Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Labor Market Polarization and the Great Divergence: Theory and Evidence

In recent decades, middle-paid jobs have declined, replaced by a mix of high and low-paid jobs. This is labor market polarization. At the same time, initially skilled and typically larger cities have become even more skilled relative to initially less skilled and typically smaller cities. This is the great divergence. We develop a theory that links these two phenomena. We draw on existing models of polarization and heterogeneous labor in spatial equilibrium, adding to these a sharper interaction of individual- and city-level comparative advantage. We then confront the predictions of the theory with detailed data on occupational growth for a sample of 117 French cities. We find, consistent with our theory, that middle-paid jobs decline most sharply in larger cities; that these lost jobs are replaced two-to-one by high-paid jobs in the largest cities and two-to-one by low-paid jobs in the smallest cities; and that the lost middle-paid jobs are concentrated in an upper tier in the large cities and a lower tier in the smaller cities.
Can We Save the American Dream? A Dynamic General Equilibrium Analysis of the Effects of School Financing and Rent Subsidies on Local Opportunities

Neighborhoods in the US differ substantially in the educational and economic opportunities that they offer to children who grow up in them. We develop and estimate a structural spatial equilibrium model of residential and education choice to study the effects of school financing policies on education outcomes, intergenerational mobility, and welfare—at the local and aggregate level. Our model generates persistent effects of children’s neighborhoods on adult outcomes through local labor market access and local human capital formation. Local school funding is an important component of the latter. We estimate the model using a range of US Census datasets by fitting model predictions to regional data of the actual US geography. We use the estimated model to study the effects of several counterfactual policy interventions, such as equalizing school funding across all students, guaranteeing a minimum level of school funding to all students, or providing rent subsidies to low-income parents who live in selected neighborhoods. We find that general equilibrium responses in local prices and local skill compositions significantly dampen the partial equilibrium effects of policies. In particular, we find that an equalization of school funding across all students has positive but only moderate effects on education outcomes and intergenerational mobility in general equilibrium. ∗We are indebted to Giuseppe Moscarini, Samuel Kortum, Michael Peters and Fabrizio Zilibotti for their continued and invaluable support and guidance in this project. In addition, we are very grateful to Joseph Altonji, Costas Arkolakis, Lorenzo Caliendo, Nathan Hendren, Joachim Hubmer, Ilse Lindenlaub, Costas Meghir, Pascual Restrepo, Mark Rosenzweig, Tony Smith, Aleh Tsyvinski, and Conor Walsh for helpful discussions and suggestions. We owe special thanks to Rucker Johnson for providing additional estimation results. We also want to thank participants of the Yale Macroeconomics, Development, and Trade Lunch and the Harvard International Lunch for helpful comments. All errors are our own. Email: tatjana.kleineberg@yale.edu
Model Study on Burden Distribution in COREX

COREX is one of the commercialized smelting reduction ironmaking processes. It mainly includes two reactors, i.e., a (reduction) shaft furnace (SF) and a melter gasifier (MG). In comparison with the conventional blast furnace (BF), the COREX MG is not only equipped with a more complicated top charging system consisting of one gimbal distributor for coal and eight flap distributors for direct reduction iron (DRI), but also the growth mechanism of its burden pile is in a developing phase, rather than that in a fully-developed phase in a BF. Since the distribution of charged burden plays a crucial role in determining the gas flow and thus in achieving a stable operation, it is of considerable importance to investigate the burden distribution influenced by the charging system of COREX MG. In the present work, a mathematical model is developed for predicting the burden distribution in terms of burden layer structure and radial ore/coal ratio within the COREX MG. Based on the burden pile width measured in the previous physical experiments at different ring radii on a horizontal flat surface, a new growth mechanism of burden pile is proposed. The validity of the model is demonstrated by comparing the simulated burden layer structure with the corresponding results obtained by physical experiments. Furthermore, the usefulness of the mathematical model is illustrated by performing a set of simulation cases under various charging matrixes. It is hoped that the model can be used as a what-if tool in practice for the COREX operator to gain a better understanding of burden distribution in the COREX MG. Record Type: Published Article Submitted To: LAPSE (Living Archive for Process Systems Engineering) Citation (overall record, always the latest version): LAPSE:2020.0032 Citation (this specific file, latest version): LAPSE:2020.0032-1 Citation (this specific file, this version): LAPSE:2020.0032-1v1 DOI of Published Version: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7120892 License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
Effect of Losartan on Different Biochemical Parameters in Essential Hypertensive Patients

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) provides the most powerful regulation of blood pressure and angiotensin II is the primary mediator in this system. The binding of angiotensin II to AT1 receptors produces a number of potentially harmful effects that include increase in blood pressure, progression of atherosclerosis, myocardial and vascular hypertrophy. Losartan was the first ARB and found to reduce the risk of stroke, new onset of diabetes and to have a proven benefit in stroke. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of losartan on different biochemical parameters viz; blood sugar, lipid profile, uric acid and serum electrolytes. 29 newly diagnosed patients of either gender with essential hypertension were included in the study. Baseline readings of lipid profile, serum electrolytes, fasting blood sugar and uric acid were recorded before starting losartan monotherapy and were repeated after six months. After comparing the means, it was revealed that there was a significant increase in HDL cholesterol and a significant decrease in serum uric acid levels after six months of losartan therapy. No significant difference was found in blood sugar and electrolyte levels. These findings suggest that losartan can be an attractive option for the treatment of hypertension and for metabolic syndrome.
In the Shadows of Government: Political Turnovers and Firm Perk Expenses

This paper shows that following the turnover of the party secretary or mayor of a city in China, firms headquartered in that city significantly increase their “perk spending” (e.g., travel expenses, business entertainment expenses, overseas training expenses, board meeting expenses, company car expenses, and meeting expenses), even after controlling for local economic conditions. Using the age and tenure of incumbents as instruments, our evidence supports the interpretation that firms increase their perk spending to build up relations with local governments. We also find that the perk expenses increase more when the demand to build relation is stronger (e.g., when the incoming official is from a different city, or is young), when the firm is less connected politically (e.g., private firms, or firms whose leadership lacks political experiences). This effect is weaker after the 18 National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, or after an arrest of local politicians for corruption cases. Our evidence also shows that firms with more perk expenses receive more future benefits, such as government subsidy and access to financing, but do not have better future performances. Finally, local political turnover in a city tends to be followed by changes of chairmen or CEOs of state-owned firms in that city, but only for those controlled by the local government rather than private firms or those controlled by the central government. However, the chairmen or CEOs who have connections with local government officials are less likely to be replaced.
Drivers of Fundraising Success in Equity Crowdfunding

Using an unique hand-collected database of 1,256 campaigns from the two major platforms of equity crowdfunding in the United Kingdom, between 2015 and 2018, we find that the factors that most influence the campaign success are: (i) the quality of the project, signalized by equity retention and the presence of a large investor; (ii) the information disclosure and (iii) the early investments. There is no evidence economic potential of the firm are relevant for investor decisions. Investors probably use other signals (than growth and profitability perspectives) to evaluate the economic potential of firms and project quality.
The Politics of Blended Health Sector Financing in Uganda: Unpacking the World Bank’s Global Financing Facility

This paper examines the politics of blended financing with reference to the World Bank-inspired Global Financing Facility for maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health (RMNCAH) in Uganda. Critical literature review was conducted, followed by interviews with government technocrats, multilateral agencies (World Bank, WHO and UNICEF), civil society organizations and selected district health officers. Our main finding is twofold. Procedurally, blended finance takes the trodden path of developmental paternalism characterized by asymmetrical power relations between donors (who determine fundable priorities) and beneficiaries (whose inclusion hardly counts). Substantively, however, Uganda’s Investment Case uses concessional IDA credit worth US$110m, multidonor trust funds worth $30m and a SIDA grant of US$25m. This raises the total to $165m, with a grant component of 33.33%, far above the 25% recommended by the OECD. The emerging conclusion is simple: blended finance is imperfect, but is not ‘dead aid’ a la Dambisa Moyo (2010).
Music-evoked autobiographical memories in everyday life

Music can be a particularly effective cue for bringing one back to the sights and sounds of events from across the lifespan. These music-evoked autobiographical memories (MEAMs) have typically been studied within laboratory experiments and clinical settings, often using experimenter-selected music to cue autobiographical memories. The present work took a more naturalistic approach, by studying the situational aspects, contents, and features of MEAMs within the course of participants’ everyday lives. Participants (N = 31) recorded details of their MEAMs and music listening habits in a diary for 7 days. MEAMs were experienced, on average, once per day and were cued by a wide variety of music, often during routine tasks such as traveling and housework. Everyday MEAMs were typically rated as highly vivid and involuntary and were often accompanied by positive or mixed emotions (e.g., happiness, nostalgia) and social themes. Some evidence of individual differences was found, with older participants rating their MEAMs as more vivid and accompanied by more positive emotions. The features reported within everyday MEAMs replicated several previous findings on MEAMs and autobiographical memory more generally, indicating that this naturalistic method was able to capture genuine MEAM experiences. Implications for future research on naturally occurring MEAMs are discussed.
Representation of Children’s Views in Finnish Newspaper Media Across Three Decades

As the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) celebrates its thirtieth anniversary,it is relevant to explore how understandings of children’s rights have appeared duringthese three decades. As a key public actor in society, the media provides an interesting field inwhich to study the salience of children’s rights in societal and public discussions. Thus, in this article,we examine how children’s views are represented in «Helsingin Sanomat», the main nationalnewspaper of Finland, in 1997, 2007, and 2017. This examination is based on articles 12 and 13of the UNCRC, where it is stated that children have the right to express themselves in all mattersaffecting them. The data collection for this article was based on a systematic random samplingmethod of these issues in the years mentioned above, and a systematic content analysis was alsoapplied. The results show that, somewhat surprisingly, in 2017, less than a third of news storiesconcerning childhood and children reported children’s views on the matter, while in 2007, almosthalf of news stories reported on children’s views. Based on the data, it appears that macro-levelissues remained within adults’ sphere of discussion during these years.
Facile Fabrication of DNA Biosensors Based on Oxidized Carbon Black and Graphite Oxide

We investigated electrochemical sensors based on graphite oxide (GrO) and oxidized carbon black (CbO). GrO and CbO were synthesized by the modified Hummers method. Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes were synthesized with a 5′ primary amine for attachment. These ssDNA oligonucleotides were immobilized on GrO and CbO using standard 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) coupling. This formed an amide bond between the DNA-amine and carboxyl groups on GrO and CbO. GrO and CbO were used instead of graphite in a carbon paste material. This significantly enhanced the sensitivity of the biosensor for the reverse-complementary DNA. We detected reverse-complimentary DNA using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) in a ferricyanide solution. The solution was spiked with the ssDNA oligonucleotide with the reverse-complementary sequence of the immobilized probe. The change in current or impedance was measured. We present early work on optimizing the fabrication method for DNA-functionalized carbon electrodes. Working electrodes were fabricated by drop-casting the active material onto a glassy carbon electrode surface.
Supplementary material to "The effect of rainfall amount and timing on annual transpiration in grazed savanna grassland"

Abstract. The role of precipitation (P) variability on evapotranspiration (ET) and its two components transpiration (T) and evaporation (E) rates from savannas continues to draw significant research interest given its relevance to a number of eco-hydrological applications. The work here reports on six years of measured ET and energy flux components, and estimated T from a grazed savanna grassland collected at a research site situated in Welgegund, South Africa. During this period, annual P varied considerably in amount (421 mm to 614 mm), rainy season length and precipitation intensity. T was estimated using annual water use efficiency and gross primary production determined from eddy-covariance measurements of net ecosystem CO2 exchange rates. The computed annual T was highly constrained to 352 ± 8 mm (T/ET = 0.55) for four wet years when rainfall was near or above the long-term mean. This is explained by the near constant annual tree transpiration and moderate water stress of C4 grasses during these years. In a drought year with intermittent rainfall, the annual ecosystem T was reduced due to grass dieback-regrowth that alters the temporal dynamics of bare soil cover and infiltration, and complicates monthly T/ET relation to leaf-area index (LAI). However, annual ET remains approximately equal to annual precipitation (P) even during the drought year due to increased soil evaporation. Indeed, at annual scales, ET ≈ P and annual T is conservative despite variation in amount and timing in rainfall, due to constant water use of mature trees, and the ability of C4 grasses to maintain transpiration at moderate water stress and effectively use pulsed rainfall.
Confounding in Studies on Metacognition: A Preliminary Causal Analysis Framework

By definition, metacognitive processes may monitor or regulate various stages of first-order processing. By combining causal analysis with hypotheses expressed by other authors we derive the theoretical and methodological consequences of this special relation between metacognition and the underlying processes. In particular, we prove that because multiple processing stages may be monitored or regulated and because metacognition may form latent feedback loops, (1) without strong additional causal assumptions, typical measures of metacognitive monitoring or regulation are confounded; (2) without strong additional causal assumptions, typical methods of controlling for first-order task performance (i.e., calibration, staircase, including first-order task performance in a regression analysis, or analyzing correct and incorrect trials separately) not only do not deconfound measures of metacognition but may even introduce bias; (3) that the first two problems cannot be solved by using simple models of decision-making derived from Signal Detection Theory. We conclude the paper by advocating robust methods of discovering properties of latent mechanisms.
University of Southern Denmark Single-use disposable digital flexible ureteroscopes an ex vivo assessment and cost analysis

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Exploring the Drivers of Intention to Use Interactive Whiteboards among Malaysia University Students: Does Technology Self-Efficacy Matter?

The effective use of an interactive whiteboard (IWB) in teacher-education institutions depends strongly on student teachers’ intention of using it. Despite the recent surge in published research on the widespread applications for IWB in teaching and learning, few have developed a model to elucidate the elements which contribute to student teachers’ intention to use IWB. The aim of this study was to develop a model which demonstrates the variables that affect student teachers’ intentions and which also explain their interactions. The proposed IWB intention to use research model is based on prominent educational technology acceptance theories and models. Five variables (technology self-efficacy, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and intention to use) were selected to build a model for this study. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used for this study to identify the predictors and the model fit. The proposed model has accounted for 47.6% of the variance in the intention to use IWB.
The Effect Of Coconut Water Consumption On Labor Advancement In The Phase I Activities In The Mother

Prolonged labor can increase abnormalities in the physiology of labor and increase the number of labor with cesarean section. Efforts in overcoming the progress of labor are hampered by caring for the mother in the labor process, including giving freedom to the mother to eat or drink as long as the mother wants to need fulfill her nutrition. This research was Analyze the effect coconut water consumption to advancement labor of active process phase I to intranatal. Design was used quasy experimental with One group pre and post test technique. Data was analyzed with Mann-Whitney. Result showed that there was p-value 0,043 < α (0,05) so There was a significant influence of the provision of coconut water on the progress of labor in the first stage. There are correlation coconut water on average accelerates the opening by 54 minutes.
A sufficient and necessary condition of existence of blow-up radial solutions for a k-Hessian equation with a nonlinear operator

In this paper, we establish the results of nonexistence and existence of blow-up radial solutions for a k-Hessian equation with a nonlinear operator. Under some suitable growth conditions for nonlinearity, the result of nonexistence of blow-up solutions is established, a sufficient and necessary condition on existence of blow-up solutions is given, and some further results are obtained.
Competitiveness of Uzbek agrarian foreign trade – different regional trade blocs and the most significant trade partners

Agriculture is one of the leading and largest economic sectors in the nation of Uzbekistan. The share of employees in the agricultural sector is 33% of the population. The annual growth rate of the agricultural sector is 1.7%, and it accounts for 18% of GDP. Agriculture provides jobs for approximately 15 million people, many of whom are part-time workers. During the years 2000 – 2018, the value of agrarian trade turnover increased from cc 520 million USD to 2.8 billion USD. This paper examines Uzbek foreign trade in agricultural products from the following perspectives: trade balance of Uzbekistan and international competitiveness. The intention of the paper is to determine changes in the character of agricultural trade. Changes in the product structure are identified, and individual changes are explained. The comparative advantages are analyzed according to different groups of countries (Asian countries without CIS countries, CIS without Asian countries, EU28 without other European countries, other European countries without EU and CIS countries, and developing countries). Agrarian trade competitiveness and territorial and commodity structure changes are analyzed for the last 19 years (2000–2018). The commodity structure of agricultural trade is analyzed on the basis of the standard Harmonized System. The source of information in the article is UN COMTRADE. The analysis is based on the following method and indexes: “product mapping approach” method, Herfindahl-Hirschman index, Received: February, 2019 1st Revision: June, 2019 Accepted: October, 2019 DOI: 10.14254/20718330.2019/12-4/12 Journal of International Studies S ci en ti fi c P a pe rs © Foundation of International Studies, 2019 © CSR, 2019 Journal of International Studies Vol.12, No.4, 2019 178 Lafay index, and the trade balance index. In addition, some other statistical characteristics are applied: geomean, chain index, basic index, import/export coverage ratio, etc. Uzbek agricultural exports are competitive with regard to Asian and CIS countries, and limited when compared with other territories.
Risk Factors in Young Stroke

Background: Stroke in young age is less frequent than in older populations but has a major impact on the individual and society. This study was done to find out aetiological pattern and associated risk factors of stroke in young adults. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine and Neurology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, during the period of April to October 2016. We studied consecutive 100 stroke patients between the age of 15-45 years. Results: In this study 62% patients were male and 38% were female, male incidence is 24% higher than female and ratio is 1. 38. Infarction was found in 65% cases. Haemorrhage was in 35% cases. Dyslipidaemia was mostly associated risk factor in both infarction (76. 91%) and in haemorrhage (85. 71%). High prevalence of dyslipidaemia as associated risk factor may indicate premature atherosclerosis. Conclusion: Stroke in young requires a different approach to investigation and management than stroke in the elderly due to differences in the relative frequencies of possible underlying causes. It remains the case, however, that atherosclerosis contributes to a large proportion of stroke in young patients, thus conventional risk factors must be targeted aggressively.