Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breaking the yield barrier : proceedings of a Workshop on Rice Yield Potential in Favorable Environments IRRI, 29 Nobember - 4 December 1993

Breaking the yield barrier: proceedings of a Workshop on Rice Yield Potential in Favorable Environments, IRRI, 29 November-4 December 1993 , Breaking the yield barrier: proceedings of a Workshop on Rice Yield Potential in Favorable Environme. , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
A comparison between wood quality and growth in planted and naturally regenerated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in Sweden and in Poland

Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. is one of the most important trees species for wood industry in Sweden and in Poland. The silviculture is aiming for high quality timber. This study compares different regeneration methods, initial densities, improved planting material and their impact on wood quality and growth. The study areas were located in Linnebjorke and Varnamo Forests (southern Sweden) and in Potrzebowice State Forest district (western Poland). In total 30 circular plots were set up in Sweden and 8 in Poland. The results shows stand characteristics such as height, diameter, mean annual increment, volume and timber quality traits, i.e diameter of the thickest branch, crookedness, spike knots occurrence, damages and judged overall quality . Planted stands had on average greater mean heights (34%), diameters (39%), mean annual increment (242%) compared to the naturally regenerated stands. The volume of pines planted under the normal shelter was on average (121%) of those planted under the dense shelter. Similarly the volume of the naturally regenerated pines under normal shelter was (346%) of the ones regenerated under the dense shelter. In Varnamo and Potrzebowice the plots planted in the lowest spacing (10.000/ha and 13.000/ha respectively) had the highest mean height, total volume per ha and MAI. The trees originated from improved planting material characterized high external quality and good growth. On average the growth of height and volume was 5% and 4% greater compared to the not improved plots planted on the clear cut. Naturally regenerated pine stands will have superior overall quality compared to the planted stands on the clear cut. On average the mean branch diameter was (20%) lower in the naturally regenerated plots compared to the planted ones. In general, fewer severely crooked stems were recorded in the natural regeneration. Longer shelter period improved the quality of planted pines. The stem straightness was considerably poorer and diameter of branches higher in the wide planting (1600/ha) compared to the closer planting (10.000 and 13.000/ ha). According to the linear correlation between the diameter of the thickest branch and the diameter at breast height the naturally regenerated stands will give higher selection possibilities than the planted stands.
Lateral buckling of deep subsea pipelines

Deep subsea pipelines are often laid on the seabed surface and may experience partial vertical embedment due to self-weight. Pipelines being operated in such scenarios are prone to lateral deformations under the load effects from external hydrostatic pressure, seabed ambient temperature, internal pressure, operating temperature and external reactions (e.g. seabed, structural support). These parameters along with other factors including pipe/soil interaction, installation stress and seabed topology influence the effective axial force that governs the pipeline global buckling response. The radius of curvature and amplitude of geometric imperfections (e.g. initial out of straightness) also affect the mode shape of the buckled profile. This study focuses on the assessment of controlled lateral buckling phenomena through development of calibrated numerical tools and conducting parametric studies. The research outcomes will aid pipeline engineers to develop a better understanding on lateral buckling mechanism of deep subsea pipelines under the influence of various operational and geometric parameters and varying soil properties along the pipeline route
Antioxidant

: Selenium is one of the essential trace elements for animals, dietary selenium can 302 effectively improve reproductive performance of sows. Studies have shown that selenium improve 303 antioxidant capacity of sow through selenoprotein and synergy with vitamin E, and regulate 304 reproductive performance of sow through metabolic regulation of deiodinase and pancreatic
INTERACTION BETWEEN SOIL AND GEOGRIDS. POLYMER GRID REINFORCEMENT: PROCEEDINGS OF A CONFERENCE SPONSORED BY THE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING RESEARCH COUNCIL AND NETLON LTD AND HELD IN LONDON 22-23 MARCH 1984

Three mechanisms of interaction between soil and grid reinforcement have been identified to provide a framework for understanding and interpreting laboratory and field measurements. Their importance in governing the resistance to direct sliding of soil over grid reinforcement and the bond strength for different types of grid reinforcement has been examined. A qualitative model is proposed to classify the influence of soil particle size on soil grid interaction. Theoretical expressions have been developed to describe direct sliding resistance, bearing stresses, and bond strength of reinforcement in terms of well accepted soil and reinforcement parameters. The results have been compared with available laboratory and field data. Guidance is given on measuring values of grid sliding resistance and bond strength in the laboratory, and on the selection of parameters for design. For the covering abstract of the symposium see IRRD 284425. (Author/TRRL)
Toxicity Testing by the Microbial Assay for Risk Assessment (MARA) in Relation to Trace Elements Content in King Bolete (Boletus edulis) Collected in Several Sites of Poland

Boletus edulis (King bolete) is one of the most consumed wild mushrooms on a global scale, but this is particularly the case in Poland. Several studies have reported that mushrooms accumulate many potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as Hg, Pb, and Cd, which may lead to adverse effects. Therefore, in this preliminary study, an assessment of the potential of a microbial assay for risk assessment (MARA) for ecotoxicological testing of both dried samples of fruiting bodies of King bolete collected from several sites of Poland and water extracts of mushrooms being tested were analyzed. An evaluation of MARA response in Boletus edulis extracts was performed to identify their toxicity and then, using the same samples, instrumental determination of 10 elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) was performed. In general, the MARA responses indicated that the samples were only slightly toxic or nontoxic. Similarly, most of the PTEs were not detected in all dried samples of the fruiting bodies of King bolete. However, the analysis of digested samples (total content) proved that the elements’ content in water extracts was markedly lower than in dried fruit bodies. It implies that the MARA test corresponded better to the elements that are well extracted in water. Therefore, the MARA system can be applied for toxic identification if the targeted toxin is highly extracted in water. Further and more detailed research is still needed to develop reliable approach in order to evaluate the ecotoxicity in food-related bio-based raw materials using the MARA assay.
Pediatric meningioma with rhabdoid features developed at the site of skull fracture: illustrative case

BACKGROUND Pediatric meningiomas are rare, and only a few cases attributed to trauma and characterized by development at the site of bone fracture have been reported. Both pediatric and traumatic meningiomas have aggressive characteristics. OBSERVATIONS An 11-year-old boy who sustained a head injury resulting from a left frontal skull fracture 8 years previously experienced a convulsive attack. Imaging revealed a meningioma in the left frontal convexity. Total removal of the tumor with a hyperostotic section was successfully achieved. Intraoperative investigation showed tumor invasion into the adjacent frontal cortex. Histologically, the surgical specimen revealed a transitional meningioma with brain invasion and a small cluster of rhabdoid cells. This led to a final pathological diagnosis of an atypical meningioma with rhabdoid features. The postoperative course was uneventful, and no recurrence of the tumor was found after 2 years without adjuvant therapy. LESSONS This is the first report of a pediatric meningioma with rhabdoid features occurring at the site of a skull fracture. Meningiomas that contain rhabdoid cells without malignant features are not considered to be as aggressive as rhabdoid meningiomas. However, the clinical course must be carefully observed for possible long-term tumor recurrence.
Modelling of the inertia welding of Inconel 718

In this study, the inertia welding process was studied by both an FEM model and three analytical models. The thermal analysis shows that there is a steep temperature gradient near the mating surface, which is the cause for the existence of a band of high hydrostatic stress near the weld line. The holding effect of this high static stress is the reason for the presence of the very soft material at the welding interface. The models were used to predict the displacement of the weld line (upset) with a lambda model to describe the constitutive relation of IN718 at high temperature. The results from the different models are in broad agreement. The shear stress induced by friction at the interface is found to enlarge the upset value; its effect must be taken into account if the upset is to be predicted accurately. The extrusion of the burr during the last second of the welding is a direct result of the quick stop of the rotating part due to the balance of the momentum, which is clearly explained by the analytical mechanical model put forward in this work.
On the evaluation of multipath-induced bias error in GPS early-late envelope discriminators

ABSTRACT Multipath signals in GPS receivers lead to undesirable tracking errors and inaccurate ranging information. In this paper, the bias error due to the multipath signals on the early-late discriminators is analytically derived. The derivations are compared against the existing estimates for two different scenarios with low and high front-end bandwidth. KEYWORDS : Multipath 1. INTRODUCTION Despite continuing improvements in GPS receivers and antennas, multipath signals have remained as a dominant cause of error. Multipath refers to the signals reflected from objects in the vicinity of a receiver antenna that causes degradation in the accuracy of Line-Of-Sight (LOS) signal that comes straight from the GPS satellites. The close-in-time (within one chip) multipath signals are more difficult to differentiate and cause more significant errors. These are reflected from objects only a short distance from the antenna and suffer less spreading loss. The combination of close-in multipath with LOS signals is almost indistinguishable from the LOS-only signal. There are various levels of techniques to combat multipath signals. Reducing the effect of the receiver’s physical site can be achieved by mounting a fixed antenna away from reflectors or using antenna structures that reduce the reception of multipath signals, e.g. choke ring antennas. There are also receiver-based algorithms (Irsigler and Eissfeller, 2003) (Rajenda and Kenneth, 1999) (Townsend and Fenton, 1994) (Van Nee, 1992) (Veitsel, 1998) (Weill, 2003) (Zhang and Law, 2005), that process the received signal to identify and reduce the multipath content regardless of the antenna selection. This area has been an active area of
Understanding the childbirth experiences of childhood sexual abuse survivors: a phenomenological study

This study describes the childbirth experiences of survivors of childhood sexual abuse using an interpretative phenomenological approach. Data collection involved in-depth, semi-structured interviews of four women who gave birth to a baby within the last five years. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, three superordinate themes emerged: control, anxiety, and detachment. This contributes to the current body of research by extending knowledge on what it means to experience childbirth for survivors of childhood sexual abuse, told by the woman herself. These findings are especially important in understanding what is required in providing safe, sensitive care for all childbearing women, and has important implications for practice, education, and further research.
Direct and Inverse Problems in Wave Propagation and Applications

This book is the third volume of three volume series recording the "Radon Special Semester 2011 on Multiscale Simulation & Analysis in Energy and the Environment" taking place in Linz, Austria, October 3-7, 2011. The volume surveys recent developments in the analysis of wave propagation problems. The topics covered include aspects of the forward problem and problems in inverse problems, as well as applications in the earth sciences. The book records the achievements of Workshop 3 "Wave Propagation and Scattering, Inverse Problems and Applications in Energy and the Environment". It brings together key numerical mathematicians whose interest is in the analysis and computation of wave propagation and scattering problems, and in inverse problems, together with practitioners from engineering and industry whose interest is in the applications of these core problems.
A Tissue Engineering product development pathway

Tissue engineering is a field of inquiry and research that uses engineering techniques and principles of biological sciences to develop functional substitutes for reconstruction of damaged organs. Commercial translation of tissue engineering products is currently in progress all over the world. Many companies are moving their interest towards this market segment that grows by 6% per year. Aim of this thesis is to probe the possibility of developing tissue engineering products in the most cost-effective way, minimizing the industrial risk and developing a specific fund raising model. Tissue engineering is based on three main features: cells, scaffolds and bioreactors. Cells are seeded on a scaffold and cultured in a bioreactor in order to obtain a tissue engineering product. Nevertheless, developing cell carrying products is hampered by certification claims ("advanced therapies" certification rules) that unbearably increase R&D and certification costs and can be faced by either big companies or start-ups of big companies and spin-offs of complex aggregates of research centers involved in advanced cell research. On the other hand, scaffolds (certification class IIb) and bioreactors for tissue engineering (certification class I) can be developed with a lower economic effort, being the competition based on innovation, since their market is in the "growth phase" for scaffolds and in the "introduction phase" for bioreactors in the Levitt's product life cycle theory. Purpose of this thesis is to basically study scaffold and bioreactor features, then to preliminarily design some models of bioreactors and, eventually, to set a business model, based on private and public fund raising, aimed to the development of scaffolds for dental implantology and of bioreactors for cardiovascular and bone tissue engineering. Finally, a business plan of a company being spin-off of Politecnico di Torino and industrial start-up has been elaborated
The Impact of Shiftwork on Manufacturing and Transportation Workers

The focus of this chapter it to briefly review the fundamental human factors and ergonomic principles that may apply to an accident or illness alleged to have been cause by a poor work schedule practice. The chapter is not a review of litigation, law or regulation. Unfortunately, litigation often appears to center on the issue of employers’ vs. workers’ liability, rather than an assessment of the human factors work schedule practices associated with the event and how they might be improved. The legal literature is complex, diverse, and dated; litigation most often appears to end with an out-of-court settlement. There are major national international differences in how shiftwork is defined and regulated. In addition, nations appear to differ significantly in the manner and degree in which they manifest their medical and safety concerns with regard to work house. These legal differences may have evolved from medical concerns, or vice versa. It is proposed that the human factors variable, which may be relevant to an event or case, are equally complex and diverse. However, unlike regulations and laws, human factors variables will be reviewed because they appear to transcend regulatory diversity and many cultural differences.
Correlation of laboratory and installed drainage system solid transport measurements

The transport of solids in 'horizontal' above ground drainage pipes was the subject of an investigation, based upon the measurement of both sterile 'model' solid velocity and 'live' waste load velocity, aimed at the establishment of a sound basis for the development of a comprehensive empirical drainage design method linked directly to installed drainage system solid transport measurements. Initial laboratory investigations were directed towards the assessment of various 'model' solid materials, with regard to 'comparative potential use with respect to drainage research. Results suggested a 'calibration' approach to the development of a design method to be a viable proposition, while a 'direct simulation' approach was found to be impracticable. Two installed branch drainage systems were monitored which served male and female W. C. cubicles in the entrance waiting-area of a large London hospital. A considerable body of data was compiled with respect to both facility usage patterns and drainage system loading. Transport performance data, classified according to waste load type, was processed to yield comparisons to the general form of relationships previously reported in relation to 'model' solid transport. It was concluded that the proportional rate of occurrence of the different types of waste load must be a prime consideration in any design method, and the premise that solid deposition should be avoided was confirmed. Solid transport mechanisms, as associated with each of the different types of 'live' waste load material and sterile 'model'. were detailed, and the relevance to 'live' waste load performance, of previous 'model' solid transport equations (which suggest 'linear' deceleration over substantial pipe lengths), was demonstrated. The study was concluded with the presentation of specific design performance recommendations, based upon the installed drainage system transport measurements, which data may be employed, initially, as the basis for a 'calibration' approach to laboratory based drainage research, and subsequently, as the basis for a comprehensive empirical drainage design method.
Investigation of faulted tunnel models by combined photoelasticity and finite element analysis

Models of square and circular tunnels with short faults cutting through their surfaces are investigated by photoelasticity. These models, when duplicated by finite element analysis can predict the stress states of square or circular faulted tunnels adequately. Finite element analysis, using gap elements, may be used to investigate full size faulted tunnel system.
Shear Strength Prediction Methods for Grouted Masonry Shear Walls

Shear Strength Prediction Methods for Grouted Masonry Shear Walls Patrick B. Dillon Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, BYU Doctor of Philosophy The research in this dissertation is divided between three different approaches for predicting the shear strength of reinforcement masonry shear walls. Each approach provides increasing accuracy and precision in predicting the shear strength of masonry walls. The three approaches were developed or validated using data from 353 wall tests that have been conducted over the past half century. The data were collected, scrutinized, and synthesized using principles of meta-analysis. Predictions made with current Masonry Standards Joint Committee (MSJC) shear strength equation are unconservative and show a higher degree of variation for partially-grouted walls. The first approach modifies the existing MSJC equation to account for the differences in nominal strength and uncertainty between fullyand partially-grouted walls. The second approach develops a new shear strength equation developed to perform equally well for both fullyand partially-grouted walls to replace and improve upon the current MSJC equation. The third approach develops a methodology for creating strut-and-tie models to analyze or design masonry shear walls. It was discovered that strut-and-tie modeling theory provides the best description of masonry shear wall strength and performance. The masonry strength itself provides the greatest contribution to the overall shear capacity of the wall and can be represented as diagonal compression struts traveling from the top of the wall to the compression toe. The shear strength of masonry wall is inversely related to the shear span ratio of the wall. Axial load contributes to shear strength, but to a lesser degree than what has been previously believed. The prevailing theory about the contribution of horizontal shear reinforcement was shown to not be correct and the contribution is much smaller than was originally assumed by researchers. Horizontal shear reinforcement principally acts by resisting diagonal tensile forces in the masonry and by helping to redistribute stresses in a cracked masonry panel. Vertical reinforcement was shown to have an effect on shear strength by precluding overturning of the masonry panel and by providing vertical anchorages to the diagonal struts.
The relevant information technology knowledge and skills for accounting graduates in New Zealand

Rapid advances in information technology (IT) have produced rapid changes to the ways in which businesses are operated. Accountants are involved in wide-ranging roles in business and it is important for them to possess IT knowledge and skills relevant to their roles to provide competent and professional services. However, the field of IT is wide and not all IT knowledge and skills are relevant to an accountant. This brings up the questions: What kind of IT knowledge and skills do accountants need? What are the entry-level IT skills and knowledge that accounting educators should provide? A literature review has revealed that there are issues in accounting education. A number of studies have concluded that accounting education does not provide graduates with the relevant IT knowledge and skills for them to be productive in the real world. There are ample studies on IT knowledge and skills requirements for accountants. However, some focus on generic IT skills while others centre on IT knowledge in the accounting domain. Guidelines on IT competencies for accountants have also been published by professional accounting bodies, but these guidelines are found to be either too ambitious or lack specificity and are not helpful for accounting educators. The objective of the research is to produce a holistic set of IT knowledge and skills relevant to New Zealand accounting graduates and to develop a model for the delivery of IT content in an accounting curriculum. The theoretical framework of this research is based on human capital theory and stakeholder theory. The research is composed of a pilot study and a main study. The pilot study employed six experts in the accounting field using the Delphi method to develop the questionnaire for the main study. The questionnaire was then sent to 23 accounting practitioners prior to interviewing each participant individually. The study identified 18 IT topics for accounting graduates categorised into varying degrees of importance. Of these 18 topics, spreadsheet, accounting systems/software, Internet tools and research ability stand out as the most important and most used IT tools for accounting practitioners. The findings from this study also led to the development of a model for delivery of IT content named by the researcher as the INDUCTION–DIFFUSION–ASSIMILATION Model.