Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality Assessment of Aquacultured Freshwater Fish Species during Storage in Ice

The following two freshwater fish species {Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus x Oreochromisaureus) and the Common Carp (CyprinusCarpio) were assessed for quality changes during13 days postmortem, stored in ice. Physical, chemical and sensory evaluations were performed at 0, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 13 days postmortem. None of the freshwater fish species had water activity (aw) below 0.9 throughout the storage period. Torry meter scores of freshwater fish species were (11.33). Among freshwater species common Carp had the highest value compared to Tilapia. However on day 3, Tilapia and Carp had similar L* values, but on day 5 and 7 Tilapia had higher L* values than Carp. For the b* values, Tilapia had slightly higher b* values than Carp (P > .05) through days 3, 5 and 7 of storage and the two species had similar redness values (a*) and carp had a* values higher than Tilapia. Saturation Index and Hue angle can improve our understanding to the changes in the color of the different fish species throughout the storage period. Within freshwater fish species, initially Tilapia and Carp had almost similar SI and Hue angles. On day 3 the two species had similar (P > 0.05) SI and Tilapia had Hue angles higher than Carp (P < 0.05). On the 5th day of storage carp had the highest (P < 0.05) SI. Generally, SI and Hue angle values of freshwater fish species flucuated over the storage periods. TMA values increased with storage period, yet none of the species under investigation reached the rejection (30 mg TMA-N/100g) level. Sensoryly the keeping time of the different fish species were found to be around 9.44and 11.0 days for Carp, and Tilapia, respectively.
Gaming the System: An Investigation of Small Business Owners' Attitudes to Tax Avoidance, Tax Planning, and Tax Evasion

To a large extent, the body of research that looks at individuals’ compliance with the law focuses on the dichotomy between compliance as rule-following and noncompliance as rule-breaking. However, a fascinating case of noncompliance is that where individuals selectively follow existing rules in order to circumvent the legal principle, this behaviour has been termed ‘creative compliance. ’ In the current study, we investigated the psychological underpinnings of ‘creative compliance’ by assessing the attitudes of tax avoidance (significant minimisation of tax liability perceived to be legal) and tax evasion (illegal tax minimisation) of 330 owners of small businesses. We found that tax avoidance and tax evasion were perceived as qualitatively distinct by respondents and that they were predicted by different factors. While both tax avoidance and tax evasion were associated with weak personal norms to contribute to the tax system, tax avoidance was associated with a perception that the tax system is unfair, and that tax law has ‘loopholes’ that can be exploited, while tax evasion was predicted by the perception that evasion is a trivial crime. Overall, we provide insight into the under-investigated behaviour of ‘creative compliance’ and propose future research directions.
The perks of being in the smaller team: incentives in overlapping contests

We investigate overlapping contests in multi-divisional organizations in which an individual’s effort simultaneously determines the outcome of several contests on different hierarchical levels. We show that individuals in smaller units are advantaged in the grand (organization-wide) contest for two reasons: First, the incentive to free-ride is smaller in inter-divisional contests. Second, competition in the intra-divisional contest is less fierce. Both effects induce a higher marginal utility of effort provision. We test the model in a laboratory experiment and confirm its main predictions. Our results have important consequences for the provision of incentives in organizations and the design of sports competitions.
Practical Semantic Parsing for Spoken Language Understanding

Executable semantic parsing is the task of converting natural language utterances into logical forms that can be directly used as queries to get a response. We build a transfer learning framework for executable semantic parsing. We show that the framework is effective for Question Answering (Q&A) as well as for Spoken Language Understanding (SLU). We further investigate the case where a parser on a new domain can be learned by exploiting data on other domains, either via multi-task learning between the target domain and an auxiliary domain or via pre-training on the auxiliary domain and fine-tuning on the target domain. With either flavor of transfer learning, we are able to improve performance on most domains; we experiment with public data sets such as Overnight and NLmaps as well as with commercial SLU data. The experiments carried out on data sets that are different in nature show how executable semantic parsing can unify different areas of NLP such as Q&A and SLU.
The role of gun supply in 1980s and 1990s youth violence

Youth violence, particularly among young black males, particularly in urban areas, increased radically in the late 1980s and early 1990s and then began to fall. One explanation for this has been the expansion of crack markets in the 1980s; to the degree that increased gun access among young black males was believed to play a role, the implicit assumption was there was a demand shock in gun markets. Using a novel data set of handgun prices for 1980-2000, combined with ATF data on US firearm production quantities, we document that in fact the prices for cheaper “entry-level” guns fell in this period, suggesting a positive supply shock for the bottom end of the market. We argue that in substantial part this was due to a major reduction in the resources and activities of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) in the 1980s. This allowed substantially greater freedom among licensed gun dealers, a pattern which was reversed in the early 1990s (changes in manufacturing also appear to have played a role in the initial expansion). We document that the positive supply shock increased the availability of guns to criminally active youth and led to higher rates of gun access for young black men, particularly ∗We would like to thank Anne Morrison Piehl, Phil Cook, Jurgen Brauer, Chris Bollinger, Will Gerken and Joel Wallman for helpful comments and assistance, Joshua Buckman, Ethan Campbell, Chase Coleman, Jordan Haven, Katina Marchione, Alexander Melnykovych, Savanna Norrod, Travis Rose for excellent research assistance, and Phil Walker of Transylvania Library for assistance with resources on ATF and firearms markets. We would both like to thank the Jones Fund for faculty research grants.
Association of Cognitive Function with Amyloid-β and Tau Proteins in the Vitreous Humor.

BACKGROUND The eye may serve as source for diagnostic testing for early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Examination of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau protein content in human vitreous and its correlation to neuro-cognition may improve ocular-based AD detection methods. OBJECTIVE To evaluate levels of Aβ and tau protein in human vitreous humor and investigate the clinical predictive role of these proteins as early diagnostic markers of AD. METHODS A prospective, single-center, multi-surgeon cohort study. Vitreous humor samples from 80 eyes were measured quantitatively for Aβ40-42, pTau, and tTau. Linear regression was used to test associations between AD biomarker levels, Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), and serum apolipoprotein E (APOE) allele status, with adjustment for age, sex, and education level of patients. RESULTS Lower MMSE scores were significantly associated with lower levels of vitreous Aβ40 (p = 0.015), Aβ42 (p = 0.0066), and tTau (p = 0.0085), and these biomarkers were not associated with any pre-existing eye conditions. Presence of the ɛ4 allele and the ɛ2 allele approached significance with reduced Aβ40 level (p = 0.053) and increased p-Tau level (p = 0.056), respectively. CONCLUSION Patients with poor cognitive function have significantly lower vitreous humor levels of AD-related biomarkers Aβ40, Aβ42, and tTau. These biomarkers do not correlate with underlying eye conditions, suggesting their specificity in association with cognitive change. This is the first study to our knowledge to correlate cognition with AD-related proteins in the vitreous humor. Results suggest ocular proteins may have a role for early dementia detection in individuals at risk for AD.
LncRNA SBF2-AS1 promotes the progression of cervical cancer by regulating miR-361-5p/FOXM1 axis

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as critical players in tumorigenesis. Previous studies revealed that lncRNA SBF2-AS1 was involved in tumor progression. However, the role and underlying mechanism of SBF2-AS1 in cervical cancer (CC) remain unknown. In the present study, our data showed that SBF2-AS1 expression was significantly increased in CC. High SBF2-AS1 expression was associated with advanced FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis of CC patients. Function assays showed that SBF2-AS1 inhibition significantly reduced CC cells proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we showed that SBF2-AS1 upregulation restrained the activity of miR-361-5p and led to overexpression of FOXM1 in CC cells. Furthermore, we found that miR-361-5p inhibitors could rescue the effects of SBF2-AS1 inhibition on CC cells proliferation. Taken together, we demonstrated that the SBF2-AS1/miR-361-5p/FOXM1 axis might play an important role in CC progression. SBF2-AS1 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for CC treatment.
On the optimality of symbol by symbol filtering and denoising

This paper describes the optimality of symbol by symbol filtering and denoising and considers the problem of optimally recovering a discrete-time valued stochastic process from a noisy observation process. For binary Markov input process singlet filtering and denoising are optimal. Finally, for the case of memoryless channel, large deviations performance of singlet filtering is obtained.
Hemorrhagic Fever-Causing Arenaviruses: Lethal Pathogens and Potent Immune Suppressors

Hemorrhagic fevers (HF) resulting from pathogenic arenaviral infections have traditionally been neglected as tropical diseases primarily affecting African and South American regions. There are currently no FDA-approved vaccines for arenaviruses, and treatments have been limited to supportive therapy and use of non-specific nucleoside analogs, such as Ribavirin. Outbreaks of arenaviral infections have been limited to certain geographic areas that are endemic but known cases of exportation of arenaviruses from endemic regions and socioeconomic challenges for local control of rodent reservoirs raise serious concerns about the potential for larger outbreaks in the future. This review synthesizes current knowledge about arenaviral evolution, ecology, transmission patterns, life cycle, modulation of host immunity, disease pathogenesis, as well as discusses recent development of preventative and therapeutic pursuits against this group of deadly viral pathogens.
More Is Less: Increased Processing of Unwanted Memories Facilitates Forgetting

The intention to forget can produce long-lasting effects. This ability has been linked to suppression of both rehearsal and retrieval of unwanted memories, processes mediated by the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Here, we describe an alternative account in which the intention to forget is associated with increased engagement with the unwanted information. We used pattern classifiers to decode human functional magnetic resonance imaging data from a task in which male and female participants viewed a series of pictures and were instructed to remember or forget each one. Pictures followed by a forget instruction elicited higher levels of processing in the ventral temporal cortex compared with those followed by a remember instruction. This boost in processing led to more forgetting, particularly for items that showed moderate (vs weak or strong) activation. This result is consistent with the nonmonotonic plasticity hypothesis, which predicts weakening and forgetting of memories that are moderately activated. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The human brain cannot remember everything. Forgetting has a critical role in curating memories and discarding unwanted information. Intentional forgetting has traditionally been linked to passive processes, such as the withdrawal of sustained attention or a stoppage of memory rehearsal. It has also been linked to active suppression of memory processes during encoding and retrieval. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and machine-learning methods, we show new evidence that intentional forgetting involves an enhancement of memory processing in the sensory cortex to achieve desired forgetting of recent visual experiences. This enhancement temporarily boosts the activation of the memory representation and renders it vulnerable to disruption via homeostatic regulation. Contrary to intuition, deliberate forgetting may involve more rather than less attention to unwanted information.
Image Classification for Vehicle Type Dataset Using State-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Network Architecture

Fast development in Deep Learning and its hybrid methodologies has led diverse applications in different domains. For image classification tasks in vehicle related fields, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is mostly chosen for recent usages. To train the CNN classifier, various vehicle image datasets are used, however, most of previous studies have learned features from datasets with a single form of images taken in the controlled condition such as surveillance camera vehicle image dataset from the same road, which results the classifier cannot guarantee the generalization of the model onto different forms of vehicle images. In addition, most of researches using CNN have used LeNet, GoogLeNet, or VGGNet for their main architecture. In this study, we perform vehicle type (convertible, coupe, crossover, sedan, SUV, truck, and van) classification and we use our own collected dataset with vehicle images taken in different angles and backgrounds to ensure the generalization and adaptability of proposed classifier. Moreover, we use the state-of-the-art CNN architecture, NASNet, which is a hybrid CNN architecture having Recurrent Neural Network structure trained by Reinforcement Learning to find optimal architecture. After 10 folded experiments, the average final test accuracy points 83%, and on the additional evaluation with random query images, the proposed model achieves accurate classification.
Effect of Different Doses from ZnONPS on the Pituitary-Testes Axis Function in Adult Male Rats

| In our study, ZnONPs was prepared and characterized for investigation of pituitary-testes axis function in adult male rats. Fifty healthy adult male rats selected, weighted 300 ± 50 gm, randomly divided to five group each group have ten animals. One of them group consider as control group and other four group designed as (G1, G2, G3 and G4) group which receive oral dose of ZnONPs in different concentration (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kgB.W) respectively for 56 day. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for serum collection in (zero time, 28 and 56 day of experiment). The results showed significant (P<0.05) elevation of testosterone and FSH hormones concentration in G3 and G4 after 56 day of experimental period as a compared with zero time and 28 day of experiment, whereas LH and inhibin B hormones concentration showed a significant (P<0.05) decrement in all group at 56 day as a compared with control group and other period time. Histological study of testes and pituitary gland showed different pathological changes on these two gland’s tissue and cells as mild to severe effects especially at dose (20 and 40 mg/kg B.W). Histometric study of seminiferous tubules illustrated a significant (P<0.05) elevation of seminiferous tubules diameters in G4 group, whereas showed non-significant (P˃0.05) differences in number of interstitial cells in treated groups.
A pilot study on the relationships between language, personality and attachment styles: A linguistic analysis of descriptive speech

Abstract The present exploratory study investigated possible relationships between language and personality, attachment styles, and mindfulness disposition. Sixty-three participants were assessed through the Big-Five inventory questionnaire, the Attachment Style Questionnaire, and the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, and then they were asked to look at a picture story and describe it. Narrations were analyzed through a multilevel approach: the number of verbal units and information units reported were counted; the Type/Token Ratio, disfluencies and errors of cohesion were also calculated. Results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that mindfulness and Extraversion were positively related to the number of information units reported about the story. Two dimensions of anxious attachment style presented opposite patterns of association with language expression: individuals high in Need for Approval tended to be more descriptive, while participants high in Preoccupation with Relationships reported less information. Results suggest that individuals’ personality, relational histories, and self-awareness may significantly influence their verbal production.
The Intergenerational Impact of the Holodomor Genocide on Gender Roles, Expectations and Performance: The Ukrainian Experience

This study investigated the long-term impact of the Holodomor genocide of Ukrainians on survivors and their adult children and grandchildren. The findings showed that stemming from the perceived disproportionately high number of male deaths during the genocidal period; the Holodomor continues to affect gender roles, expectations, and performance, even into the second and third generations. These results suggest that intergenerational transmission of trauma, caused by the Holodomor, continues to exert an impact in modern day Ukraine.
Dense Classification and Implanting for Few-Shot Learning

Few-shot learning for deep neural networks is a highly challenging and key problem in many computer vision tasks. In this context, we are targeting knowledge transfer from a set with abundant data to other sets with few available examples. We propose two simple and effective solutions: (i) dense classification over feature maps, which for the first time studies local activations in the domain of few-shot learning, and (ii) implanting, that is, attaching new neurons to a previously trained network to learn new, task-specific features. Implanting enables training of multiple layers in the few-shot regime, departing from most related methods derived from metric learning that train only the final layer. Both contributions show consistent gains when used individually or jointly and we report state of the art performance on few-shot classification on miniImageNet.
Non‐uniform strain distribution in anterolateral capsule of knee: Implications for surgical repair

The existence of a ligamentous structure within the anterolateral capsule, which can be injured in combination with the anterior cruciate ligament, has been debated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude and direction of the strain in the anterolateral capsule in response to external loads applied to the knee. The anterolateral capsule was hypothesized to not function like a traditional ligament. A 6‐degree‐of‐freedom robotic testing system was used to apply ten external loads to human cadaveric knees (n = 7) in the intact and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient states. The position of strain markers was recorded on the midsubstance of the anterolateral capsule during the resulting joint kinematics to determine the magnitude and direction of the maximum principal strain. The peak maximum principal strain ranged from 22% to 52% depending on the loading condition. When histograms of strain magnitude values were analyzed to determine strain uniformity, the mean kurtosis was 1.296 ± 0.955, lower than a typical ligament, and the mean variance was 0.015 ± 0.008, higher than a typical ligament. The mean angles of the strain direction vectors compared to the proposed ligament ranged between 38° and 130° (p < 0.05). The magnitude of the maximum principal strain in the anterolateral capsule is much larger than a typical ligament and does not demonstrate a uniform strain distribution. The direction of strain is also not aligned with the proposed ligament. Clinical Significance: Reconstruction methods using tendons will not produce normal joint function due to replacement of a multi‐axial structure with a uni‐axial structure. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Reflecting on the Presence of Science Fiction Robots in Computing Literature

Depictions of robots and AIs in popular science fiction movies and shows have the potential to showcase visions of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) to the general public and computer science researchers alike. In contrast, studies on the referral, usage, and appropriation of these portrayals by computer scientists in their research publications is an academic void at present. However, such investigations are critical to better understand the potential utility and latent shortcomings of science fiction robots for future HRI research, innovation, and education. To address this research gap, this study investigates the overall presence, nature, and frequency of referrals of 18 popular science fiction robots in the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Digital Library. These robots were either portrayed in various movies and subsequently inducted into the Robot Hall of Fame, created by Carnegie Mellon University in 2003, or were top-ranked in a user-curated Internet Movie Database (IMDB) list. To do so, we performed full-text search and retrieval queries of all 18 robots in the ACM Digital Library. In total, we identified 121 relevant mentions, across 102 individual publications, in a time span from 1973 to 2017. These 121 mentions were then qualitatively analysed to determine the nature of the robot mentions. Our results indicate that the robot attributes of voice or dialogue were emerging as a popularly mentioned element. In addition, we find that research papers of philosophical nature mention sci-fi robots more frequently than papers of technical or theoretical nature. We also observe that the dystopian element of science fiction is under-utilised, with the majority of robot mentions exhibiting neutral or utopian characteristics. In conclusion, we speculate on our results and present possible avenues of future HRI research on the topic.