Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Successive bifurcations in a fully three-dimensional open cavity flow

The transition to unsteadiness of a three-dimensional open cavity flow is investigated using the joint application of direct numerical simulations and fully three-dimensional linear stability analyses, providing a clear understanding of the first two bifurcations occurring in the flow. The first bifurcation is characterized by the emergence of Taylor–Görtler-like vortices resulting from a centrifugal instability of the primary vortex core. Further increasing the Reynolds number eventually triggers self-sustained periodic oscillations of the flow in the vicinity of the spanwise end walls of the cavity. This secondary instability causes the emergence of a new set of Taylor–Görtler vortices experiencing a spanwise drift directed toward the spanwise end walls of the cavity. While a two-dimensional stability analysis would fail to capture this secondary instability due to the neglect of the lateral walls, it is the first time to our knowledge that this drifting of the vortices can be entirely characterized by a three-dimensional linear stability analysis of the flow. Good agreements with experimental observations and measurements strongly support our claim that the initial stages of the transition to turbulence of three-dimensional open cavity flows are solely governed by modal instabilities.
Automatic Extraction of Road Networks by Using Teacher–Student Adaptive Structural Deep Belief Network and Its Application to Landslide Disaster

An adaptive structural learning method of restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) and deep belief network (DBN) has been developed as one of prominent deep learning models. The neuron generation–annihilation algorithm in RBM and layer generation algorithm in DBN make an optimal network structure for given input during the learning. In this article, our model is applied to an automatic recognition method of road network system, called RoadTracer. RoadTracer can generate a road map on the ground surface from aerial photograph data. A novel method of RoadTracer using the teacher–student-based ensemble learning model of adaptive DBN is proposed, since the road maps contain many complicated features so that a model with high representation power to detect should be required. The experimental results showed the detection accuracy of the proposed model was improved from 40.0% to 89.0% on average in the seven major cities among the test dataset. In addition, we challenged to apply our method to the detection of available roads when landslide by natural disaster is occurred, in order to rapidly obtain a way of transportation. For fast inference, a small size of the trained model was implemented on a small embedded edge device as lightweight deep learning. We reported the detection results for the satellite image before and after the rainfall disaster in Japan.
Oxidation of Cathepsin D by Hydroxy Radical: Its Effect on Enzyme Structure and Activity against Myofibrillar Proteins Extracted from Coregonus peled

In this study, cathepsin D was oxidized in vitro with different concentrations of H2O2, and the activity, structure, and extent of myofibrillar protein degradation by oxidized cathepsin D were evaluated. The sulfhydryl content of cathepsin D decreased to 9.20% after oxidation, while the carbonyl content increased to 100.06%. The β-sheet in the secondary structure altered due to oxidation as well. The changes in the intrinsic fluorescence and UV absorption spectra indicated that oxidation could cause swelling and aggregation of cathepsin D molecules. The structure of cathepsin D could change its activity, and the activity was highest under 1 mM H2O2. Cathepsin D could degrade myofibrillar proteins in different treatment groups, and the degree of degradation is various. Therefore, this study could provide a scientific basis for the mechanism of interaction among hydroxyl radical oxidation, cathepsin D, and MP degradation.
Convergence and Efficiency of Adaptive MCMC

Convergence and Efficiency of Adaptive MCMC Jinyoung Yang Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Statistical Sciences University of Toronto 2016 Adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms attempt to ‘learn’ from the results of past iterations so the Markov chain can converge quicker. Unfortunately, adaptive MCMC algorithms are no longer Markovian, so their convergence is difficult to guarantee. The first part of this thesis approaches the problem via finite adaption. We develop new diagnostics to determine whether the adaption is still improving the convergence. We present an algorithm which automatically stops adapting once it determines further adaption will not increase the convergence speed. Our algorithm allows the computer to tune a ‘good’ Markov chain through multiple phases of adaption, and then run conventional non-adaptive MCMC. In this way, the efficiency gains of adaptive MCMC can be obtained while still ensuring convergence to the target distribution. The second part of the thesis proves convergence to stationarity of adaptive MCMC algorithms, assuming only simple easily-verifiable upper and lower bounds on transition densities. In particular, the transition and proposal densities are not required to be continuous, thus improving on the previous ergodicity results of Craiu et al. (2015). The third part of the thesis develops an adaptive algorithm which can locally adjust to an irregularly-shaped target distribution. When the target distribution of a Markov chain is irregularly shaped, a ‘good’ proposal distribution for one part of the state space might be a ‘poor’ one for another part of the state space. We consider a component-wise multiple-try
The Birth of a Vibrato

ibrato! Ah, sweet mystery of tonal life, we've found you. Only a generation ago, string players and teachers still explained in hushed tones that vibrato couldn't (or shouldn't) be taught, that it was much too personal a matter, and that (ahem! ) when you were far enough along, you would get one. Kind oflike puberty, I guess. But what an enlightened world we live in today! We now have more ways to teach vibrato than you can shake a stick at. And indeed, shaking a stick is itself one of those ways.
Cylindrically symmetric rotating crystals observed in crystallization process of InSiO film

ABSTRACT The Kikuchi bands arise from Bragg diffraction of incoherent electrons scattered within a crystalline specimen and can be observed in both the transmission and reflection modes of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Converging, rocking, or grazing incidence beams must be used to generate divergent electron sources to obtain the Kikuchi pattern. This paper report the observation of Kikuchi pattern from SEM images of an exceptional rotating crystal with continuous rotation in the local crystal direction and satisfying cylindrical symmetry, named a cylindrically symmetric rotating crystal. By retracing the Kikuchi line pattern, it is possible to obtain the lattice structure information of the presented sample from the conventional SEM images. SEM images of cylindrically symmetric rotating crystals reflect the interactions between electrons and the sample in both the real- and momentum-space. It is a very interesting and representative new case for the study of the contrast mechanism in SEM. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT IMPACT STATEMENT Unveiling a unique rotating crystal, the study expands the understanding of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) contrast mechanisms by simultaneously capturing real-space morphology and momentum-space lattice information in a single image.
What Else Can AI See in a Digital ECG?

The electrocardiogram (ECG), considered by some diagnosticians of cardiovascular diseases to be a slightly anachronistic tool, has acquired a completely new face and importance thanks to its three modern features: the digital form of recording, its very frequent use, and the possibility of processing thousands of records by artificial intelligence (AI). In this review of the literature on this subject from the first 3 months of 2023, the use of many types of software for extracting new information from the ECG is described. These include, among others, natural language processing, backpropagation neural network and convolutional neural network. AI tools of this type allow physicians to achieve high accuracy not only in ECG-based predictions of the patient’s age or sex but also of the abnormal structure of heart valves, abnormal electrical activity of the atria, distorted immune response after transplantation, good response to resynchronization therapy and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. The attractiveness of the presented results lies in the simplicity of the examination by the staff, relatively low costs and even the possibility of performing the examination remotely. The twelve studies presented here are just a fraction of the novelties that the current year will bring.
Treatment factors associated with viral suppression among adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Kenya

Background: There are approximately 99,159 adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus in Kenya, with a viral suppression rate of 67%, according to the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS in 2021 [1] . There are limited studies in Kenya on factors associated with viral load suppression among adolescents. The objectives of this study were to determine the treatment factors associated with viral suppression among adolescents on antiretroviral therapy. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 38,503 HIV-infected adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy for at least 6 months with a documented viral load result. The data was from routinely collected HIV program data in Kenya that is submitted from comprehensive care centers with electronic medical records to the National Aids and STI Control Program (NASCOP) for the period of January 2018–December 2022. Results: The study population was 38503 HIV-infected adolescents (10–19 years) on antiretroviral therapy. The viral suppression was at 81.2%. , higher than the 2021 UNAIDS estimate of 67%. low detectable levels were 88%, low level viremia was 12%, high-risk LLV was 38%, and suspected treatment failure as 62%. Virological suppression with integrase strand transfer inhibitors based regimens – Abacavir and Tenofovir was 81.6% and 86.4%, respectively. The suppression with protease inhibitors based regimens was 70% (highest) and 56.4% (Lowest) Conclusion: The viral suppression among adolescents on antiretroviral therapy was 81.2% lower than the UNAIDS 95/95/95 global target but higher than the 2021 UNAIDS estimate of 67%. There is a need to interrogate the viral suppression in adolescents on protease inhibitors.
Effect of the Standard Classics Exercise to React Quickly in Children Aged 8-9 Years.

The problem of developing children's coordination abilities is relevant and can be solved by using Classical exercises in physical education lessons at school. The study aimed to determine the standard classic exercise's effect on reacting quickly in children aged 8-9. The children in the control group were engaged in the usual school physical education program, and the children from the experimental group additionally performed a traditional exercise classic. All children were engaged in physical education for 40 minutes, 2 times a week; 72 physical education lessons were conducted in each class during the study period. The test "Touch the ball" determined the ability to react quickly. The Student's T-criterion was used in statistical processing. After the end of the pedagogical experiment, the indicators of children in the control group improved by 3.1% (p>0.05); the positive dynamics can be explained by a natural increase in coordination abilities at the age of 8-9 years and the effectiveness of using the standard physical education program in Russian schools. The indicators of children in the experimental group improved by 9.3% (p<0.05). Such results can be explained by the effectiveness of using exercise standard classics in physical education lessons at school. The indicators of reacting quickly will significantly improve if children aged 8-9 also perform standard exercise classics during physical education lessons at school.
A measure of leadership's spiritual intelligence from the perspectives of Brazilian and Portuguese workers

This paper aims to assess the psychometric quality of the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI), a scale adapted to measure leaders' spiritual intelligence (SI) from the perspective of Brazilian and Portuguese workers. This scale initially measures an individual's spiritual intelligence, and its adaptation opens up the opportunity to perceive the leader's SI from the point of view of his work team. In order to compare possible cultural differences, the research was carried out in hospital organizations in two countries: Brazil and Portugal. The Total sample is 434 workers. The statistical results indicate that the adapted SISRI is a reliable instrument that can measure the leader's spiritual intelligence. The four-factor structure is supported, as well as the construct´s invariance and convergence are maintained. As for cultural differences, it was observed that Brazilian workers have higher scores in the leader's total spiritual intelligence score, specifically in the Existential Critical Thinking (CET) and Awareness Expansion (CSE) dimensions.
Trends on Human Norovirus Virus-like Particles (HuNoV-VLPs) and Strategies for the Construction of Infectious Viral Clones toward In Vitro Replication

Most acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks and sporadic cases in developing countries are attributable to infection by human norovirus (HuNoV), the enteric virus mainly transmitted via fecal-contaminated water. However, it has been challenging to study HuNoV due to the lack of suitable systems to cultivate and replicate the virus, hindering the development of treatments and vaccines. Researchers have been using virus-like particles (VLPs) and infectious viral clones to overcome this challenge as alternatives to fresh virus isolates in various in vitro and ex vivo models. VLPs are multiprotein structures that mimic the wild-type virus but cannot replicate in host cells due to the lack of genetic materials for replication, limiting downstream analysis of the virus life cycle and pathogenesis. The development of in vitro cloning systems has shown promise for HuNoV replication studies. This review discusses the approaches for constructing HuNoV-VLPs and infectious viral clones, the techniques involved, and the challenges faced. It also highlights the relationship between viral genes and their protein products and provides a perspective on technical considerations for producing efficient HuNoV-VLPs and infectious viral clones, which could substitute for native human noroviruses in future studies.
Comparative Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties and Metabolites of Farinose and Crisp Lotus Roots (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) with Different Geographical Origins

Lotus roots are widely consumed vegetables because of their great taste and abundant nutrients, but their quality varies with the environments and cultivar. This study systematically compared farinose (Elian No. 5) and crisp (Elian No. 6) lotus root cultivars from three geographical origins. Pasting and texture characteristics verified that Elian No. 5 possessed lower hardness and lower ability to withstand shear stress and heating during cooking compared with Elian No. 6. Untargeted metabolite profiling was first performed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with a Zeno trap. In total, 188 metabolites were identified based on the matching chemistry database. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that lotus roots from different cultivars and origins could be adequately distinguished. Sixty-one differential metabolites were identified among three Elian No. 5 samples, and 28 were identified among three Elian No. 6 samples. Isoscopoletin, scopoletin, and paprazine were the most differential metabolites between Elian No. 5 and Elian No. 6. These results can inform future research on the discrimination and utilization of lotus roots.
Dynamics of SiO Masers around VX Sgr

We performed Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of SiO masers ( ) toward VX Sgr from 2006 July to 2008 August. With the application of a phase reference technique, the accurate relative positions of maser spots at the two transitions can be acquired. The relative positions enable us to obtain more matched masers in the same coordinate frame to better study the dynamics of the maser shell. We adopt two different methods to investigate the global motions of the maser shell, which is found to expand in a decelerated manner. At the beginning of this process, the decelerative force can be interpreted as a force dominated by the gravitational attraction of the star. However, in the later epochs, the deceleration has a smaller magnitude, suggesting that an outward force is combating the stellar gravity. In addition, we construct a model of a rotating and expanding maser shell. The consistency of the model and observations at the first two epochs suggests approximate Keplerian rotation of the shell with a period of 46.9 years. However, other explanations, such as an axisymmetric outflow, are also possible. We also find two matched maser spots with double-peak spectra moving at a velocity of 6.8 km s−1. The special spectra provide direct observational evidence that the motion of a maser spot reflects the real gas stream, rather than changes in physical conditions. Finally, the distance to VX Sgr is calculated to be 1.10 ± 0.11 kpc using a statistical parallax method. This value is within the range reported in the literature.
Images of the Body and Corporeality of Indigenous Australians at the Dawn of the 21st Century (Based on Bruce Chatwin’s Perspective and Selected Films)

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The research objective of this article is to examine what image of Indigenous Australians emerges from Bruce Chatwin’s well-known novel The Songlines (1987/2008) and selected films produced at the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries also dealing with Australian Aboriginal culture. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The analysis of the literary and cinematic work will be carried out here from an anthropological and postcolonial perspective, and is also part of a broadly defined somapoetics. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: In the first part, the author focuses on the way female and male characters are portrayed. In the second part, he analyses more complex portraits, those of artists, hunters, ‘actors’ and strong personalities, before concluding with the theme of death. RESEARCH RESULTS: When analysed, Chatwin’s novel appears to be a text with many omissions, presenting a selective image, marked by the author’s ethnocentrism and his insufficiently insightful approach to cultural differences. Earlier films also fail to portray these in a credible way. Later films, however, not only deepen the understanding of historical and contemporary conditions, but also give the floor to representatives of this oldest culture in the world. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The conclusions of the analysis of the material studied encourage a more critical reading of Chatwin’s novel. They also point to films depicting Indigenous Australians in a way that is free of postcolonial context, their different sensibilities and corporeality.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward COVID-19 prevention in Yemen: a community-based cross-sectional study

Background Pandemics, especially in fragile war-torn countries like Yemen, challenge their already strained health systems. Community adherence to pandemic prevention measures is necessary to curb the severity and spread of emerging pandemics – which is influenced by factors, such as people’s knowledge and attitudes toward the pandemic. No studies in Aden have been published on the communities’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward COVID-19 prevention to date. To understand adherence to pandemic prevention measures in contexts with fragile health systems, this study investigated KAP of Yemeni participants toward the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted face-to-face semi-structured questionnaires among 400 eligible participants whom were identified for participation in this study through systematic household sampling from eight districts in Aden, Yemen. Eligible participants were Yemeni community members who were ≥ 18 years, living for more than 10 years in Yemen, and were willing to voluntarily participate in the study. The questionnaire included questions surrounding the participants’ COVID-19 knowledge (e.g., awareness of spread and prevention), attitudes (e.g., willingness to accept the vaccine or other prevention measures), and prevention practices during the pandemic (e.g., mask wearing, social distancing, vaccine uptake). Total KAP scores were calculated. Univariate and bivariate statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 13 software. Results From January to May 2021 we conducted 400 questionnaires with Yemeni community members. The average age was 41.5 ± 14.5 years (range 18–86 years). The results demonstrated that the participants in this study had an intermediate knowledge (53%) and fair attitude (58%) scores. However, participants reported very poor COVID-19 prevention practices- with only 11% demonstrating these practices. Only 25% (100/400) practiced social distancing, 25% (98/400) wore a mask, and only 6% (27/400) of participants accepted (at least one dose of) the COVID-19 vaccine. Factors associated with increased knowledge were being male, married, and surprisingly those having a primary and middle school education levels (p < 0.05). Also participants who were diagnosed with COVID-19 or had a family member diagnosed with COVID-19 (vs. those not diagnosed OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.07–3.78, p < 0.05) were more likely to know that the vaccine protects against severe COVID-19 infection and were more likely to apply good practices such as accepting the vaccine (OR = 2.65, 95% CI 1.17–6.00, p < 0.05) compared to those who were not. Conclusion These findings raise awareness for the need of community-oriented education programs for COVID-19 which considers associated factors to improve the level of public knowledge, attitudes, and practices.
Can 18-Month-Olds Revise Attributed Beliefs?

Abstract Successful social interactions rely on flexibly tracking and revising others’ beliefs. These can be revised prospectively, new events leading to new beliefs, or retrospectively, when realizing that an attribution may have been incorrect. However, whether infants are capable of such belief revisions is an open question. We tested whether 18-month-olds can revise an attributed FB into a TB when they learn that a person may have witnessed an event that they initially thought she could not see. Infants first observed Experimenter 1 (E1) hiding two objects into two boxes. Then E1 left the room, and the locations of the objects were swapped. Infants then accompanied Experimenter 2 (E2) to the adjacent room. In the FB-revised-to-TB condition, infants observed E1 peeking into the experimental room through a one-way mirror, whereas in the FB-stays-FB condition, they observed E1 reading a book. After returning to the experimental room E1 requested an object by pointing to one of the boxes. In the FB-stays-FB condition, most infants chose the non-referred box, congruently with the agent’s FB. However, in the FB-revised-to-TB condition, most infants chose the other, referred box. Thus, 18-month-olds revised an already attributed FB after receiving evidence that this attribution might have been wrong.