Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Petrographic and Fluid Inclusion Comparison of mid-Cretaceous gold bearing veins near the 5 Moz Coffee Deposit, west-central Yukon

The Dawson Range district in west-central Yukon is host to various important mineral deposits, including several fault and fracture-hosted gold systems, such as the significant 5 Moz Coffee gold deposit. Three gold-bearing hydrothermal vein systems of inferred mid-Cretaceous age (~92-96 ma), sharing the same Au-As-Sb relationship as Coffee are located nearby. A field, petrographic and microthermometric investigation concludes that the Boulevard and Sugar prospects share a common auriferous vein generation with similar ore and gangue minerals. Auriferous veins are strongly controlled by steeply dipping, brittle shear-structures with cataclasite zones as well as disseminated gold-hosting arsenian pyrite replacing mafic minerals and magnetite within the host rockfeatures also observed at Coffee. Boulevard, Sugar and Longline (a past-producer of gold in the Dawson Range) share similar low salinity (0-8 wt% NaCl), CO2 rich (~0.22 mol%), methane bearing fluids, suggesting a possible co-genetic relationship. All three systems share similar trapping conditions (~300 °C, 1 kbar), however, modeled isochores do not intersect arsenian pyrite stability fields. The Toni Tiger molybdenum occurrence, shares similar fluid characteristics and mineralization age to Boulevard auriferous veins in the absence of a causative pluton. An orogenic molybdenum model is proposed whereby pacification of magnetite buffers allowed for fluid redox fluctuations to precipitate locally sourced molybdenum during the same gold deposition event at Sugar and Boulevard. An epizonal orogenic gold deposit model is proposed for the Dawson Range gold systems, whereby trans-crustal shear zones tap deep-crust gold-bearing metamorphic fluids, advected by residual heat from the cooling Dawson Range batholith (emplaced ~100 Ma).
Affect and Social Processes in Online Communication--Experiments with an Affective Dialog System

This paper presents an integrated view on a series of experiments conducted with an affective dialog system, applied as a tool in studies of emotions and social processes in online communication. The different realizations of the system are evaluated in three experimental setups to verify effects of affective profiles, as well as of fine-grained communication scenarios on users' expressions of affective states, experienced emotional changes, and interaction patterns. Results demonstrate that the system applied in virtual reality settings matches a Wizard-of-Oz in terms of chatting enjoyment, dialog coherence, and realism. Variants of the system's affective profile significantly influence the rating of chatting enjoyment and an emotional connection. Self-reported emotional changes experienced by participants during an interaction with the system are in line with the type of applied profile. Analysis of interaction patterns, i.e., usage of particular dialog act classes, word categories, and textual expressions of affective states for different scenarios, demonstrates that a communication scenario for social sharing of emotions was successfully established. The experimental evidence provides valuable input for applications of affective dialog systems and strengthens them as valid tools for studying affect and social aspects in online communication.
ExactMP: An Efficient Parallel Exact Solver for Phylogenetic Tree Reconstruction Using Maximum Parsimony

Constructing phylogenetic trees in the study of the evolutionary history of a group organisms is an extremely challenging problem in computational biology. The problem becomes intractable with growing number of organisms. In this paper, we design and implement an efficient parallel solver (ExactMP) using a parsimony based approach for solving this problem. We create a testbed consisting of eighteen datasets of varying size (up to 27 taxa) and difficulty level (easy to hard), containing real (Eukaryotes, Metazoan, and rbcL) and randomly-generated synthetic genome sequences. We demonstrate our ExactMP solver against this testbed and achieve a parallel speedup of up to 7.26 with 8 processors using an 8-way symmetric multiprocessor. The main contributions of this work are: (1) an efficient parallel solver ExactMP for the problem of phylogenetic tree reconstruction using maximum parsimony; (2) a new upper bounding methodology for this problem using heuristic and randomization techniques; and (3) a highly optimized branch and bound algorithm for this problem
Overview of DDoS Attack Detection in Software-Defined Networks

Software Defined network (SDN), as a new network architecture, is the direction of future network development. By decoupling the control plane and data plane of the network, the control and management of network resources can be improved. However, SDN centralized controllers become the target of malicious attacks, prone to the risk of single point of failure, of which DDoS attacks are the main attack behavior. Through extensive literature investigation, this paper systematically reviews the latest progress of DDoS attack detection in SDN environment. Firstly, the SDN architecture and corresponding DDoS attacks are described, and the commonly used data sets and evaluation indicators are summarized. Secondly, the data preprocessing technology is summarized, and the data dimensionality reduction technology is introduced in detail. Then, at the level of detection technology, it focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of detection algorithms based on statistical analysis, machine learning and deep learning. Finally, the challenges of current research are analyzed, and the future development direction is forecasted. In order to provide reference for future research and development, at the same time, it is of great significance to improve the safety of SDN products in the future.
Large transfers for data analytics on shared wide-area networks

One part of large-scale data analytics is the problem of transferring the data across wide-area networks (WANs). Often, the data must be gathered (e.g., from remote sites), processed, possibly transferred (e.g., for further processing), and then possibly disseminated. If the data-transfer stages are bottlenecks, the overall data analytics pipeline will be affected. Although a variety of tools and protocols have been developed for large data transfers on WANs, most of the related work has been in the context of dedicated or non-shared networks. However, in practice, most networks are likely to be shared. We consider and evaluate the problem of large data transfers on shared networks and large round-trip-times (RTT) as are found on many WANs. Using a variety of synthetic background network traffic (e.g., uniform, TCP, UDP, square waveform, bursty), we compare the performance of well-known protocols (e.g., GridFTP, UDT). On our emulated WAN network, both GridFTP and UDT perform well in all-TCP situations, but UDT performs better when UDP-based background traffic is prominent.
Journal Pre-proof The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol and tobacco consumption: Evidence from Peru

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced dramatic adversities for public health around the world, especially in low and middle-income countries. While research has shown the pandemic to have direct effects on a variety of major economic and health crises, its impact on health-related behaviors is not clear. In this paper, I examine how exposure to the pandemic affects alcohol use and smoking in Peru, which experienced one of the highest COVID-related death rates albeit implementing one of the strictest lockdown policies in the world. I find that post pandemic consumption of alcohol and smoking in the last 30 days decreases by 41.3% and 44.1% respectively when compared to pre-pandemic rates. I also conclude that the intensity of engaging in these behaviors change such that the frequency of consuming alcohol in the last 30 days, binge drinking and the probability of smoking daily falls. While drinking behavior returns to pre-pandemic levels, the negative effect on smoking weakens but remains for almost two years preceding the pandemic.
RESTORE: A Real-Time Event Correlation and Storage Service for Sensor Networks

This paper describes the design of RESTORE, which is a framework for providing in-network event correlation and storage service for sensor environments. RESTORE uses a data-centric approach in which it partitions a sensor network into zones and maps every event to a zone. The sensor nodes in a zone make use of their cooperative storage resources and redundancy to improve information availability and energy efficiency. RESTORE is useful for temporarily buffering information in sensor environments that have intermittent connectivity to a base station. RESTORE may also be used as the underlying framework for an event notification service that publishes events directly from a sensor network to the subscribers. The contributions of this paper include a) an event taxonomy for correlating sensor events within the network, and b) mechanisms to organize information using the collaborative resources, in order to enable real-time event correlation within a sensor network. We also present preliminary simulation results that examine how the collaboration within a zone in RESTORE impacts the energy consumption, information availability, and message overhead.
Vertebrate Nup 53 Interacts with the Nuclear Lamina and Is Required for the Assembly of a Nup 93-containing Complex □

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is an evolutionarily conserved structure that mediates exchange of macromolecules across the nuclear envelope (NE). It is comprised of 30 proteins termed nucleoporins that are each present in multiple copies. We have investigated the function of the human nucleoporin Nup53, the ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nup53p. Both cell fractionation and in vitro binding data suggest that Nup53 is tightly associated with the NE membrane and the lamina where it interacts with lamin B. We have also shown that Nup53 is capable of physically interacting with a group of nucleoporins including Nup93, Nup155, and Nup205. Consistent with this observation, depletion of Nup53 using small interfering RNAs causes a decrease in the cellular levels of these nucleoporins as well as the spindle checkpoint protein Mad1, likely due to destabilization of Nup53-containing complexes. The cellular depletion of this group of nucleoporins, induced by depleting either Nup53 or Nup93, severely alters nuclear morphology producing phenotypes similar to that previously observed in cells depleted of lamin A and Mad1. On basis of these data, we propose a model in which Nup53 is positioned near the pore membrane and the lamina where it anchors an NPC subcomplex containing Nup93, Nup155, and Nup205.
Robust Monotonic Optimization Framework for Multicell MISO Systems

The performance of multiuser systems is both difficult to measure fairly and to optimize. Most resource allocation problems are nonconvex and NP-hard, even under simplifying assumptions such as perfect channel knowledge, homogeneous channel properties among users, and simple power constraints. We establish a general optimization framework that systematically solves these problems to global optimality. The proposed branch-reduce-and-bound (BRB) algorithm handles general multicell downlink systems with single-antenna users, multiantenna transmitters, arbitrary quadratic power constraints, and robust- ness to channel uncertainty. A robust fairness-profile optimization (RFO) problem is solved at each iteration, which is a quasiconvex problem and a novel generalization of max-min fairness. The BRB algorithm is computationally costly, but it shows better convergence than the previously proposed outer polyblock approximation algorithm. Our framework is suitable for computing benchmarks in general multicell systems with or without channel uncertainty. We illustrate this by deriving and evaluating a zero-forcing solution to the general problem.
Biogenesis of transverse tubules: immunocytochemical localization of a transverse tubular protein (TS28) and a sarcolemmal protein (SL50) in rabbit skeletal muscle developing in situ

To study the biogenesis of transverse tubules, the temporal appearance and distribution of TS28 (a specific marker of transverse tubules absent from the sarcolemma in adult skeletal muscle; 28,000 Mr) and SL50 (specifically associated with the sarcolemma and absent from the region of the transverse tubules in adult rabbit skeletal muscle) (Jorgensen, A.O., W. Arnold, A. C.-Y. Shen, S. Yuan, M. Gaver, and K.P. Campbell. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 110:1173-1185) were determined in rabbit skeletal muscle developing in situ (day 17 of gestation to day 15 newborn) by indirect immunofluorescence labeling. The results presented show that the temporal appearance and subcellular distribution of TS28 is distinct from that of SL50 at the developmental stages examined. TS28 was first detected in some, but not all, multinucleated myotubes on day 17 of gestation. At this stage of development, SL50 and the Ca2(+)-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum were already present in all myotubes. TS28 first appeared in discrete foci mostly confined to the cell periphery of the myotubes. At subsequent stages of development (days 19-24 of gestation), TS28 was also found in shoft finger-like structures extending obliquely and transversely from the cell periphery towards the center of the myotubes. 1-2 d after birth, TS28 was observed in an anastomosing network composed of transversely oriented chickenwire-like networks extending throughout the cytoplasm and interconnected by longitudinally oriented fiber-like structures. As development proceeded, the transversely oriented network became increasingly dominant. By day 10 of postnatal development, the longitudinally oriented component of the tubular network was not regularly observed. At none of the developmental stages examined was TS28 observed to be uniformly distributed at the cell periphery. SL50, like TS28, first appeared in discrete foci at the cell periphery. However, shortly after its first appearance it appeared to be distributed along the entire cell periphery. Although the intensity of SL50 labeling increased with development, it remained confined to the sarcolemma and was absent from the interior regions of the myofibers, where transverse tubules were present at all subsequent developmental stages examined. Immunoblotting of cell extracts from skeletal muscle tissue at various stages of development showed that SL50 was first detected on day 24 of gestation, while TS28 was not detected until days 1-2 after birth. Comparison of these results with previous ultrastructural studies of the formation of transverse tubules supports the idea that the temporal appearance and subcellular distribution of TS28 correspond very closely to that of the distribution of forming transverse tubules in rabbit skeletal muscle developing in situ. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Non-Associative Learning Representation in the Nervous System of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) illustrated remarkable behavioral plasticities including complex non-associative and associative learning representations. Understanding the principles of such mechanisms presumably leads to constructive inspirations for the design of efficient learning algorithms. In the present study, we postulate a novel approach on modeling single neurons and synapses to study the mechanisms underlying learning in the C. elegans nervous system. In this regard, we construct a precise mathematical model of sensory neurons where we include multi-scale details from genes, ion channels and ion pumps, together with a dynamic model of synapses comprised of neurotransmitters and receptors kinetics. We recapitulate mechanosensory habituation mechanism, a non-associative learning process, in which elements of the neural network tune their parameters as a result of repeated input stimuli. Accordingly, we quantitatively demonstrate the roots of such plasticity in the neuronal and synaptic-level representations. Our findings can potentially give rise to the development of new bio-inspired learning algorithms.
Mast cell renin and a local renin–angiotensin system in the airway: Role in bronchoconstriction

We previously reported that mast cells express renin, the rate-limiting enzyme in the renin–angiotensin cascade. We have now assessed whether mast cell renin release triggers angiotensin formation in the airway. In isolated rat bronchial rings, mast cell degranulation released enzyme with angiotensin I-forming activity blocked by the selective renin inhibitor BILA2157. Local generation of angiotensin (ANG II) from mast cell renin elicited bronchial smooth muscle contraction mediated by ANG II type 1 receptors (AT1R). In a guinea pig model of immediate type hypersensitivity, anaphylactic mast cell degranulation in bronchial rings resulted in ANG II-mediated constriction. As in rat bronchial rings, bronchoconstriction (BC) was inhibited by a renin inhibitor, an AT1R blocker, and a mast cell stabilizer. Anaphylactic release of renin, histamine, and β-hexosaminidase from mast cells was confirmed in the effluent from isolated, perfused guinea pig lung. To relate the significance of this finding to humans, mast cells were isolated from macroscopically normal human lung waste tissue specimens. Sequence analysis of human lung mast cell RNA showed 100% homology between human lung mast cell renin and kidney renin between exons 1 and 10. Furthermore, the renin protein expressed in lung mast cells was enzymatically active. Our results demonstrate the existence of an airway renin–angiotensin system triggered by release of mast-cell renin. The data show that locally produced ANG II is a critical factor governing BC, opening the possibility for novel therapeutic targets in the management of airway disease.
Periodontal Infection Is Associated With Endothelial Dysfunction in Healthy Subjects and Hypertensive Patients

The purpose of this study was to evaluate endothelial function in patients with periodontitis. We evaluated forearm blood flow responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside in patients with periodontitis who had no other cardiovascular risk factors (32 men; 25±3 years of age), in a normal control group (20 men; 26±3 years of age), and in hypertensive patients with periodontitis (28 men and 10 women; 56±12 years of age) and without periodontitis (control group; 18 men and 6 women; 54±13 years of age). Forearm blood flow was measured using strain-gauge plethysmography. Circulating levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 were significantly higher in the periodontitis group than in the control group. Both in healthy and hypertensive subjects, forearm blood flow responses to acetylcholine were significantly smaller in the periodontitis group than in the control group. Sodium nitroprusside–stimulated vasodilation was similar in the 2 groups. Periodontal therapy reduced serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 and augmented acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in periodontitis patients with and without hypertension. After administration of NG-monomethyl-l-arginine, an NO synthase inhibitor, forearm blood flow response to acetylcholine was similar before and after treatment. These findings suggest that periodontitis is associated with endothelial dysfunction in subjects without cardiovascular risk factors, as well as hypertensive patients, through a decrease in NO bioavailability and that systemic inflammation may be, at least in part, a cause of endothelial dysfunction, leading to cardiovascular diseases.
Micro-fabrication of an absolute flow calorimeter for DC to RF power measurement

Micro-fabricated calorimeters have been extensively used for determination of thermo chemical values and reaction kinetic studies. However, micro-fabricated calorimeters as power sensors have been mostly unexplored. In this context, miniaturization of an absolute flow calorimeter capable of measuring DC to RF power is proposed. In this paper, a micro-fabricated flow calorimeter is demonstrated and several initial test results, such as DC power measurement and the impact of flow rate on heat transferring, are reported. The obtained results will play an important role in performing RF power measurements in the future.
Nonradial and nonpolytropic astrophysical outflows VI. Overpressured winds and jets

By means of a nonlinear separation of the variables in the governing full set of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations for axisymmetric plasmas we analyse an exact model for magnetized and rotating outflows that are hotter and overpressured at their axis. These outflows start subsonically and subAlfvenically from the central gravitating source and its surrounding accretion disk. Subsequently, they accelerate thermally and magnetocentrifugally and thus cross the appropriate MHD critical points, reaching high values of the Alfven Mach number. Three types of solutions are found: (a) collimated jet- type outflows from efficient magnetic rotators with the flow confined by the magnetic hoop stress; (b) radially expanding wind- type outflows analogous to the solar wind, from inefficient magnetic rotators or strongly overpressured sources; (c) terminated solutions with increasing amplitude of oscillations in the width of the beam. In contrast to previously studied underpressured outflows, the transition from collimated jets to uncollimated winds is not continuous in the appropriate parametric space with a gap where no stationary solution is found. Superfast at infinity solutions are filtered by three critical surfaces corresponding to the three known limiting characteristics or separatrices of MHD wind theory. Collimated and terminated solutions cross the slow, Alfven and fast magneto-acoustic critical points. Radially expanding solutions cross the slow and Alfven critical points while the last boundary condition is imposed by requiring that the pressure vanishes at infinity.
Adaptive sliding mode control for solar tracker orientation

In this paper a Parallel Manipulator (Stewart Platform) is used to align and maintain the position of the photovoltaic panels in relation to the Sun. The system is designed on a Stewart platform with two degrees of freedom providing a significant advantage towards reaching the maximum accuracy and economy for this positioning task. To avoid measurement the velocity of the system a new adaptive type of high order sliding mode observer is presented. The observer uses the position information and input currents and provides a high accuracy and quality velocity estimation. The implementation of this novelly observer together with a sliding mode control algorithm provides a high performance nonlinear feedback control in presence of unmodelled dynamics and perturbations.