Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IER-START nomogram for prediction of three-month unfavorable outcome after thrombectomy for stroke

Background The applicability of the current models for predicting functional outcome after thrombectomy in strokes with large vessel occlusion (LVO) is affected by a moderate predictive performance. Aims We aimed to develop and validate a nomogram with pre- and post-treatment factors for prediction of the probability of unfavorable outcome in patients with anterior and posterior LVO who received bridging therapy or direct thrombectomy <6 h of stroke onset. Methods We conducted a cohort study on patients data collected prospectively in the Italian Endovascular Registry (IER). Unfavorable outcome was defined as three-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 3–6. Six predictors, including NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, age, pre-stroke mRS score, bridging therapy or direct thrombectomy, grade of recanalization according to the thrombolysis in cerebral ischemia (TICI) grading system, and onset-to-end procedure time were identified a priori by three stroke experts. To generate the IER-START, the pre-established predictors were entered into a logistic regression model. The discriminative performance of the model was assessed by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Results A total of 1802 patients with complete data for generating the IER-START was randomly dichotomized into training (n = 1219) and test (n = 583) sets. The AUC-ROC of IER-START was 0.838 (95% confidence interval [CI]): 0.816–0.869) in the training set, and 0.820 (95% CI: 0.786–0.854) in the test set. Conclusions The IER-START nomogram is the first prognostic model developed and validated in the largest population of stroke patients currently candidates to thrombectomy which reliably calculates the probability of three-month unfavorable outcome.
Improved Hydrodynamic Analysis of 3-D Hydrofoil and Marine Propeller Using the Potential Panel Method Based on B-Spline Scheme

In this paper, the hydrodynamic performance of lift-body marine propellers and hydrofoils is analyzed using a B-spline potential-based panel method. The potential panel method, based on a combination of two singularity elements, is proposed, and a B-spline curve interpolation method is integrated with the interpolation of the corner points and collocation points to ensure accuracy and continuity of the interpolation points. The B-spline interpolation is used for the distribution of the singularity elements on a complex surface to ensure continuity of the results for the intensity of the singular points and to reduce the possibility of abrupt changes in the surface velocity potential to a certain extent. A conventional cubic spline method is also implemented as a comparison of the proposed method. The surface pressure coefficient and lift the performance of 2-D and 3-D hydrofoils of sweepback and dihedral type with different aspect ratios are analyzed to verify the rationality and feasibility of the present method. The surface pressure distribution and coefficients of thrust and torque are calculated for different marine propellers and compared with the experimental data. A parametric study on the propeller wake model was carried out. The validated results show that it is practical to improve the accuracy of hydrodynamic performance prediction using the improved potential panel method proposed.
Internet-based, therapist-guided, cognitive–behavioural therapy for body dysmorphic disorder with global eligibility for inclusion: an uncontrolled pilot study

Objectives Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an effective treatment for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), but access to treatment around the world is limited. One way to increase access is to administer CBT remotely via the internet. This study represents the first effort to remotely deliver a therapist-supported, internet-based CBT treatment with no restrictions on enrolment based on geographical location, and it aims to assess whether this treatment can be delivered safely across international borders, with outcomes comparable to previous BDD-NET trials. Design Uncontrolled clinical trial. Participants Patients (n=32) in nine different countries were recruited primarily through internet advertisements. Intervention BDD-NET is a 12-week treatment, consisting of eight treatment modules previously shown to be effective in a Swedish version. Setting Therapists based at a single, secondary care centre in Sweden provided active guidance and feedback throughout the treatment via asynchronous electronic messages. Main outcome measure The clinician-administered Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for BDD (BDD-YBOCS). Symptom severity was assessed pretreatment, mid-treatment (6 weeks), post-treatment and at the 3-month follow-up. Results There were significant improvements on BDD-YBOCS scores (F(3, 71.63)=31.79, p<0.001), that were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Mean differences from baseline in BDD-YBOCS scores were −8.12 (week 6), –12.63 (post-treatment) and −11.71 (3-month follow-up). 47% and 50% of participants were considered treatment responders at post-treatment and 3-month follow-up, respectively. Additionally, remission rates were 28% at post-treatment and 44% at 3-month follow-up. The treatment was also deemed acceptable by patients. Conclusions The results suggest that BDD-NET can be safely and effectively delivered across international borders to a culturally diverse sample. Larger scale randomised controlled trials with more participants from non-Western cultures are warranted to further validate the cross-cultural generalisability of this treatment. Trial registration number NCT03517384.
Parental smoking and the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring: An updated meta-analysis of observational studies

Objective Although previous reviews confirmed maternal active smoking was significantly associated with risk of fetal congenital heart defects (CHDs), association between maternal passive smoking and paternal smoking and risk of CHDs is inconclusive nowadays; furthermore, a complete overview is lacking. A meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted to assess the risk of CHDs associated with maternal active and passive smoking and paternal smoking. Methods Seven electronic databases were searched for qualified research up to June 2018. We summarized study characteristics and the summary risk estimates were calculated using either the random-effect model or fixed-effect model. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were carried out to identify the potential heterogeneity moderators. Results One hundred and twenty-five studies involving 137,574 CHDs cases in 8,770,837 study participants were included. Overall, maternal active (risk ratio (RR) = 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16–1.34; p < 0.01) and passive (RR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.81–2.77; p < 0.01) smoking as well as paternal active smoking (RR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.48–2.06; p < 0.01) were significantly associated with CHDs risk. For specific CHD subtypes, our study showed that maternal active smoking was significantly associated with risk of atrial septal defect (RR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02–1.59; p = 0.03) and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.04–1.97; p = 0.03). Relevant heterogeneity moderators have been identified by subgroup analysis. Sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results. Conclusion Maternal active smoking, maternal passive smoking as well as paternal smoking all increased the risk of CHDs in offspring. Preventing parental smoking during peri-pregnancy is a priority for CHDs prevention.
Firm size, information acquisition and price efficiency

We present a model in a competitive market where traders choose between a small and a large firm to acquire costly private information, but they also obtain free public information by observing equilibrium share prices. Our major finding is the existence of a noisy rational expectation competitive equilibrium, in which there are more informed traders of the large firm than those of the small firm. As a result, share prices of the large firm are more informative than those of the small firm. Our empirical study supports the analytical results. By using a bivariate vector autoregressive regression, we are able to conduct a variance decomposition of share prices for different size portfolios. We find that prices of large-size portfolios are more informative because non-value-related price shocks are less important in driving price changes of large-size portfolios than in the case of small-size portfolios.
Stochastic phase-cohesiveness of discrete-time Kuramoto oscillators in a frequency-dependent tree network

This paper presents the notion of stochastic phase-cohesiveness based on the concept of recurrent Markov chains and studies the conditions under which a discrete-time stochastic Kuramoto model is phase-cohesive. It is assumed that the exogenous frequencies of the oscillators are combined with random variables representing uncertainties. A bidirectional tree network is considered such that each oscillator is coupled to its neighbors with a coupling law which depends on its own noisy exogenous frequency. In addition, an undirected tree network is studied. For both cases, a sufficient condition for the common coupling strength ($\kappa$) and a necessary condition for the sampling-period are derived such that the stochastic phase-cohesiveness is achieved. The analysis is performed within the stochastic systems framework and validated by means of numerical simulations.
On the Cauchy problem for the standard linear solid model with heat conduction: Fourier versus Cattaneo

In this paper, we consider the standard linear solid model in $\mathbb{R}^N$ coupled, first, with the Fourier law of heat conduction and, second, with the Cattaneo law. First, we give the appropriate functional setting to prove the well-posedness of both models under certain assumptions on the parameters (that is, $0<\tau\leq \beta$). Second, using the energy method in the Fourier space, we obtain the optimal decay rate of a norm related to the solution both in the Fourier and the Cattaneo heat conduction models under the same assumptions on the parameters. More concretely, we prove that, when $0<\tau<\beta$, the model with heat conduction has the same decay rate as the Cauchy problem without heat conduction (see [Pellicer_Said-Houari_AMO_2017]) both under the Fourier and Cattaneo heat laws. Also, we are able to see that the difference between using a Fourier or Cattaneo law in the heat conduction is not in the decay rate, but in the fact that the Cattaneo coupling exhibits the well-know regularity loss phenomenon, that is, Cattaneo model requires a higher regularity of the initial data for the solution to decay. When $0<\tau=\beta$ (that is, when the dissipation comes through the heat conduction) we still have asymptotic stability in both heat coupling models, but with a slower decay rate. As we prove later, such stability is not possible in the absence of the heat conduction. We also prove the optimality of the previous decay rates for both models by using the eigenvalues expansion method. Finally, we complete the results in [Pellicer_Said-Houari_AMO_2017] by showing how the condition $0<\tau< \beta$ is not only sufficient but also necessary for the asymptotic stability of the problem without heat conduction.
LoRa Indoor Performance: an Office Environment Case Study

When deploying wireless sensor networks in smart buildings, low-power, long-range communication technologies such as LoRa may offer a reliable, low data-rate alternative to existing wireless technologies. For this contribution, custom-built LoRa nodes were used to measure LoRa propagation characteristics for both the 434 MHz and 868 MHz ISM-bands. These measurements show that the presence of people has a negative impact on the quality of the LoRa link and confirm the superiority of the 434 MHz band for indoor LoRa communication.
A literature review of factors associated with fatigue after stroke and a proposal for a framework for clinical utility

ABSTRACT Objective: Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is a common and often disabling consequence of stroke, considered to be a complex multidimensional phenomenon. The present review sought to identify studies examining associations between PSF and at least one factor, with the objective of identifying factors that should be investigated in patients with PSF. Method: A search for research investigating PSF was conducted through PubMed, CINAHL and Psychinfo databases (19 October 2017), and included studies in English published during the last 15 years, with more than 10 stroke participants (>18 years old), fatigue assessed with quantitative measurements, and reported relationship with one or more associated factor/-s. Results: Overall, 281 papers were identified of which 34 were included in the final review. Demographics (gender, age), emotional health (depression, anxiety, coping strategy, and locus of control), clinical factors (sleep, pain, stroke characteristics, biological and immunological factors), social factors (social support, disabilities and functionality in daily life) and cognitive functions were found to be associated with PSF. A new framework is discussed, incorporating modifiability of PSF-related factors to heighten the clinical utility. Conclusions: Post-stroke fatigue is multidimensional phenomena with complex aetiology. Further studies are needed to investigate whether treating associated modifiable factors also can decrease PSF.
Spatially explicit survival modeling for small area cancer data

ABSTRACT In this paper we propose a novel Bayesian statistical methodology for spatial survival data. Our methodology broadens the definition of the survival, density and hazard functions by explicitly modeling the spatial dependency using direct derivations of these functions and their marginals and conditionals. We also derive spatially dependent likelihood functions. Finally we examine the applications of these derivations with geographically augmented survival distributions in the context of the Louisiana Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry prostate cancer data.
Cancer screening: health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions

Abstract Objective: Cancer screening tests have helped to reduce cancer deaths. We provide an overview of recent research pertaining to the definition, health impact, and prevalence of several screening tests. We also discuss the multilevel correlates and determinants of screening and interventions designed to increase uptake. Design: Narrative review. Results: Epidemiologic evidence supports the effectiveness of several cancer screening tests in reducing mortality and are therefore routinely recommended. Nevertheless, uptake of routine screening falls short of recommendations in many countries, especially for colorectal cancer. Screening behaviour varies according to sociodemographic factors in addition to a range of other correlates and determinants at multiple levels. Though health behaviour theories have frequently been used to understand and identify intrapersonal level mechanisms to improve screening uptake, research suggests that additional factors from psychological and affective science, decision science, and behavioural economics should also be considered. Empirical support exists for patient education and provider recommendation interventions. Recent research has considered interventions at other levels, such as clinic, with mixed results. Conclusion: As screening recommendations evolve and become more nuanced with personalised screening, psychologists are well-placed to consider psychological factors, in conjunction with factors from other levels, that are helpful in understanding and changing screening behaviour.
Genes and Attachment 1 Disentangling genes, attachment, and environment: A systematic review of the developmental psychopathology literature on gene–environment interactions and attachment

The role of genetics in relation to attachment is of continued interest to developmental psychology. Recent research has attempted to disentangle genetic main effects, environmental effects, and gene and environment (GxE) interactions in the development of attachment security /insecurity and disorganization. We systematically reviewed associations between gene markers and attachment, including GxE interactions, identifying 27 eligible studies. Inconsistent results emerged for associations between both gene effects and GxE interactions on attachment organization. Where GxE interactions used attachment as the environmental factor in the interaction, we observed more consistent results for differential susceptibility of GxE interactions on offspring behavior. Small sample size and heterogeneity in measurement of environmental factors impacted on comparability of studies. From these results we propose that the future of research into the role of genetic effects in attachment, lies in further exploration of GxE interactions, particularly where attachment acts as an environmental factor impacting on other child developmental outcomes emerging from the caregiving environment, consistent with differential susceptibility approaches to developmental psychopathology. Importantly, from a methodological perspective, establishing the role of gene markers in such models will require a shift towards contemporary genomics, including genome wide analysis (including novel genes and chromosomal loci), and epigenetic individual variations. Genes and Attachment 4
Secondary Outcomes From the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study: Implications for Clinical Practice

ABSTRACT Controlled evaluations comparing medication, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and their combination in the treatment of youth anxiety have predominantly focused on global ratings by independent evaluators. Such ratings are resource intensive, may be of limited generalizability, and do not directly inform our understanding of treatment responses from the perspective of treated families. We examined outcomes from the perspective of treated youth and parents in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study. Participants (N = 488; ages 7–17 years) who had a primary diagnosis of separation, social, and/or generalized anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to a treatment condition in the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study trial. Linear mixed-effects and analysis of covariance models examined parent- and youth-reported anxiety symptoms, impact of anxiety, broader internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, depressive symptoms, and family burden throughout the 12-week acute treatment phase and 6-month follow-up. At Week 12, combination treatment showed superiority over placebo, sertraline, and CBT with regard to parent-reported youth anxiety symptoms, and sertraline and CBT as monotherapies showed superiority over placebo with regard to parent-reported youth anxiety. Combination therapy and sertraline also showed Week 12 superiority over placebo with regard to parent-reported internalizing psychopathology, and superiority over placebo and CBT with regard to parent-reported impact of anxiety, family burden, and youth depressive symptoms. By Week 36, parent reports of many youth outcomes were comparable across active conditions. Youth measures tracked parent measures on many outcomes. Findings were drawn on brief, readily available questionnaires that in conjunction with clinician measures can inform patient-centered care and collaborative decision making.
Sub-Acute Effects of Psilocybin on Empathy, Creative Thinking, and Subjective Well-Being

ABSTRACT Creative thinking and empathy are crucial for everyday interactions and subjective well-being. This is emphasized by studies showing a reduction in these skills in populations where social interaction and subjective well-being are significantly compromised (e.g., depression). Anecdotal reports and recent studies suggest that a single administration of psilocybin can enhance such processes and could therefore be a potential treatment. However, it has yet to be assessed whether effects outlast acute intoxication. The present study aimed to assess the sub-acute effects of psilocybin on creative thinking, empathy, and well-being. Participants attending a psilocybin retreat completed tests of creative (convergent and divergent) thinking and empathy, and the satisfaction with life scale on three occasions: before ingesting psilocybin (N = 55), the morning after (N = 50), and seven days after (N = 22). Results indicated that psilocybin enhanced divergent thinking and emotional empathy the morning after use. Enhancements in convergent thinking, valence-specific emotional empathy, and well-being persisted seven days after use. Sub-acute changes in empathy correlated with changes in well-being. The study demonstrates that a single administration of psilocybin in a social setting may be associated with sub-acute enhancement of creative thinking, empathy, and subjective well-being. Future research should test whether these effects contribute to the therapeutic effects in clinical populations.
Analysis of phytochemical contributors to antioxidant capacity of the peel of Chinese mandarin and orange varieties

Abstract The phytochemicals in the peel of six oranges and ten mandarins including seven wild varieties and three cultivars were systematically characterised using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and the correlation analysis was performed between phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity in order to investigate the phytochemical contributors to antioxidant capacity. The gradient elution was completed within 16 min and 92 compounds were undoubtedly or tentatively identified. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacities were determined using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP methods. The number of compounds, their contents and the antioxidant capacities were sequenced in the same order of the wild mandarins > cultivated mandarins > oranges. The correlation analysis that showed five compounds were significantly correlated with the antioxidant capacity and can act as main contributors to the citrus varieties with high antioxidant capacities. This study is systematic for the metabolites identification of mandarins and oranges and provides valuable information for effective utilisation of citrus peel and their bioactive compounds.
No heartbreak at high altitude; preserved cardiac function in chronic hypoxia

High altitude hypoxia presents a series of challenges to the human heart due to concomitant changes in preload, afterload and contractility. This challenge is characterised by a decrease in blood volume due to plasma volume constriction, an increase in right ventricular afterload via hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, and an increase in sympathetic nerve activity . As such, understanding how the heart adapts to this multifaceted challenge has been a topic of interest to physiologists and clinicians for decades. In the current issue of Experimental Physiology, Maufrais et al. (2019) use modern speckle tracking technology to investigate region-specific cardiac performance in chronic hypoxia.