Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of prevalence of anemia in muslim and non-muslim pregnant women of western rajasthan

This study was undertaken in the Department of Physiology in collaboration with Department of Pathology, Dr.S. N. Medical College and Umaid Hospital, Jodhpur (Western Rajasthan), India during 2005 to 2006 to compare the severity and distribution of anemia among 500 Pregnant Women aged 18 to 35 years in urban and rural sectors of Western Rajasthan & its association with certain economic factors and religion. A multistage random sample design was used for the purpose of detailed study and World Health Organization (W.H.O) classification was used to define anemia. All the women consulting for the first time excluding those with prior pathology or regular use of medicines were included in the study. In this study anemia was highly prevalent 84% (n=500) in Pregnant women. 30-35 years age group women were most affected by anemia. The prevalence of anemia was much more in women belonging to Muslim community (92.3%) as compare to Non-Muslim (81.1%) because of less health awareness, extreme poverty, large family size & overcrowding leading to recurrent infection in this caste resulting into anemia. Multiparous pregnant women were found 100% anemic. We conclude that anemia is a significant problem of women. It needs new programme strategies, particularly those that control the large family size and improve the overall nutrition status of pregnant women. This will require tailored programs across the socio-economic groups and within both rural and urban areas, particularly among the urban and rural muslim . Problem of anemia is not difficult to treat but effort must be made to educate women and enhance their level of economic status and management of anemia must be dependent on the identification of the cause of anemia. All these measures would ensure safe motherhood.
Current status, future opportunities, and remaining challenges in landscape genetics [Chapter 14]

Landscape genetics has advanced the field of evolutionary ecology by providing a direct focus on relationships between landscape patterns and population processes, such as gene flow, selection, and genetic drift. This chapter discusses the current and emerging challenges and opportunities, which focus and facilitate future progress in the field. It presents ten conclusions drawn about the current state-of-the-art in landscape genetics. Landscape genomics is one way to fully grasp the various influences that landscape can have on neutral and adaptive genetic variation. A major challenge in landscape genomics has been differentiating signals of selection as detected by changes in allele frequencies from demographic history. The authors urge researchers in landscape genetics to focus more strongly on developing conceptual and theoretical foundations for landscape genetics, and suggest that synthesizing results provided by existing studies is one way to achieve a more general understanding of landscape influences on genetics.
Giant ants from the Paleogene of Denmark with a discussion of the fossil history and early evolution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Abstract Pachycondyla rebekkae sp. nov. (Formicidae, Ponerinae) is described from the Fur and Olst Formations (transitional between Paleocene and Eocene, Denmark). About 95 complete or fragmentary gyne specimens and one almost complete male specimen were examined, revealing characters which permit classification and placement of the fossil species in the phylogenetic system of extant Formicidae. The palaeoecology and taphonomy of the insect fauna of the Fur and Olst Formations are discussed. Finally, the significance of the new species is discussed in light of the fossil history and early evolution of ants.
Teaching through Collective Trauma in the Era of COVID-19: Trauma-Informed Practices for Middle Level Learners.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on education and the ways in which teachers engage their students. Given the individual and collective traumatic nature and impact of this global health crisis, we provide specific strategies for addressing the needs of young adolescents while teaching remotely. Specifically, we posit that middle level educators should embed trauma-informed practices, focused on restoring safety and modeling adaptive behaviors, into their remote instructional practices. Recognizing that the COVID-19 crisis has a collective traumatic impact, affecting the lives and wellbeing of students and teachers alike, we also discuss the importance of self-care, providing strategies and resources for teaching professionals. Finally, we provide some guiding thoughts on how teachers might approach moving forward upon returning to face-to-face learning in the physical classroom.
An evaluation of influence factors that affect pressures in backfilled trenches

Infrastructure rehabilitation and development drives part of the economy of many countries. This line of engineering works includes many projects with conduits in trenches, which are commonly used to house service infrastructures such as cables, sewers, and pipes. The design of these subsurface facilities requires a correct evaluation of the loads imposed by the fill material on the buried conduits. The analysis of these stresses necessitates an assessment of the interaction between the backfill and abutment walls. In practice, conduit design is usually based on an overly simplified arching solution proposed by Marston. A number of influencing factors are not taken into account with this approach. In this paper, the authors use numerical simulations to investigate the effect of key influencing factors on the vertical stress distribution in a backfilled trench. The results show how the vertical stresses may change with the filling sequence, trench width, walls inclination, and backfill properties. RÉSUMÉ : La réhabilitation et le développement des infrastructures conduisent une partie importante de l'économie de plusieurs pays. Cette ligne des travaux d'ingénierie comprend beaucoup de projets avec des conduites dans tranchées qui sont couramment utilisées pour loger des infrastructures de service tels que des câbles, des égouts et des tuyaux. La conception de ces aménagements nécessite une évaluation correcte des charges imposées par le matériau en remblai sur les conduites enfouies. Dans la pratique, la conception de ces conduites est souvent basée sur une solution sur-simplifiée proposée par Marston. Plusieurs facteurs d'influence ont été négligés dans cette approche. Dans cet article, on utilise des modélisations numériques pour investiguer l'effet des facteurs clés sur la distribution des contraintes verticales dans une tranchée remblayée. Les résultats montrent comment les contraintes verticales peuvent changer en fonction de la séquence de remblayage, de la largeur d'une tranchée, de l'angle d'inclinaison des murs, et des propriétés des remblais.
Effect of Habitat Deterioration on Population Dynamics and Extinction Risks in a Previously Common Perennial

Abstract: Habitat deterioration affects population viability and persistence of both plant and animal species. For plants the effect of changes in environmental conditions on population dynamics and extinction risks largely depends on the life span of the species. We used transition matrix models, a life‐table response experiment, and stochastic simulations to investigate the overall effects of nitrogen enrichment (9, 6, 3, and 0 g N/m2/year) and grassland management (mowing and grazing) on vital rates, population growth rate (λ), and extinction risks of a previously common perennial herb ( Primula veris [L.]). We experimentally manipulated 32 permanent plots that were monitored during a 5‐year period. To study the effects of nitrogen addition and management on recruitment in more detail and to evaluate the role of seed availability, we experimentally sowed seeds at different densities. Nitrogen addition always resulted in negative population growth rates (range: 0.998 to 0.700), whereas mean population growth rates in the control situation were >1. Interaction effects indicated that the negative effect of increasing nitrogen addition decreased population growth rate more strongly when the vegetation was mown compared with grazing. Besides significantly increased mortality rates, especially in the youngest life stages, decreased population growth rates under nitrogen enrichment were mainly the result of reduced flowering probabilities, seed production rates per plant, recruitment, and establishment of seedlings. Mowing, however, encouraged growth of vegetative adults into a flowering stage and decreased germination and seedling establishment, whereas the reverse was observed under grazing. Under the highest nitrogen levels, mean times to extinction were much shorter than would be expected based on the longevity of the species, especially under mowing. These results demonstrate that even long‐lived and formerly common perennial species may quickly respond to habitat deterioration, especially when the deterioration takes place over a short period of time.
The α‐toxin of Clostridium septicum is essential for virulence

Clostridium septicum is the causative agent of spontaneous gas gangrene or atraumatic myonecrosis, a sudden and frequently fatal infection that is increasingly associated with malignancy of the colon. Little is known about the disease process although the focus of virulence studies has been the α‐toxin, a pore‐forming cytolysin that is encoded by the csa gene and secreted as an inactive protoxin. Until now a lack of techniques for the genetic manipulation of C. septicum has hindered the use of molecular approaches to understand pathogenesis. By introducing plasmids by conjugation from Escherichia coli, we have developed methods for the genetic manipulation of C. septicum and constructed a chromosomal csa mutant by allelic exchange. Virulence testing of an isogenic series of strains consisting of the wild type, the csa mutant, and a csa mutant complemented with the wild‐type csa gene revealed that the development of fulminant myonecrosis in mice was dependent on the ability to produce a functional haemolytic α‐toxin. Furthermore, the inhibition of leukocyte influx into the lesion, which is very typical of clostridial myonecrosis, was also dependent on the ability to produce α‐toxin. This study represents the first definitive identification of a virulence factor in this organism and opens the way for further studies that will delineate the role of other putative virulence factors in this significant pathogen.
The population dynamics of a non-pollinating fig wasp on Ficus auriculata at Xishuangbanna, China

All fig wasps are confined to figs as larvae, and their specialized diets are restricted to fig embryos, galled fig ovaries or other fig wasp larvae (Boucek 1988). Almost all of the ∼800 Ficus species (Moraceae) are involved in species-specific obligate mutualism with a pollinating fig wasp (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), which also strictly depends on its host fig for reproduction (Berg 2003, Ramirez 1970, Wiebes 1979). More than half of all fig species are functionally dioecious, with male and female functions relegated to separate plants, called gall and seed figs (Kjellberg et al. 1987). Gall figs are functionally male because they foster the pollinator larvae that disperse the fig's pollen as adults. Seed figs are functionally female and produce only seeds. The styles are too long for pollinator ovipositors to reach the ovules, and hence they cannot lay eggs. Gall fig styles are short (Ganeshaiah et al. 1995, Weiblen et al. 1995).
Electromagnetic Torque Transient Control System of a Generic DFIG Wind Turbine Model

The Standard IEC 61400-27-1 intends to cover the current needs of power system operators regarding transient stability analysis of power systems. It provides generic wind turbine models adaptable to any vendor topology and simulation software, simple enough to work under RMS simulation. These models are developed under certain assumptions, trying to strike a balance between simplicity and accuracy. In these terms, depending on the flexibility or stability of the real topology, some behaviors or magnitudes may be dismissed, aiming to decrease the complexity of the model. Nevertheless, this is not the case for IEC Type 3 wind turbine model, which tries to emulate the behavior of magnitudes which are not usually relevant for stakeholders, such as aerodynamic response or electromagnetic torque. This work focuses on the ability of emulating the electromagnetic torque response under voltage dip conditions, illustrating its transient control possibilities in a generic Type 3 wind turbine model. The decrease of this magnitude, due to the voltage drop during the fault, as well as its recovery, can be defined in detail thanks to the complex control model. Hence, this paper may result of interest for those stakeholders involved in the development and adjustment of generic wind turbine models. Keywords—Generic model, IEC 61400-27-1, DFIG, Type 3, Electromagnetic Torque, Transient Control
The investigation of the herpesviruses (BoHV-1 and BoHV-4) on the occurrence of the repro- ductive disorders in dairy cattle herds, Turkey

SUMMARY In this study, the effects of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and Bovine Herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) on reproductive disorders such as postpartum and chronic metritis, abortus and repeat breeder were investigated serologically and virologically in dairy cows, classified as Group I (n=8 herds) and Group II (n=5 herds) according to the presence of the animals with and without reproductive disorders, respectively. For this purpose, a totally 1000 sera (781 from herds in Group I and 219 from herds in Group II) were tested for antibodies to BoHV-1 and BoHV-4 by commercial ELISA. Additionally vaginal discharge samples (n=65), tissue samples from aborted foetus (n=7) and leukocyte samples (n=119) from cattle in Group I and/or Group II were examined for BoHV-1 and BoHV-4 by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Data showed that the seropositivity rates were 52.3% and 47.9% for BoHV-1 in Group I and II, respectively. However, the rates were detected as 47.2% and 5.4% for BoHV-4 in Group I and II, respectively. Virological results are in concordance with serological results, which pointed the etiological role of BoHV-4 in reproductive disorders of Group I cattle alone or with some other agents such as BoHV-1.
Reproduction among free‐living mountain gorillas

The current status of wild gorilla populations and observations of reproductive behavior in wild mountain gorillas are described. The entire world population of gorillas is now less than 12,000, of which about 500 are in captivity. Only about 3,000 wild gorillas live in conservation areas. There are 9,000‐10,000 lowland gorillas, about 400 eastern lowland gorillas, and only about 220 mountain gorillas. The author observed mountain gorillas for 13 years in the Virunga Volcano region of Zaire, Rwanda, and Uganda. Among adult gorillas, 580 copulations were observed. Most of these were initiated by females. Details of sexual behavior and development in free‐living gorillas are presented.
Taxonomic revision of the Mexican Eucyclops (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) with comments on the biogeography of the genus

ABSTRACT Based on the examination of specimens deposited in different national and international biological collections, we reviewed the ca. 800 records of the genus Eucyclops in Mexico and compared them with the type material of presumedly widespread species. Resulting from our taxonomical analysis, in this contribution we recognise 17 species dwelling in Mexico. Complementary upgraded descriptions of eight species emphasising newly introduced taxonomic characters are also presented from the examination of Mexican specimens. These species include E. elegans, E. prionophorus, E. festivus, E. leptacanthus, E. torresphilipi, E. chihuahuensis, E. cuatrocienegas and the recently described E. tziscao and E. angeli. In addition, the use of upgraded descriptive standards involving new morphological characters allowed the discovery of six new species that are described in this work: E. alekseevi sp. nov., E. wixarica sp. nov., E. defayeae sp. nov., E. mittmanni sp. nov., E. estherae sp. nov. and E. ishidai sp. nov. Most of these species were previously recorded in Mexico under different names. The occurrence of E. pectinifer, E. elegans, E. prionophorus and E. leptacanthus in Mexico is herein confirmed. We propose the ornamentation patterns of the fourth swimming legs (i.e. basipodite, coxal plates) as reliable additional characters to recognise closely related species of Eucyclops. The importance of the antennal basis ornamentation in the taxonomy of the genus is supported by our data. We evaluated the taxonomic value of 113 morphometric and binary characters using statistical methods; results of this analysis showed that morphometric characters alone overlap and thus have a limited value to distinguish species of Eucyclops. We include comments on E. serrulatus s. str. in order to provide a complete comparison frame among members of the serrulatus-species complex, but we did not find the strict form in the samples examined. A key to the Mexican species of the genus is also provided.
Changes of dopamine D2, alpha1 adrenergic receptor expressions and developmental stages of seminiferous tubule in rat testis after methamphetamine administration: A preliminary study

The alterations of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) and α1 adrenergic receptor (α1AR) expressions and developmental stages of seminiferous tubule were investigated in twenty-two male rats that underwent one of three Methamphetamine (METH) treatment regimes: acute binge (AB), escalating dose (ED) or escalating binge dose (ED-binge), in comparison with the control. The percentages of stage II seminiferous tubule were significantly decreased in ED and ED-binge groups. Reductions of D2R immunoreactivity in spermatocytes were found in all METH treated groups, while D2R reductions in elongated spermatids were found in ED and ED-binge groups. The expressions of α1AR in spermatocytes were increased in all METH treated groups as well as in round and elongated spermatids in ED and ED-binge groups. The results indicate that METH can cause changes in D2R and α1AR expressions in the testis of METH-addicted rats, which may disrupt DA and NE functions leading to changes of seminiferous epithelium development and consequently spermatogenesis impairment.
Modified Wilkinson Power Divider with Switchable Function using PIN Diode Switches

In this paper, a switchable circuit that functions as a power divider and a RF switch is proposed in this paper. The power divider design was based on the conventional Wilkinson power divider (WPD). Two shorted stubs were introduced at the transmission line of the output ports to compensate mismatch when the function was switched to RF switch. Rogers RO4350 (er = 3.48, h = 0.508mm) was used as a substrate material and copper (thickness = 0.035 mm) related to patch of this proposed design. The proposed design showed good performance for the simulation in physical layout as a power divider and an SPDT switch. Furthermore, the design has a compact size of 62 x 75 mm. The measurement results, however, show a change in resonant frequency. Although there is a correlation between results of measurement and simulation, due to the parasitic reactance of the PIN diode, the resonant frequency was shifted.
Effect of Temperature and Intraspecific Allometry on Predation by Two Phenotypes of Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Abstract Harmonia axyridis Pallas is a highly polymorphic coccinellid with a wide geographic distribution. Genetic polymorphism seems to be the strategy adopted for facing different habitats at different times. Many modifications, such as body shape, body size, and elytral patterns, may be adaptive through imparting increased tolerance to adverse conditions. Previous studies evaluating differences in the light-colored aulica and dark colored nigra phenotypes found differences in biological performances at 20°C. However, whether the predatory activity of the different phenotypes changes under different temperatures remains unknown. Relative consumption rate and predation activity of fourth instars and adults of aulica and nigra phenotypes were compared at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C. Our results showed that temperature is a limiting factor to larval and adult relative consumption rate. The thermal optimum of nigra adults was 3.7°C lower than that of aulica. Both larvae and adults of nigra were more stenothermic than aulica. Close to the upper limit of tolerance (30°C), predation activity of nigra adults was more affected than aulica. In larvae body size and shape could explain the differences observed, because aulica is significantly bigger than nigra and thus aulica presumably can better control heat exchange.
Examining the Spending Patterns of Compensated Displaced Households (CDHs): Empirical Evidence from DiamerBasha Dam Site

This research has two objectives. First, it explores the spending patterns of the households who receive monetary compensation for their land that government takes over for initiating national projects; in our case, it is about building the country’s largest dam. Second, it examines what we call the demonstration effects. Literature abounds with cases examining behaviors of ‘internally displaced individuals while the opposite is true for the ‘compensated displaced households. ’ This is the backdrop, this research carried out a field survey to collect data for 192 households. The compensation received is divided into communal land compensation and private land compensation. In line with arguments with the Keynesian consumption function that provides the theoretical foundation to our empirical work, findings suggest a positive and significant correlation between spending patterns and private land compensation while the communal compensation appears to be insignificant. Education and one out of two demonstration effects have positive influence on spending behaviors.
Mental Models and Learning: The Case of Base-Rate Neglect

We experimentally document persistence of suboptimal behavior despite ample opportunities to learn from feedback in a canonical updating problem where people suffer from base-rate neglect. Our results provide insights on the mechanisms hindering learning from feedback. Importantly, our results suggest mistakes are more likely to be persistent when they are driven by incorrect mental models that miss or misrepresent important aspects of the environment. Such models induce confidence in initial answers, limiting engagement with and learning from feedback. We substantiate these insights in an alternative scenario where individuals involved in a voting problem overlook the importance of being pivotal. (JEL D83, D91)