Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reversible halochromic PLA film for naked-eye detection at the extreme base condition

ABSTRACT Exposure to extreme base conditions in indoor environments may lead to adverse health effects on living beings. Proper ventilation and real-time detection are very important upon exposure. A simple and highly sensitive reversible base sensor is successfully prepared for real-time detection of the extreme base condition of aqueous base analytes. Halochromic poly lactid acid (PLA) pH film sensor containing thymolphthalein (THY) dye and polyethylene glycol (PEG) was developed by solution casting method. To increase the effectiveness of PLA pH film capabilities as a base sensor, the impact of altering the concentration of THY and PEG substrate was explored. The interactions between PLA, THY, and PEG were observed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and the intensity of color changes was measured using UV-VIS spectroscopy. It was found that the PLA pH film has a clear color response from colorless to blue at pH 11–13 with a rapid response time within a minute. The results also revealed that varying PEG content showed a significant effect on response time compared to varying the THY content. Real-time visual color changes of the PLA pH film with different THY content and PEG content on total color difference, (∆E) values over pH and time were observed. Color changes after immersion in buffer solutions with different pH values were evaluated spectrophotometrically using CIELAB color space. The results indicated that varying the PEG content in the film leads to a faster and more distinct reversible color change. This outcome can be attributed to PEG ability to augment the free volume within the PLA material and enabling PEG and the dye and become trapped between PLA chain. The addition of PEG and THY has improved the flexibility of PLA film, which enables great potential in many applications such as medical, textile, and packaging in base environments.
Revealing Chaos Synchronization Below the Threshold in Coupled Mackey–Glass Systems

This study presents a novel concept in chaos synchronization, delta synchronization of chaos, which reveals the presence of chaotic models evolving in unison even in the absence of generalized synchronization. Building upon an analysis of unpredictability in Poincaré chaos, we apply this approach to unilaterally coupled time-delay Mackey–Glass models. The main novelty of our investigation lies in unveiling the synchronization phenomenon for a coupling constant below the synchronization threshold, an unattainable domain for conservative methods. Furthermore, we rigorously examine the coexistence of generalized synchronization and complete synchronization of unpredictability, which is a special case of delta synchronization, above the threshold. Therefore, the threshold is no longer a requirement for the synchronization of chaos in view of the present results. Additionally, transitions to fully chaotic regimes are demonstrated via return maps, phase portraits, and a bifurcation diagram. The findings are substantiated by tables and novel numerical characteristics.
Evapotranspiration controls across spatial scales of heterogeneity

In semi‐arid regions where irrigation causes thermal surface heterogeneities, evapotranspiration is controlled not only by the land surface but also by the interaction between the surface and the atmospheric boundary layer. The spatial scale of heterogeneity impacts the processes that drive the diurnal variability of evapotranspiration. In this study, we combine data with a conceptual, coupled land–atmosphere model to study the drivers of evapotranspiration across spatial scales of heterogeneity for the Land Interactions with the Atmosphere in the Iberian Semi‐arid Environment (LIAISE) field campaign. We use a latent heat tendency equation as a diagnostic tool to quantify the contributions of various surface‐ and boundary‐layer driven processes on surface latent heat flux. We define the following spatial scales based on surface characteristics: regional, landscape, and local. We find that, at the regional and landscape scales ( >$$ > $$ 1 km), the feedback mechanisms between the surface fluxes and the resulting boundary‐layer dynamics enhance the daily latent heat flux by 64% to 77%. Conversely, at the local scale ( ∼$$ \sim $$ 100 m), surface‐driven processes are most important for governing evapotranspiration. At the local scale, we find that the energy stored at the surface enhances evaporation in the late afternoon, which could explain the observed time lag between net radiation and latent heat flux. Furthermore, the combined effects of entrainment at the boundary‐layer top and advection of heat and moisture enhance daily latent heat by 27% at the regional scale to 43% at the local scale. This analysis also has implications for the land‐surface modelling community. It suggests that properly reproducing evapotranspiration to capture the relevant processes depends on capacity of the model to resolve the interaction of scales in surface heterogeneous conditions.
Algebraic constructions of modular lattices

This thesis is dedicated to the constructions of modular lattices with algebraic methods. The goal is to develop new methods as well as constructing new lattices. There are three methods considered: construction from number fields, construction from totally definite quaternion algebras over number fields and construction from linear codes via generalized Construction A. The construction of Arakelov-modular lattices, which result in modular lattices, was first introduced in [6] for ideal lattices from cyclotomic fields. We generalize this construction to other number fields and also to totally definite quaternion algebras over number fields. We give the characterization of Arakelov-modular lattices over the maximal real subfield of a cyclotomic field with prime power degree and totally real Galois fields with odd degrees. Characterizations of Arakelov-modular lattices of trace type, which are special cases of Arakelovmodular lattices, are given for quadratic fields and maximal real subfields of cyclotomic fields with non-prime power degrees. Furthermore, we give the classification of Arakelov-modular lattices of level ` for ` a prime over totally definite quaternion algebras with base field the field of rationals. Construction A is a well studied method to obtain lattices from codes via quotient of different rings, such as rings of integers, in which case mostly cyclotomic number fields have been considered. In this thesis, we will study Construction A over all totally real and CM fields. Using Construction A, the intersection between a lattice constructed from a linear complementary dual (LCD) code and its dual lattice is investigated. This is an attempt to find an equivalent definition to LCD codes for lattices. Several new constructions of existing extremal lattices as well as a new extremal lattice are obtained from the above mentioned methods. The mathematical concepts used in this thesis mainly involve algebraic number theory, class field theory, non commutative algebra and coding theory.
Patterns of milking unit kick-off as a proxy for habituation to milking in primiparous cows

Graphical Abstract Summary: Habituation to the milking routine is a stressful process for primiparous cows, and animal reactions to new settings may represent a risk for both workers and cows. The objective of this study was to analyze the dynamics of milking unit kick-off (KO) behavior in primiparous (PRI) and multiparous (MUL) cows during the first 3 months of lactation. The odds of KO in PRI were higher than those of MUL during the entire monitoring period. The proportions of KO in PRI cows increased during the first week postpartum before decreasing after the first month of lactation, whereas KO in MUL remained stable during the whole monitoring period. Our results indicate that KO behavior in PRI cows persists over the course of the lactation, but the frequency of KO events declines after the first 30 days in milk.
Planar liquid jet: Early deformation and atomization cascades

The temporal evolution of three-dimensional instabilities on a planar liquid sheet segment is studied using direct numerical simulation, and the level-set and volume-of-fluid methods for the liquid-gas interface tracking. Three atomization cascades are distinguished at early breakup, which are well categorized on a gas Weber number (Weg) versus liquid Reynolds number (Rel) map. These atomization processes include lobe stretching that occurs at low Rel and low Weg, hole and bridge formation that occurs at moderate Rel and high Weg, and lobe corrugation occurring at high Rel and low Weg. Qualitative comparison between the sizes of the ligaments and droplets that result from each process is presented. A transitional region between the prescribed atomization domains is found. At high Rel, the transitional boundary is a constant Ohnesorge line defined based on gas We and liquid Re ( O h m ≡ W e g ∕ R e l ). At low Rel, the transitional region follows a hyperbolic line on the Weg–Rel plot. These atomization processes are qualitatively independent of the jet geometry—seen in both planar and round liquid jets. At a constant density ratio, characteristic times for the hole formation and for the lobe and ligament stretching are different—the former depending on surface tension and the latter on liquid viscosity. In the transitional region, both characteristic times are of the same order.The temporal evolution of three-dimensional instabilities on a planar liquid sheet segment is studied using direct numerical simulation, and the level-set and volume-of-fluid methods for the liquid-gas interface tracking. Three atomization cascades are distinguished at early breakup, which are well categorized on a gas Weber number (Weg) versus liquid Reynolds number (Rel) map. These atomization processes include lobe stretching that occurs at low Rel and low Weg, hole and bridge formation that occurs at moderate Rel and high Weg, and lobe corrugation occurring at high Rel and low Weg. Qualitative comparison between the sizes of the ligaments and droplets that result from each process is presented. A transitional region between the prescribed atomization domains is found. At high Rel, the transitional boundary is a constant Oh.
“I Should at Least Have the Feeling That It […] Really Comes from Within”: Professional Nursing Views on Assisted Suicide

Background: Due to a decision by the German Federal Constitutional Court of February 26, 2020, it is currently possible in Germany to avail of assisted suicide. The ruling has given rise to a controversial debate within the professional community as well as in society in general. Within this debate, little attention has been given to the role of nursing staff in assisted suicide. However, international studies show that nurses play an important role in assisted suicide. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the views and attitudes of nurses from different care settings in Germany toward assisted suicide. Design: A qualitative research design was chosen to capture the subjective experience of nursing staff on suicide assistance. This was analyzed using the grounded theory method. Methods: With the help of a semi-structured, narrative-generating interview guide, in which five case vignettes are integrated, 20 interviews were conducted with nursing professionals from different care settings throughout Germany. Results: The analyzed phenomenon shows that nursing professionals need to understand the desire to die for themselves. The individual life situation of the respective patient is decisive. The action strategy based on being able to tolerate the wish to die determines how intensively they want to be involved before, during, and after assisted suicide. For nurses, however, it is undisputed that it is their professional role to accompany the patient in their “existence” and thus also in the context of assisted suicide. Conclusion: In view of the future development of assisted suicide in Germany, it seems necessary to prepare nursing professionals for activities related to assisted suicide by means of a curricular offer. In addition, nursing professionals should be supported in forming their own attitude to the issue.
Assessment of diesel engine thermo-characteristics working with hybrid fuel blends

Abstract The objective of this study is to examine the impact of multifuel blends on combustion parameters of single-cylinder four-stroke direct injection diesel engines. Engine characteristics (performance, combustion, and emissions) are scanned under the following scenario: initially powered by regular diesel (DF), then 20% biodiesel derived from spirulina green algae. Afterward, 40% water ammonia solution (25% NH3) is used, followed by a hybrid blend (40% DF + 20% biodiesel + 40% NH4OH). Simulations are performed using Diesel-RK software. In contrast to diesel and biodiesel, aqueous ammonia solution has a longer delay period due to lower cetane number. In comparison with diesel, the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) is increased by 1.6%, 3.8% for biodiesel and NH4OH, while it is decreased by 13% for hybrid fuel. Peak values of pressure and temperature are reduced. All fuel blends under consideration had significant reductions in nitrogen oxides (NOx) and Bosch smoke number (BSN). Hybrid fuel reduced NOx emissions by 37% and BSN by 53.5% compared to DF. Compared to DF, there was a slight increase in brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) coupled with a decrease in thermal brake efficiency (BTE). The optimal fuel compromise for dual-fuel diesel engines is the usage of biodiesel and aqueous ammonia together (hybrid mode). There is an excellent convergence between these outcomes and those of other scientists.
Managerial Implications for Enhancing Working Motivation and Loyalty of Workers of Enterprises in Dong Nai Province

Purpose: The article aims to assess the factors affecting employees' work motivation and loyalty in enterprises in Dong Nai province. On that basis, the authors propose managerial implications to improve employees' work motivation and loyalty at enterprises in Dong Nai province. Theoretical framework: Motivation and loyalty is reflected in the employee's intention to stay with the organization for a long time, even when receiving a more attractive salary offer from other organizations. Work refers to the positive effects of work on each person, related to the challenges at work, the opportunity to develop personal abilities, and the enjoyment of doing the job. Design/Methodology/Approach: Quantitative method was carried out through direct interviews with 1000 workers using a questionnaire designed based on the results of the qualitative research step. The data were processed by SPSS 20.0 and Amos software. The reliability of the scales was tested using Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient, EFA exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural model analysis (SEM) in Dong Nai province from June 2022 to December 2022. Findings: The study's contribution is to identify the factors of corporate culture, social responsibility, and management capacity to promote work motivation and employee loyalty. Research, practical & social implications: Classical theories are used to study work motivation, add 3 factors, find out the remaining problems, and propose management implications to improve the work motivation of employees' activities soon. Originality/Value: The results are also scientific evidence and are essential for researchers and policymakers for businesses to apply research results to improve employee motivation and loyalty of employees.
Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Wireless Clock Synchronization for Indoor Substation

The intelligent revolution in substations desires wireless networks to provide high-precision timing services while ensuring clock synchronization among intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) to support the collaboration of time-sensitive grid applications, such as phasor measurement unit (PMU), saving the cost on disposing communication elements and timing elements for the IED separately. However, the unreliable nature of the wireless network in the indoor substation may give rise to the loss of timestamp packets, which plays a negative role in the clock synchronization accuracy. This paper constructs a novel intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided wireless clock synchronization framework to solve the aforementioned problem. First, an IRS-assisted incomplete observation clock synchronization model is established based on the two-way timestamp exchanging mechanism. Then quantitative analyses of the relationship between the reliability of the wireless channel and the steady-state clock synchronization estimation error covariance are given. In addition, we formulate a clock synchronization optimization problem to balance the system clock synchronization accuracy and fairness among IEDs. In the case of obtaining the Pareto fronts, the proposed clock synchronization framework outperforms the other representative methods, since IRS brings out more reliable transmission of timestamp packets when serving multiple IEDs.
Degenerate Codes and Capacities of Quantum Channels

Degenerate Codes and Capacities of Quantum Channels Tyler B. Jackson Advisor: University of Guelph, 2017 Dr. Bei Zeng No quantum system can be perfectly isolated from the environment and, as a result, no physical implementation of quantum information processing tasks can be completely free from noise. The best tool for combating such noise is the use of quantum error correcting codes (QECCs). The general requirements for QECCs have been documented for a while and yet construction of good codes and understanding their effect remains a difficult and active area of study. In this thesis I outline the work I have completed looking into both of these problems. My general technique throughout this work is to first reduce the problem space as much as possible through use of group theory. Then to use numerical methods and bring computational power to bear on the problem. In chapter 2, I investigate the construction of good codes for the amplitude damping channel, using the codeword stabilized quantum code(CWS) framework. Through an exhaustive search method many new codes with better parameters than previously known are found. In chapter 3, I continue constructing good codes for the amplitude damping channel, this time using code concatenation techniques to find results that would be unfeasible to find via an exhaustive search. Finally, chapter 4 broaches the difficult problem of determining if a quantum channel has capacity; the ultimate use of QECCs in a sense. Expanding on
The first systematic meteorological observations in the Americas (Recife, 1640-1642)

In 1639, the German naturalist Georg Marcgraf established the first astronomical observatory in the Americas, located in Recife (Brazil). There, he made the first daily systematic meteorological observations of wind direction, precipitation, fog, and thunder and lightning from 1640 to 1642. We outline the circumstances that led to this observatory being established and analyze the observations. The range of values obtained from all the variables recorded by Marcgraf corresponds well with Recife’s current climate. However, wetter than normal conditions were recorded during 1640, while anomalous concentrations of foggy days occurred from May to December 1641. We hypothesize that these anomalous record foggy days could be associated with the highly explosive eruptions of the Komagatake and Parker volcanoes, both in 1640.
Equivalent formulations of the Riemann hypothesis based on lines of constant phase

We prove the equivalence of three formulations of the Riemann hypothesis for functions f defined by the four assumptions: (a1) f satisfies the functional equation f(1 − s) = f(s) for the complex argument s ≡ σ + iτ, (a2) f is free of any pole, (a3) for large positive values of σ the phase θ of f increases in a monotonic way without a bound as τ increases, and (a4) the zeros of f as well as of the first derivative f ′ of f are simple zeros. The three equivalent formulations are: (R1) All zeros of f are located on the critical line σ = 1/2, (R2) All lines of constant phase of f corresponding to ± π , ± 2 π , ± 3 π , . merge with the critical line, and (R3) All points where f ′ vanishes are located on the critical line, and the phases of f at two consecutive zeros of f ′ differ by π. Our proof relies on the topology of the lines of constant phase of f dictated by complex analysis and the assumptions (a1)–(a4). Moreover, we show that (R2) implies (R1) even in the absence of (a4). In this case (a4) is a consequence of (R2).
Mental health and psychological distress among Covid-19 frontline workers

Covid-19 has caused significant distress around the globe. Apart from the evident physical symptoms in infected cases, it has caused serious damage to public mental health. The current research is an attempt to explore mental health and psychological distress of the Covid-19 frontline workers. One hundred and seventy-seven Covid frontline workers (88 male and 89 female) were asked to complete a questionnaire with questions about symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and mental health. The questionnaire included Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Bangla version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The results revealed that mental health was negatively correlated with stress, anxiety, and depression. Both male and female frontline workers reported mild to moderate levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Females reported significantly higher stress than males. However, frontline workers from different professions did not differ significantly on depression, anxiety, stress, and mental health. The findings point to develop strategy to support the mental health of frontline workers including designing psychological support and resilience-building interventions based on risk factors. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 32(2): 167-177, 2023 (July)
Association of D-Dimer, C-Reactive Protein, and Ferritin with COVID-19 Severity in Pregnant Women: Important Findings of a Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Brazil

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact on pregnant women due to the broad clinical spectrum of the disease. The present study investigated the profile of three biomarkers during hospital admission of pregnant women—D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin—and their correlation with the severity and outcome of COVID-19. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 226 pregnant women hospitalized in the city of Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil, from April 2020 to July 2021. Epidemiological and laboratory data were obtained from medical records, and all pregnant women underwent RT-PCR molecular testing for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Results: In total, 121 (53.5%) were positive and 105 (46.5%) were negative for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR. Most pregnant women (49.5%) with COVID-19 were between 26 and 34 years old, were residing in the interior of the state of Pará (51.2%), and were in the third gestational trimester (71.9%). In addition, 71.1% of them were admitted to the ward and 28.9% were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), with 90.9% surviving COVID-19. The concentrations of D-dimer (p = 0.0122) and ferritin (p ≤ 0.0001) were significantly higher among pregnant women with COVID-19, especially among those hospitalized in the ICU. Conclusion: Ferritin and D-dimer seem to serve as important biomarkers for the prognosis of COVID-19 in pregnant women, which was not observed for CRP.