Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Irrigation Scheduling Scenarios Studies for a Maize Crop in Tanzania Using a Computer-based Simulation Model

Irrigation scheduling is viable practice that can enhance crop production and greater profit for farmers. It can lead to significant water saving, reduced environmental impact of irrigation and improved sustainability of irrigated agriculture. In order to define appropriate irrigation scheduling protocols for optimal water management and crop response and make recommendation to farmers, there is a need for proper evaluation of feasible irrigation scheduling options. This paper presents scenarios studies of different irrigation scheduling options for a maize crop in Mkoji sub-catchment of the Great Ruaha River Basin in Tanzania using a computer-based simulation model. The model called ISIAMod was used to simulate crop, soil water balance and crop water productivity responses for different intervals of irrigation (7, 9, 10, 12, and 14 days) and water application depths (WAD) ranging from 30 to 70 mm per irrigation. The model simulated outputs for the different irrigation intervals were compared using the 7-day irrigation interval as a reference, being the conventional scheduling practice for maize crop in the study area. The comparison was based on percent losses or gains in the grain yields; seasonal water applied; seasonal evapotranspiration, and deep percolation. The results showed that although irrigating at intervals longer than the conventional 7 days, whether throughout the crop growing season or at some growth stages of the crop, led to significant reduction in grain yield, there was also a significant reduction in seasonal water applied in the field and the associated deep percolation losses. The crop water productivity (in terms of water applied) for the 7-day scheduling interval was higher than the other scheduling intervals only when WAD per irrigation was less than 45 mm. When WAD per irrigation exceeded 45 mm, the crop water productivity of the 7-day irrigation interval fell below those of the 9-, 10-, and 12-day intervals by between 5 and 20 %. The optimal irrigation scheduling scenario which maximize grain yield and minimized deep percolation losses in the study area was the 9-day irrigation interval at 50 mm a 10-day irrigation interval at WAD of 55 mm. Yield losses associated with these two scheduling options when compared with the 7-day irrigation interval were only 17 and 22 % for the 9 and 10-day frequencies, respectively. But the reduction in deep percolation was about 50 and 58 % for the 9- and 10day irrigation interval, respectively. The irrigation scheduling scenarios showed a technical feasibility of reducing the water supply for irrigation and an appealing tradeoff between yield reductions and water saved. However, whether irrigation farmers who are always profitoriented are ready to compromise such tradeoff will remain a subject of interest both farmers and water managers.
A deep learning based ensemble approach for protein allergen classification

In recent years, the increased population has led to an increase in the demand for various industrially processed edibles and other consumable products. These industries regularly alter the proteins found in raw materials to generate more commercially viable end-products in order to keep up with consumer demand. These modifications result in a substance that may cause allergic reactions in consumers, thereby creating a protein allergen. The detection of such proteins in various substances is essential for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of allergic conditions. Bioinformatics and computational methods can be used to analyze the information contained in amino-acid sequences to detect possible allergens. The article presents a deep learning based ensemble approach to identify protein allergens using Extra Tree, Deep Belief Network (DBN), and CatBoost models. The proposed ensemble model achieves higher detection accuracy by combining the prediction results of the three models using majority voting. The evaluation of the proposed model was carried out on the benchmark protein allergen dataset, and the performance analysis revealed that the proposed model outperforms the other state-of-the-art literature techniques with a protein allergen detection accuracy of 89.16%.
Weighting Factors Optimization for FCS-MPC in PMSM Drives Using Aggregated Residual Network

Artificial neural network (ANN) has recently been considered in weighting factors (WFs) optimization for finite control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC). However, the training of the traditional ANN is complicated and the predictive accuracy is limited by gradient vanishing. For this motivation, this article proposes a WFs optimization method based on an aggregated residual network (ResNet), which combines the advantages of residual connection and aggregated transformation. Specifically, the residual connection avoids the gradient vanishing of ANN while the aggregated transformation simplifies the training procedure. Furthermore, the input layer of the designed network incorporates the parameters and working conditions of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Consequently, the proposed method is capable of precisely predicting the optimal WFs to enhance the performance of FCS-MPC under various operating conditions. Comparative studies are conducted to highlight the training and generalization ability of the aggregated ResNet. Finally, the feasibility and the dynamic adjustment of the predicted WFs are experimentally validated through a platform of PMSM drives fed by three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter.
Evidence for rapid ice flow and proglacial lake evolution around the central Strait of Magellan region, southernmost Patagonia

This paper presents a detailed palaeoglaciological reconstruction of ice sheet dynamics in the Seno Skyring, Seno Otway and Strait of Magellan region of the former Patagonian Ice Sheet, with a particular focus on previously hypothesised zones of rapid ice flow and the evolution of proglacial lakes. Geomorphological mapping from a combination of satellite imagery and oblique and vertical aerial photographs reveals a variety of glacial landforms that are grouped into several discrete flow‐sets and associated ice margin positions. The most distinct features are represented by flow‐sets of highly elongate streamlined glacial lineations on both sides of the Strait of Magellan. Based on the shape and dimensions of the flow‐sets and their abrupt lateral margins, a transverse and longitudinal variation in glacial lineation length and elongation ratio, and the reported presence of a potentially deformable bed and thrust moraines, the flow‐sets are interpreted as zones of rapid ice flow within the Otway and Magellan lobes. We hypothesise that this provides evidence for contemporaneous surge‐like advances within the lobes, which may explain the asymmetry in the lobate margin positions on either side of the strait. The mechanisms that initiated rapid flow are unclear, but are likely to have been influenced by internal factors such as a change in thermal/hydrological conditions at the bed. The topography of the region suggests ice‐dammed lakes would have formed as the ice lobes retreated. The westernmost of the former lakes, Lake Skyring, is delimited by a series of palaeo‐shorelines surrounding the present‐day lake Laguna Blanca and we reconstruct lake evolution based on manipulation of a digital elevation model. The size and orientation of meltwater channels and a large outwash plain indicate that Lake Skyring drained eastwards towards the Strait of Magellan, probably quite rapidly. We conclude that the potential for quasi‐independent surge‐like behaviour within adjacent lobes raises the possibility that, during climate‐driven ice expansion, some advances in this region may have been partly controlled by secondary internal feedback mechanisms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palaeomagnetic evidence for block rotations in the western Greek Rhodope

SUMMARY The Rhodope massif has been traditionally considered to be a pre-Mesozoic element that remained stable during the Tertiary. This idea has been partly supported by previous palaeomagnetic results on plutonic and volcanic rocks ranging in age from Palaeocene to Oligo-Miocene. However, new palaeomagnetic data from additional sites on Tertiary magmatic rocks of the western Greek Rhodope show declination values indicating, in most cases, a clockwise rotation, whereas inclinations are systematically lower than those corresponding to the actual latitudinal position of the Rhodope. Our results, together with previously published ones, are discussed in the light of recent ideas proposed for the Rhodope and the north Aegean region. We suggest that at least the western part of the Greek Rhodope has been clockwise rotated after the Oligocene. North-south to NE-SW extension tilted the formations towards the north or north-east, producing apparently high inclinations, if the alternative pole position for Eurasia proposed by Westphal (1990) is adopted.
High repetition ultrafast laser ablation of graphite and silicon/graphite composite electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

Laser structuring can be applied to composite electrodes of lithium-ion cells to enhance wetting and to facilitate the usage of thick-film electrodes by reducing the lithium-ion diffusion overpotential and the tortuosity of the electrodes or the usage of electrodes containing silicon, where additional porosity is required to compensate the volume expansion during lithium de-/insertion. To integrate the additional laser processing step in the well-established electrode manufacturing route, the laser processing speed must be significantly increased to match with the belt speed, which is dependent on the electrode thickness and the type of manufacturing route. Upscaling can be realized by increasing the average laser power, laser intensity, and/or laser repetition rate. Here, an ultrashort pulsed laser source with an average power of 300 W and a pulse duration of 600 fs was applied. For the first time, the presented research provides detailed laser ablation processing data for thick-film composite anodes associated with high repetition rates ranging from 4.9 to 48.8 MHz. The patterning results are compared depending on the widths, depths, aspect ratios, the total appearance regarding debris and cracks, and the volume ablation rate. In high repetition rate laser patterning, the subsequent laser pulses interact with the material vapor plasma generated by the previous laser pulses, resulting in lower ablation depths and higher ablation widths. The increase in laser peak intensity leads to higher achievable ablation depths. Processing strategies are identified for two different ablation scenarios focusing on the pouch cells of a Volkswagen ID.3 and the Tesla 4680 cell.
Unambiguous and Low-Cost Determination of Growth Rates and Ages of Tropical Trees and Palms

The determination of the age of tropical trees and palms is of significant importance for ecological studies and designing sustainable forest management plans. Radiocarbon is a powerful tool that can potentially help the determination of ages and growth rates of these plants. However, the application of 14C analyses has one important problem for trees without annual rings and palms: the calibration of 14C measurements with common programs such as CALIBomb or OxCal gives erroneous determinations for wood formed between AD 1954 and 1964. This problem is illustrated here using samples from a tropical tree (Otoba gracilipes) and a tropical palm (Oenocarpus bataua). This study shows how the use of two adjacent samples can help to unambiguously determine the real age of the samples and their mean growth rates. For comparison, long-term growth measurements for both species were used and it was determined that 14C analyses provide accurate determination of growth rates for tropical trees and palms. Furthermore, the application of 14C analyses in palms allows the determination of the rosette stage, rarely quantified in forest inventories and life-history studies.
Maximizing the Benefit of Respite for Dementia Caregivers: A Study Protocol Describing the Development & Evaluation of the Time for Living & Caring (TLC) Intervention

Dementia caregivers are susceptible to adverse physical and mental health outcomes, given the often prolonged and challenging care and support they provide to family members with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). This report describes a community-engaged implementation of a novel behavioral intervention - an “app” (interactive website) called TLC (Time for Living and Caring) that coaches caregivers on how to maximize the benefits associated with respite time. The rationale and features of the TLC intervention and the full research protocol used to develop and then evaluate its feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy are described here.
Accelerated Orthodontics: Stepping Into the Future Orthodontics

Orthodontic treatment signifies a transformative journey for individuals seeking not only enhanced oral health but also a boost in aesthetics and self-confidence. Nonetheless, the protracted timeline associated with conventional orthodontic care has been a persistent concern for both patients and practitioners. In this comprehensive review, we embark on an exploration of innovative strategies aimed at expediting orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). By doing so, we aspire to curtail treatment duration and mitigate potential risks, ultimately culminating in an elevated and more fulfilling patient experience. Traditionally, orthodontists heavily leaned on surgical techniques to hasten tooth movement. However, the recent landscape of orthodontics has been profoundly shaped by technological advancements and groundbreaking research findings, ushering in an era characterized by the embrace of minimally invasive approaches. These progressive methodologies encompass procedures like Piezocision, Discision, and Microosteoperforation (Alveocentesis). Beyond the obvious benefits of reduced patient discomfort, these techniques significantly truncate treatment periods, a development that addresses a primary concern of many patients. Moreover, this review delves into non-invasive alternatives, including cyclic vibrations, photobiomodulation, direct light electric current, and static or pulsed magnetic fields, as well as systemic and local administration of biological substances and hormones, all of which hold substantial promise in optimizing OTM. Furthermore, our exploration extends to a diverse spectrum of medications that have demonstrated their efficacy in expediting OTM. These encompass NSAIDs, acetaminophen, corticosteroids, bisphosphonates, herbal medicine biomaterials, and synthetic biomaterials like graphene dioxide. Every technique and medication is subjected to meticulous evaluation, taking into account its indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages, clinical implications, and limitations. Through this review, we endeavor to equip orthodontic professionals with a profound understanding of these innovative strategies. By doing so, we enable them to make informed decisions, tailored meticulously to meet the unique needs of each patient. In an ever-evolving field like orthodontics, staying abreast of these advancements becomes paramount, ultimately contributing to heightened treatment efficacy and enhanced patient satisfaction. The adoption of these innovative strategies not only holds the potential for improved clinical outcomes but also champions a patient-centric approach that could fundamentally reshape the landscape of orthodontic care.
Spatial patterns of fish communities in the Upper Mississippi River System: assessing fragmentation by low‐head dams

We assessed the similarity of fish communities among river reaches to assess community‐level fragmentation by low‐head dams in the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS). The spatial coverage of standardized electrofishing sampling used in the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) was extended for three of the six regional trend areas (RTA; pools 4, 13, and the Open River Reach) to include river reaches (outpools) immediately upstream and downstream from the standard RTA from 15 June to 31 October 2000. Additionally, pools 19 and 20 were sampled in September 2000. Cluster analysis and non‐metric multidimensional scaling of community composition and structure data revealed two major groups, upper and lower reaches, and four (for composition) or five (for structure) sub‐groupings of river reaches. In general, all outpools grouped with the nearest RTA for both community composition (no exception) and community structure (one exception). This suggests that fragmentation of fish communities from low‐head dams is minimal. Mantel correlations demonstrated strong inverse association between the similarity of fish communities with the distance between reaches. Habitat variables measured during electrofishing collections were significantly correlated with spatial variation of fish composition and community structure, but provided only marginal improvements to correlations with distance between reaches alone. Furthermore, habitat variability among river reaches also was related to distance between reaches. Determining the extent to which variation of fish communities is related to habitat or demographic processes (e.g. migration, larval drift, source‐sink dynamics) will be challenging for this system. Although low‐head dams on the UMRS may restrict movements for individuals and populations of certain fish species, we found little evidence that these effects have led to substantial, community‐level fragmentation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass transfer between a multicomponent trapped gas phase and a mobile water phase: Experiment and theory

Gas tracer experiments were carried out in dynamically compressed sediments to investigate the mass transfer between a trapped multicomponent gas phase and a mobile water phase. The saturation state of the column was characterized by three independent methods: (1) by gravimetric measurements, (2) by bromide tracer tests, and (3) by hydraulic conductivity measurements. For inverse modeling a new kinetic model was developed allowing volume change of the entrapped gas. The new kinetic model consistently explains oxygen elution curves, the time evolution of the integral gas saturation, and integral hydraulic conductivity. The sensitivity of three different velocity‐dependent mass transfer correlations to the dissolution process was investigated: (1) a classical square‐root, single‐sphere correlation, Sh ∼ Pe0.5, (2) a multisphere correlation, Sh ∼ Pen (n = 0.5–1.0), and (3) an empirical correlation, Sh ∼ Pe0.8. It was found that all correlations yield nearly the same elution curves for 10 gas tracer experiments with three different two‐component gas phases: O2/He, O2/N2, and O2/Ar and for different flow velocities ranging from 5 to 20 m d−1. For all gas tracer experiments a distinct minimum of the longitudinal dispersivity was found during gas dissolution, i.e., in the unsaturated state. For the saturated state we found that the experimental values could be described by Saffman's theory: p ∝ Pe ln (Pe) with a normalized mean square root error of 6%.
Next Generation Mucosal Vaccine Strategy for Respiratory Pathogens

Inducing humoral and cytotoxic mucosal immunity at the sites of pathogen entry has the potential to prevent the infection from getting established. This is different from systemic vaccination, which protects against the development of systemic symptoms. The field of mucosal vaccination has seen fewer technological advances compared to nucleic acid and subunit vaccine advances for injectable vaccine platforms. The advent of the next-generation adenoviral vectors has given a boost to mucosal vaccine research. Basic research into the mechanisms regulating innate and adaptive mucosal immunity and the discovery of effective and safe mucosal vaccine adjuvants will continue to improve mucosal vaccine design. The results from clinical trials of inhaled COVID-19 vaccines demonstrate their ability to induce the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells and the production of secreted IgA and IgG antibodies locally, unlike intramuscular vaccinations. However, these mucosal vaccines induce systemic immune responses at par with systemic vaccinations. This review summarizes the function of the respiratory mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and the advantages that the adenoviral vectors provide as inhaled vaccine platforms.
Estimation of Uplift Capacity of Rapidly Loaded Plate Anchors in Soft Clay

Plate anchors are extensively used in civil engineering constructions as they provide an economical alternative to gravity and other embedded anchors. The rate of loading is one of the important factors that affects the magnitude of soil resistance as well as soil suction force. This article outlines the effect of pullout rate on uplift behavior of plate anchors (70 mm diameter) buried in soft saturated clay by varying the pullout rate from 1.4 mm/min to 21.0 mm/min. The variation of breakout force and suction force with embedment depth and rate of pull are presented. A correlation between the rate of increase of undrained strength of clay and anchor capacity with rate of strain has been established. Finally an empirical equation has been proposed that includes the rate of pull in the estimation of breakout capacity of anchors.
Pseudostatic seismic stability of slopes: Design Charts

A variational limiting equilibrium approach that is an extension of Baker and Garber's analysis is presented. In this extension a pseudostatic seismic force is included to assess the stability of simple slopes. The normal stress distribution over the potential slip surface is determined mathematically so as to render the minimum factor of safety while satisfying explicitly all limiting equilibrium equations. The equation describing this distribution contains terms related to seismicity and it makes the problem statically determinate without a priori statical assumptions. A closed-form solution is then obtained for a log spiral failure mechanism. Consequently, a parametric study of the effects of pseudostatic seismic force is conducted with ease. Furthermore, design charts for assessing the seismic stability of simple slopes are presented. For nonseismic cases these charts coincide with Taylor's chart. For the seismic cases, identical results could also be obtained by using a conventional log spiral analysis (though with much greater effort). The design charts, therefore, should be acceptable by a large group of readers.