Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy in ischemic cerebrovascular disease with intracranial and extracranial arteriostenosis in Chinese patients A randomized and controlled trail

Background: There are limited data on the effect of dual antiplatelet treatment with clopidogrel plus aspirin in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and intracranial and extracranial arteriostenosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the ef ﬁ cacy and safety of aspirin plus clopidogrel in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease with intracranial and extracranial arteriostenosis. Methods: Patients with clinically evident acute cerebral infarction or transient ischemic attack combined with intracranial and extracranial arteriostenosis (greater than 50%) who were unsuitable or reluctance to perform stent implantation were enrolled in this study. We randomly assigned these patients to receive clopidogrel (75 or 50mg) plus aspirin (100mg) or aspirin (100mg) once daily through 90 days, and followed them for 90 days. We examined the main endpoints including the recurrence of stroke, death from cardiovascular causes, and bleeding events. Results: In all, 200 patients were recruited and followed for 90 days. Ischemic stroke occurred in 6 patients (9.1%) treated with 50mg clopidogrel and aspirin, 6 patients (9.1%) receiving 75mg clopidogrel and aspirin, whereas 19 patients (27.9%) in the aspirin group (aspirin alone vs copidogrel 50mg plus aspirin; 95% con ﬁ dence intervals 1.704 – 23.779, P < 0.05; aspirin alone vs copidogrel 75mg plus aspirin; 95% con ﬁ dence intervals 1.190 – 13.240, P < 0.05). There were more hemorrhagic events among recipients (3 patients [2.3%]) in the copidogrel plus aspirin group than aspirin recipients (0 patient [0%]), including 1 subcutaneous hemorrhage in the group of 50mg clopidogrel and aspirin, doubling the number of nasal and gum bleeding in the group of 75mg clopidogrel and aspirin ( P > 0.05). No intracranial hemorrhage and gastro-intestinal hemorrhage occurred in these 3 groups. Conclusion: Accordingly, 50mg clopidogrel plus aspirin, and 75mg clopidogrel plus aspirin were all superior to aspirin alone as stroke prevention in patients with cerebral infarction or transient ischemic attack combined with intracranial and extracranial arteriostenosis. The effect of secondary stroke prevention was similar between 50mg clopidogrel plus aspirin and 75mg clopidogrel plus aspirin. The therapy of 75mg clopidogrel plus aspirin resulted in a worrisome tread in bleeding events. CI = cerebral infarction, CIs = con ﬁ dence intervals, FASTER = fast assessment of stroke and transient ischaemic attack to prevent early recurrence, GUSTO = Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries, ICA = internal carotid artery, ICVD = ischemic cerebrovascular disease, MCA = middle cerebral artery, PCA = posterior cerebral artery, SD = standard deviation, TIA = transient ischemic attack, VA = vertebral artery.
Influence of herbal supplementation on dressed yield and percent organ weights of broilers during coccidiosis

Present investigation was conducted to evaluate the influence of herbal supplementation on percent dressed yield and percent organ weights of broilers during coccidiosis. 168, one day old broiler chicks were divided into 7 groups, with 2 replicates of 12 chicks each. Broilers of group I and II were provided unsupplemented diet. Broilers of group III and IV were provided 0.0125% amprolium supplemented diet, whereas broilers of group V and VI were provided diet supplemented with 0.2% madar leaf powder and broilers of group VII were provided 0.4% madar leaf powder supplemented diet. On 15 th day of experiment, broilers of group II, IV, VI and VII were infected with 50,000 mixed Eimeria sp. sporulated oocysts. Carcass traits as dressed yield % and organ weight % were higher in both infected and uninfected madar leaf powder supplemented groups followed by amprolium and unsupplemented groups, but difference was non-significant for percent dressed yield whereas significant for percent organ weights.
IP3 receptors and Orai channels in pancreatic acinar cells: co-localisation and its consequences

Orai1 proteins have been recently identified as subunits of store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE) channels. In primary isolated pancreatic acinar cells, Orai1 showed remarkable co-localisation and co-immunoprecipitation with all 3 subtypes of IP 3 receptors. The co-localization between Orai1 and IP 3 Rs was restricted to the apical part of pancreatic acinar cells. Neither co-localization nor co-immunoprecipitation was affected by the Ca 2+ store depletion. Importantly we also characterised Orai1 in basal and lateral membranes of pancreatic acinar cells. The basal and lateral membranes of pancreatic acinar cells have been previously shown to accumulate STIM1 puncta as a result of store depletion. We therefore conclude that these polarized secretory cells contain two pools of Orai1 – apical that interact with IP 3 Rs and baso-lateral that interact with STIM1 following the Ca 2+ store depletion. Experiments on IP 3 Rs knockout animals demonstrated that the apical Orai1 localization does not require IP 3 Rs and that IP 3 Rs are not necessary for the activation of SOCE. However, the IP 3 -releasing secretagogue acetylcholine (ACh) produced a negative modulatory effect on SOCE, suggesting that activated IP 3 Rs could have an inhibitory effect on this Ca 2+ entry mechanism.
629 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells Can Undergo Somatic Hypermutation and Intraclonal Immunoglobulin V H DJ H Gene

Italy Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) arises from the clonal expansion of a CD5 (cid:2) B lymphocyte that is thought not to undergo intraclonal diversification. Using V H DJ H cDNA single strand conformation polymorphism analyses, we detected intraclonal mobility variants in 11 of 18 CLL cases. cDNA sequence analyses indicated that these variants represented unique point-mutations (1–35/patient). In nine cases, these mutations were unique to individual submembers of the CLL clone, although in two cases they occurred in a large percentage of the clonal submembers and genealogical trees could be identified. The diversification process responsible for these changes led to single nucleotide changes that favored transitions over transversions, but did not target A nucleotides and did not have the replacement/silent nucleotide change characteristics of antigen-selected B cells. Intraclonal diversification did not correlate with the original mutational load of an individual CLL case in that diversification was as frequent in CLL cells with little or no somatic mutations as in those with considerable mutations. Finally, CLL B cells that did not exhibit intraclonal diversification in vivo could be induced to mutate their V H DJ H genes in vitro after stimulation. These data indicate that a somatic mutation mech-anism remains functional in CLL cells and could play a role in the evolution of the 96-well plate (200 (cid:4) l FCS-RPMI 1640 vol). To cross-link the BCR, CLL B cells were incubated for 2 h at 4 (cid:5) C with Sepharose ® -conjugated rabbit Abs to human IgM and Ig (H (cid:2) L) chain (2 (cid:4) g/ml; Irvine Scientific), and then washed with cold PBS. After 7 d of culture, CLL B cells were collected, freed of dead cells and debris by fractionation through Histopaque ® 1077 (Sigma-Aldrich), exposed again to anti-BCR Abs, washed, and reseeded over a new layer of irradiated T cells and CD40L-293 cells, in the presence of cytokines. At day 14 of culture, CLL cells were harvested for total RNA extraction.
Using of some phytobiotics and probiotics as promotors to cultured Nile Tilapia

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary thyme, cinnamon and/or Bacillus subtilis probiotic supplementation on growth performance, biochemical parameters, antioxidant activity and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila infection of Oreochromis niloticus . Total number of two hundred and ten O. niloticus fish were used in our work (60 fish for isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila and 150 fish for experimental growth trial were allotted into six equal groups, fed on basal diet supplemented by 0.0 or with 10 g thyme or cinnamon herb/kg diet without or with 0.1g Bacillus subtilis probiotic /kg diet respectively for 8 weeks and, subsequently, challenged with A. hydrophila previously isolated from local Nile tilapia farms. Obtained data revealed that thyme or cinnamon supplementation significantly ( P ˂0.05) improved total gain, daily gain, gain%, SGR%, total feed intake and FCR throughout the whole experimental period compared with control. Bacillus subtilis supplementation alone or with thyme herb supplementation in Nile tilapia fish diet improved total gain, daily gain, gain%, SGR%, total feed intake and FCR, however Bacillus subtilis supplementation with cinnamon non-significantly reduced the mentioned parameters compared with fish group fed on the same diet without Bacillus subtilis supplementation. Moreover, it was noticed that thyme or cinnamon supplementation increased serum total protein, globulin, SOD and CAT levels and reduced serum ALT, AST, uric acid and creatinine concentrations compared with control, while Bacillus subtilis supplementation alone or with thyme herb supplementation in Nile tilapia fish diet increased serum total protein, globulin, SOD and CAT levels and reduced serum ALT, AST, uric acid and creatinine concentrations and opposite result obtained with cinnamon and probiotic addition compared with fish group fed on the same diet without Bacillus subtilis supplementation. Inclusion of thyme or cinnamon herbs without or with Bacillus subtilis supplementation in Nile tilapia fish diet reduced mortality% and Aeromonas hydrophila re-isolation rate compared with control and the best value obtained by fish group fed on diet supplemented by thyme with probiotic or thyme alone. It could be concluded that using thyme with probiotic or alone good due to their high effective growth promoting, antibacterial and positive impact on liver and kidney functions and antioxidant enzymes activities, also using of cinnamon had good antioxidant and antibacterial activity. This study highly recommends the use of thyme and/or probiotic as therapeutic and protective agents in dealing with Aeromonas hydrophila infection in fish culture.
Conceptualisation of War: Clausewitzian and Anti-Clausewitzian Perspectives

War is a source of great concern to society. Its destructive potential is much, and it is unlikely to be eliminated. War is destructive, but it is a means to achieve lasting peace. Thus, it is part of societal evolution. To this end, Karl Von Clausewitz wrote on the philosophy of war. Therefore, this study systematically explored the concept of war, Clausewitz paradigm of war, the contemporary Clausewitz warfare and the anti-Clausewitz perspective of war. The study was based on the qualitative method. The major sources of data collection were books, lecture notes, journals and internet materials. Data analysis was done through content analysis. The study concluded that Clausewitz's approach to war is dialectical. On war, he used polarities to rationalise a subject of great depth and breadth. Clausewitz consistently presents an observation with its opposite. The theory was set against practice; moral forces are compared with physical force. Clausewitz can be separated from other military scholars by the ‘wholeness’ of his approach and the reality he brings to the discussion of war. There was an attack, and there was a defense. Clausewitz constructed a beautiful pendulum in explaining the phenomenon and philosophy of War.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPH. AUREUS AND SOME ENTERIC BACTERIA PRODUCING TOXINS IN MINCED MEAT SOLED IN PORT-SAID CITY MARKETS

A total of 100 minced meat samples were collected from different butchers in Port-Said city for isolation and identification of Staph. aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. The results revealed that Staph. aureus, E. coli and Salmonella spp. could be detected in a percentage of 14%, 12% and 1% respectively from minced meat samples. Molecular characterizations of all isolated S. aureus, E. coli and Salmonella spp. were confirmed using 16S rRNA , phoA and invA, respectively by conventional PCR at 791 bp; 720 bp and 284 bp, respectively. Multiplex PCR was developed with specific primers for the detection of different enterotoxin genes ( Sea , Seb, Sec, Sed and See ) of Staph. aureus , ( Stx1 , Stx2 , STa and lt ) of E. coli and ( stn) of Salmonella which may be considered a significant in food safety threat. The obtained results showed that the positive serotypes for enterotoxin genes were ( Seb in 3 isolates and Sed in one isolate) of Staph. aureus at 164 bp and 278 bp respectively; ( Stx2 in 2 isolates and STa in 2 isolates) of E. coli at 779 bp and 229 bp, respectively. Conventional PCR is rapid methods for the confirmation of Staph. aureus, E. coli and Salmonella spp. , while multiplex PCR is a useful technique for detection of enterotoxin genes. The public health hazards of this isolated organism, as well as recommended measures to improve quality status of minced meat were discussed.
One-Month-Lead Predictability of Asian Summer Monsoon Indices Based on the Zonal Winds by the APCC Multimodel Ensemble

The seasonal predictability of Asian summer monsoon indices characterizing horizontal and vertical zonal wind shear is investigated using 1-month-lead hindcast datasets from seven coupled global circulation models (CGCMs) participating in the operational multimodel ensemble (MME) seasonal prediction system of the Asia–Paciﬁc Economic Cooperation Climate Center (APCC) for the 1983–2010 period. The summer monsoon indices analyzed in this study represent the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM), western North Paciﬁcsummermonsoon(WNPSM),andthenewlydeﬁnednortheasternAsiansummermonsoon(NEASM). FortheWNPSMandNEASMindices,wealsoanalyzethepredictionskilloftheindexcomponentssepa-rately. The study demonstratesthatthe operational APCC MME systemreliablypredictsmostof thesummer monsoon indices and their components, with correlation coefﬁcients exceeding the 99% conﬁdence level. Analysis of the ocean sources of the prediction skill of the indices reveals that the strong relationships of most of the monsoon indices and their components with sea surface temperature (SST) are not conﬁned to the equatorial Paciﬁc but rather are dispersed throughout the World Ocean, with the leading role played by the north Indian Ocean SST anomalies. This conclusion is supported by the analysis of correlations between the monsoon indices and the tropical SST indices. The correlations between the SST anomalies and all the summer monsoon indices in the MME predictions are stronger than those in the observations. However, overestimationoftheroleoftheENSO-relatedSSTanomaliesintheseasonalmodelhindcastsresultsinsome predictability deterioration of the SASM and
Low concentrations of bile salts induce stress responses and reduce 1 motility in the Bacillus cereus type strain 2

Tolerance to bile salts was investigated in forty Bacillus cereus strains, including 17 23 environmental isolates, 11 dairy isolates, 3 isolates from food poisoning outbreaks and 9 24 other clinical isolates. Growth of all strains was observed at low bile salt concentrations 25 but no growth was observed on LB-agar plates containing over 0.005% bile salts. Pre- 26 incubation of the B. cereus type strain, ATCC 14579, in low levels of bile salts did not 27 increase tolerance levels. 28 29 B. cereus ATCC 14579 was grown to mid-exponential growth phase and shifted to 30 medium containing bile salts (0.005%). Global expression patterns were determined by 31 hybridization of total cDNA to a 70-mer oligonucleotide microarray. 32 33 A general stress response and a specific response to bile salts was observed. The general 34 response was similar to that observed in cultures grown in the absence of bile salts but at 35 a higher (2×) cell density. Up-regulation of several putative multidrug exporters and 36 transcriptional regulators, and down-regulation of most motility genes were observed as 37 part of the specific response. Motility experiments in soft agar showed that motility 38 decreased following bile salts exposure, in accordance with the transcriptional data. 39 Genes encoding putative virulence factors were either unaffected or down-regulated.
Study of Search Optimization Opportunities of Heuristic Algorithms for Solving Multi-Extremal Problems

— The investigated objective of this paper is the search optimization task of multiextremal objects, which is considered to be more complicated than the optimization tasks of mono-extremal objects. This work postulates that in order to achieve this goal, the heuristics algorithms are the only ones able to provide suitable solutions. Therefore, 3 of the most popular and devised approaches have been considered: (1) the method of swarming particles, (2) evolutionary-genetic approach and (3) ant algorithm. The conducted research has established the common test environment for comparing the multi-extremal Rastrigin function, with the 3 investigated methods. It is clearly shown that all of these 3 methods are quite appropriate for solving the multiextremal tasks. However, in each of the addressed heuristic algorithms, we have applied their own specific characteristics to solve the problem of detection and identification of the global and local extrema. These approaches have been combined together due to the general need of data clustering. It is illustrated that, when solving an extremal task, each of these methods can provide the desired solution for a fairly wide range of imposed accuracies and available resource times.
Susceptibility to Vancomycin of Biofilm Producing Staphylococci Isolated from Tertiary Care Hospital of Nepal

BACKGROUND: Methicillin resistance and biofilm-producing Staphylococci are emerging as multidrug-resistant strains narrowing the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy. Although vancomycin is used as the drug of choice to treat such isolates, different studies worldwide have documented the emergence of strains that are intermediately susceptible or resistant to this antibiotic. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of vancomycin to methicillin-resistant and biofilm-producing staphylococci isolated from different clinical specimens. METHODS: 375 staphylococci isolated from different clinical specimens over one year were included in the study. Biofilm formation was determined by the Tissue culture plate method (TCP), and ica genes were identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Antibiotic susceptibility and methicillin resistance were done following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin in all isolates was determined by the agar dilution method. RESULTS: Among 375 Staphylococci studied, 43% and 57% represented S. aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CNS), respectively. The rate of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (MRCNS) were 81.4% and 66.8% respectively and determined by the disc diffusion method. The most potential antibiotics were tetracycline and chloramphenicol showing sensitivity to more than 90% isolates. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of oxacillin for staphylococci ranged from 0.125-32 μg/ml. Oxacillin agar diffusion method showed 51.6% and 79.9% isolates as MRSA and MRCNS, respectively, revealing a very high percentage of S. aureus and CNS isolates as methicillin-resistant. All isolates had susceptible vancomycin MICs that ranged from 0.125-2 μg/ml. Two S. aureus isolated from Central Venous Catheter (CVC) and catheter specimens were detected with intermediate susceptibility to vancomycin. Similarly, three CNS isolated from blood, CVC, and wound/pus (w/p) were intermediately susceptible to vancomycin. Strong biofilm formation was observed in 22.1% of clinical isolates, and the ica gene was detected among 22.9% of isolates. Only one S. aureus detected as a biofilm producer by the TCP method was found to have intermediate susceptibility to vancomycin. CONCLUSIONS: The increment in vancomycin MIC among methicillin-resistant and biofilm-producing staphylococci is alarming. Strict control measures to prevent methicillin-resistant isolates spread and routine surveillance for vancomycin-resistant isolates must be incorporated in hospitals to prevent antimicrobial treatment failure.
Plac1 Remodels the Tumor Immune Evasion Microenvironment and Predicts Therapeutic Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC or HNSC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Placenta-specific 1 (Plac1) belongs to the cancer testis antigen family and is highly expressed in malignant cells in HNSC. However, the biological function and prognostic value of plac1 in HNSC are still unclear. In the current research, we performed a comprehensive analysis of plac1 using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) bulk RNA sequencing databases as well as a single-cell sequencing dataset. We constructed a 15-gene prognostic signature through screening plac1-related immunomodulators and validated its efficiency and accuracy in immunotherapy cohorts and a pancancer database. We found that plac1 expression level is a prognostic predictor of poor overall survival in patients with HNSC. Plac1 is associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition and tumor invasion. Plac1 has a “dual immunosuppressive function” on tumor microenvironment. On one hand, plac1-positive cells promote extracellular matrix formation and suppress immune cell infiltration. On the other hand, plac1-positive cells enhance the interaction between dendritic cells and macrophages, which further suppresses antitumor immunity. Finally, we constructed a 15-gene prognostic signature, the efficiency and accuracy of which were validated in immunotherapy cohorts and a pancancer database. In conclusion, plac1 is a promising candidate biomarker for prognosis, a potential target for immunotherapy, and a novel point for studying the immunosuppressive mechanisms of the tumor microenvironment in HNSC.
Multi-Representations and Multi-Constraints Approach to the Numerical Synthesis of Serial Kinematic Structures of Manipulators

This paper presents a set of algorithms for the synthesis of kinematic structures of serial manipulators using multiple constraint formulation and provides a performance comparison of different kinematic representations, the Denavit-Hartenberg notation, the Product of Exponentials (screws), and Roll-Pitch-Yaw angles with translation parameters. Synthesis is performed for five given tasks, and both revolute and prismatic joints can be synthesized. Two different non-linear programming optimization algorithms were used to support the findings. The results are compared and discussed. Data show that the choice of the constraint design method has a significant impact on the success rate of optimization convergence. The choice of representation has a lower impact on convergence, but there are differences in the optimization time and the length of the designed manipulators. Furthermore, the best results are obtained when multiple methodologies are used in combination. An arbitrary manipulator was designed and assembled based on a trajectory in the collision environment to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed methodology. The input/output data and synthesis methodology algorithms are provided through an open repository.