Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NEW DEVELOPMENTS ON INVERSE POLYGON MAPPING TO CALCULATE GRAVITATIONAL LENSING MAGNIFICATION MAPS: OPTIMIZED COMPUTATIONS

We derive an exact solution (in the form of a series expansion) to compute gravitational lensing magnification maps. It is based on the backward gravitational lens mapping of a partition of the image plane in polygonal cells (inverse polygon mapping, IPM), not including critical points (except perhaps at the cell boundaries). The zeroth-order term of the series expansion leads to the method described by Mediavilla et al. The first-order term is used to study the error induced by the truncation of the series at zeroth order, explaining the high accuracy of the IPM even at this low order of approximation. Interpreting the Inverse Ray Shooting (IRS) method in terms of IPM, we explain the previously reported N−3/4 dependence of the IRS error with the number of collected rays per pixel. Cells intersected by critical curves (critical cells) transform to non-simply connected regions with topological pathologies like auto-overlapping or non-preservation of the boundary under the transformation. To define a non-critical partition, we use a linear approximation of the critical curve to divide each critical cell into two non-critical subcells. The optimal choice of the cell size depends basically on the curvature of the critical curves. For typical applications in which the pixel of the magnification map is a small fraction of the Einstein radius, a one-to-one relationship between the cell and pixel sizes in the absence of lensing guarantees both the consistence of the method and a very high accuracy. This prescription is simple but very conservative. We show that substantially larger cells can be used to obtain magnification maps with huge savings in computation time.
Homological properties of (cid:2) 1 -Munn Banach algebras

Using Morita equivalence, we show that bounded Hochschild (co)-homology of (cid:2) 1 -Munn Banach algebras are isomorphic to those of the underlying Banach algebra A when the related sandwich matrix is invertible over Inv ( A ) . We ﬁnally apply our result to semigroup algebras.
Study of Structural, Magnetic and Optical Properties of BiFeO 3 − PbTiO 3 Multiferroic Composites

The crystalline samples of lead titanate altered bismuth ferrite (BiFeO 3 ) 1 − x ( PbTiO 3 ) x [ x = 0 , 0 . 1 , 0 . 2 , 0 . 3 , 0 . 4 and 0.5] have been synthesized by high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. The formation of the materials was afﬁrmed through fundamental investigation utilizing X-ray diffraction which uncovers the presence of morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in composite. XRD examination displays structural change from rhombohedral ( x = 0 . 0) to tetragonal ( x = 0 . 4). Estimated grain size along (104) peak was observed to be diminished with the increase in content of PbTiO 3 due to mixing of tetragonal phases. SEM and EDAX of sample were carried out for analysis of surface morphology and veriﬁcation of chemical homogeneity, respectively. Study of M-H graph reveals antiferromagnetic nature of BiFeO 3 . Magnetic measurement of (BiFeO 3 ) 1 − x ( PbTiO 3 ) x ceramics shows weak-induced ferromagnetism by substituent effects at temperature of 5 K. Low-temperature magnetic measurement under ZFC reveals an anomaly in tetragonal phase of MPB for composition x = 0 . 2 and 0.3. With respect to BiFeO 3 , BiFeO 3 − PbTiO 3 ceramics displays advancement in the electric polarization. Direct and indirect band gaps are modiﬁed with variation of PbTiO 3 in BiFeO 3 − PbTiO 3 composites.
First-principles investigations of optoelectronic properties of ZnO (cid:2) 1120 (cid:3) and ZnO(0001) monolayers

Devising the two-dimensional (2D) structures of low-cost and non-toxic semiconductors for nanoscale technological applications has attracted substantial interest since the past decade. In this work, we design two types of ZnO monolayers derived from polar 0001-plane and nonpolar 1120-plane of the wurtzite structure, and explore their physical properties using the ﬁrst-principles approach. Both ZnO (cid:2) 1120 (cid:3) and ZnO(0001) monolayers exhibited cohesive and formation energies comparable to that of the stable wurtzite-structured ZnO. However, both monolayers exhibited substantially different electronic structures of band gaps 1.56 eV for single-layered ZnO (cid:2) 1120 (cid:3) and 0.71 eV for ZnO(0001) monolayer. The edges of the valence and conduction bands of ZnO (cid:2) 1120 (cid:3) monolayer are formed by parabolic bands, whereas almost ﬂat band gap edges have been seen for ZnO(0001) surface. As a result, charge carriers associated with ZnO (cid:2) 1120 (cid:3) monolayer exhibited relatively lighter effective mass than ZnO(0001) monolayer. The ZnO(0001) monolayer exhibited symmetrical bond lengths and subsequently isotropic optical spectra, whereas asymmetrical bond lengths and anisotropic subsequent optical spectra have been recorded for ZnO (cid:2) 1120 (cid:3) monolayer. The optical absorption recorded for the designed monolayers has been found higher than their bulk counterpart. The refraction spectra indicated these monolayers of transparent behavior over a signiﬁcant range of the electromagnetic spectrum. These fascinating features of ZnO (cid:2) 1120 (cid:3) and ZnO(0001) monolayers suggest them suitable for applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Josefson–Nissenzweig property for C p -spaces

The famous Rosenthal–Lacey theorem asserts that for each inﬁnite compact space K the Banach space C ( K ) admits a quotient isomorphic to Banach spaces c or (cid:2) 2 . The aim of the paper is to study a natural variant of this result for the space C p ( X ) of continuous real-valued maps on a Tychonoff space X with the pointwise topology. Following Josefson– Nissenzweig theorem for inﬁnite-dimensional Banach spaces we introduce a corresponding property (called Josefson–Nissenzweig property, brieﬂy, the JNP) for C p ( X ) -spaces. We prove: for a Tychonoff space X the space C p ( X ) satisﬁes the JNP if and only if C p ( X ) has a quotient isomorphic to c 0 := { ( x n ) n ∈ N ∈ R N : x n → 0 } (with the product topology of R N ) if and only if C p ( X ) contains a complemented subspace isomorphic to c 0 . The last statement provides a C p -version of the Cembranos theorem stating that the Banach space C ( K ) is not a Grothendieck space if and only if C ( K ) contains a complemented copy of the Banach space c 0 with the sup-norm topology. For a pseudocompact space X the space C p ( X ) has the JNP if and only if C p ( X ) has a complemented metrizable inﬁnite-dimensional subspace. An example of a compact space K without inﬁnite convergent sequences with C p ( K ) containing a complemented subspace isomorphic to c 0 is given.
Splitting and parameter dependence in the category of PLH spaces

We extend the splitting theory for PLS spaces and the corresponding parameter dependence problem to the context of hilbertizable spaces. In particular, we characterize for ﬁxed PLH spaces E and X , i.e. strongly reduced projective limits of inductive limits of Hilbert spaces, the splitting of each short exact sequence
On the cohomology of locally ﬁnite A # H C -modules

Let k be a ﬁeld, H a Hopf algebra with bijective antipode, A a left H -module algebra and C a left H -comodule algebra. The categories of C -locally ﬁnite C -modules and C -locally ﬁnite A # H C -modules are abelian with enough injectives. Assuming that there are algebra morphisms φ : H → C and (cid:3) C : C → k subjected to some conditions, we study the right derived functors of the associated Hom functors, and of the C -invariants functor. Then we derive spectral sequences that connect them. We also discuss when the C -invariants functor preserves injectives. In an appendix we establish some of these results in the category of C -locally ﬁnite Doi–Hopf modules.
Compliance of Iron Supplementation and Determinants among Adolescent Girls: A Systematic Review

Background: Iron deficiency anemia in children or women in pregnancy, is a public health problem in some countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has called on all countries to achieve a 5% reduction in anemia in women of childbearing age, including adolescent girls, by 2025. One of the programs is iron supplementation. The success depends on the adherence of adolescent girls to consume iron tablets. This systematic review aimed to find the level of compliance to iron supplementation consumption among adolescent girls and explore barriers and facilitator factors to such adherence. Methods: This article was a systematic review and conducted a multi-database search. The articles passed the PRISMA flow diagram process. The inclusion and exclusion rules decided the qualification of studies included. Of 1066 articles, we obtained 20 studies for the systematic review. Result: The lowest compliance found were 26.2% and 26.3%, and was high (>80%) in intervention studies involving supervision and monitoring and peer educator. All articles’ barrier and facilitator factors were classified into four categories; personal, social, environmental, and regimen. Conclusion: Efforts to improve adolescent compliance to take iron tablets should consider all of these factors.
Vibrations of Cross‐Stiffened and Sandwich Plates with Application to Underwater Sound Radiators

A simplified theory is presented for obtaining the frequencies, deflections, and stresses in cross stiffened and sandwich plates under dynamic loading. Formulas are derived giving the effect of the water on the natural frequency and the approximate Q of the plate. The application of resonant plates as underwater sound radiators is discussed, and procedures for designing such radiators are given.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for robustly oscillatory stability

The concept of robustly oscillatory stability for some uncertain systems is introduced in this paper. For some special uncertain systems, whose characteristic polynomial set can be seen as the interval polynomial family or diamond polynomial family, necessary and sufficient conditions are given based on the stability and/or oscillation properties of some special extreme point polynomials. A system implementation method using the complete discrimination system is provided to check the robustly oscillatory stability of such uncertain systems. The provided method is efficient in computation and can be easily realized by making use of the state-of-art symbol computation software such as MAPLE and MATLAB.
Constructing clickable criminal trials: framing trials and legal professionals in digital news reports

Journalistic live blogging entails the conundrum of capturing emotions in a context where they should be absent, snapping up the sensational in the subtle drama of the courtroom and presenting it in a way that attracts readers, thus making it clickable. Applying an inductive frame analysis of live blogs and drawing on criteria of newsworthiness and an emotion sociological framework, this article shows two frames of understanding criminal trials are constructed in live blogs: prosecutorial power and teamwork. These frames serve to construct and reconstruct understandings of criminal trials in Sweden. The frames are partially embedded in the legal sphere thereby reproducing the ideological underpinnings of unemotional rationality while concomitantly conveying a more contemporary understanding wherein reason and emotion are conflated. The study shows further that the media frame shapes how criminal trials are reported in live blogs leading to a somewhat distorted understanding of trials being conveyed. Legal professionals are made newsworthy by drawing on news values, particularly emotionalisation, which constitutes a crucial tool for the live blogging journalist.
Turbulent Diffusion from Sources in Complex Flows

The dispersion of matter and heat in turbulent flows is generally analyzed in different ways depending on whether the matter and heat are released from distributed sources, such as heat at the wall of a pipe, or whether (as in this review) they are released from a single source that is small compared with the scale of the flow. There are many examples of such types of dispersion in engineering fluid mechanics, such as the spreading of a flame in a highly turbulent engine flow, the dispersion of one or more species emitted from pipes into large chemical reactors, and the heat released from local overheating in nuclear reactor subassembly channels. There are also many examples where continuous or sudden sources of pollutant or heat are discharged into the atmosphere or into aqueous environments. Usually these discharges occur in complex flows with inhomogeneous turbulence, such as boundary layers over level surfaces, or in flows impinging on surfaces, such as hills in the atmosphere or underwater ridges in the oceans. The aim of this review is primarily to summarize the current ideas and theories about the basic mechanisms for dispersion from localized sources in complex turbulent flows. A brief consideration of the examples already given indicates some of the characteristic features of such flows: inhomogeneity and unsteadiness of the turbulence, the shear and the convergence and divergence of the mean flow, the non-Gaussianity of the turbulence, recirculation of the mean flow, and the presence of surfaces. In most practical dispersion problems, many of these effects occur simultaneously, but in the dispersion from small sources and in the vicinity
Tidal generation of internal waves from a periodic array of steep ridges

The generation of internal gravity waves by an oscillatory tidal flow over a periodic array of thin vertical walls is calculated analytically. For small values of the non-dimensional height $B=2\pi H\! N/L\omega$, the radiated power per wall is the same as for a single thin wall, and proportional to $B^2$, in agreement with the linear scaling. (Here $H$ is the wall height, $N$ the buoyancy frequency, $L$ the wall spacing, and $\omega$ the tidal frequency.) The radiated power is periodic in $B$ with period $2\pi$. It diverges logarithmically for $B=(1+2n)\pi$, and vanishes for $B=2n\pi$.
Comparison of the degradation characteristics of AlON/InGaAs and Al2O3/InGaAs stacks

In this paper, the degradation characteristics of MOS (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) stacks with Al2O3/AlON or Al2O3 only as dielectric layers on InGaAs were studied. The dielectric nitrides are proposed as possible passivation layers to prevent InGaAs oxidation. At negative bias, it has been found out that the main contribution to the overall degradation of the gate oxide is dominated by the generation of positive charge in the gate oxide. This effect is pronounced in MOS stacks with Al2O3/AlON as dielectric, where we think the positive charge is mainly generated in the AlON interlayer. At positive bias, the degradation is dominated by buildup of negative charge due to electron trapping in pre-existing or stress-induced traps. For stress biases where the leakage currents are low, the changes in the electrical characteristics are dominated by electron-trapping into traps located in energy levels in the upper part of the semiconductor gap. For stress biases with higher leakage current levels, the electron tra.
Arithmetic of double series

Introduction. Two theories of numerical functions have received much attention. The first has for basis the Cauchy multiplication of power series and is appropriately used in considering functions sensitive to additive properties of integers. The second theory is based on the multiplication of Dirichlet series and is applied to multiplicative functions. Both theories may be developed: without reference to the analysis of infinite series, and relations thus obtained between numerical functions remain valid when other functions are substituted for which the corresponding infinite series fails to converge, or even when the integer arguments of the numerical functions are replaced by suitably defined elements. Properties of integers other than additive and multiplicative can be studied by constructing the appropriate theory without regard to the corresponding infinite series? (if it exists). These other theories whose existence has been doubtedjl do have infinite series as we show in ? 16, and it is to the development of their common properties that this paper is devoted. The class of all these theories we call the arithmetic of double series. It is not, we repeat, a theory of infinite series, but rather a theory of composition of two numerical functions, each function being considered as a one-rowed matrix of its values. However we confine ourselves for simplicity to the infinite series aspect only. 1. The grouping function. Let us assume that the double series
An Overview of Criminal Justice System to Uphold the Supremacy of Law in a Sovereign State: An International Perspective

Human kind is an integral part of every society. The establishment of a civilized balanced society cannot be regarded as accurate until the profound existence of the supremacy of law. Prevailing law and order situations worldwide are not only damaging human existence. Still, they are also a threat to a highly unembellished nature for the mainstay promulgation of political, social, and economic norms. The gradual increase in abnormal crime ratio in developing and developed sovereign states is due to flaws in the existing criminal justice system. A strapping criminal justice system is a ray of hope for immediate social rehabilitation. These flaws are similar hurdles to ascertaining sustainable development goals. Establishing a balanced society with justified promulgation of human rights by remedying the communal demerits and adapting these existing flaws is a mandatory requirement of the era. This review will analyze the criminal justice system of developing and developed states and the impact of existing defects on the captioned states' social, economic, and political affairs. This study will descriptively analyze the possible measures to reform the existing criminal justice system to secure the ends of justice so that the ascertainment of sustainable development goals can be made possible.
Examining Heterogeneous Configurations of Socioemotional Wealth in Family Firms Through the Formalization of Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy

Family firms purportedly use different socioemotional wealth (SEW) reference points in choosing strategies, yet empirical research continues to use family involvement as a proxy for SEW. This study uses a configurational approach to examine how the multidimensionality of SEW may be used to explain the firm’s chosen strategy. We use psychometric measures of the various SEW dimensions proposed by Berrone et al. to explain the formalization of corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy as an example. We identify various SEW configurations to understand why family firms exhibit a preference for more formal or informal CSR strategies.
Skin cancer excisions and histopathology outcomes when following a contemporary population‐based cohort longitudinally with 3D total‐body photography

Abstract Background Skin cancer represents a significant health burden across the globe and early detection is critical to improve health outcomes. Three‐dimensional (3D) total‐body photography is a new and emerging technology which can support clinicians when they monitor people's skin over time. Objectives The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the epidemiology and natural history of melanocytic naevi in adults, and their relationship with melanoma and other skin cancers. Methods Mind Your Moles was a 3‐year prospective, population‐based cohort study which ran from December 2016 to February 2020. Participants visited the Princess Alexandra Hospital every 6 months for 3 years to undergo both a clinical skin examination and 3D total‐body photography. Results A total of 1213 skin screening imaging sessions were completed. Fifty‐six percent of participants (n = 108/193) received a referral to their own doctor for 250 lesions of concern, 101/108 (94%) for an excision/biopsy. Of those, 86 people (85%) visited their doctor and received an excision/biopsy for 138 lesions. Histopathology of these lesions found 39 non‐melanoma skin cancers (across 32 participants) and six in situ melanomas (across four participants). Conclusions 3D total‐body imaging results in diagnosis of a high number of keratinocyte cancers (KCs) and their precursors in the general population.
High-resolution optical tomography for 3-D radiation dosimetry with radiochromic gels

Modern radiotherapy methods require sophisticated treatment planning and radiation dose delivery routines, which in turn demand stringent quality assurance. This paper describes recent advances in three-dimensional optical computed tomography (OCT) readout for radiation dosimetry in which a tissue-equivalent radiochromic gels is used to achieve sub- millimetre spatial resolution for (512) 3 voxel arrays in readout times of about half an hour.
Characterization of adhesive content in post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottles and assessment of its impact on poly(ethylene terephthalate) recyclability

Although the consequences of adhesive residues from post-consumer Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) beverage bottles on the performance of recycled products are known, the quantitative effects of these adhesives are not well-stablished in the literature. Therefore, these residues were determined by gravimetry, and the adhesive content range from 200 to 2800 ppm in post-consumer PET bottles, depending on the drink filled. Through FTIR analysis, it was determined that the adhesives for bottles labelling are composed by poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA). Based on these results, recycled PET with 0, 200, 700, 1500 and 3000 ppm of hot-melt EVA were processed in an internal mixer connected to a torque rheometer at 265°C for 10 min. Tensile tests indicate that 200 ppm of adhesive reduced PET tensile strength by 15%. Furthermore, when about 1500 ppm of adhesive is present, PET mechanical properties are reduced by 50%. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to warn the PET bottle production chain to reduce adhesive content used in labelling so that it should not exceed 200 ppm, if a high quality recycled PET is desirable. Graphical Abstract
Turbulence Spectra and Eddy Diffusivity over Forests.

Abstract The main objectives of this observational study are to examine the stability dependence of velocity and air temperature spectra and to employ the spectral quantities to establish relations for eddy diffusivity over forests. The datasets chosen for the analysis were collected above the Browns River forest and the Camp Borden forest over a wide range of stability conditions. Under neutral and unstable conditions the nondimensional dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) over the forests is lower than that from its Monin-Obukhov similarity (MOS) function for the smooth-wall surface layer. The agreement is somewhat better under stable conditions but a large scatter is evident. When the frequency is made nondimensional by the height of the stand (h) and the longitudinal velocity at this height (uh, the Kaimal spectral model for neutral air describes the observations very well. The eddy diffusivity formulation K = c σ4w/ϵ provides a promising alternative to the MOS approach, where σw is the .
Point and Interval Estimation of Reliability for Multiple-Component Measuring Instruments via Linear Constraint Covariance Structure Modeling

A widely and readily applicable covariance structure modeling approach is outlined that allows point and interval estimation of scale reliability with fixed components. The procedure employs only linear constraints introduced in a congeneric model, which after reparameterization permit expression of composite reliability as a function of appropriate parameters. Unlike the popular Cronbach's coefficient alpha that already at the population level is generally a misestimator of scale reliability, this method is based on the formal definition of the reliability coefficient. The proposed approach is illustrated by means of a numerical example.