Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of non-chemical weed management and planting geometry on weed density, weed biomass, grain yield and nutrient removal by weed in dry direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars

Field studies were carried out from 2015 and 2016 at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India to evaluate the effect of non-chemical weed management and planting geometry on weed density, weed biomass, grain yieldand nutrient removal by weed in dry direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. The experiment consisted of two planting geometry (Seed drill sown crop and square planting), two cultivars (Arize 6444 and PHB 71) and five non-chemical weed management treatment viz., weedy, one hoeing at 12 DAS fb hand weeding at 30 DAS, one hoeing at 12 DAS fb Sesbania co-culture and incorporated at 45 DAS, one hoeing at 12 DAS fb straw mulching 4 t/ha fb hand weeding at 40 DAS, one hoeing at 12 DAS fb straw mulching 6 t/ha. The dominant weed flora of experimental field were Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa colona and Echinochloa crus Galli among the grasses, Cyperus iria, Cyperus difformis and Fimbristylis miliacea among sedges and Ammannia baccifera, Caesulia axillaris and Phyllanthus fraternus among broad-leaved weeds during both the years. The result revealed that square planting, Arize 6444 cultivar and one hoeing at 12 DAS fb hand weeding at 30 DAS had significantly lower weed density, weed biomass and nutrient removal by weed at 90 DAS and higher grain yield during both years.
Review of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Sauria: Gekkonidae) in Sri Lanka with the description of five new species

Five new species of geckos are described from Sri Lanka by morphological comparison and morphometric analysis leading to review the genus Cnemaspis in the country. The type series of these species were identified from following localities: C. alwisi and C. kumarasinghei from the intermediate zone, C. retigalensis from the dry zone, C. molligodai from the lowland wet zone and C. samanalensis from the mountain region of the wet zone in the country. The high degree of endemicity (90%) shown by Cnemaspis in Sri Lanka could be attributed to geographical isolation. In addition, the taxonomic issue of C. jerdonii scalpensis is discussed and the species C. scalpensis is errected.
Silicon Isotopes in an EMIC's Ocean: Sensitivity to Runoff, Iron Supply, and Climate

The isotopic composition of Si in biogenic silica (BSi), such as opal buried in the oceans' sediments, has changed over time. Paleorecords suggest that the isotopic composition, described in terms of δ30Si, was generally much lower during glacial times than today. There is consensus that this variability is attributable to differing environmental conditions at the respective time of BSi production and sedimentation. The detailed links between environmental conditions and the isotopic composition of BSi in the sediments remain, however, poorly constrained. In this study, we explore the effects of a suite of offset boundary conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) on the isotopic composition of BSi archived in sediments in an Earth System Model of intermediate complexity (EMIC). Our model results suggest that a change in the isotopic composition of Si supply to the glacial ocean is sufficient to explain the observed overall low(er) glacial δ30Si in BSi. All other processes explored trigger model responses of either wrong sign or magnitude or are inconsistent with a recent estimate of bottom water oxygenation in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean. Caveats, mainly associated with generic uncertainties in today's pelagic biogeochemical modules, remain.
Distribution Pattern of Concentrations of Ovarian Hormones in Peripheral Blood in Cows.

This study was conducted in order to know the pattern of distribution of the concentrations of ovarian steroid hormone in the peripheral blood in cows. The peripheral blood was collected from each cow on Days 0, 5•`7, 9•`11 and 13•`15 after artifical insemination and follicular cystic cows. The concentrations of progesterone (P) and estradiol-17ƒÀ (E) were measured, and the E/P ratio was calculated. The distribution patterns of the values of P, E and E/P ratio were logarithmic normal distribution in the pregnant and non-pregnant groups. The cow group with follicular cysts also showed the same pattern of distribution. It was thus found to be necessary to perform statistical treatment after logarithm conversion of measured values. The changes in the concentrations of ovarian steroid hormones during a 15-day period after insemination were analyzed using the mean values calculated after logarithm conversion. As a result, P in the pregnant group became higher than that in the non-pregnant group beginning from Day 6. It became significantly higher from Day 10. E in the pregnant group significantly decreased from Day 6, while E in the non-pregnant group decreased from Day 9. However, from Day 13 to Day 15, the level of E was the same in the pregnant and non-pregnant groups. During the same period, the E/P ratio was significantly lower in the pregnant group than in the non-pregnant group.
Sublethal Effects of Some Essential Oils on the Cotton Leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval)

Abstract Our paper demonstrates the effect of sublethal doses of essential oils (EOs) from 13 aromatic plant species on the development and fertility of Spodoptera littoralis. EOs were applied to 4th instar larvae in dosages corresponding to the estimated LD30. The application-surviving larvae were maintained until the end of their development. Larval and pupal mortalities were monitored during their development. All EOs caused a total mortality significantly higher compared to the control. Application of LD30 of EOs from 4 plant species (Pimenta racemosa, Origanum vulgare, Salvia sclarea and Thymus vulgaris) even caused total mortality higher than 70 %. A significant difference in the number of hatched adults was also found. However, the lowest number of adults hatched after application of the EO from P. racemosa (18.7 %), O. vulgare (28.0 %), S. sclarea (28.7 %) and T. vulgaris (30.7 %). The highest number of adults hatched after application of the EO from Mentha pulegium (64.0 %) and Lavandula angustifolia (59.3 %). Longevity, fecundity, fertility and natality were monitored in the surviving adults. The most significant effect of EOs was determined with respect to natality. Compared to the control, all the tested EOs caused a significant reduction in natality. While 1,101 viable larvae were obtained in the control, the number of viable larvae obtained from those treated was lower, ranging from 41.5 % (for M. pulegium) up to 80.6 % (for P. racemosa). Based on the presented results, EOs of P. racemosa, O. vulgare, S. sclarea and T. vulgaris can be recommended for further development of botanical insecticides designed to protect plants against the important polyphagous pest S. littoralis. These EOs caused the highest mortality during larval development when applied in sublethal doses, with subsequent reduction of adult natality by more than 75 % in this pest.
Trends in the Journal of Animal Ecology: 1932-92

1. Thirteen volumes of the Journal of Animal Ecology, starting in 1932 and ending in 1992, were analysed for trends in their contents. 2. 'Country of origin' was divided into four categories: UK, Europe, N. America and Other. There has been a significant decline in the number of UK papers and a corresponding increase in European and American papers. 3. 'Biomes' were divided into three categories: Terrestrial, Freshwater and Marine. The journal has been dominated by terrestrial papers, with no significant change in proportions between 1932 and 1992. 4. 'Species used' were divided into five categories: Mammal, Bird, Other vertebrate, Insect and Other invertebrate. Bird and insect papers have always been most frequent, with none of the species categories changing significantly between 1932 and 1992. 5. 'Statistical analysis' was divided into three categories: None, Simple and Complex. Papers with no statistical analysis have declined to zero over this period, with a corresponding increase in the other two categories. 6. 'Type of study' was divided into four categories: Theoretical, Laboratory, Field (exp.) and Field (obs.). The journal has always been dominated by field observation papers, although they have declined significantly from 1932. There has been a significant rise in theoretical and field experimental papers. 7. 'Level of study' was divided into three categories: Individual, Population and Community. During the life of the journal, community papers have declined while individual studies have increased. 8. 'Number of species in population studies' was divided into three categories: One, Two and Greater than two. Single species studies have declined while the other two categories have increased. 9. 'Proposed main cause of population dynamics' was divided into four categories: Herbivory, Predation, Competition and Abiotic. During the first 20 years abiotic explanations predominated but declined to zero by 1992. Competition, as an explanation, has increased in frequency. Herbivory, as an explanation, has always been remarkably infrequent (4%).
Second Species of Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae)

The diminutive frogs of the genus Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae) were known only from one species in the Atlantic Forest of the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Herein we describe a second species of Psyllophryne from coastal Sio Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from Psyllophryne didactyla mainly by the presence of a functional fifth toe. Pointed digit tips, vocal sac extending to midbelly, inferior margin of eye and anterior margin of nostril grooved, and reduction in size of fingers and number of toes are shared derived features of both Brachycephalus and Psyllophryne.
Effects of protein concentration in the diet on milk yield, change in body composition and the efficiency of utilization of body tissue for milk production in ewes

Twenty-five mature Finnish Landrace × Dorset Horn ewes, each suckling two lambs, were used to measure the effects of dietary concentration of crude protein on food intake, milk yield and changes in body composition during the first 6 weeks of lactation. Diets were complete mixes of milled hay and concentrates, and the amounts of barley and fish meal were altered to give crude protein concentrations of 116 and 143g/kg dry matter. Ten ewes were slaughtered at 5 to 7 days of lactation and the remaining ewes were slaughtered at 40 to 43 days of lactation. The higher concentration of crude protein in the diet did not alter food intake or digestion. Milk yield was not altered in the first 3 weeks of lactation but was increased in weeks 4 and 5 (P It was concluded that the higher level of protein intake during early lactation increased yields of milk and milk protein. The data suggest that the energy lost from the body was used more efficiently by ewes given the diet of high, rather than low, protein content.
Paeonia morisii sp. nov. (Paeoniaceae), a new species from Sardinia

A new species of Paeonia from Sardinia is described. It differs morphologically, ecologically and karyologically from P. mascula subsp. russoi from Sicily, with which it was so far confused, as well as from other peonies of the P. mascula group.
OUT-OF-PLANE INSTABILITY OF A RECTANGULAR WALL SPECIMEN SUBJECT TO IN-PLANE CYCLIC LOADING

Out-of-plane instability is identified as one of the failure modes of rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) walls. This mode of failure was previously observed in experimental studies of rectangular walls, and has attracted more attention following the observed damage of several walls in the recent earthquakes in Chile and Christchurch. In this study, the sequence of events that were observed during a rectangular wall experiment in which out-of-plane instability was the main and only failure pattern (i.e. the wall response was not influenced by other failure modes such as bar buckling) is discussed. The postulations and observations presented in some prior research on development of out-of-plane instability of concrete columns representing the boundary zones of rectangular walls are linked with the observations made in this experimental research. The half-scale specimen tested herein represents the first story of a four story prototype wall designed according to NZS3101:2006.
The Impact of Identity on Loyalty with Reputation as Mediating Variable

The identity of an organisation is an interrelated system that triggers the processes of identification and differentiation of an organisation. Identity and reputation are related. The reputation of the organisation is the interpretation and evaluation of its identity. Because of a positive reputation, people are proud to be part of that organisation, returning to the organisation’s actions, speaking favourably of the organisation, and urging people to be close to the organisation. This research, conducted at St. Anthony School operated by the SCJ Congregation, will uncover the impact of identity on reputation and the impact of reputation on loyalty. The hypotheses were examined by using Structural Equation Modeling. The analysis shows that there is a positive impact of organisational identity on the reputation of an organisation and a positive impact of the reputation of the organisation on customer loyalty. The contribution of this study is to suggest that the organisation pays attention to develop its identity.
Study on Individual Fecundity of Opsariichthys bidens of the Beijiang River in Guangdong Province

The individual fecundity of Opsariichthys bidens,which were collected in March and April 2009 in the Beijiang River,were studied. The results are summarized as follows. The absolute fecundity of Opsariichthys bidens,varies from1486.29 to 12 025.78(average 4842.42) eggs. The relative fecundity of body length ranges from 163.33 to 856.27 (average 437.30) eggs/cm. The fecundity of body weight ranges from 99.77 to 470.27 (average 207.29) eggs/g. The relationship between the absolute fecundity and body length (L),body weight (W),net body weight (W n),ovary weight (W o),and age (t)could be described by a quadratic equation,and the relationship between the absolute fecundity and gonadosomatic indices (GSI),can be regressed by an exponential equation. The absolute fecundity has no obvious relationship with fullness (K). Multi-stepwise regressive analyses show that the absolute fecundity is significantly related with both body weight (W) and gonadosomatic indices (GSI),and the regression equation is F=-312.129+137.765W+108.715GSI (R2 =0.719,n=55,F=57.089,P0.001).
Honeybee Ecology: A Study of Adaptation in Social Life

The book presents honeybees as a model system for investigating advanced social life among insects from an evolutionary perspective.Originally published in 1985.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
A theoretical model for migratory orientation and homing in birds

A theoretical model of the phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of bird orientation is presented where navigation is taken to be phylogenetically older than migratory orientation. Starting out from orientation by landmarks and the ability for compass orientation birds are assumed to use route reversal based on compass orientation to become familiar with the distribution of landmarks and thus to form a directionally oriented integrative picture of the distribution of landmarks, the "mosaic map", for orientation within the home range. Applying the same mechanisms to factors with the nature of gradients results in a learned grid of coordinates, the "navigational map", allowing homing from unfamiliar terrain by extrapolation. Additionally, migratory birds are assumed to have innate information on the direction and distance of their migration, the direction being genetically fixed using as a reference system the compass already developed for orientation within the home range.
Impact of temperature, salinity and light on hatching of eggs of Anisakis simplex (Nematoda, Anisakidae), isolated by a new method, and some remarks on survival of larvae

Abstract A new efficient method of isolating large number of eggs from anisakid worms is described. The method involves blending the worms in an electric mixer and isolating the eggs by centrifugation. Eggs were used to study factors affecting egg hatching and survival of emerged larvae of Anisakis simplex. The hatching time (range 3–21 days) varied inversely with temperature (5-21 0q, but did not differ significantly with salinity (0–28 psu). The final proportions of eggs which hatched, increased with salinity. This proportion was highest at 13 °C and lowest at 21°C; larvae which emerged in fresh water died within a few hours irrespective of temperature. The mean survival time of larvae was in the range of92-131 days. The survival time increased with salinity but decreased with temperature. Light exposure (at 13°C) was found to reduce significantly the time needed for the hatching of eggs. The results support the hypothesis that A. simplex is adapted to off-shore pelagic marine environments.
Assessment of Parameters Influencing Physiologic Gingival Pigmentation Using a Novel Classification System

Background: Depigmentation has become an important treatment modality among the general population due to the growing esthetic concern about the pigmentation. Previous studies have not considered parameters such as anatomical distribution of gingiva, intensity of pigmentation, and skin color in their classification systems. The purpose of this study was to assess physiologic gingival pigmentation in individuals based on certain gingival parameters and their correlation with skin color for better treatment strategies using a new classification system. Methods: The study was carried out in Ragas Dental College using a cross-sectional design. A total of 112 female dental students were examined for skin color and gingival parameters. The facial gingiva of upper anterior teeth was assessed for gingival phenotype, intensity and distribution of pigmentation. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and the associations between variables were done using chi-square test (P < 0.05). Results: It was found that skin color has a significant association with the intensity of pigmentation (P = 0.0001). In both dark and fair skinned individuals, Class II pigmentation (47%, 23.2%) with thick phenotype (62.5%, 35%) was most prevalent. Dark-skinned individuals were also found to have a generalized distribution of melanin pigmentation (19%) with high intensity of pigmentation (28.5%) predominantly. Fair-skinned individuals had a patchy distribution of melanin pigmentation with low intensity of pigmentation (37%). Conclusions: The association of skin color with various parameters affecting gingival pigmentation can help in determining the depigmentation treatment strategies. *Correspondence to Saumya John, Tel: +914692645210 Email: drsaumyajohn85@ gmail.com Background Gingiva is a soft tissue that covers the alveolar process of the jaws and the cervical portion of the teeth. The color of the healthy gingiva is determined by numerous factors. The most important factors include degree of keratinization, epithelial thickness, oxygenation of blood, number and size of blood vessels, and the amount of pigments in the tissue (1). Carotene, melanin, reduced hemoglobin, and oxyhemoglobin are the main pigments contributing to the normal color of the gingiva, among which melanin is the most important factor (2-4). Melanocytes in the epithelial basal cell layer convert tyrosine to melanin using enzyme tyrosinase, which is then stored in the basal cells in the form of melanosomes. It can also be found in the keratinocytes of gingival epithelium (2). Becker et al showed that melanocytes are present in Assessment of Parameters Influencing Physiologic Gingival Pigmentation Using a Novel Classification System Received Dec. 6 2019 Accepted Dec. 22 2019 ePublished Dec. 3
Selection of a salt tolerant Tunisian cultivar of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens)

LiAbstract B a c k g r o u n d : Sa l in i ty af fects g e r m i n a t i o n a n d s e e d l i n g g r o w t h a n d y ie ld o f severa l c r o p s p e c i e s , s u c h a s p e p p e r . T h a t i s w h y th is s t u d y w a s ca r r ied t o eva lua te the ef fects o f N a C I o n s e e d g e r m i n a t i o n , s e e d l i n g g r o w t h a n d ion ic b a l a n c e o f th ree T u n i s i a n chili p e p p e r {Capsicum frutescens) cv: T e b o u r b a , K o r b a a n d A w l a d H a f f o u z . M a t e r i a l s a n d M e t h o d s : T h e p e r c e n t a g e o f g e r m i n a t i o n , the g r o w t h a n d the m ine ra l c o n t e n t s w e r e m e a s u r e d in t he th ree T u n i s i a n chili p e p p e r cv w a t e r e d w i th w a t e r c o n t a i n i n g 0 , 2 , 4 , 6 or 8 g L 1 N a C I . R e s u l t s : R e s u l t s s h o w e d tha t d i f ferent sal in i ty s t r e s s levels h a d s ign i f i can t effect o n g e r m i n a t i o n p e r c e n t a g e a n d g e r m i n a t i o n t ime . I n p o t e x p e r i m e n t , i n c r e a s i n g N a C I c o n c e n t r a t i o n , fo r all cv, i n d u c e d a s ign i f i can t d e c r e a s e on p lan t he igh t , r o o t l eng th , l eaves n u m b e r , leaf a r e a a n d ch lo rophy l l a m o u n t . T h e f r e s h a n d d r y w e i g h t s a re a l s o a f fec ted. I n a d d i t i o n , sa l in i ty i n c r e a s e d N a + a n d C I " levels b u t d e c r e a s e d K + level i n r o o t s a n d s h o o t s . C o n c l u s i o n s : A w l a d H a f f o u z c v h a d the h i g h e s t K 7 N a + rat io c o m p a r e d t o c v K o r b a a n d T e b o u r b a a n d i t h a s s h o w e d the b e s t r e s p o n s e u n d e r sal t s t r e s s d u r i n g g e r m i n a t i o n a n d g r o w t h s t a g e w h i c h lets i t to be the m o s t to le ran t cv. K e y w o r d s : Capsicum frutescens, g e r m i n a t i o n , m ine ra l nu t r i t i on , sal ini ty, s h o o t .