Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Permo–Triassic Barrovian‐type metamorphism in the ultrahigh‐temperature Kontum Massif, central Vietnam: Constraints on continental collision tectonics in Southeast Asia

The Kontum Massif in central Vietnam is composed of various metamorphic complexes including a high‐temperature southern part (Kannak and Ngoc Linh complexes) and a low‐ to medium‐temperature northern part (Kham Duc complex). The Kham Duc complex exhibits Barrovian‐type medium‐pressure metamorphism evidenced by kyanite‐ and/or staurolite‐bearing metapelites. The garnet–gedrite–kyanite gneiss, which is the focus of the present study, preserves several mineral parageneses formed during a prograde and retrograde metamorphic history: staurolite + quartz in gedrite, garnet + gedrite + kyanite in the matrix, and spinel + cordierite symplectite between gedrite and sillimanite. The calculated semiquantitative petrogenetic grid reveals peak pressure conditions of 620–650°C at 1.1–1.2 GPa and peak temperature conditions of 730–750°C at 0.7–0.8 GPa. The monazite U–Th–Pb electron microprobe ages of the garnet–gedrite–kyanite gneiss and associated gneisses yield 246 ± 3 Ma for the Kham Duc complex, which is similar to the age of the high‐ to ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism in the adjacent Kannak and Ngoc Linh complexes of the southern Kontum Massif. The present results indicate that both the Barrovian‐type and ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism occurred simultaneously in the Kontum Massif during an event strongly related to Permo–Triassic microcontinental collision tectonics in Asia.
Thermal Conductivity of Stacked Hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) and Graphene – A Molecular Dynamics Approach

Developing solutions to keep up with the needs of increased power output of contemporary microprocessors is an ongoing challenge in the electronics industry. As such, thermal interface materials, which act as a filler to smooth out the contact imperfections between heat source and heat sink have been an important area of research. Two‒dimensional (2D) materials may be a solution to having a material that has high thermal conductivity, flexibility, and a long service life. Although highly thermally conductive, the electrical conductivity graphene makes it unsuitable for use directly adjacent to the active layer in electronics. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has attracted attention for use as an insulating layer due to its structural similarity to graphene with a lattice mismatch of only 1.8%. In this research, equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) via the Green‒Kubo (GK) method is used to calculate the thermal conductivity of a hexagonal boron nitride/graphene (hBN/Gr) heterostructure. It is thought that replacing the secondary hBN layer would increase the thermal conductivity of the structure.
Nature and climate effects of individual tropospheric aerosol particles

Aerosol particles in the atmosphere exert a strong influence on climate by interacting with sunlight and by initiating cloud formation. Because the tropospheric aerosol is a heterogeneous mixture of various particle types, its climate effects can only be fully understood through detailed knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of individual particles. Here we review the results of individual-particle studies that use microscopy-based techniques, emphasizing transmission electron microscopy and focusing on achievements of the past ten years. We discuss the techniques that are best suited for studying distinct particle properties and provide a brief overview of major particle types, their identification, and their sources. The majority of this review is concerned with the optical properties and hygroscopic behavior of aerosol particles; we discuss recent results and highlight the potential of emerging microscopy techniques for analyzing the particle properties that contribute most to climate effects.
Serum branched chain amino acids: an effective indicator of diabetic kidney disease

Introduction In recent years, there has been a growing association between elevated circulating levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and diabetes mellitus. However, the relationship between serum BCAA levels and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains ambiguous. This study aims to investigate serum BCAA levels in DKD patients at various stages and assess the correlation between BCAA and clinical characteristics. Materials and methods We enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were admitted to our hospital and categorized them into three groups based on different DKD stages: normal proteinuria, microproteinuria, and macroalbuminuria groups. Forty healthy volunteers were included as the control group, and we measured serum BCAA concentrations using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Subsequently, we conducted correlation and regression analyses to assess the associations between BCAA and clinical indicators. Results Serum BCAA levels were significantly elevated in T2DM patients compared to healthy controls. However, these levels exhibited a gradual decline with the progression of DKD. Furthermore, after adjusting for age, gender, and disease duration, we observed an independent association between serum albumin, urinary transferrin, and urinary microalbumin with BCAA. Discussion Our findings suggest a noteworthy decline in serum BCAA levels alongside the advancement of DKD. Additionally, serum BCAA exhibits an independent correlation with renal function indicators. These observations point to the possibility that serum BCAA concentrations in individuals with T2DM hold promise as a crucial predictor for both the initiation and progression of DKD.
Mitochondrial Dyshomeostasis as an Early Hallmark and a Therapeutic Target in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal multisystem disease characterized by progressive death of motor neurons, loss of muscle mass, and impaired energy metabolism. More than 40 genes are now known to be associated with ALS, which together account for the majority of familial forms of ALS and only 10% of sporadic ALS cases. To date, there is no consensus on the pathogenesis of ALS, which makes it difficult to develop effective therapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondria, which play an important role in cellular homeostasis, are the earliest targets in ALS, and abnormalities in their structure and functions contribute to the development of bioenergetic stress and disease progression. Mitochondria are known to be highly dynamic organelles, and their stability is maintained through a number of key regulatory pathways. Mitochondrial homeostasis is dynamically regulated via mitochondrial biogenesis, clearance, fission/fusion, and trafficking; however, the processes providing “quality control” and distribution of the organelles are prone to dysregulation in ALS. Here, we systematically summarized changes in mitochondrial turnover, dynamics, calcium homeostasis, and alterations in mitochondrial transport and functions to provide in-depth insights into disease progression pathways, which may have a significant impact on current symptomatic therapies and personalized treatment programs for patients with ALS.
Streaming towards innovation: Understanding consumer adoption of OTT services through IRT and TAM

Abstract The rise of cord-cutting due to technological advancements and internet accessibility has led to an increased interest in understanding the adoption behavior of consumers towards over-the-top services (OTTs). This study aimed to comprehend the barriers to adopting the first wave of OTTs and the innovation characteristics, along with the propagation mechanism, in the second wave, using the Innovation Resistance Theory (IRT) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), respectively. The study was conducted in India, with 302 and 572 respondents for the first and second waves, respectively. Data were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that value barriers, technology vulnerability barriers, and individual barriers had the highest impact on consumer resistance, negatively impacting continued usage intention. Consumer habits were found to play a conditional role in antagonizing the effects of consumer resistance on continued usage intention. In the second wave, innovation and consumer characteristics had no significant impact on continued usage behavior. Instead, a robust propagation mechanism was explored to overcome consumer resistance and promote innovation. These findings provide valuable insights for OTT service providers and policymakers to promote continued usage intention and overcome consumer resistance.
Synthetic Modeling Study of the Effect of Attenuation Anisotropy in Fractured Media

The process of hydraulic fracturing is neither completely understood nor does a commonly accepted description exist. Its application in gas or oil industry is well known, but geothermal reservoir recovery and stimulation of ground water sources can also base on hydraulic fracturing. Knowledge of the fracturing process and thus a prediction of fracture growth would increase its reliability and efficiency. The goal of this work is to characterise the reflection of an acoustic wave at a single crack which is idealised as a thin fluid layer embedded in solid elastic media. The dependency of reflection coefficients for different incidence angles is investigated in a theoretical approach and is modelled by using the numerical layer-code software OASES. For small values of Poisson's ratio the reflection coefficient is nearly independent of the frequency of the wave. For incidence angles greater than ~30° the reflection coefficient is independent of the specific magnitude of P- and S-wave velocity, it only depends on their ratio. These results serve as a pre-study for a more complex setup, which can be randomly distributed cracks. In combination with reflection processing of microseismic events these results will help to estimate reservoir properties or improve the imaging of hydraulic fractures.
Climate change impacts—throwing the dice?

Although Einstein was referring to quantum mechanics in this statement rather than to hydrology, one sometimes does wonder whether we are throwing the dice in hydrological analyses. When two experts estimate the 100-year flood in a small ungauged catchment, chances are that their estimates are very different. When two groups predict the effects of future hydrological changes on stream flow and recharge for the same catchment, the results will hardly be consistent. Yet, climate change impact analyses have become a standard method in our tool box for addressing issues that seem to be of overwhelming concern to the society today. In this paper, we argue that impact studies often tend to be overly optimistic about the reliability of their predictions, and overly pessimistic about the effects on society. Just as a medical doctor who, when in doubt, would say that his patient is going to die—to be on the safe side. We will contrast this assessment with our views on the current state of change prediction, and outline the opportunities in this exciting field of hydrologic research.
Two kinds of granulites (HT-HP and HT-UHT) in North China Craton:Their genetic relation and geotectonic implications.

High-grade metamorphie rocks are extensively distributed in the North China Craton ( NCC ) , and study on high-temperature and high-pressure granulites ( HT-HP) and high- ultrahigh- temperature granulites ( HT-UHT) is a key issue to understanding the tectonic evolution of the Early Precambrian Earth. The HT-HP granulites are mainly garnet-bearing mafic granulites that are metamorphosed and deformed dykes enclosed in the orthogneisses. The HT-UHT rocks are metamorphosed pelites (khondalites) , and sapphirine and spinal in khondalite indicates metamorphie: temperature 900～1000℃. This paper deals with the occurrences, distribution, metamorphie conditions and history, isotopic ages of the two granulites, and emphasizes the following aspects; ①the peak metamorphie conditions and P-T paths with a relief of pressure for two granulites are similar; ②their metamorphie ages of the peak and followed decompressional stages are also similar; ③HT-HP and HT-UHT granulites probably occur in area distribution other than in linear distribution; ④high-grade granulites represent the Precambrain lowermost crust. Their metamorphie P/T gradients, uplifting rates, rigidities and protolith rock associations are significantly different from those of rocks in Phanerozoic orogenic belts. Therefore, the metamorphic geological setting and their original relation for the two granulites are most important in the future study.
Antibody–Drug Conjugates in HR+ Breast Cancer: Where Are We Now and Where Are We Heading?

Hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) accounts for about 60–70% of all diagnosed BCs, and endocrine therapy has long been the hallmark of systemic treatment for this tumor subtype. However, the therapeutic paradigm of luminal BC has been overcome due to recent evidence of antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) activity (such as trastuzumab deruxtecan and sacituzumab govitecan) in pretreated metastatic HR+ BC patients. Therefore, nowadays, the identification of patients who can benefit more from this approach represents a new challenge, as does the management of new toxicities and the integration of these drugs into the therapeutic algorithm of HR+ metastatic BC patients.
Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic deformation in the northeastern Galilee Basin, Australia

Newly recognised depocentres and structures in the northeastern Galilee Basin are associated with long-term passive thermal subsidence and periods of uplift. Evidence presented here shows that a contractional event in the mid-Carboniferous had an influence during late-stage development of the underlying Drummond Basin and early development of the Galilee Basin. An extensional event in the Late Carboniferous is documented by analysis of depositional patterns. Permian to mid-Triassic contractional events in the adjacent Bowen Basin had little influence in development of the Galilee Basin. Major inversion in the Middle Triassic reactivated structures and ended basin development.
Brewer‐Dobson circulation diagnosed from JRA‐55

We examine the Brewer‐Dobson circulation (BDC) in the lower stratosphere diagnosed from the Japanese 55 year Reanalysis (JRA‐55) data set and compare it with the BDCs diagnosed from the other reanalyses (i.e., ERA‐Interim and JRA‐25), and JRA‐55‐related data sets (i.e., JRA‐55C, created by assimilating only in situ observations, and JRA‐55AMIP, a simulation by a prediction model). The climatological mean seasonal change of the BDC in JRA‐55 is similar to that in ERA‐Interim but considerably different from that in JRA‐25. Dynamical and thermodynamical consistencies among the variables are greatly improved in the JRA‐55 data set. The interannual variations of the annual mean tropical upwellings in JRA‐55 are almost coincident with those in JRA‐55C. It suggests that the weakly increasing trend of the BDC found in JRA‐55 does not have anything to do with changes in the satellite observing system. The climatological mean tropical upwelling diagnosed from JRA‐55 is stronger than that from JRA‐55AMIP. This difference is presumed to partly link to the model's inability to simulate the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO). The JRA‐55AMIP data set, a simple simulation performed without data assimilation, does not simulate the QBO, whereas the JRA‐55 data set represents the QBO with the aid of data assimilation. The climatological mean zonal mean states of JRA‐55AMIP considerably deviate from those of JRA‐55 in the lower stratosphere. The deviation of JRA‐55AMIP is similar to the modulation pattern by the QBO in specific phase regions in which the BDC is rather weak. The simulated QBO might enhance the BDC and reduce the model biases in the tropical lower stratosphere.
Being Thankful for What You Have: A Systematic Review of Evidence for the Effect of Gratitude on Life Satisfaction

Background Many studies suggest a link between gratitude and life satisfaction, including experimental tests of gratitude interventions. This paper presents a systematic review of recent literature on the influence of gratitude on life satisfaction. The aim of this research is to better understand the nature of the relationship between gratitude and life satisfaction and to evaluate the state of literature. Methodology A systematic search was conducted using four databases (APA PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO), targeting articles published since 2010. Correlational studies were included if they used the GQ6 measure of gratitude and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Intervention studies were included if they reported effects of a gratitude manipulation on SWLS scores. Forty-four articles (N = 16,529) focusing on gratitude and life satisfaction were ultimately selected. Among the selected studies, 18 employed experimental designs and 26 were cross-sectional studies. Five studies also presented cross-lagged analyses from two or more timepoints. Results The review indicated a substantial positive correlation between gratitude and life satisfaction. Various potential mediators were also identified, including meaning in life, social support, and self-esteem. Some experimental research suggested that gratitude interventions may increase life satisfaction compared to neutral control conditions, although evidence was mixed. There was stronger evidence for these effects in people from Western countries. However, there is no strong evidence that gratitude interventions outperform positively valenced control conditions. Thus, it is possible that the effects of intervention could be caused by demand- or placebo effects. Conclusion and Recommendation While it is clear that there is a link between gratitude and life satisfaction, the extent to which gratitude causes life satisfaction and the mechanism underlying that link require further exploration. We suggest that experimental work test effects of changes in gratitude that cannot be explained by placebo- or demand effects. We also encourage more interactive interventions as well as research that investigates third variables that could underlie both gratitude and life satisfaction.
A Genetic Algorithm-Based Improved Availability Framework for Controller Placement in SDN

Thanks to the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm, which segregates the control and data layers of traditional networks, large and scalable networks can now be dynamically configured and managed. It is a game-changing networking technology that provides increased flexibility and scalability through centralized management. The Controller Placement Problem (CPP), however, poses a crucial problem in SDN because it directly impacts the efficiency and performance of the network. The CPP attempts to determine the most ideal number of controllers for any network and their corresponding relative positioning. This is to generally minimize communication delays between switches and controllers and maintain network reliability and resilience. In this paper, we present a modified Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique to solve the CPP efficiently. Our approach makes use the GA's capabilities to obtain the best controller placement correlation based on important factors such as network delay, reliability and availability. We further optimize the process by means of certain deduced constraints to allow faster convergence.
The stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Ordovician Partry Group, southeastern Murrisk, Ireland

The uppermost part of the Ordovician succession in southeastern Murrisk, western Ireland, consists of coarse-grained sedimentary rocks and tuffs, the Partry Group, hitherto subdivided into the Mweelrea Formation, unconformably overlain by the Maumtrasna Formation. The age of the lower part of the succession is late Llanvirn whilst that of the upper part is unknown. Evidence is presented to show that the two formations are lateral equivalents. Consequently the Mweelrea Formation is redefined and the Maumtrasna Formation becomes redundant. The revision of the stratigraphy enables a coherent sedimentological model for the group to be proposed. The sediments of the Mweelrea Formation were deposited on alluvial fans and distally-equivalent alluvial plains and delta fans. The direction of sediment transport was towards the north and northwest.
Interdisciplinary Therapy Improves the Mediators of Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents with Obesity

Obesity is associated with inflammation and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality, as well as a range of other conditions. Obesity is a growing global problem, not only in adults, but also in children and adolescents. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effects of a one-year interdisciplinary intervention on the cardiometabolic and inflammatory profiles of adolescents with obesity. Twenty-two adolescents completed the intervention, which included clinical, nutritional, psychological and physical exercise counselling. Body composition, and metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular risk biomarkers were analyzed before and after one year of intervention. Visceral and subcutaneous fat were determined ultrasonographically. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) equation were used to estimate insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, respectively. A reduction in body mass, adiposity, glucose, and insulin and an improved lipid profile were observed after the therapy. Hyperleptinemia was reduced from 77.3% to 36.4%. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), leptin, the leptin/adiponectin ratio, and the adiponectin/leptin ratio were also significantly improved. Metabolic changes were associated with a reduction in visceral fat and waist circumference, and adiponectin and the leptin/adiponectin ratio were associated with HOMA-IR. The interdisciplinary therapy promoted improvements in hyperleptinemia and metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular biomarkers.
Hardware-Based Software Control Flow Integrity: Review on the State-of-the-Art Implementation Technology

Code Reuse Attacks (CRA) represent a type of control flow hijacking that attackers exploit to manipulate the standard program execution path, resulting in abnormal processor behaviors. In response to the security concern, proposals for Control Flow Integrity (CFI) verification have emerged. The CFI scheme diligently monitors program jumps during execution, effectively restraining abnormal program execution and robustly safeguarding against CRA. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the current state of hardware-based CFI implementations. In this survey, we initially discuss common attack methods and variations of predominant CRA, elucidating the general procedural steps intrinsic to such attacks. We delve into the protective capacities inherent in contemporary hardware-based CFI implementations. By conducting a thorough examination and organization of diverse research endeavors on hardware-based CFI, we systematically classify CFI based on implementation methodologies, including label verification, instruction encryption, stack edge detection, instruction tracing, sensitive data isolation, and basic block validation. We provide comprehensive explanations and critical evaluations for each category followed by comparative analyses while offering personal insights on the evolution of hardware-based CFI.