Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms and Prediction Methods for Fan Blade Stall Flutter

A e rst aim is to distinguish between two e utter regimes that are commonly referred to as stall e utter because of their occurrence between a raised working line and the stall boundary. The e rst one is of aeroacoustic origin, and it arises from a match between the acoustic impedance of the intake duct and the upstream pressure perturbation due to fan vibration. The second type is directly related to e ow separation effects and shock properties. Further objectives are to describe several numerical prediction methods, to compare their relative computational requirements, and to establish their bounds of applicability to various e utter types. The unsteady e ow is either a linearization about a viscous nonlinear steady-state e ow for a given mode of vibration, or it is fully nonlinear. The prediction methods are classie ed according to the way they treat the unsteady e ow. In all cases, the e uid mesh was moved during the unsteady e ow computations to follow the structural motion. The performance of the methods was ranked for a rig fan blade for which measurements were available. It was found that, near the stall boundary,e utterboundary couldonlybecaptured withan adequaterepresentationoftheunsteady viscouseffects. It was concluded that the shock had a stabilizing effect whereas the separation area behind it had a destabilizing effect.
Batesian-Müllerian mimicry ring around the Oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis)

Mimicry is usually understood to be an adaptive resemblance between phylogenetically distant groups of species. In this study, we focus on Batesian and Müllerian mimicry, which are often viewed as a continuum rather than distinct phenomena, forming so-called Batesian-Müllerian mimicry rings. Despite potent defence and wide environmental niche of hornets, little attention has been paid to them as potential models in mimicry research. We propose a Batesian-Müllerian mimicry ring of the Oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis, Hymenoptera: Vespidae) consisting of eight species that coexist in the Mediterranean region. To reveal general ecological patterns, we reviewed their geographical distribution, phenology, and natural history. In accordance with the ‘model-first’ theory, Batesian mimics of this ring occurred later during a season than the Müllerian mimics. In the case of Batesian mimic Volucella zonaria (Diptera: Syrphidae), we presume that temperature-driven range expansion could lead to allopatry with its model, and, potentially, less accurate resemblance to an alternative model, the European hornet (Vespa crabro: Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Colour morphs of polymorphic species Cryptocheilus alternatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), Delta unguiculatum (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), Rhynchium oculatum (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), and Scolia erythrocephala (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) appear to display distinct geographical distribution patterns, and this is possibly driven by sympatry with alternative models from the European hornet (Vespa crabro) complex. General coevolution patterns of models and mimics in heterogenous and temporally dynamic environments are discussed, based on observations of the proposed Oriental hornet mimicry ring.
Lactulose Breath Hydrogen Test in Diagnosis of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Children

Objective To evaluate lactulose breath hydrogen test in diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in children.Me-thods Thirty-five children,aged 3 to 13 years old with mean (7.72±3.06) years old presented with chronic diarrhea,abdominal pain and flatulence.Among them,18 cases were male and 17 cases were female.Breath hydrogen test was carried out after the administration of a 0.5 g·kg-1 or 10 g lactulose,which was 100 g·L-1 solution.After the ingestion of lactulose,the breath hydrogen was collected in every 20 minutes and up to 3 hours.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth was diagnosed as positive when the hydrogen concentration increased more than 20 mg·m-3 in a sample.Results Eighteen cases in 35 (51.43%) children were positive and 17 cases were negative.Among these positive cases,8 cases in 18 (22.86%) patients were typically double peaks in breath hydrogen concentrations.Among the causes of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in children,4 cases with chronic superficial gastritis,4 cases with chronic bacterial enteritis,2 cases with malnutrition and anorexia,1 case with volvulus of stomach,1 case with massive resection of small intestine,1 case with steatorrhea and 5 cases with unknown causes.Four cases of chronic bacterial enteritis were gained remission by antimicrobial agents.The other cases were treated by lac-to-and bifidbacteria probiotics.Seven patients of the clinical systems were controlled,3 cases were improved remarkably and 4 cases were failed.Conclusions The lactulose breath hydrogen test is validated as screening test in the diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in children.Antimicrobial agents and bifidbacteria probiotics is effective in treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.
Association of Gut Microbiota with Atherogenic Dyslipidemia, and Its Impact on Serum Lipid Levels after Bariatric Surgery

Gut microbiota has been suggested to modulate circulating lipids. However, the relationship between the gut microbiota and atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD), defined as the presence of both low HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia, is not fully understood. Moreover, because obesity is among the main causes of secondary AD, it is important to analyze the effect of gut microbiota composition on lipid profiles after a weight loss intervention. We compared the microbial diversity and taxonomic composition in patients with AD (n = 41) and controls (n = 38) and sought correlations of genera abundance with serum lipid levels in 20 patients after weight loss induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Gut microbiota composition was profiled using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA. Gut microbiota diversity was significantly lower in atherogenic dyslipidemia. Moreover, relative abundance of two genera with LDA score >3.5 (Megasphaera and LPS-producing Escherichia-Shigella), was significantly higher in AD subjects, while the abundance of four short chain fatty acids (SCFA) producing-genera (Christensenellaceae R-7, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014; Akkermansia and [Eubacterium] eligens group) was significantly higher in controls. Notably, [Eubacterium] eligens group abundance was also significantly associated with higher HDL-C levels in RYGB patients one year after surgery. Although dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA) ratio and PUFA intake were higher in controls than in AD subjects, of the four genera differentiated in cases and controls, only Akkermansia abundance showed a positive and significant correlation with PUFA/SFA ratio. Our results suggest that SCFA-producing bacteria promote a healthy lipid homeostasis, while the presence of LPS-producing bacteria such Escherichia-Shigella may contribute to the development of atherogenic dyslipidemia.
On the Formation of Massive Primordial Stars

We investigate the formation by accretion of massive primordial protostars in the range of 10-300 M☉. The high accretion rate used in the models ( = 4.4 × 10-3 M☉ yr-1) causes the structure and evolution to differ significantly from those of both present-day protostars and primordial zero-age main-sequence stars. After an initial expansion of the radius (for M* ≲ 12 M☉), the protostar undergoes an extended phase of contraction (up to M* ≃ 60 M☉). The stellar surface is not visible throughout most of the main accretion phase since a photosphere is formed in the infalling envelope. Also, significant nuclear burning does not take place until a protostellar mass of about 80 M☉ is reached. As the interior luminosity approaches the Eddington luminosity, the protostellar radius rapidly expands, reaching a maximum at around 100 M☉. Changes in the ionization of the surface layers induce a secondary phase of contraction, followed by a final swelling due to radiation pressure when the stellar mass reaches about 300 M☉. This expansion is likely to signal the end of the main accretion phase, thus setting an upper limit to the protostellar mass formed in these conditions.
Effect of Board Characteristics, Capital Structure on Firm Performance and Value

The board of directors is one of the components of corporate governance used by the company to improve the firm's performance both in the long and short term so that the characteristics of the board become one of the key factors to running a good governance system for the company, even though having a good board composition is not always makes the company have a good performance because of the conflict of interest that occurs between the principal and the manager of the company so that there is a need for an in-depth study of the impact of capital structure on company performance. This study attempts to assess specifically the characteristics of the board (board size, board diversity, and audit committee) owned by the company to capital structure, then confirmed the effect of capital structure on firm performance and firm value by using ROE for performance and Tobin’s Q for firm value. Was used in the study sample 25 a company that had always entered into the LQ45 index within a time frame of 2015-2019. The technique of analysis that was used in this study was Path Analysis. The results of the testing of hypotheses found that board size and audit committee had a positive impact on capital structure, while board diversity had a negative effect on capital structure, then capital structure had a positive effect on firm performance, otherwise, the capital structure had a negative effect on firm value
Perceived Kinesiophobia and Its Association with Return to Sports Activity Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The knee joint is one of the most important joints in terms of its functions of providing great stability, movement and weight bearing. Among the contributors to knee joint stability, there is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Kinesiophobia is said to be the fear of movement or the fear of re-injury. Kinesiophobia is the most extreme form of fear of movement, and it is defined as an excessive, irrational, and debilitating fear of physical movement and activity resulting from a feeling of vulnerability to painful injury or re-injury. Aim: To estimate the prevalence and effect of kinesiophobia among patients with ACL reconstruction in the Aseer region, in southern Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional approach was used involving those patients who underwent ACL reconstruction surgery in Aseer Central Hospital during the period of October 2017 to October 2019. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) and ACL—Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale were used to determine kinesiophobia and the readiness to return to sport after ACL injury or reconstructive surgery. Result: The research included 130 ACL reconstruction patients with ages ranging from 18 to 45 years with a mean age of 27.2 + 7.5 years. More than 97% of the participants were males. In 67.7% of the cases, the right leg was affected. A total of 10.8% of the patients recorded a low level of kinesiophobia, while only 6.9% recorded a high level. Conclusions: In conclusion, the study revealed that among patients who underwent ACL reconstruction, kinesiophobia was at a moderate level. Kinesiophobia was recorded more among middle-aged patients who waited a long time from the onset of injury until the ACL reconstruction surgery time.
Actions de groupes sur les arbres

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Personalized Diagnosis and Treatment for Neuroimaging in Depressive Disorders

Depressive disorders are highly heterogeneous in nature. Previous studies have not been useful for the clinical diagnosis and prediction of outcomes of major depressive disorder (MDD) at the individual level, although they provide many meaningful insights. To make inferences beyond group-level analyses, machine learning (ML) techniques can be used for the diagnosis of subtypes of MDD and the prediction of treatment responses. We searched PubMed for relevant studies published until December 2021 that included depressive disorders and applied ML algorithms in neuroimaging fields for depressive disorders. We divided these studies into two sections, namely diagnosis and treatment outcomes, for the application of prediction using ML. Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies using ML algorithms were included. Thirty studies were summarized for the prediction of an MDD diagnosis. In addition, 19 studies on the prediction of treatment outcomes for MDD were reviewed. We summarized and discussed the results of previous studies. For future research results to be useful in clinical practice, ML enabling individual inferences is important. At the same time, there are important challenges to be addressed in the future.
A clinicopathologic study of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma,nasal type occurring in Xinjiang multiple nationalities

Background and purpose:Xinjiang,a multi-ethnic region in China,showed an increasing incidence rate of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma,nasal type(ENKTCL) in recent years.Studies have shown that the Uyghur lymphoma incidence has increased to become the fifth most common tumor type,and the median age of onset has been decreasing.This study investigated the incidence and ethnic distribution in Xinjiang of the nasal type extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma and variation in racial,genetic,or environmental factors if it was associated with its incidence.Sixty-three cases of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma,nasal type(ENKTCL) occurring in the multiple nationalities in Xinjiang were studied to see the clinical and pathologic features of this type of tumor and its relationship to Epstein-Barr virus(EBV),with an emphasis on the diagnostic approach to those problematic cases.Methods:Sixty-three patients with ENKTCL were treated in our hospital from Mar.2006 to Mar.2012. All cases were submitted for histologic assessment,the immunostaining for LCA,CD3,CD56,CD2,CD5,CD8,CD4 and cytotoxic associated protein,such as TIA1,granzyme B,perforin was performed using EnVision,and in situ hybridization detection for the EBER,clinical information were also analyzed.Results:Male patients,aged between 40 to 50 years,predominated the present series,with Han nationalities overtly out-numbered Uyghur patients.Fifty-four cases arose from the nasal cavity or the other upper respirodigestive tract whereas the remaining ones involving other extranodal sites.All the cases exhibited similar histologic changes: Necrosis and inflammatory infiltration were frequently present.Cytologic atypia as well as the angiocentric and angiodestructive growth pattern of the tumor cells were consistently noted,although the size and contour of the tumor cells varied considerably in different cases.All the cases expressed one or several T-cell markers and at least one of the cytotoxic molecules.Fifty-three cases(84%) expressed CD56,57 cases submitted for EBER detection showed positive results.Conclusion:ENKTCL affects predominantly median-aged Han Chinese in Xinjiang,with a predilection of involving nasal cavity and a strong association with high load of EBV infection.Early and correct identification of the disease in daily practice depend on the combination of morphologic evaluation,immunophenotypic assessment,and detection for EBER.
Overall Pattern Comparison of the FK5 Proper-Motion System with Hipparcos

We have performed an overall pattern comparison between the proper motions of the FK5 (Fifth Fundamental Catalogue) systems (FK5, Astrographic Catalog Reference Stars [ACRS], and PPM Catalogue) and those of Hipparcos. The global rotation (time dependent) between the two reference frames is found to be different for different stellar samples, depending on the spectral types. Taking the precessional correction Δp ≈ -3.00 ± 0.20 mas yr-1 into account, which is given by VLBI and lunar laser ranging observations, we cannot explain the systematic difference in proper motions between the two reference systems. Analyzing the Hipparcos and ACRS proper motions of ∼24,000 K–M giants, we have found a remarkably large difference in the Galactic rotation: V0 = 249.6 ± 7.0 km s-1 from the Hipparcos proper motions, and V0 = 178.3 ± 6.6 km s-1 from the ACRS proper motions. Again it implies an inconsistency of the two proper-motion systems, even if the errors of the precession and the fictitious equinoctial motion have been corrected to the ACRS proper motions.
Development and Evaluation of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for Predicting Haloperidol Exposure in Healthy and Disease Populations

The physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) approach can be used to develop mathematical models for predicting the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) of administered drugs in virtual human populations. Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic drug with a narrow therapeutic index and is commonly used in the management of several medical conditions, including psychotic disorders. Due to the large interindividual variability among patients taking haloperidol, it is very likely for them to experience either toxic or subtherapeutic effects. We intend to develop a haloperidol PBPK model for identifying the potential sources of pharmacokinetic (PK) variability after intravenous and oral administration by using the population-based simulator, PK-Sim. The model was initially developed and evaluated to predict the PK of haloperidol and its reduced metabolite in adult healthy population after intravenous and oral administration. After evaluating the developed PBPK model in healthy adults, it was used to predict haloperidol–rifampicin drug–drug interaction and was extended to tuberculosis patients. The model evaluation was performed using visual assessments, prediction error, and mean fold error of the ratio of the observed-to-predicted values of the PK parameters. The predicted PK values were in good agreement with the corresponding reported values. The effects of the pathophysiological changes and enzyme induction associated with tuberculosis and its treatment, respectively, on haloperidol PK, have been predicted precisely. For all clinical scenarios that were evaluated, the predicted values were within the acceptable two-fold error range.
Imaging the Kondo Insulating Gap on SmB6

Topological insulators host spin-polarized surface states which robustly span the band gap and hold promise for novel applications. Recent theoretical predictions have suggested that topologically protected surface states may similarly span the hybridization gap in some strongly correlated heavy fermion materials, particularly SmB6. However, the process by which the Sm 4f electrons hybridize with the 5d electrons on the surface of SmB6, and the expected Fermi-level gap in the density of states out of which the predicted topological surface states must arise, have not been directly measured. We use scanning tunneling microscopy to conduct the first atomic resolution spectroscopic study of the cleaved surface of SmB6, and to reveal a robust hybridization gap which universally spans the Fermi level on four distinct surface morphologies despite shifts in the f band energy. Using a cotunneling model, we separate the density of states of the hybridized bands from which the predicted topological surface states must be disentangled. On all surfaces we observe residual spectral weight spanning the hybridization gap down to the lowest T, which is consistent with a topological surface state.
Marine Bacterial Dextranases: Fundamentals and Applications

Dextran, a renewable hydrophilic polysaccharide, is nontoxic, highly stable but intrinsically biodegradable. The α-1, 6 glycosidic bonds in dextran are attacked by dextranase (E.C. 3.2.1.11) which is an inducible enzyme. Dextranase finds many applications such as, in sugar industry, in the production of human plasma substitutes, and for the treatment and prevention of dental plaque. Currently, dextranases are obtained from terrestrial fungi which have longer duration for production but not very tolerant to environmental conditions and have safety concerns. Marine bacteria have been proposed as an alternative source of these enzymes and can provide prospects to overcome these issues. Indeed, marine bacterial dextranases are reportedly more effective and suitable for dental caries prevention and treatment. Here, we focused on properties of dextran, properties of dextran—hydrolyzing enzymes, particularly from marine sources and the biochemical features of these enzymes. Lastly the potential use of these marine bacterial dextranase to remove dental plaque has been discussed. The review covers dextranase-producing bacteria isolated from shrimp, fish, algae, sea slit, and sea water, as well as from macro- and micro fungi and other microorganisms. It is common knowledge that dextranase is used in the sugar industry; produced as a result of hydrolysis by dextranase and have prebiotic properties which influence the consistency and texture of food products. In medicine, dextranases are used to make blood substitutes. In addition, dextranase is used to produce low molecular weight dextran and cytotoxic dextran. Furthermore, dextranase is used to enhance antibiotic activity in endocarditis. It has been established that dextranase from marine bacteria is the most preferable for removing plaque, as it has a high enzymatic activity. This study lays the groundwork for the future design and development of different oral care products, based on enzymes derived from marine bacteria.
Some New Bivariate IG and NIG-Distributions for Modelling Covariate Financial Returns

The univariate Normal Inverse Gaussian (NIG) distribution is found useful for modelling financial return data exhibiting skewness and fat tails. Multivariate versions exists, but may be impractical to implement in finance. This work explores some possibilities with links to the mixing representation of the NIG distribution by the IG-distribution. We present two approaches for constructing bivariate NIG distribution that take advantage of the correlation between the univariate latent IG-variables that characterizes the marginal NIG-distribution. These are readily available from the marginal estimation, either by maximum likelihood via the EM-algorithm or by Bayesian estimation via Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. A context for implementation in finance is given.