Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk factor analysis for congenital heart defects in children

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common malformations, occurring in almost 1.0 in 100 births. We investigated an association between risk factors and CHDs, because epidemiological studies have reported conflicting results regarding risk factors and CHDs recently. The study of CHD frequency was conducted in Chernivtsi region (Northern Bukovina) on the basis of the medical genetic center. A retrospective method of research by studying registration genetic maps was used to analyze risk factors. 91 cards of infants suffering from CHD (47 boys and 44 girls) aged 0–1 living in the territory of Northern Bukovina were selected. In order to identify risk factors, 133 cards of healthy infants (77 boys and 56 girls) were used. The analysis of risk factors revealed that the female gender of a child is a risk factor for CHD development. The analysis of the ordinal number of pregnancy revealed that the second and the third pregnancies are probable risk factors for the development of this pathology. It was found in our study that folic acid intake during the first trimester prevented CHD development (OR 2.33). The study revealed that among stressful risk factors are: unplanned pregnancy (OR 3.13); out-of-wedlock pregnancy and stress during pregnancy. Maternal CHD increased the CHD development in offspring approximately by two times. Some factors, such as a woman doing hard physical work during pregnancy, having sedentary work during pregnancy, the mother being a housewife or having an incomplete secondary education (OR 3.61), the mother’s secondary education, the father’s incomplete secondary education (OR 18.62), the father serving in the army (OR 2.15) or being a student at the time of woman’s pregnancy (OR 2.97) were significant for CHD development in the fetal stage. A young age of the father (up to 43 years) was also considered as one of the risk factors. This article is expected to provide timely information on risk factors for CHD development to a wide range of medical staff, including pediatric and adult cardiologists, pediatricians, thoracic surgeons, obstetricians, gynecologists, medical geneticists, genetic counselors and other relevant clinicians.
Chemical composition of camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk as affected by parity and seasons under pastoral production systems in north-west, Nigeria

One hundred and seven camels and twelve lactating camel cows were used in a such comprising three seasons (wet, cold-dry and hot-dry) and three purities (one, three and five). The study was conducted using a 3 x 3 factorial in a completely randomized design. Four animals were selected in each parity level and were at early stage of lactation. The calving time and health status of the animals were carefully examined before selection. Milk samples were analyzed for chemical composition. The mean chemical composition of the milk obtained indicated significantly (P<0.05) higher total solids, solid non far, far, ash and viscosity in hot-dry season, however no significant (P>0.05) difference existed in the pH and density while lactose level of milk was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cold-dry season respectively. It is concluded that there is lower fat content in camel milk compared to other dairy animals despite the feed and water challenges during hot season.
Screening with Under-Utilization: Tiers, Add-ons, and Multi-Part Tariffs

We propose a model of screening in which agents have satiated preferences and can engage in under-utilization. We characterize implementable and optimal contracts and show that, whenever the principal has positive externalities from agents' consumption, the optimal menu involves multi-part tariffs with regions of zero marginal cost. We apply our results to study the pricing of digital goods which naturally feature usage-based externalities and unpunishable under-utilization (e.g., social media, online news, and media streaming). We derive comparative statics to study the mapping of different externalities to familiar multi-part pricing schemes (premium plans, freemium models, and free products) and the welfare implications of technological progress in targeted advertising and data collection. We also characterize the effects of monitoring utilization and apply our results to study regulation and taxation.
Prevalence of Diagnosed Mental Disorders Among Florida Adult Appendectomy Patients: Implications for Medical Cost Offset with Mental Health Treatment

Background: This study analyzed the prevalence of mental disorders among appendectomy patients, comparing differences between patients with and without mental disorders to explore the potential for a psychiatric cost-offset effect. Methods: Records of 209,822 appendectomy patients age 18 and older were abstracted from 1994-2009 Florida hospital discharge data. Chisquare tests, t-tests, and logistic regression were performed. Results: Of the study population, 5.1% were diagnosed with a mental disorder. Odds for psychotic, schizophrenic, affective, neurotic, and depressive disorders were significantly greater above age 28. Females had significantly greater odds for affective, neurotic, and depressive disorders. Negative appendectomy was significantly positively associated with neurotic and other mental disorders. Irritable bowel syndrome and ill-defined rightlower abdominal pain were each independently significantly associated with neurotic, depressive, and other mental disorders. Psychotic and schizophrenic disorders were significantly associated with lengths of stay above two days, and other mental disorders above three days. Affective, neurotic, depressive, and other mental disorders were significantly associated with hospital charges totaling $18,941 or more, psychotic disorders totaling $26,860 or more, and schizophrenic disorders totaling $39,106 or more. Conclusions: Longer stays and higher charges incurred by appendectomy patients diagnosed with mental disorders raise the prospect of a potential psychiatric cost-offset effect. Improved diagnosis of mental disorders and irritable bowel syndrome in patients presenting with functional abdominal pain suspected to be psychogenic in origin is indicated, as are referrals to appropriate mental and/or physical health treatment professionals.
Evaluation of masticatory muscle activity and survival rate of single implant-retained mandibular overdenture fabricated from thermoplastic versus conventional acrylic resin. A randomized controlled trial

Background: Electromyographic (EMG) activities of single implant-retained mandibular overdentures (MODs) has been dubious. Midline fracture of the denture is the most common complication related to Single implant-retained MODs. Thermoplastic polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) acrylic resin achieves even distribution of forces and helps in absorption of impact forces which occurs during functional and parafunctional activities. Aim of the study: This clinical study aimed to investigate whether thermoplastic PMMA can improve the EMG activity and decrease the incidence of denture fracture in single implant- retained MODs. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was designed, where 28 completely edentulous patients (15 male, 13 female) were enrolled and randomly divided into two equal groups. Group I (control group) received single implant- retained MOD fabricated from conventional PMMA and group II received a single implant- retained MOD fabricated from thermoplastic PMMA acrylic resin. Patients’ muscle activity was evaluated at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12 months using EMG. The survival rate of MOD was evaluated by recording the incidence of mid-line fractures. Results: There was a significant improvement in the EMG activity of the masseter and temporalis muscle of the thermoplastic PMMA group in all the follow-up periods. There was a non-statistically significant difference in the MOD survival between groups. However, the decrease in fracture incidence was clinically significant in the thermoplastic PMMA acrylic MOD group. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it was concluded that the fabrication of single implant-retained MODs from thermoplastic PMMA acrylic resins improves masticatory muscle activity and overdenture survival.
Day-of-the-Week Effect of Exchange Rate in Developing Countries

This study investigates the presence of the day-of-the-week anomaly in exchange rate for 30 developing countries with free floating exchange rate regimes using daily data from January 2, 2011 to December 31, 2019. First, we apply the GARCH panel to estimate the intraday effect for all the sampled countries. Second, we run poolability test to check whether the coefficients of the GARCH panel are the same for all countries sampled. The result of poolability test rejects the homogeneity assumption. This implies that our sample countries contain heterogeneity. Third, we apply mean-group estimation by averaging the coefficients for all individual GARCH estimations. Fourth, we divided our sample of developing countries into three groups based on capital restriction index for the reason that the effect of monetary policy on the exchange rate depends on the degree of capital account liberalization. The empirical evidence for the return equation suggests that Mondays are connected with lower volatility whereas Thursdays experiences higher return compared to Tuesdays. The lowest estimated coefficient for full sample, group 1 and group 2, is Friday, but for group 2 is Thursday. We find similar result for the volatility equations, which show that Monday returns are lower compared to Tuesday.
Effects of rumen-degradable-to-undegradable protein ratio in ruminant diet on in vitro digestibility, rumen fermentation, and microbial protein synthesis

Background and Aim: Feeding ruminants must notice the degradability of feed, especially protein. Microbial rumen requires ammonia from rumen degradable protein (RDP) beside that ruminant require bypass protein or rumen undegradable protein (RUP) and microbial crude protein. The aim of the study was to discover the best RDP:RUP ratio in beef cattle diets commonly used by Indonesian farmers using an in vitro methodology. Materials and Methods: Samples of Pennisetum purpureum, Leucaena leucocephala, Indigofera zollingeriana, cassava, maize, palm kernel cake, rice bran, and tofu waste were formulated into dietary treatments (dry matter [DM] basis). All experiments were carried out using a 3×3×2 factorial, randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of three protein levels (12%, 14%, and 16%), two energy levels (65% and 70%), and three RDP:RUP ratio levels (55:45, 60:40, and 65:35). The experimental diets were incubated in vitro using buffered rumen fluid for 48 h at 39°C. After incubation, the supernatants were analyzed to determine pH, ammonia concentration, total volatile fatty acid (VFA), and microbial protein synthesis. The residues were analyzed to determine DM, organic matter, protein, and RUP digestibility. Results: Increased protein, energy, and RDP levels increased digestibility, ammonia concentrations, total VFAs, and microbial protein synthesis (p<0.05), while rations with 16% protein lowered these parameters (p<0.05). Conclusion: Increased dietary protein (from 12% to 14% DM), energy (from 65% to 70% DM), and RDP (from 55% to 65% crude protein [CP]) levels increased nutrient digestibility, ammonia concentration, total VFA levels, and microbial protein synthesis. The diet containing 14% DM dietary protein and 70% DM energy, which contained 55%, 60%, or 65% CP RDP optimally increased nutrient digestibility, ammonia concentration, total VFA levels, and microbial protein synthesis. Thus, feed based on these RDP:RUP ratios can optimize ruminant productivity.
Chewing gum: post-operative effect on women's recovery and bowel motility following gynecologicabdominal surgery

Background: Ileus commonly happens post abdominal surgery and is associated with complication and may delay recovery. The study is hypothesized that chewing gum decreases postoperative ileus by improving early recovery of gastrointestinal function. Aim: The study aims to investigate the effect of chewing gum on the postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function after gynecological and abdominal surgery. Methods; Design: A quasi-experimental research design. Setting: the study was conducted at the general surgery department, and gynecological department at the university hospital in El Fayoum city. Subjects: a purposive sample of 60 postoperative women. Tools: Data collection tool consists of structured interviewing schedule, post-operative assessment sheet, and patient satisfaction of using gum. Results there was significant difference between two groups according to patient's performance after surgery, also there was significant difference between two groups as regarding vomiting time, abdominal distention and amount of oral fluid intake.Conclusion: the study conclude that chewing gum is an accessible, effortless, safe, harmless, cheap, and effective method in declining ileus and accelerating gastrointestinal recovery after gynecological and abdominal surgery. Recommendations: Chewing sugar-free gum should be added in the protocol of nursing care after gynecological and abdominal surgery in the surgery units.
A prospective study of intrauterine death cases at a tertiary care hospital

As per the WHO Definition, an Infant delivered without signs of life after 20 weeks of gestation or weighing >500 grams when gestational age is not known. Intrauterine death can be due to various causes. It may be fetal causes, maternal causes or placental causes. Fetal causes include congenital malformations; infections due to TORCH, congenital syphilis, parvovirus B-19, rubella, varicella or listeriosis; immune or non-immune hydrops. Placental causes can be placental abruption, placenta previa, cord accidents, chorioamnionitis or twin-twin transfusion syndrome.
CHA2DS2-VASc Score as a Predictor of Thrombus Burden in Patients with Non ST- Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background: CHA2DS2VASc score is a predictive tool that enables estimation the risk of developing ischemic stroke and thrombo-embolism in cardiac patient. Intracoronary thrombus formation due to atherosclerotic plaque rupture and the interruption of coronary blood flow constitute the main pathophysiology underlying acute coronary syndrome Objective: Assessment of the ability of CHA2DS2-VASc score for predicting high intracoronary thrombus and to evaluate the prognostic value of it in assessment of stroke, re-infarction and mortality in patients with NonST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI). Methods: Sixty-six patients were enrolled in our study, divided into 2 groups; Group I (n = 33 patients) represents low thrombus grade, Group II (n = 33 patients) represents high thrombus grade. All patients were subjected to coronary angiography to assess degree of stenosis and coronary flow by thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade score. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of CHA2DS2-VASc in prediction of high thrombus burden were assessed. Results: The mean age for Group I and II was 62.21±9.51 and 66.67±9.14 years respectively. LV average global systolic strain (AGS) was significantly lower in group I and II when compared to group III. Age, Killip class and LA diameters are highly significant predictors for incidence of high CHA2DS2-VASc. The diagnostic accuracy of CHA2DS2-VASc in prediction of high thrombus burden was 83.3% with cut-off value 4. Conclusion: CHA2DS2-VASc score is a good predictor of intracoronary thrombus burden in non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary PCI at a cutoff value equal or more than 4 and also can be a predictor of the outcomes after primary PCI.
An assessment of goat production practices in Jigawa-state Ojo, O. A. and Buba, W. National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services,

This study evaluated the socio-economic characteristics of goat farmers, their production practices and constraints to production in Jigawa State. Respondents for the study were selected using a two-stage sampling technique. Primary data were collected with the aid of well-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that the majority (73.7%) of the producers are males and most (32.4%) were within the age bracket of 26-35 years, many (39.1%) of them had household sizes of (1-5) and majority of the respondents (53.1%) had informal education. Also, the results revealed that the major constraint to goat production in the study location was lack of initial capital (43.0%), followed by disease and parasites (30.7%), then theft and predators (12.8%). This study recommends that goat farmers should come together and form cooperatives; thereby they could have access to soft loans hence improving production, in terms of medication and capital for investment and expansion.
IPad as a New Educational Technology: A Review of the Literature

The investigation of the effectiveness of the iPad in education is still inadequate due to considering the novelty of iPad in education. This fact is occurring even though the increase of studies that addressed the iPad in education during the last ten years. Therefore, this study examines the effectiveness of iPad in education through review literature on iPad in education. After a review of the literature on the iPad, the results were in three aspects: reading, writing, and mathematics. In addition, the studies that addressed the iPad as an educational tool were confirmed of the positive effects of iPad in education. However, there is a lack of studies has addressed the iPad with thinking skills such as creative and critical thinking, additionally, motivation and learning motivation. Furthermore, the current study was recommended to conduct studies that addressed the iPad with thinking aspects with motivation and learning motivation.
Chromosome numbers, evolutionary relationships and divergence among three breeds of giant african land snails in Nigeria

A number of studies have been carried out on the reproductive and growth performance of these breeds of giant African land snails, but not much is documented on chromosome, evolutionary relationships and divergence studies. Forty snails and 10 of each breed of giant African land snails Archachatina marginata (AM), Achatina achatina (AA) and Achatina fulica (AF) and two varieties of A. marginata [A. marginata var. saturalis (AMS) and A. marginata var. ovum (AMO)] were used for the chromosomes numbers analyses. Slides for chromosome identification were prepared using the ovotestes and the cells were examined for spread atmetaphase. The haploid (n) chromosome numbers obtained revealed and confirmed that AF, AA, AMS and AMO snails have 27, 30, 28 and 28 chromosomes respectively. Also 13 amino acid sequences were retrieved from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information with accession numbers: ALD09273, AAY62497, ACA 10148 and AKQ 76237 for AM; AKQ 76253, AKQ 76250, CDL 67813, CDL 67813 and AKQ 76249 for AA and SP/P35903, PDB/5CZL, KZM 80032 and YP009049167 for AF snails. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbour-Joining method. Phylogenetic tree analysis by Neighbour- Joining (NJ) was constructed using 10 out of the 13 amino acid sequences. The reliability of the tree was calculated by boostrap confidence value with 1000 boot strapiterations using MEGA 7 software.The phylogenetic trees showed that these snail breeds are highly divergent. A. achatina was separately related to itself; whereas A. marginata slightly mingled with A. fulica. The degrees of divergence obtained signified that they have evolved from different ancestors. The evolutionary distances were computed with the remaining three amino acid sequences using the Poisson Correction method. Very high and far apart average genetic distances of 0.923±0.018, 0.926±0.018 and 0.926±0.017 were obtained for AA vs AF, AF vs AM and AA vs AM snails respectively, confirming that these snail breeds are genetically far apart between themselves. The results obtained for chromosome numbers, evolutionary relationship and average genetic distances might be apanacea in further selection and molecular classification of giant African land snails (GALS) in Nigeria.
A ten-year comparative study of cardiovascular disease publications, health and socioeconomic indicators between European countries

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, the number of physicians per one million inhabitants, the number of cardiovascular disease (CVD) publications, standardized death rate (SDR) from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and CVD per 100 000 inhabitants per year between European countries. GDP per capita from the Eurostat database served as the socioeconomic indicator, whereas human resources in medicine were reported as the number of physicians per million inhabitants. PubMed was searched for CVD publications published between 2005 and 2014 for each country. The rate per million inhabitants and proportions of CVD publications in the MEDLINE database were calculated. Results showed that although Croatia was the only country with stagnation in GDP per capita and with a lower rate of physicians than Austria (P = 0.007) and the Czech Republic (P = 0.005), Croatia had a lower SDR from IHD and CVD than the European region (P = 0.05, P = 0.021; respectively), and had a continuous decrease in the average annual growth rate of IHD and CVD (-2.36%, -3.81%; respectively). In conclusion our study showed that Croatia, despite being the only country with the stagnation of GDP per capita and a relatively low rate of physicians, had a SDR from IHD and CVD that was lower than in the European region which continuously decreased during the study period.
Analysis of Call Admission Control Schemes for Long Term Evolution Networks

— Network congestion is an issue of great concern to both network providers and users in all wireless communications systems. It adversely affects the Quality of Service (QoS) of the network thereby making the network providers lose some good fortune and leaving the users unsatisfied. This paper proposes to analyze some network congestion control schemes that depend on Call Admission Control (CAC) in Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. The aim is to offer critically analyzed data to network providers in order to properly guide them in determining when and how to allocate the scarce radio resources to different calls. This is in a bid to minimize network congestion and ensure priority of very important calls. This paper adopts an analytical approach in the comparison of high profile CAC schemes and graphically displays the correlation. It uses resource utilization, Call Blocking Probability (CBP), Call Dropping Probability (CDP) and delay as the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to evaluate the performance of each of the schemes under consideration. The analytical results show that for resource utilization, “Call Admission Control for Two-Tier LTE Macro/Pico Cellular Networks” (CACM/P) scheme achieves about 97% utilization, followed by “An Efficient CAC scheme for LTE & LTE-A Networks” (ECAC) with 95%, then “Analytical Modeling of LTE-based Network Capacity for Public Safety Communications” (AM_LTE) with 60% and “Markov Model-based Adaptive CAC Scheme for 3GPP LTE Femtocell Networks” (MMACAC) with only 15% resource utilization. Considering CDP, MMACAC, ECAC, “An Adapt ive Call Ad-mission Control With Bandwidth Reservation for Downlink LTE Net works” (Ad_CAC) and “A reservation -based call admission control scheme and sys-tem modeling in 4G vehicular networks” (R_CAC) have 5%, 25%, 30% and 31% CDPs r espectively. Similarly for CBP, MMCAC, ECAC, R_CAC and Ad_CAC schemes offer 6%, 27%, 45% and 49% CB P respectively. In terms of delay, “Allocation Algorithm based on CAC Scheme for LTE Network” (AA_CAC) offers 13.2%, “Users’ classification -based CAC with adaptive resource reservation for LTE-A networks” (UC_CAC) produces 24.8% and AM_LTE gives 97.8% delay for high priority calls.