Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distortion of Ultra-High-Energy Sky by Galactic Magnetic Field

We investigate the deflections of UHE protons by Galactic magnetic field (GMF) using four conventional GMF models in order to discuss the positional correlation between the arrival distribution of UHECRs and their sources. UHE protons coming from the direction around the Galactic center are highly deflected above 8° by the dipole magnetic field during their propagation in Galactic space. However, in bisymmetric spiral field models, there are directions in which the deflection angle is below 1°. One of these directions is toward Centaurus A, the nearest radio-loud active galactic nucleus that is a possible UHECR source candidate. On the other hand, UHE protons arriving from the direction of the Galactic anticenter are generally less deflected, especially in bisymmetric spiral field models. Thus, the Northern Hemisphere, not including the Galactic center, is suitable for studies of correlation with sources. The dependence on model parameters is also investigated. The deflection angles of UHE protons are dependent on the pitch angle of the spiral field. We also investigate distortion of the supergalactic plane by the GMF. Since the distortion in the direction around the Galactic center strongly depends on the GMF model, we can obtain information on the GMF around the Galactic center if Pierre Auger Observatory finds significant positional correlation around the supergalactic plane.
Cosmic Expansion via Axion-Induced Quintessence

potential V (|ϕ|), whose origins reside within the study of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Theeﬀect of a cosmological constant Λ, introduced to represent the vacuum energy of space, is alsoinvestigated. Preliminary results suggest that Λ is analogous to a spring-constant, and thus de-termining the elasticity of space. Additionally, a cosmological scale-factor a(t,r), notably with anadded spatial dependence, is also considered. We propose that due to this inhomogeneous scale-factor, the energy-density is characteristic of temperature ﬂuctuations observed within the cosmicmicrowave background. Such ﬂuctuations could ultimately lead to a universe composed of ﬁlamentsand voids; vast expanses of space, separated by regions of localised matter/energy-density. Finally,we provide a means of screening both the cosmological constant and curvature of the universe, toeﬀective values that are more consistent with experimental observation.
Factors Affecting Corporate Dividend Policy: Evidence from Emerging Market

Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh profitabilitas, likuiditas, leverage, set kesempatan investasi, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap kebijakan dividen. Fenomena menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan deviden merupakan isu yang penting bagi perusahaan-perusahaan yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Sampel dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan 34 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia untuk periode 2016-2020 (170 data observasi). Data dikumpulkan dari situs Bursa Efek Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap kebijakan dividen, sedangkan set kesempatan investasi menunjukkan hubungan yang negatif. Di sisi lain, likuiditas dan leverage tidak berpengaruh terhadap kebijakan dividen. Meskipun ada beberapa keterbatasan, seperti ukuran sampel yang relatif kecil, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi untuk memberikan bukti empiris tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebijakan dividen, terutama dari konteks pasar negara berkembang.
MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF 3C 279 DURING THE EXTREMELY BRIGHT GAMMA-RAY FLARE IN 2014 MARCH–APRIL

The well-studied blazar 3C 279 underwent a giant γ-ray outburst in 2014 March–April. The measured γ-ray flux (1.21 ± 0.10 × 10−5 ph cm − 2 s − 1 ? > in a 0.1–300 GeV energy range) is the highest detected from 3C 279 by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. Hour-scale γ-ray flux variability is observed, with a flux doubling time as short as 1.19 ± 0.36 hr detected during one flare. The γ-ray spectrum is found to be curved at the peak of the flare, suggesting low probability of detecting very high energy (VHE; E > ? > 100 GeV) emission, which is further confirmed by the VERITAS observations. The γ-ray flux increased by more than an order in comparison to a low-activity state and the flare consists of multiple sub-structures having a fast rise and slow decay profile. The flux enhancement is seen in all the wavebands, though at a lesser extent compared to γ-rays. During the flare, a considerable amount of the kinetic jet power gets converted to γ-rays and the jet becomes radiatively efficient. A one-zone leptonic emission model is used to reproduce the flare and we find increase in the bulk Lorentz factor as a major cause of the outburst. From the observed fast variability, lack of VHE detection, and the curved γ-ray spectrum, we conclude that the location of the emission region cannot be far out from the broad-line region (BLR) and contributions from both BLR and torus photons are required to explain the observed γ-ray spectrum.
THE SUPERNOVA DELAY TIME DISTRIBUTION IN GALAXY CLUSTERS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TYPE-Ia PROGENITORS AND METAL ENRICHMENT

Knowledge of the supernova (SN) delay time distribution (DTD)—the SN rate versus time that would follow a hypothetical brief burst of star formation—can shed light on SN progenitors and physics, as well as on the timescales of chemical enrichment in different environments. We compile recent measurements of the Type-Ia SN (SN Ia) rate in galaxy clusters at redshifts from z = 0 out to z = 1.45, just 2 Gyr after cluster star formation at z ≈ 3. We review the plausible range for the observed total iron-to-stellar mass ratio in clusters, based on the latest data and analyses, and use it to constrain the time-integrated number of SN Ia events in clusters. With these data, we recover the DTD of SNe Ia in cluster environments. The DTD is sharply peaked at the shortest time-delay interval we probe, 0Gyr < t < 2.2 Gyr, with a low tail out to delays of ∼10 Gyr, and is remarkably consistent with several recent DTD reconstructions based on different methods, applied to different environments. We test DTD models from the literature, requiring that they simultaneously reproduce the observed cluster SN rates and the observed iron-to-stellar mass ratios. A parameterized power-law DTD of the form t−1.2±0.3 from t = 400 Myr to a Hubble time can satisfy both constraints. Shallower power laws such as t−1/2 cannot, assuming a single DTD, and a single star formation burst (either brief or extended) at high z. This implies that 50%–85% of SNe Ia explode within 1 Gyr of star formation. DTDs from double-degenerate (DD) models, which generically have ∼t−1 shapes over a wide range of timescales, match the data, but only if their predictions are scaled up by factors of 5–10. Single-degenerate (SD) DTDs always give poor fits to the data, due to a lack of delayed SNe and overall low numbers of SNe. The observations can also be reproduced with a combination of two SN Ia populations—a prompt SD population of SNe Ia that explodes within a few Gyr of star formation, and produces about 60% of the iron mass in clusters, and a DD population that contributes the events seen at z < 1.5. An alternative scenario of a single, prompt, SN Ia population, but a composite star formation history in clusters, consisting of a burst at high z, followed by a constant star formation rate, can reproduce the SN rates, but is at odds with direct measurements of star formation in clusters at 0 < z < 1. Our results support the existence of a DD progenitor channel for SNe Ia, if the overall predicted numbers can be suitably increased.
Semi-blind Two-Stage Estimation of Carrier Frequency Offset for OFDM and OFDMA Systems

—Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a technique used in several wireless communication systems. One impairment present in OFDM-based systems is the Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO). The objective of this article is to propose a semi-blind two-stage CFO estimation algorithm for OFDM and for an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access system. The proposed algorithm presents lower root-mean squared error metrics in all of the tested scenarios and a reduced complexity than other two-stage algorithms.
Extracting Useful Emergency Information from Social Media: A Method Integrating Machine Learning and Rule-Based Classification

User-generated contents (UGCs) on social media are a valuable source of emergency information (EI) that can facilitate emergency responses. However, the tremendous amount and heterogeneous quality of social media UGCs make it difficult to extract truly useful EI, especially using pure machine learning methods. Hence, this study proposes a machine learning and rule-based integration method (MRIM) and evaluates its EI classification performance and determinants. Through comparative experiments on microblog data about the “July 20 heavy rainstorm in Zhengzhou” posted on China’s largest social media platform, we find that the MRIM performs better than pure machine learning methods and pure rule-based methods, and that its performance is influenced by microblog characteristics such as the number of words, exact address and contact information, and users’ attention. This study demonstrates the feasibility of integrating machine learning and rule-based methods to mine the text of social media UGCs and provides actionable suggestions for emergency information management practitioners.
A Hierarchical Manipulation Scheme for Robotic Sorting of Multiwire Cables With Hybrid Vision

A key step in manufacturing multiwire cables in the factory is to sort the wires according to the desired color sequence. Owing to their deformable nature, it is challenging for robots to carry out sorting tasks on wires. Specifically, the wires are very small in size, multiple wires are closely coupled, and the initial color sequence is random. In this article, a new hierarchical manipulation scheme is proposed for the robotic sorting of multiwire cables. The sorting task is carried out by a vision-guided robotic gripper, whose control objective is formulated in two layers: 1) the high-level planner outputs an optimal grasping sequence and the grasping position, according to the initial status of wires; and 2) the low-level planner shapes the gripper's reference trajectory by monitoring the wires' changes online. The proposed hierarchical manipulation scheme explores the advantages of both 3-D and 2-D vision to effectively deal with the existing issues (e.g., overlapping and occlusion) of multiple wires and also unforeseen changes during the sorting task (e.g., slipping and collision), which then guarantees the feasibility of wire sorting. Experimental results in various scenarios are presented to validate the performance of the proposed scheme.
ournal of C osmology and A stroparticle hysics J Bose-Einstein condensation of dark matter solves the core/cusp problem

We analyze the observed properties of dwarf galaxies, which are dark matter dominated astrophysical objects, by assuming that dark matter is in the form of a strongly-coupled, dilute Bose-Einstein condensate. The basic astrophysical properties of the condensate (density proﬁle, rotational velocity, and mass proﬁle, respectively), are derived from a variational principle. To test the validity of the model we compare ﬁrst the tangential velocity equation of the model with a sample of eight rotation curves of dwarf galaxies. We ﬁnd a good agreement between the theoretically predicted rotation curves (without any baryonic component) and the observational data. The mean value of the logarithmic inner slope of the mass density proﬁle of dwarf galaxies is also obtained, and it is shown that the observed value of this parameter is in agreement with the theoretical results. The predictions of the Bose-Einstein condensate model are also systematically compared with the predictions of the standard Cold Dark Matter model. The non-singular density proﬁles of the Bose-Einstein condensed dark matter generally show the presence of an extended core, whose presence is due to the strong interaction between dark matter particles.
What determines the fraction of elliptical galaxies in clusters

We study the correlation between the morphological mix of cluster galaxies and the assembly history of the parent cluster by taking advantage of two independently developed semi-analytic models for galaxy formation and evolution. In our models, both the number of cluster members and that of elliptical members increase as a function of cluster mass, in such a way that the resulting elliptical fractions are approximately independent of cluster mass. The population of cluster ellipticals exhibits a marked bimodal distribution as a function of galaxy stellar mass, with a dip at masses ∼1010 M⊙. In the framework of our models, this bimodality originates from the combination of a strongly decreasing number of galaxies with increasing stellar mass, and a correspondingly increasing probability of experiencing major mergers. We show that the correlation between the measured elliptical fraction and the assembly history of the parent cluster is weak, and that it becomes stronger in models that adopt longer galaxy merger times. We argue that this results from the combined effect of a decreasing bulge production due to a reduced number of mergers, and an increasing survival probability of pre-existing ellipticals, with the latter process being more important than the former.
The impact of product market competition on firm performance through the mediating of corporate governance index: empirical of listed companies in Vietnam

Abstract Over the past decade, Vietnam has opened the market and attended in large economic organization like ASEAN Free Trade Area, ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement, Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. Therefore, the increasing of product market competition has a significant impact on businesses. In order for businesses to improve firm performance, the solution needed today is to improve corporate governance system. Corporate governance not only helps to limit agency problem but also increases the role of inspection, control, and orientation for the development of business activities. The study examines the influence of product market competition on firm performance through the mediating role of corporate governance. Our data collected from Thomson—Reuters DataStream and finance report of 180 listed non—finance companies in Vietnam from 2015 to 2019. The research model and hypotheses were tested by Maximum Likelihood with Structural Equation Model method in Stata 14 software. The results showed that product market competition has positive effect firm performance through the mediating of corporate governance. Besides, the study revealed that business strategy negatively and significantly effects on product market competition and firm performance. Research results provide theoretical and administrative implications for improving firm performance.
Autologous whole blood clot and negative-pressure wound therapy in South Africa: A comparison of the cost and social considerations.

BACKGROUND Advanced wound treatment modalities enhance healing of hard-to-heal wounds, decrease the risk of amputations, and improve the quality of life of patients. Modalities have different rates of efficacy and incur different social and financial costs to the individual and the healthcare system. Two such modalities, the autologous whole blood clot (WBC) and negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT), were compared in the South African (SA) context. The comparison was conducted on hard-to-heal wounds, with a specific focus on diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). OBJECTIVES To compare the social considerations and financial costs of using autologous WBC v. NPWT in the treatment of DFUs in SA. METHODS Data were obtained based on current supply costs from SA suppliers for the two modalities, the standard of care for both modalities, the number of applications required for each, and social considerations provided by SA wound management clinicians. Wound healing rates were obtained from the published literature. This information was used to calculate costs of two scenarios (scenario 1: low exudate v. scenario 2: high exudate), which were compared over two treatment durations (4 and 12 weeks) for each treatment modality. Calculations included weekly cost of supplies, total cost saved by a patient with a DFU managed with either of the wound therapies, and the difference in total cost saved between the two modalities. Key social considerations were assessed qualitatively from discussions with SA clinicians experienced in both autologous WBC and NPWT, and from published research. RESULTS The cost of supplies per week was ZAR3 250 for autologous WBC and ZAR4 804 for NPWT in scenario 1, and ZAR3 332 and ZAR6 612 in scenario 2. With healing rates over 4 weeks' treatment duration of 19% for autologous WBC and 10% for NPWT, autologous WBC saved ZAR17 719.93, or 9% more than using NPWT, in scenario 1 and ZAR18 381.47, or 10% more, in scenario 2. At 12 weeks' treatment duration, healing rates for autologous WBC and NPWT were 75% and 43%, respectively. In scenario 1, results indicated a 43% cost difference between the two modalities. Autologous WBC had a total cost saving of ZAR61 874.40 compared with NPWT over a period of 12 weeks. In scenario 2, results indicated a 46% cost difference between the two modalities. Autologous WBC had a total cost saving of ZAR70 454.68 compared with NPWT over a period of 12 weeks. One of the identified social considerations is that NPWT needs a reliable supply of electricity to recharge the pump, while autologous WBC does not. CONCLUSION Both modalities are safe and effective in treating hard-to-heal wounds of the lower extremities. Autologous WBC consistently demonstrated better outcomes than NPWT in terms of both healing rate and cost-effectiveness, as well as having some advantages in terms of social considerations in SA.
STAR FORMATION AND BLACK HOLE GROWTH AT z ≃ 4.8

We report Herschel/SPIRE, Spitzer and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer observations of 44 z ≃ 4.8 optically selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs). This flux-limited sample contains the highest mass black holes (BHs) at this redshift. Ten of the objects were detected by Herschel and five show emission that is not clearly associated with the AGNs. The star formation (SF) luminosity (LSF) obtained by fitting the spectral energy distribution (SED) with standard SF templates, taking into account AGN contribution, is in the range 1046.62–1047.21 erg s−1 corresponding to SF rates of 1090–4240 M☉ yr−1. Fitting with very luminous submillimeter galaxy SEDs gives SF rates that are smaller by 0.05 dex when using all bands and 0.1 dex when ignoring the 250 μm band. A 40 K graybody fits to only the 500 μm fluxes reduce LSF by about a factor of two. A stacking analysis of 29 undetected sources gives significant signals in all three bands. A SF template fit indicates LSF = 1046.19–46.23 erg s−1 depending on the assumed AGN contribution. A 40 K fit to the stacked 500 μm flux gives LSF = 1045.95 erg s−1. The mean BH mass (MBH) and AGN luminosity (LAGN) of the detected sources are significantly higher than those of the undetected ones. The spectral differences are seen all the way from UV to far infrared wavelengths. The mean optical–UV spectra are similar to those predicted for thin accretion disks around BHs with similar masses and accretion rates. We suggest two alternative explanations to the correlation of LSF, LAGN and MBH, one involving no AGN feedback and the second involving moderate feedback that affects, but does not totally quench, SF in three-quarters of the sources. We compare our LSF and LAGN to lower redshift samples and show a new correlation between LSF and MBH. We also examine several rather speculative ideas about the host galaxy properties including the possibility that the detected sources are above the SF mass sequence (MS) at z ≃ 4.8, perhaps in mergers, and most of the undetected sources are on the MS.
Effect of soaking conditions on chemical composition, antioxidant activity, total phenols, flavonoids and anti-nutritional contents of finger millet

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is a staple cereal grain in certain parts of the world with low income populations. It is a minor cereal grain grown extensively in some areas of Africa and consumed for its several health benefits. Finger millet is nutritionally dense as well as a gluten-free food crop that is stable on storage, but less utilized in tropical and semi-arid regions of the world due to the presence of anti-nutrients. This study investigated the effect of soaking as a pretreatment method on the chemical composition, anti-nutrients, phenolic content, flavonoids and antioxidant properties of finger millet. Finger millet seeds were soaked in water at different temperatures (30, 40 and 50 °C) and time intervals (0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h). Samples were taken at 6 h intervals, washed, dried in the oven at 50 °C to a constant weight, milled into flour and sieved to obtain fine flour (100 µm). The flour samples were analyzed for proximate composition, anti-nutrients, phenolic content, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. All data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance. The moisture, protein, fat, ash, crude fibre, and carbohydrate ranged between 7.08-9.41, 4.16-9.47, 2.91-5.32, 0.82-2.48, 1.32-2.95, and 73.57-78.47%, respectively. Residual anti-nutrients in the flour ranged from 1.20-2.23, 0.38-0.75 mg/100g, 2.30-6.73%, and 0.39-1.48 mg/100 g for tannin, phytate, trypsin and oxalate, respectively. Phosphorus, sodium, calcium, potassium, and iron ranged from 24.3-98.8, 0.123-0.90, 142.24 -192.16, 105-396, and 2.20-6.59 mg/100 g, respectively. Total phenolics ranged from 16.00 to 40.29 mg/100g. The flavonoid and antioxidant activity of the soaked finger millet flour increased with increased soaking time and temperature. This study has established that soaking can be used as a pretreatment method in reducing the anti-nutrient content, improving nutrients, enhancing the mineral content of the grains, and hence, maximize the potentials of finger millet for the production of value-added products. Key words: Finger millet, proximate, polyphenols, minerals, anti-nutrients, pretreatment, antioxidant activity, flavonoids
Versatile helimagnetic phases under magnetic fields in cubic perovskite SrFeO 3

A helical spin texture is of great current interest for a host of novel spin-dependent transport phenomena. We report a rich variety of nontrivial helimagnetic phases in the simple cubic perovskite ${\mathrm{SrFeO}}_{3}$ under magnetic fields up to 42 T. Magnetic and resistivity measurements revealed that the proper-screw spin phase proposed for ${\mathrm{SrFeO}}_{3}$ can be subdivided into at least five kinds of ordered phases. Near the multicritical point, an unconventional anomalous Hall effect was found to show up and was interpreted as due to a possible long-period noncoplanar spin texture with scalar spin chirality.