Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution of mutation rates challenges evolutionary predictability

Natural selection is commonly assumed to act on extensive standing genetic variation. Yet, accumulating evidence highlights the role of mutational processes creating this genetic variation: to become evolutionarily successful, adaptive mutants must not only reach fixation, but also emerge in the first place, i.e. have a high enough mutation rate relative to the population size. Here, we use numerical simulations to investigate how mutational biases impact our ability to observe rare mutational pathways in the laboratory and to predict outcomes in experimental evolution. We find the number of available mutations and the unevenness of their mutation rates to increase, sometimes impractically, the experimental effort required to discover all of them. Thus, most experimental studies lack power to directly observe the full range of adaptive mutations. Modelling mutation rates as a distribution, we show that a substantially larger target size ensures that a pathway mutates more commonly. Therefore, we predict that commonly mutated pathways are conserved between closely related species, contrary to rare pathways. This approach formalizes our proposal that most mutations have a lower mutation rate than the average mutation rate measured experimentally. We suggest that the extent of genetic variation is overestimated when based on the average mutation rate.
Deuterated buprenorphine retains pharmacodynamic properties of buprenorphine and resists metabolism to the active metabolite norbuprenorphine in rats

An active metabolite of buprenorphine (BUP), called norbuprenorphine (NorBUP), is implicated in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome when BUP is taken during pregnancy. Therefore, reducing or eliminating metabolism of BUP to NorBUP is a novel strategy that will likely lower total fetal exposure to opioids and thus improve offspring outcomes. Precision deuteration alters pharmacokinetics of drugs without altering pharmacodynamics. Here, we report the synthesis and testing of deuterated buprenorphine (BUP-D2). We determined opioid receptor affinities of BUP-D2 relative to BUP with radioligand competition receptor binding assays, and the potency and efficacy of BUP-D2 relative to BUP to activate G-proteins via opioid receptors with [35S]GTPγS binding assays in homogenates containing the human mu, delta, or kappa opioid receptors. The antinociceptive effects of BUP-D2 and BUP were compared using the warm-water tail withdrawal assay in rats. Blood concentration versus time profiles of BUP, BUP-D2, and NorBUP were measured in rats following intravenous BUP-D2 or BUP injection. The synthesis provided a 48% yield and the product was ≥99% deuterated. Like BUP, BUP-D2 had sub-nanomolar affinity for opioid receptors. BUP-D2 also activated opioid receptors and induced antinociception with equal potency and efficacy as BUP. The maximum concentration and the area under the curve of NorBUP in the blood of rats that received BUP-D2 were over 19- and 10-fold lower, respectively, than in rats that received BUP. These results indicate that BUP-D2 retains key pharmacodynamic properties of BUP and resists metabolism to NorBUP and therefore holds promise as an alternative to BUP. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Measuring the Effect on Prediction Accuracy When Data Transformation is Overlooked by Predicting the Development Effort of Software Projects

The software effort prediction spent for teams of developers is a main activity of the software planning. When a new prediction model is proposed, a common guideline is to transform data when there exists skewness, heteroscedasticity, or outliers. However, its performance could result awful if actual data is used for a software manager. Thus, in the present study, we empirically measured that impact on the prediction accuracy when nontransformed data value is used in the explanatory variable. Since statistical regression equation has been one of the models mostly used in the mentioned activity, in the present study, eight of them are generated from regression analysis. They were generated involving 1,500 software projects selected from an international public repository (i.e., ISBSG) and applying a hold-out cross validation method. The selection of each the eight data sets observed the guidelines suggested for the ISBSG. The Magnitude of Relative Error (MRE) and Pred$(l)$ were used as prediction accuracy measures. We can conclude that, although predictions can seem trustworthy, a software manager should be careful about using nontransformed data in prediction models when these have been generated from transformed data.
A cup of coffee in Mixed Reality: analysis of movements' smoothness from real to virtual

Mixed Reality (MR) is promising to fuse the visualization poten-tialities of Virtual Reality (VR) with the physical properties of the real world, thus allowing a more natural interaction in virtual en-vironments and preserving visuo-motor coordination and tactile perception. In this work, we perform an interaction task, taking a cup of coffee, which involves hand movements and grasping. We consider three scenarios: an MR environment implementing an eco-logical object substitution technique, in which the user touches real objects tracked in real-time and sees a virtual counterpart; a classi-cal VR environment, in which virtual objects do not have any real counterpart; the corresponding real scenario. In MR, the tracked real object can be either with a shape like the virtual one or a simpler real object. We compute the Minimum Jerk Cost function as a metric to compare movements in the different modalities, assuming that a major goal of motor coordination is producing the smoothest possible movement of the hand. From a pilot study, movements cost in VR is 5.1 times higher than the cost of the movements in the real world. This could be due to the lack of physicality when grabbing virtual objects without a real counterpart. Furthermore, the cost of movements obtained in MR is only 2.8 times higher than the one obtained in the real scenario, indicating that such a system could lead to more realistic and efficient human movements with respect to a VR system.
Near Real-Time Anomaly Detection in NFV Infrastructures

This paper presents a scalable cloud-based archi-tecture for near real-time anomaly detection in the Vodafone NFV infrastructure, spanning across multiple data centers in 11 European countries. Our solution aims at processing in real-time system-level data coming from the monitoring subsystem of the infrastructure, raising alerts to operators as soon as the incoming data presents anomalous patterns. A number of different anomaly detection techniques have been implemented for the proposed architecture, and results from their comparative evaluation are reported, based on real monitoring data coming from one of the monitored data centers, where a number of interesting anomalies have been manually identified. Part of this labelled data-set is also released under an open data license, for possible reuse by other researchers.
Selection of Distributed Generation Devices in Mountains by the Method of Analysis of Hierarchies

The article analyzes the use of distributed generation systems depending on the climatic features of the region, presents the main types of distributed generation systems used in various countries of the world, depending on technological, environmental and other requirements, outlines the main advantages of distributed generation systems in the context of the development of the electric power system of the Republic of Tajikistan. The dominant characteristics of mountainous terrain are given, the method of hierarchy analysis is applied to select the optimal version of power sources in mountainous areas, the principle of the method's operation and the main criteria for choosing energy sources for mountainous areas are given, a hierarchy tree is compiled for choosing the optimal version of power plants in mountainous areas, based on the analysis method hierarchies implemented the choice of energy source Conclusions. Based on the analysis performed, the choice of a distributed generation source is substantiated, taking into account a number of criteria that characterize the features of mountainous terrain.
Positivity of Weighted Wigner Distributions

In [4] a number of inequalities involving Wigner distributions and their moments are given. The present paper gives theorems on the positivity of weighted Wigner distributions, where the weight function is assumed to be radially symmetric. The main tool is a formula expressing weighted Wigner distributions of a function in terms of its Hermite coefficients and certain integrals involving Laguerre polynomials.
Digital Spinning Wheel for Just-a-Minute Session: A Pedagogical and Assessment Tool

In the present digital era, technology is being extensively used as an aid to teach different skills in a language teaching course. With the sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, where technology that was being used for peripheral tasks and activities in education so far, has now become pervasive in the learning spaces. Tech aids such as audio, video, internet, educational tools, etc. are the popular ones among teachers at all levels. The present study aims to explore the use of one such tool - Digital Spinning Wheel that has been used as a tool for conducting Just-a- Minute sessions in the Effective Public Speaking course being offered at Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, one of the premier engineering institutes of India. The study also makes an attempt to understand students' perceptions about the appropriacy of the choice of the tool and the effectiveness of the instructional tool as used by the course instructors. For the study, a questionnaire was designed and circulated through Google Form among all the students of the course. The findings of the study suggest that the Digital Spinning Wheel makes the classroom activity interesting and dynamic and also ensures objectivity and fairness during the conduction of the evaluative component, Just-a-Minute.
On implementation of delayed resonator with position and velocity feedback

This paper deals with Delayed Resonators (DR) with delayed position and velocity feedback. This special type of DR was recently introduced in the literature and theoretically shown to bring a Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) system into a resonator. In principle, this induced resonance in an SDOF system can be used as a conventional dynamic vibration absorber, when interconnected to a primary system subject to exogenous vibrations, with capabilities to improve the tuning into better frequency ranges. In the current paper, we propose a design and control implementation in an experimental platform of the DR with delayed position and velocity, including some numerical and experimental validations.
The enveloping semigroup of projective flows

Abstract The enveloping semigroup of a flow (X, T) has been used to study its dynamical properties. In this paper a detailed study is made of the class of enveloping semigroups which arise in the study of flows where T is a subgroup of GL(V) and X is the associated projective space, P(V).
Refining History for Future-Aware Neural Machine Translation

Neural machine translation uses a decoder to generate target words auto-regressively by predicting the next target word conditioned on a given source sentence and its previously predicted target words, i.e, its translation history, which suffers from two limitations: 1) the prediction of next word depends heavily on the quality of its history information. Moreover, the discrepancy between training and inference exacerbates this limitation; 2) this left-to-right decoding way cannot make full use of the target-side future information, which leads to the issue of unbalanced outputs. On the one hand, we alleviate the first limitation with a history-refining module, which learns to examine the quality of each history word by assigning it a confidence score. The confidence score is further used as a gate to control the amount of its word embedding flowing to the decoder. On the other hand, we attack the second limitation with a future-foreseeing module, which learns the distribution of future translation at each decoding time step. More importantly, we further propose refining history for future-aware NMT since the two modules can be closely incorporated as they focus on different kinds of context. Experimental results on various translation tasks with different scaled datasets, including WMT English$\leftrightarrow${German, French, Romanian}, show that our proposed approach achieves significant improvements over strong Transformer-based NMT baselines.
Vehicle Suspension System with a Biodynamic model and a Passenger Comfort Oriented Controller

Ensuring passenger comfort in automobiles is one of the most relevant and valued performance indicators. Regarding suspensions, which ensure passenger comfort by isolating the cabin from disturbances coming from the road profile, it is important to accurately measure the vertical dynamics of the passenger to improve comfort with an automatic control strategy. The contribution of this research is the generation of a mathematical model of 7 degrees of freedom (7DOF) from the connection of the 4DOF biodynamic model reported by Bai et al. (2017) and a 3DOF seat-chassis-tire model, limited to the vertical dynamics of a one-quarter vehicle (QoV). This proposal allows a more detailed analysis of the effects of disturbances on passengers and improves comfort through a semi-active suspension, e.g., a Skyhook control aimed at improving the passenger’s sense of comfort. Simulation results are presented in the time and frequency domains. The findings motivate the use of this biodynamic model in more advanced studies involving improvements in suspensions and/or the extension of the study to a half or full vehicle.
On convergence rates of some iterative regularization methods for an inverse problem for a nonlinear parabolic equation connected with continuous casting of steel

In this paper we consider an inverse problem for a nonlinear onedimensional heat equation, namely the problem of controlling the solidification front in a continuous cast steel slab, by appropriately choosing the cooling. We apply iterative regularization methods, especially Newton type methods and show their convergence with certain convergence rates under appropriate smoothness assumptions on the material parameters, the starting value of the iteration, and the solution of the inverse problem.
Mixed convective flow of immiscible viscous fluids in a vertical channel

Combined free and forced convection flow in a parallel-plate vertical channel is analyzed for immiscible viscous fluids taking into account the effect of viscous dissipation. Three types of thermal boundary conditions are described. These thermal boundary conditions are isothermal-isothermal, isoflux-isothermal, and isothermalisoflux for the left–right walls of the channel. The coupled nonlinear governing equations are solved analytically using the regular perturbation method. Separate solutions are matched at the interface using suitable matching conditions. The results are represented graphically for various governing parameters such as the ratio of Grashof number to Reynolds number, viscosity ratio, width ratio, and conductivity ratio for equal and different wall temperatures. It is found that the viscous dissipation enhances the flow reversal in the case of a downward flow while it counters the flow in the case of an upward flow. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 40(1), 1–25, 2011; Published online 22 October 2010 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20324
On the existence of LOCC-distinguishable bases in three-dimensional subspaces of bipartite 3 × n systems

We present numerical evidence showing that any three-dimensional subspace of has an orthonormal basis which can be reliably distinguished using one-way LOCC (local operations and classical communication), where a measurement is made first on the three-dimensional part and the result used to select an optimal measurement on the n-dimensional part. We also show that the order of measurement is essential, by providing an example of a three-dimensional subspace of which does not have any basis that can be distinguished by measuring first on the five-dimensional factor.
RIS-Aided Communications in Indoor and Outdoor Environments: Performance Analysis With a Realistic Channel Model

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) hold the potential to revolutionize the wireless communications industry via the dynamic control of the wireless channels to help achieve high data rates, high spectral and energy efficiencies, and low error rates, towards meeting the advanced specifications of B5G. In this context, this paper proposes a practical channel model for RIS-aided MIMO communications which considers the effects of RIS configurations, operating environments, path loss, scattering, etc. With this comprehensive channel model, the probability density function and the cumulative distribution function of the received signal-to-noise power ratio are derived by utilizing a double generalized K distribution, and closed-form expressions for the system’s error rate, outage probability, and channel capacity, are obtained. The analysis highlights the outperforming of the RIS-aided communications in indoor environments as compared to outdoor use cases due to the presence of less scatterers in the former.
Description of Next-Generation Software and a Historical Overview of the Rise of the Homodesmic Approach

This paper describes the history of the emergence of the homodesmic approach to solving the problem of organic chemistry. The importance of applying graph theory in the representation of chemical reactions for the possibility of solving chemical problems using various programming methods. An example of modeling the basis of homodesmic reactions with quantum chemical calculations for the 1,3-Dimethylcyclobutane molecule is illustrated. Representation of a molecule in the form of a graph using the modified Benson method and solving the problem through the use of adjacency matrices.
Modified Eccentric Connectivity of Generalized Thorn Graphs

The thorn graph of a given graph is obtained by attaching pendent vertices to each vertex of . The pendent edges, called thorns of , can be treated as or , so that a thorn graph is generalized by replacing by and by and the respective generalizations are denoted by and . The modified eccentric connectivity index of a graph is defined as the sum of the products of eccentricity with the total degree of neighboring vertices, over all vertices of the graph in a hydrogen suppressed molecular structure. In this paper, we give the modified eccentric connectivity index and the concerned polynomial for the thorn graph and the generalized thorn graphs and .
Space Weather observations and HF transmissions around the 2021 autumn equinox

Continuing the study of the influence of Space Weather conditions on radio communications in Mexico accomplished for 17 days of the spring of 2020, results of a longer campaign and around autumn of 2021 are analyzed in this paper. The length of the study and the number and variety of people collaborating in its development turn this new experiment into a remarkable event of citizen science. While the Space Weather conditions of the study in 2020 corresponded to an early stage of the Cycle 25 characterized by a very low level of solar activity, in the 77 days of the new observation period, 8 M class and 1 X class Solar Flares and 17 Coronal Mass Ejections took place. In addition, Coronal Holes were present in 50 days. This significant activity originated 2 G1, 1 G2 and 2 G3 geomagnetic storms and increased the scientific interest of the survey. This article includes a short explanation of the main solar phenomena affecting Space Weather and their presence in the survey followed by the description of the main variations of radio signals recorded by radio ham operators of the National Emergency Network in Mexico, at 7.120 MHz (40 m band) and 3.720 MHz (80 m band) frequencies. According to the records, the first band seems to present better response to propagation conditions than the second one during the experiment period, but a larger amount of observations are necessary to confirm this result.
Instructional Model for Developing Time Management Competencies Based on Experiential Learning Perspectives

Experiential learning, a latest popular method to guide students' individual practice, lays more emphasis on cognitive teaching than metacognitive teaching. In response to the above problem, this study creatively proposes a six-stage model of experiential learning for the theme of time management. A 28-day experiential activity was conducted in three classes of the same department. According to the interview record, most participants gave high praise to the overall experiential learning activity. Moreover, the results of the pre-test and post-test showed that the time management competencies of the participants improved. This paper provides a new design scheme to improve students' time management competencies, and to extend the understanding of experiential learning into the realm of metacognitive learning.
Kinematics, Metallicities, and Stellar Distributions in the Inner Disk and Bulge of the Milky Way

We present the results of a photometric and spectroscopic study of stars in four fields toward the inner disk and Galactic bulge. The fields are located symmetrically about the minor axis of the Milky Way at (l, b) = (-24.°8, -6.°0), (-8.°7, -6.°0), (+8.°4, -6.°0), and (+24.°4, -6.°1). We measured radial velocities and strengths of selected absorption-line indexes and derived the average reddening to each field, individual metallicities and photometric parallaxes for each star, and mean azimuthal rotation velocities and velocity dispersions for each field. We found that the stars are not strongly peaked in distribution at the tangent point or at bulgelike distances along any of the lines of sight. In each field, we find that velocity dispersion decreases as [Fe/H] increases, a correlation noted in many previous works. We also find that both velocity dispersion and [Fe/H] vary along each line of sight in a manner consistent with progressively sampling different populations (thin disk, bulge, thick disk, halo) at increasing distance; hence, the observed metallicity–velocity dispersion correlation is likely the result, at least in part, of the superposition of multiple populations viewed along the line of sight. We find that the disk stars in the (-24.°8, -6.°0) field are approaching the solar position at ∼50 km s-1 faster than the stars in the (+24.°4, -6.°1) field are moving away. Similarly, inner disk stars from the two inner fields have a velocity asymmetry of ∼35 km s-1. The velocity dispersions in these fields are also asymmetric; the -l fields have lower values than predicted for a circularly rotating exponential disk, while the +l fields have higher values. These kinematic asymmetries suggest that a barlike asymmetry exists in the inner disk of similar geometric positioning as the bar detected in the Galactic bulge. Comparison of the line-of-sight kinematics in our (+8.°4, -6.°0) field with the values of Minniti for a field at (+8°, +7°) indicates that the kinematics of the outer bulge is symmetric about the Galactic major axis. From the stars at bulgelike distances in our inner fields, we calculated a rotational velocity, and azimuthal velocity dispersion for the bulge. By linearly interpolating the values in the two fields, we found the projected mean rotation of the bulge to be 53.3 ± 0.3 km s-1 kpc-1, or 9.0 ± 0.5 km s-1 deg-1, in general agreement with other values from the literature.