Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The heliospheric plasma sheet

High-resolution magnetic field and plasma data gathered by ISEE 3/ICE during several sector boundary crossings are used to investigate the narrow heliospheric current sheet (approximately equal 3 x 10 (exp 3) km to 10 (exp 4) km thick), together with the heliospheric plasma sheet in which it is embedded. The heliospheric plasma sheet region is identified by a significantly enhanced plasma beta caused by density enhancements and diminished magnetic field strength and is about 20 to 30 times the thickness of the current sheet. The thickness of the heliospheric plasma sheet is found to increase exponentially with its average proton density. The heliospheric current sheet is often displaced to one edge or the other of the heliospheric plasma sheet. Further, the point of maximum plasma beta in the plasma sheet, where the magnetic field strength is at a broad local minimum, is not colocated with the heliospheric current sheet. Within the plasma sheet, changes in the magnetic pressure are balanced by corresponding changes in the plasma thermal pressure as expected for a convected solar wind feature. In addition, observations show small pressure differences between the regions upstream and downstream of the plasma sheet, which are interpreted as causing the plasma sheet to move across the spacecraft.
Electron and ion density variations before strong earthquakes (M>6.0) using DEMETER and GPS data

Abstract. Using IAP (plasma analyzer) and ISL (Langmuir probe) experiments onboard DEMETER (Detection of Electromagnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) satellite and GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements, we have statistically analyzed the variations of the electron and ion densities to search for disturbances in the vicinity of four large earthquakes prior to events. The indices Dst and Kp were used to distinguish pre-earthquake anomalies from the other anomalies related to the geomagnetic activities. For each studied case, a very good agreement was found between the different parameters estimated by DEMETER and GPS data in the detection of pre-seismic anomalies. Our statistics results show that the anomalous deviations prior to earthquakes have different sign from case to case, and that their amplitude depends on the magnitude of the earthquake. It has also been found that the electron density measured by the ISL experiment at night detects anomalous variations significantly before the earthquakes. The appearance of positive and negative anomalies in both of DEMETER and TEC (Total Electron Content) data during 1 to 5 days before all studied earthquakes during quiet geomagnetic conditions indicates that these anomalous behaviors are highly regarded as seismo-ionospheric precursors.
Response of tomato and okra to nitrogen fertilizer in sole cropping and intercropping with cowpea

SummaryExperiments on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) to determine effects of intercropping with cowpea (Vigna unquiculata) at different nitrogen fertilizer rates are described. Vegetative characters of tomato were not affected by intercropping but those of okra were. Intercropping caused between 45 and 55% loss in marketable fruit yields in both vegetables. Nitrogen fertilizer treatment increased vegetative development, but application of 60 and 30 kg N ha-1 in sole and intercropping, respectively, gave maximum marketable fruit yields in each of the vegetables. Intercropping thus modified N response of the vegetables for fruit production. With cowpea, increasing nitrogen treatment also increased vegetative development; grain yield was reduced up to 55% by intercropping, but less when 30 kg N ha-1 was applied. Tomato or okra intercropped with cowpea at 30 kg N ha-1 gave the best land equivalent ratio (LER), without much reduction in the yields of component species.
Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Progression Soluble Forms of the Notch Ligands Delta 1 and Jagged 1 Promote in Vivo Tumorigenicity in NIH 3 T 3 Fibroblasts with Distinct Phenotypes

From the Center for Molecular Medicine,* Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine; Department of Animal and Nutritional Sciences and New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostics Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston Massachusetts; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire
Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Progression FSP 1 Fibroblasts Promote Skin Carcinogenesis by Maintaining MCP-1-Mediated Macrophage Infiltration and Chronic Inflammation

Cancer development is often associated with increased fibroblast proliferation and extensive fibrosis; however, the role of fibroblasts during carcinogenesis remains largely unknown. Using the 7,12-dimethylbenz-(a)anthracene and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate– induced two-stage skin carcinogenesis model, we demonstrated here that there was a massive accumulation and proliferation of fibroblasts in the skin shortly after application of carcinogen. Selective abatement of these cells during the promotion stage drastically decreased incidence and progression of papillomas. This correlated well with reduced macrophage infiltration and impaired cytokine storm in the affected skin. 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate stimulated skin fibroblasts, secreting high levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and neutralization of this chemokine eliminated almost completely the fibroblast-induced chemotaxis of macrophages. These results strongly suggest that fibroblasts promote skin tumor development by producing monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and maintaining chronic inflammation. (Am J Pathol 2011, 178:382–390; DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.017)
Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Progression YAP Promotes Breast Cell Proliferation and Survival Partially through Stabilizing the KLF 5 Transcription Factor

The Yes-associated protein (YAP), an oncoprotein in the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, regulates tumorigenesis and has been found in a variety of tumors, including breast, ovarian, and hepatocellular cancers. Although YAP functions through its WW domains, the YAP WW domain-binding partners have not yet been completely determined. With this study, we demonstrate that YAP functions partially through its binding to KLF5, a transcription factor that promotes breast cell proliferation and survival. YAP interacted with the KLF5 PY motif through its WW domains, preventing the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1 from ubiquitinating KLF5. Overexpression of the wild-type YAP but not the WW domain-mutated YAP up-regulated KLF5 protein levels and mRNA expression levels of KLF5 downstream target genes, including FGFBP1 (alias FGF-BP) and ITGB2. In addition, knockdown of YAP decreased expression levels of KLF5, FGF-BP, and ITGB2. Depletion of either YAP or KLF5 decreased breast cell proliferation and survival in MCF10A and SW527 breast cell lines, and stable knockdown of either YAP or KLF5 suppressed SW527 xenograft growth in mice. The YAP upstream kinase LATS1 suppressed the KLF5-FGF-BP axis, as well as cell growth through YAP signaling. Both YAP and KLF5 are coexpressed in estrogen receptor ER -negative breast cell lines. These findings suggest that KLF5 could be an important transcription factor partner for YAP and may contribute to the Hippo pathway. (Am J Pathol 2012, 180:2452–2461; http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.02.025)
Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Progression CUB-Domain-Containing Protein 1 Regulates Peritoneal Dissemination of Gastric Scirrhous Carcinoma

CUB-domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is a type-I transmembrane protein that is highly expressed in colon, breast, and lung cancers. We recently revealed that CDCP1 is associated with and phosphorylated by Src family kinases and is involved in the regulation of anchorage independence of certain lung cancer cell lines. In this study, we examined whether CDCP1 is involved in the regulation of tumor progression of scirrhous gastric cancer, which is a diffusely infiltrative carcinoma with high invasion potential. Expression and phosphorylation levels of CDCP1 correlated with the invasive potential of scirrhous gastric cancers. Reduction of CDCP1 expression by siRNA suppressed migration, invasion, and anchorage independence without affecting the proliferation of highly invasive scirrhous gastric cancer cells. However, CDCP1 overexpression promoted gastric cancer cell migration with low potential of invasion. Loss of CDCP1 suppressed invasion and dissemination of cancer cells that were orthotopically implanted in the gastric wall of nude mice. Expression and phosphorylation of CDCP1 were also detected in cancer cells of surgically resected tissues of human scirrhous gastric cancer by immunohistochemical analysis. Our results suggest that CDCP1 promotes invasion and peritoneal dissemination of cancer cells through the regulation of cell migration and anchorage independence. Therefore, it is both a potential prognostic and therapeutic target in certain types of gastrointestinal cancers, and suppression of its phosphorylation might be a useful strategy for modulating cancer metastasis. (Am J Pathol 2008, 172:1729–1739; DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070981)
Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Progression Role of ES Cell-Expressed Ras ( ERas ) in Tumorigenicity of Gastric Cancer

ERas, a unique member of the Ras family, was initially found only in embryonic stem (ES) cells, where it plays a crucial role in the transformation of transplanted ES cells to teratomas. ERas is involved in ES cell survival, and unlike other Ras family members, is constitutively active without any mutations. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and role of ERas in human gastric cancer. To test whether ERas played a significant role in human cancer cells, we examined its expression and function in gastric cancer. ERas was expressed in gastric cancer cell lines at different levels. Induction of ERas expression activated the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt axis and then enhanced anchorage-independent growth and ERas knockdown by siRNA suppressed cell invasion. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that ERas was expressed in 38.7% (55/142) of human gastric carcinoma tissues, and its expression was significantly associated with metastasis to the liver (P < 0.0001) and lymph nodes (P < 0.05). ERas up-regulated transcription regulatory factors including ZFHX1A , ZFHX1B , and TCF3 , which repress Ecadherin. These data suggest that ERas is activated in a significant population of gastric cancer , where it may play a crucial role in gastric cancer cell survival and metastases to liver via down-regulation of E-cadherin. (Am J Pathol 2010, 177:955–963; DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091056)
Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Progression Slug Expression during Melanoma Progression

Slug (Snai2), a member of the Snail family of zinc finger transcription factors, plays a role in the epithe-lial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) that occurs during melanocyte emigration from the neural crest. A role for Slug in the EMT-like loss of cell adhesion and increased cell motility exhibited during melanoma progression has also been proposed. Our immunohistochemical studies of melanoma arrays, however, revealed that Slug expression was actually higher in nevi than in primary or metastatic melanomas. Moreover, Slug expression in melanomas was not associated with decreased expression of E-cad-herin, the canonical Slug target in EMT. Comparisons of endogenous Slug and E-cadherin expression in cultured normal human melanocytes and melanoma cell lines supported our immunohistochemical findings.
Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Progression Deletions of 16 q in Wilms Tumors Localize to Blastemal-Anaplastic Cells and Are Associated with Reduced Expression of the IRXB Renal Tubulogenesis Gene Cluster

Linda Holmquist Mengelbier,* Jenny Karlsson,* David Lindgren, Ingrid Øra, Margareth Isaksson,* Ildiko Frigyesi,* Attila Frigyesi, Johannes Bras, Bengt Sandstedt,** and David Gisselsson* From the Departments of Clinical Genetics,* and Pathology, University and Regional Laboratories, Pediatric Oncology, and Anesthesiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Center for Molecular Pathology, the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden; the Departments of Human Genetics, and Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and the Childhood Cancer Research Unit,** Astrid Lindgren’s Children’s Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Progression Role of Human Aquaporin 5 In Colorectal Carcinogenesis

From the Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery;* Graduate Program in Human Genetics; Department of Oncology ‡ and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, Maryland; Gustave Roussy Institute, Division of Cancer Medicine, Villejuif, France; Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Ulsan University, Seoul, Korea
Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Progression Syntenic Relationships between Genomic Profiles of Fiber-Induced Murine and Human Malignant Mesothelioma

From INSERM, U674,* Paris, France; the Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S674, Paris, France; the Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France; INSERM, U830, Paris, France; Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris, France; the Laboratoire d’Ecotoxicology, Université du Havre, UFR de Sciences et Techniques, UPRES-EA3222, Le Havre, France; the Service de Pneumologie et de Pathologie Professionnelle, Hôpital Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France; INSERM, U955, Equipe 4, IMRB, Créteil, France; the Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France; the Service d’Histologie et de Biologie Tumorale, AP-HP, GHU Est, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France; the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Service d’Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital de la Côte de Nacre, Caen, France; INSERM, ERI3, Caen, France; and the House Ear Institute, Center for Neural Tumor Research, Los Angeles, California
Influence of Heterogeneity on Crack Propaga‐Tion Mode in Brittle Rock

By using a Rock Failure Process Analysis code, RFPA2D, the crack propagation path and the failure process of a specimen containing pre-existing flaw is numerically simulated. Based on the simulation results, the influence of heterogeneity on crack propagation mode is numerically studied. The numerical simulation reproduces the phenomenon of the evolution of the stress and strain fields in the process of crack propagation. The phenomena of acoustic emissions related to the heterogeneity of rock and the rock bridge related to the non-persistent feature of cracks are also modeled. Big difference in crack propagation path has been found between heterogeneous and homogeneous specimens. In homogeneous specimen, the crack propagation path is smooth and persistent comparing with the heterogeneous specimen. The later presents a rough and non-persistent crack propagation path.
Corporate Environmental Behavior and the Effectiveness of Government Interventions

In this paper, we explore the drivers of certification with the ISO 14001 environmental management standard. Scholars and practitioners debate whether ISO 14001 certification signals superior underlying environmental performance or signifies merely the adoption of specific environmental management practices. Our paper helps to resolve this debate by developing a theory of why and when organizations will choose to certify with ISO 14001. We propose that certification with a management standard will be more likely when it is difficult to communicate credibly environmental practices to supply chain partners. We develop hypotheses concerning the type of information that will be communicated through certification. We empirically investigate our hypotheses using a rich longitudinal database. We find evidence that organizations certify with ISO 14001 to reduce information asymmetries with supply chain partners. In particular, we find that geographically and culturally remote suppliers are more likely to seek certification. We do not find evidence that certification serves as a signal of superior environmental performance. Rather, our findings suggest that suppliers use certification to communicate about environmental improvement efforts. In our conclusion, we discuss the implications of our findings for public policy makers and firm managers. (190 words)
Health-related Quality of Life of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Measured With the Bahasa Indonesia Version of EQ-5D in Primary Care Settings in Indonesia

Objectives Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious public health issue that places a heavy financial, social, and health-related burden on individuals, families, and healthcare systems. Self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is extensively used for monitoring the general population’s health conditions and measuring the effectiveness of interventions. Therefore, this study investigated HRQoL and associated factors among patients with type 2 DM at a primary healthcare center in Indonesia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Klaten District, Central Java, Indonesia, from May 2019 to July 2019. In total, 260 patients with DM registered with National Health Insurance were interviewed. HRQoL was measured with the EuroQol Group’s validated Bahasa Indonesia version of the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L) with the Indonesian value set. Multivariate regression models were used to identify factors influencing HRQoL. Results Data from 24 patients were excluded due to incomplete information. Most participants were men (60.6%), were aged above 50 years (91.5%), had less than a senior high school education (75.0%), and were unemployed (85.6%). The most frequent health problems were reported for the pain/discomfort dimension (64.0%) followed by anxiety (28.4%), mobility (17.8%), usual activities (10.6%), and self-care (6.8%). The average EuroQoL 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) index score was 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.88). In the multivariate ordinal regression model, a higher education level (coefficient, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.14) was a significant predictor of the EQ-5D-5L utility score. Conclusions Patients with diabetes had poorer EQ-5D-5L utility values than the general population. DM patients experienced pain/discomfort and anxiety. There was a substantial positive relationship between education level and HRQoL.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PLANT AND SOIL

South African Journal of Plant and Soil is co-published by Taylor & Francis and NISC (Pty) Ltd Sweetpotatoes are grown for food and feed in many developing countries (Low et al. 2009). It is an important food security crop, often crucial during famine periods because of its excellent drought tolerance and rapid production of storage roots (Mukhopadhyay et al. 2011). It is an important crop grown by subsistence farmers for food security in Tanzania (Kulembeka et al. 2005; Masumba et al. 2005). It contributes significantly to livelihoods of many households. No recent data comprehensively report the sweetpotato production constraints in Tanzania. In the country Sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) is the most devastating biotic constraint in farmers’ fields (Tairo et al. 2004). The disease is caused by dual infection and synergistic interaction of Sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus and Sweetpotato feathery mottle virus (Gibson et al. 2004). Yield losses caused by SPVD can reach up to 98% (Gibson et al. 1998). Farmers are the ultimate beneficiaries of newly developed cultivars and production technologies. Therefore, development of improved sweetpotato cultivars, production technologies and alleviating socio-economic constraints would improve sweetpotato productivity. Moreover, in-depth knowledge of farmers’ preferences, production challenges and priorities in technology development is vital. Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) have been widely used to collect information on farmers’ needs and challenges to venture in breeding new sweetpotato cultivars (Kiiza et al. 2012). Participatory rural appraisal is a flexible and time-saving approach used to collect and analyse information involving farmers and researchers (Bhandari 2003). The approach enables communities to share and enhance their experiences, and to plan and act together with external agents to enrich their livelihoods (Bar-On and Prinsen 1999). It empowers local people to assume an active role in analysing their own living conditions, problems and potential in order to change their situation. Gibson et al. (2011), Mwanga et al. (2011) and Kiiza et al. (2012) suggested the need to consider farmers and consumers in sweetpotato cultivar development and selection for enhanced adoption. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the present farming systems, farmers’ preferences, production constraints and breeding priorities of sweetpotato in eastern Tanzania.
Surface and bed topography of Trapridge Glacier, Yukon Territory, Canada: digital elevation models and derived hydraulic geometry

Abstract Measurements of ice thickness and surface elevation are prerequisite to many glaciological investigations. A variety of techniques has been developed for interpretation of these data, including means of constructing regularly gridded digital elevation models (DEMs) for use in numerical studies. Here we present a simple yet statistically sound method for processing ice-penetrating radar data and describe a technique for interpolating these data onto a regular grid. DEMs generated for Trapridge Glacier, Yukon Territory, Canada, are used to derive geometric quantities that give preliminary insights into the underlying basin-scale hydrological system. This simple geometric analysis suggests that at low water pressures a dendritic drainage network exists that evolves into a uniaxial morphology as water pressure approaches flotation. These predictions are compared to hydraulic connection probabilities based on borehole drilling.
An Archaeological Survey of Skomer, Dyfed

Skomer is an island off the west coast of Dyfed, the archaeology of which, consisting of fields, small enclosures, cairns, huts and dams, is well preserved. The broad outline and much detail was recorded by W. F. Grimes in 1950 and it was demonstrated that about two-thirds of the island is covered in a more or less undisturbed prehistoric landscape, preservation being due to the absence of Medieval and later settlement. The fieldwork described in the present paper was designed to record in detail small enclosures, or pounds, and habitation sites, mainly at a scale of 1:100 which was not done by Grimes. In addition two sets of air photographs were used to make a map of the fields. The work was done as a student exercise and is accordingly largely descriptive. However, analysis at two spatial levels has been attempted, one for huts and pounds and one for settlement complexes as a whole. But beyond the island itself there has been no comparative survey. The remains could be of any age from the Neolithic to early Roman period.
Contributions to the herpetology of the Belgian Congo based on the collection of the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909-1915. Part 3, Amphibia. Bulletin of the AMNH ; v. 49, article 2.

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