Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exponential convergence and H‐c multiquadric collocation method for partial differential equations

The radial basis function (RBF) collocation method uses global shape functions to interpolate and collocate the approximate solution of PDEs. It is a truly meshless method as compared to some of the so‐called meshless or element‐free finite element methods. For the multiquadric and Gaussian RBFs, there are two ways to make the solution converge—either by refining the mesh size h, or by increasing the shape parameter c. While the h‐scheme requires the increase of computational cost, the c‐scheme is performed without extra effort. In this paper we establish by numerical experiment the exponential error estimate ϵ ∼ O(λ√c̄h) where 0 < λ < 1. We also propose the use of residual error as an error indicator to optimize the selection of c. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 19: 571–594, 2003
The matter content of the jet in M87: evidence for an electron-positron jet

Recentobservationshave allowed the geom etry and kinem atics ofthe M 87 jet to be tightly constrained.W e com bine these constraintswith historicalVery Long Baseline Interferom etry (VLBI)resultsand thetheory ofsynchrotron self-absorbed radio cores in orderto investigate the physicalpropertiesofthe jet.O urresultsstrongly suggest thejetto bedom inated by an electron-positron (pair)plasm a.Although ourconserva-tiveconstraintscannotconclusively dism issan electron-proton plasm a,theviability of thissolution isextrem ely vulnerable to furthertightening ofVLBIsurface brightness lim its.The argum entspresented,coupled with future high-resolution m ulti-frequency VLBIstudiesofthe jetcore,willbe able to (cid:12)rm ly distinguish these two possibilities.
New Light on the Stellar Populations in I Zw 18: Deep Near-Infrared Imaging

We present deep JHK images of I Zw 18, the most metal deficient blue compact dwarf galaxy known, and analyze them in conjunction with archival Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 optical images. To investigate the stellar populations, we have divided the main body of I Zw 18 into eight regions and fitted the optical, near-infrared (NIR), and hybrid optical-NIR colors of these and the C component with evolutionary synthesis models. The composite best fit is obtained for an age for evolved stellar populations of ≳200 Myr; fits with an older age of ≳500 Myr are less likely but possible. Our data show no evidence for stellar populations in I Zw 18 older than this, although as much as 22% of the stellar mass in older stars (4% in J light) could remain undetected. The colors of the young and intermediate-age stellar populations are significantly affected by widespread and inhomogeneously distributed ionized gas and dust. Ionized gas emission is important in every region examined except the northwest star cluster. Extinction is significant in both the northwest and southeast clusters. Red H-K, B-H, and V-K colors are not reliable indicators of old stellar populations because ionized gas emission is also red in these colors. V-I, on the other hand, reliably separates stars from gas because the former are red (V-I ≥ 0.4) while the latter is blue (V-I ~ -0.4).
Photodynamic Therapy Is Effective Against

Fungal infections are increasing in prevalence worldwide. The paucity of available antifungal drug classes, combined with the increased occurrence of multidrug resistance in fungi, has led to new clinical challenges in the treatment of fungal infections. Candida auris is a recently emerged multidrug resistant human fungal pathogen that has become a worldwide public health threat. C. auris clinical isolates are often resistant to one or more antifungal drug classes, and thus, there is a high unmet medical need for the development of new therapeutic strategies effective against C. auris . Additionally, C. auris possesses several virulence traits, including the ability to form bio ﬁ lms, further contributing to its drug resistance, and complicating the treatment of C. auris infections. Here we assessed red, green, and blue visible lights alone and in combination with photosensitizing compounds for their ef ﬁ cacies against C. auris bio ﬁ lms. We found that (1) blue light inhibited and disrupted C. auris bio ﬁ lms on its own and that the addition of photosensitizing compounds improved its antibio ﬁ lm potential; (2) red light inhibited and disrupted C. auris bio ﬁ lms, but only in combination with photosensitizing compounds; and (3) green light inhibited C. auris bio ﬁ lms in combination with photosensitizing compounds, but had no effects on disrupting C. auris bio ﬁ lms. Taken together, our ﬁ ndings suggest that photodynamic therapy could be an effective non-drug therapeutic strategy against multidrug resistant C. auris bio ﬁ lm infections. therapy, photosensitizing compounds, reactive oxygen (ROS), non-drug strategies,
Recognition of M-type stars in the unclassified spectra of LAMOST DR5 using a hash-learning method

Our study aims to recognize M-type stars which are classified as ‘UNKNOWN’ due to poor quality in the Large sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) DR5 V1. A binary nonlinear hashing algorithm based on Multi-Layer Pseudo-Inverse Learning (ML-PIL) is proposed to effectively learn spectral features for M-type-star detection, which can overcome the bad fitting problem of template matching, particularly for low S/N spectra. The key steps and the performance of the search scheme are presented. A positive data set is obtained by clustering the existing M-type spectra to train the ML-PIL networks. By employing this new method, we find 11 410 M-type spectra out of 642 178 ‘UNKNOWN’ spectra, and provide a supplemental catalogue. Both the supplemental objects and released M-type stars in DR5 V1 are composed of a whole M-type sample, which will be released in the official DR5 to the public in June 2019. All the M-type stars in the data set are classified as giants and dwarfs by two suggested separators: (1) a colour diagram of H versus J − K from 2MASS, (2) line indices CaOH versus CaH1, and the separation is validated with the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (HRD) derived from Gaia DR2. The magnetic activities and kinematics of M dwarfs are also provided with the equivalent width (EW) of the Hα emission line and the astrometric data from Gaia DR2 respectively.
On the episodic excursions of massive protostars in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram

Massive protostars grow and evolve under the effect of rapid accretion of circumstellar gas and dust, falling at high rates ($\ge 10^{-4}$-$10^{-3}\, \rm M_{\odot}\, \rm yr^{-1}$). This mass infall has been shown, both numerically and observationally, to be episodically interspersed by accretion of dense gaseous clumps migrating through the circumstellar disc to the protostellar surface, causing sudden accretion and luminous bursts. Using numerical gravito-radiation-hydrodynamics and stellar evolution calculations, we demonstrate that, in addition to the known bloating of massive protostars, variable episodic accretion further influences their evolutionary tracks of massive young stellar objects (MYSOs). For each accretion-driven flare, they experience rapid excursions toward more luminous, but colder regions of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. During these excursions, which can occur up to the end of the pre-main-sequence evolution, the photosphere of massive protostars can episodically release much less energetic photons and MYSOs surreptitiously adopt the same spectral type as evolved massive (supergiants) stars. Each of these evolutionary loop brings the young high-mass stars close to the forbidden Hayashi region and might make their surrounding H II regions occasionally fainter, before they recover their quiescent, pre-burst surface properties. We interpret such cold, intermittent pre-main-sequence stellar evolutionary excursions and the dipping variability of HII regions as the signature of the presence of a fragmenting circumstellar accretion disc surrounding the MYSOs. We conjecture that this mechanism might equivalently affect young stars in the intermediate-mass regime.
Band connectivity for topological quantum chemistry: Band structures as a graph theory problem

The conventional theory of solids is well suited to describing band structures locally near isolated points in momentum space, but struggles to capture the full, global picture necessary for understanding topological phenomena. In part of a recent paper [B. Bradlyn et al., Nature 547, 298 (2017)], we have introduced the way to overcome this difficulty by formulating the problem of sewing together many disconnected local "k-dot-p" band structures across the Brillouin zone in terms of graph theory. In the current manuscript we give the details of our full theoretical construction. We show that crystal symmetries strongly constrain the allowed connectivities of energy bands, and we employ graph-theoretic techniques such as graph connectivity to enumerate all the solutions to these constraints. The tools of graph theory allow us to identify disconnected groups of bands in these solutions, and so identify topologically distinct insulating phases.
SiO Masers in the Galactic Bulge and Disk: Kinematics from the BAaDE Survey

We present the first results from the Bulge Asymmetries and Dynamic Evolution (BAaDE) survey. Though only a subset of the complete survey (∼2700 out of ∼20,000 final sources), our data comprise the largest radio kinematic survey to date of stellar SiO masers observed toward the Galactic bulge and plane from −15° < l < +12° and −6° < b < +6°. Our sources include a substantial number of line-of-sight velocities in high extinction regions within ±1° of the Galactic plane. When matched with 2MASS photometry, our radio-detected sample lies significantly brighter than and redward of the first red giant branch tip, reaching extremes of (J − Ks)0 > 8, colors consistent with Mira variables and mass-losing AGB stars. We see a clean division into two kinematic populations: a kinematically cold (σ ∼ 50 km s−1) population that we propose is in the foreground disk, consisting of giants with 2MASS Ks < 5.5, and a kinematically hot (σ ∼ 100 km s−1) candidate bulge/bar population for most giants with Ks > 5.5. Only the kinematically hot giants with Ks > 5.5 include the reddest stars. Adopting 8.3 kpc to the Galactic center, and correcting for foreground extinction, we find that most of the sources have Mbol ∼ −5, consistent with their being luminous and possibly intermediate-age AGB stars. We note some tension between the possible intermediate age of the kinematically hot population, and its high-velocity dispersion compared to the disk.
Human Cytochrome P450 21A2, the Major Steroid 21-Hydroxylase STRUCTURE OF THE ENZYME (cid:2) PROGESTERONE SUBSTRATE COMPLEX AND RATE-LIMITING C–H BOND CLEAVAGE *

Background: P45021A2catalyzes21-hydroxylationofbothprogesteroneand17 (cid:2) -hydroxyprogesterone,animportantstep in adrenal steroidogenesis. Results: A crystal structure of human P450 21A2 with progesterone can explain many functional variants. Conclusion: High kinetic deuterium isotope effects show the importance of a closely spaced site for C21 hydrogen abstraction. Significance: The structure provides insight into enzyme deficiencies in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
to the 1 growing fetus 2

Previous studies suggest that the placental supply of nutrients to the fetus adapts according to fetal 33 demand. However, the signaling events underlying placental adaptations remain largely unknown. Earlier 34 work in mice has revealed that loss of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110α impairs feto-placental growth 35 but placental nutrient supply is adaptively increased. Here we explore the role of p110α in the epiblast- 36 derived (fetal) and trophoblast lineages of the conceptus in relation to feto-placental growth and placental 37 development and transfer function. Using conditional gene manipulations to knock-down p110α either by 38 ~50% or ~100% in the fetal lineages and/or trophoblast, this study shows that p110α in the fetus is 39 essential for prenatal development and a major regulator of placental phenotype in mice. Complete loss of 40 fetal p110α caused embryonic death, whilst heterozygous loss resulted in fetal growth restriction and 41 impaired placental formation and nutrient transport. Loss of trophoblast p110α also resulted in abnormal 42 placental development, although fetuses were viable. However, in response to complete loss of 43 trophoblast p110α, the placenta failed to transport sufficient amino acid to match fetal demands for 44 growth. Using RNA-seq, we identified several genes downstream of p110α in the trophoblast that are 45 important in adapting placental phenotype to support fetal growth. Further work using CRISPR/Cas9 46 genome targeting showed that loss of p110α differentially affects the expression of genes in trophoblast 47 and embryonic stem cells. Our findings thus reveal important, but distinct roles for p110α signaling in the
The influence of the pilates method on the quality of life of its practitioners: a systematic review

Created by Joseph Pilates in the 1920s, the Pilates Method (PM) uses exercises aiming to improve physical health and mental balance. The present work objective was to verify, through a systematic literature review without delineating languages and dates, the influence of PM on the quality of life (QoL) of its practitioners. Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were consulted. The articles were independently selected by two researchers, who also conducted the risk of bias assessment of the included articles. Were identified 2489 articles on the databases, of which 30 were included in the study synthesis. The practice of PM improves the QoL of its practitioners, providing enhanced functional capacity, pain relief, and improvement of emotional aspects in individuals of both sexes, different age groups, and different clinical contexts.
An Anatomy of Nepal's Remarkable Export Decline

This paper documents and breaks down a remarkable decline in Nepal’s exports over the 2000-2019 period. This decline is due to a collapse in the country’s top export products and is largely uniform across destinations and products. Furthermore, it is not on account of the poor global performance of the sectors Nepal was specialized in but is something more speciﬁc to Nepal. Industry-level statistics show that gross output increased in major exporting industries while value-added grew slower or declined. The increase in gross output together with the decline in exports implies a movement towards producing for domestic consumption using more imported inputs. These patterns are consistent with the expected eﬀects of the surge in remittances Nepal experienced over this time period. Remittances would cause the economy to transition towards domestic consumption and re-orient domestic production accordingly. F14, F24, O24, O25, O53
Autoantibodies to DSC3 in Pemphigus Exclusively Recognize Calcium-Dependent Epitope in Extracellular Domain 2

Pemphigus is a group of autoimmune bullous diseases characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against adhesion molecules, desmogleins, and desmocollins (DSCs). The pathogenicity of anti-DSC3 antibodies in pemphigus has been demonstrated; however, its characteristics have not yet been elucidated. We aimed to analyze the characteristics of anti-DSC3 antibodies using DSC3 domain ‒ swapped desmoglein 2 molecules in which the prosequence and ﬁve extracellular (EC) domains of desmoglein 2 were replaced with the corresponding domains of human DSC3. Using these proteins, we established an ELISA and analyzed sera from 56 patients with pemphigus. In 34 pemphigus sera positive for DSC3 full-EC domains, 15 sera (44.1%) were positive for EC2 domain, whereas other domains were rarely positive. We assessed the reactivity to a calcium-dependent epitope in DSC3 by ELISA with EDTA. The reactivity with the EC2 domain was mostly compro-mised in the presence of EDTA. In the in vitro assay, IgG from patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus preadsorbed with EC2 prevented both reduction of DSC3 and keratinocyte dissociation as compared with that with EDTA-treated EC2. This study revealed a predominant recognition of calcium-dependent epitopes in EC2 domain by anti-DSC3 antibodies and its pathogenicity on keratinocyte adhesion through DSC3 depletion.
Fear of Missing Out and Social Curiosity as Predictors of Social Media Addiction in

The current study was carried out to examine the effect of fear of missing out and social curiosity on social media addiction in young adults of Pakistan. A sample of N=405 individuals was approached through online survey due to lock down. It was a cross sectional research design and data was collected through convenient sampling technique. The individuals both men and women from age ranging between 15-30 were included in the study. Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs), Social Curiosity subscale of a five-dimensional Curiosity Scale and Social Media Addiction Scale were used to assess the study variables. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). The results revealed that fear of missing out and social curiosity positively predicted social media addiction. No significant statistical differences were observed in terms of gender and age groups.
Induction of Morphologic Differentiation of Endothelial Cells in Culture

Human endothelial cells when grown in cell culture assume a "cobblestone" morphology and do not form tubes or capil­ larylike structures. We have recendy identified a culture sub­ strate containing basement membrane-derived proteins that promotes morphologic differentiation of human umbilical vein and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells into c a p illarylike tubes. This differentiation is rapid, beg'inning within 1 h and is complete by 8 -12 h. On electron micros­ copy these cells form a lumen, derived from remodeling of
Impact of hemophilia on health-related quality of life of patients accompanied by the blood center of Alagoas

Quality of life is a critical aspect in the therapeutic plan of any patient, especially those who suffer from chronic diseases, such as hemophilia. Thus, this study aimed to assess the quality of life in patients with hemophilia treated by the Blood Center of Alagoas and describe the demographic and socioeconomic profile. 50 individuals were enrolled in the study, being over 18 years old and with hemophilia treated by the Association and the Blood Center of Alagoas. Data collection was carried out through interviews using two questionnaires: one on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and the other on health-related quality of life (Haem-A-QoL). Of this total, 100% were male, most aged between 20 and 40 years (80%), single (62%), living in the interior of Alagoas (58%), retired (56%), beneficiaries of retirement due to hemophilia complications (60%), with personal income in the last month of up to one minimum wage (78%) and without a private health plan (86%). The mean of the total Haem-A-QoL score was 40.08 (ranging from 0-96.46), with the worst performance in the domains “sports and leisure” (mean of 55.52) and “physical health” (mean of 50.16), and the best performance in the domain “partnership and sexuality” (mean of 17.48). In general, the hemophiliacs in the center studied reported good health-related quality of life. The Brazilian version of Haem-A-QoL proved to be a reliable instrument, with good internal consistency, revealing some problems faced by hemophiliacs that impact on HRQoL. ABSTRACT
Two thresholds of a batch arrival queueing system under modified T vacation policy with startup and closedown

This paper studies the operating characteristics of the variant of an M[x]/G/1 vacation queue with startup and closedown times. After all the customers are served in the system exhaustively, the server shuts down (deactivates) by a closedown time, and then takes at most J vacations of constant time length T repeatedly until at least one customer is found waiting in the queue upon returning from a vacation. If at least one customer is present in the system when the server returns from a vacation, then the server reactivates and requires a startup time before providing the service. On the other hand, if no customers arrive by the end of the J th vacation, the server remains dormant in the system until at least one customer arrives. We will call the vacation policy modified T vacation policy. We derive the steady‐state probability distribution of the system size and the queue waiting time. Other system characteristics are also investigated. The long‐run average cost function per unit time is developed to determine the suitable thresholds of T and J that yield a minimum cost. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monetary and Financial Tax Interventions in Liquidity Traps (cid:3)

We characterize the joint optimal conduct of unconventional monetary and (cid:133)nancial tax policies in a New Keynesian model wherein endogenous supply-side (cid:133)nancial frictions generate in(cid:135)ationary credit spreads. Cost-push borrowing costs and private asset taxes substantially alter the transmission of optimal monetary policy under both discretion and commitment. State-contingent asset tax regimes remove the zero lower bound restriction on the nominal policy rate, thus minimizing output and price (cid:135)uctuations following both supply-driven and demand-driven liquidity traps. Discretionary and commitment policies with (cid:133)nancial taxation deliver virtually equivalent welfare gains, and invalidate calls for time-inconsistent forward guidance strategies. We show that a tax on deposits stands out as a natural policy tool to address the ine¢ ciencies associated with liquidity traps instigated by de(cid:135)ationary shocks. In fact, the results following both supply and demand shocks suggest that central banks can signi(cid:133)cantly limit the time-inconsistency involved with commitment interest rate and (cid:133)nancial policies once the asset tax instrument is e⁄ectively utilized.
Two-micron line emission from the H II region G 333.6 – 0.2

Spectrophotometry of the H II region G 333.6-0.2 with a resolution of approximately 100 shows strong emission lines of hydrogen and helium superimposed on a continuum. Spatial variations in the equivalent widths of the lines suggest the presence of very hot (at least 600 K) dust grains within the region. The shape of this very powerful H II region indicates that its dense ionized core is being continuously replenished from a reservoir of neutral gas.
Role of semicore states in the electronic structure of group-III nitrides: An exact exchange study

The band structure of the zinc-blende phase of AlN, GaN, and InN is calculated employing the exactexchange EXX Kohn-Sham density-functional theory and a pseudopotential plane-wave approach. The cation semicore d-electrons are treated both as valence and as core states. The EXX band gaps of AlN and GaN obtained with the Ga 3d electrons included as core states are in excellent agreement with previous EXX results, GW calculations, and experiment. Inclusion of the semicore d-electrons as valence states leads to a large reduction in the EXX band gaps of GaN and InN. Contrary to common belief, the removal of the self-interaction, by the EXX approach, does not account for the large disagreement for the position of the semicore d electrons between the LDA results and experiment.