Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of and crack density on the elasticity, strength and friction of granular materials : insights from

porosity Abstract 10 Empirical rock properties and continuum mechanics provide a basis for defining 11 relationships between a variety of mechanical properties, such as strength, friction 12 angle, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, on the one hand and both porosity and crack 13 density, on the other. This study uses the Discrete Element Method (DEM), in which 14 rock is represented by bonded, spherical particles, to investigate the dependence of 15 elasticity, strength and friction angle on porosity and crack density. A series of 16 confined triaxial extension and compression tests was performed on samples that were 17 generated with different particle packing methods, characterised by differing particle 18 size distributions and porosities, and with different proportions of pre-existing cracks, 19 or uncemented grain contacts, modelled as non-bonded contacts. The 3D DEM model 20 results demonstrate that the friction angle decreases (almost) linearly with increasing 21 porosity and is independent of particle size distribution. Young’s modulus, strength and the ratio of unconfined compressive strength to tensile strength (UCS/T) also 23 decrease with increasing porosity, whereas Poisson’s ratio is (almost) porosity 24 independent. The pre-eminent control on UCS/T is however the proportion of bonded 25 contacts, suggesting that UCS/T increases with increasing crack density. Young’s 26 modulus and strength decrease, while Poisson’s ratio increases with increasing crack 27 density. The modelling results replicate a wide range of empirical relationships 28 observed in rocks and underpin improved methods for the calibration of DEM model 29 materials.
Wavelength-precise slit spectroscopy with optical fiber image scramblers

The application of optical-fiber image scramblers in wavelength-precise slit spectroscopy is discussed together with the design strategy for the optimal instrument configuration incorporating an optical-fiber image scrambler. Particular attention is given to the aspects of data analysis and interpretation techniques which must be specially designed for high-precision spectroscopy. In a specific application to an existing coude spectrograph, the instrumentation and data reduction techniques described in this paper demonstrate an achievable precision corresponding to a systematic radial velocity error of about 30 m/sec.
Vegetation structure and ﬁre weather inﬂuence variation in burn severity and fuel consumption during peatland wildﬁres

Temperate peatland wildﬁres are of signiﬁcant environmental concern but information on their environmental effects is lacking. We assessed variation in burn severity and fuel consumption within and between wildﬁres that burnt British moorlands in 2011 and 2012. We adapted the composite burn index (pCBI) to provide semi-quantitative estimates of burn severity. Pre- and post-ﬁre surface (shrubs and graminoids) and ground (litter, moss, duff) fuel loads associated with large wildﬁres were assessed using destructive sampling and analysed using a generalised linear mixed model (GLMM). Consumption during wildﬁres was compared with published estimates of consumption during prescribed burns. Burn severity and fuel consumption were related to ﬁre weather, assessed using the Canadian Fire Weather Index System (FWI System), and pre-ﬁre vegetation type. pCBI varied 1.6 fold between, and up to 1.7 fold within, wildﬁres. pCBI was higher where moisture codes of the FWI System indicated drier fuels. Spatial variation in pre- and post-ﬁre fuel load accounted for a substantial proportion of the variance in fuel loads. Average surface fuel consumption was a linear function of pre-ﬁre fuel load. Average ground fuel combustion completeness could be predicted by the Buildup Index. Carbon release ranged between 0.36 and 1.00 kg C m − 2 . The ﬂammability of ground fuel layers may explain the higher C release-rates seen for wildﬁres in comparison to prescribed burns. Drier moorland community types appear to be at greater risk of severe burns than blanket-bog communities.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of WRKY transcription factors in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) under dehydration and salinity stress. CURRENT STATUS:

Background: Plants have developed various sophisticated mechanisms to cope up with climate extremes and different stress conditions, especially by involving specific transcription factors (TFs). The members of the WRKY TF family are well known for their role in plant development, phytohormone signaling and developing resistance against biotic or abiotic stresses. In this study, we performed a genome-wide screening to identify and analyze the WRKY TFs in pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum; PgWRKY ) , which is one of the most widely grown cereal crop in the semi-arid regions. Results: A total number of 97 putative PgWRKY proteins were identified and classified into three major Groups (I-III) based on the presence of WRKY DNA binding domain and zinc-finger motif structures. Members of Group II have been further subdivided into five subgroups (IIa-IIe) based on the phylogenetic analysis. In-silico analysis of PgWRKYs revealed the presence of various cis-regulatory elements in their promoter region like ABRE, DRE, ERE, EIRE, Dof, AUXRR, G-box, etc., suggesting their probable involvement in growth, development and stress responses of pearl millet. Chromosomal mapping evidenced uneven distribution of identified 97 PgWRKY genes across all the seven chromosomes of pearl millet. Synteny analysis of PgWRKYs established their orthologous and paralogous relationship among the WRKY gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa and Setaria italica . Gene ontology (GO) annotation functionally categorized these PgWRKYs under cellular components, molecular functions and biological processes. Further, the differential expression pattern of PgWRKY s was noticed in different tissues (leaf, stem, root) and under both drought and salt stress conditions. The expression pattern of PgWRKY33 , PgWRKY62 and PgWRKY65 indicates their probable involvement in both dehydration and salinity stress responses in pearl millet. Conclusion: Functional characterization of identified PgWRKY s can be useful in delineating their role behind the natural stress tolerance of pearl millet against harsh environmental conditions. Further, these PgWRKY s can be employed in genome editing for millet crop improvement.
A. Skorohod’s stochastic integral equation for a reflecting barrier diffusion

lb) N(0) = a > 0' subject to the conditions : a ) fo r each t > 0 , ( t ) an d t ( t) are Borel functions of the path b(s) : s <t , b) (t) is continuous and non-negative, a n d c ) t( t) is continuous, non-negative, increasing, flat outside B =(t : x =0), and t(0) = 0 . A. SKOROHOD [6] proved that if c2 > 0 and if 2) c 1 (b)— c + j N/c2 (b)— c2 (a)1 < constant x (b — a) (0 < a <b) , then 1) has a unique solution [x, t] for all but a negligeable class of Brownian paths, being identical in law to the diffusion with generator Ou—(c 2 12)u"+c,u/ subject to the reflecting barrier condition u ' (0) =lim 6 1 [u(&)— u(0)] =0. SKOROHOD seems to have overlooked it , b u t t is the local time' of 3) t(s) c 2 (0) lim (2 8 ') measure (s : x(s)<E , s <t) 14.0
University of Birmingham Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vescicles promote neuroprotection in a genetic DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma

P URPOSE . To determine if bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMSC) small extracellular vesicles (sEV) promote retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neuroprotection in the genetic DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma for 12 months. M ETHODS . BMSC sEV and control ﬁbroblast-derived sEV were intravitreally injected into 3- month-old DBA/2J mice once a month for 9 months. IOP and positive scotopic threshold responses were measured from 3 months: IOP was measured monthly and positive scotopic threshold responses were measured every 3 months. RGC neuroprotection was determined in wholemounts stained with RNA binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS), whereas axonal damage was assessed using paraphenylenediamine staining. R ESULTS . As expected, DBA/2J mice developed chronic ocular hypertension beginning at 6 months. The delivery of BMSC sEV, but not ﬁbroblast sEV, provided signiﬁcant neuroprotective effects for RBPMS þ RGC while signiﬁcantly reducing the number of degenerating axons seen in the optic nerve. BMSC sEV signiﬁcantly preserved RGC function in 6-month-old mice, but provided no beneﬁt at 9 and 12 months. C ONCLUSIONS . BMSC sEV are an effective neuroprotective treatment in a chronic model of ocular hypertension for 1 year, preserving RGC numbers and protecting against axonal degeneration.
AP3 adaptor protein-dependent vacuolar trafficking involves a subpopulation of COPII and 21 HOPS tethering proteins

30 Plant vacuoles are versatile organelles critical for plant growth and responses to 31 environment. Vacuolar proteins are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 32 via multiple routes in plants. Two classic routes bear great similarity to other phyla 33 with major regulators known, such as COPII and Rab5 GTPases. By contrast, vacuolar 34 trafficking mediated by adaptor protein-3 (AP-3) or that independent of Golgi has few 35 recognized cargos and none of the regulators. In search of novel regulators for 36 vacuolar trafficking routes and by using a fluorescence-based forward genetic screen, 37 we demonstrated that the multi-span transmembrane protein, Arabidopsis PROTEIN 38 S-ACYL TRANSFERASE 10 (PAT10), is an AP-3-mediated vacuolar cargo. We show that 39 the tonoplast targeting of PAT10 is mediated by AP-3 complex but independent of 40 Rab5-mediated post-Golgi trafficking route. We also report that AP-3-mediated 41 vacuolar trafficking involves a subpopulation of COPII and requires the vacuolar 42 tethering complex HOPS. In addition, we have identified two novel mutant alleles of 43 AP-3δ , whose point mutations interfered with the formation of the AP-3 complex as 44 well as its membrane targeting. Results presented here shed new lights on the 45 vacuolar trafficking route mediated by AP-3 in plant cells. 46
Edinburgh Cotinine Exposure Increases Fallopian Tube PROKR1 Expression via Nicotinic AChR alpha-7: A Potential Mechanism Explaining the Link between Smoking and Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy

Tubal ectopic pregnancy (EP) is the most common cause of maternal mortality in the first trimester of pregnancy; however, its etiology is uncertain. In EP, embryo retention within the Fallopian tube (FT) is thought to be due to impaired smooth muscle contractility (SMC) and alterations in the tubal microenvironment. Smoking is a major risk factor for EP. FTs from women with EP exhibit altered prokineticin re-ceptor-1 (PROKR1) expression, the receptor for prokineticins (PROK). PROK1 is angiogenic, regulates SMC, and is involved in intrauterine implantation. We hypothesized that smoking predisposes women to EP by altering tubal PROKR1 expression. Sera/FT were collected at hysterectomy ( n (cid:1) 21). Serum levels of the smoking metabolite, cotinine, were measured by en-zyme-linked immunosorbent assay. FTs were analyzed by q-RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting for expression of PROKR1 and the predicted cotinine receptor, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (cid:2) -7
The heterogeneous effects of neonatal care: a model of endogenous demand for multiple treatment options based on geographical access to care Running title: Heterogeneous effects of neonatal care

© 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Mújica Mota, RE, Landa, P, Pitt, M et al. (2 more authors) (2020) The heterogeneous ‐ causal effects of neonatal care: a model of endogenous demand for multiple treatment options based on geographical access to care. Health Economics, 29 (1). pp. 46-60. ISSN 1057-9230, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.3970. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.
PII: S1010-7940(01)00733-3

Objective: The incidence of adenocarcinoma and bronchoalveolar carcinoma has increased in recent years. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate radiological and pathological factors affecting survival in patients with bronchoalveolar carcinoma (BAC) or BAC associated with adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical treatment. Methods: From May 1988 to September 1999, 49 patients with BAC or BAC and adenocarcinoma underwent surgical treatment. Complete resection was performed in 42 patients. In these patients the impact of the following factors on survival was evaluated: stage, TNM status, radiological and pathological ®ndings (percentage of bronchoalveolar carcinoma in the tumour, presence or absence of sclerosing and mucinous patterns, vascular invasion and lymphocytic in®ltration). Results: Twenty-nine patients were male and 20 female. Mean age was 63 years. Five-year survival was 54%. Univariate analysis of the patients who underwent complete resection demonstrated a favourable impact on survival in stages Ia and Ib (P  0:01) and in the absence of nodal involvement (P  0:02) and mucinous patterns (P  0:02). Mucinous pattern was also prognostically relevant at multivariate analysis (P  0:02). In the 27 patients with stage Ia and Ib disease, univariate analysis demonstrated that the absence of mucinous pattern (P  0:006) and a higher percentage of BAC (P  0:01) favourably in ̄uenced survival. The latter data were also con®rmed by multivariate analysis (P  0:01). Conclusion: Surgical treatment of early-stage BAC and combined BAC and adenocarcinoma is associated with favourable results. However, the de®nition of prognostic factors is of utmost importance to improve the results of the treatment. In our series tumours of the mucinous subtype and with a lower percentage of BAC had a worse prognosis. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Pump Inhibitor the in the General

Background and Aims Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes amongst clopidogrel users after an acute coronary syndrome. Recent pre-clinical results suggest that this risk might extend to subjects without any prior history of cardiovascular disease. We explore this potential risk in the general population via data-mining approaches. population. These data provide an example of how a combination of experimental studies and data-mining approaches can be applied to prioritize drug safety signals for further
Moving from customer feedback to organizational learning

Customer-orientation is a strategy that has been adopted by many organizations. This strategy refers to the ability to assess the customer's perception of the service quality, for instance through customer feedback. Customer feedback can be acquired through surveys or given to the frontline employees. The processes for acquiring customer feedback for customer-oriented firms are generally well-developed. However, research shows that utilizing this valuable information is not conducted in a systematic matter. In this thesis, we investigate how a Swedish DSO can transfer knowledge from customer feedback internally to facilitate organizational learning. The primary empirical data in this qualitative research is gathered through interviews from the empirical context as well as with management consultants with organizational learning as their expertise. Findings from this thesis show that there is no panacea regarding how customer feedback should be presented and communicated in order to enable the organization to act on it. However, the findings indicate that an unsupportive organizational culture inhibits customer feedback to be shared effectively. Knowledge from customers must be equally valued as technical knowledge. Furthermore, it became evident that the organization endeavor a codification strategy. While this strategy is suitable for solicited feedback, this thesis argues that a personalization strategy might be more adequate for unsolicited feedback since it is difficult to express in a codified form. Our thesis is a small contribution to the limited research done on how to act on customer feedback and bring knowledge from customers to organizational learning. In addition, this thesis also contributes to existing research by investigating barriers that a regulated monopoly encounters when trying to become customer-oriented. Key-words: customer feedback, customer-orientation, knowledge transfer, regulated monopoly Examensarbete TRITA-ITM-EX 2019:316 Från kundfeedback till organisationsinlärning En fallstudie av ett svenskt elnätsbolag
Entrepreneurs’ age, institutions, and social value creation: a multi­country study

This study explores the relationship between an entrepreneur's age and his/her social value creation goals. Building on the lifespan developmental psychology literature and institutional theory, we hypothesize a U-shaped relationship between entrepreneurs ’ age and their choice to create social value through their ventures, such that younger and older entrepreneurs create more social value with their businesses while middle age entrepreneurs are relatively more economically and less socially oriented with their ventures. We further hypothesize that the quality of a country ’ s formal institutions in terms of economic, social, and political freedom steepen the U-shaped relationship between entrepreneurs ’ age and their choice to pursue social value creation as supportive institutional environments allow entrepreneurs to follow their age-based preferences. We confirm our predictions using multilevel mixed-effects linear regressions on a sample of over 15,000 entrepreneurs (aged between 18 and 64 years) in 45 countries from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data. The findings are robust to several alternative specifica-tions. Based on our findings, we discuss implications for theory and practice, and we propose future research directions.
Global transcriptome analysis of the heat shock response of Bi¢dobacteriumlongum

Biﬁdobacteria are natural inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract and have been widely used as functional foods in different products. During industrial processing, bacterial cells undergo several stresses that can limit large-scale production and stability of the ﬁnal product. To better understand the stress-response mechanisms of biﬁdobacteria, microarrays were used to obtain a global transcriptome proﬁle of Biﬁdobacterium longum NCC2705 exposed to a heat shock treatment at 50 1 C for 3, 7 and 12 min. Gene expression data highlighted a profound modiﬁcation of gene expression, with 46% of the genes being altered. This analysis revealed a slow-down of Bi. longum general metabolic activity during stress with a simultaneous activation of the classical heat shock stimulon. More-over, the expression
Extraordinary acquirers $ Journal of Financial Economics

Firm fixed effects alone explain as much of the variation in acquirer returns as all the firm- and deal-specific characteristics combined. An interquartile range of acquirer fixed effects is over 6%, comparable to the interquartile range of acquirer returns. Acquirer returns persist over time, but mainly at the top end of the distribution. Persistence continues under different chief executive officers (CEOs), and attributes of the broader management team do not explain the fixed effect. Firm-specific heterogeneity in acquirer returns suggests that some organizations are extraordinary acquirers irrespective of the leadership at the top and the deal structures they choose. Implications for the M&A research are discussed.
Nicotiana benthamiana (cid:2) -galactosidase A1.1 can functionally complement human (cid:2) -galactosidase A deficiency associated with Fabry disease

(cid:2) -Galactosidases (EC 3.2.1.22) are retaining glycosidases that cleave terminal (cid:2) -linked galactose residues from glycoconju-gate substrates. (cid:2) -Galactosidases take part in the turnover of cell wall–associated galactomannans in plants and in the lysosomal degradation of glycosphingolipids in animals. Deficiency of human (cid:2) -galactosidase A ( (cid:2) -Gal A) causes Fabry disease (FD), a heritable, X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, characterized by accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3). Current management of FD involves enzyme-replacement therapy (ERT). An activity-based probe (ABP) covalently labeling the catalytic nucleophile of (cid:2) -Gal A has been previously designed to study (cid:2) -galactosi-dases for use in FD therapy. Here, we report that this ABP labels proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf extracts, enabling the identification and biochemical characterization of an N. benthamiana (cid:2) -galactosidase we name here A1.1 (gene accession ID GJZM-1660). The transiently overexpressed and purified enzyme was a monomer lacking N -glycans and was active toward 4-methylumbelliferyl- (cid:2) - D -galactopyranoside substrate ( K m (cid:3) 0.17 m M ) over a broad pH range. A1.1 structural analysis by X-ray crystallography revealed marked similarities with human (cid:2) -Gal A, even including A1.1’s ability to hydrolyze Gb3 and lyso-Gb3, which are not endogenous in plants. Of note, A1.1 uptake into FD fibroblasts reduced the elevated lyso-Gb3 levels in these cells, consistent with A1.1 delivery to lysosomes as revealed by confocal microscopy. The ease of production and the features of A1.1, such as stability over a broad pH range, combined with its capacity to degrade glycosphingolipid substrates, warrant further examination of its value as a potential therapeutic agent for ERT-based FD management. N. benthamiana (cid:2) -galactosidase, identified in this study; PDB, Protein Data Bank; dpi, days post-infiltration; rcf, relative centrifugal force; BisTris, 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol; PNGase F, peptide: N -glycosidase F; EndoH, endoglycanase H.