Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secondary Cancer Induction: Lifetime Attributable Risk Estimates Following Radioiodine Therapy Among Thyroid Cancer Female Survivors in Saudi Arabia

Radiation-induced second solid cancer (RISSC) is one of the critical late side effects of radiotherapy treatment of first cancer. The mechanism of second cancer incidence is not fully known yet. However, many elements contribute to the development of RISSC such as age at exposure, effective dose to the organ and surrounding tissues, treatment modalities and family history of cancer. The aim of this study is to provide long-term forecasts of second cancer prevalence among thyroid cancer female survivors in Saudi Arabia. The long-term harm resulting from radiation exposure or lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of RISSC after a radiation treatment of thyroid cancer was determined, between the age at exposure and up to 90 years, in a cohort of female cancer survivors whose age at treatment was in the range 15 to 76 years. Risk estimates varied significantly with age at exposure and effective organ dose. The results of the study clearly indicate a direct positive correlation between the patient's age at exposure and the induction of a thyroid secondary cancer. The chance of developing thyroid second cancer after radiotherapy is highest in those exposed as children. Furthermore, the radiation dose directly affects the emergence of secondary cancers.
Perturbation of fluvial sediment fluxes following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake

Quantifying the removal of co‐seismic landslide material after a large‐magnitude earthquake is central to our understanding of geomorphic recovery from seismic events and the topographic evolution of tectonically active mountain ranges. In order to gain more insight into the fluvial erosion response to co‐seismic landslides, we focus on the sediment fluxes of rivers flowing through the rupture zone of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmen Shan of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Over the post‐seismic period of 2008–2013, we annually collected river sediment samples (0.25–1 mm) at 19 locations and measured the concentration of cosmogenic 10Be in quartz. When compared with published pre‐earthquake data, the 10Be concentrations declined dramatically after the earthquake at all sampling sites, but with significant spatial differences in the amplitude of this decrease, and were starting to increase toward pre‐earthquake level in several basins over the 5‐year survey. Our analysis shows that the amplitude of 10Be decrease is controlled by the amount of landslides directly connected to the river network. Calculations based on 10Be mixing budgets indicate that the sediment flux of the 0.25–1 mm size fraction increased up to sixfold following the Wenchuan earthquake. Our results also suggest that fluvial erosion became supply limited shortly after the earthquake, and predict that it could take a few years to several decades for fluvial sediment fluxes to go back to pre‐earthquake characteristics, depending on catchment properties. We also estimate that it will take at least decades and possibly up to thousands of years to remove the co‐seismic landslide materials from the catchments in the Longmen Shan. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of Epithelial and Endothelial Barriers by Molecular Chaperones

The integrity and permeability of epithelial and endothelial barriers depend on the formation of tight junctions, adherens junctions, and a junction-associated cytoskeleton. The establishment of this junction–cytoskeletal module relies on the correct folding and oligomerization of its protein components. Molecular chaperones are known regulators of protein folding and complex formation in different cellular compartments. Mammalian cells possess an elaborate chaperone network consisting of several hundred chaperones and co-chaperones. Only a small part of this network has been linked, however, to the regulation of intercellular adhesions, and the systematic analysis of chaperone functions at epithelial and endothelial barriers is lacking. This review describes the functions and mechanisms of the chaperone-assisted regulation of intercellular junctions. The major focus of this review is on heat shock protein chaperones, their co-chaperones, and chaperonins since these molecules are the focus of the majority of the articles published on the chaperone-mediated control of tissue barriers. This review discusses the roles of chaperones in the regulation of the steady-state integrity of epithelial and vascular barriers as well as the disruption of these barriers by pathogenic factors and extracellular stressors. Since cytoskeletal coupling is essential for junctional integrity and remodeling, chaperone-assisted assembly of the actomyosin cytoskeleton is also discussed.
Comparison of Echocardiography and Myocardial Scintigraphy to Detect Cancer Therapy-Related Cardiovascular Toxicity in Breast Cancer Patients

The mortality rate of cancer patients has been decreasing; however, patients often suffer from cardiac disorders due to chemotherapy or other cancer therapies (e.g., cancer-therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CVR-CVT)). Therefore, the field of cardio-oncology has drawn more attention in recent years. The first European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on cardio-oncology was established last year. Echocardiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of CVR-CVT, but many breast cancer patients are unable to undergo echocardiography due to their surgery wounds or anatomical reasons. We performed a study to evaluate the usefulness of myocardial scintigraphy using Iodine-123 β-methyl-P-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid (123I-BMIPP) in comparison with echocardiography and published the results in the Journal of Imaging last year. This is the secondary analysis following our previous study. A total of 114 breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy within 3 years underwent echocardiography, as well as Thallium (201Tl) and 123I-BMIPP myocardial perfusion and metabolism scintigraphy. The ratio of isotope uptake reduction was scored by Heart Risk View-S software (Nihon Medi-Physics). The scores were then compared with the echocardiography parameters. All the patients’ charts and data from January 2022 to November 2023 were reviewed for the secondary analysis. Echocardiogram parameters were obtained from 99 patients (87% of total patients). No correlations were found between the echocardiography parameters and Heart Risk View-S scores of 201Tl myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, nor those of the BMIPP myocardial metabolism scintigraphy. In total, 8 patients out of 114 (7.0%) died within 22 months, while 3 patients out of 26 CVR-CVT patients (11.5%) died within 22 months. Evaluation by echocardiography was sometimes difficult to perform on breast cancer patients. However, other imaging modalities, including myocardial scintigraphy, cannot serve as alternatives to echocardiography. Cardiac scintigraphy detects circulation disorder or metabolism disorder in the myocardium; therefore, it should be able to reveal myocardial damage to some extent. The mortality rate of breast cancer patients was higher with CVR-CVT. A new modality to detect CVR-CVT besides echocardiography can possibly be anticipated for patients who cannot undergo echocardiography.
Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Geoaccumulation index (Igeo); Spatial distribution; Soil pollution; Cd and Pb; Borujerd ABSTRACT: As more people live in cities and urban areas, evaluation of urban environmental quality is nowadays an unavoidable necessity. Urbanization gives off heavy metals into urban soils and threatens the human health. In this study, urban soil samples were acquired from different locations (Public parks, streets, and squares) from Borujerd, Iran. The levels of Cd and Pb in the soils, along with soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and particle size distribution (texture), were analyzed. Kriging method by Surfer software was employed to create the spatial distribution maps of Cd, Pb, and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). The average Cd and Pb concentrations in the surface soil samples were 2.50±1.14, and 50.37±34.77 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The highest mean concentration of Cd was found in street soils and as for Pb in square soils. The interpolation maps illustrated the same behavior for Cd and Pb with elevated concentrations located in the southeast. The mean values of geoaccumulation index (Igeo) showed that soils are moderately/strongly contaminated with Cd and moderately contaminated with Pb. In this study, traffic emission, textile industries and probably released untreated municipal wastewater into the soil are anthropogenic sources of Pb and Cd.
Age constraints of rock glaciers in the Southern Alps/New Zealand – Exploring their palaeoclimatic potential

Two rock glaciers in the valley head of Irishman Stream in the central Ben Ohau Range, Southern Alps/New Zealand, have been investigated using the electronic Schmidt-hammer (SilverSchmidt). Longitudinal profiles on both features reveal a consistent trend of decreasing R(Rebound)-values and, hence, increasing weathering intensity and surface-exposure age on their numerous transverse surface ridges from rooting zone towards the front. Previously published numerical ages obtained by terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating (TCND) allowed the calculation of a local Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) age-calibration curve by serving as the required fixed points. Age estimates for the lowermost rock glacier surface ridges fall within the early Holocene between 12 and 10.5 ka and indicate a fast disappearance of the Late Glacial glacier formerly occupying the valley head, followed by the initiation of rock glacier formation around or shortly after the onset of the Holocene. Although it cannot be judged whether the rock glaciers investigated were active within the entire Holocene or only repeatedly during multiple episodes within, their location and intact morphology exclude any substantial glacial activity at Irishman Stream during the Holocene. This has considerable regional palaeoclimatic implications because it opens for the hypothesis that climatic conditions during early Holocene were possibly comparatively dry and favourable for rock glacier initiation, but less so for glaciers. It would also challenge the view that air temperature is the sole major climate driver of glacier variability in the Southern Alps. More work utilising the palaeoclimatic potential of rock glaciers in the Southern Alps is advised.
Christian Citizens in a Democratic State: Is a True Separation of Church and State Really Possible?

In many North American Protestant circles, especially those with Baptist or Free Church roots, the notion of the total separation of church and state is presented as the ideal to be attained in all church and state relations. We are told that the state should have no legislative power to ordain anything in relation to church doctrine or practice, and that the church should be entirely excluded from all political, secular, or state actions. In this paper, we are going to suggest that such an approach to church–state relations (even though some might think that it flows from or is necessary for democracy) is, in fact, impossible in a true democracy. We will first consider the nature of the church and the state, and present three principles that Maritain suggests are first principles in this debate. We will then look at the classical notion of the “Citizen”. We will conclude by arguing that based upon the nature of a citizen, of the church, and of the state, a strict separation of church and state is, in fact, impossible.
Novel Biomarkers of Bone Metabolism

Bone represents a metabolically active tissue subject to continuous remodeling orchestrated by the dynamic interplay between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. These cellular processes are modulated by a complex interplay of biochemical and mechanical factors, which are instrumental in assessing bone remodeling. This comprehensive evaluation aids in detecting disorders arising from imbalances between bone formation and reabsorption. Osteoporosis, characterized by a reduction in bone mass and strength leading to heightened bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures, is one of the more prevalent chronic diseases. Some epidemiological studies, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), have identified an association between osteoporosis and vascular calcification. Notably, low bone mineral density has been linked to an increased incidence of aortic calcification, with shared molecules, mechanisms, and pathways between the two processes. Certain molecules emerging from these shared pathways can serve as biomarkers for bone and mineral metabolism. Detecting and evaluating these alterations early is crucial, requiring the identification of biomarkers that are reliable for early intervention. While traditional biomarkers for bone remodeling and vascular calcification exist, they suffer from limitations such as low specificity, low sensitivity, and conflicting results across studies. In response, efforts are underway to explore new, more specific biomarkers that can detect alterations at earlier stages. The aim of this review is to comprehensively examine some of the emerging biomarkers in mineral metabolism and their correlation with bone mineral density, fracture risk, and vascular calcification as well as their potential use in clinical practice.
Noun-noun compounding in Esahie

Noun-noun (N-N) compounds have been argued to constitute the commonest and most productive category of compounds cross-linguistically (cf. Downing 1977; Clark et al. 1985; Bauer 2017; Gagné & Spalding 2010; Guevara & Scalise 2009) and this fact is well-established in Kwa languages as well (cf. Akan: Appah (2013), Lɛtɛ: Akrofi Ansah (2012), Ewe: Agbadah (2017), and Dangme: Lawer (2017), Lawer & Appah (2020)). However, the subject remains to be explored as far as Esahie, which also belongs to the Kwa group of languages, is concerned. This paper, therefore, examines the form and function of N-N compounds in Esahie, from a Construction Morphology (Booij 2010) perspective. Among other things, the study reveals that subordinate compounds are predominantly right-headed, while attributive compounds are predominantly left-headed, and that the former is the most productive compounding type. Our findings on Esahie noun-noun compounds corroborate Booij’s (1992) observation that there is a strong correlation between recursion and productivity. Furthermore, we show that semantic headedness (rather formal headedness) provides the most reliable criterion for determining headedness in Esahie N-N compounds. Data is collected through documentary fieldworks conducted in Esahie-speaking communities of the Western North Region of Ghana.
Use of Bentonite Adsorbent from Ujong Pacu for the Adsorption Free Fatty Acids from Crude Palm Oil

Because free fatty acid content impacts crude palm oil's physical and chemical characteristics, it is a good indicator of the oil's quality. Investigated effective operating parameters include contact time on adsorption and initial free fatty acid concentration. This system was studied using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the kinetic data was examined using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The findings indicated that increasing FFA concentrations increased the adsorption capacity of free fatty acids using Ujong Pacu bentonite, and it was discovered that CPO weighing 30 g was the ideal weight for FFA adsorption capacity. At equilibrium, the ideal value of adsorption capacity is 502.17 mg/g. While the pseudo-second order model is the model that best describes the adsorption kinetics of the free fatty acid content in Crude, the Freundlich isotherm model best describes the equilibrium data, which indicates the heterogeneous surface of the adsorbent pores and shows that the adsorbate layer formed on the surface of the adsorbent is multilayer. Correlation coefficient (R2) for palm oil (CPO) in the range of 0.946 to 0.9975.
CMAR_A_270813 13273..13284

Department of Oncology, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211316, People’s Republic of China; Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211316, People’s Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Gulou Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, People’s Republic of China; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People’s Republic of China
From Good Expectancy to Good Feelings: How Optimism Is Related to Subjective Well-Being in Chinese Adults through the Pathway of Coping

Positive psychology has attracted increasing attention from many scholars worldwide. There is a considerable body of knowledge on the relationship between optimism and subjective well-being (SWB). However, their mediation mechanism has not been fully studied, and most of the current conclusions were formulated within the context of Western culture, with a limited number of empirical studies specifically targeting Chinese people. Based on the theories of self-regulation and stress coping, our research aimed to validate the association between optimism and SWB among Chinese adults and further investigate the mediating effect of positive and negative coping in this relationship. In Study 1, using a national dataset from the Chinese General Social Survey (N = 12,582), we captured the direct positive relationship between optimism and SWB. In Study 2, taking a cross-sectional study (N = 272), we found the mediating effect of positive and negative coping in the relationship between optimism and SWB according to correlation and regression analysis. In Study 3, taking a cross-lagged study (N = 343), we reverified the results of Study 2 and found negative coping no longer played a role as a mediator after accounting for the factors of social desirability and state anxiety in the analysis. These findings are worthwhile for paying attention to Chinese people’s optimistic traits and the pathways to improving their subjective well-being using different coping behaviors.
Calcium Isotopic Compositions of Normal Mid‐Ocean Ridge Basalts From the Southern Juan de Fuca Ridge

Mantle peridotites show that Ca is isotopically heterogeneous in Earth's mantle, but the mechanism for such heterogeneity remains obscure. To investigate the effect of partial melting on Ca isotopic fractionation and the mechanism for Ca isotopic heterogeneity in the mantle, we report high‐precision Ca isotopic compositions of the normal Mid‐Ocean Ridge Basalts (N‐MORB) from the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge. δ44/40Ca of these N‐MORB samples display a small variation ranging from 0.75 ± 0.05 to 0.86 ± 0.03‰ (relative to NIST SRM 915a, a standard reference material produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology), which are slightly lower than the estimated Upper Mantle value of 1.05 ± 0.04‰ and the Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE) value of 0.94 ± 0.05‰. This phenomenon cannot be explained by fractional crystallization, because olivine and orthopyroxene fractional crystallization has limited influence on δ44/40Ca of N‐MORB due to their low CaO contents, while plagioclase fractional crystallization cannot lead to light Ca isotopic compositions of the residue magma. Instead, the lower δ44/40Ca of N‐MORB samples compared to their mantle source is most likely caused by partial melting. The offset in δ44/40Ca between N‐MORB and BSE indicates that at least 0.1–0.2‰ fractionation would occur during partial melting and light Ca isotopes are preferred to be enriched in magma melt, which is in accordance with the fact that δ44/40Ca of melt‐depleted peridotites are higher than fertile peridotites in literature. Therefore, partial melting is an important process that can decrease δ44/40Ca in basalts and induce Ca isotopic heterogeneity in Earth's mantle.
Patterns of carbon dioxide and methane saturation in 34 Minnesota and Wisconsin lakes

Supersaturation of methane and carbon dioxide in lake water relative to the atmosphere is common (KLING et al. 1991, 1992, eoLE er al. 1994, MICHMERHUIZEN er al. 1996), with many or most lakes being net annual sources of these carbon gases to the atmosphere (STRIEGL & MICHMERHUIZEN 1998). Annual carbon gas emission to the atmosphere requires that atmospheric, hydrologic, and terrestrial inputs of carbon to lakes exceed the sum of hydrologic outputs of e from lakes plus net sedimentation and accumulation of e in biomass. Methane is commonly emitted from lakes to the atmosphere throughout the ice-free period (KLrNG et al. 1992, SMITH & LEWIS 1992, MICHMERHUIZEN et al. 1996). eH, concenrrations in seasonally ice-covered lakes are generally high in late winrer and early spring due to accumulation under ice. This is followed by periods of springtime degassing after ice melt, summertime accumulation of high eH, concentration in bottom water with less-elevated concentration in the epilimnion, degassing after lake turnover in autumn, and re-accumulation of eH, under ice the next winter. Hydrologic sources of eH, to lakes are small when compared to in-lake production. The majority o f lake eH, is produced in anoxic sediments and is consumed by methanotrophic bacteria in aerobic sediment and in the lake water column without being emitted to the atmosphere (STRIEGL & MICHMERHUIZEN 1998, UTSUMI et al. 1998). Because of these factors, eH, fluxes from lakes are likely to be more closely linked to withinlake characteristics, such as lake morphometry, the organic content of sediment, or littoral zone macrophyte production, than to watershed characteristics or geologic setting. Relative to the atmosphere, dissolved eo, in lake surface water switches from supersaturation to undersaturation depending on the balance among photosynthetic demand, carbon loading to the lake, and respiration. earbon dioxide concenrrations exhibit an annual pattern that is similar to that of eH,, except that eo, may become depleted relative to the atmosphere in surface waters during peak periods of photosynthesis (HESSLEIN et al. 1991, WTZ et al. 1997, STRIEGL & MICHMERHUIZEN 1998).
Influence of Rain Water Harvesting Techniques on Yield, Root Development and Profitability of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Under Rainfed Condition

Rainfed agriculture plays an important role in contributing world food security. In India, area under rainfed agriculture is about 85 m ha representing 60 per cent net cultivated area and supports 40 per cent population of the country. Water is one of the most essential resource in day to day life is becoming scarce due to various reasons. The need to conserve water and its resources assumes more importance than ever before in the present scenario. With the improvement of agricultural production technology and industrial growth, the demand of water has increased manifold. India is endowed with rich diversity of natural resources. However, the need for food and nutritional security is increasing due to expanding population. One of the emerging situations, however is water shortage, either as a result of over exploitation for limited localized purposes or because of adequate management strategies. Rainfed agriculture is facing problems of decelerating growth coupled with sustainability concerns. The deceleration in yields and production is mainly due to failure of rainfed farming. The most effective means of achieving sustainable crop production is through rain water conservation (Mishra et al., 2010). Rain is the International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 12 (2017) pp. 1705-1709 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com