Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strain induced modification in phonon dispersion curves of monolayer boron pnictides

In the frame work of density functional theory, the biaxial strain induced phonon dispersion curves of monolayer boron pnictides (BX, X = N, P, As, and Sb) have been investigated. The electron-ion interactions have been modelled using ultrasoft pseudopotentials while exchange-correlation energies have been approximated by the method of local density approximation in the parameterization of Perdew-Zunger. The longitudinal and transverse acoustic phonon modes of boron pnictide sheets show linear dependency on wave vector k→ while out of plane mode varies as k2. The in-plane longitudinal and out of plane transverse optical modes in boron nitride displaying significant dispersion similar to graphene. We have analyzed the biaxial strain dependent behaviour of out of plane acoustic phonon mode which is linked to ripple for four BX sheets using a model equation with shell elasticity theory. The strain induces the hardening of this mode with tendency to become more linear with increase in strain percentage. The s.
Genetically predicted selenium concentrations and thyroid function: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study

The impact of selenium (Se) on human thyroid function remains unclear, with inconsistent results from recent epidemiological studies. Moreover, the observed associations are prone to bias due to potential confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis facilitates the large minimization of biases produced by environmental and lifestyle influences, providing unconfounded estimates of causal effects using instrumental variables. We aim to examine the association between Se concentrations and human thyroid function using a two‐sample MR analysis.
Measuring What Matters in Business Support Programs

The U.S. federal government operates a myriad of programs aimed at assisting businesses, typically small and midsized firms, to improve their performance. This commentary focuses on nonfinancial business support programs and how these programs use logic models to guide data collection efforts. The first step is to capture robust data supporting the need for information as the foundation for effective performance management by program staff and other stakeholders. The second step requires that program managers outline the intermediate outcomes they track and the program’s ultimate impacts. The final step requires blending data that captures program outputs, intermediate results, and ultimate program outcomes.
Association between Abortion History and Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes of Singleton Pregnancies after Assisted Reproductive Technology

Importance: At present, few people have studied the associations between abortion history before pregnancy on the outcomes of women and their infants after assisted reproductive technology (ART). Objective: To explore the association between the history of abortion and the outcomes of singleton pregnancies after ART. Design: This was a retrospective study in a hospital from 2015 to 2020 in Shanghai, China. Pregnant women with live singleton births through ART were included (n = 3043). Abortion was classified into spontaneous abortion (SAB) and induced abortion. We compared the maternal and fetal outcomes of singleton pregnancies obtained through ART with different abortion histories. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between the history of pre-pregnancy abortion with perinatal complications and neonatal outcomes. Results: We observed that compared with those who had no abortion history and obtained singleton pregnancies through ART, women who had an abortion history before pregnancy (including SAB or induced abortion history) and only SAB history were more likely to have gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), thyroid-related diseases, and placenta-related diseases. After adjusting the potential confounding factors, these differences still existed. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of GDM, thyroid-related diseases, and placenta-related diseases in women with a history of abortion and only a history of SAB were 1.239 (1.030–1.492) and 1.240 (1.010–1.522), 1.589 (1.261–2.002) and 1.724 (1.344–2.213), 1.465 (1.183–1.815) and 1.433 (1.132–1.814), respectively. However, we did not observe the association between the history of induced abortion and GDM and thyroid-related diseases. Conclusions and Relevance: Our research showed that pregnant women with singleton pregnancies through ART who had a history of abortion or only a history of SAB were more likely to have GDM, thyroid-related diseases, and placenta-related diseases. Pregnant women who had both SAB and induced abortion before pregnancy had a higher risk of thyroid-related diseases and placenta-related diseases, while women who had only a history of induced abortion had a higher risk of placenta-related diseases. Further research is needed to explore the biological mechanism of different types of abortion related to subsequent pregnancy.
Development of the Forman Parkinson’s Disease Symptom Checklist

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is defined as a neurodegenerative disease which progresses slowly and adversely impacts the quality of life; although this disease is not fatal, however, it is quite debilitating not only for the patients but for the caregivers too (DeMaagd & Philip, 2015; Golbe et al., 2012). Approximately, there are above 600,000 individuals suffering from PD; number of cases remains undiagnosed because of lack of awareness in far flung areas and unavailability of culturally appropriate measuring tool (Mansoor, 2017). Considering the aforementioned, this research was conducted to develop culturally validated assessment tool on Parkinson’s disease (PD). Moreover, the method section constituted of five steps (Zhou, 2019) which includes the detail of item generation, rating of the list by professionals and entering data in SPSS. Purposive sampling was done for the main study constituted of 100 patients suffering from PD (87% males and 13% females) between ages of 20-80 (M=20, SD=14.04). The factor analysis showed two factor solution through principal component analysis with rotation Direct Oblimin. The two factors were named as motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms respectively and had adequate psychometric properties.
Nonsteady-State Kinetics of Droplet Growth in Cloud Physics

Abstract The nonsteady-state kinetics of droplet growth or evaporation is studied theoretically for two types of changing boundary conditions: changes in the distant environment, and changes at the droplet surface. The treatment assumes Maxwellian boundary conditions at the droplet surface. The nonsteady-state kinetics during rapid environmental changes is reviewed, and compared with the simulation of the process obtained by applying the quasi-steady-state theory in a stepwise manner. A method for estimating the errors arising from use of the quasi-steady-state theory to determine temperature and vapor fields and growth or evaporation rates is explained. The nonsteady-state kinetics for changing surface conditions is treated, taking a freezing supercooled droplet as an example. It is shown that a freezing supercooled droplet generates a wave of supersaturation around it. The head of the wave moves outward to a position about one droplet diameter away from the surface, and remains there until the droplet i.
Translational Bioinformatics for Human Reproductive Biology Research: Examples, Opportunities and Challenges for a Future Reproductive Medicine

Since 1978, with the first IVF (in vitro fertilization) baby birth in Manchester (England), more than eight million IVF babies have been born throughout the world, and many new techniques and discoveries have emerged in reproductive medicine. To summarize the modern technology and progress in reproductive medicine, all scientific papers related to reproductive medicine, especially papers related to reproductive translational medicine, were fully searched, manually curated and reviewed. Results indicated whether male reproductive medicine or female reproductive medicine all have made significant progress, and their markers have experienced the progress from karyotype analysis to single-cell omics. However, due to the lack of comprehensive databases, especially databases collecting risk exposures, disease markers and models, prevention drugs and effective treatment methods, the application of the latest precision medicine technologies and methods in reproductive medicine is limited.
A Mobility Model for a 3D Non-Stationary Geometry Cluster-Based Channel Model for High Speed Trains in MIMO Wireless Channels

During channel modeling for high-mobility channels, such as high-speed train (HST) channels, the velocity of the mobile radio station is assumed to be constant. However, this might not be realistic due to the dynamic movement of the train along the track. Therefore, in this paper, an enhanced Gauss–Markov mobility model with a 3D non-stationary geometry based stochastic model (GBSM) for HST in MIMO Wireless Channels is proposed. The non-isotropic scatterers within a cluster are assumed to be around the sphere in which the mobile relay station (MRS) is located. The multi-path components (MPCs) are modeled with varying velocities, whereas the mobility model is a function of time. The MPCs are represented in a death–birth cluster using the Markov process. Furthermore, the channel statistics, i.e., the space-time correlation function, the root-mean-square Doppler shift, and the quasi-stationary interval, are derived from the non-stationary model. The model shows how the quasi-stationary time increases from 0.21 to 0.451 s with a decreasing acceleration of 0.6 to 0.2 m/s2 of the HST. In addition, the impact of the distribution of the angles on the channel statistics is presented. Finally, the simulated results are compared with the measured results. Therefore, there is a close relationship between the proposed model and the measured results, and the model can be used to characterize the channel’s properties.
Cold and Warm Rain Simulated Using a Global Nonhydrostatic Model without Cumulus Parameterization, and their Responses to Global Warming

A global nonhydrostatic model was used to evaluate the reproduction skill of cold and warm rain over the ocean at low latitudes and investigate their responses to global warming. In response to global warming, surface precipitation at low latitudes (30°S–30°N) in the simulations using mesh sizes of 7 and 14 km (R7 and R14, respectively) increased by 1.9 % and 2.6 %, respectively. It was found that the increase in precipitation in the higher horizontal resolution model R7 was caused by the increase in cold and warm rain and that in R14 was due to the increase in cold rain. In R7, the net increase in cold rain occurred due to the increase in stronger precipitation (> 40 mm hr −1 ), most of which compensated for the decrease in weaker precipitation (< 40 mm hr −1 ). In contrast, warm rain increased in almost all ranges of precipitation intensity. The fractional coverage of warm (cold) rain increased (decreased) robustly for both mesh sizes in the simulations. Analysis of the contribution of dynamic and thermodynamic environmental changes to the changes in cold and warm rain revealed a strong dependency on dynamic regimes in their effects. The lifespans of cold and warm clouds at low latitudes (defined by the ratio of the sum of cloud water and cloud ice paths to the precipitation flux) and possible changes related to global warming were also evaluated. On an average, in all precipitation intensities, there was no significant change in the longevity of cold clouds in response to global warming. In contrast, the lifespan of warm clouds was reduced in most of the sea surface temperature anomaly regimes.
Study regarding the functional level of the upper limb after mastectomy

The complex treatment applied to breast cancer patients consists of mastectomy, chemotherapy and local radiation therapy and affects the functional level of the upper limb on the side of the mastectomy. Physical therapy plays an important role in increasing the functionality of the upper limb after treatment. The purpose of the study is to verify the effectiveness of an individualised therapeutic exercise programme aimed at increasing the range of motion of the upper limb. Five participants who had undergone mastectomy surgery 6 months earlier were included in the study and each received an individualised rehabilitation programme that was performed twice a week for 6 months. The patients were assessed using three functional tests: test 1 - bringing the hand to the back of the neck, test 2 - touching the scapula with the hand by performing flexion, adduction and internal rotation, and test 3 - touching the scapula with the hand by performing extension, adduction and external rotation. These tests are quantified on a scale of 0 to 4. Early application of an individualised kinetic programme improves the functional capacity of the upper limb on the side of the surgery and contributes to reintegration into daily and socio-professional activities. We consider it important to train patients through educational monthly sessions that address issues such as: maintaining body weight, allowed food and nutritional management for side effects during adjuvant treatment, prevention of chronic diseases.
Was Baltica part of Rodinia?

Late Ediacaran opening of the Iapetus Ocean is typically considered to reflect separation of Baltica and Laurentia during final breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent, with subsequent closure during the Caledonian Orogeny. However, evidence of the pre‐opening juxtaposition of Baltica and Laurentia is limited to purportedly similar apparent polar wander paths and correlation of Rodinia‐forming orogenic events. We show that a range of existing data do not unequivocally support correlation of these orogens, and that geologic and palaeomagnetic data instead favour separation of Baltica and Laurentia as early as 1.1–1.2 Ga. Furthermore, new detrital zircon U–Pb age and Ar–Ar thermochronological data from Norway point towards an active western Baltican margin throughout most of the Neoproterozoic and early Palaeozoic. These findings are inconsistent with the majority of palaeogeographic reconstructions that place Baltica near the core of the Rodinia supercontinent.
New Results on the Equilibrium Measure for Logarithmic Potentials in the Presence of an External Field

In this paper we use techniques from the theory of ODEs and also from inverse scattering theory to obtain a variety of results on the regularity and support properties of the equilibrium measure for logarithmic potentials on the finite interval ? 1, 1], in the presence of an external fieldV. In particular, we show that ifVisC2, then the equilibrium measure is absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure, with a density which is Holder-12 on (? 1, 1), and with at worst a square root singularity at ±1. Moreover, ifVis real analytic then the support of the equilibrium measure consists of a finite number of intervals. In the cases whereV=txm,m=1, 2, 3, or 4, the equilibrium measure is computed explicitly for allt? R. For these cases the support of the equilibrium measure consists of 1, 2, or 3 intervals, depending ontandm. We also present detailed results for the general monomial caseV=txm, for allm? N. The regularity results for the equilibrium measure are obtained by careful analysis of the Fekete points associated to the weightenV(x)dx. The results on the support of the equilibrium measure are obtained using two different approaches: (i) an explicit formula of the kind derived by physicists for mean-field theory calculations; (ii) detailed perturbation theoretic results of the kind that are needed to analyze the zero dispersion limit of the Korteweg? de Vries equation in Lax? Levermore theory. The implications of the above results for a variety of related problems in approximation theory and the theory of orthogonal polynomials are also discussed.
Atmospheric oscillations in late-type stars – I. Non-linear response to excitation by acoustic wave energy spectra

The main aim of this paper is to perform first self-consistent numerical computation of the response of stellar atmospheres to the propagation of acoustic waves specified by realistic acoustic wave energy spectra. In the numerical approach, stellar atmospheres are stratified, non-isothermal and plane-parallel, and only their magnetic-free regions are considered. The resulting atmospheric heating is calculated and the time sequence of atmospheric velocities computed by a time-dependent hydrodynamic numerical code is analysed. All computations are done adiabatically and Fourier analysis is used in order to determine the oscillatory properties of stellar atmospheres. The numerical approach is supplemented by an analytical treatment in which three different local acoustic cut-off frequencies are selected from the literature; their values in the stellar atmospheric models are calculated and compared to the numerical results. The theoretical results obtained clearly show that atmospheric oscillations do exist in late-type stars and that their origin and physical properties are similar to those observed in the solar atmosphere. The oscillation frequency of stellar atmospheric oscillations ranges from 7.5 mHz for F5V stars to 16.0 mHz for M0V stars. The relevance of this theoretically predicted range of stellar oscillation in solar-like stars to the recent data obtained by the NASA space mission Kepler is discussed.
A UNIFIED PARTICLE DIFFUSION THEORY FOR CROSS-FIELD SCATTERING: SUBDIFFUSION, RECOVERY OF DIFFUSION, AND DIFFUSION IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL TURBULENCE

A new nonlinear theory for cosmic-ray scattering across the mean magnetic field is derived. This theory can be applied for arbitrary turbulence geometry. Previous theories such as the extended nonlinear guiding center theory are deduced as special limits. Furthermore, the new theory can explain subdiffusive transport for slab turbulence and the recovery of diffusion for slab/two-dimensional and three-dimensional turbulence. The nonlinear standard theory for field line wandering can be obtained as a special limit.
Conceptual models of upper‐level frontogenesis in south‐westerly and north‐westerly flow

The conceptual model proposed by Shapiro as it is applied to the evolution of an upper‐level frontal zone within a baroclinic wave is reviewed and its limitations are investigated through previous literature and two casestudies presented in this paper. the early stages in the evolutions of these two cases are used to examine specific limitations of this conceptual model: (1) upper‐level frontogenesis in south‐westerly flow that evolves from a state of equivalent barotropy to a state of cold advection along the front, and (2) upper‐level frontogenesis in northwesterly flow with along‐front variation in the sign of the thermal advection, such that warm advection occurs upstream of cold advection in the thermal trough.
Analysis of investment and decision-making based on ESG token platform under jump-diffusion

ABSTRACT Token financing is operated by a platform based on blockchain technology. This paper mainly studies the influence of ESG factors on the decision-making of various participants on the platform and analyses the influence of the persistent shock environment on the operation of the token platform. We first characterise developers' token holdings by a jump-diffusion stochastic differential equation. Besides, the nonpecuniary benefits specific to the ESG environment is introduced to the developers' objective function and an incentive of government capital gain tax for green platform developers is also considered. Moreover, the Hamilton–Jacob–Bellman (HJB) equation satisfied by the developers' value function is derived while the equilibrium price of the token is obtained. Then, we compare the differences between some features, which include users' transaction volume, speculators' transaction volume and expected token returns, on the green platform (ESG score greater than 0) and the same features on the brown one (ESG score less than 0). We also analyse the impact of speculators' ESG preferences on the expected token returns, users' and speculators' transaction volume. Finally, by using numerical simulation, we illustrate the impact of the intensity of persistent shock and investment risk (token return volatility) on the operation of the token platform.
Frequency response comparison of two FBG-based hydrophones

Fiber optic hydrophones are useful for a variety of underwater monitoring applications, as they offer high sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio and multiplexing ability for marine acoustics and offer longer term reliability than conventional electronic hydrophones. The frequency response of packaged fibers depends strongly on the material and mechanical parameters of the sensor design. Two fiber bragg-grating (FBG)-based hydrophones are described and their frequency response is measured. One consists of a diaphragm-linked FBG, and another is a polymer coated FBG. While the diaphragm-linked FBG has predictable resonances, resonance features on the simpler coated FBG hydrophone are observed as well.
Hydromagnetic disk winds in young stellar objects and active galactic nuclei

A general theory is presented for the origin and collimation of centrifugally driven, hydromagnetic winds from the surfaces of Keplerian accretion disks that surround central objects such as young stellar objects (YSOs) or black holes. The theory is fully two-dimensional and makes no assumption about self-similarity of the flows. These winds efficiently extract disk angular momentum and convert the gravitational binding energy released in the accretion process into the mechanical energy of the wind. Solutions under the very general assuption the the magnetic flux in the disk scales as a power law in disk radius are investigated
Characterization of Almost Surely Continuous 1-Stable Random Fourier Series and Strongly Stationary Processes

We complete the results of M. Marcus and G. Pisier by showing that a strongly stationary 1-stable process (X t ) t∈G defined on a locally compact group has a version with sample continuous paths if (and only if) the entropy integral ∫ 0 ∞ log + log N(K, d X , e) de is finite, where K is a given neighborhood of the unit and d x is the distance induced by the process
Abundance Anomalies in Horizontal Branch Stars and Atomic Diffusion

Using stellar evolution models in which atomic diffusion was included self-consistently throughout the evolution of a Population II 0.8 M☉ star (Y = 0.2352, Z = 0.0001, α = 0.3) from the zero-age main sequence to the end of the core expansion phase on the horizonatal branch (HB), surface-abundance composition is calculated and compared to observations of HB stars in the globular cluster M15. The effect of turbulence is characterized by the outer mass it mixes. It is shown that the overabundances of Fe by a factor of 50-100 observed by Behr in the seven stars of that cluster with Teff > 11,000 K require an outer mixed mass of about 10−7 M*. The abundance anomalies of Al, Si, S, Ca, Ti, Cr, and Ni, but not of Mg, are also reasonably well reproduced without any additional adjustment. This constitutes a convincing confirmation of the role of atomic diffusion driven by radiative accelerations in HB stars.