Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nigella sativa (black seed) oil ameliorates CCl4 -induced hepatotoxicity and mediates neurotransmitter levels in male Sprague Dawley albino rats.

The liver is a metabolically active organ which is prone to oxidative damage. The hepatoprotective effect of Nigella sativa (black seed oil extract) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley albino rats was determined. There were four groups of eight rats; Group 1 (control) was administered with distilled water for 28 days, Group 2 was administered with 4 ml/kg of CCl4 (70% olive oil: 30% CCl4 ) on alternate days for 28 days. Group 3 was administered with 4 ml/kg of CCl4 (70% olive oil: 30% CCl4 ) and 2 ml/kg of Nigella sativa oil orally for 28 days. Group 4 was administered with 4 ml/kg of CCl4 (70% Olive oil: 30% CCl4 ) and 4 ml/kg of Nigella sativa oil orally for 28 days. Blood samples were collected for biochemical assessment. Liver, kidney, and brain tissues were determined for antioxidant enzymes and histopathological features. There were significant ameliorative effects of the oil extract in the treatment groups compared to control (p < .05). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Nigella sativa (black seed oil) also known as Habbatus sauda has been used for therapeutic and nutritional purposes for decades due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. It is a potent brain tonic due to the presence of linoleic, palmitic, oleic, eicosapentanoic (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), hence, may enhance brain and heart functions. This research analysis carried out on the neurotransmitter (glutamate and GABA) levels showed a significant decrease at p < . 05 in the group administered with CCl4 alone, which was reversed significantly upon the administration of Nigella sativa oil. The histological features reported in the current study correlated with the biochemical parameters. The CCl4 induced severe histological changes on the hepatic, renal, and brain tissues, which, was ameliorated by the Nigella sativa oil administration. The administration of Nigella sativa oil exerted a protective effect on the brain, liver, and kidney during CCl4 -induced oxidative stress.
Characterization of the Interaction of Neuropathy Target Esterase with the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Lipid Droplets

Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized phospholipase that deacylates phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Loss-of-function mutations in the human NTE gene have been associated with a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders such as hereditary spastic paraplegia, ataxia and chorioretinal dystrophy. Despite this, little is known about structure–function relationships between NTE protein domains, enzymatic activity and the interaction with cellular organelles. In the current study we show that the C-terminal region of NTE forms a catalytically active domain that exhibits high affinity for lipid droplets (LDs), cellular storage organelles for triacylglycerol (TAG), which have been recently implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Ectopic expression of the C domain in cultured cells decreases cellular PC, elevates TAG and induces LD clustering. LD interactions of NTE are inhibited by default by a non-enzymatic regulatory (R) region with three putative nucleotide monophosphate binding sites. Together with a N-terminal TMD the R region promotes proper distribution of the catalytic C-terminal region to the ER network. Taken together, our data indicate that NTE may exhibit dynamic interactions with the ER and LDs depending on the interplay of its functional regions. Mutations that disrupt this interplay may contribute to NTE-associated disorders by affecting NTE positioning.
Validation of MIPAS HNO3 operational data

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Validation of MIPAS HNO3 operational data D. Y. Wang, M. Höpfner, C. E. Blom, W. E. Ward, H. Fischer, T. Blumenstock, F. Hase, C. Keim, G. Y. Liu, S. Mikuteit, et al.
0–CONVERGENCE OF 2D GINZBURG-LANDAU FUNCTIONALS WITH VORTEX CONCENTRATION ALONG CURVES

We study the variational convergence of a family of twodimensional Ginzburg-Landau functionals arising in the study of superfluidity or thin-film superconductivity as the Ginzburg-Landau parameter ε tends to 0. In this regime and for large enough applied rotations (for superfluids) or magnetic fields (for superconductors), the minimizers acquire quantized point singularities (vortices). We focus on situations in which an unbounded number of vortices accumulate along a prescribed Jordan curve or a simple arc in the domain. This is known to occur in a circular annulus under uniform rotation, or in a simply connected domain with an appropriately chosen rotational vector field. We prove that if suitably normalized, the energy functionals 0-converge to a classical energy from potential theory. Applied to global minimizers, our results describe the limiting distribution of vortices along the curve in terms of Green equilibrium measures.
UPPER CONFIDENCE BOUND-BASED EXPLORATION

We study the stochastic contextual bandit problem, where the reward is generated from an unknown bounded function with additive noise. We propose the NeuralUCB algorithm, which leverages the representation power of deep neural networks and uses a neural network-based random feature mapping to construct an upper confidence bound (UCB) of reward for efficient exploration. We prove that, under mild assumptions, NeuralUCB achieves Õ( √ T ) regret, where T is the number of rounds. To the best of our knowledge, our algorithm is the first neural network-based contextual bandit algorithm with near-optimal regret guarantee. Preliminary experiment results on synthetic data corroborate our theory, and shed light on potential applications of our algorithm to real-world problems.
Britholite Group Minerals from REE-Rich Lithologies of Keivy Alkali Granite—Nepheline Syenite Complex, Kola Peninsula, NW Russia

The Keivy alkali granite-nepheline syenite complex, Kola Peninsula, NW Russia, contains numerous associated Zr-REE-Y-Nb occurrences and deposits, formed by a complex sequence of magmatic, late-magmatic, and post-magmatic (including pegmatitic, hydrothermal, and metasomatic) processes. The REE-rich lithologies have abundant (some of economic importance) and diverse britholite group minerals. The REE and actinides distribution in host rocks indicates that the emanating fluids were alkaline, with significant amounts of F and CO2. From chemical studies (REE and F variations) of the britholites the possible fluid compositions in different lithologies are proposed. Fluorbritholite-(Y) and britholite-(Y) from products of alkali granite (mineralized granite, pegmatite, quartzolite) formed under relatively high F activity in fluids with low CO2/H2O ratio. The highest F and moderate CO2 contents are characteristic of fluid from a mineralized nepheline syenite, resulting in crystallization of fluorbritholite-(Ce). Britholite group minerals (mainly fluorcalciobritholite and ‘calciobritholite’) from a nepheline syenite pegmatite formed from a fluid with composition changing from low F and high CO2 to moderate F and CO2. An extremely high F content is revealed for metasomatizing fluids emanating from alkali granitic magma and which affected the basic country rocks. The dominant substitution scheme for Keivy britholites is REE3+ + Si4+ = Ca2+ + P5+, showing the full range of ‘britholite’ and ‘calciobritholite’ compositions up to theoretical apatite.
Endogenous Convergence and International Technological Diffusion Channels

The goal of the paper is to estimate relative importance of channels of technological diffusion between new member states and core EU countries. Based on neoclassical growth theory and extensive literature survey on technological diffusion we explore movements in the relative TFP in EU member states and try to identify relative importance of channels of technological diffusion as suggested by theory: imports, exports, FDI, R&D, human capital and fixed capital formation, etc. In the first step we employ Phillips and Sul (2007) log t test which has power to detect convergence even in the absence of cointegration between time series. In the second part we employ Abrigo and Love (2016) PVAR model in order to detect channels of diffusion of technology. The data is sampled from Eurostat and PWT repository and covers the period from 19952016 for all EU member countries. Contrary to conventional wisdom, our preliminary results suggest that trade openness as an important channel for TFP diffusion. The overall results point that productivity gap reduction is a heterogeneous process, country specific problem, but on average it can be supported through various economic policies focused on openness. Relative importance of other factors of technological convergence is statistically less relevant or even has opposite direction of causality. Peculiar results for relative importance of FDI and R&D is further explored in terms of the structure and general nature of FDI flows during the investigated transition and accession period.
Assessment of the Toxicity of Natural Oils from Mentha piperita, Pinus roxburghii, and Rosa spp. Against Three Stored Product Insects

Three natural oils extracted from Mentha piperita, Pinus roxburghii, and Rosa spp. were assessed in order to determine their insecticidal activity against the adults of three stored product insects: the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.), the lesser grain borer (Rhyzopertha dominica, Fabricius), and the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum, Herbst.). By Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis, the main compounds in the n-hexane oil from Rosa spp. were determined to be methyl eugenol (52.17%), phenylethyl alcohol (29.92%), diphenyl ether (7.75%), and geraniol (5.72%); in the essential oil from M. piperita, they were menthone (20.18%), 1,8-cineole (15.48%), menthyl acetate (13.13%), caryophyllene (4.82%), β-pinene (4.37%), and D-limonene (2.81%); and from the foliage of P. roxburghii, they were longifolene (19.52%), caryophyllene (9.45%), Δ-3-carene (7.01%), α-terpineol (6.75%), and γ-elemene (3.88%). S. oryzae and R. dominica were reared using sterilized wheat grains, and T. castaneum was reared on wheat flour mixed with yeast (10:1, w/w), all under laboratory conditions (27 ± 1 °C and 65% ± 5% Relative humidity (R.H). Two toxicity bioassays were used, as well as contact using thin film residues and fumigation bioassays. The results indicated that M. piperita caused a high toxicity for S. oryzae compared to other insects. High significant variations were observed between the tested M. piperita doses against the stored insects, and this natural material could be used to control insects that infect the grains. Also, the data indicated that the Rosa spp. oil had a low-toxicity effect against these insects compared to other oils. We recommend using natural oils against the stored weevils and petals, rather than the chemical agent, so as to serve human health.
The Impact of Corporate Governance on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures: Evidence from Botswana Stock Exchange

The nexus between corporate governance (CG) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) is well researched and established in literature. However, the debate regarding the influence corporate governance exerts on corporate social responsibility engagements and reporting is still inconclusive. This study investigates the impact of CG mechanisms on CSR disclosure among the listed companies in Botswana. The study employs content analysis to extract relevant data from annual reports for period 2014 to 2017. Comprehensiveness of descriptions of entity engagements in community involvement, human resources, environment and product and consumers is used as dependent variable while board size, board meeting frequency, ratio of independent directors to board size, the size of audit committee and its meeting frequency are used as independent variables. Company size and Return on assets are controlling variables. Least square regression method is used to analyse the effect of CG attributes on CSR disclosures. Comprehensiveness of disclosure is measured by sentences of reporting, availability of comparative figures, presence of photos and quantified CSR descriptions. The results suggest that the board size, board independence and audit committee meetings frequency have a statistically significant positive influence on corporate social responsibility reports. Company size also reflected a significant positive association with CSR disclosure. These results have implications on composition and structure of the board of directors which should be accorded due attention as the firms work to improve responsiveness to their stakeholders’ demands through CSR investments and disclosures. Keywords: Corporate governance, Corporate social responsibility, Disclosure, Agency theory, Legitimacy theory, Botswana DOI : 10.7176/RJFA/10-20-05 Publication date :October 31 st 2019
Generating Multi-Sentence Abstractive Summaries of Interleaved Texts

In multi-participant postings, as in online chat conversations, several conversations or topic threads may take place concurrently. This leads to difficulties for readers reviewing the postings in not only following discussions but also in quickly identifying their essence. A two-step process, disentanglement of interleaved posts followed by summarization of each thread, addresses the issue, but disentanglement errors are propagated to the summarization step, degrading the overall performance. To address this, we propose an end-to-end trainable encoder-decoder network for summarizing interleaved posts. The interleaved posts are encoded hierarchically, i.e., word-to-word (words in a post) followed by post-to-post (posts in a channel). The decoder also generates summaries hierarchically, thread-to-thread (generate thread representations) followed by word-to-word (i.e., generate summary words). Additionally, we propose a hierarchical attention mechanism for interleaved text. Overall, our end-to-end trainable hierarchical framework enhances performance over a sequence to sequence framework by 8% on a synthetic interleaved texts dataset.
SEMANTICADV: GENERATING ADVERSARIAL EXAM-

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved great success in various applications due to their strong expressive power. However, recent studies have shown that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial examples which are manipulated instances targeting to mislead DNNs to make incorrect predictions. Currently, most such adversarial examples try to guarantee “subtle perturbation" by limiting the Lp norm of the perturbation. In this paper, we aim to explore the impact of semantic manipulation on DNNs predictions by manipulating the semantic attributes of images and generate “unrestricted adversarial examples". Such semantic based perturbation is more practical compared with the Lp bounded perturbation. In particular, we propose an algorithm SemanticAdv which leverages disentangled semantic factors to generate adversarial perturbation by altering controlled semantic attributes to fool the learner towards various “adversarial" targets. We conduct extensive experiments to show that the semantic based adversarial examples can not only fool different learning tasks such as face verification and landmark detection, but also achieve high targeted attack success rate against real-world black-box services such as Azure face verification service based on transferability. To further demonstrate the applicability of SemanticAdv beyond face recognition domain, we also generate semantic perturbations on street-view images. Such adversarial examples with controlled semantic manipulation can shed light on further understanding about vulnerabilities of DNNs as well as potential defensive approaches.
New species of Peradectes and Swaindelphys (Mammalia: Metatheria) from the Early Paleocene (Torrejonian) Nacimiento Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA

Three new metatherian taxa are reported from the early Paleocene (Torrejonian) of the Nacimiento Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico; two new species of Swaindelphys, S. encinensis and S. johansoni, and one new species of Peradectes, P. coprexeches. Most of the new specimens consist of isolated teeth. Both new species of Swaindelphys are larger than S. cifellii, previously the only reported species of Swaindelphys, and the first report of this genus outside of Wyoming. S. johansoni is approximately intermediate in size between S. encinensis and S. cifellii. P. coprexeches is nearly the same size as P. elegans, but differs in the more buccally expanded and convex outline of the upper molar metastylar lobe, and relatively larger stylar cusp C. This provides new information on early Paleocene metatherian morphology and significantly increases their known diversity. New significant morphology reported here includes that of a dP3 not previously reported for early Paleocene metatherians. Moreover, this study helps to clarify taxonomic issues related to the validity of other Paleocene metatherians and is relevant to the origins and morphology of basal Herpetotheriidae and Peradectidae. Thomas E. Williamson, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 1801 Mountain Road, NW, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87104-1375, USA. thomas.williamson@state.nm. us Louis H. Taylor, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, 2001 Colorado Boulevard, Denver, Colorado 80205-5798, USA. taylorlh@aol.com
19-16 Average Inflation Targeting Would Be a Weak Tool for the Fed to Deal with Recession and Chronic Low Inflation

David Reifschneider was special advisor to Federal Reserve Board Chair Janet Yellen (2014–18). Prior to that, he held various positions in the Division of Research and Statistics at the Federal Reserve Board (1982–2013), including serving as its deputy director (2012–13). David Wilcox has been a nonresident senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics since August 2019. He served in the Division of Research and Statistics at the Federal Reserve Board, both as deputy director (2001–11) and as director (2011–18). The authors thank Olivier Blanchard, Jérémie Cohen-Setton, William English, Joe Gagnon, Jean Pisani-Ferry, Adam Posen, Ángel Ubide, and Janet Yellen for helpful comments and suggestions and Chris Collins for assistance in preparing the figures. All remaining errors and omissions are the responsibility of the authors alone.
POWEREDSGD: POWERED STOCHASTIC GRADIENT DESCENT METHODS FOR ACCELERATED NON-CONVEX OPTIMIZATION

We propose a novel technique for improving the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method to train deep networks, which we term PoweredSGD. The proposed PoweredSGD method simply raises the stochastic gradient to a certain power γ ∈ [0,1] elementwise during iterations and introduces only one additional parameter, namely, the power exponent γ (when γ = 1, PoweredSGD reduces to SGD). We further propose PoweredSGD with momentum, which we term PoweredSGDM, and provide convergence rate analysis on both PoweredSGD and PoweredSGDM methods. Experiments are conducted on popular deep learning models and benchmark datasets. Empirical results show that the proposed PoweredSGD and PoweredSGDM obtain faster initial training speed than adaptive gradient methods, comparable generalization ability with SGD, and improved robustness to hyper-parameter selection and vanishing gradients. PoweredSGD is essentially a gradient modifier via a nonlinear transformation. As such, it is orthogonal and complementary to other techniques for accelerating gradient-based optimization.
Internet Addiction Disorder and Its Determinants among a Sample of Medical Students in Baghdad; 2017

INTRODUCTION: As the internet users have grown rapidly world-wide in the recent years, internet has become an important feature at home, school and the work place . Since the mid-1990s, the concept of internet addiction has been the subject of active discussions . Internet addiction disorder is still a hard problem to be defined precisely, there are many causes of having a variety of different definitions; one of them is that the reasons of internet addiction are not the same from one place to another. The other reason is that this term may be defined differently by researchers who belong to different fields . Christakis defined addiction as that "components of addiction include preoccupation with the substance or behavior; repeated unsuccessful attempts to reduce it; mood disturbances related to reduction attempts; greater usage than anticipated or desired; jeopardizing employment, relationships or education; or lying about usage". All of these criteria can be seen with internet use . Despite a lot of advantages like useful communications among individuals and social systems, internet use may become problematic and may lead to negative consequences in daily life . The college students are considered as the most at-risk population to develop an addiction to the internet .
Burnout among nursing staff in three Scandinavian countries: A literature review

This literature review aimed to identify the causes of burnout among Scandinavian nurses. Further, its aim was to look into the current available intervention methods available in these three countries, Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The goal of this study was to identify any gaps in our current knowledge of burnout in this location. The review was led by the three following questions: 1) What are the risk factors or causes for burnout among nursing staff in Scandinavia? 2) How do these Scandinavian countries compare to each other? 3) How does the Scandinavia prevent burnout among nursing staff? 12 articles were reviewed by using a thematic analytic approach. The articles origin were limited to the Scandinavian countries Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and they were all a maximum of 10 years old. The theoretical frame for this study was Maslach’s multidimensional theory of burnout and Demerouti’s job demands-resources model. The findings of this review indicated a clear relationship between job demands and job resources to burnout. The results revealed that protective factors may serve as resources against demands which cause burnout. Further, organizational interventions proved the least successful in this study. Little is known about burnout specifically to Scandinavia as a location. Future studies should focus on protective factors as resources, organizational interventions and the prevention of burnout from an organizational perspective. It will be in particular interest to gain an understanding in which organizational factors prevent nurses from working autonomously.