Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth and production of soybean in response to spatial arrangement in savannah climate

The management of spatial arrangement in soybean culture (Glycine max L., Merrill) from seeding density and row spacing is an important tool that contributes to yield growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of spatial arrangement in the development and the production components of soybean in the Piauí Cerrado savanna. The experimental design was completely randomized, with subdivided plots and four replicates. The main plots consisted of different row spacing (17.5 cm, 25 cm, 50 cm and 76 cm) and subplots consisted of plant populations as follows: recommended (280,000 plant/ha); 50% below recommended; 50% and 100% higher than recommended. The subdivided plots had six lines of five metres in length. The highest growth component values (plant height, stem diameter and number of nodes) were observed in the larger spacing (50 cm and 76 cm) and lower populations (recommended and 50% below recommended). The highest component yield values (number of grains per pod, number of grains per plant, number of pods per plant, weight of one thousand seeds and productivity) were observed in the larger spacing (50 cm and 76 cm) and in the recommended population for the cultivar.
Menstrual hygiene practices in young girls of urban India

Menstruation is the visible manifestation of cyclic physiologic uterine bleeding because of shedding of uterine endometrium. Menarche occurs between 11-15 years. Sympathetic and careful handling of young girl experiencing menstruation is of paramount importance. It is done by mothers explaining the physiological changes during the period. Menstruation is generally considered as unclean and dirty in the Indian society.
The ocrelizumab phase II extension trial suggests the potential to improve the risk: Benefit balance in multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE Ocrelizumab inhibits relapsing multiple sclerosis when administered every six months. Based on potential similar memory B cell depletion mechanisms with cladribine and alemtuzumab, we hypothesised that CD20-depletion of B cells by ocrelizumab may exhibit a duration of response exceeding the current licenced treatment interval. METHODS Internet-located information from regulatory submissions and meeting reports relating to the unpublished open-label, phase II ocrelizumab extension trial (NCT00676715) were reviewed. This followed people (54-55/arm) with MS, who switched from placebo or interferon-beta to ocrelizumab for three 600 mg treatment cycles (week 24, 48, 72) or people treated with ocrelizumab for four 600 mg treatment cycles (week 0-72), followed by an 18 month treatment-free period. RESULTS CD19+ B cells were rapidly depleted within 2 weeks and slow CD19+ B cell repopulation began about 6 months after the last infusion with median-repletion of over 15 months. The reduced annualized relapse rate during the published efficacy study appeared to be maintained in the extension study and there were no new T1 gadolinium-enhancing or T2 lesions detected in the treatment-free period. Importantly, within these extension cohorts, there appeared to be fewer adverse events and infections events. CONCLUSIONS Ocrelizumab appears to induce durable relapsing disease inhibition, within 3 treatment cycles Therefore, it may be possible to reduce the frequency of dosing to maintain efficacy, whilst limiting infection and other risks associated with continuous immunosuppression and could allow more effective vaccination against new pathogens. Further studies are now clearly required to determine whether this data is robust.
Dynamics of physicochemical variables of the northern Colombian Caribbean coastal waters

This study explored oceanographic dynamics related to high productivity processes in the northern Colombian Caribbean. Four scientific expeditions were carried out between May and December 2018, where selected physicochemical variables were measured using a CTDO (conductivity, temperature and dissolved oxygen sensor system), and transparency with a Secchi disc. May and December showed typical upwelling waters, while August and November showed waters characteristic of the rainy season. Spatial dynamics were related to temperature and salinity. Thus, northeastern stations showed colder and saltier surface waters compared to those located to the southwest. Vertical readings were taken and the Caribbean Surface Water mass was identified, and below it the subtropical subsurface water mass, which emerges at the beginning of the year. The results suggest that upwelling and freshwater runoff have a direct impact on the hydrographic structure of the region.
Effects of planting method on yield and yield attributing characters in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of planting method on yield and yield attributing characters in chickpea. A randomized complete block design was adopted for the experiment with three replications. Four variety viz. BAU-1, BINA Chola-4, BINA Chola-5 and BINA Chola-9 and two planting method i.e. line sowing and ridge sowing were used in the experiment. The highest seed yield (1.81 ton/ha) was obtained from BINA Chola-4 and the lowest one (1.31 ton/ha) was found in BARI Chola-9. The seed yield was higher in ridge sowing (1.57ton/ha) and the lower (1.53 ton/ha) in line sowing. The highest seed yield (1.83 ton/ha) was obtained from BINA Chola-4 with ridge sowing and the lowest (1.30 ton/ha) was obtained from BARI Chola-9 in line sowing. It is concluded that ridge sowing is better than line sowing for the yield of chickpea. J. bio-sci. 28: 105-110, 2020
Proximal both-bone forearm fractures in children: factors predicting outcome

Background: The literature is replete with outcomes studies on pediatric forearm fractures; however, information concerning the outcomes of both-bone fractures of the proximal radius and ulna is limited. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the prognosis and outcomes in children with combined fractures of the proximal radius and ulna, with special attention to complications. Methods: A single-center, retrospective study identified patients ages 3 to 15 yr old with proximal forearm fractures treated between January of 1994 and February of 2014. Patients were excluded if they did not have both-bone fractures of the proximal forearm. Records were reviewed with a focus on outcomes and their association with age at the time of injury, severity of injury, type of treatment, and complications. Results: Thirty-one patients met the inclusion criteria. Significant differences were seen between patients younger than 10 yr of age and patients older than 10 yr of age in rates of requiring operative treatment (P=0.048) and returning to the operating room (P=0.037). There was no significant difference in nerve injury (P=0.519) or range-of-motion deficits (P=0.872) based on age. In addition, no difference was seen in range-of-motion deficits based on severity of injury as determined by displacement (complete or none) (P=0.139). Conclusions: Most proximal both-bone forearm fractures in children, including olecranon and radial neck fractures, Monteggia type IV fractures, and nonspecific proximal both-bone forearm fractures, have good-to-excellent results. In our study, older age, defined as 10 yr of age or older at the time of injury, resulted in more frequent need for operative intervention, a higher rate of return to the operating room, and greater risk of nerve injury. The older children were not more likely to have range of motion deficits despite a more involved course, which contradicts previous reports, and older age at the time of injury did not necessarily predict poorer outcomes. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Model-based glycaemic control using subcutaneous insulin for in-patients

Dysregulation of blood glucose (BG) levels can occur due to either the influence of stress hormones and external drugs in the critical care setting or a developed resistance/impairment to glucose regulation as seen in Type 1 and 2 diabetes. In both situations, external intervention to assist in regulating BG levels has shown reductions in morbidity and mortality. A method that has proven effective in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is the Stochastic TARgeted (STAR) model-based Glycemic Control (GC) protocol, which uses a combination of population-based stochastic models and Model Predictive Control (MPC) to provide safe and effective GC. Therefore, this type of GC may prove effective for out-patient type 2 diabetics. However, STAR is developed for the ICU setting and more specifically the model used, the Intensive Control Insulin Nutrition Glucose (ICING) model, is developed based on ICU patient characteristics and is not necessarily suitable for the out-patient setting. This research attempts to develop the STAR protocol and associated ICING model for better suitability of out-patient GC. In-silico and clinical data sets are used to review and develop control methodologies and technologies, and their impact on GC and outcomes. In addition, a clinical trial is designed to better understand the metabolic behaviour of type 2 diabetes, and enable improved, safer control of this cohort. The representation and use of the ICING model-based insulin sensitivity (SI) is investigated and validated in the ICU setting. Linear interpolation of sparse BG measurements was proven to give the best estimate of intermediate BG dynamics (mean RMSE 0.39 mmol/L). Minutely resampling of the interpolated BG measurements is shown to give the best representation of GC performance characteristics when GC protocol’s measurement frequency and sparsity varied. The stochastic model currently used by the STAR controller was shown to represent both the Christchurch, New Zealand (NZ) and Gyula, Hungary ICUs well, with the SI variability being within the controllers current stochastic model bounds consistently equal to or greater than 90% of the time. Piece-wise polynomial approximations of the stochastic models were shown to represent the currently used bounds well (All R2 values > 0.96) and provide approximately equal GC performance (% time in
Semantic Segmentation of Large-Size VHR Remote Sensing Images Using a Two-Stage Multiscale Training Architecture

Very-high resolution (VHR) remote sensing images (RSIs) have significantly larger spatial size compared to typical natural images used in computer vision applications. Therefore, it is computationally unaffordable to train and test classifiers on these images at a full-size scale. Commonly used methodologies for semantic segmentation of RSIs perform training and prediction on cropped image patches. Thus, they have the limitation of failing to incorporate enough context information. In order to better exploit the correlations between ground objects, we propose a deep architecture with a two-stage multiscale training strategy that is tailored to the semantic segmentation of large-size VHR RSIs. In the first stage of the training strategy, a semantic embedding network is designed to learn high-level features from downscaled images covering a large area. In the second training stage, a local feature extraction network is designed to introduce low-level information from cropped image patches. The resulting training strategy is able to fuse complementary information learned from multiple levels to make predictions. Experimental results on two data sets show that it outperforms local-patch-based training models in terms of both accuracy and stability.
Этнические особенности распространенности основных сердечно-сосудистых факторов риска среди жителей сельской местности в российском регионе и регионах Кыргызстана и Казахстана

Aim . To investigate on the prevalence of the main cardiovascular RF among inhabitants of rural regions in three countries: Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, with the analysis of ethnic specifics (by the data from Interepid study). Material and methods . The study has been conducted under the framework of international project “Interepid”. Into analysis, the representative selections included, of rural inhabitants from Volga district of Samara Region of Russia (n=1050), from Chuysky Region of Kyrgyzstan Republic (n=1341) and Karaganda Region of Kazakhstan Republic (n=1807), age 25-64 y. o. Under the framework of “Interepid”, the investigation included questionnaires by special chart, objective data and laboratory tests. Smoking was set if at least one cigarette per day. Arterial hypertension was set by criteria of increased BP and in normal BP if on treatment. Obesity criteria: body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 as body mass in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Results. Among the three analyzed countries, smoking was most prevalent in the Russians in Kazakhstan, and the lowest — in Russia. Russian men smoked more commonly comparing to native inhabitants in Kazakhstan, as in Kyrgyzstan. Arterial hypertension prevalence in the five analyzed groups showed the most prevalence among Russian population in Kyrgyzstan. In Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, among men the mean SBP values were significantly higher in Russians. Obesity was the most prevalent among rural inhabitants of Kyrgyzstan, among men and women of Kyrgyz nationality, and the peak of this parameter was at 50-59 y. o. ; obesity prevalence declined after 60 y. o. Conclusion. There remains high prevalence of CVD risk factors on the postsoviet area. The data obtained, points on ethnic differences of the main CVD risk factors inside the countries. It was shown that at populational level the Russians, living in rural areas of Middle Asia countries have more risk factors comparing to the Russians living in Russia (Samarskaya Region).
On critical-layer and diffusion-layer nonlinearity in the three-dimensional stage of boundary-layer transition

This paper considers nonlinear interactions in the three-dimensional stage of transition to turbulence, taking an accelerating boundary layer as a prototype flow. Attention is focused on transition via subharmonic resonance in the upper-branch scaling régime. It is shown that the (weakly) nonlinear instability of the flow is described by a seven-zoned structure, cf. the five-zoned structure for the linear problem. The dominant nonlinear interactions take place both in a critical layer and in ‘diffusion layers’. The nonlinearly generated mean flow in turn interacts with the wall to attain a maximum magnitude near the wall. It is emphasized that both the nonlinear mechanism and the flow structure are generic for three-dimensional disturbances. And there is some similarity with the work in the context of wave/vortex interaction. Numerical solutions of the amplitude equations indicate that if the oblique modes initially have a small amplitude, they first experience a rapid growth caused by parametric resonance. Following this the cubic interactions of the oblique modes inhibit the growth and lead to a wavelength shortening. However, if the initial amplitudes of the oblique modes are sufficiently large, the parametric resonance can be completely bypassed. Numerical solutions also suggest that oblique modes with unequal initial amplitudes evolve to an equal-amplitude state.
Prediction of Crystallization Propensity of Proteins from Bacillus haloduran Using Various Amino Acid and Protein Features

Correct prediction of propensity of crystallization of proteins is important for cost- and time-saving in determination of 3-demensional structures because one can focus to crystallize the proteins whose propensity is high through predictions instead of choosing proteins randomly. However, so far this job has yet to accomplish although huge efforts have been made over years, because it is still extremely hard to find an intrinsic feature in a protein to directly relate to the propensity of crystallization of the given protein. Despite of this difficulty, efforts are never stopped in testing of known features in amino acids and proteins versus the propensity of crystallization of proteins from various sources. In this study, the comparison of the features, which were developed by us, with the features from well-known resource for the prediction of propensity of crystallization of proteins from Bacillus haloduran was conducted. In particular, the propensity of crystallization of proteins is considered as a yes-no event, so 185 crystallized proteins and 270 uncrystallized proteins from B. haloduran were classified as yes-no events. Each of 540 amino-acid features including the features developed by us was coupled with these yes-no events using logistic regression and neural network. The results once again demonstrated that the predictions using the features developed by us are relatively better than the predictions using any of 540 amino-acid features.
RAS activation via CRLF2 signaling is a widespread mechanism in Down syndrome acute lymphoblastic leukemia regardless of RAS mutations

Background Down syndrome acute lymphoblastic leukemia (DS-ALL) is characterized by the high frequency of CRLF2-rearrangements, JAK2-mutations, or RAS-pathway mutations. Intriguingly, JAK2 and RAS mutations are mutually exclusive in leukemic sub-clones, causing dichotomy in therapeutic target choices. Results Here we show that in primary leukemic cells from DS-ALL, in the absence of RAS-mutations, wild-type (wt)RAS is active, and/or can be induced by the physiological ligand TSLP of the transmembrane-receptor CRLF2. We show active/inducible RAS in 14/20 (70%) of primary DS-ALL samples analyzed, 8 of which had no RAS-mutations, but 75% of those had either mutated or hyperphosphorylated JAK2. No wtRAS cases with mutated/hyperphosphorylated JAK2 were observed that lacked activated RAS protein. We prove in a cell model that elevated CRLF2 in combination with constitutionally active JAK2 is sufficient to activate wtRAS. We show that TSLP boosts the direct binding of active PTPN11 to wtRAS. Pre-inhibition of RAS or PTPN11, but not of PI3K or JAK signaling, prevented TSLP-induced RAS-GTP boost. Using multivariate-clustering based on RAS-activity/inducibility we show significant separation between standard-risk and high-risk DS-ALL groups. Cox proportional-hazards model showed protein-activity (but not mutation status) as independently predictive of outcome. Conclusions Our data indicate that RAS protein activity levels (and not JAK2/RAS mutation profiles), are predictive of outcome. Importantly, our data suggest that inhibition of RAS and direct RAS-pathway components should be combined with PI3K/mTOR and/or JAK2 inhibitors for high-risk cases. Therapeutically this is relevant for >75% of DS-ALL and our additional data suggest that it warrants further investigation in high-risk non-DS-ALL.
Inference Based on Small Randomized Oncology Clinical Trials: Is the Observed Treatment Effect True?

Citation: Cheng J, Zhang H, Tang S, Sridhara R (2017) Inference Based on Small Randomized Oncology Clinical Trials: Is the Observed Treatment Effect True. Int J Clin Biostat Biom 3:010. doi.org/10.23937/24695831/1510010 Received: March 01, 2017: Accepted: May 18, 2017: Published: May 20, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Cheng J, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Sama Sannipata Jwara- Sepsis, SIRS, MODS, Septic Shock and Delirium

Jwara (fever) is considered as ‘lord’ among all diseases according to Ayurveda because of its power to afflict the body, mind and senses. Jwara may be a symptom of some other disease or can occur as an independent disease. Many types of jwara have been described in Ayurvedic classical texts. There are 13 types of sannipataja jwara (fever caused by the vitiation of all three doshas) among them ‘Sama sannipata jwara (SSJ)’ (where all the three doshas are equally dominant). The present article is based on SSJ, as till date there is no clear understanding about this condition and various confusions are prevailed on this topic. Previous works have compared SSJ with ‘Stills disease’ and ‘Dengue fever’ but the present study has a different view. The similarity between SSJ and ‘sepsis/septic shock/systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)/multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)/septic encephalopathy/delirium’ is explored in the present article. Karnamoola shotha which is the complication of sannipata jwara denotes a condition of mastoiditis leading to meningitis and death. There is profound similarity between SSJ and sepsis syndromes in terms of pathological progression, symptomatology and prognosis. Reference of the conditions like sepsis syndromes is described in Ayurvedic texts under the domain of Sannipata jwara many centuries before.
Is near infrared spectroscopy valid for the detection of procedural pain in postoperative cardiac surgery intensive care unit adults?

This study aimed to examine the validity of the regional cerebral oxygenation using the near infrared spectroscopy technique for pain assessment in postoperative cardiac surgery adults in the intensive care unit. The near infrared spectroscopy for the assessment of pain has been studied in pediatric population, but its use in adult population especially in the critically ill is new. A total of 125 cardiac surgery intensive care unit patients from a Canadian university-affiliated hospital participated in this prospective repeated-measures study. Six assessments were completed at rest before, during, and 15 min after two procedures: (1) non-nociceptive (blood pressure measurement using cuff inflation) and (2) nociceptive (mediastinal tube removal). Regional cerebral oxygenation (%) was measured using the INVOS 5100 device (Somanetics, Troy, MI, USA). The Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool was employed to assess behavioral responses to pain. Self-reports of pain intensity and unpleasantness using 0–10 scales were also obtained. Participants were mostly males (89%) and averaged 65 of age. Regional cerebral oxygenation showed significant mild bilateral decreases (<1%; p<0.01) while higher mean Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool scores, pain intensity, and unpleasantness self-reports were obtained during mediastinal tube removal (p < 0.001). Only the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool score was mildly correlated to the right side regional cerebral oxygenation (r −0.23; p < 0.01). Changes in regional cerebral oxygenation were mild and in the opposite direction. Unfortunately, the findings do not support the clinical use of the INVOS 5100 (Somanetics, Troy, MI, USA) and its regional cerebral oxygenation hemodynamic parameter for the assessment of pain in the cardiac surgery critically ill patients.
Heterogeneous Effect of a Non-contributory Pension: Evidence from Bolivia

We test whether eligibility for the Renta Dignidad social pen- sion mitigates old-age poverty and induces (in)direct behavioural responses by using a regression discontinuity design as the age cut- off determining eligibility is set at 60. We find that, first, neither poverty nor consumption or labour supply are affected by spouses’ eligibility and, second, the probability of co-residing grandchildren in households with both spouses eligible is higher. We contribute to the literature by showing how the role of gender in decisions with an intergenerational component can help rationalising apparent limita- tions of the pension in fighting poverty in the short-run.