Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
(gst-Pi) in breast carcinoma

Breast carcinoma is the most common cancer and cause of death among females worldwide, including Jordan. The risk factors for breast carcinoma are linked to DNA mutation and failure of DNA repair or detoxification systems. Identification of susceptibility factors that predispose individuals to breast carcinoma if they are exposed to particular environmental agents might give further insight into the etiology of this malignancy. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme family detoxifies carcinogenic compounds. Several genes that code for these enzymes are polymorphic, with particular genotypes previously shown to confer an increased carcinoma risk. The present study investigates GST-pi polymorphism in 100-tissue samples previously diagnosed as breast carcinoma, and in 48 non-cancer age-matched breast tissues, using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product. Among breast cancer cases, 58%, 40% and 2% were homozygous (Ile/Ile), heterozygous (Ile/Val) and homozygous (Val/Val) respectively. In the control group, 58%, 37.5% and 4.2% were homozygous (Ile/Ile), heterozygous (Ile/Val), and homozygous (Val/Val) respectively. Our results did not support the involvement of GST-pi gene polymorphism in susceptibility to breast carcinoma in the tested North Jordanian female population.
Watermelon landrace seedling establishment and field performance in response to differing water regimes

Wild watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an indigenous crop whose agronomic potential has not been well investigated in South Africa. However, the country has a significant amount of the crop’s germplasm in the form of landraces. Three local landraces of watermelon were compared for seedling establishment and production under controlled and dry land field conditions. The objective of the study was to determine watermelon landrace seedling establishment, plant growth and fruit production under controlled environment using different growth media (pine bark, sand and a mixture of pine bark and sand (1: 1 (v/v) and dry land field conditions in response to planting dates from September, 2008 to January, 2009. Results showed that seedling establishment was significantly affected by growth medium. Pine bark produced significantly at (P < 0.05) larger seedlings than the mixture or sand alone due to its capacity to hold water better than the other two media. Seedling production of wild watermelon did not improve significantly when the field capacity of the growing medium was increased above 50% suggesting potential drought tolerance for the crop. Early field planting was found to be associated with larger fruit size in spite of low soil water availability early in the season, another evidence for potential drought tolerance.
Effect of Dikes on Saltwater Intrusion Under Various Wind Conditions in the Changjiang Estuary

To improve navigation, the deep waterway project (DWP) was implemented in the North Passage of the Changjiang Estuary in 1998, which includes a deep channel and two dikes protecting it. By altering estuarine morphology, the DWP can affect saltwater intrusion and mixing, with implications for drinking water intake and supply. In this study, we employ a numerical model to study the influence of dikes of the DWP on saltwater intrusion in the estuary under the climatic and persistent strong northerly wind conditions that occurred in February 2014. The model results show that the dikes prevent the southward transport of relatively low‐salinity water at the mouth of the North Channel (NC) under climatic wind conditions, resulting in the weakening of saltwater intrusion and mixing in this channel. Under persistent strong northerly wind conditions, relatively high‐salinity water is transported southward to themouth of NC and blocked by the dikes causing a water level rise at the mouth of the NC. As a result, a large amount of high‐salinity water advected into the NC and then out to the sea from the South Chanel, forming a counterclockwise horizontal circulation. The salinity increases abnormally, but mixing decreases in the NC for no more salinity variance input with the implementation of the DWP. Overall, the DWP favors water intake for the reservoir in NC under climatic wind conditions and is unfavorable to water intake under persistent strong northerly winds (>9 m/s), which can lead to extremely severe saltwater intrusion. Plain Language Summary Coastal engineering projects such as channel deepening and dike installation always affect the length of saltwater intrusion in estuaries, but their effects may depend on the wind conditions. In this paper, we used a numerical model to explore the impacts of the dikes of the DWP on saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary under various wind conditions. Under climatic wind conditions, NC is occupied by freshwater for high discharge in the Changjiang Estuary. The dikes prevent the southward transport of relatively diluted low‐salinity water at the mouth of NC, resulting in an accumulation of diluted water and the weakening of saltwater intrusion and mixing in the NC. Under the strong north wind conditions, the salinity in the NC increases abnormally for the southward transport of high‐salinity water. Dikes blocked the southward transport and increased the landward water and salt transport in the NC. Although salinity increases in the NC with the implementation of the dikes, the salinity variance and mixing decrease. The influences of dikes on saltwater intrusion and mixing are different under climatic and strong north wind in the Changjiang Estuary.
Variational Quantum Linear Solver

Previously proposed quantum algorithms for solving linear systems of equations cannot be implemented in the near term due to the required circuit depth. Here, we propose a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm, called Variational Quantum Linear Solver (VQLS), for solving linear systems on near-term quantum computers. VQLS seeks to variationally prepare |x⟩ such that A|x⟩∝|b⟩. We derive an operationally meaningful termination condition for VQLS that allows one to guarantee that a desired solution precision ϵ is achieved. Specifically, we prove that C⩾ϵ2/κ2, where C is the VQLS cost function and κ is the condition number of A. We present efficient quantum circuits to estimate C, while providing evidence for the classical hardness of its estimation. Using Rigetti's quantum computer, we successfully implement VQLS up to a problem size of 1024×1024. Finally, we numerically solve non-trivial problems of size up to 250×250. For the specific examples that we consider, we heuristically find that the time complexity of VQLS scales efficiently in ϵ, κ, and the system size N.
Preparing for the higher education admission test: preparation practices and test takers’ achievement goal orientations

Abstract Of the many possible institutional and individual factors bearing on test preparation, one is how individuals go about choosing their achievement goals. Yet, the literature on the relationship between the two phenomena remains slim. The objectives of this study are twofold. First, it explores the range of test preparation practices exercised by test takers in preparing for the English module of the Higher Education Admission Test in Iran. Secondly, it investigates how individual goal orientations mediate test preparation. A goal orientations scale was translated, validated and administered to the participants, who were 357 test candidates, a convenience sample. The participants also completed a test preparation questionnaire with two underlying factors including desired and undesired test preparation practices. Descriptive statistics and paired samples t-tests revealed that preparation for the Higher Education Admission Test entailed a mix of both detrimental and beneficial practices, with the frequency of the former being significantly higher. It was also revealed that mastery goal orientations are associated with educationally defensible test preparation practices. Findings carry implications for testers, test preparation instructors and educational policy makers.
EVALUATION OF NEPHROPROTECTIVE AND DIURETIC EFFECTS OF PARSLEY AND TURMERIC HERBS ON GENTAMICIN NEPHROTOXIC RATS

The nephroprotective and diuretic effects of parsley leaves extract (PLE) and turmeric roots extract (TRE) were evaluated on gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxic rats. Forty two adult male rats were randomized into 6 groups of 7 rats each. Group 1 was negative control and group 2 was rendered nephrotoxic by intraperitoneal injection of GM (80 mg/kg) during last 10 days of the experiment. Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were pre-treated orally with PLE (100 and 200 mg/kg) and TRE (200 and 400 mg/kg) respectively for 6 weeks and intoxicated with GM. Blood and urine samples were collected for biochemical analyses. Kidneys were taken for estimating lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity and for histopathology. Results showed that GM induced nephrotoxicity characterized by alterations in serum and urine biochemical parameters, increased renal lipid peroxidation, decreased antioxidant capacity and incidence of renal tubular necrosis. Both extracts induced nephroprotective effect evident by significant decreases in serum urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase enzyme, sodium and potassium levels and renal malondialdehyde (MDA), but increased activity of antioxidant enzymes. The extracts also increased urine volume and urinary excretion of Na + and K + electrolytes, denoting a diuretic effect and mitigated renal tubular necrosis. The mechanisms of nephroprotective effect may be due to inhibition of tissue lipid peroxidation and enhancement of antioxidant activity. These results affirm the traditional use of parsley and turmeric for the prevention of kidney diseases and therefore they may be beneficial for patients suffering from kidney diseases and who on gentamicin therapy.
Food for Thought An overview of global research effort in fisheries science

We used bibliometric indicators to characterize recent (2010–2013) research activity in fisheries science with the objective of garnering insights into how this increased effort has been directed. Specifically, we provide an overview of the primary literature on fisheries research, includingwhich countries are the largest contributors (USA, China, Japan, Australia, Canada, andNorway), and an assessment of the citation impact of the research conducted by different countries. The countries with the highest impact were the UK, Norway, Germany, France, Canada, and Italy. We further assessed the research topics that aremost commonly studied and attempt to understandwhat drives that. During the past three decades, research appears tohave shifted froma focus on species-relatedquestions toprocesses.Ananalysis of howpublicationoutput is distributedat the level of fish species indicates that a small numberof species (e.g. Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, andAtlantic cod) account for adisproportionatevolumeof the total research effort. Interestingly, publication output is not correlated with the commercial importance of a species. Although fisheries management is purportedly based upon scientific research, our analysis reveals that hardly any research at all is conducted on several of the (commercially) most important species, at least as measured by articles appearing in international scientific journals.
Pyramidodinium atrofuscum gen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new marine sand‐dwelling coccoid dinoflagellate from tropical waters

A new marine sand‐dwelling coccoid dinoflagellate Pyramidodinium atrofuscum Horiguchi et Sukigara gen. et sp. nov. is described from Jellyfish Lake, Republic of Palau. The dinoflagellate alternates a non‐motile vegetative stage with a motile gymnodinioid stage within its life cycle. The non‐motile stage is dominant in the life cycle and the dinoflagellate reproduces itself by means of the production of two motile cells. The released motile cell swims only for a short period and is directly transformed into the non‐motile cell. The non‐motile cell is sessile, pyramidal in shape, with a single longitudinal ridge and a double transverse ridge. The surface of the cell wall is covered with many processes. The motile cell has a Gymnodinium‐like morphology, but no apical groove is present. An ultrastructural study revealed that the dinoflagellate possesses typical dinoflagellate organelles. Based on the unique morphology of the vegetative non‐motile stage, we propose a new genus Pyramidodinium for this dinoflagellate, with the type species Pyramidodinium atrofuscum Horiguchi et Sukigara, gen. et sp. nov.
Tipifarnib in recurrent, metastatic HRAS-mutant salivary gland cancer.

BACKGROUND To the authors' knowledge, there are no approved therapies for recurrent, metastatic (R/M) salivary gland carcinoma (SGC), but molecularly targeted therapies warrant ongoing investigation. In the current study, the authors have reported on the efficacy of tipifarnib in patients with aggressive HRAS-mutant, R/M SGC. METHODS The current prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter, international cohort study involved 8 centers and was conducted from May 2015 to June 2019. The median follow-up was 22 months (range, 6-55 months). Subjects with HRAS-mutant R/M SGC (any histology) and disease progression within the last 6 months were enrolled. Tipifarnib was dosed orally twice daily. The authors determined the objective response rate using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (version 1.1), duration of response, and molecular predictors of response. RESULTS A total of 13 patients with R/M SGC were enrolled; all had received prior systemic therapy (1-3 regimens). One objective response was observed; an additional 7 of 12 evaluable patients (58%) had stable disease as their best response with a median duration of 9 months (range, 3-14 months). Five of 7 patients had >10% tumor regression and 6 of 7 had stable disease lasting >6 months. Q61R was the most frequent activating HRAS mutation noted (7 of 13 patients; 54%), but gene variant and allele frequency did not correlate with outcomes. The median progression-free survival was 7 months (95% confidence interval, 5.9-10.1 months), and the median overall survival was 18 months (95% confidence interval, 9.6-22.4 months) with approximately 58.6% of patients alive at 1 year. Survival was similar regardless of HRAS mutant variant or co-occurring PIK3CA alterations. No participant discontinued treatment because of toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Tipifarnib resulted in modest clinical activity with a promising disease control rate among patients with HRAS-mutant, R/M SGC who developed disease progression within the last 6 months.
Physico-Chemical and Phytochemical Evaluation of Dendrobium macraei Roots

Present study was undertaken for development of physico-chemical parameters of Dendrobium macraei Lindl. , traditionally known as Jivanti a jeevana tonic that boost energy level of the body according to Ayurveda, belonging to family Orchidaceae. Study comprises physico-chemical, phytochemical evaluation to confirm purity and authenticity of Dendrobium macraei roots using standard methods. Results revealed the presence of carbohydrates, coumarins, alkaloids, phytosterols, flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the methanol extracts of Dendrobium macraei roots. This study will help for setting down pharmacopoeial standards in determining the quality and purity of Dendrobium macraei roots.
P OLYPLOIDY AND ANGIOSPERM DIVERSIFICATION 1

Polyploidy has long been recognized as a major force in angiosperm evolution. Recent genomic investigations not only indicate that polyploidy is ubiquitous among angiosperms, but also suggest several ancient genome-doubling events. These include ancient whole genome duplication (WGD) events in basal angiosperm lineages, as well as a proposed paleohexaploid event that may have occurred close to the eudicot divergence. However, there is currently no evidence for WGD in Amborella , the putative sister species to other extant angiosperms. The question is no longer “ What proportion of angiosperms are polyploid? ” , but “ How many episodes of polyploidy characterize any given lineage? ” New algorithms provide promise that ancestral genomes can be reconstructed for deep divergences (e.g., it may be possible to reconstruct the ancestral eudicot or even the ancestral angiosperm genome). Comparisons of diversifi cation rates suggest that genome doubling may have led to a dramatic increase in species richness in several angiosperm lineages, including Poaceae, Solanaceae, Fabaceae, and Brassicaceae. However, additional genomic studies are needed to pinpoint the exact phylogenetic placement of the ancient polyploidy events within these lineages and to determine when novel genes resulting from polyploidy have enabled adaptive radiations.
The effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on hippocampal ischemia/reperfusion injuries in rats

We focused on the, yet undescribed, therapy effect of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in hippocampal ischemia/reperfusion injuries, after bilateral clamping of the common carotid arteries in rats. The background is the proven therapy effect of BPC 157 in ischemia/reperfusion injuries in different tissues. Furthermore, there is the subsequent oxidative stress counteraction, particularly when given during reperfusion. The recovering effect it has on occluded vessels, results with activation of the alternative pathways, bypassing the occlusion in deep vein thrombosis. Finally, the BPC 157 therapy benefits with its proposed role as a novel mediator of Roberts’ cytoprotection and bidirectional effects in the gut‐brain axis.
STRUCTURE AND GENETIC VARIATION OF DIPLODIA MUTILA ON DECLINING ASHES (FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR) IN POLAND

This study encompassed 137 cultures of Diplodia mutila isolated from necrotic tissue of 3- to 20-year-old trees of Fraxinus excelsior with decline symptoms, originating from three geographic regions of Poland differing by climatic conditions. Fungus identification was conducted on the basis of morphological traits of cultures and confirmed by analysis of ribosomal DNA sequences. The structure and genetic variation of D. mutila populations was determined with the use of RAMS markers. Neighbor Joining analysis of ITS sequences of the examined isolates showed the greatest similarity to sequences of D. mutila isolated from F. excelsior and deposited in GenBank. Intra-population variation expressed by Dice coefficient and Shannon index was high and increased along with the shifting of a population’s location from mild climate (northern Poland) to more severe climate, characteristic for upland and mountainous areas (southern Poland). The mallest genetic distance was shown by pairs of populations close to one another, inside individual regions. AMOVA showed great share (91%) of genetic variation inside a population, whereas variation was very small between populations (6.4%) and regions (2.6%). Principal component analysis showed grouping of fungus populations in accordance with their geographic location.
METATHERIAN PETROSALS FROM THE LATE PALEOCENE OF ITABORAÍ, BRAZIL, AND THEIR PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS

Abstract Four Paleocene petrosal bones from the Itaboraí fissure fillings of Brazil belong to two metatherian morphotypes. They are compared with ear regions of other fossil and recent marsupials. The results of a parsimony analysis using thirty-eight characters from the petrosal and ear region are partly congruent with recent studies and confirm that characters from the ear region are highly informative for phylogenetic reconstruction. Metatheria are diagnosed by five petrosal synapomorphies: stapedial artery absent in adults; reduced, intramural prootic canal; extrabullar internal carotid artery; inferior petrosal sinus between petrosal, basisphenoid, and basioccipital; and cava supracochleare and epiptericum completely separated. The stem group of South American and Australian metatherians is composed of the Paleocene taxa Pucadelphys, one of the oldest known metatherians from South America, and Petrosal Type II from Itaboraí. Among the South American-Australian metatherians two clades are defined here. The crown clade is composed of Australian taxa plus Dromiciops (here referred to Australidelphia sensu stricto), while they plus Caenolestes form the Australidelphia sensu lato. Petrosal Type I from Itaboraí is the most basal taxon of Australidelphia sensu lato, the latter diagnosed by three significant synapomorphies: ventral part of the mastoid rounded and bulbous owing to enlargement of the fossa subarcuata; posttemporal foramen absent; and foramen for a branch of the transverse sinus present on the posterior edge of the ventral pars canalicularis.
Evaluation of a three-way cross chicken developed for backyard poultry in respect to growth, production and carcass quality traits under intensive system of rearing

ABSTRACT Objective of the work was to develop a three-way cross for egg-type backyard chicken using male and female lines developed from exotic chickens. To improve the egg production further and to get colour plumage pattern, the two-way cross PD1 X IWI males were crossed with PD3 females to produce three-way cross (PD1 X IWI X PD3). The crossbred was evaluated for different traits upto 72 weeks of age. Sexual dimorphisms were evident from two weeks onwards for body weights and shank length differ significantly (P < .05) between male and female at 8, 12 and 16 weeks of age. Male were reared upto 16 weeks of age, and at 16 weeks, body weight of male and female were 1670 and 1096 g, respectively. Carcass quality measured at 16 week of age recorded 66.12% eviscerated carcass yield, 4.84% giblet and 0.30% abdominal fat. Egg production performance recorded from 17 to 72 weeks of age at 4 weeks interval showed significant (P < .05) difference between different periods, and peak egg production was recorded during 29–32 weeks. At 69–72 weeks period, the egg production per bird was 14.78 eggs. Egg production upto 40, 52, 64 and 72 weeks of age were 91.71, 105.84, 204.88 and 233.28 eggs, respectively. Age and weight at sexual maturity were 163.14 days and 1702 g, respectively. Egg weight recorded at 4 weeks interval starting from 20 weeks of age showed linear increase upto 56 weeks of age with significant differences at different ages. The results indicate that the cross may be of use for egg-type poultry in the backyard. However, before large-scale propagation, the cross has to be evaluated in the field.
Optimization of Learning Through Edmodo-Based Hybrid Learning to Improve Learning Independence and Learning Outcomes

The study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of Edmodo as a media study review of the learning outcomes; Knowing the learning independence relationship with learning outcomes and Knowing the influence of hybrid learning on learning independence and learning outcomes. This is experimental method with Non-Equivalent Control Group Design, consists of four groups of treatment with varied hybrid learning proportions, each 50% (meaning 50% learning hybrid learning and 50% face to face), 60% (meaning 60% of hybrid learning and 40% face to face), and 70% (meaning 70% hybrid learning and 30% face-to-face), and one group of others is a conventional group (only face to face), this group as a control group. Data Collection with questionnaires for learning independence and knowledge tests to determine learning achievement. The results showed: (1) the use of Edmodo was effective in enhancing the results of a larger experimental class learning compared to the control class so that learning became Optimal, (2) a significant relationship of learning independence learning with learning outcomes, significance 0.000, (3) there is a difference of influence of significant variation of hybrid learning to learning independence and learning outcomes, with significance 0,037