Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Productivity and profitability of alternative steer growth paths resulting from accessing high-quality forage systems in the subtropics of northern Australia: a modelling approach

Beef producers have to determine the best allocation of a limited resource of high-quality forage. This analysis assessed the most profitable way of incorporating high-quality forages into the whole-of-life steer growth path on forage systems in central Queensland, using property-level, regionally relevant herd models that determine whole-of-business productivity and profitability over a 30-year investment period. Twenty-two growth paths (liveweight change over time) from weaning to marketing were investigated for steers grazing buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) pastures with and without access to leucaena–grass pastures (Leucaena leucocephala spp. glabrata + perennial, tropical grass (C4) species) or forage oats (Avena sativa) for varying intervals throughout their growth path. The production, economic and financial effect of each growth path was assessed by comparison to a base scenario that produced finished, slaughter steers (605 kg) from buffel grass pastures. The relative profitability of marketing steers at feedlot entry (feed-on) weight (474 kg) instead of slaughter weights was also assessed. The growth paths were applied within two beef enterprises, namely (1) steer turnover and (2) breeding and finishing. For both enterprises, grazing steers on leucaena-grass pastures from weaning until they achieved feedlot entry weight (474 kg) was substantially more profitable than any other growth path. Compared with the base scenario, this optimal growth path improved profitability by 121% and 37% for the steer turnover and the breeding and finishing enterprises respectively. The purchase of additional breeders for the latter enterprise was required to optimise utilisation of the leucaena–grass pastures immediately. Incorporating leucaena–grass pastures at any steer age improved the profitability of the steer turnover enterprise (AU$7368–AU$106508 extra profit/annum), and similarly for the breeding and finishing enterprise (AU$1754–AU$31383 extra profit/annum) except for two scenarios where leucaena–grass pastures were provided to older steers targeted at the feed-on market (AU$4816 and AU$23886 less profit/annum). However, incorporation of leucaena–grass into steer growth paths also resulted in increased peak deficit levels and financial risk to the business compared with buffel grass-only production systems, with payback periods for the most profitable growth path of 8 and 14 years for the steer turnover and the breeding and finishing enterprise respectively. All growth paths that incorporated forage oats and leucaena–grass resulted in lower economic and financial performance than did comparable growth paths that incorporated leucaena–grass only. Furthermore, incorporating oats into buffel grass-only growth paths always reduced the enterprise profitability. There was no relationship, across scenarios within an enterprise, between change in profit and the number of extra weaners produced or the amount of extra beef produced per hectare.
Study of Nutritional, Phytochemicals and Functional Properties of Mango Kernel Powder

Food ingredient with good nutritional and phytochemical properties is always in search. This research was conducted to study the effect of different treatments, namely soaking and blanching, on nutrient, phytochemical, and functional properties of mango kernel powder (MKP). Three treatments were carried out to produce MKP, which were soaking (48 h), heat treatment/blanching (45 °C for 2 min), and control. The seed was cut into four pieces and dried in cabinet drier for 7 h at 60 °C until it becomes brittle. The kernel was ground to pass through a 0.85 mm size sieve. Powder from three treatments was subjected to nutrient analysis, phytochemical analysis, and functional properties evaluation. Crude fat increased significantly (p<0.05) in soaked mango kernel powder, while the treatment decreased total ash, iron, calcium, and phosphorous significantly (p<0.05). Oil absorption capacity (OAC), water absorption capacity (WAC), and wettability of MKP decreased significantly (p<0.05) after treatment, while bulk density increased significantly (p<0.05). The wettability of soaked MKP decreased significantly (p<0.05), while it significantly increased for heated MKP (p<0.05). The heat treatment produced a significant reduction (p<0.05) in ascorbic acid (18.24%), polyphenol content (4.7%), tannin (76.44%), and flavonoid (7.38%) compared to untreated flour while soaking result in a significant reduction (p<0.05) in ascorbic acid (13.1%), polyphenol (3.47%), tannin (63.73%), and flavonoid (21.76%). The antioxidant activity was found to be significantly less (68.33%) in heat-treated MKP compared (p<0.05) to the soaked MKP (79%) and untreated MKP (84.33%). A positive correlation was found between the polyphenol and antioxidant activity. It can be concluded that MKP without treatment can be explored for composite flour as phytochemicals and functional property were found to be better than treated flour.
SCHEDULING MAIZE IRRIGATION BASED ON CROP WATER STRESS INDEX (CWSI)

Qualitative and quantitative restrictions on water resources have given rise to large water stress on land and plants. The recognition of such stresses can be of help in crop management. Due to the large impact on yield, water stress plays an important role in planning proper irrigation, timing, and amount of water needed by plants. Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) is used for monitoring and quantifying water stress as well as for irrigation scheduling. This study was conducted for the purpose of determining the Maize (SC-701) irrigation Scheduling, use of leaf temperature in the north of Isfahan, Iran, in the crop year 2013, with five irrigation areas, where the amount of Total Available Water (TAW) was 35, 65, 75, 85, 100% respectively, in four replications. Results revealed that in return of TAW from 35 to 100%, Leaf and air temperature difference (Tl-Ta) reached 4 °C. CWSI rose about three times. CWSI in the day before the irrigation in treatment T1 and T5 was about 0.12 and 0.46, respectively. The results revealed that non-stress equation for corn in the T3 (75%TAW), was 7105 . 1 4101 . 1 ) ( .     VPD T T l l a c and stress equation was completely fixed and is equal to 2.3. CWSI index is based on irrigation planning and it was 0.24. Examining yield results revealed that irrigation scheduling in this area should be done by treatment at 75% TAW.
Discovery of hierarchical representations for efficient planning

We propose that humans spontaneously organize environments into clusters of states that support hierarchical planning, enabling them to tackle challenging problems by breaking them down into sub-problems at various levels of abstraction. People constantly rely on such hierarchical presentations to accomplish tasks big and small – from planning one’s day, to organizing a wedding, to getting a PhD – often succeeding on the very first attempt. We formalize a Bayesian model of hierarchy discovery that explains how humans discover such useful abstractions. Building on principles developed in the robotics literature, the model predicts that hierarchy discovery should be sensitive to the topological structure, reward distribution, and distribution of tasks in the environment. In five simulations, we show that the model accounts for previously reported effects of environment structure on planning behavior, such as detection of bottleneck states and transitions. We then test the novel predictions of the model in seven behavioral experiments, demonstrating how the distribution of tasks and rewards can additionally influence planning behavior via the discovered hierarchy, sometimes facilitating and sometimes hindering performance. We also show that people use uncertainty to guide their learning in a way that is informative for hierarchy discovery. Finally, we propose how hierarchy discovery and hierarchical planning might be implemented in the brain. Together, these findings present an important advance in our understanding of how the brain might use Bayesian inference to uncover and exploit the hidden hierarchical structure of the world.
Genetic variability studies for yield and yield components in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the oldest oilseed crops and is widely cultivated in India and Worldwide. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the sesame genotypes using 18 traits to elucidate the information on the amount of variability on yield and with yield attributing traits. Based on the variability parameters such as ANOVA (Analysis of variance), Phenotypic and Genotypic Coefficient of Variations (PCV, GCV) the selected yield contributing traits were number of capsules per plant, capsule length, number of seeds per capsule, 1000 seed weight, oil content and single plant yield. Heritability studies revealed that all the traits except capsule width and single plant yield showed high heritability, indicating heritability was mostly due to additive gene action. Genetic advance as per cent of mean was high for all the traits except plant height, capsule width and single plant yield. Based on the study, heritability was mostly due to additive gene action. Selection for highly hertitable and high genetic advance as per cent of mean traits may be effective for the improvement of sesame.
COMBINED EFFECT OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALS.) AND GAMMA IRRADIATION ON POTATO TUBER MOTH PHTHORIMAEA OPERCULELLA (ZELLER)

he objective of this study was to show the susceptibility of different immature stages (eggs, larvae and pupae) of potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Glechiidae) to the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Beauveria bassiana, and the effect of irradiating full-grown male pupae of ph. operculella at sub-sterilizing doses 100 and 200 Gy of gamma irradiation (alone and in combination with LC50 of B. bassiana) on some biological aspects of resulting F1 larvae, the results showed that, the EPF B. bassiana was pathogenic to all immature stages with LC50 values of 5.5x103, 28.56 and 1.1x105 conidia/ml, respectively, larvae were more susceptible to infection by B. bassiana than eggs and pupae. The percents of larval and pupal mortality were increased as the radiation doses increased while the percents of pupation and adult emergence were decreased as the radiation dose increased. Combination of gamma radiation and B. bassiana was more effective than either treatment of them alone.
Extraction of Heart Rate from Multimodal Video Streams of Neonates using Methods of Machine Learning

The World Health Organization estimates that more than one-tenth of births are premature. Premature births are linked to an increase of the mortality risk, when compared with full-term infants. In fact, preterm birth complications are the leading cause of perinatal mortality. These complications range from respiratory distress to cardiovascular disorders. Vital signs changes are often prior to these major complications, therefore it is crucial to perform continuous monitoring of this signals. Heart rate monitoring is particularly important. Nowadays, the standard method to monitor this vital sign requires adhesive electrodes or sensors that are attached to the infant. This contact-based methods can damage the skin of the infant, possibly leading to infections. Within this context, there is a need to evolve to remote heart rate monitoring methods. This thesis introduces a new method for region of interest selection to improve remote heart rate monitoring in neonatology through Photoplethysmography Imaging. The heart rate assessment is based on the standard photoplethysmography principle, which makes use of the subtle fluctuations of visible or infrared light that is reflected from the skin surface within the cardiac cycle. A camera is used, instead of the contact-based sensors. Specifically, this thesis presents an alternative method to manual region of interest selection using methods of Machine Learning, aiming to improve the robustness of Photoplethysmography Imaging. This method comprises a highly efficient Fully Convolutional Neural Network to select six different body regions, within each video frame. The developed neural network was built upon a ResNet network and a custom upsampling network. Additionally, a new post-processing method was developed to refine the body segmentation results, using a sequence of morphological operations and centre of mass analysis. The developed region of interest selection method was validated with clinical data, demonstrating a good agreement (78%) between the estimated heart rate and the reference.
Economic and legal subordination in modern trends of labor law development

The article discusses some trends in the development of labor law in Russia, taking into account foreign experience. We consider relations that were not previously formally regulated by law (for example, those arising from actual admission to work by an unauthorized person) or regulated by civil law from the scope of labor law. We noted that in cases where it is impossible to draw a conclusion about the sectoral nature of contractual relations and dependence of the employee, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prescribes that they should be considered as labor relations. We also discussed the study of the evolution of the employer’s power, subordination as a specific feature of labor relations. We came to conclusion that the new expansion of labor law should be based not on legal but rather on economic interrelations between employee and employer.
Adsorption and reaction of SO2 on model Ce1-xZrxO2(111) catalysts

The interaction of SO2 with ceria−zirconia model catalysts was studied using high-resolution synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Epitaxial Ce1 - xZrxO2(111) (x = 0.1 and 0.3) thin films (500−700 A in thickness) were grown by oxygen-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on single-crystal Y-stabilized ZrO2(111). Slightly defective surfaces were achieved by vacuum annealing at 900 K, and highly defective surfaces with O vacancies were obtained by 1.5-keV Ne+ sputtering. On the slightly defective Ce0.9Zr0.1O1.95(111) and Ce0.7Zr0.3O1.95(111) surfaces, the only products upon SO2 adsorption at 300 K are SO4/SO3 species, which gradually desorb from the surface between 300 and 900 K. SO2 adsorption on the heavily reduced surfaces results in different behavior. A complex set of compounds is observed during adsorption and thermal conversion processes. The Ceδ+ states (δ ≤ 3) play a dominant role in the adsorption of SO2 and cleavage of S−O bonds. The relative amount of sulfur-derived adsorbat.
Anaerobic Biostimulation for the In Situ Precipitation and Long-Term Sequestration of Metal Sulfides

Abstract : The precipitation of dissolved metals in groundwater under anaerobic conditions has been the subject of numerous studies, but there has been very limited research on the mineralogy and the stability of these precipitates under variable geochemical conditions. Examining the mineralogy and establishing the rate of dissolution of precipitates under aerobic conditions is the subject of this SERDP supported research. A field research site was established at Site No. ST-65, a former refueling area at the Avon Park Air Force Range in Florida. Site ST-65 had high concentrations of arsenic (As) in shallow groundwater within a sandy, naturally anaerobic aquifer. Sediment and groundwater were collected from the area with the highest concentration of As in groundwater (1800 parts per billion [ppb]) and were used to construct four flow-through columns for a bench-scale laboratory study conducted at Princeton University. In these experiments, indigenous sulfate reducing bacteria were stimulated with injections of sodium lactate, ethanol, ferrous iron and sulfate over a period of several months under strictly anaerobic conditions. Analysis of the sediments from one column indicated the presence of As-bearing sulfides, including arsenopyrite and realgar, at ten times the concentration of the natural sediments. Aerobic water was then passed through one of these columns for 115 days. Analyses of the dissolved As concentrations over this time when compared to the total As in the analyzed sediments suggested that only 2% of the sequestered As was dissolved after 116 pore volumes of aerobic groundwater had passed through the column. Analyses of the As concentration of sediments in 15 mL column experiments leached by the same water over the same time period, which was equivalent to 11,600 pore volumes, yielded an As loss rate which agreed within error with the results of the larger column experiment.
Keragaman Genetik Mindi (Melia Azedarach L) Asal Desa Selaawi, Kec. Talegong, Kab. Garut, Prop. Jawa Barat dengan Penanda Mikrosatelit

Melia azedarach L. is one of the fast growing spesies which is potential to be develoved in community forest. This species is found to ocuppy most agroforestry lands in Selaawi Village (Garut, West Java). Based on interview with community that there are two types small fruit mindi and big fruit mindi. Microsatelit marker were used to assess the genetic variation. The results showed that the genetic variation of mindi in Selaawi Village was high ranging from He 0,379 – 0,439.
COMPETITION AND STABILITY IN AFRICAN BANKING

This paper investigates the implications of market power on issues of bank efficiency and stability in African developing countries. Using data from 229 banks in 7 African economies over the period 2009-2016, we calculate market power, bank efficiency and stability estimates at the bank level. We employed different specifications of the conventional Lerner indicator to measure the degree of market power and the Z-index to account for bank stability. Bank efficiency scores were estimated with the stochastic frontier analysis. Our results show that a higher degree of market power results in profit efficiency gains and enhanced bank stability, despite significant cost efficiency losses. Further, as banks gain market power, they also benefit from greater firm stability and reduced risk potential. This result supports the traditional view that increased competition may undermine bank stability. Our results also seem to suggest that efficiency Granger-causes market power indicating, that changes in profit efficiency precede changes in market power. Banks that are able to operate more profit efficiently will gain greater market power in comparison with their peers. Overall, our findings seem to suggest that higher degrees of market power bring about greater profit rates and enhanced bank stability.
The effects of inbreeding on litter traits in Hampshire dams

In Swedish pig production, the use of three breed crosses is the most common and Hampshire is one of the most common breeds to use as the father breed. Hampshire are bred for its meat quality, feed conversion ratio and high growth rate, but the Swedish purebred population is quite small, and inbreeding could be a problem. However, inbreeding is believed to affect traits connected to fitness, such as litter size and health traits. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse how the total number of piglets born (TNB), the number of piglets born alive (NBA) and the percent of stillborn piglets (SB) are affected by dam and litter inbreeding in the Hampshire breed. The results show that all the analysed traits are negatively affected by inbreeding. The dam inbreeding had an effect of -0.173 for TNB and -0.028 for NBA while the litter inbreeding had an effect of -0.417 for TNB and -0.286 for NBA. This is for each 10 % increase in inbreeding. Although, the SB showed a decreasing trend, meaning the percent of stillborn piglets are lower with increasing trend of inbreeding but the only significant factor for this trait was the nucleus herd. This could mean that the management of the animals have a larger impact on this trait than inbreeding has. The inbreeding level has also been increasing the last 10 years in the Hampshire breed and if it continues to increase this could have a negatively impact on the reproductive traits and maybe, in the end, also the meat quality traits.
Systematic review of nerve injury following total hip replacement with posterior or lateral approach

Background: Total hip replacement, is common surgical procedure, performed through posterior or lateral approach but it is yet not clear which method is safe and provides reduced risk of nerve injury. Nerve injury after total hip replacement can be severe debilitating leading to poor outcome. Thus we performed this systematic review with the aim to assess the risk of nerve injury after THR by different surgical approaches and to evaluate the adverse effects and the functional outcomes of nerve injury after THR Material & Methods: A thorough literature search conducted of Cochrane Bone Joint and Muscle Trauma Group, Cochrane Database of the Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials, MEDILINE, EMBASE and CINAHL from their inception to 29 May 2014. Grey literature was located via the website www.opengrey. eu, conference proceedings and trial registries. Prospective and retrospective case series and case control studies were included in the systematic review. The inclusion criteria were adult population of 18 years and above with total hip replacement for osteoarthritis, dysplastic hip, acetabular fracture or revision total hip replacement. The exclusion criteria were patients below 18 years of age, with pre-operative nerve palsy or with previous medical conditions like stroke and low back pain. Cadaveric and biomechanical studies and studies conducted in non-English languages were excluded. Authors independently selected the studies using inclusion and exclusion criteria, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. Results: A case control study, two prospective case series and two retrospective case series were included in this systematic review. The studies selected overall reported 97 patients with nerve injury following 36735 total hip replacements (prevalence 0.2%). Only one out of the five selected studies reported statistically significant effecting outcome after nerve injury, following posterior approach compared lateral approach. Conclusion: The systematic review results revealed an overall very low quality of evidence and could not offer support for any particular surgical approach to reduce nerve injury during total hip replacement. The systematic review underlined the need for further studies to properly establish the risk factors associated with different surgical approaches to improve evidence based knowledge and reduce patient disability.