Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New chironomid flies in Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Diptera : Chironomidae)

The oldest representatives of the Tanypodinae (Macropelopiini, Pentaneurini and Anatopyniini), Libanopelopia cretacica gen. et sp. n. , Cretapelopia salomea gen. et sp. n. , Wadelius libanicus gen. et sp. n. ; the oldest representative of the Orthocladiinae, Lebanorthocladius furcatus gen. et sp. n. ; and the oldest representatives of the Prodiamesinae, Libanodiamesa deploegi gen. et sp. n. and Cretadiamesa arieli gen. et sp. n. , are described from the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber. The male of the podonomine Libanochlites neocomicus Brundin, previously known only from a female specimen, is described, supporting its allocation to this subfamily. The positions of the previously described Mesozoic taxa attributed to the Chironomidae are discussed. In particular, Gurvanomyia rohdendorfi Hong from the Early Cretaceous of China, and Manlayamyia dabeigouensis Zhang from the Late Jurassic of China are considered as Diptera incertae sedis. The most recent discoveries demonstrate the great antiquity of the recent chironomid subfamilies and tribes and the high morphological stability within this group since the Early Cretaceous.
Steering the Climate System: Using Inertia to Lower the Cost of Policy: Comment

Lemoine and Rudik (2017) argues that it is efficient to delay reducing carbon emissions, due to supposed inertia in the climate system’s response to emissions. This conclusion rests upon misunderstanding the relevant earth system modeling: there is no substantial lag between CO2 emissions and warming. Applying a representation of the earth system that captures the range of responses seen in complex earth system models invalidates the original article’s implications for climate policy. The least-cost policy path that limits warming to 2°C implies that the carbon price starts high and increases at the interest rate. It cannot rely on climate inertia to delay reducing and allow greater cumulative emissions. (JEL H23, Q54, Q58)
Transformation of Learning Management: Integrative Study of Islamic Boarding School Curriculum

The existence of Islamic education e.g. Islamic boarding schools has contributed in in the middle of social lives in Indonesia. Continuously, Islamic boarding schools have developed in accordance with social demand nowadays. Besides, Islamic boarding school education should make adaptation by doing many changes especially in the field of learning management through curriculum integration of Salafiyah and Kholafiyah in order to build Islamic boarding school as central for excellent. Therefore, as an effort to achieve intended goal, observation and interview were conducted to obtain the data regarding with description of learning management especially concerning with Salafiyah and Kholafiyah curriculums at Nabil Husein Islamic boarding school Samarinda. The findings indicate that the value of Islamic boarding school is assumed as a core value of curriculum development as shifting paradigm through Islamic boarding school learning management. That paradigm has correlation with institutional goals of Nabil Husein i.e. as Islamic education main controller with religious and moral values oriented. In addition, graduates of Nabil Husein are expected to master two types of knowledge fields i.e. general and Islamic knowledges with spiritual values, so that Islamic boarding school education graduates are able to integrate among social, emotion, and intelligence quotients. Further implication is also noticed and suggested in this research.
The evolution of cooperation and diversity in public good producing organisms

In a population of altruists, all individuals thrive. But altruists are exploited by cheating individuals which do not perform altruistic acts but still bene t from those. In these conditions cooperation cannot easily evolve. This issue is resolved by kin recognition: altruists recognise each other through the use of a conspicuous tag. These altruists do well until cheaters acquire the signalling tag and disrupt the cooperation. But altruists using a di erent tag can then invade the population, followed by new cheaters. This mechanism can lead to a diversity of tags coexisting in the population. However it has not yet been applied in realistic biological systems. In this thesis, I formulated mathematical and simulation models to investigate the e ect of diversity on the evolutionary dynamics in systems where di erent altruists compete with cheaters. In particular, I focused on organisms producing public goods, i.e. goods that can pro t to the whole population. I considered two biological systems models: gynodioecious populations of plants, where hermaphrodites produce pollen that can be used by female-only individuals, and bacteria producing an iron-chelating molecule, called siderophore, that can be exploited by both producers and non-producers. I found that diversity in gynodioecious plants is dependent on population structure. In particular, I found that the maximal level of diversity occurs when the population structure does not favour altruists or cheaters. Next, I found a number of important results in siderophore-producing bacteria. By considering a detailed ecological model, I derived Hamilton's rule in a metapopulation and found that the level of cooperation in a population depends on the length of interaction between strains. Finally, I discovered a novel evolutionary mechanism generating and maintaining diversity and showed that it results from non-equilibrium mechanisms. These ndings explain why cheaters appear readily in experiments but are rare in natural populations. My results demonstrate the importance of integrating ecological details in order to understand the mechanisms leading to cooperation and diversity, and will provide a basis and framework for future studies on the emergence and maintenance of diversity.
Generalized wave-packet model for studying coherence of matter-wave interferometers.

We present a generalized model for the evolution of atomic wave-packets in matter-wave interferometers. This method provides an efficient tool for analyzing the performance of atomic interferometers using atom clouds prepared in a trap as a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) or as a thermal ensemble. Predictions of the model for dynamic properties such as wave-packet size and phase are in excellent agreement with explicit numerical solutions of the non-linear Gross-Pitaevskii equations and enable fast calculations of interferometric performance in regimes where full numerical solutions become impractical. As a starting point, the static Thomas-Fermi (TF) approximation for a BEC in a harmonic trap is generalized to the whole range of atom-atom interaction strengths: from non-interacting atoms (low densities) to the standard TF limit (high atomic densities, as long as the condensate approximation still holds). In particular, this generalization allows a good estimation of atomic cloud properties along the transition from a three-dimensional to a quasi-one-dimensional BEC in an elongated trap. We then develop a theoretical model of wave-packet evolution in time-dependent conditions. The model is applicable for a wide range of dynamical problems involving evolution in time-dependent potentials and in a changing mean-field atomic repulsion due to splitting and separation of wave-packets. We use the model for studying two effects that influence interferometric coherence: imperfect spatial recombination in a two-state interferometer (the so-called "Humpty-Dumpty effect") and phase diffusion due to number uncertainty in the two interferometer arms, which was previously studied thoroughly only for interferometric schemes where the BECs in the two arms stay trapped (for example, in a double-well potential).
Traveling Wave-Based Transmission Line Earth Fault Distance Protection

This paper proposes a one-terminal traveling wave (TW)-based transmission line earth fault distance protection function. It only needs the detection of the first incident modal earth fault-induced TWs, so that, the challenging detection of wavefronts reflected from the fault point is not required. Both the sampling frequency effect and inaccuracies on the wave propagation velocity are considered in order to define the distance protection zone. Simulated fault records were played back in an actual relay, allowing the comparison between a commercially existing time-domain distance protection element and the proposed one. The proposed function is more accurate and significantly reduces transmission line distance protection tripping times without dependability losses.
Validation of Synthetic U.S. Electric Power Distribution System Data Sets

There is a strong need for synthetic yet realistic distribution system test data sets that are as diverse, large, and complex to solve as real systems. Such data sets can facilitate the development of advanced algorithms and the assessment of emerging distributed energy resources while avoiding the need to acquire proprietary critical infrastructure or private data. Such synthetic data sets, however, are useful only if they are realistic enough to look and behave similarly to actual systems. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for validating synthetic distribution data sets using a three-pronged statistical, operational, and expert validation approach. It also presents a set of statistical and operational metric targets for achieving realistic data sets based on detailed characterization of more than 10,000 real U.S. utility feeders. The paper demonstrates the use of the proposed validation approach to validate three large-scale synthetic data sets developed by the authors representing Santa Fe, New Mexico; Greensboro, North Carolina; and the San Francisco Bay Area, California.
Corporate Governance and Voluntary Disclosure: A Synthesis of Empirical Studies

Abstract Voluntary disclosure (VD) is considered potentially important for efficient functioning of the capital market as it communicates firms’ performance and governance to shareholders and potential investors, which boost their confidence. This article attempts to provide a brief conceptual framework of VD and corporate governance (CG), and also reviews the empirical literature dealing with relationship between them. To this end, the article uses systematic electronic literature search method, which takes into account 65 empirical studies published over the period 1998–2018. An investigation of empirical findings points to some factors that may have contributed toward the apparent inconsistent findings observed to date. In particular, the article focuses on two intervening factors for variation of results—such as CG system and measurement of explanatory variables. The findings suggest that studies mostly from Anglo-Saxon system (ASS) show complementary relationship between different attributes of CG with VD, whereas in case of communitarian system, studies mostly depict an insignificant impact of CG attributes on VD except for few studies showing their positive/negative impact on VD. However, in case of emerging market system (EMS), some studies show substitutive relationship between board independence (BI) and VD while other CG attributes such as board size (BS), (GD), and audit committee independence (ACI) in most of the studies complement VD supporting the resource-based perspective. Furthermore, the association of ownership structure (OS) and role duality (RD) with VD is mixed. Another factor, which is considered to be added to variation of results, is measurement of explanatory variables whereby albeit studies employed same concepts, operational definition of variables intervenes into the relationship between CG and VD. The findings of this article provide some deeper insights about the complementary and substitutive relationships between CG and VD by integrating diverse empirical findings under different research contexts. Future research can extend to analyze some other institutional factors like investors’ protection rights and legal enforcement, which might also have played some role in influencing the relationship between CG and VD. Furthermore, it is also evident from the review that BS and BI are the most commonly studied CG attributes in relation to VD, whereas attributes like GD and ACI, despite their theoretical relevance and practical importance are least studied in relation to VD, thus signaling the need to focus on these attributes in future studies.
PHOTOSYNTHETHIC PARAMETER ASSESSMENT OF CORAL ZOOXANTHELLAE OF Acropora aspera AND Favites abdita USING MAXI I-PAM SYSTEM IN HERON ISLAND, GREAT BARRIER REEF, AUSTRALIA

Zooxanthellae, which reside inside the coral host, have been an essential component in coral ecosystem studies. While residing inside their host, zooxanthellae photosynthesize provide energy and nutrients to coral. Objectives are to observe the impact of increasing light treatment to the coral by studying correlation between photosynthetic parameters and the cell condition of zooxanthellae. Materials used for this research were coral samples of Acropora aspera and Favites abdita, acquired from shallow waters (<2m) in the lagoons of Heron Island, Australia. This research was conducted from the first until the ninth of August 2005. Sample analysis was conducted in Director’s Laboratory at Heron Island Research Station (HIRS),Queensland University, Australia. Samples were obtained with Stratified Random Sampling method. Zooxanthellae parameters measured were cell size, cell density, and chlorophyll concentration per cell. Photosynthetic parameters measured from coral samples were values of Effective PSII Quantum Yield (Y(II)) and Non- Photochemical Quenching (NPQ/4) by using MAXI-Imaging-Pulsed AmplitudeModulation (I-PAM) System with PAR treatments ranging from 0 to 1251 μmol quanta m-2 s-1. I-PAM data were measured using ImagingWin version 1.01 software (Heinz Walz GmbH, Germany), graphs and charts analysis were used to observe the correlation between zooxanthellae and photosynthetic parameters. Results for three colonies of A. aspera and F. abdita had shown fluctuation tendency in Y (II) and NPQ/4 values is a decrement of Y(II) values parallel with the increment of NPQ/4 values; a similar condition was also observed in inter-species comparison. Three colonies of A. aspera show that the value of cell density tends to be proportional to the Y(II) value resistance and NPQ/4 value attainment. Similar results, with the exception of PAR limit reaching 461 μmol quanta m-2 s-1, was also occurred in three colonies of F. abdita. During treatments from 0 until 1251 μmol quanta m-2 s-1 PAR, a two species comparison of A. aspera and F. abdita show that Y(II) value resistance and NPQ/4 value attainment in A. aspera tends to be lower than F. abdita; which was proportional to the increase of cell size and also chlorophyll concentration of zooxanthellae.
Understanding the complexity of retention among seafarers: a perspective of Australian employers

ABSTRACT Research on seafarer employment has increased over the last two decades; with two-thirds of studies focused on the dynamics of the global shortage of ship officers. The 2015 Global Manpower Update predicts a worldwide shortage of 147, 500 ship officers. Shipping industry employers are struggling to retain new generation ship officers beyond 10 years onboard their vessels. This challenge is severe in developed maritime nations such as Australia. Understanding the complexity of the retention issues (and how they impact ship officer shortage) from the perspective of Australian shipping industry employers is the focus on this paper. A semi-structured phone interview of 20 senior managers of shipping industry employers in Australia was done. The results highlight complex retention issues, a lack of adequate training and lapses in industry regulations as the reasons for the shortage of ship officers. It was also found that Australian shipping industry employers mostly rely on high salaries, recreational facilities and good working conditions as strategies to retain ship officers. The paper contributes to a reflective understanding of practical steps Australian shipping industry employers must take to improve ship officer retention; and further points to the need for a more responsible approach to the employment of seafarers.
Sequencing of the VP1–2A Genome Segment for Hepatitis A Subtyping

The aim of the study was to improve the VP1–2A sequencing method and facilitate the hepatitis A virus genotyping technique. Materials and Methods Nucleic acids were extracted by using commercial kits for nucleic acid extraction and reverse transcription in a manual and automatic version. Primer sequences were selected using the DNASTAR software. Oligonucleotides were synthesized by the amidophosphite method followed by purification with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The sought fragments of the genome were obtained with PCR. Commercial components were used to prepare the reaction mixture. The results were verified by agarose gel electrophoresis with ethidium bromide DNA staining. After amplification, the DNA fragments were purified by adsorption on silica columns. Sequence identification of the purified fragments was performed by the Sanger sequencing method. The obtained sequences of the VP1–2A fragment were analyzed by the MEGA 6 software package. The optimized technique for sequencing of the VP1–2A segment was tested with 171 clinical and environmental samples containing hepatitis A virus RNA. Results The sequencing technique has been optimized at the stage of amplification of the variable VP1–2A structural genome segment. To obtain this result, we created original primer sequences and selected the polymerase reaction conditions (length, localization and annealing temperature, concentration of the primers and template). The sought fragment with a length of 249 nucleotide pairs was located between the 2988th and 3237th base pairs as per the reference HM175 strain. Using this optimized method of VP1–2A fragment sequencing, the hepatitis A genotype was detected in 76 from 171 samples containing hepatitis A virus RNA in the city of Nizhny Novgorod from 2000 to 2017. The prevalence of the IA subtype was found in 97% of cases (74 of 76 samples), and only 2 samples contained subtype IB. Conclusion The sequencing technique optimized at the stage of VP1–2A fragment amplification allows one to determine the hepatitis A virus genotype, identify imported virus strains, and also establish an epidemiological relationship between different cases of the disease.
Virtual reconstruction of the Le Moustier 2 newborn skull.. Implications for Neandertal ontogeny

Here we present a virtual skull reconstruction of the Le Moustier 2 neonate based on high-resolution computed tomographic data of the delicate original fragments. In the first step, the digital fragments were assembled based on anatomical criteria. If parts were missing on one side, or were better preserved on one side than the other, we used the software Avizo to reflect them across a midsagittal symmetry plane. Missing parts of the braincase were estimated based on complete reference crania using geometric morphometrics, so as to estimate endocranial volume (EV). When we compare our reconstruction of Le Moustier 2 to modern human neonates, we find that many morphological characteristics that separate Neandertal adults from modern human adults are already established at the time of birth. Neandertal features can already be detected in the shape of the orbit, the projection of the midface, the relative size and shape of the nose, the nasal bones, and the shape of the mandibular notch. The shape differences between Le Moustier 2 and modern human neonates in the cranial base are extremely subtle. Around the time of birth modern humans and Neandertals have very similar endocranial shapes and volumes. Our EV estimates for Le Moustier 2 range between 408–428 cc.Our reconstruction of Le Moustier 2 shows that most facial differences between modern humans and Neandertals develop prenatally as they are already established at the time of birth. Most shape differences in the braincase between modern humans and Neandertals, however, develop after birth. Our reconstruction of Le Moustier 2 therefore supports the notion that modern humans and Neandertals reach similar adult endocranial capacity through different postnatal ontogenetic pathways.
Validity and reliability of the HomeSPACE-II instrument to assess the influence of the home physical environment on children’s physical activity and sedentary behaviour

ABSTRACT The home physical environment has an important influence on children’s physical activity levels and time spent in sedentary behaviours. The aim of this study was to validate the HomeSPACE-II instrument for use in two-storey homes, to measure physical environmental factors that influence children’s physical activity and sedentary behaviours within the home. Parents (n = 31) with at least one child aged 9–13 years completed the instrument independently alongside a criterion-trained researcher, then one week later alone, to assess validity and reliability, respectively. Parents were mostly female (87.1%) and university educated (61.3%) with a mean age of 41.68 ± 4 years, while houses were mostly semi-detached or terraced (61.3%) with two parents (87.1%). Intra-class correlation coefficients, Pearson correlation coefficients and Kappa statistics revealed that most items, outside of accessibility and size measures, had strong reliability and validity (94% having ICC > 0.60 and 97% having r > 0.80). Excluding physical activity equipment, accessibility items with lower reliability and validity had low between-subject variation. The HomeSPACE-II instrument covers a wide range of parameters within the home and demonstrated strong validity and reliability, suggesting it is a useful tool for measuring physical factors that influence children’s physical activity and sedentary behaviour within the home.
Removal of bacteria, spores and somatic cells from milk by centrifugation and microfiltration techniques

Bactofugation (or centrifugation) and microfiltration are commercial and effective techniques for the physical removal of bacteria, spores and somatic cells from milk. Centrifugation is applied to separate components (microorganisms, fat globules, insoluble proteins, etc.) that have different densities compared to the dispersing phase, and microfiltration is mainly based on particle size exclusion using a semi-permeable membrane. This chapter gives a description of these two technologies (principle and operating conditions). It presents the performances of both techniques in particular with respect to the removal of bacteria, spores and somatic cells. Finally it discusses their possibilities and limitations in the dairy industry.
DYNAMIC MODELLING OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE OUARKISS EARTHEN DAM UNDER SEISMIC LOADS

The dynamic modelling of the behaviour of the Ouarkiss earthen dam under seismic loads was performed using the finite elements method (FEM), with an approach in effective stresses. The soil behaviour is described by the Mohr-Coulomb criterion. A numerical method and a procedure of analysis are presented in this work. The seismic response of an earthen dam was evaluated. Particular emphasis is placed on the calculation of stresses, displacements, deformations and interstitial overpressures recorded during the seismic solicitation. It has been shown that numerical simulation is able to highlight the fundamental aspects of the displacements and deformations processes experienced by the structure of dam and to produce preliminary results for the evaluation of the seismic behaviour of the structure taking into account the physical non-linearity of the materials constituting the body of the dam and the effect of the rigidity of the different zones of the dam and the foundation.