Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analysis of tidal strain observations from the United States of America II. The inhomogeneous tide

In Beaumont and Berger (1975), strain observations from seven sites in the continental United States were analyzed and compared with the homogeneous tides predicted for a radially stratified earth including the effects of ocean-tide loading. In this work the effects of lateral inhomogeneities in structure are examined using two- and three-dimensional finite element models. The results demonstrate that the topographic and geologic corrections are as large as ±25 per cent of the homogeneous strain tide for some of the strainmenter sites examined. Cavity effects are normally less than 5 per cent unless the strainmeters are installed transversely in tunnels. Contour plots of the topographic effects show that they may exceed ±50 per cent of the homogeneous strain in extreme cases. It is concluded from an error analysis that a theoretical model including local perturbations due to lateral inhomogeneities as well as the load and earth tides explains the observations. However, the errors in the observations, and uncertainties in our knowledge of the deep ocean tides in particular, prevent strain observations from providing useful measures of whole earth elastic properties (Love numbers) or anelasticity. In addition to earth tides, the results demonstrate that secular strain, in situ stress, and seismic strain must all be corrected for site effects.
Immobilization of Heparan Sulfate on Electrospun Meshes to Support Embryonic Stem Cell Culture and Differentiation*

Background: Glycosaminoglycans influence stem cell fate but their combination with biomaterials remains to be optimized. Results: GAG bound to scaffolds presented essential sulfation epitopes and proved biologically active. Conclusion: Use of plasma polymerized allylamine proved effective in functionalizing a fibrous extracellular matrix mimic. Significance: The biomaterial has broad applicability to stem cell culture and has potential future applications in regenerative medicine. As our understanding of what guides the behavior of multi- and pluripotent stem cells deepens, so too does our ability to utilize certain cues to manipulate their behavior and maximize their therapeutic potential. Engineered, biologically functionalized materials have the capacity to influence stem cell behavior through a powerful combination of biological, mechanical, and topographical cues. Here, we present the development of a novel electrospun scaffold, functionalized with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) ionically immobilized onto the fiber surface. Bound GAGs retained the ability to interact with GAG-binding molecules and, crucially, presented GAG sulfation motifs fundamental to mediating stem cell behavior. Bound GAG proved to be biologically active, rescuing the neural differentiation capacity of heparan sulfate-deficient mouse embryonic stem cells and functioning in concert with FGF4 to facilitate the formation of extensive neural processes across the scaffold surface. The combination of GAGs with electrospun scaffolds creates a biomaterial with potent applicability for the propagation and effective differentiation of pluripotent stem cells.
THE KATIE PROSPECT AND THE POTENTIAL FOR VOLCANOGENIC MASSIVE SULPHIDES IN THE BAIE D'ESPOIR GROUP, SOUTH-CENTRAL NEWFOUNDLAND: A METALLOGENIC AND LITHOGEOCHEMICAL STUDY

The Huxter Pond volcanic belt is a felsic to intermediate volcanic sequence, seemingly formed in an island-arc-type setting, which may be a favourable environment for the deposition of volcanogenic massive sulphides. Regionally, the Huxter Pond volcanics are situated in the Exploits Subzone of the Dunnage Tectonostratigraphic Zone, and apparently represent the easternmost example of arc volcanism in the subzone. Locally, these rocks belong to the Middle Ordovician North Steady Pond Formation of the Baie d'Espoir Group, which comprises repetitive sequences of volcanogenic arkose, argillite, conglomerate, and transitional to calc-alkaline volcanic rocks consisting mainly of intermediate to felsic tuff. Volcanic rocks in the western Exploits Subzone of the Dunnage Zone, such as those in the Tulks Hill and Tally Pond volcanic belts, are recognized as hosts to significant VMS depositional environments and are similar in age and lithology to the Huxter Pond volcanic belt. Rock types and sulphide mineralization at the Strickland VMS deposit in the Hermitage Flexure of the southwestern Exploits Subzone also resemble those in the Huxter Pond volcanics, particularly in the vicinity of the Katie Prospect. The Strickland deposit is predominantly zinc rich and hosted by Ordovician felsic volcanic rocks interpreted to have erupted near the Gondwanan continental margin. This study was designed to determine if the Huxter Pond volcanics are genetically related to volcanism in the western half of the Exploits Subzone and their potential for base-metal enrichments. Geochemical data define the presence of two different igneous suites in the vicinity of the Katie Prospect, viz.; a calcalkaline rhyodacite to dacite suite (the so-called normal felsic volcanic suite) and a tholeiitic to transitional high-level granite–granite breccia–tuff suite. The granite–granite breccia–tuff suite itself appears to be at least, in part, bimodal, being further subdivided into andesite and rhyodacite groups. Sulphide-enriched samples are solely felsic volcanic and exhibit significantly different geochemical signatures than the normal suite including the immobile elements. Lead isotope data for a galena separate from the Katie Prospect resemble those for galenas from Victoria Mine, Tulks and Tulks Hill deposits of the Victoria Lake supergroup. Recognizing and documenting the metallogenic potential of the Huxter Pond volcanics with respect to other deposits in the Exploits Subzone, and to the overall geological development of the Iapetus Ocean may be of considerable importance for understanding the metallogenic development of the entire volcanogenic massive sulphide district in central Newfoundland.
Foundations of Finance.

Course Description Foundations of Finance is designed to familiarise students with the components of the financial system as well as to introduce them to the three basic ideas underpinning finance: the time value of money; diversification; and, arbitrage. The aim of the course is to provide students with introductory exposure to financial transactions, institutions and markets including money markets, stock markets, foreign exchange, derivative markets and contracts. It provides students with a solid foundation for later studies in finance. Mode of Delivery Two-hour lecture, one hour tutorial and one hour workshop per week on campus. Lectures and workshops will be recorded and available on Wattle.
Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Systems, programming, and applications: software for humanity

Welcome to Tucson, Arizona and the 2012 Systems, Programming, Languages, Applications: Software for Humanity (SPLASH) conference! This is the third annual SPLASH conference. SPLASH is an umbrella conference containing OOPSLA, Onward! , and Wavefront. This year we also have the Dynamic Languages Symposium (DLS) and Pattern Languages of Programs (PLoP) co-located with us. The SPLASH conference grew out of OOPSLA, which started in 1986 and eventually grew to a SPLASH-like set of conferences (including Onward! ) in 2009. Thus 2012 can be considered the 27th year of this great tradition. The rebranding of the conference as SPLASH recognizes the growth of this area beyond object-oriented programming. However, the conference as a whole retains a similar set of interests. These interests span many areas of programming, programming languages, and software engineering. I invite you to dive into the research papers at OOPSLA, find out about cutting-edge industrial ideas at Wavefront, and expand your horizons at Onward! This year we have continued making 5 day registrations available, so that you can easily sample all these conferences as well as a variety of workshops and the DLS. This year we are fortunate to have four keynote speakers who span different parts of the SPLASH tradition. Barbara Simons's keynote addresses the timely application area of electronic voting. Jim Coplien's keynote about the Data, Context, and Interaction paradigm will add to the SPLASH tradition of software design as well as offering a new perspective on how to design software for humanity. Rustan Leino's keynote promises to be at the intersection of programming languages and software engineering. Rob Pike's keynote on the Go language will address both programming language design and cutting-edge applications at Google.
The age and provenance of Cambro-Ordovician sedimentary rocks of the Murrawong Creek Formation, southern New England Orogen, Australia

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Serum TGF-β and TNF-α During Psoriasis Therapy with Narrowband Ultraviolet B

Corresponding Author: Ahmad Taha Khalaf, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mosul Medical College, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq Email: ahmadtaha11@yahoo.com Abstract: Although it is now an accepted concept that narrow-band UVB therapy is an efficacious therapy for psoriasis, the relationship between the response rate and the potential effects on serum cytokines is less well-established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the response rate and the changes of serum TGF-β and TNF-α necessary for understanding the underlying mechanisms of narrow-band UVB phototherapy. NB-UVB is effective against psoriasis without any obvious side effects and can significantly decrease serum TNF-α and promote TGF-β level of psoriasis patients. Additionally, measurement of TGF-β and TNF-α in serum could be considered as biomarkers of psoriasis activity during NB-UVB therapy.
1. LATEST QUATERNARY BENTHIC OXYGEN AND CARBON ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY: HOLE 893A, SANTA BARBARA BASIN, CALIFORNIA1

Latest Quaternary oxygen (δ'*O) and carbon (δlλC) isotopic records from benthic foraminifers are presented at relatively high chronologic resolution (-450 to 1000 yr) for Hole 893A, a continuous 200-m sediment sequence from Santa Barbara Basin, Southern California. The oxygen isotope stratigraphy records a continuous ~160-k.y. sequence from isotope Stage 6.4 to the present day, the first of its kind from this region of the Pacific Ocean. The oxygen isotopic record, representing the last two interglacial and glacial cycles, closely resembles the well-dated deep sea reference sequence, and thus provides a detailed chronologic framework. Site 893 has much potential for ultra-high-resolution stable isotopic investigations because of the very high sedimentation rates (reaching -1.6 mm peryr), and greatly reduced bioturbation. Variability of late Quaternary oxygen isotopic change in Hole 893A is distinctly larger during the last glacial episode (-70 to 11 ka), as for the Greenland Ice Sheet, and is considered to reflect significant climatic instability. Unlike the oxygen isotopic record, carbon isotopic values of each of the benthic foraminifers exhibit relatively little consistent change during the latest Quaternary, and the 6I3C record does not resemble the typical records of deep-sea sediments. Instead, the carbon isotopic values are inferred to have been dominated by benthic microenvironments. Offsets in carbon isotopic values between five taxa are maintained throughout the sequence. Uvigerina peregrina curticosta has δl3C values ~2%e higher than Bolivina tumida; the other taxa have intermediate values. Our data suggest that Uvigerina peregrina curticosta lives closer to the sediment/water interface in microenvironments inferred to have higher oxygen and organic carbon concentrations. Bolivina tumida lives deeper in the sediment under lower oxygen concentrations. Carbon isotopic values of Uvigerina are similar in both laminated and nonlaminated sediment intervals that represent dysaerobic/aerobic cycles in Santa Barbara Basin. This suggests that surface sediments of the basin continued to be dominated by local dysaerobic processes, even during glacial maxima when oxygen levels in bottom waters increased sufficiently to support bioturbating organisms.
The Role of Attachment in the Intergenerational Transmission of Abuse: From Childhood Victimization to Adult Re-Victimization and Distress

Research indicates that victims of childhood abuse are at increased risk for transmitting violence in adulthood-a phenomenon known as the intergenerational transmission of abuse (ITA). Adult survivors of childhood victimization (i.e., child abuse or witnessed parental violence) are at increased risk for becoming abusive parents, perpetrators of intimate partner violence, and victims of intimate partner violence. The current study examined the latter form of ITA, in which a survivor of childhood victimization is re-victimized in adulthood by intimate partner violence. Attachment theory has been used to explain the ITA by positing that abuse is transmitted across generations via insecure attachment. The purpose of this study was to use structural equation modeling to test the attachment theory of ITA by examining the role of childhood and adult attachment in predicting re-victimization and symptoms of distress in adulthood. In the hypothesized model, childhood victimization by one's parents was hypothesized to predict adult intimate partner violence victimization through insecure attachment relationships in childhood (with one's parents) and adulthood (with one's partner). Furthermore, adult romantic attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were hypothesized to predict different symptoms of distress. Self-report measures from 59 adult woman seeking services for intimate partner victimization at a domestic violence clinic were analyzed using a partial least squares path analysis. Results supported a reduced model in which insecure attachments in childhood and adulthood significantly predicted the ITA, but only through father-child attachment and not mother-child attachment. In addition, adult romantic attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance predicted different symptoms of distress. Results supported the attachment theory of the ITA and highlighted the importance of examining outcomes of adult attachment anxiety and avoidance separately. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
COMPARISON OF GAGE VS MULTI-SENSOR (RADAR plus GAGE) PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES FOR MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES COUNTIES

An intercomparison of gage and radar-based precipitation estimates was undertaken for the Midwestern United States. Multi-sensor precipitation estimates (MPE) based on the Stage III/IV algorithm developed by the Office of Hydrology / NWS River Forecast Centers, National Weather Service quality-controlled cooperative gage (QC_Coop) data, and gage data from three high density networks in Illinois from February 2002 through August 2005 were examined. Most differences in county-averaged monthly precipitation estimated by QC_Coop and MPE in nine Midwestern states were within +/- 25%, averaging 6%. The difference between gage and MPE monthly values decreased somewhat through the 41month period of study. Data from three regional gage networks indicated that on a daily basis, averaged MPE and gage network data agreed to within about +/- 25%. Daily MPE values were often lower than the gage values for large precipitation amounts. When examining multiple gages within single MPE grid points, it was found that for very low daily precipitation amounts, MPE grid amounts were generally greater than gage, and for high daily precipitation amounts, MPE amounts were lower than gage amounts.
Oregon 2100: projected climatic and ecological changes

Greenhouse climatic warming is underway and exacerbated by human activities. Future outcomes of these processes can be projected using computer models checked against climatic changes during comparable past atmospheric compositions. This study gives concise quantitative predictions for future climate, landscapes, soils, vegetation, and marine and terrestrial animals of Oregon. Fossil fuel burning and other human activities by the year 2100 are projected to yield atmospheric CO2 levels of about 600-850 ppm (SRES A1B and B1), well above current levels of 400 ppm and preindustrial levels of 280 ppm. Such a greenhouse climate was last recorded in Oregon during the middle Miocene, some 16 million years ago. Oregon’s future may be guided by fossil records of the middle Miocene, as well as ongoing studies on the environmental tolerances of Oregon plants and animals, and experiments on the biological effects of global warming. As carbon dioxide levels increase, Oregon’s climate will move toward warm temperate, humid in the west and semiarid to subhumid to the east, with increased summer and winter drought in the west. Western Oregon lowlands will become less suitable for temperate fruits and nuts and Pinot Noir grapes, but its hills will remain a productive softwood forest resource. Improved pasture and winter wheat crops will become more widespread in eastern Oregon. Tsunamis and stronger storms will exacerbate marine erosion along the Oregon Coast, with significant damage to coastal properties and cultural resources.
A statistical relationship between individual heights and periods of storm waves

The goal of this short communication is to present a theoretical joint probability distribution for wave heights and periods developped in 1975 at the Centre 0ceanologique de Bretagne. This research program was proposed and financially supported by the Association de Recherche Action des Elements (group fomed of 9 french companies or government agencies) which also carried out analysis of 200 twenty minute storm wave recordings in the North Sea selected from Waverider data kindly placed at our diaposal by the United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association. [NOT CONTROLLED OCR]
Landscape Expansion Index and Its Applications to Quantitative Analysis of Urban Expansion

Landscape index is an instrument commonly used for quantitative analysis of landscape pattern.However, most of landscape indices are generally focused on simple analysis and description of the geometric features of a landscape patch or pattern, while neglecting information on dynamic changes of landscape pattern.In this paper a new landscape index, i.e., landscape expansion index(LEI), is proposed.In contrast with conventional landscape indices, LEI contains information of the formation processes of landscape pattern, so it can be used to analyze the dynamic changes of two or more temporal phases of landscape pattern, since conventional landscape indices only reflect information for one certain temporal phase of landscape pattern.Landscape expansion index was applied to studies on the urban landscape expansion of Dongguan City, Guangdong, China for the period of 1988-2006, and the results indicate that LEI can perfectly identify the three types of urban expansion, i.e., infilling type, edge-expansion type and outlying type.Additionally, based on an analysis of the LEI changes in the urban expansion processes of Dongguan City, it was found that the rule governing urban expansion of Dongguan City is consistent with the phases theory on urban growth.This study further demonstrates that LEI can be used effectively for a quantitative analysis of the dynamic changes of landscape pattern, and LEI proves to be significant to the studies on landscape pattern and its dynamic changes.
Natural runoff change characteristics and flood/drought disasters in Poyang Lake catchment basin

In order to better understand the variations of surface runoff and the relationship between runoff and flood/drought in Poyang Lake catchment basin,time series analysis was performed for eight stream flow gauging stations located at five main rivers in the catchment basin.The results show that,the distribution of annual runoff is uneven with a moderate annual concentration between 0.43 and 0.56,and concentration period is between the end of May and the early of June,which is one or two months before the flood period of Poyang Lake.There is great variation of yearly surface runoff,with variation coefficient ranging from 0.28 to 0.33. The long-term annual runoff sequences in main rivers demonstrate a constant increase trend,especially after 1990s,when the increase trend is more obvious.Frequency of enormously wet and dry year is relatively high in that area,but low for normal hydrological year,which implies that Poyang Lake catchment basin is more frequent to encounter drought and flood disasters.The study of this paper indicate that the flood of Poyang Lake is mostly influenced by the recharge from the five river subcatchment at flood season,but controlled by the flood from the upper and middle reaches of Yangtze River.The long-term trend of stream runoff is controlled by the variation of climate changes,and impacted by human activities in the catchment basin.Circulation of wet and dry years gives a clear illustration of the drought and flood events in the last five decades of 20th century.
The Advances and Discussions on China Operational Typhoon Forecasting

With continuous progresses and improvements in NWP and integrated observation systems,China operational tropical cyclone forecasting has made considerable progresses since the nineties of last century. Operational tropical cyclone track forecasting especially has made a significant level of progress and reached the international advanced level.By reviewing and analyzing the current situation of national and international operational tropical cyclone forecasting,the main problems,operational forecasting difficulties and urgent scientific issues to be solved in current China operational typhoon forecasting are analyzed. Then an overview on the challenge of China operational typhoon forecasting under the global climate change and the growing demand in national disaster prevention and preparedness is made,some considerations about the development of China operational typhoon forecasting in the future are given,and finally some measures for improving China operational typhoon forecasting are proposed.