Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Media reportage of suicide among police officers in Ghana: A mixed method analysis

Abstract Rates of suicide have been recorded among the police in some parts of the world. Despite the attention that this topic has received, it appears that not much is being researched on it in Africa. Besides, research on suicide in Ghana has been skewed towards the public, to the neglect of the police. The sparse literature on suicide among the police both in Africa and in Ghana inspired this study. Our objectives were to examine the state of suicide among the police in Ghana as reported in the media, the differences between private and public news outlets with respect to their reportage of police suicide, and reasons that account for suicide among the police in Ghana. Using a mixed method approach and with purposive sampling technique, contents of news items from seven popular news portals on suicide among police officers in Ghana between the years 2015 and 2021 were reviewed. Sixty-nine (69) news items were analysed using both quantitative and qualitative content analysis. It was observed that there were more reports of suicide on male officers compared with their female counterparts, with the rifle, pistol, and hanging being the modes for carrying out the act of suicide. Almost an equal number of superior and subordinate officers were reported to have committed suicide. To ensure that they completed their act, officers resorted to the use of lethal means, such as shooting themselves through the eye, head, throat, chin, and jaw. The reasons for committing suicide clustered around the themes of psychosocial precipitants, too high expectations, expected to man up, failed marriage, education of children, institutional lapses, failed paternity test, proposal, lack of public support, fed up with this life, can’t take the disgrace, and access to deadly weapon. Generally, media outlets failed to comply with the acceptable guidelines for reporting suicide. The use of a mixed method afforded us the opportunity to glean some reasons that account for suicide among the police in Ghana, showing how the psychological state of the officer, the society, and faulty institutional structures within the service could lead to officer suicide. Also, there is a need for media outlets to be educated on the need to adhere to the standard guidelines for reporting suicide.
Large Pleistocene tortoise tracks on the Cape south coast of South Africa

Abstract Although tortoises (Testudinidae) are a familiar clade of reptiles, with a body fossil record extending to at least the Eocene, hitherto no tortoise ichnosites have been described. Here, a number of sites attributed to tortoise trackmakers are identified within Pleistocene aeolianites on South Africa's Cape south coast. These date from late Marine Isotope Stage 6 to Marine Isotope Stage 4. The findings indicate large trackmakers, with evidence of a trackmaker length of more than a meter—substantially longer than the largest extant tortoises in southern Africa. This suggests either the presence of an extinct very large tortoise species, or that Pleistocene leopard tortoises in the region were larger than their descendants. Variations in substrate properties are responsible for a variety of track and trace forms. A mismatch exists between the reported ichnological evidence for large tortoises, and the regional archaeological and body fossil records, which almost exclusively comprise smaller tortoises. The findings illustrate the potential of ichnology to complement and augment the paleontological and archaeological records.
Turbulence Measurements in the Near Field of a Wingtip Vortex

The rollup of a wingtip vortex, at a Reynoldsnumber based on chord of 4 . 6 £ 10 6 , was studied with an emphasis onsuctionsideandverynear-wakemeasurements(upto x/c = 0.678 downstreamofthetrailingedge). Theresearch was conducted in a 32 £ 48 in. (0.81 £ 1.22 m), low-speed wind tunnel. The rectangular half-wing model had a semispan of 36 in. (0.91 m), a chord of 48 in. (1.22 m), and a rounded tip. Seven-hole pressure probe measurements of the velocity ® eld surrounding the wingtip showed that a large axial velocity up to 1.77 U 1 developed in the vortex core. This high a level of core axial velocity has not been measured previously. Triple-wire probes were used to measure all components of the Reynolds stress tensor. It was determined from correlation measurements that
Effect of interlayer magnetic coupling on the Jc of YBa2Cu3O7/insulator/YBa2Cu3O7 trilayers

We have studied critical current density (Jc) in YBa2Cu3O7−x/insulator/YBa2Cu3O7−x trilayers as the interlayer magnetic coupling is reduced by increasing the insulator thickness (tI). Although the thickness of both YBa2Cu3O7−x layers were fixed at 0.25μm, the self- and weak-field Jc of the trilayer sample increases monotonically with tI from the lowest value for a 0.5-μm-thick YBa2Cu3O7−x film at tI=0, and saturates at the Jc value for a 0.25-μm-thick YBa2Cu3O7−x film at tI≈20nm. This result suggests an intimate correlation between Jc and magnetic coupling of vortex segments in two YBCO layers.We have studied critical current density (Jc) in YBa2Cu3O7−x/insulator/YBa2Cu3O7−x trilayers as the interlayer magnetic coupling is reduced by increasing the insulator thickness (tI). Although the thickness of both YBa2Cu3O7−x layers were fixed at 0.25μm, the self- and weak-field Jc of the trilayer sample increases monotonically with tI from the lowest value for a 0.5-μm-thick YBa2Cu3O7−x film at tI=0, and saturates at the Jc value for a 0.25-μm-thick YBa2Cu3O7−x film at tI≈20nm. This result suggests an intimate correlation between Jc and magnetic coupling of vortex segments in two YBCO layers.
Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination of Pregnant Women for Prevention of Maternal and Early Infant Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations in South Africa: A Prospective Test-Negative Study

Abstract Background Influenza vaccination during pregnancy reduces influenza-associated illness in the women and their infants, but effectiveness estimates against influenza-associated hospitalization are limited and lacking from settings with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection prevalence. We assessed the effect of maternal vaccination in HIV-uninfected women and women with HIV in preventing influenza-associated hospitalizations in infants and the women. Methods During 2015–2018, influenza vaccination campaigns targeting pregnant women were augmented at selected antenatal clinics; these were coupled with prospective hospital-based surveillance for acute respiratory or febrile illness in infants aged <6 months and cardiorespiratory illness among pregnant or postpartum women. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was assessed using a test-negative case-control study. Results Overall, 71 influenza-positive and 371 influenza-negative infants were included in the analysis; mothers of 26.8% of influenza-positive infants were vaccinated during pregnancy compared with 35.6% of influenza-negative infants, corresponding to an adjusted VE (aVE) of 29.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], −33.6% to 62.3%). When limited to vaccine-matched strains, aVE was 65.2% (95% CI, 11.7%–86.3%). For maternal hospitalizations, 56 influenza-positive and 345 influenza-negative women were included in the analysis, with 28.6% of influenza-positive women being vaccinated compared with 38.3% of influenza-negatives, for an aVE of 46.9% (95% CI, −2.8% to 72.5%). Analysis restricted to HIV-uninfected women resulted in 82.8% (95% CI, 40.7%–95.0%) aVE. No significant aVE (−32.5% [95% CI, −208.7% to 43.1%]) was detected among women with HIV. Conclusions Influenza vaccination during pregnancy prevented influenza-associated hospitalizations among young infants when infected with vaccine strains and among HIV-uninfected women.
Fostering Need-Supportive Behaviors in Physical Education Teachers and Parents: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Study Protocol of a Web-Based Intervention on Secondary School Students’ Physical Activity

Despite various benefits of physical activity, children are increasingly inactive. Both school physical education classes and support from parents are important determinants of physical activity level of children and adolescents. We aim to develop a web-based intervention for physical education teachers and parents to teach them to be more need-supportive towards children when discussing physical activity and thus increase children’s autonomous motivation towards it. The study will adopt a waitlist-control design with cluster randomization by schools. The intervention content is based on self-determination theory. Specifically, the teachers and parents will be introduced to a series of motivation and behavior change techniques to help them satisfy the children’s psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness in physical activity. The targeted group in the six-week intervention is comprised of students aged 12–14 years. The primary outcome variable, physical activity of students, will be assessed via self-report questionnaires at baseline, post-intervention, one-month and six-month follow-up. Web-based intervention programs are cost-effective, allow self-paced learning and enable reaching larger audiences. If this project proves to be effective, a highly valuable web-based solution would be available for PE teachers and parents to help increase students’ physical activity levels.
Time of Dietary Energy and Nutrient Intake and Body Mass Index in Children: Compositional Data Analysis from the Childhood Obesity Project (CHOP) Trial

Meal timing is suggested to influence the obesity risk in children. Our aim was to analyse the effect of energy and nutrient distributions at eating occasions (EO), including breakfast, lunch, supper, and snacks, on the BMI z-score (zBMI) during childhood in 729 healthy children. BMI and three-day dietary protocols were obtained at 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 years of age, and dietary data were analysed as the percentage of the mean total energy intake (TEI; %E). Intakes at EOs were transformed via an isometric log–ratio transformation and added as exposure variables to linear mixed-effects models. Stratified analyses by country and recategorization of EOs by adding intake from snacks to respective meals for further analyses were performed. The exclusion of subjects with less than three observations and the exclusion of subjects who skipped one EO or consumed 5% energy or less at one EO were examined in sensitivity analyses. Around 23% of the children were overweight at a given time point. Overweight and normal-weight children showed different distributions of dietary intakes over the day; overweight children consumed higher intakes at lunch and lower intakes of snacks. However, no significant effects of timing of EOs on zBMI were found in regression analyses.
Testing for individual and time effects in unbalanced panel data models with time-invariant regressors

In this paper, we use a moment-based method to test the existence of the individual and time effects in unbalanced panel data models with time-invariant regressors. Based on the difference of two variance estimators of idiosyncratic errors, three test statistics are proposed. The test statistics for individual (time) effect is robust when the time (individual) effect exists, and is robust for the correlation between explanatory variables and individual or time effect. Additionally, they do not require prior distributional assumptions on the error term. The asymptotic properties of estimators and the test statistics are given in this paper. The Monte Carlo simulations show that the test statistics have good power in finite samples at various situations and a real example is studied for illustration.
A TENTATIVE SIZE–LUMINOSITY RELATION FOR THE IRON EMISSION-LINE REGION IN QUASARS

New reverberation mapping measurements of the size of the optical iron emission-line region in quasars are provided, and a tentative size–luminosity relation for this component is reported. Combined with lag measurements in low-luminosity sources, the results imply an emission-region size that is comparable to and at most twice that of the Hβ line, and is characterized by a similar luminosity dependence. This suggests that the physics underlying the formation of the optical iron blends in quasars may be similar to that of other broad emission lines.
Postoperative mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease according to the use of sugammadex: a single-center retrospective propensity score matched study

Background Clearance of the sugammadex-rocuronium complex is limited to renal excretion. There are restrictions on the use of sugammadex in patients with severe renal impairment. A paucity of data supports the clinical safety of sugammadex in patients with renal impairment. We analyzed mortality after using sugammadex in patients with end-stage renal disease to establish evidence of safety for sugammadex. Methods We retrospectively collected the medical records of 2,134 patients with end-stage renal disease who were dependent on hemodialysis and underwent surgery under general anesthesia between January 2018 and December 2019. Propensity score matching was used. The primary outcome was the 30-day mortality rate, and secondary outcomes were the 1-year mortality rate and causes of death. Results A total of 2,039 patients were included in the study. Sugammadex was administered as a reversal agent for rocuronium in 806 (39.5%) patients; the remaining 1,233 (60.5%) patients did not receive sugammadex. After matching, 1,594 patients were analyzed; 28 (3.5%) of the 797 patients administered sugammadex, and 28 (3.5%) of the 797 patients without sugammadex, died within 30 days after surgery (P > 0.99); 38 (4.8%) of the 797 patients administered sugammadex, and 45 (5.7%) of the 797 patients without sugammadex, died within 1 year after surgery (P = 0.499). No significant differences in the causes of 30-day mortality were observed between the two groups after matching (P = 0.860). Conclusions In this retrospective study, sugammadex did not increase the 30-day and 1-year mortality rate after surgery in end-stage renal disease patients.
Mirror Reflections of a Black Hole

An exact correspondence between a black hole and an accelerating mirror is demonstrated. It is shown that for a massless minimally coupled scalar field, the same Bogolubov coefficients connecting the ``in'' and ``out'' states occur for a ($1+1$)-dimensional flat spacetime with a particular perfectly reflecting accelerating boundary trajectory and a ($1+1$)-dimensional curved spacetime in which a null shell collapses to form a black hole. Generalization of the latter to the ($3+1$)-dimensional case is discussed. The spectral dynamics is computed in both ($1+1$)-dimensional spacetimes along with the energy flux in the spacetime with a mirror. It is shown that the approach to equilibrium is monotonic, asymmetric in terms of the rate, and there is a specific time which characterizes the system when it is the most out of equilibrium.
Estimating Genetic Analysis Using Half Diallel Cross Underlying Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Fibre Yield in Tropical Climates

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a natural fibre crop that can be used for a variety of purposes and has various applications in industry. Despite this, its potential has not been fully exploited because of low yields and a narrow genetic base, limiting hybrids' development. Based on this background, eight kenaf mutants and one commercial cultivar were selected and crossed in a half-diallel for general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) to get the desired results done in this investigation. The 36 hybrid offspring and their parental lines were tested in the field over two environments. Diallel results based on Griffing B method 2 indicated significant differences for all characters studied except for GCA in top diameter and plant height and top diameter SCA, indicating the existence of both additive and nonadditive gene actions for the inheritance of the traits. The amplitude of GCA variation was much higher than that of SCA variation for all parameters except top diameter and node number, showing the additive gene's prevalence and the likelihood of genetic advancement through selection. In both conditions, Hayman and Jinks graphical studies demonstrated that partial dominance controlled various fibre yield component parameters such as plant height, middle diameter, stick weight, and fibre weight. On the other hand, fibre yield and the majority of physical features indicated either dominance or overdominance gene action. Plant height, base diameter, core diameter, middle diameter, fresh stem weight, and stick weight all strongly positively correlated with fibre yield. These traits also had a higher proportion of additive effects, a moderate narrow-sense heritability, and a higher baker ratio, indicating successful indirect selection for fibre yield. The parents P1, P3, and P4 had the most dominant alleles for most of the features, while the parents P2, P7, and P9 had the most recessive alleles. The hybrids P1 × P4, P1 × P9, P2 × P3, P2 × P5, P4 × P6, P4 × P7, P4 × P9, P5 × P8, and P7 × P9 outperformed the parents in terms of heterotic responses and showed that they have a lot of genetic potential for kenaf enhancement in tropical climates.
Effect of sowing and micronutrients foliar spray on lentil (Lens culinaris) in West Bengal

A field experiment was conducted consecutively during 2018-19 and 2019-20 cropping seasons at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur. The study was carried out in split-plot design having two sowing dates (November first week and December first week) in main plot, and foliar spray (no spray, spray of tap water, Zn @ 0.5% (ZnSO4.7H2O), Fe @ 0.5% (FeSO4.7H2O), B @ 0.2% (Borax 10.5%), Zn @ 0.5% + B @ 0.2%, Zn @ 0.5% + Fe @ 0.5%, B @ 0.2% + Fe @ 0.5% and Zn @ 0.5% + Fe @ 0.5% + B @ 0.2%) in sub-plots with three replications. Pooled results of two years experiment clearly indicated that November sown crop produced significantly (P>0.05) higher growth attributes, yield attributes and yield. November sown crop recorded 52.9%, 58.3%, 11.3% and 3.0% higher number of pods, seed yield, stover yield and test weight compared to the crop sown in December. Foliar spraying of micronutrients, viz. B @ 0.2% + Fe @ 0.5% produced significantly higher seed and stover yield of 1438 kg/ha and 3981 kg/ha respectively, which were 58.3% and 27.0% more than that obtained from the control treatment (772 and 3134 kg/ha). Delay in sowing of crop from November to December reduced the crop duration by 11.4 days (113.4 days vs 101.7 days) which affected the yield of the crop. Overall, it can be concluded that lentil sown during November along with foliar spray B @ 0.2% + Fe @ 0.5% can improve the yield in new alluvial zone of West Bengal, India.
The Pattern of Unintentional Injuries and Poisoning Among Children Admitted to King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, From 2014 to 2018 in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Unintentional injuries and poisoning among children are prevalent and severe causes of hospitalization and impairment. The number of accidental injuries among children increases every year, leading to a huge burden on communities and health institutions. Methods This study is a retrospective analytical cross-sectional study. Charts from January 2014 to December 2018 were reviewed to estimate the epidemiological distribution and types of unintentional injuries among children aged 14 years or younger, including newborns, who were admitted to King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Results In this study, 353 children were included. Patients were those admitted to King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Jeddah, due to unintentional injuries and whose age varies from birth to 14 years. Most of the injured children were males (60.1%), but interestingly more female patients suffered from fracture injuries than males. The most common injury was found to be falling (38.5%), followed by road traffic accidents (RTA) (26.1%). The frequency of different types of injuries varied among different age groups. Infants' injuries were mainly falling (50%), while RTA was the most common injury among adolescents (94.7%). Moreover, the head and neck area was the most affected site contributing 39.1% of all sites. Outcomes of the accidental injuries were assessed as full recovery, disability, or death. Conclusion This study showed the proportion of unintentional injuries among children from birth to 14 years old in KAMC, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Overall, the most prevalent type of injury found in our study was falling. Moreover, injuries were more common among male patients. We concluded that most injuries could be avoided if parents or children's guardians practiced protective strategies mainly by ensuring a safe and clear environment for the children.
Component sizing and energy management for a series hybrid electric tracked vehicle

Introduction/purpose: The paper presents a systematic approach to the development of a series hybrid electric tracked vehicle (HETV) including powertrain sizing and adequate energy management strategy (EMS) selection. Methods: Powertrain elements were sized considering key performance requirements. Three energy management strategies were proposed: Thermostat Control Strategy (TCS), Power Follower Control Strategy (PFCS), and Optimal Power Source Strategy (OPSS). The evaluation of the powertrain configuration and the three proposed EMSs was performed in the Simulink environment using a driving cycle containing significant acceleration, braking and steering. Results: The results showed that the OPSS proved to be the best due to increased fuel economy and a low battery state of charge (SOC) variation. Compared to the previous research of the same vehicle with a parallel hybrid configuration, significantly better results were achieved. The investigation of the results indicates that the proposed powertrain and control strategy offer 53.79% better fuel economy which indicates that the powertrain sizing was properly performed. Conclusions: The results of this work are of great importance for understanding the effect of proper powertrain sizing on fuel economy. Compared to the reference vehicle, the proposed configuration achieves significant improvement, most of which is attributed to adequate sizing. The OPSS proved to be the best strategy, thus confirming the theoretical hypothesis. The series hybrid configuration with the OPSS as the EMS proved to be a major candidate for use in HETVs.
Regionalization of Climate Change Simulations for the Assessment of Impacts on Precipitation, Flow Rate and Electricity Generation in the Xingu River Basin in the Brazilian Amazon

This study applied regionalization techniques on future climate change scenarios for the precipitation over the Xingu River Basin (XRB) considering the 2021–2080 horizon, in order to assess impacts on the monthly flow rates and possible consequences for electricity generation at the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant (BMHPP). This is the fourth largest hydroelectric power plant in the world, with a generating capacity of 11,233 MW, and is located in the Brazilian Amazon. Two representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) and an ensemble comprising four general circulation models (CanESM2, CNRM-CM5, MPI-ESM-LR and NORESM1-M) were used. The projections based on both scenarios indicated a considerable decrease in precipitation during the rainy season and a slight increase during the dry season relative to the reference period (1981–2010). According to the results, a reduction in the flow rates in Altamira and in the overall potential for power generation in the BMHPP are also to be expected in both analyzed periods (2021–2050 and 2051–2180). The RCP 4.5 scenario resulted in milder decreases in those variables than the RCP 8.5. Conforming to our findings, a reduction of 21.3% in the annual power generation at the BMHPP is expected until 2080, with a corresponding use of 38.8% of the maximum potential of the facility. These results highlight the need for investments in other renewable energy sources (e.g., wind and solar) in order to compensate for the upcoming losses in the BMHPP production.