Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time, through the lifecourse, in the family

This paper discusses the way that individuals' time budgets are influenced by changes in their family status and circumstances. We sometimes associate life course changes in time use patterns, in an unconsidered manner, with chronological ageing. But is it really age itself, or the changing material (particularly family) circumstances associated with ageing, that cause these changes? The ideal approach to answering this question would be a household panel study large enough to provide sufficient instances of the various relevant changes in material circumstances, to model their temporal consequences. However the only available time-diary panel study is too small for this purpose. So this study 'fuses' the time diary evidence with evidence from a much larger and long-running national household panel study, using a number of questionnaire items highly correlated with time allocation, and present in both data sets. It uses the combined data set to show how time use is affected by changes in family statuses through the life course. It demonstrates in particular that successive stages in the 'family cycle' have strong effects in increasing gendered specialisation in the distribution of paid and unpaid work.
İlköğretim Okulu Öğretmenlerinin Örgüt İklimine İlişkin Algılarının İncelenmesi

The purpose of this study is to examine the primary school teachers' perceptions of organizational climate according to their some demographic variables. A total of 233 teachers employed in the primary schools in Sivas participated in the study. "Organizational Climate Detection Questionnaire-Refined Edition for Primary Schools" was used to determine primary school teachers' perceptions of organizational climate. Independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed to analyze the data. Results revealed that the total scores of teachers' perceptions of organizational climate did not vary depending on their variables of gender, branch, seniority and years in current school. These findings report the need for further research on the relationship between school organizational climate and other related variables
Active thrust tectonics in western Sicily (southern Italy): the 1968 Belice earthquake sequence

The 1968 Belice earthquake sequence, characterized by six main shocks with 5 < M < 5.4, represents the strongest seismic event recorded in western Sicily in historical times. The epicentral area is located in the Belice Valley, a region lacking any topographic lineament likely to result from a fault with significant offsets of any kind. Instrumental data show that hypocentres of the major shocks are distributed along a roughly N-dipping plane extending from about 36 km to 1 km depth. Fault plane solutions show pure thrusting mechanisms on N-dipping, ENE-trending planes, or oblique slip with a right-lateral component of motion along steep WSW-dipping planes, both as a result of approximate N-S shortening. The observed destruction indicates that isoseismal areas are elongated in an ENE direction. Similarly, the epiccntral distribution of events with M ≥ 4 outlines a roughly elliptical ENE-elongated area located 20 km NW of the Sciacca-Rocca Ficuzza thrust front. This ENE-striking structure, representing the regional morphotectonic feature closest to the epicentral area, consists of two main imbricate fan systems. In the southernmost system, Quaternary deposits (tentatively dated as 1.0–0.7 Myr old) are involved in a large ramp anticline uplifting them to a maximum altitude of 346 m. The occurrence of Holocene lacustrine piggy-back basins on the rear of this structure also indicates late Quaternary activity of the underlying thrust. Seismological, structural and morphotectonic observations suggest that multiple ruptures might have occurred during the 1968 sequence on a blind crustal thrust ramp located beneath the epicentral area. Slip propagated southwards along the shallow ramp-flat system characterizing the thin-skinned foreland fold and thrust belt of southwestern Sicily, being dispersed in flexural folding processes and diffuse strain along this path.
Financial Sector Crisis and Restructuring Lessons from Asia

This paper reviews the policy responses of Indonesia, Korea, and Thailand to the Asian crisis that erupted in 1997 and compares the actions of these three countries with those of Malaysia and the Philippines, which were buffeted by the crisis. Although work is still under way in all the affected countries, and thus any judgements are necessarily tentative, important lessons can be learned from the various experience of the last two years.
The Pulmonary Endothelial Glycocalyx Modifications in Glypican 1 Knockout Mice Do Not Affect Lung Endothelial Function in Physiological Conditions

The endothelial glycocalyx is a dynamic signaling surface layer that is involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The glycocalyx has a very diverse composition, with glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans interacting with each other to form a mesh-like structure. Due to its highly interactive nature, little is known about the relative contribution of each glycocalyx constituent to its overall function. Investigating the individual roles of the glycocalyx components to cellular functions and system physiology is challenging, as the genetic manipulation of animals that target specific glycocalyx components may result in the development of a modified glycocalyx. Thus, it is crucial that genetically modified animal models for glycocalyx components are characterized and validated before the development of mechanistic studies. Among the glycocalyx components, glypican 1, which acts through eNOS-dependent mechanisms, has recently emerged as a player in cardiovascular diseases. Whether glypican 1 regulates eNOS in physiological conditions is unclear. Herein, we assessed how the deletion of glypican 1 affects the development of the pulmonary endothelial glycocalyx and the impact on eNOS activity and endothelial function. Male and female 5–9-week-old wild-type and glypican 1 knockout mice were used. Transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting assessed the glycocalyx structure and composition. eNOS activation and content were assessed by immunoblotting; nitric oxide production was assessed by the Griess reaction. The pulmonary phenotype was evaluated by histological signs of lung injury, in vivo measurement of lung mechanics, and pulmonary ventilation. Glypican 1 knockout mice showed a modified glycocalyx with increased glycocalyx thickness and heparan sulfate content and decreased expression of syndecan 4. These alterations were associated with decreased phosphorylation of eNOS at S1177. The production of nitric oxides was not affected by the deletion of glypican 1, and the endothelial barrier was preserved in glypican 1 knockout mice. Pulmonary compliance was decreased, and pulmonary ventilation was unaltered in glypican 1 knockout mice. Collectively, these data indicate that the deletion of glypican 1 may result in the modification of the glycocalyx without affecting basal lung endothelial function, validating this mouse model as a tool for mechanistic studies that investigate the role of glypican 1 in lung endothelial function.
Understanding changes in annual runoff following land use changes: a systematic data‐based approach

A simple modelling framework for assessing the response of ungauged catchments to land use change in South‐Western Australia is presented. The framework uses knowledge of transpiration losses from native vegetation and pasture and then partitions the ‘excess’ water (resulting from reduced transpiration after land use change) between runoff and deep storage. The simple partitioning is achieved by using soft information (satellite imagery, previous mapping and field assessment) to delimit the spread of the permanently saturated area close to the stream. Runoff is then assumed to increase in proportion to the saturated area, with the residual difference going to deep storage. The model parameters to describe the annual water yield are obtained a priori and no calibration to streamflow is required. We tested the model using gauged records over 25 years from paired catchment experiments in South‐Western Australia. Very good estimates of runoff were obtained from high rainfall (>1100 mm yr−1) catchments (R2 > 0·9) and for low rainfall (<900 mm yr−1) catchments after clearing (R2 = 0·96) but results were poorer (R2 = 0·55) for an uncleared low rainfall catchment, although overall balances were reasonable. In the drier uncleared catchments, the within‐year distributions of rainfall may exert a substantial influence on runoff response that is not completely captured by the presented model. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards identifying sources of subsurface flow: A comparison of components identified by a physically based runoff model and those determined by chemical mixing techniques

A physically-based semidistributed model, TOPMODEL, is applied to a 340 hectare spruce forested catchment in mid-Wales. the model is calibrated to runoff and the subsurface flow is divided into components of flow identified by depth of origin. in addition, chemical mixing techniques are used to provide a hydrograph separation between acidic soil waters and well buffered deep waters. the short-term variations in the components of flow identified by these two approaches compare well.
Effects of Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and a Synthetic Diesel on Emissions from Light Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles

Over the past several years, there has been increased interest in reformulated and alternative diesel fuels to control emissions and provide energy independence. In the following study, a California diesel fuel was compared with neat biodiesel, an 80% California diesel/20% biodiesel blend, and a synthetic diesel fuel to examine the effects on emissions. Chassis dynamometer tests were performed on four light heavy-duty diesel trucks using each of the four fuels. The results of this study showed that biodiesel, the biodiesel blends, and the synthetic diesel produced generally lower THC and CO emissions than California diesel. NOx emissions were comparable over most of the fuel/vehicle combinations, with slightly higher NOx emissions found for the two noncatalyst vehicles on 100% biodiesel. Particulate emissions were slightly higher for two test vehicles and significantly higher for a third test vehicle on the biodiesel fuels. Chemical analyses showed elemental and organic carbon to be the primary constituen.
Cochlear Implant Stimulation Parameters Play a Key Role in Reducing Facial Nerve Stimulation

A percentage (i.e., 5.6%) of Cochlear Implant (CI) users reportedly experience unwanted facial nerve stimulation (FNS). For some, the effort to control this problem results in changing stimulation parameters, thereby reducing their hearing performance. For others, the only viable solution is to deactivate the CI completely. A growing body of evidence in the form of case reports suggests that undesired FNS can be effectively addressed through re-implantation with an Oticon Medical (OM) Neuro-Zti implant. However, the root of this benefit is still unknown: is it due to surgical adjustments, such as varied array geometries and/or positioning, or does it stem from differences in stimulation parameters and/or grounding? The OM device exhibits two distinct features: (1) unique stimulation parameters, including anodic leading pulses and loudness controlled by pulse duration—not current—resulting in lower overall current amplitudes; and (2) unconventional grounding, including both passive (capacitive) discharge, which creates a pseudo-monophasic pulse shape, and a ‘distributed-all-polar’ (DAP) grounding scheme, which is thought to reduce current spread. Unfortunately, case reports alone cannot distinguish between surgical factors and these implant-related ones. In this paper, we present a novel follow-up study of two CI subjects who previously experienced FNS before re-implantation with Neuro-Zti implants. We used the Oticon Medical Research Platform (OMRP) to stimulate a single electrode in each subject in two ways: (1) with traditional monopolar biphasic cathodic-first pulses, and (2) with distinct OM clinical stimulation. We progressively increased the stimulation intensity until FNS occurred or the sound became excessively loud. Non-auditory/FNS sensations were observed with the traditional stimulation but not with the OM clinical one. This provides the first direct evidence demonstrating that stimulation parameters and/or grounding—not surgical factors—play a key role in mitigating FNS.
Asperity map along the subduction zone in northeastern Japan inferred from regional seismic data

[1] In an attempt to examine the characteristic behavior of asperities, we studied the source processes of large interplate earthquakes offshore of the Tohoku district, northeastern Japan, over the past 70 years. In this area, earthquakes of M7 class have a recurrence interval of about 30 years. Seismic observation using a strong-motion seismometer has been carried out by the Japan Meteorological Agency since the beginning of the 1900s. We collected these seismograms in order to make a waveform inversion. On the basis of the derived heterogeneous fault slip, we identified large slip areas (asperities) for eight earthquakes which occurred after 1930, and we constructed an asperity map. The typical size of individual asperities in northeastern Japan is M7 class, and an M8 class earthquake can be caused when several asperities are synchronized. We propose that the patterns of asperity distribution beneath offshore Tohoku fall into three different categories. In the northern part (40°–41.3°N) the seismic coupling in the asperity is almost 100%, and the size is large. In the central part (39°–40°N), little seismic moment has been released by large earthquakes, and the asperity size is small. In the southern part (37.8°–39°N) the seismic coupling is medium. The weak seismic coupling may be related to submarine topographical features and to the sediment and water along the subducting plate. Our results also suggest a general tendency for the asperities to be located away from the hypocenters (initial break), with aftershocks occurring in the area surrounding the asperity.
Performance of Selective DF-Based Multiple Relayed NOMA System With Imperfect CSI and SIC Errors

The next-generation networks are supposed to handle the large number of connections required for fifth-generation (5G) and beyond applications. Cooperative multi-relay communication with the downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (DL-NOMA) technique has the capability to provide increased energy and spectral efficiency (SE) by enabling such large connections. It promotes green communication by efficiently serving multiple users through a common resource and improving the system’s diversity without compromising the existing infrastructure. This paper investigates the performance of a multi-relay cooperative NOMA system to support 5G and beyond scenarios with practical impairments. The base station communicates with the NOMA end users using cooperative selective decode-and-forward (DF) based ${K}$ multiple relays and direct links. The asymptotic closed-form expression of the symbol error rate (SER) is derived for the NOMA users with imperfect channel state information (CSI) and successive interference cancellation (SIC) errors. The analysis is carried out for the generalized modulation pair, i.e., BPSK-BPSK, QPSK-BPSK and QPSK-QPSK, for NOMA end users. The efficacy of channel estimation error (CEE), power allocation coefficient and diversity order for the aforesaid system is also demonstrated. Finally, the theoretical analysis is endorsed by the Monte Carlo simulations.
Thermal and mechanical properties of the Cape Verde Rise

The Cape Verde Rise represents an extreme case of the process of oceanic midplate volcanism. The regional depth and geoid anomalies relative to the plate model are the largest observed, peaking at 2.4 km and 12m, respectively. The late Tertiary volcanoes rest on Mesozoic-aged seafloor, indicating that the lithosphere was about 130 m.y. old when loaded. Depth and geoid anomalies in the Cape Verde region are examined using both forward filtering and admittance techniques to determine the thermomechanical properties of the swell. The effective elastic thickness for the plate supporting the volcanoes is 28±4 km and the compensation depth for the broad swell is 69±10 km. These two results, combined with heat flow observations from the rise, are consistent with a model for reheating of the lithosphere beneath Cape Verde such that the average thermal gradient is increased by ∼35%. While there is no doubt that the Cape Verde lithosphere has been reheated, it is unlikely that the entire depth anomaly is explained by thermal anomalies confined to the lithosphere. A linear programming inversion of the geophysical data places an upper bound of 1.7 km on the portion of the depth anomaly due to lithospheric reheating. There are no permissible thermal models fitting all of the geophysical data that do not require either dynamic support from or elevated temperature within the asthenosphere.
Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated in Tamaulipas, Mexico

The global spread of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) is a major public health concern. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are the main drivers of this spread by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Escherichia coli is widespread in various environments and serves as an indicator for monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the whole genome of multidrug-resistant E. coli strains isolated from human clinical, animal, and environmental sources. Four E. coli strains previously isolated from human urine (n = 2), retail meat (n = 1), and water from the Rio Grande River (n = 1) collected in northern Tamaulipas, Mexico, were analyzed. E. coli strains were evaluated for antimicrobial susceptibility, followed by whole genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Several ARGs were detected, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1B, blaCMY-2, qnrB, catB3, sul2, and sul3. Additionally, plasmid replicons (IncFIA, IncFIB, IncFII, IncY, IncR, and Col) and intact prophages were also found. Insertion sequences (ISs) were structurally linked with resistance and virulence genes. Finally, these findings indicate that E. coli strains have a large repertoire of resistance determinants, highlighting a high pathogenic potential and the need to monitor them.
The Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in Geidam, Nigeria

The objective of this work is to give out information on the physical and chemical properties of groundwater in Geidan in order to appreciate the impacts of anthropogenic actions on the quality of groundwater. This has been carried out by collecting fifteen water samples from boreholes and analyzed using DR 2000 spectrophotometer, flame photometer and titrimetric method. The results indicate that the mean concentration of Chromium hexavalent exceeded WHO standards. This was attributed to groundwater coming into contact with sewage and waste sourced from human activities. The study indicates that the water is not suitable for human consumption without treatment. Keywords—Groundwater quality, Geidam, Physic-chemical, parameters.
Quantity And Quality Of Litterfall In Pure Pine And Pine/Gmelina Mixed Plantations In Umuahia, Abia State

An assessment of the pattern of litterfall and quality of litter were carried out in plantations of pure exotic Pine and Pine/Gmelina mixed plantations at Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) station Umuahia, Abia State. Litterfall was continuous with much of the litter falling between March and April in the pure Pine stand. April 2004 gave significantly (P Keywords : Exotic, Pattern, Litterfall, Pine, Pine/Gmelina Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7 (1) 2008: pp. 93-96
Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Tea Polysaccharides Extracted from Different Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Varieties

Tea polysaccharide (TPS) is a bioactive compound extracted from tea. It has raised great interest among researchers due to its bioactivity. However, few studies focused on the diversity of TPS in its compositions and antioxidant activity. This study collected 140 different tea varieties from four tea germplasm gardens in China, and their TPSs in tea shoots were extracted. The extraction efficiency, composition contents, including neutral sugar, uronic acid, protein, and tea polyphenols, and the scavenging abilities of hydroxyl radical (·OH) and superoxide radical (O2-·) of 140 TPSs were determined and analyzed. The results showed significant differences in the compositions and antioxidant activities of TPS extracted from different tea varieties. By applying hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), we selected nine tea varieties with high TPS extraction efficiency and 26 kinds of TPS with high antioxidant capacity.
Intensity of the geomagnetic field in Japan for the past 10,000 years

The ancient geomagnetic field intensity was obtained by comparing the magnitude of natural remanent magnetization with that of thermoremanent magnetization induced in a known field. Throughout the study the step-wise heating method was used; measurements of both partial thermoremanent magnetization and the change in natural remanent magnetization were made for each temperature interval. The material studied was pottery from eastern Japan covering the period from 9300 to 2500 years ago. It was concluded that the geomagnetic field at 2000 B.P. was about 1.6 times as large as that at present. The field intensity showed the minimum of about half the present value at nearly 5500 B.P. Assuming a simple periodic change of the field intensity for the convenience of further calculations, the secular variation gives a sinusoidal curve as a first approximation. The secular variation of atmospheric C14 concentration calculated for the observed variation in field intensity is in good agreement with values obtained from tree-ring samples. TMs supports the suggestion that the variation of the geomagnetic field intensity plays an important role in the control of the concentration of C14 in the atmosphere.
Static compression of wüstite (Fe0.98O) to 120 GPa

An X ray diffraction study on wustite (Fe0.98O) was performed up to 120 GPa at room temperature and up to 160°C at 24 GPa using a diamond-anvil-type, high-pressure apparatus. Wustite transforms from the cubic rock salt structure into a distorted structure with a rhombohedral unit cell at about 16 GPa at room temperature, and retrogressive transition occurs when the distorted phase is heated to 160°C at 24 GPa. This transition can be explained as the paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic transition resulting from the increase of the Neel temperature of wustite under high pressure. No further discontinuous change in the X ray diffraction pattern was observed up to 120 GPa at room temperature. This result is in disagreement with shock compression experiments, which have indicated the existence of a large discontinuous volume decrease at approximately 70 GPa.