Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pore morphology and the characterisation of North Sea sandstones

Within the oil and gas industry it is of the utmost importance to determine the value of a hydrocarbon accumulation. Key to this process is the prediction of reservoir flow and performance. Measurements on core are the main source of information that underpin this crucial prediction; however core is not always available and it is necessary to find another means to estimate the required flow properties. Inspection of core data often reveals the presence of a simple relationship between the core porosity and the permeability to gas. Where this is the case, it is common practice to establish a relationship and then use estimates of porosity from wireline logs to predict permeability. However, for the reservoir examined in this thesis, like many others, this porositypermeability relationship is neither linear, nor straight-forward. A plug porosity-permeability relationship for this reservoir was derived from the analysis of 199 sandstone plugs. In addition 63 of these plugs have image analysis data; the end-trims of these plugs were impregnated, sectioned and polished. Back-scattered electron microscope images at both high (xl50) and low (x30) magnifications were taken, captured as 256 grey scales and numerically analysed. This analysis enabled the pore geometry to be quantified. The image data led to an improved understanding of the controls on permeability and porosity. This understanding was achieved by the demonstration that micro-porosity is an ineffective porosity in terms of fluid flow. Micro-porosity is identified as pores <13 pm2 and mostly occurs within the clay (defined as the grey scale range 50-170 on the SEM images). Image porosity was calculated and observed to be less than plug porosity and has a stronger linear relationship with permeability; this is a result of micro-porosity being included in the measurement of plug porosity but not in the image porosity calculation. A non-linear relationship between gas permeability and mean pressure in the calculation of Klinkenberg permeability is present; a possible explanation for this observation is given.
Evaluation of the efficacy and surgical-related safety of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in advanced resectable none small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Background The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has brought about a paradigm shift in the treatment landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite the promising long-term survival outcomes and optimization of pathological complete response (cPR) demonstrated by various studies such as Impower010 and Checkmate-816, the effectiveness of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in advanced resectable NSCLC remains a subject of debate. Although previous research has explored the connection between the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy and surgical-related safety, limited studies have specifically investigated the surgical-related safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Therefore, our study aims to assess the efficacy and surgical-related safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in advanced resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Method We conducted a retrospective study on a cohort of 93 patients with stage IIIA-IIIC NSCLC who underwent neoadjuvant therapy and surgical resection. Among them, 53 patients received neoadjuvant immunotherapy, 18 patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy while the remaining 22 underwent neoadjuvant targeted therapy. The patients were separated into further groups according to their pathological type. Data analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test. Results All patients were categorized into six distinct groups. Notably, the neoadjuvant immunotherapy squamous carcinoma group exhibited a favorable edge over the neoadjuvant targeted squamous carcinoma group concerning the duration of drainage tube indwelling and the extent of lymph node dissection. Furthermore, the neoadjuvant immunotherapy adenocarcinoma group outperformed neoadjuvant targeted therapy adenocarcinoma counterpart in terms of achieving complete pathological response (cPR). Simultaneously, the neoadjuvant immunotherapy adenocarcinoma group surpassed the neoadjuvant chemotherapy adenocarcinoma group in the incidence of hydrothorax. Nevertheless, no statistically significant disparities were noted between the neoadjuvant immunotherapy squamous carcinoma group and the neoadjuvant chemotherapy carcinoma group. Conclusion Regarding surgical outcomes, neoadjuvant immunotherapy conferred notable advantages compared to conventional neoadjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant targeted therapy for patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma. In the case of squamous carcinoma, neoadjuvant immunotherapy exhibited superiority over neoadjuvant targeted therapy, although additional evidence is required to conclusively establish its precedence over neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Polysaccharide-halloysite nanotube composites for biomedical applications: a review

Abstract As a unique tubular nanoclay, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) have recently attracted significant research attention. The HNTs have outer diameters of ∼50 nm, inner lumens of ∼20 nm and are 200-1000 nm long. They are biocompatible nanomaterials and widely available in nature, which makes them good candidates for application in biomedicine. Compared with other types of nanoparticles such as polymer nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes, the drawbacks associated with HNTs include brittleness, difficulty with fabrication, low fracture strength, high density and inadequate biocompatibility. Preparation of polysaccharide-HNT composites offer a means to overcome these shortcomings. Halloysite nanotubes can be incorporated easily into polysaccharides via solution mixing, such as with chitosan (CS), sodium alginate, cellulose, pectin and amylose, for forming composite films, porous scaffolds or hydrogels. The interfacial interactions, such as electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding, between HNTs and the polysaccharides are critical for improvement of the properties. Morphology results show that HNTs are dispersed uniformly in the composites. The mechanical strength and Young’s modulus of the composites in both the dry and wet states are enhanced by HNTs and the HNTs can also increase the storage modulus, glass-transition temperature and thermal stability of the composites. Cytocompatibility results demonstrate that the polysaccharide-HNT composites have low cytotoxicity even for HNT loading >80%. Therefore, the polysaccharide-HNT composites show great potential for biomedical applications, e.g. as tissue engineering scaffold materials, wound-dressing materials, drugdelivery carriers, and cell-isolation surfaces.
Ion Changes and Signaling under Salt Stress in Wheat and Other Important Crops

High concentrations of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), calcium (Ca2+), and sulphate (SO42−) are frequently found in saline soils. Crop plants cannot successfully develop and produce because salt stress impairs the uptake of Ca2+, potassium (K+), and water into plant cells. Different intracellular and extracellular ionic concentrations change with salinity, including those of Ca2+, K+, and protons. These cations serve as stress signaling molecules in addition to being essential for ionic homeostasis and nutrition. Maintaining an appropriate K+:Na+ ratio is one crucial plant mechanism for salt tolerance, which is a complicated trait. Another important mechanism is the ability for fast extrusion of Na+ from the cytosol. Ca2+ is established as a ubiquitous secondary messenger, which transmits various stress signals into metabolic alterations that cause adaptive responses. When plants are under stress, the cytosolic-free Ca2+ concentration can rise to 10 times or more from its resting level of 50–100 nanomolar. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are linked to the Ca2+ alterations and are produced by stress. Depending on the type, frequency, and intensity of the stress, the cytosolic Ca2+ signals oscillate, are transient, or persist for a longer period and exhibit specific “signatures”. Both the influx and efflux of Ca2+ affect the length and amplitude of the signal. According to several reports, under stress Ca2+ alterations can occur not only in the cytoplasm of the cell but also in the cell walls, nucleus, and other cell organelles and the Ca2+ waves propagate through the whole plant. Here, we will focus on how wheat and other important crops absorb Na+, K+, and Cl− when plants are under salt stress, as well as how Ca2+, K+, and pH cause intracellular signaling and homeostasis. Similar mechanisms in the model plant Arabidopsis will also be considered. Knowledge of these processes is important for understanding how plants react to salinity stress and for the development of tolerant crops.
Evaluating the Interplay of Compensation Equity, Job Security, Presenteeism, and Work Enthusiasm in The Perception of Occupational Safety and Health Risks in the Estonian Workforce

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) risks are of growing concern globally, including in Estonia. Understanding the contributing factors to these risks is crucial for effective management and intervention. This study aimed to assess the interplay of compensation equity, job security, presenteeism, and work enthusiasm in the perception of occupational safety and health risks within the Estonian workforce. Using data from Eurofound's European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS) 2021, the study computed association metrics and employed exhaustive Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) techniques. The analysis yielded several noteworthy findings. Specifically, increased OSH risks were positively correlated with elevated levels of presenteeism. Moreover, these perceptions of risk were found to have a negative effect on feelings of fair compensation. Job insecurity was identified as a contributing factor to higher perceptions of OSH risks. Work enthusiasm was positively associated with higher rates of presenteeism but negatively related to perceptions of fair compensation. Lastly, the perception of job insecurity negatively affected feelings of fair compensation. The findings from this study contribute to the existing literature by offering an integrated perspective on how job security, presenteeism, work enthusiasm, and compensation equity collectively shape perceptions of OSH risks. Importantly, the results emphasise the necessity of considering occupational safety and health risks in the broader context of compensation equity and job security. Additionally, the study advocates for special attention to be given to managing work enthusiasm in order to mitigate the unintended consequence of elevated presenteeism.
A Compact Singly Fed Dielectric Resonator Antenna With Flat-Top Radiation Patterns

Flat-top radiation patterns are desired in various scenarios to reduce signal interference from nearby coverage sections. Numerous flat-topped antennas have been proposed, but the existing ones usually have complex feeding networks, bulky sizes, or high profiles. To solve these problems, a compact singly-fed flat-topped dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is proposed in this article. Based on the principle of pattern superposition, the lower order DRA mode (TE $^{\text {y}}_{311}$ mode) and the fundamental slot mode are excited simultaneously to obtain flat-top patterns in both the E- and H-planes. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first time that lower order DRA modes can be utilized to achieve flat-top radiation patterns. Two higher permittivity dielectric slabs are attached to the DRA to move these two modes together, and a metallic wall is added to reduce SLLs. For verification, a prototype operating at 5.8 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured radiation patterns are flat-topped in both the E- and H-planes with flat-top beamwidths of 50° and SLLs lower than −17 dB. The flat-top patterns can be maintained from 5.74 to 5.86 GHz with an average gain of 8.2 dBi. Compared with other flat-topped antennas, the proposed antenna has the advantages of a simple structure, compact size, and low profile.
Supportive social interaction as a concept for describing the situation of persons experiencing an infertility crisis

Objective: This article presents the definitions and justification of the necessity to introduce the original concept of supportive social interaction into scholarly discourse. Supportive social interaction is understood as a group interaction encompassing speaking or listening in an informal and judgement-free environment, which is connected with the necessity – and also provides an opportunity – to reciprocally disclose the experiences, needs and personal convictions of the persons participating in the said interaction and leads to a reduction of stress. The differences between traditional approaches to support and supportive social interactions and their significance in the treatment of infertility have been outlined in this article. Theses: Supportive social interactions, a precondition of which is the occurrence of disclosure, vary in terms of quality and function from support in the traditional sense of the word. They are also a source of stress reduction in the process of treating infertility using assisted reproductive technologies. Conclusion: Supportive social interactions are increasingly important in the context of infertility treatment. The proposed concept is an essential element describing the functioning of persons experiencing an infertility crisis.
StrataPhy: A new computer program for stratocladistic analysis

StrataPhy is a computer program designed to perform stratocladistic analysis. Stratocladistic analysis minimizes ad hoc hypotheses of both character homoplasy and non-preservation in the fossil record allowing for the simultaneous analysis of morphologic and stratigraphic data. Prior to StrataPhy, stratocladistic analyses required multiple computer programs and manual branch arrangement. StrataPhy employs full TBR branch swapping coupled with an integrated search for the optimal assignment of taxa as ancestors. The algorithms involved in a StrataPhy stratocladistic search are discussed in detail. StrataPhy reads standard NEXUS formatted files, and additional for-matting required for a StrataPhy analysis is described. We also describe a reanalysis of a previously published data set that emphasizes the potential utility of StrataPhy over previous approaches to stratocladistic analysis.
Role of Mantle Drag on the Tectonics of Subduction Zones: Insights From Laboratory Models

Along convergent boundaries, the role played by mantle drag remains poorly understood despite its potential impact on subduction dynamics and in turn on the deformation regime of the overriding plate. In this study, we present 11 three‐dimensional analog models of subduction including an overriding plate, in which mantle drag at the base of the lower or upper plate results from an imposed unidirectional horizontal mantle flow perpendicular to the trench, and in which the plate opposite to the flow is fixed. We varied the direction and the velocity of the imposed horizontal mantle flow between 0 and 10 cm/yr to quantify its impact on horizontal and vertical upper plate deformation, velocities of plates and subduction, and slab geometry. In our experiments, we show that a mantle flow lower than 5 cm/yr tends to laterally translate the slab rather than to generate internal deformation, resulting in limited differences in slab geometries between models. We also show that plate velocity correlates linearly with the imposed mantle flow velocity and associated mantle drag. The upper plate most often deforms by trench‐orthogonal shortening, with shortening rates increasing linearly with mantle flow. Shortening rates are higher when mantle flow is directed toward the fixed upper plate and when the slab has not yet reached the upper‐lower mantle discontinuity. Minimum trench‐orthogonal shortening rates of 2.5 × 10−15 s−1 are required to thicken upper plates. This study suggests that mantle drag can exert first‐order controls on the dynamics of subduction zones and associated tectonics.
Delphinidin-3-glucoside prolongs lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans with and without environmental stress

The beneficial effects of crude anthocyanin extracts against aging, cancer, and bacterial infections are widely documented in the literature. Delphinidin-3-glucoside (D3G) is a class of anthocyanin pigment in fruits and vegetables. Although there are in vitro studies on the bio-functional activities of D3G, none are in vivo . Thus, we examined the effects of D3G on the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) and measured the healthspan indicators like egg-laying ability and pharyngeal pumping during its normal state and in the presence of stressors, such as heat, ultraviolet (UVA) light, and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). We found out that D3G prolongs the lifespan and improves its healthspan without stress. These same effects were observed with oxidative stress but not heat and UVA stressors. D3G partially reverses the adverse effects of H 2 O 2 by prolonging the lifespan and augmenting the pharyngeal pumping of treated C. elegans , albeit lower than untreated. Overall, our findings suggest that D3G is capable of extending the lifespan and improving health through its antioxidant property.
Small Bowel Obstruction Due to Axial Torsion of Meckel’s Diverticulum: A Case Report and Literature Review

Meckel’s diverticulum (MD) is a commonly encountered congenital gastrointestinal abnormality. Although the frequency of MD-related complications such as inflammation or bleeding is relatively high, small bowel obstruction induced by axial torsion of the MD is rare. Therefore, we herein report such a case along with a review of the literature. A 34-year-old female with right lower quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting was admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of adhesive small bowel obstruction due to a cesarean section performed five years previously. A long intestinal tube was placed, and the patient’s clinical symptoms and X-ray findings showed relief of the small bowel obstruction. However, she developed severe right lower quadrant pain after contrast examination through the long intestinal tube despite the fact that the contrast agent had smoothly reached the terminal ileum. Blood tests and enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a remarkable elevation of inflammatory markers, the appearance of ascites, and closed-loop-like and abscess-like appearances near the site of the caliber change. With a diagnosis of internal hernia, the patient underwent emergency laparotomy by means of a midline incision. Purulent ascites was observed within the abdominal cavity. Small bowel obstruction caused by a single band was observed in the right lower quadrant. Further exploration revealed an inflammatory MD with neck torsion and a mesodiverticular band (MDB). Simple mesodiverticular band resection by electrocautery and diverticulectomy by linear stapler were performed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 7. In the case of juvenile-onset small bowel obstruction, axial torsion of the MD should be considered as a differential diagnosis. Herein, we report such a difficult diagnostic case and the first English literature review of small bowel obstruction due to axial torsion of the MD.
Importance of Midlatitude Oceanic Frontal Zones for the Annular Mode Variability: Interbasin Differences in the Southern Annular Mode Signature

AbstractA midlatitude oceanic frontal zone is a confluent region of warm and cool ocean currents, characterized by a strong meridional gradient in both sea surface temperature (SST) and surface air temperature (SAT). While recent observational and modeling studies indicate potential impacts of midlatitude oceanic fronts on the extratropical climatological circulation, including storm tracks and eddy-driven westerlies, their impacts on the atmospheric-dominant low-frequency variability (i.e., the annular mode) still remain to be understood. This study explores possible impacts of midlatitude oceanic frontal zones on annular mode signatures in the wintertime Southern Hemisphere (SH). To mimic the SH, sets of idealized aquaplanet experiments are conducted with zonally symmetric distributions of SST prescribed globally at the lower boundary of an atmospheric general circulation model. By systematically changing the latitude of frontal gradient in the SST profile, the experiments reveal that the characteristic.
An Examination of Gender Differences in the Association of Adolescent Substance use with Eating and Weight Loss Attitudes

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess gender differences in the relationship between eating and weight loss attitudes (EWAs), and 30-day tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents, while controlling for potential confounds (age, country of birth, psychological distress, pubertal development, peer alcohol and tobacco use, and sexual activity). Methods: School students aged between 11 and 17 years (N = 10,273) from high schools in the State of Victoria (Australia) completed surveys in class under conditions of anonymity and confidentiality. Results: The interaction between EWAs and gender was significant for tobacco use but not for alcohol use, indicating that the effect of EWAs on tobacco use, but not alcohol use, vary by gender. Conclusions: Tobacco use was related to EWAs in adolescent females but not males, and this is consistent with the possibility that females use tobacco in an instrumental fashion to control weight. Implications and Contribution: Female adolescents high in eating and weight loss attitudes were more likely to engage in tobacco use. In contrast, eating and weight loss attitudes were not related to male tobacco use. These results point to the potential importance of developing gender-specific approaches towards addressing problematic behaviors in adolescent populations.
Academics' perceptions of ChatGPT-generated written outputs: A practical application of Turing’s Imitation Game

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology, such as Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), is evolving quickly and having a significant impact on the higher education sector. Although the impact of ChatGPT on academic integrity processes is a key concern, little is known about whether academics can reliably recognise texts that have been generated by AI. This qualitative study applies Turing’s Imitation Game to investigate 16 education academics’ perceptions of two pairs of texts written by either ChatGPT or a human. Pairs of texts, written in response to the same task, were used as the stimulus for interviews that probed academics’ perceptions of text authorship and the textual features that were important in their decision-making. Results indicated academics were only able to identify AI-generated texts half of the time, highlighting the sophistication of contemporary generative AI technology. Academics perceived the following categories as important for their decision-making: voice, word usage, structure, task achievement and flow. All five categories of decision-making were variously used to rationalise both accurate and inaccurate decisions about text authorship. The implications of these results are discussed with a particular focus on what strategies can be applied to support academics more effectively as they manage the ongoing challenge of AI in higher education. Implications for practice or policy: Experienced academics may be unable to distinguish between texts written by contemporary generative AI technology and humans. Academics are uncertain about the current capabilities of generative AI and need support in redesigning assessments that succeed in providing robust evidence of student achievement of learning outcomes. Institutions must assess the adequacy of their assessment designs, AI use policies, and AI-related procedures to enhance students’ capacity for effective and ethical use of generative AI technology.