Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamical Models of Line-driven Accretion Disk Winds

We present here one-dimensional analytic hydrodynamic models and both one-dimensional and two-dimensional numerical hydrodynamic models for line-driven accretion disk winds from cataclysmic variable (CV) systems. Using the one-dimensional analytic models we explore the physical conditions necessary for the existence of a disk wind and study the dependence of wind speed and mass-loss rate on radius. The results of our two-dimensional model are consistent with the spectrum observed from CVs in the polar nature of the wind, the maximum absorption at roughly half the terminal speed of the P Cygni profiles, and the order of magnitude of the terminal speeds. For disk luminosity Ldisk = L☉, white dwarf mass Mwd = 0.6 M☉, disk radius Rdisk = R☉, and sound speed a = 10 km s-1 we obtain a wind mass-loss rate of Ṁwind=2 × 10−14 M yr-1 and a terminal velocity of ~3000 km s-1. The two-dimensional models show that centrifugal forces produce shocks in the disk wind. If these shocks were absent, the mass-loss rates obtained would be too low to produce the optical depths required to explain the P Cygni profile of CVs. The two-dimensional models demonstrate the importance of centrifugal forces in winds from accretion disks and thus the necessity of models where these forces may be represented.
On knot invariants which are not of finite type

We observe that most known results of the form "v is not a finite-type invariant" follow from two basic theorems. Among those invariants which are not of finite type, we discuss examples which are "ft-independent" and examples which are not. We introduce (n,q)-finite invariants, which are generalizations of finite-type invariants based on Fox's (n,q) congruence classes of knots.
Two new species of Centroptilum Eaton, 1869 from North Africa (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)

﻿Abstract Based on recently collected larvae from Algeria and Morocco, the species delimitation within the genus Centroptilum Eaton, 1869 in that region is validated. Two new species are described and illustrated, one from north-eastern Algeria, and one from North Morocco, using an integrated approach with morphological and molecular evidence. A table summarising the morphological differences between the new species and Centroptilumluteolum (Müller, 1776) from Central Europe is provided. Further, molecular evidence for additional undescribed species of Centroptilum in other regions of the West Palearctic is provided and discussed.
Spectral conditions of complement for some graphical properties

L.H. Feng at el \cite{feng4} present sufficient conditions based on spectral radius for a graph with large minimum degree to be $s$-path-coverable and $s$-Hamiltonian. Motivated by this study, in this paper, we give the sufficient conditions for a graph with large minimum degree to be $s$-connected, $s$-edge-connected, $\beta$-deficient, $s$-path-coverable, $s$-Hamiltonian and $s$-edge-Hamiltonian in terms of spectral radius of its complement.
Hole-transport limited S-shaped I-V curves in planar heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells

Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of planar heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells based on N′,N′-Di-[(1-naphthyl)-N′,N′-diphenyl]-1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPB) and C60 are investigated. Through variation of the layer thickness and composition, specifically chemical doping NPB with MoOx, we show that the hole-transport limitation in the NPB layer is the determining factor in shaping the I-V characteristics of NPB/C60 cells.
Chirality of wavefunctions for three coalescing levels

The analytic structure in the vicinity of three coalescing eigenvalues (EP3) of a matrix problem is investigated. It is argued that the three eigenfunctions—also coalescing at the EP3—invoke a true chiral behaviour in the vicinity of the EP3 and that they can be related to a three-dimensional helix. The orientation of the helix depends on the distribution of the widths of the three levels in the vicinity of the EP3.
Applications of the KKM Property to Coincidence Theorems, Equilibrium Problems, Minimax Inequalities and Variational Relation Problems

ABSTRACT In this paper, we establish coincidence-like results in the case when the values of the correspondences are not convex. To do this, we define new type of correspondences, namely, properly quasi-convex-like correspondences. Further, we apply the obtained theorems to solve equilibrium problems and to establish a minimax inequality. In the last part of the paper, we study the existence of solutions for generalized vector variational relation problems. Our analysis is based on the applications of the KKM principle. We establish existence theorems involving new hypothesis and we improve the results of some recent papers.
Non-commutative Chern numbers for generic aperiodic discrete systems

The search for strong topological phases in generic aperiodic materials and meta-materials is now vigorously pursued by the condensed matter physics community. In this work, we first introduce the concept of patterned resonators as a unifying theoretical framework for topological electronic, photonic, phononic etc (aperiodic) systems. We then discuss, in physical terms, the philosophy behind an operator theoretic analysis used to systematize such systems. A model calculation of the Hall conductance of a 2-dimensional amorphous lattice is given, where we present numerical evidence of its quantization in the mobility gap regime. Motivated by such facts, we then present the main result of our work, which is the extension of the Chern number formulas to Hamiltonians associated to lattices without a canonical labeling of the sites, together with index theorems that assure the quantization and stability of these Chern numbers in the mobility gap regime. Our results cover a broad range of applications, in particular, those involving quasi-crystalline, amorphous as well as synthetic (i.e. algorithmically generated) lattices.
Determination of volatile compound profiles and physico-chemical analysis of linden and acacia Czech honey

Abstract In this study 12 acacia and 12 linden honey samples from the Czech Republic were analyzed with a chemometric and volatile compound profiles approach. The results of electrical conductivity (17.4 and 65.1 mS/m), free acidity (12.5 and 24.5 meq/kg), diastase activity (12.6 and 18.8 DN), colour (21.5 and 47.8 mm Pfund), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (11.5 and 3.5 mg/kg), fructose (45.1 and 36.3 g/100g), fructose + glucose (F + G) (76.7 and 69.3 g/100g) content and fructose/glucose ratio (1.4 and 1.1) showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between acacia and linden honey, respectively. The physico-chemical properties and pollen profiles were in compliance with the description of European monofloral honey, except for acacia honey due to the low proportion of acacia pollen (2.8 − 10.3%). According to volatile compounds analysis by head-space solid phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography − mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS), nine key volatile substances were selected from more than 100 volatile compounds present in the analysed samples for evaluation as markers of botanical origin typical of the most common plant nectar sources in the Czech Republic. Further, the non-targeted analysis combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed trends and outliers within all chromatography data obtained for 24 honey samples. Cis-linalool oxide and β-linalool have been confirmed as markers of acacia honey, while carvacrol and p-cymenene were found almost exclusively in linden honey. The results demonstrated that the chemometrics with the non-targeted and targeted volatile compounds analysis approach is reliable and accurate for the classification of honey of various botanical origins.
Ensemble Technique Coupled with Deep Transfer Learning Framework for Automatic Detection of Tuberculosis from Chest X-ray Radiographs

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease affecting humans’ lungs and is currently ranked the 13th leading cause of death globally. Due to advancements in technology and the availability of medical datasets, automatic analysis and classification of chest X-rays (CXRs) into TB and non-TB can be a reliable alternative for early TB screening. We propose an automatic TB detection system using advanced deep learning (DL) models. A substantial part of a CXR image is dark, with no relevant information for diagnosis and potentially confusing DL models. In this work, the U-Net model extracts the region of interest from CXRs and the segmented images are fed to the DL models for feature extraction. Eight different convolutional neural networks (CNN) models are employed in our experiments, and their classification performance is compared based on three publicly available CXR datasets. The U-Net model achieves segmentation accuracy of 98.58%, intersection over union (IoU) of 93.10, and a Dice coefficient score of 96.50. Our proposed stacked ensemble algorithm performed better by achieving accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values of 98.38%, 98.89%, and 98.70%, respectively. Experimental results confirm that segmented lung CXR images with ensemble learning produce a better result than un-segmented lung CXR images.
The Benefits of Registered Trademark for MSME Actors in Surakarta City: A Case Study of IPR Protection

This research aims to examine and analyze the benefits obtained by MSME actors in Surakarta after registering their trademarks. This research uses the empirical research method. The primary data were collected using direct interviews. The data obtained in this research were then analyzed qualitatively to analyze problems and answer study purposes. The results show that the IPR has provided legal certainty and protection for the Owner. Apart from getting legal protection, the rights Owner of the trademark also gets material and immaterial benefits. In this case, the rights Owner of the Mal Mel trademark feels the immaterial benefits. Furthermore, the rights Owner of the Mal Mel trademark prefers to give a direct warning if she finds a social media account plagiarizing his trademark rather than through positive legal procedures. At the same time, the rights Owner of the Mal Mel trademark does not think of making a profit by earning and receiving compensation from plagiarists. Therefore, it is recommended for every business actor, especially those with large and developing scales, to register their trademarks. In addition, MSME actors can also register the trademark to DGIP using the collective system. On the other hand, it is also recommended for the Government increase public understanding and trust in solving problems through positive legal procedures, even though the crime of IPR plagiarism is included in the category of constituted complaint delict.
Magnetically dominated jets inside collapsing stars as a model for gamma-ray bursts and supernova explosions

It has been suggested that magnetic fields play a dynamically important role in core-collapse explosions of massive stars. In particular, they may be important in the collapsar scenario for gamma-ray bursts (GRB), where the central engine is a hyperaccreting black hole or a millisecond magnetar. The present paper is focused on the magnetar scenario, with a specific emphasis on the interaction of the magnetar magnetosphere with the infalling stellar envelope. First, the “pulsar-in-a-cavity” problem is introduced as a paradigm for a magnetar inside a collapsing star. The basic setup of this fundamental plasma-physics problem is described, outlining its main features, and simple estimates are derived for the evolution of the magnetic field. In the context of a collapsing star, it is proposed that, at first, the ram pressure of the infalling plasma acts to confine the magnetosphere, enabling a gradual buildup of the magnetic pressure. At some point, the growing magnetic pressure overtakes the (decreasing) ram.
Hot-Melt Extrusion Enhances Antioxidant Effects of Mulberry on Probiotics and Pathogenic Microorganisms

Mulberry is a rich source of anthocyanins (ACNs) known to possess biological activities. However, these ACNs are unstable in high pH, heat, and aqueous environments with a low bioavailability. In this study, a colloidal dispersion was prepared by hot melt extrusion with proper excipients. In this process, a hydrophilic polymer matrix was used to confirm the stability of the compound in high pH, high temperature, and aqueous media. It was confirmed that the particle size and the polydispersity index value were reduced, thereby improving the solubility. In vitro release studies revealed that the extrudate had a sustained release compared to a non-extruded product. As a result of measuring changes of intestinal microorganisms (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus), contents of probiotics were found to be increased whereas contents of pathogenic microorganisms were decreased. Thus, hot-melt extrusion could enhance the stability of ACN with prolonged release. The processed formulation exhibited probiotic properties and antimicrobial activities against pathogenic intestinal microflora.
Alfvén Wave-Driven Supernova Explosion

We investigate the role of Alfvén waves in a core-collapse supernova (SN) explosion. We assume that Alfvén waves are generated by convections inside a proto-neutron star (PNS) and emitted from its surface. These waves then propagate outward, dissipate via nonlinear processes, and heat up matter around a stalled prompt shock. To quantitatively assess the importance of this process for the revival of the stalled shock, we perform one-dimensional time-dependent hydrodynamical simulations, taking into account the heating via the dissipation of Alfvén waves that propagate radially outward along open flux tubes. We show that shock revival occurs if the surface field strength is larger than ~2 × 1015 G and if the amplitude of the velocity fluctuation at the PNS surface is larger than ~20% of the local sound speed. Interestingly, the Alfvén wave mechanism is self-regulating in the sense that the explosion energy is not very sensitive to the surface field strength or initial amplitude of Alfvén waves, as long as they are larger than the threshold values given above.
A Contrastive Study on Lexical Bundles in Argumentative Writing by L1-Chinese and L1-English Undergraduates

This study compares the use of lexical bundles in argumentative essays written by L1-Chinese students and L1-English students through a corpus-based approach. The data consist of two corpora: a L1-Chinese corpus with 506 English argumentative essays produced by Chinese undergraduates in disciplines related to science and engineering and a L1-English corpus with 207 argumentative essays written by L1-English undergraduates. The identified lexical bundles were analyzed both structurally and functionally. The findings suggest that L1-Chinese students used significantly more types and tokens of lexical bundle structures than L1-English students, and also employed all the three functional categories of bundles more frequently than L1-English students. In addition, L1-Chinese students’ writing was marked by a higher preference for clause-based bundles, which features the academic writing of lower-proficiency writers, and a wide use of conversational bundles (e.g. a lot of people), which implies their lack of awareness of academic register. The pedagogical implications are then provided regarding lexical bundles for ESL teachers.
Redox Balance Differentially Affects Biomechanics in Permeabilized Single Muscle Fibres—Active and Passive Force Assessments with the Myorobot

An oxidizing redox state imposes unique effects on the contractile properties of muscle. Permeabilized fibres show reduced active force generation in the presence of H2O2. However, our knowledge about the muscle fibre’s elasticity or flexibility is limited due to shortcomings in assessing the passive stress–strain properties, mostly due to technically limited experimental setups. The MyoRobot is an automated biomechatronics platform that is well-capable of not only investigating calcium responsiveness of active contraction but also features precise stretch actuation to examine the passive stress–strain behaviour. Both were carried out in a consecutive recording sequence on the same fibre for 10 single fibres in total. We denote a significantly diminished maximum calcium-saturated force for fibres exposed to ≥500 µM H2O2, with no marked alteration of the pCa50 value. In contrast to active contraction (e.g., maximum isometric force activation), passive restoration stress (force per area) significantly increases for fibres exposed to an oxidizing environment, as they showed a non-linear stress–strain relationship. Our data support the idea that a highly oxidizing environment promotes non-linear fibre stiffening and confirms that our MyoRobot platform is a suitable tool for investigating redox-related changes in muscle biomechanics.
Direct identification of optimal nonlinear parity models

Parity relations are rearranged forms of the direct input-output model equations. In the presence of faults, they return nonzero residuals. With an appropriate transformation, these residuals may be "structured" to facilitate fault isolation. We describe an alternative to algebraic transformation to obtain such residual. First the Boolean structure of the residual-set is determined, then the models underlying each of the residual-structures are determined by direct system identification. This technique may be applied to nonlinear models of any complexity. As an extension of this approach, the models for all possible residual structures are first determined and then the optimal residual set is selected in a structurally constrained local optimization procedure. The technique is demonstrated on a two-input four-output polynomial nonlinear system.
Walk algebras, distinguished subexpressions, and point counting in Kac-Moody flag varieties

We study walk algebras and Hecke algebras for Kac-Moody root systems. Each choice of orientation for the set of real roots gives rise to a corresponding "oriented" basis for each of these algebras. We show that the notion of distinguished subexpression naturally arises when studying the transition matrix between oriented bases. We then relate these notions to the geometry of Kac-Moody flag varieties and Bott-Samelson varieties. In particular, we show that the number of points over a finite field in certain intersections of these varieties is given by change of basis coefficients between oriented bases of the Hecke algebra. Using these results we give streamlined derivations of Deodhar's formula for $R$-polynomials and point-counting formulas for specializations of nonsymmetric Macdonald polynomials $E_\lambda(\mathsf{q},t)$ at $\mathsf{q}=0,\infty$.
Cosmic-ray propagation in simulations of cross-helical plasma turbulence

Turbulence is a ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical plasmas. Most of these systems exhibit a property called cross helicity, a non-zero correlation between velocity fluctuations and magnetic-field fluctuations. In the presence of a magnetic mean-field, such as in the solar wind or in the interstellar medium, cross helicity is equivalent to an imbalance between Alfven waves co- and counter-propagating with respect to the mean-field direction. Although this imbalance can have a dramatic influence on the heating and scattering rate of charged particles which propagate through the plasma, it is often neglected in computational studies of turbulent particle transport. In an effort to remedy this situation, we present numerical simulations of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in which we can control the energy and the cross helicity of the system, without injecting kinetic or magnetic helicity as an unwanted side effect. Varying the strength of a magnetic guide-field allows us to determine the degree of anisotropy that the system assumes as a steady-state configuration. Detailed analysis proves that these simulations conform to theoretical models of realistic turbulence. The diffusion of cosmic-ray particles in turbulent plasmas is often calculated using quasilinear theory and a simplified description of the electromagnetic-field spectra. By computing the trajectories of test-particles in dynamically evolving turbulence simulations with non-zero cross helicity, we study whether such quasilinear predictions of the heating rate of charged particles are valid under realistic conditions. Theory and numerical results agree well for particles propagating at the Alfven velocity, unless resistive effects play a dominant role. Furthermore, strongly anisotropic field configurations are used to compare quasilinear pitch-angle diffusion coefficients with measurements of test-particle scattering after one gyroperiod. In particular, we focus on the scaling of the scattering rate with cross helicity. We observe excellent agreement in simulations of both balanced and imbalanced turbulence and explain the role of the magnetic moment, an approximate invariant of charged-particle motion, for pitch-angle scattering on timescales of several gyroperiods.