Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The performances of undershot waterwheel with butterfly-shaped blades and the radius of grasshopper's elbow: The utilization efforts for river electrical energy potential

Based on the amount of discharge or current, the river flows in Central Kalimantan have the potential to produce electrical energy. The purposes of this study were to design an undershot type of floating waterwheel and to test the effective bending angle at the radius of the grasshopper elbow in producing the most optimum power. This research uses experimental methods. The tools used are: mobile phone, multimeter, the gate of light, timer counter, flow rate, and the dimensions of the waterwheel diameter is 6 meters. Grasshopper angles vary from 0°, 30°, 45°, 60o, and 90° with a submerged blade depth of 0.24 m. The results showed that the undershot waterwheel with a flexible pinwheel (like a grasshopper's elbow) produced a faster and more effective rotation than a wheel with a fixed pinwheel and blades. Because the waterwheel has a flexible pinwheel and the butterfly blades experience little resistance when moving in water, the wheel generates more electrical energy than a wheel with fixed pinwheels and blades.At the angle of bending of the radius of the grasshopper blade 30º with the butterfly blade, it produces more optimal electrical energy than angles 0°, 45°, 60o, and 90°. Suggestions for further research are to test the waterwheel in weak and medium current rivers
The Role of Disordered Regions in Orchestrating the Properties of Multidomain Proteins: The SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein and Its Interaction with Enoxaparin

Novel and efficient strategies need to be developed to interfere with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. One of the most promising pharmaceutical targets is the nucleocapsid protein (N), responsible for genomic RNA packaging. N is composed of two folded domains and three intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). The globular RNA binding domain (NTD) and the tethered IDRs are rich in positively charged residues. The study of the interaction of N with polyanions can thus help to elucidate one of the key driving forces responsible for its function, i.e., electrostatics. Heparin, one of the most negatively charged natural polyanions, has been used to contrast serious cases of COVID-19 infection, and we decided to study its interaction with N at the molecular level. We focused on the NTR construct, which comprises the NTD and two flanking IDRs, and on the NTD construct in isolation. We characterized this interaction using different nuclear magnetic resonance approaches and isothermal titration calorimetry. With these tools, we were able to identify an extended surface of NTD involved in the interaction. Moreover, we assessed the importance of the IDRs in increasing the affinity for heparin, highlighting how different tracts of these flexible regions modulate the interaction.
Structure‐function‐based approach to analyzing received signals for spaced antenna radars

This paper describes an alternative approach to analyzing multiple received signals for spaced antenna radars. The approach is based on computation and analysis of the different order auto and cross structure functions (SF) for the received signal's power. SF of order p ≥ 2 is the p‐th order statistical moment of the difference between signals. Equations for cross and auto SF at p = 2 and 4 are derived for a spaced antenna radar with a vertically directed transmitted beam. SF parameters in these equations are related to the mean horizontal velocity components and turbulence characteristics of a scattering medium. Theoretical limitations on applying the derived equations to a specific radar are presented. Advantages and shortcomings of the proposed approach with respect to the correlation function and spectra‐based approaches are discussed as well. The major advantage of the proposed approach is that SF of any order p ≥ 2 can be derived and applied to practical measurements; the higher‐order SF provide additional information about the scattering medium.
THE IMPACT OF TRANSPARENCY AND DISCLOSURE ON STOCK MARKET CAPITALIZATION THROUGH THE DIVIDEND YIELD EIDOLON

Purpose: The paper aims to access the impact of financial transparency and disclosure on stock market capitalization. The financial transparency and disclosure measure the extent to which the firms have open firm-specific information for the investors. More transparency leads to strong investor protection. Design/methodology: The study has been conducted on the Pakistan Stock Exchange from period 2008 to 2017. Descriptive Statistics, Correlation, and Regression Analysis have been used to find out the impact of the above-mentioned variables on the Stock market Capitalization. Findings: The results support our hypothesis that information disclosure and strength of investor protection has a positive significant impact on market capitalization. Research Limitation: While our study focuses on the significance of information disclosure and transparency, it does not measure the quality and accuracy of the information disclosed. Practical Implication: The results might be of interest to potential investors who will be able to diversify their investment in a way that minimizes risks based on the disclosure practices of the firms. Originality/value: The research contributes to the finance literature by finding out the impact of information disclosure on stock market capitalization in the Pakistan Stock Exchange on recent data.
Remotely-Sensed Derived Built-up Area as an Alternative Indicator in the Study of Thailand’s Regional Development

Nowadays measuring national and regional development primarily relies on demographic and socio-economic indicators. An indicator in physical dimension e.g., areas of human settlements and their economic uses of lands is usually ignored due to unavailability of data in countries like Thailand. Remotely-sensed derived built-up area was used, for the first time, as a physical indicator for studying Thailand’s regional development. Remote sensing - using the decision tree classifier with the combination indices of band ratios, NDVI, MNDWI, and NDBI - and GIS techniques were utilized to estimate the regional proportion of built-up area. The relationships between the percentage of the derived built-up area and the three development indicators - urbanization rate, Gross Regional Product, and Human Achievement Index - were analyzed. Resultantly, the estimate of the 2019 derived built-up area in Thailand was 2.46% with the average accuracy of 84.5%. Regional variation in development levels existed and relationships between the percentage of built-up area and the three development indicators for the regions were strong. However, there was no relationship after excluding the region having the effect of Bangkok. Therefore, remotely-sensed derived built-up area gives new information and is suggested for use for the analysis of Thailand’s regional development.
Seed Morphological and Anatomical Structures as Taxonomy Tool for Turkish Hyacinthella Schur (Asparagaceae) Taxa

This paper offers the first taxonomic assessment of the morphological and anatomical characters of the seeds of 11 Hyacinthella taxa from Turkey, ten of them are endemic, with the cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Macro-morphologically, all studied species can be differentiated from each other by the seed characters such as shape, size and surface ornamentation. The studied seeds are separated into 5 shapes; triangularis, circularis, ellipticus, ellipticus-late and ovatus. Seed size ranges from 1.51 mm to 3.06 mm in length and from 1.06 mm to 2.04 mm in width. Micro-morphologically, seed surface ornamentation is grouped into 7 types: rugose, reticulate-pusticulate, verrucate, tuberculate, ruminate, reticulate-foveate and alveolate. Anatomically, testa structures of the studied seeds are usually consisted of single layer, the epidermis, formed in the sclerenchymatous tissue. The epidermis layer demonstrates significant differences in cell form, comprising of crushed, flat or polygonal cells, in 1–7 layers, and has surged or straight wall form. The thickness of testa layers varies between 15.77 μm (in H. micrantha) and 49.76 μm (in H. campanulata). In the systematics of the genus Hyacinthella, the seed morphological and anatomical characters are very important characteristics that reveal inter-specific relationships among the studied species. Also, a dichotomous key is provided for the identification of the examined species based on seed characters.
A Search for Dark Matter Through Invisible Decays of the Higgs Boson With the Atlas Detector at the LHC

Diboson physics provides insight into a wide variety of processes that are produced copiously at the LHC. Of particular interest are events where leptons and neutrinos are produced, strong signatures of electroweak physics. The study of electroweak physics is essential to understanding the Standard Model and in searches for phenomena outside the Standard Model. The most sensitive channels that contributed to the discovery of the Higgs boson searched for decays to dibosons. This thesis will present four analyses that utilize charged leptons and neutrinos whose presence are inferred from the missing transverse momentum. Two measurements of Standard Model cross sections will be presented. The WW cross section is measured using 35 pb-1 of data collected in 2010 and is one of the earliest measurements of diboson processes at the LHC. The ZZ cross section is measured using 4.6 fb-1 of data collected in 2011. A search for the Higgs in the WW decay channel is presented also using 4.6 fb-1 of data collected in 2011. This analysis did not have the sensitivity to discover the Higgs boson, but when data were added in 2012 this channel contributed significantly to its discovery. Finally a search for anomalous invisible decays of the Higgs boson using 4.6 fb-1 of This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/769 data taken in 2011 and 13.1 fb-1 of data taken in 2012 will be presented. This search is sensitive to new physics that couples to the Higgs boson that would result in an increased rate of decays to invisible particles. One possible scenario is that dark matter couples to the Higgs boson. If the mass of the dark matter particle is less than half of the mass of the Higgs boson decays to dark matter increase its invisible branching fraction. Dark matter is a significant contribution to the makeup of the universe, but very little is known about it. This search provides additional limits on how dark matter can couple to the Standard Model. No excess of events is observed in this search and limits are placed on the allowed invisible branching fraction. These limits are interpreted in the context of simple Higgs portal models to place constraints on the allowed dark matter mass and interaction cross section. The results are compared with current limits on dark matter and place significant restrictions on the allowed dark matter mass and cross section within these models. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Physics & Astronomy First Advisor Elliot Lipeles This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/769
The Distribution Pattern of First-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Concentrations between the Blood and the Vertebral Focus of Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

Background: Anti-tuberculosis drug concentrations are critical for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis. The distribution pattern of anti-tuberculosis drugs between the blood and the vertebral focus needs to be further explored. Methods: A total of 31 spinal tuberculosis patients were prospectively included and then divided into a sclerotic group (15 cases) and a non-sclerotic group (16 cases) according to their preoperative CTs. All patients were treated with 2HERZ/6H2R2Z2 chemotherapy for 4 weeks before the operation. During the operation, blood, normal vertebral bone tissue, and vertebral focus tissue were obtained, processed, and sent to the pharmacology laboratory. The concentration values of four anti-tuberculosis drugs in each sample were obtained in a pharmacology laboratory. Results: There was no significant difference in the concentrations of the four anti-tuberculosis drugs in the blood and the normal vertebral bone tissue between the two groups; however, there was a significant difference in the vertebral focus tissue. There existed a linear correlation of four anti-tuberculosis drug concentrations between the blood and the focus in the non-sclerotic bone group. Conclusions: The existence of sclerotic bone hinders the anti-tuberculosis drug distribution. In the absence of sclerotic bone in the vertebral focus, there exists a linear relationship of the four anti-tuberculosis drug concentrations between the blood and the vertebral focus of spinal tuberculosis patients.
Shiga Toxin Subtypes, Serogroups, Phylogroups, RAPD Genotypic Diversity, and Select Virulence Markers of Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli Strains from Goats in Mid-Atlantic US

Understanding Shiga toxin subtypes in E. coli from reservoir hosts may give insight into their significance as human pathogens. The data also serve as an epidemiological tool for source tracking. We characterized Shiga toxin subtypes in 491 goat E. coli isolates (STEC) from the mid-Atlantic US region (stx1 = 278, stx2 = 213, and stx1/stx2 = 95). Their serogroups, phylogroups, M13RAPD genotypes, eae (intimin), and hly (hemolysin) genes were also evaluated. STEC-positive for stx1 harbored Stx1c (79%), stx1a (21%), and stx a/c (4%). Those positive for Stx2 harbored stx2a (55%) and Stx2b (32%), while stx2a/stx2d and stx2a/stx2b were each 2%. Among the 343 STEC that were serogrouped, 46% (n = 158) belonged to O8, 20% (n = 67) to 076, 12% (n = 42) to O91, 5% (n = 17) to O5, and 5% (n = 18) to O26. Less than 5% belonged to O78, O87, O146, and O103. The hly and eae genes were detected in 48% and 14% of STEC, respectively. Most belonged to phylogroup B1 (73%), followed by D (10%), E (8%), A (4%), B2 (4%), and F (1%). M13RAPD genotyping revealed clonality of 091, O5, O87, O103, and O78 but higher diversity in the O8, O76, and O26 serogroups. These results indicate goat STEC belonged to important non-O157 STEC serogroups, were genomically diverse, and harbored Shiga toxin subtypes associated with severe human disease.
A New Horizon? The Effect of a National Education Reform on Student Achievement and the Academic Environment

This study analyzes the effect of the New Horizon educational reform on student achievements and on the academic environment in schools. New Horizon is a broad-based national reform initiated by the Ministry of Education and gradually implemented in elementary and lower-secondary schools in Israel beginning in 2008. The main elements of the reform are an increase in the time teachers spend in school, additional small-group instruction time (individual hours), an increase in teachers’ and principals’ salaries and posing higher requirements and incentives for professional development. We use a difference-in-differences (DID) approach to evaluate the effects of the reform on a multitude of outcomes related to student achievements and to measures of school academic environment. We find that in the short run, about two years after it was first implemented, the New Horizon reform has increased student test scores, mainly in math and English. In addition, the reform has improved a number of the school-learning environment’s attributes. We also find that the reform has had no effect on school violence and on the general level of students’ satisfaction with school. Furthermore, we explore how specific components of the reform are related to our findings. ∗We thank the Israel’s Ministry of Education and the National Authority for Measurement and Evaluation in Education (RAMA) for allowing access to restricted data at the Ministry online protected research lab. Many thanks to Haim Gat, Sonia Perez, Orna Simhon, and Mira Lahak who provided much insight and information on the New Horizon reform. We thank Eliad Trefler and Ariela Knaani from the Ministry online protected research lab for their great assistance. We are grateful to Victor Lavy, Josh Angrist, and Analia Schlosser for helpful comments and suggestions. Shany acknowledges financial support from the Council of Higher Education of Israel and the Department of Economics of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Corresponding author: Adi Shany: adi.shani@mail.huji. ac.il
Prompt-based Re-ranking Language Model for ASR

In Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR), the language model re-ranking based on unlabeled text can improve the performance and realize flexibly scene adaptation. The scheme of ASR re-ranking is usually to build a language model and then use it to reorder the speech recognition N-best hypotheses. Recently, BERT-based re-ranking has achieved impressive results, benefiting from the powerful modeling capability of contextual semantic. In the view of that BERT’s non-autoregressive structure limits the calculation speed of the language model scores(perplexity, ppl), we use a classification method in prompt paradigm instead of the re-ranking method based on ppl. The prompt-based re-ranking scheme simplifies the pipeline of re-ranking as well as ensures the performance. Experiments on AISHELL-1 dataset show the effective of our proposed method. On the test set, the inference speed is accelerated by 49 times and compared to baseline the Character Error Rate(CER) is relatively decreased by 13 . 51% ∼ 14 . 43% .
The Fiscal Politics of Immigration: Expert Information and Concerns over Fiscal Drain

ABSTRACT Recent studies find that fiscal concerns strongly condition public attitudes toward immigration. To what extent do expert cues affect these worries? Original survey experiments in Japan reveal that citizens are more easily swayed by experts warning against negative fiscal effects of immigration than they are by suggestions of possible positive economic or cultural impacts. This strong responsiveness to negative information is shared across the population, including the more educated who may be pro-immigrant, richer respondents who are less likely to depend on the government for their livelihoods, and younger respondents who may worry less about possible cuts in benefits. A follow-up survey four years after the initial survey confirms the reliability of our findings and also suggests some macro-level variables that condition how expert cues work.
Blinded by the bright: How species‐poor habitats contribute to regional biodiversity across a tropical seascape

Conservation efforts have traditionally addressed the threat of biodiversity loss by prioritizing regions and habitats with high endemic species richness. However, species‐poor habitats often harbour distinct, valuable and/or functionally unique species that contribute to regional diversity. In the tropical marine realm, the ‘mangrove‐seagrass‐coral reef continuum’ has dominated both the scientific literature and marine spatial planning. Bare sediment habitats are also part of this continuum and often comprise the majority of bottom area, as they do in most regions worldwide, but are understudied and rarely considered in conservation. To address this information gap, we partition the relative contributions of five habitats in the coastal mosaic (forereefs, patch reefs, seagrass, mangroves and bare sand) to fish diversity across a tropical seascape.
A new upper bound for the capacity of free space optical intensity channel by using a simple mathematical inequality

Farid-Hranilovic (FH), in an interesting way, found a capacity-achieving discrete input distribution for free space optical (FSO) channel by numerically maximizing the input-parameter (β) dependent mutual information between channel input and the scaled output. In this paper, first, by using a simple mathematical inequality, we find an upper bound for FH input-scaled output mutual information and then maximize the obtained upper bound to reach to a third order equation for the optimum β as β. Our equation (i) determines β exactly in contrary to the FH work where β is found numerically through an exhaustive search and also, (ii) is consistent with the estimated equation for β in the FH work. Our upper bound is shown to be tighter than the proposed upper bound in the FH work that is found through sphere packing argument at very high SNRs. Using numerical illustrations at different SNRs, we compare our βs, mass point spacing as l*, and upper bound with previous works.
Understanding the Enabling and Constraining Factors in Using the Virtual Lab: Teaching Science in Rural Schools in South Africa

It is commonly accepted that learners gain better understanding of science concepts when they perform ‘hands-on' experiments in the lab. However, the lack of lab infrastructure, particularly in most rural schools, negatively affects the teaching of science. With the increasing potential of ICT to education, virtual laboratories (VL) have emerged as an alternative to the real laboratories. Like any ICT educational tool, it is important to understand the enabling and constraining factors in teaching with the VL. Therefore, this study presents the enabling and constraining factors in using the VL from teachers' perspectives. Particularly, this study is guided by the research question: What are the enabling and constraining factors in using the virtual lab to mediate learning of science through scientific experiments? Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and lesson observations. The results reveal that the Virtual Lab has several enabling factors and also revealed some constraining factors. Nevertheless, findings suggest the VL is a suitable alternative to the real lab.
Poisson cohomology and quantization.

Let R be a commutative ring, and let A be a Poisson algebra over R. We construct an (R,A)-Lie algebra structure, in the sense of Rinehart, on the A-module of K\"ahler differentials of A depending naturally on A and the Poisson bracket. This gives rise to suitable algebraic notions of Poisson homology and cohomology for an arbitrary Poisson algebra. A geometric version thereof includes the canonical homology and Poisson cohomology of a Poisson manifold introduced by Brylinski, Koszul, and Lichnerowicz, and absorbes the latter in standard homological algebra by expressing them as Tor and Ext groups, respectively, over a suitable algebra of differential operators. Furthermore, the Poisson structure determines a closed 2-form in the complex computing Poisson cohomology. This 2-form generalizes the 2-form defining a symplectic structure on a smooth manifold; moreover, the class of that 2-form in Poisson cohomology generalizes the class in de Rham cohomology of a symplectic structure on a smooth manifold and appears as a crucial ingredient for the construction of suitable linear representations of A, viewed as a Lie algebra; representations of this kind occur in quantum theory. To describe this class and to construct the representations, we relate formal concepts of connection and curvature generalizing the classical ones with extensions of Lie algebras. We illustrate our results with a number of examples of Poisson algebras and with a quantization procedure for a relativistic particle with zero rest mass and spin zero.
Values of centenarian family firms as a source of longevity

Being in business over a century, Centenarian family firms (CFF) have demonstrated that they adapt to a changing competitive market environment and successfully established longevity, including an efficient succession routine and dynamic capabilities. While family firms are considered to possess a strong set of values (Lumpkin & Brigham, 2011), it has not been observed, which value sets are vital for longevity. Through the close connection between the individual values of family members and the business itself, values influence the behaviour of CFF (Astrachan et al., 2002; Dyer, 2003; Gersick et al., 1997). Conducting nine qualitative interviews, we identify that CFF balance values for change, which leads to innovation, and values for conserving the status quo of the firm in an equilibrium.