Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mediating Effect of Teacher’s Empowerment between Head’s Authentic Leadership and Teacher’s Job Performance at Secondary Level in Punjab, Pakistan

1. PhD Scholar, Department of Education & FSS, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan 2. Associate Professor, Department of Education & FSS, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan 3. Professor/Dean Faculty of Social Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan PAPER INFO ABSTRACT Received: June 27, 2020 Accepted: September 05, 2020 Online: September 30, 2020 This study is carried out to explore the mediating role of TE between the relationship of head’s AL and teacher’s JP, particularly in the context of Pakistan. All the public secondary school heads and teachers in Punjab constituted the population and study was delimited to the six districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Through proportionate random sampling technique 271 heads and 865 teachers were selected. For the measurement of three variables of the study three different instruments; Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ), School Participant Empowerment Scale (SPSE) and Teacher’s Job Performance Scale (TJP) were adapted. In order to analyze the mediating effect of TE between head’s AL and TJP, Process-Macro was applied. This study develops and veteran a framework, collision of head’s AL and teacher’s JP in the occurrence of TE as mediator. The results shows significant mediating effect of TE among heads AL and TJP, consequently empowered teachers show better performance as compared to less empowered teachers. It is recommended that heads, supervisors, administrators and managers should highlight relational transparency, supreme moral principles, balanced processing and self-awareness to enhance teacher’s level of empowerment and their job performance
Do Online Friends Bring Out the Best in Us? The Effect of Friend Contributions on Online Review Provision

Online reviews are a crucial source of information for consumer decision making. Many businesses, companies, and platforms are interested in encouraging more consumers to review their products but are dubious about using financial incentives to buy online reviews. Our research describes a social way of growing online reviews. We show that cultivating an online community for reviewing by showing members reviews written by their online friends cannot only increasing their willingness to contribute but also the quality of the resulting reviews. The takeaways of this study include (1) unlike using financial rewards to incentivize review contribution, the studied approach can motivate review contributions without compromising the quality of reviews contributed; (2) the effect of exposing consumers to their friends’ reviews is comparable to that of Yelp’s weekly newsletters (thus this can be a powerful way of motivating consumer reviews); and (3) to effectively leverage friend reviews, online platforms should facilitate social networking among users and build an online community that recognizes and rewards members who make frequent, high-quality contributions to online reviews.
Meta-analysis: effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes in ruminant diets

ABSTRACT There are unknown interactions between supplements of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) and the cell walls of feedstuff in ruminal conditions. The quantitative effects of using EFE in ruminant diets were evaluated using meta-analysis. Records (586) were extracted from 74 journal articles from a list of published papers (2000–2012). Statistical analyses were performed considering fixed [type of forage-based diet, forage-to-concentrate ratio (F:C ratio) and primarily enzyme activities in the EFE], and random effects [Experiment(Article)]. In dairy cows fed high-forage (F:C ≥50%), the supplementation of primarily mixtures of cellulases and xylanases (Cel:Xyl: 1:4–1:1) increased milk production and milk composition of legume-based diets, and primarily xylanases (Xyl) EFE improved those variables of grass-based diets. In F:C <50% grass-based diets, Cel:Xyl improved the average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion [FC:DM intake (DMI)/ADG] of beef cattle. DMI of dairy cows was not affected by EFE supplementation, but EFE improved the DMI of beef cattle. EFE effects were inconsistent in sheep productive performance variables. Cellulases (Cel) and Xyl enhanced in vivo dry matter (DM) digestibility (DMD) in low-forage (F:C <50%) grass-based diets. In F:C ≥50% legume-based diets, EFE enhanced the in situ DM disappearance (ISDMD), and mainly Cel:Xyl improved the in situ neutral detergent fibre (NDF) disappearance (ISNDFD), but there were no effects in those variables in F:C ≥50% grass-based diets. Regardless of the type of ruminal liquid (RL) or forage, in F:C ≥50% diets, in vitro DM degradability (IVDMD) was improved mainly by Cel, but fibre degradability only was improved by Cel:Xyl when sheep RL was used for in vitro evaluations. Overall, EFE could improve the productive performance of dairy cows and beef cattle, but the response depends upon the proper mixture of Cel and Xyl according to the diet composition. Abbreviations: ADF: acid detergent fiber; ADG: average daily gain; A:P: acetate:propionate ratio; BW: initial body weight; Cel:Xyl: cellulases:xylanases; DM: dry matter; DMD: in vivo dry matter digestibility; DMI: dry matter intake; EA: enzyme activities; EFE: exogenous fibrolytic enzymes; F: type of forage; FC: feed conversion; F:C: forage-to-concentrate ratio; ISDMD: in situ dry matter disappearance; ISNDFD: in situ neutral detergent fiber disappearance; IVADFD: in vitro acid detergent degradability; IVDMD: in vitro dry matter degradability; IVNDFD: in vitro neutral detergent fiber degradability; NDF: neutral detergent fiber; VFA: in vitro volatile fat acids
Work‐related helping and family functioning: A work–home resources perspective

Work-related helping and family functioning: A work–home resources perspective Sherry S. Y. Aw, Remus Ilies, Xinxin Li* , Arnold B. Bakker and Xiao-Yu Liu* National University of Singapore, Singapore Antai College of Economics & Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China
Assessment of the Capacity of Beneficial Bacterial Inoculants to Enhance Canola (Brassica napus L.) Growth under Low Water Activity

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is the third largest crop produced in Australia after wheat and barley. For such crops, the variability of water access, reduced long-term annual rainfall and increasing water prices, higher overall production costs, and variability in production quantity and quality are driving the exploration of new tools to maintain production in an economical and environmentally sustainable way. Microorganisms associated with the rhizosphere have been shown to enhance plant growth and offer a potential way to maintain or even increase crop production quality and yield in an environmentally sustainable way. Here, seven bacterial isolates from canola rhizosphere samples are shown to enhance canola growth, particularly in low water activity systems. The seven strains all possessed commonly described plant growth promoting traits, including the ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, and the capacity to solubilise nutrients (Fe2+/3+ and PO43−). When the isolates were inoculated at the time of sowing in pot-based systems with either sand or clay loam media, and in field trials, a significant increase in dry root and shoot biomass was recorded compared to uninoculated controls. It is likely that the strains’ plant growth promoting capacity under water stress is due to the combined effects of the bacterial phenotypes examined here.
Capital Structure Choices in Technology Firms: Empirical Results from Polish Listed Companies

The main aim of the paper is the identification of capital structure determinants, with a special emphasis on investments in the innovativeness of Polish New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs). Poland is a unique country in that it is an emerging market that was also promoted in 2018 to the status of a developed country. The study sample consisted of 31 companies listed in the Warsaw Stock Exchange that are classified as high-tech firms and covers the period 2014–2018. The following factors influencing the capital structure were analyzed: internal and external innovativeness and the firm’s size, liquidity, intangibility, age, profitability, and growth opportunities. The results of the research provide empirical evidence that liquidity, age, and investments in innovativeness determine capital structure, which provides an additional argument supporting the trade-off theory and the modified version of the pecking order theory. More specifically, the results suggest that companies whose process of investment in innovativeness is based on the external acquisition of technology are able to attract external financing, while the process based on internally generated innovativeness (R&D activity) deters external capital. The results are interesting for policymakers in emerging markets.
Are relative age and biological ages associated with coaches’ evaluations of match performance in male academy soccer players?

Talent identification and selection in soccer has been shown to be confounded by individual differences in relative age and biological maturation. Limited research has however, investigated whether these effects are reflected in coaches’ evaluations of performance. This study investigated relative and biological age associated differences in coach perceptions of performance in a professional soccer academy across four seasons. The performances of 279 male players were evaluated on a 4-point Likert-scale. Multi-level modelling was used to examine predictive relationships between biological age, chronological age, result and opposition of game, on match grades. Result of the games was a statistically significant predictor of players perceived performance in every age-group; category of opposition was only significant in the under 13 and 14 age-groups. Biological age significantly predicted players perceived performance grades in the under 10, 14 and 15 age-groups, whereby advanced maturity predicted a higher grade. Across all age-groups, a relative age effect was observed, however age half was not a significant predictor of perceived performance grade in any age-group. Coaches evaluations of match performance appear to vary in accordance with maturity, opposition, and result of game. Academy staff should recognise and account for individual differences in biological maturation when retaining and releasing players.
Staged approach towards physics-based L-H transition models

This article is the companion of an invited overview talk given at the H-Mode Workshop 2019. Quantitative predictions of the L to H power threshold are needed to prepare the ‘pre-nuclear’ ITER operation in H or He, as well as to design a future fusion reactor where the confinement regime interplay with divertor configuration, radiation level, etc has to be understood. With this urgency in mind, this article aims at sharing references and views on advances on the L to H transition physics understanding. It reviews L mode edge turbulence drive understanding as well as the mechanisms at play behind the E⃗×B⃗ shear. It shows that our understanding is mature enough to finally model a pedestal formation above a given power threshold using flux driven physics-based models. It shares views on future directions to take, to challenge and hopefully confirm these encouraging results.
Variations of selected soil properties in the grass fields invaded and uninvaded by invasive goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.)

Abstract Although the invasion of exotic plants has been recognised as the serious cause of the biodiversity loss and natural habitats degradation and threat to the ecosystems functions, just the little attention has been paid to the potential impacts of the goldenrod invasion on the soil properties. Equally, currently obtained results are contrary and ambiguous. We tested whether the grass fields invaded and uninvaded by Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) differ in pH, soil moisture, organic carbon (Cox), humus and P, K and Mg contents and related the variations to the chosen environmental variables. We did not find significant distinctions of the studied types of habitats in the selected physico-chemical soil properties as well as the relation between the goldenrod invasion and the changes in soil properties. Nevertheless, whereas the soil reaction, soil moisture and Mg content were higher in the invaded soils, the Cox, humus and P and K contents were higher in the uninvaded ones. Doubtless, further attention need to be paid to this problem.
Rural-urban differentials in the determinants of under-five mortality in Bhutan

PurposeThe differences in the distribution of factors associated with under-five mortality (UFM) can help explain the rural-urban inequities in UFM. The determinants contributing to UFM in rural and urban areas have not been previously explored in Bhutan. This study examined the factors associated with UFM in rural and urban Bhutan and the role of the factors in explaining UFM disparity.Design/methodology/approachThe dataset of 6,398 single births (4,999 in rural and 1,399 in urban areas) from the 2012 Bhutan National Health Survey was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis accounting for the complex survey design was performed to investigate the determinants.FindingsThe UFM rate was 2.75 times higher in rural than in urban Bhutan. In rural communities, children of younger mothers, born in households without safe sanitation and electricity, and central and eastern regions had increased UFM odds. Whereas, children born to working mothers and educated fathers, and born in households with non-working household heads had lower UFM odds in urban areas. A higher number of births and smaller household size was associated with an increased UFM odds irrespective of rural-urban residence. Environmental factors were attributable for the largest portion of rural UFM disadvantage.Originality/valueThis study helps to understand the rural-urban differences in the factors influencing UFM in Bhutan. The findings suggest that policies aimed to improve environmental and socioeconomic conditions, women empowerment, and those aimed to enhance health utilization can help reduce the rural-urban child survival disparity and accelerate the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal target.
Detection of Listeria spp. in food handling areas of retail food stores in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

The identification of Listeria spp. in food handling areas is of great concern to health surveillance agencies, and their control is often hampered by the ability of the bacteria to grow and maintain themselves even under adverse conditions. The present study aimed to isolate and identify Listeria spp. in the food handling areas of 10 retail food stores in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Eighty-six swab samples were collected from equipment, utensils and surfaces used for processing ready-to-eat meat products. The Dry and Wet Swabbing Methods (3M™ Quick Swabs) and 3M™ Petrifilm™ Plates were used to identify Listeria spp. Contamination by Listeria monocytogenes was confirmed by the Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The hygienic and sanitary conditions of the food handling areas of each store were also assessed. Listeria spp. was isolated in eight stores (80%). Of the 86 swab samples analyzed, 27 (31.2%) [confidence interval 21.81% to 42.30%] were positive for Listeria spp. and only one (3.7%) was confirmed as Listeria monocytogenes. The main contamination sites were the floor (50.0%), the plastic cutting board (42.9%) and the knife (40.0%). None of the hygienic and sanitary conditions assessed in the present study were associated with contamination by Listeria spp. (p = 0.700). It was concluded that Listeria spp. was widely distributed in the retail food stores studied, being a possible risk factor for public health.
Empowering Poor-Households Women on Productive Economy Businesses in Indonesia

Self-efficacy has been extensively evaluated, but no studies have investigated the effect of self-efficacy on the self-reliance of women in poor-households economic productivity. This study analyzes self-efficacy as a personal factor, learning processes, and social support as an environmental factor towards the achievement of self-reliance in women from poor-households in productive economy businesses. Despite the dominant logic of this scheme, there is a need for field-based data regarding whether the variable really supports the sustainable empowerment of poor-households women. This study used the quantitative method through the survey technique. The samples of this study included 250 people collected from five regencies in Indonesia by using a multiple-stage random sampling. The data were analyzed with structural equation modeling. The results show that social support has a significant positive impact on the learning process; social support has a direct negative impact on self-efficacy. The learning process has a direct positive influence on self-efficacy, while social support has a non-significant impact on self-reliance. The learning process has a direct influence on self-reliance. Social support and the learning process both have significant positive impact on self-efficacy. Social support, learning process, and self-efficacy simultaneously have a positive impact on self-reliance in productive economic activities.
Study on Effect Elements of Exopolysaccharide Production of Lactobacillus Kimchi SR8 and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity

The correlation between exopolysaccharide production of Lactobacillus kimchi SR8 under different culture conditions and the DPPH radical scavenging activity of exopolysaccharide was studied. Lactobacillus kimchi SR8 produced 228.24 ± 2.23 mg/L exopolysaccharides with sucrose as the carbon source, Beef Extract-Peptone (2:1) as the nitrogen source and an initial pH of 6.50, whilst the DPPH radical scavenging activity of exopolysaccharides was only 6.85% ± 0.77% at a concentration of 0.20 mg/mL. However, the strain produced 206.79 ± 2.23 mg/L exopolysaccharides with glucose as the carbon source, Peptone-Tryptone (1:1) as the nitrogen source and an initial pH of 7.00, and the DPPH radical scavenging activity of exopolysaccharides increased to 28.34% ± 0.32% at the same concentration. The results showed no correlation between the exopolysaccharide production of lactic acid bacteria and the DPPH radical scavenging activity of exopolysaccharide. Therefore, the antioxidant activity should be taken into consideration when measures are taken to increase exopolysaccharide production if greater antioxidant activity of exopolysaccharides is preferred.
Sea-to-sea survival of late-run adult steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from the Columbia and Snake rivers

We used biotelemetry and genetic stock identification to assess sea-to-sea survival and run composition of 1212 late-migrating adult steelhead (anadromous Oncorhynchus mykiss) through the Columbia River and Snake River migratory corridors. The late run was predominated by steelhead from Idaho’s Clearwater and Salmon rivers that must pass eight large hydroelectric dams during both prespawn and postspawn migrations. In 2 years (2013 and 2014), prespawn survival to Snake River tributaries (>500 km) was 0.48–0.67 for the most abundant populations and was higher for females and 1-sea fish (i.e., fish that spend one winter at sea). Annual survival from Snake River tributary entry to postspawn kelt status was 0.14–0.17, with higher survival for females and those without hatchery fin clips. Kelt outmigration survival was 0.31–0.39 past four Snake River dams and 0.13–0.20 past all eight dams and was highest for smaller kelts. Full-cycle adult freshwater survival (sea-to-sea) including 16 dam passage events was 0.0.
Screening of Raw Buffalo's Milk from Karnataka for Potential Probiotic Strains

Buffalo’s milk was cultured with appropriate dilution on MRS media for the isolation of potential probiotics and pure cultures were obtained by sub-culturing. Purification of cultures were confirmed by Gram’s staining and catalase test and identified based on morphological, cultural, physiological and different biochemical characteristics as presented in Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. During lactic acid bacterial (LAB) transit through the gastrointestinal tract, ingested microorganisms were exposed to successive stress factors, including low pH in the human stomach and bile salt. These isolates were examined for survival in bile salt, acidic pH, different NaCl concentrations, anti pathogenic activity, as well as survival at different storage temperatures. These stress factors can be used as criteria for the evaluation of probiotic strains. Isolated strains of Lactobacilli spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. showed satisfactory probiotic potentials.
Improving Nutrition Utilization and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Through Solid-State Fermentation of Agricultural By-Products by Aureobasidium Pullulans

A 35 d trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of co-fermented agricultural by-products, soybean hulls and Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue (PESR), with Aureobasidium pullulans on nutrients digestibility and meat quality in broilers fed on conventional corn-soybean meal basal diet. A total of 400 1-d-old Ross broilers were allotted to 4 dietary treatments with 4 replicate pens (25 birds per pen). Birds were fed the corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 0% (CON), 0.5% fermented soybean hulls (0.5% FSBH), 0.5% fermented soybean hulls partially replaced with PESR (0.5% FSHP) and 1.0% FSHP. The broilers fed on the diet that contained fermented products had higher total tract apparent digestibility for hemicellulose than those on CON (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the birds fed on 0.5% FSHP also showed the lightest duodenum and jejunum weight among all groups. Compared with the CON, the inclusion of 1.0% FSHP in the diet significantly decreased ammonia N concentration in cecum followed by 0.5% FSHP and subsequent 0.5% FSBH group. Dietary supplementation of fermented products significantly improved WHC and increased protein content in meat as compared with the CON. Moreover, the fat content in meat decreased in the broilers that received 0.5% FSBH and 1.0% FSHP. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of co-fermented agricultural by-products, PESR and soybean meal, could improve the digestibility of hemicellulose and decrease the cecal ammonia N concentration; moreover, the increased WHC and protein level as well as decreased fat content in meat suggested the promising utilization of these low-cost materials as broiler feed additives.
Occlusal Load Considerations in Implant-Supported Fixed Restorations

The advent of new technologies in the field of medicine and dentistry is creating improvements that lead clinicians to have materials and procedures able to improve patients’ quality of life. The aim of this article is to evaluate occlusion load and its consequences on fixed implant-supported prosthesis. New materials have granted clinicians the possibility achieve great aesthetic results in dental prosthesis, and new procedures allow them to standardize and give precise and repeatable results, especially for the functional and long-term stability aspects of products. Some principles should be carefully evaluated and applied to every dental prosthesis; the evaluation of the forces and fitting of meso-structures to dental implants, an aspect that is often not well considered by clinicians, is the main focus of this article.