Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polyelectrolytes: From Seminal Works to the Influence of the Charge Sequence

We propose a selected tour of the physics of polyelectrolytes (PE) following the line initiated by de Gennes and coworkers in their seminal 1976 paper. The early works which used uniform charge distributions along the PE backbone achieved tremendous progress and set most milestones in the field. Recently, the focus has shifted to the role of the charge sequence. Revisited topics include PE complexation and polyampholytes (PA). We develop the example of a random PE in poor solvent forming pearl-necklace structures. It is shown that the pearls typically adopt very asymmetric mass and charge distributions. Individual sequences do not necessarily reflect the ensemble statistics and a rich variety of behaviors emerges (specially for PA). Pearl necklaces are dynamic structures and switch between various types of pearl-necklace structures, as described for both PE and PA.
Shifting Epidemiology Trends in Tongue Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Simple Summary Tongue cancer typically has male predominance. However, several studies have documented an increasing number of incidences among the younger population, with female predominance, which is unusual. Current trends in tongue cancer and possible risk factors require more investigation. The global epidemiological trends in tongue cancer have shifted toward more incidences in younger and female groups. Our study confirms the same findings regarding the younger age group. However, in our locality, no significant changes have been noted regarding gender. More multi-institutional studies are recommended to explain such changes and highlight the possible risk factors so that appropriate corrective actions can be taken into consideration. Abstract The tongue is the most common site for oral cavity carcinoma. It typically has male predominance. However, several studies have documented an increasing number of incidences among the younger population, with female predominance, which is unusual. In this study, we aimed to determine current trends in tongue cancer regarding age and gender. Data from 197 tongue cancer patients were extracted from The Oncology Center, Mansoura University (OCMU) database from 2006 to 2021. The patients were divided into two time periods: (2006–2013) and (2014–2021). We computed counts and proportions of tongue cancer for demographic and tumor characteristics. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Gender showed no statistically significant difference in both groups, while the percentages of diagnosed females were 52.7% and 52%, respectively. The percentages of males were 47.3% and 48%, p-value = 0.927. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of patients aged 20 to 39 years old and ≥60 years old in both periods. The p-values were 0.039 and 0.011, respectively. Although tongue cancer is typically more common in males, our results showed no significant difference in the gender of diagnosed patients. In addition, our results showed that the number of younger patients significantly increased in the period from 2014 to 2021. However, we encourage further investigations involving larger populations.
Supporting the Influence of Psychological Capital and Transformational Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior

This action research aims to find out whether psychological capital and transformational leadership affect organizational citizenship behavior through work engagement with employees of a pharmaceutical packaging-based company in Bekasi. The data collection method in this study used survey methods and distributed questionnaires, respondents were selected by purposive sampling method. the criteria were permanent employees who worked in the same company based on the packaging of medicines located in Bekasi and have worked for at least the last 1 year. The number of samples used was 218 people. The analytical method used is the analysis structural equation model (SEM). The findings from this study were psychological capital, transformational leadership's positive and significant effect on work engagement, and work engagement's positive and considerable influence on organizational citizenship behavior. But psychological capital and transformational leadership does not affect organizational citizenship behavior. Besides that, psychological capital and transformational leadership have positive and significant effects on organizational citizenship behavior through work engagement. In addition, the results found that work engagement can mediate the influence between psychological capital and transformational leadership on organizational citizenship behavior.
A 2800-Year Tree-Ring Record of Severe Sustained Extreme Drought Events in Qaidam Basin,Qinghai

Droughts are one kind of the most devastating natural hazards faced by China,severe droughts have had large impacts on economies,society,and environment of China,especially in the arid and semi-arid regions of northwestern China. The instrumental record of this region is not more than 100 years and it contains only a limited subset of severe drought cases,so it is necessary to turn to the paleoclimatic record to examine the full range of past drought variability to gain the improved understanding of sustained severe extreme drought events. In this study,the authors analyzed the severe extreme drought events of the past 2800 years inferred from tree-ring width variations in Qaidam Basin,Qinghai. It is found that the extreme drought events occurred in a cluster in some periods and intermittten in other periods. In the Wei,Jin,and Southern/Northern Dynasties period ( 3rd century to 4th century AD) and in the Ming and Qing Dynasties period ( mid-15th century to 19th century AD),severe extreme drought events occurred in high frequency,while in the period from the 5th century to 12th century occurred less frequently. The most serious extreme drought over the past 2800 years occurred in the transition of Western Han to Eastern Han Dynasties.
Anesthetic Management of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in a Patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease and Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

Patient: Female, 61-year-old Final Diagnosis: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Symptoms: Chest pain • dizziness • hypotension Clinical Procedure: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery Specialty: Anesthesiology Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: The anesthetic management of patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) requires special deliberation. Previous literature has suggested that patients with CMT may have increased sensitivity to non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents, and hyperkalemia associated with the administration of succinylcholine has been reported. The potential risk of malignant hyperthermia and underlying cardiopulmonary abnormalities, such as pre-existing arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, or respiratory muscle weakness, must also be considered in patients with CMT. Case Report: We describe a case of a patient with a history of CMT and multivessel coronary artery disease who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Careful consideration was given to the anesthetic plan, which consisted of thorough pre- and perioperative evaluation of cardiac function, total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil infusions, the use of a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, and utilization of a malignant hyperthermia protocol with avoidance of volatile anesthetics to decrease the possible risk of malignant hyperthermia. Following a 3-vessel CABG, no anesthetic or surgical complications were noted and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 6 after an uneventful hospital course. Conclusions: Exacerbation of underlying cardiac and pulmonary abnormalities associated with the pathophysiology of CMT, as well as patient response to neuromuscular blocking and volatile agents, should be of concern for the anesthesiologist when anesthetizing a patient with CMT. Therefore, CMT patients undergoing surgery require special consideration of their anesthetic management plan in order to ensure patient safety and optimize perioperative outcomes.
Bacteria associated with carminic acid metabolism in the intestinal tract of three predators of Dactylopius opuntiae

Dactylopius spp. produce carminic acid as part of defence against predation. The average carminic acid concentration varies depending on the species, e.g., for prickly pear cochineal, Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell), and cochineal, Dactylopius coccus Costa (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae), it is 3–5 and 19–25%, respectively. Generalist predators such as Laetilia coccidivora Comstock (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and specialist predators such as Leucopis bellula Williston (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) and Hyperaspis trifurcata Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) require detoxification mechanisms, which could be provided by gut bacteria. We determined the diversity of gut‐associated cultivable bacteria in these three predators and their ability to metabolize carminic acid. The bacteria were identified morphologically and by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In vitro assays were done to determine their ability to metabolize carminic acid. The greatest culturable bacterial diversity was found in L. coccidivora larvae and H. trifurcata adults, followed by H. trifurcata larvae. The lowest diversity was found in L. bellula larvae. DNA sequencing revealed the presence of Bacillus cereus Frankland & Frankland, Enterococcus gallinarum (Bridge & Sneath) Collins et al., and Enterococcus casseliflavus Collins et al. in L. coccidivora larvae, Enterobacter spec. in larvae of H. trifurcata, Lactococcus lactis (Lister) Schleifer in adults of H. trifurcata, and Staphylococcus spec. in larvae and adults of H. trifurcata. Bacillus pumilus Meyer & Gottheil was only found in L. bellula larvae. In vitro assays showed that all isolates evaluated could metabolize carminic acid, suggesting they play an important role in the predators' ability to metabolize carminic acid. Presence of E. gallinarum, which had the most efficient metabolism of carminic acid, might allow L. coccidivora to feed on the two Dactylopius species regardless of carminic acid concentration.
Behaviours Associated with Male “Sweethearting” (Infidelity) in Heterosexual Relationships in The Bahamas

This paper presents incidental data on sweethearting from a study on sexual violence in intimate-partner relationships between men and women in The Bahamas. Females participating in the study reported male infidelity to be common (with about 20% and possibly as many as about 50% of men being unfaithful) in both unmarried and married relationships. Associated with infidelity were behaviours of concern, such as physical and sexual violence, as well as psychological abuse by male partners. These abusive behaviours were associated with the woman feeling that she would leave the relationship if she could, and that the relationship was not a loving one. Furthermore, the study suggests that unfaithful married men are more likely to demonstrate activities of concern (in the form of elevated scores for domestic violence and psychological abuse) compared to unfaithful unmarried men in relationships with women.
Incidental precancerous and cancerous neoplasms in routine cholecystectomy specimens – A fascinating series of cases in a tertiary care center

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgeries for benign gall bladder pathologies. Pre-cancerous and malignant gall bladder neoplasms often have overlapping non-specific clinical manifestation in their early stages. Radiological findings are also non-specific in the early stages with the presence of cholelithiasis in a significant proportion of cases. Cholelithiasis is said to be one of the important comorbid risk factors for gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) as a source of constant irritation to biliary mucosa. In such cases, cholecystectomy done for benign indications may lead to a histopathological diagnosis of incidental gall bladder carcinomas. Pancreaticobiliary type of adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype of GBC with two described cases in this series. Invasive foci need to be ruled out in. All cases of high-grade biliary intraepithelial neoplasia as were seen in the third case. Intracholecystic papillary neoplasm is a recently described entity with one reported case in this series that was associated with invasive adenocarcinoma. Signet ring adenocarcinoma is a rarely encountered adenocarcinoma in gall bladder with worse outcome. One such case has been described here where the patient has succumbed to death within 3 months of surgery and during the course of adjuvant therapy.
Value Adoption Model (VAM) and Users’ Intentions to Use Mobile Banking: Examining Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Sacrifice and Perceived Risk

ABSTRACT The financial services sector in Indonesia is highly competitive due to advancements in technology and changing customer behavior. Banks are challenged to adopt customer-centric strategies, particularly in the context of mobile banking. This study introduces a Value Adoption Model (VAM) based on consumer choice theory to investigate the factors influencing customers' intentions to use mobile banking services. In the highly competitive landscape of Indonesia's financial services sector, this study introduces a VAM to understand the drivers behind customers' intentions to use mobile banking services. Drawing on dimensions like accessibility, enjoyment, perceived usefulness, perceived sacrifice, and perceived risk, this research demonstrates that these factors significantly influence users' adoption. Notably, enjoyment emerges as the most influential factor, followed by perceived usefulness, perceived sacrifice, accessibility, and perceived risk. This study provides valuable insights for financial institutions seeking to enhance their mobile banking services, offering a pathway to better understand and cater to customers' needs in an evolving technological landscape. ABSTRAK Sektor jasa keuangan di Indonesia sangat kompetitif akibat kemajuan teknologi dan perubahan perilaku pelanggan. Bank-bank dihadapkan pada tantangan untuk mengadopsi strategi berorientasi pelanggan, terutama dalam konteks perbankan mobile. Penelitian ini memperkenalkan Model Penerimaan Nilai (Value Adoption Model - VAM) berdasarkan teori pilihan konsumen untuk menginvestigasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi niat pelanggan untuk menggunakan layanan perbankan mobile. Dalam lanskap persaingan yang ketat di sektor jasa keuangan Indonesia, penelitian ini memperkenalkan VAM untuk memahami faktor-faktor pendorong niat pelanggan untuk menggunakan layanan perbankan mobile. Dengan mengacu pada dimensi seperti aksesibilitas, kepuasan, kegunaan yang dirasakan, pengorbanan yang dirasakan, dan risiko yang dirasakan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor ini secara signifikan memengaruhi niat pengguna dalam mengadopsi layanan tersebut. Terutama, kepuasan muncul sebagai faktor yang paling berpengaruh, diikuti oleh kegunaan yang dirasakan, pengorbanan yang dirasakan, aksesibilitas, dan risiko yang dirasakan. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan berharga bagi lembaga keuangan yang mencari cara untuk meningkatkan layanan perbankan mobile mereka, menawarkan jalan untuk lebih memahami dan memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan dalam lanskap teknologi yang terus berkembang. Kata kunci: M-banking, kepuasan pelanggan, nilai konsumen, layanan keuangan, VAM
Birth Order and Congenital Anomalies: A Retrospective Follow up Study

Introduction: Congenital anomalies, a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality, are vital areas of study in prenatal medicine to explore the relationship between congenital anomalies and birth order among antenatal mothers. Methods: This retrospective follow-up study was conducted in a first referral hospital in Bangalore, India between July 2021 and June 2022. Data from 1,432 antenatal mothers were analyzed, focusing on socio-demographic characteristics, congenital anomalies, and birth order. Congenital anomalies were diagnosed based on established medical criteria through detailed examination of antenatal scans and medical records. Descriptive statistics with Odds ratio with 95% CI were employed to assess associations between variables. Results: The study showed variations in the incidence of congenital anomalies with birth order, with first-borns presenting the highest incidence at 42.8%. Anomalies were predominantly observed in the maternal age group of 22–25 years (50%) and in non-consanguineous pregnancies (81%). Renal anomalies were the most prevalent, constituting 59.5% of the total anomalies. Conclusion: The variations observed in anomaly incidences based on birth order emphasize the need for further research in this area and the development of targeted preventive strategies and interventions to mitigate the risk of congenital anomalies in different birth orders.
Comparison of Phaco-Tanito Microhook Trabeculotomy between Propensity-Score-Matched 120-Degree and 240-Degree Incision Groups

This study compared the effectiveness and safety of 120-degree (nasal) and 240-degree (bilateral) incisions in Tanito Microhook Trabeculotomy (TMH) combined with cataract surgery in patients with open-angle glaucoma. From a pool of 185 eyes, 67 eyes from 67 subjects were selected for each incision group using propensity score matching to align age, sex, glaucoma type, and preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP). The study found that preoperative IOP, initially 18.6 mmHg in both groups, decreased to 13.2 mmHg in the nasal group and 12.8 mmHg in the bilateral group 12 months postoperatively, representing reductions of 29% and 31%, respectively. Similarly, medication scores decreased from 3.4 to 2.7 in the nasal group and from 3.1 to 2.5 in the bilateral group. Notably, the bilateral incision group exhibited a significantly higher hyphema red blood cell score compared to the nasal group (p < 0.0001). Across the study period, other parameters such as IOP, medication score, visual acuity, anterior chamber flare, corneal endothelial cell density, visual field mean deviation, and the frequency of surgical complications other than hyphema were similar between the groups. The study concluded that TMH combined with cataract surgery is equally effective and safe regardless of incision width, although narrower incisions resulted in reduced early postoperative hyphema.
Decreased Visual Search Behavior in Elderly Drivers during the Early Phase of Reverse Parking, But an Increase during the Late Phase

The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of visual search behavior in elderly drivers in reverse parking. Fourteen healthy elderly and fourteen expert drivers performed a perpendicular parking task. The parking process was divided into three consecutive phases (Forward, Reverse, and Straighten the wheel) and the visual search behavior was monitored using an eye tracker (Tobii Pro Glasses 2). In addition, driving-related tests and quality of life were evaluated in elderly drivers. As a result, elderly drivers had a shorter time of gaze at the vertex of the parking space both in direct vision and reflected in the driver-side mirror during the Forward and the Reverse phases. In contrast, they had increased gaze time in the passenger-side mirror in the Straighten the wheel phase. Multiple regression analysis revealed that quality of life could be predicted by the total gaze time in the Straighten the wheel phase (β = −0.45), driving attitude (β = 0.62), and driving performance (β = 0.58); the adjusted R2 value was 0.87. These observations could improve our understanding of the characteristics of visual search behavior in parking performance and how this behavior is related to quality of life in elderly drivers.
Role of Radiotherapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinomas: An Evolutionary Journey in a Misunderstood Histological Type

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has traditionally been considered one of the most radioresistant tumors based on in vitro and clinical studies that utilized a low biologically effective dose. However, recent studies have suggested that administering a higher radiation dose to RCC can lead to satisfactory local control and potentially long-lasting disease control. Thanks to significant advances in radiotherapy technology, it is now feasible to deliver higher radiation doses to tumors while preserving the organs at risk. Furthermore, over the past decade, a crucial role of radiotherapy has emerged in metastatic cancers, both for symptom palliation and for the elimination of tumor niches. This review discusses the current evidence and future perspectives concerning the role of radiotherapy in metastatic RCC.
Polypyrrole Solid-State Supercapacitors Drawn on Paper

Solid-state supercapacitors with areal capacitance in the order of 100 mF⋅cm−2 are developed on paper substrates, using eco-friendly, low-cost materials and a simple technology. The electrochemically active material used as the electrode is prepared from a stable water-based ink, obtained by doping commercial polypyrrole (PPY) powder with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA), and characterized by optical and electrical measurements, Raman investigation and Atomic Force Microscopy. The PPY:DBSA ink can be directly applied on paper by means of rechargeable water pens, obtaining, after drying, electrically conducting solid state tracks. The PPY:DBSA layers are then interfaced to one another through a polymer gel based on potassium hydroxide and chitosan, acting both as the ion-conducting medium and as the separator. The areal capacitance of the devices developed by following such a simple rule can be improved when the PPY:DBSA ink is applied in combination with other nanostructured carbon material.
Assessing the role of local Authority institutions on peasants-pastoralists land use conflict mitigation in Tanzania, a case of Kishapu District

Peasant-pastoralists land use conflict remains to be the most serious resource-use conflict in Tanzania. The study investigated the role of local authority institutions on land use conflict mitigation between peasants and pastoralists in Kishapu district, Tanzania. A case study design was adapted. A sample of 100 purposively selected respondents constituting peasants, pastoralists and local authority officials participated in the study. Questionnaire survey and in-depth interview techniques were applied in data collection. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were the data analysis techniques used by the study. The study identified that there is a serious land use conflict involving peasants and pastoralists in the study area. The role of local authority institutions (i.e. Village Land tribunals, Ward Land tribunals, District Land tribunals) is awareness raising on land use and management, land use conflict mediation and arbitration, awareness of land policy and judgment of land use cases. However, land use mitigation measures of local authority institutions found to be less effective in combating the prevailing land use conflicts between peasants and pastoralists. The study recommends local authority institutions to effectively use participatory approaches in organizing the land use planning so that peasants and pastoralists can have opportunities in making decisions pertaining to alternative land uses to ensure a sustainable land resource utilization in Kishapu district.