Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Agrobiodiversity and in situ conservation in quilombola home gardens with different intensities of urbanization

Among the agricultural environments of traditional communities, home gardens are frequently cited as high agrobiodiversity sites. However, the agrobiodiversity of home gardens along a rural-urban gradient demands study in order to identify possible influences of urbanization and to support mitigation of impacts. The present work investigated the role home gardens play in the in situ agrobiodiversity conservation of plants in quilombola communities with different degrees of urbanization. The study found that more urbanized communities have larger home gardens, but the average richness of plant species in these areas was not statistically different among the communities. Furthermore, the abundance of plant species was similar. Medicinal and food plants were mainly found in home gardens of the communities with high to intermediate levels of urbanization, while ornamental plants were more common in rural community home gardens. It is believed that crop exclusivity in home gardens of the more urbanized communities highly influenced the results, increasing the role home gardens play in maintaining traditional practices. The elevated and statistically equal species richness in home gardens suggests that, despite the factors generated by urbanization, all of the communities are very important for in situ conservation of native and introduced species.
Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax pada Perlakuan Panjang lanjaran dan Waktu Batang Membelit

Dioscorea is potentially used as staple food to support food security. The research was aimed to determine the effect of stake length and time of stem twining on the growth of Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax. The experiment was conducted in Purwodadi Botanic Garden from December 2014 until May 2015 using split plot randomized block design consisted of two factors, i.e. the stake length and time of stem twining. The stake length was the main plot consisted of 150 cm, 100 cm and 50 cm above soil surface and without stake (control). The time of stem twining as subplots, i.e. stem twined early, twined at the time of 4 leaves stage, and twined at 8 leaves stage. Each combination of the treatments was replicated three times. The results showed that there was significant effect on the stake length and the time of stem twining treatments on the plant growth and yield. The stake length of 150 cm treatment produced the highest fresh tuber and total plant dry weight, i.e., 257.24 g and 132.77 g per plant, respectively. On the contrary, the plant without stake produced the lowest fresh tuber and total dry weight of plant, i.e., 112.10 g and 48.65 g per plant, respectively. Keywords: biomass,leaf area, photosyntesis, tuber weight
An Experimental Investigation of Relationship between surface Hardness and Strength of Locally produced TMT 500W bar in Bangladesh

The high-strength mild steel bars (usually low carbon steel) are widely used for structural purposes throughout the world including Bangladesh. The strength of these deformed barsis measured through a sample decimation process via Universal Testing Machine (UTM), after which the broken pieces are discarded as scrap for recycling. Therefore, measuring the hardness of steel could be a good indication of strength and will involve less sample and short time for testing. The strength–hardness relationship for steel and cast iron is well defined. However, the TMT 500W deformed bar using in Bangladesh has different structural phenomena due to its unique fabrication technique. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how the strength varies with hardness for this grade of steel. The current research aims to explore the hardness–strength relationship for TMT (Thermomechanical Treatment) 500W bar as an alternate of the tensile test to minimize the wastage, cost and time of testing. Several TMT 500W bars were collected from the local market and measured the Rockwell Hardness B (HRB), strength and other relevant macroscopic/microscopic parameters. Finally, two empirical relationships of yield and tensile strength have been established using rim hardness, core hardness, and rim thickness data. The actual strength data shows a good agreement with present findings and the result variation is found less than 2% and 3% in the case of yield strength and tensile strength respectively.
Does Structural Power Matter? Board Attributes and Firm Performance

Purpose- The study investigates the moderating role of Chief Executive Officer Duality onboard attributes and firm performance of companies listed in Kenya. Design/Methodology- The research used a longitudinal research design. Panel data were derived from published accounts for sixteen years that is from 2002-2017. IGLS regression models were used to test the hypothesis. Findings- The empirical results indicated that the independence of the board, the size of the board, and the duration in which the board member served the organization positively influence the firm performance. However, CEO duality does not moderate the relationship. Practical Implications- Regulatory bodies such as NSE and CMA in Kenya should ensure that listed firms have more independent directors serving a board, ensure a reasonable size of the board and increase the board tenure to enhance firm performance. Further, the combined roles of the CEO and chairman may not influence the efficiency of the board in the Kenyan context.
Ipond2: The Next Generation The Development And Application Of Improved Methods For Assessment Of Replisome Protein Dynamics

Faithful replication of the genome during cell division is essential for the avoidance of disease-promoting mutations. Until recently, accurate quantification of replication factor alterations in response to cellular stress primarily relied on low sensitivity assays such as cell staining and nuclear extraction assays. In the past few years, the Cortez, Groth, and Santocanale laboratories have developed procedures to retrieve and analyze proteins associated with actively replicating DNA (iPOND, NCC, and Dm-Chp, respectively). Herein, we report improvements to iPOND that increase protein yield and quantitative sensitivity, as well as permit better statistical evaluation of candidate factors (iPOND2). These improvements were achieved by employment of sucrose based density gradient fractionation of samples prior to EdU-biotin retrievals. The use of iPOND2 increased the dynamic range of protein quantification by Mass Spec by more than 40-fold compared to recent iPOND. We investigated the replisome component response to stress and assessed the role of p97-mediated degradation in protein turnover at the fork with or without cell cycle checkpoint protein, ATR. Furthermore, increased replisome component yields permitted the detection of ubiquitylated peptides without secondary affinity-based retrievals. Due to the increased yield of iPOND2 we were able to combine iPOND2 with other purification methods such as K-ɛ-GG IP to gain further utility from the addition of sucrose fractionation to iPOND. For example, we have further improved our ability to analyze ubiquitin sites on the replisome in a high-throughput way and potentially developed a method capable of assessing terminated fork or origin composition across a variety of treatment conditions. In summary, iPOND2 exhibits greatly improved replisome retrieval specificity, yield, quantitative dynamic range, and statistical power to detect changes in replication-associated factors in response to stress conditions. iPOND2 can be used alone, in conjunction with a variety of MS analytical methods, and combined with secondary affinity purifications to improve our understanding of replisome dynamics following stress. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Cell & Molecular Biology First Advisor Eric Brown Second Advisor Brad Johnson This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/2552
WHEN GRIT LEADS TO SUCCESS: THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION

Successful enterprise has been related to numerous characteristics including entrepreneurial orientation. The current study aims to examine the influence of individual entrepreneurial orientation and grit dimensions on entrepreneurial success. The potential mediating role of consistency of interest and perseverance of effort, on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and success, was also explored. Survey data were collected in Tripoli, Libya from entrepreneurs during the current economic downturn and crisis. The data from the usable 147 responses was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. The statistical results revealed a significant relationship between the individual entrepreneurial orientation, consistency of interest, and perseverance of effort, with the dependent variable, entrepreneurial success. The dimensions of grit were also found to mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and success. The cross-sectional nature of the study and the smaller sample size make the findings difficult to generalize. Verification of the significance of success predictors can unravel concerns about the low rate of established and nascent businesses despite the presence of opportunities and positive perception of entrepreneurship. The study of grit dimensions as a mediator between the individual entrepreneurial orientation and success is unprecedented.
Changes in land use and ecosystem services in tropical forest areas: a case study in Andes mountains of Ecuador

ABSTRACT Tropical Andes are subjected to severe land use/land cover (LULC) changes that significantly alter the capacity of the landscape to provide ecological functions for supporting human well-being. The aim of the study is (a) to investigate the LULC changes in the Ecological Corridor Llaganantes-Sangay (Corredor Ecológico Llanganates-Sangay) (Central Ecuador), a buffer semi-protected area, during the period 2000–2014 and (b) to analyse their possible consequences on ecosystem services (ESs) provision. The analysis was performed using LULC maps of 2000, 2008 and 2014. ESs were analysed using the ‘landscape capacity’ index, which is based on a multi-criteria assessment framework. The study captured an extremely rapid LULC transition from croplands to pastures during 2008–2014 below the 2000-m altitude, which was followed by a respective rapid socio-economic change of the local society. The landscape index changes were insignificant showing a slight decrease (−1.92%) during 2000–2014. Although the overall coverage of natural ecosystems slightly increased during 2000–2014, it was found that the passive landscape conservation might not be sufficient to maintain ESs provision. This was justified by the different ESs contribution between forest types but also by urbanization, agriculture abandonment and pasture expansion. EDITED BY Neville Crossman
In Vitro Multiplication and Phyto-chemical Analysis of a Valuable Medicinal Plant Withania Somnifera L. Dunal

Withania somnifera , a popular Indian medicinal plant has long been used commonly in ayurvedic system of medicine. All the parts of the plants have shown remarkable importance in the field of pharmacology. The present paper gives an account of information on in-vitro micro propagation of medicinally important plant for the generation of multiple shoots and roots of Withania somnifera and its phyto-chemical activities. Shoots were induced from the axillary buds of Withania somnifera on Murashige and Skoogs's (MS) basal media supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0.10mg/l, 0.25mg/l, 0.50mg/l, 0.75mg/l, 1.00mg/l). Axillary bud explants showed initiation of shoots with the concentrations of 1mg/l and it is found to be most effective for multiple shoot generation within minimum time period. The leaf, stem and root of Withania somnifera were analyzed for phyto-chemical screening. The micro propagated plants were transplanted to pots for hardening.
On the Way to Sustainable Agriculture—Eco-Efficiency of Polish Commercial Farms

The negative impact of agriculture on the natural environment is not a new issue. One of the ideas to overcome this problem is the eco-efficiency concept, analyzing the agricultural output in relation, not only to traditional inputs, but to the environmental impact, as well. This paper aims at calculating the eco-efficiency of Polish commercial farms, based on a representative sample of 601 farms participating in the Polish Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). To assess the eco-efficiency of the farms, variables illustrating traditional inputs (land, labor, capital), as well as variables reflecting the environmental pressure of the surveyed farms (greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and nitrogen and phosphorus surpluses) were used. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) revealed that, on average, farms could reduce their inputs by almost a quarter without reducing their outputs. Additionally, it was revealed that incorporating externalities of agricultural production into analyses decreases the diversity of the farm population in terms of efficiency measures. According to the analyses, more eco-efficient farms are characterized by larger utilized agricultural area (UAA), higher production value, and higher intensity of chemical inputs per 1 ha, but at the same time by lower amounts of inputs used per production unit. Moreover, more eco-efficient farms achieved higher farm incomes in many terms: total, per 1 ha of UAA, and per 1 EUR of production value.
The effect of e-wom and brand image towards Sushi Masa consumer purchasing decision

This digital age, people are using digital technology to facilitate all kinds of activities. Sushi Masa Jakarta, uses Zomato as one of their media as an E-WOM facility for consumers to express their feelings. In addition, the Authentic Sushi Image cannot be separated from Sushi Masa. The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is effects of E-WOM and Authentic Brand Image towards consumer purchasing decisions, partially and simultaneously. The theory used is Stimulus Response, supported by other marketing communication concepts. The method used is quantitative based on positive paradigm, considers the social reality can be proven scientifically. Data collection used were questionnaires with Likert scale. The results found the effect of E-WOM and Brand Image together towards consumer purchasing decisions by 62.9%. The author suggest that Sushi Masa can maintain E-WOM and Brand Image that has been built so that consumers continue to making purchasing decisions.
Population Dynamics, Efficacy of Botanical Extracts and Synthetic Insecticides for The Control of Pea Leaf Miner (Phytomyza horticola Goureau) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) Under the Climatic Conditions of Baltistan, Pakistan

Field Studies were carried out for the effective management of Pea Leaf Miner (Phytomyza horticola Goureau) through synthetic insecticides CURACRON®, Belt ® and botanical extracts of Almond Extract, @3.00%, Walnut Extract @3.00 on seasonal plots of Pea plant at Baltistan region during 201516.The treatments were applied at their calculated doses, when 3-5 leaves per plant were emerged in the experimental plot. After application of treatments data were taken as by counting number of damaged leaves per plant from selected five pea plant in each plot. Data were noted as damaged leaves per plant after 1st week, 2nd week, 3rd week, 4th week and 5th week respectively. Overall percent damage per plant by Pea Leaf Miner, showed that statistically all the treatments were non-significant to each other but significantly different from control plot. Seasonal mean percent damage was the highest (9.12%) in the check plot while lowest percent damage (2.83%) was recorded from the plot treated with CURACRON® followed by Belt ®, Almond Extract, @3.00% and Walnut Extract @3.00 (2.93, 4.26 and 4.32 %) respectively. Population trend in relation with temperature revealed that there was a positive significant correlation (p<0.005) was found between population and temperature as every increase or decrease in temperature, showed fluctuation in the population of leaf miner in Baltistan region.
Therapeutic Effect of Gallic Acid Against Paraquat-Induced Lung Injury in Rat

Background: Paraquat (PQ), a potent herbicide, is extremely toxic to humans when exposed orally and it is known to induce lung injury via a redox cyclic reaction. Objectives: The current study aimed at examining the effect of gallic acid (GA), a polyphenolic compound, which is a constituent of plant-derived foods, against PQ-induced lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in association with its antioxidant activity. Methods: Male rats were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups each containing 14 rats. Group 1 received normal saline for 21 days. Group 2 received a single dose of oral administration of PQ (50 mg/kg, only on first day) for 21 days. Groups 3 to 5 were treated with different doses of GA after PQ ingestion for 21 days. Seven animals from each group were sacrificed on the days 7 and 21. Results: The results showed that paraquat gavage, significantly enhanced the inflammatory and fibrotic modifications, hydroxyproline (HP), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), main proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 as a pro-fibrotic mediator in lung tissue. It also, significantly diminished enzymatic antioxidant amounts such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and non-enzymatic amounts such as glutathione (GSH) content in the rat lung tissue. However, after GA treatment all of these biochemical indices were diminished with a dose dependent manner and histopathological alterations were also close to normal status. Conclusions: The current study indicated that the GA improved the PQ-induced lung injury and prevented the process of pulmonary fibrosis via its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties.
How Does the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation Affect the Boreal Winter Tropospheric Circulation in CMIP5/6 Models?

Using 17 CMIP5 and CMIP6 models with a spontaneously generated quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO)-like phenomenon, this study explores and evaluates three dynamical pathways for impacts of the QBO on the troposphere: 1) the Holtan–Tan (HT) effect on the stratospheric polar vortex and the northern annular mode (NAM), 2) the subtropical zonal wind downward arching over the Pacific, and 3) changes in local convection over the Maritime Continent and Indo-Pacific Ocean. More than half of the models can reproduce at least one of the three pathways, but few models can reproduce all of the three routes. First, seven models are able to simulate a weakened polar vortex during easterly QBO (EQBO) winters, in agreement with the HT effect in the reanalysis. However, the weakened polar vortex response during EQBO winters is underestimated or not present at all in other models, and hence the chain for QBO, vortex, and tropospheric NAM/AO is not simulated. For the second pathway associated with the downward arching of the QBO winds, 10 models simulate an inconsistent extratropical easterly anomaly center over 20°–40°N in the Pacific sector during EQBO, and hence the negative relative vorticity anomalies poleward of the easterly center is not present in those models, leading to no consensus on the height response over the North Pacific between those models and the reanalysis. However, the other seven models do capture this effect. The third pathway is only observed in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, where the strong climatological deep convection and the warm pool are situated. Seven models can simulate the convection anomalies associated with the QBO over the Maritime Continent, which is likely caused by the near-tropopause low buoyancy frequency anomalies. No robust relationship between the QBO and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events can be established using the JRA55 reanalysis, and 10 models consistently confirm little modulation of the ocean basinwide Walker circulation and ENSO events by the QBO.
Spawning Migration of Wild and Supplementary Stocked Landlocked Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)

Upstream migration by adult salmonids is impeded by dams in many regulated rivers, as is the case for landlocked Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in the River Klarälven, Sweden. There, the salmon cannot reach the spawning grounds due to the presence of eight dams. Hence, hatchery‐reared smolts are released downstream of the dams, and upstream migrating spawners are caught in a trap at the lowermost dam before transported by truck to the spawning grounds past the dams. To identify the spawning grounds and compare the behavior of wild and hatchery‐reared Atlantic salmon during upstream migration and spawning, 34 wild and 28 hatchery‐reared, radio‐tagged Atlantic salmon were followed during their spawning migration from August to October 2011. Half (50%) of the hatchery fish, but only 11,8% of the wild fish ended up as fallbacks, i.e. they migrated past the first downstream power station, and did not spawn. A significantly higher proportion (21.4%) of hatchery‐ reared salmon moved in an erratic way, with several up and down stream movements, when compared to the wild salmon (5.9%). When looking at the salmon that stayed in the river (exc. fallbacks), wild individuals exhibited a holding behavior (little or no movements before presumed spawning) more often (86.7%) than the reared ones (50%). The wild salmon also held position (and presumably spawned) for longer time (25.4 days) than the reared salmon (16.1 days). Reared salmon held position, on average, 10 km further upstream than wild salmon, passing the presumed best‐quality spawning habitat. The migration speed (average 17.4 km/day) between two logger stations did not differ between wild and reared fish or between sexes. Our results suggest that the reproductive success of hatchery‐reared Atlantic salmon is relatively low and their capacity as supplementary spawners to the wild population in the Klarälven, is probably small. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pengaruh Sistem Pengendalian Intern Pemerintah Dan Ketersediaan Anggaran Terhadap Efektivitas Penerapan Sistem Informasi Keuangan Daerah Pada Pemerintah Provinsi dan Kabupaten/Kota Se-Sumatera Utara

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh SPIP (Sistem Pengendalian Intern Pemerintah) dan ketersediaan anggaran terhadap efektivitas penerapan sistem informasi keuangan daerah baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis data kuantitatif. Objek pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh Pemerintah Daerah pada Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Sampling yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode sampling jenuh. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pendistribusian kuesioner. Sedangkan teknik analisis data adalah menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda yang diproses menggunakan perangkat lunak statistik SPSS.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SPIP tidak berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas penerapan sistem informasi keuangan daerah. Sementara ketersediaan anggaran berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas penerapan sistem informasi keuangan daerah. Dan secara simultan SPIP dan ketersediaan anggaran berpengaruh terhadap efektifitas penerapan sistem informasi keuangan daerah
Description of the postembryonic stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg, 1896) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae)

Abstract The nymphs I, II, III, and adult male and adult female stages of Mulcticola macrocephalus (Kellogg) (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera: Philopteridae), a monoxenous species of chewing louse infesting common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor (Forster) (Caprimulgiformes: Caprimulgidae), in North America, are described. Line drawings of whole nymphs and adults are presented, as are details of anterior dorsal head plates, metasternal plates, female subvulvar plates, and male genitalia. Ontogenetic characters exhibited during the postembryonic development of this species of chewing louse are described and discussed in relation to previous information in the literature.