Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1. Introduction. Local organisation to address flood risks: possibilities for adaptation to climate change?

Adaptation to climate change has recently arisen as a major issue for local planning and organisation. While mitigation – the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions – is necessary to limit risks, present assessments suggest that even at existing emission levels we need to develop adaptations or ways of managing the effects of climate change. Water resources are among the components of the environment most seriously affected by climate change, and water-related hazards make up 90 per cent of all natural hazards (Sadoff and Muller 2009; Connor and Stoddard 2012; cf. IPCC 2012). In the European Union (EU), over 40 billion euros per year are currently spent on flood mitigation, and recovery and compensation for flood damage, most of this sum in urban areas. Between 2000 and 2009, Europe ‘witnessed some of the largest flooding events in its history’ (van Ree et al. 2011: 874). While much of the rise in losses from natural disasters is a result of increased assets in risk areas, it signals higher potential risk in the context of climate change (Connor and Stoddard 2012). Built environments, which are prevalent in flood risk areas due to the concentration of population in coastal and river areas, affect and are affected by floods, and make the costs of infrastructure damage particularly large (Wheather and Evans 2009; EEA 2012). Some of the potential consequences of climate change include increased costs for the infrastructure of inhabited areas, including roads,
Effect of Two Different Cavity Disinfectants on Microleakage in Class II Cavities Restored with Composite Using Eighth Gen Bonding Agent-An Invitro Study

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine and compare the effect of two disinfectants (2% chlorhexidine and 19% EDTA) on gingival microleakage in class II composite restoration using eighth generation bonding agent. Materials and method: Class II cavities were prepared on mesial and distal surfaces of 45 non-carious mandibular molars, resulting in total 90 cavities. All the 90 cavities were rinsed with distilled water and dried with a blast of compressor air. Each 15 samples were assigned to the control group and into two experimental groups. Group Isamples were applied with2% chlorhexidine (Consepsis, Ultra dent) and Group II samples were applied with19% EDTA (File-Eze Ultra dent, USA). cavity disinfectants were rinsed & dried, dental etch was applied and rinsed off and a coat of G-Premio bondwas applied, samples were cured and restored with G-aenialposterior composite. Microleakage was evaluated at the gingival margin using dyepenetration method. The sections were examined using stereomicroscope (X30) is scored on a scale of 0-3 is data analyzed using Chi-square test. Results & Conclusion: Group I samples disinfected with 2% CHLORHEXIDINE showed a least microleakage when compared to other two groups.
Composting of the waste of the heart of palm agroindustry for the cultivation of edible mushrooms

Abstract The agribusiness of heart of palm (Bactris gasipaes) generates large amounts of waste, causing environmental impacts. Before this waste is returned to crop soil, it can be used in the production of carpophores of Pleurotus sp. in combination with other organic sources. This work characterized, at the physical-chemical level and in terms of the availability of macro- and micronutrients, compost based on the agroindustrial waste of heart of palm and chicken manure. A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment (factor 1 = forms of compost; factor 2 = proportion of waste and factor 3 = harvest times) in one completely randomized design of eight treatments with six replicates was applied. The following maximum values were obtained for treatments (T): pH = 6.50 (T5), OM = 11.49% (T5), CEC = 66.77 mEq/100 g (T2); EC = 9.20 dS/m (T8), ash = 50.12% (T4), C/N = 11.71 (T4), N = 0.72% (T7), P = 154.62 ppm (T7), K = 9590.96 ppm (T5), Ca = 25.60 mEq/100 g (T6), Mg = 17.18 mEq/100 g (T6), Na = 1.38 mEq/100 g (T8), cellulose = 23.72% (T1), hemicellulose = 12.50% (T1). Despite the significant differences between treatments, these results are insufficient for the growth and development of these mushrooms. However, T5 (with a proportion of lignin closest to that needed: 43.64%) is the best to use from day 16 of composting, as long as it is complemented with substrates that cover the needs of Pleurotus sp.
Fusarium Head Blight and Associated Mycotoxins in Grains and Straw of Barley: Influence of Agricultural Practices

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease of small-grain cereals that causes significant yield losses and mycotoxin contamination, diminishing food and feed safety worldwide. In contrast to wheat, little is known about the agricultural practices that influence FHB and Fusarium mycotoxins in barley. Thus, a nationwide survey was conducted across Switzerland for harvest samples in 2016 and 2017, accompanied with a questionnaire to obtain information about the agricultural practices in each barley field. In total, 253 grain and 237 straw samples were analyzed. In both years, F. graminearum was the predominant Fusarium species in grains followed by F. avenaceum and F. poae. Growing maize before barley was associated with increased amount of F. graminearum DNA in grains and straw as well as with elevated concentrations of deoxynivalenol in grains of barley. On the other hand, growing pasture before barley resulted in increased incidence of F. poae and concentration of numerous mycotoxins in grains (e.g., enniatins) and straw (e.g., beauvericin). Reduced tillage practices were linked to increased incidence of F. graminearum and deoxynivalenol content in grains and straw. In contrast, conventional tillage was linked to higher incidence of F. poae. Moreover, use of spring barley was associated with decreased amount of F. graminearum DNA in grains and straw, but increased incidence of F. poae and F. avenaceum. Use of the spring variety Eunova was linked to increased concentrations of several Fusarium mycotoxins in grains (e.g., enniatins and nivalenol). Furthermore, the application of strobilurin-based fungicides was associated with higher deoxynivalenol and beauvericin contents in grains. The application of plant growth regulators was associated with increased concentration of some Fusarium mycotoxins in grains (e.g., culmorin), while absence of growth regulators application was linked to elevated concentration of some other mycotoxins (e.g., nivalenol). We conclude that individual agricultural practices can suppress some FHB causing species and reduce the associated mycotoxins, but can promote others. Hence, integrated control measures combining numerous prevention and intervention strategies should be applied for the sustainable management of mycotoxins in barley.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Thiamphenicol After A Single Intravenous and Oral Administrations in Broiler Chickens

The pharmacokinetic profile of thiamphenicol was studied in broiler chickens following a single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration at dosage rate 30 mg/kg BW. Serum concentrations of TP were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After IV dose, the serum thiamphenicol concentration time course was found to obey two-compartment open model. After IV dose, elimination half-life (t1/2λz), volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss), total body clearance (Cltot) and mean residence time (MRT) of TP were 4.58±0.2hr, 2.31±0.1L/kg, 0.31±0.006L/hr/kg, and 2.44±0.1hr, respectively. After oral administration of thiamphenicol, the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 14.58±0. 1μg/ml and was obtained at 3.64±0.01hr (tmax) post administration. Elimination half-life (t1/2el) and absorption half-life t1/2ab. ) were 2.65±0.01hr and 2.06±0.01hr, respectively. The systemic bioavailability following oral administration of TP was 117.79±1.2%. TP therapy with dosage rate of 30 mg/kg BW is suggested for a beneficial clinical effect in broiler chickens.
A comprehensive history of motility and Archaellation in Archaea

ABSTRACT Each of the three Domains of life, Eukarya, Bacteria and Archaea, have swimming structures that were all originally called flagella, despite the fact that none were evolutionarily related to either of the other two. Surprisingly, this was true even in the two prokaryotic Domains of Bacteria and Archaea. Beginning in the 1980s, evidence gradually accumulated that convincingly demonstrated that the motility organelle in Archaea was unrelated to that found in Bacteria, but surprisingly shared significant similarities to type IV pili. This information culminated in the proposal, in 2012, that the ‘archaeal flagellum’ be assigned a new name, the archaellum. In this review, we provide a historical overview on archaella and motility research in Archaea, beginning with the first simple observations of motile extreme halophilic archaea a century ago up to state-of-the-art cryo-tomography of the archaellum motor complex and filament observed today. In addition to structural and biochemical data which revealed the archaellum to be a type IV pilus-like structure repurposed as a rotating nanomachine (Beeby et al. 2020), we also review the initial discoveries and subsequent advances using a wide variety of approaches to reveal: complex regulatory events that lead to the assembly of the archaellum filaments (archaellation); the roles of the various archaellum proteins; key post-translational modifications of the archaellum structural subunits; evolutionary relationships; functions of archaella other than motility and the biotechnological potential of this fascinating structure. The progress made in understanding the structure and assembly of the archaellum is highlighted by comparing early models to what is known today.
Contributions of Arctic Sea‐Ice Loss and East Siberian Atmospheric Blocking to 2020 Record‐Breaking Meiyu‐Baiu Rainfall

Heavy Meiyu‐Baiu rainfall occurred over central‐east China and Japan in June–July 2020. This study analyzes observational and reanalysis data and performs atmospheric model simulations to investigate its causes. It is found that low Arctic sea ice cover (SIC) in late spring‐early summer of 2020 along the Siberian coast was an important factor. The low SIC caused local warming and high pressure, resulted in excessive atmospheric blockings over East Siberia, which caused cold air outbreaks into the Meiyu‐Baiu region, stopped the seasonal northward march of the Meiyu‐Baiu front, and increased the thermal contrast across the front, leading to record‐breaking rainfall in June–July 2020. Our results suggest that the 2020 extreme Meiyu‐Baiu was partly caused by the low SIC around the Siberian coast through its impact on East Siberian blockings. As sea ice along the Siberian coast decreases under global warming, its variations and thus influence on Meiyu‐Baiu rainfall may weaken.
Effect of soil moisture on soil compaction during skidding operations in poplar plantation

ABSTRACT Poplar plantations have been widely practiced in the coastal area of the Caspian Sea in northern Iran. In this research, soil compaction following logging operations carried out by wheeled cable skidder was investigated in two poplar plantations with different characteristics including moist soil and dry soil. The soil gravimetric moisture content (MC) in the dry site ranged from 13% to 14.4%, while in the moist site it ranged from 30.5% to 34.6%. The mineral soil samples were collected from the skid trails in both sites. The impact of skidding operations on soil layers (soil depth, SD) was examined by measuring rut depth (RD), penetration resistance (PR), bulk density (BD), and total porosity (TP) at five traffic intensities (TI). Results indicated that MC and TI had a significant effect on RD, PR, BD, and TP; however, SD had a significant effect on PR and BD. The values of BD were significantly higher in the moist site than in the dry site, while the values of PR and TP were significantly higher in the dry site than in the moist site. The RD in the moist site (11.7 cm) was 1.65 times more than RD in the dry site (7.1 cm) after one pass where a pass was defined as one empty and one loaded trip over a spot. The differences between BD after 10 and 15 passes were not significant on the dry site, but significant in the moist site. We concluded that skidding operations should be conducted when soil conditions are dry.
Theoretical use of boron nitride nanotubes as a perfect container for anticancer molecules

In recent years great interest has emerged in the development of nanocarriers for drug transport. One of the major challenges is to obtain a drug delivery system able to control the drug release profile, transport absorption and distribution, in the view of improving efficacy and safety. Herein, we present theoretical results based on density functional theory (DFT) to determine the best adsorption site for the anticancer ifosfamide molecule in boron nitride nanotubes. For this functionalized system we determine the dependence of the adsorption energy on the displacement of molecules in the outer and inner boron nitride surfaces, together with their local morphological and charge modifications. Quantum simulations show that the most stable physisorption state is located inside the nanotube, with no net charge transfer between each subsystem, and no barrier energy at the nanotube entrance. This demonstrates that chemotherapeutic encapsulation is the most favorable way for ifosfamide to be vectorized.
DATA OPTIMIZATION ON THE ACCURACY OF FORECASTING ELECTRICITY ENERGY SALES USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS BASED ON SPATIAL

It is very important to make forecasts to support future planning. In electricity field, for estimating the demand for electrical energy, there are several influential factors to be considered, e.g. economic growth, increased demand for electricity, and the capacity of power and electrical energy providers. The limited availability of data and variables causes the predictions made to be inaccurate. This paper focuses on the accuracy of forecasting with various numbers of variables to optimize the data held. The initial stage of this research is the division of clusters using the hierarchical clustering method to divide 24 administrative regions into 6 clusters, and to increase the accuracy of forecasting using principal component regression. Based on the results obtained, it can be seen that the MAPE values vary in each cluster. The use of 7 variables in forecasting, in general, shows better accuracy than the use of 6 or 5 variables. However, the difference between the number of these variables is narrow. In cluster 6, the MAPE value in 7 variables is 0.88% while in 5 variables the MAPE value is 0.91%. In cluster 1 and cluster 4, the use of 5 variables has a better value than the use of other variables. Thus, this model can be used and developed to do forecasting even though it uses limited data and variables. Keyword: Spatial Forecasting, Clustering, Principal Component Analysis JEL Clafissifications: C210, C25, C380
Effectiveness and Compatibility of Nanoparticle Based Multifunctional Coatings on Natural and Man-Made Stones

The interaction of microorganisms with stone materials leads to biodeterioration processes, which may cause aesthetic damages and the loss of durability and strength of the substrates. Innovative solutions against this process are represented by nanotechnologies. In our previous works, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole was successfully encapsulated within two silica-based nanodevices: nanocapsules and mesoporous nanoparticles. Such loaded nanodevices have been dispersed in TEOS based coatings, characterized as far as their chemical–physical properties and in vitro biocide efficacy. Here, we adopt a multi-technic approach, to assess the coatings efficacy and compatibility with four types of stones of cultural heritage interest, namely, mortar, brick, travertine, and Carrara marble. In particular, we determine the protective function of the coatings, based on water transport properties (reduction up to a factor 10 of the water absorption for brick and mortar, without significantly influencing water vapor transmission rate), morphology of the surface (absence of coating cracks and color changes), and TiO2 photocatalytic activity. Consequently, these coatings can be considered suitable for application on stone artifacts, without interfering with their artistic appearance.
Is It Possible to Estimate the Composition of a Cow’s Diet Based on the Parameters of Its Milk?

Understanding the composition of a cow’s diet through the analysis of its milk is very useful in the linking of the product consumed with the systems involved in its production. The aim of this study is to show the diet–milk composition relationship using correspondence analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. This study analyzed 174 tank milk samples taken from 89 commercial farms located in “Green Spain”. Sampling was performed in two different periods: autumn 2016 and spring 2017. The correspondence analysis allowed for study into the general relationships between diet components and their relationship with the composition of milk (chemical composition, fatty acid profile (FA), and fat-soluble antioxidants (FSA)). The model used to estimate the percentage of fresh grass (FG) in the diet had a high predictive power (Raj2 > 0.7), and the explanatory variables included in the model were linolenic acid (C18:3-n3), vaccenic acid (trans11-C18:1), and cis12-C18:1. The regression equation was applied to the 174 tank milk samples individually. To evaluate the equation’s predictive capacity, different thresholds for the dry matter percentage of fresh grass in the ration were marked (15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%), above which milk could be considered “grass-fed milk”, and below which, “not grass-fed milk”. The equation is considered valid when it correctly classifies the sample. The highest percentage of success (89.7%) was obtained by marking a threshold of 25% FG. When analyzing the misclassified milk samples, that is, where the equation did not classify the milk sample well according to its fresh grass composition, it was observed that the majority of cases corresponded to milk samples that came from herds fed with fresh grass above the marked threshold (>25%) but with a high content of concentrate in the ration. The conclusion is that the percentage of concentrate in the diet has a very important influence on the fatty acid profile of milk, particularly with respect to fresh grass. This is in such a way that anywhere above a concentrate content of >30%, the equation’s capacity to estimate the percentage of fresh grass decreases.
Locational choice strategy: How FDI’s choice of Indonesia as an investment location towards competitiveness advantage

Globalization causes the world to appear flat without borders. Currently, business actors have the freedom to choose investment locations that can increase vantage for the company. This paper aimed to bring insight into Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)’s decision in relocating to Indonesia and the impact towards the company’s performance. The research approaches are: 1) imitating referenced companies, and 2) supply chain as variables in the selection of investment destination. This study was done in quantitative method. The population of this study was FDI companies in Jababeka Industrial Area. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was chosen in statistical data processing stage. This study concluded that (i) FDI is likely to ignore imitating approach in choosing Indonesia as investment location (ii) Supply chain becomes the main consideration of FDI in choosing Indonesia as investment destination, (iii) agglomeration of similar FDI is likely to benefit organizational competitiveness and (iv) FDI that choose Indonesia as investment destination using supply chain approach gains an advantage of higher organizational competitiveness.
The Theory of Planned Behavior and Marketing Ethics Theory in Predicting Digital Piracy Intentions

This study discusses an interactive model that integrates behaviour theory with ethical theory to determine individual behaviour towards digital piracy. This study uses a quantitative approach by testing assumptions using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) assisted using the AMOS 4.0 application program. The results showed that the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the theory of marketing ethics (HV theory) could be used to predict the intention to commit digital piracy. Digital piracy intentions are not influenced by TPB's arbitrary rules, while digital piracy expectations and behaviour management significantly impact digital piracy intentions. Moral obligations and perceived benefits directly influence digital piracy. Moral obligation has clear negative effects, whereas perceived benefits positively impact piracy. Moral obligation hurts subjective value. Meanwhile, the perceived dangers often undermine individual attitudes towards digital piracy. The benefits people experience influence attitudes to digital piracy. This habit has had a dramatic and positive impact on digital piracy.
Self-Efficacy, Positive Future Outlook and School Burnout in Spanish Adolescents

Background: Environmental and personal circumstances during adolescence cause changes affecting students, their wellbeing, performance, self-efficacy, motivation, and aspirations for the future. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between burnout, self-efficacy, and outlooks by student gender and age, and determine the influence of self-efficacy on burnout and outlooks for the future. Methods: The sample was made up of 1287 high school students. The instruments used to collect data were The Control—Individual Protective Factors Index to evaluate self-efficacy, the Positive Outlook—Individual Protective Factors Index for aspirations, and finally, for burnout, the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: The results showed that the cynicism and exhaustion dimensions of burnout correlated negatively with self-efficacy and outlooks. On the contrary, the academic efficacy dimension showed a positive correlation with self-efficacy. In addition, the gender and age variables were related to burnout. Student self-efficacy was related to burnout and outlooks for the future, where youths with the highest levels of self-efficacy were those who had the most positive outlooks for the future and the least school burnout. Conclusions: Given the academic changes that impede commitment, self-efficacy, and outlooks for the future of youths, the design of intervention programs directed at improving adolescent self-efficacy would lower burnout levels and raise their outlooks.