Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disparity in Black Men who Have Sex With Men

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disparity in Black Men who Have Sex With Men by Valencia Beckley Hildreth MS, Bellevue University, 2005 BSN, Clayton College and State University, 2002 BS, Georgia Southern University, 1996 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Health Services Walden University August 2018 Abstract The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to be a challenge in the men who have sex with men (MSM) population. Initiatives to decrease rates of new HIV infections have proven less than optimal. Despite evidence-based interventions to curtail the prevalence and incidence rates of HIV infection, Black MSM have been most impacted with increased HIV incidence. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to explore theThe HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to be a challenge in the men who have sex with men (MSM) population. Initiatives to decrease rates of new HIV infections have proven less than optimal. Despite evidence-based interventions to curtail the prevalence and incidence rates of HIV infection, Black MSM have been most impacted with increased HIV incidence. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to explore the relationship, if any, between age, online and physical venues attended by participants within the last thirty days, neighborhood’s perceived social environment, and HIV incidence in the non-Hispanic Black MSM population in a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in Southern U.S. Social cognitive theory was used to frame this study. Secondary datasets from the Involve[MEN]t database were used in this study and included 810 Black and White MSM living in a MSA. Ages of the participants ranged between 18 and 39. Original data were collected through online questionnaires. Chi-square, independent samples t test, and logistic regression model were used to analyze data. Chi-square analysis showed a significant main effect (p = 0.006) for online venue Facebook and HIV incidence but no significance differences identified between age, online venues CraigsList and Black Gay Chat, physical venues (including bars and restaurants, gyms, and bath houses), and neighborhood’s perceived social environment (including neighborhood attachment, self-esteem/morale, and personal safety). Positive social implications of the study findings could include tailoring existing interventions with strategies to address self-esteem and morale, explore selected online and physical venues, and develop social and behavioral structured policies in the Black MSM population. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disparity in Black Men who Have Sex With Men by Valencia Beckley Hildreth MS, Bellevue University, 2005 BSN, Clayton College and State University, 2002 BS, Georgia Southern University, 1996 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Health Services
Apoptosis in Human Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background After reopening of the infarct-related coronary artery, cardiomyocytes continue to die during reperfusion. The mechanisms of cell death have been subject to debate. We studied whether an apoptotic type of cell death occurs in human acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods and Results We studied myocardial samples of eight patients who died of AMI and had patent infarct-related arteries at autopsy. Six of the patients had received initially successful thrombolysis. Extensive formation of DNA strand breaks, the typical biochemical feature of apoptosis, was detected with the use of the in situ DNA end-labeling method. Apoptotic cardiomyocytes were observed particularly in the border zones of histologically infarcted myocardium, whereas very few apoptotic cells were present in the remote noninfarcted myocardium. Internucleosomal fragmentation was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA isolated from the representative myocardial areas. Conclusions This study provides evidence that in addi.
The efficacy of ozone therapy on free gingival graft augmentation around dental implants

Aim: The implants exhibiting lack of keratinized mucosa (KM) may be more prone to the early stage of peri-implant infection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate topical ozone therapy on free gingival graft (FGG) healing in terms of augmenting KM around the implants during 6-month follow-up. Material and methods: Thirty patients (16 women and 14 men) with inadequate KM around their implants were randomly allocated to either the ozone group (FGG + Ozone therapy) or the control group (FGG alone). The width and thickness of KM, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), mucosal recession (MR) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were evaluated at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months. During 14 days postoperatively, patient’s pain perception was analyzed by using a visual analog scale analog scale (VAS). At 14 days, quality of life was also assessed via the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Results: No significant differences were found between ozone and control groups with respect to KM dimensions at any study follow-up periods (p>0.05). Ozone group provided significantly higher CAL and MR values at 6 months compared to baseline values. Moreover, ozone group exhibited significantly lower GI values compared to the control group at 6 months (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the groups for postoperative VAS values and total OHIP-14 scores (p>0.05). Conclusion: Adjunctive ozone therapy did not provide any beneficial impact on the dimension of obtained KM around the implants at 6 months. However, ozone therapy may give rise to less mucosal inflammation around the implants compared to spontaneous healing.
Specific Features of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma in Comparison with Glioblastoma on Conventional MRI

Background: The treatments of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and glioblastoma (GBM) are different; therefore, accurate diagnosis is crucial for the therapeutic planning. Although there is overlap of features on conventional magnetic resonance (MR) images between PCNSL and GBM, the PCNSL has specific features, which are different from those of GBM on conventional MR images. Objectives: The current study aimed at characterizing specific features of PCNSL by comparing them with conventional MR images of GBM, and improving diagnostic accuracy at the time of initial presentation. Patients and Methods: The current study retrospectively evaluated the conventional MR images of 21 immunocompetent patients with PCNSL and 13 patients with GBM pathologically proven in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China from January 2014 to March 2017. All patients were subjected to non-contrast and contrast enhanced MRI. Tumor location, quantity, and morphology, as well as common and specific features and patterns, peritumoral edema, and hemorrhage were recorded and compared. Results: Twenty-one patients with PCNSL exhibited 44 lesions, and 13 patients with GBM exhibited 16 lesions. PCNSL affected both infra- and supratentorial regions, while GBM only affected supratentorial regions. Deep white matter, basal ganglia, periventricular areas, and the corpus callosum were the most common sites in PCNSL. Homogeneous enhancement was presented in 95.2% of PCNSL, and all GBM lesions showed heterogeneous enhancement. PCNSLs had various appearances, whereas most of the GBMs (81.3%) had a mass-like appearance. Differences in intratumoral hemorrhage (P < 0.001), necrotic or cystic components (P < 0.001), and intratumoral vascular enhancement (P < 0.001) between PCNSL and GBM were statistically significant. “Notch sign” and open-ring enhancement were specific features for PCNSL. Conclusion: PCNSL has specific features, patterns, and locations. These features and patterns can be helpful to differentiate PCNSL from GBM at the time of initial presentation.
Er:YAG laser in dentistry. Patients’ experiences and clinical applicability

Er:YAG laser in dentistry. Patients’ experiences and clinical applicability Roxana Sarmadi, Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden. Objective: This thesis focuses on the patients’ experiences and the clinical applicability of the Er:YAG laser method in the excavation of caries and oral soft tissue surgery. Design: Both qualitative (Study Ι) and quantitative (Studies ΙΙ and ΙΙΙ) research methods were used. Study Ι was performed as individual interviews of 12 patients who had undergone at least one caries excavation with the Er:YAG laser method. Study ΙΙ was a single blind, RCT investigation of 25 patients with at least two equal primary caries lesions (a total of 56 cavities). The patients compared their experiences of caries excavation using the laser method with the conventional rotary bur method and the time required for the treatments was measured. The restorations were evaluated over 24 months. In Study ΙΙΙ, a single blind, RCT study was performed, based on 40 patients requiring frenectomy and treated with either conventional scalpel surgery or laser surgery. Patients’ experiences, treatment time, bleeding and wound healing were evaluated. Results: In Studies Ι and ΙΙ, patients described the Er:YAG laser method as less painful and less unpleasant, safe and more relaxing. In Study ΙΙ the mean time for caries excavation using the laser method was three times longer than with the rotary bur. The quality and durability of restorations were assessed as equivalent after two years. In Study ΙΙΙ conventional scalpel surgery took 50% longer time and bleeding was three times higher than after Er:YAG laser surgery. The patients assessed both methods as equal and were satisfied with both treatments. No differences concerning wound healing were found. Conclusions: Patients preferred the Er:YAG laser method in caries excavation to the rotary bur despite significantly longer treatment time, but valued it as equivalent to conventional scalpel surgery in frenectomies. The Er:YAG laser was less timeconsuming and led to less bleeding when used in frenectomies, while no differences in wound healing were recorded.
Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance pattern of uropathogens in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections seen in developing countries like Bangladesh. This study is, therefore, designed to determine the bacterial uropathogens and their antibiotic resistance pattern among patients with complaints of UTIs in Dhaka city. This study was carried out in the laboratory of the Department of Microbiology, Bangladesh Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to June 2015. A total of 2541 urine samples were collected in sterile containers from suspected urinary tract infected cases. A specimen was considered positive for UTI if an organism was cultured at a concentration of ≥105CFU/ml or when an organism was cultured at a concentration of 104CFU/ml and >5 pus cells per high power field. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolated bacterial species was performed by disc diffusion method following the National Committee for Clinical laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. A total of 303 (11.92%) bacterial uropathogens were isolated from 2541 urine samples. Among the 303 isolates, majority of the isolates 197 (65.02%) were from females. Both the age groups up to 18 years and above 18 years the highest prevalence was found in females 34(11.22%) and 163 (53.79%) respectively. Most predominant organism was Escherichia coli 262(86.46%)followed by Pseudomonas 12(3.96%), Enterococci 12(3.96%), Klebsiella11(3.63%). Escherichiacoli showed very high resistance to amoxycillin 95.41%, cefradin 90.45%, nalidixic acid and Klebsiella to amoxycillin 90.90%, nitrofurantoin 90.90%. Again Pseudomonas was highly resistant to cefuroxime 100%, cefexime 100%and ceftriaxone 83.33%. Enterococci were found highly resistance to cefexime 91.66%, cloxacillin 83.33%, and erythromycin 83.33%. Due to wide scale resistance of the drugs used to treat UTI, choice of drugs in the treatment of UTI is quite narrow. In country like ours awareness for prevention of UTI should be encouraged among the community level as it affects all age groups.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(2) 2017: 12-18
THUR 264 Multimodal intervention to improve lumbar puncture

Introduction Lumbar puncture (LP) is a routine procedure performed for diagnostic and therapeutic indications for more than 120 years.1 For as long, post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) has been a complication that can be persistent and severe.2 Finer gauge needles and ‘atraumatic’ needle designs3 significantly reduce the incidence of PDPH.4–6 Methods A multimodal intervention consisting of teaching session on atraumatic needle usage, simulation training with 25G Sprotte needles, and electronic LP proforma was introduced in October 2017. Records for all patients having LP in the Neurology day-case unit at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, in the months of November 2016 and Nov/Dec 2017 were retrospectively reviewed for documentation and atraumatic needle usage. Results 39 records were reviewed from Nov/Dec 2017 and 16 from November 2016. Documentation was significantly improved across all criteria assessed except for documentation of informed consent. Atraumatic needle usage increased from none documented pre-intervention to 38% (n=11 out of 29 where atraumatic needle indicated) post intervention. Conclusion Proforma use was associated with improved LP documentation. Atraumatic needle usage increased significantly post-intervention. These results are consistent with previous studies on changing behaviour in LP technique in neurology.7 Large scope for further improvement exists. Abstract THUR 264 Figure 1 References 1. Quincke H. Die Lumbalpunction des Hydrocephalus -Heinrich Quincke -Google Books 1891. Klin. Wochenschrist. pp. 929–965. 2. Greene HM. Lumbar puncture and the prevention of postpuncture headache. JAMA J. Am. Med. Assoc 1926;86:391. 3. Hart JR, Whitacre RJ. Pencil-point needle in prevention of postspinal headache. J. Am. Med. Assoc 1951;147:657. 4. Vallejo MC, Mandell GL, Sabo DP, Ramanathan S. Postdural puncture headache: A randomized comparison of five spinal needles in obstetric patients. Anesth. Analg 2000;91:916–20. 5. Thomas SR, Jamieson DR, Muir KW. Randomised controlled trial of atraumatic versus standard needles for diagnostic lumbar puncture. BMJ 2000;321:986–90. 6. Halpern S, Preston R. Postdural puncture headache and spinal needle design. Metaanalyses. Anesthesiology 1994;81:1376–83. 7. Davis A, et al. Change practice now! Using atraumatic needles to prevent post lumbar puncture headache. Eur. J. Neurol 2014;21:305–11.
Pharmacogenomics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder with multiple factors associated with its causation, outcome and response to treatment. Several researchers are working on identifying the genetic and non-genetic factors that are implicated in disease causation as well as response to therapy. It has been found that, some of the genetic factors such as ABCC8 and KCNJ11 polymorphisms are associated with disease causation as well as outcome of therapy with specific drugs. Presence of multiple associative factors have led to the realization of a much complex network of pathways that are involved in diabetes mellitus. In this review we discuss the genetic factors involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus and in its response to treatment with different classes of drugs. The genetic factors include single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes coding for drug metabolizing enzymes (e.g., CYP2C9), drug transporters (e.g., OCT1, OCT 2, MATE1, MATE2), receptors and channels such as ABCC8, KCNJ11. The net effect of all genetic variations in each individual patient determines the outcome of therapy. To translate pharmacogenetics in to clinical practice, it is needed to have evidence on the net effect of genetic polymorphisms.
Traditional Lactic Acid Fermentation, Malt Addition, and Quality Development in Maize-Cowpea Weaning Blends

We studied the effects of traditional lactic acid fermentation and the addition of malt on the physicochemical properties of maize-cowpea blends. The products were high in protein (18.4%-19.4%) and low in fat (0.5%-1.3%) and fibre (0.5%-0.7%). Fermentation reduced the pH from 6.7 to 4.4. The unfermented sample without malt was about four times as thick in consistency as those containing it. Up to 5% malt in the blends did not reduce the viscosity of the cooked samples fermented for two days. Fermentation for three days further neutralized the known effects of reducing viscosity by the addition of malt. Two different effects occurred when fermented blends containing malt were cooked: malt addition caused a reduction in viscosity, whereas fermentation led to an increase. Thus adding malt to maize-cowpea blends before fermentation does not reduce viscosity. Adding malt to the blend after fermentation should be tried.
Pain evaluation in a sample of Turkish children with cerebral palsy and its association with dependency level, verbal abilities, and the quality of life of patients and sociodemographic status, depression, and quality of life of their caregivers.

Objectives This study aims to evaluate pain in children with cerebral palsy (CP), to investigate its association with dependency level, verbal abilities, and the quality of life (QoL) of children and sociodemographic status, depression levels, and QoL of their caregivers. Patients and methods Between February 2016 and April 2016, a total of 85 children (56 males, 29 females; mean age 7.1±2.5 years; range, 4 to 12 years) with CP were included. Their sociodemographic data, gross motor functional levels, verbal abilities (verbal and non- verbal) were evaluated. The children were categorized as independent (Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] 1), partially dependent (GMFCS 2,3), and totally dependent (GMFCS 4,5). The Non-Communicating Children's Pain Checklist - Revised (NCCPC-R), the Caregiver Priorities & Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD), the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used for the evaluation. Results A total of 50 (58.8%) of the children were verbal, while 35 (41.2%) were non-verbal. Of the patients, 47.1% were totally dependent, 37.6% were partially dependent, and 15.3% were independent. Pain was less frequent in the independent group, compared to the partially and totally dependent groups (p=0.04; p=0.013). There were no statistically significant difference in perceived pain according to the CPCHILD and NCCPC-R scores, when low and high socioeconomic status were compared (p>0.05). The QoL scores of children who were totally dependent and non-verbal were statistically significantly lower than those of the other children (p=0.0001, p=0.0001). A statistically significantly negative correlation between increased totally dependent children's QoL scores and decreased QoL scores of the caregivers was observed (r=-0.429 p=0.006). The children with pain had a decreased QoL (p=0.03). The QoL of caregivers decreased and the depression scores of caregivers increased, as the pain scores of the children increased (r=0.291, p=0.007; r=-0.455, p=0.0001). Conclusion Our study results show that pain is more frequent in children with CP who are dependent and non-verbal, and it negatively affects the QoL of both caregivers and children. Evaluation of pain and the identification of CP patients who are at high risk of experiencing pain is worthwhile, as these individuals have difficulty in verbalizing pain due to their cognitive problems, although they are at risk of experiencing pain due to chronic physical problems, such as spasticity and contracture, as well as interventions for complicated medical problems.
Disease Profile of Seizure in Children

This study was done in the Departmen tof Paediatrics, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi to final out the disease profile of children Hospitalised with seizure presentation. From 01/01/14 to 31/12/14 period a total of 12,560 children in the age group 6 months to 12 years were admitted in the Paediatric department. Among these 656 (5.2%) children were admitted due to convulsion. 62.8% were male and 37.2% female, 53% febrile and 47% a febrile, 59% were less than 5 years. Generalized tonic clonic convulsion (GTC) was the most common seizure type (72.8%). Febrile convulsion, seizure disorder, meningitis and encephalitis were common causes of convulsion.TAJ 2012; 25: 35-37
Androecium development of Oxypetalum appendiculatum Mart. (Apocynaceae): A Taxonomic Approach

Circa 80% of the neotropical species of Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae) belong to the “MOOG Clade”, whose interrelations are poorly established. This study describes the floral morphology, anther development, microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, and pollinarium and pollen grain morphology of Oxypetalum appendiculatum to foster future taxonomic work. In addition to typical morphological features of Asclepiadoideae, as a bifid vinaceous appendix and a translator with a laterally expanded retinaculum, flowers present a clear division of stamens into three groups, with respect to size and arrangement in the flower, which has not yet been reported in the literature. Stamens present connate, subsessile filaments, bisporangiate anthers with six parietal layers, and dicotyledonous development. Endothecium is unthickened; secretory tapetum is biseriate on the adaxial side and multiseriate on the abaxial surface. Successive microsporogenesis produces linear tetrads. Single pollen grains, united in pollinia, are tricellular and inaperturate. Features as bisporangiate anthers and successive microsporogenesis delimit the subfamily. Unthickened endothecium may indicate a derived position of O. appendiculatum in the “MOOG Clade”.
Strangulated Small Bowel Obstruction in Paracecal Hernia and Laparoscopic Approach: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Internal hernia (IH) is an infrequent cause of small bowel obstruction, and paracecal hernia (PH) is very rare. The etiology is related to congenital or acquired causes. The current report was on the case of a 67-year-old male admitted to surgical emergency department for a small bowel obstruction due to a PH. The patient was taken to theatre and underwent a laparoscopic-assisted procedure of small bowel resection for strangulation. The postoperative course was uneventful. As demonstrated in literature, the most important diagnostic tool is contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) (when possible with reformatted images). Early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention is paramount to achieve a good outcome. Laparoscopic approach seems to have an interesting role in such conditions. A further review of literature was performed to highlight the current “state of art” in diagnostic and therapeutic management, especially with regard to laparoscopic approach, of this rare disease.