Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reply to comment by John Shaw on “A new high‐precision furnace for paleomagnetic and paleointensity studies: Minimizing magnetic noise generated by heater currents inside traditional thermal demagnetizers”

[1] We thank John Shaw [Shaw, 2010] for pointing out that the magnetic noise generated along the axis of a standard MMTD80 thermal demagnetizer oven is much smaller than what we reported [Zheng et al., 2010]. We agree with Shaw that we had erred in our original measurements forMMTD80 oven. Our new experiments have produced updated data (Table 1). We also note that the extremely low values of the two nonaxial components of the magnetic field in MMTD80 (RMS average X being 2.7 nT and RMS average Y being 1.7 nT) reported in Shaw’s comments are much lower than theoretical values or known laboratory measurements. In addition, Shaw used a single‐axis magnetometer for the measurement, which is well known to introduce large errors due to the uncertainty in sensor orientation. Thus, we have performed additional experiments using a triaxial magnetometer to examine this aspect. In order to provide a context for presenting the data acquired from these experiments, we also address the design considerations for high‐quality thermal demagnetizers used in paleomagnetic research. For
History of vegetation during the Holocene in the Courel and Queixa Sierras, Galicia, northwest Iberian Peninsula

Palynological studies undertaken in the mountainous regions of the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula are few in number and have been concerned largely with the second half of the Holocene. New pollen data from two Galician sierras, the Courel and Queixa Sierras, provide a 10 000-yr record of vegetation and climate change. In the Courel Sierra before 9750 yr BP, Laguna Lucenza (1420 m a.s.l.) reflects a period of open landscape covered by Poaceae and heliophilous plants, which may be correlated with the Younger Dryas. The onset of the Holocene is characterised by the expansion of oak woodland, prior to 9300 yr BP, following a short phase of birch along with the gradual decline of pine. The oak values reach a peak at 8350 6 80 yr BP. Towards 8800 yr BP Corylus begins to expand, followed by Alnus (7500 yr BP) and Ulmus. During this period, the Fraga pollen assemblage (Queixa Sierra, 1360 m a.s.l.) indicates Betula woodland surrounding the site, masking the regional predominance of oak. After 5000 yr BP there is a gradual decrease in arboreal pollen values in both Sierras. Castanea appears in Laguna Lucenza (Courel Sierra) at 4075 6 75 yr BP. There is widespread deforestation during the last 4000 yr. During this period the presence of large quantities of microcharcoal particles points to the occurrence of fire. The reduction in forest is associated with the arrival of cultivation at 4000 yr BP at low altitudes in the Queixa Sierra. At higher altitudes the first agricultural activity is dated at later than 2000 yr BP. This coincides with the first record of cereal cultivation at high altitude in the Courel Sierra. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Macroeconomic Conditions on Banks’ Risk and Profitability

This paper examines the overall variability of Australian banks’ credit risk during the 1990s. It assesses the extent to which this overall variability can be explained by variability in the level of banks’ aggregate credit risk over time, or alternatively, by variation in the average credit risk of different banks. The ability of macroeconomic variables to explain movements in bank risk is also considered. Discussion of banks’ credit risk is supplemented with analysis of the rate of return on assets earned by banks since the 1960s. While most of the variability in banks’ credit risk and profitability is due to differences between banks, macroeconomic variables are found to exert a strong influence on banks’ risk and profitability. The share of interest payments in the corporate and household sectors’ income, real credit growth and property prices are most strongly correlated with banks’ risk and profitability.
Glabellar Botulinum Toxin Injections in Major Depressive Disorder: A Critical Review.

Objective To provide a critical appraisal of the primary clinical trials exploring the use of glabellar botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injections in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and propose future directions for research on this topic. Data Sources A search in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases was performed in September 2017. Search terms included ("botulinum" OR "botox" OR "abobotulinumtoxin" OR "onabotulinum" OR "onabotulinumtoxin" OR "botulinumtoxin") AND ("antidepressant" OR "depression" OR "depressive" OR "depressed"). No other search parameters were utilized. Study Selection Studies were selected for review if they were found to be a primary clinical trial on the use of BTA for the treatment of MDD. Data Extraction Six studies were identified and scored by the authors using a 5-point Jadad scoring system. Results Three of the 6 studies were found to be of high quality with a Jadad score ≥ 3. The remainder had Jadad scores of 1. Conclusions In general, the results from the reviewed studies suggest that BTA may be a promising treatment for MDD. However, these findings need to be interpreted with caution due to several limitations of the reviewed studies such as lack of a priori hypotheses, limited sample sizes, large gender bias, and significant difficulty in ensuring blinding.
Defining parameters for Eckhardt's digital baseflow filter

Digital filters are useful tools for assessing the contribution of groundwater to total river flow. Several of those filters have been proposed in the last decades. One of the last contributions on this subject was given by Ekchardt (2005) who proposed a more general form of a digital baseflow filter and showed that some of the most used filters are special cases of this general form. This new filter has the inconvenience of having two parameters, one of them may be obtained directly from recession analysis, but the other (maximum baseflow index (BFImax)) is routinely estimated by a priori defined values according to the predominant geological characteristics of the drainage basin. In this short communication, we propose a method to estimate BFImax by a backwards filtering operation. The method was applied using data from 15 gauging stations in Brazil, with a varied range of groundwater contribution to streamflow. Results of the new estimation method for the BFImax parameter are coherent with the values which would be adopted by considering geological characteristics of the river basins. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cold Dark Matter Models

Motivated by inflation, the theory of big-bang nucleosynthesis and the quest for a deeper understanding of the fundamental forces and particles, a very successful paradigm for the development of structure in the Universe has evolved. It holds that most of the matter exists in the form of slowly moving elementary particles left over from the earliest moments (cold dark matter or CDM) and that the small density inhomogeneities that seed structure formation arose from quantum fluctuations around 10 −34 sec after the bang. A flood of observations is now testing the cold dark matter paradigm – from determinations of the Hubble constant to measurements of the anisotropy of the Cosmic Background Radiation (CBR) – and could reveal the details of the theory as well.
Evaluation of models to induce low progesterone during the early luteal phase in cattle

Two experiments were designed to evaluate models for generation of low circulating progesterone concentrations during early pregnancy in cattle. In experiment 1 17 crossbred heifers were assigned to either prostaglandin F2  (PG) injections on Days 3, 3.5 and 4 (PG3; n=9) or controls (n = 8). Blood samples were collected from heifers from Days 1 to 9 for progesterone assay. Progesterone concentrations were decreased (P<0.03) between 18 and 48 h after first PG injection in heifers assigned to PG3 compared with controls. In Experiment 2, 39 crossbred heifers detected in estrus were inseminated (Day 0) and assigned to either: i) PG injection on Days 3, 3.5 and 4 (PG3; n=10), ii) PG injection on Days 3, 3.5, 4 and 4.5 (PG4; n=10), iii) Progesterone Releasing Intravaginal Device (PRID) insertion on Day 4.5 with PG injection on Days 5 and 6 (PRID+PG; n=10), or iv) control (n = 9). Blood samples were collected daily until Day 15 and conceptus survival rate was determined at slaughter on Day 16. Progesterone concentrations during the sampling period in the PG3 and PG4 groups did not differ, but were less than controls (P<0.01). After an initial peak, progesterone concentrations in the PRID+PG group were similar to controls. More heifers in the PG4 group (6/10) had complete luteal regression than in the PG3 group (3/10). Conceptus survival rate on Day 16 did not differ between groups. There was a significant correlation between progesterone concentration on Days 5 and 6 and conceptus size on Day 16 (P<0.03). In summary, treatment with PG on Days 3, 3.5 and 4 post-estrus appeared to provide the best model to induce reduced circulating progesterone concentrations during the early luteal phase in cattle.
Self-supervised Human Detection and Segmentation via Multi-view Consensus

Self-supervised detection and segmentation of foreground objects in complex scenes is gaining attention as their fully-supervised counterparts require overly large amounts of annotated data to deliver sufficient accuracy in domain-specific applications. However, existing self-supervised approaches predominantly rely on restrictive assumptions on appearance and motion, which precludes their use in scenes depicting highly dynamic activities or involve camera motion. To mitigate this problem, we propose using a multi-camera framework in which geometric constraints are embedded in the form of multi-view consistency during training via coarse 3D localization in a voxel grid and fine-grained offset regression. In this manner, we learn a joint distribution of proposals over multiple views. At inference time, our method operates on single RGB images. We show that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art self-supervised person detection and segmentation techniques on images that visually depart from those of standard benchmarks, as well as on those of the classical Human3.6M dataset.
CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN FAMILY BUSINESS MANAGEMENT STUDIES: TOWARD A THEORY OF THE FAMILY FIRM

James J. Chrisman Department of Management and Information Systems College of Business and Industry Mississippi State University Mississippi State, MS 39762 -9581 Tel. (662) 325 -1991 Fax (662) 325 -8651 jchrisman@cobilan.msstate. edu and Centre for Family Business Management and Entrepreneurship Haskayne School of Business University of Calgary Jess H. Chua Haskayne School of Business Universi ty of Calgary 2500 University Drive, NW Calgary, AB, CANADA T2N 1N4 Tel. (403) 220 -6331 Fax (403) 282 -0095 jess.chua@haskayne.ucalgary. ca Pramodita Sharma School of Business and Economics Wilfrid Laurier University Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3C5 Tel: 519 -884 -0710 (Ext. 2532) Fax: 519 -884 -0201 psharma@wlu.ca
Seasonal flooding in Bangladesh – variability and predictability

At present, Bangladesh has a flood forecasting lead time of only 3 days or so. There is demand for a forecasting lead time of a month to a season. The primary objectives of this paper are to study the variability and predictability of seasonal flooding in Bangladesh, as revealed by large‐scale predictors of the climate across the watersheds. To explore the source of predictability, accessible Bangladesh hydrological indicators are related to large‐scale oceanic variability and to large‐scale atmospheric circulation patterns predicted by general circulation models (GCMs).
Early eocene estuary at strahan, tasmania

Evidence from sedimentology is combined with that of palynology and macropalaeobotany to arrive at a general reconstruction of the Early Eocene environment in Macquarie Harbour in western Tasmania and its major vegetation types. The environment is interpreted as estuarine with a range of subenvironments including estuarine mouth bar, fully subtidal sands, tidal flat with mangroves, and freshwater swamps. Supratidal freshwater swamp forest (sometimes conifer-dominated) was fringed with Nypa mangrove swamps in the high tidal regions. Non-vegetated tidal mud and sand flats occurred in regions with longer tidal submergence. The Macquarie Harbour beds are given formation status and the Strahan Sand Member is defined.
Model/data comparison of F region ionospheric perturbation over Millstone Hill during the severe geomagnetic storm of July 15–16, 2000

We compare measurements of the ionospheric F region at Millstone Hill during the severe geomagnetic storm of July 15–16, 2000, with results from a time-dependent mathematical model of the Earth's ionosphere and plasmasphere. Use of [O] correction factors with the Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter (MSIS-86) model was found to bring the modeled and measured F region main peak electron densities into agreement. We have evaluated the value of the additional heating rate that should be added to the normal photoelectron heating in the electron energy equation in the nighttime plasmasphere region above 5000 km to bring the measured and modeled electron temperatures into agreement. We conclude that anomalously low values of the F peak altitude seen as a G condition on ionograms and observed on July 16 exist in the ionosphere due to a decrease in the production rates of oxygen ions resulting from low values of atomic oxygen density. The resulting effect of vibrationally excited N2 and O2 on NmF2 is the decrease of the calculated daytime F region main peak electron density by up to a factor of ∼ 3. The modeled electron temperature is very sensitive to the electron density, and this decrease in electron density results in an increase in the calculated daytime electron temperature of ∼ 930 K at the F region main peak altitude, giving closer agreement between the measured and modeled electron temperatures. The model without the inclusion of vibrationally excited N2 and O2 does not reproduce both the daytime and nighttime electron densities and temperatures. Inclusion of vibrationally excited N2 and O2 brings the model and data into better agreement. Without the contribution of vibrationally excited N2 and O2 in the loss rate of O+(4S) ions, the model calculations result in a very large disagreement between the measured and modeled electron density altitude profiles during the G condition daytime period on July 16. In order to bring the modeled and measured electron density altitude profiles into agreement, it would be necessary to decrease the MSIS-86 model [O] by a factor of 5.5. It is unlikely that that the MSIS-86 atomic oxygen number density correction factor is so large. This finding provides an additional argument for the inclusion of the effects of vibrationally excited N2 and O2 in ionospheric models.
Fault plane solutions and tectonics of the South Atlantic and Scotia Sea

Focal mechanisms are presented for 46 earthquakes that occurred in the South Atlantic Ocean, in the Scotia Sea, and in southern Chile during the period 1963–1973. The slip vectors of shallow earthquakes indicate that the South American plate is moving directly west with respect to the Antarctic plate at the ridge-fault-fault triple junction in the South Atlantic. The directions of motion of Africa with respect to the South American (SA) and Antarctic (ANT) plates at the triple junction are N70°E and N47°E, respectively. The SA-ANT relative motion between the triple junction and the South Sandwich trench is best described by a pole of rotation at 80°S, 166°W, with an angular rotation rate of 0.24 deg/m.y. Shallow earthquakes along the South Sandwich trench indicate that the oceanic portion of the South American plate is being thrust under the South Sandwich arc in an east-west direction. Most of the earthquakes at the northern end of the arc are due to hinge faulting or bending stresses within the underthrust oceanic plate. The focal mechanisms of intermediate depth events beneath the arc indicate down-dip extension in the northern end of the downgoing slab and down-dip compression in the southern end. This change in the stress pattern may be caused by reduced negative buoyancy forces in the younger, southern half of the subducted plate. The seismicity and focal mechanisms suggest that the SA-ANT relative motion in the Scotia Sea region is taken up on both the north and the south Scotia ridges. However, the plate boundaries in this area and in southern Chile are not well defined. There does appear to be a consistent pattern of horizontal compressive stress directed ENE-WSW throughout the Scotia Sea region, probably induced by the convergence of the South American and Antarctic plates. The SA-ANT relative motion observed in this study is not consistent with the motion predicted from the summation of motions observed on other plate boundaries. This discrepancy may be due to (1) systematic errors in the data, (2) a recent change in plate motions, or (3) minor nonrigid plate behavior. The third explanation is preferred because internal deformation of the plates at very slow strain rates can explain other examples of seemingly inconsistent plate motions and may also account for the existence of diffuse intraplate seismicity. The apparent relative drift of hot spots may also be due to internal deformation of the plates after the seamount chains are created.
Tree Damage and Surface Displacement: the 1931 M 8.0 Fuyun Earthquake

Trees often suffer damage during large earthquakes due to shaking and rupturing of the ground surface from associated faults. The damage may result in temporary asymmetric growth and reduction in the width of annual growth rings. Observation of tree displacement and tree ring analysis of the circle shrub Sabina pseudosabina on the Fuyun fault zone in northwest China reveals dextral displacement as much as 10.8 m along the surface rupture located near the epicenter of the 1931 M 8 Fuyun earthquake. Tree ring analysis indicates a sharp change in ring width in 1931. Rings of 1931–1934 are much narrower in width than those formed immediately before 1931 and after 1934. No obvious abnormalities in average temperature or rainfall during 1931–1934 were recorded. The results of ring analysis and the displacement of trees indicate that the sharp change of tree ring width and the maximum displacements of 10–15 m near the epicentral area were generated by surface rupturing in the 1931 M 8.0 Fuyun earthquake.
High-grade B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: a multi-institutional retrospective study

Key Points • HGBL-NOS is a highly heterogeneous category; PFS (55% at 2 years) did not significantly differ between R-CHOP and intensified regimens. • A dual-expressor (MYC and BCL2) immunophenotype and TP53 alterations, but not MYC alterations, were significantly associated with worse PFS.
Three‐dimensional model calculation of ocean uptake of bomb 14C and implications for the global budget of bomb 14C

Two recent papers have suggested that there is an apparent imbalance in the global bomb 14C budget. These results are based in part on calculations made using simple one-dimensional ocean models. We recalculate the ocean inventory of bomb 14C using a three-dimensional ocean general circulation model, and find a significantly smaller inventory after about 1980 than in previous one-dimensional model estimates. Our new estimate of the ocean inventory implies that the apparent imbalance in the global budget of bomb 14C is smaller than previously thought and is not significantly different from zero. In addition, we use our three-dimensional model to obtain whole ocean inventories of bomb 14C during the Geochemical Ocean Sections Study (GEOSECS) period; these inventories can be used as benchmarks in calibrating one-dimensional ocean models.
Voice therapy for the elderly with progression of intensity, frequency, and phonation time: case reports

Accepted: April 17, 2018 Study conducted at Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru – USP – Bauru (SP), Brasil. 1 Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências – UNESP Marília (SP), Brasil 2 Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru – USP Bauru (SP), Brasil. Financial support: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo – FAPESP. Processo número: 2016/12836-4. Conflict of interests: nothing to declare. ABSTRACT
The city mouse and the country mouse: the geography of creativity and cultural production in Italy

Through census employment data we analyze the evolving structure of the Italian cultural economy and highlights diverging spatial and organizational patterns of cultural production systems in urban and regional areas. Whilst large metropolitan areas remain the more important loci of cultural content production and consumption, craft-based sectors and creative systems of design have a tendency to locate in non-metropolitan centers. Based on the historical formation of manufacturing districts and on the emergence of Rome and Milan as “world cities”, the Italian cultural economy provides an interesting case study to analyze the geographical patterns of different cultural product industries. We extend previous literature on the geography of the cultural economy by offering new insights as to conditions in which metropolitan and rural areas emerge as leading centers of cultural production and creativity.
Slab detachment control on mafic volcanic pulse and mantle heterogeneity in central Mexico

Seismic tomography studies and plate reconstructions suggest that the Farallon slab broke off shortly before subduction ended off southern Baja California. However, the progress of detachment in time and space and its consequences on the volcanism of central Mexico have not so far been considered. Here I use the Neogene geologic record of central Mexico to propose a lateral propagation of slab detachment beneath the Trans-Mexican volcanic belt during the late Miocene. I suggest that the trace of the detachment is expressed by a short (2–3 m.y.), eastward-migrating pulse of mafic volcanism that took place from ca. 11.5 to ca. 6 Ma to the north of the Pliocene–Quaternary volcanic arc, as hot, subslab material flowing into the slab gap produced a transitory thermal anomaly in the mantle wedge. Slab detachment of the deeper and denser part of the plate was initiated in the southern Gulf of California area by the incoming of progressively younger oceanic lithosphere at the paleotrench that produced an increasing coupling between the Magdalena microplate and the overriding North American plate. The tear in the slab propagated eastward from the Gulf of California to the Gulf of Mexico, paralleling the southern Mexico trench system. The decrease in the Rivera–North America convergence rate between ca. 9 and 7 Ma appears to be related to the loss of slab pull after the detachment. Sparse oceanic-island–type basalts emplaced since the end of the Miocene in the Trans-Mexican volcanic belt are located above a trench-parallel slab window between the inferred detachment trace and the leading edge of the present slab, which has been detected seismically. In this context, the occurrence of these unusual intraplate magmas is easily explained by the infiltration of enriched asthenosphere into the subarc mantle.