Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Running head: DEVELOPMENT OF LONELINESS

Adolescence and young adulthood are characterized by substantial sociodemographic, family, social, and personality changes that may influence loneliness. Although loneliness is a public health challenge, we know little about how loneliness develops during these periods. Our study addresses this lacuna by using four-wave longitudinal data from 3,116 Norwegians aged 13 to 31 years, making use of questionnaire (key facets and correlates of loneliness) and register linkage information (midlife outcomes). Analyses revealed that when asking directly about feeling lonely and for emotional facets, loneliness increased from early adolescence to age mid-20s, whereas social facets of loneliness declined gradually and plateaued when people had reached their mid20s. Several predictors operated consistently across loneliness facets, whereas others operated in facet-specific ways. To illustrate, perceiving one’s parents as caring, having close friends, not leaving the parental home before age 18, and reporting more agency were each associated with less loneliness across assessment modes. In contrast, when asked directly, women reported more loneliness than men at all ages, whereas men reported more social loneliness. Finally, adolescents and young adults who reported feeling lonely and/or increased in loneliness were consistently at higher risk for disability and lower income in midlife, whereas other important midlife outcomes including education, labor market inclusion, and prescriptions of antidepressants exhibited facet-specific associations. Our study is the first to provide a comprehensive picture of loneliness development throughout the second and third decade of life and highlights the multidimensionality and multidirectionality of loneliness trajectories and correlates across adolescence and early adulthood.
Correlation of Ki-67 Proliferating Index with Histological Stage and Grade in Colorectal Carcinoma

1. *Dr. Sahela Sultana, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Dr. Sirajul Islam Medical College, Dhaka. sultana.sahela83@gmail.com 2. Professor Dr. Nasimul Islam, Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka. 3. Professor Dr. Enamul Kabir, Professor, Department of Pathology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka. 4. Dr. Salma Akhter, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Universal Medical College, Dhaka. 5. Dr. Rita Paul, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka. 6. Dr. Afroz Shirin, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Enam Medical College Savar, Dhaka. 7. Dr. Abu Anis Khan, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, International Medical College, Dhaka. 8. Dr. Nusrat Jahan, Lecturer, Department of Pathology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka.
DAENet: Making Strong Anonymity Scale in a Fully Decentralized Network

Traditional anonymous networks (e.g., Tor) are vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks that monitor the whole network traffic to determine which users are communicating. To preserve user anonymity against traffic analysis attacks, the emerging mix networks mess up the order of packets through a set of centralized and explicit shuffling nodes. However, this centralized design of mix networks is insecure against targeted DoS attacks that can completely block these shuffling nodes. In this article, we present DAENet, an efficient mix network that resists both targeted DoS attacks and traffic analysis attacks with a new abstraction called Stealthy Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network. The stealthy P2P network effectively hides the shuffling nodes used in a routing path into the whole network, such that adversaries cannot distinguish specific shuffling nodes and conduct targeted DoS attacks to block these nodes. In addition, to handle traffic analysis attacks, we leverage the confidentiality and integrity protection of Intel SGX to ensure trustworthy packet shuffles at each distributed host and use multiple routing paths to prevent adversaries from tracking and revealing user identities. We show that our system is scalable with moderate latency (2.2s) when running in a cluster of 10,000 participants and is robust in the case of machine failures, making it an attractive new design for decentralized anonymous communication. DAENet ’s code is released on https://github.com/hku-systems/DAENet.
Bis­[2,2′-(2-amino­ethyl­imino)­di­(ethyl­ammonium)] hexasulfidodistannate(IV) dihydrate

The crystal structure of the title compound, (C6H20N4)2[Sn2S6]·2H2O, consists of discrete [Sn2S6]4− anions, diprotonated tris(2-amino­ethyl)­amine dications and hydrate water mol­ecules. The cations and water mol­ecules occupy general positions, whereas the anions are located on centres of inversion. In the crystal structure, the anions, cations and water mol­ecules are connected via hydrogen bonds.
Does higher cash-in-hand income motivate young people to engage in under-declared employment?

The aim of this paper is to analyse financial gains as a motive for engaging in underdeclared employment (choosing envelope wages) amongst youth population. A youth profile of those more likely to choose envelope wages for financial gains is proposed, based on socio-demographic characteristics. Reporting on a survey amongst 1,059 students and employing logistic regression analysis, the finding is that unmarried undergraduate students with a difficult financial situation are more likely to choose envelope wages for a higher cash-in-hand income. Various theoretical explanations and motivations for engaging in such noncompliant behaviour are then explored to test their validity for the youth population. Previous personal behaviour, tax morality, peers’ behaviour (social norm) as well as trust in public authorities enforcing compliance with labour law are found to be associated with the propensity to choose envelope wages for financial gains. The implications of these findings are discussed in the concluding section.
METACOGNITION IN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION.

The study determined the cognitive and affective effects of metacognitive activities. Specifically, it sought answers to define the subjects’ chemistry performance, motivation, and scientific attitude before and after the exposure to the intervention, to find out the significant improvement in the given parameters, and to design improved instructional activities in the light of the findings. The quasi-experimental study used the one group pretest-posttest design to answer the problems posed. At the outset, the cognitive and affective levels of the 42 subjects were determined. To find out the cognitive effects, a chemistry performance test developed by the researcher and validated by panel of experts was used. Chemistry Motivation Questionnaire and Science Attitude Inventory II were used to determine the subjects’ affective status. After the intervention period, the subjects’ exit competence was determined and differentiated from the pretest level. Through the t-statistic for paired observations, the difference between the tests was computed for the level of significance. As the final output, an enhanced instructional guide on integrating activities for metacognitive development among chemistry students was designed. There are seven metacognitive activities that were utilized in the present research undertaking, namely: Learning Portfolio (LP), Metacognitive Planning/Feedback/Discussion, Metacognitive Wrapper, Session Reflection Log, Goal-setting, Metacognitive Notetaking, and Learning Community. The activities correspond to specific episodes of the instructional cycles and were tweaked with the intent of purposefully helping students develop metacognitive skillfulness. It is recommended that related studies be explored to determine the effect of a prolonged exposure of the students to the different metacognitive activities. Chemistry teachers may also adopt activities which are known to effectively assist students in conceptual development of abstract concepts in Chemistry and if situations permits, subjects be taught with laboratory following the science inquiry philosophy. Further, course and class advisers should encourage students to write their goal statements. Schools should also provide ample and varied opportunities for students to succeed and move up in the academic rung. Schools can design online or semi-online platform to cater to working students, second coursers, and working professionals whose circumstance could hamper in their maximum compliance and access to classroom activities. Lastly, to make science relevant to career and the personal lives of the non-science majors, academic programs such as environmental science or science, technology, and society may be offered in lieu of non-laboratory Physics and Chemistry.
Foreign Institutional Ownership and Corporate Cash Holdings: Evidence from Emerging Markets

This paper empirically investigates the effects of foreign institutional ownership on corporate cash holdings. Using firm-level data for a sample of firms from 23 emerging economies, between 2006 and 2015, the paper shows that, while foreign institutional ownership has a negative effect on cash holdings, it also increases the contribution of cash to firm valuation. The paper also inspects three potential mechanisms through which foreign institutional ownership can affect cash policy and the value of cash: Foreign institutional investors can reduce financing constraints, demand a higher dividend payout policy, and reduce agency costs via enhanced monitoring. The results from the paper add novel evidence on the effects of foreign institutional ownership on corporate behaviour, suggesting that foreign investors contribute to a more efficient and value-enhancing cash policy.
Testing equality of autocovariances of high-dimensional time series∗†

The problem of testing for the equality of autocovariances of two independent highdimensional time series is studied. Three major types of tests are considered: those based on the suprema or sums of suitable averages across the dimensions, and that specific to factor models for high-dimensional time series. Theoretical properties of the tests are discussed, and also proved in some cases where the necessary results are not available in the literature. The proposed methodologies are assessed on simulated data, with performance contrasted between so-called sparse and factor models of time series. An application using fMRI data from individuals experiencing two different emotional states is provided.
A comprehensive look at the forecast performance with robust forecast comparison

Forecasting economic and financial variable is important that success or failure of monetary policy or hedging strategies depends heavily on the accuracy of the forecasts. Hence, decision on the model to be used in forecasting is crucial. However, until now, the forecast superiority of one model relative to others has been dependent on the loss function that was specified. To circumvent this problem, this paper uses the concepts of general-loss forecast superiority and convex-loss forecast superiority tests introduced by Jin et al. (2016). They developed the forecast evaluation tests based upon a mapping between stochastic dominance and forecast superiority. Also, this paper shows that the combination of the LASSO-based approaches and dynamic factor model delivers superior forecasts than a variety of competing models suggested by many studies. There have been a great deal of evidence that combining models can reduce the forecast error using moment-based criteria. As an extension of those results, we investigate the performance of forecasting combination based on the entire distribution of forecast errors.
Potential Influence of Urban Sprawl and Changing Land Surface Temperature on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Lagos State, Nigeria

Abstract The continuous monitoring of the relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and land cover change is imperative for an inquiry into the potential impact of LST on human well-being, including urban outdoor thermal comfort in Lagos State, Nigeria. Using Landsat imagery, this study assessed land cover and LST changes from 1984 to 2019. Land cover was extracted, LST was determined from Landsat imageries and the land cover changes were linked to LST using the contribution index (CI). Afterwards, the universal thermal climate index (UTCI) was calculated to determine the heat stress levels. Findings confirm the presence of urban sprawl and new growth areas in previously rural Local Government Areas (LGAs) eastward, northward and westward of Lagos metropolis and in regions which lie on the fringe of the state's border with Ogun State. Also, a very strong link between high LST intensities and increasing concentration of urban areas in rapidly growing LGAs has been observed. This link further confirms the increased warming of the state, with an increase in mean LST of 2.16°C during 1984–2019. The UTCI which was used to gauge the influence of LST on outdoor thermal comfort ranged from moderate to strong heat stress levels. This study helps to strengthen the case for definite policies and actions which should be aimed at achieving moderate urban development through increased urban tree canopy/green infrastructure provision and carbon sequestration activities in urban design/landscape design, in Lagos State.
Preparation and tunable temperature sensitivity of biodegradable polyurethane nanoassemblies from diisocyanate and poly(ethylene glycol)

The development of temperature-responsive and biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles with tunable temperature sensitivity is of great interest. In this study, alternating polyurethanes were synthesized from diisocyanate (L-lysine ethyl ester diisocyanate (LDI) or hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of different molecular weights. The resulting polyurethanes were then used to prepare nanoparticles either by direct dispersion in water or by nanoprecipitation. The temperature-responsive property of the polyurethane nanoparticles was evaluated by UV-visible transmittance experiments and dynamic light scattering. During the heating–cooling cycling, the LDI-PEG series showed almost no change except LDI-PEG600, but the HDI-PEG series exhibited reversible dispersion–aggregation changes. The nanoparticles were spherical at temperatures below or above the cloud point, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. The cloud point temperature of the alternative polymers was found to depend on both the hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance of the alternative chain and polymer concentration. The degradation test in vitro revealed a fall of less than 20% of polymer molecular weight within 12 days. The transition temperature was close to human body temperature, which could have great potential in biomedical fields.
Bioactive Lipids: Chemistry & Health Benefits

The dietary requirement depends upon various factors such as age, occupation, location, and health condition. With an ever-changing lifestyle and increasing food safety issues, coronary heart diseases, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and several other health conditions are increasing. However, as observed by doctors and nutritionists, the consumption of certain food items is associated with the prevention of disorders. Bioactive components are the extra nutritional components present in minute quantities in food. They are intensively studied to evaluate their effects on human health. These bioactive compounds differ widely in their chemical structure and function and thus are categorized accordingly. Bioactive lipids can play a crucial role in prevention against the onset of certain disorders. The present paper reviews the different dietary bioactive lipids, the effect of their consumption on health, and challenges in the incorporation of such components into food systems.
Physiological Response of Cotton to High Night Temperatures

Variable yields of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) have been mostly attributed to high day temperatures. However, high night temperatures seem to play a major role due to their effect on respiration by affecting the carbohydrate supply for plant growth and yield. Little is known about the effect of night temperatures on the metabolism of field-grown cotton. This study evaluated the effect of different periods (weeks) of high night temperatures on leaf respiration and photosynthesis, leaf carbohydrate concentration, and fiber yield as determined by the fiber weight per seed. Night temperatures were elevated daily for 4 hours during flowering and boll development and their effect compared with ambient conditions. Results showed that short periods of one week of high night temperatures in the field in 2002 and 2003 had little effect on respiration, whereas the longer period of 4 weeks in 2004 caused a significant increase in respiration. There was also no effect of high night temperatures on respiration of plants cultivated under growth room conditions. Photosynthesis and the leaf carbohydrate content were not affected by the night temperature regimes in either environment. There was a significant increase in boll abscission by the second week of high night temperature treatment under growth room conditions followed by compensation. The only component of yield affected by high night temperature was fiber per seed which would suggest less available carbohydrate. Overall, the high night temperatures had some small effect on respiration, no effect on photosynthesis, and resulted in a decrease in fiber weight. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A Research on the Relationship between Ethical Climate, Organizational Learning and Innovative Behavior

It was aimed to investigate the relationship between the concepts of ethical climate, organizational learning and innovative behavior in this study. In line with this objective, a study was conducted on the white-collar employees of Turkey's largest first 500 industrial companies in the year of 2016 that were determined by İstanbul Chamber of Industry (İSO) with reference to the criteria of size of sales from production. The analyzes of the study included data from 526 participants. It was found that there were positive and significant relationships between organizational learning and innovative behavior and between all other sub-dimensions of ethical climate except instrumental. However, significant and positive relationships were found between all sub-dimensions of organizational learning and innovative behavior. The regression analysis results showed that caring (well-being of each other), rules, independence effect organizational learning positively while laws and codes, instrumental effect negatively. Additionally, it was found that all the other ethical climate dimensions, except the instrumental, also influenced innovative behaviors in positive direction. On the other hand, it was detected that organizational learning has been positively related to innovative behavior. Moderate simple mediation analysis was conducted to test the mediator role of organizational learning in relation between ethical climate and innovative behavior. It has been understood that the relationship between ethical climate and innovative behavior is under the influence of organizational learning and it has been determined that organizational learning has a mediating effect as an intermediary variable in this relation.
Association between fractures and traditional risk factors for osteoporosis and low bone mineral density in patients with obesity

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the reasons for request of bone mineral density (BMD) evaluation and correlate the BMD results with previous fractures, risk factors for osteoporosis, and clinical characteristics in patients with obesity. Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective, single-site study including adult patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 and BMD evaluation between January 2015 and May 2016 selected from a BMD database. Data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, comorbidities, medications, risk factors, previous fractures, and indications for BMD evaluation were collected from the participants’ medical records. Results: The study included 619 patients (89.9% women, mean BMI 34.79 ± 4.05 kg/m2). In all, 382 (61.7%), 166 (26.8%), and 71 (11.5%) patients had class 1, 2, and 3 obesity, respectively. The most frequent (29.9%) reason for BMD evaluation was for osteoporosis monitoring. In all, 69.4% of the patients had low BMD. Multivariate analysis showed that age, calcium supplementation, and previous osteoporosis or osteopenia were associated with low BMD, while age, vitamin D supplementation, use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and low BMD were associated with previous fractures (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusions: Among patients with obesity identified from a tertiary hospital database, those with low bone mass and risk factors traditionally associated with fractures had an increased history of fractures. Patients with greater BMI had better bone mass and fewer fractures. These findings indicate that the association between reduced weight, risk factors for osteoporosis, and fractures remained despite the presence of obesity in our population.
Effect of Organizational Change on Employee Performance among selected Commercial Banks in Bujumbura, Burundi

This study explored the effect of organizational change on employee performance among selected commercial banks in Bujumbura, Burundi. Objectives that guided the study include: (i) to determine the effect of structural change on employee performance in commercial banks in Bujumbura; (ii) to determine the effect of strategic change on employee performance in commercial banks in Bujumbura; and (iii) to determine the effect of technological change on employee performance in commercial banks in Bujumbura. The study adopted a cross-sectional design, the target population was 163 employees and the sample size was 116, however, only 104 successfully participated in the study. The main research instruments included questionnaires. The study revealed that structural change significantly affects employee performance by causing a variance of 56.8% (R 2 = 0.568, P=0.000). Furthermore, it was established that strategic change significantly affects employee performance by causing a variance of 47.2% (R 2 = 0.472, P.0.000). Lastly, the study revealed that technological change significantly affects employee performance by causing a variance of 51.4% (R 2 = 0.514, p = 0.000). The study drew the conclusion that organizational change had a significant effect on employee performance. The study gave the following recommendations: the management of commercial banks should periodically change the way business is done in a manner that timely responds to the ever dynamic customer demands. The management of commercial banks should practice appropriate strategic changes that enable them to offer services that meet the expectations of different groups of customers. Additionally, management should frequently train their employees so that they are knowledgeable and remain capable in the event that a change has occurred. In the same vein, the management of commercial banks should embrace technological advancement in enhancing their business operations. This study contributed to the body of knowledge that structural change, strategic change and technological change all have significant effect on employee performance in the banking sector of Burundi.