Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Graphs with Equal Irregularity Indices

The irregularity of a graph can be dened by dierent so-called graph topological indices. In this paper, we consider the irregularities of graphs with re- spect to the Collatz-Sinogowitz index (8), the variance of the vertex degrees (6), the irregularity of a graph (4), and the total irregularity of a graph (1). It is known that these irregularity measures are not always compatible. Here, we investigate the problem of determining pairs or classes of graphs for which two or more of the above mentioned irregularity measures are equal. While in (17) this problem was tackled in the case of bidegreed graphs, here we go a step further by considering tridegreed graphs and graphs with arbitrarily large degree sets. In addition we pressent the smallest graphs for which all above irregularity indices are equal.
Exploring Students’ Critical Thinking and Curiosity: A Study on Problem-Based Learning with Character Development and Naturalist Intelligence

This study aimed to investigate the impact of problem-based learning with a focus on character development and naturalist intelligence on critical thinking (CT) abilities and curiosity of students. The study was conducted in a school in the city of Mataram - Indonesia, utilizing a 3x2 treatment by level design. Two groups of students, categorized as having high or low naturalist intelligence, were exposed to three different treatments: problem-based learning with character development (PBL-CD), problem-based learning, and regular learning. Data regarding the students' naturalist intelligence and CT abilities were collected through tests, while information on their curiosity was obtained through observation sheets and self-assessment. Statistical analysis using MANOVA at a significance level of 0.05 was performed. The findings revealed that: (a) PBL-CD had a positive impact on students' CT abilities and curiosity; (b) the naturalist intelligence did not significantly influence students' CT abilities and curiosity; and (c) there was no significant impact observed on students' CT abilities and curiosity when examining the interaction between PBL-CD and naturalist intelligence. Thus, PBL-CD presents itself as a viable strategy to cultivate students' critical thinking skills and inquisitiveness, offering an alternative pathway in routine learning in the classroom.
Emotional Support, Academic Resiliency, and School Engagement in an Online Learning Setting during Covid-19 Pandemic

: In recent years, numerous published scholarly works have examined the association between academic resilience and school engagement, as well as the function of emotional support in bolstering the relationship between the two. However, these investigations have only been undertaken at the elementary and secondary levels. Therefore, it can be concluded that there are only a few studies that were conducted in the context of Higher Education, especially in the Philippines. In this regard, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between academic resilience (ARS) and school engagement (SE) via teacher-emotional support (TES). Using data from 910 students and Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), it was unraveled that (1) ARS positively affects SE, (2) ARS leverages TES, (3) TES affects SE, and (4) TES partially mediated the association between students' ARS and SE. According to the findings, instructors' emotional support promotes college students' resilience and engagement. The study underlined the need of strengthening personal and contextual resources to support student well-being in an online class setting.
Nano-optical photoresponse mapping of superconducting nanowires with enhanced near infrared absorption

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) play an important role in emerging optical quantum technologies. We report on advanced nanometric characterization of a high efficiency near infrared SNSPD design based on a low roughness tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5)/silicon dioxide (SiO2) distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) cavity structure. We have performed high resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis to verify the smoothness of the DBR. Optical reflectance measurements show excellent correspondence with DBR simulations. We have carried out precision nano-optical photoresponse mapping studies at 940 nm wavelength at T = 3.5 K, indicating excellent large area device uniformity (peak efficiency 55% at 100 Hz dark count rate (DCR)) with a full width half maximum timing jitter of 60 ps. With manual fibre coupling with single mode fibre, we achieve a system detection efficiency (SDE) of 57.5% at 940 nm wavelength (100 Hz DCR) at T = 2.3 K and a low polarization dependence of 1.20 ± 0.03. For coupling with multimode fibre, we achieve SDE of 90% at 940 nm (200 Hz DCR) at T = 2.3 K. These SNSPD devices are promising candidates for use in quantum dot photoluminescence studies and optical quantum technology applications.
Exposure to COVID-19 Misinformation Across Instant Messaging Apps: Moderating Roles of News Media and Interpersonal Communication

Given that instant messaging apps have been identified as a new conduit of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) misinformation, this study pursues two goals. The first is to examine the associations between exposure to COVID-19 misinformation through instant messaging apps on the one hand and knowledge and preventive behavioral intention, on the other. The second is to test whether news media and interpersonal communication moderate these relationships. By analyzing survey data from 1,209 adults from the general population of South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic, we found that exposure to COVID-19 misinformation across instant messaging apps was negatively related to COVID-19 knowledge and COVID-19–preventive behavioral intention. However, the negative link between misinformation exposure and preventive behavioral intention differed depending on the level of news media exposure and interpersonal communication. Specifically, the negative association between COVID-19 misinformation exposure and preventive behavioral intention was weaker among individuals who were exposed to more COVID-19 news media and participated in more interpersonal communication about COVID-19. © 2023 (Woohyun Yoo, Sang-Hwa Oh, and Doo-Hun Choi). Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd). Available at http://ijoc.org.
Fast Recursive SQP MethodsforLarge-Scale Optimal Control Problems

Direct boundary value problem methods in combination with SQP iteration have proved to be very successful in solving nonlinear optimal control problems. Such methods use parameterized control functions, discretize the state di erential equations by, e.g., multiple shooting or collocation, and treat the discretized boundary value problem as an equality constraint in a large, nonlinear, constrained optimization problem. In real-life applications several thousand variables may appear in the NLP. Solution by standard techniques is therefore impractical. This dissertation develops a general concept for a class of structured direct SQP methods based on a decoupling strategy. A careful choice of the discretization reveals an inherent multistage block structure of the QP subproblems. We present a recursive solution algorithm for the associated KKT systems which makes full use of this sparse structure, and propose a structure-preserving primal-dual interior point method for treating the generally large number of path inequality constraints. Extensive numerical tests including a comparison with other sparse solvers document the high e ciency of the recursive algorithm.
Who stands behind European FDI investors? A novel characterisation of pass-through within the EU 1

Macro-statistics on foreign direct investment (FDI) provide an indication of bilateral direct investment linkages between country pairs. However, with a large part of FDI being intermediated by financial centres, official FDI data often depict oversized linkages involving these intermediate countries. We exploit Orbis company-level data on corporate ownership to break down who is the ultimate owner behind bilateral investing relationships. We thus add an additional dimension to standard FDI data, namely the shares of a country’s FDI activity which can be attributed to domestic corporate groups and to foreign-controlled corporations, respectively. Focusing on intra-EU FDI, we show that for the group of EU FDI hubs (Belgium, Cyprus, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta and the Netherlands), foreign corporations control most of the outward foreign investment activity. We also show that more than a quarter of intra-EU FDI is controlled by non-EU corporations, with the US standing behind, as the ultimate owner, a share even larger than that of any individual EU country. We also provide evidence on the sectoral characterisation of intra-EU FDI, with a large share of FDI ultimately originating from manufacturing and ICT groups being intermediated by EU FDI investors belonging to sectors associated with holding companies and other special purpose entities.
The influence of springtime Arctic ozone recovery on stratospheric and surface climate

Stratospheric ozone is expected to recover by mid-century due to the success of the Montreal Protocol in regulating the emission of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). In the Arctic, ozone abundances are projected to surpass historical levels due to the combined effect of decreasing ODSs and elevated greenhouse gases (GHGs). While ozone recovery has been shown to be a major driver of future surface climate in the Southern Hemisphere during summertime, the dynamical and climatic impacts 5 of elevated ozone levels in the Arctic have not been investigated. In this study, we use two chemistry climate models (SOCOL-MPIOM and CESM-WACCM) to assess the climatic impacts of Arctic ozone recovery on stratospheric dynamics and surface climate in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) during the 21 st century. Under the high-emission scenario (RCP8.5) examined in this work, Arctic ozone returns to pre-industrial levels by the middle of the century. Thereby, it warms the lower Arctic stratosphere, reduces the strength of the polar vortex, advancing its breakdown, and weakening the Brewer-Dobson circulation. 10 In the troposphere, Arctic ozone recovery induces a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation, pushing the jet equatorward over the Atlantic. These impacts of ozone recovery in the NH are smaller than the effects of GHGs, but they are remarkably robust among the two models employed in this study, cancelling out some of the GHG effects. Taken together, our results indicate that Arctic ozone recovery actively shapes the projected changes in the stratospheric circulation and their coupling to the troposphere, thereby playing an important and previously unrecognized role as driver of the large-scale atmospheric 15 circulation response to climate change.
The Perceived Impact of Critical Thinking on Student’s Learning Performance

As we transition to an endemic phase past the Covid-19 fiasco, the impact of those events still rings clear within the education field. The aftermath of the pandemic in the education field is everlasting, as research swarmed on the effects it had on students. Nevertheless, studies have shown that critical thinking skills are still intact regardless of the learning mode. Consequently, critical thinking is a vital factor in a student’s repertoire , which is also a sought commodity among employers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine whether critical thinking has an impact on student learning performance in both academic and non-academic contexts. Hence, this study first, set out to determine the students’ perception of critical thinking. Secondly, it explored the students’ perception of critical thinking on their learning performance in academic and non-academic contexts. A qualitative research design was employed during the conduct of the study. The findings were retrieved from focus group interview sessions among 15 final-year degree students from two public universities in Malaysia. The findings suggest that students are indeed aware of their critical thinking skills. Furthermore, findings show that critical thinking impacts student learning performance in several distinctive ways. These include improving their learning styles, strategies, and thinking skills. In the non-academic context, critical thinking provides further exposure and training for individual development in terms of survival skills and self-efficacy. Therefore, it is important for instructors to note the urgency for the inclusion of critical thinking in the teaching and learning process regardless of mode, be it in a physical or online classroom. This paper could benefit educators who seek to inculcate critical thinking in their lessons, programme developers who plan to embed critical thinking within the curriculum, and students themselves who prepare their learning journey with relevant critical thinking strategies.
DiStefano: Decentralized Infrastructure for Sharing Trusted Encrypted Facts and Nothing More

—We design DiStefano : an efficient framework for generating private commitments over TLS-encrypted web traffic for a designated, untrusted third-party. DiStefano provides many improvements over previous TLS commitment systems, including: a modular security model that is applicable to TLS 1.3 traffic, and support for generating verifiable claims using applicable zero-knowledge systems; inherent 1-out-of-n privacy for the TLS server that the client communicates with; and various cryptographic optimisations to ensure fast online performance of the TLS session. We build an open-source implementation of DiStefano integrated into the BoringSSL cryptographic library, that is used within Chromium-based Internet browsers. We show that DiStefano is practical for committing to facts in arbitrary TLS traffic, with online times that are comparable with existing TLS 1.2 solutions. We also make improvements to certain cryptographic primitives used inside DiStefano , leading to 3 × and 2 × improvements in online computation time and bandwidth in specific situations.
Diffuse Interstellar Bands. A Survey of Observational Facts

The paper presents and documents the most important observational results concerning the enigmatic diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) that have remained unidentified since 1922. It demonstrates why the bands are commonly considered as having originated in many still unknown carriers. The mutual correlations of different DIBs, aiming at finding “families” of common origin, are briefly discussed. It was found that the strength ratio of the major DIBs, 5780 and 5797, is heavily variable; at the same E(B−V), the DIB intensities may vary by as much as a factor of three or more. Certain DIB strength ratios seem to be related to intensities of the known features of simple molecular species; this led to the introduction of the so-called σ and ζ type interstellar clouds. In the former (prototype HD147165), broad DIBs are very strong, while the narrow ones and molecular features are weak. In the latter (prototype HD149757), narrow DIBs, as well as bands of simple radicals, are strong while the broad DIBs are weak (in relation to E(B−V)). Details of the profiles of narrow DIBs, documenting their molecular origin, are presented. The relative DIB strengths as well as those of the simple radicals seem to be related to the shapes of interstellar extinction curves. Possible carriers of DIBs are only mentioned, as all of the proposed ones remain uncertain. The survey is biased in the sense that it presents the author’s point of view. It was prepared for the thirtieth anniversary of the first DIB survey, published in PASP (Krełowski 1988), and demonstrates how far our knowledge has evolved since then.
Discrete Choice in Marketing through the Lens of Rational Inattention

Models derived from random utility theory represent the workhorse methods to learn about consumer preferences from discrete choice data. However, a large body of literature documents various behavioral patterns that cannot be captured by basic random utility models and require different non-unified adjustments to accommodate these patterns. In this article, we suggest how to develop an empirical rational inattention model for the analysis of discrete choice among multiple alternatives described along multiple attributes, as encountered in prototypical discrete choice experiments and choice-based-conjoint analysis in marketing and economics. We then illustrate how this model naturally motivates stylized empirical results that are hard to reconcile from a random utility perspective. Finally, we contrast the proposed approach to extant empirical work that builds on rational inattention.
The variation of the particle number size distribution during the rainfall: wet scavenging and air masses changing

Below-cloud wet scavenging is an important pathway to remove atmospheric aerosols. The below-cloud wet scavenging coefficient (BWSC) is the value to describe the ability of rainfall to remove aerosols. The reported 15 BWSCs obtained from the field measurements are much higher than the theory, but the reason for this remains unclear. Based on the long-term field measurements in the Yangtze River Delta of eastern China, we find that 28% of the rainfall events are high BWSC events. The high BWSC events show the sudden decrease of particle number concentration in all size bins near the end of rainfall. By investigating the simultaneously observed changes in carbon monoxide and aerosol chemical compositions during rainfall events, the circulation patterns and backward trajectories, 20 we find the cause of the high BWSC events is the air masses changing but not the wet scavenging. The change of air masses is always followed by the rainfall processes and cannot be screened out by the traditional meteorological criteria, which would cause the overestimation of BWSC. After excluding the high BWSC events, the observed BWSC is close to the theory and is correlated with the rainfall intensity and particle number concentrations prior to rainfall. This study highlights that the discrepancy between the observed BWSC and the theoretical value may not be as large 25 as it is currently
A review for Online Examination System

- Utilizing the internet to instruct pupils across a range of subjects has grown in popularity during the last 10 years. Assessing is crucial for achieving the objectives of the course it covers and improving the method of instruction and learning by matching the criteria for evaluation with the intended educational objectives and mentoring and dominating sports, a variety of educational ontologies may be used to evaluate the efficacy of engineering learning. Designing and assessing learning results may be a difficult task for engineering educators. Computer-based evaluation has become one of the most used styles of multigenerational enhanced assessment since the 1990s. The Bloom's Taxonomies is an extensively utilized categorization scheme that defines distinct ranges for ability to think. The internet-based exam tool has an electronic solution that enables any business or institution to set up, manage, and administer exams through a web environment. It can be completed over the internet, intranet, or local community contexts. The delays that occurred in processing results, the difficulty of submitting, and the difficulty of information filtering are just a few of the difficulties encountered while using guide exam formats. Lack of statistics poses a significant risk, and finding files is challenging. The security of the device is also highly challenging and requires a lot of work. One of the essential components of an online training system is the online test.
New estimates of the pan-Arctic sea ice–atmosphere neutral drag coefficients from ICESat-2 elevation data

The effect that sea ice topography has on the momentum transfer between ice and atmosphere is not fully quantified due to the vast extent of the Arctic and limitations of current measurement techniques. Here we present a method to estimate pan-Arctic momentum transfer via a parameterization which links sea ice–atmosphere form drag coefficients with surface feature height and spacing. We measure these sea ice surface feature parameters using the (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) Ice, (cid:58) Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2)which, though it cannot (cid:58) . (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) Though (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) ICESat-2 (cid:58) is (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) unable (cid:58)(cid:58) to resolve as well (cid:58) as (cid:58) airborne surveys, (cid:58) it has a higher 5 along-track spatial resolution than other contemporary altimeter satellites. As some narrow obstacles are effectively smoothed out by the ICESat-2 ATL07 spatial resolution, we use near-coincident high-resolution Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) elevation data from NASA’s Operation IceBridge (OIB) mission to scale up the regional ICESat-2 drag estimates. By also incorporating drag due to open water, floe edges and sea ice skin drag, we produced a time series of average total pan-Arctic neutral atmospheric drag coefficient estimates from October (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) November 2018 to May 2022. Here we have observed its temporal 10 evolution to be unique and not directly tied to sea ice extent. By also mapping 3-month aggregates for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 for better regional analysis, we found the thick multiyear ice area directly north of the Canadian Archipelago and Greenland to be consistently above 2 . 0 · 10 − 3 with rough ice ∼ 1 . 5 · 10 − 3 typically filling the full (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) while (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) most (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) of (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) the multiyear ice portion of the Arctic each spring (cid:58) is (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) typically (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) around (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) ∼ 1 . 5 · 10 − 3 .