Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Magnetoelastic Anisotropy on the Magnetization Processes in Rapidly Quenched Amorphous Nanowires

In this paper, we report for the first time on the theoretical and experimental investigation of Fe77.5Si7. 5B15 amorphous glass-coated nanowires by analyzing samples with the same diameters in both cases. The hysteresis curves, the dependence of the switching field values on nanowire dimensions, and the effect of the magnetoelastic anisotropy on the magnetization processes were analyzed and interpreted to explain the magnetization reversal in highly magnetostrictive amorphous nanowires prepared in cylindrical shape by rapid quenching from the melt. All the measured samples were found to be magnetically bistable, being characterized by rectangular hysteresis loops. The most important feature of the study is the inclusion of the magnetoelastic anisotropy term that originates in the specific production process of these amorphous nanowires. The results show that the switching field decreases when the nanowire diameter increases and this effect is due to the reduction in anisotropy and in the intrinsic mechanical stresses. Moreover, the obtained results reveal the importance of factors such as geometry and magnetoelastic anisotropy for the experimental design of cylindrical amorphous nanowires for multiple applications in miniaturized devices, like micro and nanosensors.
An Equilibrium Transport Formula for Modeling Sedimentation of Dredged Channels

The proposed formula for modeling sedimentation is based on a concept of hydrodynamic equilibrium in sediment transport. Hydrodynamic equilibrium occurs when the sediment transport is in a form of grain jumps with the distance traveled dx smaller than the one established in the numerical modeling. A first-order upwind scheme FDM is applied. It provides the solution to equations describing changes in bathymetry in time and space coupled with simultaneous changes of bed sediment distribution. A clear-cut division of sediment transport into those during wave crest and wave trough is proposed. The results of bathymetry modeling coincided satisfactorily with the laboratory data. Moreover, the longer the experiments run, the more the results of measurements are compliant with the calculations. A certain time is needed for sediment transport to reach the hydrodynamic equilibrium, especially when the suspended load is significant. It is reached after going through the initial stages of bed level changes coupled with simultaneous changes of grain size distribution. The application of the model to field conditions shows its ability to predict sedimentation of dredged channels. Furthermore, the calculations show a good agreement with measured bed grain size distributions of sediment samples taken from the sites within the navigational channel of Łeba Port in Poland.
Sill-Influenced Exchange Flows in Ice Shelf Cavities

Bathymetric sills are important features in the ocean-filled cavities beneath a few fast-retreating ice shelves in West Antarctica and northern Greenland. The sills can be high enough to obstruct the cavity circulation and thereby modulate glacial melt rates. This study focuses on the idealized problem of diabatically driven, sill-constrained overturning circulation in a cavity. The circulation beneath fast-melting ice shelves can generally be characterized by an inflow of relatively warm dense water (with temperatures of a few degrees Celsius above the local freezing point) at depth and cold, less-dense, outflowing water, which exhibits an approximately two-layer structure in observations. We use a two-layer isopycnal hydrostatic model to study the cross-sill exchange of these waters in ice shelf cavities wide enough to be rotationally dominated. A quasigeostrophic constraint is determined for the transport imposed by the stratification. Relative to this constraint, the key parameters controlling the transport and its variability are the sill height relative to the bottom layer thickness and the strength of the friction relative to the potential vorticity (PV) gradient imposed by the sill. By varying these two key parameters, we simulate a diversity of flow phenomena. For a given meridional pressure gradient, the cross-sill transport is controlled by sill height beyond a critical threshold in the eddy-permitting, low-friction regime, while it is insensitive to friction in both the low-friction and high-friction regimes. We present theoretical ideas to explain the flow characteristics: a Stommel boundary layer for the friction-dominated regime; mean–eddy PV balances and energy conversion in the low-friction, low-sill regime; and hydraulic control in the low-friction, high-sill regime, with various estimates for transport in each of these regimes.
The importance of incorporating systems thinking and One Health in global health classrooms: findings from a One Health simulation activity

There are several challenges and opportunities in health education in global health. Given the field’s rapid expansion, demand for including systems thinking and One Health (a unifying approach that considers human, animal, and environmental health) in global health courses has recently increased. Simulation activities provide an avenue to attain and assess learning objectives that foster critical and systems thinking. This study carried out a One Health simulation activity in an undergraduate global health course, conducted a focus group discussion, and obtained responses from written questionnaires from students who participated in the activity. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results show that the One Health simulation was instrumental for students to understand the complex interactions between different actors and stakeholders in global health systems. The One Health simulation also improved class dynamics, peer-to-peer interactions, and collaborations in the remaining part of the course. The activity helped assess two of the critical thinking learning objectives of the course, and there was some evidence that student agency and confidence may have been improved. Evidence shows that the activity helped students understand the principles of systems thinking and apply them in complex scenarios. Findings support including interactive simulation activities in global health courses to include elements of system science and One Health into classroom activities innovatively and engagingly.
Potential role of odanacatib in the treatment of osteoporosis

: Cathepsin K is a key enzyme involved in the degradation of organic bone matrix by osteoclasts. Inhibition of bone resorption observed in human and animal models deficient for cathepsin K has identified this enzyme as a suitable target for intervention by small molecules with the potential to be used as therapeutic agents in the treatment of osteoporosis. Odanacatib (ODN) is a nonbasic selective cathepsin K inhibitor with good pharmacokinetic parameters such as minimal in vitro metabolism, long half-life, and oral bioavailability. In preclinical studies, ovariectomized monkeys and rabbits treated with ODN showed substantial inhibition of bone resorption markers along with increases in bone mineral density (BMD). Significant differences were observed in the effects of ODN treatment compared with those of other antiresorptive agents such as bisphosphonates and denosumab. ODN displayed compartment-specific effects on trabecular versus cortical bone formation, with treatment resulting in marked increases in periosteal bone formation and cortical thickness in ovariectomized monkeys whereas trabecular bone formation was reduced. Furthermore, osteoclasts remained viable. Phase I and II studies conducted in postmenopausal women showed ODN to be safe and well tolerated. After 5 years, women who received ODN 50 mg weekly continuously from year 1 (n = 13), showed BMD increases from baseline of 11.9% at the lumbar spine, 9.8% at the femoral neck, 10.9% at the hip trochanter, and 8.5% at the total hip. Additionally, these subjects maintained a low level of the urine bone resorption marker N-terminal telopeptide/creatinine ( - 67.4% from baseline) through 5 years of treatment, while levels of serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase remained only slightly reduced relative to baseline ( - 15.3%). In women who were switched from ODN to placebo after 2 years, bone turnover markers were transiently increased and BMD gains reversed after 12 months off medication. Adverse experiences in the ODN-treated group were not significantly different from the placebo group. In conclusion, available data suggests that cathepsin K inhibition could be a promising intervention with which to treat osteoporosis. Ongoing studies are expected to provide information on the long-term efficacy in fracture reduction and safety of prolonged treatment with ODN.
Medication Adherence Barriers and Their Relationship to Health Determinants for Saudi Pediatric Dialysis Patients

Medication adherence is critical for the treatment and improved outcomes of chronic diseases. However, there is little research on the medication adherence of pediatric dialysis patients in Saudi Arabia. This study examines medication adherence barriers and their relationship to health determinants among Saudi children on dialysis, to enhance treatment success. We conducted a hospital-based, cross-sectional survey of pediatric dialysis patients using a simple random sampling technique. There is a trend of higher medication adherence for peritoneal dialysis patients compared with hemodialysis patients (36.1 ± 12.9 vs. 34.7 ± 8.3, p = 0.07). The leading barriers to medication adherence for all patients included being tired of taking the medication (score = 3.0256), not feeling like taking the medicine sometimes (score = 2.7436), bad taste (score = 2.5513), and forgetfulness (score = 2.41). Determinants of health were associated with medication adherence. Lack of education (56.4%) (some children underage for school) and chronic disease requirements (16.7%) were common barriers. After adjusting for the common confounders, the adherence scores increased significantly with increasing patient age (β = 2.378, p < 0.001), patients with working parents (β = 8.726, p = 0.011), and those living outside Riyadh (β = 19.198, p < 0.001). Medication adherence among pediatric dialysis patients is influenced by sociodemographic factors, health systems, and access to care. Evidence-based targeted interventions can increase medication adherence in this group on frequent dialysis. Future efforts should utilize systematic frameworks and digital health technologies to provide quality alternatives to improve medication adherence.
Fingerprints of Conspiracy Theories: Identifying Signature Information Sources of a Misleading Narrative and Their Roles in Shaping Message Content and Dissemination

This study investigates the role of information sources in the propagation and reception of misleading narratives on social media, focusing on the case of the Chemtrail conspiracy theory—a false claim that the trails in the sky behind airplanes are chemicals deliberately spread for sinister reasons. We collected data from Facebook Pages and Groups discussing the conspiracy theory. We specifically focused on identifying and analyzing “signature” information sources, which are repeatedly used by online communities engaged in the discussion of a misleading narrative but are not widely used by other communities. The findings indicate that messages referencing signature sources contain more death-, illness-, risk-, and health-related words, convey more negativity, and elicit more negative reactions from users, compared with those without signature sources. The insights from this study could contribute to the development of effective strategies to monitor and counter the spread of misleading narratives in digital spaces.
Noble Gases in Deepwater Oils of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico

Hydrocarbon migration and emplacement processes remain underconstrained despite the vast potential economic value associated with oil and gas. Noble gases provide information about hydrocarbon generation, fluid migration pathways, reservoir conditions, and the relative volumes of oil versus water in the subsurface. Produced gas He‐Ne‐Ar‐Kr‐Xe data from two distinct oil fields in the Gulf of Mexico (Genesis and Hoover‐Diana) are used to calibrate a model that takes into account both water‐oil solubility exchange and subsequent gas cap formation. Reconstructed noble gas signatures in oils reflect simple (two‐phase) oil‐water exchange imparted during migration from the source rock to the trap, which are subsequently modified by gas cap formation at current reservoir conditions. Calculated, oil to water volume ratios ( VoVw ) in Tertiary‐sourced oils from the Hoover‐Diana system are 2–3 times greater on average than those in the Jurassic sourced oils from the Genesis reservoirs. Higher VoVw in Hoover‐Diana versus Genesis can be interpreted in two ways: either (1) the Hoover reservoir interval has 2–3 times more oil than any of the individual Genesis reservoirs, which is consistent with independent estimates of oil in place for the respective reservoirs, or (2) Genesis oils have experienced longer migration pathways than Hoover‐Diana oils and thus have interacted with more water. The ability to determine a robust VoVw , despite gas cap formation and possible gas cap loss, is extremely powerful. For example, when volumetric hydrocarbon ratios are combined with independent estimates of hydrocarbon migration distance and/or formation fluid volumes, this technique has the potential to differentiate between large and small oil accumulations.
Impaired hemodynamics of the patella in patients with patellofemoral pain: A case–control study

Abstract Purpose According to the homeostasis model, patellofemoral pain (PFP) arises as a consequence of disturbed homeostasis of anterior structures of the knee due to vascular insufficiency. Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows to measure changes of concentrations (µmol/cm2) of (de)‐oxygenated hemoglobine (HHb and O2Hb). The aim was to study differences in patellar hemodynamics between patients and healthy controls. Methods Hemodynamics of patients (n = 30 [female = 20, age = 21.5, BMI = 22.9]) and controls (n = 30 (female = 18, age = 21.4, BMI = 22.4]) were evaluated for two activities (‘Prolonged Sitting’ and ‘Stair Descent’). Blinding for health status was implemented. Results During ‘Prolonged Sitting’, PFP patients exhibited smaller decreases in mean changes for HHb (PFP [M = −1.5 to −1.9], healthy controls [M = −2.0 to −2.3]) and O2Hb (PFP [M = −2.0 to −3.2], healthy controls [M = −3.4 to −4.1]). However, these differences were statistically non‐significant (p = 0.14–0.82 and p = 0.056–0.18, respectively). Conversely, for ‘Stair Descent’, PFP patients showed statistically significant smaller decreases in mean changes for HHb (PFP [M = −1.9, SD = 1.8], healthy controls [M = −2.5, SD = 1.7], p = 0.043) and O2Hb (PFP [M = −3.2, SD = 3.2], healthy controls [M = −4.9, SD = 2.7], p = 0.004). Conclusions The differences suggest potential impairment in patellar hemodynamics in PFP patients, providing support for the homeostasis model. Evidence‐based treatment strategies targeting patellar hemodynamics should be further refined and subjected to evaluation in clinical trials. Level of Evidence Level III.
Effects of Sb on structure, micro structure and electrical characteristics of Sb-modified (K0.41Na0.59)NbO3 ceramics

Lead-free (Na0.59K0.41)(Nb1-xSbx)O3 ceramic (x = 0 ÷ 0.12) were prepared by the solid phase reaction method. The influence of Sb concentration on the structure, microstructure and electrical properties of the ceramic was studied. Results indicate that the presence of pure perovskite phase was revealed by XRD patterns recorded for the ceramics, which also showed a shift in structure from orthorhombic to mixed rhombohedral and tetragonal with an increase in x value. At x = 0.06, the ceramics express the best microstructure, the particles were tightly packed with an average particle size of 1.76 µm. The (Na0,59K0,41)(Nb0,94Sb0,06)O3 ceramics have the best dielectric and ferroelectric properties: the ceramic density (r) is 4.48 g/cm3 (relative density: 98.7% of the theoretical value); highest dielectric constant at TC (emax) of 12031; dielectric constant at RT (ε) of 945; low dielectric loss (tanδ) of 0.15; and high remanent polarization (Pr) of 11,2 mC/cm2; and the reactance field (Ec) of 8.7 kV/cm, and the phase transition temperatures (TC) of 372 °C, and (TO-T) of 157 °C.
Cecropin A: investigation of a host defense peptide with multifaceted immunomodulatory activity in a chicken hepatic cell culture

Introduction Host defense peptides (HDPs) are increasingly referred to as promising candidates for the reduction of the use of conventional antibiotics, thereby combating antibiotic resistance. As HDPs have been described to exert various immunomodulatory effects, cecropin A (CecA) appears to be a potent agent to influence the host inflammatory response. Methods In the present study, a chicken primary hepatocyte–non-parenchymal cell co-culture was used to investigate the putative immunomodulatory effects of CecA alone and in inflammatory conditions evoked by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C). To examine the viability of the cells, the extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was determined by colorimetric assay. Inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-8 and transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) were investigated using the ELISA method, whereas concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were assayed by Luminex xMAP technology. Extracellular H2O2 and malondialdehyde levels were measured by fluorometric and colorimetric methods, respectively. Results Results of the lower concentrations suggested the safe application of CecA; however, it might contribute to hepatic cell membrane damage at its higher concentrations. We also found that the peptide alleviated the inflammatory response, reflected by the decreased production of the pro-inflammatory IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-γ. In addition, CecA diminished the levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and TGF-ß1. The oxidative markers measured remained unchanged in most cases of CecA exposure. Discussion CecA displayed a multifaceted immunomodulatory but not purely anti-inflammatory activity on the hepatic cells, and might be suggested to maintain the hepatic inflammatory homeostasis in Poly I:C-triggered immune response. To conclude, our study suggests that CecA might be a promising molecule for the development of new immunomodulatory antibiotic-substitutive agents in poultry medicine; however, there is still a lot to clarify regarding its cellular effects.
Abondance et conservation de Prolemur simus dans les sites de basse altitude de Sahavola et Ambalafary, District de Brickaville

figure parmi les primates les plus menaces au monde. Nous presentons ici une mise a jour des donnees relatives a l’abondance de l’espece et les menaces qui l’affectent sur deux sites isoles dans la zone deboisee de basse altitude au sud-est du Corridor Ankeniheny–Zahamena (CAZ ), Sahavola et Ambalafary, et quelques recommandations quant a la conservation de l’espece et de son habitat. Notre etude s’est principalement deroulee entre septembre et decembre 2010, avec un retour plus bref sur les sites en mars 2011. Nous avons constate une augmentation de la population sur chacun des sites : celle de Sahavola a atteint 32 individus, avec au moins quatre naissances durant l’etude, et repartis dans 3 groupes ; celle d’Ambalafary, 20 individus dans un seul groupe, avec six naissances. A Sahavola, la principale source de nourriture etait le bambou
Assessing the New 2020 ESGO/ESTRO/ESP Endometrial Cancer Risk Molecular Categorization System for Predicting Survival and Recurrence

Simple Summary This study explores the use of the 2020 ESGO/ESTRO/ESP molecular classification system in predicting survival and recurrence rates in patients with endometrial cancer. It aims to assess the effectiveness of this new classification by comparing it with previous ESMO guidelines. By incorporating both clinicopathological and molecular factors into the risk assessment, this research seeks to offer a more precise method for categorizing patients, potentially leading to more tailored and effective treatment strategies. The findings could significantly influence future approaches to managing endometrial cancer, emphasizing the importance of molecular risk categorization in improving patient outcomes. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the 2020 European Society of Gynecological Oncology/European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology/European Society of Pathology (ESGO/ESTRO/ESP) guidelines for endometrial cancer (EC). Additionally, a novel risk category incorporating clinicopathological and molecular factors was introduced. The predictive value of this new category for recurrence and survival in Korean patients with EC was assessed, and comparisons were made with the 2013 and 2016 European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) risk classifications. Patients with EC were categorized into the POLE-mutated (POLEmut), mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd), p53-aberrant (P53abn), and nonspecific molecular profile (NSMP) subtypes. Recurrence, survival, and adjuvant therapy were assessed according to each classification. Notably, patients with the POLEmut subtype showed no relapse, while patients with the P53abn subtype exhibited higher recurrence (31.8%) and mortality rates (31.8%). Regarding adjuvant therapy, 33.3% of low-risk patients were overtreated according to the 2020 ESGO/ESTRO/ESP guidelines. Overall and progression-free survival differed significantly across molecular classifications, with the POLEmut subtype showing the best and the P53abn subtype showing the worst outcomes. The 2020 ESGO molecular classification system demonstrated practical utility and significantly influenced survival outcomes. Immunohistochemistry for TP53 and MMR, along with POLE sequencing, facilitated substantial patient reclassification, underscoring the clinical relevance of molecular risk categories in EC management.
Integrated taxonomy, biology and biogeography of the Afrotropical genus Xyloctonus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

The peculiar Afrotropical bark beetle genus Xyloctonus Eichhoff, 1872 is revised and its biology described. Several unusual morphological features reflect adaptations to predator avoidance as they are highly exposed during mating externally on tree trunks and branches. Observations invariably indicate that males and females abandon the nest under bark at an early stage of progeny, the males already before eggs hatch, potentially engaging in subsequent additional matings. Most species have a clear preference for host plants in the plant family Sapotaceae. Although the genus is broadly distributed in forested parts of Africa, Madagascar and Mauritius, most species are found in the eastern part of this range. A Bayesian biogeographical analysis revealed a possible origin of the genus in Madagascar in the early Eocene, with subsequent colonisation of the southern African region in late Eocene. This contrasts with the closely-related xyloctonine genus Ctonoxylon Hagedorn, 1910, which is of western Congolian ancestry and more recently reached Madagascar multiple times during late Miocene. Two new species are described: Xyloctonus magnussp. nov. from Madagascar and X. genierisp. nov. from Burkina Faso. Synonyms are proposed for X. subcostatus Eggers, 1939 (= X. striatus Eggers, 1939) and X. scolytoides Eichhoff, 1872 (= X. latus Eggers, 1922). Identification to species is provided in a key illustrated with photographs of most species.