Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UKF Based Self-Organizing Feature Maps Algorithm for the Recognition of Splice Sites

Due to the higher dimensional and nonlinear properties of the gene sequences, traditional self-organizing feature maps can't identify splice sites effectively. To circumvent the parameters study of the self-organizing feature maps, a method is presented based on the Kalman filter and the unscented transform which can identify splice sites effectively. By identifying the splice sites form long-scale and short-scale genomic DNA sequences, results show that the novel algorithm has competence.
Budesonide-Loaded Guar Gum Microspheres for Colon Delivery: Preparation, Characterization and in Vitro/in Vivo Evaluation

A novel budesonide (BUD) colon delivery release system was developed by using a natural polysaccharide, guar gum. The rigidity of the microspheres was induced by a chemical cross-linking method utilizing glutaraldehyde as the cross-linker. The mean particle size of the microspheres prepared was found to be 15.21 ± 1.32 µm. The drug loading and entrapment efficiency of the formulation were 17.78% ± 2.31% and 81.6% ± 5.42%, respectively. The microspheres were spherical in shape with a smooth surface, and the size was uniform. The in vitro release profiles indicated that the release of BUD from the microspheres exhibited a sustained release behavior. The model that fitted best for BUD released from the microspheres was the Higuchi kinetic model with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9993. A similar phenomenon was also observed in a pharmacokinetic study. The prolongation of the half-life (t1/2), enhanced residence time (mean residence time, MRT) and decreased total clearance (CL) indicated that BUD microspheres could prolong the acting time of BUD in vivo. In addition, BUD guar gum microspheres are thought to have the potential to maintain BUD concentration within target ranges for a long time, decreasing the side effects caused by concentration fluctuation, ensuring the efficiency of treatment and improving patient compliance by reducing dosing frequency. None of the severe signs, like the appearance of epithelial necrosis and the sloughing of epithelial cells, were detected.
Enterohepatic Helicobacter in Ulcerative Colitis: Potential Pathogenic Entities?

Background Changes in bacterial populations termed “dysbiosis” are thought central to ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis. In particular, the possibility that novel Helicobacter organisms play a role in human UC has been debated but not comprehensively investigated. The aim of this study was to develop a molecular approach to investigate the presence of Helicobacter organisms in adults with and without UC. Methodology/Principal Findings A dual molecular approach to detect Helicobacter was developed. Oligonucleotide probes against the genus Helicobacter were designed and optimised alongside a validation of published H. pylori probes. A comprehensive evaluation of Helicobacter genus and H. pylori PCR primers was also undertaken. The combined approach was then assessed in a range of gastrointestinal samples prior to assessment of a UC cohort. Archival colonic samples were available from 106 individuals for FISH analysis (57 with UC and 49 non-IBD controls). A further 118 individuals were collected prospectively for dual FISH and PCR analysis (86 UC and 32 non-IBD controls). An additional 27 non-IBD controls were available for PCR analysis. All Helicobacter PCR-positive samples were sequenced. The association between Helicobacter and each study group was statistically analysed using the Pearson Chi Squared 2 tailed test. Helicobacter genus PCR positivity was significantly higher in UC than controls (32 of 77 versus 11 of 59, p = 0.004). Sequence analysis indicated enterohepatic Helicobacter species prevalence was significantly higher in the UC group compared to the control group (30 of 77 versus 2 of 59, p<0.0001). PCR and FISH results were concordant in 74 (67.9%) of subjects. The majority of discordant results were attributable to a higher positivity rate with FISH than PCR. Conclusions/Significance Helicobacter organisms warrant consideration as potential pathogenic entities in UC. Isolation of these organisms from colonic tissue is needed to enable interrogation of pathogenicity against established criteria.
An Interaction Framework for a Cooperation between Fully Automated Vehicles and External Users in Semi-stationary Urban Scenarios

Automated vehicles are becoming gradually available in restricted environments and are planned to be available for more challenging situations in the near future. Fully automated vehicles (FAVs) will have no drivers and still need to cooperate and interact with other road users outside the vehicle. In this work we propose an interaction framework, which makes it possible for external users to interfere with the FAV guidance in an abstract level via communicating a desired maneuver. The external user can be assumed as a road participant, who shares drivable areas with the FAV, or an operating person such as delivery person, who wants to guide a delivery vehicle remotely. The application area of this framework is the low velocity range, which can be also assumed as semi-stationary environments. The proposed framework explores the percepted static environment and identifies all possible paths with respect to vehicle dynamics, safety and comfort parameters. These paths are processed in order to build a set of meaningful candidates for the further steps. For this goal we have proposed two different methods based on a modified RRT algorithm and a skeletonization of the freespace. In order to extract possible drivable maneuvers out of the current scene, the candidate paths are assigned to predefined maneuver classes and selected with respect to their length and reasonableness. The set of meaningful and drivable maneuvers will be communicated to the user in form of an abstract and simplified catalogue. With this framework we provide both the FAV and the external user with a mutual understanding about the scene and avoid the possible ambiguity in goal understanding. The proposed framework is validated with sensor data from real scenarios.
Is streamflow increasing? Trends in the coterminous United States

An increasing trend in global streamflow has been variously attributed to climate change, land use, and a reduction in plant transpiration under higher CO 2 levels. To separate these influences, we use a subset of ~1000 United States Geological Survey stream gauges primarily from small, minimally disturbed watersheds to estimate annual streamflow per unit area since 1920 on a uniform grid over the coterminous United States. We find that although streamflow has indeed increased over this period taken as a whole, this increase has not been uniform in time but concentrated in the late 1960s, when precipitation increased. Since the early 1990s, both precipitation and streamflow show nonsignificant declining trends. Multiple regression of streamflow against precipitation, temperature and CO 2 suggests that higher CO 2 levels may increase streamflow, presumably due to the physiological plant response to CO 2 , but that this positive response is more than offset by the concomitant increasing evaporation due to global warming, so that the net impact of greenhouse gas emissions has been to increase evaporation and reduce streamflow. The suppression of plant transpiration through higher CO 2 levels seems to be particularly important for sustaining high streamflow in recent decades in the Great Plains, where precipitation is concentrated during the growing season.
Fabrication of high-density cantilever arrays and through-wafer interconnects

Processes to fabricate dense, dry released microstructures with electrical connections on the opposite side of the wafer are described. A 10 x 10 array of silicon and polysilicon cantilevers with high packing density (5 tips/mm 2 ) and high uniformity ( 6 /C 4 F 8 , plasma etch followed by a HBr plasma etch to accurately release cantilevers. A process for fabricating electrical contacts through the backside of the wafer is also described. Electrodeposited resist, conformal CVD metal deposition and deep SF 6 /C 4 F 8 plasma etching are used to make 30 µm/side square vias each of which has a resistance of 50 m(omega).
An I/O System for Mach 3.0

The Mach I O system represents a radical departure from its predecessor Mach which relied on the BSD Unix model of device management The I O interface in Mach sup ports device drivers that are largely device independent implemented at user level and location independent Our approach to device management signi cantly reduces the size of the kernel s machine dependent code enables us to reduce the length of the I O path and permits us to transparently manage remote devices on non shared memory multiprocessor architectures such as the Hypercube This paper describes the structure and performance of Mach s I O system
Cocaine-induced intestinal ischemia.

COCAINE, AN ALKALOID derived from the Erythroxylon coca plant, remains a popular recreational drug.1 Although its recreational use has decreased, the number of hard-core regular users remains unchanged at 476,000 according to the 1993 National Institute on Drug Abuse Household Survey.2 Cocaine-related complications are, therefore, of clinical importance. Bowel ischemia due to cocaine use is probably more common than is reported, but it may be overlooked because its presentation is similar to other acute abdominal conditions. A direct causal relationship between cocaine use and bowel ischemia is difficult to prove. Nevertheless, the patients described in published reports so far had been relatively young, had a positive urine toxicology screen for cocaine, and had no previous history of atherosclerosis. We report a case of acute small bowel ischemia in the oldest patient after smoking crack cocaine.
Genetic Diversity within Cryptosporidium parvum and Related Cryptosporidium Species

ABSTRACT To assess the genetic diversity in Cryptosporidium parvum, we have sequenced the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene of seven Cryptosporidium spp. , various isolates of C. parvum from eight hosts, and a Cryptosporidiumisolate from a desert monitor. Phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rRNA sequences confirmed the multispecies nature of the genusCryptosporidium, with at least four distinct species (C. parvum, C. baileyi, C. muris, and C. serpentis). Other species previously defined by biologic characteristics, including C. wrairi, C. meleagridis, and C. felis, and the desert monitor isolate, clustered together or within C. parvum. Extensive genetic diversities were present among C. parvum isolates from humans, calves, pigs, dogs, mice, ferrets, marsupials, and a monkey. In general, specific genotypes were associated with specific host species. A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique previously developed by us could differentiate mostCryptosporidium spp. and C. parvum genotypes, but sequence analysis of the PCR product was needed to differentiateC. wrairi and C. meleagridis from some of theC. parvum genotypes. These results indicate a need for revision in the taxonomy and assessment of the zoonotic potential of some animal C. parvum isolates.
A 10% efficient ITO-CdTe heterojunction solar cell

ITO/CdTe heterojunctions have been formed by electron beam evaporation of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) onto single crystal /rho/-type CdTe and onto close-spaced-vapor-transport (CSVT) CdTe films deposited on single crystal /rho/-type CdTe. Solar efficiencies of 10.5% referred to active area V /SUB oc/ = 0.81 V, J /SUB sc/ = 20 mA/cm/sup 2/) have been realized with junctions on single crystal CdTe. These heterojunctions have been stable for 10 months. The exploratory ITO//rho/-CdTe(CSVT)//rho/-CdTe(single crystal) heterojunctions show V /SUB oc/ = 0.46 V, J /SUB sc/ = 20.0 mA/cm/sup 2/ and a solar efficiency of 5.5%.
Commissioning the neutron production of a Linac: development of a simple tool for second cancer risk estimation.

PURPOSE Knowing the contribution of neutron to collateral effects in treatments is both a complex and a mandatory task. This work aims to present an operative procedure for neutron estimates in any facility using a neutron digital detector. METHODS The authors' previous work established a linear relationship between the total second cancer risk due to neutrons (TR(n)) and the number of MU of the treatment. Given that the digital detector also presents linearity with MU, its response can be used to determine the TR(n) per unit MU, denoted as m, normally associated to a generic Linac model and radiotherapy facility. Thus, from the number of MU of each patient treatment, the associated risk can be estimated. The feasibility of the procedure was tested by applying it in eight facilities; patients were evaluated as well. RESULTS From the reading of the detector under selected irradiation conditions, m values were obtained for different machines, ranging from 0.25 × 10(-4)% per MU for an Elekta Axesse at 10 MV to 6.5 × 10(-4)% per MU for a Varian Clinac at 18 MV. Using these values, TR(n) of patients was estimated in each facility and compared to that from the individual evaluation. Differences were within the range of uncertainty of the authors' methodology of equivalent dose and risk estimations. CONCLUSIONS The procedure presented here allows an easy estimation of the second cancer risk due to neutrons for any patient, given the number of MU of the treatment. It will enable the consideration of this information when selecting the optimal treatment for a patient by its implementation in the treatment planning system.
Face Recognition: A Literature Review

— The task of face recognition has been actively researched in recent years. This paper provides an up-to-date review of major human face recognition research. We first present an overview of face recognition and its applications. Then, a literature review of the most recent face recognition techniques is presented. Description and limitations of face databases which are used to test the performance of these face recognition algorithms are given. A brief summary of the face recognition vendor test (FRVT) 2002, a large scale evaluation of automatic face recognition technology, and its conclusions are also given. Finally, we give a summary of the research results.
Gamma rays from clusters and groups of galaxies: Cosmic rays versus dark matter

Clusters of galaxies have not yet been detected at gamma-ray frequencies; however, the recently launched Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, formerly known as GLAST, could provide the first detections in the near future. Clusters are expected to emit gamma rays as a result of (1) a population of high-energy cosmic rays fueled by accretion, merger shocks, active galactic nuclei, and supernovae, and (2) particle dark-matter annihilation. In this paper, we ask the question of whether the Fermi telescope will be able to discriminate between the two emission processes. We present data-driven predictions for the gamma-ray emission from cosmic rays and dark matter for a large x-ray-flux-limited sample of galaxy clusters and groups. We point out that the gamma-ray signals from cosmic rays and dark matter can be comparable. In particular, we find that poor clusters and groups are the systems predicted to have the highest dark-matter to cosmic-ray emission ratio at gamma-ray energies. Based on detailed Fermi simulations, we study observational handles that might enable us to distinguish the two emission mechanisms, including the gamma-ray spectra, the spatial distribution of the signal, and the associated multiwavelength emissions. We also propose optimal hardness ratios, which will help us to understand the nature of the gamma-ray emission. Our study indicates that gamma rays from dark-matter annihilation with a high particle mass can be distinguished from a cosmic-ray spectrum even for fairly faint sources. Discriminating a cosmic-ray spectrum from a light dark-matter particle will be, instead, much more difficult, and will require long observations and/or a bright source. While the gamma-ray emission from our simulated clusters is extended, determining the spatial distribution with Fermi will be a challenging task requiring an optimal control of the backgrounds.
Mining Complex Predicates In Hindi Using A Parallel Hindi-English Corpus

Complex predicate is a noun, a verb, an adjective or an adverb followed by a light verb that behaves as a single unit of verb. Complex predicates (CPs) are abundantly used in Hindi and other languages of Indo Aryan family. Detecting and interpreting CPs constitute an important and somewhat a difficult task. The linguistic and statistical methods have yielded limited success in mining this data. In this paper, we present a simple method for detecting CPs of all kinds using a Hindi-English parallel corpus. A CP is hypothesized by detecting absence of the conventional meaning of the light verb in the aligned English sentence. This simple strategy exploits the fact that CP is a multiword expression with a meaning that is distinct from the meaning of the light verb. Although there are several shortcomings in the methodology, this empirical method surprisingly yields mining of CPs with an average precision of 89% and a recall of 90%.
A bioinspired dynamical vertical climbing robot

This paper describes the inspiration for, design, analysis, and implementation of, and experimentation with the first dynamical vertical climbing robot. Biologists have proposed a pendulous climbing model that abstracts remarkable similarities in dynamical wall scaling behavior exhibited by radically different animal species. We numerically study a version of that pendulous climbing template dynamically scaled for applicability to utilitarian payloads with conventional electronics and actuation. This simulation study reveals that the incorporation of passive compliance can compensate for the scaled model’s poorer power density and scale disadvantages relative to biology. However, the introduction of additional dynamical elements raises new concerns about stability regarding both the power stroke and limb coordination schemes that we allay via mathematical analysis of further simplified models. Combining these numerical and analytical insights into a series of design prototypes, we document the correspondence of the various models to the scaled platforms and report that our final prototype climbs dynamically at vertical speeds up to 0.67 m/s (1.5 body-lengths per second, in rough agreement with our models’ predictions).
A Review of Attachment Theory in the Context of Adolescent Parenting Nih Public Access

The purpose of this article is to review attachment theory and relate the attachment perspective to adolescent mothers and their children. Attachment theory explains positive maternal-infant attachment as a dyadic relationship between the infant and mother that provides the infant with a secure base from which to explore the world. With respect to cognitive, social, and behavioral domains, securely attached infants tend to have more favorable long-term outcomes, while insecurely attached infants are more likely to have adverse outcomes. Adolescent parenthood can disrupt normal adolescent development, and this disruption influences development of the emotional and cognitive capacities necessary for maternal behaviors that foster secure attachment. However, it appears that if specialized supports are in place to facilitate the process of developing attachment, infants of adolescent mothers can obtain higher rates of secure attachment than normative samples in this population. This paper provides a review of attachment theory and relates the attachment perspective to the unique challenges of clinical work with adolescent mothers and their children. Infants of adolescent mothers are at risk for poor attachment outcomes that are associated with long-term adverse consequences in cognitive, adaptive, and behavioral domains (Belsky & Fearon, 2002; Karen, 1990). A secure attachment relationship evolves from a mother's ability to be reflective, responsive, and sensitive to her infant's needs and results in the infant's development of trust, confidence, and resilience in later life (Karen). Adolescent mothers may not intuitively be able to assume these characteristics that foster secure attachment because of their own developmental stage (Sadler & Cowlin, 2003). It is critical for clinicians to be able to recognize signs of poor attachment that can most easily be picked up by observations of the mother's interactions with her infant and to learn to model favorable parenting behaviors that enhance attachment. Secure attachment is a critical part of the foundation for a healthy life. Therefore, maternal-infant interactions, particularly in this high-risk adolescent population, need to assessed in the context of pediatric clinical care. Disclosure Statements: Serena Flaherty reports no financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Lois Sadler reports no financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in …
Absence epilepsy seizure onsets detection based on ECG signal analysis

Detecting epileptic seizure onsets is the main goal of numerous studies, since it has many profits for patients and clinicians. Methods based on electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and other electrophysiological signals had been used for automatic detection in the literature. For the first time, absence seizures have been detected based on ECG signals in this study. Animal models of absence epilepsy, WAG\Rij rats, with repetitive seizures (duration about few seconds'), have been investigated. After detecting QRS complexes from ECG signal and extracting 38 different linear, nonlinear and frequency domain features from heart rate variability, feature vectors were constructed. In order to obtain high efficiency detection algorithm, feature selection have been implemented based on wrapper approach. Results related to support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminate analysis (LDA), and k-nearest neighbor (kNN), three important classifiers for seizure detection have been compared in this work. The test results for patient- independent detection with 5 selected features in leave-one-out (LOO) train approach had accuracy of 74%, 72% and 71% for SVM, LDA and kNN, respectively. All the algorithms and methods have been optimized to be useful in embedded implementations.