Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activity of Na + ,K + -ATPase in a 'freshwater shrimp', Palaemonetes argentinus (Caridea, Palaemonidae): ontogenetic and salinity-induced changes

Embryos, larvae, and adults of Palaemonetes argentinus tolerate a wide range of salin- ities (1 to 25‰). While osmoregulatory capacities have previously been demonstrated in all post- embryonic stages, little is known about the occurrence of osmoregulation during the embryonic phase. We examined ontogenetic and salinity-induced changes in the activity of a key enzyme involved in osmoregulation, Na + ,K + -ATPase. Its activity was studied in: (1) eggs at an early (SI), an intermediate (SII), and a late stage of embryonic development (SIII); (2) in newly hatched larvae (Zoea-I, ZI); and in homogenates of (3) whole adults and (4) isolated gill tissue. All stages were directly exposed to 1, 15, or 25‰, and Na + ,K + -ATPase activity was chemically determined 24 h (embryos, larvae) or 48 h later (adults). Enzyme activity was detected in all developmental stages, being low in SI and SII, maximum in SIII, and intermediate in ZI and adults. Maximum salinity- induced activity changes prior to hatching (SIII) suggest that hyper-osmoregulatory functions are expressed by the end of the embryonic phase. The ontogenetic activity maximum at this stage, how- ever, may also be related to the hatching process. Comparing different salinities, Na + ,K + -ATPase activity in SIII was always highest at 15‰, whereas the activity in gills was higher at both 15 and 25‰ than at 1‰. While gills are absent in the embryonic and early larval stages, ion-transporting cells must be located elsewhere during these early ontogenetic stages, probably in the brachiostegites.
Attribution of individual methane and carbon dioxide emission sources using EMIT observations from space

Carbon dioxide and methane emissions are the two primary anthropogenic climate-forcing agents and an important source of uncertainty in the global carbon budget. Uncertainties are further magnified when emissions occur at fine spatial scales (<1 km), making attribution challenging. We present the first observations from NASA’s Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) imaging spectrometer showing quantification and attribution of fine-scale methane (0.3 to 73 tonnes CH4 hour−1) and carbon dioxide sources (1571 to 3511 tonnes CO2 hour−1) spanning the oil and gas, waste, and energy sectors. For selected countries observed during the first 30 days of EMIT operations, methane emissions varied at a regional scale, with the largest total emissions observed for Turkmenistan (731 ± 148 tonnes CH4 hour−1). These results highlight the contributions of current and planned point source imagers in closing global carbon budgets.
Determinants of participation in glaucoma genomic research in South East Nigeria: A cross-sectional analytical study

Background Genomic research advances the understanding of human health and disease. It also drives both the discovery of salient genetic association(s) as well as targeted screening, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Human subject participation is crucial for the success of genomic research. Methods This is a cross sectional analytical study conducted at two tertiary centers in Enugu Southeast Nigeria. Semi structured questionnaires were administered to eligible consenting participants. Data on their demographics, willingness to participate in genomic research and motivation for participation were obtained. Data was analyzed using Stata version 17 and summarized using median, frequencies and interquartile range(IQR). Associations between covariates were evaluated with Chi square test and multivariable logistic regression. Results Among 228 glaucoma subjects who participated in our study,119(52.2%) were female and 109(47.8%) were male. The median age was 64 years(IQR = 50–76). Although 219 (96.0%) participants expressed willingness to participate in a glaucoma genetic study, only 27(11.9%) of them will be willing to participate if there will not be feedback of results to participants (χ2 = 18.59, P<0.001). No participant expressed willingness to submit ocular tissue samples. Majority (96.2%) of subjects will not participate if the intended research required submission of body samples after death. Desire to know more about glaucoma (63%) was the most common reason for participation. In a multivariable logistic model, subjects between 61–90 years (p = 0.004, OR = 7.2) were 7 times more likely to express willingness to participate in glaucoma genetic research after adjusting for other covariates when compared to subjects aged 41–60 years. Other covariates did not influence participants’ willingness. Conclusion Glaucoma subjects are more likely to be willing to participate in genetic research, if they would receive feedback of results. Willingness to participate in genetic research is significantly associated with age. Limitations We did not evaluate the salient options for feedback of results to participants in our study.
Spatio‐temporal shifts in British wild bees in response to changing climate

Abstract Climate plays a major role in determining where species occur, and when they are active throughout the year. In the face of a changing climate, many species are shifting their ranges poleward. Many species are also shifting their emergence phenology. Wild bees in Great Britain are susceptible to changes in climatic conditions but little is known about historic or potential future spatio‐temporal trends of many species. This study utilized a sliding window approach to assess the impacts of climate on bee emergence dates, estimating the best temperature window for predicting emergence dates for 88 species of wild bees. Using a ‘middle‐of‐the‐road’ (RCP 4.5) and ‘worst‐case’ (RCP 8.5) climate scenario for the period 2070–2079, predictions of future emergence dates were made. In general, the best predicting climate window occurred in the 0–3 months preceding emergence. Across the 40 species that showed a shift in emergence dates in response to a climate window, the mean advance was 13.4 days under RCP 4.5 and 24.9 days under RCP 8.5. Species distribution models (SDMs) were used to predict suitable climate envelopes under historic (1980–1989), current (2010–2019) and future (2070–2079 under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios) climate conditions. These models predict that the climate envelope for 92% of studied species has increased since the 1980s, and for 97% and 93% of species under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 respectively, this is predicted to continue, due to extension of the northern range boundary. While any range changes will be moderated by habitat availability, it highlights that Great Britain will likely experience northward shifts of bee populations in the future. By combining spatial and temporal trends, this work provides an important step towards informing conservation measures suitable for future climates, directing how interventions can be provided in the right place at the right time.
Trust and reciprocity norms in the analysis of social capital related to udder health. A mixed methods approach with dairy farmers and veterinarians from the north of Antioquia

Understanding trust between dairy farmers and other actors in the dairy chain, as well as the reciprocity norms among them are fundamental to encouraging collective action and decision-making to improve milk production and udder health. The objective of this study was to understand the relationships of trust between dairy farmers and other actors in the dairy chain related to udder health in the north of Antioquia. Mixed methods (cross-sectional and grounded theory) with a convergent triangulation design were used. A total of 216 dairy farmers participated in the quantitative component, and 17 dairy farmers and 9 veterinarians in the qualitative component, they were located in 9 milk-producing municipalities in the north of Antioquia. A characterization survey of the dairy farmers, a survey on reliability and udder health, an analysis of each farm’s annual average BTSCC and CFU, and semi-structured interviews on the same topic were conducted. Problems were found in the biological indicators of udder health on the farms: BTSCC was poor for 67% of the dairy farmers, and CFU was poor for 22% of the dairy farmers. Veterinarians are the actors whom dairy farmers trust the most. Trust in dairy chain actors is complex, variable, and depends on many aspects. Trust representation, Socio-cultural Factors, Economic and Commercial Factors, Labor, Clinical and Laboratory Conditions of Milk, and Norms of Reciprocity constitute the categories of analysis when theorizing about trust and udder health. Each of the theoretical and emerging categories in this study describes actors, attitudes, behaviors, relationships between actors, and norms, allowing us to understand that trust between dairy farmers and other actors in the dairy chain in order to face the problems of udder health and milk production depends on technical processes, individual and collective human attitudes and behaviors, supply of services, political, regulative and economic determinants, the latter being transcendental in decision-making to invest in mastitis control and udder health care.
Determinants of genetic diversity in Neotropical salamanders (Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossini)

Abstract Genetic diversity is the raw material of evolution, yet the reasons why it varies among species remain poorly understood. While studies at deeper phylogenetic scales point to the influence of life history traits on genetic diversity, it appears to be more affected by population size but less predictable at shallower scales. We used proxies for population size, mutation rate, direct selection, and linked selection to test factors affecting genetic diversity within a diverse assemblage of Neotropical salamanders, which vary widely for these traits. We estimated genetic diversity of noncoding loci using ddRADseq and coding loci using RNAseq for an assemblage of Neotropical salamanders distributed from northern Mexico to Costa Rica. Using ddRADseq loci, we found no significant association with genetic diversity, while for RNAseq data we found that environmental heterogeneity and proxies of population size predict a substantial portion of the variance in genetic diversity across species. Our results indicate that diversity of coding loci may be more predictable than that of noncoding loci, which appears to be mostly unpredictable at shallower phylogenetic scales. Our results suggest that coding loci may be more appropriate for genetic diversity estimates used in conservation planning because of the lack of any association between the variables we used and genetic diversity of noncoding loci.
Single-cell RNAseq analysis of spinal locomotor circuitry in larval zebrafish

Identification of the neuronal types that form the specialized circuits controlling distinct behaviors has benefited greatly from the simplicity offered by zebrafish. Electrophysiological studies have shown that in addition to connectivity, understanding of circuitry requires identification of functional specializations among individual circuit components, such as those that regulate levels of transmitter release and neuronal excitability. In this study, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to identify the molecular bases for functional distinctions between motoneuron types that are causal to their differential roles in swimming. The primary motoneuron, in particular, expresses high levels of a unique combination of voltage-dependent ion channel types and synaptic proteins termed functional ‘cassettes. ’ The ion channel types are specialized for promoting high-frequency firing of action potentials and augmented transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction, both contributing to greater power generation. Our transcriptional profiling of spinal neurons further assigns expression of this cassette to specific interneuron types also involved in the central circuitry controlling high-speed swimming and escape behaviors. Our analysis highlights the utility of scRNAseq in functional characterization of neuronal circuitry, in addition to providing a gene expression resource for studying cell type diversity.
Comparing the accuracy of an ultrasound height measurement device with a wooden measurement board among children aged 2–5 years in rural Lao People’s Democratic Republic: A methods-comparison study

Background Height is a key component of nutrition assessments in children from limited-resource settings. This study aimed to assess whether handheld digital ultrasound devices for measuring children’s height provide comparable accuracy to traditional measurement boards, which are bulky and difficult to transport. Methods We trained 12 health workers to measure the standing height of 222 children aged 2–5 years in rural Lao People’s Democratic Republic using both the ultrasound device and measurement board. The Bland-Altman method was used to depict limits of agreement and potential bias. We reported the technical error of measurement (TEM) for precision and accuracy, then assessed these results against the Standardized Monitoring and Assessment for Relief and Transition (SMART) Manual 2.0 and the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS). Results The average difference between the ultrasound and board measurements was 0.096 cm (95% limits-of-agreement: 0.041cm, 0.61cm) with a systematic bias of 0.1cm (95% confidence interval: 0.067cm, 0.134cm), suggesting the ultrasound measurements were slightly higher than those from the board. The ultrasound and board TEMs for precision were 0.157cm and 0.091cm respectively. The accuracy TEM was 0.205cm. All TEMs were within SMART and WHO MGRS limits. Conclusion The ultrasound device is comparable to the measurement board among standing Lao children aged 2–5 years for precision and accuracy TEMs but showed a bias of 0.1cm. Further studies are required to assess whether calibration can minimise this bias and determine the ultrasound’s accuracy on recumbent length for infants and younger children.
A tomographic view of the Eastern Goldfields Province, Yilgarn Craton

Our knowledge of the crustal architecture of the Yilgarn Craton has increased greatly over the last few years with the collection of a wide range of seismic data. This range in seismic data varies from lithospheric-scale studies using distant earthquakes as sources to obtain information on the craton scale and down to depths in excess of 350 km, through regional scale studies providing information at the province scale and down to depths of 30-40km to mine camp scale studies providing information on the local scale and down to the top few kilometres of the crust. The location of these different seismic surveys is shown in Figure 1.
Women’s experiences and views of outpatient and inpatient induction of labor with oral misoprostol: A secondary qualitative study

INTRODUCTION As labor induction rates continue to increase, so has the interest in performing induction in an outpatient setting for pregnancies defined as low-risk. Twenty women participated in the pilot study of a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) comparing inpatient and outpatient labor induction with oral misoprostol. This study aimed to explore women’s experiences of outpatient induction of labor and their views on this as an alternative method to inpatient labor induction. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted, from November 2021 to January 2022 with eight women randomized to outpatient induction and four women randomized to inpatient induction. Verbatim transcribed interviews were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman’s content analysis. RESULTS Three main categories emerged: the required framework around outpatient labor induction, what felt better at home and what felt safer at the hospital. To feel secure at home, women needed sufficient information, close follow-up while at home, and an easy-to-administer induction method. Outpatient labor induction gave women the opportunity of constant support from the partner and increased freedom of movement and self-expression. Some expressed relief over being randomized to inpatient labor induction, because of easy access to health providers, fetal monitoring, and not risking giving birth before arrival to the hospital. Women stressed the importance of being given a choice. CONCLUSIONS Outpatient labor induction contributed to a positive birth experience and should be considered as an alternative for women with low-risk pregnancies. Shared decision-making, including the opportunity for women to change their mind, is essential as induction and early labor affects women’s whole childbirth experience.
Use of a bubble tiltmeter as a horizontal seismometer

Summary. A bubble tiltmeter has been used as a horizontal seismometer. With the appropriate filters, the bubble system has good response for displacement over the passband of conventional seismometers (from about 10 Hz to 200 s), and for tilt from about 1 Hz to DC. The accuracy of the response is confirmed by comparing the filtered bubble output to conventional seismic instruments. The agreement between the filtered bubble records and broad band (To= 1 s, Tg = 90 s) and short period (To= 1 s, Tg = 0.2 s) conventional records is extremely good in every case. The small size, broad-band response, and lack of moving parts make the bubble ideal as an instrument for remote environments. In particular, the instrument seems ideal for the ocean bottom, land and marine boreholes and planetary missions.
ADVANCES IN GLOBAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH: VOLUME 4

COVID-19 caused universities to close their doors and compelled the switch toward online education system, Although this option was the best and the only way that guarantees the continuity of studies, yet students were not satisfied, in front of this situation exploring the key factors that affect students' intention to accept online education is of vital importance, and that is what the study seeks to pursuit. To empirically test the intentions to use online learning, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) was applied to Algerian university students. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 213 college students of six universities in northern Algeria. Results showed that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) have positive and significant effects on students' intentions to use online learning systems. The obtained results validate the TPB framework which emphasizes the importance of TPB constructs to predict and explain intentions in the context of COVID-19 pandemic and online learning, which can have major implications for future researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in developing an effective online learning system for educational institutions in the context of health crises.
The impact of second transurethral resection on survival outcomes in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy

Abstract Objective Several guidelines recommended that second transurethral resection should be performed in patients with diagnosis of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, therapeutic benefits of second transurethral resection before bacillus Calmette–Guérin intravesical instillation were conflicting amongst previous studies. We investigated the prognostic impact of second transurethral resection before bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillation in high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients. Methods This retrospective study included 3104 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients who received bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillations between 2000 and 2019 at 31 collaborative institutions. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the risk factors of intravesical recurrence, disease progression, cancer-specific mortality and overall mortality. Results In the entire population, patients undergoing second transurethral resection (33%, 1026/3104) had a lower risk of intravesical recurrence on univariate analysis (hazard ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.73–0.98, P = 0.027), although it did not remain significant on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.76–1.07, P = 0.24). Subgroup analysis revealed that, in pT1 patients (n = 1487), second transurethral resection was significantly correlated with a lower risk of intravesical recurrence on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.64–1.00, P = 0.048), but lower risks of disease progression (hazard ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.56–1.00, P = 0.049), cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.35–0.85, P = 0.007) and overall mortality (hazard ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.55–0.97, P = 0.027) on univariate analysis. Conclusions Second transurethral resection confers accurate pathological staging and could be used to safely select good candidates for intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillation. We further confirm that second transurethral resection could confer an oncological benefit in pT1 bladder cancer patients treated by bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillation, and so strongly recommend second transurethral resection in this patient population.
Factors influencing advanced colorectal neoplasm anatomic site distribution in China: An epidemiological study based on colorectal cancer screening data

Existing studies indicate that advanced colorectal neoplasms exhibit distinct clinical and biological traits based on anatomical sites. However, in China, especially for advanced colorectal neoplasms, there's limited information available on these traits. Our primary objective is to comprehensively study the characteristics of advanced colorectal neoplasm patients in different anatomical sites in China.
Edwardsiella tarda Causing Septicemia in a Wild Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon)

Abstract: An adult Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) was found moribund in the Qinling area of China. Postmortem examination and histopathological analysis revealed lung inflammation and multi-organ hemorrhage. Bacterial isolation and whole-genome sequencing confirmed Edwardsiella tarda infection.
Neuroimaging and behavioral evidence that violent video games exert no negative effect on human empathy for pain and emotional reactivity to violence

Influential accounts claim that violent video games (VVGs) decrease players’ emotional empathy by desensitizing them to both virtual and real-life violence. However, scientific evidence for this claim is inconclusive and controversially debated. To assess the causal effect of VVGs on the behavioral and neural correlates of empathy and emotional reactivity to violence, we conducted a prospective experimental study using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We recruited 89 male participants without prior VVG experience. Over the course of two weeks, participants played either a highly violent video game or a non-violent version of the same game. Before and after this period, participants completed an fMRI experiment with paradigms measuring their empathy for pain and emotional reactivity to violent images. Applying a Bayesian analysis approach throughout enabled us to find substantial evidence for the absence of an effect of VVGs on the behavioral and neural correlates of empathy. Moreover, participants in the VVG group were not desensitized to images of real-world violence. These results imply that short and controlled exposure to VVGs does not numb empathy nor the responses to real-world violence. We discuss the implications of our findings regarding the potential and limitations of experimental research on the causal effects of VVGs. While VVGs might not have a discernible effect on the investigated subpopulation within our carefully controlled experimental setting, our results cannot preclude that effects could be found in settings with higher ecological validity, in vulnerable subpopulations, or after more extensive VVG play.