Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resource-Based Industries and CO2 Emissions Embedded in Value Chains: A Regional Analysis for Selected Countries in Latin America

This paper analyzes the relative content of CO2 emissions embedded in regional supply chains in four different countries in Latin America: Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. We estimate both the trade in value-added (TiVA) and the CO2 content embedded in interregional and foreign exports, mapping the relative intensity of CO2 emission levels on value chains. For that, we applied an inter-regional input-output model to determine the interplay between the CO2 emission embedded in goods of resource-based industries and their linkages with other economic industries, revealing a map of CO2 emissions on trade in value-added trade from a subnational dimension. The main result reveals an interregional dependence, indicating a higher level of embedded CO2 on value-added in each regional economy for resource-based industries, usually intense in CO2 emissions. This finding has considerable implications for the sustainable development goals of these subnational areas, as the spatial concentration of production leads to an unbalanced regional capacity for promoting reductions in CO2 emissions along with value chains.
Banana seed exchange networks in Burundi – Linking formal and informal systems

Seed system network analysis can reveal exchange connections between stakeholders and test scenarios such as those of seed systems shocks. We investigated the seed exchange network structure, disease surveillance risk, and gender contribution in Burundi, under two banana disease risk scenarios. Two sites where banana bunchy top disease (BBTD) is endemic in Cibitoke Province were compared with a site free of the disease in Gitega Province. All sites had formal seed interventions using community nurseries. A quantitative survey on seed sharing was done followed by a qualitative evaluation through focus group discussions. Banana seed sourcing options were fewer in the disease-free site, which also had higher cultivar diversity. Most farmers sourced seed informally within a three-kilometer radius. Seed sharing within and between villages was based on social and family linkages, especially for women. The interaction between the formal system and informal seed exchange was more active where new cultivars, or better seed quality was expected. The BBTD endemic region had lower seed quality assessment stringency. Farmers used both direct mother plant assessment and seed source reputation in seed evaluation. The formal banana seed systems are sources of new varieties, and trusted for clean seed but the informal system was still used as a main source of seed, especially local cultivars. Assessing disease surveillance scenarios shows women in a weaker position for healthy seed acquisition. Identifying the roles of individuals in seed systems can support decision processes for seed interventions in vegetatively propagated crops.
Immunomodulatory Effects by Photodynamic Treatment of Glioblastoma Cells In Vitro

Multimodal treatment adding immunotherapy and photodynamic treatment (PDT) to standard therapy might improve the devastating therapeutic outcome of glioblastoma multiforme patients. As a first step, we provide investigations to optimize dendritic cell (DC) vaccination by using PDT and ionizing radiation (IR) to achieve maximal synergistic effects. In vitro experiments were conducted on murine glioblastoma GL261 cells, primary DCs differentiated from bone marrow and T cells, isolated from the spleen. Induction of cell death, reactive oxygen species, and inhibition of proliferation by tetrahydroporphyrin-tetratosylat (THPTS)-PDT and IR were confirmed by WST-1, LDH, ROS, and BrdU assay. Tumor cargo (lysate or cells) for DC load was treated with different combinations of THPTS-PDT, freeze/thaw cycles, and IR and immunogenicity analyzed by induction of T-cell activation. Cellular markers (CD11c, 83, 86, 40, 44, 69, 3, 4, 8, PD-L1) were quantified by flow cytometry. Cytotoxic T-cell response was evaluated by calcein AM assay. Immunogenicity of THPTS-PDT-treated GL261 cells lysate was superior to IR-treated lysate, or treated whole cells proven by increased DC phagocytosis, T-cell adhesion, proliferation, cytolytic activity, and cytokine release. These data strongly support the application of PDT together with IR for optimal immunogenic cell death induction in tumor cell lysate used to pulse DC vaccines.
HuH-7-Lunet BLR Cells Propagate Rat Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in a Cell Culture System Optimized for HEV

The family Hepeviridae comprises the species Orthohepevirus A–D (HEV-A to -D). HEV-C genotype 1 (HEV-C1, rat HEV) is able to infect humans. This study investigated whether an optimized HEV-A cell culture system is able to propagate the cell culture-derived rat HEV, and if de novo isolation of the virus from rat liver is possible. We tested the liver carcinoma cell lines PLC/PRF/5, HuH-7, and HuH-7-Lunet BLR for their susceptibility to HEV-C1 strains. Cells were infected with the cell culture-derived HEV-C1 strain R63 and rat liver-derived strain R68. Cells were maintained in MEMM medium, which was refreshed every 3–4 days. The viral load of HEV-C1 was determined by RT-qPCR in the supernatant and expressed as genome copies per mL (c/mL). Rat HEV replication was most efficient in the newly introduced HuH-7-Lunet BLR cell line. Even if the rat HEV isolate had been pre-adapted to PLC/PRF/5 by multiple passages, replication in HuH-7-Lunet BLR was still at least equally effective. Only HuH-7-Lunet BLR cells were susceptible to the isolation of HEV-C1 from the liver homogenate. These results suggest HuH-7-Lunet BLR as the most permissive cell line for rat HEV. Our HEV-C1 cell culture system may be useful for basic research, the animal-free generation of large amounts of the virus as well as for the testing of antiviral compounds and drugs.
The generation and reactions of sulfenate anions. An update

Sulfenate anions (RSO-) represent the conjugate base of sulfenic acids (RSOH) and are known predominately for their S-nucleophilicity. In the early stages of sulfenate research this often meant the formation of a benzyl or methyl sulfoxide, often to confirm the intermediacy of a sulfenate. Many recent contributions have demonstrated the diversity of functionalization of sulfenates, and those new investigations form the basis of this review. This synopsis begins by describing the predominant methods to generate sulfenates and aspects of their structure. The sections addressing sulfenate reaction chemistry focus on stereoselective S-functionalization chemistry, transition metal catalyzed S–C bond formation (cross-coupling) and bond cleavage, and the discovery of particularly novel reactions and applications. This latter area includes a description of the organocatalytic roles played by sulfenates and some new metal-free sulfenate coupling chemistry. The literature is covered to early 2022. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The structure of PTSD. Development of the Post Traumatic Symptom scale from a clinician-based perspective

ABSTRACT Background: Nations marked by a Marxist-Leninist ideology have suffered greatly due to a culture of abuse emphasized by the absolute absence of psychology, thus contributing to a diminished ability in recognizing the consequences of traumatic experiences. Objective: To improve the assessment of the presence and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in such a cultural context, our paper aimed at developing an alternative self-report measure for PTSD - the Post Traumatic Symptom Scale (PTSs), developed by clinicians with wide relevant expertise, based on the natural language people use to describe its subjective experience. This research used multiple samples consistent with the corresponding objectives. Mokken Scale Analysis and the Classical Test Theory were both employed. The proposed scale was tested against five competing PTSD models, whilst also investigating the symptoms’ clusters in two different samples by using, to our knowledge, a network analysis approach for the first time. Method: The results indicated excellent psychometric properties regarding internal consistency and temporal reliability, as well as convergent and discriminant validity. The results of MSA showed that the scale fully conforms to the assumptions of the monotone homogeneity model, interpreted as positive evidence for its use in clinical purposes. The factor analyses pointed that the newer models outperformed the standard DSM-5 model, with bifactor models displaying better fit indexes than second-order models. Finally, a distinct pattern of symptom activation in the high-risk group (i.e. first-responders) was found, bringing support for symptoms overlapping between PTSD and affective disorders, thus reinforcing the idea of bridge symptoms which has significant clinical implications. Results: This study presents an alternative sound instrument for measuring PTSD symptomatology focused on how people naturally describe their subjective experiences. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed alongside limitations. HIGHLIGHTS The construction of PTSs encompasses cultural trauma and one’s subjective experience. PTSs was tested against the five major competing models of PTSD. Network analyses suggest different patterns in a student sample vs. a first-responders one, with the accent on the negative alterations in cognitions and mood (NACM) model.
The Role of Platelet-Selectin as a Marker of Thrombocyte Aggregation on Cerebral Sinus Venous Thrombosis

Abstract Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CVST) is a disease caused by occlusion of intracranial venous structures, including the cerebral sinuses, cortical veins, and the proximal jugular vein. Delay in diagnosis and therapy can lead to complications such as bleeding infarction and even death. Thrombosis that causes CVST is the process of forming a blood clot in a blood vessel. Thrombosis occurs when the balance between thrombogenic factors and the protective mechanisms of thrombogenesis is disturbed. Platelet function abnormalities in CVST cases can be in the form of impaired adhesion function, impaired release or secretion reactions, and impaired aggregation function. Dysfunction and disruption of endothelial structure due to inflammation causes platelet adhesion so that platelets stick together with collagen in endothelial cells. Platelet-selectin is a type 1 transmembrane protein in platelet granules and megakaryocytes and plays a role in mediating interactions between leukocytes and ligands that help the adhesion process of leukocytes and platelets so that they can be used as predictors of thrombosis in patients with CVST.
Contribution of the Precipitation‐Recycling Process to the Wetting Trend in Xinjiang, China

Xinjiang, China has experienced a significant wetting trend since the mid‐1980s in the context of climate warming. However, the features and mechanism associated with the water cycles in this region remain unclear. In this study, the contributions of the precipitation‐recycling process to the wet‐season (May‐August) wetting trend are investigated using a dynamic recycling model and the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Application version 2 reanalysis product from 1982 to 2020. The results show that the mean precipitation recycling ratio is 37.91%, implying that Xinjiang precipitation is mainly contributed by external moisture. Moreover, the recycling ratio exhibits a significantly increasing trend of 2.29% per decade, and this increased recycled precipitation contributes 55.55% to the wet‐season wetting trend in Xinjiang. The amount of externally advected moisture transported to Xinjiang has also increased in recent decades, accounting for 44.45% of the wetting trend. Further analysis reveals that a deepening anomalous trough over Central Asia accompanied by strengthening moisture inflow through the southwest and south boundaries induce the increased inflow of moisture to Xinjiang, thereby increasing external‐cycle precipitation in Xinjiang. Along with the strengthened ascending movement in the lower troposphere, the increasing atmospheric moisture content induced by enhanced evapotranspiration is beneficial for recycling precipitation in Xinjiang. These results imply that both the internal and external water cycles deserve further attention when exploring the wetting phenomenon in Xinjiang.
Factors Associated with School Sports Injury among Elementary and Middle School Students in Shanghai, China

School sports activity (SSA) is beneficial to gaining and maintaining optimal health among elementary and middle school students but might increase risks for school sports injury (SSI). This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the incidence and identify risk factors of SSI among Chinese elementary and middle school students in Shanghai. Students in grades 4–5 (elementary) and 7–9 (middle) from three k-12 schools (aged from 9 to 16 years old) in Shanghai selected via the method of cluster random sampling were invited to participate in the study. Information on socio-demography, sleep duration, individual internal and external risk factors, and SSI experiences in the past 12 months was collected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to estimate the risk factors of SSI. A total of 1303 participants completed the questionnaires, with an overall SSI incidence rate of 29.5%. Along with boys, elementary school students, and sports team members, students scoring high on internal and external risk factors were at higher risk for SSA. In summary, SSI was prevalent among elementary and middle school students in Shanghai, China, and was associated with several modifiable risk factors. The findings provide insights regarding actions that could be taken to reduce the occurrence of SSI and maximize the benefits of SSA, including improvements in safety education, maintenance of facilities and equipment, and completion of warm-up exercises.
Effects of asymmetric stroke deviation on the aerodynamic performance of flapping wing

The kinematics of insect flapping flight are complex and asymmetric, which are contributed to their superior flying capabilities, and the design of novel flapping micro air vehicles can draw inspiration from relevant researches. Previous studies usually focus on the wing with asymmetric stroke or pitch motions. A trajectory with asymmetric deviation motion, named as “pear-shaped” pattern, is proposed in current work. The hovering aerodynamics and vortex dynamics of a rigid flapping wing have been numerically investigated by comparing with that of “line-shaped” pattern with no deviation. In order to have a better insight into the influences of the asymmetric deviation, we change the kinematic parameters, that is, stroke amplitude, pitching amplitude, deviation amplitude, and phase lag between stroke and pitch angles. The results show that the wing with asymmetric deviation exhibits superior capability in lift enhancement for most of the cases analyzed, which is accompanied by the extra power cost and slight reduction in efficiency. The asymmetric deviation in cases with high stroke amplitude or low pitching amplitude may be considered as a cost-saving strategy, subject to slight damage on lift generation (if acceptable). Additionally, the asymmetric deviation brings a strong asymmetry into the instantaneous forces during one flapping cycle. The underlying lift-enhancing mechanism is explored by examining the dominant vortex structures in the adjacent flow field of the wing, which is mainly attributed to the changes in the effective angle of attack, increasing with downward deviation and decreasing with upward deviation.
Common bean yield responses to nitrogen fertilization in Brazilian no-till soils: A meta-analysis

: Although numerous studies have been conducted with common bean regarding nitrogen (N) dose, time of application, and source in no-till (NT) soils in Brazil, the heterogeneity of the results makes it difficult to establish technical recommendations based on individualized studies. This meta-analysis aimed to rank the main factors influencing common bean response to N management in NT areas. The database consisted of 99 scientific papers that encompassed 160 trials and 2394 observations. In general, the probability of obtaining a positive response to N application in common bean productivity was 77 %, with an average 18 % increment (358 kg ha -1 ). The main factors that affect the response of common bean grain yield to N fertilization and the choice of the applied N dose are soil organic matter (OM) content and the preceding crop. In soils with OM content >20 g kg -1 , the N dose that determines the highest economic return is 50 kg ha -1 . For soils with OM content <20 g kg -1 , the N dose to be applied is 70 and 100 kg ha -1 for crops preceded by legumes and grasses, respectively. The timing of the N application did not result in a significant difference in common bean yield in 62 % of the trials. However, the results showed that the average yield increase in the common bean went from 15 % (293 kg ha -1 ) with a single application to 32 % (622 kg ha -1 ) with split N applications. All N sources tested showed similar gains to those obtained with N application through urea. Excluding situations with high doses of N application (>100 kg ha -1 ), inoculating common bean seeds increased grain yields by 6 % on average (118 kg ha -1 ). The combined analysis of the available results demonstrated that the crop recommendations used in Brazilian soils under NT could be refined considering the soil OM concentration and preceding crop. Additionally, seed inoculation and N dose splitting in the form of common urea should be recommended.
The Development of Grade 8 Student Analytical Thinking and Learning Achievement Using the Integrated Problem-Based Learning and Think-Pair-Share Technique

The purposes of the current study include (1) to examine the effect of integrated problem-based learning and Think-Pair-Share technique on the development of grade 8 students’ analytical thinking and (2) to examine the effect of integrated problem-based learning and Think-Pair-Share technique on the development of grade 8 students’ science learning achievement. The participants were 42 students in a school in Thailand. The purposive sampling method was employed. The instruments include a learning management plan of force and movement, analytical thinking test, and a learning achievement test. The data were analyzed using percentages, mean scores, standard deviation, and a paired samples t-test. The results of the study could be concluded that the integration of problem-based learning and Think-Pair-Share collaborative learning strategies was beneficial in both developing processes of thinking and improving students’ knowledge of class contents. The results of the study could also illustrate how learners gained benefits from the integrated methods and imply how they should be useful in the pedagogical and academic setting.
Resistance Exercise Training Improves Metabolic and Inflammatory Control in Adipose and Muscle Tissues in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

This study investigates whether ladder climbing (LC), as a model of resistance exercise, can reverse whole-body and skeletal muscle deleterious metabolic and inflammatory effects of high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity in mice. To accomplish this, Swiss mice were fed for 17 weeks either standard chow (SC) or an HF diet and then randomly assigned to remain sedentary or to undergo 8 weeks of LC training with progressive increases in resistance weight. Prior to beginning the exercise intervention, HF-fed animals displayed a 47% increase in body weight (BW) and impaired ability to clear blood glucose during an insulin tolerance test (ITT) when compared to SC animals. However, 8 weeks of LC significantly reduced BW, adipocyte size, as well as glycemia under fasting and during the ITT in HF-fed rats. LC also increased the phosphorylation of AktSer473 and AMPKThr172 and reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1-β) contents in the quadriceps muscles of HF-fed mice. Additionally, LC reduced the gene expression of inflammatory markers and attenuated HF-diet-induced NADPH oxidase subunit gp91phox in skeletal muscles. LC training was effective in reducing adiposity and the content of inflammatory mediators in skeletal muscle and improved whole-body glycemic control in mice fed an HF diet.
Observation of the Specific Heat Jump in the Se-Substituted MoTe2 Single Crystals

1T’-MoTe2 has gained considerable attention owing to its topological character. This material undergoes spatial inversion symmetry at 300 K. A structural transition to the Td phase, which is represented by a kink in the resistivity, was observed below 250 K without inversion symmetry along the c-axis, while superconductivity was observed at 0.1 K. Substitution of Se into this material suppressed the appearance of the kink structure and increased the superconducting transition temperature to 2 K, which is consistent with previously reported results on polycrystalline samples. However, a specific heat jump was observed in the obtained single crystals, which did not exhibit kink structures in their resistivity. The results suggest that the Td structure was not suppressed entirely after Se substitution and that superconductivity was achieved without inversion symmetry.
Isotopic niche overlap between sympatric Australian snubfin and humpback dolphins

Abstract Ecological niche theory predicts the coexistence of closely related species is promoted by resource partitioning in space and time. Australian snubfin (Orcaella heinsohni) and humpback (Sousa sahulensis) dolphins live in sympatry throughout most of their range in northern Australian waters. We compared stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in their skin to investigate resource partitioning between these ecologically similar species. Skin samples were collected from live Australian snubfin (n = 31) and humpback dolphins (n = 23) along the east coast of Queensland in 2014–2015. Both species had similar δ13C and δ15N values and high (>50%) isotopic niche space overlap, suggesting that they feed at similar trophic levels, have substantial dietary overlap, and rely on similar basal food resources. Despite similarities, snubfin dolphins were more likely to have a larger δ15N value than humpback dolphins, indicating they may forage on a wider diversity of prey. Humpback dolphins were more likely to have a larger δ13C range suggesting they may forage on a wider range of habitats. Overall, results suggest that subtle differences in habitat use and prey selection are likely the principal resource partitioning mechanisms enabling the coexistence of Australian snubfin and humpback dolphins.