Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polarimetric bistatic-measurement facility for point and distributed targets

A fully polarimetric bistatic-radar facility has been constructed at the University of Michigan, to serve as a research tool for improved understanding of the nature of bistatic scattering for point and distributed targets. The facility is capable of operation at 10, 35, and 94 GHz, but only the 10-GHz system is described in the presentation. To meet both the size and design constraints both a horn antenna operating in the far-field, and a parabolic-dish antenna operating in a near-field focused mode, are utilized. A newly developed bistatic-calibration technique, using a flat metal plate, is used to calibrate the facility. Validation results, using a hemisphere over a conducting metal plate, show that the facility is capable of characterizing the radar cross section of a point target to within /spl plusmn/1 dB in magnitude and /spl plusmn/5/spl deg/ in polarization phase difference over a wide range of bistatic angles. Sample data for a point target and a distributed target are presented.
COORDINATION OF BASKETBALL SHOOTING MOVEMENT OF DIFFERENT SKILL LEVEL PLAYERS

Shooting baskets requires a multi-segment coordination. How basketball players control the multiple joints in order to perform accurate and stable shots is an important issue in basketball training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the movements during basketball shooting for players of different skill level and at different distances from the basket. The goal is to gain a better understanding of the shooting movement. Three basketball players of different skill levels participated in the study. Starting from the penalty line, each participant had to perform 6 shots at 20 cm increments at a distance of up to 200 cm behind the 3-point line. Sixteen active LEDs were placed on the joints of the participants to examine the kinematic characteristics of the shooting movements. The results show that the lower limbs are responsible for the shooting distance whereas the movements of the upper limbs are related to fine tuning of the shooting movements. The results also support the hypothesis of freezing and freeing degrees of freedom at different skill levels in multiple degrees of freedom tasks. A temporal characteristic of the basketball shooting movement is also identified for all shooting distances.
Criticism of the health assessment in the ICNIRP guidelines for radiofrequency and microwave radiation (100 kHz - 300 GHz)

Dr Cherry was invited by the Ministry of Health/ Ministry for the Environment of New Zealand to carry out a peer-review of the proposal to adopt the ICNIRP guidelines for cell sites in New Zealand, in November 1999. The ICNIRP guidelines were covered by a published assessment in 1998. This review shows that the assessment had ignored all published studies showing chromosome damage. It was highly selective, biased and very dismissive of the genotoxic evidence and the epidemiological evidence of cancer effects and reproductive effects. The assessment gives the strong impression of being predetermined in the belief that the only effects were from high exposures that cause electric shocks and acute exposures that cause tissue heating. For, example, they cite two studies saying that they do not show any significant increased effects of Brain/CNS cancer from microwave exposures when the actual published papers, Grayson (1996) and Beall et al. (1996), both do show significant increases of Brain/CNS cancer.
Efficacy of Some Insecticides Against Okra Fruit Borer, Earias spp. and leafroller, Sylepta derogata Fab.

Efficacy of some insecticides viz., thiomethoxam, imidacloprid both @ 25 g a.i./ha and a combination product rocket (profenophos + cypermethrin) @ 440 g a.i./ha was studied along with conventional insecticides like dimethoate @ 300 g a.i./ha, cypermethrin @ 100 g a.i./ha, profenophos @ 500 g a.i./ha and a neem product azadirachtin @ 3 g a.i./ha against the fruit borer, Earias spp. and leafroller, Sylepta derogata of okra. The results revealed that significantly better control of the fruit borer and leafroller were obtained with the application of cypermethrin, profenphos and profenophos + cypermethrin. The decrease in % fruit borer infestation with these three treatments ranged from 70.5–76.8 over control. The healthy fruit yield recorded significantly the highest (51.75–55.37 q/ha) with these treatments over other treatments and control (45.23 q/ha). The % increase in fruit yield was the highest (22.4%) with profenophos + cypermethrin over control which was at par with profenophos (16.0%) and cypermethrin (14.4%). Cypermethrin, profenophos, profenophos + cypermethrin and azadirachtin proved significantly effective in controlling the leafroller with least % leafroller infestation (1.2–2.0%) compared to control (12.4%).
Torque Ripple minimization of vector controlled VSI Induction Motor Drive using Neuro-Fuzzy Controller

This paper presents Neuro-fuzzy based Torque controller for indirect vector controlled VSI fed induction motor drive. The proposed controller significantly reduces the torque ripple compared to that of conventional PI controllers without using filter. The performance of the vector controlled induction motor drive has been simulated with and without loading conditions using the Neuro-fuzzy controller and the results are compared with PI controller. Additionally, a SVPWM algorithm in which the calculation of switching times proportional to the instantaneous values of the reference phase voltages is used. It eliminates the need the calculation of sector and angle information.
Tourist loyalty to hot springs destination: the role of tourist motivation, destination image, and tourist satisfaction

ABSTRACT Natural hot springs tourism is one of the least researched areas in tourism literature. This research aims to observe tourist loyalty to natural hot springs tourism through the roles of tourist motivation, destination image, and tourist satisfaction. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the respondents and a total of 404 valid responses were used for the analysis. The results show that all variables tested have positive and significant effects on tourist destination loyalty. Satisfaction is the most influential variable. Destination image does not directly affect loyalty, but it has a significant indirect effect through satisfaction. Tourist push motivation does not directly influence satisfaction; however, these two variables are indirectly and positively linked by destination image. These findings indicate that tourist satisfaction and the destination image are important variables that contribute to hot springs tourist destination loyalty. Therefore, destination managers should establish a higher tourist satisfaction level to sustain tourist loyalty.
Neck Displacements of Volunteers, BioRID P3 and Hybrid III in Rear Impacts: Implications to Whiplash Assessment by a Neck Displacement Criterion (NDC)

Kinematics of the neck are important biomechanical responses to whiplash in rear impacts. This study evaluates neck displacements of 10 volunteers, BioRID P3 and Hybrid III from JARI sled tests at 8.6 km/h with a standard seat and 9.3 km/h with a rigid seat. Film analysis determined the rotation, and x- and z-displacement of the occipital condyles (OC) with respect to T1. For the volunteers, average and standard deviations were determined and cross-plotted as OC rotation versus x-displacement, and z-versus x-displacement of OC-T1. These responses provide corridors for the natural range of neck motion in rear impacts. For these parameters, BioRID P3 and Hybrid III closely simulate the volunteer neck kinematics. Tests of the Saab SAHR and standard head restraints showed differences in neck displacements that are consistent with field whiplash rates. A Neck Displacement Criterion (NDC) has been proposed to assess whiplash risks. By using the BioRID P3 and Hybrid III responses in sled tests and knowing the field whiplash rates for the Saab SAHR and standard head restraints, initial working targets for NDC are proposed for consideration.
Deprivation

ABSTRACT Widening inequality in the distribution of resources, higher rates of unemployment and deteriorating conditions in the inner cities have concentrated attention in Britain, and elsewhere in Europe, upon the idea and exact meaning of ‘deprivation’. This scientific concept is used extensively not only in the analysis of social conditions but also, in an applied form, as an instrument of policy in allocating resources to particular regions, areas and services. This paper argues that the indicators which are chosen to represent the phenomenon are often unduly restricted and even involve double counting. As a result the distribution and severity of deprivation seems to be seriously misperceived and resources misallocated. A review of the available studies shows how the concept might be treated more coherently in relation to that of poverty.
Assessment of Seismic Structural Damage

Most existing structural seismic damage measures are based either implicitly or explicitly on some measure of the maximum ductility attained or desired, or on peak acceleration. In this paper, two completely new damage measures are described, one based on the concept of equivalent hysteretic cycles of deformation and the second on concepts derived from low-cycle fatigue theory. When combined, these techniques permit one to evaluate damage based not only on ductility principles, but also on the repetitive cyclic nature of the deformation response. Examples of the applicability of the damage measures are presented herein through comparisons with published experimental data, in which the recorded responses include hysteretic behavior. Two other types of possible applications also are demonstrated; namely construction, of response spectra for representing nonlinear effects, and a tentative new approach to building code drift limits. Other applications are obvious, such as evaluating remaining margins of strength. It is believed that the simplicity of the approaches, when adapted to specific applications, will make them especially attractive in the future for applications in practice as well as for research purposes.
Study on the Impacts of Peaking Factors on a Water Distribution System in Germany

This paper aims to explore the impacts of peaking factors on a water distribution system designed for a small city in Germany through model-based analysis. As a case study, the water distribution network was modelled by EPANET and then two specific studies were carried out. The first study tested corresponding system-wide influences on water age and energy consumption if the peaking factors used at design stage are inconsistent with ones in real situation. The second study inspected the possible relationship between the choice of peaking factors and budgets by comparing several different pipe configurations of the distribution system, obtained according to variety of peaking factors. Given the analysis results, the first study reveals that average water age will increase if peaking factors estimated at design stage are larger than real values in that specific system, and vice versa. In contrast, energy consumption will increase if peaking factors defined for system design are smaller than ones in real case, and vice versa. According to the second study, it might be possible to amplify peaking factors for design dramatically by a slight increase in the investment on this system. However, further study on budget estimation with more factors and detailed information considered should be carried out.
Impact Of Model Simplification On Energy And Comfort Analysis For Dwellings

Carrying out building energy simulations is a valuable part of a decision-making process which helps designers to evaluate various building design options and their impact 011 energy consumption. However, it is also time consuming. This became even more obvious when many models have to be created, either as a part of an iterative design process, or for studying energy requirements (and implementation of potential energy conservation measures) of a housing stock. Model simplifications can mitigate this issue. One of the simplifications is to remove internal partitions (zoning) and to treat a single floor as a single zone. I11 the domestic houses, single floor can be treated either as a lounge or as a bedroom since these are two dominant zones where occupants spend the most of their time. The impact of a model simplification 011 dwellings heating demand, operational carbon emission, overheating risk and collective overheating risk is analysed in this paper. Copyright © 2011 by IPAC'11/EPS-AG.
Incorporating Road Safety into Pavement Management

Improving road safety through proper pavement engineering and maintenance should be one of the major objectives of pavement management systems. When pavements are evaluated in terms of safety, a number of factors related to pavement engineering properties are raised, such as pavement geometric design, paving materials and mix design, pavement surface properties, shoulder type, and pavement color and visibility. Each year there are voluminous annual reports on traffic accident statistics and discussions of such road safety issues as road safety modeling and pavement safety measurements and criteria. Although road safety may be considered a separate area, it should be incorporated into pavement management systems. The main pavement engineering relationships associated with road safety are identified, and the various aspects of road safety related to pavement management, such as pavement types, pavement surface macrotexture and microtexture, and pavement safety measurements, criteria, and evaluation methods, are discussed. A systematic approach is proposed for the coordination of pavement maintenance programs with road safety improvement and the incorporation or integration of safety management with pavement and other management systems. Finally, a list of possible remedial measures for road safety improvements associated with pavement maintenance activities is recommended.
The TCRC Report on Trends in the Flight Catering Industry 2008

This report provides a general overview of practitioner’s opinions on six external issues and 15 industry trends currently affecting the flight catering industry. The study drew data that was collected through an online survey following the ITCA Trade Show and Conference in Nice, France: February 13-15th, 2008. The basis for data analysis for this study is the sector of the industry and office location of the respondents which represent the four major sectors of the industry from around the world: Europe, America, Asia Pacific, Middle East & Africa, and also four sectors of the industry: airlines, caterers, food suppliers and non-food suppliers.
Immune checkpoint proteins CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 in melanoma as predictive biomarkers to guide clinical decisions

Background CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 are potential targets in cancer immunotherapy. However, to predict patients who are likely to respond to treatment with PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 blockers still remains a challenge. Unfortunately, it is often ignored that CTLA-4 exists also in cells other than lymphocytes. This study aimed to assess the expression and diagnostic significance of predictive biomarkers for melanoma. Methods To address this issue, we performed an immunophenotyping of CTLA4/PD1/PD-L1-positive cells in melanoma employing multiple immunofluorescent immunolabeling. For immunolabeling, we used primary antibodies to PD-1 and PD-L1, a panel of anti–CTLA-4 antibodies of different clones and a panel of CD antibodies against diverse cell types (CD1a, CD3, CD8 and CD68). Results In contrast to the currently accepted view, immunolabeling with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies of different clones permitted to reveal CTLA-4 in cells other than lymphocytes. CTLA-4 and PD-L1 are both expressed in the tumor microenvironment cells including antigen-presenting cells ÷ macrophages and dendritic cells. PD-1 is expressed solely in T-lymphocytes. CTLA-4 and PD-L1 in melanoma are not expressed in malignant cells. Conclusion Accordingly, PD-L1 expression by tumor cells cannot serve as a biomarker of clinical response to checkpoint blockade in melanoma immunotherapy, but PD-L1 and CTLA-4 expressed in the tumor microenvironment cells are valuable biomarkers to guide clinical decisions. The expression of CTLA-4 also in cells other than T-lymphocytes suggests the involvement of this molecule in alternative CTLA-4 signaling pathways together with the well-known classical scheme for the regulation of T-lymphocyte activity.
Stochastic optimization of multireservoir operation: The optimal reservoir trajectory approach

The paper presents a new method for determining the optimal operating policy of a power system of several reservoirs in series. The method, called optimal reservoir trajectory (ORT), is based on the following fact: Raising the level of a reservoir feeding a power plant is profitable as long as the gain due to the higher head is greater than the loss due to the additional spillage. There consequently exists a reservoir level at time t at which the expected energy generation is maximized. The task of ORT is to find this level and use it to operate the reservoir. The problem is more complicated for several reservoirs in series since the optimal level of each reservoir is a function of the levels of all the other reservoirs. The paper shows how to solve this problem and presents the results obtained for systems of two, three, and seven reservoirs. The results for the systems of two and three reservoirs are compared with those obtained with stochastic dynamic programming.
Modular microfluidic systems using reversibly attached PDMS fluid control modules

The use of soft lithography-based poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) valve systems is the dominating approach for high-density microscale fluidic control. Integrated systems enable complex flow control and large-scale integration, but lack modularity. In contrast, modular systems are attractive alternatives to integration because they can be tailored for different applications piecewise and without redesigning every element of the system. We present a method for reversibly coupling hard materials to soft lithography defined systems through self-aligning O-ring features thereby enabling easy interfacing of complex-valve-based systems with simpler detachable units. Using this scheme, we demonstrate the seamless interfacing of a PDMS-based fluid control module with hard polymer chips. In our system, 32 self-aligning O-ring features protruding from the PDMS fluid control module form chip-to-control module interconnections which are sealed by tightening four screws. The interconnection method is robust and supports complex fluidic operations in the reversibly attached passive chip. In addition, we developed a double-sided molding method for fabricating PDMS devices with integrated through-holes. The versatile system facilitates a wide range of applications due to the modular approach, where application specific passive chips can be readily attached to the flow control module.
Effect of Personal and Situational Variables on Noise Annoyance: with Special Reference to Implications for En Route Noise

Over 680 publications from 282 social surveys of residents' reactions to environmental noise have been examined to locate 495 published findings on 26 topics concerning non-noise explanations for residents' reactions to environmental noise. This report (1) tabulates the evidence on the 26 response topics, (2) identifies the 495 findings, and (3) discusses the implications for en route noise assessment. After controlling for noise level, over half of the social survey evidence indicates that noise annoyance is not strongly affected by any of the nine demographic variables examined (age, sex, social status, income, education, homeownership, type of dwelling, length of residence, or receipt of benefits from the noise source), but is positively associated with each of the five attitudinal variables examined (a fear of danger from the noise source, a sensitivity towards noise generally, the belief that the authorities can control the noise, the awareness of non-noise impacts of the source, and the belief that the noise source is not important).
National University Consortium on Microwave Research (NUCOMR)

This paper introduces a new cooperative research program of national scale that is focused on crucial research issues in the development of high energy microwave sources. These have many applications in the DOD and industry. The Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR), in coopertaion with the Phillips Laboratory, the Naval Research Laboratory, and the Army Research Laboratory, has established a tri-service research consortium to investigate novel high energy microwave sources. The program is part of the DODs 'Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative' and will be funded at a rate of $DLR3.0M per year for up to five years. All research performed under this program will be unclassified. Under its auspices, HPM scientists at nine US universities will be attacking twenty-two separate research projects under the leadership of Neville Luhmann at UC-Davis, Victor Granatstein at Maryland, Magne Kristiansen at Texas Tech, Edl Schamiloglu at New Mexico, John Nation at Cornell, Ned Birdsall at UC-Berkeley, George Caryotakis at Standord, Ronald Gilgenbach at Michigan, and Anthony Lin at UCLA. To facilitate the rapid transition of research results into the industrial community, formal collaborative subcontracts are already in place with James Benford at Physics International, Carter Armstrong at Northrop, and Glen Huffman at Varian Associates. Although this new program officially only came into existence in mid-March of this year, it builds on over a decade of microwave research efforts funded by the plasma physics office at AFOSR. It also is synergistic with the ongoing Tri-Service Vacuum Electronics Initiative led by Robert Parker of NRL as well as with the AFOSR's and Rome Laboratory's long standing Advanced Thermionic Research Initiative. An overview will be given of the broad spectrum of research objectives encompassed by NUCOMR. Areas of collaboration and technology transfer will be highlighted. The areas in which the three university consortia will conduct research are described, and the connectivity to industry and to the DOD laboratories are discussed. There are a number of critical technical barriers to reaching the desired goals for high power and high energy sources. These are discussed and the planned focus of research to resolve them is also presented.
Remodelling the Global Development Landscape: the China Model and South–South cooperation in Latin America

Abstract China's explosive growth and growing international influence have prompted policy makers and scholars to question how that country will reshape the global development landscape. While Western observers have used the concept of the China Model to describe China's development strategies and the potential threat they pose to Western liberal traditions, Chinese policy makers have promoted South–South cooperation to emphasise China's goal of a harmonious world order based on nation-state sovereignty and mutual benefits. This article explores these two competing organising principles with a focus on how each concept frames global development politics and China's relations with its development partners. Drawing on ethnographic research on China's new relationship with Costa Rica, I examine the assumptions and effects of these concepts in terms of how they shape specific development encounters. These examples suggest the intransigence of historical development inequalities and identities, which both support and limit China's global impact in significant ways.