Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design flood estimation for global river networks based on machine
learning models

Abstract. Design flood estimation is a fundamental task in hydrology. In this research, we propose a machine learning based approach to estimate design floods globally. This approach mainly involves three stages: (i) estimating at-site flood frequency curve for global gauging stations by the Anderson-Darling test and Bayesian MCMC method; (ii) clustering these stations into subgroups by a K-means model based on twelve globally available catchment descriptors, and (iii) developing a regression model in each subgroup for regional design flood estimation using the same descriptors. A total of 11793 stations globally were selected for model development and three widely used regression models were compared for design flood estimation. The results showed that: (1) the proposed approach achieved the highest accuracy for design flood estimation when using all twelve descriptors for clustering; and the performance of regression was improved by considering more descriptors during the training and validation; (2) a support vector machine regression provide the highest prediction performance among all regression models tested, with root mean square normalised error of 0.708 for 100-year return period flood estimation; (3) 100-year design flood in tropical, arid, temperate, cold and polar climate zones could be reliably estimated with the relative mean relative biases (RBIAS) of −0.199, −0.233, −0.169, 0.179 and −0.091 respectively; (4) This machine learning based approach shows considerable improvement over the index-flood based method introduced by Smith et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015814) for the design flood estimation at global scales; and the average RBIAS in estimation is less than 18 % for 10, 20, 50 and 100-year design floods. We conclude that the proposed approach is a valid method to estimate design floods anywhere on the global river network, improving our prediction of the flood hazard, especially in ungauged areas.
MODELLING TRANSITIONS IN GRASS COVERS TO QUANTIFY WAVE OVERTOPPING EROSION

Transitions in vegetated dike covers, such as geometry changes or roughness differences, are identified as weak spots in dikes for grass cover erosion by wave overtopping. Although several erosion models exist to model grass cover erosion on dikes, it is unclear how the effect of transitions on grass cover erosion must be included in these models. Therefore, we have developed a model approach to analyze the effects of transitions on grass cover erosion using field experimental data and to derive representative influence factors for one transition type. The model approach has been applied to the transition at the landward toe where the slope changes to a horizontal plane. The model approach is general applicable and can be transferred easily to other transitions. The derived factors can be used to improve predictions of dike cover erosion near transitions.
Solute Transport in Nanochannels With Roughness-Like Structures

﻿Newfound attention has been given to solute transport in nanochannels. Because the electric double layer (EDL) thickness is comparable to characteristic channel dimensions, nanochannels have been used to separate ionic species with a constant charge-to-size ratio (i.e., electrophoretic mobility) that otherwise cannot be separated in electroosmotic or pressure- driven flow along microchannels. In nanochannels, the electrical fields within the EDL cause transverse ion distributions and thus yield charge-dependent mean ion speeds in the flow. Surface roughness is usually inevitable during microfabrication of microchannels or nanochannels. Surface roughness is usually inevitable during the fabrication of nanochannels. In the present study, we develop a numerical model to investigate the transport of charged solutes in nanochannels with hundreds of roughness-like structures. The model is based on continuum theory that couples Navier-Stokes equations for flows, Poisson-Boltzmann equation for electrical fields, and Nernst-Planck equation for solute transports. Different operating conditions are considered and the solute transport patterns in rough channels are compared with those in smooth channels. Results indicate that solutes move slower in rough nanochannels than in smooth ones for both pressure- driven and electroosmotic flows. Moreover, solute separation can be significantly improved by surface roughness under certain circumstances.
Improving evaluation of potato resistance to Rhizoctonia solani infection by optimizing inoculum-based method combined with toxin-based assay

Background: Rhizoctonia solani causes stem canker and significantly impacts the production of potato. Conventional assay to evaluate potato resistance using R. solani inoculum is time consuming. To establish an effective and fast assay, 20 potato germplasms were examined using both R. solani inoculum and R. solani-derived toxin (RS toxin). Results: In field trials of 2009 and 2010, wheat-bran-based inoculum of R. solani was incorporated at either 0, 2, 3, 4 or 5 g per seed piece in the soil followed by sowing potato seed pieces in the furrow. Stem canker was evaluated in the growing season. Inoculum of wheat-bran-based 2, 3, or 4 g could well distinguish resistance of potato germplasms. For a quick assay of resistance screening, a toxin-based method was established by treating potato seedlings with the toxin of R. solani (RS toxin). RS toxin was prepared by heating R. solani culture. Potato seedlings were obtained through tissue culture and grown in Murashige and Skoog medium. Seedlings at the stage of 12 cm in height were transferred into agar medium amended with RS toxin and incubated for eight days. The inhibition caused by RS toxin was positively correlated with toxin concentration. By evaluating various potato cultivars that have different sensitivities to toxin, the inhibition of potato stems sections and seedlings was from 33% to 100% and from 32% to 148%, respectively. Results of toxin-based evaluation were highly correlated with the field data using pathogen inoculum (r = 0.731, P < 0.01). Conclusions: Inoculation with wheat bran-mediated R. solani of 2, 3 or 4 g per seed piece was an effective method for the evaluation of potato resistance in field trials. The toxin-based assay could improve efficiency and speed of disease resistance evaluation of potato germplasms. Both assays showed that none of the 20 potato materials was completely resistant to R. solani. However, cultivar ‘Desiree’ had the lowest level of disease, whereas ‘Atlantic’, ‘Favorita’, and ‘Shepody’ showed the high susceptibility.
Effect on malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione and its metabolizing enzymes in vitamin D deficient newly diagnosed Type- 2 diabetic patients.

Background: India, with 32 million diabetic individuals, currently has the highest incidence of diabetes worldwide. Recently, World Health Organization (WHO) reported that these numbers are predicted to increase to 80 million by the year 2030. Vitamin D regulates glucose metabolism and oxidative stress is a well-established factor of this multi-factorial disease. Aim: Present, study was designed to evaluate certain oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) along with total antioxidant activity in vitamin D deficient newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetics. Methods: 150 vitamin D deficient newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics’ and equal number of healthy subjects of both genders were recruited. Fasting blood was collected for evaluation of glucose, 25(OH) D and oxidative stress markers. Results: Significant (P<0.01) increase in malondialdehyde by 51.03% while a significant decrease in oxidative stress markers like SOD, GSH, GR, GPx and total antioxidant activity by 27.91 (P<0.05), 26.14% (P<0.05), 32.04% (P<0.01), 25.41% (P<0.05) and 35.85% (P<0.01) respectively was recorded in vitamin D deficient newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics with respect to healthy controls. Conclusions: A fore mentioned observations suggested that vitamin-D deficient newly diagnosed Type-2 diabetics of North-West Indian’s are associated with oxidative stress, a hallmark of various diseases like Diabetes Mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis etc. Therapeutic interventions in combinations of lifestyle and dietary modification might be beneficial to prevent further risk of development of Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis in North-West Indians.
Relationship between Imagery Use and Imagery Ability Towards Team Cohesion among Masum Athletes

Positive relationship has been determined between imagery use and team cohesion based on individual and team level perspectives from previous studies. However, not many investigated the combination of imagery use and imagery ability on team cohesion from an individual nor from the team perspective especially during the covid-19 pandemic season. Hence, this study investigates the relationship between imagery use and imagery ability on team cohesion among MASUM student athletes. A total of 215 MASUM student athletes from various sports participated in the study. A series of questionnaires were completed which are Group Environment Questionnaire, Sport Imagery Questionnaire-Team Sport and Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis revealed that motivation general-mastery imagery, motivation general-arousal imagery, motivational specific imagery, skill imagery ability and goal imagery ability were significantly correlated to the dimensions of team cohesion. About 63% of team cohesion is explained by the imagery use dimensions. These dimensions are individual attractiontask team cohesion (39% of the variable), group integrationsocial team cohesion with 35% and group integration-task with 42%. The finding recommends cognitive and motivational elements from imagery use to be highlighted on team sports to promote athlete’s team cohesion.
Distribution of boron fractions in soils of Imphal West, Manipur

A distribution study was conducted by collecting GPS based one hundred soil samples from Imphal West, Manipur to study the status of different boron fractions. Result revealed that total boron content of the soil varied from105.18 to 148.98ppm. It boron was quantified into five fractions viz., readily soluble boron, specifically adsorbed boron, oxide bound boron, organically bound boron and residual boron and their contents varied in the range of 0.05-2.35ppm, 0.98-3.93ppm, 3.12-7.61ppm, 8.21-13.01ppm and 90.34-128.34ppm, respectively. The dominant pool among all five fractions was residual boron comprising about 85 percent of total boron. The readily soluble and specifically adsorbed boron constitutes the liable pool whereas the oxide bound, organically bound and residual boron constitute the nonliable pool of boron in soil. The distribution pattern of various boron fractions was in the order: residual boron > organically bound boron > oxide bound boron > specifically adsorbed boron > readily soluble boron.
Consumer Wearable Deployments in Actigraphy Research: Evaluation of an Observational Study

Background Consumer wearables can provide a practical and accessible method of data collection in actigraphy research. However, as this area continues to grow, it is becoming increasingly important for researchers to be aware of the many challenges facing the capture of quality data using consumer wearables. Objective This study aimed to (1) present the challenges encountered by a research team in actigraphy data collection using a consumer wearable and (2) present considerations for researchers to apply in the pursuit of robust data using this approach. Methods The Nokia Go was deployed to 33 elite Gaelic footballers from a single team for a planned period of 14 weeks. A bring-your-own-device model was employed for this study where the Health Mate app was downloaded on participants’ personal mobile phones and connected to the Nokia Go via Bluetooth. Retrospective evaluation of the researcher and participant experience was conducted through transactional data such as study logs and email correspondence. The participant experience of the data collection process was further explored through the design of a 34-question survey utilizing aspects of the Technology Acceptance Model. Results Researcher challenges included device disconnection, logistics and monitoring, and rectifying of technical issues. Participant challenges included device syncing, loss of the device, and wear issues, particularly during contact sport. Following disconnection issues, the data collection period was defined as 87 days for which there were 18 remaining participants. Average wear time was 79 out of 87 days (90%) and 20.8 hours per day. The participant survey found mainly positive results regarding device comfort, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness. Conclusions Although this study did not encounter some of the common published barriers to wearable data collection, our experience was impacted by technical issues such as disconnection and syncing challenges, practical considerations such as loss of the device, issues with personal mobile phones in the bring-your-own-device model, and the logistics and resources required to ensure a smooth data collection with an active cohort. Recommendations for achieving high-quality data are made for readers to consider in the deployment of consumer wearables in research.
Effect of Oblateness of the Secondary up to J4 on L4,5 in the Photogravitaional ER3BP

In a synodic-pulsating dimensionless coordinate, with a luminous primary and an oblate secondary, we examine the effects of radiation pressure, oblateness (quadruple and octupolar i.e. 2 4 J and J ) and eccentricity of the orbits of the primaries on the triangular points 4,5 L in the ER3BP. 2 4 J and J have been shown to disturb the motion of an infinitesimal body and 4 J particularly has significant effects on a satellite’s secular perturbation and orbital precessions. The influence of these parameters on the triangular points of Zeta Cygni, 54 Piscium and Procyon A/B are highlighted in this study. Triangular points are stable in the range 0 C μ μ < < and their stability is affected by said parameters.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics and laser action in ZnO nanowires

We have examined ultrafast carrier dynamics and light amplification in ZnO nanowires following subpicosecond excitation at room temperature. We performed time- and wavelength-resolved pump-probe transmission and gain measurements on a 'forest' of 100- to 500-nm thick and 20-μm long nanowires, epitaxially grown on a sapphire wafer. Measurements were done using 267-nm pump pulses for direct, but inhomogeneous excitation, and 800-nm pulses to achieve homogeneous excitation via three-photon absorption. At the highest fluences, both for 267-nm and 800-nm pump pulses, a degenerate electron-hole plasma (EHP) is generated with carrier densities of 1025 m-3 or higher. We observed strong amplification of the probe, accompanied by a rapid decay (~ 1.5 ps) of the charge carriers. Below ~ 1025 m-3, the EHP becomes non-degenerate and the decay much slower. A dip in the pump-probe signal was observed, caused by ionization of probe exciton-polaritons by the pump. This effect allows for a measurement of the exciton-polariton dispersion relation and enhanced light-matter interaction in ZnO nanowires.
184 G2019-029 Electrocautery Versus Scalpel In _Layout 1

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the postoperative wound infection rate, newborn effect and, the effect of skin to peritoneum incision time between diathermy and scalpel for the operation time during primer cesarean section cases. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was carried out at Gazi University Hospital. A total of 74 patients met inclusion criteria in this study but 6 patients were excluded in electrocautery group for not to come controls, group I patients, n=37, underwent operation via scalpel incision and group II patients, n=31, underwent operation by diathermy incision. The main outcome measures were the operation time, postoperative wound infection rate, scar character, neonatal Apgar scores, and need of neonatal intensive care unit. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between newborn Apgar scores (1 and 5 minutes), wound infections, and operation times (p=0.35, p=0.69, p=0.32, respectively). CONCLUSION: Related to findings, it could be suggested that diathermy might be an alternative to the scalpel in Pfannenstiel incisions contrary to the old belief about its high infection rates.
The effect of promotions on meal-kits across channels

The aim of this study is to provide new insights in the effect of channel type on purchase intention for meal-kits and the effect of promotions on this relationship. The research question in this study is: In which way do promotions affect consumer purchase intention regarding meal-kits across channels? To answer this research question an online survey was conducted amongst Dutch respondents. In this survey an introductory text was shown to respondents, respondents subsequently filled in the questionnaire including questions about purchase intention with regard to the meal-kit shown. Thereafter, data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis in SPSS. However, no significant results were found, therefore no support has been found for the hypotheses in this study. To conclude, the results show that channel type does not have an influence on purchase intention for meal-kits. There was no difference in purchase intention for meal-kits in offline versus online channels or meal-kits from supermarkets or specialized suppliers. In addition, promotions do not have a moderating role on the link between channel type and purchase intention. Still, these outcomes are valuable for managers, as these results provide information about factors influencing purchase behavior for meal-kits.
Campion: debugging router configuration differences

We present a new approach for debugging two router configurations that are intended to be behaviorally equivalent. Existing router verification techniques cannot identify all differences or localize those differences to relevant configuration lines. Our approach addresses these limitations through a _modular_ analysis, which separately analyzes pairs of corresponding configuration components. It handles all router components that affect routing and forwarding, including configuration for BGP, OSPF, static routes, route maps and ACLs. Further, for many configuration components our modular approach enables simple _structural equivalence_ checks to be used without additional loss of precision versus modular semantic checks, aiding both efficiency and error localization. We implemented this approach in the tool Campion and applied it to debugging pairs of backup routers from different manufacturers and validating replacement of critical routers. Campion analyzed 30 proposed router replacements in a production cloud network and proactively detected four configuration bugs, including a route reflector bug that could have caused a severe outage. Campion also found multiple differences between backup routers from different vendors in a university network. These were undetected for three years, and depended on subtle semantic differences that the operators said they were "highly unlikely" to detect by "just eyeballing the configs. "
NORMOGLYCAEMIC EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Parkia biglobosa LEAVES IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem leading to an increase in the search for herbal normoglycaemic agents as alternative to the synthetic ones. Aqueous extract of Parkia biglobosa leaves was assessed for normoglycaemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The study aim at providing scientific evidence to authenticate the traditional use of Parkia biglobosa leaves in the treatment of diabetes. Methodology: The plant was extracted using aqueous to obtain Parkia biglobosa Leaf Extract (PbLE), qualitative phytochemical analysis was determined using standard methods. Diabetes was induced in albino rats by intraperitoneal injection of 5% solution of alloxan (150 mg/kg bw). The rats were grouped into 5 groups (A, B, C, D and E) of 5 animals each. Group A consisted of nondiabetic rats which served as the control, Group B consisted of diabetic rats that were left untreated and served as negative control, Group C were given glucophage (reference) at a dose level of 7 mg/kg bw, Groups D and E were administered PbLE at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg bw respectively. Results: The glucose levels in the blood of rats were checked with a glucometer using the blood from the tail of the rats. Serum (proteins, lipid profiles, urea and creatinine), ALT, AST and ALP were all determined using standard procedures. The extract and the glucophage reduced the blood glucose level significantly (p < 0.05) from day 3 till the termination of the experiment. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Parkia biglobosa leaves possess antidiabetic activity and also the extract is relatively safe. Hence the leaves of Parkia biglobosa can be explored in producing alternative antidiabetic drugs.
Classification of Modulated Motor Cortex Based on Anodal and Cathodal tDCS

Over the centuries, humans have wished to achieve the ability to understand the inner functions of the mind and brain. Neurofeedback is the procedure which has an influence on physiological brain conditions that takes place by allowing selfregulation. It has been obtaining momentum as a feasible treatment method for a number of mental disorders and additionally serves as an experimental methodology for researchers to manipulate brain activity in the aims to persuade specific conditions of mind. The purpose of the research is to classify the usage of transcranial direct current Stimulation (tDCS) to overcome and reduce the limitations of neurofeedback. The treatment method of neurofeedback often leads to complications like extremely diffused sensation of anxiety, discontent and discomfort, which is often recognized as an impulse to vomit, dizziness, and photophobia as it redirects and regulates the brain function, which is a fragment of the process. Thus for this purpose in this research, anodal and cathodal tDCS based neurofeedback were applied and then classified to achieve a better result in the application of neurofeedback. The proposed method showed a higher percentage of accuracy (98.67%) for both anodal and cathodal readings using Electroencephalography(EEG) based neurofeedback data for 20 subjects.
Observation of high-temperature magnetic transition and existence of ferromagnetic short-range correlations above transition in double perovskite La2FeMnO6

We present the observation of a high-temperature magnetic transition along with ferromagnetic short-range correlations (FSCs) in La2FeMnO6 perovskite system. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of Fe3+ and Mn3+ cations. Magnetization vs. temperature curves show two distinct transitions at TC1 ∼ 60 K and TC ∼ 425 K. Coercivity values of ∼1140 Oe and ∼35 Oe are observed at 2 K and 300 K respectively. Thermomagnetic analysis reveals the presence of FSCs in La2FeMnO6 up to T* = 570 K, well above the transition point, similar to a Griffiths-like phase (GP). The presence of ferromagnetic clusters in the paramagnetic region might be due to the intrinsic inhomogeneities associated with the structure, the quenched disorder related to the B-site cations and the antisite boundaries. The coefficient of lower temperature electronic specific heat is as high as 59.5 mJ mol−1 K−2. The electron spin resonance spectra show ferromagnetic resonance signals that point to the possibility of the presence of FSCs at room temperature. The material seems to be quite a promising candidate for some room temperature applications due to the possibility of the coexistence of functionalities like ferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism, GP, magnetotransport coupling, etc. in a single material.