Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Catalyst-free soft-template synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon tailored using phloroglucinol/glyoxylic acid environmentally friendly precursors

Carbon porous materials with a periodically ordered pore structure, controlled pore size and geometry and high thermal stability are synthesized using self-assembly of environmentally friendly phloroglucinol/glyoxylic acid precursors with an amphiphilic triblock copolymer template. Glyoxylic acid, a plant-derived compound, is used for the first time as a substituent of carcinogen formaldehyde usually employed in such a synthesis. Thanks to the double functionality, i.e., aldehyde and carboxylic acid, glyoxylic acid plays not only the role of a cross-linker for the formation of the resin but also the role of a catalyst by creation of H-bonding or specific reactions between the precursors. Hence, no extra catalyst such as strong acids (HCl) or bases (NaOH) is any longer required. Carbon films and powders were successfully prepared with high surface areas (up to 800 m2 g−1), high porous volume (up to 1 cm3 g−1), tunable pore size (0.6 nm to 7 nm) and various pore architectures (hexagonal, cubic, and ink-bottle) by tuning the precursor ratio and by applying different manufacturing engineering strategies. Insights on the synthesis mechanism of the phenolic resin and carbon mesostructures were obtained using several analysis techniques, i.e., nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and FTIR spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption coupled with mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA).
How Flexible Work Arrangements Affects Affective Organizational Commitment, and Work-Life Enrichment in Pakistan’s Service Industry: The Role of Time Planning, Work-Life Conflict, and Engagement

Work-life balance is now being encouraged in organizations across different cultures. Moreover, amidst the current ‘pandemic’ status of widespread disease COVID-19, its essential for businesses to operate remotely as FWAs response to these challenges. The purpose is to focus on explaining how FWAs induce affective commitment as well as help in achieving work-life enrichment. For this, we proposed a theoretical framework hypothesizing that FWAs reduce work-life conflicts as well as make employees more engaged. The effect of FWAs on these two is also complemented by better time planning. Reduction of conflicts and enhanced engagement would, in turn, increase affective organizational commitment and work-life enrichment. Empirical significance was calculated by performing a survey using a questionnaire to collect data from 300 service sector employees in Pakistan. We determined our results by using structural equation modeling. The results suggested that FWAs are significantly and positively related to affective organizational commitment, engagement, and Human Resource Research ISSN 1948-5441 2020, Vol. 4, No. 1 http://hrr.macrothink. org 270 work-life enrichment, whereas negatively and significantly affect work-life conflict. Moreover, engagement also positively affects enrichment and affective commitment. Surprisingly, work-life conflict seems to positively affect work-life enrichment. Time planning seems to negatively complement the effect of FWAs on work-life conflict whereas, positively affect engagement. This study concludes that positive outcomes are generated by simply providing FWAs and more friendly policies whereby increasing effectiveness and ensuring business success continuity.
Korean evidence on auditor switching for opinion shopping and capital market perceptions of audit quality

ABSTRACT This study examines whether auditor switching for opinion shopping (OS) influences investors’ perceptions of audit quality (proxied by earnings response coefficients; ERCs). To the extent that audit quality deteriorates after firms switch auditors for OS, investors are less likely to rely on these firms’ audited earnings. This may result in a negative association between auditor switching for OS and ERCs. However, when the intention for auditor switching is undetected by investors, ERCs would do not differ depending on whether firms switch auditors for OS or not. We find that firms switching auditors for OS have lower ERCs than non-switching firms or those that switch for other reasons, suggesting that investors perceive auditor switching for OS as evidence of impaired auditor independence.
An Analysis of Patient-Reported Recovery Outcomes of Topical Tripeptide/Hexapeptide Formulations Utilized in a Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Split Neck and Body Study

Abstract Background Physicians strive to improve the postsurgical experience and optimize patient-reported recovery outcome measures (PROMs) following elective cosmetic surgical procedures. Our previous pilot feasibility study demonstrated that twice daily postoperative topical body treatment with tripeptide and hexapeptide (TransFORM Body Treatment with TriHex Technology [TFB, Alastin Skincare, Inc., Carlsbad, CA]) reduced PROMs of swelling, induration, soft tissue fibrosis, and pain as well as improved visible and palpable skin quality. Objectives Evaluate whether adding a tripeptide/hexapeptide anhydrous gel (Regenerating Skin Nectar with TriHex Technology [RSN, Alastin Skincare, Inc., Carlsbad, CA]) pre- and post-procedure to the existing postsurgical regimen of TFB significantly improves 6 PROMs in patients undergoing neck and body contouring cosmetic surgical procedures. Methods Ten female patients underwent 15 neck and body contouring procedures and were blindly randomized to 1 of 2 topical treatment protocols (1 [TFB] and 2 [RSN/TFB]) pre- and post-procedure. Patient-reported scores of 5 skin parameters (skin discoloration, ecchymosis, edema, induration, and subcutaneous fibrous banding) and pain scores using the Visual Analog Scale were collected at 8 intervals for 12 weeks post-procedure. Results The treatment side that used both topicals showed significantly reduced scores of edema, induration, and subcutaneous fibrous banding compared with the side that only used 1 topical, on days 5–7 and 10–14 (P < 0.05). All patients observed slower soft tissue recovery on the side that was treated with TFB alone and opted to break the code and use both topical treatments. Conclusions Patients had statistically significant improved patient-reported measures of skin edema, skin induration, and subcutaneous banding on the operated side that used both topicals. Level of Evidence: 2
Investigating on the Residue of Organophosphate Pesticides in the Water of the Hablehrood River, Garmsar, Iran

Background: Organophosphate pesticides are of concern to the drinking water supply and high risks on human health. Methods: An occurrence survey was performed in the spring and summer of 2016 for 6 months to assess the prevalence of organophosphate pesticides in the Hablehrood River that is located in Semnan Province. Besides, 10 kinds of organophosphate pesticides were sampled in 5 stations. Moreover, were measured by Gas Chromatography (GC) was supported by an electron capture detector (ECD) and Turbochrom software. In all stations, Diazinon was detected in the spring and summer, but Malathion only in the spring. Results: The highest concentration of Diazinon was observed at the Mahmoud Abad station in spring (0.94ppb) and the Bonekooh station in the summer (0.93ppb). The highest and lowest concentrations of Malathion were detected in Mahmoud Abad (0.35ppb), and Gache station, respectively. Conclusion: The concentration of pesticides in BoneKooh and Mahmood Abad was higher than the standard.
Multifrequency Inversion of Ps and Sp Receiver Functions: Methodology and Application to USArray Data

We image the thermochemical structure of crust and mantle underneath the North American continent by inverting recordings of P‐to‐s (Ps) and S‐to‐p (Sp) converted seismic body waves (receiver functions [RFs]). Through careful data selection and processing, we construct a multifrequency Ps (5‐, 8‐, and 10 ‐s) and Sp (10‐ and 15‐ s) RF data set from USArray recordings. The inversion is interfaced with petrological phase equilibria computations to build self‐consistent radial seismic velocity and density models for RF waveform simulations. Inverted models are combined through back‐projection along converted raypaths and interpolation to tomographic images of crust and mantle structure. Through clustering analysis we identify three major tectonic regions based on mantle thermochemical and seismic structure: the tectonically active West (TAW), the central transition region (CTR), and the cratonic‐orogenic East (COE). TAW is chemically more fertile with a Mg# ∼ 0.90 (molar Mg# = Mg/(Mg + Fe)) and characterized by an elevated mantle potential temperature of 1490 ± 27°C relative to COE, which is chemically more depleted (Mg# ∼ 0.91) and colder (1419 ± 27°C). CTR is intermediate to TAW and COE. We find significant thermochemically induced topography associated with the base of the lithosphere (±90 km), while the mantle transition zone is mostly influenced by thermally induced topography on the 410‐km discontinuity (±15 km). In contrast, the 660‐km discontinuity, where variations are only ±5 km, reflects a more complex thermochemical interplay. To place the results in a tectonic context, thermobarometric estimates from basaltic rocks across the western United States are integrated with the seismic inversions to produce a thermal model of the underlying mantle.
Conceptual modelling for the design of groundwater control systems

Groundwater control is required to allow excavations and tunnels to be formed in stable and workably dry conditions below groundwater level. Representative and relevant conceptual models are an essential requirement for the successful development of groundwater control schemes. Prior to construction, conceptual models can aid the planning of ground investigations to help select borehole depths, borehole locations and hydrogeological testing methods. During construction the effectiveness of groundwater control techniques will vary with different hydrogeological conditions and the hydraulic conductivity of the strata. A sound conceptual model reduces the risk of designs being developed using inappropriate approaches to groundwater control. Common misconceptions include the assumption of a single aquifer (where multiple aquifers and aquitards exist) and cases where significant transmissive zones (which may act as aquifers) are not identified. Other errors include assuming that groundwater levels reported during site investigations are representative of maximum levels that may occur during construction, or not considering the risk of external impacts caused by groundwater control methods. A suggested framework to produce better models is problem–solution–technology–impacts. This framework can avoid some of the common misconceptions that have resulted in problems during the design and implementation of groundwater control schemes. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Ground models in engineering geology and hydrogeology collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection. org/cc/Ground-models-in-engineering-geology-and-hydrogeology
How governance structure, terrorism, and internationalisation affect innovation? Evidence from Pakistan

ABSTRACT The existing studies on innovation extensively focused on such economic factors as foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, trade openness, and R&D investments. Contrastingly, non-economic factors have received less research attention in the innovation literature. Lousy governance may lead to political and institutional ineffectiveness. Widespread corruption weakens the accountability practices and rule of law and may consequently hamper innovation. Similarly, terrorism deters flows of investment, increases unproductive costs, causes brain drains, decreases R&D investment and entrepreneurial activities and finally inhibits rates of innovation. This study empirically investigates the impacts of governance structure, terrorism, FDI inflows, and trade openness upon innovation in a laggard country: Pakistan. The findings via the ARDL co-integration approach show that lousy governance, terrorism and FDI inflows have adverse impacts on innovation. Trade openness positively influences innovation, but only in the long run. The results across several robust checks remain the same. Policy implications are also discussed.
Association of a novel PKHD1 mutation in a family with autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease

Background Autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (ADPLD) is characterized by multiple cysts in the liver without (or only occasional) renal cysts. At least seven genes are associated with high risk for developing ADPLD; however, clear genetic involvement is undetermined in more than 50% of ADPLD patients. Methods To identify additional ADPLD-associated genes, we collected 18 unrelated Chinese ADPLD cases, and performed whole exome sequencing on all the participants. After filtering the sequencing data against the human gene mutation database (HGMD) professional edition, we identified new mutations. We then sequenced this gene in family members of the patient. Results Among the 18 ADPLD cases analyzed by whole exome sequencing, we found 2 cases with a PRKCSH mutation (~11.1%), 2 cases with a PKD2 mutation (~11.1%), 1 case with both PKHD1 and PKD1 mutations (~5.6%), 1 case with GANAB mutation (~5.6%), 1 case with PKHD1 mutation (~5.6%), and 1 case with PKD1 mutations (~5.6%). We identified a new PKHD1 missense mutation in an ADPLD family, in which both patients showed innumerable small hepatic cysts, as reported previously. Additionally, we found that PRKCSH and SEC63 mutation frequencies were lower in the Chinese population compared with those in European and American populations. Conclusions We report a family with ADPLD associated with a novel PKHD1 mutation (G1210R). The genetic profile of ADPLD in the Chinese population is different from that in European and American populations, suggesting that further genetic research on genetic mutation of ADPLD in the Chinese population is warranted.
Land Surface Temperature Trend and Its Drivers in East Africa

Land surface temperature (LST) is affected by surface‐atmosphere interaction. Yet, the degree to which surface and atmospheric factors impact the magnitude of LST trend is not well established. Here, we used surface energy balance, boosted regression tree model, and satellite observation and reanalysis data to unravel the effects of surface factors (albedo, sensible heat, latent heat, and ground heat) as well as incoming radiation (shortwave and longwave) on LST trends in East Africa (EA). Our result showed that 11% of EA was affected by significant (p < 0.05) daytime annual LST trends, which exhibited both cooling of −0.19 K year−1 (mainly in South Sudan and Sudan) and warming of 0.22 K year−1 (mainly in Somalia and Kenya). The nighttime LST trends affected a large part of EA (31%) and were dominated by significant warming trend (0.06 K year−1). Influenced by contrasting daytime and nighttime LST trends, the diurnal LST range reduced in 15% of EA. The modeling result showed that latent heat flux (32%), incoming longwave radiation (30%), and shortwave radiation (23%) were stronger in explaining daytime LST trend. The effects of surface factors were stronger in both cooling and warming trends, whereas atmospheric factors had stronger control only on surface cooling trends. These results indicate the differential control of surface and atmospheric factors on warming and cooling trends, highlighting the importance of considering both factors for accurate evaluation of the LST trends in the future.
Private Label and Macroeconomic Indicators: Europe and USA

In this study, we have analyzed the impact and evolution of some of the most important macroeconomic indices on the market share and value of private brands. The originality and objective of this work is the linkage of macroeconomic variables in European countries and the USA with the evolution of private labels in these countries. A sample of 19 European countries and all states within the USA has been collected over a 10-year period, including data on private labels and macroeconomic indices. The analysis of the panel data has been applied using the SPSS software through the Ljung–Box test. The most significant data from the sample study is that for GDP; we advised national brand managers to make a special communication effort in nations that offer a lower GDP within Europe for their volume and in value for the US. On the other hand, it was found that when the unemployment rate increases, the value of private label market share decreases for the US, but increases for Europe, in addition to other findings that will help organizations make different business decisions.
Stable fast‐charging electrodes derived from hierarchical porous carbon for lithium‐ion batteries

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used for powering electric vehicles (EVs), however, the charging time of LIBs is considerably higher than the refueling time of petrol‐fueled vehicles, which limits the applications of LIBs. Materials that can overcome this limitation should be developed, and these materials should be inexpensive to commercialize. In this study, activated carbon (AC) was used as an anode material in LIB to satisfy both the requirements. The surface and pore structure of commercial AC was suitably modified for fast charging using physical and chemical activation methods, that is, P‐AC and C‐AC, respectively. We focused on the stability of various kinds of electrode materials, such as AC, C‐AC, P‐AC, commercial graphite, and graphene, under fast‐charging conditions. Among these methods, P‐AC exhibited the most stable and highest capacity during 500 cycles at the 5C rate, although the initial capacity (<50 cycles) of P‐AC was given the second priority. We believe that the suitable mixture of meso‐ and micropores in P‐ACs increases the diffusivity and insertion rate of the Li‐ion (solvation) at fast‐charging condition, thereby leading to higher long‐term stability.
Kinetics of C Mineralization of Biochars in Three Excessive Compost-Fertilized Soils: Effects of Feedstocks and Soil Properties

The aim of this work was to compare the carbon (C) mineralization kinetics of three biochars (Formosan ash (Fraxinus formosana Hayata), ash biochar; Makino bamboo (Phyllostachys makino Hayata), bamboo biochar; and lead tree (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de. Wit), lead tree biochar) applied with two addition rates (2 and 5 wt %) in three excessive compost-fertilized (5 wt %) soils (one Oxisols and two Inceptisols), and to ascertain the increasing or decreasing effect of biochar and soil type in the presence of excessive compost. The study results of 400 days incubation indicated that, in general, the potential of the three biochars for C sequestration is similar in the three studied soils. The presence of excessive compost stimulated the co-mineralization of the more labile components of biochar over the short term (first two months). The potential of biochar addition for neutralizing soil pH and regulating the release of Al from soil for preserving soil organic carbon (SOC) might be the important mechanisms in biochar-compost interactions, especially in the presence of excessive compost. Overall, 5% application rate of three high temperature-pyrolysis biochars showed the less detriments to studied soils. In these incubations of biochar, excessive compost, and soil, it is a decreasing effect overall, that is, the enhanced storage of both biochar-C and SOC, which is expected as a long-term carbon sequestration in soil. The recorded direction and magnitude of effect, both are strongly influenced by biochar and soil type. When co-applied with excessive compost, the negative (reducing CO2 release) effect with increasing biochar application rates was eliminated.
Cost and Informativeness of Regulatory Reports: Evidence from the UK

Abstract The 2006 EU Directive established an EU-wide system for public oversight of the audit profession. In the UK, since 2008 the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) has published inspection reports for major audit firms, which include overall quality ratings for the individual audit engagements of each audit firm under review. This study examines the FRC’s ratings, and measures their impact on audit fees and audit firm switching. A significant increase in audit fees is found when the audit firm has a higher proportion of engagements with deficient ratings, probably arising from the additional effort and resources needed to meet the FRC’s requirements. This impact is more concentrated among clients with Big 4 audit firms. However, there is no evidence that FRC ratings affect clients’ likelihood of switching audit firms, suggesting that inspection results may not signal audit quality, and thus do not affect clients’ audit firm appointment decisions. The results provide evidence that inspection ratings may increase audit costs, but may not be valuable in distinguishing audit quality, and thus have no effect on audit committees’ audit firm appointment decisions. This finding advances understanding of the effectiveness of the audit inspection regime, and provides auditing regulators with guidance on policy making.
Public support for a union default: Predicting factors and implications for public policy

Drawing on survey findings, in this article the authors examine levels of public support in New Zealand for a union default. The key findings are that support is high (59%), that support is principally predicted by a belief in the default’s effectiveness for improving employees’ lives, and that this belief mediates a number of other predictors, such as union membership, non-union by choice, political party, household income, gender and age. There are strong grounds for believing this would translate into actual support for a union default and a consequent rise in union membership. These findings are contextualised with regard to Australia, Britain, Canada and the United States, where the authors draw out the implications for public policy and how a union default could be operationalised in the countries under study.
General Factor Mean Difference Estimation in Bifactor Models with Ordinal Data

ABSTRACT A simulation study was conducted to explore robustness of general factor mean difference estimation in bifactor measurement models with ordered-categorical measures. Common analysis misspecifications in which generated bifactor data were fitted using a unidimensional model and/or ordered-categorical data were treated as continuous were compared under generation conditions varying by sample size, number of response categories, effect size of the general factor mean difference, and loadings on the specific factors. Fitting bifactor data using unidimensional models resulted in estimation bias in the general factor mean difference, with magnitude largely determined by degree of unidimensionality and size of the general factor mean difference. Although bifactor models produced less estimation bias, estimates were less precise. Modeling the data as categorical and employing the WLSMV estimator provided somewhat more power, whereas modeling the data as continuous and applying MLR produced relatively less estimation bias when unidimensional models were specified for strongly bifactor data.