Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dental awareness among medical students- A cross sectional study

Context: Awareness of dentistry among medical students. Aim: To assess the awareness of dentistry among medical students. Settings and Design: To assess the awareness of dentistry among medical students, a structured questionnaire consisting of 17 closed end questions was prepared and sent to 750 people who included exam going final year MBBS students and interns from various medical colleges in Telangana. This questionnaire was prepared & sent using Google Forms though E-mail and Whatsapp and the participants were asked to submit the response in 15 days. A total of 506 responses were received in 15 days. Google Forms automatically tabulates the submitted responses in pie diagrams. Statistical Analysis Used: All the submitted responses from the participants were automatically analysed statistically by the Google Forms in the form of Pie diagrams. Results: The results show some interesting points and highlight some significant findings on awareness of dentistry among medical students. Conclusions: Majority of the participants do not know about proper brushing technique and were brushing only once daily. Many participants were unaware of consequences of ignoring the dental problems. Many are not aware of preventive dentistry and they lack knowledge about aesthetic dentistry. Majority of the participants know that there is a separate specialist for root canal treatment and for the treatment of irregularly arranged teeth. Most of the participants do not know about the systemic diseases related to dental problems. Keywords: Dental awareness, Disease, Medical students.
Studi Penggunaan Sefalosporin Generasi Ketiga pada Pasien Pneumonia di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Surabaya

Pneumonia is an acute lung tissue infection caused by inflammation of the lung parenchyma and the presence of exudate compaction in lung tissue. Based on epidemiology, pneumonia can be differentiated into communityacquired pneumonia and health care-associated pneumonia. The HCAP category divided pneumonia into hospital acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. This study aims to analyze the pattern of third generation cephalosporin use in pneumonia patients based on drug route of administration, dosage, frequency, interval and duration of drug usage, and laboratory data. This study was conducted retrospectively with time limited sampling method during the period of August 1, 2016 - August 31, 2017. The study was conducted in 31 patients with diagnosis of pneumonia undergoing hospitalization and received third generation cephalosporin antibiotic therapy at inpatient installation of RSU Haji Surabaya which traced through Medical Record. All samples were recorded on the data collection sheet, and then the data was recapitulated and analyzed. Based on the observation result, it was found that ceftriaxone with frequency and dose 2x1 g (iv) used as much as 41% (11 people), the combination between ceftriaxone 2x1 g (iv) with levofloxacin 1x1 g (iv) used as much as 22% (4 people). The longest use of third generation cephalosporin antibiotics was ceftriaxone (4-6 days) as much as 35% (12 people).
Evaluation of the fourth ventricle and nomogram of intracranial translucency at 11–13 weeks of gestation

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate normal reference ranges of intracranial translucency (IT) diameter, and to obtain its nomogram in normal fetuses, during 11–13 weeks of gestation. Methods: This was a retrospective data evaluation of first trimester ultrasound scans. A total of 2417 singleton pregnancies were included in the study. IT was measured in the nuchal translucency plane. Nomogram and formula of IT diameter were defined according to crown-rump length (CRL). Results: The IT diameters were measured successfully in 2250 fetuses (93.1%). The mean maternal age was 31.8±4.0 years. The mean CRL was 62.0±6.9 mm. The mean IT diameter was 1.83±0.29 mm. The linear tendency was determined according to the following formula: IT (mm)= 0.54 + 0.02 × CRL (mm); r=0.24. Conclusion: We presented the feasibility and a nomogram of IT diameter at 11 to 13 weeks of gestation in our population to be used for early prediction of neural tube defects.
Autophagy-related protein PIK3C3/VPS34 controls T cell metabolism and function

ABSTRACT The PIK3C3/VPS34 subunit of the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K) complex is a key early player in macroautophagy/autophagy. In this study, we assessed the contribution of PIK3C3 to T cell metabolism and function. We found that Pik3c3-deficient T cells exhibited impaired cellular metabolism, and Pik3c3-deficient CD4+ T cells failed to differentiate into T helper 1 cells. These alterations were associated with reduced levels of active mitochondria upon T cell activation. In addition, conditional Pik3c3-deficient animals failed to mount autoreactive T cell responses and were resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Interestingly, the deletion of Pik3c3 had little effect on the capacity of animals to clear tumor metastases. Collectively, our studies have revealed a critical role of PIK3C3 in T cell metabolism and the pathogenicity of these cells during EAE. Our findings also have important implications for the development of immunotherapies to treat multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory diseases by targeting PIK3C3. Abbreviations: CNS: central nervous system; DC: dendritic cell; DEG: differentially expressed gene; EAE: experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; ECAR: extracellular acidification rate; iNKT: invariant natural killer T; LAP: LC3-associated phagocytosis; LLC: Lewis lung carcinoma; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MDSC: myeloid-derived suppressor cell; MOG: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; NK: natural killer; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; PI: propidium iodide; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; RNA-seq: RNA-sequencing; TCR: T cell receptor; TMRE: tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester perchlorate
Socioeconomic factors and bacillary dysentery risk in Jiangsu Province, China: a spatial investigation using Bayesian hierarchical models

ABSTRACT Bacillary dysentery (BD) is an acute diarrheal disease prevalent in areas affected by socioeconomic disparities. We investigated BD risk and its associations with socioeconomic factors at the county-level in Jiangsu province, China using epidemiological and socioeconomic data from 2011–2014. We fitted four Bayesian hierarchical models with various prior specifications for random effects. As all model comparison criteria values were similar, we presented results from a reparameterized Besag-York-Mollié model, which addressed issues with the identifiability of variance captured by spatial and independent effects. Our model adjusted for year and socioeconomic status showed 18-65% decreased BD risk compared to 2011. We found a high relative risk in the northwestern and southwestern counties. Increasing the percentage of rural households, rural income per capita, health institutions per capita, or hospital beds per capita decreases the relative risk of BD, respectively. Our findings can be used to improve infectious diarrhea surveillance and enhance existing public health interventions.
Regeneration competence of Tainia latifolia (Lindl.) Benth ex Hook pseudobulb segments: An in vitro study

Pseudobulb segments (~5 mm size) obtained from in vitro raised plantlets as well as greenhouse grown Tainia latifolia (Lindl.) Benth ex Hook were inoculated on different basal media, viz., MS, Mitra et al and Knudson ‘C’ with different levels of adjuncts. The explants from in vitro source out performed the in vivo sourced pseudobulb segments as for as initial morphogenetic response is concerned. Of the three basal media studied, MS medium in conjunction with 3% sucrose, 100 mg L casein-hydrolysate (CH), 100 mg L citric acid (as antioxidant) and 0.1% activated charcoal (AC) performed better. Within 7 wk of culture, the explants formed as many as 12 shoot buds on MS medium containing 3 μM NAA + 6 μM BA, where about 78% explants responded positively. While 3-4 shoot buds developed after 10 wk of culture from the in vivo sourced explants on MS medium containing 3 μM NAA + 12 μM BA and about 72% explants exhibited positive response. Incorporation of AC in the media proved to be promotory by reducing the browning of the medium and early initiation of the culture. The shoot buds from the initiation medium converted into rooted plantlets within 2-3 passages on MS medium containing 3% sucrose, 0.1% AC, 100 mg L citric acid and 3 μM NAA + 9 μM BA. The well rooted plantlets (~10 cm long with 2 or 3 roots) were hardened for 10-12 wk in culture vials containing 1/10 MS salt solution containing 2% sucrose, pieces of charcoal, coconut husk and chopped litter (1:1:1). The hardened plants were transferred to community potting mix and maintained in the poly-house for 7-8 wk before transferring to the wild. The transplants registered about 70% survival after two months of transfer.
ROLE OF COPPER IN IMPROVING THE SEED QUALITY OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS)

'Morden' sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was grown in refined sand at a copper supply ranging from acute deficiency (0.00065 mg/litre) to excess (6.5 mg/litre) to study the effect of variable copper on growth, biomass,oil yield,etc. The oil content in seeds was highest at 0.065 mg Cu/litre and compared to this, it decreased more in deficiency (<0,065 mg/litre) than in excess of copper (6.5 mg/litre). High copper also reduced the biomass, total seed weight and the activities of polyphenol oxidase, ascorbic acid oxidase and cytochrome C oxidase in leaves. In sunflower, low copper (<0.065 mg Cu/litre) induced the characteristic visible deficiency symptoms and drastically reduced the growth. biomass and seea yield accompanied 'by 'lOW sugar concentratiOn and 'lowered activities Of polyphenol oxidase. ascorbic acid oxidase and cytochrome C oxidase in leaves
Atrial Fibrillation: A New Indicator for Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia in Screening Colonoscopy

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and potentially preventable malignancy. Evidence has emerged that coronary artery disease patients are at increased risk for developing CRC by shared risk factors. Here we investigated an association between CRC and atrial fibrillation (AF), a surrogate marker of cardiovascular risk, in the setting of routine screening colonoscopy. Methods: We investigated 1949 asymptomatic participants (median age 61 [54–67] years, 49% females) undergoing screening colonoscopy within the SAKKOPI registry (Salzburg Colon Cancer Prevention Initiative). Forty-six participants with AF (2.4%) were identified, and colonoscopy findings were compared to non-AF participants. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was used to create 1:1 and 3:1 age- and gender-matched couples. Results: Abnormal findings on screening colonoscopy (any form of adenoma or carcinoma) were more common in AF participants with an odds ratios (OR) of 2.4 [1.3–4.3] in the unmatched analysis, and 2.6 [1.1–6.3] and 2.0 [1.1–4.0] in the 1:1 and 3:1 matched groups, respectively. Correspondingly, the odds of finding advanced adenomas or carcinomas was elevated about three-fold across the different matched and unmatched analyses (OR 3.3 [1.1–10.8] for 3:1 matched participants). At the same time, the prevalence and number of colonic lesions were significantly higher in AF participants (63.0% vs. 33.4% for 3:1 matched participants, p < 0.001). Non-CRC related findings on colonoscopy, like diverticulosis, were non-different between groups. Conclusion: Participants with AF had a higher burden of advanced premalignant adenomas and CRC in routine colonoscopy screening. Our data suggest that practitioners should monitor the CRC screening status, especially in AF patients.
Concurrent Validity of Postural Sway Measures in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment

Abstract Aims: To examine concurrent validity of inertial sensor (APDM ISway) versus force plate center of pressure (COP) measures of postural sway in cognitively impaired older adults. Methods: Participants, mean age 85.6 (SD 4.8), were tested in 4 static standing conditions: (1) eyes open/normal base, (2) eyes open/narrow base, (3) eyes closed/normal base, and (4) eyes closed/narrow base. ISway and COP measures were collected. Results: Strong correlations between ISway trunk sway smoothness [ISway JERK, (m2/s5)] and COP path length (r = 0.67–0.85) and COP mean velocity (r = 0.77–0.87); also ISway total sway acceleration path length/trail duration [ISway PATH, (m2/s2)] and COP path length (r = 0.77–0.87) and COP mean velocity (r = 0.77–0.91). Increased sway was detected in narrow versus normal base and eyes closed versus open conditions (P = .001). Conclusions: APDM ISway demonstrated concurrent validity to force-plate COP and changes in postural sway were detected between conditions.
Health-related Quality of Life After Fractures of the Lateral Third of the Clavicle in Children and Adolescents

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Introduction: The health-related quality of life after pediatric fractures of the lateral third of the clavicle is unknown. Given the trend in the literature toward surgical management of clavicular fractures in adults, we frequently receive referrals for surgical management of lateral clavicular fractures in children. Therefore, we examined (1) the health-related quality of life of patients who sustained a fracture of the lateral third of the clavicle in childhood and who were treated at a large regional pediatric trauma center, (2) if the health-related quality of life was associated with the age at the time of the injury, and (3) whether fracture and displacement patterns were associated with health-related qualify of life. Methods: This is a retrospective case series. We were able to identify 69 patients (21 girls and 48 boys) who sustained a fracture of the lateral third of the clavicle between the period spanning from January 2004 to June 2015. These patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire that included the Quick version of the Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) (primary outcome) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (Peds-QL). Until July 2017, we were able to get a response from 56 of these patients, resulting in a follow-up of 81%. Results: Treatment was conservative in all cases but one. In these cases, after a mean follow-up of 6.5 years (range, 1 to 13.2 y), the mean Quick-DASH was 1.2 (SD, 4.4) at a scale of 0 to 100, with lower values representing better quality of life. The mean physical function score of the Peds-QL was 97.8 (SD, 4.4), and the mean psychosocial function score was 91.8 (SD, 10.8), both at a scale of 0 to 100, with higher values representing better quality of life. There was no statistically significant association of age at the time of injury on the primary outcome Quick-DASH. There were no statistically significant associations between fracture or displacement patterns with regard to health-related quality of life. Conclusions: Conservative treatment of lateral clavicular fractures in children and adolescents is associated with excellent health-related quality of life, as measured with the disease-specific Quick-DASH and the non–disease-specific Peds-QL at a mean follow-up of 6.5 years (range, 1 to 13.2 y). There was no effect of age at the time of injury, and we were unable to identify associations to commonly analyzed risk factors, such as displacement patterns. As the conservative treatment of this type of fracture in children and adolescents is associated with such a good health-related quality of life, it is unlikely that these results could be further improved by surgical interventions. Level of evidence: Level IV—case series.
Acquisition of Colistin Resistance Links Cell Membrane Thickness Alteration with a Point Mutation in the lpxD Gene in Acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections in intensive care units. Its ability to acquire diverse mechanisms of resistance limits the therapeutic choices for its treatment. This especially concerns colistin, which has been reused recently as a last-resort drug against A. baumannii. Here, we explored the impact of gaining colistin resistance on the susceptibility of A. baumannii to other antibiotics and linked colistin resistance acquisition to a gene mutation in A. baumannii. The susceptibility of 95 A. baumannii isolates revealed that 89 isolates were multi-drug resistance (MDR), and nine isolates were resistant to colistin. Subsequently, three isolates, i.e., MS48, MS50, and MS64, exhibited different resistance patterns when colistin resistance was induced and gained resistance to almost all tested antibiotics. Upon TEM examination, morphological alterations were reported for all induced isolates and a colistin-resistant clinical isolate (MS34Col-R) compared to the parental sensitive strains. Finally, genetic alterations in PmrB and LpxACD were assessed, and a point mutation in LpxD was identified in the MS64Col-R and MS34Col-R mutants, corresponding to Lys117Glu substitution in the lipid-binding domain. Our findings shed light on the implications of using colistin in the treatment of A. baumannii, especially at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations concentrations, since cross-resistance to other classes of antibiotics may emerge, beside the rapid acquisition of resistance against colistin itself due to distinct genetic events.
A Study of Anxiety Disorders in Terms of Severity and Prevalence in Patients of Major Depressive Disorder in a Tertiary Care Centre

Background: Depression is a disorder of major public health importance. Over the last 50 years, large number of studies have been published from India addressing various aspects of depression. The objective of the current study was to study the socio-demographic characteristics and anxiety as co-morbidity in patients with major depressive disorder. Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted in tertiary care hospital in which 100 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder, according to ICD-10 were assessed for presence of anxiety disorder as psychiatric Comorbidity using MINI and severity of anxiety was assessed using HAM-A. Results: Current study showed major depressive disorder is more common among females 59%, married 79%, housewife 50%, 61% had first episode of depression and 27% had family history of major depressive disorder. There was 48% presence of any anxiety disorder among total major depressive disorder patients. Among which 25% had generalized anxiety disorder, 9% obsessive compulsive disorder, 5% panic disorder, 4% agoraphobia, 4% post traumatic stress disorder and 1% social anxiety disorder among total patients with major depressive disorder. The maximum number of patients 43% had mild to moderate level of anxiety, 32% had mild anxiety, 19% had moderate to severe anxiety and 6% had severe anxiety. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of anxiety disorders in major depressive disorder which is oftenly ignored because of symptom overlap between anxiety and major depression. This study is important because of increasing prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity among the patients of major depressive disorders lead to impaired functioning in patients with MDD. Therefore, monitoring of symptoms as well as functioning during the long-term management MDD could be crucial to achieve the functioning remission.
Gene effects for fruit yield and its component traits in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) using generation means

Generation mean analysis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was carried out during 2006–07 to study gene effects for fruit yield and its components in interacting and non-interacting crosses using 3-parameter model and 6-parameter model, respectively. For this purpose, six promising parents selected out of 17 genotypes were crossed in a half-diallel fashion to generate 15 F1s. Top five high-yielding F1s were advanced to F2s, B1s and B2s. The estimates of gene effects obtained through analysis of six generations revealed preponderance of both additive and dominance effects for fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter. Epistatic interactions were observed for earliness, number of fruits/plant and yield/plant. However, scaling test was non-significant for fruit weight and length in all the five crosses showing absence of epistasis in the control of these characters. Some crosses showed duplicate type of interaction while others showed complementary epistasis. For instance, for fruit yield/ plant, CRC 8 × Pusa Uday and CHC 2 × DC 1 showed complementary epistasis, which would increase the heterosis in positive direction. The magnitude and direction of the gene effects varied from cross to cross. Thus, characters such as fruit weight and fruit length which are governed by entirely additive components could be improved through individual selection while for days to first female flower opening, days to first fruit harvest, number of fruits/plant and fruit yield/plant showing predominant dominance gene effects and interaction effects, biparental mating and recurrent selection would exploit both additive and non-additive type of gene effects efficiently.
How to Reduce Excessive Use of the Health Care Service in Medical Aid Beneficiaries: Effectiveness of Community-Based Case Management

Community-based case management for medical aid beneficiaries was implemented in Korea to promote the rational use of medical care and stabilize the financial system. This study investigated the economic impact of community-based case management on reductions in healthcare utilization and costs. This was a program study using a national database to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based case management in changing not only healthcare utilization and costs but also client-centered outcomes using the NHI database and 198 regional databases. A total of 1741 case management clients were included in this study. The case management clients were categorized into three targeted groups and were provided individualized services according to the groups. Client-centered outcomes, such as health-related quality of life (QOL), self-care ability, and having a support system, increased after case management. Healthcare utilization and costs decreased significantly after case management. However, there was no significant difference in the decrease between the groups. An increase in healthcare utilization among medical aid beneficiaries has been observed due to the aging population and an increase in the number of recipients. To reduce healthcare utilization and costs while maintaining the health status of the beneficiaries, it is necessary to expand targeted case management.