Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blood stream infections with Candida species: a prospective study in a tertiary care center

Aims and Objectives: To study the profile of blood stream infections with Candida species, their current epidemiological trend at our setting, clinical management, resistance trends and outcome in terms of mortality. Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted among all adult in-patients, at AIMS, Kochi from August 1st 2014 to February 28th 2016, both in wards and ICUs, who have positive isolates of Candida species in bloodstream infection among the positive blood culture samples. Incidence rate of Candidemia was calculated and distribution of Candidemia with respect to characteristics like age, gender, comorbid illness, mechanical ventilation, prior antibiotic therapy, prolonged ICU stay. Results: Out of 1600 blood stream infection isolates, Candidemia was fourth most common blood stream isolate infection in our study with an incidence rate of 7.5%. Candida tropicalis was the predominant species in our study (30.8%). Mortality rate due to Candidemia was (61%). Urethral catheterization, Central venous access, neutropenia at presentation, prior antibiotic therapy, renal failure, Dialysis patients, prolonged ICU stay were some of the risk factors found to be statistically significant in assessing the mortality of patients in our study with a p value of <0.001. Conclusion: All patients with Candidemia should be treated with an antifungal agent at the earliest without any delay, as delay causes increase in mortality. All vascular catheters should be removed to help clear Candida from blood more quickly. Improved survival was found with the use of an Echinocandin and the removal of central venous catheters.
Arbitrage Run and Collateral Run

We investigate the channel through which fluctuations in the market liquidity of real-sector repo collateral cause arbitrage crashes and failure of systemically important intermediaries during the global financial crisis. Intermediaries pledge productive capital as repo collateral to fund the margin for their arbitrage positions. A tiny drop in the market liquidity of capital induces higher haircuts and forces arbitrageurs to collectively unwind trading positions, resulting in adverse price movements and losses. This further reduces the collateral value of arbitrage portfolios and triggers more fire-sales in both capital and arbitrage trades. This channel creates stronger amplification effects than in Brunnermeier and Pedersen (2009), and can easily incur a simultaneous repo run and arbitrage crashes, where liquidity in several markets dry up altogether. We also show that "flight-to-liquidity'' effects in intermediaries' collateral choices after the repo run prolong the real-sector recession.
Effects of Lanthanum on Root Growth and Senescence of GF43 （ Prunus domestica ） Plantlet in Vitro

The effect and the action mechanism of lanthanum on GF43 plantlet in vitro were studied. The results of experiments show that root growth rate and dry weight of GF43 by LaCl3 treatments increase. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in root system such as superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT) and peroxidase(POD) apparently enhance. Moreover *O-2 and malond ialdehyde(MDA) contents and cell membrane permeability of GF43 are decreased by LaCl3. The relatively stable membrane structure of cell could also be maintained and the root ageing of GF43 plantlet in vitro delays.
Wpływ wodnych wyciągów z Apera spica-venti na energię i zdolność kiełkowania Secale cereale i Triticosecale

The influence of water extracts from Apera spica-venti on germination capacity and energy of winter rye and winter triticale was evaluated in the study. The length of the first leaf and the longest primary root was estimated on cereal seedlings after eight days. The experiment was performed on Petri dishes in two independent series, 5 replications each. Water extracts from dry and fresh matter of above ground parts of Apera spica-venti were used. The extracts were prepared using 2, 4, and 8 g of dry and fresh weed matter per 100 ml of distilled water. Dishes wetted only with distilled water were the control objects. Results were statistically processed by means of variance analysis. Differences between the mean values were estimated applying Tukey’s test. Study results related to germination energy and capacity were transformed onto arcsin x function. Germination energy and capacity of winter rye and winter triticale decreased along with the increase of the concentration of water extracts from dry and fresh matter of Apera spica-venti. The highest concentration of the tested extracts decreased the germination energy and capacity of both cereal species the strongest. Length of the first leaf and primary root at winter rye and winter triticale were significantly shorter on Petri dishes with higher extract concentration. Water extracts from fresh matter of Apera spica-venti stimulated the length of the first leaf of the studied cereals.
Occurrence of virulence markers and profile of antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogenic E.coli in central India.

INTRODUCTION:Urinary tract infection (U. T. I.) is one of the most common infections seen in our country. Many organisms can infect Urinary Tract; but Escherichia coli is the most frequent Gram negative bacillus responsible for Urinary Tract Infection which accounts for about 80 to 90% of all Urinary Tract Infections (Maheswari UB, 2013). Urinary tract infections are a major public health concern in developing countries. e E. coli that cause urinary tract infection are not all the strains from the intestinal tract but a subgroup selected by factors enhancing extra intestinal survival. Such factors include motility by the aid of flagella, structural features such as fimbriae or pili and chemical adhesion (Emody L, 2003). It indicates that there is a high prevalence of multidrug resistant E. coli in UTI (Shafaq Aiyaz Hassan, 2011). E.coli is consistently associated with uropathogenicity and is designated as Uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC) these isolates express chromosomally encoded virulence markers. ese markers of UPEC are expressed with different frequencies in different disease states, ranging from asymptomatic bacteriuria to chronic pyelonephritis. (K Prabhat Ranjan, 2010).
Spectrum of MRI findings in traumaticknee

Introduction: Injuries to the intraarticular structures like menisci and cruciate ligaments are diagnosed with high sensitivity and specificity by MRI as compared with arthroscopy, which is still regarded as the gold standard. The acutely injured knee is readily imaged for the detection of meniscal and ligamentous injuries. Aim: To describe the MRI features in various types of traumatic lesions andto analyze the types of knee joint abnormalities detected by MRI which will aid in making a proper diagnosis. Materials and Methods: A total of 51 patients with history of trauma to the knee joint, who were referred to radiology department from orthopaedic department of Rajindra hospital Patiala, suspecting internal derangement of knee, served as subjects for this study. The inclusion and exclusion criteriafor this study was fixed as well as MRI protocol which included T1 and T2 saggital, PD weighted sequences in axial, Coronal and Saggital, Fat Suppressed T2 or STIR sequences if needed. The different types of lesions of all components of knee joint were categorized separately and data was assessed. Results: Out of 51 patients who underwent MRI with history of trauma, 23 (45%) patients had abnormal ACL and 28 (54.9%) patients had normal ACL. PCL was found abnormal in only 3 (5.8%) patients. MCL was abnormal in 5 (9.8%), joint effusion was seen in maximum no of 44 (86.2%) patients. Muscular pathology was seen in 1patient and bone pathology in 23 (45%) patients. In medial meniscus tearsand lateral meniscus tears, posterior horn tears were the commonest. In ACL tears, acute partial tears were the commonest (61%). Conclusion: In the setting of traumatic knee injury, MR imaging is the best noninvasive modality for the diagnosis of meniscal and ligamentous tears and to help guide the treatment of meniscal and ligament injuries,
Invoicing and Pricing-to-market: Evidence on international pricing by UK exporters

Using administrative data on export transactions, we show that UK firms invoice in multiple currencies — even when shipping the same product to the same destination — and switch invoicing currencies over time. We then provide microeconometric evidence that the currency in which a cross-border sale is invoiced predicts systematic differences in exchange rate pass-through and destination-specific markup adjustment, at the granular level of firm-productdestination and time. Based on an event study around the 2016 Brexit depreciation and econometric analysis of a longer period (2010-2017), we examine the export price elasticity to the exchange rate measured in sterling to find that this is low for transactions invoiced in producer currency and comparably high for sales invoiced either in a vehicle or in the destination market currency. However, our analysis of markup elasticities reveals that firms price-to-market only when they invoice sales in the destination market currency. Altogether, our findings imply that currency movements may cause significant short-run deviations from the law of one price not only across but also within borders; these are systematically linked to the firm’s choice of invoicing currencies. Dynamically, we find that the stark differences in price changes across invoicing currencies that emerged in the aftermath of the Brexit depreciation atrophied within six quarters, as all prices came to align broadly with the weaker pound. These findings enrich our understanding of the ‘international price system’ underpinning the international transmission of shocks (Gopinath (2015)), with crucial implications for open macro modelling and policy design.
Comparative performance of Cenchrus setigerus genotypes in arid region of Gujarat

Trial conducted on Cenchrus setigerus indicated that the varietal differences exist among various genotypes. Improved strain CAZRI-76 produced about 70% more dry matter as compared to local strain. The average dry matter yield depending upon rainfall varied between 19.6 to 32.3 q/ha. This indicates that selection of proper genotype can substantially increase forage production in this part of Gujarat.
Nine-year growth responses to planting density manipulation and repeated early fertilization in a loblolly pine stand in the Virginia Piedmont.

Silvicultural treatments that affect height growth will lead to changes in expressed site index, implying a change in the site’s quality or carrying capacity. Responses that modify the carrying capacity of the stand, known as type A responses (Nilsson and Allen 2003; equivalent to Snowdon’s [2002] type 2 response), result in growth rates of the treated stands diverging over time relative to untreated stands. An example is P applied at planting on chronically deficient sites (Pritchett and Comerford 1982). The response to this type of treatment can be modeled by adjusting site index (Amateis et al. 2005). A treatment-induced change in site index is a major contributing factor to increased basal area (McTague 2008) and hence to changes in stand volume. In contrast, silvicultural treatments such as herbaceous competition control in young loblolly pine plantations or midrotation fertilizer applications increase diameter growth more than height, and the response is relatively short-lived. These responses are referred to as type B responses (equivalent to Snowdon’s 2002 type 1 response) (Nilsson and Allen 2003, South and Miller 2007). In such cases, site quality or carrying capacity is not altered, but the growth rate of the stand is accelerated for a short period of time. Modeling these type B responses with a site index change is not appropriate, as the maximum carrying capacity of the site is not altered, and a better approach may be to use age shifts (South et al. 2006, South and Miller 2007, Carlson et al. 2008). Understanding how silvicultural treatments affect growth and whether they fundamentally alter site index is important to comprehending the long-term effects of the treatment on stand growth. This understanding will help develop appropriate approaches to modeling growth responses. The objectives of our study were to (1) quantify the growth response of young loblolly pine to different stand density and fertilization management strategies in the Virginia Piedmont, (2) determine whether the effects of stand density and fertilization interact, and (3) determine the point in the rotation when intraspecifc competition begins. We report on the responses over the first 9 years after planting.
Transformational Change in Sub-Saharan Cities: The Role of Informality in the Hybrid Economy of Uganda

Based on evidence from reviews of relevant literature, analysis of the secondary data from various official sources and primary research in the fieldwork in Uganda, the theoretical argument presented in this research monograph rests on the need to move from the dualistic concepts of the urban economy, to notions that present urban economic activities on a continuum. The study builds on the concept of the ‘hybrid economy’ (Chen, 2012) and the recent efforts of other researchers in challenging the dualistic concept of formal and informal sectors. The monograph provides an initial guide to this body of research, and identifies a number of key researchable issues.
Evolutionary Ecology of Plant Reproductive Strategies

1. Optimisation models 2. Investments, returns and proportionality 3. Gain curves: efficiency factors 4. Evolutionary stable strategies: sex allocation strategies as an example 5. Size at flowering 6. Reproductive effort 7. Size and number trade-offs: the evolution of seed size 8. Sex allocation theory for partially selfing plants 9. Size dependent sex allocation 10. Sex ratios in dioecious plants 11. Outcrossing, selfing or no sex at all? 12. Heterostyly 13. Selective embryo abortion 14. Attractiveness to pollinators 15. Parent-offspring conflict 16. Intragenomic conflict 17. Group and kin selection Appendix 1. Mathematical help References.
Teacher Perceptions of Quality Student-Teacher Relationships.

TEACHER PERCEPTIONS OF QUALITY STUDENT-TEACHER RELATIONSHIPS Cecilia Wilken, Ed.D. University of Nebraska, 2018 Advisory: Dr. Tami Williams Student-teacher relationships are a critical component of the classroom environment, and are unique for each relationship that exists between a teacher and the students in a class. Within a relationship, different amounts of closeness, dependency, and conflict influence the significance a student-teacher relationship can have on student success. Likewise, mobile students experience school in a different way than a nonmobile student does as they miss the intentional, classwide opportunities to interact and build a quality studentteacher relationship. Since mobile students experience school differently, schools need to respond to the mobile populations’ needs differently. This study explored how teacher’s perception of quality student-teacher relationships in the classroom vary by mobility through a 28 item survey. The Student Teacher Relationship Scale by Robert Pianta (1995) was completed by teachers for 104 students in an urban school that were mobile and nonmobile. An analysis of teacher perceptions of the student-teacher relationship, enrollment, behavior, and academic performance was completed. The study provides recommendations for further research and may provide insight to schools and teachers on considerations for strategies that might support mobile students in the classroom.
Traces of Transfer? Pragmatic development in the use of initial adverbials in the interlanguage of advanced Dutch learners of English

This thesis investigates the nature of language development at advanced stages of acquisition by presenting a contrastive and developmental corpus-analysis of advanced Dutch EFL learners’ use of clause-initial adverbials. It also looks into the possible underlying causes of Dutch learners’ frequent use of initial adverbials by considering whether it might be a) a transfer-induced feature of Dutch English, b) an interlanguage feature shared by learners of English with other L1 backgrounds, or c) a characteristic of novice writing in general. The results suggests that it is not so much the overall frequency of initial adverbials that sets apart advanced Dutch learners’ EFL writing from the writing of novice and expert native speakers, but the way initial adverbials are used for discourse linking purposes. There appear to be two (possibly interrelated) causes of this heavy reliance on initial adverbials to achieve textual cohesion: transfer and teaching. On the one hand, subtle traces of transfer at the syntax-pragmatics interface are likely to lie at the root of advanced Dutch learners’ use of initial adverbials to ‘anchor’ the sentence in which they occur to an antecedent in the directly preceding discourse. Dutch learners’ heavy reliance on initial linking adverbials, on the other hand, appears to be a more widely shared interlanguage feature. This may be at least partly explained by a largely reductionist approach to teaching textual cohesion in L2 English coursebooks, in which a focus on linking words comes at the expense of representative discussion of other cohesive strategies.
Dairy Cows:: Nutrition, Fertility and Milk Production

Preface Mastitis & Bovine Milk Production Oxidative Stress & Reproductive Disorders in Dairy Cows Production Diseases in Dairy Herds: Monitoring Transition Cows Increasing the Value in Dairy Chains Mainly Supplied by Small Scale Farms: Case Study from Morocco Genetic Parameters for Clinical Mastitis & Somatic Cell Count for Holstein Cows Managed under Mediterranean Climatic Conditions in Tunisia Incidence of Hypocalcemia & its Ca Homeostasis Mechanism in Periparturient Cows From three Intensive Dairy Farms of Heilongjiang Haemodynamic Changes of the Superovulated Corpus luteum in Cattle Index.
Using subjective equivalence scales to analyze poverty in Poland

The subjective equivalence scale for Poland in 2010 is estimated using the Polish Household Budget Survey. The scale increases consistently with household size, thus showing larger economies of scale than would be shown if the OECD approach was used. We compare the poverty rates based on the subjective scale with those obtained using expert approach. The overall poverty rates are not much different, but the choice of weighting methods leads to a significantly different distribution of poverty when different types of households are considered. In particular, according to the subjective approach, the one-person households are mostly at risk of financial poverty. This is opposite to the OECD approach, according to which larger households are more at risk. The results are consistent with those for the euro zone countries discussed in Bishop et al. (2014).
Deciphering Transcription and Methylation Specific to Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease

of a dissertation at the University of Miami. Dissertation supervised by Professor Margaret Pericak-Vance. No. of pages in text. (137) Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting approximately 13% of individuals 65 and older. Rare variants in the Amyloid precursor protein, Presenilin 1, or Presenilin 2 genes primarily cause Early-Onset Alzheimer disease and comprise 2% of AD cases. Conversely, Late-Onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) is much more complex and accounts for greater than 90% of AD cases. Recent transcriptome studies have shed light on molecular functions altered in LOAD. Many of these studies have consistently observed alterations within several pathways: synaptic transmission, inflammation, energy metabolism, myelination, and signal transduction. While αβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease, many clinical LOAD phenotypes are shared across other dementias, including cognitive decline and memory loss. Transcriptome studies have predominately compared Alzheimer samples to normal controls. Using this approach, it is often unclear if the observed disrupted processes in LOAD are specific to LOAD or are the result of non-specific general neurodegenerative effects. In this study, I deciphered the transcriptional and regulation changes observed in LOAD from those due to general neurodegeneration by using a disease control. In addition, two regulatory mechanisms that can influence transcription, ncRNAs and DNA methylation, were analyzed to determine their roles in the transcriptional changes specific to LOAD. This study revealed a wide disruption of transcription, splicing, and DNA methylation specific to LOAD and the general neurodegeneration process. In particular, LOAD specific changes were observed within cellular processes involved in myelination and the innate immune system. Further analysis revealed that strong LOAD specific disruptions of regulatory mechanisms of transcription (e.g. DNA methylation and ncRNAs) converged on cellular processes disrupted in LOAD, specifically processes involved in myelination. These results identified genes and processes specifically altered in LOAD, which could serve as potential avenues of treatment for LOAD. The use of additional types of neurodegenerative disease controls could allow the further honing in on genes specifically altered in LOAD and offers a very promising avenue for further investigations.
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for Identification of Tree Species of Anguilla, A. japonica, A. australis and A. bicolor

A new DNA polymorphism analysis, RAPD method, has been developed on PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification of random DNA fragments with short single primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequences.1-4) These poly morphisms can be detected without prior sequence infor mation. This technique is useful in studies on molecular taxonomy and geographic divergence of population.5,6) In this paper, the RAPD-PCR technique was examined for identification of three eel species, A. japonica, A. australis and A. bicolor. Eel samples were collected from three sites and iden tified morphologically7) (A. japonica: 5 specimens from Kochi, Japan; A. australis: 3 specimens from Tasmania, Australia; A. bicolor: 5 specimens from Java, Indonesia). Extraction of DNA was performed by a standard SDS phenol/chloroform method from the blood. ) Twenty primers of decamer oligonucleotides of arbitrary se quences were obtained from Operon Technologies (USA) (OPA-01 to OPA-20). PCR reactions were performed by modifying the pro