Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects on alcohol consumption of announcing and implementing revised UK low-risk drinking guidelines: findings from an interrupted time series analysis

Background In January 2016, the UK announced and began implementing revised guidelines for low-risk drinking of 14 units (112 g) per week for men and women. This was a reduction from the previous guidelines for men of 3–4 units (24–32 g) per day. There was no large-scale promotion of the revised guidelines beyond the initial media announcement. This paper evaluates the effect of announcing the revised guidelines on alcohol consumption among adults in England. Methods Data come from a monthly repeat cross-sectional survey of approximately 1700 adults living in private households in England collected between March 2014 and October 2017. The primary outcomes are change in level and time trend of participants’ Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test—Consumption (AUDIT-C) scores. Results In December 2015, the modelled average AUDIT-C score was 2.719 out of 12 and was decreasing by 0.003 each month. After January 2016, AUDIT-C scores increased immediately but non-significantly to 2.720 (β=0.001, CI −0.079 to 0.099) and the trend changed significantly such that scores subsequently increased by 0.005 each month (β=0.008, CI 0.001 to 0.015), equivalent to 0.5% of the population increasing their AUDIT-C score by 1 point each month. Secondary analyses indicated the change in trend began 7 months before the guideline announcement and that AUDIT-C scores reduced significantly but temporarily for 4 months after the announcement (β=−0.087, CI −0.167 to 0.007). Conclusions Announcing new UK drinking guidelines did not lead to a substantial or sustained reduction in drinking or a downturn in the long-term trend in alcohol consumption, but there was evidence of a temporary reduction in consumption.
Association of Depressive Symptoms with Perceived Stress and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Treatment-Naïve Patients with Breast Cancer

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the levels and associations among depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in treatment-naïve patients with breast cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study with one case and two control groups. Patients with breast cancer, matched patients with depression, and matched healthy women completed questionnaires and blood collection between May 2015 and March 2017. Data were analyzed using the general linear model and linear regression model. Results: The severity of depressive symptoms and perceived stress among patients with breast cancer was significantly higher than that in healthy controls and lower than those in patients with depression. Interleukin-1β was lower in patients with breast cancer than the other two groups. Perceived stress was independently and positively associated with depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer. There were no significant associations between cytokines and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Women with breast cancer experienced increased perceived stress prior to anticancer treatment, which was a strong contributor to severe symptoms of depression. Results emphasize the need to screen and identify patients with high perceived stress shortly after the disclosure of the diagnosis of breast cancer. Further research in larger sample is needed to investigate the relationship between proinflammatory cytokines and depressive symptoms.
A Micro-computed Tomography (micro-CT) Analysis of Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Rat Models Supplemented with Ficus carica -

Osteoporosis prevalence is higher among the women than men as women are facing the declining of estrogen hormone during menopause. Estrogen deficient osteoporosis is conventionally prevented by estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) which is known to be effective but exerted many adverse effects. Ficus carica (FC) or fig is a fruit rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory sources that are believed to contribute to its potential as ERT alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of FC supplementation on the trabecular microarchitecture of postmenopausal osteoporotic rats. Fifty-six adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into groups of Sham-operated (Sham), ovariectomized control (OVX), ovariectomized with 64.5 µg/kg estrogen Premarin (ERT), ovariectomized with 50 mg/kg aqueous extract of FC (FC50), ovariectomized with 100 mg/kg aqueous extract of FC (FC100), ovariectomized with 50 mg/kg raw extract of FC (RAW50) and ovariectomized with 100 mg/kg raw extract of FC (RAW100). The treatments were given daily via oral gavage for eight weeks. After the treatment, rats were euthanized and femora were dissected out for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. Trabecular structure of OVX femur showed significant osteoporotic deterioration in bone volume, trabecular separation, structural model index and connectivity density. While ERT significantly reversed the osteoporotic-induced bone changes up to Sham level and RAW50 showed the best results in preserving bone microarchitecture which is comparable to ERT. In conclusion, raw extraction of FC has high potential as an alternative against osteoporosis due to its high mineral contents and bioactive compounds that possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.
The effect of canola, sesame and sesame-canola oils on body fat and composition in adults: a triple-blind, three-way randomised cross-over clinical trial

Abstract The present study aimed to examine the effect of replacing edible oils with sesame oil (SO), canola oil (CO) and sesame-canola oil (SCO) on body weight and composition in adults. Adults without any chronic diseases (n = 77) were entered a 4-week run-in period and then were randomised to receive SO, CO and SCO for their household use in 9-week intervention periods (separated by 4-week washout intervals). Anthropometric measurements, as well as body composition markers, were assessed at baseline, middle and after each intervention period. In total, 73 participants completed the study. Although significant time effects were seen for waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, central obesity index, body adiposity index, muscle mass and body fat percent (p time<.05), the treatment and treatment × time effects were not significant (p>.05). The present clinical trial revealed that CO, SO and SCO might not differently affect body fat and composition. Trial registration code: IRCT2016091312571N6 (http://en.irct.ir/trial/12622).
EMPAGLIFLOZIN IS MORE EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING MICROALBUMINURIA AND ALT LEVELS COMPARED WITH DAPAGLIFLOZIN: REAL LIFE EXPERIENCE.

Context Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are oral antidiabetic agents that can be used with insulin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, known for cardiovascular and renal benefits. Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin are available in Turkey and we aimed to evaluate real-life data of using these two molecules with other oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) or insulin. Subjects and methods 119 patients (59 women, 60 men) files who had started SGLT2i between 2017-2019 were examined retrospectively until 6 months after the treatment change. Patients' weight, body mass index (BMI), insulin doses, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio, e-GFR values, ALT, AST, uric acid levels were evaluated at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Results 41.2% of patients were using dapagliflozin and 58.8% were using empagliflozin. After 6 months of follow-up, HbA1c decreased from 8.27% to 7.45% (p<0.001). Daily total insulin dose decreased from 84.75 to 75.58 U/day in 3 months (p<0.004). Weight and BMI decreased significantly at 6 months. ALT, AST decreased significantly in patients using insulin (p 0.001 and 0.007), whereas spot urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio decreased at 3 and 6 months (p 0.005 and 0.020). A significant decrease was also observed in uric acid levels (p: 0.026). Conclusions Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin have beneficial effects on decreasing glycemic parameters, weight, transaminases, uric acid and microalbuminuria in the real life environment. We also observed that SGLT2i and insulin combination is as safe and effective as combination with OAD.
Incorporation of the Tat cell‐penetrating peptide into nanofibers improves the respective antitumor immune response

A major challenge for the development of anticancer vaccines is the induction of a safe and effective immune response, particularly mediated by CD8+ T lymphocytes, in an adjuvant‐free manner. In this respect, we present a simple strategy to improve the specific CD8+ T cell responses using KFE8 nanofibers bearing a Class I (Kb)‐restricted peptide epitope (called E. nanofibers) without the use of adjuvant. We demonstrate that incorporation of Tat, a cell‐penetrating peptide (CPP) of the HIV transactivator protein, into E. nanofibers remarkably enhanced tumor‐specific CD8+ T cell responses. E. nanofibers containing 12.5% Tat peptide (E.Tat12.5 nanofiber) increased antigen cross‐presentation by bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells as compared with E. nanofibers, or E. nanofibers containing 25 or 50% the Tat peptide. Uptake of KFE8.Tat12.5 nanofibers by dendritic cells (DCs) was significantly increased compared with KFE8 nanofiber lacking Tat. Peritoneal and lymph node DCs of mice immunized with E.Tat12.5 nanofibers exhibited increased presentation of the H2kb‐epitope (reminiscent for cross‐presentation) compared with DCs obtained from E. nanofiber vaccinated mice. Tetrameric and intracellular cytokine staining revealed that vaccination with E.Tat12.5 triggered a robust and specific CD8+ T lymphocyte response, which was more pronounced than in mice vaccinated with E. nanofibers alone. Furthermore, E.Tat12.5 nanofibers were more potent than E. nanofiber to induce antitumor immune response and tumor‐infiltrating IFN‐γ CD8 T lymphocyte. In terms of cancer vaccine development, we propose that harnessing the nanofiber‐based vaccine platform with incorporated Tat peptide could present a simple and promising strategy to induce highly effective antitumor immune response.
Composition, community structure and vertical distribution of epiphytic ferns on Alsophila setosa Kaulf., in a Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, Morro Reuter, RS, Brazil

Nas florestas tropicais as samambaias arborescentes constituem forofitos importantes para o estabelecimento e ocorrencia de especies epifiticas. A composicao, a estrutura e a distribuicao vertical de samambaias epifiticas foram estudadas sobre Alsophila setosa Kaulf. , em fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, localizado no municipio de Morro Reuter (29o32'07"S e 51o05'26"W), Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram amostrados 60 caudices de no minimo 4 m de altura e eles foram divididos em intervalos de 1 m, a partir do solo. O valor de importância especifico foi estimado a partir da frequencia nos caudices , nos intervalos e do valor de cobertura. Foram registradas 14 especies epifiticas, representando 10 generos e cinco familias. A maior riqueza especifica ocorreu em Polypodiaceae. A curva de rarefacao para a amostra total nao assumiu uma assintota, sendo que foram estimadas entre 14,98 e 16,95 especies, apontando que poucas especies ainda poderiam ser amostradas nessa area. A especie com maior valor de importância e amplitude vertical foi Blechnum binervatum (Poir.) C.V. Morton & Lellinger, com frequencia decrescente no sentido base-apice do caudice. Considerando o predominio de holoepifitos habituais, a remocao de caudices de Alsophila setosa compromete a disponibilidade de microhabitats para epifitos no sub bosque florestal.
Elizabeth Usher Memorial Lecture: Lost in Translation? Challenges and future prospects for a neurobiological approach to aphasia rehabilitation

Abstract While there has been considerable progress in conducting trials of aphasia therapy, there is no consistent evidence for long-term benefits of aphasia treatment, suggesting the need to reconsider current approaches. There are also no accurate methods for determining the amount, type and timing of aphasia therapy that should be provided for an individual. At the same time, there has been increasing interest in applying various principles of neuroplasticity to aphasia treatment and using measures of brain structure and function to predict recovery. This article will consider the potential of neuroplasticity principles and neurobiological predictors to improve our current approach to aphasia rehabilitation and optimise outcomes. Reviewing these principles highlights some of the challenges of translating animal model-based principles and emphases the need to also consider relevant theories of human learning. While considerable progress has been made in considering neurobiological principles and using measures of brain structure and function to predict recovery, there is significant work required to achieve the full potential of this neurobiological approach to aphasia management.
Kratom Dependence and Treatment Options: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

Kratom, or Mitragyna speciosa Korth. , is a tropical plant prevalent in Southeast Asia, and it is utilized as a traditional remedy for symptomatic relief of various illnesses. It has been labeled as an atypical opioid with significant narcoticlike properties, capable of inducing kratom dependence among those who misuse or abuse it. The prevalence of kratom use has drastically increased worldwide, raising concerns among healthcare providers, particularly regarding the availability of efficacious treatment options for kratom dependence. This manuscript provides a comprehensive narrative review of literature focusing on the psychoactive alkaloids of kratom, the possible neurobiological and pathophysiological models underlying the occurrence of kratom dependence, and the clinical presentations and effective treatment options available for kratom dependence. The psychoactive alkaloids of kratom, such as mitragynine (MG) and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-HMG), act as partial mu opioid agonists and induce kratom dependence. As a result, regular kratom use leads to withdrawal symptoms on abstinence, along with craving, tolerance, and cross-tolerance to morphine. The psychological withdrawal symptoms reported include depressed mood, anxiety, restlessness, irritability, and feeling tense, while the physical withdrawal symptoms are myalgia and body ache, joint pain, lacrimation, running nose, yawning, insomnia, diarrhea, feverish sensation, loss of appetite, tremors, itching over the body, loss of concentration, and chills. Neonatal withdrawal symptoms, such as oral intolerance, restlessness, irritability, and vomiting, are also reported in newborns of women who are on regular kratom use. Sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (Suboxone) is reported as a promising treatment for detoxification and maintenance replacement therapy for kratom-dependent users. Alternative treatments for in-patient detoxification include intravenous clonidine and a combination of oral dihydrocodeine and lofexidine. We conclude by adding a note on the research gap concerning kratom dependence, which future studies should focus on.
Contrast‐enhanced micro‐computed tomography of articular cartilage morphology with ioversol and iomeprol

Non‐ionic, low‐osmolar contrast agents (CAs) used for computed tomography, such as Optiray (ioversol) and Iomeron (iomeprol), are associated with the reduced risk of adverse reactions and toxicity in comparison with ionic CAs, such as Hexabrix. Hexabrix has previously been used for imaging articular cartilage but has been commercially discontinued. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Optiray and Iomeron as alternatives for visualisation of articular cartilage in small animal joints using contrast‐enhanced micro‐computed tomography (CECT). For this purpose, mouse femora were immersed in different concentrations (20%–50%) of Optiray 350 or Iomeron 350 for periods of time starting at five minutes. The femoral condyles were scanned ex vivo using CECT, and regions of articular cartilage manually contoured to calculate mean attenuation at each time point and concentration. For both CAs, a 30% CA concentration produced a mean cartilage attenuation optimally distinct from both bone and background signal, whilst 5‐min immersion times were sufficient for equilibration of CA absorption. Additionally, plugs of bovine articular cartilage were digested by chondroitinase ABC to produce a spectrum of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. These samples were immersed in CA and assessed for any correlation between mean attenuation and GAG content. No significant correlation was found between attenuation and cartilage GAG content for either CAs. In conclusion, Optiray and Iomeron enable high‐resolution morphological assessment of articular cartilage in small animals using CECT; however, they are not indicative of GAG content.
Evaluating Radio Propagation Models Using Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Protocol for MANETs

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) comprises mobile nodes that can exchange data without an organized network architecture. Radio propagation models have important role in keeping the mobile nodes connected. Three radio propagation models that include shadowing model, free space model and two ray ground model are evaluated and analyzed as a core contribution. These models are implemented in MANETs environments in the light of changing traffic and mobility parameters. The effects of the different radio propagation models are analyzed over the destination-sequenced distance-vector (DSDV) routing protocol. In DSDV, the sequence numbers are used to maintain routes and new routes overcome the old routes when sequence numbers of the old routes become obsolete. To better understand the behavior of radio propagation models, simulations are conducted using Network Simulator-2. The metrics used in simulations include ratio of packet delivery, throughput, average delay, and packet drop ratio in a relation with the pause time and mobility parameters. The obtained results indicate that the two ray ground model is more suited for the DSDV protocol than the random waypoint model in terms of packet success ratio, data packets sent, throughput, and average network delay. Further, the model has a lower value for packets dropped than the Free Space and Shadowing models at higher pause times.
EFFECT OF CULTIVAR AND HARVEST DATE ON THIOLS, ASCORBATE AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CONTENT IN BLUEBERRIES

The study was carried out on two highbush blueberry cultivars: Bluecrop and Darrow in 2001 and 2002 seasons. Analyses for phytochemical contents in berries were made during commercial maturity of fruit. Concentration of anthocyanins and low mo- lecular weight thiol compounds was significantly higher inDarrowberries in compari- son to Bluecrop cv. , irrespective of the harvest year. Tested cultivars did not differ in the ratio of the reduced form of glutathione in its total quantity. As opposed to this, the higher proportion of the reduced form of ascorbate in its total concentration was noted for ´Bluecrop´, but it was statistically proven only in the first year of research. A very low ac- tivity of antioxidative enzymes was noted, however on the average, considerably higher activity of glutathione reductase showedDarrow´, whereasBluecrophad higher cata- lase activity. The ascorbate peroxidase activity was not detected in the extracts of ´Bluecrops' berries. Berries ofDarrow´, which exhibited, in general, the higher antioxi- dants content in the first year of the study, were harvested at two different dates in 2002: in the middle of July and at the end of August. The harvest date had a significant effect on the level of some phytochemicals. The fruit harvested in August had lower content of cys- teine, glutathione, phenolics, flavonols and anthocyanins than the ones harvested in July. Ascorbate content was similar at both harvest dates. Growing season also had the influ- ence on antioxidant properties, especially on the content of ascorbic acid.
Soybean (Glycine max L) genotype and environment interaction effect on yield and other related traits.

Aims: To evaluate genetic variability of five soybean genotypes, and assess genotype × environment effect on seed yield and yield related traits. Study Design: Split-plot, replicated three times. Genotypes were fixed effect while plots (main 60 m2 and subplot 12 m2) were random effects. The sub-plot consists of 4 rows 5 m long with 60 cm and 10 cm inter and intra-row spacing. Place and Duration: El Gantra, Range and Pasture Farm in Sennar State of the Sudan during 2009 and 2010 cropping season. Methodology: Five soybean genotypes NA 5009 RG; TGx 1904-6F, TGx 1740-2F, TGx 1937-1F and Soja were evaluated. A strain of Rhizobium japonicum was used for inoculation at a rate of 10 g per kg of soybean seed using a sugary solution in 2009. Inoculation was not carried out due to the assumption that the field had the remnant of inoculum effect in 2010. All the recommended soybean agronomic practices were equally applied. Number of days to 50% flowering was recorded on plot basis when almost half of the sub-plot flowers. Ten plants were randomly selected on plot basis to quantify these traits: Plant height was measured as from ground surface to the base of meri-stem of the mother plant. Number of branches was computed as an average count of branches per plant. Leaf area was computed using Iamauti [12] empirical relationship. The first pod height was measured at full bloom. Number of seeds per pod was counted at physiological Research Article American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 3(4): 977-987, 2013 978 maturity of the crop. 100-seed weight was determined randomly from a seed bulk using a digital weighing machine. Seed yield was quantified after harvest and converted into kg/hectare. Results: The effect of genotype (G), environment (E) and G × E interactions on pod number per plant; plant height, first pod height, number of branches per plant, leaf area, number of days to 50% flowering and seed yield were found significant at P=0.05. The highest mean seed yield was obtained from TGx 1937-1F (0.98 t/ha). Beside TGx 1740-2F, TGx 1904-6F and Soja were significantly higher than NA 5009 RG in all environments for seed yield. TGx 1937-1F was an intermediate maturing and best in terms of number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant, and leaf area. Correlation coefficient for seed yield showed significant association with days to 50% flowering and leaf area. Conclusion: The best genotype for seed yield across the environments was TGx 1937-1F and TGx 1740-2F, TGx1904-6F and Soja were intermediate and NA 5009 RG was the least. Thus, partitioning G × E into adaptability and phenotypic stability will positively address the information gap on association of traits to yield.