Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ideologically motivated mass shootings: a crime script analysis of far-right, far-left, and jihadist-inspired attacks in the United States

ABSTRACT This study uses a crime script analysis to examine far-right, far-left, and jihadist-inspired ideologically motivated mass shooters (IMMS) in the US (1970-2019). This work provides a comparison of incident rates and shooter backgrounds, as well as the preparation, execution, and conclusion of attacks. When comparing the three IMMS types, findings indicate far-right incidents were most common, far-left shooters were largely Black Nationalists, and jihadist-inspired shooters had more success in life (college graduates, employed, married, parents). During initial preparation, IMMS often leaked violent intentions and had facilitating conditions including criminal, domestic violence, and military histories. Jihadist-inspired shooters had more planning, and far-left shooters often accessed guns illegally. During attack execution, IMMS incidents often occurred in the South and involved open-space and/or unrestricted access locations. Jihadist-inspired shooters targeted government locations more often, while far-left incidents often occurred outside with law enforcement on the scene. During attack conclusion, IMMS incidents often ended quickly and involved gunfire with police. Jihadist-inspired shooters had a higher rate of victim casualties, and far-left shooters had a higher rate of police casualties. Far-right shooters had a higher number of victim and police casualties overall. A discussion of findings contextualises IMMS threats and explores strategies for countering the phenomenon.
Resource capabilities and sustainable export performance: An application of m-TISM for Indian manufacturing MSMEs

Abstract MSMEs are considered to be the backbone of India's current and future economic progress. These institutions are geared to support and encourage the development of new-generation entrepreneurs in India who have the potential to create global competitive businesses. However, achieving the right resource balance is critical for these firms. As a result, a set of 14 relevant factors from the resource-based view (RBV) model were discovered and ranked using modified total interpretive structural modeling in order to reflect their impact on MSMEs' export performance. Together with the MICMAC methodology, this method establishes a hierarchical relationship between the factors. Our findings, which back up earlier studies, confirm the impact of these 14 essential components on RBV modeling adoption on MSMEs' export success. The components covered in the analysis have emerged as linkage elements, establishing a strong basis for MSMEs to internationalize competitively and become resilient in their approach by developing a deep strategic connection among themselves. Strategic direction, upper echelon orientation, financial capacity, and the external environment all have a significant impact on MSMEs' export performance. Finally, the implications for research and practise are examined in order to assist decision-makers in developing a long-term competitive edge for Indian firms.
Meaning or Importance? E-commerce Consumers Interest in Product Features Presented in Online Offerings: The Role of Self-Relevance and Information Processing

Abstract Gaining and responding to consumer interest in offered products is critical in e-commerce communication. When exposed to product-attribute information, e-commerce consumers may be interested in the meaning or importance of the presented attributes. Two online experiments with Polish young adults demonstrate that consumer interest in those types of information is related to product self-relevance (i.e., whether consumers consider buying a product for themselves vs. they are merely evaluating the product). Namely, in the high (vs. low) self-relevance condition, consumers are less interested in importance-type information (i.e., they seek it less from consultants and retrieve it less from their knowledge while sharing their opinions online). Moreover, in the high (vs. low) self-relevance condition, consumers retrieve more meaning-type information while sharing opinions online. Additionally, consumers sharing online opinions retrieve more importance-type information when processing more analytically. The above findings extend the existing literature by linking product self-relevance and information processing with e-commerce consumer interest in product information. The results may be helpful for e-commerce marketers and managers who aim to gain and respond to consumer interest in specific types of product information.
Smart technologies in the Covid-19 crisis: Managing tourism flows and shaping visitors’ behaviour

This paper contributes to the academic debate on tourism destination development in the COVID-19 crisis, by investigating the role of smart technology tools for managing tourism flows and shaping visitors’ behaviours. Considering tourism in the COVID-19 crisis as an emerging stream of research, the paper assumes a continuity with the overtourism research (pre-COVID-19) and builds on the cross-fertilization between the advances in this field and the smart destination literature. Based on an explorative online news media analysis, the paper provides fresh knowledge on the role of smart technologies in destination management, by proposing the Smart Technology Matrix. This frames the smart-tech tools and provides the conceptual background for opening future paths of inquiry on smart tourism destinations in the Covid-19 context.
Impact of Text Diversity on Review Helpfulness: A Topic Modeling Approach

Aim/Purpose: In this study, we aim to investigate the impact of an important characteristic of textual reviews – the diversity of the review content on review helpfulness. Background: Consumer-generated reviews are an essential format of online Word-of-Month that help customers reduce uncertainty and information asymmetry. However, not all reviews are equally helpful as reflected by the varying number of helpfulness votes received by reviews. From consumers’ perspective, what kind of content is more effective and useful for making purchase decisions is unclear. Methodology: We use a data set consisting of consumer reviews for laptop products on Amazon from 2014 to 2018. A topic modeling technique is implemented to unveil the hidden topics embedded in the reviews. Based on the extracted topics, we compute the text diversity score of each review. The diversity score measures how diverse the content in a review is compared to other reviews. Contribution: In the literature, studies have examined various factors that can influence review helpfulness. However, studies that emphasized the information value of textual reviews are limited. Our study contributes to the extant literature of online word-of-mouth by establishing the connection between the diversity of the review content and consumer perceived helpfulness. Findings: Empirical results show that text diversity plays an important role in consumers’ evaluation of whether the review is helpful. Reviews that contain more diverse content tend to be more helpful to consumers. Moreover, we find a negative interaction effect between text diversity and the text depth. This result suggests that text depth and text diversity have a substitution effect. When a review contains more in-depth content, the impact of text diversity is weakened. Recommendations for Practitioners: For consumers to quickly find the informative reviews, platforms should incorporate measures such as text diversity in the ranking algorithms to rank consumer reviews. Future Research: Future study can extend the current research by examine the impact of text diversity for experienced goods and compare the results with search goods.
Gaze behaviours engaged while taking over automated driving: a systematic literature review

Abstract Among highly automated driving research topics, transition of control, especially from automated to manual driving (i.e., takeover) have been the object of numerous studies. Drivers’ gaze behaviours are of particular interest as proper information processing by the driver is a key element to safe manual control resumption. In this study, 22 research articles were selected and reviewed to extract main gaze behaviours tendencies during takeover transitions. Despite a great variety in protocols and gaze metrics, categories of factors and gaze parameters have been established. The resulting data shows that at the onset of the takeover request gaze tend to be quickly reoriented towards the road ahead. Despite this, an increase in gaze dispersion on the road environment was found in automated driving. In addition, clear evidence for detrimental effects of visually engaging non-driving related activities on visual exploration strategies emerge (e.g., delay in reorienting the gaze towards the road ahead). Altogether, gaze data reveal the complexity of information processing during takeovers. A synthetical view of gaze parameters evolution during the takeover process has been established and associated with visual information gathering and processing. Finally, a broader view underlying the importance of combining technological approaches with human centred ones is proposed. Supplemental data for this article is available online at at http://doi:10.1080/1463922X.2022. 2036861 .
Against polarization

This extension of Christian Davenport's virtual Presidential address to the Peace Science Society International attempts to: (1) identify as well as confront some of the issues that divide the Peace Science community and (2) provide some ideas/actions about what can be done to fix them. The article is as much a reflection on where we have been as it is a call to where we must go.
A Practical Guide to the Study of Glacial Sediments : (David J. A. Evans and Douglas I. Benn)

David Evans and Douglas Benn's A Practical Guide to the Study of Glacial Sediments (2004) is the much-anticipated follow-up to the authors' earlier book Glaciers and Glaciation (1998). Many consider their earlier book to be the best publication on the subject since Flint's text (1971), and I am happy to report that the authors have produced another book of that quality. As the title implies, the book is intended as a practical guide for the study of glacial sediments, and the authors succeed in getting relevant information to the reader succinctly and practicably. The book comprises nine chapters grouped into topical sections edited by Evans and Benn, with contributions from their colleagues at the Universities of Glasgow and St. Andrews. Unlike most books with multiple-authored sections, the sections flow seamlessly together, providing a laddered approach to the fundamentals of the study of sediments. Commonly, such multiple-authored works vary widely in writing style, but this work holds together well, as the major theme and template of subject presentation are maintained throughout. The initial chapter contains a short discussion of the objectives and scope of the book. Most readers are inclined to skip over an introductory chapter to get to the specific topic of interest. However, included in the chapter is a refreshing discussion of the philosophy of critical thinking in scientific investigation, inductive and deductive processes, and the use of analogues, with subtle encouragement for …
Experimental study on inter-laminar short-circuit faults at random positions in laminated magnetic cores

Inter-laminar short-circuit faults between the laminations of electrical machines, and other magnetic devices, have been one of the major challenges for the suppliers and customers of electrical steels. Extra power losses caused by inter-laminar faults depend on many factors including the location of the fault points. In this study, fundamental definitions and concepts of inter-laminar short-circuit faults, effect of inter-laminar faults on configuration of the magnetic cores and FEM verification are presented. Experimental works were performed to study the effect of inter-laminar faults with different configurations on the total power loss to distinguish and locate the critical and destructive faults. In the relevant studies, artificial short circuits of different configurations were applied between laminations of packs of four Epstein size laminations of 3% grain oriented silicon steel. Extra power losses caused by the inter-laminar faults were measured and the results were analysed.
A methodology for technical and financial assessment of distributed generation in the US

Traditionally, distributed power generation technologies have been considered to help reduce or eliminate the need for grid-connected electricity. It has been difficult, however, to assess the economic benefits of such technologies due to a lack of computer tools and data related to operating characteristics. This paper discusses a method for performing such as assessment based on electrical and thermal building loads, existing utility rate structures, standard economic parameters, tangible benefits from distributed resource and T and D benefits, and different control techniques. The paper concludes with an example showing the dependency of the internal rate of return on some of the input parameters.
Viral Aggregation: The Knowns and Unknowns

Viral aggregation is a complex and pervasive phenomenon affecting many viral families. An increasing number of studies have indicated that it can modulate critical parameters surrounding viral infections, and yet its role in viral infectivity, pathogenesis, and evolution is just beginning to be appreciated. Aggregation likely promotes viral infection by increasing the cellular multiplicity of infection (MOI), which can help overcome stochastic failures of viral infection and genetic defects and subsequently modulate their fitness, virulence, and host responses. Conversely, aggregation can limit the dispersal of viral particles and hinder the early stages of establishing a successful infection. The cost–benefit of viral aggregation seems to vary not only depending on the viral species and aggregating factors but also on the spatiotemporal context of the viral life cycle. Here, we review the knowns of viral aggregation by focusing on studies with direct observations of viral aggregation and mechanistic studies of the aggregation process. Next, we chart the unknowns and discuss the biological implications of viral aggregation in their infection cycle. We conclude with a perspective on harnessing the therapeutic potential of this phenomenon and highlight several challenging questions that warrant further research for this field to advance.
The Influence of Microstructure on the Flexural Properties of 3D Printed Zirconia Part via Digital Light Processing Technology

In recent years, additive manufacturing of ceramics is becoming of increasing interest due to the possibility of the fabrication of complex shaped parts. However, the fabrication of a fully dense bulk ceramic part without cracks and defects is still challenging. In the presented work, the digital light processing method was introduced for fabricating zirconia parts. The flexural properties of the printed zirconia were systematically investigated via a three-point bending test with the digital image correlation method, scanning electron microscopy observation and fractography analysis. Due to the anisotropy of the sample, the bending deformation behaviors of the zirconia samples in the parallel and vertical printing directions were significantly different. The flexural strength and the related elastic modulus of the samples under vertical loading were higher than that of the parallel loading, as the in-plane strength is higher than that of the interlayer strength. The maximum horizontal strain always appeared at the bottom center before the failure for the parallel loading case; while the maximum horizontal strain for the vertical loading moved upward from the bottom center to the top center. There was a clear dividing line between the minimum perpendicular strain and the maximum perpendicular strain of the samples under parallel loading; however, under vertical loading, the perpendicular strain declined from the bottom to the top along the crack path. The surrounding dense part of the sintered sample (a few hundred microns) was mainly composed of large and straight cracks between printing layers, whereas the interior contained numerous small winding cracks. The intense cracks inside the sample led to a low flexural property compared to other well-prepared zirconia samples, which the inadequate additive formulations would be the main reason for the generation of cracks. A better understanding of the additive formulation (particularly the dispersant) and the debinding-sintering process are necessary for future improvement.
Land Use Change and Its Driving Factors in the Rural–Urban Fringe of Beijing: A Production–Living–Ecological Perspective

Production–Living–Ecological Space (PLES) is a useful tool to identify land use status patterns and optimize land resource allocation. In this study, the spatial econometric model was chosen to analyze the driving factors of land use change in Chaoyang District, part of the rural–urban fringe in Beijing, from the perspective of PLES evolution, from 2005 to 2020. The results showed the following: (1) Production Space (PS) to Living-Non-Farm Production Space (LNPS) has been the most significant conversion process of PLES since 2005, making LNPS the PLES type with the highest proportion in the study area. (2) With the spatial order from near-to-far from the city center, the scale of PS was reduced and concentrated, Ecological Space (ES) was formed in a green belt at the periphery of Beijing, Eco-Agricultural Production Space (EAPS) and Living-Agricultural Production Space were rapidly reduced, and LNPS was rapidly expanded in the point-line-plane order. (3) The PS to LNPS conversion was mainly driven by economic development and industrial structure upgrades, while the PS to ES conversion was mainly due to the distribution of population density and also industrial structures. The conversion of EAPS to LNPS was driven by the increase of the urbanization rate and economic growth. This study confirmed the policy-driven effect of the conversion from PS to ES. Due to the “Concentric Circle” spatial structure of Beijing, the conversion of PLES is generally related to the distance from the city center.
Electronic and optical properties of nickel-doped ceria: A computational modelling study

Cerium oxide $\text{CeO}_2$, or ceria, has gained increasing interest owing to its excellent catalytic applications. Under the framework of density functional theory (DFT), this contribution demonstrates the effect that introducing the element nickel (Ni) into the ceria lattice has on its electronic, structural, and optical characteristics. Electronic density of states (DOSs) analysis shows that Ni integration leads to a shrinkage of Ce 4$f$ states and improvement of Ni 3$d$ states in the bottom of the conduction band. Furthermore, the calculated optical absorption spectra of an Ni-doped $\text{CeO}_2$ system shifts towards longer visible light and infrared regions. Results indicate that Ni-doping a $\text{CeO}_2$ system would result in a decrease of the band gap. Finally, Mulliken's charge transfer of the $\text{Ce}_{1-x}\text{Ni}_x\text{O}_2$ system exhibits an ionic bond between Ce or Ni and O, and covalent bonds between Ce and Ni atoms. The analysis of absorption spectra demonstrates that Ni-doped $\text{CeO}_2$ is a material with potential use in photocatalytic, photovoltaic, and solar panels.
Challenges in Device Closure of Secundum Atrial Septal Defect in Older Patients in Their Fifth Decade and Beyond

Objective Transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) device closure in the older population presents a greater challenge due to the long-standing effect of atrial left-to-right shunt. This study analyzes the challenges encountered in transcatheter ASD device closure in older patients in their fifth decade and beyond. Methods Adults aged 40 years and above with significant secundum ASD who underwent transcatheter ASD device closure between June 2015 and April 2021 were analyzed. Challenges were classified as major and minor challenges based on their impact on the alteration of the treatment protocol. Patients were categorized into three subgroups according to age. Group 1 consisted of patients aged 40-49 years (n = 13), Group 2 consisted of patients aged 50-59 years (n = 16), and Group 3 consisted of patients aged 60 years and above (n = 8). Results A total of 37 patients were analyzed. The challenges encountered were arrhythmia, pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, bleeding, stroke, coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, and airway disease. Thirteen percent of challenges were seen in pre-procedure time, whereas 79% of challenges during the procedure and 8% of challenges during post-procedure were seen. Thirty-five patients (94.6%) underwent transcatheter ASD device closure. Two patients (5.4%) did not undergo transcatheter ASD device closure due to severe diastolic dysfunction and associated CAD, respectively. Eleven major challenges were encountered in 10 patients in which one patient had a dual challenge of bleeding and arrhythmia. Thirteen patients (35.1%) had smooth procedures without any challenges encountered. Twenty-seven minor challenges were encountered in 20 patients with some patients having an overlap of multiple major and minor challenges. The patients were doing well at the mean follow-up of 28 months. Conclusions Transcatheter ASD device closure in older patients who are 40 years and above is safe and effective. Such high-risk patients are prone to various challenges that can be effectively managed if optimally monitored on the basis of a proper understanding of the altered physiology and anticipation of the deviated course at various stages of the procedure.
Using quality function deployment for environmentally sustainable hotels: a combined analysis of customer and manager point of view

This paper aims to integrate customers’ and managers’ environmental priorities into service delivery design processes. The main research question in this study is to determine the most significant environmental priorities of customers and managers at hotels. To achieve this aim, Quality Function Deployment is implemented as a tool, combining customer expectations and environmental strategies in service design activities. Customers and managers collectively focus to increase environmental sustainability in hotels in several areas such as the presence of the hotel not causing any harm to the environment, the compliance of hotel with surrounding nature, the presence of automatic electricity control, and the effective use of energy and water lavatories containing automatic water saving systems. The primary design characteristics that meet customer expectations and improve environmental sustainability at hotels are the economic use of electricity, water saving systems, use of natural materials, and adequacy of systems not harming environment and human.