Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stock Price Model in Manufacturing Companies

This study aims to analyse and answer the phenomenon of Stock Price (SP) with its determinants; Return On Assets (ROA), Dividend Pay-Out Ratio (DPR), Firm Size (SIZE) and Leverage (DER). The model of this study formula is a theoretical framework to find out the factors that influence SP through DER. First model results; ROA has a significant effect on DER. The same results also apply to SIZE, while DPR has no significant effect on DER. The results of the second model; ROA has a significant effect on SP. The same results also apply to SIZE, but they are negatively correlated. The results are different for DER and DPR, both of which have no significant effect on SP so that DER as an intervening variable does not function to mediate SP. The most dominant or sensitive variable in the two research models occurs in ROA. This research can be used as a guide for capital market players in Indonesia to detect what will happen to SP if the variables in this research experience movement. The value of this research is that the SP model formulation via DER is not appropriate for the manufacturing sector.
UV shielding of NH3 and O2 by organic hazes in the Archean atmosphere

The late Archean atmosphere was probably rich in biologically generated CH4 and may well have contained a hydrocarbon haze layer similar to that observed today on Saturn's moon, Titan. Here we present a detailed model of the photochemistry of haze formation in the early atmosphere, and we examine the effects of such a haze layer on climate and ultraviolet radiation. We show that the thickness of the haze layer was limited by a negative feedback loop: A haze optical depth of more than ∼0.5 in the visible would have produced a strong “antigreenhouse effect,” thereby cooling the surface and slowing the rate at which CH4 was produced. Given this climatic constraint on its visible optical depth, the amount of UV shielding provided by the haze can be estimated from knowledge of the optical properties and size distribution of the haze particles. Contrary to previous studies [Sagan and Chyba, 1997], we find that when the finite size of the particles is taken into account, the amount of UV shielding provided by the haze is small. Thus NH3 should have been rapidly photolyzed and should not have been sufficiently abundant to augment the atmospheric greenhouse effect. We also examine the question of whether photosynthetically generated O2 could have accumulated beneath the haze layer. For the model parameters considered here, the answer is “no”: The upper limit on ground level O2 concentrations is ∼10−6 atm, and a more realistic estimate for pO2 during the late Archean is 10−8 atm. The stability of both O2 and NH3 is sensitive to the size distribution and optical properties of the haze particles, neither of which is well known. Further theoretical and laboratory work is needed to address these uncertainties.
Robust optimal ship hulls based on Michell's wave resistance

We seek the hull of a ship with a given volume which minimizes the water resistance with uncertainties on the cruising speed. The water resistance is based on Michell's wave resistance functional, and the speed is a random variable whose probability distribution is known. We first handle the case where the support of the hull is given and then we also optimize this support for a given area. In each case, an optimal hull is shown to exist. The numerical simulations are costly so we adapt to our problem Newton's method for shape optimization. The Dirichlet energy is used as a test case. The numerical results for the robust optimal hull are compared with the case where the cruising speed is known.
Soil carbon changes resulting from sugarcane trash management at two locations in Queensland, Australia, and in North-East Brazil

Sugarcane cropping produces a large amount of crop residues, which offers considerable scope for residue management. Soil samples, collected from 2 long-term experiments in Australia and an experiment in Pernambuco State, Brazil, were analysed for total carbon (CT) and for labile carbon (CL) by oxidation with 333 mM KMnO4. At the 2 locations in Australia, CT and CL concentrations were lower in the surface layer (0-1 cm) of the cropped soil compared with a nearby uncropped reference soil. Burning resulted in a greater loss in CT and CL at a depth of 0-1 cm than green cane trash management. At one of the sites, sugarcane cropping resulted in a decline in CT relative to the reference in the green trash management treatment but an increase in CL. In Brazil, trash management from one cane crop did not change CT over a 12-month period but green cane trash return increased CL. Sustainable sugarcane cropping systems must include crop residue return without burning in order to maintain an active C cycle in the system to drive nutrient cycles.
Winter Shamal in the Persian Gulf

Abstract : Occurrence and air/sea effects of the winter shamal, a subsynoptic- scale wind phenomenon in the Persian Gulf region, are examined by means of a conceptual model which relates upper air and surface features to mesoscale weather events and conditions. Two case studies based on surface data and satellite imagery are presented to illustrate the model. A regional wind climatology and a collection of rules of thumb for shamal forecasting are provided.
Evaluation of NO3-N Leaching in Commercial Fields of Leafy Vegetables by the Soil Nitrogen Balance Estimation System

Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important element limiting nutrients for plant growth and one of the largest energy-input in agricultural production systems is through N fertilizers. Intensive crop production involves the application of inorganic and organic N fertilizer forms to supplement the soil resource base (Christian and Riche, 1998). Over-fertilization and inappropriate timing of fertilizer application may enrich soil water with nitrate-N (NO3-N) (Christian and Riche, 1998) and result to NO3-N leaching that is economically and environmentally undesirable (Asadi and Clemente, 2003; Luce et al., 2011). Several strategies of managing soil N that may reduce or prevent NO3-N leaching in intensive crop production systems have been proposed and experimented (Horiuchi, 2001; Di and Cameron, 2002; Qiaogang et al., 2008; Zupanc et al., 2011). However, in intensive leafy vegetable production systems, excessive application of N in the form of chemical fertilizers to achieve maximum yield per cultivated area is usually accompanied by NO3-N leaching (Mishima, 2001). NO3 -N leaching below the rooting zone results to point and non-point-source pollution and high cost-benefit ratio of agricultural production are sustainability issues that have been addressed for decades (Kumazawa, 1999; Maeda et al., 2003; Bergström et al., 2005; Schoolman et al., 2011). NO3-N leaching has been evaluated using lysimeters (Ogawa et al., 1979; Kobayashi et al., 1995; Suzuki and Shiga, 2004), porous ceramic cups (Williams and Lord, 1997; Christian and Riche, 1998), ion-exchange-resin cartridges (Predotova et al., 2011) and well calibrated computer models. Traditionally, a technique for monitoring salts in the soil of which NO3-N is not exempted involved core sampling (Patriquin et al., 1993; Eigenberg et al., 2002) or the use of suction probes (Williams and Lord, 1997; Christian and Riche, 1998) and subsequent laboratory analyses. Monitoring solutes in the soil has evolved through destructive and a series of non-destructive methods whose applicability is dependent upon the study objectives. Soil resistivity techniques such as resistance probes, low frequency capacitance probes (Aimrun et al., 2009; Scudiero et al., 2012), time-domain reflectometry (Payero et al., 2006; Krishnapillai and Ranjan, 2009; Persson and Dahlin, 2010), soil water samplers (Higashi et al., 2005), tracers (Shibano and Ohno, 1988) and morphological techniques (Eigenberg et al., 2002) have also been employed to monitor the pathway of solute movement in the soil. Computer models have also been developed for scientific research based on ecosystem management principles
The pineapple: Cultivation and uses

Etude de l'ananas (botanique, genetique, origine, dispersion geographique et taxonomie), de son fonctionnement (physiologie), de ses rapports avec le milieu physique (climat, sol) et biologique ( pathogenes, ravageurs, adventices). Etapes du cycle de l'ananas et techniques appliquees. Choix et amenagement du terrain, dispositif, densite et dates de plantation. Fertilisation et recolte du fruit. Multiplication vegetative. Utilisations. Production et commercialisation. Aspects socio-economiques
Estimating the hydraulic conductivity at the south oyster site from geophysical tomographic data using Bayesian Techniques based on the normal linear regression model

This study explores the use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) tomographic velocity, GPR tomographic attenuation, and seismic tomographic velocity for hydraulic conductivity estimation at the South Oyster Site, using a Bayesian framework. Since site‐specific relations between hydraulic conductivity and geophysical properties are often nonlinear and subject to a large degree of uncertainty such as at this site, we developed a normal linear regression model that allows exploring these relationships systematically. Although the log‐conductivity displays a small variation (σ2 = 0.30) and the geophysical data vary over only a small range, results indicate that the geophysical data improve the estimates of the hydraulic conductivity. The improvement is the most significant where prior information is limited. Among the geophysical data, GPR and seismic velocity are more useful than GPR attenuation.
Environmental influences on the engineering behavior of unsaturated undisturbed subgrade soils: effect of soil suctions on resilient modulus

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of soil suction on resilient modulus of undisturbed subgrade soil specimens collected from a section located on I-40 in Canadian County, Oklahoma. A total of 18 undisturbed specimens were tested for resilient modulus (<i>M<sub>R</sub></i>) and soil suction. AASHTO 2002 Design guide <i>M<sub>R</sub></i> predictive model was used and evaluated for its reliability in predicting <i>M<sub>R</sub></i> values. Findings from <i>M<sub>R</sub></i> and soil suction tests showed that <i>M<sub>R</sub></i> increased as total and matric suctions increased. The variation of <i>M<sub>R</sub></i> with both suctions revealed the same trends. Additionally, an existing <i>M<sub>R</sub></i>-stress-suction model was modified to evaluate the variation of <i>M<sub>R</sub></i> with suction and stresses. The modified model was a reliable predictor of <i>M<sub>R</sub></i> values of unsaturated subgrade soils.
Impact of Climate Change on Future Soil Erosion in Different Slope, Land Use, and Soil-Type Conditions in a Part of the Narmada River Basin, India

AbstractSoil erosion is one of the major hazards affected by the climate change, particularly the changed precipitation trend. The present paper has generated future precipitation by downscaling general circulation model (GCM, HADCM3) data of A2 scenario in a part of the Narmada River Basin in Madhya Pradesh, India, to obtain future impact of climate change on soil erosion. Least-square support vector machine (LS-SVM) and statistical downscaling model (SDSM) models were used for downscaling, and the universal soil loss equation (USLE) model was used for estimating soil loss. The results were analyzed with different slope, land use, and soil category. Outcome showed an increase in future precipitation with the resultant increase in soil erosion, with a positive change of 18.09 and 58.9% in years 2050s and 2080s respectively in LS-SVM, while it is decreasing in the year 2020s (−5.47%). Rate of change of soil erosion with SDSM is 15.52 and 105.80% in years 2050s and 2080s respectively, and decrease in the 20.
Investigating multidimensional organisational trust through breach

ABSTRACT Objective The literature shows employee trust in leaders supports organisational performance, despite much still being unknown about the employee-leader trust relationship. This study aimed to explore employee trust in leaders through trust breaches to broaden knowledge about the multidimensional nature of the trust construct and provide organisations with a focus on how to improve employee trust in leaders. Method Trust breaches were explored using hypothetical vignettes. Participants received one scenario with a combination of a relationship treatment and behavioural treatment. There were three relationship treatments: no relationship, new relationship, and established relationship between employee and leader. There were also eight unique behavioural treatments of trust breach between employee and leader in the workplace (for example, betraying agreements). Results Using one-way and two-way analysis of variance, findings showed that only those allocated to the established relationship group were likely to trust the hypothetical leader in the future. While all behavioural breaches negatively influenced future trust, the behaviours of leader lying to, betraying confidentiality of, and publicly belittling the employee were significantly less likely to engender future employee trust. Conclusion This study offers a novel perspective to exploring employee-leader multidimensional organisational trust by investigating trust breaches according to type of relationship and behavioural breach type. This study showed behavioural breaches negatively influence perceptions of future employee trust in leaders. It also reaffirms that established relationships are most likely to be resilient to trust breaches over nominal or absent relationships between employees and their leader. Key Points What is already known about this topic: Employee trust in leaders has been considered a unidimensional and multidimensional construct. Employee trust in leaders is essential for organisational performance. Trust is hard to rebuild after a trust breach. What this topic adds: Trust breaches, like trust itself, have relational and behavioural nuances. Behavioural trust breaches negatively influence likelihood the employee will trust the leader in the future. The relationship between employee and leader determines the likelihood the employee will trust the leader in the future.
Seismic-reflection images of the crust beneath the 2001 M = 7.7 Kutch (Bhuj) epicentral region, western India

Three short (~35 km) seismic-refl ection profi les are presented from the region of the 2001 Mw = 7.7 Bhuj (western India) earthquake. These profi les image a 35–45km-thick crust with strong, near-horizontal refl ections at all depths. The thickness of the crust increases by 10 km over a distance of ~50 km from the northern margin of the Gulf of Kutch to the earthquake epicenter. Aftershocks of the Bhuj earthquake extend to a depth of 37 km, indicating a cold, brittle crust to that depth. Our results show that all of these aftershocks are contained within the crust. Furthermore, there is no evidence for offsets in the crust-mantle boundary associated with deep (mantle) faulting. The existence of a thick (~45 km) and highly refl ective crust at the epicentral zone may be indicative of crustal thickening due to the compressive regime of the past 55 m.y. Alternatively, this crustal thickening could be attributable to magmatic intrusions that date back to Mesozoic rifting associated with the breakup of Gondwanaland.
Remote sensing study of snowline altitude at the end of melting season, Chandra-Bhaga basin, Himachal Pradesh, 1980–2007

Glaciers have a direct relation with climate change. The equilibrium line altitude (ELA) is the most useful parameter to study the effect of climate change on glaciers. The ELA is a theoretical snowline at which the glacier mass balance is zero. Snowline altitude (SLA) at the end of melting season is generally regarded as the ELA. Glaciers of Chandra-Bhaga basin in Lahaul–Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh were chosen to study the ELA, using satellite images from 1980 to 2007. A total of 19 glaciers from the Chandra-Bhaga basin were identified and selected to carry out the study of ELA variation over 27 years. This study reveals that the mean SLA of the sub-basin has increased from 5009 ± 61 m to 5401 ± 21 m from 1980 to 2007. The study is in agreement with the reported increase in the temperature and decrease in winter snowfall of North–West Himalaya in the last century.
Evaluation of Aflatoxin Contamination in Maize from Mazandaran Province in Iran

Background: In Iran, maize is cultivated in wide areas including northern provinces. It is one of the most important crops for poultry and livestock feeding, which is susceptible to aflatoxins (AFs) contamination. So, pre-harvest maize samples from Mazandaran province, north of Iran were analyzed for AFs contamination. Objective: Methods: Thirty-five pre-harvest maize samples were analyzed using immunoaffinity column and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization. Results: Data revealed that incidence of AFB1, AFB2 and total aflatoxins (AFT) in maize samples were 66%, 54% and 63% with mean of 9.5 ± 16.3, 1.7 ± 2.6 and 10.4 ± 18.4 ng/g, respectively. Conclusion: The mean level of AFB1 in samples was higher than the Iranian maximum tolerated level (MTL). But, AFT mean level (10.4 ng/g) was lower than the Iranian and US (20 ng/g) MTLs.
Remote-sensing assessment of glacier fluctuations in the Hindu Raj, Pakistan

Space-based assessments of glaciers across the Himalayas indicate that there is a spatial variation in glacier fluctuations due to variations in local topography, regional climate, and ice-flow dynamics. Unfortunately, limited information is available on glacier fluctuations in northern Pakistan. In this work, we quantify the glacier terminus variations in the Hindu Raj region of Pakistan, where we used Landsat and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) time-series data for 1972, 1989, 1999, and 2007. Eighty-five mountain glaciers of various sizes, orientations, and altitudes were sampled. Our results show that most of the glaciers (70.6%) retreated over the last four decades, although some glaciers advanced (17.6%) or exhibited no detectable change in terminus position (11.8%). Larger glaciers with lower terminus altitudes exhibited greater retreat distances than smaller high-altitude glaciers. Long-term climate data analysis reveals that the recession of glaciers appears to be associated with the rising of summer temperatures in the Hindu Raj. Our results support a spatial trend of an increase in shrinking glaciers towards the western portion of northern Pakistan, with a greater frequency of advancing glaciers towards the east.
Observations of nightside magnetic reconnection during substorm growth and expansion phases

The temporal and spatial variability of nightside magnetic reconnection is described using two-dimensional ionospheric measurements during the growth phase and early expansion phase of a single substorm. Two techniques (A and B) are used to address both the localized (across ∼15° longitude at ∼2300 magnetic local time (MLT)) and the large-scale reconnection rate, using ionospheric data that provides the component of the electric field tangential to the polar cap boundary (PCB) in the stationary boundary frame. Technique A uses localized high-resolution measurements derived from 630 nm all-sky imager data at Rankin Inlet and ionospheric convection vectors obtained from line-of-sight velocity data from the Kapuskasing and Saskatoon Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radars. Technique B uses lower resolution global measurements, obtained by combining Polar VIS imager data and a velocity field derived using SuperDARN global convection mapping. A third technique (C) estimates the nightside reconnection potential from the dayside reconnection potential and the variation in the polar cap area. Technique A reveals standing wave-like variation of period ∼16 min in the reconnection rate in the late growth phase (spatial noncontinuity in the x-line). The localized measurements of the reconnection rate vary between 0 and 50 mV/m during both the growth and expansion phases. Technique B shows the expansion of the x-line toward the duskside during the first 15 min of the expansion phase, from a width of ∼4 hours of MLT to ∼7 hours MLT.
Ignimbrites of the Eastern Snake River Plain: Evidence for major caldera-forming eruptions

The eastern Snake River Plain is a predominantly rhyolitic province, analogous to the present-day Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field but older and further evolved. The widespread Quaternary basaltic lavas that now blanket the eastern Snake River Plain appear to have erupted after major rhyolitic activity ceased and represent less than 20% of the total volume of volcanic rock near the north-central margin of the plain. The rhyolites show a general age progression that becomes younger northeastward toward Yellowstone. Three major ignimbrite sheets, comparable in magnitude to those of the Yellowstone Plateau field, have been correlated on both sides of the eastern Snake River Plain from the Arco and Pocatello areas to margins of the Yellowstone Plateau. These 4.3- to 6.5-Ma-old ignimbrites are referred to herein as the Heise volcanic field. Studies of facies changes and lateral variations in the three major ignimbrites of the Heise field permit identification of related Calderas that are now buried beneath the plain. Petrologic studies suggest that, although the ignimbrites overlap compositionalIy, each was derived from an isotopicalIy distinct magma that contained a significant component of crustal material.
Surface latent heat flux and rainfall associated with rapidly intensifying tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific

This study examines the surface latent heat flux (SLHF) and rainfall associated with rapidly intensifying western North Pacific tropical cyclones (TCs). The mean initial (t = 0 h) SLHF conditions of samples that undergo rapid intensification (RI) are compared with those of the non-RI samples for four categories classified by moving direction over a 24-h period. The results show that RI samples are usually associated with an area of relatively high SLHF on the right-hand side of TC track and with relatively high rainfall within inner-core regions. Student t-tests show statistically significant differences between SLHF of RI and non-RI samples ahead of the TC track, suggesting that SLHF plays an important role in TC rapid intensification. SLHF and inner-core rainfall have the potential to be new predictors for TC intensity forecasting.