Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genotype and environment interaction analysis by AMMI model and GGE bi plot

Yield data promising genotype of chickpea of Chhattisgarh state across 6 varied environments were subjected to genotype X environment interaction (GEI) and yield stability analysis to determine the suitable varieties for varied environments. The Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction was used to describe GEI and adaptation to certain environments. The combined ANOVA indicated significant differences between varieties and environments as main effects. IPCA 1 axes explained 68% of the total G x E interaction with the IPCA 2 axes explaining 32% of the interaction. They were significant in the ANOVA analysis and that indicated that the AMMI stability value was the best fit for the available data. ASV ranking provides the most stable all these. RG 2011-06, Vaibhav©, RG 2009-05, Indira Chana-1 and JK 9218 ©. GGE bi-plot analysis depicted the adaptation pattern of genotypes at varied environments and discrimination ability of environments.
Macroeconomics, Firm Dynamics and IPOs

This paper extends a model of firm dynamics to incorporate heterogeneous privately held and publicly traded firms facing different financial frictions, and the decision to become publicly traded (Initial Public Offering, or IPO) is endogenous. This allows changes in the economic environment to affect these firms differently, impacting the selection into becoming publicly traded, and its macroeconomic outcomes. Firms are born privately held and small due to financial frictions. They finance investment with internal resources and debt and have the choice to go public (IPO). The main trade-off is access to external equity financing, at a one-off cost of IPO and an increased cost of operation. The calibrated model is successful in capturing the size distribution of firms, the share of publicly traded firms, and the dynamics around the IPO date. The decrease in corporate and dividend taxes experienced from the 1970s to the 1990s benefited more publicly traded firms financing with equity at the margin. This helps explaining the stock market boom, and the observed changes in the characteristics of firms going public, their investment and payout behavior. I perform some counterfactual exercises to understand what could be the reasons behind the decrease in publicly traded firms since the 2000s: increased cost of being public, increased access to debt, or changes in the idiosyncratic shock process. I find these changes are consistent with part (though not all) of the changes in IPO choice, payout and investment behavior of publicly traded firms in this period.
Identification of DNA Sequence Variants for Amino Acid Residue 127 of Bovine Growth Hormone using the Polymerase Chain Reaction Method

牛の成長ホルモンモはンでは,127番アミノ酸でLeu(A型)だけでなくVal(B型)となる多型の存在が報告されている. A型遺伝子の塩基配列は126,127番アミノ酸に対し,GAGCTGをとることが明らかにされており,この配列は内部にAlu I認識サイト(AGCT)を含んでいる. ValのコドンはGTNであるので,B型ではこの部位のAlu Iサイトが消失する. 本試験はPCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)法を用いてこのアミノ酸をコードしている領域を増幅し,制限酵素Alu Iで切断することによって遺伝子型の判定を行なった. センスプライマーは第4エキソン内にあり成長ホルモンの110番から118番アミノ酸に相当する27merのオリゴヌクレオチド(5'TATGAG-AAGCTGAAGGACCTGGAGGAA3')を用いた. アンチセンスプライマーは第5エキソン内3'非翻訳領域の28mer(5'AGAATAGAATGACACCTACTCAGACAAT3')を用いた. PCR法は93°1分,60°1分,72°1分の反応を35回繰り返した. この反応によって得られた652bpのDNAフラグメントをAlu Iで切断し,127番アミノ酸に相当する位置にAlu IサイトのあるものをA型,無いものをB型とした. 25頭の黒毛和種,20種のホルスタイン種,10頭のヘレフォード種,6頭のアバーデンアンガス種について分析した結果,B型の頻度は黒毛和種(0.56)およびアバーデンァンガス種(0.41)で比較的高く,ホルスタイン種(0.22)およびヘレフォード種(0.20)において低かった.
Comparative study of antibacterial assay of Mentha piperita (in vivo and in vitro cultured) leaves extract on enveloped human pathogenic bacteria and its phytochemical screening

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of mint extract for the control of growth and survival of pathogenic microorganisms that are common cause of infections. Mint plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, phenol etc. with the help of certain tests which confirm their presence. The antimicrobial activity of mint is due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. Therefore, mint plants can be used to isolate bioactive natural products that may serve as leads in the development of new pharmaceuticals drugs. We use both polar solvent aqueous and ethanol for the extraction of active components from leaves of the plant. Mentha extract showed antimicrobial activity against many bacterial strains like Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus feacalis and Salmonella typhi. Mint leaves gaves considerable amount of antimicrobial activity higher with ethanol extract and least with water extract. The presence of useful phytochemicals in the samples has proved it to be very important plant both economically as well as medicinally.
Evaluating and interpreting caption prediction for histopathology images

The automatic generation of captions from medical images can provide for an eﬃcient way to annotate histopathology images with natural language descriptions. Such large-scale annotation of medical images may help facilitate image retrieval tasks and standardize clinical ontologies. In this work, we focus on developing and methodically evaluating a new caption generation framework for histopathology whole-slide images. We introduce PathCap, a deep learning multi-scale framework, to predict captions from histopathology images using multi-scale views of whole-slide images. We demonstrate that our framework outperforms a standard baseline caption model on a diverse set of human tissues and provides inter-pretable contextual cues for understanding predicted captions. Finally, we draw attention to a novel dataset of histopathology images with captions from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, providing a valuable dataset for the machine learning and healthcare community to benchmark future caption prediction and interpretation methods.
Post-mortem degradation of inosinic acid and related enzyme activity in the dark muscle of fish.

In order to elucidate the degradation of inosinic acid (IMP) in the dark muscle of fish, the levels of adenine nucleotides and their related compounds were compared in the white and dark muscles of yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata and in common mackerel Scomber japonicas during iced storage. The struggling of 30 minutes before death affected the degradation rate of IMP in the dark muscle of yellowtail, while it did not affect in the white muscle. During iced storage, the degrada-tion of IMP proceeded very rapidly in the dark muscle of common mackerel. IMP was degraded optimally at pH6 and pH8 in muscle homogenates of common mackerel. The activity in the dark muscle homogenate at pH6 was 5 times higher than that of the white muscle homogenate, whereas the activity at pH8 was nearly the same in both muscle homogenates. The fact that the high activity at pH6 was present in the supernatant of the dark muscle homo-genate indicated that this enzyme is easily soluble in water. In view of these findings, the fact that the pH of red meat fish such as mackerel falls quickly to around 6 after death suggests that the enzyme activity is mainly responsible for the rapid IMP degradation in the dark muscle.
Causal Inferences on Young Economics Professors’ Salaries∗

In this paper, we analyze the causal effects on young economics professors’ salaries of three interesting factors: gender, PhD graduation school rank, and undergraduate major. The dataset used is novel, contains detailed research productivity measures and other demographic information of young economics professors from top 50 public research universities in the U.S. We apply double/debiased machine learning (DML) to the models and obtain consistent estimators under high-dimensional control variable space. By tracking the first 10 years of their professional working experience we find that there barely exist causal effects on salaries from the above three factors in most of the years when controlling for research productivity and background, neither economically nor statistically. Exceptionally, the gender effect in experience year 7 is both statistically and economically significant. For both PhD graduation school rank and undergraduate major, although lack of statistical significance in almost all the experience years, the estimates for experience years 7–9 are large in magnitude. Then, based on what have been found, we discuss possible economic mechanisms and reasons.
Llandovery (Early Silurian) graptolites from the Quidong Basin, NSW

Late Llandovery (Early Silurian) graptolites from several localities in the Merriangaah Siltstone, Quidong Basin, southern NSW, are described as Monograptus priodon (Bronn, 1835), Oktavites falx (Suess, 1851) and Oktavites bodentoeriensis Loydell, 2003. This is the first use of the generic name Oktavites in Australia. The firm age for this fauna to the spiralis graptolite Biozone and new age data from the Quidong Limestone place a maximum age for the unconformity between the Siltstone and the overlying Quidong Limestone, constraining the Quidongan Orogeny between the latest part of the Llandovery and the late or
EFFECT OF ALTERED PH ON THE LIPID METABOLISM OF PRAWN LITOPENAEUS VANNAMEI

Litopenaeus vannamei of body weight 6.5. + 0.5 gms were selected to study the lipid peroxidation, phospholipids, total Cholesterol, triglycerides and xanthine oxidase on exposure to altered PH media i.e., 6.5 at acidic and 9.0 at alkaline PH he lipid peroxidation was more in hepatopancreas than muscle both in acidic (6.5) and alkaline PH. However the phospholipid, Litopenaeus vannamei of body weight 6.5. + 0.5 gms were selected to study the lipid peroxidation, phospholipids, total Cholesterol, triglycerides and xanthine oxidase on exposure to altered PH media i.e., 6.5 at acidic and total cholesterol, triglycerides and xanthine oxidase contents are more in muscle when compared with hepatopancreas at altered PH medium. The disorders in lipid organization of biological membranes results in alterations in the activity of a number of membrane bound enzymes in the presence of altered PH.
Does Teacher Sorting across and within Schools Explain Inequality in Education Outcomes?

Inequality in student access to high-quality teachers is frequently cited as a main source of inequality in students’ educational outcomes. This paper studies to what extent better teachers are matched with better classrooms (positive “assortative matching”) and quantifies the contribution of assortative matching to test score inequality across classrooms. I use data on the universe of elementary schools in North Carolina (grades 3-5) over a period of 15 years (1997-2011). Assortative matching between teachers and classrooms explains about 5 percent of the test score variance across classrooms. The amount of sorting within schools is about as large as the amount of sorting across schools. By means of a simulation, I compare the test score distribution under the observed teacher allocation to the test score distribution under a counterfactual random allocation of teachers across classrooms. I find that assortative matching explains 11-16 percent of the performance gap between a classroom at the 90 percentile and a classroom at the 10 percentile of the test score distribution. Furthermore, sorting patterns vary across geographic locations: Assortative matching between teachers and classrooms matters the most in rural areas, but the least in urban areas. In urban areas, by contrast, assortative matching between schools and students is one of the main drivers of education inequality. JEL codes: I20, I24, J24
Innate immunity to Rhodococcus equi: the response of adult and juvenile equine neutrophils

Innate Immunity to Rhodococcus equi: The Response of Adult and Juvenile Equine Neutrophils. (August 2007) Jessica Rachel Nerren, B.S., Texas A&M University Co-Chairs of Advisory Committee: Dr. Noah Cohen Dr. Susan Payne Blood was obtained from 5 adult horses and 16 juvenile horses (foals) at the time of birth and subsequently at 2-, 4-, and 8-weeks of age. Neutrophils from adult horses were purified and incubated for 2 h and 4 h with media, avirulent R. equi, virulent R. equi, or recombinant-human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGMCSF). Neutrophils from foals were purified and incubated for 2 h and 4 h with media or virulent R. equi. Total RNA was extracted from both adult and foal neutrophils immediately after purification to measure baseline expression levels (0 h), and immediately after each of the prescribed incubation times. For each sample, 1 μg of total RNA was reverse-transcribed and analyzed for differential gene expression using realtime PCR. After 2 h and 4 h incubation with virulent or avirulent R. equi, neutrophils from adult horses expressed significantly (P< 0.05) greater TNFα, IL-12p40, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-23p19 mRNA relative to expression by unstimulated neutrophils, but not IFNγ or IL-12p35 mRNA. Furthermore, virulent R. equi induced significantly greater IL-23p19 mRNA expression than avirulent R. equi. Stimulation with rhGM-CSF of adult equine neutrophils failed to induce significant changes in cytokine expression. In foal
Optimal Model Selection in RDD and Related Settings Using Placebo Zones

We propose a new model-selection algorithm for Regression Discontinuity Design, Regression Kink Design, and related IV estimators. Candidate models are assessed within a 'placebo zone' of the running variable, where the true effects are known to be zero. The approach yields an optimal combination of bandwidth, polynomial, and any other choice parameters. It can also inform choices between classes of models (e.g. RDD versus cohort-IV) and any other choices, such as covariates, kernel, or other weights. We use the approach to evaluate changes in Minimum Supervised Driving Hours in the Australian state of New South Wales. We also re-evaluate evidence on the effects of Head Start and Minimum Legal Drinking Age. We conclude with practical advice for researchers, including implications of treatment effect heterogeneity.
The Impact of Computer Self Efficacy on Student Engagement
 and Group Satisfaction in Online Business Courses

As countless regional, national, and international accrediting bodies continue to employ student engagement measures as mechanisms for quality assurance, universities become more intent on achieving this important gauge of student success. Specifically, the growth in enrollment in distance learning programs adds a unique level of complexity leading researchers to search for ways to increase engagement in the online course environment. Organizations continue to value teamwork and many instructors have incorporated group work into their online courses to teach students this important skill. The present study examines the impact of student engagement on group satisfaction. Furthermore, this research places student engagement at the center of a structural equation model to determine both predictors and outcomes of this important element of student learning. Specifically, this analysis examines whether students’ perceptions of computer self‑efficacy impact student engagement and group satisfaction in online business courses. Our findings indicate that computer self‑efficacy leads to student engagement and, further, that student engagement influences group satisfaction. Importantly, the relationship between student engagement and group satisfaction is mediated by group expectations. Discussions of findings can be utilized to understand the factors that lead to student engagement and its outcomes in online courses.
Adaptive Granularity in Time Evolving Graphs as Tensors

Data collected at very frequent intervals is usually extremely sparse and has no structure that is exploitable by modern tensor decomposition algorithms. Thus the utility of such tensors is low, in terms of the amount of interpretable and exploitable structure that one can extract from them. In this paper, we introduce the problem of finding a tensor of adaptive aggregated granularity that can be decomposed to reveal meaningful latent concepts (structures) from datasets that, in their original form, are not amenable to tensor analysis. Such datasets fall under the broad category of sparse point processes that evolve over space and/or time. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that explores adaptive granularity aggregation in tensors. Furthermore, we formally define the problem and discuss what different definitions of “good structure” can be in practice, and show that optimal solution is of prohibitive combinatorial complexity. Subsequently, we propose an efficient and effective greedy algorithm which follows a number of intuitive decision criteria that locally maximize the “goodness of structure”, resulting in high-quality tensors. We evaluate our method on synthetic and semi-synthetic data where ground truth is known. Our proposed method constructs tensors that have very high structure quality.
The osteology of the Late Cretaceous paravian Rahonavis ostromi from Madagascar

Rahonavis ostromi, a paravian from the Maastrichtian Maevarano Formation, Mahajanga Basin, northwestern Madagascar, preserves morphology germane to understanding the character transformations present among paravian theropods, and in particular, among those non-avialan theropods most closely related to birds. The holotype specimen consists of a partial axial column (including cervicodorsal, dorsal, sacral, and caudal vertebrae and chevrons), most of the hind limbs and pelvis, and a partial forelimb (scapula, ulna, radius). Additional isolated elements referred to Rahonavis include distal humeri, a partial dentary, and a second right ulna; the duplicate right ulna demonstrates that at least two individuals of Rahonavis are present in the collection. All specimens of Rahonavis were recovered from the same level in quarry MAD 93-18 in 1995. All elements are described in detail and illustrated in multiple views, including CT slices of select elements to demonstrate internal morphology. Recent phylogenetic analyses place Rahonavis either within the non-avialan Unenlagiinae, an early-diverging clade within Dromaeosauridae, or at the base of Avialae. Rahonavis is one of the best represented and preserved Gondwanan paravians, and remains a pivotal taxon for understanding the evolution and biogeography of paravians. Catherine A. Forster. Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2029 G ST. NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. forster@gwu.edu Patrick M. O’Connor. Ohio Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, Irvine Hall, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701 USA. oconnorp@ohio.edu Luis M. Chiappe. Section of Vertebrate Paleontology, Los Angeles County Museum, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90007 USA. lchiappe@nhm.org Alan H. Turner. Department of Anatomical Sciences, Health Sciences Center T8 (040), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794 USA. Alan.Turner@stonybrook.edu
Scotland's Rural College Estimating genetic and phenotypic parameters of cellular immune-associated traits in dairy cows Denholm,

29 Data collected from an experimental Holstein-Friesian research herd were used to determine genetic 30 and phenotypic parameters of innate and adaptive cellular immune-associated traits. Relationships 31 between immune-associated traits and production, health and fertility traits were also investigated. 32 Repeated blood leukocytes records were analyzed in 546 cows for 9 cellular immune-associated 33 traits, including %T cell subsets, B cells, NK cells and granulocytes. Variance components were 34 estimated by univariate analysis. Heritability estimates were obtained for all 9 traits, the highest of 35 which were observed in the T cell subsets % CD4 + , % CD8 + , CD4 + :CD8 + ratio and % NKp46 + cells 36 (0.46, 0.41, 0.43 and 0.42, respectively) with between-individual variation accounting for 59% to 37 81% of total phenotypic variance. Associations between immune-associated traits and production, 38 health and fertility traits were investigated with bivariate analyses. Strong genetic correlations were 39 observed between % NKp46 + and stillbirth rate (0.61), and lameness episodes and % CD8 + (-0.51). 40 Regarding production traits, the strongest relationships were between CD4 + :CD8 + ratio and weight 41 phenotypes (-0.52 for liveweight; -0.51 for empty bodyweight). Associations between feed 42 conversion traits and immune-associated traits were also observed. Our results provide evidence that 43 cellular immune-associated traits are heritable, and repeatable, and the noticeable variation between 44 animals would permit selection for altered trait values, particularly in the case of the T cell subsets. 45 The associations we observed between immune-associated, health, fertility and production traits 46 suggest that genetic selection for cellular immune-associated traits could provide a useful tool in 47 improving animal health, fitness and fertility. 48
Effect of the Addition of GGBS on the Frost Scaling and Chloride Migration Resistance of Concrete

Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS) can partially replace cement in concrete to improve certain properties. However, some concerns regarding its performance have been raised. This research aimed at investigating the properties of concrete with GGBS, with special focus on its frost scaling and chloride ingress resistance. Concretes with different amounts of GGBS, different efficiency factors, and different air contents have been tested. The effects of other factors, namely the curing temperature, the use of superplasticizer and carbonation, have also been investigated. The results showed that the frost resistance generally decreases with the increase of the amount of GGBS. However, this research showed that it is possible to produce frost resistant concrete with up to 50% of GGBS by changing some properties of the mix (such as increasing the air content). The results also showed a significant improvement of the chloride ingress resistance for concrete with high additions of GGBS.
Study on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.)

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the genetic variability present in the fourteen genotype, in which one variety is the standard check (Arka Sumeet). Observation were recorded on various yield and yield contributing traits viz., days to 1st Male Flowering, days 1st female flowering, days to 50% Flowering, node to first male flower, node to first female flower Sex Ratio, vine length cm at 90 days, days to 1st harvest, days to last harvest, fruit length, flesh thickness, rind thickness, fruit set %, fruit diameter, fruits/ Plant, average fruit weight, fruit yield/plant, fruit yield per ha. Analysis of variance showed the significant variability for all the studied characters. High values of GCV and PCV were observed for characters viz., fruit yield per plant (45.09 and 45.92), fruit yield per ha (45.10 and 45.91), fruit diameter (29.74 and 30.00), number of fruits per plant (27.42 and 28.31), average fruit weight (26.10 and 26.62), sex ratio (24.84 and 25.15), rind thickness (22.11 and 22.65), fruit length (20.01 and 20.40) and which indicates the presence of high genetic variation. Were high heritability coupled with high genetic advance observed for the traits viz, fruit yield per hectare, Fruit yield per Plant, Fruit diameter, No. Fruits per Plant, average weight, node to first female flower, sex ratio, rind thickness, fruit length, vine length cm at 90 day, flesh thickness, node to first male flower, days to taken first female flower and fruit set percent which indicates presence of additive gene action and demands for population improvement by selection.