Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trigeminal neuropathy causes hypomyelination in the anterior cingulate cortex, disrupts the synchrony of neural circuitry, and impairs decision‐making in male rats

Infraorbital nerve‐chronic constriction injury (ION‐CCI) has become the most popular chronic trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) injury animal model which causes prolonged mechanical allodynia. Accumulative evidence suggests that TNP interferes with cognitive functions, however the underlying mechanisms are not known. The aim of this study was to investigate decision‐making performance as well as synaptic and large‐scale neural synchronized alterations in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (SpV) circuitry and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neural circuitry in male rats with TNP. Rat gambling task showed that ION‐CCI led to decrease the proportion of good decision makers and increase the proportion of poor decision makers. Electrophysiological recordings showed long‐lasting synaptic potentiation of local field potential in the trigeminal ganglia‐SpV caudalis (SpVc) synapses in TNP rats. In this study, TNP led to disruption of ACC spike timing and basolateral amygdala (BLA) theta oscillation associated with suppressed synchronization of theta oscillation between the BLA and ACC, indicating reduced neuronal communications. Myelination is critical for information flow between brain regions, and myelin plasticity is an important feature for learning. Neural activity in the cortical regions impacts myelination by regulating oligodendrocyte (OL) proliferation, differentiation, and myelin formation. We characterized newly formed oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and mature OLs are reduced in TNP and are associated with reduced myelin strength in the ACC region. The functional disturbances in the BLA‐ACC neural circuitry is pathologically associated with the myelin defects in the ACC region which may be relevant causes for the deficits in decision‐making in chronic TNP state.
Representations about sexuality of people diagnosed late with HIV infection.

OBJECTIVE to understand the representations about sexuality of people diagnosed late with HIV infection and its implications in the delayed search for diagnosis. METHODS this is a qualitative study, whose theoretical and methodological framework was Social Representation Theory. The research was carried out with 18 people diagnosed late with HIV infection through an open interview. For data analysis, Structural Narration Analysis was used, with support from MAXQDA 12®. RESULTS representations about sexuality contributed to delayed diagnosis, such as trust in a fixed partnership, sexual intercourse is natural, sexuality as a taboo, search for pleasure in sexual intercourse, regardless of risks, denial of risk for HIV infection. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS representations about sexuality participate in a web of stereotypes and riskier ways of living, which contribute to delayed diagnosis. Sexual health education remains necessary and essential throughout people's lives.
circZFR regulates thyroid cancer progression by the miR‐16/MAPK1 axis

Previous studies have identified the dysregulation of various circRNAs in many types of human cancers including thyroid cancer (TC). Circular RNA ZFR (circZFR) serves as an oncogenic circRNA in TC. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of circZFR in TC progression remains to be further explored. CircZFR and miR‐16 expressions in TC cells were analyzed through qRT‐PCR. Cell viability, invasion, and apoptosis were detected using CCK‐8, transwell invasion assay, and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The relationship between circZFR and miR‐16 was explored using luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull‐down assay, and qRT‐PCR. The relationship between miR‐16 and mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) was explored using luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis. Results showed that circZFR was upregulated and miR‐16 was downregulated in TC cells. CircZFR knockdown inhibited the viability and invasion and induced apoptosis in TC cells. CircZFR inhibited miR‐16 expression by sponging miR‐16 and miR‐16 repressed MAPK1 expression by targeting MAPK1. Moreover, circZFR positively regulated MAPK1 expression in TC cells by serving as a ceRNA of miR‐16. Mechanistically, circZFR knockdown‐induced inhibition of cell viability and invasion and promotion of apoptosis were overturned after miR‐16 downregulation and promotion of MAPK1. Collectively, circZFR knockdown retarded TC progression by sponging miR‐16 and modulating MAPK1 expression.
Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components With Risk of Stroke Recurrence and Mortality

Objective Because metabolic syndrome is a significant risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and the relationship between metabolic syndrome (including its components) and the prognosis of stroke is controversial, this study was conducted to evaluate whether metabolic syndrome is associated with a high recurrence and mortality of stroke. Methods This study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020177118). We searched for relevant observational cohort studies published from inception to April 23, 2020, using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using the random-effects model. The primary and secondary outcomes were stroke recurrence and all-cause mortality, respectively. Leave-one-out sensitivity analyses and nonparametric trim-and-fill method were used to identify the stability of the results. Results Thirteen cohort studies comprising 59,919 participants >60 years of age were included for analysis. Overall, metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with stroke recurrence (relative risk [RR] 1.46, 95% CI 1.07–1.97, p = 0.02). Among the metabolic syndrome components, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.11–1.57, p = 0.002) and ≥2 metabolic syndrome components (RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.44–1.94, p < 0.001) significantly predicted stroke recurrence, whereas elevated triglycerides, elevated waist circumference, hyperglycemia, and hypertension failed to account for risk factors for stroke recurrence. Moreover, metabolic syndrome, not its components, was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.18–1.36, p < 0.001). The stability of these results was further confirmed by the leave-one-out sensitivity analyses and nonparametric trim-and-fill method. Conclusions The present study indicates that metabolic syndrome and some of its components (low HDL-C and number of metabolic syndrome components) seem to be risk factors for stroke recurrence. Although metabolic syndrome is also associated with all-cause mortality, the role of its components in predicting all-cause mortality deserves further study.
Prevalence and associated factors of tuberculosis treatment abandonment.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis treatment abandonment and its associated factors. METHOD Cross-sectional study which used cases of tuberculosis in the System of Information on Notification Aggravations (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação) from 2001 to 2017 in Ceará state. This study included 74,006 cases and the outcome was the closing situation "treatment abandonment". A multivariate analysis was performed to estimate the association between the variables with abandonment. RESULTS Throughout the period, the abandonment rate was 12.54%. A higher abandonment prevalence was verified among people who live in the urban zone (PR = 2.45; 95%CI: 2.20-2.74), who are readmitted after abandonment (PR = 2.84; 95%CI: 2.68-3.01), among those notified as recurrent (PR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.10-1.35) and among drinkers (PR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.42-1.58). Those who were sputum smear-positive (PR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.03-1.19) or for whom sputum smear was unperformed (PR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.20-1.40), coinfection (PR = 2.04; CI95%: 1.89-2.21) and who were not submitted to serology (PR = 1.62; 95%CI: 1.53-1.71) have also a higher prevalence of tuberculosis treatment abandonment. CONCLUSION Tuberculosis treatment abandonment is associated to biological and social factors, habits, and health service structure.
Chylothorax in the neonate—A stepwise approach algorithm

Chylothorax in neonates results from leakage of lymph from thoracic lymphatic ducts and is mainly congenital or posttraumatic. The clinical course of the effusion is heterogeneous, and consensus on treatment, timing, and modalities of measures has not yet been established. This review aims to present, along with levels of evidence and recommendation grades, all current therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of chylothorax in neonates.
Mobile Colistin Resistance Enzyme MCR‐3 Facilitates Bacterial Evasion of Host Phagocytosis

Mobile colistin resistance enzyme MCR‐3 is a phosphoethanolamine transferase modifying lipid A in Gram‐negative bacteria. MCR‐3 generally mediates low‐level (≤8 mg L−1) colistin resistance among Enterobacteriaceae, but occasionally confers high‐level (>128 mg L−1) resistance in aeromonads. Herein, it is determined that MCR‐3, together with another lipid A modification mediated by the arnBCADTEF operon, may be responsible for high‐level colistin resistance in aeromonads. Lipid A is the critical site of pathogens for Toll‐like receptor 4 recognizing. However, it is unknown whether or how MCR‐3‐mediated lipid A modification affects the host immune response. Compared with the wild‐type strains, increased mortality is observed in mice intraperitoneally‐infected with mcr‐3‐positive Aeromonas salmonicida and Escherichia coli strains, along with sepsis symptoms. Further, mcr‐3‐positive strains show decreased clearance rates than wild‐type strains, leading to bacterial accumulation in organs. The increased mortality is tightly associated with the increased tissue hypoxia, injury, and post‐inflammation. MCR‐3 expression also impairs phagocytosis efficiency both in vivo and in vitro, contributing to the increased persistence of mcr‐3‐positive bacteria in tissues compared with parental strains. This study, for the first time, reveals a dual function of MCR‐3 in bacterial resistance and pathogenicity, which calls for caution in treating the infections caused by mcr‐positive pathogens.
A novel approach for assessing hypoperfusion in stroke using spatial independent component analysis of resting‐state fMRI

Individualized treatment of acute stroke depends on the timely detection of ischemia and potentially salvageable tissue in the brain. Using functional MRI (fMRI), it is possible to characterize cerebral blood flow from blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signals without the administration of exogenous contrast agents. In this study, we applied spatial independent component analysis to resting‐state fMRI data of 37 stroke patients scanned within 24 hr of symptom onset, 17 of whom received follow‐up scans the next day. Our analysis revealed “Hypoperfusion spatially‐Independent Components” (HICs) whose spatial patterns of BOLD signal resembled regions of delayed perfusion depicted by dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI. These HICs were detected even in the presence of excessive patient motion, and disappeared following successful tissue reperfusion. The unique spatial and temporal features of HICs allowed them to be distinguished with high accuracy from other components in a user‐independent manner (area under the curve = 0.93, balanced accuracy = 0.90, sensitivity = 1.00, and specificity = 0.85). Our study therefore presents a new, noninvasive method for assessing blood flow in acute stroke that minimizes interpretative subjectivity and is robust to severe patient motion.
Depression in Adolescents.

Major depressive disorder is a condition marked by low or irritable moods, along with physical symptoms such as problems with sleep, energy, and appetite. Treatment options include counseling/psychotherapy (e.g. interpersonal/attachment-based psychotherapy to address interpersonal stresses), lifestyle interventions (e.g. sleep hygiene, proper nutrition, regular exercise), as well as medication options (such as SSRIs).
Reproducible breath metabolite changes in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection

COVID-19 control efforts have been hampered by transmission from pre-symptomatic individuals infected with SARS-CoV2. Prolonged asymptomatic respiratory viral shedding in children has been described and may be another important reservoir for ongoing transmission. The primary diagnostic approach to identify SARS-CoV2 infection relies on qPCR of specific viral sequences from respiratory samples, which is expensive, uncomfortable, relatively slow, and susceptible to false negative results. A rapid non-invasive method to detect mild or asymptomatic infection would have a major impact on public health campaigns to control COVID-19. We hypothesize that candidate biomarkers characterize the exhaled breath of children with SARS-CoV2 infection. To test this hypothesis, we enrolled SARS-CoV-2-infected and uninfected children admitted to a major pediatric academic medical center and analyzed their breath volatile composition. Targeted volatiles analysis revealed that six volatile organic compounds increased significantly in SARS-CoV-2-infected children. Three aldehydes (octanal, nonanal, and heptanal) drew special attention as candidate biomarkers, because viral infections have previously been shown to induce aldehyde production. Together, these biomarkers demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 66.6% specificity. Our work provides a solid framework upon which to build a future ''breathalyzer'' test for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.
A 2:1 randomized, open-label, phase II study of selinexor vs. physician’s choice in older patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract Selinexor, a selective inhibitor of nuclear export, has demonstrated promising activity in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This randomized, phase II study evaluated selinexor 60 mg twice weekly (n = 118) vs. physician’s choice (PC) treatment (n = 57) in patients aged ≥60 years with relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Median OS did not differ significantly for selinexor vs. PC (3.2 vs. 5.6 months; HR = 1.18 [95% CI: 0.79–1.75]; p = 0.422). Complete remission (CR) plus CR with incomplete hematologic recovery trending in favor of selinexor occurred in a minority of patients. Selinexor treated patients had an increased incidence of adverse events. The most common grade ≥3 adverse events were thrombocytopenia, febrile neutropenia, anemia, hyponatremia. Despite well-balanced baseline characteristics, there were numerically higher rates of TP53 mutations, prior myelodysplastic syndrome, and lower absolute neutrophil counts in the selinexor group; warranting further investigation of selinexor in more carefully stratified R/R AML patients. Registered trial: NCT02088541.
Clinical validation of a smartphone-based handheld fundus camera for the evaluation of optic nerve head.

PURPOSE To compare the quality of retinal images captured with a smartphone-based, handheld fundus camera with that of retinal images captured with a commercial fundus camera and to analyze their agreement in determining the cup-to-disc ratio for a cohort of ophthalmological patients. METHODS A total of 50 patients from a secondary ophthalmic outpatient service center underwent a bilateral fundus examination under mydriasis with a smartphone-based, handheld fundus camera and with a commercial fundus camera (4 images/patient by each). Two experienced ophthalmologists evaluated all the fundus images and graded them on the Likert 1-5 scale for quality. Multivariate regression analyses was then performed to evaluate the factors associated with the image quality. Two masked ophthalmologists determined the vertical cup-to-disc ratio of each fundus image, and both the intraobserver (between devices) and interobserver agreement between them was calculated. RESULTS Ninety-eight images from 49 patients were processed in this study for their quality analysis. Ten images from five patients (four from commercial fundus camera and one from smartphone-based, handheld fundus camera) were not included in the analyses due to their extremely poor quality. The medians [interquartile interval] of the image quality were not significantly different between those from the smartphone-based, handheld fundus camera and from the commercial fundus camera (4 [4-5] versus 4 [3-4] respectively, p=0.06); however, both the images captured with the commercial fundus camera and the presence of media opacity presented a significant negative correlation with the image quality. Both the intraobserver [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.82, p<0.001 and 0.83, p<0.001, for examiners 1 and 2, respectively] and interobserver (ICC=0.70, p=0.001 and 0.81; p<0.001, for smartphone-based handheld fundus camera and commercial fundus camera, respectively) agreements were excellent and statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our results thus indicate that the smartphone-based, handheld fundus camera yields an image quality similar to that from a commercial fundus camera, with significant agreement in the cup-to-disc ratios between them. In addition to the good outcomes recorded, the smartphone-based, handheld fundus camera offers the advantages of portability and low-cost to serve as an alternative for fundus documentation for future telemedicine approaches in medical interventions.
Adoption of Telehealth by Pediatric Physical Therapists During COVID-19: A Survey Study

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. To describe the characteristics of pediatric physical therapy telehealth practice during COVID-19. Purpose: To describe the characteristics of pediatric physical therapy telehealth practice during COVID-19. Methods: An anonymous, online survey was distributed to pediatric physical therapists (PTs) in the United States who transitioned to telehealth during COVID-19. Results: Two hundred five respondents completed all quantitative questions. Ninety-six percent reported never providing telehealth previously and only 14.6% had formal training. More than 35% reported 76% to 100% of their caseload transitioned to telehealth. Most respondents perceived that telehealth was somewhat or very effective for caregivers (90.3%) and children (77.1%) and felt somewhat or very confident providing telehealth (73.2%). However, those practicing in school-based settings rated perceived effectiveness and confidence lower than PTs in other settings. Ultimately, 76.1% of respondents would consider providing telehealth in the future. Conclusion: The forced transition of pediatric PTs to the telehealth model during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in positive experiences for many, supporting wider adoption in the future.
Illuminating Key Microbial Players and Metabolic Processes Involved in the Remineralization of Particulate Organic Carbon in the Ocean’s Twilight Zone by Metaproteomics

The ocean’s twilight zone is a critical zone where more than 70% of the sinking particulate organic carbon (POC) are remineralized. Therefore, the twilight zone determines the size of biological carbon storage in the ocean and regulates the global climate. ABSTRACT The twilight zone (from the base of the euphotic zone to the depth of 1,000 m) is the major area of particulate organic carbon (POC) remineralization in the ocean, and heterotrophic microbes contribute to more than 70% of the estimated remineralization. However, little is known about the microbial community and metabolic activity directly associated with POC remineralization in this chronically understudied realm. Here, we characterized the microbial community proteomes of POC samples collected from the twilight zone of three contrasting sites in the Northwest Pacific Ocean using a metaproteomic approach. The particle-attached bacteria from Alteromonadales, Rhodobacterales, and Enterobacterales were the primary POC remineralizers. Hydrolytic enzymes, including proteases and hydrolases, that degrade proteinaceous components and polysaccharides, the main constituents of POC, were abundant and taxonomically associated with these bacterial groups. Furthermore, identification of diverse species-specific transporters and metabolic enzymes implied niche specialization for nutrient acquisition among these bacterial groups. Temperature was the main environmental factor driving the active bacterial groups and metabolic processes, and Enterobacterales replaced Alteromonadales as the predominant group under low temperature. This study provides insight into the key bacteria and metabolic processes involved in POC remineralization, and niche complementarity and species substitution among bacterial groups are critical for efficient POC remineralization in the twilight zone. IMPORTANCE The ocean’s twilight zone is a critical zone where more than 70% of the sinking particulate organic carbon (POC) is remineralized. Therefore, the twilight zone determines the size of biological carbon storage in the ocean and regulates the global climate. Prokaryotes are major players that govern remineralization of POC in this region. However, knowledge of microbial community structure and metabolic activity is still lacking. This study unveiled microbial communities and metabolic activities of POC samples collected from the twilight zone of three contrasting environments in the Northwest Pacific Ocean using a metaproteomic approach. Alteromonadales, Rhodobacterales, and Enterobacterales were the major remineralizers of POC. They excreted diverse species-specific hydrolytic enzymes to split POC into solubilized POC or dissolved organic carbon. Temperature played a crucial role in regulating the community composition and metabolism. Furthermore, niche complementarity or species substitution among bacterial groups guaranteed the efficient remineralization of POC in the twilight zone.
Sports ingroup love does not make me like the sponsor’s beverage but gets me buying it

Previous literature has shown that social identity influences consumer decision-making towards branded products. However, its influence on ones’ own sensory perception of an ingroup (or outgroup) associated brand’s product (i.e. sponsor) is seldom documented and little understood. Here, we investigate the impact of social identity (i.e. team identification) with a football team on the sensorial experience and willingness to buy a beverage, said to be sponsoring the ingroup or the outgroup team. Ninety subjects participated in one of three sensorial experience conditions (matched identity: ingroup beverage; mismatched identity: outgroup beverage; control: no group preference). Each participant tasted the new sponsoring beverage and answered a questionnaire about their subjective sensorial experience of the beverage. EEG and BVP were synchronously collected throughout. Analyses revealed that team identification does not influence subjective responses and only slightly modulates physiological signals. All participants reported high valence and arousal values while physiological signals consistently translated negative affects across groups, which showed that participants reported to be happy/excited about trying the beverage while their physiological signals showed that they were feeling sad/depressed/angry. Crucially, despite a similar sensorial experience, and similar socially desirable report of the subjective experience, only participants in the matched identity group demonstrate higher willingness to buy, showing that the level of team identification, but not taste or beverage quality, influences willingness to buy the said sponsor’s product.