Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-term Persistence of Allosensitization After Islet Allograft Failure

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background. Allosensitization has been reported after discontinuation of immunosuppression following graft failure in islet transplantation (ITx) recipients, though duration of its persistence is unknown. Methods. We evaluated 35 patients with type 1 diabetes who received ITx, including 17 who developed graft failure (ITx alone, n = 13; ITx plus bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells, n = 4) and 18 with persistent graft function. Panel-reactive antibody (PRA) was measured yearly for the duration of graft function within 1 y after graft failure at enrollment and yearly thereafter. Results. In ITx alone graft failure patients, 61% (8/13) were PRA-positive at 6 y postgraft failure, and 46% (6/13) developed donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA to 2 ± 1 donors) during follow-up. The degree of sensitization was variable (cPRA ranging between 22% and 100% after graft failure). Allosensitization persisted for 7–15 y. Three subjects (3/13) were not allosensitized. In ITx plus bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cell recipients, cPRA-positivity (88%–98%) and DSA positivity persisted for 15 y in 75% (3/4) of subjects. Conclusions. Allosensitization was minimal while subjects remained on immunosuppression, but after discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy, the majority of subjects (77%) became allosensitized with persistence of PRA positivity for up to 15 y. Persistence of allosensitization in this patient population is of clinical importance as it may result in longer transplant waiting list times for identification of a suitable donor in the case of requiring a subsequent transplant.
Acute and long-term impairments regarding emotional symptoms and quality of life in patients suffering from transient ischemic attack and stroke

ABSTRACT Objectives: Ischemic stroke (IS) is often associated with long-lasting physical deficits, linked to emotional symptoms (ES) and lowered quality of life (QoL). However, recent observations raised doubts regarding the traditional perspective of solely impairment-driven ES. In fact, anxiety and depression were also reported after transient ischemic attack (TIA) with a per definition absence of infarction and thus lacking physical deficits. This study follows the hypothesis that TIA patients might exhibit non-physical symptoms affecting individual QoL. Methods: In a prospective single-center observational study, IS patients (n = 73) were compared with TIA patients (n = 24) regarding their neurological deficit, ES and QoL, whereas the latter were evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Short Form 36 Heath Survey (SF-36). Assessments were conducted six times within a one-year follow-up period. Results: Overall, anxiety and depression decreased over time, while anxiety decreased more substantially. TIA patients showed similar levels of anxiety and depression when compared to IS patients. ES were detectable very early after the event and remained throughout the follow-up period in both groups. ES were associated with an impaired QoL including non-functional dimensions, while the strongest interrelations were observed for TIA patients, emphasizing interrelations between QoL and anxiety. Discussion: This study indicates that ES after TIA are comparable to the emotional burden after IS. ES after TIA were associated with QoL, pointing out their crucial role for individual well-being. Although confirmation in larger studies is necessary, these data underpin the need for early clinical awareness regarding non-physical symptoms in TIA patients.
The Role of Back Optic Zone Diameter in Myopia Control with Orthokeratology Lenses

We compared the efficacy of controlling the annual increase in axial length (AL) in myopic Caucasian children based on two parameters: the back optic zone diameter (BOZD) of the orthokeratology (OK) lens and plus power ring diameter (PPRD) or mid-peripheral annular ring of corneal steepening. Data from 71 myopic patients (mean age, 13.34 ± 1.38 years; range, 10–15 years; 64% male) corrected with different BOZD OK lenses (DRL, Precilens) were collected retrospectively from a Spanish optometric clinic. The sample was divided into groups with BOZDs above or below 5.00 mm and the induced PPRD above or below 4.5 mm, and the relation to AL and refractive progression at 12 months was analyzed. Three subgroups were analyzed, i.e., plus power ring (PPR) inside, outside, or matching the pupil. The mean baseline myopia was −3.11 ± 1.46 D and the AL 24.65 ± 0.88 mm. Significant (p < 0.001) differences were found after 12 months of treatment in the refractive error and AL for the BOZD and PPRD. AL changes in subjects with smaller BOZDs decreased significantly regarding larger diameters (0.09 ± 0.12 and 0.15 ± 0.11 mm, respectively); in subjects with a horizontal sector of PPRD falling inside the pupil, the AL increased less (p = 0.035) than matching or outside the pupil groups by 0.04 ± 0.10 mm, 0.10 ± 0.11 mm, and 0.17 ± 0.12 mm, respectively. This means a 76% lesser AL growth or 0.13 mm/year in absolute reduction. OK corneal parameters can be modified by changing the OK lens designs, which affects myopia progression and AL elongation. Smaller BOZD induces a reduced PPRDs that slows AL elongation better than standard OK lenses. Further investigations should elucidate the effect of pupillary diameter, PPRD, and power change on myopia control.
Understanding the Five-Year Outcomes of Abusive Head Trauma in Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study

ABSTRACT Understanding the long-term medical and developmental outcomes for children who survive abusive head trauma (AHT) is important to ensure necessary supports and services are available. This study examined the retrospective global and specific medical and developmental outcomes of 55 children with AHT who were treated at The Children’s Hospital at Westmead. Global outcomes were assessed using the Kings Outcome Scale of Childhood Head Injury (KOSCHI). Five years post-injury, one child had died and two had made a complete recovery. Forty-five children (81.8%) had a moderate or severe disability, an increase from 64.5% at acute discharge. At follow-up, the main impairments were behavioral problems (53%), vision impairment (44%), fine motor difficulties (26%), gross motor problems (26%), communication problems (24%) and 16% had seizures. A Spearman’s Rank correlation revealed that only 41% of variance in KOSCHI scores five years post-injury could be accounted for KOSCHI scores at the time of acute discharge (rs(55) = 0.638, p < . 001), and many children’s presentation was worse at follow-up. Therefore, all children presenting with AHT need long term follow up regardless of early indications of good recovery.
Global Trends of Latent Prostate Cancer in Autopsy Studies

Simple Summary The incidence of prostate cancer (PC) is statistically biased due to the increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and the accuracy of national cancer registration systems. However, studies on latent PC provide less biased information. This comprehensive review included studies evaluating latent PC in several countries. The prevalence of latent PC has been stable since 1950 in Western countries, but it has increased over time in Asian countries. Latent PC in Asian men has increased in prevalence and is higher in grade. This increase occurred not only due to the increase in PSA screening, but also due to increasing adoption of a Westernized lifestyle. Racial differences between Caucasian and Asian men may also explain the tumor location of latent PC. The autopsy findings in patients with latent PC included a significant proportion of high grade and stage cancers, suggesting a need to reconsider the definition of clinically insignificant PC. Abstract The incidence of prostate cancer (PC) has been increasing in Asian countries, where it was previously low. Although the adoption of a Westernized lifestyle is a possible explanation, the incidence is statistically biased due to the increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and the accuracy of national cancer registration systems. Studies on latent PC provide less biased information. This review included studies evaluating latent PC in several countries after excluding studies using random or single-section evaluations and those that did not mention section thickness. The findings showed that latent PC prevalence has been stable since 1950 in Western countries, but has increased over time in Asian countries. Latent PC in Asian men has increased in both prevalence and number of high-grade cases. Racial differences between Caucasian and Asian men may explain the tumor location of latent PC. In conclusion, the recent increase in latent PC in Asian men is consistent with an increase in clinical PC. Evidence suggests that this increase is caused not only by the increase in PSA screening, but also by the adoption of a more Westernized lifestyle. Autopsy findings suggest the need to reconsider the definition of clinically insignificant PC.
Structural and interactional aspects of adverbial sentences in English mother-child interactions: an analysis of two dense corpora

Abstract We analysed both structural and functional aspects of sentences containing the four adverbials “after”, “before”, “because”, and “if” in two dense corpora of parent-child interactions from two British English-acquiring children (2;00–4;07). In comparing mothers’ and children's usage we separate out the effects of frequency, cognitive complexity and pragmatics in explaining the course of acquisition of adverbial sentences. We also compare these usage patterns to stimuli used in a range of experimental studies and show how differences may account for some of the difficulties that children have shown in experiments. In addition, we report descriptive data on various aspects of adverbial sentences that have not yet been studied as a resource for future investigations.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Immersive Virtual Reality Therapy as a Method Supporting Pulmonary Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Anxiety has been estimated to occur in 21–96% and depression in 27–79% of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). We found a scarcity of literature providing evidence on how virtual reality (VR) therapy affects the intensity of depressive and anxiety symptoms and stress levels in COPD patients undergoing in-hospital pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). This study enrolled 50 COPD patients with symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety, randomly assigned to one of two groups. The two groups participated in the traditional PR programme additionally: the VR-group performed 10 sessions of immersive VR-therapy and the control group performed 10 sessions of Schultz autogenic training. Comparison of the changes in stress levels and depressive and anxiety symptoms was the primary outcome. Analysis of the results showed a reduction in stress levels only in the VR-group (p < 0.0069), with a medium effect size (d = 0.353). The symptoms of depression (p < 0.001, d = 0.836) and anxiety (p < 0.0009, d = 0.631) were statistically significantly reduced only in the VR-group, with a strong effect size. The enrichment of pulmonary rehabilitation with immersive VR therapy brings benefits in terms of mood improvement and reduction in anxiety and stress in patients with COPD.
The Politics of LGBT+ Health Inequality: Conclusions from a UK Scoping Review

This scoping review of UK evidence aimed to describe what is known about Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Trans (LGBT+) health inequalities in relation to cancer, mental health, and palliative care to inform research, policy and public health interventions. Using a scoping review methodology, we identified studies from database searches, citation tracking, and expert consultation. The in/exclusion criteria was based on the PICOS framework. The data were charted and then summarised to map the theoretical approaches and the main types of evidence and identify knowledge gaps. In total, 279 articles were screened and 83 were included in the final review. We found that there is limited UK research examining LGBT+ health inequality in cancer, mental health and palliative care. We would argue that this thin evidence base is partly due to national policy discussions of LGBT+ health inequality that are framed within a depoliticised ‘it’s getting better’ narrative, and an unwillingness to adequately acknowledge the unjust social and economic relations that produce LGBT+ health inequality. In addition, LGBT+ health inequality is depoliticised by existing public health explanatory theories, models and frameworks that exclude sexual orientation and gender diversity as dimensions of power that interlock with those of socio-economic, race and ethnicity. This is a barrier to developing public health interventions that can successfully tackle LGBT+ health inequality
Fatty Acid Derivatives Isolated from the Oil of Persea americana (Avocado) Protects against Neomycin-Induced Hair Cell Damage

Avocado oil is beneficial to human health and has been reported to have beneficial effects on sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, the compounds in avocado oil that affect SNHL have not been identified. In this study, we identified 20 compounds from avocado oil, including two new and 18 known fatty acid derivatives, using extensive spectroscopic analysis. The efficacy of the isolated compounds for improving SNHL was investigated in an ototoxic zebrafish model. The two new compounds, namely (2R,4R,6Z)-1,2,4-trihydroxynonadec-6-ene and (2R,4R)-1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadecadi-14,16-ene (compounds 1 and 2), as well as compounds 7, 9, 14, 17 and 19 showed significant improvement in damaged hair cells in toxic zebrafish. These results led to the conclusion that compounds from avocado oil as well as oil itself have a regenerative effect on damaged otic hair cells in ototoxic zebrafish.
A discursive analysis of compliance, resistance and escalation to threats in sexually exploitative interactions between offenders and male children.

There is a notable scarcity of empirical studies focusing on online sexual grooming using real world, naturally occurring data. Limited research with real victims (as opposed to decoys) has indicated that more overt forceful threats are employed by offenders in such interaction; however, they tell us little about how these threats are built up and managed by both parties. Furthermore, the majority of research focuses on female victims, with limited attention paid to male victims. The current study presents a discursive psychology analysis of chat logs between one offender (posing as a teenage girl) and five male victims under the age of 16 years, in order to explore how victims attempt to resist such manoeuvres in situ, and how offenders manage such resistance. The sexualized nature evidenced in our data contrasts with other findings which suggest that boys are not sexually solicited and that interactions with boys are less aggressive and forceful. Our findings demonstrate for the first time how an offender escalated his issuing of threats following victims' resistance and non-compliance to requests. Turning points that appeared odd in the online interactions suggest that they may be used to encourage children to be more reflective about any further engagement.
Neural signatures of temporal regularity and recurring patterns in random tonal sound sequences

The auditory system is highly sensitive to recurring patterns in the acoustic input – even in otherwise unstructured material, such as white noise or random tonal sequences. Electroencephalography (EEG) research revealed a characteristic negative potential to periodically recurring auditory patterns ‐ a response, which has been interpreted as memory trace‐related and specific, rather than as a sign of periodicity‐driven entrainment. Here, we aim to disentangle these two possible contributions by investigating the influence of a periodic sound sequence's inherent temporal regularity on event‐related potentials. Participants were presented continuous sequences of short tones of random pitch, with some sequences containing a recurring pattern, and asked to indicate whether they heard a repetition. Patterns were either spaced equally across the random sequence (isochronous condition) or with a temporal jitter (jittered condition), which enabled us to differentiate between event‐related potentials (and thus processing operations associated with a memory trace for a repeated pattern) and the periodic nature of the repetitions. A negative recurrence‐related component could be observed independently of temporal regularity, was pattern‐specific, and modulated by across trial repetition of the pattern. Critically, isochronous pattern repetition induced an additional early periodicity‐related positive component, which started to build up already before the pattern onset and which was elicited undampedly even when the repeated pattern was occasionally not presented. This positive component likely reflects a sensory driven entrainment process that could be the foundation of a behavioural benefit in detecting temporally regular repetitions.
Correlation Between Symptom Clusters and Quality of Life in Children With Acute Leukemia During Chemotherapy

Background Children with acute leukemia experience various distressing symptoms due to the disease and its treatment during chemotherapy. These symptoms cluster together and have negative impacts on patient outcomes. Objective The aim of this study was to examine symptom clusters that children with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy are experiencing and the impact of these symptom clusters on their quality of life. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used, and 184 Chinese children with acute leukemia who were undergoing chemotherapy were invited to participate in the study. Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale 10–18 and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory General Core Module version 4.0 were applied. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression were used to identify symptom clusters and their influence on the quality of life. Results Six symptom clusters were identified as gastrointestinal, emotional, neurological, skin mucosal, self-image disorder, and somatic cluster. The severity of each symptom cluster was negatively correlated with quality of life. Among them, gastrointestinal, emotional, and somatic clusters were significant predictors of quality of life. Conclusions There are multiple symptom clusters in children with acute leukemia, which seriously affect children's quality of life. To relieve symptom burden and improve quality of life, nursing and medical staff should pay attention to the symptom management and control in a symptom cluster perspective. Implications for Practice The results of this study will provide suggestions for the healthcare provider to plan for these symptoms and manage any concurrent symptoms for the successful promotion of children's quality of life.
Multi-Institutional Assessment of Routine Same Day Discharge Surgery for Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy. Letter.

To the Editor: We read with interest the study by Ploussard et al concerning same day discharge surgery (SDD) for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. First, we would like to congratulate the authors for the quality of their study. It is an encouraging study concerning the future possibility of wide implementation of same day discharge robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. This perspective opens, as outlined by the authors, sensible cost reduction of hospital stay and, as a result of same day discharge ambition, more prehabilitation program implementation. Ploussard et al reported promising results for 568 patients: they noted 4.2% of SDD failure, 1.5% Clavien 3-4 complications and 2.8% readmission within the population included. Those results state far better success for the same day discharge than previously predicted by the feasibility study in which only 51.9% of patients reported as discharged home the same day as the surgery. We would like to stress what we considered as a strength of this study, which is a large number of centers implicated and thus the wide number of patients included. This highly interesting study raised a lot of questions within our team. First, concerning the design, we assumed this was a retrospective study (since it was not defined clearly in the publication) and we were interested in having more information on each center’s patient selection methodology, especially about inclusion in the preoperative pathway. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR/ERRATA 1529
Laser Cut Interruption Detection from Small Images by Using Convolutional Neural Network

In this publication, we use a small convolutional neural network to detect cut interruptions during laser cutting from single images of a high-speed camera. A camera takes images without additional illumination at a resolution of 32 × 64 pixels from cutting steel sheets of varying thicknesses with different laser parameter combinations and classifies them into cuts and cut interruptions. After a short learning period of five epochs on a certain sheet thickness, the images are classified with a low error rate of 0.05%. The use of color images reveals slight advantages with lower error rates over greyscale images, since, during cut interruptions, the image color changes towards blue. A training set on all sheet thicknesses in one network results in tests error rates below 0.1%. This low error rate and the short calculation time of 120 µs on a standard CPU makes the system industrially applicable.
Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Related to COVID-19.

One of the most disturbing aspects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the US is the disproportionate harm that it has caused to historically marginalized groups. Black, Hispanic, and Asian people have substantially higher rates of infection, hospitalization, and death compared with White people.1,2 According to an analysis by the Kaiser Family Foundation and the Epic Health Research Network, based on data from the Epic health record system for 7 million Black patients, 5.1 million Hispanic patients, 1.4 million Asian patients, and 34.1 million White patients, as of July 20, 2020, the hospitalization rates and death rates per 10 000, respectively, were 24.6 and 5.6 for Black patients, 30.4 and 5.6 for Hispanic patients, 15.9 and 4.3 for Asian patients, and 7.4 and 2.3 for White patients.2 American Indian persons living in the US also have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19.1
Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury Causes Neuroinflammation before Tau Pathology in Adolescent P301S Mice

Repetitive closed head injury (rCHI) is commonly encountered in young athletes engaged in contact and collision sports. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) including rCHI has been reported to be an important risk factor for several tauopathies in studies of adult humans and animals. However, the link between rCHI and the progression of tau pathology in adolescents remains to be elucidated. We evaluated whether rCHI can trigger the initial acceleration of pathological tau in adolescent mice and impact the long-term outcomes post-injury. To this end, we subjected adolescent transgenic mice expressing the P301S tau mutation to mild rCHI and assessed tau hyperphosphorylation, tangle formation, markers of neuroinflammation, and behavioral deficits at 40 days post rCHI. We report that rCHI did not accelerate tau pathology and did not worsen behavioral outcomes compared to control mice. However, rCHI induced cortical and hippocampal microgliosis and corpus callosum astrocytosis in P301S mice by 40 days post-injury. In contrast, we did not find significant microgliosis or astrocytosis after rCHI in age-matched WT mice or sham-injured P301S mice. Our data suggest that neuroinflammation precedes the development of Tau pathology in this rCHI model of adolescent repetitive mild TBI.