Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TAYLOR SERIES FOR THE ASKEY-WILSON OPERATOR AND CLASSICAL SUMMATION FORMULAS

An analog of Taylor's formula, which arises by substituting the classical derivative by a divided difference operator of Askey-Wilson type, is developed here. As an application, a generalization of the binomial theorem is obtained. Besides, this method becomes quite useful to obtain summation formulas of basic hypergeometric series. New proofs of several well-known summation formulas and a divergence example are included. 1. Some definitions In this section, we provide the reader with some definitions which will be used all throughout the paper. The notions we are giving were already introduced in (2) with the aim to study some aspects of the theory of hypergeometric polynomials. The reader is referred to that paper for a more detailed exposition. Definition 1.1. Let P be the set of quadratic symmetric polynomials P(x,y), normalized so that P(x,y) = x 2 + y 2 − 2axy − 2b(x + y) + c with a,b,c complex numbers. A sequence of complex numbers (xt), with the index t running over the set 1 Z = {k/2 : k ∈ Z}, will be called a P-sequence if
On the controllability of the Navier ‐ Stokes equation in spite of boundary layers

In this note we expose a particular case of a recent result obtained in [6] by the authors regarding the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations in a smooth bounded and simply connected bounded domain, \mathrm{T} either in 2\mathrm{D} or in 3\mathrm{D} , with a Navier slip‐with‐friction boundary condition except on a part of the boundary. This under‐determination encodes that one has control over the remaining part of the boundary. We prove that for any initial data, for any positive time, there exists a weak Leray solution which vanishes at this given time. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 93\mathrm{B}05 ; Secondary 35\mathrm{Q}30.
Mechanism of burial metamorphism of argillaceous sediment: 1. Mineralogical and chemical evidence

A detailed mineralogical and chemical investigation has been made of shale cuttings from a well (Case Western Reserve University Gulf Coast 6) in Oligocene-Miocene sediment of the Gulf Coast of the United States. The 10-µm fractions from the 1,250- to 5,500-m stratigraphic interval were analyzed by x-ray diffraction. Major mineralogic changes with depth take place over the interval 2,000 to 3,700 m, after which no significant changes are detectable. The most abundant mineral, illite/smectite, undergoes a conversion from less than 20 percent to about 80 percent illite layers over this interval, after which the proportion of illite layers remains constant. Over the same interval, calcite decreases from about 20 percent of the rock to almost zero, disappearing from progressively larger size fractions with increasing depth; potassium feldspar (but not albite) decreases to zero; and chlorite appears to increase in amount. Variations in the bulk chemical composition of the shale with depth show only minor changes, except for a marked decrease in CaO concomitant with the decrease in calcite. By contrast, the <0.1-µm fraction (virtually pure illite/smectite) shows a large increase in K2O and Al2O3 and a decrease in SiO2 The atomic proportions closely approximate the reaction smectite + Al+3 + K+ = illite + Si+4. The potassium and aluminum appear to be derived from the decomposition of potassium feldspar (and mica? ), and the excess silicon probably forms quartz. We interpret all the major mineralogical and chemical changes as the response of the shale to burial metamorphism and conclude that the shale acted as a closed system for all components except H2O, CaO, Na2O, and CO2. Compositional changes in the shale as a function of metamorphic grade closely parallel compositional changes in shale as a function of geologic age.
Gaseous emissions and oxygen consumption in hydroelectric dams: A case study in French Guyana

Methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide emissions from the hydroelectric dam of Petit Saut on the Sinnamary River in French Guyana have been measured over a 2 year period. Since the beginning of the reservoir filling (January 1994), 300 km2 of tropical forest have been submerged. Emissions of CH4 by diffusion and by bubbling into the atmosphere or by degassing of the water released into the river, as well as the stock of dissolved gases in the lake, and their temporal evolutions were determined. Maximum emissions of 800 t CH4 per day were reached in February 1995, corresponding to dissolved CH4 concentrations of 14 mg4L−1 in the water column. The biological oxidation of methane results in a strong oxygen consumption in lake and river waters. Total emissions of CH4 and CO2 from January 1994 to December 1995 were calculated from the whole data set, which also allows us to calculate the total carbon loss since reservoir filling. About 10% of the carbon stored in soil and vegetation was released in gaseous form within 2 years.
State of Innovation and Social Justice: Revisiting Poulantzas and Going Beyond

In the 21 century, the notion of the state and its role in innovation and development have become dominant topics of theoretical and empirical inquiry. Although contemporary innovation theorists clearly unpack the myth of market fundamentalism in industrial policy and practice of neo-liberal states, they don’t seem to explain precisely how come such states have been justified to play extensive roles in the economy. This paper provides a theoretical explanation by drawing lessons from Poulantzas’ approach to the state and going beyond it to consider alternatives. Accordingly, it conceives the innovation state as a result of the social division of labour and as a condensation of conflicting social relations which have their own materiality. The paper argues that whatever form the innovation state has taken in the western world since the industrial revolution, this has remained predominantly capitalist. Thus, it reproduces the social division of labour that is exploitative and unjust, delivering most benefits of innovation to dominant classes and excluding the very poor and the marginalised. The kind of innovation state that matters for social justice is a non-capitalist one, promoting pluralism of societies of equals
Are the world's oceans optically different?

[1] Regional differences in the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor chlorophyll algorithm uncertainty were observed in a large global data set containing coincident in situ measurements of chlorophyll a concentration (Chla) and spectral radiometry. The uncertainty was found to be systematic when the data were sorted by ocean: Atlantic, Pacific, Southern, and Indian Oceans. Artifacts associated with different instrumentation and analytical methods had been previously ruled out. Given these oceanic biases in the chlorophyll algorithm, we hypothesized that the oceans may be optically different, and their optical differences may be intrinsically related to regional differences in phytoplankton community structure or biogeochemical processes. The oceanic biases, originally observed using radiometric measurements, were independently verified using total absorption measurements in a subset of the data. Moreover, they were explained through oceanic differences in the absorption of colored detrital matter (CDM) and phytoplankton. Both effects were considered together in explaining the ocean biases through a stepwise linear regression analysis. Significant oceanic differences in the amount of CDM and in phytoplankton cell sizes and pigmentation would give rise to optical differences, but we raise a concern for the spatial coverage of the data. We do not suggest the application of ocean-based algorithms but rather emphasize the importance of consolidating regional data sets before reaching this conclusion.
Age, geochemistry, and tectonic implications of a late Paleozoic stitching pluton in the North Tian Shan suture zone, western China

The Central Asian orogenic belt is the largest tectonic assembly of continental and oceanic terranes on Earth due to closure of the paleo–Asian Ocean in the Phanerozoic. Among major suture zones in the North Xinjiang region of western China, the North Tian Shan suture zone, because of collision between the Yili terrane in the south and the Junggar terrane in the north, contains the youngest ophiolitic rocks and may represent the terminal stage of development of the Central Asian orogenic belt in western China, but the timing of the suture zone remains poorly constrained. A sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon U-Pb age of 316 ± 3 Ma (i.e., the beginning of the late Carboniferous) from the undeformed Sikeshu pluton, which crosscuts the suture zone, places a crucial upperage bound for the time of collision between the Yili and Junggar terranes. This event occurred later than, or nearly concurrent with, other accretion-collision events in the North Xinjiang region, implying that fi nal terrane amalgamation was completed in the late Carboniferous. The Sikeshu pluton shares geochemical characteristics of the widespread late Carboniferous to Permian postcollisional A-type and I-type granitoids with depleted-mantle–like Sr-Nd isotopic signatures in the North Xinjiang region. They all occurred during a protracted (ca. 320–270 Ma) episode of postcollisional magmatism that may have been induced by basaltic under plating due to either slab breakoff or delamination of thickened mantle lithosphere beneath the Central Asian orogenic belt. The same postcollisional magmatism also generated Cu-Ni-sulfi de– bearing, mafi c-ultramafi c magmatic complexes, adakites, and porphyry-type coppermolybdenum–bearing magmatic rocks in the North Xinjiang region.
UARS measurements of CIO and NO2 at 40 and 46 km and implications for the model “ozone deficit”

We present the first diurnally-resolved measurements of ClO and NO2 at 3.1 and 1.4 hPa, approximately 40 and 46 km. Comparisons between the measurements of ClO and a zero-dimensional box model utilizing standard photochemistry and constrained by Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) tracer measurements show that photochemical models overpredict ClO by a factor of two or more at 3.1 hPa and by a factor of 1.5–2.0 at 1.4 hPa. NO2 is well simulated by the model at 3.1 hPa, but systematically overestimated at 1.4 hPa. The model overestimate of ClO results in an overestimate of ozone loss in the upper stratosphere of 10–40%.
Stream Water and Groundwater Interaction Revealed by Temperature Monitoring in Agricultural Areas

Variations in stream water, streambed, adjacent stream sediment, and groundwater temperatures in the Haean basin, Korea were examined using time series analyses including auto-correlation, spectral density, and cross-correlation functions. The temperatures of the ambient air, stream water, streambed (depth = 10 cm), and adjacent stream sediment (depth = 10 cm) showed distinctive diurnal variations with long-term seasonal cooling trends, while groundwater temperature showed only a seasonal decreasing trend with little diurnal variations. Auto-correlations and spectral densities of the stream water, streambed, and sediment temperatures also revealed strong daily cyclical behaviors, with longer periodic cycles varying from weekly to monthly. Amplitudes and lag times of the streambed thermal signals were also affected by the hydraulic conductivities of the sediments. Lower hydraulic conductivity indicates a more attenuated and slower thermal response for the streambed. The calculated vertical water flow velocities of the streambed revealed that the investigated stream locations were under losing or gaining conditions, depending on the location and time.
Aragonite and magnesite in eclogites from the Jæren nappe, SW Norway: disequilibrium in the system CaCO3–MgCO3 and petrological implications

Eclogites from the Jæren nappe in the Caledonian orogenic belt of SW Norway contain aragonite, magnesite and dolomite in quartz‐rich layers. The carbonates comprise composite grains that occur interstitially between phases of the eclogite facies assemblage: garnet + omphacite + zoisite + clinozoisite + quartz + apatite + rutile ± dolomite ± kyanite ± phengite. Pressure and temperature conditions for the main eclogite stage are estimated to be 2.3–2.8 GPa and 585–655 °C. Published ultrahigh pressure (UHP) experiments on CaO‐, MgO‐ and CO2‐bearing systems have shown that equilibrium assemblages of aragonite and magnesite form as a result of dolomite breakdown at pressures >5 GPa. As a result, recognition of magnesite and aragonite in eclogite facies rocks has been used as an indicator for UHP conditions. However, petrological testing showed that the samples studied here have not experienced such conditions. Aragonite and magnesite show disequilibrium textures that indicate replacement of magnesite by aragonite. This process is inferred to have occurred via a coupled dissolution–precipitation reaction. The formation of aragonite is constrained to eclogite facies conditions, which implies that the studied rocks have experienced metasomatic, reactive fluid flow during their residence at high pressure (HP) conditions. During decompression, the bimineralic carbonate aggregates were overgrown by rims of dolomite, which partially reacted with aragonite to form Mg‐calcite. The well‐preserved carbonate assemblages and textures observed in the studied samples provide a detailed record of the reaction series that affected the rocks during and after their residence at P–T conditions near the coesite stability field. Recognition of the HP mechanism of magnesite replacement by aragonite provides new insight into metasomatic processes that occur in subduction zones and illustrates how fluids facilitate HP carbonate reactions that do not occur in dry systems at otherwise identical physiochemical conditions. This study documents that caution is warranted in interpreting aragonite‐magnesite associations in eclogite facies rocks as evidence for UHP metamorphic conditions.
L-2-Hydroxyglutarate Promotes Oncogenesis of Renal Cell Carcinomas by Down-Regulating Differentiation

L-2-Hydroxyglutarate (L2HG) overproducing Renal Cell Carcinomas (RCCs) arise in the kidney due to the genetic loss of L-2HG Dehydrogenase (L2HGDH), the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of L2HG. The overproduced 2-Hydroxyglutarate (2HG) promotes tumorigenesis by inhibiting α-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent dioxygenases, including Ten-eleven-Translocation 5-methylcytosine (5mC) dioxygenase (TET) enzymes as well as histone demethylases. The resulting epigenetic changes alter the phenotype of renal proximal tubule (RPT) cells, the cells of origin of RCCs. This report describes the consequences of increased L2HG on the differentiation of RPT cells, one of the initial steps in promoting tumorigenesis. Presumably, similar alterations promote the expansion of renal cancer stem-cells and tumorigenesis.
Physicochemical Characterization of Nanobiocomposites

Nanobiocomposites (NBCs) have many applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, etc. The need for NBC physicochemical characterization is mandatory before investigating their usefulness in developing drug delivery systems. This chapter will explore the basic and the most recent techniques used in the physicochemical characterization of these biocomposites. Examples of physical properties include morphological properties using microscopy (size, porosity, etc.), particle size analysis and surface charge, powder X-ray diffraction, thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties, etc. Examples of chemical properties include molecular weight determination, solubility and purity assessment, degree of functionalization, and gelling properties, using spectroscopic techniques (UV, MS, NMR, etc.). For each property, the following points will be elucidated: sample preparation, factors affecting the accuracy of the test results, examples of data interpretation from the recently published literature, and test limitations, if any.
A temperate reef builder: an evaluation of the growth, morphology and composition of Sabellaria alveolata (L.) colonies on carbonate platforms in South Wales

Abstract Sabellaria alveolata (Linné) (Polychaeta: sabellariidae) is a sedentary polychaete that builds wave-resistant reefs from sand-sized particles. Reefs are formed in areas with a large, continuous supply of sand-sized sediment and turbulent water, such as the Bristol Channel, UK. Although several studies have documented the extent, growth, form and geological importance of Sabellariidae, their bioconstructive role has not been adequately assessed. S. alveolata occurs rarely in the UK and is classified as a distinct ecological unit by the Marine Nature Conservation Review, yet it has been little studied. Thus, there is a need for greater understanding of the species’ role in UK coastal ecology and geomorphology. An evaluation of reef development in terms of composition, growth and extent of S. alveolata constructions on carbonate shore platforms in South Wales is presented here. Results indicate that S. alveolata is a fast-growing species capable of juvenile settlement, tube formation and growth of 2.5–5.0 cm in as little as two months after installation of exposure blocks of artificial substrata. Particle size analysis of 24 randomly selected reefs and ten adjacent sand samples shows a significant difference in mean grain size, with worms consolidating particles of a coarser size distribution than the mean particle size of surrounding sand. Preliminary scanning electron microscope observations indicate preferential use of flat, platy and elongate particles in the worm tubes. This research forms part of a larger study concerned with quantifying the bioconstructive capability of S. alveolata.
Investigating the Value of Monitoring the Implemented Coastal Structures along El Agami Beach, Alexandria, Egypt: Case Study

Abstract The monitoring of existing coastal protection work and comparing the actual performance with the predicted one is one of the methods for developing coastal engineering processes. A comprehensible example, which clearly demonstrates the value of this monitoring process, could be found in the coastal protection works of El Agami resort area, Egypt. A group of seven detached breakwaters were constructed in front of the study area aiming to improve the beach condition with consideration for swimming capability. This is in addition to a temporary harbor to facilitate execution of the breakwaters. Deposition of seagrass and an undesirable temporary harbor are part of the coastal area problems. The implicit sediment transport two-dimension (ImSedTran-2D) numerical model, prototype data during the period from October 2002 to October 2003, and the empirical design relationships were used to study the environmental impact assessment of the breakwaters. Accordingly, a decision was made to eliminate the temporary harbor. The study area was observed to be quite stable, even with the detached breakwaters. This could be attributed to the orientation of the shoreline and its offshore submerged ridge, which extends parallel to the shoreline. Removing the harbor improves the ecosystem of the zone just behind the western breakwater by clearing out and stopping the deposition of the seagrass in this area with its negative effect on beach condition. The study area can be considered an ideal case because the empirical relationships, the prototype data, and the numerical model give more or less the same results.
User-centered design approach in mod- ernization of digital tools for photogram- metry-based measurement quality control

This thesis studies how user-centered design methods can be applied in modernization of digital tools for photogrammetry-based measurement quality control. The thesis is done in collaboration with Mapvision oy ltd, that specializes in creating photogrammetric measurement solutions for industrial use. Mapvision uses three in-house software tools to create measurement solutions for their customers and this thesis tests how and what user-centered design methods could be used in modernizing these tools. The research question of this thesis is: “How to apply UCD data collection methods in a design phase of a project that modernizes digital tools, and how this knowledge can be applied in case of Mapvision oy”. This thesis includes a literature review of both the basic theory of user-centered design and photogrammetric measurement. The empirical research tests user scenarios, contextual interviews, and ethnographic observations as data collection methods in the context of Mapvision oy. The result of this thesis includes review of each methods strengths and weaknesses and how they function in context of Mapvision oy, and also a list of technical update recommendations about modernizing current software tools. This thesis also identifies potential areas for future research in context of Mapvision oy that should be considered carefully in the future development projects and recommendations how the tested data collection methods could be used effectively in future projects.
On the reciprocal effects between multiple group identifications and mental health: A longitudinal study of Scottish adolescents

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the link between social group identification and mental health outcomes in a sample of secondary school pupils. Based on previous work, it was predicted that multiple high group identifications would protect against psychological ill health. Furthermore, it was predicted that better mental health would also predict greater number of group identifications, thus creating a 'virtuous circle'. DESIGN A longitudinal questionnaire design was used. METHODS A total of 409 Scottish secondary school pupils aged 13-17 completed a questionnaire twice over a year. Pupils' responses regarding their mental health and the extent of their identification with three groups (the family, school, and friends) were measured. RESULTS A path analysis of the data showed that greater number of high group identifications predicted better mental health outcomes amongst participants. However, better mental health also predicted greater number of high group identifications, suggesting that there is a cyclical relationship between both variables. CONCLUSIONS The findings have both theoretical and practical implications. They highlight the importance of conceptualizing the link between group identification and mental health as cyclical, rather than unidirectional. This reconceptualization has implications for mental health promotion strategies, as it highlights the importance of attempting to turn a potentially 'vicious cycle' of social disidentification and mental ill health into a 'virtuous cycle' of social identification and mental health. PRACTITIONER POINTS Results showed that in a population of 409 high school pupils, the more high group identifications pupils had, the better their mental health outcomes. Better mental health also predicted a greater number of high group identifications over time. The findings suggest that we would benefit from conceptualizing the relationship between group identification and mental outcomes as being cyclical rather than unidirectional. Viewing the relationship between group identification and mental health in this way enables us to consider interventions which help turn a 'vicious cycle' into a 'virtuous cycle'. Limitations A potential limitation of the work relates to the use of self-report questionnaires which may elicit socially desirable responses. The sample only consists of high school pupils from mainstream public schools within Scotland.