Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dual-Hop Amplify-and-Forward Variable Gain Relaying over Mixture Gamma Fading Channels

In this paper, we present the end-to-end performance of a dual-hop amplify-and-forward variablegain relaying system over Mixture Gamma distribution. Novel closed-form expressions for the probability density function and the moment-generation function of the end-to-end Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are derived. Moreover, the average symbol error rate, the average SNR and the average capacity are found based on the above new expressions, respectively. These expressions are more simple and accuracy than the previous ones obtained by using generalized-K (KG) distribution. Finally, numerical and simulation results are shown to verify the accuracy of the analytical results.
Local asymptotics of the ratio of orthogonal polynomials in the neighbourhood of an?end-point of the support of the orthogonality measure

A new method of studying the asymptotic behaviour of orthogonal polynomials in the neighbourhood of an end-point of the support of the orthogonality measure is put forward. The asymptotics in the neighbourhood of the end-point is found in terms of the asymptotics of the values of the polynomials at the point itself and the asymptotic behaviour of the coefficients of the recurrence relations. Applications of the result obtained are considered.
Comparative petrophysical characterization, BIB- SEM imaging and permeability models of tight carbonates: Case study Upper Jurassic (Malm ß), N Bavaria

18 Tight carbonate rocks are important potential although unconventional geothermal and hydrocarbon 19 underground storage reservoirs and prospective CO2-EGS sites. We study these rocks by using the 20 Upper Jurassic “Malm ß” in Southern Germany as an outcrop analog example to understand bulk 21 properties in relation to microstructure and to test a variety of models for permeability prediction. Bulk 22 petrophysical methods (Archimedes isopropanol immersion method, Helium pycnometry, mercury 23 2 injection capillary pressure, gamma density core logging, gas permeability measurements) combined 24 with microstructural investigations (BIB-SEM) are applied. Samples are macroscopically undeformed 25 limestones collected from a tectonically overprinted quarry wall near the town of Simmelsdorf (38 km 26 NE of Nürnberg city). Bulk porosities are below 5% and argon permeabilities are on average 1.4E-17m. 27 The presence of stylolites in some of the samples has neither a significant effect on porosity nor 28 permeability. Pore sizes are in the submicron range and the diagenetically lithified stiff limestones are 29 characterized by a relatively high Young’s Modulus averaging 73±5 MPa. Moreover, no trends in 30 properties were observable towards the faults, indicating that faulting was post-diagenetic and that the 31 matrix permeabilities were too low for intensive post-diagenetic fluid-rock interaction. Petrophysical 32 properties are very close to those measured in stratigraphic equivalent rocks of the South German 33 Molasse Basin, illustrating the widespread homogeneity of these rocks and justifying the quarry scale 34 (500 x 580 m) as a reasonable reservoir analog for these rocks in the subsurface. The application of 35 various permeability prediction models showed that the Capillary Tube model and the Saki Model are 36 very well suited for predicting permeabilities from BIB-SEM and mercury injection capillary pressure 37 results, respectively. We thereby found that the matrix permeability is primarily controlled by the pore 38 throat diameters rather than the effective porosity. 39
An accreting black hole model for sagittarius A

Several observations, notably of broad He I, Br-alpha, and Br-gamma emission lines from the vicinity of IRS 16, indicate the presence of a strong circumnuclear wind near the dynamical center of the Galaxy. Sgr A, a hypothesized supermassive object situated about 0.06 pc to the west of IRS 16, should be accreting from this wind if it is not itself a source of gaseous outflow, for which there is currently no observational evidence. Here, the spectrum and flux of radiation resulting from this process are calculated, and it is shown that they are consistent with the data over at least 12 decades of frequency. Together with the kinematic studies of the stellar and gas distributions in this region, the model argues strongly in favor of Sgr A being a black hole with mass over a million solar masses.
Probing the electrical transport properties of intrinsic InN nanowires

We have studied the electrical transport properties of intrinsic InN nanowires using an electrical nanoprobing technique in a scanning electron microscope environment. It is found that such intrinsic InN nanowires exhibit an ohmic conduction at low bias and a space charge limited conduction at high bias. It is further derived that such InN nanowires can exhibit a free carrier concentration as low as ∼1013 cm−3 and possess a very large electron mobility in the range of 8000–12 000 cm2/V s, approaching the theoretically predicted maximum electron mobility at room temperature. In addition, charge traps are found to distribute exponentially just below the conduction band edge, with a characteristic energy ∼65 meV.
The de Vaucouleurs Atlas of Galaxies

211 Most amateur astronomers with an interest in galaxies will be familiar with the Hubble tuning-fork shaped classification system linking elliptical, normal spiral and barred spiral galaxies. This system, first described by Edwin Hubble in 1926, and expanded by him in his 1936 book The realm of the Nebulae, was the first serious attempt at defining an evolutionary sequence for galaxies. Hubble continued to work on galaxy classification until his death in 1953, and his modifications were incorporated by his one-time student assistant Allan Sandage in The Hubble Atlas of Galaxies published in 1961. Gérard de Vaucouleurs’ interest in galaxy classification began in the 1950s, when he tried to fit southern hemisphere galaxies that he had been observing from Australia into the Hubble sequence. He experienced problems at the junction of the tuning-fork prongs (S0 galaxies), something that had also given Hubble concern in his later life. Discussions with Sandage eventually led to de Vaucouleurs developing his own revision of the Hubble system. Almost inevitably his system was more complicated than Hubble’s simple sequence, and used a 3-dimensional diagram to create what was called a classification volume. The long axis contained the main classes of galaxies while a cross-section at each class described families within that class. The de Vaucouleurs classification system was published in 1959 with only a few illustrations, and the present atlas is the first time that the system has been adequately illustrated. In fact the present authors have slightly modified de Vaucouleurs’ system to take account of modern developments and findings. This is a substantial and very well produced hardback book, comprehensively illustrated with over 500 black and white galaxy images − the vast majority being modern digital images. In addition to the classification images, the book also describes both the Hubble and the de Vaucouleurs systems in detail. There is a comprehensive index, a listing of all the galaxy images, several pages of references and a brief biography of de Vaucouleurs. The authors are all well known professional astronomers and one of them (Stephen Odewahn) was a former Ph.D student of de Vaucouleurs at the University of Texas. With a new book of this size and complexity it would be unusual if there were not some errors in the data. Luckily there is a dedicated web site at http://bama.ua. edu/ ~rbuta/devatlas/ which contains a regularly updated list of errata. Most errors are minor, but a more substantial one concerns an The de Vaucouleurs atlas of galaxies
Fowler‐Nordheim electron tunneling in thin Si‐SiO2‐Al structures

The Fowler‐Nordheim tunneling of electrons from <100≳‐oriented Si into thermally grown SiO2 has been studied. The effects of the Si band structure and the accumulation layer have been carefully considered. Classical image barrier lowering has also been analyzed. The agreement between the theory and the experimental results is excellent over a large range of tunneling current. The study enables a consistent treatment of various tunneling problems where a more simplified analysis is not adequate.
Large eddy simulations of the flow past two side-by-side circular cylinders

A LES Large Eddy Simulation is performed to study the flow past two side-by-side circular cylinders at a Reynolds number of 5800, based on the free-stream velocity and the cylinders diameter. The centre-to-centre transverse pitch ratio T/D is varied from 1.5 to 3. Both cylinders are slightly heated and the small amount of heat can be treated as a passive scalar. The numerical simulations are in good agreement with experimental observations.
Time-resolved study of amplitude modulation effects in surface-wave atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet

The effects of amplitude modulation (AM) on an atmospheric pressure microwave argon jet is investigated using time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy, passive acoustic diagnostic and digital camera imaging. These techniques show significant changes of the effluent plasma properties with varying AM frequency. Operation in AM mode can enhance the plasma jet length or width over continuous-wave mode with the same mean power, which could be advantageous in many practical applications of plasma jets.
A functional central limit theorem for the Ewens sampling formula

For each n > 0, the Ewens sampling formula from population genetics is a measure on the set of all partitions of the integer n. To determine the limiting distributions for the part sizes of a partition with respect to the measures given by this formula, we associate to each partition a step function on [0, 1]. Each jump in the function equals the number of parts in the partition of a certain size. We normalize these functions and show that the induced measures on D[0, 1] converge to Wiener measure. This result complements Kingman's frequency limit theorem [10] for the Ewens partition structure.
Reproducing properties of differentiable Mercer‐like kernels

Let X be an open subset of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {R}^d$\end{document} and ν the restriction of the usual Lebesgue measure of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbb {R}^d$\end{document} to X. In this paper, we investigate properties of the range of positive integral operators on L2(X, ν), in connection with the reproducing kernel Hilbert space of the generating kernel. Assuming differentiability assumptions on the kernel, we deduce smoothness properties for the functions in the range of the operator and also properties of the so‐called inclusion map. The results are deduced when the assumptions are defined via both, weak and partial derivatives. Further, assuming the generating kernel has a Mercer‐like expansion based on sufficiently smooth functions, we deduce results on the term‐by‐term differentiability of the series and reproducing properties for the derivatives of the functions in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space.
Evaluation of CALIPSO aerosol optical depth using AERONET and MODIS data over China

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) were inter-compared and validated against ground-based measurements from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) as well as Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) over China during June 2006 to December 2012. We have compared the AOD between CALIOP and AERONET site by site using quality control flags to screen the AOD data. In general, CALIOP AOD is lower than AERONET due to cloud effect detected algorithm and retrieval uncertanty. Better agreement is apparent for these sites: XiangHe, Beijing, Xinglong, and SACOL. Low correlations were observed between CALIPSO and ground-based sunphotometer data in in south or east China. Comparison results show that the overall spatio-temporal distribution of CALIPSO AOD and MODIS AOD are basically consistent. As for the spatial distribution, both of the data show several high-value regions and low-value regions in China. CALIPSO is systematically lower than MODIS over China, especially over high AOD value regions for all seasons. As for the temporal variation, both data show a significant seasonal variation: AOD is largest in spring, then less in summer, and smallest in winter and autumn. Statistical frequency analysis show that CALIPSO AOD and MODIS AOD was separated at the cut-off points around 0.2 and 0.8, the frequency distribution curves were almost the same with AOD between 0.2 and 0.8, while AOD was smaller than 0.4, CALIPSO AOD gathered at the low-value region (0-0.2) and the frequency of MODIS AOD was higher than CALIPSO AOD with AOD greater than 0.8. CALIOP AOD values show good correlation with MODIS AOD for all time scales, particularly for yearly AOD with higher correlation coefficient of 0.691. Seasonal scatterplot comparisons suggest the highest correlation coefficient of 0.749 in autumn, followed by winter of 0.665, summer of 0.566, and spring of 0.442. Evaluation of CALIOP AOD retrievals provides prospect application for CALIPSO data.
DEEP ACCEPTORS TRAPPED AT THREADING-EDGE DISLOCATIONS IN GAN

Local-density-functional methods are used to examine the behavior of the oxygen defect, gallium vacancy, and related defect complexes trapped at threading-edge dislocations in GaN. These defects are found to be particularly stable at the core of the dislocation where oxygen sits twofold coordinated in a bridge position. ${V}_{\mathrm{Ga}}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{N}}$ is found to be a deep double acceptor, ${V}_{\mathrm{Ga}}\ensuremath{-}({\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{N}}{)}_{2}$ is a deep single acceptor, and ${V}_{\mathrm{Ga}}\ensuremath{-}({\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{N}}{)}_{3}$ at the dislocation core is electrically inactive. We suggest that the first two defects are responsible for a deep acceptor level associated with the midgap yellow luminescence band.
Analysing the quality of Association Rules by Computing an Interestingness Measures

Objective: Association rule mining is one of the data mining process for discovering frequent item set between transaction databases. The main objective of this research work is statistically analyses the quality rules in the apriori algorithm of association rule mining. Methods: An Interestingness measures is a subset of statistical method and it can give the solution for splitting interesting rules within huge association rules. Currently, it has shown around hundred and above measures. Specifically, this study is to concentrate on eight measures such as lift, chi-square, hyper-lift, hyper-confidence, conviction, coverage, leverage and cosine. In this analysis is performed in two places of real databases whereas Agriculture and Medical domain. Findings: At the experimental results, the proposed system is rectified that the problem many interesting rules are eliminated in satisfying the threshold value of support and confidence. Therefore, the user do not confirm that the strength of interest rules may be least by setting the low threshold value. The comparison and correlation measures also obtained along with the interesting rules. There are some measures outperformed than other and thus measures can mostly correlate with the order lift, chi-squared, hyper-lift, hyper-confidence and conviction. The performance of this work is consistently checking in difference size of transaction databases in addition to we identify the unresolved problem of apriori algorithm. Conclusion: Finally, this research concludes that statistical interestingness measures are really helpful for finding interesting rules among large association rules.
Review of the properties of the 0νβ−β− nuclear matrix elements

In this work we investigate general properties of the nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) related to the neutrinoless double ? decays (0? decays) of several nuclei of interest for double-beta-decay experiments. A summary of the values of the NMEs calculated along the years by the Jyv? skyl? La Plata collaboration is given. These NMEs are compared with those of the other available calculations and general conclusions are drawn based on these comparisons.
Interparental and Intergenerational Co-parenting Conflict and Adolescent Academic Performance: The Mediating Roles of Adolescent Academic Engagement and Depression

While a link between co-parenting conflict and academic performance is frequently assumed, studies on this association have shown inconsistent results. In addition, academic engagement and depression can potentially mediate the association between co-parenting conflict and academic performance. However, studies have not tested this proposition. This paper examined the direct effect of co-parenting conflict on adolescent academic performance and the mediating effect of academic engagement and depression. Using data from a nationally representative survey, the 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we constructed a sample of 1989 dyads of adolescents (aged 10 to 15) and their primary caregivers in China. The structural equation model analysis revealed that co-parenting conflict was not directly linked with academic performance but was indirectly associated with adolescent academic performance through academic engagement and depression. The findings provide empirical support that academic engagement and depression play important mediating roles in the relationship between co-parenting conflict and adolescent academic performance. Future intervention programs aimed at promoting adolescent academic performance may consider a family-oriented approach to identify adolescents from families with co-parenting conflict and provide them with professional support.
The Boron Abundance of the Orion G-Dwarf Member BD –05°1317

The boron abundance is derived for the young Orion solar-type member BD -05°1317 from Hubble Space Telescope Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph spectra of the B I resonance lines near 2497 Å. The abundance of log ϵ(B) = 2.1 ± 0.2 is ~0.6-0.7 dex below solar. As this young pre-main-sequence star has an undepleted lithium abundance, such a low boron abundance in a near-solar metallicity star is unexpected. No simple explanation apparently accounts for the low boron abundance observed for this star. A comparison of the boron and oxygen abundances in BD -05°1317 with those of other near-solar metallicity disk stars suggests that there might be a large scatter (~0.8 dex) in the boron abundance at a given oxygen abundance. Such a scatter also has been reported in the literature for beryllium at a given metallicity.
Feynman path integral inspired computational methods for nonlinear filtering

The fundamental solution for the continuous-time filtering problems can be expressed in terms of Feynman path integrals. This enables one to view the solution of filtering problem in terms of an effective action that is a function of the signal and measurement models. The practical utility of the path integral formula is demonstrated via some nontrivial examples. Specifically, it is shown that the simplest approximation of the path integral formula for the fundamental solution of the Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov forward equation (termed the Dirac-Feynman approximation) can be applied to solve nonlinear continuous-discrete filtering problems quite accurately using sparse grid filtering and Monte-Carlo approaches.
Pure-state informationally complete and "really" complete measurements (3 pages)

I construct a positive-operator-valued measure (POVM) which has 2d rank-1 elements and which is informationally complete for generic pure states in d dimensions, thus confirming a conjecture made by Flammia, Silberfarb, and Caves (e-print quant-ph/0404137). I show that if a rank-1 POVM is required to be informationally complete for all pure states in d dimensions, it must have at least 3d-2 elements. I also show that, in a POVM which is informationally complete for all pure states in d dimensions, for any vector there must be at least 2d-1 POVM elements which do not annihilate that vector.
On generating initial conditions for turbulence models: the case of Rayleigh–Taylor instability turbulent mixing

A new approach to generate initial conditions for RANS simulations of Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) turbulence is presented. The strategy is to provide profiles of turbulent model variables when it is suitable for the turbulence model to be started, and then use these profiles for the turbulence model initialization. The generation of turbulence model variable profiles is achieved with a two-step process. In the first step, a nonlinear modal model assuming small amplitude initial perturbations, incompressible and inviscid fluids is used to track the growth of modes that exist in a given initial perturbation spectrum, and also modes generated by mode interactions. The amplitude development of each mode represents the penetration distance of the light fluid into the heavy fluid (bubble penetration), for a given mode perturbation. The penetration distance of heavy fluid into the light fluid (spike penetration), for a given mode perturbation, is inferred from the bubble's height by an empirical relation valid for small initial amplitudes, and established by DNS simulations that depend on a nondimensional time, and the density contrast (Atwood number). It is hypothesized that the bubble front position of the RT mixing layer can be approximated by the largest penetration distance among all existing modes. The spike front position is approximated in the same fashion. The nonlinear model is evaluated by comparing the bubble front height evolution predicted by the model against the bubble front height predicted by an incompressible implicit large eddy simulations (ILES) code. Comparisons of results for “top-hat” and two-band initial perturbation spectra at Atwood numbers, AT =0.3 and AT =0.5 for the former, and AT =0.01 and AT =0.5 for the latter, show reasonable agreement. In the second step, the bubble and spike front positions, their derived velocities, and simplified profiles of the mixture fraction distribution of each fluid between the bubble and spike fronts are used with a two-fluid approximation to derive profiles for the turbulence model variables. When initialized with modal model profiles at start time τ0, (i.e., the time when the turbulence model variable profiles are inferred from the modal model results), the RANS simulations provide at all times τ>τ0 profiles that show good agreement with ILES simulations. The procedure for determining the time at which the RANS model should be started is a representative use, other parameters can be used depending on the application. In this paper, for the purpose of demonstration of the full strategy, τ0 is taken as the time at which the mixing layer growth rate parameter α has reached its asymptotic value in the corresponding ILES simulation.
Detection and amendment of shape distortions based on moment invariants for active shape models

The active shape model (ASM) is an ever-increasingly important method for object modelling, shape recognition and target localisation. During the process of shape fitting, however, distortions and displacements often occur when the target is not clear or with defects, and there is a lack of effective amendment strategies in ASM. In this study, inspired by physics, the boundary moment invariants are employed to resolve this difficulty. Moment invariants have been introduced into ASM for the first time for distortion detection and shape amendment. Using the proposed strategy, distortions are effectively avoided and the accuracy of the fitting result is obviously increased with a little extra time. Finally, the results of the authors' practical implementation prove its satisfactory work.