Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EIGENFUNCTIONAL REPRESENTATION OF DYADIC GREEN'S FUNCTIONS IN CYLINDRICALLY MULTILAYERED GYROELECTRIC CHIRAL MEDIA

This paper presents an eigenfunction expansion of the electric-type dyadic Green's functions for both a unbounded gyroelec- tric chiral medium and a cylindrically-multilayered gyroelectric chiral medium in terms of the cylindrical vector wave functions. The un- bounded and scattering Green dyadics are formulated based on the principle of scattering superposition for the electromagnetic waves, namely, the direct wave and scattered waves. First, the unbounded dyadic Green's functions are correctly derived and some mistakes oc- curring in the literature are pointed out. Secondly, the scattering dyadic Green's functions are formulated and their coefficients are ob- tained from the boundary conditions at each interface. These coeffi- cients are expressed in a compact form of recurrence matrices; coupling between TE and TM modes are considered and various wave modes are decomposed one from another. Finally, three cases, where the im- pressed current source are located in the first, the intermediate, and the last regions respectively, are taken into account in the mathemat- ical manipulation of the coefficient recurrence matrices for the dyadic Green's functions.
Broad Radio Recombination Lines from Hypercompact H II Regions

The H92α recombination line was observed toward six massive star formation regions (MSFRs), and the H76α line was observed toward one MSFR. All seven MSFRs were suspected of harboring hypercompact (HC) H II regions. The goal was to detect broad-line sources and to investigate their properties. The sources were selected according to their small sizes, high brightness temperatures, and rising continuum spectra (typical spectral index α ~ +1, Sν ∝ να) at centimeter wavelengths. Two of the HC H II candidates, G25.5+0.2 and NGC 7538 (IRS 1), were previously known to have extremely broad lines (line widths of 160 and 180 km s-1, respectively). Sixteen separate, compact, radio continuum components were detected, fourteen of which were detected in either the H92α or H76α line. Eight sources have line widths (FWHMs) greater than 40 km s-1; typical ultracompact (UC) H II region line widths are 25-30 km s-1. These broad lines may be produced by a combination of thermal, turbulent, and electron impact broadening, and large-scale motions (rotation, expansion, jets, shocks, inflow, disk, etc.). On the basis of one line and a relatively low spatial resolution, we are unable to determine the relative contributions from each mechanism. All the MSFRs in the current sample are composed of two or more continuum components. The large projected separations between the continuum components within a given MSFR indicate that they are unlikely to be gravitationally bound massive protostars. Possible origins of the observed intermediate-sloped power-law spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are discussed. It is suggested that hierarchal clumping in HC H II regions may produce the observed power-law SEDs.
Professional development in statistics, technology, and cognitively demanding tasks: classroom implementation and obstacles

Attending professional development programmes can support teachers in applying new strategies for teaching mathematics and statistics. This study investigated (a) the extent to which the participants in a professional development programme subsequently used the techniques they had learned when teaching mathematics and statistics and (b) the obstacles they encountered in enacting cognitively demanding instructional tasks in their classrooms. The programme created an intellectual learning community among the participants and helped them gain confidence as teachers of statistics, and the students of participating teachers became actively engaged in deep mathematical thinking. The participants indicated, however, that time, availability of resources and students’ prior achievement critically affected the implementation of cognitively demanding instructional activities.
Gap Winds in the Strait of Juan de Fuca

Abstract Gap winds can be defined as a flow of air in a sea level channel which accelerates under the influence of a pressure gradient parallel to the axis of the channel. In February 1980 two distinct cases of gap winds were observed in the Strait of Juan de Fuca between western Washington State and British Columbia during a study that measured spatial variation of low-level marine winds and other parameters from the NOAA P-3 research aircraft and a dense network of surface stations which included eight meteorological buoys. These two cases were a high-pressure region over central British Columbia and a low-pressure system propagating northward, seaward of the Washington coast. Both cases produced strong easterly winds of 13–15 m s−1 at the western end of the Strait of Juan de Fuea. The high-pressure region provided a drainage air mass from the interior of British Columbia which flowed through the Straits of Georgia and Juan de Fuca and eventually into the Pacific Ocean. This air mass remained nearly hom.
Focusing of cosmic radiation by power lines?

In 1992 Anthony Hopwood introduced a hypothesis that electric and magnetic fields close to high voltage power lines might focus electrically charged particles in cosmic radiation so that people living close by would be exposed to higher doses of ionising radiation than if the power line was not present. This hypothesis has been tested using thermoluminescent dosemeters as detectors, which are free from electric noise artifacts that might influence Geiger - Müller detectors. Detectors were placed on snow covered cultivated land at low altitudes as well as on an ice covered lake in a mountain area to reduce background radiation from the ground. In neither case could a focusing effect be demonstrated.
What Are Value-Added Models Estimating and What Does This Imply for Statistical Practice?

The question of how to estimate school and teacher contributions to student learning is fundamental to educational policy and practice, and the three thoughtful articles in this issue represent a major advance. The current level of public confusion about these issues is so severe and the consequences for schooling so great that it is a big relief to see this journal highlight the key issues. A common theme in these articles is that we should compare schools or teachers by comparing their "value added" to student learning rather than by comparing unadjusted mean levels of achievement or, as is currently common practice, the percent of students in a school or class who are classified as "proficient. " As Ballou, Sanders, and Wright (BSW) note, it makes no sense to hold schools accountable for mean achievement levels when students enter those schools with large mean differences in achievement. Moreover, given the remarkable mobility of students across schools, particularly in large urban districts, changes in mean achievement at the school level may bear little relation to instructional effectiveness. In contrast, the value-added philosophy is to hold schools and teachers accountable for the learning gains of students they serve. This seems simple enough, yet the technical questions raised in these articles are many: whether and how to adjust for covariates, whether teachers (or schools) should be treated as fixed or random, how to represent cumulative effects of teachers or schools, how to model covariation in student responses and teacher effects, whether and how to incorporate multiple cohorts, and how to formulate models that appropriately handle missing data. A prior question is: "What are we trying to estimate with these models? " School and teacher effects are causal effects, yet the treatments students experience and the potential outcomes under alternative treatments (Rubin, 1978; Rosenbaum & Rubin, 1983; Holland, 1986) are not clearly defined in these discussions. As a
Investigation of Phospholipid Differences in Valproic Acid-Induced Autistic Mouse Model Brain Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder for which the cause and treatment have yet not been determined. The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels change rapidly in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid of autistic children and PUFAs are closely related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This finding suggests that changes in lipid metabolism are associated with ASD and result in an altered distribution of phospholipids in cell membranes. To further understand ASD, it is necessary to analyze phospholipids in organs consisting of nerve cells, such as the brain. In this study, we investigated the phospholipid distribution in the brain tissue of valproic acid-induced autistic mice using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). Phospholipids including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine were identified in each brain region and exhibited differences between the ASD and control groups. These phospholipids contain docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid, which are important PUFAs for cell signaling and brain growth. We expect that the differences in phospholipids identified in the brain tissue of the ASD model with MALDI-MSI, in conjunction with conventional biological fluid analysis, will help to better understand changes in lipid metabolism in ASD.
Parameterization of Water and Ice Cloud Near-Infrared Single-Scattering Co-Albedo in Broadband Radiation Schemes

Abstract The parameterization of cloud shortwave absorption poses a difficult problem in broadband radiation schemes that treat the near-IR region as a single interval. This problem arises because the spectral variation of the single-scattering co-albedo 1 − ω of cloud droplets and ice crystals is enormous in the near-IR region, and because the cloud particle absorption is overlapped by sharply varying water vapor absorption. In this paper, several parameterization methods of cloud near-IR (0.68–4.00 μm) 1 − ω are intercompared using a large set of atmospheric columns generated by a GCM. The methods include 1) linear averaging of 1 − ω, weighting with the TOA solar flux; 2) “thick averaging” by Edwards and Slingo; 3) Fouquart’s formula, which presents water cloud near-IR 1 − ω as a function of optical thickness; and 4) the “correlated ω” technique by Espinoza and Harshvardhan. An extension of the correlated ω technique to ice clouds is suggested. In addition, a new “adaptive ω” broadband parameterization .
Characteristic Conditions of the Generation of C0 Semigroups in a Hilbert Space

Abstract In this paper new characteristic conditions, in terms of A and the first order resolvent of A and A *, which assure that A generates a C 0 semigroup in a Hilbert space are proposed and proved. The conditions can be used to investigate the well-posedness problem of non-dissipative systems. An example is also given to show how to use them.
Progressive prediction of hospitalisation and patient disposition in the emergency department

Hospitals face high occupation rates resulting in a longer boarding time and more complex bed management. This task could be facilitated by anticipating the unscheduled admissions. We study the capability of information from French electronic health records of an emergency department (ED) to predict patient disposition decisions. We compare the performances of five learning models in predicting the admission of a patient visiting an emergency department and in predicting the patient’s place of admission at two progressive time points throughout the ED care process: triage and initial assessment. Medical and administrative data were retrospectively collected on 53,608 visits to the Groupe Hospitalier Bretagne Sud, France, from July 2020 to June 2021. Our best model achieve a ROC-AUC equal to 88% and F1-score equal to 75% for admission prediction. Regarding medical unit admission prediction, the global ROC-AUC equals to 87% and F1-score ranges from 38% to 77% for the four admission classes, i.e., intensive care unit (6% of the dataset), medicine units (45%), surgery units (13.2%), and observation unit (35.8%). A validation with a posterior dataset indicates constant results.
The Population Comparison Index: An Intuitive Measure to Calibrate the Extent of Impairments in Patient Cohorts in Relation to Healthy and Diseased Populations

We assume that a specific health constraint, e.g., a certain aspect of bodily function or quality of life that is measured by a variable X, is absent (or irrelevant) in a healthy reference population (Ref0), and it is materially present and precisely measured in a diseased reference population (Ref1). We further assume that some amount of this constraint of interest is suspected to be present in a population under study (SP). In order to quantify this issue, we propose the introduction of an intuitive measure, the population comparison index (PCI), that relates the mean value of X in population SP to the mean values of X in populations Ref0 and Ref1. This measure is defined as PCI[X] = (mean[X|SP] − mean[X|Ref0])/(mean[X|Ref1] − mean[X|Ref0]) × 100[%], where mean[X|. ] is the average value of X in the respective group of individuals. For interpretation, PCI[X] ≈ 0 indicates that the values of X in the population SP are similar to those in population Ref0, and hence, the impairment measured by X is not materially present in the individuals in population SP. On the other hand, PCI[X] ≈ 100 means that the individuals in SP exhibit values of X comparable to those occurring in Ref1, i.e., the constraint of interest is equally present in populations SP and Ref1. A value of 0 < PCI[X] < 100 indicates that a certain percentage of the constraint is present in SP, and it is more than in Ref0 but less than in Ref1. A value of PCI[X] > 100 means that population SP is even more affected by the constraint than population Ref1.
Kinetic Analysis of Backward Giant Swing on Parallel Bars

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic characteristics of backward giant swing on parallel bars (PB) compared with those of backward giant swing on horizontal bar (HB). The subjects were six male skillful university gymnasts. Their performances of PB and HB were videotaped with a digital video camera to calculate the knee, shoulder, and hip joint angle, joint torque, joint power, and mechanical work from two-dimensional coordination of the body landmarks. The mechanical negative work done by hip extension torque leading to hang phase of PB were larger than those of HB. During upward phase from hang, the shoulder extension torque of PB was exerted longer period of time than HB, with the result that mechanical positive work done by shoulder extension torque of PB was larger than that of HB. For effective training of backward giant swing on parallel bars, the coach has to recognize their characteristic differences from those of horizontal bar.
Spatiotemporal variability of oxygen concentration in coral reefs of Gorgona Island (Eastern Tropical Pacific) and its effect on the coral Pocillopora capitata

Dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) is one of the main factors limiting benthic species distribution. Due to ocean warming and eutrophication, the ocean is deoxygenating. In the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), deep waters with low DO (<1 mg L−1) may reach coral reefs, because upwelling will likely intensify due to climate change. To understand oxygen variability and its effects on corals, we characterize the Spatio-temporal changes of DO in coral reefs of Gorgona Island and calculate the critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) to identify the DO concentration that could represent a hypoxic condition for Pocillopora capitata, one of the main reef-building species in the ETP. The mean (±SD) DO concentration in the coral reefs of Gorgona Island was 4.6 ± 0.89 mg L−1. Low DO conditions were due to upwelling, but hypoxia (<3.71 mg L−1, defined as a DO value 1 SD lower than the Mean) down to 3.0 mg O2 L−1 sporadically occurred at 10 m depth. The Pcrit of P. capitata was 3.7 mg L−1 and lies close to the hypoxic condition recorded on coral reefs during the upwelling season at 10 m depth. At Gorgona Island oxygen conditions lower than 2.3 mg L−1 occur at >20 m depth and coincide with the deepest bathymetric distribution of scattered colonies of Pocillopora. Because DO concentrations in coral reefs of Gorgona Island were comparably low to other coral reefs in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, and the hypoxic threshold of P. capitata was close to the minimum DO record on reefs, hypoxic events could represent a threat if conditions that promote eutrophication (and consequently hypoxia) increase.
An essentially non‐oscillatory semi‐Lagrangian method for tidal flow simulations

We develop an essentially non‐oscillatory semi‐Lagrangian method for solving two‐dimensional tidal flows. The governing equations are derived from the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with assumptions of shallow water flows including bed frictions, eddy viscosity, wind shear stresses and Coriolis forces. The method employs the modified method of characteristics to discretize the convective term in a finite element framework. Limiters are incorporated in the method to reconstruct an essentially non‐oscillatory algorithm at minor additional cost. The central idea consists in combining linear and quadratic interpolation procedures using nodes of the finite element where departure points are localized. The resulting semi‐discretized system is then solved by an explicit Runge–Kutta Chebyshev scheme with extended stages. This scheme adds in a natural way a stabilizing stage to the conventional Runge–Kutta method using the Chebyshev polynomials. The proposed method is verified for the recirculation tidal flow in a channel with forward‐facing step. We also apply the method for simulation of tidal flows in the Strait of Gibraltar. In both test problems, the proposed method demonstrates its ability to handle the interaction between water free‐surface and bed frictions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of health beliefs upon nature-based tourism during COVID-19: Cases from the United States and South Korea

Abstract This study examines the effects of health beliefs upon nature-based tourism (NBT) during COVID-19 by reporting the findings of a questionnaire that was administered to 278 Americans and 300 South Koreans. The perceived benefits changed the attitude and behavioral intentions toward NBT against COVID-19 in both countries. Intrapersonal barriers had a negative impact on participants’ attitude in both countries, whereas structural barriers acting on behavioral intentions were only observed in the United States. Moreover, attitude significantly impacted behavioral intentions in both countries. Structural invariance tests using chi-square differences partially confirmed the moderating effects of nationality on certain paths. This study provides theoretical insights through the extended health belief model and theory of planned behavior. In addition, it offers practical insights by suggesting effective marketing tools for NBT in different cultures.
Sinogram recovery with the method of convex projections for limited-data reconstruction in computed tomography

Image reconstruction from incomplete projection data is strongly required in widespread applications of computed tomography. This problem can be formulated as a sinogram–recovery problem. The sinogram–recovery problem is to find a complete sinogram that is compatible with the Helgason–Ludwig consistency condition, the measured incomplete sinogram, and other a priori knowledge about the sinogram in question. The direct use of the Helgason–Ludwig consistency condition considerably reduces computational requirements and the accumulation of digital-processing errors over the conventional iterative reconstruction–reprojection method. Most research for solving the sinogram–recovery problem is based on directly inverting systems of linear equations associated with the Helgason–Ludwig consistency condition. However, these noniterative techniques cannot be applied to various different types of limited-data situations in a unified way. Moreover, nonlinear a priori constraints such as the nonnegativity and the amplitude limit are not easily incorporated. We solve the sinogram–recovery problem by using an iterative signal-recovery technique known as the method of projection onto convex sets. Once an estimation of the complete sinogram is obtained, the conventional convolution–backprojection method can be utilized to reconstruct an image. The performance of the proposed method is investigated both with numerical phantoms and with actual x-ray data.
GBO Algorithm Application for Solving OPF Problem Considering Renewable Energy Uncertainty

this research deals with the optimal power flow (OPF) problem from the uncertainty perspective which arises due to the high penetration levels of renewable energy sources (RESs) in recent years. In this work, RESs are represented by wind and solar PV generators and their uncertain outputs are modeled by weibull and lognormal probability density functions (PDFs), respectively. From economic point of view, the uncertain output of wind and solar power is translated into the total power cost in form of reserve or penalty cost based on the situation of their output. The IEEE-30 bus and 57 bus power systems are adjusted to involve wind and solar PV generators. Gradient based optimization (GBO) algorithm is employed for solving the OPF problem in these circumstances. The obtained results have been compared with the results of other optimization algorithms presented in literature. GBO has achieved the minimum total power cost for both modified IEEE-30 and 57 bus power systems, 781.5504 $/h, and 20233.5012 $/h, respectively with low computation time and fast convergence of solution.
Recent Advances in Remote Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring for Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Chronic heart failure (HF) is associated with high hospital admission rates and has an enormous burden on hospital resources worldwide. Ideally, detection of worsening HF in an early phase would allow physicians to intervene timely and proactively in order to prevent HF-related hospitalizations, a concept better known as remote hemodynamic monitoring. After years of research, remote monitoring of pulmonary artery pressures (PAP) has emerged as the most successful technique for ambulatory hemodynamic monitoring in HF patients to date. Currently, the CardioMEMS and Cordella HF systems have been tested for pulmonary artery pressure monitoring and the body of evidence has been growing rapidly over the past years. However, several ongoing studies are aiming to fill the gap in evidence that is still very clinically relevant, especially for the European setting. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of all available evidence for PAP monitoring as well as a detailed discussion of currently ongoing studies and future perspectives for this promising technique that is likely to impact HF care worldwide.
Smooth Semi‐nonparametric Analysis for Mixture Cure Models and Its Application to Breast Cancer

Mixture cure models are widely used when a proportion of patients are cured. The proportional hazards mixture cure model and the accelerated failure time mixture cure model are the most popular models in practice. Usually the expectation–maximisation (EM) algorithm is applied to both models for parameter estimation. Bootstrap methods are used for variance estimation. In this paper we propose a smooth semi‐nonparametric (SNP) approach in which maximum likelihood is applied directly to mixture cure models for parameter estimation. The variance can be estimated by the inverse of the second derivative of the SNP likelihood. A comprehensive simulation study indicates good performance of the proposed method. We investigate stage effects in breast cancer by applying the proposed method to breast cancer data from the South Carolina Cancer Registry.