Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Different Approaches to Clinical Phenotyping of Lithium Response: A Proof of Principle Study Employing Genetic Variants of Three Candidate Circadian Genes

Optimal classification of the response to lithium (Li) is crucial in genetic and biomarker research. This proof of concept study aims at exploring whether different approaches to phenotyping the response to Li may influence the likelihood of detecting associations between the response and genetic markers. We operationalized Li response phenotypes using the Retrospective Assessment of Response to Lithium Scale (i.e., the Alda scale) in a sample of 164 cases with bipolar disorder (BD). Three phenotypes were defined using the established approaches, whilst two phenotypes were generated by machine learning algorithms. We examined whether these five different Li response phenotypes showed different levels of statistically significant associations with polymorphisms of three candidate circadian genes (RORA, TIMELESS and PPARGC1A), which were selected for this study because they were plausibly linked with the response to Li. The three original and two revised Alda ratings showed low levels of discordance (misclassification rates: 8–12%). However, the significance of associations with circadian genes differed when examining previously recommended categorical and continuous phenotypes versus machine-learning derived phenotypes. Findings using machine learning approaches identified more putative signals of the Li response. Established approaches to Li response phenotyping are easy to use but may lead to a significant loss of data (excluding partial responders) due to recent attempts to improve the reliability of the original rating system. While machine learning approaches require additional modeling to generate Li response phenotypes, they may offer a more nuanced approach, which, in turn, would enhance the probability of identifying significant signals in genetic studies.
Origami/Kirigami‐Guided Morphing of Composite Sheets

Several strategies are recently exploited to transform 2D sheets into desired 3D structures. For example, soft materials can be morphed into 3D continuously curved structures by inducing nonhomogeneous strain. On the other hand, rigid materials can be folded, often by origami/kirigami‐inspired approaches (i.e., flat sheets are folded along predesigned crease patterns). Here, for the first time, combining the two strategies, composite sheets are fabricated by embedding rigid origami/kirigami skeleton with creases into heat shrinkable polymer sheets to create novel 3D structures. Upon heating, shrinkage of the polymer sheets is constrained by the origami/kirigami patterns, giving rise to laterally nonuniform strain. As a result, Gaussian curvature of the composite sheets is changed, and flat sheets are transformed into 3D curved structures. A series of 3D structures are folded using this approach, including cones and truncated pyramids with different base shapes. Flat origami loops are folded into step structures. Tessellation of origami loops is transformed into 3D checkerboard pattern.
Sjogren syndrome

Primary Sjögren syndrome occurs in the absence of another underlying rheumatic disorder, whereas secondary Sjögren syndrome is associated with another underlying rheumatic disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), or scleroderma. Given the overlap of Sjögren syndrome with many other rheumatic disorders, it is sometimes difficult to determine whether a clinical manifestation is solely a consequence of Sjögren syndrome or is due to one of its overlapping disorders.
Local Production and Commercialisation of Milk from Holstein Cows in the Grassfields of Cameroon: Contribution to Improving Living Conditions in Rural Areas

The role of livestock farming is no longer to be demonstrated in rural areas. Livestock provide income and facilitate access to food in rural areas. The aim of this article is to analyse the local production and marketing of milk from Holstein cows in the Grassfield (North West and West regions) of Cameroon in order to understand how much Holstein farming contributes to the rural economy. The data was collected using a questionnaire administered to 325 households producing milk from Holstein cows only. These households were selected on the basis of the existence of milk production units in the study area The data were analysed using SPSS version 20 software and Excel. Analyses of the data collected reveal that; the average milk production of cows in Grassfields varies from one lactation stage to another (7.75 liters/ day in the beginning of lactation to 17 liters / day at the end of lactation) with a daily average of 12.83 liters per day. The milk production of Holstein cows in the study areas is higher in Noun division (10 to 20 liters / day) than in Mezam division (5.5 to 14 liters per day). The profit margin generated by large producers is 230,100 CFA francs per month. On the other hand, the small producers have a profit margin of 33,800 CFA francs per month. The chi-square test of independence showed that X² = 5.756 and the probability (sig) = 1.6% which is less than 5%, which implies that the result is significant at 5%. The rotating saving groups contribute to the improvement of incomes. They therefore play a role in financing production. The evaluation of the contribution of rotating saving and credits association in improving the standard of living of households producing Holstein milk has shown that rotating saving association contribute significantly to the financing of the production of milk in production units, the education of children in breeding households. Rotating saving groups facilitate access to household food and healthcare. This economic activity of production and commercialisation of milk from Holstein cows certainly makes it possible to meet the daily needs of households, but it remains an informal activity in view of the production environment. The strong involvement of the public authorities is therefore necessary to make milk production a sector of the economy, although production and marketing activities are currently impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) in Agricultural Land Use Systems in Subtropical Environments

ABSTRACT Changes in land use management in agricultural areas can affect the biodiversity of spider families. This study aimed to evaluate spider diversity in different land use systems with capture by two sampling methods, and to identify soil properties that can modulate the occurrence of spiders. Five land use systems, representative of traditional agricultural areas, were evaluated in the west of Santa Catarina, Brazil, to establish a scale of land use intensity: native forest, eucalyptus reforestation areas, pastures, crop-livestock integration [. ]
Nicht-Interventionelle Studie zum Einfluss eines Damiana-Präparates auf die Verbesserung der Symptomatik des Mangels oder Verlusts von sexuellem Verlangen bei Frauen

Zusammenfassung Blattextrakte von Damiana (Turnera diffusa) werden in der Therapie des Mangels oder Verlusts von sexuellem Verlangen eingesetzt. Zur Erhebung der Veränderung der empfundenen klinischen Symptomatik wurde eine multizentrische, nicht-interventionelle Studie (NIS) bei Frauen (n=70) durchgeführt. Nach achtwöchiger Einnahme eines pflanzlichen Arzneimittels mit Damiana-Extrakt (675 mg täglich) zeigten die Patientinnen (n=35; 46,1±10,9 Jahre) eine signifikante Zunahme beim weiblichen sexuellen Funktionsindex (Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-d); p<0,01) und dessen Domänen. Währenddessen sank der Score der weiblichen sexuellen Belastungsskala (Female Sexual Distress Scale–Revised (FSDS-R)) signifikant (p<0,01) bei tendenzieller Zunahme der Lebensqualität (Münchner Lebensqualitäts-Dimensionen Liste (MLDL)). Die Ergebnisse der NIS legen nahe, dass das Arzneimittel einen positiven Beitrag auf die individuelle Symptomatik sowie den empfundenen persönlichen Leidensdruck leisten kann und können daher als Basis für konfirmatorische klinische Studien dienen.
Planning maize hybrids adaptation to future climate change by integrating crop modelling with machine learning

Crop hybrid improvement is an efficient and environmental-friendly option to adapt to climate change and increase grain production. However, the adaptability of existing hybrids to a changing climate has not been systematically investigated. Therefore, little is known about the appropriate timing of hybrid adaptation. Here, using a novel hybrid model which coupled CERES-Maize with machine learning, we critically investigated the impacts of climate change on maize productivity with an ensemble of hybrid-specific estimations in China. We determined when and where current hybrids would become unviable and hybrid adaptation need be implemented, as well as which hybrid traits would be desirable. Climate change would have mostly negative impacts on maize productivity, and the magnitudes of yield reductions would highly depend on the growth cycle of the hybrids. Hybrid replacement could partially, but not completely, offset the yield loss caused by projected climate change. Without adaptation, approximately 53% of the cultivation areas would require hybrid renewal before 2050 under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios. The medium-maturing hybrids with a long grain-filling duration and a high light use efficiency would be promising, although the ideotypic traits could be different for a specific environment. The findings highlight the necessity and urgency of breeding climate resilient hybrids, providing policy-makers and crop breeders with the early signals of when, where and what hybrids will be required, which stimulate proactive investment to facilitate breeding. The proposed crop modelling approach is scalable, largely data-driven and can be used to tackle the longstanding problem of predicting hybrids’ future performance to accelerate development of new crop hybrids.
Green Hotel Concept and Practices in Indonesia

The term of green hotel is still less popular in the community, tourists and even tourism practitioners, as well as many people who do not understand the definition and practice. In Indonesia, green hotels remain an important concern for the government and the private sector regarding the contribution to environmental preservation and reducing the impact of global warming. The application of the green hotel concept still raises pros and cons due to a number of burdensome requirements for business actors. They mostly assume green hotel is a burden and will reduce the comfort of hotel guests. Eventhough in terms of tourists side many of them need green hotel, but in fact not all travelers understand about the green hotel, especially in Indonesia. This paper examines a number of green hotel empirical concepts and facts that have been conducted in various countries and then compares with Indonesia. The case in Yogyakarta is an example on how tourists have not fully understood the concept of green hotels
Clinical impact of nosocomial infection with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in a respiratory ward in Guangzhou

Background Nosocomial outbreaks of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus [A(H1N1)pdm09] easily develop due to its high transmissibility. This study aimed to investigate the clinical impacts of a nosocomial outbreak of A(H1N1)pdm09 between 21 January and 17 February 2016. Methods Patients who developed influenza-like illness (ILI) more than 48 hours after hospitalization in the index ward were enrolled as suspected patients, defined as group A and quarantined. Patients in other wards were defined as group B. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine the origins of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes. Results After the implementation of an infection control measure bundle, the outbreak was limited to eight patients with ILIs in group A. Nasal swabs from seven patients were positive for A(H1N1)pdm09. All the patients recovered after treatment. Prolonged viral shedding was observed in a patient with bronchiectasis and Penicillium marneffei infection. Compared to the expected duration of hospitalization in patients without fever, those with fever had a median 7-day delay in discharge and a mean excess cost of 3,358 RMB. The four influenza strains identified were genetically identical to the A/California/115/2015 strain. Six of the 54 patients in group B who underwent bronchoscopy developed transient fever. These patients were hospitalized in various wards of the hospital and recovered after a short-term course of empirical antibiotics. Conclusions After the implementation of infection control measures, the nosocomial A(H1N1)pdm09 outbreak was rapidly contained; infected patients had a delay in discharge and excess costs, but no deaths occurred.
Impact of Jatropha Oil on Engine Performance, Emission Characteristics, Deposit Formation, and Lubricating Oil Degradation

ABSTRACT Using vegetable oils as fuel for diesel engines in the long term may cause some extremely serious problems, such as an increase in toxic emission and pollutants, reduction in engine power, and degradation of lubricating oil (LO) due to deposit formation, abrasion, and wear, as well as damaged engines. In this study, the 4 stroke–4 cylinder-Yanmar TF120M diesel engine was tested the endurance during 300 h on diesel fuel (DF) and preheated straight jatropha oil to evaluate the effects of these two fuel types on the degree of deposit formation, LO, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and emission characteristics. The results showed that, although the properties of straight jatropha oil were improved by preheating at 90°C (SJO90), the degree of deposit formation for SJO90 was observed higher in comparison with DF. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the deposits. Related to engine performance and emission characteristics, higher BSFC, unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions, and lower nitrogen oxide emissions for SJO90 compared to DF were presented. About the results of LO analysis, the excessive metal concentrations in LO of test engine for SJO90 were much higher than the case of using DF. Besides, an increase in LO density and a reduction in LO viscosity also showed the degradation of LO for SJO90 in comparison with DF after test time.
Perceptions of blue-green and grey infrastructure as climate change adaptation strategies for urban water resilience

Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI, including swales, green roofs, and wetlands) plays an important role in reducing vulnerability to climate change risks such as flooding, heat stress, and water shortages, while enhancing urban environments and quality of life for citizens. Understanding the perceptions that professional stakeholders have of BGI is fundamental in addressing barriers to implementation. A novel application of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) is developed to investigate and compare implicit (unconscious) perceptions of blue-green and grey infrastructure with explicit (conscious) attitudes. This is the first time an IAT about BGI has focused on professional stakeholders. Blue-green and grey infrastructure are perceived positively by the sample population. Overall, respondents implicitly and explicitly prefer BGI to grey infrastructure, and regard it as safer, tidier, more attractive, useful, valuable, and necessary. The individual positive explicit perceptions of grey infrastructure, nonetheless, suggest that integrated blue-green and grey systems may be preferable for professional stakeholders to incorporate into water management and climate change adaptation strategies.
A Systematic Review on the Impact of the Social Confinement on People with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Caregivers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic had imposed a variety of containment measures on the general population for prolonged periods. Confinement has had, and still has, social, economic, educational, health, and psychological consequences on the entire population. Objective: In this article, a systematic search has been performed based on studies carried out since the beginning of the pandemic, regarding the impact of these containment measures on the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) population and their caregivers. Method: We consulted six databases (i.e., PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct) and selected ten studies that met the inclusion criteria. The chosen studies have been classified according to their theoretical focus, methodology, and target population. Results: We found an increase in stress and a decrease in psychological well-being among individuals diagnosed with ASD (i.e., parents and caregivers). Additionally, in studies focused on children, youth, and adults with ASD diagnosis, the results are contradictory depending on variables such as age, ASD severity, or type of family structure. Conclusions: The results show that the consequences of quarantine and social confinement are quite contradictory and depend on variables such as age, ASD severity, and family features.
The Between-Competition Running Demands of Elite Hurling Match-Play

The current study aimed to investigate the differences in running demands between the National Hurling League (NHL) and the Championship, and within playing positions. GPS (10 Hz, STATSports Apex GNSS) were used to analyse the running demands during 34 games (2017–2020 seasons) of the Championship and the NHL. The running demands (total-, relative-, high-speed- [>17 km·h−1] and sprint [≥22 km·h−1] distance, number and length of sprints, and peak speed) were compared between competitions. Greater total- [ES = 0.32], relative- [ES = 0.26], and sprint-distance [ES = 0.41], and number of sprints [ES = 1.29] were completed in the Championship. The high-speed distance was similar between competitions. Half-backs and half-forwards covered greater total- (ES = 0.91 and 0.21, respectively), relative- (ES = 1.14 and 0.68, respectively), high-speed- (ES = 0.69 and 0.44, respectively), and sprint-distance (ES = 0.50 and 1.26, respectively), number of sprints (ES = 2.66 and 1.73, respectively), and peak speed (ES = 1.09 and 1.32, respectively) in the Championship. There was no difference (p < 0.05) in the sprint distance covered between positions in the Championship. The results showed that the Championship is more physically demanding. The findings present key implications for the transition between competitions.
Nanosilicon dioxide hydrosol as surfactant for preparation of microencapsulated phase change materials for thermal energy storage in buildings

Microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs) have been recognized as potential energy storage materials for applications such as balancing of heating and cooling loads in buildings. However, current MEPCMs do suffer from low thermal conductivity and low mechanical strength thus limiting their full potential. Past investigations have shown that nanomaterials could be used as a surfactant for the preparation of O/W emulsion and for thermal enhancement in encapsulation processes of phase change materials. For that reason nanosilicon dioxide hydrosol was selected as a surfactant for the encapsulation of samples of n-octadecane due to its excellent thermal stability and good combination properties with both organic and inorganic phase change materials. To this end, the focus of the study was on the synthesis and characterization of the fabricated MEPCM samples. Analysis of the results did show good particle dispersion and shell integrity with the best fabricated sample (MF-2) achieving a significant increase in thermal stability temperature by approximately 78°C (i.e. from 133°C to 211°C) and also higher core material content ranging from 8% to 25% in comparison with other samples. However, there was a reduction of about 17% in the energy storage capacity and a slight reduction of 0.57°C in its melting temperature when compared with the original sample of n-octadecane. The results also revealed that the nucleating agent (ammonium chloride) did affect the morphology, particle size distribution and the content of the base materials. Further enhancement studies are therefore encouraged.
PEMBUATAN ADSORBEN DARI SEKAM PADI SEBAGAI PENYERAP LOGAM BERAT TEMBAGA (Cu) DAN TIMBAL (Pb) DALAM AIR LIMBAH

Seiring dengan perkembangan industri yang semakin bertambah, maka semakin banyak pula limbah yang dihasilkan (hasil sampingan yang diproduksi sebagai limbah). Beberapa metode kimia maupun biologis telah dicoba untuk menghilangkan logam berat yang terdapat di dalam limbah, diantaranya adsorpsi. Salah satu adsorben dari alam yang menjanjikan untuk dimanfaatkan adalah sekam padi. Tahapan awal yang dilakukan adalah membuat karbon aktif dari sekam padi. Karbon yang telah teraktivasi ditimbang dengan variasi massa yaitu 0.5 g, 1 g dan 2 g kemudian dimasukkan kedalam 100 ml sampel air limbah yang telah diketahui konsentrasi Tembaga (Cu) dan Timbalnya (Pb). Kemudian campuran diaduk dengan menggunakan magnetic stirrer selama variasi waktu pengadukan 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 dan 180 menit. Adsorpsi optimum ion logam Cu dan Pb pada air limbah diperoleh pada massa adsorben 2 g waktu pengadukan 180 menit dengan efisiensi penyerapan masing-masing 98,63% dan 99,39% dan kapasitas adsorpsinya yaitu 0,3205 mg/g dan 0,1377 mg/g.
Household Credit as Stimulus? Evidence from Brazil

From 2011 to 2014, the Brazilian government conducted a heavily advertised major credit expansion program through government banks as part of its effort to stimulate the economy. Using administrative data on individual-level borrowing and spending, we find that the program led to a substantial rise in borrowing by government employees, especially those with low financial literacy. We trace the impact of credit stimulus on borrowers' consumption through the 2011-16 business cycle, and find that the credit stimulus resulted in higher consumption volatility and lower average consumption over the cycle. Our results suggest a potential downside of using household credit as stimulus in emerging markets. Gabriel Garber Central Bank of Brazil Caixa Postal 08670 CEP 70074-900 Brasília DF gabriel.garber@bcb.gov. br Atif R. Mian Princeton University Bendheim Center For Finance 26 Prospect Avenue Princeton, NJ 08540 and NBER atif@princeton.edu Jacopo Ponticelli Kellogg School of Management Northwestern University 2211 Campus Drive Evanston, IL 60208 and NBER jacopo.ponticelli@kellogg.northwestern. edu Amir Sufi University of Chicago Booth School of Business 5807 South Woodlawn Avenue Chicago, IL 60637 and NBER amir.sufi@chicagobooth.edu
Diffusive fluxes of phosphorus, potassium and metallic microelements as affected by soil compaction

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the effects of soil compaction on phosphorus (P), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) diffusive fluxes. The experiment consisted of two Oxisols and eight compaction pressures. The soil samples were placed in diffusion chambers, simultaneously with two ion-exchange membranes (anionic and cationic), compressed and incubated for 20 days. The P, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn diffusive fluxes (PDF, KDF, ZnDF, CuDF, FeDF, and MnDF) were determined. The compaction decreased the PDF in the oxidic-gibbsitic soil, and increased KDF, ZnDF, CuDF, and MnDF, in both soils. There was a higher diffusion of Zn, Cu, and Mn in the kaolinitic than the oxidic-gibbsitic soil. The descending order of cationic-microelement diffusive flux was MnDF > ZnDF ⋙ FeDF > CuDF. Presumably, Fe was mainly diffused as organic complexes with net negative charges, whereas Zn and Mn as free ions and, or, inorganic and organic complexes with positive charges. Abbreviations: CuDF, cupper diffusive flux; FeDF, iron diffusive flux; KDF, potassium diffusive flux; MnDF, manganese diffusive flux; PDF, phosphorus diffusive flux; ZnDF, zinc diffusive flux; AEM, anion-exchange membrane; CEM, cation-exchange membrane