Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of pultruded carbon fiber / epoxy inserts as reinforcement in composite structures

As polymer matrix composite based structures such as wind turbine blades get larger in span, the required stiffness is usually supplied by the increasing thickness. The fabrication of current composite thicknesses is expensive in terms of labor, mechanical components and fabrication time. The problems are compounded for very long spans. Thermosetting resins are injected into these fiber pre-forms under very high pressures so the resin can completely encase the fibers before the resin hardens. These pressures can induce waviness into the fibers that significantly reduces the critical compression properties of these large composites. Pultruded composites are a possible solution to boost the compression properties and enable thinner, more optimized blade designs. The nature of the pultrusion process creates a highly aligned and evenly spaced fiber microstructure that is difficult to move under resin infusion pressures. The issue of efficient load transfer between the pultrusion surface and a secondary resin used to bind the pultrusion in a larger composite structure is the primary focus of this study. The pultrusion surfaces were modified by abrasion, erosion, and wet chemical oxidation techniques. The interfaces of the rods after treatment were tested in two methods. First, the pullout test consisting of pulling a pultruded rod out of block of epoxy was tried. Second, a pushout test consisting of pushing out a center rod in a representative volume element of a pultruded rod based structure was used. The effectiveness measure of the surface treatments was interface shear strength The results of the interface tests indicate that erosion surface treatments enable the largest increases in interface shear strength. Chemical surface oxidation had the lowest shear strengths, less than the untreated rod coupons. Pultruded carbon fiber composites have potential as supplemental reinforcement in larger composite structures. Erosion surface treatments are concluded to be the best at short term interface shear strength boosting, however the untreated rod performed adequately with having surface damage inflicted. Chemical oxidation has the promise of enabling long term interface strength and stablility through carbon fiber energization.
Association between the apoptotic effect of Cabazitaxel and its pro-oxidant efficacy on the redox adaptation mechanisms in prostate cancer cells with different resistance phenotypes

ABSTRACT Redox adaptation causes poor prognosis by adapting cancer cells to excessive oxidative stress. Previously, we introduced an oxidative stress-resistant metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) model (LNCaP-HPR) that redox adaptation reduced the effect of Cabazitaxel (Cab), the last taxane-derivative for metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC). Whereas, we investigated for the first time whether there is an association between the altered apoptotic effect and pro-oxidant efficacy of Cab on the redox adaptation in PC cells with different phenotypes, including LNCaP mPC, LNCaP-HPR, C4–2 mCRPC, and RWPE-1 cells. Cab was shown pro-oxidant efficacy proportionally with the apoptotic effect, more prominent in the less aggressive LNCaP cells, by increasing the endogenous ROS, mitochondrial damage, and inhibiting nuclear ROS scavengers, p-Nrf2 and HIF-1α. However, the pro-oxidant and apoptotic effect was lower in the LNCaP-HPR and C4–2 cells, indicating that the drug sensitivity of the cells adapted to survive with more ROS was reduced via altered regulation of redox adaptation. Additionally, unlike LNCaP, Cab caused an increase in the p-NF-κB activation, suggesting that the p-NF-κB might accompany maintaining survival with the increased ROS in the aggressive PC cells. Moreover, the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Cab were less on RWPE-1 cells compared to LNCaP but were closer to those on the more aggressive LNCaP-HPR and C4–2 cells, except for the changing pro-oxidant effect of Cab. Consequently, this study indicates the variable pro-oxidant effects of Cab on redox-sensitive proteins, which could be a target for improving Cab’s apoptotic effect more in aggressive PC cells.
Field Observations of Alongshore Runup Variability Under Dissipative Conditions in the Presence of a Shoreline Sandwave

Video measurements of runup were collected at low tide along several profiles covering an alongshore distance of 500 m. The morphology displayed a complex shape with a shoreline sandwave in the lower beach face of about 250 m long mirrored in the inner sandbar. Wave conditions were stationary and moderate (offshore height of 2 m and peak period of nearly 13 s) but yet dissipative. Runup energy was dominated by infragravity frequencies. Alongshore variations in runup (by a factor up to 3) observed both in the incident and infragravity bands were much higher than reported previously (e.g., Guedes et al., 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2012.08.022; Ruggiero et al., 2004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JC002160) while the alongshore variations in other environmental parameters (e.g., foreshore beach slope) appear to bemuch lower. Our data suggest that the beach morphology in the inner surf zone plays a crucial role by inducing rapid and significant modification in the incident wave pattern and the alongshore coherence length scales were consistent with the typical alongshore length scale of the morphology. Plain Language Summary The topic of this work is to present new field data focusing an alongshore variation of the runup. The runup is the time-varying position of the water’s edge on the foreshore of the beach. This parameter is crucial in better forecasting coastal hazards (e.g., coastal flooding and erosion) and coastal structure defense design.
Does organophosphorus poisoning increase the risk of staphylococcal ventilator associated pneumonia? - a retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine the clinical predictors of staphylococcal ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and to compare the outcomes of staphylococcal VAP with non-staphylococcal VAP. METHODOLOGY A retrospective observational study was conducted among adult patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) in a tertiary care hospital in India from January 2017 to December 2019. The patients were grouped based on their diagnosis into staphylococcal and non-staphylococcal VAP, and the baseline characteristics, clinical parameters, co-morbidities, and outcome parameters were compared. RESULTS Out of 2129 MICU admissions, 456 patients with microbiologically confirmed VAP were included, of which 69 (15.1%) had staphylococcal VAP, and the remaining 387 (84.9%) had non-staphylococcal VAP. Organophosphorus (OP) poisoning was identified as an independent predictor of staphylococcal VAP (odds ratio: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.4 to 4.73). The median duration of mechanical ventilation before VAP diagnosis was less in the staphylococcal VAP group (4 vs. 5 days; p = 0.004). The staphylococcal group also showed a better in-hospital outcome. CONCLUSIONS OP poisoning was an independent predictor of staphylococcal VAP. Staphylococcal VAP was diagnosed earlier in patients than non-staphylococcal VAP. Screening for nasal carriage for Staphylococcus, especially in patients with OP poisoning at the time of MICU admission, may help guide antibiotic therapy.
Do Tourist ExpendituresMatter forGrowth in Botswana? A Vector Auto Regression Approach

The study examines the role of tourismas a potential driver of economic growth in a middle-income economy. Specifically, the study analyzes the short run relationship between economic growth and tourist expenditures using annual time series data from 1980 to 2015. The study is motivated by the fact that tourism is being given priority in devising strategies for rural and national development. Botswana has enjoyed economic growth since independence at an annual average of 9 n, which is considered one of the fastest in the world. Though mining revenues have been given the credit for the development of the economy, it is also important to realize the contribution of other important sectors like tourism in the context of an emerging economy. Using the vector auto regression approach, the study supports unidirectional causality moving from tourist expenditures to growth. Findings show that growth responds immediately to shocks in tourist expenditures up to six periods. However, tourism expenditures are not a key driver of growth and their effect on growth face diminishing returns. Demand side policies should focus on reducing inflationary pressures, which improves demand for products by tourists and increases growth. Supply side policies should focus on providing adequate finances to tour operators and tax incentives. These can improve the level of innovation and infrastructure development that are important in extending the impact of tourist expenditure on growth beyond six periods. They will also improve the contribution by fdi inflows in improving tourist expenditures.
Evaluation of In-situ Moisture Conservation Practices for Sustainable Productivity of Major Crops in Vidarbha Region

The success of dryland farming mainly depends on the evenly distributed rainfall during crop growing period. The root zone soil moisture is utilized for transpiration, when the rainfall becomes insufficient to meet the potential needs to transpiration. This causes depletion in soil moisture storage and a situation which may be designated as agricultural drought. Even after achieving the full irrigation potential, nearly 50% of the net cultivated dryland area will remain dependent on rainfall. In terms of crop groups, 77% of pulses, 66% of oilseeds and 45% of cereals are grown under rainfed conditions. Therefore, a breakthrough in rainfed agriculture is an imperative for poverty alleviation, livelihood promotion and food security in India (Abrol, 2011). The most effective form of erosion control or prevention is to practice good land management techniques. Approaches to protect the top soil from splash effects of rainfall and sheet flow are best centered on good in-situ conservation practices (C. George Thomas, 2010). For any form of land use to be sustainable, production must be combined with conservation of resources. In Vidarbha region, about 89% land is under International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 10 (2017) pp. 261-268 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Behavioral and Brain Functions

Background: The social transmission of food preference paradigm centers on the finding that observers obtain dietary information through olfactory cues on the breath of a demonstrator peer that has ingested a novel substance. This phenomenon plays a role in ethanol acceptability. Historically, studies using this technique have focused on observer animals in order to study the social transmission process. With respect to ethanol, studies of acute intoxication have shown that the pharmacologic properties of ethanol and hematogenic olfaction can influence the subsequent ethanol odor-mediated responses of the intoxicated animals. These acute studies, however, demonstrate odor aversion. The present study compared the effect of adolescent ethanol exposure, via the social transmission paradigm, on the behavioral response to ethanol odor in both observer and demonstrator animals in adolescence (postnatal day (P) 37) and the persistence of these effects into adulthood (P90). Methods: Beginning on P29, naïve rats received four ethanol or water exposures: one every 48 hours through either direct intragastric infusion or social interaction with an infused peer. The reflexive sniffing response of observers and demonstrators to ethanol odor was tested at P37 or P90 using whole-body plethysmography. Results: The behavioral response of adolescent ethanol observers and demonstrators significantly differed between themselves and from their respective water controls. Ethanol and water observers both displayed a greater response to ethanol odor than their respective demonstrator counterparts. Compared to controls, both modes of ethanol exposure produced similar magnitudes of enhancement. At P90, both forms of exposure displayed similar responses to ethanol odor and similar magnitudes of enhancement. Only demonstrators displayed equivalent enhanced responses in both sexes. Conclusion: In contrast to previous studies showing odor aversion following acute ethanol intoxication, within the context of the social transmission paradigm, adolescent demonstrators like observers showed an enhanced behavioral response to ethanol odor. The differential enhanced odor response between observers and demonstrators, despite similar net enhancements relative to controls, suggests the presence of a stress effect from the infusion technique. This finding contrasts previous suggestions that intragastric infusions create minimal stress: an important consideration when conducting ethanol research. This stress effect appears to ameliorate by adulthood. Published: 4 June 2009 Behavioral and Brain Functions 2009, 5:23 doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-23 Received: 12 March 2009 Accepted: 4 June 2009 This article is available from: http://www.behavioralandbrainfunctions. com/content/5/1/23 © 2009 Eade and Youngentob; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Behavioral and Brain Functions

Background: Cognitive function might be affected by the subjects' emotional reactivity. We assessed whether behavior in different tests of emotional reactivity is correlated with performance in aversively motivated learning tasks, using four strains of rats generally considered to have a different emotional reactivity. Methods: The performance of male Brown Norway, Lewis, Fischer 344, and Wistar Kyoto rats in open field (OF), elevated plus-maze (EPM), and circular light-dark preference box (cLDB) tasks, which are believed to provide measures of emotional reactivity, was evaluated. Spatial working and reference memory were assessed in two aversively motivated learning and memory tasks: the standard and the "repeated acquisition" versions of the Morris water maze escape task, respectively. All rats were also tested in a passive avoidance task. At the end of the study, levels of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and 5-HT turnover in the hippocampus and frontal cortex were determined. Results: Strain differences showed a complex pattern across behavioral tests and serotonergic measures. Fischer 344 rats had the poorest performance in both versions of the Morris water escape task, whereas Brown Norway rats performed these tasks very well but the passive avoidance task poorly. Neither correlation analysis nor principal component analysis provided convincing support for the notion that OF, EPM, and cLDB tasks measure the same underlying trait. Conclusions: Our findings do not support the hypothesis that the level of emotional reactivity modulates cognitive performance in aversively motivated tasks. Concepts such as "emotional reactivity" and "learning and memory" cannot adequately be tapped with only one behavioral test. Our results emphasize the need for multiple testing. Published: 15 December 2009 Behavioral and Brain Functions 2009, 5:50 doi:10.1186/1744-9081-5-50 Received: 3 August 2009 Accepted: 15 December 2009 This article is available from: http://www.behavioralandbrainfunctions. com/content/5/1/50 © 2009 van der Staay et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Occupational Exposure of Train Drivers to Static and Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields in Tehran Subway

Background: Electrification of transport systems currently deserves top priority in Iran. Such systems generate a magnetic field in static or extremely low frequency ranges. Therefore, train drivers may be exposed to these fields occupationally. Objectives: The current study aimed to measure the intensity of static magnetic field (SMF) and extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) in the subway trains of Tehran City in different train types and situations to show drivers’ exposure to SMF and ELF-MF. Methods: Two AC and DC trains were randomly selected from lines 1 and 2, one AC train from line 4, and two ACi trains from line 5. The SMF and ELF-MF levels were measured based on BS EN 50500:2008 and recommendations in other studies using TES-1394 (ELF-MF meter) and HI-3550 (SMF meter). Ceiling values of ELF-MF and SMF were used for assessment of train driver’s exposure. One-way ANOVA, with Tukey post hoc test, and independent sample T-test were used for data analysis. Results: Maximum SMF and ELF-MF exposures were 0.52 mT (at DC trains- in trip situation) and 7.90 µT (at ACi trains- in trip situation), respectively, and the minimum exposures to SMF and ELF-MF were measured among the drivers of ACi (< 0.1 mT- in all situations) and AC trains (0.08 µT- in acceleration situation), respectively. Conclusions: As the obtained results suggest, in none of the situations, exposure of train drivers to ELF-MF and SMF exceeded the threshold limits recommended by ACGIH. However, the effects of these fields should not be ignored because different studies have reported adverse health consequences of these fields.
ASSOCIATION OF STATE-WISE FOOD SECURITY INDEX WITH CLIMATIC FACTORS IN INDIA: EVIDENCE FROM STATE-WISE PANEL DATA

This study generates state-wise food security index (FSI) utilizing using components related to food availability, food stability and food accessibility, thereupon it analyze the influence of climate change on FSI which is used as proxy for food security employing linear, non-linear and log-linear regression models. It complied state-wise panel (during 1985-2009) of selected 13 Indian states. Descriptive results imply that Punjab and Haryana are found most food secure state among all the 13 large agrarian states. Poverty is being the most detrimental factor to achieving food security, and poverty is directly linked with food insecurity in most states. Empirical results show that climatic factors during Kharif and Rabi seasons have a statistically significant influence on FSI. It observes the climate change may increase more food inequalities in India. There is needed to adopt policies to control high population growth, rapid urbanization and overexploitation of natural resource to sustain food security in India. There is also essential to increase irrigation facilities, infrastructure (transport) development, and adoption of modern technology in cultivation. India can maintain food security through increasing food-grain yield, cropping intensity, create more employment opportunities for population to increase their accessibility power to acquire food, provide credit facilities to farmers.
Effect of Peri‐urban Development and Lithology on Streamflow in a Mediterranean Catchment

Predicting the impact of urbanization on the hydrology of peri‐urban catchments remains a challenge. Using data from nine streamflow gauges installed in a small Portuguese catchment, this study investigates the streamflow responses over a 3‐year period. The catchment comprises unique nested sub‐catchments, characterized by varying proportions of non‐urban land‐use (17–97%) and impermeable surfaces (6–36%), distances between the urban areas and the stream network and storm drainage systems (piped versus dispersed) and overlying distinct lithologies consisting of sandstone and limestone.
of Geophysical Research : Earth Surface Quasi-Static Granular Flow of Ice Mélange

We use Landsat 8 imagery to generate ice mélange velocity fields at Greenland’s three most productive outlet glaciers: Jakobshavn Isbræ, Helheim Glacier, and Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier. Winter velocity fields are generally steady and highly uniform. Summer velocity fields, on the other hand, tend to be much more variable and can be uniform, compressional, or extensional. We rarely observe compressional flow at Jakobshavn Isbræ or extensional flow at Helheim Glacier, while both are observed at Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier. Transverse velocity profiles from all three locations are suggestive of viscoplastic flow, in which deformation occurs primarily in shear zones along the fjord walls. We analyze the transverse profiles in the context of quasi-static flow using continuum rheologies for granular materials and find that the force per unit width that ice mélange exerts on glacier termini increases exponentially with the ice mélange length-to-width ratio and the effective coefficient of friction. Our estimates of ice mélange resistance are consistent with other independent estimates and suggest that ice mélange may be capable of inhibiting iceberg calving events, especially during winter. Moreover, our results provide geophysical-scale support for constitutive relationships for granular materials and suggest a potential avenue for modeling ice mélange dynamics with continuum models.
Analyzing the Role of Part-of-Speech in Code-Switching: A Corpus-Based Study

Code-switching (CS) is a common linguistic phenomenon wherein speakers fluidly transition between languages in conversation. While the cognitive processes driving CS remain a complex domain, earlier investigations have shed light on its multifaceted triggers. This study delves into the influence of Part-of-Speech (POS) on the propensity of bilinguals to engage in CS, employing a comprehensive analysis of Spanish-English and Mandarin-English corpora. Compared with prior research, our findings not only affirm the existence of a statistically significant connection between POS and the likelihood of CS across language pairs, but notably find this relationship exhibits its maximum strength in proximity to CS instances, progressively diminishing as tokens distance themselves from these CS points.
When is a Metaphor Actually Novel? Annotating Metaphor Novelty in the Context of Automatic Metaphor Detection

We present an in-depth analysis of metaphor novelty, a relatively overlooked phenomenon in NLP. Novel metaphors have been analyzed via scores derived from crowdsourcing in NLP, while in theoretical work they are often defined by comparison to senses in dictionary entries. We reannotate metaphorically used words in the large VU Amsterdam Metaphor Corpus based on whether their metaphoric meaning is present in the dictionary. Based on this, we find that perceived metaphor novelty often clash with the dictionary based definition. We use the new labels to evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art language models for automatic metaphor detection and notice that novel metaphors according to our dictionary-based definition are easier to identify than novel metaphors according to crowd-sourced novelty scores. In a subsequent analysis, we study the correlation between high novelty scores and word frequencies in the pretraining and finetuning corpora, as well as potential problems with rare words for pre-trained language models. In line with previous works, we find a negative correlation between word frequency in the training data and novelty scores and we link these aspects to problems with the tokenization of BERT and RoBERTa.