Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of magnetic cloud propagation in the inner heliosphere in two dimensions: 2. A loop parallel to the ecliptic plane and the role of helicity

This paper continues studies of the cylindrical magnetic clouds' propagation in the interplanetary medium. In our first paper devoted to this topic (Vandas et al., 1995) we dealt with the cloud with the axis perpendicular to the ecliptic plane and derived time dependencies of its velocity, field magnitude, and temperature as well as its shape for different initial conditions. Here, analogously, we present simulations for the cloud with the axis parallel to the ecliptic plane and show that the propagation of these clouds practically does not depend on the inclination of their axes to the ecliptic plane. We made a new conclusion concerning the helicity of the magnetic field inside the cloud. Because of the magnetic interaction with the background field, the cloud is shifted to the side where it meets with the external interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) polarity that is opposite to that within the cloud. The net effect of the time dependent Lorentz, inertial, and pressure gradient forces probably causes the complementary deformation of the whole cloud.
The conductivity of lattices of spheres - II. The body centred and face centred cubic lattices

The conductivities of body-centred (b. c. c.) and face-centred (f. c. c.) cubic lattices of spheres of a conducting material in a conducting matrix are calculated by using a method originally devised by Lord Rayleigh. Measurements of the conductivity of the b. c. c. lattice of perfectly conducting spheres are presented. Good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained. Our results are shown to be in agreement with asymptotic equations derived by other authors. A formula is given for the case of a disordered array.
Isolation of Catchin and Epigallocatchin From Iraqi Rhus coriaria By Preparative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (PHPLC)

ABSTRACT Two compounds were isolated from the fruit part of Rhus coriaria that grow wildly or cultivated in the north of Iraq. The compounds were separated by preparative high-Performance Liquid Chromatography and their structures were established based on detailed spectroscopic techniques like FTIR and LC-MS/MS. Keywords: Rhus coriaria, Preparative HPLC, LC-MSMS, FTIR
Experimental Investigations of Transfer Phenomena in a Confined Plane Turbulent Impinging Water Jet

In this study, we are interested in the hydrodynamics of impinging plane jets. Plane jets are widely used in ambience separation in HVAC, fire safety, food process engineering, cooling of electronic components etc. Despite their important industrial applications, plane jets have not been studied as extensively as axisymmetric jets. Plane jet exhibit different kind of instabilities stemming from either streamlines with strong curvature in the impingement region or inflection points in the transverse profile of the streamwise component velocity in the lateral mixing layers. Previous works in the GEPEA laboratory were performed on these flows. These works and the majority of the studies reported in the literature deal with turbulent air jets in various configurations. Very little studies have been done on water impinging jets. Taking into account the fact that the viscosity of water is smaller than air, at the same Reynolds number, it is easier to detect phenomena such as vortices. Phenomena can be observed at lower velocities making it possible to record signals with standard frequency bandwidths. This makes it easier also to do a Lagrangian tracking of vortices. We specially focused our study on the impinging zone of the jet. The dynamics of the impinging zone has not formed the subject of numerous studies. There were no studies that characterize the vortices at the impinging region of water jets in terms of size, center positions, vortex intensity, eccentricity, statistical distribution and interaction with the impinging wall. Consequently, a confined water plane jet impinging a flat plate was studied using PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry). We used POD decomposition for filtering PIV data. Then, we applied the λ2 criterion to the recorded velocity fields to detect and characterize the vortices at the impingement. A statistical analysis was then performed. A wide range of Reynolds numbers is considered: 3000, 6000, 11000 and 16000. The corresponding results will be presented.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR Zn EXTRACTION FROM HYPERACCUMULATING PLANTS: CURRENT STATE OF RESEARCH AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Phytomining, although predominantly in its early stages on the broader scientific scope of investigation, has garnered interest in metals such as Ni, Au, or rare earth elements (REE). However, Zn pollution from mine wastes, smelters, coal ash and other anthropogenic sources has become an environmental problem. Phytoremediation by hyperaccumulating plants is one of the proposed solutions to mitigate the pollution. Therefore, a need to utilize or dispose Zn hyperaccumulating plants occurred. Since studies of certain hyperaccumulating plant species have been previously conducted in order to extract metal products, similar hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical techniques were tried with Zn. The hydrometallurgical route was more focused on producing crude eco catalysts for organic chemistry or separating metal hydroxides by cementation. This was achieved with acid leaching of the ash which was obtained by calcinating the aboveground plant biomass. On the other hand, the pyrometallurgical route was more focused on safe and eco-friendly disposal of combustion products such as ash or biochar, while achieving zero toxic gaseous emissions from biomass pyrolysis. Regardless of the approach further research is needed to investigate the stabilization of metals that remain in the solid fraction during combustion and lowering the metal content in produced gases. So far, none of these technologies have been brought to a semi industrial scale and there is the potential of linking those two approaches together.
Diffraction of matter waves in space and in time

In analogy to the well-known diffraction of waves at spatial structures, one can also define diffraction in time when a wave is temporarily modulated. In the present paper we investigate this phenomenon starting from a Green's-function approach. Diffraction in time appears for Schrodinger waves and not for light in vacuum. Specific cases of diffraction in time investigated here are diffraction at an ''edge in time'' and a Fresnel lens in time. We then investigate in detail the simultaneous diffraction both in space and in time representing a general solution. Then we analyze in detail diffraction at an edge, both in space and in time, of a single slit in space and in time, a double slit in space, and a single slit in time, a single slit in space and a double slit in time, and, finally, a double slit both in space and in time. In all cases we analyze the possibilities of various approximations which can be made, and show the limits and validity of the Fraunhofer approximation both in space and in time. We give explicit results for a gedanken experiment with very cold atoms.
Structural Capital Efficiency and Financial Performance of Listed Oil and Gas Firms in Nigeria

The study examined the effect of structural capital efficiency on financial performance of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria for the period 2006 to 2018. Nine firms were sampled purposively, and data were obtained from the audited annual reports of the firms for analytical purposes. The independent variable, structural capital (SC) was measured by internal capital efficiency (ICY) and external capital efficiency (ECY) while the dependent variable, financial performance, was measured by Return on Assets (ROA). Leverage (LEV) was used as control variable for the study. After several diagnostic tests, regression analysis was used for inference and test of hypothesis. The result of the regression analysis revealed that both ICY and ECY have positive and significant effect on ROA thus implying the prominence of these two variables in determining the financial performance of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. A recommendation of the study is that management of oil and gas firms should strengthen existing intangible structures such as systems, routines, procedures and customer relations to enhance their corporate performance.
Grown-in Microdefects in a Slowly Grown Czochralski Silicon Crystal Observed by Synchrotron Radiation Topography

Grown-in microdefects of a slowly grown Czochralski (CZ) silicon crystal were studied by short wavelength synchrotron radiation topography and successfully visualized. It was shown that the microdefects had spherical strain fields, by comparing the defect images in the two topographs taken with the Bragg reflections perpendicular and parallel to the growth direction. The radial distributions of the microdefect size and density were measured from the defect images in the topographs. The misfit volume of the microdefects was approximately 1 ×10-12 cm3 at the central axis region of the crystal ingot, and decreased monotonically toward the peripheral region of the crystal. The density of the microdefects was approximately 300/cm3 at the center of the crystal, increased toward the periphery and then decreased rapidly to almost zero in the very peripheral region approximately 7 mm from the surface of the crystal ingot. These radial distributions are discussed in connection with the self-interstitial atoms of silicon crystals.
Should credence be sensitive to practical factors? A cost – benefit analysis

According to evidentialist views, credence in a proposition p should be proportional to the degree of evidential support that one has in favor of p . However, empirical evidence suggests that our credences are systematically sensitive to practical factors. In this article, I provide a cost – benefit analysis of credences' practical sensitivity. The upshot of this analysis is that credences sensitive to practical factors fare better than practically insensitive ones along several dimensions. All things considered, our credences should be sensitive to practical factors.
Prediction of seizures using canine EEG data and deep learning techniques: a comparison between convolutional, and recurrent neural networks

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that diminishes the quality of life of patients who have it. It most devastating characteristic is the sudden appearance of seizures. Being able to predict a seizure before it happens has the potential to allow patients to take preventive measures to avoid sever damage. This project analyzes the use of deep learning techniques for the prediction of seizures. Using data extracted from dogs, the task is to classify a given EEG segment as being part of interictal (normal activity of the brain) and preictal (before a seizure) stages. We evaluate the use of convolutional, recurrent, and feed-forward neural networks for this purpose. Recurrent neural networks achieved the best result with an F-score above 0.7 in 3 out of 4 cases.
PRET, the Probability of RETurn: a new probabilistic product based on generalized extreme‐value theory

A new probabilistic forecast product, the Probability of RETurn (PRET), is introduced. PRET, the probability of occurrence of an event that corresponds to a specific return period, is computed from forecasts given by the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System. It has been designed to provide easy‐to‐interpret and valuable information on the intensity and rarity of the expected severe weather, especially when the ensemble‐based forecast distribution falls outside the model climate distribution. PRET definition relies on the Generalized Extreme Value family of distributions, which has been applied to study the statistics of the extremes in the model forecasts and observed datasets, and to estimate the levels corresponding to return periods not included in the datasets.
Psychosocial Work Environment and Employees’ Performance in Nigerian Oil and Gas Firms

This study investigated the effect of psychosocial work environment on the performance of employees of eight (8) oil and gas firms in Nigeria. Survey research design was used and questionnaire was the major data collection instrument which was administered to employees of oil and gas firms. Four (4) psychosocial work environment dimensions (proactive work behaviour, interpersonal relationship, feeling of safety, and job engagement) were used and data obtained were analyzed via descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The simple regression results established positive relationships between employee performance and proactive work behavior, interpersonal relationships, and feeling of safety. For job engagement variable, a negative effect was established. The study recommended that management of oil and gas firms should use proactive work behaviours such as motivational incentives to improve employees’ performance. Also, management should use other options of engaging employees on the job via creating a conducive, safe and less hazardous work environment for employees.
Terminal fall velocity and the FASTEX cyclones

Knowledge of water‐drop and ice‐crystal terminal velocities is particularly important for an adequate representation of particle sedimentation in cloud‐resolving and large‐scale models. In this paper, a new method is proposed to retrieve terminal fall velocity from airborne‐Doppler‐radar observations. To extract the terminal fall velocity from the Doppler information, which mixes the three wind components and the terminal fall velocity, statistical considerations are introduced, stating that for a long sampling time span (a whole aircraft mission, for instance) and for moderate storms such as stratiform precipitation, the mean vertical air motions should vanish with respect to the mean terminal fall velocity. Statistical power‐law relationships between terminal fall speed and radar reflectivity are then developed, as well as profiles of mean terminal fall velocity. This underlying hypothesis of the method is validated with in situ measurements of the vertical wind component, averages of convective‐scale retrievals of the vertical wind component, and terminal fall speed–radar reflectivity (VT–Z) relationships derived from in situ measurements of the drop size distribution. These comparisons all indicate that the vertical air motion can indeed be neglected with respect to the terminal fall speed.
Multiparticle simulation methods applied to the micromechanics of bed load transport

We solve the Newtonian equations of motion to follow the trajectories of each of a large number of two-dimensional circular bed load particles as they move in response to stresses exerted by an overlying fluid. The fluid is modeled as a moving layer or “slab” which exerts a velocity-dependent drag force on embedded particles and satisfies its own momentum balance equation. Bed load mass flux and hop length and hop height statistics of simulated beds resemble those observed in the laboratory. By marking particles originally residing on the surface, vertical mixing of sediment is investigated. An injection of fine particles into a bed load system of coarse particles under traction illustrates the early stages of the evolution of sedimentary stratigraphy. Friction angles and their distribution are investigated as a function of bed transport history and particle size. The main thrust of the paper, however, is to describe and test a microscopic bed load model which engineers, geologists, and biologists may find useful for applications where particle arrangement and relative particle motion are important.
Non-sequential multiple ionization of rare gas atoms in a Ti:Sapphire laser field

Multiple ionization of neon, argon and xenon in a high-intensity Ti:Sapphire laser field has been studied. Ion yield curves of xenon versus laser intensity have been obtained for the first six charges. Curves of charges 2+ to 6+ present obvious structures which can be attributed to the occurrence of non-sequential ionization processes. Also, comparison of the ion yields of the first three charges of Ar with previously obtained results inside a different laser field (Nd:Glass laser , ) indicates that non-sequential ionization is strongly wavelength dependent.
Scale effects and full-scale ship hydrodynamics: a review

Historically, the field of naval architecture has relied on a combination of model testing and scaling laws, known as extrapolation procedures, to predict full-scale power requirements. Numerous problems with extrapolation procedures were identified almost as soon as they were proposed, but since there were no alternative scaling laws their use persisted. This review article explores the cause of these uncertainties, the attempts to circumvent or correct them, and the current efforts to reduce and even eliminate the need for extrapolation of ship resistance through the use of full-scale Computational Fluid Dynamics. We find that while there are a number of developments and accomplishments in achieving robust and reliable full-scale numerical simulation, the research community is not yet ready to replace experimentation and extrapolation. The principal bottlenecks are the availability of open full-scale data, including ship geometries, and computational power to predict full-scale flows with the necessary accuracy.
High levels of bacterial and antimicrobial drug residues contamination in
chicken eggs for human consumption in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania

Eggs represent one of the most important low-cost sources of high-quality animal protein and minerals. However, the occurrence of contamination with antimicrobial drug residues and antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms has been increasing and represents a serious food safety risk. This study was carried out to assess the microbial and antimicrobial drug residue contamination of chicken eggs commercialized in selected neighbourhoods in Morogoro municipality, Tanzania. A total of two hundred and fifty-five eggs were sourced from forty-four stores in ten neighbourhoods and were examined for bacterial and antimicrobial drug residue contamination using standard microbiological assays, and the Bacillus subtilis ATCC 3491 as the test organism. Bacterial contamination was detected in 53.3% (136/255) of the egg yolk samples, with significant differences between sampling sites (p = 0.001). Bacterial total viable counts in the contaminated samples ranged from 102 to 109 CFU/mL, with a mean value of 6.42×108 CFU/mL (CI 95% = 1.45×108 – 1.60×108 CFU/mL). The most prevalent bacteria were Bacillus spp. (39.7%), followed by the Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (16.9%), Escherichia coli (8.8%), Streptococcus spp. (5.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (4.4%), Enterobacter spp. (3.7%), Salmonella spp. (3.0%) and Pseudomonas spp. (1.5%). Antimicrobial drug residues were detected in 40.8% (104/255) of the samples in egg white and nil (0%) in the yolk. The contamination with antimicrobial residues showed significant differences between sample collection sites (p = 0.000), but not with bacterial counts (p = 0.862) and isolated bacteria in each sample collection site (p = 0.497). The presence of various bacteria and drug residues above permissible maximum residue levels in eggs predisposes consumers to poison and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
Germanium-tin p-i-n photodetectors integrated on silicon grown by molecular beam epitaxy

GeSn heterojunction p-i-n diodes with a Sn content of 0.5% are grown with a special low temperature molecular beam epitaxy. The Sn incorporation in Ge is facilitated by a very low temperature growth step in order to suppress Sn surface segregation. Diodes with sharp doping transitions are realized as double mesa structures with a diameter from 1.5 up to 80 μm. An optical responsivity of these GeSn diodes of 0.1 A/W at a wavelength of λ=1.55 μm is measured. In comparison with a pure Ge detector the optical responsivity is increased by factor of 3 as a result of Sn caused band gap reduction.
Iron: Private Inference on Transformers

We initiate the study of private inference on Transformer-based models in the client-server setting, where clients have private inputs and servers hold proprietary models. Our main contribution is to provide several new secure protocols for matrix multiplication and complex non-linear functions like Softmax, GELU activations, and LayerNorm, which are critical components of Transformers. Specifically, we first propose a customized homomorphic encryption-based protocol for matrix multiplication that crucially relies on a novel compact packing technique. This design achieves √ m × less communication ( m is the number of rows of the output matrix) over the most efficient work. Second, we design efficient protocols for three non-linear functions via integrating advanced underlying protocols and specialized optimizations. Compared to the state-of-the-art protocols, our recipes reduce about half of the communication and computation overhead. Furthermore, all protocols are numerically precise, which preserve the model accuracy of plaintext. These techniques together allow us to implement Iron , an efficient Transformer-based private inference framework. Experiments conducted on several real-world datasets and models demonstrate that Iron achieves 3 ∼ 14 × less communication and 3 ∼ 11 × less runtime compared to the prior art.
Global regularity and asymptotic behavior of modified Navier-Stokes equations with fractional dissipation

This paper is concerned with the Cauchy problem of three-dimensional modified Navier-Stokes equations with fractional dissipation $ \nu (-\Delta)^{\alpha} u$. The results are three-fold. We first prove the global existence of weak solutions for $0<\alpha\leq1 $ and global smooth solution for $\frac{3}{4}<\alpha\leq1. $ Second, we obtain the optimal decay rates of both weak solutions and the higher-order derivative of the smooth solution. Finally, we investigate the asymptotic stability of the large solution to the system under large initial and external forcing perturbation.
Emission Risk Assessment of Toxic Gases of Floating Roof Storage Tanks

Events such as the emission of toxic gases are possible on floating roof storage tanks. Since gasoline is a high-consumption and volatile product stored in adjacent oil depots or large cities, it is necessary to assess their emission risk. Given that the multi-criteria methods allow the identification of and assessment of the indicators well and allow the participation of expert experts, so the FAHP method has been used to identify and assess the risk before the emission of toxic gases. The results showed the importance of 7 factors among 36 factors, 3 of which were related to equipment error. The DOW'S CEI method was used to assess the emission risk if the event occurred. This method provides safe boundaries based on Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPGs), where the results indicate the settlement placement around the oil repository in the range of the predicted concentration at all three levels of ERPG.
Heating in single-electron pumps driven by surface acoustic waves

We use a practical thermometer based on the resistance of the two-dimensional electron gas to characterize single-electron devices driven by surface acoustic waves. At the typical microwave powers (∼10dBm) required to observe the quantization of the acoustoelectric current in such structures, the electron-gas temperature increases from our base 1.8Kto5–6K. The power deposited by the surface acoustic wave itself can be clearly resolved. However, it is several times smaller than the overall rf heating, which occurs over a frequency range of few gigahertz.