Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding transfer from a dynamic system approach: Two studies of children using problem-solving tasks

Abstract Transfer is not static but a dynamic process of learning. In this article, the concept of transfer and the implications of its study are reconsidered from the theoretical basis of the complex dynamic system approach. We describe “transfer” as an emergent process that implies not a copy of knowledge applied to a new situation, but a new configuration of knowledge to solve new situations. Therefore, we discussed the concept of transfer based on the following dynamic principles: soft-assembly, multi causality, variability, self-organization, and iteration. To reconsider the concept of transfer, we provide empirical evidence, illustrating these principles by discussing two studies of transfer carried out with preschoolers. The participants were 34 children of 4 years old (M = 4,6), and 8 children of 4 to 6 years old (M = 5,2). Using repeated measure designs (3 weeks and 6 months, respectively), participants worked on sets of problem-solving situations in the domain of physics (i.e. Archimedes’ principle and Air pressure). By using time-series graphs we identified the relevant elements of the tasks used by the children during the problem-solving process to analyze how this process changes over time. Results show transfer as a self-organized and context-related process in which the information is not static but in constant transformation.
Effect of Chloride on Electrical Resistivity in Carbonated and Non-Carbonated Concrete

The resistivity of a concrete structure exposed to chloride ions indicates the risk of early corrosion damage, because a low resistivity is related to rapid chloride penetration and to a high corrosion rate. Concrete resistivity is a geometry-independent material property that describes the electrical resistance, which is the ratio between the applied voltage and resulting current in a unit cell. The current is carried by ions dissolved in the pore liquid. While some data exist on the relationship between the moisture content and electrical resistivity of concrete, very little research has been conducted to evaluate the effect of chloride on the conduction of electricity through carbonated and non-carbonated concrete. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of chloride concentration on the surface electrical resistivity measurement of carbonated and non-carbonated concrete. Chloride concentration had influenced the resistivity of concrete and the relationship showed a linear function. However, for concrete under the combined deterioration of carbonation and chlorides, a reduction in porosity due to the carbonation had a greater effect on the electrical resistivity than the increase in conductivity due to the chloride ions. Conclusively, this paper suggested the quantitative solution to depict the electrical resistivity of concrete with various chloride concentrations.
Anisotropic Standard Decelerating Cosmological Model with Quadratic Equation of State

Spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-I cosmological model containing perfect fluid with quadratic equation of state has been diagnosed in general theory of relativity. To obtain a deterministic solution, we have used a relation between metric potentials. The exact solution of Einstein’s field equations thus obtained represents an expanding and decelerating universe. The physical and kinematical parameters of the model have also been analyzed with certain constrained between the parameters of the quadratic equation of state.
The Reciprocal Generalized Inverse Gaussian Frailty with Application in Life Annuity Business

Aims: As shown in literature, several authors have adopted various individual frailty mixing distributions as a way of dealing with possible heterogeneity due to unobserved covariates in a group of insurers. This research contribution is to generalize the frailty mixing distribution to nest other classes of frailty distributions not in literature and apply the proposed distributions in valuation of life annuity business. Methodology: A simulation study is done to assess the performance of the aforementioned models. The baseline parameters is estimated using Bayesian Inference and a better model is suggested for valuation of life annuity business. Results: As a result of generalizing the frailty some new classes of frailty distributions are constructed such as; the Reciprocal Inverse Gaussian Frailty, the Inverse Gamma Frailty, the Harmonic Frailty and the Positive Hyperbolic Frailty. From the simulation study, the proposed new frailty models shows that ignoring frailty leads to an underestimation of future residual lifetime since the survival curve shifts to the right when heterogeneity is accounted for. This is consistent with frailty literature. The Reciprocal Inverse Gaussian model closely represents the Association of Kenya Insurers graduated rates with a slight increase in survival due to longevity risk. Conclusion: The proposed new frailty models show an increase in the insurers expected liability when unobserved heterogeneity is accounted for. This is consistent with frailty literature and thus can be applied to avoid underestimating the insurer’s liability in the context of life annuity business. The RIG model as proposed in estimating future liability by directly adjusting the AKI mortality rates shows an increase in longevity risk. The extent of heterogeneity of the insured group determines the level of risk. The RIG frailties should be considered for multivariate cases where the insureds are clustered in groups.
High-brightness broad-area diode lasers with enhanced self-aligned lateral structure

Broad-area diode lasers with increased brightness and efficiency are presented, which are fabricated using an enhanced self-aligned lateral structure by means of a two-step epitaxial growth process with an intermediate etching step. In this structure, current-blocking layers in the device edges ensure current confinement under the central stripe, which can limit the detrimental effects of current spreading and lateral carrier accumulation on beam quality. It also minimizes losses at stripe edges, thus lowering the lasing threshold and increasing conversion efficiency, while maintaining high polarization purity. In the first realization of this structure, the current block is integrated within an extreme-triple-asymmetric epitaxial design with a thin p-doped side, meaning that the distance between the current block and the active zone can be minimized without added process complexity. Using this configuration, enhanced self-aligned structure devices with 90 µm stripe width and 4 mm resonator length show up to 20% lower threshold current, 21% narrower beam waist, and slightly higher (1.03×) peak efficiency in comparison to reference devices with the same dimensions, while slope, divergence angle and polarization purity remain almost unchanged. These results correspond to an increase in brightness by up to 25%, and measurement results of devices with varying stripe widths follow the same trend.
Effect of Alginate Concentrations on Characteristics of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Their Viability

Abstract Lactobacillus acidophilus, a probiotic bacterium, is important bacteria for establishing a balanced intestinal microflora. The number of probiotic bacteria that must be consumed to get the benefits is about ≥107 CFU/g. Viability of L. acidophilus is generally low due to environmental conditions, storage and processing. Therefore, it is essential to maintain the number of bacteria, including the use of coating material followed by freeze drying. This microencapsulation method study aimed to determine the exact concentration of alginate in order to improve viability and attain best microcapsule characteristics by freeze drying method. A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications was used. Alginate concentrations used were 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% (w/v). They showed that no significantly difference on cell viability but a significant by different moisture content and yield of microcapsules. Treatment with 4% concentration was the best on generating microcapsules L. acidophilus with viability of 97.89%, water content of 3.43%, yield of 16.32%. It could also reduce resistance to pH 2.0 and bile salt 0.5% respectively 4.90 log cfu/g and 4.38%log cfu/g of total initial bacteria 4.99 log cfu/g.
How Message Features and Social Endorsements Affect the Longevity of News Sharing

Abstract This study examined how message features and social endorsements affect the longevity of audience news sharing by analyzing behavioral data of social retransmission of New York Times health news articles, and associated article content and context data. The results showed that information utility-related message features increased the duration for which articles prompted email-based sharing, whereas emotional positivity and controversiality increased the longevity of social media-based sharing. Expressed emotional evocativeness and the absence of death-related words lengthened the duration for which articles prompted both email- and social media-based sharing. News retransmission, via either email or social media, was more likely to persist when the articles stayed on the “most-emailed” list for a longer time, showing social endorsement-driven cumulative advantage effects. The results further revealed synergistic interaction effects between social endorsements and message features. While social endorsements produced strong cumulative-advantage effects on the longevity of news sharing, articles with certain message features that are diagnostic of their inherent share-worthiness generated even stronger effects than those articles that appeared on the “most-emailed” list for the same amount of time but lacked such features. These features were expressed emotional evocativeness (email-based sharing), the absence of death-related words, and exemplification (social media-based sharing).
THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON MANAGER WORK PRODUCTIVITY AT PT. PERUSAHAAN GAS NEGARA, TBK WITH ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR AS INTERVENING

This study aims to analyze the effects of transformational leadership on work productivity with organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as an intervening variable. The study was conducted at PT. Perusahaan Gas Negara, Tbk by using quantitative methods and a sample of 127 managers taken with simple random sampling. Data collection using a 5-point Likert Scale questionnaire and analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that transformational leadership and OCB have a positive and significant impact on manager work productivity. The research findings also show that OCB as an intervening variable for the effect of transformational leadership on work productivity, so that effective transformational leadership will increase OCB and subsequently have an impact on increasing work productivity. Based on these results, the leader needs to increase the effectiveness of transformational leadership. Leaders must put their subordinates as partners and deepen their ability to communicate interpersonal and strengthen their emotional intelligence. a positive on employee work productivity. found that transformational leadership influences employee productivity. the be formulated While the t-value is 4.43 and the t-critical is 1.96, so the t-value > t-critical, which means supported H1. This means that transformational leadership has a positive direct effect on work productivity. The path coefficient that shows the direct effect of OCB on work productivity is 0.49 and the t-value is 4.61. The path coefficient is positive and the t-value > 1.96, which means it supported H2. The conclusion is that OCB has a positive direct effect on manager work productivity. The path coefficient of direct effect of transformational leadership on OCB 0.79 and t-value 4.86. The path coefficient obtained is positive which indicates a positive influence, so that effective transformational leadership will increase OCB. The t-value > 1.96 which means supported H3, which can be concluded that transformational leadership has a positive direct effect on the manager's OCB. Furthermore, for the indirect effect of transformational leadership on work productivity through OCB, the path coefficient is 0.38 and t-value is 4.35. The result shows t-value > 1.96 which means supported H4.
Plant regeneration from Cichorium intybus (L.) var. sativum leaf midrib explants induced by Ancymidol supplemented culture medium

In our studies efficient continuous regeneration of Cichorium intybus L. var. sativum Lam et DC. has been investigated, indicating the positive effect of ancymidol on regeneration ability. Multiple shoot induction and rapid regeneration were obtained on MS-Medium supplemented with 1,5 mg/l ancymidol. As explant material leaf midrib segments were used. Plants developed after four weeks of incubation. Regenerated plants were successfully transferred to soil.
Determination of eddy dissipation rate by Doppler lidar in Reykjavik, Iceland

The temporal and spatial scale of atmospheric turbulence can be highly dynamic, requiring sophisticated methods for adequate detection and monitoring with high resolution. Doppler light detection and ranging (lidar) systems have been widely used to observe and monitor wind velocity and atmospheric turbulence profiles as Doppler lidar systems can provide continuous information about wind fields. The use of lidars in the subarctic region is particularly challenging as aerosol abundance can be very low, leading to weak backscatter signals. In the present study, we analysed data collected with a Leosphere Windcube 200S lidar system stationed in Reykjavik, Iceland, to estimate the eddy dissipation rate (EDR) as an indicator of turbulence intensity. For this purpose, we retrieved radial wind velocity observations from velocity–azimuth display scans and computed the EDR based on the Kolmogorov theory. We compared different noise filter thresholds, scan strategies and calculation approaches during typical Icelandic weather conditions to assess the accuracy and the uncertainty of our EDR estimations. The developed algorithm can process raw lidar observations, retrieve EDR and determine the qualitative distribution of the EDR. The processed lidar observations suggest that lidar observations can be of high importance for potential end‐users, for example air traffic controllers and aviation safety experts. The work is an essential step towards enhanced aviation safety in Iceland where aerosol concentration is in general low and severe turbulence occurs regularly.
VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AS A RISK FACTOR FOR DEVELOPMENT OF POST TRANSPLANT DIABETES MELLITUS

Background: Many studies have shown a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance in general population but the results remains controversial especially in renal transplant patients. Vitamin D plays a role in mineral metabolism, immunological function and glucose homoeostasis. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus(PTDM) is a frequent metabolic complication following solid organ transplantation, affecting 10–45% of kidney transplant recipients. It leads to impaired patient and graft survival and an increased rate of cardiovascular events. So its early diagnosis and management becomes utmost necessary. Aim: The study aims to provide preliminary information about the levels of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D (25[OH]D) in renal transplant patients and find any correlation between its deficiency and development of PTDM. Method: A retrospective analysis of 468 patients transplanted between 2018 and 2020 was done. Pre and posttransplant vitamin D levels, fasting blood sugar (FBS), post prandial blood sugar (PPBS), HbA1c levels were noted down. Vitamin D levels were classified into three groups <10 ng/ml, 11-30 ng/ ml and > 31 ng/ml. PTDM was considered as patients developing diabetes mellitus (FBS > 126 mg/dl, PPBS > 200 mg/dl and HbA1c > 6.5) after transplant. All patients with pre transplant diabetes mellitus were excluded from study. Results: The study showed that incidence of PTDM was 12.6%. Vitamin D levels <10 ng/dl were found in 16.2%, 11-30 ng/dl in 59.8% and >31 ng/dl in 24.1% of patients. We found a positive correlation between vitamin D levels <10 ng/dl and occurrence of PTDM (p<0.001). Discussion: In order to prevent PTDM, identification of modifiable risk factors at the time of transplantation may be useful to develop primary preventive therapeutic strategies for high-risk patients. To conclude, in this single centre observational study, we identified vitamin D deficiency at the time of transplantation as an independent risk factor of PTDM. P-17.11
Caracterización morfológica y molecular de fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Apii asociado a la marchitez del apio en Costa Rica

Costa Rica produce apio en las provincias de Cartago, Heredia, Alajuela y San Jose. La produccion aproximada es de 25 toneladas metricas anuales. Este cultivo se ve afectado por diferentes patogenos, sin embargo, en los ultimos anos Fusarium oxysporum ha causado serios problemas de marchitez en plantas a nivel productivo. En apio se conocen 4 razas patogenicas de Fusarium, definidas a partir de la tolerancia que presentan los cultivares de apio al patogeno. La raza 1 afecta solo el apio amarillo; la raza 2 afecta tanto el apio amarillo como el verde; la raza 3, la menos patogenica, es virulenta unicamente para el apio verde; y la raza 4, es la mas agresiva que causa tanto perdidas en apio verde como amarillo. En Costa Rica se ha descrito la presencia de Fusarium oxysporum en apio, pero no se han descrito las razas presentes. Para identificar y describir el patogeno, se aislo el hongo a partir de plantas enfermas provenientes de campo que presentaban los siguientes sintomas: retraso en la tasa de crecimiento, enanismo, amarillamiento, marchitez en el follaje y reduccion, oscurecimiento y dano en el sistema radical. Se realizaron los Postulados de Koch y la descripcion morfologica del patogeno, para caracteristicas tales como la cantidad y presencia o ausencia de macro y microconidios en medio de cultivo de clavel (CLA), ademas, la apariencia del micelio (color y pigmentacion) en medio papa dextrosa agar (PDA). La caracterizacion molecular se realizo mediante la secuenciacion de la region del factor de elongacion uno alfa (EF1-α). El resultado tuvo una alta similitud con aislamientos encontrados en el National Center for Biotechnolgy Information (NCBI) relacionados a F. oxysporum f. sp. apii y se sugiere la presencia de las razas 3 y/o 4 en Costa Rica.
The Effect of Application of Accrual-Based Government Accounting Standards, Apparatus Quality, Public Accountability and Government Internal Control Systems on Quality of Financial Statements

This study aims to look at the effect of implementing accrual-based government accounting standards, apparatus quality, public accountability and the Government Internal Control System on the quality of financial statements based on previous research. The study was conducted by examining articles relating to the variables of the application of accrual-based government accounting standards, apparatus quality, public accountability and Government Internal Control Systems that affect the quality of financial reports. Articles with appropriate titles are then collected for later review. Articles collected from 2010-2019 (ten years), with the consideration that the article is still quite relevant to the current conditions. Based on the articles that have been implemented, it can be concluded that the application of accrual-based government accounting standards, apparatus quality, public accountability and the Government Internal Control System have an effect on the quality of financial reports.
Genome-wide association study for resistance to cassava root rot

SUMMARY Cassava root rot (CRR) disease associated with a complex of soil pathogens has caused great yield losses in the crop. The objective of the current work was to obtain insights about the genetic architecture of CRR resistance caused by Fusarium (dry root rot – DRR), Phytophthora (soft root rot – SRR) and Botryosphaeriaceae (black root rot – BRR) species, using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Phenotyping data of 263 accessions (artificial inoculation) and 14 094 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (missing data <0·10 and minor allele frequency >0·05) were used. The severity of CRR in peel and pulp was variable among accessions, but the pathogens that caused DRR were more aggressive. Broad-sense heritability ( $h_g^2 $ ) was of medium magnitude for all groups of resistances for pathogens, with variation from 0·16 ± 0·019 (Fspp Pulp) to 0·31 ± 0·028 (Fspp Peel). The kinship matrix was used to correct for stratification as well as for clustering the accessions. Overall, this analysis showed that there was no relationship between agronomic traits and resistance to CRR and the four clusters obtained from kinship matrix. The GWAS identified 38 significant SNPs, of which eight and 22 are related to the severity of DRR in the pulp and peel, respectively. The other eight SNPs were associated with SRR-peel (1), SRR-pulp (1), BRR-peel (3) and BRR-pulp (3). Half of the SNPs associated with CRR resistance have functional annotations related to defence and response to pathogen attack as well as general cellular processes. The current study revealed that resistance to CRR is controlled by multiple loci with small effects, and significant SNPs can be used to identify putative genes that control these traits.
Factors Affecting the Weakening Rate of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

In this study, based on the 6-hourly tropical cyclone (TC) best track data and the ERA-Interim reanalysis data, statistical analyses as well as a machine learning approach, XGBoost, are used to identify and quantify factors that affect the overwater weakening rate (WR) of TCs over the western North Pacific (WNP) during 1980–2017. Statistical analyses show that the TC rapid weakening events usually occur when intense TCs cross regions with a sharp decrease in sea surface temperature (DSST) with relatively faster eastward or northward translational speeds, and move into regions with large environmental vertical wind shear (VWS) and dry conditions in the upshear-left quadrant. Results from XGBoost indicate that the relative intensity of TC (TC intensity normalized by its maximum potential intensity), DSST, and VWS are dominant factors determining TC WR, contributing 26.0%, 18.3%, and 14.9% to TC WR, and 9, 5, and 5 m s−1 day−1 to the variability of TC WR, respectively. Relative humidity in the upshear-left quadrant of VWS, zonal translational speed, divergence at 200 hPa, and meridional translational speed contribute 12.1%, 11.8%, 8.8%, and 8.1% to TC WR, respectively, but only contribute 2–3 m s−1 day−1 to the variability of TC WR individually. These findings suggest that the improved accurate analysis and prediction of the dominant factors may lead to substantial improvements in the prediction of TC WR.