Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heat-shock-induced refolding entails rapid degradation of bsrG toxin mRNA by RNases Y and J 1 Natalie Jahn and

Gene regulation accomplished by alternative folding of an mRNA is a widely used mechanism. Classical examples are the various transcriptional attenuation mechanisms that employ, for example, leader peptide translation, or binding of a modified protein, an uncharged tRNA or an antisense RNA to the 59 untranslated region of an mRNA. With the discovery of transcriptional and translational riboswitches, it became clear that small metabolites or even metal ions can also alter RNA secondary structures and, hence, gene expression. In addition, biophysical factors like temperature can affect RNA folding, as exemplified by RNA thermometers. We have investigated in detail the type I toxin–antitoxin system bsrG/SR4 from Bacillus subtilis. The antitoxin SR4 is a cis-encoded regulatory RNA that neutralizes BsrG toxin action. SR4 prevents toxin expression by promoting degradation of the toxin mRNA and inhibiting its translation. In addition, upon temperature shock the amount of toxin mRNA decreases significantly. Here, we demonstrate that heat shock induces a refolding in the central region of the toxin mRNA that makes it more accessible to degradation by RNases Y and J1. Furthermore, we show that BsrG might play a role at the onset of stationary phase, when the antitoxin SR4 can no longer prevent toxin synthesis. Received 2 December 2015 Accepted 21 January 2016
THE TYPE IA SUPERNOVA 1994D IN NGC 4526 : THE EARLY PHASES

The type la supernova SN 1994D in NGC 4526 was extensively observed as a target of opportunity at ESO. In this paper, we present and discuss the UBVRI photometry and the spectra collected during this campaign from 11 days before maximum to about two months afterwards. Several absorption components of the Na I D lines arising in our Galaxy, in NGC 4526 and in high-velocity clouds located in between have been identified in a high­ resolution spectrum. The total amount of reddening related to these features has been estimated as E(B- V)=0.06. The light curve shapes are similar, but not identical, to those of SN 1992A. The onset of the secondary maximum in the 1 band occurs around day + 20. The SN reached at maximum B = 11.84 and showed a distinctly blue colour [(B- V)= -0.08]. SN 1994D is therefore the bluest SN la observed to date. SN 1994D appears to depart from the previously reported correlation between maximum brightness and rate of decay. The implications of this for the absolute magnitudes and colour dispersion of type la SNe are discussed. The spectroscopic evolution of SN 1994D followed that of standard objects like SN 1992A. The excellent time coverage allowed us to show a sudden break in the decline rate of the expansion velocity deduced from the Si II }"6355 line at around day - 6, probably indicating that after this phase this strong feature originates well above the photosphere. Finally, physical parameters and line identifications have been obtained modelling the day - 4 spectrum by means of a spectrum synthesis code. Overall, the spectrum is successfully fitted as a normal SN la, although the very blue colour cannot be reproduced. The observed weakness of the Co II absorption around 3350 A and its possible bearing on the amount of radioactive Ni produced during the explosion are discussed.
In situ Sr Isotope Compositions of Plagioclase from a Complete Stratigraphic Profile of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa: Evidence for Extensive Magma Mixing and Percolation

The cumulates of the Bushveld Complex, which form the largest layered intrusion on Earth, are known to have crystallized from several isotopically distinct magma pulses. Here, we present in situ Sr isotope compositions combined with the corresponding mineral chemistry of plagioclase from all lithological zones, covering > 6 km of stratigraphy, to constrain the petrogenesis of the complex. The in situ data coupled with high-resolution elemental maps of individual plagioclase grains reveal complex zonation patterns with respect to mineral chemistry and Sr isotope composition. This suggests that interstitial plagioclase in the Bushveld Complex crystallized from multiple, isotopically distinct influxes of melt percolating through a mafic cumulate framework and displacing the resident melt. Similarly, cumulus plagioclase grains are the result of continual ingress of a distinct magma, which picked up previously formed plagioclase crystals. Sr isotope compositions across the layered sequence seem to be largely decoupled from differentiation indices, such as Mg#, anorthite content or trace element ratios. As these observations cannot be explained by bulk assimilation, we propose that the elevated Sr isotopic signature of the Bushveld cumulates may have resulted from the interaction of the parental magma with a fluid derived from the up to 2 km thick dolomitic footwall, which caused a major shift in Sr isotope composition without significantly affecting the degree of differentiation or trace element signature. The decarbonation and/or assimilation of dolomite during the intrusion of the Bushveld Complex may be of major importance, not only for the petrogenesis but also for the emplacement of the layered intrusion, because devolatilization is directly linked to space creation owing to volume loss, thus producing a lopolith.
Diffusive quantum criticality in three-dimensional disordered Dirac semimetals

Three dimensional Dirac semimetals are stable against weak potential disorder, but not against strong disorder. In the language of renormalization group, such stability stems from the irrelevance of weak disorder in the vicinity of the noninteracting Gaussian fixed point. However, beyond a threshold, potential disorder can take Dirac semimetals into a compressible diffusive metallic phase through a quantum phase transition (QPT), where density of states at zero energy, quasiparticle lifetime and metallic conductivity at $T=0$, are finite. Universal behavior of such unconventional QPT is described within the framework of an $\epsilon(=d-2)$-expansion near the lower critical dimension. Various exponents near this QCP are obtained after performing a two loop perturbative expansion in the vanishing replica limit and we demonstrate that the theory is renormalizable at least to two loop order.We argue that such QPT is always continuous in nature, share same university class with a similar transition driven by odd-parity disorder, critical exponents are independent of flavor number of Dirac femrions and thus can be germane to disordered Cd$_3$As$_2$, Na$_3$Bi. Scaling behaviors of various measurable quantities, such as specific heat, density of states across such QPT are proposed.
Confronting the WRF and RAMS mesoscale models with innovative observations in the Netherlands: Evaluating the boundary layer heat budget

The Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) and the The Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) and the Regional Atmospheric Mesoscale Model System (RAMS) are frequently used for (regional) weather, climate and air quality studies. This paper covers an evaluation of these models for a windy and calm episode against Cabauw tower observations (The Netherlands), with a special focus on the representation of the physical processes in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). In ad-dition, area averaged sensible heat flux observations by scintillometry are utilized which enables evaluation of grid scale model fluxes and flux observations at the same horizontal scale. Also, novel ABL height observations by ceilometry and of the near surface longwave radiation divergence are utilized. It appears that WRF in its basic set-up shows satisfactory model results for nearly all atmospheric near surface variables compared to field observations, while RAMS needed refining of its ABL scheme. An important inconsistency was found regarding the ABL daytime heat budget: Both model versions are only able to correctly forecast the ABL thermodynamic structure when the modeled surface sensible heat flux is much larger than both the eddy-covariance and scintillometer observations indicate. In order to clarify this discrepancy, model results for each term of the heat budget equation is evaluated against field observations. Sensitivity studies and evaluation of radiative tendencies and entrainment reveal that possible errors in these variables cannot explain the overestimation of the sensible heat flux within the current model infrastructure.
Novel measurement technique for the electromagnetic characterization of coating materials in the sub-THz frequency range

This paper describes a reliable, handy, and inexpensive measurement system to characterize, in the sub-THz frequency range, the coating materials used in the beam pipes of accelerators. The method is based on time domainmeasurements of an electromagneticwavepassing throughawaveguidehaving a thin central slab,where the coating material is deposited on both sides. Two horn antennas are integrated on both sides of the device to optimize the signal collection and detection. This novel technique is tested on slabs coatedwith a nonevaporable getter (NEG) and allows to evaluate the surface impedance in the frequency range from 0.1 to 0.3 THz.
CI Camelopardalis: The first sgB[e]-high mass X-ray binary twenty years on: A supernova imposter in our own Galaxy?

Context. The Galactic supergiant B[e] star CI Camelopardalis (CI Cam) was the first sgB[e] star detected during an X-ray outburst. The star brightened to ∼2 Crab in the X-ray regime (∼5 × 10−8 ergs cm−2 s−1 in the 2–25 keV range) within hours before decaying to a quiescent level in less than two weeks, clearly indicative of binarity. Since the outburst of CI Cam, several sgB[e] stars have been identified as X-ray overluminous for a single star (i.e. LX > 10−7 Lbol). This small population has recently expanded to include two ultra luminous X-ray sources (ULX), Holmberg II X-1 and NGC 300 ULX-1/supernova imposter SN2010da. Aims. Since the discovery of X-ray emission from CI Cam, there have been many developments in the field of massive binary evolution. In light of the recent inclusion of two ULXs in the population of X-ray bright sgB[e] stars, we revisit CI Cam to investigate its behaviour over several timescales and shed further light on the nature of the compact object in the system, its X-ray outburst in 1998 and the binary system parameters. Methods. We analysed archival XMM-Newton EPIC-pn spectra and light curves along with new data from Swift and NuSTAR. We also present high-resolution (R ∼ 85 000) Mercator/HERMES optical spectra, including a spectrum taken 1.02 days after our NuSTAR observation. Results. Despite being in quiescence, CI Cam is highly X-ray variable on timescales of days, both in terms of total integrated flux and spectral shape. We interpret these variations by invoking the presence of an accreting compact companion immersed in a dense, highly structured, aspherical circumstellar envelope. The differences in the accretion flux and circumstellar extinction represent either changes in this environment, triggered by variable mass loss from the star, or the local conditions to the accretor due to its orbital motion. We find no evidence for pulsations in the X-ray light curve. Conclusions. CI Cam has many similarities with SN2010da across mid-IR, optical and X-ray wavelengths suggesting that, subject to distance determination for CI Cam, if CI Cam was located in an external galaxy its 1998 outburst would have led to a classification as a supernova imposter.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Evaluating and Analyzing Click Simulation in Web Search

We evaluate and analyze the quality of click models with respect to their ability to simulate users’ click behavior. To this end, we propose distribution-based metrics for measuring the quality of click simulation in addition to metrics that directly compare simulated and real clicks. We perform a comparison of widely-used click models in terms of the quality of click simulation and analyze this quality for queries with dierent frequencies. We nd that click models fail to accurately simulate user clicks, especially when simulating sessions with no clicks and sessions with a click on the rst position. We also nd that click models with higher click prediction performance simulate clicks beer than other models.
Serum Levels of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) as Predictor of Acute Kidney Injury in Sickle Cell Subjects

Background: Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (NGAL) has generated great interest as a novel biomarker for the timely detection of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). This study, therefore, investigated NGAL as a predictive marker for acute kidney injury among sickle cell subjects. Materials and methods: A total of fifty (50) sickle cell subjects aged 18-60 years and attending the sickle cell clinic of Federal Medical Centre, Owo were randomly recruited along with twenty-five (25) apparently healthy age and sexmatched non-sickle cell subjects attending the family medicine outpatient clinic of the hospital as control for the study. Plasma levels of NGAL were assessed using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit, while urea and creatinine were determined by standard spectrophotometric method. The results were statistically analyzed for significance at p<0.05 using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: NGAL and urea plasma levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased in the steady and vaso-occlusive (VOC) sickle cell subjects, glomerular filtration rate showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in both steady and VOC groups compared to the normal healthy control. The levels of urea and creatinine were increased significantly (p<0.05) in the VOC sickle cell group compared with the steady sickle cell group, whereas circulating levels of NGAL showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in VOC sickle cell group compared with the steady sickle cell group. NGAL revealed an excellent higher area under the receiver operating curve than urea and creatinine. Conclusion: NGAL was shown to be a sensitive tool, an early biomarker for acute kidney injury in sickle cell subjects and clinically significant for its wide availability, easy accessibility, and sensitivity in aiding early detection with a dynamic wide range for routine assessment in the management of SCD.
Quasiclassical Theory on Third-Harmonic Generation in Conventional Superconductors with Paramagnetic Impurities

We investigate the third-harmonic generation (THG) of s-wave superconductors under microwave pulse irradiation. We consider the effect of paramagnetic impurities on the THG intensity of dirty superconductors. The nonlinear response function is calculated using the method of the quasiclassical Green function. It is shown that the amplitude mode is included as the vertex correction and makes a predominant contribution to the THG intensity. When the effect of paramagnetic impurities is weak, the THG intensity shows a peak at the temperature at which the superconducting gap is about the same as the frequency of the incident pulse, similarly to in experiments. As the effect of paramagnetic impurities is strengthened, the peak of the THG intensity disappears. This indicates that time-reversal symmetry breaking due to paramagnetic impurities eliminates the well-defined amplitude mode. The result of our calculation shows that the existence of the amplitude mode can be confirmed through the THG intensity. The resu.
The Cox-2 2 1195 G > A polymorphism and cancer risk : a meta-analysis of 25 case – control studies

Central Laboratory of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China, Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, 82 Xinhua South Road, Tongzhou 101149, China, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College 17 Panjiayuan South, Beijing 100021, China and Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, 191 Chaoyang Road, Kunshan 215300, China, yBoth authors contributed equally to this work. To whom correspondence should be addressed. Central Laboratory of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, China. Tel: þ86 25 52887003; Fax: þ86 25 52887029; Email: shukwang@163.com
Reionization and Galaxy Formation in Warm Dark Matter Cosmologies

We compare model results from a semi-analytic (merger-tree based) framework for high-redshift (z ≃ 5–20) galaxy formation against reionization indicators, including the Planck electron scattering optical depth (τes) and the ionizing photon emissivity ( ), to shed light on the reionization history and sources in Cold (CDM) and Warm Dark Matter (WDM; particle masses of = 1.5, 3, and 5 keV) cosmologies. This model includes all of the key processes of star formation, supernova feedback, the merger/accretion/ejection driven evolution of gas and stellar mass and the effect of the ultra-violet background (UVB), created during reionization, in photo-evaporating the gas content of galaxies in halos with Mh ≲ 109 . We find that the delay in the start of reionization in light (1.5 keV) WDM models can be compensated by a steeper redshift evolution of the ionizing photon escape fraction and a faster mass assembly, resulting in reionization ending at comparable redshifts (z ≃ 5.5) in all the dark matter models considered. We find that the bulk of the reionization photons come from galaxies with a halo mass of Mh ≲ 109 and a UV magnitude of −15 ≲ MUV ≲ −10 in CDM. The progressive suppression of low-mass halos with decreasing leads to a shift in the “reionization” population to larger halo masses of Mh ≳ 109 and −17 ≲ MUV ≲ −13 for 1.5 keV WDM. We find that current observations of τes and the ultra violet luminosity function are equally compatible with all the (cold and warm) dark matter models considered in this work. Quantifying the impact of the UVB on galaxy observables (luminosity functions, stellar mass densities, and stellar to halo mass ratios) for different DM models, we propose that global indicators including the redshift evolution of the stellar mass density and the stellar mass–halo mass relation, observable with the James Webb Space Telescope, can be used to distinguish between CDM and WDM (1.5 keV) cosmologies.
Material Properties The effect of post-consumer PET particles on the performance of flexible polyurethane foams

In this work, the use of post-consumer PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PETpc, as reinforcement filler in flexible polyurethane foams was studied, with the aim of finding alternatives for the recycling of polymer packaging. Density, number of cells per linear centimeter, tensile resistance, strain at break and tear resistance of standard foams were compared to those of foams with PETpc in the formulation, using 1.5 parts per hundred of polyol of PETpc (granulometric range 0–297 mm). The produced foams were sectioned into top, mid-top, mid-bottom and bottom layers. Tensile resistance, strain at break and tear resistance of the reinforced foam surpassed those of the standard foam for all layers. The number of cells was constant but density increased towards the base of the block. In addition, the filled foams yielded better wear, compression set and compression resistance than the standard foam, whereas no significant variation in morphology (cell shape) was
The Removal of Turbulent Broadening in Radar Doppler Spectra Using Linear Inversion with Double-Sided Constraints

Abstract Remote sensing instruments have the ability to collect data over extensive temporal periods and spatial regions. A common thread between all these sensors is the need to relate the measured quantity to a meaningful observation of a system property. If the relationship between each measurement and the set of atmospheric quantities that influence that measurement is known, the problem can be reduced to a set of linear equations. Solving for the unknown atmospheric quantities then becomes a linear algebra problem, where the solution vector is equal to the inverse of the kernel matrix multiplied by the set of independent measurements. However, in most remote sensing applications, inversion of the kernel matrix is unstable, resulting in the amplification of measurement and computational uncertainties. Techniques to circumvent this error amplification have focused on methods of constraining the solution. In this paper, the authors adapt an existing technique to do such an inversion. Noise reduction is .
Dimension adaptability of Gaussian process models with variable selection and projection

It is now known that an extended Gaussian process model equipped with rescaling can adapt to different smoothness levels of a function valued parameter in many nonparametric Bayesian analyses, offering a posterior convergence rate that is optimal (up to logarithmic factors) for the smoothness class the true function belongs to. This optimal rate also depends on the dimension of the function's domain and one could potentially obtain a faster rate of convergence by casting the analysis in a lower dimensional subspace that does not amount to any loss of information about the true function. In general such a subspace is not known a priori but can be explored by equipping the model with variable selection or linear projection. We demonstrate that for nonparametric regression, classification, density estimation and density regression, a rescaled Gaussian process model equipped with variable selection or linear projection offers a posterior convergence rate that is optimal (up to logarithmic factors) for the lowest dimension in which the analysis could be cast without any loss of information about the true function. Theoretical exploration of such dimension reduction features appears novel for Bayesian nonparametric models with or without Gaussian processes.
Posterior consistency in linear models under shrinkage priors

We investigate the asymptotic behaviour of posterior distributions of regression coefficients in high-dimensional linear models as the number of dimensions grows with the number of observations. We show that the posterior distribution concentrates in neighbourhoods of the true parameter under simple sufficient conditions. These conditions hold under popular shrinkage priors given some sparsity assumptions. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.
Risk management for analytical methods: conciliating objectives of methods, validation phase and routine decision rules

SUMMARY In industries that involve either chemistry or biology, the analytical methods are the necessary eyes of all the material produced. If the quality of an analytical method is doubtful, then the whole set of decisions that will be based on those measures is questionable. For those reasons, being able to assess the quality of an analytical method is far more than a statistical challenge; it’s a matter of ethic and good business practices. The validity of an analytical method must be assessed at two levels. The “pre-study” validation aims at proving, by an appropriate set of designed experiments, that the method is able to achieve its objectives. The “in-study” validation is intended to verify, by inserting QC samples in routine, that the method remains valid over time. This paper discusses and compares two methods, based on the total error concept, to check the validity of a measurement method at a pre-study level. The first checks if a tolerance interval on hypothetical future measurements lies within given acceptance limits and the second calculates the probability to lie within these limits and verifies if it is greater than a given acceptance level. For the “in-study” validation, the paper assesses the properties of the s-n-λ rule recommended by FDA. A crucial point is also to ensure that the decisions taken at the pre-study stage and in routine are compatible. More precisely, a laboratory should not see its method rejected in routine when it has been proven to be valid and remains so. This goal may be achieved by an appropriate choice of validation parameters at both pre- and in-study levels.