Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Application of Fuzzy Clustering Number Algorithm in Network Intrusion Detection

In view of the defects of K-means algorithm in intrusion detection: the need of preassign cluster number and sensitive initial center and easy to fall into local optimum, this paper puts forward a fuzzy clustering algorithm. The fuzzy rules are utilized to express the invasion features, and standardized matrix is adopted to further process so as to reflect the approximation degree or correlation degree between the invasion indicator data and establish a similarity matrix. The simulation results of KDD CUP1999 data set show that the algorithm has better intrusion detection effect and can effectively detect the network intrusion data.
Fluid–structure coupling mechanism and its aerodynamic effect on membrane aerofoils

Fluid–structure interactions of elastic membrane aerofoils are investigated at Reynolds number $Re=10\,000$ and low angle of attack. The dynamics of the fluid and membrane coupled system are solved using direct numerical simulation (DNS), where the geometry and boundary conditions were applied using a boundary data immersion method. Although membrane aerofoils improve the aerodynamic performance close to stall conditions compared to rigid aerofoils, it has previously been found that membrane aerofoils show lower aerodynamic efficiency at low angles of attack. This study focuses on the coupling mechanism at an angle of attack of 8 degrees, which is below the stall angle. The dynamic behaviour of the coupled system was characterised via spectral analysis in the wavenumber and frequency domain, which allowed the propagating wave nature of the membrane vibrations and their effect on the surrounding pressure field to be clarified. The membrane vibrations are found to introduce upstream-propagating pressure waves that appear to be responsible for a loss in aerodynamic efficiency compared to a rigid aerofoil. Comparison of two- and three-dimensional results reveals that the three-dimensional flow development causes a decrease in the amplitude of the system fluctuations, but the same coupling mechanism is present.
Development and Model Application of a Surface-Site-Based Parametrization Framework for Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation

The data base from 11 years of AIDA cloud chamber experiments was used to develop a comprehensive parameterization framework for heterogeneous ice formation. The framework uses the Ice Nucleation Active Surface Site (INAS-) density approach to describe the ice nucleation efficiency for desert dust and soot above and below water saturation. Furthermore, the framework was implemented in the COSMO-ART model and tested for a synoptic cirrus cloud over Texas, U.S. Within this case study, the model results were compared to aircraft measurements of the MACPEX campaign.
Measurements of Secondary Losses in a Turbine Cascade With the Implementation of Non-Axisymmetric Endwall Contouring

An approach to endwall contouring has been developed with the goal of reducing secondary losses in highly loaded axial turbo-machinery. The present paper describes an experimental assessment of the performance of the contouring approach implemented in a low speed linear cascade test facility. The study examines the secondary flows of a cascade composed of Pratt and Whitney PAKB airfoils. This airfoil has been used extensively in low pressure turbine research and the present work adds intra-passage pressure and velocity measurements to the existing database. The cascade was tested at design incidence and at an inlet Reynolds number of 126,000 based on inlet midspan velocity and axial chord. Quantitative results include seven hole pneumatic probe pressure measurements downstream of the cascade to assess blade row losses, and detailed seven hole probe measurements within the blade passage to track the progression of flow structures. Qualitative results take the form of oil surface flow visualization on the endwall and blade suction surface. The application of endwall contouring resulted in lower secondary losses and caused a reduction in secondary kinetic energy associated with pitchwise flow near the endwall and spanwise flow up the suction surface within the blade passage. The mechanism of loss reduction is discussed in regards to the reduction of secondary kinetic energy.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
New Insight on Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity

e investment-cash ow sensitivity (ICFS) of Chinese listed rms declined during the global nancial crisis, which contradicts the conventional nancial constraint interpretation of ICFS . We analyze this interesting phenomenon by examining how cash ow uncertainty aects the ways to nance investment in China. We nd that ICFS reveals not only the information between investment and cash ow but also the relationship between internal funds and external nancing. When internal funds and external nancing are complements, cash ow uncertainty decreases ICFS much more than when internal funds and external nancing are substitutes. Our results remain robust when we consider the problem of endogeneity and use alternative measures of key variables. Our story is also supported by the sample of US rms, indicating that our new interpretation of ICFS based on cash ow uncertainty and the relationship between internal funds and external nancing can apply to the general literature of corporate nance. JEL Classication: E22; G31; O16
Determinants of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Family Planning Among Women in Raub, Pahang, Malaysia

Introduction: Family planning (FP) is a method to prevent unwanted pregnancies among couples. More than 200 million women in the developing nation do not want pregnancy but do not practically use modern methods of FP. Women’s knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) play a crucial role in using FP’s is a form of practice. This study explored the determinants of KAP towards FP among women in Raub, Pahang, Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 249 women with a convenience sampling method. Data was collected using a pilot-tested self-administered questionnaire. Results: Age, ethnicity, religion, marital status, employment status, annual income, education level, and the number of children were significantly correlated (p = 0.001 – 0.019) with the KAP of FP. Conclusion: The study demonstrated a need for health education campaigns and utilise every interaction of women with healthcare providers to disseminate information on FP and dispel misconceptions. Interventional studies are recommended for further exploration.
Light-Induced Changes in Secondary Metabolite Production of Trichoderma atroviride

Many studies aim at maximizing fungal secondary metabolite production but the influence of light during cultivation has often been neglected. Here, we combined an untargeted isotope-assisted liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach with standardized cultivation of Trichoderma atroviride under three defined light regimes (darkness (PD), reduced light (RL) exposure, and 12/12 h light/dark cycle (LD)) to systematically determine the effect of light on secondary metabolite production. Comparative analyses revealed a similar metabolite profile upon cultivation in PD and RL, whereas LD treatment had an inhibiting effect on both the number and abundance of metabolites. Additionally, the spatial distribution of the detected metabolites for PD and RL was analyzed. From the more than 500 detected metabolites, only 25 were exclusively produced upon fungal growth in darkness and 85 were significantly more abundant in darkness. The majority were detected under both cultivation conditions and annotation revealed a cluster of substances whose production followed the pattern observed for the well-known T. atroviride metabolite 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone. We conclude that cultivation of T. atroviride under RL can be used to maximize secondary metabolite production.
First- and Second-Order Consensus with Constant Uniform Delays

This paper analyzes first- and second-order consensus protocols subject to constant uniform delays, when these are applied to single and double integrator agents interacting over a directed network. The goal is to derive explicit bounds on the coupling gains of these protocols such that consensus is achieved in the presence of delays, and consequently enable designing these gains in a structured manner. To that end, the consensus protocols are first analyzed using frequency domain tools, and a necessary and sufficient bound on the coupling gain of the first-order protocol is derived by inverting a bound on the delay. However, that approach does not readily provide bounds on the coupling gains such that consensus is achieved for the second-order case. Instead, the Padé approximation of the delay is used to derive sufficient bounds on the coupling gains for that case, which is the main contribution of the paper.
Guillain-Bark Syndrome and Other Neurological Disorders

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) was used to determine precipitating antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae retrospectively in sera from 100 patients with Guillain-BarrC syndrome (GBS), 125 medical and neurological controls, and 40 normal individuals. Sera from 7 patients produced precipitin lines. These positive cases included 5 patients with GBS, 1 with acute cerebellar ataxia, and 1 with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. A complement-fixation test performed with the same antigen showed titers to M. pneamoniae of 1:512 or greater in these 7 sera. I n contrast, sera from other patient controls and normal individuals were negative by CIEP and had only low mycoplasma complement-fixation antibody titers. No distinguishing clinical features separated the 5 seropositive GBS patients from the whole group except for their young age, which parallels that for human mycoplasma infection in general. Additional laboratory findings consistent with acute mycoplasma infection were demonstrated in 6 of the 7 seropositive patients.
Snapshot of Photovoltaics (cid:1) May 2023

In 2022 the cumulative installed photovoltaic electricity generation capacity increased to over 1 TW, 10 years after it reached the 100 GW level in 2012. In 2022, overall investment in renewable energy has increased by 16% to USD 499 billion compared to USD 953 billion for fossil fuels, which saw an increase of 6%. Investments in solar photovoltaics accounted for USD 301.5 billion or 60% of the renewable energy investments. The annual installations of solar photovoltaic electricity generation systems increased by about 40% to over 230 GWp in 2022. Compared to 2021, the number of countries which installed 1 GWp/year or more has increased by almost 80% to 32. Despite the increase in hardware costs for solar photovoltaic systems and battery storage, both markets had a strong growth, driven by the soaring energy prices in 2022. The increase of the levelised costs for solar photovoltaic electricity was well below the increase of electricity generated with fossil fuels. The electri ﬁ cation of heating, transport and industry will create additional demand for renewable electricity, including solar, if we want to stay on track for not more than 1.5 ° C global temperature increase.
Implementation of Project-Based Learning in the Pandemic COVID-19 at Kindergarten

ThepurposeofthisstudywastodescribetheimplementationofProject Based Learning during the pandemic at Telkom Makassar Kindergarten. The type of research used is descriptive research. The research subjects in this study were two teachers of Telkom Makassar Kindergarten. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation with data analysis techniques, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that the implementation of Project Based Learning during the pandemic was carried out through craft project activities for market day carried out by teachers, namely startingwiththestagesofpresentingproblems,makingplans,arrangingschedules, monitoringprojectcreation,conductingassessments,andconductingevaluations. Whentheprojectlearningactivitiesbegin,studentsfollowtheinstructionsgiven bytheteacherwithenthusiasm.Project-basedlearningisateachingandlearning processthatinvolvesstudentsworkingonaprojecttosolveaproblem,andthe learningprocessforearlychildhoodcansolveproblemssothatchildrenarehelped andbecomeskilledinsolvingvariousthings.Childrencanalsomakedecisions tosolveproblems.Getknowledgeandinformationthroughtheteachersothat childrencanbeinterestedandinterestedinprojectlearning.Itisrecommended toapplyProject-basedlearninginthelearningprocessduringthepandemicand thenewnormalbecauseitcancreateinnovative,creative,andfunlearningfor children so that children remain happy and have good learning motivation.
Oleocanthal Ameliorates Metabolic and Behavioral Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Aging is a major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD mouse models are frequently used to assess pathology, behavior, and memory in AD research. While the pathological characteristics of AD are well established, our understanding of the changes in the metabolic phenotypes with age and pathology is limited. In this work, we used the Promethion cage systems® to monitor changes in physiological metabolic and behavioral parameters with age and pathology in wild-type and 5xFAD mouse models. Then, we assessed whether these parameters could be altered by treatment with oleocanthal, a phenolic compound with neuroprotective properties. Findings demonstrated metabolic parameters such as body weight, food and water intake, energy expenditure, dehydration, and respiratory exchange rate, and the behavioral parameters of sleep patterns and anxiety-like behavior are altered by age and pathology. However, the effect of pathology on these parameters was significantly greater than normal aging, which could be linked to amyloid-β deposition and blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. In addition, and for the first time, our findings suggest an inverse correlation between sleep hours and BBB breakdown. Treatment with oleocanthal improved the assessed parameters and reduced anxiety-like behavior symptoms and sleep disturbances. In conclusion, aging and AD are associated with metabolism and behavior changes, with the changes being greater with the latter, which were rectified by oleocanthal. In addition, our findings suggest that monitoring changes in metabolic and behavioral phenotypes could provide a valuable tool to assess disease severity and treatment efficacy in AD mouse models.
Solar flares, coronal mass ejections and solar energetic particle event characteristics

A new catalogue of 314 solar energetic particle (SEP) events extending over a large time span from 1984 to 2013 has been compiled. The properties as well as the associations of these SEP events with their parent solar sources have been thoroughly examined. The properties of the events include the proton peak integral flux and the fluence for energies above 10, 30, 60 and 100 MeV. The associated solar events were parametrized by solar flare (SF) and coronal mass ejection (CME) characteristics, as well as related radio emissions. In particular, for SFs: the soft X-ray (SXR) peak flux, the SXR fluence, the heliographic location, the rise time and the duration were exploited; for CMEs the plane-of-sky velocity as well as the angular width were utilized. For radio emissions, type III, II and IV radio bursts were identified. Furthermore, we utilized element abundances of Fe and O. We found evidence that most of the SEP events in our catalogue do not conform to a simple two-class paradigm, with the 73% of them exhibiting both type III and type II radio bursts, and that a continuum of event properties is present. Although, the so-called hybrid or mixed events are found to be present in our catalogue, it was not possible to attribute each SEP event to a mixed/hybrid sub-category. Moreover, it appears that the start of the type III burst most often precedes the maximum of the SF and thus falls within the impulsive phase of the associated SF. At the same time, type III bursts take place within ≈5.22 min, on average, in advance from the time of maximum of the derivative of the SXR flux (Neupert effect ). We further performed a statistical analysis and a mapping of the logarithm of the proton peak flux at E > 10 MeV, on different pairs of the parent solar source characteristics. This revealed correlations in 3-D space and demonstrated that the gradual SEP events that stem from the central part of the visible solar disk constitute a significant radiation risk. The velocity of the associated CMEs, as well as the SXR peak flux and fluence, are all fairly significantly correlated to both the proton peak flux and the fluence of the SEP events in our catalogue. The strongest correlation to SEP characteristics is manifested by the CME velocity.
Nonequilibrium approach regarding metals from a linearised kappa distribution

The widely used kappa distribution functions develop high-energy tails through an adjustable kappa parameter. The aim of this work is to show that such a parameter can itself be regarded as a function, which entangles information about the sources of disequilibrium. We first derive and analyse an expanded Fermi–Dirac kappa distribution. Later, we use this expanded form to obtain an explicit analytical expression for the kappa parameter of a heated metal on which an external electric field is applied. We show that such a kappa index causes departures from equilibrium depending on the physical magnitudes. Finally, we study the role of temperature and electric field on such a parameter, which characterises the electron population of a metal out of equilibrium.
Nanotechnology for Dentistry: Prospects and Applications

In the XXI century, application of nanostructures in oral medicine has become common. In oral medicine, using nanostructures for the treatment of dental caries constitutes a great challenge. There are extensive studies on the implementation of nanomaterials to dental composites in order to improve their properties, e.g., their adhesive strength. Moreover, nanostructures are helpful in dental implant applications as well as in maxillofacial surgery for accelerated healing, promoting osseointegration, and others. Dental personal care products are an important part of oral medicine where nanomaterials are increasingly used, e.g., toothpaste for hypersensitivity. Nowadays, nanoparticles such as macrocycles are used in different formulations for early cancer diagnosis in the oral area. Cancer of the oral cavity—human squamous carcinoma—is the sixth leading cause of death. Detection in the early stage offers the best chance at total cure. Along with diagnosis, macrocycles are used for photodynamic mechanism-based treatments, which possess many advantages, such as protecting healthy tissues and producing good cosmetic results. Application of nanostructures in medicine carries potential risks, like long-term influence of toxicity on body, which need to be studied further. The introduction and development of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials are no longer part of a hypothetical future, but an increasingly important element of today’s medicine.
Financial Performance and Some Factors that Influence: An Empirical Study on Manufacturing Company

Financial performance is a complex matter and it cannot be separated from the efficiency of the company's activities. Regarding to the statement, the purpose of this study is to find out empirically how the influence of leverage, firm size, firm age, and cash flow on financial performance of manufacturing companies in the non-cyclical consumption sector period 2017-2020. The sample collection method used is judgement sampling with 31 manufacturing companies and 124 total observations of manufacturing companies data. This research uses EViews version 12.0 as a data processing software. This study shows results that cash flow have a positive effect on financial performance, but leverage, firm size, and firm age have no effect on financial performance.
Long-Term Survival among Octogenarians Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement with or without Simultaneous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A 22-Year Tertiary Single-Center Experience

Background: The impact of concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on aortic valve replacement (AVR) in octogenarians is still debated. We analyzed the characteristics and long-term survival of octogenarians undergoing isolated AVR and AVR + CABG. Methods: All octogenarians who consecutively underwent AVR with or without concomitant CABG at our tertiary cardiac center between 2000 and 2022 were included. Patients with redo, emergent, or any other concomitant procedures were excluded. The primary endpoints were 30-day and long-term survival. The secondary endpoints were early postoperative outcomes and determinants of long-term survival. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of 30-day mortality, and Cox regression analysis was performed for predictors of adverse long-term survival. Results: A total of 1011 patients who underwent AVR (83.0 [81.0–85.0] years, 42.0% males) and 1055 with AVR + CABG (83.0 [81.2–85.4] years, 66.1% males) were included in our study. Survival at 30 days and at 1, 3, and 5 years in the AVR group was 97.9%, 91.5%, 80.5%, and 66.2%, respectively, while in the AVR + CABG group it was 96.2%, 89.6%, 77.7%, and 64.7%, respectively. There was no significant difference in median postoperative survival between the AVR and AVR + CABG groups (7.1 years [IQR: 6.7–7.5] vs. 6.6 years [IQR: 6.3–7.2], respectively, p = 0.21). Significant predictors of adverse long-term survival in the AVR group included age (hazard ratio (HR): 1.09; 95% CI: 1.06–1.12, p < 0.001), previous MI (HR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.32–3.28, p = 0.002), and chronic kidney disease (HR 2.07; 95% CI: 1.33–3.23, p = 0.001), while in the AVR + CABG group they included age (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.04–1.10, p < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.15–1.89, p = 0.002). Concomitant CABG was not an independent risk factor for adverse long-term survival (HR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.77–1.02, p = 0.09). Conclusions: The long-term survival of octogenarians who underwent AVR or AVR + CABG was similar and was not affected by adding concomitant CABG. However, octogenarians who underwent concomitant CABG with AVR had significantly higher in-hospital mortality. Each decision should be discussed within the heart team.
The Effect of Audit Committee Meetings, Profitability, and Foreign Ownership on Intellectual Capital

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the factors that affect intellectual capital in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2019-2021. The number of companies as the research sample was 34 manufacturing companies which were selected through purposive sampling technique with predetermined criteria. Intellectual capital is measured by Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) taking into account VACA, VAHU, STVA. Panel data were processed using Eviews 12.0. Classical assumption testing includes multicollinearity test and heteroscedasticity test. Model selection is done by testing Chow, Hausman and Lagrange Multiplier. While the hypothesis test using the t test and the coefficient of determination test. The results of the analysis show that the audit committee frequency of meetings has a negative and insignificant effect on intellectual capital, Profitability as proxied by Return on Assets (ROA) has a positive and significant effect on intellectual capital, and Foreign ownership has a positive and significant effect on intellectual capital,