Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFIKASI PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI HUTAN LINDUNG KEBUN KOPI DESA NUPABOMBA KECAMATAN TANANTOVEA KABUPATEN DONGGALA

Kebon Kopi protected forest is located in the area of Nupabomba village, Tanantovea district, Donggala regency, Central Sulawesi Province with total area is 546.78 ha. From those lands, there is a significant change of land function. So that the broad of its lands have been changed. It can be proven by the plenty of land use on it. Protected forest is a conservation forest which has a main function as protection of life support systems like water, prevent flooding, control erotion and maintain soil fertility. This research was aimed to identify the use of land at Kebon Kopi protected forest Nupabomba Village, Tanantovea district, Donggala regency. This research was conducted area at Kebon Kopi protected forest in Nupabomba Village, Donggala regency. The method used in this research was Classification Supervised. Classification Supervised is a process of clarificating or grouping the pixels based on the examples of land which its of type object and spectral value are known on the image by using Citra Alos year 2009 as its materials and Arc.Gis 10.0 as its operational tool. The research was conducted at Nupabomba village, Tanantovea district, Donggala regency. The result of the research shows that the total forest area is 546.78 ha, which consists of primary forest which has a more dominant region with the area is ​​467.1 ha (85.42%) and secondary forest is ​​68.63 ha (12.55%). Furthermore, the closure of land for plantations covering 8.26 ha (1.51%), the settlement has is 1.55 ha (0.28%), and shrubs covering 0.64 ha (0.11%). And water body area is 0.6 ha (0.10%). Keywords: Identification, Land Use, Citra Alos year 2009, Kebon Kopi Protected Forest.
Based on Kenneth Dam ’ s Analysis of Legal Traditions in The Law – Growth Nexus

K Dam examines the interaction between law and economic development, using much of The Law–Growth Nexus: The Rule of Law and Economic Development (Brookings Institution Press 2006) to evaluate an idea prominent in academic finance of the past decade, namely that a nation’s legal origins largely determine its capacity for financial development. Dam, a law professor in the University of Chicago’s law and economics mold and former Deputy Secretary of State during the Reagan administration, as well as a Deputy Secretary of Finance and Politics: A Review Essay Based on Kenneth Dam’s Analysis of Legal Traditions in The Law–Growth Nexus
Height, weight, body mass index and learning achievement in Kumi district, East of Uganda

The objective was to determine the relationship between nutritional status as measured by height-forage, weight-for-age, body mass index for age (BMI for-age) and learning achievement. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. The study was conducted in 34 elementary schools in the district of Kumi, east of Uganda. The subjects included a random selection of 1003 children (457 boys and 546 girls) of grade 4, aged 9-15 years. Standard methods were used to determine height and weight. Heightfor-age, weight-for-age and BMI were outcome measures from the height and weight measurements. Learning was assessed in English, Mathematics, life skills and verbal comprehension using a nonstandardized method, and was based on the curricular objectives designed by the Ministry of Education and Sports (MOES), republic of Uganda. Outcome measures of learning were percentage scores obtained, graded according to the system provided by the MOES. Confounding variables (gender and age) were used to stratify the children and associations between nutritional variables and learning were tested for the different areas of learning (P < 0.05). The descriptive results showed significant associations between height, weight, BMI and learning (p < 0.05). The associations were positive for mathematics and English but negative for life skills and verbal comprehension. The negative association between the nutritional variables and the latter two can not be explained. Height, weight and BMI have a significant association with learning, suggesting the importance of nutrition in the education system.
Capital Requirements for SMEs under the Revised Basel II Framework

This article reviews the final changes in the Benchmark Risk Weight Function of the Basel II proposal as of June 2004. A special focus is directed to the impact of the proposed changes to the segment of Small and Mid-Sized Enterprises (SME). One of the main objectives of the recalibration of the IRB approach was to relieve capital requirements for these institutions. We further provide a comprehensive survey of empirical findings on the relationship between the asset correlation and the model parameters probability of default (PD) and firm size. We find that neither the level of asset correlation nor the assumed relationship between correlation and probability of default as it is assumed in the capital accord can be observed in the market. In a final case study we investigate the implications of changes in regulatory capital on credit spreads for SMEs.
The genus Globotruncana in northwest Australia

"In northwest Australia fourteen species and subspecies of Globotruncana, ranging in age from Cenomanian or Turonian to Maestrichtian, have been found in surface and well samples from the Carnarvon basin. Many species that are common in the European upper Cretaceous also appear in the upper Cretaceous of northwest Australia, where their stratigraphic distribution is likewise of considerable value in correlation. Quantitative analysis of microfaunas containing Globotruncana suggests that the members of this genus are benthonic, at least in the adult stages, and not entirely planktonic as formerly supposed. " The systematic descriptions include a description of G. (Globotruncana) planata n.sp.
Attribution of ozone changes to dynamical and chemical processes in CCMs and CTMs

Abstract. Chemistry-climate models (CCMs) are commonly used to simulate the past and future development of Earth's ozone layer. The fully coupled chemistry schemes calculate the chemical production and destruction of ozone interactively and ozone is transported by the simulated atmospheric flow. Due to the complexity of the processes acting on ozone it is not straightforward to disentangle the influence of individual processes on the temporal development of ozone concentrations. A method is introduced here that quantifies the influence of chemistry and transport on ozone concentration changes and that is easily implemented in CCMs and chemistry-transport models (CTMs). In this method, ozone tendencies (i.e. the time rate of change of ozone) are partitioned into a contribution from ozone production and destruction (chemistry) and a contribution from transport of ozone (dynamics). The influence of transport on ozone in a specific region is further divided into export of ozone out of that region and import of ozone from elsewhere into that region. For this purpose, a diagnostic is used that disaggregates the ozone mixing ratio field into 9 separate fields according to in which of 9 predefined regions of the atmosphere the ozone originated. With this diagnostic the ozone mass fluxes between these regions are obtained. Furthermore, this method is used here to attribute long-term changes in ozone to chemistry and transport. The relative change in ozone from one period to another that is due to changes in production or destruction rates, or due to changes in import or export of ozone, are quantified. As such, the diagnostics introduced here can be used to attribute changes in ozone on monthly, interannual and long-term time-scales to the responsible mechanisms. Results from a CCM simulation are shown here as examples, with the main focus of the paper being on introducing the method.
Ecological epidemiology of an invasive host generalist parasite, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, in Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park, Alberta

Beef Cattle Research Council: Grant no. 2008F064; Feedlot Health Management Services: Grant no. FHMS-1039; Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency Ltd.: Grant no. 2011R041R; the Agriculture Funding Consortium: Grant no. AB-0450; Agriculture and Agri-food Canada: Grant no. RBP-842; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Grant no. 40130; The Alberta Conservation Association Grant in Biodiversity; Zoetis
Delivering the Value of Planning

Executive Summary Introduction Much recent planning policy has been informed by the view that planning inhibits economic growth. and the RTPI, follows previous work on the economic value of planning, published in 2014. It demonstrates how good planning can deliver sustainable economic growth and housing, but also suggests why in the UK we are not consistently realising the value of planning in practice, especially compared to parts of continental Europe. Who should read this? This report will be of interest to policy-makers, decision-makers and practitioners in planning in the UK and internationally, and researchers and commentators interested in planning and growth. The report adopts a broad understanding of planning and is widely applicable across the whole of the UK (and indeed internationally), despite the divergence between statutory planning processes across different nations. Where the argument specifically refers to one part of the UK, this is made explicit. Planning can produce significant benefits for society, including delivering more and better housing development. In the UK, these benefits are not being consistently realised, in part because of decades of almost continual changes to planning policy and regulation. Planning is critical to providing clarity and confidence for investments by markets so that they are able to deliver good development. Planning can improve the quantity and quality of land for development, ready land for construction (for example, by treating contaminated land), resolve ownership constraints (where there are many different owners), and bring forward investment by ensuring that the right infrastructure (such as transport and public amenities) are in place. In these and other ways, planning can lower the overall cost of new development, and open-up opportunities for development. This report includes five award-winning developments in the UK that demonstrate how planning can deliver good housing and economic growth, namely:  Cranbrook in East Devon – a new community created by proactive planning that could provide more than 7,500 homes over the next 20 years.  Brindleyplace in Birmingham – a large-scale carefully planned urban renewal which has preserved the area's heritage whilst revitalising it to attract new business and leisure uses.  Upton in Northampton – a high quality urban extension comprising 1,350 homes, with a commitment to exemplary urban design and environmental sustainability.  Norwich Riverside – a large regeneration project which has transformed a former industrial site into a successful major residential, retail and leisure development.  Fairfield Park in Bedfordshire – …
Income Smoothing: Apakah Ukuran Perusahaan Memoderasi?

This study aims to analyse whether the firm size become variable moderation to influence profitability, leverage and dividend policy toward income smoothing. This research has an underlying idea that income smoothing practices often undertaken with the aim of attracting investors, but it would need to be re-examined what factors affecting the practice of smoothing earnings and whether the size of the company will strengthen or weaken the income smoothing practices. The sample used are 26 manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange in 2010-2014. The result showed that the size of the company became a moderating variable for leverage on income smoothing. On the contrary, for the profitability and dividend policy on income smoothing, company size not became moderating variable. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa apakah ukuran perusahaan merupakan variabel moderasi untuk pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage dan kebijakan deviden terhadap income smoothing. Penelitian ini didasari oleh pemikiran bahwa praktik perataan laba seringkali dilakukan dengan tujuan menarik minat investor; namun perlu kiranya diteliti kembali faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi praktik perataan laba dan apakah besar kecilnya perusahaan akan memperkuat atau memperlemah praktik perataan laba tersebut. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 26 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2010-2014. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ukuran perusahaan hanya menjadi variabel moderasi untuk pengaruh variabel leverage terhadap perataan laba. Sedangkan, untuk variabel profitabilitas dan kebijakan dividen terhadap perataan laba, ukuran perusahaan tidak menjadi variabel moderasi.
Soil deformation measurement using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and photogrammetry

A deformation measurement system based on particle image velocimetry (PIV) and close-range photogrammetry has been developed for use in geotechnical testing. In this paper, the theory underlying this system is described, and the performance is validated. Digital photography is used to capture images of planar soil deformation. Using PIV, the movement of a fine mesh of soil patches is measured to a high precision. Since PIV operates on the image texture, intrusive target markers need not be installed in the observed soil. The resulting displacement vectors are converted from image space to object space using a photogrammetric transformation. A series of validation experiments are reported. These demonstrate that the precision, accuracy and resolution of the system are an order of magnitude higher than previous image-based deformation methods, and are comparable to local instrumentation used in element testing. This performance is achieved concurrent with an order of magnitude increase in the number of meas.
Measurements of Skin Reflectance in a Japanese Twin Sample

The luminous reflectance of the skin has been measured in a sample of 87 monozygotic, 14 dizygotic (like-sexed) and 11 unlike-sexed twin pairs aged from 12 to 18 years, using the Phtovolt photoelectric reflection meter (Mod. 610). Measurements were taken with the green tristimulus filter designed to represent lightness of colours, on the outer and inner surfaces of the upper arm, to which those on the forehead, chest, shoulder and back of the hand were occasionally added.Although the number of dizygotic twin pairs in the sample was not satisfactorily large, the following conclusions may be drawn tentatively from the results obtained.1. The measurement technique is sufficiently sensitive in determining the extragenic influences on monozygotic twin pairs, if the deviation due to measurement error in two successive reflectance readings can be kept within 1.0%. 2. The comparison of mean monozygotic and mean dizygotic intrapair variances provides a highly significant difference, indicating a strong genetic component in the variability of the skin lightness. On the other hand, the mean interpair variance obtained from monozygotic twin pairs usually reveals no statistically significant increase over the mean dizygotic intrapair variance.3. The lightness mean values differ markedly between body areas and, in the higher age groups, between both sexes, the female being significantly lighter.The mean intrapair variances, however, do not seem to be affected seriously by these factors.4. It was suggested that an increase in skin reflectance values, probably due to the puberty changes of the endocrine status, may take place more markedly and slightly earlier in females (12-15 years) than in males (13-18 years). No significant difference of the mean intrapair variances was found, however, in both sexes between lower and higher age groups. A longitudinal twin study during the pre-puberty period may help to solve the problem.
A process-based classification system for headwater streams

In this paper we develop a classification system for small headwater streams predicated upon an understanding of the dominant physical processes acting in the channel and its basin, and the conditions under which these processes operate. The variables used to build the classification are hillslope gradient, valley width as compared to channel width, channel gradient, channel depth and sediment size. Using physical laws and morphologic relationships, we recognize domains in which various processes dominate. Channels within the same process domain can be expected to behave in a similar manner in transporting sediment and water and responding to and recovering from basin disturbance, therefore we use the domains to recognize distinct channel types. This classification system provides the foundation for building an approach for identifying basins and streams that are comparably sensitive to landuse.
JDL level 5 fusion model: user refinement issues and applications in group tracking

The 1999 Joint Director of Labs (JDL) revised model incorporates five levels for fusion methodologies including level 0 for preprocessing, level 1 for object refinement, level 2 for situation refinement, level 3 for threat refinement, and level 4 for process refinement. The model was developed to define the fusion process. However, the model is only for automatic processing of a machine and does not account for human processing. Typically, a fusion architecture supports a user and thus, we propose a Level 5 User refinement to delineate the human from the machine in the process refinement. Typical human in the loop models do not deal with a machine fusion process, but only present the information to the human on a display. We seek to address issues for designing a fusion system which supports a user: trust, workload, attention and situation awareness. In this paper, we overview the need for a Level 5, the issues concerning the human for realizable fusion architectures, and examples where the human is instrumental in the fusion process such as group tracking.
A Synergetic Algorithm for Mid-Morning Land Surface Soil and Vegetation Temperatures Estimation Using MSG-SEVIRI Products and TERRA-MODIS Products

Land surface is normally considered as a mixture of soil and vegetation. Many applications, such as drought monitoring and crop-yield estimation, benefit from accurate retrieval of both soil and vegetation temperatures through satellite observation. A preliminary study has been conducted in this study on the estimation of land surface soil and vegetation component temperature using the geostationary satellite data acquired by Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) onboard the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) and TERRA-MODIS data. A synergetic algorithm is proposed to derive soil and vegetation temperatures by using the temporal and spatial information in SEVIRI and MODIS products. The approach is applied to both simulation data and satellite data. For simulation data, the component temperatures are well estimated with root mean squared error (RMSE) close to 0 K. For satellite data application, reasonable spatial distributions of the soil and vegetation temperatures are derived for eight cloud-free days in the Iberian Peninsula from June to August 2009. An evaluation is performed for the estimated vegetation temperature against the near surface air temperature. The correlation analysis between two datasets is found that the R-squareds are from 0.074 to 0.423 and RMSEs are within 4 K. Considering the impact of fraction of vegetation cover (FVC) on the validation, the pixels with FVC less than 30% are excluded in the total data comparison, and an obvious improvement is achieved with R-squared from 0.231 to 0.417 and RMSE from 2.9 K to 2.58 K. The validation indicates that the proposed algorithm is able to provide reasonable estimations of soil and vegetation temperatures. It is a potential way to map soil and vegetation temperature for large areas.
Effectiveness of Direct Instruction Learning Strategy Assisted by Mobile Augmented Reality and Achievement Motivation on Students Cognitive Learning Results

The study aims are to determine whether there is a difference in the average learning outcomes between students who are subject to Direct instruction model aided by mobile augmented reality and Direct instruction model supported by non mobile augmented reality. The presence or absence of significant differences in cognitive learning outcomes between groups of students with high achievement motivation, moderate achievement motivation, and low achievement motivation group. There is no interaction between learning strategies and achievement motivation toward cognitive learning outcomes. Population in this research is all student of semester 1 academic year 2016/2017 Sample is taken by using sampling cluster random sampling technique in mathematics education study of Universitas PGRI Semarang. Methods of data collection in this study are obtained by using interview methods, test methods, and method documentation. The results showed that: (a) There were significant differences in cognitive learning outcomes between groups of students treated with direct instructional strategies with MAR and group of students who were treated with direct instruction learning strategies with non-MAR. (B) There is a significant difference of cognitive learning outcomes between groups of students with high achievement motivation, moderate achievement motivation and low achievement motivation group. (C) There is an interaction between learning strategies and achievement motivation toward cognitive learning outcomes .