Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic divergence at the synaptophysin (Syp I) locus among Norwegian coastal and north-east Arctic populations of Atlantic cod

Several nuclear RFLP loci have been discovered recently that exhibit extensive allele frequency variation among Norwegian coastal and north-east Arctic populations of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua. One of these polymorphisms was detected by hybridizing an anonymous cDNA clone (GM798) against genomic DNA digested with the restriction enzyme DraI. This cDNA clone has now been sequenced and identified as synaptophysin (Syp I), an integral synaptic vesicle membrane protein. Primers were constructed that amplify an intron of the Syp I gene that is polymorphic for the DraI site, thus making it possible to use a PCR-based assay to score the polymorphism. A total of 965 individuals sampled from the Barents Sea, coastal areas and fjords in northern Norway have been analysed for this polymorphism. The results confirm that highly significant differences exist between NE Arctic and coastal cod at the Syp I locus. A cluster analysis revealed a deep split between coastal and Arctic populations and hierarchical F-statistics indicated that about 40% of the total variation was attributable to differences between Arctic and coastal groups. The temporal stability of allele frequencies was assessed by comparing Syp I allele frequencies among samples of juveniles (0 group) captured at specific locations in fjords in consecutive years and among samples of adults and juveniles collected from the same fjord. Samples of juveniles collected in 1994 and 1995 in Malangen were genetically indistinguishable whereas juveniles sampled from Donnesfjord and Ullsfjorden over the same 2-year period exhibited significant differences. Adults and 0-group individuals collected from the same fjord were found to be genetically indistinguishable in Malangen, but not in Balsfjorden. In addition to detecting large differences among Arctic and coastal groups, the Syp I locus suggests that genetic heterogeneity exists among resident populations of cod in different fjords and that gene flow among populations throughout northern Norway may be considerably lower than previously believed.
Sequence and Expression of Grasshopper Antennapedia: Comparison toDrosophila

We have cloned and characterized the Antennapedia (Antp) gene from the grasshopper Schistocerca americana. The Antennapedia protein contains seven blocks of sequence, including the homeodomain, that are conserved in the homologous proteins of other insects, interspersed with (usually repetitive) sequences unique to each species. There is no similarity between 1.8 kb of 3 * untranslated sequence in grasshopper and Drosophila. We examined Antennapedia protein expression in grasshopper using an antibody raised against a grasshopper fusion protein and reexamined its expression in Drosophila using several different antibodies. Early patterns of expression in the two insects are quite different, reflecting differing modes of early development. However, by the germband stage, expression patterns are quite similar, with relatively uniform epithelial expression throughout the thoracic and abdominal segments which later retracts to the thorax. Expression is observed in muscle pioneers, the peripheral nervous system, and the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS expression is initially limited to a few neurons, but eventually becomes widespread. Both insects show strong expression in certain homologous identified neurons and similar temporal modulation of expression. q 1995 Academic Press, Inc.
In vitro propagation of Helianthemum almeriense Pau (Cistaceae)

Des extremites de tiges et des segments nodaux ont ete excises de semis cultives in vitro. La croissance de bourgeons axillaires a ete obtenue sur le milieu de Murashige et Skoog (MS) avec 0.46 mmol.l -1 de kinetine sans auxine. Les cultures etablies a partir d'extremites de tiges ou de segments nodaux ont eu le meme taux de multiplication. L'enracinement spontane a ete observe a faible concentration de chokinine jusqu'a la 6e subculture. Ulterieurement, l'enracinement spontane est devenu negligeable. Le pourcentage d'enracinement a augmente jusqu'a 92% en diluant les macroelements []
Effect of sink size on photosynthesis and carbohydrate content of leaves of three spring wheat varieties

Photosynthesis and carbohydrate content of flag leaves were measured during the post-anthesis period of three spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties grown with two levels of nitrogen supply, with ears either left intact or with the upper halves removed at anthesis. With low nitrogen supply, removing the upper half of the ear increased photosynthesis in the varieties Shasta and Anza, but not in Yecora. With high nitrogen, removing half ears inhibited photosynthesis in Yecora but had no effect on the other two varieties. Early in grain growth, halving ears decreased the contents of glucose, fructose (hexose), fructans and starch in leaves of Shasta and Anza, and increased those of Yecora, grown with low nitrogen level. The treatment of the ear increased hexose content of leaves of the three varieties supplied with high nitrogen level but had no effect on fructan and starch contents. Neither with high nor with low nitrogen level was leaf sucrose content affected by the treatment of the ear. There were significant correlations among levels of carbohydrates, the level of hexoses being most closely related to that of fructans. The rate of photosynthesis showed a significant negative regression over hexose levels.
Lateral view of Australopithecus afarensis: primitive aspects of bipedal positional behavior in the earliest hominids

Abstract The pelvis of Al 288-1, when studied laterally, shows the following: (1) the promontory angle measures 70°; (2) the anterior plane of Sl is perpendicular to the plane formed by the biauricular and biacetabular lines; (3) the plane formed by the biauricular and biacetabular lines on one hand, and the plane formed by the two anterior-superior lilac spines and the symphysion on the other hand, are parallel. When the biauricular-biacetabular plane is vertical (necessary requirement for erect posture), the anterior plane of Sl is horizontal and the sacral base makes a steep 70° with the horizontal. In addition, if the vertebral spine is vertical (which is the concept of many anthropologists), lordosis, or the angle formed by the bases of L3 and Sl would have to be 70°. Such concepts, i,e. , the sacral base making a steep 70° with the horizontal and a 70° lordosis, are never seen in human erect posture, except under pathological conditions, and are barely compatible with proper erect posture and locomotion. Other possibilities have been proposed in the anthropological literature and are reviewed. The conclusion is that Lucy's erect posture is unlike that seen in modern humans and is still a mystery. Not enough fossil data are yet available to make a final judgement on the nature of her erect posture.
EFFECT OF PRE-INCUBATION FUMIGATION WITH FORMALDEHYDE ON THE HATCHABILITY OF CHICKEN EGGS

A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate pre-incubation fumigation effects on hatchability using formalin and potassium permanganate. Evidence is provided that embryo viability was not impaired when 1.5 cc of formalin were used with 1 g potassium permanganate per 0.02832 m3 of fumigation chamber, under the following conditions: Fumigation time was 20 to 30 min, egg pack was adequately ventilated immediately after fumigation (at least 24 hours of ventilation prior to packing in a case), relative humidities ranged from 49 to 58% or 60 to 78% when fumigating at a maximum temperature of 37 C, and temperatures of either 23 or 37 C were used with relative humidities ranging from 60 to 78% during fumigation. These fumigation procedures did not affect hatch-ability, even when eggs were prewarmed at 37 C for 3 hours prior to fumigating at 23 C for 20 min, or when the prefumigation egg temperatures were 11 or 16 C prior to fumigating at 37 C, which resulted in considerable condensation of moisture on the e.
Improvement in Scalp Dermatomyositis with Platelet-Rich Plasma

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an inflammatory myopathy with hallmark cutaneous findings, including heliotrope rash, Gottron’s papules, as well as photodistributed erythema and/or poikiloderma. Scalp DM (SDM) presents as erythematous plaques with overlying scale, associated with severe burning pruritus. Due to inflammation, it may also present with non-scarring alopecia. First-line treatment for SDM includes intralesional corticosteroids; however, to date, no therapy has proven effective. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an emerging treatment modality for a variety of disease entities including arthritis, oral surgery, and skin rejuvenation. Recent reports demonstrate PRP may have a promising role in hair regrowth. Herein, we report a case of refractory SDM with significant clinical improvement after treatment with subdermal PRP injections of the scalp. We also used optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a non-invasive imaging methodology to longitudinally monitor hair growth over the 18-week PRP treatment interval.
Variability selection in hominid evolution

Variability selection (abbreviated as VS) is a process considered to link adaptive change to large degrees of environment variability. Its application to hominid evolution is based, in part, on the pronounced rise in environmental remodeling that took place over the past several million years. The VS hypothesis differs from prior views of hominid evolution, which stress the consistent selective effects associated with specific habitats or directional trends (e.g., woodland, savanna expansion, cooling). According to the VS hypothesis, wide fluctuations over time created a growing disparity in adaptive conditions. Inconsistency in selection eventually caused habitat‐specific adaptations to be replaced by structures and behaviors responsive to complex environmental change. Key hominid adaptations, in fact, emerged during times of heightened variability. Early bipedality, encephalized brains, and complex human sociality appear to signify a sequence of VS adaptations—i.e., a ratcheting up of versatility and responsiveness to novel environments experienced over the past 6 million years. The adaptive results of VS cannot be extrapolated from selection within a single environmental shift or relatively stable habitat. If some complex traits indeed require disparities in adaptive setting (and relative fitness) in order to evolve, the VS idea counters the prevailing view that adaptive change necessitates long‐term, directional consistency in selection. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Response to added nitrogen of a continuous potato sequence as related to sand thickness over clay

This study evaluated the effect of rate and timing of N fertilizer application on tuber yield, tuber size distribution and tuber specific gravity of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in two sites in a commercial field in 1999–2001. One trial was established at each of the two sites chosen to represent two management zones (MZ) previously delineated by soil electrical conductivity, and differing in soil water availability, as controlled by depth to a clayey substratum. Each trial had 21 treatments including five rates of ammonium nitrate (0–200 kg N ha-1 in 1999; 0–240 kg N ha-1 in 2000 and 2001), each applied according to five application timings (100, 75, 50, 25 or 0% of N applied at planting with the remainder applied at hilling). Increasing N rate increased total and marketable tuber yields in both sites. The N rates required to optimize economic return ranged from 167 to 239 kg ha-1 among years and between sites. Nitrogen fertilizer applied all at planting or all at hilling decreased tuber yields in both .
Life-History Trade-Offs of Breeding in One-Year-Old Male Cooper'S Hawks

Abstract. Life-history theory suggests that delayed maturation is beneficial to birds when costs of breeding early in life are high. We compared selected aspects of the biology of male Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii) that began breeding at 1 year of age (SY males) vs. males that began breeding ≥2 years of age (ASY males) in an effort to elucidate what renders breeding of SY males rare. Of the 732 males of known age whose breeding we studied over 32 years (1980–2011) 13 (2%) were SY and 719 (98%) were ASY During this period, the incidence of breeding of SY males changed markedly, as 12 of the instances of breeding of SY males were recorded in the first half of our study, only 1 in the latter half. We suggest that SY males could acquire nest sites more readily in the first half of the study when the breeding population of ASY males was apparently lower. Males breeding in their second year were on average similar in size to ASY males but were molting more extensively than were ASY males. ASY males lived longer than males breeding in their second year, and maximum lifetime production of young was greater, so SY males may have sacrificed greater longevity for breeding early. A strategy of facultative breeding in response to the constraints of higher numbers of older breeding males and restraints of trade-offs in energy allocation may explain why SY male Cooper's Hawks rarely breed.
Reproductive Characterization of Bahiagrass Germplasm

Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) is one of the major forage grasses used for beef cattle production in the southern USA. Description of the reproductive characteristics of bahiagrass germplasm is needed for genetic improvement of this forage crop. The objective was to determine and compare the mode of reproduction of diploid and tetraploid germplasm of bahiagrass. Reproductive behavior was determined by embryo sac observations and a series of controlled pollination studies in the greenhouse and field in 2004 and 2005. Two sexual diploid populations ('Pensacola' and 'Tifton 9') were not different in self- or cross-fertility, indicating that the general fertility of the crop was not affected by phenotypic mass selection. Sexual diploids, as a group, were determined to be primarily cross-pollinated, with low but variable levels of self-fertility. A group of 20 artificially induced tetraploids was determined to be primarily sexual and cross-pollinated. Fertility of these autotetraploids was lower than the original dipbids. Two selected sexual tetraploids produced similar amounts of seed when self- or cross-pollinated. In contrast, six other tetraploids, including the cultivars Argentine and Wilming-ton, the experimental hybrid Tifton 7, and three plant introductions 815732, 315733, and 315734 reproduced primarily by apomixis. The sexual or apomictic expression, the general fertility, and other agronomic characteristics of these groups of tetraploids define their usefulness for genetic improvement research.
Fenologia reprodutiva do maracujazeiro-azedo no município de Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ

Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a fenologia reprodutiva do maracujazeiro-azedo no periodo de setembro de 2009 a setembro de 2010, nas condicoes do municipio de Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ (21° 45'W; 41°20'S). Avaliaram-se os dados referentes ao florescimento e frutificacao, correlacionados com variaveis climatologicas (temperatura e pluviosidade). Uma escala para a avaliacao do desenvolvimento dos estadios fenologicos reprodutivos do maracujazeiro-azedo foi proposta, com base em imagens digitalizadas de nove fenofases. Observou-se que o florescimento foi de outubro a marco, meses com as maiores temperaturas medias, com pico no mes de janeiro e maior percentagem de frutos maduros no mes de fevereiro. A escala das diferentes fenofases foi util na caracterizacao da fenologia reprodutiva do maracujazeiro-azedo. A variavel temperatura apresentou alta correlacao com o numero de flores (0,87), indicando que e um agente fundamental no florescimento do maracujazeiro-azedo.
Orientation behaviour and heterozygosity of sandhopper populations in relation to stability of beach environments

Felicita Scapini,’ Marcello Buiatti,’ Elvira De Matthaeis’ and Marco Mattoccia3 ‘Dipartimento di Biologia animale e Genetica, Universitri, via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy *Dipartimento di Biologia animale e dell’Uomo, Universitti “La Sapienza”, viale dell’Universitci 32, 00185 Roma, Italy 3Dipartimento di Biologia, Tor Vergata, II Universitd di Roma, via 0. Raimondo, 00173 Roma, Italy Key words: Amphipoda; behaviour; orientation; heterozygosity. Introduction The talitrid amphipod Talitrus saltator (Montagu) is a common inhabitant of sandy beaches, where it lives its whole life cycle, avoiding both the arid environment inland and submersion in sea water. Orientation towards the sea is critical for fitness, because good orientation is needed to avoid death by dehydration. During the night sandhoppers from Mediterranean populations migrate inland to feed, during the day they remain burrowed in moist sand at the water’s edge (Scapini et al., 1992). Orientation for zonal recovery occurs mainly by following a sun compass (see Pardi and Ercolini, 1986 for a review). This is of high survival value since these amphipods are not protected against dehydration by morphological structure and the narrow strip of moist sand at water’s edge is subjected to periodic and aperiodic shifting due to tides and storms. It has been shown that the sun compass is genetically determined. Differences among natural populations along the Italian Tyrrhenian and Adriatic shores are related to the orientation of the seashores where they live (Pardi, 1960; Pardi and Scapini, 1983; Scapini et al., 1985; Scapini and Buitatti, 1985; Scapini and Fasinella, 1990). However, the orientation tendency seems to be the result of a non-additive continuous interplay between individual learning and plasticity on one hand, and genetic variation on the population level on the other. It is through both processes that populations adapt to rapid environmental changes (Scapini et al., 1988; Ugolini and Scapini, 1988). Orientation, therefore, being a genetically determined character connected to fitness, for which the relative contributions of genetic and learning components 43
The ensilage of sorghum at a range of crop maturities

This study, using miniature silos, bas shown that sorghum cut at the booting stage can produce acid silage. Such early harvesting produced silage with a crude protein content of 10 per cent of its dry weight, did not significantly reduce the yield per acre of silage protein, but reduced the yield of silage by some 40 per cent. Sorghum cut before the booting stage failed to produce satisfactory acid silage. Thic could not he explained by low initial sugar contents. Also, a comparison of the fermentation behaviour over the range of crop maturities in miniature silos and water slurries suggests that physical conditions, such as moisture contents and the release of cell constituents, had little influence on the development of acidity.
Contribution to the knowledge of the infection with Acanthocephala of a predatory Antarctic ice-fish Chaenocephalus aceratus

Adult females of a predatory fish, the blackfin icefish, Chaenocephalus aceratus examined at the South Shetland Islands and South Orkney Islands were by several orders of magnitude more infected with Acanthocephala than the males and immature females. Such phenomenon has not been observed in the neritic zone at South Georgia. Cystacanths of Corynosoma hamanni and Corynosoma pseudohamanni were the dominant parasites in Admiralty Bay, whereas Corynosoma bullosum was the dominant in the open sea off the South Shetland Islands and South Georgia, and in the sub−coastal waters off the South Ork− ney Islands. However, the dominance of C. bullosum was observed in several hosts in Ad− miralty Bay and the co−dominance of C. bullosum, C. hamanni, and C. pseudohamanni in one mature female in the neritic zone at the South Shetland Islands. Probably, these fish pre− viously lived in the open sea. Cystacanths of Corynosoma arctocephali and Corynosoma shackletoni occurred in the fish in Admiralty Bay and off South Georgia. The former para− site was present also off the South Orkney Islands. One cystacanth of Andracantha baylisi was found off South Georgia. Two echinorhynchids, Aspersentis megarhynchus and Meta− canthocephalus dalmori, occurred in the alimentary tracts of the fish caught in Admiralty Bay and one specimen of Echinorhynchus petrotschenkoi off the South Shetland Islands. The highest infection, amounting to 816 acanthocephalans, was found in a mature female in Admiralty Bay. One cystacanth of C. hamanni occurred in a single immature fish caught in the sub−coastal area off Deception Island.
Assessment of Genotype X Environment Interaction and Stability of Promising Sugarcane Genotypes for Different Agronomic Characters in Peshawar Valley

Sugarcane germplasm screening and testing for superior attributes is a regular feature of the breeding program at Sugar Crops Research Institute, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Sixteen genotypes which were in the final stages of selection were evaluated in three different environments for Genotype by Environment (G x E) interaction and stability performance. Combined analysis of variance showed highly significant variances for Environments (E), Genotypes (G), and their interaction (G x E). The effect of environments was very pronounced for all the characters highlighting their importance in the performance of genotypes. None of the genotypes was stable across the three environments for all characters. However, genotypes Mardan 93 and CP 77/400 showed a comparative stability for cane yield (t/ha).
The effect of low temperatures on diapause and non-diapause larvae of the pine caterpillar, Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

Some effects of low temperatures on diapause and non-diapause larvae of the pine caterpillar, Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), were investigated in laboratory experiments. The results indicated that diapause larvae had higher survival rates than non-diapause larvae at earlier stages of exposure to the low temperatures (−10, −17 and −21°C). In general, the larvae lives were shorter when they were exposed to the lower temperatures. Exposure to chilling at 0°C (cold pulse) in advance increased the survival rate of larvae when they were exposed to −10°C, and the survival rate increased with the length of cold pulse (doubled at 50 min). No larvae could survive after the 50th day of daily exposure to −10°C for 1 h followed by exposure to 27±1°C for 23 h. The water contents of diapause and non-diapause larvae differed significantly, and the super-cooling points (SCPs) of non-diapause larvae were significantly higher than those of diapause larvae.