Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Relevance of PDL1 and CA19-9 Expression in Gallbladder Cancer vs. Inflammatory Lesions

Chronic inflammation in the gallbladder leading to persistent epithelium damage promotes invasive cancer. The study aimed to assess the prognostic value of PDL1 and CA19-9 markers in cancer/inflammatory lesions of the gallbladder. A total of 29 cases (19 cancer and 10 inflammatory) were included. The PDL1 protein concentration level and mRNA expression were assessed in the tissues’ lysates by ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. PDL1 and CA19-9 concentration levels were compared and statistically related with clinico-pathological variables. The PDL1 protein level and its relative mRNA expression were correlated. Kaplan–Meir survival and Cox regression analyses were conducted for predicting prognosis. This study investigated the PDL1 and CA19-9 marker expression in both cancer and inflammatory cases of the gallbladder (p = 0.48 and p = 0.17 respectively). PDL1 protein expression was significantly associated with the hormonal profile of the cases (p = 0.04) at an optimum cut-off value of 13 pg/mL, while the CA19-9 marker expression was correlated with the status of liver metastasis (p = 0.0043) and size of the tumor (p = 0.004). A low PDL1 concentration was found when compared to the CA19-9 level among cancer cases (p = 0.12) and proportional in the inflammatory lesions (p = 0.63). A significant positive correlation was found between the PDL1 protein and its relative mRNA expressions in the inflammatory lesions (p = 0.029) when compared to cancer cases (p = 0.069). Our results showed that a protein-based assay for PDL1 expression would be more sensitive compared to RNA based assays for GBC risk stratifications. Overall survival was predicted with CA19-9 and PDL1 levels (p = 0.0074, p = 0.23, respectively). PDL1 and CA19-9 may act as a probable predictor of a poor prognosis in gallbladder cancer (GBC) cases.
Towards Automated Monitoring Of Glacial Lakes In Hindu Kush And Himalayas Using Deep Learning

A glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) is typically a natural phenomenon caused by rapid discharge of water from a glacier, leading to a flood. The frequency of GLOFs has increased significantly in the northern areas of Pakistan, which demands identification and continuous monitoring of potentially dangerous glacial lakes. In this paper, an up-to-date inventory of glacial lakes in this region is presented. This inventory (HKH-PK-2020) has been prepared using high resolution PlanetScope imagery acquired in 2020 over northern Pakistan. It contains a total of 8808 lakes. We compare our database with the High Mountain Asia (HMA) glacial lakes inventory over northern Pakistan, prepared in 2018 using Landsat imagery. The new inventory contains 6537 more glacial lakes than the HMA inventory. Furthermore, we have prepared an annotated dataset containing 3525 images (of high resolution PlanetScope imagery over a selected number of lakes from the inventory). Each image comprises 4 bands, namely red, green, blue, and near infrared. The annotations are binary: lake or background. Finally, we have performed an ablation study with two encoder-decoder based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on this dataset for pixel-based classification. Our results show an intersection over union (IoU) score of 72.81% for the lake class, which is a promising first result indicating a use of deep learning for automated inventory updates in future.
Continuous tracking of coronal outflows : Two kinds of coronal mass ejections

We have developed a new technique for tracking white-light coronal intensity features and have used this technique to construct continuous height/time maps of coronal ejecta as they move outward through the 2–30 Rs field of view of the Large-Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft. Displayed as gray-scale images, these height/time maps provide continuous histories of the motions along selected radial paths in the corona and reveal a variety of accelerating and decelerating features, including two principal types of coronal mass ejections (CMEs): (1) Gradual CMEs, apparently formed when prominences and their cavities rise up from below coronal streamers: When seen broadside, these events acquire balloon-like shapes containing central cores, and their leading edges accelerate gradually to speeds in the range 400–600 km/s before leaving the 2–30 Rs field of view. The cores fall behind with speeds in the range 300–400 km/s. Seen along the line of sight, these events appear as smooth halos around the occulting disk, consistent with head-on views of optically thin bubbles stretched out from the Sun. At the relatively larger radial distances seen from this “head-on” perspective, gradually accelerating CMEs fade out sooner and seem to reach a constant speed more quickly than when seen broadside. Some suitably directed gradual CMEs are associated with interplanetary shocks and geomagnetic storms. (2) Impulsive CMEs, often associated with flares and Moreton waves on the visible disk: When seen broadside, these CMEs move uniformly across the 2–30 Rs field of view with speeds typically in excess of 750 km/s. At the relatively larger radial distances seen from a head-on perspective, impulsive events tend to have a more ragged structure than the gradual CMEs and show clear evidence of deceleration, sometimes reducing their speeds from 1000 to 500 km/s in 1 hour. Such decelerations are too large to represent ballistic motions in the Sun's gravitational field but might be caused by shock waves, sweeping up material far from the Sun.
Energy levels, lifetimes and branch fractions for Fe xi

We present transition energies, probabilities and branching ratios for the electric dipole allowed (E1) and forbidden (M1, E2, M2) lines of the 3s23p4, 3s3p5 and 3s23p33d configurations of Fe xi. Large-scale multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock wavefunctions are applied to include the effects of relativity, correlation and rearrangement of the electron density consistently within the same (computational) model. From the transition probabilities, lifetimes of the 46 lowest-lying excited levels are derived, and the prospects for experimental verification are discussed. An M2 transition is identified in the solar extreme ultraviolet spectrum.
Accelerated Adaptive Laboratory Evolution by Automated Repeated Batch Processes in Parallelized Bioreactors

Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) is a valuable complementary tool for modern strain development. Insights from ALE experiments enable the improvement of microbial cell factories regarding the growth rate and substrate utilization, among others. Most ALE experiments are conducted by serial passaging, a method that involves large amounts of repetitive manual labor and comes with inherent experimental design flaws. The acquisition of meaningful and reliable process data is a burdensome task and is often undervalued and neglected, but also unfeasible in shake flask experiments due to technical limitations. Some of these limitations are alleviated by emerging automated ALE methods on the μL and mL scale. A novel approach to conducting ALE experiments is described that is faster and more efficient than previously used methods. The conventional shake flask approach was translated to a parallelized, L scale stirred-tank bioreactor system that runs controlled, automated, repeated batch processes. The method was validated with a growth optimization experiment of E. coli K-12 MG1655 grown with glycerol minimal media as a benchmark. Off-gas analysis enables the continuous estimation of the biomass concentration and growth rate using a black-box model based on first principles (soft sensor). The proposed method led to the same stable growth rates of E. coli with the non-native carbon source glycerol 9.4 times faster than the traditional manual approach with serial passaging in uncontrolled shake flasks and 3.6 times faster than an automated approach on the mL scale. Furthermore, it is shown that the cumulative number of cell divisions (CCD) alone is not a suitable timescale for measuring and comparing evolutionary progress.
Learning With Concept and Knowledge Maps: A Meta-Analysis

This meta-analysis reviews experimental and quasi-experimental studies in which students learned by constructing, modifying, or viewing node-link diagrams. Following an exhaustive search for studies meeting specified design criteria, 67 standardized mean difference effect sizes were extracted from 55 studies involving 5,818 participants. Students at levels ranging from Grade 4 to postsecondary used concept maps to learn in domains such as science, psychology, statistics, and nursing. Posttests measured recall and transfer. Across several instructional conditions, settings, and methodological features, the use of concept maps was associated with increased knowledge retention. Mean effect sizes varied from small to large depending on how concept maps were used and on the type of comparison treatment. Significant heterogeneity was found in most subsets.
Predictability of Rotating Stratified Turbulence

Abstract Although predictability represents one of the fundamental problems in atmospheric science, gaps in our knowledge remain. Theoretical understanding of the inverse error cascade is limited mostly to homogeneous, isotropic turbulence, whereas numerical simulations have focused on highly complex numerical weather prediction models. These results cannot be easily reconciled. This paper describes selected aspects of the predictability behavior of rotating stratified turbulence. The objective is to determine how the predictability varies with scale when the dynamics are more realistic than the idealized models that underlie the classical picture of predictability and yet are free of the parameterizations that complicate interpretation of NWP models. Using a numerical model of the nonhydrostatic Boussinesq equations, it is shown that the predictability decay, as diagnosed by the relative error, is slower for subsynoptic flow. The dependence on the deformation radius, differences between balanced and unba.
C1-stably shadowable chain components

Abstract Let p be a hyperbolic periodic saddle of a diffeomorphism f on a closed $C^\infty $ manifold M, and let Cf(p) be the chain component of f containing p. In this paper, we show that if Cf(p) is C1-stably shadowable, then (i) Cf(p) is the homoclinic class of p and admits a dominated splitting $E \oplus F$ (where the dimension of E is equal to that of the stable eigenspace of p); (ii) the Cf(p)-germ of f is expansive if and only if Cf(p) is hyperbolic; and (iii) when M is a surface, Cf(p) is locally maximal if and only if Cf (p) is hyperbolic.
Duration sensation of the simulated environmental noise in relation to its auto-correlation function

This is the report of an investigation into the sensation of the duration of environmental noise simulated by mixing a pure tone (1 kHz) with white noise. In paired-comparison tests five subjects judged whether simulated-environmental-noise stimuli were longer or shorter than a standard pure-tone stimulus with the same sound pressure level and rise-fall time. In experiment I, the attenuation level (o m ) of the envelope of the normalized autocorrelation function (ACF), i.e., the repetition of similar features in the stimulus, was varied by changing the relative amplitude of the pure tone and white-noise components. Results show that the sensation of duration of the white-noise stimulus with a small value of o m is significantly (p < 0.05) longer than a pure-tone stimulus with a higher value of o m Results of experiment 2 showed that the duration of pure-tone stimuli with lower frequencies as presented by the τ 1 extracted from the ACF are perceived as being longer (p < 0.01) than those of pure-tone stimuli with higher frequencies.
Modern Statistics for Spatial Point Processes *

Abstract. We summarize and discuss the current state of spatial point process theory and directions for future research, making an analogy with generalized linear models and random effect models, and illustrating the theory with various examples of applications. In particular, we consider Poisson, Gibbs and Cox process models, diagnostic tools and model checking, Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms, computational methods for likelihood‐based inference, and quick non‐likelihood approaches to inference.
Quantitative assessment of strain hardening of low-density polyethylene melts by the molecular stress function model

The elongational viscosity of three tubular and five autoclave low-density polyethylene (LDPE) melts is analyzed, and quantitative comparison of the strain-hardening characteristics is made by using the molecular stress function model. This is based on a new strain-energy function, which assumes that the total strain energy of a branched section of a macromolecule is given by the addition of the strain energies of the individual chain segments contained in this section. The model employs only two nonlinear material parameters: one parameter describes the average number of crosslinked chain segments, which occupy the same tube section, and determines the slope of the elongational viscosity after inception of strain hardening. The second parameter indicates the maximum relative stretch of the chain segments and determines the steady-state (plateau) value of the elongational viscosity. Both parameters depend on the complex branching topology of LDPE melts. While quantitative relationships between branching structure and the two nonlinear parameters are not yet available, the results of this comparison seem to indicate that the more tree-like structure of autoclave LDPE leads to a higher density of crosslinked chain segments in the same tube section than in the case of LDPE polymerized in tubular reactors.
EXTREMALITY OF MONOSPLINES OF MINIMAL DEFICIENCY

Let be the set of monosplines that satisfy where , and are subsets of , is the number of elements in , is the subset of elements of for which , (), and and are the corresponding sets of periodic monosplines. It was shown that the monosplines that have the smallest -norms in and belong to and , respectively. Some theorems are also obtained on snakes for monosplines. Bibliography: 37 titles.
Electrophoretic Motion of Hydrophobic Spherical Particles in Nanopore: Characteristics, Separation, and Resistive Pulse Sensing

The electrophoretic motion of hydrophobic particles has been scrutinized numerically in solid-state nanopores. The Poisson, the Stokes, and the Nernst-Plank equations are solved simultaneously, and the Newton-Raphson algorithm is used to compute the correct velocity at each point. For the hydrophobic surface characterization, the Navier-slip boundary condition with a wide range of slip lengths is applied on the nanoparticle's surface. The effects of the electric field intensity, the concentration, and the particle's size on the electrophoretic velocity are examined. Then, the nanopore's size and surface charge density are manipulated to achieve the configuration for separating hydrophobic and hydrophilic particles based on their slip lengths. The results show that the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic particles, under particular circumstances, would move in the opposite direction in a nanopore. Finally, the resistive pulses of the particles with various slip lengths are studied. The resistive pulse properties of the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic particles are completely distinguishable and show the potential application for resistive pulse sensing as a tool for reckoning the particle's slip length.
Symmetry breaking interactions for the time dependent Schrödinger equation

A systematic study of the symmetry porperties of the Schrodinger equation uxx + iut = F (x,t,u,u*) is performed. The free particle equation (for F=0) is known to be invariant under the six‐dimensional Schrodinger group S1. In this paper we find all continuous subgroups of S1 and for each subgroup we construct the most general interaction term F (x,t,u,u*), reducing the symmetry group of the equation from S1 to the considered subgroup. Since we allow for an arbitrary dependence of F on the wavefunction u (and its complex conjugate u*) the considered Schrodinger equation is in general a nonlinear one [the ordinary Schrodinger equation with a time dependent potential is recovered if F (x,t,u,u*) =uG (x,t)]. For each symmetry breaking interaction F the remaining symmetry group is used to obtain special solutions of the equations or at least to separate variables in the equation and to obtain some properties of the solutions.
Mother-Child Bond through Feeding: A Prospective Study including Neuroticism, Pregnancy Worries and Post-Traumatic Symptomatology

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common postpartum problem and influences maternal bonding with the infant. However, the relationship between this disorder, maternal personality, and the infant’s emotional state during feeding is not clear. The aim of the present study was to explore the contribution of neuroticism on the infant’s emotional state during feeding, by attending to the mediating role of postpartum PTSD (P-PTSD) symptoms and the moderating role of worries during pregnancy. A prospective design study was developed with 120 women with a low pregnancy risk. They responded to a questionnaire assessing maternal personality (first trimester), worries during pregnancy (third trimester), P-PTSD symptoms, and mother-baby bonding (4 months postpartum). The results showed a positive association among neuroticism, infant irritability during feeding, and P-PTSD symptoms, suggesting the latter plays a mediating role in the relationship between neuroticism and infant irritability (B = 0.102, standard error (SE) = 0.03, 95% coefficient interval (CI) [0.038, 0.176]). Excessive worries, related to coping with infant care, played a moderating role between neuroticism and P-PTSD symptoms (B = 0.413, SE = 0.084, p = 0.006, 95% CI [0.245, 0.581]). This relationship was interfered with by depressive symptoms in the first trimester (covariate) (B = 1.820, SE = 0.420, p = 0.016, ci [2.314, 0.251]). This study contributes to a better understanding of the role of neuroticism as an influential factor in the occurrence of P-PTSD symptoms, and in the impairment of infant bonding during feeding. Paying attention to these factors may favor the development of psychological support programs for mothers, with the aim of strengthening the bond with their child.
Seismic bearing capacity for strip footings above voids in cohesive-frictional soils

In this article, the seismic bearing capacity for strip footings above square voids in cohesive-frictional soils is presented. A numerical study is performed by using adaptive finite element limit analysis (AFELA), and the pseudostatic approach is employed to consider the earthquake loadings. Both the upper bound (UB) and lower bound (LB) of the seismic bearing capacity for the strip footing are obtained, along with the relative errors, which are found within 8% or less. The results are presented in the form of design tables and charts to be used by designers and practicing engineers. The effects of the location of the voids, the dimensionless strength ratio c/(γB), the soil internal friction angle ϕ, and the horizontal seismic coefficient kh on the seismic bearing capacity are examined. In addition, the failure mechanisms are also discussed, and comparisons with previous studies of static nature are conducted.
On Simultaneously Badly Approximable Numbers

For any pair i,j⩾ 0 with i+j=1 let Bad(i,j) denote the set of pairs (α,β) ∈ R2 for which max{‖qα‖1/i‖qβ|1/j}>c/q for all q ∈ N. Here c=c(α,β) is a positive constant. If i=0 the set Bad(0, 1) is identified with R×Bad where Bad is the set of badly approximable numbers. That is, Bad(0, 1) consists of pairs (α, β) with α ∈ R and β ∈ Bad If j=0 the roles of α and β are reversed. It is proved that the set Bad(1,0)∩Bad (0,1)∩ Bad(i,j) has Hausdorff dimension 2, that is, full dimension. The method easily generalizes to give analogous statements in higher dimensions.
Spin-Controlled Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

We discuss the concept of spin-controlled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and analyze it with respect to potential room-temperature applications in spin-optoelectronic devices. Spin-optoelectronics is based on the optical selection rules as they provide a direct connection between the spin polarization of the recombining carriers and the circular polarization of the emitted photons. By means of optical excitation and numerical simulations we show that spin-controlled VCSELs promise to have superior properties to conventional devices such as threshold reduction, spin control of the emission, or even much faster dynamics. Possible concepts for room-temperature electrical spin injection without large external magnetic fields are summarized, and the progress on the field of purely electrically pumped spin-VCSELs is reviewed.
Does TRODAT-1 SPECT Uptake Correlate with Cerebrospinal Fluid α-Synuclein Levels in Mid-Stage Parkinson’s Disease?

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons with impaired motor and non-motor symptoms. It has been suggested that motor asymmetry could be caused due to an imbalance in dopamine levels, as visualized by dopamine transporter single emission computed tomography test (DAT-SPECT), which might be related to indirect measures of neurodegeneration, evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and α-synuclein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Therefore, this study aimed to understand the correlation between disease laterality, DAT-SPECT, cognition, and α-synuclein levels in PD. Methods: A total of 28 patients in the moderate-advanced stage of PD were subjected to neurological evaluation, TRODAT-1-SPECT/CT imaging, MOCA, and quantification of the levels of α-synuclein. Results: We found that α-synuclein in the CSF was correlated with global cognition (positive correlation, r2 = 0.3, p = 0.05) and DAT-SPECT concentration in the putamen (positive correlation, r2 = 0.4, p = 0.005), and striatum (positive correlation, r2 = 0.2, p = 0.03), thus working as a neurodegenerative biomarker. No other correlations were found between DAT-SPECT, CSF α-synuclein, and cognition, thus suggesting that they may be lost with disease progression. Conclusions: Our data highlight the importance of understanding the dysfunction of the dopaminergic system in the basal ganglia and its complex interactions in modulating cognition.
Impaired, “easy prey” saved by the she-empowering state: official narratives of “Xinjiang women” in China’s “People’s War on Terror”

ABSTRACT Feminist approaches to international security have revealed persistent gendered stereotypes in the construction of women in contexts of political violence and terrorism, including the Global War on Terror. Acknowledging the parallelism with the United States-led enterprise in its endeavor to “save” a female population and re-posing one of the most significant questions in gender-informed security studies, this article asks “Where are the women in China’s ‘People’s War on Terror’ (PWoT)? ” It takes the idea of agency as pivotal in answering this question and investigates how the Chinese state has (im)mobilized, through concealment or deployment, the idea of and potential for agency when positioning Uyghur and other Turkic Muslim women in Xinjiang as specific subjects in the context of the PWoT. The article reveals the establishment of a gendered hierarchy of power in the Chinese counterterrorism playbook, one that fixes “Xinjiang women” as securitized and passive victims in need of rescuing by a state that continues to suppress their agency, despite official claims to the contrary.