Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Promotions, Demotions, Halo Effects, and the Earnings Dynamics of American Executives

This paper explores the determinants of earnings growth in corporate hierarchies using static and dynamic panel data techniques. The novelty derives from the distinction between base pay and bonus, the asymmetric effects of promotion and demotion, and the consideration of dynamic effects. We find that the convexity of pay structures is robust to the allowance for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Demotion has a stronger effect on compensation growth in absolute value than promotion. Dynamic models indicate that the causal effect of past promotion is positive on the growth in base and total pay but has no significant effect on bonus growth.
Vibration-Based Damage Identification and Condition Monitoring of Metro Trains: Warsaw Metro Case Study

The work concerns the monitoring of the technical condition of metro trains. For this purpose, a vibration monitoring system installed in buildings in the vicinity of the underground is used. Based on measured vibrations buildings, the identification of technical condition in metro trains is conducted. The results of measurements from the system are also used to assess the impact of vibrations on people staying in buildings through the WODL ratio. Exceeding the assumed levels of the WODL ratio is the basis for repairing trains by turning wheels. Statistical analysis of the data was implemented and trends for particular time periods of measurements were shown. With the entered monitoring system and the introduced WODL index thresholds, it is possible to better plan the costs associated with the repair and replacement of wheels of rolling stock, where there are large values of radial runout. According to the introduced monitoring procedure, the number of complaints from residents decreased and the comfort of their lives improved.
Therapeutic interventions to reduce the risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus

: Clinical trials have demonstrated that it is possible to prevent diabetes through lifestyle modification, pharmacological intervention, and surgery. This review aims to summarize the effectiveness of these various therapeutic interventions in reducing the risk of progression of prediabetes to diabetes, and address the challenges to implement a diabetes prevention program at a community level. Strategies focusing on intensive lifestyle changes are not only efficient but cost-effective and/or cost-saving. Indeed, lifestyle intervention in people at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been successful in achieving sustained behavioral changes and a reduction in diabetes incidence even after the counseling is stopped. Although prediabetes is associated with health and economic burdens, it has not been adequately addressed by interventions or regulatory agencies in terms of prevention or disease management. Lifestyle intervention strategies to prevent T2DM should be distinct for different populations around the globe and should emphasize sex, age, ethnicity, and cultural and geographical considerations to be feasible and to promote better compliance. The translation of diabetes prevention research at a population level, especially finding the most effective methods of preventing T2DM in various societies and cultural settings remains challenging, but must be accomplished to stop this worldwide epidemic.
Climate change and the Madden‐Julian Oscillation: A vertically resolved weak temperature gradient analysis

WTG balance is used to examine how changes in the moist thermodynamic structure of the tropics affect the MJO in two simulations of the Superparameterized Community Earth System Model (SP‐CESM), one at preindustrial (PI) levels of CO2 and one where CO2 levels have been quadrupled (4×CO2). While MJO convective variability increases considerably in the 4×CO2 simulation, the dynamical response to this convective variability decreases. Increased MJO convective variability is shown to be a robust response to the steepening vertical moisture gradient, consistent with the findings of previous studies. The steepened vertical moisture gradient allows MJO convective heating to drive stronger variations in large‐scale vertical moisture advection, supporting destabilization of the MJO. The decreased dynamical response to MJO convective variability is shown to be a consequence of increased static stability, which allows weaker variations in large‐scale vertical velocity to produce sufficient adiabatic cooling to balance variations in MJO convective heating. This weakened dynamical response results in a considerable reduction of the MJO's ability to influence the extratropics, which is closely tied to the strength of its associated divergence. A composite lifecycle of the MJO was used to show that northern hemisphere extratropical 525 hPa geopotential height anomalies decreased by 27% in the 4×CO2 simulation, despite a 22% increase in tropical convective heating associated with the MJO. Results of this study suggest that while MJO convective variability may increase in a warming climate, the MJO's role in “bridging weather and climate” in the extratropics may not.
Improved Performance by the TIE-GCM with the Inclusion of Helium as a Major Species

When considering the neutral constituents in the upper thermosphere and exosphere, helium needs to be accounted for as a major species. As detailed by Emmert [2015], most first-principle models do not consider helium a major species when solving for diffusion and collisions within the atmosphere. First-principle, physics-based models hold a distinct advantage of seasonal variations and spatial resolution over empirical models which leads to a more realistic depiction of the atmosphere. The National Center for Atmospheric Research’s (NCAR) self-consistent, physics-based Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamic General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) has been updated to take into account this neutral constituent in its calculations. A prior study by Kim [2011] shows over a 50% root mean square improvement in the neutral density values of the TIE-GCM when compared to the CHAMP satellite neutral densities when helium is included. This study incorporated weighted partial pressures of helium from the Naval Research Laboratory’s Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter Extension 2000 (NRLMSISE-00), an empirical model. This current research studied the difference in the TIE-GCM with helium calculated directly as a major species in the composition equation and scale height equations by Sutton [2015]. The major goal was to characterize this change to the TIE-GCM as a function of altitude as helium becomes a dominant species. A distinct improvement was found in the updated model during lower solar activity conditions and altitudes above 750 km altitudes.
The Path from Ethical Organisational Culture to Employee Commitment : Mediating Roles of Value Congruence and Work

All material supplied via JYX is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. The Path from Ethical Organisational Culture to Employee Commitment : Mediating Roles of Value Congruence and Work Engagement Huhtala, Mari; Feldt, Taru
A randomized controlled study on the effectiveness of discharge training in patients following cardiac surgery

Aim: The aim of the current study was to determine the effectiveness of discharge training on self-efficacy and post-discharge problems after cardiac surgery. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery (n = 66) were randomly assigned to either control or discharge training groups. Patients received training from the first day they were hospitalized until the day they were discharged. The self-efficacy scores and post-discharge problems were assessed prior to the surgery, at 10 days and 30 days post-discharge. Results: Concerning self-efficacy scores, no statistically significant difference was noted between the two groups (group: F = 1.856; p = 0.178). A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of kinetophobia, fatigue, and edema in the legs at 10 days and 30 days of post-discharge (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These study findings have shown that both groups experience at least one post-discharge problem and these problems gradually decrease at 4 weeks of post-discharge. It is recommended to set up units in hospitals that can systematically give discharge training and home care services to patients and their families.
Migratory Insect Multifrequency Radar Cross Sections for Morphological Parameter Estimation

Insect migration provides major ecosystem services, and sometimes, migratory pests cause serious crop damage and yield loss. Species identification is critically important in studies of insect migration, for both entomologists and pest managers. Radar is an effective means of detecting insect migrants. Current entomological radars usually operate at X-band, and signal amplitude information is used to estimate body mass and wing-beat frequency, which can then be used to categorize migratory insects into broad taxon classes. To improve the identification performance, this paper presents a novel radar method of measuring insect mass and body length. The multifrequency radar cross sections (RCS) of insects at X-band and Ku-/K-band are fully investigated, and the comprehensive relationship between RCS and insect morphological parameters provides an improvement in the estimation of insect mass. More importantly, estimations of body length can also be realized with an accuracy of 84% based on experimental data acquired by a vector network analyzer in a microwave anechoic chamber. If multifrequency RCS measurements can be obtained by radar in the future, then highly accurate estimations of insect mass and body length will be possible, although it is currently still a challenge to build a radar capable of making the required measurements over such a wide frequency range.
Role of transforming growth factor 1 on hepatic regeneration and apoptosis in liver diseases

Aims-To investigate the effects of transforming growth factor P1 (TGF-,1) on re-generation and induction of apoptosis of liver cell and bile duct in various liver diseases. Methods-Formalin fixed paraffin wax sections of 18 liver tissue samples were obtained by needle biopsy, surgery, or necropsy; these included six liver cirrhosis, three obstructive jaundice; five fulminant hepatitis, one subacute hepatitis, and three normal liver. Expression of TGF-p1, apoptosis related Ley antigen, Fas antigen, a receptor for tumour necrosis factor, and biotin nick end labelling with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP (TUNEL) for locating DNA fragmentation, was investigated histo-chemically. Results-TGF-Pl was expressed in areas of atypical bile duct proliferation, where bile duct continuously proliferated from liver cells. In occlusive jaundice and fulminant hepatitis, TUNEL was positive in nuclei and cytoplasm of metaplastic cells which formed incomplete bile ducts, and these cells appeared to extend from TGF-P1 expressing liver cells. Fas antigen was found only on the cell membrane of pro-liferated
On Numerical Error Estimation for the Finite-Volume Method with an Application to Computational Fluid Dynamics

Adjoint methods have become quite popular for both functional error estimation and adaptation. A disadvantage of traditional adjoint methods is that one adjoint solution can only provide an error estimate and adaptation indicator for one functional of interest. Since most engineering applications rely upon multiple functionals to assess a given system, an adjoint solution must be obtained for each functional of interest, consequently increasing the overall computational cost. In this paper, new techniques are presented, which provide the same error estimates and adaptation indicators as a conventional adjoint method, but do so much more efficiently, especially when multiple functionals must be examined. For functional error estimation, the adjoint solve is replaced by the solution of an error transport equation for the local discretization error. Functional error estimates are then formed by taking an inner product of the discretization error with linearizations of the functional. This method is shown to produce the same functional error estimates as an adjoint solve. For functionalbased adaptation, the functional error estimate is written as a bilinear form and efficiently solved using a Krylov subspace method. With this approach, the adjoint solution is obtained in an approximate sense but is still accurate enough to form useful adaptation indicators. Results are presented for 1D inviscid and viscous flow problems.
Numerical study of bandwidth effect on stimulated Raman backscattering in nonlinear regime

Nonlinear behaviors of stimulated Raman scattering driven by finite bandwidth pumps are studied by one dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The broad spectral feature of plasma waves and backscattered light reveals the different coupling and growth mechanisms, which lead to the suppression effect before the deep nonlinear stage. It causes nonperiodic plasma wave packets and reduces packet and etching velocities. Based on the negative frequency shift and electron energy distribution, the long-time evolution of instability can be divided into two stages by the relaxation time. It is a critical time after which the alleviation effects of nonlinear frequency shift and hot electrons are replaced by enhancement. Thus, the broadband pump suppresses instability at early time. However, it aggravates in the deep nonlinear stage by lifting the saturation level due to the coupling of the incident pump with each frequency shifted plasma wave. Our simulation results show that the nonlinear effects are valid in a bandwidth range from 2.25% to 3.0%, and the physics are similar within a nearby parameter space.Nonlinear behaviors of stimulated Raman scattering driven by finite bandwidth pumps are studied by one dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The broad spectral feature of plasma waves and backscattered light reveals the different coupling and growth mechanisms, which lead to the suppression effect before the deep nonlinear stage. It causes nonperiodic plasma wave packets and reduces packet and etching velocities. Based on the negative frequency shift and electron energy distribution, the long-time evolution of instability can be divided into two stages by the relaxation time. It is a critical time after which the alleviation effects of nonlinear frequency shift and hot electrons are replaced by enhancement. Thus, the broadband pump suppresses instability at early time. However, it aggravates in the deep nonlinear stage by lifting the saturation level due to the coupling of the incident pump with each frequency shifted plasma wave. Our simulation results show that the nonlinear effects are valid in a b.
An aging phenomenon for a fragmentation-coagulation process

We point out that aging occurs for the following simple model of fragmentation-coagulation inspired by Pitman's coalescent random forests. For every $n\in \N$, we consider a uniform random tree with $n$ vertices, and at each step, depending on the outcome of an independent fair coin tossing, either we remove one edge chosen uniformly at random amongst the remaining edges, or we replace one edge chosen uniformly at random amongst the edges which have been removed previously. The process that records the sizes of the tree-components evolves by fragmentation and coagulation. It exhibits aging in the sense that when it is observed after $k$ steps in the regime $k\sim tn+s\sqrt n$ with $t>0$ fixed, it seems to reach a statistical equilibrium as $n\to\infty$; but different values of $t$ yield distinct pseudo-stationary distributions. The approach owes much to the construction by Aldous and Pitman of the standard additive coalescent via Poissonian cuts on the skeleton of a Continuum Random Tree.
Learning Phase-Based Descriptions for Action Recognition

Action recognition continues to receive significant attention from the research community, with new neural network architectures being developed continuously. Optical flow is by far the most popular input motion representation to these architectures, leaving a lot of undiscovered potential for other types of motion representations. Eulerian representations have recently showed huge improvements in areas like motion magnification and video frame interpolation. This work proposes using a phase-based approach to make the best out of Eulerian motion information. We do this by learning complex filters using complex convolutional layers. Phase descriptions are extracted from the feature maps of these complex layers, and are then passed to the remainder of the convolutional network. Our approach shows great potential, and its performance exceeds that of a single optical flow frame input. We provide detailed analysis on using phase-based methods for Eulerian representations, in addition to further analysis on using Eulerian phase, rather than Lagrangian optical flow, for action recognition.
Structure and Evolution of Mesoscale Convective Systems: Sensitivity to Cloud Microphysics in Convection‐Permitting Simulations Over the United States

Regional climate simulations over the continental United States were conducted for the 2011 warm season using the Weather Research and Forecasting model at convection‐permitting resolution (4 km) with two commonly used microphysics parameterizations (Thompson and Morrison). Sensitivities of the simulated mesoscale convective system (MCS) properties and feedbacks to large‐scale environments are systematically examined against high‐resolution geostationary satellite and 3‐D mosaic radar observations. MCS precipitation including precipitation amount, diurnal cycle, and distribution of hourly precipitation intensity are reasonably captured by the two simulations despite significant differences in their simulated MCS properties. In general, the Thompson simulation produces better agreement with observations for MCS upper level cloud shield and precipitation area, convective feature horizontal and vertical extents, and partitioning between convective and stratiform precipitation. More importantly, Thompson simulates more stratiform rainfall, which agrees better with observations and results in top‐heavier heating profiles from robust MCSs compared to Morrison. A stronger dynamical feedback to the large‐scale environment is therefore seen in Thompson, wherein an enhanced mesoscale vortex behind the MCS strengthens the synoptic‐scale trough and promotes advection of cool and dry air into the rear of the MCS region. The latter prolongs the MCS lifetimes in the Thompson relative to the Morrison simulations. Hence, different treatment of cloud microphysics not only alters MCS convective‐scale dynamics but also has significant impacts on their macrophysical properties such as lifetime and precipitation. As long‐lived MCSs produced 2–3 times the amount of rainfall compared to short‐lived ones, cloud microphysics parameterizations have profound impact in simulating extreme precipitation and the hydrologic cycle.
Exact tests for two-stage randomized designs in the presence of interference

Many important causal questions address interactions between units, also known as interference, such as interactions between individuals in households, students in schools, and firms in markets. Standard methods, however, often break down in this setting. In particular, randomization tests for statistical hypotheses on treatment effects are challenging because such hypotheses are typically not sharp in the presence of interference. One approach is to conduct randomization tests conditional on a subset of units and assignments, such that the null hypothesis is sharp. While promising, existing approaches require such conditioning to be based on an inflexible partition of the space of treatment assignments, which usually leads to loss of power. In this paper, we propose a general framework for conditional randomization tests that supports more flexible conditioning, allowing us to leverage more structure from the problem and increase power. Our framework subsumes standard results in conditional randomization testing and also formalizes recent randomization tests in the presence of interference. We detail our framework for two-stage randomized designs, and illustrate our approach with an analysis of a randomized evaluation of an intervention targeting student absenteeism in the School District of Philadelphia.
Effectiveness of nifedipine, labetalol, and hydralazine as emergency antihypertension in severe preeclampsia [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]

Background : Preeclampsia is a highly prevalent disease among pregnant women. In the event of hypertensive emergency, nifedipine, labetalol, and hydralazine are assigned as first-line therapies in preeclampsia. Further studies are needed to compare the effectiveness of these drugs to find the most cost-effective drug with minimal side effects. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of these drugs in lowering blood pressure during hypertensive emergencies in severe preeclampsia. Methods : 60 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia were recruited in this multiple centre double-blind randomized clinical trial from May 2021 to April 2022 in Indonesia. The patients were divided equally into three groups and treated with three doses of nifedipine, labetalol, and hydralazine, respectively within one hour with 20 minutes interval. The effectiveness was measured based on systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and mean arterial pressure (MAP). The observation was carried out until five hours post-third dose administration. Results : The blood pressure was reduced significantly after the administration of the first to the third dose of each antihypertensive