Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nanomaterials and Annelid Immunity: A Comparative Survey to Reveal the Common Stress and Defense Responses of Two Sentinel Species to Nanomaterials in the Environment

Simple Summary Nanotechnology is a dynamically developing field producing large amounts of nanocompounds that are applied in industry, daily life, and health care. During production, use, and waste these materials could end up in water or soil. Large scale contaminations of our environment are a threat to public health. Pollution can have harmful effects on the immune system, as revealed by numerous studies in humans and other vertebrates. The relative simplicity of invertebrate immune functions offers potentially sensitive and accessible means of monitoring the effects and complex interactions of nanoparticles which ultimately affect host resistance. Among terrestrial and freshwater invertebrates, earthworms and leeches are the “keystone” species to evaluate the health of our ecosystems. In this review we compare the conserved stress and immune responses of these invertebrate model organisms toward nanoparticles. The obtained knowledge provides exciting insights into the conserved molecular and cellular mechanisms of nanomaterial-related toxicity in invertebrates and vertebrates. Understanding the unique characteristics of engineered nanoproducts and their interactions with biological systems in our environment is essential to the safe realization of these materials in novel biomedical applications. Abstract Earthworms and leeches are sentinel animals that represent the annelid phylum within terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, respectively. One early stress signal in these organisms is related to innate immunity, but how nanomaterials affect it is poorly characterized. In this survey, we compare the latest literature on earthworm and leeches with examples of their molecular/cellular responses to inorganic (silver nanoparticles) and organic (carbon nanotubes) nanomaterials. A special focus is placed on the role of annelid immunocytes in the evolutionarily conserved antioxidant and immune mechanisms and protein corona formation and probable endocytosis pathways involved in nanomaterial uptake. Our summary helps to realize why these environmental sentinels are beneficial to study the potential detrimental effects of nanomaterials.
AttPNet: Attention-Based Deep Neural Network for 3D Point Set Analysis

Point set is a major type of 3D structure representation format characterized by its data availability and compactness. Most former deep learning-based point set models pay equal attention to different point set regions and channels, thus having limited ability in focusing on small regions and specific channels that are important for characterizing the object of interest. In this paper, we introduce a novel model named Attention-based Point Network (AttPNet). It uses attention mechanism for both global feature masking and channel weighting to focus on characteristic regions and channels. There are two branches in our model. The first branch calculates an attention mask for every point. The second branch uses convolution layers to abstract global features from point sets, where channel attention block is adapted to focus on important channels. Evaluations on the ModelNet40 benchmark dataset show that our model outperforms the existing best model in classification tasks by 0.7% without voting. In addition, experiments on augmented data demonstrate that our model is robust to rotational perturbations and missing points. We also design a Electron Cryo-Tomography (ECT) point cloud dataset and further demonstrate our model’s ability in dealing with fine-grained structures on the ECT dataset.
Candidiasis: Past, present and future

and may to sensitive diagnostic drug and and ABSTRACT Background : Until 19th century most of infectious diseases were attributed to bacterial, viral and parasitic origin. The role of fungus in infection was rarely documented. Aim: In this review, the past, present and future aspect of candidiasis with reference to biology, epidemiology, pathogenicity, laboratory diagnosis and antifungal resistance is discussed. Methods: Published articles were reviewed. Results: Over the last few decades, the scenario of infectious diseases has changed and fungi, which were once studied only as “microbiological curiosities” with less or no pathogenic role have emerged as important cause of opportunistic and health-care associated infections. Among various mycotic infections, candidiasis has greatest effect due to its frequency and severity of complications. Conclusion: As the epidemiology of candidiasis is not constant, the incidence rates, species distribution and even antifungal susceptibility profiles seems to be changing. Increased incidence of candidiasis along with emergence of treatment resistant NAC spp. has become an important healthcare issue worldwide. Therefore, the early and accurate identification of Candida spp along with susceptibility testing is very important for timely institution of appropriate therapy and prevention of emergence of drug spp.
Cholesterol Efflux Efficiency of Reconstituted HDL Is Affected by Nanoparticle Lipid Composition

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of mortality worldwide is primarily caused by atherosclerosis, which is promoted by the accumulation of low-density lipoproteins into the intima of large arteries. Multiple nanoparticles mimicking natural HDL (rHDL) have been designed to remove cholesterol excess in CVD therapy. The goal of this investigation was to assess the cholesterol efflux efficiency of rHDLs with different lipid compositions, mimicking different maturation stages of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) occurring in vivo. Methods: the cholesterol efflux activity of soybean PC (Soy-PC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), DPPC:Chol:1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (LysoPC) and DPPC:18:2 cholesteryl ester (CE):LysoPC rHDLs was determined in several cell models to investigate the contribution of lipid composition to the effectiveness of cholesterol removal. Results: DPPC rHDLs are the most efficient particles, inducing cholesterol efflux in all cellular models and in all conditions the effect was potentiated when the ABCA1 transporter was upregulated. Conclusions: DPPC rHDLs, which resemble nascent HDL, are the most effective particles in inducing cholesterol efflux due to the higher physical binding affinity of cholesterol to the saturated long-chain-length phospholipids and the favored cholesterol transfer from a highly positively curved bilayer, to an accepting planar bilayer such as DPPC rHDLs. The physicochemical characteristics of rHDLs should be taken into consideration to design more efficient nanoparticles to promote cholesterol efflux.
A THEORY OF ANGIOSPERM EVOLUTION

The Cretaceous period, which was transitional from the Mesozoic to the Cenozoic era, is well represented by a succession of fossil floras from both hemispheres. These floras record a change from an Early Cretaceous world dominated by typically Jurassic ferns and gymnosperms, to a Middle Cretaceous landscape in which the angiosperms had become characteristic and world wide in distribution. This transformation of vegetation brings us face to face with a major problem: that of early angiosperm evolution. The problem has several facets, which may be viewed in terms of the following questions: (1) What were their ancestors? (2) What is their antiquity? (3) What was the general nature and area of the environment in which they originated ? (4) Did they actually assume dominance with "bewildering suddenness" during the Cretaceous? Despite renewed interest, attested by the observations and inferences of numerous writers during the past few years (e.g., Arnold, 1947; Bailey, 1948; Camp, 1947; Chaney, 1947; Just, 1947, 1948; Mason, 1947, Stebbins, 1950; Suessenguth, 1950; Thomas, 1947; Whitehouse, 1950), these fundamental questions have not been satisfactorily answered. Additional data have been presented, but to judge from the diversity of conclusions which have appeared, the solution might seem no more certain today than when Darwin (1879, pp. 20-22), in writing to Hooker, referred to the problem of early angiosperm evolution as "an abominable mystery. " Answers might be found more readily if the ancestral group or groups were known within the gymnosperms, or if, within the record of the angiosperm themselves there were fossils which pointed to these groups. But it is now generally conceded that no known type, fossil or living, can fill this key position. Furthermore, there is almost no fossil evidence by which to evaluate the assumptions of phylogeny which have been based on present morphology. The fossil record does not demonstrate whether the primitive flower was generally of a magnolian type, with spiral arrangement of parts and indefiniteness of number, or whether the simple type of the Amentiferae (oak, willow, alder) comes nearer to the proangiosperms.1 There is no fossil evidence as to whether monocotyledons and dicotyledons are monophyletic or polyphyletic, or whether the dicotyledons may be in part polyphyletic. The record has thrown almost no light on diverse theories regarding relations within the wider (order) or the narrower (family, genera) alliances. The fossil record probably never will throw much light, either on the immediate ancestors of angiosperms or their paths of early evolution. The basic types had already evolved by the time angiosperms appear abundantly in the record and, for reasons which will appear, these early types are lost irretrievably. For the present, therefore, we must look primarily to the systematists and morphologists who, by careful, tedious and time-consuming comparisons, no less than by judicious inferences, are now bringing us nearer an understanding of this complex
Sexual selection and the risk of extinction of introduced birds on oceanic islands

We test the hypothesis that response to sexual selection increases the risk of extinction by examining the fate of plumage-monomorphic versus plumage-dimorphic bird species introduced to the tropical islands of Oahu and Tahiti. We assume that plumage dimorphism is a response to sexual selection and we assume that the males of plumage-dimorphic species experience stronger sexual selection pressures than males of monomorphic species. On Oahu, the extinction rate for dimorphic species, 59%, is significantly greater than for monomorphic species, 23%. On Tahiti, only 7% of the introduced dimorphic species have persisted compared to 22% for the introduced monomorphic species. For the combined Oahu and Tahiti data sets, addition of plumage-by-fate interaction significantly improves the fit of the log-linear model, fate+island+plumage+(fate-by-island)+(island-by-plumage). To control for phylogenetic constraint, a logistic regression model is analyzed using a data subset consisting of only the two best represented families, Fringillidae and Passeridae. Here, plumage and the plumage-by-family interaction are significant. Plumage is significantly associated with increased risk of extinction for passerids but insignificantly associated for fringillids. Thus, the hypothesis that response to sexual selection increases the risk of extinction is supported for passerids and for the data set as a whole. The probability of extinction was correlated with the number of species already introduced. Thus, species that have responded to sexual selection may be poorer interspecific competitors when their communities contain many other species.
Three New Reports of Trichoderma in Algeria: T. atrobrunneum, (South) T. longibrachiatum (South), and T. afroharzianum (Northwest)

The genus Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae, Ascomycota) consists of globally distributed fungi. In Algeria, few studies have explored the diversity of this genus, and in the majority of works identification is based on phenotypic characters. Here, nine Trichoderma strains were collected from Algeria in different locations, namely: seven in the south and two in the northwest. Also, we used 17 reference strains that were taken from the NCBI database for the phylogeny analysis. Our study is based on an integrated approach using micro and macro phenotypic characters and multiple DNA analysis (internal transcribed spacer (ITS): ITS1–4 region; translation elongation factor 1: tef1 gene). Our study reports, for the first time, three species of Trichoderma in Algeria, namely: T. atrobrunneum (south), T. longibrachiatum (south), and T. afroharzianum (northwest). It is noteworthy that T. atrobrunneum is a species previously described in European Mediterranean countries, and its presence in the soil of southern Algeria indicates that the diversity of the geographic environments and different climates of Algeria offers the possibility for the survival of diverse Trichoderma species. Knowledge on the diversity of these fungi may contribute to their future exploitation in biotechnological applications and to the biological control of plant diseases.
Critical Impact of Different Conserved Endoplasmic Retention Motifs and Dopamine Receptor Interacting Proteins (DRIPs) on Intracellular Localization and Trafficking of the D2 Dopamine Receptor (D2-R) Isoforms

The type 2 dopamine receptor D2 (D2-R), member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, exists in two isoforms, short (D2S-R) and long (D2L-R). They differ by an additional 29 amino acids (AA) in the third cytoplasmic loop (ICL3) of the D2L-R. These isoforms differ in their intracellular localization and trafficking functionality, as D2L-R possesses a larger intracellular pool, mostly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This review focuses on the evolutionarily conserved motifs in the ICL3 of the D2-R and proteins interacting with the ICL3 of both isoforms, specifically with the 29 AA insert. These motifs might be involved in D2-R exit from the ER and have an impact on cell-surface and intracellular localization and, therefore, also play a role in the function of dopamine receptor signaling, ligand binding and possible homo/heterodimerization. Our recent bioinformatic data on potential new interaction partners for the ICL3 of D2-Rs are also presented. Both are highly relevant, and have clinical impacts on the pathophysiology of several diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, Tourette’s syndrome, Huntington’s disease, manic depression, and others, as they are connected to a variety of essential motifs and differences in communication with interaction partners.
Modulation of phagocytosis‐induced cell death of human neutrophils by Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Optimal innate immune response to infection includes eradication of potential pathogens, resolution of associated inflammation, and restitution of homeostasis. Phagocytosing human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (hPMN) undergo accelerated apoptosis, a process referred to as phagocytosis‐induced cell death (PICD) and an early step in their clearance from inflammatory sites. Among human pathogens that modulate hPMN apoptosis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae delays PICD, which may contribute to the exuberant neutrophilic inflammation that characterizes gonorrhea. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying delayed PICD, we compared features of hPMN cell death that followed phagocytosis of N. gonorrhoeae FA1090 wild‐type (GC) or serum‐opsonized zymosan (OPZ), a prototypical stimulus of PICD. Phosphatidylserine externalization required NADPH oxidase activity after ingestion of GC or OPZ, and annexin V staining and DNA fragmentation were less after phagocytosis of GC compared to OPZ. Caspase 3/7 and caspase 9 activities after phagocytosis of GC were less than that seen after ingestion of OPZ, but caspase 8 activity was the same after ingestion of GC or OPZ. When hPMN sequentially ingested GC followed by OPZ, both caspase 3/7 and 9 activities were less than that seen after OPZ alone, and the inhibition was dose dependent for GC, suggesting that ingestion of GC actively inhibited PICD. Sequential phagocytosis did not block caspase 8 activity, mitochondrial depolarization, or annexin V/propidium iodide staining compared to responses of hPMN fed OPZ alone, despite inhibition of caspases 3/7 and 9. Taken together, these data suggest that active inhibition of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis contributes to the delay in PICD after hPMN ingestion of N. gonorrhoeae.
Person-centered profiles of parasympathetic physiology, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms in mothers and fathers of young children.

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a biomarker of mental health, but RSA-symptom relations in parents of young children are understudied. We examined how anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, resting RSA, and RSA reactivity during challenging parent-child interactions clustered in a community sample of mothers (N = 126) and fathers (N = 87) of 3-year-olds and whether profiles predicted child emotional and behavioral dysregulation at age 4. Mothers fit four profiles (Typical, Mild Risk, Moderate Risk/Withdrawal, and Moderate Risk/Augmentation), suggesting that RSA reactivity was distinct by predominant symptom type at higher levels of risk: specifically, heightened RSA withdrawal was associated with a higher probability of anxiety symptoms and RSA augmentation was associated with a higher probability of depressive symptoms. Fathers fit three profiles (Typical, Mild Risk, and Moderate Risk) where Moderate Risk was characterized by RSA augmentation and a higher probability of both anxiety and depressive symptoms. Mild risk profiles showed heightened resting RSA for mothers and fathers but no differences in RSA reactivity. Both mild and moderate risk profiles predicted higher child dysregulation 1 year later compared to typical profiles. Findings offer preliminary evidence that parasympathetic physiology covaries with symptoms differently for mothers and fathers and that parental profiles of physiology and symptoms inform children's developmental psychopathology.
To stay or not to stay: The stability of choice perseveration in value-based decision making

In real life, decisions are often naturally embedded in decision sequences. In contrast, in the laboratory, decisions are oftentimes analysed in isolation. Here, we investigated the influence of decision sequences in value-based decision making and whether the stability of such effects can be modulated. In our decision task, participants needed to collect rewards in a virtual two-dimensional world. We presented a series of two reward options that were either quick to collect but were smaller in value or took longer to collect but were larger in value. The subjective value of each option was driven by the options’ value and how quickly they could be reached. We manipulated the subjective values of the options so that one option became gradually less valuable over the course of a sequence, which allowed us to measure choice perseveration (i.e., how long participants stick to this option). In two experiments, we further manipulated the time interval between two trials (inter-trial interval), and the time delay between the onsets of both reward options (stimulus onset asynchrony). We predicted how these manipulations would affect choice perseveration using a computational attractor model. Our results indicate that both the inter-trial interval and the stimulus onset asynchrony modulate choice perseveration as predicted by the model. We discuss how our findings extend to research on cognitive stability and flexibility.
In Vitro Study of Comparative Evaluation of Marginal and Internal Fit between Heat-Pressed and CAD-CAM Monolithic Glass-Ceramic Restorations after Thermal Aging

The accuracy of newly developed ceramic materials is still being studied. Marginal and internal adaptation are known factors that have an essential impact on the long term success of dental restorations. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of heat-pressed and milled monolithic glass-ceramic restorations based on their ceramic type, processing technique, and in vitro thermocycling. Thirty-two crowns were studied and divided into four groups (n = 8), according to the ceramic material (feldspathic glass-ceramic (F) and zirconia reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic (ZLS)) and to their technological obtaining processes (milling (M) and heat-pressing (P)). A typodont preparation was scanned with a D2000 3D scanner to obtain identical 32 resin 3D-printed abutment teeth. Marginal and internal gaps were measured using the silicone replica technique under 40× magnification. The crowns were further cemented and thermally aged for 10,000 cycles After cementation and thermocycling of the samples, marginal and internal gaps were assessed using micro-CT (micro-computed tomography)) analysis. Data were statistically analyzed using statistical tests. Significant differences were found before and after cementation and thermocycling among the tested materials (p < 0.05). Related to technological processing, significant differences were seen in the marginal area between FP and FM (p < 0.05) Significant differences were also found in the axial and occlusal areas between the ZLSP and ZLSM. Thermocycling and cementation did not have a significant effect on the tested materials (p < 0.05). The technological processes influenced the marginal and internal fit of the crowns in favor of the CAD/CAM (computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing)technologies. Thermal aging had little effect on marginal adaptability; it increased the values for all the tested samples in a small way, but the values remained in their clinically acceptable range for all of the crowns.