Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFECTO DE LA MAREA EN LA PRODUCTIVIDAD ORGÁNICA PRIMARIA EN UNA LAGUNA COSTERA DEL CANAL DE BALLENAS, GOLFO DE CALIFORNIA TIDAL EFFECT ON ORGANIC PRIMARY PRODUCTMTY IN A COASTAL LAGOON OF BALLENAS CHANNEL, GULF OF CALIFORNLA

Phytoplankton organic primary productivity (POP) and nutrient time series were generated in a coastal lagoon of the Gulf of California from 6 to 12 August 1986 to estimate the influente of Ballenas Channel during spring and neap tides. Otean water temperature and salinity varied from 26 to 30°C and from 35.54 to 35.63%0, respectively. Oxygen was unsaturated at 85% in more than 70% of the data collected. Values of supersaturated oxygen were obtained during daylight hours only, which increased during neap tides due to the conditioning of the phytoplankton, resuhing in greater photosynthesis. It can be inferred from the marked unsaturation that this is an area of high oxygen
Shifts in body temperature and escape behaviour of female Podarcis muralis during pregnancy

Average field body temperatures of pregnant female Podarcis muralis (32.620C) were significantly lower than that of males and non-pregnant females (overall average: 33.740C). However, when tested in terrarium with a strong thermal gradient in a limited space, which represents a low-cost environment for thermoregulation, neither body temperature nor position in the thermal gradient differed among groups of sex and reproductive condition. Body temperatures selected in thermal gradient (overall average: 33.770C) was similar to those exhibited in the field by males and nonpregnant females. This means that low body temperature exhibited by pregnant females in the field is not a consequence of a change of the thermal preferences at this stage, but might be explained on the basis of constraints related to their reproductive condition. Pregnant females stay closer to the refuge and allow approach to a shorter distance than do males and non-pregnant females. Approach distance was partially explained by the distance to refuge, but even when the effects of the distance to refuge were removed by applying the residuals of the regression, the approach distance for pregnant females was significantly lower than for other individuals. This reflects the existence of a behavioural component of motion-less in addition to the tendency to remain closer to a shelter, and means a shift in the predator-avoidance tactic from flight to crypsis, presumably because effectiveness of the flight tactic would be reduced during pregnancy. The behavioural changes associated with pregnancy may preclude careful thermoregulation, as this requires frequent movements
Deep Learning for Characterizing Paleokarst Collapse Features in 3‐D Seismic Images

Paleokarst systems are found extensively in carbonate‐prone basins worldwide. They can form large reservoirs and provide efficient pathways for hydrocarbon migration, but they can also create serious engineering geohazards. The full delineation of potentially buried paleokarst systems plays an important role for reservoir characterization, oil and gas production, and other engineering tasks. We propose a supervised convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically and accurately characterize paleokarst and associated collapse features from 3‐D seismic images. To avoid time‐consuming manual labeling for training the CNN, we propose an efficient workflow to automatically generate numerous 3‐D training image pairs including synthetic seismic images and the corresponding label images of the collapsed paleokarst features simulated in the seismic images. With this workflow, we are able to simulate realistic and diverse geologic structures and collapsed paleokarst features in the training images from which the CNN can effectively learn to recognize the collapsed paleokarst features in real field seismic images. Two field examples from the Fort Worth Basin demonstrate that our CNN‐based method is superior to conventional automatic methods in delineating paleokarst collapse features from seismic images. From the CNN‐based paleokarst characterization, we can further automatically extract 3‐D collapsed paleokarst systems and quantitatively measure their geometric parameters. Our CNN‐based method is highly efficient and takes only seconds to classify collapsed paleokarst features a 3‐D seismic image with 320 × 1, 024 × 1, 024 samples (approximately 268 km2) by using one graphics processing unit.
Long-term time-series study of salp population dynamics in the Sargasso Sea

Salps are bloom-forming, pelagic tunicates with high grazing rates on phytoplankton, with the potential to greatly increase vertical particle flux through rapidly sinking fecal pellets. However, the frequency and causes of salp blooms are not well known. We quantified salps from day and night zooplankton net tows in the epipelagic zone of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre as part of the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS). Salp species and size were quantified in biweekly to monthly tows from April 1994 to November 2011. Twenty-one species of salps occurred at the BATS site over this time period, and the most common bloom-forming salps were Thalia democratica, Salpa fusiformis, Weelia (Salpa) cylindrica, Cyclosalpa polae, and Iasis zonaria. Five species of salps exhibited diel vertical migration, and salp abundances varied seasonally, with T. democratica, S. fusiformis, and C. polae blooms coincident with the spring phytoplankton bloom, and W. cylindrica blooms occurring more often in late summer. For T. democratica, mean annual biomass increased slightly over the time series and was elevated every 3 yr, and biomass increased in the presence of cyclonic mesoscale eddies. Decadal climate oscillations and biogeochemical conditions influenced multi-year trends in salp abundance and biomass. Both total salp and T. democratica abundance were positively correlated with primary production, total salp biomass was positively correlated with the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, and T. democratica biomass was negatively correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. These salp bloom dynamics have important implications for planktonic food web interactions and biogeochemical cycling.
Patent Puzzle, Inflation, and Internal Financial Constraint

Although Schumpeterian growth models typically predict that stronger patent protection enhances innovation-driven economic growth, the empirical evidence does not support this idea. We explore the unclear relationship at work by shedding light on the financing of R&D investment. Empirically, R&D-intensive firms preferentially rely on their internal cash flows rather than external funds. We develop a simple monetary Schumpeterian growth model in which R&D firms face an endogenous financing choice that is consistent with this evidence. In our model, the scale of R&D investment may be financially constrained by internal cash because external financing is costly. Our model shows that the relationship between patent protection and growth can be either N-shaped, inverted-U shaped, or positive depending on the inflation rate. Specifically, we find that the growth effect of the pro-patent policy is likely to be negative under a high inflation rate, while the growth effect is always positive under the Friedman rule.
Identidade racial, contexto urbano e mobilização política

O baixo nível de mobilização política dos afio-brasileiros é geralmente atribuído, ao menos em parte, ao papel do Estado brasileiro. Os estudiosos chamaram a atenção para o gerenciamento eficaz de tensões e desigualdade raciais pela elite brasileira1, ou para o fracasso do Estado em promover a democracia, através da qual a participação possibilitaria o florescimento da identidade racial tanto dos afio-brasileiros como dos brancos. Outros s e concentraram em questões culturais, de acordo com as quais a identidade racial se tornaria ambígua em função de um sistema de classificação racial continuo (branco, preto, pardo etc), em vez de ~ategórico. ~(branco, preto). Embora estes argumentos possam ter seus méritos, prefiro me concentrar numa série de obstáculos estruturais que prejudicam a formação de uma identidade afio-brasileira e, conseqüentemente, a mobilização política em larga escala. Neste ensaio também comparo este ao caso dos afro-americanos, como um exemplo de mobilização política bem sucedida advinda de um contexto estrutural distinto. A pesquisa sobre os movimentos étnicos dentro de uma ampla gama de contextos mostra que um sentido nítido de identidade étnica em comum é o principal pré-requisito para uma organização e mobilização
Comparative Effects of Baicalin and Hesperidin on Hepatotoxicity Induced by Cisplatin in Mice

Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of baicalin and hesperidin on hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin.Methods: Baicalin(300mg/kg)and hesperidin(300mg/kg,were given orally to mice once a day for 7 consecutive days,respectively.From the third day,cisplatin(5mg/kg,intraperitoneally)was injected at 1h after baicalin and hesperidin administration for 5 consecutive days.Liver injuries were evaluated by biochemical and histopathological examinations at 15h after the last dose of cisplatin.Malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)contents in liver tissue were spectrophotometrically measured.Results: baicalin and hesperidin pretreatment significantly inhibited the elevations of serum ALT,and AST levels,alleviated the formation of MDA,restored impaired antioxidant SOD,and suppressed GSH depletion in liver in cisplatin intoxicated mice.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that baicalin and hesperidin had a remarkable protective effect on hepatotoxicity induced by cisplatin,especially baicalin,which was mainly due to its ability to attenuate oxidative stress.
Stenting in the carotid artery: initial experience in 110 patients.

Purpose:To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of intravascular stents in the treatment of extracranial carotid artery occlusive disease.Methods:According to protocol, stent therapy was offered to symptomatic patients with ≥ 70% arteriographically defined carotid stenoses or ulcerative lesions and, after September 1994, to asymptomatic patients with ≥ 75% stenoses. From April 1993 to September 1995, 110 nonconsecutive patients (79 males; mean age 72 years, range 45 to 85) consented to participate in the study. The majority (79 [72%]) were asymptomatic. Lesions meeting the treatment criteria were in the proximal common (n = 3); mid common (n = 12); distal common (n = 8); internal (ICA) (n = 92); and external (n = 2) carotid arteries. Seven patients had bilateral ICA stenoses, and 17 patients were treated for postsurgical recurrent disease. The mean lesion length and diameter stenosis for all lesions were 12.4 ± 9.2 mm and 86.5% ± 10.6%, respectively.The procedures were performed either via direc.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Patterns of Beta-Lactam Resistance among Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates

Escherichia coli species can lead to a wide range of disease states, notably pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), septicemia, and soft tissue infections (Adekunle, 2012). Treatment varies depending on the site of infections and it involves the use of a variety of antibiotics. Beta-lactams (β-lactam), especially third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems may be used as monotherapy or combination therapy with aminoglycosides for treatment of susceptible isolates (Podschun and Ullmann, 1998).
Effects of grazing, nutrients, and depth on the ciguatera-causing dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus in the US Virgin Islands

Ciguatera fish poisoning in humans is a serious and widespread syndrome associated with the consumption of reef fishes that have accumulated lipid-soluble toxins known as cigua toxins. These toxins are piscine metabolites of ciguatoxin precursors produced by benthic dino flagellates in the genus Gambierdiscus. This investigation employed a novel experimental approach to identify and characterize the environmental factors and their interactions that influence the dynamic balance between cellular growth and loss of Gambierdiscus populations in situ. Field studies were conducted in St. Thomas (US Virgin Islands) at 3 sites and 2 depths (10 and 20 m). At each site and depth, Gambierdiscus was subjected to treatments designed to reduce grazing pressure (disturbance and removal) and elevate nutrient availability to elicit a population abundance response attributable to one of these treatments. We hypothesized that Gambierdiscus abundance would respond positively to increased nutrient availability, increasing depth (reduced water motion), and decreased grazing pressures. We found communities of Gambierdiscus were significantly higher by, on average, 138% when the effects of grazing were limited (p = 0.0002). Among sites, the effects of depth and nutrients on Gambierdiscus populations were not significant. The significant effect of grazing and disturbance observed in this study suggests that changes in reef herbivore and detritivore feeding selectivity and grazing rates may have large impacts on the areal density of Gambierdiscus in natural systems. Whether or not reduced grazing rates or disturbances translate into higher cell (toxin) ingestion rates for consumers and ultimately cause changes in toxicity for humans is unknown and in need of further investigation.
The Beta Drift of Baroclinic Vortices. Part II: Diabatic Vortices

Abstract The beta drift of diabatic vortices is investigated with a three-dimensional primitive equation model with simple physical parameterizations. The vertical coupling mechanism discussed in Part I is extended to include the effects of diabatic heating and moist processes. The results show that the motion and evolution of the diabatic vortices can substantially differ from those of adiabatic vortices. The anticyclone at the upper troposphere tends to propagate equatorward and westward due to the Rossby wave dispersion. But the continuous regeneration of an anticyclonic PV anomaly by diabatic heating keeps the upper-level anticyclone in a band stretching from the vortex core to several hundred kilometers equatorward and westward. Downward penetration of the circulation associated with these anticyclonic PV anomalies reduces the westward motion of the diabatic vortices by the vertical coupling mechanism discussed in Part I. This also rotates the lower-level beta-gyres anticyclonically, resulting in a m.
Water-Corn Oil Emulsion Enhances Conidia Germination and Mycoherbicidal Activity of Colletotrichum truncatum

A water-corn oil (unrefined) emulsion has promise as a carrier for application of the mycoherbicide, Colletotrichum truncatum. We investigated this formulation (normal emulsion; oil in water) for influences on conidia germination, appressoria formation, and mycoherbicidal activity of C. truncatum. Germination of conidia after application to hemp sesbania leaves was increased from 30% in water alone to 92% in the water-corn oil emulsion (water:oil, 1:1, by vol). The emulsion did not affect appressoria formation. of the several other oils tested, safflower seed oil enhanced in vitro germination but did not enhance germination and mycoherbicide activity when the conidia-emulsion formulation was applied to hemp sesbania leaves. Application of C. truncatum conidia in the unrefined corn oil emulsion to hemp sesbania seedlings resulted in 89 to 97% control of the weed after a 24 to 72 h dew delay. The emulsion enhanced mycoherbicide efficacy by stimulating conidia germination by protecting the conidia during a dew-free period, hence, increasing weed infection when a dew occurred.
The codon 17 polymorphism of the CTLA4 gene in type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Baghdad population

The aim of this work was to study the polymorphism in CTLA4 gene in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) type I patients in Baghdad population. To achieve this goal, blood samples were collected from 80 IDDM (40 males and 40 females) and 20 samples of healthy, DNA was isolated and the CTLA4 gene (A 152 bp fragment) were amplified by using specific primers for exon1 of this gene, and then found the sequence of this region. The DNA sequencing results of flank sense of CTLA4 gene from healthy patients was found to be compatible (100%) with wild type of Homo sapiens from the Gene Bank, while 99% compatibility were found for the gene from 70 IDDM cases patients with wild type of gene. The difference may be attributed to one transition mutations, A/G at position 49 of the CTLA4 gene (from AGC to AAC). It is a missense mutation that leads to changes in amino acid from serine (S) to asparagine (N). Our results showed that the incidence of A/G mutation at nucleotide position 49 and diabetes was highly significant (X2 = 100, P 0.05). In conclusion, our case study suggests that the +49 A/G SNP of the CTLA4 gene is strongly associated with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus in the Baghdad/Iraqi population. Key words: CTLA4 gene, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, A/G polymorphism.
Phylogenetic study of the section Adonanthe of genus Adonis L. (Ranunculaceae) based on ITS sequences

ABSTRACT: DNA sequences of nrITS regions obtained from 49 accessions representing 12 species and one varietywithin the section Adonanthe of the genus Adonis were analyzed to test the previous intra-sectional classification sys-tem and to determine their phylogenetic relationships. The results showed that the seven accessions of A. amurensisRegel et Radde included in the present study did not form a monophyletic group, as some of the accessions showed aclose relationship with the Japanese endemic species A. ramosa Franch. , which implies that the current species delim-itation and identification of A. amurensis is problematic. Adonis pseudoamurensis W. T. Wang, which is frequentlymisidentified as A. ramosa in Korea, formed a segregated group, which suggests that they should not be considered asconspecific taxa. Accessions from A. shikokuensis Nishikawa et Koji Ito, A. multiflora Nishikawa et Koji Ito, and A.pseudoamurensis formed a clade, but monophyly of each species was not evident. The nrITS data did not support theclassification system proposed by Wang, who classified sect. Adonanthe into four series, as most of these were foundto be either polyphyletic or paraphyletic.
Young children's imitation of sentence subjects: Evidence of processing limitations.

Elicited imitation was used to determine whether young children's inconsistent production of sentence subjects was due to limitations in their knowledge of English or in their ability to access and use that knowledge. Nineteen young children (age range = I year 10 months to 2 years 8 months ; Mean Length of Utterance [MLU] range = 1.28 to 4.93 ) repeated sentences that varied in length, structure, and type of subject. A competence-deficit hypothesis would predict that children below MLU 3 would differentially omit expletive subjects and subjects preceded by a discourse topic more often than children above MLU 3. That hypothesis was disconfirmed. A performance-deficit hypothesis would predict that children below MLU 3 would omit more subjects from long sentences than short ones, and that the high-MLU children would not show a length effect. That hypothesis was confirmed. Processing limitations, rather than a defective grammar, explain very young children's absent subjects.
Mortalidade perinatal em duas coortes de base populacional no Sul do Brasil: tendências e diferenciais

Estudou-se a tendencia temporal da mortalidade infantil atraves de dois estudos de coorte realizados em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, em 1982 e 1993. Ambas coortes incluiram todos os nascimentos hospitalares e obitos verificados atraves de visitas regulares aos hospitais, cartorios e cemiterios. As informacoes sobre a causa de morte foram obtidas atraves de entrevistas com pediatras, revisao do prontuario, necropsias e entrevista com os pais das criancas. O coeficiente de mortalidade infantil caiu de 36,4 por mil nascidos vivos para 21,1 na decada. As principais causas de mortalidade infantil em 1993 foram as perinatais, malformacoes congenitas, diarreia e infeccoes respiratorias. Criancas com baixo peso ao nascer apresentaram mortalidade 12 vezes maior do que criancas com peso adequado, e criancas pre-termo, duas vezes mais do que criancas com retardo de crescimento intra-uterino. Criancas de familias com renda baixa (um salario minimo) apresentaram mortalidade sete vezes superior aquelas com renda alta (10 salarios minimos). A mortalidade de criancas de baixo peso ao nascer e alta renda familiar decresceu em 67%, contra apenas 36% para as de baixa renda. Conclui-se que, mesmo com uma queda expressiva da mortalidade infantil na decada, persistem importantes desigualdades sociais.
Transfer Learning with Sentence Embeddings for Argumentative Evidence Classication

This work describes a simple Transfer Learning methodology aiming at discriminating evidences related to Argumentation Schemes using three diﬀerent pre-trained neural architectures. Although Transfer Learning techniques are increasingly gaining momentum, the number of Transfer Learning works in the ﬁeld of Argumentation Mining is relatively little and, to the best of our knowledge, no attempt has been performed towards the speciﬁc direction of discriminating evidences re-lated to Argumentation Schemes. The research question of this paper is whether Transfer Learning can discriminate Argumentation Schemes’ components, a crucial yet rarely explored task in Argumentation Mining. Results show that, even with small amount of data, classiﬁers trained on sentence embeddings extracted from pre-trained transformers can achieve encouraging scores, outperforming previous results on evidence classiﬁcation.
Biogeography of ferns: dispersal and vicariance

A local fern flora consists of species with a variety of systematic and chorological relationships. Thus the biogeography of a flora is a composite of species-specific biogeographies. However, large-scale environmental changes affect the biogeography of a flora as a whole. The eastern Asian-eastern North American disjunct distribution pattern in some recently revised fern taxa may have arisen by a layering of many climatic and geological events. The fern flora of Seram Island, east Malesia, is most closely related to New Guinea. Together with geological evidence, this suggests that the Seram fern flora originated largely by dispersal from New Guinea. From the systematic relationship of Taenitis, it is assumed that the present distribution pattern of the genus has been primarily caused by westward dispersal with allopatric or parapatric speciation in Malesia. In the cladistic biogeography of Drynarioideae and Pyrrosia both dispersal and vicariance were assumed to have been involved. As molecular approaches have been initiated in the systematics and biogeography of ferns, usefulness of the method is stressed.
Research on the Genetic Diversity and Structure of mtDNA of 6 Indigenous Goat Breeds in China

In this paper,52 individuals were chosen from 6 indigenous goat breeds raised in China.Fifty-two individuals' complete sequences of D-Loop,the control region of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA),were sequenced in order to study mtDNA genetic diversity and phylogenetic evolution of these 6 breeds.The phylogenetic tree of D-Loop was constructed with Neighbour-Joining(NJ) method and the genetic structure among the 6 breeds was studied by cluster analysis based on the genetic distance.The results showed that all of the domestic haplotypes were divided into 4 high obvious divergent clusters(A,B,C and D) and the cluster analysis showed a closer relationship among LNC,NMC,TiG and ZW goats and a farther relationship between LL goat and other goat.