Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long Waves due to Interactions beneath Wave Groups

Long waves coupled to and forced by groups of primary waves in water of uniform, but arbitrary depth are investigated. Stream function wave theory is used to represent the long waves, which are driven by a virtual pressure and a virtual vertical velocity associated with the groups of first-order incoming waves. Results are presented for the case of a wave group formed by two primary waves with equal amplitudes and slightly different frequencies. This method provides more realistic results than those of Longuet-Higgins and Stewart, especially in shallow water, where their approach predicts long-wave heights that are too large. The interpretation for the smaller wave heights obtained herein, especially in shallow water, is that inclusion of the nonlinearities in the long-wave representation causes its celerity to differ from that of the wave groups, thereby “detuning” the system.
Pericardial Adipose tissue, Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: the Jackson Heart Study

1 Jackson Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39216-4505, USA 2 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,USA 3 Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center. 4 Department of Cardiology and Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem
Removing the Frontal Lobes

The present study examined the impact of engaging frontal-mediated working memory processes on implicit and explicit category learning. Two stimulus dimensions were relevant to categorization, but in some conditions, a third, irrelevant dimension was also presented. Results indicated that in both implicit and explicit conditions, the inclusion of the irrelevant dimension impaired performance by increasing the reliance on suboptimal unidimensional strategies. With three-dimensional stimuli, a striking dissociation was observed between implicit and explicit category learning when participants performed a sequential working memory task. With explicit category learning, performance was impaired further, and there was an increased use of suboptimal unidimensional strategies. However, with implicit category learning, the performance impairment decreased, and there was an increased use of optimal strategies. These findings demonstrate the paradoxical situation in which learning can be improved under sequential-task conditions and have important implications for training, decision making, and understanding interactive memory systems.
The Seven Mile Creek Mound: New Evidence for Mid-Holocene Aboriginal Marine Resource Exploitation in Central Queensland

Recent excavation of an Aboriginal shell mound on Seven Mile Creek, just southeast of Gladstone, central Queensland, has revealed a dense shell midden deposit dated to c. 3900cal BP. This result provides some of the earliest evidence of highly focused marine resource exploitation from an open archaeological site on the Queensland coast. The site is briefly described, preliminary results of analyses presented and implications discussed.
Connectivity between landscapes and riverscapes—a unifying theme in integrating hydrology and ecology in catchment science?

Developing the research interface between hydrology and ecology has been identified as a research frontier in catchment science (Bond, 2003). Yet, despite a history of research that integrates insights from the two fields (Bonell, 2002), it has been argued that the disciplines still operate somewhat independently with different philosophies, conceptual frameworks, terminology and experimental approaches (Hannah et al., 2004). Facilitating greater integration is a prerequisite to more holistic understanding of how catchments function, which in turn is needed to inform sustainable river basin management (Petts et al., 2006). In both sciences, progress towards such ends has been hampered by a focus on reductionist approaches at small spatial and temporal scales, because of the need for detailed observation to characterise processes adequately, together with logistic and resource constraints. For example, studies that seek to establish links between physical habitat and ecology have usually been carried out at reach scales (typically < 102 m), via the application of hydraulic models in order to understand the physical characteristics of aquatic habitats (e.g. Moir et al., 2005). Examination of larger scale linkages have usually been implicit and limited to analyses of river flow regimes to identify parameters that might be ecologically meaningful in order to guide management decisions when setting environmental flow regimes (e.g. Olden and Poff, 2003; Tetzlaff et al., 2005a; Beechie et al., 2006). Often the lack of unifying themes and different disciplinary approaches results in ecohydrological studies that are multidisciplinary rather than interdisciplinary and which infer, rather than empirically measure, abiotic–biotic interactions. Innovations in landscape ecology have resulted in the development of new paradigms in freshwater ecology, which provide an exciting opportunity for fruitful interdisciplinary research (Wiens, 2002). Viewing riverine ecosystems as ‘riverscapes’ which are closely connected with their catchment ‘landscape’, facilitates a more integrated perspective and a common conceptual framework for research (Fausch et al., 2002). This provides an opportunity for hydrologists to develop ways of understanding catchment functioning in a more ecologically meaningful way (Stanford, 2006). The concept of ‘connectivity’ is emerging as an important theme in current approaches to understanding hydrology (e.g. Lane et al., 2004) and catchment scale ecological processes (Pringle, 2003). In this commentary, we explore the utility of the concept of connectivity. We show how it has recently contributed to a more unified, interdisciplinary understanding of the influence of catchment-scale hydrological processes on the migratory movement of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) into a Scottish river system for spawning. We also share experiences on over a decade of interdisciplinary research between hydrologists and
0046 Circadian misalignment is associated with Covid-19 infection

Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbances are frequently reported in patients infected by Covid-19, but the role of sleep-wake behaviors as a risk factor to contract Covid-19 has up to now poorly been studied. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between usual sleep-wake behaviors and the risk of Covid-19 infection in a population of subjects suspect of contact or infection with SARS-CoV-2. Methods Cross-sectionnal monocentric study set during a non-confined period in winter 2021. Recruitment took place in a Covid-19 ambulatory screening platform. Subjects between 18 and 45 years old were included whether they were symptomatic or not, healthcare workers or not, in contact with a Covid-19 case or not. They were asked about their usual sleep-wake behaviors. Usual sleep duration and sleep timing were explored during workdays and free days. Circadian misalignment was defined as at least 2 hours shift of circadian alignment (defined as the difference between mid‐sleep during workdays and mid‐sleep during free days, mid sleep as the middle between bedtime and getting up time). Results One thousand eighteen subjects were included in our study (acceptance rate: 10.8%, 39% of men, mean age of 28±8). Habitual mean sleep duration was equivalent in both groups (7h47 vs 7h49, p=0.733). Circadian misalignment greater than 2 hours concerned 33% of subjects in the Covid-19 group versus 20% of the control group (p=0.026). After adjustment on age, gender, BMI and work schedules, subjects presenting a circadian misalignment superior to 2 hours had 2.07 more chances to be tested positive than subjects which respected on identical sleep-wake timing between workdays and free days (OR=2.07, 95%CI= [1.12-3.80], p=0.024). Conclusion Altered sleep not only is present in subjects infected by Covid-19 but could be responsible of a higher change to be infected. Chronobiological impact on immune system and higher chances to be exposed to social contacts could explain our findings which deserve to be confirmed through a future large cohort study. Ultimately regular sleep-wake pattern could constitute a privileged prevention target to fight Covid-19 infection. Support (If Any)
An accelerated course of TMS using intermittent theta burst for veterans with major depressive disorder: A case series.

BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neuro-modulation technique for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD). Standard TMS protocols for MDD involve once-daily treatment for 6 to 9 weeks. We report a case series of an accelerated TMS protocol for outpatient MDD treatment. METHODS From July 2020 through January 2021, patients deemed appropriate candidates for TMS treatment were offered an accelerated TMS protocol consisting of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, localized by the Beam F3 method, and consisting of 5 treatments daily for 5 days. Assessment scales were obtained as part of standard clinical care. RESULTS A total of 19 veterans received the accelerated protocol and 17 completed treatment. Statistically significant mean reductions from baseline to end of treatment were observed across all assessment scales. Remission and response rates, as defined by changes in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores, were 47.1% and 64.7%, respectively. Treatments were well tolerated without unexpected or serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS This case series details the safety and efficacy of an accelerated iTBS TMS protocol consisting of 25 treatments over 5 days. Improved depressive symptoms were observed, with remission and response rates similar to standard TMS protocols of daily TMS for ≥6 weeks.
Ploughing‐boulder characteristics and associated soil properties in the Lake District and southern Scotland

Abstract The characteristics of 179 ploughing boulders and their associated ground features in the Lake District and southern Scotland are shown to be broadly similar to those reported by previous investigators from sites elsewhere in the uplands of Britain. Correlation analyses between pairs of ploughing‐boulder variables (boulder b axis, slope angle, depression length and mound height) reveal the existence of only weak morphometric relationships. Soil properties (organic matter content, grain size and index properties) lend support to the proposal that gelifluction is the principal mechanism of ploughing‐boulder movement, although the high index‐property values recorded require that correspondingly high pore‐water pressures are generated at the base of the ploughing boulders during thaw consolidation in order to initiate localised liquefaction. This can be achieved due to the greater thermal conductivity of boulders, relative to the surrounding ground, causing soil beneath boulders to freeze earlier and.
Two satellite-based rainfall algorithms, calibration methods and post-processing corrections applied to Mediterranean flood cases

Esta tesis explora la precision de dos metodos de estimacion de precipitacion, Auto-Estimator y CRR (Convective Rainfall Rate), generados a partir de imagenes infrarrojas y visibles del Meteosat. Ambos metodos junto con una serie de correcciones de la intensidad de lluvia estimada se aplican y se verifican en dos casos de inundaciones acaecidas en zonas mediterraneas. El primer caso ocurrio en Albania del 21 al 23 de septiembre de 2002 y el segundo, conocido como caso Montserrat, ocurrio en Cataluna la noche del 9 al 10 se junio de 2000. Por otro lado se investiga la posibilidad de realizar calibraciones de ambos metodos directamente con datos de estaciones pluviometricas cuando lo comun es calibrar con datos de radares meteorologicos. Tambien se propone cambios en algunas de las correcciones ya que parecen mejorar los resultados y se propone una nueva correccion muy eficiente que utiliza las descargas electricas para determinar la zonas mas convectivas y de mayor precipitacion de los sistemas nubosos. ***************************** This Thesis work explores the precision of two methods to estimate rainfall called Auto-Estimator and CRR (Convective Rainfall Rate). They are obtained by using infrared and visible images from Meteosat. Both Algorithms within a set of correction factors are applied and verified in two severe flood cases that took place in Mediterranean regions. The first case has occurred in Albania from 21 to 23 September 2002 and the second, known as the Montserrat case, has occurred in Catalonia the night from the 9 to 10 of June 2000. On the other hand it is explored new methods to perform calibrations to both satellite algorithms using direct rain rates from rain gauges. These kinds of adjustments are usually done using rain rates from meteorological radars. In addition it is proposed changes on some correction factors that seem to improve the results on estimations and it is defined an efficient correction factor that employ electrical discharges to detect the most convective and rainy areas in cloud systems.
PATTERNS IN DISTRIBUTION, GROWTH, AND TROPHODYNAMICS OF STRIPED BASS EARLY LIFE STAGES IN THE ESTUARINE TRANSITION REGION OF UPPER CHESAPEAKE BAY

Title of Thesis: PATTERNS IN DISTRIBUTION, GROWTH, AND TROPHODYNAMICS OF STRIPED BASS EARLY LIFE STAGES IN THE ESTUARINE TRANSITION REGION OF UPPER CHESAPEAKE BAY Allison Rae Chandler Shideler, Master of Science, 2011 Directed By: Professor Edward D. Houde, Marine Estuarine and Environmental Sciences Program Variable production of young striped bass Morone saxatilis in the estuarine transition region depends on environmental and hydrographic conditions in the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) and salt front region of Chesapeake Bay. Spatio-temporal variability in occurrence, growth, and diet of early life stages of striped bass and zooplankton prey were compared in years of average (2007) and poor (2008) production of striped bass juveniles. Stable isotope analyses tracked sources of carbon and nitrogen in larval striped bass diets. The estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis was the most important prey. It and the freshwater cladoceran Bosmina longirostris dominated diets of striped bass larvae. Bosmina was relatively important in 2007. Larvae grew faster in 2007 than in 2008 and growth was fastest within and up-estuary of the ETM and salt front. Stable isotope analysis indicated that carbon from both marine and terrestrial sources supports production of striped bass larvae. PATTERNS IN DISTRIBUTION, GROWTH, AND TROPHODYNAMICS OF STRIPED BASS EARLY LIFE STAGES IN THE ESTUARINE TRANSITION REGION OF UPPER CHESAPEAKE BAY
Environmental cognitions, land change, and social–ecological feedbacks: an overview

Understanding land use transitions requires analyzing how, when facing qualitative environmental change, human agents may modify their beliefs, values, and decision rules. This article first reviews some of the useful theories analyzing how environmental change can have a feedback effect on behaviors, via the environmental cognitions. Then, it discusses three propositions for more cognitively realistic agents in land change science: (i) land use choices result from multiple decision-making processes and rely on various motives, influenced by social norms, emotions, beliefs, and values toward the environment; (ii) social–ecological feedbacks are mediated by the environmental cognitions, that is, the perception, interpretation, evaluation of environmental change, and decision-making; (iii) human agents actively re-evaluate their beliefs, values, and functioning to adapt to unexpected environmental changes. Empirical and modeling studies in land change science can progress by linking the three components of the feedback loop, that is, environmental changes, environmental cognitions, and land use practices.
THE UMFOLOZIA ARTHROPOD TRACKWAYS IN THE PERMIAN DWYKA AND ECCA GROUPS OF SOUTH AFRICA

Um(oloz.ia trackways are widespread in the glacial DWyka and in the overlying non-glacial Ecca deposits. Populations from ten localities have been numerically analysed. A consistent, signifi­ cant dilTerence is found between the inclination of the footprints in the trackways from glacial and non,glacial localities. On the strength of this, two species are distinguished. The track­ makers living in the non-glacial environments also tended to be relatively longer than those liv­ ing in the glacial environments, but there was apparently no corresponding increase in func­ tional leg length. This resulted in a change in the proportions of the trackways. The evolution of this change suggests that the glacial deposits in Natal are younger than those in southern South West Africa and in the Cape.
Strain rate dependence in dolomite inferred from impact and static compression studies

Plate impact techniques and laser interferometry instrumentation were used to obtain continuous one-dimensional compression wave data through states of loading and unloading on Blair dolomite in the stress range of 0 to 6.5 GPa. These data are used to infer the dynamic stress--strain response. Both the character of the wave propagation and a comparison with quasi-static uniaxial strain data obtained by other workers suggest substantial strain rate dependence in this rock. The dynamic yield stress of 2.5 GPa determined from the wave propagation data was approximately a factor of 10 higher than that observed in the quasi-static data. Wave propagation below 2.5 GPa is suggestive of viscoelastic response, and a nonlinear Maxwell constitutive equation fitted to these data provides a characteristic relaxation time of 0.01 . mu.s. Comparison of dynamic and quasi-static loading data suggests that the large difference in observed yield stress could be the result of a transition from failure by brittle fracture to failure by intracrystalline plastic flow.
Sustainability of livestock farming in the communal lands of Southern Namibia

The impacts of livestock farming in southern Namibia's communal areas are investigated. Small stock farming is ubiquitous in this semiarid region, and provides many people with their only source of wealth and income. It is traditionally thought that livestock grazing negatively impacts on the vegetation resource. Using both interviews and interpretation of sequential aerial photographs, veld (a South African word descriptive of the general vegetation and soils within an area) resilience and changes in vegetation composition and cover were analysed. Results provide contrasting evidence. Resilience is illustrated by good plant regeneration after the 1999–2000 rainy season, an observation that provides support for a disequilibrium interpretation of the landscape, suggesting that productivity here is primarily event driven and not unduly impacted by grazing pressure. Additional, contradictory, results show that vegetation composition has indeed changed in the communal lands, from predominantly palatable perennials to unpalatable annuals. Localized areas of degradation are also evident. Using sequential aerial photography, comparison of land units under commercial tenure (1970) with the situation subsequent to incorporation into Namaland (1998) indicates an increase in bare soil from 6.3 to 11 per cent over the time period in question. This increase is attributed to, among other factors, increased pressure form livestock grazing. Although separating anthropogenic factors from other biophysical ones is difficult, it is argued that appropriate management practices should be employed that take into account both the veld's resilience and the observed localized degradation and species composition changes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterogeneity in the Course of Suicidal Ideation and its Relation to Suicide Attempts in First-Episode Psychosis: A 5-Year Prospective Study

Objectives Although the risk of suicide is high in first-episode psychosis (FEP), little is known about the course of suicidal ideation and its relation to suicide attempts. Therefore, we aimed to identify 5-year trajectories of suicidal ideation and associated factors in FEP and compare how suicide attempts were distributed across these identified trajectories. Method This 5-year prospective study assessed suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and potentially associated factors through research interviews, chart review and coroners’ reports in 382 FEP patients [mean age = 23.53 (SD = 3.61)] admitted to 2 5-year early psychosis services in Montreal, Canada. Trajectories were identified using a semiparametric mixture model, and associated factors with multinomial logistic regression. Results Three suicidal ideation trajectories were identified: low and decreasing (n = 325, 85.08%); early decline, then increasing (n = 30, 7.85%), and persistent suicidal ideation (n = 27, 7.07%). Suicidal ideation prior to admission (OR = 2.85, 95% CI, 1.23 to 6.63, P < 0.05) and cocaine use disorder (OR = 6.78, 95% CI, 1.08 to 42.75, P < 0.05) were associated with the early decline, then increasing suicidal ideation trajectory. Persons with prior suicide ideation (OR = 4.33, 95% CI, 1.66 to 11.29, P < 0.05) and attempts (OR = 8.18, 95% CI, 2.39 to 27.97, P < 0.001) and alcohol use disorder (OR = 3.63, 95% CI, 1.4 to 9.42, P < 0.05) were more likely to belong to the persistent suicidal ideation trajectory, and to attempt suicide during follow-up. Conclusions Our study highlights heterogeneity in the course of suicidal ideation over 5 years and the importance of ongoing assessment of suicidal risk in FEP patients, particularly for patients who persistently report suicidal ideation, as they are likelier to engage in suicide attempts. Patients with factors associated with increasing or persistent suicidal ideation trajectories should be targeted for suicide prevention interventions from the early phase of follow-up. Given the small number of persons in these trajectories and the wide CIs for some factors, larger studies are however needed to further characterize who belongs in each group.
Trends in daily temperature extremes over the Basilicata region (southern Italy) from 1951 to 2010 in a Mediterranean climatic context

Changes in annual and seasonal temperatures were studied from 18 stations, distributed all over the Basilicata region (southern Italy), for the 1951–2010 period. The analysis is based on high‐quality and homogenous daily minimum and maximum temperatures. Both minimum (Tmin) and maximum (Tmax) temperatures increase, especially after 1971. Seasonal results show upward trends in Tmin in winter, spring and summer, whereas they show downward trends in Tmin in autumn, especially in the last normal 1981–2010. Tmax also shows upward trends in spring and summer, whereas it tends to decrease during winter and autumn. The intra‐annual extreme temperature range (ETR) index also shows a general positive trend, especially during spring. Eleven indices were used to assess the changes in both the cold and warm tails of the daily temperature distribution. The presence of trends was assessed by means of the Mann‐Kendall test. The results reveal a general upward tendency on warm days (TX90), warm nights (TN90) and tropical nights (T20) especially because of an increase in temperature after 1971. This datum is fully confirmed in summer which is the season mainly responsible for this trend. The annual occurrence of summer days (SU) and very warm days (TX99) is weakly increasing. The majority of cold extremes, i.e. very cold nights (TN1), cold days (TX10), cold nights (TN10), frost days (FD) and ice days (ID) showed negative trends, thus confirming the overall warming trend in the Basilicata region. This negative trend could stem from the strong increase of Tmin during winter, spring and summer.