Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic resistance: Current global issue and future challenges

Understanding antibiotic resistance and control measure is a challenge because it causes dissemination of multidrug resistance bacteria, and it causes high morbidity and mortality. Bacteria expressing extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) have been recently reported globally at an alarming level and these issues exist in Middle East and Iraq. Bacteria bearing beta lactam resistance genes shows multi-drug resistance and it cause delay in treatment. The huge number of studies has been carried out to indicate the causes of drug resistances and the outcome of this problem in clinical fields. Therefore, this study is about to reviewing different causes and aspects of drug resistances such as: causes of drug resistance, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, antibiotic resistance reversibility, and different types of beta lactamase resistance genes, Resistance Genes (ESBL) in Middle East, and Resistance Genes (ESBL) in Iraq. The review highlighted all research showing the existence of different types of ESBL in humans, animals and environments in different places of Middle East and Iraq. Bacteria bearing β-lactamases resistance genes have been spread in all parts of Middle East which is public health threating; therefore, it’s important to limit Antibiotic use by people. Further research is required in the studied area to understand the reason of antibiotic resistance and an attempt to find new antibiotic is very necessary to save future humans life.
Biochemical blood parameters of Different goat breeds

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of various blood parameters in different goat breeds in Sudan namely Saanen, Kalahari red, Boer, Shami, cross breed and local desert breeds in Sudan. Seventy three clinically healthy goats, aged between 2 and 4 years were included in the study. Data regarding sex, breed, age, posture, type of feed were obtained using a prestructured questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein for analysis of different blood parameters namely glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The mean glucose level was 48 mg/dl with significant difference between the study group (p<0.05). The mean concentration of cholesterol was 55.9mg/dl, while for protein the level was 7.04mg/dl, but there was no significant difference between the breeds. A significant difference in the mean between the breeds was found regarding albumin (mean=3.42g/dl), globulin (mean=3.06 g/dl) and urea (mean=34.5mg/dl), while no significant difference regarding creatinine (mean= 0.94 mg/dl) was found. The mean level of alkaline phosphatase was 104.7 IU/L with no significant difference between breeds. Cytochemical studies including glycogen and nucleoprotein was also investigated. The results obtained from this study can give a brief indication of the normal levels of blood parameters regarding the goat breeds and can be a starting point to set a standard reference limits for these animals.
Evaluation of Aqueous Extracts of Neem kernels and leaves for the control of spotted stem borer Chilo partellus Swinhoe, in sorghum at New Halfa, Sudan

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different concentrations of aqueous extracts of Neem kernels (NK) and Neem leaves (NL) on the incidence and damage of spotted stem borer in sorghum during 2011/12-2012/13 seasons at New Halfa Research Station farm. Sorghum variety Tabat was used. The experiment was laid in a RCB design with four replicates and seven treatments. These were: NK at kg/ 30 and 40 Liter of water, NL at kg/15 and 20 Liter of water, Furadan10% G at 15kg/F and Malathion 57% EC at 2L/F as standard and the untreated control. A liquid soap was added to Neem treatments as an emulsifying agent. Three sprayings were applied using knapsack sprayer starting two weeks after emergence with 10 days intervals. Data on percent deadheart, percent leaf damage plants, percent stem tunneling, number of borer holes per plant and grain yield were recorded. Results indicated that, all treatments were highly significantly (P>0.001) reduced stem borer damage and increased the grain yield compared to the untreated one. NK at kg/ 40 L of water was the best in reducing stem borer damage and increasing grain yield comparable to the standard treatment Furadan 10% G at 15 Kg/F. Received: 30-12-2019 Revised: 3-2-2020 Published: 26-6-2020
Construction of dehulling machine for improved coffee processing

A machine was fabricated for dehulling wet-processed coffee using local materials. It was evaluated at different drum and fan speeds using parchment coffee at 10.7 w.b. moisture content. The results obtained indicated that the dehulling efficiency, bean damage and cleaning efficiency increased as the drum and fan speeds increased between 800 – 1400rpm and 1400 – 1900rpm respectively. However, there was no significant difference in dehulling efficiency and bean damage at these speeds (0.05 sig.), but the cleaning efficiency increased significantly at higher fan speeds. The highest average dehulling efficiency, cleaning efficiency and bean damage were respectively 97.59, 93.30 and 6.17%. High dehulling and cleaning efficiencies and low bean damage obtained indicate that the machine is very appropriate to handle coffee processing. Considering the reasonable performance achieved at wide range of the machine operating conditions, this work has a good prospect for commercial coffee production.
Efficiency of resistance genes in wheat to powdery mildew in some centers of disease incidence in Iran

Wheat powdery mildew caused by fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici is a destructive wheat disease, occurring in regions with cool and humid climates. In order to investigate the changes in pathogenicity of the disease and to identify the effective genetic source of resistance, a total of 29 wheat genotypes with different resistance major genes (Pm) were studied in two hotspots of Gorgan and Sari under natural incidence of the disease over 2015-2018. Resistance reaction of the genotypes was evaluated by disease development, disease severity and coefficient of infection. The results indicated that mean of coefficient of infection for Gorgan was larger than that for Sari in all three years of the study. The reaction of some genotypes showed apparent differences between the two regions during the years of study. The highest genetic distance was observed between Ralle (Pm3d) and Holger (Pm6). NK-747 (Pm6) and Maris Huntsman (Pm2+Pm6) as well as Amigo (Pm17) and Maris Huntsman (Pm2+Pm6) showed the highest genetic similarities to each other. A total of 65.78% of the data variation was justified by principal component analysis on the basis of the coefficient of infection. The genotypes Maris Dove (Mld+Pm2), Shamrock (with unknown Pm), Broom (Pm3d) and Axona (Pm2+Pm3d+Mld) expressed effective resistance over the years and locations. The total results of this research indicated variations in the virulence of wheat powdery mildew population during the years of the experiment. This finding emphasizes on the necessity of constant monitoring of the disease in the infected areas. The genes with effective resistance identified in this study could be used in resistance breeding to powdery mildew especially for Gorgan and Sari.
Low Dietary Omega-6 to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake Ratio Enhances Adiponectin Level in Obesity

Every year around the world, the prevalence of obesity is increasing. Obesity and its associated diseases have become some of the most pressing health problems in developed and developing countries. In its development, adipocytes dysfunction and chronic low-grade inflammation occur in obesity will stimulate diseases at higher risk including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerosis, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Western diet and sedentary lifestyle are thought to have significantly contributed to the increase in obesity recently. Diet modification is a sound method to prevent obesity and its complications. Nevertheless, the concern lies in the ratio of omega-6 towards omega-3 fatty acids intake, which in its current state indicates an imparity. Omega-3 and omega-6 are two essential fatty acids that emerge as dominant factors in obesity through adiponectin. Adiponectin refers to a protein hormone conceived by adipocytes to prevent obesity and its subsequent complications by increasing insulin sensitivity, fatty acid oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and antiaterogenic. This study aims to determine the mechanism and the role of fatty acids in omega-6 towards those within omega-3 by using adiponectin as the indicator of advancement to obesity and its underlying diseases.
Does the non-farm sector affect production efficiency of the Vietnamese agricultural sector? A stochastic frontier production approach

This study examines the impact of the non-farm sector on farm value-added and production efficiency in the Vietnamese agricultural sector by using data from the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey 2012. Production function and stochastic frontier production analysis is used to determine the impact, and the instrumental variables method is applied to address endogeneity. We find that the Vietnamese non-farm sector has a positive effect on both farm value-added and efficiency. This result indicates that income from non-farm activities relaxes liquidity constraints and farmers can reinvest this capital in agricultural production. Our result provides evidence of the important role played by the non-farm sector in relaxing credit constraints and enhancing agricultural production efficiency for developing countries.
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND BANK PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

The prevalent issue of manipulation and abuse among Nigerian banks necessitated this study. Thus, this research study extensively the effectiveness of corporate governance in Nigerian banks for the period 2006-2018. The study adopted secondary time series data obtained from annual reports of banks, publications of the Central Bank of Nigeria and Nigeria Stock Exchange annual reports and factbook. A diagnostic test was conducted to ensure that the models are in line with basic econometric assumptions. The granger causality test was applied to examine the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The findings show that corporate governance has a significant effect on performance. It recommends an optimum proportion of outside directors for effective governance impacting performance positively
Ameliorative effect of fermented Pentaclethra macrophylla (African oil bean seed) on high fat diet and sucrose drink induced metabolic syndrome in male New Zealand rabbits.

The consumption of nutraceuticals has become progressively popular in improving health, as well as disease treatment and prevention. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ameliorative effect of fermented Pentaclethra macrophylla (African oil bean) seed on high fat diet and sucrose drink induced metabolic syndrome in male New Zealand rabbits. All experimental procedures were carried using standard methods. A total of twenty (20) rabbits were used for this study, the animals were randomly grouped into five (5) groups with four (4) animals each. Metabolic syndrome risk factors obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia were determined. HFD+30%SUC had over 1500g body weight (bwt) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) 239.50±5.74 mg/dl relative to the normal control with 1000±6.73g and 77.00±5.94 respectively whereas ND+30%SUC had lower FBS (l172.50±2.52) compared to HFD+30%SUC. There was a significant p<0.05 increase in body weights in treated groups with 1274±11.19g, 1282.75±4.99g, 1285±4.76g and FBS levels in mg/dL198.25±4.79, 198.75±8.06, 200±3.74 in rabbits compared to untreated HFD+30%SUC. Glycated hemoglobin, and ? -Amylase were significantly p<0.05 elevated, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels were significantly p<0.05 reduced, lipid profile markers (HDL, TRIG & CHOL), electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium), urea and creatinine levels were significantly p<0.05 altered in HFD+30%SUC exposed group relative to the normal control and ND+30%SUC. However, dietary supplementation with fermented Pentaclethra macrophylla seeds caused weight, FBS, serum lipid reduction and potentiated electrolyte, urea and creatinine levels. Therefore, according to our results, fermented Pentaclethra macrophylla seed is an excellent nutraceutical and its consumption should be encouraged in modifying high fat and elevated intake of sucrose in rabbit
Does dispositional mindfulness mediate the relationship between anxiety and exam performance?

Anxiety affects students’ performance in exams. Dispositional mindfulness (DM), the ability to be aware of one’s own feelings and thoughts while not react to them, is associated with better cognitive performance under anxiety conditions. However, none study has addressed if DM mediates between anxiety and students’ performance in test taking. The aim was to study DM as a mediator of the effect of anxiety over exam performance in a college sample. 240 students driven from the same course and subject participated. Data was gathered before exam started. Measures entailed a sociodemographic questionnaire; the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); the Five-Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ); and final marks from the exam. Mediational analyses were performed for each STAI dimension, setting each FFMQ factor as mediator, and marks from the final exam as outcome. Twenty-nine participants were excluded due to prior experience in meditation. Direct effect model showed that final exam score was significantly predicted by STAI-State ( R 2 =,145, p <,001 , b =-,536 , 95% CI [-,719 , -353]). A significant indirect effect was detected ( t =-3,937 , p <,001) for STAI-State through FFMQ-Non-Reactivity ( b =-,06 , 95% CI [-,095 , -,032]). Data suggest that anxiety negatively affects performance in final exams, but this effect is ameliorated by DM.
The Risk Factors of Developing Diabetic Foot Ulcers Among Diabetic Patients in Mukalla City-Hadhramout/Yemen

Background: Diabetes is on the rise worldwide and is already considered as an epidemic by some experts. So, there is a need to raise awareness on the important factors that can help prevent bacterial infection in wounds of patients with diabetes. Objective: To study the risk factors of developing diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in patients with diabetes. The study is the first in Yemen to investigate the prevalence of bacterial infection in wounds of diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study carried out from November 2018 to May 2019. Twenty diabetic patients with foot ulcer and twenty without foot ulcer were examined. Risk factors and clinical profile of patients were studied by using a standardized questionnaire that included gender, age groups, past history of diabetes, duration of the disease, type of diabetes, DFU, type of ulcer, smoking, glucose level, and control of blood glucose level. Results: The risk factors that affected significantly the occurrence of DFU were gender (0.038), age groups (0.010), and duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) while hyperglycemic control, smoking, and family history were not. There was no significant difference (0.977) in mean fasting blood glucose (MBG) between the DM and DFU patients. Conclusions: Male diabetic patients aged more than 55 years and suffering from DM for more than 10 years were most likely to have DFU.
Feeling and Knowing: Their Impacts on Preference

Objectives. In the present study, participants’ postural expressions were manipulated to induce automatically elicited effect, and their underlying information-processing sequence was assessed. Based on the dual-process theories (Chaiken & Trope, 1999), it was hypothesized that the information provided would prompt deliberate processing and would lead to correction on judgments. Methods. To obtain a comparison between output of the early affective and the late cognition plus affective processing, 30 participants were randomly assigned to one of the two conditions. In the uninformed condition (n=15), participants were instructed to perform arm contractions (flexion and extension) while they were exposed to nonsense word stimuli. In the informed condition (n=15), the same instructions were made except that participants were informed of the influence of contractions on their judgments. Participants’ underlying information processing sequence was assessed by recording their liking judgments on nonsense word stimuli. Feeling and Knowing 3 Results. Consistent with the hypothesis and with the findings of Cacioppo, Priester, and Berntson (1993), arm contractions led to differential evaluative judgments (p<.001). Uniformed participants preferred some stimuli to others without conscious access to the source of affect. However, the pattern held even for informed participants who were made aware of the bias. Informed participants failed to correct the liking judgments (interaction, F<1). Discussion. The affect hypothesis focuses on studying the early informationprocessing sequence, while appraisal theories focus on the later sequences. The two approaches should not be isolated but instead, integrating the two fields is one prospective line of research. Feeling and Knowing 4 Table of
A Crossover Study of English Proficiency Test for Communication in Nurse Anaesthetist Students

Introduction: English is a second language for Thai students. Consequently, it becomes a crucial issue for medical school authorities to command an efficient academic curriculum, particularly which of a nurse anaesthetist training program. Objective: To assess English communication proficiency among nurse anaesthetist students by means of online video and in-class teaching courses. Methods: This was a crossover study design. Thirty-six students were stratified and randomized into two groups. There were two learning courses (online video and in-class teaching) with the same didactic information. All participants had to attend two sessions to accomplish the process. Each session was two weeks apart where they performed a well-validated, multiple-choice question as pre-test and posttest prior to and immediately after the learning course. The tools having the same neurobehavioral assessment were re-allocated to prevent carry-over effect. The achievement and relative growth scores were determined to assess learning outcomes. Results: The baseline scores were similar, while the post-test and the relative growth scores between the two groups appeared to increase insignificantly throughout the study. However, the online video course participants showed superior learning achievement scores than those of in-class teaching. Conclusion: Nurse Anaesthetist students attending the online video course showed better learning achievement scores than those attending in-class teaching.
User-Centered Design of a Mobile App to Support Peer Recovery in a Clinical Setting

The use of legal and illegal drugs has grown to such an acute level that it now represents a public health crisis in the United States. To support clinical treatments of substance use disorders (SUDs), formal non-clinical peer recovery support programs pairing coaches with people new to recovery are gaining in popularity. Using a user-centered design approach, we designed a mobile application to support the peer coach recovery program of a health system. The application addresses the needs associated with the coaches' workflows, encompasses social supports for recoverees, and provides a space for fostering the coach-recoveree relationship. Finally, we then evaluated a prototype with recoverees and program coaches. Through this process, we identified tensions between stakeholder needs and translated these tensions into design features and future design considerations.
Characterization of Bacteriophages from Wastewater Sources on Streptococcus spp. Isolated from Biological Samples

water sources. Detection of carriers among food handlers is important to prevent such public health catastrophies. Drug resistance among salmonellae also poses a significant problem in management of patients. The broad spectrum antibiotics like chloramphenicol, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole were the drugs of choice. Fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin has become the firstline drug for treatment, especially since the widespread emergence of Salmonella isolates that are multidrug resistant (MDR) to the more traditional antimicrobial agents comprising chloramphenicol, ampicillin and co-trimoxazole. Third generations cephalosporins, including ceftriaxone have been the drugs of choice especially for enteric fever organisms that are resistant to fluoroquinolones. Of late, there have been reports of ceftriaxone resistance among non-typhoidal salmonellae. This study is being taken up to assess the prevalence of faecal shedding of salmonellae among food handlers in hostel mess and canteens in Mangalore and emerging ceftriaxone resistance among the salmonella isolates.
Essential Newborn Care Practice and Associated Factors among Home Delivered Mothers within the Past Six Months, in Abaya District, West Guji zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, 2019

Background: Poor immediate new-born care practice increases risk of morbidity and mortality by predisposing the new-borns to sepsis and hypothermia. In developing countries nearly 3 million new-borns babies die every year mostly where many births happen at home. Therefore, assessment of essential new-born care practice among home delivered mothers is important for the improvement of new born health and reduction of risk of morbidity and mortality. However, to the best knowledge of researcher, there was no previous study on this title at this study area. Objective: Assess essential new-born care practices and associated factors among mothers delivered at home during the six months preceding the study in Abaya district of West Guji zone, Oromia, Ethiopia from August 1-August 30, 2019. Methods: Community based cross-sectional study design was employed. Stratified-multi stage sampling technique was used to select 632 study subjects. Structured pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. After one day training given six diploma and 2 BSc nurses were participated as data collectors and supervisors respectively. After data clearance and coding