Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute Kidney Injury Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Association with Contrast Media Dosage and Contrast Media Based Risk Predication Models

The effect of contrast media (CM), delivered prior to- and during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), on kidney function, following the procedure, is debatable. Consequently, the performance of CM-based, acute kidney injury (AKI) risk prediction models is also questionable. We retrospectively studied 210 patients that underwent TAVI. We recorded the dose of CM used prior and during TAVI, calculated the results of different AKI risk assessment models containing a CM module, and tested their association with AKI after the procedure. AKI was diagnosed in 38 patients (18.1%). The baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was lower in the AKI+ group compared to AKI− group (51 ± 19.3 versus 64.5 ± 19 mL/min/1.73 mr2, respectively). While the dose of CM delivered prior to TAVI, during TAVI or the cumulative amount of both did not differ between the groups, the results of all tested risk models were higher in AKI+ patients. However, by multivariable analysis, only eGFR had a consistent independent association with AKI. We suggest that the dose of CM delivered prior or during TAVI is not associated with AKI and that the predictive power of CM based AKI risk models is, in all probability, limited to eGFR alone.
Mathematical Modeling of the Financial Impact of Air Crashes on Airlines and Involved Manufacturers

Despite air transport being the safest way to travel, accidents still happen, which incur massive costs and many consequences for industry and society. The main objective of this research is to determine the financial impact of air crashes by distinguishing between fatal and non-fatal events and their effect on the market stock price of the involved companies of airlines and manufacturers. This study also aims to contribute to the literature about the Event Study Methodology by determining which model of the two most employed in this methodology (Market model or Fama-French model) provides more accurate results. The results reveal that the companies harmed when an air crash occurs include the involved airline, regardless of the causes of the crash if it was a fatal event. However, with non-fatal events, the impact on airlines differs depending on the event’s outcome. In any case, effects are immediate, especially on the same day the event occurred. Nevertheless, manufacturing firms show no negative abnormal returns after an air crash. Finally, the Market model is more accurate in this study. These results are important for investors since they show mistrust in air transport and losses only occur in the airline involved, especially if the accident is fatal. In turn, our results provide reassurance to investors in manufacturing companies in the event of such an occurrence. In any case, this study has shown that both airlines and manufacturers must continue to promote and improve safety.
New domiciliary supplemental oxygen therapy after hospitalisation for COVID-19 in metropolitan Chicago

Background A knowledge gap exists in understanding the beneficial use and duration of domiciliary supplemental oxygen (DSO) therapy among survivors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalisations with persistent hypoxaemia upon discharge. The purpose of this single centre study was to begin to address this issue. Methods In this retrospective study we report features of US military veterans residing in metropolitan Chicago with no prior DSO therapy who survived COVID-19 hospitalisation, were discharged on DSO and were followed for 6 months. Results We found that the majority of the 65 elderly patients (median age, 70 years), predominantly obese Black males, who survived COVID-19 hospitalisations at the Jesse Brown VA Medical Center and were discharged on DSO did not undergo a formal 6-min walk test (6MWT) to re-assess ongoing ambulatory supplemental oxygen requirements (46 patients or 71%). Nonetheless, DSO therapy was discontinued in most patients predominantly within 8 weeks of hospital discharge (34 patients, 52%). In addition, a large proportion of patients, obese Black people in particular, who survived COVID-19 hospitalisations and were treated with DSO for at least 8 weeks thereafter developed post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 infection (PASC) (30 patients, 46%). Conclusions Given these findings, we recommend that healthcare providers be appraised about proper monitoring and evaluation, including timely performance of 6MWT, of patients who survived COVID-19 hospitalisations and were treated with DSO for persistent hypoxaemia upon discharge. Whether obese Black males who survived COVID-19 hospitalisations and are treated with DSO thereafter have an elevated risk in developing PASC remains to be determined in larger, prospective studies. A knowledge gap exists in understanding the beneficial use and duration of domiciliary supplemental O2 therapy among survivors of #COVID19 hospitalisation with persistent hypoxaemia upon discharge; hence, proper monitoring and evaluation are recommended https://bit.ly/3HRlfxE
Meat quality – Genetic background and methods of its analysis

Growing consumer awareness is forcing food producers to supply raw material and products of increasingly high quality and health-promoting properties. Knowledge of the genetic background of quality characteristics is taking on great importance, enabling selection based on molecular markers. The increasing throughput of molecular techniques, in combination with an expanding bioinformatics infrastructure, is leading to continual improvement in understanding of the molecular mechanisms influencing meat quality. This has resulted in the identification of polymorphic nucleotides [single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] showing a relationship with meat characteristics such as tenderness [polymorphism in the calpain (CAPN) and calpastatin (CAST) genes], marbling [diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1)], colour, pH and water-holding capacity (WHC) [CAST, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and others], and fatty acid profile (SCD1). An increasingly wide range of methods is used for analysis, from techniques based on amplification of nucleic acids [polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and amplification refractory mutation system-PCR (ARMS-PCR)] through Sanger sequencing to high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. This paper is a review of the literature on polymorphism of genes determining the quality characteristics of meat and molecular methods used to detect them.
Platelet-Derived Drug Targets and Biomarkers of Ischemic Stroke—The First Dynamic Human LC-MS Proteomic Study

(1) Objective: The aim of this dynamic LC-MS (liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry) human platelet proteomic study was to identify the potential proteins candidates for biomarkers of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), their changes during the acute phase of stroke and to define potential novel drug targets. (2) Methods: A total of 32 patients (18–80 years old) were investigated that presented symptoms of AIS lasting less than 24 h from the onset, confirmed by neurological examination and/or new cerebral ischemia visualized in the CT (computed-tomography) scans. The analysis of platelet proteome was performed using LC-MS at baseline, and then on the third and seventh day from the onset of symptoms. The control group was demographically matched without any clinical signs of acute brain injury. (3) Results: The differences between platelets, at 24 h after first symptoms of stroke subjects and the control group included: β-amyloid A4 and amyloid-like protein 2, coactosin-like protein, thymidine phosphorylase 4 (TYMP-4), interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), vitamin K-dependent protein S, histone proteins (H2A type 1 and 1-A, H2A types 2B and J, H2Av, -z, and -x), and platelet basic protein. The dynamic changes in the platelet protein concentration involved thrombospondin-1, thrombospondin-2, filamin A, B, and C. (4) Conclusions: This is the first human dynamic LC-MS proteomic study that differentiates platelet proteome in the acute phase of ischemic stroke in time series and compares the results with healthy controls. Identified proteins may be considered as future markers of ischemic stroke or therapeutic drug targets. Thymidine phosphorylase 4 (TYMP-4) holds promise as an interesting drug target in the management or prevention of ischemic stroke.
The Role of Surgical Approaches in the Multi-Modal Management of Adult Craniopharyngiomas

Craniopharyngiomas are rare, benign primary brain tumors that arise from remnants of the craniopharyngeal duct epithelium within the sellar and suprasellar region. Despite their benign biology, they may cause significant morbidity, secondary to involvement of nearby eloquent neural structures, such as the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and optic apparatus. Historically, aggressive surgical resection was the treatment goal to minimize risk of tumor recurrence via open transcranial midline, anterolateral, and lateral approaches, but could lead to clinical sequela of visual, endocrine, and hypothalamic dysfunction. However, recent advances in the endoscopic endonasal approach over the last decade have mostly supplanted transcranial surgery as the optimal surgical approach for these tumors. With viable options for adjuvant radiation therapy, targeted medical treatment, and alternative minimally invasive surgical approaches, the management paradigm for craniopharyngiomas has shifted from aggressive open resection to more minimally invasive but maximally safe resection, emphasizing quality of life issues, particularly in regards to visual, endocrine, and hypothalamic function. This review provides an update on current multi-modal approaches for craniopharyngiomas, highlighting the modern surgical treatment paradigm for this disease entity.
Liquisolid systems: Evaluation of the influence of formulation variables on the optimum liquid load

Liquisolid systems represent an emerging approach in the preparation of solid dosage forms with liquid lipophilic drug or poorly water-soluble drug solution/suspension in suitable liquid vehicle. This study addresses the lack of data regarding the compaction behavior of liquisolid systems, with the aim to investigate the influence of liquid load, carrier to coating ratio, carrier type (microcrystalline cellulose vs. spray dried calcium hydrogen phosphate, anhydrous (Fujicalin®)) on flowability and compaction properties of liquisolid systems and to determine the optimum liquid loads. Liquisolid admixtures with Fujicalin® showed notably better flowability than those with microcrystalline cellulose. An increase in carrier to coating ratio led to enhanced flowability of the admixtures. Compacts with Fujicalin® had good mechanical properties up to 24.7% liquid, while those with microcrystalline cellulose had acceptable mechanical strength up to 16.2% liquid. Liquisolid systems with Fujicalin® showed similar tabletability profiles as those with microcrystalline cellulose, despite having higher liquid content. The ejection stress values indicated that the addition of lubricant might be needed in the case of liquisolid systems with Fujicalin®. Superior properties of Fujicalin® as a carrier for liquisolid tablets were revealed, and dynamic compaction analysis was found to be a valuable tool for the assessment of compaction behavior of liquisolid systems.
Finite Element Analysis of Dilatant Concrete-rock Interfaces

Constitutive relations are formulated for three different non-linear models of dilatant interfaces. Each model may be incorporated easily into an incremental finite element procedure employing a stiffness approach. The capabilities of each model are discussed in some detail and each is made to fit three sets of experimental data from the direct shear testing of rock and rock-concrete interfaces. The accuracy of these fits is also discussed.
Assessment of Repetitive and Compulsive Behaviors Induced by Pramipexole in Rats: Effect of Alpha-Synuclein-Induced Nigrostriatal Degeneration

Treatment with dopamine agonists in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with debilitating neuropsychiatric side-effects characterized by impulsive and compulsive behaviors. The vulnerability to develop such impairments is thought to involve interactions between individual vulnerability traits, types of antiparkinsonian medications, and the neurodegenerative process. We investigated the effect of the dopamine D3/D2 agonist pramipexole (PPX) and selective nigrostriatal degeneration achieved by viral-mediated expression of alpha-synuclein on the expression of repetitive and compulsive-like behaviors in rats. In a task assessing spontaneous food hoarding behavior, PPX increased the time spent interacting with food pellets at the expense of hoarding. This disruption of hoarding behavior was identical in sham and lesioned rats. In an operant post-training signal attenuation task, the combination of nigrostriatal lesion and PPX decreased the number of completed trials and increased the number of uncompleted trials. The lesion led to an increased compulsive behavior after signal attenuation, and PPX shifted the overall behavioral output towards an increased proportion of compulsive lever-presses. Given the magnitude of the behavioral effects and the lack of strong interaction between PPX and nigral degeneration, these results suggest that extra-nigral pathology may be critical to increase the vulnerability to develop compulsive behaviors following treatment with D3/D2 agonists.
Surface Alloying of Cylindrical Steel Parts Using Non-Vacuum Electron Beam Treatment

The technology of formation of high-carbon layers on the pipes of low-carbon steel using non-vacuum electron beam cladding is analyzed. Carbon fiber fabrics are used as a carbon source. High-carbon layers are formed on the surfaces of steel pipes due to the electron beam impact. The carbon concentration in high-carbon layers reaches 5.5 wt. % and decreases toward the base metal. The hardness of the obtained coatings reaches 8 GPa. Cladding of high-carbon layers allows increasing wear resistance of the material by 23 % compared to cemented and quenched steel.
Ride Comfort Aspects of Heavy Truck Design

The use of mathematical models to analyze articulated vehicles and their vibration-isolating system is reported. Damping, cab suspensions, and frame vibration are examined in terms of ride comfort. The application of the analytical results and those from impedance and road tests to the development of a cab-over-engine heavy truck family is discussed. The qualitative evaluation of the new design in terms of ride comfort is described. This study has demonstrated that a soft cab suspension improves ride comfort in the vertical as well as the longitudinal direction, although it does not eliminate the ride comfort problem associated with articulated vehicles. This type of suspension, however, eliminates the "jumping ride" problem caused by elastic vibrations of the frame. It has been shown that damping is very important for ride comfort, and that friction has a negative influence. The need is expressed for a numerical method to optimize the damping and to calculate the quality index (rms (root mean square) output/input) for a system with many degrees of freedom. The rms values represent accelerations on the driver's seat.
Gambaran Dukungan Keluarga Terhadap Upaya Pencegahan Hipertensi di Desa Kasreman

Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang dialami secara global dengan ciri khas tekanan darah yang meningkat ≥ 140/90 mmHg. Salah satu faktor yang dapat mencegah peningkatan tekanan darah yaitu dukungan dari keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa gambaran dukungan keluarga terhadap upaya pencegahan hipertensi di Desa Kasreman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 81 responden. Dari penelitian ini menghasilkan berdasarkan jenis kelamin lebih banyak terjadi pada perempuan dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 49 responden (60,5%). Berdasarkan usia 46 – 60 tahun yaitu sebanyak 45 responden (55,6%). Berkaitan dengan pendidikan responden terbanyak yaitu lulusan SD dengan jumlah 36 responden (44,4%). Berdasarkan pekerjaan responden terbanyak yaitu bekerja sebagai petani sebanyak 29 responden (35,8%). sebagian besar masyarakat mendapat dukungan yang baik dari keluarga dengan jumlah 40 responden (49,4%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa mayoritas masyarakat mendapatkan dukungan yang baik dari pihak keluarga.
What we do in the shadows: dual industrial policy during the Thatcher governments, 1979–1990

Selective industrial policy in the United Kingdom is conventionally believed to have vanished prior to the global financial crisis. This article, in contrast, argues that industrial policy remained an intrinsic, if seldom acknowledged, element of neoliberal statecraft. The basis of this is a subterfuge, conceptualised here as a ‘dual industrial policy’, which we explore via an empirical focus on the Thatcher governments. Throughout this time, actions explicitly endorsed by governments as industrial policy generally corresponded with neoliberalism’s hostility to intervention. These conveniently distracted attention from a second set of policies which, although never codified by government as industrial policy, were intended to affect the allocation of resources between economic activity. Analysis of official government publications and expenditure reveals that industrial policy expenditure under Thatcher was far higher than customarily reported. The United Kingdom’s approach has important implications for debates about neoliberal resilience, especially neoliberalism’s capacity to conscript apparently contradictory ideas.
Investigating Students’ Barriers in Young Adult Literature

Young adult literature is authentic material that can be used with junior high school students. Nonetheless, students may find it difficult to read young adult literature as a source of information. The purpose of this research was to find out students' difficulties in reading young adult literature. The method of this study was descriptive qualitative. The sample consisted of 40 students of SMP N 1 Inderalaya Selatan. In this study, a reading test in the form of a multiple choice with 30 questions was used as an instrument. Based on data analysis, students struggled to answer questions on the main idea, supporting details, inference, cause/effect, and vocabulary. As a result, the findings of this study may be helpful to policymakers in improving the reading experience of learners.
ADVERSE AND BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF HIGHWAYS ON RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY VALUES

Four residential communities bisected by Interstate highways were examined to determine the effects of regional accessibility and highway-generated disturbances on property values. Disturbances measured within each community included noise, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrocarbons, and particulates. Data on traffic mix, volume, and speed were obtained simultaneously. Residents were interviewed to determine their perceptions of highway disturbance and other pertinent information. Data were gathered on all valid property sales from 1969 to 1971 Noise pollution level (NPL) contour lines and CO isopleths were plotted for each community. The NPL regression coefficient was significant in explaining variation in property values in all communities and showed an average loss of 2,050 dollars per property abutting the highway. Based on the high degree of multicollinearity between the NPL and CO variables in the regression model, the NPL coefficient reflects more than just noise-induced property value losses. The relationship among NPL, distance from the highway, and property value loss was determined. There was a high degree of correlation between measured noise (NPL) and perceived noise. Residents objected to noise more than any other highway-originating disturbance. Property value increases due to regional accessibility amounted to 5 million dollars in one community, whereas highway-induced property value losses in the same community were 300,000 dollars. Total highway-induced property value losses in the four study communities amounted to about 2.3 million or an average of 1,120 dollars per property.
Use of Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Atrial Fibrillation

The incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) ranges from 2.3–23%. This difference in the incidence of AF is explained by the different ages of the patients in different studies and the different times of application of both reperfusion and drug therapies in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). About 6–8% of patients who underwent percutaneous intervention within AMI have an indication for oral anticoagulant therapy with vitamin K antagonists or new oral anticoagulants (NOAC). The use of oral anticoagulant therapy should be consistent with individual risk of bleeding as well as ischemic risk. Both HAS-BLED and CHA2DS2VASc scores are most commonly used for risk assessment. Except in patients with mechanical valves and antiphospholipid syndrome, NOACs have an advantage over vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). One of the advantages of NOACs is the use of fixed doses, where there is no need for successive INR controls, which increases the patient’s compliance in taking these drugs. The use of triple therapy in ACS is indicated in the case of patients with AF, mechanical valves as well as venous thromboembolism. The results of the studies showed that when choosing a P2Y12 receptor blocker, less potent P2Y12 blockers such as Clopidogrel should be chosen, due to the lower risk of bleeding. It has been proven that the presence of AF within AMI is associated with a higher degree of reinfarction, more frequent stroke, high incidence of heart failure, and there is a correlation with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. With the appearance of AF in ACS, its rapid conversion into sinus rhythm is necessary, and in the last resort, good control of heart rate in order to avoid the occurrence of adverse clinical events.
Surface and Underwater Acoustic Source Discrimination Based on Machine Learning Using a Single Hydrophone

In shallow water, passive sonar usually has great difficulty in discriminating a surface acoustic source from an underwater one. To solve this problem, a supervised machine learning method using only one hydrophone is implemented in this paper. Firstly, simulated training data are generated by a normal mode model KRAKEN with the same environment setup as that in SACLANT 1993 experiment. Secondly, the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) classifiers are trained and evaluated using the scores of precision, recall, F1 and accuracy. Thirdly, the random subspace kNN classifiers are finely trained on three hyperparameters (the number of nearest neighbors, the number of predictors selected at random and the number of learners in the ensemble) to obtain the best model. Fourthly, a deep learning method called ResNet-18 is also applied, and it reaches the best balance between precision and recall, while the accuracies of both simulation and experimental data are all 1.0. Further, data from all 48 hydrophones of the vertical linear array (VLA) are analyzed using the three kinds of machine learning methods (kNN, random subspace kNN and ResNet-18) separately, and the results are compared. It is concluded that the performance of random subspace kNN is the best. Both the simulation and experimental results suggest the feasibility of machine learning as a surface and underwater acoustic source discrimination method even with only a single hydrophone.