Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparation, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Eudragit S100-Coated Bile Salt-Containing Liposomes for Oral Colonic Delivery of Budesonide

The aim of this study was to prepare a liposomal formulation of a model drug (budesonide) for colonic delivery by incorporating a bile salt (sodium glycocholate, SGC) into liposomes followed by coating with a pH-responsive polymer (Eudragit S100, ES100). The role of the SGC is to protect the liposome from the emulsifying effect of physiological bile salts, while that of ES100 is to protect the liposomes from regions of high acidity and enzymatic activity in the stomach and small intestine. Vesicles containing SGC were prepared by two preparation methods (sonication and extrusion), and then coated by ES100 (ES100-SGC-Lip). ES100-SGC-Lip showed a high entrapment efficiency (>90%) and a narrow size distribution (particle size = 275 nm, polydispersity index < 0.130). The characteristics of liposomes were highly influenced by the concentration of incorporated SGC. The lipid/polymer weight ratio, liposome charge, liposome addition, and mixing rate were critical factors for efficient and uniform coating. In vitro drug release studies in various simulated fluids indicate a pH-dependent dissolution of the coating layer, and the disintegration process of ES100-SGC-Lip was evaluated. In conclusion, the bile salt-containing ES100-coated liposomal formulation has potential for effective oral colonic drug delivery.
An Analysis of Secondary School Students' Empathy Skills in terms of Student- and School-Related Variables

This study aims to examine the empathy skills of secondary school students in terms of some selected variables at the student and school levels. The study group of the research, which was structured as a correlational survey, consisted of 1010 eighth-grade students attending 29 schools selected by random sampling in the province of Uşak during the 2021-2022 school year. The HLM 8 student version was used in the analysis of the data collected via Google Form. 80% of the difference in empathy scores was found to stem from the student-related variables and 20% from the school-level variables. A positive and significant relationship between the number of books read and gender variable and empathy scores was also identified, and it was concluded that as the number of books read by students increased, their empathy scores increased as well, and the girls had higher empathy scores than the boys. In addition, a negative significant relationship was found between the duration of daily internet use and empathy scores. While no significant relationship between school type and empathy was identified, students at secondary schools located in city centers were observed to have higher empathy scores than those located in small towns.
Analysis of diagnostic testing of sustained casing pressure in wells

Over 8,000 wells in the Gulf of Mexico exhibit sustained casing pressure (SCP). SCP is defined as “any measurable casing pressure that rebuilds after being bled down, attributable to cause(s) other than artificially applied pressures or temperature fluctuations in the well”. The Minerals Management Service (MMS) regulations consider SCP hazardous and, in principle, require its elimination. In some cases the agency may allow continuing production at a well with SCP by granting a temporary “departure” permit. The departure permits are based on diagnostic tests involving pressure bleed-down through a 0.5-inch needle valve followed by closing the valve and recording pressure buildup for 24 hours. Presently, analysis of testing data is mostly qualitative and limited to arbitrary criteria. This work provides theory, mathematical models and software needed for qualitative analysis of SCP tests. SCP occurs due to the loss of well’s external integrity causing gas inflow from a high-pressure formation into the well’s annulus. Then, the gas migrates upward through a leaking cement sheath, percolates through the mud column and accumulates above the liquid level inside the gas cap. The study identified two scenarios of gas flow in the liquid column: rapid percolation through low-viscosity Newtonian fluid; and, slow ascendance of gas bubble swarms in viscous, non-Newtonian mud. The two scenarios have been mathematically modeled and theoretically studied. The first model assumes rapid percolation and ignores gas entrainment in the liquid column. Simulation showed that early pressure buildup was controlled by mud compressibility, annular conductivity, and gas cap volume while formation pressure
The Senologic International Society Survey on Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Present and Future.

Objective Therapeutic management of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is heterogeneous among countries worldwide, and some treatment indications are still controversial. To investigate DCIS management in different countries; identify both consensual practices and controversial topics; and survey opinions about the future management of DCIS. Materials and Methods The Senologic International Society network members participated to an online survey using a questionnaire, between November 2021 and February 2022. Results Twenty-two responses from 20 different countries showed that organized breast cancer screening programs were present for 87% participants, and DCIS cases represented 13.7% of all breast cancers. Most participants used the grade classification (100%), the morphological classification (78%) and performed immunohistochemistry assays (73%). In case of conservative treatment, the mean re-excision rate was 10.3% and clear margins of mean 2.5 mm were considered healthy. Radical mastectomy rate was 35.5% with a breast reconstruction rate of 53%. Tumor bed boost indications were heterogeneous, and 73% of participants indicated hormone therapy for hormone-positive DCIS. Surgery and radiotherapy omission for some low-risk DCIS were considered by 73% of participants. Multigene assays were used by 43% of participants. Concerning future changes in DCIS management, participants mostly answered surgical de-escalation (48%), radiotherapy de-escalation (35) and/or active surveillance for some cases (22%). Conclusion This survey provided an overview of the current practices of DCIS management worldwide. It showed that some areas are rather consensual: incidence increases over time, treatment in young women, pathological classifications, definition of healthy margins, the skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction. However, some topics are still debated and result in heterogeneous practices, such as evolution in the age of diagnosis, the benefit of de-escalation in low-risk DCIS among elderly women, indications for hormone therapy, radiotherapy omission, or multigene assays. Further evidence is needed to reach consensus on these points, and innovative approaches are still under evaluation in clinical trials. The International Senologic Society, by its members, encourages precision medicine and personalized treatments for DCIS, to avoid overtreatment and overdiagnosis, and provide better healthcare to women with DCIS.
Forecast Coral Bleaching by Machine Learnings of Remotely Sensed Geospatial Data

With the rapid changes in Earth climates, coral bleaching has been spreading worldwide and getting much severe. It is considered an imminent threat to marine animals as well as causing adverse impacts on fisheries and tourisms. Environmental agencies in affected regions have been made aware of the problem and hence starting to contain coral bleaching. Thus far, they often rely on conventional site survey to determine suitable sites to intervene and commence coral reef reviving process. With the recent advances in remote sensing technology, sea surface temperature (SST), acquired by satellites, has become a viable delegate to coral bleaching. Predicting coral bleaching based solely on SST is limited, as it is only one of many determinants. In addition, areas with different SST levels also exhibit different bleaching characteristics. Hence, area specific models are important for appropriately monitoring the events. Thus far, forecasting the bleaching based on SST alone has limited accuracy, because other disregarded factors are found equally influential. These are turbidity, salinity, and wind speed. Taken into account these geospatial factors, this paper evaluates different machine learning (ML) algorithms, on forecasting coral bleaching levels. Compared with official survey data, it was found that random forest (RF) gave the most accurate results, with accuracy and Kappa of 88.24% and 0.83, respectively. To further assist involved agencies in making data driven solutions to this problem, mapping forecasted by RF were visualized on a web application, implemented with Python and the most recent web frameworks and database systems. The proposed scheme could be extended to modelling coral bleaching in other areas, hence greatly reducing delayed in data acquisition and survey costs.
Ionic Liquid-Cured Epoxy/PCL Blends with Improved Toughness and Adhesive Properties

In this work, ionic liquid (IL)-cured epoxy resins were modified by adding poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Three different ILs were used in order to study how (a) the chemical structure of the ILs and (b) the PCL content affect the phase behaviour, microstructure, mechanical and adhesive properties. Regardless of the IL used or the PCL content, the obtained materials showed a single phase. The addition of PCL to the epoxy resin resulted in plasticizing of the network blends, lower glass transition temperatures (Tg), and crosslinking densities (νe). Low PCL contents did not have a significant impact on the mechanical properties. However, the adhesive properties improved significantly at low PCL contents. Higher PCL contents led to a significant increase in toughness, especially in the case of the imidazolium-based IL. The balance achieved between the mechanical and adhesive properties of these IL-cured epoxy/PCL blends constitutes an important step towards sustainability. This is because a biodegradable polymer (PCL) was used to substitute part of the epoxy resin, and the ILs—which are non-volatile and cure effectively at much lower contents—were used instead of conventional curing agents. Given the wide use of this kind of materials in the adhesive industry, the practical significance of these results must be emphasised.
Histopathological and histochemical study of mastitis in sheep

Ovine mastitis is considered one of the problems that cause economic losses through its impact on milk production, which is unfit for human consumption. The current study aimed to shed light on mastitis in sheep in different areas of Mosul city. The results of the recent study showed the presence of mammary macroscopic and microscopic changes. Macroscopic changes were represented by the large size of the udder and changes in the color and texture, as well as clarity of sloughing and desquamation of the skin with clear exudation, especially in advanced cases. On the other hand, other samples showed the presence of hard nodules on the udders. In contrast, the histological changes represented by degenerative and necrotic changes 3.5%, and 21.4% of the sample appeared to suffer from liquefactive necrosis and abscesses infiltrated with inflammatory cells, 25% of the samples infected with granulomatous mastitis (nodular mastitis), other models showed that the udder infected with atrophy and metaplasia in the rate of 21%, thickening of the blood vessel wall with clot represented 14.2% and the deposition of calcium salt was 14.2%. The current study concludes that mastitis in sheep is widespread in sheep raised in different areas of Mosul city.
Quality assessment of volunteered geographic information for outdoor activities: an analysis of OpenStreetMap data for names of peaks in Japan

ABSTRACT Geographical studies of outdoor activities have increased in recent years with the rise in popularity of these activities worldwide, including in Japan. Volunteered geographic information (VGI) is a key tool for organizing outdoor activities as it offers a means to determine the locational information and names of places. To evaluate the quality of VGI, geospatial data generated by land survey agencies and other VGI are often utilized as reference data. However, since these reference data may not be available, other methods are necessary to assure the quality of VGI. In this study, we examined five trust indicators based on the inherent characteristics of VGI through an empirical case study. We used mountain names extracted from OpenStreetMap in Japan as data because there were almost no other VGI in the vicinity. As a result, we isolated three trust indicators, namely versions, users, and tag corrections, to examine the thematic accuracy of VGI because these were the only statistically significant indicators. However, we found that the prediction rate of thematic accuracy was very low. To improve thematic accuracy, this study recommends using the most accurate versions, applying correctly given tags, and considering the motivations and characteristics of the VGI contributors.
The Health Effects of a Cherokee Grounded Culture and Leadership Program

Introduction: Indigenous youth and young adults endure some of the highest rates of physical and mental health problems in the United States compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts. Colonization, oppression, and discrimination play a substantial role in these inequitable disease rates. However, culture (e.g., identity, participation, and connection) relates to the prevention of and recovery from illness in Indigenous populations. The Remember the Removal program aims to teach Indigenous youth and young adults tribally specific culture, history, and language to put them on a trajectory to become informed and culturally connected community leaders. We examined the program’s effects on health. Method: Thirty Remember the Removal program participants, mainly young adults, completed surveys four times: before the program’s start, at the end of the training period, at the program’s end, and at a six-month follow-up. Various indicators of physical, mental, spiritual, and cultural health and well-being were measured at each time period. Paired t-tests were completed to compare baseline scores to each subsequent time interval. Results: At program completion, and as indicated with an asterisk at the six month follow-up, participants had statistically significantly improved diet and exercise measures (e.g., reduced sugary, salty, and fatty foods, reduced soda consumption, increased fruit consumption, and improved self-efficacy for exercise), improved mental health indicators (e.g., reduced stress, anxiety, depression*, anger*, post-traumatic stress disorder, and microaggressions*, and improved positive mental health) and improved social and cultural connection (e.g., social support, Cherokee identity*, Cherokee values). Discussion: This is one of the first quantitative studies to demonstrate the profound effects that cultural learning and connection have on the health and well-being of Indigenous people and practices. It also demonstrates the specificity and effectiveness of a program created by and for tribal citizens. Future programs with Indigenous populations should work to center cultural connection and ensure that programs are created and directed by tribal community members.
Wound healing effect of snakehead fish (Channa striata) mucus containing transdermal patch

Snakehead fish (Channa striata) has a high albumin content which contributes to the formation of new tissues in wound healing. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the patch for transdermal delivery containing albumin from snakehead fish mucus in wound healing of diabetic Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). The albumin content in the snakehead fish mucus was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The patch was formulated by three different snakehead fish mucus extracts (1%, 3%, and 5%), and their physicochemical properties were determined. Wound healing was evaluated toward normal and diabetic rats. All data were analyzed by statistical analysis. The results showed that albumin content in the mucus extract was 27.73 μg/l. Organoleptic properties evaluation showed a brown color patch with a smooth surface and homogeneous weight. The pH and moisture were within the requirement of the patch. The activity of the positive control group, formula F(+), showed no significant difference from the action of formula F3 on the eighth day of treatment. These data indicate that the formulation of patch transdermal containing snakehead fish mucus extract is prominent to be developed for the wound healing treatment of diabetic ulcers.
HUBUNGAN SELF CONFIDENCE DENGAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA

Latar belakang masalah pada penelitian ini adalah rendahnya self confidence yang mengakibatkan tidak percaya dengan kemampuan yang dimilikinya sehingga kemampuan komunikasi matematisnya rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan antara self confidence dengan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa tahun ajaran 2021/2022 di SMA Negeri 1 Kawali. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei dan jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X IPA SMA Negeri 1 Kawali sebanyak 216 siswa. Dalam penelitian ini sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 140 siswa dengan mengggunakan rumus Slovin. Dalam penelitian, variabel penelitiannya yaitu self confidence sebagai variabel X dan kemampuan komunikasi matematis sebagai variabel Y. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket untuk mengukur self confidence, tes digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan komunikasi matematis. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji validitas dengan rumus perhitungan Product Moment Pearson, reliabilitas dengan rumus perhitungan Cronbach’s Alpha, indeks kesukaran dan daya pembeda menggunakan anatesv4. Kemudian dilakukan uji prasyarat yaitu uji normalitas Kolmogorov-Smirnow, uji koefisien korelasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu korelasi product moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara self confidence dengan kemampuan komunikasi matematis dengan nilai koefisien korelasinya sebesar 0,567 dengan kategori cukup kuat.Kata kunci: Self Confidence, Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis
Energy Losses Due to Air Admission in Hydroturbines

Admission of air at the exit of a hydroturbine runner is an attractive technique for raising dissolved oxygen levels downstream of a hydro plant. The air admission, however, is generally accompanied by a loss in turbine efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to identify and determine the magnitude of the major efficiency loss mechanisms. It is argued that the bulk of the losses occur in the draft tube, not in the runner itself. The analysis is supported by data obtained at the Tennessee Valley Authority's (TVA) Norris Hydro Plant. The implications of this analysis for scaling and physical model testing of vented turbines are also discussed.
Advanced Thermodynamic Measurements as Degradation Tracking Technique in Lithium-Ion Cells

The applicability of thermodynamic measurements as a degradation tracking technique for lithium-ion cells is investigated. For this purpose, the method was improved regarding accuracy and measurement time and compared to established characterisation methods as differential voltage analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. To validate the results of the conducted ageing study, a post-mortem analysis of the investigated cells concludes the work.
Weight (Mis)perceptions and Sexual Behavior Among U.S. Emerging Adults

The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between weight misperception, age at first intercourse, and lifetime number of sex partners. We used Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 11,522; 53.7% female), collected in 2001–2002. Results show that men who underestimate their weight have more lifetime sexual partners compared to men who accurately assess their weight. Women who underestimate their weight had fewer sexual partners and a higher age at first intercourse compared to women who accurately assess their weight. White participants who overestimated their weight had an earlier age of first intercourse, African Americans who underestimated their weight had more sexual partners, and weight misperception was not related to sexual behaviors among Hispanic and Asian participants. These findings suggest that weight underestimation’s relationship to sexual behaviors may differ by gender and race.
Life in the fast lane: feeding and growth of juvenile steelhead and Chinook Salmon in mainstem habitats of the Columbia River Estuary

Very little is known about the ecology of juvenile Paci ﬁ c salmon Oncorhynchus spp. that rapidly traverse estuaries. For these species and life history types, main-stem habitats are thought to largely function as migratory corridors rather than as productive habitats that support feeding or growth, although little research has focused on this issue. This is especially true in the highly modi ﬁ ed Columbia River estuary, where it is unclear whether fast-migrating salmon bene ﬁ t from extensive tidal marsh restoration. To address this de ﬁ cit, we sampled migratory juvenile steelhead O. mykiss and Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha at locations spread across nearly 200 km of the Columbia River estuary. Our results demonstrated that these juvenile salmon were actively feeding and growing as they moved down-stream; dominant prey included chironomids, other insects, and corophiid and gammarid amphipods. We also observed variation in diet composition and quantity between years, which was likely associated with the highly contrasting river conditions. Insulin-like growth factor 1 hormone levels and the size of juvenile salmon increased as the ﬁ sh moved downstream, suggesting that prey quality and quantity were suf ﬁ cient to fuel rapid growth, which may increase survival in marine waters. Our results have direct management implications for habitat restoration and
Strategies Employing Prospective Primary Education Teachers in a Functional Relationship Task

Background : The early algebra curricular proposal seeks to promote algebraic thinking from the first educational levels. Functional thinking is an approach intended to promote algebraic thinking in students. At present, various curricular programs include notions related to this thinking. However, this type of thinking has had little influence on prospective teachers, thus arising the need to investigate how they approach tasks to prepare them adequately for their teaching. Objective : To analyse the strategies that prospective Chilean primary education teachers use when they solve a task that implies the generalisation of a functional relationship. Design : We follow a qualitative methodology at an exploratory-descriptive level. Setting and participants : The sample included 18 prospective primary education teachers from a Chilean university. Data collection and analysis : We collected the data through a written test in a group of 18 prospective teachers who were in the first year of training and analysed the data. Results : We highlight the diversity of arithmetic and functional strategies used by prospective teachers. In addition, we highlight their trajectories to solve the task, finding that most of them begin using arithmetic strategies and end using functional strategies. Conclusions : This research will identify the strategies used by prospective primary education teachers and whose data could be useful for the creation of teacher education programs.