Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Surgical Mask on Heart Rate, Muscle Saturation of Oxygen, and Hemoglobin during Whole-Body Vibration Exercise

Background Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a safe and effective exercise system that affects muscle oxygen through several physiological processes, although its effects on different protocols are still unclear. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic has generated various health problems and controversy or confusion on its possible adverse consequences and impact on performance when wearing a mask during the practice of physical exercise. Aim To analyze the acute effects of WBV exercise in muscle oxygen variables during different intervention phases with or without a surgical mask and compare protocols that differ in the order of vibration frequencies. Methods Forty-seven healthy students participated in WBV training. They were randomly assigned to use or not use a mask between the three intervention groups: group A (8, 12.6, and 20 Hz), group B (12.6, 20, and 8 Hz), and group C (20, 8, and 12.6 Hz). Besides the 3 WBV moments, the intervention had a baseline moment, two rest time and a recovery moment. During the whole intervention, the heart rate (HR), muscle oxygen saturation (SatO2), oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb), and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) were registered. Results There were no significant differences between the mask use and not use groups. Significant differences were found between the variables during the seven intervention moments and between intervention groups (A, B, or C). Conclusion HR, SatO2, and Hb were not influenced by the use of a surgical mask, but they reacted differently through the different moments and were sensitive to vibration frequencies and respective order.
Motivic Hodge modules

We construct a quasi-categorically enhanced Grothendieck six-functor formalism on schemes of finite type over the complex numbers. In addition to satisfying many of the same properties as M. Saito's derived categories of mixed Hodge modules, this new six-functor formalism receives canonical motivic realization functors compatible with Grothendieck's six functors on constructible objects.
A Study of Hollow Cathode Discharge Characteristics

The operation and performance of small-orifice hollow cathodes for use in electron bombardment ion thrusters is described. Using mercury propellant, vaporized either in a small boiler or by a heated porous plug, cathodes have been operated in both a simple test facility and in an ion thruster. Voltage-current characteristics were obtained by a novel rapid-scan technique, and the dependence of these on parameters such as vapor flow rate and temperature has been studied. An examination of such characteristics has enabled a qualitative theory of the cathode discharge to be proposed, which is consistent with the observed behavior. Cathodes have been operated for periods exceeding 1000 hr without any apparent deterioration of performance.
The Effects of White Noise on Attentional Performance and On-Task Behaviors in Preschoolers with ADHD

Several models have tentatively associated improving attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms with arousal and external environmental stimulation. In order to further clarify the relationships between ADHD symptoms, arousal, and external stimulation, this study focused on exploring the “simultaneous” effects of white noise on intrinsic attentional performance and extrinsic on-task behaviors in preschoolers with and without ADHD. By using the computerized task (K-CPT 2), 104 preschoolers, including 52 ADHD children and 52 typically developing (TD) children, were tested and analyzed for their intrinsic attention (such as detectability, omission errors, commission errors, and reaction time). Simultaneously, these preschoolers’ external on-task behaviors were recorded for analysis through systematic observation. This study showed that white noise could effectively improve attention performance, including enhancing the ability to differentiate non-targets from targets and decreasing omission errors. It could also reduce the extrinsic hyperactive behaviors of preschoolers with ADHD. The findings of this study highlighted that white noise stimulation is a beneficial non-pharmacological treatment for preschoolers with ADHD. In contrast, for TD preschoolers, the results of this study showed that the external white noise stimuli were not only unhelpful but also a burden.
Development of Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Omega-3-Rich Extract of Microalga Nannochlorpsis gaditana

Microalgae are described as a new source of a wide range of bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties, such as omega-3 lipids. This biomass product is gaining attention mainly due to its potential to accumulate different compounds depending on the species and environment, and it has been commonly recognized as a valuable nutraceutical alternative to fish and krill oils. In this work, we obtained the extract of the microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana, selected on the basis of its content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and glycolipids, which were determined using GC-MS and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. To develop an oral formulation for the delivery of the extract, we used a 23 factorial design approach to obtain an optimal lipid nanoparticle formulation. The surfactant and solid lipid content were set as the independent variables, while the particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were taken as the dependent variables of the design. To ensure the potential use of the optimum LN formulation to protect and modify the release of the loaded microalga extract, rheological and differential scanning calorimetry analyses were carried out. The developed formulations were found to be stable over 30 days, with an encapsulation efficiency over 60%.
Digital Soil Texture Mapping and Spatial Transferability of Machine Learning Models Using Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Terrain-Derived Covariates

Soil texture is an important property that controls the mobility of the water and nutrients in soil. This study examined the capability of machine learning (ML) models in estimating soil texture fractions using different combinations of remotely sensed data from Sentinel-1 (S1), Sentinel-2 (S2), and terrain-derived covariates (TDC) across two contrasting agroecological regions in Southwest Germany, Kraichgau and the Swabian Alb. Importantly, we tested the predictive power of three different ML models: the random forest (RF), the support vector machine (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) coupled with the remote sensing data covariates. As expected, ML model performance was not consistent regarding the input covariates, soil texture fractions, and study regions. For example, in the Swabian Alb, the SVM model performed the best for the sand content with S2 + TDC (RMSE = 3.63%, R2 = 0.42), and XGB best predicted the clay content with S1 + S2 + TDC (RMSE = 6.84%, R2 = 0.64). In Kraichgau, the best models for sand (RMSE = 7.54%, R2 = 0.79) and clay contents (RMSE = 6.14%, R2 = 0.48) were obtained using XGB and SVM, respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that TDC were critical in estimating soil texture fractions, especially in Kraichgau, which indicated that topography plays an important role in defining the spatial distribution of soil properties. In contrast, the contribution of remote sensing data better predicted the silt and clay content in the Swabian Alb. The transferability of a region-specific model to the other region was low as indicated by poor predictive performance. The resulting soil-texture-fraction maps could be a significant source of information for efficient land resource management and environmental monitoring. Nonetheless, further research to evaluate the added value of the Sentinel imagery and to better analyze the spatial transferability of machine learning models is highly recommended.
Hodge type theorems for arithmetic manifolds associated to orthogonal groups

We show that special cycles generate a large part of the cohomology of locally symmetric spaces associated to orthogonal groups. We prove in particular that classes of totally geodesic submanifolds generate the cohomology groups of degree $n$ of compact congruence $p$-dimensional hyperbolic manifolds "of simple type" as long as $n$ is strictly smaller than $\frac{p}{3}$. We also prove that for connected Shimura varieties associated to $\OO (p,2)$ the Hodge conjecture is true for classes of degree $< \frac{p+1}{3}$. The proof of our general theorem makes use of the recent endoscopic classification of automorphic representations of orthogonal groups by \cite{ArthurBook}. As such our results are conditional on the hypothesis made in this book, whose proofs have only appear on preprint form so far; see the second paragraph of subsection \ref{org2} below.
The Evolution of Tropospheric Temperature Field and its Relationship with the Onset of Asian Summer Monsoon

The mean state and year-to-year variations of the tropospheric temperature fields are analyzed in light of their relationship with the establishment of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), and the Indian monsoon (INM). Primary data for the analysis include the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) reanalysis from 1982 to 1996 and the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA) from 1979 to 1993. The analysis reveals that, in most of the analyzed years, the meridional temperature gradient in the upper troposphere reverses at, or before the onset time of the summer monsoon in both the EASM region and the INM region. On the average, the reversal time of the meridional temperature gradient in the EASM region (INM region) is concurrent with (one pentad earlier than) the onset time of the summer monsoon. A budget analysis shows that the strong horizontal warm advection and the diabatic heating are the main contributors to the upper tropospheric warming against the strong adiabatic cooling during the pre-onset period over the EASM region. Over the INM region, however, strong adiabatic heating due to subsidence is the major warming process against diabatic cooling, and the strong horizontal cold advection related to the persistent northwestlies to the southwestern periphery of the Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the seasonal shift of the South Asian High in the upper troposphere, and the establishment of the EASM and the INM are closely related to the seasonal warming, which results in the reversal of the meridional temperature gradient in the upper troposphere over the two monsoon regions.
Solutions to a two-dimensional, Neumann free boundary problem

ABSTRACT We explore regularity properties of solutions to a two-phase elliptic free boundary problem near a Neumann fixed boundary in two dimensions. Consider a function u, which is harmonic where it is not zero and satisfies a gradient jump condition weakly along the free boundary. Our main result is that u is Lipschitz continuous up to the Neumann fixed boundary. We also present a numerical exploration of the way in which the free and fixed boundaries interact.
Differential Gene Expression of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue among Lean, Obese, and after RYGB (Different Timepoints): Systematic Review and Analysis

The main roles of adipose tissue include triglycerides storage and adipokine secretion, which regulate energy balance and inflammation status. In obesity, adipocyte dysfunction leads to proinflammatory cytokine production and insulin resistance. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity, the gold-standard technique being Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Since metabolic improvements after RYGB are clear, a better understanding of adipose tissue molecular modifications could be derived from this study. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to find differentially expressed genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue of lean, obese and post-RYGB (distinct timepoints). To address this objective, publications from 2015–2022 reporting gene expression (candidate genes or transcriptomic approach) of subcutaneous adipose tissue from lean and obese individuals before and after RGYB were searched in PubMed, Elsevier, and Springer Link. Excluded publications were reviews, studies analyzing serum, other types of tissues, or bariatric procedures. A risk-of-bias summary was created for each paper using Robvis, to finally include 17 studies. Differentially expressed genes in post-RYGB vs. obese and lean vs. obese were obtained and the intersection among these groups was used for analysis and gene classification by metabolic pathway. Results showed that the lean state as well as the post-RYGB is similar in terms of increased expression of insulin-sensitizing molecules, inducing lipogenesis over lipolysis and downregulating leukocyte activation, cytokine production and other factors that promote inflammation. Thus, massive weight loss and metabolic improvements after RYGB are accompanied by gene expression modifications reverting the “adipocyte dysfunction” phenomenon observed in obesity conditions.
A multi‐stage stochastic programming approach for network capacity expansion with multiple sources of capacity

In networks, there are often more than one sources of capacity. The capacities can be permanently or temporarily owned by the decision maker. Depending on the nature of sources, we identify the permanent capacity, spot market capacity, and contract capacity. We use a scenario tree to model the uncertainty, and build a multi‐stage stochastic integer program that can incorporate multiple sources and multiple types of capacities in a general network. We propose two solution methodologies for the problem. Firstly, we design an asymptotically convergent approximation algorithm. Secondly, we design a cutting plane algorithm based on Benders decomposition to find tight bounds for the problem. The numerical experiments show superb performance of the proposed algorithms compared with commercial software. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 600–614, 2017
On the measurement precision of solar p-mode eigenfrequencies

We make use of 3456 d of observations of the low-l p-mode oscillations of the Sun in order to study the evolution over time of the measurement precision of the radial eigenfrequencies. These data were collected by the ground-based Birmingham Solar-Oscillations Network (BiSON) between 1991 January and 2000 June. When the power spectrum of the complete time series is fitted. the analysis yields frequency uncertainties that are close to those expected from the returned coherence times of the modes. The slightly elevated levels compared with the prediction appear to be consistent with a degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio in the spectrum that is the result of the influence of the window function of the observations (duty cycle 71 per cent). The fractional frequency precision reaches levels of a several parts in 10(6) for many of the modes. The corresponding errors reported from observations made by the GOLF instrument on board the ESA/NASA SOHO satellite, when extrapolated to the length of the BiSON data set, are shown to be (on average) about similar to25 per cent smaller than their BiSON counterparts owing to the uninterrupted nature of the data from which they were derived. An analysis of the BiSON data in contiguous segments of different lengths, T, demonstrates that the frequency uncertainties scale as T-1/2. This is to be expected in the regime where the coherence (life) times of the modes, tau(nl), are smaller than the observing time T (the 'oversampled' regime). We show that mode detections are only now beginning to encroach on the 'undersampled' regime (where T < τ(nl)).
Jimm, a Fundamental Involution

We study the involution of the real line induced by the outer automorphism of the extended modular group PGL(2,Z). This `modular' involution is discontinuous at rationals but satisfies a surprising collection of functional equations. It preserves the set of real quadratic irrationalities mapping them in a highly non-obvious way to each other. It commutes with the Galois action on real quadratic irrationals. More generally, it preserves set-wise the orbits of the modular group, thereby inducing an involution of the moduli space of real rank-two lattices. It induces a duality of Beatty partitions of the set of positive integers. This involution conjugates (though not topologically) the Gauss' continued fraction map to an intermittent dynamical system on the unit interval with an infinite invariant measure. The transfer operator (resp. the functional equation) naturally associated to this dynamical system is closely related to the Mayer transfer operator (resp. the Lewis' functional equation). We give a description of this involution as the boundary action of a certain automorphism of the infinite trivalent tree. We prove that its derivative exists and vanishes almost everywhere. It is conjectured that algebraic numbers of degree at least three are mapped to transcendental numbers under this involution.
The bundle Laplacian on discrete tori

We prove an asymptotic formula for the determinant of the bundle Laplacian on discrete $d$-dimensional tori as the number of vertices tends to infinity. This determinant has a combinatorial interpretation in terms of cycle-rooted spanning forests. We also establish a relation (in the limit) between the spectral zeta function of a line bundle over a discrete torus, the spectral zeta function of the infinite graph $\mathbb{Z}^d$ and the Epstein-Hurwitz zeta function. The latter can be viewed as the spectral zeta function of the twisted continuous torus which is the limit of the sequence of discrete tori.
Multiple equilbrium profiles for nonisothermal tubular reactor nonlinear models

The multiplicity of the equilibrium profiles is analyzed for axial dispersion nonisothermal tubular reactors described by Arrhenius type nonlinear models. It is reported that there is at least one steady state among the physically feasible states for such models. Moreover physically meaninful conditions which ensure the multiplicity of equilibrium profiles are given.
Automorphisms of graph products of groups from a geometric perspective

This article studies the structure of the automorphism groups of general graph products of groups. We give a complete characterisation of the automorphisms that preserve the set of conjugacy classes of vertex groups for arbitrary graph products. Under mild conditions on the underlying graph, this allows us to provide a simple set of generators for the automorphism groups of graph products of arbitrary groups. We also obtain information about the geometry of the automorphism groups of such graph products: lack of property (T) and acylindrical hyperbolicity.
Knot Fertility and Lineage

In this paper, we introduce a new type of relation between knots called the descendant relation. One knot $H$ is a descendant of another knot $K$ if $H$ can be obtained from a minimal crossing diagram of $K$ by some number of crossing changes. We explore properties of the descendant relation and study how certain knots are related, paying particular attention to those knots, called fertile knots, that have a large number of descendants. Furthermore, we provide computational data related to various notions of knot fertility and propose several open questions for future exploration.
Lifting of recollements and gluing of partial silting sets

This paper focuses on recollements and silting theory in triangulated categories. It consists of two main parts. In the first part a criterion for a recollement of triangulated subcategories to lift to a torsion torsion-free triple (TTF triple) of ambient triangulated categories with coproducts is proved. As a consequence, lifting of TTF triples is possible for recollements of stable categories of repetitive algebras or self-injective finite length algebras and recollements of bounded derived categories of separated Noetherian schemes. When, in addition, the outer subcategories in the recollement are derived categories of small linear categories the conditions from the criterion are sufficient to lift the recollement to a recollement of ambient triangulated categories up to equivalence. In the second part we use these results to study the problem of constructing silting sets in the central category of a recollement generating the t-structure glued from the silting t-structures in the outer categories. In the case of a recollement of bounded derived categories of Artin algebras we provide an explicit construction for gluing classical silting objects.
Embedded Gaussian unitary ensembles with U(Ω)⊗SU(r) embedding generated by random two-body interactions with SU(r) symmetry

Following the earlier studies on embedded unitary ensembles generated by random two-body interactions [EGUE(2)] with spin SU(2) and spin-isospin SU(4) symmetries, developed is a general formulation, for deriving lower order moments of the one- and two-point correlation functions in eigenvalues, that is valid for any EGUE(2) and BEGUE(2) (“B” stands for bosons) with U(Ω)⊗SU(r) embedding and with two-body interactions preserving SU(r) symmetry. Using this formulation with r = 1, we recover the results derived by Asaga et al. [Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 297, 344 (2002)]10.1006/aphy.2002. 6248 for spinless boson systems. Going further, new results are obtained for r = 2 (this corresponds to two species boson systems) and r = 3 (this corresponds to spin 1 boson systems).
Design, Fabrication and Measurement of Full-Color Reflective Electrowetting Displays

We designed, fabricated and measured full-color, reflective electrowetting displays (EWDs). The display system is composed of three-layer cyan, magenta and yellow EWD elements fabricated with standard photolithographic techniques. The EWDs were driven successfully by the proposed control system and the measurement results show that the electro-optical performance was improved. The aperture ratio of the EWD element can be tuned from 0 to ∼80% as the applied voltage is changed from 0 to 30 V. The response time and the color gamut were measured to be ∼18 ms and ∼58% NTSC, respectively. This paper makes it possible for large numbers of reflective full-color EWDs to be fabricated directly, with advantages of saving power significantly by 85% and no eye irritation compared with LED displays.
Sets of Minimal Capacity and Extremal Domains

Let f be a function meromorphic in a neighborhood of infinity. The central problem in the present investigation is to find the largest domain D \subset C to which the function f can be extended in a meromorphic and singlevalued manner. 'Large' means here that the complement C\D is minimal with respect to (logarithmic) capacity. Such extremal domains play an important role in Pad'e approximation. In the paper a unique existence theorem for extremal domains and their complementary sets of minimal capacity is proved. The topological structure of sets of minimal capacity is studied, and analytic tools for their characterization are presented; most notable are here quadratic differentials and a specific symmetry property of the Green function in the extremal domain. A local condition for the minimality of the capacity is formulated and studied. Geometric estimates for sets of minimal capacity are given. Basic ideas are illustrated by several concrete examples, which are also used in a discussion of the principal differences between the extremality problem under investigation and some classical problems from geometric function theory that possess many similarities, which for instance is the case for Chebotarev's Problem.