Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Saddlepoint approximation for the least squares estimator in first-order autoregression

SUMMARY Phillips (1978) extended Daniels' (1956) approximation to the density of a modified correlation coefficient to obtain a saddlepoint approximation to the density of the least squares estimator in the first order noncircular autoregression. The resulting approximation is undefined in a substantial part of the tails. In this note, we establish that a suitable deformation of the contour of integration leads to a different type of saddlepoint approximation defined everywhere on the support of the density. The relative error of this approximation is bounded in the extreme tails.
Multidecadal climate variability in the subtropics/mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere oceans

Observations of multidecadal variability in sea surface temperature (SST), surface air temperatureand winds over the Southern Hemisphere are presented and an ocean general circulationmodel applied towards investigating links between the SST variability and that of the overlyingatmosphere. The results suggest that the dynamical effect of the wind stress anomalies is significantmainly in the neighbourhood of the western boundary currents and their outflows acrossthe mid-latitudes of each Southern Hemisphere basin (more so in the South Indian and SouthAtlantic than in the South Pacific Ocean) and in the equatorial upwelling zones. Over most ofthe subtropics to mid-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere oceans, changes in net surface heatflux (particularly in latent heat) appear to be more important for the SST variability thandynamical effects. Implications of these results for modelling and understanding low frequencyclimate variability in the Southern Hemisphere as well as possible links with mechanisms ofdecadal/interdecadal variability in the Northern Hemisphere are discussed.
The Precessing Jet in 3C 279

A model of a precessing jet obtained from radio data was used to explain the optical light curve of the OVV quasar 3C 279. The geometrical parameters of the model and the bulk motion of the jet were obtained from the position angles, velocities, and epoch of formation of the superluminal features in the radio jet. As a consequence, the model provides the Doppler factor time dependence. This factor reached its maximum value at the epoch in which the very strong and fast optical flare was observed. Therefore, the large increases in the emission at optical wavelengths could be the result of beaming, as the jet approaches its minimum separation to the line of sight. Fast variability observed at these epochs would be naturally explained by the shortening of the timescale in the observer's reference frame due to relativistic effects. The precessing jet model could also explain the variability in the γ-ray emission assuming that the high-energy radiation is produced by the inverse Compton process on external seed photons. The variability would occur when the precessing jet sweeps the broadline region clouds, which would provide the seed photons.
Message Presentation Is of Importance as Well: The Asymmetric Effects of Numeric and Verbal Presentation of Fear Appeal Messages in Promoting Waste Sorting

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of fear appeal messages to promote public engagement with municipal solid waste (MSW) sorting in China using the extended parallel process model (EPPM). By adding information format to the EPPM as guided by the construal-level theory, the study examined whether the interaction effects of threat and efficacy on behavioral intention varied in terms of verbal and numeric information format. The 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment revealed a significant main effect for efficacy. The threat, albeit having no significant main effect itself, moderated the effect of efficacy on behavioral intention. Moreover, the significant three-way interaction effect of threat, efficacy, and information format suggested that individuals who received low-threat and high-efficacy messages in numeric format had the highest intention to perform MSW sorting. Findings from this study imply that how messages are presented is of just as much importance as what to communicate to the public when designing environmental campaigns.
BUSINESS STUDIES ipmi

Topics on business sustainability, environmentally friendly products, and ways to introduce issues have become much in demand by various levels of society. This research aims to see the effect of green products in in�luencing sustainability business through green marketing, where green marketing acts as a moderating variable. The method research is multivariate data analysis model analysis, including factor analysis and Partial Least Square (PLS), which sample from 350 restaurants in Badung with the criteria of environmentally friendly restaurants. The results show that green marketing does not moderate green products towards sustainability business. The study was conducted during the recovery period of the COVID-19 pandemic. This result represents the condition of restaurants in Badung, which is affected by the pandemic.
Study on Flavonoids and Bioactivity Features of Pericarp of Citrus reticulata “Chachi” at Different Harvest Periods

Dry mature pericarp of Citrus reticulata “Chachi” (PCR), Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Chachiensis, is a traditional Chinese medicine that displays characteristics of different usage at different harvest times in clinical use. The corresponding changes in the bioactive components in PCR from different harvest times remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, broadly targeted metabolomics technology was used to compare the differences in bioactive components among pericarps of PCR, which are the raw material of PCR at different growth stages. In the results, 210 kinds of flavonoid metabolites were detected. The content of hesperidin in red PCR harvested in December was higher than that in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (CRPV) and reddish PCR harvested from July to November. Furthermore, the content of nobiletin, tangeretin, and 3,3′,4′,5,6,7,8-heptamethoxyflavone in CRPV from July to September was higher than that in the PCR harvested at other times. In addition, the result of cluster analysis and PCA showed that CRPV harvested from July to September had an obvious grouping pattern with the reddish PCR and the red PCR harvested from October to December. Differential metabolites in six comparison groups (A1 vs. A6, A1 vs. A2, A2 vs. A3, A3 vs. A4, A4 vs. A5, A5 vs. A6) were 67, 48, 14, 51, 42, and 40, respectively. The common differential metabolite of four comparison groups was 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavone (A1 vs. A2, A2 vs. A3, A3 vs. A4, A4 vs. A5). All the flavonoid differential metabolites screened were enriched in 16 metabolic pathways. Moreover, the results of the evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity indicated that CRPV in August was a suitable raw material for the production of antioxidants. Through molecular docking, the content of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 components in the PCR in October was higher than that in the PCR in other periods. These results further proved that PCR at different harvest times was endowed with different efficacy and usage due to the difference in the accumulation of bioactive components.
On the Global Variation of Precipitating Layer Clouds

Abstract The aim of the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Cloud System Study (GCSS) is to promote the description and understanding of key cloud system processes, with the aim of developing and improving the representation of cloud processes in general circulation models. The GCSS Science Panel identified a need to document important observational gaps in the structure of cloud systems inhibiting the development of cloud-resolving models as a tool for parameterizing cloud systems in general circulation models. The nature of precipitating layer clouds around the world is not well documented. To better quantify this, a synthesis of observations of these types of clouds made during field experiments conducted around the world has been developed. The synthesis draws on observations made in Australia, Canada, China, Israel, Japan, Russia, the Ukraine, the United States, and several European countries. The survey examines the global variation of the horizontal scales of cloud and precipitation, embedded .
Entropy estimators‐improvements and comparisons

The problem of the entropy estimation is discussed. Modifications of the well‐known Vasicek's estimator and Correa's estimator are considered. An extensive simulation study for the comparison of all estimators under study is performed. It appears that the new estimators based on the bias correction and Jackknife behave better than the traditional ones.
Confinement Effect of Primary Plasma on Glass Sample Induced by Irradiation of Nd-YAG Laser at Low Pressure

The characteristics of the laser plasma which was induced by focusing a Q-sw Nd:YAG laser pulse repeatedly at a fixed position on a glass sample were examined under the reduced pressure of approximately 2 Torr. It was observed that at the initial irradiation the secondary plasma could not be generated when the pulse energy was set below around 30 mJ, while the primary plasma was produced distinctly. However, after several shots of irradiation the secondary plasma was suddenly generated and this generation continued with an almost constant emission intensity. This fact can be interpreted on the basis of the confinement effect due to the wall of the crater produced by the pre-irradiation, which is solely responsible for the generation of the shock wave. This fact provides strong support for the shock wave model previously proposed by us to explain the mechanism of secondary plasma formation.
Selective Separation and Adsorption of Bovine Serum Albumin and Ovalbumin by Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction (MSPE) Using Poly(Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride) Modified Cobalt Ferrite Filled Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as the Adsorbent

Abstract A novel poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) surface modified magnetic cobalt ferrite-filled multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CoFe2O4@MWCNTs-PDDA) composite is reported. The CoFe2O4@MWCNTs-PDDA was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, and vibrating sample magnetometry and used for the selective adsorption of acidic proteins. The presence of MWCNTs served as a protective layer, which improved the stability of the magnetic composite, and also enlarged the surface area from 67 m2·g−1 to 186 m2·g−1, which provided a substrate with larger specific surface area for PDDA wrapping and enhanced the selectivity and adsorption capacity for acidic proteins. The adsorption capacity of CoFe2O4@MWCNTs-PDDA was 378.1 mg·g−1 for bovine serum albumin and 363.4 mg·g−1 for ovalbumin, an increase of approximately 20-fold, 3-fold, and 4-fold compared to CoFe2O4, CoFe2O4@PDDA and CoFe2O4@MWCNTs, respectively. The practical application of the CoFe2O4@MWCNTs-PDDA was demonstrated by processing whole blood samples for the extraction of acidic proteins. Satisfactory results were obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
DNA Methylation Variation Is a Possible Mechanism in the Response of Haemaphysalis longicornis to Low-Temperature Stress

Ticks are notorious ectoparasites and transmit the greatest variety of pathogens than any other arthropods. Cold tolerance is a key determinant of tick abundance and distribution. While studies have shown that DNA methylation is one of the important epigenetic regulations found across many species and plays a significant role in their response to low-temperature stress, its role in the response of ticks to low-temperature stress remains unexplored. Herein, we explored the DNA methylation profile of the tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, exposed to low-temperature stress (4 °C) using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). We found that approximately 0.95% and 0.94% of the genomic C sites were methylated in the control and low-temperature groups, respectively. Moreover, the methylation level under the CG context was about 3.86% and 3.85% in the control and low-temperature groups, respectively. In addition, a total of 6087 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified between the low-temperature and control groups, including 3288 hypermethylated and 2799 hypomethylated DMRs. Further, Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of differentially methylated genes revealed that most of the DMGs were significantly enriched in binding and RNA transport pathways. Taken together, this research confirmed, for the first time, the whole genome DNA methylation profile of H. longicornis and provided new insights into the DNA methylation changes relating to low-temperature stress in H. longicornis, as well as provided a foundation for future studies on the epigenetic mechanism underlying the responses of ticks to abiotic stress.
Biosimilars in Oncology: Latest Trends and Regulatory Status

Biologic-based medicines are used to treat a variety of diseases and account for around one-quarter of the worldwide pharmaceutical market. The use of biologic medications among cancer patients has resulted in substantial advancements in cancer treatment and supportive care. Biosimilar medications (or biosimilars) are very similar to the reference biologic drugs, although they are not identical. As patent protection for some of the most extensively used biologics begins to expire, biosimilars have the potential to enhance access and provide lower-cost options for cancer treatment. Initially, regulatory guidelines were set up in Europe in 2003, and the first biosimilar was approved in 2006 in Europe. Many countries, including the United States of America (USA), Canada, and Japan, have adopted Europe’s worldwide regulatory framework. The use of numerous biosimilars in the treatment and supportive care of cancer has been approved and, indeed, the count is set to climb in the future around the world. However, there are many challenges associated with biosimilars, such as cost, immunogenicity, lack of awareness, extrapolation of indications, and interchangeability. The purpose of this review is to provide an insight into biosimilars, which include various options available for oncology, and the associated adverse events. We compare the regulatory guidelines for biosimilars across the world, and also present the latest trends and challenges in medical oncology both now and in the future, which will assist healthcare professionals, payers, and patients in making informed decisions, increasing the acceptance of biosimilars in clinical practice, increasing accessibility, and speeding up the health and economic benefits associated with biosimilars.
Association of Vitamin C Treatment with Clinical Outcomes for COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that serves as an antioxidant and is known to reduce the inflammatory response associated with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but its clinical effects remain controversial. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of vitamin C administration on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Results: Nineteen studies were selected, of which 949 participants administered vitamin C were in the intervention group, and 1816 participants were in the control group. All-cause mortality, hospitalization duration, length of intensive care unit stay, and ventilation incidence in COVID-19 patients were analyzed. The intervention group tends to have a lower risk ratio (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.07; I2 = 58%; Q = 40.95; p < 0.01) in all-cause mortality than the control group. However, there were no significant differences in ventilation incidence, hospitalization duration, and length of ICU stay between the two groups. In the subgroup analysis for all-cause mortality, the risk ratio for RCT as study design, combination therapy, of vitamin C was lower than that of the combination therapy with other agents. A moderate dosage showed a lower RR than a higher dose. Conclusion: The results suggest that vitamin C may lower mortality in COVID-19 patients, but further large-scale studies are required to assess the role of vitamin C in the treatment of COVID-19.
ON THE CHOICE OF COUPLING PARAMETER IN THE TIME DOMAIN BURTON―MILLER FORMULATION

A Burton–Miller-type integral equation for time domain exterior acoustic radiation and scattering problems is considered as a way of overcoming the well-known stability problems associated with collocation-based time domain boundary element methods. The stability of the method is considered and justified using an argument based on the associated frequency domain integral equation. This allows for the justification of a choice of coupling coefficient that is in some sense optimal for the time domain formulation for acoustic radiation and scattering by spheres. Finally, computational results are given in support of these observations and the impact of choosing the optimal parameter in the computations is discussed. Results for non-spherical bodies are also considered to see whether the results may be more widely applicable.
Fast optical switching by a laser-manipulated microdroplet of liquid crystal

We demonstrate the feasibility of an all-optical liquid-crystal (LC) switch with submillisecond switching time. This switch is realized by optical manipulation of a three-dimensionally trapped microscopic nematic LC droplet using an “optical tweezers. ” Transmission of a polarizer/LC droplet/analyzer system can be modulated at frequencies as high as 103 Hz, a faster response than that of a nematic LC demonstrated so far. The response corresponds to a submillisecond switching time when the LC droplet is rotated by an angle of π/4. The alignment of the LC droplet to the plane of the incident plane-polarized beam is also demonstrated.
A Study of Clinical Characteristics, Demographic Characteristics, and Fetomaternal Outcomes in Cases of Placenta Previa: An Experience of a Tertiary Care Center

Background This study aimed to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of pregnant women presenting with placenta previa and study the risk factors for the development of placenta previa, management strategies of associated complications, and maternal and perinatal outcomes. Methodology This prospective, observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Dr. S.N. Medical College, Umaid Hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India from May to October 2019. All patients with placenta previa were studied based on clinical presentation, management, and fetal and maternal outcomes. Results A total of 10,041 patients delivered during the study period. Of these, 61 were diagnosed with either minor placenta previa (placental edge within 2 cm, not covering the internal os) or major placenta previa (placental edge reaching or overlapping the internal os) for an incidence of 0.6%. The majority of the cases (65.57%) were in the age group of 20-29 years. Among the cases of placenta previa, 13.11% had previous cesarean sections, and 9.83% underwent previous dilatation and curettage (D & C) procedures. Moreover, 78.68% of the cases had ultrasound findings of the placenta partially or completely covering the os. Most patients were delivered by cesarean section (96.7%), and only 3.27% were delivered by vaginal delivery. Intensive care unit admission was required in 14.75% of the cases. The most common maternal complications observed were antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, transfusion of blood and blood products, and long hospital stays. The preterm delivery rate was 62.30%, and 37.70% were term deliveries. Almost half of the babies (49.18%) were born with a birth weight of ≥2.5 kg, and 50.81% were in the low-birth-weight category. Apgar scores >7 at five minutes were observed in 85.3% of cases. Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions were 39.34%, and most babies recovered and shifted to the mother’s side. The incidence of maternal mortality was 1.63%, and perinatal mortality was 9.83%. Conclusions The incidence of placenta previa was comparable to that reported in previous studies. Prevalence was more among younger women residing in rural areas who were unaware of regular antenatal check-ups. The main presenting symptom was painless vaginal bleeding, and ultrasonography was the most common diagnostic modality. Antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage was the most dreadful obstetric complications in cases of placenta previa, which affected maternal and fetal outcomes. Preterm and low birth weight were the main reason for NICU admissions. A team-based approach is required in the management of placenta previa cases.
Howson and Franklin on Prediction

Evidence for a hypothesis typically confirms the hypothesis more if the evidence was predicted than if it was accommodated. Or so I argued in previous papers, where I also developed an analysis of why this should be so. But this was all a mistake if Howson and Franklin (1991) are to be believed. In this paper, I show why they are not to be believed. I also identify a grain of truth that may have been dimly grasped by those Bayesians who deny the confirmatory value of prediction.
THE BROKER: COGNITIVE PROWESS FOR BUSINESS START-UP PERFORMANCE

Purpose: Many methodological and empirical perspectives on the broker between entrepreneurship education and business start-up performance have been prescribed and implemented. However, limited empirical evidence exists on applying cognitive characteristics as a mediator. Hence, this study focused on the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) members in Lagos State. Design/methodology/approach: The cross-sectional survey research design was used, and data were obtained from 406 graduate entrepreneurs at the National Youth Service Camp (NYSC) before registering with SAED-BOI (Bank of Industry), Lagos State 2021 NYSC 21A, and Stream 1 Batch. The total enumeration technique was applied after the sample filtration criteria were established. Findings: Hierarchical regression analysis results using an SPSS add-on called process analysis found cognitive characteristics significantly mediated the relationship between entrepreneurship education and business start-up performance in Lagos State Nigeria. Research, Practical & Social implications: The broker (cognitive prowess), is required if entrepreneurship education and business start-up performance must survive, expand, and flourish in different sectors. Originality/value: The findings is paramount to the trade industry (start-up ecosystem) and education sector as it would serve as a reliable source of information on the necessary and effective entrepreneurship education mix required to boost business start-up performance.
Nahdlatul Ulama’s Fox Elite Fox Dei in Contemporary Indonesia: An Aborted Baby of Deliberative Democracy?

As a major mass Islamic organization, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) has been influential both in culture and politics in Indonesia. In consonance with the decline of democratic politics across the globe, NU internal organization experiences the practice of deliberative democracy with elite deliberation or fox elite fox Dei as its procedure of electing its top leader/Spiritual Leader or Rais Am. Two practices were done at the two NU National Congresses (Muktamar) in 1984 and 2015. This procedure is called Ahlul Hall Wal Aqd (AHWA), as one of the legacies of Muslim civilization. The paper makes an account of this elite deliberation to explore how effective the practice was in developing better practices of democracy. The research is qualitative, along with the perspective of the theory of deliberative democracy. It is our result that the practice of fox elite fox Dei has not been satisfactory in terms of some defects in implementing the rule of the game. NU’s culture of deliberation under the methods of halaqah and Bah-tsul Masaail has been promising, but NU’s elites have not been prepared to harvest it to improve the application of the AHWA procedure.