Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Daily Hassles and Social Support on Depressive Symptoms among Mothers of Young Kids

The aim of this paper is to determine the relationship between the common factors of mothers’ depressive symptoms based on the existing literature, including the current happenings within Malaysians. This study involved mothers from four community housing projects around Kuala Lumpur (n = 146), and with consent, they were asked to complete a questionnaire, which included the following three instruments: Parenting Daily Hassles Scales, Social Support Scales, and Beck Depressive symptoms Inventory to measure all stated variables in this study. The results of the study showed the significant relationship between the daily hassles (DH) and social support (SS) towards the depressive symptoms among the mothers, DH, r = . 272, p = . 001 and SS, r = -. 230, p = . 006. Further analysis was consummated to determine the factors that could influence the depressive symptoms among mothers and the contribution of variance towards that. From the analysis, DH and SS contributed 13.9% of the variance (Adjusted R2 = .139) and were found to influence the depressive symptoms among the mothers. The ANOVA test analysis supported the earlier study that the daily hassles and social support statistics significantly predict the depressive symptoms among mothers. In conclusion, this study should be broadedned to a bigger community, and future efforts as an early intervention on health promotion are essential to strengthen social support by reducing stressors effect that contributes to mental health problems in mothers of young kids.
Exchange Rate Disconnect Redux ∗ the exchange rate pricing puzzles based on exchange-rate-3 a linear combination of future innovations to TFP plus an orthogonal noise component v t :

We ﬁnd that variation in expected US productivity explains more than half of G6 exchange rate ﬂuctuations vis-a-vis the USD. Both correctly-anticipated changes in productivity and expectational “noise”, which inﬂuences expected productivity but never its realization, play an important role in driving exchange rates. Together, these disturbances account for many unconditional exchange rate patterns, including predictable excess returns, low Backus-Smith correlations, and excess volatility. Our ﬁndings suggest these famous puzzles share a common empirical origin, one that is very much connected to (expected) fundamentals.
How Should We Design Parental Leave Policies? Evidence from Two Reforms in Italy

This paper studies the role of different policy instruments in the design of parental leave policies. Using Italian administrative data on the universe of working mothers, I implement a difference-indifferences design around two unemployment insurance reforms that increased, respectively, the level of benefits and the duration of benefits without offering job protection. I provide novel insights on the trade-offs that mothers face in making leave decisions, the relative value of benefits and job protection, and the incentive costs associated with parental leave policies. Both reforms increased separations from the pre-birth employer and delayed mothers’ return to work. I estimate the costs of changing the generosity of unprotected benefits in terms of earnings, labor force participation, and benefits from other social programs. Taking up unprotected benefits has an enormous cost in terms of foregone earnings for mothers, suggesting that the insurance value of short-term benefits is much higher than the value of job protection. I explore the role of informational frictions and childcare availability in shaping mothers’ leave decisions. I develop a conceptual framework to evaluate the welfare effects of parental leave policies. The analysis demonstrates job protection’s key role in reducing the incentive costs of parental leave policies while showing that mothers highly value insurance in the short term. Increasing the duration of benefits while at the same time extending job protection is welfare improving for mothers. Brown University, Department of Economics. Email: valeria_zurla@brown.edu. I am grateful to John Friedman, Emily Oster and Neil Thakral for their guidance and advice. This study uses the anonymous data from the Italian Institute of Social Security (INPS). Data access was provided as part of the Visitinps Scholars Initiative. I thank the staff of Direzione Centrale Studi e Ricerche at INPS for their invaluable support with the data and the institutional setting. This project benefited from discussions with Anna Aizer, Nicola Babarcich, Giulia Buccione, Edoardo Di Porto, Maor Milgrom, Pablo Garriga, Marco Stenborg Petterson, Jon Roth, Fabiano Schivardi, Jesse Shapiro, Sara Spaziani, Bryce Steinberg and seminar participants at Brown and INPS. Financial support from PSTC International Fellowship, the VisitINPS fellowship and the Policy Impact Early Career grant is gratefully acknowledged. The findings and conclusions expressed here are solely those of the author and do not represent the views of INPS.
The Impact of School Improvement Grants on Testing Proficiency at Low-Performing Public Schools

In 2010 and 2011, the School Improvement Grant (SIG) program gave some of the United States’ lowest performing public schools thousands of dollars per-student, accompanied by an overhaul of governance and faculty. In this paper I evaluate the SIG program’s effectiveness at improving rates of testing proficiency (attaining a passing grade or higher) at low-performing elementary and middle schools. I show that SIG increased rates of math proficiency on state standardized tests by 11% (up 4.5 percentage points, from a baseline of 40.2%), and increased rates of reading proficiency on state standardized tests by 8.9% (up 3.6 percentage points, from a baseline of 39.4%). I show that greater per-pupil funding led to more effective SIG interventions, but that SIG dollars exhibited diminishing marginal returns. I also show that SIG interventions were more effective at improving test proficiency at elementary schools, as opposed to middle schools. Additionally, I analyze school district finances to show that SIG funds fully passed through into school expenditures, meaning that SIG did not displace or otherwise impact other sources of school funding. ∗Much thanks to Lesley Turner, Christopher Carpenter, Andrea Moro, and the faculty of the Vanderbilt University Department of Economics for their helpful feedback and advice in writing this paper.
Practical applications of a recently developed method for calculating the head of a rotodynamic impeller

Abstract This paper discusses the practical significance of the recent finding that the amount of liquid which is directly affected by a blade appears to be of the same order of magnitude as the volume which the blade is displacing. The paper discusses, primarily, cases related to rotodynamic pumps, but it is emphasized that this finding is also applicable to a wide spectrum of additional disciplines.
Discovery of a Highly Collimated Flow from the High-mass Protostar ISOSS J23053+5953 SMM2

We present Very Large Array C-, X-, and Q-band continuum observations, as well as 1.3 mm continuum and CO(2-1) observations with the Submillimeter Array toward the high-mass protostellar candidate ISOSS J23053+5953 SMM2. Compact centimeter continuum emission was detected near the center of the SMM2 core with a spectral index of 0.24(± 0.15) between 6 and 3.6 cm, and a radio luminosity of 1.3(±0.4) mJy kpc2. The 1.3 mm thermal dust emission indicates a mass of the SMM2 core of 45.8 (±13.4) M ⊙, and a density of 7.1 (±1.2)× 106 cm−3. The CO(2-1) observations reveal a large, massive molecular outflow centered on the SMM2 core. This fast outflow (>50 km s−1 from the cloud systemic velocity) is highly collimated, with a broader, lower-velocity component. The large values for outflow mass (45.2 ± 12.6 M ⊙) and momentum rate (6 ± 2 × 10−3 M ⊙ km s−1yr−1) derived from the CO emission are consistent with those of flows driven by high-mass YSOs. The dynamical timescale of the flow is between 1.5 and 7.2 × 104 yr. We also found from the C18O to thermal dust emission ratio that CO is depleted by a factor of about 20, possibly due to freeze-out of CO molecules on dust grains. Our data are consistent with previous findings that ISOSS J23053 + 5953 SMM2 is an emerging high-mass protostar in an early phase of evolution, with an ionized jet and a fast, highly collimated, and massive outflow.
The First Detection of CH2CN in a Protoplanetary Disk

We report the first detection of the molecule cyanomethyl, CH2CN, in a protoplanetary disk. Until now, CH2CN had only been observed at earlier evolutionary stages, in the molecular clouds TMC-1, Sgr2, and L483, in the prestellar core L1544, and toward the protostar L1527. We detect six transitions of ortho-CH2CN toward the disk around nearby T Tauri star TW Hya. An excitation analysis reveals that the disk-averaged column density, N , for ortho-CH2CN is (6.3 ± 0.5) × 1012 cm−2, which is rescaled to reflect a 3:1 ortho-para ratio, resulting in a total column density, N tot, of (8.4 ± 0.7) × 1012 cm−2. We calculate a disk-average rotational temperature, T rot = 40 ± 5 K, while a radially resolved analysis shows that T rot remains relatively constant across the radius of the disk. This high rotation temperature suggests that in a static disk and if vertical mixing can be neglected, CH2CN is largely formed through gas-phase reactions in the upper layers of the disk, rather than solid-state reactions on the surface of grains in the disk midplane. The integrated intensity radial profiles show a ring structure consistent with molecules such as CN and DCN. We note that this is also consistent with previous lower-resolution observations of centrally peaked CH3CN emission toward the TW Hya disks, since the observed emission gap disappears when convolving our observations with a larger beam size. We obtain a CH2CN/CH3CN ratio ranging between 4 and 10. This high CH2CN/CH3CN is reproduced in a representative chemical model of the TW Hya disk that employs standard static disk chemistry model assumptions, i.e., without any additional tuning.
Effect of Cosmic Mean Metallicity on the Supernovae Cosmology

The initial metallicity of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) progenitor that is increasing with the cosmological chemical evolution will directly lead to a decrease of the 56Ni formed during the nucleosynthesis and then a varying standard candle. The variation may seriously affect our understanding of the evolving universe. In this work, we derived the relationships between 56Ni yield and metallicity in different progenitor channels. The evolution of the cosmic mean metallicity (CMM) was used to estimate the initial metallicity of progenitors. The effect of the delay times from the birth of progenitors to their explosion was also considered. The corrections of SNe Ia luminosity were estimated and the influences of the different progenitor channels and CMM evolution rates were examined. Several important cosmological parameters were updated according to the luminosity corrections.
External biofidelity in lateral impact measurement of global and local forces

A study was conducted to develop high-resolution external biofidelity data for the response of post-mortem human surrogates (PMHS) in side-impact loading. This study implemented stationary PMHS (N = 3) impacted by a wall moving at a constant velocity. The wall was subdivided into 15 impact plates, each instrumented to record the normal and shear forces as well as reaction moments about the shear axes. A method to determine the time-history of the centre of pressure (COP) of each load plate was developed and validated in both quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. A validation test demonstrated that the COP can be predicted to within 1 cm for loads generally achieved by the shoulder and pelvis. The repeatability of COP was very good for the pelvis, where maximum variation was 1.44 cm, but higher for the thorax (3.4 cm) and shoulder (4.1 cm). Patterns of COP motion on the pelvis plate were consistent for all subjects.
Ergative Anaphors and High Absolutive Syntax

Many ergative languages show an asymmetry in the Ā-domain: while the absolutive argument can undergo Ā-extraction, the ergative argument cannot. We refer to this as the Ergative Extraction Constraint (EEC; Aissen 2017). It is one of the patterns grouped under ‘Syntactic Ergativity’ (Dixon 1994). The standard analysis of the EEC links it to locality (Rizzi 1990, Campana 1992). This analysis treats the constraint as a byproduct of a ‘High Absolutive’ configuration: one where the absolutive argument systematically moves to a position above the ergative argument (1). In this context, the extraction of the ergative argument could be ruled out in several ways: for instance, from locality constraints on Ā-extraction (Shlonsky 1992, Coon et al. to appear) or from phase theory (Aldridge 2004, Coon et al. 2014). We refer to this family of approaches collectively as the Locality Analysis.
Assessment of the Impact of COVID-19 on Drug Store Management in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Central India

Introduction: One-third of the annual hospital budget is spent on the purchase of medicines, materials, and supplies. Drug store management is a complex but critical process within the healthcare delivery system. Health supply chains, the import of active pharmaceutical ingredients, transportation, procurement, finished products have been disrupted by COVID-19. Materials & methods: A retrospective, observational study was carried out at the Department of Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur. Quantitative data about the pattern of consumption of 20 most commonly used drugs (10 antibiotics, three analgesics, three antipyretics, two anticoagulants, and two steroids), and 20 most frequently used consumables were sourced from existing records of the Central Pharmacy for 24 months between 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2020. Results: A significant rise in the consumption pattern was seen in 25 drugs and consumables out of 40 total selected drugs and consumables. The maximum increase was observed in antibiotics followed by antipyretics, and the least increase was observed in analgesics followed by anticoagulants. Tablet Azithromycin 500 mg was the most frequently used antibiotic during the COVID-19 Period as compared to the Pre-COVID-19 period followed by injection Piperacillin + Tazobactam. The only antibiotic having a decline in consumption and also with the lowest consumption was tablet Metronidazole 400 mg. The highest increase in consumables occurs by 10088% in N95 Masks, followed by 573% in shoe covers, and 153% in face masks (three-layers), respectively. Conclusion: This study will enhance education to the pharmaceutical industries, policymakers to the Government, and other hospitals on how to better manage drug stores in future pandemic-like situations. Proper drug store management played a crucial role in medication usage that improved patient outcomes and prevented the misuse of medications. The pattern of changes in the consumption of drugs and consumables in the present study can be utilized by other hospitals in the third wave of the pandemic.
Graph6Java: A Researcher–Friendly Java Framework for Testing Conjectures in Chemical Graph Theory (cid:73)

An important part of a chemical graph theorist’s research work is concerned with making observations and developing intuition about a particular research problem through extensive numerical testing. Research questions in chemical graph theory are often restricted to specific graph classes in which one is either looking for extremal values and extremal graphs of graph invariants, or graphs satisfying certain constraints, or inequalities between different invariants. Many graphs from such classes can nowadays be easily generated or readily downloaded from the web in nauty’s graph6 format. We describe here a Java framework we call Graph6Java for answering the above research questions among sets of graphs given in graph6 format, which represents unification of testing programs that we had used over the years. Graph6Java consists of templates that can be easily customized so that the researcher’s initial work should reduce just to rephrasing a question in hand within a specific template. This way one can quickly prepare numerical calculations to be performed over large sets of graphs and shift focus to more creative research work instead. The use of templates is described in detail and illustrated on several conjectures from chemical graph theory.
Wheat-Bowen, Elliott An analysis of football-related violence by England and Russia fans during the 2016 European Championship Original Citation Wheat-Bowen, Elliott (2018) An analysis of football-related violence by England and Russia fans

p. 2 Introduction. p. 5 Literature Review: Defining football-related violence. p. 8-9 Early Approaches. p. 9-15 Figurational Approach. p. 15-19 Mass Media Approach. p. 19-21 Ethnogenic Approach. p. 21-24 Securitisation. p. 24-26 Analysis and Conclusions. p. 26-28
Study on the Evaluation Index System and Evaluation Method for the Building Energy-Saving and Green Building Demonstration Zone

this paper referred to the existing green building assessment system at home and abroad, and combined with China's specific national conditions, then constructed evaluation index system of energy-saving and green building demonstration zone from eight aspects including section, water saving, energy saving, material saving, environmental protection, renewable energy utilization, demonstration area planning and operational management. At the same time, the green building demonstration area three-star evaluation standard was put forward. Besides, this paper introduced analytic hierarchy process and grey comprehensive evaluation method, and combined with the instance su qian lakeside newtown to carry out a full green evaluation by using the proposed index system and evaluation method. Considering the research on green demonstration area in China is not yet mature, this paper research on the development and promotion of energy saving buildings in China has great reference value.
Research_9826046 1..16

Controlled polypeptide synthesis via α-amino acid N-carboxylic anhydride (NCA) polymerization using conventional primary amine initiators encounters two major obstacles: (i) normal amine mechanism (NAM) and activated monomer mechanism (AMM) coexist due to amine basicity and nucleophilicity and (ii) NCA is notoriously sensitive towards moisture and heat and unstable upon storage. We serendipitously discover that N-phenoxycarbonyl-functionalized α-amino acid (NPCA), a latent NCA precursor, could be polymerized solely based on NAM with high initiating efficiency by using primary amine hydrochloride as an initiator. The polymerization affords well-defined polypeptides with narrow polydispersity and highfidelity terminal functionalities, as revealed by the clean set of MALDI-TOF MS patterns. We further demonstrate successful syntheses of random and block copolypeptides, even under open-vessel conditions. Overall, the integration of moistureinsensitive and air-tolerant NPCA precursors with stable primary amine hydrochloride initiators represents a general strategy for controlled synthesis of high-fidelity polypeptides with sophisticated functions.
DFO: A Robust Framework for Data-driven Decision-making with Outliers

This work studies Distributionally Favorable Optimization (DFO), which seeks the best decision of a datadriven stochastic program under the most favorable distribution from a distributional family. When a stochastic program contains either endogenous or exogenous outliers, the commonly-used Distributionally Robust Optimization (DRO) models tend to over-emphasize the unrealistic scenarios, and cause non-robust misleading or even infeasible decisions. On the contrary, DFO can significantly mitigate the effects of outliers and has not yet been well studied. Thus, this paper fills the gap and shows that DFO recovers many robust statistics and can be truly “robust” in the presence of outliers. While being NP-hard in general, many DFO models can be mixed-integer convex programming representable. We further propose a notion of decision outlier robustness to properly select a DFO framework for the data-driven optimization with outliers and extend the proposed DFO frameworks to solve two-stage stochastic programs without relatively complete recourse. The numerical study confirms the promising of the proposed frameworks.
The Loss of a Service Dog Through Death or Retirement: Experiences and Impact on Partners

This study was designed to better understand how service dog partners experience the loss of their service dog. An anonymous survey was distributed to service dog partners who had lost a dog within the last five years. One-way ANOVAs were used to assess loss differences (retirement vs. death) on scores for Centrality of Events Scale, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, Social Constraints Measure, and Self-Compassion Scale. Linear regression was conducted on the total bereavement score to determine the impact of the above assessment measures. We found higher grief scores for those whose service dog died compared to those whose dog retired. Perceptions of social constraints and feelings related to the centrality of the event were predictors of overall grief for those who lost a dog due to retirement; centrality of event feelings predicted grief level for those experiencing a death. Findings suggest a need for grief support for service dog partners.
Normal-mode analysis of ferrite-coupled lines using microstrips or slotlines

A normal-mode analysis of a pair of axially-magnetized ferrite-coupled lines (FCL) is presented for the first time. This normal-mode method, as opposed to the coupled-mode method, will permit optimization of propagation characteristics and impedance-matching. Also, the finite element solution of the normal modes can be used to obtain the field distribution to assist suitable placement of ferrite for device applications. Potential applications include a novel 4-port distributed microstrip circulator which may have advantages over junction devices at millimetric wavelengths. Optimum normal-mode conditions for the use of the FCL as a component in the distributed circulator are derived, and the design procedure for microstrip FCL is presented for the first time.