Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Priming Potato Plants with Melatonin Protects Stolon Formation under Delayed Salt Stress by Maintaining the Photochemical Function of Photosystem II, Ionic Homeostasis and Activating the Antioxidant System

Melatonin is among one of the promising agents able to protect agricultural plants from the adverse action of different stressors, including salinity. We aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin priming (0.1, 1.0 and 10 µM) on salt-stressed potato plants (125 mM NaCl), by studying the growth parameters, photochemical activity of photosystem II, water status, ion content and antioxidant system activity. Melatonin as a pleiotropic signaling molecule was found to decrease the negative effect of salt stress on stolon formation, tissue water content and ion status without a significant effect on the expression of Na+/H+-antiporter genes localized on the vacuolar (NHX1 to NHX3) and plasma membrane (SOS1). Melatonin effectively decreases the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in potato leaves in the whole range of concentrations studied. A melatonin-induced dose-dependent increase in Fv/Fm together with a decrease in uncontrolled non-photochemical dissipation Y(NO) also indicates decreased oxidative damage. The observed protective ability of melatonin was unlikely due to its influence on antioxidant enzymes, since neither SOD nor peroxidase were activated by melatonin. Melatonin exerted positive effects on the accumulation of water-soluble low-molecular-weight antioxidants, proline and flavonoids, which could aid in decreasing oxidative stress. The most consistent positive effect was observed on the accumulation of carotenoids, which are well-known lipophilic antioxidants playing an important role in the protection of photosynthesis from oxidative damage. Finally, it is possible that melatonin accumulated during pretreatment could exert direct antioxidative effects due to the ROS scavenging activity of melatonin molecules.
Hydroperoxidation of Docosahexaenoic Acid by Human ALOX12 and pigALOX15-mini-LOX

Human lipoxygenase 12 (hALOX12) catalyzes the conversion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into mainly 14S-hydroperoxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,12E,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (14S-H(p)DHA). This hydroperoxidation reaction is followed by an epoxidation and hydrolysis process that finally leads to maresin 1 (MaR1), a potent bioactive specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) in chronic inflammation resolution. By combining docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations, we have computed the potential energy profile of DHA hydroperoxidation in the active site of hALOX12. Our results describe the structural evolution of the molecular system at each step of this catalytic reaction pathway. Noteworthy, the required stereospecificity of the reaction leading to MaR1 is explained by the configurations adopted by DHA bound to hALOX12, along with the stereochemistry of the pentadienyl radical formed after the first step of the mechanism. In pig lipoxygenase 15 (pigALOX15-mini-LOX), our calculations suggest that 14S-H(p)DHA can be formed, but with a stereochemistry that is inadequate for MaR1 biosynthesis.
Response of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) to Bio-stimulants in Relation to Growth, Yield and Quality

Field experiment was conducted during December 2018 to April 2019 at the Student’s farm, Department of Agriculture Science & Rural Development, Loyola Academy degree and pg college, Secunderabad to find out the effect of bio-stimulants on growth and yield of Brinjal var. Utkarsha. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) and the treatments comprised of: T1- Folicist @ 3 ml l-1, T2 – Fylloton @ 3 ml l-1, T3 – Globalga @ 3 ml l-1, T4 – Tata Bahar @ 2.5 ml l-1, T5 – Neo-Alpha @ 2.5 ml l-1, T6 – Daiwik @ 2.5 ml l-1, T7 – Recommended dose of NPK alone and T8 – control. Biostimulants were applied as foliar spray at pre-flowering, flowering and fruit setting stages. From the results of the experiment, it was observed that all the growth parameters i.e., plant height (92 cm), number of branches (12 plant-1) and number of leaves (38 plant-1) were significantly increased by the application of folicist @ 3.0 ml l-1 and it was at par with tata bahar @ 2.5 ml l-1. Same treatment also resulted significant increase in terms of number of flowers (68 plant-1), number of fruits (29 plant-1). The fruit length (7.8 cm), fruit diameter (8.35 cm), average fruit weight (90 g fruit-1), fruit yield (2.55 kg plant-1) were recorded in foliar application of folicist @ 3 ml l-1 and it was onpar with foliar application of tata bahar 2.5 ml l-1. The lowest values of growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were observed in control (T8). From the present study it can be concluded that application of folicist @ 3.0 ml l-1 will fetch the remuneration to the farmers.
A study on characteristics of improved perpendicular recording write head with large-scale head model

By using a large-scale write head model for perpendicular recording the relations of the peak value (Hyp) of the perpendicular write field component and the spatial resolution of the field distribution in X-direction with dimensions of the head model have been studied. The calculated results from a reluctance model are also presented to explain the measured results.
Solving the Cardiac Bidomain Equations for

Fast simulations of cardiac electrical phenomena demand fast matrix solvers for both the elliptic and parabolic parts of the bidomain equations. It is well known that fast matrix solvers for the elliptic part must address multiple physical scales in order to show robust behavior. Recent research on finding the proper solution method for the bidomain equations has addressed this issue whereby multigrid preconditioned conjugate gradients has been used as a solver. In this paper, a more robust multigrid method, called Black Box Multigrid, is presented as an alternative to conventional geometric multigrid, and the effect of disconti- nuities on solver performance for the elliptic and parabolic part is investigated. Test problems with discontinuities arising from inserted plunge electrodes and naturally occurring myocardial discontinuities are considered. For these problems, we explore the advantages to using a more advanced multigrid method like Black Box Multigrid over conventional geometric multigrid. Results will indicate that for certain discontinuous bidomain problems Black Box Multigrid provides 60% faster simulations than using con- ventional geometric multigrid. Also, for the problems examined, it will be shown that a direct usage of conventional multigrid leads to faster simulations than an indirect usage of conventional multigrid as a preconditioner unless there are sharp discontinuities.
One‐bit wideband reconfigurable reflectarray with stable beam‐scanning gain for X‐band application

A wideband and electrically reconfigurable reflectarray (RRA) is presented for X‐band application. The unit cell is composed of two heterogeneous resonators, that is, a split resonator ring and a metallic patch, and two positive‐intrinsic‐negative (PIN) diodes integrated between these two resonators. A bias circuit on the bottom layer is designed to achieve the switching of the two states via properly placing the PIN diodes on the resonators with minimal electric field. One‐bit phase quantization is obtained by switching two different resonant mode via controlling the ON or OFF state of two PIN diodes. The simulated results show that the proposed unit cell can achieve one‐bit phase quantization with 180° ± 20° and reflection coefficients of ‐1 dB from 9.5 to 10.8 GHz, corresponding relative bandwidth of 12.81%. In addition, a fully functional 12 × 12 RRA fed by a linearly polarized horn is theoretically designed, simulated, and fabricated. The measured results show that the main beam can be steered from −50° to +50° at operating frequency, for example, 10.1 GHz with 1.5 dB gain loss within the scanning range and 20.34% aperture efficiency. In addition, the measured average gain is about 17.5 dBi and 3 dB gain bandwidth is about 15.68% from 9.4 to 11 GHz. In virtue of wide bandwidth, stable radiation gain, and good beam scanning capability, the proposed RRA is promising for future wireless communication and radar.
Design and Assessment of a Planar Inductor for a 32-kW High Power Density DC–DC Converter

A uniform-flux inductor (UFI) design strategy is described in this article to improve the gravimetric power density of the common inductor of a 32-kW, 350-V dual-interleaved buck–boost dc–dc converter. The strategy consists of an unusual, enclosed winding arrangement that virtually distributes the core magnetic flux density outcoming in a more compact inductor. The resultant common inductor’s weight and volume are reduced by 41% and 24%, respectively, and the power density is increased to 7.9 kW/kg. A COMSOL multiphysics finite-element software (COMSOL) numerical prediction confirms almost uniform flux density distribution along the magnetic core axes. Estimation of the inductance, power losses, and thermal behavior is also analyzed. Construction assessment is described for a 7- $\mu \mathrm {H}$ , 150-kHz, 180-A inductor, which is experimentally verified in a 350-V, 32-kW prototype. The experiments reveal that the built UFI properly operates ensuring both electrical and thermal stability.
Distance matrices and modified cyclic projections for molecular conformation

Biological compounds exhibit extraordinary functional specificity as a consequence of their precise spatial structure. Two signal recovery algorithms for computing molecular structure from noisy measurements of interatomic distances are presented. The problem is formulated as the minimization of a quadratic cost over the intersection of constraint sets. In a broader signal recovery context, a technique is utilized for iteratively computing the unique projection onto an intersection of closed convex sets, and the simplification possible with an appropriate choice of norm, despite a nonconvex constraint set, is illustrated. <<ETX>>
Energy Absorption and Ballistic Performance of Epoxy Composite Reinforced with Arapaima Scales

Arapaima scales possess a hierarchical structure capable of absorbing a considerable amount of energy before fracture. These natural dermal armors present significant potential in the sustainable development of cost-effective composites. This work aimed, for the first time, to analyze the impact resistance and ballistic performance of arapaima scale-reinforced epoxy composites and their potential application in multilayered armor systems (MAS). Composite plates were prepared with 20%, 30%, and 40 vol% of arapaima scales. Composite specimens were subjected to notched Izod impact and residual velocity stand-alone tests and their MAS through backface signature (BFS) tests, with their fracture surfaces studied using SEM. The Izod tests confirmed the effect of scales’ volume fraction on the energy absorbed by the composites, showing an increase with volume fraction. Residual velocity tests showed that composites with 30 vol% of scales resulted in the most significant improvement in absorbed energy. All MAS formulations presented BFS depths lower than the trauma limit specified by the NIJ standard. Fractographic analysis showed that the scales’ toughening mechanisms improved the composites’ energy absorption capacity. The experimental results substantiate the potential use of arapaima scales as a reinforcement agent in polymeric composites, with 30 vol% being the optimal volume fraction for energy-absorbing applications.
Rural–Urban Disparities in Patient Care Experiences among Prostate Cancer Survivors: A SEER-CAHPS Study

Simple Summary Rural residence has been associated with poor access to healthcare and accordingly lower odds of receiving definitive treatment. Patient care experiences are important indicators of the quality of care delivered and are highly valued by patients. Although rural–urban disparities in prostate cancer care are evident, it is unknown how these disparities are associated with PCEs among PCa survivors. In this retrospective cohort study, which included 3379 older PCa survivors at intermediate-to-high risk of disease progression, we evaluated the rural–urban differences in patient care experiences according to receipt of definitive treatment. We found rural PCa survivors were less likely to receive treatment. Treated rural PCa survivors reported better access to care, while untreated rural PCa survivors reported poorer care access and experiences compared to their large metro counterparts. We also explored rural–urban disparities in receipt of definitive treatment across different geographic regions. This study highlights the importance of conducting subgroup analysis to uncover any important heterogeneous care experiences among cancer survivors. Abstract Background: We sought to evaluate rural–urban disparities in patient care experiences (PCEs) among localized prostate cancer (PCa) survivors at intermediate-to-high risk of disease progression. Methods: Using 2007–2015 Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data linked to Medicare Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) surveys, we analyzed survivors’ first survey ≥6 months post-diagnosis. Covariate adjusted linear regressions were used to estimate associations of treatment status (definitive treatment vs. none) and residence (large metro vs. metro vs. rural) with PCE composite and rating measures. Results: Among 3779 PCa survivors, 1798 (53.2%) and 370 (10.9%) resided in large metro and rural areas, respectively; more rural (vs. large metro) residents were untreated (21.9% vs. 16.7%; p = 0.017). Untreated (vs. treated) PCa survivors reported lower scores for doctor communication (ß = −2.0; p = 0.022), specialist rating (ß = −2.5; p = 0.008), and overall care rating (ß = −2.4; p = 0.006). While treated rural survivors gave higher (ß = 3.6; p = 0.022) scores for obtaining needed care, untreated rural survivors gave lower scores for obtaining needed care (ß = −7.0; p = 0.017) and a lower health plan rating (ß = −7.9; p = 0.003) compared to their respective counterparts in large metro areas. Conclusions: Rural PCa survivors are less likely to receive treatment. Rural–urban differences in PCEs varied by treatment status.
Lithium Fluoride Thermoluminescent Responses to Neutrons

Two different types of commercial lithium fluoride phosphors in powder form, Con-Rad type N and type 7, have been systematically studied according to their reactions with different neutron energies which range from thermal to 14 Mev. Special efforts have been made to investigate the half life of isothermal decay, the order of kinetics, frequency factor, trap depth, probability factor, and the dosimetry prospect. The study of kinetics of thermoluminescent decay is based on the first-order and second-order kinetics and also on the experiments of isothermal decay and the glow curve analysis from which the parameters such as the frequency factor, s; the trap depth, E; the probability factor, pi, are derived. Comparison is made with the work of other investigators who have derived methods to determine the values of E and s. The experimental results show that type N LiF has a relatively deep trap distribution, while type 7 LiF has a rather shallow trap distribution. This indicates that the order of kinetics for type NI LiF seems to be second order while that for type 7 LiF is most likely first order. Type NJ LiF has a cross section of 71 barns for thermal neutrons. Through the reaction Li6(n, ? ) H3, type N LiF can be applied in thermal neutron dosimetry. Followqing Cameron's mathematical model, a definite relationship betwieen neutron fluence and thermoluminescence response has been obtained. Type 7 LiF is a prospective material for fast neutron dosimetry.
Multi‐
 plant
 coordination in the U.S. beef packing industry

U.S. beef packers openly began employing multi-plant coordination during the last decade. This paper adapts the Salop Circular City framework to demonstrate that beef packers effectively implementing multi-plant coordination can eliminate intra-firm forces causing correlation between downstream beef prices and upstream fed cattle prices. Taken together with market concentration, geography and transportation cost effects, alternative marketing arrangements, and cattle cycles and related beef packer capacity utilization, multi-plant coordination helps explain farm-to-wholesale beef price spreads that remain wide absent any obvious market shocks. Such beef price spread behavior has been observed in 2021, during which beef prices have been seemingly unhinged from fed cattle prices. We further demonstrate that adding a single strategically-located packing plant, owned by a different firm, can restore the correlation between beef prices and fed cattle prices. Overall, our results have implications for current policy and industry deliberations and also suggest avenues for future research.
Data quality and associated factors of routine health information system among health centers of West Gojjam Zone, northwest Ethiopia, 2021

Background Data quality is a multidimensional term that includes accuracy, precision, completeness, timeliness, integrity, and confidentiality. The quality of data generated by a routine health information system (RHIS) is still very poor in low- and middle-income countries. There is a paucity of studies as to what determines data quality in health facilities in the study area. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the magnitude of the quality of routine health information system data and its determinants among health centers. Methods A facility-based quantitative study design triangulated by the qualitative method was conducted. A total of 314 health professionals from 32 health centers were selected using a simple random sampling procedure. Data were gathered using a standardized checklist, interviewer-administered questionnaires, and key informant interview guidelines. Descriptive statistics were used to describe variables and binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with data quality using STATA version 14. Variables with p-value <0.25 in the bivariate analysis were entered to a multivariable logistic regression analysis. P-values <0.05 at 95% confidence intervals (CI) were taken to be statistically significant. A manual analysis was conducted for the qualitative data collected from purposively selected key informants. Results The study found that the overall data quality at the health centers of West Gojjam Zone was 74% (95% CI 68–78). The complexity of the routine health information system format [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.8; 95% CI 1.7–8.5], problem-solving skills for RHIS tasks (AOR 2.8; 95% CI 1.2–6.4), and knowing duties, roles, and responsibilities were significantly associated with data quality (AOR 12; 95% CI 5.6–25.8), and lack of human resources, poor feedback mechanisms, delay in completing data records, lack of data use, and inadequate training on health information systems were barriers affecting data quality. Conclusions The level of data quality among public health centers in the Amhara region was lower than expected at the national level.
Insisting with mask or demanding for more: plights of the transmission of airborne diseases

Airborne transmission is worldwide popular topic with numerous discussion and researches since influenza pandemic could cost the global economy a lot. In this part of research, we mainly focus on the mechanisms of airborne transmission, together with some determinant factors that influence the spread of aerosols like temperature, humidity and particle size. Finally with several existed cases, insisting masks wearing, especially with three-layer masks wearing are necessary in nowadays for efficiently preventing the transmission of airborne diseases up to 90%. Other possible infection control measures like 2m social distancing are also needed as hygiene measures.
Nonlinear problem of flat-plate entry into an incompressible liquid

The self-similar flow and free-surface shape induced by a flat plate entering an inviscid and incompressible liquid are investigated for arbitrary initial conditions. An analytical solution, which is based on two governing expressions, namely the complex velocity and the derivative of the complex potential, is obtained. These expressions are derived in an auxiliary parameter plane using integral formulae proposed for the determination of an analytical function from its modulus and argument given on the boundary of the parameter region. We derive a system of an integral and an integro-differential equation in terms of the velocity modulus and the velocity angle at the free surface, which are determined by the dynamic and kinematic boundary conditions. A numerical procedure for solving these equations is carefully validated by comparisons with results available in the literature. The results are presented in terms of the free surface shape, the angles at the tip of the splash jet, the contact angles at the intersection with the plate surface, pressure distribution and force coefficients. New features caused by the flow unsteadiness are found and discussed.
Characterization of Rain Attenuation in 80–200 GHz From Experimental Drop Size Distributions

The use of frequencies well into the extra high frequency (EHF) band (30–300 GHz) is a key element in 5G and beyond technologies. Rain attenuation is the major impairment affecting terrestrial radio links in this band. In the absence of enough experimental measurements, rain attenuation can be estimated by using physical models of radiowave scattering in raindrops combined with information about the raindrop size distributions (DSD). In this work, the characterization of rain attenuation in the 80–200 GHz frequency range is carried out from a large database of 12 years of experimental DSD gathered in Madrid, Spain. Rain attenuation is estimated for each collected minute of rain using two approaches: a first one based on the assumption of raindrops as spherical and the application of the Mie theory, and a second one that uses a non-spherical raindrop model and electromagnetic simulations and is consequently more realistic. The main results show that the currently used International Telecommunications Union-Radiocommunications Sector (ITU-R) model generally underestimates rain-specific attenuation; the influence of polarization becomes smaller and negligible as the frequency approaches 200 GHz; and rain-specific attenuation significantly varies due to the spread of the DSD. Moreover, a model for this variability of rain attenuation is also proposed.
The Rain Profiling Algorithm Applied to Polarimetric Weather Radar

Abstract The algorithm developed in this paper for ground-based polarimetric radars is derived from those used for the spaceborne rain radar of TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission)—the so-called rain profiling algorithms. The characteristic of this type of algorithm is to be nonlocal, that is, the full rain profile along the radar beam is derived from the reflectivity profile. However, to be stable such algorithms require an external constraint. In TRMM, the constraint is the total path attenuation derived from the observation of the ocean surface, which is used as a reference target. In the present algorithm, the external constraint is provided by the differential phase shift ΦDP between H and V polarizations. This is the reason for calling this new algorithm ZPHI. The inverse model on which ZPHI is based is a set of three power law relationships between A and Ze, KDP and A, and R and A, respectively (A, specific attenuation; Ze, equivalent reflectivity; R, rainfall rate). Each of these relations.