Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Sinu-atrial Nodal Artery in the Nepalese Cadavers

DOI: 10.21276/sjmps.2017. 3.12. 4 Abstract: Cardiac problems are encountered in the clinic more nowadays. Many of the cardiac problems and procedures have impact on the Sinu-atrial nodal artery which is the pace-maker of the heart. Variations of Sinu-atrial nodal artery and its knowledge is must in understanding cardiac problems and conducting clinical practices. Thirty hearts from the cadavers were taken for the study. The hearts were dissected, Sino-atrial nodal artery were exposed and analyzed. Sinu-Atrial nodal artery did not arise from arteries other than the right coronary artery. The level of origin differed in different specimens. In 10% of the specimens, it originated from the length interval of 6-10 mm, in 40% from the length interval of 11-15 mm, in 23.33% from the length interval of 16-20 mm, in 13.33% from the length interval of 21-25 mm and in 10% from the length interval of 26-30 mm from the origin of right coronay artery. In one of the specimen it was found to originate from the right coronary artery at a length of 55mm from its origin which was near the inferior margin of the heart. The course was retrocaval in all of the specimens. No extra origin of the artery was found.
Factors Associated with Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Insomnia during COVID-19 Outbreak among Nursing Students

COVID -19 is a new strain of SARS disease. It is showing the devastating effects globally. The disease not only affects physical health but has emerged many psychological and mental problems in general public as well as nursing students. The objective of this study was to assess the factors associated with perceived stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia during COVID-19 outbreak among nursing students. The research was conducted at Nobel College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu. The cross sectional descriptive study design was adopted by using digitalization structured self administered questionnaire. In total, 184 nursing students had participated in the online survey by using total enumerative sampling technique. The survey questionnaire consists of 45 items. Structured standard tool, DASS (Depression, anxiety, stress scale) and ISI (Insomnia Index Scale) was used. The obtained data were coded, entered and analyzed by using IBM SPSS (Statistical package for Social Science) 21 version for the descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of the respondents had normal level of depression 77.71% and normal level of Anxiety 71.73%. Similarly, 93.47% had normal level of stress respectively. Likewise, 47.28% had no clinically significant level of insomnia. This study also found that 58.7% of respondents become stressed while reading and hearing news on increasing COVID -19 cases. Similarly, 44.4% of respondents said that a long duty hour makes them stressful. Other factors of stress in nursing students during COVID-19 pandemic were spending a lot of money on recharge for mobile data 36.4% for the online classes. And fear of delay in graduation 29.9%. There was a statistical difference between the score of depression with age (p=.016), marital status (p=.015) and residence (p=.005) and score of insomnia with age (p=.013), marital status (p =.009), residence (p=.015), score of anxiety with age (p=.047), marital status (p=.005) at the 5% level of significance by using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U test. In conclusion, the nurse educator should plan and organize educational program for nursing students periodically, in order to prepare them to cope up with any stressful situations.
The Nexus betweenWorking Capital Management and Financial Performance: A Case of Listed Construction and AlliedFirms in Kenya

Working capital management plays a crucial role in a firm’s success or failure because of its effects on an organization’s financial performance and liquidity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of working capital management on the financial performance of construction and allied firms listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya. The study addressed the following specific objectives: the effects of average collection period on profit after tax and return on equity, effects of cash conversion cycle and profit before tax and return on assets and the effects of average payment period on earnings per share.The study employed a descriptive research design. The study targeted a population of all five construction and allied firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange as at 31 st December 2017. Thus, census survey was used. A checklist was used to collect data. Data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The study concluded that there was a significant positive relationship between average collection period and after-tax profit and return on equity while the cash conversion cycle had a moderate positive correlation with the firms’ profit before tax and a strong positive correlation with return on assets. However, the study revealed a weak positive correlation between average payment period and earnings per share. Based on the findings, it is therefore recommended that, average collection period and cash conversion cycle should be given more weight than the average payment period when making decisions related to financial performance of listed construction and allied firms in Kenya.
Thermal analgesia, exploring the boundary between pain relief and nociception using a novel pulsed heating device (Preprint)

Rational: Heat is a well-accepted pain reliever, but questions remain about significant fundamentals such as optimal temperature, time of onset and duration of effect. This study compared the delivery of two levels of thermal energy to a control condition and examined onset, analgesia, and duration. Objectives: A randomized blinded controlled three arm trial compared the analgesic response to heat delivered via pulses at 4 pulses/minute at 45°C (N=30) versus heat delivered via pulses at 2 pulses/minute at 45°C (N=49) to steady heat at 37°C (N=51) in subjects with longstanding low back pain. Treatment lasted 30 minutes with followup out to four hours. The hypothesis was that the highest energy group (4 pulses/minute) would receive improved analgesia compared to the other groups. Time of onset and duration of effect was also measured. Findings: Reduction in pain was greater for the both the Initial Group (2 pulses per minute) and the High Energy Group (4 pulses per minute) as compared to the control group (steady heat). The High Energy group (reduced pain for 180 minutes as compared to the Initial Study group that reduced pain for 120 minutes. Conclusion: High level pulsed heat 45°C at 4 pulses per minute produced significantly longer analgesia as compared to pulsed heat 45°C at 2 pulses per minute, and steady heat at 37°C. Pain relief was rapid, with an onset of analgesia < 5 minutes. The results suggest that there is a dose relationship between thermal energy delivered and duration of analgesia with the upper limit likely defined as the analgesic nociceptive boundary. The results provide some important insights into the analgesic effect of heat in humans.
Retinopathy of Prematurity: Analysis of Demographic and Clinical Profiles, Incidence, Risk Factors and Treatment Outcome

This is a prospective, unmasked and interventional study. The 207 premature babies were examined for incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), foetal and maternal risk factors to design an effective screening program for ROP. Further, the efficacy of the modes of treatment were evaluated. Preterm neonates with birth weight ≤ 1500 grams and/or gestation age ≤ 32 weeks; and selected patients with birth weight between 1500 to 2000 grams, or gestational age > 32 weeks but ≤ 35 weeks with unstable clinical course were included in the study. The incidence of any stage of ROP in this study was 21.26%. Majority of patients (84.1%) with ROP developed mild forms of ROP (stage 1 and 2) without plus disease and regressed spontaneous during observation. On univariate analysis, the significant risk factors predisposing to ROP were low gestation age, low birth weight, respiratory distress, unmonitored oxygen supplementation, sepsis, blood transfusion, surfactant use and metabolic acidosis. Maternal risk factor was pregnancy induced hypertension. On multivariate analysis, unmonitored oxygen exposure was the only independent risk factor for ROP. The 15.9% of ROP cases required treatment, and the majority were treated with Diode laser photocoagulation to avascular retina. Intravitreal Bevacizumab was used in 2 cases of AP-ROP in zone 1. Retinopathy in all the five patients regressed.
In vitro Fermentation of Structural Carbohydrate-Rich Feeds Using Faecal Inoculum from Pigs

Seven feeds were tested in vitro using faecal inoculum from pigs. Sugar beet pulp, wheat bran, soybean hulls, grapecake, glutamic beet pulp, citrus by-product and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) were fermented for 96 h. Cumulative gas production was measured as indicator of the fermentation kinetics. At the end of incubation organic matter disappearance and fermentation end-products (short-chain fatty acids and NH3) were also measured. The gas production profiles were fitted with a multi-phasic model. Significant differences were detected between grapecake and FOS: the very low gas production for the first one was probably due to the high lignin and tannins contents of this by-product, while the higher organic matter cumulative gas volume (OMCV) and organic matter disappearance (OMD) values for FOS were due to the high soluble fibre proportion. Soybean hulls and citrus by-product, showed similar values of degradability and gas production and were characterised by different fermentation profiles. Grapecake showed the lower fermentation, while citrus by-product was characterized high gas and short-chain fatty acids production. These characteristics could be particularly useful to optimize the caecum-colon fermentation in order to obtain a high butyrate acid production.
PII: S1369-8478(98)00003-5

The study aimed to determine, irrespective of driver licence status, whether young drivers with trac conviction records at age 21 years diered from those without, with respect to prior personal characteristics measured around the minimum age of licensure (presently 15 years in New Zealand). From a broad range of psychological and social factors, the strongest and most stable predictors were male gender, part time work, rural residence, marijuana use, estimated driving exposure during the follow up period, and early motorcycle riding. Experiences of riding as a passenger with young drivers or with an alcohol intoxicated adult driver were also signi®cant predictors. Some road safety implications are considered. # 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Variation and Change in the Particle Verb Alternation across English Dialects

This paper examines regional and grammatical effects on the English particle verb alternation. We report on an acceptability judgment experiment and a Twitter corpus study designed to address Hughes et al.’s (2005) claim that the VPO order (She turned off the light) is favored in Scotland while the VOP (She turned the light off) order is favored in Southern England. The results from both the judgment study and the Twitter corpus revealed no support for a North-South difference across UK dialects, but instead show a trans-Atlantic difference: respondents from the UK and Ireland favored VOP orders, while US participants favored VPO orders, and Canadians were intermediate between the two. Evidence from the Brown corpus and the Corpus of Historical American English suggests that this difference reflects change toward an innovative VOP order that has proceeded more quickly in Old World dialects than in North America. The results contrast with previous findings that changes toward more “colloquial” word orders across English varieties are being led by American dialects, and support skepticism toward such a process as a general principle governing divergence of global Englishes.
Anarchy is what states make of it: the social construction of power politics

The debate between realists and liberals has reemerged as an axis of contention in international relations theory. Revolving in the past around competing theories of human nature, the debate is more concerned today with the extent to which state action is influenced by “structure” (anarchy and the distribution of power) versus “process” (interaction and learning) and institutions. Does the absence of centralized political authority force states to play competitive power politics? Can international regimes overcome this logic, and under what conditions? What in anarchy is given and immutable, and what is amenable to change?
Perception of partly occluded objects: A microgenetic analysis.

The sensory information specifying objects is often optically incomplete : Objects occlude parts of themselves and other objects. However, people rarely experience difficulty in perceiving complete 3-dimensional forms. This report describes a paradigm for the objective study of completion effects and their microgenesis. A well-known priming method was extended to determine whether a partly occluded object produces priming effects more like one of its possible interpretations than like another. For prime durations > 200 ms, a partly occluded object produces priming effects equivalent to its complete interpretation. The results provide objective evidence for the perceptual completion of partly occluded objects and imply that the complete interpretation develops over time, possibly proceeding through a preliminary mosaic interpretation
Asymptotic Properties of the Least Squares Method for Estimating Transfer Functions and Disturbance Spectra

The problem of estimating the transfer function of a linear system, together with the spectral density of an additive disturbance, is considered. The set of models used consists of linear rational transfer functions and the spectral densities are estimated from a finite-order autoregressive disturbance description. The true system and disturbance spectrum are, however, not necessarily of finite order. We investigate the properties of the estimates obtained as the number of observations tends to ∞ at the same time as the model order employed tends to ∞ . It is shown that the estimates are strongly consistent and asymptotically normal, and an expression for the asymptotic variances is also given. The variance of the transfer function estimate at a certain frequency is related to the signal/noise ratio at that frequency and the model orders used, as well as the number of observations. The variance of the noise spectral estimate relates in a similar way to the squared value of the true spectrum.
Homogeneous models with phase transition: coupling by finite volume methods

We study two separate domains sharing a fixed interface. In ea ch one, a different hyperbolic model is used to describe the flow. We propose approp riate conditions at the interface in a way to obtain a coherent description of the unsteady flow a ccording to physical considerations. The problem we consider is the coupling of the homogen eous equilibrium model and the homogeneous relaxation model. Several coupling condition s are described and illustrated by numerical results. RÉSUMÉ. On étudie le problème modèle du couplage de deux systèmes hyp rboliques séparés par une interface fixe, les deux systèmes étant différents. N ous proposons des conditions de couplage pour obtenir des écoulements instationnaires coh érents avec des principes physiques. Les modèles considérés ici sont, d’un côté, le modèle homogè ne à l’équilibre, et, de l’autre côté, le modèle homogène de relaxation. Différentes straté gies de couplage sont proposées et comparées numériquement.
Tests of the list-strength effect in recognition memory.

The list-strength effect arises when increasing the strength of some items in a list reduces memory for the remaining items. Here the list-strength effect was investigated under conditions of rapid visual presentation. Randomized and blocked formats were used for the mixed lists. Performance was measured with both yes-no and forced-choice recognition procedures. Overall no evidence for a list-strength effect in recognition was found except under conditions that may promote reverse rehearsal borrowing. Two experiments were conducted to determine why performance on the yes-no tests was greater than on the forced-choice tests.
Rapid reacquisition in conditioning of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response.

Reacquisition after extinction often appears faster than original acquisition. However, data from conditioned suppression studies indicate that this effect may arise from spontaneous recovery and reinstatement of unextinguished contextual stimuli related to the unconditioned stimulus (US). In the present experiments using the rabbit nictitating membrane preparation, spontaneous recovery was eradicated before reaquisition training. US contextual stimuli were controlled by retaining the US during extinction through explicit unpairings of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and US. Attempts were also made to drive the associative strength of the CS into the inhibitory region by differential conditioning and conditioned inhibition procedures. In all cases, reacquisition was very rapid in comparison with a rest control. The results are discussed with respect to their implications for CS and US processing models of conditioning.
Genomic diversity of Salmonella enterica -The UoWUCC 10K genomes project

Background: Most publicly available genomes of Salmonella enterica are from human disease in the US and the UK, or from domesticated animals in the US. Methods: Here we describe a historical collection of 10,000 strains isolated between 1891-2010 in 73 different countries. They encompass a broad range of sources, ranging from rivers through reptiles to the diversity of all S. enterica isolated on the island of Ireland between 2000 and 2005. Genomic DNA was isolated, and sequenced by Illumina short read sequencing. Results: The short reads are publicly available in the Short Reads Archive. They were also uploaded to EnteroBase, which assembled and annotated draft genomes. 9769 draft genomes which passed quality control were genotyped with multiple levels of multilocus sequence typing, and used to predict serovars. Genomes were assigned to hierarchical clusters on the basis of numbers of pair-wise allelic differences in core genes, which were mapped to genetic Lineages within phylogenetic trees. Conclusions: The University of Warwick/University College Cork (UoWUCC) project greatly extends the geographic sources, dates and core genomic diversity of publicly available S. enterica genomes. We illustrate these features by an overview of core genomic Lineages within 33,000 publicly available Salmonella genomes whose strains were isolated before 2011. We also present detailed examinations of HC400, HC900 and HC2000 hierarchical clusters within exemplar Lineages, including serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis and Mbandaka. These analyses confirm the polyphyletic nature of multiple serovars while showing that discrete clusters with geographical specificity can be reliably recognized by hierarchical clustering approaches. The results also demonstrate that the genomes sequenced here provide an important counterbalance to the sampling bias which is so dominant in current genomic sequencing.
A Comparison of Laryngeal Mask Airway-Supreme (LMAs) and Endotracheal Tube (ETT) as Airway Device in Adult Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery

Background and objective: The Laryngeal Mask Airway-Supreme is a single-use supraglottic airway device that offers gastric access. The present study compares the safety and efficacy of LMA Supreme with Endotracheal tube (ETT) in adult patients undergoing laparoscopic procedures. Methods: In this prospective study eighty patients of either sex, ASA grade I & II, were randomly assigned to LMA-Supreme and ETT for airway management and intraoperative ventilation. After induction of general anesthesia, devices were inserted, correct placement was verified, airway leak was noted, and a gastric tube was inserted. Insertion success rates and time, ventilatory capability, efficacy of seal, risk of gastric distension and hemodynamic responses were investigated. Results: The insertion of LMA-S was comparatively easier and required lesser time for insertion than ETT.Ventilation parameters and airway pressure during peritoneal insufflations, for LMA-S and ETT were comparable.LMA-S and ETT show similar efficacy during laparoscopic surgery with controlled ventilation. No gastric distension or signs of regurgitation were detected in both groups. The hemodynamic responses to insertion and removal were greater for the ETT than LMA-S.Complications or pharyngo-laryngeal morbidity was less with LMA-S as compared to ETT. Conclusions: The LMA-S is a safe, efficacious and easy-to-use, supraglottic airway device during general anaesthesia for normal as well as laparoscopic procedure. It provides a functional airway seal with minimum adverse events.
Effect of boron-sulphur interaction on their uptake and quality parameters of mustard (Brassica juncdea L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Greenhouse experiment was conducted with a soil (Typic Haplustalf) deficient in boron and sulphur to study the effect of interaction between B and S on their uptake and quality parameters of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The interaction effect between boron and sulphur significantly and synergistically influenced the dry matter and seed yields of both the crops, which were observed the highest at 60 mg kg −1 of S in conjunction with 2 mg kg −1 of boron. The oil and protein contents of sunflower and mustard were significantly and synergistically improved by the application of both sulphur and boron.
Repression and Self-Presentation - When Audiences Interfere with Self-Deceptive Strategies

To defend against threatening feedback, one may avoid and ignore it, or one may dwell on it and think of refutations. Repressors who received threatening feedback privately spent the least amount of time reading it, whereas repressors who received the same feedback publicly spent a long time reading it. Thus, the audience prevented repressors from ignoring threatening feedback; instead, they thought and worried about the partner's (bad) impression of them. Nonrepressors were unaffected by the favorability of the evaluation or the public nature of the situation. Repressors showed superior recall for the few bits of threatening information embedded in a generally favorable evaluation, suggesting that they are especially sensitive when their defenses are down.
Effects of Processing on Some Chemical Properties of the Leaves of the Drumstick Tree ( Moringa oleifera )

The effects of boiling and drying on some chemical properties of the drumstick tree ( Moringa oleifera ) were determined. One batch of fresh Moringa leaves was boiled in distilled water, while another batch was dried in the shade, at a temperature of 30 – 34 o C. Both batches were milled and some chemical properties (proximate composition, mineral composition and toxicant contents) were determined, with the raw fresh leaves as control. There was significant (p < 0.05) decrease in all the nutrients, mineral content and toxicant levels in the boiled leaves with values reducing from 8.24 – 6.56 g/100 g for protein, 1.56 – 0.82 g/100 g for fat, 12.84 – 8.26 g/100 g for carbohydrates, 6540 – 5138 mg/100 g for total carotenoids and 240.36 – 46.78 mg/100 g for vitamin C. Drying significantly (p < 0.05) increased nutrient and mineral contents from 8.24 to 27.82 g/100 g for protein, 1.56 to 2.10 g/100 g for fat, and 12.84 to 38.20 g / 100 g for carbohydrate. Toxicants decreased from 14.83 to 7.42 mg/100 g for total phenols, 16.48 to 14.64 mg/100 g for phytates, 98.68 to 22.14 mg/100 g for oxalates and 7.34 to 1.22 mg/100 g for HCN in the dried leaf sample, as compared with the raw leaves.