Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Major fatty acids composition of 32 almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) genotypes distributed in East and Southeast of Anatolia

Objective: In this study, the fatty acid compositions of 32 different almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) genotypes seeds that collected from South and South East Anatolia regions in Turkey were studied. Methods: For lipid extraction of almond genotypes Hara and Radin (1978) method were used. Fatty acids content were determined using gas chromatographic (GC) analysis. The datas were evalulated with SPSS 17.0 statistical program. Results: In the gas chromatographic analysis, palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2), and linolenic acid (18:3) were determined to be 5.34%, 0.70%, 0.85%, 74.46%, 17.89%, and 0.75% respectively. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) 6.19%, unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) 93.81% and a rate of USFA/SFA of 15.40, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) 75.16%, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 18.65% and a MUFA/PUFA ratio of 4.32 were found. In the correlation analysis, the highest correlation coefficient (r=-0.988) was detected between oleic acid and linoleic acid. Relationships among almond samples were partially identified with the cluster analysis. Conclusion: In this study, the variations were found between almond genotypes collected from different locations in terms of fatty acids compositions. Besides, the almond genotypes that have high quality unsaturates fatty acids such as high oleic acids and low linoleik acids content
Deletion of the Mitochondrial Matrix Protein CyclophilinD Prevents Parvalbumin Interneuron Dysfunctionand Cognitive Deficits in a Mouse Model of NMDA Hypofunction

Redox dysregulation and oxidative stress are final common pathways in the pathophysiology of a variety of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Oxidative stress causes dysfunction of GABAergic parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons (PVI), which are crucial for the coordination of neuronal synchrony during sensory and cognitive processing. Mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurons and they control synaptic activity through their roles in energy production and intracellular calcium homeostasis. We have previously shown that in male mice transient blockade of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) during development [subcutaneous injections of 30 mg/kg ketamine (KET) on postnatal days 7, 9, and 11] results in long-lasting alterations in synaptic transmission and reduced PV expression in the adult prefrontal cortex (PFC), contributing to a behavioral phenotype that mimics multiple symptoms associated with schizophrenia. These changes correlate with oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial function in both PVI and pyramidal cells. Here, we show that genetic deletion (Ppif−/−) of the mitochondrial matrix protein cyclophilin D (CypD) prevents perinatal KET-induced increases in ROS and the resulting deficits in PVI function, and changes in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the PFC. Deletion of CypD also prevented KET-induced behavioral deficits in cognitive flexibility, social interaction, and novel object recognition (NOR). Taken together, these data highlight how mitochondrial activity may play an integral role in modulating PVI-mediated cognitive processes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mitochondria are important modulators of oxidative stress and cell function, yet how mitochondrial dysfunction affects cell activity and synaptic transmission in psychiatric illnesses is not well understood. NMDA receptor (NMDAR) blockade with ketamine (KET) during development causes oxidative stress, dysfunction of parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons (PVI), and long-lasting physiological and behavioral changes. Here we show that mice deficient for the mitochondrial matrix protein cyclophilin D (CypD) show robust protection from PVI dysfunction following perinatal NMDAR blockade. Mitochondria serve as an essential node for a number of stress-induced signaling pathways and our experiments suggest that failure of mitochondrial redox regulation can contribute to PVI dysfunction.
Clinical and Histopathological Features and Potential Pathological Mechanisms of Skin Lesions in COVID-19: Review of the Literature

In recent weeks, several reports have emerged of skin lesions with different clinical presentations in COVID-19 cases. All dermatologists should be aware of these cutaneous lesions, which may be early clinical symptoms of infection. We reviewed the literature on cutaneous manifestations in the PubMed database from December 2019 and June 2020. From the cases described as case reports or series in 57 recent articles, it appears that skin lesions (i) are highly varied, (ii) may not be related to the severity of the condition and (iii) resolve spontaneously in a few days. The frequency of these lesions in COVID-19 patients varies between 1.8% and 20.4%. The major clinical forms described were maculopapular eruptions, acral areas of erythema with vesicles or pustules (pseudochilblain), urticarial lesions, other vesicular eruptions and livedo or necrosis. The lesions were mainly localized in the trunk and extremities. The majority of patients were male, aged between 4.5 and 89 years. A minority of the patients were children presenting with acral, chilblain-like lesions, papulo-vesicular eruptions or Kawasaki disease-like pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome. The mean duration of the lesions was a few days, but some lasting as little as 20 min and others as long as four weeks have been reported. The mean latency time in the majority of cases was between 1 and 14 days; however, in some patients, lesions appeared 2 to 5 days before the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. The histopathological features of these lesions also vary, corresponding to the diversity of clinical manifestations. These features underline the nature of epidermal and dermal vascular lesions—and in severe cases, microvascular injury and thrombosis—associated with COVID-19, and provide important clues to their pathological mechanisms.
A Comparative Study of Accumulation of Cadmium and Lead in the Tapeworm Postgangesia inarmata (De Chambrier; Alkallak and Mariaux, 2003) and some Tissues of the Catfish Silurus glanis in the Governorate of Nineveh, North Iraq

The present study included estimation of the accumulated concentration of cadmium and lead by using atomic absorption spectrometer, in the tissues of the cestode Postgangesia inarmata De Chambrier, AlKallak and Mariaux, 2003 and some organs of its final host, the catfish Silurus glanis, such as liver, kidneys, intestine, gills and muscles. The fishes were collected from Mosul dam in Ninevah governorate. The results showed a significant difference (0.05) in the accumulation concentration of cadmium and lead in the liver, kidneys, intestine, gills and muscles of the infected and uninfected fishes. The accumulation concentration of cadmium and lead in the cestode was 24.24 and 787.87 µg/g, respectively.
REGULATION OF SEED-GERMINATION TIMING BY MOIST CHILLING IN WESTERN HEMLOCK

SUMMARY Existence of a natural system is proposed, in which duration of winter chilling of seeds of western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. , regulates timing of germination in spring. Seeds from 12 populations (from Oregon and Washington, U.S.A.) were germinated in 12 combinations of three chilling durations and four germination temperatures. Embryo development rates, calculated as 100/ Y where Y = days to 50 % germination, increased directly with temperature, and the relation could be described by an empirical logistic equation. Chilling increased embryo developmental rates at all germination termperatures, altering coefficients in the equation and the shape of the resulting temperature-response curve. Each population. deviated slightly from the average curve for each chilling duration. Population deviations were described by a complex cline based on latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean of the parent tree. Results are discussed as being consistent with Levins' dormancy-strategy hypothesis.
The rate coefficient of repair of photosystem II after photoinactivation

During photosynthesis, photoinactivation and repair of photosystem II (PSII) occur simultaneously, resulting in a net loss of functional PSII under a given irradiance. This study determines the rate coefficients for the partial processes, allowing the calculation of the partial rates at any concentration of functional/non-functional PSII. The rate coefficient of photoinactivation was obtained from the onset of photoinactivation of PSII in leaf segments of Capsicum annuum L. in the absence of repair, and was in turn used to obtain the rate coefficient (k r ) of repair of PSII when repair was occurring. The value of k r was found to be near maximum at an irradiance as low as 29μmol photons m -2 s -1 and peaked at or somewhat above the growth irradiance; however, it declined on further increasing the irradiance, possibly due to oxidative stress. The value of k r was considerably decreased by elevating the CO 2 to about 1%, particularly at low irradiance, probably due to acidification of the stroma to a pH outside the range that is optimal for protein synthesis. The method of determining k r is convenient to apply, not relying on radiolabelling and pulse-chase experiments.
Distribution and biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at Greenland based on the analysis of historical tag recoveries

David G. Reddin1*, Lars Petter Hansen2, Vegar Bakkestuen2,3, Ian Russell4, Jonathan White5, E. C. E. (Ted) Potter4, J. Brian Dempson1, Timothy F. Sheehan6, Niall O Maoileidigh5, Gordon W. Smith7, Arni Isaksson8, Jan Arge Jacobsen9, Mark Fowler10, Kjell Arne Mork11, and Peter Amiro12 Fisheries and Oceans Canada, PO Box 5667, St John’s, NL, Canada A1C5X1 NINA, Gaustadalleen 21, Oslo N-0349, Norway Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0318, Norway Cefas, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK Fisheries Science Services, Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland NOAA Fisheries Service, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA Marine Scotland Science, Inchbraoch House, South Quay, Ferryden DD10 9SL Montrose, Angus, UK Directorate of Fisheries, Dalshraun 1, 220 Hafnarfjorður, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland Faroe Marine Research Institute, PO Box 3051, Noatun 1, FO-110 Torshavn, Faroe Islands Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS, Canada B2Y 4A2 Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, Bergen N-5024, Norway PO Box 925, Chester, NS, Canada B0J1J0 *Corresponding author: tel: +1 709 8952009; e-mail: reddindg@hotmail.com
Temporal Precedence of Physical Literacy and Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction: A Cross-Lagged Longitudinal Analysis of University Students

Purpose: Building on self-determination theory and extending research in the physical education context in terms of basic psychological needs satisfaction and physical literacy, this study examines the bidirectional effects of basic psychological needs satisfaction and physical literacy over time in a university physical literacy context. Method: Using a two-wave design, data were collected twice with an 18-week time lag from a sample of 549 university students. Utilizing full cross-lagged analyses, we examined the bidirectional effects between basic psychological needs satisfaction and physical literacy. Results: The results provide support for a positive relationship between physical literacy (Time 1) and basic psychological needs satisfaction (Time 2), but we cannot reject the possibility of a bidirectional relation, supporting our expectations. Conclusion: Overall, the study highlights the importance of a reciprocal relationship between physical literacy and basic psychological needs satisfaction.
Allowing for environmental effects in a management strategy evaluation for Japanese sardine

The Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) is a valuable, but highly variable, resource. After record catches during the late 1980s, a 4-year recruitment failure, coupled with overfishing, resulted in severe stock depletion. TAC-based management was introduced in 1997, but the trend has not been reversed and the biomass is now 2 orders of magnitude below the value in 1987. Although a strong correlation exists between winter sea surface temperature (SST) in the nursery area and recruitment, uncertainty about future environmental effects is not explicitly considered in the management. We evaluate the robustness of three catch rules to environmental uncertainty, as captured by three stock– recruitment models (one without an environmental factor and two based on correlations between recruitment and SST for two datasets), in terms of the risk of further depletion, average biomass, and average catch: a constant fishing mortality (CF), a strategy that follows the Japanese guidelines (JG), and a more conservative strategy (ENV) that uses a temperature threshold as a proxy for regime shifts to switch between alternative catch rules. ENV and JG performed better than CF, with ENV displaying better performance in the long term, but differences were negligible in the short term.
Macroscopic and Microscopic Studies on Moderator Bands in the Heart of Ostrich (Stuthio camelus)

2 Abstract: The wall of the ventricle bears septomarginal trabeculae (moderator band) which extend from the interventricular septum to the opposite wall. These are partly muscular and partly tendinous and vary in different subjects. For study of the moderator band, 12 hearts of the ostrich were collected and the right and left ventricles of each heart were opened. This study revealed that moderator bands found in both right and left ventricles in the ostrich heart in different location. Two types of these bands were encountered: fibrous and fibromuscular. The right ventricle presents one fibro-muscular moderator band about the base of ventricle and small multiple strands as network near the apical region of ventricle. In the left ventricle some present between trabeculae carneae and some extend from interventricular septum to parietal wall. For histological study, specimens of moderator bands from both ventricles were separated. Routine paraffin sectioning with special staining and transmission electron microscopy method were performed. Histological examination showed that fibro-muscular band is composed of cardiac muscle in different ratio, blood vessels, connective tissue and purkinje cells. A fibrous moderator band was like fibro-muscular, but lacks cardiac muscle. These bands are suggested to be radiation of the His bundle. Purkinje cell was pale oval cells which have little myofibrils, cellular organelles and glycogen. They had intercellular junction with each other.
Input of wind–dispersed seeds into light–gaps and forest sites in a Neotropical forest

ABSTRACT A total of 52,467 wind-dispersed seeds from 14 tree and 32 liana species fell into 1720 seed traps in 43 paired light-gap and adjacent forest sites on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Summed at the community level, many more wind-dispersed seeds were collected from light-gaps (61%) than from forest sites (39%). They accumulated from March through May, 1984 to a density of 328 m-2 in gaps and 207 m-2 in forest sites. In contrast, only 33% of the total of 2782 non-wind-dispersed seeds were collected in gaps. Due to the extreme heterogeneity of the seed rain, these differences between gap and forest sites were not statistically significant at the community-level. Gap sites received more wind-dispersed seeds than adjacent forest sites in only 20 of 43 locations and in 13 of 20 species, especially those with individuals of high fecundity near gap sites. Of the estimated 105 million wind-dispersed seeds contributing to the seed rain of the 50 ha study plot, only 4.1% were dispersed to the rare gap sites that enhance the establishment and growth of seedlings for many of these species.
Reduced‐dose craniospinal irradiation for central nervous system relapsed neuroblastoma

In patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma, there is an increased recognition of relapse in the central nervous system (CNS). Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) has been an effective treatment but carries significant long‐term complications. It is unclear whether reducing the CSI dose from 21 to 18 Gy can achieve similar CNS tumor control.
Vestigialization and Loss of Nonfunctional Characters

Reduction and total loss of characters are common evolutionary phenomena. Vestigial ization of any morphological, physiological, or behavioral feature can be expected upon relaxation of selection on the trait. Direct selection of vestigialization is rarely documented. Most explanations of evolutionary reductions invoke indirect selection through energy economy or antagonistic pleiotropy arguments, while some invoke the effects of accumulation of neutral mutations. A few documented cases of trade-offs between fitness and wing reduction or pesticide resistance in some insects, and between fitness and resistance to phages or antibiotics in bacteria suggest that indirect selection is a plausible mechanism for evolutionary reductions. Expression of presumably useless genes suggests that neutral mutation arguments require a longer time than is available for the observed reductions. Rapid decay of useless behaviors may require explanations in terms of trade-offs among neural pathways for information processing.
In silico pace-mapping: prediction of left vs. right outflow tract origin in idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias with patient-specific electrophysiological simulations.

AIMS A pre-operative non-invasive identification of the site of origin (SOO) of outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias (OTVAs) is important to properly plan radiofrequency ablation procedures. Although some algorithms based on electrocardiograms (ECGs) have been developed to predict left vs. right ventricular origins, their accuracy is still limited, especially in complex anatomies. The aim of this work is to use patient-specific electrophysiological simulations of the heart to predict the SOO in OTVA patients. METHODS AND RESULTS An in silico pace-mapping procedure was designed and used on 11 heart geometries, generating for each case simulated ECGs from 12 clinically plausible SOO. Subsequently, the simulated ECGs were compared with patient ECG data obtained during the clinical tachycardia using the 12-lead correlation coefficient (12-lead ρ). Left ventricle (LV) vs. right ventricle (RV) SOO was estimated by computing the LV/RV ratio for each patient, obtained by dividing the average 12-lead ρ value of the LV- and RV-SOO simulated ECGs, respectively. Simulated ECGs that had virtual sites close to the ablation points that stopped the arrhythmia presented higher correlation coefficients. The LV/RV ratio correctly predicted LV vs. RV SOO in 10/11 cases; 1.07 vs. 0.93 P < 0.05 for 12-lead ρ. CONCLUSION The obtained results demonstrate the potential of the developed in silico pace-mapping technique to complement standard ECG for the pre-operative planning of complex ventricular arrhythmias.
Produção e composição química em cultivares e linhagens de aveia (Avena spp)

Production and chemical composition in oat cultivars and lineages (Avena spp). The objective of this work has been the evaluation of total dry matter production (TDMP), crude protein content (CP), crude protein production (CPP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and leaf and stem percentages of different oat cultivar and lineages Avena spp (Poaceae): FAPA, ER 93210/2, ER 93247/2, UPF 77S436, ALFA 94155, ALFA 94206, UPF 77S456, ER 90418212, ER 9314-1, IA 96101-3, UPF 93AL209-1, UPF 92298, SI83400, UTFP 9704, UTFP 9706, IAPAR 61, EMBRAPA 29, UPF 93AL203/3. In the first cut, cultivar UTFP 9706 was outstanding in the production of TDMP and CPP. Yield produced 408 kg CP/ha. In the second cut, there was no difference between cultivars and lineages. In the second cut, the CP content was highest in IA 96101-3, UPF 93AL209-1 and IAPAR 61, while NDF was highest in UTFP 9704 e UTFP 9706. Leaf blade percentages was higher in the first cutting; ER90418212 was outstanding, with 88% leaf blade. In the second cut, the ER93247/2 yielded 71% leaf blade, but with low total dry matter.
Using Full Models, Stepwise Regression and Model Selection in Ecological Data Sets: Monte Carlo Simulations

Most ecological studies with multiple independent variables use null hypothesis testing with full or stepwise models, or AICc-based model selection, but these approaches have not yet been compared using simulated data with known effect sizes. We compared these using ecologically relevant sample sizes, effect sizes, predictor numbers, collinearity and different degrees of explorative setups. Sample size and collinearity governed parameter identification success and parameter estimation accuracy, while the effect of the statistical modeling approach was comparatively smaller. Stepwise regression increased false detection rate compared with full models in settings where this error rate was overall low, but generally reduced the high detection failure rate in small samples. When reintroducing removed predictors to the final model, stepwise regression often improved the accuracy of point estimates relative to full models. The performance of AICc model selection and model averaging depended on the exact method, and did not differ overall from null hypothesis testing approaches.
Seasonal abundance and vertical distribution of siphonophores in western Norwegian fjords

Seasonal abundance of siphonophores in Korsfjord and Fanafjord was studied by net sampling. Nanomia cara, Lensia conoidea and Dimophyes arctica were dominant species present throughout the year. Abundance of N. cara colonies peaked in late May and early June. Low numbers of relatively large colonies and high numbers of siphonulae were observed during winter. Dimophyes arctica and L. conoidea had a generation shift in March, when large over-wintering and small young polygastric colonies co-existed briefly before the former disappeared. Abundances were lowest during winter, and eudoxids were consistently more numerous than polygastric colonies for both species. Maximum abundances of polygastric D. arctica and L. conoidea occurred in early May and late June, respectively. Lensia conoidea may have more than one annual generation in Korsfjord. Vertical distributions of siphonophores were studied with an remotely operated vehicle in nine fjords. The distributions of agalmatid physonects, probably mostly N. cara, differed significantly between the fjords, with the weighted mean depths of the distributions ranging from 99 to 412 m. Results from Sognefjord suggested diel vertical migration. The bulk of the adult colonies in each fjord occurred below sill depth. Siphonophores were not observed at localities known to host persistent populations of Periphylla periphylla.