Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FABRIC TENSOR FOR DISCONTINUOUS GEOLOGICAL MATERIALS

ABSTRACT Geometrical property (fabric) of discontinuity in geological materials is discussed in terms of (1) position and density, (2) shape and dimension and (3) orientation of related discontinuities such as joint, fault and discrete particle. By taking into account these geometrical elements, a unique measure called fabric tensor Fij is definitely introduced to embody the fabric concept without loss of generality. The first invariant of Fij is important as an index measure to evaluate the crack intensity which is related to the number and dimension of cracks. Porosity of granite is shown to be an index measure equivalent to the first invariant of Fij According to uniaxial compressive tests on gypsum plaster samples with two-dimensionally oriented cracks and granite samples, the logarithm of the first invariant of Fij is linearly related to their uniaxial compressive strength. A measure Γ which is related to the second invariant of the deviatoric part of Fij shows a distance from an isotropic fabric. So, it is expected to be an index to measure the degree of anisotropy due to preferred alignment of discontinuity. The principal axes of Fij are identical to the principal axes of fabric anisotropy. There is no doubt that Γ and the principal axes are important in the analysis of anisotropic discontinuous geological materials.
BUSINESS OWNERSHIP AND RELIGIOUS IDENTITY IN A MUSLIM-MAJORITY COUNTRY: THE CASE OF DISPLAYING ISLAMIC IMAGES IN MALAYSIAN RESTAURANTS

In a predominantly Muslim nation such as Malaysia, where halal cuisine is widely available, displaying Islamic images in restaurants may seem trivial. Nonetheless, this study reveals that there are meaningful interactions between ownership, religion, and the display of Islamic images in Malaysian restaurants. Using a structured observation method on a sample of 56 Malaysian restaurants that Muslims frequented, the authors examined the placing of Islamic images as wall decorations. This study found that privately held Muslim restaurants are more likely to display Islamic images, particularly those owned by Indian-Muslims. Restaurants owned by non-Muslims or international organisations, on the other hand, retain their neutrality by not exhibiting any religious symbols, despite the fact that some of them have halal certificates. The findings indicate that the behaviour of establishments owned by Muslims is consistent with their religious beliefs and the social identity of a majority-Muslim country. As for businesses owned by non-Muslims or multinational corporations, their religious neutrality is consistent with social identity theory, which aims to prevent confusion or hostility among Muslims towards these businesses. This study implicates that successful businesses employ practises that are easily relatable to consumers, such as displaying images that match with their beliefs. Therefore, businesses must make strategic adjustments to the social identity of the majority in order to prevent confrontations that would severely harm their brands.
Subglacial erosion, deposition and deformation associated with deformable beds

There is an inter-relationship among subglacial deformation, deposition and erosion associated with a glacier moving over a deformable bed. It is suggested that both subglacial deposition and erosion are produced by a number of processes at the 1) icesheet/subglacial deforming layer interface; 2) within the subglacial deforming layer; and 3) at the base of the deforming layer. These processes may result in two styles of net subglacial deforming bed deposition: 1) constructional deformation where the deforming layer moves upwards through the sequence; or 2) excavational deformation where the deforming layer moves down through the sequence. It is suggested that the best evidence for net subglacial deforming bed erosional conditions are drumlins. Changes in subglacial hydrology are also discussed, and the relationship of eskers and tunnel valleys to deforming bed conditions. Sedimentary techniques to identify homogeneous deforming bed tills in the field are also suggested. Criteria include a wide range of fabric strengths depending on the thickness of the deforming layer, rotated clasts, miniflutes, flow around clasts, predictable basal till units (constructional or excavational) and possibly boulder pavements. Finally the extent and style of deforming bed conditions that existed during the glaciations of Britain and Ireland are discussed.
Two‐region flow and rate‐limited sorption of uranium (VI) during transport in an unsaturated silt loam

Uranium (VI) sorption during unsaturated transport was evaluated using a centrifuge method; conventional saturated columns and batch incubation procedures were used to isolate flow effects on sorption processes. Uranium (VI) sorption was dependent on flow velocity, and modeling indicated that 60% of sorption was rate‐limited. Breakthrough curves were described and independently predicted with a two‐site model; the mass transfer coefficient for sorption was assumed to be linearly related to velocity. While two‐region flow contributed to disparity in apparent Kd values (linear distribution coefficient) at different water contents, the effect was explained by increased velocity in the mobile flow domain and not a decrease in availability of sorption sites. Hydrodynamic parameters for two‐region transport, determined for a nonsorptive tracer at faster velocity (16 cm h−1), were fixed and described U(VI) transport at slower velocity (2 cm h−1). The rate‐limited parameter for mass transfer between mobile and immobile water domains was linearly related to the average pore water velocity. Effective retardation factors varied with moisture saturation and the apparent Kd value and ranged from 7 for faster velocity experiments in a saturated column to 44 at slow velocity and 40% moisture saturation.
Disease Prevention without Relapse: Processes of Change for Disease Prevention without Relapse: Processes of Change for HPV Vaccination HPV Vaccination

Background: Human papillomavirus is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the United States and is associated with 70% of cervical cancers as well as over 90% of genital warts. Although the HPV vaccine appears in the US immunization schedule during adolescence, a large percentage of women reach adulthood without being vaccinated. The Transtheoretical Model’s (TTM) Processes of Change (POC) construct provides an assessment of participants’ experiences with HPV vaccination and is a central component of computer-tailored interventions designed to increase compliance with medical recommendations, such as vaccination. This study describes development and validation of a POC measure for increasing HPV vaccination among young adult women. Methods: Cross-sectional measurement development was conducted using an online survey to reach a sample of 340 female college students representing vaccinated and unvaccinated women. Factor analytic structural equation modeling as well as evaluations of the stage by POC were used to evaluate the validity of the POC measure. Results: Confirmatory analyses supported the theoretically expected ten-factor, fully correlated model as the best fit for the data. Expected Stage of Change to POC relationships were also confirmed insofar as each POC was significantly associated with Stage of Change, with the exception of dramatic relief. Follow-up analyses suggested that individuals in the Precontempla-tion stage used all POC less frequently than individuals in all other stages. Conclusions: The POC measure was found to be internally and externally valid in a sample of college-attending women. The POC measure developed may be used to tailor stage-matched interventions that increase use of experiential and behavioral strategies important for increasing HPV vaccination in this high-risk population.
Immunological variables and tumor types influence one-year survival probability in cancer patients: A comprehensive analysis using logistic regression and decision tree models

The present study aimed to explore immunological variables associated with survival, TP53 gene expression, and primary diagnosis in patients with cancer. Based on these variables, logistic regression and decision tree models (lightGBM) were used to model the probability of one-year survival of patients following their initial diagnosis. Logistic regression revealed the significance of primary diagnosis categories such as Malignant Melanoma, Ovarian Cancer, and Glioblastoma as predictor variables. For the classification model, in addition to these tumor types, variables related to the immune system were also found to be important, including tumor cell percentage, stromal cell percentage, lymphocytes, and necrotic cells. In addition, unsupervised classification techniques were employed to explore the numerical dataset. For this methodology, the best clustering cohesion was observed with two groups determined using different algorithms. The clusters generated by k-means and DBSCAN exhibited differences in the proportion of infiltrating lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes.
The Health Costs of Inaction with Respect to Air Pollution

How much does the environment affect human health? Is air pollution shortening our lives and those of our children? These questions are fundamental to environmental policies. Air pollution is a major environmental health threat in OECD countries, contributing to a number of illnesses, such as asthma, cancer and premature deaths. Despite national and international interventions and decreases in major emissions, the health impacts of air pollution are not likely to decrease in the years ahead, unless appropriate action is taken. This report presents estimates of the costs and benefits of environmental policies aiming at reducing air pollution and provides policy recommendations in order to better address environmental health issues. Dans quelle mesure l'environnement influe-t-il sur la sante humaine ? La pollution de l'air va-t-elle restreindre notre esperance de vie et celle de nos enfants ? Ces questions sont fondamentales pour les politiques environnementales. Dans les pays de l'OCDE, la pollution atmospherique constitue une menace pour la sante, puisqu'elle joue un role dans nombre d'affections, telles que l'asthme, certains cancers et de deces prematures. En depit des actions engagees a l'echelle nationale et internationale et de la baisse des principales emissions, il est peu probable que les effets de la pollution de l'air sur la sante diminuent dans les annees a venir a moins que ne soient prises les mesures qui s'imposent. Ce rapport presente des estimations des couts et benefices de politiques environnementales visant a reduire la pollution atmospherique et propose des recommandations politiques afin de mieux traiter les questions de sante environnementale.
A study on the mechanism of agonists in regulating transcriptional level of pIgR in salivary gland epithelial cells

The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism of agonists in regulating transcriptional level of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in salivary gland epithelial cells, thus revealing the defense effect of salivary immune on bacteria in the oral cavity. Sixty patients with oral bacterial infection and 70 patients suffering from oral diseases without bacterial infection were selected randomly from patients in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from April 2015 to April 2017. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from salivary gland epithelial cells of all patients. Fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) and western blotting methods were adopted to detect and compare the transcriptional level of pIgR. The salivary gland epithelial cells of the 60 patients with oral bacterial infection were isolated and extracted, and they were divided into two groups (observation group and control group) randomly. Agonists were added to the observation group for acting for 24 h. FQ-PCR and immunofluorescence (IF) were adopted to detect and compare the transcriptional level of pIgR after acting with agonists. The toxicity of agonists on the cells was detected with Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The isolated salivary gland epithelial cells conformed to the morphology of epithelial cells, and adhered to the wall for growing. The transcriptional level of pIgR in the bacterial infection group was lower than that in the non-bacterial infection group (p<0.05). The transcriptional level of pIgR in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (p<0.05) after acting with agonists. Agonists can promote the rise of transcriptional level of pIgR in salivary gland epithelial cells, and the increase in pIgR is closely related to the cure of oral bacterial infection. Therefore, agonists can improve the oral immune function by regulating the transcription of pIgR.
MiR-221 promotes stemness of breast cancer cells by targeting DNMT3b

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small part of the heterogeneous tumor cell population possessing self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential as well as a great ability to sustain tumorigenesis. The molecular pathways underlying CSC phenotype are not yet well characterized. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that play a powerful role in biological processes. Early studies have linked miRs to the control of self-renewal and differentiation in normal and cancer stem cells. We aimed to study the functional role of miRs in human breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), also named mammospheres. We found that miR-221 was upregulated in BCSCs compared to their differentiated counterpart. Similarly, mammospheres from T47D cells had an increased level of miR-221 compared to differentiated cells. Transfection of miR-221 in T47D cells increased the number of mammospheres and the expression of stem cell markers. Among miR-221's targets, we identified DNMT3b. Furthermore, in BCSCs we found that DNMT3b repressed the expression of various stemness genes, such as Nanog and Oct 3/4, acting on the methylation of their promoters, partially reverting the effect of miR-221 on stemness. We hypothesize that miR-221 contributes to breast cancer tumorigenicity by regulating stemness, at least in part through the control of DNMT3b expression.
Identification of a novel synthetic lethality of combined inhibition of hedgehog and PI3K signaling in rhabdomyosarcoma

We previously reported that aberrant HH pathway activation confers a poor prognosis in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Searching for new treatment strategies we therefore targeted HH signaling. Here, we identify a novel synthetic lethality of concomitant inhibition of HH and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways in RMS by GLI1/2 inhibitor GANT61 and PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PI103. Synergistic drug interaction is confirmed by calculation of combination index (CI < 0.2). Similarly, genetic silencing of GLI1/2 significantly increases PI103-induced apoptosis. GANT61 and PI103 also synergize to induce apoptosis in cultured primary RMS cells emphasizing the clinical relevance of this combination. Importantly, GANT61/PI103 cotreatment suppresses clonogenic survival, three-dimensional sphere formation and tumor growth in an in vivo model of RMS. Mechanistic studies reveal that GANT61 and PI103 cooperate to trigger caspase-dependent apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, as demonstrated by several lines of evidence. First, GANT61/PI103 cotreatment increases mRNA and protein expression of NOXA and BMF, which is required for apoptosis, since knockdown of NOXA or BMF significantly reduces GANT61/PI103-induced apoptosis. Second, GANT61/PI103 cotreatment triggers BAK/BAX activation, which contributes to GANT61/PI103-mediated apoptosis, since knockdown of BAK provides protection. Third, ectopic expression of BCL-2 or non-degradable phospho-mutant MCL-1 significantly rescue GANT61/PI103-triggered apoptosis. Fourth, GANT61/PI103 cotreatment initiate activation of the caspase cascade via apoptosome-mediated cleavage of the initiator caspase-9, as indicated by changes in the cleavage pattern of caspases (e.g. accumulation of the caspase-9 p35 cleavage fragment) upon addition of the caspase inhibitor zVAD.fmk. Thus, combined GLI1/2 and PI3K/mTOR inhibition represents a promising novel approach for synergistic apoptosis induction and tumor growth reduction with implications for new treatment strategies in RMS.
Towards the development of a reflective radiographer: challenges and constraints

Currently there is overwhelming support from the health professions for universities to devise curricular approaches that lead to the development of undergraduate reflective skills, and over time, reflective practice. However, in the case of radiography, irrespective of the degree to which radiographers might engage in reflective practice they constantly struggle to shed the perception they are little more than technical operatives. The four-year Bachelor of Radiography and Medical Imaging was introduced by Monash University in 1998 with an overt commitment to the development of a reflective radiographer. Findings from student and supervisor surveys generally support the program and its aims. However, as the findings and student feedback will attest, many challenges and constraints continue to face educators who seek to situate their curriculum within the reflective practice paradigm.
Family structure and risk behaviors: the role of the family meal in assessing likelihood of adolescent risk behaviors

Background Previous literature has asserted that family meals are a key protective factor for certain adolescent risk behaviors. It is suggested that the frequency of eating with the family is associated with better psychological well-being and a lower risk of substance use and delinquency. However, it is unclear whether there is evidence of causal links between family meals and adolescent health-risk behaviors. Purpose The purpose of this article is to review the empirical literature on family meals and adolescent health behaviors and outcomes in the US. Data sources A search was conducted in four academic databases: Social Sciences Full Text, Sociological Abstracts, PsycINFO®, and PubMed/MEDLINE. Study selection We included studies that quantitatively estimated the relationship between family meals and health-risk behaviors. Data extraction Data were extracted on study sample, study design, family meal measurement, outcomes, empirical methods, findings, and major issues. Data synthesis Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria for the review that measured the relationship between frequent family meals and various risk-behavior outcomes. The outcomes considered by most studies were alcohol use (n=10), tobacco use (n=9), and marijuana use (n=6). Other outcomes included sexual activity (n=2); depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts (n=4); violence and delinquency (n=4); school-related issues (n=2); and well-being (n=5). The associations between family meals and the outcomes of interest were most likely to be statistically significant in unadjusted models or models controlling for basic family characteristics. Associations were less likely to be statistically significant when other measures of family connectedness were included. Relatively few analyses used sophisticated empirical techniques available to control for confounders in secondary data. Conclusion More research is required to establish whether or not the relationship between family dinners and risky adolescent behaviors is an artifact of underlying confounders. We recommend that researchers make more frequent use of sophisticated methods to reduce the problem of confounders in secondary data, and that the scope of adolescent problem behaviors also be further widened.
Environmental change modelling for Central and High Asia: Pleistocene, present and future scenarios

Böhner, J. & Lehmkuhl, F. 2005 (May): Environmental change modelling for Central and High Asia: Pleistocene, present and future scenarios. Boreas, Vol. 34, pp. 220–231. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.
Waltham International Symposium: Pet Nutrition Coming of Age Plasma Concentrations of Leptin Mirror Changes in Body Weight but Do Not Influence the Pattern of the Preovulatory Luteinizing Hormone Surge in Mink (Mustela vison) 1,2

The discovery of leptin, the protein product of the obesity gene (1), has generated a vast amount of research into leptin’s different roles in metabolism (2). One area of special interest is reproduction: from empirical research it is well known that nutritional status is important for the reproductive processes, although as yet there is no complete understanding of how nutrition regulates reproduction. Leptin has been suggested to play an important role in the nutrition–reproduction interaction, possibly by acting as a metabolic gate (3–5). Nutrient supply is reﬂected in luteinizing hormone (LH 4 ) secretion: when insufﬁcient, LH pulse frequency is suppressed but rapidly restored in response to refeeding (6). The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the plane of nutrient supply before breeding inﬂuenced plasma concentrations of leptin and other metabolic hormones and LH during the preovulatory surge in the mink. The mink is a reﬂex ovulator and the preovulatory LH surge is hence induced by mating.
ConDefects: A New Dataset to Address the Data Leakage Concern for LLM-based Fault Localization and Program Repair

With the growing interest on Large Language Models (LLMs) for fault localization and program repair, ensuring the integrity and generalizability of the LLM-based methods becomes paramount. The code in existing widely-adopted benchmarks for these tasks was written before the the bloom of LLMs and may be included in the training data of existing popular LLMs, thereby suffering from the threat of data leakage, leading to misleadingly optimistic performance metrics. To address this issue, we introduce"ConDefects", a novel dataset of real faults meticulously curated to eliminate such overlap. ConDefects contains 1,254 Java faulty programs and 1,625 Python faulty programs. All these programs are sourced from the online competition platform AtCoder and were produced between October 2021 and September 2023. We pair each fault with fault locations and the corresponding repaired code versions, making it tailored for in fault localization and program repair related research. We also provide interfaces for selecting subsets based on different time windows and coding task difficulties. While inspired by LLM-based tasks, ConDefects can be adopted for benchmarking ALL types of fault localization and program repair methods. The dataset is publicly available, and a demo video can be found at https://www.youtube. com/watch? v=22j15Hj5ONk.
Mixture-of-Linguistic-Experts Adapters for Improving and Interpreting Pre-trained Language Models

In this work, we propose a method that combines two popular research areas by injecting linguistic structures into pre-trained language models in the parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) setting. In our approach, parallel adapter modules encoding different linguistic structures are combined using a novel Mixture-of-Linguistic-Experts architecture, where Gumbel-Softmax gates are used to determine the importance of these modules at each layer of the model. To reduce the number of parameters, we first train the model for a fixed small number of steps before pruning the experts based on their importance scores. Our experiment results with three different pre-trained models show that our approach can outperform state-of-the-art PEFT methods with a comparable number of parameters. In addition, we provide additional analysis to examine the experts selected by each model at each layer to provide insights for future studies.