Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Lactobacilli of Estonian and Swedish Children

The prevalence of intestinal lactobacilli was compared for sets of Estonian (71) and Swedish (65) 1-2-year-old children. A total of 227 Lactobacillus isolates from 50 Estonian and 30 Swedish children were collected. The distribution of the three lactobacilli fermentation types, obligate homofermentative, facultative heterofermentative and obligate heterofermentative (OHOL, FHEL and OHEL) was assessed among 138 Estonian and 89 Swedish paediatric isolates of lactobacilli according to their gas production from glucose and also their growth at different temperatures. Furthermore, 76 selected OHOL, FHEL and OHEL isolates from 18 (36%) Estonian and 13 (43%) Swedish children were typed using gas chromatographic analysis. In addition, species-level identification was performed using an API 50 CHL kit (bioMérieux, Lyon, France) and internal-transcribed spacer PCR coupled with restriction analysis. The Swedish children examined were less frequently colonized with Lactobacillus sp. than the Estonian children (46% vs. 70% children; p <0.01). The prevalence of the OHOL, OHEL and FHEL groups was found to be similar within both sets of children with FHEL present in 72% of Estonian and 80% of Swedish children. Utilizing both pheno- and genotyping systems seven species were found within the Estonian group of children versus three species within the Swedish group. The API 50CHL identified a further three Lactobacillus species in the Estonian group and one additional species in the Swedish group. Significantly, Lactobacillus plantarum strains were present in 33% of Estonian children tested but were not present in Swedish children ( p <0.05). Thus, among young children regional differences may occur in the number and species of intestinal lactobacilli. These differences between infants in the two countries with a low and a high prevalence of allergy are of interest in the suggested role of lactobacilli as immune modulators.
Effects of exposure to an organophosphate pesticide on behavior and acetylcholinesterase activity in the common shrew, Sorex araneus

The behavioral and physiological effects of exposure to dimethoate, an organophosphate (OP) pesticide, were examined in common shrews, Sorex araneus, under laboratory conditions. Shrews were given either saline or an acute sublethal dose (50 mg/kg intraperitoneal) of dimethoate, and a time course of behavior was recorded in five 10‐min open field tests spaced over a 12‐h period. Parallel measurements of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were carried out to monitor the onset of brain AChE inhibition and its subsequent recovery. Dimethoate produced a significant depression of locomotor activity for approx. 6 h. Rearing, exploring, and sniffing activities were also significantly inhibited. The observed behavioral effects coincided with the maximal inhibition of AChE and disappeared before the brain AChE level had recovered. Statistically significant correlations were observed between the reduced frequencies of exploring, rearing, and crossings (a measure of locomotor activity) and the severity of inhibition of brain AChE activity, suggesting that brain AChE activity, the biomaker of exposure, could be used as a predictor of the severity of OP‐induced effects on behavior.
Changes in lipids and proteins of marine catfish (Tachysurus dussumieri) during frozen storage

Summary Changes in lipids and protein of marine catfish (Tachysurus dussumieri) were followed over a period of 300 days storage at –20°C. Phospholipids decreased and free fatty acids (FFA) and peroxide value (PV) increased. A linear relationship between the decrease in phospholipid and increase in FFA was observed, suggesting that FFA were formed by hydrolysis of phospholipid. Fatty acid analysis showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increased in the neutral lipid fraction and decreased in the phospholipid fractions; this also suggests hydrolysis of the latter and release of free PUFA into the neutral fraction. A decrease in water soluble protein (WSP) and salt soluble protein (SSP) indicated denaturation of proteins on prolonged frozen storage; both changes were strongly associated with the changes in peroxide value and free fatty acids.
Plant extracts used as growth promoters in broilers

Two experiments were carried out to assess the efficacy of plant extracts as alternatives for antimicrobial growth promoters in broiler diets. The performance experiment included 1,200 male broilers raised from 1 to 42 days of age. The metabolism experiment used 96 male broilers in the grower phase housed in metabolic cages for total excreta collection. At the end of the metabolism experiment, 24 birds were sacrificed to assess organ morphometrics. In both experiments, the following treatments were applied: control diet (CD); CD + 10 ppm avilamycin; CD + 1000 ppm oregano extract; CD + 1000 ppm clove extract; CD + 1000 ppm cinnamon extract; and CD + 1000 ppm red pepper extract. The microencapsulated extracts contained 20% of essential oil. No significant differences (P>0.05) in the studied performance parameters were observed among treatments. The dietary supplementation of the extracts did not influence (P>0.05) nitrogencorrected apparent metabolizable energy values. In general, organ morphometrics was not affected by the experimental treatments, but birds fed the control diet had higher liver relative weight (P<0.05) as compared to those fed the diet containing red pepper extract, which presented the lowest liver relative weight. These results showed that there was no effect of the tested plant extracts on live performance or in organ morphometrics.
The casein genes in goat breeds from different Continents: analysis by Polymerase Chain Reaction – Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (PCR-SSCP)

Abstract A screening of casein gene variability was carried out by Polymerase Chain Reaction – Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism in 8 goat breeds from Sudan (Nubian goat), Turkey (Angora Goat Lalahan Tiftic, Angora Goat Yerkoy, Hair goat) and India (Jammu, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, South Goat). A total of 16 different alleles or groups of alleles were found, showing conspicuous differences among breeds. The allele frequencies were submitted to cluster analysis in order to highlight differences between breeds, also including data from Red Sokoto, West African Dwarf Nigeria, West African Dwarf Cameroon, and Borno Goat. The tree obtained from the cluster analysis showed two main lineages. The West African goat clustered together, the Indian and Turkish breeds were in the other group. Nubian goat was found in an intermediate position.
Association between hydration status, hydration knowledge and fluid consumption during training among soccer players

Study Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between hydration status, knowledge of hydration and the amount of fluid intake consumption during training among the soccer players. Material and Methods: Pre-training hydration status was measured by urine colour chart and Urine Specific Gravity (USG). A questionnaire on hydration knowledge was answered by the participants on the last day of training session. Pearson Correlation test was used to analyse the correlation between hydration status, knowledge of hydration and total amount of fluid intake among the participants. Results: The results showed that the participants were dehydrated during the three days of training. Sixty four percent of the participants had a satisfactory knowledge of hydration. However, the results indicated that the sweat loss was higher than fluid intake during the training. Pearson test revealed there were positive correlation between USG and urine colour (r=0.809, p<0.001) as well as urine colour and fluid intake (r = .424, p<0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, the findings indicate the needs to increase awareness of pre training hydration status among the participants.
Interaction Topologies in Mobile-Based Situated Networked Music Systems

In this paper, we present a complete framework, both technical and conceptual, aimed at developing and analysing Networked Music Systems. After a short description of our technical framework called soundworks, a JavaScript library especially designed for collective music interaction using web browser of mobile phones, we introduce a new conceptual framework, we named interaction topologies, that aims at providing a generic tool for the description of interaction in such systems. Our proposition differs from the theoretical approaches generally proposed in the literature by decoupling the description of interaction topologies from the low level technical implementation of the network. We then report on a set of scenarios and prototypes, illustrating and assessing our framework, which were successfully deployed in several public installations and performances. We particularly show that our concept of interaction topologies succeeds at describing and analysing global aspects of interaction from multiple point of views (e.g., social, human-computer) by allowing for composing simple abstract figures. We finally introduce a discussion on agencies and perception of users engaged in such systems that could later complete our framework to conceive and analyse Networked Music Systems.
Response of oxidative metabolism in watermelon plants subjected to cold stress.

The objective of the present work was to determine the effect of thermal stress on oxidative metabolism in Citrullus lanatus [Thomb. ] Mansf. cv. Dulce maravilla. Plants were grown for 30 d at two temperatures (10 and 35˚C), at which time we measured the leaf concentration of antioxidant compounds (ascorbate, dehydroascorbate, reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione) and enzymatic activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase], as well as total hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration and shoot dry weight. Our results indicate that chilling stress occurred in watermelon plants at 10˚C, while 35˚C is the optimal temperature for this plant. Low temperature stress caused: (i) decreased shoot weight; (ii) accumulation of H2O2; (iii) increased SOD activity; and (iv) decreased enzyme activities associated with detoxifying H2O2. The novelty of this study centres on the fact that so few cold-sensitive species have been examined to date - additional cold-sensitive species need to be studied to determine if there are shared characteristics in terms of how they respond to cold stress. Most studies have examined single antioxidant responses, whereas we conducted a comprehensive examination of many antioxidant responses.
Schools

the 7-Day The City of Cincinnati Average Length from Date Tested to Result measure shows the average number of days from test administered to test result reported to local health department for positive results. This measure indicates whether our testing and reporting system can adequately handle the demand and is important to identifying and isolating positive cases. Source: Source: City of Cincinnati COVID-19
Risk perception, media exposure, and visitor’s behavior responses to Florida Red Tide

ABSTRACT Florida’s Red Tide outbreak, a major environmental disturbance in 2018, not only garnered nationwide attention but also affected both in-state and out-of-state visitors. Guided by the Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF), this study examined the relationships between media exposure, risk perception, and visitors’ behavioral responses. Data were gathered from two surveys in late 2018. The findings validate the practicality of applying SARF to the current context. This study also found that both perceived consequences and access to the community are significant predictors of visitor behavior. This study further discussed how to market destinations during turbulent times.
The effect of white‐tailed deer density on breeding songbirds in Delaware

Most population goals for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are based solely on deer data, with little consideration for other parts of the ecosystem. A wider ecological approach is needed for more justifiable target deer densities. We investigated the use of birds as coarse-scale indicators to determine an ecological carrying capacity for deer management by studying the relationship between the forest bird community and deer density in Delaware, USA. Using Breeding Bird Survey data from 2005 to 2009, targeted point-count data from 2008 to 2009 and Division of Fish and Wildlife deer-density data from the same time periods, we compared avian species richness and relative abundance with deer density. We divided deer densities into low (≤10 deer/km2), moderate (11–19 deer/km2), and high (≥20 deer/km2) categories. We placed birds into 6 deer-sensitive guilds: interior forest obligates, ground nesters, shrub nesters, ground gleaners, low-canopy foragers, and Neotropical migrants, as well as 1 “guild” that consisted of species found to be sensitive to deer density in past literature. The abundance or richness of most guilds and species did not differ by deer density. However, there were 1.08 more shrub nesters and 0.55 more species of shrub nesting birds in low-deer-density areas than in high-deer-density areas. Areas of moderate and low deer densities had ≥0.35 more species of low-canopy foragers than did areas of high deer densities. Low-deer-density areas had ≥0.59 more individual Neotropical migrants compared with moderate- or high-deer-density areas. Similarly, areas of low deer densities had ≥0.49 more migrant species than did areas of higher densities. Low-deer-density areas had ≥0.17 more ovenbirds compared with high- and moderate-deer-density areas. Great crested flycatchers (Myiarchus crinitus) had 3 times greater odds of being found in low-deer-density areas than in high-deer-density areas. Chipping sparrows (Spizella passerina), Acadian flycatchers (Empidonax virescens), and red-eyed vireos (Vireo olivaceus) all had 2 times greater odds of being found in low-deer-density areas than high-deer-density areas. Our results suggest that areas in Delaware with densities of <20 deer/km2 have the greatest avian richness and abundance. These findings are the first step toward determining an ecological carrying capacity for white-tailed deer. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Tourism, sustainable development and the theoretical divide: 20 years on

Abstract A conceptual paper published twenty years ago concluded that sustainable tourism development is an unviable objective. Specifically, it argued that environmentally sound tourism development (sustainable tourism) is essential; sustainable development through tourism, however, is unachievable. Despite continuing alignment between tourism and sustainable development in both academic and policy circles, not only have the intervening two decades proved this argument in practice to be correct, but also there is little evidence of a more sustainable tourism sector. This paper, therefore, returns to the theoretical relationship between tourism and sustainable development, considering more recent transformations in understandings of the concept of development as well as contemporary approaches to sustainable development. Highlighting the controversy surrounding the continuing adherence to economic growth in development policy in general and tourism development in particular, it discusses sustainable de-growth as an alternative approach to development and, in the context of increasing concerns over climate change, the specific implications for tourism.
Phenotypic virulence analysis of Pyricularia grisea isolates from Brazilian upland rice cultivars

Foi conduzido um estudo de virulencia fenotipica da populacao de Pyricularia grisea, coletada de 10 cultivares de arroz de terras altas, em tres locais distintos, objetivando determinar o grau de similaridade entre virulencia fenotipica de isolados, a composicao de racas fisiologicas e seu padrao de virulencia nas cultivares de arroz. Identificaram-se 16 racas, com base no tipo de reacao nas oito diferenciadoras internacionais, das quais IB-9 e IB-41 foram as predominantes. A frequencia de virulencia foi alta nas cultivares IAC47 e IAC165 entre as de ciclo medio e precoce, respectivamente. A frequencia dos isolados virulentos nas cultivares de terras altas foi maior (51,1%) do que nas cultivares irrigadas (21,8%). Ambos os isolados virulentos e avirulentos as linhas isogenicas estavam presentes na populacao de P. grisea testada. Dos72 isolados estudados, 94,4% foram virulentos aos genes Pi-3 e Pi-4a. A frequencia de virulencia foi relativamente baixa, em ordem decrescente, em Pi-1, Pi-4b e Pi-2. Ocoeficiente de similaridade variou de 0,28 a1,0 entre as diferentes racas dos isolados. O coeficiente de similaridade entre os isolados pertencentes ao grupo IB9 variou de 0,56 a1,0. Considerando o coeficiente de similaridade de 0,81, 72% dos isolados IB-9 apresentaram o mesmo padrao de virulencia.
A full genome scan for late onset Alzheimer's disease

We have genotyped 292 affected sibling pairs (ASPs) with Alzheimer's disease (AD) according to NINCDS-ADRDA diagnostic criteria and with onset ages of >/=65 years using 237 microsatellite markers separated by an average distance of 16.3 cM. Data were analysed by SPLINK and MAPMAKER/SIBS on the whole sample of 292 ASPs and subsets of 162 ASPs where both members possessed an apolipoprotein E (APOE)straightepsilon4 allele and 63 pairs where neither possessed anstraightepsilon4 allele. Sixteen peaks with a multipoint lod score (MLS) >1 either in the whole sample, the straightepsilon4-positive or -negative subgroups were observed on chromosomes 1 (two peaks), 2, 5, 6, 9 (two peaks), 10 (two peaks), 12, 13, 14, 19, 21 and X (two peaks). Simulation studies revealed that these findings exceeded those expected by chance, although many are likely to be false positives. The highest lod scores on chromosomes 1 (MLS 2.67), 9 (MLS 2.38), 10 (MLS 2.27) and 19 (MLS 1.79) fulfilLander and Kruglyak's definition of 'suggestive' in that they would be expected to occur by chance once or less per genome scan. Several other peaks were only marginally less significant than this, in particular those on chromosomes 14 (MLS 2.16), 5 (MLS 2.00), 12, close to alpha2-macroglobulin (MLS 1.91), and 21, close to amyloid precursor protein (MLS 1.77). This is the largest genome scan to date in AD and shows for the first time that this is a genetically complex disorder involving several, perhaps many, genes in addition to APOE. Moreover, our data will be of interest to those hoping to identify positional candidate genes using information emerging from neurobiological studies of AD.
Accuracy of Pretransplant Imaging Diagnostic for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective German Multicenter Study

Selection and prioritization of patients with HCC for LT are based on pretransplant imaging diagnostic, taking the risk of incorrect diagnosis. According to the German waitlist guidelines, imaging has to be reported to the allocation organization (Eurotransplant) and pathology reports have to be submitted thereafter. In order to assess current procedures we performed a retrospective multicenter analysis in all German transplant centers with focus on accuracy of imaging diagnostic and tumor classification. 1168 primary LT for HCC were conducted between 2007 and 2013 in Germany. Patients inside the Milan, UCSF, and up-to-seven criteria were misclassified with definitive histologic results in 18%, 15%, and 11%, respectively. Patients pretransplant outside the Milan, UCSF, and up-to-seven criteria were otherwise misclassified in 34%, 43%, and 41%. Recurrence-free survival correlated with classification by posttransplant histological report, but not pretransplant imaging diagnostic. Univariate analysis revealed tumor size, vascular invasion, and grading as significant parameters for outcome, while tumor grading was the only parameter persisting by multivariate testing. Conclusion. There was a relevant percentage (15-40%) of patients misclassified by imaging diagnosis at a time prior to LI-RADS and guidelines to improve imaging of HCC. Outcome analysis showed a good correlation to histological, in contrast poor correlation to imaging diagnosis, suggesting an adjustment of the LT selection and prioritization criteria.
Compositional changes in free‐living bacterial communities along a salinity gradient in two temperate estuaries

There is now clear evidence for major differences in heterotrophic bacterial composition between freshwater and marine ecosystems. A fundamental question that remains unresolved is whether the compositional succession occurs by a gradual replacement of the major phylotypes, or whether there are drastic compositional shifts in discrete areas along the gradient from one system to another. The aim of this study is to examine the change in the phylogenetic composition of the free‐living bacterioplankton across the salinity gradient in both the Choptank and the Pocomoke Rivers, both subestuaries of the Chesapeake Bay, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The proportion of free‐living cells that could be detected using FISH varied widely (3 to 80%), and the majority of cells detected belonged to bacteria, whereas archaea represented less than 3%. The distribution of the different members of bacteria exhibited a clear pattern along the salinity gradient, with the dominance of α‐proteobacteria in the lower, saltwater regions and of β‐proteobacteria in the upper freshwater regions. The cytophaga‐flavobacterium cluster prevailed in the turbidity maximum located in the middle estuary, and the γ‐proteobacteria showed sporadic peaks along the transect that may have been related to local events. The replacement of α‐proteobacteria along the salinity gradient was not gradual but rather occurred rapidly within the turbidity maximum region of the estuaries where the fresh and salt waters mix. The pattern of phylogenetic succession was linked to the development of the turbidity maximum, which is related to rainfall and the ensuing hydrological conditions. There is indication that the phylogenetic succession is accompanied by strong physiological changes in the bacterial assemblage, expressed as a decline in bacterial growth efficiency and community production. The transition appears not to be simply the result of conservative mixing of riverine and estuarine bacterial assemblages, but rather appears to involve cell inactivation and/or death.
Chromosomes: the missing link — young people's understanding of mitosis, meiosis, and fertilisation

This paper considers school students' understanding of the processes of cell division and fertilisation towards the end of their compulsory science education. The difficulties which students have in understanding the purposes and products of these processes are discussed, and the origins of some of these problems are identified. In particular, it notes the widespread lack of understanding of the physical link between chromosomes and genetic material, and the relationship between the behaviour of chromosomes at cell division and the continuity of genetic information - both within and between organisms. Key words: Cell division, Chromosomes, Genetic information, Students' understandings.
Understanding Sponsorship: A Consumer-Centric Model of Sponsorship Effects

A crucial component of many marketing programs, sponsorship has not always received the same research attention as other tactical marketing levers. Although research has been conducted to fill that gap in recent years, we lack a comprehensive, rigorous summary of what is known about sponsorship to capture and interpret that learning. Toward that goal, we offer a new definition of sponsorship and describe a three-step consumer-centric model of sponsorship effects. Highlighting a sequence of antecedents, mediators, and consequences for sponsorship, we also detail the prevailing input, output, and process factors identified in past sponsorship research. Finally, based on our analysis, we derive key summary insights and provide a roadmap for future research.