Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aircraft soot from conventional fuels and biofuels during ground idle and 1 climb-out conditions : electron microscopy and X-ray micro-spectroscopy 2 3

1 climb-out conditions: electron microscopy and X-ray micro-spectroscopy 2 3 A. Liati, D. Schreiber, P. A. Alpert, Y. Liao, B. T. Brem, P. Corral Arroyo, J. Hu, H. R. 4 Jonsdottir, M. Ammann, P. Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler 5 6 Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Automotive 7 Powertrain Technologies Laboratory, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland 8 PSI, Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, 9 CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland 10 Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for 11 Advanced Analytical Technologies, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland 12 University of Bern, Institute of Anatomy, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 * Corresponding author: 21 E-Mail address: anthi.liati@empa.ch 22 Tel. +41 58 765 4190; Fax: +41 58 7654041 23 24 25 26 This document is the accepted manuscript version of the following article: Liati, A. , Schreiber, D. , Alpert, P. A. , Liao, Y. , Brem, B. T. , Corral Arroyo, P., . Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler, P. (2019). Aircraft soot from conventional fuels and biofuels during ground idle and climb-out conditions: electron microscopy and Xray micro-spectroscopy. Environmental Pollution, 247, 658-667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol. 2019.01. 078
PURIFICATION OF A FUNGAL ENDO-I3-GLUCANASE WITH HIGH ACTIVITY ON BARLEY I3-GLUCAN

An endo-13-glucanase was purified from a commercial enzyme preparation of fungal origin by ammonium sulphate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration followed by preparative isoelectric focusing. The enzyme was homogeneous in sedimentation equilibrium analysis from which the molecular weight was determined to be 23.500 in agreement with the value 23.653 calculated on the basis of the amino acid composition. The enzyme did not contain carbohydrate and a molecular weight of 24.000 estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in dodecyl sulphate after 2-mercaptoethanol treatment, indicated that it consisted of a single polypeptide chain. It had an isoelectric point of 4.47. The enzyme rapidly decreased the specific viscosity of barley fl-glucan with a small concomitant increase in reducing sugar. Its activity toward carboxymethyl-cellulose, acid-swollen cellulose, and a mixture of cellodextrins was low. Laminarin, carboxymethyl-pachyman, cellobiose, and p-nitrophenyl-13-D-glucoside were not hydrolyzed. The Km for hydrolysis of barley 13-glucan and carboxymethyl-cellulose was 1.8 and I 1 mg/ml, respectively, the corresponding molecular activities being 7750 and 750 equivalents of glucosidic bonds hydrolyzed per min per mole of enzyme. The products of exhaustive hydrolysis of barley ! %glucan were 4.3% glucose, 4.2% disaccharide, 72.7% trisaccharide, and 18.8% tetrasaccharide, higher oligomers and polymers were absent. The enzymic activity was completely destroyed by treatment with N-bromosuccinimide but was insensitive to EDTA, sulfhydryl modifying reagents, and glucono-l,5-1actone.
High-field SANS studies of the vortex lattice in YBCO

In this thesis is presented the first high-field structural study of the vortex lattice in YBa\(_2\)Cu\(_3\)O\(_7\). Small-angle neutron scattering was used to deduce the configuration of vortices in a twinned sample of YBa\(_2\)Cu\(_3\)O\(_7\) over the field range 1–11T applied parallel to the crystal c-axis. The experiments revealed a field-induced continuous transition from a distorted London-like vortex lattice at 1T, to an unconventional square vortex lattice with a slight rectangular distortion. It is clear from the data that some kind of unconventional intrinsic anisotropy is responsible for the high-field square lattice and the data are suggestive of two possible origins, Fermi surface anisotropy and d-wave effects, both of which may be described as non-local effects. However, from the present data it is not possible to determine which of these effects is more important. The dependence of the vortex lattice structure upon temperature and angle of applied field was also studied. In accordance with expectation, it was found that the unconventional anisotropy responsible for the stability of the square vortex lattice is diminished with increasing temperature and the distorted triangular configuration eventually reappears via a continuous transition. Similarly, the square vortex lattice is suppressed by rotating the applied field away from the crystal c-axis. However, in this case the transition between the triangular and square vortex lattices becomes firstorder. Moreover, the low-field triangular domains are very different to those observed with the field parallel to the c-axis. Three other neutron studies in which this author was involved were also briefly presented. Of these, two were small-angle neutron scattering studies of the vortex lattice (in Nd\(_{1.85}\)Ce\(_{0.15}\)CuO\(_4\) and detwinned YBa\(_2\)Cu\(_3\)O\(_7\)−δ) and are thus intimately related to the main topic. In Nd\(_{1.85}\)Ce\(_{0.15}\)CuO\(_4\), a square vortex lattice was observed, but at unprecedentedly low fields (20 mT). The detwinned YBa\(_2\)Cu\(_3\)O\(_7\)−δ samples have provided confirmation of the results observed in the twinned sample and hold prospect for further studies, particularly of the effect of doping on the transition to square. Lastly, vii measurements by inelastic neutron scattering of the spin fluctuations at the metamagnetic field in Sr\(_3\)Ru\(_2\)O\(_7\) were shown. These important experiments have demonstrated the first microscopic evidence for a wholesale change in the character of the spin correlations at the metamagnetic field.
Ricci soliton solvmanifolds

Abstract All known examples of nontrivial homogeneous Ricci solitons are left-invariant metrics on simply connected solvable Lie groups whose Ricci operator is a multiple of the identity modulo derivations (called solsolitons, and nilsolitons in the nilpotent case). The tools from geometric invariant theory used to study Einstein solvmanifolds, turned out to be useful in the study of solsolitons as well. We prove that, up to isometry, any solsoliton can be obtained via a very simple construction from a nilsoliton N together with any abelian Lie algebra of symmetric derivations of its metric Lie algebra (𝔫, 〈·, ·〉). The following uniqueness result is also obtained: a given solvable Lie group can admit at most one solsoliton up to isometry and scaling. As an application, solsolitons of dimension ≦ 4 are classified.
Delft University of Technology Effect of porosity variation strategy on the performance of functionally graded Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Functionally graded scaffold (FGS) is designed to mimic the morphology, mechanical and biological properties of natural bone closely. Porosity variation strategy between different regions in FGS plays a crucial role in influencing its mechanical and biological performance. A combination of modeling tool and scripting language can effectively enhance the ability to optimize FGS designs. This study was aimed at determining the effect of porosity variation strategy on the mechanical performance and permeability of the as-built and as-heat-treated FGSs. Ti-6Al-4V FGSs with sizes of 10×10×15 mm and diamond lattice structures were designed and fabricated by means of selective laser melting. A wide range of porosities in the FGSs (38~75%) were achieved by applying six different porosity variation strategies. The elastic modulus (3.7~5.7 GPa) and yield strength (27.1~84.7 MPa) of the as-built FGSs were found to vary between the corresponding mechanical properties of cancellous bone and cortical bone. Heat treatment reduced the strengths by 13~56%. Porosity variation strategy strongly affected the deformation behavior and failure mechanisms of the FGSs. The sigmoid function-controlled FGSs showed gradual failure behavior and © 2018 Manuscript version made available under CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 2 sample Sigk0.5b8 showed superior overall performance. The results demonstrated that porosity variation strategy is a feasible means for tailor design of FGS.
www.econstor.eu Regional Disparities and the Italian N airu

In this paper we estimate the Italian Nairu using annual data for the period 1951-1996. We find evidence consistent with aggregate wage setting in Italy depending only on the rate of unemployment prevailing in the Northern and Central areas of the country. There is evidence supporting the presence of a long-run cointegrating relationship among unemployment in the Northern and Central areas, the tax wedge, the real interest rate and a measure of union power. The response of unemployment to exogenous shocks is sluggish, suggesting that persistence is an important feature of the Italian labor market.
Speech intelligibility in fluctuating maskers

Within several experiments, the influence of different maskers on the speech reception threshold (SRT, signal-to-noise ratio for 50% speech intelligibility) was examined using the Oldenburg sentence test (OLSA). The maskers were stationary noises, speech or speech-like signals. The speech and speech-like signals were intelligible or non-intelligible, composed of different languages with natural or destroyed fine structure (ICRA5-like) but similar pause durations and long-term average speech spectra (LTASS). The SRT differences for normal-hearing German listeners, normal-hearing foreign native listeners and hearing-impaired Germans were small with stationary noises, but enlarged with fluctuating maskers. Intelligibility of the masker increased the SRT only slightly, whereas the ICRA5-like maskers resulted in a significant SRT increase. SRT also increased for an older normal-hearing listener group compared to a younger listener group. Composition of same or different speakers to babble noise increased the SRT even beyond its stationary noise value. Different masker levels showed a significant effect on the SRT for fluctuating maskers. Open (free oral response) and closed (response on a touch screen) test settings led to significant differences for the fluctuating masker but not for the stationary maskers. Additionally, measured reaction times for the vocal response and subjective listening effort ratings in some of the experiments were related to speech intelligibility results and independent of masker type. Conventional compression algorithms in bilateral hearing-aid fittings distort the interaural level differences (ILD’s) due to independent gain characteristics at the two ears. By transmitting signals between hearing aids, the compression can be coordinated and the same gain can be applied to both ears, thus preserving the ILD’s. The present study investigated the influence of such “binaurally linked” hearing aids on speech intelligibility. Hearing-impaired listeners with a symmetric hearing loss were fitted with hearing aids connected to a hearing aid research platform (HARP). Speech reception thresholds (SRT’s) were measured in a loudspeaker setup with the target speech and the masker spatially separated. Slightly, but not significantly better SRT’s were achieved when the hearing aids were binaurally linked and combined with slow compression than when unlinked fast compression was used. The difference between monaural and binaural speech intelligibility was independent of the hearing aid algorithm. Thus, the preservation of the exact ILD information does not seem to be critical for binaural processing and speech intelligibility in the considered conditions.
Quantum geometry of 3-dimensional lattices and tetrahedron equation

We study geometric consistency relations between angles of 3-dimensional (3D) circular quadrilateral lattices -- lattices whose faces are planar quadrilaterals inscribable into a circle. We show that these relations generate canonical transformations of a remarkable "ultra-local" Poisson bracket algebra defined on discrete 2D surfaces consisting of circular quadrilaterals. Quantization of this structure allowed us to obtain new solutions of the tetrahedron equation (the 3D analog of the Yang-Baxter equation) as well as reproduce all those that were previously known. These solutions generate an infinite number of non-trivial solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation and also define integrable 3D models of statistical mechanics and quantum field theory. The latter can be thought of as describing quantum fluctuations of lattice geometry.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER DISEASE PROFILE AND OUTCOME OF NEONATES ADMITTED TO NICU IN SVRRGGH, TIRUPATI – A TERITIARY CARE CENTRE

Introduction: Neonatal morbidity and mortality rates reflect a nation’s socioeconomic status as well as the efficiency of their health care services. The objective of this study is to identify the disease spectrum and the commonest causes of morbidity and mortality in this group of babies. Methods: The study was a retrospective study of all the newborns admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit of the Department of Pediatrics, SVRRGGH, Tirupathi. Results: A total of 1289 newborns were admitted to NICU during the study period of which 696 (56.5%) were term, 537 (43.5%) were preterm. The most common disease was sepsis (35.5%) followed by birth asphyxia (31.5%), neonatal jaundice (10.2%), hyaline membrane disease (12.6%), meconium aspiration syndrome (11%), congenital malformations (4%) and hypoglycemia (5%). Out of 1233 patients, 276 expired (22.3%). The common causes of mortality were sepsis (35.5%), hyaline membrane disease (27.6%) and hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy stage 3 (23.1%). Conclusion: Neonatal period is a very vulnerable period with a high risk of morbidity and mortality which is preventable with good obstetric care and subsequent neonatal care.
LA-UR-92-- 759 ( L .-- L . , wNYt 2 ~-- LAUR -92-759 ( DE 92 011266

The high heat flux nucleate boiling region, also called the vapor mushroom region, has been shown to have a thin liquid layer on the heater surface under the large mushroom-shaped vapor bubbles that grow from the heater surface. The name given to this liquid layer is the macrolayer to differentiate it from the microlayer that exists under the discrete bubbles found at lower heat fluxes in the nucleate boiling region. Typical thicknesses of this macrolayer range from 50 to 500 ~m for water on a flat horizontal boiling surf~ t t ,nd depend upon the heat flux, Thus, the macrolayer is thicker than the wedge-sb iped microlayers, found under discrete bubbles, whirh range in thickness from 1 to 10 pm. Although the mechanism of microlayer formation and its evaporation is conceptually simple that of the macrolayer is still not understood. This paper critically compares the potential mechanisms proposed for macrolayer formation. These mechanisms include the Helmholtz instability applied to the vapor stcm above active nucleation sites, liquid trapped by lateral coalescence of discrete bubbles that initially form during the mushroom bubble’s waiting period, and th:~ limitation of liquid resupply at mushroom departure’ as a resul( of vapor flc.w from the active nucleation site’s,
A Review on Solar Drying of Fish

Oman is one of the major fish producers in this region. Fish is highly perishable, therefore different preservation techniques, such as smoking, drying, chilling, brining and freezing are being used. Solar drying is one of the most popular technique due to its simplicity and low cost as compared to other techniques. This study aimed to review the different types of solar drying techniques and highlighted the quality measures of solar dried fish. Solar drying techniques can be divided into three types: open-sun drying, direct and indirect solar drying. The open-sun drying is the most adoptable method because it is the cheapest preservation technique. However, this technique has several drawbacks, such as the uncertainty of weather, large implementation area, required time, poor drying rate, high labor costs, possible attack by insects, microorganism and birds, and contaminated with dust and foreign materials. Solar dryers, on the other hand, overcome the most of drawbacks associated with open-sun drying. They have shorter drying time and higher drying rate, and at the same time these enhance the physical properties of dried fish. For better understanding of the drying processes many regression models were used and the exponential model was found to be the best fitted model describing the drying behavior. Fish possesses good nutritional value due to higher amount of proteins, lipids and ash contents. For higher shelf life, fish has to meet certain characteristics with respect to pH, water activity, microbial load, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine nitrogen (TMA-N) and enzymatic autolysis. For a very good quality, the pH must be ranged from 6.0-6.9 and the water activity must be lower than 0.6. The TVB-N and TMA-N are the indicators of spoilage and their upper acceptable limits are 10-15 mg/100g and 35-40 mg/100g, respectively. Total plate count (TPC) and total fungal count (TFC) are two attributes used to assess the microbiological quality of fish products. The autolysis changes in the fish lead to spoilage as a result of the production of biogenic amines and microbial growth. Studying the health aspect of dried fish is very important for the human body to obtain a greater proportion of proteins and important substances away from the harmful chemicals that may appear in traditional draying technique.
An orthogonality relation for the Whittaker functions of the second kind of imaginary order

An orthogonality relation for the Whittaker functions of the second kind of imaginary order, W κ, iμ(x), with μ∈ℝ, is investigated. The integral is shown to be proportional to the sum δ(μ−μ′)+δ(μ+μ′), where δ(μ±μ′) is the Dirac delta distribution. The proportionality factor is found to be π2/[μsinh(2πμ) Γ(1/2−κ+iμ) Γ(1/2−κ−iμ)]. For κ=0, the derived formula reduces to the orthogonality relation for the Macdonald functions of imaginary order, discussed recently in the literature.
Truncated Wiener-Hopf operators with Fisher Hartwig singularities

We derive the asymptotic behavior of determinants of truncated Wiener-Hopf operators generated by symbols having Fisher-Hartwig singularities. This task is achieved thanks to an asymptotic resolution of the Riemann-Hilbert problem associated to some generalized sine kernel. As a byproduct, we give yet another derivation of the asymptotic behavior of Toeplitz determinants having Fisher-Hartwig singularities. The Riemann-Hilbert problem approach to these asymptotics yields a systematic although quickly cumbersome way to compute their sub-leading asymptotics.
The effect of masker duration on forward and backward masking

Procedure METHOD which the signal is a click and the masker is noise. As the click is moved closer to the noise, masking increases, presumably because the weighting function encompasses more noise. From the rate of increase of masking, the skirt of the weighting function can be determined. Thus, in this experiment, data from forward and backward masking paradigms are used to determine the skirts of the temporal weighting functions. Both the delay between the click and masker and the masker duration are varied.
Iterated destabilizing modifications for vector bundles with connection

Given a vector bundle with integrable connection $(V,\nabla )$ on a curve, if $V$ is not itself semistable as a vector bundle then we can iterate a construction involving modification by the destabilizing subobject to obtain a Hodge-like filtration $F^p$ which satisfies Griffiths transversality. The associated graded Higgs bundle is the limit of $(V,t\nabla )$ under the de Rham to Dolbeault degeneration. We get a stratification of the moduli space of connections, with as minimal stratum the space of opers. The strata have fibrations whose fibers are Lagrangian subspaces of the moduli space.
On Morphic Actions and Integrability of LA-Groupoids

Lie theory for the integration of Lie algebroids to Lie groupoids, on the one hand, and of Poisson manifolds to symplectic groupoids, on the other, has undergone tremendous developements in the last decade, thanks to the work of Mackenzie-Xu, Moerdijk-Mrcun, Cattaneo-Felder and Crainic-Fernandes, among others. In this thesis we study - part of - the categorified version of this story, namely the integrability of LA-groupoids (groupoid objects in the category of Lie algebroids), to double Lie groupoids (groupoid objects in the category of Lie groupoids) providing a first set of sufficient conditions for the integration to be possible. Mackenzie's double Lie structures arise naturally from lifting processes, such as the cotangent lift or the path prolongation, on ordinary Lie theoretic and Poisson geometric objects and we use them to study the integrability of quotient Poisson bivector fields, the relation between "local" and "global" duality of Poisson groupoids and Lie theory for Lie bialgebroids and Poisson groupoids.
Algebraic methods in random matrices and enumerative geometry

We review the method of symplectic invariants recently introduced to solve matrix models loop equations, and further extended beyond the context of matrix models. For any given spectral curve, one defined a sequence of differential forms, and a sequence of complex numbers Fg . We recall the definition of the invariants Fg , and we explain their main properties, in particular symplectic invariance, integrability, modularity,. Then, we give several example of applications, in particular matrix models, enumeration of discrete surfaces (maps), algebraic geometry and topological strings, non-intersecting brownian motions,.
Sputter-engineering a ﬁrst-order magnetic phase transition in 1 sub-15-nm-thick single-crystal FeRh ﬁlms 2

Equiatomic FeRh alloys undergo a fascinating ﬁrst-order metamagnetic phase transition (FOMPT) just above room temperature, which has attracted reinvigorated interest for applications in spintronics. Until now, all attempts to grow nanothin FeRh alloy ﬁlms have consistently shown that FeRh layers tend to grow in the Volmer-Weber growth mode. Here we show that sputter-grown sub-15-nm-thick FeRh alloy ﬁlms deposited at low sputter-gas pressure, typically ∼ 0 . 1 Pa, onto (001)-oriented MgO substrates, grow in a peening-induced Frank-van der Merwe growth mode for FeRh ﬁlm thicknesses above 5 nm, circumventing this major drawback. The bombardment of high-energy sputtered atoms, the atom-peening eﬀect, induces a re-balancing between adsorbate-surface and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions, leading to the formation of a smooth continuous nanothin FeRh ﬁlm. Chemical order in the ﬁlms increases with the FeRh thickness, t FeRh , and varies monotonically from 0.75 up to 0.9. Specular x-ray diﬀraction scans around Bragg peaks show Pendell¨osung fringes for ﬁlms with t FeRh ≥ 5 . 2 nm, which reﬂects in smooth well-ordered densiﬁed single-crystal FeRh layers. The nanothin ﬁlm’s roughness varies from 0.6 down to about 0.1 nm as t FeRh increases, and scales linearly with the integral breadth of the rocking curve, proving its microstructured origin. Magnetometry shows that the FOMPT in the nanothin ﬁlms is qualitatively similar to that of the bulk alloy, except for the thinnest ﬁlm of 3.7 nm.