Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3-D Quantum Numerical Simulation of Transient Response in Multiple-Gate Nanowire MOSFETs Submitted to Heavy Ion Irradiation

The bulk MOSFET scaling has recently encountered significant limitations, mainly related to the gate oxide (SiO2) leakage currents (Gusev et al., 2006; Taur et al., 1997), the large increase of parasitic short channel effects and the dramatic mobility reduction (Fischetti & Laux, 2001) due to highly doped Silicon substrates precisely used to reduce these short channel effects. Technological solutions have been proposed in order to continue to use the “bulk solution” until the 32 nm ITRS node (ITRS, 2009). Most of these solutions envisage the introduction of high-permittivity gate dielectric stacks (to reduce the gate leakage, (Gusev et al., 2006; Houssa, 2004), midgap metal gate (to suppress the Silicon gate polydepletioninduced parasitic capacitances) and strained Silicon channel (to increase carrier mobility (Rim et al., 1998). However, in parallel to these efforts, alternative solutions to replace the conventional bulk MOSFET architecture have been proposed and studied in the recent literature. These options are numerous and can be classified in general according to three main directions: (i) the use of new materials in the continuity of the “bulk solution”, allowing increasing MOSFET performances due to their dielectric properties (permittivity), electrostatic immunity (SOI materials), mechanical (strain), or transport (mobility) properties; (ii) the complete change of the device architecture (e.g. Multiple-Gate devices, Silicon nanowires MOSFET) allowing better electrostatic control, and, as a result, intrinsic channels with higher mobilities and currents; (iii) the exploitation of certain new physical phenomena that appear at the nanometer scale, such as quantum transport, substrate orientation or modifications of the material band structure in devices/wires with nanometer dimensions (Haensch et al., 2006; Hiramoto et al., 2006). Multiple-Gate nanowire MOS transistors (Fig. 1) are now widely recognized as one of the most promising solutions for meeting the roadmap requirements in the deca-nanometer scale (Park & Colinge, 2002). A wide variety of architectures, including planar Double-Gate (DG) (Frank et al., 1992; Harrison et al, 2004), Vertical Double-Gate, Triple-Gate (Tri-gate) (Guarini et al., 2001; Park & Colinge, 2002), FinFET (Choi et al., 2001; Kedzierski et al., 2002), Omega-Gate (Ω -Gate) (Park et al., 2001), Pi-Gate (π -Gate) (Yang et al., 2002), ∆-channel SOI MOSFET (Jiao & Salama, 2001), DELTA transistor (Hisamoto et al., 1989), Gate-All-Around (GAA) (Colinge et al., 1990; Park & Colinge, 2002), Rectangular or Cylindrical nanowires
Impairment but not abolishment of express saccades after unilateral- or bilateral cryogenic FEF inactivation

Express saccades (ESs) are a manifestation of a visual grasp reflex triggered when visual information arrives in the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (SCi), which in turn orchestrates the lower level brainstem saccade generator to evoke a saccade with a very short latency (∼100ms). A prominent theory regarding express saccades generation is that they are facilitated by preparatory signals, presumably from cortical areas, which prime the SCi prior to the arrival of visual information. Here, we test this theory by reversibly inactivating a key cortical input to the SCi, the frontal eye fields (FEF), while monkeys perform an oculomotor task that promotes ES generation. Across three tasks with a different combination of potential target locations and uni- or bilateral FEF inactivation, we found a spared ability for monkeys to generate ESs, despite decreases in ES frequency during FEF inactivation. This result is consistent with the FEF having a facilitatory but not critical role in ES generation, likely because other cortical areas compensate for the loss of preparatory input to the SCi. However, we did find decreases in the accuracy and peak velocity of ESs generated during FEF inactivation, which argues for an influence of the FEF on the saccadic burst generator even during ESs. Overall, our results shed further light on the role of the FEF in the shortest-latency visually-guided eye movements. New & Noteworthy Express saccades (ESs) are the shortest-latency visually-guided saccade. The frontal eye fields (FEF) is thought to promote ES by establishing the necessary preconditions in the superior colliculus. Here, by reversibly inactivate the FEF either unilaterally or bilaterally, we support this view by showing that the FEF plays an assistive but not critical role in ES generation. We also found that FEF inactivation lowered ES peak velocity, emphasizing a contribution of the FEF to ES kinematics.
Awareness and incidence of plagiarism among undergraduates in a Nigerian private university

This study examined students’ awareness of plagiarism in Babcock University, one of the earliest established private universities in Nigeria. The study also assessed the incidences of plagiarism among students and the perceived factors responsible for the plagiarism. Out of the 200 copies of a structured questionnaire randomly distributed to students, 169 copies (84.5%) were returned and used for the analysis. The results indicated that most of the students lacked adequate understanding of the behaviours that constitute plagiarism and are thus more likely to commit unintentional plagiarism. Copying from the web without attribution is very common as more than 60% of the students admitted doing that. The ease of accessing information from the Internet, the desire to earn good grades, a poor knowledge of appropriate citing principles and the pressure to meet assignment deadlines were mentioned by the students as the most prominent reasons for plagiarism. A significant positive relationship was found between levels awareness and incidence of plagiarism, indicating that awareness of behaviour that constitutes plagiarism may not deter students from engaging in it. The study recommended that academic institutions should discourage unintentional plagiarism by teaching students the techniques of appropriate summarisation, paraphrasing, citing and referencing, by embarking on value reorientation to encourage honesty, diligence, fairness and academic integrity among student, and by adopting strict policies and sanctions against intentional plagiarism.
College Wage Premium and Computer Use in China

This paper explores the impacts of skill-biased technical change measured by computer use on college wage differentials in China over six years from 2010 onward. We find a substantial wage premium for college educated workers, and the expansion of computer use could significantly increase the college wage premium, especially when controlling industry heterogeneities and geographic factors. This pattern, using dynamic analysis in the long run, is mainly driven by complementary effects between capital structure and skilled workers, namely college educated workers. Moreover, the results are consistent when adopting propensity score matching methods, or in the case of over-education, or adopting alternative measures of technical change and wage earnings.
Some factors influencing radiation of sound from flow interaction with edges of finite surfaces

Edges of surfaces which are exposed to unsteady flow cause both strictly acoustic effects and hydrodynamic effects, in the form of generation of new hydrodynamic sources in the immediate vicinity of the edge. An analytical model is presented which develops the explicit sound-generation role of the velocity and Mach number of the eddy convection past the edge, and the importance of relative scale lengths of the turbulence, as well as the relative intensity of pressure fluctuations. The Mach number (velocity) effects show that the important paramater is the convection Mach number of the eddies. The effects of turbulence scale lengths, isotropy, and spatial density (separation) are shown to be important in determining the level and spectrum of edge sound radiated for the edge dipole mechanism. Experimental data is presented which provides support for the dipole edge noise model in terms of Mach number (velocity) scaling, parametric dependence on flow field parameter, directivity, and edge diffraction effects.
The bone response in endurance long distance horse

The aim of this study was to understand the bone response against the exercise adaptations to reduce the occurrence of orthopedic injuries in endurance horses. To this end, the objective of the present work was to investigate how the bone adaptation on adult equines that were trained for 4–5 yr to endurance races responds to the long-term exercise of moderate intensity by comparing to non-athlete horses. For this purpose, 14 Arabian horses were selected and divided equally into two groups; a control group formed by animals that had never practiced physical activity nor been tamed and an exercise group formed by athlete animals. Radiographs were obtained using a digital radiography system and penetrometer. The radiographs were stored and later processed to determine cortical bone thickness using the ProgRes® Capture Pro 2.5 (Jenoptik, Germany), cortical bone density using Adobe Photoshop CS6 (version 6.0, Adobe Systems Inc., San Jose, CA), and trabecular bone density using the Image-Pro Plus 4.1 (Media Cybernetics Inc. Silver Springs, MD). The EG presented an increase in cortical bone density and thickness compared to the control. This adaptation of the cortical bone in the exercised horses is an important factor in increasing bone resistance to exercise. These structural changes are related to a morphofunctional response by the bone tissue as a whole.
Continuous temperature monitoring along the chilled food supply chain

Abstract: This chapter addresses the need for continuous temperature monitoring along the entire food supply chain to ensure food quality and safety. In the first part, the needs and expectations as well as barriers of supply chain actors regarding novel technologies are discussed. In the second part, novel technologies for the continuous control of temperature conditions in chilled food chains are presented. These include temperature monitoring systems based on radio frequency identification (RFID) and smart labels, such as time temperature indicators (TTIs). Finally, solutions are presented which show how temperature monitoring systems can be linked with product characteristics to improve food quality and safety.
Recombinant Analogs of Sea Anemone Kunitz-Type Peptides Influence P2X7 Receptor Activity in Neuro-2a Cells

Purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7) have now been proven to play an important role and represent an important therapeutic target in many pathological conditions including neurodegeneration. Here, we investigated the impact of peptides on purinergic signaling in Neuro-2a cells through the P2X7 subtype in in vitro models. We have found that a number of recombinant peptides, analogs of sea anemone Kunitz-type peptides, are able to influence the action of high concentrations of ATP and thereby reduce the toxic effects of ATP. The influx of calcium, as well as the fluorescent dye YO-PRO-1, was significantly suppressed by the studied peptides. Immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that the peptides reduce the P2X7 expression level in neuronal Neuro-2a cells. Two selected active peptides, HCRG1 and HCGS1.10, were found to specifically interact with the extracellular domain of P2X7 and formed stable complexes with the receptor in surface plasmon resonance experiments. The molecular docking approach allowed us to establish the putative binding sites of the most active HCRG1 peptide on the extracellular domain of the P2X7 homotrimer and propose a mechanism for regulating its function. Thus, our work demonstrates the ability of the Kunitz-type peptides to prevent neuronal death by affecting signaling through the P2X7 receptor.
The Music Industry : Music in the Cloud, 1st edition

"The music industry is going through a period of immense change brought about in part by the digital revolution. What is the role of music in the age of computers and the internet? How has the music industry been transformed by the economic and technological upheavals of recent years, and how is it likely to change in the future? This is the first major study of the music industry in the new millennium. Wikstrom provides an international overview of the music industry and its future prospects in the world of global entertainment. He illuminates the workings of the music industry, and captures the dynamics at work in the production of musical culture between the transnational media conglomerates, the independent music companies and the public. " -- back cover Table of Contents Introduction: Music in the Cloud Chapter 1: A Copyright Industry. Chapter 2: Inside the Music Industry Chapter 3: Music and the Media Chapter 4: Making Music - An Industrial or Creative Process Chapter 5: The Social and Creative Music Fan Chapter 6: Future Sounds
The Impact of Open Access on Scholarly Communication and its Future

With the dawn of 21st century, the Open Access (OA) has given a new challenge to scholarly communication and publishing world. Increase in journals’ prices and constant budget for the last two decades have posed a challenge for libraries to maintain their journal subscriptions up to a sufficient level to support their research and development activities. In the meantime, publication of scholarly articles in public domain through Web has provided new ways to scholarly world. Various means of OA have been discussed with supporting business models. Authors have gone through various studies which were made in the recent past to show impact of OA towards its use and citation in scholarship and research. The studies have shown that OA helps to increase the citation impact of journals and is helping to make scientific research more visible and accessible, thus affecting tremendously the scientific communication. Authors hope that OA will have a bright future.
Design and analysis of the SmartWalker : a mobility aid for the elderly

In the near future, the baby boomer population will cause a growth in the number of people entering nursing homes. Currently, if people wish to stay out of a nursing home, they must hire a personal aid to take care of daily tasks. A more cost-effective method could be to employ a robotic aid to help with these chores. One such aid is the SmartWalker, a robotic device that would provide health-monitoring sensors, physical support, and help in mobility to the elderly. The focus of this thesis is the design and analysis of the SmartWalker hardware. The design tools necessary to prevent the SmartWalker from slipping, tipping over, and experiencing brake failure are presented. Furthermore, a study of the omnidirectional platform used on the SmartWalker is performed for uneven terrain. It is shown that all of the wheels of the platform touch the ground at the same time. A simulation of a split caster mobility module, the main component of the omnidirectional platform, traversing a bump is also done. This proves that the control algorithms designed for a perfectly flat floor will suffice on an uneven floor. In addition, this thesis discusses the mechanical design that is necessary to build the SmartWalker. The mechanical design focuses on the split caster mobility modules, the slip rings, the frame, and the tradeoffs between strength and weight. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Steven Dubowsky Title: Professor of Mechanical Engineering ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my parents for their support. In addition I would like to thank Professor Steven Dubowsky for his guidance and the Home Health Care Consortium for their financial support of the project. Thanks also to the members of FSRL during the past twenty months, especially Adam Skwersky and Haoyong Yu for their help with debugging the walker.
Spontaneous Conception Following Laparoscopic Surgery in Women with Infertility at the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital: A Cross-Sectional and Analytical Study

Background: The infertility is a common health issue affecting many couples with a broad consequence on their lives. This study investigated the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery for treating infertility in Cameroon.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, analytic study in order to determine the rate of conception and associated factors following laparoscopic surgery in women who presented with infertility, and treated at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital from January 1st 2007 to December 31st 2017.Results: The average age of the included patients was 32.2 ± 4.9 years old. Married women and those with tertiary level studies were the most represented. The average duration of infertility stood at 4.6 ± 2.8 years. The most common surgical procedures were adhesiolysis (86.1%) and neo-salpingotomy (55.4%). The conception rate after the endoscopic surgery was 39.3% (119/303). Conclusions: The study revealed the efficiency of laparoscopic surgery in the management of infertility.
Molecular dynamics studies of the Phi29 connector-DNA complex.

During replication of the Phi29 bacteriophage, a DNA packaging motor packages the viral DNA into the procapsid against a maximum pressure difference of ~60 atm, which is generated by the already packed DNA. Several models have been proposed to explain the DNA packaging mechanism and some of these models were ruled out by the experimental studies. Here, three remaining DNA packaging models, untwist-twist, one-way revolution, and push-roll models were studied to elucidate the role of the connector in the packaging process using all-atom explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations. My simulations study with previous experimental data suggest that the connector does not actively push the viral DNA during the packaging process and therefore untwist-model is highly unlikely. Further, the available energy from ATP hydrolysis is too little to carry out the large-scale spring-like motions in the connector as proposed by this model. This study further suggest that the connector’s essential role is to minimize the DNA leakage as proposed in the one-way revolution model. The connector acts as a one-way valve by a check-valve mechanism, which is newly proposed in this study. During the packaging process, the viral DNA is packaged at a rate of ~2.5 base-pairs per step. As opposed to the one-way revolution model, this particular packaging step size appears to be independent of the connector’s structure on the basis of the current study. Recently, the motions of the DNA during the packaging process are controversially discussed in the one-way revolution and the push-roll models. My study suggests that the DNA revolution and rolling are implausible inside the connector because the gap between the DNA helix and the channel is not enough to carry out these motions. Furthermore, the current study neither supports nor opposes the proposed DNA rotation because the ATPase was not present in the MD simulations. Functional roles of the two motor components, the pRNA and the ATPase remain to be studied at atomic detail by assuming the crystal structure will be available. Understanding the coordination of the connector with the pRNA and the ATPase to transport the DNA is necessary to understand the mechanism of the DNA packaging process.
Human Bites in Adults: A Descriptive Analysis

In the West African sub-region, human bites are more common than animal bites because they keep a fewer number of pets than the Caucasians. There is a rising incidence and experts must be on the-know. Objective: The study is to describe the characteristics of human bites and their treatment in an adult population including infection, medical specialties, rates of admission and need for surgery. Patients and Method: A prospective study of 17 patients presented with human bites to the Emergency Department of University Caliber Teaching Hospital between January, 2014 and December, 2017 were included in the study. Details related to demographics, complications, consultations, and treatment were extracted from the patients’ records and oral interview. All cases of human bites without skin breach and those of animals were excluded. Results: A descriptive analysis of 17 patients who had human bites, out of which 12 of them who had open wounds were recruited into the study. Five of them were excluded, representing 29.4% who had no open injury and were treated conservatively. The male female ratio was 1.1:1 and age ranged from 19 to 48years, with a mean value of 31years ± 3years. The ear was the most frequently involved site followed by the nose and lip while the least site was the hands. Most wounds were avulsion injuries and required delayed primary closure after debridement and wound dressings. Minority of the patients (n-4, 33.3%) presented within 24hrs post injury while most of the patients (n=8,66.7%) were admitted. They were given tetanus prophylaxis and antibiotics because they were considered to be contaminated wounds with positive wound swab culture and sensitivity results. A good number had surgery, n=6(50.0%). Five (41.7%) patients developed wound infection, 2(16.7%) had stiffness of interphalangeal joints and 3(25.0%) patients had scarring of the ear and the cheek. The plastic surgeons and nursing staff were highly involved in the management. Conclusion: Most human bites with avulsion injuries of the face were relatively common more than hand bites in our setting probably due to the fewer number of pets the Africans keep. Infection rate was high because of pre-hospital interventions and late presentation. Reconstructive surgery was common because of the avulsion injuries of the face with loss of tissues. Therefore the emergency physicians should be on the- know for early diagnosis and treatment.
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION LAYOUTS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF LEGUMES - A REVIEW

Water management has become the most indispensable factor for augmenting the crop productivity especially in legume crops because of their high susceptibility to both water stress and water logging at various growth stages. This warrants the need for adoption of suitable irrigation method which creates a favourable soil moisture environment for maximizing yield by conserving moisture, reducing weed growth and improving crop growth and yield promotional factors. In the present day of water scarcity, optimum method of irrigation plays a vital role in economizing irrigation water and enhancing crop yield. Many research findings also confirm considerable saving in irrigation water through adoption of proper irrigation layout. The response of legume crops to different irrigation layouts including micro irrigation is reviewed.