Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
biology Chemo-Sensitization of CD133+ Cancer Stem Cell Enhances the Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Expressing TRAIL in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines

Simple Summary: The anti-tumor properties of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) expressing TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) or MSC-TRAIL have been well documented by several reports. However, some tumors are resistant to TRAIL due to the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Chemo-sensitization of tumors and their CSCs has been reported to enhance TRAIL-mediated inhibition. In this study, we examined the effect of pre-treatment using ﬁrst-line chemotherapies on MSC-TRAIL-induced inhibition in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs)–derived CSCs. We found that these chemotherapies were able to induce a chemo-sensitization effect to the CSC, thus improving the MSC-TRAIL-induced inhibition. We also noticed that the effect of chemo-sensitization was cell type speciﬁc and selecting chemotherapies for the right NSCLC subtypes might help in inducing a more meaningful combinatory effect. As such, this study has proven that chemo-sensitization of the CSCs was able to enhance the MSC-TRAIL-induced inhibition in NSCLC cell lines. Abstract: Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the efﬁcacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expressing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or MSC-TRAIL against several tumors. However, due to the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), some tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), exhibit TRAIL resistance. This study was designed to evaluate the capacity of using ﬁrst-line chemotherapies including cisplatin, 5-ﬂuorouracil (5-FU) and vinorelbine to act as a chemo-sensitizer on CD133+ (prominin-1 positive) CSCs derived from NSCLC cell lines (A549, H460 and H2170) for the purpose of MSC-TRAIL-induced inhibition. We showed that MSC-TRAIL was resistant to all three chemotherapies compared to the NSCLC cell lines, suggesting that the chemotherapies had little effect on MSC-TRAIL viability. Pre-treatment using either cisplatin or 5-FU, but not with vinorelbine, was able to increase the efﬁcacy of MSC-TRAIL to kill the TRAIL-resistant A549-derived CSCs. The study also demonstrated that both 5-FU and vinorelbine were an effective chemo-sensitizer, used to increase the anti-tumor effect of MSC-TRAIL against H460- and H2170-derived CSCs. Furthermore, pre-treatment using cisplatin was noted to enhance the effect of MSC-TRAIL in H460-derived CSCs; however, this effect was not detected in the H2170-derived CSCs. These ﬁndings suggest that a pre-treatment using certain chemotherapies in NSCLC could enhance the anti-tumor effect of MSC-TRAIL to target the CSCs, and therefore the combination of chemotherapies and MSC-TRAIL may serve as a novel approach for the treatment of NSCLC.
Peripherally Mediated Antinociception of the (cid:1) -Opioid Receptor Agonist 2-[(4,5 (cid:2) -Epoxy-3-hydroxy-14 (cid:3) -methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6 (cid:3) -yl)amino]acetic Acid (HS-731) after Subcutaneous and Oral Administration in Rats with Carrageenan-Induced Hindpaw Inflammation

Opioids induce analgesia by activating opioid receptors not only within the central nervous system but also on peripheral sensory neurons. This study investigated peripherally mediated antinociception produced by the (cid:1) -opioid receptor agonist 2-[(4,5 (cid:2) -epoxy-3-hydroxy-14 (cid:3) -methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6 (cid:3) -yl)amino]acetic acid (HS-731) after s.c. and oral administration in rats with carrageenan-induced hindpaw inflammation. Antinociceptive effects after s.c. administration were assessed 3 h after intraplantar carrageenan injection and compared with those of centrally acting (cid:1) -opioid agonists 14-methoxymeto-pon and morphine. Opioid agonists caused dose-dependent in inflamed paw withdrawal latencies mechanical and thermal stimulation. The time course of differ- ent, g/kg significant long-lasting up to 4 h after 14- methoxymetopon (20 (cid:1) g/kg) and morphine mg/kg) their peak of action at 10 to 30 min, and their effect the periph- selective inhibited antinociception the was dose-dependently reversed by s.c. me- This indicates that HS-731 preferentially activates peripheral opioid receptors, whereas 14-methoxymetopon me- diates analgesia via central mechanisms. Orally administered significantly reduced hyperalgesia in the inflamed paw induced by carrageenan, which was reversible by s.c. administered naloxone methiodide. These results show that systemic (s.c. and oral) treatment with the (cid:1) -opioid agonist HS-731 produces potent and long-lasting antinociception through pe- ripheral mechanisms in rats with carrageenan-induced hindpaw amide; NalMeth, naloxone methiodide. tration. No significant increase in the HWL in the contralateral noninflamed hindpaws was observed after oral HS-731 the present shows the (cid:1) -opioid agonist potent and long-lasting peripherally mediated antinociception and administration in with hindpaw In addition, the (cid:1) -opioid agonist 14-methoxymetopon induces antinociceptive effects s.c. through Our findings suggest that peripheral (cid:1) -opioid agonists such as HS-731 may find clinical applica-tions as analgesics
and novel upstream activating sequences regulate targets of the unfolded protein response.

Eukaryotic cells respond to accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signal transduction pathway that communicates between the ER and the nucleus. In yeast, a large set of UPR target genes has been experimentally determined, but the previously characterized unfolded protein response element (UPRE), an upstream activating sequence (UAS) found in the promoter of the UPR target gene KAR2, cannot account for the transcriptional regulation of most genes in this set. To address this puzzle, we analyzed the promoters of UPR target genes computationally, identifying as candidate UASs short sequences that are statistically overrepresented. We tested the most promising of these candidate UASs for biological activity, and identified two novel UPREs, which are necessary and sufficient for UPR activation of promoters. A genetic screen for activators of the novel motifs revealed that the transcription factor Gcn4p plays an essential and previously unrecognized role in the UPR: Gcn4p and its activator Gcn2p are required for induction of a majority of UPR target genes during ER stress. Both Hac1p and Gcn4p bind target gene promoters to stimulate transcriptional induction. Regulation of Gcn4p levels in response to changing physiological conditions may function as an additional means to modulate the UPR. The discovery of a role for Gcn4p in the yeast UPR reveals an additional level of complexity and demonstrates a surprising conservation of the signaling circuit between yeast and metazoan cells. Gcn4p/Hac1p heterodimer results in a transcriptionally active complex. Gcn4p levels are upregulated under UPR induction, perhaps as a consequence of stabilization by interaction with Hac1p.
New Theory of Dynamic Activity Generation

We develop a theoretical framework for analyzing and modeling activity choice by individuals and households. The theory assumes that activities are driven by a limited and universal set of human needs. The needs grow autonomously over time according to a logistic curve with parameters depending on the nature of the need. Activities may have an impact on several needs at the same time. We assume that the utility of an activity is equal to the sum of satisfied needs minus the sum of induced needs. The theory developed can explain substitution and complementary relationships between activities, the state-dependency of activity choice and variety seeking behavior. We show how utilities of discrete and continuous choice regarding duration, interval timing, task allocation, travel, location and other choice facets of activities can be derived from basic principles.
Detection of the Missing Baryons in a Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium

F. Nicastro1,2, J. Kaastra3, Y. Krongold4, S. Borgani5,6,7, E. Branchini8, R. Cen9, M. Dadina10, C.W. Danforth11, M. Elvis2, F. Fiore1, A. Gupta12, S. Mathur13, D. Mayya14, F. Paerels15, L. Piro16, D. Rosa-Gonzalez14, J. Schaye17, J.M. Shull11, J. Torres-Zafra18, N. Wijers17, L. Zappacosta1 1 Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via Frascati, Monte Porzio Catone 00078, RM, Italy, email: fabrizio.nicastro@oa-roma.inaf. it 2 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA 3 SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands 4 Instituto de Astronomia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, D.F. , Mexico 5 University of Trieste Physics Department, Trieste, Italy 6 INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Trieste, Italy 7 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) – Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy 8 University of RomaTre Physics Department, Rome, Italy 9 Princeton University, Department of Astrophysical Science, Princeton, NJ, USA 10 INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Bologna, Italy 11 University of Colorado, Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy (CASA), Boulder, CO, USA 12 Columbus State Community College, Columbus, OH, USA 13 Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA 14 Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico 15 Columbia University, Department of Astronomy, New York, NY, USA 16 INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali. Rome, Italy 17 Leiden Observatory, Leiden, The Netherlands 18 Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata (IALP-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
Structurally-constrained between cognitive in the human brain.

The anatomical connectivity of the human brain supports diverse patterns of correlated neural activity that are thought to underlie cognitive function. In a manner sensitive to underlying structural brain architecture, we examine the extent to which such patterns of correlated activity systematically vary across cognitive states. Anatomical white matter connectivity is compared with functional correlations in neural activity measured via blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals. Functional connectivity is separately measured at rest, during an attention task, and during a memory task. We assess these structural and functional measures within previously-identified resting-state functional networks, denoted task-positive and task-negative networks, that have been independently shown to be strongly anticorrelated at rest but also involve regions of the brain that routinely increase and decrease in activity during task-driven processes. We find that the density of anatomical connections within and between task-positive and task-negative networks is differentially related to strong, task- dependent correlations in neural activity. The space mapped out by the observed structure-function relationships is used to define a quantitative measure of separation between resting, attention, and memory states. We find that the degree of separation between states is related to both general measures of behavioral performance and relative differences in task-specific measures of attention versus memory performance. These findings suggest that the observed separation between cognitive states reflects underlying organizational principles of human brain structure and function.
A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ALBERTA LEARNING REMOVING BARRIERS TO HIGH SCHOOL COMPLETION REPORT

The purpose of this document is to compare and contrast "Removing Barriers to High School Completion--Final Report" (2001) with the qualitative study entitled "Early School Leaving: A Young Offender Perspective" (2001). The study is organized into four sections. The first section presents an overview of early school leaving within a Canadian context and consists of the purpose of the study, the justification for early school leaving research, costs and consequences of early school leaving, deviance and the early school leaver, the significance of the two studies, and definitions of terms. The second section presents a review of the literature examining family background, personal, school, and criminal characteristics related to early school leaving. The third section of the paper identifies and discusses differences and common themes of the two studies. To provide a framework for the comparison and contrast of the two studies, twelve key issues are addressed: social climate; attitudinal fctors toward the school environment; environmental stability; child abuse; family influences; neighborhood and community; individual characteristics; companions; number of high schools attended and suspensions; cognitive ability; school behavior problems; and employment, finances, high school credits, and future plans. When practical, the findings of the present study are compared with data from national studies. Recommendations of the report are presented in the fourth section. The recommendations, organized into two parts, are a synthesis based on the findings and conclusions of the two studies, the research literature, and the researcher's experience. (Contains 389 references.) (GCP) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT AND REPORTING A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ALBERTA LEARNING REMOVING BARRIERS TO HIGH SCHOOL COMPLETION REPORT
Forum Evolution and maintenance of male care: is increased paternity a neglected beneﬁt of care?

ﬁsh, established for conﬁdence of paternity a prerequisite for male care to evolve because a male should be selected to care for his own Borgia, males providing care may better success in sperm competition, in the resulting increase in paternity be sufﬁcient to explain the evolution and maintenance of male care. This scenario results in the same positive relationship between male care and paternity, but with reversed causality.
Conﬁrmation of Rubella within 4 Days of Rash Onset: Comparison of Rubella Virus RNA Detection in Oral Fluid with Immunoglobulin M Detection in Serum or Oral Fluid (cid:1)

Rubella virus infection is typically diagnosed by the identiﬁcation of rubella virus-speciﬁc immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in serum, but approximately 50% of serum samples from rubella cases collected on the day of rash onset are negative for rubella virus-speciﬁc IgM. The ability to detect IgM in sera and oral ﬂuids was compared with the ability to detect rubella virus RNA in oral ﬂuids by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) by using paired samples taken within the ﬁrst 4 days after rash onset from suspected rubella cases during an outbreak in Peru´. Sera were tested for IgM by both indirect and capture enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), and oral ﬂuids were tested for IgM by a capture EIA. Tests for IgM in serum were more sensitive for the conﬁrmation of rubella than the test for IgM in oral ﬂuid during the 4 days after rash onset. RT-PCR conﬁrmed more suspected cases than serum IgM tests on days 1 and 2 after rash onset. The methods conﬁrmed approximately the same number of cases on days 3 and 4 after rash onset. However, a few cases were detected by serum IgM tests but not by RT-PCR even on the day of rash onset. Nine RT-PCR-positive oral ﬂuid specimens were shown to contain rubella virus sequences of genotype 1C. In summary, RT-PCR testing of oral ﬂuid conﬁrmed more rubella cases than IgM testing of either serum or oral ﬂuid samples collected in the ﬁrst 2 days after rash onset; the maximum number of conﬁrmations of rubella cases was obtained by combining RT-PCR and serology testing.
University of Birmingham Prevention and control of dental caries and periodontal diseases at individual and population level:

Background: The non-communicable diseases dental caries and periodontal diseases pose an enormous burden on mankind. The dental biofilm is a major biological determinant common to the development of both diseases and they share common risk factors and social determinants, important for their prevention and control. The remit of this working group was to review the current state of knowledge on epidemiology, socio-behavioural aspects as well as plaque control with regard to dental caries and periodontal diseases. Methods: Discussions were informed by three systematic reviews on (1) the global burden of dental caries and periodontitis; (2) socio-behavioural aspects in the prevention and control of dental caries and periodontal diseases at an individual and population level; and (3) mechanical and chemical plaque control in the simultaneous management of gingivitis and dental caries. This consensus report is based on the outcomes of these systematic reviews and on expert opinion of the participants. Results: Key findings included: (i) Prevalence and experience of dental caries has decreased in many regions in all age groups over the last 3 decades, however not all societal groups have benefitted equally from this decline; (ii) although some studies have indicated a possible decline in periodontitis prevalence, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that prevalence has changed over recent decades; (iii) because of global population growth and increased tooth retention the number of people affected by dental caries and periodontitis has grown substantially, increasing the total burden of these diseases globally (by 37% for untreated caries and by 67% for severe periodontitis) as estimated between 1990 and 2013, with high global economic impact; (iv) there is robust evidence for an association of low socioeconomic status with a higher risk of having dental caries/caries experience and also with higher prevalence of periodontitis; (v) the most important behavioural factor, affecting both dental caries and periodontal diseases, is routinely performed oral hygiene with fluoride; (vi) population-based interventions address behavioural factors to control dental caries and periodontitis through legislation (antismoking, reduced sugar content in foods and drinks), restrictions (taxes on sugar and tobacco) guidelines and campaigns, however their
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT ROOT GROWTH STIMULATORS ON WEEPING FIG ( FICUS BENJAMINA L.) ‘EXOTICA’ PROPAGATION CONTEMPORARY

Summary :The most effective method of propagation as well as the optimal content of plant growth regulators and appropriate supplements to apply were determined for Weeping fig (Ficus benjamina L.) ‘Exotica’, a common woody species grown in indoor conditions. Both, vegetative propagation by cuttings and micropropagation were successfully established in this study. Results of the two-year study on vegetative propagation showed that stem cuttings treated with plant growth regulators containing 0.5% α -naphthalene acetic acid had the greatest percentage of rooting (91.67%). In the study on micropropagation, the effects of cytokinins and activated charcoal on multiplication and rooting were tested. The multiplication faze showed to be the most efficient on MS medium containing 4 mg l -1 BA and 1 mg l -1 IBA. A higher percentage of rooting (50.3%), root length (27.9 mm) and number of roots (5.4) were obtained in plants grown in medium with activated charcoal. Our study showed that the use of adequate plant growth regulators and appropriate supplements (e.g. active charcoal) positively influences the quality and the rapidity of Weeping Fig (Ficus benjamina L.) “Exotica” propagation.
Errors in a Stat Laboratory: Changes in Type and Frequency since 1996

Background: In view of increasing attention focused on patient safety and the need to reduce laboratory errors, it is important that clinical laboratories collect statistics on error occurrence rates over the whole testing cycle, including pre-, intra-, and postanalytical phases. Methods: The present study was conducted in 2006 according to the design we previously used in 1996 to monitor the error rates for laboratory testing in 4 different departments (internal medicine, nephrology, surgery, and intensive care). For 3 months, physicians and nurses were asked to pay careful attention to all test results. Any suspected laboratory error was recorded with associated pertinent clinical information. Every day, a laboratory physician visited the 4 departments and a critical appraisal was made of any suspect results. Results: Among a total of 51 746 analyses, clinicians notified us of 393 questionable findings, 160 of which were confirmed as laboratory errors. The overall frequency of errors, 3092 ppm, was significantly lower ( P < 0.05) than in 1996 (4700 ppm). Of the 160 confirmed errors, 61.9% were preanalytical errors, 15% were analytical, and 23.1% were postanalytical. Conclusions: During the last decade the error rates in our stat laboratory have been reduced significantly. As demonstrated by the distribution pattern, the pre- and postanalytical steps still have the highest error prevalences, but changes have occurred in the types and frequencies of errors in these phases of testing.
Transport of argon and iron during a resonant magnetic perturbation at TEXTOR-DED

Since ergodic divertors are proposed to control the impurity concentration in tokamak plasmas the influence of a resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) from the dynamic ergodic divertor (DED) in the m/n = 3/1 mode on argon impurity transport is studied at the tokamak TEXTOR. Although the application of a DED current below the threshold for m/n = 3/1 tearing mode excitation in an NBI-heated L-mode plasma does not change the argon transport coefficients in r/a < 0.8, an additional transport mechanism within an error of 34% cannot be excluded. Observed changes of the iron ion density distribution for r/a < 0.6 can only be explained by a change of the transport. In addition the argon injection experiments show that an RMP reduces the inflow of particles into r/a < 0.8 and that a tearing mode seems to increase the local transport although at first view the experimental data indicate a reduction of the transport.