Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Teacher’s Invisible Hand: A Meta-Analysis of the Relevance of Teacher–Student Relationship Quality for Peer Relationships and the Contribution of Student Behavior

The relationships that students have with teachers and peers are important for their academic, social, and behavioral development. How teachers relate to students may affect students’ peer relationships and thereby foster or hamper students’ development. To shed more light on the teacher’s role with respect to peer relationships, this meta-analysis assessed the association between the quality of teacher–student and peer relationships (n = 297 studies; n = 1,475 unique effect sizes). We took student behavior into account, as it is known to affect both types of relationship. In addition, design characteristics such as positive versus negative aspects of relationships, type of informants, and educational level were considered. Results showed that negative aspects of the teacher–student relationship in particular were predictive of peer relationships. Moreover, teacher–student relationship quality partially mediated the association between student behavior and peer relationships. For teachers, preventing or reducing negative aspects in their relationships with students who have behavioral problems can positively affect classroom peer relationships.
Understanding Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Interactions Using Local Meteorology and Cloud State Constraints

Abstract. While many studies have tried to quantify the sign and the magnitude of the warm cloud response to aerosol loading, both remain uncertain owing to the multitude of factors that modulate microphysical and thermodynamic processes within the cloud. Constraining aerosol-cloud interactions using the local meteorology and cloud liquid water may offer a way to account for covarying influences, potentially increasing our confidence in observational estimates of warm cloud indirect effects. Four years of collocated satellite observations from the NASA A-Train constellation, combined with reanalaysis from MERRA-2, are used to partition warm clouds into regimes based on stability, the free atmospheric relative humidity, and liquid water path. Organizing the sizable number of satellite observations into regimes is shown to minimize the covariance between the environment or liquid water path and the indirect effect. Controlling for local meteorology and cloud state mitigates artificial signals and reveals substantial variance in both the sign and magnitude of the cloud radiative response, including regions where clouds become systematically darker with increased aerosol concentration in dry, unstable environments. The reverse Twomey effect, as it has been called, is evident even under the most stringent of constraints, confirming it is not an artificial signal or an isolated phenomenon. These results suggest it is not meaningful to report a single global sensitivity of cloud radiative effect to aerosol. To the contrary, we find the sensitivity can range from −. 46 to . 11 W m−2ln(AI) regionally.
Gaya Aerodinamik dalam Penerbangan Perspektif Q.S An-Nahl: 79

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran konsep fisika terhadappenjelasan Al-Qur`an Surat An-Nahl Ayat 79 tentang gaya Aerodinamik dalam teknik penerbangan melalui studi analitis terhadap literature-literatur yang ada. Literatur review dilakukan terhadap hasil-hasil penelitian baik dari hasil penelitian terdahulu, dan telaah buku-buku yang berkaitan langsung maupun tak langsung. Penjelasan teori menggunakan teknik induktif, sedangkan tekis analisis menggunakan teknis komparasi dengan menganalis telaah sains dan Al-Qur`an melaui tafsir yang sudah ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Prinsip aerodinamis: (1) gaya angkat pesawat dihasilkan dari udara yang bererak cepatdiatas pesawat, (2) Gaya angkat pesawat akan lebih besar jika sayap agak dibungkukkan; (3) gaya angkat akan berkurang jika sayap lebih condong ke atas. Kualitas penerbangan tergantung pada bentuk aerodinamik bodi pesawat,keberadaan angin vertical dan kekasaran permukaan pesawat, serta impak badan pesawat.
Kinetic study of CO2 plasmas under non-equilibrium conditions. II. Input of vibrational energy

This is the second of two papers presenting the study of vibrational energy exchanges in non-equilibrium CO2 plasmas in low-excitation conditions. The companion paper addresses a theoretical and experimental investigation of the time relaxation of ∼70 individual vibrational levels of ground-state CO 2 ( X 1 Σ + ) molecules during the afterglow of a pulsed DC glow discharge, operating at pressures of a few Torr and discharge currents around 50 mA, where the rate coefficients for vibration–translation (V–T) and vibration–vibration (V–V) energy transfers among these levels are validated (Silva et al 2018 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 27 015019). Herein, the investigation is focused on the active discharge, by extending the model with the inclusion of electron impact processes for vibrational excitation and de-excitation (e-V). The time-dependent calculated densities of the different vibrational levels are compared with experimental data obtained from time-resolved in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It is shown that the vibrational temperature of the asymmetric stretching mode is always larger than the vibrational temperatures of the bending and symmetric stretching modes along the discharge pulse—the latter two remaining very nearly the same and close to the gas temperature. The general good agreement between the model predictions and the experimental results validates the e-V rate coefficients used and provides assurance that the proposed kinetic scheme provides a solid basis to understand the vibrational energy exchanges occurring in CO2 plasmas.
Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Microwave and Conventional Heated Almond Shells Using Phosphoric Acid Activation

Abstract Activated carbon production from almond shells using phosphoric acid activation agent was achieved by applying both conventional heating and microwave heating in succession. The morphology and surface properties of activated carbon were studied using thermogravimetric and differential gravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. A surface area of 1128 m2/g was achieved by optimizing the microwave power (500 W), microwave application time (15 minutes), conventional heating time (45 minutes), conventional heating temperature (500 °C), and the phosphoric acid:sample ratio (0.7:1). An adsorption capacity of methylene blue of 148 mg/g and an iodine value of 791 mg/g was obtained for the prepared activated carbon.
The Mediating Role of WOM (Word of Mouth) Between Antecedents and Purchase Intention among Hotel Guests in Sarawak, Malaysia

Word-of-mouth (WOM) is interpreted as inter-consumer communication regarding their personal experience of a product or service. WOM Marketing has become an important communication tool to promote brands and products. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of WOM on purchase intention as well as to examine WOM as the mediating effect in associating the antecedents (service quality, trust, utilitarian value, and hedonic value) and purchase intention among Sarawak’s hotel guests. Studies have proven that WOM to be rather persuasive compared to advertising in transferring positive or negative information and is set to be one of the most relevant and important strategies to promote hotel’s products. This cross-sectional paper, using self-administered questionnaires, is one of the few papers to examine the prominent factors on word of mouth and purchase intention in the context of Sarawak hotel industry. The targeted population sample consisted of 400 respondents who stayed in the hotels in Kuching. Quantitative study, random sampling method, descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the data collection and analysis, of which SPSS version 23 and PROCESS Model 4 were utilized. The results indicated that there was a significant mediating effect between all the four antecedents and purchase intention.
Effect of Structure and Chemical Activation on the Adsorption Properties of Green Clay Minerals for the Removal of Cationic Dye

In this study, natural clay minerals with green appearance were treated with sulfuric acid. Mass percentage of acid (wt%), temperature (T), contact time (t) and liquid-to-solid mass ratio (R) are used as the prevailing factors that determine the extent of acid-activation. The values of these factors range from 15–50%, 60–90 °C, 1.5–6 h and 4–7, respectively. The study has focused on the structural changes as well as textural characteristics of the clay. Three activated clay samples were prepared under different treatment conditions. The samples were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), chemical analysis and N2 adsorption techniques. Characterization of the treated clay minerals exhibited significant structural changes to a greater extent of acid-activation, from being partially crystalline to being amorphous silica. The surface area and total pore volume of clay increased proportionally with the level of acid treatment. The average pore diameter behaved differently. During the strong acid treatment, a large increase in pore volume and the enlargement of the pore size distribution were observed. This suggests that considerable structural changes and partial destruction may have occurred in this condition. The removal of methylene blue, used as cationic dye, from aqueous solution by the batch adsorption technique on three prepared acid-activated clay samples was studied. The Langmuir model was found to agree well with the experimental data.
EFFECT OF TWO ALGAE; CYSTOSEIRA BARBATA AND DICTYOTA DICHOTOMA ON DIGESTIVE GLAND OF BIOMPHALARIA ALEXANDRINA SNAILS.

Schistosomiasis ranks the second amongst parasitic diseases affecting human. To reduce the incidence of this disease, several strategies were applied including snail control. Chemical control methods have many drawbacks, hence biological control became the concern of many studies. In this study, eight algal species were tested against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails; the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. The bioassay tests revealed that Cystosiera barbata and Dictyota dichotoma were the most effective species, where the LC50 values were 2200 ppm and 560 ppm consequently. Prolonged exposure to LC25 (280 ppm) of D. dichotoma resulted in death of snails after two weeks. In addition, alterations in digestive glands of treated snails with LC5 (220 ppm) and LC25 (280 ppm) of C. barbata and D. dichotoma, respectively were obvious, as vacuolation of digestive cells were recorded after exposure of snails to LC5 of C. barbata. Moreover, exposure of snails to LC25 of D. dichotoma resulted in noticeable vacuolation of digestive cells and degenerated secretory cells; the lumen was nearly disappeared. The maximum elevations in the activities of both aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were observed after 2 weeks of exposure to LC5 (56 ppm) and LC15 (660.7 ppm) of D. dichotoma and C. barbata, respectively. The total protein contents of treated B. alexandrina snails were significantly different from that of control group after 2 weeks of exposure to different concentrations of both effective algae. Testing the sublethal concentrations of both effective algae on the Daphnia pulex showed that LC5 (220 ppm) of C. barbata and LC15 (168 ppm), LC25 (280 ppm) of D. dichotoma were the least harmful to these crustaceans.
¿Qué necesita el alumnado de la tutoría universitaria? Validación de un instrumento de medida a través de un análisis multivariante

El reconocimiento de la tutoría en las universidades se ha incrementado en los últimos años. Su finalidad es generar una formación paralela al avance social y económico, además de conformar un sistema común europeo más competitivo y de mayor calidad. La orientación y la tutoría se convierten en procesos imprescindibles y relevantes de personalización de la enseñanza, que requieren para su puesta en práctica conocer en profundidad cuál es la importancia que el alumnado concede a abordar diferentes contenidos. Este estudio se propone progresar en el conocimiento de la tutoría y de sus necesidades a través del diseño y validación de un cuestionario ad hoc, aplicado a 572 estudiantes de segundo, tercer y cuarto curso de Grados de Ciencias de la Educación. El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio muestra la validez del modelo estructural de cinco dimensiones en torno a las que deben girar los contenidos tutoriales (adaptación al contexto, identidad personal, integración, enseñanza-aprendizaje y desarrollo profesional), siendo el desarrollo y la inserción profesional, la dimensión en la que el alumnado afirma sentir una mayor necesidad de acompañamiento y apoyo mientras que las relacionadas con la adaptación al contexto universitario y el desarrollo de la identidad personal, son las menos reclamadas. Los análisis realizados muestran diferencias según el curso y la titulación de los participantes y señalan la importancia de profundizar en el desarrollo de un modelo integral y comprensivo de tutoría universitaria, adecuando las intervenciones a las necesidades reales del propio alumnado.
Enhancement of nitrogen self-doped nanocarbons electrocatalyst via tune-up solution plasma synthesis

The development of a metal-free carbon based electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an essential issue for energy conversion systems. Herein, we suggest a tune-up solution plasma (SP) synthesis based on a simple one-step and cost-effective method to fabricate nitrogen self-doped graphitic carbon nanosheets (NGS) as an electrocatalyst. This novel strategy using a low-pass filter circuit provides plasma stability and energy control during discharge in pyridine, determining the graphitic structure of nanocarbons doped with nitrogen. Notably, NGS have a relatively high surface area (621 m2 g−1), and high contents of nitrogen bonded as pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N of 55.5 and 21.3%, respectively. As an efficient metal-free electrocatalyst, NGS exhibit a high onset potential (−0.18 V vs. Ag/AgCl) and a 3.8 transferred electron pathway for ORR in alkaline solution, as well as better long-term durability (4% current decrease after 10 000 s of operation) than commercial Pt/C (22% current drop). From this point of view, the nitrogen self-doped graphitic carbon nanosheet material synthesized using the tune-up SP system is a promising catalyst for the ORR, as an alternative to a Pt catalyst for application in energy conversion devices.
Technical note: Absorption aerosol optical depth components from AERONET observations of mixed dust plumes

Abstract. Absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) as obtained from sun–sky photometer measurements provides a measure of the light-absorbing properties of the columnar aerosol loading. However, it is not an unambiguous aerosol-type-specific parameter, particularly if several types of absorbing aerosols, for instance black carbon (BC) and mineral dust, are present in a mixed aerosol plume. The contribution of mineral dust to total aerosol light absorption is particularly important at UV wavelengths. In this study we refine a lidar-based technique applied to the separation of dust and non-dust aerosol types for the use with Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) direct sun and inversion products. We extend the methodology to retrieve AAOD related to non-dust aerosol (AAODnd) and BC (AAODBC). We test the method at selected AERONET sites that are frequently affected by aerosol plumes that contain a mixture of Saharan or Asian mineral dust and biomass-burning smoke or anthropogenic pollution, respectively. We find that aerosol optical depth (AOD) related to mineral dust as obtained with our methodology is frequently smaller than coarse-mode AOD. This suggests that the latter is not an ideal proxy for estimating the contribution of mineral dust to mixed dust plumes. We present the results of the AAODBC retrieval for the selected AERONET sites and compare them to coincident values provided in the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring System aerosol reanalysis. We find that modelled and AERONET AAODBC are most consistent for Asian sites or at Saharan sites with strong local anthropogenic sources.
Eficácia de herbicidas isolados ou em mistura no controle da planta exótica invasora Urochloa subquadripara

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia dos herbicidas glyphosate, saflufenacil, imazamox, imazapyr e penoxsulam, isolados e em mistura, no controle de Urochloa subquadripara. Para tanto, em casa de vegetação, cinco ponteiros das plantas foram transplantados em caixas de 2,5 litros contento 5 cm de solo, areia grossa lavada e composto orgânico (na proporção 1:1:1). Após 30 dias, foi realizada a aplicação dos herbicidas com pulverizador costal à pressão constante de 25 psi mantida por CO2, com consumo de calda equivalentes a 200 L ha-1. As avaliações foram efetuadas por meio de notas de eficácia aos 3, 7, 15, 21, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a aplicação (DAA). Os herbicidas glyphosate e imazamox, isolados, apresentaram excelente controle (100%) de U. subquadripara, enquanto que, o imazapyr e o penoxsulam (48 g ha-1) apresentaram controle satisfatório com 80 a 85% de eficácia de controle. Os herbicidas glyphosate, imazamox e imazapyr (isolados e em mistura), o saflufenacil + glyphosate (mistura) e o penoxsulam + glyphosate (mistura) podem ser empregados em programas de manejo desta planta aquática invasora.
Neuroprotective potential of phenolic extracts of Capsicum frutescens as an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase activities

In this study, we investigated the in vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts from ripe and unripe fruits of Capsicum frutescens . The effects of the extracts on three enzymes which are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) were also investigated together with quantitation of total phenol, flavonoid and non-flavonoid contents of the extracts. Activities of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) from rat brain were determined in the presence of the extracts. 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and OH radicals scavenging abilities, as well as membrane stabilizing effect of the extract via inhibition of Fe 2+ -induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain tissue homogenate were assessed. The results revealed that the extracts exhibited mitochondrial MAO, AChE and BChE inhibitory effects in concentrationdependent manner, with the unripe fruit extract showing significantly higher (P<0.05) inhibitory effects than the ripe fruit extract. However, the ripe fruit extract had significantly higher total phenol and flavonoid contents, as well as exhibited significantly higher (P<0.05) DPPH free radical scavenging and membrane stabilizing effects. The observed antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of ripe and unripe pepper ( C. frutescens ) fruits extracts could be an interplay among their constituent polyphenols. This could be a justification for their use as nutraceutical/dietary intervention in the management of neurodegenerative diseases, especially PD. Collectively, these findings suggest that C. frutescens could serve as a functional food/nutraceutical in the management of PD and our further studies will be directed towards characterization of the biomolecules involved and their mechanism(s) of action in appropriate models. Keywords: Monoamine oxidase, Cholinesterases, Capsicum spp , Neurodegenerative diseases, Functional foods
Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on wheat productivity under different soil moisture contents

Wheat cv. Sakh 93 was planted on a clay soil at Agricultural Research Station Farm, Kafrelsheikh, in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons to investigate the influence of irrigation regime (irrigation at 40, 55, and 70% depletion of available soil moisture, DASM), nitrogen rates (50,70 and 90 kg N/fed.) and potassium rates (0,12 and 24 kg K2O/fed.) on productivity and certain water relations. The reduction in DASM from 70% to 40% at irrigation and increasing either nitrogen or potassium rates resulted in significant increases in spike number m, grain number/ spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, water Applied (WA), water Consumptive Use (WCU), productivity of Water Applied (PWA), productivity of Water Consumptive Use (PWCU), stored Water (SW). Irrigation at 55% DASM with 70 kg N and 24 kg K2O/fed recorded the best values of PWA for grain (1.12 and 1.09 kg grain m AW). Raising the nitrogen rate from 50 to 90 kg N fed significantly raised water applied efficiency (WAE %) in both seasons. Irrigation at 70% DASM with 90 kg N and 0 kg K2O fed produced the highest values of WAE (86.43 and 86.98 %), while irrigation at 40% DASM with 50 kg N and 24 kg K2O/fed produced the lowest values (71.77 and 71.60 %) in both seasons. In conclusion, irrigation at 55% DASM with application of 70 kg N and 12 or 24 kg K2O fed was the best treatment, which resulted in high grain yield with fewer amounts of applied irrigation water and consumptive use.
The Lake Ice Continuum Concept: Influence of Winter Conditions on Energy and Ecosystem Dynamics

Millions of lakes worldwide are distributed at latitudes or elevations resulting in the formation of lake ice during winter. Lake ice affects the transfer of energy, heat, light, and material between lakes and their surroundings creating an environment dramatically different from open‐water conditions. While this fundamental restructuring leads to distinct gradients in ions, dissolved gases, and nutrients throughout the water column, surprisingly little is known about the resulting effects on ecosystem processes and food webs, highlighting the lack of a general limnological framework that characterizes the structure and function of lakes under a gradient of ice cover. Drawing from the literature and three novel case studies, we present the Lake Ice Continuum Concept (LICC) as a model for understanding how key aspects of the physical, chemical, and ecological structure and function of lakes vary along a continuum of winter climate conditions mediated by ice and snow cover. We examine key differences in energy, redox, and ecological community structure and describe how they vary in response to shifts in physical mixing dynamics and light availability for lakes with ice and snow cover, lakes with clear ice alone, and lakes lacking winter ice altogether. Global change is driving ice covered lakes toward not only warmer annual average temperatures but also reduced, intermittent or no ice cover. The LICC highlights the wide range of responses of lakes to ongoing climate‐driven changes in ice cover and serves as a reminder of the need to understand the role of winter in the annual aquatic cycle.
Dark Participation

Citizen participation in the news-making process has been a hopeful promise since the 1990s. Observers hoped for a rejuvenation of journalism and democracy alike. However, many of the enthusiastic theoretical concepts on user engagement did not endure close empirical examination. Some of the major fallacies of these early works (to whom the author contributed himself) will be outlined in this article. As a bleak flip side to these utopian ideas, the concept of “dark participation” is introduced here. As research has revealed, this type of user engagement seems to be growing parallel to the recent wave of populism in Western democracies. In a systematization, some essential aspects of dark participation will be differentiated. Finally, the benefits of (also) looking at the wicked side of things will be discussed.