Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Determinants of Premarital Sexual Practice among Youths in Ethiopia: Based on the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Data

Background Premarital sexual practice becomes a common phenomenon among youths in Ethiopia. It is usually associated with unwanted pregnancies, abortions, and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. Objective This study is aimed at assessing the magnitude and determinants of premarital sexual practice among Ethiopian youths. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in all regions of Ethiopia from January 18 to June 27, 2016. A total of 7389 youths with the age range from 19 to 24 were included in the present study. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with premarital sex. A 95% CI and p value < 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Result The prevalence of premarital sexual practice was 10.8% (95% CI, 10%–11.5%). Being in the age group of 20-24 (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI (2.8, 4.6)), male sex (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI (1.3, 2.2)), employed (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI (1.03, 1.8)), from pastoral region (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI (1.3,2.4)), having mobile phone (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI, (1.3, 2.3)), ever use of internet (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI (1.3, 2.5)), ever drinking alcohol (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI (1.7, 2.5)), ever chewed khat (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI (1.6, 3.5), and ever tested for HIV (AOR = 1.3, 95% CI (1.1,1.6)) were statistically significant factors associated with premarital sex. Conclusion For every 10 youths, at least one of them had sexual intercourse before they got married. Being in the age group of 20-24, male sex, employed, from a pastoral region, having a mobile phone, ever use of the internet, alcohol drinking, khat chewing, and ever tested for HIV were important factors affecting premarital sex. Thus, national sexual education and reproductive health behavior change interventions should give due attention to those groups. Furthermore, adequate education should be given about premarital sexual intercourse when youths come for HIV tests.
Analysing Home Pharmaceutical Care Under the Combination of Medical Care and Nursing

Objective Home pharmaceutical care delivers individualised, whole-process and continuous pharmaceutical services and health education. This study aims to explore the feasibility of home pharmaceutical services as a combination of medical and nursing care. Methods Patient information was collected from 1 October 2020 to 30 September 2021 and was analysed and evaluated. We then developed a family medication plan and investigated its effectiveness and any issues encountered during the implementation process. Results A total of 102 patients received services, and 100% of the patients were satisfied with these. Moreover, using home pharmaceutical care saved approximately USD1,359.64 (RMB9,360.45) in outpatient costs and USD41,077.76 (RMB282,700) in inpatient costs, and the number of hospitalisations was reduced by 16%. Conclusion It is beneficial to make home pharmaceutical services available as a combination of medical and nursing care. Pharmacists can help patients solve medication-related problems and reduce the number of hospitalisations and medical costs through standardised service models while ensuring safe, effective, economical and rational drug use for patients.
Moving and jumping spot in a two-dimensional reaction–diffusion model

We consider a single spot solution for the Schnakenberg model in a two-dimensional unit disk in the singularly perturbed limit of a small diffusivity ratio. For large values of the reaction-time constant, this spot can undergo two different types of instabilities, both due to a Hopf bifurcation. The first type induces oscillatory instability in the height of the spot. The second type induces a periodic motion of the spot center. We use formal asymptotics to investigate when these instabilities are triggered, and which one dominates. In the parameter regime where spot motion occurs, we construct a periodic solution consisting of a rotating spot, and compute its radius of rotation and angular velocity. Detailed numerical simulations are performed to validate the asymptotic theory, including rotating spots. More complex, non-circular spot trajectories are also explored numerically.
Freewheeling Logic Extension of Connotation Hypostatization of Homogenous Cosmos Originated from Unique Genesis — Positive & Negative Transmutation Dynamics

As confirmation of PNT correlation between matter and spacetime, we now introduce “Instinctive PNT equilibrium postulate” to regularize inherent PNT correlation of matter system and subsequently come to analyze how PNT correlation of matter system radically conditions existence & motion of matter in spacetime and mathematically formulate the proper states in matter inertial conservation equations and PNT dynamics.
Dynamic principal component CAW models for high-dimensional realized covariance matrices

We propose a new dynamic principal component CAW model (DPC-CAW) for time-series of high-dimensional realized covariance matrices of asset returns (up to 100 assets). The model performs a spectral decomposition of the scale matrix of a central Wishart distribution and assumes independent dynamics for the principal components' variances and the eigenvector processes. A three-step estimation procedure makes the model applicable to high-dimensional covariance matrices. We analyze the finite sample properties of the estimation approach and provide an empirical application to realized covariance matrices for 100 assets. The DPC-CAW model has particularly good forecasting properties and outperforms its competitors for realized covariance matrices.
Optical detection of low frequency NQR signals: a step forward from conventional NQR

In searching for the more sensitive 14N nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) detecting system for illicit substances, a promising combination of a classic RF pulse NQR spectrometer and a K optically pumped magnetometer was tested. The initial results are encouraging. The principles of such a combination are described, and the detection limits in the low frequency RF region, where the 14N pulse NQR frequencies are usually positioned, are presented. Several illicit substances which are difficult to detect with a classic pulse NQR spectrometer were detected with both types of spectrometers. We noticed that with the proposed combination of classic RF excitation of 14N nuclei, using a pulse NQR spectrometer and subsequent optical detection of the sample’s response, a gain in S/N of up to a factor of 10 was possible.
Birdstrike Onto Structures in Rotational Motion

A birdstrike is likely to have serious consequences and, therefore, modern aircraft have to be certified for a proven level of bird impact resistance before being put into operational service. In this work, the consequences of a bird impact onto structures in rotational motion are investigated from a numerical standpoint. Referring to a bird surrogate, the jelly projectile used to develop bird-proof structures, a robust SPH model of the bird is initially developed and validated. Subsequently, the difficulties in modeling the impact of a bird against structures in rotational motion are highlighted and a feasible approach to model the event is proposed. Two different impact scenarios are then considered: the impact of a bird against lowpressure compressor blades and the impact of a bird against a small dimension propeller spinner. Findings and guidelines for modeling the event are eventually provided.
Age-stratified comparison of prognosis in cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without prophylactic defibrillator for nonischemic cardiomyopathy—a nationwide cohort study

Abstract Aims Prior studies have suggested that the benefit from primary preventive defibrillator treatment for patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathyy, treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy, may be age-dependent. We aimed to compare age-stratified mortality rates and mode of death in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy who are treated with either primary preventive cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D) or CRT with pacemaker (CRT-P). Methods and results All patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and CRT-P or primary preventive CRT-D who were implanted in Sweden during the period 2005–2020 were included. Propensity scoring was used to create a matched cohort. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 5 years. In all, 4027 patients were included: 2334 with CRT-P and 1693 with CRT-D. Crude 5-year mortality was 635 (27%) vs. 246 (15%), P < 0.001. In Cox regression analysis, adjusted for clinically relevant covariables, CRT-D was independently associated with higher 5-year survival [0.72 (0.61–0.85), P < 0.001]. Cardiovascular mortality was similar between groups (62 vs. 64%, P = 0.64), but death from heart failure was more common in the CRT-D group (46 vs. 36%, P = 0.007). In the matched cohort (n = 2414), 5-year mortality was 21% (24 vs. 16%, P < 0.001). In age-stratified analyses, CRT-P was associated with higher mortality in age groups <60 years and 70–79 years, but there was no difference in age groups 60–69 years or 80–89 years. Conclusion In this nationwide registry-based study, patients with CRT-D had better 5-year survival compared to patients with CRT-P. The interaction between age and mortality reduction was not consistent, but patients with CRT-D aged <60 years had the largest absolute mortality reduction.
The effects of stocking density on behavior and biological functioning of penned sheep under continuous heat load conditions

Abstract Stocking density may impact sheep welfare during live export voyages that occur under hot and humid conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the welfare implications for sheep housed at three allometric stocking densities (k = 0.030, 0.033, 0.042), while exposed to hot and humid climatic conditions. For 21 d, Merino wethers (n = 216) were housed in 12 pens of 18 wethers, in two climate-controlled rooms where wet-bulb temperature (TWB) mimicked the conditions of a live export voyage with high heat and humidity, and limited diurnal variation. Scan sampling of standing and lying behaviors was conducted on days 2, 5, 8, 11, 15, 18, and 20, at hourly intervals. Agonistic interactions were scored continuously on the same days between 1750 and 1800 h. Liveweights were recorded at the start and end of the study. For a subset of focal wethers (3 per pen), whole blood variables were assessed at the start and end of the experiment, along with fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGCM), which were also assessed on days 7 and 14. Rumen temperatures (TRUM) of focal wethers were recorded at 10-min intervals, and their respiration rates (RR) were measured every 2 h on days 1, 3, and from days 7 to 21. Focal wethers were slaughtered for necropsy after the study, and both adrenal glands were excised and weighed. The expression of some lying positions was impaired at high stocking densities, and lying with outstretched legs increased at high TWB. For respiration rates, there was an interaction between stocking density and TWB, such that RR was reduced by the provision of additional space at high TWB. TRUM was relatively unaffected by stocking density but increased at higher TWB, and any effects of stocking density on FGCM concentrations, liveweights (LW), adrenal gland weights or blood variables were minimal. Necropsy examination showed no indication that the wethers had experienced ongoing respiratory distress. These results suggest that the wethers were able to cope with these increases in stocking density under the conditions imposed. However, based on this evidence, the provision of additional space under hot conditions may be beneficial to facilitating the expression of some lying positions. Whilst the experiment was designed to emulate certain conditions relevant during live export voyages, other factors that may induce stress during this mode of transport were not present, and so the conclusions must be interpreted in the context of the experimental conditions.
Respiratory-Swallow Coordination in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Swallowing impairment, including altered physiology and aspiration, occur across the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The phase of respiration during which a swallow is initiated has been linked to swallowing impairment and aspiration in cohorts with dysphagia following stroke and head and neck cancer treatment, but has been understudied in PD. If similar findings are shown in individuals with PD, the implications for swallowing assessment and treatment are significant. Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of literature was to examine respiratory-swallow coordination measures and potential implications on swallowing physiology in individuals with PD. Methods: An extensive search of 7 databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Central, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, Scopus, and CINAHL) with predetermined search terms was conducted. Inclusion criteria were individuals with PD and the use of objective evaluations of respiratory-swallow coordination. Results: Of the 13,760 articles identified, 11 met the inclusion criteria. This review supports the presence of atypical respiratory swallow patterning, respiratory pause duration and lung volume at swallow initiation in individuals with PD. The meta-analysis estimated an occurrence of 60% of non-expiration-expiration and 40% of expiration-expiration respiratory phase patterns surrounding swallowing. Conclusion: Although this systematic review supports the occurrence of atypical respiratory-swallow coordination in individuals with PD, the evidence is limited by the variability in the methods of data acquisition, analysis, and reporting. Future research examining the impact of respiratory swallow coordination on swallowing impairment and airway protection using consistent, comparable, and reproducible methods and metrics in individuals with PD is warranted.
Forecast Combination for Euro Area Inflation - A Cure in Times of Crisis?

The period of extraordinary volatility in euro area headline inflation starting in 2007 raised the question whether forecast combination methods can be used to hedge against bad forecast performance of single models during such periods and provide more robust forecasts. We investigate this issue for forecasts from a range of short-term forecasting models. Our analysis shows that there is considerable variation of the relative performance of the different models over time. To take that into account we suggest employing performance-based forecast combination methods, in particular one with more weight on the recent forecast performance. We compare such an approach with equal forecast combination that has been found to outperform more sophisticated forecast combination methods in the past, and investigate whether it can improve forecast accuracy over the single best model. The time-varying weights assign weights to the economic interpretations of the forecast stemming from different models. We also include a number of benchmark models in our analysis. The combination methods are evaluated for HICP headline inflation and HICP excluding food and energy. We investigate how forecast accuracy of the combination methods differs between pre-crisis times, the period after the global financial crisis and the full evaluation period including the global financial crisis with its extraordinary volatility in inflation. Overall, we find that forecast combination helps hedge against bad forecast performance and that performance-based weighting outperforms simple averaging. JEL Classification: C32, C52, C53, E31, E37
A note on Stefan-like models for phase-change processes in non-homogeneous media

Recent experiments suggest that phase-change processes in certain non-homogeneous media present a characteristic time behaviour proportional to $t^{\alpha/2}$ with $\alpha\neq 1$. Some models have been proposed for these sort of processes in the last few years. In this article, we discuss Stefan-like models involving fractional integral or differential operators in the time variable. We try to bring together contributions from different research, and answer some questions that arise from them. Special attention is paid to the role of the free boundary in the models.
Novel Compound Heterozygous Splice-Site Variants in TPM3 Revealed by RNA Sequencing in a Patient with an Unusual Form of Nemaline Myopathy: A Case Report

Background: Pathogenic variants in the TPM3 gene, encoding slow skeletal muscle α-tropomyosin account for less than 5% of nemaline myopathy cases. Dominantly inherited or de novo missense variants in TPM3 are more common than recessive loss-of-function variants. The recessive variants reported to date seem to affect either the 5’ or the 3’ end of the skeletal muscle-specific TPM3 transcript. Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify the disease-causing gene and variants in a Finnish patient with an unusual form of nemaline myopathy. Methods: The genetic analyses included Sanger sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, targeted array-CGH, and linked-read whole genome sequencing. RNA sequencing was done on total RNA extracted from cultured myoblasts and myotubes of the patient and controls. TPM3 protein expression was assessed by Western blot analysis. The diagnostic muscle biopsy was analyzed by routine histopathological methods. Results: The patient had poor head control and failure to thrive, but no hypomimia, and his upper limbs were clearly weaker than his lower limbs, features which in combination with the histopathology suggested TPM3-caused nemaline myopathy. Muscle histopathology showed increased fiber size variation and numerous nemaline bodies predominantly in small type 1 fibers. The patient was found to be compound heterozygous for two splice-site variants in intron 1a of TPM3: NM_152263. 4:c.117+2_5delTAGG, deleting the donor splice site of intron 1a, and NM_152263. 4:c.117 + 164 C>T, which activates an acceptor splice site preceding a non-coding exon in intron 1a. RNA sequencing revealed inclusion of intron 1a and the non-coding exon in the transcripts, resulting in early premature stop codons. Western blot using patient myoblasts revealed markedly reduced levels of the TPM3 protein. Conclusions: Novel biallelic splice-site variants were shown to markedly reduce TPM3 protein expression. The effects of the variants on splicing were readily revealed by RNA sequencing, demonstrating the power of the method.
The impact of the diurnal cycle on the propagation of Madden‐Julian Oscillation convection across the Maritime Continent

Influences of the diurnal cycle on the propagation of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) convection across the Maritime Continent (MC) are examined using cloud‐permitting regional model simulations and observations. A pair of ensembles of control (CONTROL) and no‐diurnal cycle (NODC) simulations of the November 2011 MJO episode are performed. In the CONTROL simulations, the MJO signal is weakened as it propagates across the MC, with much of the convection stalling over the large islands of Sumatra and Borneo. In the NODC simulations, where the incoming shortwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere is maintained at its daily mean value, the MJO convection signal propagating across the MC is enhanced. Examination of the surface energy fluxes in the simulations indicates that the surface downwelling shortwave radiation is larger in the presence of the diurnal cycle (CONTROL simulations) primarily because clouds preferentially form in the afternoon and are smaller during day time in comparison to nighttime. Furthermore, the diurnal covariability of surface wind speed and skin temperature results in a larger sensible heat flux and a cooler land surface in the CONTROL runs compared to NODC runs. An analysis of observations indicates that ahead of and behind the MJO active phase, the diurnal cycle of cloudiness enhances downwelling shortwave radiation and hence convection over the MC islands. This enhanced stationary convection competes with and disrupts the convective signal of MJO events that propagate over the waters surrounding the islands.
Omicron Variant-Specific Serological Imprinting Following BA.1 or BA.4/5 Bivalent Vaccination and Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Cohort Study

Abstract Background Continuous evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outpaces monovalent vaccine cross-protection to new viral variants. Consequently, bivalent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines including Omicron antigens were developed. The contrasting immunogenicity of the bivalent vaccines and the impact of prior antigenic exposure on new immune imprinting remains to be clarified. Methods In the large prospective ENFORCE cohort, we quantified spike-specific antibodies to 5 Omicron variants (BA.1 to BA.5) before and after BA.1 or BA.4/5 bivalent booster vaccination to compare Omicron variant-specific antibody inductions. We evaluated the impact of previous infection and characterized the dominant antibody responses. Results Prior to the bivalent fourth vaccine, all participants (N = 1697) had high levels of Omicron-specific antibodies. Antibody levels were significantly higher in individuals with a previous polymerase chain reaction positive (PCR+) infection, particularly for BA.2-specific antibodies (geometric mean ratio [GMR] 6.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.05–7.62). Antibody levels were further significantly boosted in all individuals by receiving either of the bivalent vaccines, but greater fold inductions to all Omicron variants were observed in individuals with no prior infection. The BA.1 bivalent vaccine generated a dominant response toward BA.1 (adjusted GMR 1.31, 95% CI 1.09–1.57) and BA.3 (1.32, 1.09–1.59) antigens in individuals with no prior infection, whereas the BA.4/5 bivalent vaccine generated a dominant response toward BA.2 (0.87, 0.76–0.98), BA.4 (0.85, 0.75–0.97), and BA.5 (0.87, 0.76–0.99) antigens in individuals with a prior infection. Conclusions Vaccination and previous infection leave a clear serological imprint that is focused on the variant-specific antigen. Importantly, both bivalent vaccines induce high levels of Omicron variant-specific antibodies, suggesting broad cross-protection of Omicron variants.
Low-field magnetic resonance imaging in a boy with intracranial bolt after severe traumatic brain injury: illustrative case

BACKGROUND Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) is sensitive to motion and ferromagnetic material, leading to suboptimal images and image artifacts. In many patients with neurological injuries, an intracranial bolt (ICB) is placed for monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP). Repeated imaging (computed tomography [CT] or cMRI) is frequently required to guide management. A low-field (0.064-T) portable magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI) machine may provide images in situations that were previously considered contraindications for cMRI. OBSERVATIONS A 10-year-old boy with severe traumatic brain injury was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, and an ICB was placed. Initial head CT showed a left-sided intraparenchymal hemorrhage with intraventricular dissection and cerebral edema with mass effect. Repeated imaging was required to assess the brain structure because of continually fluctuating ICP. Transferring the patient to the radiology suite was risky because of his critical condition and the presence of an ICB; hence, pMRI was performed at the bedside. Images obtained were of excellent quality without any ICB artifact, guiding the decision to continue to manage the patient conservatively. The child later improved and was discharged from the hospital. LESSONS pMRI can be used to obtain excellent images at the bedside in patients with an ICB, providing useful information for better management of patients with neurological injuries.