Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Equations of Motion in Electrodynamics

A formulation of the equations of motion of singularities in classical electromagnetic theory is obtained. The general method introduced by Einstein, Infeld and Hoffmann leads in a simple way, without any difficulty with "infinities," to the equations of motion obtained before by Dirac. It is shown further that Dirac's introduction of the inertial term into the equations of motion correspond in this method to the assumption of an energy-momentum tensor of matter. The attempt to remove this arbitrary assumption leads in a simple and natural way to the general theory of relativity, in which the equations of motion are obtained from the Einstein-Maxwell field equations.
Gingival Overgrowths Revealing PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome: Report of Novel PTEN Pathogenic Variants

PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), is a spectrum of disorders caused by mutations of PTEN, in which non-cancerous growths, called hamartomas, develop in different areas of the body, often including the oral mucosa. PHTS also implies a recognized increased risk of malignancies, as PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene capable of inhibiting progression of several cancers. One of the main and most common clinical manifestation of PHTS are gingival overgrowths presenting as warty lumps. The current study describes patients with gingival or mucosal enlargements leading to the diagnosis of PHTS associated to novel PTEN pathogenic variants. Patients referred to us for gingival lumps suggestive of PHTS associated overgrowths were submitted to genetic analysis in the PTEN gene. Two related and two unrelated patients were investigated. PTEN novel pathogenic variant was found in all of them. Two patients also fulfilled diagnostic criteria of Cowden syndrome (CS). Mucocutaneous lesions, and particularly diffuse gingival overgrowths, are both early and major clinical signs revealing a potential diagnosis of PHTS. Further genetic and clinical assessments are needed in order to confirm and clarify the diagnosis within the PHTS spectrum, including, among others, the CS. A correct interpretation of oral clinical features potentially associated to PHTS is mandatory for diagnosis and a surgical approach can be useful just in case of impairment of periodontal health or for aesthetic needs. The increased risk of malignancies associated to PHTS makes a correct diagnosis pivotal to set up an appropriate lifelong surveillance, aiming at secondary cancer prevention.
The Biot–Savart operator for application to knot theory, fluid dynamics, and plasma physics

The writhing number of a curve in 3-space is the standard measure of the extent to which the curve wraps and coils around itself; it has proved its importance for molecular biologists in the study of knotted DNA and of the enzymes which affect it. The helicity of a vector field defined on a domain in 3-space is the standard measure of the extent to which the field lines wrap and coil around one another; it plays important roles in fluid dynamics and plasma physics. The Biot–Savart operator associates with each current distribution on a given domain the restriction of its magnetic field to that domain. When the domain is simply connected, the divergence-free fields which are tangent to the boundary and which minimize energy for given helicity provide models for stable force-free magnetic fields in space and laboratory plasmas; these fields appear mathematically as the extreme eigenfields for an appropriate modification of the Biot–Savart operator. Information about these fields can be converted into bounds on the writhing number of a given piece of DNA. The purpose of this paper is to reveal new properties of the Biot–Savart operator which are useful in these applications.
HARD X-RAY AND MICROWAVE EMISSIONS FROM SOLAR FLARES WITH HARD SPECTRAL INDICES

We analyze 10 flare events that radiate intense hard X-ray (HXR) emission with significant photons over 300 keV to verify that the electrons that have a common origin of acceleration mechanism and energy power-law distribution with solar flares emit HXRs and microwaves. Most of these events have the following characteristics. HXRs emanate from the footpoints of flare loops, while microwaves emanate from the tops of flare loops. The time profiles of the microwave emission show delays of peak with respect to those of the corresponding HXR emission. The spectral indices of microwave emissions show gradual hardening in all events, while the spectral indices of the corresponding HXR emissions are roughly constant in most of the events, though rather rapid hardening is simultaneously observed in some for both indices during the onset time and the peak time. These characteristics suggest that the microwave emission emanates from the trapped electrons. Then, taking into account the role of the trapping of electrons for the microwave emission, we compare the observed microwave spectra with the model spectra calculated by a gyrosynchrotron code. As a result, we successfully reproduce the eight microwave spectra. From this result, we conclude that the electrons that have a common acceleration and a common energy distribution with solar flares emit both HXR and microwave emissions in the eight events, though microwave emission is contributed to by electrons with much higher energy than HXR emission.
Quality of Life Assessment of Chronic Otitis Media Patients Following Surgery

Chronic otitis media (COM) is a persistent inflammation of the middle ear. COM often requires surgical management and represents one of the most disabling pathologies in the field of otolaryngology, not only due to hearing loss but also because recurrent otorrhea seriously affects the quality of life (QoL) of patients. The COMOT-15 questionnaire is a reliable, valid and sensitive tool for measuring the QoL of patients with COM. The aim of this study was to evaluate QoL by using the Italian version of the COMOT-15 in COM patients undergoing surgery based on age and different operation techniques. This observational retrospective study involved fifty-two consecutive patients undergoing surgical treatment for COM according to Nadol criteria. Preoperatively (T0) and 12 months after surgery (T1) patients underwent clinical examination, imaging, the Italian version of the COMOT-15 and pure tone audiometry. After surgery, we observed an improvement of QoL in 84.6% of the population. The COMOT-15 overall score, ear symptoms and hearing subscores showed significantly better ratings after surgery in the whole analyzed group. However, the separate analysis of patients operated with open techniques and closed techniques showed a significant improvement in ear symptoms subscore in both groups and a significant improvement in hearing subscore and mental health subscore only in patients operated on with closed techniques. Moreover, we observed a positive correlation between age and Δ-COMOT. This study shows the crucial role of a reliable and suitable questionnaire such as the COMOT-15 in evaluating COM patients, including clinical symptoms, functional and psychological impairments and highlighting a positive correlation between age and COMOT-15 results.
Relationship between Physical Performance, Anthropometric Measurements and Stroke Velocity in Youth Tennis Players

Given that serve velocity has been identified as one of the most important components influencing performance in tennis, identifying the factors associated with serve velocity is crucial for coaches and athletes. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between physical performance, anthropometric characteristics and stroke velocity in youth tennis players. Twenty-seven youth players (male = 16, age = 15.69 ± 1.70 years; female = 11, age = 15.82 ± 1.40 years) underwent an anthropometric and physical performance assessment. On a tennis court, players were assessed for forehand, backhand and serve velocities. Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed that forehand velocity was significantly correlated with height (r = 0.58) and handgrip strength (right hand: r = 0.68; left hand: r = 0.57), whereas backhand velocity was significantly correlated with running time (r = 0.52) and handgrip strength (right hand: r = 0.67; left hand: r = 0.55) in males. Similarly, in males, serve velocity was significantly correlated with height (r = 0.60), running time (r = 0.62) and handgrip strength (right: r = 0.77, left hand: r = 0.71). In females, a significant correlation was only demonstrated between serve velocity and body weight (r = 0.69). These findings highlight that handgrip strength, running time and body height variables are positively associated with stroke velocities in male youth tennis players.
A STUDY OF OCT3/4 EXPRESSION IN HER2/NEU POSITIVE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS

Oct3/4 is found in germ cells is crucial to control pluripotency during normal development. There is mounting evidence for an association between Oct3/4 and carcinogenesis. Thus Oct3/4 immunohistochemistry has been found in studies to be a useful diagnostic technique for pluripotent germ-cell cancers, providing fresh insights into the cancer's histological heterogeneity. The aim is to study role of Oct3/4 expression in HER2/neu positive breast cancer patients. Paraffin embedded breast tumour tissues from 50 HER2/neu positive female breast cancer patients were enrolled in the study. Oct3/4 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry method and correlated with clinical and pathological parameters as well as disease status. Oct3/4 positivity was seen in 16% of HER2/neu positive breast cancer patients. No significant correlation of Oct3/4 expression with age, menopausal status, tumour size, histopathology, grade and BR score was observed. A trend of higher incidence of Oct3/4 expression was noted with lymph node positive (30%) than lymph node negative patients (07%). A significant higher incidence of Oct3/4 expression was noted in patients with advanced stage of disease (32%) as compared to patients with early stage of disease (04%) and in patients with relapse (44%) than patients in remission (10%). A significant higher incidence Oct3/4 expression was observed with respect to disease free survival in univariate survival analysis. In multivariate survival analysis, for disease free survival metastasis entered at step 1 and grade entered at step 2. For overall survival, metastasis is entered at step 1 as significant factor. The Oct3/4 gene expression may be implicated in self-renewal and tumorigenesis via activating its downstream target genes. It might serve as an important biomarker for contemplating the carcinogenesis, progression, metastasis, or invasive potential and prognosis of breast carcinoma. A larger prospective follow-up studies are recommended to further explore Oct3/4 significance.
Contact and Tribological Study of Micro/Nano Groove Texture on the Surface of Gas Bearing Materials Based on Nanoscale

As a kind of sliding bearing, the gas bearing is widely used in high-speed rotating machinery. It realizes energy cleaning in the field of high-speed rotating machinery. In order to solve the problem of reducing the service life of gas bearings due to friction during startup and shutdown, we use micromachining technology to process groove textures with different groove widths on the surface of 0Cr17Ni7Al, a common material for gas bearings. A ball–disc friction contrast test is conducted under dry friction conditions with and without texture. The experiment shows that the lowest average friction coefficient of 0.8 mm texture is σ = 0.745. When the friction radius is 22.5 mm, the wear rate of 1.0 mm texture is the lowest at ω = 3.118 × 10−4mm3/N·mm. However, the maximum friction coefficient reached is σ = 0.898. Under the nanometer scale, the contact between friction pairs is fully analyzed. The influence mechanism of different groove widths, friction impacts and climbing heights on the friction and wear properties of the micromechanical groove texture on the surface of 0Cr17Ni7Al stainless steel is studied at the nano-fractal scale. The effects of different width grooves on the surface texture and tribological properties of the micromachine are studied.
Evolution of time-symmetric gravitational waves: Initial data and apparent horizons

Initial data were constructed numerically representing pure gravitational radiation with no sources of wormholes, under the conditions of time symmetry, axisymmetry, vacuum, and no rotation. The constraints were solved by making a conformal transformation on a base metric and solving the scale equation for the conformal factor. The initial data contains a black hole if the amplitude of the waves is sufficiently strong. The locations of apparent horizons were found for several such amplitudes. At a critical amplitude the throat pinches off and the geometry becomes singular.
On Cauchy-Liouville-Mirimanoff polynomials II

: The main result of [23] on the non-existence of low-degree irreducible factors of the Cauchy-Liouville-Mirimanoﬀ polynomials E p ( x ) for primes p ≡ 2 (mod 3) is extended to a similar result for p ≡ 1 (mod 3) . We also give a partial result on the existence of higher-degree irreducible factors.
AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENT BOREDOM LEARNING DURING THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL JAKARTA, INDONESIA

Almost all sectors of life have felt the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Education is one of the sectors that feel the effect. Schools conduct distance learning to minimize the spread of the COVID-19 virus. As a result, many students experience various emotions, one of which is boredom. This study analyzes learning boredom between male and female elementary school students in Jakarta, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with data in the form of a closed questionnaire where respondents are given five alternative answers. Furthermore, it is investigated whether there is a difference in boredom between men and women. This research was conducted with 23 male students and 20 female students in elementary school. The results showed boredom in male and female students caused by psychological factors, situational factors, and cultural factors. There are differences in learning boredom between male and female students, but not statistically significant. Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; distance learning; boredom learning; elementary school.
THIRD MOMENTS AND THE ROLE OF ANISOTROPY FROM VELOCITY SHEAR IN THE SOLAR WIND

We have extended the recent analyses of magnetohydrodynamic third moments as they relate to the turbulent energy cascade in the solar wind to consider the effects of large-scale shear flows. Moments from a large set of Advanced Composition Explorer data have been taken, and chosen data intervals are characterized by the rate of change in the solar wind speed. Mean dissipation rates are obtained in accordance with the predictions of homogeneous shear-driven turbulence. Agreement with predictions is best made for rarefaction intervals where the solar wind speed is decreasing with time. For decreasing speed intervals, we find that the dissipation rates increase with increasing shear magnitude and that the shear-induced fluctuation anisotropy is consistent with a relatively small amount.
Nanotherapy: New Approach for Impeding Hepatic Cancer Microenvironment via Targeting Multiple Molecular Pathways

Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment has been recognized as a key contributor for cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. The crosstalk between tumor cells, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) signaling networks mediates immunoinhibitory impact and facilitates tumor angiogenesis. The current investigation aimed at exploring the potent anti-cancer activity of the newly designed nano-based anti-cancer therapy comprising anti-VEGF drug, avastin (AV), and CCR2 antagonist (CR) to counteract HCC and tracking its mode of action in vivo. Methods: The prepared AV, CR, and AVCR nanoprototypes were characterized by nanoscale characterization techniques in our previous work. Here, they are applied for unearthing their anti-cancer properties / mechanisms in hepatic cancer-induced rats via analyzing protein levels and genetic expression of the elements incorporated in the angiogenesis, apoptosis, and metastasis signalling pathways. Results: The present results revealed a significant down-regulation in the angiogenesis, survival and metastasis indices along with up-regulation in the pro-apoptotic mediators upon treatment of hepatic cancer-bearing rats with the novel synthesized nanomaterials when compared with the untreated counterparts. We showed across HCC model that anti-VEGF in combination with CCR2 antagonism therapy leads to sensitization and enhanced tumor response over anti-VEGF or CCR2 antagonism monotherapy, particularly in its nanoscale formulation. Conclusion: The present approach provides new mechanistic insights into the powerful anti-hepatic cancer advantage of the novel nanoprototypes which is correlated with modulating critical signal transduction pathways implicated in tumor microenviroment such as angiogenesis, apoptosis and metastasis. This research work presents a substantial foundation for future studies focused on prohibiting cancer progression and recovery by targeting tumor microenviroment.
The unsteady motion of a drop moving vertically under gravity

The unsteady flow field pertaining to a drop moving vertically under gravity is obtained from the Stokes equations applicable to low-Reynolds-number flow. A proof is given that there is no variation in the normal stress over the drop surface. In consequence unsteadily moving drops remain spherical, subject only to the criterion of low Reynolds number. Numerical results are presented for a water drop moving through air. A small-time analysis of the motion provides a comparison between the motion of any drop, or bubble, with that of the presented water-drop solution.
Mission Functionality for Deflecting Earth-Crossing Asteroids/Comets

Using astrometric interferometry on near-Earth objects (NEOs) poses many interesting and difficult challenges. Poor reflectance properties and potentially no significant active emissions lead to NEOs having intrinsically low visual magnitudes. Using worst case estimates for signal reflection properties leads to NEOs having visual magnitudes of 27 and higher. Today the most sensitive interferometers in operation have limiting magnitudes of 20 or less. The main reason for this limit is due to the atmosphere, where turbulence affects the light coming from the target, limiting the sensitivity of the interferometer. In this analysis, the interferometer designs assume no atmosphere, meaning they would be placed at a location somewhere in space. Interferometer configurations and operational uncertainties are looked at in order to parameterize the requirements necessary to achieve measurements of low visual magnitude NEOs. This analysis provides a preliminary estimate of what will be required in order to take high resolution measurements of these objects using interferometry techniques.
Case Influence on the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient Estimate

1Departement de Biostatistique et Informatique Medicale, H6pital Saint-Louis, I avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475, Paris Cedex 10, France 2Epidemiologie et Sciences de l'Information, INSERM U444, Institut federatif Saint-Antoine de recherches sur la sante, 27 rue de Chaligny, 75571, Paris Cedex 12, France 3Departement de Biomathematiques, SIM, INSERM U436, CHU Pitie-Salpetriere, 91 bd de 1'H6pital, 75634, Paris Cedex 13, France
Sleep Disturbances and Depression Associated With Cognitive Function As Well As Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults With Very Mild to Mild Dementia

Objective: The present study compared cognitive function and the ability to perform daily activities in subjects with very mild to mild dementia, classified by the presence or absence of sleep disturbances and depression. Methods: A total of 1,188 psychiatric outpatients (457 males and 731 females, mean age=74.65±5.83 years) were recruited. Sleep disturbances were measured by the Korean version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and depression was measured by the Korean Geriatric Depression Scale. Cognitive function was assessed using the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), immediate recall, delayed recall, and verbal fluency. The ability to perform daily tasks was measured by the Seoul-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (S-IADL). Results: Participants with both sleep disturbances and depression as well as those with depression only had significantly lower K-MMSE, immediate and delayed recall, and verbal fluency scores and higher S-IADL scores than the normal group. Also, those with both sleep disturbances and depression showed the highest S-IADL scores among groups. However, there were no significant differences between subjects with sleep disturbances only and the normal group in all cognitive functional areas and S-IADL. Conclusion: The present study found the differences in cognitive function and the ability to perform daily tasks among patients with mild dementia according to their sleep disturbances and depression. Our findings suggest that depression has stronger associations with cognitive and functional decline in older adults than sleep disturbances.
Direct tip-sample interaction force control for the dynamic mode atomic force microscopy

A control method, in which the tip-sample interaction force of each tapping cycle is directly regulated, is proposed for dynamic mode atomic force microscopy. It does not rely on the steady-state relationship between the cantilever’s oscillation amplitude and tip-to-sample distance, and therefore the cantilever’s transient dynamics and the time delay of rms-dc converter are irrelevant. Experimental results clearly demonstrate that the proposed method regulates the tip-sample interaction force for each tapping cycle and time delay effect is eliminated. Computer simulations also show that the proposed method reconstructs a step change in topography within two tapping cycles, independent of the cantilever’s transient dynamics.
Ultrasensitive Optical Fingerprinting of Biorelevant Molecules by Means of SERS-Mapping on Nanostructured Metasurfaces

The most relevant technique for portable (on-chip) sensors is Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). This strategy crashes in the case of large (biorelevant) molecules and nano-objects, whose SERS spectra are irreproducible for “homeopathic” concentrations. We suggested solving this problem by SERS-mapping. We analyzed the distributions of SERS parameters for relatively “small” (malachite green (MG)) and “large” (phthalocyanine, H2Pc*) molecules. While fluctuations of spectra for “small” MG were negligible, noticeable distribution of spectra was observed for “large” H2Pc*. We show that the latter is due to a random arrangement of molecules with respect to “hot spot” areas, which have limited sizes, thus amplifying the lines corresponding to vibrations of different molecule parts. We have developed a method for engineering low-cost SERS substrates optimized for the best enhancement efficiency and a measurement protocol to obtain a reliable Raman spectrum, even for a countable number of large molecules randomly distributed over the substrate.