Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutrition knowledge, attitude and practice of teachers in rehabilitation centres in northern Malaysia.

INTRODUCTION Persons with disabilities (PWD) are susceptible to malnutrition. Caregivers or teachers in rehabilitation centres may not be adequately trained in nutrition management of PWD. The aims of this study were (i) to assess the nutrition knowledge, attitude and practice among teachers in community-based rehabilitation centres for PWD; and (ii) to evaluate changes in the nutrition knowledge and attitude of the teachers before and after exposure to a training workshop on nutrition management for PWD. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a guided self-administered Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire on Persons with Disabilities (KAP-nOKU), among a convenience sample of 210 teachers. Forty-five of them further participated in a nutrition training workshop and completed the post-test evaluation on knowledge and attitude of the same measures. RESULTS At baseline, the teachers' average knowledge, attitude and practice scores were 13.80 +/- 3.73 for knowledge (below 50th percentile); 51.49 +/- 4.08 for attitude (above 75th percentile); and 48.08 +/- 3.61 for practice (between 50th and 75th percentile). There was significant positive correlations between knowledge and attitude (r=0.343, p<0.05), as well as between attitude and practice (r=0.147, p<0.05). After exposure to a 3-day nutrition workshop, significant improvements in the teachers' knowledge and attitude were observed, whereby teachers' knowledge score increased from 14.20 +/- 3.80 to 25.38 +/- 2.36 and from 51.16 +/- 3.97 to 55.20 +/- 4.41 for attitude (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Nutrition intervention was associated with improvement in short term knowledge and attitude of the teachers. Sustainable interventional strategies are needed to enhance the nutrition knowledge and skills of teachers of PWD.
REVERSIBLE ~NTERACTIONS AMONG TlYE FIVE NATIVE COMPONENTS IN FREE SOLUTION*

Previous work suggested that these components enter into close steric contact with each other when bound to the surface of a cell under attack by complement (1). Whereas binding of C5 required enzymatic activation, binding of C6, C7, C8, and C9 did not, and probably proceeded by adsorption. These findings suggested that the five proteins of the membrane attack mechanism might exhibit, in their native form, stereochemical aff, nity for each other.
Transformational leadership, perceived union support, and union citizenship behaviors: A social exchange and social identity perspective

The objective of this dissertation is to empirically assess the relationship between transformational leadership and union citizenship behaviors from a social exchange and social identity perspective. The relationship was studied through a covenantal relationship perspective. Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Paine, and Bachrach (2000) suggested that there were conceptual similarities and differences in the relationships between transformational leadership, perceived organizational support, trust, intrinsic satisfaction, and commitment in an organizational citizenship behavior framework. This dissertation has developed and tested a model that provides a framework to describe the mechanism by which transformational leadership behaviors effect union citizenship behaviors through perceived union support, felt obligation, trust in the union, union-based self-esteem, and union commitment. The mechanism by which transformational leadership behaviors relate to citizenship behaviors is complex (Podsakoff et al., 2000) and the factors that can affect citizenship behaviors are many (Van Dyne, Graham, & Dienesch, 1994). Due to the complex and emergent nature of this study, a two-step approach was used to evaluate the proposed hypotheses and framework. First, hypotheses were formulated and empirically tested using mediated regression analysis (Baron & Kenny, 1986). All the proposed
Simulation of Environmental Effects of Multi-Pollutants from the Electric Power Industry

In order to quantitatively analyze the relationship between multi-pollutant control in the electric power industry and regional complex air pollution,and to assess environmental quality under different control scenarios,sulfur deposition,nitrogen deposition and PM2.5 pollution in 2008(baseline year),2015 and 2020,was simulated using the CMAQ model.The results show that total sulfur deposition,which was 678.87×104 tons in 2008,will be reduced to 602.02×104 and 578.26×104 tons in 2015 and 2020,representing declines of 11.32% and 14.82% respectively.0. 2-0.3 tons of reduction in sulfur deposition could be achieved with every ton reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions.The total nitrogen deposition(including Taiwan),which was 1064.67×104 tons in 2008,will be reduced to 1042.02×104 and 1037.06×104 tons in 2015 and 2020 respectively.The reduction rates(2.13% and 2.59%,respectively) will be much lower than those of sulfur deposition.However,the area where nitrogen deposition exceeds 5 g/m2 will be shrunk by 17.12% and 22.01% in 2015 and 2020,respectively.The area where PM2.5 mass concentration exceeds the national ambient air quality standard(35 μg/m3) will be 2.8914 million km2 in 2015 and 2.8668 million km2 in 2020,representing reductions of 3.29% and 4.12%,as compared with 2.9899 million km2 in 2008.The area where PM2.5 mass concentrations exceed 70 μg/m3 will be reduced by 9.31% and 12.41% compared with 2008.
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND EMISSIONS: TESTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE HYPOTHESIS FOR ECOWAS COUNTRIES

The objective of this paper is to establish whether the estimated relationship between environmental degradation and per capita income corroborates the inverted U-shape hypothesis as exemplified by the Environmental Kuznets curves (EKCs) in selected ECOWAS countries. Considering two variants of emissions-sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and using panel fixed and random effects estimation techniques, the study indicates the existence of EKCs for the two variants of environmental quality. Experimentation with augmented quadratic equations, however, does not in some cases produce consistent results for SO2; while cubic polynomial forms suggest N-shaped EKCs for CO2.The turning points estimated for the two indicators of environmental quality are relatively low, which suggests a demonstration of the low level of development in the sub-region that may be related to high incidence of poverty. The major drivers of SO2 in the sub-region are fuel processing and fuel combustion led by Nigeria. For CO2 emissions, it is driven by rapid population growth that is equally induced by Nigeria. The polity variable which interacted significantly with the income variable to create the inverted-U shape EKC signals the importance of public institutions in the enhancement of environmental quality. Although ECOWAS countries may have benefited from early learning effects and environmental awareness, the implication is that policymakers must be proactive to sustain the current trend as the region enters the phase of industrialization and may not necessarily wait for a long time to improve environmental conditions as is the case with developed countries. This can be accomplished by using environmental tax instruments such as fuel tax which has been advised to be progressive for some African countries. By way of recommendation, a functional population policy should be implemented particularly in Nigeria.
Constraints in job performance of agriculture extension assistant

The present study was conducted in Latur district to study the job performance and job satisfaction of Agriculture Extension Assistant who are important functionaries positioned in the interface of grass root workers and the higher managerial cadres. The important position of this crucial change agent in the extension approach makes it necessary to understand him/her all dimensions. The ex-post-facto research design was adopted for this study.The major constraints faced by the respondents of Latur district were reported that unnecessary political involvement (25.00%), delay in getting important letters (23.33%), vacant posts and less manpower in Department creating overburden on working staffs (20.83%) followed by delay in receiving minikits and other inputs (20.83%), unexpected job assignments (15.83%) this are the constraints faced by the AEA according to research survey.
TRENDS OF SUICIDAL DEATHS AMONG FEMALE IN THE VISAKHAPATNAM AREA

Incidence of suicidal deaths in the Visakhapatnam City and its suburbs is comparatively high. More males succumbed to suicide than females, the most common age group being 21-30 years. The usual methods for committing suicide were Agricultural Pesticides, Hanging, Flames and Drowning in that order. The minimum age of suicide in females was 10 years girl who committed suicide by burns and maximum age was 80 years Health related problems were the most common cause of suicide contributing to as many as 27% of the total cases.
Intention to Online Transaction: Empirical Study on Go-Med Applications

This research aims to identify the effect of trust in moderating the intention of online transactions using the GoMed application. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with 240 samples according to the sample adequacy requirements in the Structural Equation Model (SEM) test. The results of this study indicate that trust moderates the intention of online transactions using the Go-Med application. The intention to online transactions using the Go-Med application in the large trust group is not affected by risk perception, whereas in the low trust group. Service quality affects the intention of online transactions using the Go-Med application in high and low trust groups. Service quality affects the intention of online transactions using the Go-Med application in high and low trust groups. Chi-square values The effect of service quality in high and low trust groups is different because of the different chi-square test.
THE BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF LOW-FREQUENCY PHONONS

It is pointed out that the process of association between biomoleeules is accompanicd with an excitation of low-frequency phonons. This is just a reflection of the flexibility and the interior movement which are characteristic of biomolecules. We, furthermore, taking insulin-insulin receptor interaction and insulin-insulin antibody interaction as examples through estimating the entropy of low-frequency phonons created, could satisfactorily interpret the experimental results which so far have not yet been accounted for. It is noteworthy that the energy of a low-frequency phonon estimated in this article is right in the same order of magnitude with the average value of enthalpy measured for the conformational change of a residue in some biomolecules. This means that the low-frequency phonons probably possess such functions as lead to the conformational change and transmit the biological information.
Mini-review: Heat treatments for the control of citrus postharvest green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum

The most important postharvest heat treatments that have been tested against P. digitatum on fresh citrus fruits are curing, hot water dips (HWD), and hot water rinsing and brushing (HWRB). Typical citrus curing employs exposure of fruit for 23 days to an air atmosphere heated to temperatures higher than 30°C at relative humidity higher than 90%. HWD are generally applied as relatively brief immersions (1-5 min) in water heated to 40-55 °C. HWRB consists basically in packingline machinery that treats the fruit by the application of hot water over rotating brushes at a relatively high temperature (55-65 °C) for a short time (10-60 s). Efficacy results, general performance, modes of action, limitations, advantages and disadvantages, and commercial feasibility of these heat treatments are discussed.
Intercritical austenite formation in the coarse grain heat affected zone of X80 line pipe steels

The intercritically reheated coarse grain heat affected zone (ICCGHAZ) is a region of low impact toughness in multi-pass welded steel structures such as pipelines. Its microstructure consists of a bainite matrix (the coarse grain heat affected zone, CGHAZ) and martensiteaustenite (M/A) constituents. The former is a result of full austenitization in the first weld pass, and the latter of intercritical annealing in the subsequent weld pass. Size and fraction of M/A constituents are the major factors affecting the impact toughness. Therefore, analyzing the formation of intercritical austenite in the CGHAZ during welding is crucial to select steel chemistries and welding parameters for safe pipeline construction and operation. In this work, a two-pass heat treatment cycles adapted from gas-metal arc welding (GMAW) processes was employed to produce representative bulk ICCGHAZ samples in two X80-grade line pipe steels in a Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator. Various heating rates (50–500 °C/s) were studied for austenite formation kinetics and used to produce ICCGHAZ samples. ICCGHAZ microstructures were analyzed by a new protocol for processing and segmentation of optical micrographs. It was found that fraction of intercritical austenite formed as a function of temperature is insensitive to heating rate, while the resulting microstructure depends strongly on heating rate. To further characterize the formation process of intercritical austenite, a 2D phase-field model (PFM) was created in the commercial software MICRESS® using the multi-phase field formulation coupled with carbon diffusion, interface properties and Thermo-Calc. The initial microstructure was simplified from the bainitic CGHAZ microstructure and nucleation of austenite was simulated using empirical parameters to replicate experimental particle densities and ensure quasi-random particle distribution. An effective mobility for ferriteaustenite interfaces was introduced to implicitly incorporate the effect of diffusion and solute drag by substitutional atoms such as Mn and Nb. Simulated transformation kinetics and microstructures agreed well with experimental observations by tuning the effective mobility and nucleation parameters.
Effects of Ball-milling Treatment on Physico-chemical Properties of Silver Carp Bone Powder

Effects of ball-milling treatment on particle size distribution, specific surface area, calcium extraction rate and soluble protein content of sliver carp bone powder were studied. Results showed that the particle size increases followed by a decrease with ball-milling time prolonging. The average particle size (Dav) and median particle size (D50) of sliver carp bone powder are minimum by ball-milling treatment for 30 h, 9.33 μm and 7.05 μm, respectively. Particle size increases by more than 30 h ball- milling treatment due to second aggregation. Specific surface area, calcium extraction rate and soluble protein content decrease followed by an increase with ball-milling time prolonging. Maximum value of specific surface area, calcium extraction rate and soluble protein content could be obtained 30 h ball-milling treatment, as 94314 m2/m3, 13.96 % and 42.70 mg/g, respectively. The values decrease slightly when ball-milling time was more than 30 h.
Optimization of gelatin extraction from grass carp (Catenopharyngodon idella)skin

Response surface methodology(RSM)was adopted in this study for establishing the optimum gelatin extraction conditions from grass carp skin. The effects of HCl concentration(%, A), pretreatment time(h, B), extraction temperature(℃, C)and extraction time(h, D)were studied. A=1.19%, B =24 h, C=52.61 ℃ and D=5.12 h were determined as the optimum conditions, while the predicted responses were 19.83% yield and 267 g gel strength. Gelling and melting points were 19.5 ℃ and 26.8 ℃, respectively. Moreover, grass carp showed high contents of amino acids(Proline and Hydroxyproline)19.47%. RSM provided a powerful tool for optimizing the extraction parameters, hence the results may be adapted for industrial extraction of gelatin from grass carp skins.
The secrets of economic success and the causes of failure : the case of Imperial Rome

The subject of this thesis is the economy of the Roman Empire from the beginning of the first through to the end of the third century AD. The approach taken is partly quantitative and draws on detailed quantitative research undertaken by scholars across a wide area. I concentrate the analysis on those few numbers which are likely to have the richest explanatory power and I consider the relationships between those numbers. The numbers analysed include the average amount of grain produced on a hectare of land, the size of the urban population, the average life expectancy and the silver content of the coinage. The approach also considers the institutions of imperial Rome, to the extent that they are relevant to economic achievement. I consider the structure of the economy of the Roman Empire in terms of the separation of town and country, the agglomeration of individuals in the towns and the connections between those towns. I map out the development of the economy over time with a discussion of the creation and destruction of its currency. I compare the performance of the economy of the Roman Empire with that of other economies by considering rural and urban productivity, trading activity, the infrastructure that supported trade and the knowledge base used in the production of goods and services. The question that this thesis addresses is the following: How well did the economy of imperial Rome perform in terms of the quantity and quality of goods and services produced relative to the technology available and in comparison, with medieval and later economies and which institutions contributed to or hindered economic achievement? I believe that the achievements of the Roman Empire in this period provide important lessons as to what is possible in economies generally and where some of the risks to economic success lie.
Effect of fluorine on triiodothyronine and thyroxin in mice

Objective:To investigate the influence of fluorine on the thyroid gland in mice.Methods:Eighty mice were randomly divided into control group and three experiment groups.The mice in control group,experiment groups with lower dose of fluorine and higher dose of fluorine group were injected physiological saline,NaF solution at 20 mg/L and 200 mg/L via peritoneal cavities,respectively.The mice in group with higher dose of fluorine mixed with selenium were injected solution containing NaF at 200 mg/L and Na2SeO3 at 100 mg/L via peritoneal cavities.After ten days(short-term) and thirty days(long-term),the serum levels of T3 and T4 in the mice were measured.Results:The serum levels of T3 and T4 had no obvious difference between the group with a low dose of fluorine and control group(P0.05). The levels of T3 and T4 increased significantly in the group with high dose of fluorine and the level of T4 was much higher than that in the control group(P0.05). The levels of T3 and T4 had no significant differece between the group with higher dose of fluorine mixed with selenium and the control group,and the level was decreased compared with that of higher dose of fluorine group.Under long-term influence,the levels of T3 and T4 had no obvious difference between lower dose group and control group(P0.05). Compared with control group,the level of T4 of higher dose group was higher(P0.05),while the level of T3 was lower,but the difference was not obvious(P0.05). The levels of T3 and T4 had no obvious difference between the group with higher dose of fluorine mixed with selenium and control group(P0.05)Conclusions:Fluorine at a high dose might interfere the secretive function of thyroid gland in mice.It enhances the secretion of thyroid gland in short-term,but inhibits the secretive function in long-term.The changes of the secretive function of thyroid gland are correlative with the dose of fluorin and the time length of test.By supplying selenium,the secretive function of thyroid gland trends to come back to normal state from the disorder aroused by high dose of fluorin.
Chemical constituents from Canavalia gladiata

Objective To study the chemical constituents from Canavalia gladiata.Methods The compounds were isolated by chromatography on silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 column and identified on the basis of physico-chemical constants and spectral analysis.Results Six compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as gallic acid(1),methyl gallate(2),1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),β-sitosterol(4),lupeol(5),δ-tocopherol(6). Conclusions Compounds 16 are obtained from this plant for the first time.
In Vitro Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of Isolated Compounds from Pistacia Integerrima

Free radicals are responsible for many diseases including liver disorder. Preliminary investigations on P. integerrima had revealed presence of phenolics and flavonoids. The compounds isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of Pistacia integerrima were subjected to determination of antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical activity, reducing power assay, scavenging of hydroxyl radicals etc.
Dry matter accumulation and nitrogen migration of high-yielding spring maize for different nitrogen efficiency in the flowering and milking stages

Dry matter accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency in four genotypes of high-yielding spring maize under traditional nitrogen(FTN) and high-yielding nitrogen(HYN) treatments were studied in this experiment. The experimental varieties are Xianyu 335(XY335),Zhengdan 958(ZD958),Neidan 314(ND314) and Sidan19(SD19) and the dry matter and nitrogen use were examined in the flowering and milking stages. The results showed that yield of XY335 and ZD958 were significantly higher than those of ND314 and SD19 under two nitrogen levels.In traditional nitrogen treatment,the yield of ZD958,XY335,ND314 and SD19 were 13512,13381,12260 and11932 kg / ha,with the order of ZD958,XY335 ND314,SD19. In high-yielding nitrogen treatment,the yield of XY335,ZD958,ND314,SD19 were 16364,15895,13916 and 12717 kg / ha,with the order of XY335,ZD958 ND314 SD19. In traditional nitrogen treatment,the yield differences between low nitrogen efficiency and high nitrogen efficiency genotypes mainly due to different dry matter transfer in vegetative organs before silking stage,while the difference of grain nitrogen accumulation mainly comes from the nitrogen synthesis amounts after silking stage. In high yield nitrogen treatment,yield of different nitrogen efficient varieties come from the dry mattertransfer in vegetative organs before flowering and dry matter synthesis amount after silking stage. Grain nitrogen accumulation of different nitrogen efficient varieties come from the nitrogen transfer in vegetative organs and the nitrogen synthesis after silking stage. Nitrogen efficient varieties in traditional nitrogen and high-yield nitrogen levels can improve yield and nitrogen content of grain. Nitrogen use efficiency was enhanced in high-yield nitrogen levels,and dry matter and nitrogen uptake and transfer increased during the flowering and milking stages.
A state-selected study of the ion–molecule reactions O+(4S,2D,2P)+N2

Absolute state-selected cross sections for the reactions O+(4S,2D,2P)+N2→N2++O, NO++N, and N++NO (and/or N++N+O) have been measured in the center-of-mass collision energy (Ec.m.) range of 0.06–40 eV employing the differential retarding potential method and the O+(2D) and O+(2P) ion state-selection schemes we developed recently. Charge transfer is the overwhelming product channel for the O+(2D)+N2 and O+(2P)+N2 reactions. Contrary to the results of previous experiments, the charge transfer cross sections for O+(2P)+N2 are found to be 30%–100% greater than those for O+(2D)+N2. This observation suggests that N2 is an excellent quenching gas for O+(2D,2P). While the Ec.m. dependencies for the cross sections of NO+ from O+(4S)+N2 and O+(2D)+N2 are similar, exhibiting a broad maximum in the Ec.m. range of 1.5–8 eV, the cross section for NO+ from O+(2P)+N2 is found to decrease as Ec.m. is decreased. The N+ signal observed in the O+(4S)+N2 reaction is attributed to the formation of N++N+O. The pathway of O++N2→N+.