Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of a cluster-randomized control trial manipulating exercise goal content and planning on physical activity among low-active adolescents

The purpose of the present two studies was to investigate whether in framing messages that target salient beliefs of youth, the type of goal framed matter to promote physical activity (PA) participation among low-active adolescents (i.e., participating in less than 1 h/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA). More specifically, the main trial (study 2) compared the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic-goal framing messages alongside planning (IMC + P and EMC + P) to a control condition (CC) on low-active adolescents’ physical activity (PA), intention, attitude, and exercise goals, and examined the potential meditational effect of these variables between condition and PA. Low-active students (n = 193; M age = 16.89) from fifteen classes were assigned to one of these three conditions. PA was assessed using an accelerometer, and the socio-cognitive mediators were measured at baseline (i.e., 2 weeks before the intervention) and post-test, and the intention was measured again at follow-up (i.e., 2 weeks after the intervention). Results showed that compared to adolescents in the CC group, those in the experimental conditions did not do more moderate PA, but carried out more light PA, and yielded an increase in attitude and intention. Mediational analysis revealed no significant effect of the potential mediators.
Unobtrusive, natural support control of an adaptive industrial exoskeleton using force myography

Repetitive or tiring tasks and movements during manual work can lead to serious musculoskeletal disorders and, consequently, to monetary damage for both the worker and the employer. Among the most common of these tasks is overhead working while operating a heavy tool, such as drilling, painting, and decorating. In such scenarios, it is desirable to provide adaptive support in order to take some of the load off the shoulder joint as needed. However, even to this day, hardly any viable approaches have been tested, which could enable the user to control such assistive devices naturally and in real time. Here, we present and assess the adaptive Paexo Shoulder exoskeleton, an unobtrusive device explicitly designed for this kind of industrial scenario, which can provide a variable amount of support to the shoulders and arms of a user engaged in overhead work. The adaptive Paexo Shoulder exoskeleton is controlled through machine learning applied to force myography. The controller is able to determine the lifted mass and provide the required support in real time. Twelve subjects joined a user study comparing the Paexo driven through this adaptive control to the Paexo locked in a fixed level of support. The results showed that the machine learning algorithm can successfully adapt the level of assistance to the lifted mass. Specifically, adaptive assistance can sensibly reduce the muscle activity’s sensitivity to the lifted mass, with an observed relative reduction of up to 31% of the muscular activity observed when lifting 2 kg normalized by the baseline when lifting no mass.
Brill Waves

Brill waves are the simplest (non-trivial) solutions to the vacuum constraints of general relativity. They are also rich enough in structure to allow us believe that they capture, at least in part, the generic properties of solutions of the Einstein equations. As such, they deserve the closest attention. This article illustrates this point by showing how Brill waves can be used to investigate the structure of conformal superspace. This article is written as a contribution to the Dieter Brill Festschrift.
A model of surface heat fluxes based on the theory of maximum entropy production

A model of heat fluxes over a dry land surface is proposed based on the theory of maximum entropy production (MEP) as a special case of the maximum entropy principle (MaxEnt). When the turbulent heat transfer in the atmospheric boundary layer is parameterized using a Monin‐Obukhov similarity model, a dissipation function or entropy production function may be expressed in terms of the heat fluxes following the MEP formalism. A solution of the heat fluxes can be obtained by finding the extreme of the dissipation function under the constraint of conservation of energy for a given energy input (i.e., net radiation) at the surface. The MEP solution of the surface heat fluxes is tested using observations from fields experiments.
Automatic classification of histology images into normal/cancer class with pre-trained CNN

Deep-Learning-Scheme (DLS) based medical data assessment has been widely employed in recent years due to its improved accuracy. Our goal is to study the performance of the pre-trained DLS on RGB-scale breast-histology images. The implemented idea holds these phases; (i) Data collection, pre-processing and resizing, (ii) Training the DLS with chosen test-pictures, (iii) Testing and validating the performance of the DLS with 5-fold cross-validation. This investigation considered the breast-histology pictures for the study and binary classification is employed to achieve Normal/Cancer class grouping of images. The proposed work compared the classification performance of AlexNet, VGG16 and VGG19.The experimental outcome of this study authenticates that the AlexNet with the Random-Forest (RF) classifier helps to get a higher classification accuracy (>87%) compared to VGG16 and VGG19.
Two energy scales in the spin excitations of the high- superconductor

B. Vignolle, S.M. Hayden, D.F. McMorrow, 3 H.M. Rønnow, B. Lake, C.D. Frost, and T.G. Perring H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Ave., Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH-Zürich and Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland Hahn-Meitner Institut, Berlin D-14109, Germany.
Electrostrictive effect in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-type materials

Abstract Lead magnesium niobate Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) is a relaxor ferroelectric with a disordered perovskite structure. A statistical inhomogeneity in the distribution of Mg2+ and Nb5+ ions in the B-sites of an ABO3 perovskite lattice leads to a wide Curie temperature range in which the crystal exhibits an intimate mixture of paraelectric and ferroelectric microregions. Relaxor-type ferroelectrics such as PMN show somewhat unusual electrostrictive phenomena. Although the polarization-related electrostrictive coefficients Q (defined as x = QP2 ) are one order of magnitude smaller than those of simple perovskite compounds, large electrostrictive strains can be obtained because of their huge dielectric constants. A quadratic relation between the induced elastic strain and the electric polarization holds even below the average Curie temperature. The electrostrictive properties of PMN and related materials are reviewed in this article. Relaxor ferroelectrics are promising transducer materials for use as acti.
Mechanism of incongruent ablation of SrTiO3

At low fluences, the [Sr]/[Ti] ratio of laser deposited SrTiO3 films appears to be a function of the laser fluence. The deviation from stoichiometry is remarkably constant in time. From an analysis of both the composition of the film and the irradiated target, we deduce a volume-diffusion-assisted preferential ablation process. At high fluences (above 1.3 J/cm2), stoichiometric SrTiO3 films are obtained. This is not due to a change in ablation mechanism, but follows from the fact that at 1.3 J/cm2 the calculated diffusion length of Sr within the irradiated target, becomes of the order of the ablation rate per shot.
The Nexus Between Physician-Patient Communication and Health Outcomes: Level of Patient Communication Satisfaction and Its Impact on Adherence in Ethiopian Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals

Introduction This study aims at assessing the level of patient communication satisfaction and its impact on patient adherence among public hospitals in Ethiopia. Methods The study employed a cross-sectional design. Data were obtained using Communication Assessment Tool (CAT) and the Adherence to Refills and Medication Scale (ARMS) administered to 381 patients asking them to evaluate satisfaction with physician-patient communication and report their level of adherence respectively. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were computed. Accordingly, the study used correlation, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression to show causal relationships among factors in physician-patient communication and their effect on adherence. Results The findings revealed that the total mean score for communication satisfaction was M = 2.69, showing that the majority of participants were dissatisfied with the physician-patient communication. Further, age and frequency of visits were significantly associated with communication satisfaction, while sex, place of residence, employment, educational level, and marital status failed to produce a systematic effect. The correlation between patient satisfaction with communication scores on the CAT questionnaire was significantly correlated with pharmaceutical adherence (ARMS score) (r = 0.316, p < 0.001), indicating that when patients were satisfied with communication, the level of adherence increased. The regression coefficient also showed that positive relationship was found between communication satisfaction and adherence (b = 1.85, t = 9.759, p < 0.05), indicating that with better quality of communication, the level of adherence also increased. Conclusion The majority of participants were found to be dissatisfied with the physician-patient communication. The more satisfied the patient is with communication the better their adherence.
Normalization of Neuroinflammation: A New Strategy for Treatment of Persistent Pain and Memory/Emotional Deficits in Chronic Pain

Abstract Chronic pain, which affects around 1/3 of the world population and is often comorbid with memory deficit and mood depression, is a leading source of suffering and disability. Studies in past decades have shown that hyperexcitability of primary sensory neurons resulting from abnormal expression of ion channels and central sensitization mediated pathological synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation in spinal dorsal horn, underlie the persistent pain. The memory/emotional deficits are associated with impaired synaptic connectivity in hippocampus. Dysregulation of numerous endogenous proteins including receptors and intracellular signaling molecules is involved in the pathological processes. However, increasing knowledge contributes little to clinical treatment. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the neuroinflammation, characterized by overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and glial activation, is reliably detected in humans and animals with chronic pain, and is sufficient to induce persistent pain and memory/emotional deficits. The abnormal expression of ion channels and pathological synaptic plasticity in spinal dorsal horn and in hippocampus are resulting from neuroinflammation. The neuroinflammation is initiated and maintained by the interactions of circulating monocytes, glial cells and neurons. Obviously, unlike infectious diseases and cancer, which are caused by pathogens or malignant cells, chronic pain is resulting from alterations of cells and molecules which have numerous physiological functions. Therefore, normalization (counterbalance) but not simple inhibition of the neuroinflammation is the right strategy for treating neuronal disorders. Currently, no such agent is available in clinic. While experimental studies have demonstrated that intracellular Mg2+ deficiency is a common feature of chronic pain in animal models and supplement Mg2+ are capable of normalizing the neuroinflammation, activation of upregulated proteins that promote recovery, such as translocator protein (18k Da) or liver X receptors, has a similar effect. In this article, relevant experimental and clinical evidence is reviewed and discussed.
Resonance for loop homology of spheres

A Riemannian or Finsler metric on a compact manifold M gives rise to a length function on the free loop space \Lambda M, whose critical points are the closed geodesics in the given metric. If X is a homology class on \Lambda M, the minimax critical level cr(X) is a critical value. Let M be a sphere of dimension >2, and fix a metric g and a coefficient field G. We prove that the limit as deg(X) goes to infinity of cr(X)/deg(X) exists. We call this limit the "global mean frequency" of M. As a consequence we derive resonance statements for closed geodesics on spheres; in particular either all homology on \Lambda M of sufficiently high degreee lies hanging on closed geodesics whose mean frequency (average index / length) equals the global mean frequency, or there is a sequence of infinitely many closed geodesics whose mean frequencies converge to the global mean frequency. The proof uses the Chas-Sullivan product and results of Goresky-Hingston [GH].
Antibodies against the flotillin-1/2 complex in patients with multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a tissue-specific autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in which the antigen(s) remains elusive. Antibodies targeting the flotillin-1/2 (FLOT1/2) complex have been described in 1-2% of the patients in a recent study. Other candidate antigens as anoctamin-2 (ANO2) or neurofascin-155 (NF155) have been previously described in MS patients, although their clinical relevance remains uncertain. Our study aims to analyse the frequency and clinical relevance of antibodies against NF155, ANO2 and the FLOT1/2 complex in MS. Serum (n=252) and CSF (n=50) samples from 282 MS patients were included in the study. The control group was composed of 260 serum samples (71 healthy donors and 189 with other neuroinflammatory disorders). Anti-FLOT1/2, anti-ANO2 and anti-NF155 antibodies were tested by cell-based assays using transfected-HEK293 cells. We identified 6 MS patients with antibodies against the FLOT1/2 complex (2.1%) and 1 MS patient with antibodies against ANO2 (0.35%). All MS patients were negative for anti-NF155 antibodies. Three of the anti-FLOT1/2 positive patients showed anti-FLOT1/2 positivity in other serum samples extracted at different moments of their disease. IgG subclasses of anti-FLOT1/2 antibodies were predominantly IgG1 and IgG3. We confirm that antibodies targeting the Flotillin1/2 complex are present in a subgroup of patients with MS. Further studies are needed to understand the clinical and pathological relevance of anti-FLOT1/2 autoantibodies in MS.
Finite elements in electrical and magnetic field problems

whilst both the electrical and mechanical activity of the heart is modelled in the following chapter. The dynamics of blood glucose and its regulating hormones is developed into a new model, building on the many previous attempts in this area. As a contrast, the electrical rythms of the gastro-intestinal tract, which have received little attention to date, are dealt with in chapter six. The lungs, and mechanical properties of the respiratory system, have frequently been modelled, but in this section both mathematical and electronic descriptions are evolved which incorporate adaptive trackers, and results are presented from clinical applications of the techniques. Serious consideration is given to modelling circadian and related biological rhythms, with many of the proposed interconnected oscillator systems discussed, and finally a chapter is devoted to the concept of catastrophe theory applied to psychological modelling, with a detailed analysis of anorexia nervosa, the obsessive fasting by slimmers. Those interested in modelling biological systems will find this book very useful, since the references to each chapter are very thorough: however, the problems with the vast complexity of the human body, and the engineering problems of obtaining measurements, ensure that this is a field just opening up for research. PETER WATTS, Medical Engineering Unit, UMIST.
Is there an association between recurrent spontaneous abortion and mycoplasma infection?

INTRODUCTION Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is an important reproductive health issue with a serious adverse effect on patients and their families worldwide. The present study evaluated the association between mycoplasma infections and RSA in pregnant patients. METHODOLOGY This case-control study included 107 patients with RSA (study group) and 89 normal pregnant women who had planned abortions (control group) between March 2019 and February 2021. Cervical swabs were assessed for the presence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum by Microtiter Plate Hybridization assay. RESULTS A total of 52 (48.6%) patients from the study group and 13 (14.6%) patients from control group were positive for mycoplasmas. The presence of M. hominis (29.9% vs. 9%; p = 0.024), U. urealyticum (18.7% vs. 5.6%; p = 0.015) and the co-infection of M. hominis/U. urealyticum (14% vs. 1%; p = 0.032) were significantly higher in the study group. Multivariate analysis revealed that pelvic pain (Odds Ratio [OR] = 3.42; 95% CI = 0.40-3.65; p = 0.015), dysuria (OR = 4.12; 95% CI = 1.59-8.23; p = 0.021), and urinary tract infection (OR = 3.97; 95% CI = 1.52-4.17; p = 0.032) were independent predictors of RSA. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of M. hominis/U. urealyticum in this study reveals a significant association with RSA. Pelvic pain and Mycoplasma infections are independent predictors of RSA.
Presence of antibodies against HLA class I and class II molecules in children before and after allo‐HSCT. Alloantibodies before and after HSCT

A severe complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is graft failure (GF). Among others, donor‐specific anti‐HLA antibodies (DSA) are associated with graft rejection after allogeneic or haploidentical transplantation in adults. Knowledge of DSA and pediatric recipients is limited. Hence, we aimed to generate more information about the presence of DSA (pre‐ and post‐HSCT) and the clinical outcomes (graft rejection and poor function) in children. We identified DSA in 27% of the patients. We observed a higher frequency (50%) of DSA‐bearing patients with a benign disease diagnosis than those diagnosed with leukemia (16.66%). We observed graft rejection in one patient (with DSA against two alleles of HLA class I molecules) and poor function in three recipients during the first 30 days after HSCT in the absence of DSA. The presence of donor and nondonor HLA‐specific antibodies decreased substantially after transplantation. After the transplant, we identified two patients with DSA specific for HLA class I molecules (independent of clinical relevance), and four recipients showed PGF in the absence of DSA. We were unable to establish any association between the presence of DSA and a clinical outcome: graft failure or prevalence of viral infection.
Psychotropic medication in pregnancy and lactation and early development of exposed children

There is still limited knowledge about alterations of blood concentrations of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy, the transfer of psychotropic drugs into breastmilk and the effects on exposed children. We investigated changes in concentrations of psychopharmacological medication during pregnancy and lactation in serum and breastmilk at different time points in a naturalistic sample of 60 mothers and observed the development of the exposed children in the first 12 months. We found a decrease in serum concentrations from the first to the second trimester of amitriptyline, duloxetine, escitalopram, quetiapine and sertraline. Citalopram stayed rather stable during pregnancy, sertraline levels interestingly increased again from the second to the third trimester. High concentration‐by‐dose ratios in breastmilk were found for venlafaxine as well as lamotrigine, low for quetiapine and clomipramine. Similarly, clomipramine and quetiapine showed low milk/serum–penetration ratios. Regarding the birth outcome measures in children, we found no significant differences between in utero exposed compared to nonexposed newborns. There were no significant differences in the development in the first 12 months. Psychotropic medication in the peripartum needs a balancing of risks and benefits and a continuous therapeutic drug monitoring can be a guidance for clinicians to monitor drug alteration patterns, which are likely to occur due to physiological pregnancy‐associated changes in pharmacokinetics. Accordingly, therapeutic drug monitoring can optimize a medication in pregnancy and lactation with the lowest effective dose.
Hepatocellular Injury in Children Treated for Rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis: Incidence, Etiology and Outcome

Background: Hepatocellular injury has been reported commonly in adults on rifampicin-resistant and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) treatment. However, there are limited data in children. Methods: Two pharmacokinetic studies of children (0–17 years) routinely treated for RR/MDR-TB were conducted in Cape Town, South Africa between October 2011 and February 2020. Hepatocellular injury adverse events (AEs; defined as elevated alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) were documented serially. Data were analyzed to determine the incidence, etiology, risk factors, management and outcome of ALT elevation. Results: A total of 217 children, median age 3.6 years (interquartile range, 1.7–7.1 years) at enrollment were included. The median follow-up time was 14.0 months (interquartile range, 9.8–17.2 months). Fifty-five (25.3%) patients developed an ALT AE. Of these, 43 of 55 (78%) patients had 54 ALT AEs attributed to their RR/MDR-TB treatment. The incidence rate of ALT AEs related to RR-TB treatment was 22.4 per 100 person-years. Positive HIV status and having an elevated ALT at enrollment were associated with time to ALT AE attributed to RR/MDR-TB treatment, with P values 0.0427 and P < 0.0001, respectively. Hepatitis A IgM was positive in 11 of 14 (78.6%) severe (grade ≥3) cases of ALT AEs. In 8 of 14 (57%) severe ALT AEs, hepatotoxic drugs were stopped or temporarily interrupted. None had a fatal or unresolved outcome. Conclusions: Hepatocellular injury in children on RR/MDR-TB treatment is common, although usually mild; having elevated ALT early in treatment and HIV-positive status are possible risk factors. Hepatitis A was a common etiology of severe ALT AE in children treated for RR/MDR-TB.