Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Dirac Semimetals to Topological Phases in Three Dimensions: A Coupled-Wire Construction

Weyl and Dirac (semi)metals in three dimensions have robust gapless electronic band structures. Their massless single-body energy spectra are protected by symmetries such as lattice translation, (screw) rotation and time reversal. In this manuscript, we discuss many-body interactions in these systems. We focus on strong interactions that preserve symmetries and are outside the single-body mean-field regime. By mapping a Dirac (semi)metal to a model based on a three dimensional array of coupled Dirac wires, we show (1) the Dirac (semi)metal can acquire a many-body excitation energy gap without breaking the relevant symmetries, and (2) interaction can enable an anomalous Weyl (semi)metallic phase that is otherwise forbidden by symmetries in the single-body setting and can only be present holographically on the boundary of a four dimensional weak topological insulator. Both of these topological states support fractional gapped (gapless) bulk (resp. boundary) quasiparticle excitations.
“Direct” Gas-phase Metallicity in Local Analogs of High-redshift Galaxies: Empirical Metallicity Calibrations for High-redshift Star-forming Galaxies

We study the direct gas-phase oxygen abundance using the well-detected auroral line [O iii]λ4363 in the stacked spectra of a sample of local analogs of high-redshift galaxies. These local analogs share the same location as z ∼ 2 star-forming galaxies on the [O iii]λ5007/Hβ versus [N ii]λ6584/Hα Baldwin–Phillips–Terlevich diagram. This type of analog has the same ionized interstellar medium (ISM) properties as high-redshift galaxies. We establish empirical metallicity calibrations between the direct gas-phase oxygen abundances ( ) and the N2 (log([N ii]λ6584/Hα))/O3N2 (log(([O iii]λ5007/Hβ)/([N ii]λ6584/Hα))) indices in our local analogs. We find significant systematic offsets between the metallicity calibrations for our local analogs of high-redshift galaxies and those derived from the local H ii regions and a sample of local reference galaxies selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The N2 and O3N2 metallicities will be underestimated by 0.05–0.1 dex relative to our calibration, if one simply applies the local metallicity calibration in previous studies to high-redshift galaxies. Local metallicity calibrations also cause discrepancies of metallicity measurements in high-redshift galaxies using the N2 and O3N2 indicators. In contrast, our new calibrations produce consistent metallicities between these two indicators. We also derive metallicity calibrations for R23 (log(([O iii]λλ4959,5007+[O ii]λλ3726,3729)/Hβ)), O32(log([O iii]λλ4959,5007/[O ii]λλ3726,3729)), [O iii]λ5007/Hβ), and log([Ne iii]λ3869/[O ii]λ3727) indices in our local analogs, which show significant offset compared to those in the SDSS reference galaxies. By comparing with MAPPINGS photoionization models, the different empirical metallicity calibration relations in the local analogs and the SDSS reference galaxies can be shown to be primarily due to the change of ionized ISM conditions. Assuming that temperature structure variations are minimal and ISM conditions do not change dramatically from z ∼ 2 to z ∼ 5, these empirical calibrations can be used to measure relative metallicities in galaxies with redshifts up to z ∼ 5.0 in ground-based observations.
Strange nuclear physics from QCD on lattice

We studied the single-particle potential of Λ, Σ, and Ξ hyperons in nucleonic matter starting from the fundamental theory of the strong interaction, QCD. First, we carried out a lattice QCD numerical simulation, and extracted baryon-baryon interactions from QCD by means of the HAL QCD method. We employed a full QCD gauge configuration ensemble at an almost physical point in order to study the physical world; hence, the masses of the hadrons in our lattice QCD simulation are nearly physical. For example, the pion mass was 146 MeV, the kaon mass was 525 MeV, and the nucleon mass was 958 MeV. Then, we applied the resulting hyperon interactions to the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock many-nucleon theory, and calculated the single-particle potential of hyperons in nucleonic matter UY (k). For the hyperons stopping in the symmetric nuclear matter at the normal nuclear matter density, we obtained UΛ(0) = −28 MeV, UΣ(0) = +15 MeV, and UΞ(0) = −4 MeV, with a statistical error approximately ±2 MeV associated with our Monte Carlo simulation. These results are qualitatively compatible with the values suggested by hypernuclear experiments. This success is remarkable and very encouraging since this proves that our approach to strange nuclear physics starting from QCD is essentially correct.We studied the single-particle potential of Λ, Σ, and Ξ hyperons in nucleonic matter starting from the fundamental theory of the strong interaction, QCD. First, we carried out a lattice QCD numerical simulation, and extracted baryon-baryon interactions from QCD by means of the HAL QCD method. We employed a full QCD gauge configuration ensemble at an almost physical point in order to study the physical world; hence, the masses of the hadrons in our lattice QCD simulation are nearly physical. For example, the pion mass was 146 MeV, the kaon mass was 525 MeV, and the nucleon mass was 958 MeV. Then, we applied the resulting hyperon interactions to the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock many-nucleon theory, and calculated the single-particle potential of hyperons in nucleonic matter UY (k). For the hyperons stopping in the symmetric nuclear matter at the normal nuclear matter density, we obtained UΛ(0) = −28 MeV, UΣ(0) = +15 MeV, and UΞ(0) = −4 MeV, with a statistical error approximately ±2 MeV associated with our Monte C.
Model‐based population pharmacokinetic analysis of tislelizumab in patients with advanced tumors

Tislelizumab, a humanized immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody, is a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) inhibitor designed to minimize Fc gamma receptor binding on macrophages to limit antibody‐dependent phagocytosis, a potential mechanism of resistance to anti–PD‐1 therapy. The pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of tislelizumab was analyzed with population PK modeling using 14,473 observed serum concentration data points from 2596 cancer patients who received intravenous (i.v.) tislelizumab at 0.5–10 mg/kg every 2 weeks or every 3 weeks (q3w), or a 200 mg i.v. flat dose q3w in 12 clinical studies. Tislelizumab exhibited linear PK across the dose range tested. Baseline body weight, albumin, tumor size, tumor type, and presence of antidrug antibodies were identified as significant covariates on central clearance, whereas baseline body weight, sex, and age significantly affected central volume of distribution. Sensitivity analysis showed that these covariates did not have clinically relevant effects on tislelizumab PK. Other covariates evaluated, including race (Asian vs. White), lactate dehydrogenase, estimated glomerular filtration rate, renal function categories, hepatic function measures and categories, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, therapy (monotherapy vs. combination therapy), and line of therapy did not show a statistically significant impact on tislelizumab PK. These results support the use of tislelizumab 200 mg i.v. q3w without dose adjustment in a variety of patient subpopulations.
Effectiveness and safety of monoamine oxidase inhibitor treatment for bipolar depression versus unipolar depression: An exploratory case cohort study

Patients with bipolar disorder spend most of their clinical lifetime in the depressive phase of their illness. However, antidepressants are discouraged in the treatment of bipolar depression due to concerns over manic induction and drug ineffectiveness. Some reports suggest that monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) may be safe and effective compared to other antidepressants in treating bipolar depression. The present study compared the safety and effectiveness of MAOI therapy in patients with bipolar versus unipolar depression.
Simulating twisted mass fermions at physical light, strange, and charm quark masses

We present the QCD simulation of the first gauge ensemble of two degenerate light quarks, a strange and a charm quark with all quark masses tuned to their physical values within the twisted mass fermion formulation. Results for the pseudoscalar masses and decay constants confirm that the produced ensemble is indeed at the physical parameters of the theory. This conclusion is corroborated by a complementary analysis in the baryon sector. We examine cutoff and isospin breaking effects and demonstrate that they are suppressed through the presence of a clover term in the action.
The Bullet Cluster 1E0657-558 evidence shows modified gravity in the absence of dark matter

A detailed analysis of the 2006 November 15 data release X-ray surface density Σ-map and the strong and weak gravitational lensing convergence K-map for the Bullet Cluster 1E0657-558 is performed and the results are compared with the predictions of a modified gravity (MOG) and dark matter. Our surface density Σ-model is computed using a King β-model density, and a mass profile of the main cluster and an isothermal temperature profile are determined by the MOG. We find that the main cluster thermal profile is nearly isothermal. The MOG prediction of the isothermal temperature of the main cluster is T = 15.5 ± 3.9keV, in good agreement with the experimental value T = 14.8 +2.0 -1.7 keV. Excellent fits to the 2D convergence K-map data are obtained without non-baryonic dark matter, accounting for the 8σ spatial offset between the Σ-map and the K-map reported in Clowe et al. The MOG prediction for the K-map results in two baryonic components distributed across the Bullet Cluster 1E0657-558 with averaged mass fraction of 83 per cent intracluster medium (ICM) gas and 17 per cent galaxies. Conversely, the Newtonian dark matter κ-model has on average 76 per cent dark matter (neglecting the indeterminant contribution due to the galaxies) and 24 per cent ICM gas for a baryon to dark matter mass fraction of 0.32, a statistically significant result when compared to the predicted A-cold dark matter cosmological baryon mass fraction of 0.176 +0.019 -0.012 .
Asynchronous Event-Triggered Output-Feedback Control of Singular Markov Jump Systems

This study focused on the asynchronous event-triggered output-feedback controller design problem for discrete-time singular Markov jump systems (MJSs). A hidden Markov model (HMM) was employed to estimate the system mode, which cannot always be ideally detected in practice. Because the full state is also difficult to obtain in practical scenarios, an output-feedback control scheme was used. In addition, an HMM-based event-triggered mechanism was also employed in the design of the controller to reduce the communication burden of the networked system. Sufficient conditions for the stochastic admissibility of a closed-loop singular MJS with a prescribed $H_{\infty }$ performance index were established using the Lyapunov functional technique. Finally, design procedures for an asynchronous event-triggered controller were summarized as a linear-matrix-inequality-based optimization algorithm. Two examples were considered to verify the effectiveness of the asynchronous event-triggered output-feedback controller design method.
Extremely large magnetoresistance induced by hidden three-dimensional Dirac bands in nonmagnetic semimetal InBi

Extremely large positive magnetoresistance (XMR) was found in a nonmagnetic semimetal InBi. Using several single crystals with different residual resistivity ratios (RRRs), we revealed that the XMR strongly depended on the RRR (sample quality). Assuming that there were no changes in effective mass m* and carrier concentrations in these single crystals, this dependence was explained by a semiclassical two-carrier model. First-principle calculations including the spin-orbit interactions (SOI) unveiled that InBi had a compensated carrier balance and SOI-induced "hidden" three-dimensional (3D) Dirac bands at the M and R points. Because the small m* and the large carrier mobilities will be realized, these hidden 3D Dirac bands should play an important role for the XMR in InBi. We suggest that this feature can be employed as a novel strategy for the creation of XMR semimetals.
Being good to look good: Self‐reported moral character predicts moral double standards among reputation‐seeking individuals

Abstract Moral character is widely expected to lead to moral judgements and practices. However, such expectations are often breached, especially when moral character is measured by self‐report. We propose that because self‐reported moral character partly reflects a desire to appear good, people who self‐report a strong moral character will show moral harshness towards others and downplay their own transgressions—that is, they will show greater moral hypocrisy. This self‐other discrepancy in moral judgements should be pronounced among individuals who are particularly motivated by reputation. Employing diverse methods including large‐scale multination panel data (N = 34,323), and vignette and behavioural experiments (N = 700), four studies supported our proposition, showing that various indicators of moral character (Benevolence and Universalism values, justice sensitivity, and moral identity) predicted harsher judgements of others' more than own transgressions. Moreover, these double standards emerged particularly among individuals possessing strong reputation management motives. The findings highlight how reputational concerns moderate the link between moral character and moral judgement.
Literature review of lupus nephritis From the Arabian Gulf region

Introduction The severity of lupus nephritis (LN) varies between different ethnicities. However, there are limited data regarding disease severity for LN in patients from the Arabian Gulf region; moreover, there are no treatment guidelines developed specifically for this population. The objective of this review was to characterise the incidence of LN, current treatment practices, the severity of LN, and the pathophysiology and biomarkers associated with LN in the Arabian Gulf region. Methods A literature search using EMBASE was conducted in October, 2021 to identify publications reporting on the incidence, treatment practices, severity, pathophysiology or biomarkers associated with LN, from countries in the Arabian Gulf region (including Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates). Additional relevant publications were provided by collaborators. A manual review of the publications was conducted to determine their relevance and data on the outcomes of interest were extracted. Results Of 3705 publications, 54 publications were identified as relevant. LN is one of the most commonly diagnosed renal diseases within the Arabian Gulf and approximately 10%–36% of all renal biopsies are for LN. Treatment patterns within the region appear to vary and generally follow treatment guidelines recommended by the Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology (APLAR), the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). The majority of patients receive cyclophosphamide for induction therapy, whilst others receive mycophenolate mofetil. Most studies showed that the most frequently diagnosed class of LN within the Arabian Gulf region was Class IV (up to 63% of patients with LN). Sustained or increased levels of serum creatinine and proteinuria; and depressed levels of complement C3/C4 were commonly seen among patients with LN from the Arabian Gulf region. Conclusions This review identified that LN may manifest more severely among patients from the Arabian Gulf region than in other populations, such as Caucasian populations. A greater understanding of LN and the treatment practices within the region, as well as the development of more specific treatment guidelines for this population may help improve outcomes for patients with LN in the Arabian Gulf region.
The Large-scale Magnetic Field of a Thin Accretion Disk with Outflows

The large-scale magnetic field threading an accretion disk plays an important role in launching jets/outflows. The field may probably be advected inward by the plasma in the accretion disk from the ambient environment (interstellar medium or a companion star). It has been suggested that the external field can be efficiently dragged inward in a thin disk with magnetic outflows. We construct a self-consistent global disk-outflow model in which the large-scale field is formed by the advection of the external field in the disk. The outflows are accelerated by this field corotating with the disk, which carries away most of the angular momentum of the disk and causes its structure to become significantly different from the conventional viscous disk structure. We find that the magnetic field strength in the inner region of the disk can be several orders of magnitude higher than the external field strength for a geometrically thin disk with H/R ∼0.1 if the ratio of the gas to magnetic pressure βout ∼ 102 at the outer edge of the disk. The outflow velocity shows a layer-like structure, i.e., it decreases with radius where it is launched. The outflow can be accelerated up to ∼0.2–0.3c from the inner region of the disk, and the mass-loss rate in the outflows is ∼10%–70% of the mass accretion rate at the outer radius of the disk, which may account for the fast outflows that are observed in some active galactic nuclei.
Narrow Absorption Lines Complex. II. Probing the Line-locking Signatures within the Trough-like Broad Absorption Line

In this paper, we report the line-locking phenomenon of the blended narrow absorption lines (NALs) within trough-like broad absorption lines (BALs) in quasar SDSS J021740.96--085447.9 (hereafter J0217--0854). Utilizing the two-epoch spectroscopic observations of J0217--0854 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we find that each of its C\,{\footnotesize IV}, Si\,{\footnotesize IV}, N\,{\footnotesize V}, and Ly$\alpha$ BAL troughs actually contain at least seven NAL systems. By splitting these BAL troughs into multiple NAL systems, we find that the velocity separations between the NAL systems are similar to their doublet splittings, with some of them matching perfectly. Cases like J0217--0854, showing line-locking signatures of NALs within BAL troughs, offer a direct observational evidence for the idea that radiative forces play a significant role in driving BAL (at least for Type N BAL) outflows.
Is laparoscopic excision for superficial peritoneal endometriosis helpful or harmful? Protocol for a double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled, three-armed surgical trial

Introduction Placebo-controlled surgical designs are recommended to ascertain treatment effects for elective surgeries when there is genuine doubt about the effectiveness of the surgery. Some elective surgeries for pain have been unable to show an effect beyond sham surgery, suggesting contributions from contextual factors. However, the nature of contextual factors in elective surgery is largely unexplored. Further, methodological difficulties in placebo-controlled surgical trials impact the ability to estimate the effectiveness of a surgical procedure. These include an overall lack of testing the success of blinding, absence of comparison to a no-surgery control group and dearth of test for neuropathic pain. For women with peritoneal endometriosis, there is uncertainty regarding the pain-relieving effect of surgery. Surgery may put patients at risk of complications such as postsurgical neuropathic pain, without guarantees of sufficient pelvic pain relief. The planned placebo-controlled trial aims to examine the effect of surgery on pelvic pain, widespread pain and neuropathic pain symptoms in women with peritoneal endometriosis, and to test the contribution of contextual factors to pain relief. Methods and analysis One hundred women with peritoneal endometriosis will be randomised to either diagnostic laparoscopy with excision of endometrial tissue (active surgery), purely diagnostic laparoscopy (sham surgery) or delayed surgery (no-surgery control group). Outcomes include pelvic pain relief, widespread pain, neuropathic pain symptoms and quality of life. Contextual factors are also assessed. Assessments will be obtained at baseline and 1, 3 and 6 months postrandomisation. Mixed linear models will be used to compare groups over time on all outcome variables. Ethics and dissemination The trial is approved by the Regional Ethics Committee in the Central Denmark Region (1-10-72-152-20). The trial is funded by a PhD scholarship from Aarhus University, and supported by a grant from ‘Helsefonden’ (20-B-0448). Findings will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at international conferences. Trial registration number NCT05162794.
AST/RO Observations of Atomic Carbon near the Galactic Center

We present a coarsely sampled map of the region |l| ≤ 2°, |b| ≤ 0. °1 in the 492 GHz (3P1 → 3P0) fine-structure transition of neutral carbon, observed with the Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO). The distribution of [C I] emission is similar on the large scale to that of CO J = 1 → 0. On average, the ratio of the integrated intensities, I[C I]/I12CO, is higher in the Galactic disk than in the Galactic center region. This result is accounted for by the absorption of 12CO within the clouds located in the outer Galactic disk. The ratio I[C I]/I12CO is surprisingly uniform over the variety of environments near the Galactic center. On average, [C I] is optically thin [or as optically thin as 13CO (J = 1 → 0)], even in the dense molecular clouds of the Galactic center region.
An Embedded X-Ray Source Shines through the Aspherical AT 2018cow: Revealing the Inner Workings of the Most Luminous Fast-evolving Optical Transients

We present the first extensive radio to γ-ray observations of a fast-rising blue optical transient, AT 2018cow, over its first ∼100 days. AT 2018cow rose over a few days to a peak luminosity Lpk ∼ 4 × 1044 erg s−1, exceeding that of superluminous supernovae (SNe), before declining as L ∝ t−2. Initial spectra at δt ≲ 15 days were mostly featureless and indicated large expansion velocities v ∼ 0.1c and temperatures reaching T ∼ 3 × 104 K. Later spectra revealed a persistent optically thick photosphere and the emergence of H and He emission features with v ∼ 4000 km s−1 with no evidence for ejecta cooling. Our broadband monitoring revealed a hard X-ray spectral component at E ≥ 10 keV, in addition to luminous and highly variable soft X-rays, with properties unprecedented among astronomical transients. An abrupt change in the X-ray decay rate and variability appears to accompany the change in optical spectral properties. AT 2018cow showed bright radio emission consistent with the interaction of a blast wave with vsh ∼ 0.1c with a dense environment ( for vw = 1000 km s−1). While these properties exclude 56Ni-powered transients, our multiwavelength analysis instead indicates that AT 2018cow harbored a “central engine,” either a compact object (magnetar or black hole) or an embedded internal shock produced by interaction with a compact, dense circumstellar medium. The engine released ∼1050–1051.5 erg over ∼103–105 s and resides within low-mass fast-moving material with equatorial–polar density asymmetry (Mej,fast ≲ 0.3 M☉). Successful SNe from low-mass H-rich stars (like electron-capture SNe) or failed explosions from blue supergiants satisfy these constraints. Intermediate-mass black holes are disfavored by the large environmental density probed by the radio observations.