Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cuspy No More: How Outflows Affect the Central Dark Matter and Baryon Distribution in Lambda CDM Galaxies

We examine the evolution of the inner dark matter (DM) and baryonic density profile of a new sample of simulated field galaxies using fully cosmological, Lambda CDM, high resolution SPH + N-Body simulations. These simulations include explicit H2 and metal cooling, star formation (SF) and supernovae (SNe) driven gas outflows. Starting at high redshift, rapid, repeated gas outflows following bursty SF transfer energy to the DM component and significantly flatten the originally `cuspy' central DM mass profile of galaxies with present day stellar masses in the 10^4.5 -- 10^9.8 Msolar range. At z=0, the central slope of the DM density profile of our galaxies (measured between 0.3 and 0.7 kpc from their centre) is well fitted by rhoDM propto r^alpha with alpha \simeq -0.5 + 0.35 log_10(Mstar/10^8Msolar) where Mstar is the stellar mass of the galaxy and 4 < log_10 Mstar < 9.4. These values imply DM profiles flatter than those obtained in DM--only simulations and in close agreement with those inferred in galaxies from the THINGS and LITTLE THINGS survey. Only in very small halos, where by z=0 star formation has converted less than ~ 0.03% of the original baryon abundance into stars, outflows do not flatten the original cuspy DM profile out to radii resolved by our simulations. The mass (DM and baryonic) measured within the inner 500 pc of each simulated galaxy remains nearly constant over four orders of magnitudes in stellar mass for Mstar 10^9 Msolar. This finding is consistent with estimates for faint Local Group dwarfs and field galaxies. These results address one of the outstanding problems faced by the CDM model, namely the strong discrepancy between the original predictions of cuspy DM profiles and the shallower central DM distribution observed in galaxies.
Integrated Approach to Control of Fruit Drop and Improvement of Yield in Kinnow (Citrus nobilis X Citrus deliciosa)

Fruit drop is a major problem with Kinnow mandarin in all fruit growing regions of the world. Kinnow growers suffer a greater economic loss when natural fruit drop (98.0 to 99.5 %) is accelerated by pathogenic infection, insect-pest infestation, and physiological or hormonal imbalance due to poor orchard management. The application of fungicides to minimize pathogenic attack; 2,4-D (2,4Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) to maintain hormonal balance; and KNO3 (Potassium nitrate) to maintain electrolytic balance and efficient utilization of nutrients for developing resistance against insect infestation has greater potential to reduce fruit drop in Kinnow. The fungicides, namely; Zeneb 75WP (0.25 %), Carzim-50 (0.1 %), Curzate M8 (0.25 %), COPRUS 50WP (0.3 %), and Cyproconazole 25EC (0.1 %), in combination with 2,4-D @ 20 ppm and KNO3 @ 1 %, were applied twice, in September and October, and the number of fruits fallen on the ground were counted to determine fruit drop. It was observed that application of T3 [Curzate M8 (0.25 %) + 2,4-D (20 ppm) + KNO3 (1 %)] was an excellent treatment for the integrated management of fruit drop in Kinnow as it had ensured the lowest (1.90entomological, 3.53-pathological, and 4.75-physiological) fruit drop percentage with the highest fruit yield (432 fruits per plant).
Time-dependent unidirectional communication in multi-agent systems

We study a simple but compelling model of $n$ interacting agents via time-dependent, unidirectional communication. The model finds wide application in a variety of fields including synchronization, swarming and distributed decision making. In the model, each agent updates his current state based upon the current information received from other agents. Necessary and/or sufficient conditions for the convergence of the individual agents' states to a common value are presented, extending recent results reported in the literature. Unlike previous, related studies, the approach of the present paper does not rely on algebraic graph theory and is of a completely nonlinear nature. It is rather surprising that with these nonlinear tools, extensions may be obtained even for the linear cases discussed in the literature. The proof technique consists of a blend of graph-theoretic and system-theoretic tools integrated within a formal framework of set-valued Lyapunov theory and may be of independent interest. Further, it is also observed that more communication does not necessarily lead to better convergence and may eventually even lead to a loss of convergence, even for the simple models discussed in the present paper.
Étude de quelques liens entre les groupes de rang de Morley fini et les groupes algébriques linéaires

Cette these traite essentiellement des liens qui peuvent exister entreles groupes de rang de Morley fini et les groupes algebriques lineaires. Eneffet, nous y etablissons quelques proprietes algebriques aux K-groupes ;d'ailleurs une etude de linearite sur ces groupes est dressee et permeten particulier d'obtenir une generalisation du theoreme de Levi sur ladecomposition des groupes algebriques. Ensuite, nous etudions dans ununivers de rang de Morley fini, une action definissable de SL2(K) surun groupe abelien SL2(K)-minimal V ou K est un corps definissable decaracteristique positive p > 0. A cet effet, nous montrons que le rang deMorley rk(V ) de V est pair et multiple de rk(K). Enfin, nous analysonssous quelles conditions, etant donne G un groupe algebrique sur un corpsalgebriquement clos de caracteristique non nulle, le quotient G=Z(G) estdefinissablement lineaire.Par ailleurs, nous montrons sous certaines hypotheses le groupe desautomorphismes definissables d'un K*-groupe simple est interpretable.
Graph Partitioning and Semi-definite Programming Hierarchies

Graph partitioning is a fundamental optimization problem that has been intensively studied. Many graph partitioning formulations are important as building blocks for divide-and-conquer algorithms on graphs as well as to many applications such as VLSI layout, packet routing in distributed networks, clustering and image segmentation. Unfortunately such problems are notorious for the huge gap between known best known approximation algorithms and hardness of approximation results. In this thesis, we study approximation algorithms for graph partitioning problems using a strong hierarchy of relaxations based on semi-definite programming, called Lasserre Hierachy. Our main contribution in this thesis is a propagation based rounding framework for solutions arising from such relaxations. We present a novel connection between the quality of solutions it outputs and column based matrix reconstruction problem. As part of our work, we derive optimal bounds on the number of columns necessary together with efficient randomized and deterministic algorithms to find such columns. Using this framework, we derive approximation schemes for many graph partitioning problems with running times dependent on how fast the graph spectrum grows. Our final contribution is a fast SDP solver for this rounding framework: Even though SDP relaxation has nO(r) many variables, we achieve running times of the form 2 O(r) poly(n) by only partially solving the relevant part of relaxation. In order to achieve this, we present a new ellipsoid algorithm that returns certificate of infeasibility.
A Numerical Method for Acoustic Waves in Horns

Acoustic horns are used in musical instruments and loudspeakers in order to provide an impedance match between an acoustic source and the surrounding air. The aim of this study is to develop numerical tools for the analysis and optimisation of such horns, with respect to their input impedance spectra. Important effects such as visco-thermal damping and modal conversion are shown to be localised to different parts of a typical brass instrument. This makes it possible to construct hybrid methods that apply different numerical techniques in different parts of the instrument. Narrow and slowly flaring parts are modelled using a one-dimensional transmission line analogy, and the rapidly flaring bell is modelled using a two-dimensional finite-difference method. The connection between the different regions is done by the aid of impedance boundary conditions. The use of such boundary conditions is investigated with respect to the required number of degrees of freedom. Numerical shape optimisation is employed in order to design horns with desired impedance characteristics throughout a design frequency band. A loudspeaker horn is optimised with respect to its sound power output, and a brass instrument is optimised with respect to its intonation. The horns are modelled using the finite-element method and a transmission line analogy. In order to achieve rapid convergence of the optimisation, gradient based minimisation algorithms are used. A prerequisite for success is the ability to accurately and inexpensively compute the gradient of the objective function. The gradient for the finite-element method is computed by an adjoint equation technique, whereas for the transmission line analogy, it is derived by formal differentiation of the model. In order to find smooth solutions, a smoothing technique is used, where optimisation is done with respect to the right hand side of a Poisson type equation.
Refractive index gradients in TiO2 thin films grown by atomic layer deposition

Transmission spectra of TiO2 films grown by atomic layer deposition on fused silica have been analysed by using Lorentz dispersion and a model consisting of two sublayers inside a film. It has been shown that the deposition process parameters significantly influenced the refractive index gradient in the film growth direction. The films grown at a lower flow of the carrier gas showed a 35 nm thick sublayer with low refractive index at the silica substrate and a layer with a higher refractive index at the film surface. The films deposited at higher carrier gas flow had a higher refractive index at the substrate and a lower refractive index at the film surface. The results also demonstrate that by using a parameter modelling one can obtain some information about the internal structure of a film even if there are no clearly defined interference fringes in a transmission spectrum.
The impact of active galactic nuclei on cooling flows

This thesis explores the role of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in the heating of the intracluster medium (ICM). In the centre of many clusters the radiative cooling tune of the ICM is much shorter than the Hubble time. Unless cooling is balanced by some form of heating, gas will flow into the cluster centre at rates up to ~ 1000 M© yr(^-1). Recent Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray observations present almost no evidence that this is happening incluster cores. Moreover, they show that the ICM has a rather complex structure. Some of the features in the X-ray images can be explained as the interaction of the central AGN with the ICM. The most prominent feature are bubbles of hot and underdense gas inflated by jets coming from massive black holes residing in the centre of giant elliptical galaxies. These bubbles are thought to rise buoyantly through the ICM and heat the gas by depositing their energy. I start by introducing the cooling-flow problem and by summarising the current understanding of the ICM heating processes. I then introduce the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) code FLASH that has been used for the simulations in this thesis and the development of new routines and modules. A model of AGN heating is then applied to model clusters to investigate three issues: (1) the quenching of the cooling-flow by injection of bubbles of energy; (2) the determination of the AGN duty cycle by using measurements of sound wave positions; (3) the presence of a mass threshold below which the heating process is no longer effective. I show that cooling can be effectively balanced by AGN heating in a cluster of mass 3 x lO(^14) Mo. Then, I argue that by using measurements of sound wave positions it is possible to determine the duty cycle of the AGN with good accuracy. Finally, I show that there is a threshold mass for which the heating process is ineffective. In the light of this, I discuss the importance of the process in shaping the luminosity function of galaxies. I also apply the heating model to a cluster that has formed in a cosmological environment and discuss how to improve the code performance.
Research on deep learning model design technology of mobile terminal

Nowadays, object recognition and detection are inseparable from our lives which are related to various aspects in life. However, with the development of society and technology, the model of object detection become more and more complicated which affects the running velocity to some extent. In order to solve this problem, the key is to compress the model. On that note, the most important thing is to improve the running velocity without influencing the success rate of detection. To prune the mode, quantization is a low-cost way. Firstly, the object will be identified and detected by original model. After condensing model by pruning technology, run on this model to the same objects. Finally, it turns out that the model runs faster after pruning with little effect on the accuracy of object’s detection. Pruning minimizes model complexity, reduces the space needed for model storage, and also focuses on accelerating model training and prediction. It Can be applied during or after training.
Optimizing crude protein production from minute duckweed (Lemna perpusilla Torr) grown in varied NPK based medium

A suitable growth medium has to be developed to implement the potential use of minute duckweed (L. perpusilla Torr.). This tiny floating aquatic plant has been widely promoted as a source of protein. This research aims to find the optimal NPK based media for enhancing plant protein productivity. The duckweed was grown in twelve various NPK based media formulations (respectively named as Box-A to box-L, each has a surface area of 0.0945 m2), and the crude protein productivity was examined. Determination of crude protein through the total biomass nitrogen (TN) analysis was performed using the modified Salicylic acid method, which combined alkaline persulphate digestion before the absorbance measurement with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The highest crude protein productivity in dry weight was 18.02 mg/m2.day or estimated equal to 65.76 kg/ha/year found on the Box D (consisted of blending Terminalia catappa leaf extract as bioalgacide agent and trace elements in NPK of 100 mg/L). Meanwhile, the highest Total Nitrogen removal (98.6%) was observed on box F (mixed of NPK 100 mg/L, Terminalia catappa leaf extract, trace elements, and molasses solutions). The alternative formulation was blending NPK 300 mg/L with trace element (box L) that enable to yield of crude protein as much as 30.97 mg/m2.day or estimated equal to 113.04 kg/ha.year. These findings proved that duckweed biomass could be potentially used as a protein source material and improve water quality in aquaculture. Further, the use of three-dimensional models to demonstrate the effect of the remaining concentration of TN and TP in medium against crude protein content in the biomass was also discussed.
Impact of Dust Size Distribution Including Large Dust Grains on Magnetic Resistivity: An Analytical Approach

This paper investigates the impact of dust size distribution on magnetic resistivity. In particular, we focus on its impact when the maximum dust size significantly increases from a submicron level. The first half of the paper describes our calculation method for magnetic resistivity based on the model of Draine & Sutin and shows that the method reproduces the results of more realistic chemical reaction network calculations reasonably well. Then, we describe the results of the resistivity calculations for dust distributions with large maximum dust grains. Our results show that resistivity tends to decrease with dust growth, which is particularly true when the dust size power exponent q is q = 2.5. On the other hand, the decrease is less pronounced when the dust size power exponent q is q = 3.5, i.e., when the small dust is also responsible for the dust cross section. Our results suggest that detailed dust coagulation and fragmentation processes play a vital role in the magnetic resistivities in protostar formation.
Bi-LSTM-attention Based on ACNN Model for Disfluency Detection

Disfluencies are self-corrections in spontaneous speech, including filled pauses, repetitions, repairs and false starts. The task of disfluency detection is to identify these disfluencies phenomena in spoken speech and make them consistent with written text. Recent research has applied machine learning and deep learning approaches to disfluency recognition and classification. In addition, long distance dependence is one of the core issues in disfluency detection. In order to solve this problem, most existing approaches had combined plenty of hand-crafted features and words as input. However, hand-crafted model features need lots of time and energy. Some studies reduced the dependence on hand-crafted features, but they ignored the dependence between long sentences. In this article, we consider disfluency detection as a problem of sequence labeling, then apply Bi-LSTM and attention mechanisms to disfluency detection. In particular, on the basis of obtaining the dependency of rough copy by Auto-correlational neural network (ACNN), we improve the ACNN model to handle the long-term dependency, so that we can better capture dependency between words and words. In other words, our method can not only find the rough copy relationship between sentences without additional hand-crafted features, but also obtain the dependency relationship between long sentences. Experiments on commonly used English Switchboard test sets show that our approach achieves good performance compared to previous models that used texts only without other hand-crafted features.
Electromagnetic Signals from Bacterial DNA

Chemical reactions can be induced at a distance due to the propagation of electromagnetic signals during intermediate chemical stages. Although is is well known at optical frequencies, e.g. photosynthetic reactions, electromagnetic signals hold true for muck lower frequencies. In E. coli bacteria such electromagnetic signals can be generated by electric transitions between energy levels describing electrons moving around DNA loops. The electromagnetic signals between different bacteria within a community is a "wireless" version of intercellular communication found in bacterial communities connected by "nanowires". The wireless broadcasts can in principle be of both the AM and FM variety due to the magnetic flux periodicity in electron energy spectra in bacterial DNA orbital motions.
A Potential Problem with the Application of Moist Static Energy in Tropical Cyclone Studies.

AbstractThe moist static energy (MSE) is derived from the first law of thermodynamics and has been widely used in tropical cyclone (TC) studies because of its energetic and conventionally recognized conservation properties. This study investigates the validation of the MSE application in TC systems based on cloud-resolving numerical simulations. By examining the approximations made in deriving the MSE, neglecting the horizontal advection of pressure (namely, the generation of kinetic energy) relative to the vertical advection of pressure is found to be in error in the boundary layer of TCs with the horizontal advection of pressure even being several times larger than the vertical advection of pressure near the surface. Such a problematic approximation has broken down the conservation property of MSE in adiabatic conditions. An investigation of the energetic characteristics based on an MSE budget equation demonstrates that the MSE has created significant bias in evaluating the energy transport in the inner.
FLNC-Associated Myofibrillar Myopathy

Objective To determine whether a new indel mutation in the dimerization domain of filamin C (FLNc) causes a hereditary myopathy with protein aggregation in muscle fibers, we clinically and molecularly studied a German family with autosomal dominant myofibrillar myopathy (MFM). Methods We performed mutational analysis in 3 generations, muscle histopathology, and proteomic studies of IM protein aggregates. Functional consequences of the FLNC mutation were investigated with interaction and transfection studies and biophysics molecular analysis. Results Eight patients revealed clinical features of slowly progressive proximal weakness associated with a heterozygous c. 8025_8030delCAAGACinsA (p.K2676Pfs*3) mutation in FLNC. Two patients exhibited a mild cardiomyopathy. MRI of skeletal muscle revealed lipomatous changes typical for MFM with FLNC mutations. Muscle biopsies showed characteristic MFM findings with protein aggregation and lesion formation. The proteomic profile of aggregates was specific for MFM-filaminopathy and indicated activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagic pathways. Functional studies revealed that mutant FLNc is misfolded, unstable, and incapable of forming homodimers and heterodimers with wild-type FLNc. Conclusions This new MFM-filaminopathy family confirms that expression of mutant FLNC leads to an adult-onset muscle phenotype with intracellular protein accumulation. Mutant FLNc protein is biochemically compromised and leads to dysregulation of protein quality control mechanisms. Proteomic analysis of MFM protein aggregates is a potent method to identify disease-relevant proteins, differentiate MFM subtypes, evaluate the relevance of gene variants, and identify novel MFM candidate genes.
The Subaru Ly-alpha blob survey: A sample of 100 kpc Ly-alpha blobs at z=3

We present results of a survey for giant Ly-alpha nebulae (LABs) at z=3 with Subaru/Suprime-Cam. We obtained Ly-alpha imaging at z=3.09+-0.03 around the SSA22 protocluster and in several blank fields. The total survey area is 2.1 square degrees, corresponding to a comoving volume of 1.6 x 10^6 Mpc^3. Using a uniform detection threshold of 1.4 x 10^{-18} erg s^{-1} cm^{-2} arcsec^{-2} for the Ly-alpha images, we construct a sample of 14 LAB candidates with major-axis diameters larger than 100 kpc, including five previously known blobs and two known quasars. This survey triples the number of known LABs over 100 kpc. The giant LAB sample shows a possible "morphology-density relation": filamentary LABs reside in average density environments as derived from compact Ly-alpha emitters, while circular LABs reside in both average density and overdense environments. Although it is hard to examine the formation mechanisms of LABs only from the Ly-alpha morphologies, more filamentary LABs may relate to cold gas accretion from the surrounding inter-galactic medium (IGM) and more circular LABs may relate to large-scale gas outflows, which are driven by intense starbursts and/or by AGN activities. Our survey highlights the potential usefulness of giant LABs to investigate the interactions between galaxies and the surrounding IGM from the field to overdense environments at high-redshift.