Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipid biomarkers reveal the trophic plasticity of octocorals along a depth gradient

Symbiotic octocorals are important reef inhabitants, from shallow to mesophotic depths. However, information regarding their nutritional ecology along the depth gradient, and in particular the changes in the autotrophic and heterotrophic acquisition of nutrients, is limited, despite the fact that nutrient acquisition is a fundamental process in explaining the distribution of reef organisms. Here, the abundance of three lipid biomarkers, specific for autotrophy and heterotrophy, was investigated in the tissue of four octocoral species and one scleractinian sampled in shallow and upper mesophotic reefs of the oligotrophic Northern Red Sea. Our findings show functional mixotrophy for all dinoflagellate‐bearing species, with a significant input of heterotrophic feeding on herbivorous crustacean zooplankton at both depths. The relatively high level of the heterotrophic marker in all symbiotic species in shallow conditions does not corroborate the common idea that corals rely mostly on autotrophy in shallow waters. The increase in heterotrophic capacity with depth was however species‐specific, likely related to physiological and morphological characteristics. In addition, octocorals maintained similar concentrations of autotrophic markers with increasing depth, while the scleractinian species exhibited a decrease in these markers with depth. These results are in agreement with previous measurements of photosynthetically‐fixed carbon acquisition, suggesting that autotrophy remains stable in Red sea soft corals, whereas it decreases in scleractinian corals. This study highlights the importance of heterotrophy across the euphotic‐upper mesophotic depth gradient and brings relevant advances on our understanding of the ecological significance of feeding for reef corals.
A Modular Model of Jupiter's Magnetospheric Magnetic Field Based on Juno Data

Accurate modeling of Jupiter's magnetospheric magnetic field is important for not only scientific research but also mission planning. We develop a new empirical global model of Jupiter's magnetic field in the Juno era, including components from the planetary dynamo, Chapman‐Ferraro currents, and equatorial current sheet. The internal field is based on the JRM09 model. The shielding field is obtained by minimizing the component normal to Jupiter's magnetopause and varies due to the change of solar wind dynamic pressure. Combined with the curved magnetodisk, the high‐resolution TS07 method is used for modeling Jupiter's magnetodisc and tail currents. The best‐fitting results show an asymmetric magnetodisc current system in azimuthal direction with a tilted angle to Jupiter's magnetic equator. The sweep‐back effects of Jupiter's magnetic fields are also reproduced by the radial current system. This new model is validated by comparing with Juno's magnetometer data in the range from 5 Rj to 60 Rj, where Rj = 71,492 km is the radius of Jupiter.
Numerical Climatic Analysis of Soybean Development in Sowing Dates in Humid Subtropical Climate

The objective of this study was to determine the mean duration and the interannual variability of phenological subperiods and total soybean development cycle for 11 sowing dates in the humid subtropical climate conditions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Daily meteorological data were used from 1971 to 2017 obtained from the Pelotas agroclimatological station and from 1968 to 2017 from the main climatological station of Santa Maria. The soybean development simulation was performed considering three sets of cultivars of relative maturity groups between 5.9-6.8, 6.9-7.3 and 7.4-8.0, with intervals between the sowing dates of approximately 10 days, comprising September, 21 to December, 31. The data of phenological subperiods duration and total development cycle were subjected to the exploratory analysis BoxPlot, analysis of variance and mean comparison by the Scott-Knott test, with 5% of probability. The development cycle duration is greater in Pelotas than in Santa Maria. There was a decrease in soybean cycle duration from the first to the last sowing date for both locations. The R1-R5 subperiod duration is decreasing from October to December due to photoperiod reduction.
Gender/sex diversity beliefs: Scale construction, validation, and links to prejudice

Prejudice against or affirmation of gender/sex minorities is often framed in terms of beliefs about the ontology of gender/sex (i.e., what gender/sex is), or gender/sex diversity beliefs. We constructed the Gender/Sex Diversity Beliefs Scale (GSDB) to assess ontological beliefs about the nature of gender/sex, including essentialist and social constructionist beliefs, and validated the GSDB across a series of studies. In Study 1 (N = 304), we explored the factor structure of the GSDB and found evidence of associations with prejudice against transgender and/or nonbinary people. In Study 2 (N = 300), we assessed the stability of the factor structure of the GSDB and examined its criterion-related validity, including its relationship to feelings toward multiple gender/sex groups. In Studies 3a (N = 48) and 3b (N = 500), we established test–retest reliability. We conclude that gender/sex diversity beliefs are important for understanding contemporary attitudes about gender/sex, including prejudice against gender/sex minorities, and that the GSDB is a reliable and valid way to measure them.
Educational Distancing: A Mixed-Methods Study of Student Perceptions in the Time of Coronavirus

ABSTRACT COVID-19 has necessitated the largest and quickest transformation of pedagogy ever seen in contemporary education. This research addresses the gaps surrounding teaching in the time of coronavirus by examining student perceptions before and after the coronavirus pandemic using mixed-methods. Study 1 qualitatively content analyzes student responses to the most and least effective aspects of teaching before and after the transition. Study 2 quantitatively analyzes differences in student pedagogical perceptions for the most effective and least effective courses before and after the transition. The results find that student performance and engagement have the most significant decrease for the most effective course, while the technical delivery was also a significant issue for the least effective course. Results also find that supportive and compassionate teaching is critical. The results build upon the gaps in crisis management, blended learning, and synchronous and asynchronous content by examining the student perspective.
AN ATTEMPT TO IMPROVE HATCHABILTY PERCENTAGE OF BRONZE TURKEY EGGS BY TECHNIQUE OF IN OVO INJECTION WITH L- CARNITINE

This study aimed to investigate the effects of pre-incubation in ovo injection with different levels of Lcarnitine (L-Car) on hatchability traits of Bronze Turkey eggs, blood plasma constituents and subsequent growth performance of hatched chicks. A total of 300 hatching eggs of Bronze Turkey were chosen (averaged 80.0 g) and randomly divided into four main groups each of three replicates (25 eggs each). The 1 st group was used as a control (C) without injection, while the 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th groups were injected with 0.1 ml distilled water contained 6, 8 or 10 mg L-Car/egg, respectively. Hatchability (%), Early and late embryonic mortality (%) were calculated. After hatch, 33 chicks were taken from each treatment group then distributed into three replicates (11 chicks, each), then reared up to 48 d-old to evaluate their growth performance. The results indicated that, inovo L-car injection (with 6.0 mg/egg) before incubation had significantly (P≤0.01) increased hatchability (%) of fertile eggs and decreased (P≤0.01) both early and late embryonic mortality compared with the control group (non-injected). Hatched chicks from injected eggs with 6.0 mg L-car /egg recoded a significant (P≤0.01) improvement of all studied growth traits during the entire period after hatch as compared with the other treatment groups. Blood Plasma IGF-1, triiodothyronine and total antioxidant capacity constituents were significantly elevated for chicks at hatch by in ovo L-car injection compared to control group. Histological examination explained an improvement in small intestine and lymphoid organs development by in ovo L-car injection compared to the control group. So, we concluded the in ovo L-car injection (6 mg/egg) before incubation could be used as a promising technical method to improve hatchability and decrease embryonic mortality (%), obtain better immunity and subsequent growth performance of Bronze turkey chicks after hatch.
Potential and challenges of a solid-shell element for the macroscopic forming simulation of engineering textiles

Finite element (FE) forming simulation offers the possibility of a detailed analysis of the deformation behaviour of engineering textiles during forming processes, to predict possible manufacturing effects such as wrinkling or local changes in fibre volume content. The majority of macroscopic simulations are based on conventional two-dimensional shell elements with large aspect ratios to model the membrane and bending behaviour of thin fabrics efficiently. However, a three-dimensional element approach is necessary to account for stresses and strains in thickness direction accurately, which is required for processes with a significant influence of the fabric’s compaction behaviour, e.g. wet compression moulding. Conventional linear 3D-solid elements that would be commercially available for this purpose are rarely suitable for high aspect ratio forming simulations. They are often subjected to several locking phenomena under bending deformation, which leads to a strong dependence of the element formulation on the forming behaviour [1]. Therefore, in the present work a 3D hexahedral solid-shell element, based on the initial work of Schwarze and Reese [2,3], which has shown promising results for the forming of thin isotropic materials [1], is extended for highly anisotropic materials. The advantages of a locking-free element formulation are shown through a comparison to commercially available solid and shell elements in forming simulations of a generic geometry. Additionally, first ideas for an approach of a membrane-bending-decoupling based on a Taylor approximation of the strain are discussed, which is necessary for an accurate description of the deformation behaviour of thin fabrics.
Atmospheric induced nanoparticles due to the urban street dust

ABSTRACT Urban street dust (SD) represents a natural source of mineral floating particles (FP) in the atmosphere. The FP particles have usually a wide range of sizes. These particles were monitored and collected by automatic stations in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The SD and FP samples were investigated by XRD and SEM-EDX analysis. The obtained results prove that both, SD and FP, have a similar composition, namely quartz, clay particles (e.g., muscovite, and kaolinite), calcite, and trace of lepidocrocite. Nanostructural features and fine micro-scaled particles are observed. Quartz and clay nanoparticles were found in SD samples as well as in FP samples. The AFM investigation reveals a nano-size range for quartz particles between 80–90 nm, and 40–60 nm diameter for clay particles. Similar values were obtained by TEM microscopy. The high resolution microscopy results were confirmed by the values obtained by Scherrer formula applied to the XRD patterns. Composition and dimensional similarities found for the nanoparticles in SD and FP samples prove that mineral nanofractions in atmosphere were induced by the urban environmental interactions with the SD. Results provide valuable information on the size, shape, and composition of nanoparticles induced in atmosphere by winds and by environmental interactions with the SD. This work contributes to the evaluation of the air pollution and simultaneously it offers a basis for an improved life quality for Cluj-Napoca population.
The Relationship between Distributed Leadership and Teachers’ Organizational Commitment in Guangzhou City, China

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between teachers’ organizational obligation and distributed leadership in secondary schools ofBaiyun district in Guangzhou city, China. This study was conducted using the quantitative survey approach. The respondents comprised of 98 teachers were selected through random sampling. The data of the study were collected using 22 items from Distributed Leadership Inventory and 15 items from Organizational Commitment Questionnaire. The data analysis used independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation with SPSS version 22. The findings of the study showed that there was no significant difference between gender and teaching work experience based on organizational commitment. However, there was a positive relationship between school distributed leadership and teachers’ organizational commitment.
Nozzle Selection and Adjuvant Impact on the Efficacy of Glyphosate and PPO-Inhibiting Herbicide Tank-Mixtures

PPO-inhibiting herbicides in combination with glyphosate for postemergence applications is a common approach to manage glyphosate- and ALS-inhibitor-resistant weeds. PPO-inhibitors can reduce glyphosate translocation when applied in tank-mixtures, but adjuvants may be used to overcome this effect. Additionally, optimal droplet size may be affected by tank-mixtures of different herbicides and it can be crucial to herbicide efficacy. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to investigate the impact of nozzle selection and adjuvants on weed control and interactions when applying PPO-inhibitors (fomesafen or lactofen) alone or in tank-mixture with glyphosate to five weed species using six nozzle types. Ultra-coarse droplets were just as effective as medium droplets regardless of the spray solution, but have a lower likelihood of off-target movement. Tank-mixtures applied were consistently antagonistic to common lambsquarters, horseweed, and Palmer amaranth. Only fomesafen was antagonistic to kochia whereas synergistic interactions were observed when glyphosate plus lactofen were applied in combination with COC, DRA + COC, or NIS. Separate applications are advisable with herbicide- and weed-specific situations to avoid antagonism, which is necessary to achieve optimum weed control and maintain the effectiveness of PPO-inhibitors. Future research should continue to look at these important interactions across a wide range of weed species.
Measuring Hospitality and Tourism Management Students’ Satisfaction with Work Related Learning Using Partial Least Squares in Zimbabwe

Purpose: The study assessed Tourism and Hospitality Students’ satisfaction with work-related learning (WRL) attachment using a two-stage extended model proposed by Taylor and Geldenhuys (2019). It also intends to determine if there are significant student satisfaction differences between males and females and between the students pursuing bachelor or diploma in Tourism and hospitality. Also, the study assessed if there is a moderation effect of a third variable (intermediate) on expectation and perception to students’ satisfaction. Method: Data were collected from 488 students using a survey instrument at the onset and at the end of the attachment. Analysis of results was done using both SPSS 23 and R 4.0. 3. The study also applied the Multi-Group Analysis-Partial Least Squares (MGA-PLS) analysis permutation to test students’ satisfaction. Results: The research found no significant differences between males and females, and the students’ category (bachelor and diploma) on both Expectation-Satisfaction and Perception-Satisfaction relationship in model A. However, the study found significant differences between males and females in the perception-satisfaction relationship in Model B. The MGSA-PLS results revealed that male students have a positive and significant effect on the perception-satisfaction relationship as opposed to a negative and insignificant effect for females. The moderating effect test revealed that a third construct, INTER - Intermediate variable (a product of construct Perceptions and Expectation) has a positive impact on student satisfaction. Implications: There is a need for collaboration between hospitality industry players and academics in curriculum design, so as to meet the demands of the industry.
Social Work Students Sharing Practice Learning Experiences: Critical Reflection as Process and Method

This paper offers a commentary regarding the centrality of critical reflection in social work before discussing a research project drawing on a sample of ten social work students as they approached the end of their social work training in one English university. The original intention of the research was to focus solely on students’ perceptions of critical reflection, but when using a more reflexive approach, we identified that participants utilised the focus groups as an opportunity to discuss their practice learning experiences per se before considering and discussing critical reflection. Most students were placed in child protection social work teams and discussed how they felt unprepared for such a fast-paced and stressful environment. Participants felt that the expectations some practitioners had of students were unrealistic, and not always commensurate with the Professional Capabilities Framework. Students highlighted the use of practice scenarios in developing their knowledge and skills particularly when considering their application of critical reflection. This study highlights the significance of adequate preparation for practice and argues for a more focussed agenda for future research exploring the culture of learning, including those factors that inhibit students sharing their concerns as well as the training needs of educators.
Mark–Houwink–Sakurada coefficients determination for molar mass of silk fibroin from viscometric results. SEC-MALLS approach

The results on the changes of molar mass distributions and average molar masses in Bombyx mori fibroin with use of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and viscometry, respectively, are presented in terms of the determination of Mark–Houwink–Sakurada coefficients, which are lacking in the literature. SEC was applied in configuration of light scattering and differential refractive index and multi angle laser light scattering detectors (SEC-DRI-MALLS). The coefficients calculated from the correlation between intrinsic viscosities and the absolute value of molar masses obtained using the SEC-MALLS technique are equal to: K = 1.813 × 10−4 dm3 g−1 (±1.74 × 10−5), α = 0.614 (±0.068). The value of the parameter α shows that silk fibroin molecules in an LiBr solution behave like a flexible polymer molecule in a thermodynamically good solvent. The results are discussed with focus on the applicability of glass capillary viscometry and size exclusion chromatography for assessment of silk based materials condition with particular reference to the preservation artifacts and ancient textiles.
Amino acid hexafluorosilicates – an overview

Abstract Single crystal data on eight new hexafluorosilicate salts of amino acids are presented in this work. This includes crystal and molecular structures of the following salts: 2 β-Ala · H2SiF6 (I), 2 Bet · H2SiF6 (II), 2L-Orn · H2SiF6 (III), 2L-Ser · H2SiF6 (IV), 2L-Leu · H2SiF6 · 2 H2O (V), 2L-Ile · H2SiF6 · 2 H2O (VI), 2L-Met · H2SiF6 · H2O (VII), and 2L-Asp · H2SiF6 · 2 H2O (VIII). In all these crystals, the SiF6-anion is ordered, except for (III), where disorder of the fluorine atoms occurs. An analysis of previously published data on amino acid hexafluorosilicates showed that the amount of hydrogen bonding towards the SiF6-anion is an indication of disorder – we found that all structures with 0.6 or less hydrogen bonds per fluorine atom have disorder.
Chlorodifluoromethane Hydrodechlorination on Carbon-Supported Pd-Pt Catalysts. Beneficial Effect of Catalyst Oxidation

Previously tested 2 wt % palladium-platinum catalysts supported on Norit activated carbon preheated to 1600 °C have been reinvestigated in CHFCl2 hydrodechlorination. An additionally adopted catalyst oxidation at 350–400 °C produced nearly an order of magnitude increase in the turnover frequency of Pd/C, from 4.1 × 10−4 to 2.63 × 10−3 s−1. This increase is not caused by changes in metal dispersion or possible decontamination of the Pd surface from superficial carbon, but rather by unlocking the active surface, originally inaccessible in metal particles tightly packed in the pores of carbon. Burning carbon from the pore walls attached to the metal changes the pore structure, providing easier access for the reactants to the entire palladium surface. Calcination of Pt/C and Pd-Pt/C catalysts results in much smaller evolution of catalytic activity than that observed for Pd/C. This shapes the relationship between turnover frequency (TOF) and alloy composition, which now does not confirm the Pd-Pt synergy invoked in the previous work. The absence of this synergy is confirmed by gradual regular changes in product selectivity, from 70 to 80% towards CH2F2 for Pd/C to almost 60% towards CH4 for Pt/C. The use of even higher-preheated carbon (1800 °C), completely free of micropores, results in a Pd/C catalyst that does not need to be oxidized to achieve high activity and excellent selectivity to CH2F2 (>90%).
Accumulation of straw-derived carbon and changes in soil humic acid structural characteristics during corn straw decomposition

Abstract: Appropriate application of corn straw residues increase soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. However, sequestration and stabilization of added carbon (C) during corn straw transformation are not fully understood. Here, we present changes in soil humus C and humic acid (HA) molecular structure during corn straw decomposition in an incubation experiment carried out for 270 d at 25 °C. Corn straw was applied at the amount of 74.76 g per 18 kg soil (i.e., 1.57 g C·kg−1), in the soil surface (CS1), incorporated within 0–10 cm (CS2), applied below 10 cm soil depth (CS3), and no corn straw applied. The results showed that after corn straw application (CS1, CS2, and CS3), the accumulation of SOC content was rapid in the first 90 d. The HA spectral results of straw-amended soils showed a slight increase in aliphatic C compounds and amino acids on day 90. On day 180, the degree of condensation was less, and aliphatic C compounds were present in large quantities in soil HA. As decomposition advanced to day 270, the aliphatic character of HA appeared to slightly weaken, and soil HA was enriched with aromatic structures. These results suggest that corn straw application enriches soil HA with more aliphatic C compounds in the early stages of decomposition, and aromatic C structures are formed in the later stage of decomposition. Incorporation of corn straw into the soil (CS2 treatment) is more conducive in increasing SOC and aliphaticity in HA during corn straw decomposition, which can potentially increase C sequestration.