Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of climatic variability and soil quality on the production of large cardamom in Dhankuta

This research was objectively carried out to assess the current status of large cardamom production, major climatic induced impact on production and challenges faced by farmers of Dhankuta district and soil fertility status. The local farmers were categorized as large, medium and small. The farmers of Majhgaun-4 of Pakhribas municipality and Namjang-6 of Chhattar Jorpati municipality growing large cardamom were selected for this study. The field work was conducted applying stratified random sampling between July to August, 2019.Total 90 questionnaire survey and 2 key informant interview were organized to collect the primary data. Total 20 soil samples were collected from 0-30 cm depth. Besides, monthly data of temperature and rainfall were collected from Department of Hydrology and Meteorology. The result showed that the average household production of large, medium and small farmers of Majhgaun-4 has been decreasing with an average rate of 0.363 ton/ha, 0.088 ton/ha 0.078 ton/ha per year respectively. Mann Kendall’s tau correlation showed that there was a significant relationship of average annual temperature and average temperature of critical season of Pakhribas and Dhankuta station having R values 0.733 and 0.643 respectively. The rainfall in both the station Pakhribas and Dhankuta , was decreasing with the rate of -2.696 and -8.618 mm/year. The relation between average household production and average temperature of critical season of Majhgaun was significant. The soil fertility of Majhgaun was the best. The principal component analysis showed that the highest challenges faced by farmers was disease and followed by drought. This research will be useful for large cardamom experts. Keywords: Climate change, large cardamom, productivity, soil fertility status.
Effect Infection of Azotobacter Chroococcum, Azospirillum Brasilense, Poultry Residues in Ammonium Concentration and (Sorghum Bicolor L.)

A field experiment was carried out in one of the fields located in Al Muthanna Governorate / Samawa district / Mohamed Ali region in sedimentary soil with Silt Clay in the autumn season of 2018 To study the effect of Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, poultry residue in ammonium concentration and growth of white maize(Plant height, dry matter weight, available soil content of ammonium) The experiment was designed using a three-replicated (R.C.B.D) experiment. Experimental factors included two levels of Azospirillum brasilense (infection and without infection) and two levels of Azotobacter chroococcum (infection and no infection) and three levels of poultry waste (0.3, 5)T.ha-1 Respectively, and sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench was cultured on 23/7/2018. The results of the field experiment can be summarized as follows: A baselines injection was given a significant increase in plant length, dry matter content and the soil content of ammonium concentration at the time of flowering Reaching 204.08 cm, 784 T.h-1 , 77.48 mg NH-4 kg-1 soil respectively compared to the control treatment. A single bacterial infection with A. chroococcum gave a significant increase in all the above traits, reaching 204.59 cm, 1.785 T.ha-1,77.73 (mg NH4-kg-1 soil), respectively, compared with control treatment. The level of 5 t . h - 1 of the poultry residues increased significantly in all the above qualities, reaching 206.93 cm and 1.88 T.ha-1 , 78.78 mg NH4-kg-1 soil, respectively, compared to control treatment. Interval treatment (A.brasilense + 5 T.h -1 poultry waste) significantly increased dry matter content and the soil content of ammonium during the period of flowering amounted to 2.00 t.h-1, 38 mg NH4 - kg-1 soil, respectively compared with the control treatment. Treatment of interaction (A.chroococcum + 5 T. h-1 Poultry residues) significant increase in the soil content of ammonium during the period of flowering amounted to 81.66 (mg NH4- Kg -1 soil) compared to control treatment. The treatment was of interaction duple (A.brasilense + A.chroococcum) gave a significant increase in the dry matter yield of 1.89 t.ha-1 . the treatment of the tripal interaction was given significant increase ( Abrasilense + A.chroococcum + 5 t. h-1 Poultry residues )significant increase in all of the above characteristics Reaching 216.60 cm and 2.14 tons. , 83.68 (mg NH4 kg-1 soil), respectively, compared to the control treatment, Which gave a lower set.
Membangun Komunitas Belajar Melalui Lesson Study Model Transcript Based Learning Analysis (TBLA) dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah

Lesson Study as a solution to build learning communities (Learning Communities) between teachers, students, and academics. In particular, it helps to construct events during dialogue transcripts. The TBLA model is believed to be able to open problems that occur based on in-depth input based on the dialogue that occurs. Therefore, this study aims to describe the implementation of lesson study in the history of subjects in SMA Negeri 7 Banjarmasin. A qualitative approach with the descriptive method is used to describe the results of research. Three stages of data collection are passed by the researcher as a procedure of the human research instrument. Ten informants were obtained to provide data validity based on Miles Hubermen’s interactive model analysis and data validity testing with triangulation techniques. The results of the study performed an improvement that is seen from occurred conversation quality between teachers and students. The quality of learning improvement indicates students’ historical thinking ability. This ability appears when students can conclude the material with analogy as well as chronologically and contextual elaboration. This circumstance makes learning situation not only become teacher domination yet increasing student’s participation in the discussion. The highlighted case becomes an indication that learning activities open up open spaces towards the learning community.
The Impact of the Corporate Social Responsibility on Employees’ Loyalty in Higher Education Sector

With current Covid-19 pandemic, businesses are losing their profits. An attempt to reduce this lose, companies shrinks their businesses. A huge number of employees lose their jobs. The rest of the employed ones suffer from the job insecurity. Hence, in the unprecedented situation, businesses are keen on enhancing their employees’ loyalty. This empirical study aims to extend the literature by testing the impact of the corporate social responsibility on the employee’s loyalty in higher education context. Data has been collected from the staff working in private universities in Egypt. Analysing 327 valid questionnaires using the Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modelling confirms the positive effect of the ethical responsibility and philanthropic responsibility. Theoretical, managerial and social research implications are
Battling Uncertainty: Corporate Disclosures of COVID-19 in Earnings Conference Calls and Annual Reports

This study examines the informativeness of firm disclosures related to COVID-19 in earnings conference calls and annual reports (10-K) during the first quarter of 2020 when firms face tremendous uncertainty and little regulatory guidance. We find that investors react to COVID-19 related discussions made during the presentation of the conference calls but not to those during the Q&A session. We further find that managers’ tone does not provide information incremental to the COVID-19 discussions. This finding suggests that investors fixate their attention on the overwhelming event and ignore the sentiment signals from firm managers. In our determinants model, we find that the extent of COVID-19 related discussions largely depends on industry membership and time effects, and does not depend on performance and firm characteristics. In our analysis using 10-Ks, we find that COVID-19 related disclosures are associated with short-term abnormal returns, suggesting that these disclosures are informative to the equity market. More interestingly, we find that risk disclosures in the Risk Factor Disclosure (RFD) section in the 10-K do not trigger any short-term market reactions after we exclude the COVID-19 related disclosures, again suggesting that disclosures about the overwhelming event COVID-19 crowd out investors’ attention on other risk information. Finally, we find a negative market reaction to firms that apply for the SEC’s extension on filing deadlines, even though the relief was specifically granted for COVID-19, suggesting that the market generally interprets late filings as negative events, even in scenarios outside of the firms’ control.
Experiencias de Docencia Virtual en Facultades de Medicina Españolas durante la pandemia COVID-19 (II): Farmacología, Inmunología.

We present a summary of the activities that some professors of Schools of Medicine of Spain have carried out during the 3 weeks prior to spring break. During that time, due to COVID-19, face-to-face teaching had to be replaced by online or virtual activities, due to the implementation of the state of alarm in Spain, which led to the complete closure of the Universities since March 13, 2020. The experiences are from Pharmacology and Immunology.
Design and testing of electronic circuits to improve performance of automatic adjustment systems which equip sprinkling machinery

The use of electronic regulators, in order to correlate the working parameters at sprinkling machines, requires a study to assess the performances of the regulation process in working conditions. Given that the parameters to be correlated are physical sizes, the equipment must be fitted with appropriate sensors to perform the conversion into electrical sizes. Processing the input information, present in the form of electrical voltages, can be achieved only by a specialized circuit of comparator type. To operate properly the liquid flow control valve, this circuit will have to generate different commands in the form of electrical signals. Having low values, these signals are not at the required level to operate the electric motor used for actuating the control valve. Therefore, it is necessary to amplify them to an appropriate level by a power amplifier. The amplifier must be able to put the motor rotor in short-circuit mode with the cancellation of each adjustment command. This mode of operation ensures strong braking and stoppage almost instantaneously of the rotor. This fact has favourable consequences on accuracy of flow adjustment. For optimum operation of the equipment, the design of these circuits was done so as to ensure a maximum sensitivity by eliminating self-oscillating work regimes. Experiments were performed simulating on adequate stands the real working process of a sprayer, equipped with such a regulator. Testing in laboratory conditions has the following purposes: checking the functioning of some important electronic circuits, which are components of the adjusting system; establishing the performances of the adjustment system, from the point of the quality of the adjusting process. Analysis of the obtained results from the tests demonstrates that the hysteresis of the comparator circuit is10 mV, in accordance with the setting, ensuring a good sensitivity during operation and also the elimination of the over-adjustment phenomenon. Amplifying the signals at the 9 V value, the power amplifier ensures a proper reversal of the sense of rotation of the actuating electric motor and putting in short-circuit mode for its quick stop. Due to the correct operation of the designed circuits, the adjustment function is performed correctly, the deviation from the prescribed adjustment report being just 0.2 %.
Genetic Diversity of Potato Based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Simple Sequence Repeat Marker

Various potato clones are cultivated by farmers in Banjarnegara and Wonosobo , Central Java, Indonesia such as MZ, NH1, NH2, Vega, Gareta, Granola, Bliss, Merah (Red Potato), Ungu (Purple Potato), Klon_17 (K17), Local Dieng, Margahayu, and X. This encourages the importance of genetic diversity and genetic similarities. This study aimed to analyze genetic diversity and genetic similarities between 13 accessions of potatoes based on seven Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primer s and nine pairs of Simple Sequence Repeat Marker (SSR) primer s. The results showed that RAPD and SSR primers could be used to analyze genetic diversity and genetic similarities of 13 potatoes accessions from Banjarnegara and Wonosobo. The PLP value was 80.9% in the RAPD primer and 65.41% in the SSR primer. Four RAPD primer s were informative based on PIC value: OPG 08, OPM 19, OPP 13, and OPX 04. Three SSR primer were informative: STM 2005, RGH- SSR 8, and S tI 035. Genetic similarities presented by Phylogenetic tree analysis resulted in two main clusters. The first cluster consisted of Granola, MZ, Ungu (Purple potato), Merah (Red Potato), Local Dieng, Margahayu, Gareta, Vega, NH2, NH1, Klon_17 (K17), and Bliss. The second cluster consisted of X. Granola and MZ having a high genetic similarity with a genetic distance of 0.07 and 0.132. Meanwhile, K17 and X had a low genetic similarity with a genetic distance of 0.31 and 0.987.
Early Cartilage Degeneration: Correlation of Micro-Structural and Proteomic Analysis

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Comparative study of the physicochemical properties of male and female flutted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis)

Fluted pumpkin ( Telfairia occidentalis ) is a dioecious greenish leafy vegetable plant cultivated for its delicious and medicinal purposes in Nigeria. The research was aimed at comparing the phytochemical and physicochemical properties of the male and female fluted pumpkin leaves. Fresh leaves of male and female T. occidentalis collected from farm in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria were air dried and ground for the tests. Qualitative and further quantitative analyses of the leaves were carried out, while proximate analysis were determined using titrimetric methods. The mineral constituents of the male and female plants were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results of the research showed that alkaloid, saponin, phenol, and tannins in the male leaf obtained 0.12 g, 0.08 g, 7.45 g, and 0.86 g, while in the female leaf, the values were 0.11 g, 0.12 g, 9.46 g, and 0.87 g respectively. Ash content, crude protein content, and crude fibre content in the female leaf plant were 33.22%, 33.33%, and 12.71% higher than values obtained in the male leaf of the plant. Mineral composition showed that calcium had the highest concentration in the two sexes examined (7.5 Mg/L for male and 8.4 Mg/L for female) followed by sodium with 4.50 Mg/L (male) and 3.25 Mg/L (female), while the least concentration of 0.001 Mg/L was obtained for both the male and female sexes. The amino acid profile of the plants for the two sexes showed that leusine obtained the highest value of 6.20 g/100g protein, while the least value of 0.81 g/100g protein was also obtained in the male leaf. Other amino acid present in the sampled leaves include lysine, valine, and histidine. Vitamin C had the highest concentration of 12.33 Mg/100g (male) and 14.20 Mg/100g (female). Vitamin thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and cobalamine obtained values ranging from 0.12-0.64 Mg/100g. Findings showed that the male and female T. occidentalis leaves contain an array of important components needed for body development. Differences between the sexes likely resulted from ecological variations, mineral uptake, and genetic factors imposed on the plants by the environment. While the study presented evidences that the female plant leaves contains higher values of components, leaves from both sexes could be employed to supplement feeding needs among impoverished populations.
Characterization of Virulence Factors and Prophage Profiles of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from a Referral Hospital in Tehran, Iran

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been considered as an important pathogen with a variety of virulence factors in communities and hospitals worldwide. Objectives: In this study, we focused on the detection of different virulence factors and enterotoxin genes of MRSA strains isolated from a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran. Moreover, the presence of different prophage types was studied. Methods: A total of 491 MRSA strains were isolated during three years from a referral hospital in Tehran. The staphylococcal enterotoxin (sea-seq) and pvl, hlb, sak, eta and tst genes were detected. A multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used for prophage typing of MRSA isolates. Results: Totally, 11 enterotoxin and 5 virulence factor genes were detected in MRSA strains. The sea, sek, seq, and hlb genes were present in all the MRSA and other enterotoxin genes. sel, seg, sem, sei, sen, seo, sec and sep were detected in 32.8, 20.3, 12.6, 8.3, 4.1, 2.6, 1.6 and 0.4 of the strains, respectively. A total of 93, 81, 15.9 and 5.7 of the strains harbored the sak, eta, tst and pvl genes, respectively. SGF, SGFa and SGFb proghage type genes were detected in 100 of the MRSA strains, and four different prophage patterns were identified among the strains. Conclusions: The presence of different prophage-encoded virulence factors among MRSA strains enable MRSA to produce a broad range of diseases, indicating MRSA strains as a potential threat to patients’ health. © 2018, Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases.
The Potential of High Resolution (5 m) RapidEye Optical Data to Estimate Above Ground Biomass at the National Level over Tanzania

In this paper, we review the potential of high resolution optical satellite data to reduce the significant investment in resources required for a national field survey for producing estimates of above ground biomass (AGB). We use 5 m resolution RapidEye optical data to support a country wide biomass inventory with the objective of bringing to the attention of the traditional forestry sector the advantages of integrating remote sensing data in the planning and execution of field data acquisition. We analysed the relationship between AGB estimates from a subset of the national survey field plot data collected by the Tanzania Forest Service, with a set of remote sensing biophysical parameters extracted from a sample of fine spatial (5 m) resolution RapidEye images using a regression estimator. We processed RapidEye data using image segmentation for 76 sample sites each of 20 km by 20 km (covering 2.3% of the land area of the country) to image objects of 1 ha. We extracted reflectance and texture information from those objects which overlapped with the field plot data and tested correlations between the two using four different models: Two models from inferential statistics and two models from machine learning. The best results were found using the random forests algorithm (R2 = 0.69). The most important explicative factor extracted from the remote sensing data was the shadow index, measuring the absorption of light in the visible bands. The model was then applied to all image objects on the RapidEye images to obtain AGB for each of the 76 sample sites, which were then interpolated to estimate the AGB stock at the national scale. Using the relative efficiency measure, we assessed the improvement that the introduction of remote sensing data brings to obtain an AGB estimate at the national level, with the same precision as the full survey. The improvement in the precision of the estimate (by reducing its variance) resulted in a relative efficiency of 3.2. This demonstrates that the introduction of remote sensing data at this fine resolution can substantially reduce the number of field plots required, in this case threefold.
Prickly Ash Seed Kernel: A New Bio-Fumigation Material Against Tobacco Black Shank

The present study evaluated the fumigant effect and potential mechanisms of Chinese prickly ash seed kernel (PSK) against tobacco black shank caused by Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan. The results showed that PSK fumigant increased the soil organic matter, hydrolysable nitrogen, available potassium, and total phosphorus significantly, while the pH was decreased. Application of 2% PSK promoted plant growth, with higher plant height, root length, and dry weight compared to those in the treatment with no PSK. Both in vitro and in vivo tests indicated that PSK fumigant effectively inhibited mycelial growth of P. nicotianae, and significantly reduced the severity of tobacco black shank. Based on the analysis of volatiles in PSK by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 28 components were identified, among which monoterpenes were the major components (accounting for 79.46% of peak area). Among the six top components, linalool, piperitone, sabinene, and limonene exhibited strong mycelial inhibition of P. nicotianae. Linalool was the most effective with an IC50 value of 18.03 μL/L. Results of GC-MS revealed that the main components of PSK extract were cis-Vaccenic acid (40.81%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (15.67%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (15.25%), Ethanone-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)- (10.32%), cis-9-Hexadecenoic acid (6.21%), and Psilocin (11.75%). Among them, Ethanone-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)- and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- have an obvious inhibitory effect on P. nicotianae. Additionally, changes in soil bacterial and fungal communities were observed. The relative abundance of some microbes, such as Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Thermomonas, Glutamicibacter, Dyella, and Trichoderma, increased, which have many beneficial microbes in these genera, indicating that microbial community shift could be one of the important outcomes of the PSK fumigant effect. In conclusion, PSK could be a new bio-fumigation material against plant soilborne pathogens, which can function as both a fungicide and fertilizer.
Comparison of Ion-Channel Subunit Expression in Canine Cardiac Purkinje Fibers and Ventricular Muscle

Although Purkinje fibers (PFs) play an important role in cardiac electrophysiology, almost nothing is known about the expression of ion-channel subunits in PFs. We applied competitive reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry to compare the expression of ion-channel subunit mRNA and protein in canine PFs versus ventricular muscle (VM). For transient outward current–related subunits, Kv4.2 was not detected, and Kv1.4 expression was extremely low. Kv4.3 expression was of the same order for VM and PFs. The tetraethylammonium chloride–sensitive subunit Kv3.4 was expressed much more strongly in PFs than in VM, and Kv channel–interacting protein transcript expression was 25-fold stronger in VM than in PFs. For delayed rectifiers, ERG and KvLQT1 expression was lower in PFs at both mRNA and protein levels. Although minK transcripts were more numerous in PFs, minK protein was significantly more strongly expressed in VM. L-type Ca2+ current α-subunit (CaV1.2) and Na+.