Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overview of Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome: A Narrative Review

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a rare disorder caused primarily by compression of the celiac trunk by the median arcuate ligament (MAL). This disorder typically results in patients presenting with bloating, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The MALS diagnosis is one of exclusion, as the disorder has no specific diagnostic criteria. Imaging modalities are often utilized to assist in making the diagnosis, such as ultrasound, computed tomography angiography (CTA), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). These imaging modalities typically reveal a stenosed celiac artery with post-stenotic dilation in patients. This disorder is usually treated by dividing the MAL, thus relieving the compression of the celiac artery. The surgery may be done through either an open approach or a minimally invasive approach, which can be either laparoscopic or robot-assisted. Most patients respond well to this treatment, though certain factors that predict a poorer response to treatment include elderly age, a history of alcohol abuse, and psychiatric illness.
Rewind for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Background. The Rewind Technique (Rewind) is a psychological therapy for people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is already used regularly in the National Health Service (NHS), the third sector and private practice across the UK. This study set out to explore the potential efficacy and feasibility of remotely delivered Rewind for the treatment of PTSD. Methods. This study was a two-armed, exploratory RCT to assess the preliminary efficacy, adherence, feasibility, and factors affecting outcome of Rewind versus a waitlist control group. Results. The entire trial was delivered remotely using video calls for treatment sessions and outcome assessments. A total of 40 participants were randomised with 80% retention at the primary endpoint of 8-week postrandomisation. The difference in Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 scores between the immediate and delayed Rewind arms was 12.64 (95% CI, 2.29 to 22.99, F = 6.38 , df = 1 , p = 0.02 ) at 8 weeks. The Cohen’s d was 1.05 indicating a large effect size at 8 weeks with maintenance in symptom improvement at 16 weeks. Conclusion. Rewind, delivered remotely, demonstrated a large effect size in treating symptoms of PTSD within this trial cohort. This trial demonstrates a preliminary signal of efficacy supporting the clinical use of Rewind in the treatment of people with PTSD.
Preventive Saline Irrigation of the Bile Duct to Reduce the Rate of Residual Common Bile Duct Stones Without Intraductal Ultrasonography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) has been proven efficacious in the removal of CBD stones. Even after endoscopic stone removal, recurring cholangitis due to a residual common bile duct (CBD) stone is prevalent in clinical practice with a residual recurrence rate of 4-24% after successful stone retrieval. This comprehensive study and meta-analysis aimed to determine if preventive saline irrigation of the bile duct (PSIB) reduces the amount of residual CBD stones. Through a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science until November 20, 2022, we identified 164 articles comparing the efficacy of PSIB and non-PSIB post-endoscopic CBD stone removal. After stringent selection, three studies were included for meta-analysis using ReviewManager (ReVman version 5.4.1; Cochrane, London, UK). Using a random effect (RE) model, we derived a pooled odds ratio (OR) with confidence interval (CI) (95%CI). A total of three studies have been included in the analysis. Out of which, two are randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one is a non-randomized study. Out of 323 patients, 157 underwent PSIB after an endoscopic stone removal of CBD stones to reduce the residual of CBD stones, whereas 166 did not undergo saline irrigation (non-PSIB). In our analysis, PSIB significantly reduced the risk of residual stones (OR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.11-0.45). However, there was no notable link between PSIB and post-irrigation cholangitis (OR: 1.08, 95%CI: 0.21-2.21). Although not statistically significant, PSIB showed a trend toward lowered risks of post-procedural pancreatitis (OR: 0.65), bleeding (OR: 0.68), and other complications (OR: 0.64). PSIB effectively reduces residual CBD stones after endoscopy, offering a cost-effective alternative to invasive procedures such as intraductal ultrasound (IDUS). However, larger RCTs are needed to validate its definitive role.
Unidirectional alteration of methylation and hydroxymethylation at the promoters and differential gene expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Although overall losses of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) have been previously observed, a genome-wide, single-base-resolution, and simultaneous mapping of 5mC and 5hmC in OSCC is still unaccomplished. Similarly, the mechanism of how 5mC and 5hmC collectively lead to abnormal gene expression in OSCC is largely unexplored. Using parallel whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and whole-genome oxidative bisulfite sequencing (oxWGBS), we characterized 5mC- and 5hmC-profiles at single-nucleotide resolution in paired primary OSCC samples and their normal adjacent tissues (NATs). We also analyzed the effect of 5mC- and 5hmC-modifications on differential gene expression in OSCC using multi-omics analysis. Results: An overall reduction of both 5mC and 5hmC in various genomic regions have been observed in OSCC samples. At promoter regions, a total of 6,921 differentially methylated regions and 1,024 differentially hydroxymethylated regions were identified in OSCC. Interestingly, compared to bidirectional modification with 5mC and 5hmC, unidirectional modification with 5mC and 5hmC at the promoters is associated with bigger change in the gene expression. Additionally, genes bearing unidirectional modification with 5mC and 5hmC at the promoters are enriched in signaling pathways like cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and receptor tyrosine kinase pathway that are essential for the tumorigenesis. Finally, the grouped expression signature of top 20 genes bearing promoter-unidirectional-modification with 5mC and 5hmC tends to correlate with the clinical outcome of certain subtypes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: Using parallel WGBS and oxWGBS analyses, we observed an overall reduction of 5mC- and 5hmC-modifications at various genomic regions in OSCC. Unidirectional modification with 5mC and 5hmC at the promoters is associated with enhanced changes in gene expression in OSCC tissues. Furthermore, such differentially expressed genes bearing unidirectional modifications with 5mC and 5hmC at the promoters might have clinical relevance to the outcome of OSCC.
Spatio‐temporal transitions in Paleozoic Bivalvia: An analysis of North American fossil assemblages

To understand the radiation of any higher taxon, it is important to establish the degree to which global diversification may have been associated with, and possibly dependent on, local paleoenvironmental transitions. In this paper, paleoenvironmental changes accompanying the Paleozoic radiation of the Class Bivalvia are evaluated using a literature‐derived, genus‐level data base of 505 Paleozoic benthic marine fossil assemblages, mainly from North America. A series of contoured time‐environment diagrams, constructed to evaluate spatio‐temporal patterns in the Class as a whole and in constituent life habit groupings, reveals that the Paleozoic spatio‐temporal history of bivalves was dynamic. During their initial Ordovician radiation, bivalves quickly became established in both nearshore and offshore settings, although their highest diversities were generally nearshore. As the Paleozoic progressed, their importance in deepwater and carbonate‐rich environments, where they had previously not been of major sig.
Personalizing electrolytes in the dialysis prescription: what, why and how?

ABSTRACT Maintenance hemodialysis patients suffer from multiple comorbidities and treatment-related complications. A personalized approach to hemodialysis prescription could reduce some of these burdens by preventing complications such as excessive changes in blood pressure, arrhythmias, post-dialysis fatigue and decreased quality of life. A patient-centered approach to dialysate electrolyte concentrations represents one such opportunity. In addition to modifications in dialysate electrolyte concentrations, consideration of individual factors such as patients’ serum concentrations, medication profiles, nutritional status and comorbidities is critical to tailoring hemodialysis prescriptions to optimize patient outcomes. The development of personalized dialysis treatment depends on the collection of comprehensive patient data, advances in technology, resource allocation and patient involvement in decision-making. This review discusses how the treatment of maintenance hemodialysis patients could benefit from individualized changes in certain dialysis fluid components.
Anthropogenic and natural contributions to tropospheric sulfate: A global model analysis

A global three‐dimensional model is used to examine the export of anthropogenic sulfur from northern midlatitude continents and to assess the relative importance of anthropogenic and natural sources to sulfate levels in different regions of the troposphere. Model results indicate that about 40% of the anthropogenic sulfur emitted in the United States, Europe, or eastern Asia is exported out of the continental boundary layer of these regions; the rest is removed within the regions, primarily by dry deposition of SO2 and wet deposition of SO42−. Export is relatively more efficient in summer than in winter. There is little nonlinearity between the magnitude of sulfur emissions in the northern midlatitude continents and the export of this sulfur to the global atmosphere. Anthropogenic influence on SO42− decreases rapidly with altitude because of efficient scavenging of SO2 and SO42− in deep convective updrafts. Thus it is found that anthropogenic influence accounts on average for less than 20% of SO42− anywhere in the upper troposphere. The main source of SO42− in the tropical upper troposphere in the model is from biogenic dimethylsulfide (DMS) pumped in deep convective events. Volcanic emissions account for 20–40% of SO42− in much of the middle troposphere and for up to 80% over the North Pacific; they also represent a major contributor to SO42− in the upper troposphere at high latitudes. On a global scale, it is estimated that anthropogenic, biogenic, and volcanic emissions account for 70%, 23%, and 7%, respectively, of the global sulfur source, but that they account for 37%, 42%, and 18%, respectively, of the global column of atmospheric SO42−. The disproportionality between source and column contribution reflects the rapid deposition of anthropogenic SO2 and SO42− at low altitudes. It thus appears that the anthropogenic contribution to the SO42− aerosol optical depth is much less than would be expected simply on the basis of emissions.
Relative contributions of gaseous oxidized mercury and fine and coarse particle‐bound mercury to mercury wet deposition at nine monitoring sites in North America

Relative contributions to mercury wet deposition by gaseous oxidized mercury (%GOM) and fine and coarse particle‐bound mercury (%FPBM and %CPBM) were estimated making use of monitored FPBM air concentration and mercury wet deposition at nine North American locations. Scavenging ratios of particulate inorganic ions (K+ and Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+) were used as a surrogate for those of FPBM and CPBM, respectively. FPBM and CPBM were estimated to contribute 8–36% and 5–27%, respectively, depending on the location, to total wet deposition. The rest of the 39–87% was attributed to the contribution of GOM. The average %GOM, %FPBM and %CPBM among all locations were 65%, 17%, and 18%, respectively. The relative distributions of %GOM, %FPBM, and %CPBM were influenced by Hg(II) gas‐particle partitioning, urban site characteristics, and precipitation type. At the regional scale, %GOM dominated over %FPBM and %CPBM. However, the sum of FPBM and CPBM contributed to nearly half of the total Hg wet deposition in urban areas, which was greater than other site categories and is attributed to higher FPBM air concentrations. At four locations, %FPBM exceeded %GOM during winter in contrast to summer, suggesting the efficient snow scavenging of aerosols. The results from this study are useful in improving mercury transport models since most of these models do not estimate CPBM, but frequently use monitored mercury wet deposition data for model evaluation.
Ten-year (1993-2002) time-series of microwave land emissivity

A new algorithm is developed to retrieve the land surface emissivity at four SSM/I frequencies. The coefficients used in the algorithm are directly derived from a training data set including land emissivity and SSM/I measured brightness temperatures. The training data set is also derived from SSM/I brightness temperatures by removing the effects of atmospheric emission and surface temperature. In doing so, the upwelling and downwelling brightness temperature as well as atmospheric transmittance are computed directly from the global data assimilation system (GDAS) temperature and moisture profiles, and surface temperature. Global monthly mean emissivity maps are generated from the daily products. The retrievals under rain regions are not used in the averaging. The rainy pixels were screened out using SSM/I precipitation algorithm.
Mechanism of incentives and accountability in rural institutions: Regional context in global dimensions of SDGS

Abstract This study aims to analyze the extent to which government incentives and village accountability contribute to village development in Indonesia. The achievement of the Village Development Index (VDI) consists of three dimensions: social resilience, economic resilience, and environmental resilience. These indicators align with the goals of achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The research was conducted using village data from Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The data were obtained from 303 villages and sourced from the Central Sulawesi Statistics Agency. The results of the study show that village accountability and government incentives through the village fund have a positive effect on VDI. This finding is consistent with the differences in VDI measurements using both VDI scores and status. After exploring the dimensions based on VDI, this study also found that accountability had an impact on social resilience and economic resilience, while government incentives contributed to social resilience and environmental resilience. However, village assistance does not appear to have made a significant contribution to village development, and it has also been found that village development in Indonesia has not been evenly distributed in terms of topography. This research provides new insights about the relationship between government incentives, village accountability, and the achievement of SDGs in the rural context. It proposes the formation of accountable villages as one of the strategies and indicators for achieving SDGs in the rural areas of Indonesia.
The Impact of Bioturbation on Infaunal Ecology and Evolution During the Proterozoic-Cambrian Transition

Terminal Proterozoic to lower Cambrian siliciclastic sequences in North Wales, Newfoundland, and Finnmark, Norway have been examined for evidence of changes in metazoan activity, based on ichnological data. Information was collected on infaunal tiering, age, evolutionary complexity, ichnofabric, and taphonomy. Averaged over lower Cambrian time, facies had little effect on size and faunal density of trace-making organisms. A landward shift in bioturbation intensity apparently occurred as larger organisms colonized firm muddy substrates on the inner shelf through time. In the earliest stage of the lower Cambrian, the majority of ichnodiversity relates to surface-feeding trace fossils. Not until the Tommotian is evidence for pervasive detritus feeding common. These changes were driven by evolutionary adaptation and external environmental forces. In addition, the activity of infaunal metazoans altered the intra-sediment environment in a manner that increased habitability and primary productivity in a way that encouraged further exploitation of sedimentary nutrients.
The Role of Biologically-Enhanced Pore Water Transport in Early Diagenesis: An Example from Carbonate Sediments in the Vicinity of North Key Harbor, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida

Biologically enhanced pore water irrigation affects the course of early diagenesis in shallow marine sediments, as illustrated here for the carbonate sediments from North Key Harbor, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida. Whereas macrofaunal activity at the study site extends approximately 15 cm below the water-sediment interface, measured O 2 microprofiles only show O 2 penetration to depths of a few mm. This apparent discrepancy can be explained by considering the 3-D O 2 distribution in the burrowed sediments. Calculations based on an idealized tube model for burrow irrigation show that measureable O 2 concentrations are limited to the immediate vicinity of burrows. Given the observed burrow density (705 ± 15 m -2 ), a randomly positioned O 2 microprofile has a high probability (>90%) to fall outside the reach of radial O 2 diffusion from burrows. Hence, the shallow penetration depths recorded at the site do not exclude a much deeper supply of O 2 in the sediment via the burrows. Other characteristic features observed in the upper 15-20 cm of the sediments, in particular, the absence of SO 4 2- depletion and the presence of subsurface maxima in the profiles of NH 4 + and TCO 2 , are also the result of pore water irrigation. These features are reproduced by the multicomponent reactive transport model STEADYSED1. Results of the model simulations indicate that bacterial SO 4 2- reduction is the dominant pathway of organic carbon degradation, but that consumption of SO 4 2- in the sediments is compensated by its enhanced transport by irrigation. Thus, depth profiles of SO 4 2- may be poor indicators of the importance of SO 4 2- reduction in irrigated sediments.
The Volatile Flavor Substances, Microbial Diversity, and Their Potential Correlations of Inner and Surface Areas within Chinese Qingcheng Mountain Traditional Bacon

The objective of this study was to explore the microbial diversity, volatile flavor substances, and their potential correlations in inner and surface Chinese Qingcheng Mountain traditional bacon (CQTB). The results showed that there were 39 volatile flavor substances in inner and surface CQTB detected by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Moreover, significant differences in volatile flavor substances between the inner and surface CQTB were observed. Sixteen key volatile flavor substances were screened (OAV > 1), including guaiacol, nonanal, ethyl isovalerate, and others. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) result indicated that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the predominant bacterial phyla, and Ascomycota and Mucoromycota were the predominant fungal phyla. Staphylococcus, Psychrobacter, and Brochothrix were the predominant bacteria, and Debaryomyces, Penicillium, and Mucor were the predominant fungal genera. Spearman correlation coefficient analysis suggested that Apiotrichum and Lactobacillus were closely and positively correlated with the formation of key phenol compounds. The present work demonstrates the microbial diversity and related volatile flavor substances and their potential correlations in CQTB and provides a theoretical basis for the development of microbial starter culture and green processing of CQTB.
Study of Erosion Processes in the Tinto Salt-Marshes with Remote Sensing Images

Both climatic factors and the sea wave energy are two important factors to study the tidal wetlands. One of the most important wetlands in the Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula is the Tinto salt-marshes, the third largest wetland in Andalusia after Donana and Odiel salt-marshes. From 1956 to 2010 the land use changes (LUC) have given rise to a great landscape transformation that along with the effects of recent climate change, have caused a strong impact on the environment. With the development of image processing techniques and use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is possible to obtain patterns of erosion sufficiently precisely. In this paper, a new methodology patented by the author is presented and used to obtain the total volume of eroded soil in the Tinto salt-marshes. In the same way, the different causes that give rise to this phenomenon as well as the influence of intertidal processes are discussed. The results shown how the erosion processes are an immediate consequence of the low kinetic energy in the Tinto river and hence of the progressive increase of the negative rate of eroded soil.
Oxygen and lead isotope characteristics of granitic rocks from the Nansha block (South China Sea): Implications for their petrogenesis and tectonic affinity

The pre‐Cenozoic history of the South China Sea (SCS) region is the object of continued debate. To trace the evolution of the SCS, a better understanding of the petrogenesis and tectonic affiliation of the granitic rocks that comprise the microblocks within the region is necessary. In this study, we analyzed the whole‐rock oxygen and lead isotope ratios of granitic samples dredged from two locations in the Nansha microblock, one of the microblocks in the SCS. Oxygen isotope data combined with previously published Sr isotope data show that group I rocks (δ18O = 6.00–7.20‰; average = 6.64‰) originated from a mantle source contaminated by material and/or fluid input from a Mesozoic subduction zone in the southeastern side of the microblock. Group II rocks (δ18O = 6.86‰–9.13‰; average = 7.75‰) also came from the same source, but they were additionally affected by crustal contamination. The Nansha microblock has high radiogenic lead ratios (206Pb/204Pbi = 18.602–18.756, 207Pb/204Pbi = 15.660–15.713, 208Pb/204Pbi = 38.693–38.893), which indicate that the Nansha microblock is tectonically affiliated with the Nanling–Hainan or South China block. This notion is consistent with the results of a previous Nd isotope study. As a whole, results of our study suggest that some of the other microblocks dispersed in the SCS are also possible fragments of South China block, and thus further studies are needed to better constrain the pre‐Cenozoic evolutionary history of the SCS region.