Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Submarine structural and acoustic attenuation

In this paper, the low frequency vibro-acoustic responses from a submerged hull are attenuated using passive, active, and hybrid control strategies. An analytical model representing a simplified physical model of a submarine hull is developed, including the effects of ring-stiffeners, bulkheads, and external fluid loading. At low frequencies, rotation of the propeller results in discrete tones at the blade passing frequency and its harmonics. The fluctuating forces at the propeller are transmitted through the propulsion system, resulting in excitation of the low frequency hull vibrational modes, which in turn results in a high level of structure-borne radiated noise. In this work tuned vibration absorbers, active vibration control, and hybrid vibration absorbers are used to attenuate the breathing and bending modes of the submerged hull. The control performance of a hybrid vibration absorber is compared to the attenuation achieved using a passive absorber and the control performance of a fully active system. Results show that implementation of the hybrid vibration absorber results in significant attenuation of the structural and acoustic responses of the hull. The hybrid vibration absorber also requires a control force of lower magnitude compared with a fully active control system.
Remote Sensing Scene Classification Via Multigranularity Alternating Feature Mining

Models based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved remarkable advances in high-resolution remote sensing (HRRS) images scene classification, but there are still challenges due to the high similarity among different categories and loss of local information. To address this issue, a multigranularity alternating feature mining (MGA-FM) framework is proposed in this article to learn and fuse both global and local information for HRRS scene classification. First, a region confusion mechanism is adopted to guide network's shallow layers to adaptively learn the salient features of distinguishing regions. Second, an alternating comprehensive training strategy is designed to capture and fuse shallow local feature information and deep semantic information to enhance feature representation capabilities. In particular, the MGA-FM framework can be flexibly embedded in various CNN backbone networks as a training mechanism. Extensive experimental results and visualization analysis on three remote sensing scene datasets indicated that the proposed method can achieve competitive classification performance.
Time-dependent simulations of point explosions with heat conduction

A hydrodynamic-diffusion code is used to simulate a point explosion. The gas motion is governed by both hydrodynamics and nonlinear heat conduction and is a combination of the well-known, self-similar Taylor–Sedov spherically expanding shock wave and the spherically expanding thermal wave. Two problems are discussed. In the first problem, a similarity solution exists if the diffusion coefficient is given in terms of powers of density and temperature which also define the ambient spatial density profile. If the initial explosion energy is small, the diffusive effect is limited to a region behind the shock. However, if the explosion energy is large, the thermal front precedes the hydrodynamic front, which is then an isothermal shock. In the second problem, the initial density is constant and the diffusion coefficient depends on only a power of the temperature. In this case, the solution is not self-similar; in early times, heat conduction dominates; in late times—hydrodynamics. The problems were previously .
A statistical investigation into the shape of the globular cluster luminosity distribution

Recent observations of the globular clusters in the Milky Way and M31 confirm that their luminosities follow a relatively simple distribution, the globular cluster luminosity function (GCLF), that is uni-modal and nearly symmetric. Maximum-likelihood methods are used to fit three simple types of analytic functions (Gaussian, Cauchy, and t) to the GCLFs in these two galaxies. The analytic function which best describes the GCLFs is found to be the t distribution with a shape parameter of μ ∼ 5
Long-Term Follow-Up of Biological Reconstruction with Free Fibular Graft after Resection of Extremity Diaphyseal Bone Tumors

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications of reconstruction with a composite free fibula inside other biological grafts. We retrospectively reviewed 26 patients who underwent reconstruction after bone tumor resection of the diaphysis of the long bone. Surgical data, time to bony union, functional outcomes, and complications were evaluated in all cases. The median follow-up was 72.5 months. The limb salvage rate was 100%. Primary osseous union was achieved in 90.4% of the junctions. The union rates at the metaphyseal and diaphyseal junctions were 100% and 85.7%, respectively (p = 0.255). The mean time of bony union in the upper (87.5%) and lower (91.7%) extremity was 4.6 ± 1.6 months and 6.9 ± 2 months, respectively. The mean MSTS score was 27.2 ± 3.2, with a mean MSTS rating of 90.7%. Complications occurred in 15.4% of the cases. The administration of vascularized or non-vascularized grafts did not significantly influence the union time (p = 0.875), functional outcome (p = 0.501), or blood loss (p = 0.189), but showed differences in operation time (p = 0.012) in lower extremity reconstruction. A composite free fibula inside other biological grafts provides a reasonable and durable option for osseous oncologic reconstruction of the long bone diaphysis of the extremities with an acceptable rate of complications. A higher union rate was achieved after secondary bone grafting. In lower-extremity reconstruction, two plates may be considered a better option for internal fixation. Vascularizing the fibula did not significantly affect the union time.
Bilingual Education and Learning Achievements in Anglophone and Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa

Background: There is limited evidence on the potential benefits of bilingual medium of instruction (MOI) in sub-Saharan Africa. Purpose: This study examines the association between bilingual MOI and learning outcomes in Senegal and Zambia, analyzes how the association varies among students from different linguistic backgrounds, and estimates how consistent the relational patterns are between the two countries. Design and methods: The study Employs hierarchical linear modelling with PISA for Development 2018 data. Results: Results show that bilingual MOI is negatively associated with reading but not mathematics and science in Senegal, but it is not associated with any of these learning achievement measures in Zambia. However, the association may be positive or negative across student linguistic backgrounds in both countries. Moreover, the relational patterns between the countries may be consistent or inconsistent depending on the measure of learning achievements or whether we consider a direct or indirect relation. Implications of the findings were discussed.
Performance Analysis of a 4H-SiC n-p-n Phototransistor With Floating Base for Ultraviolet Light Detection

A 4H-SiC n-p-n bipolar phototransistor detector (PTD) with a floating-base configuration is fabricated and studied in this work. The PTD exhibits low dark current and high responsivity in the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength band, which results in a large photo-to-dark current ratio (PDCR). The optical gain of the PTD is found highly dependent on the incident light intensity, which is larger at high light levels. Nevertheless, at low light levels, a unity gain is obtained, which is limited by the recombination current within the emitter–base (E–B) junction. The PTD further exhibits high-temperature operation potential and a detectivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7.06\times 10^{{12}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Hz<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\text {1/2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/W can be achieved at 150 °C. The transient response characteristics of the PTD are characterized as a function of incident power density and temperatures. It is found that optical gain and junction capacitance are both important for explaining the variation trends of response time. Finally, a demonstration board is designed and fabricated to test the potential of the SiC PTD for UV radiometer applications. When operating in active mode, the PTD circuit could exhibit reasonable linear response to incident UV power density.
Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profile Indicates Potential Epigenetic Regulation of Aging in the Rhesus Macaque Thymus

We analyzed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA sequencing data of two young (1 year old) and two adult (9 years old) rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to characterize the genomic DNA methylation profile of the thymus and explore the molecular mechanism of age-related changes in the thymus. Combining the two-omics data, we identified correlations between DNA methylation and gene expression and found that DNA methylation played an essential role in the functional changes of the aging thymus, especially in immunity and coagulation. The hypomethylation levels of C3 and C5AR2 and the hypermethylation level of C7 may lead to the high expressions of these genes in adult rhesus macaque thymuses, thus activating the classical complement pathway and the alternative pathway and enhancing their innate immune function. Adult thymuses had an enhanced coagulation pathway, which may have resulted from the hypomethylation and upregulated expressions of seven coagulation-promoting factor genes (F13A1, CLEC4D, CLEC4E, FCN3, PDGFRA, FGF2 and FGF7) and the hypomethylation and low expression of CPB2 to inhibit the degradation of blood clots. Furthermore, the functional decline in differentiation, activation and maturation of T cells in adult thymuses was also closely related to the changes in methylation levels and gene expression levels of T cell development genes (CD3G, GAD2, ADAMDEC1 and LCK) and the thymogenic hormone gene TMPO. A comparison of the age-related methylated genes among four mammal species revealed that most of the epigenetic clocks were species-specific. Furthermore, based on the genomic landscape of allele-specific DNA methylation, we identified several age-related clustered sequence-dependent allele-specific DNA methylated (cS-ASM) genes. Overall, these DNA methylation patterns may also help to assist with understanding the mechanisms of the aging thymus with the epigenome.
The Effects of Isometric Fatigue on Trunk Muscle Stiffness: Implications for Shear-Wave Elastography Measurements

Muscle stiffness has been implicated as a possible factor in low back pain risk. There are few studies on the effects of isometric fatigue on the shear modulus of trunk muscles. This study aimed to investigate the effects of trunk isometric fatigue on the passive and active (during low and high-level contractions) shear moduli of the erector spinae (ES) and superficial and deep multifidus (MF) muscles. We assessed passive and active shear modulus using shear-wave elastography in healthy young participants (n = 22; 11 males, 11 females), before and after an isometric trunk extension fatigue protocol. Maximal voluntary force decreased from 771.2 ± 249.8 N before fatigue to 707.3 ± 204.1 N after fatigue (−8.64%; p = 0.003). Passive shear modulus was significantly decreased after fatigue in the MF muscle (p = 0.006–0.022; Cohen’s d = 0.40–46), but not the ES muscle (p = 0.867). Active shear modulus during low-level contraction was not affected by fatigue (p = 0.697–0.701), while it was decreased during high-level contraction for both muscles (p = 0.011; d = 0.29–0.34). Sex-specific analysis indicated the decrease in ES shear modulus was significant in males (p = 0.015; d = 0.31), but not in females (p = 0.140). Conversely, the shear modulus in superficial MF had a statistically significant decrease in females (p = 0.002; d = 0.74) but not in males (p = 0.368). These results have important implications for further investigations of the mechanistic interaction between physical workloads, sex, muscle stiffness (and other variables affecting trunk stability and neuromuscular control), and the development/persistence of low back pain.
Analysis of Tonsil Tissues from Patients Diagnosed with Chronic Tonsillitis—Microbiological Profile, Biofilm-Forming Capacity and Histology

Chronic tonsillitis (CT) is a global health issue which can impair patient’s quality of life and has an important socioeconomic impact due to the nonrational use of antibiotics, increased antimicrobial resistance and frequent need for surgical treatment. In order to isolate and identify the causing agents of CT, a total of 79 postoperative palatine and adenoid tissue samples were obtained from the ENT Clinic, KBC Zvezdara, Belgrade, Serbia. Culture identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS and the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were tested for biofilm forming capability and antibiotic susceptibility. Additionally, a histological examination of palatine and adenoid tissue was performed in order to detect the presence of CT-causing bacteria. The slight majority of participants were females with median age of 28 years for adult patients (group I) and 6 years for children (group II). Analysis of the incidence of bacteria isolated from tissue samples in both groups showed the highest prevalence of S. aureus, Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus parasanquinis. In addition to interfollicular hyperplasia, colonies of species S. aureus were detected in histological material. The presence of biofilm might be the reason for the recurrence of infection. Therefore, searching for a new treatment of CT is of great importance.
Assemblage drawings as talking points: Deleuze, posthumans and climate-activist teachers

Abstract In this paper, we employ Deleuzian philosophy to explore the complex challenges confronting teachers and education systems posed by the climate emergency and the implications of the resulting posthumanist turn. Self-identified climate-activist teachers working in schools in Aotearoa New Zealand were asked to draw Deleuzian assemblages of their educational realities and of themselves while contemplating the climate emergency. Their thought-provoking drawings were used as semiotic artefacts during unstructured Zoom interviews, leading to rich conversations. Through this process, the drawings channel affect within the research assemblage, entangling the reader actively into the research process. Insights gained from the participants problematise the perspectives of teachers in response to the climate emergency and lead us to conceptualise the potential of teachers as Deleuze’s nomadic change makers toward posthuman futures.
Existence and non-existence for strongly coupled quasi-linear cooperative elliptic systems

We study the prototype model of the boundary value problem where Ω ⊂ R n ( n ≥ 2) is a connected smooth domain, and the exponents m > 1 and a,b,c,d ≥ 0 are non-negative numbers. Under appropriate conditions on the exponents m , a , b , c and d , and on the domain Ω, a variety of results on a priori estimates, existence and non-existence of positive solutions have established.
Collisional detachment of electrons and ion molecule reactions in oxygen

Collisional detachment in oxygen was studied for pressures of about 20-60 Torr and with mass analysis which also allowed conversion rates to be calculated. For O-, delta 1/N (detachment coefficient/gas density) was found to be about 5*10-18 cm2 at E/N (field strength/gas density) of about 50 Td where for O2-, delta 2/N approximately 1*10-18 cm2. The need for an accurate measurement of the conversion rate for O- to O2- is emphasized.
Emission-line mapping of the dwarf nova IP Pegasi in outburst and quiescence

Time-resolved spectroscopy covering half an orbit and one eclipse during an outburst of the dwarf nova IP Peg are presented and compared with quiescent data. The outburst spectra show strong Balmer and He II 4686 A emission lines that are atypical of outbursting dwarf novae. Double-peaked velocity profiles and rotational distortions during eclipse show that the lines arise primarily in a Keplerian accretional disk. The He II line profile is filled in between the two disk peaks by non-Keplerian emission from close to the white dwarf, possibly indicative of a compact outflowing wind or inflowing magnetic accretion column. During outburst, an accretion rate of roughly 10 to the 17th g/s is needed to acccount for the continuum emission of the disk. The associated boundary layer generates soft X-ray and Lyman continuum fluxes sufficient to photoionize the disk's He II and Balmer emission-line regions. The disk appears to shield the red star totally from the soft X-rays, and in the equatorial region, from the Lyman continuum. 46 refs.
Robust convex conic optimization in D-induced duality framework

Research of convex conic optimization becomes spry thanks to the powerful interior point method while due to uncertainty in practice, robustness of a solution of an optimization problem is emphasized. This article incorporates robustness into a general convex conic optimization problem and shows its deterministic equivalence under the D-duality framework, in which one needs only to compute a D-induced convex cone, which is generally difficult. While for some special case this paper shows that its tractable. Three kinds of applications in robust location, robust fitting and robust multi-stage investment problems are shown to illustrate the unification of this framework
Two-dimensional computer simulations of electrostatic solitary waves observed by Geotail spacecraft

We performed computer simulations of electrostatic solitary waves (ESW), which correspond to broadband electrostatic noise (BEN), observed by Geotail spacecraft in the magnetotail. According to Geotail/WFC data analysis, ESW are composed of sequences of impulsive solitary waves, and their potentials are revealed to have uniform structures in the direction perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field. We performed a series of two-dimensional electrostatic particle simulations with a cold electron beam drifting against background hot electrons along the ambient magnetic field. In these simulations, spatial potentials are excited by the initial electron beam instability. They coalesce with each other and form potential troughs uniform in the direction perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field, as predicted by the Geotail observations. We varied the magnitude of the ambient magnetic field and found that this parameter critically affects the ESW formation process. These simulation results indicate that ESW are excited by the electron beam instability in the presence of the static magnetic field with a certain magnitude. ESW are also subject to the enhanced thermal fluctuations due to the limited number of superparticles in the simulations.
Electron impact excitation of positive ions

Non-relativistic Coulomb-Born-Oppenheimer reactance matrices and cross-sections are given for all transitions between the Is, 2s and 2p states in He+ and in hydrogen-like ions of large nuclear charge. From these results some cross-sections for intercombination transitions in highly charged non-hydrogenic ions are estimated.
Far field asymptotic of the two-dimensional linearised sloping beach problem

The inverse Mellin transform solution for the two-dimensional linearised inviscid beach problem is used to derive far field asymptotic expansions. It is shown that a Poincare expansion exists which is uniformly valid for all angles in the range of slopes considered.Errors are noted in well-known representations of the solution for special slope angles, and the corrected forms indicate a possible change of wave type from progressing to standing as the bed is approached at a fixed distance from the shoreline. This change is shown to affect the steady second-order current near the bed, and reversal points of this current are computed for various beaches. The locations of these points are found to migrate seawards as the beach angle is decreased.
DETERMINANTS OF THE INTENTION TO PARTICIPATE IN WAQF: ALTRUISM, TRUST, AND RELIGIOSITY

This study aims to determine community groups' behavior in participating in waqf. One of the motives that waqf marketers must capture is altruistic behavior in waqf. Altruism is a feeling of wanting to prosper others so that personal interests are sometimes not always important. The feelings of people who always want to help others must be seen and converted into one of the marketing tools in the future. Religiosity is proposed as a moderation of one's altruistic nature in participating in waqf. This study uses the Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) model, with a total of 61 active waqf in Indonesia. The main finding revealed that altruism significantly affected trust, although it did not affect the intention to participate in waqf. Another significant result reveals that Islamic religiosity moderates the effect of altruism on the intention to participate in waqf if the customer (wakif) has felt trust. In this case, someone with a higher level of religiosity has a greater intention to participate in waqf compared to those with lower religiosity. The significant contribution of this research is the developed theory about the relationship between altruistic attitude, belief, and intention to participate in waqf. This study also recommends practitioners making marketing strategies (segmentation-targeting-positioning) that use customer journeys in altruistic and religious programs. The marketing program is structured in order to find the interest of new wakif candidates as well as to prove credibility so that it will gain trust and in the end will increase a person's intention to participate in waqf.
A Structure-Based Mechanism for the Denaturing Action of Urea, Guanidinium Ion and Thiocyanate Ion

Simple Summary The detailed characterization of urea binding sites in protein structures shows that urea can establish multiple types of interactions, in line with recent findings reported for guanidinium and thiocyanate, thus confirming that promiscuity is a general property of protein denaturants. Our analyses support a denaturing model based on protein-denaturant direct interactions to practically equal and independent sites. We also underscore insightful features that can inform on the milder denaturing power displayed by urea. Abstract An exhaustive analysis of all the protein structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank, here performed, has allowed the identification of hundredths of protein-bound urea molecules and the structural characterization of such binding sites. It emerged that, even though urea molecules are largely involved in hydrogen bonds with both backbone and side chains, they are also able to make van der Waals contacts with nonpolar moieties. As similar findings have also been previously reported for guanidinium and thiocyanate, this observation suggests that promiscuity is a general property of protein denaturants. Present data provide strong support for a mechanism based on the protein-denaturant direct interactions with a denaturant binding model to equal and independent sites. In this general framework, our investigations also highlight some interesting insights into the different denaturing power of urea compared to guanidinium/thiocyanate.