Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Impact of Entrepreneurial Infrastructure Deficit on Firm Growth

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria are suffering from a deplorable condition of entrepreneurial infrastructure (EI) which is evidenced in the myriad of challenges bedevilling their growth and development. This study therefore aims to investigate the impact of EI deficit on firm growth, focusing on the growth of SMEs in Nigeria. This was done through a critical review of extant literature (peer reviewed journal articles) on EI which were obtained from reputable data bases and broken down into two basic components of infrastructure (physical and non-physical infrastructure). Empirical findings revealed that the availability of physical infrastructure (constant water supply and good road infrastructure) and the non-physical infrastructure (electricity, government policies/programmes, access to financial support services, incubation centers/platforms, business clusters and entrepreneurship training) improves productivity, profitability, sales, number of customers and consistent growth rate of SMEs. Findings of this study would be of help to entrepreneurs, policy makers and the academic community as it will add to the existing literature on how availability of EI impacts the growth of SMEs. The study recommends that government should use fiscal policies to address the economic challenges of SMEs and also invest in the provision of EI facilities to facilitate the growth and development of SMEs in Nigeria.
Keeping Up with the Ponzis

I study how peers influence financial decision-making in a large socially spreading Ponzi scheme. Investors could join the scheme only by personal invitation from an existing member, and I can observe inviter-invitee relationships among the participants. Controlling for personal characteristics and inviter fixed effects, investors invest more if their inviter has comparatively higher income, age, and education. The marginal effect of the inviter’s income is highest when it is just above the invitee’s income, consistent with relative wealth concerns influencing decisionmaking. I also find that social behavior and investment behavior are correlated: Inviters invest more compared to non-inviters.
Infections during pregnancy and after birth, and the risk of autism spectrum disorders: a register-based study utilizing a Danish historic birth cohort.

Objective Mounting evidence suggests that immune dysfunction may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In addition, several studies have reported that congenital and postnatal infections may contribute to the neurobiological basis of ASD. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between infections during pregnancy and after birth, and ASD. Methods A case-control study design was adopted. Both cases and controls were retrieved from a historic birth cohort (HBC) maintained at Statens Serum Institute in Copenhagen/Denmark and were followed up retrospectively during pregnancy and after birth over four pre-defined periods. Study subjects were followed-up utilizing Danish nation-wide health registers for outpatient and hospital admissions due to infections. Associations between infections and ASD were analyzed using Mantel-Haenszel estimate of the odds ratio (OR) and logistic regression models. Results In total, 414 ASD cases and 820 controls were followed-up during pregnancy and a mean 16.3 years after birth. Crude, but not adjusted estimates showed that ASD cases had an increased risk of hospital admission due to infection at the end of the first year of life (OR = 1.48 [range: 1.07-2.05], P = 0.02) and at the end of the follow-up period (OR = 1.30 [range: 1.02-1.64], P = 0.03). Conclusion The present findings indicate that infections have a potential role in the pathophysiology of ASD; however, further studies are necessary to determine if infections etiologically contribute to ASD or if they act as an epiphenomenon due to distorted immunity in children with ASD.
Current concepts of navicular syndrome: diagnosis and treatment

Navicular syndrome is a complex of degenerative processes arising from many types of injury to structures in the heel area of the foot. Although classically presenting as a chronic forelimb lameness, the clinical signs of horses with navicular syndrome can vary widely, leading to difficulties in making a definitive diagnosis. The recent increase in availability of advanced imaging techniques such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging has not only improved our understanding of the disease, but also our ability to localise lesions within the foot that may not be evident on radiographs. Due to the multiple aetiologies that may contribute to any one case, treatment and management of the condition is rarely straightforward and often requires a combination of strategies. This article reviews the current concepts of navicular syndrome and outlines a practical approach to its diagnosis and management.
Investigating Coherence Monitoring in Reading Comprehension between Young Adults and Adolescents

The aim of the present study was to investigate co herence monitoring in reading comprehension between young adults and adol escent. Coherence monitoring ability was examined in 26 young adults and 29 adol escents by using an inconsistency paradigm. Participants read 16 stories with consist ent information and 16 stories with inconsistent information, which also contained some filler sentences that separated the two pieces of conflicting information and aimed to shift readers' attention. The filler section varied in stories from three to six filler s ntences. We also examined differences in participants' working memory capacit y and reading ability that could possibly explain differences in coherence monitorin g between them. The results suggested that both adults and adolescents were abl e to perceive violation of coherence by showing an inconsistency effect, by be ing slower reading inconsistent compare to consistent information of the texts and this effect did not decrease as textual distance increased. However only in the con dition of six filler sentences young adults showed an inconsistency effect while reading text with inconsistent information compare to consistent information while adolescents did not. The results also showed that the two groups do not differ in their working memory capacity but they do differ in their reading ability with adults showing higher r ading ability than adolescents. This difference in reading ability could possibly e xplain their difference in inconsistency effect in the section of six filler s ntences.
Viral and Host Factors are Related to the Progression of HIV Diseases in Mimika, Papua

BACKGROUND: Papua has a high cumulative number of HIV, which has expanded epidemic status with the most risk factors are heterosexuals. AIM: This study aims to determine factors associated with HIV disease progression include host and viral factors. METHODS: Eighty-four subjects recruited in Rumah Sakit Mitra Masyarakat (RSMM) VCT’s laboratory, interviewed with questionnaires and also did laboratory examinations. HIV-1 subtypes were identified using RT-PCR, nested PCR and sequencing. Then, CD4+ data is checked using PIMA Analyzer. Demographic and clinical data obtained from the patient’s medical record. After collected, data were analysed using Fisher’s exact test. RESULTS: The results showed two factors that influence the progression of HIV disease were HIV subtypes (p = 0.002) and Body Mass Index (p = 0.033). The HIV-1 subtype also correlated with CD4+ levels with a value of p = 0.04. CONCLUSION: HIV-1 subtype correlates with HIV progression, so it is necessary to develop HIV/AIDS management strategies and clinical counselling.
Impact of Terrorism on Stock Market: A Case of South Asian Stock Markets

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of terrorism on stock markets of South Asia namely, Karachi Stock Exchange 100 index (Pakistan), Bombay Stock Exchange (India), Colombo Stock Exchange (Sri Lanka) and Chittagong Stock Exchange (Bangladesh). Monthly panel data has been used for the period of January 2000 to December 2016. Terrorism events happened during the period of 2000 to 2016 have been incorporated to examine the impact of terrorism on stock market returns of South Asia. DCC GARCH through R software is used to analyze the impact of terrorism on stock market returns and to analyze the spillover effect of terrorism in one country and on the stock markets of other countries of South Asia. The results indicate that terrorism has significant and negative effect on stock market returns of Pakistan, India and Bangladesh but insignificant in Sri Lanka. Results also shows that stock markets return of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh are significant and positively correlated with each other except the Stock market of Sri Lanka.
Brucellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa: Current challenges for management, diagnosis and control

Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella and affecting domestic and wild mammals. In this paper, the bacteriological and serological evidence of brucellosis in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and its epidemiological characteristics are discussed. The tools available for the diagnosis and treatment of human brucellosis and for the diagnosis and control of animal brucellosis and their applicability in the context of SSA are presented and gaps identiﬁed. These gaps concern mostly the need for simpler and more affordable antimicrobial treatments against human brucellosis, the development of a B. melitensis vaccine that could circumvent the drawbacks of the currently available Rev 1 vaccine, and the investigation of serological diagnostic tests for camel brucellosis and wildlife. Strategies for the implementation of animal vaccination are also discussed.
Comparative Study of Post-Marriage Nationality Of Women in Legal Systems of Different Countries

The objective of this study was to investigate the Representation and the Portrayal of Elders’ Characters in Ethiopian Children’s Books. To achieve this intention, three different publishers were purposively taken, Mega Enterprise, Aster Nega, and Royal, for the books do have large sellers for children’s present day in Ethiopia. Therefore, 38 different books were gathered from selected independent bookstores and taken from wholesalers along availability sampling technique. A coding sheet was utilized to assist in recording data. The information used to establish this recording aid was adapted from Robinson and Anderson’s (2006) content analyses on older characters. The gathered data under the help of three oriented experts were coded and statistically analyzed (using frequency and percentage). Thus, the study found that the elders’ character mostly appeared in children’s picture books. Further, the most of the elders’ characteristics were found to be positive in nature in the sample picture books. In addition to this, both physical and social basis characteristics of elders were found to be represented and portrayed in Ethiopian children’s picture books. Based on these results, it has been concluded that Ethiopian children’s picture books represented and portrayed elders’ characteristics prevalently and positively which in turn indicates the good and acceptable place that elders do have in Ethiopian children’s picture books. However, this study found that the characteristics of the books that represented and portrayed undermined the additional characteristic of elders with special needs. Further, the characters that presented and portrayed in those picture books may not yet included in to academic textbooks of students. Therefore, it has been recommended that the publishers, the educational experts, and the readers as well as the researchers should enforce the concerned bodies to include the elderly characteristics of individuals with special needs (particularly of those with disabilities) in to the readable picture books and should evaluate the contents of academic textbooks.
The in vitro effect of kanamycin on the behaviour of bovine spermatozoa

The use of antibiotics is a common part of animal biotechnologies. Especially, the use of antibiotics in semen extenders is necessary. However, the effect of antibiotics on the spermatozoa structure and function is still not completely examined. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of kanamycin on bovine spermatozoa at concentrations of 80 and 160 µg/mL during the 24 h in vitro cultivation. Semen samples were collected from clinically healthy Holstein-Friesian bulls. At times of 0, 2 and 24 h the motility assessment, mitochondrial activity, acrosomal and membrane integrity evaluation were performed. The sperm motility was measured using the Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Mitochondrial activity was evaluated through the Mitochondrial Toxicity Test (MTT). The acrosomal status was determined using the fast green/rose bengal staining on slides. Similarly, the membrane integrity was analysed using the eosin-nigrosin staining. Our results revealed the dose- and time-dependent effect of kanamycin under the in vitro conditions. In conclusion, the selected concentrations of kanamycin may have adverse effects on the motility, mitochondrial activity, acrosomal and membrane integrity during semen processing. Considering the relatively low concentrations used, we do not recommend to use kanamycin as a supplement in bovine semen extenders.
Family Functioning and Adolescents’ Academic Engagement in Secondary Schools in Ogun State, Nigeria

Introduction: This study investigated the influence of family functioning on academic engagement of secondary school adolescents in Ogun State, Nigeria. Method: The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey research design. A sample of 1,800 senior secondary school students was selected through the multi-stage stratified random sampling technique from an estimated population of 103,981 senior secondary school I and II students in the 2015/2016 academic year. The study adopted two instruments for data collection. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, Independent t-test and Multiple Regression analysis. Results: Findings revealed a significant influence of family functioning on students’ academic engagement. Among the factors of family functioning, problem solving was found to be the most potent contributor to academic engagement, followed by general function. Affective involvement was next and this was followed, though negatively, by affective response. Behavior control was the next potent predictor although negatively too. It was also discovered that communication and roles were not good predictors of students’ academic engagement. Conclusion: Students’ academic engagement specifically depends on the overall family functioning, and more distinctively on problem solving, affective response, affective involvement and behavior control dimensions of family functioning which will positively influence adolescent students’ academic engagement.
EFFECT OF CORIADRUM SATIVUM ON EXPERIMENTALLY IDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE IN RATS

Coriandrum sativum (CS) ; Liver fibrosis; Anti-oxidant activity ; Haematology. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible antifibrotic effect and antioxidant role of Coriandrum sativum (CS) extract against Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)induced liver fibrosis in adult male rats. Method: The extracted CS was proved by phytochemical analysis (thin layer chromatography (TLC)). This study was carraidout on (72) rats these animals were divided into six groups of (72) rats The first group is negative control group. The second group is Positive control group . The third group is Preventive group. The forth group is Therapeutic group. The fifth group is Silymarine group. The sixth group is Combination group.Result: The TLC analysis revealed the presence of some important polyphenolic compounds as Kaempferol ,Quercetin , 3 , -OMe quercetin , 4 , OMe quercetin , Acacetin and some of phenolic acids e.g Vanillic acid , p – Coumaric acid , Cis – Ferulic acid , Trans – Ferulic acid which could be responsible for the anti-oxidant activity . Treatment with CS significantly decreased the elevated plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) while increased the albumin level. It also inhibited the formation of lipid peroxidative products Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) during CCl4 administration. Moreover, treatment CS extract brought significant restoration of the haematological parameters to values that were comparable to those of the control. CS, treatment enhances the liver and kidney health (which confirmed by histopathological studies). Conclusion: The present study indicates that the coriandrum sativum extract possess significant anti-fibrotic and antioxidant activity in liver against experimental hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in vivo. Increasing CS consumption is recommended, especially in cases of heavy contaminants and hepatic and renal disorder.
Determining the contributory factors to successful succession and post-succession performance of family-owned SMEs in South Eastern Nigeria

Objective: This study seeks to determine the contributory factors to successful succession and post-succession performance. And the role of these factors in the post-succession financial and non-financial performance of family-owned SMEs in South Eastern Nigeria. Research Design & Methods: The adopted quantitative methodology is interview. In each of the purposively selected 25 family-owned SMEs, the incumbent, a sibling of the incumbent and a top level manager were interviewed. In all, 75 respondents were interviewed. The transcribed interviews were subjected to thematic content analysis. Findings: The contributory factors to successful succession are the characteristics of succession planning, the incumbent, the potential successor, and the family-owned SME. The factors that contribute to the post-succession performance are the culture of making succession planning a continuous process, and the characteristics of the incumbent and the family-owned SME. These factors ensure that children of the incumbent in the SME become more active so as to be selected as potential successors. Contribution & Value Added: The study identified the contributory factors to successful succession and post-succession performance of the family-owned SMEs. To achieve successful succession and post-succession performance, the incumbents should inculcate the characteristics of these factors into their potential successors. Also, these characteristics should be made part of the culture of the family-owned SMEs.
An illustrated catalogue of Rudolf Sturany’s type specimens in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria (NHMW): Red Sea bivalves

Rudolf Sturany, the curator of molluscs of the Natural History Museum of Vienna between the late 19th and early 20th century described 21 species of bivalves from the Red Sea collected by the pioneering expeditions of the vessel “Pola” which took place between 1895 and 1898. We here list and illustrate the type material of these species, provide the original descriptions, a translation into English, and curatorial and taxonomic comments. All species are illustrated in colour and with SEM imaging. To stabilize the nomenclature, we designate lectotypes for Gastrochaena weinkauffi, Cuspidaria brachyrhynchus, and C. dissociata, whose type series contained specimens belonging to other species. This paper concludes the series on the type specimens of marine molluscs described by Sturany from the “Pola” expeditions.
Seagrass and cuttlefish—an historic association

Except for the New World and Antarctica, cuttlefish are currently found globally in seagrass and other environments. They had an origin in the Late Cretaceous in the North Atlantic. Although cuttlefish are generally rare, Belosaepiidae may locally be more common. These and Sepiidae are recorded in faunal collections that may have come from the proximity of past seagrass environments. By the middle Eocene, cuttlefish may have evolved into modern Sepia. The record of cuttlefish in the New World ceased by the end of the Eocene, possibly as a result of climate cooling. The lack of cuttlefish in the New World continues to the present day. The distribution of cuttlefish during the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic are strongly clustered in the North Atlantic area including Tethys where seagrass had its origin and from which it later radiated globally. Cuttlefish had a relationship with seagrass, which was formed in the Late Cretaceous and this continues to the present day. This fidelity may be due to cuttlefish behaviours in seagrass including feeding, protection, reproduction and seagrass acting as nursery. Fossil cuttlefish are nearly restricted to seagrass environments, which provided the appropriate preservational conditions. Future taphonomic studies may provide reasons for their rarity and near absence from other environments. George F. Forsey. 13 Maclean Close, Northampton, NN3 3DJ, UK. georgesue4c@virginmedia.com
Pseudomonas aeuroginosa Biofilm and Antimicrobial Resistance

Introduction: It has been shown that biofilm formations are responsible for many human infections, especially in chronic infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p.a) is an opportunistic human pathogen, its biofilm has serious negative effects on the health of patients with immune-suppresser e.g. cystic fibrosis individuals. p.a drug resistance, a worldwide concern is increasing and biofilm-forming potential is an increasing factor. Materials and Methods: One-hundred-fifty clinical P.a isolates were collected from Mustafa hospital in Ilam, then their resistance against several β-lactam antibiotics that high consumption in the medical prescription was assessment. Also, biofilm formation was tested by microdilution and microtiter plate methods, respectively. Results: There are abilities biofilm formations among the resistances isolates to the most tested antibiotics. But, we observed only a significant correlation between resistance to ceftazidime (P=0.003) and meropenem (P=0.002) with biofilm formation, both in resistance and sensitive isolates. Conclusion: Biofilm caused by Increasing drug resistance in the world, as β-lactam antibiotics, will be caused a creating complication P.a infection treatment. Moreover, biofilm can form antibiotic-resistant strains and increases many infections in the future. As a result, more studies for founding new drugs against biofilm formation mechanisms are necessary.
Capital Market Competition and the Resolution of Financial Distress: Evidence from Corporate Bankruptcy Filings

We study how credit market competition impacts the resolution of borrowers’ distress. By exploiting positive shocks to competition in the banking industry, we document that higher competition leads to a significant decline in the rate of non-financial firms’ bankruptcy filings. This decline predominantly stems from a sharp reduction in Chapter 11, as opposed to Chapter 7 filings. Changes in economic conditions, firm fundamentals or banks’ preference for risk cannot explain the results. We show that fewer filings are driven by better bank monitoring, higher incentive to to avoid inefficient outcomes, and improved outcomes of private, pre-court workouts. Distressed firms also benefit from improved outcomes and fewer liquidations following a Chapter 11 filing, as well as shorter duration of the legal bankruptcy process.