Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantization of the Hořava theory at the kinetic-conformal point

The Horava theory depends on several coupling constants. The kinetic term of its Lagrangian depends on one dimensionless coupling constant lambda. For the particular value lambda = 1/3 the kinetic term becomes conformal invariant, although the full Lagrangian does not have this symmetry. For any value of lambda the nonprojectable version of the theory has second-class constraints which play a central role in the process of quantization. Here we study the complete nonprojectable theory, including the Blas-Pujolas-Sibiryakov interacting terms, at the kinetic-conformal point lambda = 1/3. The generic counting of degrees of freedom indicates that this theory propagates the same physical degrees of freedom of General Relativity. We analyze this point rigorously taking into account all the z=1,2,3 terms that contribute to the action describing quadratic perturbations around the Minkowski spacetime. We show that the constraints of the theory and equations determining the Lagrange multipliers are strongly elliptic partial differential equations, an essential condition for a constrained phase-space structure in field theory. We show how their solutions lead to the two independent tensorial physical modes propagated by the theory. We also obtain the reduced Hamiltonian. These arguments strengthen the consistency of the theory. We find the restrictions on the space of coupling constants to ensure the positiveness of the reduced Hamiltonian. We obtain the propagator of the physical modes, showing that there are not ghosts and that the propagator effectively acquires the z=3 scaling for all physical degrees of freedom at the high energy regime. By evaluating the superficial degree of divergence, taking into account the second-class constraints, we show that the theory is power-counting renormalizable.
Exosomes derived from M2 Macrophages Improve Angiogenesis and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury through HIF-1α/VEGF Axis

Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that contain a variety of mRNAs, miRNAs, and proteins. They are capable of being released by a variety of cells and are essential for cell–cell communication. The exosomes produced by cells have shown protective benefits against spinal cord damage (SCI). Recently, it was discovered that M2 macrophages aid in the angiogenesis of numerous illnesses. However, the functional role of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes on SCI is unclear. Here, we investigate the pro-angiogenesis of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes on SCI. We founded that M2 macrophage exosomes alleviated tissue damage and enhanced functional recovery post-SCI. We discovered that M2 macrophage exosome administration increased angiogenesis after SCI in vivo using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence labeling, and Western blot analysis. Additionally, the expression of the pro-angiogenesis factors, HIF-1α and VEGF, were enhanced with the treatment of the M2 macrophage exosomes. Furthermore, we found that M2 macrophage exosomes enhanced neurogenesis after SCI in vivo. In vitro, we found that M2 macrophage exosomes can be taken up by the brain endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) and that they enhanced the tube formation, migration, and proliferation of bEnd.3 cells. Furthermore, by using special siRNA to inhibit HIF-1α expression, we observed that the expression of VEGF decreased, and the tube formation, migration, and proliferation of bEnd.3 cells were attenuated with the treatment of HIF-1α-siRNA. In conclusion, our findings reveal that M2 macrophage exosomes improve neurological functional recovery and angiogenesis post-SCI, and this process is partially associated with the activation of the HIF-1/VEGF signaling pathway.
First record of the Brassy Chub Kyphosus vaigiensis (Pisces: Kyphosidae) from the Mediterranean coast of Libya

In the present paper we report the first record of the Brassy Chub Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy and Giamard, 1825) from the Mediterranean coast of Libya. It is assumed that this species arrived into the Mediterranean from the Red Sea via the Suez Canal. We stress the need of taxonomic study on the genus Kyphosus in the Mediterranean.
Separation of contaminant species by TGA/MS in European and U.S. approaches to outgassing

Well-established procedures for the characterization of contamination during outgassing usually involve total mass measurements through quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Recently, the addition of mass spectrometry (MS) measurements to these data has become more common. The combination of both high sensitivity QCM and MS data may lead to a better understanding of the physics taking place during outgassing contamination processes. The way to do so is to complement the basic measurements of total mass loss on QCMs by the identification of each species and the quantitative determination of each species contribution. In a first characterization step, the thermogravimetric analysis of contaminants deposited on QCMs allows a partial species separation that helps exploiting mass spectrometry data. In return, these data permit a finer species separation. The key to these measurements is to obtain sufficient signal to noise ratio in the mass spectrometer. Though outgassing of space materials is not done the same way in Europe (multi-temperature steps, ECSS-Q-TM-70-52A) and in the US (isothermal, ASTM E-1559-09), both tests could be used to perform a first species separation, as reported here. Most species outgassed by a few common materials were identified (and quantified) through TGA and MS coupling. As reported in a companion paper, the knowledge of these species’ spectra then allows the analysis of the MS data during the initial outgassing phase, determining the quantitative outgassing of each species and leading to the improved comprehension of the physical laws ruling outgassing.
Spatial Cognition, An Interdisciplinary Approach to Representing and Processing Spatial Knowledge

Spatial Knowledge Acquisition and Spatial Memory. - Allocentric and Egocentric Spatial Representations: Definitions, Distinctions, and Interconnections. - The Route Direction Effect and its Constraints. - Spatial Information and Actions. - The Impact of Exogenous Factors on Spatial Coding in Perception and Memory. - Judging Spatial Relations from Memory. - Relations between the mental representation of extrapersonal space and spatial behavior. - Representational Levels for the Perception of the Courses of Motion. - Formal and Linguistic Models. - How Space Structures Language. - Shape Nouns and Shape Concepts: A Geometry for 'Corner'. - Typicality Effects in the Categorization of Spatial Relations. - The Use of Locative Expressions in Dependence of the Spatial Relation between Target and Reference Object in Two-Dimensional Layouts. - Reference Frames for Spatial Inference in Text Understanding. - Mental Models in Spatial Reasoning. - Formal Models for Cognition - Taxonomy of Spatial Location Description and Frames of Reference. - Spatial Representation with Aspect Maps. - A Hierarchy of Qualitative Representations for Space. - Spatial Reasoning with Topological Information. - Navigation in Real and Virtual Worlds. - A Taxonomy of Spatial Knowledge for Navigation and its Application to the Bremen Autonomous Wheelchair. - Human Place Learning in a Computer Generated Arena. - Spatial Orientation and Spatial Memory Within a 'Locomotor Maze' for Humans. - Behavioral experiments in spatial cognition using virtual reality. - Spatial orientation in virtual environments: Background considerations and experiments.
REMD Simulations of Full-Length Alpha-Synuclein Together with Ligands Reveal Binding Region and Effect on Amyloid Conversion

Alpha-synuclein is a key protein involved in the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease and other synucleinopathies. The intrinsically disordered nature of alpha-synuclein hinders the computational screening of new drug candidates for the treatment of these neurodegenerative diseases. In the present work, replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations of the full-length alpha-synuclein together with low-molecular ligands were utilized to predict the binding site and effect on the amyloid-like conversion of the protein. This approach enabled an accurate prediction of the binding sites for three tested compounds (fasudil, phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate, and spermine), giving good agreement with data from experiments by other groups. Lots of information about the binding and protein conformational ensemble enabled the suggestion of a putative effect of the ligands on the amyloid-like conversion of alpha-synuclein and the mechanism of anti- and pro-amyloid activity of the tested compounds. Therefore, this approach looks promising for testing new drug candidates for binding with alpha-synuclein or other intrinsically disordered proteins and at the same time the estimation of the effect on protein behavior, including amyloid-like aggregation.
Numerical simulation of superhalo electrons generated by magnetic reconnection in the solar wind source region

Superhalo electrons appear to be continuously present in the interplanetary medium, even during very quiet times, with a power-law spectrum at energies above ∼2keV. Here we numerically investigate the generation of superhalo electrons by magnetic reconnection in the solar wind source region, using magnetohydrodynamics and test particle simulations for both single X-line reconnection and multiple X-line reconnection. We find that the direct current electric field, produced in the magnetic reconnection region, can accelerate electrons from an initial thermal energy of T ∼ 105 K up to hundreds of keV. After acceleration, some of the accelerated electrons, together with the nascent solar wind flow driven by the reconnection, propagate upwards along the newly-opened magnetic field lines into interplanetary space, while the rest move downwards into the lower atmosphere. Similar to the observed superhalo electrons at 1AU, the flux of upward-traveling accelerated electrons versus energy displays a power-law distribution at ∼ 2–100 keV, f(E) ∼ E−δ, with a δ of ∼ 1.5 – 2.4. For single (multiple) X-line reconnection, the spectrum becomes harder (softer) as the anomalous resistivity parameter α (uniform resistivity η) increases. These modeling results suggest that the acceleration in the solar wind source region may contribute to superhalo electrons.
Towards improving soft skills of medical education in the 21st century: A literature review

Global challenge forced medical education to be transformative in preparing the future health care professional. Student-centered learning (SCL) has been regarded as the most suitable medical curriculum approach to meet the health care demand. Indonesia, with its hierarchical and collectivistic culture, has long implemented SCL. The necessary skills are needed to be identified to improve the medical curriculum in Indonesia. We did a literature review to generate soft skills for the health care professionals. We distributed the list to stakeholders and medical teachers for a two-round Delphi study. We identify 26 soft skills through literature review. The Delphi study's first-round yielded 95 responses comparing the expectation and reality of the 26 soft skills in the current medical curriculum. The second round Delphi study was performed towards the similar participants to gather the final set of soft skills recommended for curriculum improvement in medical and health professions education. Soft skills, though considered necessary, are not well-understood yet. The unfamiliarity influenced the irresolute delivery of soft skills in medical schools. Faculty developments are recommended to improve the understanding and capability of teachers to facilitate the learning of soft skills.
Dampak Raskin terhadap Pengeluaran Per Kapita di Kabupaten Ketapang

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak subsidi beras untuk rumah tangga miskin (raskin) terhadap pengeluaran makanan, nonmakanan, dan pengeluaran total per kapita di Kabupaten Ketapang. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah masih sedikitnya studi mengenai dampak subsidi beras (raskin) terhadap pengeluaran per kapita di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersumber pada Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun 2017. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan menggunakan alat analisis Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa raskin secara rata-rata mengurangi beban konsumsi makanan 7,6% per kapita/bulan, konsumsi nonmakanan 17,7% atau Rp49.129 per kapita/bulan, dan total pengeluaran 10,9% atau Rp83.012 per kapita/bulan.
The oldest available name for the pampas cat of the Uruguayan Savannah ecoregion is Leopardus fasciatus (Larrañaga 1923)

Based on a revision of historical and taxonomic accounts, we showed that Felis fasciatus Larrañaga, 1923, represents the oldest available Linnean name referable to the pampas cat endemic to the Uruguayan Savannah ecoregion, currently regarded as Leopardus munoai (Ximénez 1961). To anchor the name Felis fasciatus to Uruguayan specimens, we designated a neotype for this taxon with terra typica in Estancia San Cristóbal, Arroyo Limetas, Conchillas, Department of Colonia, Uruguay. Since Larrañaga's fasciatus represents a senior synonym of L. munoai, it takes precedence and, in compliance with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, it must therefore be used to refer to the "Uruguayan" pampas cat, L. fasciatus (Larrañaga 1923), for which we suggested the vernacular name "Larrañaga’s pampas cat".
REVISITING THE THERMAL STABILITY OF RADIATION-DOMINATED THIN DISKS

The standard thin disk model predicts that when the accretion rate is over a small fraction of the Eddington rate, which corresponds to L ≳ 0.06 LEdd, the inner region of the disk is radiation-pressure dominated and thermally unstable. However, observations of the high/soft state of black hole X-ray binaries with luminosity well within this regime (0.01LEdd ≲ L ≲ 0.5LEdd) indicate that the disk has very little variability, i.e., it is quite stable. Recent radiation magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a vertically stratified shearing box have confirmed the absence of the thermal instability. In this paper, we revisit the thermal stability by linear analysis, taking into account the role of magnetic field in the accretion flow. By assuming that the field responds negatively to a positive temperature perturbation, we find that the threshold of accretion rate above which the disk becomes thermally unstable increases significantly compared with the case of not considering the role of magnetic field. This accounts for the stability of the observed sources with high luminosities. Our model also presents a possible explanation as to why only GRS 1915+105 seems to show thermally unstable behavior. This peculiar source holds the highest accretion rate (or luminosity) among the known high state sources, which is well above the accretion rate threshold of the instability.
THE PERCEPTION OF TOURISM STUDENTS OF DLSU-D ON TRAVEL DECISION MAKING DURING PANDEMIC

The COVID-19 pandemic heavily impacted the people everyday lives including traveling. Travelers had to adjust with the new normal of traveling which changed their perception in travel decision-making. This study determined the perception of Tourism students on travel decision-making during the pandemic. The existing changes demonstrated by previous studies were analyzed by determining the effects of COVID-19 on the decision-making of young travelers based on their perception of traveling during the pandemic. The study adapted the concept of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs following the basic needs stated, which are physiological, safety, and love & belongingness needs. Moreover, this study utilized a descriptive method with a quantitative approach using simple-random sampling. A 4-point Likert scale survey was used for the data gathering tool and the statistical treatments were Analysis of Variance and T-test. The validation process was assisted by tourism professionals from the locale of the study. The results of the study depicted that there were significant differences in the perception on love and belongingness needs, and in the overall perception on travel decision-making between male and female respondents. There was also a significant difference between the 18-21 years and 22-25 years age groups regarding safety needs. On the contrary, there were no significant differences between male and female respondents’ perceptions regarding their physiological and safety needs in terms of travel decision-making; and no significant differences were found among physiological needs, love & belongingness needs, and overall perception on travel decision-making between the 18-21 years and 22-25 years age. The researchers recommended replication of this study and utilization of the conceptual framework. Finally, based on the results and conclusions, coordination with existing Tourism sectors such as transportation, lodging, food and beverage, recreation and entertainment, and travel services that implement proper preventive COVID-19 measures was implied by the researchers.
A comparison of Artificial Bee Colony algorithm and the Genetic Algorithm with the purpose of minimizing the total distance for the Vehicle Routing Problem

: Nowadays, the vehicle routing problem is one of the most important combinational optimization problems and it has received much attention because of its real application in industrial and service-related contexts. It is considered an important topic in the logistics industry and in the field of operations research. This paper focuses on the comparison between two metaheuristics namely the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and the Discrete Artificial Bee Colony (DABC) algorithm in order to solve the vehicle routing problem with a capacity constraint. In the first step, an initial population with good solutions is created, and in the second step, the routing problem is solved by employing the genetic algorithm which incorporates genetic operators and the discrete artificial bee colony algorithm which incorporates neighbourhood operators which are used for improving the obtained solutions. Experimental tests were performed on a set of 14 instances from the literature in the case of which the related number of customers ranges typically from 50 to 200, in order to assess the effectiveness of the two employed approaches. The computational results showed that the DABC algorithm obtained good solutions and a lower computational time in comparison with the GA algorithm. They also indicated that the DABC outperformed the state-of-the-art algorithms in the context of vehicle routing for certain instances.
Linking jet emission and X-ray properties in the peculiar neutron star X-ray binary Circinus X-1

We present the results of simultaneous X-ray and radio observations of the peculiar Z-type neutron star X-ray binary Cir X-1, observed with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer satellite and the Australia Telescope Compact Array in 2000 October and 2002 December. We identify typical Z-source behaviour in the power density spectra as well as characteristic Z patterns drawn in an X-ray hardness-intensity diagram. Power spectra typical of bright atoll sources have also been identified at orbital phases after the periastron passage, while orbital phases before the periastron passage are characterized by power spectra that are typical neither of Z nor of atoll sources. We investigate the coupling between the X-ray and the radio properties, focusing on three orbital phases when an enhancement of the radio flux density has been detected, to test the link between the inflow (X-ray) and the outflow (radio jet) to/from the compact object. In two out of three cases, we associate the presence of the radio jet to a spectral transition in the X-rays, although the transition does not precede the radio flare, as detected in other Z sources. An analogous behaviour has recently been found in the black hole candidate GX 339-4. In the third case, the radio light curve shows a similar shape to the X-ray light curve. We discuss our results in the context of jet models, considering also black hole candidates.
Viterbi decoding and /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulation

/spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulation is used in many different ways because it allows a high-precision signal to be generated from binary quantized data. An example of such an application is half-tone printing in which each dot can be either on or off and the image to be rendered is gray scale. The authors examine /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulation as an optimization algorithm and show that, although the first order /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ is optimum, there are usually significantly superior techniques. They present some new list decoding techniques applicable to filters which are infinite state machines.
MOLECULAR DETECTION OF RAW MEAT FOR SOME ANIMAL SPECIES USING RFLP-PCR TECHNIQUE

Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene plays a serious role in studying adulteration of meat species. This research study designed to distinguish the raw meat species of sheep, goat, cattle and donkey using RFLP-PCR technique of a universal cyt b gene 359bp. Ten indigenous samples were collected from each animal in different parts of the body. All the samples were processed for DNA isolation and amplified with a Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplicons were cleavage with HinfI and RsaI restriction enzymes, digestion of PCR product resulted in production of specific characterization bands for each species then analyzed by agarose electrophoresis. HinfI RE created three fragments for sheep, goat and cattle, with some similarities in a few bands between them, while yielded two bands for donkey. RsaI RE produced two bands for all species with different length except sheep and goats have the same length. Thus, results recommend that the RFLP-PCR technique with HinfI and RsaI play an important role to detect the animal meat species, since it is a fast, simple and easily handle method for identification of animal species.
RTV-SiR based composites aged in a multi-stressed environment under AC and bipolar DC voltages

Silicone rubber-based polymers are gradually replacing traditional insulators in outdoor applications due to their numerous advantages, in particular high hydrophobicity that is important for suppressing leakage current and hence surface flashover. However, the main problem with polymeric composites is their aging when exposed to environmental stresses causing loss of their desired properties and expected lifetime. In this work, aging behavior of three types of room temperature vulcanized silicon rubber (RTV-SiR) loaded with nano-silica and micro-ATH is studied. Samples of the materials with different specifications were fabricated and exposed to various environmental stresses in two specially designed weather chambers under both AC and bipolar DC voltages for a time period of 9000 hours. Thereafter, diagnosis was performed for identifying the degree of deterioration using several techniques. These include hydrophobicity classification, measurements of leakage current and mechanical properties, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetric analysis. Results of the conducted experiments indicated stronger degradation of the desired properties under positive DC stress as compared to the AC and negative DC voltages. Moreover, silicone rubber doped with nano-sized particles of silica filler demonstrated better anti-aging performance as compared to its micro-ATH filled counterpart.