Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of composition and in vitro solubility rate of by-products of the Atlantic shellfish industry as alternative calcium sources

SUMMARY Mineral composition and in vitro solubility rates for 14 different Atlantic calcium (Ca) sources were assessed. Fourteen test Ca sources [commercial limestone, granular limestone, shell mix, AIM-limestone, oyster shell, crab shell (CS), lobster shell (LS), blue mussel shell, blue mussel shell–clean, surf-clam shell, soft-clam shell, scallop shell, quahog shell, abalone shell, and whelk shell] were separated into their particle size groups that ranged from 1.0 to 1.41 to <2.83 mm. Average concentration of Ca was 36 g/kg in all Ca sources (except CS and LS). Calcium content was 20.35 and 20.32% in CS and LS, respectively. The mineral composition analysis showed values of P varying from 0.03 to 1.8%, Mg from 0.01 to 1.2%, K from 0.005 to 0.32%, Na from 0.02 to 0.81%, Mn from 7.22 to 2168 mg/kg, Zn from 23.8 to 120.5 mg/kg, Fe from 0 to 37.9 mg/kg, Cu from 10.4 to 41 mg/kg, and boron from 0 to 163 mg/kg. There was significant interaction (P < 0.05) between Ca sources and time for solubility for different particle size of Ca sources. In vitro solubility was dependent upon Ca source and particle size (P < 0.0001) with small particle generally having a greater in vitro solubility than large particle at the same time. The in vitro solubility rate of these Ca sources would provide a new and adequate source of Ca and a steady rate of Ca during the dark period. It was concluded that the observed mineral concentration and in vitro solubility differences between the examined Ca sources could be exploited to ensure optimum supply of Ca and most minerals, but lower in vitro solubility and Ca content of CS and LS would likely limit the use of CS and LS.
Plant species invasions along the latitudinal gradient in the United States

It has been long established that the richness of vascular plant species and many animal taxa decreases with increasing latitude, a pattern that very generally follows declines in actual and potential evapotranspiration, solar radiation, temperature, and thus, total productivity. Using county-level data on vascular plants from the United States (3000 counties in the conterminous 48 states), we used the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to evaluate competing models predicting native and nonnative plant species density (number of species per square kilometer in a county) from various combinations of biotic variables (e.g., native bird species density, vegetation carbon, normalized difference vegetation in- dex), environmental/topographic variables (elevation, variation in elevation, the number of land cover classes in the county, radiation, mean precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, and potential evapotranspiration), and human variables (human population density, crop- land, and percentage of disturbed lands in a county). We found no evidence of a latitudinal gradient for the density of native plant species and a significant, slightly positive latitudinal gradient for the density of nonnative plant species. We found stronger evidence of a sig- nificant, positive productivity gradient (vegetation carbon) for the density of native plant species and nonnative plant species. We found much stronger significant relationships when biotic, environmental/topographic, and human variables were used to predict native plant species density and nonnative plant species density. Biotic variables generally had far greater influence in multivariate models than human or environmental/topographic variables. Later, we found that the best, single, positive predictor of the density of nonnative plant species in a county was the density of native plant species in a county. While further study is needed, it may be that, while humans facilitate the initial establishment invasions of non- native plant species, the spread and subsequent distributions of nonnative species are con- trolled largely by biotic and environmental factors.
Anticancer activity of Ruellia squarrosa against human prostate cancer cell line

Ruellia species are traditionally used for the treatment of flu, fever and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer activity of Ruellia squarrosa extracts against human prostate cancer (PC3) cell line. Dichloromethane and methanol extracts of aerial and root parts of the plant were made by maceration. Anticancer activity was estimated by MTT assay and percentage inhibition of cells was calculated. Results of MTT showed that 30 mg/ml of dichloromethane extract of root parts of the plant showed moderate anticancer activity (58% inhibition) against PC3 cell line with IC 50 15.4 ± 0.3. It was concluded that R. squarrosa (root) possesses anticancer activity against human prostate cancer (PC3) cell line.
Effects of cultivation and nitrification inhibitor on soil nitrogen availability after a grass ley and on the response of the following cereal crop to fertilizer nitrogen

SUMMARY Three experiments carried out at Bridget's Experimental Husbandry Farm, Hampshire between 1984 and 1987 on clay loam and silty clay loam soils over chalk investigated the response of winter wheat grown after grass to spring-applied fertilizer nitrogen. The influence of method of establishment and the use of a nitrification inhibitor were also studied. Yields were similar whether the crops were established by direct drilling or following ploughing. Crops required between 88 and 209 kg N/ha nitrogen fertilizer for optimum yield. There was no consistent difference in nitrogen requirement nor were there consistent differences in nitrogen offtake (which is the amount of N in kg/ha removed in harvested grain) or apparent fertilizer recovery following ploughing or direct drilling. The use of a nitrification inhibitor increased grain yield when applied in the autumn without fertilizer, but not when applied with fertilizer in the spring.
Stereotactic aspiration for hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage in a Chinese population: a retrospective cohort study

Objective We aimed to compare the therapeutic effects of stereotactic aspiration and best medical management in patients who developed supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage (HICH) with a volume of haemorrhage between 20 and 40 mL. Methods The clinical data of 220 patients with supratentorial HICH with a volume between 20 and 40 mL were retrospectively analysed. Among them, 142 received stereotactic aspiration surgery (stereotactic aspiration group) and 78 received best medical management (conservative group). All were followed up for 6 months. Multivariate logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare the outcome between the two groups. Results The rebleeding rate was lower in the group that had stereotactic aspiration when compared with the group with medical treatment (6 [4.2%] vs 9 [11.5%], χ2=4.364, p=0.037). After 6 months, although the mortality rate did not differ significantly between the two groups (8 cases [5.6%] vs 10 cases [12.8%], χ2=3.461, p=0.063), the rate of a favourable outcome was higher in the group who received stereotactic aspiration (χ2=15.870, p=0.000). Logistic regression identified that medical treatment (OR=1.64, p=0.000) was an independent risk factor for an unfavourable outcome. The Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that the median favourable outcome time in the stereotactic aspiration group was 59.5 days compared with that in the medically treated group (87.0 days). The log-rank test indicated that the prognosis at 6 months was better for those treated with stereotactic haematoma aspiration (χ2=29.866, p=0.000). However, the 6-month survival rate was similar between the two groups (χ2=3.253, p=0.068). Conclusions Stereotactic haematoma aspiration significantly improved the quality of life, although did not effectively reduce the rate of mortality. When selected appropriately, patients with HICH may benefit from this type of surgical intervention.
Variability and stochasticity of meal size and feeding frequency in the Little Sheanvater Puffinus assimilis

The pattern of chick feeding in Little Shearwater Puffinus assimilis on Selvagem Grande was examined by weighing chicks at 4–h intervals throughout eight successive nights and daily for a further 11 days (19 days in all). Individual meals fed to chicks averaged 23.2 g (s.d. ±4.7) or 13.6% of adult mass. Mass increments over 24 h (NET) were linearly related to the sum of positive mass increments over 4–h intervals during the night (SUM) by the equation NET = 0.36SUM - 5.89 (r2= 0.60). Using this relationship, I estimated that over a period of 18 nights, a mean of 95% of chicks were fed each night, and the mean interval between feeds was 1.05 nights, with a maximum of three nights. There was no significant day-to-day variation in feeding rate. These results were not compatible with the prevalent idea that the purpose of large fat deposits in Procellariiformes is to tide chicks over periodic fasts resulting from poor feeding conditions. On average, chicks required 16 g of food per day to maintain constant mass and converted 33% of their intake of food above this requirement into biomass. Meal size and feeding frequency were independent of chick size and body condition (body-mass corrected for body-size), and the masses of food received by individual chicks each night varied in direct proportion to previous values. These results suggest that the rate of food supply to chicks was not regulated by adjustment according to chicks' nutritional requirements. To some extent, this supports the hypothesis that lipid accumulation among Procellariiformes is related to stochastic variation in food supply rate, resulting from an absence of regulation of feeding. However, feeding was not stochastic, in that adults tended to deliver consistent amounts of food to their chicks, and the pattern of feeding among even the worst-fed chicks was inconsistent with a need for large lipid stores based upon chance variation in food delivery.
Purification and biochemical characterization of bacteriolytic enzyme from Bacillus subtilis YU-1432 active against Porphyromonas gingivalis

YU205, a bacteriolytic enzyme produced by Bacillus subtilis YU-1432 exhibited lytic activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis causing periodontal disease. Specific activity and purification yield of YU205 were increased by 522.0 times and 21.9%, respectively by 80% acetone precipitation, followed by DEAE-Sepharose and CM-Sepharose column chromatography. The molecular mass of YU205 was estimated to be 29.0 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and N-terminal sequencing identified fifteen amino acid residues, AQSVPYGISQIKAPA. YU205 was stabilized against thermal inactivation at 1 mM of CaCl2. The essential amino acids for the lytic activity were deduced to be tyrosine, methionine, and serine. YU205 showed at least 23.4 times higher substrate specificity to P. Gingivalis than other proteolytic enzymes tested. These results suggest that the purified enzyme may have potential for the application to food or dental care products to prevent periodontal diseases.
INVITATION PAPER (C.P. ALEXANDER FUND): HISTORY OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Abstract This review article starts with the discovery of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner in Japan at the turn of the century and notes that the observations of the early Japanese workers clearly show that they were aware of the toxin-mediated nature of the activity of B. thuringiensis toward insect larvae. The early work in Europe with B. thuringiensis against Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) showed that the bacterium had promise as a microbial control agent. The commercial development of B. thuringiensis in France in the late 1930s, and in Eastern Europe and the United States in the 1950s, is traced. Résumé Cet article de synthèse relate l’histoire de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner depuis sa découverte au Japon au début du siècle et indique que les premiers chercheurs japonais connaissaient déjà les effets toxiques du bacille sur les larves d’insectes. Les premiers travaux européens qui décrivent les effets de B. thuringiensis sur Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) ont démontré que la bactérie constituait un agent microbien de contrôle très prometteur. L’historique de la production commerciale de B. thuringiensis, en France à la fin des années 1930 et en Europe de l’Est et aux États-Unis dans les années 1950, est retracée. [Traduit par la rédaction]
Effects of time of planting, fertilizer and insecticide on sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata (Diptera: Muscidae), on two varieties of sorghum

Used individually, pesticides, biological control agents, cultural practices and host plant resistance have either not been effective or are not sustainable in control of the sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rondani (Diptera: Muscidae). An experiment, with seed sown in September and October 2002, to determine the effect of a combination of variety, fertilizer, insecticide and time of planting on incidence of A. soccata, and yield, and yield components of sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, was conducted in Ugunja, western Kenya. Two varieties of sorghum were used, Ohunjo and Serena, susceptible and resistant varieties, respectively. Although results were variable amongst the different combination of factors tested, it was found that incidence of A. soccata was lowered and sorghum grain yield increased through the manipulation of management practices such as genotype selection, fertilizer and insecticide application.
Post-stroke Depression: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Risk Factors, and Management

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a widely encountered complexity of stroke, which is of notable importance. PSD is multifactorial in origin; however, depression after stroke is unrecognized, infrequently diagnosed, and undertreated. This review presents epidemiology, diagnosis and diagnostic tools, risk factors, and management of PSD. About one-third of patients experience depression after stroke. It is important to reliably screen and diagnose post-stroke depression as well as measure its severity. PSD is associated with various risk factors and stroke characteristics. If left untreated, PSD can worsen several other common post-stroke conditions. There is strong evidence that early initiation of antidepressant therapy in non-depressed stroke patients is associated with reduced risk for the development and effective prevention of post-stroke depression. PSD needs special attention, and consensus should be reached regarding the diagnosis and management of PSD. *Corresponding author: Shreya Sangam, PhD Researcher, Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA, Tel: 530-786-5570; E-mail: shreyasangam@email.arizona. edu Received October 04, 2018; Accepted November 12, 2018; Published November 16, 2018 Citation: Sangam S (2018) Post-stroke Depression: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Risk Factors, and Management. J Neurol Disord 6: 394. doi:10.4172/23296895.1000394 Copyright: © 2018 Sangam S. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in breast reconstruction surgery with abdominal myocutaneous flap

Background: Ultrasound (US)-guided transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) provides postoperative analgesic efficacy in abdominal surgery, however evidence of its efficacy in reconstructive breast surgery with transversus rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap is still limited. Our main objective was to assess effectiveness of TAPB in this surgery. Methods: Observational retrospective study conducted in patients undergoing unilateral breast reconstruction with TRAM (surgery 1) and mastectomy (partial or total) followed by TRAM reconstruction (surgery 2) from April 2015 to June 2017. Two anaesthetic plans were analysed: general balanced anaesthesia (GBA) and combined GBA with bilateral TAPB (GBA+TAPB). Primary outcomes were total intraoperative administered fentanyl, total consumed morphine in postoperative anaesthesia care unit (PACU) and time between conclusion of surgery and first requested analgesic (analgesia time). Results: 107 patients were included: 80 submitted to surgery 1 and 27 submitted to surgery 2. In surgery 1, intraoperative fentanyl consumption and administered morphine, during the patients’ stay at PACU, were lower in GBA+TAPB than in GBA group (p Regarding surgery 2, globally no significant differences were identified between both groups. No complications associated to local anaesthetics or TAPB were registered. Conclusion: US-guided bilateral TAPB resulted in lower opioid consumption and better pain control in unilateral breast reconstruction surgery with TRAM.
Human Papillomavirus Infection and Lung Cancer

Lung cancer continues to be the most common neoplasia and represents the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Nonetheless, contrary to expected projections, the decrease in incidence expected by decrease in tobacco exposure has been partially halted due to an increasing amount of lung cancer cases in nonsmokers, particularly in female patients. This led to the development of new hypotheses in terms of lung cancer etiology, including the involvement of oncogenic viruses such as the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV role in the pathophysiology of lung cancer, including adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, is currently under research. Exposure to HPV, and the resulting infection, can occur in several possible ways, including sexual transmission and airborne fomites. Main pathogenic occurrences include alterations in inhibition of p53 and retinoblastoma. This chapter presents the current evidence as to the role of HPV in the development of lung cancer, methods to establish HPV infection, and also explores the role of predisposing factors, as well as immunological and inflammatory factors in nonsmokers. Additionally, the role of other molecular factors, such as EGFR, interleukins 6 and 10, and others, is discussed. Finally, future perspectives in this new paradigm of lung cancer in nonsmokers are broadly reviewed.
A study of modified and economical approach to canalicular tear using intravenous cannula in tertiary care centre

Purpose: Study aims to demonstrate and evaluate a modified and economical way of repairing canalicular tear using intravenous cannula in tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: 32 patients with canalicular tear admitted in Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, regional institute of ophthalmology were taken in the study. Patients were operated for canalicular tear repair using intravenous cannula of 24G size. Functional and anatomical success of the procedure evaluated during the follow up. Data collected and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Out of 32 patients, 24 were males and 8 females. Right eye was involved in 22 patients and left eye in 10 patients. Various mode of injury includes dog bite, Road Traffic Accidents, assault, self-injuries, domestic violence, cooker blast in varying percentages. Functional and anatomical success was seen in 93.75% of the patients. Conclusion: Using intravenous cannula is an economical way of canalicular tear repair with easy availability and no extra cost to the patient. With the least complications, this technique can be adapted in Government set up as this is more economical.
The Braincase of Chanaresuchus ischigualastensis (Archosauriformes) from the Late Triassic of Argentina

ABSTRACT Here, we present information regarding the braincase anatomy of Chanaresuchus ischigualastensis, from the Ischigualasto Formation (Carnian) of Argentina. The braincase is very similar to that previously described for Chanaresuchus bonapartei, but bears some differences: rostral contour of the basal tubera nearly transversely oriented in ventral view; basal tubera with rounded distal tips in ventral view; paroccipital processes with a slight distal widening in caudal view; sulcus on the caudal surface of each paroccipital process restricted to the proximal two-thirds of the latter; and parabasisphenoidal ventral surface transversely concave. A phylogenetic analysis was performed using exclusively neurocranial characters, including a few new characters, to investigate phylogenetic hypotheses suggested by the neurocranial evidence. The neurocranial data support a sister-group relationship between Chanaresuchus ischigualastensis and C. bonapartei, on the basis of the presence of an intertuberal plate with a concave border. Our analysis also suggests the monophyly of a group formed by both species of Chanaresuchus and Proterochampsa. This group was supported by one apomorphy: the paroccipital processes are elongated relative to their height, which did not show homoplasy in our results. Our results show that Doswellia is the sister group of the clade formed by these proterochampsids, supporting inclusion of the former within the Proterochampsia, and this clade is recovered as more closely related to archosaurs than to Euparkeria.
A new eriophyoid mite species (Acari: Eriophyidae) infesting Haloxylon ammodendron and H. persicum (Chenopodiaceae) in Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, northwest China

Abstract A new mite species belonging to the Eriophyidae (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from Shihezi, Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, northwestern China, is described and illustrated. The new species, Aceria haloxylonis sp. nov. causes galls on its host plants, Haloxylon ammodendron (C.A.Mey.) Bunge and Haloxylon persicum Bunge ex Boiss. et Buhse (Chenopodiaceae).