Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genesis and Evolution of Ferromanganese Crusts from the Summit of Rio Grande Rise, Southwest Atlantic Ocean

The Rio Grande Rise (RGR) is a large elevation in the Atlantic Ocean and known to host potential mineral resources of ferromanganese crusts (Fe–Mn), but no investigation into their general characteristics have been made in detail. Here, we investigate the chemical and mineralogical composition, growth rates and ages of initiation, and phosphatization of relatively shallow-water (650–825 m) Fe–Mn crusts dredged from the summit of RGR by using computed tomography, X-ray diffraction, 87Sr/86Sr ratios, U–Th isotopes, and various analytical techniques to determine their chemical composition. Fe–Mn crusts from RGR have two distinct generations. The older one has an estimated age of initiation around 48–55 Ma and was extensively affected by post-depositional processes under suboxic conditions resulting in phosphatization during the Miocene (from 20 to 6.8 Ma). As a result, the older generation shows characteristics of diagenetic Fe–Mn deposits, such as low Fe/Mn ratios (mean 0.52), high Mn, Ni, and Li contents and the presence of a 10 Å phyllomanganate, combined with the highest P content among crusts (up to 7.7 wt %). The younger generation is typical of hydrogenetic crusts formed under oxic conditions, with a mean Fe/Mn ratio of 0.75 and mean Co content of 0.66 wt %, and has the highest mean contents of Bi, Nb, Ni, Te, Rh, Ru, and Pt among crusts formed elsewhere. The regeneration of nutrients from local biological productivity in the water column is the main source of metals to crusts, providing mainly metals that regenerate rapidly in the water column and are made available at relatively shallow water depths (Ni, As, V, and Cd), at the expense of metals of slower regeneration (Si and Cu). Additionally, important contributions of nutrients may derive from various water masses, especially the South Atlantic Mode Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). Bulk Fe–Mn crusts from the summit of RGR plateau are generally depleted in metals considered of greatest economic interest in crusts like Co, REE, Mo, Te, and Zr, but are the most enriched in the critical metals Ni and Li compared to other crusts. Further investigations are warranted on Fe–Mn crusts from deeper-water depths along the RGR plateau and surrounding areas, which would less likely be affected by phosphatization.
Sustainability of high‐country pastures under contrasting development inputs. 9. Vegetation dynamics

Abstract Changes in pasture composition over 24 years are reported for two grazed multiple‐species mixture trials on a high‐country soil. Quantified response equations (34) between different plant species ranking, vegetation types, time, fertiliser and grazing input treatments for 19 years are reported depending on whether estimation is of “species from environment” (species response from treatment variables) or “environment from species” (treatment variables from species composition). Species abundance and vegetation type were primarily determined by S and P fertiliser levels, duration of development, and only secondarily by relative stocking rate or grazing method. Species dominance and vegetation continued to change over time. Lupinus polyphyllus was dominant over most of the period at low fertiliser input levels, while Trifolium ambiguum increased steadily to dominate in the higher fertiliser input levels during the second decade, with both as sustainable pasture species options.
Navicordulia aemulatrix sp. nov. (Odonata, Corduliidae) from northeastern Santa Catarina State, Brazil

Navicordulia aemulatrix sp. nov. (holotype male deposited in MZSP: Brazil, Santa Catarina State, [Sao Bento do Sul municipality, 26°14'58"S, 49°22'59"W], [railroad station] Rio Vermelho, II.1952) is described and illustrated based on three males. The long cercus (2.9-3.2 mm) places this species in the longistyla-group together with N. kiautai, N. longistyla and N. nitens but it differs from them mainly by the shape of cercus, with carinated part occupying 0.33 of cercus total length, and also by dorsal, ventro-medial and ventro-lateral tubercles developed. An unusual process on tergal portion of prothorax is reported for the first time in Navicordulia. The rate of description of new species of South American 'Corduliidae' is discussed. A map with records of Atlantic Forest Navicordulia species and a list of Brazilian corduliids by state are also presented.
Diet of the milk shark, Rhizoprionodon acutus (Rüppel, 1837) (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae), from the Senegalese coast

Summary The diet of the milk shark, Rhizoprionodon acutus, from the Senegalese coast (12°30′N–14°45′N) was investigated in 3600 specimens with total lengths ranging from 44 to 113 cm for females and from 45 to 110 cm for males. Conducted from May 2010 to April 2011, the study revealed that of the 3600 stomachs examined, 577 contained food (16.03%). Cumulative prey diversity curves reached a stable level at 175 stomachs and thus the sample size was large enough to describe the overall milk shark diet. Relevant differences in the diet were found between sexes, maturity stages, sampling seasons and locations. The milk shark diet was composed of teleosts, crustaceans, mollucs, nematodes, annelids, and unidentified invertebrates. R. acutus seemed to have a preference for teleosts (98.75% in terms of IRI). The trophic level of milk shark calculated in this study was 4.2.
Teachers’ compassionate love for students: a possible determinant of teacher-student relationships with adolescents and a mediator between teachers’ perceived support from coworkers and teacher-student relationships

ABSTRACT Positive effects of teacher-student relationships (TSR) have been widely documented. However, fewer studies have explored the determinants of TSR. The present study examined the effect of a possible determinant of TSR whose role has not yet been investigated – teachers’ compassionate love. It also examined the mediating role of teachers’ compassionate love in the link between teachers’ perceived social support and TSR. A sample of teachers (N = 142) answered an online questionnaire including the compassionate love scale. Teachers’ compassionate love predicted the closeness dimension of TSR, even after controlling for attachment style, subjective well-being, and teachers’ gender. Teachers’ perceived social support from co-workers predicted teachers’ compassionate love and the closeness dimension of TSR. The connection between teachers’ perceived social support from co-workers and the closeness dimension of TSR appeared fully mediated by both dimensions of teachers’ compassionate love. Hence, teachers’ compassionate love is a crucial factor in the way students experience school.
Envelhecimento acelerado para avaliar o vigor de sementes de feijão caupi

Seed vigor testing is an important component of quality control programs, and accelerated aging is a possible option in this process. This study was conducted to investigate procedures to assess seed vigor by the accelerated aging test in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) seeds. Samples from Setentao and Epace 10 cultivars, harvested in 1998, 2001, 2002 and 2003 were used. During the experimental period seeds were stored in plastic bags and kept at 10oC and 50% R.H. Accelerated aging was performed at 40, 42 and 45oC during 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours; seeds were kept in plastic boxes with 40mL of distilled water in a BOD chamber. Seeds were tested for germination and moisture content before and after aging. The best condition to evaluate physiological potential of cowpea seeds was the combination 42oC/48 hours.
Insect growth inhibitors from two tropical Meliaceae: Effect of crude seed extracts on mosquito larvae 1

The larvicidal effect of acetone extracts from Melia volkensii and M. azedarach seeds were compared with the pure natural growth inhibitor azadirachtin A in their morphogenetic effects against Culex pipiens molestus. There are significant differences between the insecticidal activity of both the crude extracts. M. volkensii acetone extract results in equal toxicity for larvae and pupae with LD50 of 30 μg/ml. M. azedarach acetone extract is exclusively larvicidal with LD50 of 40 μg/ml and has no inhibitory effect on the pupal stage. Like the crude M. volkensii extract, pure azadirachtin A is equally toxic to larvae and pupae with LD50 of 1–5 μg/ml. The bioactive compounds from M. volkensii are thermostable and partially soluble in water.
Where do women birth during a pandemic? Changing perspectives on Safe Motherhood during the COVID-19 pandemic

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health systems all over the world are either stressed to their maximum capacity or anticipating becoming overwhelmed. The population is advised not to attend hospital unless strictly necessary, yet this advice seems to apply to all but healthy women during childbirth. Specialized hospital care during childbirth can be lifesaving in case of obstetric complications or for COVID-19 symptomatic women, while strong evidence suggests the appropriateness of midwifery units that are integrated into the healthcare system for eligible women. We must ask ourselves whether obstetric units are the appropriate birthing facilities for healthy women during the pandemic. We have learned from previous crises that the needs of women and children are often badly served during disasters. The COVID-19 pandemic raises concerns over escalation of mistreatment and abuse media are already reporting on restrictions to the rights of birthing women in Europe and the US. In addition, concerns have emerged over increased risk of infection to COVID-19 among birthing women and familied by concentrating all women in obstetric units and lack of optimal care due to pressure on staff and resources. Women's rights in childbirth are being threatened by lack of care during labor, restrictions on accompaniment, unnecessary interventions including inductions, separation of mother and baby and prohibition on breastfeeding. An effective response to the crisis depends on strong and coordinated health care systems where mothers can birth safely, and the needs of the newborn babies are met. The interpretation of what constitute safe care is a stimulus for a strong debate between those who argue for strengthening community and primary care services and those who recommend for centralization of all births in hospitals. This debate is particularly salient during this pandemic and in preparation of future pandemics. We propose a strategic response in the face of the pandemic by expanding the use of midwifery units both alongside the obstetric unit and freestanding (in the community). Where midwifery units are absent pop-up units can be created quickly following the example of the Netherlands. This strategy in high income countries is evidence-based and also serves as a response to the surge in requests of safe childbirths pathways away from the obstetric unit by concerned women at unprecedented rates. We urge policy makers to consider replicating this model in low- and middle-income countries where hospital conditions are more precarious. A strong collaboration between midwives, nurses, obstetricians and neonatologists and the integration of primary care and acute services could ensure safety while maximizing the rational use of resources. Immediate strategic action would ensure that women are able to access appropriate care at the appropriate time, while hospitals continue to respond to the COVID-19 crisis and obstetric units are kept for women needing specialist care.
English in the linguistic landscape of Jordanian shopping malls: Sociolinguistic variation and translanguaging

The spread of English is one of the notable aspects of the visual marketplace in modern Jordan. This paper investigates how English is negotiated and constructed inside Jordanian shopping malls in the linguistic landscape. It also examines the sociolinguistic roles played by English and other linguistic resources in those shopping malls. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative data. The research sites are two shopping malls in Amman and two in southern Jordan. A large corpus of 488 linguistic signs has been collected and coded according to three criteria: mall departments, exits and entrances, and language. The data was carefully and systematically ethnographically examined through repeatedly visiting the sites, and Jordanian mall shoppers were interviewed. The results indicate that it has become normal to use English as a valuable source of community translanguaging inside western Amman shopping malls. The less affluent malls in other areas display either impressionistic translanguaging or predominantly monolingual practices. It should be emphasised that there are also non-linguistic factors (e.g. demographics) that have a significant bearing on multilingual and monolingual landscaping.
Comparison of native and alien plant traits in Mediterranean coastal dunes

This study is part of a general project to analyse the biological and ecological mechanisms that influence the invasion of Mediterranean sand dune ecosystems by alien plants. In this paper we analyse the morphological and functional traits of coastal dune wild species (natives and aliens) based mainly on information from the literature. The most common 130 wild species occurring on the recent (Holocenic) coastal dunes were included considering the invasive status of alien plants. A comparative analysis of functional groups was performed through ordination techniques (PCoA using the Gower index). This reveals four functional groups related to the most important plant communities in coastal vegetation zonation. Alien plants were found in all functional groups and no trait or set of traits was specifically related to them. This indicates that aliens show similar traits to those natives growing in different communities of the coastal dune zonation, from the small beach annuals to the evergreen taller shrubs of the Mediterranean macchia. When the invasive status of alien species was taken into account, however, some differences emerged: a) casual aliens were found in almost all groups but their traits were not interpreted as being due to any particular adaptive strategy; b) naturalised aliens were only found in the less fluctuating habitats of the inner coastal zones; c) invasive alien species were connected with two major plant strategies: annual invasive aliens (quick-to-mature low grasses and herbs) and perennial invasive aliens (taller and often strongly clonal).
Pesticide use, health impairments and economic losses under rational farmers behavior

The present paper develops a novel methodology for measuring the economic losses resulting from the negative health impacts of pesticides while taking into account their role as a damage control agent. To this effect a production model is presented that takes into account both the effect of the health impairment caused by pesticides on labor units and the pest control and crop enhancing properties of pesticides.
Ready to Respond: Effects of Lockdown Drills and Training on School Emergency Preparedness

ABSTRACT Lockdown drills are a commonly practiced school emergency preparedness strategy, yet there is an alarming lack of empirical data to inform their use. In the current study, participants from a large, urban school district were surveyed at baseline, post-drill, and after receiving training on the newly implemented emergency response protocol and participating in a second drill, and the procedural integrity of the lockdowns was observed. Students and staff reported significantly increased perceptions of emergency preparedness following the training, although faculty reported these increases only for hazards not previously drilled. Classrooms increased by average of 27% in the correct implementation of lockdown procedures following the training (compared to the drill without training). Mastery was achieved for locking doors (89%), lights off (85%), and not responding to door knocks (91%), yet there was room for improvement in staying out of sight (71%). Additionally, continued participation in lockdown drills over the course of the study led to students, faculty, and staff expressing greater feelings of preparedness related to lockdowns, as well as other emergency scenarios (lockout, evacuation, shelter, and hold-in-place). Collectively, the findings of the present study highlight the importance of drills in fostering a culture of preparedness in schools.
Effect of irrigation, nitrogen and varieties on the productivity and grain malting quality in barley

A study was undertaken at the Directorate of Wheat Research experimental station, Karnal, India, to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (30, 60 and 90 kg/ha) and irrigation (one, two and three) on yield and grain quality traits of two and six row type malt barley genotypes. The mean grain yield significantly increased from 41.9 to 45.8 q/ha with increase in nitrogen dose from 30 to 90 kg/ha and 41.8 to 45.9 q/ha with increase in irrigations from one to three. The two and six row barleys had almost similar yield potential at higher nitrogen application and irrigation frequency but the six-row type had advantage at lower nitrogen and irrigation. Varietal effects were significant for all the traits, while N significantly affected only grain yield, spikes per unit area, 1000-grain weight and husk content. Irrigation effects were significant for bulk density, grain yield, spikes per unit area, and grains per spike. Traits like grain bulk density, proportion of bold and thin grains and husk content are mainly affected by variety and less affected by management practices.
A Plasmonic Nano-Biosensor Based on Two Consecutive Disk Resonators and Unidirectional Reflectionless Propagation Effect

In this paper, a metal-insulator-metal plasmonic biosensor based on two adjacent disk resonators and the unidirectional reflectionless propagation effect is proposed and investigated. The numerical results obtained from the finite difference time domain simulations are verified analytically by means of the coupled-mode theory. The resonant properties of the proposed structure including the full-width at half-maximum and quality factor are optimized by determining the suitable geometrical parameters. The presented biosensor is then utilized to detect some biomaterials such as ether, ethyleneglycol, chlorobenzene, and quinoline. It is shown that the proposed structure shows high sensitivity of ~1500nm/RIU, large figure of merit of 242.66RIU−1 and large quality factor of 242.8, compared to the previously reported optical biosensors. Moreover, the effect of the dielectric used in the waveguides is also inspected.
Influência do processamento da ração no desempenho e sobrevivência da tilápia do Nilo durante a reversão sexual

This work was carried out at Aquicultura Laboratory of Maringa State University, to evaluate the different processing form of diets on Nile tilapia fry performance and survive, during sexual revert phase. Was utilized 540 fry distributed, on completely randomized design with three treatments and six replications, in eighteen 54 L aquarium and one aquarium with 30 Nile tilapia fry was considered an experimental unit. The experimental period was 28 days with average temperatures of 21.9 ± 0.1oC in the morning and 22.7 ± 0.3oC in the afternoon. The diet was formulated (38.6% of digestible protein and 3800 kcal/kg digestible energy) differing only about processing form (crumble [MD], meal [ND] and pasty [PD]). No difference was observe to final weight and body condition, but to biomass production, the fry submitted of ND treatment was higher than MD and PD treatments, that were equal. To survive ND and PD were equal and higher than MD treatment. It was concluded that, with 0.5 mm of mealling degree, the meal diets was most adequate to Nile tilapia fry, during sex revert phase.
Adversarial learning for product recommendation

Product recommendation can be considered as a problem in data fusion—estimation of the joint distribution between individuals, their behaviors, and goods or services of interest. This work proposes a conditional, coupled generative adversarial network (RecommenderGAN) that learns to produce samples from a joint distribution between (view, buy) behaviors found in extremely sparse implicit feedback training data. User interaction is represented by two matrices having binary-valued elements. In each matrix, nonzero values indicate whether a user viewed or bought a specific item in a given product category, respectively. By encoding actions in this manner, the model is able to represent entire, large scale product catalogs. Conversion rate statistics computed on trained GAN output samples ranged from 1.323% to 1.763%. These statistics are found to be significant in comparison to null hypothesis testing results. The results are shown comparable to published conversion rates aggregated across many industries and product types. Our results are preliminary, however they suggest that the recommendations produced by the model may provide utility for consumers and digital retailers.
Privacy preservation with RTT-based detection for wireless mesh networks

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) upraised as superior technology offering all aspects of services as compared to conventional networks. Due to the absence of centralised authority, WMNs suffers from both external and internal attacks, which decrease the overall performance of WMNs. In this study, the authors proposed an efficient handoff authentication protocol with privacy preservation of nonce and transfer ticket against external attacks during handoff and proposed round trip time (RTT)-based detection protocol to resist against internal attacks in WMNs. For privacy preservation of nonce and transfer ticket, encryption of the nonce and transfer ticket during handoff authentication process was considered. For detection, the calculation of RTT and processing time to identify the malicious nodes forming wormhole link were considered. The proposed work prevents the AODV routing protocol against the wormhole attack in WMNs. The simulation of the proposed work was done using NS-3 simulator, and the experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method prevents WMNs from both external and internal attacks.
The Effects of Small-Firm Loan Guarantees in the UK: Insights for the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis

Loan guarantees are popular policy responses during the COVID-19 crisis. Despite their prevalence, evidence of their effectiveness is sparse. We estimate the impacts of UK guarantees during the Great Recession, by exploiting firm-size eligibility restrictions. Guarantees increased four-year performance, labour-productivity, and employment growth, but not investment. Results are driven by firms with high-training-costs employees. They are consistent with the guarantees enabling a small number of financially constrained firms to retain workers that helped rebuild the businesses post-crisis. The results suggest that COVID-19 responses based on guarantees alone can be regressive, because poorer workers are more likely to have low-training-costs jobs.