Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolation, culture, and detection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

This chapter summarizes methods to (i) isolate and estimate numbers of soilborne propagules of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, (ii) propagate AM fungi by traditional and innovative methods, and (iii) detect and assess properties of these fungi by using recent biochemical and molecular technology. Soilborne propagules of AM fungi may include chlamydospores or azygospores, colonized roots, and hyphae. Isolates of special interest should be given a unique isolate code and then classified to the species level at a later date. To observe AM structures within the root, it is necessary to clear cortical cells of cytoplasm and phenolic compounds and then to differentially stain the fungal tissue. The most commonly used methods to obtain an estimate of the total number of propagules are the most probable number (MPN) and infectivity assays. The culture of AM fungi on plants in disinfested soil, using spores, roots, or infested soil as inocula, has been the most frequently used technique for increasing propagule numbers. Conducive environmental conditions for cultures of AM fungi are a balance of high light intensity, adequate moisture, and moderate soil temperature without detrimental additions of fertilizers or pesticides. Biochemical methods have been used to improve the means of detection and quantification of AM fungi in the environment. Although current molecular methods improve our ability to detect AM fungi in the field, monitoring of the abundance and distribution of individual fungal species remains laborious and expensive.
Losing anti-predatory behaviour: A cost of translocation

Translocation of endangered species to habitats where exotic predators have been removed is now a common conservation practice around the world. Many of these translocated populations have thrived, and they are often used as sources for the harvesting of individuals for translocations to sites where exotic predators still exist, albeit at reduced densities. This study investigates how isolation from exotic predators affects the ability of individuals to recognize such predators using the North Island robin (Petroica longipes) as a model. The study was carried out in three robin populations in the North Island, New Zealand: a translocated population on Tiritiri Matangi Island, where exotic mammalian predators are absent; a population reintroduced from Tiritiri Matangi Island to Wenderholm Regional Park, a mainland site where these mammals are controlled to low densities; and a mainland population at Benneydale where exotic predatory mammals are common. The response intensity of robins to a model stoat was high at Benneydale and low at Tiritiri Matangi and Wenderholm. This result indicates that isolation from mammalian predators on Tiritiri Matangi has suppressed the ability of North Island robins to recognize these predators. It is possible that the low predatory mammal densities at Wenderholm have reduced robin contact with stoats, therefore reduced the opportunity for robins to learn to recognize stoats. Thus, translocation of individuals from populations without predators to places where key predators still exist could be unsuccessful if translocated individuals fail to perform appropriate anti-predator behaviours.
Introduction to Multicultural and Cross-Cultural Consultation in Schools: Cultural Diversity Issues in School Consultation

Abstract This article provides an introduction to the mini-series theme, Multicultural and Cross-Cultural Consultation in Schools: Cultural Diversity Issues in School Consultation. It discusses the context, goals, and key topics for the mini-series and offers a brief introduction to each article. The mini-series provides readers with scholarly material focusing upon several aspects of cross-cultural and multicultural consultation by including a diverse group of experienced authors from several regions of the country and from the fields of school psychology and special education. The mini-series is organized into seven featured articles and two featured commentaries. Featured articles provide scholarly content and depth on specific topics, most of which are empirically based. Featured commentaries offer shorter pieces that address multicultural consultation issues, based upon the unique vantage points of the authors.
Inhibition of vegetative growth in red apple cultivars using prohexadione-calcium

Summary Prohexadione-Ca (ProCa) has been evaluated as a growth inhibitor in the vigorous red apple cultivars ‘Fuji’ and ‘Royal Gala’. Greatest inhibition of shoot growth was obtained when ProCa was first sprayed at about 200 mg l–1 from full bloom (FB) up to 12 d after full bloom (DAFB). Shoot regrowth often occured later in the growing season, and a second application of ProCa was then needed to maintain growth inhibition. Inhibition of shoot growth was due mainly to a reduction in internode length. No effects on yield have been found, except for cv. ‘Royal Gala’, where an increase in crop-load and a decrease in fruit size were recorded. Fruit quality parameters were not affected; but, in cv. ‘Fuji’, the red colouration of fruit was promoted by ProCa, particularly when repeated sprays of the chemical (at 125 or 250 mg l–1) were made. Changes in hue, chroma and lightness were recorded on both the blushed and shaded sides of fruit. No effects on fruit colour were seen in ProCa-treated cv. ‘Royal Gala’ trees.
Biology of Helopeltis theivora (Heteroptera: Miridae) on tea (Camellia sinensis) in the sub Himalayan region.

Tea (Camellia sinensis L. O’ Kuntze) as a plantation crop was introduced in Darjeeling hills in 1852, but with time, it has spread over vast stretches of the sub Himalayan foothills and the adjoining regions of North Bengal. While quality clones of Chinary and Assam types are grown more in higher elevations, more of highyielding tea clones with Assam and Cambode blood are planted in lower slops that continue to the Terai plains of the river basins.
Larger benthic foraminifera and their distribution patterns on the Spermonde shelf, South Sulawesi

A systematic description of the distributional pattern of 20 species of larger benthic foraminifera on the Spermonde Archipelago and their relation with environmental parameters is presented. Around 13 islands transects at the exposed and leeward slope were sampled. Apart from parameters like substrate type, hydrodynamic energy and light intensity (directly related to depth) also nutrient availability and environmental stabiltity determine the distribution over the shelf. Some of the species, and especially the calcarinids, are less specialised to some of these parameters than in other areas. Elphidium craticulatum, showing chloroplast husbandry, is an important fauna component.
CryptoNets: Applying Neural Networks to Encrypted Data with High Throughput and Accuracy

Applying machine learning to a problem which involves medical, financial, or other types of sensitive data, not only requires accurate predictions but also careful attention to maintaining data privacy and security. Legal and ethical requirements may prevent the use of cloud-based machine learning solutions for such tasks. In this work, we will present a method to convert learned neural networks to CryptoNets, neural networks that can be applied to encrypted data. This allows a data owner to send their data in an encrypted form to a cloud service that hosts the network. The encryption ensures that the data remains confidential since the cloud does not have access to the keys needed to decrypt it. Nevertheless, we will show that the cloud service is capable of applying the neural network to the encrypted data to make encrypted predictions, and also return them in encrypted form. These encrypted predictions can be sent back to the owner of the secret key who can decrypt them. Therefore, the cloud service does not gain any information about the raw data nor about the prediction it made. We demonstrate CryptoNets on the MNIST optical character recognition tasks. CryptoNets achieve 99% accuracy and can make around 59000 predictions per hour on a single PC. Therefore, they allow high throughput, accurate, and private predictions.
Fluorescent Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer

ratios (Arista et al., 1994; Franciosi et al., 2002). In different pathologies (including these and other types of cancers), membrane damage in immune cells (and other cell types) often evolves as a consequence of alterations that are induced in cell-associated lipids and proteins in the affected patients (Gryzunov and Dobretsov, 1994, 1998; Rolinsky et al., 2007). It is now widely accepted that the dynamics (actual rate of occurrence - not only incidence) of these changes, along with the types of alterations in structure(s) of the immune system cells’ lipids/proteins themselves, play a critical role in the maintenance of the immune status of any given organism (Lakowicz, 2000). As a result of the potential importance of changes in the structural integrity of cells of the immune system, it is important for clinicians to receive information on the biophysical status of these cells via quick, reliable, reproducible methods. In this regard, fluorescent probes have shown to be excellent tools for use in such protocols (Lakowicz, 2000, 2006). The work reported here, which built upon earlier findings reported by our laboratories, investigated the possibility of using the fluorescent probe ABM (an amine derivative of benzanthrone) for the detection of structural/functional alterations in blood plasma albumin and among immunocompetent cells in patients with select types of pathologies, i.e,. cancers. Such an analysis has a great potential for use not only for helping to comprehend mechanisms of immunomodulation associated with the induction/progression of malignancies, but might also have the potential to serve as a very important prognostic indicator of long-term survival among patients with such pathologies. In the work reported here, ABM fluorescence intensity in blood plasma and following combination with cell suspensions from colorectal cancer patients was examined in the context of the host’s immunological parameters and state of cancer progression. For study patients with colorectal cancer were examined: 1) 1 day before and 10 days after their surgical treatment (Stages II-III) (Kalnina et al., 2009); 2) as disease worsened (Stages IIa, IIIb, IV) (Kalnina et al., 2010b); 3) advanced cancer patients, they were divided into two groups in accordance of its survival rate (0-6 months and > 24 months) (Kalnina et al., 2011). Apart from the aforementioned potential benefits from these types of studies to clinicians in general, this type of research is very important in Latvia itself. This is because, in the context
Green Marketing and Green Product Perception among the Consumers in Turkey

This article aims to give an overview of new, hot trending issue “Green Marketing”. This is an explanatory study which seeks to analyze the green marketing concept, to explore its scopes of application, and application ranges. In this study, various academic researches are reviewed and various approaches to the green marketing concept are analyzed. Basically, green marketing as a term, evolution of green marketing, its concept, green marketing issues, “green” marketing concept, differences between “green” marketers and “traditional” marketers, today’s green marketing and sustainability issues will be found in the article. Also a questionnaire is conducted with the participation of 748 subjects. The survey is conducted face to face.
Yield and characteristics of the components non-carcass sheep fed with rations based on sugar-cane plus urea.

Parte da Dissertação de Mestrado do primeiro autor. Mestre em Produção Animal, UFRPE, Departamento de Zootecnia, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Doutor em Nutrição Anima l, UFRPE, Departamento de Zootecnia, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. PhD em Nutrição Anima l, UFRPE, Departamento de Zootecnia, Recife, Pernamb uco, Brasil. Mestre em Produção Animal, UFRPB/CCA, Departamento de Zootecnia, Areia , Paraíba, Brasil. Zootecnista, UFRPE, Departamento de Zootecnia, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. *Endereço para correspondência: rinaldosmjunior@hotmail.com
Fotoperiodismo e quebra de dormência em sementes de acácia- negra ( Acacia mearnsii De Wild.).

Acacia mearnsii De Wild is an economically and socially important species for the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The seedlings of that specie are producted with seeds, which have a hard seed- coast. The effect of different methods to overcome dormancy, and the best photoperiod for the germination of the seeds were determined. Usually the hot water immersion is used to overcome dormancy of black wattle seeds. However, the storage of the seeds is compromise due to the slow drying process wherever the air moisture is high. The scarification of the seeds and the hot water were compared. Also, four photoperiods were tested: 16 hours under fluorescent lighting, 12 hours under fluorescent lighting, 24 hours under fluorescent lighting , and 24 hours in the dark. The seeds were placed in plastic germination boxes, with sterile vermiculite, and were incubated at 25°C. The germination was evaluated 7, 14 and 21 days after seeding. The hot water with temperature de 80°C was 15% superior to the scarification method. Germination was higher when the seeds were incubated under 12 hours of fluorescent lighting.
Weed and arthropod communities in soyabean as related to crop productivity and land use in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina

dela Fuente EB, Perelman S & Ghersa CM (2010). Weed and arthropod communities in soyabean as related to crop productivity and land use in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina. Weed Research 50, 561–571. Summary In the Rolling Pampa, Argentina, changes in crop management caused changes in weed and arthropod communities and reductions in weed diversity in soyabean. Loss of landscape heterogeneity, caused by an increase in the area planted to soyabean, and herbicide treatment of field margins, may affect weed and arthropod assemblages and reduce species richness. This study focused on the effect of land use in neighbouring fields, weed management of field margins and crop productivity and history on weed and arthropod communities and their richness inside soyabean fields. Weeds and arthropods were surveyed in a total of 60 soyabean fields in 1999, 2001 and 2002. Neighbouring land use was determined in concentric circles of 500 and 1500 m radius around each field using LANDSAT images, and field margin management (sprayed or non-sprayed) was recorded. Data was analysed using regression and canonical correspondence analysis. Cropping history (number of years of cropping) and percentage of soyabean in concentric circles of 1500 m explained 23% of the variation in weed assemblages, whereas management of field margins and soyabean productivity (mean summer Normalised Difference Vegetation Index) explained 23% of the variation in arthropod assemblages. Perennial, dicotyledon and exotic weed richness and non-herbivore arthropod richness decreased with increasing percentage of soyabean in the surrounding landscape. Results show that weed and arthropod communities respond to different production and landscape variables and that increasing the area planted to soyabean and spraying field margins will put weed and arthropod species and functional groups at risk of extinction.
Bracken: an increasing problem and a threat to health

In the United Kingdom, for every two hectares of farming land lost each year to urban development and forestry, half to one hectare may be lost to bracken. At a wider-ranging level of assessment bracken is found in every continent of the world including Antarctica, and is already rapidly colonizing recently deforested areas of Brazil. Not only is it in direct competition with food and grazing plants, but it poses a serious threat to the health of animals and man.
Effects of feeding mycotoxin binder (HSCAS) at later ages on gastrointestinal environment and metabolism in broilers.

To determine the effects of Hydrated Sodium Calcium Alimunosilicate (HSCAS), a toxin binder, on performance, internal organ weights, pHs of gastrointestinal tract, and some blood parameters two-weeks of feeding trial was conducted on broilers before slaughter. A total of 108, 28 days old Ross 308® broilers were utilized in the study. HSCAS addition to the broiler diets did not have any effect on LWG and FCR. Broilers in 2.5 g/kg supplemented group consumed significantly higher feed than those in other two groups (P < 0.05). Gizzard weight in broilers in 2.5 g/kg HSCAS supplemented group were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those in no-HSCAS group. In addition, the pancreas weight in 2.5 g/kg supplemented group tended to be lower than those in other two groups (P < 0.10). HSCAS addition significantly increased pH in crop (P < 0.05). Serum creatinine, protein kinase and aspartate amino transferase enzyme levels were significantly different among the groups (P < 0.05). Addition of pure HSCAS to diet may modify performance, internal organ weights, gastrointestinal and biochemical parameters to some degree.
Effect of papain-hydrolysed casein peptides on the fermentation kinetics, microbiological survival and physicochemical properties of yoghurt

Summary The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different molecular mass papain-hydrolysed casein peptides (PCP) on the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in 1:1 ratio) and on the fermentation kinetics, microbiological survival and physicochemical properties in yoghurt. The fraction of PCP4 (<3 kDa) exhibited the highest growth-promoting activity on the strains. The value of TpH4.5 (time necessary to reach pH 4.5) of yoghurt fortified with PCP4 reduced from 5.21 to 4.29 h, and the total counts of LAB present in the final products increased from 8.29 to 8.42 log CFU mL−1 with the addition of PCP4 at nitrogen replaced ratio of 3% (w/w). Moreover, the yoghurt exhibited lower postacidification power, higher viscosity and sensory evaluation scores than did the control product during storage period.
Performance of exotic x indigenous crosses for combining ability over environments in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). IV. capsule size and capsule number

Combining ability worked out from 5 x 10 (line x tester) data revealed that nonadditive gene action was more important than additive gene action for capsule numberand capsule size. Year effects were pronounced for both characters. Magnitude of variance for gca X year interaction was much less than the corresponding magnitude of sca x year interaction for capsule number. For capsule size, sca x year interaction variance was of less magnitude than the gca x year interaction variance. Crosses EC 11552 x KP and EC 11571 x Hariana for capsule number, and EC 11540 x DCG and EC 11556 x KD for capsule size were the best specific combinations. Single plant selection after inter-se mating in segregating generations would be the best way to improve these traits. Pedigree method would be a better approach in the cross EC 11548 x DCG for capsule size where additive gene effects were more important.
PENGARUH JENIS BAHAN PENGEMAS DAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP KADAR VITAMIN C DAN SUSUT BERAT CABAI RAWIT (Capsicum frutescens L.)

interactions on levels of vitamin C and weight loss of chili (Capsicum frutescens L.), which is performed at the Laboratory of Biology Education and the Laboratory of Soil Science FKIP Faperta UR on November-December 2011. The research design was randomized block design (RGD) factorial with two factors: package varians and time of storage. The package varians consist of plastic, newsprint, and banana leaves, and the time of storage consist of 0 day (control), 3 days, 6 days and 9 days with three replications. The parameters in this reseach are vitamin C levels, weight loss, color and texture of chili. The levels of vitamin C and weight loss were analyzed by ANAVA and then tested by DMRT 5% level, while the observation of color and texture were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the interaction of a banana leaf package varians and storage of 3 days have the highest levels of vitamin C is 55,17 mg and the interaction of a newsprint package varians and storage of 9 days showed the highest weight loss is 26,32%. Banana leaves package varians have the highest levels of vitamin C 51,16 mg and the lowest weight loss is 5,95%. 3 days storage time have the highest levels of vitamin C 53,12 mg and the lowest weight loss is 7,84%. The conclusion is the interaction of banana leaf package varians and 3 days time storage gives the best quality of color and texture compared to other treatment interactions. Banana leaves are good for package chili. The increasing of time storage will increase the weight loss, decrease the vitamin C level and the color and texture quality of chili. Keywords : Chili, Levels of vitamin C, Package varians, Time of storage, Weight loss
Isolation and phylogenetic identification of halotolerant/halophilic bacteria from the salt mines of Karak, Pakistan.

Extreme environments like salt mines are inhabited by a variety of bacteria that are well-adapted to such environments. The bacterial populations provide economic benefits in terms of enzymes synthesis. The salt mines of Karak region in Pakistan are extremely saline and the microbial communities found here have not yet been explored. In the present study, 57 halotolerant/halophilic bacterial strains were isolated from the salt mines of Karak. These strains were grown in media with 0-35% NaCl concentration. The morphological and physiological characteristics of the isolated strains were studied to optimize the growth conditions and to classify the isolated bacterial strains into slightly halotolerant/halophilic, moderately halophilic and extreme halophilic. The phylogenetic analyses inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolated strains demonstrated that the major population were closely related to species belonging to Planococcus, Jeotgalicoccus, Staphylococcus, Halobacillus, Halomonas, Brevibacterium, Gracilibacillus, Kocuria, Salinivibrio, Salinicoccus, Oceanobacillus and Bacillus genera. Results showed that the salt mines of Karak region are rich in halotolerant/halophilic bacterial population with diverse bacterial communities, which may be utilized in various industrial applications after proper screening and identification.
Determinação de coliformes na água e no tecido mole das ostras extraídas em Cananéia, São Paulo, Brasil

This study sought to evaluate the microbiological quality of water from the various locations where specimens of the oysters Crassostrea sp. were harvested in Cananeia estuary, as well as of the bivalve itself, through values of coliforms based on the Multiple Tube Technique. During the period from 2005 to 2011, samples of water were collected at ten points. The water analysis presented a geometric mean of thermotolerant coliforms of 24.67 MPN 100 mL-1and, in the soft tissues of the oysters, of 15.53 MPN g-1. There was a significant difference between the locations analyzed as to the density of total and thermotolerant coliforms in water. After analysis of the variations of bacterial counting with regard to seasonal mean, autumn presented the highest mean numbers of coliforms in oysters, and most data were collected in April. There was a positive correlation between the coliforms found in water and those in the oyster.