Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glycolonitrile (HOCH2CN) Chemistry in Star-forming Regions

Glycolonitrile (HOCH2CN) is an attractive interstellar prebiotic molecule. Glycolonitrile is considered not only as a possible precursor for glycine but also as a key intermediate for adenine formation. Recently, HOCH2CN was detected toward IRAS 16293−2422 B with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). In this study we perform a comprehensive modeling study on HOCH2CN chemistry under the physical conditions of IRAS 16293−2422 B’s cold envelope and hot corino evolutions using the astrochemical code NAUTILUS and the updated gas-grain chemical network. Our studies not only give the main reactions and the favorable physical conditions for the formation of HOCH2CN but also uncover that the observed glycolonitrile in the cold envelope originates from the gradual accumulation of the gas-phase molecules during the ambient cloud, freefall collapse, and warm-up phases of the cold envelope evolution, and in the hot corino it mainly comes from the accumulated ices during the hot corino evolution. Using the updated chemical network, we also conduct chemical simulations under the physical conditions of Sagittarius (Sgr) B2(N) evolution. The simulation results show that varying the cosmic-ray ionization rate is needed to best reproduce the observational upper limits of HOCH2CN and the observed abundances of CNCHO and CH2CNH toward Sgr B2(N). Moreover, we predict that HOCHCNH, OCH2CN, HOCHCN, HOCCNH, OCCNH, and OCCN have high abundances and may be detectable toward IRAS 16293−2422 B and Sgr B2(N).
Construction of Space Quantum Information System Based on Satellite Recognition

Satellite identification is a form of space quantum information, which refers to the use of artificial earth satellites as the transmitting station between earth communication stations to perform satellite identification to construct a space quantum information system. However, at this stage, a single form of identification cannot meet the needs of various aspects such as the development of the information society. And mobile broadband services. Based on this, this paper has carried out research on the construction of space quantum information system based on satellite recognition. This paper firstly introduces the research significance of space quantum information transmission based on satellite identification, and then analyzes the research status of space information system based on satellite identification and the research status of space quantum information system based on satellite identification at home and abroad. Aiming at the problem of asymmetrical transmission of space information, this paper proposes, a spatial asymmetric transmission scheme based on layered modulation and network coding, and in view of the low communication quality caused by the influence of weather and surrounding environment on the space-based communication channel, this paper proposes an adaptive transmission scheme of spatial information based on satellite cooperation. The survey results show that under the MNC strategy and the traditional zero-padded strategy, the end-to-end bit error rate performance of S2 is not much different. As the signal-to-noise ratio continues to increase to 30dB, the two are basically the same. In the whole range of k value, the access probability of the MNC strategy is equal to a constant 0.67 and remains unchanged. When k=1, under the OUS scheme, it shows that the two source nodes have the same probability of accessing the channel, and the access probability is 50%, which is 16.7% lower than that of the MNC scheme.
New understanding of inter-ELM pedestal turbulence, transport, and gradient behavior in the DIII-D tokamak

New observations of pedestal localized turbulence in the inter-ELM period of H-mode plasmas in DIII-D show that ion temperature gradient mode scale (ITG-scale) density fluctuation (ñ) increases immediately after each ELM crash and is quickly suppressed during the increase in local E × B shear. This excitation and subsequent suppression of ITG-scale ñ can explain the previously reported anomalous ion heat flux, Q i during the ELM (Viezzer et al 2017 Nucl. Fusion 57 022020). Shorter wavelength trapped electron mode scale (TEM-scale) ñ starts to increase at a critical pedestal temperature gradient (∇T e,ped ) and saturates as local E × B shear, TiC6+/Te ratio, and ∇T e,ped saturate. This TEM-scale ñ, which has the potential to cause electron (and also ion) heat transport, is consistent with driving an anomalous electron heat flux Q e, where Q e is estimated between ELMs using experimental profiles and power balance. Both ITG- and TEM-scale ñ amplitude variations with background T i/T e and ∇n e,ped are found to be consistent with theoretical predictions of these measured density fluctuations being ITG and TEM instabilities respectively. These new and unique observations on the nature of turbulence and their potential contributions to electron and ion heat fluxes at different ELM periods (i.e. collapse, recovery, and saturation phases of pedestal gradients) can significantly test and improve our pedestal predictive capabilities for ITER and other future fusion devices.
Evaluation of HTS butt-jointing performance, focusing on the joint stress distribution

As a basic research for development of the remountable HTS magnet, experimental evaluation of the butt-jointing method with BSCCO 2223 HTS cable under the large joint stress is performed. In this experiment an optimum joint stress value, which makes joint resistance minimum, is obviously confirmed at each applied current value. In addition, numerical structural analysis is performed to clarify the stress distribution at the joint surface of HTS cable under the experimental condition. From these experimental and numerical results, the efficient jointing condition is considered to reduce the joint resistance.
Submerging paddy cultivation area due to coastal flooding in Kuala Kedah, Malaysia

Kuala Kedah is a coastal area where the majority of the community are paddy farmers and fishermen. Almost the entire coastal area is used as a paddy cultivation area. However, this area faces the threat of seawater intrusion into land due to climate change driven sea-level rise. The rising seawater has affected the surrounding area, not only in terms of crop yields but also property and livelihood to the locals. Therefore, this study is designed to detect and analyze the progress of seawater on land at the Kuala Kedah coastal area using a hydrodynamic approach. Mike 21 software was used to simulate the hydrodynamic effects on 2 segments (NA and SA) in this study area by considering two conditions namely Condition 1 (K1) and Condition 2 (K2) which are respectively with and without coastal protection structure. However, this structure was only built along the 2.5 km shoreline in the NA segment and not in the SA segment. The findings show that the coastal protection structure in K2 is effective in reducing 50 % of the impact of sea level rise in year 2100 at NA segment, while only 10 % at SA segment. Therefore, the construction of these structures permanently should be given consideration by local authorities in planning future development to ensure lowland areas are protected from coastal floods.
BARKHAUSEN NOISE IN GRAIN-ORIENTED 3% Si-Fe AT 50 HZ

Barkhausen noise (BN) measurements were performed on samples of high permeability and conventional grain-oriented steels at both high and low flux densities in order to investigate the characteristics in each magnetization regimes. Previous works deal with measurements of Barkhausen noise carried out at high flux densities (0.2 T and above) but this work demonstrates that Barkhausen noise has different characteristics at low flux densities (8 mT to 0.2 T). The results show that the amplitude sum and the RMS Barkhausen signals are higher for High Permeability Grain-Oriented (HGO) steel than Conventional Grain-Oriented (CGO) steel at high flux densities because the grain size of HGO is higher than that of CGO. Domain wall spacing increases with increasing grain size. Hence increased grain size means domain walls move further between pinning sites resulting in larger BN signal. Below 0.2 T, the BN signal becomes higher for CGO steel. HGO samples were mechanically scribed on one surface transverse to the rolling direction. It was observed that scribing reduced the BN amplitude at high flux densities. This is due to the decrease of domain width by scribing. Then the trend reverses again at low flux density.
Silver nanoparticles for enhancing the efficiency of micropropagation of gray poplar (Populus × canescens Aiton. Sm.)

The main purpose of the work was to determine the prospects for the use of silver nanoparticles in woody plants tissue culture and to identify possible limitations. The paper presents the results of experiments on the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to increase the efficiency of in vitro tissue culture of woody plant cultures using the example of gray poplar (Populus × canescens Aiton. Sm.) at various stages of microclonal reproduction. It has been shown that sequential treatment with 7.5 g/L NaOCl for 30 min and 0.3 g/L AgNPs for 5 min allows obtaining 100% phytopathogen-free explants, increasing their viability. Modification of the nutrient medium with AgNPs at concentrations of 1.5…3 μg/L during multiplication and rooting reduces the phytopathogen infestation, and also stimulates the formation of the root system and accelerates the growth of the vegetative part of the shoots. In addition, the combination of photosynthetic and enzymatic activity suggests a rather high potential for stress resistance of experimental microclones in comparison with control ones.
Photometric Analysis of the TESS Light Curve for the Asynchronous Polar V1500 Cyg

After 40 yr of nova outburst, there are still some difficulties in completely understanding V1500 Cyg. The faintness of V1500 Cyg and its crowded field pose a challenge for high-precision photometry by TESS, while long-term intensive data from TESS provide the first opportunity to accurately model this binary system. The best-fitting model reveals that the high-temperature white dwarf illuminates the surface of its companion star, a low-mass secondary (M 2 ∼ 0.22 M ⊙), and the emission from the heated secondary star still dominates the luminosity of the system. The binary model has determined the white dwarf’s mass to be M 1 ∼ 1.4 M ⊙ and its orbital inclination i ∼ 60°. The residuals after the removal of the fitted model curve present variations in both the white dwarf’s spin period and the binary orbital period, confirming the previous claim that V1500 Cyg is still an asynchronous polar, and the observed spin period demonstrates that V1500 Cyg is approaching synchronicity with the orbital period following the prediction of the polarization ephemeris. The phasing of the spin humps indicates their cyclotron origin, and the residual orbital humps may be produced by the emission from the accretion stream. There is no evidence for the pole-switching effect, while the double-humped profile of the spin modulation suggests that the white dwarf may be accreting matter from a “ring” around it. Further simultaneous polarization and X-ray observations are urged to explore the accretion geometry of V1500 Cyg in detail.
High-field breakdown in thin oxides grown in N/sub 2/O ambient

A detailed study of time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) in N/sub 2/O-grown thin (47-120 AA) silicon oxides is reported. A significant degradation in breakdown properties was observed with increasing oxide growth temperatures. A physical model based on undulations at the Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface is proposed to account for the degradation. Accelerated breakdown for higher operating temperatures and higher oxide fields as well as thickness dependence of TDDB are studied under both polarities of injection. Breakdown under unipolar and bipolar stress in N/sub 2/O oxides is compared with DC breakdown. An asymmetric improvement in time-to-breakdown under positive versus negative gate unipolar stress is observed and attributed to charge detrapping behavior in N/sub 2/O oxides. A large reduction in time-to-breakdown is observed under bipolar stress when the thickness is scaled below 60 AA. A physical model is suggested to explain this behavior. Overall, N/sub 2/O oxides show improved breakdown properties compared with pure SiO/sub 2/. >
Classification of Respiratory Conditions using Auscultation Sound

Management of respiratory conditions relies on timely diagnosis and institution of appropriate management. Computerized analysis and classification of breath sounds has a potential to enhance reliability and accuracy of diagnostic modality while making it suitable for remote monitoring, personalized uses, and self-management uses. In this paper, we describe and compare sound recognition models aimed at automatic diagnostic differentiation of healthy persons vs patients with COPD vs patients with pneumonia using deep learning approaches such as Multi-layer Perceptron Classifier (MLPClassifier) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Clinical Relevance–Healthcare providers and researchers interested in the field of medical sound analysis, specifically automatic detection/classification of auscultation sound and early diagnosis of respiratory conditions may benefit from this paper.
Indoor air quality: an enviro-cultural perspective

A healthy building seems to be desirable even if one does not know about its true implication on building occupants, performance, efficiency, productivity, cost, and maintenance. However, convincing a project’s developer or building’s owner about the merits of taking care of the indoor air quality is not as easy as most buildings’ users think. This hardship is because the justification of the extra effort, time and resources needed for establishing a building with a higher level of indoor air quality is not as easy as many other building aspects. Architects and engineers can justify a higher price for stylish furniture, or better lighting design for a building’s owner easier than justifying the cost of a system’s add-ons needed for better indoor air quality. Studies show that some cultural dimensions are involved in the perception of the environmental risk, and hence impact the decision of having healthy buildings at the design stage. This paper analyzes the perception of the foreseeable extra cost and effort required for having a healthy building with a higher level of indoor air quality in light of the perception of the environmental risk and some other cultural factors. This empirical analysis is helpful for prospective developers and owners as it might be a great motivation for them to spend on enhancing the indoor air quality of their buildings. The argument is also critical for understanding the factors that lie behind the levels of indoor air quality in the built environment across cultures.
NACADA Journal 33-2

Students learn in and out of a formal classroom, and instructors and academic advisors play key roles in academic motivation and learning. Therefore, through the lens of self-determination theory, we examined the ways perceived support from instructors and advisors relates to satisfac­ tion of college students’ basic psychological needs. Advisor and instructor support correlated with satisfaction of student needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Also, as hypothe­ sized, instructor and advisor support predicted satisfaction of basic needs, but did so differently. Instructors and academic advisors create a dynamic duo that significantly contributes to satisfaction of basic psychological needs under­ lying motivation and achievement.
CEMFI and CEPR

THIS SUPPLEMENT provides details on the data used in the paper (Appendix A), on our work with the WIOD (Appendix B), on the development regressions used to produce a stylized development process, (Appendix C), on the estimation details of the demand system (Appendix D.1), on the income elasticities implied by the estimated demand system (Appendix D.2), and on the estimation of some common restricted demand systems (Appendix D.3). In addition, there is a Web Appendix available from the authors’ web page with more details on the model (Appendix E) and on the shooting algorithm used to solve for the transitional dynamics (Appendix F).
A Rayleigh Quotient-Based Recursive Total-Least-Square Online Maximum Capacity Estimation for Lithium-ion Batteries /Author=Kim, T.; Wang, Y.; Sahinoglu, Z.; Wada, T.; Hara, S.; Qiao, W. /CreationDate=May 8, 2015 /Subject=Control, Dynamical Systems, Electric Systems, Signal Processing

The maximum capacity, the amount of maximal electric charge that a battery can store, not only indicates the state of health, but also is assumed in numerous methods for state of charge estimation. This paper proposes an alternative approach to perform the online estimation of the maximum capacity by solving the recursive total least square (RTLS) problem. Different from prior art, the proposed approach poses and solves the RTLS problem as a Rayleigh quotient optimization problem. The Rayleigh quotient-based approach can be readily generalized to other parameter estimation problems including impedance estimation. Compared to other capacity estimation methods, the proposed algorithm enjoys the advantages of other existing RTLS-based algorithms for instance, low computational cost, simple implementation, and high accuracy. The proposed method is compared with existing methods via simulations and experiments. The proposed method is suitable for use in real-time embedded battery management systems. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion c © 2015 MERL. This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproduction, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. 201 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
Hand Temperature Is Not Consistent With Illusory Strength During the Rubber Hand Illusion

The rubber hand illusion is known to invoke a sense of ownership of a rubber hand when a person watches the stroking of the rubber hand in synchrony with their own hidden hand. Quantification of the sense of ownership is traditionally performed with the rubber hand illusion questionnaire, but the search for reliable physiological measurements persists. Skin temperature has been previously suggested and debated as a biomarker for ownership. We investigated hand temperature as a measure of rubber hand illusory strength via thermal imaging of the hand during the rubber hand experiment. No relationship was found between reported illusory strength and skin temperature.Clinical Relevance— Our results indicate that skin temperature is not a suitable biomarker for rubber hand illusory strength.
Possible Functions of the Conserved Peptides Encoded by the RNAprecursors of miRNAs in Plants

Sergey Y. Morozov1,2*, Dmitriy Y. Ryazantsev3, Tatiana N. Erokhina3 1Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia 2Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia 3Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia *Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Sergey Morozov; morozov@genebee.msu. ru
Detecting and Locating Interturn Short Circuits on Turbine-Generator Rotors

A turn-to-turn short circuit in a turbine-generator rotor is detected by measuring the change in rotor reactance. To locate the turn-to-turn short circuit, iron and air-core search coils are used in conjunction with an AEG vectormeter to measure the imaginary component of the induced voltage in the search coils. The results are conclusive even when the rotor wedges are aluminum and the end rings are shrunk on the rotor body.
Challenges and potential of technology integration in modern ship management practices

This paper is based on the research project that ex plores the challenges and potential of technology i ntegration in current ship management practices. While technology advancements were designed to be contributing to m inimising task complexity, issues such as fatigue, increased dministrative burden and technology assisted accid ents still plague the industry. In spite of the clearly recognisable enefits of using modern technology in the manageme nt of ships, in practice its application appears lacking by a consi derable margin. The main driver of the study was to appreciate the cause of this disparity. The study first reviewed a wide body of literature on issues involving the use of technology which inc luded academic literature with empirical evidences and th eoretical explanations of implementation of technol ogy at work. With the help of the extant knowledge this research embarked on providing an explanation to the gap th t existed in the application of technology in the shipping industry. By taking a case study approach the thesis looked into the induction and integration of technology in the management and operation of ships that primarily interfaced close ly between the ship and its management unit on shore. Three compan ies with mutually diverse management setup were stu died. The fourth case comprised of purposefully selected seni or members of ships’ staff. The analysis of the data revealed that the manifest ation of the gap in technology implementation is ca used by deeper influences at work in the shipping industry. The un-optimised technology integration results in the seafarer, who is the keystone to the technology application, beco ming a victim of the circumstances. The technology that was intended to ease operations and burdens ends up in controlling him, even leaving him under-resourced a n causing fatigue. This was not an unintended outcome but the result of weak regulatory practices, short-term ca pital outlook and weakened labour practices in the shipping industry all caused by wider social and economic development s affecting not just this industry but businesses globally. The imp act of such influences was however more acute in th is industry resulting in such extreme consequence. By bringing to light the limited application of som e fundamental principles of human-systems integrati on, this study has attempted to expand the boundaries of res earch on the subject and contributed to the holisti c understanding of the various underlying factors that influence techn ology integration in ship management processes.
Mutational and phylogenetic status of west siberian strains of BLV

The study is devoted of full-genome BLV sequences circulating in cattle populations of the Novosibirsk region, Russia. The phylogenetic tree shows that the West Siberian isolates are quite closely related to such previously isolated strains as AF399704 (Brazil), AP018007, AP018016, AP018019, LC007988, LC007991 (Japan) and EF065638 (Belgium) we calculations show that the number of mutations that could independently occur in parallel evolving BLV strains significantly exceeds the expected number based on the probability of corresponding substitutions. It was also found that the studied isolates have some mutations, the presence of which, at first glance, is possible only with their divergent development in different independently evolving branches. However, calculations show that the probability of an independent origin of an identical mutation is extremely small, which indicates the possibility of exchanging RNA sites between isolates circulating in West Siberian cattle populations.