Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Jupiter’s stratospheric hydrocarbons and temperatures after the July 2009 impact from VLT infrared spectroscopy

Aims. Thermal infrared imaging and spectroscopy of the July 19, 2009 Jupiter impact site has been used to identify unique features of the physical and chemical atmospheric response to this unexpected collision. Methods. Images and high-resolution spectra of methane, ethane and acetylene emission (7−13 μm) from the 2009 impact site were obtained by the Very Large Telescope (VLT) mid-infrared camera/spectrometer instrument, VISIR. An optimal estimation retrieval algorithm was used to determine the atmospheric temperatures and hydrocarbon distribution in the month following the impact. Results. Ethane spectra at 12.25 μm could not be explained by a rise in temperature alone. Ethane was enhanced by 1.7−3.2 times the background abundance on July 26, implying production as the result of shock chemistry in a high C/O ratio environment, favouring an asteroidal origin for the 2009 impactor. Small enhancements in acetylene emission were also observed over the impact site. However, no excess methane emission was found over the impact longitude, either with broadband 7.9-μm imaging 21 h after the impact, or with center-to-limb scans of strong and weak methane lines between 7.9 and 8.1 μm in the ensuing days, indicating either extremely rapid cooling in the initial stages, or an absence of heating in the upper stratosphere (p 10 mbar), though this solution is highly dependent on the spectral properties of stratospheric debris. The enhanced ethane emission was localised over the impact streak, and was diluted in the ensuing weeks by redistribution of heated gases by zonal flow and mixing with the unperturbed jovian air. Conclusions. The different thermal energy deposition profiles, in addition to the highly reducing (C/O > 1) environment and shallow impactor angle, suggest that (a) the 2009 plume and shock-fronts did not reach the sub-microbar altitudes of the Shoemaker-Levy 9 plumes; and (b) models of a cometary impact are not directly applicable to the unique impact circumstances of July 2009.
Modeling entrainment of sedimentary particles by wind and water: A generalized approach

[1] For long-standing theoretical reasons, it is often asserted that the threshold shear stress for entrainment of sedimentary particles (τ*t = ρfu*t2, made dimensionless as A = ρfu*t2/((ρp − ρf)gd)) has a universal relationship with the particle Reynolds number (Re*t = u*td/ν), where u*t is the threshold friction velocity, ρf is the fluid density, ρp is the density of the particles, d is the particle diameter, g is the gravitational acceleration and ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid. However, experimental plots of A(Re*t) for sediment entrainment in air and water show two major differences: (1) For large Re*t, the values of A in water are, in general, a few times larger than those in air, and (2) when Re*t <1, A increases more rapidly in air than in water as Re*t decreases. This paper derives a new, general theory for A, which incorporates the effects of fluid turbulence, particle cohesion and probabilistic aspects of grain entrainment. It is found that difference (1) is explained by differences in the probability distribution of streamwise velocity fluctuations for typical situations in air and water, which follow from basic scaling laws for velocity variances in turbulent flow. Difference (2) is explained by the different behaviors of interparticle cohesion forces in air and water. The resulting expression is shown to compare well with experimental data.
High-efficient synthesis of carbon quantum dots from orange pericarp as fluorescence turn-on probes for Ca2+ and Zn2+ ion detection and their application in trypsin activity characterization

Objective(s): In this work, we propose an efficient preparation process for the synthesis of natural carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) by the usage of orange pericarp as the carbon natural resource, which is performed through hydrothermal treatment and top-down approaches. Materials and Methods: The structural, morphological, average size, and optical properties of synthesized NCQDs were investigated via dynamic light scattering (DLS), transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and fluorescence PL spectra. Results: The shape of obtained NCQDs was observed to be spherical in the results of TEM analysis with an average size of 6–7 nm which confirms NCQDs essence. The signs of a strong peak (absorption) at around 282 nm throughout the UV-vis spectrum have been detected. The provided FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the existence of functional groups above the NCQDs surface. Furthermore, the surface charge of -11 mV through the obtained zeta potential regarding the synthesized NCQDs has been identified. MTT assay on mouse colon carcinoma cells (C26) demonstrated the lack of any signs of toxicity in NCQDs. Conclusion: The obtained NCQDs contain high photo-stability, excellent PL activity, and efficient fluorescent emission based on excitation. The results of kinetic studies revealed the ability of NCQDs to inhibit trypsin activity in a non-competitive model, which qualifies them as potent inhibitors and quenchers of trypsin. It can be suggested that the synthesized NCQDs have the potential of functioning as a sustainable and eco-friendly source for various applications such as sensors for detecting Ca2+ and Zn2+ and trypsin biosensor for determining enzyme activity.
Restoration of IL-11 and IL-15 cytokine production post calcium modulators and ROS treatment can assist viral clearance both in vitro and in vivo

Objective(s): Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection alters the cytokines production to establish persistent infection. A reversion of cytokines back to their normal state can be a promising therapeutic approach to establish an optimal host immune response. Materials and Methods: We investigated the alteration in expression of IL-15 and IL-11 after HBV infection in vitro and in vivo in PBMCs of 63 individuals divided into various HBV-infected patient groups. The mRNA expression was evaluated post-anti-oxidant and calcium modulators treatment by Real-time qPCR. Results: In vitro mRNA expression of both cytokines, post-infection was down-regulated considerably. Interestingly, in line with in vitro results, both cytokines’ in vivo expression was intensively down-regulated in chronic HBV-infected individuals rather than healthy controls. Both cytokines’ expression was up-regulated in cases of recovery compared with the inactive carriers and chronic HBV-infected individuals. IL-15 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in both cell lines post EGTA and Ru360 treatment while a significant increase was observed in the HepAD38 cell line with NAC and BAPTA treatment. IL-11 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in the HepG2 cell line after all modulator treatments, whereas in the HepAd38 cell line it was observed after BAPTA treatment. Our results thus indicate that viral infection tends to down-regulate the expression of cytokines and an in vivo up-regulation is an indication of recovery. Conclusion: Treatment of anti-oxidants and calcium modulators has resulted in the successful restoration of these cytokines thus pointing towards the use of calcium modulators to boost natural antiviral cytokine production.
Simulation of rapidly maneuvering airfoils with synthetic jet actuators

Synthetic jet actuators are investigated for rapidly maneuvering airfoils that are regulated by a closed-loop control system. To support active flow-control simulations performed here, the closed-loop system and vehicle dynamics are coupled with computational fluid dynamics. High-frequency sinusoidal pitching simulations with and without synthetic jet actuation indicate that the current synthetic jet actuators provide bidirectional change in aerodynamic forces during rapid maneuvers whose time scales are of the same order as the flow time scales. Responses of a wind-tunnel airfoil are well represented in the current simulations, which allows us to predict the response of the system for dynamic conditions representative of free flight. The control system is able to execute rapid free-flight maneuvers. It is observed that the controller is responding to small fluctuations caused by vortex shedding from the trailing-edge actuators.
Zilien: Mannschaftsspiel mit Molekularmotoren. Selbstorganisierte Selbstreinigung von Atmungswegen

Die Atemwege sind mit einer Schleimschicht bedeckt, die wie eine Rolltreppe permanent Schmutzpartikel aus der Lunge befördert. Für den Antrieb sorgen Flimmerhärchen (Zilien), zu Tausenden koordiniert in einer kollektiven Wellenbewegung. Wie die Koordination dieser Molekularmotoren zustande kommt, ist bislang nicht geklärt. Die Biophysik vermutet hier ein Beispiel des weit verbreiteten Phänomens der Selbstorganisation, unterstützt durch externe Steuersignale, zum Beispiel mit Calciumionen. Ein einfaches Computermodell der Biophysiker der Universität Bern illustriert und unterstützt diese Hypothese.
Histological, Immunohistochemical, Biomechanical, and Wettability Evaluations of the Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membranes Derived from Canine Blood

This study aimed to perform histological, immunohistochemical, biomechanical, and wettability assessments of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membranes obtained from the blood of healthy dogs. Ten client-owned Labrador Retriever dogs were enrolled. Blood samples were obtained from the external jugular vein using a vacuum tube without anticoagulant, which was immediately centrifuged at 400g for 12 min in a dedicated centrifuge. The L-PRF clot was removed from the tube, and the red clot was released from the buffy coat using a spatula. The membrane was produced using a PRF box. Histological examination identified the three portions of the L-PRF membranes. The first portion was composed mainly of red blood cells with the presence of a low number of leukocytes among them. The second portion was composed of white blood cells, mainly neutrophils. The third portion was composed of the fibrin network which was characterized by acidophilic staining. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor were expressed in all samples at different intensities, both in cellular components and fibrin mesh. The tensile test and wettability assessments were measured in membranes 30 min and 3 h after production. The 30 min L-PRF membranes supported twice the ultimate tensile strength compared to 3 h L-PRF membranes. The wettability of the 30 min sample membranes was statistically higher than the 3 h sample membranes. In conclusion, the centrifugation protocol allowed production of the L-PRF membrane using canine blood and this was confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The mechanical resistance and wettability of the L-PRF membrane were significantly reduced over time.
Abstract 92: Tenecteplase Treatment And Thrombus Characteristics Associated With Early Reperfusion -
 An EXTEND-IA TNK Trials Analysis

Background: Intracranial occlusion site, contrast permeability, and clot burden are thrombus characteristics that influence alteplase-associated reperfusion. In this study, we assessed the reperfusion efficacy of tenecteplase and alteplase in subgroups based on these characteristics in a pooled analysis of the EXTEND-IA TNK trials. Methods: Patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) were randomized to treatment with tenecteplase (0.25mg/kg or 0.4mg/kg) or alteplase (0.9mg/kg) prior to thrombectomy. The primary outcome, early reperfusion, was defined as the absence of retrievable thrombus or >50% reperfusion on initial angiographic assessment. We compared the treatment effect of tenecteplase versus alteplase overall, and in subgroups based on intracranial occlusion site, the presence of contrast permeability (measured via residual flow grades), and clot burden (measured via clot burden scores), whilst adjusting for relevant covariates using mixed effects logistic regression models. Results: Among the 465 patients in the primary analysis, early reperfusion occurred in 18% (84/465). Tenecteplase was associated with a higher odds of early reperfusion (tenecteplase: 75/369 [20%] vs. alteplase: 9/96 [9%], aOR: 2.18 [95%CI: 1.03-4.63]). The difference between thrombolytics was most notable in distal M1 or M2 occlusions (tenecteplase: 53/176 [30%] vs. alteplase: 4/42 [10%], aOR: 3.73 [95%CI: 1.25-11.11]), thrombi with contrast permeability (tenecteplase: 38/160 [24%] vs. alteplase: 5/48 [10%], aOR: 2.83 [95%CI: 1.00-8.05]), and in low clot burden occlusions (tenecteplase: 66/261 [25%] vs. alteplase: 5/67 [7%], aOR: 3.93 [95%CI: 1.50-10.33]). Both thrombolytics had limited early reperfusion efficacy in proximal occlusions (ICA: tenecteplase 1/73 [1%] vs. alteplase 1/19 [5%]) and in high clot burden occlusions (tenecteplase: 9/108 [8%] vs. alteplase: 4/29 [14%], aOR: 0.58 [95%CI: 0.16-2.06]). Conclusions: Tenecteplase demonstrates superior early reperfusion versus alteplase in distal LVO, in contrast-permeable thrombi, and in lesions with low clot burden. Reperfusion efficacy remains limited in ICA occlusions and lesions with high clot burden. Further improvements in intravenous thrombolytics are required.
Effectiveness and Safety of XEN45 in Eyes With High Myopia and Open Angle Glaucoma

Précis: XEN45 implant was an effective and safe procedure in primary open angle glaucoma (OAG) eyes with high myopia. Although the hypotony incidence rate was relatively high, it resolved with medical therapy and was of short duration. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the XEN45 stent in eyes with OAG and high myopia. Design: Retrospective and multicenter study. Methods: Consecutive OAG patients who underwent a XEN45, either alone or in combination with cataract surgery, and had a refractive error higher than −6 D and an axial length ≥26 mm. The primary endpoint was the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering at the last follow-up visit. Results: Thirty-one eyes were included (96.8% with a primary OAG diagnosis). The mean refraction was −13.2±5.6 (range: −6.75 to−23.0) D. In the overall study sample, preoperative mean IOP (95% CI) was significantly lowered from 23.5 (20.5–26.4) mm Hg to 13.0 (12.2–13.8) mm Hg at the last follow-up visit, P<0.0001. At the last follow-up visit, 16 (57.1%) eyes achieved an IOP ≤14 mm Hg, 11 (68.9%) of them without treatment. The number of ocular hypotensive medications was significantly reduced from 3.0±1.1 drugs at preoperatively to 0.6±1.0 drugs at the last follow-up visit, P<0.0001. Median (95% CI) follow-up was 24.0 (12.0–24.0) months. Linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the preoperative refraction and the IOP lowering (r=0.43, P=0.0155). Needling procedure was performed in 11 eyes (39.3%) and hypotony (defined as an IOP <6 mm Hg) was observed in 8 eyes (28.6%) during the first postoperative day and remained for a week. Conclusion: Although the Xen implant effectively lowered IOP in highly myopic eyes with glaucoma, the incidence of hypotony was high, and in most cases, resolved within the first month with medical management and monitoring.
Effects of viral load on tenofovir vs. entecavir efficacy in recurrence prevention of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

Serum hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV-DNA) load is a critical index used to re ﬂ ect the degree of viral replication in hepatocytes and to evaluate host hepatitis viral status. The risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence or recurrence varies depending on whether the HBV-DNA load is high or low. [1] Consistent with previous studies and expert opinion, a HBV-DNA level > 2000 IU/mL was de ﬁ ned as a high HBV-DNA load in the current study. [2] Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and entecavir (ETV) have high genetic barriers to drug resistance, exhibit potent viral suppression, and are recommended as ﬁ rst-line therapies in HBV patients. Since low and high HBV-DNAloadsrepresentdistinct immuneresponsestohepatitis B, the impact of either drug on HCC recurrence among patientswithloworhighHBV-DNAloadsremainsunclear. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the difference in TDF vs . ETV in preventing HCC recurrence among patients with high or low HBV-DNA loads using a multi-institutional database. Between
Free Vascularized Fibula Graft for Staged Reconstruction of Infected Humerus Nonunions

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Objective: To evaluate the union rate and rate of postoperative complications in patients with septic nonunions of the humerus after a two-stage reconstruction using a free vascularized fibula graft. Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Academic, tertiary referral center. Patients/Participants: Adult patients with staged reconstruction for infected nonunion of the humerus with at least 2 years follow-up after vascularized fibula graft transfer. Intervention: First, infected nonunion debridement with antibiotic spacer and external fixator placement. After antimicrobial treatment, free vascularized fibula transfer with internal fixation. Main Outcome Measurements: Time to union, pain, affected extremity range of motion, and function. Results: 10 patients with septic humerus nonunion treated with staged reconstruction using a free vascularized fibula graft, with a mean follow-up of 32.3 months were included. After the two-stage reconstruction using a free fibula, radiographic union was achieved in 6/10 patients, with a mean time to union of 19.9 weeks. The remaining 4 patients required an additional procedure with graft augmentation and/or implant revision. After the revision procedure, union was noted in 3/4 patients, 21 weeks postoperatively. Mean patient visual analog scale pain scores improved from 5.8 preoperatively to 0.9 at final follow-up (P = 0.02). Postoperatively, mean elbow flexion was 110 ± 20 degrees and extension 15 ± 7.5 degrees. Conclusion: A two-stage reconstruction using a free fibula graft can be used in patients with septic nonunions of the humerus in the setting of multiple failed prior surgeries and compromised local biology. Additional procedures may be needed in some to achieve final union. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Interictal discharges in the human brain are traveling waves arising from an epileptogenic source.

While seizure activity may be electrographically widespread, increasing evidence has suggested that ictal discharges may in fact represent traveling waves propagated from a focal seizure source. Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are an electrographic manifestation of excessive hypersynchronization of cortical activity that occur between seizures, and are considered a marker of potentially epileptogenic tissue. The precise relationship between brain regions demonstrating IEDs and those involved in seizure onset, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we hypothesize that IEDs likewise reflect the receipt of traveling waves propagated from the same regions which give rise to seizures. 40 patients from our institution who underwent invasive monitoring for epilepsy, proceeded to surgery, and had at least one year of follow-up were included in our study. Interictal epileptiform discharges were detected using custom software, validated by a clinical epileptologist. We show that IEDs reach electrodes in sequences with a consistent temporal ordering, and this ordering matches the timing of receipt of ictal discharges, suggesting that both types of discharges spread as traveling waves. We use a novel approach for localization of ictal discharges, in which time differences of discharge receipt at nearby electrodes are used to compute source location; similar algorithms have been used in acoustics and geophysics. We find that interictal discharges co-localize with ictal discharges. Moreover, interictal discharges tend to localize to the resection territory in patients with good surgical outcome and outside of the resection territory in patients with poor outcome. The seizure source may originate at, and also travel to, spatially-distinct IED foci. Our data provide evidence that interictal discharges may represent traveling waves of pathological activity that are similar to their ictal counterparts, and that both ictal and interictal discharges emerge from common epileptogenic brain regions. Our findings have important clinical implications, as they suggest that seizure source localizations may be derived from interictal discharges, which are much more frequent than seizures.
Evaluation of a visual acuity eHealth tool in patients with cataract

The Easee eHealth tool was validated for the assessment of visual acuity in patients who underwent cataract surgery and showed clinically acceptable outcomes in up to 88% of patients. Purpose: To validate the Easee web-based tool for the assessment of visual acuity in patients who underwent cataract surgery. Setting: University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands. Design: Prospective method comparison study. Methods: Subjects aged between 18 and 69 years who underwent cataract surgery on 1 or both eyes at the Maastricht University Medical Center+ were eligible to participate in this study. The uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) assessments were performed using the web-based tool (index test) and conventional ETDRS and Snellen charts (reference tests). The outcomes of the different tests were expressed in logMAR, and a difference of <0.15 logMAR was considered clinically acceptable. Results: 46 subjects with 75 operated eyes were included in this study. The difference of the UDVA between the web-based tool and ETDRS or Snellen was −0.05 ± 0.10 logMAR (P < .001 [0.15; −0.26]) and −0.04 ± 0.15 logMAR (P = .018 [0.24; −0.33]), respectively. For the CDVA, these differences were −0.04 ± 0.08 logMAR (P < .001 [0.13; −0.21]) and −0.07 ± 0.10 logMAR (P < .001 [0.13; −0.27]), respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the web-based tool and ETDRS were maximally 0.94 and compared with Snellen 0.92. In total, 73% to 88% of the visual acuity measurement differences were within 0.15 logMAR. Conclusions: The web-based tool was validated for the assessment of visual acuity in patients who underwent cataract surgery and showed clinically acceptable outcomes in up to 88% of patients. Most of the participants had a positive attitude toward the web-based tool, which requires basic digital skills.