Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Margin‐Wide Rupture Behaviors Along the Cascadia Megathrust With 3‐D Dynamic Rupture Simulations

From California to British Columbia, the Pacific Northwest coast bears an omnipresent earthquake and tsunami hazard from the Cascadia subduction zone. Multiple lines of evidence suggests that magnitude eight and greater megathrust earthquakes have occurred ‐ the most recent being 321 years ago (i.e., 1700 A.D.). Outstanding questions for the next great megathrust event include where it will initiate, what conditions are favorable for rupture to span the convergent margin, and how much slip may be expected. We develop the first 3‐D fully dynamic rupture simulations for the Cascadia subduction zone that are driven by fault stress, strength and friction to address these questions. The initial dynamic stress drop distribution in our simulations is constrained by geodetic coupling models, with segment locations taken from geologic analyses. We document the sensitivity of nucleation location and stress drop to the final seismic moment and coseismic subsidence amplitudes. We find that the final earthquake size strongly depends on the amount of slip deficit in the central Cascadia region, which is inferred to be creeping interseismically, for a given initiation location in southern or northern Cascadia. Several simulations are also presented here that can closely approximate recorded coastal subsidence from the 1700 A.D. event without invoking localized high‐stress asperities along the down‐dip locked region of the megathrust. These results can be used to inform earthquake and tsunami hazards for not only Cascadia, but other subduction zones that have limited seismic observations but a wealth of geodetic inference.
A Survey on Popular Human Factors in Agile Environment

Various studies have proven that human is the biggest challenge in the process of transitioning to agile. Culture and mindset are two critical elements of human factors causing issues in agile environment. This study involved thirty-two (32) agile practitioners from nineteen (19) country to validate the issues from human factors. The purpose of the study is to discover human factors that required more attention and factors that give a low impact on the agile environment. Furthermore, this paper presents research analysis on some of popular human factors such as collaboration, hierarchy, communication and other critical factors which company may face. The results of this analysis can be used as a guide for IT organization to consider the critical challenges they may encounter.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROWTH AND EXPENDITURE: AN EXAMINATION OF WAGNER’S LAW IN NIGERIA

The study fits Wagner’s law by examining its applicability to the Nigerian economy. Three variables were considered in the study, these include GDP, government expenditure and inflation. All the three series were subjected to both linear and nonlinear unit root testing procedure, which established the existence of long run relationships among the variables. A Granger causality reveals a bi-directional causal relationships between GDP and expenditure. The impact relationship among the variables was examined through a regression model which reveals a positive and significant relationship between the series, which implies that increase in economic activity will increase government spending, thus the study concludes in favor of applicability of Wagner’s law to the Nigerian Economy. 1.0 INTRODUCTION Governments in the developing world serve as economic parents of its citizenry as a result of dearth of infrastructures for the private sector to thrive. Government increasing spending is now the new reality for even the staunchest capitalists of the west. Shocksafter-shocks, Pandemics, demand for new infrastructures as a result of changing technology, higher population, subsidy payments, bailouts of some reckless yet important sector of the economy is now necessary; to avoid total collapse or shutdown and to avoid economic meltdown/recession. The great depression of the 1930s in the US that gave birth to the Keynesian postulation of greater need for government intervention has left a delineation mark. Of recent, the 2008 global financial crisis and of very recent the corona virus pandemic where there has been total shut down in many countries of the world, raised more questions about “The Invisible Hands” of the classical, hence need for increased government spending. Wagner’s law is a principle named after the German economist Adolph Wagner (1835–1917). He first observed it for his own country and then for other countries. The theory holds that for any country, that public expenditure rises constantly as income growth expands. The law predicts that the development of an industrial economy will be accompanied by an increased share of public expenditure in gross national product . According to Musgrave and Musgrave (1989), Wagner distinguished three main reasons why government expenditure should increase: first; there is a sociopolitical reason because of an increase in state functions over time, for example for retirement, insurance, and natural disaster aid. The second reason EPRA International Journal of Economic Growth and Environmental IssuesPeer Reviewed Journal
New Insights of SF1 Neurons in Hypothalamic Regulation of Obesity and Diabetes

Despite the substantial role played by the hypothalamus in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis, the exact mechanisms and neuronal circuits underlying this regulation remain poorly understood. In the last 15 years, investigations using transgenic models, optogenetic, and chemogenetic approaches have revealed that SF1 neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus are a specific lead in the brain’s ability to sense glucose levels and conduct insulin and leptin signaling in energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis, with minor feeding control. Deletion of hormonal receptors, nutritional sensors, or synaptic receptors in SF1 neurons triggers metabolic alterations mostly appreciated under high-fat feeding, indicating that SF1 neurons are particularly important for metabolic adaptation in the early stages of obesity. Although these studies have provided exciting insight into the implications of hypothalamic SF1 neurons on whole-body energy homeostasis, new questions have arisen from these results. Particularly, the existence of neuronal sub-populations of SF1 neurons and the intricate neurocircuitry linking these neurons with other nuclei and with the periphery. In this review, we address the most relevant studies carried out in SF1 neurons to date, to provide a global view of the central role played by these neurons in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes.
Towards standardized metrics for measuring takeover performance in conditionally automated driving: A systematic review

A particular concern with SAE Level 3 automated vehicles is the takeover transition from the automated vehicle to the driver. Prior research has employed a wide range of metrics for measuring takeover performance. However, the lack of a set of standard metrics for measuring takeover performance makes it difficult to consolidate findings and summarize the influence of different factors. This article presents a review of the metrics employed in empirical literature examining takeover transitions in Level 3 automated driving and proposes a framework for standardizing the objective takeover performance metrics.
OAJSM_A_246414 93..103

Liana J Tedesco 1 Hasani W Swindell Forrest L Anderson Eugene Jang 1 Tony T Wong Jonathan K Kazam R Kumar Kadiyala Charles A Popkin 1 1Center for Shoulder, Elbow and Sports Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; 2Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA; 3Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Abstract: Ice hockey continues to be a popular, fast-paced, contact sport enjoyed internationally. Due to the physicality of the game, players are at a higher risk of injury. In the 2010 Winter Olympics, men’s ice hockey had the highest injury rate compared to any other sport. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of evaluation and management strategies of common hand, wrist, and elbow injuries in ice hockey players. Future reseach focusing on the incidence and outcomes of these hand, wrist and elbow injuries in ice hockey players is warranted.
OP-ANNO180147 143..165

Division of Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa; Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa; Bruyère Continuing Care, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Palliative Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin; St Francis Hospice, Dublin; School of Medicine, University College, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Palliative Medicine, University of Navarra Hospital, Pamplona; Palliative Medicine Group, Oncology Area, Navarra Institute for Health Research IdiSNA, Pamplona; ATLANTES Research Program, Institute for Culture and Society (ICS), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Division of Thoracic Oncology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York; Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK; Department of Rehabilitation, Aged Care Unit, Ancelle Hospital, Cremona, Italy; MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at University College London, London, UK; Internal Medicine and Geriatric Department, APHP, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Créteil; University Paris Est (UPE), UPEC A-TVB DHU, CEpiA (Clinical Epidemiology and Aging) Unit EA 7376, Créteil, France; Let’s Respect, London, UK; Faculty of Nursing, Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Department of Onco-Haematology Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
EFFECT OF BEHAVIOURAL REHEARSAL IN REDUCING AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN GOMBE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF GOMBE STATE

This paper examined the effect of Behavioural Rehearsal Technique in reducing Aggressive behaviour among secondary school students in Gombe State. Two research questions were posed and two hypotheses were tested at 0.05alpha levels. The study was carried out using quasi-experimental research design of pre-test, post-test and control non randomised group. The Experimental group was treated using Behavioural Rehearsal (BR) for eight weeks while the control group was treated with conventional counselling for the same period of eight weeks. The population of students with aggressive behaviour was 245 in Gombe Local Government of Gombe State. A sample of 81 students with very high aggressive behaviour was selected from three schools through purposive sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) which was developed and validated by Buss and Perry in 1992, but was revalidated in Nigeria. The reliability coefficient of 0.80 as reported by Onukwufor (2013) was adopted for this study. Data was collected and subjected to analysis. Data relating to research questions were answered using statistical mean while data relating to hypotheses were tested using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Findings from the study revealed that among others that Behavioural Rehearsal Technique was effective in reducing secondary school students’ aggressive behaviour. The findings further revealed among others that the difference in the effectiveness of behavioural rehearsal technique in reducing aggressive behaviour of secondary school students is significant. Based on the findings, it was recommended that behavioural rehearsal technique is an effective therapeutic technique for modifying the aggressive behaviour of secondary school students. The practicing counsellors and therapist should adopt the use of the technique in counselling and in administering therapy on aggressive behaviour of secondary school students to treat and modify their aggressive behaviour. BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY In Nigeria and all over the world, school institutions remain a preparatory ground to empower and certify the requirement for human development; however, the reality is that only few students can harmoniously blend with their school mates without experiencing aggressive behaviour towards them in the school. In Gombe State, some secondary school students have aggressive behaviour; this act could have a significant impact on them, affecting their mental health, academic achievement and overall socialization and adaptation. No matter the reasons that may be adduced for this maladaptive behaviour, it is a social menace that should not be tolerated in any sphere of life. It is therefore imperative that appropriate steps should be taken urgently and decisively to stem the menace of aggressive behaviour by secondary school students. Secondary school students tend to feel less safe and unsatisfied with school life in a school
Ringed Seal Diet and Body Condition in the Amundsen Gulf region, Eastern Beaufort Sea

Diet from stomach contents and body condition from morphometric measurements were obtained for 169 (108 stomachs analysed) ringed seals (Pusa hispida) for the Amundsen Gulf region in the western Canadian Arctic from 2015 to 2018. Sampling was from subsistence-harvested seals from the three communities of Paulatuk (spring, summer, and autumn), Sachs Harbour (summer), and Ulukhaktok (winter), Northwest Territories. Stomach contents were separated through sieves and by hand, and taxa identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible and weighed. Stomachs were fullest (by weight and prey count) in the autumn, which suggests that foraging was most intense and successful at that time. A total of 93 prey taxa, including 17 fish and 76 invertebrate species were identified. Several fish and invertebrate species were regularly found together, the most common being Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida), sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus), capelin (Mallotus villosus), and hyperiid amphipods (Themisto spp.). Condition measurements inferred from blubber thickness, although showing considerable variation among sites and years, had a seasonal relationship with maximal depth during the autumn and winter. Overall, the diet of ringed seals in Amundsen Gulf was broadly similar to those reported from other areas while also indicating some degree of regional specificity. When compared to the diet of ringed seals in the same area in the 1980s, the results presented here were more diverse, with new or increased numbers of subarctic species (e.g., saffron cod, Eleginus gracilis) found in the samples. This finding is a likely consequence of climate warming, as increasing numbers of subarctic species move north with warming ocean temperatures in the Arctic.
Sentiment Analysis for Fake News Detection

In recent years, we have witnessed a rise in fake news, i.e., provably false pieces of information created with the intention of deception. The dissemination of this type of news poses a serious threat to cohesion and social well-being, since it fosters political polarization and the distrust of people with respect to their leaders. The huge amount of news that is disseminated through social media makes manual verification unfeasible, which has promoted the design and implementation of automatic systems for fake news detection. The creators of fake news use various stylistic tricks to promote the success of their creations, with one of them being to excite the sentiments of the recipients. This has led to sentiment analysis, the part of text analytics in charge of determining the polarity and strength of sentiments expressed in a text, to be used in fake news detection approaches, either as a basis of the system or as a complementary element. In this article, we study the different uses of sentiment analysis in the detection of fake news, with a discussion of the most relevant elements and shortcomings, and the requirements that should be met in the near future, such as multilingualism, explainability, mitigation of biases, or treatment of multimedia elements.
EFL Learners’ Use of the Modals and Quasi-Modals of Obligation and Necessity

This study examines the use of the modals and quasi-modals of obligation and necessity, which involves the layering of must, should, have (got) to, got to, and need to in a corpus of cross-cultural communication between EFL learners. The study compares the EFL learners’ corpus with a sub-corpus of ICE-GB in terms of token counts and semantic/functional distributions because International Corpus of Standard varieties of English serves as common reference points for international comparison of varieties of English. The results showed that must, should, and have to were the main players in both the corpus of EFL learners and that of native speakers. However, some discrepancy exists between EFL learners’ corpus and the native speakers’ corpus in the use of the modals and quasi-modals of obligation and necessity. Compared to the corpus of native speakers, the corpus of EFL learners was distinctively different in the relative unpopularity of have to and in the comparative popularity of must particularly for root meaning. Suggestions were made for using computer corpora in understanding EFL learners’ language use. And pedagogical implications were made for teaching English modality considering the current usage of the modals and quasi-modals in Standard varieties of English and helping the students develop pragmatic competence.
The Impact of Chronic Heart Failure on Retinal Vessel Density Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Children with Dilated Cardiomyopathy

(1) Introduction: The aim of this study is to assess retinal vessel density (VD) in the superficial capillary plexus layer (SP) and deep capillary plexus layer (DP) in children with chronic heart failure (CHF) in the course of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). (2) Methods: Thirty children with CHF due to DCM lasting more than six months, with an enlarged left ventricle and impaired left ventricular systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 55%), were enrolled to have both their eyes assessed for this study. Mean age of the children was 9.9 ± 3.57 years. The control group consisted of an additional 30 children without CHF (mean age 11.27 ± 3.33 years) matched for age and gender against the study group. All participants underwent transthoracic echocardiography to measure LVEF using Simpson method. Blood serum was tested for N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) marker value. All children underwent OCTA with evaluation of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), whole superficial vessel density (wsVD), foveal superficial vessel density (fsVD), parafoveal superficial vessel density (psVD), whole deep vessel density (wdVD), foveal deep vessel density (fdVD), parafoveal deep vessel density (pdVD), whole thickness (WT), foveal thickness (FT), and parafoveal thickness (PFT). (3) Results: Retinal VD in SP was significantly lower in children with CHF as compared to the controls. The following SP parameters in the study group were statistically significantly lower than these same measurements for the control group. Details, with study group findings quantified first, include wsVD (46.2% vs. 49.83%, p < 0.05), fsVD (18.07% vs. 24.15%, p < 0.05), and psVD (49.24% vs. 52.51%, p < 0.05). The WT (311.03 micrometers (μm) vs. 323.55 μm, p < 0.05), FT (244.57 μm vs. 256.98 μm, p < 0.05), and PFT (320.63 μm vs. 332.02 μm, p < 0.05). No significant differences in DP retinal VD were found between the two groups. No statistically significant differences in the FAZ were found. The fsVD and FT were correlated with biometry and the age of the study participants. There was a correlation between FAZ and FT (p < 0.001). There were no correlations between retinal VD in both plexuses and refractive error, sex, NT-proBNP, and LVEF. (4) Conclusions: In children with CHF in the course of DCM as compared to the control group, significantly decreased retinal VD in SP was observed. The results of our study indicate that measurements of the OCTA may be a useful diagnostic method in children with chronic heart failure, but it is necessary to conduct further studies in larger groups of participants and long-term observation of these patients.
ADBI Working Paper Series ARE COASTAL PROTECTIVE HARD STRUCTURES STILL APPLICABLE WITH RESPECT TO SHORELINE CHANGES IN SRI LANKA?

Monitoring the changes in coastlines is an important matter and has been the subject of great concern in recent years. The Western and North-Western provincial coasts of Sri Lanka are economically significant and have a highly dynamic nature. This study used satellite images from the Google Earth platform to analyze the changes occurring in the coastal zone during the period between 2005 and 2019 on the Western and North-Western provincial coasts of Sri Lanka. The results revealed that the average coastal erosion rates are –1.21±0.04 m yr-1 in Kalutara, –0.54±0.63 m yr-1 in Colombo, and –0.7±0.58 m yr-1 in Gampaha district. Puttalam district showed a 0.26±0.07 m yr-1 average accretion rate, while the highest accretion rate (0.95 ± 0.58 m yr-1) was evident in the coastal region of Wilpattu National Park, an area that has few anthropogenic interventions. The application of hard structures to mitigate the effect of coastal erosion has increased within the past 15 years. At the end of 2019, the country mainly used revetments up to 23,554 m in length (occupying 9.05% of the total study area), consisting of 18,960 m in the Western province (7.29%) and 4,594 m in the North-Western province (1.76%). The Western province has applied more hard structures at a higher rate than the North-Western province due to mega-development projects. Overall, anthropogenic activities are affecting coastal erosion in that area more than natural or global scenarios, and the applied hard structures have little capability to control erosion.
CMC in English Language Learning: Gains and Losses

This paper aims to address the gains and losses of the CMC environment in Language learning. Data were attained from twelve middle school ESL students who took English as a second language class and twelve pre-service teachers taking ESL foundation course. This exploration describes the role of CMC focusing on its’ advantages and disadvantages which language teachers need to consider. The findings revealed that the teachers, tasks, and other elements involved in the CMC environment provided several gains and losses for many areas of learning. This implies that CMC alone does not provide an optimal learning environment, but rather it is used as an essential tool in providing opportunities to enhance language learning. Several suggestions are made for teachers and pre-service teacher education how CMC instruction might be better designed. The paper concludes with some practical considerations for future research in the area of CMC.
On the Experimental Transferability of Spectral Graph Convolutional Networks

Spectral Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) are generalisations of standard convolutional for graph-structured data using the Laplacian operator. Recent work [26] has shown that spectral GCNs have an intrinsic transferability. This work veriﬁes this by studying the experimental transferability of spectral GCNs for a particular family of spectral graph networks using Chebyshev polynomials. This work introduces two contributions. First, numerical experiments exhibit good performances on two graph benchmarks [13] [19], on tasks involving batches of graphs, namely graph regression, graph classiﬁcation and node classiﬁcation problems. Secondly we study a form of data augmentation through structural edge dropout showing performance improvements for GCNs. This work contributes to open research with public implementations of all experiments, enabling full reproducibility.