Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Land Use Change on Ecosystem Services Value Study in Tumen River

Based on the data of Landsat TM in the years 1992 and 2006,the paper,by using RS and GIS,analyzed land use change in Tumen River region in the 14 years and also calculated the change of ecosystem services value which resulted from it.The results show that great changes took place to the land utilization in Tumen River region from 1992 to 2006,which included the increase of dry farmland,paddy field and building lots and the decrease of woodland,grassland,water area and wetland.At the same time,ESV declined from $472.43×108 in 1996 to $446.39×108 in 2006 with an average annual lapse rate of 0.39%. In all the functions of ecosystem services value,the food production function increased by $0.24×108 mainly due to the increase of agricultural acreage and other functions like the climate regulation,the conservation of water supply and the protection of biodiversity decreased.Therefore,effective measures should be taken to maintain healthy development of environment in the area.
Extraction-Spectrophotometric Study on the Complex Formation in the Cobalt ( Ii )-4-Hydroxy-3-Thiolbenzoic Acid-Diphenylguanidine System

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Co(II) by using 4-hydroxy-3thiolbenzoic acid (HTBA) as an analytical reagent. HTBA has been synthesized and characterized by elemental and spectral analysis. HTBA in the presence of diphenylguanidine (DPG) extracts Co(II) quantitatively (97.6 %) into chloroform from an aqueous solution of pH range 5.1-6.9. The chloroform extract shows an intense peak at 542 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the Co(II) concentration range of 0.5-12.0 μg/cm . The composition of extracted species is found to be 1:2:2 [Co : HTBA : DPG]. Thermogravimetric study of the complex Co(C7H3O3S)2(C13H14N3)2(H2O)2 shown that thermal decomposition of the complex takes place in three stages: at 65-120 С water evaporates, at 430 498 С-decomposed DPG and at 510-520 С HTBA. The final product of the termolysis of the complex is Co2O3. The proposed method is rapid, sensitive, reproducible and has been successfully applied for determination of Co(II) in the Sewage water, Bottom sediments and plants.The method is ecofriendly, as extraction is carried out in pH medium and has good potential for its use in the determination of Co(II) after extraction in organic phase at microgram level.
exploratory meta-analysis on lisdexamfetamine versus placebo in adult aDhD

Background: Recent studies have promised that lisdexamfetamine (LDX) is effective in the treatment of adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Objectives: This systematic review was undertaken to summarize LDX efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability in adult ADHD. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of lisdexamfetamine compared with placebo were included for synthesis. Clinical trials published between January 1991 and January 2014 higher than placebo. These findings should be carefully interpreted and considered as preliminary outcomes. To confirm these results, further studies are warranted. LDX is a viable alternative psychostimulant for adult ADHD.
Crustal Structure and Seismotectonics of Northern Baja California: Chapter 15: Part III. Regional Geophysics and Geology

In the short historical record of northern Baja California, the largest earthquake has a magnitude 7.1. Most of the earthquakes with ML > 6.0 occur along the Cerro Prieto, Imperial, and San Miguel faults; no significant seismicity is known to have occurred along the Agua Blanca fault. A large part of the microseismicity (ML 6.0 in the Salton Trough. Focal mechanisms for the seismic zones and the head of the Gulf of California are mainly of a strike-slip and dip-slip nature.
Solifenacin/tamsulosin fixed-dose combination therapy to treat lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia

: Treatment of male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) has traditionally focused on the management of benign prostatic obstruction, but the contribution of bladder dysfunction has been recently recognized. Therefore, it is well understood that LUTS have multifactorial etiology and often occur in clusters and not in isolation. Voiding LUTS are highly prevalent in men, but storage LUTS have been proved to be more bothersome. α 1 -Blockers are the most widely used pharmacologic agents for the treatment of symptoms relating to benign prostatic enlargement due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), while antimuscarinics are the drug class of choice for overactive bladder symptoms. A combination of the two drug classes would be a reasonable approach to treat men with both storage and voiding symptoms, and several short-term studies have proved the efficacy and safety of different combinations with an α 1 -blocker and an antimuscarinic. Following previous studies on the separate administration of solifenacin and tamsulosin, a fixed-dose combination tablet of tamsulosin oral controlled absorption system (OCAS) 0.4 mg and solifenacin succinate 6 mg has been recently introduced, and the current review evaluates the available data on the use of this fixed-dose combination in the treatment of LUTS in men with BPH.
Cognitive Domains Function Complementation by NTNG Gene Paralogs

Gene duplication was proposed by S.Ohno (1) as a key mechanism of a novel gene function evolution. A pair of gene paralogs, NTNG1 and NTNG2, sharing identical gene and protein structures and encoding similar proteins, forms a functional complement subfunctionalising (SF) within cognitive domains and forming cognitive endophenotypes, as detected by Intellectual Quotient (IQ) tests (2). Both NTNG paralogs are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), with unique nonoverlapping segregation among the other 15 cognitive disorders (CD), emphasizing an evolutionary gain-dependent link between advanced cognitive functions and concomitant neurocognitive pathologies. Complementary expression and human brain transcriptome composition of the paralogs explains the observed phenomena of their functional complementarity. The lowest identity among NTNGs is found in a middle of encoded by them proteins designated as uknown (Ukd) domain. NTNG1 contains anthropoid-specific constrained regions, and both genes contain non-coding conserved sequences underwent accelerated evolution in human. NTNG paralogs SF perturbates “structure drives function” concept at protein and gene levels. The paralogs function diversification forms a so-called “Cognitive Complement (CC)”, a product of gene duplication and subsequent cognitive subfunction bifurcation among the NTNG gene duplicates.
The Effects of Positive Word of Mouth in Mediating Brand Equity and Purchase Decision: A Study of Iraqi Customers

A purchasing decision is heavily influenced by consumer behaviour. This study investigates the consumer behaviour of the Iraqi market. A market for the specific needs and expectations of the typical Iraqi consumer can be developed to understand consumer behaviour. Unfortunately, research in this area was neglected due to the neglect of the industrial and manufacturing sectors and the exclusive focus on the petroleum business. In this study, the author analyses the effect of Word of Mouth (WOM) on brand equity and purchase decisions, two common marketing productivity measures. WOM is the oldest and most successful communication medium because of its cheap cost, impacting the efficiency of allocating marketing resources. Following a thorough assessment of the literature, the author offers many hypotheses that will be evaluated in the future to see how WOM affects each aspect of brand equity and purchase choice. This research takes a quantitative method; prior studies' questionnaires were adapted and delivered to Iraqi consumers. The participants in this research were 204 Iraqi customers from the different cities of Iraq (Baghdad, Mosul, Basra). We used Smart-PLS 3.0 to run the PLS algorithm and PLS-bootstrapping to test all of the hypotheses. This study highlights the significance of researching Iraqi consumer behaviour, which should interest Iraqi producers, investors, and stakeholders.
Metabolic , Endocrine and Genitourinary Pathobiology Effects of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Overexpression in Pregnant Mice Possible Implications for Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are pregnancy-specific disorders that share a common pathophysiology. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1 ) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in placental development. HIF-1 is elevated in preeclamptic placentas and induces soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (sFLT-1), a central factor in preeclampsia and IUGR pathogenesis. Our objective was to investigate the effects of HIF-1 overexpression on pregnancy in mice. C57BL/6J pregnant mice were systemically administered either adenovirus expressing stabilized HIF-1 (cytomegalovirus [CMV]-HIF), luciferase control (CMVLuc), or saline on gestational day 8. Pregnant mice overexpressing HIF-1 had significantly elevated blood pressure and proteinuria compared with pregnant controls. HIF-1 mice showed fetal IUGR, decreased placental weights, and histopathological placental abnormalities compared with control mice. Glomerular endotheliosis, the hallmark lesion of preeclampsia, was demonstrated in the kidneys of these mice relative to the normal histology in control mice. Moreover , liver enzyme levels were significantly elevated, whereas complete blood counts revealed significant anemia and thrombocytopenia in CMV-HIF mice compared with controls. Blood smears confirmed microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in CMVHIF mice, consistent with HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets)-like syndrome. CMVHIF mice showed elevation in serum sFLT-1 and soluble endoglin, providing a mechanistic explanation for the observations. Collectively, our results suggest a possible role for HIF-1 in the pathogenesis of both preeclampsia and IUGR. (Am J Pathol 2010, 177:2950–2962; DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090800)
METABOLIC , ENDOCRINE , AND GENITOURINARY PATHOBIOLOGY Loss of FOXA 1 Drives Sexually Dimorphic Changes in Urothelial Differentiation and Is an Independent Predictor of Poor Prognosis in Bladder Cancer

Loss of FOXA1 Drives Sexually Dimorphic Changes in Urothelial Differentiation and Is an Independent Predictor of Poor Prognosis in Bladder Cancer Opal L. Reddy,* Justin M. Cates,y Lan L. Gellert,y Henry S. Crist,z Zhaohai Yang,z Hironobu Yamashita,z John A. Taylor, III,x Joseph A. Smith, Jr,{ Sam S. Chang,{ Michael S. Cookson,k Chaochen You,{ Daniel A. Barocas,{ Magdalena M. Grabowska,{ Fei Ye,** Xue-Ru Wu,yy Yajun Yi,zz Robert J. Matusik,{ Klaus H. Kaestner,xx Peter E. Clark,{ and David J. DeGraffz{{kk
Effect of Equatorial Long Waves on the North Equatorial Countercurrent

An analytical, reduced-gravity, equatorial long wave model is employed to study the effect of equatorial long waves on the North Equatorial Countercurrent(NECC). This model is first forced by an abruptly switched-on-off zonal wind stress which is distributed uniformly in the zonal direction. As the wind is turned on, an eastward current with a maximum speed at 5°N and a trough of thermocline at 3°N are generated in the western basin. These features coincide with the observed distribution of NECC. The initial intensification of this eastward current is due to the forced first meridional mode Rossby wave. The duration of intensification is related to the wind fetch and Rossby wave speed. After the forced Rossby wave has passed, the eastward current is decelerated or accelerated by a series of reflected Rossby waves generated at the eastern boundary. As the steady state is reached, the easterly wind is then turned off. The forced first meridional mode Rossby wave, now generated by wind relaxation, decelerates the eastward current and even turns the current westward, due to overshooting. Replacing the uniform wind with a linear wind, we find that the general features remain unchanged but the NECC now has larger amplitude and smaller zonal domain. The present linear wind has similar zonal distribution to the trade wind on the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Finally, the linear wind stress distribution, with a representative of time variations observed along the equator, is applied to force the model. The resultant ocean response is compared with the velocity measurement at 6°N, 28°W. General agreement is found. The equatorial long waves, especially the forced Rossby waves, have significant impact upon the NECC.
Le chiffrement asymétrique et la sécurité prouvée

We compare the relative strengths of popular notions of security for public-key encryption schemes. We consider the goals of privacy and non-malleability, each under chosen-plaintext attack and two kinds of chosen-ciphertext attack. For each of the resulting pairs of definitions we prove either an implication (every scheme meeting one notion must meet the other) or a separation (there is a scheme meeting one notion but not the other, assuming the first notion can be met at all). We similarly treat plaintext awareness, a notion of security in the random-oracle model. An additional contribution of this paper is a new definition of non-malleability which we believe is simpler than the previous one.
Private Equity Performance: Returns, Persistence and Capital

This paper investigates the performance of private equity partnerships using a data set of individual fund returns collected by Venture Economics. Over the sample period, average fund returns net of fees approximately equal the S\&P 500 although there is a large degree of heterogeneity. Returns persist strongly across funds raised by individual private equity partnerships. Better performing funds are more likely to raise follow-on funds and raise larger funds than funds that perform poorly. This relationship is concave so that top performing funds do not grow proportionally as much as the average fund. Finally, market entry in private equity is cyclical. Funds (and partnerships) started in boom times are less likely to raise follow-on funds, suggesting that these funds subsequently perform worse. Several of these results differ markedly from those for mutual funds.
Tests of an Ensemble Kalman Filter for Mesoscale and Regional-Scale Data Assimilation. Part II: Imperfect Model Experiments

In Part I of this two-part work, the feasibility of using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) for mesoscale and regional-scale data assimilation through various observing system simulation experiments was demonstrated assuming a perfect forecast model for a winter snowstorm event that occurred on 24–26 January 2000. The current study seeks to explore the performance of the EnKF for the same event in the presence of significant model errors due to physical parameterizations by assimilating synthetic sounding and surface observations with typical temporal and spatial resolutions. The EnKF performance with imperfect models is also examined for a warm-season mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) event that occurred on 10–13 June 2003. The significance of model error in both warmand cold-season events is demonstrated when the use of different cumulus parameterization schemes within different ensembles results in significantly different forecasts in terms of both ensemble mean and spread. Nevertheless, the EnKF performed reasonably well in most experiments with the imperfect model assumption (though its performance can sometimes be significantly degraded). As in Part I, where the perfect model assumption was utilized, most analysis error reduction comes from larger scales. Results show that using a combination of different physical parameterization schemes in the ensemble forecast can significantly improve filter performance. A multischeme ensemble has the potential to provide better background error covariance estimation and a smaller ensemble bias. There are noticeable differences in the performance of the EnKF for different flow regimes. In the imperfect scenarios considered, the improvement over the reference ensembles (pure ensemble forecasts without data assimilation) after 24 h of assimilation for the winter snowstorm event ranges from 36% to 67%. This is higher than the 26%–45% improvement noted after 36 h of assimilation for the warm-season MCV event. Scaleand flow-dependent error growth dynamics and predictability are possible causes for the differences in improvement. Compared to the power spectrum analyses for the snowstorm, it is found that forecast errors and ensemble spreads in the warm-season MCV event have relatively smaller power at larger scales and an overall smaller growth rate.
Measuring morphology : the tip of the iceberg? A retrospective on 10 years of morphological processing

: Despite the intensive study of morphological effects with various on-line techniques such as masked priming, psycholinguistics did not manage so far to present a consensual framework, and are still divided on the nature and the locus of morphology in the mental lexicon. In this contribution, we propose to focus on three issues related to morphological effects which have not been given the right importance so far: the implications of studying morphology through nonwords, the role of frequency of the lexical items used as materials, and finally the role of a novel variable measuring the influence of formally related but morphologically unrelated word forms on processing, i.e. the pseudo-relatives. The experiment presented here provides evidence in favour of these two variables. We propose a revised model of morphological processing, sensitive to lexical ( e.g. frequency) and exo-lexical characteristics of the stimuli ( e.g. pseudofamily size), capable to cope with various effects induced by true morphological relatives and pseudorelatives, as well as for surface effects, such as the pseudoderivation effect.
Self-control, Coping Strategies and Suicide Ideation in Adults Prisoners of Hamadan, Iran

─ Introduction: Prisoners are faced with many psychological problems.One of the problems that they are experiencing is suicidal thought. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation in prisons and the role of self-control and coping strategies in predicting it. Method: 98 prisoners of Hamadan, Iran prison participated in this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Brief Self-Control Scale, and coping responses scale were used for gathering and Pierson correlation and regression for analyzing the data. Results: Results showed that 33.7% of prisoners had a higher risk and 26.5% low risk of suicidal ideation; Pearson correlation results showed that there is a negative relationship between self-control (r=-.428) and the problem-focused coping strategies (r=-.243) with suicidal ideation in prisoners. Self-control and problem-focused coping strategies have been able to predict the suicidal ideation in prisoners. Conclusion: According to results, educating self-control and problem-focused coping strategies can be effective in reducing the suicidal ideation in prisoners.
Modeling the evolutionary rise of ectomycorrhiza on sub-surface weathering environments and the geochemical carbon cycle

For the past two decades, the spread of angiosperm plants in the Cretaceous and Paleogene has been thought to have enhanced silicate weathering fluxes of Ca and Mg to the oceans, thereby drawing down atmospheric CO2 and ultimately sequestering it in marine carbonate sediments. However, the rise of angiosperm trees in the Cretaceous was coincident with the evolution of ectomycorrhizal fungal associations in angiosperm and gymnosperm trees that have increasingly supplanted trees with the ancestral arbuscular-mycorrhizal associations. This represents the most profound alteration in root functioning to occur in plant evolutionary history, with far-reaching implications for weathering and soil biogeochemistry because the fine roots are enveloped with a fungal sheath. Ectomycorrhizal fungi provide the main nutrient and water-absorbing interface with soil, and the pathway through which organic acids and protons are actively secreted at the scale of individual mineral grains. Here, we test the hypothesis that the rise of ectomycorrhizal trees was a major contributor to the drawdown of atmospheric CO2 over the past 120 Ma through enhanced silicate weathering. We developed a process-based soil chemistry model incorporating the effects of plants with ancestral arbuscular mycorrhizas, and more recently evolved ectomycorrhizas on soil chemistry via its effects on the biological proton cycle, and integrated it into a leading model of the long-term carbon cycle (GEOCARBSULF). Our mechanistic, process-based modeling reveals that the rise of ectomycorrhizal trees can explain the CO2 drawdown previously attributed empirically to the spread of angiosperms. We suggest, therefore, that the evolutionary rise of ectomycorrhizas represents an important driving force of the long-term carbon cycle by enhancing chemical weathering and draw-down of atmospheric CO2 into marine carbonates.
Psychosocial Domestic Resources Mobilization Models for Optimal Revenue for Sustainable Economic Growth

: This study examined and modelled the psychosocial determinants of domestic resource mobilisation (DRM). Specifically, the study examined and modelled the psychological demographic characteristics (Demo), psychological environmental factors (Envi), psychological human behaviour (Hube) and psychological economic factors that influence the DRM. The cross-sectional survey data were used, collected by using the psychological self-checklist from 211 individuals randomly sampled from two regions –Mwanza and Kagera in Tanzania in the year 2020. The partial least squares–structural equations modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to establish the optimal structural models of DRM. The study found that the DRM is highly (positively) influenced by Demo, Hube, and Ecofa. Moreover, the Envi has “U” shaped relations with DRM. The study concluded that psychosocial factors have a significant impact on the DRM capacity of the tax authority. Therefore, both the general and specific (generic) optimal structural models of the DRM are recommended for improving the morale of the taxpayers (tax revenue) and increasing voluntary tax compliance which is endangering the growth of the economy in a country like Tanzania.
Quantitative assessment of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex 1 in healthy, non-medicated experimental sheep 2

20 This study aimed to characterize the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) and to define the 21 nociceptive threshold in 25 healthy, non-medicated experimental sheep in standing posture. 22 Electrical stimulation of the dorsal lateral digital nerves of the right thoracic and the pelvic limb 23 was performed and surface-electromyography (EMG) from the deltoid (all animals) and the 24