Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acetylcholine receptor binding antibody–associated myasthenia gravis, myocarditis, and rhabdomyolysis induced by tislelizumab in a patient with colon cancer: A case report and literature review

Despite the intriguing therapeutic prospects offered by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), immune-related adverse events (irAEs) become an increasingly important safety issue. Herein, we report a patient with locally advanced colorectal cancer (LACRC) who received anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) (tislelizumab) therapy, then developed weakness of the limbs and drooping eyelids. He experienced sequential irAEs including severe myasthenia gravis, myocarditis, and rhabdomyolysis. Although many irAEs caused by tislelizumab have been reported, the cooccurrence of severe myasthenia gravis, myocarditis, and rhabdomyolysis caused by tislelizumab has not been described. The patient responded well to methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. This case illustrates the severe toxicity caused by ICIs, highlighting the importance of early prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate management of irAEs. Multidisciplinary discussions should be held to improve the prognosis of patients.
Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in chronic constipation: Outstanding aspects to be considered for the current evidence

This integrative aimed to evaluate the effects and the potential mechanism of action of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on constipation-associated gastrointestinal symptoms and to identify issues that still need to be answered. A literature search was performed in the PubMed database. Animal models (n = 23) and clinical trials (n = 39) were included. In animal studies, prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation showed a decreased colonic transit time (CTT) and an increase in the number and water content of feces. In humans, inulin is shown to be the most promising prebiotic, while B. lactis and L. casei Shirota probiotics were shown to increase defecation frequency, the latter strain being more effective in improving stool consistency and constipation symptoms. Overall, synbiotics seem to reduce CTT, increase defecation frequency, and improve stool consistency with a controversial effect on the improvement of constipation symptoms. Moreover, some aspects of probiotic use in constipation-related outcomes remain unanswered, such as the best dose, duration, time of consumption (before, during, or after meals), and matrices, as well as their effect and mechanisms on the regulation of inflammation in patients with constipation, on polymorphisms associated with constipation, and on the management of constipation via 5-HT. Thus, more high-quality randomized control trials (RCTs) evaluating these lacking aspects are necessary to provide safe conclusions about their effectiveness in managing intestinal constipation.
Preclinical modeling of low energy X-rays radiological burn: Dosimetry study by monte carlo simulations and EPR spectroscopy

Interventional radiology has grown considerably over the last decades and become an essential tool for treatment or diagnosis. This technique is mostly beneficial and mastered but accidental overexposure can occur and lead to the appearance of deterministic effects. The lack of knowledge about the radiobiological consequences for the low-energy X-rays used for these practices makes the prognosis very uncertain for the different tissues. In order to improve the radiation protection of patients and better predict the risk of complications, we implemented a new preclinical mouse model to mimic radiological burn in interventional radiology and performed a complete characterization of the dose deposition. A new setup and collimator were designed to irradiate the hind legs of 15 mice at 30 Gy in air kerma at 80 kV. After irradiation, mice tibias were collected to evaluate bone dose by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy measurements. Monte Carlo simulations with Geant4 were performed in simplified and voxelized phantoms to characterize the dose deposition in different tissues and evaluate the characteristics of secondary electrons (energy, path, momentum). 30 mice tibias were collected for EPR analysis. An average absorbed dose of 194.0 ± 27.0 Gy was measured in bone initially irradiated at 30 Gy in air kerma. A bone to air conversion factor of 6.5 ± 0.9 was determined. Inter sample and inter mice variability has been estimated to 13.9%. Monte Carlo simulations shown the heterogeneity of the dose deposition for these low X-rays energies and the dose enhancement in dense tissue. The specificities of the secondary electrons were studied and showed the influence of the tissue density on energies and paths. A good agreement between the experimental and calculated bone to air conversion factor was obtained. A new preclinical model allowing to perform radiological burn in interventional radiology-like conditions was implemented. For the development of new preclinical radiobiological model where the exact knowledge of the dose deposited in the different tissues is essential, the complementarity of Monte Carlo simulations and experimental measurements for the dosimetric characterization has proven to be a considerable asset.
Cognitive networks detect structural patterns and emotional complexity in suicide notes

Communicating one's mindset means transmitting complex relationships between concepts and emotions. Using network science and word co-occurrences, we reconstruct conceptual associations as communicated in 139 genuine suicide notes, i.e., notes left by individuals who took their lives. We find that, despite their negative context, suicide notes are surprisingly positively valenced. Through emotional profiling, their ending statements are found to be markedly more emotional than their main body: The ending sentences in suicide notes elicit deeper fear/sadness but also stronger joy/trust and anticipation than the main body. Furthermore, by using data from the Emotional Recall Task, we model emotional transitions within these notes as co-occurrence networks and compare their structure against emotional recalls from mentally healthy individuals. Supported by psychological literature, we introduce emotional complexity as an affective analog of structural balance theory, measuring how elementary cycles (closed triads) of emotion co-occurrences mix positive, negative and neutral states in narratives and recollections. At the group level, authors of suicide narratives display a higher complexity than healthy individuals, i.e., lower levels of coherently valenced emotional states in triads. An entropy measure identified a similar tendency for suicide notes to shift more frequently between contrasting emotional states. Both the groups of authors of suicide notes and healthy individuals exhibit less complexity than random expectation. Our results demonstrate that suicide notes possess highly structured and contrastive narratives of emotions, more complex than expected by null models and healthy populations.
Differential effects of anthropogenic noise and vegetation cover on the breeding phenology and success of two urban passerines

The urban environment is associated with a multitude of challenges and stressors for populations of wild species from the surrounding natural environment. Among those, habitat fragmentation and noise pollution are suspected to have negative effects on the behavior and physiology of free-living birds in urban areas. Exposure in early life and chronic exposure to anthropogenic noise could be particularly deleterious, with short-and long-term consequences. In this study, we investigated if noise levels in city parks affect the distribution and reproductive success of two common bird species in the urban environment, the great tit (Parus major) and the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) and if vegetation cover could mitigate those effects. We predicted that high noise levels might correlate with a decreased nest-box occupancy rate, a delayed laying date or a decreased clutch size, hatching, and fledging success. On the contrary, vegetation cover was expected to correlate positively with nest occupancy rate, advanced laying date, increased clutch size, hatching, and fledging success. We used data from population monitoring collected between 2012 and 2019 in parks and green public spaces in the city center and suburbs of Paris, France, and did not find any correlation between nest occupancy rates and noise levels or vegetation cover for both species. Laying date was not significantly related to anthropogenic noise in any species but was delayed with increasing vegetation cover in the great tit, while we did not find any association with clutch size. Hatching success in blue tits negatively correlated with increasing noise levels, and positively with increasing vegetation coverage. Finally, we did not find any correlation between anthropogenic noise or vegetation cover and the clutch size or fledging success in both species. In this study, two closely related species that share a common environment show a different sensibility to environmental parameters during reproduction, a key period for population maintenance. It also highlights the importance of considering multiple parameters when studying wild populations living in the urban environment.
Understanding older adults’ attitudes toward mobile and wearable technologies to support health and cognition

The use of technology to facilitate remote patient monitoring and virtual care is desirable due to the challenges of providing healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for more efficient and effective methods to care for the expanding older adult population. Further, the collection and sharing of patient generated health data (PGHD) through these technologies holds promise with respect to improving outcomes and reducing the cost of care by facilitating the early detection and treatment of cognitive and health problems. Despite the potential benefits of these technologies, their promise might be hampered by low rates of acceptance and adoption among older adults. In an online survey, we assessed community-dwelling older adults’ (N = 92) attitudes towards the use of wearable and mobile technologies for (1) predicting cognitive decline, (2) assisting with adherence to healthy activities, and (3) collecting self-report data to understand current and predict future health states. Participants generally agreed hypothetical technology solutions would be useful (M = 4.20, SD = 0.70 on a 1–5 agreement scale; 5 = “strongly agree”), that they were interested in learning more about these technologies (M = 4.04, SD = 0.74), and that they would be willing to adopt these technologies (M = 3.83, SD = 0.93), though attitudes varied. Although participants were generally positive toward these technologies, they were relatively neutral in terms of their agreement that privacy of generated data was a concern (M = 2.92, SD = 1.02). Privacy concerns were associated with lower interest and willingness to adopt. More positive general technology attitudes and higher mobile device proficiency were associated with greater acceptance and willingness to adopt these technologies. Finally, poorer self-rated health was related to negative attitudes toward these technologies. These findings highlight barriers and potential targets for intervention to increase uptake of these and similar technologies among older adults who may be reluctant to adopt remote monitoring technologies.
Body composition parameters for predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with immunotherapy for gastric cancer

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly used in neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced gastric cancer. However, the effect of body composition on the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy has not been reported. Methods The computed tomography (CT) images and clinicopathological data of 101 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy (NCI) from 2019 to 2021 were collected. The CT image of L3 vertebral body section was selected, and the body composition before and after the neoadjuvant treatment was calculated using the SliceOmatic software, mainly including skeletal muscle index (SMI), subcutaneous adipose index (SAI), and visceral adipose index (VAI). The relationship between body composition and the efficacy and adverse events of NCI was analyzed. Results Of the 101 patients, 81 with evaluable data were included in the analysis. Of the included patients, 77.8% were male; the median age of all the patients was 62 years, and the median neoadjuvant therapy cycle was three. After the neoadjuvant therapy, 62.9% of the tumors were in remission (residual tumor cells ≤ 50%), and 37.1% of the tumors had no remission (residual tumor cells>50%). Moreover, 61.7% of the patients had treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), and 18.5% had immune-related adverse events (irAEs). After neoadjuvant therapy, the body mass index (from 23 to 22.6 cm2/m2, p=0.042), SAI (from 34.7 to 32.9 cm2/m2, p=0.01) and VAI (from 32.4 to 26.8 cm2/m2, p=0.005) were significantly lower than those before treatment, while the SMI had no significant change (44.7 vs 42.5 cm2/m2, p=0.278). The multivariate logistics regression analysis revealed that low SMI (odds ratio [OR]: 3.23,95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–9.81, p=0.047), SMI attenuation (△SMI) ≥ 1.8(OR: 1.45,95%CI: 1.20–3.48, p=0.048), and clinical node positivity (OR: 6.99,95%CI: 2.35–20.82, p=0.001) were independent risk factors for non-remission. Additionally, high SAI is an independent risk factor for irAEs (OR: 14, 95%CI: 1.73–112.7, p=0.013). Conclusion Low SMI and △SMI≥1.8 are independent risk factors for poor tumor regression in patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving NCI. Patients with a high SAI are more likely to develop irAEs.
The Estimation of Factor Indeterminacy

The degree of indeterminacy of the factor score estimates is usually measured by R2 , the sample multiple correlation between the factor scores and the original variables. However, this value, and any of its linear transformations, is biased and, thus, can lead to erroneous conclusion regarding the nature of the results. The magnitude of this bias is illustrated, and the use of an adjusted version of R2 is recommended. Finally, some guidelines for designing factor analytical studies in which factor scores are to be estimated are offered.
Fluid-dynamic feed-back in shear layer oscillation below a submerged sluice gate

The phenomenon of fluid-dynamic feed-back, which leads to organised periodic vortex shedding and oscillation of the free shear layer below a submerged sluice gate, is investigated. The feedback mechanism occurs through the impingement of the vortices onto a second parallel sluice gate installed at some distance downstream. The pressure fluctuations at the point of impingement are fed back upstream along the shear layer to the sensitive region of flow separation near the lip of the sluice gate. This amplifies the instability and enhances the vortex formation at the source of instability. The process of vortex impingement, upstream propagation of the disturbances, and the incitement of the velocity field at the vortex source, eventually lead to organised periodic oscillation of the shear layer and the accompanying vortex formation process. Over the present tests ranges of 30 <Lc /θO < 170, and 2,000 < Re θ < 10,000, fluid-dynamic feedback was observed to occur within a Strouhal number range of 0.005 < S θ <.
On the evaluation of optical parameters of a thin semiconductor film from transmission spectra, and application to GaN films

The analysis of the optical transmission spectra of semiconductor thin films on a transparent substrate is revisited. A new equation for the optical transmission is derived. Based on this equation and on the spacing of the interference pattern, a method is described and analyzed in detail for the determination of the film thickness, refractive index and absorption coefficient. As a notable feature, small values of the absorption coefficient can be determined as a fitting parameter at all wavelengths, regardless of strong interference. The method is compared to the frequently encountered envelope method of Manifacier et al and Swanepoel. The suitability of the method is illustrated on two GaN thin films grown on sapphire. Below the band gap, the index of refraction of GaN can be described by the equation n(λ(nm)) = 2.19 + 2.57(λ − 345)−1/2.
Turbulent couette flow between corrugated walls: The case with motion of one wall perpendicular to the corrugation cavities

In this work, we numerically examine the two dimensional flow of a Newtonian fluid in the gap formed between two opposing cavities. The fluid is driven by the motion of the upper cavity and the case considered represents a simplified version of the geometry found in Low Consistency (LC) refiners. Numerical studies were conducted in which we characterized the effect of gap size on the flow field. Then, we examine material transport between the cavities by introducing a passive scalar to represent the motion of tracer particles. A large number of unsteady simulations were conducted over the range of velocities and gap sizes. Over the range of parameters studied, we identify two characteristic flow fields, defined as either steady or unsteady.
MOF-templated and phase-controlled synthesis of CdS hierarchical nanostructures for visible-light-driven photocatalytic applications

Developing delicate methods to synthesize well-controlled nanostructures is diffusely recognized as a potent tool to enhance photocatalysts’ performances in various photoreactions. Herein, phase-controlled CdS hierarchical nanostructures were synthesized using a MOF-templated strategy, where Co-MOF nanospheres were used as the starting material, followed by two steps of sulfidation and cation exchange. By rational collocations of the solvent and Cd source in the cation exchange process, cubic CdS hollow hierarchical nanospheres and hexagonal CdS hierarchical nanostructures can be obtained, respectively. Further tests revealed that during the photo-reduction reaction of CO2, the former exhibited high performance in producing H2. At the same time, the latter showed a superior activity and selectivity for CO generation, which embodies the potential of MOF-templated synthesis and selective applications of CdS hierarchical nanostructures with disparate phases.
Trudinger-Moser Inequalities with the Exact Growth Condition in ℝ N and Applications

In a recent paper [19], the authors obtained a sharp version of the Trudinger-Moser inequality in the whole space ℝ2, giving necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness and the compactness of general nonlinear functionals in W 1, 2(ℝ2). We complete this study showing that an analogue of the result in [19] holds in arbitrary dimensions N ≥2. We also provide an application to the study of the existence of ground state solutions for quasilinear elliptic equations in ℝ N .
A direct simulation Monte Carlo method for rarefied gas flows in the limit of small Mach number

Standard methods of simulating the mean velocity and mean force in a rarefied gas flow suffer from statistical errors associated with the random thermal motion of the gas molecules. The ratio of the statistical error to the mean velocity or force diverges in the limit of small Mach number, which is relevant to applications in aerosol science and microdevices. We present a novel extension of the direct-simulation Monte Carlo method in which the deviation from equilibrium is captured by noninteger weightings of the simulation gas particles, so that the mean velocity and force associated with the deviation from equilibrium can be computed without contamination by the thermal noise in the equilibrium state. The collision rules between simulation particles reproduce the changes in the gas velocity distribution function that would result from hard sphere intermolecular collisions. Because the collision rules produce new particles, particle splitting and recombination steps, which do not alter the velocity distr.
Teaching about heat and temperature

Students encountering thermal physics at introductory level often have difficulty distinguishing between heat and temperature. It has been found with teacher education students at Canterbury Christ Church University College that challenging misconceptions by experiment and through discussion can quickly enable them to acquire the necessary concepts to equip them to develop their understanding of thermal physics. The key concepts are those of thermal equilibrium, the notion of flow of heat energy and the ability to differentiate between heat and temperature. This paper outlines a possible combination of activities to illustrate how this may be accomplished.
Simulation of Li3HoCl6 Solid-state Lithium Batteries Based on COSMOL Multiphysics

The rapid development of portable smart devices and electric vehicles is placing greater demands on the energy density and safety of rechargeable secondary batteries. Lithium-ion batteries using the Solid State Electrolyte (SSE) are considered to be the most promising direction to achieve these goals. Among the latest electrolyte developments, chloride solid electrolytes have attracted much attention due to their physicochemical properties such as high ionic conductivity, ease of deformation and oxidative stability. In this paper, a one-dimensional model of a solid-state Li3HoCl6 battery is proposed based on COSMOL Multiphysics multi-physics field simulation software, and the charge-discharge curves and lithium-ion concentration variation curves at different discharge rates are obtained. The results show that the battery has a stable potential and relatively high-capacity density at low C rates (1.8C~14.4C). Therefore, it has application values at low currents and space for improvement at high currents.
Towards a theoretical understanding BIM Success in an owner organization: Diffusion of Innovations Theory vs. Actor-Network Theory

Research on BIM adoption has been linked to different theories of innovation underpinned by diverging assumptions. Diffusion of Innovations theory (DIT), for example, assumes the innovation adoption process is linear, while Actor-Network Theory (ANT) assumes innovation is dynamic and non-linear. However, limited work has been done to compare the often hidden assumptions of different innovation theories, and to explore how well they suit the BIM process. This study has two objectives: (1) to conduct a comparative analysis of the contrasting conceptual foundations of DIT and ANT and (2) to build and test two early-stage analytical toolkits using the conceptual apparatus of each theory, allowing users to examine the experiences of adopter organisations using two lenses. The toolkits this study offers were developed by moving iteratively between key theoretical concepts and qualitative interview data from a single US-based owner organisation, a case study of an early adopter of BIM. The study has two contributions. The first, a theoretical finding, is that DIT is better suited for analysing innovations that are material, stabilised and thus “closed” in early stages, while ANT is better suited for innovations that are dynamic and iteratively (re)created. The second is a set of preliminary insights for practice.