Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Field efficacy of some new generation insecticides against maize aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis and its effect on yield

A field experiment was conducted at the Field Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensigh during Rabi season of 2017-18 to find out the efficacy of some new generation insecticides against maize aphid and its effects on yield. BARI Hybrid Butta-9 variety was used as experimental crop and four insecticides viz. Imidagold 20SL@ 0.1, 0.3 & 0.5 ml/L; Ambush 1.8 EC@ 1.5, 2.5 & 3.0 ml/L; Hadhak 45WP@ 0.2, 0.4 & 0.6 g/L and Suspend 5SG@ 0.5, 1.0 & 1.5 g/L were used as experimental treatments. Results clearly showed Imidagold 20SL resulted in the greatest reduction of aphid infestation and increased the grain yield compared to the all tested insecticides where the doses of 0.5 ml/L and 0.3 ml/L of this insecticide were statistically similar. Thereafter, the result was followed by Ambush 1.8 EC, Hadhak 45WP and Suspend 5SG, respectively, while the highest plant infestation, the lowest grain yield and the lowest benefit cost ratio were obtained from untreated control. Moreover, there had a positive and significant co-relation between percent reduction of plant infestation and yield increase. In addition, data also revealed that the use of Ambush 1.8 EC @ 3.0 ml/L performed second best treatment. Therefore, it can be concluded that the maize farmers can use Imidagold 20SL@ 0.3 ml/L or Ambush 1.8EC @0.3 ml/L for effective management of maize aphid under field condition. Article history Received: 03 Jul 2020 Accepted: 22 Sep 2020 Published online: 25 Sep 2020
Entrepreneurial challenges of Albanian agribusinesses: A content analysis

Agribusiness is seen as a driver of social and economic health. Indeed, analysing the entrepreneurial phenomena in the context of agribusiness sector would be appropriate, as entrepreneurial orientation would provide an instrument to be competitive in the market and foster their performance. Face to face interviews were conducted with 44 representatives of 3 key actors in the of entrepreneurial value formation process of agribusiness sector in Albania. Study results show that collaborativeness among industry-government-academia is essential for the sustainability and prosperity of agribusiness sector. The research proposes collaborativeness as a dimension of the entrepreneurial orientation construct.
Differences in soil sulfur fractions due to limitation of atmospheric deposition

The aim of this work was to estimate the changes in contents of different sulfur (S) fractions in soils under conditions of lowering inputs of S from emissions together with the influence of application of manure and mineral fertilizers. Soil samples from long-term field experiments were used for this purpose. The samples were taken from 10 sites from precise long-term field experiments with different soil-climatic conditions in the Czech republic. The samples were analyzed using the following fractionation: (i) water soluble S (H2o extracts), (ii) sorbed S (0.032M naH2Po4 extracts) and (iii) S occluded with carbonates (1M HCl extract). Furthermore, the concentration of total S (Stot) and organic S (Sorg) was determined. Soil samples were taken in the years 1981 and 2007. During 26 years a decrease of Stot by about 3–8%, water soluble S by 65–68% and sorbed S by 39–44% were observed in the topsoil of the evaluated soils. Furthermore, a low increase in the content of organic S was observed. The estimated ratio of Sorg reached 78.7–80.9% from Stot in the year 1981 and 87.7–89.8% in 2007. Farmyard manure (40 t/ha) applied every 4 years did not have a significant influence on S fractions and Stot contents in soils; intensive S fertilizing increased Stot and mobile S forms contents in soils. very close correlations were obtained especially between Stot and water soluble S and organic S.
Preamble-Based Channel Estimation for OQAM/FBMC Systems With Delay Diversity

Delay diversity (DD) is a low-complexity and flexible transmit diversity technology for coded offset quadrature amplitude modulation based filter bank multicarrier (OQAM/FBMC) transmission systems. However, the introduction of delay parameters in DD-OQAM/FBMC systems leads to increased channel frequency selectivity, which makes the channel estimation problem more complicated. In this paper, we analyze and develop preamble-based channel estimation methods in DD-OQAM/FBMC systems from the perspective of frequency-domain, transform-domain, and time-domain aspects. Besides, channel estimators that can obtain the minimum channel estimation mean square error under least squares (LS) and linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) criteria are derived according to different levels of channel knowledge. Specifically, the proposed frequency-domain method estimates each channel frequency response individually based on a simplified frequency-domain channel model. The transform-domain method first estimates the equivalent single-input-single-output channel observed at the receiver assuming subchannel flatness, and then uses a window function in the time domain to separate the channels of different transmit antennas. The time-domain method is constructed based on an accurate time-domain channel model to directly estimate the channel impulse response without making any assumption about the subchannel flatness. A series of simulation experiments is conducted to verify the effectivity of these channel estimation methods for DD-OQAM/FBMC systems.
Effects of mass extinction and recovery dynamics on long-term evolutionary trends: a morphological study of Strophomenida (Brachiopoda) across the Late Ordovician mass extinction

Abstract. Mass extinctions affect the history of life by decimating existing diversity and ecological structure and creating new evolutionary and ecological pathways. Both the loss of diversity during these events and the rebound in diversity following extinction had a profound effect on Phanerozoic evolutionary trends. Phylogenetic trees can be used to robustly assess the evolutionary implications of extinction and origination. We examine both extinction and origination during the Late Ordovician mass extinction. This mass extinction was the second largest in terms of taxonomic loss but did not appear to radically alter Paleozoic marine assemblages. We focus on the brachiopod order Strophomenida, whose evolutionary relationships have been recently revised, to explore the disconnect between the processes that drive taxonomic loss and those that restructure ecological communities. Apossible explanation for this disconnect is if extinction and origination were random with respect to morphology. We define morphospace using principal coordinates analysis (PCO) of character data from 61 Ordovician–Devonian taxa and their 45 ancestral nodes, defined by a most parsimonious reconstruction in Mesquite. A bootstrap of the centroid of PCO values indicates that genera were randomly removed from morphospace by the Late Ordovician mass extinction, and new Silurian genera were clustered within a smaller previously unoccupied region of morphospace. Diversification remained morphologically constrained throughout the Silurian and into the Devonian. This suggests that the recovery from the Late Ordovician mass extinction resulted in a long-term shift in strophomenide evolution. More broadly, recovery intervals may hold clues to understanding the evolutionary impact of mass extinctions.
Evapotranspiration, yield and crop coefficient of irrigated maize under straw mulch

Maize (Zea maps L.), a staple crop grown from June to September during the rainy season on the North China Plain, is usually inter-planted in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields about one week before harvesting of the winter wheat. In order to improve irrigation efficiency in this region of serious water shortage, field studies in 1999 and 2001, two dry seasons with less than average seasonal rainfall, were conducted with up to five irrigation applications to determine evapotranspiration, calculate the crop coefficient, and optimize the irrigation schedule with maize under mulch, as well as to establish the effects of irrigation timing and the number of applications on grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of maize. Results showed that with grain production at about 8000 kg ha^(-1) the total evapotranspiration and WUE of irrigated maize under mulch were about 380-400 mm and 2.0-2.2 kg m^(-3), respectively. Also in 2001 WUE of maize with mulch for the treatment with three irrigations was 11.8% better than that without mulch. In the 1999 and 2001 seasons, maize yield significantly improved (P=0.05) with four irrigation applications, however, further increases were not significant. At the same time there were no significant differences for WUE with two to four irrigation applications. In the 2001 season mulch lead to a decrease of 50 mm in the total soil evaporation, and the maize crop coefficient under mulch varied between 0.3-1.3 with a seasonal average of 1.0.
In vitro susceptibility of clinical Candida species to some natural and synthetic antimycotic agents

Eighteen antifungal drugs, five mentholated balms, sulphur and crude extracts of garlic (Allium sativum), African basil (Ocimum gratissimum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) were tested for in vitro inhibitory potentials on 107 Candida strains obtained from human oral, high vaginal and endocervical swabs. Between 47.1 and 92.0% (C. albicans); 50.0 and 100% (C. glabrata); 27.2 and 90.9% (C. pseudotropicalis) and 57.1 and 100% (C. tropicalis) respectively were resistant to the antifungal drugs. Only Candiderm cream (clotrimazole) was generally least resisted (27.3-57.1%) by the Candida species, while all the Candida strains were resistant to the mentholated balms and sulphur. Garlic and ginger were respectively inhibitory against 33.3-54.4% and 50.0-72.7% of the Candida strains but low (14.2- 16.1%) inhibition was recorded in African basil. In conclusion, significant in vitro resistance among vulvovaginal Candida species to some classes of antifungal drugs was recorded, indicating a serious clinical challenge in treatment of oral and vulvovaginal candidasis. Meanwhile, this study also reported significant in vitro inhibitory potentials of crude extracts of garlic and ginger on azole- / griseofulvinsusceptible and resistant Candida species, and thereby, can serve as natural adjunct options for the treatment of oral and vulvovaginal candidasis, either as herbal toothpastes, topical anti-Candida agents, suppositories or as douches.
Predictability changes what we remember in familiar temporal contexts

The human brain constantly anticipates the future based on memories of the past. Encountering a familiar situation can trigger a prediction of what comes next, with a prediction error leading to pruning of the offending memory. Situations with more predictable events should trigger more reliable predictions, and this could have an impact on memory pruning. Our goal was to evaluate whether memories are spared from pruning in situations that allow for more reliable predictions. Participants viewed a sequence of objects, some of which (“cues”) reappeared multiple times, followed always by novel items. Half of the cues were followed by items from different (unpredictable) categories, while others were followed by items from a single (predictable) category. Pattern classification of fMRI data was used to identify category-specific predictions after each cue. Pruning was observed only in unpredictable contexts, while encoding of new items suffered more in predictable contexts.
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Printing of Nanomaterials for IoT Applications

An atmospheric pressure plasma based printer is described as an alternative to conventional techniques including inkjet printing. The approach is demonstrated to be capable of printing various nanomaterials, and adjusting the plasma parameters, carrier gas flows and the physical parameters of the inks or nanomaterial suspensions can optimize the print quality. Raman analysis was used to characterize the oxide materials and carbon nanotubes printed using this technique, revealing high quality prints. The printed carbon nanotubes were used in a gas sensor chip and shown to provide good ammonia detection capability.
Variation in Leaf Macro-nutrient and Anti-nutrient Contents Associated with Maturity in Selected Roselle ( Hibiscus sabdariffa ) Genotypes

Studies were conducted to determine variability in leaf nutritive contents associated with leaf phenological maturity and genotype among local Zambian roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) landraces. A split-plot design was used with leaf maturity as the main plot, genotype as the subplot and 4 replications. Four local landraces ZM 5729, ZM 5738, ZM 5748 and ZM 6839 from Western and Southern provinces of Zambia were compared. Leaves were harvested at three plant maturity stages: immature (711 weeks old), mature (1215 weeks old) and senescence (more than 16 weeks old). Crude protein, carbohydrates, fat, fibre, oxalate, alkaloid and vitamin C contents were analysed. There were highly significant interactions among genotypes and maturity for macro-nutrient, anti-nutrient and vitamin C contents. Ash content increased with advance of maturity. Crude protein was highest in the immature phase and declined slightly in the mature phase. Crude fat was lowest in the immature stage and increased to a maximum in the mature stage. Crude fibre increased with maturity, by about 215 % from the immature to the senescence stage. For the two anti-nutrients, alkaloids increased with age from 1.58 % in immature to 4.17 % in senescent stage; and oxalates followed a reverse pattern, decreasing with age. Vitamin C followed a trend that showed moderate levels in the immature phase, which increased by about 20 % in the mature stage and thereafter declined by about 70 %. Vitamin C increased with increases in fat and carbohydrate contents but was reduced with fibre content. Ash increased with alkaloid contents but was reduced with oxalate content. The study demonstrated the variability in nutritional, anti-nutrient and vitamin C contents among local roselle genotypes as they mature. These changes have an important bearing on the nutritional quality of the vegetable related to when leaves are harvested.
Choosing Institutional Over Economic Integration: Are There Growth Effects?

This paper studies the effects on productivity of integration deepening. Our identification strategy uses the 1995 European Union (EU) enlargement when all four candidate countries joined the European Economic Area (economic integration) but only one (Norway) chose not to join the EU (institutional integration). Using synthetic control methods on sectoral and regional data, we find that had Norway chosen institutional instead of only economic integration in 1995, the average Norwegian region would have experienced a yearly average productivity growth increase of about half a percentage point. We also find these losses are larger for industry than for other sectors.
Buzzer and Word-of-Mouth in Online Transaction

—Technological developments that make changes to all aspects of human life, we can access any and all information easily and quickly. included in buying and selling activities which can now be done anytime and anywhere. But then this becomes an obstacle when people want to make sure the goods, because of the limitations cannot see the condition of the goods directly. Then word-of-mouth is a solution to these limitations, because reviews from someone who is experienced and buying these items will be more trusted by other prospective customers compared to the advertisements of these products. word of mouth is usually in the comments page of the product page or it can be a blog containing a review of a product. In addition to word of mouth, buzzer also plays an important role in expanding the network of a product. Buzzer will post a product so that the share of voice of a product on the internet increases and causes the product to become more famous and increase consumer confidence. Sociolla is one of the e-commerce beauties that uses word of mouth and buzzer on the internet.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae goes through distinct metabolic phases during its replicative lifespan

A comprehensive description of the phenotypic changes during cellular aging is key towards unraveling its causal forces. Using recently developed experimental tools, which previously had enabled us to map age related changes in proteome and transcriptome (Janssens et al., 2015), and model-based inference methods, here, we generated a comprehensive account of the metabolic changes during the entire replicative life of Saecharomyces cerevisiae. With age, we found decreasing metabolite levels, decreasing growth and substrate uptake rates accompanied by a switch from aerobic fermentation to a respiratory metabolism, with increased glycerol and acetate production. The identification of intracellular metabolic fluxes revealed an increase in redox cofactor turnover, likely to combat the increased production of reactive oxygen species. The identified metabolic changes possibly reflect a dynamic adaptation to the age-associated, non- homeostatic increase in volume. With metabolism being an important factor of the cellular phenotype, this work complements our recent mapping of the transcriptomic and proteomic changes towards a holistic description of the cellular processes during aging.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antiviral Potential of Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Enantia chlorantha Oliver (Annonaceae) and Boswellia dalzielii Hutch (Burseraceae) against Newcastle Disease In Ovo

Aim of the Study: To determine the phytochemicals and the antiviral activity of methanol stem bark extract of Enantia chlorantha and Boswellia dalzielii against Newcastle disease virus in embryonated eggs. Materials and Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. Investigation on the effect of stem bark of Enantia chlorantha and Boswellia dalzielii Original Research Article Ohemu et al.; EJMP, 25(4): 1-8, 2018; Article no.EJMP. 44919 2 methanol extracts against Newcastle disease (ND) virus was carried out using an in ovo assay. Nine–day-old embryonated chicken eggs were used. 0.2ml New Castle Disease virus (NDV) pretreated with methanol extract of Enantia chlorantha Oliver and Boswellia dalzielii Hutch (Stem bark) at final concentrations of 150, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 mg/ml were administered. Controls were included, embryos were observed daily for survival. Allantoic fluids from treated eggs were collected for spot test and haemagglutination test to detect NDV in the eggs. Results: Phytochemical analysis carried out on Enantia chlorantha Oliv. (stem bark), revealed the presence of alkaloids, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, steroid, triterpenes and glycosides, while tannin and flavonoids were found to be absent. Boswellia dalzielii Hutch revealed the presence of carbohydrates, steroids, triterpenes, cardiac glycosides, tannins and flavonoids and absence of alkaloid.The result of the antiviral assay showed that the minimum toxic concentration of both extracts is 150 mg/ml. Boswellia dalzielii showed the most significant activity against NDV with complete survival of the embryo at all concentration studied and complete clearance of the virus from the allantoic fluid, as compared to Enantia chlorantha where mortalities were seen at 150 and 25 mg/ml respectively. Conclusion: This finding has clearly demonstrated that Enantia chlorantha and Boswellia dalzielii stem bark extract has antiviral potential against NDV in ovo.
Cd44 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: Impact On Efficacy Of Cd34+ Cell Mobilization In Autologous Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

autologous hamopoietic stem cell transplantation in stead of bone marrow stem cells . Mobilization of stem cells into peripheral blood can be affected my many factors such as: underlying diseases, prior treatment, age and genetic polymorphisms such as G-CSFR, adhesion molecules,VCAM-1,CD 44 and chemokines SDF -1. The CD44 is a cell adhesion molecule which shows high structural heterogeneity . CD44 is multifunctional glycoprotein receptor that binds various ligands like hyalouronic acid and ostopontin as these adhesion molecules play a critical role in HSCs homing in bone marrow, any abnormalities in these adhesion molecules can impair HSC lodgment in their bone marrow niche and mediate their mobilization to peripheral blood.
Antioxidants in food : practical applications

Part 1 Antioxidants and food stability: The development of oxidative rancidity in foods Inhibiting oxidation Measuring antioxidant activity. Part 2 Antioxidants and health: Cardiovascular disease and nutritional phenolics Antioxidants and anti-tumour properties Predicting the bioavailability of antioxidants in food: the case of carotenoids. Part 3 Natural antioxidants: Introducing natural antioxidants Sources of natural antioxidants: oilseeds, nuts, cereals, legumes, animal products and microbial sources Sources of natural antioxidants: vegetables, fruits, herbs, spices and teas. Part 4 Practical applications: Regulation of antioxidants in food Use of natural antioxidants in food products Preparation of natural antioxidants Natural antioxidant functionality during food processing.
Quantitative genetics of disease resistance in different groups of Penaeus semisulcatus from preliminary controlled challenge test with Vibrio parahaemolyticus the aetiological agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)

ABSTRACT Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) has caused losses to shrimp farmers worldwide owing to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPAHPND). Selective breeding for disease resistance of shrimp was used as an alternative strategy for disease control. Five subsamples of shrimp from 20 full-sib families were subjected to a cohabitation challenge test. Juveniles of P. semisulcatus (mean weight 2.5 ± 0.17 g) were tested for survival after challenge with VPAHPND. Mortality in the challenge test was recorded daily, and the experiment was terminated after 96 days when the mortality ceased. Moderate heritabilities were estimated in resistance to VPAHPND based on a linear model (LM) and threshold model (TM). This indicates that disease resistance is a heritable trait, and a challenge test may serve as a basis for selection for resistance to VPAHPND in P. semisulcatus. However, further investigation is needed to confirm and quantify the additive genetic variation for resistance to VPAHPND in P. semisulcatus.