Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wind-driven circulation in a shelf valley. Part I : Mechanism of the asymmetrical response to along-shelf winds in opposite directions

AbstractMotivated by observations in Hudson shelf valley showing stronger onshore than offshore flows, this study investigates wind-driven flows in idealized shallow shelf valleys. This first part of a two-part sequence focuses on the mechanism of the asymmetrical flow response in a valley to along-shelf winds of opposite directions. Model simulations show that (i) when the wind is in the opposite direction to coastal-trapped wave (CTW) phase propagation, the shelf flow turns onshore in the valley and generates strong up-valley transport and a standing meander on the upstream side (in the sense of CTW phase propagation) of the valley, and (ii) when the wind is in the same direction as CTW phase propagation, the flow forms a symmetric onshore detour pattern over the valley with negligible down-valley transport. Comparison of the modeled upstream meanders in the first scenario with CTW characteristics confirms that the up-valley flow results from CTWs being arrested by the wind-driven shelf flow establishin.
A comparison of cognitive responses between personal and historical nostalgia

This research compares the effects of Personal and Historical Nostalgia on the cognition of respondents. Using an experimental research design and 806 respondents the type, ratio, and valence of thoughts when exposed to these specific nostalgic types were collected. Both nostalgic conditions were successful in stimulating specific types of nostalgic thoughts, showing a clear distinction between the two that is commonly overlooked. Personal nostalgia was found to stimulate a more positively valenced set of thoughts compared to Historical, but it resulted in fewer brand / message, and ad execution related thoughts. Comparative implications of using these two appeals are discussed. INTRODUCTION Significant differences in this important consumer behaviour reaction would indicate a need for practitioners and academics alike to ensure they approach nostalgic appeals as two specific types, rather than the commonly used ‘unified’ way of simply ‘nostalgia’. It would also highlight the beneficial and detrimental effects on cognition of each type. The paper begins with a brief background and theoretical underpinnings before moving to hypotheses development. Method is revealed next, and analysis/discussion of the results follows. Finally, limitations and future direction are
Real Exchange Rate, Output and Oil: Case of Four Large Energy Producers

We assess the effects of oil price shocks on real exchange rate and output in four large energy-producing countries: Iran, Kazakhstan, Venezuela, and Russia. We estimate four-variable structural vector autoregressive models using standard long-run restrictions. Not surprisingly, we find that higher real oil prices are associated with higher output. However, we also find that supply shocks are by far the most important driver of real output in all four countries, possibly due to ongoing transition and catching-up. Similarly, oil shocks do not account for a large share of movements in the real exchange rate, although they are clearly more significant for Iran and Venezuela than for the other countries.
Evaluation of Metabolic Syndrome as A Risk Factor for Colorectal Cancer

Objective: This study was designed to determine the relationship between metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Background: Overweight and obesity are leading risks for global deaths. Although the increase in obesity over the last 35 years has been most dramatic in the US and western industrialized countries, similar trends have also been seen in urban areas of many developing countries. There are multiple common health consequences of an elevated body mass index, including risk for several metabolic disorders, some cancers and ultimately
Bioactive Compounds of Softwood Bark as Potential Agents against Human Diseases Include the SARS-CoV-2 Virus

In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in developing natural drugs derived from medicinal plants. Multiple in-vitro screening studies reported that some naturally occurring compounds could possess inhibitory activity against various human viruses. The presented work describes significant biological activities of the main class of secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds and terpenes located in industrially important tree species Norway spruce (Picea Abies) and Scots pine (Pinus Sylvestris). Phytochemicals show promising in vitro antiviral and cytotoxic activities, making them an attractive starting material for new development in various pharmaceutical products. They have the potential to effectively protect human health against cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and as therapeutic agents against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Investigation of starch gelatinization in wheat grain cooking process

The cooking of wheat grains, with steam under pressure, is the initial process for some breakfast cereals. Starch gelatinization is the key reaction in this process. Research on starch gelatinization has focused on the systems from flour or pure starch. There has been little work on the gelatinization in whole grain systems. This study aims to investigate the gelatinization of starch in wheat grains cooked with steam under pressure. Soft and hard wheat grains were cooked at 4 cooking temperatures (110 to 140o C) and s6cooking times (20 to 120 min) for each cooking temperature. Gelatinized starches were directly investigated (without isolation from cooked wheat) by a modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Rapid Visco-Analyzer (RVA). Moisture content of cooked wheat was adjusted to be the same and samples were ground before being investigated by MDSC. The cross section of cooked grain was observed by SEM. Cooked wheat was dried and ground to produce cooked-wheat flour which was used for RVA analysis. Among all equipment used, MDSC was the most accurate for quantitative analysis. In this study, MDSC detected that starch was completely gelatinized within 60 to 80 min for cooking temperatures at 110 to 120o C and within 20 min when cooking at 130 to 140o C. The SEM clearly showed the swelling and melting of starch granules in samples cooked at high temperatures and/or for long times. Cooked wheat samples lost their natural pasting properties, resulting in the decrease of viscosity in their RVA profiles. Both soft and hard wheat exhibited similar results. The results suggest that MDSC, SEM, and RVA are the useful tools for investigation of starch gelatinization in the whole grain systems. The information on starch gelatinization of cooked wheat grains could yield some benefits for the better understanding of wheat grain cooking process.
The role of NKT cells in gastrointestinal cancers

ABSTRACT Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers represent a complex array of cancers that affect the digestive system. This includes liver, pancreatic, colon, rectal, anal, gastric, esophageal, intestinal and gallbladder cancer. Patients diagnosed with certain GI cancers typically have low survival rates, so new therapeutic approaches are needed. A potential approach is to harness the potent immunoregulatory properties of natural killer T (NKT) cells which are true T cells, not natural killer (NK) cells, that recognize lipid instead of peptide antigens presented by the non-classical major histocompatibility (MHC) molecule CD1d. The NKT cell subpopulation is known to play a vital role in tumor immunity by bridging innate and adaptive immune responses. In GI cancers, NKT cells can contribute to either antitumor or protumor immunity depending on the cytokine profile expressed and type of cancer. This review discusses the complexities of the role of NKT cells in liver, colon, pancreatic and gastric cancers with an emphasis on type I NKT cells.
A Survey of the Perception of Female Surgical Residents of Their Training in the Examination of Male Genitalia in Makkah Hospitals, KSA

The basic aims of medical schools are to graduate doctors to be competent in eliciting physical signs across all body systems. Deficiency in the clinical examination skills of female surgical residents of the male groin hernia and genitalia has not been explored and not enough investigated in the Arab and Muslim communities, despite obvious cultural restrictions and religious traditions. The cultural background of the students also has had an impact on their future training and skills. Certain systems’ examination for patients is considered very sensitive to perform by students and doctors of both sexes due to their sensitive nature. This might be due to cultural issues which affect the skills on these areas. Aim of this survey was to explore the different reasons and the influence of gender on clinical examination skills of female surgical trainees to male patient intimate. Methods: A cross-sectional design based on a self-administered questionnaire which was distributed to 80 female surgical resident trainees across five Hospitals in Makkah, Holy city, Saudi Arabia. The study was carried out between the period of September 2020 to July 2021 and involved all the female surgical residents from level 1 5 (R1 to R5). Result: Our study showed that overall perception of most of female residents on their performance on clinical examinations is less than expected. This study revealed that the main factor affecting the female resident’s clinical examination of the opposite sex intimate is the gender difference. 56 (81.2%) participants stated that their gender impacted their confidence and skills in examination of intimate of opposite sex, while 13 (18.8%) stated that gender has no effect. Conclusion: In conservative community, there are numerous areas where gender influences medical student clinical learning, including clinical exposure, supervisor support and patient willingness and consents, as well as some of the undergraduate methods of learning clinical skills not aligned with the post graduates needs. How to cite this paper: Al-Sairafi, R.A. , Softa, S.A. , Ahmed, A.E. and Elfaki, E.A. (2021) A Survey of the Perception of Female Surgical Residents of Their Training in the Examination of Male Genitalia in Makkah Hospitals, KSA. Surgical Science, 12, 411-420. https://doi.org/10.4236/ss.2021. 1212044 Received: November 16, 2021 Accepted: December 28, 2021 Published: December 31, 2021 Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access R.A. Al-Sairafi et al. DOI: 10.4236/ss.2021. 1212044 412 Surgical Science
Preterm Premature Ruptures of Membrane and Factors Associated among Pregnant Women Admitted in Wolkite Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Introduction Preterm premature rupture of membrane is the rupture of membrane before 37 weeks of gestational age. It complicates approximately 3 percent of pregnancies and leads to one-third of preterm births. It increases the risk of prematurity and leads to several other perinatal and neonatal complications, including the risk of fetal death. Although the prevalence and associated factors of preterm premature rupture of the membrane were well studied in high-income countries, there is a scarcity of evidence in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Method A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from 1st June to 30th June 2021 in Wolkite comprehensive specialized hospital. One hundred ninety nine (199) pregnant women were included as study subjects using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. It carried out descriptive statistical analysis and statistical tests like the odds ratio. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Statistically, significant tests were declared at a level of p value < 0.05. Result The magnitude of preterm premature rupture membrane is 6.6%. Having gestational diabetes mellitus (AOR = 5.99 (95% CI: 1.01, 32.97) and previous history of abortion (AOR = 5.31 (95% CI: 1.06, 26.69) were found to be significantly associated with preterm premature rupture of membrane. Conclusion Having gestational diabetes mellitus and having a previous history of abortion were significantly associated with preterm premature rupture of membrane.
Ju n 20 03 1 Folding of Cu , Zn superoxide dismutase and Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) has been implicated in the familial form of the neurodegenerative disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). It has been suggested that mutant mediated SOD1 misfolding/aggregation is an integral part of the pathology of ALS. We study the folding thermodynamics and kinetics of SOD1 using a hybrid molecular dynamics approach. We reproduce the experimentally observed SOD1 folding thermodynamics and find that the residues which contribute the most to SOD1 thermal stability are also crucial for apparent two-state folding kinetics. Surprisingly, we find that these residues are located on the surface of the protein and not in the hydrophobic core. Mutations in some of the identified residues are found in patients with the disease. We argue that the identified residues may play an important role in aggregation. To further characterize the folding of SOD1, we study the role of cysteine residues in folding and find that non-native disulfide bond formation may significantly alter SOD1 folding dynamics and aggregation propensity.
Mitigating the consequences of negative news: How constructive journalism enhances self-efficacy and news credibility

An informed electorate is vital for a well-functioning democracy. Yet many citizens intentionally avoid the news because it evokes negative feelings of disempowerment and distrust. This study (n = 270) investigated how social media exposure to a new journalistic approach, constructive journalism, influences news consumers. The results showed that constructive social media posts, as compared to negative posts, led to higher levels of positive affect, self-efficacy, and perceived news credibility. In line with the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, the effects on self-efficacy and news credibility were mediated by positive affect. A similar mediating role was found for negative affect, counter to the theoretical expectations. These findings shed new light on the broaden-and-build theory, suggesting parts of it generalize to the context of news exposure on social media. The findings also suggest that constructive journalism may be an effective way to mitigate some of the main drivers of news avoidance in the 21st century.
Civic Capital and the Vertical Integration of Service Provision: Evidence from Italy.

This paper studies whether civic capital acts an effective restraint against opportunistic behavior in transactions, looking at the degree of outsourcing to external suppliers of services in Italian firms. Our results show that, on average, firms tend to outsource more services where civic capital is higher. This effect is particularly strong for firms operating in industries where businesses can easily adjust the level of purchased services to their idiosyncratic needs. To address the issue of endogeneity we also instrument the current stock of civic capital by historical variables. We argue that the rise in the propensity to engage in transactions with outside service suppliers is evidence of a decrease in the opportunistic behavior between the parties involved in the transaction.
Public Perception of the Attitude of Drivers on Abuja Roads

The increasing prevalence of road traffic crashes and the involvement of high casualties are becoming a major public health concern which needs to be tackled urgently. This urgency is of particular importance in developing nations. To address the pressing challenge, there is a need to study the factors necessitating driver behaviour, hence the aim of the current study. The current study has two components: the first is to test the public’s perception of drivers’ attitudes in Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory, and the second is to assess common driving behaviours that have been identified as causes of crash. The study adopted the cross-sectional design with the study area purposively selected and questionnaires were distributed randomly to eighty (80) participants in the Municipal Area Council of the FCT. Results indicating respondents’ perception of drivers’ attitude showed that 38.8% of drivers are mostly reckless, 27.5% are inpatient, 10% are indecent, 2.5% are aggressive. Participants indicated that these attitudes could come from driver’s aggression (76.3%). This study was able to identify rage as one of the key contributors to attitudinal adjustment in drivers, establishing a relation between driver attitude and road traffic accidents. Impatience, stress, incompetence, desperation, lack of discipline, and irritability were also recognized as important indications of driver overall attitudinal difficulties in the research area. It is recommended that intervention to improve emotional control be designed in order to essentially bring about a shift towards proper driving attitude. It can be stipulated that non-professional as well as professional drivers receive regular emotional management training as part of their license renewal program.
Investigation of the Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Membrane Damage of Human Neuroblastoma Cell Lineage (SH-SY5Y) and Change of Tau Protein Structure by Spectroscopic Methods

The use of nanoparticles in biological applications and cancer treatment has increased dramatically in the recent decade. Metal oxides of nanoparticles are among the most significant nanoparticles. Due to its suitable physical and chemical properties, zinc oxide is utilized in various fields, especially biomedicine and cancer treatment. This has raised a great deal of concern about the effects of nanoparticles on the body's biomolecules. The current study was set out to investigate zinc oxide nanoparticle's effects on neuroblastoma cells and their interaction with Tau protein. MTT and LDH tests were performed according to the instructions to evaluate the toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles on human neuroblastoma cells. Afterward, UV spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy were performed according to the guidelines to investigate the interaction of zinc oxide nanoparticles with Tau protein. The results of the MTT assay showed a decrease in the survival rate of human neuroblastoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. The results of the Lactate dehydrogenase evaluation indicated an increase in LDH enzyme leakage from human neuroblastoma cells. Furthermore, zinc oxide nanoparticles form complexes with Tau-P through spontaneous and electrostatic interactions. The interaction of zinc oxide nanoparticles with Tau-P caused the accumulation of this protein and showed a significant change in the Tau-P structure. CD spectroscopy results showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles changed the α-helix and β-sheet structure of the Tau protein. Besides, the results of the Stern-Volmer equation revealed that the type of interaction of zinc nanoparticles with Tau-P is static quenching interaction. In summary, these results demonstrated the safety aspect of zinc oxide nanoparticles in proteins and natural cells and their biological applications, which emphasizes further investigation on zinc oxide nanoparticles usage. Zinc oxide nanoparticles can manipulate the structure of Tau-P that can lead to Alzheimer's disease. Consequently, more studies on the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles are required.
Intellectual Capital Disclosures in Japanese IPO Prospectuses April 2008

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Association of trace elements and dissolution rates of soil iron oxides

In this study, nine Oxisols and five Ultisols from Thailand were used to determine the association of major and trace elements with iron (Fe) oxides. The Fe oxides were concentrated and the association of elements (Al, Ca, Cu, Cr, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb,P, Si,V, Ti, Zn) withFe was evaluatedusing batch dissolutionin 1 MHCl at 208C. Thedissolution behaviour of Fe oxide concentrates was determined using batch dissolution and flow-through reactors. In addition to Fe, both Al and Ti were present in significant amounts in the Fe oxide concentrates. Manganese was the most abundant trace element, and Cu, Zn, Pb and As concentrations were <250mgkg -1 in most samples. The dissolution behaviour of Fe-oxide concentrates indicated that Al, Cr and V were mostly substituted for Fe 3+ in the structure of goethite and hematite. A significant proportion of Mn, Ni, Co, Pb and Si was also present within the structure of these minerals. Some Mg, Cu, Zn, Ti and Ca was also associated with Fe oxides. The dissolution kinetics of Fe oxide concentrates was well described by three models, i.e. the cube root law, Avrami-Erofejev equation and Kabai equation, with the dissolution rate constants (10 3 k) corresponding to the three models ranging from 0.44 to 6.11h -1 , from 1.01 to 4.40h -1 and from 0.03 to 4.12h -1 , respectively. The k constants of Fe oxide concentrates in this study were significantly and negatively correlated with the mean crystal dimension derived from (110) and (104) of hematite, the dominant mineral in most samples. The steady-state dissolution rate of a soil Fe-oxide concentrate (sample Kk) was substantially higher than for synthetic goethite under highly acidic conditions; this is possibly due to the greater specific surface area of sample Kk than the synthetic goethite. Additionalkeywords:aciddissolution,batchmethod,Fe oxideconcentrate, non-stirred flowthroughreactormethod,total element concentration, tropical red soils.
The determinants of consumer trust in the banking industry in Zimbabwe

The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of customer trust in the Zimbabwean banks. The study determines the effect of bank competence, bank integrity, benevolence, structural assurance and service recovery on customer trust. The data were collected by self-administered questionnaires and analyzed by correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that benevolence, structural assurance, and service recovery exhibit a statistically significant influence on customer loyalty in the context of Zimbabwean banks. By contrast, bank competence and integrity have an insignificant effect on customersâ€™ trust. The study concludes that in the context of Zimbabwean banks, in order to influence customer loyalty, banks need to invest in service recovery programs, display benevolent character and assure customers of quality service.