Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is Bullying Always about Status? Status Goals, Forms of Bullying, Popularity and Peer Rejection during Adolescence

Abstract Bullying has been associated with status goals among peers, but this research has not distinguished among forms of bullying, nor included actual status or popularity among peers in an integrated analysis. To this aim, in concurrent correlational data, we examined adolescent status goals as predictors of peer-reported physical, verbal, exclusionary and electronic bullying, and these further as predictors of popularity and peer rejection (N = 256; 67.2% girls; M age = 12.2 years). We also explored potential indirect associations of status goals with popularity and peer rejection via forms of bullying. The findings indicated that verbal bullying was the most common form of bullying. Status goals were positively related to all but physical bullying, yet only verbal bullying partially mediated this association with popularity. Electronic bullying was unrelated to popularity and peer rejection, when controlling for other bullying forms (but was positively related to rejection at the bi-variate level). The findings underscore the importance of assessing bullying as a heterogeneous construct, as related goals and adjustment among peers may depend on its specific form.
Importance of tumor volume, overall treatment time and fractionation sensitivity for p16-positive and p16-negative oropharyngeal tumors

Abstract Background Analyses of clinical outcomes following radiotherapy (RT) have advanced our understanding of fundamental radiobiological characteristics in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Low fractionation sensitivity appears to be a common feature, as well as susceptibility to changes in overall treatment time (OTT). Large tumors should be harder to cure if a successful RT requires the sterilization of all clonogenic cells. Congruently, primary tumor volume has proven to be an important parameter. However, most findings come from an era when p16-negative HNSCC was the dominant tumor type. HPV-associated, p16-positive, oropharyngeal tumors (OPSCC) are more radiosensitive and have better outcome. The current study aims to investigate the role of primary tumor volume, OTT and estimate α -ratio for p16-positive OPSCC, and to quantify the differences in radiosensitivity depending on p16-status. Methods A cohort of 523 patients treated with RT was studied using a tumor control probability (TCP)-model that incorporates primary tumor volume (V) raised to an exponent c, OTT and α -estimation. The significance of V was also investigated in Cox-regression models. Results In the p16-positive cohort (n = 433), the volume exponent was 1.44 (95%CI 1.06–1.91), compared to 0.90 (0.54–1.32) for p16-negative tumors (n = 90). Hazard ratios per tumor volume doubling were 2.37 (1.72–3.28) and 1.83 (1.28–2.62) for p16-positive and p16-negative, respectively. The estimated α -ratio was 9.7 Gy (−2.3–21.6), and a non-significant daily loss of 0.30 Gy (−0.17–0.92) was found. An additional dose of 6.8 Gy (interquartile range 4.8-9.1) may theoretically counteract the more radioresistant behavior of p16-negative tumors. Conclusion Primary tumor volume plays a crucial role in predicting local tumor response, particularly in p16-positive OPSCC. The estimated α/β-ratio for p16-positive oropharyngeal tumors aligns with previous HNSCC studies, whereas the impact of prolonged OTT was slightly less than previously reported. The differences in radiosensitivity depending on p16-status were quantified. The findings should be validated in independent cohorts.
Homogeneous-Multiset-CCA-Based Brain Covariation and Contravariance Connectivity Network Modeling

Brain connectivity networks based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have expanded our understanding of brain functions in both healthy and diseased states. However, most current studies construct connectivity networks using averaged regional time courses with the strong assumption that the activities of voxels contained in each brain region are similar, ignoring their possible variations. Additionally, pairwise correlation analysis is often adopted with more attention to positive relationships, while joint interactions at the network level as well as anti-correlations are less investigated. In this paper, to provide a new strategy for regional activity representation and brain connectivity modeling, a novel homogeneous multiset canonical correlation analysis (HMCCA) model is proposed, which enforces sign constraints on the weights of voxels to guarantee homogeneity within each brain region. It is capable of obtaining regional representative signals and constructing covariation and contravariance networks simultaneously, at both group and subject levels. Validations on two sessions of fMRI data verified its reproducibility and reliability when dealing with brain connectivity networks. Further experiments on subjects with and without Parkinson’s disease (PD) revealed significant alterations in brain connectivity patterns, which were further associated with clinical scores and demonstrated superior prediction ability, indicating its potential in clinical practice.
A comprehensive study on the arterial vasculature of the brain in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): Clinical correlates

The present study was designed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the anatomical aspects of arterial blood vasculature in the water buffalo brains. Fifty cranial cavities of adult water buffaloes were opened via both the dorsal and ventral approaches and the arteries were exposed and photographed. The buffalo rostral epidural rete mirabile generally resembled that of large ruminants. The oculomotor, abducent and trigeminal nerves were intimately associated with the rostral rete. Similar to the majority of ruminants, the arterial circle of the brain was heart‐shaped in buffalos and presented all collateral blood vessels as mentioned in the previous literature. The study further revealed that the cranial nerve roots were closely related to the arterial circle of the brain and could be used as indicators for differentiating various branches of the arterial circle of the brain. In addition to the usual variations of the arterial circle of the brain, a bihemispheric rostral cerebral artery along with an aplastic rostral cerebral artery were reported for the first time. The deviant behaviour of the rostral cerebral artery forms a baseline to study various clinical conditions of the blood vasculature in the buffalo brain. The rostral choroidal, middle cerebral and the caudal cerebral arteries constantly were emerged as single vessels without any variations. In conclusion, the anatomy of the arterial vasculature of the buffalo brain observed in the present study provided evidence of its morphological resemblance to other species of the Bovini tribe.
Gene expression and copy number profiling of follicular lymphoma biopsies from patients treated with first-line rituximab without chemotherapy

Abstract The Nordic Lymphoma Study Group has performed two randomized clinical trials with chemotherapy-free first-line treatment (rituximab +/- interferon) in follicular lymphoma (FL), with 73% of patients alive and 38% without any need of chemotherapy after 10.6 years median follow-up. In order to identify predictive markers, that may also serve as therapeutic targets, gene expression- and copy number profiles were obtained from 97 FL patients using whole genome microarrays. Copy number alterations (CNAs) were identified, e.g. by GISTIC. Cox Lasso Regression and Lasso logistic regression were used to determine molecular features predictive of time to next therapy (TTNT). A few molecular changes were associated with TTNT (e.g. increased expression of INPP5B, gains in 12q23/q24), but were not significant after adjusting for multiple testing. Our findings suggest that there are no strong determinants of patient outcome with respect to GE data and CNAs in FL patients treated with a chemotherapy-free regimen (i.e. rituximab +/– interferon).
Collagen XVII regulates tumor growth in pancreatic cancer through interaction with the tumor microenvironment

Expression of the gene for collagen XVII (COL17A1) in tumor tissue is positively or negatively associated with patient survival depending on cancer type. High COL17A1 expression is thus a favorable prognostic marker for breast cancer but unfavorable for pancreatic cancer. This study explored the effects of COL17A1 expression on pancreatic tumor growth and their underlying mechanisms. Analysis of published single‐cell RNA‐sequencing data for human pancreatic cancer tissue revealed that COL17A1 was expressed predominantly in cancer cells rather than surrounding stromal cells. Forced expression of COL17A1 did not substantially affect the proliferation rate of the mouse pancreatic cancer cell lines KPC and AK4.4 in vitro. However, in mouse homograft tumor models in which KPC or AK4.4 cells were injected into syngeneic C57BL/6 or FVB mice, respectively, COL17A1 expression promoted or suppressed tumor growth, respectively, suggesting that the effect of COL17A1 on tumor growth was influenced by the tumor microenvironment. RNA‐sequencing analysis of tumor tissue revealed effects of COL17A1 on gene expression profiles (including the expression of genes related to cell proliferation, the immune response, Wnt signaling, and Hippo signaling) that differed between C57BL/6‐KPC and FVB‐AK4.4 tumors. Our data thus suggest that COL17A1 promotes or suppresses cancer progression in a manner dependent on the interaction of tumor cells with the tumor microenvironment.
Quantitative anatomy of the large variant right hepatic vein: A systematic three‐dimensional analysis

Anatomical variations of the right hepatic vein, especially large variant right hepatic veins (≥5 mm), have important clinical implications in liver transplantation and resection. This study aimed to evaluate anatomical variations of the right hepatic vein using quantitative three‐dimensional visualization analysis. Computed tomography images of 650 patients were retrospectively analyzed, and three‐dimensional visualization was applied using the derived data to analyze large variant right hepatic veins. The proportion of the large variant right hepatic vein was 16.92% (110/650). According to the location and number of the variant right hepatic veins, the configuration of the right hepatic venous system was divided into seven subtypes. The length of the retrohepatic inferior vena cava had a positive correlation with the diameter of the right hepatic vein (rs = 0.266, p = 0.001) and the variant right hepatic veins (rs = 0.211, p = 0.027). The diameter of the right hepatic vein was positively correlated with that of the middle hepatic vein (rs = 0.361, p < 0.001), while it was inversely correlated with that of the variant right hepatic veins (rs = −0.267, p = 0.005). The right hepatic vein diameter was positively correlated with the drainage volume (rs = 0.489, p < 0.001), while the correlation with the variant right hepatic veins drainage volume was negative (rs = −0.460, p < 0.001). The number of the variant right hepatic veins and their relative diameters were positively correlated (p < 0.001). The volume and percentage of the drainage area of the right hepatic vein decreased significantly as the number of the variant right hepatic vein increased (p < 0.001). The findings of this study concerning the variations of the hepatic venous system may be useful for the surgical planning of liver resection or transplantation.
Accelerated Miocene incision along the Yangtze River driven by headward drainage basin expansion

Along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, the onset of rapid fluvial incision during the Miocene is commonly attributed to growth of high topography. Recent recognition of lacustrine strata preserved atop interfluves, however, suggest that headward expansion of river networks drove migration of the topographic divide. Here, we explore the impact of this process on fluvial incision along the Yangtze River. Landscape evolution simulations demonstrate that expansion of the Yangtze watershed since the Late Miocene could be responsible for 1 to 2 kilometers of fluvial incision. The distribution of modern knickpoints and river profiles is consistent with this hypothesis. We suggest that increased erosive power associated with capture and basin integration drove accelerated incision during the Late Miocene. Our results imply that eastern Tibet was elevated before middle Cenozoic time and that the tempo of fluvial incision may be out of phase with uplift of plateau topography.
Rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis – inflammatory and infectious connections. Review of the literature

Abstract An association between oral disease/periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been considered since the early 1820s. The early treatment was tooth eradication. Epidemiological studies suggest that the prevalence of RA and periodontitis may be similar and about 5% of the population are aged 50 years or older. RA is considered as an autoimmune disease whereas periodontitis has an infectious etiology with a complex inflammatory response. Both diseases are chronic and may present with bursts of disease activity. Association studies have suggested odds ratios of having RA and periodontitis varying from 1.8:1 (95% CI: 1.0–3.2, NS) to 8:1 (95% CI: 2.9–22.1, p<0.001). Genetic factors are driving the host responses in both RA and periodontitis. Tumor necrosis factor-α, a proinflammatory cytokine, regulates a cascade of inflammatory events in both RA and periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a common pathogen in periodontal infection. P. gingivalis has also been identified in synovial fluid. The specific abilities of P. gingivalis to citrullinate host peptides by proteolytic cleavage at Arg-X peptide bonds by arginine gingipains can induce autoimmune responses in RA through development of anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies. In addition, P. gingivalis carries heat shock proteins (HSPs) that may also trigger autoimmune responses in subjects with RA. Data suggest that periodontal therapies combined with routine RA treatments further improve RA status. Conclusion s: Periodontal infection (P. gingivalis) carries a unique risk for development of autoimmune antibodies associated with RA. Patients with RA have either lost many teeth or usually have severe periodontitis. Additional research, both in regards to basic mechanisms as well as clinical studies, are necessary before it can be said that there are causative links between RA and periodontitis. Cross-disciplinary research in well-defined populations should be performed to further enhance knowledge and develop clinical strategies how to coordinate therapy and risk assessments of RA and periodontitis.
Creative activities as intervention: experiences of well-being and satisfaction with daily living in a mental health context

Abstract There is increasing recognition in research of the role of creative activities in mental health recovery empowering the management of daily living and enhancing well-being and personal growth. Creative activities can generate psychological, physiological, and social responses that are themselves causally linked with health outcomes. Purpose This study aimed to explore to what extent and in which way people with severe mental illness experience well-being, performance, and satisfaction with daily living when participating in creative activities as intervention. Materials and methods A sequential mixed-methods design was applied. Data was obtained at two measurement points two-three weeks apart using the WHO-5 questionnaire and COPM questionnaire from a sample of 33 participants participating in interventions with creative activities. In addition, eight of the participants took part in qualitative semi-structured interviews, and data was analysed using content analysis on a manifest level. The quantitative data was processed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests and Kendall’s tau-b for correlations. Result Participation resulted in improved self-rated well-being (17. 70. p < 0.0001), self-perceived occupational performance of daily living (1.40, p = 0.001), and satisfaction with occupational performance (2.05, p < 0.0001). The changes in well-being and daily living were explained by a work-like content and structure, positive intrapersonal and social acceptability experiences, and greater self-esteem due to the experience of being an artist. Conclusion This study contributes with knowledge about participation in creative activities as intervention even for a short period enables well-being, and performance and satisfaction with daily living for people experiencing severe mental illness.
Detailed fine needle aspiration cytopathology findings of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features with nuclear grading correlated to that of biopsy and Bethesda category and systematic review

Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) poses diagnostic challenge in fine needle aspiration cytopathology (FNAC). We aimed first to document our FNAC Bethesda categories (BCs) for all of our NIFTPs and compare our findings with those in the literature with series containing at least 14 cases each.
Colorectal adenomatous and serrated polyps in rural South Australia: who, why, what and where?

The adenoma‐carcinoma and serrated pathways offer a window of opportunity for the removal of pre‐malignant polyps and prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC) through the use of colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to investigate variation in polyp incidence in different age groups, gender and indications for undertaking colonoscopy. We also address histological types of polyps found and where in the bowel they are located.
An analysis of the spread of electric field within the cochlea for different devices including custom-made electrodes for subtotal cochleoectomy

Objective Cochlear implants (CIs) can restore hearing not only in patients with profound hearing loss and deafness, but also in patients following tumour removal of intra-cochlear schwannomas. In such cases, design and placement differ from conventional electrode insertion, in which the cochlea remains filled with fluid. Despite these technical and surgical differences, previous studies have tended to show positive results in speech perception in tumour patients. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the ability to predict speech recognition outcomes using individual electric field spreads and to investigate worldwide unique tumour cases. Study design In a retrospective analysis in a university tertiary center electric field spreads were compared between two groups of electrode designs implanted between 2009 and 2020 i.e., between lateral wall electrodes and custom-made perimodiolar electrode carriers from the same company. The voltage gradients were analysed and grouped with speech recognition results. Results Differences in electrical field spreads were found between lateral wall electrodes and the custom-made perimodiolar electrodes, whereas a significant influence of electric fields on scores in speech recognition cannot be demonstrated. Conclusion Prediction of speech recognition outcome based on electric field propagation results seems not feasible. Significant differences in field spread between electrode arrays can be clearly demonstrated. This observation and its relevance to hearing treatment and speech recognition should therefore be further investigated in upcoming studies.
Auto-CA: Automated Cobb Angle Measurement Based on Vertebrae Detection for Assessment of Spinal Curvature Deformity

An accurate identification and localization of vertebrae in X-ray images can assist doctors in measuring Cobb angles for treating patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. It is useful for clinical decision support systems for diagnosis, surgery planning, and spinal health analysis. Currently, publicly available annotated datasets on spinal vertebrae are small, making deep-learning-based detection methods that are highly data-dependent less accurate. In this article, we propose an algorithm based on convolutional neural networks that can be trained to detect vertebrae from a small set of images. This method can display critical information on a patient's spine, display vertebrae and their labels on the thoracic and lumbar, calculate the Cobb angle, and evaluate the severity of spinal deformities. The proposed achieved an average accuracy of 0.958 and 0.962 for classifying spinal deformities (i.e., C-shaped, S-shaped type 1, and S-shaped type 2) and severity of Cobb angle (i.e., normal, mild, moderate, and severe), respectively. The Cobb angle measurement had a median difference of less than 5° from the ground-truth with SMAPE of 5.27% and an error on landmark detection of 19.73. In addition, Lenke classification is used to analyze spinal deformities as types A, B, and C, which have an average accuracy of 0.924. Physicians can use the proposed system in clinical practice by providing X-ray images via the user interface.
Differences in perceptions and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination between vaccine hesitant and non-hesitant persons

Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination becomes more critical as new variants continue to evolve and the United States (US) attempts to move from pandemic response to management and control. COVID-19 stands out in the unique way it has polarized patients and generated sustained vaccine hesitancy over time. We sought to understand differences in perceptions and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination between vaccine hesitant and non-hesitant patients, with the goal of informing communication and implementation strategies to increase uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in Veteran and non-Veteran communities. This qualitative study used interview data from focus groups conducted by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the University of Utah; all focus groups were conducted using the same script March-July 2021. Groups included forty-six United States Veterans receiving care at 28 VA facilities across the country and 166 non-Veterans across Utah for a total of 36 one-hour focus groups. We identified perceptions and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination through qualitative analysis of focus group participant remarks, grouping connections with identified themes within domains developed based on the questions asked in the focus group guide. Responses suggest participant attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine were shaped primarily by vaccine attitude changes over time, impacted by perceived vaccine benefits, risks, differing sources of vaccine information and political ideology. Veterans appeared more polarized, being either largely non-hesitant, or hesitant, whereas non-Veterans had a wider range of hesitancy, with more participants identifying minor doubts and concerns about receiving the vaccine, or simply being altogether unsure about receiving it. Development of COVID-19 vaccine communication strategies in Veteran and non-Veteran communities should anticipate incongruous sources of information and explicitly target community differences in perceptions of risks and benefits associated with the vaccine to generate candid discussions and repair individuals’ trust. We believe this could accelerate vaccine acceptance over time.