Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prolactinoma or leiomyoma-associated hyperprolactinemia—this is the question, a case report and review of the literature

Background : Hyperprolactinemia is a common finding in women of reproductive age that could result from physiological factors, pathological conditions or the use of different medications. The therapeutic approach depends on the etiology of hyperprolactinemia, thus, the proper diagnosis is paramount. Case : Herein, we present a case of a young woman with pituitary incidentaloma and leiomyoma-associated hyperprolactinemia. The initial diagnosis was microprolactinoma, based on typical clinical features, increased prolactin levels, and pituitary adenoma. However, dopamine agonist treatment did not lead to any reduction of prolactin levels or clinical improvement. The patient was myomectomized because of uterine fibroid enlargement. After the surgery, the hyperprolactinemia resolved completely, while the pituitary adenoma did not show any changes. The concomitant development of pituitary adenoma and extrapituitary hyperprolactinemia might not be such a rare phenomenon, considering the high prevalence of pituitary incidentalomas. Conclusions : Currently, there are no specific tests that could distinguish pituitary from extrapituitary prolactin production. Our case report and the literature review show that leiomyoma-associated hyperprolactinemia should be considered in women of reproductive age with treatment-resistant prolactinoma and uterine fibroids above 5 cm. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and the possible regulators of the ectopic prolactin secretion.
Empirical Priors in Polytomous Computerized Adaptive Tests: Risks and Rewards in Clinical Settings

The use of empirical prior information about participants has been shown to substantially improve the efficiency of computerized adaptive tests (CATs) in educational settings. However, it is unclear how these results translate to clinical settings, where small item banks with highly informative polytomous items often lead to very short CATs. We explored the risks and rewards of using prior information in CAT in two simulation studies, rooted in applied clinical examples. In the first simulation, prior precision and bias in the prior location were manipulated independently. Our results show that a precise personalized prior can meaningfully increase CAT efficiency. However, this reward comes with the potential risk of overconfidence in wrong empirical information (i.e., using a precise severely biased prior), which can lead to unnecessarily long tests, or severely biased estimates. The latter risk can be mitigated by setting a minimum number of items that are to be administered during the CAT, or by setting a less precise prior; be it at the expense of canceling out any efficiency gains. The second simulation, with more realistic bias and precision combinations in the empirical prior, places the prevalence of the potential risks in context. With similar estimation bias, an empirical prior reduced CAT test length, compared to a standard normal prior, in 68% of cases, by a median of 20%; while test length increased in only 3% of cases. The use of prior information in CAT seems to be a feasible and simple method to reduce test burden for patients and clinical practitioners alike.
Circumstellar dust as a solution to the red supergiant supernova progenitor problem

We investigate the red supergiant problem, the apparent dearth of Type IIP supernova progenitors with masses between 16 and 30M⊙. Although red supergiants with masses in this range have been observed, none have been identified as progenitors in pre–explosion images. We show that, by failing to take into account the additional extinction resulting from the dust produced in the red supergiant winds, the luminosity of the most massive red supergiants at the end of their lives is underestimated. We re–estimate the initial masses of all Type IIP progenitors for which observations exist and analyse the resulting population. We find that the most likely maximum mass for a Type IIP progenitor is 21 +21 M⊙. This is in closer agreement with the limit predicted from single star evolution models.
A homogeneous model of spinfoam cosmology

We examine spinfoam cosmology by use of a simple graph adapted to homogeneous cosmological models. We calculate dynamics in the isotropic limit, and provide the framework for the anisotropic case. We calculate the transition amplitude between holomorphic coherent states on a single node graph and find that the resultant dynamics is peaked on solutions which have no support on the zero volume state, indicating that big bang type singularities are avoided within such models. Communicated by P Singh
Radiation assisted development of linear low density polyethylene/flax fibre composites by designing interface

Flax fibre reinforced polyolefin composite is a great interest of today’s scientists. But the preparation of such composites with desired properties is a great challenge due to the dissimilar surface wettability (surface energy) of polyolefin and flax fibre. In this work, we have developed a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/flax fibre based composite successfully. First, flax fibre is subjected to gamma radiation-assisted surface modification through covalent attachment of long chain hydrocarbon. Therefore, the surface wettability of flax fibre turns closer to that of LLDPE, and consequently a LLDPE/flax fibre composite with a strong interface is formed easily. Due to the designing of strong interface and consequently higher load transferring capability, properties are improved considerably. Young’s modulus and tensile strength values of composites with surface modified flax fibre become considerably higher compared to pure LLDPE and LLDPE/pure flax fibre composites. Strong reinforcement is reflected in the dynamic mechanical properties also. The highly improved dispersion and strong interfacial strength of LLDPE/modified flax fibre are observed in SEM (scanning electron microscopy). Thermal degradation temperatures of LLDPE and flax fibre are also improved in the composites.
VI. The growth of cadmium iodide crystals: I—Dislocations and spiral growth

Summary Evidence is given that cadmium iodide crystals grow from a low degree of supersaturation by the dislocation mechanism. Sequences of photographs illustrate the stages in the growth of the crystal plates. The screw dislocations are not simple but are groups of simple dislocations. The kinking of step-lines is explained by the interaction of screw dislocation groups of different strengths. The properties of large screw dislocation groups in the crystal plates are discussed.
Simulations of the cosmic infrared and submillimeter background for future large surveys I. Presentation and first application to Herschel/SPIRE and Planck/HFI

Context. The coming Planck and Herschel missions will survey the sky at unprecedented angular scales and sensitivities. Simulations are needed for better interpretating the results of the surveys and for testing new methods of, e.g., source extraction and component separation. Aims. We present new simulations of the infrared and submillimeter cosmic background, including the correlation between infrared galaxies. The simulations were used to quantify the source-detection thresholds for Herschel/SPIRE and Planck/HFI, as well as to study the detectability of the cosmic infrared background correlated fluctuations. Methods. The simulations are based on an empirical model of IR galaxy evolution. For these correlations, we only included the linear clustering, assuming that infrared galaxies are biased tracers of the dark-matter fluctuation density field. Results. We used the simulations with different bias parameters to predict the confusion noise for Herschel/SPIRE and Planck/HFI and the completeness levels. We also discuss the detectability of the linear clustering in Planck/HFI power spectra, including the foreground and backgrounds components. Conclusions. Simulated maps and catalogs are publicly available online at http://www.ias. u-psud.fr/irgalaxies/ simulations.php
Pedagogical practices, curriculum development, and student experiences within postsecondary music education: A systematic literature review

This systematic literature review seeks to examine the pedagogical practices, professional relationships, and curricular development that impact teachers’ and students’ experiences in the postsecondary music education field as well as the theoretical frameworks and methodological design guiding the inquiry of included studies. A literature search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was undertaken, resulting in a sample of 14 studies from across eight countries and conducted between 2010 and 2020. Patterns in the findings across studies were found with regard to (a) critical pedagogical practices, (b) responsive pedagogical practices, (c) student experiential and institutional value mis/matches, and (d) the affordances of music education curricular revision. From this comprehensive review of the literature, research in this area indicates a postcolonial shift aiming to decenter traditional Western music and forefront more culturally relevant, community-based, student-responsive musical constructs and/or practices. This synthesis of results reveals synergy in the direction and research objectives of the music performance and teaching and learning fields, often separated, but mutually benefited when bridged together within an intersecting space.
Scale-invariant helical magnetic field evolution and the duration of inflation

We consider a scale-invariant helical magnetic field generated during inflation. We show that, if the mean magnetic helicity density of such a field is measured, it can be used to determine a lower bound on the duration of inflation. Even if we just have upper bounds on the helicity, these can be used to derive constraints on the minimal duration if one assumes that the magnetic field generated during inflation is helical. Using three-dimensional simulations, we show that an initially scale-invariant field develops, which is similar both with and without magnetic helicity. In the fully helical case, however, the magnetic field appears to have a more pronounced folded structure.
ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN BONE HEALTH STATUS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CALCIUM INTAKE, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND BODY MASS INDEX AMONG MALAYSIAN OLDER ADULTS FROM BANGI AND KAJANG, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

The increase in sedentary activity among older adults could result in lowering bone mineral density (BMD), thus increasing the risk of osteoporosis. Physical activity and adequate dietary calcium intake (DCI) are important to optimize bone health. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine ethnic differences in bone health status (BHS) and to investigate the association between lifestyle factors and BHS among Malaysian older adults. A total of 120 older adults aged between 60 to 84 years old of three major ethnicities residing in Bangi and Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia were recruited in this cross-sectional study. They were asked to fill out food frequency questionnaire and the international physical activity questionnaires for the quantification of DCI and physical activity level (PAL) assessments. BMD was quantified using QUS-2 Calcaneal Ultrasonometer. The results showed that the Chinese participants had significantly lower body mass index (BMI) (p<0.001) than their counterparts. Malay participants had significantly higher DCI (p=0.027) compared to other groups. However, none of the participants met the recommended daily intake of calcium (1000 mg/day). The Indian participants had significantly higher (p=0.007) PAL compared to the Malay and Chinese groups. BMD analysis showed that the Chinese have significantly lower (p=0.001) T-scores (-0.54 ± 1.35) compared to Malay (0.78 ± 1.72) and Indian (0.61 ± 1.91), respectively. BMI and DCI were positively correlated with BMD (correlation coefficient, r= 0.320, p<0.001; r=0.383, p<0.001, respectively). In conclusion, the reduced BMI among the Chinese and DCI among all Malaysian older adults need to be concerned and addressed immediately. Future intervention programs should be focusing on optimizing DCI, not only among the older adults but should be emphasized and initiated at younger ages to prevent osteoporosis during old age.
Low energy nuclear reactions driven by discrete breathers

A new mechanism of LENR in solids is proposed, which is based on the large amplitude anharmonic lattice vibrations, a.k. a. intrinsic localized modes or discrete breathers (DBs). In particular, so called gap DBs, which can arise in diatomic crystals such as metal hydrides, are argued to be the LENR catalyzers. The large mass difference between H or D and the metal atoms provides a gap in phonon spectrum, in which DBs can be excited in the H/D sub-lattice resulting in extreme dynamic closing of adjacent H/D atoms (~ 0.01 {\AA}) required for the tunneling through nuclear Coulomb barrier. DBs have been shown to arise either via thermal activation at elevated temperatures or via knocking atoms out of equilibrium positions under non-equilibrium gas loading conditions, employed under radiolysis or plasma deposition methods. The DB statistics in both cases is analyzed, and an attempt is made to quantify part of the vibrational problem in terms of electrochemical current or ion flux, connecting them with external excitation of DBs that act as nano-colliders of deuterons triggering LENR. Resulting analytical expressions (under selected set of material parameters) describe quantitatively the observed exponential dependence on temperature and linear dependence on the electric (or ion) current. Possible ways of engineering the nuclear active environment based on the present concept are discussed.
Production and Characterization of Protein Isolates and Hydrolysates from Slipper Cupped Oyster (Crassostrea iredalei)

Proteins from oysters were extracted by the alkaline pH shift method and subsequently subjected to hydrolysis using pepsin. The physico-chemical characteristics of the protein isolate and hydrolysate – such as total soluble protein, protein solubility, water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity (OAC), bulk density, hygroscopicity, water activity, and moisture – were determined. The results revealed that hydrolysis of oyster protein isolates (OPIs) significantly increased its functionality. Protein hydrolysates have 86–100% solubility at various pH levels. The WAC (5.65 g/g) and OAC (9.44 g/g) were also significantly higher after hydrolysis. However, the hydrolysates have very low bulk density and high hygroscopicity, which should be considered in the packaging and storage of the product. These findings indicate that oyster protein hydrolysates (OPHs) have the potential for food and nutritional applications as a natural additive or as a protein source in special diets.
POPULATION PROPERTIES OF BROWN DWARF ANALOGS TO EXOPLANETS

We present a kinematic analysis of 152 low surface gravity M7-L8 dwarfs by adding 18 new parallaxes (including 10 for comparative field objects), 38 new radial velocities, and 19 new proper motions. We also add low- or moderate-resolution near-infrared spectra for 43 sources confirming their low surface gravity features. Among the full sample, we find 39 objects to be high-likelihood or new bona fide members of nearby moving groups, 92 objects to be ambiguous members and 21 objects that are non-members. Using this age-calibrated sample, we investigate trends in gravity classification, photometric color, absolute magnitude, color–magnitude, luminosity, and effective temperature. We find that gravity classification and photometric color clearly separate 5–130 Myr sources from >3 Gyr field objects, but they do not correlate one to one with the narrower 5–130 Myr age range. Sources with the same spectral subtype in the same group have systematically redder colors, but they are distributed between 1 and 4σ from the field sequences and the most extreme outlier switches between intermediate- and low-gravity sources either confirmed in a group or not. The absolute magnitudes of low-gravity sources from the J band through W3 show a flux redistribution when compared to equivalently typed field brown dwarfs that is correlated with spectral subtype. Low-gravity, late-type L dwarfs are fainter at J than the field sequence but brighter by W3. Low-gravity M dwarfs are >1 mag brighter than field dwarfs in all bands from J through W3. Clouds, which are a far more dominant opacity source for L dwarfs, are the likely cause. On color–magnitude diagrams, the latest-type, low-gravity L dwarfs drive the elbow of the L/T transition up to 1 mag redder and 1 mag fainter than field dwarfs at MJ but are consistent with or brighter than the elbow at MW1 and MW2. We conclude that low-gravity dwarfs carry an extreme version of the cloud conditions of field objects to lower temperatures, which logically extends into the lowest-mass, directly imaged exoplanets. Furthermore, there is an indication on color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs; such as MJ versus (J–W2)) of increasingly redder sequences separated by gravity classification, although it is not consistent across all CMD combinations. Examining bolometric luminosities for planets and low-gravity objects, we confirm that (in general) young M dwarfs are overluminous while young L dwarfs are normal compared to the field. Using model extracted radii, this translates into normal to slightly warmer M dwarf temperatures compared to the field sequence and lower temperatures for L dwarfs with no obvious correlation with the assigned moving group.
Nano-crystalline inclusions as a low-pass filter for thermal transport in a-Si

We use atomistic simulations to study the resonant acoustic modes and compare different calculations of the acoustic mean-free path in amorphous systems with nanometric crystalline spherical inclusions. We show that the resonant acoustic properties are not a simple combination of the vibrations in the inclusions and in the amorphous matrix. The presence of the inclusion affects the transport properties mainly in the frequency range separating simple scattering from multiple scattering processes. However, propagation of acoustic wavepackets is spatially heterogeneous and shows that the amorphous/crystalline interface acts as a low energy pass filter slowing down the high kinetic energy motion whatever the vibration frequency. These heterogeneities cannot be catched by the mean free path, but still they must play an important role in thermal transport, thus raising the question of the correct modeling of thermal transport in composite systems.
Pituitary Apoplexy: A Retrospective Study of 36 Cases From a Single Center

Background and objective Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a possible life-threatening disorder due to spontaneous hemorrhage or impaired blood supply in the pituitary gland. It may present as an acute or subclinical form, and treatment options include either surgery or a conservative approach. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical, imaging, and hormonal features, as well as the therapeutic outcomes, in a relatively short period of time in a series of consecutive patients with pituitary apoplexy (PA). Results Thirty-six patients were included, 50% presenting typical symptoms of PA. The presenting symptoms were headache (44.4%), visual abnormalities (44.4%), and digestive symptoms (22.2%). At diagnosis, hormonal deficiency was observed in 22 (61.1%) patients. Of the evaluated patients, 78.2% of the 23 operated cases and all unoperated cases presented tumor remnants. Vision improved in 81.8% of the operated and 100% of conservatively managed cases. Of all cases, 69.4% remained with long-term hypopituitarism. Conclusion Complex management of PA frequently leads to visual improvement but long-standing hypopituitarism.
Ionised outflows in z $\sim$ 2.4 quasar host galaxies

AGN-driven outflows are invoked by galaxy evolutionary models to quench star formation and to explain the origin of the relations observed locally between super massive black holes and their host galaxies. This work aims to detect the presence of extended ionised outflows in luminous quasars where we expect the maximum activity both in star formation and in black hole accretion. Currently, there are only a few studies based on spatially resolved observations of outflows at high redshift, $z>2$. We analyse a sample of six luminous (${\rm L>10^{47} \ erg/s}$) quasars at $z\sim2.4$, observed in H-band using the near-IR integral field spectrometer SINFONI at VLT. We perform a kinematic analysis of the [OIII] emission line at $\lambda = 5007A$. [OIII] has a complex gas kinematic, with blue-shifted velocities of a few hundreds of km/s and line widths up to 1500 km/s. Using the spectroastrometric method we infer size of the ionised outflows of up to $\sim$2 kpc. The properties of the ionised outflows, mass outflow rate, momentum rate and kinetic power, are correlated with the AGN luminosity. The increase in outflow rate with increasing AGN luminosity is consistent with the idea that a luminous AGN pushes away the surrounding gas through fast outflows driven by radiation pressure, which depends on the emitted luminosity. We derive mass outflow rates of about 6-700 M$_{\odot}$/yr for our sample, which are lower than those observed in molecular outflows. Indeed physical properties of ionised outflows show dependences on AGN luminosity which are similar to those of molecular outflows but indicating that the mass of ionised gas is smaller than that of the molecular one. Alternatively, this discrepancy between ionised and molecular outflows could be explained with different acceleration mechanisms.
A COMPREHENSIVE PROGENITOR MODEL FOR SNe Ia

Although the nature of the progenitor of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is still unclear, the single-degenerate (SD) channel for the progenitor is currently accepted, in which a carbon–oxygen white dwarf (CO WD) accretes hydrogen-rich material from its companion, increases its mass to the Chandrasekhar mass limit, and then explodes as an SN Ia. The companion may be a main sequence or a slightly evolved star (WD + MS), or a red giant star (WD + RG). Incorporating the effect of mass stripping and accretion-disk instability on the evolution of the WD binary, we carried out binary stellar evolution calculations for more than 1600 close WD binaries. As a result, the initial parameter spaces for SNe Ia are presented in an orbital period–secondary mass (log Pi, Mi2) plane. We confirmed that in a WD + MS system, the initial companion leading to SNe Ia may have mass from 1 M☉ to 5 M☉. The initial WD mass for SNe Ia from WD + MS channel is as low as 0.565 M☉, while the lowest WD mass from the WD + RG channel is 1.0 M☉. Adopting the above results, we studied the birth rate of SNe Ia via a binary population synthesis approach. We found that the Galactic SNe Ia birth rate from SD model is (2.55–2.9) × 10-3 yr-1 (including WD + He star channel), which is slightly smaller than that from observation. If a single starburst is assumed, the distribution of the delay time of SNe Ia from the SD model may be a weak bimodality, where WD + He channel contributes to SNe Ia with delay time shorter than 108 yr and WD + RG channel to those with age longer than 6 Gyr.
THE CATEGORY OF INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY TOPOLOGICAL SPACES

In this paper, we introduce the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy points and intuitionistic fuzzy neighborhoods. We investigate the properties of continuous, open and closed maps in the intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces, and show that the category of Chang's fuzzy topological spaces is a bireflective full subcategory of that of intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces.