Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Curry: An Integrated Functional Logic Language

ion: A[x/τ ] ` e :: τ ′ A ` \x->e :: τ → τ ′ if τ is a type expression Existential: A[x/τ ] ` e :: Success A ` let x free in e :: Success if τ is a type expression Conditional: A ` e1 :: Bool A ` e2 :: τ A ` e3 :: τ A ` if e1 then e2 else e3 :: τ Figure 1: Typing rules for Curry programs equivalent to a type expression). A function type declaration f::τ is considered as an assignment of the type scheme ∀α1, . , αn. τ to f , where α1, . , αn are all type variables occurring in τ . The type τ is called a generic instance of the type scheme ∀α1, . , αn. τ ′ if there is a substitution σ = {α1 7→ τ1, . , αn 7→ τn} on the types with σ(τ ′) = τ . The types of all defined functions are collected in a type environment A which is a mapping from identifiers to type schemes. It contains at least the type schemes of the defined functions and an assignment of types for some local variables. An expression e is well-typed and has type τ w.r. t. a type environment A if A ` e :: τ is derivable according to the inference rules shown in Figure 1. A defining equation f t1 . tn = e [where x free] is well-typed w.r. t. a type environment A if A(f) = ∀α1, . , αm. τ [and A(x) is a type expression] and A ` \t1-> · · · \tn->e :: τ is derivable according to the above inference rules. A conditional equation l | c = r is considered (for the purpose of typing) as syntactic sugar for l = cond c r where cond is a new function with type scheme A(cond) = ∀α. Success→ α→ α. A program is well-typed if all its rules are well-typed with a unique assignment of type schemes to defined functions.10 Note that the following recursive definition is a well-typed Curry program according to the definition above (and the type definitions given in the prelude, cf. Appendix B): f :: [a] -> [a] f x = if length x == 0 then fst (g x x) else x g :: [a] -> [b] -> ([a],[b]) g x y = (f x, f y) h :: ([Int],[Bool]) h = g [3,4] [True,False] However, if the type declaration for g is omitted, the usual type inference algorithms are not able Here we assume that all local declarations are eliminated by the transformations described in Appendix D.8.
Dynamo action in thick discs around Kerr black holes: high-order resistive GRMHD simulations

ABSTRACT We present the ﬁrst kinematic study of an -dynamo in the General Relativistic Magneto-HydroDynamics (GRMHD) regime, applied to thick disks orbiting around Kerr black holesand using a fully covariant mean ﬁeld dynamo closure for the Ohm law. We show that the -dynamo mechanism leads to a continuous exponential growth of the magnetic ﬁeld within thedisk and to the formation of dynamo waves drifting away or toward the equatorial plane. Sincethe evolution of the magnetic ﬁeld occurs qualitatively in the same fashion as in the Sun, wepresent also butterﬂy diagrams that characterize our models and show the establishment of anadditional timescale, which depends on the microscopic properties of the turbulent motions,possibly providing an alternative explanation to periodicities observed in many high-energyastrophysical sources where accretion onto a rotating black hole is believed to operate.Key words: magnetic ﬁelds – MHD – dynamo – accretion – relativistic processes – plasmas. 1 INTRODUCTIONOrdered, large-scale magnetic ﬁelds are believed to be a fundamen-tal ingredient of the accretion processes that power many of theastrophysical sources of high-energy emission, like jets from Ac-tive Galactic Nuclei (McKinney & Blandford 2009) or Gamma RayBursts (Bucciantini et al. 2009; Rezzolla et al. 2011). This is par-ticularly true for the Blandford-Znajek mechanism (Blandford ZSantos-Lima, de Gouveia Dal Pino & Lazarian 2012) have shownhow the magnetic braking due to a preexisting large-scale magneticﬁeld can extract angular momentum from the cloud fast enough toprevent the formation of a disk. Turbulent reconnection can efﬁ-ciently inhibit the magnetic braking by removing magnetic ﬂux,and therefore a turbulent magnetic ﬁeld allows the formation ofa disk. However, turbulent motions and small-scale instabilities inaccretion disks, such as the Magneto-Rotational Instability (MRI)(Balbus 2003), could enhance the level of turbulent magnetic ﬁelds,but the tangled ﬁnal conﬁguration would not be able to drive largescale outﬂows.
Shape representations using nested descriptors

The problem of shape representation is a core problem in computer vision. It can be argued that shape representation is the most central representational problem for computer vision, since unlike texture or color, shape alone can be used for perceptual tasks such as image matching, object detection and object categorization. This dissertation introduces a new shape representation called the nested descriptor. A nested descriptor represents shape both globally and locally by pooling salient scaled and oriented complex gradients in a large nested support set. We show that this nesting property introduces a nested correlation structure that enables a new local distance function called the nesting distance, which provides a provably robust similarity function for image matching. Furthermore, the nesting property suggests an elegant flower like normalization strategy called a log-spiral difference. We show that this normalization enables a compact binary representation and is equivalent to a form a bottom up saliency. This suggests that the nested descriptor representational power is due to representing salient edges, which makes a fundamental connection between the saliency and local feature descriptor literature. In this dissertation, we introduce three examples of shape representation using nested descriptors: nested shape descriptors for imagery, nested motion descriptors for video and nested pooling for activities. We show evaluation results for these representations that demonstrate state-of-the-art performance for image matching, wide baseline stereo and activity recognition tasks. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Computer and Information Science First Advisor Jianbo Shi
Multistatic micro-Doppler radar signatures of personnel targets

This study extends the theory of the micro-Doppler effect into the multistatic domain, and considers how the multistatic micro-Doppler signature (μ-DS) will affect radar automatic target recognition (ATR). Real multistatic μ-DS of personnel targets are examined and their nature compared with theory and simulated results. It is demonstrated that the use of multistatic μ-DSs would increase the robustness of radar ATR systems to the problem of self-occlusion, where the target obscures itself. Redundancy in the multistatic μ-DS is identified, and how this may reduce the data fusion demands of multi-aspect classifiers is discussed. Also, information theory is used to demonstrate that the multistatic μ-DS contains more target information than the monostatic case. This result leads to the prediction that multi-aspect μ-DS-based radar ATR would have improved performance compared to single-aspect solutions.
Coupled magnetic–electric properties and critical behavior in multiferroic particulate composites

We report on a systematic experimental investigation of a class of multiferroic, three-phase particulate composite of Tb–Dy–Fe alloy, lead–zirconate–titanate (PZT), and polymer, in which a small volume fraction f of Tb–Dy–Fe alloy particles without and with the particle surfaces modified by an inactive surfactant are dispersed in PZT/polymer mixture. The measured electrical properties demonstrate that a percolation transition occurs in the three-phase composite as in normal two-phase metal–insulator continuum media. Our piezoelectric measurements also show a percolation transition which provides an experimental test of the critical behavior of the piezoelectric composites with conductive fillers in the percolation regime. Accordingly, the multiferroic composite exhibits increasing magnetoelectric response in the low f range, but such magnetoelectric response sharply drops when f approaches the percolation threshold above which the composite becomes a conductive, magnetostrictive composite only. The inacti.
Simulation of Heavy Lake-Effect Snowstorms across the Great Lakes Basin by RegCM4: Synoptic Climatology and Variability*,+

AbstractA historical simulation (1976–2002) of the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model, version 4 (ICTP RegCM4), coupled to a one-dimensional lake model, is validated against observed lake ice cover and snowfall across the Great Lakes Basin. The model reproduces the broad temporal and spatial features of both variables in terms of spatial distribution, seasonal cycle, and interannual variability, including climatological characteristics of lake-effect snowfall, although the simulated ice cover is overly extensive largely due to the absence of lake circulations. A definition is introduced for identifying heavy lake-effect snowstorms in regional climate model output for all grid cells in the Great Lakes Basin, using criteria based on location, wind direction, lake ice cover, and snowfall. Simulated heavy lake-effect snowstorms occur most frequently downwind of the Great Lakes, particularly to the east of Lake Ontario and to the east and south of Lake Superior, and.
Evaluating violin quality: How consistent are skilled players?

A perceptual experiment was designed to investigate how consistent violinists are at evaluating violin quality. The objective was to examine both intra‐ and inter‐subject consistency across a certain range of violins. Skilled classical violinists were asked to play a set of different violins, evaluate their quality, and order them by preference. Violins of different periods were used, varying from student to performance level. Low light conditions and dark sunglasses were used to hide the identity of the instruments as much as possible. Considering the bow as an extension of the player, violinists carried out the task using their own bow. Upon completing the task, participants had to comment on the ranking process and provide rationale for their choices. Preliminary results from a pilot study indicate that both intra‐ and inter‐subject consistency are high when violinists are presented a small group of instruments that are fairly distinct from one another. Results of a more in‐depth study (with more instruments, some very similar to one another) will be presented at the conference.
Plasma transport coefficients in a magnetic field by direct numerical solution of the Fokker–Planck equation

Significant departures from standard transport coefficients [e.g., Sov. Phys. JETP 6, 338 (1958)] have been found for the electron current and heat flux in a fully ionized plasma. These have been discovered by carrying out a direct and accurate numerical solution of the linearized Fokker–Planck equation using a Cartesian tensor expansion of the distribution function. The results, which were carried out for plasmas of various atomic numbers, show the presence of major inaccuracies (errors of up to 65%) in Braginskii coefficients β■, κ⊥, and κ■ (as conventionally defined) for Hall parameters ωτ in the range 0.3≲ωτ≲30. Surprisingly, α■ and β⊥ are found to depend on τ/(ωτ)2/3 and 1/(ωτ)5/3, and not on τ/(ωτ) and 1/(ωτ)2, respectively, as ωτ→∞. An analytic expansion for large ωτ verifies this result, showing that the relatively cold unmagnetized electrons in the distribution function play a dominant role in the cross‐field transport. The numerical results are fitted to within 15% to a polynomial in ωτ for vari.
Point-contacting by localised dielectric breakdown: Characterisation of a metallisation technique for the rear surface of a solar cell

Characterisation results are presented for ohmic contacts to passivated crystalline silicon, formed using the point-contacting by localised dielectric breakdown technique. Self aligned contact is made between the metal and heavily doped surface regions through an intrinsic a-Si:H passivation layer. Local doping is provided by a laser using a standard technique identical to that for selective emitter formation. Our results for gate metals of Au, Al, and Ti show that the technique does not rely on reactivity between the dielectric and the metal, excluding metal induced crystallisation from the contacting process. Diffusion of the gate metal into the dielectric is observed in transmission electron microscope images suggesting high temperatures are present locally during the breakdown process. The technique is equally applicable to contacting of n and p-type silicon, making it a potential alternative for ohmic contacting to silicon to passivated rear surfaces.
IF YOU ARE HAPPY AND YOU KNOW IT, YOUR SPEECH WILL SURELY SHOW IT: A CNN BASED SPEECH EMOTION DETECTOR

In this work, we address the task of Speech Emotion Recognition (SER). Inspired by the success of end-to-end systems to model acoustic information, we make use of a CNN based end-to-end framework for the classification of four emotion classes namely - angry, happy, neutral and sad. The framework use raw-speech for the classification task hence eliminating the step of extracting hand-crafted features. Further, inline with this task we investigate and address three specific research questions related to-1) the efficacy of the model, 2) the training setup and 3) modelling the network derived information. The study was conducted using the standard IEMOCAP corpus.
Trapping and Generation of Waves by Vertical Porous Structures

The trapping and generation of surface waves by submerged vertical permeable barriers or plates kept at one end of a semi-infinitely long channel of finite depth are investigated for various barrier and plate configurations. The various fixed barrier configurations are (1) a surface-piercing barrier; (2) a bottom-touching barrier; (3) a barrier with a gap; and (4) a fully submerged barrier. The different moving plate (or wavemaker) configurations are of types 1, 2, and 4, respectively. The boundary value problems are converted to dual/triple series relations by a suitable application of the eigenfunction expansion method and then the full solutions are obtained by the least-squares method. The variations of reflection coefficients are obtained and discussed for different values of the porous-effect parameter, the normalized distance between the barrier and the channel end-wall, and the length of submergence of barriers for all types of barrier configurations. The dynamic pressure distributions for various.
Rapidly Intensifying Hurricane Guillermo (1997). Part I: Low-Wavenumber Structure and Evolution

Abstract The structure and evolution of rapidly intensifying Hurricane Guillermo (1997) is examined using airborne Doppler radar observations. In this first part, the low-azimuthal-wavenumber component of the vortex is presented. Guillermo’s intensification occurred in an environmental flow with 7–8 m s−1 of deep-layer vertical shear. As a consequence of the persistent vertical shear forcing of the vortex, convection was observed primarily in the downshear left quadrant of the storm. The greatest intensification during the ∼6-h Doppler observation period coincided with the formation and cyclonic rotation of several particularly strong convective bursts through the left-of-shear semicircle of the eyewall. Some of the strongest convective bursts were triggered by azimuthally propagating low-wavenumber vorticity asymmetries. Mesoscale budget analyses of axisymmetric angular momentum and relative vorticity within the eyewall are presented to elucidate the mechanisms contributing to Guillermo’s structural evol.
Stability of discrete-time positive evolution operators on ordered Banach spaces and applications

In this paper we discuss stability problems for a class of discrete-time evolution operators generated by linear positive operators acting on certain ordered Banach spaces. Our approach is based upon a new representation result that links a positive operator with the adjoint operator of its restriction to a Hilbert subspace formed by sequences of Hilbert–Schmidt operators. This class includes the evolution operators involved in stability and optimal control problems for linear discrete-time stochastic systems. The inclusion is strict because, following the results of Choi, we have proved that there are positive operators on spaces of linear, bounded and self-adjoint operators which have not the representation that characterize the completely positive operators. As applications, we introduce a new concept of weak-detectability for pairs of positive operators, which we use to derive sufficient conditions for the existence of global and stabilizing solutions for a class of generalized discrete-time Riccati equations. Finally, assuming weak-detectability conditions and using the method of Lyapunov equations we derive a new stability criterion for positive evolution operators.
HyperSuprime: project overview

HyperSuprime is a next generation wide field camera proposed for the 8.3 m Subaru Telescope. The targeted field of view is larger than 1.5 deg in diameter, which will give us roughly 10 times increase of the survey speed compared with the existing prime focus camera (Suprime-Cam). An overview of the current status of the feasibility study is given.
Numerical Prediction and Analysis of Surface Transfer Coefficients on Moist Object During Heat and Mass Transfer Application

Convective surface transfer coefficients data for a moist object are not easily available from the literature and this coefficient is usually assumed to be constant in most studies. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model is developed for prediction of heat and mass transfer coefficients on the surface of the rectangular moist object. A computational fluid dynamics tool is used for flow analysis at three different higher velocities. The spatial distribution of heat and mass transfer coefficients is estimated at the surfaces of the object. The effect of constant and variable surface transfer coefficient is analyzed through transient 3D simultaneous heat and mass transfer solutions of convective drying. The numerical results are compared with experimental results. Good agreement was found with the experimental results when the numerical solution is considered with variable heat transfer coefficient. The numerical solutions with constant heat transfer coefficient gives overestimated results. A new set of Nusselt number and Sherwood number correlations is developed from a numerical model, and these correlations are expected to be useful for drying industries.
The Patterson Measure for Geometrically Finite Groups with Parabolic Elements, New and Old

We study the Patterson measure on the limit set of a geometrically finite Kleinian group with parabolic elements. Using the δ− conformality of the Patterson measure in combination with basic hyperbolic geometry a global Shadow Lemma is obtained. This macroscopic measure estimate is exploited to derive a Khintchine-type theorem, which is then used for a finer analysis of the density of the limit set in terms of Hausdorff measure.
Statistics of whistler mode waves in the outer radiation belt: Cluster STAFF‐SA measurements

ELF/VLF waves play a crucial role in the dynamics of the radiation belts and are partly responsible for the main losses and the acceleration of energetic electrons. Modeling wave‐particle interactions requires detailed information of wave amplitudes and wave normal distribution over L‐shells and over magnetic latitudes for different geomagnetic activity conditions. We performed a statistical study of ELF/VLF emissions using wave measurements in the whistler frequency range for 10 years (2001–2010) aboard Cluster spacecraft. We utilized data from the STAFF‐SA experiment, which spans the frequency range from 8 Hz to 4 kHz. We present distributions of wave magnetic and electric field amplitudes and wave normal directions as functions of magnetic latitude, magnetic local time, L‐shell, and geomagnetic activity. We show that wave normals are directed approximately along the background magnetic field (with the mean value of θ—the angle between the wave normal and the background magnetic field, about 10°–15°) in the vicinity of the geomagnetic equator. The distribution changes with magnetic latitude: Plasmaspheric hiss normal angles increase with latitude to quasi‐perpendicular direction at ∼35°–40° where hiss can be reflected; lower band chorus are observed as two wave populations: One population of wave normals tends toward the resonance cone and at latitudes of around 35°–45° wave normals become nearly perpendicular to the magnetic field; the other part remains quasi‐parallel at latitudes up to 30°. The observed angular distribution is significantly different from Gaussian, and the width of the distribution increases with latitude. Due to the rapid increase of θ, the wave mode becomes quasi‐electrostatic, and the corresponding electric field increases with latitude and has a maximum near 30°. The magnetic field amplitude of the chorus in the day sector has a minimum at the magnetic equator but increases rapidly with latitude with a local maximum near 12°–15°. The wave magnetic field maximum is observed in the night sector at L>7 during low geomagnetic activity (at L∼5 for Kp>3). Our results confirm the strong dependence of wave amplitude on geomagnetic activity found in earlier studies.
Interaction between different internal length scales in strain localization analysis of fully and partially saturated porous media—the 1‐D case

The paper analyses the interaction between two internal length scales during dynamic strain localization in multiphase porous materials. The first internal length is introduced in the mathematical model by the gradient‐dependent plasticity for the solid skeleton, while the second one is naturally contained in the multiphase model and is due to the seepage process of the water via Darcy's law, which induces a rate‐dependent behaviour of the solid skeleton. Numerical results of a one‐dimensional example of water saturated porous medium demonstrate the competing effect between these two length scales. The porous medium is here treated as a multiphase continuum, with the pores filled by water and air, the last one at constant atmospheric pressure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breaking Wave Formulas for Breaking Depth and Orbital to Phase Velocity Ratio

This study was undertaken to find out the suitable breaking wave formulas for computing breaker depth, and corresponding orbital to phase velocity ratio and breaker height converted with linear wave theory. A large amount and wide range of published laboratory data (695 cases collected from 26 sources of published laboratory data) were used to examine and develop the breaker formulas. Examination of some existing formulas indicates that none of them can be used for a wide range of experimental conditions. New breaker formulas were developed based on the re-analysis of the existing formulas. Overall, the new formulas give good predictions over a wide range of experimental conditions.
A Galerkin procedure for the diffusion equation subject to the specification of mass

Continuous and discrete Galerkin procedures are derived and analyzed for the numerical solution of the diffusion equation $U_1 = U_{xx} ,0 < x < 1,0 < t \leqq T,U(x,0) = f(x),U_x (1,t) = g(t)$ and the specification of the mass $\int _0^b U(x,t)dx = M(t),0 < b < 1$. Some numerical experiments are also presented.