Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THU0100 Results from a 2-part, proof-of-concept, dose-ranging, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study of sirukumab, a human anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate therapy

Objectives To determine the efficacy and safety of SC sirukumab (SRM) dose regimens & to describe PK & PD in active RA pts in a Ph2 dose-ranging Part B study. Methods Pts w/ active RA despite MTX were randomized: (1) PBO q2w at wks 0–10, then SRM 100mg q2w at wks 12–24; (2) SRM 100mg q2w at wks 0–24; (3) SRM 100mg q4w at wks 0–24; (4) SRM 50mg q4w at wks 0–24; or (5) SRM 25mg q4w at wks 0–24. Primary endpt ACR50 at wk12, compared btw each active grp vs PBO. Key secondary endpts: change from baseline (BL) in DAS28 (CRP) at wk12, serum SRM PK, & % change from BL in serum CRP at wk2. Results In Part B, 151 pts were randomized & treated. 85% female, 60% Caucasian, 21% Japanese. At BL, mean age:53±11yrs, mean weight:69±15kg, mean DAS28 (CRP):5.9±0.9, & median serum CRP:1.7mg/dL. 26 (87%) PBO pts crossed over to SRM 100mg q2w at wk12. At wk12, SRM sig improved ACR50 (overall p=0.010) & sig decreased DAS28 (p<0.001). At wk12, higher % of pts achieved moderate/good DAS28 (CRP) responses in each grp (93.4%, 86.6%, 90.0%, & 83.9% in SRM 100mg q2w, 100mg q4w, 50mg q4w, & 25mg q4w grps, resp) compared w/ PBO (60.0%). Stat sig (p<0.05) was achieved in SRM 100mg q2w & 50mg q4w tx grps. SRM PK were linear over SC dose range of 25–100mg. PK were generally consistent btw Caucasians & Japanese. Mean serum CRP decreased>80% from BL w/ SRM at wk2 & remained suppressed thru wk24. Thru wk38, AEs occurred more often w/ SRM than PBO (81 vs 67%), including minor infections/infestations (31 vs 13%), GI disorders (19 vs 10%), & injection site reactions (16 vs 3%). Leukopenia (19, 13% [1 NCI Gr 3]), neutropenia (5, 3% [3 Gr 3]), thrombocytopenia (3, 2% [1 Gr 3, 1 Gr 4]), & lymphopenia (2, 1%, [1 Gr 3, 1 Gr 4]) were reported w/ SRM. ALT (8 Gr 3, 7%) & AST (1 Gr 3, 1%) elevations not associated w/ increased bilirubin; & sustained increase from BL starting at wk2 in total cholesterol (mean SRM vs PBO: 19%±17% vs -5%±12%) & LDL (20%±20% vs -4%±22%) were seen w/ SRM. These lab abnormalities occurred w/o dose relationship or short term clinical sequelae. SAEs were more common w/ PBO (4, 13%) than SRM (13, 9%); majority were infections. 1 pt died of unrelated brain aneurysm. 4/136 (3%; 2 100mg q4w, 2 PBO→100mg q2w) evaluable pts had antibodies to SRM thru wk38; 3 of these pts were ACR50 responders at wk24, 0 had injection site reactions. Conclusions SRM was efficacious & generally well tolerated. SRM PK were linear over SC regimens ranging from 25 to 100mg. Disclosure of Interest B. Hsu Employee of: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, S. Sheng Employee of: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, J. Smolen Grant/Research support from: Investigators for Janssen Research & Development, LLC sponsored clinical study, M. Weinblatt Grant/Research support from: Investigators for Janssen Research & Development, LLC sponsored clinical study
Learning to select pseudo labels: a semi-supervised method for named entity recognition

Deep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performance in named entity recognition (NER); the good performance, however, relies heavily on substantial amounts of labeled data. In some specific areas such as medical, financial, and military domains, labeled data is very scarce, while unlabeled data is readily available. Previous studies have used unlabeled data to enrich word representations, but a large amount of entity information in unlabeled data is neglected, which may be beneficial to the NER task. In this study, we propose a semi-supervised method for NER tasks, which learns to create high-quality labeled data by applying a pre-trained module to filter out erroneous pseudo labels. Pseudo labels are automatically generated for unlabeled data and used as if they were true labels. Our semi-supervised framework includes three steps: constructing an optimal single neural model for a specific NER task, learning a module that evaluates pseudo labels, and creating new labeled data and improving the NER model iteratively. Experimental results on two English NER tasks and one Chinese clinical NER task demonstrate that our method further improves the performance of the best single neural model. Even when we use only pre-trained static word embeddings and do not rely on any external knowledge, our method achieves comparable performance to those state-of-the-art models on the CoNLL-2003 and OntoNotes 5.0 English NER tasks.
Reducing ISP Cost by Caching of P2P Traffic Course Project for EE695B

The advent of peer-to-peer applications has led to a significant growth of network traffic and thereby a significant concern among ISPs about the growing operating costs. However, the traffic generated by peer-to-peer applications such as BitTorrent has redundancy, which can be exploited by caching to reduce the network traffic. In this project, we focused on BitTorrent and proposed to reduce the ISP’s cost by caching BitTorrent traffic on the ISP’s gateway. Because the cache has limited storage capacity, the cached data should be replaced when the cache fills up. The local-rarest-first block selection strategy employed by BitTorrent clients has impact on the choice of the replacement policy. In this project, we studied by simulation the performance of three proposed replacement policies as well as two classical replacement policies. Our simulation results showed that our coarse rank-based replacement policy performs best among five policies under typical network topology and BitTorrent user behavior pattern.
Telecommunication Externality on Migration: Evidence from Chinese Villages

We use a unique data set of Chinese villages to investigate whether access to telecommunications, in particular, landline phones, increases the likelihood of outmigration. By using regional and time variations in the installation of landline phones, our difference-in-differences (DID) estimation shows that the access to landline phones increases the ratio of out-migrant workers by 2 percentage points, or about 51 percent of the sample mean in China. The results remain robust to a battery of validity checks. Furthermore, landline phones affect outmigration through two channels: information access on job opportunities and timely contact with left-behind family members. Our findings underscore the positive migration externality of expanding telecommunications access in rural areas, especially in places where migration potential is large.
Differentially Private Algorithms for Learning Mixtures of Separated Gaussians

Learning the parameters of Gaussian mixture models is a fundamental and widely studied problem with numerous applications. In this work, we give new algorithms for learning the parameters of a high-dimensional, well separated, Gaussian mixture model subject to the strong constraint of differential privacy. In particular, we give a differentially private analogue of the algorithm of Achlioptas and McSherry (COLT 2005). Our algorithm has two key properties not achieved by prior work: (1) The algorithm’s sample complexity matches that of the corresponding non-private algorithm up to lower order terms in a wide range of parameters. (2) The algorithm requires very weak a priori bounds on the parameters of the mixture.
Quantum Composites: A Review, and New Results for Models for Condensed Matter Nuclear Science

A composite is made up of constituent particles; the center of mass dynamics is that of a single particle, and the composite can have many internal states and degrees of freedom. The notion of a quantum composite is foundational to atomic, molecular, nuclear and particle physics; in our view it is also foundational to condensed matter nuclear science. It comes as a surprise that there do not appear to be review papers that discuss quantum composites. Here we consider elementary particles models, which are used to model composites; the most widely used example is that of the Dirac phenomenology for protons and neutrons. Quantum composite models can be developed from many-particle models, in some cases simply by rewriting in terms of center of mass and relative operators, and in other cases through a reduction or transformation. We have proposed models for anomalies in condensed matter nuclear science which rely heavily on the notion of a relativistic quantum composite. In the nonrelativistic case there is a clean separation of center of mass and internal degrees of freedom, so that any coupling between them must occur through external field interactions. The relativistic composite has a sizeable coupling between the center of mass motion and internal degrees of freedom, which we have proposed is responsible for the anomalies in condensed matter nuclear science. We have developed a new model in which the center of mass dynamics is modeled as nonrelativistic, but the internal structure is kept relativistic; this kind of model is much better adapted to problems in condensed matter nuclear science. Our approach has been strongly criticized, since in a Poincaré invariant theory the center of mass motion separates from the internal degrees of freedom in free space. We are able to rotate out the strongest part of this coupling in free space, consistent with Poincaré invariance. However, in the lattice the problem is in general much more complicated, and more powerful tools are required to diagonalize this relativistic coupling. The spin-boson type of models that we have considered previously for this are the simplest idealized models that can be diagonalized; they describe rich dynamics not present in the free-space version of the problem. c © 2016 ISCMNS. All rights reserved. ISSN 2227-3123
IFRS ADVANTAGES BEYOND THE CONSOLIDATED EARNINGS: A VALUATION PERSPECTIVE OF PARENT-COMPANIES AND INVESTEES

This paper sheds some light on the benefits of IFRS adoption beyond consolidated earnings under a valuation perspective. Specifically, we investigate the extent to which the transition to IFRS help investors to better understand the information content of Parent-only and Investees’ earnings when forming expectation about future earnings. We present an approach that totally exclude from the parent company's earnings the amount corresponding to the equity accounting result arising from the investees’ earnings. This measure turns in an advantage since it allow us to completely segregate consolidated earnings into its parent-only and investees’ earnings components (i.e.: affiliates, subsidiaries or joint venture). We show that investees plays an important role in the capital structure of Brazilian companies. Moreover, our results reveal that in Brazil investors overprice the persistence of the investees' earnings in the pre-IFRS period, and that this market anomaly could no longer be detected after IFRS adoption. These findings suggest that the IFRS adoption generates benefits beyond the consolidated level by increasing investors' attention on the investees and by allowing market participants to better understand affiliated transactions.
Master thesis

This study explores the relationship between performance pay and stress. Stress is conceptualized, according to the transactional theory of stress, in challenge and hindrance stress. The main research topic concerns whether performance pay is a stressor that could be appraised as challenging and hindering, and to what extent individual risk preferences play a role in this appraisal. Furthermore, the effects of challenge and hindrance stress on effort are examined. An experimental design (N=35) is used to address the research questions. Even though the research question remains unanswered, this study offers practical guidelines for future research. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 4 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND . 6 2.1 Performance pay and stress . 6 2.2 Individual risk preferences and the appraisal of stress under performance pay . 8 2.3 Challenge and hindrance stress and effort . 9 METHODS . 11 3.1 Research design . 11 3.2 Sample . 11 3.3 Procedure . 12 3.4 Measurement instruments . 14 3.5 Data analysis strategy . 15 RESULTS . 18 DISCUSSION . 23 5.1 The design of the experiment . 24 5.2 Measurement constructs . 25 5.3 Practical implications and directions for future research . 26 REFERENCES . 28 Appendix 1: Questionnaires . 31 Questionnaire Risk Aversion . 31 Questionnaire for measuring challenge and hindrance stress . 32 Appendix 2: Instructions experiment . 34 General instructions: . 34 Instructions before the different rounds . 35 Appendix 3: experimental design . 36
Investigation in terms of life skills of the 2018 Science Curriculum Acquisitions

DOI: 10.14812/cuefd.413514 The purpose of this research is to examine the acquisitions in the 2018 Science curriculum in terms of life skills (decision making, analytical thinking, teamwork, creative thinking, communication, entrepreneurship). Consequently, this research involves the use of the document review method. In the study, the data was obtained from the 2018 science curiiculum acquisitions. Descriptive analysis techniques are used to analyze data. Coding as part of the analysis process was performed independently by two different researchers. As a result, it can be seen that the new acquisitions mostly can be used to develop communication skill, decision making skill and analytical thinking skill as part of life skills, according to grade levels and subject areas. It can also be seen that the acquisitions related to entrepreneurship skill, creative thinking skill and teamwork skill are moderate when compared to other life skills. In terms of the subject areas, it can be seen that the subject areas entitled “Physical Events" and "The Living and Life” contain most of the acquisitions. In terms of grade levels, the acquisitions aimed at improving life skills can mostly be found in the seventh grade, and least in the third grade. Article history: Received Revised Accepted 09.04. 2018 04.10. 2018 15.10. 2018
CER-ETH – Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich Growth and Welfare under Endogenous Lifetime

We develop a perpetual youth model to investigate how longevity affects economic growth and welfare. Life expectancy is determined by individuals’ investments in healthcare. We find that improvements in the healthcare technology always increase the steady state growth rate. Although the effect is small, even for large increases in longevity, welfare gains may be substantial depending on the type of the technological improvement. We identify two externalities associated with healthcare investments and provide a condition when healthcare expenditures are inefficiently low in the market equilibrium. Finally, we discuss our results with respect to alternative spillover specifications in the production sector.
Vasculature optimization of actively-cooled materials

Associated with an eagerness to explore every possibility from humankind imagination came the field of engineering. In engineering applications where heat transfer processes are present arise vascular actively-cooled materials, which provide motivation for this thesis. The goal of this work is to implement the tools required to model and optimize conjugated heat transfer problems (heat disperses through the domain not only via. heat conduction but also convection). In order to obtain an implementation that is independent of the configuration of the cooling channels (important for the optimization process), an innovative solution for the discretization method is in order, which can be found in the Interface-enriched Finite Element Method. The equations that define heat transfer in the two phases of vascular materials are different. In the convection dominated regions, the standard finite element formulations are ineffective and it is necessary to find a different solution, being the Streamline Upwind/Petrov-Galerkin techique the chosen one. Being developed in a work group at TU Delft, all implementation aspects are integrated in hybrida, a computational tool developed by said group. Following this procedure made it possible to match results with verification tests for the discussed methods and also to optimize vascular geometries by minimizing their maximum domain temperature. Using the approach and results described above, it has been possible conclude that the developed work resulted in the correct implementation of each method and also that their combination is effective and efficient modeling and optimizing conjugated heat transfer problems defined by vascular actively-cooled domains.
Monte Carlo simulation analysis of backscatter factor for low-energy X-ray

The method for obtaining the patient skin dose by measuring the air kerma in the patient skin surface is being recommended.Back scatter factors (BSFs) which correspond to the radiation eld in the patient skin surface and the quality of the X-ray are necessary in that time.Though it has been well used the backscattering coe cient published by Supplement17 of Brit.J.Radiol. , there are some problems and man inspections are necessary.Because it is di cult that it is measured BSF included the each structure of the human internal organs and the body tissues for the patient skin dose.Then the backscattering coe cient was obtained using the Monte Carlo calculation code, and the usefulness was examined by comparing with the measured value of the TLD element. The results with EGS4 Monte Carlo code were similar to the results measured by using TLDs, so that we consider that it is e ective in the x-ray equipment and under the experimental condition, which were used for this method. However, our results became the low valuses of 4 7% than those of Suplement 17, IPSM and AAPM. It is necessary to examine them including the characteristics of x-ray generators such as the x-ray spectrum.
What Budgerigars Tell Us about Vocal Communication

Budgerigars are small parrots and one of the most interesting behaviors in this species is vocal mimicry. This article briefly reviews studies of vocal behavior and the central nervous vocal control system of budgerigars. Other interesting characteristics of this species are behavioral contagion or imitation, and rhythmic synchronization to metronomic stimuli. All of these behaviors are involved in sensory-motor coordination and/or transforming sensory inputs to motor outputs. The neural and psychological substrates of these behaviors may have a link to one another and could give us insight into the biological basis and evolution of vocal learning and communication.
1/PD-L1 interaction through IP administration of anti-PD-L1 antibody significantly increases survival and triggers upregulation

Activating mutations of Kras oncogene and deletions of Pten tumor suppressor gene play important roles in cancers of the female genital tract. We developed here new preclinical models for gynecologic cancers, using conditional (Cre-loxP) mice with floxed genetic alterations in Kras and Pten. The triple transgenic mice, briefly called MUC1KrasPten, express human MUC1 antigen as self and carry a silent oncogenic Kras and Pten deletion mutation. Injection of Cre-encoding adenovirus (AdCre) in the ovarian bursa, oviduct or uterus activates the floxed mutations and initiates ovarian, oviductal, and endometrial cancer, respectively. Anatomical site-specific Cre-loxP recombination throughout the genital tract of MUC1KrasPten mice leads to MUC1 positive genital tract tumors, and the development of these tumors is influenced by the anatomical environment. Endometrioid histology was consistently displayed in all tumors of the murine genital tract (ovaries, oviducts, and uterus). Tumors showed increased expression of MUC1 glycoprotein and triggered de novo antibodies in tumor bearing hosts, mimicking the immunobiology seen in patients. In contrast to the ovarian and endometrial tumors, oviductal tumors showed higher nuclear grade. Survival for oviduct tumors was significantly lower than for endometrial tumors (p = 0.0015), yet similar to survival for ovarian cancer. Oviducts seem to favor the development of high grade tumors, providing preclinical evidence in support of the postulated role of fallopian tubes as the originating site for high grade human ovarian tumors. Citation: Tirodkar TS, Budiu RA, Elishaev E, Zhang L, Mony JT, et al. (2014) MUC1 Positive, Kras and Pten Driven Mouse Gynecologic Tumors Replicate Human Tumors and Vary in Survival and Nuclear Grade Based on Anatomical Location. PLoS ONE 9(7): e102409. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0102409 Editor: Laura L. Elnitski, National Institutes of Health, United States of America Received January 8, 2014; Accepted June 18, 2014; Published July 31, 2014 Copyright: 2014 Tirodkar et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This study was supported by the Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Academy Award W81XWH-10-1-052, Pennsylvania Department of Health, Scaife Foundation and NIH/NCI R01 CA163462. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * Email: vladam@upmc.edu . These authors contributed equally to this work. ¤ Current address: Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mt. Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
L G ] 2 4 D ec 2 01 9 Dynamical Systems as Temporal Feature Spaces

Parameterized state space models in the form of recurrent networks are often used in machine learning to learn from data streams exhibiting temporal dependencies. To break the black box nature of such models it is important to understand the dynamical features of the input driving time series that are formed in the state space. We propose a framework for rigorous analysis of such state representations in vanishing memory state space models such as echo state networks (ESN). In particular, we consider the state space a temporal feature space and the readout mapping from the state space a kernel machine operating in that feature space. We show that: (1) The usual ESN strategy of randomly generating input-to-state, as well as state coupling leads to shallow memory time series representations, corresponding to crosscorrelation operator with fast exponentially decaying coefficients; (2) Imposing symmetry on dynamic coupling yields a constrained dynamic kernel matching the input time series with straightforward exponentially decaying motifs or exponentially decaying motifs of the highest frequency; (3) Simple cycle high-dimensional reservoir topology specified only through two free parameters can implement deep memory dynamic kernels with a rich variety of matching motifs. We quantify richness of feature representations imposed by dynamic kernels and demonstrate that for dynamic kernel associated with cycle reservoir topology, the kernel richness undergoes a phase transition close to the edge of stability.