Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eco-Friendly Microbial Fungicide of Bacillus spp., Trichoderma album, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Rhizoctonia solani, the Causal Agent of Potato Black Scurf Disease

Microbial biocontrol agents against Rhizoctonia solani (Rh), the causal agent of potato black scurf disease investigated. Endophyte Bacillus subtilis (Bac1 and Bac2), the fungal bioagents Trichoderma album , and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of R. solani using the dual culture technique. Four isolates of R. solani from infected potato tubers were collected from different areas in Alexandria and Behira governorates. All fungal isolates were identified by microscopy and confirmed with distinct morphologies. Molecular identification, DNA isolation, and ITS amplification were carried out on the tested R. solani isolates. The pathogenicity test of the R. solani isolates approved their ability to inhibit radish seeds germination on the water agar media compared to the control treatment in which the % of seed germination was 100%. Pathogenicity on potato plants also confirmed the isolates' potential. Isolate R. solani (Rh1) outperformed the others in terms of pathogenicity, severity on Cara and Spunta cultivars were 87.5% and 81.25%, respectively. As well, the Rh1 isolate exceeds the other isolates in increasing the colored area of potato leaves of the Cara cultivar. Co-culturing B. subtilis and R . solani isolate on PDA resulted in high inhibition rates for all isolates. T. album exhibited inhibition of all R . solani isolates tested on PDA at the rate of 2 according to the scale of Bell et. al., 1982. Scanning electron micrographs showed that T. album hyphae aggregated, penetrated, and deformed the hyphae of R. solani. S. cerevisiae was demonstrated to inhibit all isolates of R. solani on PDA medium when compared to the control treatment, which had a rate of inhibition of 0.00%. Thus, the current study demonstrated the efficacy of endophytes B. subtilis , T. album , and S. cerevisiae in limiting R. solani growth in vitro .
Task Commitment, Learning Creativity, and Learning Outcome During Online Learning: The Study on Taxation Course

The spread of covid-19 has changed the learning situation from face-to-face to online learning. As a developing country, Indonesia faces many challenges in online learning, such as a lack of infrastructure (both internet connection and hardware/device) and inadequate experience with e-learning. Therefore, exploring the additional factor that can help students promote the learning outcome during online learning situations is necessary. This study aims to examine the task commitment and learning creativity on students' learning outcomes during online learning. This study used 61 participants that were taken randomly and multiple regression to examine the research hypotheses. The result shows that task commitment and learning creativity positively predict student learning outcomes. Task commitment and learning creativity are critical in promoting students' learning outcomes during online learning. The result provided an understanding, especially how to help students to promote the learning outcome during online learning in the developing country. © 2022, North American Business Press. All rights reserved.
Infinitely divisible sequences

Abstract Sequences and related by the system of equations occur frequently in a number of areas of mathematics, and when they do one is often interested in relating the asymptotic behaviours of the two sequences. In probability theory sequences n , which arise when one has the added conditions b0 > 0 and aj⩾ 0, often occur. In this paper we characterize the class of sequences n that can arise in this way. We also examine the asymptotic behaviour of these sequences and prove, in particular, a sufficient condition for the convergence of n to a non zero limit. Our results admit interpretations in a number of fields. For example renewal sequences fit this pattern and the renewal theorem with finite mean recurrence time is a special case of our convergence theorem.
Bounds, Breaks and Unit Root Tests

The paper addresses the unit root testing when the range of the time series is limited and considering the presence of multiple structural breaks. The structural breaks can affect the level and/or the boundaries of the time series. The paper proposes five unit root test statistics, whose limiting distribution is shown to depend on the number and position of the structural breaks. The performance of the statistics is investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations.
Symmetry Groupoids and Admissible Vector Fields for Coupled Cell Networks

The space of admissible vector fields, consistent with the structure of a network of coupled dynamical systems, can be specified in terms of the network's symmetry groupoid. The symmetry groupoid also determines the robust patterns of synchrony in the network – those that arise because of the network topology. In particular, synchronous cells can be identified in a canonical manner to yield a quotient network. Admissible vector fields on the original network induce admissible vector fields on the quotient, and any dynamical state of such an induced vector field can be lifted to the original network, yielding an analogous state in which certain sets of cells are synchronized. In the paper, necessary and sufficient conditions are specified for all admissible vector fields on the quotient to lift in this manner. These conditions are combinatorial in nature, and the proof uses invariant theory for the symmetric group. Also the symmetry groupoid of a quotient is related to that of the original network, and it is shown that there is a close analogy with the usual normalizer symmetry that arises in group‐equivariant dynamics.
COMBINING ABILITY AND STABILITY ANALYSIS IN SPRING WHEAT UNDER FOUR LEVELS OF SOIL AVAILABLE WATER

: Thirty six genotypes ( 8 parents and their 28 F 1 crosses ) were evaluated for days to heading, plant height, grain yield/plant and 1000–grain weight under four levels of soil available water ( 25, 50, 75 and 100%) over two years. Highly significant differences among parents, F 1 crosses and parents vs. crosses over two years and over all environments were obtained for all studied traits. Also, genotype x irrigation interaction was highly significant for all traits. Year x genotype x irrigation interaction was highly significant for all traits, except days to heading. Decreasing the level of soil available water reduced number of days from sowing to heading, plant height, grain yield/plant and 1000-grain weight. Drought tolerance index (DTI) and drought susceptibility index (DSI) were estimated for grain yield/plant. The parents P 1 and P 5 were relatively drought tolerant. The crosses ( P 1 x P 5 ), (P 1 x P 8 ), (P 3 x P 8 ) and ( P 4 x P 6 ) displayed DSI values less than one and they were relatively tolerant to drought . General (GCA) and specific ( SCA) combining ability variances were highly significant for all studied traits. The ratio of GCA to SCA was more than one for days to heading, indicating that additive gene effect played a major role in the inheritance for this trait. The stability analysis for grain yield revealed that the intermediate yielding parents P 2 , P 3 and P 4 were stable and ranged in yield/plant from 13.51 to 17.29g. The crosses including P 2 and P 4 were stable. The cross (P 4 x P 6 ) was relatively tolerant to drought and stable for grain yield/plant. In addition, it could be considered as the best cross combination for all studied traits under different levels of soil available water. This cross could be used in a breeding program for drought tolerance.
The "Bradman Class": An Exploration of Some Issues in the Evaluation of Batsmen for Test Matches, 1877-2006

The assessment of batsmen in cricket is largely based upon their average score: a Test average of 50 or over provides a rule-of-thumb for distinguishing great players from the merely good; Donald Bradman, with the highest Test average ever achieved (99.94), is generally regarded as the greatest of all batsmen even though many of his other achievements have been eclipsed. However, a ranking based on simple averages suffers from two defects. First, it does not take into account the consistency of scores across innings: a batsman might have a high career average but with low scores interspersed with high ones; another might have a lower average but with much less variation in his scores. Second, it pays no attention to the value of the players runs to the team: arguably, a century, when the total score is 600, has less value compared to a half-century in an innings total of, say, 200. The purpose of this paper is to suggest new ways of computing batting averages which, by addressing these deficiencies, complement the existing method and present a more complete picture of batsmens performance. Based on these "new" averages, the paper offers a revised ranking of the top fifty batsmen in the history of Test cricket.
Determinants of Family Resilience in Female-Headed Families on the North Coast of Java

This study analyzes the relationship between religiosity, education, and social support to family resilience in women-headed households. Family resilience is an exciting issue discussed today, seeing the fragility of the couple's understanding based on the family itself. It is essential because it protects from life problems and difficulties arising from the internal or external family, including groups, environments, communities, and countries. The results of this study contribute to efforts to increase family resilience, especially in women-headed homes, because family resilience is the main foundation in realizing community resilience as one of the efforts to boost national development. The power of national development is sourced to families as small groups in society. Thus, an in-depth study of the factors that affect family resilience to create a prosperous family, resistance, and continuity of national development is needed. The research method uses a quantitative approach and collects data using surveys of 15-20 women-headed households in Sayung, Demak. Data analysis is carried out with Validity Test, Reliability Test, and Regression Analysis using SPSS software. This study showed that education positively and significantly affects family resilience. In contrast, religiosity and social support have a positive and insignificant impact. The government can be used as a reference in decision-making to help economic resilience in women-headed households by making programs to increase family resilience in economics.
An ATCA radio‐continuum study of the Small Magellanic Cloud – V. Long‐slit optical spectroscopy of supernova remnants and confirmation of a new candidate supernova remnant

We present optical long-slit spectra and estimated line ratios for 11 of the 16 known radio supernova remnants (SNRs) in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) using observations made with the 2.3-m Advanced Technology Telescope and double-beam spectrograph at Siding Springs Observatory in Australia. We also present spectra and estimated line ratios for a twelfth source, a previously reported candidate radio SNR, J004100−733648. Our new data for this source confirm its classification as a SNR. We find that these shocks show no evolutionary trends, implying that reported relationships between diameter and line ratios may instead be due to selection effects. We have also used the estimated line ratios in the spectra of these SNRs ‐ which we assume to be dominated by the interstellar medium (ISM) at this stage of their evolution ‐ to derive an estimate of 10 −4 (based on oxygen to hydrogen ratio) for the abundances of metals in the ISM of the SMC. This value is in general agreement with other values previously published in the literature.
Gastric protective effect of Alpinia officinarum flavonoids: mediating TLR4/NF-κB and TRPV1 signalling pathways and gastric mucosal healing

Abstract Context Our previous studies have found that total flavonoid of Alpinia officinarum Hance (Zingiberaceae) (F.AOH) had protective effects on gastric ulcer (GU). Objective To investigate the protective mechanism of F.AOH on acetic acid-induced chronic GUs in rats and ethanol-induced GES-1 cells damage. Materials and methods In vivo: Gastric damage was induced in SD rats by administering acetic acid after oral treatment with F-AOH at 54, 27 and 13.5 mg/kg (2 weeks of continuous gavage). After a comprehensive evaluation of rats’ serum and gastric tissue-related indicators, gene transcriptome sequencing, qPCR and Western blotting were used to investigate the mechanism further. In vivo: GES-1 cells were incubated with F-AOH (8, 4 and 2 μg/mL) for 16 h and treated with 7% ethanol for 4 h. Transwell and flow cytometry were employed to detect migration and apoptosis of cells. Results F.AOH effectively reduced the area of GUs in rats (from 11.2 ± 1.89 to 2.19 ± 0.95), reversing ethanol-induced cells apoptosis (from 23 ± 1.3 to 8.11 ± 0.93%). It also inhibited the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and iNOS proteins, decreasing the levels of TNF-α IL-6 in serum, improving oxidative stress levels and increasing the expression of Bcl-2/Bax dimer genes. In addition, 4005 differentially expressed genes between the acetic acid model and the drug groups. Through experimental verification, F.AOH can inhibit the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway and TRPV1 receptor. Conclusions F.AOH, as an effective gastric protective plant component, had potential therapeutic value in anti-inflammatory pain and antioxidative stress gastrointestinal diseases.
PARETO SALES NETWORK ASSET AS CRITICAL SOURCES OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE : A RESOURCE-BASED VIEW PERSPECTIVE

Relationship skills can create a sales network and become an important part of a company to increase competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to identify the inconsistency of the relationship between relational capability in competitive advantage and Pareto sales network assets as a mediator. The sample of this study came from food and beverage SME owners around the city of Semarang, Central Java. Respondent data was collected from 202 small and medium business sectors through questionnaires and interviews. This study used SEM-PLS for analysis. The results of the study found that (1) relational capability had a positive and significant effect on Pareto sales network assets; (2) relational capability has a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage; (3) Pareto sales network assets have a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage; (4) the greater the influence of relational capability on competitive advantage through Pareto sales network assets. The role of Pareto sales network assets has the potential to be a high leverage for competitive advantage in SMEs.
Biochemical and Biological Impact of Lemon and Kumquat(Citrus Limon and Citrus Japonica) on Hypercholeserolemic Rats

: Hypercholesterolemia is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, thus, this current study held to explore the positive effects of kumquat and Limon (peel and whole) adiposity and biochemical parameters in rats with hypercholesterolemia, as well as assessed the sensory properties of baked cookies containing 5% doses of kumquat and lemon(both peel and whole) . Thirty male albino rats were administered a basal diet as (control negative -ve) group of 5 rats each ; group (2) administered on hypercholesterolemic diet and the remaining groups(3 th ,4 th ,5 th ,6 th ) administered diet containing 5% kumquat and5% lemon (both peel and whole) with hypercholesterolemic diet for four weeks.
Serum concentrations of corticosterone and sex hormones and their relationship in farmed Morelet’s crocodile (Crocodylus moreletii)

31 Background: Crocodile farming aims to produce high-quality skins from captive 32 crocodilians. Captivity usually exposes the animals to stressful conditions, resulting in 33 increased serum corticosterone (CORT) levels that correlate negatively with those of sex 34 hormones and reproductive success. Objective: To evaluate serum concentrations of CORT 35 and sex hormones and their relationship in farmed Morelet’s crocodiles ( Crocodylus 36 moreletii ), in the non-breeding (NBS) and breeding (BS) seasons. Methods: The study 37 included 59 adult crocodiles (29 females, 30 males). One blood sample was collected in 38 NBS (n = 31) and BS (n = 28) from each crocodile to determine serum concentrations of 39 CORT, estradiol (E 2 ), progesterone (P 4 ), and testosterone (T). Throughout the study, 40 crocodiles were kept in mixed-sex groups and were fed once or twice a week. Results: In 41 females, CORT was higher (p<0.05) in NBS, but had no correlation (p>0.05) with E 2 or P 4 42 in any season. In males, CORT was similar (p>0.05) in NBS and BS, and had no correlation 43 (p>0.5) with T. Conclusion: Levels of CORT had no effect on sex hormones perhaps 44 because CORT was low as a result of farming conditions that did not expose the animals to 45 severe or chronic stress.
Green and Pleasant Lands: The Affective and Cerebral Hemodynamic Effects of Presence in Virtual Environments During Exercise

Pleasant exercise experiences increase the likelihood of exercise adherence, and innovative strategies to promote consistently pleasant exercise experiences are needed. In this study we compared a novel nature-based virtual reality environment, a nature-based 360° video, and a control condition to test the hypothesis that greater presence in virtual space would promote positive affective experiences during exercise. Moreover, we assessed prefrontal cerebral hemodynamics using near infrared spectroscopy to explore possible neural underpinnings of dissociative strategies during exercise. Twelve participants (M = 26.2, SD = 7.7 years; M BMI = 25.5, SD = 5.2 kg/m2) completed a maximal aerobic test and three exercise conditions (Control, Virtual Reality [VR], and 360° video). The two experimental conditions differed in terms of the participants’ sense of presence (VR eliciting greatest presence), and all conditions utilized similar exercise intensity. The VR condition setting was a virtual mountain forest trail, and the 360° video was of a forest road. The 360° video was perceived as the most distracting (p = .023, d = 1.07), pleasant (p = .007, d = .75), and enjoyable (p = .029; d = .82) condition. ΔHbDiff data indicated that the control condition caused the greatest prefrontal brain activation (p = .008, d = .84). Presence was not a salient factor in distracting participants from bodily sensations during exercise, but immersion in a stimulus was. These results provide support for using head-mounted displays during exercise as a strategy to increase pleasure, with practical implications for practitioners, researchers, and individuals.
A Single Episode of Cortical Spreading Depolarization Increases mRNA Levels of Proinflammatory Cytokines, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Pannexin-1 Channels in the Cerebral Cortex

Cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) is the neuronal correlate of migraine aura and the reliable consequence of acute brain injury. The role of CSD in triggering headaches that follow migraine aura and brain injury remains to be uncertain. We examined whether a single CSD occurring in awake animals modified the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (Il1b, TNF, and Il6) and endogenous mediators of nociception/neuroinflammation-pannexin 1 (Panx1) channel and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) in the cortex. Unilateral microinjury of the somatosensory cortex triggering a single CSD was produced in awake Wistar rats. Three hours later, tissue samples from the lesioned cortex, intact ipsilesional cortex invaded by CSD, and homologous areas of the contralateral sham-treated cortex were harvested and analyzed using qPCR. Three hours post-injury, intact CSD-exposed cortexes increased TNF, Il1b, Panx1, and CGRP mRNA levels. The strongest upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines was observed at the injury site, while CGRP and Panx1 were upregulated more strongly in the intact cortexes invaded by CSD. A single CSD is sufficient to produce low-grade parenchymal neuroinflammation with simultaneous overexpression of Panx1 and CGRP. The CSD-induced molecular changes may contribute to pathogenic mechanisms of migraine pain and post-injury headache.
Comparable Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Basal Fuel Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity in Individuals with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Aim Bariatric surgery improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there is a lack of data comparing the underlying metabolic mechanisms after the 2 most common surgical procedures Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). This study was designed to assess and compare the effects of RYGB and SG on fuel metabolism in the basal state and insulin sensitivity during a two-step euglycemic glucose clamp. Materials and Methods 16 obese individuals with T2D undergoing either RYGB (n = 9) or SG (n = 7) were investigated before and 2 months after surgery, and 8 healthy individuals without obesity and T2D served as controls. All underwent a 2 h basal study followed by a 5 h 2-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp at insulin infusion rates of 0.5 and 1.0 mU/kg LBM/min. Results RYGB and SG induced comparable 15% weight losses, normalized HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and decreased energy expenditure. In parallel, we recorded similar increments (about 100%) in overall insulin sensitivity (M-value) and glucose disposal and similar decrements (about 50%) in endogenous glucose production and FFA levels during the clamp; likewise, basal glucose and insulin concentrations decreased proportionally. Conclusion Our data suggest that RYGB and SG improve basal fuel metabolism and two-step insulin sensitivity in the liver, muscle, and fat and seem equally favourable when investigated 2 months after surgery. This trial is registered with NCT02713555.
Clinical Utility of Boston-CTS and Six-Item CTS Questionnaires in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Associated with Diabetic Polyneuropathy

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most frequent complication of diabetes. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), one of the most common neuropathies, is a chronic compression of the median nerve at the wrist. In our prospective cross-sectional study, we enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes presenting with signs and symptoms suggestive of DPN (n = 53). We aimed to compare two clinical scales: the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ) and the six-item CTS symptoms scale (CTS-6), with nerve conduction studies (NCS) for detecting CTS in patients with DPN. Carpal tunnel syndrome and DPN were clinically evaluated, and the diagnosis was confirmed by NCS. Depending on the NCS parameters, the study group was divided into patients with and without DPN. For each group, we selected patients with CTS confirmed through NCS, and the results were compared with the BCTQ and CTS-6 scales. The clinical evaluation of CTS performed through BCTQ and CTS-6 was statistically significantly different between patients with and without CTS. When comparing the BCTQ questionnaire with the NCS tests, we found area under the curve (AUC) = 0.76 (95% CI 0.65–0.86) in patients with neuropathy and AUC = 0.72 (95% CI 0.55–0.88) in patients without neuropathy. At the same time, the AUC values of the CTS-6 scale were 0.76 (95% CI 0.61–0.88) in patients with neuropathy and 0.70 (95% CI 0.51–0.86) in patients without neuropathy. Using multiple logistic regression, we demonstrated that DPN increased the chances of detecting CTS using the two questionnaires. The Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and CTS-6 questionnaires can be used in the diagnosis of CTS in diabetic patients with and without DPN but with moderate AUC. The presence of DPN increased the chances of detecting CTS using the BCTQ questionnaire and the CTS-6 scale.