Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tree root and soil heterotrophic respiration as revealed by girdling of boreal Scots pine forest: extending observations beyond the first year

Limitations in available techniques to separate autotrophic (root) and soil heterotrophic respiration have hampered the understanding of forest C cycling. The former is here defined as respiration by roots, their associated mycorrhizal fungi and other micro-organisms in the rhizosphere directly dependent on labile C compounds leaked from roots. In order to separate the autotrophic and heterotrophic com- ponents of soil respiration, all Scots pine trees in 900 m 2 plots were girdled to instantaneously terminate the supply of current photosynthates from the tree canopy to roots. Hogberg et al . ( Nature 411, 789-792, 2001) reported that autotrophic activity contributed up to 56% of total soil respiration during the first summer of this experiment. They also found that mobilization of stored starch (and likely also sugars) in roots after girdling caused an increased apparent heterotrophic respiration on girdled plots. Herein a transient increase in the d 13 C of soil CO 2 efflux after girdling, thought to be due to decomposition of 13 C- enriched ectomycorrhizal mycelium and root starch and sugar reserves, is reported. In the second year after girdling, when starch reserves of girdled tree roots were exhausted, calculated root respiration increased up to 65% of total soil CO 2 efflux. It is suggested that this estimate of its contribu- tion to soil respiration is more precise than the previous based on one year of observation. Heterotrophic respira- tion declined in response to a 20-day-long 6 ∞ C decline in soil temperature during the second summer, whereas root respiration did not decline. This did not support the idea that root respiration should be more sensitive to variations in soil temperature. It is suggested that above-ground pho- tosynthetic activity and allocation patterns of recent pho- tosynthates to roots should be considered in models of responses of forest C balances to global climate change.
Sequencing of complete mitochondrial genome of brown algal Saccharina sp. ye- C12

Abstract The complete sequence (37 654 bp) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the Saccharina sp. ye-C12 was determined using Illumina sequencing data. The genome contains 38 protein-coding genes (PCG), three ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 25 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and the phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial genomes of brown algae indicated that Saccharina sp. ye-C12 and Saccharina japonica are the most closely related species, which strongly supports their close phylogenetic affinity.
Effect of Process Variables on Survival of Bacteria in Probiotics Enriched Pomegranate Juice

Aims: The consumption of foods and beverages containing probiotic microorganisms is a growing, global consumer trend . In this research, production of probiotic pomegranate juice containing Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus delbrueckii was studied. Study Design: Plackett - Burman statistical design was used to evaluate the impact of eleven process variables on the viability of both probiotics. Impact of incorporation of g rape juice, tomato juice and pomegranate peel extract as well as phenolic compounds and vitamins have been investigated.
Extubocellulus spinifer (Hargraves et Guillard) Hasle, von Stosch et Syvertsen (Bacillariophyceae) in North Brittany

Abstract A new geographical locality for Extubocellulus spinifer is reported. The species was isolated during 1980 from a temperate ‘slikke’ (intertidal mudflat) in North Brittany and grown in batch culture for several years in F/2 medium under constant temperature and light conditions. No teratological modifications were observed. Details of the species structure are illustrated by scanning and transmission electron micrographs.
Of TITAN and straw men: an appeal for greater understanding of community data

Abstract. Cuffney and Qian (2013) performed numerous simulations to demonstrate potential flaws in Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN), a method for interpreting taxon contributions to community change along novel environmental gradients. Based on their simulations, they concluded that: 1) TITAN is not an effective method for detecting different types of statistical thresholds in trend lines, 2) permutation results in highly significant p-values even for splits that are not thresholds, and 3) coincident change points may arise as an artifact of inaccuracies, imprecision, and systematic bias in both change-point estimation and TITAN's bootstrap. The critique raises some important concerns, but because of significant misunderstanding, it is based on analyses that violate basic assumptions of both TITAN and indicator species analysis (IndVal), and thus, constitutes a straw man that cannot be used to evaluate their performance. We demonstrate that the critique: 1) fundamentally misrepresents TITAN's primary goals; 2) simulates taxon abundances based on unrealistic statistical models that fail to represent important empirical patterns present in Cuffney and Qian's own published data sets (i.e., negative binomial distributions, frequent absences a function of the predictor); 3) tests TITAN's ability to identify breaks in trend lines distorted by log-transformation that do not match the greatest change in the simulated response, leading to misinterpretation of expected and previously documented behavior by TITAN as errors; 4) misinterprets TITAN's use of p-values while ignoring diagnostic indices of purity and reliability for identifying robust indicator taxa; and 5) asserts that bootstrapped change-point quantiles in TITAN are too narrow despite published results to the contrary. Last, in contrast to the claim that change-point synchrony may be an artifact of the technique, we show that: 6) analysis of published data using completely independent methods (i.e., scatterplots of abundance data or generalized additive models) also reveals synchrony in the nonlinear decline of numerous taxa in corroboration of TITAN and its underlying conceptual model. Thus, Cuffney and Qian have not identified any serious limitations of TITAN because their critique is based on misinterpretation of TITAN's assumptions and primary objectives. However, their critique does highlight the need for clarification of the appropriate uses, potential misuses, and limitations of TITAN and other methods for ecological analysis.
New Dimensions to the Epipalaeolithic of the Wadi el-Jilat in Central Jordan.

Des fouilles entreprises a Wadi el-Jilat (Jordanie centrale) sur deux sites epipaleolithiques presentant plusieurs phases ont mis en evidence la diversite regionale des assemblages lithiques et egalement celle de la distribution des sites dans le Levant meridional au cours du Pleistocene recent. Les nouvelles dates obtenues pour Jilat 6 ont confirme que l'on y a fabrique une industrie dominee par des triangles geometriques entre 15 500 et 16 700 b.p. (et donc contemporaine du Kebarien) ; de recentes fouilles a Jilat 22 ont mis au jour une industrie non microlithique a predominance de lames qui est datee ca. 13 000 b.p. (donc contemporaine du Kebarien geometrique). Les processus geomorphologiques et dynamiques ayant conduit a la formation des grands sites du Pleistocene recent situes de nos jours dans la zone de transition steppe/desert en Jordanie, ont ete examines.
The effects of excess boron on growth, photosynthesis and fruit maturity of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in hydroponic culture.

トマトの水耕栽培における培養液のホウ素の限界濃度を明らかにする目的で，トマトの生育，光合成関連要因および果実成熟に対するホウ素過剰の影響を調査した．1段摘心栽培したトマトにおいて，培養液のホウ素濃度の増加にともなって葉のホウ素濃度は有意に増加した．果実の生長および収量が抑制される培養液ホウ素濃度は，それぞれ8 ppm，4 ppmであった．トマト葉の光合成速度，呼吸速度および気孔伝導度は，第1花房の花がすべて開花する時期に4 ppm以上のホウ素濃度で有意に低下し，この傾向は果実肥大期まで継続した．また，2段摘心栽培したトマトの各花房の果実数を2個に制限した場合，第1花房の果実の生長および成熟に対するホウ素過剰の影響は見られなかったが，第2花房では果実が小さくなり，果実糖度が低下した．これは，果実に蓄積したホウ素の直接的な影響ではなく，光合成の低下を含むソース能力が低下し，果実への光合成産物の分配が低下したためであると推察される．また，ホウ素過剰によって第2花房果実の成熟が早まる傾向が認められたが，これは葉の障害によって発生したと考えられるエチレンの影響を受けた可能性がある．以上より，培養液のホウ素濃度が4 ppmを超えると，果実収量および糖度が低下することから，トマトの長期栽培におけるホウ素の限界濃度は4 ppmであると示唆される．
The structure of elaiophores in Oncidium cheirophorum Rchb.f. and Ornithocephalus kruegeri Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae)

The shining appearance of the flowers of Oncidium cheirophorum and Ornithocephalus kruegeri results from the presence of lipids on the flower surface. The lipids are produced by elaiophores - secretory structures situated symmetrically at the base of the labellum or upon the callus. In O. cheirophorum , the elaiophores are epithelial type. They consist of one layer of cuboidal secretory cells and subsecretory parenchyma. The thick cuticle covering the outer, tangential wall of epithelial cells becomes distended and wrinkled as secreted oil accumulates beneath its surface. Oil secretion begins at the bud stage and lasts till the end of anthesis, that is 22 days, on average. Pollination does not influence oil production. In O. kruegeri , trichomatous elaiophores are situated on the central part of the callus. Unicellular trichomes project from the epidermis cells. Their outer walls are covered by a thin cuticle. In the dense cytoplasm of the trichomes, small plastids with few starch grains occur, whereas subsecretory parenchyma cells contain amyloplasts with large starch grains and raphides. The oil is already produced at the bud stage, about one week before flower opening, and lasts till the end of anthesis.
Geranial-rich oil gland secretions: a common phenomenon in the Histiostomatidae (Acari, Astigmata)?

Exocrine secretions from opisthosomal oil glands of seven species of Histiostomatidae (Acari, Astigmata) from three genera (Histiostoma Kramer, Sarraceniopus Fashing & OConnor and Bonomoia Wirth) were extracted and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. All extracts showed large amounts of (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadecadienal (=geranial, citral A), comprising between one-quarter and two-thirds of the whole secretion, depending on the species. These data are consistent with the published information on oil glands of the Histiostomatidae and support the idea that geranial-rich oil gland secretions are characteristic of this family. As citral is mainly neral-based (=citral B) in Astigmata, geranial-based secretions might represent the ancestral state, reflecting oribatid ancestors with geranial-rich secretions as still occur in some mixonomatan and desmonomatan taxa.
The complete mitochondrial genome of click beetle Chiagosnius vittiger (Coleoptera: Elateridae) and phylogenetic analysis

Abstract In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of click beetle Chiagosnius vittiger (Heyden, 1887) (GenBank accession no. MN306531) using next-generation sequencing (NGS) method. The mitogenome is 15,842 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and one non-coding control region. The overall nucleotide composition was 41.6% A, 31.1% T, 16.9% C, and 10.4% G, with 72.7% AT, respectively. The gene arrangement is consistent with the typical insect mitochondrial genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. vittiger clustered into a clade with Chiagosnius sulcicollis with high bootstrap support.
Ultrastructure and taxonomy of Actinomonas pusilla, a heterotrophic member of the Pedinellales (Chrysophyceae)

Actinomonas pusilla, a heterotrophic member of the Pedinellales (Chrysophyceae), was studied by light and electron microscopy. The cells are about 7 µm in diameter and usually swim around rapidly in large arcs, although they are occasionally sessile. The cells possess one emergent flagellum with tripartite hairs. Internally, the flagellum is supported by a cross-banded paraxial rod. The central pair of microtubules is shown to be twisted 360° counterclockwise (viewed from the outside) in about 8 µm, which corresponds to the wavelength of the beating flagellum. Tentacles emanate from the cell in all directions, but are particularly numerous and well-organized anteriorly. The tentacles are supported by microtubular triads, which terminate on the outer nuclear membrane. The triads are connected by cytoskeletal material situated immediately below the plasma membrane. A long trailing stalk which may exceed 120 µm in length is present posteriorly. It is connected to a vacuole and also supported by microtubular .
Enterprise Resource Planning on Quality of Financial Reports of Public Universities in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The Effect of Fixed Assets Reporting

Enterprise Resource Planning on Quality The Effect of Fixed Assets Reporting. Abstract An enterprise resource planning is software that integrates several sections in an institution as a separated functional area and each functional area includes a set of business processes with flowing data into a central database. Universities in Kenya are embracing the use of enterprise resource planning in their financial operations. The study seeks to determine the effect of fixed assets reporting on quality of financial reports of public universities in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The research was guided by the fixed assets theory. Descriptive survey research design was used. The study used simple random sampling technique in choosing the sample size from the accessible population and used the Yamane formula to arrive at the sample size which was 92 respondents from the public universities in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. A pilot study was conducted in order to test the validity and reliability of the research questionnaire. Content validity was used as a validity test while reliability was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Data gathered from the questionnaires administered were analyzed using SPSS. The outputs were presented inform of statistical diagrams, tables and graphs. The study used multiple linear regression and correlation analysis to show the relationship between the variables. Findings revealed that fixed assets reporting (β=0.250; p<0.05), positively and significantly influence quality of financial reports. The study therefore concludes that quality of financial reports can be improved by timely reporting of expenditure and complete recognition of fixed assets. This study recommends that the institution have more internal audit reviews to appraise and check on the strength of the instituted controls within the system. The study will be important to
Genetic variation among three wild populations of stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis ) by allozyme electrophoresis

Stinging catfish ( Heteropneustes fossilis ) is one of the most popular indigenous catfish having considerable potential for aquaculture and commercial importance in Bangladesh. With a view to assessing the genetic status of H. fossilis , three samples Chalan Beel (Pabna), Burungi Beel (Jamalpur) and Bagapura Beel (Mymensingh) were analyzed. For genetic variation study, five enzymes (LDH, EST, MDH, PGM and GPI) were used encoded by eight loci of which three were polymorphic ( Mdh-1* , Est-1* and Gpi-1* ). The highest mean proportion of polymorphic loci, mean number of allele and the mean proportion of heterozygous loci per individual of the Chalan Beel population were observed (25.00%, 1.250 and 6.250%, respectively). The highest gene flow (33.5) and lowest population differentiation (0.0074) found in Burungi Beel-Bagapura Beel indicated the close relationship among them. In the Nei’s UPGMA dendrogram, the Chalan Beel population formed one cluster by the genetic distance of 0.0371 and the other cluster was formed by Burungi beel and Bagapura beel populations ( D =0.003). The results suggested that a considerable genetic variation is maintained among the natural H. fossilis populations.
Desempenho, parâmetros plasmáticos e características de carcaça de novilhos alimentados com farelo de girassol e diferentes fontes energéticas, em confinamento

Performance, plasmatic parameters and carcass traits of 24 3/4 Simmental 1/4 Nellore steers with 370 kg initial average weight was evaluated. The experimental diets were composed by corn silage (55%) and concentrate with sunflower meal as protein source and ground corn as energy source (MI). Ground corn was partially substituted by soybean hulls (CS) or by corn meal (FGM). The period of intake and average weight gain evaluation was 49 days. Blood samples were collected to measure plasmatic parameters: glucose, urea, total protein and albumin. Right half frozen carcass was used to measure the loin eye area (LEA), fat thickness (FT) and carcass length. Diets did not influence plasma parameters. The average of plasmatic urea was high (26 mg/dL), in relation to normal serum pattern. The different energy sources did not affect average weight gain and feed intake:gain ratio, with averages of 1.15 kg/day and 9.17 kg DM feed intake/kg gain. Diet did not influence dressing percentage (52.8% final weight and 63.1% of empty body weight), LEA (63.6 cm2) and FT (4.7 mm). Soybean hulls and corn meal could replace partially ground corn without affecting performance and carcass traits on steers, allowing that the ingredients choice be realized through economic analysis.
Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in ischemic heart disease patients: A prospective study

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of two commonly used statins namely; atorvastatin and rosuvastatin, and determine the efficiency of CoQ10 in the reversal of statin-induced myopathy. Methods: An investigational study design was adopted using randomized trials involving patients suffering from ischemic heart disease and receiving either atorvastatin or rosuvastatin. The study was conducted at Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan during the period, November 2016 February 2017. A total number of 95 male and female patients, between the ages of 40 and 80 years, were selected. Their blood samples were analyzed for lipid profile, total cholesterol, serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), serum triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio. Results: Gender and dose showed significant correlation with creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, (p = 0.001) and (p > 0.001), respectively. The patients using rosuvastatin 20 mg had a higher risk of developing myopathy than those treated with atorvastatin 40 mg (p = 0.023), while atorvastatin 20 mg patients were more prone to induce myopathy than 10 mg (p = 0.001) recipients. Atorvastatin 20 mg produced higher CPK levels than rosuvastatin 10 mg (p = 0.002). A substantial increase in CPK levels was found with rosuvastatin 20 mg and atorvastatin 20 mg usage (p > 0.001). It was observed that rosuvastatin 20 mg significantly increased the risk of myopathy compared to atorvastatin 10 mg (p > 0.001). However, rosuvastatin 20 mg/day considerably reduced the blood cholesterol as compared to atorvastatin 10mg/day (p = 0.001). CPK levels reduced significantly following treatment with CoQ10 (p = 0.022). Conclusion: Rosuvastatin users are more prone to the risk of myopathy, myalgic symptoms and rise in CPK levels than atorvastatin users, and these effects are dose related. CoQ10 is effective in lowering CPK levels and reversing myalgia.
Effect of benzylaminopurine on the flavanones hesperidin, hesperetin 7-O-glucoside, and prunin in tangelo Nova fruits

A study of the flavonoid composition of the fruit of tangelo Nova by high-performance liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance revealed the presence of hesperidin, as the major flavanone, together with hesperetin 7-O-glucoside and prunin. The maximum levels of these flavanones are associated with the logarithmic phase of fruit growth. Treatment of recently set fruit with 20 ppm of benzylaminopurine delayed the fall of hesperidin concentration and accelerated this process in hesperetin 7-O-glucoside and prunin, compared with the evolution of these compounds in control fruit. The possible effect of benzylaminopurine on the biosynthetic pathway of these flavanones and/or on their transport in this plant material is discussed.
Species of cyanolichens from Pseudocyphellaria with indistinguishable ITS sequences have different photobionts.

• Cyanobacteria were isolated from bipartite cyanolichen species of Pseudocyphellaria and the identity of the major photobionts established. The specificity of the cyanobacterial-fungal association was also examined. • Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences distinguished cyanobacterial and green algal isolates, and both 16S rRNA gene and tRNALeu (UAA) intron sequences of isolates and lichen thalli identified candidate photobionts. In addition, the genetic diversity of both the cyanobiont and mycobiont was investigated using the comparison of tRNALeu (UAA) intron sequences and ITS sequences, respectively. • The 16S rRNA gene sequences identified two species-specific photobionts with similar sequences; however, the tRNALeu (UAA) intron sequences unambiguously discriminated between the two symbiotic cyanobacterial strains. Moreover, the fungal ITS sequences of the two corresponding lichens, Pseudocyphellaria crocata and Pseudocyphellaria neglecta, showed little variation. • The cyanobacterial-fungal associations of P. crocata and P. neglecta were specific for all samples. However, the similarity of the ITS sequences raised the possibility that they represent the same species and that their different morphology is influenced by the cyanobacterial symbiont.
The influence of man-made fires on large wild herbivores in Lake Burungi area in northern Tanzania.

Summary The effect of fire on the distribution of large wild herbivores during the late dry season was studied in northern Tanzania during October 1987. All species were attracted to burnt-over areas with 1–10 cm regrowth of grass. Recently burnt areas with no regrowth and areas not burnt during the dry season were avoided. By the end of the dry season the study area was left as a fire mosaic, with different areas burnt at different times during the dry season. Thirty two percent was unburnt. The fires were mainly man-made but for purposes other than wildlife management. Such a fire mosaic has a positive effect on the larger herbivores by supplying protein-rich food during the dry season. Resume On a etudie en octobre 1987, durant la deuxieme saison seche l'effet du feu sur la distribution de grands herbivores dans le nord de la Tanzanie. Toutes les especes sont attirees par les surfaces brulees ou les repousses sont de 1 a 10 cm. Les surfaces sans repousses et les zones non brueees sont evitees. A la fin de la saison seche, la zone etudiee ressemblait a une mosaique due au feu, avec des endroits brules a des moments differents durant la saison seche. Trente-deux pour-cents n'avaient pas brule. La plupart des feux avaient ete allumes par l'homme, mais dans d'autres buts que la gestion de la faune. Une telle mosaique a un effet positif sur les grands herbivores car elle fournit un complement de nourriture riche en proteines au cours de la saison seche.