Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluid-structure interaction in liquid-filled composite tubes under impulsive loading

We are carrying out experiments in our laboratory on fluid-structure interaction generated by impulsive impact on water-filled composite tubes. This is an extension of our previous work on water-filled steel and aluminum tubes. In the present study we have examined the eect of winding angle and fiber lay-up patterns on the wave propagation process. We have tested carbon-fiber reinforced plastic tubes with 45 ‐ and 60 ‐ winding angles, and glass reinforced plastic with a 50 ‐ winding angle, all of 40 mm diameter and between 1.6-1.7 mm wall thicknesses. A 50 mm diameter steel impactor is accelerated to 6 m/s and strikes a polycarbonate buer within the tube located at the top of the water surface. Strain gages measure hoop and axial strains every 100 mm. We observe primary and precursor waves qualitatively similar to our previous work with metal tubes and the water hammer theory of Skalak. For the same pressure amplitude, the hoop strains are larger in composite tubes than in metal tubes. The relationships between axial and hoop strains are significantly dierent in the composite tubes than metal tubes due to the anisotropy of the composite material stiness. The ratio between hoop and axial strain peaks is close to -1 with 45 ‐ tubes, the magnitude of axial strains become larger than that of the hoop strains for the 60 ‐ tubes. Precursor waves in the 60 ‐ tube propagate slower than those for the 45 ‐ tube while the primary wave with 60 ‐ tube propagates faster than that with the 45 ‐ tube. The laminate model of composites and the concept of eective modulus is used to explain these findings.
Spectral theory for the $q$-Boson particle system

Abstract We develop spectral theory for the generator of the $q$-Boson (stochastic) particle system. Our central result is a Plancherel type isomorphism theorem for this system. This theorem has various implications. It proves the completeness of the Bethe ansatz for the $q$-Boson generator and consequently enables us to solve the Kolmogorov forward and backward equations for general initial data. Owing to a Markov duality with $q$-TASEP ($q$-deformed totally asymmetric simple exclusion process), this leads to moment formulas which characterize the fixed time distribution of $q$-TASEP started from general initial conditions. The theorem also implies the biorthogonality of the left and right eigenfunctions. We consider limits of our $q$-Boson results to a discrete delta Bose gas considered previously by van Diejen, as well as to another discrete delta Bose gas that describes the evolution of moments of the semi-discrete stochastic heat equation (or equivalently, the O’Connell–Yor semi-discrete directed polymer partition function). A further limit takes us to the delta Bose gas which arises in studying moments of the stochastic heat equation/Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation.
Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Dysphagia Treatment in Patients with Neurological Impairments – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Studies that compared the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with traditional dysphagia therapy (TDT) have been inconclusive. All previous meta-analysis studies have only used subjective measures to assess swallow function. The objective of the study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of NMES for treatment of dysphagia associated with neurological impairment utilizing both subjective measures of swallows function and objective measures such as penetration-aspiration scale and pharyngeal transit time (PTT). Methods: A systematic search of PUBMED, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE and Google Scholar between 1January 2001 to 31 March, 2016 was conducted to identify all relevant articles that compared NMES versus TDT for treatment of adult patients with acute neurological impairments, mainly stroke and brain injury. A total of 12 studies were included in the study. Relevant data were extracted and the standardized mean difference (SMD) is used as summary statistics. Results: The pooled SMD revealed that NMES group showed significant improvement in swallowing function 1-3 month post treatment as compared to TDT group (SMD=1.14, 95% CI: 0.94-1.34, p<0.001), in reduction of penetration/aspiration (SMD=-0.85, 95% CI: -1.17 -0.52, p<0.001), and in reduction of PTT (SMD=-0.86, 95% CI: -1.17-0.55, p<0.001). Conclusion: The present meta-analysis finds NMES is an effective adjunct modality to TDT for patients suffering from stroke and traumatic brain injury.
How and Why Education Counters Ideological Extremism in Finland

The intensification of radical and extremist thinking has become an international cause of concern and the fear related to terrorism has increased worldwide. Early 21st century public discourses have been correspondingly marked by hate speech and ideological propaganda spread from a variety of perspectives through the intensified presence of global social media networks. In many countries, governments have reacted to these perceived and actual threats by drafting policies and preventive programs and legal-security interventions to tackle radicalization, terrorism itself, as well as ideological extremism. Many of the current strategies point to the critical role of societal education. As a result, educational institutions have gained growing importance as platforms for different kinds of prevention protocols or counter-terrorism strategies. However, notably less attention has been paid on the consistencies of values between the aims of the educational strategies for preventing or countering ideological extremism and the core functions of education in fostering individual and societal well-being and growth. Using Finnish education as a case, this paper discusses the challenges and possibilities related to educational institutions as spaces for preventing violent extremism, with special regard to the religious and nationalistic ideologies that divert from those inherent in the national hegemony. This study highlights the need to plan counter-terrorism strategies in line with national educational policies through what we conceptualize as ‘institutional habitus’.
Evaluating the relationship between physical education teachers' social physique anxiety levels and job satisfaction

The aim of the current study is to investigate the relationship between physical education teachers' social physique anxiety levels and job satisfaction. The participants of the study included 168 physical education teachers working in cities of Kirsehir and Konya. The data collection instruments included "Social Physique Anxiety Inventory" developed by Hart, Leary, and Rejeski (1989) and "Minesota Job Satisfaction Scale" developed by Davis, Weiss, England, and Lofquist (1967). Based on the findings obtained through the study, it was determined that while there was not any significant difference in the total scores of social physique anxiety and in the sub-dimensions according to the variable of gender, job satisfaction scores of physical education female teachers were significantly higher than those of physical education male teachers. While no correlation was found to exist between the subdimensions of negative evaluation and physical appearance comfort, a negative correlation was found between total scores of social physique anxiety and the scores of job satisfaction.
DISSIPATIVE STRUCTURES IN EXTREMELY DILUTED SOLUTIONS OF HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINES: A MOLECULAR MODEL BASED ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND GRAVIMETRIC EVIDENCES

Conductometric and pHmetric titrations of extremely diluted solutions (EDS) were performed by adding NaOH or HCl solutions at concentrations between 1 × 10 –2 and 1 × 10 –3 M. The aim of this work is to obtain further confirmation of the hypothesized presence, in the EDS, of molecular aggregates of water molecules. The measurements on the EDS evidenced some relevant differences compared to those on solutions with just water as solvent. The conductivity and the pH variations caused by adding the titrant, namely NaOH or HCl were markedly different to those of the control solutions. We suppose that the preparation procedure of the EDS could produce non-equilibrium changes in the supramolecular structure of water. The experimental results were interpreted by considering the interactions that can take place between the OH – or H 3 O + and the hypothesized molecular aggregates of water molecules, i.e. dissipative structures. A qualitative comparison was made about the nature of the driving force that leads to the formation of the complexes between the two ions deriving from water and the molecular aggregates of water molecules (dissipative structures). In this work we have introduced a new methodology to study the EDS and to have more information about the presence of the dissipative structures, i.e. the gravimetric analysis. We evaporate a known quantity of the EDS at 90°C for 36–48 hours, and compare the obtained quantity of solid with the expected one given the chemical composition of the liquid, obtained via analytical measurements: atomic absorption and ICP mass. We systematically obtain that the experimental results are higher than the expected ones. The ratio of the obtained and expected results is about 3:2, putting in evidence that some water remains stable even after a very long treatment at 90°C. A linear correlation is obtained between the solid weight in excess, i.e. the difference between the experimental weight of the solid obtained after the complete evaporation of bulky water and the expected weight according to the chemical composition, ∆mg, and the conductivity in excess, namely the difference between the experimental
Parent–child reading in English as a second language: Effects on language and literacy development of Chinese kindergarteners

This study investigated the effects of dialogic parent–child reading in English on 51 Hong Kong kindergarteners learning English as a second language. Children were pre-tested on nonverbal IQ, reading interest and receptive vocabulary, word reading and phonological awareness in both Chinese and English. They were then assigned randomly to one of three conditions involving different levels of parent–child interactions: dialogic reading (DR), typical reading (TR) or control. Though inter-group comparisons showed nonsignificant interaction effects across time among the three groups, intra-group gains across the 12-week intervention suggested that parent–child reading could enhance English word reading skills, while dialogic reading could promote phonological awareness in both Chinese and English. These results highlight the potential benefits of English parent–child reading and dialogic reading on children learning English as a second language, and the possibility of linguistic transfer from parent–child reading in English as a second language to Chinese as a first language.
ENSO teleconnections to the Indian summer monsoon in observations and models

The teleconnections of different types of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to the Indian summer monsoon are investigated in observations and models. We find that, not all regions in India are strongly affected by ENSO, so we focus on two regional teleconnections: (1) a negative rainfall signal around central north east (CNE) India and ‘hilly’ region during El Niño (and vice versa for La Niña) and (2) similar signal for parts of southern peninsular region. Using correlations, it is found that >50% of the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project models capture these two regional teleconnections, with first captured by >80% of models. Furthermore, using a compositing technique that may better capture asymmetries in response to warm and cold events, the authors find that most models again agree on the sign of regional teleconnection around the CNE and hilly region, suggesting the robustness of ENSO signal in that region. The peninsular teleconnection is less well simulated in models. We find a clear connection between the Walker circulation and Indian summer monsoon rainfall around central India in models.
Does Private Equity Investment Spur Innovation? Evidence from Europe

We provide the first cross-country evidence of the effect of investment by private equity firms on innovation, focusing on a sample of European countries and using Kortum and Lerner's (2000) empirical methodology. Using an 18-country panel covering the period 1991-2004, we study how private equity finance affects patent applications and patent grants. We address concerns about causality in several ways, including exploiting variation in laws regulating the investment behaviour of pension funds and insurance companies across countries and over time. We also control for the standard determinants of innovation like R&D, human capital, and patent protection. Our estimates imply that while private equity investment accounts for 8% of aggregate (private equity plus R&D) industrial spending, PE accounts for as much as 12% of industrial innovation. We also present similar evidence from the biotech industry to alleviate concerns that our results are biased by aggregation. JEL Classification: C23, G15, O16
Effects of post material and cement on stress distribution by using finite element analysis and in vitro fracture test

A comparative study on the stress distribution of an endodontically treated maxillary incisor has been carried out by three dimensional stress analyses using the Finite Element Method. The role of post material and cement rigidity on reliability of endodontic restorations is discussed. Methods: A 3D FEM model of a central maxillary incisor with 2 mm surviving dentinal walls was created. The following parameters were studied: 3 loading conditions, 3 different luting cements, 4 post materials when present, and absence of post. The teeth were constructed with 5 different techniques: steel, titanium, glass fiber, zirconium posts with composite cores and composite restoration without post. Three luting cements with different elastic moduli were discussed. The structural efficiency of restorations has been evaluated under 3 different loading conditions (mastication, bruxism and impact). In this study the validity of the FEM model was controlled by an in vitro test. Twenty five recently extracted caries free, human maxillary central incisors with similar root sizes were divided into 5 groups. Endodontic treatment was subsequently performed and post core restorations were prepared and porcelain restorations were fabricated. Fracture strengths and modes of failure were determined by universal testing machine. Results and significance: There were significant differences between post systems, cements. The stresses decreased with the post material in order of steel, zirconium, titanium, glass fiber. Minimum stress values were obtained with the glass fiber post bonded with an adhesive resin cement with low elastic modulus. In functional loading, maximum equivalent stress mostly occurs at the vestibular side of the cement layer. Horizontal loading from the buccal aspect increased and vertical loads decreased the maximum stress. There was correlation between the results of FEM and fracture test results.
Title Urokinase plasminogen activator secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts induces tumor progression via PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are believed to influence tumor behavior and clinical outcomes. We previously showed that conditioned medium (CM) from CAFs induces proliferation and motility of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which the CAF-secreted proteins induce ESCC development and progression. Using antibody arrays, we identified urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) as one of the main proteins whose release was increased in CAFs compared to normal fibroblasts (NFs). Immunohistochemical analysis of pathological sections showed that uPA-positive cells were localized at the boundaries of tumor and stroma tissues, in stroma between tumor nests, and within the tumors. Increased stromal uPA levels (132/146 cases) correlated with tumor invasion (p < 0.05) and overall survival of ESCC patients (p < 0.05). In vitro assays showed that uPA promotes ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways. In vivo, anti-uPA antibody suppressed tumor growth in ESCC xenografts. These results suggest that uPA released from stroma, and especially from CAFs, might be a predictive marker for ESCC diagnosis and prognosis, as well as an effective therapeutic target.
Parental Ethnotheories in Children ’ s Digital and Media Lives The Case of Romanipen

The article discusses the possible relevance and value of parents’ cultural beliefs, and the research on them, to parental mediation and digital parenting theory and practice. It draws upon a small-scale ethnographic research conducted with seven Czech Roma families, which phenomenologically focused on young children’s media experience and learning. The possible role of parental ethnotheories and cultural experiences in general, and of romanipen in particular, in parental mediation and digital parenting emerged subsequently from the interviews with the children’s mothers. This article draws upon three family narratives that are used to illustrate how research into parental ethnotheories could possibly lead to an alternative interpretation of existing, and the construction of new, knowledge about parental mediation approaches, motivations and forms. Reflecting the participating Roma families’ lived experience, parental mediation and digital parenting are not differentiated in this article.
Cost Effectiveness of Dietary Valine Supplementation on Broiler Ration

The rapid growth of broiler chicken demands high level of well balanced nutrients in the ration, especially with amino acids for marketing at an earlier age. The inclusion of different feed ingredients in broiler ration mainly depends on their nutritive value, availability and cost. A major concern of modern broiler enterprise is to reduce the feed cost for optimal return because feed constitutes approximately 70 per cent of the production cost. Amino acids are important components of all poultry diets. They are in constant turnover in the body and without proper dietary intake; deficiencies can cause detrimental effects on growth, immunity and production. These amino acids play an important role in structural and protective tissues in the body and are also important in enzyme and tissue functions (N.R.C 1994). Amino acids might also impact the muscle composition and the meat quality and more over final product stability. Most of the International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 02 (2021) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
The Role of Natural Laccase Redox Mediators in Simultaneous Dye Decolorization and Power Production in Microbial Fuel Cells

Redox mediators could be used to improve the efficiency of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) by enhancing electron transfer rates and decreasing charge transfer resistance at electrodes. However, many artificial redox mediators are expensive and/or toxic. In this study, laccase enzyme was employed as a biocathode of MFCs in the presence of two natural redox mediators (syringaldehyde (Syr) and acetosyringone (As)), and for comparison, a commonly-used artificial mediator 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) was used to investigate their influence on azo dye decolorization and power production. The redox properties of the mediator-laccase systems were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The presence of ABTS and As increased power density from 54.7 ± 3.5 mW m−2 (control) to 77.2 ± 4.2 mW m−2 and 62.5 ± 3.7 mW m−2 respectively. The power decreased to 23.2 ± 2.1 mW m−2 for laccase with Syr. The cathodic decolorization of Acid orange 7 (AO7) by laccase indicated a 12–16% increase in decolorization efficiency with addition of mediators; and the Laccase-Acetosyringone system was the fastest, with 94% of original dye (100 mgL−1) decolorized within 24 h. Electrochemical analysis to determine the redox properties of the mediators revealed that syringaldehyde did not produce any redox peaks, inferring that it was oxidized by laccase to other products, making it unavailable as a mediator, while acetosyringone and ABTS revealed two redox couples demonstrating the redox mediator properties of these compounds. Thus, acetosyringone served as an efficient natural redox mediator for laccase, aiding in increasing the rate of dye decolorization and power production in MFCs. Taken together, the results suggest that natural laccase redox mediators could have the potential to improve dye decolorization and power density in microbial fuel cells.
EFFECTS OF FEEDING STRATEGIES AND SUPPLEMENTAL LIPOTROPIC FACTORS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE , ASCITES-RELATED INDICES , SERUM METABOLITES AND MEAT QUALITY IN BROILER CHICKENS REARED AT HIGH ALTITUDE

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of feeding programs in combination with supplemental lipotropic agents on performance, ascites-related indices, blood metabolites and breast meat quality in broiler chickens reared at high altitude (2,200 m above sea). A total of 450 day-old Ross broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 6 treatments with 5 pens of 15 birds per each. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, including two feeding program (ad libitum or early feed restriction) and three status of lipotropic supplementations (a control diet, 150 mg/kg carnitine as L-carnitine, and 1,000 mg/kg choline as choline chloride). The results showed that dietary supplementation with carnitine improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in broilers (P≤ 0.05). The relative weight of the heart was lower in broilers fed choline supplemented diet compared with control group (P≤ 0.05). Feeding broiler chickens with carnitine increased the serum concentration of glucose (P≤ 0.05). However, supplementation of the diet with carnitine reduced serum concentration of triglycerides (P≤0.05). Supplemental carnitine reduced the susceptibility of the meat (thiobarbituric acid number) to lipid peroxidation (P≤ 0.05). The ascites-related indices, including the weight of right ventricle (RV) and the ratio of right-to-total ventricular weight were lower in broilers which received carnitine and choline supplementation which reared under early feed restriction (P≤ 0.05). In conclusion, supplemental carnitine improved growth performance, ascites-related indices and meat quality of broilers. Besides, early feed restriction improved ascites-related indices in broiler chickens reared at high altitude.
Self-Corrected Comprehension of Near-Synonymous Verbs via Comparative Visualizations

Building from previous studies, this paper explores the nature of English conceptual structure of state differentiation for the holding/carrying near-synonyms in random and paired sessions. To test for such conceptual differences, Imai & Saji’s (2013) instrument was adopted where 56 monolingual English speakers were asked to name the holding/carrying near-synonyms in random and paired sessions. In each session, the order of stimuli presentation was manipulated. In random session, the stimuli was randomized in a way that a holding action may or may not be successively followed by a carrying action; whereas, in the paired session, the stimuli was paired in a way that a holding action must be successively followed by a carrying action. The qualitative data were coded to indicate multiple cognitive categories as to how state and manner distinctions were perceived for further quantitative analysis. Overall, the results demonstrated that native English speakers have a differentiated conceptual structure for the state of holding and carrying near-synonyms and that structure is sensitive to the order of stimuli presentation. Implications for such results were discussed in terms of near-synonymous difficulty and pedagogical recommendations for L2 English learners.