Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Shoulder Injuries in Schoolboy Rugby Union in Ireland

Background: The shoulder has been reported as a frequent location of injury in adult professional and amateur rugby, with match injury incidence rates ranging from 1.8 to 3 per 1000 player-hours (h). An increased understanding of the incidence and mechanism of shoulder injuries in school rugby players is vital to establish effective injury preventive strategies and advise on appropriate rehabilitation. Purpose: To describe the incidence, nature, and severity of shoulder injuries in schoolboy rugby in Ireland. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Injury surveillance was carried out for Senior Cup teams across two seasons (N = 665 players aged 17-19 years) in Ireland from 2018 to 2020. Match and training injury data were recorded using an online system by trained nominated injury recorders. Match exposure was also recorded. Results: Shoulder match injury incidence was 12.2 per 1000 h (95% CI, 9.1-16.2), with a mean severity of 47 days’ time loss and an overall burden of 573 days per 1000 h. In total, 47 match and 5 training shoulder injuries were recorded. The most common injuries were shoulder dislocations/subluxations (34%), followed by acromioclavicular joint sprains (30%). Shoulder dislocations/subluxations represented the most burdensome injury (280 days per 1000 h). The tackle accounted for the majority (81%) of shoulder injuries. Forwards sustained a significantly higher incidence of shoulder injuries (8.3/1000 h) in comparison with backs (3.9/1000 h), with a rate ratio of 2.13 (95% CI, 1.15-3.94; P = .015). Conclusion: We found a notably higher injury incidence rate in schoolboy rugby as compared with the adult amateur and professional game. Shoulder injuries were responsible for more days lost than any other injury, and shoulder dislocations were the most severe. This is of particular concern so early in a player’s career and warrants further investigation into potential risk factors and mechanisms associated with shoulder injuries in school-age players.
Association between serum lactate dehydrogenase and frailty among individuals with metabolic syndrome

While metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with frailty, the correlation of serum lactate dehydrogenase (sLDH) and frailty with MetS remain uncertain. To investigate the relationship between sLDH and frail components in the US with MetS. A total of 4,066 participants aged 40–90 years were assessed from the database of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. The participants were classified into MetS and non-MetS groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with four models were performed to assess the odds ratio (OR) of the divided tertiles of sLDH levels with frailty, and frail components including slow walking (SW), weakness, exhaustion, low physical activity (LPA), and low body weight (LBW). Higher sLDH levels were positively associated with frailty in the MetS group (p = 0.024) but not in non-MetS group (p = 0.102). After covariate adjustments, the OR of frailty in the upper two tertiles compared to the lowest tertile and revealed statistical significance (p < 0.05). Frail components of SW, weakness, exhaustion, and LPA were associated with higher sLDH (p < 0.05) except for LBW in MetS and non-MetS groups. The results demonstrated the strong association of higher sLDH levels and frailty among US individuals with MetS.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Care in a Tertiary Care Facility

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had an overwhelming impact on health care worldwide. Cancer patients represent a subgroup that is vulnerable and is under high risk. It is, therefore, necessary to analyze factors that predict outcomes in these patients so that they can be triaged accordingly to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on cancer management. To date, the impact of COVID-19 on cancer patients remain largely unknown. Methods Data of 291 cancer patients undergoing active treatment from March 23 to August 15, 2020 were retrospectively reviewed; the incidence, demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of cancer patients infected by COVID-19 were included in the analysis. Discussion During the index period (March 23–August 15, 2020), 4,494 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were admitted at our institute. In the department of medical oncology out of 578 patients presented to outpatient department, 291 patients were admitted for active treatment. Considering the cancer patients, infection rate was 7.9% (23/291) and mortality 13% (3/23). Median age was 40 years and the majority of patients were male (60%). The most common cancer type was acute lymphoblastic leukemia presented at various stages of treatment. Twenty patients (86.9%) were discharged after full clinical recovery and negative real-time polymerase chain reaction on a nasopharyngeal swab. Anticancer treatment was modified according to the type of cancer under intensive surveillance. Conclusion Although mortality rate in COVID-19 cancer patients is elevated, our results support the feasibility and safety of continuing anticancer treatment during pandemic by endorsing consistent preventive measures, but however should be modified based on the type and prognosis of cancer.
Numerical Assessment of a Safety System to Minimize Injuries during a Cyclist Run-Over

Background The World Health Organization has reported that 1.35 million people die on the roads every year due to road traffic accidents. This paper focuses on exploring a passive safety system that reduces lesions in the overtaking run-over scenario. Methods Head Injury Criterion (HIC) and Combined Thoracic Index (CTI) were evaluated through numerical simulations using LS-Dyna®; in order to compare the computed results, three different speed scenarios were carried out (velocity of running over 40, 50, 60 km/h). Results The computed results were divided into groups, A for the run-over test without a passive security system and B for the run-over test with a passive security system. For case A.1, the HIC15 was 3325. For case A.2, the HIC15 was 1510, and for case A.3, the HIC 15 was 1208. For case B.1, the HIC15 2605, for case B.2, the HIC15 was 1282, and for case B.3, the HIC was 730. Conclusion The comparative results show that the passive safety system installed on the bicycle has an increased benefit impact on the severity of the injury on vulnerable road users, decreasing the probability of cranioencephalic lesions in all study cases. In addition, the thorax injuries are cut down only in the impact scenario at a speed of 40 km/h.
Diabetic foot infections: Profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates in a tertiary care hospital of Oman

BACKGROUND: In diabetic foot infections (DFIs), the diversity of microbial profile and ever-changing antibiotic-resistance patterns emphasize accurate characterization of microbial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern. The aim of the study was to investigate the pathogens associated with DFI and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary-care hospital, Oman. The socio-demographic and microbiological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of pathogens isolated from patients with DFIs from January 2013 to December 2018 were reviewed. Quantitative and qualitative variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and percentages, respectively. A Chi-square test was used for testing the association between multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms and variables. RESULTS: In total, 233 isolates recovered from 133 clinical specimens with an average of 1.8 organisms per specimen were included in the study. Fifty-six and forty-four percent of specimens showed monomicrobial and polymicrobial growth of two or more organisms, respectively. The frequency of isolation was predominant among males (65%). Aerobic Gram-negative rods were predominantly (75%) isolated compared to Gram-positive organisms (25%). Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most frequently isolated Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Thirty-eight percent of them were MDR strains. Gram-negative organisms showed fairly good susceptibility ranging from 75% to 100% to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and piperacillin-tazobactam. While doxycycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole showed good susceptibility toward Gram-positive organisms. CONCLUSION: DFIs are often polymicrobial with a predominance of Gram-negative pathogens. This study recommends the use of carbapenems and doxycycline for empirical therapy of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial DFIs, respectively.
RustBCA: A High-Performance Binary-Collision-Approximation Code for Ion-Material Interactions

Ion-material interactions are of vital importance in industrial applications, the study and design of nuclear fusion devices, the engineering of survivable spacecraft components, and more. In particular, plasma-material interactions are typically dominated by ion-material interactions, including the phenomena of sputtering, reflection, and implantation. These phenomena are difficult to model analytically, and many such models rely on empirical or semi-empirical formulas, such as the Yamamura sputtering yield formula (Y. Yamamura, 1982), or the Thomas reflection coefficient (Thomas et al., 1992). However, such models are inherently limited, and of little applicability to complex geometry, multi-component surfaces, or for coupling to plasma or material dynamics codes. Since ion-material interactions span a range of energies from sub-eV to GeV and beyond, n-body approaches such as molecular dynamics can be computationally infeasible for many applications where the characteristic ion range exceeds the limits of reasonable molecular dynamics domains. Instead, approximations to the full n-body problem are used; the most common of these is the Binary Collision Approximation (BCA), a set of simplifying assumptions to the full n-body problem. RustBCA is a high-performance, general purpose, ion-material interactions BCA code, built for scientific flexibility and ease of use. RustBCA features include:
Digitization in the Market for Entrepreneurial Finance: Innovative Business Models and New Financing Channels

Digitization creates new financial channels that complement traditional intermediaries, but may raise concerns over fraud, cybersecurity, or bubbles. Artificial intelligence and machine learning change the way in which traditional investors work. This special issue focuses on economic, cultural, and regulatory determinants of fintech development, and on the new forms of information production and processing engendered by digital entrepreneurial finance. We provide a general overview of digitization in the market for entrepreneurial finance, illustrate how the different articles in the special issue contribute to advance our knowledge, and identify promising avenues for research.
Employment as a Relational Obligation to Work

This paper compares employment with spot trade of labor, formalizing arguments by Coase, Simon, and Williamson. With spot trade, an entrepreneur and a wealth-constrained worker bargain over different actions, and without agreement there is no trade. Employment is a relational contract that gives the entrepreneur the authority to choose the worker's actions. Because of incomplete information about benefits and costs, either spot trade or employment may lead to inefficient outcomes. I derive a wide range of results about the entrepreneur's optimal choice between employment and spot trade. Employment is more efficient than spot trade the greater is the quasi-rent between the parties. Additionally, employment enables the entrepreneur to minimize the worker's rent. On the other hand, a wage premium is required to ensure the worker's obedience. My results suggest that the worker's obligation to provide his service is essential to the nature of employment. By contrast, whether the worker has multiple tasks, or the entrepreneur has an information advantage, or the entrepreneur owns important assets, all matter much less than the literature has suggested. The model also provides a simple theory of the firm that captures key ideas of transaction-cost economics.
Prevalence of COPD among population above 30 years in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background By 2030, Sustainable Development Goal 3.4 aims to reduce the premature mortality caused by non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the second leading cause of mortality and disability-adjusted life years in India. This review was conducted to estimate the prevalence of COPD using systematic review and meta-analysis technique. Method Search was conducted using six databases for studies on COPD among population above 30 years in India between years 2000 to 2020. Cross-sectional and cohort studies reporting prevalence of COPD and associated risk factors were included in the present review. Screening and data extraction was done by two authors independently. Studies were appraised for quality using the modified New Castle Ottawa scale and reporting quality was assessed using STROBE guidelines. Result Our search returned 8973 records, from which 23 records fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Overall, the prevalence of COPD among population aged 30 years and above in India was 7%. Risk factors like active and passive smoking, biomass fuel exposure, environmental tobacco smoke, occupational exposure to dust, indoor and outdoor pollution, and increasing age were reported to have a significant association with COPD among Indian population. Conclusion Our findings suggest the need for a multicentric national-level research study to understand COPD burden and its contributing risk factors. The findings also suggest the need for COPD sensitive health literacy program focused on early screening and primary prevention of risk factors for COPD, which may help early initiation of self-management practices, that are crucial for better quality of life.
Strategic donation as a signal of cooperation intention: a laboratory experiment

We hypothesised that people and companies non-anonymously donate to signal their intention to cooperate with observers; consequently, non-anonymous donation works as a coordination device between donors and observers. To test this, we conducted a laboratory experiment where a participant ('donor') determined how much to give to another participant and then played a repeated prisoner's dilemma game with a different participant ('third party'). Our hypothesis was supported by the findings that donors correlated their cooperation rate with their giving amount only when the amount was visible to a third party and, mediated by this amount, donors' and third-parties' cooperation rates correlated.
Millimeter-Wave Bat for Mapping and Quantifying Micromotions in Full Field of View

Echolocating bats possess remarkable capability of multitarget spatial localization and micromotion sensing in a full field of view (FFOV) even in cluttered environments. Artificial technologies with such capability are highly desirable for various fields. However, current techniques such as visual sensing and laser scanning suffer from numerous fundamental problems. Here, we develop a bioinspired concept of millimeter-wave (mmWave) full-field micromotion sensing, creating a unique mmWave Bat (“mmWBat”), which can map and quantify tiny motions spanning macroscopic to μm length scales of full-field targets simultaneously and accurately. In mmWBat, we show that the micromotions can be measured via the interferometric phase evolution tracking from range-angle joint dimension, integrating with full-field localization and tricky clutter elimination. With our approach, we demonstrate the capacity to solve challenges in three disparate applications: multiperson vital sign monitoring, full-field mechanical vibration measurement, and multiple sound source localization and reconstruction (radiofrequency microphone). Our work could potentially revolutionize full-field micromotion monitoring in a wide spectrum of applications, while may inspiring novel biomimetic wireless sensing systems.
Factors affecting the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression in undergraduate Indian dental students

BACKGROUND: The objective was to assess the prevalence and the associated demographic factors of stress, anxiety, and depression among undergraduate (UG) Indian dental students and determine whether the pattern is different in government-run institutions and those managed by private authorities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental UG students from five dental colleges. Snowball sampling was used to approach 776 potential participants, resulting in a complete response from 507 students. The questionnaire consisted of demographic data; year of study; type of college; accommodation; and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS)-42. Descriptive data and inferential statistics were obtained. Chi-square test was applied for categorical data to test for significance, and higher analysis was done using multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Females and males comprised 71.8% (n = 364) and 28.2% (n = 143) of the study population, respectively. The prevalence of anxiety was highest (66.86%, n = 339), followed by depression (57.39%, n = 291) and stress (43.99%, n = 223). In terms of severity also, anxiety was the most prevalent condition as more than one-fourth of the students presented with severe and very severe scores in this aspect (25.43%, n = 129) compared to depression (14.39%, n = 73) and stress (10.09%, n = 51). Regression analysis revealed age as a strong positive predictor for all the three conditions, while staying in the hostel was a positive predictor for anxiety and stress. Being female was also an independent predictor for the high prevalence of stress. CONCLUSION: Stress, anxiety, and depression are highly prevalent among Indian dental students. Clinical students and interns have a higher prevalence of stress than preclinical students. Age, being female, and staying in the hostel are positive predictors for the severity of stress. There is no significant difference between government and private colleges, regarding the prevalence of any psychological condition.
Dominant Kinetic Pathways of Graphene Growth in Chemical Vapor Deposition: The Role of Hydrogen

The most popular way to produce graphene nowadays is chemical vapor deposition, where, surprisingly, H2 gas is routinely supplied even though it is a byproduct itself. In this study, by identifying dominant growing pathways via multiscale simulations, we unambiguously reveal the central role hydrogen played in graphene growth. Hydrogen can saturate the edges of a growing graphene island to some extent, depending on the H2 pressure. Although graphene etching by hydrogen has been observed in experiment, hydrogen saturation actually stabilizes graphene edges by reducing the detachment rates of carbon-containing species. Such a new picture well explains some puzzling experimental observations and is also instrumental in growth protocol optimization for two-dimensional atomic crystal van der Waals epitaxy.
Awareness, perception, and mitigating measures on COVID-19: Do we still need to educate our masses on COVID-19?

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 was declared an emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization in 2020. This study assesses patients' awareness, perception, and mitigating measures taken during the COVID-19 outbreak visiting an apex tertiary health-care center in North India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 15, 2020, and November 15, 2020, in a tertiary care public hospital, North India, using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The survey included 809 patients using a consecutive sampling strategy. The self-structured and prevalidated questionnaire was used to collect information on study variables. Chi-square test and independent samples t-test, followed by binary and multivariate logistic regression, was used to determine the factors associated with awareness toward COVID-19. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 32.41 (±11.24) years. Multivariate logistic regression shows that married participants (OR: 0.660, 95 % CI: 0.440-0.989, P= 0.044), reading books/magazine or attended institutional lectures (OR: 2.241, 95% CI: 1.545–3.249, P = 0.001), and watching television and radio (OR: 1.824, 95% CI: 1.283–2.592, P = 0.001) are significantly more aware than their counterparts. Participants with higher income group (>20,000 Indian rupee) significantly had higher awareness than participants having salary <10,000 rupees (OR: 0.280, 95% CI: 0.178–0.440, P = 0.001) or 10,001–20,000 rupees (OR: 0.481, 95% CI: 0.297–0.777, P = 0.003). Patients avoiding traveling across or abroad had significantly much reasonably good awareness than their counterparts (OR: 0.357, 95% CI: 0.139–0.918, P = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Participants demonstrated good awareness, encouraging perception, and complied with appropriate mitigating measures during the outbreak. Considering frequent waves and the pandemic's long duration, consistent reinforcement of government measures, including masks, maintaining social distance, and frequent handwashing, is much needed.
Health care workers intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors in southwestern Ethiopia, 2021

Introduction Health care workers are the most affected part of the world population due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Countries prioritize vaccinating health workers against COVID-19 because of their susceptibility to the virus. However, the acceptability of the vaccine varies across populations. Thus, this study aimed to determine the health care worker’s intentions to accept the COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors in southwestern Ethiopia, 2021. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among health care workers in public hospitals in southwestern Ethiopia from March 15 to 28, 2021. A simple random sampling method was used to select 405 participants from each hospital. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, such as frequency and percentage, were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was also performed to identify factors associated with health care worker’s intention to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Statistically significant variables were selected based on p-values (<0.05) and the adjusted odds ratio was used to describe the strength of association with 95% confidence intervals. Result Among the respondents, 48.4% [95% CI: 38.6, 58.2] of health care workers intended to accept COVID-19. Intention to accept COVID-19 vaccination was significantly associated with physicians (AOR = 9.27, 95% CI: 1.27–27.32), professionals with a history of chronic illness (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI: 2.02–8.21), perceived degree of risk of COVID-19 infection (AOR = 4.63, 95% CI: 1.26–16.98), positive attitude toward COVID-19 prevention (AOR = 6.08, 95% CI: 3.39–10.91) and good preventive practices (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.58–5.08). Conclusion In this study, the intention of health care workers to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was low. Professional types, history of chronic illness, perceived degree of risk to COVID-19 infection, attitude toward COVID-19 and preventive practices were found to be factors for intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine in professionals. It is important to consider professional types, history of chronic illness, perceived degree of risk to COVID-19, attitude of professionals and preventive behaviors to improve the intention of professionals’ vaccine acceptance.