Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A STUDY OF THE CORRELATION OF PREOPERATIVE ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AIRWAY ASSESSMENT AND CLINICAL ASSESSMENT IN THE PREDICTION OF THE DIFFICULT AIRWAY

Background: Ultrasonographic airway assessment could be a useful predictor of a difficult airway and thus correlate with various clinical and laryngoscopic views of the airway. Aim: The study aims to determine the correlation between ultrasonographic airway assessment and clinical and laryngoscopic airway assessment for difficult airways. Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized study was conducted at the department of anaesthesiology in tertiary care hospital on 150 adult patients undergoing elective surgery requiring general anaesthesia. Adult patients of both sexes between 18-60 years undergoing elective surgeries requiring general anaesthesia were included. A preoperative evaluation of the patient was done before surgery. The modified Mallampati class was noted by asking the patient to protrude the tongue and not to phonate. Result: In the study, patients were aged between 18 and 60 years with 74% male and 35.5% female patients. The hyomental distance found that out of 123 patients with CL grade 1/2, 110 had HMD > 5.5 cm (89.4%). For the patients with CL grade 3/4, HMD was less than 5.5cm for 23 populations (85.2%). Of the population with difficult intubation, 20 (74%) had a neck circumference of more than 40cm. Fifteen patients had a history of OSA and 10 had a tongue width of more than 6.0 cm. The statistical analysis showed that all the ultrasonography parameters ANS-VC, PRE-E, E-VC, and PRE-E / E-VC were significantly correlated with the Cormack Lehane grading. Conclusion: Ultrasonographic measurement of the Anterior neck soft tissue -Vocal Cord is thus an excellent predictor of difficult intubation.
Measuring dental fear using the CFSS-DS. Do children and parents agree?

BACKGROUND In most studies, the parental version of the CFSS-DS is used; however, no information is available concerning the extent to which parents are able to report dental fear on behalf of their children. AIM This study aims to assess whether parents are accurate reporters of their child's dental fear. METHODS The CFSS-DS was filled out by 326 children in a classroom setting and by 167 parents (mostly mothers) at home on behalf of their child. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used as a measure of agreement between both CFSS-DS versions, and reasons for nonagreement were assessed. RESULTS Mean CFSS-DS for children was 21.15 (SD = 6.4) and for parents 23.26 (SD = 6.7). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.57. After selection of the 73.1% most accurate reporting parents, the ICC was 0.90. In general, parents estimate the dental fear of their children higher than their children do (P ≤ 0.001), whereas parents of high anxious children (HAC) estimate this fear lower, and parents of low anxious children (LAC) estimate this fear higher. Anxious parents (AP) estimate the dental fear of their children significantly higher than nonanxious parents (NAP) (P ≤ 0.001), but the children of AP do not estimate their own dental fear higher than children of NAP. CONCLUSIONS In general, parents tend to estimate the dental fear of their children slightly higher than their children.
EFFECT OF PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION (PEM) ON THYROID HORMONES AND PLASMA PROTEIN LEVELS BEFORE AND AFTER NUTRITIONAL REHABILITATION

Background: Protein-energy malnutrition is one of the leading causes of death among children under five in India. These children undergo several endocrinological adaptive alterations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) on thyroid hormones and plasma protein levels before and after nutritional rehabilitation. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted between June 2019 and May 2020, including fifty children aged between 6 months and 5 years with protein-energy malnutrition. Demographics, birth characteristics, nutritional history, and detailed anthropometric measurements were collected using a predesigned template. According to WHO classification, the cohorts were divided into moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) groups. Free Triiodothyronine (FT3), free Thyroxine (FT4), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), serum total protein (TP), and serum albumin were estimated in these groups before and after nutritional intervention. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between PEM, age, and gender of cases. However, a statistically significant difference was noted in serum albumin in both groups. Free T3 levels were low before nutritional rehabilitation and improved significantly afterward in the MAM group. Serum TSH did not show a significant variation in children of both groups. Conclusion: PEM is linked to a decrease in T3 and T4 levels without changing TSH levels. Therefore, it can
TO STUDY THE COMMON ETIOLOGIES ASSOCIATED WITH SEIZURE DURING PERIPARTUM PERIOD

Background: Most seizures occur during pregnancy in women who already have epilepsy. In patients with new-onset seizure during the peripartum period, significant morbidity and mortality can be avoided by thorough examination and investigations to identify the specific cause to initiate appropriate treatment. Still, in developing countries like India, there is a significant burden of peripartum mortality with seizure being one of the important causes that encourage the present study. Materials and Methods: In the present Observational cross-sectional study, a total of 50 patients with seizures according to the definition given by ilea and who had POG 9th month to 1 month postpartum were included. A detailed clinic-radiological examination along with biochemical investigations were done and analysed. Result: More than one-third of patients were <25 years (44%) followed by 25-30 (38%) and >30 (18%) years. EEG was abnormal in 11.1% of patients. ECL was in 14% of patients. Press aetiology was in 10% of patients. Unknown aetiology was among 52% of patients. The association of aetiology with time. Only ECL was significantly (p=0.01) associated with time. Conclusion: Most common aetiology in the antepartum period was Eclampsia, whereas, in the postpartum period, it is PRES. In primigravida, the most common aetiology was also PRES while it is CVT among multigravida.
INCREASING ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AMONG UROPATHOGENS: IS FOSFOMYCIN A RIGHT ANSWER?

Background: Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infectious diseases in clinical practice. The choice of antibiotics for the treatment of UTI is limited by the rising trend of antibiotic resistance. There is an urgent need to discover new effective treatment solutions. Fosfomycin may be an interesting alternative to the currently used treatments for UTIs. The current study was undertaken with a dual purpose: to provide insight into the current scenario of the microorganisms causing UTIs and their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns, and to evaluate the activity of Fosfomycin against uropathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted for one year, from July 2021 to June 2022, in a tertiary care hospital in North India, to evaluate the in-vitro sensitivity pattern of Fosfomycin and other commonly used antibiotics against uropathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Identification of organisms causing significant bacteriuria was done by conventional biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed against these pathogens by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: A total of 6480 urine samples were submitted for culture during the study
Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults.

1. The diagnosis of asymptomatic bacteriuria should be based on results of culture of a urine specimen collected in a manner that minimizes contamination (A-II) (table 1). • For asymptomatic women, bacteriuria is defined as 2 consecutive voided urine specimens with isolation of the same bacterial strain in quantitative counts 10 cfu/mL (B-II). • A single, clean-catch voided urine specimen with 1 bacterial species isolated in a quantitative count 10 cfu/mL identifies bacteriuria in men (BIII). • A single catheterized urine specimen with 1 bacterial species isolated in a quantitative count 10 cfu/mL identifies bacteriuria in women or men (A-II). 2. Pyuria accompanying asymptomatic bacteriuria is not an indication for antimicrobial treatment (A-II). 3. Pregnant women should be screened for bacteriuria by urine culture at least once in early pregnancy, and they should be treated if the results are positive (A-I). • The duration of antimicrobial therapy should be
Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidance on the Treatment of AmpC β-lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales, Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infections.

BACKGROUND The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) is committed to providing up-to-date guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant infections. A previous guidance document focused on infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR-P. aeruginosa). Here, guidance is provided for treating AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (AmpC-E), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections. METHODS A panel of six infectious diseases specialists with expertise in managing antimicrobial-resistant infections formulated questions about the treatment of AmpC-E, CRAB, and S. maltophilia infections. Answers are presented as suggestions and corresponding rationales. In contrast to guidance in the previous document, published data on optimal treatment of AmpC-E, CRAB, and S. maltophilia infections are limited. As such, guidance in this document is provided as "suggested approaches" based on clinical experience, expert opinion, and a review of the available literature. Because of differences in the epidemiology of resistance and availability of specific anti-infectives internationally, this document focuses on the treatment of infections in the United States. RESULTS Preferred and alternative treatment suggestions are provided, assuming the causative organism has been identified and antibiotic susceptibility results are known. Approaches to empiric treatment, duration of therapy, and other management considerations are also discussed briefly. Suggestions apply for both adult and pediatric populations. CONCLUSIONS The field of antimicrobial resistance is highly dynamic. Consultation with an infectious diseases specialist is recommended for the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant infections. This document is current as of September 17, 2021 and will be updated annually. The most current versions of IDSA documents, including dates of publication, are available at www.idsociety. org/practice-guideline/amr-guidance-2.0/.
Linking science and the farmer: pillars of the national agricultural research system in Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone is a small West African country with a long and distingUished history ofresearch dating back to the early part of the 20th century. This study discusses the institutional evolution of the national agricultural research system (NARS) and its current scale and scope. Institutionalized research is focused on rice and tubers. Notable achievements have been made by the Rice Research Station at Rokupr and the Institute of Agricultural Research at Njala in improving the product1v1ty of these global staples.
INCIDENCE OF CONTRAST INDUCED NEPHROPATHY FOLLOWING CONTRAST ENHANCED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy is a significant adverse event that can occur after using non-ionic iodinated contrast agents. The occurrence of CIN in rural populations is currently unknown. It is essential to determine the frequency of CIN and identify common risk factors that may contribute to its development. Materials and Methods: This observational study took place over a 22-month period from March 2021 to December 2022, involving 310 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography with non-ionic contrast agents. Results: The average age of the patients in our study was 52.6 years ± 16.4 years (mean ± standard deviation), ranging from 23 to 90 years. There was a slightly higher number of male patients (n = 174; 56.1%). Out of the 310 patients, 12 (3.87%) developed CIN, all of whom had at least one risk factor. However, all cases of CIN resolved within seven days without any complications. The most common contrast examination performed was a CECT abdomen for 111 patients (35.8%), followed by CECT neck for 80 patients (25.8%). The initial serum creatinine level averaged at 1.135 ± 0.163 mg/dL (mean ± SD), ranging from 0.8 to 1.5 mg/dL. The risk factors evaluated in our study included elderly age (n = 67; 21.6%), hypertension (n = 30; 9.7%), diabetes mellitus (n = 26; 8.4%), NSAID use (n = 10; 3.2%), and renal insufficiency (n = 3; 1.3%). Risk factors were present in 102 patients (32.9%), with 72 patients (23.2%) having one risk factor, 25 patients (16.13%) having two risk factors, and five patients (4.84%) having three risk factors, totaling 137 risk factors. Among the risk factors, hypertension was observed in five patients (1.61%), diabetes mellitus and elderly age group in four patients each (1.29%), and renal insufficiency in two patients (0.65%). None of the patients who had a history of NSAID use developed CIN. Conclusion: Our study found a relatively low risk of contrast-induced nephropathy following CECT examinations. The identified risk factors for developing CIN were diabetes mellitus, elderly age (>65 years), hypertension, and renal insufficiency. Serum creatinine levels returned to baseline within a week for all patients who developed CIN. In conclusion, the use of non-ionic iodinated contrast media is associated with a low risk of CIN, and CECT studies do not cause a significant increase in its occurrence.
Forecast-Based Monetary Policy: The Case of Sweden

Central banks are dominant players in financial markets and economic policy. For both democratic and efficiency reasons, it is important that central banks' actions can be understood, predicted, and evaluated. Inflation-targeting central banks that publish their forecasts provide unique opportunities for detailed studies of monetary policy based on real-time data. This paper demonstrates how a central bank's forecasts can be used to identify two different forms of discretionary monetary policy: "policy shocks" (deviations from systematic policy) and "judgements" in forecasting. Copyright 2003 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
STUDY OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION, MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE & RISK FACTORS FOLLOWING CAESAREAN SECTION IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Background: To estimate the incidence, independent risk factors and organisms causing surgical site infections following caesarean section. Materials and Methods: The conducted study is prospective observational cohort study involving 277 females who underwent caesarean section. Out of 277, we lost follow-up of 27 patients. A total of 250 patients were included for analysis who underwent labor and scheduled C-sections from January 2021 to September 2022 at Department of Microbiology and Department of Gynaecology, Government Medical College & Dr. Susheela Tiwari Government Hospital, Haldwani, Nainital. Each woman was followed for 30 postoperative days. Culture-based microbiological methods were used to identify causative agents in postoperative wounds. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, and univariate logistic regression analysis. Result: Overall, the SSI rate was found to be 18.0% and the median time was the 5 th - 6 th postoperative day. The mean age of the patients was 20-31years. The average length of stay was 6 to 7 days. We found a statistically significant association between SSI and co-morbidity, preoperative antibiotic use, duration of operation, age, and history of previous cesarean section. Univariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that one or more co-morbidity, previous cesarean section, preoperative antibiotics, and duration of the surgery < 1 h are predictors of SSI. Conclusion: Knowing the associated risk factors with SSI can assist clinicians in identifying women with specific risk factor profiles. Careful assessment of membrane status, identifying and properly managing patients with morbidity can further decrease the SSI rate.
Scaling Patterns and Ecological Correlates of Postcranial Skeletal Robusticity in Canis and Ursus: Implications for Human Evolution

Scaling Patterns and Ecological Correlates of Postcranial Skeletal Robusticity in Canis and Ursus: Implications for Human Evolution by Sara Kathleen Doyle Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Daniel O. Schmitt, Supervisor ___________________________ Christine E. Wall ___________________________ V. Louise Roth ___________________________ Richard Kay An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D in the Department of Evolutionary Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2009 Copyright by Sara Kathleen Doyle 2009 iv Abstract There has been a trend toward decreasing skeletal robusticity in the genus Homo throughout the Pleistocene, culminating in the gracile postcrania of living modern humans. This change is typically attributed to changing tool technologies and subsistence patterns among human groups. However, other mammalian groups also experience a similar change in their postcranial strength over the same time period. It is proposed in this dissertation that ecological variables are correlated with measures of postcranial strength and may be a better explanation for Holocene skeletal gracilization in humans, as well as in other mammalian genera. This hypothesis is investigated through a close examination of the scaling patterns in two extant genera, Canis and Ursus, and a comparison of scaling patterns and relative strength of different species of Canis, including a fossil species that provides information about temporal change. Measurements of limb length, joint surface area, bone diameter, and strength measurements derived from radiographic images of long bone midshafts of North American specimens of Canis, (including the fossil Canis dirus) and Ursus were collected. Scaling patterns of the cross-sectional variables on limb length and joint surfaces were analyzed for the interspecific and intraspecific samples. The first hypothesis tested was that Canis scales with geometric similarity of cross-sectional variables on bone length and body mass, and the Ursus scales with elastic
Sacred Places: How the Living Earth Seeks Our Friendship

Supporting Lovelock's thesis that the Earth is a living being James Swan suggests natural sites such as Serpent Mound Machu Pichu and Delphi have the power to move us in ways modern science cannot explain. SACRED PLACES explores the age-old relationship between human beings and the living ecology. Drawing upon years of research in psychology anthropology biology and electromagnetism as well as field work with various native cultures the author demonstrates that sacred places in nature have a value that transcends time and culture and therefore that they must be preserved for generations to come Jim Swan's work gives us a fascinating bridge between science and the sacred mystery of the land. His writing is eloquent and promotes the healing of mind and heart.
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION AND AGGREGATE FLUCTUATIONS: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

We investigate the quantitative behavior of business-cycle models in which the intermediation process acts either as a source of fluctuations or as a propagator of real shocks. In neither case do we find convincing evidence that the intermediation process is an important element of aggregate fluctuations. For an economy driven by intermediation shocks, consumption is not smoother than output, investment is negatively correlated with output, variations in the capital stock are quite large, and interest rates are procyclical. The model economy thus fails to match unconditional moments for the U.S. economy. We also structurally estimate parameters of a model economy in which intermediation and productivity shocks are present, allowing for the intermediation process to propagate the real shock. The unconditional correlations are closer to those observed only when the intermediation shock is relatively unimportant.
Performance analysis of quantum key distribution in underwater turbulence channels

The current literature on quantum key distribution is limited mainly to transmissions over fiber optic, atmospheric, or satellite links and is not directly applicable to underwater environments with different channel characteristics. In this paper, we analyze the quantum bit error rate (QBER) and secret key rate (SKR) performance of the well-known BB84 protocol in underwater channels. As a path loss model, we consider a modified version of the Beer–Lambert formula, which takes into account the effect of scattering. We derive a closed-form expression for the wave structure function to determine the average power transfer over a turbulent underwater path and use this to obtain an upper bound on QBER as well as a lower bound on SKR. Based on the derived bounds, we present the performance of the BB84 protocol in different water types including clear, coastal, and turbid and under different atmospheric conditions such as clear, hazy, and overcast. We further investigate the effect of system parameters such as aperture size and detector field of view on QBER and SKR performance metrics.
IMPULSIVE BUYING BEHAVIOR OF CONSUMERS ON FASHION PRODUCTS: THE ROLE OF INFLUENCER ENDORSEMENT

The study titled "Impulsive Buying Behavior of Consumers on Fashion Products: Exploring Influencer Endorsement's Role" investigates the interplay between impulsive buying behavior and influencer endorsement in the fashion industry, specifically focusing on the Indian consumer market. Through an examination of the complex relationship between influencer endorsement and impulsive buying, the research employs social media platforms like YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook to uncover the complexities among consumers, influencers, and fashion products in the digital era. By bridging the gap in understanding how influencers influence impulsive buying decisions, the study dissects the attributes of influencer endorsement and its impact on impulsive buying, contributing to both theoretical insights and practical implications for marketers. The research objectives encompass exploring gender-based variations in influencer endorsement, examining age-related differences, and elucidating the connection between influencer endorsement and impulsive buying behavior. Employing a descriptive and empirical approach, the study conducts an online survey among daily social media users in India, revealing substantial gender-based disparities in influencer endorsement. Moreover, the result uncovers noteworthy distinctions in influencer endorsement across diverse age groups, while the post hoc analysis underscores age's potential influence on this dynamic. Furthermore, the research establishes a robust positive correlation and a significant impact of influencer endorsement on impulsive buying behavior among fashion consumers. In conclusion, this article offers insights into the intricate amalgamation of influencer endorsement, gender, age, and impulsive buying behavior in the fashion domain. These insights offer valuable guidance for marketers seeking to optimize strategies in the digital age