Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlations of azimuthal anisotropy Fourier harmonics with subevent cumulants in 
pPb
 collisions at 
sNN=8.16TeV

Event-by-event long-range correlations of azimuthal anisotropy Fourier coefficients (vn) in 8.16 TeV pPb data, collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, are extracted using a subevent four-particle cumulant technique applied to very low multiplicity events. Each combination of four charged particles is selected from either two, three, or four distinct subevent regions of a pseudorapidity range from −2.4 to 2.4 of the CMS tracker, and with transverse momentum between 0.3 and 3.0 GeV. Using the subevent cumulant technique, correlations between vn of different orders are measured as functions of particle multiplicity and compared to the standard cumulant method without subevents over a wide event multiplicity range. At high multiplicities, the v2 and v3 coefficients exhibit an anticorrelation; this behavior is observed consistently using various methods. The v2 and v4 correlation strength is found to depend on the number of subevents used in the calculation. As the event multiplicity decreases, the results from different subevent methods diverge because of different contributions of noncollective or few-particle correlations. Correlations extracted with the four-subevent method exhibit a tendency to diminish monotonically toward the lowest multiplicity region (about 20 charged tracks) investigated. These findings extend previous studies to a significantly lower event multiplicity range and establish the evidence for the onset of long-range collective multiparticle correlations in small system collisions.
Spitzer IRAC Photometry of JWST Calibration Stars

We present infrared photometry of all 36 potential JWST calibrators for which there is archival Spitzer IRAC data. This photometry can then be used to inform the stellar models necessary to provide absolute calibration for all JWST instruments. We describe in detail the steps necessary to measure IRAC photometry from archive retrieval to photometric corrections. To validate our photometry, we examine the distribution of uncertainties from all detections in all four IRAC channels as well as compare the photometry and its uncertainties to those from models, ALLWISE, and the literature. Seventy-five percent of our detections have standard deviations per star of all observations within each channel of less than 3%. The median standard deviations are 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.1%, and 1.9% in [3.6]–[8.0], respectively. We find less than 8% standard deviations in differences of our photometry with ALLWISE and excellent agreement with literature values (less than 3% difference), lending credence to our measured fluxes. JWST is poised to do groundbreaking science, and accurate calibration and cross-calibration with other missions will be part of the underpinnings of that science.
The number of satisfying assignments of random 2‐SAT formulas

We show that throughout the satisfiable phase the normalized number of satisfying assignments of a random 2‐SAT formula converges in probability to an expression predicted by the cavity method from statistical physics. The proof is based on showing that the Belief Propagation algorithm renders the correct marginal probability that a variable is set to “true” under a uniformly random satisfying assignment.
Leverage Target and Payout Policy

Depending on whether existing debt is below or above target debt level, some firms are more willing to raise debt (if needed) than others. In this paper, I show that firms are more likely to both increase dividends and smooth dividends when they have below-target debt after controlling for access to debt. Additionally, I show that when firms have below-target debt, they use a greater fraction of proceeds from net debt issues to finance dividends. I obtain similar results when I repeat the tests with total payouts (dividends plus repurchases) instead of dividends only.
Dust temperature in ALMA [C ii]-detected high-z galaxies

At redshift $z>5$ the far-infrared (FIR) continuum spectra of main-sequence galaxies are sparsely sampled, often with a single data point. The dust temperature $T_{\rm d, SED}$ thus has to be assumed in the FIR continuum fitting. This introduces large uncertainties regarding the derived dust mass ($M_{\rm d}$), FIR luminosity, and obscured fraction of the star formation rate. These are crucial quantities to quantify the effect of dust obscuration in high-$z$ galaxies. To overcome observations limitations, we introduce a new method that combines dust continuum information with the overlying $\hbox{[C $\scriptstyle\rm II $]} 158\mu$m line emission. By breaking the $M_{\rm d} - T_{\rm d, SED}$ degeneracy, with our method, we can reliably constrain the dust temperature with a single observation at $158\mu$m. This method can be applied to all ALMA and NOEMA $\hbox{[C $\scriptstyle\rm II $]}$ observations and exploited in ALMA Large Programs such as ALPINE and REBELS targeting $\hbox{[C $\scriptstyle\rm II $]}$ emitters at high-$z$. We also provide a physical interpretation of the empirical relation recently found between $molecular$ gas mass and $\hbox{[C $\scriptstyle\rm II $]}$ luminosity. We derive an analogous relation linking the $total$ gas surface density and $\hbox{[C $\scriptstyle\rm II $]}$ surface brightness. By combining the two, we predict the cosmic evolution of the surface density ratio $\Sigma_{\rm H_2} / \Sigma_{\rm gas}$. We find that $\Sigma_{\rm H_2} / \Sigma_{\rm gas}$ slowly increases with redshift, which is compatible with current observations at $0 < z < 4$.
Drill core from seismically active sandstone gas reservoir yields clues to internal deformation mechanisms

Europe’s largest gas field, the Groningen field (the Netherlands), is widely known for induced subsidence and seismicity caused by gas pressure depletion and associated compaction of the sandstone reservoir. Whether compaction is elastic or partly inelastic, as implied by recent experiments, is a key factor in forecasting system behavior and seismic hazard. We sought evidence for inelastic deformation through comparative microstructural analysis of unique drill core recovered from the seismogenic center of the field in 2015, 50 yr after gas production started, versus core recovered before production (1965). Quartz grain fracturing, crack healing, and stress-induced Dauphiné twinning are equally developed in the 2015 and 1965 cores, with the only measurable effect of gas production being enhanced microcracking of sparse K-feldspar grains in the 2015 core. Interpreting these grains as strain markers, we suggest that reservoir compaction involves elastic strain plus inelastic compression of weak clay films within grain contacts.
The VLA Frontier Field Survey: A Comparison of the Radio and UV/Optical Size of 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 3 Star-forming Galaxies

To investigate the growth history of galaxies, we measure the rest-frame radio, ultraviolet (UV), and optical sizes of 98 radio-selected, star-forming galaxies (SFGs) distributed over 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 3 with a median stellar mass of log(M⋆/M⊙)≈10.4 . We compare the size of galaxy stellar disks, traced by rest-frame optical emission, relative to the overall extent of star formation activity that is traced by radio continuum emission. Galaxies in our sample are identified in three Hubble Frontier Fields: MACS J0416.1−2403, MACS J0717.5+3745, and MACS J1149.5+2223. Radio continuum sizes are derived from 3 and 6 GHz radio images (≲0.″6 resolution, ≈0.9 μJy beam−1 noise level) from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. Rest-frame UV and optical sizes are derived using observations from the Hubble Space Telescope and the Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3 instruments. We find no clear dependence between the 3 GHz radio size and stellar mass of SFGs, which contrasts with the positive correlation between the UV/optical size and stellar mass of galaxies. Focusing on SFGs with log(M⋆/M⊙)>10 , we find that the radio/UV/optical emission tends to be more compact in galaxies with high star formation rates (≳100 M ⊙ yr−1), suggesting that a central, compact starburst (and/or an active galactic nucleus) resides in the most luminous galaxies of our sample. We also find that the physical radio/UV/optical size of radio-selected SFGs with log(M ⋆/M ⊙) > 10 increases by a factor of 1.5–2 from z ≈ 3 to z ≈ 0.3, yet the radio emission remains two to three times more compact than that from the UV/optical. These findings indicate that these massive, radio-selected SFGs at 0.3 ≲ z ≲ 3 tend to harbor centrally enhanced star formation activity relative to their outer disks.
Braids groups and mapping class groups: The Birman–Hilden theory

In the 1970s, Joan Birman and Hugh Hilden wrote several papers on the problem of relating the mapping class group of a surface to that of a covering space. Their results provide a bridge between the theories of mapping class groups and braid groups. We survey the work of Birman and Hilden, give an overview of the subsequent developments, and discuss open questions and new directions.
Prognostic Value of Atherosclerotic Extent in Diabetic Patients with Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease

Methods and Results 813 DM patients (mean age 58.9 ± 9.9 years, 48.1% male) referred for CCTA due to suspected CAD in 2015-2017 were consecutively included. During a median follow-up of 31.77 months, 50 major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) (6.15%) were experienced, including 2 cardiovascular deaths, 14 nonfatal myocardial infarctions, 27 unstable anginas requiring hospitalization, and 7 strokes. Three groups were defined based on coronary stenosis combined with Leiden score as normal, nonobstructive Leiden < 5, and nonobstructive Leiden ≥ 5. Cox models were used to assess the prognosis of plaque burden within these groups. An incremental incidence of MACE rates was observed. After adjustment for age, gender, and presence of high-risk plaque, the group of Leiden ≥ 5 showed a higher risk than Leiden < 5 (HR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.03-3.42, p = 0.039). Similar results were observed when segment involvement score (SIS) was used for sensitivity analysis. Conclusion Atherosclerotic extent was associated with the prognosis of DM patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease, highlighting the importance of better risk stratification and management.
Non-Faradaic Promotion of Ethylene Hydrogenation under Oscillating Potentials

The acceleration of Faradaic reactions by oscillating electric potentials has emerged as a viable tool to enhance electrocatalysis, but the non-Faradaic dynamic promotion of thermal catalytic processes remains to be proven. Here, we present experimental evidence showing that oscillating potentials are capable of enhancing the rate of ethylene hydrogenation despite no promotion effect being observed under static potentials. The non-Faradaic dynamic enhancement reaches up to 553% on a Pd/C electrode when cycling between −0.25 and 0.55 VNHE under optimized conditions with a frequency of around 0.1 Hz and a duty cycle of 99%. Under those conditions, the catalytic reaction rates were promoted beyond the rate of charge transfer to the electrode surface, confirming the non-Faradaic nature of the process. Experiments in different electrolytes reveal a good correlation between the catalytic enhancement and the double-layer capacitance, a measure for the interfacial electric field strength. Preliminary kinetic data is consistent with cyclic removal of adsorbates from the surface at negative potential and the subsequent adsorption of H2 and C2H4 and hydrogenation reaction at the positively polarized surface.
Measurements of $WH$ and $ZH$ production in the $H \rightarrow b\bar{b}$ decay channel in $pp$ collisions at 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of the Standard Model Higgs boson decaying into a $b\bar{b}$ pair and produced in association with a $W$ or $Z$ boson decaying into leptons, using proton-proton collision data collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS detector, are presented. The measurements use collisions produced by the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = $13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$. The production of a Higgs boson in association with a $W$ or $Z$ boson is established with observed (expected) significances of 4.0 (4.1) and 5.3 (5.1) standard deviations, respectively. Cross-sections of associated production of a Higgs boson decaying into bottom quark pairs with an electroweak gauge boson, $W$ or $Z$, decaying into leptons are measured as a function of the gauge boson transverse momentum in kinematic fiducial volumes. The cross-section measurements are all consistent with the Standard Model expectations, and the total uncertainties vary from 30% in the high gauge boson transverse momentum regions to 85% in the low regions. Limits are subsequently set on the parameters of an effective Lagrangian sensitive to modifications of the $WH$ and $ZH$ processes as well as the Higgs boson decay into $b\bar{b}$.
Homogenization of random convolution energies

We prove a homogenization theorem for a class of quadratic convolution energies with random coefficients. Under suitably stated hypotheses of ergodicity and stationarity, we prove that the Γ ‐limit of such energy is almost surely a deterministic quadratic Dirichlet‐type integral functional, whose integrand can be characterized through an asymptotic formula. The proof of this characterization relies on results on the asymptotic behaviour of subadditive processes. The proof of the limit theorem uses a blow‐up technique common for local energies, which can be extended to this ‘asymptotically local’ case. As a particular application, we derive a homogenization theorem on random perforated domains.
Bilayer artificial spin ice: Magnetic force switching and basic thermodynamics

We study an artificial spin ice system consisting of two identical layers separated by a height offset h. For a small separation, the layers are shown to attract each other provided the whole system is in the ground state. Such an attraction comes about by means of a power-law force that we compare to van der Waals forces. When magnetic monopoles occur in one (or both) layers, the scenario becomes even more interesting, and these layers may also repel each other. By tuning parameters like h and monopole distance, switching between attraction and repulsion may be accomplished in a feasible way. Regarding its thermodynamics, the specific heat peak shifts to lower temperature as h increases.
Surface characteristics and enhancement of water vapour properties of paperboard coated with polycaprolactone nanocomposites

Abstract Offset printed paperboard coated with polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer and nanoparticles was studied to elucidate the interactions and adhesion in two-layered packaging material. SiO2, Al2O3 and ZnO nanoparticles were used due to their specific interactions with water vapour that results in inhibition of water permeability. The good dispersion of nanoparticles in PCL matrix is crucial for enhancement of the barrier properties of coated paperboard. To gain an insight into the interactions between the nanoparticles, paperboard and PCL matrix determination of surface parameters was performed. The samples were characterized for water vapour permeability, mechanical and thermal properties. Their morphology was analysed by SEM microscopy, FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. UV stability of the PCL nanocomposites coatings was also studied. It can be concluded that the nanoparticles have a significant effect on the surface properties and they influenced adhesion between paperboard and PCL coating.
A model for non-isothermal variably saturated porous media in dynamics

This work presents the development of a fully coupled mathematical and numerical model for the analysis of the thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of non-isothermal multiphase porous materials in dynamics. The model is developed following Lewis and Schrefler within the Hybrid Mixture theory [1]. The porous medium is treated as a multiphase system composed of a solid skeleton with open pores, filled with liquid water and gas. The solid is considered as deformable and non-polar. All the fluids are in contact with the solid phase. The constituents are assumed to be isotropic, homogeneous, immiscible, except for dry air and water vapour and chemically non-reacting. Local thermal equilibrium between the solid matrix, gas and liquid phases is assumed. Heat conduction, vapour diffusion, heat convection, liquid water flow due to pressure gradients or capillary effects and water phase change (evaporation and condensation) inside pores are all taken into account. In the partially saturated zones, liquid water is separated from its vapour by a meniscus concave toward gas (capillary water). In order to analyse the thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of a soil structure in the low frequency domain, e.g. under earthquake excitation, the u-p formulation is advocated for the finite element discretization.
Fraction of delocalized eigenstates in the long-range Aubry-André-Harper model

We uncover a systematic structure in the single-particle phase diagram of the quasiperiodic Aubry-Andr\'e-Harper (AAH) model with power-law hoppings ($\ensuremath{\sim}\frac{1}{{r}^{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}$) when the quasiperiodicity parameter is chosen to be a member of the metallic mean family of irrational Diophantine numbers. In addition to the fully delocalized and localized phases, we find a coexistence of multifractal (localized) states with the delocalized states for $\ensuremath{\sigma}l1$ ($\ensuremath{\sigma}g1$). The fraction of delocalized eigenstates in these phases can be obtained from a general sequence, which is a manifestation of a mathematical property of the metallic mean family. The entanglement entropy of the noninteracting many-body ground states respects the area law if the Fermi level belongs in the localized regime while logarithmically violating it if the Fermi level belongs in the delocalized or multifractal regimes. The prefactor of the logarithmically violating term is significantly larger in the delocalized phase in comparison to that in the multifractal phase. Entanglement entropy shows the area law even in the delocalized regime for special filling fractions, which are related to the metallic means.
The MOSDEF survey: a comprehensive analysis of the rest-optical emission-line properties of z ∼ 2.3 star-forming galaxies

We analyse the rest-optical emission-line spectra of z ∼ 2.3 star-forming galaxies in the complete MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey. In investigating the origin of the well-known offset between the sequences of high-redshift and local galaxies in the [O iii]λ5008/Hβ versus [N ii]λ6585/Hα (‘[N ii] BPT’) diagram, we define two populations of z ∼ 2.3 MOSDEF galaxies. These include the high population that is offset towards higher [O iii]λ5008/Hβ and/or [N ii]λ6585/Hα with respect to the local SDSS sequence and the low population that overlaps the SDSS sequence. These two groups are also segregated within the [O iii]λ5008/Hβ versus [S ii]λλ6718,6733/Hα and the [O iii]λλ4960,5008/[O ii ]λλ3727,3730 (O32) versus ([O iii]λλ4960,5008+[O ii]λλ3727,3730)/Hβ (R23) diagrams, which suggests qualitatively that star-forming regions in the more offset galaxies are characterized by harder ionizing spectra at fixed nebular oxygen abundance. We also investigate many galaxy properties of the split sample and find that the high sample is on average smaller in size and less massive, but has higher specific star formation rate (SFR) and SFR surface density values and is slightly younger compared to the low population. From Cloudy+BPASS photoionization models, we estimate that the high population has a lower stellar metallicity (i.e. harder ionizing spectrum) but slightly higher nebular metallicity and higher ionization parameter compared to the low population. While the high population is more α-enhanced (i.e. higher α/Fe) than the low population, both samples are significantly more α-enhanced compared to local star-forming galaxies with similar rest-optical line ratios. These differences must be accounted for in all high-redshift star-forming galaxies – not only those ‘offset’ from local excitation sequences.
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN KARATERISTIK INDIVIDU TERHADAP MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KINERJA KARYAWAN CV. AINUN BATARA GURU

Sumberdaya manusia merupakan satu aset yang paling berharga yang dimiliki oleh suatu instansi, organisasi atau perusahaan, karena keberadaannya sangat menentukan terhadap dinamisasi mobilisasi perusahaan. Bagaimana karakteristik individu mempunyai pengaruh terhadap Motivasi kerja dan kinerja karyawan CV.Ainun Batara Guru dan Bagaimana lingkungan kerja mempunyai pengaruh terhadap Motivasi kerja dan kinerja karyawan CV.Ainun Batara Guru. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menyebarkan kuisioner sebanyak 30 responden yang disebarkan secara random ke karyawan/pekerja CV. Ainun Batara Guru. Menggunakan metode Kuantitatif dan didapatkan hasil Terdapat pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja terhadap motivasi kerja dan kinerja karyawan, Terdapat pengaruh karakteristik individu terhadap motivasi kerja dan kinerja karyawan, Terdapat pengaruh secara simultan lingkungan kerja dan karakreristik individu terhadap motivasi kerja dan kinerja. Dengan kesimpulan bahwa terdapat pengaruh lingkungan kerja dan karakteristik individu terhadap motivasi kerja dan kinerja karyawan pada CV.Ainun Batara Guru serta Lingkungan kerja dan karakteristik individu memberikan pengaruh secara bersama terhadap motivasi kerja yaitu sebesar 24,3% dan kinerja sebesar 28,3%.
Ultrafast formation of domain walls of a charge density wave in 
SmTe3

We study ultrafast x-ray diffraction on the charge density wave (CDW) of ${\mathrm{SmTe}}_{3}$ using an x-ray free-electron laser. The high momentum and time resolution afforded by the x-ray laser enabled capturing fine wave-vector and time-dependent features of the CDW that originate from fast (in time) and sharp (in real space) variations of the CDW lattice distortion, which we attribute to an inversion of the order parameter. These domain inversions occur near the surface and are caused by the short penetration depth of the near-infrared pump with the wavelength centered at 800 nm, resulting in CDW domain walls perpendicular to the sample surface. These domain walls break the CDW long-range order on the scale of the x-ray probe depth, controlled experimentally by the x-ray incidence angle and suppress the diffraction intensity of the CDW for times much longer than the $\ensuremath{\sim}1\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{ps}$ recovery of the electronic gap observed in time and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We model the spatial and temporal dependences of the order parameter using a simple Ginzburg-Landau model with all the parameters obtained from the published literature. We find reasonable agreement between the calculated and the measured diffraction across the momentum, time, fluence, and incidence angle dependence without adjusting any parameters. We reconstruct the spatial and temporal dependences of the lattice order parameter and find that at long times, depending on the pump fluence, multiple domain walls remain at distances of a few nanometers from the surface.
Numerical study of the SWKB condition of novel classes of exactly solvable systems

The supersymmetric WKB (SWKB) condition is supposed to be exact for all known exactly solvable quantum mechanical systems with the shape invariance. Recently, it was claimed that the SWKB condition was not exact for the extended radial oscillator, whose eigenfunctions consisted of the exceptional orthogonal polynomial, even the system possesses the shape invariance. In this paper, we examine the SWKB condition for the two novel classes of exactly solvable systems: one has the multi-indexed Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials as the main parts of the eigenfunctions, and the other has the Krein–Adler Hermite, Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials. For all of them, one can always remove the [Formula: see text]-dependency from the condition, and it is satisfied with a certain degree of accuracy.