Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SMC motor proteins extrude DNA asymmetrically and contain a direction switch

Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) complexes organize the genome via DNA loop extrusion. While some SMCs were reported to do so symmetrically, reeling DNA from both sides into the extruded DNA loop simultaneously, others perform loop extrusion asymmetrically toward one direction only. The mechanism underlying this variability remains unclear. Here, we examine the directionality of DNA loop extrusion by SMCs using in vitro single-molecule experiments. We find that cohesin and SMC5/6 do not reel in DNA from both sides, as reported before, but instead extrude DNA asymmetrically, while the direction can switch over time. Asymmetric DNA loop extrusion thus is the shared mechanism across all eukaryotic SMC complexes. For cohesin, direction switches strongly correlate with the turnover of the subunit NIPBL, during which DNA strand switching may occur. STAG1 stabilizes NIPBL on cohesin, preventing NIPBL turnover and direction switches. The findings reveal that SMCs, surprisingly, contain a direction switch subunit. Highlights All eukaryotic SMC complexes extrude DNA asymmetrically. Apparent ‘symmetric’ loop extrusion is the result of frequent direction switches. n human cohesin, loop-extrusion direction changes require exchange of NIPBL. STAG1 stabilizes NIPBL on human cohesin.
Performance of heifers grazing bermudagrass pastures strip or solid seeded with clovers.

Even though clovers can provide improved forage quality and reduced N fertilization when grazing stocker calves on warm-season grass pastures, stand establishment remains a concern. The objective of this research was to determine if alternative methods of seeding legumes into warm-season perennial swards could improve legume establishment. This research took place on 18, fouracre mixed bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ], crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler], and dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) pastures at the University of Arkansas Southwest Research and Extension Center Stocker Unit. Pastures were seeded in October of 2013 to white (Trifolium repens L.), red (Trifolium pratense L.), or subterranean (Trifolium subterraneum L.) clovers either in solid stands at the recommended rate (2.0, 8.0, and 11 lb/acre, respectively) or in four 0.25-acre strips at twice the recommended seeding rate in a 3  2 factorial arrangement of treatments with three pasture replications per treatment combination. Growing heifers (n = 216; 614 ± 44.4 lb) grazed pastures from May to September 2014 and April to September 2015. Red clover was present later into the summer than white or subterranean clovers, but there were no differences due to seeding method. At the end of the grazing season, heifer bodyweight and gain was greater when grazing red clover than when grazing subterranean clover. Strip-seeded clovers in only 50% of the pasture area provided similar stands to conventional solid seeding and equivalent animal performance. Red clover grew later into the summer grazing season and provided greater animal performance than white and subterranean clovers. Legumes in Pasture Management Addition of legumes to pastures can increase diet quality (Chestnut et al., 1992) and reduce the N fertilization requirement (Rouquette and Smith, 2010), which is an increasingly attractive option with higher fertilizer prices (Rouquette and Smith, 2010; Beck et al., 2012). Clovers can contribute from 20 to more than 200 lb N/ acre to swards (Knight, 1970), and although the direct transfer of this N to grasses growing in the same season is low (Morris et al., 1990), the economic and environmental conditions are present for a reintroduction of legumes into the swards of pasture-based beef production systems. Published in Crop Forage Turfgrass Manage. Volume 3. doi:10.2134/cftm2016.08.0056 © 2017 American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Published online March 10, 2017
Hemolymph transfusions transfer heritable learned novel odor preferences to naïve larvae of Bicyclus anynana butterflies

The mechanisms whereby environmental experiences of parents are transmitted to their offspring to impact their behavior and fitness are poorly understood. Previously, we showed that naïve Bicyclus anynana butterfly larvae, whose parents fed on a normal plant feed but coated with a novel odor, inherited a learned preference towards that odor, which had initially elicited avoidance in the naïve parents. Here, we performed simple hemolymph transfusions from odor-fed and control-fed larvae to naïve larval recipients. We found that larvae injected with hemolymph from odor-fed donors stopped avoiding the novel odor, and their naïve offspring preferred the odor more, compared to the offspring of larvae injected with control hemolymph. These results indicate that factors in the hemolymph, potentially the odor molecule itself, play an important role in odor learning and preference transmission across generations. Furthermore, this mechanism of odor preference inheritance, mediated by the hemolymph, bypasses the peripheral odor-sensing mechanisms taking place in the antennae, mouthparts, or legs, and may mediate host plant switching and diversification in the Lepidoptera or more broadly across insects.
OSBP is a major determinant of Golgi phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate homeostasis

The lipid phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) plays a master regulatory role at Golgi membranes, orchestrating membrane budding, non-vesicular lipid transport and membrane organization. It follows that harmonious Golgi function requires strictly maintained PI4P homeostasis. One of the most abundant PI4P effector proteins is the oxysterol binding protein (OSBP), a lipid transfer protein that exchanges trans Golgi PI4P for ER cholesterol. Although this protein consumes PI4P as part of its lipid anti-porter function, whether it actively contributes to Golgi PI4P homeostasis has been questioned. Here, we employed a series of acute and chronic genetic manipulations, together with orthogonal targeting of OSBP, to interrogate its control over Golgi PI4P abundance. Modulating OSBP levels at ER:Golgi membrane contact sites produces reciprocal changes in PI4P levels. Additionally, we observe that OSBP has a high capacity for PI4P turnover, even at orthogonal organelle membranes. However, despite also visiting the plasma membrane, endogenous OSBP makes no impact on PI4P levels in this compartment. We conclude that OSBP is a major determinant of Golgi PI4P homeostasis.
Deciphering Abnormal Platelet Subpopulations in Inflammatory Diseases through Machine Learning and Single-Cell Transcriptomics

Introduction The transcriptional heterogeneity of activated platelets, play a significant role in contributing to negative outcomes in sepsis, COVID-19, and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite this, our understanding of these heterogeneous platelet responses remains limited. In this study, we aim to investigate the diverse transcriptional profiles of activated platelets in these diseases, with the goal of deciphering this platelet heterogeneity for new therapeutic strategies to target abnormal and pathogenic platelet subtypes. Materials and methods We obtained the single cell transcriptional profiles of blood platelets from patients with COVID-19, sepsis, and SLE. Utilizing machine learning algorithms, Deep Neural Network (DNN) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), we discerned the distinct transcriptomic signatures indicative of fatal versus survival clinical outcomes. Our methodological framework incorporated source data annotations and platelet markers and used SingleR and Seurat for detailed profiling. Additionally, we implemented Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) for dimensionality reduction and visualization, aiding in the detection of various platelet subtypes and their correlation with disease status and patient outcomes. Results Our study identified distinct platelet subpopulations that are associated with disease severity. We demonstrated that alterations in platelet transcription patterns can exacerbate endotheliopathy, potentially heightening the risk of coagulation in fatal patients. Moreover, these changes can also influence lymphocyte function, indicating a more extensive role for platelets in inflammatory and immune responses. Conclusions Enhanced transcriptional heterogeneity in activated platelets is linked to adverse outcomes in conditions such as sepsis, COVID-19, and autoimmune diseases. The discovery of these unique platelet subpopulations paves the way for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting platelet activation, which could potentially improve patient outcomes. Summary sentence Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis of Platelets from COVID-19, Sepsis, and SLE Reveals Disease Signatures and Treatment Options to Prevent Patient Mortality. Graphical Abstracts The platelet to T cell ratio proportion in PBMC was identified as the most potent predictor for distinguishing survivors from fatal patients, underscores the potential of this ratio as a prognostic biomarker. The discovery of different platelet subgroups, especially active coagulation, hypoxic, and quiescent clusters, in fatal COVID-19 patients, indicates potential targeted treatment strategies. In patients with severe and fatal conditions, we observed three key phenomena: the aggregation of platelets with monocytes, the amplification of endothelial dysfunction by platelets, and a decrease in lymphocyte activation and differentiation due to platelets.
Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Objective: The aim of this paper is to summarise recent clinical and research findings with regard to dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Method: A literature review (Medline) was carried out, as well as a review of reports of recent DLB symposia of international meetings and of other relevant papers and data known to the authors. Results: Dementia with Lewy bodies, as the disorder should be known, is the second commonest form of degenerative dementia, accounting for up to 20% cases in the elderly. It is characterised by fluctuating cognitive impairment, spontaneous parkinsonism and recurrent visual hallucinations. Consensus clinical and neuro-pathological criteria have been published. The clinical criteria have been shown to have high specificity, but may still lack sensitivity. Recognition of DLB is clinically important in view of the high incidence (60%) of adverse and life-threatening reaction to antipsychotics, the difference in prognosis and, possibly, the differential treatment response to cholinergic therapy. Neuroimaging changes have not been well described in DLB but some show promise as potential markers to differentiate DLB from AD. These include relative preservation of temporal lobe structures on magnetic resonance imaging and loss of pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic markers on single photon emission tomography. Conclusions: Dementia with Lewy bodies is a common cause of cognitive impairment in late life which appears to be clinically and neuropathologically distinct from AD. All clinicians should be aware of the typical triad of clinical features (fluctuating cognitive impairment, visual hallucinations and parkinsonism) which characterise the disorder and either avoid antipsychotics or prescribe them with extreme caution in such patients. Further research is likely to result in advances in diagnostic methods and therapeutics in the near future.
Biomass production and nutrient budget in outdoor cultures of Scenedesmus obliquus (chlorophyceae) in artificial wastewater, under the winter and summer conditions of Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico

La production de la biomasse des cultures de Scenedesmus obliquus en plein air, maintenu pendant 3 jours dans des eaux usees artificielles en ete comme en hiver, dans des conditions tropicales de Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexique, varie entre 26 et 43 mg.l -1 , avec des contenus en proteines compris entre 33,5-38 % et 51 % en hiver et en ete respectivement. La concentration finale de l'azote dissous est de 53 % de la valeur initiale en hiver, et de 21 % en ete. Pendant les deux saisons, la plupart des changements proviennent de l'elimination de l'ammoniaque par le pH eleve du milieu pendant les heures du jour, et le contenu final en azote de la biomasse montre que 3,7 a 9,7 % seulement ont ete recycles. Le phosphore est supprime pendant le jour seulement, avec une diminution totale de 45 % en hiver et de 73 % en ete. De ces pourcentages, 41,5 % a 51 % seulement sont contenus dans la biomasse, montrant que la photosynthese induite avec des valeurs de pH elevees du milieu, joue un role important dans le traitement tertiaire des eaux usees et que les microalgues, en outre, peuvent etre utilisees seulement dans les systemes exterieurs aux temps de retention long, ce qui rend leur usage impraticable pour de grandes villes a croissance rapide.
Transnationalism and Development: The Impact of Remittances to Timor-Leste

The aim of this thesis is to Explorer the impact of remittances, sent from Timorese workers in the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Northern Ireland, South Korea and Australia, on the Development of Timor-Leste. The research in this study is from three different perspectives. Firstly, the migration processes and the remittance service providers, which are involved in managing the transfer of remittances from Timorese workers overseas to their families at home. Secondly, the remittance is used by recipient familieson the consumption (durable and non durable goods). Finally, the remittance is used on human capital invest-ment and business investment. From these three perspectives, this thesis examines how remittances con tribute to the development of Timor-Leste. Using a qualitative method, the study addresses one main question: What is the impact of remittances to Timor-Leste? The study was underpinned by qualitative research conducted in Timor-Leste, which has a total popula-tion of 1.1 million. I administered the field research in 7 locations to 30 participants. These included 10 remittance receiving households in the urban district of Dili and 10 from the rural areas of Baucau, Lospa-los, Viqueque, Ainaro, Covalima and Oecusse. Another 10 interviewees were migrant workers domiciled in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, South Korea and Australia. The interviews also conducted with relevant Government institutions regarding the process of emigration to work in United Kingdom of Great Britain, Northern Ireland, South Korea and Australia. Also, bank and non-bank institusions as the channel used to transfers remittances from the host countries of the migrants to their families at home. In adopting a combination of theoretical approaches, especially the New Economy of Labour Migration, I argue that remittances have a positive contribution to the development of household participants‟ welfare, the development of human capital and they enable remitters and their families in Timor-Leste to start small and medium businesses. The study also found that the ultimate use of remittances is variously in-vested in productive and unproductive sectors. I further argue that the positive impact of remittances on peoples‟ lives significantly increases the numbers of overseas migrants, which attracts a greater flow of remittances into the country and that urgent government policies are needed to facilitate these more easily.
Open label, crossover, pilot study to assess the efficacy and safety of perispinal administration of etanercept (Enbrel®) in combination with nutritional supplements versus nutritional supplements alone in subjects with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease receiving standard care

While the cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unknown, evidence suggests it develops due to a complex series of events in the brain that occur over time. Two pathways possibly involved in development of AD are inflammation and oxidative stress. Scientists have linked chronic inflammatory events in the brain with the onset and progression of AD. Oxidative stress has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of neurological disorders including AD. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α), a proinflammatory cytokine, has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. Etanercept, an immunomodulating agent approved by the FDA for the treatment of certain arthritic disorders and plaque psoriasis, binds to TNF and blocks its interaction with cell surface TNF receptors. Open label studies with small numbers of patients have reported etanercept may be beneficial for treating AD, however a recent randomized, placebo‐controlled trial did not show benefit. Several nutrients have been shown to decrease TNF‐α levels, act as antioxidants in the body, or alter amyloid‐beta behavior, which may prove beneficial in AD.
Karstquellen im Einzugsgebiet des Weigistbachs

Une source karstique peut etre polluee par infiltration d'eau de surface. Un exemple est donne par le bassin versant du Weigistbach dans le canton Bâle-Campagne. Trois sources du reseau communal de la commune Ober- et Niederdorf sont a chaque fois contaminees par des bacteries fecales apres des orages ou la fonte des neiges, ce qui entraine l'addition de chlorure en grande quantite Cinq essais de tracage ont defini les differents apports d'eau aux sources et permis de demontrer la contamination fecale. Une des sources est en rapport direct avec le ruisseau qui passe seulement a une distance de 15 m.
A New Geochemical Reference Sample of Granite (DG-H) from Dalhousie, Himachal Himalaya

A new geochemical reference sample of Granite named as DG-H from Dalhousie, Himachal Pradesh is proposed for collaborative study. The sample has been tested for its suitability as a reference standard in terms of its bulk homogeneity using F-test carried out for 16 fractions of the sample analysed in duplicate. The relevant information like, location, geological set-up, mineralogical make-up, petrography, expected chemical composition and F-ratios derived for major oxides are given for the benefit of potential contributors and users. The proposed standard may prove useful for analysis of granitic rocks with high Cr and lower abundances of elements like Ba, Ca, Cu, Nb, Ni, Sr, Th, Y and Zr.
THE EFFECT OF INFLATION, INTEREST RATE, EXCHANGE RATE, CORRUPTION PERCEPTION INDEX, AND TRADE OPENNESS ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN 6 ASEAN COUNTRIES

Every country faced economic instability during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the economic instability, some discovered that the number of foreign direct investment inflows increases in most of ASEAN countries. This phenomenon makes investors hard to predict the level of foreign direct investment within the region. The purpose of this research is to understand which are the variables that may have impact on the inflows of foreign direct investment, specifically in ASEAN countries. Therefore, the research is conducted in 6 ASEAN countries that contribute the most to the overall foreign direct inflows in ASEAN from the year 2002 to 2021. This research uses a quantitative approach with panel data regression analysis. This research is tested in both Eviews 12. The result shows that inflation and interest rates don't affect foreign direct investment inflows significantly in the 6 ASEAN countries, whereas exchange rate, corruption perception index, and trade openness have a significant effect on foreign direct investment.
L OGIC AND E MOTION: W HITEHEAD’S C ATEGORY OF THE U LTIMATE

Category theory has its foundations in the pure mathematics of sets. The philosopher Alfred North Whitehead developed an alternative basis in his book Process and Reality in the description of the Category of the Ultimate, with prehension employed for the becoming of beings . This paper argues that this category corresponds closely to a topos, prehension and becoming to adjointness and being to existence, all mainstream concepts in category theory. Whitehead’s work therefore deserves to be treated as a philosophical basis for category theory with its additional emphasis on processes in general, including biological ones, offering a lead into the more adventurous use of category theory in the future. 1
Association between physical-activity trajectories and cognitive decline in adults 50 years of age or older

Aims. To investigate the associations of physical-activity trajectories with the level of cognitive performance (CP) and its decline in adults 50 years of age or older. Methods. We studied 38 729 individuals (63 ± 9 years; 57% women) enrolled in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Physical activity was self-reported and CP was assessed based on immediate recall, verbal fluency and delayed recall. Physical-activity trajectories were estimated using growth mixture modelling and linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate the associations between the trajectories and CP. Results. The models identified two trajectories of physical activity: constantly high physical activity ( N = 27 634: 71%) and decreasing physical activity ( N = 11 095; 29%). Results showed that participants in the decreasing physical-activity group exhibited a lower level of CP compared to the high physical-activity group (immediate recall: ß = 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92 – 0.95; verbal fluency: ß = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.97 – 0.98; delayed recall: ß = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.94 – 0.97). Moreover, compared with participants in the constantly high physical-activity group, participants in the decreasing physical-activity group showed a steeper decline in all cognitive measures (immediate recall: ß = − 0.04; 95% CI = − 0.05 to − 0.04; verbal fluency: ß = − 0.22; 95% CI = − 0.24 to − 0.21; delayed recall: ß = − 0.04; 95% CI = − 0.05 to − 0.04). Conclusions. Physical-activity trajectories with the level and evolution of CP in adults over 50 years. Specifically, our findings suggest that a decline in physical activity over multiple years is associated with a lower level and a steeper decline in CP. Association between PA trajectories and baseline characteristics First, independent samples t -tests and χ 2 tests were used to compare the differences in baseline characteristics between PA trajectories. Second, a multivariable analysis using logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between participants´ baseline characteristics and PA trajectories.
Neurobiology of Aging

Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is a predementia stage of Alzheimer’s disease associated with dysfunctional episodic memory and limited treatment options. We aimed to characterize feasibility, clinical, and biomarker effects of noninvasive neurostimulation for aMCI. 13 individuals with aMCI received eight 60- minute sessions of 40-Hz (gamma) transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) targeting regions related to episodic memory processing. Feasibility, episodic memory
Using HD-EMG to Assess Motor Units in Vastus Lateralis with the Lokomat: A Pilot Study with Healthy and Stroke Individuals

Background: Recent advancements in surface electromyography (EMG) technology have led to new solutions including multiple electrodes placed over a single muscle, indicated as High-Density EMG (HD-EMG). From this technology, by extracting the Motor Unit (MU) properties, more information can be obtained. Despite its growing research presence, HD-EMG has yet to gain widespread acceptance in routine clinical evaluations, particularly for the assessment of age-related variations and central nervous system disorders. This pilot study aims to evaluate