Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Resolution Surface Current Mapping Using TanDEM-X ATI

The TanDEM-X satellite formation permits improved ocean surface current observation by means of along-track interferometry (ATI) when compared to single-satellite systems. The adjustable imaging geometry of its two cooperating SAR sensors can form an interferometer with high sensitivity to measure very slow motions on the ground. This way, mapping of surface currents with unprecedented accuracy, high spatial resolution and wide coverage at the same time becomes possible. In this paper, we address data acquisition and processing aspects like interferometric baseline geometry, temporal de-correlation and phase calibration for surface current imaging with TanDEM-X.
Targeted Therapies in Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma

Primary tumor resection and liver transplantation are the only curative treatment options for the management of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, for patients with advanced or metastatic disease, palliative systemic therapy remains the only treatment option. The development of targeted therapeutics has begun to shift the treatment paradigm in CCA. Targets of interest in CCA include mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (mIDH-1), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression/amplification, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusion, in addition to less frequently observed targets such as BRAF V600E, deficient mismatch repair/high microsatellite instability (dMMR/MSI-H), and high tumor mutation burden (TMB-H). These targets are observed in varying frequency among patients with intrahepatic CCA and extrahepatic CCA. Multiple novel therapies have been developed to exploit each of these targets, with some having received United States Food and Drug Administration approval for use in the second-line setting. In the current review, we discuss targets of interest in CCA and summarize current evidence evaluating available therapies directed at these targets.
Development of New Genome Editing Tools for the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia

Hyperlipidemia is a medical condition characterized by high levels of lipids in the blood. It is often associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. Traditional treatment approaches for hyperlipidemia involve lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and the use of medications like statins. Recent advancements in genome editing technologies, including CRISPR-Cas9, have opened up new possibilities for the treatment of this condition. This review provides a general overview of the main target genes involved in lipid metabolism and highlights the progress made during recent years towards the development of new treatments for dyslipidemia.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales in Japan: A Nationwide Analysis of Data from a Clinical Laboratory Center (2016–2022)

In Japan, nationwide epidemiological surveys on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CREs), including comprehensive information, are scarce, with most data available only through public reports. This study analyzed data on the Enterobacterales family collected from nationwide testing centers between January 2016 and December 2022, focusing on isolates that met the criteria for CRE in Japan based on drug susceptibility. We investigated 5,323,875 Enterobacterales isolates of 12 different species; among 4696 (0.09%) CRE strains, the proportion of major CRE isolates was as follows: Escherichia coli, 31.3%; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 28.0%; Enterobacter cloacae, 18.5%; and Klebsiella aerogenes, 6.7%. Moreover, over a 7-year period, Providencia rettgeri, E. cloacae, K. aerogenes, and K. pneumoniae demonstrated relatively high CRE percentages of 0.6% (156/26,185), 0.47% (869/184,221), 0.28% (313/110,371), and 0.17% (1314/780,958), respectively. The number of CRE strains isolated from different samples was as follows: urine, 2390; respiratory specimens, 1254; stool, 425; blood, 252; others, 375. In the broader context, including colonization, the predominant isolates of CREs collected at nationwide testing centers are E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Furthermore, recently, attention has been directed toward less common CRE species, such as Klebsiella oxytoca and Providencia rettgeri, and thus, it might be necessary to continue monitoring these less common species.
Intracontinental reworking in the Capricorn Orogen, Western Australia: the 1680 – 1620 Ma Mangaroon Orogeny*

Structures and metamorphic mineral assemblages throughout much of the Proterozoic Capricorn Orogen have been attributed to the 1830 – 1780 Ma Capricorn Orogeny. However, in the northern part of the Gascoyne Complex at the exposed western end of the orogen, precursor sediments to pelitic gneiss and metamorphosed feldspathic sandstone were deposited after 1680 ± 13 Ma. The sediments were first deformed and intruded by voluminous granites during intracontinental reworking (the Mangaroon Orogeny) between 1680 Ma and 1620 Ma. The Mangaroon Orogeny comprises a subhorizontal gneissic layering and peak metamorphic conditions of upper amphibolite facies (D1m/M1m) followed by upright, macroscopic southeast-trending folds and an associated subvertical foliation formed at greenschist facies (D2m/M2m). Schlieric biotite – muscovite granodiorite dated at 1677 ± 5 Ma represents an anatectic melt that intruded during D2m. Cross-cutting biotite and biotite – muscovite monzogranites mainly crystallised at ca 1680 – 1660 Ma, but granite plutons were emplaced across the Gascoyne Complex until 1620 Ma. Our findings invalidate correlation of these metasedimentary rocks with lower grade rocks of the upper Wyloo Group along the northern margin of the orogen, and necessitate a reassessment of tectonic activity in the orogen attributed to the Capricorn Orogeny.
Temporal- and Spatial-Scale Dependence of Three CMIP3 Climate Models in Simulating the Surface Temperature Trend in the Twentieth Century

AbstractMotivated by increasing interests in regional- and decadal-scale climate predictions, this study systematically analyzed the spatial- and temporal-scale dependence of the prediction skill of global climate models in surface air temperature (SAT) change in the twentieth century. The linear trends of annual mean SAT over moving time windows (running linear trends) from two observational datasets and simulations by three global climate models [Community Climate System Model, version 3.0 (CCSM3.0), Climate Model, version 2.0 (CM2.0), and Model E-H] that participated in CMIP3 are compared over several temporal (10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, and 50-yr trends) and spatial (5° × 5°, 10° × 10°, 15° × 15°, 20° × 20°, 30° × 30°, 30° latitudinal bands, hemispheric, and global) scales. The distribution of root-mean-square error is improved with increasing spatial and temporal scales, approaching the observational uncertainty range at the largest scales. Linear correlation shows a similar tendency, but the limited observ.
COVID-19—Evidence of the Impact of Literacy and Salutogenic Behaviours in Positive Mental Health: A Cross-Sectional Study

Positive mental health is defined as the ability to perceive and interpret the context of a situation and to adapt to it whenever necessary. Considering the pandemic situation, identifying the factors that may have the greatest impact on quality of life and consequently, on positive mental health is paramount. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of health literacy on the adoption of behaviours that promote positive mental health during COVID-19. A descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted on a sample of 770 patients using a questionnaire for sociodemographic characterization, the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire and the Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire. Concerning health-promoting behaviours, those who sleep enough hours, exercise regularly, eat healthy and are more aware of mental health promotion activities, or have greater mental health literacy, have higher positive mental health scores. Thus, having more knowledge of mental health and adopting health-promoting behaviours improve positive mental health.
Isolate Whey Protein Promotes Fluid Balance and Endurance Capacity Better Than Isolate Casein and Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Solution in a Warm, Humid Environment

Protein ingestion is known to enhance post-exercise hydration. Whether the type of protein (i.e., whey, casein) can alter this response is unknown. Accordingly, this study aimed to compare the effects of the addition of milk-derived whey isolate or casein protein to carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE) drinks on post-exercise rehydration and endurance capacity. Thirty male soldiers (age: 24 ± 2.1 y; VO2max: 49.3 ± 4.7 mL/kg/min) were recruited. Upon losing ~2.2% of body mass by running in warm and humid conditions (32.3 °C, 76% relative humidity [RH]), participants ingested either a CE solution (66 g/L carbohydrate [CHO]), or CE plus isolate whey protein (CEW, 44 g/L CHO, 22 g/L isolate whey), or CE plus isolate casein protein (CEC, 44 g/L CHO, 22 g/L isolate casein) beverage in a volume equal to 150% of body mass loss. At the end of the 3 h rehydration period, a positive fluid balance was higher with CEW (0.22 L) compared to CEC (0.19 L) and CE (0.12 L). Overall mean fluid retention was higher in CEW (80.35%) compared with the CE (76.67%) and CEC trials (78.65%). The time of the endurance capacity test [Cooper 2.4 km (1.5 miles) run test] was significantly higher in CEC (14.25 ± 1.58 min) and CE [(12.90 ± 1.01 min; (p = 0.035)] than in CEW [(11.40 ± 1.41 min); (p = 0.001)]. The findings of this study indicate that the inclusion of isolate whey protein in a CE solution yields superior outcomes in terms of rehydration and enhanced endurance capacity, as compared to consuming the CE solution alone or in conjunction with isolate casein protein.
Responses of ground‐dwelling arthropods to surface flow drying in channels and adjacent habitats along Mediterranean streams

Intermittent streams are dynamic ecosystems that alternate between dry and wet states. Despite their global dominance, we have scant information about the effects of surface flow drying on terrestrial arthropods in channel and adjacent terrestrial habitats. In the present study, we used pitfall traps to characterise the terrestrial arthropod assemblages along lateral gradients (channel, riparian, and upland habitats) in perennial and intermittent reaches of two contrasting Mediterranean intermittent streams (Rogativa and Fuirosos streams). Simultaneously, we assessed changes in assemblage composition and structure on five sampling occasions over the entire drying period (i.e. 29 days). The composition of arthropod assemblages differed among streams, flow regimes, habitat types, and sampling dates. In contrast, depending on the stream, taxonomic richness and total abundance were similar between perennial and intermittent reaches, but differed among habitat types. Formicidae, Araneae, Collembola, and Coleoptera explained most of the differences between flow regimes and habitat types in both streams. In Rogativa stream, arthropod abundances peaked in the dry channel and increased with drying time, while abundances decreased in riparian and upland habitats. It implies that the dry channel may be colonized by riparian and upland arthropods to a greater or lesser extent depending on the stream and the specific landscape context. Our results emphasize the importance of dry channels as temporary habitats for terrestrial arthropod assemblages. Thus, the dry period should be considered explicitly when assessing biodiversity of and establishing management strategies for intermittent streams and their fringing riparian and upland areas. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The jadeitites from Syros and Tinos, Cycladic Blueschist Unit, Greece: field observations, mineralogical, geochemical and geochronological characteristics

Abstract This study illustrates the field relationships of jadeitite-bearing block-in-matrix sequences on Syros and Tinos, Cycladic Blueschist Unit, and adds additional U–Pb zircon ages for jadeitites to the geochronological database. The results confirm the importance of Cretaceous (c. 80 Ma) and Eocene (c. 50 Ma) processes in their geological evolution. Interpretations suggesting that the jadeitites were formed by complete metasomatic replacement of a pre-existing rock are not fully supported by field observations. In at least some cases, the formation of jadeitite is likely due to precipitation from Na-Al-Si-rich aqueous fluids, which also caused variable metasomatic alteration of the host rock. Unambiguous age constraints for formation of the Syros and Tinos jadeitites are not available. A relationship to Eocene blueschist facies metamorphism recorded in the associated metamafic rocks seems plausible. However, since high-pressure overprinting of pre-Eocene jadeitite is also conceivable, there is a much larger time window for jadeitite formation, framed by Cretaceous (c. 80–76 Ma) protolith ages of various mélange blocks and the waning stages of blueschist facies metamorphism (c. 40 Ma). Field observations are consistent with the interpretation that the mélange-like occurrences on Syros and Tinos record, to varying extent, multi-stage processes that include detachment of mafic rocks from the subducting plate, local infiltration of Na-Al-Si-rich aqueous fluids, exhumation via a serpentinitic matrix in a subduction channel and reworking of the primary block-in-matrix fabric by sedimentary or tectonic processes during accretionary wedge formation.
Blockchain Mining Power and Market Quality in Cryptocurrency Trading

This paper investigates how the aggregate mining power of blockchain affects the market quality of cryptocurrency trading platforms. Using historical intraday data of three cryptocurrencies traded on three platforms from January to June 2021, we observe that a decrease in the blockchain’s aggregate mining power results in wider price discrepancies across platforms and reduced liquidity. We also analyze abnormal hashrate and find consistent results that support our previous findings. The contribution of this study lies in empirically exploring the connection between blockchain mining and the trading environment of the crypto market, highlighting the importance of considering the impact of blockchain validation process when designing fair and efficient markets for crypto assets.
The response of marine carbon and nutrient cycles to ocean acidification: Large uncertainties related to phytoplankton physiological assumptions

Alongside climate change, anthropogenic emissions of CO2 will cause ocean acidification (OA), which will impact upon key biogeochemical processes in the ocean such as net primary production (NPP), carbon export (CEX), N2 fixation (NFIX), denitrification (DENIT), and ocean suboxia (SOX). However, appraising the impact of OA on marine biogeochemical cycles requires ocean general circulation and biogeochemistry models (OGCBMs) that necessitate a number of assumptions regarding the response of phytoplankton physiological processes to OA. Of particular importance are changes in C:N:P stoichiometry, which cannot be accounted for in current generation OGCBMs that rely on fixed Redfield C:N:P ratios. We developed a new version of the PISCES OGCBM that resolves the cycles of C, N, and P independently to investigate the impact of assumptions that OA (1) enhances NPP, (2) enhances losses of fixed carbon in dissolved organic forms, and (3) modifies the uptake of nutrients by phytoplankton. In total, six simulations were performed over the period 1860–2100. We find that while the prescribed “CO2 sensitivity” of rate processes explains the NPP response, there are large uncertainties in the response of CEX, NFIX, DENIT, and SOX related to assumptions regarding the fate of fixed carbon and nutrient uptake. The overall responses of NPP and CEX are opposite and of similar magnitude to those predicted to occur from climate change alone, suggesting that changes in stoichiometry and NPP in response to OA (and probably also climate change) need to be evaluated in non‐Redfield coupled‐climate OGCBMs. Using a recent synthesis of OA experiments, it was not possible to evaluate whether one or more of our scenarios was most likely. Future coupled experimental modeling approaches are necessary to better understand the impact of OA on ocean biogeochemistry.
Application of intraarterial superselective indocyanine green angiography in bypass surgery for adult moyamoya disease

Background Extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery is the main treatment approach to moyamoya disease, and an accurate assessment of the patency of anastomosis is critical for successful surgery. So far, the most common way to do this is the intraoperative intravenous indocyanine green (ICG) video-angiography. Intra-arterial ICG-VA has been applied to treat peripheral cerebral aneurysms, spinal arteriovenous fistulas, and dural arteriovenous fistulas, but few reports have concerned the use of arterial injection of ICG to evaluate anastomotic patency. This research aims to explore the feasibility and effects of catheter-guided superficial temporal artery injection of ICG in the evaluation of anastomotic patency after bypass surgery. Methods In this study, 20 patients with moyamoya disease or syndrome who underwent bypass surgery were divided into two groups, one who received intravenous ICG angiography and the other who received intra-arterial ICG angiography, to compare the two injection methods for vascular anastomosis patency. We conducted conventional intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in a hybrid operating room during extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery, including the additional step of injecting ICG into the main trunk of the superficial temporal artery (STA) through a catheter. Results Intra-arterial injection of indocyanine green video-angiography (ICG-VA) indicated good patency of the vascular anastomosis when compared with conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and intravenous ICG-VA, confirming the feasibility of using the arterial injection of ICG for assessing anastomotic patency. And intra-arterial ICG-VA results in faster visualization than intravenous ICG-VA (p < 0.05). Besides, ICG-VA through arterial injection provided valuable information on the vascular blood flow direction after the bypass surgery, and allowed for visual inspection of the range of cortical brain supply from the superficial temporal artery and venous return from the cortex. Moreover, arterial injection of ICG offered a rapid dye washout effect, reducing the repeat imaging time. Conclusion This study indicates that intra-arterial ICG-VA has good effects in observing the direction of blood flow in blood vessels and the range of cortical brain supply from the STA, which reflects blood flow near the anastomosis and provides additional information that may allow the postoperative prediction of cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome. However, the procedure of intra-arterial ICG-VA is relatively complicated compared to intravenous ICG-VA.
RefactorScore: Evaluating Refactor Prone Code

We propose RefactorScore, an automatic evaluation metric for code. RefactorScore computes the number of refactor prone locations on each token in a candidate file and maps the occurrences into a quantile to produce a score. RefactorScore is evaluated across 61,735 commits and uses a model called RefactorBERT trained to predict refactors on 1,111,246 commits. Finally, we validate RefactorScore on a set of industry leading projects providing each with a RefactorScore. We calibrate RefactorScore's detection of low quality code with human developers through a human subject study. RefactorBERT, the model driving the scoring mechanism, is capable of predicting defects and refactors predicted by RefDiff 2.0. To our knowledge, our approach, coupled with the use of large scale data for training and validated with human developers, is the first code quality scoring metric of its kind.
The Major Factors Affecting Oocyte Quality in IVF Cycles: A Narrative Review

Background: The role of assisted reproductive technologies, including in-vitro fertilization [IVF], is increasing daily because of the significant rise in subfertility cases. Among women, the most observed causes of infertility are primary ovarian insufficiency and premature ovarian failure, accounting for 25% of cases, followed by tubal damage (20%) and uterine abnormalities (10%), all contributing to the increase in IVF cases among couples. The success of IVF depends on various factors; however, the role of oocyte quality and maturation level is considered a pivotal cardinal factor for the success rates of IVF. Methods: A thorough literature analysis was performed using the following search terms: “Oocyte Quality” and “IVF cycle. ” The databases searched included PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and ResearchGate. Discussion: IVF success rates especially depend on oocyte quality and level of maturation. Several factors affecting these two factors include obesity, which increases O2 and H2O2 levels resulting in elevated endoplasmic reticulum [ER] stress; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome [PCOS]; age; endometriosis; cyclic nucleotides used in IVF; thalassemia major which is associated with lower ovarian reserve and increased redox activity malignancies, and anti-neoplastic drugs, which may contribute to premature ovarian insufficiency. Various treatment options were proposed to improve oocyte quality and maturation level, including growth hormone [GH] supplementation alongside ovarian supplementation, autologous mitochondrial transfer, luteal phase ovarian stimulation, administration of MI-Melatonin-Vitamin D3, Duphaston, and putrescine supplementation. Conclusion: With the rising number of subfertility cases, the importance of Assisted Reproductive Technologies [ART] is growing. The success rate of IVF on oocyte quality and level of maturation level, and few with several factors affecting these. Though numerous treatment options have been proposed to enhance oocyte quality and maturation, not all have been deemed beneficial.
HOBE: A Hydrological Observatory

In this paper a short introduction is given to the Danish hydrological observatory—HOBE. We describe characteristics of the catchment, which is subject to experimental and modeling investigations. An overview is given of the research reported in this special section of the journal, which includes 11 papers of original research covering precipitation, evapotranspiration, emission of greenhouse gasses, unsaturated flow, groundwater–surface water interaction, and climate change impacts on hydrology.
Poverty Mapping with Aggregate Census Data

Spatially disaggregated maps of the incidence of poverty can be constructed by combining household survey data and census data. In some cases, however, statistical authorities are reluctant, for reasons of confidentiality, to release household-level census data. This paper examines the loss in precision associated with using aggregated census data, such as village- or district-level means of the data. We show analytically that using aggregated census data will result in poverty rates that are biased downward (upward) if the rate is below (above) 50 percent and that the bias approaches zero as the poverty rate approaches zero, 50 percent, and 100 percent. Using data from Vietnam, we find that the average absolute error in estimating provincial poverty rates is about 2 percentage points if the data are aggregated to the enumeration-area level and around 3-4 percentage points if they are aggregated to the provincial level. Even census data aggregated to the provincial level perform reasonably well in ranking the 61 provinces by the incidence of poverty: the average absolute error in ranking is 0.92.