Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Energy Expenditure Affect the Perception of Egocentric Distance? A Failure to Replicate Experiment 1 of Proffitt, Stefanucci, Banton, and Epstein (2003)

In a series of recent studies, Proffitt and his colleagues have reported that the perceived distance to a target is influenced by the energy expenditure associated with any action, such as walking or throwing, for spanning the distance to the target. In particular, Proffitt, Stefanucci, Banton, and Epstein (2003) reported that wearing a heavy backpack caused verbal reports of distance to increase. We conducted a study to determine whether three responses dependent on perceived distance (verbal report of distance, blind walking, and estimates of object size) are influenced by the backpack manipulation. In two experiments, one involving a between-participants design and the other involving a within-participants design, we found that none of the three responses were influenced by the wearing of a heavy backpack. En una serie reciente de trabajos, Proffitt y sus colegas informaron de que la distancia a la que se percibe una estimulación diana se ve afectada por el gasto de energía asociado a la realización de cualquier acción, como andar o lanzar un objeto, que pueda realizarse para cubrir la distancia hasta la estimulación diana. Concretamente, Proffitt, Stefanucci, Banton y Epstein (2003) afirmaron que llevar una mochila pesada hizo que se incrementasen los informes verbales sobre la distancia. Realizamos un estudio para verificar si tres respuestas que dependen de la distancia percibida (informe verbal de distancia, andar a ciegas y estimaciones del tamaño de un objeto) son afectadas por el uso de la mochila. En dos experimentos, uno con un diseño inter-participantes y el otro con un diseño intra-participantes, encontramos que ninguna de las tres respuestas era afectada por llevar una mochila pesada.
The Extreme Future Stock Returns Following I/B/E/S Earnings Surprises

We investigate the stock returns subsequent to quarterly earnings surprises, where the benchmark for an earnings surprise is the consensus analyst forecast. By defining the surprise relative to an analyst forecast rather than a time-series model of expected earnings, we document returns subsequent to earnings announcements that are much larger, persist for much longer, and are more heavily concentrated in the long portion of the hedge portfolio than shown in previous studies. We show that our results hold after controlling for risk and previously documented anomalies, and are positive for every quarter between 1988 and 2000. Finally, we explore the financial results and information environment of firms with extreme earnings surprises and find that they tend to be "neglected" stocks with relatively high book-to-market ratios, low analyst coverage, and high analyst forecast dispersion. In the three subsequent years, firms with extreme positive earnings surprises tend to have persistent earnings surprises in the same direction, strong growth in cash flows and earnings, and large increases in analyst coverage, relative to firms with extreme negative earnings surprises. We also show that the returns to the earnings surprise strategy are highest in the quartile of firms where transaction costs are highest and institutional investor interest is lowest, consistent with the idea that market inefficiencies are more prevalent when frictions make it difficult for large, sophisticated investors to exploit the inefficiencies. Copyright University of Chicago on behalf of the Institute of Professional Accounting, 2006.
Assessment of fecundity and gonadosomatic index of commercially important fish, Labeo rohita from Ramganga river.

Present investigation deals with the assessment of Fecundity and Gonadosomatic index of Labeo rohita collected from Ramganga river of western Uttar Pradesh during June 2005 to May 2008. The mean value of fecundity was estimated as 66823.70 ￻ 4312.39 eggs with a mean total length of 183.06 ￻ 5.60 mm and mean total body weight of 315.64 ￻ 16.59 grams. The relationship of fecundity with other parameters such as Total length (TL), Total weight (TW), Ovary length (OL) and Ovary weight (OW) were found to be linear and the values of correlation coefficient (r) was 0.97, 0.97, 0.99 and 0.95 respectively. The average relative fecundity was calculated as 202.78 ￻ 3.75 Highest value of GSI was recorded in the month of August indicating spawning period of Labeo rohita.
Specific Induced Resistance of Mice to Endotoxin

Summary Vaccination with viable or heat-killed oral anaerobic gram negative cocci (genus Veillonella) increased the resistance of a strain of Swiss-Webster mice to the lethal effects of veillonella endotoxin. Protection was best conferred with serologically specific endotoxin prepared from the strain of veillonella used for vaccination. Utilizing weight loss to sublethal dosages as a measure of biological effects of endotoxin, the duration and extent of weight loss in vaccinated mice is also considerably reduced as compared to nonvaccinated animals. Vaccination with heat-killed veillonellae significantly protected B. pertussis-sensitized mice against veillonella endotoxin, but not against lethal doses of E. coli endotoxin, histamine, or serotonin. Vaccination of mice with another oral gram negative bacterium (Fusobacterium) did not protect pertussis-sensitized mice against the lethal effect of veillonella endotoxin.
Integrated Anchorage of Thin Façade Panels Made of Textile Reinforced Concrete

This paper discusses the feasibility of an innovative anchoring element which is designed to be integrated into the volume of an ultra-thin coffered façade panel made of textile reinforced concrete and to not increase its external dimensions. The first part of the article describes the composition and shape of the façade panel and focuses on the manufacturing of the composite anchoring element made of carbon technical textile penetrated with polymer matrix which is intentionally identical composition as in the case of the façade panel reinforcement. The second part of the article focuses on the behavior of the composite anchoring element and its effect on its surroundings during the mechanical loading of the façade panel. Specimens of the coffered façade panel with integrated anchoring elements were subjected to four-point bending test to determine the impact of the anchoring elements on the façade panel flexural tensile strength and type of failure. Additional specimens were tested to determine the load-bearing capacity of the anchoring elements.
Assessment on Dairy Production System and its Constraints in Horoguduru Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia

A cross sectional study was conducted to assess dairy production system and to identify its common constraints in Abay Choman and Jimma Ganati Districts of Horro Guduru Wollega zone. Multistage sampling technique was used to determine sample size and Districts, peasant associations, villages and dairy owners were sampled sequentially. 63.13% of the respondents had formal education; out of which 40.22% attended only elementary education, 8.94% attended high School, 7.26% diploma graduate and 6.70% were degree graduates. The means ± SD of cattle holding was 8.04 ± 6.72 out of which averagely 3 animals were cows. Of the total of 546 dairy cows, only 9 (1.65%) and 5 (0.92%) were Holstein and Jersey cross bred cows. Housing system of the study area was mainly traditional and unimproved where 91.62% of housing of which 77.09% were not shaded. Only 2.22% were housed in concrete floor housing with shade. The average age at first calving for Horro zebu cattle was 3.61±0.59 years where it was shorter for crossbred a endogenous breed was 1.98 year and the average daily milk yield was found 1.1 litre/cow/day. Dairy product in the area was mainly used for home consumption where 131(73.18%) respondent dairy cattle owners use the dai the dairy owners sell dairy product to local consumer and 11(6.15%) and 1(0.56%) respondents sell their dairy product to Hotel and local consumer and only to Hotels, respectively. Based on result, provision of extension se distribution cross breed bulls and continuous training were recommended Copyright@2015 STAR Journal
IMPACT OF COPPER ON THE STRUCTURE OF GILLS AND EPIPODITES OF THE SHRIMP PENAEUS JAPONICUS (DECAPODA)

ABSTRACT The impact of sublethal concentrations of copper on the structure and ultrastructure of gills and epipodites has been studied in late juvenile Penaeus japonicus. The structural changes which occur in the gill and epipodite cells appeared to be a function of copper accumulation in these tissues. The gill cells of shrimps exposed to 100 and 10 µg Cu 1-1 for 15 days did not display discernible structural changes. However, an increased number of nephrocytes was observed in some gill filaments, especially in shrimps exposed to 100 µg Cu 1 '. A profound alteration of the gill structure occurred after exposure to 500 and 1.000 µg Cu I 1 for 4 days. Exposure to 1,000 µg Cu 1 1 resulted in gaps between the cuticle and the epithelium and in the disorganization of epithelial cells. The nuclear matrices were condensed and vacuoles were observed around the nucleus. Exposure to 10 µg Cu 1 1 for 15 days did not result in perceptible structural changes of the epipodite cells. After exposure to 500 and 1,000 µg Cu 1-1 for 4 days and to 100 µg Cu 1 1 for 15 days, the epithelial cells of epipodites were completely altered. Basal infoldings were less numerous and apical microvilli were absent. The number and size of mitochondria decreased and their structure was disorganized. The nuclear matrices were condensed, with vacuoles around the nucleus, and the cells became extensively vacuolated. Pseudomyelinic structures were noted in epipodite cells of shrimps exposed to 500 µg Cu 1-1. The significance of the morphological changes of these organs after exposure to copper are discussed in relation to their physiological functions.
Characterization of Shear Strength and Interface Friction of Organic Soil

This study was undertaken to investigate some specific problems that limit a safe design and construction of structures on problematic soils. An experimental study was carried out to examine the influence of loading rate and moisture content on shear strength of organic soil. Influece of moisture content on interface friction between organic soil and structural materials was also attempted. A commonly used soil in Iraq was prepared at varying moisture contents of 39%, 57% and 75%. The experimental results showed that the increase in water content will decrease the shear stress and the internal friction angle. An increase of the shearing rate was found to decrease the shear stress and internal friction angle for all percetanges of water contents. Further, direct shear tests were carried out to detect the interface shear stress behavior between organic soil and structural materials. The results revealed that the increase in water content was shown to have significant negetavie effects on the interface internal friction and angle shear strength.
Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Multiple Openings

The present investigation focuses on the response of simply supported reinforced concrete rectangular-section beams with multiple openings of different sizes, numbers, and geometrical configurations. The advantages of the reinforcement concrete beams with multiple opening are mainly, practical benefit including decreasing the floor heights due to passage of the utilities through the beam rather than the passage beneath it, and constructional benefit that includes the reduction of the self-weight of structure resulting due to the reduction of the dead load that achieves economic design. To optimize beam self-weight with its ultimate resistance capacity, ten reinforced concrete beams having a length, width, and depth of 2700, 100, and 400 mm, respectively were fabricated and tested as simply supported beams under one incremental concentrated load at mid-span until failure. The design parameters were the configuration and size of openings. Three main groups categorized experimental beams comprise the same area of openings and steel reinforcement details but differ in configurations. Three different shapes of openings were considered, mainly, rectangular, parallelogram, and circular. The experimental results indicate that, the beams with circular openings more efficient than the other configurations in ultimate load capacity and beams stiffness whereas, the beams with parallelogram openings were better than the beams with rectangular openings. Commonly, it was observed that the reduction in ultimate load capacity, for beams of group I, II, and III compared to the reference solid beam ranged between (75 to 93%), (65 to 93%), and (70 to 79%) respectively.
Effect of Emulsifiers on Physical Properties and Stability of Oral Rice Bran Oil Nanoemulsions

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of emulsifier types and concentrations on the physical properties and stability of rice bran oil O/W nanoemulsions for oral administration. The nanoemulsions were formulated by using 10% of rice bran oil (RBO) as an oil phase and either single emulsifier (1,3,5% sodium caseinate (SC) or 4,6,8% polysorbate 80 (P80)) or mixed emulsifiers (1,3,5% SC and 4,6,8% P80). The nanoemulsions were prepared by Microfluidizer® at 1,500 bar for five cycles and evaluated for droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, pH, and viscosity. Their physical stability was tested under heating-cooling cycles for six cycles. The results indicated that the nanoemulsions with SC (162.50-163.48 nm) had a larger droplet size than those with P80 (90.11-105.94 nm). The concentration of SC had no significant effect on the droplet size, whereas increasing the P80 concentration resulted in a significant decrease in the droplet size. For the formulations with mixed emulsifiers, an increase in the concentration of the second emulsifier leaded to a decrease in the droplet size. All nanoemulsions had narrow size distribution (PDI < 0.2), negative charge, neutral pH value, and low viscosity. The nanoemulsions with alone SC showed a larger negative charge value as compared to those with alone P80 and mixed emulsifiers. All formulations with a single emulsifier were physically stable under heating-cooling cycles for six cycles, whereas the nanoemulsions with mixed emulsifiers showed good stability for only those with the low SC concentration (1%). The rice bran oil O/W nanoemulsions obtained from this study could be developed as oral delivery systems for further applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Characterization, identification and comparative evaluation of bioethanol tolerance and production capacity of isolated yeast strains from fermented date palm sap (toddy).

Aims: Toddy, an alcoholic beverage produced from naturally fermented date palm sap and commonly used as traditional drink in Southern India including Odisha, is a source of natural yeasts, capable of fermenting sugar to alcohol. The present study was carried out to isolate and identify predominant yeast strains from toddy, fermented date palm sap and to evaluate their ethanol tolerance and comparative bioethanol production capacity to select potential yeast strains for efficient bioethanol production for their application in fermentation industry. Methodology and results: Eight morphologically distinct yeast isolates (BS1-BS8) were identified on the basis of morphological and biochemical characterization. The yeasts identified include four strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one strain each of Pichia besseyi and Trycosporon capitatum and two strains of Candida albicans. The strains were evaluated for their ethanol tolerance capacity in in vitro condition. The strains P. besseyi (BS2) and S. cerevisiae (BS7) tolerated ethanol concentration up to 10% (v/v), while two isolated S. cerevisiae strains (BS1 and BS5) showed tolerance up to 9% of ethanol concentration. The remaining two strains showed tolerance of 7% (v/v). The identified strains along with commercial yeast strain (S. cerevisiae, CTCRI) were evaluated for comparative bioethanol production capacity in different carbohydrate substrates (grape juice, mahua flower extract, molasses, sugarcane juice and saccharified sweet potato root flour broth). Taking different strains and substrate conditions into account, strain P. besseyi (BS2) showed in overall the highest ethanol production capacity followed by the strains of S. cerevisiae (BS5, CTCRI, BS2 and BS7 in an order of their performance). On the other hand strains of C. albicans (BS4 and BS6) and T. capitatum (BS3) exhibited least ethanol production capacity. Conclusion, significance and impact study: In conclusion, the present research work characterizes eight yeast strains isolated from fermented date palm sap (toddy) by conventional morphological and biochemical methods and identified them as four species of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two strains of C. albicans and one strain each of P. besseyi and T. capitatum. The isolate P. besseyi showed very high ethanol tolerance and production capacity with some promising fermentation capacity towards different substrates compared to commercial yeast strain S. cerevisiae.
A New Fossil Bird Locality near Playa del Rey, California, with Description of a New Species of Sulid

A new fossil bird locality has recently come to light as a result of excavations in a marine deposit rich in molluscan remains. This deposit occurs on Lincoln Boulevard, in the Del Rey Hills, about two miles east northeast of Playa del Rey, Los Angeles County, California. The fossil-bearing stratum is about one foot in thickness and lies three feet below the present surface and fifty feet above sea level. For the discovery of this new locality, and for most of the bird specimens available, I am indebted to Mr. George Willett of the Los Angeles Museum. With the thirty thousand or more shells of molluscs from this deposit which he has identified and added to the museum collections, he has brought in twenty bones of birds. To these have been added thirteen others, contributed by interested friends who have collected on a smaller scale in the same locality. I take this opportunity to express my thanks to these collectors who have thus helped to make this study complete: Mr. Harry Fletcher, Mrs. Bertha Fuller, Mr. J. C. Marsh, Mr. Henry Matthews and other students of Glendale Junior College, and Messrs. H. C. and Homer L. White.
A Review on Finite Element Modeling and Simulation of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) constitutes one of the most important stabilizing tissues of the knee joint whose rapture is very prevalent. ACL reconstruction (ACLR) from a graft is a surgery which yields the best outcome. Taking into account the complicated nature of this operation and the high cost of experiments, finite element (FE) simulations can become a valuable tool for evaluating the surgery in a pre-clinical setting. The present study summarizes, for the first time, the current advancement in ACLR in both clinical and computational level. It also emphasizes on the material modeling and properties of the most popular grafts as well as modeling of different surgery techniques. It can be concluded that more effort is needed to be put toward more realistic simulation of the surgery, including also the use of two bundles for graft representation, graft pretension and artificial grafts. Furthermore, muscles and synovial fluid need to be included, while patellofemoral joint is an important bone that is rarely used. More realistic models are also required for soft tissues, as most articles used isotropic linear elastic models and springs. In summary, accurate and realistic FE analysis in conjunction with multidisciplinary collaboration could contribute to ACLR improvement provided that several important aspects are carefully considered.
Narcissism and mate retention behaviors: What strategies do narcissistic individuals use to maintain their romantic relationships?

The present studies examined the possibility that narcissistic admiration (assertive self-enhancement and self-promotion) and narcissistic rivalry (self-protection and self-defense) would have divergent associations with benefit-provisioning and cost-inflicting mate retention behaviors. Study 1 (N = 625) revealed that narcissistic admiration was associated with benefit-provisioning behaviors, whereas narcissistic rivalry was associated with cost-inflicting behaviors. Study 2 (N = 349) showed that narcissistic admiration was positively associated with cost-inflicting behaviors when levels of suspicious jealousy were relatively high. Study 3 (N = 373) revealed that both narcissistic admiration and narcissistic rivalry had positive indirect associations with cost-inflicting behaviors through the dominance-based orientation toward status. However, these aspects of narcissism had divergent indirect associations with cost-inflicting behaviors through the prestige-based orientation such that this indirect association was negative for narcissistic admiration but positive for narcissistic rivalry. These results demonstrate the similarities and important differences between narcissistic admiration and narcissistic rivalry with regard to the use of particular mate retention behaviors.
DigitalCommons@UNO DigitalCommons@UNO

Little is known about officer perceptions of body-worn cameras (BWCs), and whether perceptions change following implementation within their agencies. BWC deployment varies, with some agencies mandating officers to wear BWCs and others using volunteers. Researchers have yet to assess attitudinal differences between volunteers and mandated officers. This study addresses these gaps using data from an evaluation of BWCs in the Phoenix Police Department to examine officer perceptions of the utility of BWCs, perceptions of organizational justice, and support for using procedural justice. We use inverse propensity weighted difference-indifference models to examine changes in officer perceptions over time between randomly selected officers who were mandated to wear a BWC, BWC volunteers, officers who resisted BWCs, and control officers. We identified limited significant differences in perceptions of BWCs over time, though effect sizes suggest that BWC volunteers and mandated officers were more subdued in their expectations about BWCs at the posttest.
The Interplay Between the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Parathyroid Hormone

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is the regulatory system by which renin induces aldosterone production. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main effector substance of the RAAS. The RAAS regulates blood pressure and electrolyte balance by controlling blood volume and peripheral resistance. Excessive activation of the RAAS is an important factor in the onset of cardiovascular disease and the deterioration of this disease. The most common RAAS abnormality is primary aldosteronism (PA). Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a peptide secreted by the main cells of the parathyroid gland, which promotes elevated blood calcium (Ca2+) levels and decreased blood phosphorus (Pi) levels. Excessive secretion of PTH can cause primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Parathyroidism is highly prevalent in postmenopausal women and is often associated with secondary osteoporosis. PA and PHPT are common endocrine system diseases. However, studies have shown a link between the RAAS and PTH, indicating a positive relationship between them. In this review, we explore the complex bidirectional relationship between the RAAS and PTH. We also point out possible future treatment options for related diseases based on this relationship.