Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavior of osmium at the freshwater–saltwater interface based on Ganga derived sediments from the estuarine zone

Leaching experiments performed on several sediments of the Ganga river suggest that between 10 and 20% of the osmium is in an easily exchangeable position. Analyses of sediments from two estuarine rivers (the Pussur and the lower Meghna) reveal no enrichment of Os in the saltwater–freshwater mixing zone relative to Ganga sediments of similar Al2O3/SiO2 ratio, suggesting that osmium is not significantly trapped in this estuary. However, a significant decrease of the 187Os/188Os ratio is observed in the Pussur sediments relative to the Ganga composition. These latter are derived entirely from the Ganga or from erosion of the Ganga paleodelta, and thus would be expected to have similar Os isotopic compositions. Nd isotopic results from the Pussur are indistinguishable from those of the Ganga, while the Sr isotopic results are at the lower end of the Ganga range, confirming the absence of a major source difference between Ganga and Pussur sediments. It thus seems unlikely that the difference in Os isotopic signature can be entirely explained by a change in provenance, suggesting instead that the Os compositions have been modified. Our results show that the less radiogenic Os compositions of the Pussur sediments cannot result simply from desorption of radiogenic Os or from scavenging of river or seawater Os. Instead, the decrease of the 187Os/188Os ratio could imply a complex exchange between dissolved Os, derived partly from seawater, and Os in the leachable fraction of sediments. This mechanism could therefore constitute both a source and a sink for seawater osmium and may significantly influence the osmium marine budget.
Drought driving mechanism and risk situation prediction based on machine learning models in the Yellow River Basin, China

Abstract Under global warming, the acceleration of the water cycle has increased the risk of drought in the Yellow River Basin. Revealing the drought driving mechanisms in the basin and understanding the risk situation of drought have become particularly important. This paper uses wavelet analysis and transfer entropy to analyze the drought driving mechanisms. In addition, an Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) coupled with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is used for drought risk prediction. The results are as follows: (1) Hydrological drought lags behind meteorological drought by 2–3 months, and they show two main periods on different time scales, which are 5–6 months and 8–14 months, respectively. (2) Rainfall, runoff, temperature, humidity, and vapor pressure are the main drought driving factors, with rainfall and humidity having the most significant impact. (3) The IPSO-LSTM model has improved the process of selecting model parameters based on empirical experiences in the LSTM model, improving the prediction accuracy by an average of 3.1%. This paper provides a scientific basis for water resource management and drought risk assessment in the basin, to better cope with future climate challenges.
The uncertainty of climatological values

The uncertainty of climatological values is calculated with a method using the average absolute deviation from the mean, or absolute error. This method is related to the mean of the magnitude of the anomalies and its applicability is readily verified with a proposed approximate numerical technique, in contrast with the standard error method whose applicability is cumbersome to verify. Different data sets were tested with this technique showing that the method applies in a wide variety of geophysical cases, including non‐Gaussian cases. When it applies, the absolute error method provides additional information on the mean, such as the error due to the sample size.
A Brief Report on Measurement Invariance for the Ethnic Identity Scale Among College-Attending Emerging Adults

Ethnic-Racial Identity (ERI) development research has been critical in further understanding youths’ psychological adjustment. The Ethnic Identity Scale (EIS) has been used extensively in this field of research to measure ERI. However, it has not been assessed for full measurement invariance, which is essential to ensure its effectiveness in measuring ERI differences across different ethnic-racial and gender groups. Thus, the current study sought to establish full factorial measurement invariance of the EIS between emerging adult college students across ethnic-racial groups (i.e., Asian American, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latinx, and non-Hispanic White/European American) and genders (i.e., male and female). Participants included 7165 students (Mage = 19.71 years, SD = 1.50) from 31 colleges and universities across various U.S. regions. Results established full factorial measurement invariance for the EIS across groups. Additionally, we examined construct validity by establishing that associations between ERI and psychological adjustment were consistent across groups. Implications and limitations are discussed.
Estimation of Mean Velocity in Natural Channels Based on Chiu's Velocity Distribution Equation

The applicability of the linear relationship between the mean and the maximum flow velocities, based on the entropy concept, was investigated using data collected during a period of 20 years for four gauged river sections in the upper Tiber River basin in Central Italy. The value of the entropy parameter M of this relationship for the four gauged sections was found to be constant and is equal to 2.13. The same value can be surmised for other river sections located within the river reach investigated. For each site, the error in estimating the cross-sectional mean velocity from the observed maximum velocity was analyzed and was found to be normally distributed. The mean value of the percentage error was very close to zero and did not exceed 0.001, while the maximum value of the standard deviation was about 0.06. A simple method for estimating the velocity profiles at a river section is proposed. The method, based on the velocity distribution equation derived by Chiu using the probabilistic formulation and entropy maximization, is capable of determining the velocity profiles with reasonable accuracy, even near the side walls. Furthermore, because it is difficult to measure velocity at too many points in the flow area during high floods, a practical approach for estimating the cross-sectional mean velocity was also developed. This approach is based on the assumption that the mean velocity along each sampled vertical has a parabolic shape, easily derivable by three simple constraints. Seven flood events observed at gauged sections were used to test it, and the estimated cross-sectional mean velocity was found quite accurate also for new river sites where the parameter M is unknown.
Evaluating Landscape Architectural Grading Designs with a Terrain Complexity Index

Evaluating Landscape Architectural Grading Designs with a Terrain Complexity Index Corey John Dawson Advisor: University of Guelph, Professor Robert Corry Natural landform shapes efficiently organize materials and functions with slope forms evolving towards stable states called equilibrium. Slopes have linear, convex, and concave forms with concave being the most stable and linear the least. More complex, heterogeneous shapes control runoff, allow biodiversity and are attractive. Landscape designs can alter terrains with surface geometry for drainage and safety objectives based on grading standards. Landforming designs diversify slopes while conventional grading implements more simple, homogeneous shapes. My project evaluated alterations from grading designs by comparatively analyzing existing and proposed terrains. A data sample of 17 landscapes were gathered from landscape architects, analyzed with a Compound Terrain Complexity Index (CTCI) that calculates surface area ratio, curvature, elevation variance, and relief, generating a proportional terrain complexity change. Results identified the CTCI as a useful measure of terrain complexity change, showing samples of increased and decreased values. Total curvature was influenced most by grading
Further evidence for the development of photic-zone euxinic conditions during Mesozoic oceanic anoxic events

Periods in Earth history characterized by extensive organic carbon deposition, so-called oceanic anoxic events (OAEs), are the subject of considerable scrutiny. Insight into the extent of anoxic conditions in the water column has been provided by the reported occurrence of derivatives of isorenieratene, a carotenoid found only in green sulphur bacteria and thus indicative of photic-zone euxinia (i.e. a water column containing free H2S), in North Atlantic deep-sea sediments deposited during the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary OAE2 (Bonarelli Event). In this study, we have used the distributions of chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll degradation products, maleimides (1-H-pyrrole-2,5-diones) and high molecular weight porphyrins, to examine further the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary OAE2 as well as other OAEs of the early Toarcian (Posidonienschiefer Event) and early Aptian (Selli Event). In particular, methyl isobutyl (Me,i-Bu) maleimide, on structural grounds, appears to be diagnostic of green sulphur bacteria. This compound occurs in five of seven examined marls that record the early Toarcian OAE (Marche–Umbria, Italy), further expanding the geographical range of Toarcian sediments where evidence for photic-zone euxinic conditions has been found. Me,i-Bu maleimide occurs in three of six black shales spanning the Livello Selli (Marche–Umbria, Italy), the type locality for the Aptian OAE1a, providing the first evidence for photic-zone euxinic conditions during this event. With respect to the Cenomanian–Turonian OAE, maleimide evidence for photic-zone euxinic conditions was found in all the North Atlantic sites investigated, including those characterized by relatively organic-lean sediments, several Tethyan sites and one site off western Australia. These data indicate that euxinic conditions were common in the water column during Mesozoic oceanic anoxic events.
The main aspects of effective internal audits of the energy management system in health care institutions

Aim. To analyze the main components of conducting and forming recommendations for the effective implementation of internal audits of the energy management system in healthcare institutions. Materials and methods. To achieve the goal, we applied such methods as informative, retrospective, analytical ones based on the study of scientific literature, materials of Internet-resources and our own conclusions regarding the results of the work carried out. Results and discussion. The article analyzes the main aspects of effective implementation of internal audits of the energy management system in healthcare institutions. It has been shown that internal audits are not conducted effectively and do not add the expected value. The causes for low performance have been analyzed and systematized. It has been proven that the problem of improving the effectiveness of internal audits of the energy management system should be solved systematically, using the methods and approaches developed by the authors and proposed in the article. Conclusions. Internal audits of the energy management system should be given closer attention in each healthcare institution since a properly organized audit process is an effective tool for analyzing the energy management system and provides important and relevant information for timely corrective and preventive actions.
Hydrological modeling of stalagmite δ18O response to glacial‐interglacial transitions

Stalagmite δ18Ο series currently provide the most robustly dated characterization of glacial terminations. However, uncertainties associated with the stalagmite δ18Ο proxy record arise due to the complexity of flow within karst aquifers. Here we use an integrated climate‐soil‐groundwater lumped parameter hydrological model to demonstrate the range of potential stalagmite δ18Ο hydrological responses to significant global climate changes. Pseudoproxy stalagmite δ18Ο series were generated for millennial length model simulations, using general circulation model time‐slice data for 12, 11, and 10 ka for eastern China. Our model demonstrates that the variability within published δ18Ο records from Chinese stalagmites falls within that of modeled pseudoproxy series. We utilize model output to (i) quantify hydrological uncertainty (specifically the relative importance of changing precipitation amount, isotopic composition, and water balance); (ii) identify any nonstationarity in δ18O variability and its relationship to climate change; and (iii) demonstrate the processes that produce low‐frequency power in stalagmite δ18Ο.
Digital paradigm shift: Unraveling students’ intentions to embrace Tablet-based Learning through an extended UTAUT2 model

Abstract With the rapid digital paradigm shift in educational settings, it is of utmost importance to comprehend the factors that influence the inclination of students towards utilising tablet-based learning. This study examined students’ intentions to use Tablet-based Learning (TBL) through an extended UTAUT2 model. Descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed for the study. A questionnaire was utilised to collect data from 409 students in public senior high schools (SHSs) in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. The novel variance-based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the data. The study revealed that perceived learning opportunities, trust, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, social influence and facilitating conditions had significant positive influence on students’ intention to use Tablet-based Learning. Also, the findings revealed that perceived learning opportunity and trust were the most external decisive factors for individual student’s intention with regards to Tablet-based Learning. Meanwhile, students’ attitude had a significant negative effect on their intention to use Tablet-based Learning. The study provides valuable insights for education policymakers and senior high school administrators regarding the essential factors that students require for effective implementation of Tablet-based learning systems.
A review on mechanism of plant geotropism: developing trend in research on pine root geotropism

Despite the fundamental importance of gravity-driven growth response in plants, the mechanisms that result in root geotropism are poorly understood and the signaling pathways involved remain elusive. Therefore, we reviewed root gravisensing structures and theories (or propositions) explaining root growth geotropism in directions of genetics, physiology, biochemistry, and environmental influence. The available data show that the mechanism(s) of root geotropism and root-gravisensing sites depends on the plant species studied. Based upon such a review, key academic controversies on mechanism of root geotropism were pinpointed, and developing trend of research on root geotropism was addressed.
A mid Telychian (Llandovery) graptolite fauna from Mojiang, Yunnan Province, southwestern China

A mid Telychian (Llandovery, Silurian) graptolite fauna is described from the Manbo Formation at Keman, Mojiang County, central Yunnan Province, SW China, a region widely regarded as belonging to the Indochina Block in the early Palaeozoic. The fauna includes abundant Oktavites kemanensis sp. nov., O. aff. spiralis (Geinitz), Retiolites geinitzianus (Barrande) and R. australis McCoy, together with less abundant Monoclimacis crenulata (Elles and Wood), M. directa? Zalasiewicz et al., Monograptus priodon (Bronn), M. sp. , Stimulograptus clintonensis (Hall), Diversograptus? pergracilis (Boucek), Pristiograptus sp. , Oktavites sp. and Stomatograptus? sp. Of these, thirteen species belonging to seven genera are described in the present paper. Comparison with similar faunas from other regions suggests that the fauna is indicative of the Monoclimacis crenulata Zone of the middle Telychian. This is the first account of Telychian graptolites from Indochina, and may serve as a reference for the palaeontology and stratigraphy of coeval intervals within and outside the block.
Infection with COVID-19 is a risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with intracranial hemorrhage: A prospective observational cohort study

This research aimed to explore the COVID-19 infection in the prognosis of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), as well as analyzed the risk factors of the poor prognosis. This present prospective observational cohort study enrolled 136 patients with ICH who were admitted in our hospital during May 2020 to July 2022. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. All patients were collected demographic and clinical data and were followed up for 3 months, and we used the modified Rankin scale (mRS) to assess the prognosis of ICH patients, mRS score ≥ 3 indicated a bad prognosis and mRS score ≤ 2 indicated a good prognosis. All data used SPSS 18.0 for statistical analyses. The mRS score after 3 months of patients in COVID-19 group were also remarkably elevated than that in the patients in control group (P < .05). The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), D-dimer (D-D) were remarkably enhanced in the ICH patients in COVID-19 group compared to the control group (P < .05). The national institutes of health stroke scale scores, hematoma volume, the serum levels of white blood cell, FPG, D-D and the proportion of patients with diabetes were significantly higher while the Glasgow coma scale scores were significantly lower in bad prognosis group (P < .05). In addition, we found a significantly higher rate of COVID-19 infections in ICH patients with poor prognosis (P < .05). Infection of COVID-19, FPG, white blood cell, national institutes of health stroke scale, Glasgow coma scale and hematoma volume were the risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with ICH. This study showed that the proportion of patients with diabetes, the mRS score after 3 months and the levels of FPG, D-D were remarkably elevated in the ICH patients in COVID-19 group compared to the control group. This study may provide the effective preventive and treatment measures for the burden of ICH on families and society.
Various hand tumors: over 20 years of clinical experience in Korea

Purpose: Although the hand only constitutes 2% of the body, it is a site where a wide variety of tumors occur, and the results of surgery substantially impact its function. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis and appropriate selection of individual treatment strategies are very important. This study reviewed the diagnostic characteristics and clinical features of surgically treated hand tumors at our facility.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 65 patients who underwent surgery for suspected hand tumors at our institution between 2003 and 2020. Data, including patient demographics, diagnosis, pathology, type of surgery, comorbidities, and tumor characteristics (e.g., location and tumor size), were collected from medical records.Results: In total, 59 (90.7%) and six patients (9.3%) were diagnosed with benign and malignant tumors, respectively. Ganglion cysts were the most common tumors (n=11), followed by vascular anomalies (n=10), epidermoid cysts (n=7), and glomus tumors (n=4). There were four cases of bone tumors (6.2%), including one chondroma, one chondrosarcoma, and two giant cell tumors. In 53 cases with an imaging workup, the pathological diagnosis was concordant in 44 cases. Of the nine cases with inconsistent results, eight were tumors located in the finger; this association was significant (p=0.048). Conclusion: In this study, ganglion cyst and squamous cell carcinoma were the most common benign and malignant tumors, respectively, and four cases of bone tumors were found. Radiologic misdiagnosis was more frequent in finger tumors than in other tumors. Thus, hand tumors, especially those suspected to be malignant, should be assessed using a multidisciplinary approach.
Neoproterozoic Blaini glacial diamictite and Ediacaran Krol carbonate sedimentation in the Lesser Himalaya, India

Abstract The breakup of Rodinia resulted in the formation of rift basins and passive margins c. 650 Ma. Major palaeoclimatic vents such as Neoproterozoic global glaciation (known as ‘snowball Earth’; Hoffman et al. 1998) followed by global warming have been recorded on different continents, including the Indian Lesser Himalaya (Blaini–Krol Cryogenian–Ediacaran Period). The reconstruction of the Rodinia supercontinent (Powell et al. 1993; Li et al. 2003) and the palaeoposition of India (including Lesser Himalaya–Southern China shelf facies, Tewari 2010) strongly suggest that a connection of the Lesser Himalayan Neoproterozoic sedimentary basins with Rodinia must have existed. Early Earth possibly witnessed its most extreme climatic fluctuations during the mid late Neoproterozoic between 750 and 550 Ma. Palaeoglaciers even reached the equator c. 635 Ma, covering the whole Earth. Evidence from Australia, Africa, Antarctica, South America, South China and the Indian Lesser Himalaya suggest that there may have been three or more palaeoglacial events during this 200 million year interval. The global decline of Meso-Neoproterozoic stromatolites, biotic evolution, diversification, extinctions and the discovery of Ediacaran life following the cold climate are of great significance. Carbon isotopic excursions from all pink cap carbonates from the Lesser Himalaya capping the Blaini glacial diamictites have shown strong negative excursions, whereas the overlying Ediacaran Krol carbonates are characterized by a positive shift in carbon isotope ratios (Tewari 2010). In the Lesser Himalayan Krol belt, extending from the Solan in Himachal to Nainital in Uttarakhand Lesser Himalaya, the Upper Krol Formation (Krol D Member, Auden, 1934, 1937) is a typical Ediacaran (terminal Neoproterozoic) microbial carbonate sedimentation facies. Krol D contains Ediacaran metazoan fossils and abundant microbial structures in the form of columnar, domal and stratified stromatolites. Peloids, oncoids and microphytolites are also microbially formed structures. Carbonate grainstones and packstones are common in Krol D, and the allochemical constituents are intraclasts, ooids, coated grains, peloids, microbial grains and catagraphs. A diagenesis and cathodoluminescence study of the Krol ooids has been done in detail for the first time. The sedimentary structures present in the non-stromatolitic Krol carbonates include bird's eye, cross beddings, symmetrical ripples and shallow channel structures. An intertidal to supratidal carbonate ramp depositional environment with some moderate currents and intermittent periods of exposure has been suggested for the Upper Krol carbonates of the Lesser Himalaya. A moderate to high content of organic matter (kerogen) in the Neoproterozoic microbial fossils indicates the presence of probable hydrocarbon source rocks.