurface Thermodynamics at Continental Scales

The three-layer snow model of Lynch-Stieglitz is coupled to the global catchment-based land surface model of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Seasonal to Interannual Prediction Project, and the combined models are used to simulate the growth and ablation of snow cover over the North American continent for the period of 1987‐88. The various snow processes included in the three-layer model, such as snow melting and refreezing, dynamic changes in snow density, and snow insulating properties, are shown (through a comparison with the corresponding simulation using a much simpler snow model) to lead to an improved simulation of ground thermodynamics on the continental scale. This comparison indicates that the three-layer model, originally developed and validated at small experimental catchments, does indeed capture the important snow processes that control the growth and the ablation of continental-scale snowpack and its snow insulation capabilities. 1. Background
The Behaviour of the Norway Lobster , Nephrops norvegicus ( L . 1 , During Trawling

Introduction The Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus (L.) (Plate I), commonly called the "prawn", is widely distributed around Scotland and supports an important inshore fishery (Howard, 1982). Nephrops are caught by baited creels and specially designed light demersal trawls on grounds where the sea bed consists of fine cohesive mud, in which they excavate burrows (Barnes and Bagenal, 195 1 ; Dybern and Hoiseter, 1965; Chapman and R ice, 197 1 ; Rice and Chapman, 1971; Atkinson, 1974). I t i s often assumed that size selection during trawling for Nephrops i s mainly controlled by the cod-end mesh size, but it has been shown that Nephrops also escape from other parts of some trawls (Cole and Simpson, 1965; Pope and Thornas, 1965; Hillis, 1979, 1983; Hillis and Earley, 1982).
Crafting an Argument in Steps: A Writing Process Model for Graduate and Professional Students with LD.

The paper discusses argument pedagogy for graduate and professional students with learning disabilities (LD) in the context of academic writing. To understand the nature and types of writing problems that graduate and professional students with LD experience, the author presents results of a university-wide survey with the students who did and did not report LD. The results show that students reporting LD reveal higher needs in five recognized stages of the writing process: selecting knowledge, synthesis of ideas, translation into text, reviewing, and monitoring. They exhibit especially strong differences in the synthesis stage, which includes argument building, development, and organization, and in the reviewing stage, including sentence structure, clarity, punctuation, and formatting. These findings indicate that not only do LD students display needs in high-order and low-order cognitive tasks, but that different stages of highly cognitive tasks cause different degrees of difficulty for them. The results support the five-stage writing process model. Based on this model, the paper proposes a Recursive Step-By-Step Approach that facilitates the process of argument crafting. By dissecting argument building into feasible steps, students with LD can approach the argument writing task, avoiding procrastination and writing blocks.
Dynamics of Housing Debt in the Recent Boom and Great Recession

This paper documents a number of key facts about the evolution of mortgage debt, homeownership, debt burden, and subsequent delinquency during the recent housing boom and Great Recession. We show that the mortgage expansion was shared across the entire income distribution; that is, the flow and stock of debt rose across all income groups (except for the top 5%). The mortgage expansion was especially pronounced in areas with increased house prices, and the speed at which houses turned over (churn) in these areas went up significantly. However, the average loan-to-value ratios (LTV) at origination did not increase over the boom period. While homeownership rates increased for the middle- and upper-income households, there was no increase in homeownership for the lowest income groups. Finally, default rates postcrisis went up predominantly in areas with large house price drops, especially for high-income and high-FICO borrowers. These results are consistent with a view that the run-up in mortgage debt over the precrisis period was driven by rising home values and expectations of increasing prices.
Defining data-driven analytical methods on improving energy-efficiency in apartment buildings

Energy efficiency is one of the key characteristics of smart cities and data-driven analytical methods, especially including Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, and meaningful indicators are provided to support initiatives but also changing behavior at the citizen level. The analysis is often undertaken in closed systems that contain sensors, data acquisition, analysis and visualization. To improve the effectiveness of energy-efficiency initiatives in climate programs, harmonization of analytical methods and quality assurance of the data are required. This paper provides an overview of these themes based on the findings from two European Union (EU)-funded projects, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) 6Aika Climate Friendly Housing Companies and Horizon 2020 mySMARTLife.
Developing and validating a questionnaire to Measure Ethical Sensitivity of Freshly Graduated Dentists.

OBJECTIVE To develop an instrument for assessing the ethical sensitivity of freshly graduated dentists. METHODS This instrument development study was done at Sardar Begum Dental College, Peshawar, Pakistan, from September 2014 to April 2015. The instrument developed was the Dental Ethical Sensitivity Scale in accordance with the guidelines for the development of educational instruments. Data was obtained from freshly graduated dentists through the instrument containing vignettes related to three domains of ethics; beneficence, autonomy and confidentiality. Content validity index and Angoff's method were used to determine the validity and cut-off passing score respectively. Reliability analysis comprised internal consistency and test re-test. RESULTS Of the 138 house officers approached, 107(77%) responded. Of them, 37(34.5%) were males and 70(65.4%) were females. The overall mean age was 23.7±1. 1 years. Overall, 51(47.6%) subjects were ethically sensitive whereas 50(46.7%) were partially sensitive and 6(5.6%) were insensitive. The CVI for the instrument was 0.8; cutoff score was 83%; internal consistency was 0.63; and test re-test reliability was 0.71. Relation between ethical sensitivity, gender and class attendance of the participants was insignificant (p>0.05 each). Conclusion Dental Ethical Sensitivity Scale was found to be effective in providing a valid and reliable assessment instrument for measuring ethical sensitivity of freshly graduated dentists.
Carbonation of Natural Wollastonite at Non-Ambient Conditions Relevant for CCS—the Possible Use as Cementitious Material in Wellbores

The reaction of wollastonite with CO2 accompanied by SO2 and NO2 in the presence of a chloride-rich brine (230 g/L NaCl, 15 g/L CaCl2, 5 g/L MgCl2) at temperatures relevant to injection conditions (333 K) in carbon capture and storage (CCS) were investigated within the joint BMWi (Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy) research project CLUSTER. The reaction which describes the formation of wollastonite during metamorphism is reversed and shows a strong temperature dependence. Wollastonite reacts in the presence of CO2 ( C ¯ ) in aqueous conditions to form calcium carbonate and amorphous silicon oxide. At 333 K and 2 MPa the carbonation reaction of wollastonite ( C ¯ C S ) is fast (<24 h). To determine the conversion rate of the reaction quantitatively different methods were used and compared: Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) with the Rietveld method and differential scanning calorimetry with thermogravimetry, coupled with a mass spectrometer (DSC-TG/MS) for quantitative phase analysis and for determination of the carbonation. The carbonation (CO2 accompanied by SO2 and NO2) of natural wollastonite at 333 K in presence of chloride-rich brine was rather fast (almost complete after 24 h reaction time).
PENGARUH FREE CASH FLOW DAN FINANCIAL LEVERAGE TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA DENGAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI

This research aimed to examine whether free cash flow and financial leverage affected profit management and whether good corporate governance as a moderating variable moderated the effect of free cash flow and financial leverage on profit management on textile and garment companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2016-2018. This study used sample of 16 companies from the textile and garment listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period of 2016-2018, and used a purposive sampling technique. Based on the results of research conduct shows that free cash flow has a negative and significant effect on earnings management. Financial leverage has a negative and not significant effect on earnings management. Good corporate governance can moderate or strengthen the influence between free cash flow and profit management. And good corporate governance can moderate or strengthen the influence between financial leverage and profit management.
The prospective follow-up of the natural course of interatrial communications diagnosed in 847 newborns

Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalance of interatrial communications (IACs) and IAC types in a large series of newborns, to establish the incidence of spontaneous closure of IACs, to determine the relationship between spontaneous closure and the size and type of IACs, and to investigate the incidence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and atrial arrhythmia in newborn infants with atrial septal aneurysm (ASA). Methods and results Between 2000 and 2001, a total of 1100 asymptomatic and term newborns were evaluated. Those who had congenital heart diseases and failed to attend the follow-up visits were excluded from the study. The remaining 847 newborns were followed until the closure time or in those where closure did not occur, for a maximum time of 45 months (mean 25+3 months, range 1– 45 months). The mean age at diagnosis was 1.7+1.4 days (range 1–7 days). According to echocardiographic evaluation, cases were classified into four groups based on the initial size of IAC and into three groups based on the type of IAC. At the end of the 45th month IACs were closed spontaneously in 98.6% of the cases. There was significant relationship between the diameter of IAC and the timing of the closure (P , 0.01). The closure time in the cases with ASA was significantly longer than the cases with valve-like opening and multiple fenestration (P , 0.01). In female newborns, the defects remained open for a significantly longer period than male newborns (P 1⁄4 0.0397). There was no significant relationship between ASA and atrial arrhythmias (P 1⁄4 0.294). None of the newborns had MVP. Conclusion The cases with IACs ,3 mm do not need follow-up. However, the cases with IACs . 3 mm do need to be followed until the defect closes completely. Those with ASA should be followed-up regularly, because these defects can remain open. Spontaneous closure occurs significantly earlier in cases with valve-like opening and multiple fenestration.
THE ORIGIN OF THE SPLIT RED CLUMP IN THE GALACTIC BULGE OF THE MILKY WAY

Near the minor axis of the Galactic bulge, at latitudes b < −5°, the red giant clump stars are split into two components along the line of sight. We investigate this split using the three fields from the ARGOS survey that lie on the minor axis at (l, b) = (0°, −5°), (0°, −7.°5), (0°, −10°). The separation is evident for stars with [Fe/H] > − 0.5 in the two higher-latitude fields, but not in the field at b = −5°. Stars with [Fe/H] < − 0.5 do not show the split. We compare the spatial distribution and kinematics of the clump stars with predictions from an evolutionary N-body model of a bulge that grew from a disk via bar-related instabilities. The density distribution of the peanut-shaped model is depressed near its minor axis. This produces a bimodal distribution of stars along the line of sight through the bulge near its minor axis, very much as seen in our observations. The observed and modeled kinematics of the two groups of stars are also similar. We conclude that the split red clump of the bulge is probably a generic feature of boxy/peanut bulges that grew from disks, and that the disk from which the bulge grew had relatively few stars with [Fe/H] < − 0.5.
Combined use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and metformin reduces blood sugar level and improves pancreatic islet β cell function in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus : a meta-analysis

Aims: The present study is to use meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combined use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and metformin (MET) in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Literatures were carefully searched in databases including PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese VIP Journal Database, and Chinese Biomedical Database from the construction date of the databases to August 2014. The experimental (DPPI + MET) group orally took DPP-4 inhibitors and MET, while control (MET) group only orally took MET or MET + placebo. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and pancreatic islet cell function were the main outcome indices. Hypoglycemia and other adverse reactions were secondary outcome indices. Methodology quality evaluation of included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed using the “bias risk assessment tool” in Cochrane Review Manager version 5.2. The heterogeneity among the included studies was examined using χ2 test. Results: A total of 22 RCTs and 13,987 subjects were finally included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that the efficacy of combined use of DPP-4 inhibitors and MET was better than that of MET alone in reducing HbA1c. Similarly, combined use of DPP-4 inhibitors and MET had better efficacy than MET alone in improving pancreatic islet β cell function. These results were not altered by changes in duration of treatments. Combined use of DPP-4 inhibitors and MET or MET alone had low risks for total adverse events or hypoglycemia. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that the combination of DPP-4 inhibitors and MET has better efficacy than MET alone in controlling blood sugar level and improving pancreatic islet β cell function during the treatment of T2DM. However, the incidence for hypoglycemia and total adverse reactions is the same for the combination of DPP-4 inhibitors and MET and MET alone.
To Replicate or Not to Replicate? Exploring Reproducibility in Economics Through the Lens of a Model and a Pilot Study

The sciences are in an era of an alleged ‘credibility crisis’. In this study, we discuss the reproducibility of empirical results, focusing on economics research. By combining theory and empirical evidence, we discuss the import of replication studies, and whether they improve our confidence in novel findings. The theory sheds light on the importance of replications, even when replications are subject to bias. We then present a pilot meta-study of replication in experimental economics, a subfield serving as a positive benchmark for investigating the credibility of economics. Our meta-study highlights certain difficulties when applying meta-research to systematise the economics literature.
Short-Term Market Risks Implied by Weekly Options

We study short-maturity (“weekly”) S&P 500 index options, which provide a direct way to analyze volatility and jump risks. Unlike longer-dated options, they are largely insensitive to the risk of intertemporal shifts in the economic environment. Adopting a novel seminonparametric approach, we uncover variation in the negative jump tail risk, which is not spanned by market volatility and helps predict future equity returns. As such, our approach allows for easy identification of periods of heightened concerns about negative tail events that are not always “signaled” by the level of market volatility and elude standard asset pricing models.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Operational Inefficiency: A Dynamic Approach

It is yet to be determined whether the firms’ operational inefficiency is reflected on the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) engagement approach. This paper aims to examine this association and specifically analyzes to which of the dimensions of CSR operational inefficiency is more closely related. Operational inefficiency is assessed using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) via dynamic inefficiency approach that accounts for the confounding role of adjustment costs related with firms’ investments. Using a sample of U.S. firms in a variety of sectors from 2004 to 2015, we find that lower dynamic inefficiency occurs in firms with a higher commitment to CSR activities. We also find that dynamic inefficiency is negatively related to firms’ engagement in social and corporate governance dimensions of CSR, whereas it is positively associated with the environmental dimension of CSR. In addition, dynamically inefficient companies have higher level of CSR concerns and lower of CSR strengths. The results are robust to endogeneity issues.
Persistence: Myth and Mystery

Abstract Is persistence a myth or a fact? In this chapter, I survey the literature on persistence in historical economics. I first clarify some of the concepts, before presenting a classification of studies according to the evidence used and the underlying mechanisms that they invoke. In particular, I highlight the need to go beyond a ritualistic invocation of cultural mechanisms, and to take seriously alternative mechanisms like the effects of economic geography. Next, the chapter examines the soundness of recent critiques of the statistical validity of persistence studies. Finally, I conclude with recommendations for future research.
Complex interaction of adiponectin-mediated pathways on cancer treatment: a novel therapeutic target

Obesity has the far reaching consequence on cancer pathogenesis and immune reactions. In particular, adiponectin (APN) produced by adipocytes played an important role in modulating obesity related malignancies. Via its interaction with corresponding receptors and their downstream signalling pathways, it regulates cells survival, apoptosis and cancer metastasis. Our review dissects the clinical evidence on how hypoadiponectinaemia associated with the increased risks of several cancers and the long-term prognosis and also addresses the controversies. APN also has its indirect effect on anti-cancer immune response which may influence the disease process. We also analyse the impact of APN on the immune system, the anti-tumour responses and the controversies surrounding this area. Targeting therapeutics on APN and its receptor axis represents a promising and novel anti-cancer treatment. Biological understanding of how APN and its interaction with its receptors may affect the immune reactivity. Careful strategizing the use of APN therapeutics in cancer treatment is important, as the APN receptor signalling on the immune cells can blunt anti-tumour response. Targeting APN or its receptors has an enormous implication for the treatment of cancers.