Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen supply and shading affect morphology and composition of the essential oil in marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)

Abstract Terrestrial plants are constantly exposed to multiple environmental signals that influence their metabolism. Among these signals, nitrogen (N) nutrition and light affect importantly diverse metabolic and physiological processes. Herewith the effects of N nutrition (8.47, 12.71 and 16.94 mg · L−1 N) and shading percentages (0 and 70%) on plant morphology and chemical composition of the essential oil of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) ‘Inca’ were assessed. Increasing N levels enhanced the number of secondary branches and the flower diameter, while shading reduced height of side branches, number of primary branches and opened flower buds. In leaves, flowers and stems, 15 different compounds were identified. In leaves, low and medium N levels and high light level increased the synthesis of ocimene, limonene and piperitone. As well, medium and high N doses, independently of the light level, stimulated the synthesis of caryophyllene and β-phellandrene in leaves. Nevertheless, increasing N doses and shading level decreased the synthesis of β-myrcene and α-pinene in leaves. In flowers, medium N level and high light intensity increased the synthesis of trans-pinene. Piperitone and verbenone were identified only in flowers of plants with high N doses and lower light intensity. In the stems, caryophyllene, piperitone and β-farnesene were more abundant with medium and high N levels. The interaction of study factors differentially affected both morphological variables and the composition of essential oil among organs studied. Therefore, N nutrition and light intensity are key factors that modify the morphology and composition of the essential oil in T. erecta.
Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions of (4-bromophenyl)-4,6-dichloropyrimidine through Commercially Available Palladium Catalyst: Synthesis, Optimization and Their Structural Aspects Identification through Computational Studies

5-(4-bromophenyl)-4,6-dichloropyrimidine was arylated with several aryl/heteroaryl boronic acids via the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction by using Pd(0) catalyst to yield novel pyrimidine analogs (3a-h). It was optimized so that good yields were obtained when 5 mol % Pd(PPh3)4 was used along with K3PO4 and 1,4-Dioxane. Electron-rich boronic acids were succeeded to produce good yields of products. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also applied on these new compounds to analyze their reactivity descriptors and electronic and structural relationship. According to DFT studies, compound 3f is the most reactive one, while 3g is the most stable one. As per DFT studies, the hyperpolarizability (β) values of these compounds do not show them as very good non-linear optical (NLO) materials. Compound 3f has the highest β value among all the compounds under study but still it is not high enough to render it a potent NLO material.
How is COVID-19 Experience Transforming Sustainability Requirements of Residential Buildings? A Review

The COVID-19 pandemic is bringing about changes, and alongside these, we can alter the way we design our living spaces. The need for a healthy and comfortable living space is essential to mental and physical well-being. The present study covers the most up-to-date documents, including peer-reviewed papers, blog posts, news, journal articles, and expert opinions, to critically review lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluates the expected changes in sustainability requirements of residential buildings. Health and safety, environment, and comfort are the three main aspects of residential buildings that have been tested during quarantines and are also expected to experience major transformations toward sustainability. Residential houses should provide certain health and safety protective measures to their occupants, such as the application of new touchless technologies, having proper sanitation to diminish the probability of getting infected, and developing greener and more intimate spaces that can help recover and improve mental states. Our findings address the need to reconsider sustainability requirements for residential buildings, which will provide adequate health and safety and comfort with no significant harm to the environment.
Assessment of the impacts of the consumers’ awareness of organic food on consumption behavior

Consumer demand for organic foods has increased significantly in recent years in the world. Consumers are influenced by various internal/external factors when purchasing food products. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of knowledge variable on consumers’ purchasing or consuming behavior for organic foods together with other factors in Turkey (Hatay City). For this purpose, the effects of consumers’ organic product knowledge levels are examined within the frame of Theory of Planned Behavior. The data of 431 consumers analyzed in the model were collected in 2017 with a 21 scale questionnaire and analyzed with Structural Equation Model. According to the results of the model analysis, a significant part of the variance in consumers’ organic food demand (61%) was explained by the organic food knowledge variable. Reducing consumption obstacles, along with efforts to increase the organic food knowledge of consumers, will increase organic demand. While trying to increase the supply of organic products especially in regions where consumers are concentrated, the food production sector should also focus on informing, raising awareness and promoting. The actual buying behavior in organic food products should be examined in more detail in terms of motivation sources and obstacles.
Proteolytic volatile compounds in milk and cheese of cows fed dried olive pomace supplementation

Flavour is a sensory characteristic that may affect dairy products quality and acceptability. Several factors such as species, diet, management and environment strongly influence the aromatic profile of raw milk (Moio et al., 1993a; Bergamaschi et al., 2015) and related cheese (Povolo et al., 2007). In addition, cheese flavour depends on milk treatment (i.e., pasteurisation and homogenisation), starter bacteria, cheese manufacture and ripening length and conditions (Murtaza et al., 2014). Conversion of lactose and citrate, lipolysis and proteolysis are the main chemical and biochemical processes involved in the development of aroma in dairy products. Among these processes, proteolysis of caseins is an important biochemical pathway responsible for the formation of flavour and texture in hardand semi hard-type cheeses (van Kranenburg et al., 2002). During ripening, proteolysis is performed ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of dried olive pomace (DOP) on proteolytic volatile compounds in raw milk and pasteurised milk cheese. Two groups of lactating cows (20 animals in each) were randomly assigned to isoenergetic and isoproteic treatments provided as control mixed ration (CON) and as CON with addition of 2 kg of DOP/day/animal (EXP). DOP partially replaced maize silage, alfalfa hay, sunflower and wheat. After 60 days of feeding, raw bulk milk was collected, sampled, pasteurised and used to produce cheese that was sampled at days 1, 7 and 30 of maturation. Samples were analysed by solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and data were expressed considering the relative peak area. In raw milk the phenyl-acetaldehyde and 2-phenylethyl alcohol, the only detected phenylalanine catabolites, were increased by dietary treatment by 61.9 and 235%, respectively (P < 0.01). In CON and EXP cheeses the compounds derived from phenylalanine, leucine and methionine catabolism were present being generally higher in EXP cheese during ripening time. In particular, among the volatile compounds, the contents of which were higher, were: the phenylacetaldehyde – 32.6% and 34% higher at days 7 and 30 (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively); the 2-phenylethyl alcohol – 229% higher at day 7 (P < 0.001), the 3-methyl-1-butanol – 299% and 59.1% higher at days 7 and 30 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively), the isoamyl butyrate – 58.2% higher at day 30 (P < 0.05) and the isoamyl isopentanoate – 290% and 60.1% higher at days 7 and 30 (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). Dietary DOP addition may affect aroma of dairy products, however the sensory evaluation panel test is needed to complete the feedback supporting industry choices. Received: 25 October 2017 Revised: 7 September 2018 Accepted: 19 November 2018
RUESVMs: An Ensemble Method to Handle the Class Imbalance Problem in Land Cover Mapping Using Google Earth Engine

Timely and accurate Land Cover (LC) information is required for various applications, such as climate change analysis and sustainable development. Although machine learning algorithms are most likely successful in LC mapping tasks, the class imbalance problem is known as a common challenge in this regard. This problem occurs during the training phase and reduces classification accuracy for infrequent and rare LC classes. To address this issue, this study proposes a new method by integrating random under-sampling of majority classes and an ensemble of Support Vector Machines, namely Random Under-sampling Ensemble of Support Vector Machines (RUESVMs). The performance of RUESVMs for LC classification was evaluated in Google Earth Engine (GEE) over two different case studies using Sentinel-2 time-series data and five well-known spectral indices, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). The performance of RUESVMs was also compared with the traditional SVM and combination of SVM with three benchmark data balancing techniques namely the Random Over-Sampling (ROS), Random Under-Sampling (RUS), and Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). It was observed that the proposed method considerably improved the accuracy of LC classification, especially for the minority classes. After adopting RUESVMs, the overall accuracy of the generated LC map increased by approximately 4.95 percentage points, and this amount for the geometric mean of producer’s accuracies was almost 3.75 percentage points, in comparison to the most accurate data balancing method (i.e., SVM-SMOTE). Regarding the geometric mean of users’ accuracies, RUESVMs also outperformed the SVM-SMOTE method with an average increase of 6.45 percentage points.
The Full Transfer/Full Access model and L3 cognitive states

This paper offers an overview of current models of third language (L3) acquisition, classifying each as a Wholesale Transfer model or as a Piecemeal Transfer model. We discuss what we consider to be some conceptual and empirical problems for the Piecemeal Transfer approaches and then discuss some advantages we see in Wholesale Transfer. Next, we home in on Wholesale Transfer models, arguing that one of them in particular seems to us to be the most promising, viz., the Typological Primacy Model (TPM – e.g., Rothman, 2011, 2015). Finally, we take up some open questions associated with the TPM and suggest some possible directions for future L3 research.
Overview of catch history, historic abundance and distribution of right whales in the western North Atlantic and in Cintra Bay, West Africa

The catch history of the North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in the western North Atlantic has been studied in a series ofprojects. Data from European archives on early Basque whaling, centred in the Strait of Belle Isle, showed that there were at least a fewthousand right whales in the northern part of the range in the sixteenth century. Data from shore whaling in the eastern United Statessupplemented by British customs data indicated that there were still more than a thousand right whales in the southern part of the range(i.e. south from Nova Scotia) in the late seventeenth century. Right whales were depleted throughout the western North Atlantic by themiddle of the eighteenth century, but small shore whaling enterprises persisted in some areas and pelagic whalers continued to kill rightwhales opportunistically. An increase in alongshore whaling occurred at Long Island (New York) beginning in the 1850s and in North andSouth Carolina, Georgia and northern Florida in the 1870s-1880s. By the start of the twentieth century only a few crews of shore whalersremained active in Long Island and North Carolina, and their whaling efforts were desultory. All evidence points to stock depletion as theprimary reason for the demise of organised whaling for right whales in eastern North America. Recent sightings indicate that some rightwhales travel from the Bay of Fundy and Scotian Shelf far to the north and east, at least occasionally reaching the historic Cape FarewellGround. Areas known to have been used regularly by right whales in the past (e.g. Gulf of St Lawrence, Delaware Bay) are now visitedseasonally by only a few individuals. Recent surveys of Cintra Bay, a historic right whale wintering ground in the eastern North Atlantic,provided no evidence of continued use by right whales.
PENDAMPINGAN DAN PENERAPAN STRATEGI DIGITAL MARKETING BAGI UMKM TERDAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19

Pandemi covid-19 menyebar hampir seluruh dunia tidak terkecuali indonesia, pandemi tersebut memberikan dampak yang luar biasa bagi semua sektor tidak terkecuali sektor UMKM. Sektor UMKM mempunyai kontribusi yang besar terhadap produk domestik bruto (PDB). Pandemi covid-19 telah memberikan dampak yang sangat negatif bagi UMKM, pada saat ini UMKM kesulitan dalam memasarkan produk-produknya karena adanya kebjikana social distance. Pada saat ini pemasaran UMKM hanya melalui cara konvensional, pada pelaku UMKM juga belum menerapakan pemasaran secara digital karena keterbatasan pengetahuan pada pelaku UMKM. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah mendampingi dan menerapkan Digital Marketing Strategi sehingga para pelaku UMKM dapat menerapkan strategi Digital Marketing dalam menjual produknya. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah bertambahnya pengetahuan tentang strategi Digital Marketing dan juga dapat membuat konten marketing.
Surface Nanohardness of Normal and Fluorosed Enamel Adjacent to Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Study and Polarized Light Microscopy Analysis.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE To evaluate nanohardness of normal and fluorosed enamel in teeth restored with Cention N (CN), Equia forte (EF), glass ionomer cement (GIC), and resin composite using the nanoindentation test. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty freshly extracted human premolars were selected. Standardized cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of normal (40) and fluorosed (40) teeth. Based on the type of the restorative material, the teeth were subgrouped into (n = 10): CN, EF, Type VIII GIC, and Tetric N-Ceram (TNC). The teeth were subjected to pH cycle (progressive caries test), which consisted of alternative demineralization (18 hours) and remineralization with artificial saliva (6 hours) for 3 consecutive days. Surface nanohardness was determined using a nanoindenter at distances of 100, 200, and 300 μm from the restoration-tooth margin. A polarized light Microscope was used to correlate the effect of remineralization on the enamel. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with the Scheffe's post hoc and independent t-test. RESULTS Nanohardness values of the fluorosed/normal enamel adjacent to various materials in descending order were as follows: EF 3.67/2.95 GPa, GIC 3.33/3.15 GPa, CN 3.13/3.23 GPa, and TNC 1.17/1.82 GPa, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found among various materials in both types of the enamel (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Based on the nanohardness test, EF can be a better choice for restoration in fluorosed teeth, followed by CN and GIC; GIC was better in normal enamel; however, this was not significant compared to CN and EF. Tetric N-Ceram composite resin had least influence on increasing the nanohardness of the adjacent enamel. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The surface nanohardness of normal and fluorosed enamel can be influenced by the type of restorative material used. The results of present study deserve clinician's attention while selecting restorative materials especially in dental fluorosis.
Do paleontologists dream of electric dinosaurs? Investigating the presumed inefficiency of dinosaurs contact incubating partially buried eggs

Abstract. Troodon formosus, a theropod from the Late Cretaceous, is one of the few species of dinosaurs with multiple nest sites uncovered. It has been consistently demonstrated that eggs within these nests would have been partially buried in life—an exceedingly rare state in modern vertebrates. There has been debate over Troodon's capacity to engage in thermoregulatory contact incubation, especially regarding an adult's ability to efficiently supply partially buried eggs with energy. An actualistic investigation was undertaken to determine the thermodynamic efficiency of contact incubating partially buried eggs. An efficient system would keep eggs at temperatures closer to the surrogate parent than the ambient, without prohibitively high energy input. For the experiment, a surrogate dinosaur was created and used in both indoor controlled ambient temperature trials and in an outdoor variant. Even with ambient temperatures that were likely cooler than Cretaceous averages, the results showed that contact incubating partially buried eggs did seem to confer an energetic advantage; egg temperatures remained closer to the surrogate than ambient in both indoor and outdoor tests. Still, critics of contact incubating partially buried eggs are correct in that there is a depth at which adult energy would fail to make much of an impact—perhaps more relevant to buried eggs, as partially buried eggs would be in contact with an adult and likely above the thermal input threshold. Additionally, results from this experiment provide evidence for a possible evolutionary path from guarding behavior to thermoregulatory contact incubation.
Genetic divergence in indigenous spinach genetic resources for agronomic performance and implication of multivariate analyses for future selection criteria

A study was conducted during winter 2010 at National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) Islamabad, (33.40 ̊N and 73.07 ̊E), to assess diversity profile of indigenous spinach germplasm collected from different parts of the country. The evaluation was based on 20 qualitative and quantitative parameters following the botanical descriptors developed by Bioversity International. A high variation was observed for plant height, earliness of bolting and days taken to flowering whereas low medium variability was observed for remaining parameters. Trait association based on correlation analysis reflected significant and positive relationship among different attributes that could be useful in devising further crop improvement strategy in spinach. Principal component analysis (PCA) displayed the scattered distribution on the basis of agronomic performance. The cumulative contribution of the first three principal components (PCs) reflected by principal component analysis was 58.4%. Cluster analysis grouped the spinach genotypes into four major clusters regardless of collection origin which yielded useful information of the genotypic relationship among genotypes. In spite of high variability, observed in various traits, low variance for leaf related characters (which are of prime importance) was observed in the investigated germplasm, which restricts the scope of selection for these traits. This advocated the need to acquire more diverse germplasm including local and exotic genotypes for devising better crop improvement strategy in spinach.
The demand for populism. A psycho-cultural based analysis of the desire for non mainstream political representation

Inspired by Semiotic Cultural Psychology Theory, the study surveyed a representative Italian national sample (N=818) to test a culture-based model of populist voting. The model assumed that a set of socio-political orientations (i.e., support for democracy, civicness, egalitarianism, anti-elitism, confidence in institutions, and respect for diversity) would mediate the relationship between symbolic universes (i.e., generalized affect-laden sets of meanings) and mainstream vs. populist voting. The results supported the main hypotheses, revealing that populist voting was favoured by a combination of concern for democracy and distrust. As expected, symbolic universes affected socio-political orientations, while a structural variable such as socio-economic status proved to be irrelevant. Implications for the SCPT framework and for research on populism and voting behaviour are discussed.
Impact of Updated 2016 ASE/EACVI VIS-À-VIS 2009 ASE Recommendation on the Prevalence of Diastolic Dysfunction and LV Filling Pressures in Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

BACKGROUND Assessment of diastolic dysfunction (DD) and left ventricular filling pressures (LVFP) by echocardiography is complex in patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF). The American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (ASE/EACVI) jointly published recommendations in 2016 to simplify the diagnosis and classification of DD and the assessment of LVFP. We aimed to study the impact of the updated 2016 ASE/EACVI guidelines vis-à-vis the 2009 ASE recommendations on prevalence of DD and LVFP in patients with preserved EF. METHODS Five hundred patients referred to the echocardiography laboratory from March 2020 to May 2020 were analyzed. Patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50% were excluded. All patients underwent comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography. DD and LVFP were assessed by the 2016 ASE/EACVI and 2009 ASE recommendations. The concordance between the guidelines was analyzed by kappa coefficient and overall proportion of agreement. RESULTS Mean age was 53 ± 13 years and 63.4% were men. Prevalence of DD and abnormal LVFP were significantly lower with the 2016 recommendations than with the 2009 recommendations (9.4% vs. 16.8%, p < 0.001 and 8.4% vs. 12.8%, p < 0.05). Patients with Grade 1 DD (100%) and Grade 2 DD (46.4%) were reclassified by the 2016 recommendations. Indeterminate diastolic function (9.8%) was strikingly high according to the 2016 recommendations. The concordance between the two recommendations was moderate (kappa = 0.569). The overall proportion of agreement was 85.4%. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of DD and abnormal LV filling pressures were lower with application of the 2016 ASE/EACVI recommendations in patients with preserved EF. There was moderate agreement between the 2009 and 2016 recommendations.