Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are Soy-based Proteins, Meals, and Diets an Effective Treatment in Reducing Waist Circumference in Overweight and Obese Adults Ages 20-75 Years?

Objective: The objective of this evidence based medicine review is to determine whether or not soy-based proteins, meals, and diets are effective treatments in reducing waist circumference in overweight and obese adults ages 20-75 years. Study design: Review of three published, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in 2003, 2007, and 2011. All English language. Data Source: The three randomized controlled trials that used in this review were found using PubMed. Outcomes measured: The outcomes measured were improvement of patient’s overweight and obesity status and their overall quality of life through the indication of reduced waist circumference. By measuring patient’s waist circumference before, during, and after treatment of soy-based proteins, meals, and diets with measurement methods between the lower rib and iliac crest at the level of the navel, a non-distensible tape measure, and an inelastic scale. Results: In a RCT by Allison et al. (2003), soy-based meal replacement formula reduced waist circumference for overweight and obese adults in a 12 weeks period with an estimate treatment effectiveness of P <0.001 as a result. In a RCT by Liao et al. (2007), soy-based diet reduced waist circumference for overweight and obese adults in a 8 weeks period with an estimate treatment effectiveness of 95% CI 1.6-2.8 as a result. In a RCT by Takahira et al. (2011), soy protein reduced waist circumference for overweight and obese adults in a 20 weeks period with an estimate treatment effectiveness of P<0.05 as a result. Conclusions: The result of all three randomized controlled trials suggest that soy-based proteins, meals, and diets, as a form of treatment for reduction in waist circumference is effective in regards of patient’s overweight and obesity status and their overall quality of life. This topic does warrant additional research. Further studies conducted should include if patient needs a post-life-long maintain diet with soy-based proteins and meals after they have achieve a normal BMI waist circumference. In addition, will this be available for patients with mild soy-allergy, but controlled with anti-histamines.
Track Down Identity Leaks using Threat Intelligence

: Leakage of identity data is a precursor of identity theft in the Internet. Prevention measures are neither es-tablished to counteract identity theft nor is there any effective way to inform affected subjects after identity leakage has been discovered. To build an identity theft early warning system, it is crucial to ﬁnd evidence of identity leakage that happened in the past. News sites in the Internet regularly report about organizations suffering from data leakage. Those leaked data mostly contains member, customer or employee databases including private information. This paper presents a framework that automatically crawls and classiﬁes news articles with respect to identity data leakage. The framework is designed to monitor an arbitrary set of websites and to extract corresponding articles. The articles found are provided to analysts and security researchers with extracted information about the covered leaks. This lowers the amount of work that is necessary to stay up to date regarding leaks of identity data. The developed framework is a proof of concept and a foundation for further projects aiming to proactively warn affected users.
Assessing the Impact of OCR Quality on Downstream NLP Tasks

: A growing volume of heritage data is being digitized and made available as text via optical character recognition (OCR). Scholars and libraries are increasingly using OCR-generated text for retrieval and analysis. However, the process of creating text through OCR introduces varying degrees of error to the text. The impact of these errors on natural language processing (NLP) tasks has only been partially studied. We perform a series of extrinsic assessment tasks — sentence segmentation, named entity recognition, dependency parsing, information retrieval, topic modelling and neural language model ﬁne-tuning — using popular, out-of-the-box tools in order to quantify the impact of OCR quality on these tasks. We ﬁnd a consistent impact resulting from OCR errors on our downstream tasks with some tasks more irredeemably harmed by OCR errors. Based on these results, we offer some preliminary guidelines for working with text produced through OCR.
Towards Analysing the Sentiments in the Field of Automobile with Specific Focus on Arabic Language Text

: Performing natural language processing on a text document is an active research area. Social media includes valuable information resources in various languages. These information resources include reviews, comments, tweets, posts, opinions, articles and other text resources which could be analysed to explore people’s opinions, attitudes, emotions and sentiments towards various subjects and commodities. However, there is lack of contributions addressing sentiment analysis on automobile reviews in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) dialects and in the Arabic language in general. Moreover, the lack of available annotated datasets in the Arabic language, which are targeting specific domains (such as automobiles), and the limited focus on analysing the sentiments in Arabic regional dialects created a gap. These factors motivated us to conduct the research that we report in this paper. Furthermore, the limited adoption of techniques and algorithms related to natural language processing and machine learning is noticed in the current efforts that are targeting sentiment analysis in the Arabic language, which once adopted could provide the opportunity of enhancing the performance of sentiment analysers. Therefore, this research attempts to cover these gaps to a certain extent.
Approximate Conditional Independence Test using Residuals

: Conditional mutual information is a useful measure for detecting the association between variables that are also affected by other variables. Though permutation tests are used to check whether the conditional mutual information is zero to indicate mutual independence, permutations are difﬁcult to perform because the other variables in a dataset may be associated with the variables in question. This problem is particularly acute when working with datasets of small sample size. This study aims to propose a computational method for approximating conditional mutual information based on the distribution of residuals in regression models. The proposed method can implement the permutation tests for statistical signiﬁcance by translating the problem of measuring conditional independence into the problem of estimating simple independence. Additionally, a reliability of p -value in permutation test is deﬁned to omit unreliably detected associations. We tested our proposed method’s performance in inferring the network structure of an artiﬁcial gene network against comparable methods submitted to the Dream4 challenge.
Optimization of a Sequential Decision Making Problem for a Rare Disease Diagnostic Application

: In this work, we propose a new optimization formulation for a sequential decision making problem for a rare disease diagnostic application. We aim to minimize the number of medical tests necessary to achieve a state where the uncertainty regarding the patient’s disease is less than a predetermined threshold. In doing so, we take into account the need in many medical applications, to avoid as much as possible, any misdiagnosis. To solve this optimization task, we investigate several reinforcement learning algorithms and make them operable in our high-dimensional setting: the strategies learned are much more efﬁcient than classical greedy strategies.
Chaos-Based Application of a Novel Multistable 5D Memristive Hyperchaotic System with Coexisting Multiple Attractors

Novel memristive hyperchaotic system designs and their engineering applications have received considerable critical attention. In this paper, a novel multistable 5D memristive hyperchaotic system and its application are introduced. The interesting aspect of this chaotic system is that it has different types of coexisting attractors, chaos, hyperchaos, periods, and limit cycles. First, a novel 5D memristive hyperchaotic system is proposed by introducing a flux-controlled memristor with quadratic nonlinearity into an existing 4D four-wing chaotic system as a feedback term. Then, the phase portraits, Lyapunov exponential spectrum, bifurcation diagram, and spectral entropy are used to analyze the basic dynamics of the 5D memristive hyperchaotic system. For a specific set of parameters, we find an unusual metastability, which shows the transition from chaotic to periodic (period-2 and period-3) dynamics. Moreover, its circuit implementation is also proposed. By using the chaoticity of the novel hyperchaotic system, we have developed a random number generator (RNG) for practical image encryption applications. Furthermore, security analyses are carried out with the RNG and image encryption designs.
Prudent sperm use by leaf-cutter ant queens

In many species, females store sperm between copulation and egg fertilization, but the consequences of sperm storage and patterns of sperm use for female life history and reproductive success have not been investigated in great detail. In hymenopteran insect societies (ants, bees, wasps), reproduction is usually monopolized by one or relatively few queens, who mate only during a brief period early in life and store sperm for later use. The queens of some ants are particularly long-lived and have the potential to produce millions of offspring during their life. To do so, queens store many sperm cells, and this sperm must remain viable throughout the years of storage. Queens should also be under strong selection to use stored sperm prudently when fertilizing eggs. We used the leaf-cutter ant Atta colombica to investigate the dynamics of sperm use during egg fertilization. We show that queens are able to fertilize close to 100 per cent of the eggs and that the average sperm use per egg is very low, but increases with queen age. The robustness of stored sperm was found to decrease with years of storage, signifying that senescence affects sperm either directly or indirectly via the declining glandular secretions or deteriorating sperm-storage organs. We evaluate our findings with a heuristic model, which suggests that the average queen has sperm for almost 9 years of normal colony development. We discuss the extent to which leaf-cutter ant queens have been able to optimize their sperm expenditure and infer that our observed averages of sperm number, sperm robustness and sperm use are consistent with sperm depletion being a significant cause of mortality of mature colonies of Atta leaf-cutter ants.
Silicon application improve maize (Zea mays L.) performance through ionic homeostasis and ameliorating adverse effects of brackish water

Water scarcity is an alarming issue in arid and semi arid regions of Pakistan, which cause drought stress and reduced plant growth. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effective role of Si for the growth of maize hybrids (FH-922, FH-949, FH988 and FH-1137) with brackish water application. The physical parameters like plant height, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight; number of leaves per plant and chlorophyll contents (SPAD Value) were recorded. The ionic parameters like sodium (Na), potassium (K), silicon (Si) concentration and K: Na ratio were also recorded. The results revealed a relatively different response of four maize hybrids among all the studied parameters. Among all the variable maize hybrids, FH-988 showed the considerable increase in plant height; shoot fresh and dry weight and leaf chlorophyll contents. However, maize hybrids FH-922 and FH-1137 were more sensitive as compared to FH-988 and FH-949 due to less production in dry matter, chlorophyll contents, K concentration and K: Na ratio.
Quality of Experience (QoE) Assurance by a Multi-path Balanced Traffic-Splitting Algorithm in MPLS Networks

Multi-Protocl Label Switching (MPLS) technology has proven its worth for delivering new services while at the same time allowing migration from old to new generation networks. Avoidance of congestion is one of the major performance objectives of traffic engineering in MPLS networks. Load balancing can prevent the congestion caused due to inefficient allocation of network resources. Another important aspect in network performance is the end user perception of the quality delivered by the network called the Quality of Experience (QoE). The final arbiter of service performance is the end user whose opinion about quality is based on his or her perception. This end user perception of audiovisual quality is quantified by Mean opinion score (MOS). The network parameters that affect the MOS are delay, Jitter and loss. Though a number of multipath load balancing algorithms have been proposed in [1] and [2], none have proportioned traffic keeping the QoE constraint in mind. Here, a multipath load balancing algorithm is used to optimally split the incoming traffic based on the effect of average delay and jitter offered by the network so that the QoE measure of MOS is maximized. These initial results indicate that desirable QoE can be achieved by finite and small number of executions of an appropriate iterative load balancing algorithm once the step-size and the weights of the composite cost function representing combined effect of average delay and jitter are judiciously chosen.
Mapping of Adaptive Traits Enabled by a High-Density Linkage Map for Lake Trout

Understanding the genomic basis of adaptative intraspecific phenotypic variation is a central goal in conservation genetics and evolutionary biology. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) are an excellent species for addressing the genetic basis for adaptive variation because they express a striking degree of ecophenotypic variation across their range; however, necessary genomic resources are lacking. Here we utilize recently-developed analytical methods and sequencing technologies to (1) construct a high-density linkage and centromere map for lake trout, (2) identify loci underlying variation in traits that differentiate lake trout ecophenotypes and populations, (3) determine the location of the lake trout sex determination locus, and (4) identify chromosomal homologies between lake trout and other salmonids of varying divergence. The resulting linkage map contains 15,740 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapped to 42 linkage groups, likely representing the 42 lake trout chromosomes. Female and male linkage group lengths ranged from 43.07 to 134.64 centimorgans, and 1.97 to 92.87 centimorgans, respectively. We improved the map by determining coordinates for 41 of 42 centromeres, resulting in a map with 8 metacentric chromosomes and 34 acrocentric or telocentric chromosomes. We use the map to localize the sex determination locus and multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with intraspecific phenotypic divergence including traits related to growth and body condition, patterns of skin pigmentation, and two composite geomorphometric variables quantifying body shape. Two QTL for the presence of vermiculations and spots mapped with high certainty to an arm of linkage group Sna3, growth related traits mapped to two QTL on linkage groups Sna1 and Sna12, and putative body shape QTL were detected on six separate linkage groups. The sex determination locus was mapped to Sna4 with high confidence. Synteny analysis revealed that lake trout and congener Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) are likely differentiated by three or four chromosomal fissions, possibly one chromosomal fusion, and 6 or more large inversions. Combining centromere mapping information with putative inversion coordinates revealed that the majority of detected inversions differentiating lake trout from other salmonids are pericentric and located on acrocentric and telocentric linkage groups. Our results suggest that speciation and adaptive divergence within the genus Salvelinus may have been associated with multiple pericentric inversions occurring primarily on acrocentric and telocentric chromosomes. The linkage map presented here will be a critical resource for advancing conservation oriented genomic research on lake trout and exploring chromosomal evolution within and between salmonid species.
Remdesivir is a direct-acting antiviral that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with high potency

Effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are urgently needed to control this current pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Replication of SARS-CoV-2 depends on the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is the likely target of the investigational nucleotide analogue remdesivir (RDV). RDV shows broad-spectrum antiviral activity against RNA viruses, and previous studies with RdRps from Ebola virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have revealed that delayed chain termination is RDV's plausible mechanism of action. Here, we expressed and purified active SARS-CoV-2 RdRp composed of the nonstructural proteins nsp8 and nsp12. Enzyme kinetics indicated that this RdRp efficiently incorporates the active triphosphate form of RDV (RDV-TP) into RNA. Incorporation of RDV-TP at position i caused termination of RNA synthesis at position i+3. We obtained almost identical results with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 RdRps. A unique property of RDV-TP is its high selectivity over incorporation of its natural nucleotide counterpart ATP. In this regard, the triphosphate forms of 2′-C-methylated compounds, including sofosbuvir, approved for the management of hepatitis C virus infection, and the broad-acting antivirals favipiravir and ribavirin, exhibited significant deficits. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the target specificity of RDV, as RDV-TP was less efficiently incorporated by the distantly related Lassa virus RdRp, and termination of RNA synthesis was not observed. These results collectively provide a unifying, refined mechanism of RDV-mediated RNA synthesis inhibition in coronaviruses and define this nucleotide analogue as a direct-acting antiviral.
First Twin in Breech Presentation and Neonatal Mortality and Morbidity According to Planned Mode of Delivery.

OBJECTIVE To compare neonatal mortality and morbidity of first twins according to the planned mode of delivery when the first twin is in breech presentation, in a country where planned vaginal delivery is an option. METHODS This is a planned secondary analysis of the JUMODA (JUmeaux MODe d'Accouchement) cohort, a national prospective population-based study of twin deliveries conducted in 176 French hospitals. We analyzed pregnancies with first twins in breech presentation and applied the inclusion criteria of the Twin Birth Study (except the criterion for first-twin presentation): both fetuses alive, with a birth weight between 1,500 g and 4,000 g, at or after 32 0/7 weeks of gestation. The primary outcome was a composite of neonatal mortality and morbidity. We used multivariate Poisson regression models to control for potential confounders and propensity score analyses, that is, matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting to control for indication bias. RESULTS Among the 1,467 women with a breech-presenting first twin included in this analysis, 1,169 (79.7%) had planned cesarean and 298 (20.3%) planned vaginal births, of whom 185 (62.1%) delivered both twins vaginally. The neonatal mortality and severe morbidity rate for first twins was 1.7% (5/298) in the planned vaginal and 1.9% (22/1,169) in the planned cesarean delivery groups (crude relative risk [RR] 0.90, 95% CI 0.34-2.34). Planned vaginal delivery was not associated with higher neonatal mortality and morbidity than planned cesarean delivery, regardless of the statistical method used: adjusted RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.27-1.86; RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.20-1.83 after matching for propensity score; RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.23-1.74 with inverse probability of treatment weighting. Analyses of neonatal mortality and morbidity of second twins yielded similar results. CONCLUSION Although our sample size precluded a robust assessment for small differences in outcomes between planned cesarean and planned vaginal delivery in twin pregnancies in which the first twin was in breech presentation, in our cohort planned vaginal delivery was not associated with higher neonatal mortality and morbidity for either twin.
Understanding the Role of Fathers in Children's Physical Activity: A Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND Parents are influential in supporting children's physical activity, but relatively little is known about the role of fathers in children's physical activity. METHODS Semi-structured interviews (n = 24) were conducted with low-active and active fathers of children 3-11 years old. Deductive thematic analysis was used to identify fathers' physical activity practices and understand how fathers interact with their children around physical activity. RESULTS All fathers demonstrated coparticipation in physical activity with their children. Other physical activity practices commonly used by fathers included as follows: facilitation of active opportunities, modeling, involvement through coaching or teaching, and encouragement. In addition, fathers viewed physical activity as an opportunity to spend time with their children to bond and develop shared interests. Finally, fathers perceived their role in children's physical activity to be different compared with mothers. Regarding father activity level, active fathers discussed modeling more frequently and tended to engage in a variety of different activities compared with low-active fathers. CONCLUSIONS Fathers play an important role in their children's physical activity, suggesting that physical activity may be one context in which to prompt paternal involvement, foster father-child relationships, and strengthen paternal parenting.
Effects of range treatment with 2,4 D on prairie dog diet.

relatively short-lived, however, and after 5 years plant composition can be expected to return to its pretreatment condition. Although not significant statistically, the relatively large increase in elk use 2 years after spraying suggests that initial increase in elk use may be expected after spraying Gambel oak. Attractiveness of the area to elk may be due to increased grass abundance and the resulting change in plant composition compared with surrounding untreated areas. Elk appear to lose their affinity for the area as plant composition reverts to its pretreatment state. Elk use approached pre-spray levels 5 years after treatment. In this study deer exhibited only a minor response to the sprayed area. Their response may have been more positive had the area not been so heavily used by elk. If Gambel oak vegetation is sprayed with 2,4,5-TP for the purpose of modifying plant composition and increasing elk or deer use, it is recommended that a program be established involving respraying at 3-year intervals for as long as the improved situation is to be maintained.