Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of microwave heating on native and resistant starches

Resistant starches (RSs) are broadly investigated as appropriate additives in starch-based products due to their well-known and proved health benefits. However, it was shown in previous studies that these starches are sensitive of the different heat treatments used in the food processing, which can cause changes, especially in the resistance. There is an increasing trend to use microwave (MW) energy in food processing; therefore, our aim was to investigate the changes of RSs compared to native starches caused by MW heating. Maize, wheat, RS2 and RS4 starches were MW-treated according to a 2×2 experimental design (300 and 600 W of power, 30 and 150 s of time). The changes of in vitro digestibility, rheological properties (rapid visco analyser, RVA) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic characteristic were studied. Two spectrophotometers were applied (dispersive and Fourier-transform (FT)) to compare their sensitivity in the analysis of the MW-treated starches.Results showed that the digestibility of starch.
HÉCTOR J. PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF FIRMNESS IN SOURSOP FRUITS (Annona muricata L. cv. Elita) DURING POSTHARVEST

Soursop fruits (Annona muricata L. cv. Elita) at different ripening stages were evaluated for their physicochemical characteristics: total soluble solids (TSSs), acidity, and pH. Firmness was determined through the application of puncture textural tests. The modeling and simulation of this parameter was carried out on Autodesk Inventor Professional 11.0 (ANSYS® Technology). The fruits showed an upward trend regarding TSS and acidity, reaching maximum values of 12.8 °Brix, 0.74% acidity, and a pH below 3.43; all of which coincide with consumption maturity as observed on day 6. Firmness showed a decreasing trend throughout the entire postharvest period, with values of 79.43 N for day 0, and 3.62 N for day 9. Finite element modeling, the simulation of firmness, and its correlation with experimental data allowed for us to calculate the fracture force of the fruits with an exactness of more than 90%. Since it prevents the physical alteration of the product, this application becomes a nondestructive alternative for firmness assessment, useful in storage, transport, fresh consumption, packaging, and processing.
Process in PE free-volume preceding electrical tree initiation

Process in polymer free volume is very important in initiation phase of electrical tree under ac stress. Electrons injected from electrode are accelerated in free volume and bombard free volume wall to produce free radical and break polymer chain. Kind of gas in free volume has a large effect on ac tree initiation. Untreated (air) specimens shows low ac tree initiation voltage. We already reported autoxidation process between polymer free radical and O/sub 2/ decreases ac tree initiation voltage. Degassed specimens and N/sub 2/ specimens show much higher value, because of absence of O/sub 2/. However, tree initiation voltages of He specimens and Ar specimens are as low as untreated specimens though absence of O/sub 2/. We consider this is attributed to Penning process where metastable He or Ar atoms are produced by collision with hot electrons and then they collide with free volume wall to break polymer chain with high efficiency.
Extraction of Strontium from HLLW using N,N,N′,N′‐Tetraisobutyl 3‐Oxa‐Glutaramide

Abstract The properties of N,N,N′,N′‐tetra‐isobutyl‐3‐oxa‐glutaramide (TiBOGA) to extract Sr2+ were investigated. The effect of diluents on the extraction of Sr2+ was studied using kerosene, 1‐octanol, toluene, and chloroform. Considering the formation of the third phase, and increase of D Sr, the distribution ratio of Sr2+, the mixture of 40/60 (V/V)% 1‐octanol/kerosene (KO) was chosen as the diluent in experiments. The dependence of D Sr on the concentration of TiBOGA in the organic phase and on the activity of NO3 − in the aqueous phase suggested the extracted complex to be Sr(TiBOGA)3(NO3)2 in the organic phase. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated from the dependence of the extraction constant (K) on temperature. The calculated values of K, ΔG 0, ΔH 0, and ΔS 0 are 1.04×103, −17.1 kJ mol−1, −48.9 kJ mol−1, and −107 J mol−1 K−1, respectively. Separation of Sr2+ from a simulated acidic high level liquid waste (HLLW) was carried out using 0.2 mol/L TiBOGA in 40/60% 1‐octanol/KO as organic phase. The results indicate that TiBOGA has good selectivity for Sr2+ over other metal ions in the simulated acidic HLLW. The separation factor (SF) for Sr2+ over other metal ions are >4×103 except with Ba2+ which is 129.
Aprotinin versus placebo in major orthopedic surgery: a randomized, double-blinded, dose-ranging study.

UNLABELLED We conducted a prospective, multicenter, double-blinded, dose-ranging study to compare the risk/benefit ratio of large- and small-dose aprotinin with placebo after major orthopedic surgery. Fifty-eight patients were randomized into three groups: Large-Dose Aprotinin (4 M kallikrein inactivator unit [KIU] bolus before surgery followed by a continuous infusion of 1 M KIU/h until the end of surgery), Small-Dose Aprotinin (2 M KIU bolus plus 0.5 M KIU/h), and Placebo. Bleeding was measured and calculated. Bilateral ascending venography was systematically performed on the third postoperative day. Measured and calculated blood loss decreased in the Large-Dose Aprotinin group (calculated bleeding, whole blood, hematocrit 30%, median [range], 2,023 mL [633-4,113] as compared with placebo, 3,577 mL [1,670-21,758 mL]). The total number of homologous and autologous units was also significantly decreased in the Large-Dose Aprotinin group (2 U [0-5 U] as compared with placebo, 4 U [0-42 U]). No increase in deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism was observed in the aprotinin groups. Large-dose aprotinin was safe and effective in dramatically reducing the measured and calculated bleeding and the amount of transfused red blood cell units after major orthopedic surgery. IMPLICATIONS Large doses of aprotinin decrease blood loss and transfusion amount in major orthopedic surgery.
Influence of Polar Modifiers on Microstructure of Polybutadiene Obtained by Anionic Polymerization. Part 1: Lewis Base (σ) Amine-Type Polar Modifiers

In order to understand the influence of various types of polar modifiers on the microstructure of polybutadiene obtained by anionic polymerization, four types of polar modifiers were selected for detailed studies: Lewis bases (σ complex), Lewis acids (μ complex), a mixture of Lewis bases and Lewis acids (σ + μ complex), and acid-base polar modifiers (σ-μ complex) where one molecule combined acid and base character. The influence of five different tertiary amines (Lewis base polar modifiers) was studied. Analysis of FT-IR-ATR, 1H, and 13C NMR data for polybutadienes obtained in the presence of these complexing agents showed that all tested tertiary amines enhanced 1,2 addition of 1,3-butadiene and preferred trans-1,4 addition.
Micro-Raman spectroscopy to study local mechanical stress in silicon integrated circuits

Local mechanical stress is currently an important topic of concern in microelectronics processing. A technique that has become increasingly popular for local mechanical stress measurements is micro-Raman spectroscopy. In this paper, the theoretical background of Raman spectroscopy, with special attention to its sensitivity for mechanical stress, is discussed, and practical information is given for the application of this technique to stress measurements in silicon integrated circuits. An overview is given of some important applications of the technique, illustrated with examples from the literature: the first studies of the influence of external stress on the Si Raman modes are reviewed; the application of this technique to measure stress in silicon-on-insulator films is discussed; results of measurements of local stress in isolation structures and trenches are reviewed; and the use of micro-Raman spectroscopy to obtain more information on stress in metals, by measuring the stress in the surrounding Si substrate is explained.
The Incorporation of Hydroxyl Groups and Molecular Water in Natural Zircon (ZrSiO4)

The nature of "water" incorporated in natural zircon has been studied by polarized infrared absorption spectroscopy combined with heating and deuteration experiments and Raman, thermogravimetric, chemical, and X-ray analyses, and previously published results have been re-evaluated. Hydroxyl groups are probably the only hydrous species primarily incorporated in zircon during crystal growth, with a saturation level in the 10 2 ppm range or even below. We present three crystallographic models for probable locations of such "simple" (OH) - groups in crystalline zircon, most probably associated with Si-vacant tetrahedrons (O-H // c) or occupied SiO 4 tetrahedrons without or with a closely neighbored zirconium vacancy (O-H ⊥ c). The majority of "water" present in natural zircons, reaching from some tenth (this work) up to > 10 wt percent (literature), seems to be secondary in nature and includes both hydroxyl groups and water molecules. The incorporation of such secondary water is an indirect result of metamictization. However, hydrogen incorporation is not necessary for the transformation of crystalline into radiation-damaged structures. Hydrogen incorporation is rather an accompanying effect of the metamictization process, favored by the enhanced presence of structural defects and local charge imbalance in metamict zircon. Critical discussion of the entire data set available seems to raise more problems than it solves. Results of the different analytical techniques reveal apparent contradictions. The use of infrared absorption, normally very sensitive for detecting hydrogen in nominally anhydrous minerals, is widely limited in the case of natural zircons. Detailed interpretation about hydrogen locations in metamict zircons fails at the present stage because of insufficient knowledge about such structures.
The essential oil composition of Centaurea intricata Boiss. flowering aerial parts

The composition of the essential oil of Centaurea intricata Boiss. flowering aerial parts from Iran was analyzed for the first time using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Thirty four constituents consisting 90.1% of the total oil were identified. The major ingredients were β-Caryophyllene (18.1%), Germacrene D (14.9%) and Caryophyllene oxide (11.8%). The volatile oil of Centaurea intricata Boiss. flowering aerial parts was characterized by the high content of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (49.6%).
CIS(CIGS) thin films prepared for solar cells by one-step electrodeposition in alcohol solution

The precursors of CIS and CIGS thin films were prepared by one-step electrodeposition in alcohol solution and then annealed in Ar atmosphere at 550°C for 30min. The influences of deposition potentials and salt concentrations on the morphology and composition of the thin films were studied in details. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS). The results show that annealed films have pure CIS or CIGS phases with good crystallization and the morphology of the films are very uniform and dense. The high quality precursor films were obtained using optimized deposition parameters. Moreover the electrodeposition mechanism of CIS thin films was briefly discussed.
Structure of Aqueous Gels Formed by Triblock and Diblock Copolymers with Oxyethylene and Oxyphenylethylene Blocks

Abstract The structures of aqueous gels formed by a number of triblock and diblock copolymers with oxyethylene and oxyphenylethylene blocks have been investigated by small-angle x‐ray scattering (SAXS), including shear‐oriented samples. Body‐centered and face‐centered cubic structures have been identified. The gel structures are compared with those reported in the literature for similar block copolymers. The micellar radius in the gel is compared with that in dilute solution obtained from previous light scattering experiments.
Influence of carbon towards improved lithium storage properties of Li2MnSiO4 cathodes

Superior lithium storage in Li2MnSiO4 cathodes was observed by altering carbon content during the formulation of electrodes. Initially, Li2MnSiO4 was prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction at 900 °C under Ar flow with a fixed amount of adipic acid, which acts as a gelating agent during synthesis. The phase formation was confirmed through powder X-ray diffraction measurements. Scanning electron microscope pictures indicate the particulate morphology of synthesized Li2MnSiO4 particles. Various compositions of electrodes were formulated using the conducting carbon (ketjen black) from 3 to 11 mg along with active material. All the fabricated electrodes were cycled in a Li/Li2MnSiO4 cell configuration to evaluate its lithium storage performance at 0.05 C rate. Among the electrodes, 42% carbon in the composite electrode exhibited a very stable discharge behaviour ∼140 mA h g−1 for 40 cycles at room temperature. Such storage performance was ascribed to the improved electronic conductivity of Li2MnSiO4 electrodes by incorporating carbon. This improvement was supported by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Rate performance studies were also conducted and presented in the manuscript.
Natural convection heat transfer between arrays of horizontal cylinders and their enclosure

The natural convection heat transfer between arrays of horizontal, heated cylinders and their isothermal, cooled enclosure was experimentally investigated. Four different cylinder arrays were used: two in-line and two staggered. Four fluids (air, water, 20 cs silicone, and 96% glycerine) were used with Prandtl numbers ranging from 0.705 to 13090.0. There was no significant change in the Nusselt number between isothermal and constant heat flux conditions of the cylinder arrays. The average heat transfer coefficient was most affected by the spacing between cylinders and the total surface area of the cylinder arrays. The enclosure reduced the expected increase in both the average and the local heat transfer coefficients caused by changing the inner body from an in-line arrangement to a staggered arrangement of comparable spacing. An increase in fluid viscosity reduced the influence of the geometric effects.
Poly(ester imide)s Possessing Low Coef-cient of Thermal Expansion and Low Water Absorption

The film properties of polyimides (PIs) containing para-ester linkages in the main chains, poly(ester imide)s (PEsI) are reported in this paper. An ester-containing dianhydride monomer (TAHQ) was synthesized from hydroquinone and trimellitic anhydride chloride. PEsIs derived from TAHQ and various diamines with stiff/linear structures, p-phenylenediamine (PDA), trans-1,4-cyclohexanediamine (CHDA), 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMB), 4-aminophenyl-4′-aminophenylbenzoate (APAB), and 4,4′-daminobenzanilide (DABA), exhibited extremely low linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values, for example, CTE = 3.2 ppm K-1 for TAHQ/PDA and 3.3 ppm K-1 for TAHQ/APAB. The results revealed that the para-ester linkages behave as a rod-like segment favorable for thermal imidization-induced in-plane orientation. Copolymerization with flexible 4,4′-oxydianiline made precise CTE matching possible between PEsI/copper substrate and the significant improvement of film toughness at the same time. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements showed that some of the PEsIs examined are semi-crystalline. The present work proposes novel high temperature insulation materials suitable for the substrates for flexible printed circuit, possessing not only a copper-level low CTE but also high film toughness, high dimensional stability, and low water absorption. PEsIs were compared with the corresponding amide-containing PIs. Highly transparent PEsIs are also reported.
Residues of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Fishes: A GLC Analysis

Residues of four chlorinated hydrocarbons, viz. Aldrin, BHC, DDT and Endosulfan, were estimated in twenty fresh water edible fishes using a gas chromatographic technique. The residue accumulation showed a definite relation with the feeding habits of fishes. Omnivorous fishes were found highly contaminated, followed by carnivorous and herbivorous species. Heteropneustes fossilis was the highly contaminated fish with residue concentrations of Aldrin (0.051 ppm), BHC (0.814 ppm), DDT (1.962 ppm) and Endosulfan (0.312 ppm).
Crystallographic and optical properties of (Cu, Ag)2ZnSnS4 and (Cu, Ag)2ZnSnSe4 solid solutions

(Cu1-xAgx)2ZnSnS4 (CAZTS) and (Cu1-xAgx)2ZnSnSe4 (CAZTSe) solid solutions with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 were synthesized. Their crystal structures were analyzed by Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data. The refined lattice constants a of the kesterite-type CAZTS and CAZTSe increase with Ag content (x) increasing, while their lattice constants c slightly decrease. Therefore, by increasing x, the c /a ratio decreases from 2 for Cu-based compounds to a value lower than 1.9 for Ag-based compounds. The band-gap energies (Eg) of CAZTS and CAZTSe solid solutions were determined by their diffuse reflectance spectra. The reflectance edges of the CAZTS and CAZTSe shifted to the longer wavelength side with Ag content increasing at 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2, while they shifted to the shorter wavelength side at 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 1.0. By increasing x, the Eg of CAZTS decreases from 1.49 eV (x=0.0) to 1.47 (x=0.2) and then increases to 2.01 eV (x=1.0); and the Eg of CAZTSe decreases from 0.98 eV (x=0.0) to 0.95 (x=0.2) and then increases to 1.34 eV (x=1.0). There is small bowing in the band gaps of the CAZTS and CAZTSe systems. (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Distribuição de massa molecular de ácidos húmicos e promoção do crescimento radicular

Humic acids (HA) directly stimulate several physiological processes that promote plant growth, particularly of the root system. Knowledge about the chemical nature and the role of HA in the effects observed under biofertilization and biostimulation is essential to develop HA-based biological resources. The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible relationship between the distribution of the apparent molecular weight of HA isolated from vermicompost and the response in root growth promotion. HA sub-fractions were obtained through preparative chromatography by size exclusion using Sephadex gel G-50 gel (CGE). The preparative process was validated by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). The five sub-fractions were tested at different concentrations (0; 0.0001; 0.001; 0.003; 0.005; and 0.001 mol L-1 C) for their capacity to stimulate root growth of Arabidopisis thaliana (ecotype col 4) seedlings. For maize seedlings (Zea mays hybrid UENF 506-6) a rate of 0.002 mol L-1 C was used. The quadratic model described the relationship between root growth induction and HA dose in Arabidopsis; 0.00511 mol L-1 C was the average inflection point. At the optimum concentration, a significant negative correlation between molecular weight distribution and the number of lateral roots induced in A. thaliana was observed. However, other root traits, e.g., area and length, were not influenced by the apparent molecular weight of fractions. An increase in the number of mitotic and lateral root emission was observed for maize seedlings, both for the treatment with HA as well as with the sub-fractions. The H+-ATPase activity of plasma membrane was significantly affected by HA, although differently in the sub-fractions. The stimulating activity of root growth seems to be more related to the chemical structure of humic substances than to the distribution of molecular weight of the humic aggregates.
The meanings of colour: preferences among hues

Colour preferences have both scientific significance and relevance to manufacturers. Despite claims that these preferences are unsystematic and that saturation and brightness exert more influence on judgements than hue, a substantial body of research suggests that the rank order of preference for hues ‐ blue, red, green, violet, orange, yellow ‐ emerges with some degree of consistency and, in particular, blue is regularly preferred to other hues. Five explanations of this trend are considered: preferences are simply conventional; blue is more neutral and less susceptible to extremes of judgement than other hues; preference for blue is a by‐product of more general principles; blue has largely positive associations; blue has an evolutionary significance. It is proposed that further investigation of the connotations of hues will provide insight into the pattern of colour preferences.
A MOF/graphite oxide hybrid (MOF: HKUST-1) material for the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution

The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution on a HKUST-1/GO (MOFs : HKUST-1) composite was studied in view of the adsorption isotherm, kinetics and regeneration of the sorbent. The adsorption isotherms of methylene blue (MB) on the HKUST-1/GO composite followed both the Freundlich isotherm and the Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic parameters were determined from the experimental data. The used HKUST-1/GO could be regenerated by acetone, so it can be recycled for reuse. The high adsorption capacity and excellent reusability make HKUST-1/GO attractive for the removal of MB from aqueous solution.
Boundary Effects and Collisional Activation in a Quadrupole Ion Trap

The effects of storing ions at different values of the stability parameters a(z) and q(z) were studied in a quadrupole ion trap, using helium or argon as buffer. A region was localized near the boundaries of the stability diagram in which the ions experience an increase in their kinetic energy. This is reflected in the occurrence both of fragmentation due to collisional activation and of a certain extent of ion loss due to unstable trajectories. The results of this excitation, referred to as 'boundary effects,' depend on the specific q(z) at which the ion storage is performed and on the buffer gas used, and point to a simpler means of obtaining tandem mass spectra with the ion trap without the need to apply resonant tickle voltages between the end-cap electrodes.
Accumulation of Pb and Cd and its Effect on Ca Distribution in Maize Seedlings (Zea Mays L.)

In the present study the accumulation of Pb and Cd in maize seedlings (Zea mays L., cv. K33 x F2) and its effect on the content of Ca in their organs were investigated. The influence of both metals on dry weight yield was also studied. Concentrations of Pb, Cd and Ca were measured in 15 mm-long apical root segments as well as in whole mesocotyls and coleoptiles after 24 h of incubation of seedlings in hydroponic solutions. It was observed that in Pb- or Cd-treated maize seedlings the dry weight of root apical segments was markedly increased, whereas in the shoots it was less affected. It was also found that the content of both metals in maize seedling organs rose with increasing concentrations of Pb or Cd in the hydroponic solutions. The highest concentrations of both metals were observed in roots, in which the accumulation of Pb was 10-fold higher than that of Cd. By contrast, higher accumulation of Cd than Pb was found in mesocotyl and coleoptile. These data suggest that the mechanisms of Pb and Cd translocation from roots to shoots are different and that the accumulation of Ca in roots and its translocation to shoots was less affected by Pb than Cd.