Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interventions to prevent obesity in Latinx children birth to 6 years globally: a systematic review

Abstract Objective: To conduct a systematic review of obesity prevention interventions in Latinx children ages birth to 6 years published in any language from 2010–2020. Design: We used PubMed, ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Google Scholar databases to conduct a search on May 1 2020, January 1 2021 and November 1 2022. We included randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies and non-randomised interventions with a control or comparison group that reported measures of adiposity. Setting: Interventions taking place in the United States, Latin America or the Caribbean. Participants: Latinx children ages birth to 6 years. Results: Of 8601 unique records identified, forty manuscripts about thirty-nine unique studies describing thirty distinct interventions in the United States and nine interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean met our inclusion criteria. Interventions were primarily based in early care and education centres (n 13) or combined home settings, for example home and community (n 7). Randomised interventions taking place in community or home settings were more likely to report significant reductions in adiposity or weight-related outcomes compared to other settings. Using the Cochrane risk of bias tools for randomised and non-randomised studies, we judged thirty-eight randomised trials and nine non-randomised interventions to have a high or unclear risk of bias. Conclusions: The results highlight a need for more rigorous designs and more effective intervention strategies in Latinx children at risk for having overweight and obesity. Registered with the PROSPERO database for systematic reviews under registration number CRD42020161339.
Fresh tracks in the forest: assessing incipient payments for environmental services initiatives in Bolivia

Payments for Environmental Services (PES) are being considered worldwide with great interest and expectation. Proposals to create agreements in which beneficiaries of environmental services pay landowners directly for the provision or protection of these services are innovative and promising. But what real PES experiences are actually out there? This work assesses a range of PES or PES-type experiences in one country, Bolivia, in the fields of carbon sequestration, protection of watershed services, biodiversity and aesthetic landscape values. The report concludes that while none of the generally young initiatives adhere fully to the principle of PES as developed in the theoretical literature, many experiment with some of the relevant PES mechanisms. Protection of watersheds and landscape values are the most common types, though the implementing intermediaries often have underlying biodiversity-protection goals. Main obstacles to PES implementation include ideological resistance against the PES concept, the difficulty of building trust between buyers and sellers, and limited willingness to pay on behalf of service users. During their relatively short lifetime, basically all initiatives had been successful in making service sellers (PES recipients) better off in economic terms, while the effectiveness in achieving environmental objectives and securing positive social impacts so far remained more variable. In some cases, redesigning these initiatives to bring them closer to the full PES principles could also enable them to more effectively achieve positive environmental and livelihood outcomes.
Teaching Pronunciation: A Reference for Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages

I. PRONUNCIATION INSTRUCTION IN PERSPECTIVE 1 The history and scope of pronunciation teaching 2 What research reveals about pronunciation II.THE SOUND SYSTEM OF NORTH AMERICAN ENGLISH: AN OVERVIEW 3 The consonant system 4 The vowel system 5 Stress, rhythm, and connected speech 6 Prominence and intonation III. INTERSECTIONS OF THE SOUND SYSTEM WITH OTHER AREAS OF LANGUAGE 7 The sound system and listening 8 The sound system and inflectional morphology 9 The sound system and orthography IV. ISSUES IN IMPLEMENTATION 10 Alternative teaching techniques 11 Curriculum design 12 Testing and evaluation
Collective Decision Making: An Economic Outlook

This book provides an economic approach to the study of collective decision making. In Social Choice theory, the main problem of collective decision making is normally conceived of as one of aggregating diverse individual preferences. However, in practice, objectives are often common to the individuals - whether, for instance, in the firm, or where a medical diagnosis is required - but the information available to each individual, and their ability to utilise that information optimally, differ. The authors therefore deal with a different problem of decisional skills aggregation assuming homogeneous preferences but differing decisional skills, and develop a framework for the study of collective decision making. They examine the effect of the size of the decision making body; incomplete information on decisional skills; interdependence among decisions; shadow prices of decision rules; and of decision making costs and benefits on optimal group decision making. The model is then illustrated in a range of different fields, including industrial organisation, labour economics and in the design of consulting schemes, medical diagnostic systems, and corporate law.
Dual-Layer Detector Head CT to Maintain Image Quality While Reducing the Radiation Dose in Pediatric Patients

Radiation exposure from CT scanning is of increasing concern as CT use in children has risen dramatically. This retrospective study of pediatric CT heads aimed to compare 60-keV with conventional images obtained with different acquisition protocols to evaluate whether a reduced radiation dose can be achieved in 60-keV without compromising image quality. On the basis of image analysis and observer agreement assessment, the authors found a dose reduction of 28% while maintaining superior image quality with a scan protocol of 180 mAs compared with 250 mAs on 60-keV virtual monoenergetic images from spectral detector CT in the pediatric head. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radiation exposure in the CT diagnostic imaging process is a conspicuous concern in pediatric patients. This study aimed to evaluate whether 60-keV virtual monoenergetic images of the pediatric cranium in dual-layer CT can reduce the radiation dose while maintaining image quality compared with conventional images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred six unenhanced pediatric head scans acquired by dual-layer CT were retrospectively assessed. The patients were assigned to 2 groups of 53 and scanned with 250 and 180 mAs, respectively. Dose-length product values were retrieved, and noise, SNR, and contrast-to-noise ratio were calculated for each case. Two radiologists blinded to the reconstruction technique used evaluated image quality on a 5-point Likert scale. Statistical assessment was performed with ANOVA and the Wilcoxon test, adjusted for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Mean dose-length product values were 717.47 (SD, 41.52) mGy×cm and 520.74 (SD, 42) mGy×cm for the 250- and 180-mAs groups, respectively. Irrespective of the radiation dose, noise was significantly lower, SNR and contrast-to-noise ratio were significantly higher, and subjective analysis revealed significant superiority of 60-keV virtual monoenergetic images compared with conventional images (all P < .001). SNR, contrast-to-noise ratio, and subjective evaluation in 60-keV virtual monoenergetic images were not significantly different between the 2 scan groups (P > .05). Radiation dose parameters were significantly lower in the 180-mAs group compared with the 250-mAs group (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Dual-layer CT 60-keV virtual monoenergetic images allowed a radiation dose reduction of 28% without image-quality loss in pediatric cranial CT.
FLASH FLOOD PREDICTION IN THE DEAD SEA REGION UTILIZING RADAR RAINFALL DATA

Flash-flood warning models can save lives and protect various kinds of infrastructure. In dry climate regions, rainfall is highly variable and can be of high intensity. Since rain gauge networks in such areas are sparse, rainfall information derived from weather radar systems can provide useful input for flash-flood models. This paper presents a flash-flood warning model utilizing radar rainfall data and applies it to two catchments that drain into the dry Dead Sea region. Radar-based quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) were derived using a rain gauge adjustment approach, either on a daily basis (allowing the adjustment factor to change over time, assuming available real-time gauge data) or using a constant factor value (derived from rain gauge data) over the entire period of the analysis. The QPEs served as input for a continuous hydrological model that represents the main hydrological processes in the region, namely infiltration, flow routing and transmission losses. The infiltration function is applied in a distributed mode while the routing and transmission loss functions are applied in a lumped mode. Model parameters were found by calibration based on five years of data for one of the catchments. Validation was performed for a subsequent five-year period for the same catchment and then for an entire ten-year record for the second catchment. The probability of detection and false alarm rates for the validation cases were reasonable. Probabilistic flash-flood prediction is presented applying Monte Carlo simulations with an uncertainty range for the QPEs and model parameters. With low probability thresholds, one can maintain more than 70% detection with no more than 30% false alarms. The study demonstrates that a flash-flood-warning model is feasible for catchments in the area studied. The current paper summarizes the main findings of the study. More details can be found in Morin et al. (2009)
Tropical cyclogenesis at and near the Equator

The formation of tropical cyclones within a few degrees latitude of the Equator is investigated using European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses of some prominent cyclogenesis events there. The possibility of formation at the Equator is demonstrated also using idealized model simulations, starting from a prescribed, weak (maximum wind speed 5 m/s) initial counter‐clockwise vortex in an otherwise quiescent, non‐rotating environment.
Turk J Osteoporos 2020;26:121-6

Objective: Osteopenia and osteoporosis are important causes of morbidity in patients with hemoglobinopathies. This study investigates the association between iron accumulation, vitamin D and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with thalassemia major, thalassemia intermedia and sickle cell. Materials and Methods: Serum samples collected from 102 patients with hemoglobinopathy were used; the relationship between ferritin, vitamin D levels and BMD, which was performed with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), was investigated. Results: The ratio of thalassemia intermedia, thalassemia major and sickle cell patients with normal BMD according to the DEXA Femoral T-score was 56.25%, 35% and 39%, respectively. The ratio of thalassemia intermedia, thalassemia major and sickle cell patients with normal BMD according to the DEXA lumbar T-score was 31.25%, 7.5% and 41.25%, respectively. When the patients’ ferritin values and DEXA scores were compared, femur T-score, lumbar T-score, femur Z-score and lumbar Z-score were significantly lower in those with high ferritin values (p values were respectively: 0.0005, 0.0002, <0.0001, 0.0002). When the femur T-score, lumbar T-score, femur Z-score and lumbar Z-score were compared in patients with normal and low vitamin D levels, a statistically significant change was observed in the severe deficiency patients (p values were respectively: 0.001, 0.001, 0.0027, 0.0003). Conclusion: Patients with hemoglobinopathy should be screened through DEXA at an early age. The efforts to provide appropriate vitamin D replacement and to restore the ferritin levels to the normal range may be effective in reducing the morbidity associated with osteoporosis.
Study of charged particle production at high pT using event topology in pp, pPb and Pb Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV

This letter reports measurements which characterize the underlying event associated with hard scatterings at mid-pseudorapidity ( | η | < 0 . 8) in pp, p–Pb and Pb–Pb collisions at centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair, √ s NN = 5 . 02TeV. The measurements are performed with ALICE at the LHC. Different multiplicity classes are deﬁned based on the event activity measured at forward rapidities. The hard scatterings are identiﬁed by the leading particle deﬁned as the charged particle with the largest transverse momentum ( p T ) in the collision and having 8 < p T < 15GeV/ c . The p T spectra of associated particles (0 . 5 ≤ p T < 6GeV/ c ) are measured in different azimuthal regions deﬁned with respect to the leading particle direction: toward, transverse, and away. The associated charged particle yields in the transverse region are subtracted from those of the away and toward regions. The remaining jet-like yields are reported as a function of the multiplicity measured in the transverse region. The measurements show a suppression of the jet-like yield in the away region and an enhancement of high-p T associated particles in the toward region in central Pb–Pb collisions, as compared to minimum-bias pp collisions. These observations are consistent with previous measurements that used two-particle correlations, and with an interpretation in terms of parton energy loss in a high-density quark gluon plasma. These yield modiﬁcations vanish in peripheral Pb–Pb collisions and are not observed in either high-multiplicity pp or p–Pb collisions. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons .org /licenses /by /4 .0/). Funded by SCOAP 3 .
Alcohol Abuse: Prevalence and Detection in a General Hospital

Despite a high prevalence of alcohol-related disabilities and the availability of cost-effective interventions, alcohol abuse and dependence commonly go undetected in hospital inpatients. In a university teaching hospital we compared three well validated screening methods for sensitivity and specificity—the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT, with various cut-off scores), CAGE (a four-question screening tool), and a 10-question version of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (BMAST). A subset of patients also completed the DSM IV structured clinical interview for diagnosis. 1133 adult patients were randomly selected from all hospital admissions, with exclusion of day cases and patients too ill to be interviewed. Two-thirds of the patients were interviewed, most of the remainder being unavailable at the time. 30% of the men and 8% of the women met the DSM IV criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence. Sensitivities and specificities of the screening tools were as follows: AUDIT (with cut-off score > 8) 89% and 91%; CAGE 77% and 99%; BMAST 37% and 100%. 255 case records of patients scoring above the cut-off on one or more questionnaires were subsequently reviewed. The admitting team recognized an alcohol problem in only 46, of whom 17 were referred for appropriate follow up. As in previous hospital surveys, alcohol abuse and dependence was not receiving proper attention. The most efficient screening tool was the CAGE questionnaire.
Growth and Yield of Some Vegetable Cowpea Genotypes as Influenced by Planting Season

Seven promising vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp)genotypes were evaluated at Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria (05°29´N, 07°33´E, 122 masl) in 2011 early and late cropping seasons using split plot in randomized complete block design with four replications. Planting season constituted the main plot while vegetable cowpea genotypes were assigned into the sub-plots. The objectives of the study was to evaluate the growth, yield and yield components of seven vegetables cowpea genotypes as influenced by planting seasons in the humid tropics of south eastern Nigeria. The results revealed that planting season significantly (P IT98K-131-1>Akidi-ani>IT03K-324-9>Akidi-enu>IT98K-692>IT99K-377-1. Among the cowpea genotypes evaluated in the study, IT99K-377-1, IT98K-692 and Akidi-enu gave significant pod yields that were higher by 30.46%, 28.86% and 22.38%, respectively compared to the lowest pod yielding genotype (IIT04K-339-1). These promising high yielding genotypes can be evaluated on-farm for farmers’ benefits as well as to enhance food security and improve the protein intake of people living in sub-Sahara Africa.
Chest x-ray or CT for COVID-19 pneumonia? Comparative study in a simulated triage setting

INTRODUCTION: for the management of patients referred to respiratory triage during the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, either chest radiograph (CXR) or computed tomography (CT) were used as first-line diagnostic tools. The aim of this study was to compare the impact on triage, diagnosis and prognosis of patients with suspected COVID-19 when clinical decisions are derived from reconstructed CXR or from CT. METHODS: we reconstructed CXR (r-CXR) from high-resolution CT (HRCT) scan. Five clinical observers independently reviewed clinical charts of 300 subjects with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia, integrated with either r-CXR or HRCT report in two consecutive blinded and randomised sessions: clinical decisions were recorded for each session. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and prognostic value were compared between r-CXR and HRCT. The best radiological integration was also examined to develop an optimised respiratory triage algorithm. RESULTS: interobserver agreement was fair (Kendall's W=0.365; p<0.001) by r-CXR-based protocol and good (Kendall's W=0.654; p<0.001) by CT-based protocol. NPV assisted by r-CXR (31.4%) was lower than that of HRCT (77.9%). In case of indeterminate or typical radiological appearence for COVID-19 pneumonia, extent of disease on r-CXR or HRCT were the only two imaging variables that were similarly linked to mortality by adjusted multivariable models CONCLUSIONS: the present findings suggest that clinical triage is safely assisted by CXR. An integrated algorithm using first-line CXR and contingent use of HRCT can help optimise management and prognostication of COVID-19.
Local Government Employees’ Technology Acceptance of E-Participation: An Empirical Analysis Using Structural Equation Modeling

The quality and quantity of e-participation procedures depend heavily on the acceptance of the local government employees involved. Based on Venkatesh’s unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, this study investigates the factors influencing these employees’ usage intentions. The results of an online survey of German local government employees show that facilitating conditions, performance expectancy, and social influence significantly impact acceptance. The effect of factors like administrative culture could not be confirmed. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Analysing different payment methods in multi-unit auctions: An empirical evidence from Delhi NCR India

This paper aims to provide empirical evidence for the revenue ranking between discriminatory and uniform price auctions by analysing the market for fractional real estate investment. Additionally, it endeavours to reveals the fact related to quantity of biding under discriminatory and uniform price auction based on the primary data of Delhi-NCR. The empirical outcome reveals that we can discard the assumption of equality average quantity of bidding under the discriminatory and the uniform price auction. Additionally, our result clearly reveals that investors do react differently under discriminatory and the uniform price auction, hence it can be surmised that nature of price auction does have significant impact on the average quantity of bidding. On the other hand, the outcomes of F test reveal that variability in biding quantity under two price schemes are dissimilar. Finally, our result exhibit that revenue generated under the uniform price auction is higher then the discriminatory price auction, hence revenue maximization firms should rely on the uniform price auction.
Creative Steps for Learning Islamic Religion (Classroom Management Study at Smk Muhammadiyah 2 Wates)

This research aims to learn and understand more deeply related to the creative learning and class management steps carried out by Islamic Religious Education teachers at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Wates. This scientific study uses a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and library research. At SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Wates, researchers suggest that educators' roles and functions are vital in carrying out learning steps and classroom management. Based on the research results, every PAI teacher at Muhammadiyah 2 Wates Vocational School must understand, analyze, make decisions, and be competent in achieving changes in class conditions and student enthusiasm, so that learning can be carried out in a conducive and effective manner.
An ultra‐wideband dual circularly polarized slot antenna with high isolation

An ultra‐wideband dual circularly polarized (CP) slot antenna with high isolation is presented. Two L‐shaped probes are on the upper layer, both a ladder strip outside and a bent strip in the center on the bottom layer. The L‐shaped probes and the ladder strip result in four impedance resonance modes, and the bent strip moderates real and imaginary impedances to achieve an ultrawide impedance bandwidth. Furthermore, two L‐shaped strips on the ladder strip make two linear polarized Modes 1 and 2 into two CP modes at the low‐ and mid‐frequency bands. Meanwhile, the bent strip combined with the L‐shaped probes creates the third CP resonance mode at the high‐frequency band. The cutting corner and bent slots on the ladder strip change the amplitude and the phase of the electric fields Ex and Ey to realize ultra‐wideband CP radiation. In addition, the port–port isolation is enhanced because the currents are concentrated on the bent strip, and the coupling current path is cut off with the bent slot. The fabricated antenna achieves a −10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 111% (1.7–5.94 GHz), a 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth of 101% (1.7–5.2 GHz), and a port–port isolation of better than 20 dB. Besides, our antenna obtains a high peak gain of 8.1 dBi and a lower profile of 0.004 λL, where λL is the lowest frequency wavelength of the operating bands in vacuum. These performances make the proposed design competitive for wireless communications.
Analysis of goal-scoring in an elite European women’s football teams

Football is one of the sports with more audience and women’s football has undergone a notable evolution at all levels. Scoring goals is the most relevant indicator of success in football. The aims of this study were to analyse, looking for patterns and/or differences in how gools are obtained through European elite women's teams. The goals were analysed through: way of obtaining the goal, type of finishing, type of assistance, time interval in which the goal was scored, assistance zone and finishing zone. A frequency analyses was performed through total number of actions of 174 goals from French and English teams in the respective national championships. The highest percentage of goals was obtained through offensive organization, also giving importance to the number of goals through tactical schemes (set balls). The zone where most goal submissions occur was in the penalty area, and the time interval of the games where the most goals were scored was defined between the 31 and 61 minutes. Differently from men’s, elite women’s football teams obtain the highest percentage of goals through the offensive organization, with a substantial number of goals also being scored through tactical schemes.