Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional value of distillers dried grains with solubles from corn and sorghum and xylanase in diets for pigs

ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the digestibility and energy of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from corn and sorghum with or without xylanase enzyme in diets for pigs. The values of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), gross (GE), digestible (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and digestibility coefficients (DC) were determined. In the experiment 1, we used eight barrows of 26.15±3.45 kg with repeated measures [. ]
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF ISOLATES OF Colletotrichum spp. IN BANANA

ABSTRACT Colletotrichum spp. is a pathogenic fungus of great importance in banana cultivation since it affects the fruit both in the field and in the post-harvest period, depreciating its commercial value. Although this disease is widely distributed in regions of banana cultivation, the different levels of aggression suggest the existence of genetic variability among Colletotrichum spp. isolates. The objective of the present study was therefore to verify the genetic diversity of Colletotrichum spp. in banana fruits presenting anthracnose symptoms using both molecular marker ISSR and morphological characterization. We obtained 30 isolates of the fungus from banana fruits from different states of Brazil and performed molecular characterization with five primers using the ISSR-PCR technique. The results were used to construct a dendrogram, relating the isolates according to their genetic proximity. The morphocultural characterization was performed by analyzing colony coloration and growth rate. These methods allowed us to reveal genetic and morphocultural variability among isolates.
Regeneration of Quercus spp. along interactive forest boundaries in a fragmented peri-urban landscape of Mexico City

Summary Biodiversity conservation in forest fragments surrounded by a low-quality matrix requires an understanding of how ecological conditions prevailing in the matrix enter the fragments and interact with local habitat conditions. We assessed the regeneration of oak species along edge–interior gradients in forest fragments at the periphery of Mexico City. The abundance of oak saplings was sampled along transects to the forest, while the edge effect was analysed using segmented zero-inflated Poisson models for abundance data. Three oak species were dominant in terms of their relative abundances: Quercus laeta, Quercus castanea and Quercus obtusata. Regeneration of nine oak species responded nonlinearly to the edge distance, with greater sapling abundance from the edge up to 10 m into the fragment. Canopy cover and tree height decreased from edge to fragment interior, while saplings increased in open areas within the fragments (i.e., independent of edge distance). A posterior analysis indicated that Q. obtusata reacted positively to edges. These results indicate that oak regeneration is promoted by suitable habitat conditions near the boundaries. Therefore, we suggest that forest management should focus on promoting seed production and oak establishment in forest interior habitats.
Economic appreciation in Nigella sativa L. via effective weed management strategies

Nigella sativa L. is an annual herbaceous seed spice crop belonging to the family Ranunculaceae. It is widely cultivated throughout South Europe, Syria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Pakistan, India and Turkey. The nigella seeds are also known as black cumin. It has been used as herbal medicine for more than 2000 years. As seed spice, it is also used as food additive and flavour in many countries. Considering its economic and medicinal importance a field experiment was conducted during rabi crop season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 at ICAR NRCSS research farm, Ajmer (Rajasthan), India to evaluate suitable and economical methods of weed management & its effect on yield attributes of nigella. The experiment was laid in randomized block design with 10 treatments including control and three replications each. Results of the two year data revealed that after weed free treatments (T 1 ) the highest yield attributes like maximum number of siliqua plant (17.67), number of seeds siliqua (83.83) and test weight (1.88 g) as well as seed yield (8.81 q ha) and straw yield (23.10 q ha) were recorded with the preemergence application of oxadiargyl @ 75 g + one hand weeding at 45 DAS (T 2 ), followed by post emergence (Pt.E) application of oxadiargyl @ 75 g at 20 DAS + one hand weeding at 50 DAS (T 4 ). The lowest values of yield attributes and yields were recorded in weedy check (T 4 ). The highest gross returns and net returns per ha was obtained in weed free treatment (T 1 ) followed by effective weed control with oxadiargyl (T 2 ) after sowing, the highest B: C ratio (2.62) was recorded with pre-emergence application of
When does habitat fragmentation matter? A biome‐wide analysis of small mammals in the Atlantic Forest

While habitat loss is a primary driver of biodiversity declines worldwide, the role of habitat fragmentation per se is inconclusive, but likely depends on the amount of habitat left in a landscape. Here we aimed to tease apart the effects of habitat amount (percentage of native cover) and a fragmentation metric (number of fragments) on species richness and total abundance.
The relationship between gene polymorphisms of coagulation factors II, V and XI and risk of recurrent pregnancy loss in Palestine

This retrospective case-control study was carried out in order to investigate the association between Factor II (G20210A), Factor V (G1691A, H1299R, Y1702C) and Factor XI (rs3756008 A>T) gene polymorphisms and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in a group of Palestinian women residing in Gaza strip. A total of 400 females, 200 RPL patients and 200 women without previous history of RPL, aged 20 to 35 years were included in the study. Factor V (G1691A) and Factor II (G20210A) polymorphisms were analyzed by allelespecific PCR whereas, Factor V (H1299R, Y1702C) and Factor XI (rs3756008 A>T) gene polymorphisms were screened by PCR-RFLP. No statistically significant difference existed between RPL cases and controls in terms of the allelic and genotypic distribution of Factor II (G20210A), Factor V (Y1702C) or Factor XI (rs3756008 A>T). On the other hand, the minor allele of the two Factor V gene polymorphisms (G1691A and H1299R) independently showed statistically significant association with RPL. Factor V G1691 and H1299R polymorphisms may increase the risk for RPL in Gaza strip women, and should be screened for in cases suspected to have inherited thrombophilia.
Bayesian Evaluation of Temporal Signal in Measurably Evolving Populations

Phylogenetic methods can use the sampling times of molecular sequence data to calibrate the molecular clock, enabling the estimation of substitution rates and time scales for rapidly evolving pathogens and data sets containing ancient DNA samples. A key aspect of such calibrations is whether a sufficient amount of molecular evolution has occurred over the sampling time window, that is, whether the data can be treated as being from a measurably evolving population. Here we investigate the performance of a fully Bayesian evaluation of temporal signal (BETS) in molecular sequence data. The method involves comparing the fit of two models: a model in which the data are accompanied by the actual (heterochronous) sampling times, and a model in which the samples are constrained to be contemporaneous (isochronous). We conduct extensive simulations under a range of conditions to demonstrate that BETS accurately classifies data sets according to whether they contain temporal signal or not, even when there is substantial among-lineage rate variation. We explore the behaviour of this classification in analyses of five data sets: modern samples of A/H1N1 influenza virus, the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, and coronaviruses from mammalian hosts, and ancient DNA data sets of Hepatitis B virus and of mitochondrial genomes of dog species. Our results indicate that BETS is an effective alternative to other measures of temporal signal. In particular, this method has the key advantage of allowing a coherent assessment of the entire model, including the molecular clock and tree prior which are essential aspects of Bayesian phylodynamic analyses.
Assessing the effectiveness of protected areas for conserving range‐restricted rain forest butterflies in Sabah, Borneo

Rain forests on Borneo support exceptional concentrations of endemic insect biodiversity, but many of these forest‐dependent species are threatened by land‐use change. Totally protected areas (TPAs) of forest are key for conserving biodiversity, and we examined the effectiveness of the current TPA network for conserving range‐restricted butterflies in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo). We found that mean diurnal temperature range and precipitation of the wettest quarter of the year were the most important predictors of butterfly distributions (N = 77 range‐restricted species), and that species richness increased with elevation and aboveground forest carbon. On average across all species, TPAs were effective at conserving ~43% of species’ ranges, but encompassed only ~40% of areas with high species richness (i.e., containing at least 50% of our study species). The TPA network also included only 33%–40% of areas identified as high priority for conserving range‐restricted species, as determined by a systematic conservation prioritization analysis. Hence, the current TPA network is reasonably effective at conserving range‐restricted butterflies, although considerable areas of high species richness (6,565 km2) and high conservation priority (11,152–12,531 km2) are not currently protected. Sabah's remaining forests, and the range‐restricted species they support, are under continued threat from agricultural expansion and urban development, and our study highlights important areas of rain forest that require enhanced protection.
Lifetime positive lifestyle education aimed at reducing the incidence of coronary heart disease

A review of a portion of the vast amount of l i t e r a t u r e on the subject of Coronary Heart Disease reveals that although the incidence of mortality from this disease has declined by over 20 per cent since the 1960's, i t i s s t i l l a major cause of death i n Canada. There seems to be general agreement that there are c e r t a i n " r i s k f a c t o r s " fo r CoronaryHeart Disease and that these can be modified p o s i t i v e l y by intervention such as education v i a the media, and c o u n s e l l i n g , as has been done i n such studies as MRFIT, the Stanford Program, North K a r e l i a , and "Know Your Body" Program. Many investigators now agree that Coronary Heart Disease i s a "pediatric disease" and that measures to reduce the e f f e c t s of the known ri s k factors should be i n i t i a t e d early i n l i f e . This reduction can best be achieved by an education program which commences at least as early as at the kindergarten l e v e l and continues throughout l i f e i n the school and i n the work mil i e u . Governments w i l l be the main source of funds for the development and implementation of health education programs, but w i l l a l s o provide support for the education and h i r i n g of h e a l t h educators. Other resources w i l l be the health professionals i n a l l d i s c i p l i n e s and at a l l l e v e l s ; industry, both at the o c c u p a t i o n a l and consumer l e v e l s ; the media; and various community f a c i l i t i e s . In a d d i t i o n to incentives i n the form of reduced insurance premiums o f f e r e d by the private sector to participants i n positive l i f e s t y l e programs, there could be tax incentives to individuals and to industry for such part i c i p a t i o n , or for the provision of f a c i l i t i e s to encourage p a r t i c i pation. I t i s suggested that the various programs aimed at hel p i n g Canadians to develop positive l i f e s t y l e s for the prevention of Coronary Heart Disease be "married" into one i n t e r r e l a t e d , continuous program so that there i s some rat i o n a l relationship between programs at a l l l e v e l s . This would provide the continuous exposure necessary for enhancement of the learning process. Some recommendations are made for future studies. Dr. J. H. Milsum Thesis Chairman
Roq1 confers resistance to Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato

Xanthomonas species, Pseudomonas syringae and Ralstonia solanacearum are bacterial plant pathogens that cause significant yield loss in many crop species. Current control methods for these pathogens are insufficient but there is significant potential for generating new disease-resistant crop varieties. Plant immune receptors encoded by nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes typically confer resistance to pathogens that produce a cognate elicitor, often an effector protein secreted by the pathogen to promote virulence. The diverse sequence and presence / absence variation of pathogen effector proteins within and between pathogen species usually limits the utility of a single NLR gene to protecting a plant from a single pathogen species or particular strains. The NLR protein Recognition of XopQ 1 (Roq1) was recently identified from the plant Nicotiana benthamiana and mediates perception of the effector proteins XopQ and HopQ1 from Xanthomonas and P. syringae respectively. Unlike most recognized effectors, alleles of XopQ/HopQ1 are highly conserved and present in most plant pathogenic strains of Xanthomonas and P. syringae. A homolog of XopQ/HopQ1, named RipB, is present in many R. solanacearum strains. We found that Roq1 also mediates perception of RipB and confers immunity to Xanthomonas, P. syringae, and R. solanacearum when expressed in tomato. Strong resistance to Xanthomonas perforans was observed in three seasons of field trials with both natural and artificial inoculation. The Roq1 gene can therefore be used to provide safe, economical and effective control of these pathogens in tomato and other crop species and reduce or eliminate the need for traditional chemical controls. Summary A single immune receptor expressed in tomato confers strong resistance to three different bacterial diseases.
SCREENING FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE UNDER NATURAL STRIGA GESNERIOIDES INFESTATION IN SELECTED COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA L. WALP) GENOTYPES IN KANO, NIGERIA

Drought stressed and Striga gesnerioides (L.) are some of the abiotic and biotic factors affecting cowpea production in the semi-arid and sub-humid tropics. The aim of this research was to screen for drought tolerant in selected cowpea genotype infested with Striga under natural condition. Sixteen (16) cowpea genotypes were evaluated in IITA experimental farm Minjibir in Kano, Nigeria. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design with water stressed and well watered (as control). The parameters measured are chlorophyll, leaf canopy temperature, Striga growth and grain yield. The result showed that both chlorophyll content and Canopy temperature were reduced in the stress treatment. Varieties IT07K-292-10, IT98K-205-8, TVU-7778 and IT573-2-1 recorded the highest canopy temperature. IT98K-205-8 (70.56 SPAD value) recorded an increase in chlorophyll. The highest number of Striga emerged were recorded in IT98K-568-18 (12.00) and TVU-7778 (5.00), while IT98K-205-8, IT99K-573-1-1 and IT997-573-2-1 had no emergence of Striga . Highest Striga biomass was recorded in IT98K-568-18 (30.33g/plant), TVU-7778 (19.00g/plant) and Danila (11.33g/plant). Pod weight was found to reduce with water stress, varieties IT97K-499-35 (144.5g/plant), IT98K-1092-2 (7.0g/plant) and IT98K-506-1 (25g/plant) had the lowest pod weight, and similarly those varieties also recorded the lowest seed weight at water stress condition. The study concluded that water stress and Striga infestation reduced all the parameters measured and varieties IT98K-506-1, Danila, IT98K-1092-2 were found to be susceptible to water stress as well as Striga infestation, while varieties IT00K-1263, IT98K-131-2, IT98K-205-8, TVU-7778 were found to be tolerant to both water stress and Striga infestation.
Yield, content and nutrient uptake by winter wheat and spring barley in response to applications of digestate, cattle slurry and NPK mineral fertilizers

ABSTRACT Digestate represents an alternative source of nutrients for crops in sustainable agriculture. We aimed to evaluate the effects of digestate fertilization on grain (GY) and straw yield (SY) and nutrient content and uptake in winter wheat (WW) and spring barley (SB). The study duration was from 2012 to 2016, with the following crop rotation: WW/WW/SB/WW. Every year, the same fertilizers were applied to each respective plot: control, digestate, digestate + straw, cattle slurry and mineral NPK fertilizer. Significantly higher GY and SY were noted after fertilizer application each year compared to the non-fertilized control. The average effect of the fertilizers on GY of WW was control < NPK ≤ digestate + straw ≤ cattle slurry ≤ digestate. Fertilizer application also increased N, S, Na, Zn and Fe content in the grains, especially when digestate was used as fertilizer. However, in non-fertilized plants (control), only the K content increased in the grains, although the uptake of K is positively correlated with GY. Our results show that digestate can be used not only as a replacement for cattle slurry but also as an alternative fertilizer, which, under certain soil conditions, is more effective than NPK fertilizer.
Seasonal changes in forage nutritive value of common weeds encountered in Missouri pastures

Abstract During the 2015, 2016, and 2017 growing seasons, weed and weed-free mixed tall fescue and legume forage samples were harvested from 29 pastures throughout Missouri for investigation of the nutritive value of 20 common pasture weed species throughout the season. At certain times during the growing season, many broadleaf weed species had greater nutritive values for a given quality parameter as compared with the available weed-free, mixed tall fescue and legume forage harvested from the same location. There were no significant differences in crude protein concentration between the weed-free forage and many weeds throughout the growing season. However, crude protein content of common burdock, common cocklebur, common ragweed, dandelion, horsenettle, and lanceleaf ragweed was greater than that of the corresponding forage sample at multiple collection periods. The digestible neutral detergent fiber (dNDF) content of all broadleaf weeds except lanceleaf ragweed was significantly lower than that of the weed-free forage at all collection periods. Conversely, large crabgrass had significantly greater digestible neutral detergent fiber levels than did the mixed tall fescue forage at all sampling dates. Dandelion and spiny amaranth had greater in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) content than did the forage for the entire growing season. Three perennial weeds—horsenettle, vervains, and late boneset—did not differ in IVTD levels as compared with the mixed tall fescue and legume forage at any collection date. For most summer annual weeds, the trend was toward greater digestibility earlier in the season, with a gradual decline and often lower IVTD by the late summer or early fall. The results of this study will enable producers to make more informed management decisions about the potential benefit or detriment a weed may provide to the overall nutritive value of the pasture system. Nomenclature: Common burdock, Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. ; common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. ; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. ; dandelion, Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg; horsenettle, Solanum carolinense L. ; lanceleaf ragweed, Ambrosia bidentata Michx. ; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. ; late boneset, Eupatorium serotinum Michx. ; spiny amaranth, Amaranthus spinosus L. ; vervain species, Verbena spp. ; tall fescue, Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.
EFFECT OF GENDER AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON SERUM VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AT REST AND RESPONSE TO SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE

Introduction: Although the effects of exercise on angiogenic factors is a topic that has attracted the attention of many researchers worldwide, the possible impacts of gender and physical activity on the rate of angiogenic factors at rest and response of acute exercise have not been investigated so far and which is why we conducted this research. Materials and Methods: Sixteen women (8 active, 8 sedentary) and 16 men (8 active, 8 sedentary) participated in this study. Three days after determination of V02max, they exercised for 1 h at 70% V02 max. Serum was collected from the vein at rest and at 0 and 2 h, post exercise. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured by ELISA kits. Results: Serum levels of VEGF decreased immediately after exercise in groups, a change that was temporary and transient. At rest, no difference between serum VEGF of groups was seen. On the other hand, changes in VEGF levels in response to exercise between groups were not significant. Conclusion: Acute submaximal exercise decreases the main angiogenic factor involved in development of capillary network. Gender and physical activity do not affect serum levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor at rest or response of exercise.
Determination of Genetic Variations in Lathyrus L. Species Based on SDS-PAGE Analyses of Seed Storage Proteins (Albumin, Globulin A, Glutelin)

Bu calisma, Turkiye’deki dogal habitatlarindan toplanan bazi Lathyrus (L. clymenum, L. ochrus, L. nissolia, L. aphaca L. var. affinis, L. aphaca L. var. biflorus, L. aphaca L. var. pseudoaphaca, L. aphaca L. var. modestus) turlerindeki tohum depo proteinlerinin alt fraksiyonlarinin (albumin, globulin A, glutelin) band paternlerindeki varyasyonu rapor etmektedir. Bu calismada, elektroforetik veriler, jel dokumantasyon sistemi ile goruntulendi ve Quatity 1-D analiz yazilimi kullanilarak analiz edildi ve dendogramlar%4 tolerans ile UPGAMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Arithmetic Mean) ile olusturuldu. Taksonlar arasindaki farkliliklar gozlendi ve yedi tur acik bir bicimde bantlarin durumundan ve koyulugundan dolayi protein band paternlerine gore ayirt edildi. Bu calismada, UPGAMA kullanilarak yapilan tohum depo proteinlerinin dendogramlari gostermistir ki calisilan butun yedi takson iki kume olusturmustur. Mevcut calismalar gostermistir ki L. aphaca’nin (Aphaca seksiyonunun uyeleri) calisilan alt turleri, L. ochrus, L. clymenum ve L. nissolia turlerine gore birbirlerine cok daha yakin kumelenmislerdir. Genel olarak bu calismanin sonuclari Davis (1970), Kupicha (1983) ve Dogan vd. (1992)’nin morfolojik calismalarini desteklemektedir.