Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First incidence of loose-shell syndrome disease in the giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon from the brackish water ponds in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT The recent incidence of loose-shell syndrome disease (LSSD) in grow-out shrimp ponds appears to be a major problem in Bangladesh. Therefore, the aims of our study were (i) to observe clinical signs of LSSD to confirm its incidence and (ii) to identify the probable causative agents for LSSD in shrimp. Sampling was conducted randomly from five LSSD-affected ponds and three non-affected ponds near Bakkhali River; ecological parameters were measured. A total of 180 healthy shrimps were used for this experiment, where LSSD-affected shrimp extracts were either injected into the shrimps or mixed with water in the experimental tanks. Finally, microbial examinations were performed to identify the possible LSSD causative agents from the infected individuals. The total shrimp production was higher in ponds with healthy populations (185 kg/ha) than from LSSD-affected ponds (126–146 kg/ha); the survival rate of shrimp at harvest was significantly different (p < .01) between normal and LSSD-affected ponds. The prevalence of infection with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and monodon baculovirus (MBV) was found to be lower than that of the Vibrio infections. During the investigation, 8% of LSSD-affected individuals were WSSV positive and 5% were MBV positive, and 4% were infected by both. Our study suggested that the prevalence of LSSD in tiger shrimp might be associated with multiple Vibrio bacterial infections, poor soil and water quality, as well as poor pond management.
COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCES FOR DAIRY COWS

YILDIZ, E. , N. TODOROV and K. NEDELKOV, 2015. Comparison of different dietary protein sources for dairy cows. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 21: 199-208 The aim of the experiment is to compare sunflower meal (SFM), as a protein source in rations of lactating dairy cows to rape seed meal, canola type (RSM), dry distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) from maize, and soybean meal (SBM). Twenty four multiparous Holstein cows averaging 51±19 days in milk at the start of the experiment and 603±48 kg body weight were randomly assigned in 4x4 Latin square design trials. Each period lasted 21 days. Weeks 1 and 2 were used for adjustment and week 3 for data collection. Diets for each period and treatment group consisted of 4.3 kg alfalfa hay and 22 kg maize silage (31% DM), and 12.2 kg compound feed. All ingredients were mixed and provided to the cows as total mixed rations (TMR). TMR contained 17.1% crude protein in dry matter, with 47 to 58% coming from 4 tested supplementary protein sources. During each period, the cows were offered 1 of 4 compound feeds containing: 1) 39% SFM, 2) 46.6% RSM, 3) 62% DDGS, and 4) 32% SBM. By adding sunflower hulls to diets with SBM, RSM and DDGS, and maize germ as source of fat to those with SFM, RSM and SBM all rations were equalized by net energy concentration, crude fiber and fat in dry matter. Therefore, the different protein source was the only main difference between the 4 diets. Dry matter intake tended to increase for diets with DDGS and SBM as protein supplement. Milk production was significantly lower for cows receiving SFM with diet (30.1 kg/day), compared to diets with SBM (33.2 kg/day) (P 0.05) between SBM, RSM and DDGS as a protein sources. Milk protein yield per day was 1.08, 1.05, 1.04 and 0.96 for cows receiving diets with SBM, RSM, DDGS and SFM respectively, and respective percentages of milk protein were 3.24, 3.22, 3.19 and 3.18 (P>0.05). Fractions of true protein, casein and whey protein from total protein did not differ significantly. There was a tendency for lower true protein and casein content in milk of cows receiving diet with SFM. Non-protein nitrogen in milk from SFM diet was significantly higher, than in other diets. There were no significant differences in yield of fat, and milk fat percentage in cows receiving diets with 4 different protein feeds. Production of energy corrected milk from intake of one kilogram dry matter was the lowest in cows fed SFM diet (1.54 kg) (P<0.05), followed by DDGS (1.63 kg), RSM diets (1.67 kg), and SBM (1.69 kg). Less true protein in milk (P<0.05) was produced from 1 kg crude protein in ration with SFM compared to other rations. However, utilization of protein digestible in intestine for milk true protein production did not differ significantly between the four rations. Milk produced from cows fed ration with SBM had a farm gate price which was by 15 to 23% higher than those of milk produced by the other three rations. The cheapest milk was from the DDGS diet, followed by RSM and SFM
Study of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Various Yield and Quality Traits in Sugarcane Genotypes (Saccharum officinarum)

Sugarcane is a major crop of tropical and subtropical regions of the world which is cross pollinated, grown as an important cash crop and is a sucrose storing member of tall growing perennial monocotyledonous grasses. It belongs to the family Poaceae, tribe Andropogoneae, sub tribe Saccaharinineae and genus Saccharum (Tyagi and Lal, 2005). S. officinarum, S. barberi and S. sinense are three recognized cultivated species and S. spontaneum and S. robustum are two wild species of sugarcane. S. officinarum is an octaploid with x=10 and 2n= 80 chromosome and is most widely cultivated species of sugarcane. Varieties of sugarcane are complex poly-ploids and their chromosome number varies from 2n = 100 to 120 or more (Prince, 1963). India is the second largest producer of sugarcane in the world after Brazil. Across the world, 70 per cent sugar is manufactured from sugarcane and it is a major source of raw material for sugar industries and other allied group of by product industries. It is grown in 5.34 million hectare with total production of 345.6 Million tones and productivity of 64.7 tonnes/ha (Indian Sugar, 2014). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 04 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Promising Composts as Growing Media for the Production of Baby Leaf Lettuce in a Floating System

The floating system is a successful strategy for producing baby leaf vegetables. Moreover, compost from agricultural and agri-food industry wastes is an alternative to peat that can be used as a component of growing media in this cultivation system. In this study, we experimented with three composts containing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), leek (Allium porrum L.), grape (Vitis vinifera L.), and/or olive (Olea europaea L.) mill cake residues, which were used as the main component (75/25 volume/volume) of three growing media (GM1, GM2 and GM3) to evaluate their effect on the growth and quality of red baby leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). We used a commercial peat substrate as a control treatment (100% volume) and in mixtures (25% volume) with the composts. The plants were cultivated over two growing cycles, in spring and summer, and harvested twice in each cycle when the plants had four to five leaves. We found that the percentage of seed germination was significantly higher in plants grown in peat than in those grown in compost growing media. The yield was affected by the growing media in the summer cycle, and we obtained the highest value with GM1. Furthermore, the second cut was more productive than the first one for all the growing media in both cycles. The lettuce quality was also affected by the growing media. In general, the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in the leaves was higher in plants grown in the compost growing media, particularly in the second cut, but the nitrate content in the leaves was greater in some of the compost treatments compared with the peat treatment. In addition, an in vitro suppressive activity study demonstrated that the interaction between different fungi and bacteria observed through metagenomics analysis could contribute to the effectiveness of the compost in controlling Pythium irregulare. The use of compost as a component of the growing media in the production of baby leaf vegetables in a floating system does not only favor the crop yield and product quality, but also shows suppressive effects against P. irregulare.
Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infections and Its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern at Tertiary Hospital in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study

ABSTRACT Context: Clinicians face one of the most common bacterial infections in developing countries that is urinary tract infection (UTI). Current knowledge on antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is essential for selecting appropriate therapy. Aims: In this study, we investigated the various bacteria causing UTI and determined the sensitivity and resistance of antibiotics pattern against most prevalent uropathogens isolated from patients at tertiary hospital, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective study of urine culture conducted in King Fahad Hospital at Al-Baha in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: Laboratory reports and patient medical files of both inpatient and outpatient were collected between June 2017 and May 2018, targeting both male and female of age above 18 years of age, who had been treated for UTI. Results: A total of 349 patients’ urine report was studied to identify the uropathogens. Escherichia coli was the main etiologic agent in community and hospital-acquired infections. The majority of the bacteria was isolated from female (60%), whereas the remaining (40%) was from male. The most common isolates were E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, E. coli Extended spectrum beta-lactamases, Pseudomonas, and K. pneumoniae ESBL (these represented 37.82%, 19.20%, 10.89%, 10.32%, 6.59%, and 3.72%, of isolate, respectively). UTI due to E. coli was at a higher rate during summer than during winter. This study showed that ciprofloxacin (20.29%) and cefuroxime (16.14%) are most prescribed medications, followed by ceftriaxone (12.96%) and then tazocin (8.80%). Imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid, and colistin were highly sensitive for most types of bacteria, but gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to ampicillin. Gram-positive bacteria showed highly resistance to cefoxitin. Conclusion: The microbial culture and sensitivity of the isolates from urine samples should be carried out as a routine before starting the antimicrobial therapy. Current knowledge of the antibiotic sensitivity/resistance patterns of uropathogens at a particular geographical region is a guiding factor for choosing an appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment rather than following universal guidelines.
Multi-Year Dynamics of Single-Step Genomic Prediction in an Applied Wheat Breeding Program

The availability of cost-efficient genotyping technologies has facilitated the implementation of genomic selection into numerous breeding programs. However, some studies reported a superiority of pedigree over genomic selection in line breeding, and as, aside from systematic record keeping, no additional costs are incurring in pedigree-based prediction, the question about the actual benefit of fingerprinting several hundred lines each year might suggest itself. This study aimed thus on shedding some light on this question by comparing pedigree, genomic, and single-step prediction models using phenotypic and genotypic data that has been collected during a time period of ten years in an applied wheat breeding program. The mentioned models were for this purpose empirically tested in a multi-year forward prediction as well as a supporting simulation study. Given the availability of deep pedigree records, pedigree prediction performed similar to genomic prediction for some of the investigated traits if preexisting information of the selection candidates was available. Notwithstanding, blending both information sources increased the prediction accuracy and thus the selection gain substantially, especially for low heritable traits. Nevertheless, the largest advantage of genomic predictions can be seen for breeding scenarios where such preexisting information is not systemically available or difficult and costly to obtain.
Evaluation of balanced fertilizer types on yield and yield components of sorghum and validation of soil fertility map based fertilizer recommendation

Sorghum has tremendous uses for the Ethiopian farmer and no part of this plant is ignored. However, the productivity of sorghum is low. In Harari region, the average productivity of 22.22 Quintal ha-1 which is even below the national average yield of 27.26 Quintal ha-1 mainly constrained by soil nutrient deficiencies.
Salmonellosis.

SUMMARY Salmonellosis is an infectious disease of humans and animals caused by organisms of the two species of Salmonella (Salmonella enterica, and S. bongori). Although primarily intestinal bacteria, salmonellae are widespread in the environment and commonly found in farm effluents, human sewage and in any material subject to faecal contamination. Salmonella organisms are aetiological agents of diarrhoeal and systemic infections in humans, most commonly as secondary contaminants of food originating from animals and the environment, usually as a consequence of subclinical infection in food animals leading to contamination of meat, eggs, and milk or secondary contamination of fruits and vegetables that have been fertilised or irrigated by faecal wastes. Human salmonellosis is one of the most common and economically important zoonotic diseases. Salmonella organisms may also be found in animal feedstuffs, causing subclinical gastro-intestinal carriage or infectious disease in animals, particularly poultry and pigs. Salmonellosis has been recognised in all countries, but appears to be most prevalent in areas of intensive animal husbandry, especially in pigs and calves and some types of poultry reared in confinement. Reptiles are commonly subclinical carriers of Salmonella. Several serovars are host specific (e.g. S. Abortusovis in sheep or S. Typhi in humans) or host adapted (e.g. S. Choleraesuis in pigs and S. Dublin in cattle). The disease can affect all species of domestic animals; young animals and pregnant and lactating animals are the most susceptible. Enteric disease is the commonest clinical manifestation, but a wide range of clinical signs, which include acute septicaemia, abortion, arthritis and respiratory disease, may be seen. Many animals, especially pigs and poultry, may also be infected but show no clinical illness. Such animals may be important in relation to the spread of infection between flocks and herds and as sources of food contamination and human infection. Fowl typhoid and Pullorum disease, poultry diseases caused by Salmonella, are addressed in Chapter 2.3. 11 of this Terrestrial Manual. Identification of the agent: Diagnosis is based on the isolation of the organism either from tissues collected aseptically at necropsy or from faeces, rectal swabs or environmental samples, food products and feedstuffs; prior or current infection of animals by some serovars may also be diagnosed serologically. When infection of the reproductive organs, abortion or conceptus occurs, it is necessary to culture fetal stomach contents, placenta and vaginal swabs and, in the case of poultry, embryonated eggs. Salmonellae may be isolated using a variety of …
Characteristics of hazel grouse Bonasa bonasia distribution in southern Korea

During October 1998 - May 1999, we studied the distribution of hazel grouse Bonasa bonasia and the structure of their habitats in southern Korea. Hazel grouse were censused from the responses to calls imitated using a Scandinavian metal hunter's whistle in winter and spring along line transects. Hazel grouse were distributed in most of the high mountain forest areas in southern Korea. The frequency of occurrence varied with altitude within the range of 300–1,200 m a.s. l. , with the highest density at 600–900 m a.s. l. Altitudinal distribution differed between seasons, however, and hazel grouse were observed at lower altitudes more often in winter than in spring. They occurred in mixed, deciduous and coniferous forest areas, but the use of forest types varied by season. Particularly many individuals were observed in planted Japanese larch Larix leptolepis forests. The coverage and density of understory vegetation was more developed where hazel grouse were observed, but coverage more than 2 m above ground did not seem to be important in explaining hazel grouse presence. The occurrence of hazel grouse was related to the development of understory vegetation more than to forest type. Seasonal use of forest types may have been related to the combined availability of food and cover in understory vegetation.
THE MENACE OF NOROVIRUS ON HUMAN HEALTH

Norovirus formally known as Norwalk virus was named after Norwalk, Ohio, in the United States, where an outbreak of acute viral gastroenteritis occurred among children at Bronson Elementary School in November, 1968. Norovirus is the only species of the genus Norovirus, which belongs to the family caliciviridae. Infection by Norovirus relies on the recognition of histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) in the initial viral attachment and this key event most likely controls host susceptibility and resistance to Norovirus. The pathological effect due to infection with Norovirus begins with viral attachment to the cell receptor, the P2 subdomain of the VP1 binds to a sugar residue, mostly to the histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) carbohydrates in the case of human Norovirus but also to sialic acid or heparin sulfate. Diagnosis can be achieved through Electron Microscopy and Immune Electron Microscopy, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Nucleic Acid Hybridization Assay. Theoretically, any food item can potentially be infected with Norovirus through fecal contamination. Therefore, all food items should be handled in good hygienic manner
On the spatial organization of cell organelles and diffusion of proteins in organelle membranes

In the first part of this thesis, we study the diffusive motion of the (un)folded transmembrane protein VSVG in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Unfolded VSVG interacts with the ER’s quality control machinery. These interactions are probed by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy in vivo. We find that both, folded and unfolded VSVG show anomalous diffusion, however, the unfolded protein has a significantly stronger anomaly. Our experimental data and accompanying simulations suggest that parts of the quality control oligomerize unfolded VSVG, leading to a more anomalous/obstructed diffusion. The difference in anomaly subsides when unfolded VSVG is in a complex with its chaperone calnexin. Hence, calnexin dissolves the oligomers and thus prevents ER poisoning. The second part of this work is dedicated to the influence of cell’s shape on its internal organization. We find that organelle positions show large variations in ensembles of equally shaped cells, hence challenging the idea of a ”standard cell”. However, depending on cell geometry and symmetry, the centrosome shows a preferential direction of displacement from the cell center. Simulations that include pushing forces of microtubules on the centrosome and the repulsion of the nucleus by the cell membrane explain this localization.
Religiosity, accounting expertise, and audit report lag: Empirical evidence from the individual level

Abstract Motivated mainly by three streams of research on religiosity and accounting expertise, this study investigates the effect of religiosity and accounting expertise on audit report lag. Using a unique sample and pooled regressions, it finds that the religiosity of top leaders, for example, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and audit committee (AC) chair, is not associated with shorter audit report lag. Consistent with prior research, it reports that the accounting expertise of top leaders is significantly associated with shorter audit report lag. More importantly, it documents that a religious top leader with accounting expertise is significantly associated with a greater reduction in audit report lag. Robustness checks are applied by conducting a variety of tests, resulting in similar findings. In additional analysis, this paper documents that religious and accounting expertise of top leaders are associated with abnormal decrease in audit report lag and that Big4 audit firms interact with the religiosity and accounting expertise of the AC chair more than the CEO. Overall, this study sheds light on the added value of religiosity and accounting expertise in the context of audit report lag.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Ginseng, Green Tea, Cinnamon Their Combination against Acetamiprid - induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

The present study aimed to investigate whether ginseng, green tea and cinnamon or/and mixture can improve liver in a rats and whether this therapeutic approach resulted in amelioration in lipids profile (serum cholesterol, triglycerides, Serum HDL, Serum LDL, FT3 and FT4), liver function profile (serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, total protein and albumin) and cytokines profile (serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß and interleukin-6). Male albino rats weighing 150 g ± 10% were used. They were divided into two groups: negative control and Acetamiprid groups. The results demonstrated that Acetamiprid induced antioxidant and biochemical alterations at testing periods 15 and 30 days. The obtained results revealed a significant (P<0.001) increase in Lipid parameters in Acetamiprid rats than those in their control ones. Lipid parameters (serum cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids & cholesterol) were significantly (P<0.001) elevated in Acetamiprid rats compared with their corresponding control group. On the other hand, induction of Acetamiprid to rats caused a significant (P<0.001) decrease in adiponectin level. Liver function tests (serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase) were significantly (P<0.001) increased in Acetamiprid rats compared with their corresponding control group But, the levels of serum total Original Research Article Shahin; AJOB, 5(1): 1-13, 2018; Article no.AJOB. 38202 2 protein and albumin were remarkably decreased in Acetamiprid rats group. A considerable (P<0.001) elevation were occurred in all cytokines parameters (serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß, interleukin-2 and interleukin-14) in Acetamiprid rats group compared with their corresponding control group. When Acetamiprid rats group was treated with ginseng, green tea and cinnamon or/and mixture a considerable amelioration effects in all previously studied parameters were pronounced dependent on certain mechanisms and time of treatment.