Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From megaprojects to tourism gentrification? The case of Santa Cruz Verde 2030 (Canary Islands, Spain)

espanol? De los megaproyectos a la gentrificacion turistica? El caso de Santa Cruz Verde 2030 (Islas Canarias, Espana)La refineria de petroleo en Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Espana) esta condicionando el urbanismo como empleador, pero tambien como agente contaminante y barrera urbanistica desde hace mas de 80 anos. El megaproyecto Santa Cruz Verde 2030 pretende transformar dicha zona en un barrio urbano con usos multiples. Basado en un analisis estadistico, urbanistico y documental, este ensayo analiza los impactos del megaproyecto. La transformacion implica un aumento de espacios verdes en un 39 %, mientras que el numero de camas en el sector turistico crece en un 70 %, lo que implica una turistificacion importante. Santa Cruz Verde 2030 simboliza un nuevo tipo de megaproyectos, caracterizado por usos multiples e imagenes de sostenibilidad. Sin embargo, los impactos podrian reconfigurar el urbanismo de la ciudad. En barrios colindantes, el megaproyecto conlleva diferentes consecuencias. En Los Llanos, la gentrificacion y el turismo estan fomentados. En Buenos Aires existe la oportunidad de integrar un barrio segregado en la ciudad. En este contexto, el ensayo esboza la necesidad de procesos de planificacion y monitorizacion transparentes que garanticen la sostenibilidad del proyecto. EnglishThe inner-city oil refinery in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain, has been shaping the city’s urbanism as an employer, but also as a polluter and a physical barrier for more than 80 years. The megaproject Santa Cruz Verde 2030 aims at transforming this area into a mixed-use urban quarter. Based on a mixed methods approach, this paper analyses the impacts of the megaproject by means of document, spatial and statistical analyses. The project is estimated to increase the city’s green areas by 39 % and the number of hotel beds by 70 %, provoking a strong touristifaction. Santa Cruz Verde 2030 stands for a new type of megaprojects, offering a variety of uses and sustainability wordings. Nevertheless, the impacts might reconfigure the city’s urbanism as a whole, shifting centralities to its southwest. On a neighbourhood level, spillover effects are expected to have diverging consequences. While in the Los Llanos neighbourhood gentrification and tourism are fostered, in Buenos Aires the megaproject implies the opportunity to integrate this currently segregated quarter into the city. Against this background, the paper outlines the necessity of transparent planning and monitoring processes, in order to ensure the sustainability of this new urban quarter.
Are recommendations for prescribing applied for older people with reduced kidney function in primary care? A mixed methods study to explore and improve implementation.

Background Kidney function reduces with age, increasing the risk of harm and hospital admission from medicines. This project aimed to investigate the extent to which recommendations for prescribing drugs are applied for older people with reduced kidney function in primary care, and what needs to change to improve patient safety. Research design and methods A pragmatic sequential mixed methods design was used: 1. Cross-sectional case-note review. 2. Scoping literature review. 3. Primary Care Trust (PCT) wide cross-sectional survey of prescribing data. 4. GP interview study using the Theoretical Domains Framework. 5. Expert and stakeholder consensus group study. Results For 8 study drugs across a large PCT, a kidney function too low for recommended use was found for 3.5-39.6% in ≥65 year olds, and 24.2-79.5% in ≥85 years. The Cockcroft Gault equation provides a more accurate estimate of kidney function when prescribing for older people; 68.9-95.3% of patient drug events where kidney function was too low would have been missed if an estimated glomerular filtration rate had been used. GPs expressed a lack of awareness and knowledge about prescribing when kidney function is reduced. Although they monitored kidney function, it was not thought of when prescribing. Not having warnings and prompts at medication review was a particular barrier identified by GPs, and that the British National Formulary information on prescribing in renal impairment information needs to be clarified. The priorities for intervention and research agreed were to increase awareness of the need to assess kidney function in the prescribing process for older people, and to provide patient and drug specific warnings and prompts at medication review as well as initiation. Conclusion Many older people were taking medication that needed altering, or stopping, because of their reduced kidney function. This research has mapped the prevalence of inappropriate prescribing, and explored the behaviour determinants of GP prescribing, in reduced kidney function in primary care, identified what needs to change in practice, policy, and further research required, to improve patient safety.
EBNO: Evolution of cost‐sensitive Bayesian networks

The last decade has seen an increase in the attention paid to the development of cost‐sensitive learning algorithms that aim to minimize misclassification costs while still maintaining accuracy. Most of this attention has been on cost‐sensitive decision tree learning, whereas relatively little attention has been paid to assess if it is possible to develop better cost‐sensitive classifiers based on Bayesian networks. Hence, this paper presents EBNO, an algorithm that utilizes Genetic algorithms to learn cost‐sensitive Bayesian networks, where genes are utilized to represent the links between the nodes in Bayesian networks and the expected cost is used as a fitness function. An empirical comparison of the new algorithm has been carried out with respect to (a) an algorithm that induces cost‐insensitive Bayesian networks to provide a base line, (b) ICET, a well‐known algorithm that uses Genetic algorithms to induce cost‐sensitive decision trees, (c) use of MetaCost to induce cost‐sensitive Bayesian networks via bagging (d) use of AdaBoost to induce cost‐sensitive Bayesian networks, and (e) use of XGBoost, a gradient boosting algorithm, to induce cost‐sensitive decision trees. An empirical evaluation on 28 data sets reveals that EBNO performs well in comparison with the algorithms that produce single interpretable models and performs just as well as algorithms that use bagging and boosting methods.
Evaluating complementary synergies in integrated crop-livestock systems in Ghana

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of crop-livestock diversification among smallholders in the forest-savannah agroecological zone of Ghana. Design/methodology/approach - The study uses a stochastic input distance function to investigate the evidence of economies of diversification and its effect on determining diversification decisions of smallholders in Ghana. Furthermore, this study also explores evidence of scale economies in integrated crop-livestock systems among smallholder farmers. Findings - The empirical results show that economies of diversification are significant in determining diversification decisions of smallholders. The economies of scale are evident in integrated crop-livestock systems in Ghana, suggesting that opportunities exist to expand crop-livestock outputs without employing additional inputs or improved production technologies. Crop-livestock diversification is a desirable strategy for improving overall farm productivity among smallholders in Ghana. Economies of diversification were found to be significant among the output combinations, maize with other crops and other crops with livestock, in integrated crop-livestock production systems. Research limitations/implications - This study is based on a cross-sectional data set. Hence, the findings may be subject to some limitations; however, the authors have sought to minimise such limitations. Practical implications - The results imply that crop-livestock diversification is a desirable strategy for improving overall farm productivity. Therefore, the findings are useful for policymakers to design appropriate strategies for enhancing the production of specific output combinations in crop-livestock diversification systems among smallholders in Ghana. Specifically, such policies should promote the production and integration of crops such as legumes with other crops, and livestock with other crops in diversified farming systems to enhance overall farm productivity. This will reduce food insecurity and poverty among rural farm households and the entire rural population. Originality/value - These results indicate that to improve crop-livestock productivity through diversification, and reduce the effect of climate variability, it is imperative to provide the enabling environment that will facilitate and encourage production of these output combinations among smallholders in Ghana. The empirical results enhance the literature by providing empirical evidence of the complementary synergies and economies of diversification in integrated farming systems and, hence, make recommendations for improving these farming systems. Peer review - The peer review history for this paper is available at:
Percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar lumbar discectomy for superiorly sequestrated disc L5–S1: A case report with technical review

L5-S1 disc has always been a difficult disc to target by rigid endoscope because of anatominal limitations . These limitation severely hampers transforaminal approach for superiorly migrated disc at L5-S1. We performed percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar lumbar decompression (PEILD) for removal of superiorly migrated sequestrated disc and preserved the functional structures. Through this approach nerve root and dural sleeve were exposed and adequate removal of migrated disc was done, which was also confirmed by immediate post operative MRI. The clinical outcome was evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) score and brief pain inventory (BPI) . We obtained excellent results in treating superiorly sequestrated disc at L5-S1 using endoscopic interlaminar angled approach.
Discrimination of hue angle and discrimination of colorimetric purity assessed with a common metric.

It has been suggested that thresholds for discriminating colorimetric purity are systematically higher than those for discriminating hue angle, a difference captured in Judd's phrase "the super-importance of hue. " However, to compare the two types of discrimination, the measured thresholds must be expressed in the same units. An attractive test is offered by measurements along the horizontal lines in the chromaticity diagram of MacLeod and Boynton [ J. Opt. Soc. Am.69, 1183 (1979)JOSAAH0030-394110.1364/JOSA.69. 001183], i.e., a chromaticity diagram. A horizontal line that extends radially from the white point represents a variation in colorimetric purity alone (and subjectively a variation that is primarily in saturation). In contrast, a horizontal line that runs along the $x$x axis of the diagram, close to the long-wave spectrum locus, corresponds predominantly to variation in hue angle. Yet, in both cases, only the ratio of the excitations of the long- and middle-wave cones is being modulated, and so the thresholds can be expressed in a common metric. Measuring forced-choice thresholds for 180 ms foveal targets presented on a steady field metameric to Illuminant D65, we do not find general support for Judd's working rule that thresholds for purity are systematically twice those for saturation. Thresholds for colorimetric purity were only a little higher than those for hue angle, and the advantage for hue was seen in only part of the ranges that were tested. However, in the upper-left quadrant of the MacLeod-Boynton diagram, where the excitation of short-wave cones is high and where both hue angle and colorimetric purity vary along any given horizontal line, thresholds were indeed sometimes half those observed for discrimination of purity alone.
STATISTICS IN CLINICAL TRIALS: OUT OF CONDITION. SOME PROBLEMS OF UNCONDITIONAL INFERENCEAT THE CROSSROADS OF METHODOLOGY AND ETHICS

Randomized controlled trials are experiments for the evaluation of a new treatment option, currently representing the “gold standard” in health care assessment. Clinical trials fulfill a double role of evidence production and of regulatory oversight in sanctioning new drugs’ approval into the drug market. For this reason trials are large and tightly regulated enterprises that have to comply with ethical requirements while at the same time maintaining high epistemic standards, in a balance that becomes increasingly difficult to strike as research questions become more and more sophisticated. The statistical framework adopted for designing and analysing trials represents a relevant part of this architecture. Statististical methodology influences such aspects as which inferences are licensed on the basis of data and what is the degree of support granted to an hypothesis. Thus, statistics plays a fundamental role as a gatekeeper both in warranting the ethical permissibility of a trial, and in licensing conclusions about the most effective treatment. Certain widely-accepted statistical principles have an impact on the way results frommedical studies are evaluated. One such principle is conditioning, i.e. the possibility to incorporate an assessment of strength of evidence in inferential statements of confidence. Currently, conditioning is not part of the statistical method in use, although it is upheld by alternative statistical paradigms such as the Bayesian. In my thesis I analyze the impact of conditioning upon the ethical, epistemic and regulatory facets of trials and I suggest the possibility of incorporating conditioning within the current statistical paradigm of clinical research.
Non-commutative effects on gravitational measurements

The general theory of relativity is currently the accepted theory of gravity and as such, a large repository of test results has been obtained since its inception in 1915. However, in this paper we only focus on what are considered as the main tests but in non-commutative (NC) geometries. Using the coordinate coherent state formalism, we calculate the gravitational redshift, deflection, and time delay of light, separately, for NC inspired Schwarzschild and Reissner–Nordström black holes. We show the NC predictions have different behavior than the general relativity. We also provide an upper bound on the NC parameter by comparing the NC corrections with the accuracies of gravitational measurements in the case of typical primordial black holes produced in the early Universe. In this regard, we use observational data for the scale factor a at the end of inflation to obtain physical satisfactory results.
School bags and associated back pain

Introduction: The most common health problem associated with the negative effect of heavy school bags is back pain, and non-specific back pain is frequently observed in childhood. The prevalence of back pain in schoolchildren varies from 12% to 92%, depending on the age and affected region of the back. To prevent the occurrence of back pain in schoolchildren, the weight of school bag should not exceed 10% of the child’s body mass.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in April 2017. We included 79 students of the fifth and sixth grade from the elementary school in Sarajevo. Information on the weight and type of school bag, method of carrying a school bag, and feelings of pain and tiredness due to school bag were obtained by questionnaire.Results: In the total sample, the majority of the students (64.6%) reported occasional back pain while carrying the bag, 20.3% of students reported no back pain, and 11.4% of students experienced frequent back pain. The mean school bag weight in the fifth grade was 4.01 ± 0.57 kg, and it was significantly higher (4.61 ± 0.86 kg) in the sixth grade. About 48.5% of the students in the fifth and 50% in the sixth grade carried school bags weighing more than 10% of the body mass. A higher mean weight of school bag was significantly more frequent in students who reported always feeling tired (11.03 ± 2.74%) compared to those who did not feel tired while carrying the school bag (8.41 ± 2%). Conclusions: Overall, more frequent occurrence of back pain and tiredness in schoolchildren was associated with heavier school bags (>10% of the body mass), and the occurrence of back pain due to school bag was related to gender (i.e., back pain was more common in girls compared to boys).
Workload and Motivation on Employees Performance Analyzed by Information Technology

The research purpose was to measure the relationship of workload and motivation to employee’s performance and the effect of motivation on employee’s performance, workload on employee’s performance, workload and motivation on employee’s performance. This research used a quantitative approach with the methods used such as observation, interviews, and questionnaires, data analysis was written using path analysis. Path analysis is a technique for analyzing causal relationships that occur in multiple regression. Relationship between workload and motivation on employee’s performance is 0.49. The effect of motivation on employee’s performance is significant at 30.05%, but the influence of workload on performance is nonsignificant at 5.46%. Workload and motivation on employee’s performance are significant at 35.51%. Based on these results, the workload and motivation have a strong and significant relationship. Although workload has a non-significant effect on employee’s performance partially, the workload and motivation have a significant effect on employee’s performance in medical manufacturing.
The Rising Influence of Urban Actors

By 2030, nearly 60% of the world’s population will live in cities. Megacities with over 10 million inhabitants are appearing in developing countries and will include Cairo, Dhaka, Jakarta, Lagos and Mumbai within 20 years. The implications for slum dwellers are devastating. The alternative climate summit for mayors in Copenhagen in December 2009 aims to put cities at the top of the climate change agenda. The summit’s message to heads of state, the media and citizens is that cities and local governments have a crucial role to play given they are responsible for up to 80% of global CO2 emissions: they can and will act. Indeed, cities are already devising innovative approaches to mitigating and reversing the impacts of global climate change. In this special report, Janne Nijman shows how cities are stepping up to the mark. City governments and their communities are participating in global processes. No longer simply places where people live and where businesses and services are based, cities are networking and collaborating with governments and organizations at a transnational level to deal with climate change, pollution, social inequality and so on. Cities are carving out a new role for themselves as independent global actors. Good urban governance now means cities must develop transnational relations and act in the global arena.
Atomic force microscopy evidences of bacterial cell damage caused by propolis extracts on E. coli and S. aureus

The interaction of the aqueous extract of green propolis with the bacterial envelope was investigated using atomic force microscopy on E. coli and S. aureus , as Gram-negative and Gram-positive model microorganisms. The bacteria were incubated in the extracts with variable proportions of water/ethanol, i.e., in different concentrations of total phenolic and flavonoids, for 4 and 12 hours. All extracts exhibited antibacterial action with higher activity (lower MOC) for full ethanolic extract (100% alcohol) against both strains, what was attributed to a synergistic interaction of ethanol and phenolic compounds presented in greater concentration in this extract. According to AFM analysis, it was evidenced the propolis main mechanism of action as rupture and lysis of bacterial cells. Changes in bacterial morphology following treatment indicate membrane imbalances with the internal contents leaking out accompanied by cell swelling, due to possible water uptake through cell lysis. The intensity of such damage was found to be time and specie dependent.
Attitudes of stakeholders to animal welfare during slaughter and transport in SE and E Asia

Understanding cross-cultural differences in attitudes to animal welfare issues is important in maintaining good international relations, including economic and trade relations. This study aimed to investigate the attitudes of stakeholders towards improving the welfare of animals during slaughter and transport in four key SE and E Asian countries: China, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia. Logistic regression analysis of the associations between demographic factors and attitudes identified nationality as the most significant factor influencing attitude. Motivating factors for improving welfare were ranked according to their importance: religion, knowledge levels, monetary gain, availability of tools and resources, community issues, approval of supervisor and peers. Strong beliefs in the influence of animal welfare laws, the power of the workplace and the importance of personal knowledge were shared by all countries. In addition, religion and peer consideration were significantly associated with attitudes in Malaysia and Thailand, respectively. The findings of this research will assist in the development of international animal welfare initiatives.
Does Gender Really Matter? Testing the Mediating Role of Public Service Motivation between Gender and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Federal Agencies

ABSTRACT Although a wide variety of studies have been conducted on the role of gender, public service motivation, and organizational citizenship behavior, the findings have not completely dispelled the suspicion about the causal relationship between these concepts. This article examines the mechanisms through which gender affects the performance of organizational citizenship behavior directly and indirectly through a mediating variable – public service motivation (PSM). A sample of 485,534 employees from the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS) was used to test the mediation model using the bootstrapping technique. Findings show that women scored higher on their PSM level, which, in turn, positively affected their OCB levels compared to men. Also, this study demonstrates that PSM as a construct has distinct gender dimensions attached to it.
Strategies for Improving Documentation of Medication Overrides

Title : Strategies for Improving the Documentation of Medication Overrides Purpose : Medication Override is the removal of medication from an Automatic Dispensing System (ADS) without a verified order. The aim of this project was to educate nurses on how to link override medications to orders to reduce administration errors. Methods : Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) technique was used to guide a pilot study conducted in two Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Interventions included hands-on training, discussions during daily staff sessions which occur at the beginning of every shift (huddles), and the distribution of copies of a step-by-step instruction (“quick guide”). Daily Medication Override Reconciliation (DMOR) rates were gathered on the piloted units for three months and captured on an Excel spreadsheet. The spreadsheet was used to organize the data by weeks and by groups of narcotic and non-narcotic medications. Results : There was no statistically significant difference in the pre-and the post-intervention rates of linked medications. Discrepancies between ordered and dispensed routes prevented nurses from reconciling overrides. Hospital policy prohibits the placement of verbal order mode for overridden medications unless during surgical operations; therefore, overrides remain unlinked and often undocumented. Conclusion : Education did not significantly increase the reconciliation rates of medication overrides in the two units. Future improvement projects should examine the use of nursing protocol and electronic reminders for the safe management and documentation of medication overrides.