Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[A cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of three-dimensional changes of circummaxillary sutures following maxillary protraction with alternate rapid palatal expansions and constrictions].

OBJECTIVE To assess three-dimensional (3D) changes of circummaxillary sutures following maxillary protraction with alternate rapid palatal expansions and constrictions (RPE/C) facemask protocol in maxillary retrusive children, and to investigate the relationship between the changes of circum-maxillary sutures and zygomaticomaxillary suture (ZMS) maturation, and to explore the factors of maxilla forward movement with RPE/C and facemask. METHODS In the study (clinical trial registration No: ChiCTR2000034909), 36 maxillary retrusive patients were recruited and block randomized to either the rapid palatal expansion (RPE) group or the RPE/C group. Patients aged 7 to 13 years, Class Ⅲ malocclusion, anterior crossbite, ANB less than 0°, Wits appraisal less than -2 mm, and A-Np less than 0 mm were included in the study. The RPE group received rapid palatal expansion, whereas the RPE/C group received alternate rapid palatal expansions and constrictions, and both with facemask protraction. Head orientations of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were implemented by Dolphin 11.7. 3D measurements of circummaxillary sutures on CBCT images were evaluated using Mimics 10.01 before (T0) and after treatment (T1). The changes were analyzed with independent t test, two-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and regression analysis. RESULTS Two subjects in the RPE/C group were lost to follow-up. A total of 34 patients reached the completion criteria and were analyzed. Compared with the RPE group, sagittal changes of circummaxillary sutures were significantly increased in the RPE/C group with 1.21 mm advancement of zygomaticotemporal suture, 2.20 mm of ZMS, 1.43 mm of zygoma-ticofrontal suture (P < 0.05, respectively). Except for the zygomaticotemporal suture, the rest forward sagittal changes of other circummaxillary sutures showed no major difference in terms of the ZMS maturation. The Spearman's correlation in RPE/C indicated a strong positive correlation of sagittal changes between ZMS and point A (P < 0.01) with a regression analysis R2=42.5%. CONCLUSION RPE/C might be more effective on the treatment of maxillary retrusive children. As one of the major mechanical loading sutures during orthopedic therapy, ZMS showed a strong positive correlation with point A on sagittal changes.
SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells and antibodies in COVID-19 protection: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND During the ongoing coronavirus disease COVID-19 pandemic, many individuals were infected with and have cleared the virus, developing virus-specific antibodies and effector/memory T cells. An important unanswered question is what levels of T cell and antibody responses are sufficient to protect from the infection. METHODS In 5340 Moscow residents, we evaluated anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG titers and frequencies of the T cells specific to the membrane, nucleocapsid, and spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2, using IFNγ ELISpot assay. Additionally, we evaluated the fractions of virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells using intracellular staining of IFNγ and IL2 followed by flow cytometry. We analyzed the COVID-19 rates as a function of the assessed antibody and T cell responses, using the Kaplan-Meyer estimator method, for up to 300 days post-inclusion. RESULTS We showed that T cell and antibody responses are closely interconnected and are commonly induced concurrently. Magnitudes of both responses inversely correlated with infection probability. Individuals positive for both responses demonstrated the highest levels of protectivity against the SARS-CoV-2 infection. A comparable level of protection was found in individuals with antibody response only, while the T cell response by itself granted only intermediate protection. CONCLUSIONS We found that the contribution of the virus-specific antibodies to protection against the SARS-CoV-2 infection is more pronounced than that of the T cells. The data on the virus-specific IgG titers may be instructive for making decisions in personalized health care and public anti-COVID-19 policies.
Multidrug Resistance-1 C3435T Polymorphism and Carbamazepine Plasma Level in Indonesian Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Background Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has the highest probability of becoming resistant. One of the causes was Polymorphism in multidrug resistant-1 (MDR1) C3435T. In Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, potential drug-resistant epilepsy prevalence was 84.51%; 66.6% of them used carbamazepine (CBZ) as antiseizure medication. This comparative cross-sectional study aimed to investigate MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and CBZ plasma level (plCBZ) in Indonesian TLE patients. Methods TLE patient was selected consecutively; divided into drug-responsive (DRV) and drug-resistant (DRE) groups. Healthy subjects were included as a control for the gene polymorphism comparison. MDR1 was identified using the restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR technique; C allele at 159 and 57bp while T allele at 216bp. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine plCBZ. Results There were 86 subjects; 61 in the study group and 25 controls. The genotype distribution between them was 0.58 vs 0.42, x2=0.54, p=0.000. In the study group, CBZ within therapeutic doses (dCBZ) had outreached the therapeutic plCBZ and found similar in all genotypes. DRE criteria were found in 37 subjects. Distribution of C and T in DRV was 0.63 vs 0.37, x2=10.4; and DRE 0.55 vs 0.45 x2=6.17 (p=0.019). In Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test, CT in DRV had significantly lower dCBZ (330,36 ± 174,91 mg) and plCBZ (7.15 ± 2.64 mcg/mL) compared to all genotypes in DRE. Whereas mean dCBZ was around 800mg and plCBZ outreached the toxic level; TT was the highest. Conclusion The genotype MDR1 distribution was similar in the normal population and DRE. Therapeutic plCBZ was achieved using the low dose. CT genotype responds to lower dCBZ, while TT genotype outreached the highest toxic plCBZ.
The expected advantage of administering prophylactic antibiotics using target‐ concentration controlled infusion: Development of a new pharmacokinetic model of cefazolin

The aim of this study was to explore the utility of target‐concentration controlled infusion (TCI) as a prophylactic antibiotic administration method based on the results of a population pharmacokinetic model of cefazolin. In patients undergoing elective gastric surgery, 2 g of cefazolin was dissolved in 50 mL of saline and administered for 10 min prior to skin incision. Arterial blood samples were obtained at preset intervals to measure the total and free plasma concentrations of cefazolin. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using non‐linear mixed‐effects modelling. To evaluate the effectiveness of the TCI method, stochastic simulation was performed based on the model construction results. In total, 360 total and 360 free plasma concentration measurements from 40 patients were used to characterise the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin. The changes in the total concentration of cefazolin over time were well‐explained by the three‐compartment mammillary model. Fat‐free mass and estimated glomerular filtration rate were significant covariates. The probability of target attainment (PTA) to reach the target 100% fraction of time that the free plasma concentration of cefazolin was maintained above its minimal inhibitory concentration (fT > MIC) at MIC of 4 mg/L was also notably higher in the TCI method (90.7%) than in the standard method (17.0%). When cefazolin is administered by the TCI method, patient‐tailored antibiotic dosing may be possible. The potential benefits of administering prophylactic antibiotics by the TCI method were observed. Further research is warranted to confirm the effectiveness of the TCI method.
Combining desirable difficulty learning strategies to address the amount-to-learn vs. time-to-learn imbalance in residency training

Abstract Purpose Residents have limited time and much to learn. Mounting evidence shows that Desirable Difficulty (DD) learning strategies can ease that imbalance, but few studies have specifically studied combinations of these strategies. Methods We tested two different combinations of DD strategies: a double combination of distributed practice and retrieval practice and a triple combination additionally including interleaved practice. We compared residents’ annual In-Training Exam (ITE) scores and graduates’ board certification performance between both DD curricula and a historical baseline. Results Average ITE scores rose from 149.06 in the historical baseline to 160.04 under the combined DD curricula (p < 0.001). Average ITE scores fell from 162.50 under the double combination to 155.11 under the triple combination (p = 0.03). There were no significant changes in graduates’ board performance between any of the curricula. Conclusions These results add to the evidence that DD strategies can enhance residents’ learning. The drop in ITE scores under the triple DD combination may suggest that it pushed learners past beneficial desirable difficulty into detrimental overwhelming difficulty. Further research should apply this framework in larger and more diverse settings to clarify how these DD strategies can be optimally used to enhance residents’ learning.
Risk Factors for Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in the PICU: A Retrospective Cohort Study

OBJECTIVES: Acute kidney injury (AKI), particularly of greater severity and longer duration, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. AKI frequently occurs during sepsis, yet the knowledge of risk factors for sepsis-associated AKI in the PICU is limited. We aimed to identify risk factors for AKI that develops or persists after 72 hours from sepsis recognition in pediatric patients with severe sepsis. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: PICU at an academic, tertiary-care center. PATIENTS: Children greater than 1 month and less than or equal to 18 years with severe sepsis in the combined cardiac and medical/surgical PICU between December 1, 2013, and December 31, 2020, at the University of Virginia Children’s Hospital. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The cohort included 124 patients with severe sepsis with 33 patients (27%) who were postcardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. AKI was defined by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. The primary outcome was severe AKI, defined as KDIGO stage 2 or 3 AKI present at any point between days 3 and 7 after sepsis recognition. Severe AKI was present in 25 patients (20%). Factors independently associated with severe AKI were maximum vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) within 48 hours after sepsis recognition and fluid overload. The presence of severe AKI was associated with increased inhospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In children with severe sepsis, the degree of hemodynamic support as measured by the VIS and the presence of fluid overload may identify patients at increased risk of developing severe AKI.
Dual antiplatelet therapy improves functional recovery and inhibits inflammation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Background Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel (ASA + CPG) during the first 21 days has been shown to reduce the risk of major ischemic events in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke. However, the mechanisms underlying combination treatment with ASA + CPG in experimental ischemic stroke has not been fully elucidated. Methods Minor cerebral ischemia was induced in mice by transient distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (tdMCAO). Two doses of ASA + CPG (12 and 24 mg/kg/day) or vehicle were administered by gavage daily. Neurological behaviors were assessed using the modified Garcia scores, Rotarod test, Y maze, and open field test. Platelet function was assessed in vitro by flow cytometry and in vivo by bleeding and clotting time. The neutrophil ratio and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured by flow cytometry and the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) electrochemilunimescence, respectively. Results Sensorimotor function was partially recovered with ASA + CPG treatment after ischemia. Anxiety levels and cognitive functions showed improvement in the ASA + CPG group at 12 mg/kg/day after 21 days. Both tail bleeding time and flow cytometry showed significantly decreased platelet function after ASA + CPG treatment. Notably, ASA + CPG at 12 mg/kg/day prolonged clotting time at 28 days after injury. Furthermore, the ratio of neutrophils, an indicator of inflammation, was reduced with 12 mg/kg/day ASA + CPG treatment in the bone marrow (BM) at 21 days and in the peripheral blood (PB) at 21 and 28 days after tdMCAO. Both doses of ASA + CPG decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 expression 21 days after stroke. Taken together, these results demonstrated that combination treatment with ASA + CPG improved long-term neurological function after stroke and may inhibit platelet-neutrophil interaction by decreasing the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6. Conclusions These findings indicate a neuroprotective effect of combination treatment with ASA + CPG for a duration of 21 days in an experimental acute minor stroke model. These findings provide further evidence that dual antiplatelet therapy may be a viable neuroprotective treatment to decrease the recurrence of stroke.
Perbedaan Penyesuaian Diri Pada Lansia Yang Tinggal di Panti Werdha “Pangesti” Lawang Dengan Lansia yang Tinggal Bersama Keluarga di Kecamatan Lawang Kabupaten Malang

Lansia memiliki beragam kondisi, ada yang tinggal bersama keluarga ada pula yang tinggal di Panti Wreda. Penyesuaian para lansia juga berbeda-beda pula karena tempat tinggal mereka juga berbeda. Oleh karena itu peneliti tertarik untuk mengetahui perbedaan penyesuaian diri pada lansia yang tinggal di PantiWerdha “Pangesti” Lawang dengan lansia yang tinggal bersama keluarga. Subyek sebanyak 210 orang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu 110 orang lansia yang tinggal di Panti Werdha Pangesti Lawang, dan 100 orang lansia yang tinggal bersama dengan keluarganya di Kecamatan Lawang. Hasil tabulasi penelitian dihitung dengan menggunakan program SPSS seri 16.0 for Windows dengan teknik analisa Compare Means Paired Sampel T-test. Dengan hasil signifikansi sebesar 0,000 bisa diambil keputusan untuk menerima Ha (Hipotesa Alternatif) karena level signifikansi lebih kecil daripada alpha (0,5%). Dengan hasil perhitungan nilai t hitung sebesar 3,817 yang berarti lebih besar dari pada t tabel yang ada dengan nilai 2,708. Kata Kunci: Penyesuaian diri dan Lansia
Northumbria Research Link

This paper surveys the recent literature about various research trends relevant to Relational DataBase (RDB) reengineering. The paper presents an analysis of approaches and techniques used in this context, including construction of object views on top of RDBs, database integration and database migration. A categorisation is presented of the se-lected work, concentrating on migrating an RDB as a source into object-based and XML databases as targets. Database migration from the source into each of the targets is discussed and critically evaluated, including the semantic enrichment, schema translation and data conversion. Based on a detailed analysis of the existing literature, it seems that the existing work does not provide a complete solution for more than one target database for either schema or data conversion. Besides, none of the existing proposals can be considered as a method for migrating an RDB into an object-relational database. We propose such a method based on an intermediate canonical data model, which enriches the semantics of the source RDB and captures characteristics of the target databases.
Optimal Worker Assignment Considering Workers Skill on Different Task in Limited-Cycle Multiple Periods

In uncertain cases, the result and efficiency of a current period (or production cycle) are influenced not only by the risks which exist in current period but also by the risks which exist in the previous ones. What is more, the risk itself is also affected greatly by the risks which exist in the earlier periods. This kind of problem is called a limited-cycle problem with multiple periods. Normally, workers ’efficiency is different on different tasks. How can we get an optimal assignment to minimize the total expected costs? In this paper, we consider the optimal worker assignment considering two kinds of efficiency, clever or poor efficiency on tasks. The regularity will be described that n-1 workers have two clever tasks of all, 1 worker has no clever task by contrast. Also, some numerical experiments will be done to check out the regularity of the optimal assignment that each worker has two or three clever tasks.
SEM Predicting Success of Student Global Software Development Teams

The extensive use of global teams to develop software has prompted researchers to investigate various factors that can enhance a team’s performance. While a significant body of research exists on global software teams, previous research has not fully explored the interrelationships and collective impact of various factors on team performance. This study explored a model that added the characteristics of a team’s culture, ability, communication frequencies, response rates, and linguistic categories to a central framework of team performance. Data was collected from two student software development projects that occurred between teams located in the United States, Panama, and Turkey. The data was obtained through online surveys and recorded postings of team activities that occurred throughout the global software development projects. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) was chosen as the analytic technique to test the model and identify the most influential factors. Individual factors associated with response rates and linguistic characteristics proved to significantly affect a team’s activity related to grade on the project, group cohesion, and the number of messages received and sent. Moreover, an examination of possible latent homogeneous segments in the model supported the existence of differences among groups based on leadership style. Teams with assigned leaders tended to have stronger relationships between linguistic characteristics and team performance factors, while teams with emergent leaders had stronger. Relationships between response rates and team performance factors. The contributions in this dissertation are three fold. 1) Novel analysis techniques using PLS-PM and clustering, 2) Use of new, quantifiable variables in analyzing team activity, 3) Identification of plausible causal indicators for team performance and analysis of the same.
Self-efficacy and language learning – what it is and what it isn't

ABSTRACT This article considers the presentation of self-efficacy in the OFSTED 2021 Curriculum Research Review for languages (OCRR). It begins by elucidating how self-efficacy is defined in the work of Albert Bandura and within social cognitive theory more broadly; its position in relation to theories of motivation and models of self-regulation; and what, according to social cognitive theory, are the factors that influence self-efficacy. It then examines critically how self-efficacy features within the OCRR, focusing on the mismatch between the conclusions the OCRR draws from cited publications and what the latter actually say. The article next presents its own summary of findings of intervention studies targeting language learning self-efficacy development within school contexts. It ends by highlighting the misalignment that exists between that research-based view of self-efficacy development and the type of curriculum proposed by the OCRR.
Parameter sensitivity of an in-plane gap closing electrostatic energy harvester with end-stop impacts

Conventionally modeled as spring–damper system, the end-stops in vibration energy harvesters set a limit to the displacement of the proof mass at sufficiently high excitation levels. In some studies, it is seen that the end-stop parameters needed adjustment to fit the simulations to the measurements at particular operating condition. In this article, the discrepancy between the simulation and measurement results on varying the operating condition is investigated in detail. A check on sensitivity of an electrostatic in-plane gap closing energy harvester to the parameters end-stop stiffness, end-stop damping, and end-stop position at various biases and excitation levels is performed. The simulations at 3-V bias and root mean square (RMS) acceleration amplitude 0.6g show a remarkable variation of 30 Hz in up-sweep jump-down frequency on varying end-stop position by 0.12 µm. The simulation results also show a significant increase in sensitivity of up-sweep jump-down frequency to end-stop damping on increasing excitation level at fixed bias. The article also discusses the sensitivity in jump frequencies to perturbations in the excitation signal due to the presence of noise, where the jump-down frequency becomes smaller as the noise level increases. The trajectories studied at 8-V bias and RMS acceleration amplitude 0.6g with different end-stop parameters show a strong influence of the end-stop model parameters on the motion of the proof mass. A lumped model of the device is fitted to the measurements for a whole range of operating conditions with one fixed set of model parameter, where asymmetric end-stop positions and their effect on the device behavior are shown to be crucial. The results presented in this article show that in order to reproduce and analyze the measured behavior of the harvester over a range of operating conditions, very fine details in the model are significant.
Changes in the midst of a construction network: a diachronic construction grammar approach to complex prepositions denoting internal location

Abstract Linguists have debated whether complex prepositions deserve a constituent status, but none have proposed a dynamic model that can both predict what construal a given pattern imposes and account for the emergence of non-spatial readings. This paper reframes the debate on constituency as a justification of the constructional status of complex prepositional patterns from a historical perspective. It focuses on the Prep NP IL of NP lm construction, which denotes a relation of internal location between a located entity (a trajector) and a reference entity (a landmark). Four subschemas of the Internal Location construction are examined: middle cxn (in the middle of), center cxn (in/at the center of), heart cxn (in/at the heart of), and midst cxn (in the midst of). All occurrences are extracted from the COHA, along with their co-occurring landmark NPs. Using vocabulary growth curves, all patterns are shown to be productive over the whole period covered by the corpus, although at different levels. Using word2vec, a semantic vector space with the landmark collocates of each pattern is made. Curves indexed on association scores are plotted to see how densely semantic areas have been populated across four consecutive periods: 1810s–1860s, 1870s–1910s, 1920s–1970s, and 1980s–2000s. Two divisions of labor have emerged. midst cxn and heart cxn are in complementary distribution and operate mostly at the level of abstract locations whereas middle cxn and center cxn are in parallel distribution and operate at the level of concrete locations.