Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rhyolitic Explosive Eruptions of the Central Snake River Plain, Idaho: Investigations of the Lower Cassia Mountains Succession and Surrounding Areas

1 RHYOLITIC EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS OF THE CENTRAL SNAKE RIVER PLAIN, IDAHO: INVESTIGATIONS OF THE LOWER CASSIA MOUNTAINS SUCCESSION AND SURROUNDING AREAS Benjamin Stephen Ellis The Snake River Plain of north-western U.S.A. was the site of voluminous, bimodal, hotspot volcanism in the Miocene. Between c. 12.7-6 Ma silicic volcanism produced an association of deposits so different to typical Plinian and ignimbrite deposits elsewhere it has been termed Snake River (SR)-type. The Cassia Mountains of southern Idaho contain SR-type ignimbrites produced from complex and dynamic magmatic plumbing systems involving multiple magma chambers which gave rise to multiple compositional populations of clinopyroxene that mixed during eruption and were deposited together. The Cassia Mountain ignimbrites become progressively more mafic up-succession in terms of whole rock, glass, feldspar and clinopyroxene compositions, reflecting decreasing time available for fractional crystallisation, as supported by geochronology. Two Cassia Mountain ignimbrites are among three newly discovered ‘super-eruptions’ defined on the basis of phenocryst, glass and whole rock compositions; magnetic polarity; Ar/Ar geochronology; oxygen isotopes; and field data. Erupted volumes range between 640 and 1200 km, amongst the largest recorded. Intercalated within the Cassia Mountain succession is a newly discovered deposit representing the first recorded explosive, rhyolitic phreatomagmatic eruption from the central Snake River Plain. The fine-grained, non-welded deposit has similar whole rock, glass, oxygen isotope and magmatic temperature characteristics to the surrounding welded ignimbrites, so the unusual deposit facies are interpreted as representing interaction of rising rhyolitic magma with near-surface water. During SR-type volcanism, lavas and ignimbrites of similar chemistry were erupted within a short time. Water contents of melt inclusions were low in both ignimbrites and lavas, consistent with the anhydrous mineralogy and high inferred magmatic temperature. Volatile contents of the magmas (as recorded by the melt inclusions) did not control eruptive style. The intense rheomorphism which characterises SR-type ignimbrites appears to be due to high emplacement temperatures rather than enhanced halogen contents.
Fear of heights shapes postural responses to vibration-induced balance perturbation at virtual height

Introduction Standing upright at height is a challenging situation involving intense threat of balance loss and fall. The ability to maintain balance in such conditions requires properly resolving sensory conflicts and is influenced by fear. To get more insight on the role of fear in balance control at height, we explored the dynamics of postural behavior in the situation of enhanced threat of potential balance loss. Methods In 40 young individuals with varying fear of heights, we combined simulated exposure to height in a virtual reality environment with bilateral vibration of tibialis anterior muscles which evokes posture destabilization (the so-called vibration-induced falling). Results Under such condition of enhanced postural threat, individuals with intense fear of heights showed stronger stiffening of posture compared with individuals with low fear of heights who react more flexibly and adaptively to posture destabilization. This group difference was evident already at ground level but further increased during virtual height exposure. Discussion Our data show that fear of height significantly affects posture adaptation to balance-destabilizing events. Our findings demonstrate that the assessment of postural behavior during threatening situations in the virtual reality environment provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of balance control and may be used to develop novel strategies aimed at prevention of falls.
Operative Findings of over 5000 Microvascular Decompression Surgeries for Hemifacial Spasm: Our Perspective and Current Updates

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a hyperactive cranial neuropathy, and it has been well established that the cause of primary HFS is compression on the root exit zone (REZ) of the facial–vestibulocochlear nerve complex (CN VII-VIII) by a vessel or vessels. MVD is the only curative treatment option for HFS with a high success rate and low incidence of recurrence and complications. We categorize six classical compressive patterns on the REZ as well as five challenging types. Knowledge of these patterns may help in achieving a better surgical outcome.
Crustal and uppermost mantle structure of Cape Verde from ambient noise 1 tomography

cross-correlations for vertical component recordings using all possible inter-island station pairs. Next, 25 a time-frequency phase-weighted stack was applied to obtain robust Rayleigh wave group velocity 26 dispersion curves in the period band between 10 s and 24 s. Group-velocity maps at different periods 27 are obtained by inverting the dispersion. We then inverted the group-velocity maps to obtain the 3D 28 shear-wave velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath Cape Verde. The final 3D 29 model extends from 8 km down to 23 km and has a lateral resolution of about 50 km. The crust in the 30 southwestern sector, encompassing Fogo, presents lower S-wave velocities that may be caused by the 31 presence of melt pockets and/or hydrothermal fluids circulation. The uppermost mantle beneath the 32 northwestern sector is characterized by higher S-wave velocities in agreement with previous results 33 obtained from Ps and Sp receiver functions. Those high-velocity anomalies can reflect non-altered 34 crust or remnants of magma chambers or solidified basaltic intrusions, which fed the volcanism in 35 these islands. Our maps revealed the presence of crustal underplating across the entire archipelago, 36 yet stronger beneath the groups
Psychological Burden Among Patients With Inherited Bleeding Disorders in Madinah Province, Saudi Arabia

Introduction Hereditary bleeding disorders, such as hemophilia and von Willebrand disease (VWD), result from specific deficiencies or malformations in the coagulation cascade proteins. These disorders can significantly impact both physical and psychological health. Complications such as depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) can further exacerbate these impacts. Despite their significance, detailed prevalence data remain limited, especially for regions such as Madinah province in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DAS and their associated risk factors among patients with hereditary bleeding disorders in Madinah province, Saudi Arabia. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using telephonic interviews involving patients diagnosed with severe hemophilia A or B or VWD attending a hematology clinic in Madinah. Patients over 10 were included, and the study excluded those with central nervous system insults and platelet count concerns. The validated and reliable Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21-item questionnaire and Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS), version 26.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY), facilitated data collection and analysis, respectively. Results Of the 44 patients studied, 25% exhibited symptoms of depression, 45.5% showed signs of anxiety, and 29.5% had stress symptoms. Regarding symptom severity, 9.1% of patients experienced extremely severe depression, 15.9% had moderate anxiety, and 13.6% reported moderate stress. The prevalence of these psychological issues varied with patients' age and economic status. Notably, a significantly higher rate of depression was observed in patients over 15 years (42.9% vs. 8.7%; p=0.009). Additionally, while not statistically significant, patients with a high economic status reported increased rates of DAS. Conclusions Patients with inherited bleeding disorders, particularly those older than 15, manifest significant psychological distress. There is a pressing need for enhanced awareness, specialized screenings, and tailored counseling services to improve treatment adherence and overall quality of life. Given the findings, a comprehensive national study in Saudi Arabia is highly recommended, alongside the integration of specialized psychological services.
Changes In Glacier Length Induced By Climate Changes

Time scales for adjustment in the length of a glacier to changing climate may be described in terms of a relatively short time scale, T S and a longer memory time, T m. The memory Tm represents the time scale needed for asymptotic approach of the glacier to a steady state following a climate change event. Tm is determined by simple continuity considerations concerning the total volume change that must occur to reach steady state and the balance rate that drives the change. We show that T m is relatively independent of the size of the climate change or to details of how ice flow is related to the geometry of the glacier. The time scale T S represents the time between a climate event and the occurrence of substantial changes in the glacier length. We show that, in contrast to T m, T s is highly dependent on the size of the climate change and on details of ice dynamics. This dependence is investigated by several ice-flow models including a simple one in which ice transport is determined by local thickness and slope, as in the analysis of kinematic waves, and a finite element representation that fully includes longitudinal stress gradients. The ice-flow models are subjected to mass-balance perturbations of varying size — from small, for which linearization approximations are valid, to large, for which linearization breaks down. The following behavior may be identified. Increasing the size of a mass-balance rate change causes a more rapid initial response of a glacier terminus, which tends to shorten T s. Longitudinal stress gradients damp local variations in velocity and thereby slow the propagation and diffusion of kinematic waves and retard the response of the terminus, which tends to lengthen T s. Longitudinal stress gradients transmit forces to the terminus region and influence the terminus motion without the necessity of redistributing mass from the glacier length into the terminus zone, which tends to shorten T s. These various results indicate that accurate modeling of the short term responses of glaciers to climate change requires fairly sophisticated ice-flow models, However, for purposes of tracking glacier lengths (or areas) over time scales considerably great than T s, fairly simple ice-flow models may suffice.
The pragmatics of exhaustivity in embedded questions: an experimental comparison of know and predict in German and English

Introduction We present a cross-linguistic experimental study that explores the exhaustivity properties of questions embedded under wissen/to know and korrekt vorhersagen/to correctly predict in German and English. While past theoretical literature has held that such embedded questions should only be interpreted as strongly exhaustive (SE), recent experimental findings suggest an intermediate exhaustive (IE) interpretation is also available and plausible. Methods Participants were confronted with a decision problem involving the different exhaustive readings and received a financial incentive based on their performance. We employed Bayesian analysis to create probabilistic models of participants' beliefs, linking their responses to readings based on utility maximization in simple decision problems. Results For wissen/to know, we found that the SE reading was most probable in both languages, aligning with early theoretical literature. However, we also attested to the presence of IE readings. For korrekt vorhersagen in German, the IE reading was most probable, whereas for the English phrase "to correctly predict," a preference for the SE reading was observed. Discussion This cross-linguistic variation correlates with independent corpus data, indicating that German vorhersagen and English to predict are not lexically equivalent. By including an explicit pragmatic component, our study complements previous work that has focused solely on the principled semantic availability of given readings.
GENERALIZATIONS OF SOME KKM TYPE RESULTS ON HYPERBOLIC SPACES

In some previous works, it is known that the KKM type results on Hadamard manifolds can be extended to hyperbolic spaces originated from Kirk in 1982 and Reich- Shafrir in 1990. Such results are the KKM theorem, the Fan-Browder fixed point theorem, Nash equilibrium theorem, variational inequalities, etc. based on our theory of abstract convex spaces. In the present article, we show that our method can be applied some recent works on Hadamard manifolds. Historical remarks are added on the study of the KKM type results on Hadamard manifolds and hyperbolic spaces.
The Rhetorical Functions of Citations in the Discussion Sections of Two Articles in Journal of English for Academic Purposes

This study aims to examine the transitivity system of rhetorical functions in the Discussion section of two articles in the Journal of English for Academic Purposes by investigating the type of processes used in the rhetorical functions and how each type of process is represented in the English lexicogrammatical system. The data for this qualitative study were collected through genre analysis on two articles on citation practices from the Journal of English for Academic Purposes. The study found that comparison with sources and attribution were the most prominent rhetorical function within the Discussion section and that in comparison with sources, verbal processes were the most dominant type of processes, followed by relational, material, and mental processes, while in attribution, relational processes were the most used type of process, with material, verbal, and mental processes following behind. The findings of the study also showed that both comparison with sources and attribution were equally important in the Discussion section.
A Deep Learning-Based Automated Framework for Subpeak Designation on Intracranial Pressure Signals

The intracranial pressure (ICP) signal, as monitored on patients in intensive care units, contains pulses of cardiac origin, where P1 and P2 subpeaks can often be observed. When calculable, the ratio of their relative amplitudes is an indicator of the patient’s cerebral compliance. This characterization is particularly informative for the overall state of the cerebrospinal system. The aim of this study is to develop and assess the performances of a deep learning-based pipeline for P2/P1 ratio computation that only takes a raw ICP signal as an input. The output P2/P1 ratio signal can be discontinuous since P1 and P2 subpeaks are not always visible. The proposed pipeline performs four tasks, namely (i) heartbeat-induced pulse detection, (ii) pulse selection, (iii) P1 and P2 designation, and (iv) signal smoothing and outlier removal. For tasks (i) and (ii), the performance of a recurrent neural network is compared to that of a convolutional neural network. The final algorithm is evaluated on a 4344-pulse testing dataset sampled from 10 patient recordings. Pulse selection is achieved with an area under the curve of 0.90, whereas the subpeak designation algorithm identifies pulses with a P2/P1 ratio > 1 with 97.3% accuracy. Although it still needs to be evaluated on a larger number of labeled recordings, our automated P2/P1 ratio calculation framework appears to be a promising tool that can be easily embedded into bedside monitoring devices.
Morphofunctional Investigation in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease: Non-Reactive Astrocytes Are Involved in Aβ Load and Reactive Astrocytes in Plaque Build-Up

The term neuroinflammation defines the reactions of astrocytes and microglia to alterations in homeostasis in the diseased central nervous system (CNS), the exacerbation of which contributes to the neurodegenerative effects of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Local environmental conditions, such as the presence of proinflammatory molecules, mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and local cell–cell interactions, are determinants of glial cell phenotypes. In AD, the load of the cytotoxic/proinflammatory amyloid β (Aβ) peptide is a microenvironmental component increasingly growing in the CNS, imposing time-evolving challenges on resident cells. This study aimed to investigate the temporal and spatial variations of the effects produced by this process on astrocytes and microglia, either directly or by interfering in their interactions. Ex vivo confocal analyses of hippocampal sections from the mouse model TgCRND8 at different ages have shown that overproduction of Aβ peptide induced early and time-persistent disassembly of functional astroglial syncytium and promoted a senile phenotype of reactive microglia, hindering Aβ clearance. In the late stages of the disease, these patterns were altered in the presence of Aβ-plaques, surrounded by typically reactive astrocytes and microglia. Morphofunctional characterization of peri-plaque gliosis revealed a direct contribution of astrocytes in plaque buildup that might result in shielding Aβ-peptide cytotoxicity and, as a side effect, in exacerbating neuroinflammation.
Testing transpiration rates of juvenile Aleppo pine trees using the heat ratio method under laboratory conditions

Tree transpiration considerably contributes to evaporative fluxes to the atmosphere in terrestrial ecosystems. Accurate transpiration quantification provides relevant information about forest water use and may benefit adaptive forest management, especially in a global change context. Tree transpiration can be measured by several methods, and sap flow measurements are one of the most valued. However, species‐specific validations of these techniques are required to avoid undesirable bias. This is especially relevant in species with low transpiration rates where errors may be relevant, such as Aleppo pine trees (Pinus halepensis Mill.). Moreover, another significant source of uncertainty in sap flow measurements is probe misalignment. Hence, the aim of this study was to correlate transpiration rates estimated by sap flow probes using the heat ratio method (THRM) and load cells to independently monitor water transpiration in juvenile Aleppo pine trees. The corrections to improve transpiration measures, including misalignment correction, were applied to THRM results to test if the accuracy of results improved. These measurements were recorded in greenhouse under controlled conditions to implement different environmental conditions. The environmental variables that ruled the experiment, mainly vapour pressure deficit and soil water availability, spanned in a wide range of values. The results showed an accurate linear correspondence between TOBS and THRM for low and medium values, but moderate underestimations at high transpiration rates were observed. These underestimations were partly removed when applying probe misalignment correction. This study supports the notion that HRM offers accurate Aleppo pine transpiration estimations with low and medium values under a variety of abiotic conditions, which also has implications for HRM application in other isohydric species. The results also support the interest in the use of probe misalignment correction to estimate transpiration, mainly when high transpiration values are recorded. The results of this study can be considered as a preliminary approach for future research in order to improve the estimates of the transpiration rates of the Aleppo pine under the limiting conditions of the Mediterranean.
Effect of the pandemic on prehospital management of patients with mental and behavioral disorders: a retrospective cohort study

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the accompanying coronavirus disease (Covid-19) have shifted the priority of human and technical resources toward their handling, thus affecting the usual standards of care for populations diagnosed with other clinical entities. The phenomenon becomes even more apparent in patients with presenting symptoms of mental and behavioral disorders, a category already vulnerable and underrepresented in regard to its prehospital approach and management. For the purposes of the current retrospective cohort study, we used records of the Polish National Emergency Medical Service Command Support System for the time period between April 1, 2019 and April 30, 2021, the official register of medical interventions delivered in Poland by Emergency Medical Services (EMS). We aimed to examine the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across the Masovian Voivodeship on individuals seeking medical care for mental and behavioral disorders pertaining in the “F” category of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10). We examined the individuals’ baseline characteristics, prehospital vital parameters and EMS processing times in a population of 59,651 adult patients (04/2019–03/2020, 28,089 patients, 04/2020–03/2021, 31,562 patients) handled by EMS teams. Compared to pre-COVID-19, EMS personnel handled fewer patients, but more patients required mental and behavioral care. Throughout the duration of the pandemic, all prehospital time periods were significantly delayed due to the increased time needed to prepare crew, vehicles, and technical equipment to ensure COVID-19 prevention and overcrowding in Emergency Departments (EDs).
Quality attributes of dehydrated pear (Pyrus communis L.) as affected by conventional and novel blanching techniques

ABSTRACT A study was conducted to assess the impact of different blanching methods and blanching time on the quality of dried pear slices. Pears are only available seasonally, making the production of high-quality dried slices a valuable commodity. The pears were prepared and sliced before being blanched using three different methods: traditional blanching with hot water, blanching with steam, and microwave blanching for varying lengths of time. After blanching, the slices were cooled and then placed on filter papers to dry. The dried slices were then evaluated for chemical properties, such as sugars, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, Brix/acid ratio, ash content, and moisture content. Sensory properties such as color, taste, texture, and overall acceptability were also evaluated using a 9-point hedonic scale. The data generated were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the significant differences between variables. The results showed that the blanching method used had a non-significant effect (p < .05) on the chemical properties of the pear slices, such as total sugars (reducing and non-reducing), total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, Brix/acid ratio, ash content, and moisture content. However, there was no significant effect on the sensory properties of color, texture, taste, and overall acceptability. In conclusion, blanching is an effective technique for preventing microbial growth and chemical and enzymatic reactions that can lead to the deterioration of dried pear slices. It also helps to remove moisture without adversely affecting the physicochemical and sensory quality attributes of the final product.