Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Respiration of the Atlantic Cod

Measurements of routine and standard rates of oxygen consumption of various sized cod at temperatures between 3 and 15 °C revealed a well-marked size effect; small cod consume oxygen at a greater rate per unit weight than do large ones. Increases in temperature raise oxygen consumption in starved and fed fish. The increase in rate of oxygen consumption of starved fish between 3 and 10° is proportionately greater than that between 10 and 15 °C. Feeding of cod which have previously been starved increases the rate of oxygen consumption by 40–90%. The rate subsides to the starvation level in 4–7 days depending on temperature and amount of food eaten. Handling cod causes them to increase their rate of oxygen consumption; rates return to normal levels in 3–5 hours. Crowding reduces the rate of oxygen consumption apparently by reducing the space for movement and thus restricting activity. Reducing the ambient oxygen from about 10 to 3 mg/l lowers the rate of oxygen consumption slightly, but the respiratory volum.
Video-based Machine Learning System for Commodity Classification

The cost of video cameras is decreasing rapidly while their resolution is improving. This makes them useful for a number of transportation applications. In this paper, we present an approach to commodity classification from surveillance videos by utilizing text information of logos on trucks. A new real-world benchmark dataset is collected and annotated accordingly that covers over 4,000 truck images. Our approach is evaluated on video data collected in collaboration with the state transportation entity. Results on this dataset indicate that our proposed approach achieved promising performance. This, along with prior work on trailer classification, can be effectively used for automatically deriving the commodity classification for trucks moving on highways using video collection and processing.
Language-oriented Sentiment Analysis based on the Grammar Structure and Improved Self-attention Network

: In the businesses, the sentiment analysis makes the brands understanding the sentiment of their customers. They can know what people are saying, how they’re saying it, and what they mean. There are many methods for sentiment analysis; however, they are not effective when were applied in Vietnamese language. In this paper, a method for Vietnamese sentiment analysis is studied based on the combining between the structure of Vietnamese language and the technique of natural language processing, self-attention with the Transformer architecture. Based on the analysing of the structure of a sentence, the transformer is used to process the word positions to determine the meaning of that sentence. The experimental results for Vietnamese sentiment analysis of our method is more effectively than others. Its accuracy and F-measure are more than 91% and its results are suitable to apply in practice for business intelligence.
β‐Globin gene haplotype in Hb SC disease

We asked the question, is the haplotype found with the sickle hemoglobin gene associated with different hematological characteristics in patients who were combined heterozygotes for sickle hemoglobin and hemoglobin C (Hb SC disease)? In 73 adults with Hb SC disease, a Benin haplotype chromosome was present in 56%, and Bantu (or Central African Republic; CAR), Senegal, and atypical haplotype chromosomes were found in 25%, 6%, and 12%, respectively. No significant differences were found in hematological characteristics or fetal hemoglobin levels of patients with Benin/C, CAR/C, Senegal/C, and atypical/C haplotypes. There were 71%C I, 18% C II, and 11% other βc haplotypes. Fetal hemoglobin levels are lower in Hb SC disease than in sickle‐cell anemia. Perhaps because haplotype has no discernible effect on fetal hemoglobin level in Hb SC disease, it does not modulate its hematological features. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predicting e-Mail Response Time in Corporate Customer Support

: Maintaining high degree of customer satisfaction is important for any corporation, which involves the customer support process. One important factor in this work is to keep customers’ wait time for a reply at levels that are acceptable to them. In this study we investigate to what extent models trained by the Random Forest learning algorithm can be used to predict e-mail time-to-respond time for both customer support agents as well as customers. The data set includes 51 , 682 customer support e-mails of various topics from a large telecom operator. The results indicate that it is possible to predict the time-to-respond for both customer support agents (AUC of 0 . 90) as well as for customers (AUC of 0 . 85). These results indicate that the approach can be used to improve communication efﬁciency, e.g. by anticipating the staff needs in customer support, but also indicating when a response is expected to take a longer time than usual.
Synthesis of designed acylquinic acid derivatives involved in blue color development of hydrangea and their co-pigmentation effect

The blue sepal color of hydrangea may be developed by an unstable supramolecular metal-complex pigment composed of delphinidin 3-glucoside (1), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (2) and 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid (3) as co-pigments and Al 3+ in aqueous solution. To clarify the structure of blue pigment and the role of co-pigments, various acylquinic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized. As a result of reproduction experiment using the synthesized co-pigments, it was revealed that 1-COOH, 1-OH and 5-0-ester of quinic acid moiety was essential for blue color development. The aromatic plane of the 5-O-acyl moiety contributes to the stability of the blue complex.
Development and prevalidation of two different ELISA systems for the potency testing of Clostridium perfringens β- and ε-toxoid containing veterinary vaccines

The potency testing of Clostridium perfringens mono- and multicomponent veterinary vaccines is currently performed with the mouse neutralisation test (MNT) to estimate levels of C. perfringens β- and ϵ-antitoxin levels in the sera of rabbits immunised with the vaccine. Two in vitro methods based on monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been developed for the determination of specific antibodies against C. perfringens β-toxin (capture ELISA) and ϵ-toxin (competitive ELISA) in these sera. Both test systems show high specificity and good reproducibility. These ELISA procedures were used in addition to the routine batch potency test in mice (MNT) to determine β- and ϵ-antitoxin levels in 523 samples of rabbit serum. There was good agreement between the rank order of sera determined in vivo and the rank order determined in vitro. Linear regression analysis gave correlation coefficients of 0.88 for the capture ELISA and 0.41 for the competitive ELISA, with a significance level of P<0.01 in both cases. Furthermore, a prevalidation study was carried out in four laboratories to evaluate the transferability of the ELISA procedures and the interlaboratory reproducibility of the results. Three coded serum samples were tested several times. The results indicated that both ELISA systems are suitable candidates to replace the MNT used for the potency testing of β- and ϵ-toxoid in mono- and multicomponent veterinary vaccines. However, these assays still need to be validated in an international collaborative study.
Developmental Stability Is Related to Fitness

Currently, there is an increasing interest in the use of various measures of developmental instability to understand a wide range of ecological and evolutionary problems, and also questions in fields such as human and veterinary medicine, conservation, and animal welfare (see reviews in Moller and Swaddle 1997; Thornhill and Moller 1997). The main reason for this interest stems from the hypothesis that measures of developmental instability may provide reliable information about the ability of individuals and populations to cope with their environment given their genetic setup. Recent reviews suggest that estimates of developmental instability such as fluctuating asymmetry to some extent predict success in realms of natural and sexual selection (reviews in Moller 1997; Moller and Swaddle 1997; Moller and Thornhill 1998). Clarke (1998) has suggested that evidence presented earlier (Moller 1997) on the relationship between developmental instability and various fitness components is unclear. He asserts that “other ) reviews on this topic (Clarke 1995a, 1995b; Markow 1995; Leung and Forbes 1996) have found only a weak, heterogeneous, and somewhat equivocal relationship between stability and fitness” (p. 762). This is not surprising given that the three first articles only used a narrative summary of the literature for their assessment, whereas the meta-analysis by Leung and Forbes (1996) included studies such as those on the relationship between the size of secondary sexual characters and their asymmetry, between stress and asymmetry,
Control of Phytophthora gummosis of citrus with systemic fungicides in Brazil.

Phytophthora gummosis and phytophthora root rot are the most important fungal diseases of citrus in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Phytophthora citrophthora and P. nicotianae var. parasitica are the main species that incite both diseases in all the citrus-growing areas of the State. Studies on the control of gummosis and root rot with systemic fungicides have been under way in the State since 1980. The efficacy of fosetyl-A1 and metataxyl to control gummosis incited by both fungi in lemon and sweet orange trees was confirmed. The best control was achieved when foliar sprays of fosetyl-A1 were combined with soil applications of metataxyl. The best timing was determined for application of these systemic products to control gummosis in the state.
The Effects of GM Technology on Maize Yield

In the United States, maize (Zea mays L.) farmers have adopted genetic-modification technology rapidly since its first commercialization in 1996. By 2012, 88% of U.S. maize is planted with genetically modified (GM) hybrids. Our objective in the paper is to present an empirical analysis of the determinants of U.S. maize yield using experimental maize production data, with a focus on the interaction effects of GM technology, management, and risk. Genetic-modification technology had a stronger impact on the lower end of maize yield distribution within a trial thereby reducing exposure to downside risk. A strong interaction exists between GM technology and crop rotations: GM reduces the adverse effects of maize–maize rotation on yield. As such, GM technology is found to be a substitute for crop rotation. Genetic-modification technology increases the yield gains associated with higher planting density. This indicates that GM technology offers good prospects for future improvements in maize productivity. J.P. Chavas, and G. Shi, Dep. of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706; and J. Lauer, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706. This research was supported by a USDA/AFRI grant and by a Hatch grant, College of Agricultural and Life Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison. Received 28 Nov. 2013. *Corresponding author ( jchavas@wisc.edu). Abbreviations: GM, genetically modified; pmaize, planted after maize. Published in Crop Sci. 54:1331–1335 (2014). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2013.10. 0709 © Crop Science Society of America | 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.
SELECTION CRITERIA, YIELD RELATIONSHIP WITH COMPONENT TRAITS AND GROUPING OF TROPICAL JAPONICA, INDICA LINES AND DERIVED HYBRIDS OF RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

Forty-five rice lines comprising of thirty derived hybrid lines obtained from ten tropical Japonica, three Indica and two national checks viz. Pusa Basmati 1121 and Sarjoo-52 were evaluated for selection parameters, yield contributing components and genetic divergence. Fifteen quantitative and three qualitative traits were studied from experimentation with randomized block design during Kharif 2011. The phenotypic coefficient of variability was higher than genotypic coefficient of variability for all of the traits. The highest estimates of broad sense heritability coupled with genetic advance in per cent of mean was recorded for spikelets per panicle, plant height followed by L:B ratio, spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle, biological yield per plant, flag leaf area, days to 50% flowering, plant height which might be due to the additive nature of gene action. Such results indicated that these traits will be reliable for the effective selection. Highly positive and significant correlation was observed at both phenotypic and genotypic level between grain yield per plant and biological yield per plant, followed by panicle bearing tillers per plant, spikelet fertility, panicle length, 1000- grain weight, grains per panicle, panicle weight, flag leaf length, spikelet per panicle, flag leaf area, kernel length, flag leaf width, days to 50% flowering, and harvest index. This relationship reflected that grain yield and aforesaid economic traits can be increased simultaneously in breeding programme to develop high yielding Indica as well as Tropical Japonica rice varieties. Whole genotypes grouped in 8 non-overlapping clusters exhibited maximum genetic diversity between clusters III i.e., TJ- 64897 × NDR-359, TJ-64897 × CSR36, TJ-64897 × PB-1 and VIII i.e., TJ-11010 × NDR359, TJ-11010 × PB-1, TJ-16081 × NDR-359, TJ-16081 × PB-1. These clusters also stand for early days to flowering, short slender, second highest harvest index and panicle bearing tillers per plant, spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, 1000- grain weight, long bold slender, biological yield per plant, and grain yield per plant. These genotypes showing higher mean performance for aforesaid traits can be exploited for enhancing hybrid vigour of desired New Plant Type with higher number of panicle bearing tillers per plant, spikelet per panicle and grains per spike in Indica as well as Tropical Japonica rice varieties for achieving higher yield. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/sja.v11i2. 18399 SAARC J. Agri. , 11(2): 17-32 (2013)
AP-2α selectively regulates fragile X mental retardation-1 gene transcription during embryonic development

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is almost always caused by silencing of the FMR1 gene. The defects observed in FXS indicate that the normal FMR1 gene has a range of functions and plays a particularly prominent role during development. However, the mechanisms regulating FMR1 expression in vivo are not known. Here, we have tested the role of the transcription factor AP-2alpha in regulating Fmr1 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that AP-2alpha associates with the Fmr1 promoter in vivo. Furthermore, Fmr1 transcript levels are reduced >4-fold in homozygous null AP-2alpha mutant mice at embryonic day 18.5 when compared with normal littermates. Notably, AP-2alpha exhibits a strong gene dosage effect, with heterozygous mice showing approximately 2-fold reduction in Fmr1 levels. Examination of conditional AP-2alpha mutant mice indicates that this transcription factor plays a major role in regulating Fmr1 expression in embryos, but not in adults. We further investigated the role of AP-2alpha in the developmental regulation of Fmr1 expression using the Xenopus animal cap assay. Over-expression of a dominant-negative AP-2alpha in Xenopus embryos led to reduced Fmr1 levels. Moreover, exogenous wild-type AP-2alpha rescued Fmr1 expression in embryos where endogenous AP-2alpha had been suppressed. We conclude that AP-2alpha associates with the Fmr1 promoter in vivo and selectively regulates Fmr1 transcription during embryonic development.
Scaling of metabolic rate in the lesser wax moth Achroia grisella does not fit the 3/4‐power law and shows significant sex differences

Allometric scaling of metabolic rates is commonly described as a power function and 0.75 is a widely accepted exponent. The universality of this exponent is in doubt and, particularly for insects, contradictory results have been obtained. Furthermore, sexual differences in scaling exponents are observed for several species that could lead to artefacts when they are not considered in intra‐ and interspecific scaling. Whether the metabolic scaling exponent in the lesser wax moth Achroia grisella differs significantly from 0.75 is tested, as well as whether it differs between the sexes. Adults of this moth neither feed nor drink, rendering them as suitable subjects for a study of metabolic rates. Neglecting sex differences, a metabolic scaling exponent of 0.8 is recorded. However, there are significant differences in metabolic scaling between the sexes. When considered separately, males scale with 0.96 and females with 0.67. Thus, in this species, a scaling exponent of 0.75 does not appear to exist either for males or females. The body size optimization model offers a potential explanation for the sex differences in metabolic scaling, although it remains to be tested in wax moths. With insects in particular, there is the need for more detailed studies on the scaling of metabolic rates that also take sexual differences into account.
A new aerial alga, Stichococcus ampulliformis sp. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) from Japan

A new aerial alga, Stichococcus ampulliformis S. Handa sp. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) is described based on a clone isolated from the bark of Cephalotaxus harringtonia (Knight ex Forbes) K. Koch collected from Taishaku‐kyo Gorge, Hiroshima Prefecture, south‐west Japan. This alga was examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and subjected to molecular phylogenetic analysis. Based on its morphological features and life‐cycle, especially short filament formation, the alga was assigned to the genus Stichococcus Nägeli. However, this alga differs from other described Stichococcus species in that it reproduces by a form of ‘budding’, producing two daughter cells of different sizes. The larger cell, enclosed within the mother cell wall, soon reaches the size of a normal vegetative cell. The smaller cell is extruded and takes longer to reach full vegetative size. A phylogenetic tree constructed using 18S rRNA sequences indicated that, within the Trebouxiophyceae, S. ampulliformis is closely related to S. bacillaris Nägeli and some species of Prasiola Meneghini.
Systematic studies on the Mexican Zamiaceae. I. Chromosome numbers and karyotypes.

Chromosome numbers and karyotypes are reported for seven species in three genera, of Mexican cycads. Karyotypic analysis of Cycads is made difficult by differential contraction, of their large chromosomes but idiograms are presented. Satellite variation is reported for three species of Ceratozamia. No satellites are reported for the three species of Zamia.
The Comparative Anatomy and Phylogeny of the Betulaceae

1. The wood anatomy of the Betulaceae has been studied comparatively in an attempt to use it in establishing the phylogenetic position of the family. 2. Descriptions are given of the wood of the six genera-Alnus, Betula, Corylus, Ostryopsis, Carpinus, and Ostrya-as well as of the two tribes in which these genera occur (Betuleae and Coryleae) and of the family as a whole. 3. The trends of specialization within the family, as evidenced by wood anatomy, are discussed. The tribe Betuleae is more primitive than the Coryleae. In the former tribe Alnus is less specialized than Betula in the possession of some opposite intervascular pitting and many-barred perforation plates. Betula has mostly alternate pitting and has a reduced number and wider bars in the perforation plates. In the tribe Coryleae, Corylus and Ostryopsis have spiral thickenings in the vessels; the rays are heterogeneous; the perforation plates are scalariform with few, wide bars; and the intervascular pitting is alternate. Carpinus shows a tendency toward simple perforations and homogeneous rays, and in Ostrya the perforations are almost entirely simple, with only a few scalariform perforation plates in the smaller vessels. Most of these characters of the Coryleae indicate greater specialization than in the Betuleae. 4. Evidence from other fields of investigation is introduced to indicate that the Betulaceae are moderately specialized and to suggest that the family is probably derived from some hamamelidaceous ancestor.
Siderophores produced by Vibrio anguillarum in vitro and in infected rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

Ten strains of Vibrio anguillarum produced three different types of iron-binding compounds when cultured under different conditions. These were (1) a common phenolate siderophore produced by all strains. (2) a hydroxamate siderophore produced by three strains and (3) a second phenolate siderophore, tentatively identified as anguibactin, produced by V. anguillarum strain 775 and two other strains, all of which contained a plasmid of 45–50 Md. The relative affinities of these siderophores, determined by competition for 55Fe was: anguibactin < hydroxamate siderophore < common phenolate siderophore. However, under these conditions, none removed iron from purified aerobactin. Experimental infection of rainbow trout. Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), showed that only the common phenolate siderophore was detected in the kidney and spleen of fish infected with strains 91079 and NCIMB6. The hydroxamate siderophore produced in vitro by strain NCIMB6 was not detected in vivo. However, in the kidney of fish infected with strain 775, both the common phenolate siderophore and anguibactin were detected, showing that a second uptake system is required by strain 775 in vivo and that the iron-uptake system based on the common phenolate siderophore is defective.
Cytomorphology and distribution of periphytic cyanobacteria in one Italian waste water treatment plant

Cyanobacterial species composition of periphytic community living in Fiumicino (Rome, Italy) Airport waste water treatment plant (WWTP) was followed over a two year period in the sedimentation and chlorination tanks. A total of 5 Chroococcalean and 12 Oscillatorialean species was identified. Spatio-temporal distribution of taxa was rather constant during the year, and only two filamentous species seemed to be affected by chlorine treatment. Chl a/Chl b and Chl a/Chl c ratios showed homogeneous distribution of cyanobacteria, diatoms and green algae within the biofilm. Nucleic acid arrangement inside the cells was evaluated using the fluorochrome DAPI. Calcofluor White and AO labelling also provided EPS localisation in epifluorescence. TEM techniques were used to observe ultrastructural features of taxa.