Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conduction delays across the specialized conduction system of the heart: Revisiting atrioventricular node (AVN) and Purkinje-ventricular junction (PVJ) delays

Background and significance The specialized conduction system (SCS) of the heart was extensively studied to understand the synchronization of atrial and ventricular contractions, the large atrial to His bundle (A-H) delay through the atrioventricular node (AVN), and delays between Purkinje (P) and ventricular (V) depolarization at distinct junctions (J), PVJs. Here, we use optical mapping of perfused rabbit hearts to revisit the mechanism that explains A-H delay and the role of a passive electrotonic step-delay at the boundary between atria and the AVN. We further visualize how the P anatomy controls papillary activation and valve closure before ventricular activation. Methods Rabbit hearts were perfused with a bolus (100–200 µl) of a voltage-sensitive dye (di4ANEPPS), blebbistatin (10–20 µM for 20 min) then the right atrial appendage and ventricular free-wall were cut to expose the AVN, P fibers (PFs), the septum, papillary muscles, and the endocardium. Fluorescence images were focused on a CMOS camera (SciMedia) captured at 1K-5 K frames/s from 100 × 100 pixels. Results AP propagation across the AVN-His (A-H) exhibits distinct patterns of delay and conduction blocks during S1–S2 stimulation. Refractory periods were 81 ± 9, 90 ± 21, 185 ± 15 ms for Atrial, AVN, and His, respectively. A large delay (>40 ms) occurs between atrial and AVN activation that increased during rapid atrial pacing contributing to the development of Wenckebach periodicity followed by delays within the AVN through slow or blocked conduction. The temporal resolution of the camera allowed us to identify PVJs by detecting doublets of AP upstrokes. PVJ delays were heterogeneous, fastest in PVJ that immediately trigger ventricular APs (3.4 ± 0.8 ms) and slow in regions where PF appear insulated from the neighboring ventricular myocytes (7.8 ± 2.4 ms). Insulated PF along papillary muscles conducted APs (>2 m/s), then triggered papillary muscle APs (<1 m/s), followed by APs firing of septum and endocardium. The anatomy of PFs and PVJs produced activation patterns that control the sequence of contractions ensuring that papillary contractions close the tricuspid valve 2–5 ms before right ventricular contractions. Conclusions The specialized conduction system can be accessed optically to investigate the electrical properties of the AVN, PVJ and activation patterns in physiological and pathological conditions.
Influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker’s Yeast) on the Fermentation of Ogi-A Nigerian Fermented Food

9.80 x 10 7 to 1.26 x 10 14 cfu/mL. While, the fungal count increased within narrow ranges from 3.0 X 10 7 up to 3.2X10 13 cfu/mL. The coliform counts were reduced steadily and completely disappeared after 48 hours of fermentation. The four ogi preparations were quite high in their moisture contents (7 0 - 76.5%). The crude protein contents fluctuated between 1.82 and 5.47% in the (4) ogi products. This work showed that ogi prepared from unsprouted maize grains and without yeast fermentation ranked highest with regard to highest protein content and sensory evaluation and received overall acceptability of 7.
Application of Active Packaging in Refrigerated Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fillets Treated with UV-C Radiation

This study investigated the effects of oxygen-scavenger packaging and UV-C radiation at two doses, alone or in combination, on lipid oxidation (malondialdehyde levels), protein oxidation (carbonyl content), instrumental color and texture parameters in rainbow trout fillets stored at 4 ± 1 ◦C for 9 days. The treatments were AP (air packaging), OSP (oxygen-scavenger packaging), AUV1 (air packaging + UV-C at 0.102 J/cm2), OSUV1 (oxygen-scavenger packaging + UV-C at 0.102 J/cm2), AUV3 (air packaging + UV-C at 0.301 J/cm2), and OSUV3 (oxygen-scavenger packaging + UV-C at 0.301 J/cm2). Lipid oxidation, protein oxidation, lightness and yellowness increased, while redness, hardness and chewiness decreased during storage in all treatments (p < 0.05). OSP, OSUV1 and OSUV3 exhibited lower yellowness, total color difference (∆E), lipid and protein oxidation, and higher redness, hardness and chewiness than air packaging (AP; p < 0.05), being similar to each other concerning these parameters throughout storage (p > 0.05). AUV3 showed higher lipid oxidation, protein oxidation, yellowness, ∆E, and lower redness, hardness and chewiness followed by AUV1 than AP (p < 0.05). UV-C at these doses was not adequate for refrigerated trout fillets by inducing oxidative degradation. O2 scavenger was effective in preventing the adverse effects from storage period and UV-C, independently of the dose, and could be a simple and powerful alternative to make feasible the industrial application of UV-C at 0.102 and 0.301 J/cm2 in refrigerated rainbow trout fillets, which has proven antimicrobial effect and it is a promising non-thermal technology for the fish production chain.
Aspectos econômicos da pesca de atuns e afins associada a uma boia oceânica no atlântico oeste equatorial

The present study describes the economic aspects of the activities of part of the motorized fleet based at Areia Branca, Rio Grande do Norte State, which has developed a fishing method for tunas and tuna-like species associated to an offshore buoy, located in the Western Equatorial Atlantic. The fleet consists of seven motorized boats with average length of 14 m, using hand lines, fishing rods and trolling as fishing gears. In the period between June/2010 and May/2011, seven fishing trips of one boat were carried out, which generated to an overall cost of R$ 169,215.20. The main items responsible for the variable costs were hand labor payments (41.78%) and fuel (39.15%). A total catch of 26,040 kg of fish accounted for revenues of R$ 174,892.00. Were observed as indicators: net profit of R$ 25,926.80; gross profit of R$ 41,016.80; and a 3% profit margin.
FORMULA FOR THE WELL-BEING OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS: 3R + 1R

Animals were first used for research purposes at the beginning of the development of both biology and medicine. However, the expansion in the use of animals for laboratory purposes began in the 19th century. During an experiment, animals may experience fear, deprivation, disease, and various degrees of pain. Animal Protection activists oppose to animal experiments and it is, therefore, necessary to harmonize the worldwide regulations on the use of animals for scientific purposes. More than 50 years ago, Russell and Burch were the first to define the 3R rule. It consists of the following three principles: Replacement, Reduction and Refinement. Over time, one more R was added to stand for Responsibility, meaning a responsible behavior of those who implement the 3R rule. Replacement means that, if possible, each experimental animal model should be replaced by an in vitro method or be reduced to a smaller number of animals used. Reduction is defined as a reduced number of animals used to obtain certain experimental information, while Refinement is a reduction in the frequency or severity of inhumane procedures applied to animals that have yet to be used. The 3R (+1R) rule has its drawbacks, but it is a very important aspect of animal use regulation, which is essential. These rules are used to direct animal users towards an adequate experimental model, but also to be a reminder of the appropriate use of experimental animals at a given time.
Self-directed Learning in Music Teacher Education: Perspectives from Pre-service Music Teachers in South Korea

This aim of this study is to investigate the perspectives of Korean pre-service music teachers on self-directed thesis seminar conducted in the graduate teacher education program. This research focused on 1) the attitude of pre-service music teachers towards self-directed thesis seminar and 2) the impact of self-directed thesis seminar on the progress of the pre-service music teachers’ performance. Ten pre-service music teachers participated in the researcher’s thesis seminar. The results demonstrated that most of the participants were anxious and insecure in managing the various educational resources as well as monitoring the progress of their study. However, the self-directed thesis seminar has indirectly provided the participants with a new learning environment to manage their own goals, initiate their own learning, and responsible for their own progress and outcomes. The findings also showed that collaborative learning is essential as an instructional approach in self-directed learning to enable the participants to share their views from different perspectives and develop critical thinking.
Mechanism and influence factor analysis of heat transfer deterioration of transcritical methane

A three‐dimensional simulation, of transcritical flow, and heat transfer of methane, under asymmetric heating conditions, were performed. The simulation results demonstrated that the drastic changes in density at the pseudo critical temperature lead to an M‐type velocity distribution, which plays a dominant role in the deterioration of heat transfer. The specific heat affects the location of the deterioration, while the thermal conductivity and viscosity affect only the wall temperature magnitude, whereas they do not affect the occurrence and location of heat transfer deterioration. The M‐type velocity gradually disappears with the inlet mass flow rate increasing, indicating that heat transfer deterioration was eliminated. In addition, there is a critical inlet pressure of 10 MPa. When the inlet pressure is less than critical inlet pressure, heat transfer is improved with the inlet pressure's increase. However, when the inlet pressure is higher than critical inlet pressure, with inlet pressure increasing further, the decrease in the peak specific heat value will weaken the heat absorption capacity of methane, making the deterioration more severe. The deterioration of heat transfer will be improved by increasing the wall roughness, while the pressure drop will also be increased. The optimal wall roughness of 7 μm can be selected by using the thermal performance factor.
Detecting labour submarkets from worker-mobility networks: a preliminary study

Despite widespread recognition that the aggregate labour market is composed of a number of heterogeneous submarkets, there is little guidance on how to appropriately delineate such submar-kets when conducting economic research. This paper contributes to a small but growing body of work addressing this issue by exploring the potential for community detection algorithms to delineate labour submarkets using observed patterns of labour market mobility. Two alternative approaches to community detection – modularity maximisation and stochastic block model estimation – are compared from a theoretical perspective and implemented on network data formed by worker transitions observed in the UK between 2011 and 2019. The theoretical comparison shows the two approaches implement very diﬀerent deﬁnitions of labour submarkets, while the empirical application ﬁnds they also produce diﬀerent submarket partitions in practice. This highlights that future research using community detection methods to delineate labour submarkets should ideally implement both approaches and examine whether any subsequent results are robust to the choice between them. Additional analysis looks at how occupational skill requirements change following worker transitions and how they vary within labour submarkets. This provides preliminary evidence that diﬀerences in manual skill requirements are a greater impediment to occupational changes that are made involuntarily than diﬀerences in non-manual skill requirements.
“The appraisal prepared for keeping an eye out for the upkeep of twenty to thirty-year-olds representatives of Indian endeavors in Delhi: An advancing test looked by different associations over the globe”

Abstract Experiencing childhood in the innovation time and intensely put resources into longer full-time instruction, the millennial workforce holds one of kind qualities that may impact significant occupation results. The present examination is planned for researching the effect of coaching on the expectation to remain of twenty to thirty-year-olds representatives working in different Indian industry. Likewise, the intervening jobs of apparent association support and emotional commitment are inspected. Essential information was gathered from a test of 314 twenty to thirty-year-olds representatives (born between 1980–2000) from the different industries in Delhi, NCR India. An information examination was completed utilizing AMOS and SPSS to test successive intercession. Discoveries uncover that coaching impacts expectation to remain of twenty to thirty-year-olds representatives, perception hierarchical help, and emotional responsibility successively intervene in the connection between the two.
Improved intelligent vehicle self-localization with integration of sparse visual map and high-speed pavement visual odometry

Localization is a fundamental requirement for intelligent vehicles. Conventional localization methods usually suffer from various limitations, such as low accuracy and blocked areas for Global Positioning System, high cost for inertial navigation system or light detection and ranging, and low robustness for visual simultaneous localization and mapping or visual odometry. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel localization method integrated with a sparse visual map and a high-speed pavement visual odometry. We use a lateral-view camera to sense the sparse visual map node for accurate map-based localization. We use a down-view high-speed camera for odometry computation between two sparse visual map nodes. With a high-speed camera, it is possible to extract and track pavement features with stable resolution imaging even in high-speed movement. We also develop a data-driven motion model for the Kalman filter to fuse the localization results from the sparse map and the high-speed pavement visual odometry to enhance vehicle localization. The proposed method was tested in two different scenarios in different pavement conditions. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can improve vehicle localization with low cost and high feasibility.
Relationships Between Isometric Strength and the 74.84-kg (165-lb) Body Drag Test in Law Enforcement Recruits

Abstract This study investigated whether: law enforcement recruits could complete a 74.84-kg (165-lb) body drag without specific training; relationships between the body drag and absolute and relative isometric grip and leg/back strength could be established to assist with training recommendations; a strength baseline needed to complete the 74.84-kg body drag could be established. Retrospective analysis on a recruit class (72 males, 21 females) from one agency was conducted. Recruits completed the body drag, and had strength assessed by hand grip and leg/back dynamometers in the week before academy. The body drag required the recruit to lift the dummy to standing and drag it 9.75 m as quickly as possible. Independent samples t-tests calculated between-sex differences in the drag and strength measures. Recruits were ranked according to drag time to describe the strength of recruits that could not perform the task. Pearson’s correlations and a stepwise linear regression calculated relationships between the body drag and isometric strength. Male recruits completed the drag faster and were stronger than females (p < 0.001). Only two females could not complete the drag, and they had leg/back strength below 100 kg. Greater absolute (r = -0.599 and -0.677) and relative (r = -0.261 and -0.322) grip (combined score) and leg/back strength, respectively, related to a faster drag. Absolute leg/back strength predicted the body drag (r2 = 0.444). Improving absolute isometric grip and leg/back strength could enhance dragging ability. A minimum isometric leg/back strength score of 100 kg may be needed to perform a 74.84-kg body drag.
Multiplication and in vitro rooting of Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. Ex DC.) Mattos

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a influência das citocininas durante o estágio de multiplicação in vitro e a combinação entre carvão ativado com o ácido indol-3-butírico (AIB) durante o enraizamento in vitro de Handroanthus impetiginosus. Para a multiplicação in vitro, os segmentos nodais dos brotos obtidos a partir do estabelecimento de plântulas in vitro foram inoculados em meio de cultura Woody Plant Medium (WPM), com e sem as seguintes concentrações de 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP), cinetina (KIN) e tidiazuron (TDZ): 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 4,0 e 8,0 µmol L-1. Para o enraizamento in vitro, brotos foram inoculados em meio WPM contendo combinações entre AIB (1,0; 3,0; 6,0 e 9,0 μmol L-1) e carvão ativado (1,0; 2,0 e 3,0 g L‑1), bem como suas ausências no meio de cultura. O maior número de brotos e gemas foi alcançado após usar 8,0 μmol L-1 de TDZ, enquanto que o melhor enraizamento ocorreu após a adição de 2,0 g L-1 de carvão ativado, independente da concentração de AIB. Nossos resultados mostram que usar TDZ em níveis adequados para o estágio de multiplicação in vitro seguido pelo uso de 2,0 g L-1 de carvão ativado para obter brotos bem enraizados é eficiente para a micropropagação de ipê-roxo de maneira rápida e com baixo custo, além de fornecer conhecimento sobre como manter esta espécie ameaçada de extinção em um ambiente in vitro podendo ajudar outros estudos de conservação.
Current knowledge of Umbrian macrofungi (central Italy)

Abstract An annotated checklist of 1016 species of fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), which have been recorded in 95 different localities, from 1990 to 2015, is presented for Umbria (Italy). The checklist was compiled from records of Umbrian fungi in scientific publications, unpublished lists and personal observations. This work represents the first comprehensive checklist of macrofungi for Umbria. Even if not complete, an exhaustive overview of the current knowledge of the mycobiota of Umbria is presented. Although a large amount of the regional territory has still to be explored for mycological diversity, this study offers an important support in compiling red-lists of endangered macrofungi, as well as to identify indicator species of particular habitats to be considered for wildlife reserves, as is currently done in many European countries.
Recent research progress in combatting root parasitic weeds

ABSTRACT The obligate root parasitic Orobanchaceae plants Striga, Orobanche and Phelipanche spp. parasitize economically important crops, vegetables and oil plants. They are the most devastating agricultural weed pests worldwide. Based on an analysis of the climatic requirements of these parasites, very large areas of new territory are at risk of invasion if care is not taken. Recent research in combatting root parasitic weeds was reviewed based on scientific papers reported from 2010 and onwards. The countermeasures fell into eight kinds: resistant varieties, tolerant varieties, microbiological approach, cultural practices, chemical controls, host-induced gene silencing, integrated management and dissemination of technologies including the current situation survey. The development of practical, feasible and economical control technologies against root parasitic weeds would be expected by advancing and combining the countermeasures.
The concept of lichen refugia classification. A proposal based on the case study of Krajeńskie Lakeland, Poland

The article presents a proposal for the classification of lichen refuges based on the research conducted in the Krajenskie Lakeland in 2009-2014. Four types of refuges have been distinguished during the research: 1 - primeval (natural) - associated with the least transformed areas, 2 – regenerative (semi-natural) – with species of high conservation value, spread by natural forces despite a small anthropogenic impact, 3 – colonized (anthropogenic) – solely formed by human activity and extraneously inhabited by adventive lichens, 4 – incidental (spontaneous) – formed instantaneously as a result of a favourable situation or an event. The last type was not found in the course of the study. The publication presents the characteristics of all types of refuges along with a key for their identification.
POSSIBILITY OF TREATING AGRICULTURAL BYPRODUCTS BY EXOGENOUS ENZYMES AND ANEAROBIC BACTERIA TO PRODUCE RUMINANT FEEDS

Raafat Mahmoud Mohamed Gomaa. Possibility of Treating Agricultural by-products by Exogenous Enzymes and Anaerobic Bacteria to Produce Ruminant Feeds. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, 2012. The objectives of this study were to verify the potential benefits of growing green barley on anaerobic enzyme (ZAD) treated rice straw. In addition, the work intended to investigate the effect of this treatment on digestibility parameters in Ossimi sheep. A complete random design was used to distribute twelve mature male of Ossimi sheep (45.0 +0.5 Kg wt.) on the following treatments: Rice straw with grown barley (RSGB) without either ZAD or orange pulp (control, T1), RSGB plus ZAD (T2), RSGB plus orange pulp (T3) and RSGB + ZAD + orange pulp (T4). The obtained results could be summarized as follow 1Significant decreases were observed in %CF from 38.09 for T1 to 32.01 and 30.02 for rations T4 and T2 respectively (P< 0.05). Percentage values of NDF were 70.01, 72.10 and 76.01 for rations T4, T2 and T1 respectively (P< 0.05); while %ADF values were 50.05, 52.10 and 58.10 for rations T4, T2 and T1 respectively (P< 0.05) and %ADL was 6.01for T4 versus 8.01for T1. And significant increases in %CP content to 7.96, 7.10, 7.95 for ration T4, T3, T2 respectively compared to the control ration was 5.75 (P< 0.05). 2Adding ZAD to RSGB significantly increased (p< 0.05) %TDN to 55.02 and 59.02 for treatments T2 and T4 respectively and increased digestibility coefficients of CP to 72.43 and 77.70 respectively. 3Rams fed rations T2, T3 and T4 had significantly higher values of ruminal ammonia-N 3 hrs. post feeding values were 25.41, 25.03, 25.96 mg/100ml respectively and total volatile fatty acids 3 hrs. post feeding were 8.20, 8.13 and 8.26 m.eq/100ml respectively. 4Adding either ZAD, orange pulp or both to RSGB significantly increased (p<.05) plasma total protein values were 6.43, 6.23, 5.82 g/dl for treatments T4, T3, T2 respectively , while treating rations with ZAD reflected low level of GPT 6 hrs. post feeding values were 20.64 and 20.61 for treatments T2 and T4 respectively versus T1 (20.90 μ/l). It could be concluded that anaerobic enzyme matrix (ZAD) improved the nutritive value of soilless green barley and improved their digestibility coefficients in Ossimi sheep ZAD is a compound of enzymes are separated from anaerobic bacteria separated from the rumen, it contain a mixture of cellulase, hemicellulase, protease and alpha amylase enzymes.