Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of inbreeding on pre-weaning and sow performance traits in Large White Yorkshire pigs

The present study was undertaken to study the effect of inbreeding on pre-weaning and sow performance traits of Large White Yorkshire pig population. Data on 7596 Large White Yorkshire pigs maintained at PGRIAS, Kattupakkam from the period of 1990 to 2015, were subjected to least square analysis to study the effect of inbreeding and other non-genetic factors viz., period, season, sex, parity, litter size at birth on various traits using general linear model. Inbreeding was calculated as Wright’s path co-efficient. The mean inbreeding co-efficient of LWY population studied was 2.45 %. Among 7596 animals in the pedigree, 2088 were inbred and the range of individual inbreeding co-efficient (F) was from 0 to 37.5 per cent. The average inbreeding in the inbred population was 8.92 %. The effect of inbreeding was found to be significant for weaning weight, pre-weaning average daily gain and litter weight at weaning, where the traits were found to increase with inbreeding (enhancement). The absence of depressive effect on fitness traits observed in the present study could be due to lower levels of inbreeding, which was possible due to periodic introduction of breeding animals and planned mating.
Global existence and decay of solutions of a singular nonlocal viscoelastic system with damping terms

In this paper, a singular one-dimensional viscoelastic system with a nonlinear source term, nonlocal boundary condition and damping terms is considered. We prove the existence of a global solution using the potential-well theory. Furthermore, by constructing Lyapunov functional combined with the perturbed energy method, the general decay result is proved.
Treatment of Electrical and Electronic Waste to Reduce Environmental Issue

Electrical and electronic wastes (e-waste) are harmful to the environment and human life due to it contain non degradable and hazardous components. Treatment of e-waste is important in order to reduce the environmental issues. Conversion of e-waste into valuable products including liquid oil is believed as one of the good ways to solve the problem. For this purpose, application of microwave technology for e-waste pyrolysis and liquid oil product distillation is very interesting because of the rapid heating processes of materials. This study reported on e-waste processing techniques and specifically highlights the use of microwave technology to convert laptop computer case into liquid oil. The treatment of laptop computer case in this work included microwave pyrolysis of the sample and microwave distillation of the liquid oil product. The result showed that the average yield of liquid oil from pyrolysis of laptop computer case was about 37 % by mass. After liquid oil distillation process, the average yields of each fuels fraction were 67.6 vol.% gasoline, 42.1 vol.% kerosene, 42.8 vol.% diesel, and 14.1 vol.% heavy fuel and residue.
TGF-β regulates expression of KLF6 and its splice variants, and promotes cooperative transactivation of common target genes through a Smad3/Sp1/KLF6 interaction

TGF- (cid:12) regulates expression of KLF6 and its splice variants, and promotes cooperative transactivation of common target genes through a Smad3/Sp1/KLF6 interaction. Abstract KLF6 is a transcription factor and tumor suppressor with a growing range of biological activities and transcriptional targets. Among these, KLF6 suppresses growth through transactivation of transforming growth factor- β 1. KLF6 can be alternatively spliced, generating lower molecular weight isoforms that antagonize the full-length, wild type protein and promote growth. A key target gene of full length KLF6 is endoglin , which is induced in vascular injury. Endoglin, a homodimeric cell membrane glycoprotein and TGF- β auxiliary receptor, has a pro-angiogenic role in endothelial cells and is also involved in malignant progression . The aim of the present work was to explore the effect of TGF- β on KLF6 expression and splicing, and to define the contribution of TGF- β on promoters regulated by cooperation between KLF6 and Sp1. Using co-transfection, co-immunoprecipitation and FRET, our data demonstrate that KLF6 cooperates with Sp1 in transcriptionally regulating KLF6-responsive genes, and that this cooperation is further enhanced by TGF- β 1 through at least two mechanisms. First, in specific cell types TGF- β 1 may decrease KLF6 alternative splicing, resulting in a net increase in full-length, growth-suppressive KLF6 activity. Second, KLF6/Sp1 cooperation is further enhanced by the TGF- β /Smad pathway via the likely formation of a tripartite complex of KLF6, Sp1, and Smad3 in which KLF6 interacts indirectly with Smad3 through Sp1, which may serve as a bridging molecule to coordinate this interaction. These findings unveil a finely tuned network of interactions between KLF6, Sp1, and TGF- β to regulate target genes. left , the corresponding proteins to the transfected vectors could be in total extracts. When these extracts to immunoprecipitation using anti-Flag as antibody, we could Sp1 by WB, in the immunoprecipitate of cells transfected with the expression vector of KLF6 transactivation domain (ZAD) In C, COS-7 cells were transfected with the different pcDNA3 expression vectors of KLF6 including full length (wt), Splicing variants 1 and 2 (Sv1 and Sv2), and the DBD and ZAD KLF6 domains. As all the expression vectors were Flag-tagged, the immunoprecipitates after Flag incubation were separated and subjected to WB developed by Sp1 antibody. The experiments were repeated 3 times.
Quality of life of postmenopausal women of Kaski district

Aim: To assess menopause specific quality of life of postmenopausal women. Method: This descriptive survey was carried out among postmenopausal women aged 40 to 60 years residing in a municipality of Kaski district of Nepal. Data was collected from 150 women meeting the criteria through face to face interview using a structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic items and Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) scale. Results: Respondents’ mean age and SD was 52.83±4.19 years and their mean menopausal age and SD was 47.12±4.34 years. The most common menopausal symptom reported by the respondents was decrease in physical strength (82.70%) and the least frequent symptom was increase in facial hair (7.40%). The mean scores and SD of MENQOL for physical, psychosocial, sexual and vasomotor domains were 1.67±0.42, 1.46±0.42, 1.31±0.47 and 1.27±0.57 respectively. Significant differences were detected in vasomotor, psychosocial and physical domain score according to physical activity, living status and body mass index respectively (p=0.05). Conclusions: Based on findings, it is concluded that all the postmenopausal women tend to have at least one or more menopausal symptoms. Physical domain is the most affected domain of QOL among the postmenopausal women. The presence of menopausal symptoms affects the quality of life of women adversely that warrants focused teaching and counselling.
Study on antibiotic use among geriatric patients based on anatomical therapeutic classification or defined daily dose methodology and world health organization-essential medicine list access, watch and reserve concept in tertiary care hospital of South India

Background: Geriatric patients are more vulnerable to infections and need special consideration on antibiotic use. Resistance to antibiotics among infectious bacteria has developed within a short span. There is a direct correlation between the consumption of antibiotics and the development of resistance. And surprisingly very few literatures were available on antibiotic consumption in geriatric population using defined daily dose (DDD) concept which paved the idea to conduct this study. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out from November 2018 to April 2019. A total of 206 prescriptions of elderly patients were included in the study. The antibiotics were categorized by anatomical therapeutic classification (ATC) and DDD indicator/1000 inhabitants/day (DID) was used to figure out antibiotic consumption. Results: About 25.2% of patients were treated with antibiotics for respiratory tract infections. The patients received antibiotics empirically (53.8%) and without bacteriological investigation (58.73%). The overall consumption of antibiotics was 20.47 DID in which oral antibiotics was (8.5 DID) 42% and parenteral antibiotics (11.8 DID) 58%. Cephalosporins was observed to be the most consumed antibiotics (33.2%), specifically cefotaxime (14.6%) and ceftriaxone (12.6%). Moreover, 54.4% of antibiotics consumed from watch category of World Health Organisation (WHO) essential medicines list (EML) which was completely against WHO standard proportion. Conclusions: Higher consumption of cephalosporins, which falls into watch category was analysed in geriatric patients. These broad-spectrum antibiotics have high potential to develop antimicrobial resistance. A strict antibiotic policy is needed to be framed that enhance rational prescribing practices in geriatrics.
Trait evolution in tropical rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) trees is related to dry season intensity

Drought shapes the distribution and survival of trees even in tropical wet forests, and the wood and leaf trait spectra are used to understand drought adaptations. However, trait variation may result from ontogenetic adjustment or be related to tree size and not reflect evolutionary adaptations. Intraspecific variation in adaptations to drought can be an important factor in a species’ distribution and response to climate change, but excluding potentially confounding factors and proving adaptive evolution are challenging. Provenance trials can identify hereditary variability. We analysed wood and leaf traits in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) tree clones from 15 locations in the Amazon basin that were planted in northern Thailand, controlled for tree size, tested for genetic relatedness and the phylogenetic signal in traits and compared trait variations with the climate at the location of origin. Correlations between traits and tree size were low. Intraspecific trait variation was similar to relationships in published among‐species comparisons, and correlations among wood traits and correlations among leaf traits were stronger than between wood and leaf traits. Genotype explained 30%–70% of the trait variation, and traits differed in how much of this variation was controlled by location or the relatedness among clones. There was no correlation with mean temperature or total annual rainfall. However, rainfall in the driest quarter (19–199 mm) was strongly related to leaf mass per area, carbon isotopic composition and area‐based nitrogen content (r² = 0.54–0.70) and weaker to wood traits (vessel density and vessel lumen fraction). Trees from locations with a stronger dry season also had higher growth rates in Thailand. All traits correlating with climate showed a significant phylogenetic signal. We found no evidence of increased drought tolerance, but the trait spectrum and higher growth in trees from drier locations suggest that deciduous rubber trees have adapted via drought avoidance rather than tolerance. Our study also underlines the importance of looking at a suite of traits rather than individual ones to understand adaptive strategies. A plain language summary is available for this article.
Hygienic Production Practices and Microbial Quality of Cow Milk in Cheha District of Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia

The aim of the study was to assess hygienic production practices and to evaluate microbial quality of raw cows’ milk in Cheha district of Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia. The study was conducted by interviewing 180 smallholder milk producers from two agro-ecologies (highland and midland) and by collecting 40 milk samples from milk producers, small shops, cafes and consumers for microbial quality analysis. The result indicated that majority of the respondents (96.7%) did not have cow barn and milking area, 57.3% of them clean their barn once and more than once a week. Moreover, milking without hand washing, absence of udder washing, failure to use towel to clean the udder, and use of plastic pail as milking equipment were practiced by 33.9%, 52.2%, 74.4% and 95.6% of the respondents, respectively. Furthermore, higher number of respondents (69.4%) used river water without proper treatment as a major source of water for cleaning purpose and majority of them fail to regularly clean utensils with detergents. Concerning microbial quality, overall mean total bacterial counts (TBC), Coliform counts (CC) and pH values of milk from current finding were 5.675 ± 0.016, 4.414 ± 0.017 log10 cfu/ml, and 5.963 ± 0.081, respectively. In general, overall quality of milk produced as well as marketed in the study area was poor. These were justified from poor hygienic practices and high values of TBC and CC that were significantly higher than the acceptable limits set by Ethiopian Standards for unpasteurized milk. Therefore, adequate sanitary and control measures should be taken at all stages from production to consumer level to produce and supply wholesome milk.
Personal values and gift giving act: a proposed connection

The consumption of gifts is relevant and many commerce sales are carried out during traditional times of gift-giving, such as Christmas. The objective of this paper is to propose and validate a model that measures the influence of personal values in the act of gift giving, also considering the role of gender in these relationships. A survey was carried out on 1,085 consumers. Through structural equation modeling with partial least squares (SEM-PLS), it was verified that the gift giving act is influenced by five personal values: self-direction, hedonism, tradition, achievement, and power. The results show that personal values can be used to predict the behavior of gifting. This study integrates Gift-Giving Theory and Personal Values Theory to better understand consumer attitudes and behaviors.
Gonads and gametogenesis in Chaetodactylus osmiae (Acariformes: Astigmata: Chaetodactylidae) a parasite of solitary bees

Chaetodactylus osmiae (Dufour, 1839) is a mite parasitizing the solitary bee - Osmia rufa L. - used as a commercial pollinator. In this study we present the anatomy of female and male reproductive systems of this species as well as its gonadal structure and gametogenesis at the ultrastructural level. The reproductive systems are similar to those of other Astigmata. The ovaries are paired and each contains germ-line cells – a giant nutritive ovarian cell connected via funnel-type intercellular bridges to oogonia and previtellogenic oocytes. Germinal cells are embedded in several large somatic stroma cells. Remarkable numerous protrusions of the nutritive ovarian cell penetrate into the stroma cell cytoplasm. Conspicuous ER cisterns run close and parallel to the surface of the germinal cells. Oocytes entering vitellogenesis disassociate with the nutritive cell and a vitelline envelope composed of heterogeneous material appears on their surface. When vitellogenesis is completed, the oocytes are full of lipid droplets and two types of yolk spheres; the vitelline envelope transforms into a thin and homogeneous chorion.Paired testes are located on one side of the body, whereas the opposite side is filled by a male accessory gland. In testis, germinal cells are embedded in a few somatic stroma cells. The earliest spermatogonia form a compact germarium, whereas later stages are dispersed randomly within the testis. Spermatocytes are characterized by a superficial spongy layer, formation of mitochondrial derivatives, loss of nuclear envelope and condensation of chromatin in threads. A single electron-dense lamella appears during the spermatid stage, separating chromatin threads from a large spongy body surrounded by arcuate, double-membrane bounded cisterns. In spermatids, the superficial spongy layer is absent. The testicular central cell in the germarium and structures related to meiotic division were not observed in the testes. Spermatozoa are multiform cells (approx. 4x11µm) containing electron-dense lamella (ca. 45 nm thick) surrounded by mitochondrial derivatives which separate chromatin threads 45-50 nm thick from remnants of the spongy body i.e. arcuate cistern profiles. Spermatozoa deposited in female spermatheca are more electron dense; the electron-dense lamella is deeply folded several times, whereas chromatin threads are present in the center of the spermatozoon and are either flanked by lamella folds or located more peripherally under the plasmalemma. Remnants of the spongy body are not discernible.
Enrichment in school principals’ ways of seeing mathematics

This study presents a case of a problem that did not originate in theory but rather ended in theory. It addresses the issue of the prevalent, traditional public view of the nature of mathematics and that of its teaching and learning that might hamper mathematics reform. In this study, we present a five-day professional development programme that was designed and conducted within the context of practice-oriented research to help elementary school principals to enrich their views of mathematics in order to see mathematics in a different way, more aligned with mathematics reform. Data was generated before, during, and at the end of this programme, and results showed significant enrichment in participants’ views of mathematics. By using the Variation Theory of Learning, this study aimed to understand how this programme of short duration can make a difference. The core tenet of Variation Theory is that people learn through experiencing differences and similarities (in this order). The Variation Theory of Learning is used as a lens to see the programme's framework, its activities, and outcomes. The analysis clarified that principals’ ways of seeing mathematics were enriched when they experienced patterns of variations and invariance, in particular, the pattern of contrast.
The Structure of Academic Achievement: Searching for Proximal Mechanisms Using Causal Discovery Algorithms

Causal search algorithms have been effectively applied in different fields including biology, genetics, climate science, medicine, and neuroscience. However, there have been scant applications of these methods in social and behavioral sciences. This article provides an illustrative example of how causal search algorithms can shed light on important social and behavioral problems by using these algorithms to find the proximal mechanisms of academic achievement. Using a nationally representative data set with a wide range of relevant contextual and psychological factors, I implement four causal search procedures that varied important dimensions in the algorithms. Consistent with previous research, the algorithms identified prior achievement, executive functions (in particular, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and attentional focusing), and motivation as direct causes of academic achievement. I discuss the advantages and limitations of graphical models in general and causal search algorithms in particular for understanding social and behavioral problems.
The Auditor-Valuation Specialist Coopetitive Alliance in the Fair Value Audit of Complex Financial Instruments

We analyze interviews with valuation specialists (specialists) employed by audit firms (in the Asia-Pacific region, Europe, and the U.S.) to understand how they work with auditors to evaluate the reasonableness of fair value measurements (FVMs) for financial instruments. The exponential growth of FVMs and complex estimates reported on financial statements requires that auditors increasingly rely on specialists to perform these evaluations. Informed by coo-petition theory from management and organizational science, we develop a framework to examine the tensions in the auditor-specialist alliance (the cooperative alliance) and how those tensions can impact FVM audit quality. Our framework considers five factors that contribute to tensions in the coopetitive alliance – organizational structure, economic independence and stressors, project goals, group identity, and knowledge sharing. We find that tensions around the economic independence of the specialist unit, auditor delays in engaging the specialist, and specialists’ perceptions that auditors do not respect their expertise and contribution to the FVM audit, lead specialists to distrust auditors and respond in ways that threaten audit quality. Further, we show that firm-level choices in the organizational structure and policy governing the use of specialists can impact the perceived quality of the specialist unit and the quality of audited FVMs. Our research complements recent studies examining the role of specialists in audit engagements with significant complex estimates and provides new insights to academics, regulators, and professionals.
1.21 Improving pesticide regulation by use of impact analyses: A case study for bees

When changes to regulatory guidance for risk assessment are proposed it is necessary to undertake an impact analysis to assess whether they bring the desired improvement to a risk assessment and reliability of the outcomes to inform decision making. In particular impact analyses should estimate the chances of getting both false negative (concluding low risk where more research is needed) and false positive outcomes (concluding high risks where the product is of low risk). Such analyses are also used to inform on future product development costs and workload for regulatory authorities. In this paper, we present the findings from an impact analysis conducted on the proposed EFSA bee guidance document (2013) and discuss whether the proposed guidance would provide for a cost effective and tiered approach toward the protection of bees due to the potential risks posed by the use of plant protection products. Following on from this a second impact assessment is presented based on new data generated by ECPA member companies regarding the assessment of chronic risk to bees. Critical areas are discussed and suggestions for the improvement of assess the risk assessment for plant protection products (PPP) to bees are presented.
Moral development as the influencer of fraud detection

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of the external auditor's moral development, continuing professional education (CPE) on fraud, and education on fraud detection. Research Methodology: The research sample was taken randomly, and the total respondents were 171 external auditors working in public accounting firms in Indonesia. The analytical data method uses multiple linear regression. The instrument measures moral development using three scenarios, which are the auditor opinion, allowance for receivables, and cost reimbursement, with modifications made to conform with Law 5/2011 concerning public accountant. Results: Results found that moral development and education had a significant effect on fraud detection, while CPE on fraud has no effect on fraud detection. Limitations: One newly developed of the three scenarios measuring moral development may not be suitable for region other than Indonesia. Contribution: The accounting red flag dimension is the dimension that has the most attention, while the dimension according to SA 240, the perpetrator dimension, is the dimension that has the least attention. Keywords: Kohlberg moral development, Education, CPE on fraud, Fraud detection