Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of university fund revenue and expenditure based on fuzzy time series with a periodic factor

Financial management and decision-making of universities play an essential role in their development. Predicting fund revenue and expenditure of universities can provide a necessary basis for funds risk prevention. For the lack of solid data reference for financial management and funds risk prevention in colleges and universities, this paper presents a prediction model of University fund revenue and expenditure based on fuzzy time series with a periodic factor. Combined with the fuzzy time series, this prediction method introduces the periodic factor of university funds. The periodic factor is used to adjust the proportion of the predicted value of the fuzzy time series and the periodic observation value. A fund revenue prediction model and a fund expenditure prediction model are constructed, and an experiment is carried out with the actual financial data of a university in China. The experimental result shows the effectiveness of the proposed model, which can provide solid references for financial management and funds risk prevention in universities.
Mesiotemporal Volumetry, Cortical Thickness, and Neuropsychological Deficits in the Long-term Course of Limbic Encephalitis

Background and Objectives Limbic encephalitis (LE) is an autoimmune disease often associated with temporal lobe epilepsy and subacute memory deficits. It is categorized into serologic subgroups, which differ in clinical progress, therapy response, and prognosis. Using longitudinal MRI analysis, we hypothesized that mesiotemporal and cortical atrophy rates would reveal serotype-specific patterns and reflect disease severity. Methods In this longitudinal case-control study, all individuals with antibody-positive (glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 [GAD], leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 [LGI1], contactin-associated protein 2 [CASPR2], and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor [NMDAR]) nonparaneoplastic LE according to Graus' diagnostic criteria treated between 2005 and 2019 at the University Hospital Bonn were enrolled. A longitudinal healthy cohort was included as the control group. Subcortical segmentation and cortical reconstruction of T1-weighted MRI were performed using the longitudinal framework in FreeSurfer. We applied linear mixed models to examine mesiotemporal volumes and cortical thickness longitudinally. Results Two hundred fifty-seven MRI scans from 59 individuals with LE (34 female, age at disease onset [mean ± SD] 42.5 ± 20.4 years; GAD: n = 30, 135 scans; LGI1: n = 15, 55 scans; CASPR2: n = 9, 37 scans; and NMDAR: n = 5, 30 scans) were included. The healthy control group consisted of 128 scans from 41 individuals (22 female, age at first scan [mean ± SD] 37.7 ± 14.6 years). The amygdalar volume at disease onset was significantly higher in individuals with LE (p ≤ 0.048 for all antibody subgroups) compared with that in healthy controls and decreased over time in all antibody subgroups, except in the GAD subgroup. We observed a significantly higher hippocampal atrophy rate in all antibody subgroups compared with that in healthy controls (all p ≤ 0.002), except in the GAD subgroup. Cortical atrophy rates exceeded normal aging in individuals with impaired verbal memory, while those who were not impaired did not differ significantly from healthy controls. Discussion Our data depict higher mesiotemporal volumes in the early disease stage, most likely due to edematous swelling, followed by volume regression and atrophy/hippocampal sclerosis in the late disease stage. Our study reveals a continuous and pathophysiologically meaningful trajectory of mesiotemporal volumetry across all serogroups and provides evidence that LE should be considered a network disorder in which extratemporal involvement is an important determinant of disease severity.
PROTOCOL: Assessment of outcome reporting bias in studies included in Campbell systematic reviews

Abstract This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: To identify methods used to assess the risk of outcome reporting bias (ORB) in studies included in recent Campbell systematic reviews of intervention effects. The review will answer the following questions: What proportion of recent Campbell reviews included assessment of ORB? How did recent reviews define levels of risk of ORB (what categories, labels, and definitions did they use)? To what extent and how did these reviews use study protocols as sources of data on ORB? To what extent and how did reviews document reasons for judgments about risk of ORB? To what extent and how did reviews assess the inter‐rater reliability of ORB ratings? To what extent and how were issues of ORB considered in the review's abstract, plain language summary, and conclusions?
A modeling-based approach to optimize COVID-19 vaccine dosing schedules for improved protection

While the development of different vaccines has slowed the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2, the occurrence of breakthrough infections continues to fuel the pandemic. As a strategy to secure at least partial protection, with a single dose of a given COVID-19 vaccine to maximum possible fraction of the population, delayed administration of subsequent doses (or boosters) has been implemented in many countries. However, waning immunity and emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 suggest that such measures may jeopardize the attainment of herd immunity due to intermittent lapses in protection. Optimizing vaccine dosing schedules could thus make the difference between periodic occurrence of breakthrough infections or effective control of the pandemic. To this end, we have developed a mechanistic mathematical model of adaptive immune response to vaccines and demonstrated its applicability to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines as a proof-of-concept for future outbreaks. The model was thoroughly calibrated against multiple clinical datasets involving immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA vaccines in healthy and immunocompromised subjects (cancer patients undergoing therapy); the model showed robust clinical validation by accurately predicting neutralizing antibody kinetics, a correlate of vaccine-induced protection, in response to multiple doses of mRNA vaccines. Importantly, we estimated population vulnerability to breakthrough infections and predicted tailored vaccination dosing schedules to maximize protection and thus minimize breakthrough infections, based on the immune status of a sub-population. We have identified a critical waiting window for cancer patients (or, immunocompromised subjects) to allow recovery of the immune system (particularly CD4+ T-cells) for effective differentiation of B-cells to produce neutralizing antibodies and thus achieve optimal vaccine efficacy against variants of concern, especially between the first and second doses. Also, we have obtained optimized dosing schedules for subsequent doses in healthy and immunocompromised subjects, which vary from the CDC-recommended schedules, to minimize breakthrough infections. The developed modeling tool is based on generalized adaptive immune response to antigens and can thus be leveraged to guide vaccine dosing schedules during future outbreaks.
Global, regional and national burden of orofacial clefts from 1990 to 2019: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Abstract Background Orofacial clefts are the most common congenital malformation, but the global burden and trends of orofacial clefts have not been comprehensively analysed. The aim of this study was to assess the global incidence, deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of orofacial clefts by countries, regions, sex and sociodemographic index (SDI) from 1990 to 2019. Methods The data on orofacial clefts were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The incidence, deaths and DALYs were analysed by countries, regions, sex and SDI. Age-standardized rates and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were calculated to evaluate the burden and temporal trend of orofacial clefts. The association between EAPC and the human development index was assessed. Results Globally, the incidence, deaths and DALYs of orofacial clefts decreased from 1990 to 2019. The high SDI region showed the biggest downward trend in incidence rate from 1990 to 2019, along with the lowest age-standardized death rate and DALY rate. Some countries, such as Suriname and Zimbabwe, experienced increased death rate and DALY rate over time. The age-standardized death rate and DALY rate were negatively associated with the level of socioeconomic development. Conclusion Global achievement is evident in the control of the burden of orofacial clefts. The future focus of prevention should be on low-income countries, such as South Asia and Africa, by increasing healthcare resources and improving quality. KEY MESSAGES This is the most recent estimate of the global epidemiology of orofacial clefts, with some countries not previously assessed. The global burden of orofacial clefts showed downward trends from 1990 to 2019; however, some low-income countries are still suffering from increasing burdens. Effective measures should be taken to reduce the burden of orofacial clefts in the uncontrolled regions.
A review of the development of gangrene in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus – A 44-year follow-up study

Objectives This review addresses the question of what happens long-term to those systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients who develop gangrene. It also seeks to find common clinical and serological features, risk factors and triggers and how best to manage this challenging complication. Methods We reviewed 850 patients with SLE attending a UK tertiary referral center, followed up over 44 years, assessing their demographics, clinical and serological features, treatment in the acute phase, their long-term outcome and long-term management. Results Ten out of 850 patients (1.2%) developed gangrene; the mean age of onset was 17 years (range 12–26 years) Eight out of 10 patients had a single episode of gangrene. One of the other two was not willing to have anticoagulation. The first episode of gangrene ranged from presentation to 32 years after SLE onset, mean duration of SLE at the onset of the gangrene was 18.5 years SD 11.5 years. Anti-phospholipid (PL) antibodies were over-represented in the patients with gangrene. All had active SLE at the time the gangrene developed. All patients were treated with intravenous (IV) iloprost infusions, and the antiphospholipid-antibody positive patients were anti-coagulated, most staying on long term anticoagulation. Underlying possible triggers were treated appropriately. Two patients who did not respond to the initial treatment needed further immunosuppression. All patients suffered digit loss. Conclusion Although rare, gangrene is a sinister, potentially late developing complication of SLE, it rarely recurs. It is associated with anti-phospholipid antibodies, active disease, and other possible triggers such as infection and cancer. Anticoagulation therapy, steroids and iloprost, and further immunosuppression may be needed to stop the evolution of gangrene.
Complex relationships between inflammatory manifestations/type 1 and type 2 symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus: A narrative literature review

Objective Recent studies have highlighted that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by different types of symptoms: type 1 symptoms related to inflammation and disease activity and type 2 symptoms such as fatigue, anxiety-depression, and pain. Our aim was to investigate the relation between type 1 and type 2 symptoms, and their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in SLE. Methods A literature review was conducted about disease activity/type1 and type 2 symptoms. Articles in English published after 2000 were located on Medline via Pubmed. The articles chosen evaluated at least one type 2 symptom or HRQoL using a validated scale in adult patients. Results Overall, 182 articles were analyzed and 115 were retained including 21 randomized, controlled trials and corresponding to 36 831 patients. We found that in SLE, inflammatory activity/type 1 symptoms were mostly uncorrelated with type 2 symptoms and/or HRQoL. Several studies even showing an inverse relationship. No or weak correlation was observed in 85, 3% (92, 6%), 76, 7% (74, 4%) and 37, 5% (73, 1%) of studies (patients) for fatigue, anxiety-depression, and pain, respectively. For HRQoL, no or weak correlation was observed in 77, 5% of studies (88% of patients). Conclusion Type 2 symptoms are poorly correlated with inflammatory activity/type 1 symptoms in SLE. Possible explanations and implications for clinical care and therapeutic evaluation are discussed.
Molecular Epidemiology of Bulgarian Clinically Significant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates

Abstract Severe infections due to highly virulent and resistant Staphylococcus aureus pose a serious health threat in Bulgaria and worldwide. The purpose of this study was to explore the clonal spread of recent clinically significant methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates from inpatients and outpatients treated in three university hospitals in Sofia, Bulgaria, during the period 2016–2020 and evaluate the relationship between their molecular epidemiology, virulence profiling, and antimicrobial resistance. A total of 85 isolates (invasive and noninvasive) were studied using RAPD analysis. Ten major clusters (A-K) were identified. The first major cluster A (31.8%) was found to be predominant during 2016 and 2017 and was widespread in two hospitals, unlike its case in the following years, when it was found to be replaced by newer cluster groups. All MSSA members of the second most common cluster F (11.8%) were recovered from the Military Medical Academy, mainly during 2018–2020, and were determined to be susceptible to all other groups of antimicrobials, except for penicillins without inhibitors because they harboured the blaZ gene. The newer cluster I, with 9.4% of the isolates absent in 2016–2017, showed significantly higher virulence and macrolide resistance (42.9%) due to ermB and ermC. All the isolated MSSA in groups F and I were nosocomial and mostly invasive. In conclusion, this 5-year study demonstrates the molecular epidemiology of MSSA infections in three Bulgarian hospitals. Findings can be helpful for the understanding of staphylococcal infection distribution in hospital settings and their prevention. Graphical Abstract
Coccidioides undetected in soils from agricultural land and uncorrelated with time or the greater soil fungal community on undeveloped land

Coccidioidomycosis is a typically respiratory fungal disease that, in the United States, occurs primarily in Arizona and California. In California, most coccidioidomycosis cases occur in the San Joaquin Valley, a primarily agricultural region where the disease poses a risk for outdoor workers. We collected 710 soil samples and 265 settled dust samples from nine sites in the San Joaquin Valley and examined how Coccidioides detection varied by month, site, and the presence and abundance of other fungal species. We detected Coccidioides in 89 of 238 (37.4%) rodent burrow soil samples at five undeveloped sites and were unable to detect Coccidioides in any of 472 surface and subsurface soil samples at four agricultural sites. In what is the largest sampling effort undertaken on agricultural land, our results provide no evidence that agricultural soils in the San Joaquin Valley harbor Coccidioides. We found no clear association between Coccidioides and the greater soil fungal community, but we identified 19 fungal indicator species that were significantly associated with Coccidioides detection in burrows. We also did not find a seasonal pattern in Coccidioides detection in the rodent burrow soils we sampled. These findings suggest both the presence of a spore bank and that coccidioidomycosis incidence may be more strongly associated with Coccidioides dispersal than Coccidioides growth. Finally, we were able to detect Coccidioides in only five of our 265 near-surface settled dust samples, one from agricultural land, where Coccidioides was undetected in soils, and four from undeveloped land, where Coccidioides was common in the rodent burrow soils we sampled. Our ability to detect Coccidioides in few settled dust samples indicates that improved methods are likely needed moving forward, though raises questions regarding aerial dispersal in Coccidioides, whose key transmission event likely occurs over short distances in rodent burrows from soil to naïve rodent lungs.
Efficacy and safety of the combined use of ipilimumab and nivolumab for melanoma patients with brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Context Immune checkpoint inhibitors have advanced immunotherapy for melanoma patients. Objective: This study evaluates efficacy and safety of ipilimumab and nivolumab combination (IN) for melanoma brain metastases (MBM) patients. Materials and methods Literature search was conducted in electronic databases and studies were included if they reported efficacy and safety of IN in MBM patients or prognostic information related to brain metastases. Outcomes evaluated were objective response rate (ORR), complete remission/stable disease/progressive disease rates, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), incidence rates of adverse events, and hazard ratios of disease progression or mortality between IN-treated patients with and without brain metastasis. Results Intracranial ORR was higher in IN-treated MBM patients than with control therapies (nivolumab or ipilimumab plus fotemustine). IN treatment led to longer PFS and OS in than control treatments. Five-year OS of IN-treated MBM patients was up to 51% compared to 34% for nivolumab. Outcomes were better for treatment naïve and asymptomatic patients. Whereas many studies reported significantly higher mortality or progression risk with IN treatment in MBM patients compared to non-MBM melanoma patients, many others did not find this risk significant. Incidence of grade 3/4 adverse events in IN-treated MBM patients was: diarrhea or colitis (16%), hepatitis (15%), rash (8%), increased alanine transaminase (8%), increased aspartate aminotransferase (7%), increased lipase (6%), increased amylase (4%), fatigue (3%), hypophysitis (2%), pneumonitis (2%), headache (2%), nausea or vomiting (1%), and neutropenia (1%). Conclusion IN is an efficacious and safer treatment option for MBM patients, especially for asymptomatic and treatment naïve patients.
Trans-axillary approach enhances postoperative recovery after mitral valve surgery.

OBJECTIVES Several thoracic incisions have been described and different techniques used for cardiopulmonary bypass, myocardial protection, and valve exposure in minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS). Aim of this study is to compare the early outcomes of patients operated using a simplified minimally invasive approach through a right trans-axillary (TAxA) access with those achieved with conventional full sternotomy (FS) operations. METHODS Prospectively collected data of patients who underwent mitral valve surgery between 2017 and 2022 at two academic centres were reviewed. Among them, 454 patients were operated through MIMVS TAxA access and 667 patients through FS; associated aortic and CABG procedures, infective endocarditis, redo and urgent operations were excluded. A propensity match analysis was performed using seventeen preoperative variables. RESULTS Two well balanced cohorts including a total of 804 patients were analysed. The rate of mitral valve repair was similar in both groups. Operative times were shorter in FS group, nevertheless in patients operated with a minimally invasive approach there was a trend towards decreasing crossclamp time over the study period (p = 0.07). In TAxA group 30-day mortality was 0.25%, postoperative cerebral stroke rate was 0.7%. TAxA mitral surgery was associated with shorter intubation time (p < 0.001) and ICU stay (p < 0.001). After a median hospital stay of 8 days, 30% of patients who had TAxA surgery were discharged home vs. 5% in the FS group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS When compared with FS access, TAxA approach provides at least similar excellent early outcomes in terms of perioperative morbidity and mortality and allows shorter mechanical ventilation time, ICU and postoperative hospital stay with a higher rate of patients able to be discharged home without any further period of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation.
Is There a Sex Difference in the Prognosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Background It is still unclear whether there is a sex difference in the prognosis of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Therefore, we performed a meta‐analysis to elucidate the association between sex and adverse outcomes in patients with HCM. Methods and Results The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were used to search for studies on sex differences in prognosis in patients with HCM up to August 17, 2021. Summary effect sizes were calculated using a random effects model. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) (registration number‐ CRD42021262053). A total of 27 cohorts involving 42 365 patients with HCM were included. Compared with male subjects, female subjects had a higher age at onset (mean difference=5.61 [95% CI, 4.03–7.19]), a higher left ventricular ejection fraction (standard mean difference=0.09 [95% CI, 0.02–0.15]) and a higher left ventricular outflow tract gradient (standard mean difference=0.23 [95% CI, 0.18–0.29]). The results showed that compared with male subjects with HCM, female subjects had higher risks of HCM‐related events (risk ratio [RR]=1.61 [95% CI, 1.33–1.94], I 2=49%), major cardiovascular events (RR=3.59 [95% CI, 2.26–5.71], I 2=0%), HCM‐related death (RR=1.57 [95% CI, 1.34–1.82], I 2=0%), cardiovascular death (RR=1.55 [95% CI, 1.05–2.28], I 2=58%), noncardiovascular death (RR=1.77 [95% CI, 1.46–2.13], I 2=0%) and all‐cause mortality (RR=1.43 [95% CI, 1.09–1.87], I 2=95%), but not atrial fibrillation (RR=1.13 [95% CI, 0.95–1.35], I 2=5%), ventricular arrhythmia (RR=0.88 [95% CI, 0.71–1.10], I 2=0%), sudden cardiac death (RR=1.04 [95% CI, 0.75–1.42], I 2=38%) or composite end point (RR=1.24 [95% CI, 0.96–1.60], I 2=85%). Conclusions Based on current evidence, our results show significant sex‐specific differences in the prognosis of HCM. Future guidelines may emphasize the use of a sex‐specific risk assessment for the diagnosis and management of HCM.
Pressure‐dependent growth controls 3D architecture of Pseudomonas putida microcolonies

Abstract Colony formation is key to many ecological and biotechnological processes. In its early stages, colony formation involves the concourse of a number of physical and biological parameters for generation of a distinct 3D structure—the specific influence of which remains unclear. We focused on a thus far neglected aspect of the process, specifically the consequences of the differential pressure experienced by cells in the middle of a colony versus that endured by bacteria located in the growing periphery. This feature was characterized experimentally in the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida. Using an agent‐based model we recreated the growth of microcolonies in a scenario in which pressure was the only parameter affecting proliferation of cells. Simulations exposed that, due to constant collisions with other growing bacteria, cells have virtually no free space to move sideways, thereby delaying growth and boosting chances of overlapping on top of each other. This scenario was tested experimentally on agar surfaces. Comparison between experiments and simulations suggested that the inside/outside differential pressure determines growth, both timewise and in terms of spatial directions, eventually moulding colony shape. We thus argue that—at least in the case studied—mere physical pressure of growing cells suffices to explain key dynamics of colony formation.