Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Competitive Ratios for Online Multi-capacity Ridesharing

In multi-capacity ridesharing, multiple requests (e.g., customers, food items, parcels) with different origin and destination pairs travel in one resource. In recent years, online multi-capacity ridesharing services (i.e., where assignments are made online) like Uber-pool, foodpanda, and on-demand shuttles have become hugely popular in transportation, food delivery, logistics and other domains. This is because multi-capacity ridesharing services benefit all parties involved { the customers (due to lower costs), the drivers (due to higher revenues) and the matching platforms (due to higher revenues per vehicle/resource). Most importantly these services can also help reduce carbon emissions (due to fewer vehicles on roads). Online multi-capacity ridesharing is extremely challenging as the underlying matching graph is no longer bipartite (as in the unit-capacity case) but a tripartite graph with resources (e.g., taxis, cars), requests and request groups (combinations of requests that can travel together). The desired matching between resources and request groups is constrained by the edges between requests and request groups in this tripartite graph (i.e., a request can be part of at most one request group in the final assignment). While there have been myopic heuristic approaches employed for solving the online multi-capacity ridesharing problem, they do not provide any guarantees on the solution quality. To that end, this paper presents the first approach with bounds on the competitive ratio for online multi-capacity ridesharing (when resources rejoin the system at their initial location/depot after serving a group of requests).
Genetic Identity of Transplanted Arctic Char: Implications for Restocking Programs

Abstract The Sunapee char (Salvelinus alpinus oquassa), an endemic landlocked Arctic char of Sunapee Lake, New Hampshire, disappeared in the mid-1900s due to competition with introduced fishes. Sunapee char differed from other lacustrine North American Arctic char in their unique coloration, large size, and use of a midlake spawning shoal. Before their disappearance, Sunapee char were stocked in a series of small lakes in Idaho; stocked fish have become reproductively established in Sawtooth Lake. Because fish from Floods Pond, Maine, had been labeled “Sunapee trout,” due to their physical similarity to Sunapee Lake char, we wanted to examine the genetic similarity between these populations. If they were found to be identical, fish from Floods Pond might be usable as a source to reintroduce the subspecies into New Hampshire, Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment variation was used to compare Arctic char from Sawtooth Lake, Idaho, with Arctic char populations in Maine, Quebec, New Brunswick, and E.
Optimal Dynamic Carbon Taxation in the Presence of Business Cycles and Market Frictions

Though carbon dioxide emissions have implications for both national and international policy, they are by and large the result of decisions made at a more micro level. This paper begins from this realization and models the United States economy in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework while including market imperfections in the form of monopolistic competition, labor income taxation, and nominal frictions in optimal price setting on the part of firms. It is within this second-best setting that the question of optimal carbon taxation is considered alongside optimal revenue recycling. The central findings from this analysis are that using environmental revenues to reduce distortionary taxes does not yield the same benefit as returning revenues in a lump-sum fashion, and that following the implementation of an environmental tax average utility increases by as much as 24%.
Predicting Mortality Risk in Patients with Coronavirus or Influenza using Artificial Intelligence

Overview: About 120,000 people are infected with 2019-nCoV virus and have developed Covid-19 at the time of writing (12 th March 2020) [1]. This study researched the mortality risk after admission to hospital for patients with medium to severe symptoms based on length of stay in hospital [2]. The AI that was trained in this paper can be used for health systems to support prioritisation, to inform hospital treatment and to optimise bed management or for people to estimate a level of quarantine based on their medical history. The AI is available online for free on https:\\www.coronavirusrisk. org for individuals accessible with an easy user interface. For processing large population datasets a Webservice endpoint is available from https://www.i5analytics. com/free-healthcare-ai. Objective: The use of this tool is to provide estimations of peoples’ health risks in the event of infection from 2019-nCoV and development of Covid-19 and admission to hospital or people without symptoms to predict their vulnerability and estimate their quarantine levels. While quarantine has been used to reduce spread of infection, stringent blanket quarantines are difficult to implement and have sparked violence and tension between states and citizens in the past [3]. This information could be used to support the decision to increase the level of quarantine for people at high risk of infection by identifying risk factors. Results: The best performing Neural Network had 255 inputs (features), with 244 diagnosis and 11 age band codes. This network was able to re-categorise 98.9% of patients in the training data set into three bands of outcomes: medium, severe and died. The accuracy of re-categorisation of new patients into the three bands was 80.1% with an error rate of 19.9%. Levels of prediction will be improved once new data on 2019-nCov is available [4].
ON SUBADDITIVE DUALITY FOR CONIC

In this paper, we show that the subadditive dual of a feasible conic mixed-integer program (MIP) is a strong dual whenever it is feasible. Moreover, we show that this dual feasibility condition is equivalent to feasibility of the conic dual of the continuous relaxation of the conic MIP. In addition, we prove that all known conditions and other “natural” conditions for strong duality, such as strict mixed-integer feasibility, boundedness of the feasible set, or essentially strict feasibility, imply that the subadditive dual is feasible. As an intermediate result, we extend the so-called “finiteness property” from full-dimensional convex sets to intersections of full-dimensional convex sets and Dirichlet convex sets.
The Effects of Sponsorship Disclosure in Blog Posts on Persuasion Knowledge, Brand Responses and Source Credibility Moderated by Product Involvement

This study examines if different types of sponsorship disclosure (namely direct, indirect and no sponsorship disclosure) affect persuasion knowledge, brand responses and source credibility in blogs. Moreover, the study examines whether product involvement moderates these relations. Up till now, research on the effects of sponsorship disclosures in blogs is limited to a direct sponsorship disclosure; the use of an indirect sponsorship disclosure was not taken into account. An online survey was performed, in which the participants were exposed to a blog post about a backpack brand. The blog post contained a direct, an indirect or no sponsorship disclosure. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three sponsorship disclosure conditions and either high or low product involvement. Regarding types of sponsorship disclosure it was found that both, the direct and indirect, disclosures lowered perceived source credibility of the blogger and increased participants’ recognition of the blog post as advertising. Moreover, participants with high product involvement perceived the brand as more positive. However, based on this study it cannot be assumed that product involvement moderates the effects of sponsorship disclosure. The study provides advanced insight in the research field of sponsorship disclosure in blogs.
The Effect of Ultrasound-Measured Preinduction Cervical Length on Delivery Outcome in a Low-Resource Setting

Background Induction of labour is not without risk, and it calls for a method that will be sensitive enough to predict successful labour induction. Aim This study aims to evaluate the role of transvaginal ultrasonographic cervical length measurement at term in the prediction of successful induction of labour (IOL). Materials and Methods This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki between 1st of July and 30th of November 2015. Preinduction Bishop score and cervical length were assessed before induction of labour. Intracervical, cervical, extraamniotic Foley catheter was used to improve the Bishop score. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Results The mean maternal age of the study group was 30.68 ± 6.38 years with a range of 19–43 years. The mean gestational age and parity were 39.57 ± 1.49 and 1.85 ± 0.63, respectively. All the women studied had successful induction of labour with mean induction delivery time of 8.1 ± 3.0 hours and mean duration of labour of 7.4 ± 2.9 hours. Preinduction cervical length is a good predictor of a short duration of labour (P = 0.001). Parturient with a preinduction cervical length of less than 3 cm was likely to have labour lasting less than 6 hours (RR = 4.20 (95% CI 1.85–9.529). Conclusion Transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length provides a useful prediction of the likelihood of duration of labour following the induction of labour. It is recommended that IOL should be considered and success anticipated in a parturient with a cervical length less than 3 cm.
Wind power and the labor market in the Brazilian Northeast: a spatial propensity score matching approach

Debates on the importance of renewable energy sources have arisen in the context of climate change. Wind power is a renewable and clean energy source with minimal environmental impact. Also, the existing literature indicates that the installation of wind farms can be an important channel for local development through job and income generation. In this context, this study aims to analyze the relationship between the presence of wind farms and the labor market outcomes of the municipalities of the Northeast region of Brazil, which contains around 80% of the installed capacity of this technology in the country. The database of this study is built from several public data sources. The methodological approach taken was a combination of propensity score matching and the estimation of the average treatment effect. However, we consider the existence of spatial dependence of the municipalities in the estimation of the propensity score. The results suggest that the presence of wind power plants is positively related to increases in the total wage of the municipalities, mostly in sectors such as construction, transportation, and logistics. In addition, the presence of these plants allows the shifting of resources to the agricultural sector.
Allozyme Evidence of Genetic Differentiation Between Populations of Hediste Diversicolor (Polychaeta: Nereididae) from the Western Mediterranean

The occurrence of genetic differentiation among western Mediterranean Hediste diversicolor (Polychaeta: Nereididae) populations was assessed by allozyme electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. Seventeen loci were analysed in four populations. The level of the genetic variability was markedly low (mean HL range: 0.014–0.034), but comparable to that of other brackish water nereidids. The values of Nei genetic distance index (D) confirm the existence of genetic differentiation between the geographically isolated populations at Venice, Elba, Navicelli and Serchio D range: 0.128–0.356). However, the two samples from Serchio and Navicelli, ~15 km apart, were not genetically different (D=0·00005). The level of genetic differentiation in H. diversicolor populations followed the isolation-by-distance model. Reduced gene flow among H. diversicolor populations may be explained by its limited dispersal capacity and the eco-physiological barriers that occur between different brackish habitats.
Characterization of the DNA Binding and Structural Properties of the BRCT region of the p140 subunit of human Replication Factor C

BRCT domains, present in a large number of proteins that are involved in cellcycle regulation and/or DNA replication or repair, are primarily thought to be involved in protein-protein interactions. The large (p140) subunit of Replication Factor C contains roughly ~100 amino acids in the N-terminal half, which has been shown to bind DNA. This domain also contains sequences distantly related to known BRCT domains. Here we demonstrate that a region of p140 that encompasses the BRCT domain contains two distinct DNA binding activities. Residues 375 to 480, which include 28 amino acids Nterminal to the conserved BRCT domain, contain a binding activity specific for 5’phosphorylated dsDNA while a non-sequence or structure specific dsDNA binding activity requires an additional 65 amino acids C-terminal to the BRCT domain (residues 480-545). The N-terminal extension provides an extra -helix to an otherwise conserved BRCT domain. However, the extended domain is flexible in the absence of a DNA ligand. Although the 65 amino acid region C-terminal to the BRCT domain is unstructured when expressed by itself, a larger polypeptide incorporating these sequences (375-545) is well ordered even in the absence of the DNA ligand. This suggests that the complete structural unit in the intact protein includes amino acids 375-545. M.Kobayashi, M. C. van Wijk, L. Jansen and G. Siegal (Parts of this chapter and of chapter 3 will be submitted for publication)
A preliminary investigation of the lipids of abyssal holothurians from the north-east Atlantic Ocean

The dominant lipids of seven species of abyssal holothurians (Oneirophanta mutabilis, Pseudostichopus villosus, Psychropotes longicauda, Deima validium, Parariza prouhoi, Amperima rosea and Molpadia blakei) have been examined in detail. Fatty acid compositions are qualitatively similar to those of shallow-water holothurians, but relatively higher amounts of unsaturated compounds in the deep sea animals are ascribed to an adaptation of the latter to maintain membrane fluidity at high pressure and low temperature. The sterol distributions of abyssal holothurians are complex, with mixtures of C26–C30 sterols being present in all of the animals. These are most likely to be dietary in origin; the holothurians substitute Δ5 with Δ7 unsaturation, via Δ5,7 or Δ0 intermediates. 14α-methylcholest-9(11)-enol, which is a common product of de novo biosynthesis in shallow-water holothurians is absent in all of the deep-water species. Furthermore, cholest-7-enol, the dominant product of de novo biosynthesis in shallow water animals, is a relatively minor component in all of the species, except A. rosea. This holothurian is also the only one that appears to assimilate 4α-methylsterols directly and contains high amounts of steryl sulphates. There are significant interspecies differences in the free sterol distributions which may reflect their different feeding strategies or niches.
INTERDEPENDÊNCIA ENTRE OS MERCADOS MUNDIAIS DE AÇÕES: UMA ANÁLISE DE VOLATILIDADES

This study aims to verify the existence of causality and interdependence between the different volatilities of world stock indices. The five major indices of stock exchanges in the global scenario besides Ibovespa were evaluated: Dow Jones Industrial Average, Nasdaq Composite Index, Nikkei-225, Standard & Poor’s 500 and Financial Times Stock Exchange. We used the methodology of time series with stationary tests of Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and KPSS Granger causality for the series of indices. The results indicate that the contents do not have any tendency. They behave in the same level, with an average constant over time. Moreover, the observed changes in the Ibovespa volatility do not cause any interference in the U.S. Dow Jones index and S&P500. In the opposite direction, analyzing the causality of global markets on Ibovespa, this study showed that the volatility of Nasdaq, S&P500 and Nikkei do not cause changes in the
DYE ANALYSIS OF PRE-COLUMBIAN PERUVIAN TEXTILES WITH HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND DIODE-ARRAY DETECTION

AbstractA series of textiles belonging to various pre-Columbian civilizations as well as a series of present-day Peruvian natural dyes were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and diode-array detection. The analytical results were classified according to the composition of known dyes or to specific compositional patterns of unknown dyes. Plant reds (from Relbunium species) and animal reds (cochineal from the scale insect Dactylopius coccus) were each predominantly present before and after the Huari and Tiahuanaco cultural periods (700–1100 A.D.), respectively. During these periods both reds were found together. One red and one yellow vegetal dye were both found to occur in the Paracas necropolis only. The analysis of the complex yellow dyes may be useful for the determination of early Peruvian dyes.
An Investigation of Sanitary Indicator Bacteria in a Macrophyte Wastewater‐Treatment System

During recent years, many studies have attempted to determine the efficiency of macrophyte systems in removing a wide range of chemical substances and in the amelioration of wastewaters to attain effluent‐quality standards. However, despite the importance of microbiological indicators of water quality for determining the suitability of water for recreational and public‐supply purposes, little research has focused on the dynamics of sanitary indicator bacteria in macrophyte systems. This study reports the initial findings of such an investigation for a macrophyte raft‐lagoon system which was used in the treatment of sewage at Sowerby Bridge, West Yorkshire, England.
Studies of The Vertebrate Telencephalon. I. The nuclear configuration of the olfactory and accessory olfactory formations and of the nucleus olfactorius anterior of certain reptiles, birds, and mammals

This paper is the first of a projected series of reports on the nuclear configuration and the fiber connections of the telencephalon in reptiles, birds, and mammals. It is hoped that such studies may aid in a better understanding of the morphologic pattern common to this forebrain region in all these forms, and that it may contribute somewhat to a further appreciation of some of those factors which, during the course of phylogeny, have led to modifications and variations of this common pattern resulting in the appearance of those differentiations and specializations of structure which characterize the various classes constituting these orders and in some instances individual members of these classes. Since in the course of phylogeny, the hemispheres begin their development under the influence of the olfactory system, it is fitting that studies of this type should begin with a consideration of the primary and secondary olfactory centers.
A Dynamic Model of the Western Lake Erie Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) Population

A simple population model of western Lake Erie walleye was constructed using empirical relationships linking growth to population density and recruitment to breeding stock size and the spring water temperature regime. Given a reasonable set of values for annual rates of natural and fishing mortalities, consistent with empirical estimates of total survival for the period from 1947 to 1975, the model generated a pattern of behaviour similar, both qualitatively and quantitatively, to that exhibited by the real population. Two types of stochastic model, based on the initial population model, were used to derive optimal harvest strategies for the population. Optimal strategies were not sensitive to variations in catchability and natural mortality. Yields produced were highly sensitive to variations in both these factors. A refined and extended version of this model may serve as a useful tool in developing realistic management policies for this population. Key words: Percidae, dynamic model, population model, S.
The differentiation of the infective larvae of some common nematode parasites of cattle.

Studies are reported on the differential diagnosis of the infective larvae of Strongyloides papillosus, Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia oncophora, C. punctata, C. pectinata, Bunostornum phlebotomum, Nematodirus sp. , and Oesophagostomum (Bosicola) radiatum, all of which occur in cattle in Queensland. These larvae can be readily identified by the length and shape of the tail, assisted by body length, body width, certain head and tail structures, and by the presence or absence of a sheath. A key for the identification of the larvae is given. Photographs of the larvae are also provided to assist identification.
CONTROL OPTIMIZATION OF TRANSCRITICAL CO2 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS OPERATING IN SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE

For vapour compression cycles where, heat rejection occurs under transcritical pressure, an optimum pressure that maximizes the COP exists. The most common application of this situation are CO2 transcritical systems. The paper presents two different air conditioning systems operating in subtropical conditions, which have different control techniques to set the gascooler pressure to its optimum value. Simulation studies has been carried out in order to get the optimum gas cooler pressure for each system, to compare differences of both systems and for analysing the COP improvement of these systems respect to the baseline split air conditioning system without pressure control. The simulated values of the optimum gascooler pressure for both systems were compared with other correlations of literature, showing different deviations depending on the analysed system.
Effect of Added Fat on the Rheological Properties of Wheat Flour Doughs

ABSTRACT The effect of added fat content on the rheological properties of wheat flour doughs was determined for three different added fat contents (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%) at 25°C using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and stress relaxation (SR) tests. Frequency sweeps indicated that added fat had a plasticizing effect on G′ and G″ in the rubbery region. SR results were parameterized using a Maxwell model and a Williams-Watts (WW) model. The WW model indicated that each dough could be characterized by just two major relaxation modes, while four elements were needed for the Maxwell model. The average relaxation time for the shorter process was <1 sec and was not affected by added fat. However, the average relaxation time for the longer WW process actually increased from 107 to 261 sec with added fat up to 5%, and then decreased again. Taken together, these results suggest that added fat actually delayed the onset of viscous flow, while simultaneously attenuating the short-time elastic properties of the gluten.