Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estudo de definição alternativa da probabilidade de permanência no rebanho para a raça Nelore

Uma definicao alternativa de permanencia no rebanho foi estudada em comparacao a definicao usual. Na definicao usual, foram consideradas vacas com pelo menos tres partos ate os 76 meses de idade como valor 1 e vacas com menos de 3 partos com valor zero. A definicao alternativa considerou os valores 0, 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente, para vacas com menos de tres, com tres, quatro ou cinco partos ate os 76 meses de idade. Foram obtidas estimativas de herdabilidade e preditas as DEPs (Diferencas Esperadas na Progenie) para probabilidade de permanencia no rebanho de 4.180 touros com filhas na base de dados do Programa de Melhoramento Genetico da Raca Nelore (PMGRN-USP). Utilizaram-se o modelo linear unicarater de touro avo-materno e a analise Bayesiana, por meio do software MTGSAM_threshold (Multiple-Trait Gibbs Sampler for Animal Models). Considerou-se tamanho de cadeia de Gibbs de 225 mil, periodo de descarte amostral de 25 mil e tomada de amostra a cada 1.000 rodadas. A correlacao entre classificacoes foi calculada por meio do SAS. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram de menor magnitude para a caracteristica padrao (0,07 vs 0,08). A correlacao de posto foi de 87,5%, ou seja, houve consideravel alteracao na classificacao dos touros avaliados. Dados os valores das estimativas de variância de touro, de herdabilidade e de variacoes nas DEPs preditas, concluiu-se que a caracteristica alternativa de permanencia no rebanho possui maior capacidade de deteccao da variabilidade genetica que a caracteristica padrao, sob modelo linear.
The relationship between chlamydia infection and infertility at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria

Context: Infertility affects 10–15% of couples worldwide and tubal factor is a major component in sub-Saharan Africa. Pelvic inflammatory disease due to chlamydia infection is a known risk factor for tubal infertility. Objective: This case-control study was carried out to determine the relationship between chlamydial infection and infertility as seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a case-controlled study of 180 participants recruited from the Gynaecology Outpatient and Family Planning Clinics of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria (LUTH). The cases were 60 females diagnosed to have tubal infertility and 60 other infertile females with patent tubes. The control group comprised of 60 females attending the family planning clinic. The females were tested for serum chlamydia IgG antibody using a kit that detects serovar specific Chlamydia trachomatis antibody. Endocervical swab samples were also tested for chlamydial antigen using a kit that detects C. trachomatis genus specific lipopolysaccharide antigen. The results were collated and analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 18. Results: All the females tested negative for chlamydia antigen. The odd ratio for having a case testing positive for chlamydial antibody compared to control was 4.0 [95% CI = 1.47–10.88]. The odd ratio for infertile females with blocked tubes compared with those who had patent tubes testing positive for chlamydia antibody was 3.52 (95% CI: 1.46–8.49). Conclusion: This study suggests an etiological relationship between chlamydial infection and infertility in general and tubal infertility in particular.
Exploring Patterns of Court-Ordered Mental Health Services for Juvenile Offenders

Objective assessments of the risks and needs of court-involved youth may lead to judicial processing that is less vulnerable to actual or perceived racial discrimination. Using data from a statewide assessment system on African American and Caucasian status offenders and delinquents formally processed in one Missouri circuit over a 1-year period, the authors examined the association of race and other factors on court orders for mental health—related services. Relative to their population distribution, African Americans were overrepresented in the juvenile system and underrepresented in orders for mental health services. In the logit analysis, negative attitudes and behavior problems carried strong associations with orders for mental health services. Risk and need, not bias, were mostly strongly associated with orders for mental health treatment.
Paramphistomosis of reindeer in Finland

A large number of trematodes of the family Paramphistomidae have been described f r o m domestic and w i l d animals, but the informat ion about the taxonomy and morphology of these flukes f r o m reindeer is sparse. In the literature available Winogradowa (1932) mentioned that at autopsy of one reindeer i n M a r c h and another i n A p r i l flukes (Paramphistomum cervi) were found o n the inner w a l l of the rumen. N i kolaevski (1953), M i s k e v i c h (1967), Sey (1980) and Dieter ich (1981) have also described P. cervi as a parasite of the reindeer. B e y o n d these taxonomic notes, there is no informat ion available about the patho-morphological changes caused by the rumen-flukes in reindeer.
A Resource-Based View of Corporate Responsiveness Toward Employees

This paper demonstrates the strategic importance of developing a capability to manage human resources based on a set of social responsibility principles (normative and structural) with the aim of responding to the interests of the employees. Such corporate social responsiveness will encourage employees’ collaboration and could distinguish the company from other organizations. We have tried empirically to test the existence of a significant and positive relationship between organizational results and the institutionalization of a social responsiveness toward employees. To this end, we carried out a study in the Spanish savings bank sector to analyse the strategic value of corporate responsiveness toward employees from the resource-based view. Our results seem to show that those savings banks that have institutionalized high-commitment practices toward employees have greater profitability.
Ultrastructural analysis of selected Cretaceous megaspores from Argentina

Detailed ultrastructural analysis of an assemblage of Lower Cretaceous megaspores from the Baqueró Formation of Argentina allows a complete description of two new taxa as well as additional information on the structure of several previously described types. Erlansonisporites sparassis displays a complex wall stratification, a separable surface reticulum, and attached microspores. Horstisporites iridodea sp. nov. possesses an elaborately patterned wall like that seen in several extant species of the modern lycopod genus Selaginella. On the basis of developmental information from modern heterosporous lycopod megaspores, the mesospore bearing Bacutriletes triangulatus sp. nov. is recognised as an aborted product of a meiotic tetrad. Also reported from this locality are Hughesisporites patagonicus, Bacutriletes sp. A, and an additional loosely defined megaspore type with characteristic clavae. Transmission electron microscopy provides the opportunity to infer previously unattainable biological information from dispersed spores. Such studies provide new insights as a foundation for the further elucidation of the developmental and evolutionary significance of wall construction in heterosporous pteridophytes.
EVALUATION OF FOXTAIL MILLET VARIETIES UNDER LOW FERTILITY CONDITIONS

A field experiment was conducted for two years during kharif 2001–02 and 2002–03 to find out the performance of foxtail millet varieties under low fertility conditions. Application of 25% RDF + 25% Rec. FYM + Bio-fertilizers (F6) followed by 50% RDF + Bio-fertilizers (F4) were found significantly more effective in increasing the grain and straw yield and ultimately in gross and net returns. Among the cultivars maximum grain and straw yield with higher net returns were recorded with SiA 2803 (V3) followed by SiA 2679 (V2) which were found significantly superior to SiA 326 and PS 4.
Haploinsufficiency and reduced expression of genes localized to the 8p chromosomal region in human prostate tumors

Cytogenetic and molecular studies have suggested that deletion or rearrangement of sequences that map to the short arm of chromosome 8 may be permissive for tumorigenesis in several organ systems, and in human prostate tumors in particular. In this study, we hypothesized that genes deleted for one copy and localized to the 8p chromosomal region may be transcriptionally down‐regulated or ablated in affected human prostate tumor tissues. To test this hypothesis, we used cDNA microarray analysis to determine the transcriptional profiles for 259 transcribed sequences mapping to the 8p chromosomal region for seven human prostate tumor xenografts, completely characterized for numerical and structural alterations on chromosome 8, and five normal human prostate tissues. These experiments identified 33 genes differentially expressed between normal and malignant prostate tissues, the majority of which (28/33, 85%) were transcriptionally down‐regulated in malignant compared to normal human prostate tissues. These findings, that haploinsufficiency and transcriptional down‐regulation for genes mapping to 8p are largely coincident in human prostate tumors, should provide a powerful tool for the identification of tumor‐suppressor genes associated with human prostate cancer initiation and progression. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of planting dates and maize hybrids on the infestation with sorghum shootfly, Atherigona soccata Rondani and its effect on the yield

Abstract Twenty maize hybrids plus local were tested for their susceptibility to major pests of sorghum shootfly, Atherigona soccata Rondani under field conditions at Sohag governorate during three planting dates (20th April, 20th May and 5th July) sown during two tested years (2004 and 2005 seasons). The investigation showed that when the sowing dates were considered irrespective of the different years or the maize hybrids it was evident that during the first planting date (20th April), the maize hybrids harboured the highest levels of infestation with sorghum shootfly, Atherigona soccata Rondani. The second planting date (20th May) was the least affected while the third planting date (5th July) received moderate levels of infestation. Results also showed that the average infestation of Atherigona soccata during both seasons was a significantly negative correlation affected by the sowing dates and maize hybrids. The yield of maize hybrids negatively correlated with percentage of infestation by Atherigona soccata. The highest yield obtained from the maize hybrids was slightly infested by Atherigona soccata and sown during the planting date of 20th May. Therefore, the second sowing date (20th May) may be recommended as a proper cultivating date for maize hybrids as it brought about reduction not only in infestation but was also a good method to reduce chemical control. Our results indicated that none of the maize hybrids evaluated were found to be resistant to Atherigona soccata attack but maize hybrids were significantly different in their susceptibility and less than of a local control to the infestation with Atherigona soccata and divided into four groups, the first one was highly susceptible including Giza Baladi; the second group was susceptible including ten maize hybrids namely, Hf 155, Bionear 3062, Bionear 30k8, Nagah 18, Watania 4, HC 326, HC 327, Nafratity, Watania 1 and Bionear; the third group was low resistance including six maize hybrids namely, Hf 122, Hf 123, Hf 129, Hc314, Hc 325 and Hc 352; while the fourth group included Hf 10, Hf 124, Hc 311and Hc 324 and moderately resisted the Atherigona soccata infestation. These may serve as a good material for growing in the areas where the pest is a problem.
Plantas medicinais: fatores de influência no conteúdo de metabólitos secundários

Since secondary metabolites represent a chemical interface between plants and surrounding environment, their syntheses are frequently affected by environmental conditions. Thus, variations in the total content and/or of the relative proportions of secondary metabolites in plants can take place. We review the main environmental factors that can streamline or alter the production or concentration of secondary metabolites in plants. How seasonality, circadian rhythm, developmental stage and age, temperature, water availability, UV radiation, soil nutrients, altitude, atmospheric composition and tissue damage influence secondary metabolism are discussed.
Miniaturizing the Fermentation Assay: Effects of Fermentor Size and Fermentation Kinetics on Detection of Premature Yeast Flocculation1

This article reports on fermentation assays used to test the fermentability of malt, especially malt implicated in premature yeast flocculation (PYF). No standard small-scale method currently exists. The current study involved 12°C fermentations with three vessel configurations: a 4.4-cm high spectrophotometer cuvette, a 12.5-cm high test tube, and a 122-cm high “tall” tube fermentor. Worts tested were made from control and PYF malts. We included in our experiments the method of Jibiki and associates, using wort supplemented with 4% glucose and fermented at 21°C. The decline in Plato values (or real extract) was fit with a sigmoidal model. The model parameters and fermentor height were used to estimate CO2 evolution and average shear rates. It was confirmed that both fermentor height and fermentation speed are the major independent variables determining CO2 evolution and agitation within the fermenting wort. In examining the fermentation data, it is evident that the yeast did not stay equally suspended in all three fermentation vessels. When fermented at 12°C, yeast fell out of suspension rapidly in both the cuvette and test tube fermentors. In the tall tubes, the yeast remained in suspension as expected. The 21°C test tube fermentations supplemented with glucose had fermentation profiles similar to the tall tube fermentations but were complete in less than 72 hr. It is notable that these profiles could be used to distinguish between PYF and control malts. The minimum average shear rate required to keep yeast suspended was determined to be between 4 and 7.5 sec−1. Thus, when downscaling a fermentation assay by reducing the fermentor height, the rate of fermentation must be increased to maintain adequate shear rates. We confirmed that the PYF fermentation assay could be reduced to 15 mL, resulting in reduced labor, time, and material costs.
Extreme resistance to two Brazilian strains of Potato virus Y (PVY) in transgenic potato, cv. Achat, expressing the PVYº coat protein

The coat protein (CP) gene of the potato virus Y strain "o" (PVYO) was introduced into potato, cultivar Achat, via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Sixty three putative transgenic lines were challenged against the Brazilian strains PVY-OBR and PVY-NBR. An extremely resistant phenotype, against the two strains, was observed in one line, denominated 1P. No symptoms or positive ELISA results were observed in 16 challenged plants from this line. Another clone, named as 63P, showed a lower level of resistance. Southern blot analysis showed five copies of the CP gene in the extremely resistant line and at least three copies in the other resistant line. The stability of the integrated transgenes in the extreme resistant line was examined during several in vitro multiplications over a period of three years, with no modification in the Southern pattern was observed. The stability of the transgenes, the absence of primary infections and the relatively broad spectrum of resistance suggest that the extremely resistant line obtained in this work can be useful for agricultural purposes.
Tourist attraction is targeted for ADA compliance

tive defect (Gawande et aI., 1989). In fact, our comparison of colored and equivalent neutral-density lenses suggested that much of the usefulness of a colored lens is related to its density, rather than to its color. Tests of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, with and without colored lenses, showed that office testing was an unreliable indicator of the subjective benefits of colored lenses (even for indoor usage). This finding suggests that the subjective visual improvement with colored lenses is not primarily or solely a result of either improved contrast sensitivity or visual acuity. An earlier survey (Hoeft & Hughes, 1981) reported that the Corning CPF 550 red lens improved acuity and was more effective than was a matched neutral-density lens; the discrepancy between these and our findings may reflect differences in lighting or glare during this test.
HIV-2 immunopathology:how the immune system deals with long-lasting infection

HIV-2 represents a naturally-occurring form of attenuated HIV/AIDS, associated with low to undetectable plasma viral load throughout the course of disease, and a much slower rate of CD4 T-cell decline than HIV-1 infection. In spite of the high degree of structural homology between the two viruses, HIV-2 uniquely expresses Vpx, which was recently shown to overcome host restriction of HIV-1 replication in monocyte and myeloid dendritic cells (mDC). We investigated here, for the first time, monocyte and circulating mDC imbalances in HIV-2+ patients. We found a significant expansion of CD14CD16 monocytes, accompanied by up-regulation of HLA-DR expression and increased serum levels of soluble CD14 in HIV-2+ patients. In contrast to untreated HIV-1+ individuals, these alterations also occurred in early stage HIV-2 infection, before significant CD4 T-cell loss, and appeared to be unrelated to an increase in plasma LPS levels. Importantly, monocytes from HIV-2+ patients featured a marked up-regulation of the inhibitory molecules PDL1/PD-1, which may contribute to the lack of significant increase of serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, typically produced by activated monocytes. Moreover, monocyte disturbances did not seem to translate into major mDC alterations in early stage HIV-2 infection. Nevertheless, HIV-2 disease progression, like untreated HIV-1 infection, led to mDC loss and acquisition of a more differentiated mDC phenotype. In conclusion, our data provide evidence of a heightened state of monocyte activation during HIV-2 infection, which is accompanied by marked up-regulation of the inhibitory molecules PD-L1/PD-1, possibly contributing to the relatively “benign” course of HIV-2 disease. These results challenge the current paradigm regarding the role of monocytes in HIV/AIDS, and in inflammatory processes in general, and offer the chance to identify novel therapeutic targets. Chapter 3: Results 3.1. Monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells in HIV-2 infection 101
Differences in body composition and physical fitness in elderly men and women

The aim of this study was to determine differences in body composition and physical fitness in elderly men and women. Five hundred twenty six subjects were included in this study, 272 were men (52%) and 254 women (48%). To determine the trend of changes of anthropometric parameters and physical fitness in people aged over 60, we were divided subjects in 5 age groups: 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79 and over 80 years of age. Decrease in strength is observed with the aging process so that the respondents aged 60-64 years significantly differ in the strength of the lower extremities of elderly subjects 70-74 and 75-79 years of age. Also this difference is noticeable if we compare men and women. In this study, we found that there was an increase in the amount of adipose tissue, reducing the level of muscle activity and decreased muscle strength and endurance of the aging process.
Melatonin content in grape: myth or panacea?

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) was detected by a modified HPLC method and ELISA tests in extracts of eight different Vitis vinifera cultivars, namely Nebbiolo, Croatina, Sangiovese, Merlot, Marzemino, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon and Barbera. Its concentration varied greatly among the cultivars, being the highest in Nebbiolo (0.965ngg −1 ) and Croatina (0. 870ngg −1 ). Field treatments of grapevine with the plant defence activator benzothiadiazole, greatly improved the melatonin content in berry skin extracts, indicating a possible strategy to raise the content of this important pharmaconutrient in plants, while inducing resistance to pathogens. The finding of this compound in grape suggests that the well-established pharmaconutritional properties of this fruit are due not only to the presence of polyphenolic nutraceuticals, such as resveratrol, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, but also to the powerful antioxidant activity of melatonin.  2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Referral Programs and Customer Value

Referral programs have become a popular way to acquire customers. Yet there is no evidence to date that customers acquired through such programs are more valuable than other customers. The authors address this gap and investigate the extent to which referred customers are more profitable and more loyal. Tracking approximately 10,000 customers of a leading German bank for almost three years, the authors find that referred customers (1) have a higher contribution margin, though this difference erodes over time; (2) have a higher retention rate, and this difference persists over time; and (3) are more valuable in both the short and the long run. The average value of a referred customer is at least 16% higher than that of a nonreferred customer with similar demographics and time of acquisition. However, the size of the value differential varies across customer segments; therefore, firms should use a selective approach for their referral programs.
Effects of nutrients and light on periphyton biomass and nitrogen uptake in Mediterranean streams with contrasting land uses

Summary 1. Nutrient diffusing substrata (NDS) were used to determine the relative importance of nutrients and light as potential limiting factors of periphyton biomass and nitrogen (N) uptake in Mediterranean streams subjected to different human impacts. The nutrients examined were phosphorus (P) and N, and we also further differentiated between the response of periphyton communities to N species (i.e. NO3-N and NH4-N). To examine the effect of light and nutrients on periphyton biomass, chlorophyll a accrual rates on NDS located at open and closed canopy sites were compared. The effect of nutrient availability on periphyton uptake was measured by 15N changes on the NDS after NO3-15N short-term nutrient additions. 2. Results show that light was the main factor affecting algal biomass in the study streams. Algal biomass was in general higher at open than at closed canopy sites. Nutrient availability, as simulated with the NDS experiments, did not enhance algal biomass accrual in either of the 2 light conditions. 3. In the control treatments (i.e. ambient concentrations), periphyton NO3-N uptake rates increased and C : N molar ratios decreased consistently with increases in N availability across streams. NO3-N uptake rates were altered when ambient N concentrations were increased artificially in the N amended NDS. Periphyton assemblages growing on N enriched substrata seemed to preferentially take up N diffusing from the substratum rather than N from the water column. This response differed among streams, and depended on ambient N availability. 4. Periphyton biomass was not significantly different between substrata exposed to the two forms of available N sources. Nonetheless, we found differences in the effects of both N sources on the uptake of N from the water column. NH4-N seemed to be the preferred source of N for periphyton growing on NDS. 5. Results suggest that the effect of riparian zones on light availability, although seldom considered by water managers, may be more important than nutrients in controlling eutrophication effects derived from human activities. Finally, our results confirm that not only increases in concentration, but also stoichiometric imbalances should be considered when examining N retention in human altered streams.