Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulations of Earthquake Triggering by Dynamic and Static Stress Changes Based on a Revised Friction Law

We conducted numerical simulations of earthquake triggering by assuming a circular asperity using a rate‐ and state‐dependent friction law revised by Nagata et al. (2012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008818). For a situation in which earthquakes occurred repeatedly, we applied dynamic sinusoidal stress perturbation. The stress perturbation caused an increase in slip velocity after the cessation of perturbation, and the resultant slip weakened the frictional strength. This leads to dynamic earthquake triggering for certain perturbation amplitudes. The following results were obtained. (1) Dynamic perturbations of long durations have high triggering potentials, whereas there is no significant frequency dependence because the potential is mainly determined by the total displacement due to the perturbation. (2) When a static stress jump is applied in addition to a dynamic perturbation, their combined effect on the triggering potential cannot be estimated by simply summing the applied stress amplitudes. A lower bound can be found by summing the logarithms of the velocity changes due to each individual perturbation. In addition, a nonlinear effect is required to explain the simulation results. (3) We evaluate the equivalent static stress jump that results in a triggering potential approximately the same as in the case of dynamic stress perturbation. (4) Even if the static stress change is negative, large dynamic stress perturbations can trigger earthquakes. (5) When stress perturbations are applied to stably sliding patches, dynamic triggering can occur under certain conditions.
Knowledge Base Population for Organization Mentions in Email

A prior study found that on average there are 6.3 named mentions of organizations found in email messages from the Enron collection, only about half of which could be linked to known entities in Wikipedia (Gao et al., 2014). That suggests a need for collection-specific approaches to entity linking, similar to those have proven successful for person mentions. This paper describes a process for automatically constructing such a collection-specific knowledge base of organization entities for named mentions in Enron. A new public test collection for linking 130 mentions of organizations found in Enron email to either Wikipedia or to this new collection-specific knowledge base is also described. Together, Wikipedia entities plus the new collectionspecific knowledge base cover 83% of the 130 organization mentions, a 14% (absolute) improvement over the 69% that could be linked to Wikipedia alone.
Tectonic control over exhumation in the Arunachal Himalaya: new constraints from Apatite Fission Track Analysis

Abstract New apatite fission track (AFT) ages have been obtained from a synformal nappe of the Higher Himalayan Crystallines emplaced over the Lesser Himalayan metasedimentary zone of the Arunachal Himalaya, India. The AFT cooling ages within the nappe range between 5.0 ± 0.8 and 14.4 ± 1.3 Ma. Modelled exhumation rates calculated from these cooling ages vary from 0.25 ± 0.12 to 0.69 ± 0.25 mm a−1, which indicates slow exhumation since the Middle to Late Miocene. The AFT cooling ages are younging on both the northern and southern flanks of the synform and the oldest ages are confined to the core. The close mimicking of a shallow crustal exhumation pattern with the synformal structure suggests a strong control of the development of the synform on the exhumation path of the rocks and hence a tectonics–exhumation linkage in the central Arunachal Himalaya. Comparison of these AFT ages with the regional thermochronological record of the Eastern Himalaya reflects a variation in exhumation rates with strike. The AFT age pattern in the central Arunachal Himalaya does not match the pattern of precipitation, which suggests an absence of climate-driven tectonic deformation via focused erosion.
Patient Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major contributor to the global burden of disease and has received considerable attention in recent years, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where it is closely associated with HIV/AIDS. Poor adherence to treatment is common despite various interventions aimed at improving treatment completion. Lack of a comprehensive and holistic understanding of barriers to and facilitators of, treatment adherence is currently a major obstacle to finding effective solutions. The aim of this systematic review of qualitative studies was to understand the factors considered important by patients, caregivers and health care providers in contributing to TB medication adherence. Methods and Findings We searched 19 electronic databases (1966–February 2005) for qualitative studies on patients', caregivers', or health care providers' perceptions of adherence to preventive or curative TB treatment with the free text terms “Tuberculosis AND (adherence OR compliance OR concordance)”. We supplemented our search with citation searches and by consulting experts. For included studies, study quality was assessed using a predetermined checklist and data were extracted independently onto a standard form. We then followed Noblit and Hare's method of meta-ethnography to synthesize the findings, using both reciprocal translation and line-of-argument synthesis. We screened 7,814 citations and selected 44 articles that met the prespecified inclusion criteria. The synthesis offers an overview of qualitative evidence derived from these multiple international studies. We identified eight major themes across the studies: organisation of treatment and care; interpretations of illness and wellness; the financial burden of treatment; knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about treatment; law and immigration; personal characteristics and adherence behaviour; side effects; and family, community, and household support. Our interpretation of the themes across all studies produced a line-of-argument synthesis describing how four major factors interact to affect adherence to TB treatment: structural factors, including poverty and gender discrimination; the social context; health service factors; and personal factors. The findings of this study are limited by the quality and foci of the included studies. Conclusions Adherence to the long course of TB treatment is a complex, dynamic phenomenon with a wide range of factors impacting on treatment-taking behaviour. Patients' adherence to their medication regimens was influenced by the interaction of a number of these factors. The findings of our review could help inform the development of patient-centred interventions and of interventions to address structural barriers to treatment adherence.
Adherence to the Healthy Eating Index-2015 across Generations Is Associated with Birth Outcomes and Weight Status at Age 5 in the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study

Maternal dietary quality during pregnancy is associated with offspring outcomes. These associations have not been examined in three-generation families. We investigated associations between parental and grandparental dietary quality, determined by healthy eating index (HEI)-2015, and offspring birth outcomes and weight status at age 5. The Lifeways cohort study in the Republic of Ireland comprises 1082 index-child’s mothers, 333 index-child’s fathers, and 707 grandparents. HEI-2015 scores were generated for all adults from prenatal dietary information collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. In an adjusted model, greater adherence to the maternal HEI was associated with lower likelihood of low birth weight (LBW) (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.50–0.99, p = 0.04). Similarly, maternal grandmothers (MGM) with higher HEI scores were less likely to have grandchildren with LBW (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.61–0.96, p = 0.04) and more likely to have macrosomia (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01–1.22, p = 0.03). Higher paternal and paternal grandmothers (PGM) HEI scores were associated with lower likelihood of childhood obesity (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.30–0.94, p = 0.03) and overweight (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.22–0.99, p = 0.04), respectively. Mediation analysis showed significant direct relationship of MGM and PGM HEI scores on grandchildren’s birthweight and obesity, respectively. In conclusion, maternal line dietary quality appears to influence fetal growth whereas paternal line dietary quality appears to influence postnatal growth.
Radioprotective and In-Vitro Cytotoxic Sapogenin from Euphorbia neriifolia (Euphorbiaceae) Leaf

Purpose: Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) plant is traditionally used in the treatment of abdominal troubles, bronchitis, tumours, leucoderma, piles, inflammation, and enlargement of spleen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer activities of a sapogenin isolate of this plant. Methods: Euphol was isolated as a major constituent from the triterpenoidal sapogenin fraction of E. neriifolia leaf. Its in-vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by reducing power assay, 1,1 – diphenyl –2- picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, as well as hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging activities. Radioprotective activity was assessed against radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations and cytotoxicity on murine F1 B16 melanoma. Results: The sapogenin exerted moderate antioxidant activity with highly significant (p E. neriifolia. Keywords : Euphorbia neriifolia ; Euphol; Sapogenin; Antioxidant; Radioprotective; Melanoma; Chromosomal aberration
Inhibition of Let7c MicroRNA Is Neuroprotective in a Rat Intracerebral Hemorrhage Model

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating neurological disease with a grave prognosis. We evaluated microRNA (miRNA) expression after ICH and evaluated Let7c as a therapeutic target. We harvested hemorrhagic brain 24 hours after collagenase induced ICH in the rat. Microarray analysis was performed to compare the miRNAs expression pattern between hemorrhagic hemisphere and contralateral hemisphere. An in vitro thrombin toxicity model and blood injection ICH model were also used to evaluate miRNA expression. We selected miRNA for the therapeutic target study after reviewing target gene databases and their expression. The antagonistic sequence of the selected miRNA (antagomir) was used to evaluate its therapeutic potential in the in vitro thrombin toxicity and in vivo ICH models. Among 1,088 miRNAs analyzed, let7c was induced in the thrombin and ICH models. Let7c antagomir treatment increased cell survival in the in vitro thrombin injury model and improved neurological function at 4 weeks after ICH. Let7c antagomir decreased perihematoma edema, apoptotic cell death and inflammation around hematoma. Let7c antagomir also induced insulin like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF1R) protein and phosphorylated serine threonine kinase after ICH. This study shows a distinct miRNA expression pattern after ICH. The let7c antagomir reduced cell death and edema and enhanced neurological recovery at least in part by activating the IGF1R pro-survival pathway. This suggests blocking let7c might be a potential therapeutic target in ICH.
Macrophages and neurons are targets of retinoic acid signaling after spinal cord contusion injury

The physiological reactions after spinal cord injury are accompanied by local synthesis of the transcriptional activator retinoic acid (RA). RA exerts its effects by binding to retinoic acid receptors (RAR) which heterodimerize with retinoid X receptors (RXR) and then act as ligand‐activated transcription factors. To identify possible cellular targets of RA we investigated protein levels and cellular distribution of retinoid receptors in the rat spinal cord at 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after a contusion injury. In the nonlesioned spinal cord, immunoreactivity for RARα, RXRα, RXRβ and RXRγ was localized in the cytosol of neurons, that of RXRα and RXRβ in astrocytes and that of RARα, RXRα and RXRγ in some oligodendrocytes. After contusion injury RARα and all RXRs appeared in the cell nuclei of reactive microglia and macrophages. This nuclear staining began at 4 days, was most prominent at 7 and 14 days and had decreased at 21 days after injury. A similar nuclear translocation was also observed for the RARα, RXRα and RXRβ staining in neurons situated around the border of the contusion. These observations suggest that RA participates as a signal for the physiological responses of microglia and neurons after CNS injury.
Optimum Passive Beamforming in Relation to Active-Passive Data Fusion

One goal of active-passive data fusion is to combine the complementary information collected by two types of sonar sensors to better perform signal processing. Active sensors, for example, give a good estimate of range, while passive sensors are most efficient at estimating the bearing and radiated spectrum of a contact. If it is assumed that a data fusion framework has collected prior information about the state of a contact, either by active sonar state estimates or by previous passive sonar state estimates, then the opportunity arises to direct the resources of a passive beamformer toward areas of high probability density. The modified beamformer can then provide a better estimate of the position and spectrum of the contact. This paper seeks to find an optimum way of directing the resources of a passive horizontal line array when trying to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA), or bearing, of a contact. Various approaches will be investigated. The resulting refinement in DOA estimation will be compared to popular conventional beamforming (CBF) and adaptive beamforming (ABF) techniques. B. YOCOM: OPTIMUM PASSIVE BEAMFORMING IN RELATION TO ACTIVE-PASSIVE DATA FUSION 1
A broadband surface-micromachined 15-45 ghz microstrip coupler

A broadband elevated microstrip coupler has been designed and implemented on the soda-lime glass with surface micromachining technology. The coupler is elevated by 200 μm and fed by a combination of epoxy-core metal post and coplanar waveguide, which helps eliminate the conventional air/dielectric interface problems. By this method, frequency dispersion and attenuation due to the substrate can be effectively reduced. A 10 dB return loss and a 12.5 dB coupling is measured in our experiment over 15-45 GHz. The proposed structure can be implemented on very lossy substrates, such as standard CMOS substrate and thus can be applied into the integration of high performance RF components with digital or optical functions/subsystems on low-cost low-resistivity silicon wafers.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO THE SAPRC-99 MAXIMUM INCREMENTAL REACTIVITY (MIR) SCALE

The Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) and other reactivity scales given by Carter (2000) has been recalculated after correcting minor errors in the mechanism generation system and to add several new compounds as requested by the California Air Resources Board and others. A total of 19 types of VOCs have been added, the MIRs for 11 VOCs changed by more than 2% but less than 10%, and the MIR for 2-methyl-2-butene-3-ol decreased by 24%. The changes and additions are summarized on Table 1, and the complete updated scale is available by ftp at ftp://cert.ucr. edu/pub/carter/r99tab2.xls.
Restoration of electron transport without proton pumping in mammalian mitochondria

We have restored the CoQ oxidative capacity of mouse mtDNA-less cells (ρ° cells) by transforming them with the alternative oxidase Aox of Emericella nidulans. Cotransforming ρ° cells with the NADH dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ndi1 and Aox recovered the NADH DH/CoQ reductase and the CoQ oxidase activities. CoQ oxidation by AOX reduces the dependence of ρ° cells on pyruvate and uridine. Coexpression of AOX and NDI1 further improves the recycling of NAD+. Therefore, 2 single-protein enzymes restore the electron transport in mammalian mitochondria substituting >80 nuclear DNA-encoded and 11 mtDNA-encoded proteins. Because those enzymes do not pump protons, we were able to split electron transport and proton pumping (ATP synthesis) and inquire which of the metabolic deficiencies associated with the loss of oxidative phosphorylation should be attributed to each of the 2 processes.
MAC protocol supporting physical-layer network coding with overhearing

Physical-layer network coding (PNC) is a promising technique for improving the throughput of wireless networks. To implement PNC in practice, a suitable medium access control (MAC) protocol is needed. Existing works mainly focus on bidirectional PNC, where two nodes exchange their packets with each other. Considering the case where unidirectional flows exist, in this paper, we propose a distributed MAC protocol to support PNC with overhearing. The proposed protocol is compatible with conventional relaying methods, including conventional network coding and plain routing. It is based on the Request-to-Send/Clear-to-Send (RTS/CTS) mechanism and can be regarded as an extension to the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol can increase the throughput of networks with unidirectional flows, especially when the traffic load is heavy.
Global Mapping Function (GMF): A new empirical mapping function based on numerical weather model data

Troposphere mapping functions are used in the analyses of Global Positioning System and Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations to map a priori zenith hydrostatic and wet delays to any elevation angle. Most analysts use the Niell Mapping Function (NMF) whose coefficients are determined from site coordinates and the day of year. Here we present the Global Mapping Function (GMF), based on data from the global ECMWF numerical weather model. The coefficients of the GMF were obtained from an expansion of the Vienna Mapping Function (VMF1) parameters into spherical harmonics on a global grid. Similar to NMF, the values of the coefficients require only the station coordinates and the day of year as input parameters. Compared to the 6‐hourly values of the VMF1 a slight degradation in short‐term precision occurs using the empirical GMF. However, the regional height biases and annual errors of NMF are significantly reduced with GMF.
Increasing Search Space for Pattern-Matching Localization Algorithms by Signal Scrambling

With increasing demand of indoor positioning services, a reliable and accurate localization system becomes more important. In this paper, we discuss a kind of localization systems which is RF-based and relied on the infrastructure of the existed communication systems. Many localization algorithms have been proposed but they have a common drawback: their positioning results are unstable and sensitive to the environmental noise. To relieve this problem, we propose a signal scrambling method which recombines several continuously received patterns. Hence, some less interfered patterns are likely to be generated. The simulation studies approve our claimed advantages of increasing search space for localization algorithms.
Tracking of transport vehicles for warehouse management using a wireless sensor network

A warehouse management system is a key part of the supply chain and controls the movement of goods within a warehouse. Usually the state of a warehouse is managed in a central database, which must be updated for every storage and retrieval activity. The entire process is prone to errors, because it relies on manual activities performed by employees. This paper presents a technique to monitor the manual transportation processes of goods in a warehouse, in order to update the database automatically. In the proposed scenario, transport vehicles such as forklift trucks or pallet jacks are equipped with wireless sensor nodes and every storage and retrieval activity is reported to the warehouse management system. Tracking of transport vehicles is performed with nanoLOC sensor nodes, which offer range measurement capabilities. This radio positioning system determines the range between two devices by measuring the signal propagation delay. The paper describes the tracking of transport vehicles with range measurements and trilateration using the Extended Kalman Filter. It presents experimental results of tracking a forklift truck in a warehouse.
Factors Associated with Parental Refusal of Routine Vaccination in the Czech Republic.

AIM Routine vaccination is one of the most important preventive methods which is responsible for the decreasing trend of morbidity and mortality of vaccine preventable infectious diseases, their complications and sequelae. The impact of vaccination on declining trend of these diseases is well known and confirmed by a large number of epidemiological studies. In the Czech Republic, there is high vaccination coverage in regards to most vaccine preventable diseases. However, during the last decade proportion of parents refusing routine vaccination of their children due to different factors is increasing. The presented study evaluates current situation in the Czech Republic and describes the most significant factors in parents decision making. METHODS The study was conducted between 1 July 2013 and 31 March 2014 as a questionnaire based survey (cross-sectional study). The questionnaire was created with multiple choice answers. Questions were addressed to parents or legal representatives of children aged 0-18 years. Types of questions were divided into several subgroups. The study was performed in the Czech Republic in two different districts of Prague and Zlín. RESULTS In the sample size (n=480) we detected 11 parents who refused vaccination of 11 children (2.29%). The most often refused vaccines in the prevalence study were hexavaccine (1st dose) and measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (1st dose). The hexavaccine includes tetanic anatoxin, diphtheric anatoxin, acellular pertussis vaccine, conjugate vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae b, inactivated polio vaccine, and recombinant vaccine against viral hepatitis B. The measles, mumps, rubella vaccine contains live attenuated viruses of measles, mumps, rubella. CONCLUSION We observed increasing trend of routine vaccination refusal in children during the last ten years (compared to situation in the year 2004, p<0.001). The most important factors associated with this progression were distrust to vaccination, fear of some vaccine components and fear of adverse reactions.
The Tectonics of the Altaids: Crustal Growth During the Construction of the Continental Lithosphere of Central Asia Between ∼750 and ∼130 Ma Ago

The largest mountain belt in Central Asia (∼9 million km2) is called the Altaids. It was assembled between ∼750 and ∼130 Ma ago around the western and southern margins of the Siberian Craton, partly on an older collisional system (the “Urbaykalides”). Geological, geophysical, and geochemical data—mostly high-resolution U-Pb ages—document the growth of only three arc systems in Central and Northwest Asia during this time period, an interval throughout which there were no major arc or continental collisions in the area. While the Altaids were being constructed as a Turkic-type orogen, continental crust grew in them by 1/3 of the global total. The Altaids thus added some 3 million km2 to the continental crust over a period of 0.6 billion years, typical of Phanerozoic crustal growth rates.
High efficiency UTC photodiodes as photonic emitters for 300 GHz high spectral efficiency wireless communications

This paper presents the development and use of high-efficiency Unitravelling carrier photodiodes for THz communications. Using these devices, high output power is obtained close to the mW level. THz wireless links demonstration is also presented using these devices, using high-level modulation schemes (QAM-16) and 32 Gbit/s data-rate. This result demonstrates the capability of the UTC-PD devices of combining high power level and a linear behavior, mandatory for high-spectral efficiency data links in the THz range.