Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship Of Burnout with Screen Time In Under Graduate Medical Students

Introduction: Burnout, in the context of medical education, is a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion, often accompanied by a diminished sense of personal accomplishment. Burnout may adversely affect the well-being and motivation of medical students consequently resulting in compromised academic performance. Aim and Objectives: The present study aims to explore the correlation of screen time with burnout and its subtypes including overload, neglect and lack of development. Place and Duration of Study: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at Shifa College of Medicine from September 2019-February 2021. Material & Methods: The present study included a total of 284 students from the first year to the final year using convenience purposive sampling. The students who provided written informed consent were enrolled in the study.These participants completed a structured questionnaire, which included various demographic variables and information regarding students' screen time, specifically for academic purposes and leisure activities. To evaluate burnout, the study utilized the "Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire" (BCSQ), which has been adapted for student use (BCSQ-12- SS). The data was entered & analyzed using SPSS version 23, a p-value of ? 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of participants of the study was 20.56±1.73 years. The correlation analysis showed a significant correlation of neglect, lack of development and total burnout score with screen time for non-educational purposes in medical students with a p-value of 0.022, 0.009 and 0.009 respectively. Screen time for educational purposes hada significant correlation with the overload domain of burnout; r=0.157 (p=0.039). Students with self-perception of bad health had a significant correlation of screen time for non-educational purposes with total burnout score; r=0.234(p=0.04). Scores of total burnout and subtypes of overload, neglect and lack of development were significantly lower in students with self-perception of good health. Conclusion: The present study reveals a significant correlation between screen time among medical students and burnout, highlighting the potential impact on both physical and mental health.
Demographics and Real Interest Rates Across Countries and Over Time

We explore the implications of demographic trends for the evolution of real interest rates across countries and over time. To that end, we develop a tractable three-country general equilibrium model with imperfect capital mobility and country-specific demographic trends. We calibrate the model to study how low-frequency movements in a country's real interest rate depend on its own and other countries' demographic factors, given a certain degree of financial integration. The more financially integrated a country is, the higher the sensitivity of its real interest rate to global developments is, and the less its own real rate determinants matter. We then estimate panel error correction models relating real interest rates to many of its possible determinants-demographics included-imposing some restrictions motivated by lessons from our structure model. Results corroborate the importance of accounting for time-varying financial integration, and show global factors and life expectancy are relevant determinants of real interest rates.
Sweet Robot O’Mine - How a Cheerful Robot Boosts Users’ Performance in a Game Scenario

The ability to impact the attitudes and behaviours of others is a key aspect of human-human interaction. The same capability is a desideratum in human-robot interaction when it can have an impact on healthy behaviours. The robot’s interaction style plays a significant role in achieving effective communication, leading to better outcomes, improved user experience, and overall enhanced robot performance. Nonetheless, little is known about how different robots’ communication styles impact users’ performance and decision-making. In this article, we build upon previous work, in which a robot was endowed with two personality behavioural patterns: one more antagonist and other-comparative and the other one more agreeable and self-comparative. We conducted a user study where N = 66 participants played a game with a robot displaying the two multimodal communication styles. Our results indicated that i) participants’ decision-making was not influenced by the designed robot’s communication styles, ii) participants who interacted with the agreeable robot performed better in the game, and iii) the more participants are knowledgeable about robots, the lower they performed in the game.
Perceived Neighborhood Disorder, Self-Esteem, and the Moderating Role of Religion

A growing body of work links neighborhood conditions—and particularly perceived neighborhood disorder—with diverse aspects of psychosocial functioning, including self-esteem or the global moral self-worth of the individual. Our work augments this literature by investigating the possible roles of (a) organizational religiosity (i.e., religious attendance, religious support), (b) non-organizational religiosity (i.e., prayer and religious coping practices), and (c) the sense of divine control as potential stress in mitigating the deleterious effects of neighborhood disorder on self-esteem. Data from the Nashville Stress and Health Study (NSAHS, 2011–2014) are used to test a series of hypotheses regarding the possible stress-buffering effects of multiple religious domains. Findings from multivariable regression models indicate that: (a) perceived neighborhood disorder is inversely associated with self-esteem; (b) non-organizational religiosity and the sense of divine control each mitigate this pattern; and, interestingly, (c) organizational religiosity does not buffer the association between neighborhood disorder and self-esteem. Several study limitations, as well as a number of promising directions for future research, are identified.
Effects of driverless vehicles – Comparing simulations to get a broader picture

Driverless vehicles have the potential to significantly affect the transport system, society, and environment. However, there are still many unanswered questions regarding what the development will look like, and there are several contradictory forces. This paper addresses the effects of driverless vehicles by combining the results from 26 simulation studies. Each simulation study focuses on a particular case, e.g. a certain mobility concept or geographical region. By combining and analysing the results from the 26 simulation studies, an overall picture of the effects of driverless vehicles is presented. In the paper, the following perspectives are considered: what types of application of driverless vehicles have been studied in literature; what effects these simulation studies predict; and what research gaps still exist related to the effects of driverless vehicles. The analysis shows that it is primarily driverless taxi applications in urban areas that have been studied. Some parameters, such as trip cost and waiting time, show small variations between the simulation studies. Other parameters, such as vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT), show larger variations and depend heavily on the assumptions concerning value of time and level of sharing. To increase the understanding of system level effects of driverless vehicles, simulations of more complex applications and aspects such as land use, congestion and energy consumption are considered.
Nucleation Mechanism and Rupture Dynamics of Laboratory Earthquakes at Different Loading Rates

The loading rate of tectonic stress is not constant during long-term geotectonic activity and significantly affects the earthquake nucleation and fault rupture process. However, the mechanism underlying the loading rate effect is still unclear. In this study, we conducted a series of experiments to explore the effect of the loading rate on earthquake nucleation and stick–slip characteristics. Through lab experiments, faults were biaxially loaded at varying rates to produce a series of earthquakes (stick–slip events). Both shear strain and fault displacement were monitored during these events. The findings indicate a substantial effect of the loading rate on the recurrence interval and the shear stress drop of these stick–slip events, with the recurrence interval inversely proportional to the loading rate. The peak friction of the fault also decreases with the increasing loading rate. Notably, prior to the dynamic rupture of earthquakes, there exists a stable nucleation phase where slip occurs in a quasi-static manner. The critical nucleation length, or the distance required before the dynamic rupture, diminishes with both the loading rate and normal stress. A theoretical model is introduced to rationalize these observations. However, the rupture velocity of these lab-simulated earthquakes showed no significant correlation with the loading rate. Overall, this study enhanced our comprehension of earthquake nucleation and rupture dynamics in diverse tectonic settings.
Effects of taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] slices on nutritional quality, sensory quality, and shelf life of Chinese pickled and steamed pork belly

This study aimed to investigate the influence of different ratios of taro slices (TS) on the nutritional quality, sensory quality, and shelf life of Chinese pickled and steamed pork belly (CPSPB). The study examined various aspects of CPSPB, including its proximate components, fat oxidation, fatty acid composition, protein hydrolysis, oxidation reaction, and induction period (IP). Additionally, the sensory quality and texture analysis were compared simultaneously. The results showed that the addition of TS to CPSPB significantly improved water and lipid loss (p < 0.05), increased the unsaturated/saturated ratio of fatty acids, and reduced lipid and protein oxidation. Additionally, the incorporation of TS extended the IP and enhanced the shelf life of CPSPB. Particularly, the addition of a specific amount of TS (60%) to CPSPB resulted in the highest organoleptic quality. Therefore, these results emphasize the positive impact of TS on the overall quality of CPSPB, highlighting its potential to enhance the nutritional value, sensory attributes, and shelf life.
Health care of the disadvantaged: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in later life

Introduction Chronic diseases have emerged as the foremost causes of death and disability worldwide. This article employs an ethnographic approach to conduct a gerontological investigation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the third leading cause of global mortality, trailing only cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Methods This study is rooted in an extensive amalgamation of biomedical literature and official epidemiological data. Additionally, it offers enriched insights through an extensive ethnographic research methodology, encompassing ethnographic fieldwork, participant observation, interviews, and focus groups. Results The findings expound that individuals grappling with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease often undergo intricate cognitive and emotional experiences, necessitating holistic solutions that consider psychological processes, contextual factors, and subjective age. These challenges extend beyond the purview of a purely medical perspective. Conclusion This article concludes that the lens of gerontology is invaluable in comprehending chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, particularly due to its association with old age and increased longevity. Among older individuals, diagnosing the condition presents a formidable challenge. Breathlessness, a cardinal symptom, often overlaps with normal age-related declines in pulmonary function, rendering COPD’s insidious onset misconstrued as a consequence of aging-related changes.
An Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial and Biological Studies of Pulicaria crispa as a Graze Promising Shrub

Due to the global issue of antimicrobial resistance, one of the most significant challenges in microbiological research is to develop a replacement antibiotic with minimal adverse effects. The wild shrub Pulicaria crispa (gethgath) has been traditionally used for camel and ruminant grazing. While prior research has demonstrated its antimicrobial properties against human diseases, no investigations have been conducted on its efficacy against animal pathogens. The objective of this study is to explore the ethnobotanical, phytochemical, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activity of Pulicaria crispa aqueous and solvent extracts against a range of standard and animal pathogens. All of the extracts demonstrated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, containing bioactive compounds. Notably, the ethyl acetate extract of P. crispa exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity against tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The chloroform fraction displayed the highest antioxidant activity. Additionally, the ethyl acetate fraction showed promising anticancer activity against breast (MCF-7) and lung (A549) cancer cells. These findings confirm that Pulicaria crispa is a valuable shrub with potential applications as a natural alternative for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer treatments in both human and veterinary medicine.
A replicated 3000 yr proxy‐climate record from Coom Rigg Moss and Felecia Moss, the Border Mires, northern England

Quantitative plant macrofossil and colorimetric humification analyses have been used to reconstruct proxy-climate from two paired ombrotrophic bogs in northern England (Coom Rigg Moss and Felecia Moss). Detrended correspondence analysis was used to transform the raw floral data into indices of mire surface wetness. The chronology of each peat profile was determined by radiocarbon assay, supported by pollen correlations. Palaeoclimatic reconstructions have been made by linking documented historical changes in climate, and other proxy-climate records, to those inferred from the sites investigated in the study region. Both sites contain a sensitive palaeoclimatic record, as ten periods of increased effective precipitation have been detected between ca. cal. ad 1770–1800, ad 1400–1470, ad 1110–1260, ad 920–1060, ad 550–670, ad 210–360, 30 bc to ad 80, 180–130 bc, 590–520 bc and 760–710 bc. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is the Urinary and Gut Microbiome Associated With Bladder Cancer?

Background: Microbiome dysbiosis plays a role in the pathogenesis of many urological diseases, including bladder cancer (BC). The aim of the study was to compare the urinary and gut microbiota of patients with BC with a healthy control (HC) group. Methods: The study group included patients hospitalized in 2020 to 2021 with diagnosed BC and HC. Prior to the transurethral resection of bladder tumor, patients collected their urine and stool which was then subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: Overall, 25 patients were enrolled in the study: 18 in the BC group and 7 in the HC group. Analysis of the urine and stool microbiome showed no statistically significant differences between patients with BC and HC in alpha diversity, beta diversity, and difference in taxa relative abundance. Detailed analysis of urine and stool microbiome depending on patient- and tumor-related characteristics also showed no statistically significant differences in alpha diversity and beta diversity. Differences in abundance (ANCOM) were noted in both types of samples in patients with BC. In the urine test, genus Lactobacillus was more common in patients with a positive history of Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) therapy, while genus Howardella and the strain Streptococcus anginosus were more common in women. In stool samples, abundance of phylum Desulfobacterota was most abundant in Grade G1 and least in G2. Class Alphaproteobacteria, order Rhodospirillales, order Flavobacteriales, and family Flavobacteriaceae were more common in women. Conclusions: The microbiome of urine and stool of patients with BC does not differ significantly from that of HC; however, its composition in patients with BC varies according to the patient’s sex.
Performance of Narrow Strips of Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) and Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) as Barriers against Runoff and Soil Loss on a Clay Loam Soil in Kenya

In this study runoff plots were used to investigate the performance of narrow strips of Vetiver and Napier grass as barriers against runoff and soil loss on a clay loam soil at Egerton University, Kenya, between January 2000 and August 2001. A total of nine runoff plots, each measuring 16 m long by 2 m wide were used. The study site had an average slope of 8% and the grass strips were located at the lower end of the plots. The experiment was a randomised complete block design having three blocks with Napier grass strip, Vetiver grass strip and no grass strip (control) as treatments. Compared with the control the runoff from the Napier and Vetiver grass strip plots averaged 46% and 88% (runoff reduction of 54% and 12%) respectively, while the soil loss from the plots averaged 8% and 52% (soil loss reduction of 92% and 48%) respectively. Compared with the control the deposition of soil sediment along Napier and Vetiver grass strips was significantly higher at the end of the study period. The growth rate in width and height of Napier grass strip was 78% and 36% respectively, higher than that of Vetiver grass. Napier grass was more effective in reducing runoff and soil loss under the conditions of the study due to its faster growth rate.
Biological Control of Botryosphaeria Dieback of Grapevines in British Columbia, Canada

Background and goals Botryosphaeria dieback is a grapevine trunk disease responsible for significant economic losses to grape producers worldwide. There are currently no products registered in Canada to control grapevine trunk diseases, and sustainable production has become a focus of the Canadian grape and wine industry. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to evaluate locally sourced Trichoderma spp. as biocontrol of Botryosphaeria dieback fungi in the field, to compare Trichoderma spp. against commercial products registered in other countries, and to determine optimum temperatures for conidial germination of Trichoderma spp. found in British Columbia (BC).
Exploring the Detection of Cl− Penetration in Portland Cement Mortars via Surface Electrical Resistivity

Surface electrical resistivity is a non-destructive technique that is sensitive to the microstructure of hydrated cement paste and the chemical composition of the pore solution in cement-based materials. In this study, a Wenner array was used to measure changes in mortar resistivity due to chloride ion diffusion as a function of electrode separation. Specimens were made from four mortar mixtures: 100% Ordinary Portland cement and 60% cement + 40% fly ash at two water/binder ratios of 0.55 and 0.40. The specimens were subjected to unidirectional chloride ion diffusion in a 2.8 M NaCl solution for 175 days. To determine the chloride penetration depth, three methods were used: silver nitrate spraying, chloride concentration profiles via potentiometric titration, and chloride concentration profiles via inversion of the resistivity data using the RES1D software (version 1.00.09 Beta). The results showed a linear relationship between the chloride ion penetration depth obtained via inversion of the surface electrical resistivity data versus the penetration depth from colorimetry and from chloride concentration profiling (both with R2 = 0.8612). Chloride penetration changed the conductivity of the pore solution; therefore, the resistivity decreased when increasing both the chloride concentration and the penetration depth. Inversion of surface resistivity data obtained with a Wenner array permitted non-destructive determination of chloride penetration. However, these results were obtained under laboratory environmental conditions and other scenarios must be addressed for wider applications.
Serological Evidence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Brazilian Equines

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has been demonstrated in various animal species; those recognized as potential zoonotic reservoirs pose a considerable risk to public health. In Brazil, HEV-3 is the only genotype identified in humans and swine nationwide, in a colony-breeding cynomolgus monkey and, recently, in bovines and capybara. There is no information regarding HEV exposure in the equine population in Brazil. This study aimed to investigate anti-HEV antibodies and viral RNA in serum samples from horses slaughtered for meat export and those bred for sport/reproduction purposes. We used a commercially available ELISA kit modified to detect species-specific anti-HEV, using an anti-horse IgG-peroxidase conjugate and evaluating different cutoff formulas and assay precision. Serum samples (n = 257) were tested for anti-HEV IgG and HEV RNA by nested RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. The overall anti-HEV seroprevalence was 26.5% (68/257) without the detection of HEV RNA. Most municipalities (53.3%) and farms (58.8%) had positive horses. Animals slaughtered for human consumption had higher risk of HEV exposure (45.5%) than those bred for sports or reproduction (6.4%) (p < 0.0001). The statistical analysis revealed sex and breeding system as possible risk-associated factors. The first serological evidence of HEV circulation in Brazilian equines reinforces the need for the surveillance of HEV host expansion in a one-health approach.
Exploring the Entropy Complex Networks with Latent Interaction

In the present work, we study the introduction of a latent interaction index, examining its impact on the formation and development of complex networks. This index takes into account both observed and unobserved heterogeneity per node in order to overcome the limitations of traditional compositional similarity indices, particularly when dealing with large networks comprising numerous nodes. In this way, it effectively captures specific information about participating nodes while mitigating estimation problems based on network structures. Furthermore, we develop a Shannon-type entropy function to characterize the density of networks and establish optimal bounds for this estimation by leveraging the network topology. Additionally, we demonstrate some asymptotic properties of pointwise estimation using this function. Through this approach, we analyze the compositional structural dynamics, providing valuable insights into the complex interactions within the network. Our proposed method offers a promising tool for studying and understanding the intricate relationships within complex networks and their implications under parameter specification. We perform simulations and comparisons with the formation of Erdös–Rényi and Barabási–Alber-type networks and Erdös–Rényi and Shannon-type entropy. Finally, we apply our models to the detection of microbial communities.
Procurement Planning & the Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC)

This study analysed the effect of procurement planning on the performance of public institutions using the case illustration of the Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC). The RBC is one of the public institutions in Rwanda with a mandate to promote health in the country. However, the institution has been marred by poor procurement practices. For example, the Auditor General’s report (2015) indicated some inconsistencies in the procurement process at the RBC. Likewise, a national daily, the _New Times_, reported that RBC was the least performer. In light of these, the study set out to achieve four main objectives: to examine the significance of a proper needs assessment on RBC’s performance; establish the effect of procurement cost estimation on RBC’s performance; assess the effect of quality specification of goods on RBC’s performance; and establish the strategies for addressing the challenges faced in the procurement planning practices at RBC.