Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide association study of resistance to PstS2 and Warrior races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (stripe rust) in bread wheat landraces

Stripe or yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici is a major threat to bread wheat production worldwide. The breakdown in resistance of certain major genes and newly emerging aggressive races of stripe rusts pose serious concerns in all main wheat growing areas of the world. To identify new sources of resistance and associated QTL for effective utilization in future breeding programs an association mapping (AM) panel comprising of 600 bread wheat landraces collected from eight different countries conserved at ICARDA gene bank were evaluated for seedling and adult plant resistance against the PstS2 and Warrior races of stripe rust at the Regional Cereal Rust Research Center (RCRRC), Izmir, Turkey during 2016, 2018 and 2019. A set of 25,169 informative SNP markers covering the whole genome were used to examine the population structure, linkage disequilibrium and marker‐trait associations in the AM panel. The genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was carried out using a Mixed Linear Model (MLM). We identified 47 SNP markers across 19 chromosomes with significant SNP‐trait associations for both seedling stage and adult plant resistance. The threshold of significance for all SNP‐trait associations was determined by the false discovery rate (q) ≤ 0.05. Three genomic regions (QYr.1D_APR, QYr.3A_seedling and QYr.7D_seedling) identified in this study do not correspond to previously reported Yr genes or QTL, suggesting new genomic regions for stripe rust resistance.
Identification of Core Genes Involved in the Metastasis of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Introduction Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common malignancies globally, among which clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for 85–90% of all pathological types. This study aims to screen out potential genes in metastatic ccRCC so as to provide novel insights for ccRCC treatment. Methods GSE53757 and GSE84546 datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were profiled to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from ccRCC samples with or without metastasis. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the gene ontology (GO) analysis were performed to analyze pathway enrichment and functional annotation of DEGs. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and survival analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical values of the identified hub genes. In vitro loss-of-function assays were performed to explore the biological roles of these genes. Results The bioinformatic analysis indicated that 312 DEGs were identified, including 148 upregulated genes and 164 downregulated ones. Using PPI and Cytoscape, 10 hub genes were selected (C3, CXCR4, CCl4, ACKR3, KIF20A, CCNB2, CDCA8, CCL28, S1PR5, and CCL20) from DEGs which might be closely related with ccRCC metastasis. In Kaplan–Meier analysis, three potential prognostic biomarkers (KIF20A, CCNB2 and CDCA8) were identified. Finally, cell proliferative and invasive assays further verified that KIF20A, CCNB2 and CDCA8 were associated with the proliferation and invasion of ccRCC cells. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that metastatic ccRCC was partially attributed to the aberrant expression of KIF20A, CCNB2 and CDCA8, and more personalized therapeutic approaches should be explored targeting these hub genes.
The effect of board of directors’ expertise and tax avoidance on corporate debt

: We find that there is no association between financially expert outside directors on the board and corporate debt. However, we do find a positive association between the proportion of financially expert inside directors on the board and debt. We also find that the debt-substitution effect is significantly intensified by the presence of outside directors on the board with financial expertise, which suggests that the advice offered by these directors better informs managers to make decisions about the trade-off between the benefits and costs of debt and non-debt tax shields. We find no such effect for inside directors. Abstract: This study examines the effect of board of directors’ expertise and tax avoidance on corporate debt. We find that there is no association between financially expert outside directors on the board and corporate debt which is contrary to some prior research findings (e.g., Booth and Deli, 1999; Guner et al. , 2008). However, we do find a positive association between the proportion of financially expert inside directors on the board and debt. We also find that the debt-substitution effect is significantly intensified by the presence of outside directors on the board with financial expertise, which suggests that the advice offered by these directors better informs managers to make decisions about the trade-off between the benefits and costs of debt and non-debt tax shields. We find no such effect for inside directors. Overall, this study extends the literature on corporate governance, tax avoidance and corporate debt.
Functional division and location choices of Chinese outward FDI: The case of ICT firms

This study analyzes how political factors, cultural and geographical distance, and agglomeration affect the distribution of Chinese outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) through a study of information and communication technologies (ICT) firms using nested logit models. The results show that ownership, Chinese ethnic networks, and sectoral agglomeration are the most important factors. Political risk does not have a consistent effect on OFDI, state-owned enterprises are inclined to invest in countries with a higher level of political risk. We also find that various functions display different locational preferences and that there is a clear trend toward vertical agglomeration among various functions. By integrating place-based political institutions and space-based cultural and geographical distance into the research, our study unfolds the complexity of location decisions regarding Chinese OFDI. It highlights the importance of national, industrial, and functional idiosyncrasies in determining OFDI location choices.
Numerical analysis of damping induced by impulse turbines for wave energy conversion

The oscillating water column (OWC) based wave energy devices require a turbine for the conversion of wave energy to electrical energy. Customarily, Wells and impulse turbines have been widely accepted for this energy conversion. However, the damping (i.e. the pressure drop developed based on volume flow rate) induced by the turbine significantly influences the performance of the OWC. The present study involves two different impulse turbines that is, reference and optimized. Initially, the reference turbine was numerically validated with two different turbulence models (k-ε and SST). It was found that the SST predicted better than k-ε in terms of flow separation and efficiency. This numerical methodology was extended to the optimized turbine and detailed flow physics has been presented in this article. Furthermore, both the turbines were compared in terms of pressure drop, turbine pressure coefficient, and turbine damping coefficient. It was observed that the induced damping by the optimized turbine is less than the reference turbine. Finally, different diameters were arrived from the optimized turbine by the principle of dynamic similarity to match with an available optimum range of damping.
Forecasting the Permanent Loss of Lake Ice in the Northern Hemisphere Within the 21st Century

Lake ice cover is essential to conserving the global freshwater supply for the 50 million lakes that freeze each winter. Here, we ask when lakes across the Northern Hemisphere may permanently lose ice cover. A K‐means cluster analysis from 31 lakes identified four clusters of lakes vulnerable to losing ice cover, including shallow and deep lakes in regions where winter air temperatures hover ∼0 °C and larger and deeper lakes in colder regions. By the end of this century, we estimate that up to 5,679 lakes of 1.35 million HydroLAKES may permanently lose ice cover if greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) continue to be emitted at current levels. In the Northern Hemisphere, lakes in southern and coastal regions, some of which are among the largest lakes in the world and in close proximity to large human populations, are the most vulnerable to permanently losing ice.
Long Non-Coding RNA HCG11 Aggravates Osteosarcoma Carcinogenesis via Regulating the microRNA-579/MMP13 Axis

Background Previous studies have suggested that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were involved in tumorigenesis of various human carcinomas, including osteosarcoma (OS). However, the expression and specific role of lncRNA HLA complex group 11 (HCG11) in OS remain unknown. The current study aimed at revealing the role of lncRNA HCG11 and its related mechanism in OS. Methods lncRNA HCG11 expression was verified with RT-qPCR followed by sub-localization determination. LncRNA-microRNA (miRNA) and miRNA–mRNA interactions were predicted by online bioinformatics websites. Validation was performed using dual-luciferase reporter gene assays, and gain- and loss-of-function experiments. The effects of lncRNA HCG11, miR-579 and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) on the proliferation, migration and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of OS cells were detected using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell assays and Western blot analysis. Results LncRNA HCG11 overexpression was observed in OS tissues and cell lines. Downregulation of lncRNA HCG11/MMP13 or overexpression of miR-579 blocked the progression of OS cells. LncRNA HCG11, which is located in the cytoplasm, promoted MMP13 expression through sponging miR-579. Conclusion LncRNA HCG11 might be beneficial for OS aggravation via sponging miR-579 and facilitating MMP13 expression, which represents a candidate biomarker and target for OS therapy.
Thermal unimolecular decomposition of 1,3,5‐trioxane: Comparison of theory and experiment

The unimolecular decomposition of 1,3,5-trioxane into three formaldehyde molecules has been studied thermally at eight temperatures between 523 and 603 K using mixtures highly diluted with Ar. Under these conditions, the only decomposition product detected by means of FTIR analysis was formaldehyde. At 588 K, the effect of total pressure was examined between 25 and 800 torr; a noticeable decline in the first-order rate constant was observed only at pressures below 500 torr. A least-squares analysis of the measured high-pressure, first-order rate constants leads to This result differs significantly from earlier data on the reaction, but it compares closely with the theoretical value: computed with the transition-state theory using the molecular and TST parameters predicted by the BAC–MP4 method.
The Effect of Application of The Brain-Based Learning (BBL) Approach on The Connection Ability of Students

How to cite this article: Fitri, A. , & Zaeni, A. (2020). The Effect of Application of The Brain-Based Learning (BBL) Approach on The Connection Ability of Students. Eduma : Mathematics Education Learning And Teaching, 9(2), 66 78. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.24235/eduma.v9i2. 7373
Risk Factors of Recurrent Retinal Detachment Following Surgical Treatment for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: A Retrospective Study

Objective To identify potential risk factors for recurrent retinal detachment after surgical treatment for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with choroidal detachment (RRD-CD) in a Chinese population. Methods A total of 1212 patients with RRD-CD admitted to Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2004 to 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. The rate of recurrent retinal detachment was calculated, and risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. Results The average age of the patients was 48.51 years, 760 patients (62.7%) were male, and 630 patients (52.0%) had right eye disease. The recurrence rate in the same eye was 21.3%. The incidence of recurrence retinal detachment was higher in patients who were male, middle age, and with poor preoperative vision, longer axial length, and scleral buckling. Recurrence usually occurred 3 months after surgery. Conclusion Male, middle age, longer axial length, and scleral buckling could be risk factors for recurrent retinal detachment following surgical treatment in patients with RRD-CD.
Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) Coupled with Chemometrics, to Control the Botanical Authenticity and Quality of Cold-Pressed Functional Oils Commercialized in Romania

Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared ppectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) proved to be a reliable, rapid, and easy-to-use technique to evaluate vegetable oils quality and authenticity. The spectral range of the middle infrared region (MIR) of FTIR spectra, from 4000 to 600 cm−1, has been commonly used to fingerprint specific functional groups of lipids and their modified forms induced by oxidation of thermal treatment. The applicability of FTIR-MIR spectroscopy in assessing oil fingerprinting and quality parameters is crucially dependent on the chemometric methods, including calibrations with authentic samples. We report here the evaluation of seven types of cold-pressed functional oils (sunflower, pumpkin, hempseed, soybean, walnut, linseed, sea buckthorn) produced in Romania, provided directly from small enterprises (as genuine, process-controlled authentic samples) comparative to commercialized samples. Concomitantly, olive oils of similar claimed quality were investigated. The ATR-FTIR-MIR data were complemented by UV–Vis spectral fingerprints and multivariate analysis using Unscrambler X.10. 4 and Metaboanalyst 4.0 software (e.g., PCA, PLSDA, cluster analysis, heatmap, Random forest analysis) and ANOVA post-hoc analysis using Fischer’s least significant difference. The integration of spectral and chemometric analysis proved to offer valuable criteria for their botanical group recognition, individual authenticity, and quality, easy to be applied for large cohorts of commercialized oils.
Iterative micro-tomography of biopsy samples from truncated projections with quantitative gray values

Three-dimensional reconstruction from truncated two-dimensional projections cannot be solved analytically without prior knowledge of the sample or access to the non-truncated projections. To suppress reconstruction artifacts in region of interest (ROI) or local tomography, an iterative algorithm has been devised based on back-projection and re-projection, assuming an approximately cylindrical shape of the entire sample of general homogeneity, which is especially applicable for micro-tomography of biopsy samples from biological tissue. Tomographic reconstruction is iteratively refined by minimizing the mismatch between an empty ROI and the reconstruction from the difference between measured sinogram and forward projected ROI reconstruction. By numerical simulation and experimental demonstration, it is shown that the algorithm is not only able to reconstruct quantitative gray values, but also to reduce artifacts of peripheral glow, and may lead to increased image sharpness. The method is particularly suitable for examination of biopsy/autopsy-samples of soft tissue by micro/nano-computed tomography.
An Investigation into Direct Selling: Information Flow and Supply Chain Structure

Amid the rapid development of technology, an increasing number of suppliers sell directly as well as through the retail channel, competing with retailers in the market with uncertain demand. Each firm has exclusive access to a signal useful in updating market forecast. The quality of the signal received exclusively by a supplier is low when it adheres to the retail channel but improves after it engages in direct selling. Firms communicate signals along two directions. Competing suppliers or retailers may exchange signals in between, while suppliers may acquire retailers’ signals with payments. A firm can voluntarily share its undisclosed signals—including its exclusive signal and the signals received from information flow—with other firms through vertical interactions as per the specified decision sequence. Firms rely on available signals to decide prices and quantities. Direct selling by suppliers produces structure and information effects. The structure effect arises as suppliers gain flexibility in balancing sales across channels. The information effect arises as suppliers receive exclusive signals of improved quality and initiate signal acquisition from retailers, influencing the availability and utilization of signals among firms in responsive decision making. Channel structure, competition intensity, and cost of direct sales are important factors affecting suppliers’ incentive for direct selling and the magnitude of the arising structure and information effects on firms’ profit performance.
Investigating Roles of Self-Efficacy on Mobile Games Adoption in Indonesia

The gaming industry has become one of the most promising markets, and playing a game is also has been considered as the best leisure and entertainment activities in the last few decades. Understanding how consumers within the market behave is important to decide the best marketing strategy to be applied to achieve a competitive advantage in the market. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has been widely used to examine the adoption of technology and/or information system-related products. This study's main purpose is to investigate player’s intention to play games on a mobile platform in Indonesia. We predict self-efficacy as the keys determinant factor that could affect player’s adoption of mobile games. Data calculation conducted by utilizing SmartPLS 3.2. The finding of this study proved that self-efficacy is a strong determinant of players’ mobile game adoption. Besides, we found interesting results in which perceived ease of use and attitude toward use did not have a significant direct effect on players’ intention to play mobile games. Theoretically, this study provides an integrated conceptual model to explain the role of self-efficacy on mobile game adoption. Strategically, this study results could help mobile game marketers to build the best marketing strategy for their targeted players.
Effects of Inflow Condition on RANS and LES Predictions of the Flow around a High-Rise Building

An increasing number of engineering applications require accurate predictions of the flow around buildings to guarantee performance and safety. This paper investigates the effects of variations in the turbulent inflow, as predicted in different numerical simulations, on the flow pattern prediction around buildings, compared to wind tunnel tests. Turbulence characteristics were assessed at several locations around a model square high-rise building, namely, above the roof region, at the pedestrian level, and in the wake. Both Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS, where turbulence is fully modelled) equations and large-eddy simulation (LES, where turbulence is partially resolved) were used to model an experimental setup providing validation for the roof region. The performances of both techniques were compared in ability to predict the flow features. It was found that RANS provides reliable results in regions of the flow heavily influenced by the building model, and it is unreliable where the flow is influenced by ambient conditions. In contrast, LES is generally reliable, provided that a suitable turbulent inflow is included in the simulation. RANS also benefits when a turbulent inflow is provided in simulations. In general, LES should be the methodology of choice if engineering applications are involved with the highly separated and turbulent flow features around the building, and RANS provides reliable information when regions of high wind speed and low turbulence are investigated.
The Violation of Maxims in Indonesian Speech of Mental Retardation Child

This article aims to describe the violations of the maxims in the Indonesian speech of mentally retarded children. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. The data source of this study is one mild mental retardation child. The data of this research are words, phrases, and sentences that contain violations of the maxims in the principle of cooperation. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, stimulating, recording, and field recording. Data collection procedures in this study include entering the field, making observations, recording speeches, transcribing field records, entering data in tables, validating data that has been collected. In analyzing the data, a pragmatic equivalent analysis method is used. Data analysis procedures in this study are reducing data, presenting data, interpreting data, and concluding. In analyzing the data, a pragmatic equivalent analysis method is used. Data analysis procedures in this study are reducing data, presenting data, interpreting data, and concluding. The results of the data analysis of this study are the maxima violation that most children with mental retardation are the maxim of relations. That is because the research subject often changes the topic of speech. The research subject often changes the topic because he is not interested in talking about topics.
The Value of Metacognitive Control Training in Enhancing Moroccan EFL Learners’ Reading Process in Tertiary Education

The present study, drawing on a quasi-experimental design, is geared towards probing into the value of the delivery of metacognitive control training in improving English as a foreign language (EFL) learners‟ performance in textual reading at the university level. To investigate this issue at length, two EFL first-semester groups majoring in English studies were selected as the main respondents. The treatment group trained in metacognitive control consists of sixty-three (n=63) students and the non-treatment group receiving no training is comprised of fifty (n=50) students. These two groups were presented with both a narrative and an expository reading text at the preand post-intervention phase along the continuum of the semester (Semester One) and were administered a „self-report questionnaire‟ at each phase. The findings feature that the treatment group reflected a more significant measure of improvement in terms of the executive and metacognitive control exercised during the reading process than the non-treatment group did. Thus, the study puts forward the implied view that metacognitive control instruction with regard to reading comprehension is to be embedded in the university curriculum for the optimization of the learners‟ reading process.
On the Influence of the Current Feedback to the Atmosphere on the Western Mediterranean Sea Dynamics

The ocean Current FeedBack to the atmosphere (CFB) has been shown to be an unambiguous physical process to achieve proper equilibrium in the Ocean. However, its effects on the Western Mediterranean Sea (WMS) are not known. In this study, eddy-rich coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations are carried out for the WMS to assess the extent to which CFB alters the WMS circulation and to characterize the low-level wind and surface stress responses to CFB. By generating conduits of energy from oceanic currents to the atmosphere, CFB slows the mean circulation by about 10% and acts as an oceanic eddy killer, reducing the mesoscale activity by 25% and attenuating the intensity of their intermittency. It also alters the mean barotropic vorticity balance of the WMS Gyre, reducing the role of wind stress curl, nonlinear torque, and bottom pressure torque. By reducing the eddy-mean flow interaction, CFB has a large influence on the properties of the Algerian Current, reducing the presence of standing eddies near Sardinia and improving the realism of the circulation. It also modifies the Alboran Gyres formation and the Northern Current retroflection. Finally, coupling coefficients from the