Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computingextended abduction throughtransaction programs

To explain observations from nonmonotonic background theories, one often needs removal of some hypotheses as well as addition of other hypotheses. Moreover, some observations should not be explained, while some are to be explained. In order to formalize these situations, extended abduction was introduced by Inoue and Sakama (1995) to generalize traditional abduction in the sense that it can compute negative explanations by removing hypotheses and anti-explanations to unexplain negative observations. In this paper, we propose a computational mechanism for extended abduction. When a background theory is written in a normal logic program, we introduce its transaction program for computing extended abduction. A transaction program is a set of non-deterministic production rules that declaratively specify addition and deletion of abductive hypotheses. Abductive explanations are then computed by the fixpoint of a transaction program using a bottom-up model generation procedure. The correctness of the proposed procedure is shown for the class of acyclic covered abductive logic programs. In the context of deductive databases, a transaction program provides a declarative specification of database update.
Design and Implementation of a GSI-Based Convection-Allowing Ensemble Data Assimilation and Forecast System for the PECAN Field Experiment. Part I: Optimal Configurations for Nocturnal Convection Prediction Using Retrospective Cases

AbstractA real-time GSI-based and ensemble-based data assimilation (DA) and forecast system was implemented at the University of Oklahoma during the 2015 Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) experiment. Extensive experiments on the configuration of the cycled DA and on both the DA and forecast physics ensembles were conducted using retrospective cases to optimize the system design for nocturnal convection. The impacts of radar DA between 1200 and 1300 UTC, as well as the frequency and number of DA cycles and the DA physics configuration, extend through the following night. Ten-minute cycling of radar DA leads to more skillful forecasts than both more and less frequent cycling. The Thompson microphysics scheme for DA better analyzes the effects of morning convection on environmental moisture than WSM6, which improves the convection forecast the following night. A multi-PBL configuration during DA leads to less skillful short-term forecasts than even a relatively poorly performing single-PBL scheme.
Corn and soybean planting order decisions impact farm gross revenue

Rotating corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ], two of the most important crops globally, is a typical management choice in the US. The main reason the two crops are rotated is the increased yield compared to corn and soybean systems (Porter et al., 1997; Wilhelm and Wortmann, 2004; Stanger and Lauer, 2008; Grover et al., 2009; Mourtzinis et al., 2017a, 2017b) which were attributed to reduced pest pressure and improved soil properties. Within the same region, both crops are typically planted during the same spring interval; therefore, farmers who rotate both crops every year must decide which crop should be planted first. Due to the rotationrelated crop productivity gains and anticipated crop selling prices that year, it may be optimal to prioritize corn over soybean or vice versa as the first planted crop. Such a decision, however, involves consideration of many additional factors.
Estimating the displacement in precipitation forecasts using the Fractions Skill Score

The Fractions Skill Score (FSS) is a popular spatial verification metric commonly used for precipitation verification. In this study we focus on analysing the ability of FSS to provide meaningful information about the displacement between precipitation in one field compared to another. A simple overlap‐adjusted use of the FSS is introduced and a number of relevant idealized cases are analysed that show that the FSS can indeed be used to determine displacement in a meaningful way. It was found that the displacement provided by the FSS is directly related to the true displacements of precipitation but with larger contiguous precipitation objects having a much larger influence. Overall, the displacement provided via the FSS compares well with the average distance to the closest neighbouring precipitation object (assuming the objects are of similar size). It is recommended that the user should use a frequency (percentile) threshold when focussing on spatial differences unless biases are known to be small and adopt the overlap‐adjusted variant of the FSS displacement. If the frequency bias is very large the FSS‐derived displacements become less reliable. The same is true of any spatial comparison. A recipe for the use of the FSS for determining displacements is provided.
Progress in the Development of a High Power Helicon Plasma Source for the Materials Plasma Exposure Experiment

Abstract Proto-MPEX is a linear plasma device being used to study a novel RF source concept for the planned Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX), which will address plasma-materials interaction (PMI) for nuclear fusion reactors. Plasmas are produced using a large diameter helicon source operating at a frequency of 13.56 MHz at power levels up to 120 kW. In recent experiments the helicon source has produced deuterium plasmas with densities up to ~6 × 1019 m–3 measured at a location 2 m downstream from the antenna and 0.4 m from the target. Previous plasma production experiments on Proto-MPEX have generated lower density plasmas with hollow electron temperature profiles and target power deposition peaked far off axis. The latest experiments have produced flat Te profiles with a large portion of the power deposited on the target near the axis. This and other evidence points to the excitation of a helicon mode in this case.
Frictional Convergence in Rossby waves in Low Latitudes

The properties of Rossby waves in the surface boundary layer in the low latitudes are studied by the use of a very simplified model. It is shown that concentrated frictional convergence takes place at latitudes where the absolute value of the Coriolis parameter is equal to the frequency of Rossby wave. The frictional convergence associated with the vorticity field is also discussed.
Computational Materials Design for Ceramic Nuclear Waste Forms Using Machine Learning, First-Principles Calculations, and Kinetics Rate Theory

Ceramic waste forms are designed to immobilize radionuclides for permanent disposal in geological repositories. One of the principal criteria for the effective incorporation of waste elements is their compatibility with the host material. In terms of performance under environmental conditions, the resistance of the waste forms to degradation over long periods of time is a critical concern when they are exposed to natural environments. Due to their unique crystallographic features and behavior in nature environment as exemplified by their natural analogues, ceramic waste forms are capable of incorporating problematic nuclear waste elements while showing promising chemical durability in aqueous environments. Recent studies of apatite- and hollandite-structured waste forms demonstrated an approach that can predict the compositions of ceramic waste forms and their long-term dissolution rate by a combination of computational techniques including machine learning, first-principles thermodynamics calculations, and modeling using kinetic rate equations based on critical laboratory experiments. By integrating the predictions of elemental incorporation and degradation kinetics in a holistic framework, the approach could be promising for the design of advanced ceramic waste forms with optimized incorporation capacity and environmental degradation performance. Such an approach could provide a path for accelerated ceramic waste form development and performance prediction for problematic nuclear waste elements.
Transformational and Instructional Leadership in Cross-Thematic Teaching

Over the last decades, rigorous research has been carried out concerning the most appropriate leadership style of school principals and the two basic conceptual models of transformational and instructional leadership. However, the practices and behaviours of principals as they affect the successful implementation of cross-thematic integration have not been sufficiently explored. This article examines the relationship between the factors’ “transformational leadership” and “instructional leadership” for enhancing cross-thematic teaching. Quantitative empirical research was conducted on a sample of 251 principals of Greek primary schools. The results reveal a positive and statistically significant relationship between the two main factors of this study. RésuméAu cours des dernières décennies, des recherches rigoureuses ont été menées sur le mode de direction qui serait le plus approprié pour les directeurs d’école ainsi que sur les deux modèles conceptuels de base que sont le leadership transformationnel et le leadership pédagogique. Cependant, l’exploration n’a pas été suffisante en ce qui a trait aux pratiques et comportements des directeurs ayant un effet sur la mise en place réussie de l’intégration multithématique. Cet article examine le rapport entre les facteurs « leadership transformationnel » et « leadership pédagogique » qui permettrait d’améliorer l’enseignement multithématique. Pour ce faire, une recherche empirique quantitative a été menée sur un échantillon de 251 directeurs d’écoles primaires en Grèce. Les résultats révèlent un rapport positif et statistiquement significatif entre les deux facteurs principaux de cette étude. Keywords / Mots clés : school leadership, transformational leadership, physical education, cross-thematic teaching, structural equation modelling (SEM), Greece / leadership à l’école, leadership transformationnel, éducation physique, enseignementmultithématique, modélisation d’équations structurelles, Grèce
Deep Collaborative Autoencoder for Recommender Systems: A Unified Framework for Explicit and Implicit Feedback

In recent years, deep neural networks have yielded state-of-the-art performance on several tasks. Although some recent works have focused on combining deep learning with recommendation, we highlight three issues of existing works. First, most works perform deep content feature learning and resort to matrix factorization, which cannot effectively model the highly complex user-item interaction function. Second, due to the difficulty on training deep neural networks, existing models utilize a shallow architecture, and thus limit the expressiveness potential of deep learning. Third, neural network models are easy to overfit on the implicit setting, because negative interactions are not taken into account. To tackle these issues, we present a novel recommender framework called Deep Collaborative Autoencoder (DCAE) for both explicit feedback and implicit feedback, which can effectively capture the relationship between interactions via its non-linear expressiveness. To optimize the deep architecture of DCAE, we develop a three-stage pre-training mechanism that combines supervised and unsupervised feature learning. Moreover, we propose a popularity-based error reweighting module and a sparsity-aware data-augmentation strategy for DCAE to prevent overfitting on the implicit setting. Extensive experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate that DCAE can significantly advance the state-of-the-art.
How Does the Design of Consultation Pages Affect Patients’ Perception of Physician Authority and Willingness to Seek Offline Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This study aimed to assess the impact of the color and font size of a dialogue box on an online physician–patient interaction page on patients’ perceptions of the physician’s authority and their willingness to schedule an offline appointment. A 2 × 2 between-group experiment was conducted to compare the effects of two dialogue box colors (gold vs. grey) and two font sizes (large vs. regular) on patients’ perceptions. The results showed that a larger font size had a significant positive impact on patients’ perceptions of the physician’s authority, and the use of a gold-colored dialogue box also had a significant positive effect. A significant interaction was found between the dialogue box color and font size and patients’ perceptions of the physician’s authority. In addition, it was found that positive perceptions of the physician’s authority significantly affected patients’ willingness to schedule offline appointments and played a fully mediating role in the path of page design affecting offline appointment intentions. This study provides evidence that the design elements of a dialogue box—particularly, its color and font size—can influence patients’ perceptions of a physician’s authority and their willingness to schedule an offline appointment. These findings suggest that modifying the page design could improve the effectiveness of physician–patient communication.
Adapting a gas accretion scenario for migrating planets infargo3d

FARGO3D has been proposed to investigate numerically the gravitational interaction of a planet with the gas disc, providing original outcomes. However, FARGO3D does not consider the gas accretion of the planet which may affect the planetary migration process. Thus, the aim of this paper is to include a model for the gas accretion in the FARGO3D code. For this task, we choose Russell's scheme, which is an adaptation of Kley's model for the gas accretion on to migrating planets. Initially, we study the influence of the gas accretion on to the planet on type II migration of giant planets. For this purpose, we follow the evolution of planets in a 2D locally isothermal disc with a specific accretion rate and different values of viscosity and planetary mass considering two scenarios. In the first, the gas mass is withdrawn from the disc and is not added to the planet. In the second, the planets migrate, while their masses grow due to the gas accretion. Then, we extend our study to estimate the time needed for a low-mass planet to open a gap in the gas disc and compare its value with the characteristic time of type I migration.
Worst‐case stability and performance with mixed parametric and dynamic uncertainties

This work deals with computing the worst‐case stability and the worst‐case H∞ performance of linear time‐invariant systems subject to mixed real‐parametric and complex‐dynamic uncertainties in a compact parameter set. Our novel algorithmic approach is tailored to the properties of the nonsmooth worst‐case functions associated with stability and performance, and this leads to a fast and reliable optimization method, which finds good lower bounds of μ. We justify our approach theoretically by proving a local convergence certificate. Because computing μ is known to be NP‐hard, our technique should be used in tandem with a classical μ upper bound to assess global optimality. Extensive testing indicates that the technique is practically attractive. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Restoration Integrity in Primary Teeth Prepared Using Erbium/Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet Laser: A Randomized Split-Mouth Clinical Study

The most frequently used and universally accepted technique for removing caries is mechanical ablation of decayed tissues by rotating drills. New minimally invasive strategies, such as the use of lasers to perform highly controlled tissue ablation, have been introduced in dental practice. The aim of this study was to assess and compare treatment with a 2940 nm erbium/yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Er:YAG) laser versus a conventional rotary treatment during cavity preparation in children with regard to restoration integrity. In a randomized, controlled, blinded trial using a split-mouth design, 40 (9–12-year-old) children with 80 carious primary molars were included. The cavity in one quadrant was randomized to be treated conventionally using a bur, while the cavity in the other quadrant was prepared using an Er:YAG laser. At the one-year follow-up, clinical examinations were conducted to assess the integrity of the restorations according to the Ryge criteria. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 (IBM Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The average age of the participants was 9.4 ± 1.29 years. Males accounted for 51.4% of the participants. The Ryge criteria showed clinical success of restorations, and there was no discernible difference between the conventional and laser intervention techniques. Over one year, no statistically significant differences in the clinical integrity based on the Ryge criteria were found following class I cavity preparation in primary teeth with either procedure.
Trapped submanifolds contained into a null hypersurface of de Sitter spacetime

We study codimension two trapped submanifolds contained into one of the two following null hypersurfaces of de Sitter spacetime: (i) the future component of the light cone, and (ii) the past infinite of the steady state space. For codimension two compact spacelike submanifolds in the light cone we show that they are conformally diffeomorphic to the round sphere. This fact enables us to deduce that the problem of characterizing compact marginally trapped submanifolds into the light cone is equivalent to solving the Yamabe problem on the round sphere, allowing us to obtain our main classification result for such submanifolds. We also fully describe the codimension two compact marginally trapped submanifolds contained into the past infinite of the steady state space and characterize those having parallel mean curvature field. Finally, we consider the more general case of codimension two complete, non-compact, weakly trapped spacelike submanifolds contained into the light cone.
Fixed point results for multivalued mappings on a sequence in a closed ball with applications

In this paper, we establish fixed point results for semi α∗-admissible multivalued mappings satisfying a contractive condition of Reich type only for the elements in a sequence contained in closed ball in a complete dislocated metric space. As an application, we derive some new fixed point theorems for ordered metric space and metric space endowed with a graph. An example has been constructed to demonstrate the novelty of our results. Our results unify, extend, and generalize several comparable results in the existing literature. c ©2017 All rights reserved.
Impact of transgenerational host switch on gut bacterial assemblage in generalist pest, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Diet composition is vital in shaping gut microbial assemblage in many insects. Minimal knowledge is available about the influence of transgenerational diet transition on gut microbial community structure and function in polyphagous pests. This study investigated transgenerational diet-induced changes in Spodoptera littoralis larval gut bacteriome using 16S ribosomal sequencing. Our data revealed that 88% of bacterial populations in the S. littoralis larval gut comprise Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The first diet transition experiment from an artificial diet (F0) to a plant diet (F1), cabbage and cotton, caused an alteration of bacterial communities in the S. littoralis larval gut. The second transgenerational diet switch, where F1 larvae feed on the same plant in the F2 generation, displayed a significant variation suggesting further restructuring of the microbial communities in the Spodoptera larval gut. F1 larvae were also challenged with the plant diet transition at the F2 generation (cabbage to cotton or cotton to cabbage). After feeding on different plant diets, the microbial assemblage of F2 larvae pointed to considerable differences from other F2 larvae that continued on the same diet. Our results showed that S. littoralis larval gut bacteriome responds rapidly and inexplicably to different diet changes. Further experiments must be conducted to determine the developmental and ecological consequences of such changes. Nevertheless, this study improves our perception of the impact of transgenerational diet switches on the resident gut bacteriome in S. littoralis larvae and could facilitate future research to understand the importance of symbiosis in lepidopteran generalists better.
Postgraduate Students’ Attitudes Towards the Social and Economic Factors Affecting the Emergence of Anomie

: This study aimed at identifying the attitudes of postgraduate students in Jordanian universities towards the social factors affecting the emergence of anomie in Jordanian society. The method used was a descriptive analytical approach. The study sample consisted of 273 postgraduate students in five public Jordanian universities enrolled in the second semester of the academic year (2018/ 2019) for the degrees of higher diploma, master’s degree, and doctorate. The study sample was selected using the simple random way. The study used a questionnaire which consisted of (24) items that represent the social dimension affecting the emergence of anomie in Jordanian society. The study results showed that there is a high-impact level for the social factors on the emergence of anomie in Jordanian society from the perspective of postgraduate students in Jordanian universities. The results also revealed that there are statistically significant differences between the mean responses for the study sample individuals towards the social factors affecting the emergence of anomie in Jordanian society due to the variables of monthly income, age, marital status, faculty, religion, job status, while there are no statistically significant differences between the mean responses for the study sample individuals towards the social factors affecting the emergence of anomie in Jordanian society due to the variables of gender and educational qualification. Based on the results, the study concludes with recommendations for further research.
Comparison of false positive and false negative rates of two indices of individual reliable change: Jacobson-Truax and Hageman-Arrindell methods

Background Quantification of change is crucial for correctly estimating the effect of a treatment and for distinguishing random or non-systematic changes from substantive changes. The objective of the present study was to learn about the performance of two distribution-based methods [the Jacobson-Truax Reliable Change Index (RCI) and the Hageman-Arrindell (HA) approach] that were designed for evaluating individual reliable change. Methods A pre-post design was simulated with the purpose to evaluate the false positive and false negative rates of RCI and HA methods. In this design, a first measurement is obtained before treatment and a second measurement is obtained after treatment, in the same group of subjects. Results In relation to the rate of false positives, only the HA statistic provided acceptable results. Regarding the rate of false negatives, both statistics offered similar results, and both could claim to offer acceptable rates when Ferguson’s stringent criteria were used to define effect sizes as opposed to when the conventional criteria advanced by Cohen were employed. Conclusion Since the HA statistic appeared to be a better option than the RCI statistic, we have developed and presented an Excel macro so that the greater complexity of calculating HA would not represent an obstacle for the non-expert user.