Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Probabilistic Model to Evaluate Options for Mitigating Induced Seismic Risk

Common responses to induced seismicity are based on control of the anthropogenic activity causing the earthquakes, such as fluid injection or withdrawal, in order to limit either the magnitudes of the events or the level of ground motion to within established thresholds. An alternative risk-mitigation option is seismic retrofitting of the more vulnerable buildings potentially exposed to the ground shaking to reduce the risk to acceptable levels. Optimal mitigation strategies may combine both production control and structural strengthening, for which a probabilistic risk model is required that can estimate the change in hazard caused by production or injection variations and the changes in fragility resulting from structural interventions. Such a risk model has been developed for the Groningen gas field in the Netherlands. The framework for this risk model to inform decision making regarding mitigation strategies can be adapted to other cases of anthropogenically induced seismicity.
Development of a pedagogical framework to analyze the performance of induction machines

This paper elucidates a procedure for ascertaining the performance of induction generators to disseminate the inevitable role of an induction machine in an alternate energy conversion among undergraduate and postgraduate students. Initially, a circle diagram is constructed for generator mode and motor mode using a drawing tool—AutoCAD from a simplified, energy consumption predetermination test data. Later a set of data is derived and is trained using an innovative, powerful pedagogical tool-radial basis function neural network to predict the performance indices of an induction machine. The proposed technique is compared with the experimental results of a three-phase 5 HP induction machine for various loaded conditions. Further, it provides encouraging results that will help the manufacturers to become more involved in the performance strategies of induction machines. Thus, the noninvasive method avoids the manipulation of an algebraic equation of nth order polynomial equations in predicting the generator performance indices.
BJRD15758 1..7

Objective: The role of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) after D2 dissection is controversial. Subgroup analysis of the ARTIST trial indicated that patients with lymph node metastasis might benefit from additional radiation. The present study compared adjuvant CRT with adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) for the treatment of lymph node metastasis and suggested patient-selection guidelines. Methods: Patients with LAGC and positive lymph nodes who underwent D2, R0 gastrectomy in our hospital were retrospectively investigated. Patients were divided into two balanced groups by the use of propensity-score matching: CRT group (n5 138) received adjuvant CRT with fluorouracil-based regimens and radiation (45–50.4Gy), and the CT group (n5 138) received adjuvant CT alone. Results:Of the 276 patients, 147 patients died (69 patients in the CRT group and 78 patients in the CT group), and 151 patients experienced recurrence (65 patients in the CRT group and 86 patients in the CT group). The estimated 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival in the CRT and CT groups were 51.5% vs 41.3% (p50.05) and 52.0% vs 50.1% (p50.35), respectively. The risk of local regional recurrence was increased in the CT group compared with the CRT group (16.7% vs 8.7%, p50.04, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, patients with N1–2 stage were associated with better survival from CRT (hazard ratio50.44, p50.01). Conclusion: Adjuvant CRT may improve the 3-year DFS and local control in patients with LAGC after D2 dissection. Investigation of stratification factors for patient selection is warranted. Advances in knowledge: Patients with N1–2 stage rather than those with N3 stage benefit most from additional radiation after D2 dissection.
Human CD8+ T Regulatory cells with low avidity TcR specific for minor Histocompatibility antigens

Maternal / fetal microchimerism resulting from cell exchanges during pregnancy constitutes a reservoir of persisting alloantigen in mother and adult offspring. These alloantigens induce Minor Histocompatibility (H) antigen-specific immune responses in both mother and her offspring, including CD8+ T regulatory [TR] cells with low T cell receptor [TcR] binding to MHC tetramers. Although they bind cognate MHC/peptide relatively poorly, these CD8 TR nonetheless inhibit high avidity, tetramer-bright CD8 T effector [TE] responding to the same minor H antigen through induction of immunosuppressive DC products. In this review article we explore the mechanisms of such ‘low avidity’ CD8 TR -dependent suppression and discuss their role in naturally acquired tolerance to familial minor H antigens encountered during gestation and in parous females. We discuss the implications of our findings for chronic/persisting viral infections, residual tumor burden after cancer treatment and immunotherapy, and renal allograft tolerance.
Clinical Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ultrasonography (US) for Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Adolescent Girls

Objectives—Evaluate ovarian morphology using 3-dimensional MRI in adolescent girls with and without PCOS. Compare the utility of MRI versus ultrasonography (US) for diagnosis of PCOS Design—Cross-sectional Setting—Urban academic tertiary-care children’s hospital Patients—Thirty-nine adolescent girls with untreated PCOS and 22 age/BMI-matched controls. Intervention—MRI and/or transvaginal/transabdominal US Main Outcome Measure—Ovarian volume (OV); follicle number per section (FNPS); correlation between OV on MRI and US; proportion of subjects with features of polycystic ovaries on MRI and US. Corresponding Author: Raanan Arens, MD, Division of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, The Children’s Hospital at Montefiore, 3415 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, Phone: 718-515-2330, Fax: 718-515-2608, rarens@montefiore.org. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Disclosure Statement: The authors have nothing to disclose. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Fertil Steril. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 November 01. Published in final edited form as: Fertil Steril. 2015 November ; 104(5): 1302–1309.e4. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert. 2015.08. 002. A uhor M anscript
State of the Art

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common and frequently devastating illness characterized by acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, profound inflammation, and flooding of the alveoli. Despite recent advances in ALI care, the morbidity and mortality of ALI continues to be unacceptably high. ALI-inciting events (e.g., sepsis, trauma, aspiration, pneumonia) are quite common, yet only a fraction of patients develop the syndrome. This heterogeneity of patients presenting with ALI has sparked interest in identifying the role of genetic factors that contribute to ALI susceptibility and prognosis. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing and expression technologies now provide the tools to perform large-scale genomic analyses in complex disorders such as ALI; gene expression profiling and pathway analysis provide further insight into previously described molecular pathways involved in the syndrome. In this article, we describe the use of genomewide association studies, ortholog in silico techniques, utility of consomic rat methods, and candidate gene approaches using expression profiling and pathway analyses. These methods have confirmed suspected ALI candidate genes (e.g., IL-6 and MIF), but more impressively have identified novel genes (e.g., GADD45a and PBEF) not previously suspected in ALI. The analysis of the molecular pathways (e.g., the cytoskeleton in vascular barrier regulation) has identified additional genes contributing to the development and severity of ALI (e.g., MLCK), thereby providing therapeutic targets in this devastating illness.
Xp 38 g / SAPK 3 promotes meiotic G 2 / M transition in Xenopus oocytes and activates Cdc 25 C

We have studied the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the meiotic maturation of Xenopus oocytes. Overexpression of a constitutively active mutant of the p38 activator MKK6 accelerates progesterone-induced maturation. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that p38g/SAPK3 is the major p38 activated by MKK6 in the oocytes. We have cloned Xenopus p38g (Xp38g) and show that coexpression of active MKK6 with Xp38g induces oocyte maturation in the absence of progesterone. The maturation induced by Xp38g requires neither protein synthesis nor activation of the p42 MAPK±p90Rsk pathway, but it is blocked by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. A role for the endogenous Xp38g in progesterone-induced maturation is supported by the inhibitory effect of kinase-dead mutants of MKK6 and Xp38g. Furthermore, MKK6 can rescue the inhibition of oocyte maturation by anthrax lethal factor, a protease that inactivates MAPK kinases. We also show that Xp38g can activate the phosphatase XCdc25C, and we identi®ed Ser205 of XCdc25C as a major phosphorylation site for Xp38g. Our results indicate that phosphorylation of XCdc25C by Xp38g/SAPK3 is important for the meiotic G2/M progression of Xenopus oocytes.
Dietary alpha-cyclodextrin lowers LDL-C and alters plasma fatty acid profile in LDLr-KO mice on a high-fat diet

High dietary intake of saturated fat and cholesterol, and elevated low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels are some of the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Alphacyclodextrin (α-CD) when given orally has been shown in rats to increase fecal saturated fat excretion, and to reduce blood total cholesterol levels in obese hypertriglyceridemic subjects with type 2 diabetes. In this study, the effects of dietary α-CD on lipid metabolism in LDL receptor knock-out (LDLr-KO) mice were investigated. LDLr-KO mice were fed a “western diet” (21% milk fat) with or without 2.1% of α-CD (10% of dietary fat content) for 14 weeks. At sacrifice, there was no difference in body weight, but significant decreases were observed in plasma cholesterol (15.3%), free cholesterol (20%), cholesterol esters (14%) and phospholipid (17.5%) levels in mice treated with α-CD compared to control mice. The decrease in total cholesterol was primarily in the proatherogenic apoB-containing lipoprotein fractions, with no significant change in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction. Furthermore, α-CD improved the blood fatty acid profile, reducing the saturated fatty acids (4.5%) and trans-isomers (11%), while increasing (2.5%) unsaturated fatty acids. In summary, the addition of α-CD improved the lipid profile by lowering pro-atherogenic lipoproteins and trans fatty acids, and by decreasing the ratio of saturated and trans fatty acids to polyunsaturated fatty acids (−5.8%), thus suggesting that it may be useful as a dietary supplement for reducing CVD.
Short Communication Immunohistochemical Study of the b-Chemokine Receptors CCR3 and CCR5 and Their Ligands in Normal and Alzheimer’s Disease Brains

Chemokines belong to an expanding family of cytokines the primary function of which is recruitment of leukocytes to inflammatory sites. Recent evidence has shown their presence in the central nervous system. Because inflammatory responses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we studied the expression of CCR3, CCR5, and their ligands in normal and AD brains by immunohistochemistry. CCR3 and CCR5 are present on microglia of both control and AD brains, with increased expression on some reactive microglia in AD. Immunohistochemistry for MIP-1b , MIP-1a , RANTES, eotaxin, and MCP-3 (ligands for CCR5 and/or CCR3) revealed the presence of MIP-1b predominantly in a subpopulation of reactive astrocytes, which were more widespread in AD than control brains, and MIP-1a predominantly in neurons and weakly in some microglia in both AD and controls. Many of the CCR3 or CCR5 reactive microglia and MIP-1b reactive astrocytes were found associated with amyloid deposits. Immunoreactivity for eotaxin, RANTES, and MCP-3 were not detected. Detection of these b-chemokine receptors on microglia and some of their ligands in reactive astrocytes and neurons as well as microglia suggests a role for this system in glial-glial and glial-neuronal interactions, potentially influencing the progression of AD. (Am J Pathol 1998, 153:31–37)
Selective Activation of NF-κB in the Cochlea by Sensory and Inflammatory Stress Running Head: NF-κB Activation

Damage response pathways triggered by mechanical stress might reasonably be expected to be conserved throughout evolution. However, using an NF-κB reporter mouse we show here that this phylogenetically recent transcription factor plays a major role in the response to mechanosensory stress in the mammalian inner ear. The protective action of NF-κB is exerted in neither sensory nor non-sensory epithelial cells, but rather in connective tissue cells within the spiral ligament and spiral limbus. In the spiral ligament, predominantly type I fibrocytes are activated following noise exposure, whereas type II fibrocytes are activated following systemic inflammatory stress. Immune-mediated and acoustic trauma-mediated hearing loss syndromes in humans may in part result from the vulnerability of type II and type I fibrocytes to systemic inflammatory stress and acoustic trauma, respectively. Unexpected cell-specific and stress-specific NF-κB activation found in the inner ear in this in vivo study suggest that this approach may have wide applications in demonstrating similar specializations of stress responses in other tissues, including the brain.
Functional connectivity of fronto-parietal and salience/ventral attention networks have independent associations with co-occurring ADHD symptoms in children with autism

Background: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and co-occurring attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms have worse functional outcomes and treatment response than those without ADHD symptoms. Here we test the hypothesis that aberrant functional connectivity of two large-scale executive brain networks implicated in ADHD — the frontoparietal and salience/ventral attention networks – also play a role in ADHD symptoms in ASD. Methods: We compared resting-state functional connectivity of the two executive brain networks in children with ASD (n=77) and typically developing controls (n=82). These two executive brain networks are comprised of five sub-networks (three fronto-parietal, two salience/ventral attention). After identifying aberrant functional connections among subnetworks, we examined dimensional associations with parent-reported ADHD symptoms. Results: Weaker functional connectivity in ASD was present within and between fronto-parietal and salience/ventral attention sub-networks. Decreased functional connectivity within a single salience/ventral attention sub-network, as well as between two fronto-parietal sub-networks, significantly correlated with ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, follow-up linear regressions demonstrated that the salience/ventral attention and fronto-parietal sub-networks explain unique variance in ADHD symptoms. These executive brain network-ADHD symptom relationships remained significant after controlling for ASD symptoms. Finally, specificity was also demonstrated through the use of a control brain network (visual) and a control comorbid symptom domain (anxiety). Conclusion: The present findings provide novel evidence that both fronto-parietal and salience/ ventral attention networks’ weaker connectivities are linked to ADHD symptoms in ASD. Moreover, co-occurring ADHD in the context of ASD is a source of meaningful neural heterogeneity in ASD.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1a Signaling Promotes Repair of the Alveolar Epithelium after Acute Lung Injury

From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine,* Department of Medicine, and the Program in Cell Biology,y Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine,z Mucosal Inflammation Program,{ Integrated Department of Immunology,k and Program in Translational Lung Research,zz Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; the Department of Research,x Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado; the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine,** University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,yy University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Solubility Partner IF2 Domain I Enables High Yield Synthesis of Transducible Transcription Factors in E. coli

Since the discovery that somatic cells could be reprogrammed back to a pluripotent state through the viral expression of a certain set of transcription factors, there has been great interest in reprogramming using a safer and more clinically relevant protein-based approach. However, the search for an efficient reprogramming approach utilizing the transcription factors in protein form requires a significant amount of protein material. Milligram quantities of transcription factors are challenging to obtain due to low yields and poor solubility. In this work, we describe enhanced production of the pluripotency transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog, and Lin28 after fusing them to a solubility partner, IF2 Domain I (IF2D1). We expressed and purified milligram quantities of the fusion proteins. Though the transcription factor passenger proteins became insoluble after removal of the IF2D1, the un-cleaved Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog fusion proteins exhibited specific binding to their consensus DNA sequences. However, when we administered the un-cleaved IF2D1-Oct4-R9 and IF2D1-Sox2-R9 to fibroblasts and measured their ability to influence transcriptional activity, we found that they were not fully bioactive; IF2D1-Oct4-R9 and IF2D1-Sox2-R9 influenced only a subset of their downstream gene targets. Thus, while the IF2D1 solubility partner enabled soluble production of the fusion protein at high levels, it did not yield fully bioactive transcription factors.
Transverse distinguishability of entangled photons with arbitrarily shaped spatial near- and far-field distributions

Entangled photons generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion are ubiquitous in quantum optics. In general, they exhibit a complex spatial photon count distribution. This spatial structure is responsible for seemingly surprising results concerning, e.g., complementarity such as the apparent simultaneous observation of interference fringes V and which-way information D at a double slit, as recently reported by Menzel et al. [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA109, 9314 (2012)10.1073/pnas.1201271109PNASA60027-8424]. We implement a complete quantitative model of the SPDC interaction that fully incorporates the effects of crystal anisotropies, phase matching, and the pump beam structure and allows for arbitrary manipulations of the SPDC light in the near and far fields. This enables us to establish an upper bound D2+V2≤1.47 for the experimental parameters reported by Menzel et al. We report new experimental results that agree excellently with these theoretical predictions. The new model enables a detailed quantitative analysis of this surprising result and the fair sampling interpretation of biphotons passing a double slit.
Several Tests for Model Specication in the Pres-ence of Alternative Hypotheses

Several procedures are proposed for testing the specification of an econometric model when one or more models purport to explain the same phenomenon. These procedures are closely related, although not identical, to non-nested hypothesis tests proposed by Pesaran and Deaton, and have similar asymptotic properties. They are simple conceptually and computationally, and unlike earlier techniques, may be used to test against several alternative models simultaneously. Some empirical results suggest that ability of the tests to reject false hypotheses is likely to be good in practice.
Magnetic damping of steady streaming vortices in an oscillatory viscous flow over a wavy wall

The effect of a transverse magnetic field on the steady streaming vortices generated by an oscillatory viscous flow over a wavy wall is studied. The wall is assumed to be electrically insulated, and the axial magnetic field induced by the electric currents circulating in the fluid is neglected. A perturbative solution is developed assuming that the amplitude of fluid oscillation is very small compared with the wall wavelength and that the amplitude of the wavy wall is much smaller than the Stokes layer. Upper and lower steady regions of recirculation appear when the wavelength of the wall is much larger than the Stokes layer thickness. This steady streaming flow is found to be damped out by the action of the magnetic field. As the magnetic field strength increases, momentum diffuses out along the field lines causing the elongation of the vortices in the field direction. As a consequence of the flow two-dimensionality, the streaming vortices can be completely annihilated by magnetic braking. This behavior is confirmed through numerical calculations. In the absence of a magnetic field, a correction to the Rayleigh’s law of streaming is obtained.
Outcomes and predictors of tuberculosis mortality in Kweneng West District, Botswana: a retrospective cohort study

Introduction Botswana is among the countries with the highest tuberculosis (TB) notification rates in the world. However, there is paucity of data on the outcomes and predictors of TB mortality at district level in Botswana. This study was aimed at describing the TB outcomes and identifying the predictors of mortality in Kweneng West district, Botswana. Methods this was a retrospective cohort study of TB outcomes in Kweneng West, from January 2008 to December 2016. All documented drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB) patients aged 16 years and above were included. The World Health Organization (WHO) definitions of treatment outcomes for DS-TB were used. Binary logistic regression was used to identify predictors of mortality. Results there were 1475 TB notifications in the study period. The median age was 36 years and 41.5% were female. A total of 728 (49.4%) were HIV positive. Pulmonary TB (PTB) accounted for 87.3% of all cases. The overall treatment success rate (TSR) was 81.9% and the mortality rate was 9.4%. Compared to the 16-25 years age group, patients aged more than 65 years had the highest risk of mortality (AOR=9.63). Other significant predictors of mortality were male sex (AOR=1.63), no sputum microscopy (AOR=1.77), positive HIV (AOR=2.13) and unknown HIV status (AOR=4.47). Positive sputum microscopy (AOR=0.50) and extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) (AOR=0.56) were associated with less mortality. Conclusion while Botswana has relatively good TB treatment success rates, the mortality rates are high. Public health interventions should target the identified risk factors of mortality.