Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conserved and Diverse Transcriptional Reprogramming Triggered by the Establishment of Symbioses in Tomato Roots Forming Arum-Type and Paris-Type Arbuscular Mycorrhizae

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi allocate mineral nutrients to their host plants, and the hosts supply carbohydrates and lipids to the fungal symbionts in return. The morphotypes of intraradical hyphae are primarily determined on the plant side into Arum- and Paris-type AMs. As an exception, Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) forms both types of AMs depending on the fungal species. Previously, we have shown the existence of diverse regulatory mechanisms in Arum- and Paris-type AM symbioses in response to gibberellin (GA) among different host species. However, due to the design of the study, it remained possible that the use of different plant species influenced the results. Here, we used tomato plants to compare the transcriptional responses during Arum- and Paris-type AM symbioses in a single plant species. The tomato plants inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis or Gigaspora margarita exhibited Arum- and Paris-type AMs, respectively, and demonstrated similar colonization rates and shoot biomass. Comparative transcriptomics showed shared expression patterns of AM-related genes in tomato roots upon each fungal infection. On the contrary, the defense response and GA biosynthetic process was transcriptionally upregulated during Paris-type AM symbiosis. Thus, both shared and different transcriptional reprogramming function in establishing Arum- and Paris-type AM symbioses in tomato plants.
Farmers’ Knowledge and Perception on Beans Postharvest Constraints and Their Mitigation Methods in the Humid Rainforest and Highland Ecozones of Cameroon

Aims: This study sought to assess farmers’ awareness and knowledge about bean postharvest constraints and their indigenous methods to mitigate them. Cameroon. Study Design: Random interviewing of bean farmers. Place and Duration of study: Interviewed farmers of the highland savanna and humid rainforest ecological zones which are two agro-ecological zones of Cameroon respectively from January 2017 to October 2018. Methodology: A structured questionnaire was randomly distributed to 519 bean farmers in order to document their perceptions on various constraints hampering beans postharvest handling/storage and their indigenous methods of mitigating these constraints. Of these, 356 were from the highland savanna and 163 from the humid rainforest ecozones Results: Most postharvest losses in beans are caused by insects and mold/rot. Insect pests were reported by 251 (69.5%) of farmers in the highland savanna and 134 (84.8%) in the humid rain forest, while mold/rot was reported by 108 (29.9%) of the farmers in the highland savanna and 11 (6.9%) in the humid rainforest. Farmers in both agro-ecological zones lacked adequate storage facilities, as reported by 147 (40.7%) in the highland savanna and 43% (275) in the humid rainforest. Most farmers in the highland savanna 118 (39.20%) and humid rainforest 67 (43.22%) stored bean grains for 1-3 months, though farmers in the highland savanna generally stored beans longer than those in the humid rainforest. The insect infestations were controlled mainly by using conventional pesticides and local plant materials while mold was mainly managed by proper drying of the produce. Conclusions: To mitigate these constraints, an integrated approach of storing appropriately dried insect-free grains in moisture proof storage containers/facilities and judicious use of synthetic pesticides and/or proven effective botanicals should be adopted. Thus, farmers should be trained on good bean preservation methods and effective plant-based products.
Prewar Public Discourse: Letters to Politika, Belgrade, 1988–1991

Abstract We studied prewar public discourse by analysing the origin, content and sentiment of more than 4,000 letters written by people from all walks of life and published in the Belgrade broadsheet Politika loyal to the regime of Slobodan Milošević during the three years directly preceding the Yugoslav wars. Our analysis combined lexicon-based tools of automated topic and sentiment analysis with data on the sociodemographic characteristics of the letter writers and their localities. The results of our analysis show the importance of the politicisation of a history of violence in shaping public discourse in the run-up to war.
The impact of 5G multi‐access edge computing cooperation announcement on the telecom operators' firm value

Since multi‐access edge computing (MEC) was established as a key enabler of 5G, MEC based on 5G networks (5G MEC) has been perceived as a new business opportunity for many industry players, including telecom operators. Numerous 5G MEC cooperation announcements among companies playing their respective roles in the MEC ecosystem have been recently released. However, because of cooperative and competitive relationships among key players in the MEC ecosystem and the uncertainty of 5G MEC, the announcement of 5G MEC cooperation can negatively affect the telecom operators' firm value. This study investigates the market reaction to announcements of 5G MEC cooperation for telecom operators using an event study methodology. The empirical results show that announcements of 5G MEC cooperation have a negative impact on the telecom operators' firm value. The results also show that the early deployment of 5G networks may reduce the negative impact of 5G MEC cooperation announcements by reducing uncertainty.
Depth-to-water maps as predictors of rut severity in fully mechanized harvesting operations

ABSTRACT The preservation of the functionality of forest soil is a key aspect in planning mechanized harvesting operations. Therefore, knowledge and information about stand and soil characteristics are vital to the planning process. In this respect, depth-to-water (DTW) maps were reviewed with regard to their potential use as a prediction tool for wheel ruts. To test the applicability of open source DTW maps for prediction of rutting, the ground surface conditions of 20 clear-cut sites were recorded post harvesting, using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In total, 80 km of machine tracks were categorized by the severity of occurring rut-formations to investigate whether: i) operators intuitively avoid areas with low DTW values, ii) a correlation exists between decreasing DTW values and increasing rut severity, and iii) DTW maps can serve as reliable decision-making tool in minimizing the environmental effects of big machinery deployment. While the machine operators did not have access to these predictions (DTW maps) during the operations, there was no visual evidence that driving through these areas was actively avoided, resulting in a higher density of severe rutting within areas with DTW values <1 m. A logistic regression analysis confirmed that the probability of severe rutting rapidly increases with decreasing DTW values. However, significant differences between sites exist which might be attributed to a series of other factors such as soil type, weather conditions, number of passes and load capacity. Monitoring these factors is hence highly recommended in any further follow-up studies on soil trafficability.
Fear of clowns: An investigation into the prevalence of coulrophobia in an international sample

Abstract Although clowns have traditionally been portrayed as figures of fun in popular culture, more recent representations have been of fear-inducing characters such as “Pennywise” from the book and movie “IT”. However, it is not known whether these representations reflect fear of clowns within the general population, and there is a lack of data on the extent of this phenomenon. This study investigated the prevalence of clown fear in an international population, and the severity of this fear in those who reported it. The Fear of Clowns Questionnaire (FCQ), was designed for this purpose. Psychometric data indicated high levels of reliability for our new scale, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.980, and a split-half reliability coefficient of 0.973. Demographic factors associated with clown fear were also explored; gender, age and country of birth. An opportunist sample of 987 participants were surveyed, consisting of 790 females and 197 males, aged between 18 and 77 years (M = 29.79; SD = 11.08). Of these, 272 (27.6%) reported a fear of clowns, whilst 50 (5.1%) rated this fear as extreme. A higher prevalence of clown fear was found for females compared to males (29.6 vs. 19.3%) and with a higher severity according to the FCQ. Age was negatively correlated with clown fear, and participants from the Asian continent exhibited the highest frequency of clown fear. We conclude that fear of clowns is common in the general population, although extreme fear has a similar incidence to that of other specific phobias.
A Bout of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) in Children and Adolescents during Acute Cancer Treatment—A Pilot Feasibility Study

Simple Summary Exercise can counteract some of the adverse effects of cancer and its treatment. Epidemiological and mechanistic data suggest that exercise can influence cancer hallmarks, survival, and recurrence. Our pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of a single bout of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in childhood cancer patients. The predefined feasibility criteria included recruitment rate, acceptability, practicability, and data acquisition. Very strict inclusion criteria and surveillance guaranteed safety, and no severe adverse events occurred. Our HIIT protocol is applicable only in a small number of childhood cancer patients. Blood lactate concentrations and heart rates significantly increased after HIIT, indicating that the patients achieved the targeted high exercise intensity. In conclusion, our preliminary data suggest that HIIT is safe and feasible in a small number of childhood cancer patients who do not suffer from severe side effects of treatment. Additional exercise protocols should be developed for patients with pronounced cancer-related impairments and health restrictions. Abstract Low- and moderate-intensity exercise is safe and feasible during childhood cancer treatment. The feasibility of a bout of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in this population has not been analyzed to date. Pediatric cancer patients aged between 6 and 18 years were selected based on clinical conditions to perform ten sets of 15 s HIIT (>90% of estimated maximal heart rate (HRmax)) and 1 min active recovery on a bicycle ergometer within the first three chemotherapy courses. We assessed safety and feasibility criteria and the following parameters: perceived exertion rate, heart rate, and lactate and adrenaline concentrations. Out of 212 eligible patients, 11 patients aged 13.9 ± 3.6 years (n = 7 ♂) with lymphoma, leukemia, rhabdomyosarcoma, nephroblastoma, and synovial sarcoma completed the bout of HIIT without serious adverse events. During exercise, patients reached a BORG value maxima of 16 ± 1.2, and their heart rates rose from 78 ± 17 beats per minute (bpm) at rest to 178 ± 12 bpm after exercise (90 ± 6% estimated HRmax). The power-to-weight ratio was 2 ± 0.5 W/kg (watt per kilogram). Blood lactate concentrations increased from 1.09 ± 0.50 mmol/L (millimole per liter) at rest to 5.05 ± 1.88 mmol/L post-exercise. Our preliminary data suggest that HIIT is applicable only in a small number of childhood cancer patients. Individually adapted exercise protocols for patients with multiple impairments are needed.
Seasonal Prediction of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation

The ability to forecast the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) was examined using Version 2 of NASA's Global Earth Observing System Subseasonal‐to‐Seasonal (GEOS‐S2S) forecasting system. The vertical and time structure of the QBO was characterized by the principal components of the first two empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). A set of 9‐month retrospective forecasts was initialized four times each month between 1981 and early 2019. Validation of 1–9 months forecasts from GEOS‐S2S showed that the S2S retrospective QBO forecasts improved skill in predicting the QBO EOF‐based amplitude and phase over a simple QBO phase propagation model at forecast lead times of 1–3 months. Results from an initial assessment of whether more accurate QBO forecasts can improve Northern Hemisphere winter sea level pressure forecasts showed no significant forecast improvement at a 1‐month lead time, indicating the need for improved stratosphere‐troposphere QBO coupling metrics, pathway identification, and QBO modeling. Overall, these results suggest that future improvements in representing the QBO in global models can increase the skill of 1–3 months QBO forecasts and potentially extend useful QBO forecasts beyond 3 months.
Financial statement comparability and stock liquidity: evidence from China

ABSTRACT This study examines the effect of financial statement comparability on stock liquidity. Drawing from information asymmetry arguments, we posit that greater comparability increases financial transparency, which improves the information environment and increases stock liquidity. Our results show a positive relationship between comparability and stock liquidity. However, the effect of comparability on stock liquidity is only significant for non state-owned enterprises. Additionally, institutional ownership strengthens the impact of comparability on stock liquidity. Our findings suggest a more pronounced comparability effect on stock liquidity for firms with greater information opacity. Overall, our study indicates that higher comparability decreases information asymmetry and facilitates investors’ decision-making.
Expression Profile and Biological Role of Immune Checkpoints in Disease Progression of HIV/SIV Infection

During HIV/SIV infection, the upregulation of immune checkpoint (IC) markers, programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3), CD160, 2B4 (CD244), and V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), can lead to chronic T cell exhaustion. These ICs play predominant roles in regulating the progression of HIV/SIV infection by mediating T cell responses as well as enriching latent viral reservoirs. It has been demonstrated that enhanced expression of ICs on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells could inhibit cell proliferation and cytokine production. Overexpression of ICs on CD4+ T cells could also format and prolong HIV/SIV persistence. IC blockers have shown promising clinical results in HIV therapy, implying that targeting ICs may optimize antiretroviral therapy in the context of HIV suppression. Here, we systematically review the expression profile, biological regulation, and therapeutic efficacy of targeted immune checkpoints in HIV/SIV infection.
Nutrient Intake with Early Progressive Enteral Feeding and Growth of Very Low-Birth-Weight Newborns

Early nutrition is one of the most modifiable factors influencing postnatal growth. Optimal nutrient intakes for very preterm infants remain unknown, and poor postnatal growth is common in this population. The aim of this study was to assess nutrient intake during the first 4 weeks of life with early progressive enteral feeding and its impact on the in-hospital growth of very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. In total, 120 infants with birth weights below 1500 g and gestational ages below 35 weeks were included in the study. Nutrient intakes were assessed daily for the first 28 days. Growth was measured weekly until discharge. Median time of parenteral nutrition support was 6 days. Target enteral nutrient and energy intake were reached at day 10 of life, and remained stable until day 28, with slowly declining protein intake. Median z-scores at discharge were −0.73, −0.49, and −0.31 for weight, length, and head circumference, respectively. Extrauterine growth restriction was observed in 30.3% of the whole cohort. Protein, carbohydrates, and energy intakes correlated positively with weight gain and head circumference growth. Early progressive enteral feeding with human milk is well tolerated in VLBW infants. Target enteral nutrient intake may be reached early and improve in-hospital growth.
Impact of Product Design on Purchase Decision of Laptop among College Level Students

Now-a-days, technology is changing with innovation and development to meet human needs and wants. It assists in communication and shares information with different categories of people and users. It has seen the usage of laptops is increasing these days. Moreover, caused by the quickly storing, shifting, and retrieving the information, consumers can use it to have pertinent information anytime, anywhere. The objective of this study is an impact of product design on purchase decision and to recognize the association between the gender and choice of product design with reference to laptop. The study has been adopted descriptive and causal research design. Primary data are main sources for the survey. The questionnaire survey was applied for collecting primary data. This study targeted the college level students as a sample unit. Two hundred respondents were selected from Kathmandu valley using a convenience sample. Mainly, independent t-test and regression have been adopted to analyze the data. It investigated that purchase decision was positively impacted by product design but gender has no impact on product design for choice of laptop.
Delivering Personalized Recommendations to Support Caregivers of People Living With Dementia: Mixed Methods Study

Background Estimates suggest that 6.2 million Americans aged ≥65 years are living with Alzheimer dementia in 2021, and by 2060, this number could more than double to 13.8 million. As a result, public health officials anticipate a greater need for caregivers of persons with Alzheimer disease or related dementia and support resources for both people living with dementia and their caregivers. Despite the growing need for dementia caregiver support services, there is a lack of consensus regarding how to tailor these services to best meet the heterogeneous needs of individual caregivers. To fill this gap, Care to Plan (CtP), a web-based tool for caregivers of people living with dementia, was developed to provide tailored support recommendations to dementia caregivers. Objective The aim of this study is to formally explore the feasibility, acceptability, and utility of CtP for 20 family members of people living with dementia within a health system over a 1-month time period using a mixed methods parallel convergent design. Methods A moderately sized health system in the mid-Atlantic region was selected as the site for CtP implementation, where 20 caregivers who were family members of people living with dementia were enrolled. The web-based CtP tool was used by caregivers and facilitated by a health care professional (ie, a senior care navigator [SCN]). Caregivers were given a 21-item review checklist to assess barriers and facilitators associated with reviewing CtP with an SCN. Following the 21-item review checklist, semistructured telephone interviews, which included 18 open-ended questions, focused on the facilitators of and barriers to CtP implementation and recommendations for future implementation. Results Quantitative results suggested that 85% (17/20) of caregivers indicated that CtP was helpful and 90% (18/20) would recommend CtP to someone in a similar situation. The qualitative analysis identified 4 themes regarding facilitators of and barriers to implementation: caregiver factors, SCN factors, CtP tool system factors, and recommendations and resources factors. Conclusions CtP was found to be not only feasible but also a valuable tool for caregivers seeking resources for themselves and their people living with dementia. Long-term evaluation findings aim to generate results on how CtP can be integrated into care plans for caregivers and how SCNs can provide additional support for caregivers of people living with dementia over an extended period.
The Mediating Role of Firm Strategy in the Relationship between Green Entrepreneurship, Green Innovation, and Competitive Advantage: The Case of Medium and Large-Sized Firms in Greece

The present research examines both the relationship between green innovation and green entrepreneurship and the mediating role of firm strategies in the relationship between green entrepreneurship, green innovation, and competitive advantage. A total of 225 managers responsible for the environmental strategy of medium and large-sized firms operating in Greece were used as a sample for the study. To measure the research variables, a structured questionnaire was used. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inductive statistics, including principal components analysis, correlation analysis, a multivariate generalized linear model, and a structural equations model. The empirical results indicate a positive influence of green entrepreneurship in green product innovation and green process innovation. Furthermore, the mediating role of firm strategies in the relationship between green entrepreneurship, green innovation, and competitive advantage is confirmed.
Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Electrocardiography Predicts Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Future Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis

Abstract BACKGROUND: The ejection fraction (EF) provides critical information about heart failure (HF) and its management. Electrocardiography (ECG) is a noninvasive screening tool for cardiac electrophysiological activities that has been used to detect patients with low EF based on a deep learning model (DLM) trained via large amounts of data. However, no studies have widely investigated its clinical impacts. OBJECTIVE: This study developed a DLM to estimate EF via ECG (ECG-EF). We further investigated the relationship between ECG-EF and echo-based EF (ECHO-EF) and explored their contributions to future cardiovascular adverse events. METHODS: There were 57,206 ECGs with corresponding echocardiograms used to train our DLM. We compared a series of training strategies and selected the best DLM. The architecture of the DLM was based on ECG12Net, developed previously. Next, 10,762 ECGs were used for validation, and another 20,629 ECGs were employed to conduct the accuracy test. The changes between ECG-EF and ECHO-EF were evaluated. The primary follow-up adverse events included future ECHO-EF changes and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). RESULTS: The sex-/age-matching strategy-trained DLM achieved the best area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9472 with a sensitivity of 86.9% and specificity of 89.6% in the follow-up cohort, with a correlation of 0.603 and a mean absolute error of 7.436. In patients with accurate prediction (initial difference < 10%), the change traces of ECG-EF and ECHO-EF were more consistent (R-square = 0.351) than in all patients (R-square = 0.115). Patients with lower ECG-EF (≤35%) exhibited a greater risk of cardiovascular (CV) complications, delayed ECHO-EF recovery, and earlier ECHO-EF deterioration than patients with normal ECG-EF (>50%). Importantly, ECG-EF demonstrated an independent impact on MACEs and all CV adverse outcomes, with better prediction of CV outcomes than ECHO-EF. CONCLUSIONS: The ECG-EF could be used to initially screen asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) and it could also independently contribute to the predictions of future CV adverse events. Although further large-scale studies are warranted, DLM-based ECG-EF could serve as a promising diagnostic supportive and management-guided tool for CV disease prediction and the care of patients with LVD.