Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Skin Cancer Diagnostics Through a Mobile App With a Large Interactive Image Repository: Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Skin cancer diagnostics is challenging, and mastery requires extended periods of dedicated practice. Objective The aim of the study was to determine if self-paced pattern recognition training in skin cancer diagnostics with clinical and dermoscopic images of skin lesions using a large-scale interactive image repository (LIIR) with patient cases improves primary care physicians’ (PCPs’) diagnostic skills and confidence. Methods A total of 115 PCPs were randomized (allocation ratio 3:1) to receive or not receive self-paced pattern recognition training in skin cancer diagnostics using an LIIR with patient cases through a quiz-based smartphone app during an 8-day period. The participants’ ability to diagnose skin cancer was evaluated using a 12-item multiple-choice questionnaire prior to and 8 days after the educational intervention period. Their thoughts on the use of dermoscopy were assessed using a study-specific questionnaire. A learning curve was calculated through the analysis of data from the mobile app. Results On average, participants in the intervention group spent 2 hours 26 minutes quizzing digital patient cases and 41 minutes reading the educational material. They had an average preintervention multiple choice questionnaire score of 52.0% of correct answers, which increased to 66.4% on the postintervention test; a statistically significant improvement of 14.3 percentage points (P<.001; 95% CI 9.8-18.9) with intention-to-treat analysis. Analysis of participants who received the intervention as per protocol (500 patient cases in 8 days) showed an average increase of 16.7 percentage points (P<.001; 95% CI 11.3-22.0) from 53.9% to 70.5%. Their overall ability to correctly recognize malignant lesions in the LIIR patient cases improved over the intervention period by 6.6 percentage points from 67.1% (95% CI 65.2-69.3) to 73.7% (95% CI 72.5-75.0) and their ability to set the correct diagnosis improved by 10.5 percentage points from 42.5% (95% CI 40.2%-44.8%) to 53.0% (95% CI 51.3-54.9). The diagnostic confidence of participants in the intervention group increased on a scale from 1 to 4 by 32.9% from 1.6 to 2.1 (P<.001). Participants in the control group did not increase their postintervention score or their diagnostic confidence during the same period. Conclusions Self-paced pattern recognition training in skin cancer diagnostics through the use of a digital LIIR with patient cases delivered by a quiz-based mobile app improves the diagnostic accuracy of PCPs. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05661370; https://classic.clinicaltrials. gov/ct2/show/NCT05661370
Surface modes with controlled axisymmetry triggered by bubble coalescence in a high-amplitude acoustic field

When two bubbles encounter each other in a moderate ultrasound field they coalesce into a single bubble that shows purely spherical oscillations. For a sufficiently large acoustic field, this coalescence can lead to sustained nonspherical oscillations of the resulting bubble. We experimentally capture the time-resolved dynamics of the coalesced bubble, starting with the moment of film rupture. This allows the transient and steady-state regimes of the oscillating bubble to be studied. The amplitude dynamics for both of these regimes are successfully compared to numerical modeling, taking into account the coupling of volume and surface modes. Initial conditions for each surface mode are taken from the Legendre polynomial projection of the experimentally obtained bubble shape immediately after film rupture. We also observe that the symmetry axis of the zonal spherical harmonics is defined by the coalescence. The axis is identical to the rectilinear translational motion of the two approaching bubbles before impact. This high-amplitude coalescence technique provides a unique opportunity to study axisymmetric and sustained nonspherical bubble oscillations under controlled initial conditions.
Antimicrobial resistance in food-associated Escherichia coli in Mexico and Latin America

The World Health Organization (WHO) considers antimicrobial resistance to be one of the critical global public health priorities to address. Escherichia coli is a commensal bacterium of the gut microbiota in humans and animals; however, some strains cause infections and are resistant to antibiotics. One of the most common ways of acquiring pathogenic E. coli strains is through food. This review analyzes multidrug-resistant E. coli isolated from food, emphasizing Latin America and Mexico, and the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) responsible for spreading antibiotic resistance determinants among bacteria in different environments and hosts. We conducted a systematic search of the literature published from 2015 to 2022 in open access databases and electronic repositories. The prevalence of 11 E. coli pathotypes was described, with diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes being the most frequently associated with foodborne illness in different Latin American countries, highlighting the presence of different antibiotic resistance genes mostly carried by IncF-type plasmids or class 1 integrons. Although the global incidence of foodborne illness is high, there have been few studies in Mexico and Latin America, which highlights the need to generate updated epidemiological data from the “One Health” approach, which allows monitoring of the multidrug-resistance phenomenon in E. coli from a common perspective in the interaction of human, veterinary, and environmental health.
Numerical Study on Mixed Convection in Ventilated Cavities with Different Aspect Ratios

An unsteady numerical investigation on mixed convection in a two dimensional open ended cavity with different aspect ratios is carried out. In this investigation, uniform temperature is set to the left and the right sides of the cavity while the other surfaces are adiabatic. The simulation is performed for a wide range of Reynolds numbers (Re = 100–1000) and Richardson numbers (Ri = 0.132–6.5 × 102), and various cavity aspect ratios (L/D = 0.5–4.0) and H/D = 0.1. Governing equations are solved using a cell centered finite volume code, a SIMPLE numerical projection scheme and a 2nd order accuracy. Results are presented in the form of streamlines, isothermal lines, and velocity profiles in the channel. The conclusion is that the enhancement of heat transfer rate is generated principally by the increasing Re and the assisting configuration is thermally more efficient when compared to the opposing one.
Prosody as a recursive embedding tool in production and perception of karajá

Hierarchical or indirect recursion can be found in different domains of human language and thus, it has been claimed to be the only part of language that is specific to humans (Hauser, Chomsky, and Fitch 2002). However, in the past decade, both the claims that, recursion is the central component of the “narrow faculty of language” and that, it should be present in all languages have been the object of intense debate (cf. Pinker & Jackendoff, 2005; Everett, 2005). This debate triggered the exploration of new frontiers in the examination of embedded structures, which have been examined in acquisition and in processing and have been shown to be implemented through a wide array of linguistic resources in different languages. This paper presents an acoustic description and a neuro-psycholinguistic analysis (ERP/EEG) of an uncommon cognitive device to embed relative clauses. It is implemented in Karaja, a Macro-Je language spoken in Central Brazil, which uses stress shift in relativization: (i) [tori do’rode] ‘the white man arrived’ versus (ii) [tori doro’de] ‘the white man who arrived’, as first described in Ribeiro (2006). The major interest in studying this phenomenon is because in Karaja, more than structuring envelopes for acts of speech, prosody codes directly onto the central syntactic algorithm of recursion. We found evidence in favor of a stronger facilitation to process a coordinated structure than a recursive structure. We found smaller RTs and amplitudes in the EEG related to the coordinated conditions versus the embedding conditions. Also, it seems that even though embedding is harder to launch, hierarchical structuring makes it easier to process in the third embedding, when comprehenders learn they are in an embedding mode. Coordination, on the other hand, being a default, is easier to launch, but it seems to become progressively harder as it does not benefit from hierarchical structuring.
A comparison of structural brain differences in monolingual and highly proficient multilingual speakers

Structural and functional brain adaptations in bilingual speakers are well documented in the neurolinguistic literature. However, far less is known about neural changes evidenced in multilingual speakers. This study investigates brain plasticity in a group of highly proficient multilinguals, fluent in four or more languages, compared to a group of monolinguals. An ROI analysis used to evaluate differences in core linguistic regions and regions associated with language control revealed robust decreases for multilinguals in grey matter thickness of two brain regions within the parietal lobe (i.e., precuneus and angular gyrus), involved in lexico-semantic processing, memory retrieval, and control maintenance. We discuss our findings in the context of emerging models characterizing trajectorial changes in brain structures associated with language experience. We consider how the demands of optimal functioning within multi-linguistic environments may foster cortical changes that manifest as decreased GM thickness in highly proficient multilingual compared to monolinguals.
The High-Density Symmetry Energy in Heavy-Ion Collisions and Compact Stars

High-density nuclear symmetry energy is of crucial importance in astrophysics. Information on such energy has been obtained from mass–radius determinations of neutron stars (NSs), and in the future NS mergers will increasingly contribute. In the laboratory, the symmetry energy can be studied in heavy-ion collisions (HICs) at different incident energies over a large range, from very low to several times higher saturation density. Transport theory is necessary to extract the symmetry energy from the typically non-equilibrated nuclear collisions. In this contribution, we first review the transport approaches, their differences, and recent studies of their reliability. We then discuss several prominent observables, which have been used to determine the symmetry energy at high density: collective flow, light cluster emission, and particle production. It is finally argued that the results of the symmetry energy from microscopic many-body calculations, nuclear structure, nuclear reactions, and astrophysics begin to converge but still need considerable improvements in terms of accuracy.
Impact of Colorectal Cancer Sidedness and Location on Therapy and Clinical Outcomes: Role of Blood-Based Biopsy for Personalized Treatment

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases in the United States and worldwide, and it remains among the top three causes of cancer-related death. A new understanding of molecular characteristics has changed the profile of colorectal cancer and its treatment. Even controlling for known mutational differences, tumor side of origin has emerged as an independent prognostic factor, and one that impacts response to therapy. Left- and right-sided colon cancers differ in a number of key ways, including histology, mutational profile, carcinogenesis pathways, and microbiomes. Moreover, the frequency of certain molecular features gradually changes from the ascending colon to rectum. These, as well as features yet to be identified, are likely responsible for the ongoing role of tumor sidedness and colorectal subsites in treatment response and prognosis. Along with tumor molecular profiling, blood-based biopsy enables the identification of targetable mutations and predictive biomarkers of treatment response. With the application of known tumor characteristics including sidedness and subsites as well as the utilization of blood-based biopsy, along with the development of biomarkers and targeted therapies, the field of colorectal cancer continues to evolve towards the personalized management of a heterogeneous cancer.
The birthplace and relative age effects in Brazilian olympic athletes: a cross-national comparison

Purpose Our purpose was to verify the existence of birthplace and relative age effect (RAE), as well as the association between birthplace effect and RAE among Brazilian athletes competing in the Olympic Games. Methods Data included information about Brazilian Summer Olympic athletes from 1920 to 2021. To investigate RAE, athletes’ birthdate was distributed into birth quartiles (Q1: Jan–Mar; Q2: Apr–Jun; Q3: Jul–Sep; Q4: Oct–Dec), while birthplace effect was assessed considering the state and the region (Southeast; Northeast; South; North; and Midwest) of birth. The Chi-square test (χ2) was used to verify differences between the birthplace effect and RAE. Results The sample consisted of 388 Brazilian athletes of both sexes, distributed in 38 sports modalities from 23 Brazilian states (Southeast = 66.5%; South = 14.4%; Northeast = 12.1%; North = 1.5%; Midwest = 5.4%). For both sexes, most of the athletes were from the São Paulo state (37.4%), followed by Rio de Janeiro (18.3%), both from the Southeast region. For birthdate distribution according to birthplace, it was observed that the North region presented the highest frequency of athletes born in Q1 (50%), followed by the Northeast and Southeast regions. No significant differences were found for the birthplace effect (χ2 = 5.69, value of p = 0.128) and RAE between sexes (χ2 = 0.530, value of p = 0.912), nor was shown an association between the birthplace effect and RAE. Conclusion Most Brazilian Olympic athletes are from the Southeast region, but no RAE was established regarding their birthplace. Results from the present study can guide sports public policies in Brazilian regions, especially in the Midwest, North, and Northeast regions, which are underrepresented in Brazilian high-performance sports.
Influence of Financial Attitude, Financial Socialisation and Digital Financial Literacy on Personal Financial Management Behaviour of Women of Punjab

Women are important segment of society who actively take part in each and every activity from house core work to fulfilling their professional responsibilities. As the society transformed from traditional to modern women become more empowered and able to take their own financial decisions but Personal financial management behaviour is still low in women as compared to men. An attempt has been made in this paper to study the personal financial management behaviour of women of Punjab. The factors like financial attitude, financial socialization and digital financial literacy are studied to know their impact on personal financial management behaviour of women. The data is collected from 400 working and non- working women through purposive and snow ball sampling method from Punjab with the help of questionnaire. The analysis has been done with the help of SPSS 25 by using multiple regression technique. The findings revealed that financial attitude, financial socialization and digital financial literacy has positive and significant influence on personal financial management behaviour of women.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Antiamoebic Activity of Kaempferol against Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica and in the Interactions of Amoebae with Hamster Neutrophils

Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) is a parasite in humans that provokes amoebiasis. The most employed drug is metronidazole (MTZ); however, some studies have reported that this drug induces genotoxic effects. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new compounds without toxicity that can eliminate E. histolytica. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that have demonstrated inhibition of growth and dysregulation of amoebic proteins. Despite the knowledge acquired to date, action mechanisms are not completely understood. The present work evaluates the effect of kaempferol against E. histolytica trophozoites and in the interactions with neutrophils from hamster, which is a susceptibility model. Our study demonstrated a significant reduction in the amoebic viability of trophozoites incubated with kaempferol at 150 μM for 90 min. The gene expression analysis showed a significant downregulation of Pr (peroxiredoxin), Rr (rubrerythrin), and TrxR (thioredoxin reductase). In interactions with amoebae and neutrophils for short times, we observed a reduction in ROS (reactive oxygen species), NO (nitric oxide), and MPO (myeloperoxidase) neutrophil activities. In conclusion, we confirmed that kaempferol is an effective drug against E. histolytica through the decrease in E. histolytica antioxidant enzyme expression and a regulator of several neutrophil mechanisms, such as MPO activity and the regulation of ROS and NO.
Undergraduate Research Experiences Broaden Diversity in the Scientific Workforce

New data highlight the importance of undergraduate research experiences (UREs) for keeping underrepresented science students on the pathway to a scientific career. We used a large-scale, 10-year, longitudinal, multi-institutional, propensity-score-matched research design to compare the academic performance and persistence in science of students who participated in URE(s) with those of similar students who had no research experience. Our results showed that students who completed 10 or more hours of cocurricular, faculty-mentored research per week across two or more academic semesters or summers were significantly more likely to graduate with a science-related bachelor’s degree, to be accepted into a science-related graduate training program, and to be training for or working in the scientific workforce 6 years after graduation. Importantly, the findings show that just having a URE was not enough to influence persistence in science; it required a commitment of 10 or more hours per week over two or more semesters of faculty-mentored research.
On the optimal regularity of plate equations with randomized time‐dependent coefficients

For plate equations with randomized coefficients, the joint influence from the principal operator, stochastic processes and oscillating coefficients, is of prime concern in the discussion of regularity of the solutions. We will apply the sophisticated techniques from stochastic partial differential equations and microlocal analysis to explore the upper bound of loss of regularity. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the optimality of the estimates, appropriate counter‐examples with periodic coefficients will be constructed to show the lower bound of loss of regularity by the application of harmonic analysis and instability arguments.
Evaluation of the Coolnet Placement Distance to Direct Evaporative Cooling to Increase Potato Seed Production in Aeroponic Systems with Root Zone Cooling in the Lowlands

Evaluation of the placement of the coolnet distance on direct evaporative cooling is needed in order to reduce the wilting percentage and improve seed production of potatoes. The aim of the study was to obtain the appropriate coolnet distance for the growth and development of aeroponic potato seedlings in evaporative cooling and root zone cooling applications in the tropical lowlands. The factors tested were: 1) Evaporative cooling (JEvap) distance: JEvap1 (25 cm from the top zone of the plant), JEvap2 (50 cm from the top zone), and Jevap3 (60 cm), and 2) Varieties (V): V1 (MZ), V2 (Granola K), V3 (Granola L). The design used was completely randomized design with 2 replications. Growth data and results were analyzed by the F test and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. The results showed that the direct evaporative cooling method and the coolnet spacing of 50-60 cm which were integrated with root zone cooling created an air temperature at the top of the plant 26-28 °C, reduced the percentage of burnt wilting, and increased the number of tubers by an average of 31.4 to 41.7 tubers/plant. Keywords: Aeroponic, cooling system, growth environment, hidroponic, limited control.
A Call to Action: Cholangiocarcinoma in the Setting of Sustained Hepatitis C Virologic Response – Case Report and Review of Literature

The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma, an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis, is increasing. Hepatitis B and C have been well established as predisposing factors for this malignancy. The availability and efficacy of treatment for hepatitis C infection has led to a substantial reduction in viral hepatitis-related cholangiocarcinoma mortality. Despite treatment, the potential for developing cholangiocarcinoma continues to exist for patients with underlying cirrhosis. We present a patient who was effectively treated for hepatitis C with direct-acting antiviral therapy eight years prior. He presented with malaise, fatigue, and an unintentional weight loss of 40 pounds. Imaging revealed a metastatic malignancy, and a liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma and the absence of underlying cirrhosis in the background liver. This case highlights the persistent risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma despite achieving sustained virological response to treatment for hepatitis C. We review the associated literature and briefly discuss the predisposing conditions that might result in such an outcome. We also encourage the need for long-term surveillance for such patients and the importance of conducting more multi-center studies to identify at-risk patients and develop costeffective screening protocols.
Mid‐infrared optical and electrical properties of indium tin oxide films

Mid‐infrared (MIR) optical properties of six various types of indium tin oxide (ITO) films have been investigated by means of infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry. We utilized both commercially available and uniquely fabricated ITO films which are composed of mainly two types of structures, “grain” and “grain‐subgrain” having (200) and (400) preferential crystallographic orientations, respectively. For the determination of accurate dielectric properties of these ITO films, a thin surface layer on top of a bulk layer was considered for the spectral fits. These are done with a Drude model in the frequency range from 300 to 6000 cm−1. As a result of that, metallic behavior was verified in the MIR region for the surface and for the bulk layer. The real part of the complex dielectric function became increasingly negative toward low frequencies. The bulk layers form more than 70% of the total thickness of the films and have their plasma edges in the near‐infrared. The optical properties of both surface and bulk layers strongly depend on the ITO fabrication conditions, which is enlightened by our study.
High-pressure Condensing Refrigerant Flows Through Microchannels, Part II: Heat Transfer Models

ABSTRACT Condensation of high-pressure refrigerants in small-diameter channels over a wide range of reduced pressures approaching the critical point is investigated in this two-part study. Part I presented pressure drop measurements and a two-phase pressure drop model. In this paper, Part II of the study, a condensation heat transfer model is presented. Heat transfer coefficients were measured during condensation of R404A in circular channels (inner diameter = 0.86, 1.55, 3.05 mm) over the entire quality range. The saturation temperature was varied from 30 to 60°C, and mass flux from 200 to 800 kg m-2 s-1, to evaluate their effects on condensation heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer model is developed using a microchannel flow regime map and the void fraction model previously developed by the authors. The resulting model predicts 93.6% of the data within ±25%. The model exhibited good agreement with data from condensing ammonia and carbon dioxide, predicting 84.8% and 97% of their data within ±25%, respectively.