Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of home respiratory polygraphy for the diagnosis of sleep apnoea and hypopnoea syndrome

Introduction Home respiratory polygraphy (HRP) may be a cost-effective alternative to polysomnography for the diagnosis of sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS), but stronger evidence is needed. Normally, patients transport HRP equipment from the hospital to home and back, which may create difﬁculties for some patients. Objectives To determine both the diagnostic efﬁcacy and cost of HRP (with and without a transportation service moving the device and telematic transmission of data) in a large sample compared with in-hospital polysomnography. Methods Patients suspected of having SAHS were included in a multicentre study (eight hospitals). They were assigned to home and hospital protocols in random order. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed for manual respiratory polygraphy scoring protocol and different polysomnographic cut-off points. Diagnostic efﬁcacies for several polysomnographic cut-off points were explored and costs for two equally effective alternatives were calculated. Results Of 366 randomised patients, 348 completed the protocol. The best receiver operating characteristic curve was obtained with a polysomnographic cut-off of the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) $ 5. The sensitive HRP AHI cut-off point ( < 5) had a sensitivity of 96%, a speciﬁcity of 57% and a negative likelihood ratio (LR) of 0.07; the speciﬁc cut-off ( > 10) had a sensitivity of 87%, a speciﬁcity of 86% and a positive LR of 6.25. The cost of HRP was half that of polysomnography. Telematic transmission costs were similar if the patients’ costs were taken in to account. Conclusion HRP is an alternative to polysomnography in patients with suspected SAHS. Telematic procedures may help patients with limited mobility and those who live a long way from the sleep centre.
Assemblage of deep-sea sharks on Chatham Rise, New Zealand

– The distribution and abundance of deep-sea sharks on Chatham Rise, New Zealand, are described. Sharks were collected as bycatch in two deep-water trawl fisheries at a total of 390 stations, which ranged in depth from 740 to 1503 m. Sixteen species of shark were caught; Deania calcea, Centroscymnus crepidater, Etmopterus granulosus, and Centroscymnus owstoni accounted for the largest portion of the shark catch. Species that would provide the highest yield of commercially important liver lipids were not abundant in trawls. All sharks combined formed only 4.2% of overall biomass captured in trawls. Depth is a major determinant of the composition of the shark assemblage; both density of sharks (kg/km 2 ) and species diversity were inversely proportional to depth. Distributional patterns of the shark community varied with location on Chatham Rise, and species composition of the shark catch varied with the spe- cies of teleost targeted in deep-water trawls.
The automatic generation of instruction-level error manifestations of hardware faults: a new fault-injection model

A new fault model for processors based on a register-transfer-level (RTL) description is presented. This model addresses time, cost and accuracy limitations imposed by current fault-injection techniques. It is designed to be used with existing software-implemented fault-injection (SWIFI) tools, but the error patterns it generates are designed to be more representative of actual transient hardware faults than the ad-hoc patterns currently injected via SWIFI. The fault model is developed by abstracting the effects of low-level faults to the RTL level. This process attempts to be independent of processor implementation details while obtaining a high coverage and a low overhead. Coverage is the proportion of errors that are generated by gate-level faults that are successfully reproduced by the RTL fault model. Overhead is the proportion of errors that are produced by the RTL fault model but not by gate-level faults. A prototype tool, ASPHALT, is developed to automate the process of generating the error patterns. As a paradigm for future fault-injection studies, the IBM RISC-Oriented Micro-Processor (ROMP) is used as a basis for several experiments. These experiments inject over 1.5 million faults and vary initial machine states, operand values, opcodes, and other parameters. Results show that ASPHALT is capable of producing an average coverage of over 97% with an average overhead of about 20% as compared to a gate-level model of the ROMP. In addition, ASPHALT generated these errors over 500 times faster than the gate-level model. If additional coverage is required, methods are proposed to use a combination of RTL and gate-level simulations. If less coverage is allowed, the RTL fault model can be abbreviated, reducing overhead even more.
Detecting dubious research with SciBERT

Over the past few decades, the rate of scientific publication has increased dramatically. At the same time, the number of retractions and failed replications of studies have also increased [1]. This replication crisis across many scientific disciplines has heightened scrutiny of scientific papers and their reported results [2]. However, the incentive for researchers to pursue replication of prior research is limited and are typically outweighed by the costs. As such, there is a need for computational methods for prioritizing replication efforts on scientific findings that are most dubious (i.e a high estimated probability of retraction) and highest impact (i.e. a large number of citations). The goal of this final project is to address the first desiderata by building a classifier for detecting dubious research articles from their titles and abstracts. Using the PubMed database, I retrieved over 10,000 titles and abstracts of retracted scientific papers along with matched negative controls. I finetuned a SciBERT model [3] to classify retracted papers from negative controls with only the titles or abstracts. Under finetuning with frozen SciBERT weights, these models outperformed a benchmark random forest classifier model trained on token frequency vectors. In combination with other metrics such as the number of citations, these models may be useful in prioritizing certain research articles to be investigated more thoroughly via replication efforts, which would be beneficial for the entire scientific ecosystem.
Spatial variation in epibiont communities on the shells of Patella vulgata along an estuarine gradient

In space limited intertidal habitats, non-specific substratum generalists can be observed to increase their survival and settlement opportunities by growing upon other living organisms. To date, few studies have assessed the influence of multiple environmental factors in determining patterns of epibiont diversity and community structure upon gastropod shells, across spatial scales. This study investigated the significance of surface salinity range, wave exposure and shell metrics in determining the composition and diversity of epibionts found upon shells of Patella vulgata (Common Limpet), throughout the Plymouth Sound and lower reaches of the Tamar Estuary, United Kingdom (UK). A total of 292 shells were sampled, identifying 26 epibiont species amongst 9 phyla. Species richness and diversity (H’) were greatest upon shells at exposed marine sites (where salinity variation was lower), decreasing as surface salinity range increased towards the Lynher River. Multivariate analysis revealed epibiont community composition to differ significantly between sites, being influenced mainly by surface salinity range and, to a lesser extent, wave exposure. Species contributing to community dissimilarities were identified to reflect the dominant species between sites, with observed community shifts attributed mainly to a species physiological tolerance to environmental conditions. This study is the first to describe epibiont community variation upon shells of P. vulgata along an estuarine-exposure gradient in the UK. Although salinity variation and wave exposure explained most of the observed community composition patterns, further investigation including exploration of additional environmental factors, is required to fully explain the distribution and diversity patterns of epibionts upon shells of P. vulgata.
The effects of institutional burdens on the entrepreneurship dichotomy

This study analyzes the entrepreneur reasons to create firms in a necessity/opportunity profile. The objective was to detail the effects of regulatory, normative and cognitive burdens on entrepreneurs’ behavior. The entrepreneur ecosystem combines economic and social conditions where entrepreneurs display their business activities. The study was transversal, probabilistic and explicative. The survey measured the institutional burdens and the entrepreneur profile (necessity vs opportunity). The sample tested was of 250 firms from Aguascalientes. The statistical method was linear regression. The results show that normative burdens are more significant to entrepreneurship figure when the firm was crea ted by an opportunity business. The regulatory burden was highly variable in both sides (necessity vs opportunity profile). This social perspective causes institutional arrangements that has effects on environemental trust, business opportunities could be seized by entrepreneurial skills developed with institutional forces based on legal protection and certainty. procedure to obtain the variability of the estimated parameters. The results illustrate the correlations of the reflective constructs below 0.9, which signify an adequate discriminant validity (Gold & Arvind Malhotra, 2001; Henseler et al ., 2015; Teo, Srivastava, & Jiang, 2008). Similarly, the Fornell-Larcker (1981) criterion was calculated, concluding that the value is above the correlation. The cross-loadings analysis illustrates the discrimination of the indicators since they are associated with the highest factorial load of the corresponding construct (Chin, 1998)(see Table 3).
Speech Perception of Global Acoustic Structure in Children with Speech Delay, with and Without Dyslexia

Speech Perception of Global Acoustic Structure in Children with Speech Delay, with and Without Dyslexia Mikayla Nicole Madsen Department of Communication Disorders, BYU Master of Science Children with speech delay (SD) have underlying deficits in speech perception that may be related to reading skill. Children with SD and children with dyslexia have previously shown deficits for distinct perceptual characteristics, including segmental acoustic structure and global acoustic structure. In this study, 35 children (ages 7-9 years) with SD, SD + dyslexia, and/or typically developing were presented with a vocoded speech recognition task to investigate their perception of global acoustic speech structure. Findings revealed no differences in vocoded speech recognition between groups, regardless of SD or dyslexia status. These findings suggest that in children with SD, co-occurring dyslexia does not appear to influence speech perception of global acoustic structure. We discuss these findings in the context of previous research literature and also discuss limitations of the current study and future directions for follow-up investigations.
Food habits of the sandbar shark Carcharhinus plumbeus off the U.S. northeast coast, with estimates of daily ration*

-Food habits data from 415 sandbar sharks collected in the area between Cap.e and Bank (Great nell were examined. Mean fork length (FL) and body weight <. BW) were 55.0 cm and 1.72 kg for pups, 123.0 cm and 23.0kg for juveniles, and 166.0cm and 52.3kg for adults. Of all juvenile and adult stomachs, 49% contained prey, primarily fish (teleosts and skates). Of stomachs from pups, 80% held food remains consisting almost exclusively of soft blue crabs. The mean percentage of stomach content volume to BW is 1.16 for pups. and 0.42 for juveniles and adults. Daily ration estimates as percentage of mean BW are 1,43 for pups, and 0.86 for juveniles and adults. Annual food consumption is estimated to be 5.1 times the mean BW for pups, and 3.1 times for juve niles and adults.
Effects of Graded Concrete on Compressive Strengths

Concrete is a favoured building material due to its ease of production and use. Even though the concrete mix is designed to have a uniform strength throughout the entire member, casting, as well as the basic characteristics of the concrete materials, could yield a non-homogeneous constitution, resulting in a concrete strength gradation as a function of the depth of the member. A functionally continuous and smooth strength gradation of the concrete member along its axis or section is defined as graded concrete. The objective of this research is to analyse the influence of two different concrete compressive strengths that composed the graded concrete member. The study is split into two parts: the experimental work describing and identifying the mechanical properties of functionally graded concrete and the finite element analysis implementing these property variations in a model. The results showed that the concrete gradation influenced the ultimate strength of a member negatively and altered the stress distribution and displacement response of the specimen.
Numerical modelling of pipelines with air pockets and air valves

This work considers the behaviour of air inside pipes when the air is expelled through air valves. Generally, the air shows isothermal behaviour. Nevertheless, when the transient is very fast, it shows adiabatic behaviour. In a real installation, an intermediate evolution between these two extreme conditions occurs. Thus, it is verified that the results vary significantly depending on the hypothesis adopted. To determine the pressure of the air pocket, the most unfavourable hypothesis (isothermal behaviour) is typically adopted. Nevertheless, from the perspective of the water hammer that takes place when the water column arrives at the air valve and abruptly closes, the most unfavourable hypothesis is the opposite (adiabatic behaviour). In this case, the residual velocity with which the water arrives at the air valve is higher, and, consequently, the water hammer generated is greater.
Short-term retention of coded wire and internal anchor tags in juvenile common snook, Centropomus undecimalis

anchor-external streamer tags with diskor T-style anchors was evaluated in snook 110-180 mm SL for 30 days after tagging. The major differences between the two types of internal anchor tags were the shape of the anchor and the size of incision needed to apply the tags, either of which could affect retention or mortality. This study provides baseline information on tag retention rates in common snook that can be used to interpret catch records correctly and to evaluate common snook stocking programs.
Modelling Tools and Simulation Platforms for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

Recent developments in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) lead to the concept of eco-driving support systems, which assist drivers in controlling vehicles in a sustainable way by reducing fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. In this thesis, an algorithm for an ecological Adaptive Cruise Control (ecoACC) system is designated. In order to test the system in MIL (Model in the Loop) and DIL (Driver In the Loop) environments, an important task is the specification of a fuel consumption model. In the first part of the thesis an overview is presented about fuel consumption models and several eco-devices developed by different authors. In the second part of the thesis an experimental campaign (with a sample of 100 drivers) is carried out in order to specify and validate the model. The survey is supported by the DRIVEIN2 (DRIVEr monitoring: technologies, methodologies, and IN-Vehicle Innovative systems) project. As the major data are collected using the OBD-II port of the vehicle, and in particular the data related the instantaneous fuel consumption, a validation of the former data is carried out in collaboration with the CNR (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – Istituto motori). To carry out a more realistic simulation a vehicle dynamics model was coupled with the ADAS model. The purpose of the implemented vehicle dynamics model is to simulate, in real time, the vehicle’s dynamic behaviour, thanks to continuous integration of the balance equations regulating the longitudinal and lateral vehicle motion. Furthermore, a model able to provide an estimation of real-time fuel consumption of the vehicle is developed: such a model is embedded in the vehicle model discussed in the following, in order to optimize consumption performance during driving task. The implemented system is a next-generation eco-drive system, in the sense that it is able to observe the driver's behaviour and the current fuel consumption, as well as to simulate the fuel consumption in the same traffic conditions and stimuli the driver is subject to, and finally to compare the actual fuel consumption with this of an eco driver. In this way the system gives a reward to the driver if his/her fuel consumption is lower than those of the eco driver, vice versa the system indicates the possibility to improve his/her driving style.
How Many Ways Can You Vocalize Emotion? Introducing an Audio Corpus of Acted Emotion

How Many Ways Can You Vocalize Emotion? Introducing an Audio Corpus of Acted Emotion Logan Ricks Kowallis Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University Doctor of Philosophy Emotion recognition from facial expressions has been thoroughly explored and explained through decades of research, but emotion recognition from vocal expressions has yet to be fully explained. This project builds on previous experimental approaches to create a large audio corpus of acted vocal emotion. With a large enough sample size, both in number of speakers and number of recordings per speaker, new hypotheses can be explored for differentiating emotions. Recordings from 131 subjects were collected and made available in an online corpus under a Creative Commons license. Thirteen acoustic features from 120 subjects were used as dependent variables in a MANOVA model to differentiate emotions. As a comparison, a simple neural network model was evaluated for its predictive power. Additional recordings intended to exhaust possible ways to express emotion are also explored. This new corpus matches some features found in previous studies for each of the four emotions included (anger, fear, happiness, and sadness).
Existence of α L -Fuzzy Fixed Points of L- Fuzzy Mappings

In this research article, ﬁxed point theory is beautifully combined with fuzzy set theory. Two fuzzy ﬁxed point theorems of L- fuzzy mappings are established and proved for two diﬀerent contractive type conditions in the scenario of complete b-metric space. In order to give the strength of these results, nontrivial supportive examples for both results are also provided. The notion of L- fuzzy mappings is a generalized form of fuzzy mappings as well as multivalued mappings. In this approach, our results provide uniqueness, extension, and successive generalizations of many valuable recent and conventional results existing in the literature.
Do immigrants take or create natives' jobs? Evidence of Venezuelan immigration in Peru

Peru is the second largest host nation of Venezuelan migrants. This paper combines newly available data on Venezuelans residing in Peru and the Peruvian Household Survey to assess the impact of migration on natives’ labor market outcomes. We ﬁrst rely upon education-experience groups to deﬁne labor markets and ﬁnd that immigration does not aﬀect the wages of competing native workers. We then slice the labor market into occupations based on the observation that in Peru, immigrants and natives with similar education and experience are likely to work in diﬀerent occupations. Our instrumental variable estimates conﬁrm the null eﬀect on wages. We ﬁnally examine whether natives respond with changes in employment and ﬁnd that 10 Venezuelan workers create informal employment for 38 Peruvians and displace 13 Peruvians from formal jobs, suggesting a change in the Peruvian employment composition toward informality.
Chemical and Pyrolytic Thermogravimetric Characterization of Nigerian Bituminous Coals

Abstract The discovery of new coal deposits in Nigeria presents solutions for nation’s energy crises and prospects for socioeconomic growth and sustainable development. Furthermore, the quest for sustainable energy to limit global warming, climate change, and environmental degradation has necessitated the exploration of alternatives using cleaner technologies such as coal pyrolysis. However, a lack of comprehensive data on physico-chemical and thermal properties of Nigerian coals has greatly limited their utilization. Therefore, the physico-chemical properties, rank (classification), and thermal decomposition profiles of two Nigerian bituminous coals – Afuze (AFZ) and Shankodi-Jangwa (SKJ) – were examined in this study. The results indicate that the coals contain high proportions of C, H, N, S, O and a sufficiently high heating value (HHV) for energy conversion. The coal classification revealed that the Afuze (AFZ) coal possesses a higher rank, maturity, and coal properties compared to the Shankodi-Jangwa (SKJ) coal. A thermal analysis demonstrated that coal pyrolysis in both cases occurred in three stages; drying (30-200 °C), devolatilization (200-600 °C), and char decomposition (600-1000 °C). The results also indicated that pyrolysis at 1000 °C is not sufficient for complete pyrolysis. In general, the thermochemical and pyrolytic fuel properties indicate that the coal from both places can potentially be utilized for future clean energy applications.
Biology and population characteristics of Squalus mitsukurii from a seamount in the central North Pacific Ocean

-Little information exists on the biology of the Re cently, large numbers of this spe cies were taken incidentally during research surveys conducted at Southeast Hancock Seamount in the central North Pacific Ocean. The information collected during 1985 to 1988 from these surveys is used to describe the life history, depth distribution, and biology of S. mitsukurii. Bathymetric distributional pat terns offemale and male S. mitsu kurii differed slightly, although bottom longline catches revealed a depth distribution extending from the summit (260 m) to 740 m for both sexes. Males generally were found deeper than females. In ad dition, the size of males generally increased with depth whereas no apparent trend was observed for females.Reproductive parameters for both sexes are presented. Males tended to reach maturity at smaller sizes than did females. Gravid fe males had broods ofup to six uter ine embryos. Length ofyoung close to parturition was 21-26 em. Tentative estimates of age and growth were made from dorsal spine increment counts. Maximum ages were 27 years for females and 18 years for males. Females exhib ited more rapid growth than males after about age 9.
A simple generalized model of allometry, with examples of length and weight relationships for 14 species of groundfish

Given information on how XI and X9 vary, one can develop Equations 2-and 3. X 9 may closely follow a normal distribution for metabolic rate of animals scaled to body size (Peters, 1983), being strongly negatively correlated with XI for lengthweight relationships in fish (e.g. Caillouet, 1993). We will assume below that XI and X2 follow a joint normal distribution. i.e. (XI .X2 ) N (J.lI,J.l2;O} ,O"~;p) with mean fli' and variance O"~ of Xi' and correlation coefficient p. Under general conditions, the sum (or average) of a number of random variables is approximately normally distributed, and such approximation can be quite good even if that number is relatively small. The above assump-