Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accelerated testing method for polymer gears

The field of polymer gears has grown significantly in the last decade. The requirements from the industry, to design stronger, lighter, quieter and more efficient gears drives, have also motivated polymer manufacturers to produce custom made materials. These materials can have tailor made properties like low friction and wear, high dimensional stability and/or high strength. However, the use of basic polymer materials (like PA and POM) is still very common in polymer gear drives as they are tribologically compatible and have lower price compared to the tailor made polymer materials. In the last 2 years, the new VDI 2736 guideline for the design of polymer gears, was introduced. It has, compared to the old VDI 2545, an updated gear design method, but some of the limitations are still obvious. The material data for lifetime calculations is limited. In order to properly design gear drives, it seems necessary to measure the material properties and operating temperatures in gear tests prior to the gear design. The paper presents an accelerated testing procedure for plastic gears that is based on two levels of testing. 3 different materials were used for testing; POM, PA6, PA6+GF. The gears were tested at speeds between 500 rpm and 2500 rpm and torque between 0.30 Nm and 0.82 Nm. The testing procedure follows requests from product development process. The proposed method was applied in full range on gear pairs made from polyacetal (POM) and polyamide 6 (PA6). The results from lifetime testing are also compared to material properties as documented in the VDI 2736. Tests have shown that polymer gears fail in two typical ways: by root fatigue or by sudden melting. Wear fail mode can be avoided by appropriate material pair selection. Fatigue can be measured by lifetime tests and is predictable. However, melting of gears is the consequence of overload and temperature rise and is not easily predictable, because the gear temperature calculations are not completely in agreement with industrial measurements. Prediction of gear temperature is very important for polymer gears as the material properties (S-N or Wöhler curve) can depend greatly on the temperature. In some cases, even the melting of the gears can occur. Therefore, an accurate prediction of temperature in operation is necessary. The equation in VDI 2736 for the calculation of the gear temperature, contains factors, which were reviewed based on our test results. With modification of factors for the calculation of gear root temperature, a good correlation between measured and calculated root temperatures (VDI 2736) was found.
European monitoring of excess mortality for public health action (EuroMOMO)

Background The objective of EURO-MOMO is to develop and operate a coordinated approach to real-time mortality monitoring across Europe. This will enhance the European capacity to assess and manage serious public health risks such as pandemic influenza and other emerging infections as well as environmental conditions with an impact on public health, e.g., heat waves and cold snaps. Methods The 3-year project started in 2008 has 24 partners …
Multidisciplinary Management of Knee Osteoarthritis using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

Purpose: To identify the role of environmental, cultural and accessibility factors in community reintegration and to assess how a healthcare team can provide complete rehabilitation to a client with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Method: A 57-year-old woman with bilateral knee OA was assessed using the ICF core set for OA. The components identified were linked to ICF categorical profile and assessment sheet. ICF allowed the team to identify the global, service programme and cycle goals. The client’s clinical status was followed over a 4 month period. Results: At 16 weeks, the client was able to walk faster and reported an increased ability to sit continuously, climb stairs and carry out her routine activities for a full day without increase in pain. Though she is satisfied with the outcome of the treatment, her engagement with public sphere continues to pose a problem in her attempts to reintegrate in to community. She is also concerned that her pace of doing activities has decreased within the household and outside world. Conclusion: The social construct of disability needs to be emphasized more seriously for complete rehabilitation, failing which there may not be any success at the level of functioning. Implications: This method of depicting the problems from both the client’s and health professionals’ perspective ensured that the process of goal setting is shared between the client and rehabilitation team. Some of the non-modifiable goals identified by the team revolved around environmental factors and social policy development. These factors have to be considered by policy makers to improve functioning of persons with OA at the community and society level.
Self-reported chronic diseases and associated sociodemographic status and lifestyle risk factors among rural Vietnamese adults

Aims: The fact that chronic diseases are leading causes of mortality and morbidity in hospitals in Vietnam was certified by yearly statistical information. However, population-based knowledge of chronic diseases is still largely lacking. This article examines the prevalence of major chronic diseases and their relationships with sociodemographic status and selected lifestyle risk factors among the adult population in a rural community in the north of Vietnam. Methods: A representative sample comprising 2500 adults aged 25–74 years was surveyed in 2005 using a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and analytical statistical analyses were applied. Results: Thirty-nine per cent of the respondents had at least one of the studied chronic diseases. The prevalence of current smoking was 59% among men and 0.7% among women. The prevalence of at-risk alcohol drinking was 67% among men and 3% among women. Increasing age, low education and doing other jobs (small traders, temporary workers, housekeepers, handicraft makers and jobless), as well as tobacco use and atrisk alcohol drinking, were found to be associated with a higher probability of having at least one chronic disease of interest. Economic status was found to be inversely correlated with the probability of having at least one chronic disease among women only. Conclusions: The findings from this study indicated that chronic conditions and lifestyle risk factors were very common among the adult population in rural Vietnam. There is an association between chronic diseases and lower socioeconomic status and unhealthy lifestyle risk factors.
Evaluation of fosmidomycin in adults with acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

Abstract The treatment of malaria is becoming increasingly difficult due to the development of Plasmodiumfalciparum strains resistant to the commonly used antimalarials. There is thus an urgent needfor new, effective, and safe, antimalarial drugs. This study determined the efficacy of fosmidomycinamong patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum infection. Fifteen patients were enrolled to receivefosmidomycin 1,200 mg orally every 8 hours for 7 days on an inpatient basis, followed by scheduledoutpatient visits on days 14, 21, and 28 post-treatment. Five patients withdrew from the study: 1had an equivocal pregnancy test result, 1 developed signs of severe malaria, 1 withdrew consent,and 2 did not receive the full treatment course. Per-protocol analysis showed a 100% cure rate inthe first 7 days, dropping to 22% at 28-day follow-up. No serious adverse effects were observed. Theresult of this study showed that fosmidomycin cleared parasites well in the first 7 days; however,the recrudescence rate was high during the 28 days’ follow-up period. The drug should be useful inthe treatment of acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria infection, but combination therapy isneeded to reduce recrudescence, thus improving cure rate. Keywords : Plasmodium falciparum; fosmidomycin;isopentenyl diphosphate
Time Allocation as Correlate of Undergraduates’ Academic Achievement in Cataloguing and Classification in Library Schools in Southern Nigeria

The study focuses on time allocation as correlate of undergraduates’ academic achievement in cataloguing and classification in library schools in Southern Nigeria. Cataloguing and classification courses are expected to be taught theoretically and practically in library schools. The main problem of this study is undergraduates’ poor academic achievement in cataloguing and classification. According to authors, cataloguing and classification are core courses in librarianship. Despite the importance of these courses in the library schools, it is observed that many undergraduates are known to perform poorly in the examinations. Survey research design of correlational type was adopted for this study. Hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance was that there was no significant relationship between time allocation and academic achievement of undergraduates in cataloguing in library schools in Southern Nigeria. The 550 final year students and 18 lecturers teaching cataloguing and classification in library schools in Southern Nigeria were purposively selected for the study. Time allocated for teaching and learning cataloguing and classification scale (a = 0.64) and students’ achievement test in cataloguing and classification (a = 0.63) were used to collect data for the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis. Results from the study revealed that: there was a significant relationship between time allocation and academic achievement of undergraduates in cataloguing and classification in library schools. Time allocated for teaching cataloguing and classification was inadequate. Academic achievement of the majority of the undergraduates was at average level. The library school management in partnership with the National Universities Commission (NUC) should include separate hour on the time table for practical cataloguing and classification in library schools in Nigeria to enable students to balance theory with practical knowledge. This is necessary to enhance students’ academic achievement in cataloguing and classification. Lecturers’ teaching cataloguing and classification should spend more time in cataloguing practicals to encourage the students to develop interest in cataloguing and classification.
Corporal Punishment in Nepalese School Children: Facts, Legalities and Implications

While the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) demands that children be respected as human beings with the right to dignity and physical integrity, in Nepal corporal punishment is often considered necessary to children’s upbringing, to facilitate learning and to instill discipline in the children. The existence of this cruel practice towards children is attributed to the weak national policy, unhealthy academic competition among the schools, poorly trained teachers, superstitious traditional beliefs and hierarchical social structure. Consequently, the children are doomed to suffer this practice resulting in negative physical, mental and social welfare. Besides corporal punishment, sexual abuse in school going children seems to be frequent but mostly unreported. This is high time we eliminated this violence against children in schools and it calls for holistic approach. For this, it is necessary to pursue a set code of conduct and raise awareness among the teachers for the child rights in order to stop undignified, inhuman and undisciplined tradition. The awareness and capacity of the health professionals to deal with complexities of the child abuse also needs to be promoted. Furthermore, the need of improvements in the national laws and their proper implementation is a longstanding challenge for the governmental and nongovernmental organizations.
Reactions of the Elderly in New Zealand to Nuclear War and Other Nuclear Issues

The present dearth of research on the attitudes and responses of the elderly to social issues led to the application of a brief scale to an elderly group of 101 New Zealand men to measure their attitudes and knowledge about nuclear issues. A large proportion of the elderly were worried about the possibility of nuclear war and ranked it highly in a list of concerns. Half of the elderly thought that a nuclear war within 15 years was likely and only a small proportion felt that they could exert some influence to prevent nuclear war. The disquiet about nuclear war and its effects also extended to attitudes and beliefs about nuclear power and food irradiation. We compared responses of the elderly to those of a sample of 158 adolescent males to the same scale. Responses of the adolescents were very similar. A major difference was that the adolescents thought that the consequences of a nuclear war for New Zealand would be more severe.
Quality Issues and Insights in the 21st Century

'Quality Issues and Insights in the 21 st Century' is an international, periodical scientific journal publishing original research across the whole of quality. The journal's Editorial Board and staff are committed to building QIIC into the leading scientific journal in its field by publishing articles of outstanding scientific quality that merit the attention and interest of the whole quality community. QIIC is peer-reviewed journal. Every submission is preliminarily assessed by the Editorial Board who also guide the formal peer-review process
6 Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Formaldehyde

The report selectively reviews the extensive literature available on the toxicity of Formaldehyde. It is concluded that Formaldehyde in cosmetic products is safe to the great majority of consumers. Because of the skin sensitivity of some individuals to this agent, the formulation and manufacture of a cosmetic product should be such as to ensure use at the minimal effective concentration of Formaldehyde, not to exceed 0.2% measured as free Formaldehyde. It cannot be concluded that Formaldehyde is safe in cosmetic products intended to be aerosolized.
Clinical-pathological Study of Rosacea in a Small Cohort of Saudi Arabia

Although rosacea is a common disease, it is rarely biopsied. There are few reports on the histopathological changes in rosacea in literature, but no attempt has been made in Saudi Arabia, to correlate such changes with clinical findings. In the present study, our aim was to analyze the clinical diversity and histological alteration of rosacea in a small cohort. The study included eight patients with a diagnosis of rosacea. A skin biopsy with 4mm punch was performed in each case from the clinically involved area. The patients had broad clinical spectrum of lesions ranging from erythematous telangiectatic plaque to rhinophyma. No histological pattern was found to be unique for rosacea. Demodex mite infestation, which is considered to be significant in literature, was found not to be a contributing factor. Rosacea demonstrates a wide range of clinical presentation. Elastoid degeneration was an outstanding feature due to the ultraviolet sensitivity of the disease and the fact that our sunrays are potentially damaging all year round.
Delayed 18F-FDG PET for Detection of Paraaortic Lymph Node Metastases in Cervical Cancer Patients

UNLABELLED This prospective study investigated the usefulness of dual-phase (18)F-FDG PET scans (40 min and 3 h) in detecting paraaortic lymph node (PALN) metastasis for cervical cancer. METHODS One hundred four consecutive cervical cancer patients (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging Ib-IVb, recurrent or persistent tumors) were included. All patients received a whole-body (18)F-FDG PET scan at 40 min and an additional scan from the T11 level to the inguinal region at 3 h after injection of 370 MBq (18)F-FDG. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) and retention index (RI [%], obtained by subtracting the normalized SUV value obtained at 40 min from that at 3 h) of the lesions were determined. RESULTS In all, 38 of the 104 patients were confirmed to have PALN metastases. For 31 patients (81.6%) with 13 upper (L1-L2 level) and 30 lower (L3-L4 level) PALNs, these metastases were detected with the 40-min scan. In addition, for 7 patients (18.4%) with 7 lower PALNs, metastases were found with the 3-h scan (RI = 12.6%). Two patients (3.0%) had 2 false-positive lesions initially (40 min) but were classified as benign with the 3-h scan. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of (18)F-FDG PET scans at 40 min were 81.6%, 97.0%, and 91.3%, respectively. These quantities were all 100% when both the 40-min and 3-h scans were taken together. Eight patients (21.1%) had their treatment planning changed. We divided the 38 patients into 2 subgroups. Subgroup A included those with either only upper or only lower PALN metastases, and subgroup B included those with both upper and lower PALN metastases. In subgroup A, the SUV values were greater in the upper than in the lower PALNs in both the 40-min and 3-h images (P = 0.077). In subgroup B, there was no significant difference of SUV values between upper and lower PALNs in the 40-min (P = 0.433) and 3-h (P = 0.937) images. CONCLUSION Our results showed that an additional 3-h scan is helpful for PALN detection of cervical cancer patients. A delayed image (3 h) is especially useful for lower PALN metastases.
Make or break: the importance of good mentorship

Student midwives not only have an enormous workload to contend with in order to obtain their degree, but they also have to tackle the hierarchical demands of the wards in which they train. Positive mentorship is essential in order that student midwives learn self-confidence, assertiveness and autonomy while providing woman-centred care. The rationale for writing this article came not only from the negative experiences of labour ward, but also from the many positive experiences that enable students to feel secure and welcome on their placement. However the subtle, or in some cases blatant, power games that are played on the wards serve to confuse, humiliate and belittle those who are in a vulnerable position. Mentors require valuable training and support from management and the universities in order that they do not take out their own frustrations on their students.
Foot health in diabetes mellitus: epidemiological and educational aspects

3 List of figures.11 List of tables.13 Acknowledgements.15 Author contributions.17 Publications.21 Structure of thesis.23 List of acronyms.25 Chapter 1: Introduction.29 1.1 Prevalence of diabetes.32 1.2 Costs.32 1.3 Diabetes complications.32 1.3. 1 Macrovascular complications.32 1.3. 1.1 Peripheral Arterial Disease.33 1.3. 2 Microvascular complications.34 1.3. 2.1 Nephropathy.34 1.3. 2.2 Retinopathy.35 1.3. 2.3 Neuropathy.35 1.4 The Diabetic Foot.36 1.4. 1 Foot deformity and the intrinsic minus foot.37 1.4. 2 Foot ulceration.39 1.4. 3 Infection.43 1.4. 4 Lower Extremity Amputation.44 6 1.4. 5 Charcot foot.45 1.5 Assessment of the diabetic foot.46 1.5. 1 Neurological examination.47 1.5. 1.1 Pressure.47 1.5. 1.2 Vibration Perception Threshold.48 1.5. 1.3 Deep tendon reflexes.50 1.5. 1.4 Pain and temperature.51 1.5. 1.5 Light touch and joint position.51 1.5. 1.6 Other tests.52 1.5. 1.7 Evaluation of neuropathy.52 1.5. 2 Vascular examination.53 1.5. 2.1 Palpation of peripheral pulses.53 1.5. 2.2 Hand-held Doppler ultrasound.53 1.5. 2.3 Ankle Brachial Index.54 1.5. 2.4 Toe pressures and Toe Brachial Index.55 1.5. 2.5 Other.55 1.5. 3 Dermatologic examination.56 1.5. 4 Musculoskeletal examination.56 1.5. 5 Footwear.57 1.6 Assessing risk.57 1.7 Management of the diabetic foot.58 1.8 The burden of diabetic foot complications.59 1.9 Reducing the burden of diabetic foot complications.60 1.10 Predictors of foot ulceration.60
The role of education and training in achieving change in care homes: a literature review

Abstract Care homes play a vital role in the provision of support for the frailest members of our society, and given the demographic trends their role will continue for the foreseeable future. However, there remain enduring concerns about the quality of care such homes provide. Training and education for staff are often seen as the key to raising standards and as such are widely promoted. This paper presents a conceptual review and synthesis of the literature on the role of education and training in initiating and supporting change in care homes. A systematic method to the identification of sources was adopted, and a rigorous three-stage approach to analysis applied. The review identifies the barriers and facilitators to change and concludes that education is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for success. Rather it is argued that the role and status of care homes needs to be raised, and that a relationship-centred approach to care adopted, which acknowledges the importance of attending to the needs of all those who live in, work in, or visit care homes.
Assessment of antiepileptic drugs usage in a South Indian tertiary care teaching hospital

A prospective observational study was conducted to assess the antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) usage, drug related problems and medication adherence behavior among enrolled epileptic patients in a South Indian tertiary care teaching hospital. The prescriptions from 439 patients containing AEDs were analyzed for number of AEDs prescribed and for potential drug related problems. Morisky’s Medication adherence scale was applied to study the medication adherence behaviour of enrolled patients and those patients were also monitored to identify the adverse drugs reactions. Monotherapy was initiated in 61.9% patients, and when proven ineffective in controlling seizures dual therapy was initiated in 28.7% of patients and three drug therapy in 8.4% patients. Phenytoin (42.1%) was the most frequently prescribed AED followed by valproic acid (41.0%). Forty fi ve adverse drugs reactions were reported during the study period. Phenytoin (53.3%) and valproic acid (26.7%) were the major drugs implicated for adverse drugs reactions. During the follow up visits, 96.6% of the patients were highly adherent to the prescribed medications, although less than half of the patients attended outpatient follow up.
Leadership for Change in Complex Systems

Objectives: To examine clinician leadership for change from the perspective of complexity. Methods: The core features of complex adaptive systems are described and examples of these characteristics are identified in Australia's mental health system. The implications of conceiving of themental health system as a complex adaptive system are explored. Conclusions: It is concluded that there is value in conceiving of Australia's mental health system as a complex adaptive system and that such a conception provides useful guidance for leadership for change and for management.