Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Relationships Between Depressive Symptom Severity and Phone-Measured Mobility: Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling Study

Background The mobility of an individual measured by phone-collected location data has been found to be associated with depression; however, the longitudinal relationships (the temporal direction of relationships) between depressive symptom severity and phone-measured mobility have yet to be fully explored. Objective We aimed to explore the relationships and the direction of the relationships between depressive symptom severity and phone-measured mobility over time. Methods Data used in this paper came from a major EU program, called the Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse–Major Depressive Disorder, which was conducted in 3 European countries. Depressive symptom severity was measured with the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) through mobile phones every 2 weeks. Participants’ location data were recorded by GPS and network sensors in mobile phones every 10 minutes, and 11 mobility features were extracted from location data for the 2 weeks prior to the PHQ-8 assessment. Dynamic structural equation modeling was used to explore the longitudinal relationships between depressive symptom severity and phone-measured mobility. Results This study included 2341 PHQ-8 records and corresponding phone-collected location data from 290 participants (age: median 50.0 IQR 34.0, 59.0) years; of whom 215 (74.1%) were female, and 149 (51.4%) were employed. Significant negative correlations were found between depressive symptom severity and phone-measured mobility, and these correlations were more significant at the within-individual level than the between-individual level. For the direction of relationships over time, Homestay (time at home) (φ=0.09, P=.01), Location Entropy (time distribution on different locations) (φ=−0.04, P=.02), and Residential Location Count (reflecting traveling) (φ=0.05, P=.02) were significantly correlated with the subsequent changes in the PHQ-8 score, while changes in the PHQ-8 score significantly affected (φ=−0.07, P<.001) the subsequent periodicity of mobility. Conclusions Several phone-derived mobility features have the potential to predict future depression, which may provide support for future clinical applications, relapse prevention, and remote mental health monitoring practices in real-world settings.
Hemorrhagic Resuscitation Guided by Viscoelastography in Far-Forward Combat and Austere Civilian Environments: Goal-Directed Whole-Blood and Blood-Component Therapy Far from the Trauma Center

Modern approaches to resuscitation seek to bring patient interventions as close as possible to the initial trauma. In recent decades, fresh or cold-stored whole blood has gained widespread support in multiple settings as the best first agent in resuscitation after massive blood loss. However, whole blood is not a panacea, and while current guidelines promote continued resuscitation with fixed ratios of blood products, the debate about the optimal resuscitation strategy—especially in austere or challenging environments—is by no means settled. In this narrative review, we give a brief history of military resuscitation and how whole blood became the mainstay of initial resuscitation. We then outline the principles of viscoelastic hemostatic assays as well as their adoption for providing goal-directed blood-component therapy in trauma centers. After summarizing the nascent research on the strengths and limitations of viscoelastic platforms in challenging environmental conditions, we conclude with our vision of how these platforms can be deployed in far-forward combat and austere civilian environments to maximize survival.
Experimental and Numerical Studies on Highly Loaded Supersonic Axial Turbine Cascades

For the small to medium thrust range of modern aero engines, highly loaded single stage HP turbines facilitate an attractive alternative to a more conventional 2-stage HPT architecture. Whereas the potential benefits of reductions in component length and part count, hence, in weight and cost do motivate their application, the related risks are in maintaining associated losses of supersonic flows at low values as well as managing the interaction losses between HPT and the downstream sub-component to arrive at competitive levels of component efficiencies. This paper focuses on fundamental aerodynamic concept studies and related cascade experiments in support of a future highly loaded high-pressure turbine architecture. Starting with some general remarks on low-loss supersonic aerodynamic concepts for high-pressure turbines, results from development efforts towards 2D airfoil concepts viable for high-pressure turbine airfoils are shown. In particular, CFD based design approaches are compared against experimental data taken at DLR Gottingen in un-cooled cascade tests and at engine representative levels of Mach and Reynolds numbers. For the airfoils investigated, it turns out that there is indeed a supersonic Mach number range were loss levels are comparable to high Mach number subsonic values, thereby enabling a competitive aerodynamic design concept for a 3D high-pressure turbine stage
Outline of the Geology of the Himalaya

The paper characterises the stratigraphic-structural units of the Himalaya, which are continuous throughout the length of this mountain chain. The latter does not exclude certain facies changes giving individual features to some regions. In a special chapter various problems of Himalayan geology are dealt with: Geosynclinal development, existence of Caledonian orogeny, age of the Lesser Himalayan succession almost devoid of fossils, and the age of the Crystalline complex. The history of the Himalayan orogenesis is deduced from the stratigraphic-tectonic development. Finally the Himalaya is shown in the light of plate tectonics and related problems are discussed. Zusammenfassung Dem vorgesehenen Umfang der Arbeit entsprechend werden die Baueinheiten des Himalaya in knapper Form nach Material und Tektonik charakterisiert. In Text und Karte wird nach einer moglichst einheitlichen Darstellung gestrebt. Die Tertiar-Zone wird von gefalteten klastischen Serien der mio-pleistozanen Vorsenke aufgebaut. An der Main Boundary Thrust bzw. Murree Thrust uberfahren die alteren Serien (Prakambr.-Unt. Mioz.) des Niederen Himalaya die Tertiar-Zone. Sie zeigen einheitliche, meist fossilleere Schichtfolge, aber mit faziesmasiger Differen­ zierung. Die Parautochthone Einheit, die sudlichste und tiefste Einheit, zeigt vorwiegend Falten- und Schuppenbau, der sich deutlich von den meist flach gelagerten Decken abhebt. Die Simla- und Rukum-Decken sind unzusam­ menhangende Abscherungsdecken, die sich von der Parautochthonen Einheit durch starkere Deformation und leichte Metamorphose unterscheiden. Die Chail-Decken bestehen aus aufrechten, epimetamorphen Serien in tektonischer Wiederholung. Die tiefste Untereinheit ist parautochthon, die hoheren sind echte Decken. Die Einheiten des Hohen Himalaya folgen zunachst mit den Kristallin-Decken, welche die Zentralzone bilden und als z. T. sehr ausgedehnte Deckschollen im Niederen Himalaya auftreten. Die Untere Kristallin-D ecke stellt eine etwas schwacher metamorphe Basisschuppe dar. Die Obere Kristallin-D ecke besteht aus der hochmetamorphen (oberste Amphibolit-Faz.) und migmatisierten Hauptmasse
Alteration in Activity Patterns of Cows as a Result of Pain Due to Health Conditions

Simple Summary There are several conditions and diseases considered painful to cattle. One reason for the inconsistency in pain recognition and thus pain relief in cattle is the inadequate ability to identify and assess pain. In fact, both increased and/or reduced daily lying time can be indicative of pain in cattle. This review helps to properly interpret pain in cows through behavioural activity patterns and explores whether pain relief is capable to restore their normal activity. Abstract The main conditions and diseases considered painful in dairy cows are mastitis, lameness, calving (including dystocia and caesarean section) and metritis. The cattle literature reports that deviation from normal daily activity patterns (both increased and/or reduced daily lying time) can be indicative of painful conditions and diseases in cows. This narrative review discusses on how pain due to several health conditions in dairy cows modifies its activity pattern and explores if non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are capable of restoring it. Divergent outcomes may differ depending upon the painful cause, the severity and the moment, and consequently its interpretation should be properly explained. For instance, cows with clinical mastitis reduced their time lying and increased the number of lying bouts and stepping due to pain caused by the swollen udder when cows are lying. However, lame cows show longer lying times, with a lower number of lying bouts and longer and more variable lying bouts duration, as compared to non-lame cows. When the relationship between painful disorders and daily activity patterns is studied, factors such as parity, bedding type and severity of disease are important factors to take into consideration. The potential benefits of the NSAIDs treatment in painful health disorders depend upon the type of drug administered, its dosage and administration mode, and the time of administration relative to the painful health disorder. This narrative review can be used as a tool to properly interpret and grade pain in cows through behavioural activity patterns and proposes directions for future investigations.
Vegetation regeneration on natural terrain landslides in Hong Kong: Direct seeding of native species as a restoration tool

Landslides are common in tropical and subtropical regions with hilly terrains and heavy rainstorms, and can cause significant economic, ecological, and social impacts. Natural forest succession is usually slow on landslides due to poor soil structure and lack of woody plant seeds, and often comes with a higher risk of repeated landslides. Active forest restoration has been increasingly suggested as an effective alternative to restore exposed landslide scars. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of using different seed coatings and surface soil treatments on seed germination and seedling establishment of pioneer and late‐successional tree species on landslide scars in Hong Kong. Our results show that biochar‐dominant seed coating boosted seed germination rate by an additional 9.33% (Standard error = 0.04), while clay‐dominant seed coating did not show significant effects. The effects on seedling survival were not significant in both seed coating and surface soil treatments. Our results also show that large seed and later successional species have significantly higher germination rates than pioneer species and are able to successfully establish on landslide sites. These results suggest that direct seeding using a biochar seed coat with large seeds or late‐successional species is a useful method to enhance tree seed germination—an essential first step to restore the forests after landslide disturbances, with potential to be extended to other humid tropical and subtropical forests.
Viscoelastic properties of suspended cells measured with shear flow deformation cytometry

Numerous cell functions are accompanied by phenotypic changes in viscoelastic properties, and measuring them can help elucidate higher-level cellular functions in health and disease. We present a high-throughput, simple and low-cost microfluidic method for quantitatively measuring the elastic (storage) and viscous (loss) modulus of individual cells. Cells are suspended in a high-viscosity fluid and are pumped with high pressure through a 5.8 cm long and 200 µm wide microfluidic channel. The fluid shear stress induces large, near ellipsoidal cell deformations. In addition, the flow profile in the channel causes the cells to rotate in a tank-treading manner. From the cell deformation and tank treading frequency, we extract the frequency-dependent viscoelastic cell properties based on a theoretical framework developed by R. Roscoe1 that describes the deformation of a viscoelastic sphere in a viscous fluid under steady laminar flow. We confirm the accuracy of the method using atomic force microscopy-calibrated polyacrylamide beads and cells. Our measurements demonstrate that suspended cells exhibit power-law, soft glassy rheological behavior that is cell cycle-dependent and mediated by the physical interplay between the actin filament and intermediate filament networks.
Influence of multiple predators decreases body condition and fecundity of European hares

Abstract We assessed the hypothesized negative correlation between the influence of multiple predators and body condition and fecundity of the European hare, from 13 areas in the Netherlands. Year‐round abundance of predators was estimated by hunters. We quantified predator influence as the sum of their field metabolic rates, as this sum reflects the daily food requirements of multiple individuals. We determined the ratio between body mass and hindfoot length of hares as an index of body condition and the weight of their adrenal gland as a measure of chronic exposure to stress, and we counted the number of placental scars to estimate fecundity of hares. As hypothesized, we found that the sum of field metabolic rate of predators was negatively correlated with body condition and the number of placental scars, whereas it was positively related to the weight of the adrenal glands. In contrast to the sum of the field metabolic rate, the total number of predators did not or weakly affect the investigated risk responses. The sum of the field metabolic rate can be a useful proxy for the influence of multiple predators and takes into account predator abundance, type, body weight, and food requirements of multiple predators. With our findings, our paper contributes to a better understanding of the risk effects of multiple predators on prey fitness. Additionally, we identify a potential contributor to the decline of European hare populations.
Solitary symbolic play, object substitution and peer role play skills at age 3 predict different aspects of age 7 structural language abilities in a matched sample of autistic and non-autistic children

Backgrounds and aims Early symbolic play abilities are closely related to long-term language development for both autistic and non-autistic children, but few studies have explored these relations for different dimensions of pretence and of language. The current study explores carer-reported measures of solitary symbolic play, object substitution and peer role play abilities at age 3, and their respective relations with parent-reported semantics, syntax and narrative abilities at age 7 for both autistic and non-autistic children. Methods We conducted secondary data analyses exploring links between different aspects of pretence and of language on the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children population cohort. We identified 92 autistic children and used propensity score matching to match them with 92 non-autistic children based on demographic and developmental information such as non-verbal IQ and socioeconomic status. We explored concurrent and longitudinal relations using correlation and regression models. Results: Both correlational and hierarchical regression analyses confirmed the significant effects of age 3 symbolic play abilities in facilitating age 7 semantics, syntax and narrative abilities for autistic children. We found that object substitution held most prominent influence, followed by peer role play and solitary symbolic play. In contrast, for non-autistic children, none of the age 3 symbolic play abilities were significant predictors, whereas socioeconomic status at birth and age 3 language abilities held significant influences on their age 7 semantics, syntax and narrative abilities. Conclusion: We discuss the implications of our findings for play interventions targeting language outcomes.
Capacity building of teachers challenges and opportunities: implication for educational sustainable development.

A school system's most important asset is its teaching force. And, the most important investment a school board, administrators, and parents can make, in a school system is to ensure that teachers continue to learn. Continuous, high-quality professional development is essential to the nation's goal of high standards of learning for every child if education for sustainable development is to he realized. It is widely recognised that although content, text books, buildings, equipment, laboratories, exam and testing systems are all important factors, learning result would be fairly meager if teachers did not know how to use the tools. This clearly puts stakeholders in the picture the position of teachers in the education process. This paper would examine what capacity building is, various institutions responsible for capacity building of teachers in Nigeria, the importance of professional development, the challenges and opportunities for teachers
Low and high frequency intracranial neural signals match in the human associative cortex

In vivo intracranial recordings of neural activity offer a unique opportunity to understand human brain function. Intracranial electrophysiological (iEEG) activity related to sensory, cognitive or motor events manifests mostly in two types of signals: event-related local field potentials in lower frequency bands (<30 Hz, LF) and broadband activity in the higher end of the frequency spectrum (>30 Hz, High frequency, HF). While most current studies rely exclusively on HF, thought to be more focal and closely related to spiking activity, the relationship between HF and LF signals is unclear, especially in human associative cortex. Here we provide a large-scale in-depth investigation of the spatial and functional relationship between these 2 signals based on intracranial recordings from 121 individual brains (8000 recording sites). We measure selective responses to complex ecologically salient visual stimuli – human faces - across a wide cortical territory in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex (VOTC), with a frequency-tagging method providing high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the same objective quantification of signal and noise for the two frequency ranges. While LF face-selective activity has higher SNR across the VOTC, leading to a larger number of significant electrode contacts especially in the anterior temporal lobe, LF and HF display highly similar spatial, functional, and timing properties. Specifically, and contrary to a widespread assumption, our results point to nearly identical spatial distribution and local spatial extent of LF and HF activity at equal SNR. These observations go a long way towards clarifying the relationship between the two main iEEG signals and reestablish the informative value of LF iEEG to understand human brain function.
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among Children and Youth in the Mediterranean Region in Croatia: A Comparative Study

The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered one of the healthiest dietary patterns. The aim of this study was to assess MD adherence in children and youth living in the Mediterranean region in Croatia and evaluate the differences in adherence to the MD among different educational stages. In total, 2722 individuals aged 2 to 24 years were enrolled in this study. Subjects were divided into different groups according to the Croatian educational system. Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) was used to assess adherence to the MD. In the total sample, the adherence to the MD was poor in 19.2%, average in 60.8%, and good in 20.1% of the study participants. The prevalence rate of poor adherence to the MD increased with higher educational stage, i.e., the highest prevalence rate of poor MD adherence was observed for college students (39.3%). Children having a higher number of snacks on days-off, those with lower physical activity, and not having breakfast together with a family are more likely to have poor MD adherence, while children having a higher number of snacks on working days are less likely to have a poor MD. The results of this study showed low adherence to the principles of the MD, confirming the need for improvement of adherence to the MD pattern in the studied population.
On Politics in Comparative and International Higher Education

This paper draws attention to key conundrums facing researchers of comparative and international higher education in the age of post-truth and resurgent authoritarianism. The analysis focuses on three salient concerns: world class-universities and academic freedom; power brokerage in the internationalisation of higher education; and challenges of intellectual leadership – that dominated research agendas in the field. Situated at the crossroads of major arguments in the literature and observations derived from academic praxis in the three areas, the critique sets out to explain how politics have been gaining more weight in the construct of comparative and international higher education at a time when corporate elitism is on the rise and the freedoms of inquiry and communication are declining. The study warns about the failures of integrity in this context, and manifests imperatives for safeguarding academic freedom and critical research in the field.
Prevalence and clinical impact of high platelet reactivity in patients with chronic kidney disease treated with percutaneous coronary intervention: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis

High platelet reactivity (HPR) on clopidogrel and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are recognized as potent risk factors for adverse outcomes in patients suffering coronary artery disease (CAD) and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, conclusive evidence regarding their reciprocal interaction and the consequent impact on clinical events is still lacking.
Academic flexibility and support for student-athletes: An Australian perspective on university teaching staff perceptions

ABSTRACT Perspectives of teaching staff on the provision of flexibility for student-athletes are relatively unknown but are a vital element to understand when educating student-athletes. Flexibility is among the academic services often provided to athletes pursuing a dual-pathway. This study aims to investigate teaching staff perceptions on academic support services designed specifically for student-athletes. Utilizing an exploratory approach, it targets the case of one Australian university that has an agenda to support and foster student-athlete academic success. It utilizes an open-ended survey to explore teaching staff perceptions on their ability and willingness to provide learning and teaching support. Seventy-seven educators completed the survey, and the data were examined using both thematic and automated text analysis. There were varying degrees of support regarding flexibility and special considerations for student-athletes. The findings showed that developments in blended learning capability and better internal communication among university management, academics and student-athletes could facilitate improvements in student-athlete support.