Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative hypotension and its organ-related consequences in hypertensive subjects undergoing abdominal surgery: a cohort study

Abstract Purpose. Intraoperative hypotension is associated with organ hypoperfusion, which is deleterious to vital organs. Little is known about the prevalence and consequences of intraoperative hypotension in subjects with arterial hypertension (AH). The primary goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence and determinants of hypoperfusion-related clinical consequences of intraoperative hypotension, taking into account the role of AH, in a homogeneous cohort of patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Materials and methods. We enrolled 508 patients (219 males, median age 62 years). Intraoperative hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) <90 mmHg for at least 10 min or mean arterial pressure (MAP) <65 mmHg for at least 10 min or a need for noradrenaline infusion of at least 0.05 μg/kg/min for ≥10 min or intraoperative MAP drop of at least 30% from the baseline value for at least 10 min, regardless of the time of surgery. Acute kidney injury, stroke or transient ischaemic attack, delirium, and myocardial infarction were considered as the outcome. Results. AH concerned 234 (46%) individuals. The prevalence of intraoperative hypotension varied from 19.9 to 59.4%. Patients with AH were more likely to experience MAP drop of >30% than non-hypertensive patients (OR = 1.53; 95%CI 1.07–2.19; p = 0.02). The outcome was diagnosed in 38 (7.5%) patients. AH was a significant predictor of hypoperfusion-related events, regardless of the intraoperative hypotension definition applied (logOR 2.80 ÷ 3.22; p < 0.05 for all). Only intraoperative hypotension defined as ‘MAP < 65mmHg’ was found to be a determinant of negative outcome (logOR = 2.85; 95%CI 1.35–5.98; p < 0.01), with AUROC = 0.83 (95%CI 0.0–0.86); p < 0.01. Conclusion. AH is a significant predictor of hypoperfusion-related events, regardless of the intraoperative hypotension definition applied. In hypertensive patients, hypoperfusion-related clinical consequences are more frequent in high-risk and long-lasting procedures. MAP < 65 mmHg lasting for >10 min during surgery was identified as most associated with the negative outcome.
Strong, Fast, Fit, Lean, and Safe: A Positional Comparison of Physical and Physiological Qualities Within the 2020 Australian Women's Rugby League Team

Abstract Minahan, C, Newans, T, Quinn, K, Parsonage, J, Buxton, S, and Bellinger, P. Strong, Fast, Fit, Lean, and Safe: A positional comparison of physical and physiological qualities within the 2020 Australian Women's Rugby League team. J Strength Cond Res 35(12S): S11–S19, 2021—The purpose of the present study was to report the physical and physiological characteristics of elite women Rugby League (RL) players. Thirty-nine women (25.6 ± 4.3 years, 171.3 ± 7.7 cm, 83.5 ± 13.9 kg) from the 2020 Australian women's RL squad were recruited for this study. Players were categorized as adjustables (n = 7), backs (n = 15), or forwards (n = 17) for analysis. Each player was assessed for anthropometry, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), speed (5, 10 and 20 m sprint times), lower-body power (countermovement jump), upper-body power (medicine ball throw and explosive push up force), estimated one repetition maximum (e1RM) bench press, squat and bench pull, isometric mid-thigh pull strength, eccentric knee flexor strength, isometric hip abduction and adduction, and intermittent endurance performance (30–15 intermittent fitness test; 30–15 IFT). Linear mixed models were performed to compare positional groups. Forwards were significantly heavier and had greater fat mass, fat-free mass, and body fat percentage compared with backs and adjustables (P < 0.01). Backs were faster over 20 m compared with forwards (P = 0.025), whereas forwards had a lower 30–15 IFT peak velocity and estimated V̇o2peak compared with backs and adjustables. Nonetheless, when including body mass in the model, there were no differences between groups in 30–15 IFT peak velocity. There were no significant differences in other variables. These results provide contemporary benchmark physical, physiological, and anthropometric data for elite women RL players, which can inform recruitment, selection, training, and testing.
A retrospective cohort study of factors influencing long procedure times in colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection

Abstract Objective To evaluate the outcomes and factors influencing colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with a long procedure time. Materials and methods In this single-center, retrospective study, we included 1,100 patients with 1,199 lesions who underwent colorectal ESD between April 2016 and December 2020. ESD was performed using an advanced system knife for lesions >20 mm. An S-O clip was used as the traction device. The long-time group (LP; procedure time >120 min) and normal-time group (NP; procedure time <120 min) were compared. Results The procedure times were 166.86 and 44.72 min in the LP and NP groups, respectively. The completion rate was higher in the NP group (96.5% vs. 83.5%, p = .001); the completed lesions were resected en bloc. Multivariate analysis revealed 18.8% and 7.8% of submucosal fibrosis in the LP and NP groups, respectively (odds ratio [OR] = 2.410, p = .026). Compared to the NP group, the LP group presented larger maximum lesion sizes and higher rates of R1 resection, and traction device use. Time to introduction of traction device use was longer in the LP than in the NP group (126.05 vs. 21.72 min; p < .001). Fibrosis tends to occur cecal lesions (OR 2.436, p = .011) and laterally spreading tumor–non-granular-pseudo-depressed (LST-NG-PD) (OR 2.6181, p = .001). Conclusions Lesion size and fibrosis were factors associated with a long procedure time in colonic ESD. For fibrotic lesions (LST-NG-PD and cecal lesions), it is necessary to consider early use of traction devices and advisable to plan a strategy for the use of traction devices.
Evaluation of a Social Media Campaign Designed to Increase Awareness of Thirdhand Smoke among California Adults

ABSTRACT Despite a growing body of research outlining the harms of thirdhand smoke (THS), the public remains generally unaware of risks and exposure routes. This project built on past tobacco prevention campaigns and the tenants of McGuire’s input-output model to implement and evaluate a seven-month Facebook-disseminated campaign seeking to improve THS awareness among California adults (n = 1087). Multilinear regression showed that THS-related knowledge (χ2 [6] = 19.31, p < .01), attitude (χ2 [6] = 13.88, p < .05), and efficacy (χ2 [6] = 13.81, p < .05) significantly increased by the campaign’s end, with messages highlighting children’s health (r = .110, p < .05), pets (r = .145, p < .01), and dust reservoirs (r = .144, p < .01) as the most persuasive. Path analysis modeling found campaign recall to be associated with changes in knowledge (β = .161, p < .01), which predicated attitude change (β = .614, p < .001) and, in turn, behavior change (β = .149, p < .05). Findings suggest social media campaigns should continue to educate diverse populations about new tobacco risks and that tobacco control advocates should consider integrating educational THS messages.
Early micro‐ and macrostructure of sensorimotor tracts and development of cerebral palsy in high risk infants

Infants born very preterm (VPT) are at high risk of motor impairments such as cerebral palsy (CP), and diagnosis can take 2 years. Identifying in vivo determinants of CP could facilitate presymptomatic detection and targeted intervention. Our objectives were to derive micro‐ and macrostructural measures of sensorimotor white matter tract integrity from diffusion MRI at term‐equivalent age, and determine their association with early diagnosis of CP. We enrolled 263 VPT infants (≤32 weeks gestational age) as part of a large prospective cohort study. Diffusion and structural MRI were acquired at term. Following consensus guidelines, we defined early diagnosis of CP based on abnormal structural MRI at term and abnormal neuromotor exam at 3–4 months corrected age. Using Constrained Spherical Deconvolution, we derived a white matter fiber orientation distribution (fOD) for subjects, performed probabilistic whole‐brain tractography, and segmented nine sensorimotor tracts of interest. We used the recently developed fixel‐based (FB) analysis to compute fiber density (FD), fiber‐bundle cross‐section (FC), and combined fiber density and cross‐section (FDC) for each tract. Of 223 VPT infants with high‐quality diffusion MRI data, 14 (6.3%) received an early diagnosis of CP. The cohort's mean (SD) gestational age was 29.4 (2.4) weeks and postmenstrual age at MRI scan was 42.8 (1.3) weeks. FD, FC, and FDC for each sensorimotor tract were significantly associated with early CP diagnosis, with and without adjustment for confounders. Measures of sensorimotor tract integrity enhance our understanding of white matter changes that antecede and potentially contribute to the development of CP in VPT infants.
Predicting Audiovisual Word Recognition in Noisy Situations: Toward Precision Audiology

Objective: Spoken communication is better when one can see as well as hear the talker. Although age-related deficits in speech perception were observed, Tye-Murray and colleagues found that even when age-related deficits in audiovisual (AV) speech perception were observed, AV performance could be accurately predicted from auditory-only (A-only) and visual-only (V-only) performance, and that knowing individuals’ ages did not increase the accuracy of prediction. This finding contradicts conventional wisdom, according to which age-related differences in AV speech perception are due to deficits in the integration of auditory and visual information, and our primary goal was to determine whether Tye-Murray et al.’s finding with a closed-set test generalizes to situations more like those in everyday life. A second goal was to test a new predictive model that has important implications for audiological assessment. Design: Participants (N = 109; ages 22–93 years), previously studied by Tye-Murray et al., were administered our new, open-set Lex-List test to assess their auditory, visual, and audiovisual perception of individual words. All testing was conducted in six-talker babble (three males and three females) presented at approximately 62 dB SPL. The level of the audio for the Lex-List items, when presented, was approximately 59 dB SPL because pilot testing suggested that this signal-to-noise ratio would avoid ceiling performance under the AV condition. Results: Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that A-only and V-only performance accounted for 87.9% of the variance in AV speech perception, and that the contribution of age failed to reach significance. Our new parabolic model accounted for even more (92.8%) of the variance in AV performance, and again, the contribution of age was not significant. Bayesian analyses revealed that for both linear and parabolic models, the present data were almost 10 times as likely to occur with a reduced model (without age) than with a full model (with age as a predictor). Furthermore, comparison of the two reduced models revealed that the data were more than 100 times as likely to occur with the parabolic model than with the linear regression model. Conclusions: The present results strongly support Tye-Murray et al.’s hypothesis that AV performance can be accurately predicted from unimodal performance and that knowing individuals’ ages does not increase the accuracy of that prediction. Our results represent an important initial step in extending Tye-Murray et al.’s findings to situations more like those encountered in everyday communication. The accuracy with which speech perception was predicted in this study foreshadows a form of precision audiology in which determining individual strengths and weaknesses in unimodal and multimodal speech perception facilitates identification of targets for rehabilitative efforts aimed at recovering and maintaining speech perception abilities critical to the quality of an older adult’s life.
Radiographic Graft Surveillance in Lung Transplantation: Prognostic Role of Parametric Response Mapping.

RATIONALE Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) results in significant morbidity following lung transplantation. Potential CLAD occurs when lung function declines to 80-90% of baseline. Better non-invasive tools to prognosticate at potential CLAD are needed. OBJECTIVES To determine if parametric response mapping (PRM), a CT voxel-wise methodology, applied to high resolution CT scans can identify patients at risk of progression to CLAD or death. METHODS Radiographic features and PRM-based CT metrics quantifying functional small airways disease (PRMfSAD) and parenchymal disease (PRMPD) were studied at potential CLAD (n=61). High PRMfSAD and high PRMPD were defined as ≥ 30%. Restricted mean modeling was performed to compare CLAD-free survival among groups. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS PRM metrics identified 3 unique signatures: high PRMfSAD (11.5%), high PRMPD (41%) and neither (PRMNormal; 47.5%). Patients with high PRMfSAD or PRMPD had shorter CLAD-free median survival times (0.46 years and 0.50 years) compared to patients with predominantly PRMNormal (2.03 years; p=0.004 and 0.007 compared to PRMfSAD and PRMPD groups, respectively). In multivariate modeling adjusting for single versus double lung transplant, age at transplant, BMI at potential CLAD, and time from transplant to CT, PRMfSAD or PRMPD ≥ 30% continue to be statistically significant predictors of shorter CLAD-free survival. Air trapping by radiologist interpretation was common (66%), similar across PRM groups, and was not predictive of CLAD-free survival. Ground glass opacities by radiologist read occurred in 16% of cases and was associated with decreased CLAD-free survival (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS PRM analysis offers valuable prognostic information at potential CLAD, identifying patients most at risk of developing CLAD or death.
Percutaneous Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation in Trigeminal Neuralgia : Analysis of Early and Late Outcomes of 156 Cases and 209 Interventions

Objective Trigeminal neuralgia is one of the most common causes of facial pain. Our aim is to investigate the efficacy and borders of percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Methods Between May 2007 and April 2017, 156 patients with trigeminal neuralgia were treated with radiofrequency thermocoagulation. These 156 patients underwent 209 procedures. In our study, we investigated the early and late results of percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation under guiding fluoroscopic imaging in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) pain scale was used for grading the early results. In addition, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess long-term outcomes. Of the 156 patients who underwent radiofrequency thermocoagulation for trigeminal neuralgia, 45 had additional disease. Patients with this condition were evaluated with their comorbidities. Early and late results were compared with those without comorbidity. Results In 193 of 209 interventions BNI pain scale I to III results were obtained. Out of the 193 successful operation 136 patients (65.07%) were discharged as BNI I, 14 (6.70%) as BNI II, 43 (20.58%) as BNI III. Sixteen patients (7.65%) remained uncontrolled (BNI IV and V). While the treatment results of trigeminal neuralgia patients with comorbidity seem more successful in the early period, this difference was not observed in follow-up examinations. Conclusion Finally, we concluded that percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation of the Gasserian ganglion is a safe and effective method in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. However, over time, the effectiveness of the treatment decreases. Neverthless, the reapprability of this intervention gives it a distinct advantage.
Evaluation of the Attitudes of Midwifery Students Towards Gender Roles

ABSTRACT Gender is the whole of behaviors, responsibilities, and roles that society expects from women and men. This study was conducted to evaluate the attitudes of midwifery students studying at a university toward gender roles. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study. This study was conducted at a public university in Istanbul between March and June 2015. The study was completed with 213 midwifery students. During the planning stage of the study, written consent was obtained from the ethics committee and the institution from which the data would be obtained. The “Personal Information Form” and the “Gender Roles Attitude Scale – GRAS” were used in the data collection. SPSS 21 package program was used in the data analysis. It was determined that the age average of the students included in the study was 19.85 ± 1.54 years, 33.3% of them graduated from a Private High School/Anatolian High School, and 38% of them studied in the first grade. The total score obtained by students from the Gender Role Attitudes Scale was 153.48 ± 17.44, and it was found out that they had an egalitarian attitude. It is observed that students who have graduated from a Private/an Anatolian High School have a higher level of scores on the attitude toward gender than those who have graduated from other high school types. It can be stated that midwifery students have an egalitarian attitude toward gender roles and that the education they receive has a positive effect on the egalitarian attitude.
Iron exchanged natural mordenite: UV-Vis diffuse reflectance and Mössbauer spectroscopy characterisation

Purified natural mordenite (ZP) from Palmarito de Cauto deposit, Cuba, was modified with Fe2+ and Fe3+cations through ion-exchange in acid medium and characterised by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance, FTIR and Mossbauer spectroscopies. Fe2+ exchange is less favoured than Fe3+ exchange, which may be due to higher Fe3+ valence. In the Fe2+ exchanged samples, Fe2+ZP, all incorporated Fe2+ is found in octahedral coordination and it should be mainly in cationic extra-framework positions inside mordenite channels as a charge compensating cation. In the case of the Fe3+ exchanged samples, Fe3+ZP, the incorporated Fe3+ is present in both octahedral and tetrahedral coordination and it can be in both cationic extra-frameworks positions as a charge compensating cation and in form of oxy-hydroxides originated by Fe3+ hydrolysis.
Mental Health Correlates of Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Probable Alcohol Use Disorder, and Their Co-Occurrence among Firefighters

Firefighters demonstrate high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Research has yet to compare how these diagnoses and their co-occurrence relate to firefighter mental health. This study evaluated trauma load, PTSD, alcohol use, depression, sleep, suicide risk, anger, and occupational stress across four discrete groups of firefighters (N = 660): (1) trauma-exposed only (n = 471), (2) probable PTSD-only (n = 36), (3) probable AUD-only (n = 125), and (4) probable PTSD-AUD (n = 28). Firefighters completed an online survey. Firefighters with probable PTSD-AUD demonstrated higher scores on all criterion variables, except trauma load, compared to firefighters with probable AUD-only or trauma-only. Firefighters with probable PTSD-AUD and probable PTSD-only reported similar levels of all indices, except alcohol use severity and suicide risk, which were higher among the probable PTSD-AUD group. Results provide preliminary empirical evidence of the deleterious impact of PTSD-AUD comorbidity among firefighters.
Unsteady forced bioconvection slip flow of a micropolar nanofluid from a stretching/shrinking sheet

The unsteady forced bioconvection boundary layer flow of a viscous incompressible micropolar nanofluid containing microorganisms over a stretching/shrinking sheet is studied numerically. A mathematical model, with the aid of appropriate transformations, is presented. The transformed non-linear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth- to fifth-order numerical method. The effect of the governing parameters on the dimensionless velocity, micro-rotation, temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction and microorganism as well as the local skin friction coefficient, the heat transfer rate and microorganisms transfer rate is thoroughly examined. The findings show that the value of skin friction and Nusselt number are decreased and microorganism number is increased as velocity slip, thermal slip and microorganism slip parameter are increased, respectively. Results from this investigation were compared with previous investigations demonstrating very good correlation. The present results are relevant to improving the performance of microbial fuel cells deploying nanofluids.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of 32 pharmacological interventions recommended by guidelines for coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and network meta-analysis combining 66 trials

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Background: The global pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major public health problem and presents an unprecedented challenge. However, no specific drugs were currently proven. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/SARS-CoV. Random-effects network meta-analysis within the Bayesian framework was performed, followed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system assessing the quality of evidence. The primary outcome of interest includes mortality, cure, viral negative conversion, and overall adverse events (OAEs). Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated as the measure of effect size. Results: Sixty-six RCTs with 19,095 patients were included, involving standard of care (SOC), eight different antiviral agents, six different antibiotics, high and low dose chloroquine (CQ_HD, CQ_LD), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), corticosteroids (COR), and other treatments. Compared with SOC, a significant reduction of mortality was observed for TCM (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.20–0.56, moderate quality) and COR (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75–0.96, low quality) with improved cure rate (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.60–2.91, low quality for TCM; OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05–1.30, low quality for COR). However, an increased risk of mortality was found for CQ_HD vs. SOC (OR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.18–8.73, low quality). TCM was associated with decreased risk of OAE (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.38–0.70, very low quality) but CQ_HD (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.20–5.24) and interferons (IFN) (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.02–7.08) vs. SOC with very low quality were associated with an increased risk. Conclusions: COR and TCM may reduce mortality and increase cure rate with no increased risk of OAEs compared with standard care. CQ_HD might increase the risk of mortality. CQ, IFN, and other antiviral agents could increase the risk of OAEs. The current evidence is generally uncertain with low-quality and further high-quality trials are needed.