Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining Recruitment Strategies in the Enrollment Cascade of Youth Living With HIV: Descriptive Findings From a Nationwide Web-Based Adherence Protocol

Background Digital strategies and broadened eligibility criteria may optimize the enrollment of youth living with HIV in mobile health adaptive interventions. Prior research suggests that digital recruitment strategies are more efficient than traditional methods for overcoming enrollment challenges of youth living with HIV in the United States. Objective This study highlights the challenges and strategies that explain screening and enrollment milestones in a national web-based adherence protocol for youth living with HIV. Methods Baseline data from a national web-based HIV adherence protocol for youth living with HIV, collected from July 2018 to February 2021, were analyzed. A centralized recruitment procedure was developed, which used web-based recruitment via Online Master Screener; paid targeted advertisements on social media platforms (eg, Facebook and Reddit) and geosocial networking dating apps (eg, Grindr and Jack’d); and site and provider referrals from Subject Recruitment Venues and other AIDS service organizations, website referrals, and text-in recruitment. Results A total of 3 distinct cohorts of youth living with HIV were identified, marked by changes in recruitment strategies. Overall, 3270 individuals consented to screening, 2721 completed screening, 581 were eligible, and 83 completed enrollment. We examined sociodemographic and behavioral differences in completing milestones from eligibility to full enrollment (ie, submitting antiretroviral therapy and viral load data and completing the baseline web-based survey). Those with the most recent viral load tests >6 months ago were half as likely to enroll (odds ratio 0.45, 95% CI 0.21-0.94). Moreover, eligible participants with self-reported antiretroviral therapy adherence (SRA) between 50% and 80% were statistically significant (P<.001 to P=.03) and more likely to enroll than those with SRA >80%. Conclusions The findings add to our knowledge on the use of digital technologies for youth living with HIV before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide insight into the impact of expanding eligibility criteria on enrollment. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues and the use of and engagement with social media and dating apps among youth living with HIV changes, these platforms should continue to be investigated as potential recruitment tools. Using a wide variety of recruitment strategies such as using social media and dating apps as well as provider referral mechanisms, increasing compensation amounts, and including SRA in enrollment criteria should continue to be studied with respect to their ability to successfully recruit and enroll eligible participants. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/11183
A Satellite-Based Fog Detection Scheme Using Screen Air Temperature

Abstract A warm fog detection (air temperature > −5°C) algorithm using a combination of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-12 (GOES-12) observations and screen temperature data based on an operational numerical model has been developed. This algorithm was tested on a large number of daytime cases during the spring and summer of 2004. Results from the scheme were compared with surface observations from four manned Canadian weather stations in Ontario, including Ottawa, Windsor, Sudbury, and Toronto. Initially, when all cases were included, fog detection (hit rate) by the satellite scheme ranged between 0.26 and 0.32. It is suggested that mid- or high-level clouds within the satellite imagery during the observed foggy periods affected the scheme’s performance in detecting surface-level fog for the majority of the cases. When cases with mid- and high-level clouds were removed using model-based screen temperatures, the hit rate ranged between 0.55 and 1.0. With an average false alarm rate of 0.
Dietary Effect of Brevibacillus laterosporus S62-9 on Chicken Meat Quality, Amino Acid Profile, and Volatile Compounds

Probiotics are being used in diets to improve the quality of chicken meat. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Brevibacillus laterosporus S62-9 microbial agent on the meat quality, amino acids, and volatile compounds of chicken. The experiment was carried out with 160 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chickens, rearing for 42 d. The chickens were randomly divided into two groups of 8 replicates each, with 10 chickens in each group. No supplement was added to the basal diet in the control group and Brevibacillus laterosporus S62-9 microbial agent was added to the diet of the experimental group. At the end of the experiment, the meat quality, meat chemical composition, amino acid composition, and volatile compounds of chicken were determined. The results showed that pH (p < 0.05), pressing loss (p < 0.05), cooking loss (p < 0.05), and shear force (p < 0.01) were notably decreased, the percentage of breast meat (p < 0.01), protein content (p < 0.05) were visibly increased, and remarkable changes were observed in the amino acid composition (change in seven amino acids) and volatile compounds profile (an increase of about 20-fold in the contents of 1-octen-3-ol and hexanal). In summary, it was found that Brevibacillus laterosporus S62-9 microbial agent can be used as a novel and effective feed supplement to improve the nutritional quality and flavor characteristics of broilers.
APPLICATIONS OF BAYESIAN METHODS TO THE PREDICTION OF EDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCE1

The feasibility and effectiveness of a Bayesian method, due to Lindley, for estimating regressions in m groups is studied by application of the method to data from the Basic Research Service of The American College Testing Program. Evidence is found to support the belief that in many testing applications the collateral information obtained from each subset of m - 1 colleges will be useful for the estimation of the regression in the mth college. Specifically, on cross-validation in a second sample, the Bayesian predictions had a smaller mean squared error in each of the 22 colleges, the reduction averaging 9.7%, when compared with the least squares predictions when four predictor variables were used on a quarter sample in 22 colleges with initial within-college sample sizes ranging from 26 to 184. Furthermore, even when based on the full sample within each college, the least squares predictions had an average cross-validated mean squared error only barely less than the Bayesian predictions based on the quarter sample. The most apparent benefit of the Bayesian method is that it permits regression to be done in subpopulations (e.g., male-female) where sample sizes are small and where the regressions are different in the subpopulations. In the present study a decrease of more than 10% in mean squared error was obtained using this approach.
P2X7 Is Involved in the Mouse Retinal Degeneration via the Coordinated Actions in Different Retinal Cell Types

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released from dying cells with high concentrations is sensed as a danger signal by the P2X7 receptor. Sodium iodate (NaIO3) is an oxidative toxic agent, and its retinal toxicity has been used as the model of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this study, we used NaIO3-treated mice and cultured retinal cells, including BV-2 microglia, 661W photoreceptors, rMC1 Müller cells and ARPE-19 retinal epithelial cells, to understand the pathological action of P2X7 in retinal degeneration. We found that NaIO3 can significantly decrease the photoreceptor function by reducing a-wave and b-wave amplitudes in electroretinogram (ERG) analysis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis revealed the degeneration of retinal epithelium and ganglion cell layers. Interestingly, P2X7−/− mice were protected from the NaIO3-induced retinopathy and inflammatory NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression in the retina. Hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated that the retinal epithelium was less deteriorated in P2X7−/− mice compared to the WT group. Although P2X7 was barely detected in 661W, rMC1 and ARPE-19 cells, its gene and protein levels can be increased after NaIO3 treatment, leading to a synergistic cytotoxicity of BzATP [2′(3′)-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-5′-triphosphate tri(triethyleneammonium)salt] and NaIO3 administration in ARPE-19 cells. In conclusion, the paracrine action of the ATP/P2X7 axis via cell–cell communication is involved in NaIO3-induced retinal injury. Our results show that P2X7 antagonist might be a potential therapy in inflammation-related retinal degeneration.
The orientation of semidilute rigid fiber suspensions in a linearly contracting channel

We measure the spatial evolution of the orientation distribution of a semidilute rigid fiber suspension in the contraction plane of a linear contracting channel. We fit these data with a Fokker–Plank type equation using equations for rotary diffusion coefficient advanced by either (i) Folgar and Tucker [J. Reinf. Plast. Compas. 3, 98 (1984)] or (ii) Koch [Phys. Fluids 7, 2086 (1995)]. Both models of the diffusion coefficient were found to first increase with increasing suspension concentration up to a maximum and then decrease with concentrations above this point. This nonmonotonic behavior was attributed to fiber clumping or flocculation, a mechanism not considered in the closure relationships.We measure the spatial evolution of the orientation distribution of a semidilute rigid fiber suspension in the contraction plane of a linear contracting channel. We fit these data with a Fokker–Plank type equation using equations for rotary diffusion coefficient advanced by either (i) Folgar and Tucker [J. Reinf. Plast. Compas. 3, 98 (1984)] or (ii) Koch [Phys. Fluids 7, 2086 (1995)]. Both models of the diffusion coefficient were found to first increase with increasing suspension concentration up to a maximum and then decrease with concentrations above this point. This nonmonotonic behavior was attributed to fiber clumping or flocculation, a mechanism not considered in the closure relationships.
Cluster Formation Effect of Water on Pristine and Defective MoS2 Monolayers

The structure and electronic properties of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer upon water cluster adsorption are studied using density functional theory and the optical properties are further analyzed with the Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE). Our results reveal that the water clusters are electron acceptors, and the acceptor tendency tends to increase with the size of the water cluster. The electronic band gap of both pristine and defective MoS2 is rather insensitive to water cluster adsorbates, as all the clusters are weakly bound to the MoS2 surface. However, our calculations on the BSE level show that the adsorption of the water cluster can dramatically redshift the optical absorption for both pristine and defective MoS2 monolayers. The binding energy of the excitons of MoS2 is greatly enhanced with the increasing size of the water cluster and finally converges to a value of approximately 1.16 eV and 1.09 eV for the pristine and defective MoS2 monolayers, respectively. This illustrates that the presence of the water cluster could localize the excitons of MoS2, thereby greatly enhance the excitonic binding energy.
Spectrophotometry of FRII radiogalaxies in an unbiased, low-redshift sample

La spectrophotometrie de 8 radiogalaxies FRII de l'echantillon complet de Laing R.A. , Riley J.M. et Longair M.S. (1983, Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 204) est presentee en vue d'etudier le lien entre l'emission radio et l'emission de raies optiques des radiogalaxies
Protection against Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Afforded by Maternal Antibodies from Cows Immunized with an Inactivated Vaccine

The passive protection afforded by the colostrum from cattle that were vaccinated prepartum with an inactivated combination vaccine against the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) was evaluated after an experimental challenge of calves. Pregnant cows without or with a low ELISA and neutralizing BRSV antibody titers were twice vaccinated or not vaccinated, the last immunization being at one month prior to calving. Vaccination was followed by a rapid increase in BRSV antibody titers after the second immunization. Twenty-eightnewborn calves were fed during the 6 h following birth, with 4 L of colostrum sourced from vaccinated cows (14 vaccine calves) or non-vaccinated cows (14 control calves) and were challenged with BRSV at 21 days of age. We showed that maternal immunity to BRSV provides a significant reduction in the clinical signs of BRSV in calves, especially for severe clinical forms. This protection was correlated with reduced BRSV detection in the lower respiratory tract but not in nasal swabs, indicating an absence of protection against BRSV nasal excretion. Finally, transcriptomic assays in bronchoalveolar lavages showed no statistical differences between groups for chemokine and cytokine mRNA transcriptions, with the exception of the overexpression of IL-9 at days 6 and 10 post-challenge, and a severe downregulation of CXCL-1 at day 3 post-challenge, in the vaccine group.
Escape of lattice water in potassium iron hexacyanoferrate for cyclic optimization in potassium‐ion batteries

Potassium iron hexacyanoferrate (Prussian blue [PB]) is a very competitive cathode for potassium‐ion batteries due to its 3D robust open framework. However, [Fe(CN)6]4− vacancies and lattice water existed in PB lattices aggravate electrochemical performances. Herein, PBs with different content of vacancies and lattice water are obtained under two synthesis temperatures of 0°C and 25°C. Although K1.36Fe[Fe(CN)6]0.74·0.48H2O (PB0) exhibits an outstanding rate capability compared with K1.43Fe[Fe(CN)6]0.94·0.42H2O (PB25), PB25 with less defects shows a lower polarization and superior stability than PB0 during the cycle. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra results show that lattice water can escape from PB lattices during the cycle, which enhances the diffusion of K+ kinetically in the PB structure. Benefited from this phenomenon, the diffusion coefficient of K+ in vacancy‐less PB25 reaches 10−8 in two reaction platforms. As potassium‐ion battery cathodes, PB25 displays higher capacity retention of 86.5% over 1000 cycles at 5 C than PB0 with 20.1% capacity retention over 600 cycles. This study provides a new understanding of [Fe(CN)6]4− vacancy and lattice water behavior in K‐containing PB structure.
Microbial Decontamination of Red Wine by Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) after Alcoholic and Malolactic Fermentation: Effect on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Oenococcus oeni, and Oenological Parameters during Storage

New techniques are required to replace the use of sulfur dioxide (SO2) or of sterilizing filtration in wineries, due to those methods’ drawbacks. Pulsed electric fields (PEF) is a technology capable of inactivating microorganisms at low temperatures in a continuous flow with no detrimental effect on food properties. In the present study, PEF technology was evaluated for purposes of microbial decontamination of red wines after alcoholic and malolactic fermentation, respectively. PEF combined with SO2 was evaluated in terms of microbial stability and physicochemical parameters over a period of four months. Furthermore, the effect of PEF on the sensory properties of red wine was compared with the sterilizing filtration method. Results showed that up to 4.0 Log10 cycles of S. cerevisiae and O. oeni could be eradicated by PEF and sublethal damages and a synergetic effect with SO2 were also observed, respectively. After 4 months, wine treated by PEF after alcoholic fermentation was free of viable yeasts; and less than 100 CFU/mL of O. oeni cells were viable in PEF-treated wine added with 20 ppm of SO2 after malolactic fermentation. No detrimental qualities were found, neither in terms of oenological parameters, nor in the sensory parameters of wines subjected to PEF after storage time.
Force-velocity cross correlations and the Langevin equation

Cross correlations of the velocity with the total force, the mean force, and the fluctuating force are evaluated for the Langevin equation and for a generalized version which has been suggested for a Brownian particle in an incompressible fluid of nonzero density. In the latter case all of the cross correlations follow a power law decay with the first ∼t−5/2 and the second two ∼t−3/2 for large t so that the t−3/2 decays cancel. It is shown that the failure to consider the effects of these cross correlations leads to inconsistencies, in particular, the failure to satisfy the stationarity condition. The cross correlation of the fluctuating force with the velocity measured at the same time gives the rate at which energy is put into the system by this force and is shown to be equal to the rate at which energy is lost due to the dissipative effect of the mean force. The inertial response of the fluid to the motion of the Brownian particle is also evaluated. Comparisons are made between the original general tre.
Pseudo-Z symmetric space-times

In this paper, we investigate Pseudo-Z symmetric space-time manifolds. First, we deal with elementary properties showing that the associated form Ak is closed: in the case the Ricci tensor results to be Weyl compatible. This notion was recently introduced by one of the present authors. The consequences of the Weyl compatibility on the magnetic part of the Weyl tensor are pointed out. This determines the Petrov types of such space times. Finally, we investigate some interesting properties of (PZS)4 space-time; in particular, we take into consideration perfect fluid and scalar field space-time, and interesting properties are pointed out, including the Petrov classification. In the case of scalar field space-time, it is shown that the scalar field satisfies a generalized eikonal equation. Further, it is shown that the integral curves of the gradient field are geodesics. A classical method to find a general integral is presented.
Variability of the Broad Balmer Emission Lines in 3C 390.3 from 1992 to 2000

We describe the results of an optical spectral monitoring campaign on the Seyfert galaxy 3C 390.3 carried out with a CCD spectrograph at the 2.6 m Shajn Telescope of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in 1992-2000. Light curves for the Hα and Hβ emission lines and for the continuum in both the Hα and Hβ spectral regions are given. The lag between the continuum and Hβ emission-line variations (specifically the cross-correlation centroid τcent) is found to be τcent = 89 days, more than twice the lag found in an earlier investigation by Dietrich et al. We attribute this discrepancy to the difference between continuum autocorrelation functions for these two time series, which have very different durations. We show that a single emission-line transfer function is able to reproduce both cross-correlation results. The recovered transfer function for the Hβ line has a peak at a lag of 20 days, a tail that extends up to 300 days, and little or no correlation near zero lag. We find that the Hα line, which varies with a markedly lower amplitude than Hβ, has a lag of τcent = 162 days. We find no significant difference in lag between the blue and red wings of either Hα or Hβ, effectively ruling out kinematics dominated by simple radial motion. However, emission-line profile variations were clearly detected over the duration of the monitoring campaign. The mean and rms profiles computed for three selected time intervals are significantly different and show no correlation between profile width and continuum flux. Over the duration of the campaign, the red central part of the line profiles strongly decreased with respect to the total line flux. Moreover, the red bump nearly completely disappeared, while the blue bump has become more prominent. We find that some discrete profile features appear to propagate across the line profile, and we see such features moving in both directions, blue to red and vice versa. Variations in two profile segments at line-of-sight velocity ±(7500-9500) km s-1 are found to be poorly correlated with variations in the continuum or in other profile segments. Our conjecture is that the observed evolution of the Balmer line profiles in 3C 390.3 may be the result of the rotational redistribution of matter in a Keplerian disk and changes in the relative strength of an additional line component that dominates in the red central part of the profile. We conclude that the evolution of the broad-line profiles in 3C 390.3 in the context of the current models of the broad-line region remains unclear.
Marmesin and Marmelosin Interact with the Heparan Sulfatase-2 Active Site: Potential Mechanism for Phytochemicals from Bael Fruit Extract as Antitumor Therapeutics

Human heparan sulfatase-2 (HSULF-2) is an oncoprotein overexpressed in the surface of all types of tumor cells and its activity plays a critical role in cancer survival and progression. Our previous studies have shown that bael fruit extract, containing marmesin and marmelosin, inhibits the HSULF-2 activity and kills breast tumor cells, but the mechanism of these processes remains fairly known mainly because the HSULF-2's 3D structure is partially known. Herein, we aimed at providing an in silico molecular mechanism of the inhibition of human HSULF-2 by phytochemicals from bael fruit extract. Pharmacokinetic parameters of the main phytochemicals contained in the bael fruit extract, sequence-based 3D structure of human HSULF-2, and the interaction of bael fruit's phytochemicals with the enzyme active site was modeled, evaluated, and verified. Docking studies revealed marmesin and marmelosin as potential inhibitors with binding score -8.5 and -7.7 Kcal/mol; these results were validated using molecular dynamics simulations, which exhibited higher stability of the protein-ligand complexes. Taking together, with our earlier in vitro data, our computational analyses suggest that marmesin and marmelosin interact at the active site of HSULF-2 providing a potential mechanism for its inhibition and consequent antitumor activity by phytochemicals contained in the bael fruit extract.
Coupled nonlinear parabolic systems with time delays

A coupled system of parabolic equations with time delays is investigated by the method of upper-lower solutions. It is shown by using upper and lower solutions as coupled initial iterations that the corresponding sequences converge monotonically to a unique solution of the system. This convergence leads to an existence-comparison theorem which is useful for studying the asymptotic behavior of the solution. This method is extended to a coupled system of integro-differential equations and systems of parabolic-ordinary equations. Applications are given to some model problems in ecology and nuclear engineering, including the stability property of a steady-state solution.