Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-world walking cadence in people with COPD

Introduction The clinical validity of real-world walking cadence in people with COPD is unsettled. Our objective was to assess the levels, variability and association with clinically relevant COPD characteristics and outcomes of real-world walking cadence. Methods We assessed walking cadence (steps per minute during walking bouts longer than 10 s) from 7 days’ accelerometer data in 593 individuals with COPD from five European countries, and clinical and functional characteristics from validated questionnaires and standardised tests. Severe exacerbations during a 12-month follow-up were recorded from patient reports and medical registries. Results Participants were mostly male (80%) and had mean±sd age of 68±8 years, post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 57±19% predicted and walked 6880±3926 steps·day−1. Mean walking cadence was 88±9 steps·min−1, followed a normal distribution and was highly stable within-person (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.92, 95% CI 0.90–0.93). After adjusting for age, sex, height and number of walking bouts in fractional polynomial or linear regressions, walking cadence was positively associated with FEV1, 6-min walk distance, physical activity (steps·day−1, time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, vector magnitude units, walking time, intensity during locomotion), physical activity experience and health-related quality of life and negatively associated with breathlessness and depression (all p<0.05). These associations remained after further adjustment for daily steps. In negative binomial regression adjusted for multiple confounders, walking cadence related to lower number of severe exacerbations during follow-up (incidence rate ratio 0.94 per step·min−1, 95% CI 0.91–0.99, p=0.009). Conclusions Higher real-world walking cadence is associated with better COPD status and lower severe exacerbations risk, which makes it attractive as a future prognostic marker and clinical outcome.
Maternal–Infant Factors in Relation to Extracellular Vesicle and Particle miRNA in Prenatal Plasma and in Postpartum Human Milk

MicroRNAs (miRNA) in extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) in maternal circulation during pregnancy and in human milk postpartum are hypothesized to facilitate maternal–offspring communication via epigenetic regulation. However, factors influencing maternal EVP miRNA profiles during these two critical developmental windows remain largely unknown. In a pilot study of 54 mother–child dyads in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, we profiled 798 EVP miRNAs, using the NanoString nCounter platform, in paired maternal second-trimester plasma and mature (6-week) milk samples. In adjusted models, total EVP miRNA counts were lower for plasma samples collected in the afternoon compared with the morning (p = 0.024). Infant age at sample collection was inversely associated with total miRNA counts in human milk EVPs (p = 0.040). Milk EVP miRNA counts were also lower among participants who were multiparous after delivery (p = 0.047), had a pre-pregnancy BMI > 25 kg/m2 (p = 0.037), or delivered their baby via cesarean section (p = 0.021). In post hoc analyses, we also identified 22 specific EVP miRNA that were lower among participants who delivered their baby via cesarean section (Q < 0.05). Target genes of delivery mode-associated miRNAs were over-represented in pathways related to satiety signaling in infants (e.g., CCKR signaling) and mammary gland development and lactation (e.g., FGF signaling, EGF receptor signaling). In conclusion, we identified several key factors that may influence maternal EVP miRNA composition during two critical developmental windows, which should be considered in future studies investigating EVP miRNA roles in maternal and child health.
Novel Vitamin D3 Hydroxymetabolites Require Involvement of the Vitamin D Receptor or Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptors for Their Antifibrogenic Activities in Human Fibroblasts

We investigated multiple signaling pathways activated by CYP11A1-derived vitamin D3 hydroxymetabolites in human skin fibroblasts by assessing the actions of these molecules on their cognate receptors and by investigating the role of CYP27B1 in their biological activities. The actions of 20(OH)D3, 20,23(OH)2D3, 1,20(OH)2D3 and 1,20,23(OH)3D3 were compared to those of classical 1,25(OH)2D3. This was undertaken using wild type (WT) fibroblasts, as well as cells with VDR, RORs, or CYP27B1 genes knocked down with siRNA. Vitamin D3 hydroxymetabolites had an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of WT cells, but this effect was abrogated in cells with silenced VDR or RORs. The collagen expression by WT cells was reduced upon secosteroid treatment. This effect was reversed in cells where VDR or RORs were knocked down where the inhibition of collagen production and the expression of anti-fibrotic genes in response to the hydroxymetabolites was abrogated, along with ablation of their anti-inflammatory action. The knockdown of CYP27B1 did not change the effect of either 20(OH)D3 or 20,23(OH)2D3, indicating that their actions are independent of 1α-hydroxylation. In conclusion, the expression of the VDR and/or RORα/γ receptors in fibroblasts is necessary for the inhibition of both the proliferation and fibrogenic activity of hydroxymetabolites of vitamin D3, while CYP27B1 is not required.
N-Glycan Profiles of Neuraminidase from Avian Influenza Viruses

The cleavage of sialic acids by neuraminidase (NA) facilitates the spread of influenza A virus (IV) descendants. Understanding the enzymatic activity of NA aids research into the transmission of IVs. An effective method for purifying NA was developed using p-aminophenyloxamic acid-modified functionalized hydroxylated magnetic particles (AAMPs), and from 0.299 to 0.401 mg of NA from eight IV strains was isolated by 1 mg AAMP. A combination of lectin microarrays and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS was employed to investigate the N-glycans of isolated NAs. We found that more than 20 N-glycans were identified, and 16 glycan peaks were identical in the strains derived from chicken embryo cultivation. Multi-antennae, bisected, or core-fucosylated N-glycans are common in all the NAs. The terminal residues of N-glycans are predominantly composed of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues. Meanwhile, sialic acid residue was uncommon in these N-glycans. Further computational docking analysis predicted the interaction mechanism between NA and p-aminophenyloxamic acid.
Seven insecure academic conditions for students as a basis for implementing teacher professional learning

Student academic performance as a measure of future success. Students who can develop academic performance in the classroom and outside the school are a big part of the success process. However, some children have academic insecurity problems that impact academic performance and may influence future success. Professional teachers must be able to analyze students in this condition. This research aims to analyze students' educational insecurity conditions using seven indicators—a quantitative study with a survey with random sampling on 521 students at school. The academic insecurity scale distributed to students randomly was analyzed through percentages and standard deviations with four categories: very high, high, low, and very low. The results of the research show that the average student's insecure academic condition is in a standard category on seven indicators: students do not want to get out of their comfort zone, like to compare themselves with other individuals, look down on themselves, have to get praise and recognition from other individuals, avoid interaction with the surrounding environment, experiencing failure, and lack of gratitude. Then, 54% of students have an insecure academic condition in the low category and 14% in the shallow category. Academic insecurity is also in the high category at 29% and very high at 3%. The high and very high categories require significant attention from schools and teachers at schools with exceptional handling. Professional teachers must be able to implement fair and enjoyable learning to prevent gaps who experience academic insecurity because they do not receive proper appreciation in the teaching.
Two New Steroidal Saponins from Solanum procumbens

Two new steroidal saponins, solaprocumosides A (1) and B (2), and a known compound paniculonin B (3) were isolated from the aerial parts of Solanum procumbens. Their chemical structures were determined by analysis of HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectra. Compound 1 had ketone functional groups at C-16 and C-22 of sterol skeleton which is rarely found in nature. Meanwhile, compound 2 could be form by oxidative breakdown C-20/C-22 bonding of a furostane-type saponin. Compounds 1–3 showed weak cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell line with IC50 values of 55.7 ± 1.5, 48.1 ± 2.2, and 78.3 ± 2.4 μM, respectively.
Origin of nearside structural and geochemical anomalies on the Moon

Mare basalts cover much of the Earth-facing side of the Moon. The underlying cause for this distribution has been attributed to an ancient nearside megabasin, asymmetric accretion, and differential tidal effects. While each hypothesis is plausible, the hypothesis for a megabasin also accounts for a subconcentric and radial system of graben and ridges that centers on a region southwest of Imbrium basin. Moreover, such a nearside megabasin could account for the distribution of nearside geochemical anomalies related to localized igneous intrusions. The farside South Pole–Aitken basin, however, is a well-established impact megabasin exceeding 2200 km in diameter. Here, we propose an oblique collision scenario for this basin on the farside that would have created the initial conditions for localized deep-seated and long-lasting weaknesses on the nearside. Laboratory and computational experiments demonstrate that a large oblique collision generates asymmetric shock waves that converge in a region offset from the basin-center antipode. The resulting damage would have provided pathways for deep magma to reach shallow reservoirs. *Peter_Schultz@Brown.edu Schultz, P.H. , and Crawford, D.A. , 2011, Origin of nearside structural and geochemical anomalies on the Moon, in Ambrose, W.A. , and Williams, D.A. , eds., Recent Advances and Current Research Issues in Lunar Stratigraphy: Geological Society of America Special Paper 477, p. 141–159, doi:10.1130/2011.2477(07). For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety.org. © 2011 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION In 1981, Whitaker proposed that a large and ancient impact basin was responsible for a system of radial and concentric ridges and graben, as well as the distribution of mare basalts of Oceanus Procellarum (Whitaker, 1981; Byrne, 2007) as illustrated in Figure 1A. This basin (called the “Procellarum basin”) has been frequently cited to account for the localization of high-Th values with enhanced concentrations of KREEP (i.e., potassium, K; rare earth elements, REE; and phosphorus, P) on the lunar surface (e.g., Wilhelms, 1987; Haskin, 1998; Korotev, 2000). Preserved geophysical evidence for such a large impact, however, appears to be absent, perhaps due to subsequent isostatic adjustment (Neumann et al., 1996). Nevertheless, models of the derived gravity fi eld reveal that there is a pronounced linear gravity anomaly extending southeastward from near the Aristarchus Plateau (Konopliv et al., 1998; Namiki et al., 2009). The Airy model described by Konopliv et al. (1998) concluded that signifi cant lateral variations in density (Pratt model) were needed in order to account for the anomaly. The absence of tectonic systems (e.g., graben) and widespread maria on the lunar farside is as enigmatic as is their presence on the nearside. The underlying cause for the widespread localization of maria, structural patterns, and geochemical on April 13, 2015 specialpapers.gsapubs. org Downloaded from
Fraud Pentagon Analysis in Preventing Academic Fraud during Online Learning in the COVID-19 Period

Students have more opportunities to commit academic fraud on online learning during the COVID-19 period. The purposes of this study are to examine the types of possible academic fraud during online learning, the motives of fraud using pentagon theory, and to provide some important recommendations for higher educationin fraud prevention. The data collection methods are questionnaires and interviews with students and lecturers at a private university in Indonesia. In addition, the data analysis is qualitative and descriptive statistical analyses. The results of this study indicate that academic fraud such as cheating, seeking help, plagiarism, and collusion occurs during online learning process. Pressure, opportunity, rationalization and arrogance are four important factors that cause academic fraud. The prevention of fraud can be through building awareness on integrity and ethical values, implementing rules and strong punishment system, building close relationship with students, improving the methods of learning and assessment, and improving internal controls.
Examining the moderating effect of perceived risk from particulate matter on outdoor sports participants: a theory of planned behavior perspective

Purpose This study, drawing from the theoretical framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), examines the structural relationship among attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and behavioral intention. The study focuses on investigating how the perceived risk associated with particulate matter moderates the relationships between “attitudes and behavioral intention,” “subjective norms and behavioral intention,” and “PBC and behavioral intention” within the context of individuals engaged in outdoor sports. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected from outdoor sports gatherings facilitated through a popular South Korean sports meetup application. Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to establish the construct validity of the measurement scale, assess factor loadings, averaged variance extracted (AVE), and construct reliability (CR). We also ensured the reliability of the measurement scale through Cronbach’s α analysis. To achieve our research objectives, we utilized structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation to examine the positive relationships under investigation. Additionally, we performed moderation analysis using the statistical software Jamovi. Findings The findings demonstrate the significant impacts of attitudes, subjective norms, and PBC on behavioral intention and reveal that perceived risk acts as a moderator, influencing the relationship between PBC and behavioral intention.
Human mtDNA-Encoded Long ncRNAs: Knotty Molecules and Complex Functions

Until a few decades ago, most of our knowledge of RNA transcription products was focused on protein-coding sequences, which were later determined to make up the smallest portion of the mammalian genome. Since 2002, we have learnt a great deal about the intriguing world of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly due to the rapid development of bioinformatic tools and next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms. Moreover, interest in non-human ncRNAs and their functions has increased as a result of these technologies and the accessibility of complete genome sequences of species ranging from Archaea to primates. Despite not producing proteins, ncRNAs constitute a vast family of RNA molecules that serve a number of regulatory roles and are essential for cellular physiology and pathology. This review focuses on a subgroup of human ncRNAs, namely mtDNA-encoded long non-coding RNAs (mt-lncRNAs), which are transcribed from the mitochondrial genome and whose disparate localisations and functions are linked as much to mitochondrial metabolism as to cellular physiology and pathology.
A Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of the Non-Hematophagous Leech Whitmania pigra (Whitman 1884): Identification and Expression Analysis of Antithrombotic Genes

Despite being a non-hematophagous leech, Whitmania pigra is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of antithrombotic diseases. In this study, we provide a high quality genome of W. pigra and based on which, we performed a systematic identification of the potential antithrombotic genes and their corresponding proteins. We identified twenty antithrombotic gene families including thirteen coagulation inhibitors, three platelet aggregation inhibitors, three fibrinolysis enhancers, and one tissue penetration enhancer. Unexpectedly, a total of 79 antithrombotic genes were identified, more than a typical blood-feeding Hirudinaria manillensis, which had only 72 antithrombotic genes. In addition, combining with the RNA-seq data of W. pigra and H. manillensis, we calculated the expression levels of antithrombotic genes of the two species. Five and four gene families had significantly higher and lower expression levels in W. pigra than in H. manillensis, respectively. These results showed that the number and expression level of antithrombotic genes of a non-hematophagous leech are not always less than those of a hematophagous leech. Our study provides the most comprehensive collection of antithrombotic biomacromolecules from a non-hematophagous leech to date and will significantly enhance the investigation and utilization of leech derivatives in thrombosis therapy research and pharmaceutical applications.
Gender variations favouring female students with disabilities in perceived benefits of physical activities and sports participation

Physical education is known to be the only subject taught at school that offers pupils the experience of dealing with the limits and opportunities of their physical abilities as schools serve as crucial avenues that help provide greater chances to improve their health to be physically fit and active, and also gain knowledge, skills, and attitudes in sports and physical activities. Researchers have not only considered physical activities and sports participation to be crucial in preventing obesity and other related weight health risks but also help improve and sustain students with disabilities' psychosocial, cognitive, and physical growth. Despite these benefits, students with disabilities most often rarely participate in physical activities and sports, unlike those students without disabilities. This study, therefore investigated the perceived benefits of physical activities and sports participation from the perspectives of male and female students with disabilities. A cross-sectional survey was adopted to collect quantitative data from 194 students using purposive and simple random sampling techniques from three special schools to respond to a questionnaire. Through the use of descriptive statistics, students with disabilities perceived benefits of physical activities and sports were found to be positive, and an independent-sample t-test was used to establish a statistically significant difference between male and female students favouring the latter. The implications of this study for policy, decision making, and researchers are discussed in detail.
The Retirement Consumption Puzzle Effect in Indonesia: Evidence from IFLS 4 and 5

Introduction/Main Objectives: This study aims to see whether the retirement consumption puzzle occurs in Indonesia. The retirement consumption puzzle refers to when there is a decline in consumption in retirement which is not in line with the life-cycle hypothesis. Background Problems: Previous studies have revealed that consump­tion shifts when entering retirement due to efficient spending. This research analyzes the consumption pattern of the Indonesian elderly peculiarly in the frame of the retirement consumption puzzle. Novelty: There is a lack of studies on the effect of retirement on consumption by Indonesian retirees and prior research has focused on the impact of retirement on household expenditure. Research Methods: This study uses data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 4 and 5 from the years 2007 and 2014. It uses panel data and the total sample is 2,556. It also uses the difference in differences (DiD) method to see whether the change in labor status toward retirement causes a decrease in consumption in households in Indonesia. Then, this study also uses the division of age categories as the robustness check. Finding/Results: The results of this study show that there is a retirement consumption puzzle in Indonesia indicated by a decrease of 19.9% in total expenditure per capita. Conclusion: The consumption decrease in retirement demons­trates that the government should consider pension funds and create social security programs to maintain the welfare of elderly people.
Anatomical Study of the Cardiac Veins and their Tributaries in Bovines (Bos indicus) in Comparison with Humans and Other Animal Species

E. Anatomical study of the cardiac veins and their tributaries in bovines ( Bos indicus ), in comparison with humans and other animal species. Int. J. Morphol. , 42(1) :52-58, 2024. SUMMARY: In bovines, anatomical observations of the coronary vascular tree describe qualitative characteristics. The objective of this study was to morphometrically characterize the coronary veins and their tributaries in cattle. An arcuate application with 2.0 silk was performed around the ostium of the coronary sinus of 28 bovine hearts and a number 14 catheter was placed, through which semi-synthetic polyester resin and mineral blue color was perfused. In 22 hearts (78.6 %) the great cardiac vein was originated at the cardiac apex. The configuration of the arteriovenous trigone was mainly closed inferior and superior types (50 %). The caliber of the great cardiac vein at the level of the atrioventricular sulcus was 6.7 +/- 1.2 mm. The origin of the left marginal vein was observed in the lower third of the left cardiac margin (53.6 %), its distal caliber was 4.1 +/- 0.8 mm and its drainage was at the level of the great cardiac vein. The middle cardiac vein originated from the cardiac apex in 78.6 % of the samples, emptied mainly into the coronary sinus (82.1 %) and its distal caliber was 4.7 +/- 0.9 mm. Anastomoses occurred in 28.6 % of the hearts, being found in most cases between the middle cardiac vein and the great cardiac vein (50 %), which was significant compared to other anastomoses (p<0.001). The length of the coronary sinus was 42.2 +/- 5.1 mm, its distal caliber was 13.8 +/- 2 mm, and its shape was cylindrical. Myocardial bridges were found in 3 hearts (10.7 %) mainly in the lower third of the middle cardiac vein (66.6 %). Most of the main coronary veins drained into the coronary sinus, with some cases with atypical outlets and the presence of a high percentage of anastomosis that serves to improve cardiac venous drainage in case of venous compression or obstruction.
The timing of growing season drought and its effects on above- and belowground production in a mesic grassland

ii Acknowledgments . iv Chapter 1: Introduction to Grassland Ecosystems and Drought . 1 Chapter 2: Drought Timing Determines Productivity Responses in a Mesic Grassland . 16 Chapter 3: Summary and Directions for Future Research . 58 Appendix . 66