Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Halogen occultation experiment observations of the quasi-biennial oscillation and the effects of Pinatubo aerosols in the tropical stratosphere

The time series of Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) observed mixing ratios of chemical tracers in the tropical stratosphere (O3, HCl, HF, CH4, NO2, NO, and H2O) exhibit obvious quasi-biennial oscillatory (QBO) characteristics. The pressure-time cross sections for the QBO signals in the mixing ratios of HCl, HF, CH4, NO, and H2O are presented for the first time. The QBO in O3 and NO2 exibits similar amplitudes and patterns as observed and analyzed previously. An apparent in-phase relationship between O3 and NO2 above 4 mbar is noted, which implies that ozone QBO may not be caused by NO2 chemical destruction in the upper stratosphere. During the early time period of the UARS mission (late 1991 to early 1992), the QBOs in most HALOE species are seen to be strongly affected by Pinatubo aerosols. In order to quantitatively define the different aerosol effects (heating versus chemical) from HALOE data, we calculate the vertical displacements of constant volume mixing ratio surfaces of HALOE-measured species in the tropical lower stratosphere. The time evolutions of the vertical displacements of HCl and NOx (HALOE NO2 + NO) isopleths are seen to approximately follow that of HF. This indicates that the enhanced vertical velocity that acts to uplift the tracer profiles due to aerosol radiative heating is a significant effect. However, because of the uncertainty in the vertical displacement analyses of these tracers from HALOE data, it can only be concluded that changes in HCl and NOx from chemical effects are less than 30% and 80%, respectively.
The Dellwood knolls and their role in triple junction tectonics off northern Vancouver Island

The Dellwood knolls are two small topographic features on the ocean floor off northern Vancouver Island. They have been proposed as a spreading centre connecting the Explorer ridge to the Queen Charlotte fault and the location of a triple junction between the Pacific, American, and Juan de Fuca plate systems.Detailed geophysical surveys and ocean-bottom seismometer deployments confirm that they are the site of active seismicity and recent volcanism. Modelling of the magnetic anomaly field shows that it is almost entirely produced by normally magnetized material, supporting geological evidence that the knolls are probably less than 1 Ma old. Although the two knolls are separated by a narrow valley with some downfaulting, they do not form a clearly linear spreading rift.Assessment of their role in the plate tectonics of the region suggests that spreading at the knolls was initiated around 1 Ma ago in crust now 4.5 Ma old as part of a complex, northwesterly ridge migration process at the northern end of the .
Associations between heavy drinking and changes in impulsive behavior among adolescent boys.

BACKGROUND Impulsive behavior in humans predicts the onset of drinking during adolescence and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in adulthood. It is also possible, however, that heavy drinking may increase impulsive behavior by affecting the development of brain areas that support behavioral control or through other associated mechanisms. This study examined whether drinking heavily during adolescence is related to changes in impulsive behavior with a specific focus on how the association differs across individuals, contingent on the developmental course of their impulsiveness. METHOD Data came from a sample of boys (N = 503) who were followed annually from approximate age 8 to age 18 and again at approximate age 24/25. Heavy drinking was defined as experiencing a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level of 0.08% or higher. At each assessment, the parent and child each reported whether the child was impulsive. RESULTS First, group-based trajectory analysis was used to identify 4 groups differing in the level and slopes of their trajectories of impulsive behavior from age 9 to age 17: low (13.9%), early adolescence-limited (18.7%), moderate (60.8%), and high (6.6%). These trajectory groups differed in their prevalence of any heavy drinking, peak BACs, and rates of alcohol dependence in adolescence and AUD in early adulthood, with the less impulsive groups being lower on these measures than the more impulsive groups. Heavy drinking was then entered into the model as a time-varying covariate; this measure was lagged so that the results represent change in impulsive behavior the year following heavy drinking. Among boys on the moderate trajectory, those who drank heavily were rated as significantly more impulsive the following year compared to those who did not drink heavily. CONCLUSIONS The association between heavy drinking and impulsive behavior may depend on earlier levels of impulsive behavior with those who are moderately impulsive appearing to be at greatest risk for increased impulsive behavior following heavy drinking. Further research is needed to clarify this association.
Accuracy of two sampling methods used to estimate sediment concentrations in runoff from soil-loss plots

The use of a bottle sampler and a soil pipette to quickly and accurately sample soil-water mixtures of known sediment concentrations was tested. Both devices failed to sample adequately soil-water mixtures containing 1–187 gl−1 of solid particles. Poor sampling ability was attributed to rapid settlement of larger particles and to innate deficiencies in the sediment trapping ability of the samplers. These sampling devices should not be used to estimate sediment loads in runoff from soil-loss plots, and erosion data from plot studies which have used a sediment sampling procedure should be treated with caution.
Obesity and dental caries in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES Obesity and dental caries have become increasingly prevalent challenges to public health. Research results into the relationship between obesity and dental caries in children have been mixed and inconclusive. The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to provide evidence to quantify the relationship between obesity and dental caries in children using a systematic approach. METHODS A systematic search for papers between 1980 and 2010 addressing childhood obesity and dental caries was conducted and a random effects model meta-analysis applied. RESULTS Fourteen papers met the selection criteria. Overall, a significant relationship between childhood obesity and dental caries (effect size = 0.104, P = 0.049) was found. When analysed by dentition type (primary versus permanent), there was a nonsignificant association of obesity and dental caries in permanent and primary dentitions, yet on accounting only for standardized definitions for assessment of child obesity using body mass index, a strong significant relationship was evident in children with permanent dentitions. Moderating for study country of origin (newly 'industrialized' versus industrialized) showed a significant relationship between obesity and dental caries in children from industrialized but not newly industrialized countries. Cofactors such as age and socioeconomic class were significant moderators. CONCLUSIONS Future analysis should investigate these confounding variables, helping shape the future of obesity management programmes and oral health interventions, through determining common risk factors.
Crustal versus asthenospheric origin of relief of the Atlas Mountains of Morocco

[1] We investigate the respective roles of crustal tectonic shortening and asthenospheric processes on the topography of the High Atlas and surrounding areas (Morocco). The lithospheric structure is modeled with a direct trial-and-error algorithm taking into account gravity (Bouguer and free air), geoid, heat flow, and topography. Three parallel cross sections, crossing the High Atlas and Anti-Atlas ranges, show that the lithosphere is thinned to 60 km below these mountain ranges. An analysis of the effect of the lithospheric thinning allows us to conclude that the whole topography of the Anti-Atlas, which belongs to the Sahara domain, is due to asthenospheric processes. In the High Atlas the lithospheric thinning explains a third of the relief of the western High Atlas, 500 m for a mean altitude of 1500 m, and half of the relief of the central High Atlas, 1000 m for a mean altitude of 2000 m. At the scale of Morocco the domain affected by lithospheric thinning forms an elongated NE-SW strip crossing not only the main structural zones but also the Atlantic margin to the south and the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary to the north. This major lithospheric thinning is associated with Miocene to recent alkaline volcanism and seismicity. We propose that this thermal anomaly is related to a shallow mantle plume, emplaced during middle to late Miocene time, during a period of relative tectonic quiescence.
Soil and Crop Response to Varying Levels of Compaction, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Clay Content

Compaction aff ects nearly all soil properties and functions, thereby aff ecting the growth, distribution, and func- tion of roots, and crop productivity. Our objectives in this research were to evaluate the eff ects of compaction, N fertilization, and soil texture on corn (Zea mays L.) growth and yield and to determine whether additional N fertilization could compensate for lower yields caused by compaction. Soil was diff erentially compacted for 3 yr to create two compaction treatments in Year 1 and four in Years 2 and 3; N fertilizer was applied at two rates in Year 1 and four diff erent rates to each compaction treatment in Years 2 and 3; yield was measured in each of the 3 yr, and soil and crop growth properties were measured aft er 2 and 3 yr. Variation in soil texture across the experi- mental plots allowed us to partly assess the eff ects of clay content on the soil and crop response to compaction. Compaction substantially reduced plant growth and productivity; yields were reduced by up to 2.7 Mg ha
Changes in Chorioretinal Flow Index after Cataract Surgery: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study

Achia Nemet (  achiant@gmail.com ) Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9970-0071 Michael Mimouni Rambam health care campus Fadi Haddad Baruch Padeh Medical Center Shadi Safuri Rambam Health Care Campus Asaf Achiron Tel Aviv university Yinon Shapira Rambam Health Care Campus Kamal Mtanis Rambam Health Care Campus Nitzan Duvdevan Rambam Health Care Campus Daniel Ben-Ner Rambam Health Care Campus Shiri Zayit-Soudry Rambam Health Care Campus
Using GPS technology to assess feeding areas of Atlantic Puffins Fratercula arctica

Large areas of sea around Britain have been identified as potential sites for renewable energy development, heightening the need for information about important areas for seabirds. The Atlantic Puffin Fratercula arctica is one of the commonest seabirds in northeast Britain yet little is known about where individuals feed. We used back-mounted GPS loggers to track Atlantic Puffins breeding at a colony close to where wind farms are proposed. During chick rearing, birds made two types of feeding trip: long absences that included an overnight stay at distant (38–66 km) feeding areas and short daytime excursions to areas much nearer the colony (9–17 km). There was considerable overlap of the distant feeding area with the proposed wind farms. However, Atlantic Puffins are known to be sensitive to disturbance and comparison of individuals with and without loggers showed that the birds' behaviour had been disrupted by some aspect of the procedure. While the areas used by the birds carrying GPS loggers accorded with expectations based on other methods, it is possible that results from these birds represent a worst-case scenario and overestimate the degree of overlap with the proposed wind farms.
Ion flux, transmembrane potential, and osmotic stabilization: A new electrophysiological dynamic model for Eukaryotic cells

: Survival of mammalian cells is achieved by tight control of cell volume while transmembrane potential is known to control many cellular functions since the seminal work of Hodgkin and Huxley. Regulation of cell volume and transmembrane potential have a wide range of implications in physiology, from neurological and cardiac disorders to cancer and muscle fatigue. Therefore understanding the relationship between transmembrane potential, ion ﬂuxes, and cell volume regulation has become of great interest. In this paper we derive a system of diﬀerential equations that links transmembrane potential, ionic concentrations, and cell volume. This model demonstrates that volume stabilization occurs within minutes of changes in extracellular osmotic pressure. We infer a straightforward relationship between transmembrane potential and cell volume. Our model is a generalization of previous models in which either cell volume was constant or osmotic regulation instantaneous. When the extracellular osmotic pressure is constant, the cell volume varies as a function of transmembrane potential and ions ﬂuxes thus providing an implicit link between transmembrane potential and cell growth. Numerical simulations of the model provide results that are consistent with experimental data in terms of time-related changes in cell volume and dynamics of the phenomena.
Shortening the juvenile phase for flowering

Higazy tried to determine whether the duration of the juvenile phase for flowering was a fixed character or whether it could be influenced by external growth factors. Lunaria biennis was chosen as a cold-requiring biennial, Silene armeria as a long-day plant and Salvia occidentalis as a short-day plant. In L. biennis photosynthesis shortened the juvenile phase. In general young plants could not be vernalized and especially in dim light remained completely juvenile. Older plants after either bright light or dim needed relatively little cold. There was an intermediate transitory stage, requiring more cold the younger the plants, especially after dim light. Incomplete vernalization resulted mainly in lateral flower buds, which was explained by leaf vernalization. Soil moisture, N, P and K hardly shortened the juvenile phase. Gibberellic acid (GA) lowered the percentage of generative plants in every age group for bright light after vernalization during 12 weeks, and hence tended to maintain juvenility. GA accelerated however the realization of flower bud formation after both bright or dim light. The short juvenile phase of S. armeria could be reduced by 18 to 27 days of bright light. GA reduced it only a little, especially with bright light. Salvia occidentalis tended to flower more if propagated vegetatively than from seed. Light intensity had no influence and GA only a slight influence. So factors promoting vegetative growth and prolonging active growth would shorten the juvenile phase of herbaceous plants.
Longitudinal trajectories and normative language standards in older adults with normal cognitive status.

OBJECTIVE To determine the longitudinal trajectories and normative standards of language in older adults. METHOD Participants were drawn from the cognitively normal (CN) subgroup of the Hellenic Longitudinal Investigation of Aging and Diet (HELIAD) cohort, a fairly representative cohort of the older Greek population. Language was assessed via semantic (SVF) and phonemic verbal fluency (PVF), Boston Naming Test-short form (BNT-sf), verbal comprehension and repetition, and a composite language z-score. Both baseline and longitudinal associations of language performance with age, sex, and education were explored with linear regression and generalized estimated equations. RESULTS A total of 1,607 individuals (73.82 years ± 5.43, 60% women), with a mean educational attainment of 8.17 years (± 4.86) were CN at baseline. Baseline analysis revealed a continuum of language decline with higher age and lower educational attainment. Women performed better in composite and SVF tasks. A subgroup of 761 participants with available assessments after 3.07 years remained CN at follow-up. Each additional year of education mitigated composite language decline by . 004 of a SD per year. Education additionally mitigated yearly reductions in SVF (by .049) and repetition (by .018) totals. Intriguingly, educational attainment was inversely related to the rate of PVF decline over time (β = -.063). Women exhibited a more precipitous course of decline in SVF totals (.355 per year). Age was not related to differential rates of language decline in any measure. No significant longitudinal associations emerged for comprehension and BNT-sf. CONCLUSIONS Lower educational attainment (but not aging) was associated with steeper language decline, mainly driven by SVF and verbal repetition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Fractures in the northern plains, stream patterns, and the midcontinent stress field

Fractures in Late Cretaceous to Late Pleistocene sediments in Saskatchewan, eastern Montana, and western North Dakota form two vertical, orthogonal sets trending northeast–southwest and northwest–southeast. The pattern is consistent, regardless of rock type or age (except for concretionary sandstone). Both sets appear to be extensional in origin and are similar in character to joints in Alberta. Modem stream valleys also trend in the same two dominant directions and may be controlled by the underlying fractures.Elevation variations on the sub-Mannville (Early Cretaceous) unconformity form a rectilinear pattern also parallel to the fracture sets, suggesting that fracturing was initiated at least as early as Late Jurassic. It may have begun earlier, but there are insufficient data at present to extend the time of initiation.We interpret the fractures as the result of vertical uplift together with plate motion: the westward drift of North America. The northeast–southwest-directed maximum principal horizontal.
Comment on "US FDA Breast Implant Postapproval Studies: Long-term Outcomes in 99,993 Patients".

Reply: We welcome the opportunity to reply to Dr. Gachabayov et al’s comment on our study. We appreciate the interest in our work and the additional insights provided. Previous studies regarding complete mesocolon excision (CME) have confounding factors because of a lack of surgery quality evaluation. However, it is difficult to perform a randomized clinical trial to compare CME with conventional surgery. First, forcing surgeons who prefer CME to perform conventional (non-CME) surgery instead is unethical and difficult. The tendency of surgeons to prefer different types of surgeries could cause them discomfort with randomization, which might influence subject enrollment. Second, a strictly standardized CME technique might not be completed successfully every time. Therefore, we designed this prospective, nonrandomized, double-blind, controlled trial based on the concept of ‘‘real-world study’’ to reduce selection bias as much as possible; however, some bias is inevitable. We established our sampling ratio based on a pilot study we performed between 2010 and 2012. The results of this study showed that the ratio was approximately 2:1 (CME:NCEM) on the basis of the independent judgment of the third-party experts. Consecutive patients were included in our study, in an effort to reduce selection bias. In this nonrandomized clinical trial, 346 patients were included initially; however, 16 patients were excluded because of disqualified photographs (See No. 1 reference’s supplemental figure 3). Indeed, the heterogeneity in the control group decreased comparability and contributed to bias. Adequate comparison between the 3 subgroups (surgeries that satisfied the mesocolic dissection criteria only, surgeries that satisfied the central ligation criteria only, and surgeries that satisfied neither set of criteria) of the control group and the CME group was not made because of the limited sample size. A further analysis of the results of this study will be performed in 5 years. We did not neglect the possible influence of different surgeons on bias. However, we thought this factor had very little influence on the outcomes of our study because all surgeries were performed by 3 specialized colorectal surgeon groups who all had more than 20 years’ experience in colorectal surgery. Consecutive patients were included, and the baseline characteristics were well balanced between the groups (including BMI, stage, and so on). Dr. Gachabayov et al raised a meaningful and important question regarding observational studies. A multicenter registry system plus surgery quality control might afford further solutions in the study of surgical procedures.
Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Upper Cretaceous–Cenozoic central Anatolian basins: an integrated study of diachronous ocean basin closure and continental collision

Abstract The Upper Cretaceous–Mid-Eocene Kırıkkale, Tuz Gölü, Haymana and Çankırı basins are bounded by the Pontide (Eurasian) continental margin to the north, the Niğde–Kırşehir microcontinent to the east and the Tauride–Anatolide continental unit to the south. The basins developed during northward subduction/collision of the İzmir–Ankara–Erzincan Ocean (‘northern Neotethys’) in the north and the inferred Inner Tauride Ocean in the south. Subduction of the İzmir–Ankara–Erzincan Ocean resulted in latest Cretaceous collision of the Niğde–Kırşehir microcontinent with the Pontide active margin and ophiolite emplacement. Some mid-ocean ridge-type oceanic crust remained to the SW and formed the basement of the Kırıkkale and Tuz Gölü basins. These basins are partially floored by an accretionary wedge to the west and by the Niğde–Kırşehir microcontinent to the east. Locally volcaniclastic, the sediment infill switched to terrigenous after latest Cretaceous. The Haymana Basin, further NW, developed as a forearc basin on the Mesozoic accretionary wedge and Pontide continental fragments. The Çankırı Basin also developed on an accretionary wedge, bounded by the Eurasian active margin to the north. An extensional setting prevailed during the latest Cretaceous related to subduction of remnant oceanic crust, followed by a switch to regional compression during Late Paleocene–Mid Eocene progressive and diachronous collision.