Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrology and nutrient flux in an agrarian watershed of the Sikkim Himalaya

ABSTRACT: A hydrological study was carried out in an agrarian watershed located in the Sikkim Himalaya. The Mamlay watershed has an clevational range of 300-2650 m above msl with a total area of 3014 ha. The drainage of the watershed is dendritic type and the stream texture is fine on the higher elevation that gradually becomes coarse at the valley. The discharge was greatest in rainy season and smallest in summer. Sediment concentration of 325 mg/i WAS recorded during rainy season a: the watershed outlet. Overland flow was greatest in open agricultural (cropped) area (9.6% of the precipitation) and smallest in cardamom agroforcstry (2.17%). Soil loss of 477 kg/ha was recorded in open agricultural area, while it was very low (6 kg/ha) in dense mixed temperate natural forest. Large quantities of nutrients were lost through soil erosion from the open agricultural area in comparison to agroforestry systems. Agroforestry systems should be promoted in most of the areas where open agricultural practices are followed. The overland flow, soil and nutrient loss, and precipitation partitioning in different pathways in natural forest and agroforestry systems suggests that these land uses promote conservation of soil water, and nutrients.
Identifying the proper mix of growth-seeking strategies for Spanish SMEs: An analysis during times of economic boom and crisis

This study explores the potential effects of different combinations of growth-seeking strategies on performance in SMEs during long times of economic boom and crisis. Our hypotheses are tested on a representative sample of Spanish SMEs between 1994 and 2014. During these years Spain suffered one of the periods of greatest economic stability/growth in recent years (1994-2008), followed immediately by a period of severe crisis (2009-2014). Using dynamic panel data models, our findings reveal that four combinations exhibit a positive and statistically significant effect on performance in times of economic boom: a related product strategy combined with low, moderate, or high levels of internationalization, and an unrelated one combined with a moderate level of internationalization. Meanwhile, we find only two combinations with a positive impact on SME performance in times of crisis: a related product strategy combined with low and moderate levels of internationalization, respectively
Competencias digitales y tratamiento de información desde la mirada infantil Digital Skills and Information Processing from a Child's Perspective

This study responds to the need to determine whether, in an educational setting that incorporates Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and a project-based learning approach, 68 fourth-, fifth- and sixth-grade students from a public institution in Costa Rica have acquired the digital, information processing and teamwork skills necessary to face the challenges of the knowledge society we live in. The study was developed from a mixed embedded, mainly quantitative approach which was exploratory in scope. The results show a medium-high level of
Synthesis of Seven Indolizine-Derived Pentathiepines: Strong Electronic Structure Response to Nitro Substitution in Position C-9

Seven new 1,2,3,4,5-pentathiepino[6,7-a]indolizines were synthesized in which the pentathiepine moieties bear an indolizine backbone that is derivatized from C–H to F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO2-, and CH3-substitutions, respectively, in a meta position relative to the aza group on the pyridine moiety. Their preparation took place via two common steps: (i) a Sonogashira coupling between (4-substituted) 2-bromo- or 2-chloropyridines and propynyl 3,3-diethylacetal, and (ii) a ring closing reaction mediated by a molybdenum oxo-bistetrasulfido complex and elemental sulfur. The latter simultaneously facilitates the 1,2,3,4,5-pentathiepino chain/ring- and indolizine ring-formations. The fluoro derivative was addressed with 2-bromo-5-aminopyridine as the starting material via a Sandmeyer reaction. The iodo derivative was obtained from 5-bromo-2-alkynylpiridine using a metal-assisted variation of the Finkelstein reaction. The requirement to explore different reaction conditions and the varied respective yields of the final products are discussed. The influence of the distinct substitutions on the pyridine moieties, their electronic structures, and respective chemical properties was investigated through a set of spectroscopic/analytical characterizations. Intriguingly, in all cases, the nitro-substituted derivative exhibited a distinct behavior compared to the six other investigated derivatives, which was also addressed computationally. All seven new pentathiepines were crystallized, and their respective molecular structures were determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction. These structures are compared and discussed as are their respective packing patterns.
Revisitando el coeficiente de Gini en el Perú: El rol de las políticas públicas en la evolución de la desigualdad

Las crisis financieras no son un fenomeno nuevo en la historia. Desde la crisis de los tulipanes en 1634 hasta la crisis financiera de Estados Unidos en 2008 y la europea de 2010, son eventos que se han sucedido sin que se encuentre la forma de evitarlos. A lo largo de la historia, las crisis financieras asociadas a burbujas especulativas y excesiva acumulacion de deudas, son eventos recurrentes que comparten un patron similar, matizado con las caracteristicas de cada pais y momento historico. Los avances tecnologicos juegan un rol en la aceleracion de las mismas. A pesar de ello no tienen una definicion unica ni tampoco un esquema de resolucion aceptado. Las crisis generan consecuencias: el elevado costo social que generan en niveles de actividad y empleo. Una revision de las principales crisis financieras de la historia muestra una serie de elementos comunes y deja lecciones que deben tomarse en cuenta para, al menos, minimizar su ocurrencia.
Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine status in the Korean population: data from the 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the serum folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine status in Korean adolescents and adults using national data. METHODS Blood samples were collected from participants aged ≥10 years in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2015. The stored serum samples were used to measure folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine concentrations. A total of 8,016 participants were included in this analysis. Unweighted descriptive statistics and adjusted geometric means of the B vitamins and homocysteine concentrations were estimated. RESULTS Females had higher serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations and lower serum homocysteine concentrations than males. Folate deficiency (<6.8 nmol/L) and hyperhomocysteinemia (>15 μmol/L) were found in 8.6% and 11.8% of males, respectively. Approximately 3% of males had low or marginally low vitamin B12 status (≤221 pmol/L). Folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies and hyperhomocysteinemia were found in <2% of females. Suboptimal folate status was prevalent among adolescents and young adults, while suboptimal vitamin B12 status and hyperhomocysteinemia were relatively higher in older adults. Adjusted mean homocysteine concentrations were sharply decreased from the first to second decile of serum folate in males. CONCLUSIONS In the Korean population, the proportion of males who achieved desirable folate and homocysteine concentrations were lower than those of females. Although most Koreans have adequate vitamin B12, a suboptimal folate status is common, particularly among adolescents and young adults. These findings could establish a foundation for public health initiatives aimed at improving folate levels in the Korean population.
Impact of Work-Based Learning Models in Industry on Student Learning in the Application of Twood Construction

The learning that occurs in class must be relevant to industry needs, because graduates must have competencies that suit the needs of the world of work and industry. So, efforts are needed to implement a learning model that is in sync with the world of work in industry, one of which is the work-based learning (WBL) model. It was found that there were still gaps in the one-way work-based learning (WBL) model there was no concept model that integrated Merdeka Belajar (MBKM - Merdeka Campus). To overcome these problems, research has been carried out by applying the MBKM model, with the concept of workplace learning (WBL) and in accordance with independent campus government policies and the industrial concept. This research uses a quasi-experimental method. The research sample consisted of students from the wood construction application program who were divided into two groups, namely the Control Group with 13 samples and the Treatment Group with 13 samples, so that the total sample was 26 consisting of students and lecturers from the Faculty of Engineering. The research instrument to measure the implementation of the MBKM-based WBL model in the control group uses the Project Based Learning (PJBL) model using cognitive ability tests and skills tests, as well as observation sheets to measure students' work attitudes. The findings show that when compared with the PJBL model, the learning outcomes of students who use the MBKM WBL model which is relevant to industrial concepts, skills, and attitudes, are much higher.
Urban climate zone classification using convolutional neural network and ground-level images

Urban climate risks have a wide range of impacts on the health of more than 50% of the world’s population, which is a critical issue relating to climate change. To support urban climate study and categorise different urban environments and their atmospheric impacts in a consistent way, the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) classification scheme has been developed. The World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools project aims to map the LCZ of cities across the globe. However, previous classification approaches based on satellite images have limitations regarding the characterisation of three-dimensional features such as building heights. This study aims to apply convolutional neural networks to classify LCZ types based on ground-level images, which can provide more detail of the urban environments. Validation results have shown an overall accuracy of 69.6%. The new method outperformed previous satellite-based studies for classifying the LCZ types Compact Mid-rise, Sparsely Built, Heavy Industry, and Bare Rock or Paved.
Exploring Prehistoric Violence in Tonga

In prehistory, the Kingdom of Tonga in Polynesia was a powerful centralized chiefdom. However, little is known about society in the archipelago prior to the establishment of the chiefdom. It has been surmised that during its formation society was violent, but there is no archaeological evidence to support this. This research investigates if skeletal trauma in a collection of remains from the Kingdom of Tonga reflects deliberate violence representative of warfare through the macroscopic and radiographic examination of fractures and other traumatic lesions. Because of the history of warfare in the Tongan archipelago recorded ethnographically, it was expected that interpersonal violence would manifest itself as isolated ulnae fractures and cranial trauma. Results showed a significant difference (P = .05) between the number of ulnae fractured (n = 8/53) compared with the number of radii (n = 2/51). Radiographs revealed that ulnae fractures were indicative of direct force trauma, probably reflecting defensive ”parry” fractures. There were few instances of cranial trauma, not supporting the expectation that the population was engaging in warfare. Based on the skeletal pattern of trauma, it is suggested that these injuries could be attributed more to ritualized violence or sporting activities rather than warfare during the creation of the chiefdom.
Influence of Sowing Dates on Yield and yield components of lentil under semi-arid region of Tunisia

A field experiment was conducted at Kef research station (INRAT) located in a semi-arid zone in north-western of Tunisia to study the effect of two sowing dates (27 November 2014 and 7 February 2015) on phenology, growth and yield components of nineteen lentil lines. Our results showed that the different lines responded differently to different sowing dates. As sowing was replayed from November to February, numbers of days until flowering (NDF) and numbers of days until maturity (NDM) were decreased by 41% (78.3 vs. 133.4 days) and by 29.2% (171.8 vs. 121.7 days) respectively. On the other hand, the delay in sowing of lentil lines from November to February reduced the plant height (PH), the biological yield per plant (BYPP), the number of productive branches per plant (NPBPP) , the pods number per plant (PNPP) and grain yield/ha (GY/ha) by 28%, 21%, 46%,45% and 66% respectively. It is important to note that some lentil lines (line4 and line8) produce more grain yield under later sowing date comparatively to early sowing date. These lentil lines need more attention and can be incorporated in lentil breeding programme for the development of short stage varieties.
Reassessing Model Uncertainty for Regional Projections of Precipitation with an Ensemble of Statistical Downscaling Methods

AbstractThis is the second in a pair of papers in which the performance of statistical downscaling methods (SDMs) is critically reassessed with respect to their robust applicability in climate change studies. Whereas the companion paper focused on temperatures, the present manuscript deals with precipitation and considers an ensemble of 12 SDMs from the analog, weather typing, and regression families. First, the performance of the methods is cross-validated considering reanalysis predictors, screening different geographical domains and predictor sets. Standard accuracy and distributional similarity scores and a test for extrapolation capability are considered. The results are highly dependent on the predictor sets, with optimum configurations including information from midtropospheric humidity. Second, a reduced ensemble of well-performing SDMs is applied to four GCMs to properly assess the uncertainty of downscaled future climate projections. The results are compared with an ensemble of regional climate .
Mirror mode structures ahead of dipolarization front near the neutral sheet observed by Cluster

Magnetic compressional structures ahead of a dipolarization front (DF) on 30 August 2002 are investigated by using Cluster data. Our findings are as follows: (1) the structures, observed near the neutral sheet, are mainly compressional and dominant in BZ; (2) they are almost nonpropagating relative to the local ion bulk flow and their lengths are several local proton gyroradius; (3) the ion density increases when BT decreases; (4) ions are partially trapped by the structures with parallel and perpendicular velocities varying in antiphase; and (5) local conditions are favorable for excitation of the mirror instability, and we suggest that these structures are mirror mode‐like. Our findings also suggest that local conditions ahead of the DF are viable for exciting the mirror instability to generate mirror mode waves or structures.
Effect of climatic changes on the development of the thermal-ice regime based on the example of Lake Charzykowskie (Poland)

Abstract The paper discusses the course of air temperature in the years 1961-2014 in Chojnice (Central European Lowland), and its effect on water temperature and occurrence of ice cover on Lake Charzykowskie. An increase in mean annual air temperature was determined by 0.31°C per 10 years, and its even faster increase in the winter season (December-March), by 0.37°C per 10 years on average. An increase in mean annual water temperature in the lake by 0.24°C per 10 years also occurred. An increase in air and water temperature in winter months caused a reduction of the period of occurrence of ice cover. In the years 1961-2014, the persistence of ice cover was subject to a decrease by 3.7 days per 10 years on average, and the mean thickness of the ice cover decreased from 30 to 19 cm.
Factors that Influence Banking Performance in Indonesia

This research aims to examine the influence of ESG Score, NPL, Bank Size, Bank Capital, Liquidity Risk, Bank Liquidity, revenue growth, Bank Leverage, Economic Growth, Inflation, Diversification, Labor Productivity, and ESG Score Moderating on Bank performance, which is shown with the achievement of Return on Assets. The research sample used in this research is banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018 to 2022. Data was taken from time series data which contains data from 2018 to 2022 for the independent variable and bank performance as the dependent variable. The research methodology used is Ordinary Least Squares using Eviews 12 software. The findings and contributions in this research are that ESG Score, Non-Performing Loans, Bank Leverage, Economic Growth, and Inflation influence bank performance. Meanwhile, Bank Size, Bank Capital, Liquidity Risk, Bank Liquidity, and revenue growth do not have a significant effect on changes in bank performance. Bank Leverage, Economic Growth, and Inflation have a positive and significant effect on changes in bank performance, while ESG Score and Non-Performing Loans have a negative and significant effect on changes in bank performance. Banks can take advantage of Bank Leverage, Economic Growth, and Inflation opportunities to improve their performance so that investors are interested in buying bank shares. Low and controlled Non-Performing Loans will increase banking profits, thereby improving the bank's performance. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide input for banks and investors to consider ESG Score, Non-Performing Loans, Bank Leverage, Economic Growth, and Inflation in managing their business and in making investment decisions.
CARBONIFEROUS AND PERMIAN FLORA IN THE NORTHERN PART OF THE HELAN MOUNTAINS

The fossil plants studied in this paper were collected from the Carboniferous and Permian strata in the northern part of the Helan Mountains. The flora is composed of 104 species in 39 genera, which may be divided into five plant assemblages in ascending order as follows:(1)the early Late Carboniferous Bothrodendron circulare-Mesocalamites cistiformi assemblage;(2)the middle Late Carboniferous Lepidodendron subrhombicum-Conchophyllum richthofeni assemblage;(3)the late Late Carboniferous Lepidodendron szeianum-Neuropteris ovata assemblage;(4)the early Early Permian Lepidodendron posthumii-Callipteridium koraiense assemblage;(5)the late Early Permian Caulopteris wudaensis-Paratingia datongensis assemblage. Their typical formations are the Hongtuwa Formation, the Yanghukou Formation, the Lower Taiyuan Formation, the Middle and Upper Taiyuan Formation, and the Shanxi Formation respectively. The geological ages of the five plant assemblages may approximately correspond to the Namurian B-C, Westphalian, Stephanian, Asselian, Sakmarian and Aritinskian. The Carboniferous and Permian flora contains typical Cathaysian elements and it is a typical Cathaysia flora. The flora can be compared with contemporaneous floras in the Cathaysian province. In addition, the evolution of the flora is discussed in this paper. 
EVALUATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL BIOMARKERS AS POSSIBLE PREDICTIVE FACTORS AND PROGNOSIS MARKERS OF KIDNEY INJURY IN DOGS NATURALLY INFECTED WITH LEISHMANIA INFANTUM

Impaired renal function is one of the main characteristics of dogs infected with Leishmania infantum. Early diagnosis of kidney injury is essential for improving patient’s prognosis. This study aims to evaluate physiological biomarkers as predictors of kidney injury and prognostic markers. Medical records of fifty-nine dogs of different breed, age, and sex, naturally infected with L. infantum, were analyzed. Red blood cells, leucocytes, platelets count, hematocrit, total plasma proteins, plasma globulin, plasma albumin, serum creatinine, serum urea, serum phosphorus, serum symmetrical dimethyl arginine, urine analysis, urinary density, urinary protein creatinine ratio, urinary creatinine, urinary protein, and systemic blood pressure were examined in trial 0. Six months after trial 0, twenty-four dogs returned for clinical and laboratory examination. The second medical record analysis was identified as trial 1. The twenty-four dogs were examined using the same tests performed in trial 0. The physiological biomarker such as platelets and leukocyte count, hematocrit, serum phosphorus, urinary density, and systemic blood pressure, showed a significant correlation as prognostic and predictive factors of kidney injury in dogs. The platelet count was used as the physiological biomarker to show the value as a predictive factor and prognostic marker related to biomarkers of kidney injury in dogs naturally infected with L. infantum.
Nutritional Intervention Improves Muscle Mass and Physical Performance in the Elderly in the Community: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutritional supplements have been extensively used as health interventions for the elderly. However, with the spread of COVID-19, no consensus exists on whether nutritional interventions could improve muscle mass and physical activity in community-dwelling older adults. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effects of different nutritional interventions on muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, and Cochrane databases from their founding dates to December 2023. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were considered, and the overall mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. There were 33 studies comprising 3579 elderly persons meeting the inclusion criteria. Comprehensive analysis suggested that the intervention effect of fat-free mass (FFM), appendix skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), handgrip strength (HGS), gait speed, and short physical performance battery (SPPB) score was higher in the nutritional supplement group than in the control group. The results of subgroup analysis demonstrated that protein supplementation (SMD = 0.82, p < 0.0001) had an optimal effect on ASMM (SMD = 0.89, p < 0.0001) and FFM (MD = 2.09, p < 0.0001) in the elderly. Vitamin D supplementation (SMD = 0.52, p < 0.0001) had a marginal effect on ASMM, and energy supplementation (SMD = 0.39, p = 0.0005) had the lowest effect. Moreover, nutritional interventions had the most significant impact on HGS (MD = 1.06, p < 0.0001) and TUG (MD = 0.14, p < 0.0001) in individuals aged 65–75 years old, with positive effects on FFM (MD = 1.62, p < 0.0001) and HGS (MD = 0.82, p < 0.0001) when compared to healthy elderly individuals, and had greater effect on ASMM (SMD = 0.69, p < 0.0001) than on the elderly with sarcopenia. Nutritional supplements can enhance muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly, while protein is recommended for muscle function. The golden period for implementing nutritional interventions to improve muscle function is before the age of 75 years. However, the impact of nutritional interventions varies with age and population. Given the limited evidence on nutritional interventions, more detailed and high-quality studies are highly warranted in the future.