Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ISO-Modulating Effects on the East Asian Summer Monsoon Circulation Patterns Associated with Southern Taiwan’s Monsoon Rainfall

AbstractIn this study, the circulation patterns of the summer monsoon associated with monsoon rainfall in southern Taiwan were analyzed and two types of monsoon patterns were defined. The first type was characterized by a broad low pressure area extending northeastward from a low pressure center near southern China to southern Japan. Strong southwesterly flows were observed over the southern flank of the monsoon trough. The second type of monsoon pattern was characterized by a strong westward-extending anticyclone in the area north of Taiwan (including central China, South Korea, and Japan), and a weaker east–west-elongated monsoon trough south of Taiwan, driving the easterly flow to southern Taiwan. The modulating effect of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) on these monsoon flow patterns indicates that as ISOs propagate northwestward toward southern China, they create favorable conditions for developing and strengthening southwesterly flows and convection. However, because of the latitudinal limit of nor.
Voice Activity Detection for Transient Noisy Environment Based on Diffusion Nets

We address voice activity detection in acoustic environments of transients and stationary noises, which often occur in real-life scenarios. We exploit unique spatial patterns of speech and non-speech audio frames by independently learning their underlying geometric structure. This process is done through a deep encoder–decoder-based neural network architecture. This structure involves an encoder that maps spectral features with temporal information to their low-dimensional representations, which are generated by applying the diffusion maps method. The encoder feeds a decoder that maps the embedded data back into the high-dimensional space. A deep neural network, which is trained to separate speech from non-speech frames, is obtained by concatenating the decoder to the encoder, resembling the known diffusion nets architecture. Experimental results show enhanced performance compared to competing voice activity detection methods. The improvement is achieved in both accuracy, robustness, and generalization ability. Our model performs in a real-time manner and can be integrated into audio-based communication systems. We also present a batch algorithm that obtains an even higher accuracy for offline applications.
MDEWMA chart: an efficient and robust alternative to monitor process dispersion

Control chart is the most important statistical process control tool used to monitor changes in process location and dispersion. In this study, an EWMA control chart is proposed for efficient and robust monitoring of process dispersion. The proposed chart, namely the MDEWMA chart, is based on estimating the process standard deviation (σ) using the mean absolute deviations (MD), taken from the sample median. The performance of the proposed chart has been compared with the EWMASR chart (a dispersion EWMA chart based on sample range) and MD chart (a Shewhart-type dispersion chart based on MD), under the existence and violation of normality assumption. It has been observed that the proposed MDEWMA chart is more efficient and robust when compared with both EWMASR and MD charts in terms of run length (RL) characteristics such as average RL, median RL and standard deviation of the RL distribution.
A bounds test of equality between sets of coefficients in two linear regressions when disturbance variances are unequal

Abstract This article considers the Wald test statistic for testing equality between sets of coefficients in two linear regressions when the disturbance variances are unequal. It is shown that the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis is bounded, asymptotically up to the second order, by the distributions of two F variates multiplied by the number of the regressors.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptors : diversity and evolution 1

Animals have evolved inducible enzymatic defenses to facilitate the biotransformation and elimination of toxic compounds encountered in the environment. The sensory component of this system consists of soluble receptors that regulate the expression of certain isoforms of cytochrome P450, other enzymes, and transporters in response to environmental chemicals. These receptors include several members of the steroid/nuclear receptor superfamily as well as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a member of the bHLH–PAS gene superfamily. In addition to its adaptive functions, the AHR serves poorly understood physiological roles; interference with those roles by dioxins and related chemicals causes toxicity. One approach to understanding the physiological significance of the AHR is to characterize its structure, function, and regulation in diverse species, including mammals, birds, fish, and invertebrates. These animal groups include model species with unique features that can be exploited to broaden our understanding of AHR function. Studies carried out in diverse species also provide phylogenetic information that allows inferences about the evolutionary history of the AHR. This review summarizes the current understanding of AHR diversity among animal species and the evolution of the AHR signaling pathway, as inferred from molecular studies in vertebrate and invertebrate animals. The AHR gene has undergone duplication and diversification in vertebrate animals, resulting in at least three members of an AHR gene family: AHR1, AHR2, and AHR repressor. The inability of invertebrate AHR homologs to bind dioxins and related chemicals, along with other evidence, suggests that the adaptive role of the AHR as a regulator of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes may have been a vertebrate innovation. The physiological functions of the AHR during development appear to be ancestral to the adaptive functions. Sensitivity to the developmental toxicity of dioxins and www.elsevier. com/locate/chembiont * Tel. : +1-508-289-3242; fax: +1-508-457-2134 E-mail address: mhahn@whoi.edu (M.E. Hahn). 1 Invited review for Chemico-Biological Interactions. 0009-2797/02/$ see front matter © 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S0009 -2797 (02 )00070 -4 M.E. Hahn / Chemico-Biological Interactions 141 (2002) 131–160 132 related chemicals may have had its origin in the evolution of dioxin-binding capacity of the AHR in the vertebrate lineage. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Changes of body composition, physical fitness, and blood variables according to the short-term weight reduction in college ssireum athletes

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of short-term weight loss on body shape, physical fitness, and blood variables in college ssireum (one of the Korean traditional martial art) athletes. Six college ssireum athletes participated as subjects. The weight loss program includes 50% of limited diet, 5.5 hr of physical and skill training. Body composition such as weight, body fat, muscle mass, and body mass index (BMI) was determined. Fitness test such as shuttle run, sit-up, trunk extension test, grip test, sitting reach test, and side step test was measured. Blood variables such as total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, glucose, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were checked before and after the short-term weight reduction. The results revealed significant decrease in body composition such as weight, body fat, muscle mass, and BMI. Fitness test also showed significant decrease in sit-up, trunk extension test, and grip test. The results demonstrated positive significant change in side step test, shuttle run, and sitting reach test. The results of blood variables showed significant decrease in total cholesterol, LDL, glucose and SOD. In contrast, MDA revealed significant increase and no significant change was found in ROS. Finally, it is assumed that a proposal of weight loss without decrease of muscle mass, muscle force, and muscle endurance is necessary because of the negative effects on muscle force and muscle endurance which should be used during actual games.
Optimization of a fluorine-free metal-organic deposition to fabricate BaZrO3-doped YBa2Cu3O7−δ film on RABiTS substrates

In this study, we used a systematic route to optimize the fluorine-free MOD process to achieve a high critical current density (Jc) in BaZrO3 (BZO)-doped YBCO films on RABiTS substrates. The BZO content is given by 1 YBCO+x BZO films, where x is moles of BZO per 1 mole of YBCO. We found x = 0.10 to be the optimal BZO content and ∼795–805 °C to be the optimal growth temperature window with 60–90 min processing time. TEM studies show the BZO nanoparticles are ∼20 nm in size and spaced ∼50–100 nm apart. The in-field Jc and the peak pinning force (Fp) of the film grown at the optimal conditions were greatly increased at 77 K relative to pure YBCO films, achieving ∼6.7 GN m−3 at 77 K, H ‖ c in a ∼800 nm thick x = 0.10 film. The angular dependence of in-field Jc measurements also shows greatly reduced angular anisotropy at 1 and 4 T at 77 K due to isotropic pinning by BZO nanoparticles.
Numerical computation and continuation of invariant manifolds connecting fixed points

A numerical method for the computation of an invariant manifold that connects two fixed points of a vector field in $\mathbb{R}^n $ is given, extending the results of an earlier paper [Comput. Appl. Math., 26 (1989), pp. 159’170] by the authors. Basically, a boundary value problem on the real line is truncated to a finite interval. The method applies, in particular, to the computation of heteroclinic orbits. The emphasis is on the systematic computation of such orbits by continuation. Using the fact that the linearized operator of our problem is Fredholm in appropriate Banach spaces, the general theory of approximation of nonlinear problems is employed to show that the errors in the approximate solution decay exponentially with the length of the approximating interval. Several applications are considered, including the computation of traveling wave solutions to reaction diffusion problems. Computations were done using the software package AUTO.
Brand Positioning as A Mediator in The Relationship Between Social Media Quality and Brand Loyalty: An Applied Study on The Private Universities in Egypt

The research investigates the role of brand positioning as a mediator in the relationship between social media quality and brand loyalty in private higher education institutions in Egypt from the student’s perspective. The quantitative method was the research method. The primary data was collected by the online questionnaire from the students enrolled in private universities in Egypt. Convenience sampling was used. The sample size was 400. A total of 384 responses were collected and valid. The data were analyzed via (SPSS v22). The findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between social media quality and brand loyalty, and brand positioning mediates this relationship. Additionally, the model has a high ability to predict brand loyalty through social media quality and brand positioning. The study recommends private universities to depend on social media as a strategic marketing communication tool to build brand positioning and brand loyalty. The research is limited to private universities in Egypt, and findings may apply to other institutions.
DUST-DISTANCES TO PLANETARY NEBULAE.

The authors have measured accurate, new extinction constants for the planetary nebulae considered by Lutz in her earlier studies of distances, in which these were determined by comparing nebular extinctions with color excesses of surrounding O and B stars whose distances are known. Instead of fitting a curve to all the stellar data, the authors bracket the nebular extinction with a range in color excess, and average the distances of the stars that fall within the band. Two of the eight nebulae considered lie outside the range of the stellar data, illustrating the error that can be introduced into the method by insufficiently deep photometry, which can cause dust distances to be overestimated. For the others, the typical uncertainty is still high, averaging about ±55%. The derived distances marginally support the distance scale used by Cahn and Kaler as well as the distance method employed by Daub.
Compressible Convection in a Rotating Spherical Shell - Part Three - Analytic Model for Compressible Vorticity Waves

A simple analog to compressible convection in a rotating spherical shell is described and solved analytically to enable us to understand the basic physics of the prograde velocities that resulted from the numerical calculations of Paper II. The analog is for an inviscid, adibatically stratified, rotating, equatorial annulus of gas for which a form of potential vorticity is conserved. Linear perturbations in this system take the form of vorticity waves which propagate prograde relative to the rotating reference frame as long as the density decreases outward. Their frequencies depend on the longitudinal wavenumber and density stratification in the same way as the convective modes of Paper II. Simple physical arguments explain these dependences.
On the Spatial Asymptotic Behavior of Stochastic Flows in Euclidean Space

We study asymptotic growth rates of stochastic flows on R d and their derivatives with respect to the spatial parameter under Lipschitz conditions on the local characteristics of the generating semimartingales. In a first step these conditions are seen to imply moment inequalities for the flow of the form E sup |Φ 0t (x) - Φ 0t (y)|p 1. 0<t<T In a second step we deduce the growth rates From an integrated version of these moment inequalities, using the continuity lemma of Garsia, Rodemich and Rumsey. We provide two examples to show that our results are sharp.
An Expanding Shell-like Molecular Cloud near the Galactic Center Arc

We found, from the data of our CS (J = 1-0/2-1) survey with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope, that a molecular cloud associated with the “vertical filaments” of the Galactic center arc has a shell-like structure and is expanding with a velocity of 20 km s-1. The limb of the shell has high density, n(H2) = 6 × 104 cm-3. The shell may have originated from 10-100 supernovae within the last 105 yr. At the point of contact with the filaments, the limb of the shell is deformed and the filaments are bent in the opposite direction. These compensative deformations suggest that the shell is dynamically interacting with the filaments. The interaction may activate relativistic electrons in the Galactic center arc.
The second derivative method of gravity interpretation

The second derivative method of interpreting gravity data, although its use is justifiable only on data of high accuracy, offers a simple routine method of locating some types of geologic anomalies of importance in oil and mineral reconnaissance. The theoretical formula by which it is possible to compute the second (vertical) derivative of any harmonic function from its values in a horizontal plane is derived for both the two‐dimensional and the three‐dimensional cases. The graphical method of computing the second derivative is discussed, especially as to the sources of error. A numerical coefficient equivalent of the graphical method is also presented. Formulas and graphs for the second derivative of the gravity effect of such geometrically simple shapes as the sphere, the infinite horizontal cylinder, the semi‐infinite horizontal plane, and the vertical fault, are presented with discussions of their value in the interpretation of practical data. Finally, the gravity and second derivative maps of portion.
Numerical solution of shallow water magnetohydrodynamic equations with non-flat bottom topography

The governing equations of shallow water magnetohydrodynamics describe the dynamics of a thin layer of nearly incompressible and electrically conducting fluids for which the evolution is nearly two-dimensional with magnetic equilibrium in the third direction. A high-resolution central-upwind scheme is applied to solve the model equations considering non-flat bottom topography. The suggested method is an upwind biased non-oscillatory finite volume scheme which doées not require a Riemann solver at each time step. To satisfy the divergence-free constraint, the projection method is used. Several case studies are carried out. For validation, a gas kinetic flux vector splitting scheme is also applied to the same model.
BVI CCD photometry of the distant open star clusters Berkeley 81, Berkeley 99, NGC 6603 and NGC 7044

We present CCD observations for the distant northern open star clusters Berkeley 81, Berkeley 99, NGC 6603 and NGC 7044 in BVI photometric passbands. A total of 9 900 stars have been observed in fields of about 6 x 6 arcmin 2 of the sky around the clusters. Colour-magnitude diagrams in V, (B - V) and V, (V - I) have been generated down to V = 22 mag and, for the first time, such diagrams have been produced for the clusters Berkeley 81 and Berkeley 99. The data serve as a base for the study of mass functions and for comparison with theoretical models. Analysis of the radial distribution of stellar surface density indicates that the radius values for Berkeley 81, Berkeley 99, NGC 6603 and NGC 7044 are 2.7, 2.8, 2.8 and 2.2 arcmin respectively. By fitting the latest convective core overshooting isochrones to the colour-magnitude diagram and using its morphological features, reddenings, distances and ages of the star clusters have been determined. Broad but well-defined main sequences with stellar evolutionary effects in the brighter stars are clearly visible in colour-magnitude diagrams of all the clusters under study. Some blue stragglers along with well-developed giant branches and red giant clumps are also clearly seen in all of them. The clusters studied here are located at a distance of ~ 3 kpc, except for Berkeley 99 which is located at a distance of 4.9 kpc. Their linear sizes lie between 3.8 and 8.0 pc; E(B - V) values range from 0.3 to 1.0 mag, while their ages are between 0.5 and 3.2 Gyr. Thus the star clusters studied here are of intermediate and high age but are compact and distant objects.
Paper 8: Studies of Flow through Centrifugal Pump Impellers

A photographic technique is used here to give quantitative measurements of the three-dimensional flow pattern in pump impellers operating at conditions of practical interest. This technique is used to study the flow through a series of impellers of outlet angle varying between 20° and 35° and inlet angles constant at 20°, operating over a range of throughflows. Attention is here focused on the flow patterns at, and below, the best efficiency point.Experimental results show that standing vortices can appear at both the leading surface near the impeller eye and at the trailing surface near the impeller tip, with the latter becoming more important as the throughflow is reduced. A qualitative explanation for the appearance of these vortices is given in terms of boundary-layer theory and the effect of the trailing surface vortex on the pump performance is discussed. Estimates are made of the internal slip coefficient and a study of the losses in the volute close to the impeller tip is made. The data are again .
Radiometric and spectral characterization and comparison of the Antarctic Dome C and Sonoran Desert sites for the calibration and validation of visible and near-infrared radiometers

Global climate change studies require long-term, radiometrically accurate, and stable observations from a number of satellites. Spatially uniform and radiometrically/spectrally stable vicarious calibration sites can be used to quantify the sensor gain change over time, monitor the instrument performance, and compare measurements from multiple instruments to maintain consistent radiometric calibration. This study uses AQUA moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), MetOp-A advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR), and Earth Observing-1 Hyperion to analyze the radiometric and spectral characteristics of the Dome C and Sonoran Desert sites and perform intercomparisons. The radiometric stability of both sites over a period of eight years as evaluated using AQUA MODIS is found to be better than 2% in the visible (0.64 μm) and near-infrared regions (0.86 μm), assuming the MODIS calibration is stable. The bidirectional reflectance distribution (BRDF) effect over Dome C is large, with greater than 5% seasonal variation, compared to the Sonoran Desert with less than 2% variation. However, the BRDF impact can be reduced to less than 2% for Dome C after normalization by an appropriate BRDF model. For water vapor absorption channels, such as AVHRR channel 2 (0.86 μm), this study suggests that the Sonoran Desert is largely affected with greater than 6% absorption variability compared to that of Dome C with less than 2%. The study also reveals that the operationally calibrated AVHRR top-of-atmosphere reflectance is lower than that of MODIS by about 8%.
Comparison of the facet heating behavior between AlGaAs single quantum‐well lasers and double‐heterojunction lasers

The facet heating behavior of AlGaAs double‐heterojunction (DH) lasers was measured as a function of injection current using Raman microprobe spectroscopy. The result from the DH lasers is compared to AlGaAs ridge‐waveguided single quantum‐well (SQW) lasers. A clear discontinuity in the facet temperature rise was found below and above the lasing threshold for the DH lasers, indicating a substantial contribution to facet heating by the photon flux. This is in contrast to the facet heating behavior of SQW lasers in which photon flux has been shown to play only a minor role. The data suggest a large difference in the facet absorption of the lasing photons between the two types of lasers. This is further supported by the effect of argon laser probe beam induced facet heating on the diode laser’s output power.
Diffusive, supersonic x-ray transport in radiatively heated foam cylinders

Diffusive supersonic radiation transport, where the ratio of the diffusive radiation front velocity to the material sound speed >2 has been studied in experiments on low density (40 mg/cc to 50 mg/cc) foams. Laser-heated Au hohlraums provided a radiation drive that heated SiO2 and Ta2O5 aerogel foams of varying lengths. Face-on emission measurements at 550 eV provided clean signatures of the radiation breakout. The high quality data provides new detailed information on the importance of both the fill and wall material opacities and heat capacities in determining the radiation front speed and curvature. The Marshak radiation wave transport is studied in a geometry that allows direct comparisons with analytic models and two-dimensional code simulations. Experiments show important effects that will affect even nondiffusive and transonic radiation transport experiments studied by others in the field. This work is of basic science interest with applications to inertial confinement fusion and astrophysics.