Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Mining of Opinions Expressed About APIs in Stack Overflow

With the proliferation of online developer forums, developers share their opinions about the APIs they use. The plethora of such information can present challenges to the developers to get quick but informed insights about the APIs. To understand the potential benefits of such API reviews, we conducted a case study of opinions in Stack Overflow using a benchmark dataset of 4,522 sentences. We observed that opinions about diverse API aspects (e.g., usability) are prevalent and offer insights that can shape developers’ perception and decisions related to software development. Motivated by the finding, we built a suite of techniques to automatically mine and categorize opinions about APIs from forum posts. First, we detect opinionated sentences in the forum posts. Second, we associate the opinionated sentences to the API mentions. Third, we detect API aspects (e.g., performance, usability) in the reviews. We developed and deployed a tool called Opiner, supporting the above techniques. Opiner is available online as a search engine, where developers can search for APIs by their names to see all the aggregated opinions about the APIs that are automatically mined and summarized from developer forums.
Efficacy of essential oils against rice insect pest in Pusa, Bihar

A field experiment was conducted at Research farm, RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar in Kharif, 2018 and Kharif, 2019 to test the efficacy of various essential oils against rice insect pest. The pooled mean result indicated that among the essential oils the plot treated with neemazal recorded the lowest population of Nephotettix virescens and Dicladispa armigera with a mean population of 6.77 and 8.05 respectively and lowest incidence of leave damage of 8.90 per cent caused by Cnaphalocrocis medinalis was recorded in the plot treated with camphor oil.
Phylogeny of the genus Morus (Urticales: Moraceae) inferred from ITS and trnL-F sequences

Both nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast trn L-F sequences were acquired from 13 mulberry genotypes belonging to nine species and three varieties, and one paper mulberry. The later belongs to genus B. papyrifera , designed as outgroup, and were analyzed. Within the genus Morus , the sequence diversity of ITS was much higher than that of trn L-F. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on these data (separately or combined) show that the genus Morus is monophyletic group. Strict consensus tree obtained through the Neighbor-joining method can be divided into five major clades in the genus Morus , according to combined sequence data. M. bombycis, M. alba var. venose formed clades A and B, respectively. Clade C comprises of 5 species; M. rotundiloba, M. atropurpurea, M. mongolica, M. australi , and M. mongolica var. diabolica . Clade D comprises of 3 species; M. wittiorum, M. laevigata , and M. alba . Clade E comprises of 2 species; M. multicaulis , and M.alba var. macrophylla . The results from cluster analysis were basically in agreement with the existing morphologic classification. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 4 (6), pp. 563-569, 2005
Laboratory cultivation and experimental studies of salinity effects on larval development in the African River prawn Macrobrachium vollenhovenii (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

Larvae of the African River Prawn Macrobrachium vollenhovenii, indigenous to West Africa, were rcared at various salinities (0-32°/00). A salinity range of 16-24O/,, was found most suitable with highest survival and growth, and lowest number and duration of instars. Freshwater was lethal already to zoea 1-larvac. A mass culture experiment demonstrated the aquaculture potcntial of this Macrobrachium species. Larval rearing to postlarvae was possible applying the samc methods as for M. rosenbergii. Detailed descriptions of rearing techniques are provided.
Differences of Protein Fractions Among Fresh, Frozen and Powdered Donkey Milk

Recently donkey milk has been the focus of several studies because of its special nutritional properties and composition, which is very close to human milk. When a mother cannot breastfeed, or chooses not to breastfeed, the use of a milk substitute must provide the best option to meet the nutritional and health needs of the infant. Donkey milk has been widely used in the past to replace human milk, because chemical composition and protein content are close to that of human milk, and also because the allergenicity of donkey milk is low. The recent studies of the paediatric scientists have demonstrated that infant formulae, which are based on dairy cows milk, are less adapted than donkey milk. In fact, donkey's milk digestibility is higher than cows' milk and similar to human milk, because of the high whey proteins content and the few casein content. Since donkey milk supply is related to its seasonal availability during the year, in this study were evaluated the effects of a specific technological treatment (spray-dryer) and a particular storage temperature (-20°C) on the protein fractions of donkey milk. The results obtained in fresh, frozen and powdered donkey milk showed different values in total proteins, caseins, whey proteins and lysozyme content. The article presents some promising patents on protein fractions among fresh, frozen and powdered donkey milk.
Deliverable D6.10 Methods for biomass and yield products based on crop modelling

for dissemination) In this report, the modeling approach (SAFYE-CO2 model) for simulating the biomass, yield, evapotranspiration, CO2 fluxes and anual carbon & water budgets of cropland, based on remote sensing products (Land cover maps and LAI maps) will be described and detailed. The added value and novelties of Sensagri will also be presented. Last the strategy for validating the model’s output will be described as well as some results of validation for winter wheat sunflower ans maize.
A new species of Cordylus (Squamata: Cordylidae) from the Marungu Plateau of south-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo

Abstract Currently there are 20 recognised species of the widespread lizard genus Cordylus, which is distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa's non-forested habitats from Ethiopia to South Africa. Most recent taxonomic work has focused on forms in southern Africa, where several subspecific taxa have been elevated to full species status. Herein, we focus on the widespread species Cordylus tropidosternum, which occurs from Mozambique (its type locality) to south-eastern Kenya and Tanzania, and west to Katanga Province of Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We sequenced 3 779 bp from two mitochondrial (12S, 16S) and four nuclear (MYH, Kif24, PrLR and MC1R) genes from multiple samples of C. tropidosternum and several sympatric species; these data were analysed with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference optimality criteria. One morphologically and genetically distinct clade of Cordylus from the Marungu Plateau of Katanga Province, DRC is described as a new species. The new species was found under rocks in montane grassland, but further study is needed to assess Cordylus populations in the lowlands of Katanga. We also provide the first detailed morphometric data for the poorly known species C. angolensis, which was described from a single specimen that has since been destroyed.
Two cystoceles that hide different pathophysiological histories: Report of two cases

BACKGROUND: The most commonly affected compartment in pelvic organ prolapse is cystocele. For a long time, vaginal birth was considered being the most important factor when it comes to its primary occurrence. However, recent studies showed that non-obstetric risk factors should also be considered. CASE PRESENTATION: In our study, we report the cases of two women having advanced cystocele but with different medical history. The first one was a 49-year-old white woman G7P5 all vaginally without any other medical history and with a BMI of 25.7. She was treated successfully using a laparoscopic approach to suspend the bladder to the sacral promontory. The second one was a 70-year-old widow G0P0 followed for type II diabetes under insulin therapy with a BMI of 31.6. She benefited from a colpocleisis. Both women were controlled 4 weeks later and annually and didn’t demonstrate any complication or recurrence. CONCLUSION: Despite the fact that both patients presented the same pathology, their pathophysiological records were significantly different. Through this work we hope to inform the general public about this pathology that can cause important functional disorders in women’s bodies and could in some cases be the cause of a social discomfort and tensions within the couple. Finally, it is essential to highlight that non-obstetric risk factors that can be modified or controlled can provide an effective primary prevention ground.
Connectivity of the global network of protected areas

Millennia of human activity have drastically shaped the Earth's surface confining wildlife in ever more rare and sparse habitat fragments. Within the strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020, Aichi Target 11 aims at the expansion of the current protected area (PA) system and the maintenance and improvement of its connectivity. This study aims at providing the first overview of the functionality of the PA networks across the six continents at different dispersal distances relevant for terrestrial mammals.
Influence of natural and controlled fermentations on α‐galactosides, antinutrients and protein digestibility of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Summary The influence of natural fermentation (NF) and controlled fermentation (CF) in diminishing the content of antinutrients, α-galactosides and increments in in vitro protein digestibility was investigated. The dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) flour was the substrate used in this research study. A decrease in raffinose oligosaccharide, antinutritional components and pH was observed in both types of fermentation. The natural lactic fermentation of ground beans produced significant increase (P < 0.05) in protein digestibility. For all varieties of beans, raffinose concentration reduced significantly to an undetectable level after 96 h of NF. CF did not have any significant effect on the reduction of the α-galactosides content of the flours during fermentation. NF is an inexpensive method by which consumers can obtain good-quality protein. Both types of fermentation diminish antinutrients and improve the nutritional value of the bean flour, and indicate the potential to use bean flour as an ingredient for fabricated foods.
Efecto del horno de microondas sobre el crecimiento y sobrevivencia de Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculada en tortas de carne de res

The use of microwave ovens in food industry is a growing trend. It is used for thawing, drying and cooking food, but the microorganism's inactivation that this treatment may exert or not is still a subject of worldwide discussion. At the same time. Escherichia coli O157:H7 now presents itself as an emerging pathogen, distributed worldwide and associated with food. Its resistance to adverse environments has been widely discussed. The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of different times of exposure and cooking intensities of microwave oven on the survival of this bacterium inoculated into minced meat samples. These were inoculated with a high (10(7)-10(9) CFU/mL) or low (10(7)-10(7) CFU/mL) population of E. coli O157:H7, frozen for 3 days at-4 degrees C and thawed in a Whirlpool microwave oven according to their weight. They were radiated at levels of 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% for periods of 30, 60, 90 and 120 seconds. In each sample the rate of survival of the bacteria was determined according to the methodology described by Vanderzant & Splittstoesser. The results obtained showed that the rate of destruction of the bacteria analyzed was significant (p < 0.005). The number of bacteria present in the meat samples diminished dramatically as the exposure time and temperature increased, even though, for the complete elimination of this microorganism, a prolonged exposure was necessary, even though it did cause undesirable organoleptic characteristics in the food samples.
mtDNA analysis reveals the ongoing speciation on Greek populations of Microtus (Terricola) thomasi (Arvicolidae, Rodentia)

The present article extends our previous work on the phylogenetic history of Microtus (Terricola) thomasi, analysing cytochrome b, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and the control region in 65 Greek populations. The analysis revealed three clades: one grouping the populations from Peloponnisos (Southern Greece); the second, the populations from Agios (Ag.) Stefanos and Evvoia island (Central East Greece); and the third, all the remaining populations with no geographical substructure. Genetic distances were low for most populations, with only the populations of Evvoia and Ag. Stefanos being substantially distant. Thus, although this species has a recent colonization history and probably descends from a highly polymorphic ancestor, a monophyletic and highly differentiated lineage is formed in Greece and is distributed in Ag. Stefanos and Evvoia. Molecular differentiation, distinct geographical distribution and restriction of gene flow between this lineage and the rest of the Greek populations provide evidence for its probable subspecific status, Microtus (Tericola) thomasi atticus. A possible mechanism leading the differentiation process of the proposed subspecies is suggested, based on the displacement of this species in central Greece by its congeneric, probably better-fitted Microtus (Microtus) guentheri and the subsequent separation of Ag. Stefanos and Evvoia from the remaining Greek populations. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 95, 117–130.
The importance of Aitken mode aerosol particles for cloud sustenance in the summertime high Arctic: A simulation study supported by observational data

Abstract. The potential importance of Aitken mode particles (diameters ~ 25–80 nm) for stratiform mixed-phase clouds in the summertime high Arctic has been investigated using two large-eddy simulation models. We find that in both models Aitken mode particles significantly affect the simulated cloud properties and can help sustain the cloud when accumulation mode concentrations are low (
The Conundrum about the United Nations Security Council: A Guardian of Peace or Cause for Concern?

This paper seeks to find out whether the United Nations Security Council (UN SC) has been perfoming its primary task of safeguarding international peace and security effectively since the Cold War has become a matter of history. It argues that, contrary to expectations, the SC has failed to confront all credible threats to regional or international peace in a consistent and convincing manner which has dramatically diminished the reliability of this powerful UN body. This paper argues that the problem lies in the problematical structure of, and decision-making in, the SC and in its instrumentalisation at the hands of a handful of states seeking hegemony, inter alia, through this body. The Darfur and East Timor cases, taken up by the SC after the Cold War through a series of resolutions under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, are taken as test cases indicating the extent of politicisation in this organ.
ACOUSTIC SIMULATION OF TIMBER FLOORS PERFORMANCE USING NUMERICAL MODELS

At present, no consolidated methods for the simulation of the acoustic performance of timber floors, such as cross laminated timber or glulam assemblies, are available. Simulations using combined Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) have been made, predicting the transmission loss with satisfactory accuracy. However, impact sound insulation could not be computed with the same degree of accuracy. The determination of the material’s input data of such inhomogeneous, layered and non-isotropic media still remains a significant issue. The Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) is a widely-applicable powerful tool to model wave propagation through laterally infinite media of different nature, including isotropic or orthotropic, elastic, viscoelastic, poroelastic solids and fluids. This study investigates the applicability of a homogenisation approach developed within the TMM framework, already used to evaluate the sound insulation of massive building walls, to compute the acoustic performance of cross laminated timber (CLT) floors. In order to validate the proposed model, a comparison was carried out between numerical and experimental results.
INFLUENCE OF TRACTOR SLIP ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL AND FUEL CONSUMPTION AT VARYING TILLAGE DEPTHS AND SPEED

The experiments were conducted in two locations, both soil were homogeneous loamy soil. The experiments were carried out at different moisture content (18.3 and 20.4%) for the first and second locations respectively during the Agricultural Season of 2018 at Diwaniyah Province. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of tractor types (2WD and 4WD) New Holland tractor at two levels of speeds( 4.2 and 6.5 km.h) and at two different tillage depths (15 and 20 cm) on some technical properties of machines unit and soil physical properties. Fuel consumption and slippage percentage are observed considerable rise with increase of forward speed and tillage depth in both of locations. The higher value rate of soil compaction indicators of the Bulk density and porosity at tractor tire track in the bottom of the tillage furrow was achieved while using (2WD) tractor type as compared to the (4WD) tractor type. The effect of moisture content was significant on increasing of soil compression as well as increasing fuel consumption. In addition Statistical significant effect of moisture content was found on slippage percentage which led to an increase in soil compaction and technical properties for machines unit.
Trap modification opens new gates to achieve sustainable coral reef fisheries

Innovative strategies are needed to escape the social-ecological poverty that so frequently emerges from persistent overfishing of coral reef resources. This study focuses on fishing gear selectivity and its potential to increase ecosystem health and fisheries productivity without compromising the catch of profitable species. An investigation into the effects of an escape gap (3 cm × 30 cm) modification to the traditional African basket trap on total catch biomass, catch composition and monetary value in two locations with different historical levels of fishing was undertaken. Gated traps caught less low-value fish (juveniles and narrow-bodied coral reef species) while increasing the catch of high- and medium-value fish (wider-bodied commercially valuable species). The total monetary value of the gated trap catches was maintained in a heavily fished environment, while it increased in the less fisheries-depleted area. For the most important local commercial species, the African white-spotted rabbitfish (Siganus sutor), the gated traps significantly increased the mean length (by 12%) and weight (by 32%) of capture and decreased the proportion of catch under length at first maturity (Lmat) from 56% (traditional traps) to 25% (gated traps). Escape gaps have shown the potential to affect the structure of the fishery and ecosystem by enhancing the number of mature individuals, increasing reef biodiversity and promoting functionally diverse reef fish communities without compromising fisher's revenues. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differences of spatial distribution and seasonal succession among Ulva species (Ulvophyceae) across salinity gradients

Ogawa T. , Ohki K. and Kamiya M. 2013. Differences of spatial distribution and seasonal succession among Ulva species (Ulvophyceae) across salinity gradients. Phycologia 52: 637–651. DOI: 10.2216/13-199.1 Ulva species are common along seashores as well as in brackish lakes and estuaries, and recent molecular phylogenetic examinations have revealed inter- and intraspecific genetic diversity and wide distributions across oceans. However, Ulva species are difficult to identify because of their simple morphologies and high plasticity, and thus ecological properties such as salinity preference and phenology have been reported for a limited number of species. This study examined the genetic diversity, spatial distribution, and seasonal succession of Ulva species collected from various salinity regimes in Mikata-goko and Minami River, Fukui, Japan, during a 2-year period. By analysing the internal transcribed spacer regions of 125 specimens from a marine site and 1169 specimens from seven brackish sites, we detected four marine species (Ulva compressa, U. linza, U. torta, and Ulva sp. 1) and six brackish species (two subspecies of U. flexuosa, U. limnetica, U. prolifera, U. simplex, Ulva sp. 2, and Ulva sp. 3). Two additional species (U. californica and Ulva sp. 4) were found in other brackish lakes. Roughly three distribution patterns (low- and high-salinity brackish, and wide-range) were recognized among the brackish species. Phenological patterns were diverse among Ulva species: some species appeared only for a few months, and others were found at all times of the year. More than one ribotype, including heterozygous ribotypes, were detected within each of the five species (U. linza, U. prolifera, U. simplex, U. torta, and Ulva sp. 1). In the most dominant species U. prolifera, ribotypes pro1, pro2, and pro1/2 were distributed from low- to high-salinity brackish sites; whereas, the other five ribotypes were restricted to the high-salinity brackish sites, suggesting ecotypic differentiation within U. prolifera.
Vacancy Chains

Replacement hiring—recruitment that seeks to replace positions vacated by workers who quit—is a prominent feature of empirical firm dynamics. We document this phenomenon by establishing a set of novel facts: 1) many establishments exhibit no net change in employment over time, despite nontrivial quit rates; 2) higher quit rates are associated with lower degrees of net inaction; and 3) rates of inaction over net changes decay slowly by frequency (quarterly, yearly, bi-yearly etc.) suggesting that high-frequency net changes are exactly reversed at lower frequencies. A model of replacement hiring that is calibrated to match these empirical facts reveals a novel positive feedback channel through which an initial rise in vacancy posting in an expansion induces still more vacancy posting to replace employees who are poached. This vacancy chain in turn induces volatile responses of vacancies, and thereby unemployment, to cyclical shocks. [Preliminary and incomplete] JEL codes: E32, J63, J64.
Attention Deficit Disorder in the Neuropediatric Outpatient Clinic. Our Current Experience with Children Over Seven and a Half Years Old

Introduction: Attention deficit disorder, with or without hyperactivity (ADD/ADHD) can appear either alone or associated with diverse cerebral conditions, which may be hereditary or acquired. We review our experience of ADD/ADHD in children over seven and a half years old. Methods: ADD/ADHD in children born before 1-1-2010, seen at the neuropediatric clinic between 31-12- 15 and 19-6-17, is examined globally, by reasons for consultation and by diagnosis. Results: 41% of the 2,541 children over 7½ years seen at the clinic had ADD/ADHD: 530 cases of ADD/ADHD alone and 513 associated with other conditions. In 15.6% of the cases of ADD/ADHD the reason for consultation was headaches and in 43%, psychomotor delay. ADD/ADHD accompanied 65% of the cases of Asperger’s syndrome, 40% of intellectual disability and 23% of the cases of autistic spectrum disorder, 87.5 % of the cases of fragile X syndrome, 48.4% of chromosomopathies, 22% of genopathies, 19% of the cases of cerebral palsy, 50% of Duchenne, 53% of epilepsies, 67% of tics/Tourette, 51% of neurofibromatosis 1, 29 % of tuberous sclerosis and 74% of eastern European adopted children have ADD/ADHD. Discussion: The importance of neurodevelopmental disorders and ADD/ADHD in neuropediatric practice is revealed.