Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multidirectional Trace Current Probe Array Design for Determining ESD Distribution in the Time Domain Through Near-Field Scan

A multidirectional trace current probe array is proposed to determine the distribution of electrostatic discharge (ESD) through near-field measurement in the time domain. In this article, a physical design of the probe array and a formula for overall sensitivity are presented. This probe array has a symmetric design and is less influenced by rotation angles, allowing the achievement of multidirectivity with enhanced sensitivity; moreover, it performs scanning more efficiently compared with conventional methods involving two scans. The probe array is assembled using a low-cost printed circuit board (PCB) to verify multidirectivity and sensitivity. Multidirectivity was achieved using three individual probes, each with a horizontal circular shape and identical sensing polarity. These three probes compensate for rotational sensitivity. The multidirectivity of the probe array was studied using theoretical calculations and verified through simulation and measurement. Compared with the shielded planar type commercial magnetic probe, the proposed probe array demonstrates favorable sensitivity distribution across the trace with a sensitivity enhancement of 2.6 dB. The probe array was also applied to measure the influence of ESD and achieved almost identical waveforms at two orthogonal measuring angles.
Discovery of Two Pulsating Extremely Low-mass Pre-white Dwarf Candidates in the TESS Eclipsing Binaries

We report the discovery of two new pulsating extremely low-mass pre-white dwarf (pre-ELMV) candidates in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) eclipsing binaries, TIC 149160359 and TIC 416264037. Their light curves show a typical feature of EL CVn-type binaries. The light-curve modeling indicates that they are both detached systems with very low-mass ratios (q ≃ 0.1). Based on the photometric solutions, the masses and radii of the two main-sequence primary components are estimated, and those of the secondaries are deduced. The results show that the less-massive components of the two binaries are both probably thermally bloated, pre-ELMVs. Apart from the eclipsing light changes, short-period light variations are clearly shown in their residual light curves. We have made the Fourier analysis of their light-curve residuals with the Period04 program. TIC 149160359 was found to pulsate in 21 independent frequencies, 17 of which are between 21 and 35 day−1 and the others are between 63 and 77 day−1. The Fourier amplitude spectrum of TIC 416264037 also shows two frequency concentration ranges. Out of nine independent frequencies, seven reside within the low-frequency range of 12.5–19.9 day−1. Two pulsating signals, f4 = 122.2698 day−1 and f10 = 112.3603 day−1, were detected in the high-frequency region. These low-frequency signals that are detected on TIC 149160359 and TIC 416264037 are probably due to the intrinsic pulsations of their δ Sct-type primary components. However, the high-frequency signals are likely to come from the pulsations of the pre-ELM WD components. This brings the number of pre-ELMV candidates to 12.
Iron deficiency and iron‐deficiency anaemia in women's health

Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide. More than 20% of women are iron deficient in their reproductive years. There are a number of oral iron preparations available but iron content in them varies and they can result in gastrointestinal adverse effects. The formulation and dose of iron should be chosen to best suit the woman and her level of iron deficiency. As gynaecologists, we focus on reducing menstrual blood loss in women with heavy menstrual bleeding, but frequently fail to diagnose, manage and treat iron deficiency/iron‐deficiency anaemia, resulting in a slow return to improved quality of life.
Three Dynamic Pricing Schemes for Resource Allocation of Edge Computing for IoT Environment

With the widespread use of Internet of Things (IoT), edge computing has recently emerged as a promising technology to tackle low-latency and security issues with personal IoT data. In this regard, many works have been concerned with computing resource allocation of the edge computing server, and some studies have conducted to the pricing schemes for resource allocation additionally. However, few works have attempted to address the comparison among various kinds of pricing schemes. In addition, some schemes have their limitations such as fairness issues on differentiated pricing schemes. To tackle these limitations, this article considered three dynamic pricing mechanisms for resource allocation of edge computing for the IoT environment with a comparative analysis: BID-proportional allocation mechanism (BID-PRAM), uniform pricing mechanism (UNI-PRIM), and fairness-seeking differentiated pricing mechanism (FAID-PRIM). BID-PRAM is newly proposed to overcome the limitation of the auction-based pricing scheme; UNI-PRIM is a basic uniform pricing scheme; FAID-PRIM is newly proposed to tackle the fairness issues of the differentiated pricing scheme. BID-PRAM is formulated as a noncooperative game. UNI-PIM and FAID-PRIM are formulated as a single-leader–multiple-followers Stackelberg game. In each mechanism, the Nash equilibrium (NE) or Stackelberg equilibrium (SE) solution is given with the proof of existence and uniqueness. Numerical results validate the proposed theorems and present a comparative analysis of three mechanisms. Through these analyses, the advantages and disadvantages of each model are identified, to give edge computing service providers guidance on various kinds of pricing schemes.
EDDD: Event-Based Drowsiness Driving Detection Through Facial Motion Analysis With Neuromorphic Vision Sensor

Drowsiness driving is a principal factor of many fatal traffic accidents. This paper presents the first event-based drowsiness driving detection (EDDD) system by using the recently developed neuromorphic vision sensor. Compared with traditional frame-based cameras, neuromorphic vision sensors, such as Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVS), have a high dynamic range and do not acquire full images at a fixed frame rate but rather have independent pixels that output intensity changes (called events) asynchronously at the time they occur. Since events are generated by moving edges in the scene, DVS is considered as an efficient and effective detector for the drowsiness driving-related motions. Based on this unique output, this work first proposes a highly efficient method to recognize and localize the driver’s eyes and mouth motions from event streams. We further design and extract event-based drowsiness-related features directly from the event streams caused by eyes and mouths motions, then the EDDD model is established based on these features. Additionally, we provide the EDDD dataset, the first public dataset dedicated to event-based drowsiness driving detection. The EDDD dataset has 260 recordings in daytime and evening with several challenging scenes such as subjects wearing glasses/sunglasses. Experiments are conducted based on this dataset and demonstrate the high efficiency and accuracy of our method under different illumination conditions. As the first investigation of the usage of DVS in drowsiness driving detection applications, we hope that this work will inspire more event-based drowsiness driving detection research.
Molecular genetic diversity analysis using SSR markers of basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes of northern hill region, India

© Society for Advancement of Wheat and Barley Research Abstract The genetic diversity of 30 rice accessions both of basmati and non-basmati including 2 red rices collected from Rice and Wheat Research Centre, Malan was performed on the basis of 36 genome wide SSR markers with the objectives to quantify the genetic divergence and to identify the potential accessions. Molecular characterization grouped them according to their varietal affiliations into five major clusters. Majority of basmati genotypes were clustered together. SSR markers detected a total of 83 alleles ranging from 2-4. The pairwise genetic similarity values among different genotypes ranged from 0.17 to 0.92 with an average of 0.48 indicating the presence of moderate genetic diversity among the genotypes analysed. The PIC values reflected the level of diversity and allelic frequency among the varieties which varied widely among SSR loci from 0.062 to 0.664. Two SSR markers namely, RM7173 and RM101 were identified as genotype specific, for genotype HPR 2761 and Vasumati, respectively. Two advanced breeding lines of basmati HPR 2852 and HPR 2855 were clustered together with their basmati parents in dendrogram indicating maximum recovery of basmati genotypes. The polymorphism detected among the genotypes will be helpful in selecting genetically diverse parents in the future breeding programme. The information generated will be used for advanced studies in germplasm, pureline selection and rice breeding in the future breeding programme.
English as a Second Language Learners and Teachers’ Conceptions of Language Assessment

Currently, ministries of education in some developing countries, such as Malaysia and Iran, are planning to transform their often-centralized tests to school-based assessment. This is good news but before making any changes, one must ask if stakeholders in such communities are ready for any changes. The objective of this study was to compare the conceptions of assessments of English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers and students. Qualitative methods were used to collect the data using a questionnaire with open-ended tasks developed, validated, piloted and refined by the researchers. The data were analyzed through inductive and deductive thematic analysis approaches. The results also indicated that both students and teachers frequently view assessment as tests and scores, and yet there were differences between their conceptions. For example, while teachers were more concerned with standards and validity, themes such as cheating emerged from students’ data. Assessment was also found to be stimulator of both adaptive behavior (such as an instrumental motivator) and maladaptive behavior (such as cheating) among students. These results offer remarkable implications for language learning, teaching, and testing for education policy-makers in developing countries.
How Often Can Earthquake Early Warning Systems Alert Sites With High‐Intensity Ground Motion?

Although numerous Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) algorithms have been developed to date, we lack a detailed understanding of how often and under what circumstances useful ground motion alerts can be provided to end users. In particular, it is unclear how often EEW systems can successfully alert sites with high ground motion intensities. These are the sites that arguably need EEW alerts the most, but they are also the most challenging ones to alert because they tend to be located close to the epicenter where the seismic waves arrive first. Here we analyze the alerting performance of the Propagation of Local Undamped Motion (PLUM), Earthquake Point‐Source Integrated Code (EPIC), and Finite‐Fault Rupture Detector (FinDer) algorithms by running them retrospectively on the seismic strong‐motion data of the 219 earthquakes in Japan since 1996 that exceeded Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) of 4.5 on at least 10 sites (Mw 4.5–9.1). Our analysis suggests that, irrespective of the algorithm, EEW end users should expect that EEW can often but not always provide useful alerts. Using a conservative warning time (tw) definition, we find that 40–60% of sites with strong to extreme shaking levels receive alerts with tw > 5 s. If high‐intensity shaking is caused by shallow crustal events, around 50% of sites with strong (MMI~6) and <20% of sites with severe and violent (MMI ≥ 8) shaking receive alerts with tw > 5 s. Our results provide detailed quantitative insight into the expected alerting performance for EEW algorithms under realistic conditions. We also discuss how operational systems can achieve longer warning times with more precautionary alerting strategies.
Nutrition as both risk factor and intervention in rheumatic diseases

The purpose of the paper is to provide a review of the effects of nutrition as a risk factor and intervention in the aspect of rheumatic diseases. Using information analysis methods, more than 100 special literature sources have been studied, including evidence based medicine computer databases. The significance of nutrition as a risk factor for the development and outcomes, first of all for rheumatoid arthritis and gout, is proved in large observational studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis dedicated to both preventive and therapeutic potential as well as to safety of different food products, diets, micronutrients and probiotics, including in connection with associated main risk factors of non-infectious diseases (tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, increased body mass index). The pathogenetic role of nutrition is considered in the context of its influence on gut microbiota. Necessity of the randomized controlled trials is shown in order to assess the protective potential of different nutritional patterns, as well as the effects of modified Mediterranean diet, some dietary supplements and probiotics intake in rheumatic diseases, and as a result — to develop special guidelines on nutrition in rheumatic patients. There is a sufficient evidence base of preventive counse­ling of such patients on nutritional issues with the aim of cardiovascular risk reduction.
Evaluation of heavy metals contamination in some irrigated vegetables from Kano, Nigeria

The content of Pb and Cr in some vegetables (viz lettuce, onion, carrot, tomato, pepper and amaranthus) grown on irrigated farm lands in the vicinity of Sharada industrial waste water drainage basin at Kaba village, Challawa, Kano, Challawa-Yandanko rivers and Thomas Dam, Danbatta, Kano, Nigeria were evaluated. It is situated at 8 o 29` 42” to 8 o 30` 54” E longitude and 11 o 5`18” to 11 o 5` 54” N latitude, also 8 o 30` 18” to 8 o 31` 30”E Longitude and 12 o 17` 6” to 12 o 16` 30”N Latitude. The objectives have been mainly to determine Cr, and Pb in edible parts of these vegetable samples which were frequently consumed by people in Kano and other parts of Nigeria in order to compare the heavy metals contents with the results obtained in analogous studies carried out in relation to the permissible limits specified by WHO/FAO, standards. Samples of vegetable were obtained in the dry season for the year 2018 from upstream and downstream portion of the sample sites. Analyses for the concentration of these heavy metals (Pb and Cr) were conducted by the use of Mass plama-Atomic Emission spectrometry (MP-AES) method. The Data obtained were expressed in terms of descriptive statistics while the figures were presented with mean values of three replicates. The statistical significance was computed using pair samples T-test to test the variation among the heavy metals in the vegetables and sites with a software JMP4 version 14. Results for the study indicated that concentration values of Pb (0.71-8.39 mgkg -1 ) and (Cr 9.58-28.30 mgkg -1 ) were higher than WHO/FAO maximum permissible limits for (Pb 0.3mgkg -1 ) and (Cr 2.3mgkg -1 ). The two way Anova test showed significant differences by farming site, vegetable type and their interaction. Furthermore, the study revealed that some areas of the sample site were more polluted by a particular metal than the other due to the revealing and anthropogenic activities such as the use of untreated industrial and municipal effluents, pesticides, fertilizer supplements for irrigation purposes in the area. Therefore, consumers of these vegetables run the risk of health problems like elevated blood pressure, developmental and neuro-behavioural effects on fetuses, in infants and children, cardiovascular, tubular dysfunction in kidneys and nervous disorders due the elevated concentrations of Cr and Pb in the vegetables. Keywords: Effluent, Heavy metals, Kano, Nigeria, Vegetables
Mobile enterprise application adoption: A South African insurance study

The factors impacting the adoption of mobile enterprise applications (MEAs) are important to understand if the value of using these applications is to materialize as improved business performance. By means of a review of the literature, the conceptual design of a model, a survey, and qualitative analysis, this mixed method study examined the factors which influence the adoption of three MEAs in the insurance industry. Interesting findings include the importance of willingness to fund devices on the adoption by users and the importance of job relevance and the location dependency of the MEAs on their usefulness. These findings are of relevance to researchers and organizations intending on deploying MEAs and practitioners should pay attention to the factors which can influence user acceptance of MEAs.
Quantifying Influences on Intragenomic Mutation Rate

We report work to quantify the impact on the probability of human genome polymorphism both of recombination and of sequence context at different scales. We use population-based analyses of data on human genetic variants obtained from the public Ensembl database. For recombination, we calculate the variance due to recombination and the probability that a recombination event causes a mutation. We employ novel statistical procedures to take account of the spatial auto-correlation of recombination and mutation rates along the genome. Our results support the view that genomic diversity in recombination hotspots arises from a direct effect of recombination on mutation rather than from the effect of selective sweeps. We also use the statistic of variance due to context to compare the effect on the probability of polymorphism of contexts of various sizes. We find that when the 12 point mutations are considered separately, variance due to context increases significantly as we move from 3-mer to 5-mer and from 5-mer to 7-mer contexts. However, when all mutations are considered in aggregate, these differences are outweighed by the effect of interaction between the central base and its immediate neighbors. This interaction is itself dominated by the transition mutations, including, but not limited to, the CpG effect. We also demonstrate strand-asymmetry of contextual influence in intronic regions, which is hypothesized to be a result of transcription coupled DNA repair. We consider the extent to which the measures we have used can be used to meaningfully compare the relative magnitudes of the impact of recombination and context on mutation.
Opposition to Immigration and (Anti‐)Environmentalism: An Application and Extension of the Social Dominance‐Environmentalism Nexus with 21 Countries in Europe

The social dominance-environmentalism nexus proposes that orientations for inequality and domination are expressed both in human-human and human-nature relations. In two studies, the present work applies and extends this proposition to understand endorsement of environmental values, concern with climate change, support for climate policies, and responsibility for climate action. In study one, using a representative random sample from Portugal (N=1270, 53.3% female; European Social Survey, ESS8), social dominance orientation showed unique associations with concern with climate change. Moreover, opposition to immigration (as expression of anti-egalitarianism in intergroup relations) showed unique associations with all four measures of environmentalism. In study two, multi-level analyses using representative random samples from 20 other countries in Europe (N=38830, 51.5% female; ESS8) confirmed the associations between opposition to immigration and environmentalism, controlling for a set of sociodemographic covariates, political orientation, and nesting at the country level. However, there were differences in the strength and direction of these associations based on country levels of societal development (i.e., Human-Development-Index; HDI). These differences reinforce the notion that context or situational variables may shape the links between diverse expressions of (anti-)egalitarianism and (anti-)environmentalism. Inputs for applied research on hierarchy-affirming tendencies toward others and the natural environment are proposed and discussed.
The rise in postpartum sterilization in cesarean and vaginal deliveries: United States 1970-85.

Estimates of the annual number of postpartum sterilizations and associated maternal and hospital characteristics in the US are available from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) conducted annually. Limited demographic and descriptive hospital data were abstracted from the medical record face sheet of a sample of over 200000 records from about 400 participating hospitals. The analysis was based on approximately 20000 medical records of women who entered the hospital to give birth. Postpartum sterilizations increased substantially for women of all ages except teenagers in the 1970-85 period. 7% of women in their early 20s and 10% in their late 20s had a postpartum sterilization in 1985 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 times the 1970 rate for these age groups. 14% of women in their early 30s and 23% of women in their late 30s were sterilized after giving birth in 1985 substantially higher than the proportion of women in their 30s who were sterilized in 1970. Coincidental with and major contributor to the rise in postpartum sterilization was the increase in the cesarean section rate. A woman who delivered by cesarean section was about twice as likely to choose to be sterilized as a woman with a vaginal delivery. In 1970 6/100 women delivered by cesarean section; the rate was 23/100 deliveries by 1985. All age groups contributed to this increase. Overall women who had a cesarean delivery were more than twice as likely to have a postpartum sterilization than women who delivered vaginally but this difference was due almost totally to the higher postpartum sterilization rate for repeat cesarean delivery. In both 1970 and 1985 women over 30 years regardless of type of delivery were far more likely to be sterilized than their younger counterparts. Age and parity were highly correlated but parity is not available from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. White women were less likely to choose to be sterilized than women from other races. Regardless of type of delivery the postpartum sterilization rate was highest in hospitals located in the South. A hospitals size as well as its location has a bearing on the frequency that postpartum sterilizations are performed. In 1985 small hospitals with fewer than 100 beds had a sterilization rate of 12/100 deliveries 1/3 higher than the rate of 9 for hospitals with 100 beds or more. The sterilization rate in small hospitals was 60% higher in the South than in other regions of the US. On the average women who had a postpartum sterilization spent 4.2 days in the hospital a full day longer than those who were not sterilized at time delivery.
Food choices at lunch during the third year of life: Increase in energy intake but decrease in variety

Aim: Modelling the evolution between the ages of 2 and 3 y of the energy intake and the variety of free food choices at lunch time in relation to children's and context variables. Methods: One‐year follow‐up from 2 to 3 y old. In a nursery canteen, food choices at lunch were recorded by trained assistants who monitored portion size. Energy intake and food variety were estimated. Three hundred and ninety‐five children were studied, for 112 meals and over 10 mo on average. Mixed models of analysis of variance were used to take into account the longitudinal character of the data. Results: From 2 to 3 y, energy intake increased. Variety decreased during the first 7 mo and then remained constant. The individual variability in mean values and in evolution was high for both variables. Energy was positively linked to BMI at 2 y. Variety was slightly higher for girls and increased with duration of breastfeeding. Energy was higher in September to November than in December–January. Variety was maximal in December–January and in June–July.