Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extended Main-sequence Turnoffs in the Double Cluster h and χ Persei: The Complex Role of Stellar Rotation

Using Gaia Data Release 2 photometry, we report the detection of extended main-sequence turnoff (eMSTO) regions in the color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of the ∼14 Myr old double clusters h and χ Persei (NGC 869 and NGC 884). We find that stars with masses below ∼1.3 M⊙ in both h and χ Persei populate narrow main sequences (MSs), while more massive stars define the eMSTO, closely mimicking observations of young Galactic and Magellanic Cloud clusters (with ages older than ∼30 Myr). Previous studies based on clusters older than ∼30 Myr found that rapidly rotating MS stars are redder than slow rotators of similar luminosity, suggesting that stellar rotation may be the main driver of the eMSTO. By combining photometry and projected rotational velocities from the literature of stars in h and χ Persei, we find no obvious relation between the rotational velocities and colors of non-emission-line eMSTO stars, in contrast with what is observed in older clusters. Similar to what is observed in Magellanic Cloud clusters, most of the extremely rapidly rotating stars, identified by their strong Hα emission lines, are located in the red part of the eMSTOs. This indicates that stellar rotation plays a role in the color and magnitude distribution of MSTO stars. By comparing the observations with simulated CMDs, we find that a simple population composed of coeval stars that span a wide range of rotation rates is unable to reproduce the color spread of the cluster’s MSs. We suggest that variable stars, binary interactions, and stellar rotation affect the eMSTO morphology of these very young clusters.
Exploring the formation by core accretion and the luminosity evolution of directly imaged planets

Context. A low-mass companion to the two-solar mass star HIP 65426 has recently been detected by SPHERE at around 100 au from its host. Explaining the presence of super-Jovian planets at large separations, as revealed by direct imaging, is currently an open question. Aims. We want to derive statistical constraints on the mass and initial entropy of HIP 65426 b and to explore possible formation pathways of directly imaged objects within the core-accretion paradigm, focusing on HIP 65426 b. Methods. Constraints on the planet’s mass and post-formation entropy are derived from its age and luminosity combined with cooling models. For the first time, the results of population synthesis are also used to inform the results. Then a formation model that includes N-body dynamics with several embryos per disc is used to study possible formation histories and the properties of possible additional companions. Finally, the outcomes of two- and three-planet scattering in the post-disc phase are analysed, taking tides into account for small-pericentre orbits. Results. The mass of HIP 65426 b is found to be mp = 9.9−1.8+1.1 MJ using the hot population and mp = 10.9−2.0+1.4 MJ with the cold-nominal population. We find that core formation at small separations from the star followed by outward scattering and runaway accretion at a few hundred astronomical units succeeds in reproducing the mass and separation of HIP 65426 b. Alternatively, systems having two or more giant planets close enough to be on an unstable orbit at disc dispersal are likely to end up with one planet on a wide HIP 65426 b-like orbit with a relatively high eccentricity (≳ 0.5). Conclusions. If this scattering scenario explains its formation, HIP 65426 b is predicted to have a high eccentricity and to be accompanied by one or several roughly Jovian-mass planets at smaller semi-major axes, which also could have a high eccentricity. This could be tested by further direct-imaging as well as radial-velocity observations.
Kepler-411: a four-planet system with an active host star

We present a detailed characterization of the Kepler-411 system (KOI 1781). This system was previously known to host two transiting planets: one with a period of 3 days (R = 2.4 R⊕; Kepler-411b) and one with a period of 7.8 days (R = 4.4 R⊕; Kepler-411c), as well as a transiting planetary candidate with a 58-day period (R = 3.3 R⊕; KOI 1781.03) from Kepler photometry. Here, we combine Kepler photometry data and new transit timing variation (TTV) measurements from all the Kepler quarters with previous adaptive-optics imaging results, and dynamical simulations, in order to constrain the properties of the Kepler-411 system. From our analysis, we obtain masses of 25.6 ± 2.6 M⊕ for Kepler-411b and 26.4 ± 5.9 M⊕ for Kepler-411c, and we confirm the planetary nature of KOI 1781.03 with a mass of 15.2 ± 5.1 M⊕, hence the name Kepler-411d. Furthermore, by assuming near-coplanarity of the system (mutual inclination below 30°), we discover a nontransiting planet, Kepler-411e, with a mass of 10.8 ± 1.1 M⊕ on a 31.5-day orbit, which has a strong dynamical interaction with Kepler-411d. With densities of 1.71 ± 0.39 g cm−3 and 2.32 ± 0.83 g cm−3, both Kepler-411c and Kepler-411d belong to the group of planets with a massive core and a significant fraction of volatiles. Although Kepler-411b has a sub-Neptune size, it belongs to the group of rocky planets.
Multi-layered Spiking Neural Network with Target Timestamp Threshold Adaptation and STDP

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are good candidates to produce ultra-energy-efficient hardware. However, the performance of these models is currently behind traditional methods. Introducing multi-layered SNNs is a promising way to reduce this gap. We propose in this paper a new threshold adaptation system which uses a timestamp objective at which neurons should fire. We show that our method leads to state-of-the-art classification rates on the MNIST dataset (98.60%) and the Faces/Motorbikes dataset (99.46%) with an unsupervised SNN followed by a linear SVM. We also investigate the sparsity level of the network by testing different inhibition policies and STDP rules.
Narcissism and self-esteem revisited: The relationships between the subscales of the NPI and explicit/implicit self-esteem

The results of the previous research which tried to investigate links between self-esteem and narcissism in search of the source of narcissistic fragility are not consistent. The aim of the study was to contribute to the understanding of this complex relation by assessing relationships between the four facets of grandiose narcissism measured by the NPI and the two kinds of self-esteem i.e. explicit (ESE) and implicit (ISE), and by comparing the results with theoretical models. The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure, a more recent measure based on response latency, was used to assess ISE. The analysis confirms the reports on NPI heterogeneity. Different relationships between the particular facets of narcissism and ESE/ISE were observed. These differences indicate that composite measures of narcissism and ISE do not reflect the entire complexity of the phenomena. The results provide support for the two theoretical models i.e. the global marker model and the mask model.
A Note on Sector, Rating, and Maturity Effects on Risk Premia

Focusing on a set of investment grade corporate yields covering four industries, three maturities, and four ratings, principal components analysis is employed in order to estimate the number of common factors that account for their sample covariance structure. The empirical findings suggest that a two-factor representation is statistically acceptable, a finding consistent with previous research as well as with existing theoretical models. Furthermore, we explore the role of rating, maturity, and sector in explaining cross-sectional differences across investment grade yieldsi¦ risk premia. We conclude that these factors account for a large and significant part of the observed variation. Additionally, we are able to estimate the quantitative effect of these factors on the risk premium embodied in credit spreads.
Lithospheric Structure and Tectonic Processes Constrained by Microearthquake Activity at the Central Ultraslow‐Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (49.2° to 50.8°E)

Beneath ultraslow‐spreading ridges, the oceanic lithosphere remains poorly understood. Using recordings from a temporary array of ocean bottom seismometers, we here report an ~17‐days‐long microearthquake study on two segments (27 and 28) of the ultraslow‐spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (49.2° to 50.8°E). A total of 214 locatable microearthquakes are recorded; seismic activity appears to be concentrated within the west median valley at Segment 28 and adjacent nontransform discontinuities. Earthquakes reach a maximum depth of ~20 km beneath the seafloor, and they mainly occur in the mantle, implying a cold and thick brittle lithosphere. The relatively uniform brittle/ductile boundary beneath Segment 28 suggests that there is no focused melting in this region. The majority of earthquakes is located below the Moho interface, and a 5‐km‐thick aseismic zone is present beneath Segment 28 and adjacent nontransform discontinuities. At the Dragon Flag hydrothermal vent field along Segment 28, the presence of a detachment fault has been inferred from geomorphic features and seismic tomography. Our seismicity data show that this detachment fault deeply penetrates into the mantle with a steeply dipping (~65°) interface, and it appears to rotate to a lower angle in the upper crust, with ~55° of rollover. There is a virtual seismic gap beneath magmatic Segment 27, which may be connected to the presence of an axial magma chamber beneath the spreading center and focused melting; in this scenario, the increased magma supply produces a broad, elevated temperature environment, which suppresses earthquake generation.
Sport Clusters and Community Resilience in the United States

How to enhance community resilience to natural disasters is a major question for researchers and policymakers. Although researchers agree that sport generates community benefits, few scholarly efforts in sport management have been invested in understanding the sport–resilience association. This paper attempted to address whether and how sport clusters—the clustering of sport industries—are associated with community resilience across locations. To achieve this, geographically weighted regression and visualization techniques were applied to macro-level data regarding community resilience and the clustering of 13 separate sport industries across 3,108 counties in the contiguous United States. The results indicate that, overall, the clustering of eight sport industries was significantly associated with community resilience and demonstrates the existence of spatially heterogeneous associations in magnitudes and signs of community resilience in sport clusters. The findings of this paper have the potential to help community sport scholars and policymakers implement location-specific resilience policies through sport industry development.
Defect Detection for Improving Inspection Process Using Orthogonal Array: A Case Study of Cylindrical Metal Products

Currently, mass production of products has become possible owing to the advances in manufacturing technology, enabling the manufacture of products in larger quantities and at higher rates than that done previously. The inspection processes for detecting nonconforming products must be performed at higher speeds without any loss in accuracy. This has motivated the use of online inspection machines such as cameras that detect defective products in many inspection processes. However, accurate criteria must be set for such online inspection machines to distinguish between the non-defective and defective products. In this study, we focus on inspection techniques used to improve the classification accuracy of an actual inspection process. While previous studies have improved the classification accuracy by using a significant amount of preprocessing and feature-extraction calculations, neither to what extent each method affects the accuracy nor how to combine the different methods to improve the accuracy is known. We introduce orthogonal arrays to test the effect of several factors by performing a few experiments. In this study, we construct an optimal combination of methods using the orthogonal array to achieve a higher accuracy and demonstrate that the resulting combination of methods does, achieve a higher classification accuracy than the previous methods.
A HIGH-MASS DUSTY DISK CANDIDATE: THE CASE OF IRAS 18151−1208

Many questions remain regarding the properties of disks around massive prototstars. Here, we present the observations of a high-mass protostellar object including an elongated dust continuum structure perpendicular to the outflow. Submillimeter Array 230 GHz line and continuum observations of the high-mass protostellar object IRAS 18151−1208 along with single-dish IRAM 30 m observations afford us high spatial resolution (0.″8) as well as recovery of the extended emission that gets filtered out by the interferometer. The observations of 12CO confirm the outflow direction to be in the southeast–northwest direction, and the 1.3 mm continuum exhibits an elongation in the direction perpendicular to the outflow. We model the physical parameters of the elongated structure by simultaneously fitting the observed spectral energy distribution and the brightness profile along the major axis using the 3D Radiative Transfer code MC3D. Assuming a density profile similar to that of a low-mass disk, we can also reproduce the observations of this high-mass protostellar object. This is achieved by using the same density distribution and flaring parameters as were used in the low-mass case, and scaling up the size parameters that successfully modeled the circumstellar disk of several T Tauri stars. We also calculate that a region within the inner 30 AU of such a high-mass disk is stable under the Toomre criterion. While we do not rule out other scenarios, we show here that the observations in the high-mass regime are consistent with a scaled-up version of a low-mass disk. Implications on high-mass star formation are discussed.
Efficient conversion of furfuryl alcohol to ethyl levulinate with sulfonic acid-functionalized MIL-101(Cr)

Catalytic ethanolysis of furfuryl alcohol (FA) to ethyl levulinate (EL) with MIL-101(Cr)–SO3H, prepared by simple one-pot hydrothermal treatment, is presented for the first time. The as-prepared catalyst with high surface area, hydrothermal and chemical stability, good dispersion, and feasible accessibility of –SO3H Bronsted acid sites was found to show superior performance to other sulfonic acid-functionalized solid catalysts. Besides the special textural properties, the obtained good catalytic activity of 79.2% EL yield and 100% FA conversion were also dependent on the density and strength of the Bronsted acid and the reaction parameters. A slight loss of catalytic activity after five consecutive recycles and the hot filtration experiment confirmed the good stability of MIL-101(Cr)–SO3H. Two coexisting reaction paths for the ethanolysis of FA to EL catalyzed by MIL-101(Cr)–SO3H were proposed, wherein 2-ethoxymethylfuran (2-EMF) was observed to be the dominant intermediate.
Available micronutrient status of sunflower growing soils of Nagpur district (Maharashtra)

The present investigation was carried out to study the status of major micronutrients in sunflower growing soils of Nagpur district during the year 2009-2010. For this purpose in 6 profile 32 soil samples were collected from two tehsils (2 villages from each tehsil) of sunflower growing soils of Nagpur district. From each village soil sample was collected and subjected to laboratory for analyzing for some chemical properties and status of available micronutrients viz . , Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu. The correlation co-efficient between chemical properties and available nutrients were worked out. The study revealed that the soils are neutral to alkaline in reaction, safe in limit of electrical conductivity low to high in content of organic carbon and noncalcareous to calcareous in nature. The soil samples were deficient in available Zn, medium to sufficient in available Mn and sufficient in available Fe and Cu. The data showed that available Zn had significant negative relationship with pH (-0.125 * ) and CaCO 3 (-0.97 * ) and significant positive with EC (0.149 ** ). Available Fe had significant and positive correlation with EC (0.135 ** ) and O.C. (0.106 * ) and significant negative with CaCO 3 (-0.141 * ). Available Mn had negative and significant correlation with EC (-0.130 ** ) while Cu had positive significant relation with EC (0.101 * ) and O.C. (0.170 ** ).
Moderating Effect of Brand Equity on Relationship Quality in Chain Restaurant Industry: A Conceptual Paper

The purpose of this paper is to discuss at a conceptual level on the moderating effect of brand equity on relationship quality in the chain restaurant industry. A conceptual model of relationship quality expanded with brand equity construct is proposed. The paper finds brand equity moderates the relationship between patrons’ dining experience and relationship quality in achieving customer loyalty. The paper hopes to provide managers in services, particularly those in the restaurant industry, relevant information to assist in improving their relationship marketing programs.
Evaluation of phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of ficus auriculata lour. (moraceae) – an traditional medicinal plant

Ficus auriculata is a huge tropical, deciduous and evergreen tree is cultivated in India for its edible fruits and also this plant fruits have been used for the treatment of diabetes, asthma, male and female infertility by Malayali tribals in Yercaud hills. The main aim of this study was to screening of phytochemical properties of the fruit of this plant and also evaluated their potency. The investigation of phytochemical has been done by chemical tests and using some chemical reagents and it showed the presence of various classes of compounds such as carbohydrates, glycosides, phenolic compounds and Tannins, alkaloids, proteins and amino acids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, phytosterols and fixed oils and fat and absence of Anthraquinones. This study summarizes the information concerning the bioactive constituents present in methanol fruit extract which may be responsible for various therapeutically effects. Phenol content of the fruit extract was 1.03mg/g dr.wt, flavonoids content of the fruit extract was 0.64mg/g dr. wt. , and alkaloids content was 0.15 mg/g dr.wt. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was established by disc diffusion method and the extract showed a clear zone of inhibition against Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus epidermidies, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genetalium and Pseudonomos aeruginosa. The methanolic fruit extract of the F. auriculata showed a wide range of activity against all the bacterial studied. The zone of inhibition increased with the increase in concentration. Highest activity was seen in Mycoplasma genetalium and Staphylococcus epidermidies in a concentration of 60 µg. the results provide justification for the use of F. auriculata in folk medicine to treat various infectious disease.
The Syntax-Semantics of Durative Phrases in Chinese

This paper argues that the process-related durative phrase in Chinese should be analyzed as the numeral classifier phrase, and the syntax-semantics mismatch that is involved in this construction can be resolved by a scope parallelism that makes reference to the syntactic parallelism between the verbal and the nominal domains. The scope parallelism principle is dubbed the “Archimedes’ Principle” in linguistics. It is argued that the principle can also shed light on other instances of syntax-semantics mismatches in English. (This article is in English.) 提要 本文提出時量詞組在句法結構上應該被分析成一種數量詞組，而從這種分析衍生而來的句法-語意錯置的問題必須透過一個深層詞組結構中的對稱原則來解決，這個對稱原則乃是建立在句法上動詞性 CP 與名詞性 DP 的結構對稱關係。 我們可以把這個對稱的原則看作語言學理論裡的「阿基米德定律」。 本文更進一步指出，其它在英語與漢語裡發現的句法-語意錯置現象的例子也都可以透過此對稱性定律來得到完整而統一的解釋。
Raman spectroscopy of siderite at high pressure: Evidence for a sharp spin transition

Abstract We have measured high-pressure Raman spectra of both siderite single-crystalline and polycrystalline powder samples in diamond-anvil cell experiments across the pressure-induced high-spin (HS) to lowspin (LS) transition of Fe2+. Between 43.3 and 45.5 GPa, we observed a color change from transparent to green, which is associated to the spin transition. Furthermore, we calibrated the position of the Raman active v1 mode with pressure. In a second diamond-anvil cell experiment, we observed the color change from transparent to green in the form of a transition front passing through the single crystal and collected Raman spectra across the transition front. We were able to constrain the stress variation across this transition front to about 0.2 GPa, well below the resolution of our Raman-based pressure/stress calibration. In contrast to the single crystal, the powder sample shows the spin transition over a pressure range of 5 GPa, which we attribute to intergranular stresses. We conclude that within the resolution of our stress/pressure calibration the spin transition of iron in single-crystalline siderite is sharp.
The role of drugs and selected dietary factors in cutaneous squamous cell carcinogenesis

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma represents the second most common non-melanoma skin cancer and its incidence increases worldwide. This review provides an overview of selected exogenous risk factors for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, which include drugs (azathioprine, calcineurin inhibitors, hydrochlorothiazide, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors) and few dietary factors (fat meet, whole milk products, arsenic) to better understand squamous skin cancer etiopathogenesis. Ingredients such as leafy vegetables, nuts, fish, caffeine, niacin are preventive factors for cutaneous squamous cell cancer. The heart transplant recipients have an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma development than kidney or liver transplant ones and switching photosensitizing azathioprine to mycophenolate mofetil can reduce the incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. The great attention should be paid to early change of cardiac photosensitizing antihypertensive drugs to non-photosensitizing ones among patients with a history of prior skin cancers and among organ transplant recipients. Based on current knowledge that ultra-violet radiation is the main risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma development, promotion of the skin self-examination, photoprotection, tanning bed avoidance and early skin cancer diagnosis is important for this tumour prevention.
The confirmed occurrence of two specimens of Remora remora (Linnaeus, 1758) from Mersin Bay (NE Mediterranean, Turkey)

Remoras attach to sharks, big fish, and sea turtles and continue their lives with these creatures. Kapızlı and Tekeli beaches are located near Göksu Delta and Anamur nesting areas of Caretta caretta. In this study, two Remora individuals were caught with a fishing rod in July, when the ovulation was most intense. The smaller remora individual (33 cm) was caught from the coast of Tekeli with the chicken breast at a depth of 2.5 m, and the larger one (66 cm) with bread at a depth of 1.5 m from Kapızlı beach on 24.07. 2020. The two Remora individuals caught were probably attached to the sea turtles. However, probably due to sea turtles going to the beach to lay eggs, Remoras started to free-swimming, and they were caught with the fishing line since they could not be fed. The present study reported that the first occurrence of Remora specimens is probably attached to turtles for Turkey's northeastern Mediterranean coast. Besides, this study is provided some morphometric and meristic data on this species and discussed a probable host of these specimens.