Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with indoor smoking at home by adults across Korea: a focus on socioeconomic status

OBJECTIVES Secondhand smoke is an issue that cannot be ignored due to its various negative effects. Especially, secondhand smoke inside the household is an area where health policy must pay attention as it can affect all age groups. This study aims to identify the factors associated with smoking inside the household focusing on socioeconomic status in Korea. METHODS We used data from the Community Health Survey of 2017 and a total of 33,462 participated in the study. Data were analyzed through IBM SPSS version 25.0 to conduct binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Results indicated that indoor smoking had a significant association with socioeconomic status. This association was more marked in those participants who had low household income or those with elementary school education level or less. Furthermore, the study indicates that when the smoker is a woman, older, has higher stress, and is a heavier smoker, the probability of her smoking inside the house is higher. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results, it is meaningful that this study has found the factors of smoking inside household. The result identify the factors associated with indoor smoking at home, and it can be used as baseline data for developing new smoking cessation policies.
Season dependent effects of urban environment on circadian clock of tree sparrow (Passer montanus)

Great efforts have been made recently to understand the effect(s) of urban environments on the circadian and seasonal physiology of wild animals, but the mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Most laboratory studies and a few studies on animals in the wild suggest alterations occur in the physiological functions of organisms in urban habitats. Here, we addressed the effects of the interaction of seasons and urban environments on clock gene expression in three tissues of tree sparrows ( Passer montanus ). Tree sparrows ( N = 30 per site per time of year) were procured from rural and urban habitats during periods corresponding to their three physiological states, i.e. , June (longest photoperiod; reproductive phase), September (equinox photoperiod; refractory phase), and December (shortest photoperiod; sensitive phase). Birds ( N = 5 per time per site per month) were sampled at six time points; ZT1, ZT5, ZT9, ZT13, ZT17, and ZT21 (ZT0 = sunrise time) and clock gene expression in the hypothalamus, pineal gland, and retina was studied. Our results show that there is persistence of the circadian clock in both rural and urban birds throughout the year. In urban birds Bmal1 , Npas2 , Per2 , and Cry1 acrophases were advanced, compared to rural birds, while Clock acrophase was delayed, depending on the tissue and time of year. This difference could be because of changes in the availability, duration, and intensity of sunlight during different times of the year and/or differential photoreceptor sensitivities, differential physiological states, or a combination of all these factors. These important results reveal, for the first time in any species, season-dependent effects of an urban environment on the molecular machinery of the circadian clock.
A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of High, Medium, and Low Voltage Electrical Stimulation on the Meat Quality of Small Ruminants

The current study is a meta-analysis of the effects of electrical stimulation (ES, n = 28 papers) with different voltages combined with different ageing periods (0–3, 4–7, and 8–14 days) on the meat quality of small ruminants. A comprehensive search for published studies on meat quality of small ruminants investigating the application of low, medium, and high voltage electrical stimulation, was performed using Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Forest plots, funnel plots, and other statistical tools and tests were used in the study to analyze the results. Electrical stimulation significantly reduced ultimate pH (p < 0.001), Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) (p < 0.001), cooking loss (p < 0.05), and purge loss (p < 0.001). In addition, sarcomere length (p < 0.01), myofibrillar-fragmentation index (MFI) (p < 0.001), and color (L*, a*, b*) (p < 0.001) showed higher values in meat subjected to ES as compared with the control group. In conclusion, the meta-analysis revealed statistical proof of beneficial effects of ES on meat quality of small ruminants in terms of ultimate pH, tenderness, enhanced proteolysis, and higher colorimetric values.
Kidney involvement in COVID‐19 and its treatments

The lungs are the most commonly affected organ by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), but the kidneys are also frequently affected. Infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 can not only cause new kidney damage but also increase the difficulty of treatment and care as well as mortality for people with underlying kidney diseases. Kidney involvement in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection mainly manifests as kidney tubular injury. Proteinuria is the main clinical sign. To reduce patient mortality, kidney complications should be given increased attention in the diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This study reviews the existing literature and discusses COVID‐19 infection in combination with kidney diseases in terms of kidney damage, pathogenesis, and treatment to guide clinical anti‐epidemic responses.
Effect of Plant Growth Promoters and Growth Retardants on Growth Parameters of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2015-2016 to study the effect of plant growth promoters and growth retardants on growth parameters of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) at the research field of Dept. of Biological Sciences, SHIATS, Deemed to be university, Allahabad. The experiment consisted of plant growth promoters and growth retardants i.e., GA3, NAA, Cycocel and Ethrel. The growth promoters and growth retardants at concentrations of 100, 200 and 300ppm as foliar treatments. The experiment was laid out in RBD with three replications and the treatments were imposed at 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 DAS. Among the all treatments application of NAA @ 100ppm has significantly increased plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, total dry matter content (gm) per plant. Cycocel @ 300ppm was found beneficial in decreasing plant height (cm).
OX40 Agonist BMS-986178 Alone or in Combination With Nivolumab and/or Ipilimumab in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors

Purpose: This phase I/IIa study (NCT02737475) evaluated the safety and activity of BMS-986178, a fully human OX40 agonist IgG1 mAb, ± nivolumab and/or ipilimumab in patients with advanced solid tumors. Patients and Methods: Patients (with non–small cell lung, renal cell, bladder, other advanced cancers) received BMS-986178 (20–320 mg) ± nivolumab (240–480 mg) and/or ipilimumab (1–3 mg/kg). The primary endpoint was safety. Additional endpoints included immunogenicity, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity per RECIST version 1.1. Results: Twenty patients received BMS-986178 monotherapy, and 145 received combination therapy in various regimens (including two patients receiving nivolumab monotherapy). With a follow-up of 1.1 to 103.6 weeks, the most common (≥5%) treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) included fatigue, pruritus, rash, pyrexia, diarrhea, and infusion-related reactions. Overall, grade 3–4 TRAEs occurred in one of 20 patients (5%) receiving BMS-986178 monotherapy, six of 79 (8%) receiving BMS-986178 plus nivolumab, zero of two receiving nivolumab monotherapy, six of 41 (15%) receiving BMS-986178 plus ipilimumab, and three of 23 (13%) receiving BMS-986178 plus nivolumab plus ipilimumab. No deaths occurred. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed with monotherapy, and the MTD was not reached in either the monotherapy or the combination escalation cohorts. No objective responses were seen with BMS-986178 alone; objective response rates ranged from 0% to 13% across combination therapy cohorts. Conclusions: In this study, BMS-986178 ± nivolumab and/or ipilimumab appeared to have a manageable safety profile, but no clear efficacy signal was observed above that expected for nivolumab and/or ipilimumab.
Epitope-Based Immunoinformatics Approach on Nucleocapsid Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2

With an increasing fatality rate, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a promising threat to human health worldwide. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has announced the infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is known as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-2019), as a global pandemic. Additionally, the positive cases are still following an upward trend worldwide and as a corollary, there is a need for a potential vaccine to impede the progression of the disease. Lately, it has been documented that the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for viral replication and interferes with host immune responses. We comparatively analyzed the sequences of N protein of SARS-CoV-2 for the identification of core attributes and analyzed the ancestry through phylogenetic analysis. Subsequently, we predicted the most immunogenic epitope for the T-cell and B-cell. Importantly, our investigation mainly focused on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I potential peptides and NTASWFTAL interacted with most human leukocyte antigen (HLA) that are encoded by MHC class I molecules. Further, molecular docking analysis unveiled that NTASWFTAL possessed a greater affinity towards HLA and also available in a greater range of the population. Our study provides a consolidated base for vaccine design and we hope that this computational analysis will pave the way for designing novel vaccine candidates.
Weight status and health behaviors of adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease: The emerging risk for obesity

Abstract Historically, youth with sickle cell disease (SCD) were at risk for being underweight, but recent data suggests this population is replicating obesity trends of youth in the United States. The current observational study assessed the weight status and health behaviors of 44 adolescents and young adults with SCD via a self-report survey and chart review. Using height and weight data closest to survey completion date, 27% of participants were either overweight or obese. With respect to obesogenic risk behaviors, 77% ate fast food 1–3 times per week, 25% had no fruits/vegetables with any of their meals, 11% drank no water, and 57% watched 4 or more hours of television per day. Though more research is needed, this preliminary study adds to the SCD literature suggesting an emerging shift toward obesity in this population. As such, adolescents with SCD may benefit from interventions to decrease obesity risk factors as being overweight or obese has the potential to worsen SCD-related symptoms and complications.
The Incidence and Risk Factors for Injuries in Girls Volleyball: A Prospective Study of 2072 Players.

CONTEXT Girls high school volleyball is very popular across the United States. There is limited prospective data regarding the incidence and risk factors of time loss (TL) and non-time loss (NTL) injuries sustained in this population. OBJECTIVES To estimate the incidence and describe the characteristics of injuries (TL and NTL) sustained in a girls' high school volleyball season. DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. SETTING Convenience sample of 78 high school interscholastic volleyball programs. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS High school volleyball players participating during the 2018 interscholastic season. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES TL and NTL injury rates, proportions, rate ratios, and with 95%CI. RESULTS A total of 2,072 girls enrolled in the study with 468 subjects (22.5%) sustaining 549 injuries (NTL=28.4%, TL=71.6%) for an overall injury rate of 5.31 [4.89, 5.79] per 1000 AEs. The competition injury rate was greater than the practice injury rate for all injuries (IRR: 1.19, [1.00, 1.41]) and TL injuries (IRR: 1.31, [1.07, 1.60]). Players with a previous musculoskeletal injury had a higher rate of TL than NTL injuries (IRR; 1.36 [1.12, 1.65]). Ankle injuries accounted for the greatest proportion of TL injuries (n=110, 28%), while the greatest proportion of NTL injuries occurred in the hand/fingers (n=34, 22%). Moreover, ligament sprains accounted for 40% of TL injuries (n=156), whereas muscle/tendon strains (n=79, 51%) accounted for over half of all NTL injuries. CONCLUSIONS While the majority of injuries sustained by adolescent girls' volleyball athletes were TL in nature, nearly a third of all injuries were NTL injuries. Injury characteristics differed widely between TL and NTL injuries. Understanding the most common types and characteristics of injury among high school volleyball players is critical for the development of effective injury prevention programs.
Biocompatibility study of modified injectable hyaluronic acid hydrogel with mannitol/BSA to alveolar bone cells

The quality and quantity of bone are crucial to the success of dental implant treatment. Recently, bone grafting materials have reached some limitations. This study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility of novel drug delivery material, injectable methacrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogel incorporated with different ratios of mannitol and BSA (Man/BSA MeHA), to human alveolar bone cells. The three-dimensionally encapsulated cell culture was evaluated with the resazurin cell viability test, alkaline phosphatase activity assay, immunohistochemistry test for collagen type-I synthesis, and cell morphology. The results showed that the encapsulated cells were viable in all four ratios of Man/BSA MeHA hydrogel and the average metabolic rate was not less than the control group. The morphology test showed round shape cells at the upper portion of the hydrogel and fibroblast-like or polygonal shape at the lower portion of hydrogel next to the culture plate. All four groups could express enzyme alkaline phosphatase and collagen type-I. In conclusion, four ratios of Man/BSA MeHA hydrogel were biocompatible with primary human alveolar bone cells.
Optimistic Bias, Food Safety Cognition, and Consumer Behavior of College Students in Taiwan and Mainland China

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how optimistic bias, consumption cognition, news attention, information credibility, and social trust affect the purchase intention of food consumption. Data used in this study came from a questionnaire survey conducted in college students in Taipei and Beijing. Respondents in the two cities returned 258 and 268 questionnaires, respectively. Samples were analyzed through structural equation modelling (SEM) to test the model. Results showed that Taiwanese college students did not have optimistic bias but Chinese students did. The models showed that both Taiwanese and Chinese students’ consumption cognition significantly influenced their purchase intention, and news attention significantly influenced only Chinese students’ purchase intention. Model comparison analysis suggested significant differences between the models for Taiwan and mainland China. The results revealed that optimistic bias can be reduced in different social contexts as that of the Taiwan model and the mainland Chinese model found in this study were indeed different. This study also confirmed that people had optimistic bias on food safety issues, based on which recommendations were made to increase public awareness of food safety as well as to improve government’s certification system.
BREEDING STATUS, POPULATION TRENDS AND DIETS OF SEABIRDS IN ALASKA, 2000

When using information from this report, data, results, or conclusions specific to a location(s) should not be used in other publications without first obtaining permission from the original contributor(s). Results and conclusions general to large geographic areas may be cited without permission. This report updates previous reports. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Data are being collected annually for selected species of marine birds at breeding colonies on the far-flung Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and at other areas in Alaska to monitor the condition of the marine ecosystem and to evaluate the conservation status of species under the trust of the Fish and Wildlife Service. The strategy for colony monitoring includes estimating timing of nesting events, rates of reproductive success (e.g., chicks per nest), population trends and diet composition of representative species of various foraging guilds (e.g., offshore diving fish-feeders, offshore surface-feeding fish-feeders, diving plankton-feeders) at geographically-dispersed breeding sites. This information enables managers to better understand ecosystem processes and respond appropriately to resource issues. It also provides a basis for researchers to test hypotheses about ecosystem change. The value of the marine bird monitoring program is enhanced by having sufficiently long time-series to describe patterns for these long-lived species. In summer 2000 data were gathered on storm-petrels, cormorants, gulls, kittiwakes, murres, murrelets, auklets, and/or puffins at eight annual monitoring sites on the Alaska Maritime NWR and one annual monitoring site on the Togiak NWR. In addition, data were gathered at seven other locations which are visited intermittently or are currently part of an intensive research program off refuges (e.g., Exxon Valdez Trustee Council-sponsored research in Prince William Sound). In 2000, we recorded only two cases of later than normal hatching (black-legged kittiwakes at Middleton Island and red-legged kittiwakes at Bogoslof Island). Most species were within normal bounds or were earlier than average. Surface plankton feeders (storm-petrels) were earlier than normal in three of four cases (species x site). Timing of nesting of diving plankton feeders (auklets) was normal in all but two cases. Fish feeders (cormorants, gulls, kittiwakes, murres, puffins) were earlier than normal in nine of 12 cases in the southeastern Bering Sea and in seven of 9 cases in the northern Gulf of Alaska. Plankton feeders (storm-petrels and auklets) had average rates of reproductive success in every case where we monitored them in 2000. For surface fish feeders, gulls had average rates of success in three of four cases, …
Development of a risk classification model in early pregnancy to screen for suboptimal postnatal mother-to-infant bonding: A prospective cohort study

Background Previous studies identified demographic, reproduction-related and psychosocial correlates of suboptimal mother-to-infant bonding. Their joint informative value was still unknown. This study aimed to develop a multivariable model to screen early in pregnancy for suboptimal postnatal mother-to-infant bonding and to transform it into a risk classification model. Methods Prospective cohort study conducted at 116 midwifery centers between 2010–2014. 634 women reported on the Mother-to-Infant Bonding questionnaire in 2015–2016. A broad range of determinants before 13 weeks of gestation were considered. Missing data were described, analyzed and imputed by multiple imputation. Multivariable logistic regression with backward elimination was used to develop a screening model. The explained variance, the Area Under the Curve of the final model were calculated and a Hosmer and Lemeshow test performed. Finally, we designed a risk classification model. Results The prevalence of suboptimal mother-to-infant bonding was 11%. The estimated probability of suboptimal mother-to-infant can be calculated: P(MIBS≥4) = 1/(1+exp(-(-4.391+(parity× 0.519)+(Adult attachment avoidance score× 0.040))). The explained variance was 14% and the Area Under the Curve was 0.750 (95%CI 0.690–0.809). The Hosmer and Lemeshow test had a p-value of 0.21. This resulted in a risk classification model. Conclusion Parity and adult attachment avoidance were the strongest independent determinants. Higher parity and higher levels of adult attachment avoidance are associated with an increased risk of suboptimal mother-to-infant bonding. The model and risk classification model should be externally validated and optimized before use in daily practice. Future research should include an external validation study, a study into the additional value of non-included determinants and finally a study on the impact and feasibility of the screening model.
Study of Occupational Chromium, Iron, and Nickel Exposure and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Denmark

Studies of occupational metal exposures and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have focused primarily on known neurotoxicants, including lead, mercury, selenium, and cadmium. However, these exposures are often co-occurring with other lesser studied metals. We conducted a population-based case-control study with the aim of assessing associations between occupational chromium, iron, and nickel exposures and risk of ALS. We identified ALS cases in Denmark from 1982 through 2013 from the Danish National Patient Registry and matched them to 100 controls based on birth year and sex. Cumulative metal exposures were estimated using job exposure matrices applied to occupational history from the Danish Pension Fund. Although mutually adjusted odds of ALS were higher in men with chromium exposures in the third quartile (aOR = 1.24; 95% CI 0.91, 1.69) and fourth quartile (aOR = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.80, 1.76) compared to those with no exposure, differences did not reach statistical significance. We also observed higher odds of ALS in women with nickel exposures in the third quartile (aOR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.14, 4.28), but not for the fourth quartile (aOR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.23, 1.64). Our findings do not suggest associations between occupational exposures to these metals and ALS. However, unavoidable non-differential misclassification from the use of JEMs may have masked truly increased risk.