Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Context for Sentiment Analysis in Dialogues

Sentiment Analysis (SA) can be applied to dialogues to determine the emotional tone throughout the conversation. This is beneficial for dialogue systems because it may improve human-computer interaction. For instance, in case of negative sentiment, the system may switch to a human operator who can handle the situation more effectively. However, given that dialogues are a series of utterances, the context, including the previous text, plays a crucial role in analyzing the current sentiment. Our aim is to investigate the importance of context when monitoring the sentiment of every utterance during a conversation. To accomplish this goal, we assess sentiment analysis in dialogues with varying levels of context, specifically differing in the number and author of preceding utterances. We conduct experiments on Portuguese customer-support conversations, with each utterance manually labeled as having negative or non-negative sentiment. We test a wide range of text classification approaches, from traditional, as simplicity should not be overlooked, to more recent methods, as they are more likely to achieve better performances. Results indicate that the relevance of context varies. However, context assumes particular value in human-computer dialogues, when considering both speakers, and in shorter human-human conversations, when focusing on the client. Moreover, the best classifier for both scenarios, based on BERT, achieves the highest scores when considering the context.
Behaviour and prediction of water table levels in shallow forest soils, southwestern British Columbia

Water table behaviour and the occurrence of saturation was described in a forested catchment in southwestern British Columbia. Based on collected water table data, the strength of relationships between water table depth and topographic variables was also tested. Water table levels were measured during the winter of 1992-1993 at 59 maximum-rise wells located in a small (0.07 krn2) catchment in the UBC Research Forest. Water table levels were found to respond on the order of 15 to 50 cm over some storm events. Surface saturation was observed at 25 of the wells at least once during the study period, and primarily occurred at sites of low slope with concave surface form. Hydrologic variables having the strongest relationship with peak water table levels were maximum storm discharge and 24 hour throughfall intensity. Soil indicators of saturation (colour, presence of mottles or gleying) were not applicable to this site. A detailed survey of the catchment was undertaken to develop a digital elevation model (DEM) with a 4 m grid size. The DEM was used to derive topographic variables (upslope contributing area, surface slope, and surface curvature) at each well location. The contribution of each variable in predicting water table levels was determined through multiple discriminant analysis. Water table level$ were grouped into four classes to avoid problems of data censoring. Predictions based on the occurrence or absence of saturation ranged between 69 and 97% accuracy, and were more accurate than predictions of water table groups (41 to 90% predictive accuracy). Deviations from measured water table levels are likely due to lag times in response at some wells and differences in soil structure at each site. The results support the use of topographic variables as predictors of saturation. The accuracy of water table predictions was also influenced by the DEM scale chosen for the derivation of topographic variables. The most accurate predictions were made using variables derived from the 4 m grid, with a loss of predictive ability at coarser grids (8 m and 16 m) as averaging of catchment topographic characteristics occurred. The prediction of water table levels decreased in accuracy by 15% in some cases at the larger grid sizes. Because many DEMs are based on a 30 m grid scale, it is expected that hydrologic modelling based on this grid size may result in significant differences in output as compared to finer grid sizes.
Incidence and associated factors of post-dural puncture headache among orthopaedic patients after spinal anesthesia: a prospective cohort study

Background: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of a complication of spinal anaesthesia, influenced mostly by various factors including the patient’s age, spinal needle size and design and sex. This headache can be severe and debilitating, preventing ambulation and limiting daily living activities. Objective: This study assessed the incidence and associated factors of PDPH among patients who received spinal anaesthesia for orthopaedic procedures at the Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from June to August 2022 Methods: Prospective cohort study design was employed using Consecutive sampling method among patients who received spinal anaesthesia for orthopaedics procedure at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from June to August 2022. Data were collected by face to face interview and direct observation based on questionnaire. The data were entered to epidata 4.6 and analyzed by SPSS version 20 software. A total 95 patients aged 16–75 was participated in study. Those independent variable that were significant on binary logistic regression at P less than 0.2, were analyzed on multivariate regression, and considered significant association with PDPH at P value less than 0.05. Result: Ninety-five study participants were included in our study of which 19 (20%) had developed PDPH. Among patients who develop PDPH; 9.5% of the patients reported moderate pain while 10.5% experience mild PDPH and 80% of patient has no pain. The BMI and age were found to have significant association with PDPH [(P value 0.018, adjusted odds ratio 8.738, 95% CI, 1.461–52.269) and (P value 0.011, adjusted odds ratio 12.146, 95% CI, 1.753–84.170)], respectively) to PDPH. Conclusion and recommendation: The incidence of PDPH was found to be higher in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The hospital management and the anaesthetists should minimize the magnitude of by strictly following different preventive strategies.
Enhancing the Efficiency of Thin-Film Heterojunction Solar Cells with CIGS using Alternative Metal Chalcogenide Buffer Layers: SCAPS-1D Simulation software

In the majority of cutting-edge Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide (CIGS) photovoltaic cells, Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) is employed as the buffer layer. However, due to the hazardous properties associated with CdS, it is imperative to investigate alternative materials that can offer safety next to both environmental and economic benefits. To facilitate this investigation, the SCAPS-ID computational modeling software has been utilized to analyze pertinent data. A plethora of comprehensive studies have been conducted to ascertain whether other eco-friendly and cost-effective materials, such as Zinc Selenide (ZnSe), Zinc Sulfide (ZnS), Cadmium Selenide (CdSe), and Indium Sulfide (In283), could effectively replace the CdS (buffer) layer in CIGS solar cells. The findings indicate that when CdS and ZnSe are implemented as buffer layers, the photovoltaic cells exhibit superior performance efficiency metrics. The SCAPS-ID simulations demonstrate that optimal p-njunction device efficiency parameters are achieved when the CIGS (absorber) layer thickness spans between 1200 and 1500 nm, the ZnSe (buffer) layer thickness varies from 20 to 60 nm, and the thickness of the Aluminum-doped Zinc Oxide (ZnO:Al) (window) layer measures 25 nm.
Process‐based proxy of oxygen stress surpasses indirect ones in predicting vegetation characteristics

Robust relationships among soil, water, atmosphere and plants are needed to reliably forecast the plant species composition. In this paper, we show the need for, and the application of, a process‐based relationship between soil moisture conditions and vegetation characteristics. We considered 366 groundwater‐dependent sites, where oxygen stress, caused by a surplus of soil moisture, codetermines plant performance. We compared two existing indirect proxies for the soil oxygen status – namely mean spring groundwater level (MSL) and sum exceedence value (SEV) – with our newly developed process‐based proxy, viz. root respiration stress (RS). The two indirect proxies and the process‐based proxy for oxygen stress performed equally well in describing vegetation characteristics for the Netherlands under the current climate. However, relationships based on MSL and SEV appeared to produce systematic prediction errors when applied outside their calibration range, in contrast to the relationship based on RS. Hence, the two indirect proxies cannot be used in projections, such as in predicting effects of climate change on vegetation composition, all the more because they – unlike RS – do not account for essential parameters that determine oxygen stress (e.g. temperature and extreme rainfall events in the growing season). We advocate using RS for estimating vegetation impacts in climate projections to increase the reliability and effectiveness of adaptive strategies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal Bonding as a Protective Factor for Orthorexia Nervosa Risk in Dietetics Students

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the risk of orthorexia nervosa (ON) in dietetics students in Greece, and its relationship with diet, risk of eating disorder (ED), body mass index (BMI), body image flexibility, and parental attachment. The participants were 132 dietetics students, with a mean age of 22.94 ± 3.5 years, who completed a series of questionnaires that recorded sociodemographic, clinical, and anthropometric characteristics; adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet); ON indicators as determined by the ORTO-15 questionnaire; body image flexibility, with the Body Image-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (BI-AAQ-5); the risk for ED as assessed using the EAT-26; anxiety level according to the STAIT 6 instrument; and recollection of their parents’ attitudes towards them during the first 16 years of life, with the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). ON risk appeared to be significantly associated with BMI (p = 0.002), exercise frequency (p = 0.023), anxiety level (p = 0.002), risk of ED (p < 0.001), body image inflexibility (p < 0.001), and inversely with the affectionate constraint of maternal bonding (p = 0.036). In conclusion, disordered eating behaviors and body shape concerns are prevalent among dietetics students, with parental attachment to the mother influencing their occurrence. Identification of potential ON and development of prevention mechanisms during childhood could help eliminate these concerns and improve the lives of dietetics students.
The Impact of Heavy Smoking on Male Infertility and Its Correlation with the Expression Levels of the PTPRN2 and PGAM5 Genes

Smoking has been linked to male infertility by affecting the sperm epigenome and genome. In this study, we aimed to determine possible changes in the transcript levels of PGAM5 (the phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5), PTPRN2 (protein tyrosine phosphatase, N2-type receptor), and TYRO3 (tyrosine protein kinase receptor) in heavy smokers compared to non-smokers, and to investigate their association with the fundamental sperm parameters. In total, 118 sperm samples (63 heavy-smokers (G1) and 55 non-smokers (G2)) were included in this study. A semen analysis was performed according to the WHO guidelines. After a total RNA extraction, RT-PCR was used to quantify the transcript levels of the studied genes. In G1, a significant decrease in the standard semen parameters in comparison to the non-smokers was shown (p < 0.05). Moreover, PGAM5 and PTPRN2 were differentially expressed (p ≤ 0.03 and p ≤ 0.01, respectively) and downregulated in the spermatozoa of G1 compared to G2. In contrast, no difference was observed for TYRO3 (p ≤ 0.3). In G1, the mRNA expression level of the studied genes was correlated negatively with motility, sperm count, normal form, vitality, and sperm membrane integrity (p < 0.05). Therefore, smoking may affect gene expression and male fertility by altering the DNA methylation patterns in the genes associated with fertility and sperm quality, including PGAM5, PTPRN2, and TYRO3.
Biofilm Formation and Aspartyl Proteinase Activity and Their Association with Azole Resistance Among Candida albicans Causing Vulvovaginal Candidiasis, Egypt

Background Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a major cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), a condition that is commonly treated with azole agents. Biofilm formation and aspartyl proteinase production are important virulence factors that could be linked to azole resistance in C. albicans impeding therapy. Aim To find out the association of both factors with azole resistance among C. albicans isolated from VVC cases in Egyptian nonpregnant women of childbearing age. Patients and Methods In a cross-sectional study, C. albicans was isolated from nonpregnant females diagnosed clinically as having VVC during a 1-year study period. Susceptibility to azole agents was tested using the disc diffusion method. Biofilm formation and aspartyl proteinase production were assessed phenotypically. Additionally, two biofilm-related genes (ALS1 and HWP1) and three proteinase genes (SAP2, SAP4, and SAP6) were screened for using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Among 204 C. albicans isolates, azole resistance ratios were as follows: voriconazole (30.4%), itraconazole (17.6%), fluconazole (11.3%) and econazole (6.4%). Biofilm-producing capacity was detected in 63.2% of isolates, and 63.2% were proteinase producers. The frequencies of ALS1 and HWP1 were 69.6% and 74.5%, respectively, while SAP2, SAP4, and SAP6 were 69.2%, 88.7%, and 64.7%, respectively. Biofilm formation was significantly associated with azole resistance (P < 0.001 for each tested azole agent) as was proteinase production (P < 0.001 for fluconazole, voriconazole, and econazole resistance and P = 0.047 for itraconazole). Conclusion Among nonpregnant Egyptian women of childbearing age, azole resistance in C. albicans causing VVC is significantly associated with biofilm formation and proteinase production. The development of new therapeutic agents that can target these factors is warranted.
Shade Increased Seed Yield and Quality of Incarvillea sinensis var. przewalskii

Incarvillea sinensis var. przewalskii has attracted great attention because of the anticancer value of its alkaloids and the potential use of the species for ecological restoration. However, the scarcity of high-quality seeds has significantly hindered the cultivation and efficient utilization of this species. Understanding how seeds respond to maternal environmental conditions is crucial for developing high-yield and top-notch seed accessions, but the available knowledge in this area is limited. Here, we determined the effect of shading treatments on seed development, seed quality, and yield. Compared to the control, shade significantly increased the seed germination rate and 1000-seed weight by 29.2% and 25.6%, respectively. Regardless of light conditions, the seed germination rate and 1000-seed weight decreased by 7.13% and 37.5%, respectively, as the fruit positioned from base to apical. The seed yield per plant was 27.9% higher under shade than under the control treatment. The structural equation model showed that shade promoted seed yield through increasing flowers per reproductive branch and seed numbers per capsule. These findings suggest that adjusting shading conditions and optimizing inflorescence development can lead to high-yield and high-quality seeds. Additionally, prioritizing the number of flowers per reproductive branch and seeds per capsule in breeding programs can further enhance the seed yield of I. sinensis var. przewalskii.
Minimum effective dose of oxytocin bolus during the caesarean section for patients at high vs low risk of uterine atony: A non-randomized, dual-arm, dose-finding prospective trial

Background and Aims: There are scanty data for oxytocin dose in patients at high risk of uterine atony. We aimed to compare the effective dose (ED) 90 of oxytocin for adequate uterine tone during the caesarean section in patients at high-risk vs low-risk uterine atony. Methods: This dose-finding study was undertaken after ethical approval in non-labouring women aged >18 years with pre-defined risk factors for uterine atony (high-risk group) vs those without such factors (low-risk group) (n = 39 each). Starting dose of oxytocin in the first patient of low-risk and high-risk groups was 1 and 3 IU, respectively. Achieving adequate uterine tone at 3 min of oxytocin bolus was designated 'success', while inadequate tone constituted 'failure'. If the response was 'failure', the dose of oxytocin was increased for the next patient by 0.5 or 0.2 IU (high- and low-risk groups, respectively). In case of a successful response, the dose for the next patient was decreased with a probability of 1/9 using the same dosing intervals or otherwise kept unchanged. Results: The ED90 (95% CI) of oxytocin bolus was 4.7 (3.3–6.0) IU for the high-risk group and 2.2 (1.3–3.2) IU for the low-risk group (P = 0.044). Oxytocin-associated tachycardia (P = 0.247) and hypotension (P = 0.675) were clinically greater for the high-risk vs low-risk group but statistically similar. Conclusion: Non-labouring patients with high-risk factors for uterine atony require a greater dose of initial oxytocin bolus to achieve adequate uterine tone during the caesarean section compared to those without risk factors.
Hierarchical Multi-Service Resource Allocation Scheme for Future Wireless Network Virtualization

Future network is envisioned to be a multi-service network which can support more than one distinct communications service type over the same physical infrastructure. As a potential game changer, wireless network virtualization (WNV) allows the coexistence of multiple network slices over a shared physical platform. One key advantage of WNV is to effectively support multiple traffic types in a multi-service network. In this paper, we propose a novel resource allocation scheme for future wireless networks. Our proposed scheme is formulated as a joint control paradigm, which consists of upper and lower control stages. In the upper control stage, the ideas of Kalai and Smorodinsky bargaining solution (KSBS) and Banzhaf value (BV) are combined to allocate the resource to virtual networks. In the lower control stage, each virtual network operator distributes its assigned resource into corresponding mobile devices based on the multi-criteria bargaining solution, which combines the Nash bargaining solution (NBS) and KSBS to optimize the overall performance subject to different service requirements. To effectively share the limited physical resource, each stage control mechanism works together in an interactive manner. The main novelty of our approach is to reach a reciprocal consensus among competitive network agents. Through system simulations, numerical results show the superiority of our proposed control approach. Especially, the proposed scheme increases the system throughput, device payoff, and fairness by about 10%, 10% and 15%, respectively, in comparison with existing state-of-the-art WNV protocols. Finally, we highlight interesting research challenges and point out potential directions to spur further research in this promising research area.
System Dynamics and Innovation in Food Networks 2012

Recent crises in the agricultural sector, such as the 2011 German dioxin scandal and deaths from EHEC or the last swine fever outbreak in Germany in 2006, have caused immense economic damage. As a result, German veterinary authorities at the district, state, and federal levels have been put in charge as crisis managers and leaders of active preventative organizations. To perform their tasks successfully, they require effective communication skills as well as close cooperation with stakeholders in the agribusiness sector. However, despite clear evidence that identifies these relationships as crucial, there is only very little research that directly addresses communication quality and intensity of public authorities responsible for food safety. The relevant literature so far primarily deals with the technical design and implementation of new information and communication systems. However, it often fails to address the particular needs and communication behaviour of individual users. It is the objective of this study to identify determinants of communication quality and to differentiate between types of communicators in order to shed light on the construct of communication behaviour in veterinary authorities. To do so, the determinants of the quality of communication between public authorities and their external stakeholders were identified based on a causal model. These determinants were used as cluster-building variables in a cluster analysis to determine different types of communicators in veterinary services.
System Dynamics and Innovation in Food Networks 2013

The purpose of this paper is to provide firms in the food and agricultural sector a model that enables them to assess their corporate social initiatives in conjunction with their stakeholders. Building on the concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR), corporate social performance (CSP) and the relational view the paper argues that firms can improve the results of their corporate social initiatives by setting up a dialogue with their stakeholders and to relate this to their internal organizational delivery system. The CSP model is based on the SERVQUAL methodology. The model addresses how a potential (mis)match between a firm’s CSR initiative and stakeholders expectations and experiences is related to four gaps in the firm’s internal organizational delivery system and how this effects the firm’s CSP. CSP measurement is a fundamental part of a firm’s strategy if one accepts the tenet that firm survival and growth depends on the ability of firms to meet the needs of their stakeholders and to manage corporate image. It is to the firm to make stakeholder’s expectations transparent and plan action in alignment with the firm’s business strategy. The paper contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of CSP measurement by linking a firm’s CSP to the firm’s delivery system. It addresses how CSP can evolve over time by putting the dialogue with stakeholders central.
Multiscale analysis of precipitable water vapor over Africa from GPS data and ECMWF analyses

This is the first climatological analysis of precipitable water vapor (PWV) from GPS data over Africa. The data reveal significant modulations and variability in PWV over a broad range of temporal scales. GPS PWV estimates are compared to ECMWF reanalysis ERA40. Both datasets show good agreement at the larger scales (seasonal cycle and inter‐annual variability), driven by large scale moisture transport. At intra‐seasonal (15–40 days) and synoptic (3–10 days) scales, strong PWV modulations are observed from GPS, consistently with ECMWF analysis. They are shown to be correlated with convection and the passage of equatorial waves and African Easterly waves. The high‐frequency GPS observations also reveal a significant diurnal cycle in PWV, which magnitude and spectral content depends strongly on geographic location and shows a seasonal modulation. The diurnal cycle of PWV is poorly represented in ERA40 reflecting weaknesses in the water cycle of global circulation models at this timescale.