Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pterosaur swim tracks and other ichnological evidence of behaviour and ecology

Abstract New finds of pterosaur tracks (cf. Pteraichnus) from the Summerville and Sundance formations (Late Jurassic) of western North America associated with elongate scrape marks and small circular paired depressions indicate that pterosaurs could swim, or at least float in water, and that they may have fed on small animals living at the sediment surface in shallow water. In this respect their behaviour resembled certain seabirds. The ichnological evidence for pterosaur ‘swim’ and ‘feeding’ traces consists of scrape marks interpreted as traces left when the paddling limb of a pterosaur registered on the substrate, and small circular paired depressions as traces left when the beak of a pterosaur was probing for food. Such traces resulting from aquatic activity are consistent with the nearshore environments in which pterosaur bones and trackways have been found. There is growing evidence for an extensive and complex Pteraichnus ichnofacies in the Late Jurassic of western North America; over 80 specimens have been collected with many more remaining in the field. In particular we draw attention to the large quantitative data base that is available for morphometric, size-frequency studies and the potential for behavioural studies of individual locomotion and flocking. In addition the sites hold considerable promise for understanding what appears to be the world’s largest pterosaur ichnofacies in the context of ancient depositional environments and regional sequence stratigraphy.
Highly Efficient Pure Sine Wave Inverter Using Microcontroller for Photovoltaic Applications

This paper presents design and testing of a highly efficient single phase sine wave inverter, tailored for photovoltaic (PV) applications, to yield a 50 Hz pure sine wave output signal of 250 Vrms- PIC 18F4550 microcontroller is utilized for generating pulse width modulated (PWM) pulses, integrated with a high-speed CMOS logic quad 2-input multiplexer to produce an alternating signal at the H Bridge load. By employing closed-loop control, output waveform distortion is minimized for inductive as well as capacitive loads. Proteus software-based simulations are carried out to evaluate the design performance. Notably, in contrast to the conventional inverters, inverter module is designed for lower harmonic distortion and built through a simple and practical design. The proposed inverter is practically tested for different AC loads focusing sensitive devices that require pure and efficient sine waves.
Flow of asymmetric elongated particles

Shear induced orientational ordering of asymmetric elongated particles is investigated experimentally. Corn grains and pegs with one end sharpened are studied using x-ray computed tomography during quasistatic shearing and silo discharge. We show that asymmetries can be detected in the orientational distributions of the particles, which are related to the modulated rotation of the particles during shear flow. Namely, when the particles rotate in a plane that is not horizontal, they spend more time with the sharper (lighter) end pointing up, which can be explained using energetic arguments. We quantify the resulting asymmetry of the orientational distribution in a split bottom Couette cell and in a silo discharge process.
Is Age a Limiting Factor for Audiological Results in Active Middle Ear Implants?

Active middle ear implants (AMEI) are implantable options for patients with sensorineural, conductive, or mixed hearing loss who are not good candidates for hearing aids. The aim of this study was to compare audiological, surgical, quality of life, and sound quality outcomes in adults <60 and ≥60 years receiving an AMEI. Twenty adult patients who underwent AMEI implantation were divided into two groups, <60 and ≥60 y. Preoperative tests included pure-tone average and speech discrimination score (SDS) at 65 dB for disyllabic words in quiet. Postoperative measures included AMEI-aided bone conduction threshold, free-field warble-tone threshold, and SDS at 65 dB for disyllabic words in quiet 12 months after the AMEI fitting. Subjective benefit was evaluated using the Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ), Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI), and Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index (HISQUI19). Mean functional gain was 32 and 30 dB, and SDS at 65 dB improved from 19 to 95% and from 31 to 84% in the <60 and ≥60 y groups, respectively. All NCIQ domains improved following surgery, and all patients had a positive overall GBI score. The mean HISQUI19 score was 97 in both age groups. AMEIs are an effective hearing restoration method for older adults suffering from conductive or mixed hearing loss.
Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Geology of the New Madrid Seismic Zone

Structure-contour maps constructed from well, seismic reflection, and outcrop data of the tops of the Paleozoic section, Upper Cretaceous section, Paleocene Midway Group, and Eocene section illustrate the post-Paleozoic structure of the New Madrid seismic zone region. Isopach maps of the Late Cretaceous section, Midway Group, and Eocene section help constrain the timing of the structural events. These maps, which encompass much of the northern Mississippi embayment, reveal reactivation of the underlying late Precambrian/Cambrian Reelfoot rift during Midway Group deposition but no reactivation during Late Cretaceous or Eocene deposition. The structure-contour maps also indicate a subtle, south-plunging depression on the tops of the Paleozoic, Upper Cretaceous, and Midway Group along the axis of the northern Mississippi embayment that we have called a trench. This trench is 50-km wide, has a maximum depth of 100 m, and appears to have formed during the Eocene. The trench's western boundary coincides with the Blytheville arch/Lake County uplift and its southeastern margin underlies Memphis, Tennessee. The Blytheville arch/Lake County uplift is the structure responsible for the New Madrid seismic zone, and thus it is possible that the southeastern margin of the trench is also a fault zone. Northern Mississippi embayment post-Paleozoic stratigraphy consists of sands, silts, and clays that thicken from 477 m at New Madrid, Missouri, to 987 m near Memphis, Tennessee. The uniformity of these sediments indicates their elastic properties and therefore seismic velocities are very similar; however, variations in cementation and unconformities within the section may influence seismic-wave propagation. Manuscript received 17 June 1999.
We are all in the same boat: The welfare and carbon abatement effects of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism

: Amid the escalating global climate crisis, the European Union (EU) has assumed a prominent role by introducing the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). This initiative aims to bolster climate action and mitigate carbon leakage. Nevertheless, considerable debate surrounds the practical efficacy of this measure and its conformity with World Trade Organization (WTO) regulations. This paper's objective is to quantitatively evaluate the welfare and carbon abatement effects of CBAM on the EU and other prominent economies. We develop a comprehensive multi-country, multi-sector general equilibrium model that incorporates EU carbon tariffs, global production networks, and carbon emissions to achieve this goal. The estimation of key parameters is conducted through a structural methodology that directly evaluates the impacts on welfare and carbon emissions resulting from unilateral or multilateral low-carbon policies. The analysis revealed that CBAM would enhance the welfare of the EU, Japan, South Korea, Norway, Switzerland, and the United States. Conversely, all other economies would experience a reduction in welfare, with Russia suffering the most significant loss and China the least. Furthermore, despite CBAM's effective global carbon emission reduction, its impact on the EU's domestic carbon reduction is limited. Counterfactual analyses indicate that global carbon emissions decrease in scenarios involving a globally standardized carbon pricing mechanism, China's elevation of carbon pricing alongside a carbon tariff, and the European Union's extension of taxation to all sectors. However, these scenarios result in substantial disparities in welfare levels among countries, with the most substantial reduction in global carbon emissions occurring exclusively with a globally harmonized carbon price, accompanied by the
Characteristics and genesis of the Pingdingshan mega- augen gneissic granite in the eastern Tianshan Mountain areas.

Taking the Pingdingshan granite as an example, this paper investigates characteristics and genesis of augen gneissic granites of the late Jinning Cycle in the eastern Tianshan Mountain areas. Field relations, petrography, petrochemistry, rare earth elements, trace elements and isotopes indicate that the Pingdingshan granite, with a Rb-Sr isochron age of 927 Ma, was formed essentially by in situ transformation of metamorphosed island arc calc-alkaline volcanosedimentary rocks. Driving factors including heat could be ascribed to post-collisional delamination of the Tianshan lithosphere. Delamination-induced underplating and intraplating caused ductile shearing of the overlying crustal rock, such that partial melting, melt and fluid migration, and chemical reactions were highly enhanced, whereas melts and fluids themselves promoted further ductile shearing and transformed the deformed and metamorphosed rocks at higher levels into the gneissic granite. Formation of the this granite is resultant from a complex feed back of partial melting, ductile shearing and fluid activity. Petrogenesis being dominated by interaction of deep-sourced melts and fluids with protoliths in accompany with minor partial melting, geochemistry of such a kind of in situ gneissic granites is constrained by both protoliths and external melts and fluids. Underplating and intraplating are important manners of vertical accretion of the crust during late- to post-orogenic compresion-exention conversion, and gneissic granites like that at Pingdingshan are produced just by such a type of vertical accretion.
Measles epidemiological surveillance system before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pernambuco, Brazil, 2018-2022: a descriptive evaluation

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the measles epidemiological surveillance system, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pernambuco, Brazil. Methods: This was a descriptive evaluation of the quality (duplicity; completeness; consistency), timeliness and usefulness attributed, classified as excellent ≥ 90.0%, regular ≥ 70.0% and < 90.0%, and poor (< 70.0%). Data from the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System and Laboratory Environment Management System were used, before (03/11/2018-03/10/2020) and during (03/11/2020-03/10/2022) the pandemic. Results: 1,548 suspected measles cases were registered (1,469 before and 79 during the pandemic). In the two periods studied, there were 11 and 1 duplicate records, average completeness in filling out the variables was 99.2% and 95.7%, while average consistency was 96.7% and 97.5%, respectively. Timeliness (receipt of samples, 16.2% and 33.0%. Release of results, 1.3% and 1.3%) and usefulness (43.5% and 24.4%) were poor. Conclusion: Quality was classified as excellent in the periods studied, timeliness and usefulness were classified as poor, signaling non-compliance with the purpose of the system.
Safety and Efficacy of Concurrent Atezolizumab/Bevacizumab or Nivolumab Combination Therapy with Yttrium-90 Radioembolization of Advanced Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combining yttrium-90 radioembolization (Y90-RE) with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, consecutive advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated between 2016 and 2022 with atezolizumab/bevacizumab or nivolumab within three-months pre- and post-Y90-RE were retrospectively evaluated. Tumor response and treatment-related clinical/laboratory adverse events (AE) were assessed at 1 and 6 months, as well as differences in clinical and laboratory variables and median overall survival (OS) from initial treatment (whether it was Y90-RE or systemic therapy) between the two cohorts. A total of 19 patients (10 atezolizumab/bevacizumab; 9 nivolumab), comprising 84% males with median age 69 years, met the inclusion criteria. Compared to the atezolizumab/bevacizumab group, there were less males (100% vs. 67%; p = 0.02) and more ECOG ≥ 2 patients in the nivolumab group (0% vs. 33%; p = 0.02). Baseline characteristics or incidence of 6-month post-treatment any-grade AE (60% vs. 56%; p = 0.7), grade ≥ 3 AE (0% vs. 11%; p = 0.3), objective response (58% total, 60% vs. 56%; p = 0.7), and complete response (16% total; 10% vs. 22%; p = 0.8) were similar between the atezolizumab/bevacizumab and the nivolumab cohorts. Median OS was 12.9 months for the whole cohort, 16.4 months for nivolumab, and 10.7 months for atezolizumab/bevacizumab. Among patients with advanced unresectable HCC, the utilization of Y90-RE concurrently or within 90 days of nivolumab or atezolizumab/bevacizumab immunotherapy, appears to be well-tolerated and with a low incidence of severe AE.
Youths' social-economic dynamics and the decline in food crops farming in Akoko Region of Ondo State, Nigeria

Before now, food crops are cultivated on almost all arable farmlands of the entire Akoko settlements area of Nigeria. Food crops were also the second major sources of farmers’ income after cocoa (the major cash crop). Today, over 75% of food crops are brought to this sub-region from other regions. For instance, the bulk of yams, maize, corns, and sweet potatoes originate from Nassarawa, Benue and Kogi. This may be attributed to the fact that majority of the youths have lost interest in food farming and therefore diverted their interest to alternative livelihood. The present study assessed the impacts of youth’s socio-economic dynamics on food crops farming in Nigeria using Akoko area of Ondo State sub-region as a case study. Information for this study was generated through structured questionnaires and personal field observation. Results show that the increase diversion of active youths from farming to alternative sources of livelihoods including bus/car drivers, barbing saloon, mechanics, trade, utility biking to transport people as well as other engagements such as political hooliganism is to blame for the decline in food crops production in Akoko area. Further, failure to take into account the impacts of climate change on farming, lack of stakeholder involvement and low level of public awareness on the importance of food crop farming by grass-root farmers has also disoriented the youth into other activities away from food crop farming. Daily sustenance/earning especially utility biking known as “okada” are now the livelihood engagements among youths in Akoko area. Consequently, the number of food crop farmers has continue to decline since 1990 while the number of okada riders has exponentially increased during 1995 through 2010 providing a source of livelihood to about 21% of the total youth.
SOIL CARBON STOCK PATTERNS OF DIFFERENT LAND USE TYPES IN THE LOWER LHASA RIVER VALLEY, TIBET PLATEAU

The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and the effect of land use change on soil organic carbon storage are studied at Dagze farm in the lower reaches of Lhasa River Valley, Tibetan Plateau. Generally, soil organic matter in the valley is low. However, soil organic matters in swamp meadow and poplar forest are relatively higher than those of other soil types. Soil organic carbon accumulated relatively in lower soil layer in swamp meadow, poplar forest and scrub-steppe, while soil organic carbon distributed evenly in arable soils such as farmland, wasteland and plant nursery. The carbon density and carbon storage increased while conversion from farmland to abandoned wasteland, plant nursery and poplar forest, of which there was a greater carbon sequestration in poplar forest conversed from farmland. The Dagze farm had a soil pool of 1.071×104 Mg organic carbon in land area of 283.039 hm2, of which meadow soil and scrub-steppe soil accounted for 77.6% organic carbon in 51.9% of land area.
Evaluation of the Quality of Research Projects of Universities of Transport Engineering Based on the Portfolio Management Information System

The study is aimed at the efficiency improvement of the implementation of research projects by developing terms of reference for the information system for managing scientific activities of higher education in the transport sector. The information system will make it possible to automatically evaluate research projects, taking into account the criteria for the expected results and the achievements of the authors in the scientific field. It is proposed to include in the technical task a mechanism for evaluating performance criteria that will allow evaluation of the quality of research projects to further commercialize the results. The given technical task for the information system will allow the formation of an effective and attractive portfolio of research projects for the University of transport engineering, private investors and government agencies and increase the degree of commercialization of scientific results obtained as part of the implementation of research projects in higher educational institutions.
Ginsenoside Rg3 Protects against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Promotes Adiponectin Signaling via Activation of PPAR-γ

Ginsenoside Rg3 extracted from Panax notoginseng has therapeutic effects on diabetes and heart diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains unclear. 24-week-old diabetic db/db mice were treated with ginsenoside Rg3 for 12 weeks, then body weight, serum lipids, adiponectin levels, as well as cardiac function and pathological morphology, were measured. The targets of ginsenoside Rg3 and its regulation of the adiponectin pathway were also evaluated on 3T3-L1 or H9c2 cells. Ginsenoside Rg3 directly bound to PPAR-γ, improving adiponectin secretion and promoting adiponectin signaling. Significantly attenuated overweight, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia, as well as alleviated lipid accumulation and dysfunction in adipose, liver, and heart tissues, were observed in the ginsenoside Rg3-treated group. Ginsenoside Rg3 could be a promising drug targeting PPAR-γ to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Growth, Yield, and Tuber Quality of Potato with Foliar Application of Tryptophan and Its Derivatives

-TRYPTOPHAN as an essential amino acid and its derivatives (indole-3-acetic acid and melatonin) have profound impacts on plant growth and development. In the present study, the aim is to investigate the effect of foliar application of tryptophan, indole-3-acetic acid, and melatonin on vegetative growth, mineral content of vegetative growth, SPAD readings, tuber productivity and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) plants cv. Spunta. Tryptophan was used at three concentrations (1, 2, and 4 mM), indole acetic acid at three levels (0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mM), and melatonin at three concentrations (50, 100 and 200 μM), while water served as a control treatment. The foliar sprayings were applied three times during the growth period of potato plants, 35, 49, and 63 days after planting. The experiment design was a complete randomized block design with three replicates. This work was implemented at the Experimental Farm of the Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El-Kheima, Qalubia Governorate, Egypt for the two consecutive summer seasons of 2021 and 2022. Results showed that foliar application of tryptophan, melatonin, and indole-3-acetic acid enhanced the vegetative growth, mineral content, and tubers yield and quality of potato as compared to the control treatment. Moreover, foliar application of melatonin at 100 and 200 μM, tryptophan at 4 mM, and indole-3-acetic acid at 1.2 mM showed the highest significant increase in growth, yield, and quality of potato. In conclusion, spraying of melatonin at 100 μM or tryptophan at 4 mM or indole-3-acetic acid at 1.2 mM could be used to enhance growth, tubers yield, and quality of potato plants cv. Spunta.
Translation Method of Metaphorical Speech in Dead Poets Society Movie: A Qualitative Analysis

This study aims to explore the method of translating metaphorical utterances in the Dead Poets Society movie, given the challenges metaphors pose in conveying meanings through comparisons. The research design adopts a qualitative approach, with data collected through direct observation, including watching, understanding, classifying, and analyzing 26 randomly selected metaphorical samples. The study reveals that semantic translation dominates the transmission of metaphorical meaning, with translators oriented towards the semantic and syntactic structure of the source language. Translators tend to employ word-for-word, literal, semantic, and faithful translation techniques. The implications of the findings suggest that semantic translation is more prevalent than communicative translation in conveying messages and meanings, with literal translation being the most widely used method. However, some sentences were left untranslated in the target language. This study provides valuable insights for translation studies, contributing to a better understanding of metaphor translation and its impact on communication in movie contexts. Highlight: Methodological Approach: The study adopts a qualitative research design to explore translation methods used in metaphorical utterances in the Dead Poets Society movie. Dominance of Semantic Translation: The analysis reveals that semantic translation is the primary approach employed by translators in conveying metaphorical meaning, emphasizing the importance of semantic and syntactic structure of the source language. Implications for Translation: The study highlights the prevalence of word-for-word, literal, semantic, and faithful translation methods, shedding light on the challenges of translating metaphors and their impact on conveying messages and meanings. Keyword: Translation Methods, Metaphorical Utterances, Dead Poets Society Movie, Semantic Translation, Qualitative Research
Geochemistry of hypersaline fluid inclusions from the Starra (Fe Oxide)-Au-Cu deposit, Cloncurry district, Queensland

Studies of liquid-vapor-multisolid (L-V-nS) and liquid-vapor ± halite fluid inclusions suggest that at least three fundamentally different brines were involved in the genesis of the Proterozoic ironstone-hosted Starra Au-Cu deposit. Element concentrations determined from proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of groups of L-V-nS inclusions from the early barren magnetite ironstone stage (400°–550°C) and the younger mineralization stage (220°–360°C) covary over concentration ranges greater than the deduced analytical errors. The L-V-nS inclusions in the two stages are very different, with higher ratios of Fe and K to Ca, Mn, Cu, Zn, Sr, Ba, and Pb in the ironstone stage. Quite distinct, pseudosecondary NaCl-CaCl₂-H₂O inclusions are abundant in mineralization-stage quartz, calcite, and anhydrite. High concentrations of Cu (ca. >1,000 ppm) are present in some L-V-nS inclusions of both stages, and the data suggest that large amounts of Cu, Mn, Zn, As, Ba, and Pb passed through the Starra system as it evolved. Cl/Br ratios in the inclusions are mostly less than 0.002 and clearly different from those of ore fluids of the giant sedimentary-hosted copper orebody at Mount Isa. This could reflect a major magmatic contribution to the salinity at Starra that is consistent with the preferred origin of the water in published stable isotope studies. Ba concentrations of at least several wt percent in some mineralization-stage L-V-nS inclusions are associated with oxidized sulfur-bearing mineral parageneses. Given the low solubility of barite this suggests that a(S2)-f(O2) relationships varied during mineralization.