Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Fluctuations for Linear Statistics of \beta-Jacobi Ensembles

We study the global fluctuations for linear statistics of the form $\sum_{i=1}^n f(\lambda_i)$ as $n \rightarrow \infty$, for $C^1$ functions $f$, and $\lambda_1, . , \lambda_n$ being the eigenvalues of a (general) $\beta$-Jacobi ensemble, for which tridiagonal models were given by Killip and Nenciu as well as Edelman and Sutton. The fluctuation from the mean ($\sum_{i=1}^n f(\lambda_i) - \Exp \sum_{i=1}^n f(\lambda_i)$) is given asymptotically by a Gaussian process. We compute the covariance matrix for the process and show that it is diagonalized by a shifted Chebyshev polynomial basis; in addition, we analyze the deviation from the predicted mean for polynomial test functions, and we obtain a law of large numbers.
First-principles investigation of MnP magnetic states precursors of superconductivity under high pressure

The discovery of a superconducting dome in the proximity of the magnetic to paramagnetic transition in the electronic phase diagram of MnP as a function of hydrostatic pressure has renewed the interest in the magnetic properties of this binary pnictide. Here we present an ab initio study obtained with Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations as a function of pressure. We show that the itinerant-electron magnetism of MnP is well characterized by the mean-field Kohn-Sham method which correctly describes the ambient pressure magnetic states, the anomalous trend of the lattice parameters as a function of pressure and the critical pressure for the disappearance of the magnetic order. We are finally able to confirm the nature of the new helical structure observed at high pressure.
Anharmonic oscillators in the complex plane, $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry, and real eigenvalues

For integers $m\geq 3$ and $1\leq\ell\leq m-1$, we study the eigenvalue problems $-u^{\prime\prime}(z)+[(-1)^{\ell}(iz)^m-P(iz)]u(z)=\lambda u(z)$ with the boundary conditions that $u(z)$ decays to zero as $z$ tends to infinity along the rays $\arg z=-\frac{\pi}{2}\pm \frac{(\ell+1)\pi}{m+2}$ in the complex plane, where $P$ is a polynomial of degree at most $m-1$. We provide asymptotic expansions of the eigenvalues $\lambda_{n}$. Then we show that if the eigenvalue problem is $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric, then the eigenvalues are all real and positive with at most finitely many exceptions. Moreover, we show that when $\gcd(m,\ell)=1$, the eigenvalue problem has infinitely many real eigenvalues if and only if its translation or itself is $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric. Also, we will prove some other interesting direct and inverse spectral results.
Photometric AGN reverberation mapping – an efficient tool for BLR sizes, black hole masses, and host-subtracted AGN luminosities

Photometric reverberation mapping employs a wide band pass to measure the AGN continuum variations and a suitable narrow band to trace the echo of an emission line in the broad line region (BLR). The narrow band catches both the emission line and the underlying continuum, and one needs to extract the pure emission line light curve. We performed a test on two local AGNs, PG0003+199 and Ark120, by observing well-sampled broad- (B, V) and narrow-band light curves with the robotic 15 cm telescope VYSOS-6 on Cerro Armazones, Chile. We find that, as long as the emission line contributes 50% to the band pass, the pure emission line light curve can be reconstructed from photometric monitoring data so that the time lag τ can be measured. For both objects the lags are consistent with spectroscopic reverberation results. We calculated virial black hole masses in agreement with literature values, by combining the BLR size RBLR (τ) from photometric monitoring with the velocity dispersion of a single contemporaneous spectrum. Applying the flux variation gradient method, we estimate the host galaxy contribution in the apertures used and the host-subtracted restframe 5100 A luminosity LAGN . O urLAGN differs significantly from previous estimates, placing both sources ∼50% closer to the RBLR −LAGN relation. This suggests that the scatter in the current RBLR −LAGN relation is largely caused by uncertainties in RBLR due to undersampled light curves and by uncertainties in the host-subtracted AGN luminosities inferred so far. If the scatter can be reduced, then two quasar samples matching in RBLR should also match in intrinsic LAGN, independent of redshift, thus offering the prospect of probing cosmological models. Photometric reverberation mapping opens the door to efficiently measuring hundreds of BLR sizes and host-subtracted AGN luminosities even with small telescopes, but also routinely with upcoming large survey telescopes like the LSST.
The 2-color Rado number of $x_1+x_2+...+x_{m-1}=ax_m$

In 1982, Beutelspacher and Brestovansky proved that for every integer $m\geq 3,$ the 2-color Rado number of the equation $$x_1+x_2+. +x_{m-1}=x_m$$ is $m^2-m-1. $ In 2008, Schaal and Vestal proved that, for every $m\geq 6,$ the 2-color Rado number of $$x_1+x_2+. +x_{m-1}=2x_m$$ is $\lceil \frac{m-1}{2}\lceil\frac{m-1}{2}\rceil\rceil. $ Here we prove that, for every integer $a\geq 3$ and every $m\geq 2a^2-a+2$, the 2-color Rado number of $$x_1+x_2+. +x_{m-1}=ax_m$$ is $\lceil\frac{m-1}{a}\lceil\frac{m-1}{a}\rceil\rceil. $ For the case $a=3,$ we show that our formula gives the Rado number for all $m\geq 7,$ and we determine the Rado number for all $m\geq 3. $
A CHAIN OF WINKING (OSCILLATING) FILAMENTS TRIGGERED BY AN INVISIBLE EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET WAVE

Winking (oscillating) filaments have been observed for many years. However, observations of successive winking filaments in one event have not yet been reported. In this paper, we present the observations of a chain of winking filaments and a subsequent jet that are observed right after the X2.1 flare in AR11283. The event also produced an extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave that has two components: an upward dome-like wave (850 km s−1) and a lateral surface wave (554 km s−1) that was very weak (or invisible) in imaging observations. By analyzing the temporal and spatial relationships between the oscillating filaments and the EUV waves, we propose that all the winking filaments and the jet were triggered by the weak (or invisible) lateral surface EUV wave. The oscillation of the filaments last for two or three cycles, and their periods, Doppler velocity amplitudes, and damping times are 11–22 minutes, 6–14 km s−1, and 25–60 minutes, respectively. We further estimate the radial component magnetic field and the maximum kinetic energy of the filaments, and they are 5–10 G and ∼1019 J, respectively. The estimated maximum kinetic energy is comparable to the minimum energy of ordinary EUV waves, suggesting that EUV waves can efficiently launch filament oscillations on their path. Based on our analysis results, we conclude that the EUV wave is a good agent for triggering and connecting successive but separated solar activities in the solar atmosphere, and it is also important for producing solar sympathetic eruptions.
The Effects of a Multimodal Intervention on the Reading Skills of Struggling Students: An Exploration Across Countries

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a multimodal program, designed for practicing reading, on reading development in struggling readers in two different countries. The research question was whether one specific training method will have a positive effect on pupils’ reading development in two different countries with different educational systems and as diverse orthographies as the shallow Croatian and the relatively deep Swedish orthography. It became clear that the Swedish teachers have a tradition of implementing interventions as opposed to in Croatia where there is no tradition of teachers conducting intervention studies in school. Comparing different school systems is difficult which is evident in the results that differ between the two countries. However, the results indicate that the multimodal reading training program used in the intervention had positive effects on pupils’ literacy development, including decoding, spelling, and reading comprehension in both countries.
Nonlinear optics using cold Rydberg atoms

The implementation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a cold Rydberg gas provides an attractive route towards strong photon--photon interactions and fully deterministic all-optical quantum information processing. In this brief review we discuss the underlying principles of how large single photon non-linearities are achieved in this system and describe experimental progress to date.
Detecting cosmic strings in the CMB with the Canny algorithm

Line discontinuities in cosmic microwave background anisotropy maps are a distinctive prediction of models with cosmic strings. These signatures are visible in anisotropy maps with good angular resolution and should be identifiable using edge-detection algorithms. One such algorithm is the Canny algorithm. We study the potential of this algorithm to pick out the line discontinuities generated by cosmic strings. By applying the algorithm to small-scale microwave anisotropy maps generated from theoretical models with and without cosmic strings, we find that, given an angular resolution of several minutes of arc, cosmic strings can be detected down to a limit of the mass per unit length of the string which is one order of magnitude lower than the current upper bounds.
Higher D or Li: probes of physics beyond the standard model

Standard big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) at the baryon density determined by the microwave anisotropy spectrum predicts an excess of 7 Li compared to observations by a factor of 4–5. In contrast, BBN predictions for D/H are somewhat below (but within 2σ of) the weighted mean of observationally determined values from quasar absorption systems. Solutions to the 7 Li problem which alter the nuclear processes during or subsequent to BBN often lead to a significant increase in the deuterium abundance consistent with the highest values of D/H seen in absorption systems. Furthermore, the observed D/H abundances show considerable dispersion. Here, we argue that those systems with D/H � 4 × 10 −5 may be more representative of the primordial abundance and as a consequence, those systems with lower D/H would necessarily have been subject to local processes of deuterium destruction. This can be accounted for by models of cosmic chemical evolution able to destroy in situ deuterium due to the fragility of this isotope.
A tight Gaussian bound for weighted sums of Rademacher random variables

Let $\varepsilon_1,\ldots,\varepsilon_n$ be independent identically distributed Rademacher random variables, that is $\mathbb{P}\{\varepsilon_i=\pm1\}=1/2$. Let $S_n=a_1\varepsilon_1+\cdots+a_n\varepsilon_n$, where $\mathbf{a}=(a_1,\ldots,a_n)\in\mathbb{R}^n$ is a vector such that ${a_1^2+\cdots+a_n^2\leq1}$. We find the smallest possible constant $c$ in the inequality \[\mathbb{P}\{S_n\geq x\}\leq c\mathbb{P}\{\eta\geq x\}\qquad for all x\in \mathbb{R},\] where $\eta\sim N(0,1)$ is a standard normal random variable. This optimal value is equal to \[c_*=\bigl(4\mathbb{P}\{\eta\geq\sqrt{2}\}\bigr)^ {-1}\approx3.178. \]
Canonical heights for Hénon maps

We consider the arithmetic of Hénon maps φ(x,y)=(ay,x+f(y)) defined over number fields and function fields, usually with the restriction a=1. We prove a result on the variation of Kawaguchi's canonical height in families of Hénon maps, and derive from this specialization theorem, showing that the set of parameters above which a given non‐periodic point becomes periodic is a set of bounded height. Proving this involves showing that the only points of canonical height zero for a Hénon map over a function field are those which are periodic (in the non‐isotrivial case). In the case of quadratic Hénon maps φ(x, y)=(y, x+y2+b), we obtain a stronger result, bounding the canonical height from below by a quantity that grows linearly in the height of b, once the number of places of bad reduction is fixed. Finally, we propose a conjecture regarding ℚ‐rational periodic points for quadratic Hénon maps defined over ℚ, namely that they can only have period 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8. We check this conjecture for the first million values of b∈ℚ, ordered by height.
Faraday waves in collisionally inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensates

We study the emergence of Faraday waves in cigar-shaped collisionally inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensates subject to periodic modulation of the radial confinement. Considering a Gaussian-shaped radially inhomogeneous scattering length, we show through extensive numerical simulations and detailed variational treatment that the spatial period of the emerging Faraday waves increases as the inhomogeneity of the scattering length gets weaker, and that it saturates once the width of the radial inhomogeneity reaches the radial width of the condensate. In the regime of strongly inhomogeneous scattering lengths, the radial profile of the condensate is akin to that of a hollow cylinder, while in the weakly inhomogeneous case the condensate is cigar-shaped and has a Thomas-Fermi radial density profile. Finally, we show that when the frequency of the modulation is close to the radial frequency of the trap, the condensate exhibits resonant waves which are accompanied by a clear excitation of collective modes, while for frequencies close to twice that of the radial frequency of the trap, the observed Faraday waves set in forcefully and quickly destabilize condensates with weakly inhomogeneous two-body interactions.
Dispersion and Attenuation for an Acoustic Wave Equation Consistent with Viscoelasticity

An acoustic wave equation for pressure accounting for viscoelastic attenuation is derived from viscoelastic equations of motion. It is assumed that the relaxation moduli are completely monotonic (CM). The acoustic equation differs significantly from the equations proposed by Szabo (1994) and in several other papers. Integral representations of dispersion and attenuation are derived. General properties and asymptotic behavior of attenuation and dispersion in the low and high-frequency range are studied. The results are compatible with experiments. The relation between the asymptotic properties of attenuation and wavefront singularities is examined. The theory is applied to some classes of viscoelastic models and to the quasi-linear attenuation reported in seismology.
Multiphase, non-spherical gas accretion on to a black hole

We investigate non-spherical behaviour of gas accreting on to a central supermassive black hole. Assuming optically thin conditions, we include radiative cooling and radiative heating by the central X-ray source. Our simulations are performed using the 3D smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) code gadget-3 and are compared to theoretical predictions as well as to 1D simulations performed using the grid code zeus. As found in earlier 1D studies, our 3D simulations show that the accretion mode depends on the X-ray luminosity (LX) for a fixed density at infinity and accretion efficiency. In the low LX limit, gas accretes in a stable, spherically symmetric fashion. In the high LX limit, the inner gas is significantly heated up and expands, reducing the central mass inflow rate. The expanding gas can turn into a strong enough outflow capable of expelling most of the gas at larger radii. For some intermediate LX, the accretion flow becomes unstable developing prominent non-spherical features. Our detailed analysis and tests show that the key reason for this unstable non-spherical nature of the flow is thermal instability (TI). Small perturbations of the initially spherically symmetric accretion flow that is heated by the intermediate LX quickly grow to form cold and dense clumps surrounded by overheated low-density regions. The cold clumps continue their inwards motion forming filamentary structures, while the hot infalling gas slows down because of buoyancy and can even start outflowing through the channels in between the filaments. We measured various local and global properties of our solutions. In particular, we found that the ratio between the mass inflow rates of the cold and hot gas is a dynamical quantity depending on several factors: time, spatial location and LX; and ranges between 0 and 4. We briefly discuss astrophysical implications of such TI-driven fragmentation of accreting gas on the formation of clouds in narrow- and broad-line regions of active galactic nuclei, the formation of stars and the observed variability of the active galactic nuclei luminosity.
Non-geometric fluxes, quasi-Hopf twist deformations, and nonassociative quantum mechanics

We analyse the symmetries underlying nonassociative deformations of geometry in non-geometric R-flux compactifications which arise via T-duality from closed strings with constant geometric fluxes. Starting from the non-abelian Lie algebra of translations and Bopp shifts in phase space, together with a suitable cochain twist, we construct the quasi-Hopf algebra of symmetries that deforms the algebra of functions and the exterior differential calculus in the phase space description of nonassociative R-space. In this setting, nonassociativity is characterised by the associator 3-cocycle which controls non-coassociativity of the quasi-Hopf algebra. We use abelian 2-cocycle twists to construct maps between the dynamical nonassociative star product and a family of associative star products parametrized by constant momentum surfaces in phase space. We define a suitable integration on these nonassociative spaces and find that the usual cyclicity of associative noncommutative deformations is replaced by weaker notions of 2-cyclicity and 3-cyclicity. Using this star product quantization on phase space together with 3-cyclicity, we formulate a consistent version of nonassociative quantum mechanics, in which we calculate the expectation values of area and volume operators, and find coarse-graining of the string background due to the R-flux.
Correlating the Macrostructural Variations of an Ion Gel with Its Carbon Dioxide Sorption Capacity

We report on a direct correlation between the macroscale structural variations and the gas sorption capacities of an ion gel. Here, we chose 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide ([Emim][TF2N]) and poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) as the ionic liquid and host polymer, respectively. The CO2 sorption in the thin films of the IL-polymer was measured using the gravimetric method. The results of our experiment showed that the trend in CO2 uptake of these mixtures was nonlinearly correlated with the content of IL. Here, we highlight that the variations in the molecular structure of the polymers were the main reason behind the observed trend. The presented data suggested the possibility of using the composition of mixtures containing IL and polymers to realize a synergistic gain for gas sorption in these mixtures.
Entropy of quasiblack holes

We trace the origin of the black hole entropy S, replacing a black hole by a quasiblack hole. Let the boundary of a static body approach its own gravitational radius, in such a way that a quasihorizon forms. We show that if the body is thermal with the temperature taking the Hawking value at the quasihorizon limit, it follows, in the nonextremal case, from the first law of thermodynamics that the entropy approaches the Bekenstein-Hawking value S=A/4. In this setup, the key role is played by the surface stresses on the quasihorizon and one finds that the entropy comes from the quasihorizon surface. Any distribution of matter inside the surface leads to the same universal value for the entropy in the quasihorizon limit. This can be of some help in the understanding of black hole entropy. Other similarities between black holes and quasiblack holes such as the mass formulas for both objects had been found previously. We also discuss the entropy for extremal quasiblack holes, a more subtle issue.
Angular correlation of the stellar scintillation for large telescopes

The stellar scintillation is one of the fundamental limitation to the precision of groundbased photometry. The paper examines the problem of correlation of the scintillation of two close stars at the focus of a large telescope. The derived correlation functions were applied to data of the long-term study of the optical turbulence (OT) in the Northern Caucasus with MASS (Multi-Aperture Scintillation Sensor) instrument to predict the angular correlation of the scintillation at the Sternberg institute 2.5 m telescope currently in construction. A median angular radius of the correlation as large as 20 arcsec was found for the case of Kolmogorov OT. On the basis of the obtained relations we also analyze the correlation impact in ensemble photometry and conjugate plane photometry. It is shown that a reduction of the scintillation noise up to 8 times can be achieved when using a crowded ensemble of comparison stars. The calculation of the angular correlation can be repeated for any large telescope at the site where the OT vertical profiles are known.
Effect of Sex Steroids and PGF2α on the Expression of Their Receptors and Decorin in Bovine Caruncular Epithelial Cells in Early–Mid Pregnancy

Changes in the expression of various genes, including pregnancy-associated hormone receptors and extracellular matrix proteins, have been suggested to play a significant role in bovine placental development. This study aimed to examine the influence of sex steroids and PGF2α on decorin (DCN) expression in the epithelial cells of bovine caruncle in early–mid pregnancy in cows. The expression patterns of DCN, PTGFR, PGR and ESR1 were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blotting in primary caruncular epithelial cell cultures (PCECC) and placental tissue homogenates derived from the 2nd and 4th months of pregnancy. PCECC were found to express DCN, PTGFR, PGR and ESR1. The intensity of PGR staining was higher in cells derived from the 4th month of pregnancy (p < 0.05). The 17β-estradiol, progesterone and PGF2α have not been shown to affect DCN expression. PGF2α decreased PTGFR expression in cells derived from the 4th month of gestation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present preliminary study showed that the expression of the PTGFR, ESR1, PGR and DCN in PCECC does not vary throughout early–mid pregnancy. Further studies should be carried out to observe the relationship between hormonal status and cellular adhesion to determine their importance for properly developing placentation and pregnancy in cows.
Unveiling the nature of IGR J16283−4838

Context. One of the most striking discoveries of the INTEGRAL observatory is the existence of a previously unknown population of X-ray sources in the inner arms of the Galaxy. The investigations of the optical/NIR counterparts of some of them have provided evidence that they are highly absorbed high mass X-ray binaries hosting supergiants. Aims. We aim to identify the optical/NIR counterpart of one of the newly discovered INTEGRAL sources, IGR J16283−4838, and determine the nature of this system. Methods. We present optical and NIR observations of the field of IGR J16283−4838, and use the astrometry and photometry of the sources within it to identify its counterpart. We obtain its NIR spectrum, and its optical/NIR spectral energy distribution by means of broadband photometry. We search for the intrinsic polarization of its light, and its short and long-term photometric variability. Results. We demonstrate that this source is a highly absorbed HMXB located beyond the Galactic center, and that it may be surrounded by a variable circumstellar medium.