Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Working Paper Series A single monetary policy for heterogeneous labour markets: the case of the euro area

Differences in labour market institutions and regulations between countries of the monetary union can cause divergent responses even to a common shock. We augment a multi-country model of the euro area with search and matching framework that differs across Ricardian and hand-to-mouth households. In this setting, we investigate the implications of cross-country heterogeneity in labour market institutions for the conduct of monetary policy in a monetary union. We compute responses to an expansionary demand shock and to an inflationary supply shock under the Taylor rule, asymmetric unemployment targeting, and average inflation targeting. For each rule we distinguish between cases with zero weight on the unemployment gap and a negative response to rising unemployment. Across all rules, responding to unemployment leads to lower losses of employment and higher inflation. Re-sponding to unemployment reduces cross-country differences within the monetary union and the differences in consumption levels of rich and poor households. JEL Classification
Kepemilikan Manajerial, Kepemilikan Institusional, Kebijakan Dividen, dan Kebijakan Hutang, Analisis terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Sektor Jasa yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2009-2012

Adanya kepemilikan manajerial pada salah satu perusahaan sektor jasa menimbulkan konflik internal antar pemegang saham. Konflik dipicu dari adanya indikasi penyelewengan keuangan oleh manajemen perusahaan yang juga merupakan pemegang saham dari perusahaan ( managerial ownership ). Akibatnya, nilai perusahaan menurun. Padahal kepemilikan manajerial diyakini dapat meningkatkan nilai perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kepemilikan manajerial, kepemilikan institusional, kebijakan dividen, dan kebijakan hutang terhadap nilai perusahaan. Berdasarkan metode purposive sampling , total sampel penelitian adalah 52 data penelitian. Alat analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan manajerial, kepemilikan institusional, kebijakan dividen, dan kebijakan hutang secara simultan memiliki pengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Secara parsial, kepemilikan manajerial dan kepemilikan institusional tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan, sedangkan kebijakan dividen dengan arah pengaruh positif dan kebijakan hutang dengan arah pengaruh negatif berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan
Evaluation of Nanopore Sequencing for Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using Negative Smear Clinical Specimens

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nanopore sequencing for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) using smear-negative clinical specimens. Methods We conducted a retrospective study based on a review of patient medical records to assess the accuracy of nanopore sequencing as a diagnostic tool for smear-negative PTB. Compared with clinical diagnosis, we determined the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the curve (AUC) of nanopore sequencing. Results A total of 647 patients were evaluated. Nanopore sequencing demonstrated an overall sensitivity of 91.7%, specificity of 85.3%, PPV of 95.1%, NPV of 76.4%, and AUC of 0.88. Notably, the overall diagnostic accuracy of nanopore sequencing was significantly higher than that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture technique. Conclusion Nanopore sequencing exhibited satisfactory overall diagnostic accuracy for smear-negative PTB, regardless of MTB culture status. Therefore, if conditions permit, nanopore sequencing is recommended as a diagnostic method for smear-negative PTB.
Comparative Analysis of Laparoscopic Versus Open Procedures in Specific General Surgical Interventions

Laparoscopic and open surgeries are two distinct surgical approaches with significantly different procedures and outcomes. Minimally invasive surgery, also known as laparoscopic surgery, utilizes small incisions and specialized instruments like the laparoscope to perform procedures. This contrasts with open surgery, which requires larger incisions to directly access the surgical site. Open surgery was the preferred approach for any invasive procedure until the introduction of new technological advances in the form of laparoscopy. While laparoscopy is still evolving, preliminary results demonstrate promise for various operations. Open surgery provides the healthcare professional with more liberty in the form of increased visualization, but it also increases tissue damage and hospital stays. Laparoscopic and open procedures are both valuable surgical methods with advantages and disadvantages. While open surgery is favored for difficult patients, laparoscopic surgery offers a quicker recovery and fewer scars. The choice between the two approaches depends on the patient's condition, surgical demands, and the surgeon's skills. As these methods develop, they become increasingly important for offering safe and efficient surgical treatments across a range of medical specialties.
Improving the ﬁre weather index system for peatlands using peat-speciﬁc hydrological input data

The Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) system, even though originally developed and calibrated for an up-land Jack pine forest, is used globally to estimate ﬁre danger for any ﬁre environment. However, for some environments, such as peatlands, the applicability of the FWI in its current form, is often questioned. In this study, we replaced the original moisture codes of the FWI with hydrological estimates resulting from the assimilation of satellite-based L-band passive microwave observations into a peatland-speciﬁc land surface model. In a conservative approach that maintains the integrity of the original FWI structure, the distributions of the hydrological estimates were ﬁrst matched to those of the corresponding original moisture codes before replacement. The resulting adapted FWI, hereafter called FWI peat , was evaluated using satellite-based information on ﬁre presence over boreal peatlands from 2010 through 2018. Adapting the FWI with model-and satellite-based hydrological information was found to be beneﬁcial in estimating ﬁre danger, especially when replacing the deeper moisture codes of the FWI. For late-season ﬁres, further adaptations of the ﬁne fuel moisture code show even more improvement due to the fact that late-season ﬁres are more hydrologically driven. The proposed FWI peat should enable improved monitoring of ﬁre risk in boreal peatlands.
The Role of Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase in the Wine Yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum

Hanseniaspora uvarum is the predominant yeast species in the majority of wine fermentations, which has only recently become amenable to directed genetic manipulation. The genetics and metabolism of H. uvarum have been poorly studied as compared to other yeasts of biotechnological importance. This work describes the construction and characterization of homozygous deletion mutants in the HuZWF1 gene, encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), which provides the entrance into the oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and serves as a major source of NADPH for anabolic reactions and oxidative stress response. Huzwf1 deletion mutants grow more slowly on glucose medium than wild-type and are hypersensitive both to hydrogen peroxide and potassium bisulfite, indicating that G6PDH activity is required to cope with these stresses. The mutant also requires methionine for growth. Enzyme activity can be restored by the expression of heterologous G6PDH genes from other yeasts and humans under the control of a strong endogenous promoter. These findings provide the basis for a better adaptation of H. uvarum to conditions used in wine fermentations, as well as its use for other biotechnological purposes and as an expression organism for studying G6PDH functions in patients with hemolytic anemia.
Bio-efficacy of Insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera in Chickpea

The study was carried out to evaluate bio-efficacy of some insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in chickpea during rabi 2014-15 and 2015-16 at the Students’ Instructional Farm (SIF) of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. Minimum surviving and maximum reduction percentage of larval population was recorded in T5 (Spinosad 45 EC @ 166 ml/ ha), whereas maximum surviving and minimum reduction percentage of larval population was recorded in T1 (HaNPV @ 250 LE/ha) at 3rd, 7th and 10th days after spray. Significantly higher seed yield was obtained in case of (T5) Spinosad 45 SC (2550 kg ha-1 in 1st and 2680 kg ha-1 in 2nd year), respectively. Based on benefit: cost ratio of different treatments, (T5) Spinosad 45 SC ha-1 was found to be most economic insecticide, because it gave the maximum benefit as compared to remaining treatments.
Lupine Cultivation Affects Soil’s P Availability and Nutrient Uptake in Four Contrasting Soils

A substantial amount of phosphorus (P) in the soil is not readily available for plant uptake. Certain species may enhance P availability from poorly soluble P forms. This study focused on improving our comprehension of the effect of two lupine species (L. albus and L. angustifolius) on soil’s P mobilization and its link with soil acidity variations, comparing the response of the lupine species in terms of plant traits (i.e., aboveground biomass and nutrient uptake) with that of oats (Avena strigosa L.) in four contrasting soils (i.e., available P in soil, soil acidity, soil fertility, and texture). The phosphorus solubilization capacity was assessed on variations of P availability (PBray1) at four points in time, comparing soils with lupine to oat-containing soils and their baseline values. Compared to soils containing oats, at harvest, lupine soils had significantly increased PBray1 concentrations; the maximum average increment was around 5.3 mg kg−1, with L. albus in Sites 1 and 2, which presented higher organic matter (OM) contents than the other two sites. Lupine-induced soil acidification did not fully explain that P increase. Oats exhibited the highest increase in shoot dry weight in response to soil’s P availability, while lupine was the least affected. Nevertheless, L. albus showed similar or higher nutrient uptake than oats across all soils. The manganese (Mn) concentration was high in both lupine species’ shoot biomass; however, within each lupine species, across all soil types tested, these legumes had different Mn accumulation levels depending on the soil acidity. Lupinus albus had a higher ability to mobilize non-labile P in the light-textured soil with a high OM content, achieving comparable and higher plant P status than oats and providing N through biological N fixation (BNF), positioning it as a suitable crop for diversifying Uruguay’s agricultural crop rotation systems.
Extreme protomeric development in a burlingiid trilobite from Cambrian glacial erratics of Denmark

Pengia Geyer & Corbacho is a Cambrian burlingiid trilobite with fused trunk segments devoid of any articulation in the anamorphic and epimorphic phases of development. The type species is Pengia fusilis (Peng et al.) from the Wanshania wanshanensis Zone of China. Here we describe a second species, Pengia palsgaardia sp. nov., from the Lejopyge laevigata Zone of the Paradoxides forchhammeri Superzone. It comes from a glacial erratic in Denmark which probably originated in the Alum Shale Formation of Västergötland, Sweden. Pengia palsgaardia is a large burlingiid (~10 mm in length), with 14 fused segments in the trunk whose boundaries are marked by ridges. The axis is narrow, with the axial furrows faintly indicated or effaced across the median. Laterally along the axis and the tapering glabella, symmetrical globular lobes are developed that are pinched at their base. During ontogeny the glabellar furrows are pit‐like adaxially but shallow towards the axial furrow as the globular lobes develop. Their pit‐like appearance in Pengia palsgaardia and some other burlingiid species is not considered similar to the condition seen in oryctocephalid trilobites. A median preglabellar ridge resembling that of Schmalenseeia Moberg develops late in ontogeny but in early ontogeny the preglabellar field resembles that of Burlingia Walcott, Alumenella Geyer & Corbacho and Niordilobites Geyer & Corbacho. This gives Pengia a more basal position in the schmalenseeid lineage, outside the derived Schmalenseeia. In mature specimens the facial sutures in P. palsgaardia are fused, but an ocular suture may have been present. During ontogeny Pengia would have gone through the anamorphic and protomeric protaspid segmental conditions, but articulation between either the cephalon and pygidium, or pygidium and thoracic segments of the trunk never developed so it did not progress beyond the protaspid phase. This extreme protomeric development is considered to be a derived feature in Pengia.
Searching for Life: End-to-End Automated Detection and Characterization of Ediacaran Biosignatures

With state-of-the-art imaging and analytical tools onboard the NASA Perseverance Rover Mission, geological information for remote astrobiological analysis is readily available and more widespread than ever. For analysis of such data, there is a need for automated, remote assessment tools, capable of translational and scalable research. To search for evidence of life in the universe, one of the goals of astrobiological research, we must first recognize robust indicators of life on Earth. One method is the study of Earth’s early fossil record, dominated by simple organisms similar to that predicted to have existed on Mars - if life ever did develop. We identify a potential morphological biosignature, known as double-rippled bedforms (DRBs), from the Ediacaran Member (Rawnsley Quartzite, 550–555 Ma) of South Australia. We utilize these DRBs to develop a new tool for astrobiological investigation via an improved end-to-end remote, automated biosignature assessment tool, Scene-aware Perception Automation using Composite Embedding for Segmentation (SPACESeg2.0). The proposed tool accurately detects and quantitatively characterizes DRBs in imagery from varied fields-of-view, with practical artifact-ridden data, even when the DRBs constitute less than 1% of the total image. We establish the efficacy of SPACESeg2.0 in detecting desired structures compared with other deep-learning techniques.
Enhancing Healthcare Analytics: A Multiclass Supervised Learning Approach Approach for Disease Classification

Due to modern climate change and lifestyle choices, humans are increasingly vulnerable to a wide range of diseases. The early detection and forecasting of such diseases are of great significance in order to mitigate their severity. The precise identification of diseases by doctors by manual means is often challenging. This paper aims to ascertain and forecast the individuals suffering from prevalent long-term illnesses based on the symptoms. The reliable identification of individuals with diseases can be accomplished by employing a machine learning approach. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the novel proposed method, which incorporates pre-processing of the dataset and training the classifiers. The dataset utilized in this study is a widely accessible Kaggle dataset, which encompasses 41 distinct classes and 133 symptoms. In this study, five distinct machine learning (ML) techniques are employed in conjunction with a 10-fold cross-validation approach to discern and classify a total of 41 diverse disorders effectively. 100% testing accuracy is achieved by the three models: Support Vector Machines, Random Forest, and Decision Trees. The recommended approach serves as a critical component in facilitating healthcare workers in making effective and well-informed decisions, consequently improving disease recognition, diagnosis, and therapy planning within the medical field.
Bioactive Aporphine Alkaloids from the Roots of Artabotrys spinosus: Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity and Molecular Docking Studies

Six aporphine alkaloids (1–6) were isolated from Artabotrys spinosus roots based on bioassay-guided fraction and chromatographic methods. All isolated alkaloids were evaluated for their cholinesterase (ChEs) inhibitory activities, in which compounds 4 and 6 exhibited the highest activity toward butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), respectively. The Lineweaver-Burk plots suggested that 4 and 6 were mixed mode inhibitors toward BChE and AChE enzymes, respectively. In addition, the experimental results were also confirmed by molecular docking analysis. This information can help in designing a new inhibitor in the class of aporphine alkaloids in against Alzheimer's disease.
Analysis of the change in the composition of the CdTe surface upon implantation of О_2^+ ions and subsequent annealing

The methods of implantation of О_2^+ ions into a single-crystal CdTe/Mo(111) film followed by annealing at Т=800 K for 30 min resulted in the obtained CdTeO3 film. Ion implantation, heating, and investigation of the composition, density of state of valence electrons, and parameters of energy bands are carried out in the same ultra-high vacuum device (10-7 Pa). The surface morphology and crystal structure of the oxide are studied using standard scanning electron microscopy and high-speed electron diffraction setups. It has been established that in the valence band of the CdTeO3 film there is a 3rd maximum due to the excitation of electrons from 5s Cd electrons and 2p O electrons and bending 5s Cd + 2pO electrons. Based on the Eg data, it is concluded that quantum size effects are not detected in the case of CdTeO3 films with a thickness of ≥ 30 Å.
The effects of managerial systems on helminth infection in free- range chickens from northern Paraná, Brazil Os efeitos do sistema de manejo na infecção por helmintos em galinhas caipiras do norte do Paraná, Brasil

The effects of managerial systems on the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in Free-Range Chickens (FRCs) from northern Parana, Brazil were investigated. The most predominant (23.3%; 61/262) cestode observed was Raillietina cesticillus; Heterakis gallinarum (71.4%; 187/262) and Ascaridia galli (45%; 118/262) were the predominant nematodes; Postharmostomum commutatum was the only trematode observed in 2.7% (7/262) of FRCs. The most elevated parasitic burdens were associated with Heterakis gallinarum, Ascaridia galli, and Raillietina cesticillus. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) associations were observed when the effects of the types of bedding, soil type, and fence restriction of FRCs were considered relative to the possibility of helminthiasis. The type of bedding, the length of the sanitary break, and the presence of shading significantly (p ≤ 0.05) influenced the possibility of FRCs being infected by H. gallinarum. Most parameters evaluated were significantly associated with infection of FRCs by A. galli. These findings suggest that FRCs from northern Parana are infected by a wide-range of gastrointestinal helminths, but more frequently by R. cesticillus, H. gallinarum, and A. galli. Moreover, the type of floor bedding, the soil type, and the usage of fences in the management of FRCs is directly related to gastrointestinal helminthiasis.
DYNAMICS OF MAJOR NUTRIENTS IN A CALCAREOUS VERTIC HAPLUSTEPTS UNDER AICRP-LTFE SOILS

Most of the research information related to available forms of major nutrients are short-term studies. Cultivating soil for long period of time is changing major nutrient status. Losses of major nutrients are, in fact gradual and sometimes hidden. It is therefore not easy to recognize and understand the physical, chemical and biological processes leading to such major nutrient constraints in sustaining soil health and productivity in major soil cropping system of the sub-agroecological zones. Junagadh is one of the centers representing medium black calcareous soil (Vertic haplustepts). These soils are difficult to manage from fertility point of view. In view of the above the following broad objectives were set:
Prospective Study on the Correlation between CART and Leptin Gene Expression, Obesity, and Reproductive Hormones in Individuals Undergoing Bariatric Surgery

Obesity, a global health concern affecting 650 million individuals of all ages worldwide, prompts health complications, including fertility issues. This research investigates the impact of bariatric surgery on morbidly obese females under 40, examining the relationship between CART and leptin gene expressions and reproductive hormones. Post-surgery, a significant reduction in BMI (16.03 kg/m2, n = 29) was observed, accompanied by notable hormonal changes. FSH levels showed a mean difference of 3.18 ± 1.19 pre- and post-surgery (p < 0.001), LH levels exhibited a mean difference of 2.62 ± 1.1 (p < 0.001), E2 levels demonstrated a mean difference of 18.62 ± 5.02 (p < 0.001), and AMH levels showed a mean difference of 3.18 ± 1.19 (p < 0.001). High CART and leptin expressions before treatment correlated with lower expressions after treatment. These findings, rooted in statistically significant correlations (CART: rs = 0.51, p = 0.005; leptin: rs = 0.75, p < 0.001), shed light on potential molecular pathways connecting gene expressions with reproductive hormones post-bariatric surgery. Our study uniquely investigates the interplay between genetic markers, infertility, and bariatric surgery in women. It stands out by providing distinctive insights into the development of personalized treatment strategies for obesity-related infertility, contributing to a deeper understanding of this complex medical issue.
Immediate eﬀects of a single session of physical exercise on cognition and cerebral blood ﬂow: A randomized controlled study of older adults

Background: Regular physical activity is beneﬁcial for cognitive performance in older age. A single bout of aerobic physical exercise can transiently improve cognitive performance. Researchers have advanced improvements in cerebral circulation as a mediator of long-term eﬀects of aerobic physical exercise on cognition, but the immediate eﬀects of exercise on cognition and cerebral perfusion are not well characterized and the eﬀects in older adults are largely unknown. Methods: Forty-nine older adults were randomized to a 30-min aerobic exercise at moderate intensity or relaxation. Groups were matched on age and cardiovascular ﬁtness (VO2 max). Average Grey Matter Blood Flow (GMBF), measured by a pulsed arterial-spin labeling (pASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition, and working memory performance, measured by ﬁgurative n-back tasks with increasing loads were assessed before and 7 min after exercising/resting. Results: Accuracy on the n-back task increased from before to after exercising/resting regardless of the type of activity. GMBF decreased after exercise, relative to the control (resting) group. In the exercise group, higher n-back performance after exercise was associated with lower GMBF in the right hippocampus, left medial frontal cortex and right orbitofrontal cortex, and higher cardiovascular ﬁtness was associated with lower GMBF. Conclusion: The decrease of GMBF reported in younger adults shortly after exercise also occurs in older adults and relates to cardiovascular ﬁtness, potentially supporting the link between cardiovascular ﬁtness and cerebrovascular reactivity in older age.