Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE IMPACT OF INNOVATION, KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS AND OIL PRICES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE REGIONS OF KAZAKHSTAN

The study of impact of innovation and diffusion of knowledge for economic growth of European regions and other developed countries is increasingly attracting attention of scientists. Along with this, there are many studies for impact of world economic growth of oil prices. At the same time, there is an insufficient attention to joint assessment and comparative analysis of effectiveness of these internal and external growth factors. Moreover, this important issue has been studying a little in relation to countries with economies in transition. This paper is devoted to the study of the impact of innovation and the knowledge spillover in combination with an assessment of the impact of fluctuations in the world oil price on economic growth of regions of Kazakhstan. Catching-up development models are constructed according to annual data from 2005 to 2016 for 16 regions of Kazakhstan. Calculations based on the panel data with fixed effects have confirmed that costs of technological innovations, their spillovers between regions, healthcare costs, as well as the growth rate of the world oil price positively influenced for economic growth in regions. Moreover, socio-economic conditions reinforced their positive impact on growth. It has been established that changes in the world oil price and costs of technological innovations and their spillovers between regions are effects at the same order, whereas impact of health care costs and socio-economic conditions on regional growth is noticeably weaker. The results of the study confirm that for innovation activity is essential for the economic growth of the oil exporting country as well.
GENETICALLY MODIFIED AND CONVENTIONAL DRY BEAN GENOTYPE RESPONSES TO SOIL FERTILITY

Dry bean is important pulse for the diet of South American population and results related to comparison of genetically modified and conventional dry bean genotypes to soil fertility are limited. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to compare genetically modified and conventional dry bean genotypes to soil fertility. Genotypes evaluated were Olathe Pinto, Olathe 5.1 (genetically modified), BRS Pontal, BRS Pontal 5.1 (genetically modified), Pérola and Pérola 5.1 (genetically modified). Fertility levels were 1 g fertilizer (5-30-15) kg−1 soil (low fertility level) and 2 g fertilizer (5-30-15) per kg soil (high fertility level). These fertility levels were designated as low and high, respectively. Grain yield, number of pods per plants, and seed per pod were significantly increased with the increase in soil fertility. Shoot dry weight, seed per pod, and 100 seed weight were also significantly influenced by genotype treatment. Fertility X genotypes interaction was significant for maximum root length and root dry weight, indicating genotypes responded differently at two fertility levels in relations to these two traits. Shoot dry weight, number of pods per plant, and grain harvest index had significant association with grain yield, indicating that increase in these three traits grain yield can be increased. Grain yield efficiency index (GYEI) was having significant linear association with grain yield. Hence, on the basis of GYEI, genotypes were classified as efficient (E), moderately efficient (ME), and inefficient in nutrient use. Three conventional genotypes (Olathe Pinto, BRS Pontal and Pérola) and one genetically modified genotype (Olathe Pinto 5.1) were classified as moderately efficient and two genetically modified genotypes (Pérola 5.1 and BRS Pontal 5.1) were classified as efficient. None of the genotypes fall into the inefficient group.
Epigenetic analysis of mPer1 promoter in peripheral tissues

E-boxes targeted by BMAL1-CLOCK dimers are crucial for the rhythmic expression of mPer1. We investigated whether DNA methylation, especially E-box CpG methylation, plays a role in the regulation of mPer1 oscillations in mice. E-box-containing amplicons were examined in liver, thymus and testis around-the-clock using bisulfite sequencing, combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) and bisulfite pyrosequencing. Results indicated that mPer1 E-boxes were only hypomethylated in all tissues at all circadian stages, suggesting that E-boxes are open to BMAL1-CLOCK dimers at all times, and thus E-box methylation is most likely not involved in global regulation of the mPer1 rhythm. In addition, low but noticeable methylation of E-box 3 and/or 4 and a sub-group of CpGs nearby were identified in all three tissues, indicating this region as area of preferred methylation, and may have a role in silencing mPer1 transcription.
Differential distribution of estrogen receptor-β and estrogen receptor-α in the porcine ovary

Steroids act on the follicle through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms to regulate follicular growth and steroidogenesis. Estradiol plays a significant role in determining the fate of the developing follicle and acts via specific receptors which are nuclear transcription factors. It has been established that besides classical estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha) novel forms termed ER beta exist. In species studied to date these two types of ERs exhibit different tissue localisation patterns and levels of expression. The present study was performed to determine whether ER alpha and ER beta are differentially expressed in the porcine ovary. Immunohistochemical studies using antibodies to ER alpha and ER beta, established the predominance of ER beta over ER alpha in the porcine ovary. Cyclical changes in estrogen receptor-beta expression were observed. The immunostaining was present in all types of follicles, and decreased in corpus luteum while it regressed. In the contrary estrogen receptor-alpha staining was seen only in large preovulatory follicle and in early corpora lutea.
A place for therapy: Clients reflect on their experiences in psychotherapists’ offices

Previous research suggests that the physical environment of the psychotherapy office is important for treatment engagement, client feelings and behavior, and clinician support. However, there is limited research that includes the voices of psychotherapy clients. The purpose of this study was to explore the meanings clients ascribe to the offices in which they seek treatment in order to develop a fuller picture of the importance of the place of treatment. Eight psychotherapy clients in a large urban city were interviewed about their experiences of their psychotherapy offices using semi-structured protocols. Analysis of interviews identified three main themes in regard to client perception of the offices’ uses: (a) comfort, (b) connection, and (c) insight into the therapist. Results highlight the potential importance of the physical environment in psychotherapy treatment and implications for practice are provided.
Shredders and Riparian Vegetation

Stream invertebrates that feed on leaf litter are intimately tied to the nature and timing of the litter input. These invertebrates are called shredders; they consume streamside, riparian litter that has become trapped in the stream channel. This plant litter accumulates at the leading edge of obstructions in the current and settles out in pools, alcoves, and other depositional zones. Given the extensive literature that has accumulated over the last 20 years, researchers can now develop a general, testable model that relates riparian plant communities to the stream shredders, which depend upon litter derived from those communities.
An All-in-One Application for Temporal Coordinate Transformation in Geodesy and Geoinformatics

Over the years, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have been established in the geosciences as a tool that determines the positions of discrete points (stations) on the Earth’s surface, on global to local spatial scales in a very simple and economical manner. Coordinates obtained by space geodetic measurements ought to be processed, adjusted, and propagated in a given reference frame. As points on the Earth’s surface do not have a fixed position, but rather, are moving with associated velocities, it is inevitable to include those velocities in the coordinate transformation procedure. Station velocities can be obtained from kinematic models of tectonic plate motions. The development and realization of an all-in-one standalone desktop application is presented in this paper. The application unifies coordinate transformation between different realizations (reference frames) of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) and European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (ETRS89) following European Reference Frame Technical Note (EUREF TN) recommendations with temporal shifts of discrete points on the Earth’s surface caused by plate tectonics by integrating no-net rotation (NNR) kinematic models of the Eurasian tectonic plate.
Determinants of CSR disclosure: an evidence from India

Purpose This paper aims to undertake an empirical investigation on firm characteristics determining corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure and its subcategories such as environmental, social and governance disclosures. Design/methodology/approach The sample consisted of listed companies in BSE 500 index for a period of 10 years from 2007 to 2016. Panel data regression method is used for the analysis. Seven variables are analyzed, namely, firm age, financial leverage, firm size, foreign ownership, promoter ownership, export performance, innovation and firm popularity. Findings The result shows that firm age and financial leverage are positively influencing CSR, environmental and social disclosure score but both are negatively influencing governance score. Firm size is positively associated with all four disclosure scores. Among ownership variables, foreign ownership shows a positive influence and promoters ownership shows a negative influence towards CSR, environment and social disclosures. No association is found between both ownership variables and governance disclosure score. Further analysis also finds that there is a difference in this relationship during crisis period. Research limitations/implications The study focuses only on listed companies in Indian capital market. In terms of implication, theoretical bases discussed in the literature review and hypotheses development are mostly validated. Practical implications The findings are important for the firm, stakeholders and policymakers. A firm may think about appointing experts in CSR to spend the amount wisely and improve CSR disclosure to compete in the international market; stakeholders have to pressure the firm to provide more CSR disclosure and for policymakers this study study provides useful inputs to design legal framework on CSR. Originality/value The measurement of CSR disclosure using environmental, social and governance (ESG) score is novel in Indian context, even though the methodology is often used in literature.
Impact of Environmental CSR, Service Quality, Emotional Attachment, and Price Perception on Word-of-Mouth for Full-Service Airlines

This research aimed to develop a theoretical framework relating environmental corporate social responsibility (environmentally friendly business, compliance with environmental regulations, environmentally friendly products/services, environment-related mission, environmental preservation efforts), service quality, emotional attachment, and word-of-mouth in the full-service airline industry. A quantitative approach with a survey methodology was used for attaining the research goals. Our empirical findings demonstrated that environmental corporate social responsibility plays a crucial role in eliciting airline customers’ word-of-mouth, and that service quality and emotional attached have a critical mediating effect. In addition, price perception moderated the degree of the relationship strength between environmental corporate social responsibility and word-of-mouth. The salient contribution of emotional attachment to the prediction power increase of the proposed model for word-of-mouth was also uncovered. Overall, this research presents apparent understanding of airline corporate social responsibility for the environment and its role in the process of generating word-of-mouth.
Identifying the optimal spatial distribution of tracers for optical sensing of stream surface flow

Abstract. River monitoring is of particular interest as a society that faces increasingly complex water management issues. Emerging technologies have contributed to opening new avenues for improving our monitoring capabilities but have also generated new challenges for the harmonised use of devices and algorithms. In this context, optical-sensing techniques for stream surface flow velocities are strongly influenced by tracer characteristics such as seeding density and their spatial distribution. Therefore, a principal research goal is the identification of how these properties affect the accuracy of such methods. To this aim, numerical simulations were performed to consider different levels of tracer clustering, particle colour (in terms of greyscale intensity), seeding density, and background noise. Two widely used image-velocimetry algorithms were adopted: (i) particle-tracking velocimetry (PTV) and (ii) particle image velocimetry (PIV). A descriptor of the seeding characteristics (based on seeding density and tracer clustering) was introduced based on a newly developed metric called the Seeding Distribution Index (SDI). This index can be approximated and used in practice as SDI=ν0. 1/ρρcν1, where ν, ρ, and ρcν1 are the spatial-clustering level, the seeding density, and the reference seeding density at ν=1, respectively. A reduction in image-velocimetry errors was systematically observed for lower values of the SDI; therefore, the optimal frame window (i.e. a subset of the video image sequence) was defined as the one that minimises the SDI. In addition to numerical analyses, a field case study on the Basento river (located in southern Italy) was considered as a proof of concept of the proposed framework. Field results corroborated numerical findings, and error reductions of about 15.9 % and 16.1 % were calculated – using PTV and PIV, respectively – by employing the optimal frame window.
Anther culture response of F1 durum × bread wheat hybrids after colchicine application

The effect of colchicine on the androgenic response of durum × bread wheat F1 hybrids was studied. For this, three Greek durum wheat cultivars, exhibiting good yield and pasta quality, were crossed to two bread wheat cultivars with good response to anther culture. Spikes of the resulting hybrids, containing microspores in the mid to late uninucleate stage, were selected and cultured on two different media (W14 and solid potato-2) with and without colchicine. A negative effect on anther culture response was observed when colchicine was added to the W14 induction medium. A similar effect was observed in two of the hybrids when they were cultured on to potato-2 induction medium. In both induction media, green plant production was influenced negatively by colchicine treatment. The same was observed in albino plant production. The results of the present study support the view that anther culture response is strongly genotype dependent. Finally, potato-2 induction medium was the most suitable one for the material studied.
On the Biology of Ergasilus Confusus Bere, 1931 (Copepoda), Infesting Yellow Perch, Perca Fluviatilis L., in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario, Canada

[Der Copepode Ergasilus confusus Bere lebt auf dem Barsch Perca fluviatilis L. Jahreszeitliche Veranderungen des Vorkommens von E. confusus und der Befallsrate wurden ein Jahr lang registriert. Das Vorkommen ist groser im Sommer, die Befallsrate hoher im Winter. Das geringere Vorkommen im Winter scheint auf Fehler der Sammeltechnik wahrend dieser Jahreszeit zuruckzufuhren zu sein. Vorkommen und Befallsrate sind sehr gering im Herbst, da uberwinternde Copepoden-Weibchen noch nicht befallsfahig sind. Der Befall durch uberwinternde Copepoden dauert bis Dezember. Die ersten eiertragenden Copepoden-Weibchen wurden am 10. Mai angetroffen, Individuen mit schlupfenden Nauplien am 23. Mai. E. confusus besitzt offenbar zwei Sommergenerationen. Der Befall durch die erste Sommergeneration geschieht wahrend der zweiten Junihalfte; der Befall durch die zweite Sommergeneration im Verlauf des August. Die Eierproduktion wird im Oktober eingestellt. Vorkommen und Befallsrate sind offenbar positiv korreliert mit der Korpergrose der gepruften Barsche. Die Copepoden waren nicht gleichmasig uber die verschiedenen Kiemenbogen verteilt; die meisten bevorzugten die zweiten und dritten Kiemenbogen. Die uberwinternden Weibchen sind wesentlich groser und produzieren mehr Eier pro Brut als die der Sommergenerationen. Die erste Sommergeneration produziert mehr Eier pro Brut als die zweite. Die Carapax-Lange eiertragender Weibchen und deren Eizahlen scheinen positiv miteinander korreliert zu sein. , Der Copepode Ergasilus confusus Bere lebt auf dem Barsch Perca fluviatilis L. Jahreszeitliche Veranderungen des Vorkommens von E. confusus und der Befallsrate wurden ein Jahr lang registriert. Das Vorkommen ist groser im Sommer, die Befallsrate hoher im Winter. Das geringere Vorkommen im Winter scheint auf Fehler der Sammeltechnik wahrend dieser Jahreszeit zuruckzufuhren zu sein. Vorkommen und Befallsrate sind sehr gering im Herbst, da uberwinternde Copepoden-Weibchen noch nicht befallsfahig sind. Der Befall durch uberwinternde Copepoden dauert bis Dezember. Die ersten eiertragenden Copepoden-Weibchen wurden am 10. Mai angetroffen, Individuen mit schlupfenden Nauplien am 23. Mai. E. confusus besitzt offenbar zwei Sommergenerationen. Der Befall durch die erste Sommergeneration geschieht wahrend der zweiten Junihalfte; der Befall durch die zweite Sommergeneration im Verlauf des August. Die Eierproduktion wird im Oktober eingestellt. Vorkommen und Befallsrate sind offenbar positiv korreliert mit der Korpergrose der gepruften Barsche. Die Copepoden waren nicht gleichmasig uber die verschiedenen Kiemenbogen verteilt; die meisten bevorzugten die zweiten und dritten Kiemenbogen. Die uberwinternden Weibchen sind wesentlich groser und produzieren mehr Eier pro Brut als die der Sommergenerationen. Die erste Sommergeneration produziert mehr Eier pro Brut als die zweite. Die Carapax-Lange eiertragender Weibchen und deren Eizahlen scheinen positiv miteinander korreliert zu sein. ]
The Nitrogen Cycle in Lough Neagh, N. Ireland 1975 to 1987

Results from thirteen years of weekly observations are presented on the nitrogen cycle in Lough Neagh. The data comprised catchment and atmospheric inputs, output via the outflow and calculated losses by sedimentation and denitrification. Nitrate-nitrogen in the rivers is the dominant input fraction and the nitrate loading has increased over the period observed. 52 % of the input N sediments to the lake bottom, but 65 % of this is lost by denitrification. In spite of increasing nitrogen inputs, the summer soluble nitrate concentrations have decreased due to uptake by a perpetual crop of the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria agardhii GOMONT.
Implications of Dynamically Variable Traits for Identifying, Classifying, and Measuring Direct and Indirect Effects in Ecological Communities

This article discusses how the presence of dynamic change in traits affecting inter-specific interactions changes the ways in which interactions between species are distinguished, classified, and measured. The prevalence of models lacking any trait dynamics has led to methods of identifying and measuring indirect effects that are not valid when phenotypically or evolutionarily plastic traits affect interspecific interactions. When traits are dynamic, the number of links in a dynamic model can no longer be used to distinguish direct and indirect effects, and classifying interactions by a single sign denoting effect on equilibrium density becomes problematic. The presence of trait dynamics also changes the interpretation of manipulative experiments that have been used to measure indirect effects. Because both traits and population densities can transmit indirect effects, a given ordered series of species will often transmit several indirect effects, which may have opposite signs. Because some traits can change very rapidly, dynamic equations describing population growth rates may often include the densities of species that interact indirectly with the given species. Some of the conceptual problems in comparing magnitudes of direct and indirect effects are illustrated by simple models of a three-species food chain. Different methods of measuring effect magnitudes can give different conditions for when direct effects are larger than indirect effects. Other terminology related to indirect effects, including interaction modification and higher-order interaction, is critically discussed. Given the present paucity of information about trait dynamics, it may be premature to attempt to compare magnitudes of direct and indirect effects.
Credit Supply, Firms, and Earnings Inequality

We study the distributional effects of a monetary policy-induced firm-level credit supply shock on individual wages and employment. To this end, we construct a novel dataset that links worker employment histories to firms' bank credit relationships in Germany. We document that firms in relationships with banks that were more exposed to negative monetary policy rates in 2014 see a relative reduction in credit supply. A negative credit supply shock in turn is associated with lower firm-level average wages and employment. These effects are concentrated among distinct worker groups within firms, with initially lower-paid workers more likely to be fired and initially higher-paid workers more likely to receive wage cuts. At the same time, wages decline by more at initially higher-paying firms. Consequently, wage inequality within and between firms decreases. Our results suggest that monetary policy has important distributional effects in the labor market.