Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Earning Management Actions and Conditional Revenue as Managerial Efforts to Maintain Bond Rating

The purpose of this study is examine the analysis of factors affecting Bonds rating of non-financial companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2012-2016. Sample was selected using purposive sampling method amounted to 30 companies. Data processing techniques using multiple regression analysis what helped by SPSS program. The result of this study shows that partially company’s size, company’s growth, and auditor size have significant influence on bonds rating, while the earnings management have no significant effect on bonds rating. This result supports the Heintz (2017) study that management will think twice about earnings management when rating bonds. This is based on the principle of transparency in corporate governance that the actual company's performance will better reflect the company's position as a good bond issuer. However, this study shows that company’s size, company’s growth, and auditor size have a significant effect on bonds rating respectively. This result proves once again that in determining the bond rating, the factor of firm size, growth and auditor size are very important factors in bond rating. Without having to do earnings management then if the company has good size, growth and auditors size related then it will also be good to bond ratings according to the criteria of these rating providers.
Volunteering: A Study of Psychological Attribute Related to Indonesian Emerging Adult Volunteer Motivation

Numerous problems in Indonesia, ranging from poverty to natural disasters, require that all parties participate in solving the problems. For this reason, volunteering can be the human resource that helps to solve these problems. This idea is also supported by data showing that younger Indonesians also like to volunteer. This study aimed to determine the relationship between volunteer motivation dimensions with psychological attributes, such as personality traits, happiness, interpersonal trust, narcissistic personality, self-efficacy, purpose in life, and psychological distress on volunteers aged 18–29 years old (emerging adults). The motivation to volunteer was the main variable and had six dimensions, namely values, social, career, knowledge, understanding, and enhancement motives. This correlational study had 1712 respondents. All the measuring instruments were already adapted to Bahasa Indonesia. The results showed all the variables of psychological attributes have a significant relationship with one or more motivations to volunteer. Key w ords Volunteering motivation, Happiness, Purpose of life, Personality, Emerging adults
Evaluation of Fascioliasis, Hydatidosis, and Tuberculosis in Domestic Animals during Post-Mortem Inspection at Jijel Slaughterhouse (Algeria)

Background: Some animal infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, hydatidosis, and fascioliasis cause public health concerns and also significant economic losses. The goal of this study was to assess the rate of fascioliasis, hydatidosis, and tuberculosis in domestic animals during post-mortem inspection at Jijel slaughterhouse, North-Eastern Algeria. Methods: The present study was carried out from March 2017 to February 2018, on 6 520 animals slaughtered at Jijel slaughterhouse. It was based on post-mortem inspection of livers and lungs by visual inspection, palpation, and incision. The statistical analysis was performed using open source software R 2017 and Microsoft Office Excel software. Results: The prevalence rate of fascioliasis (6.9%) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of hydatidosis (4.8%) and tuberculosis (1.0%). Regarding all three studied diseases in the slathered animal, the prevalence rate of the diseases in cattle was significantly higher than one in sheep and goats. Three peaks in the rate of studied diseases were recorded during March to May 2017, which corresponds to spring. Conclusion: Considerable prevalence rate of fascioliasis, tuberculosis, and hydatidosis in domestic animals slaughtered at the Jijel slaughterhouse seems to be an important indicator of lack of inspection, preventive, and curative treatments of animals in this region. © 2020, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Occurrence of Arcellidae (Amorphea, Arcellinida) in a coastal stream in the State of Rio de Janeiro

The aim of this study was to elaborate a taxonomic survey on the testate amoebae of the Family Arcellidae in coastal streams in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Six samplings were conducted in Ubatiba coastal stream (Maricá, RJ). In total, 130 liters water were filtered through a conical net of 60-μm mesh and preserved in 4% formalin. Organisms were identified with the aid of an inverted trinocular microscope. The morphological characteristics (lobose testate amoebae with shell composed of granular chitinoid elements) of each species were recorded. The species were described and illustrated. For the verification of new taxa records of Arcellidae in Rio de Janeiro and their distribution in Brazil, a search based on index articles by Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar using the keywords "tecamebas", "testate amoebae", "Arcella", "Arcellidae", "Brazil" and "Rio de Janeiro", was performed. Eight Arcellidae species were recorded. Some ecological and taxonomic information was provided. Due to the small amount of information on testate amoebae, this study is important because it reduces the knowledge gap regarding this community in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Furthermore, we suggest new studies on species identification to be conducted to expand regional knowledge about these organisms.
Addressing Student Diversity in Science Classroom: Exploring Topic-Specific Personal Pedagogical Content Knowledge of High School Teachers

The student diversity in today’s science classrooms presents challenges as well as learning opportunitiesfor students and teachers. This research examines topic-specific personal pedagogical content knowledge (pPCK)of high school teachers as it relates to addressing student diversity in their science classrooms. A narrative inquiryapproach was adopted to study four science teachers’ experiences of teaching science, considering teachers’ pPCKas an accumulation of experience. Narrative data was collected through interview conversations with these teachersabout their experiences of conceptualizing and teaching force and motion topics to diverse groups of students intheir science classrooms. The focus of these conversations was the day-to-day practice of participant teachers aboutmaking force and motion topics accessible to diverse learners. Using pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) as aconceptual framework, the narrative data were analyzed to explore how these teachers negotiated their contentknowledge and knowledge of student diversity in shaping their professional knowledge of science teaching. Thefindings revealed that topic-specific pPCK of partcipant teachers was sourced in student diversity present in theirscience classroom, and its development underpins various processes to connect different types of knowledge. Thisresearch suggests considering teachers’ knowledge of student diversity and how this impacts their planning andteaching of specific science content as an aspect of their topic-sepcific pPCK. Implications for science teachereducation are included.
NEUROSCIENCE FOREFRONT REVIEW THE CIRCADIAN SYSTEM: PLASTICITY AT MANY LEVELS

Abstract—Over the years it has become crystal clear that avariety of processes encode time-of-day information, rang-ing from gene expression, protein stability, or subcellularlocalization of key proteins, to the ﬁne tuning of networkproperties and modulation of input signals, ultimatelyensuring that physiology and behavior are properly syn-chronized to a changing environment. The purpose of thisreview is to put forward examples (as opposed to generatea comprehensive revision of all the available literature) inwhich the circadian system displays a remarkable degreeof plasticity, from cell autonomous to circuit-based levels.In the literature, the term circadian plasticity has been usedto refer to diﬀerent concepts. The obvious one, more liter-ally, refers to any change that follows a circadian (circa =-around, diem = day) pattern, i.e. a daily change of a givenparameter. The discovery of daily remodeling of neuronalstructures will be referred herein as structural circadianplasticity, and represents an additional and novel phenome-non modiﬁed daily. Finally, any plasticity that has to do witha circadian parameter would represent a type of circadianplasticity; as an example, adjustments that allow organismsto adapt their daily behavior to the annual changes in photo-period is a form of circadian plasticity at a higher organiza-tional level, which is an emergent property of the wholecircadian system. Throughout this work we will revisit thesetypes of changes by reviewing recent literature delvingaround circadian control of clock outputs, from the mostimmediate ones within pacemaker neurons to the circadianmodulation of rest–activity cycles. 2013 IBRO. Publishedby Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Key words: circadian plasticity, circadian network, PDF, str-uctural plasticity, clock neurons, rhythmic behavior.ContentsCircadian circuits 00Electrical activity of clock neurons 00Information processing by sLNvs 00Circadian modulation of structural plasticity 00Circadian plasticity at its best: when environment alters hierar-chy between oscillators 00Many roles for a tiny neuropeptide 00Concluding remarks 00Acknowledgements 00References 00
Flow Stability, Convective Heat Transfer and Chemical Reactions in Ammonothermal Autoclaves—Insights by In Situ Measurements of Fluid Temperatures

A variety of functional nitride materials, including the important wide bandgap semiconductor GaN, can be crystallized in exceptionally good structural quality by the ammonothermal method. However, the further development of this method is hindered by a lack of access to internal process parameters including fluid temperatures, flow stability and reaction kinetics. Internal temperature measurements are thus introduced as a tool for in situ monitoring of fluid flow stability in ammonothermal reactors as well as chemical reactions associated with enthalpy changes. The temperature change of an internal thermocouple is studied numerically in order to estimate possible errors due to heat conduction along thermocouples as well as due to their heat capacity. Results from otherwise identical experiments conducted with air at ambient pressure and ammonothermal reaction medium, respectively, are compared. The comparison indicates that internal temperature distributions during ammonothermal growth of GaN cannot be determined by measurements using ambient pressure air instead of supercritical ammonia. Even an approximate determination is not feasible, given that the internal temperature gradients differ by a factor of seven, and that the Grashof- and Rayleigh numbers differ by approximately four orders of magnitude. Most importantly, convective heat transfer by supercritical ammonia is found to greatly influence the temperature distribution inside the reaction chamber and its walls, suggesting that it probably needs to be taken into account in numerical simulations of the global thermal field of ammonothermal reactors.
A finite element based simulation framework for robotic grasp analysis

The commonly used grasp simulators such as GraspIt! and OpenRAVE use wrench space formulations and grasp quality metrics such as ϵ and v to identify stable grasps in dynamic conditions. However, wrench space formulations are derived based on static mechanical equilibrium equations, and the physical attributes of the object such as stiffness and mass are also not considered for grasp analysis. Above all, these grasp analysis frameworks cannot be experimentally validated, thereby resulting in grasps that are not reliable. In this paper, an experimentally validatable Finite Element (FE) based grasp analysis framework is proposed for evaluation of robotic grasps in dynamic conditions. By applying standard solutions of Hertzian contact theory to a few robotic grasps, Finite Element Method (FEM) is validated. A real-world grasp situation is then simulated using FEM, and the FE model is validated based on the contact area measured in real-time using a pressure sensor. By applying dynamic perturbations to the validated FE model, the stability of the grasp is evaluated, and the most stable grasp is identified using the contact area based metric, π. It is observed that FE simulations agree with the analytical solutions and experimental results, with a relative error of not more than 7%.
A hybrid model for financial time‐series forecasting based on mixed methodologies

This paper proposes a hybrid model that combines ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), and Taylor expansion using a tracking differentiator to forecast financial time series. Specifically, the financial time series is decomposed by EEMD into some subseries. Then, the linear portion of each subseries is forecasted by the linear ARIMA model, while the nonlinear portion is predicted by the nonlinear Taylor expansion model. The forecasting results of the linear and nonlinear models are combined into the predicted result of each subseries. The final prediction result is obtained by combining the prediction values of all the subseries. The empirical results with real financial time series data demonstrate that this new hybrid approach outperforms the benchmark hybrid models considered in this paper.
The Determinants of Citizens’ Satisfaction of E-Government: An Empirical Study in Vietnam

This research aims to identify the determinants of e-government satisfaction in Hanoi, Vietnam, and assess their impact. To collect data, we conducted an online questionnaire with citizens living in Hanoi in a time span of five weeks. We received 1,107 responses, divided into three groups: unaware, known, but not used
Characterization of Staphylococcal Superantigen-Like Protein 10 (SSL10)

Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile human pathogen that has a remarkable ability to subvert host immune defences. This thesis investigates SSL10, a member of the staphylococcal superantigen-like protein (SSL) family. SSL10 was previously reported to interact with multiple aspects of the human immune system, including IgG, the complement system and the coagulation system, and thus is potentially important in S. aureus immune evasion. SSL10 binds IgG through its β-grasp domain via an interface formed by β10, β11 and the loop in between the two strands, with residues F166, N168 and Y179 making the crucial contributions (Fig 3.11). Combined mutation of F166/N168/Y179 (SSL10-FNY) disabled the protein binding to IgG. Functional analysis of SSL10-FNY confirmed that the binding of SSL10 to IgG directly interferes with the association of C1q and FcγR to the immunoglobulin, and thus inhibits the two major effector functions of IgG-mediated defence. SSL10-FNY retains the ability to inhibit complement and delay coagulation, indicating that IgG interaction and interference of the complement and coagulation cascades are distinct components of SSL10’s immune suppression. In addition to C1q, SSL10 further modulates the complement cascade by preventing the cleavage of C5 and reduces the production of C5a. The inter-domain interface and structural packing of SSL10 are important for this interaction, as mutations of a few inter-domain residues altered the complement inhibition profiles. SSL10 promoted the survival of S. aureus in human whole blood. The effect was related to the S. aureus induced coagulation. SSL10 did not induce coagulation itself, but accelerated plasma clotting in the presence of S. aureus. This property was not dependent on IgG binding although IgG interaction contributed substantially to the survival advantage provided by SSL10. Thus the distinct interactions of SSL10 with the immune system co-operate to enhance bacterial survival. SSL10 contributes to the synergistic actions of Staphylococcal virulence factors to maximize bacterial survival.
¿Puede el optimismo mediar el efecto negativo de la ansiedad rasgo sobre el bienestar psicológico?

The objective of the study was to evaluate the mediating effect of optimism in the anxiety-trait relationship and psychological well-being in higher education students. The sample consisted of 332 students of higher education in Antofagasta, Chile, with an average age of 21.8 years. It is found that the negative effect of anxiety-trait on the dimensions of psychological well-being diminishes when incorporating optimism in the regression. It is concluded that optimism has a partial mediating effect on the dimensions of psychological well-being, except in personal growth, where it exercises total mediation.
Assessing trait‐based scaling theory in tropical forests spanning a broad temperature gradient

Aim Tropical elevation gradients are natural laboratories to assess how changing climate can influence tropical forests. However, there is a need for theory and integrated data collection to scale from traits to ecosystems. We assess predictions of a novel trait-based scaling theory, including whether observed shifts in forest traits across a broad tropical temperature gradient are consistent with local phenotypic optima and adaptive compensation for temperature. Location An elevation gradient spanning 3,300 m and consisting of thousands of tropical tree trait measures taken from 16 1-ha tropical forest plots in southern Peru, where gross and net primary productivity (GPP and NPP) were measured. Time period April to November 2013. Major taxa studied Plants; tropical trees. Methods We developed theory to scale from traits to communities and ecosystems and tested several predictions. We assessed the covariation between climate, traits, biomass and GPP and NPP. We measured multiple traits linked to variation in tree growth and assessed their frequency distributions within and across the elevation gradient. We paired these trait measures across individuals within 16 forests with simultaneous measures of ecosystem net and gross primary productivity. Results Consistent with theory, variation in forest NPP and GPP primarily scaled with forest biomass, but the secondary effect of temperature on productivity was much less than expected. This weak temperature dependence appears to reflect directional shifts in several mean community traits that underlie tree growth with decreases in site temperature. Main conclusions The observed shift in traits of trees that dominate in more cold environments is consistent with an ‘adaptive/acclimatory’ compensation for the kinetic effects of temperature on leaf photosynthesis and tree growth. Forest trait distributions across the gradient showed overly peaked and skewed distributions, consistent with the importance of local filtering of optimal growth traits and recent shifts in species composition and dominance attributable to warming from climate change. Trait-based scaling theory provides a basis to predict how shifts in climate have and will influence the trait composition and ecosystem functioning of tropical forests.
Water weaponization in the Syrian conflict: strategies of domination and cooperation

How do actors weaponize water in intrastate conflicts? Existing typologies of water weaponization make deterministic differentiations between state and non-state actors and invoke opaque labels like ‘terrorism’. Furthermore, these typologies ignore how various actors engaged in violent conflict also cooperate over water, and whether water weaponization occurs beyond war. I propose a new typology for water weaponization in an analysis of the case of Syria, drawing on the leaked ‘ISIS papers’ as well as primary sources and interviews. The study begins by charting how the Ba'athist regime used water as a weapon of domination and legitimacy against its Kurdish population with infrastructure that would later facilitate the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria's (ISIS) ability to take hold of northeast Syria. I then turn to how non-state armed groups like ISIS and the Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD) have adopted strategies of water weaponization similar to the Syrian government by targeting and channelling water systems with major tactical implications. Finally, I show how enemy parties such as ISIS and the al-Assad regime weaponized cooperative water agreements to advance their mutual interests with violent implications for civilians. As such, I sort strategies of water weaponization into four categories: domination and legitimacy, military tools, military targets, and cooperation. In doing so, this new typology makes three main contributions, by: 1) accounting for how water is weaponized in state-society relations outside conflict; 2) refining existing definitions of water as a military tool and target; and 3) appraising the weapon-like effects of water cooperation.
TOEIC Listening and Reading Test and Overall English Ability

The Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) covers the four skill areas of listening, reading, speaking, and writing. This study investigates the correlations between the four skill scores of the TOEIC to determine the practicality of using the listening and reading scores to gauge overall English ability. The study was conducted over a 3-year period, during which data were collected from 260 university students. The four skill scores were significantly correlated with each other, with the highest correlation between the listening and reading scores (r = .73), and the lowest between the listening and writing scores (r = .52). The combined listening and reading scores were strongly correlated to the overall scores (r = .95), which suggests that the TOEIC Listening and Reading test scores can be a good proxy for overall scores on the TOEIC. The Test of English for International Communication(TOEIC)は、リスニング、リーディング、スピーキング、ライティングの 4つの技能領域を対象にしている。 本研究では、リスニングとリーディングの得点を総合的な英語力の判定に使うことの実用 性を判定するため、TOEICの4技能得点間の相関を調べた。 本研究は3年間に渡って行われ、260名の大学生からデータを集め た。 4技能の得点間にはそれぞれ有意な相関があり、一番高い相関はリスニングとリーディングの得点間(r = .73)、一番低い相 関はリスニングとライティングの得点間(r = .52)であった。 リスニングとリーディングの合計点は、総合点と強い相関があり、そ れはTOEIC Listening and Readingテストの得点がTOEICの総合点の良い代替指標になり得ることを示唆している。
Public investment and economic growth in ECOWAS countries: Does governance Matter?

The ECOWAS countries have been facing weak economic performance in recent decades. While the role of investment as an engine of growth is undeniable, the effect of public investment remains less clear. The role of the quality of governance in the effectiveness of public investment is increasingly recognized. The objective of this study is twofold. On the one hand, we analyze the effect of public investment on economic growth. On the other hand, we analyze the role of governance in the relationship between public investment and growth in the ECOWAS countries. To this end, we use an error correction model (ECM) on panel data for the period 1996–2016. We privileged the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator in this study. Our results show that public investment has a positive and significant effect on economic growth in ECOWAS countries in the long-term. Moreover, governance improves the positive effect of public investment on economic growth. Particularly, political stability and rule of law represent institutional dimensions, which amplify the positive effect of public investment on growth in these countries. Thus, the improvement of governance quality and increasing public investment are complementary to foster economic growth. In addition, the promotion of private investment and the attractiveness of foreign direct investment should accompany any governance reform and increase in public investment to promote economic growth.