Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Embodiment and gender interact in alignment to TTS voices

The current study tests subjects’ vocal alignment toward female and male text-to-speech (TTS) voices presented via three systems: Amazon Echo, Nao, and Furhat. These systems vary in their physical form, ranging from a cylindrical speaker (Echo), to a small robot (Nao), to a human-like robot bust (Furhat). We test whether this cline of personification (cylinder < mini robot < human-like robot bust) predicts patterns of gender-mediated vocal alignment. In addition to comparing multiple systems, this study addresses a confound in many prior vocal alignment studies by using identical voices across the systems. Results show evidence for a cline of personification toward female TTS voices by female shadowers (Echo < Nao < Furhat) and a more categorical effect of device personification for male TTS voices by male shadowers (Echo < Nao, Furhat). These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for models of devicehuman interaction and theories of computer personification.
Deep daxes: Mutual exclusivity arises through both learning biases and pragmatic strategies in neural networks

Children’s tendency to associate novel words with novel refer-ents has been taken to reﬂect a bias toward mutual exclusivity. This tendency may be advantageous both as (1) an ad-hoc referent selection heuristic to single out referents lacking a label and as (2) an organizing principle of lexical acquisition. This paper investigates under which circumstances cross-situational neural models can come to exhibit analogous behavior to children, focusing on these two possibilities and their interaction. To this end, we evaluate neural networks’ on both symbolic data and, as a ﬁrst, on large-scale image data. We ﬁnd that constraints in both learning and selection can foster mutual ex-clusivity, as long as they put words in competition for lexical meaning. For computational models, these ﬁndings clarify the role of available options for better performance in tasks where mutual exclusivity is advantageous. For cognitive research, they highlight latent interactions between word learning, referent selection mechanisms, and the structure of stimuli of varying complexity: symbolic and visual.
Hatred is in the Eye of the Annotator: Hate Speech Classifiers Learn Human-Like Social Stereotypes

Social stereotypes negatively impact individuals’ judgment about different groups and may have a critical role in how people understand language directed toward minority social groups. Here, we assess the role of social stereotypes in the automated detection of hateful language by examining the relation between individual annotator biases and erroneous classification of texts by hate speech classifiers. Specifically, in Study 1 we investigate the impact of novice annotators’ stereotypes on their hate-speech-annotation behavior. In Study 2 we examine the effect of language-embedded stereotypes on expert annotators’ judgements in a large annotated corpus. Finally, in Study 3 we demonstrate how language-embedded stereotypes are associated with systematic prediction errors in a neural-network hate speech classifier. Our results demonstrate that hate speech classifiers learn human-like biases which can further perpetuate social inequalities when propagated at scale. This framework, combining social psychological and computational linguistic methods, provides insights into additional sources of bias in hate speech moderation, informing ongoing debates regarding fairness in machine learning.
Adaptive vs. Fixed Spacing of Learning Items: Evidence from Studies of Learning and Transfer in Chemistry Education

Spacing presentations of learning items across time improves memory relative to massed schedules of practice - the well-known spacing effect. Spaced practice can be further enhanced by adaptively scheduling the presentation of learning items to deliver customized spacing intervals for individual items and learners. ARTS - Adaptive Response-time-based Sequencing (Mettler, Massey, & Kellman 2016) determines spacing dynamically in relation to each learner's ongoing speed and accuracy in interactive learning trials. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ARTS when applied to chemistry nomenclature in community college chemistry courses by comparing adaptive schedules to fixed schedules consisting of continuously expanding spacing intervals. Adaptive spacing enhanced the efficiency and durability of learning, with learning gains persisting after a two-week delay and generalizing to a standardized assessment of chemistry knowledge after 2-3 months. Two additional experiments confirmed and extended these results in both laboratory and community college settings.
Cost-Aware Prediction of Uncorrected DRAM Errors in the Field

This paper presents and evaluates a method to predict DRAM uncorrected errors, a leading cause of hardware failures in large-scale HPC clusters. The method uses a random forest classifier, which was trained and evaluated using error logs from two years of production of the MareNostrum 3 supercomputer. By enabling the system to take measures to mitigate node failures, our method reduces lost compute time by up to 57%, a net saving of 21,000 node–hours per year. We release all source code as open source. We also discuss and clarify aspects of methodology that are essential for a DRAM prediction method to be useful in practice. We explain why standard evaluation metrics, such as precision and recall, are insufficient, and base the evaluation on a cost–benefit analysis. This methodology can help ensure that any DRAM error predictor is clear from training bias and has a clear cost–benefit calculation.
Analysis of dermoscopic characteristic for the differential diagnosis of palmoplantar psoriasis and palmoplantar eczema

Abstract Dermoscopy is a noninvasive diagnostic technique that is of great value for the differential diagnosis of palmoplantar psoriasis and palmoplantar eczema. Considering the particularity of palmoplantar anatomy, the dermoscopic features of psoriasis and eczema in palm region show fewer differences, compared with those in other parts of the body. Only a few studies have examined the palmoplantar region of psoriasis and eczema patients under a dermoscope. A total of 26 patients with palmoplantar psoriasis and 31 patients with palmoplantar eczema were enrolled in our study. Target palmoplantar areas were observed through general observation and under dermoscope. We found that the presence of white scales and a regular arrangement of dots and globular vessels were significantly indicative of palmoplantar psoriasis, while yellowish scales and an irregular arrangement of atypical vessels were significantly indicative of palmoplantar eczema.
Systemic inflammatory status – a bridge between gestational weight gain and neonatal outcomes (STROBE-compliant article)

Abstract Pregnant women with excessive gestational weight gain express an inflammatory status with multiple negative effects on birth outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between gestational weight gain at different gestational ages and inflammatory status in pregnant women and their newborns assessing both interleukin 6 and 8, as well as hepcidin in these couples. Our study included 170 pregnant women and their newborns. Pregnant women were clinically assessed at the end of the 1st trimester and at term, whereas the newborns were assessed over the first 3 days of life. The levels of interleukin 6, 8 and hepcidin were measured in both pregnant women and their newborns. We noticed higher levels of interleukin 6, interleukin 8 and hepcidin in pregnant women at the time of delivery as compared to the end of the 1st trimester. We observed a direct significant correlation between gestational weight gain at the time of delivery and interleukin 8 in both mothers [r = 0.1834, 95% CI: 0.0293–0.3290, (P = .0167)] and newborns [r = 0.1790, 95% CI: 0.0248–0.3249, (P = .0195)]. Our study underlined that a higher gestational weight gain resulted in a significantly higher birth weight [r = 0.2190, 95% CI: 0.0663–0.3617, (P = .0041)]. Our findings suggest that interleukin 8 might be an important indicator of inflammatory status in both mothers and newborns. Moreover, excessive gestational weight gain was associated with an increase in birth weight.
Peripheral T lymphocytes predict the severity and prognosis in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Background: Hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a life-threatening syndrome with high mortality. Biomarkers are urgently needed to predict the prognosis of HBV-ACLF. Recent evidence suggests a key role for immune system in the pathology of HBV-ACLF. Here, we analyzed the correlation between peripheral blood T lymphocytes and the severity and prognosis in HBV-ACLF patients. Method: Sixty-six patients with HBV-ACLF received conventional medical treatments for 4 weeks. Twenty-five healthy subjects and 20 HBV patients were enrolled for comparison. We determined white blood cell count, lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in the blood of all subjects. Their associations with laboratory parameters before or after treatments were statistically analyzed. Result: The results showed that compare normal subjects and chronic hepatitis B patients, HBV-ACLF patients had significantly increased white blood count, CD4+ T cells and decreased lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells, and Treg cells. Correlation analysis showed that white blood cell, lymphocytes, and peripheral T lymphocytes were correlated with prothrombin activity (PTA) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores. After treatment, white blood cell, lymphocytes, and peripheral T lymphocytes were also correlated with PTA and MELD scores. Additionally, total bilirubin (TBIL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), international standard ratio (INR), MELD, and white blood cell count were potential prognostic criteria for HBV-ACLF patients. Conclusion: HBV-ACLF patients had depletion and dysfunction of immune system. Changes of peripheral T lymphocytes were closely related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of disease. Our results may contribute to predict the severity of HBV-ACLF, and provide a prognosis response to improve the treatment of HBV-ACLF.
The effect of oral low molecular weight liquid hyaluronic acid combination with glucosamine and chondroitin on knee osteoarthritis patients with mild knee pain

Abstract Background: The popularity of dietary supplements for knee osteoarthritis (OA) management is on the rise; however, their effects are still debated. Methods: This study aimed to investigate the effect of an oral low molecular weight liquid hyaluronic acid supplement in the treatment of knee OA patients with mild knee pain (visual analogue scale [VAS] ≤ 3) in Taiwan population. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Forty-seven subjects were enrolled and randomly allocated to either the A+HA or the placebo groups. The subjects were required to drink a bottle contained 20 mL of A+HA or placebo daily throughout an 8-week study period. The efficacy was assessed by using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36). Results: At Week 8, significant reductions from baseline in the WOMAC pain (–2.6 ± 1.68, P < .0001), stiffness (–1.2 ± 1.50, P = .007), physical function (–5.8 ± 4.39, P < .0001), and total (–9.4 ± 5.82, P < .0001) scores were observed in the A+HA group but not in the placebo group. Significant differences in the mean change of WOMAC scores from baseline at Week 8 between groups were detected (P < .01). At Week 8, the A+HA group also showed significant improvements in SF-36 physical functioning (2.7 ± 3.10, P = .001) and bodily pain (0.7 ± 1.50, P < .05) domains. Although the A+HA group had a higher increase in the SF-36 total score than the placebo group but the difference was not statistically significant (2.1 ± 12.75 vs 0.3 ± 19.66, P = .12). Conclusions: Oral administration of low molecular weight liquid HA appeared to be effective for knee OA patients with mild knee pain (VAS ≤ 3) in the relief of knee OA symptoms, particularly in pain and physical function. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04352322.
Long-term follow-up after rituximab plus bendamustine in a patient with relapsed or refractory hairy cell leukemia variant

Abstract Introduction: Hairy cell leukemia variant (HCL-v) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder regarded as a splenic B-cell lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable tumor in the 2017 World Health Organization classification of lymphoid tumors. The prognosis of HCL-v is much worse than that of classical hairy cell leukemia and there is no consensus regarding the optimal treatment strategy for HCL-v. For patients with indolent lymphoma, rituximab plus bendamustine (RB) has proven effective in several clinical trials. Thus, RB is expected to be a treatment option for patients with HCL-v, but there have been few reports of its use in these patients. Patient concerns: A 64-year-old man presented with leukocytosis and abnormal lymphocytes in peripheral blood in a medical examination. Computed tomography revealed mild splenomegaly, but no lymph node enlargement. Diagnosis: The patient was initially diagnosed with low-grade B-cell lymphoma. After he experienced a second relapse, his clinical data were reviewed again; subsequently, he was diagnosed with HCL-v on the basis of clinical presentation, flow cytometry findings, and cytogenetic abnormalities. Interventions: The patient was first treated with the cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) regimen. After the regimen was ineffective, he received six cycles of RB. After relapse, the patients received an additional six cycles of RB. Outcomes: The patients exhibited a slight reduction of the abnormal lymphocyte level but insufficient therapeutic efficacy during CHOP therapy. After the first cycle of RB, the patient exhibited an immediate response with the absence of minimal residual disease. He remained relapse-free for approximately 67 months. After a second relapse, complete response was again achieved with the absence of minimal residual disease following RB re-administration. He remained relapse-free for approximately 29 months after the second RB. Conclusion: RB could be a treatment option for patients with relapsed or refractory HCL-v. Further research is needed to establish the optimal treatment regimen for patients of HCL-v.
SpTFS: Sparse Tensor Format Selection for MTTKRP via Deep Learning

Canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD) is one of the most common tensor computations adopted in many scientific applications. The major bottleneck of CPD is matricized tensor times Khatri-Rao product (MTTKRP). To optimize the performance of MTTKRP, various sparse tensor formats have been proposed such as CSF and HiCOO. However, due to the spatial complexity of the tensors, no single format fits all tensors. To address this problem, we propose SpTFS, a framework that automatically predicts the optimal storage format for an input sparse tensor. Specifically, SpTFS leverages a set of sampling methods to lower the sparse tensor to fix-sized matrices and specific features. Then, TnsNet combines CNN and the feature layer to accurately predict the optimal format. The experimental results show that SpTFS achieves prediction accuracy of 92.7% and 96% on CPU and GPU respectively.
Preparation and Absorption Spectra of the Cobalt(III) Complexes of Amino Acids

Three different methods were investigated of the preparation of trisglycinato-, trisalaninato- and trisleucinatocobalt(III). The method using cobalt(III) hydroxide is convenient for the α-form, the method using hexammine-cobalt(III) salt is advantageous for the β-form, and the method using tricarbonatocobaltate(III) gives both forms of the complexes. In addition, two new isomers of [Co en(ata)]·H2O and [Co(NH3)3cit]·H2O having trans-cis and cis-cis configurations with respect to the coordinated atoms were synthesized. By comparing the visible and the ultraviolet absorption spectra, it was concluded that the α-form is a trans-cis isomer and that the β-form is a cis-cis isomer. Thermal decomposition of the complexes was performed in order to estimate the water of crystallization and the stability. The infrared spectra of the complexes were also measured.
Parents scaffold the formation of conversational pacts with their children

Adults readily form pacts, or temporary agreements about referent names, over the course of conversation. Young children fail to do so with peers, but recent evidence suggests that explicit feedback from adults may improve their performance (Matthews, Lieven, & Tomasello, 2007). Do parents naturally provide such structure in their conversations with children? Using a director-matcher paradigm, we first show that parents and children (ages 4, 6, 8) converge on increasingly accurate and efficient conversational pacts. Further, parents of younger children provide more interactive feedback. Finally, we analyze asymmetries in parents’ and children’s contributions, finding that pacts tend to originate with the parent, but are simplified by younger children. Together, these results support the idea that parents sensitively adapt their languageto their children’s developmental level to scaffold successfulcommunication.
Do you want to know a secret? The role of valence and delay in early information preference

People tend to place value on information even when it does not affect the outcome of a decision. Two competing accounts offer explanations for such non-instrumental information seeking. One account foregrounds the role of anticipation and the other focusses on uncertainty aversion. Both accounts make similar predictions for short cueoutcome delays and when outcomes are positively valenced, but they differ in their explanation of information preference at long delays with negative outcomes. We present a series of experiments involving both primary and secondary reinforcers that pit these accounts against each other. The results indicate a consistent preference for non-instrumental information even at long cue-outcome delays and no evidence for information avoidance with negative outcomes. This pattern appears to provide more support for the uncertainty-aversion account than one based on anticipation.
Interleaving facilitates the rapid formation of distributed representations

Distributed representations, in which information is encoded in overlapping populations of neuronal units, are essential to the remarkable success of artiﬁcial neural networks (ANNs) in many domains, and have been posited to be employed throughout the brain, especially in neocortex. A fundamental signature of ANNs employing distributed representations is that learning requires exposure to information in an interleaved order; exposure to new information in a blocked order tends to overwrite prior knowledge (i.e., ’catastrophic interference’). Because it is difﬁcult to match human learning to the learning conditions of these networks, it is not known whether human learning exhibits these properties, which, if true, would implicate use of similar representations. To test this, we leveraged a recent proposal that parts of the hippocampus host distributed representations of the kind typically ascribed to neocortex, and adopted a hippocampally dependent task that contrasts the effects of interleaved versus blocked learning on a short timescale. Experiments 1a and 1b demonstrate that interleaved exposure facilitates the rapid perception of shared structure across items. Experiment 2 shows that only interleaved exposure permits useful inference when item associations need to be inferred based on statistical regularities. Together, these results demonstrate the power of interleaved learning and implicate the use of distributed representations in human rapid learning of structured information.
Sheer Time Spent Expecting or Maintaining a Representation Facilitates Subsequent Retrieval during Sentence Processing

Previous research has shown that modified noun phrases (henceforth NPs) are subsequently retrieved faster than unmodified NPs. This effect is often called the “semantic complexity effect”. However, little is known about its mechanisms and underlying factors. In this study, we tested whether this effect is truly caused by the semantic information added by the modification, or whether it can be explained by the sheer amount of time that the processor spends expecting or maintaining an NP in the encoding phase. The results showed that time spent expecting or maintaining an NP can explain the effect over and above semantic and/or syntactic complexity. Our results challenge the current memory-based mechanisms for the modification effect such as the “distinctiveness” and “head-reactivation” accounts, and offer new and valuable insight into the memory processes during sentence comprehension.
A Resource-Rational Mechanistic Account of Human Coordination Strategies

Humans often coordinate their actions in order to reach a mutually advantageous state. These circumstances are chiefly modeled by coordination games, a well-known class of games extensively studied in behavioral economics. In this work, we present the first resource-rational mechanistic approach to coordination games, showing that a variant of normative expected-utility maximization acknowledging cognitive limitations can account for several major experimental findings on human coordination behavior in strategic settings. Concretely, we show that Nobandegani et al.’s (2018) rational process model, sample-based expected utility, provides a unified account of (1) the effect of time pressure on human coordination, and (2) how systematic variations of riskvs. payoff-dominance affect coordination behavior. Importantly, Harsanyi and Selten’s (1988) theory of equilibrium selection fails to account for (1-2). As such, our work suggests that the optimal use of limited cognitive resources may lie at the core of human coordination behavior. We conclude by discussing the implication of our work for understanding human strategic behavior, moral decision-making, and human rationality.
Intentionality, speaker's attitude and the processing of verbal irony

Does it take more or less time to read ironic sentences than to read literal equivalents? Though this question has been extensively discussed in the literature, the results are mixed(see eg. Filik & Moxey, 2010). The present work attempt to account for the differences in the literature by considering the variable effect of anticipating the intentions of a speaker during comprehension of ironic utterances used to answer yes/no questions, as well as the role of explicit cues regarding the attitude of a speaker. The results show that both of these factors interact and together modulate the interpretation of a sentence as ironic or literal as well as the utterance’s reading times. We interpret the results are broadly in line with the predictions made by the echoic mention account.