Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two New Species of Hymenaphorura Bagnall, 1948 from Northeast China (Collembola: Onychiuridae)

Abstract. Two new species of the genus Hymenaphorura are described from the Maoershan National Forest Park, northeast China: H. maoerensis sp. nov. and H. minuta sp. nov. The former seems to be especially similar to H. granulata, H. sensitiva, H. superba and H. nearctica, but differs by a combination of the following characters: 1 submedial chaeta on Th. I tergum, second external papilla in AIIIO simple, inner tooth on unguis absent, chaeta C3 of proximal whorl of tibiotarsi absent, chaetae p2 and p3 on Abd. I—III of roughly subequal in length while S-chaeta weakly developed. H. minuta sp. nov. belongs to a group of species showing 9 chaetae in the distal whorl of the tibiotarsi, but it can easily be distinguished from the other members of the group by the dorsal pso formula.
Interplay between music, emotion and cognitive function in health and disease

Music is one of the oldest and most powerful means to afford communication and convey emotion. Here I review recent research on the inter-relations between music, emotion and cognitive function both in healthy individuals and neurological patients with brain damage. This topic is timely given the increasing amount of evidence on the cognitive enhancing effects triggered by music exposure. The focus of this paper will be on how the brain can be stimulated by music and how music, through the emotional reaction, can in turn modify brain function. There are clear associations between music listening, musical training and general cognitive performance. However, future studies are needed to enhance understanding of the precise nature of the cognitive and neural mechanisms by which music influences cognition.
Effects of long‐term chilling on growth and photosynthesis of the C4 gramineae Paspalum dilatatum

Dallis grass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) is a C 4 /NADP-ME gramineae, previously classified as semi-tolerant to cold, although a complete study on this species acclimation process under a long-term chilling and controlled environmental conditions has never been conducted. In the present work, plants of the variety Raki maintained at 25/18°C (day/night) (control) were compared with plants under a long-term chilling at 10/8°C (day/night) (cold-acclimated) in order to investigate how growth and carbon assimilation mechanisms are engaged in P. dilatatum chilling tolerance. Although whole plant mean relative growth rate (mean RGR) and leaf growth were significantly decreased by cold exposure, chilling did not impair plant development nor favour the investment in biomass below ground. Cold-acclimated P.dilatatum cv. Raki had a lower leaf chlorophyll content, but a higher photosynthetic capacity at optimal temperatures, its range being shifted to lower values. Associated with this higher capacity to use the reducing power in CO 2 assimilation, cold-acclimated plants further showed a higher capacity to oxidize the primary stable quinone electron acceptor of PSII, Q A . The activity and activation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco; EC 4.1.1.39) were not significantly affected by the long-term chilling. Cold-acclimated P.dilatatum cv. Raki apparently showed a lower transfer of excitation energy from the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II to the respective reaction centre and enhancement of radiationless energy-dissipating mechanisms at suboptimal temperatures. Overall, long-term chilling resulted in several effects that comprise responses with an intermediate character of both chilling-tolerant and -sensitive plants, which seem to play a significant role in the survival and acclimation of P. dilatatum cv. Raki at low temperature.
Asymptotic compatibility between local-operations-and-classical-communication conversion and recovery

Recently, entanglement concentration was explicitly shown to be irreversible. However, it is still not clear what kind of states can be reversibly converted in the asymptotic setting by local operations and classical communication (LOCC) when neither the initial nor the target state is maximally entangled. We derive the necessary and sufficient condition for the reversibility of LOCC conversions between two bipartite pure entangled states in the asymptotic setting. In addition, we show that conversion can be achieved perfectly with only local unitary operation under such condition except for special cases. Interestingly, our result implies that an error-free reversible conversion is asymptotically possible even between states whose copies can never be locally unitarily equivalent with any finite numbers of copies, although such a conversion is impossible in the finite setting. In fact, we show such an example. Moreover, we establish how to overcome the irreversibility of LOCC conversion in two ways. As for the first method, we evaluate how many copies of the initial state are to be lost to overcome the irreversibility of LOCC conversion. The second method is to add a supplementary state appropriately, which also works for local unitary conversion unlike the first method. Especially, for the qubit system, any nonmaximally pure entangled state can be a universal resource for the asymptotic reversibility when copies of the state are sufficiently many. More interestingly, our analysis implies that far-from-maximally entangled states can be better than nearly maximally entangled states as this type of resource. This fact brings new insight to the resource theory of state conversion.
Sex Ratio, Rate of Evolution, and Environmental Heterogeneity

The importance of differential mortality between sexes of a dioecious population is discussed. From pertinent literature and a simple theoretical treatment I conclude that potential rate of evolution may be greater than existing theory suggests in species in which males suffer higher mortality than females. Species with this type of selection structure should be better able to track short-term changes in their environment genetically, should have greater niche breadths, and would be more efficient colonizers of new environments than are species for which selection intensities are the same in males and females.
Produção e qualidade de sementes de berinjela em função do horário de polinização manual

EGGPLANT SEED PRODUCTION AND QUALITY IN DIFFERENT TIMES OF MANUAL POLLINATION The experiment was carried out at Vegetal Production Department, Horticulture subdivision, Universidade Estadual Paulista, aiming to evaluate the production and quality of eggplant seed (cultivar Embu) when pollination was conducted at different times of the day. The experimental design was a randomized block, with seven treatments (7:00am, 9:00am, 11:00am, 1:00pm, 3:00pm, control 1= natural pollination, no flower protection and control 2= natural pollination with flower protection with paper bags), with four replications and six plants per plot. Lower production and quality of seeds were obtained when flowers were previously protected. Natural pollination, with no flower protection, showed superior results when compared to manual pollination, with larger weight, length and diameter of fruits and bigger seed production per fruit. Natural pollination , with no flower protector, enabled, also, to obtain of seeds with similar germination and vigor compared to other processes.
EFEITO DA IRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA SALINA NA EMERGÊNCIA E CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DE PLÂNTULAS DE COENTRO cv. VERDÃO

A cultivar de coentro Verdao e amplamente cultivada no Nordeste. Devido ao clima da regiao, a irrigacao quase sempre e necessaria, no entanto, dependendo da epoca do ano a agua usada contem niveis elevados de sais. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentracoes de solucoes de NaCl na emergencia e crescimento inicial das plântulas, de forma a contribuir para a determinacao da qualidade da agua a ser utilizada no seu cultivo. As irrigacoes foram realizadas uma vez ao dia, aplicando-se tratamentos com diferentes niveis salinos (0,5, 1,5, 3,0, 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1) em sementes previamente embebidas ou nao nas mesmas solucoes. A cultivar Verdao se mostrou bastante sensivel a salinidade, particularmente durante a germinacao, onde se verificou reducoes na percentagem e velocidade de emergencia nos niveis salinos mais elevados. A embebicao das sementes com as solucoes, particularmente as mais salinas, prejudicou ainda mais a germinacao. Entretanto, se nao houver agua de boa qualidade disponivel, seu cultivo e possivel, porem, havendo reducao na produtividade, visto que o crescimento inicial das plântulas nao foi tao afetado quanto a germinacao.
Management of the Cabbage Looper and Diamondback Moth on Cabbage by Using Two Damage Thresholds and Five Insecticide Treatments

The use of managemen decisions for controlling the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), and the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), based on 2 thresholds of feeding damage, reduced numbers of insecticide applications compared to fixed schedules but resulted in a loss of marketable heads. A visual damage threshold of ≥ 1.0 feeding “window“/plant was advantageous over one of ≥ 1.0 hole/plant as it detected the presence of cabbage loopers in the early instars when they are more easily controlled. Permethrin tended to give better control than Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner alone or in conjunction with methamidophos, and methomyl in this management program.
Effects of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations on the phylogeography, demography and population structure of a high‐elevation snake species, Thermophis baileyi, on the Tibetan Plateau

Our aims were to investigate the geographical distribution, population history and demographics of the hot‐spring snake Thermophis baileyi, and to examine how the Pleistocene glacial stages and geomorphological configurations resulting from the uplift of the Tibetan–Himalayan orogen shaped the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of the species.
Lifetime Performance in Dairy Cattle: Definition of Traits and Influence of Systematic Environmental Factors

Abstract Lifetime economic performance traits were calculated from production, fertility and disease data on around 67 000 dairy cows with first calvings from 1982 to 1988. Almost 95% of the variation in lifetime income and cost was due to milk income or feed cost. The relative risk of culling (hazard) was maximum at approximately yearly intervals starting at 10 months of productive life. All lifetime economic traits were strongly affected by the length of productive life. The increase in, especially, lifetime net income per year, but also in lifetime income divided by cost with increased productive life, was highly curvilinear. This resulted from the spreading of the large heifer cost over an increasing productive life. When productive life exceeded two lactations the increase was smaller and fairly linear. A higher age at first calving was associated with lower lifetime economic performance, even though productive life increased slightly. The effect of month of first calving on lifetime economic traits .
Measurement of intracellular calcium in human spermatozoa

Methods for the investigation of cell-associated calcium and intracellular calcium were studied in washed ejaculated human spermatozoa. Experiments using 45Ca2+ indicated that human spermatozoa were permeant to calcium and that a significant proportion of the cellassociated calcium (approximately 50%) was accumulated in the mitochondrion. This necessitated the use of alternative procedures to measure cytoplasmic free calcium. The ability of human spermatozoa to accumulate and de-esterify the intracellular fluorescent calcium indicator Quin-2 was established. Using this technique, the resting level of free intracellular calcium in human spermatozoa was found to be 146.0 ± 19.9 nM, and was significantly elevated upon addition of the divalent cation ionophore ionomycin. In further experiments designed to illustrate the applications of the Quin technique, data was obtained suggesting that the mechanisms controlling intracellular calcium in human spermatozoa are temperature dependent but do not involve voltage-sensitive calcium channels.
An ideal free distribution explains the root production of plants that do not engage in a tragedy of the commons game

Below‐ground competition is intense and may dramatically reduce plant performance. However, there is still no consensus on the best strategies plants should use to maximize competitive ability in soil. Some suggest plants should grow roots according to nutrient availability, while others suggest plants should grow roots taking into account both nutrients and neighbours. Unambiguously, testing between these two alternative hypotheses has been challenging. This manuscript had three objectives. First, we presented a model of root growth under competition that is based on an ideal free distribution (IFD). Secondly, we develop the concept of the best response curve as a tool for clearer experimental tests of plant responses to neighbours. Thirdly, we test these ideas by growing fast cycling Brassica rapa either alone or with neighbours to examine this species' root growth strategy both alone and under competition. We hypothesize that those plants with no direct response to neighbours should grow roots according to an IFD. This means that if plants produce x roots in a soil volume of quality R, they should produce x/n roots in a soil volume of quality R/n. The experimental data were consistent with this prediction. Growing plants with neighbours was statistically identical to growing them with half as many nutrients. Thus, the only effect of neighbours was to reduce nutrient availability. This model provides an alternative to previous game theoretic models and suggests an experimental protocol based on the concept of the best response curve. We hope that testing the game theoretic model with a clear alternative model will guide experiment and debate. Synthesis. The data in the literature are mixed, with species sometimes responding to nutrients only, and sometimes responding interactively to both nutrients and neighbours. At present, we lack a general understanding of the causes or consequences of this diversity of strategies. We suggest that a greater understanding of trade‐offs among traits that are important for other biotic interactions (above‐ground competition, enemy defence, mutualisms) will lead to a greater understanding of why some species over‐proliferate roots when in competition but other species do not.
X-Chromosome Segregation Distortion in Drosophila

The sex-ratio trait exhibits both discrete and continuous variation in Drosophila pseudoobscura. The discrete variation is caused by X-chromosome meiotic drive. The evolutionary forces maintaining the meiotic-drive polymorphism include strong viability selection against homozygous females and virility selection in males. The relative importance of the two factors is unresolved. The evidence for a genetic component in the continuous sex-ratio variation comes from artificial-selection experiments, large-scale estimation of segregation ratios corrected for viability effects, and an examination of the rates of spermatid loss. Segregation ratio can be treated as a typical quantitative character subject to humor and minor genetic modifiers.
Creeping bentgrass cultivar water use and rooting responses

Low evapotranspiration (ET) rates and deep extensive root systems are desirable drought avoidance characteristics. In this study, 10 creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Hudson) cultivars were evaluated for ET and rooting responses. Evapotranspiration measurements were made in the field during 1987 and 1988 using minilysimeters filled with fritted clay
Effect of bentonite on incidence of bloat, milk production, and mineral status in dairy cows

Abstract Two trials investigated the effects of bentonite on dairy cow performance. In Trial 1,2 groups of 15 cows grazed either pasture or pasture dusted with bentonite (600 g COW-1 day-1) for 4 weeks during mid lactation. In Trial 2, 3 groups of 10 cows in late lactation were stall-fed on pasture and lucerne to which 0, 3, or 6% bentonite (dry matter basis) had been added. Average daily bloat score was significantly reduced by addition of bentonite in both trials, but moderate to severe bloat was recorded on all treatments. Bentonite did not significantly affect milk yield; milk composition; blood Mg, Ca, Cu, and Zn concentrations; or salivary Na and K concentrations.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LIGHT AND DARK PHASES IN THE PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF DIAPAUSE IN METATETRANYCHUS ULMI KOCH

The daily cycle of illumination is one of several agencies which control the onset of diapause in Metatetranychus ulmi. Both light and dark phases in the cycle are concerned in the determination process. In general, a long light phase tends to suppress and a long dark phase to induce a diapause. In any combination, the path of development is decided by the balance between diapause-preventing (light phase) and diapause-inducing (dark phase) stimuli. However, as their effectiveness does not increase linearly with duration, the existing balance changes with the phase duration. The effectiveness of the light phase in suppressing diapause increases most rapidly between 8 and 16 hr. ; that of the dark phase rises very sharply between 8 and 12 hr. Longer dark periods of up to several days duration also induce diapause but are no more effective than a 13 hr. phase. The inclusion in the cycle of very long periods of light or darkness may also influence diapause by reducing the number of complementary phases experienced by the mite during the sensitive period of development. M. ulmi is highly insensitive to the interruption of effective light and dark phases by short intervals of darkness or light—a further indication of the slow inception of the light-and dark-phase reactions. These findings are discussed in terms of hypothetical mechanism involving cumulative synthesis and removal of some active substance, but the experimental results cannot yet be fully reconciled with a simple hypothesis of this kind.
Relative Contribution of Stocked Walleyes in Tennessee Reservoirs

Abstract Since the mid-1950s, fisheries biologists with the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency have stocked walleyes Stizostedion vitreum in several tributary reservoirs of the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers to augment declining native stocks; however, the efficacy of these management actions has never been formally evaluated. The contribution of stocked walleyes in four Tennessee reservoirs was evaluated during 1999 and 2000 by marking fry and fingerlings through oxytetracycline (OTC) immersion. Stocking densities were 13-48 fingerlings/ha, and marking efficacy was high for fish marked as fry (mean = 98%; SE = 1.7%) and fingerlings (mean = 99%; SE = 0.6%). Nearly all (94-100%; N = 509) of the age-1 and age-2 walleyes collected in the four reservoirs were OTC-marked. Based on these findings, fingerling walleyes must be stocked annually to sustain the walleye populations in these tributary impoundments.
Testing Fox's assembly rule: does plant invasion depend on recipient community structure?

Fox's assembly rule, that relative dearth of certain functional groups in a community will facilitate invasion of that particular functional group, serves as the basis for investigation into the functional group effects of invasion resistance. We explored resistance to plant invaders by eliminating or decreasing the number of understory plant species in particular functional groups from plots at a riparian site in southwestern Virginia, USA. Our functional groups comprise combinations of aboveground biomass and rooting structure type. Manipulated plots were planted with 10 randomly chosen species from widespread native and introduced plants commonly found throughout the floodplains of Big Stony Creek. We assessed success of an invasion by plant survivorship and growth. We analyzed survivorship of functional groups with loglinear models for the analysis of categorical data in a 4-way table. There was a significant interaction between functional groups removed in a plot and survivorship in the functional groups added to that plot. However, survivorship of species in functional groups introduced into plots with their respective functional group removed did not differ from survivorship when any other functional group was removed. Additionally, growth of each of the most abundant species did not differ significantly among plots with different functional groups manipulated. Specifically, species did not fare better in those plots that had representatives of their own functional group removed. Fox's assembly rule does not hold for these functional groups in this plant community; however, composition of the recipient community is a significant factor in community assembly.
A Survey Of Attitude Towards Complementary And Alternative Medicine Among First Year Undergraduate Medical Students In Belgaum.

: Background: More than 90 % of Indians rely on the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for primary health care. However, physicians often fail to communicate with their patients about its use as CAM is not included in the medical curriculum in India. Hence, initial needs assessment for curricular change in the medical schools is the need of time. The aim of the present study is to determine the attitude towards CAM among first year undergraduate medical students in Belgaum. Methodology: A survey questionnaire was administered to first year medical students at JN Medical College, Belgaum. The questionnaire contained attitudes toward CAM and Integrative medicine (IM). All responses were scored on a 5- point Likert scale and the data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Nearly 53% and 76% of the students (n=150) have showed positive attitude towards CAM and integrative medicine respectively. Coastal group of students showed more positive attitude towards integrative medicine compared to that of interior group (P=0.0002). Conclusion: In the context of the current upsurge of CAM practice worldwide, a survey is the need of time to gauge attitude amongst medical students. In the present study, students have showed positive attitude favoring inclusion of CAM topics in the medical curriculum in India. the system approaches in allopathic medical school curricula has been well articulated. In the future new, well-structured CAM curricula should focus on knowledge and skill acquisition, such as competencies for interviewing patients for CAM use and side effects and skills for searching evidence on CAM modalities. Conclusion: In the context of the current upsurge of CAM practice worldwide, a survey is the need of time to gauge attitude amongst medical students. In the present study, students have showed positive attitude favoring inclusion of CAM topics in the medical curriculum in India.