Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual interest and learning in secondary school STEM education

Interest research offers different hypotheses about the association between interest and learning outcomes. The standard hypothesis proposes that interest predicts learning outcomes: people acquire new knowledge about a topic they find interesting. The affective by-product hypothesis assumes that learning predicts interest: by learning something, people develop an interest in this topic. Finally, the reciprocal hypothesis states that interest and learning covary. This longitudinal study aimed to test the predictive validity of these three hypotheses in the context of secondary school STEM education. The participants were 104 Finnish 7th grade students aged 12-14. Data were collected at three times during the school year through questionnaires and grade evaluations in mathematics and biology. A partial least squares (PLS) path modeling approach was used to determine the relationships between interest and course grades across the three measurement points: at the beginning of the autumn semester, at the beginning of the spring semester, and after the spring semester at the end of the school year. The results differed between the autumn and spring semesters: During the autumn semester, students’ interest predicted their grades, whereas during the spring semester, grades predicted their interest. These findings indicate that the relationships between students’ individual interest towards science and mathematics with learning vary. As a practical implication, more focus should be put on when and what type of performance feedback is given to students with differing interest profiles.
Habitat selection of the Eurasian Otter, Lutra lutra, in Jajrood river, Iran

Abstract The Jajrood River, with 140 km length in the east of Tehran, was selected for this study. To study otter distribution, 16 sites at about 5 km intervals were selected and otter signs, habitat parameters such as vegetation cover, river width and the presence of fish in the river were recorded for each 600 m stretch by walking its entire length. A total of 599 signs of otter presence (spraints, tracks, holts, rolling places and passes) were identified over the whole study period, the most common being spraints. Otter spraints were found in 6 of the 16 sites, and three core distribution areas were identified. A seasonal change was found in spraint frequency in the study area. Multiple linear regressions was used for predicting the variables that influence sprainting activity. Significant and positive relationships were found between the number of otter signs, the altitude and the presence of pools.
Lidocaine improves cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through cAMP/PKA signaling pathway

Influence of lidocaine on rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) was studied to explore its mechanism of action. A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and model group, and the rat model of CIRI was prepared by the suture-occluded method in the model group. Then the rats in the model group were randomly assigned into the model group (n=10) and the lidocaine group (n=10). The neurological function score of rats was evaluated, and the levels of serum B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) in rats were determined using ELISA. TUNEL assay was performed to detect the neuronal apoptosis in the brain of rats. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) were measured via RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Compared with those in the control group, the rats in the model group had an elevated neurological function score, a raised level of Bcl-2, but a reduced level of Bax in the serum, an obviously increased rate of neuronal apoptosis in the brain and decreased mRNA and protein levels of cAMP and PKA in cerebral tissues. The rats in lidocaine group had a lower neurological function score, a lower level of Bcl-2, but a higher level of Bax in the serum, an evidently lower rate of neuronal apoptosis in the brain and higher mRNA and protein levels of cAMP and PKA in cerebral tissues than those in the model group. Lidocaine can improve the neurological function of rats with CIRI and inhibit neuronal apoptosis in the brain, and its mechanism of action may be related to the activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway.
Adubação NPK e tamanho da batata-semente no crescimento, produtividade e rentabilidade de plantas de batata

A cultura da batata demanda alto investimento para a sua implantacao. Dentre os insumos responsaveis pelo alto custo da lavoura, destacam-se os fertilizantes e a semente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar o efeito de doses de fertilizantes e tamanhos de batata-sementes no crescimento, produtividade e rentabilidade da cultura da batata. O experimento foi conduzido em uma lavoura comercial de batata em Guarapuava-PR, a partir de dezembro de 2010. Os tratamentos foram constituidos de 0, 2, 4 e 6 t ha-1 do fertilizante mineral 4-14-08 (parcela) e batatas-semente do tipo I e III (subparcela), arranjados em esquema de parcela subdividida, em blocos ao acaso, com tres repeticoes. Foram avaliados o comprimento da haste principal, numero de hastes, indice de area foliar, massa fresca e numero de tuberculos, aos 24, 41 e 57 dias apos a emergencia, alem de quantificar a produtividade comercial e o numero de tuberculos no periodo da colheita. Calculou-se tambem a maxima eficiencia tecnica e economica das doses de fertilizantes. Nao houve interacao significativa entre doses de fertilizantes e tamanhos de batata-semente em nenhuma caracteristica analisada. As doses de fertilizantes influenciaram todas as caracteristicas analisadas, sendo que, de modo geral, as maiores doses resultaram em maiores valores das caracteristicas. Entretanto, as doses de fertilizantes influenciaram com menor intensidade o numero de hastes, que foi a caracteristica mais influenciada pelo tamanho da batata-semente, sendo maior em plantas oriundas de sementes do tipo I. O tamanho da batata-semente nao influenciou a produtividade de tuberculos. Observou-se aumento da produtividade de tuberculos com o aumento da dose de fertilizante ate 4,2 t ha-1, porem a maxima eficiencia economica foi atingida com 3,5 t ha-1 de fertilizante. Conclui-se, portanto, que a utilizacao da dose de 3,5 t ha-1 e batatas-semente do tipo III resultaram na melhor opcao economica para o produtor.
Variability in yield responses of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes under early season drought.

The objectives of the present study were to investigate the variability in yield responses of peanut genotypes subjected to Early Season Drought (ESD) and to evaluate characters associated with yield. The field experiment was conducted in the rainy and dry seasons. Eleven genotypes of peanut and two water regimes (field capacity and 1/3 available soil water) were laid out in split plot design with four replications. Where, water regimes were assigned in main plots and 11 peanut genotypes were laid out in subplots. Imposition of ESD following re-watering resulted in an increase of pod yield compared to the irrigated treatment. Significant genotypic differences in yield response in relation to ESD were observed in this study and this could be useful in selecting desired genotypes in peanut breeding program. The highest pod yields were found in ICGV 98303 and Tainan 9 in the rainy season, whereas, in the dry season, ICGV 98303 was still highest for pod yield followed by ICGV 98300. After re-watering, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading, leaf area index and biomass productions were increased. Thus, increase in yield was associated with high biomass production after recovery combined with great green leaf area and concentration of leaf chlorophyll.
A Design Parameter for Reef Beach Profiles—A Methodology Applied to Cadiz, Spain

The southwestern coast of Spain is in a tidal zone (mesotidal) which causes the equilibrium profile to be developed in two different sections: the breakage section and the swash section. These two sections give rise to the typical bi-parabolic profile existing in tidal seas. The existence of areas with reefs/rocks which interrupt the normal development of the typical bi-parabolic profile causes different types of beach profiles. The objective of this article is designing an easy methodology for determining new formulations for the design parameters of the equilibrium profile of beaches with reefs in tidal seas. These formulations are applied on 16 profiles to quantify the error between the real profile data and the modelling results. A comparative analysis is extended to the formulations proposed by other authors, from which it is found that better results are obtained with the new formulations.
Selective Proliferation of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Accumulation of Lactic Acid during Open Fermentation of Kitchen Refuse with Intermittent pH Adjustment

When minced and autoclaved model kitchen refuse was inoculated with a small amount of non-autoclaved model kitchen refuse as seed culture, incubated at 37°C for 3-5 days and intermittently pH neutralized, 27-45 g/l of lactic acid was accumulated with a small amount of acetic acid and ethanol. The highest accumulation and highest productivity levels of lactic acid were observed at an initial and adjusted pH of 7.0 and a 6 h interval of pH adjustment. After several hours of lag, the lactic acid bacteria became the dominant cell type during the incubation, while the number of coliform bacteria and clostridia decreased. Such selective and stable accumulation of lactic acid was achieved in dozens of different experiments with various refuse preparations. In contrast, with continuous pH adjustment, Iactic acid once accumulated was labile and a small amount of butyric acid was produced, increasing the number of clostridia. The dominant bacteria isolated from the fermentation with intermittent pH adjustment were identified as Lactobacillus plantarnm and L. brevis.
The early development of the human diencephalon

The deyelopmental history of the mammalian diencephalon should offer the best basis from which the complex adult mammalian thalamus might be homologized or contrasted with the thalamus of lower vertebrates, yet 'few detailed studies of the embryology of this part of the forebrain have been made. The classical work of His ( '04)' on the early development of the human brain, describes the appearance of six fiber tracts within the diencephalon, but does not include the nuclear development of this region. Streeter ('12) and Hochstetter ('19) have given adequate descriptions of the morphological development of the human diencephalon, but have not investigated the differentiation of the nuclei and tracts. Grunthal ('30) and Kuhlenbeck ('30) studied the diencephalon in a few human embryos, but did not follow the ontogenetic history of the regions which they identified. Windle ('32 and '33) has made careful studies of the fiber connections of the diencephalon in young cat embryos by means of pyridine silver preparations, in connection with his study of the development of fetal behavior. Bianchi ('09), F'ortuyn ('12), and Miura ('33) have made detailed studies of the development and differentiation of the diencephalon in the rabbit, and on the basis of their observations they have drawn some conclusions regarding the phylogenetic relations
Estimation of the relative bioavailability of copper sources in chicks fed on conventional dietary amounts

Abstract 1. Tissue accumulation of Cu from dietary additions of 0, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg Cu as reagent grade Cu acetate and feed grade Cu carbonate was determined in day‐old chicks fed on conventional maize‐soyabean meal starter diets (5.41 mg/kg Cu as‐fed basis) for 3 weeks. 2. Average daily food intake, daily weight gain and food conversion were similar among treatments. 3. There were linear increases in plasma and liver Cu concentrations (P< 0.01) as dietary Cu increased. 4. Bioavailability of Cu as carbonate was 0.66 that of Cu in the acetate based on the multiple regression slope ratio of liver Cu concentration on added dietary Cu. Although responses for the two Cu sources did not differ significantly, the relative bioavailability of the Cu carbonate was similar (0.66 vs 0.68) to that obtained in an earlier study (Ledoux et al., 1991) with greater dietary Cu contents (150, 300 and 450 mg/kg) in which the slopes of the equations representing the two sources differed (P<0.05).
Evaluating the Use of Drones Equipped with Thermal Sensors as an Effective Method for Estimating Wildlife

Drones equipped with thermal sensors have shown ability to overcome some of the limitations often associated with traditional human‐occupied aerial surveys (e.g., low detection, high operational cost, human safety risk). However, their accuracy and reliability as a valid population technique have not been adequately tested. We tested the effectiveness of using a miniaturized thermal sensor equipped to a drone (thermal drone) for surveying white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations using a captive deer population with a highly constrained (hereafter, known) abundance (151–163 deer, midpoint 157 [87–94 deer/km, midpoint 90 deer/km]) at Auburn University’s deer research facility, Alabama, USA, 16–17 March 2017. We flew 3 flights beginning 30 minutes prior to sunrise and sunset (1 morning and 2 evening) consisting of 15 nonoverlapping parallel transects (18.8 km) using a small fixed‐wing aircraft equipped with a nonradiometric thermal infrared imager. Deer were identified by 2 separate observers by their contrast against background thermal radiation and body shape. Our average thermal drone density estimate (69.8 deer/km, 95% CI= 52.2–87.6), was 78% of the mean known value of 90.2 deer/km, exceeding most sighting probabilities observed with thermal surveys conducted using human‐occupied aircraft. Thermal contrast between animals and background was improved during evening flights and our drone‐based density estimate (82.7 deer/km) was 92% of the mean known value. This indicates that time of flight, in conjunction with local vegetation types, determines thermal contrast and influences ability to distinguish deer. The method provides the ability to perform accurate and reliable population surveys in a safe and cost‐effective manner compared with traditional aerial surveys and is only expected to continue to improve as sensor technology and machine learning analytics continue to advance. Furthermore, the precise replicability of autonomous flights at future dates results in methodology with superior spatial precision that increases statistical power to detect population trends across surveys. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
The determinants of idiosyncratic volatility in Indonesia banking industries

This study aims to examine the determinants of idiosyncratic volatility. This study uses firm fundamentals, institutional ownership, interest rates as idiosyncratic volatility determinants. The firm fundamentals of this study are represented by firm size, profitability, operating performances, dividend policy, and price to earnings ratio. Institutional ownership represents the ownership of the company’s shares by financial companies. The interest rates are represented by 3-month bank deposit rates for one year. The research method uses a quantitative approach with secondary data. Hypothesis examining is conducted by panel data regression analysis. By using a purposive sampling method, the company selected is 24 banking sector companies with observation time from 2012 up to 2018. Thus, the total sample in this research amounted to 168 firm-year. The result of the study suggests that firm size, price-earnings ratio, dividend policy, profitability, and interest rates are negatively associated with idiosyncratic volatility. However, operating performance and institutional ownership are not associated with idiosyncratic volatility. JEL Classification: E43, G21, G32 How to Cite: Firmansyah, A. , Sihombing, P., & Kusumastuti, S. Y. (2020). The determinants of idiosyncratic volatility in Indonesia banking industries. Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan, 24 (2), 175-188. DOI : https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v24i2. 3851
Relationship between potassium fertilisation and nitrate assimilation in leaves and fruits of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants

The effect of application of different potassium rates on some parameters of nitrate metabolism and yield in cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) was studied. All plants were grown under controlled conditions in an experimental greenhouse. The treatments consisted of applications of K + at three rates in the form of K 2 SO 4 (K1: 0.075 mg ml -1 , K2: 0.15 mg ml -1 , and K3: 0.30 mg ml -1 ). The results showed a positive effect of higher K + fertilisation (0.30 mg ml-') on uptake, translocation and reduction of NO 3 - in leaves compared with the lowest K + rate. In addition, the higher K + rates strengthened the translocation of organic nitrogenous compounds (amino acids) towards the fruit, thereby perhaps also enhancing the maximal commercial yield. In conclusion, for improved cucumber cultivation under greenhouse conditions, 0.15 mg ml -1 of K + gave maximal yield, while the application of 0.30 mg ml -1 increased the metabolism and efficient utilisation of NO 3 -.
Annual movement and migration of adult pikeperch in a lowland river

The downstream migration of 46–66 cm radio-tagged adult pikeperch Stizostedion lucioperca, in the River Gudenaa, Denmark, from late September to late December, coincided with a reduction in the frequent occurrence of prey fish in the tagging area, and hence was interpreted as a feeding migration. The upstream migration from March to mid-April in spring took place prior to spawning which occurred from late April to June.
Semiochemical tracks of predaceous Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) modulate feeding attributes and assimilation of nutrients in Zygogramma bicolorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Abstract Parthenium hysterophorus Linnaeus (Asteraceae) is a toxic weed found abundantly in major agroecosystems of the world. The weed is inhabited by both phytophagous Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera), used as biocontrol agents, and the predaceous Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). The present investigation was designed to assess the feeding attributes and larval development of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in the presence of semiochemical tracks of coccinellid beetles. Results revealed that the presence of coccinellid semiochemical tracks on the weed reduced larval consumption rates, conversion efficiencies, and growth rates. The feeding deterrent effects of the semiochemical tracks were species specific. Larvae accumulated lower concentrations of glucose, proteins, and triacylglycerols and exhibited reduced body biomass in the presence of semiochemical tracks. The coccinellid semiochemical tracks also promoted Z. bicolorata larvae to accelerate their developmental rates and develop faster than the larvae reared in the absence of semiochemical tracks. While the fourth instars consumed food maximally and were heavier, their food use efficiencies were lower than the other instars. Our findings, therefore, suggest that the presence of semiochemical tracks of coccinellids on P. hysterophorus impedes its biological control by Z. bicolorata larvae.
Moderating role of patriotism on sales tax compliance among Jordanian SMEs

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of tax audit, tax rate and tax penalty on sales tax compliance and examine the moderating effect of patriotism on the associations between tax audit, tax rate and tax penalty with sales tax compliance among Jordanian manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach - In this study, 660 questionnaires were distributed by using systematic random sampling to manufacturing SMEs in Jordan, after which a total of 385 useable questionnaires were deemed suitable for analysis. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to validate the measurement model and structural model and the predictive relevance of the study’s model. Findings - The findings showed that tax audit and tax penalty were positively associated with the level of sales tax compliance, whereas tax rate was insignificantly associated with sales tax compliance. They also demonstrated the moderating significant effect of patriotism on the relationship between tax penalty, tax audit and tax rate with sales tax compliance. Research limitations/implications - Tax authorities and policymakers in developing majority societies in developing countries and in other Arab countries, especially in Jordan may use the results to focus their interest on the formulation of policies founded on the outcomes of the study to strengthen eligible SMEs to comply to further boost their sales collections. Originality/value - This study extends the deterrence theory in the context of sales tax compliance by proposing the moderating effect of patriotism in the deterrence theory on sales tax compliance among SMEs. Moreover, the suitability for the use of PLS-SEM as a statistical tool in investigating the extended deterrence theory with patriotism as a moderating variable as well as its implications for theory and practice was also discussed.
Response to abscisic acid application and hormone profiles in spring Brassica napus seed in relation to secondary dormancy

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) has been implicated in the inception and maintenance of seed dormancy, while gibberellins promote dormancy breakage and germination in some species. We investigated whether osmotic stress induced secondary dormancy in Brassica napus L. is associated with changes in ABA sensitivity and metabolism, as well as changes in gibberellin levels. Seeds of two genotypes, one with low dormancy potential (LDP) and one with high dormancy potential (HDP) for secondary dormancy, were exposed to a dormancy-inducing osmotic treatment for up to 4 weeks and then germinated in the presence of increasing ABA concentrations. Even at relatively high concentrations of supplied ABA, germination of LDP seed was not inhibited, while relatively low ABA concentrations inhibited the germination of HDP seed after osmotic treatment. Fluridone was highly effective in suppressing secondary dormancy development in HDP seed, but had no effect on germinability in LDP seed. Despite the lack of differences.
Comparative Plasma Endocrine, Metabolic and Mineral Profile of Cyclic, Acyclic, Endometritic and Pregnant Buffaloes

Circulating concentrations of hormones, metabolites, and minerals reflect the physio-pathological status of reproduction in animals. This study was carried out on infertile (anestrus, endometritic), normal healthy cyclic and pregnant buffaloes to evaluate the comparative plasma progesterone (P4) and estrogen (E2) hormones, plasma total protein, total cholesterol, calcium, and phosphorus profile. The study showed higher mean plasma E2 and lowered P4 levels in the follicular phase of estrous cycle in buffaloes. Significantly (p 0.05) higher mean plasma P4 level and lower E2 levels were recorded during the luteal phase and in endometritic and pregnant buffaloes. Total plasma protein concentration was non-significantly higher in normal cyclic than acyclic and endometritic buffaloes. It was also comparatively lower in buffalo with 9 months of pregnancy than 3 and 6 months of pregnancy. The mean plasma total cholesterol level was significantly (p 0.05) higher in pregnant than acyclic and endometritic buffaloes. Cyclic buffaloes had significantly (p 0.05) higher mean plasma calcium levels than acyclic buffaloes. Plasma phosphorus concentration, however, did not show any significant difference between different stages of the reproductive cycle.