Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors that predict mortality of jejunoileal atresia in neonates in Baghdad2010-2012

Background : Jejunoileal atresia and stenosis are the most common congenital anomalies of the small intestine and are a major cause of intestinal obstruction in neonates. Late intrauterine mesenteric vascular occlusions is the most accepted hypothesis as an etiology of jejunoilealatresia . Objective : To describe the mortality rate of 64 patients with intestinal atresia between October 2010 and September 2012 and submitting initial scoring system of 50 points based on the estimated risk scores and P.value of each risk factors. Methods :A prospective study of mortality rate in jejunoileal atresia according to the patients' parameters (prenatal diagnosis, prematurity , birth weight , age and severity of presentation , associated anomalies ,anatomic location and type of atresias,surgical techniques, early postoperative complications and re-interventions) . Results : There were 64patients with jejunoileal atresia (35 male). Prenatal diagnosis was established in 5 patients (8%). The mean birth weight was 2.6 kg and higher mortality rate with lower birth weight. The mean gestational age was 37 weeks and 20% of the patients were premature. Thirty seven patients were presented to medical services in the first three days of life with lowest mortality rate, patients who were presented later had rate of death of 27%-60%. Sepsis and/or pneumonia were found in (22%) of patients clinically diagnosed with mortality rate (43%). Seventeen patients (26.5%) had different associated anomalies with related mortality of (53%). The highest mortality was related to high jejunal atresia (50% ). Apple-peel & multiple atresias variants of jejunoileal atresia had the highest rates of mortality, 75% &43% respectively. The mortality rate of the 40 patients with end to obligue anastomosis with plication of proximal atretic dilated segment was 12.5%, while it was 58 % to that without plication of proximal atretic dilated segment. Nineteen patients (29.5%) were presented with early postoperative complications. Anastomotic complications (leak & non–functioning anastomosis ) & short bowel syndrome were the major contributor to the related mortality rate (58%) . A surgical re-exploration was done in nine patients with high mortality rate (55.5%). The overall mortality was 16/64 patients (25%). Estimated risk scores and P.values for each factors were obtained. Scoring system of 50 points was developed according to these above values . Conclusion: The overall mortality rate in the current study was 25%. The higher mortality rate was associated with those who had major risk factors compared to the lowest mortality rate of those with minor or no risk factors. According to estimated risk scores and P.values, cumulative scoring system was submitted . Late presentation,late diagnosis, absence of well trained neonatal intensive care personnel and unavailability parenteral nutritional support were the major problems that contributed to this high death rate .
Antigen Receptor Repertoire Restriction Hypersensitivity: A Novel Mechanism for Syndrome Causes Coding Flank A RAG1 Mutation Found in Omenn

Hypomorphic RAG mutants with severely reduced V(D)J recombination activity cause Omenn Syndrome (OS), an immunodeﬁciency with features of immune dysregulation and a restricted TCR repertoire. Precisely how RAG mutants produce autoimmune and allergic symptoms has been unclear. Current models posit that the severe recombination defect restricts the number of lymphocyte clones, a few of which are selected upon Ag exposure. We show that murine RAG1 R972Q, corresponding to an OS mutation, renders the recombinase hypersensitive to selected coding sequences at the hairpin formation step. Other RAG1 OS mutants tested do not manifest this sequence sensitivity. These new data support a novel mechanism for OS: by selectively impairing recombination at certain coding ﬂanks, a RAG mutant can cause primary repertoire restriction, as opposed to a more random, limited repertoire that develops secondary to severely diminished recombination activity. The Journal of Immunology, 2008, 181: 4124–4130.
FREQUENCY AND DETECTION OF RISK FACTORS OF URINARY BLADDER TUMOR IN RURAL POPULATION OF SINDH PROVINCE

: OBJECTIVE: To identify frequency and detection of risk factors of urinary bladder tumor in rural population of Sindh province. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective/Analytical study was conducted in the department of urology, Liaquat university hospital, Jamshoro/Hyderabad & Department of Nuclear Institute of Medicine & Radiotherapy (NIMRA) Jamshoro were included in this study and included all admitted patients with diagnosed bladder cancer. The data was analyzed in SPSS and frequencies, percentages and mean ±SD was computed. RESULTS: Mean (±SD) age was 56.60 ± 12.50 years with M:F = 2:1. Smoking was the main risk factor found in 183 (50.4%)cases followed by Naas 37 (10.2%) cases, Naswar 29 (8.0%), Menpuri 7 (1.9%) and Betal nuts 4 (1.1%) respectively. Muscle invasive tumors was found in 268 (73.8%) cases as compare to non-muscle invasive 95 (26.2%) cases. Transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) seen in 347 (95.6%) cases, squamous-cell carcinoma and others were found in 10 (2.8%) and 6 (1.7%) cases respectively. CONCLUSION: In this study smoking and muscle invasive tumors was dominant. Frequency Detection of of in
Increasing Robustness in the Detection of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease

This paper focuses on detecting freezing of gait in Parkinson’s patients using body-worn accelerometers. In this study, we analyzed the robustness of four feature sets, two of which are new features adapted from speech processing: mel frequency cepstral coefficients and quality assessment metrics. For classification based on these features, we compared random forest, multilayer perceptron, hidden Markov models, and deep neural networks. These algorithms were evaluated using a leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) cross validation to match the situation where a system is being constructed for patients for whom there is no training data. This evaluation was performed using the Daphnet dataset, which includes recordings from ten patients using three accelerometers situated on the ankle, knee, and lower back. We obtained a reduction from 17.3% to 12.5% of the equal error rate compared to the previous best results using this dataset and LOSO testing. For high levels of sensitivity (such as 0.95), the specificity increased from 0.63 to 0.75. The biggest improvement across all of the feature sets and algorithms tested in this study was obtained by integrating information from longer periods of time in a deep neural network with convolutional layers.
EARLY DETECTION OF CERVICAL CANCER BASED ON HPV INFECTION IN PAP SMEAR USING MORPHOLOGICAL METHOD

: In developing countries cervical cancer is a leading cause of death in females. In more than 90% of cases, these carcinomas are etiologically related to human papilloma virus infection. In developed countries HPV can be easily detected by PCR methods but these methods are very costly and not affordable. The purpose of this study is to found effective, low-cost, less time consuming method in our set up for early detection of cervical cancer. Current study was conducted in Isra university hospital, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Total 100 samples were collected from patients routinely presenting with gynecological problems to the outpatient department. All samples were fixed in alcohol immediately to avoid air drying effect. and were brought to Isra university histopathology laboratory for cytopathological examination. Total 100 Pap smear samples were examined for Cytomorphological changes for cervical malignant changes. Age categories were divided into < 30 years – ≥60 years. Cytoplasmic changes- the Vacuolation, Koilocytosis, Keratohyaline granules and cytoplasmic folding were present in 32, 64, 50 and 52 samples respectively. Koilocytosis was most frequent finding in our samples. Nuclear changes-the Size variation, Multi nucleation, prominent nucleoli and Mild hyperchromasia were present in 64, 66, 48 and 58 samples respectively. Size variation, multi nucleation and hyperchromasia were frequently observations. Cumulative Cytomorphological changes were noted in 90% of study subjects. Conclusion: Various Cytomorphological changes like Vacuolation, Koilocytosis, Keratohyaline granules, cytoplasmic folding and nuclear changes like nuclear size variation, multi nucleation, prominent nucleoli and mild hyperchromasia as markers indicative of HPV infection and may enhance cervical cytology importance.
Teachers’ Instructional Strategy versus Students’ Academic Performance in Senior High School Mathematics

: The purpose of the study was to determine the level of effectiveness of the use of scaffolding strategies in the selected topic in second year Mathematics based on the Mathematics the performance of the second year high school students, City of Cape Coast. The study made use of the experimental design, specifically the pretest – posttest. Two sections of the second year high school students were the participants of the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a school and the participants for the study. A total of 24 students were involved in the study. The instrument used to gather the data was the Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT), containing 20-items pretest-posttest. SPSS was used to analyse the data. The test statistics was paired sample t-test to estimate the mean scores, where the three hypotheses for the study were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were subjected to statistical analyses using the mean, standard deviation and t-test. Findings showed that: there was no significant difference between the performances of the two groups in the pre-test, significant difference existed between the performances of the two groups in the post-test, and there was a significant difference in the performances of the experimental group from pre-test to post-test. Wherefore, scaffolding (inquiry-based) strategy of teaching SHS mathematics is most efficient to yield long learning. Thus based on our findings, the following recommendations were drawn: 1. Teachers should use scaffolding strategy in combination with conventional strategy in teaching mathematics. 2. Teachers should continue to working for innovative changes and the integration of instructional technology in the mathematics classroom. Hence, the researchers highly recommend further studies to be undertaken with scaffolding strategy which involve intensive and extensive use of the strategy.
Effects of Self Regulatory Learning, Personal Goal Setting and Perceptions of the Teaching Profession on Literacy of Vocational Teachers

Literacy of the vocational teachers can certainly improve aspects of knowledge, skills and attitudes of a person thus the main competence of teachers can be achieved. The objective of this study was to reveal the relationship and the contribution of self regulatory learning (X1), personal goal setting (X2), and perception of the teaching profession (X3) with the literacy of vocational teachers (Y). This study used a quantitative method with descriptive correlational research design. The sample of this study consisted of the students of the bachelor degree program of Electrical Engineering Education in the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang in the academic year of 2014 with 114 respondents. Data collection techniques used a questionnaire adapted using a likert scale. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed there was a significant relationship between X1, X2, and X3 with Y either partially or simultaneously. The ability of self regulation learning, personal goal setting, and perceptions of the teaching profession contributed 56.3% to achieving literacy of vocational teachers, with a variable sequence that contributes from high to low were self regulatory learning, perceptions of the teaching profession and personal goal setting.
Propranolol Reduces Cancer Risk A Population-Based Cohort Study

: b -Blockers have been reported to exhibit potential anticancer effects in cancer cell lines and animal models. However, clinical studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding cancer outcomes and cancer risk when b -blockers were used. This study investigated the association between propranolol and cancer risk. Between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2011, a patient cohort was extracted from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000, a subset of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A propranolol cohort (propranolol usage > 6 months) and nonpropranolol cohort were matched using a propensity score. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% conﬁdence intervals (CIs) of cancer associated with propranolol treatment. The study sample comprised 24,238 patients. After a 12-year follow-up period, the cumulative incidence for developing cancer was low in the propranolol cohort (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.67–0.85; P < 0.001). Patients with propranolol treatment exhibited signiﬁcantly lower risks of cancers in head and neck (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.35–0.95), esophagus (HR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.13–0.96), stomach (HR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.30–0.98), colon (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.49–0.93), and prostate cancers (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.33–0.83). The protective effect of propranolol for head and neck, stomach, colon, and prostate cancers was most sub- stantial when exposure duration exceeded 1000 days. This study supports the proposition that propranolol can reduce the risk of head and neck, esophagus, stomach, colon, and prostate cancers. Further prospective study is necessary to conﬁrm these ﬁndings. ( Medicine 94(27):e1097) Abbreviations : CI = conﬁdence interval, b -AR = b -adrenergic receptor, NHI = the National Health Insurance, HR = hazard ratio, ICD-9-CM = International Classiﬁcation of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modiﬁcation, LHID2000 = the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000, NHIRD = National Health Insurance Research Database. disease, essential tremor, anxiety, thyrotoxicosis, and migraine and medication of statins, metformin, aspirin, a -blockers, and other b -blockers.
of and year

Background: The longer term impact of flooding on health is poorly understood. In 2015, following widespread flooding in the UK during winter 2013/14, Public Health England launched the English National Study of Flooding and Health. The study identified a higher prevalence of probable psychological morbidity one year after exposure to flooding. We now report findings after two years. Methods: In year two (2016), a self-assessment questionnaire including flooding-related exposures and validated instruments to screen for probable anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was sent to all participants who consented to further follow-up. Participants exposure status was categorised according to responses in year one; we assessed for exposure to new episodes of flooding and continuing flood-related problems in respondents homes. We calculated the prevalence and odds ratio for each outcome by exposure group relative to unaffected participants, adjusting for confounders. We used the McNemar test to assess change in outcomes between year one and year two. Results: In year two, 1064 (70%) people responded. The prevalence of probable psychological morbidity remained elevated amongst flooded participants [ n = 339] (depression 10.6%, anxiety 13.6%, PTSD 24.5%) and disrupted participants [ n = 512] (depression 4.1%, anxiety 6.4%, PTSD 8.9%), although these rates were reduced compared to year one. A greater reduction in anxiety 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.6 – 9.9) was seen than depression 3.8% (95% CI 1.5 – 6.1) and PTSD: 6.6% (95% CI 3.9 – 9.2). Exposure to flooding was associated with a higher odds of anxiety (adjusted odds
Prevalence of Pre-Core and Basal Core Promoter Mutations in HbeAg Negative Patients from India

Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg), a translational product of the pre-Core (pre-C) and Basal Core Promoter (BCP) region of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and its presence in the patient serum indicates active viral replication. Seroconversion of HBeAg indicates response to therapy and resolution of the disease; but emergence of mutations in the pre-C and BCP regions of the viral genome inhibits the production and secretion of HBeAg giving a false impression of favorable therapeutic response. Occurrence of different pre-C and BCP mutations are known to be associated with different HBV genotypes. Thus, we aimed to determine the prevalence of pre-C and BCP mutations in 42 HBeAg negative patients and correlate its presence with HBV genotype. Genotype D (76.1%, 32/42 patients) was found to be predominant followed by genotype A (23.9%, 10/42 patients). Sequence analysis revealed mutations A1762T/ G1764A and G1896A to occur at a higher frequency in genotype A (60%, 6/10) and genotype D (71.8%, 23/32) respectively. Thus, the examination of pre-C and BCP mutations would be helpful for prediction of the clinical outcome.
Physical Activity Review vol

s. The aim of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale to measure plyometric exercise intensity during low (L), moderate (M) and high (H) intensity. Fourteen physically active students (age; 21±1.1 y, height; 178.7±8.2 cm and body mass; 74.6±9.1 kg) volunteered to participate in this study and performed each intensity once separated with 24 h recovery. The H consisted of 1 set of 5 repetitions at 90% of the subject’s vertical jump height (VJH). The M consisted of 10 repetitions at 70% VJT, and the L consisted of 1 set of 15 repetitions at 50% VJH. RPE was measured following the completion each intensity using 0-10 Borg RPE scale. Data was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and the level of significant was set at p < 0.05. The results indicated increases in RPE following enhancing exercise intensity (p < 0.05). Performing fewer repetitions at a higher intensity was perceived to be more difficult than performing more repetitions at a lower intensity. The results of the current investigation revealed that the RPE method is effective in monitoring different plyometric exercise and training intensities and it can be recommend that strength and conditioning professionals and athletes use the RPE method based on the effectiveness tool for monitoring their plyometric exercise and training sessions at different intensities.
Memory B Cell Compartment - Development and Maintenance of a B220

We have recently demonstrated that a novel somatically mutated B220 2 memory B cell subset rapidly dominates the secondary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl (NP). Upon adoptive transfer with Ag, B220 1 NP 1 memory B cells produce large numbers of B220 2 NP 1 B cells that can rapidly differentiate into plasma cells. Therefore, it is not clear whether the novel B220 2 memory compartment is a consequence of secondary Ag challenge or whether it develops as a stable memory subset after initial Ag challenge. In this study, we demonstrate the gradual emergence of B220 2 NP 1 B cells in the spleen to maximal numbers 3 wk after initial Ag exposure. Like their B220 1 counterparts, the B220 2 B cells initially appear unmutated at days 5–7; however, the majority rapidly accumulate afﬁnity increasing mutations by days 9–14 of the primary immune response. More extensive cell surface phenotype (GL7 2 BLA-1 2 CD24 2 CD43 1 ) argues strongly against germinal center localization and direct analysis in situ places a cohort of B220 2 CD11b 1 NP 1 B cells in the red pulp of the spleen and not in the MZs. These data provide direct evidence for the development of B220 2 memory B cells as a unique cellular consequence of primary Ag exposure. The cellular dynamics and molecular attributes of these unique memory B cells suggest they are distinct cellular products of the germinal center reaction in the primary response and are maintained long-term in the spleen and bone marrow. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 167: 1393–1405.
Size, Value and Momentum in Frontier Markets

As more and more investors look to diversify their portfolios further, their attentions have moved past emerging markets in recent years, towards the so-called frontier markets. Frontier markets are less developed and liquid than emerging markets but offer tremendous opportunities for investors willing to allocate capital into them. This thesis will look into the applicability of global, as well as Frontier Fama-French-Carhart four-factor models within these markets and what the consequences are in terms of the efficient market hypothesis. The factor models will try to explain returns based on Size, Value and Momentum, as the literature has shown that asset pricing models tend to have difficulties explaining these strategies. Our findings indicate that Global Fama-French factors do partially explain long-only returns, yet Frontier Fama-French-Carhart factors appear more suitable. However, the results indicate that there is a factor missing in Frontier Fama-FrenchCarhart factors, which could explain the excess returns. Moreover, as we did not find statistically significant and positive intercepts for all applied Momentum strategies against the Frontier and Global Fama-French-Carhart factors (not even in the robustness test), we cannot reject the weak efficient market hypothesis. However, dollar-neutral Size and Value strategies (also the combined portfolio with dollar-neutral Momentum) seem to consistently outperform Frontier and Global factors.
Growth and Formation of Perovskite Nanocrystals and Their Superstructures Revealed by In-situ Spectroscopy

Metal halide perovskites have attracted substantial interest due to their promising properties for optoelectronic applications. Despite much progress made in the field, the exact growth mechanism of perovskite nanocrystals ( e.g. CsPbBr 3 ) remains elusive and further improvement of their controllable synthesis is challenging. Herein, we reveal different stages during growth and purification of high-quality CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals using in-situ PL spectroscopy and the as-synthesized materials are further characterized by using time-resolved transient differential transmission and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Remarkably, nanocrystals form superstructures already during synthesis, which is confirmed by X-ray spectroscopy. The formation process can be explained by a model based on self size selection. On the one hand, such superstructures may be useful for high-quality devices such as LEDs. On the other hand, the approach to reveal their formation process can be adopted for various other material systems.