Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed Denial of Service Attack in HTTP/2: Review on Security Issues and Future Challenges

This article offers a comprehensive overview of recent literature on the HTTP/2 protocol and conducts an analysis of the security threats and DDoS attack typologies associated with HTTP/2. The investigation revealed that the introduction of new features in HTTP/2 has significantly improved the network transmission speed and utilization. However, these advancements have also brought forth a series of emerging network security risks. This study examines the current state of the art in DDoS attacks tailored for HTTP/2 and their detection methods, proposing future research directions in the field of attack detection. By analyzing the distinctive features of HTTP/2 protocol, the study suggests extending DDoS attack detection techniques established for HTTP/1 to the realm of HTTP/2. Furthermore, the research underscores the ease with which adversaries can exploit the intrinsic multiplexing in HTTP/2 to launch a large number of malicious requests, leading to severe depletion of network bandwidth and exhaustion of valuable server resources. Additionally, it highlights the potential applicability of deep learning algorithms in the context of the HTTP/2 protocol. Additionally, the article proposes strategies to address challenges associated with DDoS attacks and the scarcity of adequate datasets for HTTP/2. This research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the security implications surrounding the HTTP/2 protocol and provides valuable insights for advancing DDoS attack detection technologies.
Changes in Pseudomonas sp. CY growth in the presence of atrazine

Microbial degradation, compared with many other degradation processes, is the most important pathway for the depletion of triazine herbicides in soil. The aim of this study was to determine the growth potential of Pseudomonas sp. CY in the presence of atrazine and additional carbon (sodium citrate) and nitrogen (ammonium-nitrate) sources. The experiment was performed with five treatments: i) 100 mg/L atrazine (control); ii) One hundred mg/L atrazine + sodium citrate (0.3 %, w/v); iii) One hundred mg/L atrazine + sodium citrate (0.3 %, w/v) + ammonium nitrate (0.6 %, w/v); iv) Atrazine (300 mg/L) + sodium citrate (0.3 %, w/v) and v) Atrazine (500 mg/L) + sodium citrate (0.3 %, w/v). The bacterial count was determined after incubation (7 days at 30°C) using the agar plate method, while atrazine degradation was determined by measuring the optical density at 221 nm. Pseudomonas sp. CY can partially utilize atrazine as the sole source of carbon and energy. The highest values of the bacterial count were determined at the highest initial atrazine concentrations; however, bacterial growth was not detected in these treatments. A significant impact of citrate on bacterial growth and atrazine degradation was observed, while the addition of nitrate decreased the atrazine degradation rate. This study confirmed that Pseudomonas sp. CY can be used as a prominent candidate for the remediation of atrazine-affected environments.
NCCP-ICS joint consensus-based clinical practice guidelines on medical thoracoscopy

ABSTRACT Medical Thoracoscopy (MT) is commonly performed by respiratory physicians for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purposes. The aim of the study was to provide evidence-based information regarding all aspects of MT, both as a diagnostic tool and therapeutic aid for pulmonologists across India. The consensus-based guidelines were formulated based on a multistep process using a set of 31 questions. A systematic search of published randomized controlled clinical trials, open labelled studies, case reports and guidelines from electronic databases, like PubMed, EmBase and Cochrane, was performed. The modified grade system was used (1, 2, 3 or usual practice point) to classify the quality of available evidence. Then, a multitude of factors were taken into account, such as volume of evidence, applicability and practicality for implementation to the target population and then strength of recommendation was finalized. MT helps to improve diagnosis and patient management, with reduced risk of post procedure complications. Trainees should perform at least 20 medical thoracoscopy procedures. The diagnostic yield of both rigid and semirigid techniques is comparable. Sterile-graded talc is the ideal agent for chemical pleurodesis. The consensus statement will help pulmonologists to adopt best evidence-based practices during MT for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
High resolution modelling of post-glacial rebound and sea-level change

The history of deformation of the earth's surface due to the removal of the Holocene and latest Pleistocene ice sheets is recorded in the global sea-level record. Recent advances in collection and dating of sea-level data, and computing technology have made possible high-resolution, high-precision numerical modelling of deglaciation events. Currently available mathematical formulations for the earth's response to surface loading are ill-suited to such high-resolution modelling however, suffering from numerical instability or excessive computational cost. In this thesis, the suitability of established techniques for modelling short wavelength surface load problems is closely examined. Achieving high resolution with the conventional spherical harmonic scheme has previously been shown to be prohibitively expensive computationally, the numerical instability or physical inappropriateness of associated harmonic analysis procedures is demonstrated here. The earth is then modelled as a flat, semi-infinite half-space and a new formalism developed that is exceptionally stable at depth, based on the wave propagation technique of seismology. This formalism is extended to include the effect of pre-stress and dilatation and their relative effects considered in detail. In the visco-elastic case, pre-stress advection is demonstrated to be critical in forcing deformation toward equilibrium with the load, and dilatation is shown to be largely negligible provided prestress is included. The new formulation is then tested numerically to establish its stability as part of a large super-position problem. The stability of numerical inversion schemes for the Fourier and Laplace transforms is also established, and their impact on the implementation of the wave propagation technique found to be small provided sufficient care is taken in choosing the inversion procedure to be used and their various input parameters.
Milk or Kefir, in Comparison to Water, Do Not Enhance Running Time-Trial Performance in Endurance Master Athletes

This study compared flavored kefir (KFR) and flavored milk (MLK) as a recovery drink in endurance master athletes. Using a randomized, placebo-controlled, non-blinded crossover design, 11 males and females completed three testing visits whilst acutely ingesting either KFR, MLK, or water as a placebo (PLA). KFR supplementation occurred for 14 days before the KFR-testing day, followed by a 3-week washout period. Testing visits consisted of an exhausting-exercise (EE) bout, a 4-h rest period where additional carbohydrate feeding was provided, and a treadmill 5 km time trial (TT). The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) survey was assessed at four timepoints. Blood was collected at baseline and after the TT and was analyzed for I-FABP levels. No significant difference (PLA: 33:39.1 ± 6:29.0 min, KFR: 33:41.1 ± 5:44.4 min, and MLK: 33:36.2 ± 6:40.5 min, p = 0.99) was found between the groups in TT performance. The KFR GSRS total score was significantly lower than the PLA after EE (p = 0.005). No differences in I-FABP were observed between conditions. In conclusion, acute KFR supplementation did not impact TT performance or I-FABP levels but may have reduced subjective GI symptoms surrounding exercise when compared to MLK or PLA.
Levan Production by Suhomyces kilbournensis Using Sugarcane Molasses as a Carbon Source in Submerged Fermentation

The valorization of byproducts from the sugarcane industry represents a potential alternative method with a low energy cost for the production of metabolites that are of commercial and industrial interest. The production of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) was carried out using the yeast Suhomyces kilbournensis isolated from agro-industrial sugarcane, and the products and byproducts of this agro-industrial sugarcane were used as carbon sources for their recovery. The effect of pH, temperature, and carbon and nitrogen sources and their concentration in EPS production by submerged fermentation (SmF) was studied in 170 mL glass containers of uniform geometry at 30 °C with an initial pH of 6.5. The resulting EPSs were characterized with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that the highest EPS production yields were 4.26 and 44.33 g/L after 6 h of fermentation using sucrose and molasses as carbon sources, respectively. Finally, an FT-IR analysis of the EPSs produced by S. kilbournensis corresponded to levan, corroborating its origin. It is important to mention that this is the first work that reports the production of levan using this yeast. This is relevant because, currently, most studies are focused on the use of recombinant and genetically modified microorganisms; in this scenario, Suhomyces kilbournensis is a native yeast isolated from the sugar production process, giving it a great advantage in the incorporation of carbon sources into their metabolic processes in order to produce levan sucrose, which uses fructose to polymerize levan.
THE USAGE OF ONE SINGLE SYSTEM (OSS) WITH CLOUD COMPUTING BASED IN ACADEMIC SERVICE: A TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM) APPROACH

Digitalization is important for our life, and higher education is no exception. The process of submitting letters that are still manual needs to be changed to something practical and easy. That is a digital-based letter submission through a website. Therefore, our research aims to develop One Single System (OSS) based on Web Cloud Computing to improve the performance of management study program services with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) approach. This is done to support the accreditation process that is periodically carried out by the study program. This research uses quantitative methods with a descriptive approach. Our respondents are active students of the Management Study Program at UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. For data analysis, we used structural equation model analysis to test the constructs we used (perceived security, perceived usefulness, perceived of use, intention to use actual usage). The results of our research show that the perceived security, effect of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use on intention to use in ACCESS users and intention to use on acceptance of ACCESS. The existence of the system makes it safe, faster and easier to use, so that many students intend to use and accept the existence of our system, ACCESS.
Conhecimento de Mulheres acerca do Exame Papanicolaou

Introdução: O exame preventivo do câncer do colo uterino (PCCU) permite a análise morfológica do tecido do colo do útero para identificação de alterações em células isoladas ou em pequenos grupos. Mediante as dificuldades enfrentadas pelo enfermeiro, a problemática deste trabalho é a baixa procura de mulheres por serviços de saúde para realizar o rastreamento com o exame preventivo. Objetivo: Analisar as produções científicas publicadas no Brasil sobre o conhecimento de mulheres acerca do PCCU. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura. Para a construção do estudo, buscaram-se publicações científicas indexadas na base de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e BDENF. Os critérios de inclusão definidos para a seleção dos documentos foram artigos originais, nos idiomas português e inglês, disponíveis na íntegra, de acesso gratuito, publicados de 2017 a 2021. Resultados: Foram encontrados 71 artigos e, após serem aplicados os critérios de exclusão, apenas 14 artigos foram incluídos na amostra do estudo categorizados em três eixos temáticos: o primeiro apresenta o conhecimento sobre o PCCU, o segundo, os fatores relacionados à não adesão, e o terceiro, a cobertura para a realização do PCCU na prática da enfermagem. Conclusão: Os baixos níveis de informação e a má comunicação contribuem para a não adesão ao exame. Desse modo, para maximizar a adesão das pacientes, recomenda-se que a equipe de enfermagem modifique a abordagem sobre a realização dos exames preventivos.
The Effect of Pitch Accent on the Perception of English Lexical Stress: Evidence from English and Mandarin Chinese Listeners

The relative weighting of f0 and vowel reduction in English spoken word recognition at the sentence level were investigated in one two-alternative forced-choice word identification experiment. In the experiment, an H* pitch-accented or a deaccented word fragment (e.g., AR- in the word archive) was presented at the end of a carrier sentence for identification. The results of the experiment revealed differences in the cue weighting of English lexical stress perception between native and non-native listeners. For native English listeners, vowel quality was a more prominent cue than f0, while native Mandarin Chinese listeners employed both vowel quality and f0 in a comparable fashion. These results suggested that (a) vowel reduction is superior to f0 in signaling initial stress in the words and (b) f0 facilitates the recognition of word initial stress, which is modulated by first language.
Fast estimation of ocean background reflectivity in synthetic aperture radar images

Several ship detection algorithms have been developed over the years, where some of the most commonly used are the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) algorithms. There are challenges to the existing algorithms, both when it comes to processing time and difficult scene situations, such as heterogeneous ocean clutter and multiple targets. Existing algorithms that are equipped to handle situations where clutter edges and multiple targets are present, will require significantly increased processing time. The goal of this thesis is to present a new fast method to estimate the underlying radar reflectivity from a speckled SAR image. The aim is to recover the mean intensity, which is a key parameter in statistical models of SAR intensity measurements over ocean. The estimation of the mean intensity should be fast and robust, in the sense that it handles heterogeneous clutter edges and the presence of multiple targets. The result from the presented algorithm is meant to be an input parameter for current ship detectors. The steps of the intended algorithm is to take advantage of a nonuniform FFT (NFFT) to truncated SAR data, which will result in frequencies on a regular grid. Next, a lowpass filter will be applied in order to suppress speckle present in the image. Finally, an inverse transformation will be utilized and an estimated mean intensity can be recovered. Thus, a threshold can be determined based on this mean value. Because the NFFT did not provide the desired results, it was not possible to present a complete algorithm.
Assessment of soil pH and heavy metal concentrations in agricultural land impacted with Medical Waste Incinerator (MWI) Flue Ash (FA) in Abia State, Nigeria

This study focused on the effect of heavy metals being introduced into soils through medical waste incinerator flue ash by collecting soil samples at different depths and distances to determine soil pH, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb and Mn contents using standard methods and multivariate tools for data summary. Mean soil pH values ranged: 5.2 – 6.2 > 4.8 of control due to flue ash as a liming agent and farming practices respectively, with low pH that encourages mobility and absorption of heavy metals in ecosystems. Heavy metals in incinerator site(mgkg -1 ) ranged:2.00105 ± 0.00-2.09050 ±0.00; 4.0011±0.00-12.3250±0.00; 6.0405±0.01-8.0150±0.01; 4.0150±0.00-7.0805±0.07; 0.2100±0.01-1.0950±0.01; 0.00±0.00-0.001100±0.00; 0.0305±0.01-0.1150±0.00 for Cu, Zn , Mn, Cr, Cd and Pb respectively, with control 0.55 ± 0.01-1.25 ± 0.01;1.25 ± 0.01-1.45 ± 0.01; 13.15 ± 0.07-14.15 ± 0.07; 0.02 ± 0.01; 0.00 ± 0.01-0.03 ± 0.01; . 54 ±0.01-. 54 ± 0.01 for Cu, Zn , Mn, Cr, Cd and Pb respectively . Metals were in order of: Cd≤ Cu ≤Pb≤ Cr≤Mn≤ Zn(LSD0.05). Result revealed that Cr, Cd and Pb were below the limits for agricultural soil by FAO, and were higher at 50-100m and decrease farther from incinerator. Negative correlation exists between Cr and Zn; Zn and Cu due to farming practices, Mn, Cd recorded positive correlation due to incinerator flue ash. Factor 1 loaded Cu positively, Cr, Pb, Mn, and Zn negatively loaded. Factor 2, exception of Cr, Cd, Pb, and Mn loaded negatively due to flue gas and lithogenic respectively, C/PI indicated soil being slightly, moderately to severely contaminated respectively. I -geo indicated uncontaminated to moderately contaminated, showing that heavy metal contaminations of soils is minor. Keywords: Element, Incineration, Flue Smoke, Soil Acidity, multivariate analysis
A rare case of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus associated end-stage renal disease with cerebral abscess and hemorrhage

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs. More than half of the patients with SLE have kidney involvement, and up to 10% of patients with lupus nephritis develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in SLE occurs in 21% to 95% of patients. Severe neurological manifestations such as seizures, cerebrovascular disease, meningitis, and cerebrovascular accidents can develop in childhood-onset SLE, but cerebral infections, such as brain abscess and hemorrhage, are seldom reported in lupus nephritis, even in adults. Here, we report a rare case of childhood-onset SLE with ESRD, a cerebral abscess, and hemorrhage. A 9-year-old girl diagnosed with lupus nephritis was administered high-dose steroids and immunosuppressant therapy to treat acute kidney injury (AKI) and massive proteinuria. The AKI deteriorated, and after 3 months, she developed ESRD. She received hemodialysis three times a week along with daily peritoneal dialysis to control edema. She developed seizures, and imaging showed a brain abscess. This was complicated by spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage, and she became unstable. She died shortly after the hemorrhage was discovered. In conclusion, CNS complications should always be considered in clinical practice because they increase mortality, especially in those with risk factors for infection.
Geometry and kinematics of buried structures in the piedmont of the central Longmen Shan: implication for the growth of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Structural geometry and kinematics are important to understand the growth of the Tibetan Plateau margins. In this study, several high-resolution seismic reflection profiles were combined with well data and the fault-bend fold theory to determine the geometric and kinematic characteristics of the Pengxian buried structures located in the piedmont of central Longmen Shan (LMS). Seismic interpretations indicate that the Pengxian buried structures were involved in multi-period, superimposed deformation during the Cenozoic. The structural deformation of the frontal LMS was controlled by a Triassic detachment fault (f2), which extended forward at a low angle, and formed a fault-bend fold during the Late Miocene. The high-angle Pengxian blind fault developed on the f2 with little offset during the Pleistocene. Three-dimensional imaging of the Pengxian buried structures shows that the f2 horizontally propagated into the western Sichuan Basin with a fault slip of c. 3.3–3.5 km. The Longquan Shan (LQS) anticline has a total slip of c. 3.0 km since its initiation. Our study suggests that the average slip rate of the f2 is <0.4 mm a−1 in the central LMS front. The Pengxian buried structures and the LQS anticline have been slowly shortening since the Late Cenozoic, which could provide a constraint on the growth pattern of the eastern Tibetan Plateau margin.
Evidence of Microbursts Observed Near the Equatorial Plane in the Outer Van Allen Radiation Belt

We present the first evidence of electron microbursts observed near the equatorial plane in Earth's outer radiation belt. We observed the microbursts on 31 March 2017 with the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer and Radiation Belt Storm Probes Ion Composition Experiment on the Van Allen Probes. Microburst electrons with kinetic energies of 29–92 keV were scattered over a substantial range of pitch angles, and over time intervals of 150–500 ms. Furthermore, the microbursts arrived without dispersion in energy, indicating that they were recently scattered near the spacecraft. We have applied the relativistic theory of wave‐particle resonant diffusion to the calculated phase space density, revealing that the observed transport of microburst electrons is not consistent with the hypothesized quasi‐linear approximation.
Crosstalk between innate immunity and rumen-fecal microbiota under the cold stress in goats

The balance of the microbiome, which is sensitive to temperature changes, plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and reducing the risk of diseases. However, the specific mechanisms by which immunity and microbiota interact to adapt to cold stress have yet to be addressed. In this study, Nanjiang Yellow goats were chosen as a model and sampled during the cold (winter, cold stress) and warm (spring) seasons, respectively. Analyses of serum immune factors, as well as the composition of rumen and fecal microbial communities, were conducted to explore the crosstalk between microbiota and innate immunity under cold stress. Significantly increased levels of IgA (P < 0.01) were observed in the cold season compared to the warm season. Conversely, the levels of IL-2 (P = 0.02) and IL-6 (P < 0.01) diminished under cold stress. However, no significant differences were observed in IgG (P = 0.89), IgM (P = 0.42), and IL-4 (P = 0.56). While there were no significant changes in the diversity of bacterial communities between the warm and cold seasons, positive correlations between serum IgA, IL-2, IL-6 concentrations and several genera were observed. Furthermore, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis indicated that the microbiota enriched in the MEbrown module positively correlated with IgA, while the microbiota enriched in the MEblue module positively correlated with IL-2 and IL-6. The strong correlation between certain probiotics, including Alistipes, Bacteroides, Blautia, and Prevotellaceae_UCG. 004, and the concentration of IL-2, and IL-6 suggests their potential role in immunomodulatory properties. This study provides valuable insights into the crosstalk between microbial communities and immune responses under the challenge of cold stress. Further studies on the immunomodulatory properties of these probiotics would contribute to the development of strategies to enhance the stress resistance of animals for improved overall health and survival.