Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictive Performance Analysis of PDF – IDF Model Types Using Rainfall Observations from Fourteen Gauged Stations

The design of structures for flood mitigation depends on the adequate estimation of rainfall intensity over a given catchment which is achieved by the rainfall intensity duration frequency modelling. In this study, an extensive comparative analyses were carried out on the predictive performance of three PDF – IDF model types, namely: Gumbel Extreme Value Type 1 (GEVT – 1), Log-Pearson Type 3 (LPT – 3) and Normal Distribution (ND) in 14 selected cities in Southern Nigeria. This is to rank the order of best performance. The principle of general model development was adopted in which rainfall intensities at different durations and specified return periods were used as input data set. This is not same as return period specific model that involves rainfall intensities for various durations and a given return period. The predicted rainfall intensity values with the PDF – IDF model types indicate high goodness of fit (R) and Mean Squared Errors (MSE) Original Research Article Nwaogazie et al.; IJECC, 11(1): 125-143, 2021; Article no.IJECC. 66578 126 ranging from: (a) R = 0.875 – 0.992; MSE = 33.17 – 224.6 for GEVT – 1; (b) R = 0.849 – 0.990; MSE = 65.34 – 405.5 for LPT – 3 and (c) R 2 = 0.839 – 0.992; MSE = 29.23 – 200.2 for ND. The comparative analysis of all the 42 general models (14 locations versus 3 model types) considered showed that the order of best performance is LPT – 3 1 st , GEVT 1 2 nd and ND 3 rd for each return period (10, 50 and 100 years). The Kruskal Wallis test of significance indicates that no significant difference exists in the predictive performance of the three General models across the board. This may be due to the fact that the fourteen locations of the study area are bordering with the Atlantic Ocean and seems to have similar climatology. These developed General models are recommended for the computation of intensities in the fourteen locations for the design of flood control structures; and the order of preference should be LPT – 3 > GEVT – 1 > ND.
The dysmorphic metatarsal parabola in diabetes—clinical examination and management: a narrative review

Foot posture and function is important in diabetes, particularly as neuropathy in diabetes may present with motor in addition to sensory neural deficits. Examination of the anatomical architecture of the foot can inform on its load-bearing and balancing function. An examination that does not feature in guidelines on assessment of the diabetic foot is that of assessing whether a metatarsal parabola is present or malformed. The metatarsal ‘parabola’ (in the transverse plane) is so called because the cascade of the differing lengths of the metatarsals form a parabola, defined as the intersection of an arc with a flat (plantar) surface. The parabola serves a function in the rollover motion or forefoot rocker of the foot before heel rise to provide stability and balance in static stance. A further function ensures that the lever-action at the first metatarsophalangeal joint takes place with dorsiflexion of the hallux. This narrative review summarises the literature regarding methods of measuring the metatarsal parabola, dysfunction of the foot due to a dysmorphic metatarsal parabola, clinical relevance, examination and management in diabetes care. It documents the short first metatarsal (SFM) as a risk factor for diabetic foot ulceration. Examination for identification and management of dysmorphic metatarsal parabolae is recommended for foot examinations in diabetes care.
The effect of reversibility and high pressure on soot formation

The Effect of Reversibility and High Pressure on Soot Formation Nickolas Anthony Eaves Doctorate of Philosophy Graduate Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering University of Toronto 2016 Reducing soot emissions from combustion processes is important due to the negative health and environmental effects of atmospheric soot. In order to achieve this goal, there has to be a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of soot formation to allow for the determination of economically viable methods of reducing these emissions. Due to the highly complex nature of soot formation, detailed numerical models are employed to gain fundamental understanding of the factors that affect each mechanism of soot evolution. Since most practical combustion devices operate at elevated pressures, it is important to understand the effect of pressure on soot formation. The overall goal of this thesis is to improve the currently employed models by replacing tunable constants with fundamental physics, with secondary goals of applying the model to high pressure conditions. This thesis is divided into four research studies. The first is a detailed description and validation of the numerical code utilized to simulate soot formation, denoted as the CoFlame code. The second study develops a novel model for two key soot formation processes, which are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) nucleation and condensation processes. The novel reversible PAH clustering (RPC) model is shown to be superior to previous models. The third study enhances the RPC model to include nucleation and condensation events from a wide range of PAHs. It is shown that smaller PAHs contribute the most to the nucleation process, while all PAHs contribute to the condensation process. The fourth and final study applies the CoFlame code to high pressure flames and determines that shear between the air and fuel streams is responsible for the formation of recirculation zones at elevated pressures and complete conversion of fuel to soot.
Numerical investigation of the thermo‐hydraulic performance of water‐based nanofluids in a dimpled channel flow using Al2O3, CuO, and hybrid Al2O3–CuO as nanoparticles

In this study, the authors study the impact of spherical dimple surfaces and nanofluid coolants on heat transfer and pressure drop. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the thermal performance of nanofluids with respect to different Reynolds numbers (Re) and nanoparticle compositions in dimpled channel flow. Water‐based nanofluids with Al 2 O 3 , CuO, and Al 2 O 3 –CuO nanoparticles are considered for this investigation with 1%, 2%, and 4% volume fraction for each nanofluid. The simulations are conducted at low Reynolds numbers varying from 500 to 1250, assuming constant and uniform heat flux. The effective properties of nanofluids are estimated using models proposed in the literature and are combined with the computational fluid dynamics solver ANSYS Fluent for the analysis. The results are discussed in terms of heat transfer coefficient, temperature distributions, pressure drop, Nusselt number, friction factors, and performance criterion for all the cases. For all cases of different nanoparticle compositions, the heat transfer coefficient was seen as 35%–46% higher for the dimpled channel in comparison with the smooth channel. Besides, it was observed that with increasing volume fraction, the values of heat transfer and pressure drop were increased. With a maximum of 25.18% increase in the thermal performance, the 1% Al 2 O 3 /water was found to be the best performing nanofluid at Re = 500 in the dimpled channel flow.
The Impact of Noah-MP Physical Parameterizations on Modeling Water Availability during Droughts in the Texas-Gulf Region

Texas is subject to severe droughts, including the record-breaking one in 2011. To investigate the critical hydrometeorological processes during drought, we use a land surface model, Noah-MP, to simulate water availability and investigate the causes of the record drought. We conduct a series of experiments with runoff schemes, vegetation phenology, and plant rooting depth. Observation-based terrestrial water storage, evapotranspiration, runoff, and leaf area index are used to compare with results from the model. Overall, the results suggest that using different parameterizations can influence the modeled water availability, especially during drought. The drought-induced vegetation responses not only interact with water availability but also affect the ground temperature. Our evaluation shows that Noah-MP with a groundwater scheme produces a better temporal relationship in terrestrial water storage compared with observations. Leaf area index from dynamic vegetation is better simulated in wet years than dry years. Reduction of positive biases in runoff and reduction of negative biases in evapotranspiration are found in simulations with groundwater, dynamic vegetation, and deeper rooting zone depth. Multi-parameterization experiments show the uncertainties of drought monitoring and provide a mechanistic understanding of disparities in dry anomalies.
Phylogeography of Gloiopeltis furcata sensu lato (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) provides the evidence of glacial refugia in Korea and Japan

Copyright © 2021 The Korean Society of Phycology 13 http://e-algae.org pISSN: 1226-2617 eISSN: 2093-0860 Phylogeography of Gloiopeltis furcata sensu lato (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) provides the evidence of glacial refugia in Korea and Japan Mi Yeon Yang, Daisuke Fujita and Myung Sook Kim* Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Tokyo 8477, Japan Department of Biology, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
Building, sustaining and growing: disability inclusion in business

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the unique and the complementary aspects of disability inclusion and diversity strategies and to offer insight for organizations to integrate disability within diversity frameworks.Design/methodology/approachThe research team conducted semi-structured interviews with diversity and inclusion “champions” from large businesses to learn about policies, practices and processes for fostering disability inclusion. The businesses have all received national recognition for supporting employees with disabilities.FindingsInterviewees described strategies to build, sustain and grow disability inclusion by framing disability similarly to other diversity categories. The champions suggested practices to improve disability inclusion initiatives within their organizations.Originality/valueThere is limited information on what organizations are doing to support disability inclusion in the workplace. This study builds on the existing literature and responds to calls for case information from business personnel to gather data about common and effective practices.
Co-teaching that works: special and general educators’ perspectives on collaboration

ABSTRACT There are surprisingly few studies analysing collaboration between special and general educators that has been proven to work well. The aim of the present study is to explore the perspectives of special and general educators on their collaborative efforts on teaching pupils who receive special education assistance. The study adopts a qualitative approach where interviews with eight educators have been analysed to identify underlying processes and mechanisms that are characteristic of successful collaboration between these two educational professions. The sampling was purposive and only educators who have been found to have achieved successful collaboration in the past were invited to participate. Three main themes emerged during the analysis: a meta-analytic approach to teaching, mutual recognition and enthusiasm, and inclusive education teaching. The overall conclusion of the findings indicates that successful collaboration is embedded in the type of instruction that supports the basic premises of inclusive education and appreciation of diversity. Educational professionals who are willing to come closer to one another in terms of their practice and professional identities are better equipped to succeed in co-teaching situations.
Supervised conversion from Landsat-8 images to Sentinel-2 images with deep learning

ABSTRACT In a specific remote sensing study design, the utilization of images from a particular satellite is necessary. However, the images might be unavailable in a certain time range. Therefore, a conversion method from available remote sensing images at the time range is required. In this paper, we proposed machine learning models that are capable to convert Landsat-8 images to Sentinel-2 images. The models are inspired by the advancement of super-resolution model based on Deep learning. The result of this study shows that the proposed models can predict Sentinel-2 images which are quantitatively and qualitatively similar to the original images.
Universality of citation distributions: A new understanding

Abstract Universality of scaled citation distributions was claimed a decade ago but its theoretical justification has been lacking so far. Here, we study citation distributions for three disciplines—Physics, Economics, and Mathematics—and assess them using our explanatory model of citation dynamics. The model posits that the citation count of a paper is determined by its fitness: the attribute, which, for most papers, is set at the moment of publication. In addition, the papers’ citation count is related to the process by which the knowledge about this paper propagates in the scientific community. Our measurements indicate that the fitness distribution for different disciplines is nearly identical and can be approximated by the log-normal distribution, while the viral propagation process is discipline specific. The model explains which sets of citation distributions can be scaled and which cannot. In particular, we show that the near-universal shape of the citation distributions for different disciplines and for different citation years traces its origin to the nearly universal fitness distribution, while deviations from this shape are associated with the discipline-specific citation dynamics of papers.
In-class ‘ability’-grouping, teacher judgements and children’s mathematics self-concept: evidence from primary-aged girls and boys in the UK Millennium Cohort Study

ABSTRACT This paper analyses English Millennium Cohort Study data (N = 4463). It examines two respective predictors of children’s maths self-concept at age 11: earlier in-class maths ‘ability’ group and earlier teacher judgements of children’s maths ‘ability/attainment’ (both at age seven). It also investigates differential associations by maths cognitive test score at seven (which proxies maths skill), and by gender. In the sample overall, controlling for numerous potential confounders including maths score, bottom-grouped children and children judged ‘below average’ are much more likely to have later negative maths self-concept. Beneath this aggregate lies variation by gender. All highest ‘ability’-grouped boys have very low chances of negative self-concept, regardless of maths score – but low-scoring girls placed in the highest group have heightened chances of thinking subsequently they are not good at maths. Additionally, the association between negative teacher judgement and negative self-concept is more pervasive for girls.
The Complexity of Drug Consumption Room Policy and Progress in Finland

Drug consumption rooms (DCRs) have been established to reach high-risk people who use drugs (PWUDs) and reduce drug-associated harm. Despite effectiveness, their establishment requires strong advocacy and efforts since moral perspectives tend to prevail over health outcomes in many countries. DCRs have generally emerged as a local response to inadequate central government policy. Likewise, the initiative of the Municipality of Helsinki in 2018 opened up a discussion between central government, society, and local actors in Finland. This would be the first DCR in Finland, which makes the policy process and the progress of the initiative interesting for analysis. In this article, the identification of agents, structures of interactions, environmental challenges, and policy opportunities are analyzed within the framework of complexity theory. Our results show that the initiative faces policy barriers that have mainly arisen from the conceptualization of DCRs in moral frameworks that result in the prolongation of political and professional actors to take a position on DCRs.
Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di Sekolah Dasar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan pembelajaran jarak jauh bagi siswa kelas 1 dan 2 di SDN Bluto 1 Sumenep, Madura. Dengan fokus penelitian pertama, untuk mengetahui apa kebijakan yang dibuat oleh sekolah dalam melaksanakan PJJ, yang kedua untuk mengetahui bagaimana kondisi guru ketika menghadapi PJJ, dan yang ketiga, untuk mengetahui apa saja kendala yang dihadapi oleh sekolah ketika PJJ. metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus, dengan sumber data yang diperoleh dari kepala sekolah, guru dan orang tua peserta didik. Tekhnik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan observasi non pastisipan, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Analasis data meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan, selanjutnya data-data tersebut dilakukan triangulasi. Temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah sekolah tidak membuat turunan kebijakan berupa aturan tehnis dalam pelaksanaan PJJ, guru belum siap dalam pelaksanaan PJJ akhirnya pembelajaran tidak berjalan dengan optimal, dan banyak sekali kendala yang dihadapi sekolah dan harus dievalusi.
Italy versus Other European Countries: Sustainable Development Goals, Policies and Future Hypothetical Results

The topic of sustainable development has become increasingly central to the international community. In 2015, the UN approved the 2030 Agenda, an action plan aimed at pursuing sustainable development. The founding elements of the 2030 Agenda are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) that refer to different areas of development. The objective of this study is to determine the state of implementation of the SDGs in Italy and to understand to what extent the country will be able to reach European standards in 2030 under current policies. To this end, a quantitative analysis was carried out which, thanks to the use of official statistics and the FORECAST.ETS function, made it possible to identify the value that the indicators will have in 2030. In addition, the dynamic index methodology was applied to measure the degree of implementation of the SDGs between two different historical periods: 2018 and 2030. The analyses carried out shows that Italy needs to take urgent measures to meet its commitment to the 2030 Agenda. The study offers one of the first insights into the implementation of the 2030 Agenda as, in addition to analyzing the country’s performance, it examines the pursuit of the SDGs within the country itself. It is therefore believed that the results may be of interest to governments, experts, and academics.
Preparation experiences of pre-service inclusive preschool teachers: a qualitative metasynthesis

ABSTRACT The early childhood workforce needs to be prepared to support children with disabilities within the inclusive preschool classroom. Early childhood personnel standards and requirements include competencies for supporting children with disabilities and their families. Teacher preparation programs should ensure that preservice teachers engage in coursework and placements that prepare them to teach in inclusive preschool classrooms. Existing qualitative studies exploring the inclusive preschool preparation experiences of preservice teachers provide insights into these experiences. Yet, a synthesis of these findings does not exist. Hence, a qualitative metasynthesis was conducted to provide insight to the field of early childhood teacher preparation in regards to preschool inclusion. Qualitative findings from 11 peer-reviewed studies were analyzed, synthesized, and interpreted to understand the experiences of preservice teachers and highlight what they learned from these experiences and the resulting impact on their dispositions and confidence in regard to inclusive preschool. Suggestions for early childhood preservice preparation programs and future research are discussed.
Board structure and financial reporting quality of Nigerian listed deposit money banks

Corporate governance is a theory in which management supervision facilitates the decision-making process, both in public and private organizations. The study investigated the outcome of board characteristics such as the board size and board composition, audit committee size, leverage, and firm size on earning management (financial reporting quality) in listed deposit money banks in Nigeria from 1999 to 2018. The study employed a panel regression technique to analyse the relationship between financial reporting quality and board structure. Also, to determine the appropriateness of the estimation technique to adopt Hausman tests was carried out. For the determination of earnings management and to separate nondiscretionary accrual (NDAC) constituents from the total accruals (TA) to arrive at discretionary accrual (DAC) components, the studies of the Jones model (1991), as modified by Dechow and Sloan (1995) used. The Hausman test result revealed that Random Effect was the most appropriate estimator, in line with the null hypothesis. It was confirmed by the Breusch-Pagan Lagrangian multiplier, while the Breusch-Pagan/Cook-Weisberg test confirmed no heteroskedasticity. Panel regression results showed that (board size and board composition) has a significant positive impact on financial reporting quality. However, audit committee size and Leverage have positive but insignificant relation. Besides, firm size has a significant adverse effect on the dependent variable. In contrast, Leverage has a positive but no impact on the financial reporting quality of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The inferences are that board size, board composition,n, and firm size are significant variables influencing Nigeria’s financial reporting quality. Therefore, the study recommends that banks and regulatory authorities check the excessive acquisition of assets and numerical increase in audit committee members to enhance commercial banks’ financial reporting quality in Nigeria.
Effect of Mixing Ratios on Proximate Composition and ConsumerAcceptability of “Gurundi” Snack Prepared from Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus )

Gurundi a crunchy ready to eat snack was prepared from tigernuts, using different formulations of mixing ratios tigernut: cassava starch ANN (50:50), BUK (90:10), FUN (80:20), YEM (70:30). Proximate composition evaluation of the resultant snacks showed Protein, Fat, Crude fibre, Carbohydrate, Total ash and moisture content decreased with an increase in cassava starch ratio in all the snacks. Consumer acceptability of the different formulation ratios of snacks produced was also determined with respect to the following parameters: taste, colour, crunchiness, mouthfeel and general acceptability by trained panelists. At (P<0.05), There was no significant difference in taste and mouthfeel at for all samples. ANN was the most preferred sample for all parameters except crunchiness. BUK was least preferred in terms of colour. FUN and YEM were most preferred for crunchiness. BUK with the highest proportion of tigernuts was least preferred in terms of crunchiness. Though ANN had the most general acceptability, FUN would provide more calorific energy nutritionally since it has a higher carbohydrate content.