Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Parents Perceive Practitioners to Have a Specific Role in Change? A Longitudinal Study Following Participation in an Evidence-Based Program

Little attention has been given to the role of practitioners in evidence-based parenting programs and to the evaluation that parents make of their importance in the process of change. This study aims to explore the role that parents assign to the facilitators of the Incredible Years (IY) program in enabling long-term life changes, as well as the association between parents’ evaluation of the practitioners’ skills and specific changes perceived after the intervention. In this longitudinal study, we applied 1 survey to 80 community parents who had participated in an IY group 2 years before, and we retrieved archival data to assess changes in parents’ ratings of sense of competence and in children’s behaviors immediately after the end of the intervention. Two years after the intervention, parents perceived significant improvements, especially in their parenting and their children’s behaviors, and they recognized that their IY practitioners had played a significant role in these life changes. Parents who attributed a greater role to the practitioners’ skills reported a greater number of improvements in parental sense of competence and in children’s behaviors. The practitioners’ skills relating more broadly to these specific changes are the practitioners’ sensitivity and flexibility towards parents’ needs and the practitioners’ ability to clearly share knowledge with parents. The practitioner’s assigned role when implementing an evidence-based parenting program seems to go far beyond the mere conveyance of the program’s specific contents and methods and deserves to be researched further.
From Mushrooms to Myolysis

Abstract The involvement of certain recreational drugs, namely, hallucinogens, in the development of hyperactive syndromes is well known, but not well studied. In this report, we expand on this relationship by documenting the development of substance-induced psychosis in a young patient who used a large amount of psilocybin and developed symptoms of a first psychotic and manic episode, complicated by violent behavior and rhabdomyolysis. We further evaluate the association between psilocybin use and rhabdomyolysis and explore this understudied phenomenon and differentiate it from the diagnoses of other hyperactive syndromes seen in psychiatry. This case exemplifies the need for increased vigilance in psilocybin microdosing therapy and for physicians to be mindful of how each patient responds to its use to prevent life-threatening hyperactive syndromes in its wake.
Cannabigerol (CBG) attenuates mechanical hypersensitivity elicited by chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy

Cannabigerol (CBG) is a non‐psychoactive phytocannabinoid produced by the plant Cannabis sativa with affinity to various receptors involved in nociception. As a result, CBG is marketed as an over‐the‐counter treatment for many forms of pain. However, there is very little research‐based evidence for the efficacy of CBG as an anti‐nociceptive agent.
Effects of mindfulness‐based therapy for insomnia and a sleep hygiene/exercise programme on subjective‐objective sleep discrepancy in older adults with sleep disturbances: Exploratory secondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial

Older adults with poor sleep tend to show a discrepancy between objective and self‐reported sleep parameters, which can trigger a vicious cycle that worsens their sleep complaints. Cognitive‐behavioural therapy can reduce this discrepancy, but alternative behavioural therapies remain untested. The present exploratory study aimed to investigate the effects of mindfulness‐based therapy for insomnia (MBTI) on reducing sleep discrepancies in comparison with a sleep hygiene, education, and exercise programme (SHEEP). Older adults were randomly allocated into the mindfulness‐based therapy for insomnia group (n = 55) or the sleep hygiene, education, and exercise programme group (n = 58). Subjective and objective sleep parameters were measured using sleep diaries, polysomnography (PSG), and actigraphy. Sleep discrepancies were calculated using the Bland–Altman method for sleep onset latency (SOL) and wake after sleep onset (WASO). Additionally, correlations between the change in sleep discrepancies and the change in subjective sleep quality and trait mindfulness were measured within each group. Sleep onset latency discrepancy measured by polysomnography and actigraphy decreased significantly after the MBTI and SHEEP interventions. In contrast, there was no significant change in wake after sleep onset discrepancy in either group. The change in sleep onset latency discrepancy was correlated with the change in insomnia symptoms and objectively measured trait mindfulness. Mindfulness‐based therapy for insomnia was effective in reducing sleep onset latency discrepancies and improving sleep perception in older adults with sleep disturbances, which in turn drove an improvement in sleep quality and insomnia symptoms. Increases in trait mindfulness may have been an important mechanism in improving sleep perception in the mindfulness‐based therapy for insomnia group.
THE GENOMIC CODE: ISOCHORES ENCODE AND MOLD CHROMATIN DOMAINS

The mechanisms of formation of LADs, the lamina associated domains, and TADs, the topologically associating domains of chromatin, are not yet understood, even if several interesting models have been proposed so far. This problem was approached here by using as a starting point the observation that chromatin architecture has an isochore framework and by having a closer look at both the isochore structure and the isochore/chromatin domain connection. This approach showed that LADs essentially correspond to isochores from the very GC-poor, compositionally very homogeneous L1 family and from the low-heterogeneity L2 (or L2-) sub-family; LADs are compositionally flat, flexible chromatin structures that attach themselves to the nuclear lamina in self-interacting clusters. In contrast, TADs (neglecting those that coincide with LADs) comprise the increasingly GC-richer isochores from the high-heterogeneity L2 (or L2+) sub-family and from the H1, H2 and H3 families; these isochores were found to be in the form of single or (more frequently) multiple GC peaks that underlie individual chromatin loops or chromatin loop ensembles, respectively. TADs appear to be constrained into loops by the properties that accompany the increasing GC levels of isochore peaks, namely increasing bendability, increasing nuclease accessibility, decreasing supercoiling and decreasing nucleosome density. In conclusion, a genomic code underlies the encoding and shaping of chromatin architecture by the compositional features of isochores.
Self-, other-, and meta-perceptions of personality: Relations with burnout symptoms and eudaimonic workplace well-being

The present study examined whether disagreement between self-, other-, and meta-perceptions of personality was related to burnout symptoms and eudaimonic workplace well-being. We expected disagreement in personality perceptions to explain incremental variance in burnout symptoms and eudaimonic workplace well-being beyond the main effects of the different personality ratings. Participants were 459 Dutch employees and their 906 colleagues (who provided other ratings of personality). The results, based on polynomial regression with response surface analyses, highlighted strong main effects of self-rated personality traits in relation to burnout symptoms and eudaimonic workplace well-being. This study provides, as far as we know, the first empirical evidence that self-rated Honesty-Humility negatively predicts burnout symptoms. Results showed little evidence on incremental effects of disagreement between personality perceptions, with one clear exception: when respondents misjudged how their colleagues would rate them on Honesty-Humility (i.e., discrepancy between meta- and other-perceptions), respondents experienced more feelings of burnout and less eudaimonic workplace well-being. Our study contributes to the literature by providing evidence that discrepancies between meta- and other-perceptions of Honesty-Humility affect employee well-being (i.e., burnout symptoms and eudaimonic workplace well-being).
Multimorbidity and Complex Multimorbidity in India: Findings from the 2017–2018 Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI)

Complex multimorbidity refers to the co-occurrence of three or more chronic illnesses across >2 body systems, which may identify persons in need of additional medical support and treatment. There is a scarcity of evidence on the differences in patient outcomes between non-complex (≥2 conditions) and complex multimorbidity groups. We evaluated the prevalence and patient outcomes of complex multimorbidity and compared them to non-complex multimorbidity. We included 30,489 multimorbid individuals aged ≥45 years from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) from wave-1 conducted in 2017–2018. We employed a log link in generalised linear models (GLM) to identify possible risk factors presenting the adjusted prevalence–risk ratio (APRR) and adjusted prevalence–risk difference (APRD) with 95% confidence interval. The prevalence of complex multimorbidity was 34.5% among multimorbid individuals. Participants residing in urban areas [APRR: 1.10 (1.02, 1.20)], [APRD: 0.04 (0.006, 0.07)] were more likely to report complex multimorbidity. Participants with complex multimorbidity availed significantly higher inpatient department services and had higher expenditure as compared to the non-complex multimorbidity group. Our findings have major implications for healthcare systems in terms of meeting the requirements of people with complicated multimorbidity, as they have significantly higher inpatient health service utilisation, higher medical costs, and poorer self-rated health.
Asthma control in Brazil: a systematic review

Abstract Objectives To explore asthma control in patients undergoing pharmacotherapy on studies in the last 20 years in Brazil. Asthma is a chronic airway inflammation disease with a high prevalence worldwide. Even with a variety of drug treatment improvements, attaining asthma control is challenging, since it should have a personalized approach. In Brazil, studies on the prevalence of asthma control are scarce and usually from a small sample size. Data Sources A systematic review was performed to assess asthma control in Brazilian population. Terms related to “asthma”, “asthma control” and “Brazil” were used in the search strategies in PubMed, BVSalud, Embase and Cochrane Library, including Brazilian Journal of Allergy and Immunology as data sources. A narrative synthesis was performed to report key outcome. Study Selections In total, 23 studies were included. Most of them were conducted in the Southeastern and Northeast regions, in a short duration. Results Pediatric and non-pediatric population were assessed, with a higher proportion of female. In pediatric population, those with poorly controlled asthma usually had severe or persistent disease. In elderly, an increased asthma severity was found, although proper treatment might be effective. Most studies (70%) also described exacerbations, hospitalizations (48%), quality of life (39%), and emergency visits (30%). Despite heterogeneity of outcomes and population, studies show an important prevalence of uncontrolled asthma even in patients being treated, with better disease control with treatment improvements. Conclusions Studies in Brazil have shown that asthma control remains a challenge and there is still a need for improvement on disease management.
Divergent Host-Microbe Interaction and Pathogenesis Proteins Detected in Recently Identified Liberibacter Species

“Candidatus” (Ca.) Liberibacter taxa are economically important plant pathogens vectored by insects; however, these host-dependent bacterial taxa are extremely difficult to study because they are unculturable. Recently, we identified a new Ca. ABSTRACT Candidatus (Ca.) Liberibacter taxa are economically important bacterial plant pathogens that are not culturable; however, genome-enabled insights can help us develop a deeper understanding of their host-microbe interactions and evolution. The draft genome of a recently identified Liberibacter taxa, Ca. Liberibacter capsica, was curated and annotated here with a total draft genome size of 1.1 MB with 1,036 proteins, which is comparable to other Liberibacter species with complete genomes. A total of 459 orthologous clusters were identified among Ca. L. capsica, Ca. L. asiaticus, Ca. L. psyllaurous, Ca. L. americanus, Ca. L. africanus, and L. crescens, and these genes within these clusters consisted of housekeeping and environmental response functions. We estimated the rates of molecular evolution for each of the 443 one-to-one ortholog clusters and found that all Ca. L. capsica orthologous pairs were under purifying selection when the synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (dS) were not saturated. These results suggest that these genes are largely maintaining their conserved functions. We also identified the most divergent single-copy orthologous proteins in Ca. L. capsica by analyzing the ortholog pairs that represented the highest nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site (dN) values for each pairwise comparison. From these analyses, we found that 21 proteins which are known to be involved in pathogenesis and host-microbe interactions, including the Tad pilus complex, were consistently divergent between Ca. L. capsica and the majority of other Liberibacter species. These results further our understanding of the evolutionary genetics of Ca. L. capsica and, more broadly, the evolution of Liberibacter. IMPORTANCE “Candidatus” (Ca.) Liberibacter taxa are economically important plant pathogens vectored by insects; however, these host-dependent bacterial taxa are extremely difficult to study because they are unculturable. Recently, we identified a new Ca. Liberibacter lineage (Ca. Liberibacter capsica) from a rare insect metagenomic sample. In this current study, we report that the draft genome of Ca. Liberibacter capsica is similar in genome size and protein content compared to the other Ca. Liberibacter taxa. We provide evidence that many of their shared genes, which encode housekeeping and environmental response functions, are evolving under purifying selection, suggesting that these genes are maintaining similar functions. Our study also identifies 21 proteins that are rapidly evolving amino acid changes in Ca. Liberibacter capsica compared to the majority of other Liberibacter taxa. Many of these proteins represent key genes involved in Liberibacter-host interactions and pathogenesis and are valuable candidate genes for future studies.
Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles and future directions in diagnosis and therapy

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a unique and heterogeneous class of lipid bilayer nanoparticles secreted by most cells. EVs are regarded as important mediators of intercellular communication in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells due to their ability to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to recipient cells. In addition to their physiological role, EVs are recognized as modulators in pathological processes such as cancer, infectious diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, providing new potential targets for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. For a complete understanding of EVs as a universal cellular biological system and its translational applications, optimal techniques for their isolation and characterization are required. Here, we review recent progress in those techniques, from isolation methods to characterization techniques. With interest in therapeutic applications of EVs growing, we address fundamental points of EV‐related cell biology, such as cellular uptake mechanisms and their biodistribution in tissues as well as challenges to their application as drug carriers or biomarkers for less invasive diagnosis or as immunogens. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Neurofilament Transport Is Bidirectional In Vivo

Abstract Neurofilaments are abundant space-filling cytoskeletal polymers that are transported into and along axons. During postnatal development, these polymers accumulate in myelinated axons causing an expansion of axon caliber, which is necessary for rapid electrical transmission. Studies on cultured nerve cells have shown that axonal neurofilaments move rapidly and intermittently along microtubule tracks in both anterograde and retrograde directions. However, it is unclear whether neurofilament transport is also bidirectional in vivo. Here, we describe a pulse-spread fluorescence photoactivation method to address this in peripheral nerves dissected from hThy1-paGFP-NFM transgenic mice, which express a photoactivatable fluorescent neurofilament protein. Neurofilaments were photoactivated in short segments of myelinated axons in tibial nerves at 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks of age. The proximal and distal spread of the fluorescence due to the movement of the fluorescent neurofilaments was measured over time. We show that the directional bias and velocity of neurofilament transport can be calculated from these measurements. The directional bias was ∼60% anterograde and 40% retrograde and did not change significantly with age or distance along the nerve. The net velocity decreased with age and distance along the nerve, which is consistent with previous studies using radioisotopic pulse labeling. This decrease in velocity was caused by a decrease in both anterograde and retrograde movement. Thus, neurofilament transport is bidirectional in vivo, with a significant fraction of the filaments moving retrogradely in both juvenile and adult mice.
Social media use among bisexuals and pansexuals: connection, harassment and mental health

Abstract Analysing survey data from 1,304 LGBTQ + young people in Australia collected in 2016, this paper considers key distinctions between the experiences of bisexual and pansexual participants, and lesbian and gay participants in relation to social media use and aspects of connection, harassment and mental health. Presenting quantitative data, illustrated by qualitative extracts, we found broad similarities in motivations for using social media and how participants connected to peers and communities. There were some statistically significant differences, however, in respondents’ motivations for using social media and who they connected with on these platforms. Importantly, bisexual and pansexual participants reported more negative experiences of harassment and exclusion across all major social media platforms when compared to their lesbian and gay peers. Bisexual and pansexual respondents also reported poorer mental health experiences. These findings speak to the different impacts of discrimination and oppression that young people experience in everyday life. There is a need for focused attention on bisexual and pansexual young people in academic, policy and youth-work domains. Young people will benefit from more substantial school-based education on LGBTQ + identities - beyond the experiences of gay and lesbian people - to ‘usualise’ varieties of difference in gender and sexual identity.
Attention allocation between item and order information in short-term memory

In immediate memory for verbal lists, recently it has been shown that participants can choose to carry out encoding that prioritises readiness for an item test at some cost to order information or, conversely, that prioritises readiness for an order test at a cost to item information. Here, we ask whether participants can control attention to items and order in a graded fashion. We examined this issue by manipulating the percentage of order or item test trials participants would receive in a block (for each type of test, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of the trials in a block). Overall, the results revealed that participants were able to allocate their attention in a fine-grained manner that took into account the trial distribution within the block. However, there was a difference between the effects of allocating attention to item versus order. Divided attention, compared with full attention to one attribute, had an asymmetry, such that divided attention impaired order performance more than item performance. The exact point at which this asymmetry could be seen differed between two experiments, which included different item tests (fragment completion vs. free recall). The results suggest a common resource for item and order encoding and/or retention in working memory, which can be voluntarily allocated to different mixtures of these two attributes.
Now you see it, now you don’t: Relevance of threat enhances social anxiety-linked attentional bias to angry faces, but relevance of neutral information attenuates it

Temporary goals modulate attention to threat. We examined whether attentional bias to angry faces differs depending on whether a temporary background goal is neutral, or threat related, whilst also measuring social anxiety. Participants performed a dot probe task combined with a separate task that induced a temporary goal. Depending on the phase in this goal task, the goal made angry faces or neutral stimuli (i.e., houses) relevant. The dot probe task measured attention to combinations of angry faces, neutral but goal-relevant stimuli (i.e., houses), and neutral control stimuli. Attention was allocated to angry faces when an angry goal was active. This was more pronounced for people scoring high on social phobia. The neutral goal attenuated attention to angry faces and effects of social phobia were no longer apparent. These findings suggest that individual differences in social anxiety interact with current and temporary goals to affect attentional processes.
Integrated CRISPR-Cas9 System-Mediated Knockout of IFN-γ and IFN-γ Receptor 1 in the Vero Cell Line Promotes Viral Susceptibility

The current pandemic and the possible emergence of new viruses urgently require the rapid development of antiviral vaccines and therapeutics. However, some viruses or newly generated variants are difficult to culture in common cell types or exhibit low viral susceptibility in vivo, making it difficult to manufacture viral vector-based vaccines and understand host–virus interactions. To address these issues, we established new cell lines deficient in both type I and type II interferon responses, which are essential for host immunity and interference with virus replication. These cell lines were generated by developing an integrated CRISPR-Cas9 system that simultaneously expresses dual-guide RNA cassettes and Cas9 nuclease in a single plasmid. Using this highly efficient gene-editing system, we successfully established three cell lines starting from IFN-α/β-deficient Vero cells, deleting the single interferon-gamma (IFNG) gene, the IFNG receptor 1 (IFNGR1) gene, or both genes. All cell lines clearly showed a decrease in IFN-γ-responsive antiviral gene expression and cytokine production. Moreover, production of IFN-γ-induced cytokines remained low, even after HSV-1 or HCoV-OC43 infection, while expression of the receptor responsible for viral entry increased. Ultimately, knockout of IFN-signaling genes in these cell lines promoted cytopathic effects and increased apoptosis after viral infection up to three-fold. These results indicate that our integrated CRISPR-Cas9-mediated IFNG- and IFNGR1-knockout cell lines promote virus replication and will be useful in viral studies used to design novel vaccines and therapies.