Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fósforo na produtividade e qualidade de sementes de feijão Carioca Precoce cultivado no período das águas

-1 ), aplicados no sulco da semeadura na forma de superfosfato triplo, com cinco repeticoes. A produtividade de sementes foi determinada com base na massa das sementes produzidas na area util da parcela experimental. A qualidade das sementes foi avaliada por meio das seguintes determinacoes: massa de 100 sementes, teor de agua, germinacao, primeira contagem, teor de agua apos o envelhecimento acelerado, germinacao apos o envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade eletrica, emergencia de plântulas no campo e massa de materia seca de plântulas. A produtividade de sementes do feijao Carioca Precoce, cultivado no periodo das aguas, aumentou linearmente em funcao do suprimento de P. A massa de 100 sementes e a qualidade fisiologica das sementes nao foram alteradas pelo incremento das doses de P. Palavras-chave - Phaseolus vulgaris L. Adubacao fosfatada. Nutriente. Germinacao. Vigor.
Growth performance, health and behavioural characteristics of Brown Swiss calves fed a limited amount of acidified whole milk

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare performances of 27 Brown Swiss calves (13 male, 14 female) fed acidified whole milk (AM) or sweet whole milk (SM) at 8% of birth weight during 35 days. Daily body weight gains of calves that consumed AM were similar to those for calves fed SM. Overall feed efficiency ratio of AM-fed calves was also similar to those of SM-fed calves. Calf faecal consistency score and percent days with scours (P<0.01) of calves that consumed AM were significantly lower than those offered SM. Some of the behavioural traits such as frequency of daily meals of milk and total time spent consuming milk of calves consuming AM were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of calves fed SM. On the other hand, number of days that assistance was needed to drink milk from open pail for AM-fed calves was higher (P<0.01) than that of calves that consumed SM. The results obtained in this study suggested that feeding AM decreased incidence of scours in young Brown Swiss calves without decreasing growth and feed efficiency.
Effects of altitudinal change on the auditory bulla in Ochotona daurica (Mammalia, Lagomorpha)

The lengths and widths of body parts are influenced to a considerable extent by the environment. Along with increasing altitude, wings of arthropods degenerated or even disappeared so that a trend of degeneration on their acoustic systems appeared. We measured 131 adult skulls of daurian pikas, Ochotona daurica, in order to know whether the degeneration will happen in mammals. Our results show that both the size and relative size of auditory bulla of daurian pikas were negatively correlated with altitude and this change was significant. However, the ear length showed an opposite trend. We suggest that lower oxygen concentration, constantly strong winds and lack of resources at high altitude are responsible for the decrease in the size of the auditory bulla. Besides thermoregulation for large different temperatures of day and night in high altitude, larger external ears of the pika help detect the direction of the predator and could compensate for a relatively small bulla. Resume L'environnement a un grand impact sur les longueur et les largeurs du corps des aminaux. Avec l'altitude croissante, les ailes des arthropodes se sont degenerees voire disparus. Cela entraine; ne la degeneration de leur systeme accoustique. Nous avons mesure 131 crane; nes d'adulte des pikas daurian, daurica d'Ochotona pour savoir si la degeneration se produira ou non dans les mamiferes. Le resultat nous montre que la taille et la taille relative du bulla auditif des pikas daurian ont ete negativement correlees avec l'altitude et ce changement etait crucial. Par contre, la longueur d'oreille a montre le contraire. Nous pensons que l'oxygene inferieur, les vents constamment forts et le manque de la nourriture sont les causes principales de la dimunition de la taille auditive de bulla. Sans compter la thermoregulation pour adapter jour et nuit au grand changement de temperature d'altitude elevee, les grandes oreilles externes de pika ont egalement des avantages a distinguer la direction du predateur. Ce pourrait etre une compensation d'un bulla relativement petit.
Altered Circadian Period of Locomotor Activity in Carbonic Anhydrase II-Deficient Mice

This study finds lengthened circadian period in a congenic strain of mice homozygous for a null mutation in carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme-II gene on proximal Chromosome 3. Carbonic anhydrase II has the highest turnover rate of any constitutive enzyme. It catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to control intercellular acid/base balance. A strain of congenic mice has a carbonic anhydrase II null mutation within a DBA/2J inbred strain insert on a C57BL/6J inbred strain background. The locomotor activity levels and period of circadian rhythms were examined in the homozygous null mutants and their progenitors, mice heterozygous for the region around the carbonic anhydrase gene. The heterozygous mice siblings and the wild-type siblings served as the controls. During behavioral studies, male and female offspring and parents were housed singly in constant darkness. Locomotor activity was monitored using an infrared photobeam array. Mice homozygous for the carbonic anhydrase null mutation had a longer.
Revision of the genus Philoplitis Nixon (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae)

Th e genus Philoplitis Nixon is revised. Th ree new species, P. masneri Fernández-Triana & Goulet, sp. n. , P. punctatus Fernández-Triana & Goulet, sp. n. , and P. striatus Fernández-Triana & Goulet, sp. n. are described, and a key is provided to the World species. Th e genus, previously known only from the Oriental region, is here recorded from the Afrotropical region. Evidence suggests that its included species are broadly found in rainforest areas of the Old World tropics. Clarifi cation and suggestions about some character states previously used with Philoplitis within the context of Microgastrinae phylogenetic studies are also provided.
Habitat relationships of Chamaecyparis nootkatensis in southern Washington, Oregon, and California.

Chamaecyparis nootkatensis is uncommon south of Mount Rainier, Washington. It occurs almost exclusively above 1100 m elevation and occasionally reaches timberline. Populations are generally adjacent to open habitats such as meadows, rocky ridges, avalanche tracks, bogs, and lakeshores. The species rarely grows in extensive tracts of closed-canopy forest. In 75 sample plots, 387 vascular species occurred, including indicators of both very wet and dry environments. Judging from the accompanying flora, the topographic locations occupied, and water potential data, C. nootkatensis can grow throughout much of the range of moisture conditions present at high elevations in the Cascade Mountains from central Oregon north. Chamaecyparis nootkatensis varies in growth form from a shrub to a tree 50 m tall. Layering produced the majority of small stems on most sites; it facilitates expansion both on open sites and of shrub-form plants in the forest. Chamaecyparis nootkatensis establishes some seedlings and is shade to.
Temperature‐dependent post‐diapause development and prediction of spring emergence of the pine needle gall midge (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae)

Abstract: We determined the influence of temperature on post‐diapause development of overwintered Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae) under various treatments (12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30°C) in an effort to predict its spring emergence. Survival and developmental period for the overwintered larvae and pupae were significantly influenced by temperature. Linear and nonlinear regression models quantitatively described temperature‐dependent development and survival of T. japonensis. The survival models exhibited right‐skewed bell shape patterns for all stages, indicating a more detrimental impact on survival at high temperatures. Theoretical optimum temperatures with highest survival were 22.3, 24.0 and 24.0°C for the overwintered larvae, pupae and total post‐diapause development (the larvae to adults) respectively. Pupal mortality was higher at all temperatures than larval mortality and the suitable range of temperature for pupae was narrower than that of larvae. The nonlinear Briere model estimated that optimum temperatures with the fastest development were 29.1°C for larvae, 27.6°C for pupae and 27.0°C for larvae to adults. In a linear model, the lower threshold temperatures were 5.1, 7.1 and 5.9°C for larvae, pupae, and larvae to adults respectively. A predictive degree‐day model was developed using trap catches of T. japonensis adult emergence during 1991–1995. The model accounted for 84.6% of year‐to‐year variation in adult emergence and predicted accurately the median emergence time in 1996.
EVIDENCE FOR KINESIN‐ AND DYNEIN‐LIKE PROTEIN FUNCTION IN CIRCULAR NUCLEAR MIGRATION IN THE GREEN ALGA PLEURENTERIUM TUMIDUM: DIGITAL TIME LAPSE ANALYSIS OF INHIBITOR EFFECTS 1

The unicellular green alga Pleurenterium tumidum Bréb. performs a unique type of circular nuclear migration, wherein the nucleus leaves its central position and starts revolutions in the cortical isthmus area about 10 h after mitosis. This motion lasts for at least 12 h with an average velocity of about 1 h per revolution. Possible force generation modes during circular nuclear migration of Pleurenterium were investigated by application of inhibitors and the use of digital time‐lapse video microscopy. 5′‐Adenylylimidodiphosphate, a nonhydrolyzable nucleotide analogue, retarded or inhibited circular nuclear migration, suggesting that ATPase dependent motor proteins are involved. Ado‐ ciasulfate‐2, a kinesin specific inhibitor, caused displacement of the nucleus, suggesting that the linkage between the microtubule track and the nucleus is lost. The nucleus was still able to move for short distances, but no normal revolutions took place. Erythro‐9‐[3‐(2‐hydroxynonyl)] adenine, a dynein ATPase inhibitor, led to complete inhibition of nuclear revolutions, suggesting a function in force generation also for this molecular motor. In addition, kinesin‐ and dynein‐like proteins were detected in Pleurenterium extracts by Western blotting. The myosin specific inhibitor 2,3‐butanedione 2‐monoxime did not influence circular nuclear migration in Pleurenterium. This result and the absence of actin filaments around the migrating nucleus as depicted by means of microinjection of Alexa phalloidin in the present study indicate that the actin‐myosin system can be excluded from force generation.
Fibre Development in Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as Affected by Agrotechnique

Abstract This paper reports the preliminary results of a microscopic study carried out on stem cross sections of hemp. Stems were harvested from two field experiments carried out in 2001 and 2002 in the north of Italy to compare the monoecious genotype Futura 75 over four plant populations. Fibre characteristics such as cell shape, diameter, maturation and quantity of secondary fibre tended to vary with harvest time, plant density, and between and within internodes. After the end of internode elongation, fibre cells changed from oblong to round shaped and fibre maturation started and progressed to a maximum level. At various moments of the growing cycle, fibre maturity and presence of secondary fibre seemed higher at lower internodes and plant densities.
Loss of a dominant nitrogen‐fixing shrub in primary succession: consequences for plant and below‐ground communities

1. Many ecosystems are gaining some species and losing others, leading to large shifts in community composition. Plants that support nitrogen (N)‐fixing symbionts (hereafter N‐fixers) are major ecosystem drivers but human‐induced environmental changes can lead to their loss; the impacts of this loss have seldom been studied. In New Zealand, the gain of some invasive herbivorous mammals leads to the loss of N‐fixing shrubs that are pioneers during primary succession.
Comunicação entre a bursa sinovial do osso navicular e a articulação interfalangeana distal em eqüinos

The anaesthesic blocks are important in the diagnose of lameness in equines, and an alternative to anaesthesias in several procedures. In this experiment, nine crossbred equines were utilized. It was given 3ml lipoidol 50% in the navicular bone synovial bursa in all animals, with the purpose of evaluating the existence of communication between the navicular bone synovial bursa and distal interphalangeal joint. In 33,3% of the cases it was observed contrast in the dorsal region of the distal interphalangeal joint after its administration in the synovial bursa of the navicular bone. The communication occured only in the adult animals.
Macrobenthic fauna of Kaptai lake (Bangladesh)

Functional role of benthic communities in the trophic dynamics of reservoir ecosystems is well known. The Kaptai lake (lat. 22° 20- 23° 18' N, long. 92° 00'-92° 26' E) was the result of the construction of a dam across the river Kamafuli at Kaptai in 1961. Occupying an average area of 58 300 ha with a water reserve of 524.7 x 107 m3, it is the biggest man-made lake in South-East Asia (Fernando 1980). Although made primarily for hydroelectric power generation, it is used for freshwater fish production, navigation, irrigation and flood control also. The maximum and mean depth of the lake arc 32 m and 9 m, respectively, with a mean annual water level fluctuation of 8.14 m (Aquatic Research Group 1986).
Seasonal changes in serum glucose and condition of the plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L.

Monthly sampling of plaice caught off the north-east coast of Scotland between February 1983 and May 1984 revealed a seasonal increase in condition factor, hepatosomatic index and serum glucose, which appeared to be related to the period of active feeding. The spleen indices followed a similar seasonal increase, although this was not statistically significant, while the kidney indices showed little change over the 16 months. The peak for the gonadosomatic index was in February/March 1984, but among these plaice (aged 4–5 years) there were still large numbers of immature males and females and there was no increase in 1983. Apart from the hepatosomatic index for January 1984, there was no significant difference between male and female plaice.
Urinary excretion of purine derivatives in dry buffalo and Fresian cows

Abstract Aim of this paper was to compare urinary purine derivatives (PD) excretion in Italian Mediterranean dairy buffaloes and Fresian dairy cows during dry period. Six buffalo and six dairy cows at about 60 days to delivery were housed in individual cages and fed the same diet. Feed intake was monitored daily. After a period of adaptation, total daily urine was collected, weighed, sampled in test-tubes and frozen up to HPLC analysis. During the urine recovery period the daily feed intake was higher for dairy cows (kg/DM 9.0 vs 7.6) even if differences were not significant due to the high individual variability. Urine excretion was significantly (P<0.01) higher in buffaloes than in cow. Total urinary excretion of PD in buffalo was 11% of that of dairy cow (23.707 mmol/l vs 2.711 mmo/l in dairy and buffalo cows, respectively), however the incidence of uric acid was similar in both species. In order to explain the low concentrations of PD in the urine of buffaloes, we investigated also the presence of allantoic acid, final product of purine degradation in several fish species. However it was not detected.
Life history plasticity to combined time and biotic constraints in Lestes damselflies from vernal and temporary ponds

Little is known about the ecological correlates and macro-evolution of life history plasticity to time constraints. Here, we compared age and mass at emergence and their plasticity toward combinations of time constraints (delayed larval development), food level and predation risk (caged dragonfly larvae) by rearing two temporary-pond Lestes damselflies (L. congener and L. forcipatus) and the derived vernal-pond L. dryas from the eggs until adult emergence in outdoor tubs. Life history plasticity under time constraints, low food and predation risk was as predicted by optimality models. Delayed larvae in all three species accelerated development and showed a lower fat content and a substantially elevated mortality rate. At low food, all species emerged later at a smaller mass. Also under predation risk adults of all species emerged later, and (at high food) at a smaller mass. Unexpectedly, delayed larvae did not show a smaller life history response to predation risk imposed by dragonfly larvae. Compared to the two temporary-pond Lestes studied, the derived species that invaded more ephemeral vernal ponds showed a faster development rate and a lower deceleration of development to low food. It also showed a lower acceleration of development to time constraints, possibly reflecting that it reached development rates near to its physiological maximum. Unexpectedly, the vernal-pond Lestes did not slow its development less under predation risk. Our results stress the importance of evaluating ecological and evolutionary correlates of life history plasticity under as realistic conditions as possible.
Predation capacity of two predatory laelapid mites on soil‐dwelling thrips stages

The life cycle of the Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), one of the most important glasshouse pests, includes a soil passage composed of three instars that deserve more attention in terms of biocontrol strategies. It has been repeatedly reported that two polyphagous predatory mites, Stratiolaelaps miles (Berlese) and Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) aculeifer (Canestrini) (Acari: Laelapidae), also prey on these thrips stages, in addition to several other soil inhabiting prey species. However, the potential thrips consumption rates have never been quantified for these predatory mites. Therefore, an arena experiment was carried out to investigate the potential predation rates of the two mites on second instar larvae, prepupae, and pupae of F. occidentalis. In addition, the fecundity on the thrips diet was assessed and compared to oviposition rate on a nematode prey. All thrips instars were accepted as prey by each mite species. Females of H. aculeifer preyed on 3.5 (± 0.5) thrips instars and laid 2.5 (± 0.87) eggs per day, whereas females of S. miles preyed on 1.64 (± 0.3) thrips and laid 0.8 (± 0.53) eggs. Males of both species killed 0.6 (± 0.3) thrips per day. The fitness of the two predatory mites on F. occidentalis as prey and their suitability as biocontrol agents are elucidated. Reasons for reduced thrips control in the soil environment, in contrast to the results obtained in arena assays are discussed.
α-Adrenergic regulation of systemic peripheral resistance and blood flow distribution in the turtle Trachemys scripta during anoxic submergence at 5°C and 21°C

SUMMARY Anoxic exposure in the anoxia-tolerant freshwater turtle is attended by substantial decreases in heart rate and blood flows, but systemic blood pressure (Psys) only decreases marginally due to an increase in systemic peripheral resistance (Rsys). Here, we investigate the role of the α-adrenergic system in modulating Rsys during anoxia at 5°C and 21°C in the turtle Trachemys scripta, and also describe how anoxia affects relative systemic blood flow distribution (%Q̇sys) and absolute tissue blood flows. Turtles were instrumented with an arterial cannula for measurement of Psys and ultrasonic flow probes on major systemic blood vessels for determination of systemic cardiac output (Q̇sys). α-Adrenergic tone was assessed from vascular injections of α-adrenergic agonists and antagonists (phenylephrine and phentolamine, respectively) during normoxia and following either 6 h (21°C) or 12 days (5°C) of anoxic submergence. Coloured microspheres, injected through a left atrial cannula during normoxia and anoxia, as well as after α-adrenergic stimulation and blockade during anoxia at both temperatures, were used to determine relative and absolute tissue blood flows. Anoxia was associated with an increased Rsys and functional α-adrenergic vasoactivity at both acclimation temperatures. However, while anoxia at 21°C was associated with a high systemicα -adrenergic tone, the progressive increase of Rsys at 5°C was not mediated by α-adrenergic control. A redistribution of blood flow away from ancillary vascular beds towards more vital circulations occurred with anoxia at both acclimation temperatures. %Q̇sys and absolute blood flow were reduced to the digestive and urogenital tissues (approximately 2- to 15-fold), while %Q̇sys and absolute blood flows to the heart and brain were maintained at normoxic levels. The importance of liver and muscle glycogen stores in fueling anaerobic metabolism were indicated by increases in %Q̇sys to the muscle at 21°C (1.3-fold) and liver at 5°C (1.7-fold). As well, the crucial importance of the turtle shell as a buffer reserve during anoxic submergence was indicated by 40-50% of Q̇sys being directed towards the shell during anoxia at both 5°C and 21°C. α-Adrenergic stimulation and blockade during anoxia caused few changes in %Q̇sys and absolute tissue blood flow. However, there was evidence of α-adrenergic vasoactivity contributing to blood flow regulation to the liver and shell during anoxic submergence at 5°C.
Scale structure and taxonomy of some species of Raphidocystis, Raphidiophrys, and Pompholyxophrys (Heliozoea) including descriptions of six new taxa

Sixteen taxa of the genera Raphidocystis, Raphidiophrys, and Pompholyxophrys from freshwater habitats in Canada, Chile, and New Zealand were studied by light and electron microscopy. Six taxa are described as new: Raphidocystis glabra, Raphidiophrys minuta, Raphidiophrys orbicularis ssp. orbicularis, R. orbicularis ssp. ovalis, Pompholyxophrys stellata, and P. ossea. New information on scale structure and arrangement based on scanning and transmission electron microscopy amplifies the taxonomic descriptions of Raphidiophrys ambigua, R. pallida, R. elegans, R. intermedia, R. marginata, R. symmetrica, Pompholyxophrys punicea, P. exigua, and P. ovuligera, which were previously imperfectly known by light microscopy only.
Light requirements for photosynthesis and growth in several macroalgae from a small soft-water stream in the Spessart Mountains, Germany

Abstract Fluence rate-response curves (P vs I curves) were measured in several species of stream macroalgae from laboratory culture and from a small soft-water stream. Photosynthesis of laboratory-grown algae was light saturated at 24 μmol photons m−2 s−1 of white light in Klebsormidium rivulare (Kutzing) Morison et Sheath, at 25.51 μmol m−2 s−1 in Batrachospermum helminthosum Bory emend. Sheath et al., at 35 μmol m−2 s−1 in Balbiania investiens (Lenormand) Sirodot (cultivated at 4 μmol m−2 s−1), at 42 μmol m−2 s−1 in Microspora quadrata Hazen, at 60 μmol m−2 s −1 in Vaucheria bursata (O.F. Muller) C. Agardh (= V. sessilis De Candolle), Stigeoclonium tenue (C. Agardh) Kutzing, Audouinella hermannii (Roth) Duby in De Candolle, Balbiania investiens (cultivated at 40 μmol m −2 s−1) and at 67 μmol m−2 s−1 in Cladophora glomerata (Linnaeus) Kutzing. Photosynthesis of algae taken from the Bieber stream was light saturated at significantly higher photon irradiances of 115 μmol m−2 s−1 in Batrachospermum helminth.