Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of growing strawberries with superimposed levels of cropgutters on yield and quality

Summary This experiment was carried out to assess the effect of increasing plant density by superimposing immovable levels of cropgutters. The greenhouse glazing was an air-inflated double layer of F-CLEAN ® , a specific version of ethylene tetrafluoroethylene. The inside layer was diffused F-CLEAN ® , in order to reduce the direct shading of the lower gutters by the upper levels. In this multi-span greenhouse were ar-ranged, each in an 8-m wide span: a) the traditional single-level crop of 7 cropping lines, density 8.75 plants m -2 ; b) two levels of five cropping lines each (12.5 plants m -2 ); c) three levels of five cropping lines each (18.75 plants m -2 ). In the two- and three-level system, the immovable cropgutters were vertically aligned: all the cropping operations could be done from the ground or using mobile platforms to adjust the working height to the upper levels. Two early cultivars, ‘Gariguette’ and ‘Ciflorette’, were grown as a soilless heated crop with trayplants planted on 14 December 2015. PAR light at the top of the canopy was reduced on the lower and the intermediate levels of the two- and three-level disposition; the high-est reduction was measured on the lowest level of the three-level disposition. The changes observed in the content of total soluble solids (% Brix) and titratable acidity due to shading remained acceptable. Yield per plant was significantly reduced on the lower and intermediate levels of the three-level disposition, but not on the lower level of the two-level disposition, nor on the upper levels of both dispositions. Howev-er, with two and three levels, the higher density per square meter led to a higher yield per square meter, compared to the traditional single-level crop: +40% (two-level system) and +82% (three-level system) for ‘Gariguette’, +48% and +86% for ‘Ciflorette’.
Fatty Acids, Gut Microbiota, and the Genesis of Obesity

Obesity is a major public health problem, which is growing around the world. It is a multifactorial disease and a risk factor for other noncommunicable diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hepatic steatosis). Among the etiological factors, gut microbiota and diet, especially lipids, have been highlighted, which seem to have an important potential as a modulator of its composition, being the key factor in the link between microbiota and obesity. Gut microbiota interacts with the host metabolism in the development of this disease through dietary fatty acids or when produced by intestinal bacteria. Short-chain, saturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids have an impact with respect to gut microbiota and health, presenting central and systemic effects associated with the genesis of obesity. Finally, gut microbiota seems to play a significant role in controlling the endocannabinoid system, and imbalance in this system can be associated with obesity.
Spatial Aggregation Effect on Water Demand Peak Factor

A methodological framework for the estimation of the expected value of hourly peak water demand factor and its dependence on the spatial aggregation level is presented. The proposed methodology is based on the analysis of volumetric water meter measurements with a 1-h time aggregation, preferred by water companies for monitoring purposes. Using a peculiar sampling design, both a theoretical and an empirical estimation of the expected value of the peak factor and of the related standard error (confidence bands) are obtained as a function of the number of aggregated households (or equivalently of the number of users). The proposed methodology accounts for the cross-correlation among consumption time series describing local water demand behaviours. The effects of considering a finite population is also discussed. The framework is tested on a pilot District Metering Area with more than 1000 households equipped with a telemetry system with 1-h time aggregation. Results show that the peak factor can be expressed as a power function tending to an asymptotic value greater than one for the increasing number of aggregated households. The obtained peak values, compared with several literature studies, provide useful indications for the design and management of secondary branched pipes of water distribution systems.
The foot is more than a spring: human foot muscles perform work to adapt to the energetic requirements of locomotion

The foot has been considered both as an elastic mechanism that increases the efficiency of locomotion by recycling energy, as well as an energy sink that helps stabilize movement by dissipating energy through contact with the ground. We measured the activity of two intrinsic foot muscles, flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) and abductor hallucis (AH), as well as the mechanical work performed by the foot as a whole and at a modelled plantar muscle–tendon unit (MTU) to test whether these passive mechanics are actively controlled during stepping. We found that the underlying passive visco-elasticity of the foot is modulated by the muscles of the foot, facilitating both dissipation and generation of energy depending on the mechanical requirements at the centre of mass (COM). Compared to level ground stepping, the foot dissipated and generated an additional –0.2 J kg−1 and 0.10 J kg−1 (both p < 0.001) when stepping down and up a 26 cm step respectively, corresponding to 21% and 10% of the additional net work performed by the leg on the COM. Of this compensation at the foot, the plantar MTU performed 30% and 89% of the work for step-downs and step-ups, respectively. This work occurred early in stance and late in stance for stepping down respectively, when the activation levels of FDB and AH were increased between 69 and 410% compared to level steps (all p < 0.001). These findings suggest that the energetic function of the foot is actively modulated by the intrinsic foot muscles and may play a significant role in movements requiring large changes in net energy such as stepping on stairs or inclines, accelerating, decelerating and jumping.
Stereotype Threat Among Black Men Following Exposure to Rap Music

Stereotype threat theory argues that reminders of negative stereotypes about one’s stigmatized identity can undermine performance, but few studies have examined this phenomenon among Black Americans. Drawing from the literature on the impact of mass media on stereotype activation, we examine whether exposure to rap music induces stereotype threat among Black men. In two studies, incidental exposure to violent/misogynistic rap, but not conscious hip-hop or pop music, impaired Black (but not White) men’s cognitive performance (Experiments 1 and 2), but only when the artist was ostensibly Black (vs. White; Experiment 2). These effects were conditionally mediated by stereotype activation, such that listening to a Black (but not White) rapper activated negative stereotypes about Black people for both Black and White participants but only impaired performance among Black participants (Experiment 2). This suggests that exposure to some forms of artistic expression may activate culturally shared stereotypes and obstruct academic success among stigmatized groups.
PRONUNCIATION LEARNING, PARTICIPATION, AND ATTITUDE ENHANCEMENT THROUGH MOBILE ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING (MALL)

A mobile application, Tflat English Pronunciation, is proposed in the teaching of pronunciation for it possesses features that can assist students when learning how to enunciate English words and identify English phonemic symbols. Thus, this study presents the results of the implementation of Tflat English Pronunciation mobile courseware to gain the ability of the first semester students of English Study Program Politeknik Negeri Jember in pronouncing English words. This study is a collaborative classroom action research. Thirty students enrolling in Pronunciation class at English Study Program Politeknik Negeri Jember were taken as the source of data. The result showed that the materials and practices in Tflat courseware could enrich students' pronunciation learning, improve their participation, and nurture a positive attitude toward technological learning. The findings of this study also depict the potential and power of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) to encourage students to engage in classroom activities and monitor their learning. Hence, it can be concluded that MALL is pivotal and can be one alternative to facilitate students’ pronunciation learning.
Impact of postgraduate study on healthcare professionals' academic and clinical practice

Aims/Background Existing literature in the healthcare setting indicates that individuals enter higher education, particularly postgraduate programmes, to gain in-depth knowledge of a subject area, with a view to improving their career opportunities. Evidence also suggests that, in addition to perceived career enhancement, individuals also report benefits such as personal growth and broadening of perspectives, which have helped their clinical practice. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of postgraduate study on healthcare professionals' academic practice and discuss the potential links to improvements in clinical practice. Method This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of graduates from a range of postgraduate healthcare programmes at one UK university. A survey comprising 18 questions was designed to explore perceptions of impact and was distributed to 962 graduates with a response rate of 9.81% (n=98). Results The majority of respondents were doctors (n=54, 55.1%), women (n=59, 60.2%), based within the UK (n=36, 36.7%) and had completed their programme between 2014 and 2016 (n=72, 73.4%). With regards to achievements in professional practice, participants felt more confident in relation to research and evaluating evidence. In relation to impact on clinical practice, improvements in multidisciplinary team working as well as increased confidence emerged as main themes. Conclusions Findings support existing evidence in relation to the importance of postgraduate study, which is able to instil an increased sense of confidence in graduates' ability. This was particularly related to having a better understanding of speciality-related evidence and its application in clinical practice. This is something that previous studies do not seem to have reported and may reflect the multiprofessional nature of many of the postgraduate programmes provided.
Cross‐modal retrieval with dual multi‐angle self‐attention

In recent years, cross‐modal retrieval has been a popular research topic in both fields of computer vision and natural language processing. There is a huge semantic gap between different modalities on account of heterogeneous properties. How to establish the correlation among different modality data faces enormous challenges. In this work, we propose a novel end‐to‐end framework named Dual Multi‐Angle Self‐Attention (DMASA) for cross‐modal retrieval. Multiple self‐attention mechanisms are applied to extract fine‐grained features for both images and texts from different angles. We then integrate coarse‐grained and fine‐grained features into a multimodal embedding space, in which the similarity degrees between images and texts can be directly compared. Moreover, we propose a special multistage training strategy, in which the preceding stage can provide a good initial value for the succeeding stage and make our framework work better. Very promising experimental results over the state‐of‐the‐art methods can be achieved on three benchmark datasets of Flickr8k, Flickr30k, and MSCOCO.
Assessment of Surface Water Contamination by Heavy Metals Due to Agricultural Practices in the Northern Part of Burkina Faso

Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the status of the heavy metals As, Cd, Pb, Mn and Zn in the surface water of the Sub-catchment Barrage of Tougou for which water comes mainly from agricultural activities. Place and Duration of Study: A total of 73 water samples were taken at the inflow of the water body and at several points located on the water body, from August to October 2019. Methodology: Water samples were characterized for temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sulfate (SO4 2), nitrate (NO3 ) and phosphate (PO4 3). Heavy metals were analyzed using a microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer (MP-AES), Agilent Model 4210. Results: The EC range was between 27.45 and 53.90 μS/cm with an average pH of 6.4. Nitrate (NO3 ) was the most abundant anion in the water (39.70 mg / L) and phosphates (PO4 ) were Original Research Article Maïga-Yaleu et al.; IRJPAC, 21(10): 85-98, 2020; Article no.IRJPAC. 58319 86 present in very small quantities (0.34 mg / L). The results showed very low concentrations of Pb and Cd, below 5 μg / L and below 2 μg / L, respectively. The concentrations of As, Mn and Zn in the water were 2.8 μg / L, 13.2 μg / L and 9.8 μg / L, respectively. Agricultural practices do not have a significant effect on surface waters. The concentrations of heavy metals analyzed in the water were lower than the standards established by the World Health Organization for drinking water quality. Conclusion: This information, certainly important, does not allow us to conclude on the risk of the consumption of this water on human health. Further studies should be conducted on this water body to evaluate the potential risk for public health and to examine the concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments, because it is known that sediments have a high absorption capacity for heavy metals and are then considered the main target for water purification related to heavy metals.
Parasite communities of striped bonito Sarda orientalis (Pisces: Scombridae) on the Pacific coast of Mexico

ABSTRACT The parasite communities of marine fish in the tropical Pacific remain poorly studied. We did an initial study of the metazoan parasite communities of striped bonito Sarda orientalis from the Pacific coast of Mexico. Two hundred thirty individuals from two locations were collected between April 2017 and March 2018. Twenty-two metazoan parasite taxa (20 helminths and two Crustacea) were identified: one species of Monogenea, twelve of Digenea, one of Acanthocephala, two of Cestoda, four of Nematoda, one of Copepoda, and one of Isopoda. Didymozoid digeneans (six species) were the most frequent and abundant parasite species at both sampling locations. Parasite species richness at the component community level was similar in both locations (16–17 species). However, parasite community structure and species composition varied between them. Local fluctuations in some biotic (e.g. host feeding behaviour and body size) and abiotic environmental factors were probably responsible for these variations.
Gross anatomical study of appendicular skeleton of pelvic region of common palm civet cat (Paradoxurus hermaphrodites)

The present study was conducted on one hip bone of Common palm civet cat (Paradoxurus hermaphrodites). The hip bone consisted of three bones viz., ilium, ischium and pubis. Those bones met to form an acetubulm. The ilium was composed of wing and body. The wing of the ilium was expended and it had pelvic surface, and gluteal surface. The body of the ilium took part in the formation of acetabulum. The iliac crest was strongly convex and thick whereas the gluteal surface was smooth and concave. The pelvic surface was consisted of sacral surface and auricular surface. The sacral surface was smooth and the auricular surface was rough. The iliopectinal line was extended from the auricular surface to the iliopubic eminences. Apart from those the ilium contained sacral tuber, cranial and caudal iliac spine, greater ischiatic spine and ventral gluteal line. The ischium was the caudal most bone among those bone and took part in the formation of ischial symphsis as well as acetabulum, and obturator foramen. Apart from those ornament of ischium, it contained lesser ischiatic notch, ischiatic spine and tuber ischii. The lesser ischiatic notch was shallow compared to the greater ischiatic notch. The pubis was smallest bone among those three bones. Tubercle for psoas minor muscle (hypo axial muscle) was observed in the pectin of pubis.
Reservoir-Induced Hydrological Alterations Using Ecologically Related Hydrologic Metrics: Case Study in the Beijiang River, China

Anthropogenic activities have a tremendous impact on water ecosystems worldwide, especially in China. To quantitatively evaluate the hydrological alteration connected with aquatic lives and river ecological risks, we took the Beijiang River located in South China as the case study and used ecosurplus (defined as ecological carrying capacity exceeding ecological consumption)/ecodeficit (defined as ecological consumption exceeding carrying capacity) and Indicators of Hydrological Alterations to evaluate hydrological changes. The Ecologically Relevant Hydrologic Indicators were employed to select the key indices of Indicators of Hydrological Alterations, and the eco-environmental water demand calculation provide an effective way for the reservoir operation. Results showed that: (1) High flows contributed more to the ecodeficit, while low flows contributed more to the ecosurplus; (2) the ecodeficit in some parts of the river basin might exceed the ecosurplus after reservoir construction, especially along the main stream; and (3) the determination of eco-environmental water demand is a feasible way for improving the environment by controlling reservoirs. The current study can help guide the optimization of hydrological operation in the basin toward making the ecosystem healthier and has potential to further provide a reference for other basins in terms of hydrological alterations driven by anthropogenic activities.
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance Analysis in Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Yield and Yield Related Traits in Benishangul Gumuz, Ethiopia

The experiment was conducted to assess genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for yield and yield related traits in some upland rice genotypes. A total of 23 rice genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 at Pawe and Assosa. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for most of the traits at individual and across locations, and error variances of the two locations were homogenous for most of the traits including grain yield. Moreover, the genotypes showed wider variability for grain yield in the range between 3707-6241kg/ha, 4853-7282kg/ha and 42806761kg/ha at Pawe, Assosa and over locations, respectively. A relatively high (>20%) phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations were estimated merely for number of unfilled grains per panicle. High heritability estimates (> 60%) were obtained for all of the traits, except plant height and Protein content. A relatively high genetic advance was obtained for traits like unfilled grains per panicle and fertile tiller per plant. Thus, this study revealed that there was higher genetic variability among the tested genotypes, which could be potentially exploited in future breeding programs.
Screening of chickpea germplasm for resistance against wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri

Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the important pulse crop widely grown in Maharashtra as rainfed and irrigated crop during rabi season. Among various biotic constraints wilt is one of the major yield limiting factors to chickpea. Development of new sources of resistant cultivar/germplsm/genotype is one of the most economical and feasible option to overcome the problems of wilt. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted in rabi 2018-19 and 2019-20 to screen different germplasm lines against wilt. Total 52 germplasm lines were screened along with susceptible check JG 62 and resistant check JG 315 against wilt in sick plot at Agricultural Research Station, Badnapur during 2018-19. Out of 52 germplasm lines none of entry shown disease free reaction, whereas, 25 entries were found resistant and 8 entries were found susceptible.
Auxin export from proximal fruits drives arrest in competent inflorescence meristems

A well-defined set of regulatory pathways control entry into the reproductive phase in flowering plants [1]. Conversely, little is known about the mechanisms that control the end of the reproductive phase (‘floral arrest’), despite this being a critical process for optimising fruit and seed production. Complete fruit removal or lack of fertile fruit-set in male sterile mutants, for example male sterile1 (ms1), prevents timely floral arrest in the model plant Arabidopsis [2]. These observations formed the basis for Hensel and colleagues’ model in which end-of-flowering was proposed to result from a cumulative fruit/seed-derived signal that caused simultaneous ‘global proliferative arrest’ (GPA) in all inflorescences [2]. Recent studies have suggested that end-of-flowering involves gene expression changes at the floral meristem which are at least in part controlled by the FRUITFULL-APETELA2 pathway [3,4], however there is limited understanding of how this process is controlled and the communication needed at the whole plant level. Here, we provide new information providing a framework for the fruit-to-meristem (F-M) communication implied by the GPA model [5]. We show that floral arrest in Arabidopsis is not ‘global’ and does not occur synchronously between branches, but rather that the arrest of each inflorescence is a local process, driven by auxin export from fruit proximal to the inflorescence meristem (IM). Furthermore, we show that inflorescence meristems are only competent for floral arrest once they reach a certain developmental age. Understanding the regulation of floral arrest is of major importance for the future manipulation of flowering to extend and maximise crop yields.
Species composition and role of exotic invasive pioneers in vegetation establishment on Mount Merapi Volcanic Deposits in Java, Indonesia

Sutomo. 2018. Species composition and role of exotic invasive pioneers in vegetation establishment on Mount Merapi Volcanic Deposits in Java, Indonesia. Trop Drylands 2: 59-64. The volcanic deposits found in Mt Merapi are relatively new in terms of years since last known eruption. The objective of this study was to make use of the chronosequence method to describe changes in the species composition patterns in vegetation establishment, and to conduct observations on whether pioneer species, especially exotic and perhaps also invasive species, are decreasing or increasing species diversity in the succession. Results showed that the younger deposits were dominated by Athyrium macrocarpum, Polygonum chinense, Paspalum conjugatum and Cyperus flavidus. The older deposits were dominated by Anaphalis javanica, Imperata cylindrica, Polytrias amaura and Eupatorium riparium. Invasive (native and exotic) pioneer species such as Imperata cylindrica, Anaphalis javanica, Calliandra callothyrsus, Polyosma ilicifolia, and Eupatorium riparium showed positive correlation with species diversity. It is important to understand the role of non-native, invasive alien species in the recovery process. Early recovery generally depends on these species to boost the succession, but in the longer term invasive species may affect the successional trajectory.
THE FANO FACTOR IN GERMANIUM AT 77°K.

The Fano factor in germanium at liquid-nitrogen temperature has been found to be $F=0.129\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003$ using $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays at energies from 0.122 to 4.8 MeV. $F$ appears to be independent of the primary energy in the investigated energy range. Care has been exercised to eliminate the influence of ballistic deficit, recombination, and trapping in planar lithium-drifted structures as well as noise, drift, and pile-up in the apparatus. Measurements with crystals having volumes from 0.8 to 13 cm gave consistent results. We examined the line shift and the linewidth dependence up to and into electric field strengths where saturation of electron and hole velocities occurs.