Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic relatedness and the breeding structure of the Japanese paper wasp, Polistes jadwigae

Genetic relatedness and the breeding structure of a Japanese paper wasp. Polistes jadwigae, population was studied using electrophoresis ol adults collected from 1985 to 1988. Mean genetic relatedness among female offspring was estimated to be 0.729 when data for 4 years were combined. This value was not significantly different from a hypothetical value (0.75) for the case where one single-mated queen is the mother of all female progeny. No sign of inbreeding was detected. Mating frequency of queens estimated by using the goodness of fit test on Chi-square distribution and the ANOVA method, also suggests that it was most probable that female progeny of P. jadwigae colonies were produced by a single queen mated only once.
Características morfológícas y patogénicas de aislamientos de Septoria tritici Rob ex Desm

Resumen — Se analizo el comportamiento cultural y patogenicos de 8 aislamientos de Septoria tritici obtenidos a partir de hojas de trigo colectadas en el campo e infectadas naturalmente. Los diversos aislamientos monosporicos pueden diferenciarse en cultivo artificial por su aspecto, la produccion de esporas, la presencia o ausencia de micelio, y el color y la frecuencia de saltaciones observadas en las colonias. Las cepas varian tanto en la abundancia como en el tipo de las esporas producidas bajo condiciones similares. Ademas de las picnidiosporas de forma y tamano tipicos de la especie, algunas cepas produjeron solo esporas libres muy pequenas (microsporas), y otras, macro y microsporas dentro des picnidios. Los tipos culturales predominantes de los aislamientos fueron 5: - estromatico (mayor frecuencia), - albino pulverulento, - levaduroide, - mixto y - miceliar.
Filipino Pre‐service Education Students' Preconceptions of Teacher Roles Viewed through a Metaphorical Lens

Premised on the belief that students who enter teacher education programs bring with them a schema of teaching which serves as reference points for understanding new experiences, this study explored Filipino pre‐service teachers' preconceptions on teacher roles through a metaphorical lens, with 125 sophomore and junior students from a comprehensive university in the Philippines as its subjects. Data came from actual drawings and written explanations, which were done by the subjects to represent their ideas on what a teacher is. Each subject was allowed time to show his/her work to a group and to discuss it orally. The metaphoric images were listed, tallied, analysed and categorised to show meaningful patterns and themes. Results showed that preconceptions converged into five clusters: knowledge source, direction‐setter, character formatter, change agent and learner. Metaphors used were predominantly instructivist or teacher‐centered, with some emerging constructivist or learner‐centered leanings. The study offered possible explanations for these preconceptions, and their implications on teacher education programs.
Size‐Dependent Female Mate Copying in the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata): Large Females are Role Models but Small Ones are not

Previous work on guppies has shown that small females copy the mate-choice decisions of larger females, but not vice versa. We extended this work to ask, when put in a situation where they have little information available to distinguish between males, whether large females will also copy large females, and small females will copy small ones. Using Dugatkin's criteria, our study suggests that large females copy the mate-choice decisions of large females, that small females might copy the decisions of large females, but that neither small nor large females copy small females. Our results provide support for the notion that females are more likely to copy when they perceive that there is an imbalance between their ability to assess a male's quality and the ability of another female to assess that male. However, we did not find evidence of mate copying using criteria used by other researchers.
The Territory Defense Function of Song in Song Sparrows: A Test with the Speaker Occupation Design

Territory defense is considered one of the primary functions of bird song, but this hypothesis has been directly tested in only a few cases. We used the speaker replacement method to ask whether song functions as a 'keep out' signal in song sparrows, a species for which there is considerable evidence supporting a mate attraction and stimulation function of song, but only indirect evidence that song functions as a signal to other males. We removed 11 matched pairs of male song sparrows from their territories, replacing one male of each matched pair with loudspeakers broadcasting that male's song (the 'experimental' territory) while leaving the other male's territory silent (the 'control' territory). In all cases in which encroachments or takeovers occurred, these occurred first (or solely) on the control territory of a matched pair, supporting the hypothesis that song functions in territory defense in this species. The incidence of intrusions on control territories was very low, however, posing difficulties for the interpretation of speaker replacement experiments designed to ask more specific questions about how song functions in male-male aggressive competition.
Summer Stream Water Temperature Models for Great Lakes Streams: New York

Abstract Temperature is one of the most important environmental influences on aquatic organisms. It is a primary driver of physiological rates and many abiotic processes. However, despite extensive research and measurements, synoptic estimates of water temperature are not available for most regions, limiting our ability to make systemwide and large-scale assessments of aquatic resources or estimates of aquatic species abundance and biodiversity. We used subwatershed averaging of point temperature measurements and associated multiscale landscape habitat conditions from over 3,300 lotic sites throughout New York State to develop and train artificial neural network models. Separate models predicting water temperature (in cold, cool, and warm temperature classes) within small catchment–stream order groups were developed for four modeling units, which together encompassed the entire state. Water temperature predictions were then made for each stream segment in the state. All models explained more than 90% of d.
Increase in respiratory rate during feeding in larvae of the cinnabar moth Tyria jacobaeae

ABSTRACT. This study tested the effect of diet and phase of the feeding cycle on oxygen consumption by fifth‐instar larvae of the cinnabar moth Tyria jacobaeae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). There was no significant variation in respiratory rates among larvae fed different diets, which were floral parts, upper, middle and lower leaves of the host plant tansy ragwort, Senecio jacobaea. The respiratory rates (x̄x± 95% Cl μlO2h‐1) of feeding larvae (279.5 ± 30.9) were higher than those of larvae at rest (179.7 ± 12.2), but were not significantly different from those of larvae in the post‐ingestive phase (272.8 ± 35.8).
PPAR-γ Gene Expression Is Elevated in Skeletal Muscle of Obese and Type II Diabetic Subjects

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor PPAR-γ has been identified as a nuclear receptor for thiazolidenediones, which are compounds with insulin-sensitizing properties in several tissues, including skeletal muscle. To determine whether this receptor is expressed and possibly involved in insulin action/resistance in skeletal muscle, PPAR-γ mRNA abundance and its regulation by insulin were quantified in muscle tissue and cultures from lean and obese nondiabetic and type II diabetic subjects using competitive reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In muscle biopsy specimens, PPAR-γ mRNA was elevated in obese nondiabetic and type II diabetic subjects (23.4 ± 4.2 and 28.0 ± 5.69 × 103 copies/µg total RNA, respectively; both P < 0.05) compared with lean nondiabetic control subjects (9.4 ± 2.3 × 103 copies/µg total RNA). Significant positive correlations were present among skeletal muscle PPAR-γ mRNA levels, BMI (r = 0.67, P < 0.01), and fasting insulin concentration (r = 0.76, P < 0.001). PPAR-γ mRNA levels were also elevated in muscle cultures from type II diabetic subjects compared with lean nondiabetic control subjects (330.1 ± 52.9 vs. 192.1 ± 27.0 × 103 copies/µg total RNA, P < 0.05). Insulin stimulation of muscle tissue (by hyperinsulinemic- euglycemic clamp for 3–4 h) or muscle cultures (30 nmol/1 for 120 min) stimulated PPAR-γ mRNA expression up to fourfold (10.0 ± 2.7 to 41.3 ± 7.4 × 103 copies/µg total RNA, P < 0.05, and 174.9 ± 56.9 to 268.2 ± 78.6 × 103 copies/µg total RNA, P < 0.05, respectively). In summary, PPAR-γ mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle is acutely regulated by insulin and is increased in both obese nondiabetic and type II diabetic subjects in direct relation to BMI and fasting insulinemia. We conclude that abnormalities of PPAR-γ may be involved in skeletal muscle insulin resistance of obesity and type II diabetes.
The Functions of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Gene and Its Derivative Peptides: II Experimental Evidence and Clinical Studies

In vitro studies suggest Amyloid Precursor Protein Gene (APP) is involved in interaction with the extracellular matrix, neurite growth, adhesion, development, synaptic function, platelet function, and interaction with GTP binding proteins. In vivo experiments show a role in embryonic development, response to cerebral excitotoxicity and gliosis, response to brain injury including ischaemia, hypothalamic function, locomotor function, learning and memory. In vitro observations indicate Aβ has a role in amyloid formation, excitotoxic neuronal injury, tachykinin interaction, endothelial vasoconstrictor response, calcium and oxidative stress, free radical interaction, cell membrane fluidity, apoptosis, astrocyte stimulation, and microglial interaction. Other studies suggest important roles for Aβ oligomers in synaptic function and as an antimicrobial peptide. In vivo investigations show involvement in memory function, the blood brain barrier, and tachykinin response to cerebral injury.
Effects of Oral Antibiotics or Bovine Plasma on Survival, Health and Growth in Dairy Calves Challenged with Escherichia coli

Thirty-six Holstein bull calves were fed experimental milk replacers (454 g/day1) containing 20% crude protein and 20% fat. Milk replacers contained no additives, antibiotics (800 mg neomycin (as neomycin sulfate) and 400 mg oxytetracycline daily replacing dried whey, or 3.3% spray dried bovine plasma replacing whey protein concentrate. Calves were orally challenged with approximately 108 colony forming units (CFU) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on day 3. No veterinary treatments or supportive therapy were provided during the study. Calf body weight (BW) was determined weekly and average daily BW gain was calculated. Clinical scores were determined daily for fecal consistency, attitude and hydration. All clinical scores responded to oral E. coli challenge. Provision of antibiotics and animal plasma had no effect on fecal consistency but improved attitude and hydration scores, body weight gain and tended to reduce overall mortality. Spray dried animal plasma appears to be a viable alternative to antibiotics in calf milk replacer applications.
Export Potential of Environmental Goods in India: A Gravity Model Analysis

Abstract The paper of this estimates the export potential of environmental goods in India using the gravity model analysis. This model has been estimated using the ordinary least square (OLS) technique with a panel data for 58 sample countries from the period between 1991 and 2011. Dependent variable in the estimation was export of environmental goods from India. The gravity equation fits well with the data and delivers precise and plausible income and distance elasticities, which estimates for other geographical, historical and cultural characteristics. In effect, the results show that India's export volume is determined by the economic size (GDP) of the importing country. India's bilateral trade is also positively and significantly influenced by the common colonizer and membership in bilateral trade agreements. The estimation of this gravity model also shows that the potential for expansion of export is highest with Japan and China. It also indicates that India can potentially attain ten times or more the level of an actual export with countries like Netherlands and Pakistan.
Bryophyte Tree of Life: the current state of phylogenetic reconstruction in mosses

Bryophyte Tree of Life: the current state of phylogenetic reconstruction in mosses Sanna Huttunen, Neil Bell, Michael Stech, Dietmar Quandt University of Turku, Finland, Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Finland, Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Section NHN, Leiden University, The Netherlands, NeesInstitute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Germany
Reproductive performance and milk production of the improved Awassi breed as compared with its crosses with the Booroola Merino

Ovulation rate, embryo survival, lamb production, lamb survival and milk production of Awassi and BooroolaAwassi crossbred ewes, kept indoors, were compared. Awassi were non-carriers while Booroola × Awassi (F 1 ) and about half of 3/4 Awassi-1/4 Booroola (BQ) ewes were heterozygous at the FecB gene. Mean ovulation rate increased by 1·5 to 1·6 corpora lutea per ewe ovulating and prolificacy by 0·7 lambs born per ewe lambing in Fj and BC 1 (B+) ewes as compared with Awassi. Embryo survival rates in BC 1 ewes with two, three and four ovulations were 0·83, 0·68 and 0·71, respectively. Lamb survival rates at 1 day of age were 0·93, 0·90 and 0·77 and average birth weight was 4·9, 4·0 and 3·0 kg for lambs born as singles, twins and triplets, respectively. Average milk production of the Awassi was 506 I per ewe per lactation. F 1 and BC 1 ewes produced respectively, proportionately 0·48 and 0·63 of the Awassi milk production and there was no significant difference in milk production between BC 1 ,(B+) and BC 1 (++) ewes. The relatively low milk production of the Booroola Awassi crosses suggests that heterosis and recombination effects on milk production were negative. It is concluded that incorporation of the B allele per se can increase lamb production in the Awassi without affecting its milk production.
A review of wheat cultivars grown in the Canadian prairies

Wheat is Canada's largest crop with most of the production in the western Canadian prairie provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. Since wheat production started in western Canada, over 100 yr ago, market classes of hexaploid spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were the dominant type of wheat, although production of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn. )] has grown significantly over this period, and hexaploid winter wheat was grown on a relatively small portion of the wheat area. Within hexaploid wheat there has been diversification into a number of market classes based on different end-use quality criteria. The predominant spring bread wheat class has been the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) class. A few cultivars were grown extensively over a long period of time, such as the CWRS wheat Thatcher, which was the dominant cultivar from 1939 to 1968, and Kyle, which was the leading Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD) cultivar from 1988 to 2004. Other cultivars dominated pa.
VARIATION IN THE ADVERTISEMENT CALL IN THE FOAM-NESTING TREEFROG RHACOPHORUS ARBOREUS

ABSTRACT Variations in the temporal and spectral characters of advertisement calls by males of the foam-nesting treefrog Rhacophorus arboreus were studied. The advertisement calls had 2 to 6 notes. The interval between notes became longer within a single call. The interval between notes was negatively correlated with temperature but not correlated with body size (snout-vent length, body weight or mouth width). The frequency of a note became higher within a single call. Snout-vent length, body weight and mouth width were negatively correlated with the frequency. However, snout-vent length and body weight were correlated with the frequency of the call in different ways.
Diversity and Age Patterns in Hermatypic Corals

Stehli, Francis G. and John W. Wells (Dept. of Geology, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, Ohio 44106 and Dept. of Geol. Sciences, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. 14850) 1971. Diversity and patterns in hermatypic corals. Syst. Zool. , 20:115-126. -Diversity and average generic age distributions for hermatypic corals show that while the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific faunas have evolved at different rates and in some respects have long been isolated systems, many responses to environment are the same. In each ocean, the diversity is highest north of the equator and in the western portion of the ocean. Positive anomalies in mean annual sea surface temperature are closely associated with maximum diversity and with minimum average generic age and a general relationship between both parameters and the area suitable for hermatypic coral growth is also evident. The data suggest that evolution of new genera is proceeding most rapidly in the regions of warmest water, but it is not possible to separate from the temperature relationship the affect of area of favorable bottom which cannot yet be quantified. [Species diversity; generic age; hermatypic corals. ]
Gelation and gel properties of soybean glycinin in a transglutaminase-catalyzed system

Gelation of glycinins as catalyzed by transglutaminase was investigated. The surface lysine and glutamine residues of glycinin increased with heating. In the gelation of native and heat-treated glycinins catalyzed by transglutaminase, the formation of E-(γ-glutamyl)lysyl cross-links was proportional to the amount of their surface lysine and glutamine residues. Both the acidic and basic subunits participated in the gelation of heat-treated glycinins, while most of the basic subunits did not in the case of native glycinin. Glycinin heated in the presence and absence of N-ethylmaleimide exhibited linear strands of aggregates and branched strands or small aggregates, respectively, and formed hard and elastic gels having a well cross-linked network or soft and viscous gels having a poor network structure, respectively
Damage

While the figure of the ‘shell-shocked’ veteran of the First World War is a customary archetype in histories of that conflict, the soldier suffering from ‘war neurosis’ in the aftermath of the Second World War is a less familiar character in accounts of that era. Yet as I argue in this article, in the Australian context medical and popular ideas about the ‘war neurotic’ serviceman – in particular, the notion that he was irreparably psychologically damaged and socially maladjusted – serve as a useful index of broader anxieties about the process of postwar repatriation and notions of home in the immediate postwar years. This article has been peer-reviewed.
Dinâmica da comunidade lenhosa de um Cerrado Típico na região Nordeste do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil

The objective of the study was to investigate changes in the woody plant community in a four-year period. It was established 50 permanent plots of 10 × 10 m and all individuals with diameter above ground 30 cm (DAG 30 cm) > 5 cm were sampled in 2002 and 2006. In the inventory of January 2002, were found 945 individuals belonging to 77 species, 65 genera and 35 families and in January 2006, were 1,106 individuals, 80 species, 66 genera and 36 families. Community species diversity and diameter structure did not change within the period. Mortality rates (4.01% year-1) and basal area losses (0.68% year-1) were offset by recruitment (6.67% year-1) and gain (2.26% year-1), indicating community maintenance as stable apparently. The periodic annual increment (PAI) of the community was 0.31 cm year-1, being overcome by the PAI of Euplassa inaequalis, Kielmeyera rubriflora and Byrsonima coccolobifolia (0.72, 0.49 and 0.47 cm year-1, respectively), indicating the growth potential of such species as important for recovery strategies on degraded areas. The absence of fire during the study period may have been the main factor behind the dynamics of the vegetation of the studied cerrado, favoring the establishment of some woody species and providing increase in density and biomass.
Wood and fibre productivity potential of promising new eucalypt species for coastal Zululand, South Africa

Summary In South Africa pressure is increasing to improve the quantity and quality of eucalypt wood being produced from the existing forestry land base, and to identify species that would enable profitable forestry on land currently considered marginal. In a series of site x species interaction trials established on the Zululand coastal plain during 1992, alternative eucalypt species were compared with a number of commercial eucalypt species and clones at three sites. At rotation age of 7 y, the wood and fibre productivity of the five most promising new species, namely Corymbia henryi, C. citriodora ssp. citriodora. Eucalyptus longirostrata, E. pilularis and E. tereticornis, was assessed at two of the sites. On the basis of merchantable wood production, E. longirostrata Monto provenance showed excellent potential for high productivity (wet) sites on the Zululand coastal plain, and C. citriodora ssp. citriodora and C. henryi excellent potential for marginal (moderately dry) sites. On the basis of fibre production, E. longirostrata Monto and C. henryi showed excellent potential for high productivity sites, and C. citriodora ssp. citriodora and C. henryi excellent potential for marginal sites. Eucalyptus longirostrata could be a good partner for E. grandis and E. urophylla for the production of hybrids better adapted to the range of environmental conditions in coastal Zululand than either of the latter two species. In such hybrid combinations, the high basic wood density of E. longirostrata could be of advantage to the local hardwood woodchip export industry.
Composition of Fish Communities in a European Macrotidal Salt Marsh (the Mont Saint-Michel Bay, France)

At least 100 fish species are known to be present in the intertidal areas (estuaries, mudflats and salt marshes) of Mont Saint-Michel Bay. These and other comparable shallow marine coastal waters, such as estuaries and lagoons, play a nursery role for many fish species. However, in Europe little attention has been paid to the value of tidal salt marshes for fishes. Between March 1996 and April 1999, 120 tides were sampled in a tidal creek. A total of 31 species were caught. This community was largely dominated by mullets (Liza ramada represent 87% of the total biomass) and sand gobies (Pomatoschistus minutus and P. lozanoi represent 82% of the total numbers). These species and alsoGasterosteus aculeatus , Syngnathus rostellatus, Dicentrarchus labrax, Mugil spp. , Liza aurata and Sprattus sprattus were the most frequent species (>50% of monthly frequency of occurrence). In Europe, salt marshes and their creeks are flooded only during high spring tides. So, fishes only invade this environment during short immersion periods, and no species can be considered as marsh resident. But, the salt marsh was colonized by fish every time the tide reached the creek, and during the short time of flood, dominant fishes fed actively and exploited the high productivity. Nevertheless, this study shows that there is little interannual variation in the fish community and there are three ‘ seasons ’ in the fish fauna of the marsh. Marine straggler and marine estuarine dependent species colonize marshes between spring (recruitment period in the bay) and autumn before returning into deeper adjacent waters. Estuarine fishes are present all year round with maximum abundances in the end of summer. The presence of fishes confirms that this kind of wetland plays an important trophic and nursery role for these species. Differences in densities and stages distribution of these species into Mont Saint-Michel systems (tidal mudflats, estuaries and tidal salt marshes) can reduce the trophic competition.