Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of mediators of neuronal plasticity in the circadian regulation of suprachiasmatic nucleus by light

Circadian rhythms are highly conserved physiological functions that are present in almost all living organisms. In mammals, circadian rhythms are synchronized to the environmental light:dark cycle by daily adjustments in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the location of the master circadian pacemaker. We hypothesize that light entrainment of the circadian clock involves neural plastic adaptations in the SCN. The mechanism of neural plasticity has been intensively studied in the hippocampus and the dentate gyrus. However, the cell and molecular mechanism underlying circadian clock resetting in the SCN remains poorly understood. Thus, we sought to investigate whether modulators that are known to regulate neural plasticity in the hippocampus play a role in the signal transduction of circadian clock resetting. Light induced expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in the SCN, maximal induction was seen one hour following a light pulse at circadian time (CT) 16. A corresponding increase in the tPA proteolytic activity was also observed. tPA-STOP TM (an inhibitor of tPA)-infused animals exhibited attenuated light-induced phase delay of circadian wheel running activity. The levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activators, p35 and p25 were decreased at Zeitgeber Time (ZT) 16, at ZT22 the levels were increased whereas, no change was observed at ZT6. The bi-transgenic animal, CK-p25 demonstrated increased phase delay at CT16 and attenuated phase advance at CT22 following transient overexpression of p25. SCN neurons expressing p25 co-localized with phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Gastrin Releasing Peptide. This is one of the first studies to report the involvement of these neuromodulators in circadian light entrainment. Mounting evidence shows that circadian rhythm disturbances may be associated with increased health risks, such as jet-lag, cancer development, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. The findings of this study have improved our understanding of the complex and intricate pathways involved in light entrainment and may lead to development of novel therapeutic avenues in treating circadian rhythm disturbances.
Esclerose lateral amiotrófica: descrição de aspectos clínicos e funcionais de uma série de casos numa região de saúde do nordeste do Brasil

Introdução: A Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença neurodegenerativa que provoca grandes prejuízos na funcionalidade dos indivíduos acometidos. Objetivo: descrever características sociodemográficas, clínicas e funcionais de uma série de casos diagnosticados com Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica em uma região de saúde do Estado da Bahia. Métodos: trata-se do relato de uma série de casos de ELA, identificados na microrregião de Saúde de Jequié, circunscrita à 13ª Diretoria Regional de Saúde (DIRES) da Bahia. Foram incluídos indivíduos com diagnóstico médico de ELA, comprovado por exame de Eletroneuromiografia, independente do sexo ou idade. Após a identificação dos sujeitos, foram realizadas visitas domiciliares para coleta de dados sociodemográficas, sintomas neurológicos e avaliação funcional. Resultados: A média de idade dos seis participantes da pesquisa foi 52,8 anos (DP ± 6,3 anos), tendo os primeiros sintomas se manifestado a partir dos 46 anos de idade. Os principais sintomas da Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica foram fraqueza (50,0%) e dor (50,0%) e durante a progressão foi observada a presença de fraqueza (100,0%), seguida de disartria (83,3%), fasciculações (66,7%) e tremor (66,7%). De modo geral, as atividades que os sujeitos referiram realizar com mais frequência foram “vestir-se da cintura para baixo” (100,0%) e alimentação (83,3%). Conclusão: Os achados desta pesquisa apontam a necessidade de ofertar um conjunto de serviços de saúde para os indivíduos com ELA, em uma perspectiva interdisciplinar, que envolve o acompanhamento médico-farmacológico, nutricional, assistência em fisioterapia, fonoaudiologia e terapia ocupacional, além do acompanhamento psicológico para os pacientes e suas famílias.
FEEDING STRATEGIES OF THE LITTLE BROWN BAT

Feeding strategies of the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus, were investigated in southern 3-10 mm prey in approximate proportions encountered during June, when insect availability was low and unpredictable. However, lactating, postlactating, and nonreproductive Y Y exhibited more selec- tive feeding in July, when insects were more abundant. This increase in selectivity reflected exploitation of beetles and mayflies, which were uncommon in trap samples. In August, juveniles approxi- mated random feeding patterns, as they learned to forage. We suggest that increased resource avail- ability allowed selective feeding in adult bats during July, as predicted by prey selection models. However, reduced discriminatory abilities may prevent similar levels of prey selection in juveniles.
Causes of Photooxidative Stress and Amelioration of Defense Systems in Plants

The volume contains full coverage of research on photo-oxidative stress, from photochemistry to molecular genetics. The text includes a comprehensive collection of major reviews providing a broad perspective. The contributors highlight many areas of current research and explore the causes of photo-oxidative stress in plants and the environmental consequences, as well as the biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology of protective systems. They also examine how these systems can be manipulated to improve stress tolerance.
Load Lifting and the Risk of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Cabin Crews

Lifting and loading passengers’ hand-carry luggage into the overhead compartment in the flight cabin is one of the tasks performed by the cabin crews. The hand-carry luggage weight varies and can be up to 10 kg. The task involved load lifting over the head, awkward posture and repetitive that could lead to the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Hence, further investigation of those factors stimulates this study. An industrial survey was conducted and WMSDs symptom data were collected using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Rapid Upper Limb (RULA) assessment was performed to analyse the posture during the load lifting task. The results of the industrial survey indicated that 88.3% of the workers experienced WMSD symptoms in various regions of the body. The highest symptoms reported at lower back (80.0%), followed by the neck (68.0%) and shoulder (59.0%). The result is supported with the result of RULA with final score 7, which indicated the load lifting task performed involved awkward posture, needs changes and further improvement should be immediately implemented. In conclusion, the cabin crews exposed to the risks of WMSDs and the results of this study can be used as references by the aviation industry to mitigate WMSDs issues among the cabin crews specifically and contribute to the improvement of the society well-being generally.
Status of soil, fodder and serum (cattle) mineral in high rainfall area of NE region

A study was conducted to record the mineral status in soil, fodder and serum from 4 districts of Tripura state, viz. West, South, North and Dhalai Tripura. Soil samples from these districts showed an overall average prevalence of phosphorus, zinc, copper and cobalt deficiency. Similarly, overall prevalence of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and selenium (Se) deficiency in fodder was 8.24%, 9.61%, 27.47%, 44.78%, 30.21%, 4.12%, 39.28%, and 4.67% respectively. The overall prevalence of serum P, Zn, Cu, Co, and Se deficiency was 30.03%, 36.75%, 35.96%, 38.73% and 6.32% respectively. Cattle of Tripura State were highly deficient in phosphorus. Soil, fodder and cattle of Tripura State were highly deficient in zinc followed by copper and cobalt.
Calcium regulation of spontaneous and evoked neurotransmitter release in small central synapses

Synaptic neurotransmitter release is mediated by presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) via a tightly controlled mechanism. Naturally occurring mutations in the CACNA1A gene, which encodes the pore forming α1-subunit of P/Q-type VGCCs, can disrupt synaptic neurotransmission and lead to neurological disorders such as migraine, ataxia and epilepsy. Here, we aimed to understand how mutations linked to a severe form of migraine – familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1) – affects neurotransmitter release in small central synapses. The effects of FHM1 mutations on both VGCC function and transmitter release are currently controversial. It is widely agreed that FHM1 mutations cause a shift to more negative potentials in the voltage activation threshold of P/Q-type channels. However, it is less understood whether this leads to a gain- or loss- of function of neurotransmitter release. We studied the effects of two particular FHM1 mutations using a combination of genetic manipulations and fluorescent imaging methods. First, in order to overcome species-specific differences in subunit expression, we attempted to express human cDNA encoding mutant VGCCs in the human neuronal-like cell line, NT2. Second, we compared synaptic neurotransmission in neuronal hippocampal cultures prepared from mice harbouring FHM1 mutations, with wild-type controls. Our results revealed that synaptic transmission was highly heterogeneous among individual synapses. However, FHM1 mutations did not have a significant effect on synaptic vesicular release. We also investigated the role of VGCCs in triggering spontaneous neurotransmission. We found that approximately 25 % of miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents were dependent on the stochastic opening of presynaptic VGCCs. Further analysis showed that the slow Ca2+ buffer EGTA blocks VGCC-dependent spontaneous and evoked release to a similar extent, suggesting that the two types of neurotransmission may share the same release machinery. Taken together these data provide new insights into the regulation of evoked and spontaneous release by presynaptic VGCCs.
Multimerization and membrane distribution of the Gag structural polyprotein during HIV-1 assembly

The HIV-1 structural polyprotein Pr55 is necessary and sufficient for the assembly of virus-like particles on cellular membranes. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of the capsid C-terminal domain (CA-CTD), nucleocapsid (NC), and membrane association in Gag-Gag interaction, but the relationships between these factors remain unclear. In this study, we systematically altered CA-CTD, NC, and the ability to bind membrane, to determine the relative contributions of, and interplay between these factors. To directly measure Gag-Gag interaction, we utilized chimeric Gag-fluorescent protein fusion constructs and a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) method. We found that the CA-CTD is essential for Gag-Gag interaction at the plasma membrane, as disruption of CA-CTD has severe impacts on FRET. Data from experiments in which wild type and CA-CTD mutant Gag molecules are coexpressed support the idea that the CA-CTD dimerization interface consists of two reciprocal interactions. Mutations in NC have less severe impacts on FRET between normally-myristoylated Gag proteins than CA-CTD mutations. Notably, when non-myristoylated Gag interacts with WT Gag, NC is
A Theory of Mortality

In the author's 1955 paper an attempt was made to divide mortality into six component parts, one being the rate of senescent deaths, the others the respective rates of different types of anticipated deaths, the distinction between senescent and anticipated deaths having previously been drawn by Clarke in his centenary paper. At the same time the author advocated an investigation into the mortality of assured lives by cause of death, one of the uses of such investigation being the continuous availability of a comparison between assured lives' mortality at different durations and national mortality. The Joint Mortality Investigation Committee is indeed now conducting such an investigation, starting with the year of experience 1964 and, though no report on this investigation has yet been published, it is reasonable to presume that the Committee's first such report will become available in the fairly near future.
Treatment of congenital idiopathic clubfoot by the ponseti method. Experience children's hospital martagao gesteira. Preliminary assessment

Background: Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot (PTCI) is a congenital and complex three-dimensional deformity of the foot, which compromises both the bony structures and soft tissues. It is clinically characterized by equinus and varus hindfoot, midfoot cavus and adduction of the forefoot. The goal of treatment is to get a PTCI plantigrade foot, painless, flexible, with good muscle strength and allows the use of common footwear, featuring a march close to normal. Thus, it was presented in Iawa, United States of America, there are about fifty, the method described by Ignacio Ponseti technique conservative that has been widely disseminated and used. It is the method “gold standard” as choice for the treatment of PTCI in the world. This method involves manipulations with exchanges of serially fixed plastered inguinopodálicas weekly. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of correction of clubfoot (PTCI) by Ponseti Method. Methods: We treated 96 children with the deformity of the PTCI Children’s Hospital Martagão Gesteira by conservative Ponseti technique. At the end of the adopted therapy patients were evaluated and classified into groups by Pirani classification to verify the effectiveness of treatment for deformity correction. Also studied were the variables of age, sex and handedness. Results: The sample obtained efficacy of treatment in its entirety. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the Ponseti method showed safety and efficacy for the correction of clubfoot (PTCI). Level of evidence: level IV. *Correspondence to: Filho FCG, Av. Euclides da Cunha, no610, Apt. 101, Graça. 40150-122, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, E-mail: garciafilho59@gmail.com
Calcification and carbonate dissolution of an Arctic coralline red algae exposed to ocean acidification

CO2 induced acidification could render Arctic waters sub-saturated in the coming decades, making them corrosive for calcareous organism. It is presently unknown what effects this will have on calcifying organisms living in the Arctic Ocean and on the ecosystems of which they are integral components. We investigated calcification rates of the Arctic habitat-forming coralline red alga Lithothamnion tophiforme in laboratory experiments simulating future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Algae were tested under Arctic summer and winter light conditions in two separate experiments. A significant negative effect of increased CO2 levels on the calcification rates of L. tophiforme was found in both experiments. Annual mean net dissolution of L. tophiforme is estimated to start at an aragonite saturation state of 0.8 which is projected to occur in parts of the Arctic surface ocean before 2050 if emissions follow business as usual scenarios. Coralline red algae consist to more than 80% of calcium carbonate and are most likely unable to withstand natural stresses such as water movement, overgrowth or grazing without their massive skeleton. Based on our results a wide-spread loss of Arctic crustose coralline red algae habitats may occur during this century potentially impacting the Arctic ecosystem.
Evaluation of impact of teaching critical appraisal of drug promotional literature among medical interns using WHO guidelines

1,2 Lecture, 3 Prof. and Head of Department Department of Pharmacology, BJ Government Medical College, Pune, India *Corresponding Author Tiwari S.A Lecture, Department of Pharmacology, BJ Government Medical College, Pune, India Abstract Objectives: To sensitize the medical interns regarding aspects of WHO criteria and other essential information for drug promotion and to determine the impact of teaching critical appraisal of promotional literature. Methods: 151 medical interns answered a pre-test questionnaire . They were also asked to evaluate five promotional literatures for pre knowledge testing of ability to identify violations of existing WHO guidelines for promotional literature. This was followed by a lecture on WHO criteria for drug promotional literature and other related important information required for prescribing any drug (Indication, ADR, Monitoring, contraindications, drug interactions, clinical trial results, medical body recommendation, specialist testimonials, Significance of references presented). This activity was followed by small group discussions. End of the session, each intern had to answer a post-test questionnaire and was evaluated accordingly. Result: Statistically significant improvement (p< 0.0001) was observed in post-test questionnaire score as regards to the gain in knowledge about all the WHO criteria that appeared in promotion literature. These criteria were required for prescribing any drug (eg .brand name, ADR, etc.). The success of training interns for other essential information required for prescribing tool, reflected as a statistical significant improvement in knowledge (p< 0.0001) in the post-test evaluation. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of training medical interns on the topic of “critical appraisal of drug promotional literature”. It is reasonable to conclude that the problem of irrational drug use may significantly reduce, if prescribing doctors are able to critically appraise the claims made in drug promotional materials. Future prescribing practices may improve if the necessary skills and critical attitudes for rational therapy are strengthened during the internship of medical undergraduates.
Detection of seed-borne infection of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seeds by agar plate and blotter methods

Tomato is a popular, widely cultivated and consumed vegetable crop in the world, but its production is hampered by diseases, some of which are seed-borne. This study sought to detect seed-borne fungi in tomato seeds used by farmers in the,Tolon-Kurnbungu District of Northern Region of Ghana_ Twenty seed samples made up of two from commercial seed retailers and 18 from farmers in nine communities were used for the detection of the seed-borne mycoflora, by the agar plate and blotter methods in the Plant Pathology laboratory of the Savannah Agricultural Research Institute (SARI). Four fungal species namely Aspergillus flavus (Link), A. niger (van Tieghem), Penicilium spp. and Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb. :Fr) Vuil. , were isolated and identified from seeds stored by farmers. The Agar plate method was more sensitive than the blotter method in detecting the seed-borne fungi. Aspergillus flavus had the highest occurrence in both sterilised and unsterilised seeds while Penicillium had the least. For example, the occurrence of A. flavus in seeds tested by the blotter method for sterilised and unsterilised seeds were 56.7% and 56.1%, respectively and 3.2% and 3.5%, respectively for Penicillium. Generally, the incidence of seed-borne fungi in samples offarmer-saved seeds was higher than the commercial seeds. All the seed samples tested had a germination percentage above 80%, except sample GYA from Gareshegu) which had 61.5% germination. Due to the high popularity of the farmer-saved seeds, a system should be put in place to frequently check the health status of these farmer-saved seeds, to prevent the use of infected seeds in tomato production, which could have adverse consequences on the yield
Brown Adipose Tissue at F-18 FDG PET/CT: Correlation of Metabolic Parameter with Demographics and Cancer-Related Characteristics in Cancer Patients

Background: The eﬀect of various environmental and intrinsic stimulators on the development of brown adipose tissue (BAT) has beenwidelyinvestigatedbyPET-basedresearches. However,evidenceregardingtheinﬂuencingfactorsonthelevelof BATmetabolic activity is scarce. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of cancer-related characteristics in addition to anthropo-metrics and demographics in BAT-bearing cancer patients at 18F-ﬂuorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) scan and any correlation between the level of BAT metabolic activity and the inﬂuencing factors. Methods: Reportsfromatotalof3762F-18FDGPET/CTscanswereretrospectivelyreviewedtoidentifyBAT-bearingcancerpopulation. Demographic, anthropometric and cancer related characteristics were recorded. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) wasmeasuredseparatelyforeachanatomicalregion. Descriptivequantitativevariableswereexpressedaseitherfrequencyormean. Independent T test, Mann-Withney U test, Pearson correlation coeﬃcients, one-way analysis of variance and linear regression test correlation with BAT SUVmax. Conclusions: The present study provided evidence for age and chemotherapeutic agents on the level of BAT metabolism. In addition, there is a suggestion for diﬀerent pathways involved in BAT development and regulation of the level of metabolic activity.
Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Tinospora cardifolia in alloxan induced diabetes in albino wistar rats

Background: The objective was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of Tinospora cardifolia in alloxan induced diabetes in albino rats in comparison with a currently used oral hypoglycaemic glibenclamide.Methods: there were 24 rats with FBS in the range 80-115 mg/dl were selected for the study. Four groups each containing six rats, were induced diabetes with alloxan (150mg/kg). The diabetic control group (0.5ml normal saline), Standard control group (5mg/kg glibenclimide), Test group I (200mg/kg T. cardifolia) and test II group 400mg/kg T. cardifolia). FBS was recorded on 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28th day using glucometer. Data was analysed by using one way ANOVA and posthoc Tukey’s test SPSS 21Version.Results: Extract of Tinospora cardifolia showed dependent hypoglycaemic action in both low dose (200mg/kg) and high dose group (400mg/kg). Hypoglycaemic action with high dose of Tinospora cardifolia is comparable to that of standard drug glibenclamide.Conclusions: This study demonstrates the hypoglycaemic action of T. cardifolia in diabetic rats. T. cardifolia can be a therapeutic potential to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.