Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neither Beetroot Juice Supplementation nor Increased Carbohydrate Oxidation Enhance Economy of Prolonged Exercise in Elite Race Walkers

Given the importance of exercise economy to endurance performance, we implemented two strategies purported to reduce the oxygen cost of exercise within a 4 week training camp in 21 elite male race walkers. Fourteen athletes undertook a crossover investigation with beetroot juice (BRJ) or placebo (PLA) [2 d preload, 2 h pre-exercise + 35 min during exercise] during a 26 km race walking at speeds simulating competitive events. Separately, 19 athletes undertook a parallel group investigation of a multi-pronged strategy (MAX; n = 9) involving chronic (2 w high carbohydrate [CHO] diet + gut training) and acute (CHO loading + 90 g/h CHO during exercise) strategies to promote endogenous and exogenous CHO availability, compared with strategies reflecting lower ranges of current guidelines (CON; n = 10). There were no differences between BRJ and PLA trials for rates of CHO (p = 0.203) or fat (p = 0.818) oxidation or oxygen consumption (p = 0.090). Compared with CON, MAX was associated with higher rates of CHO oxidation during exercise, with increased exogenous CHO use (CON; peak = ~0.45 g/min; MAX: peak = ~1.45 g/min, p < 0.001). High rates of exogenous CHO use were achieved prior to gut training, without further improvement, suggesting that elite athletes already optimise intestinal CHO absorption via habitual practices. No differences in exercise economy were detected despite small differences in substrate use. Future studies should investigate the impact of these strategies on sub-elite athletes’ economy as well as the performance effects in elite groups.
Geographical parthenogenesis in the brown alga Scytosiphon lomentaria (Scytosiphonaceae): Sexuals in warm waters and parthenogens in cold waters

Geographical parthenogenesis, a phenomenon where parthenogens and their close sexual relatives inhabit distinct geographical areas, has been considered an interesting topic in evolutionary biology. Reports of geographical parthenogenesis from land and freshwater are numerous, but this occurrence has been rarely reported from the sea. Brown algae are mostly marine and are thought to include numerous obligate parthenogens; still, little is known about the distribution, origin and evolution of parthenogens in this group. Here we report a novel pattern of geographical parthenogenesis in the isogamous brown alga Scytosiphon lomentaria. Sex ratio investigation demonstrated that, in Japan, sexual populations grew in the coast along warm ocean currents, whereas female‐dominant parthenogenetic populations grew mainly in the coast along a cold ocean current. In the two localities where sexual and parthenogenetic populations were parapatric, parthenogens grew in more wave‐exposed areas than sexuals. Population genetic and phylogenetic analyses, including those based on genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism data, indicated that parthenogens have initially evolved at least twice and subsequent hybridizations between the parthenogens and sexuals have generated multiple new parthenogenetic lineages. The origin of the initial parthenogens is not clear, except that it would not be interspecies hybridization. Interestingly, we found that the production of sex pheromones, which attract male gametes, has been independently lost in the initial two parthenogenetic lineages. This parallel loss of the sexual trait may represent the direct origin of parthenogens, or the regressive evolution of a useless trait under asexuality.
Stylistic approaches to predicting Reddit popularity in diglossia

Past work investigating what makes a Reddit post popular has indicated that style is a far better predictor than content, where posts conforming to a subreddit’s community style are better received. However, what about a diglossia, when there are two community styles? In Singapore, the basilect (‘Singlish’) co-exists with an acrolect (standard English), each with contrasting advantages of community identity and prestige respectively. In this paper, I apply stylistic approaches to predicting Reddit post scores in a diglossia. Using data from the Singaporean and British subreddits, I show that while the acrolect’s prestige attracts more upvotes, the most popular posts also draw on Singlish vocabulary to appeal to the community identity.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye using Fe 304 Magnetized Natural Zeolite Adsorbent H )

Received: 8th January 2021 Revised: 6th February 2021 Accepted: 24th February 2021 Online: 15th March 2021 Preparation and characterization of Fe304 magnetized natural zeolite adsorbent for adsorption of methylene blue dye have been carried out. Natural zeolite/Fe304 adsorbent preparation was carried out using coprecipitation of Fe2 and Fe3 ions (1: 2 mol ratio) on the natural zeolite surface. Characterization was carried out using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine the effect of Fe304 on the natural zeolite surface. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to determine the concentration of methylene blue after the adsorption process. The characterization results showed that Fe304 was successfully embedded in the natural zeolite without damaging the natural zeolite's crystallinity. Natural zeolite/Fe304 adsorbent showed easy separation from water medium after the adsorption process.The optimum conditions for adsorption were achieved at the contact time of 60 minutes, and the initial concentration of methylene blue was 30 ppm with an adsorbent mass of 25 mg. Adsorption kinetics followed pseudosecond-order reaction kinetics, and adsorption isotherm followed Langmuir isotherm with an adsorption capacity of 32.258 mg/g.
Effects of Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium Ratios in Soil on Their Uptake and Fruit Quality of Pummelo

Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), and Magnesium (Mg) are essential nutrients for pummelo. These nutrients are strongly antagonistic to each other. In case of excess concentration of one element, the uptake of the other elements is inhibited. This study was conducted on 17-year-old pummelo ( Citrus maxima Merr.) during production year 2013 to 2015 to examine the effects of K, Ca, and Mg in soil on their uptake and fruit quality. The experiment was performed using six treatments with five replications. (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , KCl, CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O, and ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O were applied on top of farmer practice for the T1. (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 was omitted for the T2, KCl was omitted for the T3, CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O was omitted for the T4, no additional fertilizers were applied for the T5 (farmer practice), (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O were omitted for the T6, but 5Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ·NH 4 NO 3 ·10H 2 O were applied instead. The soil pH was neutral and salinity was slight. Exchangeable K, Ca and Mg were higher than their optimum ranges. The extractable Zn in the soil and Zn in the leaves were lower than their optimum ranges. However, the problem can be solved by a single application 250 g tree -1 of ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O. Pummelo cannot uptake K to a sufficient level, even though it is abundant in the soil. High exchangeable Na and low K/Mg mole ratio in soil inhibited K uptake. Concentration of Ca in leaves corresponded to Ca and Ca/Mg mole ratio in the soil. Concentrations of Mg and K in leaves negatively correlated with each other. High Mg and Na in the soil inhibited the uptake of K and Ca, thereby causing extravagant consumptions of Mg. The fruit qualities were better in the treatment which mole ratios of K/Ca, K/Mg and Ca/Mg were 0.24 to 0.44, 0.31 to 0.44 and 0.89 to 1.29, respectively. Juice ratio of the pummelo positively correlated with the edible portion and negatively correlated with peel thickness.
Methodology and Measurement Setup for Determining PWM Contribution to Iron Loss in Laminated Ferromagnetic Materials

This article presents a novel methodology and experimental setup for measuring iron loss under pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) power supply using a ring sample of the ferromagnetic laminated core. A power converter based on silicon carbide technology was used to achieve high switching frequencies and near ideal output voltage. The unique feature of the proposed setup is iron loss measurement under dc magnetization bias using a single excitation winding supplied by the single-phase inverter. The research objective is to determine the influence of PWM and inverter parameters on iron losses and to establish the methodology for measurement and data processing required to produce loss data maps that can be used to improve the accuracy of the total loss estimate for an electrical machine.
Transformer Based Multimodal Speech Emotion Recognition with Improved Neural Networks

With the procession of technology, the human-machine interaction research field is in growing need of robust automatic emotion recognition systems. Building machines that interact with humans by comprehending emotions paves the way for developing systems equipped with human-like intelligence. Previous architecture in this field often considers RNN models. However, these models are unable to learn in-depth contextual features intuitively. This paper proposes a transformer-based model that utilizes speech data instituted by previous works, alongside text and mocap data, to optimize our emotional recognition system’s performance. Our experimental result shows that the proposed model outperforms the previous state-of-the-art. The IEMOCAP dataset supported the entire experiment.
Prognostic Factors for Overall Survival In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients: A Multicentric Cohort Study by the Italian CML GIMEMA Network

An observational prospective study was conducted by the CML Italian network to analyze the role of baseline patient characteristics and first line treatments on overall survival and CML-related mortality in 1206 newly diagnosed CML patients, 608 treated with imatinib (IMA) and 598 with 2nd generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (2GTKI). IMA-treated patients were much older (median age 69 years, IQR 58-77) than the 2GTKI group (52, IQR 41-63) and had more comorbidities. Estimated 4-year overall survival of the entire cohort was 89% (95%CI 85.9-91.4). Overall, 73 patients (6.1%) died: 17 (2.8%) in the 2GTKI vs 56 (9.2%) in the IMA cohort (adjusted HR=0.50; 95% CI=0.26-0.94), but no differences were detected for CML-related mortality (10 (1.7%) vs 11 (1.8%) in the 2GTKIs vs IMA cohort (sHR=1.61; 0.52-4.96). The ELTS score was associated to CML mortality (high risk vs low, HR=9.67; 95%CI 2.94-31.74; p<0.001), while age (per year, HR=1.03; 95%CI 1.00-1.06; p=0.064), CCI (4-5 vs 2, HR=5.22; 95%CI 2.56-10.65; p<0.001), ELTS score (high risk vs low, HR=3.11; 95%CI 1.52-6.35, p=0.002) and 2GTKI vs IMA (HR=0.26; 95%CI 0.10-0.65, p=0.004) were associated to an increased risk of non-related CML mortality. The ELTS score showed a better discriminant ability than the Sokal score in all comparisons.
Educational Outcomes Of Gender-Diverse Youth: A National Population-Based Study

Despite the growing population of youth identifying with a transgender or nonbinary gender identity, research on gender-diverse individuals’ educational outcomes is limited. This study takes advantage of the first nationally representative, population-based data set that includes measures of gender identity and educational outcomes: the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009. Using minority stress and structural symbolic interactionist frameworks, we examine the association between gender identity and high school and college educational outcomes. We compare the educational outcomes of gender-diverse youth—binary transgender, nonbinary, and gender unsure—with those of cisgender youth, and also examine differences within the gender-diverse population. Given the strong link between minority stress and educational experiences among gender-diverse youth, we examine differences in outcomes before and after accounting for school belonging and emotional distress. We also account for individuals’ social-structural location, arguing that social positionality shapes both gender identity and educational outcomes. Results indicate important differences in educational outcomes within the gender-diverse population: Whereas binary transgender and gender-unsure youth exhibit educational disadvantage, relative to cisgender youth, nonbinary youth do not. The gender-unsure disadvantage remains even after accounting for differences in social-structural location and social-psychological factors associated with minority stress.
Sketching Data Sets for Large-Scale Learning: Keeping only what you need

Big data can be a blessing: with very large training data sets it becomes possible to perform complex learning tasks with unprecedented accuracy. Yet, this improved performance comes at the price of enormous computational challenges. Thus, one may wonder: Is it possible to leverage the information content of huge data sets while keeping computational resources under control? Can this also help solve some of the privacy issues raised by large-scale learning? This is the ambition of compressive learning, where the data set is massively compressed before learning. Here, a "sketch" is first constructed by computing carefully chosen nonlinear random features [e.g., random Fourier (RF) features] and averaging them over the whole data set. Parameters are then learned from the sketch, without access to the original data set. This article surveys the current state of the art in compressive learning, including the main concepts and algorithms, their connections with established signal processing methods, existing theoretical guarantees on both information preservation and privacy preservation, and important open problems. For an extended version of this article that contains additional references and more in-depth discussions on a variety of topics, see [1].
Nonscaling Adders and Subtracters for Stochastic Computing Using Markov Chains

This work presents adder and subtracter architectures for stochastic computing (SC). In contrast to standard approaches, the result of their operation is nonscaling, i.e., $X\,\pm \,Y$ , and this is achieved via a deterministic operation based on a counting process. These properties result in an improved tradeoff between accuracy and stochastic sequence length, fast convergence, and the potential for cascaded, scale-dependent (e.g., nonlinear) stochastic computations providing with flexibility on the design level. The architectures are modeled using Markov chains (MCs) allowing for detailed understanding of their proper operation supported with analytical derivations. Using modified MC models, the adder and subtracter’s internal register size is analytically calculated providing guidelines for its optimal size selection based on accuracy requirements and stochastic input sequences lengths. Both architectures are simulated in MATLAB and are designed in Synopsys to compare their performance to that of existing ones in terms of computational accuracy and hardware resources. Finally, to demonstrate the adder’s efficacy, we use it as a building block to realize a $3 \times 3$ convolution kernel and then perform a standard digital image processing task. The results are compared to those achieved using adder architectures from the SC literature.
Biological Activity of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) and Potential Uses in Human Health: A Review

SUMMARY Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) is an ancestral plant originating in the Amazon jungle that has been adopted as a food source due to its high nutritional value, which has gradually been recognized to have potential benefits for human health. Diverse prospective studies have evaluated the effect of consuming components from the plant, derivatives from its seeds, leaves and shell on preventing the risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammatory disease, dermatitis and controlling tumor proliferation, especially given its recognized high content of essential fatty acids, phenolic compounds and vitamin E, showing antioxidant, hypolipidemic, immunomodulation and emollient activity, as well as the capacity to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. This review offers a complete description of the existing information on the use and biological activity of P. volubilis L. , based on its essential lipid components and evidenced on its use in the field of human health, in prevention, therapeutic and nutritional contexts, along with industrial uses, making it a promising bioresource.
ACADEMIC SELF-CONCEPT AND ACADEMIC SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS AS CORRELATE OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA

Although the issue concerning academic self-concept and self-efficacy beliefs as personality constructs has been vague and their association to determine academic achievement has been nebulous as well. The study aimed to explore the relationship between student's academic self-concept and self-efficacy beliefs in determining secondary school student's academic achievement in the English language in Anambra State. Four research questions and four null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a correlational approach to provide answers to the research questions and testing of the hypotheses. The population of the study comprised 21204 from which a sample of 600 was drawn. A multi-stage procedure was used to select the sample. Two standardized research instruments namely; Self-Description Questionnaire (SDQ) and Self-Efficacy Scale (SES), as well as scores from students’ promotional examinations were used for data collection. Cronbach’s alpha was used to determine the reliability of the items in the instruments. A reliability index of 0.78, and 0.69, for academic self-concept and self-efficacy beliefs respectively. The overall reliability coefficient was 0.7 which shows that the instruments were reliable and good for the study. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to answer research questions 1-3 and test hypotheses 1-3 while research question four and hypothesis four were answered and tested with multiple regression. Findings showed that students’ academic self-concept recorded a low positive relationship with their self-efficacy beliefs. Findings also reveal that these variables statistically predicted students’ academic achievement in the English language. Based on these findings, it was recommended that as students’ academic self-concept and self-efficacy beliefs jointly predicted their academic achievement positively, focusing attention on the constant re-orientation of students towards these personality constructs should be encouraged as a panacea to students’ disengagement in academic context irrespective of the subject domain.
Analysis of some conserved miRNAs in hazelnut (Corylus avellena L. and Corylus colurna L.) by real-time PCR

Hazelnut is an important plant species which is used in food industry, dye industry, woodchopping and stock farming and it has also benefits for health due to nutrient component. Economically valuable Corylus avellena and Corylus colurna used as rootstock are the most common cultivars. Although many studies have been made about microRNA in plants so far, there are few studies in hazelnut. miRNAs are 18–25 nucleotide, short and single strand non-coding RNAs. miRNAs called as post-transcriptional gene regulators cause repress or cleavage of their target mRNA. In particularly in plants, they cause cleavage of mRNA and so play role in developmental process, response process to biotic and abiotic stresses like drought, salt, cold or UV. Conserved miRNAs are miRNAs which have same function in different plant species and are conserved from very old times to the present. In this study, we aimed that analyzing of some conserved miRNAs (miR159, miR160, miR171, miR396, miR2919 and miR8123) in hazelnut (Corylus avellena L. and Corylus colurna L.) by Real-Time PCR. We found which these conserved miRNAs are present in both hazelnut species.
Evaluation of Protein C and Protein S in Pregnant Females with Preeclampsia

INTRODUCTION: Preeclampsia is a multisystem progressive disorder characterized by sudden onset of hypertension and proteinuria, or hypertension and significant endorgan dysfunction with or without proteinuria in the last half of pregnancy or postpartum. It typically affects 2%–5% of pregnant women and is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality . Preeclampsia presents a great challenge to obstetricians because of its unknown etiology, complex pathophysiology, and the fact that the only definitive cure is delivery of the fetus and the placenta. If PE is not controlled, it can progress to HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver
Bullying in Rural Schools among Early Adolescents in Sri Lanka; Prevalence of Bullying Acts and Common Responses to Bullying

Prevalence of bullying among school going adolescents was estimated to be high (approximately 37%) in Sri Lanka according to the Global School based student Health Survey. However, limited number of studies were carried out in Sri Lanka on bullying among adolescents, specifically about early adolescents in rural settings. In this study, we aimed to fill the research gap in local literature. The objectives of this study were a) to describe prevalence of bullying acts and different types of bullying in schools, and b) to describe common responses to bullying among early adolescents in Galenbindunuwewa educational zone in Sri Lanka. A cross sectional study was carried out in three schools in Galenbindunuwewa educational zone. A multi-stage sampling method incorporated simple random sampling and a systematic sampling method was used. Three hundred seventy-two students in grade 7, 8, 9 (12-15 years of age) participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were employed. Bullying acts were reported as prevalent among early adolescents in schools in Galenbindunuwewa educational zone. Calling mean names, pushing, and hitting, disturbing learning processes were the most prevent bullying acts. The most common response of the victims for bullying were tolerating it and walking away. Keywordsadolescents, bullying, school, prevalence.