Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WHEAT FARMERS IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA

This study was carried out to analyzed the socio-economic and institutional characteristics of wheat farmers in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 503 wheat farmers (352 men and 151 women) from the study area. Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaire and analyzed; using descriptive and inferential statistics (Tobit regression). The result revealed that majority (70%) of the respondents were male and 30% were female. About 56.0% male and 49.0% women respondents were within the age bracket of 30-39 years and 20-29 years respectively. It was revealed that 91.5% male and 95.4% female respondents were married. Furthermore, 58.3% of the female respondents had primary level of education. Meanwhile, 55.4% male and 56.3% female respondents had a household size between 6-10 persons and 1-5 persons respectively. Majority (64.2%) of the female respondents had a farm size between 0.5-1.0 hectares. About 54.8% male and 67.5% female respondents had 6-10 years and 1-5 years of farming experience. Furthermore, 68.5% of the male respondents had access to extension from Jigawa Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (JARDA) while, 51.7% women had no contact. On the other hand, 32.4% of male had extension contact twice a year while 32.5% female had contacted once a year. The result further revealed that 64.9% female respondents practice mixed cropping. 52,0% male practice bed drill method of sowing. The result further shows that majority (63.3% males and 67.5% female) respondents use the LCRIWHIT-4 (Atilla-Gan-Atilla) variety of wheat, 53.0% of female respondents applied organic manure to their farmland and 72.2% of the female respondents used machine in processing the wheat grains. Majority (68%) female respondents used wheat to prepare traditional dishes. The result further shows that 61.6% of the female respondents believed that high quality wheat variety is rewarded by substantial price premium. Tobit regression estimate of the extent of participation in wheat farming had a chi-square of 54.43 and significant at P≤0.01 level and Log likelihood of 364. Men and women participated in wheat farming, except that, on average male respondents had better access to land, inputs and extension services than the female wheat farmers. Policy makers should ensure that farmers receive the latest information on wheat agronomy through regular trainings.
Comparative Study of Placebo Versus Metronidazole as a Role of Pain Relief Post Hemorrhoidectomy

Objective: To assess the role of metronidazole versus placebo in terms of pain relief post hemorrhoidectomy. Methodology: This randomized control trial was done at the general surgery department of PUMHS from January 2022 to July 2022. The study included adult patients of both genders, aged 18-60, who underwent surgeries for grade III and grade IV hemorrhoids. The participants were divided into two groups: a control group and an intervention group that received oral metronidazole for seven days postoperatively. Both groups received a standardized post-operative analgesic treatment. Post-operative pain and its severity were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data were collected using a study proforma, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Results: A total of 60 cases of hemorrhoids were comparatively studied; mean age of the case group was 39.36+10.43 years and the mean age of the control group was 35.33+9.35 years (p=0.120). The mean BMI and average disease duration was statistically insignificant according to both groups (p > 0.05). In the cases group, grade III hemorrhoids were 36.7% and grade IV hemorrhoids were 63.3%, while in the control group, grade III hemorrhoids were 46.7% and grade IV hemorrhoids were 53.3% (p=0121). The mean operative time was almost similar in both groups (p=0.515). Average VAS was significantly decreased in the case group after 2 hours, at 24 hours, at 36 hours, and at 48 hours (p=<0.05), while it was statistically insignificant according to both groups at the 7th post-operative day (p=0.091). Conclusion: The use of oral or topical metronidazole in the post-operative period concludes to be more effective in terms of clinically significant early pain relief.
Mechanical Behavior of Hybrid Laminated Nano Composite Containing Equal Numbers of Glass and Carbon Fiber Plies

Hybrid fiber reinforced polymer with nanofiller composite was introduced into a lot of industries due to its extreme mechanical properties in comparison with non-hybrid material. In this investigation, cross and quasi-fiber laminated epoxy composites with and without nano Al2O3 were fabricated using Vacuum Assisted Resine Infusion Method and Ultrasonic Dual Mixing Method. In general, the results of mechanical properties indicated that the addition of 2% nano Al2O3 enhances the tensile and flexural properties. Cross number 2 with nano Al2O3 laminate had the maximum tensile strength 628 MPa and maximum tensile strain of 1.74%, while cross number 1 with nano Al2O3 laminate had the maximum tensile modulus of 37.756 GPa in the cross group. In the quasi group, quasi number 2 with nano Al2O3 had the maximum tensile strength, maximum tensile strain, and maximum tensile modulus, equal to 294 MPa, 1.98%, and 16.409 GPa, respectively. Regarding the flexural properties, cross number 1 with nano Al2O3 laminate had a maximum flexural strength of 708.2 MPa and maximum flexural strain of 2.027%, while cross number 2 with nano Al2O3 laminate had a maximum flexural modulus of 38.73 GPa in the cross group. On the other hand, quasi number 1 with nano Al2O3 laminate had the maximum flexural strength, maximum flexural strain, and maximum flexural modulus equal to 596 MPa, 2.424%, and 29.2 GPa, respectively in the quasi group. The internal structures of the failure laminated composites through scanning electronic microscopy confirm that the adhesion between fibers and matrix is good.
UTILISING SPECTROSCOPY AND OPTICAL MICROSCOPY TO CHARACTERIZE TITANIUM DIOXIDE THIN FILMS †

This paper presents the surface electronic structure and morphological characteristics of the nano-crystalline titanium dioxide (nc TiO 2 ) films derived from the two different sol-gels. Using Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S), it was found that the particles of nc-TiO 2 produced from batch A have a surface band gap of ~3.3 eV while the particles of nc-TiO 2 produced from batch B have a surface band gap of ~2.6 eV. On other hand, the small particles have aggregated together to form larger particles ranging from ~120 nm to 150 nm in size and distributed randomly over the surface of the batch A nc-TiO 2 films. For batch B nc-TiO 2 films, the small particles have formed larger particles but with their size ranging from 200 nm to 225 nm. That is ascribed to differences between sol-gels used to prepare nc-TiO 2 films. As a result of that, the electric power of batch A nc-TiO 2 /P3HT solar cells is enhanced by more than 8 times in comparison with batch B solar cells.
ADOLESCENT’S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE RISK OF EARLY MARRIAGE RELATED TO ATTITUDE OF PREVENTING EARLY MARRIAGE IN KECAMATAN PARE KABUPATEN KEDIRI

Background : Early marriage is a marriage that occur at the age of 18 years old. In 2020, early marriage was 19.26%. The population of women aged 10 years old and over who have ever been married carried out their first marriage at the age of less than 17 years old. The purpose of this study is how the relationship between adolescent’s knowledge about the risk of early marriage and the attitude of efforts to prevent early marriage . Method: The research design method used cross sectional and the measuring instrument was a questionnaire. The independent variable was the knowledge of adolescents about the risk of early marriage while the dependent variable in this study was the attitude of efforts to prevent early marriage. The subjects were teenagers in Pare District, Kediri Regency, East Java Province who had a girlfriend or had been in a relationship. The research sample was 300 respondents and the sampling technique was snowball. Data analysis using Spearman correlation test. Result : The results showed that r = 0.237, sig (p) = 0.000, which means that there is a relationship between adolescent knowledge about the risk of early marriage and the attitude of efforts to prevent early marriage. Conclusion : There was a relationship between adolescent’s knowledge about the risk of early marriage and attitudes towards preventing early marriage.
Fine-scale turbulent bursts in stable atmospheric boundary layer in complex terrain

Turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is usually measured using sonic anemometers (sonics), but coarse spatial ( ${\sim}10$ cm) and temporal ( ${\sim}32$ Hz) resolutions of sonics preclude direct measurement of fine-scale parameters such as the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate $\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}$ . Instead, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}$ is estimated using techniques based on Kolmogorov theory. Fine-scale measurements of ABL turbulence down to Kolmogorov scale were made with a sonic and hot-film anemometer dyad (a ‘combo’ probe) during the field campaigns of the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) programme. The hot-film probe was located on a gimbal within the sonic probe volume, and was automated to rotate in the horizontal plane to align with the mean flow measured by sonic. This procedure not only helped satisfy the requirement of hot-film alignment with the mean flow, but also allowed in situ calibration of hot-film probes. This paper analyses a period of nocturnal flow that was similar to a stratified parallel shear flow. The combo-probe measurements showed an interesting phenomenon – the occurrence of strong bursts, characterized by short-term increase of velocity fluctuations and simultaneous increase of TKE dissipation rate by orders of magnitude. These bursts were indicative of unusual turbulence activity at finer ( ${\sim}0.1$ –0.4 m) scales that are not captured by sonics since the smallest scales resolved by the latter are greater than 0.6 m. With bursting present, the spectra exhibited bumps at scales intermediate to inertial and dissipation subranges, resembling a bottleneck phenomenon. Its manifestation, although unequivocally related to bursts, may not convincingly fit into the framework of previous bottleneck-effect theories that allude to either viscous effects or buoyancy effects modifying the local energy cascade via non-local effects. The origins of burst are yet to be identified. Stratified ABL with bursts exhibits non-Kolmogorov behaviour, and hence should be modelled with caution.
Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) genotype and the risk of viral infection after kidney transplantation

Introduction : Natural killer cells (NK) represent the first line of defense against infections and tumors by direct cytotoxicity but also modulating an existing immune response by secretion of soluble factors such as cytokines. The functions of NK cells are regulated through a complex repertoire of molecules expressed on their surface, receptors specific for HLA class I molecules. Material and methods : The study was performed on 80 kidney transplanted patients in 2009. Before transplantation, viral screening in both, donors and receptors, was performed using serological tests and posttransplant, quantitation of CMV-DNA in patients was done by molecular biology technique (Real-Time PCR). PCR methods were used, also, for HLA and KIR genotyping. Results: In the first three months posttransplant, the incidence of CMV infection in our study was 36.3% (29 patients). Viral load values were between 76 and 200,000 genome copies/ml but most of them were below 10,000 genome copies/ml. Among patients with “missing KIR ligands” only two (9.5%) was detected with CMV infection compared with the others patients where the percentage was much higher (45.8%). Conclusion : Analysis of the KIR and HLA genotyping in these patients suggested that absence of HLA ligands for KIR inhibitory receptors and a high number of KIR activating receptors could be associated with a significant reduction of CMV infection.
The Topography of Nations∗

How does the interplay of geography and political-economic forces affect the shape of nations? This paper presents a quantitative framework for characterizing the equilibrium evolution of national boundaries in a world with a rich geography. The framework delivers simple equilibrium conditions based on the efficient transportation of resources that arise from multiple disparate political economic micro-foundations. I characterize the existence, uniqueness, and efficiency of the equilibrium and provide a simple algorithm for its calculation. When combined with detailed spatial geography data from Europe, the equilibrium conditions well approximate observed borders, and the framework is able to successfully predict the evolution of national boundaries and resulting conflict across Europe over the past millennia. Finally, I apply the framework to ask how the changing spatial distribution of resources arising from climate change may alter European borders in the future, finding that the Crimean peninsula and surrounding area are especially susceptible. ∗Email: treb.allen@dartmouth.edu. I thank Costas Arkolakis, Sam Bazzi, Dave Donaldson, Mark Koyoma, Hannes Malmberg, Ezra Oberfield, Steve Redding, Enrico Spolaore, Jonathan Vogel, and seminar participants at Princeton University, Syracuse University, the Austrian Institute of Economic Research (Wifo), the University of California – San Diego, the University of British Columbia, Tufts University, Boston College, the University of California – Los Angeles, the University of Michigan, and the Minneapolis Federal Reserve for helpful comments and suggestions. Saptarshi Majumdar provided excellent research assistance. All errors are my own.
Magneto-thermo hydrodynamic peristaltic flow of Eyring-Powell nanofluid in asymmetric channel

Abstract This research is devoted to the peristaltic flow of Eyring-Powell nanofluid in an asymmetric channel. Robins-type (convective) boundary conditions are employed in the presence of mixed convection and magnetic field. The basic equations of Eyring-Powell nanofluid are modeled in wave frame of reference. Long wavelength and low Reynolds number approach is utilized. Numerical solution of the governing problem is computed and analyzed. The effects of various parameters of interest on the velocity, pressure rise, concentration and temperature are discussed and illustrated graphically. Brownian motion parameter and thermophoresis parameter facilitates the increase in temperature of fluid. Biot numbers serve to reduce the temperature at channel walls.
Does the presence of inner areas matter for the registration of new Geographical Indications? Evidence from Italy

Remote areas have been progressively obtained greater attention. Since 2014, the Italian National Strategy for Inner Areas has tackled remote areas with the aim of promoting local development. A tool to foster economic development in these areas is valorisation of those high-quality agri-food products that are characterised by unique features, through the use of geographical indications. This study addresses this topic, by considering the geographical indications registered in Italy since 2014. The study considers municipality-level (LAU2) data, taking the number of geographical indications that each municipality is eligible to produce as a dependent variable. Hurdle models are used to assess the effect of inner areas and other covariates (i.e
Investigating the transitional state between circular plates and shallow spherical shells

The stiffness of circular plates can be increased by inducing a rise at the center of these plates; this rise converts the circular plates from two-dimensional stiffness elements into three-dimensional stiffness elements. This slight change in the geometry shifts the state of stresses from mainly bending stresses to tensilecompressive stresses. The rise at the center of a circular plate is increased gradually to the point where a shell element is formed. This paper focuses on this particular transition between the plate elements to the shell element which is called the transitional rise. Several finite element models were used to identify the transitional rise given fixed parameters. Stresses and deflections are also studied for each case. An optimized approach was used to minimize the cost and improve the serviceability of the structural elements. In this present study, numerous analyses were conducted using the finite element methodology on shell model. Finite element mesh was established for each different rise value starting from zero (plate). The rise is increased gradually to the point where shell stiffness becomes insensitive to the increase in the rise. An empirical relationship was established between the transition state of the plate/shell elements and relevant geometrical parameters. Parametric study is also conducted using several loading cases.
Communities of practice in tourism SMES of the department of Caldas – Colombia

— Within the framework of knowledge management, it is necessary to develop intellectual capital, for which variables such as communities of practice must be considered, given their importance for the development of organizations. The research results presented in this article are intended to establish the state of development of communities of practice related to intellectual capital in SMEs in the tourism sector of the Department of Caldas, Colombia, for which it was used a descriptive and correlational analysis with an evaluation model adapted to specific communities, it was possible to evaluate 87% of the SMEs. The main findings show the consolidation of communities of practice of SMEs operators in the tourism sector in the department of Caldas, and highlight the leadership and teamwork of these.
Sufficient embedding conditions for three-state discrete-time Markov chains with real eigenvalues

Abstract Within the set of discrete-time Markov chains, a Markov chain is embeddable in case its transition matrix has at least one root that is a stochastic matrix. The present paper examines the embedding problem for discrete-time Markov chains with three states and with real eigenvalues. Sufficient embedding conditions are proved for diagonalizable transition matrices as well as for non-diagonalizable transition matrices and for all possible configurations regarding the sign of the eigenvalues. The embedding conditions are formulated in terms of the projections and the spectral decomposition of the transition matrix.
Corporate governance and earnings management in brazilian financial institutions

Purpose: This study aimed to verify how corporate governance measures relate to earnings management in Brazilian publicly traded financial institutions. Design/methodology/approach: To carry out the research, 20 financial institutions listed on B3 were analyzed, with annual data from 2010 to 2019 obtained from the websites of the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM) and the IF.Data of the Central Bank of Brazil (Bacen). To obtain the results, regression models were estimated for each attribute of corporate governance in comparison with the selected earnings management measure. Findings: The results point to several associations of corporate governance attributes with earnings management measures. That is, corporate governance attributes reduce/increase earnings management in financial entities. Research limitations/implications: The findings of this study aim to assist company managers in improving their corporate governance policies to reduce accounting choices related to accounting management. Originality/value: The study proves to be original by the use of a broad panorama referring to corporate governance measures. Generally, studies that analyze the effects of governance on earnings management use few measures for this attribute. The study also advances by specifically analyzing financial institutions, generally excluded from studies on information quality due to their particularities.
GREEN SERVICE QUALITY AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION FOR MALAYSIA AIRLINE COMPANIES

: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework of airlines customer’s evaluation of green service quality toward customer’s satisfaction provided by Malaysia Airline Companies. Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper reviews the conceptual and empirical literature to develop a model of the various aspects of the service quality – customer satisfaction relationship encompassed by the concept of ‘ airline customer satisfaction ’ and to assess the advantages and disadvantages of alternative methods of measurement. Six conceptual dimensions are identified: (1) Airline tangibles (2) Terminal tangibles (3) Personnel (4) Empathy (5) Image (6) Green Airport (7) Customer Satisfaction Findings: Integration of these dimensions into a conceptual framework that describes the relationships among the components and how they collectively result in green service quality and customer satisfaction. We also elucidate future research directions for management scholars Research Limitation/Implication: The research examines the relationship between green service quality dimension and customer satisfaction in airline industry. This study focuses on the evaluation of all airline service user regarding airline service quality. The main limitation of this study is that it focusses to customer satisfaction on all Airlines Companies: thus, the result cannot be generalized. Practical Implications: The framework proposed can be applied to future research on green service quality and customer satisfaction. This study will lead to passenger’s satisfaction and encourage the development of long-term relationships with their customers
OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES Effect of Aminoguanidine on Methotrexate-Induced Lung Toxicity in Male Wistar Rats

The present work was designed to investigate the effect of aminoguanidine (AMG) on methotrexate (MTX)- induced lung toxicity in rats. Forty adult male rats weighing 200–220 gm divided into four groups, 10 each were used in the study. The control group received normal saline. AMG-treated group: rats received 50 mg/kg/day AMG. Whereas the MTX-treated group: rats received 0.5 mg/kg MTX twice weekly, and AMG+MTX-treated group: rats were co-administered AMG and MTX at the same doses as in the previous groups. All groups received their treatment via the IP route. Additionally, the experiment duration was 4 weeks. MTX administration revealed a significant decrease in SOD, CAT, GSH, Nrf2, and Bcl-2 accompanied by a significant increase in MDA, NO, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB, caspase-3, and Bax compared to the control group. Moreover, there were histological abnormalities in the lung tissue. However, the AMG+MTX-treated group produced a significant increase in SOD, CAT, GSH, Nrf2, and Bcl-2, and a significant decrease in MDA, NO, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κB, caspase-3, and Bax compared to the MTX-treated group. Besides, the histological results strongly supported our biochemical findings. The present study demonstrated the protective effect of AMG against MTX-induced lung toxicity in rats through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic actions