Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Standardization of plant growth regulators for successful tissue culture of sweet potato

The experiment was carried out during the period from June 2016 to January, 2017 at the Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU) for in vitro regeneration of sweet potato. In this study, the nodal segment explants and different combinations of growth regulators were used for in vitro regeneration of sweet potato. BAP (6-benzylamino purine) and KIN (Kinetin) were used for in vitro shoot regeneration and IBA (Indole-6- Butyric Acid) with NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) were used for in vitro root regeneration. The highest percentage of shoot initiation (91.30), the minimum number of days (9.00) for shoot initiation, the highest number of shoot/plantlet (11.00) and the highest shoot length (4.38 cm) was observed when nodal segment explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP 1.5 mg/L + KIN 0.1 mg/L. On the other hand, the highest root initiation percentage (94.12), the minimum number of days (6.00) for root initiation, the highest number of root/plantlet (9.33) and the highest root length (11.13 cm) was observed in the MS medium supplemented with IBA 0.5 mg/L + NAA 0.1 mg/L. Regenerated plantlets were acclimatized for 5 days and adopted in soil by 6-7 days of transplantation.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(2): 178-181, August 2018
The Protection of Proprietary Information and Forced CEO Turnover

We examine the effect of protection of proprietary information on forced CEO turnover decisions. Relying on changes in the enforceability of the covenant-not-to-compete, we show that strengthening the protection of proprietary information increases the likelihood of forced CEO turnover and the sensitivity of forced CEO turnover to firm performance. Such effects are more pronounced when firms face more severe product market threats and operate in industries with greater threats of predatory hiring. Further analyses explore adoptions of UTSA/IDD and reveal consistent results, providing additional support to the argument that better protection on proprietary information enhances the CEO labor market efficiency.
Affordability of antipsychotic medications of respondents who are being managed for schizophrenia in Benin City

Introduction: The consequences of expensive antipsychotics medication can be two folds. One, patients can become more impoverished due to the spending of limited financial resources on the procurement of antipsychotics. Second, the high cost of antipsychotics maybe discouraging and therefore lead to poor adherence and therapeutic failure. The objective was to determine the levels of impoverishment, catastrophic expenditure and the number of days the least paid government worker will have to work due to out-of-pocket (OOP) payments of antipsychotics in a sample of patients receiving treatment for schizophrenia in Benin City. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey amongst respondents who are being managed for schizophrenia was conducted using a two-stage cluster sampling procedure. Outcome measures were poverty headcount ratio, poverty gap, catastrophic expenditure and the number of days the least paid government worker will have to work due to OOP payments for antipsychotics. Results: Schizophrenics receiving olanzapine, risperidone, haloperidol, trifluoperazine or chlorpromazine medication to manage their psychiatric condition are being further impoverished by 11.1%, 7.4%, 3.7%, 3.7% and 1.9%, respectively, at the risk of catastrophic expenses by 70%, 64%, 28%, 28% and 34%, respectively, while that of number of days the least paid government worker will have to work to get their drugs were 1.8 day, 1.35 day, 0.15 day, 0.15 day, 0.21 day, respectively. Conclusion: Antipsychotics such as olanzapine and risperidone are far less affordable than chlorpromazine, haloperidol and trifluoperazine.
1054-1060 Daodu OB.pmd

Evidence of influenza A virus (IAV) infection in dogs, a major companion animal of humans, suggests the possibility that they may constitute a new source for transmission of novel influenza viruses to humans. The potential public health risk posed by this possibility of interspecies spread of IAV between dogs and humans necessitated surveillance for the virus in dogs and their human contacts. Sera from 239 asymptomatic pet and hunting dogs in Oyo state, Nigeria were screened for anti-IAV nucleoprotein antibodies using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while haemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies in the positive sera were detected using influenza virus H3 and H5 subtypespecific antigens. Suspensions prepared from 239 and 39 nasal swabs from dogs and human contacts, respectively were tested for presence of the highly conserved IAV matrix gene by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Only 4 (1.7%) of the 239 sera tested were positive by the ELISA. The HI test confirmed the presence of H3 influenza virus subtype-specific antibodies in one (25.0%) of the 4 ELISA-positive sera with a titre of 1:128 while none was positive for H5 subtype-specific antibodies. All the nasal swabs assayed by RT-PCR were negative for IAV nucleic acid. The detection of IAV antibodies in pet and hunting dogs in this study, although at a low rate, suggests that these dogs could play a crucial role in the zoonotic transmission of influenza viruses especially considering the close interaction between them and their human contacts. Continuous surveillance for IAV among dog populations in Oyo State (and Nigeria) is therefore advocated to facilitate early detection of infection or emergence of novel influenza virus strains that could be potentially harmful to humans and or animals.
Concentration, temporal variation, and sources of black carbon in the Mt. Everest region retrieved by real-time observation and simulation

Abstract. Based on the high-resolution measurement of black carbon (BC) at the Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) Station (QOMS, 28.36∘ N, 86.95∘ E, 4276 m a.s.l.) from 15 May 2015 to 31 May 2017, we investigated the seasonal and diurnal variations in BC and its potential source regions. Both monthly and daily mean BC concentrations reached the highest values in the pre-monsoon season and the lowest values in the monsoon season. The highest monthly and daily mean BC concentrations were at least 1 order of magnitude higher than the lowest concentrations. For the diurnal variation, the BC concentrations remained significantly high from late at night to morning in the pre-monsoon season. Meanwhile, the westerly winds prevailed during this period, implying the potential for pollutants to be transported across the Himalayas from long-distance sources to QOMS along the valley. In the monsoon season, the BC concentrations remained low but peaked in the morning and at noon, which might be caused by local emissions from cooking. By analyzing the simulation results from the backward trajectories of air masses and the fire spot distribution from the MODIS data, we found that the seasonal cycle of BC was significantly influenced by the atmospheric circulation and combustion intensity in the Mt. Everest region. The transport mechanisms of BC were further revealed using a WRF-Chem simulation during severe pollution episodes. For the pollution event in the monsoon season, BC aerosols in southern Asia were uplifted and transported to the Mt. Everest region by the southerly winds in the upper atmosphere. However, for the events in the pre-monsoon season, BC from northern India was transported and concentrated on the southern slope of the Himalayas by the northwesterly winds in the lower atmosphere and then transported across the Himalayas by the mountain-valley wind. A relatively smaller amount of BC from northwestern India and central Asia was transported to the Mt. Everest region by the westerly winds in the upper atmosphere.
Early Childhood Research Quarterly mpact of HIPPY on home learning environments of Latino families

This study investigated effects of Home Instruction of Parents of Preschool Youngsters (HIPPY), a paraprofessional home visiting program, on parents and children. The program site served low-income, Spanish-speaking families. On average, mothers were 31 years old (SD = 4.78) and children were 3 or 4 years old (M = 3.92, SD = .92). Participants (n = 54) had more parenting self-efficacy and more enriched home environments than families on a waiting list (n = 54). In a regression on home environment, participation in the intervention was a stronger predictor than maternal education, depression, and stress. A eywords:
Effect of Biofertilizers, Organic Manures and Chemical Fertilizers on Microbial Population, Yield and Yield Attributes and Quality of Sweetcorn (Zea mays L., saccharata) cv. Madhuri

Sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) is one of the most popular vegetable in countries like USA and Canada. It is becoming increasingly popular in India and other Asian countries. It is widely used as a fresh or processed and frozen kernel as vegetable which indicates its popularity. Sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata), a diploid species with 2n = 20 chromosomes, is a member of the grass family (Grammineae), (Beadle, 1939). Sweet corn is of relatively recent origin. The major difference between sweet corn and field corn is its genetic makeup rather than systematic or taxonomic characterization. Fresh horticultural produce with less chemical residues will be a boon for the public health (Chaudhary et al., International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 09 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Hydrangenol suppresses VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis by targeting p27KIP1-dependent G1-cell cycle arrest, VEGFR-2-mediated signaling, and MMP-2 expression

ABSTRACT We previously reported that hydrangenol has potent antitumor activity against human bladder cancer EJ cells. Here, we investigated the antiangiogenic activity of hydrangenol using in vitro and ex vivo models. Treatment with hydrangenol significantly inhibited the proliferation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner (EC50 = 10 μM). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that hydrangenol suppressed the VEGF-induced inhibition of G1-cell cycle phase and also decreased cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, and CDK4 levels. Hydrangenol-mediated arrest in the G1-cell cycle phase was associated with p27KIP1 level, but not p21WAF1 or p53 level. Hydrangenol also significantly inhibited VEGFR-2-mediated signaling pathways including ERK1/2, AKT, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Interestingly, immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that the inhibition of VEGFR-2 activation was independent of VEGF binding, thereby suggesting an allosteric regulation of hydrangenol against VEGFR-2. Additionally, hydrangenol inhibited migration, invasion, and capillary-like tubular formation in VEGF-stimulated HUVECs. Zymography and immunoblot analyses revealed that these inhibitory activities were partially owing to the VEGF-induced inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity. Finally, VEGF-mediated microvessel sprouting was inhibited in the presence of hydrangenol in ex vivo aortic ring assay. Taken together, hydrangenol possesses a potent antiangiogenesis potential; thus we believe that hydrangenol may be developed as a therapeutic reagent to treat angiogenesis-mediated diseases.
Global Society as Singularity and Point of Transition to the New Phase of Social Evolution

In this article social evolution is considered as a process consisting of three phases: adaptive, structural and cognitive, which are separated by two phase transitions or by two singularities – the neolithic and the global. The mechanism of social evolution at these phases is different and is based on different institutional means of cognition and competition. At the current structural phase, competition of individuals leads to inequality, and competition of societies leads to extension of societies. Social inequality and exploitation of the periphery become institutional tools for the development. The expansion of societies and evolutionary limitations of its growth lead to life cycles of societies. The maximum size of society increases in the process of evolution and tends to cover all humankind. The Global Society is a final point of structural evolution, and transition to it is singularity. It will be a metamorphosis of the society's nature. The mechanism of further social evolution at the cognitive phase will rely directly on individual's need for cognition and self-realization, and not on the special social institutions. Mathematical model of the primary transformations dynamics at the structural phase is described by the equation T(n) = – 11214 + 1893 n, where T(n) is the moment of evolutionary transformation, and n is the ordinal number of transformation. Global singularity is predicted by this model in AD 3930.
Enzymatic synthesis of selected glycosides

The present investigation attempts to explore the potentiality of amyloglucosidase and beta-glucosidase in effecting glycosylation of a wide variety of glycosyl acceptors from straight chain alcohols to few selected substituted phenols like guaiacol, eugenol, curcumin and alpha-tocopherol. Many glycosides are used in broad range of applications as surfactants (Busch et al. 1994), as food colorants and flavoring agents (Sakata et al. 1998), sweeteners (Shibata et al. 1991), antioxidants, anti-inflammatory (Gomes et al. 2002), antitumor (Kaljuzhin and Shkalev 2000), antibiotics (Ikeda and Umezawa 1999), antifungal(Tapavicza et al. 2000), antimicrobial (Zhou 2000) and cardiac related drugs (Ooi et al.1985). Glycosylation renders lipophilic compounds more water soluble and thereby increase bioavailability of biologically active compounds besides imparting stability to the aglycon (Kren and Martinkova 2001). Thus enzymatic synthesis of alkyl glycosides used as surfactants in food, glycosides of guaiacol, eugenol, curcumin and alpha-tocopherol which exhibit antioxidant activity have been investigated. Of these glycosides of selected phenols can be also made water-soluble, and stable necessary to enhance the bioavailability of the compounds in food and pharmaceutical applications. Besides, curcumin glycosides can also be used as a water-soluble food colorant. Amyloglucosidase from Rhizopus sp. and beta-glucosidase from sweet almonds catalyzed synthesis of above mentioned alcohols and phenols were carried out in diisopropyl ether solvent in an experimental setup where larger concentration of substrates can be employed with lesser concentration of enzyme to get better conversion. The carbohydrate molecules employed for the glycoside preparations were D-glucose, Dgalactose, D-mannose, D-fructose, D-arabinose, D-ribose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, D-40 mannitol and D-sorbitol. The reactions were investigated in detail in terms of incubation period, pH and buffer concentration, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration,regio and stereo selectivity and kinetics. The glycosides prepared were isolated and characterized and few of them showed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition activities.
866-873 Abdelhaleem AA.pmd

This study was aimed to identify and characterize Leishmania amastigote, and axenic form antigens. Two in vitro techniques were used to change leishmania parasite isolates from promastigote form to amastigotes and amastigote like (axenic) forms. The main strategy relied upon in vitro infection of murine macrophages cell line J774 with leishmania promastigote, at 37°C with 5% CO2, while the second technique relied upon the culture of promastigote at 37°C with low pH (5.5), and 5-10% CO2. Proteins were extracted and fractionated utilizing 12% Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). Antigens were recognized using both immune dot blot and western blot procedures. PCR was performed for recognition of leishmania parasites in infected J774 macrophages. L. major was quicker in infectivity of macrophages cell line than L. donovani. Shared proteins ranging from 26-116 kDa were identified by SDS PAGE in all stages. Immune Dot-blot method showed positive outcomes, while western blot identified an exceptional antigen band of 16 kDa in amastigote, this unique band could be of value in diagnosis and vaccination of leishmaniasis. PCR results confirmed presence of both isolates demonstrating that coinfection is conceivable, and no indications of hereditary recombination at kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) were identified in macrophages simultaneously infected by L. major and L. donovani.
Determinant Factors of Smart Cities : Countries a MENAThe Case of Elsayed

This study seeks to explore determinant factors in smart cities using a sample of 13 countries from the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) during the period from 2012 to 2018. The study suggests five determinant factors in smart cities namely, infrastructure; macroeconomic environment; health and education; technological readiness and innovation. These factors are measured using data collected from the Global Competitiveness Report over seven years from 2012 to 2018. To examine significant effects and causal relations between the five factors in smart cities, the study has conducted the path analysis. Two models with different paths are employed. The first has three paths among them one is not significant at the common levels of significance. The second model has four paths which all are statistically significant. Findings of the study reveal that the infrastructure and economy based on smart technology positively affect other factors (the education & health and innovation). In addition, the results demonstrate a high effect of technology readiness and macroeconomic environment as determinant factors in smart cities on other factors namely, health and education and innovation. To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first study on smart cities conducted in MENA countries to employ path analysis as a unique technique.
Analysis of the Oxidative Stress Parameters in Testicular, Hepatic and Renal Tissues Homogenates of Albino Rats after Administration of Imatinib at Peripuberty

Background: Targeted small molecule drugs have revolutionized treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) over the last two decades. The safety zone of imatinib, and specifically its relevancy to organ toxicity, has been discussed in a controversial manner in current years. There is a little data on the contribution of oxidative stress in imatinib induced organ toxicities Objectives: This work aims to analyze the possible role of oxidative stress in the occurrence of testicular, hepatic and renal toxicities induced by imatinib (if present) by analyzing some parameters including glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in their homogenates. Study setting and design: This experimental study was conducted on male Albino rats (purchased from Animal Houses of both Mosul Medical College, and Veterinary College, University of Mosul, Mosul, Northern Iraq). Methods: This work included 4045 days aged rats (at peripuberty) (n=8) which administered a single daily dose of 200mg/kg of imatinib mesylate for 30 days (100mg capsule, Glivec ® , STI 571; Novartis) bought from Ibn-Sena Teaching Hospital, Mosul, Northern Iraq, or bought from some private pharmacies and were dissolved in distilled water (D.W) and given orally by gavage with 24 gage needle. Another group of 8 rats were administered with D.W represents an age matched control. Testes, livers, parts and kidneys were collected from all rats. Tissue GSH, MDA concentrations in the homogenates of the three organs were determined by spectrophotometer according to the methods described. Results: All rats survived the experimental period. This study revealed a decrease in value of GSH in the testicular and hepatic tissues of the treated rats, however, the concentrations of this antioxidant in renal tissue were higher than that of control ones. Briefly, imatinib induced an elevation of MDA productions in both testicular and hepatic tissues when compared to the control group. MDA concentrations in renal homogenates in the treated group were lower than that of control ones. Conclusion: Imatinib induced a decrease in the level of GSH and increased in level of MDA in testicular, hepatic homogenates indicating its oxidative effect.
On the role of aerosols, humidity, and vertical wind shear in the transition of shallow-to-deep convection at the Green Ocean Amazon 2014/5 site

Abstract. The preconditioning of the atmosphere for a shallow-to-deep convective transition during the dry-to-wet season transition period (August–November) is investigated using Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) GoAmazon2014/5 campaign data from March 2014 to November 2015 in Manacapuru, Brazil. In comparison to conditions observed prior to shallow convection, anomalously high humidity in the free troposphere and boundary layer is observed prior to a shallow-to-deep convection transition. An entraining plume model, which captures this leading dependence on lower tropospheric moisture, is employed to study indirect thermodynamic effects associated with vertical wind shear (VWS) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration on preconvective conditions. The shallow-to-deep convective transition primarily depends on humidity, especially that from the free troposphere, which tends to increase plume buoyancy. Conditions preceding deep convection are associated with high relative humidity, and low-to-moderate CCN concentration (less than the 67th percentile, 1274 cm−3). VWS, however, shows little relation to moisture and plume buoyancy. Buoyancy estimates suggest that the latent heat release due to freezing is important to deep convective growth under all conditions analyzed, consistent with potential pathways for aerosol effects, even in the presence of a strong entrainment. Shallow-only convective growth, however, shows an association with a strong (weak) low (deep) level VWS and with higher CCN concentration.
The Effectiveness of Problem Based Learning Models (PBM) to Improve Students’ Ability to Think Smoothly on Redox Reaction Material

Figuring out the effectiveness of Problem Based Learning model to increase the smooth thinking of Redox reaction material is the goal of this research. State senior high school of 1 Tulangbawang, especially XI IPA students (Science major at twelve grade), becomes the population in this research on the second semester of 2017/2018. The sample class is divided into two groups namely; experimental class in XI IPA 3 and control class for XI IPA 4 by applying cluster random sampling as the technique to take the sample. It is a quasi-experiment research by involving the design of pretest-posttest control group. N-Gain scores’ average on current students’ thinking skill is used to show and measure the effect of problem based learning model. The outcomes of this research on the experimental class shows that the n-Gain average value on students’ thinking skill is at high criterion by 0.88. Regarding to the results in this research, it can be inferred that the problem based learning model can increase students’ thinking skill on material of Redox reaction.