Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial Tl2CaBa2Cu2O8 thin films with low 9.6 GHz surface resistance at high power and above 77 K

We report measurements of the dc and microwave properties of epitaxial thin films of Tl2CaBa2Cu2O8 on LaAlO3. ac magnetic susceptibility measurements yield critical temperatures at the transition midpoint Tc∼100 K and 10–90% transition widths of ∼1.0 K. We observed a critical current density of 1.06×106 A/cm2 at 77 K measured by dc transport. We measured a low‐power surface resistance of Rs=0.2 mΩ at 9.55 GHz and 77 K. This is ∼50 times lower than oxygen‐free high‐conductivity (OFHC) Cu at the same frequency and temperature. At 90 K, RS rises to 0.4 mΩ, and at 95 K, RS=0.7 mΩ. We measured the microwave power dependence of RS at 77, 90, and 95 K. At high microwave field (≳30 G, 77 K) Rs=0.8 mΩ, more than ten times lower than OFHC Cu.
Extremely long carrier lifetime over 200 ns in GaAs wall-inserted type II InAs quantum dots

To realize highly efficient intermediate-band (IB) solar cells, long lifetime of photo-generated carriers in the IB is essential. For this purpose, we propose a concept for IB absorbers using GaAs wall-inserted type II InAs quantum-dots (QDs), in which electrons at the IB of the InAs QDs and holes in the valence band of the GaAsSb layers are farther separated compared to those in conventional type II QDs. We fabricated InAs/GaAs/GaAs0.82Sb0. 18 type II QDs and performed time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. The obtained lifetime was as long as 220 ns for electrons at the IB.
Improper Solutions in Structural Equation Models

In this article, the authors examine the most common type of improper solutions: zero or negative error variances. They address the causes of, consequences of, and strategies to handle these issues. Several hypotheses are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation models, including two structural equation models with several misspecifications of each model. Results suggested several unique findings. First, increasing numbers of omitted paths in the measurement model were associated with decreasing numbers of improper solutions. Second, bias in the parameter estimates was higher in samples with improper solutions than in samples including only proper solutions. Third, investigations of the consequences of using constrained estimates in the presence of improper solutions indicated that inequality constraints helped some samples achieve convergence. Finally, the use of confidence intervals as well as four other proposed tests yielded similar results when testing whether the error variance was greater than or equal to zero.
Wavelets in wandering subspaces

Mallat's construction, via a multiresolution approximation, of orthonormal wavelets generated by a single function is extended to wavelets generated by a finite set of functions. The connection between multiresolution approximation and the concept of wandering subspaces of unitary operators in Hilbert space is exploited in the general setting. An example of multiresolution approximation generated by cardinal Hermite B-splines is constructed
Derivative Estimation from Marginally Sampled Vector Point Functions

Abstract Several aspects of the problem of estimating derivatives from an irregular, discrete sample of vector observations are considered. It is shown that one must properly account for transformations from one vector representation to another. if one is to preserve the original properties of a vector point function during such a transformation (e.g., from u and v wind components to speed and direction). A simple technique for calculating the linear kinematic properties of a vector point function (translation, cud, divergence, and deformation) is derived for any noncolinear triad of points. This technique is equivalent to a calculation done using line integrals, but is much more efficient. It is shown that estimating derivatives by mapping the vector components onto a grid and taking finite differences is not equivalent to estimating the derivatives and mapping those estimates onto a grid, whenever the original observations are taken on a discrete, irregular network. This problem is particularly importan.
Eulerian network modeling of longitudinal dispersion

A novel Eulerian network model that incorporates “shear dispersion,” the stretching of solute due to nonuniform velocity profiles within pore throats is developed. The superposing transport method (STM) is nonlocal in time (i.e., uses information from several previous time steps) and is equivalent to performing network‐wide time convolutions of elementary throat response functions. Predicted macroscopic longitudinal dispersion coefficients for disordered sphere packs are in good agreement with published experimental data. We further investigate the impact of mixing assumptions within pores on macroscopic longitudinal dispersion and find the dependence to be weak for disordered sphere packs. Limitations of Eulerian network models as a whole are also discussed, and their inappropriateness for ordered porous media concluded.
Mesoscale Signatures within the Tropics Generated by Physical Initialization

Abstract This paper presents some recent results on physical initialization from the use of a very high resolution global model. Fundamentally this procedure improves the model-based initial rainfall, surface fluxes, and diagnostic cloud amount. Physical initialization is a useful procedure for the nowcasting of rainfall. Correlation between model-based initialized rain and satellite/rain gauge-based rain over the Tropics (for 6-h averages and averaged over transform grid squares) is of the order 0.85. This compares with a correlation of around 0.3 for models that do not include physical initialization. The day 1 tropical rainfall forecast skill is also relatively high for the physically initialized experiments; the correlation is of the order 0.55. It should be noted that the lifetime of mesoconvective systems is approximately 1 day, whereas more organized tropical disturbances may last substantially longer. A major portion of the tropical rainfall is associated with these short-lived systems, hence the .
Gravitationally Lensed yet Morphologically Regular Images in Clusters of Galaxies as Astronomical Tools

We investigate the possibility of observing a new type of gravitational lensing event by clusters of galaxies. The lensed images in such event will be undistorted yet highly magnified. We propose to use a single image of such an event as a test for the cosmological parameters, in particular, the cosmological constant.
Electromagnetic dyadic Green's function in cylindrically multilayered media

A spectral-domain dyadic Green's function for electromagnetic fields in cylindrically multilayered media with circular cross section is derived in terms of matrices of the cylindrical vector wave functions. Some useful concepts, such as the effective plane wave reflection and transmission coefficients, are extended in the present spectral domain eigenfunction expansion. The coupling coefficient matrices of the scattering dyadic Green's functions are given by applying the principle of scattering superposition. The general solution has been applied to the case of axial symmetry (n=0, n is eigenvalue parameter in /spl phi/ direction) where the scattering coefficients are decoupled between TM and TE waves. Two specific geometries, i.e., two- and three-layered media that are frequently employed to model the practical problems are considered in detail, and the coupling coefficient matrices of their dyadic Green's functions are given, respectively.
Safety and outcomes of pre-operative portal vein embolization using N-butyl cyanoacrylate (Glue) in hepatobiliary malignancies: A single center retrospective analysis

Abstract Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) using N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for change in future liver remnant (FLR) volume, biochemical changes, and procedure-related complications. The factors affecting FLR hypertrophy and the rate of resection was also evaluated for this cohort. Materials and Methods: From 2012 to 2017, PVE utilizing NBCA mixed with lipiodol (1:4) was performed using percutaneous approach in 28 patients with hepatobiliary malignancies with low FLR. All patients underwent volumetric computed tomography (CT) assessment before and at 3–5 weeks after PVE and total liver volume (TLV), FLR volume, and FLR/TLV ratio, changes in portal vein diameter and factors affecting FLR were evaluated. Complications and the resectability rate were recorded and analyzed. Result: PVE was successful in all 28 patients. The mean FLR increased by 52% ± 32% after PVE (P < 0.0001). The FLR/TLV ratio was increased by 14.2% ± 2.8% (P < 0.001). Two major complications were encountered without any impact on surgery. There was no significant change seen in liver function test and complete blood counts after PVE. Eighteen patients (64.28%) underwent hepatic resection without any liver failure, and only three patients developed major complication after surgery. Remaining ten patients did not undergo surgery because of extrahepatic metastasis detected either on follow-up imaging or staging laparotomy. Patients with diabetes showed a lower rate of hypertrophy (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Preoperative PVE with NBCA is safe and effective for increasing FLR volume in patients of all age group and even in patients with an underlying liver parenchymal disease with hepatobiliary malignancy. Lesser hypertrophy was noted in patients with diabetes. A reasonable resectability was achieved despite having a high rejection in gall bladder cancer subgroup due to rapid disease progression.
Simulations of land-surface air temperature and land precipitation in the twentieth century by the MJ98 AGCM.

Reproducibility of land-surface air temperatures and land precipitation in the twentieth century by an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) MJ98 was investigated focusing on long term trends and year-to-year variability. The MJ98 model was jointly developed by the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), and has a 270-km horizontal grid spacing (T42) with 30 vertical levels. Forcing the MJ98 model with observed historical sea surface temperatures (SST) and observed historical CO2 concentrations, six-member ensemble integrations were conducted for 130 years from 1872 to 2001. Simulated land-surface air temperature and land precipitation were validated against observational data of the Climate Research Unit (CRU) from 1872 to 2001 and from 1951 to 1997, respectively.The model reproduces the observed positive trend of annual mean global average land-surface air temperature as well as decadal variability and year-to-year variability. The model simulates the observed positive trend of global average land-surface air temperature for all four seasons and the annual mean, though the magnitude is underestimated. The seasonality of the simulated trend is weak compared with that of the observation. At each grid point, the model generally reproduces positive trends of annual mean temperature over land. However, the simulated trends are underestimated especially over the middle and higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, which can be partly attributed to the inability of model to simulate the increasing boreal wintertime trend of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) over the last few decades. The model's ability to reproduce the year-to-year variability of the annual mean temperature is relatively higher in coastal regions than in inland regions.In the case of annual mean land precipitation, the model simulates the observed negative trend for the global average, its negative trend for the Northern Hemisphere, and its positive trend for the Southern Hemisphere, although these observed trends are not statistically significant. The model fails to reproduce year-to-year variability. The model generally reproduces the distribution of trend of global annual mean land precipitation, but large discrepancies between observation and simulation are found over Asia, Australia and southern Africa.
Light Propagation in Singly and Doubly Periodic Planar Waveguides

Abstract Light propagation in singly and doubly periodic planar waveguides is investigated with respect to future applications in integrated optics. The waveguides used in our experiments reveal, in the vicinity of Bragg reflection, a strong difference between the directions of phase and group velocities, the beam steering. A clear graphical representation of the observable propagation effects is given in wave-vector diagrams, showing the directional dispersion of the elementary waves in periodic structures, the Floquet-Bloch waves. The dispersion phenomena were measured with high accuracy, using selective wave excitation. In conjunction with straight tapered transitions to smooth planar waveguides, the periodic structures show a great variety of strong frequency and direction-dependent effects such as lateral beam shifting and focusing with a frequency-variant focal length. Ray optics of Floquet-Bloch waves is used to describe these phenomena. Complex interference patterns observable in the vicinity of B.
Birefringence controlled room-temperature picosecond spin dynamics close to the threshold of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser devices

We analyze the spin-induced circular polarization dynamics at the threshold of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers at room-temperature using a hybrid excitation combining electrically pumping without spin preference and spin-polarized optical injection. After a short pulse of spin-polarized excitation, fast oscillations of the circular polarization degree (CPD) are observed within the relaxation oscillations. A theoretical investigation of this behavior on the basis of a rate equation model shows that these fast oscillations of CPD could be suppressed by means of a reduction of the birefringence of the laser cavity.
Reducing Dispersion of Linear Triangular Elements for the Helmholtz Equation

The Galerkin/least squares (GLS) modification improves the performance of finite-element computations of time-harmonic acoustics at high wave numbers. The design of the GLS resolution-dependent method parameter for two-dimensional computation in previous work was based on dispersion analysis of one-dimensional and square bilinear elements. We analyze the dispersion of linear triangular finite elements, and define method parameters that eliminate dispersion on a hexagonal patch. Numerical tests compare the performance of the proposed method with established techniques on structured and unstructured triangular meshes. Based on this work, we propose a method parameter that may be used for computation with both linear triangular and bilinear quadrilateral elements.
Free-surface cusps associated with flow at low Reynolds number

When two cylinders are counter-rotated at low Reynolds number about parallel horizontal axes below the free surface of a viscous fluid, the rotation being such as to induce convergence of the flow on the free surface, then above a certain critical angular velocity Ωc, the free surface dips downwards and a cusp forms. This paper provides an analysis of the flow in the neighbourhood of the cusp, via an idealized problem which is solved completely: the cylinders are represented by a vortex dipole and the solution is obtained by complex variable techniques. Surface tension effects are included, but gravity is neglected. The solution is analytic for finite capillary number [Cscr ], but the radius of curvature on the line of symmetry on the free surface is proportional to exp (−32π[Cscr ]) and is extremely small for [Cscr ] [gsim ] 0.25, implying (in a real fluid) the formation of a cusp. The equation of the free surface is cubic in (x, y) with coefficients depending on [Cscr ], and with a cusp singularity when [Cscr ] = ∞. The influence of gravity is considered through a stability analysis of the free surface subjected to converging uniform strain, and a necessary condition for the development of a finite-amplitude disturbance of the free surface is obtained. An experiment was carried out using the counter-rotating cylinders as described above, over a range of capillary numbers from zero to 60; the resulting photographs of a cross-section of the free surface are shown in figure 13. For Ω < Ωc, a rounded crest forms in the neighbourhood of the central line of symmetry; for Ω > Ωc, the downward-pointing cusp forms, and its structure shows good agreement with the foregoing theory.
Subclasses of biholomorphic mappings associated with g-Loewner chains on the unit ball in ℂn

In this article, we use the method of Loewner chains to generate certain subclasses of normalized biholomorphic mappings on the Euclidean unit ball in , which have interesting geometric characterizations. To this end, we obtain the characterization of g-starlike and g-spirallike mappings of type , as well as of g-almost starlike mappings of order , by using g-Loewner chains. Also, we will use these results to prove that, under certain assumptions, the mapping , , is g-starlike, g-spirallike of type and g-almost starlike of order on , where is a holomorphic function such that . More generally, we consider conditions under which F has g-parametric representation on . Various applications of these results are also provided.
A Comparison of Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Expected a Posteriori Estimation in CAT Using the Partial Credit Model

A simulation study was conducted to investigate the application of expected a posteriori (EAP) trait estimation in computerized adaptive tests (CAT) based on the partial credit model and compare it with maximum likelihood trait estimation (MLE). The performance of EAP was evaluated under different conditions: the number of quadrature points (10, 20,40, and 80) and the type of prior distribution (normal and uniform). The relative performance of MLE and the EAP estimation methods was assessed under two distributional forms of the latent trait (normal and negatively skewed). Results showed that, regardless of the latent trait distribution, MLE and EAP with a normal prior or a uniform prior using either 20, 40, or 80 quadrature points provided relatively accurate estimation in CAT based on the partial credit model. Also, increasing the number of quadrature points from 20 to 80 did not increase the accuracy of EAP estimation.
Radical cystectomy and W-shaped ileal orthotopic neobladder reconstruction with serosa-lined tunneled ureteroileal anastomoses: A critical analysis of the short-term voiding patterns and urodynamic and functional outcomes

Introduction: We present the short-term voiding patterns and functional and urodynamic outcomes of W-shaped ileal orthotopic neobladder (ONB) following radical cystectomy (RC). Materials and Methods: Forty-one patients who underwent RC and W-shaped ONB creation between July 2015 and January 2018 were enrolled. Data were analyzed in terms of voiding patterns, urodynamic findings, and functional outcomes at 6 months after surgery. Pouch-related quality of life (QoL) was assessed using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Generic (QLQ C30), Bladder Cancer-Specific Instruments (QLQ BM30), and IONB–Patient-Reported Outcome (IONB-PRO). Results: The mean length of follow-up was 19.4 months. At first follow-up, three patients had developed acidosis and rising serum creatinine, and one of them required temporary hemodialysis. One patient developed urethral-pouch anastomotic stricture, which required bladder neck incision. Balloon dilatation was performed for ureteroileal anastomotic stricture and mesh repair for incisional hernia was required in one patient each. Upper tract changes were observed in two patients. During the first and second follow-up, maximum flow rate, voided volume, and postvoid residual urine were 12 ± 4.7 mL/s, 212 ± 120 mL, and 72 + 81 mL and 14.7 ± 5.3 mL/s, 254 ± 168 mL, and 123.7 ± 42.5 mL, respectively. The mean pouch capacity and compliance were 436 ± 103.5 mL and 50.6 ± 17.8 mL/cm H2O. No patient required clean intermittent catheterization for bladder emptying. In EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire, the “Cognitive” domain had the highest and “global QoL” domain had the lowest level of functional scores. “Nausea and vomiting and abdominal bloating and flatulence” domain had the lowest level and “financial difficulties and urinary symptoms” had the highest level of symptomatology in EORTC QLQ questionnaire. The IONB-PRO questionnaire showed the highest level of functioning in “relation life” and the lowest level in “emotional life” domain. Conclusion: The Ghoneim pouch has a low complication rate with near-normal voiding patterns with an acceptable QoL impairment.
Oscillatory instabilities in the Rayleigh-Bénard problem with a free surface

The linear stability theory of the Rayleigh–Benard problem when the fluid is bounded above by a free deformable surface is studied numerically. When the free surface is thermally insulated and the lower surface is isothermic the marginal curve for the onset of oscillatory convection lies below the marginal curve for the exchange of stabilities.
Lithium in old open clusters: NGC 188

Echelle spectra which include the Li I line at 6707 A are reported for seven main-sequence stars and one subgiant in NGC 188. The Li I line is detected in five of the six dwarfs which are highly probable cluster members. The derived atmospheric Li/H ratios exceed the solar value by factors ranging approximately from 10 to 40, although these apparently closely solarlike stars are about twice as old as the sun. The variation of the lithium abundance with stellar mass along the main sequences of the Pleiades, the Hyades, NGC 752, and NGC 188 are compared. The resulting evolutionary pattern indicates that the lithium fraction in the Galactic gas has shown no appreciable change from Li/H of roughly 10 to the -9th since the birth of NGC 188 about 10 Gyr ago, except that the abundance could have been higher by an uncertain but possibly appreciable factor at the beginning of that epoch. 51 references.
Elements of psychophysical theory

PART I: BACKGROUND 1. Ordinal Measurement 2. Extensive Measurement 3. Functional Equations PART II: THEORY 4. Fechner's Problem 5. Models of Discrimination 6. Psychometric Functions 7. Further Topics on Psychometric Functions 8. Weber Functions - Weber's Law 9. Psychophysical Methods 10. Signal Detection Theory 11. Psychophysics with Several Variables or Channels 12. Homogenity Laws 13. Scaling 14. Meaningful Psychophysical Laws
The Io mass‐loading disk: Constraints provided by ion cyclotron wave observations

Galileo measurements on the first two encounters with Io have revealed that ion cyclotron waves associated with SO2+ and SO+ can extend to at least 20 Io radii (RIo) on the anti-Jupiter side of Io but to only ∼7 RIo on the Jupiter facing side. In the flow direction the waves extend downstream at least 10 RIo, but not upstream of Io. Earlier Voyager observations, 11 RIo below Io, also show no evidence for the generation of ion cyclotron waves. Quite unlike expectations from growth rate calculations in a uniform infinite plasma, the waves are frequently found to be propagating at an oblique angle to the magnetic field. The absence of waves upstream of Io and the wide dispersal of the ions creating the waves inward and outward from Io are consistent with a mass-loading disk created by a short period of acceleration of the ions by the Jovian corotation electric field followed by reneutralization, producing a spray of SO, SO2, S, and possibly H2S across the magnetic field similar to the spray proposed for the neutral sodium cloud by Wilson and Schneider [1999]. When these fast neutrals are reionized farther from Io, they lead to wave growth.