Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Octopus Trap of Takotsubo and Stroke: Genetics, Biomarkers and Clinical Management

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is a reversible cardiomyopathy mimicking an acute coronary syndrome, usually observed in response to acute stress situations. The association between acute ischemic stroke and TC is already known, since it has been previously reported that ischemic stroke can be both a consequence and a potential cause of TC. However, the precise pathophysiological mechanism linking the two conditions is still poorly understood. The aim of our review is to expand insights regarding the genetic susceptibility and available specific biomarkers of TC and to investigate the clinical profile and outcomes of patients with TC and stroke. Since evidence and trials on TC and stroke are currently lacking, this paper aims to fill a substantial gap in the literature about the relationship between these pathologies.
Regression Analysis between the Different Breast Dose Quantities Reported in Digital Mammography and Patient Age, Breast Thickness, and Acquisition Parameters

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Screening mammography is considered the primary imaging modality for the early detection of breast cancer. The radiation dose from mammography increases the patients’ risk of radiation-induced cancer. The mean glandular dose (MGD), or the average glandular dose (AGD), provides an estimate of the absorbed dose of radiation by the glandular tissues of a breast. In this paper, MGD is estimated for the craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral–oblique (MLO) views using entrance skin dose (ESD), X-ray spectrum information, patient age, breast glandularity, and breast thickness. Moreover, a regression analysis is performed to evaluate the impact of mammography acquisition parameters, age, and breast thickness on the estimated MGD and other machine-produced dose quantities, namely, ESD and organ dose (OD). Furthermore, a correlation study is conducted to evaluate the correlation between the ESD and OD, and the estimated MGD per image view. This retrospective study was applied to a dataset of 2035 mammograms corresponding to a cohort of 486 subjects with an age range of 28–86 years who underwent screening mammography examinations. Linear regression metrics were calculated to evaluate the strength of the correlations. The mean (and range) MGD for the CC view was 0.832 (0.110–3.491) mGy and for the MLO view was 0.995 (0.256–2.949) mGy. All the mammography dose quantities strongly correlated with tube exposure (mAs): ESD (R2 = 0.938 for the CC view and R2 = 0.945 for the MLO view), OD (R2 = 0.969 for the CC view and R2 = 0.983 for the MLO view), and MGD (R2 = 0.980 for the CC view and R2 = 0.972 for the MLO view). Breast thickness showed a better correlation with all the mammography dose quantities than patient age, which showed a poor correlation. Moreover, a strong correlation was found between the calculated MGD and both the ESD (R2 = 0.929 for the CC view and R2 = 0.914 for the MLO view) and OD (R2 = 0.971 for the CC view and R2 = 0.972 for the MLO view). Furthermore, it was found that the MLO scan views yield a slightly higher dose compared to CC scan views. It was also found that the glandular absorbed dose is more dependent on glandularity than size. Despite being more reflective of the dose absorbed by the glandular tissue than OD and ESD, MGD is considered labor-intensive and time-consuming to estimate.
Rare Causes of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a spectrum of clinical and paraclinical disorders arising from an imbalance of oxygen demand and supply to the myocardium. The most common cause is atherosclerosis; however, other rare causes such as carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning should be considered. Through tissue hypoxia and direct cell injury, CO poisoning can lead to a broad spectrum of cardiac disorders, especially ACS. Materials and Methods. We have conducted a retrospective study in the Toxicology Department of Saint Spiridon Emergency University Hospital, including all patients admitted through the emergency department with CO poisoning. We divided the cohort into event group (myocardial injury) and non-event group (patients without myocardial injury) and performed a subset analysis of the former. Results. A total of 65 patients were included, 22 in the event and 43 in the non-event group. The severity of poisoning did not correlate with myocardial injury; however, 50% of the event group had severe poisoning with carboxyhaemoglobin ≥ 20%. Cardiac enzyme markers (troponin and creatin-kinase MB) had a statistically significant increase in the event group compared to the non-event group (p < 0.05). Most of the patients in the STEMI (50%) and NSTEMI (66.7%) groups had severe CO intoxication. The STEMI group had a mean age of 27.7 years old and no comorbidities. Conclusions. Myocardial injury can develop in CO poisoning irrespective of the severity of poisoning, and it can be transient, reversible, or permanent. Our study introduces new information on adverse cardiac events in patients with CO poisoning, focusing on the ACS. We found that the severity of CO poisoning plays an important role in developing myocardial injury, as 50% of patients in the event group were severely intoxicated. While in-hospital mortality in our study was low, further prospective studies should investigate the long-term mortality in these patients.
Characteristics of type III bursts in the solar wind from simultaneous observations on board ISEE-3 and Voyager

The properties of solar type III bursts observed aboard ISEE-3 and Voyager that originate behind the sun are analyzed and compared to those originating on the near side. The measurement of the burst parameters and the correction for proximity effects are described. The diminution of flux densities, the increase of source sizes, the difference of source azimuths and elevations, the change of spectral properties, and the anomalous delays in burst arrival time at one spacecraft relative to another are determined. Many of the observations imply that the beaming of type III radiation is much more widespread at all frequencies than has been derived from statistical studies. The effective beam appears to consist of at least two components: a Gaussian core of half width about 60 deg, and a very broad halo that extends to 180 deg with an amplitude of a few percent.
The morphology and incidence of the accessory foramen transversarium in human dried cervical vertebrae as well as their clinical significance in the Eastern Indian population

Background: A characteristic feature of the cervical vertebrae (C1–C7) is the presence of a foramen tranversarium on the transverse process. The cervical vertebrae are the smallest in size as compared to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and are characterized by a foramen in each transverse process, which is not found in any other vertebra. Except for the seventh cervical vertebra, which transmits only the vertebral vein, this foramen transmits the vertebral artery, vein, and sympathetic nerves (a branch from the cervicothoracic ganglion) in all cervical vertebrae. Any deviation in the development of the foramen transversarium (FT) causes changes in the course, relationships, and structure (stenosis and lumen narrowing) of the vertebral artery and its associated structures. Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to establish the location, shape, size, and incidence of accessory FT in dry humancervical vertebrae of Eastern Indian population. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 dry cervical vertebrae (Typical-123 and Atypical-47) of unknown sex and age after getting approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Range, frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and P value were calculated. P<0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The foramen tranversarium in the transverse process is present in all 170 cervical vertebrae examined. Of the 170 cervicalvertebrae, the accessory FT is found in 24 (14.12%) of the vertebrae. In both typical and atypical cervical vertebrae, the accessory FT is more common on the right side. On the axis vertebra, no accessory FT was found. Conclusion: Understanding the accessary FT and the considerable variation in different cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) in terms of their size, shape, and number of FT are essential for routine spine surgical procedures in the cervical region to avoid post-operative complications. This study is also important for the teaching and acknowledgement of undergraduate and postgraduate students in anatomy as well as in orthopedics, neurosurgery, and radiology departments.
Crystal symmetry of BiMnO3: Electron diffraction study

The crystal symmetry of $\mathrm{Bi}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ was investigated by convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). CBED, which was used in order to discriminate the crystal axes of $\mathrm{Bi}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ in this study, showed that $\mathrm{Bi}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ belongs to point group $2∕m$ with the $c$-glide plane perpendicular to the $b$ axis, resulting in space group $C2∕c$. In the SAED patterns, however, the very weak but sharp $h0l$ $(l=2n+1)$ and broader $h0l$ $(h=2n+1)$ reflections were observed, indicating the noncentrosymmetric long-range (space group $C2$) and short-range ordered structures ($P2$ or $P{2}_{1}$), respectively. This implies that the weak reflections had quite little influence on the CBED patterns. By substituting Sc for Mn, the long-range ordered structure persisted up to $\mathrm{Bi}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{0.6}{\mathrm{Sc}}_{0.4}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ at $300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, but short-range ordered structure disappeared already in $\mathrm{Bi}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{0.9}{\mathrm{Sc}}_{0.1}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. In $\mathrm{Bi}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ at $673\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, the long-range ordered structure persisted while the short-range ordered structure disappeared. Both $h0l$ ($l=2n+1$ and $h=2n+1$) reflections could not be detected in structurally related $\mathrm{Bi}\mathrm{Sc}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{Bi}\mathrm{Cr}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ at $300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ indicating that they belong to centrosymmetric $C2∕c$. This strongly suggests that the noncentrosymmetric long-range ordered structure $(C2)$ of $\mathrm{Bi}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is attributed not only to ${\mathrm{Bi}}^{3+}$ ions with lone electron pair but also to ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}$ ions, that is, to correlation between ${\mathrm{Bi}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}$ ions. The results of this work are important for understanding multiferroic properties of $\mathrm{Bi}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$.
Genomic Characterization of International High-Risk Clone ST410 Escherichia coli Co-Harboring ESBL-Encoding Genes and blaNDM-5 on IncFIA/IncFIB/IncFII/IncQ1 Multireplicon Plasmid and Carrying a Chromosome-Borne blaCMY-2 from Egypt

The accelerated dispersion of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli due to the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) or AmpC enzymes has been noted in Egypt, presenting a serious treatment challenge. In this study, we investigate the prevalence of ESBLs and AmpC enzymes among 48 E. coli isolates collected from patients with urinary tract infections admitted to a teaching hospital in Alexandria. Phenotypic and genotypic methods of detection are conducted. Isolates producing both enzymes are tested for the mobilization of their genes by a broth mating experiment. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is performed for isolate EC13655. The results indicate that 80% of the isolates are MDR, among which 52% and 13% were ESBL and AmpC producers, respectively. Conjugation experiments fail to show the mobilization of blaCMY-2 in EC13655, which was chosen for WGS. In silico analysis reveals that the isolate belongs to a ST410-H24Rx high-risk clone. It coharbors the ESBL-encoding genes blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1 and blaNDM-5 on an IncFIA/IncFIB/IncFII/IncQ1 multireplicon plasmid. The chromosomal location of blaCMY-2 is detected with a flanking upstream copy of ISEcp1. This chromosomal integration of blaCMY-2 establishes the stable maintenance of the gene and thus, necessitates an imperative local surveillance to reduce further spread of such strains in different clinical settings.
A Comparative Simulation of Type I Error and Power of Four Tests of Homogeneity of Effects For Random- and Fixed-Effects Models of Meta-Analysis

vi Chapter One Introduction Background 1 Statement of the Problem 7 Purpose of the Study 8 Research Questions 9 Limitations 9 Definitions of Terms 10 Chapter Two Review of Literature Historical and Philosophical Evolution of Meta-analysis 13 Purpose of Homogeneity Tests 20 Introduction of Tests 22 Calculation Strategies Used to Augment Precision 23 Distinguishing Randomand Fixed-effects Models 35 Model Selection 38 Implications for Test Selection 46 Suggested Research 65 Summary 66 Chapter Three Method 68 Purpose 68 Design 69 Sample 78 Test Statistics Examined 80 Data Analysis 84 Chapter Four Results 86 Type I Error 87 Power 152 Discussion of Conditions with Both Adequate Type I Error Control and Power 182 Chapter Five Interpretations and Conclusions 185 Summary 185 Discussion 189 Limitations 195 Topics for Additional Research 196
Quercetin Attenuates Quinocetone-Induced Cell Apoptosis In Vitro by Activating the P38/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway and Inhibiting the ROS/Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway

Quinocetone (QCT), a member of the quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides (QdNOs) family, can cause genotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, however, the precise molecular mechanisms of QCT are unclear. This present study investigated the protective effect of quercetin on QCT-induced cytotoxicity and the underlying molecular mechanisms in human L02 and HepG2 cells. The results showed that quercetin treatment (at 7.5–30 μM) significantly improved QCT-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage in human L02 and HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, quercetin treatment at 30 μM significantly inhibited QCT-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in the expression of the CytC protein and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and an increase in caspases-9 and -3 activity, and finally improved cell apoptosis. Quercetin pretreatment promoted the expression of the phosphorylation of p38, Nrf2, and HO-1 proteins. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 significantly inhibited quercetin-mediated activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Consistently, pharmacological inhibitions of the Nrf2 or p38 pathways both promoted QCT-induced cytotoxicity and partly abolished the protective effects of quercetin. In conclusion, for the first time, our results reveal that quercetin could improve QCT-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis by activating the p38/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting the ROS/mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Our study highlights that quercetin may be a promising candidate for preventing QdNOs-induced cytotoxicity in humans or animals.
The spiritual experience of Chinese Muslim minorities post-1998 reformation: A study of Chinese Muslims becoming Indonesians

This article describes a new method of viewing a historical phenomenon based on its social significance. This method enabled the classification and analysis of a group in a context simultaneously and chronologically. Using historical phenomenology, the authors found a polarisation of Chinese Muslims’ thoughts and practices in the Indonesian context. As an example, the technique of classification of Islamic thoughts is illustrated to discover Chinese Muslim figures’ religious activities. This method allows an improved social investigation to probe deeply into Chinese Muslims’ formal religious life. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the new method is confirmed by the calculation of the polarisation of Chinese Muslim religiousness, leading to the fragmentation and diversification of Indonesian Chinese Muslims in the realms of politics, economic practices or Islamic rituals. New research results improve the understanding of how a social history of an ethnicity could grow and assimilate in a context. The assimilation could contribute to religious harmony in such a pluralistic country such as Indonesia and can be used for making better social decisions, especially related to the lives of minorities, who urgently need policymakers and stakeholders to accommodate the rights of those who are still in the process of gaining fairer recognition.Contribution: Using historical phenomenology, this article tries to classify and study a group in a setting concurrently and chronologically. An in-depth social inquiry into the formal religious life of Chinese Muslims discovered a calculation of religious Chinese Muslims’ polarisation, which led to the dispersion and diversification of Indonesian Chinese Muslims’ politics, economic practices and Islamic rituals. New policy proposals can be made by evaluating religious polarisation.
TheWeb of Power: How Elite Networks ShapedWar and China∗

Scholars have argued that powerful individuals can influence the path of a nation’s development. Yet, the process through which individuals affect macro-level political economy outcomes remains unclear. This study uses the deadliest civil war in history, the Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864), to elucidate how one individual—Zeng Guofan—employed his personal elite networks to organize an army that suppressed the rebellion, and how these networks affected the nation’s power distribution. Two findings stand out: (i) counties with more elites in Zeng’s pre-war networks experienced more soldier deaths after he took power; and (ii) post-war political power shifted significantly toward the home counties of these very elites, which created a less balanced national-level power distribution. Our findings highlight the role of elite networks that propagate individual-level influences to shape national politics and the distribution of power in a society. ∗We thank Nathan Nunn, Andrei Shleifer, anonymous referees, Sam Bazzi, Eli Berman, Felipe Valencia Caicedo, Filipe Campante, Jeremiah Dittmar, Quoc-Anh Do, Harris Doshay, James Fenske, James Fearon, Camilo Garcia-Jimeno, Avner Greif, Leander Heldring, Matt Jackson, Micah Muscolino, Barry Naughton, Giacomo Ponzetto, Nancy Qian, Pavithra Suryanarayan, Jesse Shapiro, Joachim Voth, Noam Yuchtman and conference/seminar participants at APSA, Case Western Reserve, Fed Chicago, LSE, Michigan, NBER Summer Institute, NYU, Oxford, Stanford, UCSD, UQAM-Université Laval and Virtual Economic History Seminar for their comments. †Department of Economics, Chinese University of Hong Kong; ybai@cuhk.edu.hk ‡UCSD and LSE, CEPR and NBER; rxjia@ucsd.edu. §Department of Economics, Chinese University of Hong Kong; 1155133785@link.cuhk.edu.hk
Asymptotic invariants of infinite discrete groups

Asymptotic cones. A finitely generated group has a word metric, which one can scale and thereby view the group from increasingly distant vantage points. The group coalesces to an " asymptotic cone" in the limit (this is made precise using techniques of non-standard analysis). The reward is that in place of the discrete group one has a continuous object "that is amenable to attack by geometric ( e.g. topological, infinitesimal) machinery" (to quote Gromov). We give coarse geometric conditions for a metric space X to have N -connected asymptotic cones. These conditions are expressed in terms of certain filling functions concerning filling N -spheres in an appropriately coarse sense. We interpret the criteria in the case where X is a finitely generated group Γ with a word metric. This leads to upper bounds on filling functions for groups with simply connected cones -- in particular they have linearly bounded filling length functions. We prove that if all the asymptotic cones of Γ are N -connected then Γ is of type F N +1 and we provide N -th order isoperimetric and isodiametric functions. Also we show that the asymptotic cones of a virtually polycyclic group Γ are all contractible if and only if Γ is virtually nilpotent. Combable groups and almost-convex groups. A combing of a finitely generated group Γ is a normal form; that is a choice of word (a combing line ) for each group element that satisfies a geometric constraint: nearby group elements have combing lines that fellow travel . An almost-convexity condition concerns the geometry of closed balls in the Cayley graph for Γ. We show that even the most mild combability or almost-convexity restrictions on a finitely presented group already force surprisingly strong constraints on the geometry of its word problem. In both cases we obtain an n ! isoperimetric function, and upper bounds of ~ n 2 on both the minimal isodiametric function and the filling length function.
Heat-Killed Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris H61 Altered the Iron Status of Young Women: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Comparative Study

Women are prone to iron deficiency because of increased iron excretion associated with menstruation. This is often treated by oral iron supplementation, although this treatment can cause side effects, such as stomach pain and nausea, with low absorption of ingested iron. Previously, a significant increase in serum iron was observed in association with the consumption of foods containing Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris H61 (H61). However, the causal relationship between H61 ingestion and elevated serum iron is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the effects of H61 ingestion on the iron status of young women. Healthy young Japanese women (18–25 years of age) ingested either heat-killed H61 or placebo for 4 weeks. Serum iron, transferrin saturation, and ferritin were significantly elevated in the H61 group but remained unchanged in the placebo group. Compared to before the intervention, iron intake remained unchanged during the intervention period, so the change in the iron status of the H61 group was not due to increased iron intake. These results suggest that heat-killed H61 may elevate iron status by enhancing iron absorption.