Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Organic Soil Amendments on the Physical Characteristics and Yield Components of Potato （Solanum tuberosurn L.） in the Highlands of Cameroon

Potato production has outstripped and even surpassed that of other staple food crops in Africa in terms of yieldsand cultivated areas. These increases are still very low looking at the existing potentialsdue to a number of restraining factors including high cost of inputs, low productivity of soils and the late blight disease severity. A field experiment was conducted in the Western Highlands of Cameroon to study the effects of Calliandra calothyrsus, sterilizedcompost, non sterilized compost and mineral fertilizers (NPK 11:11:22) on physical characteristics, yield components and late blight disease severity of potato (Solanum tuberosum). A two factorial treatment combination made up of fertilization schemes and sanitary measures were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates and 10 treatments. Data collected were subjected to a Multivariate ANOVA and means separated with the Dunnett t-test with Calliandra calothyrsus considered as the main treatment. The results revealed that mineral fertilizers and Calliandra calothyrsus treatments significantly augmented potato plants stem diameter, plant height and plant vigor. Plants treated to mineral fertilizer and Calliandra calothyrsus showed statistically similar vigor but were significantly more vigorous that those in the other treatments. The mineral fertilizers and Calliandra calothyrsus treatments consistently gave significant higher total and marketable yields, despite the fact that late blight severity was high in the two treatments. The correlation matrix showed that total yield had significant and positive correlation with stem diameter (r = 0.74), plant height (r = 0.61), plant vigor (r = 0.61) and marketable yield (r = 0.99) and negative correlation (r = - 37) with late blight severity. From this study, Calliandra calothyrsus as organic manure was effective in improving potato production and is therefore recommended to potato farmers provided appropriate fungicide treatment is applied.
Life and death in wolverines

Developing trustworthy conservation planning for endangered species requires a deep understanding of the variations of their populations in both space and time. I used individual-based long-term location and demographic data on wolverines (Gulo gulo) in Northern Sweden, and data on reproductions from the national monitoring systems of Norway and Sweden, to analyze how wolverine demography in Scandinavia is affected by variation in habitat and management policies. Wolverines showed agerelated patterns of reproduction and reproductive costs, which were influenced by seasonal resources. The top predator Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) increase scavenging opportunities on reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) carrion, and wolverines and lynx selected for the same habitats when sharing prey base and sources of adult mortality. Illegal killing was a main source of adult mortality in brown bears (Ursus arctos), lynx and wolverines in northern Sweden, and the risk of being illegally killed was in general higher in national parks and on reindeer calving grounds, and lower in forest and steep terrain. At population level, the reproductive range of wolverines was set by latitude and elevation; presence of reindeer and lynx, rugged terrain and higher primary production had a positive effect; whereas human dominated habitats negatively influenced the frequency of reproductions. Different management policies influenced the frequency of wolverine reproductions; in Sweden this was 2 times higher than in Norway. Finally, I show that in Sweden, adult female wolverines were illegally killed at lower rates than males. Thus, the Swedish carnivore conservation payment system, which pays for wolverine reproductions, protects the demographic segment that is most important for population growth. Carnivores impose negative impact on rural economies and herding cultures in Scandinavia, and there will be need for continued monitoring combined with economic incentives to ensure carnivore-human coexistence. The approach of linking life histories to habitat has the potential for in-depth studies of mechanisms shaping spatial and temporal variation in populations, and should be implemented in future adaptive management for species persistence.
Measurement of temperature in a margin of Ice Stream B, Antarctica: implications for margin migration and lateral drag

Abstract Ice temperature was measured in and around the chaotically crevassed south margin of Ice Stream B, Antarctica, from 1992 to 1994. The temperatures at 30 m depth in the chaotic zone are about 12 K lower than in the adjacent uncrevassed ice, due to the ponding of cold winter air. At depths greater than 150 m, there is clear evidence of internal heating of the ice due to the large shear déformation rate in the marginal zone. Analysis of the depth of cooling below the crevasses and of the internal heating gives two pieces of information. First, over the last half century the lateral shear stress averaged 2.0 x 105 Pa in the top third of the margin and, second, the margin moved outward at an average rate of 7.3 m a−1. These values do not involve any assumptions about the How law of ice. The uncertainties are roughly 20%. The value of lateral shear stress indicates that the most of the drag on the ice stream is along its sides.
Himalayan and Trans-Himalayan Glacier Fluctuations Since AD 1812

Historical records of the fluctuations of glaciers in the Himalayas and Trans-Himalayas date back to the early 19th century. Local and regional syntheses of 112 of these fluctuation records are presented in this study. The local syntheses deal with fluctuations of glaciers in Kanchenjunga-Everest, Garwhal, Lahaul-Spiti, Kolahoi, Nanga Parbat, Karakoram (north and south sides), RakaposhiHaramosh, Batura Mustagh, and KhunjerabGhujerab. Regional syntheses deal with the composite record and the differentiation of records by glacier type (longitudinal versus transverse) and regional setting (Himalayan versus Trans-Himalayan). In a gross regional sense Himalayan and Trans-Himalayan glaciers have been in a general state of retreat since AD 1850. Filtering of the fluctuation records with respect to glacier type and regional setting reveals that the period AD 1870 to 1940 was characterized by alternations in the dominancy of retreat, advance, and standstill regimes.
Does Geography Matter to Bondholders?

We find that the location of corporate headquarters significantly affects the firm’s bondholders. Similar to Loughran and Schultz (2006) and others, who show that investors are better able to obtain information on nearby companies, we look at firms located in large metropolitan cities, small cities, and rural areas and find that firms located in remote rural areas exhibit significantly higher costs of debt capital (of up to 65 basis points) in comparison to their urban counterparts. Unlike other studies that focus on the role of information asymmetries in the local bias of investors and decision makers, we are able to show that firms in remote areas experience greater costs of debt capital primarily because of a greater difficulty of monitoring their activities. We find that the adverse impact of bad corporate governance on bondholders is magnified in geographically remote firms, primarily because geographic distance reduces the effectiveness of external monitoring. Consistent with that, we show that in the private placement market, where firms are closely monitored by institutional investors, location plays no role in explaining the cross-sectional variation in the cost of debt capital across companies. We also find that the passage of the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which brought about regulatory improvements in monitoring and governance, significantly reduced the agency costs of debt in rural firms. Taken together, our results indicate that the firm’s information environment interacts with the impact of corporate governance, particularly affecting the effectiveness of external monitoring in alleviating agency problems between insiders and debt holders. JEL classification: G10, G14, G34, G38
You’ve got mail: A randomised field experiment on tax evasion∗

We report from a large-scale randomized field experiment conducted on a unique sample of more than 15 000 taxpayers in Norway, who were likely to have misreported their foreign income. By randomly manipulating a letter from the tax authorities, we cleanly identify that moral suasion and the perceived detection probability play a crucial role in shaping taxpayer behavior. The moral letter mainly works on the intensive margin, while the detection letter has a strong effect on the extensive margin. We further show that only the detection letter has long-term effects on tax compliance. JEL Classification Numbers: C93, D63, H26.
Sharper Bounds for ℓp Sensitivity Sampling

In large scale machine learning, random sampling is a popular way to approximate datasets by a small representative subset of examples. In particular, sensitivity sampling is an intensely studied technique which provides provable guarantees on the quality of approximation, while reducing the number of examples to the product of the VC dimension $d$ and the total sensitivity $\mathfrak S$ in remarkably general settings. However, guarantees going beyond this general bound of $\mathfrak S d$ are known in perhaps only one setting, for $\ell_2$ subspace embeddings, despite intense study of sensitivity sampling in prior work. In this work, we show the first bounds for sensitivity sampling for $\ell_p$ subspace embeddings for $p>2$ that improve over the general $\mathfrak S d$ bound, achieving a bound of roughly $\mathfrak S^{2-2/p}$ for $2<p<\infty$. Furthermore, our techniques yield further new results in the study of sampling algorithms, showing that the root leverage score sampling algorithm achieves a bound of roughly $d$ for $1\leq p<2$, and that a combination of leverage score and sensitivity sampling achieves an improved bound of roughly $d^{2/p}\mathfrak S^{2-4/p}$ for $2<p<\infty$. Our sensitivity sampling results yield the best known sample complexity for a wide class of structured matrices that have small $\ell_p$ sensitivity.
Self-Empowerment And Coping Strategies In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that can harm the body, both physically and psychologically (stress). DM patients will carry out adaptive coping strategies to properly manage treatment or therapy. The process of self-empowerment in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus will appear when they have information or knowledge about the disease so that it can influence the patient's self-skills for further treatment. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between self-empowerment and coping strategies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The design of this study was an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional method. The sampling technique used is consecutive sampling. The sample of this study was type 2 DM patients with 84 respondents. The instrument used in this study is the Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Long (DES-LF) questionnaire and the Cope Inventory questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Spearman test. Self-empowerment and coping strategies in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients showed close to maximum results. In the results of the study, it was found that there was no significant relationship between self-empowerment and coping strategies in type 2 DM patients with p = 0.086. It means that other factors can influence coping strategies. Health services can educate patients about the importance of coping strategies for DM clients so that they can reduce the impact of DM disease
Use of a Hindfoot Nail Without Separate Subtalar and Tibiotalar Joint Preparation to Treat Geriatric Ankle and Distal Tibia Fractures: A Case Series

Introduction Ankle fractures in geriatric patients can be devastating injuries, as they limit an individual’s mobility, autonomy, and quality of life. This study examines the functional outcomes and complications related to hindfoot nails (HFN) in geriatric patients who have suffered an ankle malleolar or distal tibia fracture. Materials and Methods This is a single-surgeon case-series of patients who underwent HFN for acute fixation or delayed reconstruction after an ankle or distal tibia fracture. Demographic information, comorbidities, baseline functional status, AO/OTA classification, surgical indications, need for external fixation, total operative time, length of stay (LOS), ambulation at discharge, and discharge disposition were recorded. Primary outcomes included 30-day complications, ambulation at follow-up, and time to fracture union and fusion. Results There were 22 patients, with average age 80.8 years. Mean LOS was 7.0 days, and 68.2% were discharged to subacute rehabilitation. Within 30 days, 1 patient developed a deep vein thrombosis and bilateral pulmonary emboli, and 2 experienced wound dehiscence requiring antibiotics. At 6-weeks, 1 patient sustained a fall with periprosthetic fracture requiring HFN revision, and another developed cellulitis necessitating hardware removal. Fracture healing was seen in 72.7% at 19.4 weeks, while radiographic fusion occurred in 18.2% at 43.0 weeks. 72.7% were ambulating with an assistive device at discharge, and 100.0% at 12-weeks post-operatively or last follow-up. Upon final examination, all patients were ambulating without pain. Discussion HFNs provide a reliable alternative to traditional open reduction internal fixation and have the ability to improve quality of life for geriatric patients through a faster return to weight-bearing. Additionally, radiographic fusion rates show that patients have favorable functional outcomes even without formal arthrodesis. Conclusion HFN is beneficial for elderly patients with low functional demand and complex medical comorbidities, as it allows for early mobility after sustaining an ankle or distal tibia fracture.
Influence of Culture Tank Colours on the Water Quality, Growth Performance and Feed Utilization of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Juveniles

The study was conducted over a period of fifty-six (56) days to investigate the effects of different colours of culture tanks on the water quality, growth, and feed utilization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles. O. niloticus of mean body weight of 8.5g were stocked and fed twice daily with a commercial diet containing 42% crude protein. The experiment had four treatments based on tank colours; white, green, black and blue coloured tanks. Some water quality indices were assessed once in a week while the fish were weighed at the end of the experiment to compute the performance indices. The data were presented using mean and standard error and comparative analysis was done using one way ANOVA at 95% confidence interval with Duncan multiple range test as the follow up test. The water quality parameters examined during the study were not significantly different among the treatments. All the selected water quality parameters were within the acceptable range for tropical fish culture. While there was no significant difference in final weight, weight gain, percentage weight gain, and specific growth rate among the treatments, black tanks showed slightly higher values with 10.89±0.89 g, 2.54±0.94g, 30.47±11.43%, and 0.47±0.16%/day, respectively. Higher feed intake and FCR were recorded in green tank (10.08±0.61 g and 7.92±2.70 respectively) and the least was observed in black tank (9.32±0.12g and 4.23±1.51). The percentage survival of the fish was different significantly among the treatments (P<0.05). Fish reared in white background showed the highest survival (100%) which was different significantly from all other treatments. The blue and black tanks showed slightly higher values of viscerosomatic index and hepatosomatic index with 7.22±1.00% and 2.02±0.25%, respectively, while black and white tanks had the least values with 4.44±1.11% and 1.64±0.15%, respectively. The results showed that O. niloticus juveniles can be reared in all the tanks with no negative implication on their performances. However, black and white tanks showed better potential towards improved growth and feed utilization, while white tank led to better survival rate and tended towards better well-being as indicated by the skin pigmentation and hepatosmatic index. Therefore, rearing of O. niloticus juvenile in white tank is recommended over other colours.
Researching EMI policy and practice multilingually: reflections from China and Turkey

Abstract In the field of English medium instruction (EMI), multilingual research approaches are crucial to carrying out effective and ethically responsible research, because EMI policies and practices are inherently multilingual. This paper is a partial replication study that adopts a ‘researching multilingually’ analytical framework to interrogate the challenges and affordances of using multiple languages during two EMI research projects. In the project in Turkey, the lead researcher, who is an English-Turkish bilingual, analysed policy documents (n = 145) and interview data (n = 67) drawing on her knowledge of both languages. Additionally, 85 EMI classroom observations were conducted. In the project in China, the research team of two L1 English speakers and two L1 Chinese speakers investigated 93 bilingual policy documents and conducted interviews with 26 policy arbiters by drawing on both languages during data collection and analysis. Together, these reflections highlight how multilingual approaches can be utilised throughout the research process, from team formation, research design, data collection, data analysis, and presentation of findings in research reports.
Does Context-Based Learning Increase Academic Achievement and Learning Retention?: A Review based on Meta-Analysis

The meta-analysis focuses on examining the effects of context-based learning on students' academic achievement and learning retention. A comprehensive search of the available research literature identified a total of 42 studies addressing academic achievement and 10 studies investigating learning retention. The findings of the analysis indicated that context-based learning had a statistically significant positive impact on both academic achievement (g=0.970) and learning retention (g=0.791) when compared to teacher-led instruction. These results were obtained using the random-effects model. To ensure the robustness of the findings, an assessment for publication bias was conducted. The analysis suggested that the observed effects were not influenced by publication bias. However, it is important to note that there was a notable variability in effect sizes across the included studies. To explore potential factors contributing to this heterogeneity, moderator analysis was performed on five possible moderator variables. The results of moderator analysis revealed that the impact of context-based learning on academic achievement was only moderated by group size. Specifically, studies with fewer than 50 participants demonstrated a strong effect (g=1.116), as did studies with 50-100 participants (g=1.096). On the other hand, studies with more than 100 participants exhibited a modest effect (g=0.498). These findings suggest that group size plays a role in moderating the effects of context-based learning on academic achievement. It implies that smaller groups may provide a more conducive environment for implementing context-based learning approaches, resulting in stronger effects compared to larger groups.
Appropriateness of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use in Hospitalized Patients: A Cross Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

Background: Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) are often prescribed inappropriately among hospitalized patients and same is often continued even after their discharge from the hospital. The inappropriate use of PPIs leads to an increased risk of adverse effects, drug interaction, and unnecessary hospital expenditure for such patients. Aim of this study was to determine the appropriateness of PPIs use among hospitalized patients. Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted on hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. The clinical records of adult patients hospitalized during April- May 2022 were assessed for the prescribing pattern and appropriateness of PPI use as per the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Results: A total of 192 patient’s records were included in this study with the mean age 57 years and 61% of the study participants were males. Overall, 72% (138) of the study participants were prescribed PPIs by intravenous route and only in 28% (54) cases an oral route was preferred. Pantoprazole was the most commonly prescribed PPI in 112 (58%) patients and it was administered by intravenous route among 87 patients (78%) and by oral route in 25 (22%) patients. PPI use was appropriate in 54% of the cases and they were most commonly prescribed for ulcer prophylaxis. This study identified higher use of PPIs was seen in low risk patients for longer duration than indicated. Conclusion: PPIs are being prescribed inappropriately among hospitalized patient unrelated to their widely accepted clinical indications and are often continued unnecessarily once patient is discharged. These results suggest the need of regular audits on use of PPIs clubbed with educational initiatives to promote rational use of PPIs among hospitalized patients.
Application of Benson Relaxation Therapy in the Nursing of Hemodialysis Patients

: The definition intervention steps, mechanism of action of Benson relaxation therapy were summarized, and the effects and shortcomings of Benson relaxation therapy in the application of hemodialysis patients were summarized. It was expected to enrich the contents of Benson relaxation therapy, so as to provide reference for the research on the application of Benson relaxation therapy in our country's hemodialysis patients
Exploring the Effects of Elevated Serum Uric Acid Levels on Hypertension: A Scoping Review of Hyperuricemia

Hypertension (HTN) is a global health concern due to its increasing prevalence and association with life-threatening complications. An intriguing area of investigation in HTN research is the relationship between HTN and hyperuricemia. In light of this, we conducted a review to summarize the relevant studies exploring the link between elevated serum uric acid (sUA) concentration and new-onset HTN. Through a comprehensive search of PubMed Central, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases, we identified 20 studies that met our inclusion criteria. The research encompassed various study designs, including cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, reviews, and clinical trials. Pathologically, the elevated sUA levels activate the renin-angiotensin system and also cause the formation of urate crystals, triggering inflammation in the kidneys. Additionally, direct effects on the endothelium contribute to inflammation, oxidative stress, nitric oxide depletion, and smooth muscle cell proliferation, ultimately leading to atherosclerosis. These diverse mechanisms collectively play a role in the pathogenesis of HTN. Interestingly, lowering sUA has been shown to reverse early-stage HTN dependent on uric acid. However, this effect is not observed in the uric acid-independent second stage of HTN. Various studies have demonstrated an independent and dose-dependent association between sUA levels and the prevalence of HTN across different populations and genders. The review highlights the potential role of uric acid-lowering drugs, like allopurinol, in the prevention and early-stage management of HTN. However, there is scarce research on the efficacy of other uric acid-lowering agents and combination therapies. We believe our review provides compelling evidence of the association between elevated sUA concentration and new-onset HTN. Identifying and managing hyperuricemia can provide a preventive approach to reducing the burden of HTN and its associated complications.