Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mothers’ Reactions to Seeing Their Children With Cleft for the First Time: A Qualitative Study in Ghana

Objective: Studies on the etiology, treatment, and psychosocial effects of clefts among children born with the condition abound. Limited studies, however, have focused on the mothers of these children. This study aimed to explore the immediate reaction of mothers to seeing their children born with a cleft for the first time. Mothers’ knowledge of cleft and the support systems available to them were also explored. Design: Employing a qualitative description approach, data were collected through face-to-face individual in-depth interviews using a semistructured interview guide. Participants and Research Context: Using the purposive and snowballing sampling techniques, 12 mothers who sought treatment for their children with cleft at a Tertiary health facility in Ghana were selected. The ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki were followed during data collection. The data obtained were analyzed applying the technique of thematic analysis. Results: Mothers’ first time reaction to seeing their child born with a cleft was that of sadness, worry, and disappointment. Knowledge of cleft among the mothers was low with most of them knowing more about the condition only after the delivery of their child with a cleft. Mothers received support from family members, health care practitioners, nongovernmental organizations, and their partners. Conclusion: To reduce the psychosocial and emotional effects resulting from mothers giving birth to a child with a cleft, information on the condition should be made available to mothers and primary caregivers early enough.
Broad white matter impairment in multiple system atrophy

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the widespread aberrant accumulation of α‐synuclein (α‐syn). MSA differs from other synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD) in that α‐syn accumulates primarily in oligodendrocytes, the only source of white matter myelination in the brain. Previous MSA imaging studies have uncovered focal differences in white matter. Here, we sought to build on this work by taking a global perspective on whole brain white matter. In order to do this, in vivo structural imaging and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging were acquired on 26 MSA patients, 26 healthy controls, and 23 PD patients. A refined whole brain approach encompassing the major fiber tracts and the superficial white matter located at the boundary of the cortical mantle was applied. The primary observation was that MSA but not PD patients had whole brain deep and superficial white matter diffusivity abnormalities (p < .001). In addition, in MSA patients, these abnormalities were associated with motor (Unified MSA Rating Scale, Part II) and cognitive functions (Mini‐Mental State Examination). The pervasive whole brain abnormalities we observe suggest that there is widespread white matter damage in MSA patients which mirrors the widespread aggregation of α‐syn in oligodendrocytes. Importantly, whole brain white matter abnormalities were associated with clinical symptoms, suggesting that white matter impairment may be more central to MSA than previously thought.
Reliability and Validity of Patient-Reported, Rater-Based, and Hybrid Physical Activity Assessments in COPD: A Systematic Review

Abstract Selecting valid and reliable PA assessments in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial to ensure that the information obtained is accurate, valuable, and meaningful. The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the validity and reliability among PA assessments in COPD. An electronic database search of PubMed and CINAHL was completed in December 2019 using MeSH terms on physical activity, COPD, validation, and questionnaires. Transparency in reporting was assessed with the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist while methodological quality was assessed with the modified Quality Appraisal tool for Reliability studies (QAREL) for reliability studies and the Quality Appraisal of Validity Studies (QAVALS) for validity studies. The search yielded fifteen different measures. The Stanford 7-day recall (PAR) demonstrated the strongest correlations with SenseWear Armband on energy expenditure (r = 0.83; p < 0.001) and moderate correlations for time spent in activity over 3 METs (r = 0.54, p < 0.001). The Multimedia Activity Recall (MARCA) also demonstrated moderate to good correlations with both SenseWear and Actigraph GT3X + accelerometers (r = 0.66–0.74). Assisted and computerized PRO measures (PAR and MARCA) and hybrid measures (C-PPAC and D-PPAC) demonstrate better psychometric properties as compared to other subjective measures and may be considered for quantification of PA in COPD. However, observations drawn from single validation studies limit strength of recommendations and further research is needed to replicate the findings.
ANALYSIS OF AIRBORNE POLLEN FALL IN CANAKKALE, TURKEY

Airborne pollen in the State of Canakkale was determined during 2000-2001 using two Durham samplers. The samplers were placed 15 m above the ground on the rooftops of the city hospital and of the meteorological station situated alongside the straits of Dardanelle. By the end of the year averages of pollen counts from the 2 samplers were calculated. In total 4095 pollen belonging to 39 taxa were counted. Out of these, 3548 belonged to the arboreal species (86.65%), 483 to non-arboreal taxa (11.78%) and 64 to the unidentified group (1.57%). The highest number of pollen of the arboreal taxa were in the following order: Pinaceae, Quercus sp. , Cupressaceae/ Taxodiaceae and Olea europaea. In the non-arboreal group the order was Chenopodiaceae/ Amaranthaceae, Poaceae, Xanthium strumarium and Plantago sp. Maximum pollen was recorded during the spring season and minimum during winter. During our study period the number of allergic patients who were treated in the hospital was 534. There was an apparent increase in the number of patients during May-June that decreased in July. However, in August the number went up again. Such an increase in patients probably is the result from an increase in the airborne content of pollen of Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Poaceae and Xanthium.
Barriers and enablers of adherence to infant nevirapine prophylaxis against HIV 1 transmission among 6-week-old HIV exposed infants: A prospective cohort study in Northern Uganda

Background Sub-optimal adherence to infant prophylaxis has been associated with mother-to-child-transmission of HIV. However, the factors associated have not been well characterised in different settings. This study describes barriers and enablers of adherence to infant prophylaxis among 6-week-old HIV exposed infants in Lira district, Northern Uganda. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted from 2018–2020 at the PMTCT clinic at Lira Regional Referral Hospital and included 472 mother-infant pairs. HIV-infected pregnant women were recruited, followed up at delivery and 6 weeks postpartum. We used a structured questionnaire to obtain data on socio-demographic, reproductive-related, HIV-related characteristics and adherence. Data were analysed using Stata to estimate adjusted risk ratios using Poisson regression models to ascertain barriers and enablers of adherence to infant nevirapine prophylaxis. Results Barriers to infant adherence are maternal characteristics including: younger age (≤20 years adjusted risk ratio (ARR) = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.1–2.2), missing a viral load test during pregnancy (ARR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1–1.7) and not receiving nevirapine syrup for the baby after childbirth (ARR = 6.2; 95% CI: 5.1–7.6). Enablers were: having attained ≥14 years of schooling (ARR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5–0.9), taking a nevirapine-based regimen (ARR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4–0.9), long-term ART (≥ 60 months ARR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.6–0.9), accompanied by a husband to hospital during labour and childbirth (ARR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.4–0.7) and labour starting at night (ARR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6–0.8). Conclusion and recommendations Despite mothers receiving nevirapine syrup from the health workers for the infant, non-adherence rates still prevail at 14.8%. The health system needs to consider giving HIV infected pregnant women the nevirapine syrup before birth to avoid delays and non-adherence. There is need to pay particular attention to younger women and those who recently started ART.
Mobile device data reveal the dynamics in a positive relationship between human mobility and COVID-19 infections

Accurately estimating human mobility and gauging its relationship with virus transmission is critical for the control of COVID-19 spreading. Using mobile device location data of over 100 million monthly active samples, we compute origin–destination travel demand and aggregate mobility inflow at each US county from March 1 to June 9, 2020. Then, we quantify the change of mobility inflow across the nation and statistically model the time-varying relationship between inflow and the infections. We find that external travel to other counties decreased by 35% soon after the nation entered the emergency situation, but recovered rapidly during the partial reopening phase. Moreover, our simultaneous equations analysis highlights the dynamics in a positive relationship between mobility inflow and the number of infections during the COVID-19 onset. This relationship is found to be increasingly stronger in partially reopened regions. Our study provides a quick reference and timely data availability for researchers and decision makers to understand the national mobility trends before and during the pandemic. The modeling results can be used to predict mobility and transmissions risks and integrated with epidemics models to further assess the public health outcomes.
Osteomyelitis Caused by Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: The First Korean Case With Family Spread

Chang-Hun Lee , M.D., Jeong Don Chae , M.D., Wonho Choe , M.D., Hyo Young Lee , M.D., Yong-Hak Sohn , M.D., Chunhwa Ihm , M.D., and Ji Hun Jeong , M.D. Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, and Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
Germination and Growth of Grasses and Legumes from Seeds Treated with Glyphosate and Paraquat

In greenhouse studies, glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] at 1.0 and 3.0 kg/ha and paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridinium ion) at 0.6 kg/ha were applied to exposed seeds of six grasses and two legume species on continuously wet soil. Glyphosate reduced germination of both legumes and three grasses and reduced seedling growth of all species. Paraquat was toxic only to the grasses. Glyphosate mainly affected germination and growth of legumes when applied directly to their seeds. Reductions also were measured, however, when untreated legume seeds were transferred to glyphosate-treated soil.
Bank Financing for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Libya

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) are of increasing importance for all national economies worldwide. Evidence already shows that SMEs are critical in key economic areas, including the distribution of income, the absorption of labour and the alleviation of poverty. As a result, SMEs have been increasingly the focus of policies and strategies that aim at achieving sustainable development goals in both developing and developed countries, regardless of any pre-existing differences in their underlying economic systems. However, despite widespread developments in recent decades, the lack of access to finance remains a formidable obstacle for SME development. In seeking to diversify its economy and reduce its over-reliance on the large firm- dominated oil sector, Libya has chosen to focus on the role of SMEs to assist in achieving myriad economic and social development objectives. However, as the case in many other developing countries, Libyan SMEs face difficulties obtaining external finance, yet, there has been very little research undertaken to investigate the issues associated with their access to finance. This is particularly the case with bank financing, which as elsewhere, is the most important source of external finance for SMEs.
Effect of bacterivorous and predatory nematodes on macroalgal detritus decomposition

Nematodes may contribute to the decomposition of detritus in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In aquatic sediments, the most prominent role is expected for bacterial-feeding nematodes, since these may in several ways affect the activity and abundance of bacteria, the principal decomposers of organic matter. However, many free-living nematodes have other feeding strategies, and it is unclear whether they may also affect decomposition processes. Predatory nematodes, for instance, may affect the abundance of bacterivores and hence indirectly also of bacteria (i.e. a trophic cascade). This study focuses on the short-term (9 days) effects of the Rhabditis bacteriovorous nematodes Rhabditis (Pellioditis) marina and Panagrolaimus paetzoldi and of the predatory nematode Enoploides longispiculosus in single-species as well as in combination treatments on the decomposition rate of brown algae (Fucus vesiculosus L.) detritus through laboratory microcosm experiments. Remarkably, all treatments with the predatory nematode showed higher decomposition rates than treatments without E. longispiculosus. Howeve, the mechanism behind this effect remain unclear. In addition, a combination treatment with both bacterivorous species had a higher decomposition rate than treatments with single bacterivore species, inline with other recent studies demonstrating interactions effects between different bacterivore species.
Evaluation of the impact of a nurse-led program of patient self-assessment and self-management in axial spondyloarthritis: results of a prospective, multicentre, randomized, controlled trial (COMEDSPA).

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a nurse-led program of self-management and self-assessment of disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis. METHODS Prospective, randomized, controlled, open, 12-month trial (NCT02374749). Participants were consecutive axial spondyloarthritis patients (according to the rheumatologist) and nurses having participated in a 1-day training meeting. The program included self-management: educational video and specific video of graduated, home-based exercises for patients; and self-assessment: video presenting the rationale of tight monitoring of disease activity with composite scores (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease activity Score, ASDAS/Bath Ankyslosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, BASDAI). The nurse trained patients to collect, calculate and report (monthly) ASDAS/BASDAI. Treatment allocation was by random allocation to this program or a comorbidities assessment (not presented here and considered here as the control group). RESULTS A total of 502 patients (250 and 252 in the active and control groups, respectively) were enrolled (age: 46.7 (12.2) years, male gender: 62.7%, disease duration: 13.7 (11.0) years). After the one-year follow-up period, the adherence to the self-assessment program was considered good (i.e. 79% reported scores >6 times). Despite a lack of statistical significance in the primary outcome (e.g. coping) there was a statistically significant difference in favor of this program for the following variables: change in BASDAI, number and duration of the home exercises in the active group, and physical activity (international physical activity score, IPAQ). CONCLUSION This study suggests a short-term benefit of a nurse-led program on self-management and self-assessment for disease activity in a young axial spondyloarthritis population in terms of disease activity, exercises and physical activity.
Heterosis for yield and yield contributing characters in cowpea genotypes

Fifteen F1 hybrids obtained by crossing 6 diverse parental lines of cowpea through diallel excluding reciprocals method was studied to investigate the extent of heterosis for yield and yield contributing characters during kharif, 2007 and spring-summer, 2008 season. Among the various components pods per plant and seeds per pods are important factor contributing to yield. IT-97K-1042 and IT-93K-452 were observed to be the top performing parents for total seed yield per plant. The crosses IT-97K-1042 X IT-98K-1111 and IT-97K-1042 X Pusa Komal were best heterotic crosses for seed yield and other characters.
Bacteria Associated with Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis and the Potential for Personalized Therapy

Abstract Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM), also known as idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM), is a chronic inflammatory lesion of the breast. The incidence of GLM has been increasing in recent years, especially among young women. The etiologies of GLM have not been fully elucidated but are associated with autoimmunity and bacterial infection. Bacteria, especially Corynebacterium species, play important roles in GLM. In this article, we review research progress regarding the bacteriology of GLM attained with the application of several new high-throughput detection techniques. Accurate detection might be important for deepening our understanding of the pathogenesis of GLM and hold promise for personalized GLM therapy.
Patch testing with textile dye mix in Italy: A 2‐year multicenter SIDAPA study

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Contribuição dos caracteres de qualidade da forragem ao teor de proteína bruta em Urochloa brizantha

The objective of this work was to identify which qualitative characters can be used in the direct and indirect selections for high-protein content of Urochloa brizantha genotypes. Nine genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design, with two replicates. The following qualitative traits were studied: volume of packed gas in fast and slow fractions, crude protein, acid and neutral detergent fibers, cellulose, lignin, silica, and in vitro digestibility of organic matter. The in vitro digestibility of organic matter is indicated for both direct and indirect selections of U. brizantha genotypes with higher crude protein content.
Cool Executive Function and Verbal Comprehension Mediate the Relation of Hot Executive Function and Theory of Mind in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Impaired executive function (EF), verbal comprehension, and theory of mind (ToM) may contribute to social difficulties in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The linkage between cool (cognitive) EF and ToM has been widely investigated, but the relations between hot (affective) EF and ToM remain largely unknown. The roles of cool EF and verbal comprehension have not been previously explored together to address hot EF–ToM relations. This study applied mediation analysis to investigate the mediating effects of cool EF and verbal comprehension to further elaborate the link between hot EF and ToM in children with ASD and average intellectual abilities. A total of 97 children with ASD aged from 6 to 12 years participated in this study. Children's cool EF, hot EF, and verbal comprehension were, respectively, measured with the computerized Dimensional Change Card Sort task, Children's Gambling Task, and the verbal comprehension index of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐fourth edition. Children's ToM was assessed with the Theory of Mind Task Battery. Partial correlation coefficients indicated that hot EF was significantly related with ToM with age controlled for. The results of the mediation analysis showed that cool EF and verbal comprehension mediated the linkage between hot EF and ToM. These findings highlight not only the connections between hot EF and ToM but also the importance of cool EF and verbal comprehension on hot EF–ToM relations in clinical assessments and interventions for school‐aged children with ASD and average intellectual abilities.