Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toy Model of Spinning Quantum Cosmology

In this paper, we show one theoretical possibility for cosmic rotation. We would like to appeal that: 1) Spin is a basic property of quantum mechanics and a globally rotating universe is consistent with general relativity and quantum gravity. 2) As physical understanding and physical evidence of dark energy is very poor, it is better to search for alternative concepts. 3) With reference to the well established 70% dark energy, it is possible to have a ‘concrete’ theory of cosmic rotation. In this toy model: at 0 70km/sec/Mpc H  and 0 2.722 T  K, 1) Estimated current ordinary matter density is 0.04341   2 0 3 8 H G  and corresponding cosmic radius and maximum expansion velocity are: 29 Gpc and 6.8c respectively. 2) Current cosmic rotational kinetic energy density is 0.667   2 0 3 8 H G  . We would like to emphasize that dark energy can be identified with cosmic rotational kinetic energy. Our toy model is coherent in connecting most of the cosmic physical parameters and one very interesting point to be noted is that, it is one ‘inflation free’ model. With further study, a unified model of quantum cosmology can be developed with and without inflation.
A Data-Centric View on Computational Complexity: P != NP

$P \not = NP \Leftrightarrow SAT \not \in P$. We propose this to be true because the satisfiability problem for propositional logic formulas (SAT) is the Halting Problem~\cite{turing1936} in disguise and therefore undecidable. Since the input space is finite, however, SAT can still be solved by simulating no less than all possible, that is exponentially many, configurations. In a nutshell, the halting portion of a program formulated for a Turing Machine can be expressed as one long propositional logic formula based on previous memory states (binary variables). Therefore solving SAT by analyzing a formula syntactically would equate to solving the Halting Problem. A propositional logic formula is nothing else but a specific encoding of a truth table. There are $2^{2^n}$ unique truth tables of $n$ binary variables and this means we need at least $2^n$ bits to universally encode any truth table. Thus simulating less than $2^n$ configurations would be in violation of the pigeon hole principle and therefore imply lossy compression. SAT requires an exact solution, however, and not an approximate one. Consequently, SAT needs an exponential amount of decisions to be solved.
Cubic interactions of massless bosonic fields in three dimensions. II. Parity-odd and Chern-Simons vertices

This work completes the classification of the cubic vertices for arbitrary spin massless bosons in three dimensions started in a previous companion paper by constructing parity-odd vertices. Similarly to the parity-even case, there is a unique parity-odd vertex for any given triple $s_1\geq s_2\geq s_3\geq 2$ of massless bosons if the triangle inequalities are satisfied ($s_1<s_2+s_3$) and none otherwise. These vertices involve two (three) derivatives for odd (even) values of the sum $s_1+s_2+s_3$. A non-trivial relation between parity-even and parity-odd vertices is found. Similarly to the parity-even case, the scalar and Maxwell matter can couple to higher spins through current couplings with higher derivatives. We comment on possible lessons for 2d CFT. We also derive both parity-even and parity-odd vertices with Chern-Simons fields and comment on the analogous classification in two dimensions.
Virtual pivot point in human walking: always experimentally observed but simulations suggest it may not be necessary

The intersection of ground reaction forces in a small, point-like area above the center of mass has been observed in computer simulation models and human walking experiments. This intersection point is often called a virtual pivot point (VPP). With the VPP observed so ubiquitously, it is commonly assumed to provide postural stability for bipedal walking. In this study, we challenge this assumption by questioning if walking without a VPP is possible. Deriving gaits with a neuromuscular reflex model through multi-stage optimization, we found stable walking patterns that show no signs of the VPP-typical intersection of ground reaction forces. We, therefore, conclude that a VPP is not necessary for upright, stable walking. The non-VPP gaits found are stable and successfully rejected step-down perturbations, which indicates that a VPP is not primarily responsible for locomotion robustness or postural stability. However, a collision-based analysis indicates that non-VPP gaits increased the potential for collisions between the vectors of the center of mass velocity and ground reaction forces during walking, suggesting an increased mechanical cost of transport. Although our computer simulation results have yet to be confirmed through experimental studies, they already strongly challenge the existing explanation of the VPP’s function and provide an alternative explanation.
Genomic analysis of European Drosophila melanogaster populations on a dense spatial scale reveals longitudinal population structure and continent-wide selection

80 Genetic variation is the fuel of evolution. However, analyzing dynamics of evolutionary 81 change in natural populations is challenging, genome sequencing of entire populations 82 remains costly and comprehensive sample collection logistically challenging. To tackle this 83 issue and to define relevant spatial and temporal scales of variation for a population 84 genetic model system, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, we have founded the 85 European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU). Our principal objective 86 is to employ the strengths of this collaborative consortium to extensively sample and 87 sequence natural populations on a continent-wide scale and across distinct timescales. 88 Here we present the first analysis of the first DrosEU pool-sequencing dataset, consisting 89 of 48 population samples collected across the European continent in 2014. The analysis of 90 this comprehensive dataset uncovers novel patterns of variation at multiple levels: 91 genome-wide neutral SNPs, mtDNA haplotypes, inversions and TEs that exhibit previously 92 cryptic longitudinal population structure across the European continent; signatures of 93 selective sweeps shared among the majority of European populations; presumably 94 adaptive clines in inversions; and geographic variation in TEs. Additionally, we document 95 highly variable microbiota among European fruit fly populations and identify several new 96 Drosophila viruses. Our study reveals novel aspects of the population biology of D. 97 melanogaster and illustrates the power of extensive sampling and pooled sequencing of 98 natural populations on a continent-wide scale. 99 100
Generate To Adapt : Unsupervised Domain Adaptation using Generative Adversarial Networks

Domain Adaptation is an actively researched problem in Computer Vision. In this work, we propose an approach that leverages unsupervised data to bring the source and target distributions closer in a learned joint feature space. We accomplish this by inducing a symbiotic relationship between the learned embedding and a generative adversarial network. This is in contrast to methods which use the adversarial framework for realistic data generation and retraining deep models with such data. We demonstrate the strength and generality of our approach by performing experiments on three different tasks with varying levels of difficulty: (1) Digit classification (MNIST, SVHN and USPS datasets) (2) Object recognition using OFFICE dataset and (3) Domain adaptation from synthetic to real data. Our method achieves state-of-the art performance in most experimental settings and by far the only GAN-based method that has been shown to work well across different datasets such as OFFICE and DIGITS.
Spatiotemporal Deep Feature Extraction Multiscale Video Segmentation Multiscale Saliency Aggregation Saliency Computation Pipeline at a single scale STD FeaturesTemporal Segments Saliency Map Final Saliency Map

This paper presents a method for detecting salient objects in videos where temporal information in addition to spatial information is fully taken into account. Following recent reports on the advantage of deep features over conventional handcrafted features, we propose a new set of SpatioTemporal Deep (STD) features that utilize local and global contexts over frames. We also propose new SpatioTemporal Conditional Random Field (STCRF) to compute saliency from STD features. STCRF is our extension of CRF to the temporal domain and describes the relationships among neighboring regions both in a frame and over frames. STCRF leads to temporally consistent saliency maps over frames, contributing to accurate detection of salient objects’ boundaries and noise reduction during detection. Our proposed method first segments an input video into multiple scales and then computes a saliency map at each scale level using STD features with STCRF. The final saliency map is computed by fusing saliency maps at different scale levels. Our experiments, using publicly available benchmark datasets, confirm that the proposed method significantly outperforms stateof-the-art methods. We also applied our saliency computation to the video object segmentation task, showing that our method outperforms existing video object segmentation methods.
On the Vanishing of Twisted L-Functions of Elliptic Curves

Let E be an elliptic curve over Q with L-function LE (S). We use the random matrix model of Katz and Sarnak to develop a heuristic for the frequency of vanishing of the twisted Lfunctions LE (l, X), as X runs over the Dirichlet characters of order 3 (cubic twists). We also compute explicitly the conjecture of Keating and Snaith about the moments of the special values LE (l, X) in the family of cubic twists. Finally, we present experimental data which is consistent with the conjectures for the moments and for the vanishing in the family of cubic twists of LE (S).
The Probability of Generating the Symmetric Group

We consider the probability $p(S_n)$ that a pair of random permutations generates either the alternating group $A_n$ or the symmetric group $S_n$. Dixon (1969) proved that $p(S_n)$ approaches $1$ as $n\to\infty$ and conjectured that $p(S_n)=1-1/n+o(1/n)$. This conjecture was verified by Babai (1989), using the Classification of Finite Simple Groups. We give an elementary proof of this result; specifically we show that $p(S_n)=1-1/n+\mathcal {O}(n^{-2+\epsilon})$. Our proof is based on character theory and character estimates, including recent work by Schlage-Puchta (2012).
Procedural aspects of the organization of the comprehensive European Board of Ophthalmology Diploma examination

The comprehensive European Board of Ophthalmology Diploma (EBOD) examination is one of 38 European medical specialty examinations. This review aims at disclosing the specific procedures and content of the EBOD examination. It is a descriptive study summarizing the present organization of the EBOD examination. It is the 3rd largest European postgraduate medical assessment after anaesthesiology and cardiology. The master language is English for the Part 1 written test (knowledge test with 52 modified type X multiple-choice questions) (in the past the written test was also available in French and German). Ophthalmology training of minimum 4 years in a full or associated European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) member state is a prerequisite. Problem-solving skills are tested in the Part 2 oral assessment, which is a viva of 4 subjects conducted in English with support for native language whenever feasible. The comprehensive EBOD examination is one of the leading examinations organized by UEMS European Boards or Specialist Sections from the point of number of examinees, item banking, and item contents.
Adversarial Training Methods for Semi-Supervised Text Classification

Adversarial training provides a means of regularizing supervised learning algorithms while virtual adversarial training is able to extend supervised learning algorithms to the semi-supervised setting. However, both methods require making small perturbations to numerous entries of the input vector, which is inappropriate for sparse high-dimensional inputs such as one-hot word representations. We extend adversarial and virtual adversarial training to the text domain by applying perturbations to the word embeddings in a recurrent neural network rather than to the original input itself. The proposed method achieves state of the art results on multiple benchmark semi-supervised and purely supervised tasks. We provide visualizations and analysis showing that the learned word embeddings have improved in quality and that while training, the model is less prone to overfitting.
Alvimopan

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing inservices. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation (DUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent to you in print and are also available online. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of your facility. Subscribers to the The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I. X. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. If you would like information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The FIX. , call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The October 2008 monograph topics are on clevidipine butyrate injectable emulsion, tetrabenazine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets, ferumoxytol, and saxagliptin. The DUE is on clevidipine butyrate injectable emulsion.
A stellar census in globular clusters with MUSE

Aims. We use the spectra of more than 30 000 red giant branch (RGB) stars in 25 globular clusters (GC), obtained within the MUSE survey of Galactic globular clusters, to calibrate the Ca II triplet metallicity relation and derive metallicities for all individual stars. We investigate the overall metallicity distributions as well as those of the different populations within each cluster. Methods. The Ca II triplet in the near-infrared at 8498, 8542, and 8662 Å is visible in stars with spectral types between F and M and can be used to determine their metallicities. In this work, we calibrate the relation using average cluster metallicities from literature and MUSE spectra, and extend it below the horizontal branch – a cutoff that has traditionally been made to avoid a non-linear relation – using a quadratic function. In addition to the classic relation based on V − VHB, we also present calibrations based on absolute magnitude and luminosity. The obtained relations were used to calculate metallicities for all the stars in the sample and to derive metallicity distributions for different populations within a cluster, which have been separated using so-called “chromosome maps” based on HST photometry. Results. We show that despite the relatively low spectral resolution of MUSE (R = 1900 − 3700) we can derive single star metallicities with a mean statistical intra-cluster uncertainty of ∼0.12 dex. We present metallicity distributions for the RGB stars in 25 GCs and investigate the different metallicities of the populations P3 (and higher) in so-called metal-complex or Type II clusters, finding metallicity variations in all of them. We also detected unexpected metallicity variations in the Type I cluster NGC 2808 and confirm the Type II status of NGC 7078.
A stellar census in globular clusters with MUSE: A spectral catalogue of emission-line sources

Aims. Globular clusters produce many exotic stars due to a much higher frequency of dynamical interactions in their dense stellar environments. Some of these objects were observed together with several hundred thousand other stars in our MUSE survey of 26 Galactic globular clusters. Assuming that at least a few exotic stars have exotic spectra (i.e. spectra that contain emission lines), we can use this large spectroscopic data set of over a million stellar spectra as a blind survey to detect stellar exotica in globular clusters. Methods. To detect emission lines in each spectrum, we modelled the expected shape of an emission line as a Gaussian curve. This template was used for matched filtering on the differences between each observed 1D spectrum and its fitted spectral model. The spectra with the most significant detections of Hα emission are checked visually and cross-matched with published catalogues. Results. We find 156 stars with Hα emission, including several known cataclysmic variables (CV) and two new CVs, pulsating variable stars, eclipsing binary stars, the optical counterpart of a known black hole, several probable sub-subgiants and red stragglers, and 21 background emission-line galaxies. We find possible optical counterparts to 39 X-ray sources, as we detected Hα emission in several spectra of stars that are close to known positions of Chandra X-ray sources. This spectral catalogue can be used to supplement existing or future X-ray or radio observations with spectra of potential optical counterparts to classify the sources.
Revisão integrativa: método de pesquisa para a incorporação de evidências na saúde e na enfermagem

A pratica baseada em evidencias e uma abordagem que encoraja o desenvolvimento e/ou utilizacao de resultados de pesquisas na pratica clinica. Devido a quantidade e complexidade de informacoes na area da saude, ha necessidade de producao de metodos de revisao de literatura, dentre estes, destacamos a revisao integrativa. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi apresentar os conceitos gerais e as etapas para a elaboracao da revisao integrativa, bem como aspectos relevantes sobre a aplicabilidade deste metodo para a pesquisa na saude e enfermagem. A revisao integrativa e um metodo de pesquisa que permite a busca, a avaliacao critica e a sintese das evidencias disponiveis do tema investigado, sendo o seu produto final o estado atual do conhecimento do tema investigado, a implementacao de intervencoes efetivas na assistencia a saude e a reducao de custos, bem como a identificacao de lacunas que direcionam para o desenvolvimento de futuras pesquisas.
The Role of Linear Interference in the Annular Mode Response to Tropical SST Forcing

Abstract Recent observational and modeling studies have demonstrated a link between eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (TPO) warming associated with the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the negative phase of the wintertime northern annular mode (NAM). The TPO–NAM link involves a Rossby wave teleconnection from the tropics to the extratropics, and an increase in polar stratospheric wave driving that in turn induces a negative NAM anomaly in the stratosphere and troposphere. Previous work further suggests that tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) warming is associated with a positive NAM anomaly, which is of opposite sign to the TPO case. The TIO case is, however, difficult to interpret because the TPO and TIO warmings are not independent. To better understand the dynamics of tropical influences on the NAM, the current study investigates the NAM response to imposed TPO and TIO warmings in a general circulation model. The NAM responses to the two warmings have opposite sign and can be of surprisingly similar ampli.
Existence of asymmetric vortex patch for the generalized SQG equations

This paper aims to study the existence of asymmetric solutions for the two-dimensional generalized surface quasi-geostrophic (gSQG) equations of simply connected patches for $\alpha\in[1,2)$ in the whole plane, where $\alpha=1$ corresponds to the surface quasi-geostrophic equations (SQG). More precisely, we construct non-trivial simply connected co-rotating and traveling patches with unequal vorticity magnitudes. The proof is carried out by means of a combination of a desingularization argument with the implicit function theorem on the linearization of contour dynamics equation. Our results extend recent ones in the range $\alpha\in[0,1)$ by Hassainia-Hmidi (DCDS-A, 2021) and Hassainia-Wheeler (SIAM J. Math. Anal., 2022) to more singular velocities, filling an open gap in the range of $\alpha$.
Early‐Time Solution of the Horizontal Unconfined Aquifer in the Buildup Phase

We derive the early‐time solution of the Boussinesq equation for the horizontal unconfined aquifer in the buildup phase under constant recharge and zero inflow. The solution is expressed as a power series of a suitable similarity variable, which is constructed so that to satisfy the boundary conditions at both ends of the aquifer, that is, it is a polynomial approximation of the exact solution. The series turns out to be asymptotic and it is regularized by resummation techniques that are used to define divergent series. The outflow rate in this regime is linear in time, and the (dimensionless) coefficient is calculated to eight significant figures. The local error of the series is quantified by its deviation from satisfying the self‐similar Boussinesq equation at every point. The local error turns out to be everywhere positive, hence, so is the integrated error, which in turn quantifies the degree of convergence of the series to the exact solution.
Respiratory and Urinary Tract Infections, Arthritis, and Asthma Associated with HTLV-I and HTLV-II Infection

Human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I and -II) cause myelopathy; HTLV-I, but not HTLV-II, causes adult T-cell leukemia. Whether HTLV-II is associated with other diseases is unknown. Using survival analysis, we studied medical history data from a prospective cohort of HTLV-I– and HTLV-II–infected and –uninfected blood donors, all HIV seronegative. A total of 152 HTLV-I, 387 HTLV-II, and 799 uninfected donors were enrolled and followed for a median of 4.4, 4.3, and 4.4 years, respectively. HTLV-II participants had significantly increased incidences of acute bronchitis (incidence ratio [IR] = 1.68), bladder or kidney infection (IR = 1.55), arthritis (IR = 2.66), and asthma (IR = 3.28), and a borderline increase in pneumonia (IR = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98 to 3.38). HTLV-I participants had significantly increased incidences of bladder or kidney infection (IR = 1.82), and arthritis (IR = 2.84). We conclude that HTLV-II infection may inhibit immunologic responses to respiratory infections and that both HTLV-I and -II may induce inflammatory or autoimmune reactions.
Household responses to adverse income shocks: Pensioner out-migration and mortality in South Africa

How do poor households respond to the cessation of cash transfers in developing countries? South Africa's generous social pension system results in most of the poor elderly being the primary `breadwinner' in the household. I estimate the magnitude of the changes in household composition and labour force activity amongst the resident members of the household, that correlate with a pensioner leaving the household. I use nationally representative matched panel data from several waves of the South African Labour Force Surveys. Compositional changes include the out-migration of school-aged children, and in-migration of middle aged females and older adults of either gender. More than 1 in 4 losing households get an additional older adult. For people who maintain their residency status across waves, I find large and statistically significant increases in employment rates for middle aged females and males (9.3 and 8.1 percentage points in each case), as well as for older adult females and males (10.3 percentage points in each case). For middle aged adults, this is not accompanied by a corresponding increase in labour supply