Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Keeping it local: geographic patterns of university attendance

The university attendance habits of Australians, in a geographic sense, are different from those in the United States, the United Kingdom and many other western countries. Australian university students are less likely to move between major cities to study. This paper finds that in addition to this, within a large metropolitan area, university campuses attract a substantial share of the university-attending population who completed their schooling nearby. Essentially, Australian university students like to 'keep it local'. The findings discussed here also illustrate that the location of academically accessible university campuses in outer suburban areas can help to improve opportunities for university entrance. This paper highlights the need for universities to develop networks with schools in their local areas in order to ensure that course provision is tailored to the needs of local communities and also to educate local students about the opportunities that a university education can provide.
Feminisation of agriculture as an effect of male out-migration: unexpected outcomes from Jhapa District, Eastern Nepal

In Nepal, male out-migration is an important factor to contribute to GDP through regular remittances. This paper looks at the effects of male out-migration on the women left behind in relation to labour participation and decision-making in agriculture. The literature speaks of feminisation of agriculture as a positive development for women’s empowerment. A distinction is made between labour feminisation and managerial feminisation. As the two concepts indeed refer to two different roles, power positions and managerial practices, the paper separately explores these practices and actors involved. Data were collected for a doctoral study in Jhapa District, Eastern Nepal; a lowland area from where much male out-migration is taking place. The study shows a higher level of feminisation in a situation where de-facto autonomous female heads-of-household are decision makers and less in case of women who stay within the patrilineal household of their parents-in-law. Moreover, feminisation in the first case has the unexpected outcome that women seem to be moving away from agriculture. An interdisciplinary approach using anthropological in-depth interviews and demographic survey data shows that a concept like feminisation of agriculture needs to be considered and understood in the wider social and cultural context of an expanding rural space
[Optimisation of nutritional screening tool CIPA: are two parameters of protein really necessary?]

INTRODUCTION the preliminary nutritional screening tool CIPA (food intake, proteins, anthropometry) is positive when it fulfills one of the following: control food intake (CI) 48-72 h < 50%, albumin < 3 g/dl, total protein < 5 g/dl, body mass index (BMI) < 18,5 kg/m2 or mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) ≤ 22,5 cm. The use of two protein parameters increases costs and difficulty; one of them can be suppressed without affecting validity. OBJECTIVES to evaluate the effectiveness of screening CIPA after exclusion of total protein. METHOD prospective study of hospitalized patients; prevalence or risk of malnutrition was evaluated through CIPA and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Hospital malnutrition according to complete CIPA screening (with total proteins and albumin, [CIPAc] and without total proteins [CIPAw/p]) and concordance between both methods were analyzed, as well as the association of the positive screening result with clinical outcomes. RESULTS three hundred and forty-three patients were analyzed. The prevalence or risk of malnutrition identified by complete CIPA (c) was 38.19% (33.02-43.36); by CIPA without protein (w/p), 37.32% (32.17-42.46); and SGA was 29.15% (24.32-33.99). Kappa index: 0.981 between both CIPAs, p < 0.001. Both CIPA and SGA detect patients with higher mortality in hospital and one month after discharge. Early readmission was higher in positive CIPA, statistical significantly in CIPAw/p (screening with positive results 21.88% vs screening with negative results 13.49%, p = 0.044), SGA 20.01% vs 15.23%, p = 0.28. Length of stay was higher in patients with positive screening in CIPAc, CIPAw/p and SGA. CONCLUSIONS CIPAw/p is equally or more effective than the previously validated full CIPA; therefore, it could replace the latter saving costs. The prevalence of malnutrition is high in both variants and they are able to predict which patient has worse clinical prognosis.
Lithogenesis and Geotectonics: The Significance of Compositional Variation in Flysch Arenites (Graywackes)

Flysch arenites graywackes vary greatly in their framework mineralogy and volatiles free chemistry Three distinct groups are recognized on the basis of abundance 1 quartz poor graywackes 15 quartz average 58 SiO K OjNa O 1 2 quartz intermediate graywackes 15 quartz average 68 74 SiO K OjNa O 1 and 3 quartz rich graywackes 65 quartz average 89 SiO K OjNa O 1 Mineralogical data from modern deep sea sands which are regarded as the contemporary analogues of flysch arenites together with data from sands of rivers that debouch into the deep sea provide the basis for an actualistic hypothesis to explain the compositional variation of ancient graywackes in terms of their geo tectonic settings This hypothesis is supported by chemical comparisons Quartz poor graywackes are indicative of magmatic island arcs Their average chemical composition ap proximates the average composition of these arcs and that of tholeiitic andesite Quartz intermediate gray wackes are indicators of Andean type continental margins and approximate the upper levels of continental crust in composition Quartz rich graywackes indicate Atlantic type continental margins Chemically they are related to the sand fraction of continental platform cover
The Rss And The Bjp: A Division Of Labour

The rashtriya swayamsewak sangh through its political arm the Bharatiya Janata party is now at the centre of Indian politics and poses a grave danger to Indian democracy and secularism. A G Noorani looks closely at the sangh parivar, the Ayodhya dispute, Hindutva, and at other issues.
Prehistoric exploitation of marine recources in Southern Africa with particular reference to shellfish gathering: opportunities and continuities

Este articulo se centra en la discusion de tres casos de estudio en los cuales los recursos marinos desempenaron un rol importante en el desarrollo humano del sur de Africa desde hace 164 ka. La capacidad de los humanos modernos de emigrar fuera de Africa se ve, en parte, como una expansion en la capacidad de forrajeo inicialmente expresada en el litoral rocoso para incluir mas tarde las costas de playas de arena. La seleccion de un habitat cercano a la costa, donde se congregaban grupos diversos dentro de un marco de bajas densidades poblacionales inmediatamente despues de la ultima glaciacion, permitio que esos grupos pudieran cumplir con sus necesidades sociales basicas y asi asegurar la supervivencia de la poblacion. Del mismo modo, durante el Holoceno observamos un consumo significativamente alto de recursos marinos como consecuencia del considerable incremento demografico de los grupos humanos. Otros temas relacionados y un poco mas generales son igualmente discutidos.
A comparison of different ways of dealing with isostasy: examples from modelling the Antarctic ice sheet during the last glacial cycle

The bedrock isostatic response exerts a strong control on ice-sheet dynamics and is therefore always taken into account in ice-sheet models. This paper reviews the various methods normally used in the ice-sheet modelling community to deal with the bedrock response and compares these with a more sophisticated full-Earth model. Each of these bedrock treatments, five in total, is coupled with a three-dimensional thermomechanical ice-sheet model under the same forcing conditions to simulate the Antarctic ice sheet during the last glacial cycle. The outputs of the simulations are compared on the basis of the time-dependent behaviour for the total ice volume and the mean bedrock elevation during the cycle and of the present rate of uplift over Antarctica. This comparison confirms the necessity of accounting for the elastic bending of the lithosphere in order to yield realistic bedrock patterns. It furthermore demonstrates the deficiencies inherent to the diffusion equation in modelling the complex deformation within the mantle. Nevertheless, when characteristic parameters are varied within their range of uncertainty, differences within one single method are often of the same order as those between the various methods. This overview finally attempts to point out the main advantages and drawbacks of each of these methods and to determine which one is most appropriate depending on the specific modelling requirements.
Computational identification of human mitochondrial proteins based on homology to yeast mitochondrially targeted proteins

MOTIVATION Patients with defects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain due to mutations in nuclear genes are often undiagnosable due to the lack of information about the role of these genes. We therefore sought to produce a novel dataset of human nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. RESULTS We have used the web-based computer program Mitoprot to predict which proteins in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome are targeted to mitochondria. We then used this protein dataset to identify the homologous human proteins in the Unigene database using TBLASTN from NCBI. Human proteins with an Expectation value <10(-5) and an Identity >30% were accepted as true homologues of the yeast proteins. These human proteins were then reanalyzed with Mitoprot. The final set of proteins comprises a dataset of 361 human mitochondrially targeted proteins with homology to all S.cerevisiae mitochondrially targeted proteins. One hundred twenty eight of these proteins are novel and are of unknown function. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary tables will be available from http://www.sickkids. ca/Robinsonlab/
Dust radiative forcing in snow of the Upper Colorado River Basin: 2. Interannual variability in radiative forcing and snowmelt rates

Here we present the radiative and snowmelt impacts of dust deposition to snow cover using a 6‐year energy balance record (2005–2010) at alpine and subalpine micrometeorological towers in the Senator Beck Basin Study Area (SBBSA) in southwestern Colorado, USA. These results follow from the measurements described in part I. We simulate the evolution of snow water equivalent at each station under scenarios of observed and dust‐free conditions, and +2°C and +4°C melt‐season temperature perturbations to these scenarios. Over the 6 years of record, daily mean dust radiative forcing ranged from 0 to 214 W m−2, with hourly peaks up to 409 W m−2. Mean springtime dust radiative forcings across the period ranged from 31 to 49 W m−2 at the alpine site and 45 to 75 W m−2 at the subalpine site, in turn shortening snow cover duration by 21 to 51 days. The dust‐advanced loss of snow cover (days) is linearly related to total dust concentration at the end of snow cover, despite temporal variability in dust exposure and solar irradiance. Under clean snow conditions, the temperature increases shorten snow cover by 5–18 days, whereas in the presence of dust they only shorten snow duration by 0–6 days. Dust radiative forcing also causes faster and earlier peak snowmelt outflow with daily mean snowpack outflow doubling under the heaviest dust conditions. On average, snow cover at the towers is lost 2.5 days after peak outflow in dusty conditions, and 1–2 weeks after peak outflow in clean conditions.
For Better, for Worse?

ABSTRACT This experimental study examined what is the optimal decision for a company whose brand is endorsed by a celebrity immersed in a scandal (revoking versus continuing the endorsement) as a function of brand/endorser fit (congruence versus incongruence) and of the veracity of the negative event created by the celebrity's reaction (denying versus admitting the facts). In the case of congruence, revoking the endorsement is suboptimal with respect to brand attitude and purchase intention. Furthermore, denying lowered the endorser's trustworthiness which, in turn, hampered attitude and intention. Managerial and theoretical implications, as well as directions for further research, were also considered.
Seismic travel-time tomography for detailed global mantle structure

The object of this thesis is to use travel-time tomography to focus and enhance the existing global image of the Earth's mantle and crust. This image is still rather blurred with respect to the considerably sharper pictures commonly obtained in regional studies. The improvement is basically obtained in two steps: In the first step a more or less conventional tomography method is applied to a reprocessed and sensibly averaged data set for a more sophisticated, irregular discretization of the study volume, and in the second step the (global) method itself is refined by introducing 3-D ray tracing to calculate accurate seismic ray paths through heterogeneous velocity models (nonlinear tomography).
Early-Life Cadmium Exposure and Child Development in 5-Year-Old Girls and Boys: A Cohort Study in Rural Bangladesh

Background: Cadmium is a commonly occurring toxic food contaminant, but health consequences of early-life exposure are poorly understood. Objectives: We evaluated the associations between cadmium exposure and neurobehavioral development in preschool children. Methods: In our population-based mother–child cohort study in rural Bangladesh, we assessed cadmium exposure in 1,305 women in early pregnancy and their children at 5 years of age by measuring concentrations in urine (U-Cd), using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Children’s IQ at 5 years of age, including Verbal (VIQ), Performance (PIQ), and Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ), were measured by Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Behavior was assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: In multiple linear regression models, adjusted for sex, home stimulation, socioeconomic status (SES), and maternal and child characteristics, a doubling of maternal U-Cd was inversely associated with VIQ (–0.84 points; 95% confidence interval: –1.3, –0.40), PIQ (–0.64 points; –1.1, –0.18), and FSIQ (–0.80 points; –1.2, –0.39). Concurrent child U-Cd showed somewhat weaker association with VIQ and FSIQ, but not PIQ. Stratification by sex and SES indicated slightly stronger associations with PIQ and FSIQ in girls than in boys and in higher-income compared with lower-income families. Concurrent U-Cd was inversely associated with SDQ-prosocial behavior and positively associated with SDQ-difficult behavior, but associations were close to the null after adjustment. Quantile regression analysis showed similar associations across the whole range of each developmental outcome. Conclusion: Early-life low-level cadmium exposure was associated with lower child intelligence scores in our study cohort. Further research in this area is warranted.
Cellular and humoral immunity in a wild mammal : Variation with age & sex and association with overwinter survival

Immune defenses are expected to be crucial for survival under the considerable parasite pressures experienced by wild animals. However, our understanding of the association between immunity and fitness in nature remains limited due to both the complexity of the vertebrate immune system and the oftenlimited availability of immune reagents in nonmodel organisms. Here, we use methods and reagents developed by veterinary researchers for domestic ungulates on blood samples collected from a wild Soay sheep population, to evaluate an unusually broad panel of immune parameters. Our evaluation included different innate and acquired immune cell types as well as nematode parasitespecific antibodies of different isotypes. We test how these markers correlate with one another, how they vary with agegroup and sex, and, crucially, whether they predict overwinter survival either within or among demographic groups. We found anticipated patterns of variation in markers with age, associated with immune development, and once these age trends were accounted for, correlations among our 11 immune markers were generally weak. We found that females had higher proportions of naïve T cells and gamma–delta T cells than males, independent of age, while our other markers did not differ between sexes. Only one of our 11 markers predicted overwinter survival: sheep with higher plasma levels of antinematode IgG antibodies were significantly more likely to survive the subsequent high mortality winter, independent of age, sex, or weight. This supports a previous finding from this study system using a different set of samples and shows that circulating antibody levels against ecologically relevant parasites in natural systems represent an important parameter of immune function and may be under strong natural selection. Our data provide rare insights into patterns of variation among ageand sex groups in different Tcell subsets and antibody levels in the wild, and suggest that certain types of immune response—notably those likely to be repeatable within individuals and linked to resistance to ecologically relevant parasites—may be most informative for research into the links between immunity and fitness under natural conditions.
Miocene–Recent tectonic and climatic controls on sediment supply and sequence stratigraphy: Canterbury basin, New Zealand

The well‐constrained seismic stratigraphy of the offshore Canterbury basin provides the opportunity to investigate long‐term changes in sediment supply related to the formation of a transpressive plate boundary (Alpine Fault). Reconstructions of the relative motion of the Australian and Pacific plates reveal divergence in the central Southern Alps prior to ∼20.1 Ma (chron 6o), followed by increasing average rates of convergence, with a marked increase after ∼6 Ma (late Miocene). A strike–slip component existed prior to 33.5 Ma (chron 13o) and perhaps as early as Eocene (45 Ma). However, rapid strike–slip motion (>30 mm yr−1) began at ∼20.1 Ma (chron 6o). Since ∼20.1 Ma there has been no significant change in the strike–slip component of relative plate motion.
HIGH-RESOLUTION MAPPING OF THERMAL INERTIA FROM MARS GLOBAL SURVEYOR THERMAL EMISSION SPECTROMETER

Introduction: We use newly acquired Thermal Emission Spectrometer data from the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft to derive and map the thermal inertia of the martian surface. Mapping mission data is providing a high spatial resolution of ~3 km (as apposed to ~100 km scale from Viking data analysis). This higher resolution will aid greatly in our understanding of the martian surface and geologic processes that act on similar scales.
Potential, value, and consistency

Let P be a real-valued function defined on the space of cooperative games with transferable utility, satisfying the following condition: In every game, the marginal contributions of all players (according to P) are efficient (i.e., add up to the worth of the grand coalition). It is proved that there exists just one such function P--called the potential--and moreover that the resulting payoff vector coincides with the Shapley value. The potential approach yields other characterizations for the value; in particular, in terms of a new internal consistency property. Further results deal with weighted values and with the nontransferable utility case. Copyright 1989 by The Econometric Society.
Super-Early Chickpea Developed at ICRISAT Asia Center

From a cross of 2 early-maturing chickpea [Cicer arietinum] lines, ICCV2 and ICCV93929, a transgressive segregant (ICCV96029) was selected which flowers in ~23 days. Under rainfed conditions at ICRISAT Asia Center, ICCV96029 had early growth vigour and matured in 75-80 days, making it a useful source of earliness and for drought escape in short-cropping environments.
Species-Diversity Utilization of Salt Lick Sites at Borgu Sector of Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria

© 2012 Lameed and Adetola, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Species-Diversity Utilization of Salt Lick Sites at Borgu Sector of Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria
An Investigation of Impact of Personality Traits using OCEAN as a Personality Test and Crypto Market Participation in Kolkata

This research adds to the body of knowledge on cryptocurrency market involvement. It is the first work to use survey data from Kolkata to examine the connection between personality factors and participation in the cryptocurrency market. There were 866 participants in total, 261 of them were involved in the cryptocurrency market. The Big Five (OCEAN) — openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism—are used to describe the personality traits. Both openness to experience and neuroticism are revealed to have a substantial negative connection with participation in the cryptocurrency market. The remaining three personality qualities show little association with one another.
Primary signal: Ecological and environmental factors—Report from Working Group 2

Alkenone‐based proxies are routinely used for paleoceanographic and climatologic reconstructions despite the fact that their calibration to environmental parameters is still a matter of debate. Significant differences are observed among culture calibrations using different strains of alkenone producers, between regional field calibrations within the euphotic zone, and between water column‐ and core top‐based calibrations. The reasons for these discrepancies are not well understood and call for further evaluation. The possibility is raised that several aspects of genetics, physiology, and ecology of alkenone‐producing haptophytes may be responsible, and suggestions of future research are proposed.
Rise and deflection of mantle plume tails

Experimental observations by Kerr and Mériaux (2004) of the deflection of thermal plume tails by an imposed background shear are reanalyzed using a corrected velocity profile. The deflected plumes are found to be accurately described by a constant vertical rise velocity (equation (14)) that depends primarily on the plume buoyancy flux and the ambient viscosity. Our results can be used to further improve the predictions of numerical models of the shearing of plume tails in the Earth's mantle.
A Cyclic Low-Rank Smith Method for Large Sparse Lyapunov Equations

In this paper we present the cyclic low-rank Smith method, which is an iterative method for the computation of low-rank approximations to the solution of large, sparse, stable Lyapunov equations. It is based on a generalization of the classical Smith method and profits by the usual low-rank property of the right-hand side matrix. The requirements of the method are moderate with respect to both computational cost and memory. Furthermore, we propose a heuristic for determining a set of suboptimal alternating direction implicit (ADI) shift parameters. This heuristic, which is based on a pair of Arnoldi processes, does not require any a priori knowledge on the spectrum of the coefficient matrix of the Lyapunov equation. Numerical experiments show the efficiency of the iterative scheme combined with the heuristic for the ADI parameters.