Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A prospective study of tea drinking temperature and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Previous studies have reported an association between hot tea drinking and risk of esophageal cancer, but no study has examined this association using prospectively and objectively measured tea drinking temperature. We examined the association of tea drinking temperature, measured both objectively and subjectively at study baseline, with future risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a prospective study. We measured tea drinking temperature using validated methods and collected data on several other tea drinking habits and potential confounders of interest at baseline in the Golestan Cohort Study, a population‐based prospective study of 50,045 individuals aged 40–75 years, established in 2004–2008 in northeastern Iran. Study participants were followed‐up for a median duration of 10.1 years (505,865 person‐years). During 2004–2017, 317 new cases of ESCC were identified. The objectively measured tea temperature (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.10–1.81; for ≥60°C vs. <60°C), reported preference for very hot tea drinking (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.27–4.56; for “very hot” vs. “cold/lukewarm”), and reported shorter time from pouring tea to drinking (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.01–2.26; for <2 vs. ≥6 min) were all associated with ESCC risk. In analysis of the combined effects of measured temperature and amount, compared to those who drank less than 700 ml of tea/day at <60°C, drinking 700 mL/day or more at a higher‐temperature (≥60°C) was consistently associated with an about 90% increase in ESCC risk. Our results substantially strengthen the existing evidence supporting an association between hot beverage drinking and ESCC.
New Mixed-Mode Design Methodology for High-Efficiency Outphasing Chireix Amplifiers

A new design methodology providing optimal mixed-mode operation for dual-input class-F outphasing Chireix amplifiers is presented. The design starts with single-transistor class-F simulations at the intrinsic <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V$ </tex-math></inline-formula> reference planes to directly select the optimal peak and backoff resistive loads <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\mathrm{min}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\mathrm{max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and input RF gate drives yielding the best combination of efficiencies and output powers without needing to perform a load pull simulation or measurement. New analytic equations expressed only in terms of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\mathrm{min}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\mathrm{max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are given for designing the Chireix combiner at the current source reference planes. Nonlinear embedding is then used to predict the incident power and multi-harmonic source and load impedances required at the package reference planes to physically implement the power amplifier (PA). An analytic formula solely expressed in terms of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\mathrm{min}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\mathrm{max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is reported for the peak and backoff outphasing angles required at the PA input reference planes. A Chireix outphasing PA is designed using two 15-W GaN HEMTs. A Chireix outphasing PA exhibits a peak efficiency of 72.58% with peak power of 43.97 dBm and a 8-dB backoff efficiency of 75.22% at 1.9 GHz. Measurements with 10-MHz LTE signals with 9.6-dB PAPR yield 59.4% average drain efficiency at 1.9 GHz while satisfying the 3GPP linearity requirements.
Advances in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Using MicroRNA

After the first microRNA MicroRNA-let4 was found by Lee in 1993 in his study of the development of nematodes, microRNAs have been receiving increasing focus worldwide. MicroRNAs were a group of single-chain RNAs consisting of 18-25 bases, which are capable of combining with the 3’- UTR (untranslated regions) of the mRNA transcribed from the original gene, so as to control the expression of the target gene by inhibiting the translation of its mRNA(s). Accumulative evidence has manifested that microRNAs were closely correlated with the initiation and development of carcinomas. The expression of microRNAs could vary a lot across different stages in the development of cancerous cells with corresponding roles in each stage, including promoting the propagation, accelerating metastasis, and both functions combined. In this respect, we might intervene in the advances of carcinomas and even cure cancers by regulating the expressions of relevant microRNAs. The aberrant expression of microRNAs of cancerous cells give rise to potential targeted diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Moreover, further study of microRNAs might provide novel approaches for combating cancer without affecting normal cells in the molecular level. Herein, we reviewed the functions, mechanisms, and therapeutic utilities of microRNAs in the progression of colorectal cancer cells.
Arterial occlusive events in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with ponatinib in the real‐life practice are predicted by the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) chart

Arterial occlusive events (AOEs) represent emerging complications in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients treated with ponatinib. We identified 85 consecutive CML adult patients who were treated with ponatinib in 17 Italian centers. Patients were stratified according to the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) assessment, based on sex, age, smoking habits, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels.
PRR5, 7 and 9 positively modulate TOR signaling-mediated root cell proliferation by repressing TANDEM ZINC FINGER 1 in Arabidopsis

Abstract Circadian clock coordinates numerous plant growth and developmental processes including cell elongation in the hypocotyl, whether or not it modulates cell proliferation is largely unknown. Here we have found that Pseudo Response Regulators (PRRs), essential components of circadian core oscillators, affect root meristem cell proliferation mediated by Target Of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling. The null mutants of PRRs display much reduced sensitivities to sugar-activated TOR signaling. We have subsequently identified Tandem Zinc Finger 1, encoding a processing body localized RNA-binding protein, as a direct target repressed by PRRs in mediating TOR signaling. Multiple lines of biochemical and genetic evidence have demonstrated that TZF1 acts downstream of PRRs to attenuate TOR signaling. Furthermore, TZF1 could directly bind TOR mRNA via its tandem zinc finger motif to affect TOR mRNA stability. Our findings support a notion that PRR-TZF1-TOR molecular axis modulates root meristem cell proliferation by integrating both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms.
Solitary days, solitary activities and associations with wellbeing among older adults.

OBJECTIVES Drawing on activity theory of aging, we examined whether solitary activities may be associated with negative wellbeing, as they may reflect social isolation. Using American Time Use Surveys, with information on 'with whom' individuals engaged in activities over a 24-hour period, we created measures capturing solitary days and solitary activities to understand their prevalence and associations with wellbeing. METHOD At the daily level, we examined associations between solitary days and proportion of the day in solitary activities with life satisfaction. At the activity level, we examined associations between engaging in an activity alone versus with others and emotional state during the activity. RESULTS Solitary days and higher proportion of the day spent in solitary activities were associated with lower life satisfaction. These associations were attenuated controlling for individual covariates. Engagement in activities alone was associated with lower levels of happiness and higher levels of sadness and pain during the activity, and association with happiness remained even adjusting for covariates. DISCUSSION A sizable proportion of older adults reported solitary days, and proportion of the day spent in solitary activities increases by age. Examining lived experiences of older adults and presence of others during activities could contribute to research on social isolation.
Surprises in High-Dimensional Ridgeless Least Squares Interpolation

Interpolators-estimators that achieve zero training error-have attracted growing attention in machine learning, mainly because state-of-the art neural networks appear to be models of this type. In this paper, we study minimum ℓ 2 norm ("ridgeless") interpolation least squares regression, focusing on the high-dimensional regime in which the number of unknown parameters p is of the same order as the number of samples n. We consider two different models for the feature distribution: a linear model, where the feature vectors x i ∈ ℝ p are obtained by applying a linear transform to a vector of i.i. d. entries, x i = Σ1/2 z i (with z i ∈ ℝ p ); and a nonlinear model, where the feature vectors are obtained by passing the input through a random one-layer neural network, xi = φ(Wz i ) (with z i ∈ ℝ d , W ∈ ℝ p × d a matrix of i.i.d. entries, and φ an activation function acting componentwise on Wz i ). We recover-in a precise quantitative way-several phenomena that have been observed in large-scale neural networks and kernel machines, including the "double descent" behavior of the prediction risk, and the potential benefits of overparametrization.
Multisite analysis of high‐grade serous epithelial ovarian cancers identifies genomic regions of focal and recurrent copy number alteration in 3q26.2 and 8q24.3

High‐grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer (HGS‐EOC) is a systemic disease, with marked intra and interpatient tumor heterogeneity. The issue of spatial and temporal heterogeneity has long been overlooked, hampering the possibility to identify those genomic alterations that persist, before and after therapy, in the genome of all tumor cells across the different anatomical districts. This knowledge is the first step to clarify those molecular determinants that characterize the tumor biology of HGS‐EOC and their route toward malignancy. In our study, ‐omics data were generated from 79 snap frozen matched tumor biopsies, withdrawn before and after chemotherapy from 24 HGS‐EOC patients, gathered together from independent cohorts. The landscape of somatic copy number alterations depicts a more homogenous and stable genomic portrait than the single nucleotide variant profile. Genomic identification of significant targets in cancer analysis identified two focal and minimal common regions (FMCRs) of amplification in the cytoband 3q26.2 (region α, 193 kb long) and 8q24.3 (region β, 495 kb long). Analysis in two external databases confirmed regions α and β are features of HGS‐EOC. The MECOM gene is located in region α, and 15 genes are in region β. No functional data are yet available for the genes in the β region. In conclusion, we have identified for the first time two FMCRs of amplification in HGS‐EOC, opening up a potential biological role in its etiopathogenesis.
Hydrogen peroxide as a mediator of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced Na+ retention in roots for improving salt tolerance of strawberries.

To explore the mechanisms of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-improved plant salt tolerance, strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. 'Benihoppe') were treated with 10 mg l-1 ALA under 100 mmol l-1 NaCl stress. We found that the amount of Na+ increased in the roots but decreased in the leaves. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) observations showed that ALA-induced roots had more Na+ accumulation than NaCl alone. Measurement of the xylem sap revealed that ALA repressed Na+ concentrations to a large extent. The electron microprobe X-ray assay also confirmed ALA-induced Na+ retention in roots. qRT-PCR showed that ALA upregulated the gene expressions of SOS1 (encoding a plasma membrane Na+ /H+ antiporter), NHX1 (encoding a vacuolar Na+ /H+ antiporter) and HKT1 (encoding a protein of high-affinity K+ uptake), which are associated with Na+ exclusion in the roots, Na+ sequestration in vacuoles and Na+ unloading from the xylem vessels to the parenchyma cells, respectively. Furthermore, we found that ALA treatment reduced the H2 O2 content in the leaves but increased it in the roots. The exogenous H2 O2 promoted plant growth, increased root Na+ retention and stimulated the gene expressions of NHX1, SOS1 and HKT1. Diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of H2 O2 generation, suppressed the effects of ALA or H2 O2 on Na+ retention, gene expressions and salt tolerance. Therefore, we propose that ALA induces H2 O2 accumulation in roots, which mediates Na+ transporter gene expression and more Na+ retention in roots, thereby improving plant salt tolerance.
A Model Combining Convolutional Neural Network and LightGBM Algorithm for Ultra-Short-Term Wind Power Forecasting

The volatility and uncertainty of wind power often affect the quality of electric energy, the security of the power grid, the stability of the power system, and the fluctuation of the power market. In this case, the research on wind power forecasting is of great significance for ensuring the better development of wind power grids and the higher quality of electric energy. Therefore, a lot of new forecasting methods have been put forward. In this paper, a new forecasting model based on a convolution neural network and LightGBM is constructed. The procedure is shown as follows. First, we construct new feature sets by analyzing the characteristics of the raw data on the time series from the wind field and adjacent wind field. Second, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to extract information from input data, and the network parameters are adjusted by comparing the actual results. Third, in consideration of the limitations of the single-convolution model in predicting wind power, we innovatively integrated the LightGBM classification algorithm at the model to improve the forecasting accuracy and robustness. Finally, compared with the existing support vector machines, LightGBM, and CNN, the fusion model has better performance in accuracy and efficiency.
Data Augmentation for X-Ray Prohibited Item Images Using Generative Adversarial Networks

Recognizing prohibited items automatically is of great significance for intelligent X-ray baggage security screening. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), with the support of big training data, have been verified as the powerful models capable of reliably detecting the expected objects in images. Therefore, building a specific CNN model working reliably on prohibited item detection also requires large amounts of labeled item image data. Unfortunately, the current X-ray baggage image database is not big enough in count and diversity for CNN model training. In this paper, we propose a novel method for X-ray prohibited item data augmentation using generative adversarial networks (GANs). The prohibited items are first extracted from X-ray baggage images using a K-nearest neighbor matting scheme. Then, the poses of the obtained item images are estimated using a space rectangular coordinate system and categorized into four or eight classes for constructing a training database. For generating the realistic samples reliably, different GAN models are evaluated using Frechet Inception Distance scores, and some important tips of handling GAN training in X-ray prohibited item image generation are reported. Finally, to verify whether the generated images belong to its corresponding class or not, a cross-validation scheme based on a CNN model is implemented. The experimental results show that most of the generated images can be classified correctly by the CNN model. This implies that the generated prohibited item images can be used as the extended samples to augment an X-ray image database.
Efficient Reward-Based Structural Plasticity on a SpiNNaker 2 Prototype

Advances in neuroscience uncover the mechanisms employed by the brain to efficiently solve complex learning tasks with very limited resources. However, the efficiency is often lost when one tries to port these findings to a silicon substrate, since brain-inspired algorithms often make extensive use of complex functions, such as random number generators, that are expensive to compute on standard general purpose hardware. The prototype chip of the second generation SpiNNaker system is designed to overcome this problem. Low-power advanced RISC machine (ARM) processors equipped with a random number generator and an exponential function accelerator enable the efficient execution of brain-inspired algorithms. We implement the recently introduced reward-based synaptic sampling model that employs structural plasticity to learn a function or task. The numerical simulation of the model requires to update the synapse variables in each time step including an explorative random term. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most complex synapse model implemented so far on the SpiNNaker system. By making efficient use of the hardware accelerators and numerical optimizations, the computation time of one plasticity update is reduced by a factor of 2. This, combined with fitting the model into to the local static random access memory (SRAM), leads to 62% energy reduction compared to the case without accelerators and the use of external dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The model implementation is integrated into the SpiNNaker software framework allowing for scalability onto larger systems. The hardware–software system presented in this paper paves the way for power-efficient mobile and biomedical applications with biologically plausible brain-inspired algorithms.
An Ultralow Turn-Off Loss SOI-LIGBT With a High-Voltage p-i-n Diode Integrated on Field Oxide

A novel ultralow turn-off loss silicon-on-insulator-lateral insulated-gate bipolar transistor (LIGBT) is proposed and investigated by numerical simulations. The proposed LIGBT features a high-voltage p-i-n diode integrated on the field oxide that is located upon the surface of the drift region. The p-i-n diode serves as a high-voltage level shifter, and the gate signal of the LIGBT can be transmitted to the anode side of the LIGBT to control a low-voltage circuit which is used to short the p-anode/n-buffer junction when the device is turning off. Thus, the injection of the holes from the p-anode region into the n-drift region is prevented, and the turn-off speed of the proposed LIGBT is significantly improved in comparison with the conventional one. The numerical simulation results reveal that the turn-off loss of the proposed 352-V LIGBT is 43.1% of the conventional LIGBT at VON = 1.38 V.
Heuristic Real-Time Detection of Temporal Gait Events for Lower Limb Amputees

This paper presents a complete system and algorithm to estimate temporal gait events during stance and inner-stance phases using a single inertial measurement unit (IMU) in real-time. Validation of the proposed system was carried out by placing the foot-switches (FSW) directly underneath the foot. The performance of the system was assessed with eleven control subjects (CS), one unilateral transfemoral amputee (TFA), and one unilateral transtibial amputee (TTA), while performing level ground walk and ramp activities. The experimental results showed reasonable agreement in timing differences of all the gait events in both groups when compared against the reference system. However, high data latency was observed for TFA in the case of Foot-Flat Start (FFS) and Heel-Off (HO). The slight variation in the positioning of IMU on the shank and the foot-switches underneath the foot and the difference in the kinematics of CS and lower limb amputees are probable reasons for large variations in the time difference. Overall, the detection accuracy was found to be 100% for Initial Contact, FFS, and Toe-Off, and 98.3% for HO. In addition, a high correlation was observed between estimated stance phase duration (SPD) from IMU and the SPD from FSW data. The proposed system showed high accuracy in the detection of temporal gait events which could potentially be employed in the gait analysis applications and the finite-state control of lower limb prostheses/orthoses.
Enhanced Stability in Zr-Doped ZnO TFTs With Minor Influence on Mobility by Atomic Layer Deposition

We developed a novel method to fabricate Zr-doped ZnO (ZrZnO) thin films via low-temperature atomic layer deposition technique. ZrZnO films were deposited by diethylzinc (DEZ)/tetrakiszirconium (TDMAZr)/H<sub>2</sub>O cycles instead of the traditional DEZ/H<sub>2</sub>O/TDMAZr/H<sub>2</sub>O cycles and applied in thin-film transistors (TFTs). It is found that ZrZnO-TFTs with a Zn-Zr-O:ZnO atomic ratio of 1:49, i.e., ZrZnO (1:49) exhibit excellent properties, such as a minimum subthreshold swing value of 0.37 V/dec, a maximum <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}/{I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.4\times 10^{{7}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, a largermobility of 12.38 cm<sup>2</sup>/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text {V}\cdot \text {s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and a smaller threshold voltage shift (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta {V}_{\text {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 0.61 V under temperature stress from 25 °C to 105 °C, which are superior compared with TFTs with ZnO channel doped by ZrO<sub>2</sub> layer. The stability of ZnO TFTs was improved greatly by Zr-Zn-O doping. Moreover, the field-effect mobility of ZrZnO-TFTs was rarely influenced. Temperature-stress test was carried out to build up the correlation model in terms of the defect structures, subgap states, and stability. These results could provide a newaccess to understand the device instability of ZrZnO TFTs.
ISFETs: theory, modeling and chip for characterization

The ISFET (Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor) is a structure based on the MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) which is capable of measuring ionic concentration of a solution. The ISFET has been used for such areas as DNA sequencing, viruses and bacteria detection. The basic idea behind the ISFETs emerged in 1970, but a deeper understanding of some of its non-idealities and the development of architectures to reduce their effects are still needed. For that reason, this work revisits the basic principles of ISFET operation. The ISFET modeling using the binding site theory, Gouy-Chapman-Stern model and the Advanced Compact Model of the transistor is introduced and implemented in Matlab®. Furthermore, the details of a chip designed on the Virtuoso® platform, aimed at characterizing the ISFETs on the SilTerra D18V technology, are presented. Simulation results estimate an average sensitivity of 45.3 mV/pH for the designed devices over a pH range from 1 to 10. The chip sent for fabrication was kindly supported by Chipus Microeletrônica S.A. and SilTerra Malaysia Sdn Bhd.