Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced Bone Mass and Increased Osteocyte Tartrate‐Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) Activity, But Not Low Mineralized Matrix Around Osteocyte Lacunae, Are Restored After Recovery From Exogenous Hyperthyroidism in Male Mice

Hyperthyroidism causes secondary osteoporosis through favoring bone resorption over bone formation, leading to bone loss with elevated bone fragility. Osteocytes that reside within lacunae inside the mineralized bone matrix orchestrate the process of bone remodeling and can themselves actively resorb bone upon certain stimuli. Nevertheless, the interaction between thyroid hormones and osteocytes and the impact of hyperthyroidism on osteocyte cell function are still unknown. In a preliminary study, we analyzed bones from male C57BL/6 mice with drug‐induced hyperthyroidism, which led to mild osteocytic osteolysis with 1.14‐fold larger osteocyte lacunae and by 108.33% higher tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in osteocytes of hyperthyroid mice compared to euthyroid mice. To test whether hyperthyroidism‐induced bone changes are reversible, we rendered male mice hyperthyroid by adding levothyroxine into their drinking water for 4 weeks, followed by a weaning period of 4 weeks with access to normal drinking water. Hyperthyroid mice displayed cortical and trabecular bone loss due to high bone turnover, which recovered with weaning. Although canalicular number and osteocyte lacunar area were similar in euthyroid, hyperthyroid and weaned mice, the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL)‐positive osteocytes was 100% lower in the weaning group compared to euthyroid mice and the osteocytic TRAP activity was eightfold higher in hyperthyroid animals. The latter, along with a 3.75% lower average mineralization around the osteocyte lacunae in trabecular bone, suggests osteocytic osteolysis activity that, however, did not result in significantly enlarged osteocyte lacunae. In conclusion, we show a recovery of bone microarchitecture and turnover after reversal of hyperthyroidism to a euthyroid state. In contrast, osteocytic osteolysis was initiated in hyperthyroidism, but its effects were not reversed after 4 weeks of weaning. Due to the vast number of osteocytes in bone, we speculate that even minor individual cell functions might contribute to altered bone quality and mineral homeostasis in the setting of hyperthyroidism‐induced bone disease. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Comparative study on decision making power of Self Help Group and non-Self Help Group women in relation to farm activities.

This study was conducted in Katwa block- I under Katwa sub-division of Burdwan district, West Bengal, India to study the influence of Self Help Groups on women’s decision making in farm activities. Through stratified random sampling technique respondents were selected. Findings revealed that majority of respondents (59%) were young women in the age group between 20 to 35 years. Most women respondents (98.5%) were from Hindu Scheduled caste and tribe. Mostly literate women sampled in this study participated in farm activities. Women were engaged in various activities such as farming, livestock rearing and farm labour, There were significant differences between the woman members of SF and MF households of both SHGs and non-SHGs in relation to their decision making in farm activities. The decision making level of SHG women appeared leading edge than the non-SHG women indicating the significance impact of Self-help groups on rural women’s decision making process. The most striking feature of this study was that woman respondents of MF households of both SHGs and non-SHGs had taken mostly joint decisions in every decision areas showing the negative correlation between the joint decision score and the amount of land holding. Moreover, both SHG and non-SHG women had taken decisions jointly in most farm activities indicating the goals of equality development, achieving peace of the family and improvement of the socio-economic status of the family. From this study, it is recommended here to take immediate steps for empowering them by providing latest scientific knowledge and skill through effective and appropriate channel so that they can help, motivate and influence the male farmers in taking accurate decisions in farm activities. Hence, it is the need of hour that both male and female should jointly take the decisions and women farmers should be encouraged and motivated to participate in on farm decisions also .
Knowledge, Skills, and Self-Disclosure Following a Sexual Abuse Prevention Program Among Iranian Preschoolers: A Cluster Quasi-Experimental Controlled Study

Standard empirical studies are needed despite three decades of research on child sexual abuse prevention programs (CSAPPs). This study aimed to investigate the effects of CSAPP on the child’s sexual safety. A multicenter, random cluster, quasi-experimental controlled survey was conducted in a 1:1 ratio in Tehran, Iran, from May to December 2019 in seventy 5- to 6-years-old children from 10 kindergartens. In groups of 7 to 8, the intervention group participated in four sessions of 45 minutes of face-to-face sexual self-care training, 3 to 4 days apart. The control groups received one session on accident safety. Knowledge, self-protective skills, fear, and self-disclosure were assessed respectively by the “Personal Safety Questionnaire (PSQ),” “What If Situation Test (WIST),” “Fear Assessment Thermometer Scale (FATS),” and researcher-made questions before and 8 weeks after the intervention. At the baseline, children obtained 70% of knowledge and 45% of protective skills scores. After the intervention, knowledge, protective skills, and detection of “appropriate requests” were significantly promoted (p < .001). Detecting “inappropriate requests” did not differ; however, all quadruple skills (Say, Do, Tell, and Report) improved significantly. “Girl sex” and “parents’ education” were related factors promoting children’s protective skills. Sexual abuse self-disclosure was 4.2% (n = 3), and one child reported child sexual abuse (CSA) only after the intervention. Despite the lack of formal education, children's basic knowledge reflects the importance of parents in preventing CSA. However, the CSAPP significantly improved children’s skills and revealed one CSA case. CSAPP should not focus solely on risky scenarios because if children cannot distinguish between safe and unsafe situations, they will experience unnecessary anxiety. Even after recognizing the dangerous conditions, CSA prevention will practically fail without appropriate reactions such as escaping and reporting. CSAPP should emphasize individual rights such as body ownership and assertiveness skills and explain the “danger of known people” with detailed scenarios, especially in collectivistic and traditional societies.
Keck Deep Fields. I. Observations, Reductions, and the Selection of Faint Star-forming Galaxies at Redshifts z ~ 4, 3, and 2

We introduce a very deep, ℛlim ~ 27, multicolor imaging survey of very faint star-forming galaxies at z ~ 4, 3, 2.2, and 1.7. This survey, carried out on the Keck I telescope, uses the very same UnGℛI filter system that is employed by the Steidel team to select galaxies at these redshifts and thus allows us to construct identically selected but much fainter samples. However, our survey reaches ~1.5 mag deeper than the work of Steidel and his group, letting us probe substantially below the characteristic luminosity L* and thus study the properties and redshift evolution of the faint component of the high-z galaxy population. The survey covers 169 arcmin2 in three spatially independent patches on the sky and—to ℛ ≤ 27—contains 427 GℛI-selected z ~ 4 Lyman break galaxies, 1481 UnGℛ-selected z ~ 3 Lyman break galaxies, 2417 UnGℛ-selected z ~ 2.2 star-forming galaxies, and 2043 UnGℛ-selected z ~ 1.7 star-forming galaxies. In this paper, the first in a series, we introduce the survey, describe our observing and data reduction strategies, and outline the selection of our z ~ 4, 3, 2.2, and 1.7 samples.
Long-term trends of magnetic bright points: I. Number of MBPs at disc centre

Context. The Sun shows an activity cycle that is caused by its varying global magnetic field. During a solar cycle, sunspots, i.e. extended regions of strong magnetic fields, occur in activity belts that are slowly migrating from middle to lower latitudes, finally arriving close to the equator during the cycle maximum phase. While this have been well known for centuries, much less is known about the solar cycle evolution of small-scale magnetic fields. Aims. To address this question, we study magnetic bright points (MBPs) as proxies for such small-scale, kG solar magnetic fields. This study is based on a homogeneous data set that covers a period of eight years. Methods. An automated MBP identification algorithm was applied to the synoptic Hinode/SOT G-band data over the period November 2006 to August 2014, i.e. covering the decreasing phase of Cycle 23 and the rise, maximum, and early decrease of Cycle 24. This data set includes, at the moment of investigation, a total of 4 162 images, with about 2.9 million single MBP detections. Results. After a careful preselection and monthly median filtering of the data, the investigation revealed that the number of MBPs close to the equator is coupled to the global solar cycle but shifted in time by about 2.5 years. Furthermore, the instantaneous number of detected MBPs depends on the hemisphere, with one hemisphere being more prominent, i.e. showing a higher number of MBPs. After the end of Cycle 23 and at the starting point of Cycle 24, the more active hemisphere changed from south to north. Conclusions. These findings suggest that there is indeed a coupling between the activity of MBPs close to the equator with the global magnetic field. The results also indicate that a significant fraction of the magnetic flux that is visible as MBPs close to the equator originates from the sunspot activity belts.
Chemical Abundances in the Secondary Star in the Black Hole Binary A0620–00

Using a high-resolution spectrum of the secondary star in the black hole binary A0620-00, we have derived the stellar parameters and veiling caused by the accretion disk in a consistent way. We have used a χ2 minimization procedure to explore a grid of 800,000 LTE synthetic spectra computed for a plausible range of both stellar and veiling parameters. Adopting the best model parameters found, we have determined atmospheric abundances of Fe, Ca, Ti, Ni, and Al. The Fe abundance of the star is [Fe/H] = 0.14 ± 0.20. Except for Ca, we found the other elements moderately overabundant as compared with stars in the solar neighborhood of similar iron content. Taking into account the small orbital separation, the mass transfer rate, and the mass of the convection zone of the secondary star, a comparison with element yields in supernova explosion models suggests a possible explosive event with a mass cut comparable to the current mass of the compact object. We have also analyzed the Li abundance, which is unusually high for a star of this spectral type and relatively low mass.
Critical behavior of two-dimensional cubic and MN models in the five-loop renormalization group approximation

The critical thermodynamics of the two-dimensional N-vector cubic and MN models is studied within the field-theoretical renormalization group (RG) approach. The {beta} functions and critical exponents are calculated in the five-loop approximation and the RG series obtained are resummed using the Borel-Leroy transformation combined with the generalized Pade approximant and conformal mapping techniques. For the cubic model, the RG flows for various N are investigated. For N=2 it is found that the continuous line of fixed points running from the XY fixed point to the Ising one is well reproduced by the resummed RG series and an account for the five-loop terms makes the lines of zeros of both {beta} functions closer to each another. For the cubic model with N{>=}3, the five-loop contributions are shown to shift the cubic fixed point, given by the four-loop approximation, towards the Ising fixed point. This confirms the idea that the existence of the cubic fixed point in two dimensions under N>2 is an artifact of the perturbative analysis. For the quenched dilute O(M) models (MN models with N=0) the results are compatible with a stable pure fixed point for M{>=}1. For the MN model with M,N{>=}2 all the nonperturbative results are reproduced.more » In addition a new stable fixed point is found for moderate values of M and N. « less
VERY LARGE ARRAY OBSERVATIONS OF AMMONIA IN HIGH-MASS STAR FORMATION REGIONS

We report systematic mapping observations of the NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2) inversion lines toward 62 high-mass star-forming regions using the Very Large Array (VLA) in its D and DnC array configurations. The VLA images cover a spatial dynamic range from 40″ to 3″, allowing us to trace gas kinematics from ∼1 pc scales to ≲0.1 pc scales. Based on the NH3 morphology and the infrared nebulosity on 1 pc scales, we categorize three subclasses in the sample: filaments, hot cores, and NH3-dispersed sources. The ubiquitous gas filaments found on 1 pc scales have a typical width of ∼0.1 pc and often contain regularly spaced fragments along the major axis. The spacing of the fragments and the column densities is consistent with the turbulent supported fragmentation of cylinders. Several sources show multiple filaments that converge toward a center where the velocity field in the filaments is consistent with gas flows. We derive rotational temperature maps for the entire sample. For the three hot core sources, we find a projected radial temperature distribution that is best fit by power-law indices from −0.18 to −0.35. We identify 174 velocity-coherent ∼0.1 pc scale dense cores from the entire sample. The mean physical properties for these cores are 1.1 km s−1 in intrinsic linewidth, 18 K in NH3 rotational temperature, 2.3 × 1015 cm−2 in NH3 gas column density, and 67 M☉ in molecular mass. The dense cores identified from the filamentary sources are closer to being virialized. Dense cores in the other two categories of sources appear to be dynamically unstable.
CONCURRENT FORMATION OF CARBON AND SILICATE DUST IN NOVA V1280 SCO

We present infrared multi-epoch observations of the dust-forming nova V1280 Sco over ∼2000 days from the outburst. The temporal evolution of the infrared spectral energy distributions at 1272, 1616, and 1947 days can be explained by the emissions produced by amorphous carbon dust of mass (6.6–8.7) × 10−8 M⊙ with a representative grain size of 0.01 μm and astronomical silicate dust of mass (3.4–4.3) × 10−7 M⊙ with a representative grain size of 0.3–0.5 μm. Both of these dust species travel farther away from the white dwarf without apparent mass evolution throughout those later epochs. The dust formation scenario around V1280 Sco suggested from our analyses is that the amorphous carbon dust is formed in the nova ejecta followed by the formation of silicate dust either in the expanding nova ejecta or as a result of the interaction between the nova wind and the circumstellar medium.
Miniature Ferroelectret Microphone Design and Performance Evaluation Using Laser Excitation

Miniature microphones suitable for measurements of ultrasonic wave field scans in air are expensive or lack sensitivity or do not cover the range beyond 100 kHz. It is essential that they are too large for such fields measurements. The use of a ferroelectret (FE) film is proposed to construct a miniature, needle-style 0.5-mm-diameter sensitive element ultrasonic microphone. FE has an acoustic impedance much closer to that of air compared with other alternatives and is low cost and easy to process. The performance of the microphone was evaluated by measuring the sensitivity area map, directivity, ac response, and calibrating the absolute sensitivity. Another novel contribution here is that the sensitivity map was obtained by scanning the focused beam of a laser diode over the microphone surface, producing thermoelastic ultrasound excitation. The electroacoustic response of the microphone served as a sensitivity indicator at a scan spot. Micrometer scale granularity of the FE sensitivity was revealed in the sensitivity map images. It was also demonstrated that the relative ac response of the microphone can be obtained using pulsed laser beam thermoelastic excitation of the whole microphone surface with a laser diode. The absolute sensitivity calibration was done using the hybrid three-transducer reciprocity technique. A large aperture, air coupled transducer beam was focused onto the microphone surface, using the parabolic off-axis mirror. This measurement validated the laser ac response measurements. The FE microphone performance was compared with biaxially stretched polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) microphone of the same construction.
X-ray binaries as the origin of nebular He II emission in low-metallicity star-forming galaxies

The origin of nebular He II emission, which is frequently observed in low-metallicity (O/H) star-forming galaxies, remains largely an unsolved question. Using the observed anticorrelation of the integrated X-ray luminosity per unit of star formation rate (LX/SFR) of an X-ray binary population with metallicity and other empirical data from the well-studied galaxy I Zw 18, we show that the observed He II λ4686 intensity and its trend with metallicity is naturally reproduced if the bulk of He+ ionizing photons are emitted by the X-ray sources. We also show that a combination of X-ray binary population models with normal single and/or binary stellar models reproduces the observed I(4686)/I(Hβ) intensities and its dependency on metallicity and age. We conclude that both empirical data and theoretical models suggest that high-mass X-ray binaries are the main source of nebular He II emission in low-metallicity star-forming galaxies.
On the model of the circumgalactic mist: the implications of cloud sizes in galactic winds and haloes

Ubiquitous detections of cold/warm gas around galaxies indicate that the circumgalactic medium (CGM) is multiphase and dynamic. Recent state-of-the-art cosmological galaxy simulations have generally underproduced the column density of cold halo gas. We argue that this may be due to a mismatch of spatial resolution in the circumgalactic space and the relevant physical scales at which the cold gas operates. Using semi-analytic calculations and a set of magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we present a multiphase model of the gaseous haloes around galaxies, the circumgalactic mist (CGmist). The CGmist model is based on the idea that the observed cold halo gas may be a composite of cold, dense, and small cloudlets embedded in a hot diffuse halo, resembling terrestrial clouds and mist. We show that the resulting cold gas from thermal instabilities conforms to a characteristic column density of $N_{\rm H}\approx 10^{17}\, \rm {cm^{-2}}$ as predicted by the cstcool ansatz. The model implies a large number of cold clumps in the inner galactic halo with a small volume filling factor but a large covering fraction. The model also naturally gives rise to spatial extents and differential covering fractions of cold, warm, and hot gas. To self-consistently model the co-evolution of the CGM and star formation within galaxies, future simulations must address the mismatch of the spatial resolution and characteristic scale of cold gas.
Synthesis and characterization of a calcium phosphate bone cement with quercetin-containing PEEK/PLGA microparticles

This study aimed to describe the synthesis and characterization of a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) with polyetheretherketone/poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PEEK/PLGA) micro-particles containing quercetin. CPC powder was synthesized by mixing dicalcium phosphate anhydrate and tetracalcium phosphate. To synthesize PEEK/PLGA microparticles, PLGA85:15 was mixed with 90 wt% PEEK. The weight ratio of quercetin/PLGA/PEEK was 1:9:90 wt%. PEEK/PLGA/quercetin microparticles with 3, 5, and 6 wt% was added to CPC. The setting time, compressive strength, drug release profile, solubility, pH, and porosity of synthesized cement were evaluated. The morphology and physicochemical properties of particles was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay using dental pulp stem cells. Expression of osteoblastic differentiation genes was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (alpha = 0.05). The setting time of 3 wt% CPC was significantly longer than 5 and 6 wt% CPC (P < 0.001). The 6 wt% CPC had significantly higher compressive strength than other groups (P = 0.001). The release of quercetin from CPCs increased for 5 d, and then reached a plateau. XRD and FTIR confirmed the presence of hydroxyapatite in cement composition. Significantly higher expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) was noted in 3 wt% and 6 wt% CPCs. Addition of quercetin-containing PEEK/PLGA microparticles to CPC enhanced its compressive strength, decreased its setting time, enabled controlled drug release, and up-regulated OPN and OCN.
ANALYSIS OF LINEAR SCORING OF CONFORMATION TRAITS IN CZECH

1 This work was funded by a grant from the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic, (Project no. QJ1510141). 2 Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Praha 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic, e-mail: vostry@af.czu. cz 3 Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 01, Praha Uhříněves, Czech Republic, e-mail: vydrova@pef.czu. cz 4 Same address as 2, e-mail: hofmanova@af.czu. cz 5 Same address as 3, e-mail: vesela.zdenka@vuzv.cz 6 Same address as 2, 3, e-mail: schmidova.jitka@vuzv.cz ABSTRACT The analysis of linear scoring of conformation traits performed in 946 individuals of Czech-Moravian Belgian horse (CMB), 574 Silesian Norikers (N) and 640 horses of Noriker breed (N) was conducted by linear model with fixed effects sex, age at scoring, breed, contemporary group (year of scoring × place of scoring × classifier). Data obtained from horses of these three different breeds were recorded in one single database. Descriptive statistics (mean value, standard deviation, variation coefficient) were calculated for all monitored traits. The incomplete use of variability scale was detected for the most of scored traits. For none of the monitored traits the whole scale (1–9) was used. Significant differences between mares and stallions were found only for 5 traits. The age of the horse at the scoring had no significant effect for the most of the traits. Both effects (sex and age at the scoring) did not reach statistical significance for the majority of monitored traits in all breeds. On the contrary, in all traits statistically significant differences in effect of contemporary group (year of scoring × place of scoring × classifier) were found.
Observation of Ds1(2536)+ ->D+pi-K+ and angular decomposition of Ds1(2536)+ ->D*+K0S

Using 462 fb−1 of e+e− annihilation data recorded by the Belle detector, we report the first observation of the decay Ds1(2536) + → D+π−K+. The ratio of branching fractions B(D + s1 →D+π−K+) B(D s1 →D∗+K0) is measured to be (3.27 ± 0.18 ± 0.37)%. We also study the angular distributions in the Ds1(2536) + → D∗+K0 S decay and measure the ratio of Dand S-wave amplitudes. The S-wave dominates, with a partial width of ΓS/Γtotal = 0.72 ± 0.05 ± 0.01. PACS numbers: 11.80. Et, 13.25. Ft, 13.30. Eg, 13.66. Bc, 13.87. Fh, 13.88. +e, 14.40. Lb