Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Various Methods to Detect Rumors on Social Media

Internet-based life stages have been utilized for data and newsgathering, and they are entirely significant in numerous applications. In any case, they likewise lead to the spreading of gossipy tidbits, Rumors, and phony news. Numerous endeavors have been taken to recognize and expose rumors via social networking media through dissecting their substance and social setting utilizing ML (Machine Learning) strategies. This paper gives an outline of the ongoing investigations in the rumor detection. The errand for rumor detection means to distinguish and characterize gossip either as obvious (genuine), bogus (nonfactual), or uncertain. This can hugely profit society by forestalling the spreading of such mistaken and off base data proactively. This paper is an introduction to rumor recognition via social networking media which presents the essential wording and kinds of bits of rumor and the nonexclusive procedure of rumor detection. A cutting edge portraying the utilization of directed ML algorithms for rumor detection via Social networking media is introduced. Keywords: Rumor Detection, Rumor Classification, Misinformation, News Events, Social Media, Machine Learning DOI: 10.7176/CEIS/11-4-01 Publication date: June 30 th 2020
Infodemics: Do healthcare professionals detect corona-related false news stories better than students?

False news stories cause welfare losses and fatal health consequences. To limit its dissemination, it is essential to know what determines the ability to distinguish between true and false news stories. In our experimental study, we present subjects corona-related stories taken from the media from various categories (e.g. social isolation, economic consequences, direct health consequences, and strong exaggeration). The subject’s task is to evaluate the stories as true or false. Besides students with and without healthcare background, we recruit healthcare professionals to increase the external validity of our study. Our main findings are: (i) Healthcare professionals perform similar to students in correctly distinguishing between true and false news stories. (ii) The propensity to engage in analytical thinking and actively open-minded thinking is positively associated with the ability to distinguish between true and false. (iii) We find that the residence of the subjects (East- or West-Germany) plays only a minor role. (iv) If news stories are in line with existing narratives, subjects tend to think that the stories are true.
Base flipping in DNA: Detection, structures and energetics

by Lauren L O’Neil Base flipping is the movement of a DNA base from an intrahelical, base stacked position to an extrahelical, solvent exposed position. As there are favorable interactions for an intrahelical base, both hydrogen bonding and base stacking, base flipping is expected to be energetically prohibitive for an undamaged DNA duplex. For damaged DNA bases, however, the energetic cost of base flipping may be considerably lower. Using a selective, non-covalent assay for base flipping, the sequence dependence of base flipping in DNA sequences containing an abasic site has been studied. The dissociation constants of the zinc-cyclen complex to small molecules and single strands of DNA as well as the equilibrium constants for base flipping have been determined for these sequences. Molecular dynamics simulations of the zinc-cyclen complex bound to both single and double stranded DNA have been performed. The results are compared to previous studies of base flipping in DNA containing an abasic site. A specific DNA damage of interest is the cis,syn-cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), also known as the thymine dimer, which is formed via a photochemical [2+2] cycloaddition between two adjacent thymine bases in DNA. The structure of the
Social desirability dimensionality: one or two continua?

background The objective of this paper is to examine the structure of social desirability. This variable is important in self-report questionnaires. Theoretical analyses indicate the existence of at least two dimensions of this construct, but there is no unambiguous empirical evidence for such a structure of social desirability. The present research aimed to determine the factor structure of the social desirability construct and the number of its dimensions.
Technological Satisfaction About Moodle in Higher Education—A Meta-Analysis

Moodle is a learning management system (LMS) widely distributed on a global scale and therefore studied in the context of blended learning. Although the literature includes important contributions on satisfaction evaluations of this LMS, to the best of our knowledge, no investigations exist providing a quantitative summary of them. In this sense, we focus on summarizing the degree of global technological satisfaction that users have about Moodle, specifically in the context of Higher Education. A meta-analysis of proportions was carried out on the studies published from 2001 to 2019. The degree of technological satisfaction regarding Moodle was considered the effect size. Results show that Moodle gave users a high degree of technological satisfaction (effect size of 0.78 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.72 to 0.84). These results have a moderate but significant heterogeneity of 67%. It was also observed that this effect size is not sensitive to factors such as the number of participants, the application of an evaluation standard and the comparison of Moodle with other LMSs. However, participant type (lecturer or student) was a significant moderator variable. No publication bias was observed (p-value of the Egger test $>0.05$ ).
Age-related alterations in functional connectivity along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus and its subfields

Aging causes hippocampal circuit alterations that differentially affect hippocampal subfields and are associated with age-related memory decline. Additionally, functional organization along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus has revealed distinctions between anterior and posterior (A-P) connectivity. Here, we examined the functional connectivity (FC) differences between young and older adults at high-resolution within the medial temporal lobe network (entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices), allowing us to explore how hippocampal subfield connectivity across the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus changes with age. Overall, we found reliably greater connectivity for younger adults than older adults between the hippocampus and PHC and PRC. This drop in functional connectivity was more pronounced in the anterior regions of the hippocampus than the posterior ones, consistent for each of the hippocampal subfields. Further, intra-hippocampal connectivity also reflected an age-related decrease in functional connectivity within the anterior hippocampus in older adults that was offset by an increase in posterior hippocampal functional connectivity. Interestingly, the anterior-posterior shift in older adults between hippocampus and PHC was predictive of lure discrimination performance on the MST, suggesting that this shift may reflect a compensation mechanism that preserves memory performance. While age-related dysfunction within the hippocampal subfields has been well-documented, these results suggest that the age-related A-P shift in hippocampal connectivity may also contribute significantly to memory decline in older adults.
Assessment of training and selected factors on speed and quality of performing different tasks on the endoscopic simulator

Introduction One of the most significant challenges nowadays is to educate and predict the predispositions of young surgeons taking into consideration that every ability has its own learning curve. Aim To determine the influence of selected factors and examine the shape and the length of the learning curve in performing simple tasks on an endoscopic simulator. Material and methods Twenty students took part in 4 training sessions with a one-week break between sessions. They were training 12 min and performed three tasks at every session on the endoscopic simulator. To identify whether selected factors influence the time of completing tasks, the participants were asked to fill in questionnaires. All participants also completed the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test (MMDT) to assess hand-eye coordination. Results Our research reveals that regardless of activities performed in free time, the shape of the learning curve was logarithmic. Improvement after the fourth session ranged from 50% to 75%. Performing specific activities in the free time did not influence the results achieved on the simulator. No statistically significant correlation between MMDT results and the time to accomplish each task was found. Conclusions This study has shown that the length of the learning curve of performing simple tasks is quite short and the shape is logarithmic. It suggests that more complex exercises should be included in the training programme.
Impact of Rye Inclusion in Diets for Broilers on Performance, Litter Quality, Foot Pad Health, Digesta Viscosity, Organ Traits and Intestinal Morphology

Rye could offer diverse benefits in terms of sustainability if it could replace parts of the main cereals, corn and wheat, in broiler diets. A total of 256 broilers, Ross 308, were randomly allocated into 32 pens. From day 14 till day 42, the birds were divided into four feeding groups (eight replicates each). The control group received a conventional finisher diet “control”, whereas in the other groups, a pelleted supplementary feed was offered (SFI to corn and SFII to rye), to which crushed corn (SFI-Corn) or squashed rye (SFII-Rye) was added. The fourth group received a mixture of 50% SFI-Corn and 50% SFII-Rye. The cereal level was increased weekly (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%) at the expense of the supplementary feeds. No significant effects were observed for body weight at d 42 and excreta viscosity between all groups. Overall, foot pad health was excellent. Compared to the control group, birds fed SFI-Corn displayed a significant increase in gizzard relative weight, whereas, in contrast to all other groups, ileal villus height was significantly lower. In conclusion, feeding SFI-Corn or SFII-Rye diets had no negative influences on performance, litter quality and digesta viscosity, whereas SFI-Corn partially affected ileal morphology.
A Lung Cancer Screening Personalized Decision-aid Improves Knowledge and Reduces Decisional Conflict Among a Diverse Population of Smokers at an Urban Academic Medical Center

Introduction: Few lung cancer screening decision aids have been tested in diverse populations. The study objective was to determine whether the online decision aid www.shouldiscreen. com impacts knowledge of and decisional conflict around lung cancer screening in a diverse population. Methods: Eligible patients had significant smoking histories, were at increased risk for lung cancer (ages 45-80, >20 pack-years, smoking within last 15 years) and had no history of prior lung cancer or screening. Data was collected and analyzed in 2017. Results: 40 patients were enrolled: 80% were female, 62.5% black, 33% white, and 48% had a high school education or less. 80% were current smokers with a mean of 34 pack-years accumulated. 35% were eligible for screening by U.S. Preventive Services Task Force criteria. After reviewing the decision aid, knowledge increased in all categories including risk factors for lung cancer (3.58 to 4.30, p<0.01), benefits of screening (1.58 to 2.30, p<0.01), possible harms of screening (0.93 to 2.08, p<0.01), and eligibility for screening (2.10 to 2.65, p<0.01). Decisional conflict was reduced from 21.25 to 8.65 (p<0.01). After use of the decision aid, more patients expressed a preference not to be screened for lung cancer, such that concordance with USPSTF guidelines decreased among those who were eligible to screen increased among those who did not yet meet eligibility criteria; however, this finding was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Even brief, unguided use of this web-based tool improved knowledge and reduced decisional conflict for a diverse group of smokers considering lung cancer screening.
Morphological divergence and reduced ectoparasite prevalence in an introduced population of a Caribbean anole

8 Invasive species are characterized as effective dispersers, allowing them to rapidly colonize an area 9 shortly after being introduced. As biological invasions become increasingly common understanding 10 what factors drive a species’ ability to rapidly colonize new habitats will be important for future 11 conservation management. Theoretical models predict that spatial sorting of an invasive population 12 will select for enhanced dispersal-related traits and lower prevalence of parasitic infections of 13 individuals on the vanguard of range expansion when compared to those of the core population. In 14 support of the models, there is a growing body of evidence that demonstrates both features are 15 common in invasive populations, although, these observations stem from mainland systems, over 16 larger spatial scales. Here we investigated the morphology and ectoparasite prevalence of Maynard’s 17 anole ( Anolis maynardi) in its native range Little Cayman, and across its introduced range Cayman 18 Brac where it was discovered 31 years ago. We tested for morphological divergence, ectoparasite 19 prevalence, and the effects of parasite load on body condition between the native population and the 20 core, intermediate and range edge populations within the introduced range. Our results suggest that 21 spatial sorting could have selected for decreased ectoparasite prevalence on the range edge of the 22 introduced population, across an area of just 39 km 2 . However, there was no difference in hind-limb 23 length, the character that is expected to enhance dispersal ability, across the range of the introduced
A review of research on the effect of lime on New Zealand soils and pastures

ABSTRACT Lime application to New Zealand pastures is required to correct inherent soil acidity and also remedy soil acidification caused by plant growth and farming practices. Combining the results of many individual trials carried out under mown pasture showed that the optimum soil pH for plant growth in the top 75 mm for mineral soils is 5.8–6.1 and 5.0 for organic soils. A smaller number of grazing trials showed similar results. Liming affects pasture production through several processes that are described in the text. On mineral soils, 0.7 t lime per hectare was calculated as the requirement to increase soil pH in the top 75 mm by 0.1 units. The requirements for lime can also be determined through modelling economic factors and the rate of soil acidification.
Some Observations on Relationships of the Liver, Ovary and Body Weights for Pipefish Species at the Lake Bafa Coasts (Muğla)

This study aims to determine various relationships between liver, gonad and body weights of the two pipefish species caught in two breeding seasons from the Bafa Lake (Muğla) coasts between 2014 -2016. Using beach seine-net in the lake, a total of 208 pipefish specimens (79 Synathus abaster and 129 Synathus acus) were sampled. L-W relationship and Fulton condition factor were W = 2E - 0.94. 01, 0.035 ± 0.009 in S.abaster specimens. Also LW relationships and condition factor were W = 8E-0.93. 83 , 0.033 ± 0.01 in S. acus. On the other hand mean ± SD of HSI and GSI values were 2.18 ± 1.65 and 7.69 ± 7.12 respectively. In S.acus values 3.22 ± 3.13 and 5.49 ± 5.12 as well. The decrease in HIS and K values, provides sufficient information to claim that species in the lake spend all energy requirement obtained with proper feeding to growth and gonad development.
Editorial Note for Journal of Forest Research: Open Access

The open access journal Forest Research is a scientific journal that includes a wide range of fields in its discipline and reports about the maintenance of forest because the richer the diversity of life, the greater the opportunity for medical discoveries, economic development and adaptive responses to such new challenges as climate change. It publishes all concerned research findings and discoveries pertaining to the ingredients and their mode of therapeutic nature to create a platform for the authors to make their contribution towards the journal. In this issue some of the recent and impactful research articles that were published by the journal discussed here.
A Novel Range-Free Localization Scheme Based on Anchor Pairs Condition Decision in Wireless Sensor Networks

It is essential to acquire the location of sensor nodes in the wireless sensor networks (WSNs), since the data collected with nodes would become meaningless without their location. In the existing studies, range-free localization schemes have been proved suitable to large-scaled WSNs due to the low cost in hardware implementation. However, the defect of those schemes is their poor accuracy in anisotropic networks with coverage holes. To tackle this problem, we propose a range-free localization scheme that combines the advantages of geometric constraint and hop progress-based methods. The geometric information provided by the combination of anchor pairs and unknown nodes is used to design the discrimination conditions, and each node divides the anchor pairs into one of three proposed categories. For different categories of anchor pairs, corresponding methods are proposed to estimate the distancse between sensor nodes. In this way, the trade-off between distance estimation accuracy and anchor utilization can be achieved. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme outperforms other schemes in terms of localization accuracy and proportion of outliers with acceptable computational and time complexity, where the localization accuracy and proportion of outliers in the proposed scheme are improved by up to 47% and 61% compared to DV-maxHop.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Review of Academic Literature

CSR has gained more attention in recent years in both developing and developed countries and among the ancient debate questions concerning CSR is determining if it is important for companies to pay societal demands. Still date, this query has been a vital initiate for several studies, several researchers have stated that an answer to this question is yet to be found. The difference in CSR significances calls for a literature study so as to shed light on the debate and permit the drawing of a conclusion. Although for many developing countries like Cameroon, Nigeria, Ghana, CSR is not yet a priority for managers of firms, this study reveals several relationships between CSR and financial performance that include; positive, negative, U-shaped and even no relationship. Some studies have different opinion about CSR and performance but they are mostly outdated materials. There has been a lot of changes since the beginning of the CSR debate, hence one can say with conviction that “Good Ethics is Good Business”. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Financial performance, Literature review DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-18-05 Publication date: September 30 th 2020
Analytical Expressions for Lightning Electromagnetic Fields With Arbitrary Channel-Base Current—Part I: Theory

The article provides analytical expressions for the electromagnetic fields generated by a lightning return stroke characterized by a channel-base current with arbitrary time waveform, in presence of either a perfectly conducting or a lossy ground, assuming the transmission line model for the current along the channel. In this second case, a time-domain analytical expression for the Cooray–Rubinstein formula is presented. The main idea that leads to the derivation of analytical formulas consists of dividing the channel into intervals in which the distance between the field source point and the observation point can be approximated with a linear function of the time, and of the spatial coordinates of both points. In the companion aticle, a detailed comparison is proposed with the classical (numerical) approach highlighting an excellent agreement both at close and far distances, considering all the values of practical interest for the ground conductivity. Moreover, the method guarantees a meaningful improvement in computational performance.
The Salivary Microbiome: Analysis of by Pyrosequencing and the Relationship with Helicobacter pylori Infection

Backgrounds There have been reports of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the oral cavity and it has been suggested that the oral cavity may be a reservoir for H. pylori reflux from the stomach. Objectives High-throughput pyrosequencing was used to assess the structure and composition of oral microbiota communities in individuals with or without confirmed H. pylori infection. Methods Saliva samples were obtained from 34 H. pylori infected and 24 H. pylori uninfected subjects. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and examined by pyrosequencing by amplification of the 16S rDNA V3-V4 hypervariable regions followed by bioinformatics analysis. Saliva sampling was repeated from 22 of the 34 H. pylori infected subjects 2 months after H. pylori eradication. Results High-quality sequences (2,812,659) clustered into 95,812 operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 97% identity), representing 440 independent species belonging to 138 genera, 68 families, 36 orders, 21 classes, and 11 phyla. Species richness (alpha diversity) of H. pylori infected subjects was similar to that of uninfected subjects. Eradication treatment decreased saliva bacterial diversity. Beta diversity analysis showed that the salivary microbial community structure differed between H. pylori infected and uninfected subjects both before and after H. pylori eradication. Conclusions Salivary microbiota diversity was similar in H. pylori infected and uninfected individuals. Antibiotic therapy was associated with a decline in salivary bacterial diversity. Both H. pylori infection and its eradication caused the oral microbiota alterations in community and structure. The present of H. pylori in oral cavity was not related with its infection status in stomach. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03730766 Importance The oral cavity plays a vital role in Helicobacter pylori transmission among human. High-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rDNA V3-V4 hypervariable regions was used to assess the structure and composition of oral microbiota communities in individuals with or without confirmed Helicobacter pylori infection. We show that both Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication cause microbiota alterations in the oral microbiota. Prior studies report detection of Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity by polymerase chain reaction. We show that the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity is unrelated with its infection status in the stomach.
Can Security Design Foster Household Risk-Taking?

This paper shows that securities with a non-linear payoff design can foster household risk-taking. We demonstrate this effect empirically by exploiting the introduction of capital guarantee products in Sweden from 2002 to 2007. The fast and broad adoption of these products is associated with an increase in expected financial portfolio returns, which is especially strong for households with a low risk appetite ex ante. We explore possible economic explanations by developing a life-cycle model of consumption-portfolio decisions. The capital guarantee substantially increases risk-taking by households with pessimistic beliefs or preferences combining loss aversion and narrow framing. The welfare gains from financial innovation are stronger for households that are less willing to take risk ex ante. Our results illustrate how security design can mitigate behavioral biases and enhance economic well-being.