Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relation of Crown Failure Load to Flexural Strength for Three Contemporary Dental Polymers

Polymeric materials show great promise for use in a variety of dental applications. Manufacturers generally provide flexural strength information based on standardized (ISO and ASTM) specimen dimensions and loading conditions. It is not clear, however, if flexural strength data are predictive of the clinical performance of dental crowns. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to determine whether flexural strengths, as measured via three-point bending (3PB), would be predictive of failure loads assessed via crunch-the-crown (CTC) tests. Three brands of polymers (Trilor, Juvora, and Pekkton) were fabricated into rectangular bars and fully contoured crowns (10 specimens of each polymer brand, 30 specimens of each shape). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and burn off tests were used to characterize/confirm the materials. Bars were tested blindly in 3PB to determine flexural strength, and crowns were CTC-tested to determine failure load after luting to resin abutments. The statistical significance of the test results was evaluated via one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05) and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, while regression analysis was used to test for a correlation between 3PB and CTC results. The fracture mechanisms and failure surface characteristics were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the mean crown failure loads (Trilor (7033 N) > Juvora (5217 N) > Pekkton (3023 N)) and mean flexural strengths of the bars (Trilor (468 MPa) > Juvora (197 MPa) = Pekkton (192 MPa)). The mode of crown fracture was different between the materials and included deformation (Juvora), ductile-to-brittle fracture (Pekkton), and a combination of cracks and deformation (Trilor). Flexural strengths did not correlate with the corresponding crown failure loads for any of the materials tested. These results suggest that dental practitioners should not rely on the flexural strengths reported from three-point bending tests, as advertised by the manufacturer, to predict the performance of polymeric crowns.
A magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the bifurcation of tail lobes during intervals with a northward interplanetary magnetic field

The interaction of the solar wind with the Earth's magnetosphere during a northward interplanetary magnetic field was studied by using a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model. For a northward interplanetary magnetic field of 5 nT, the plasma sheer thickens near the noon-midnight meridian plane. When projected onto the polar cap this appears as a narrow channel extending from midnight towards noon. This plasma pattern is associated with three pairs of convection cells. The high latitude sunward convection and northern B/sub z/ Birkeland current are caused by magnetic merging in the polar region.
Microbiological and physico-chemical changes during fermentation of maize for masa production

Samples of traditionally fermenting maize meal popularly called masa were collected from local producers of masa in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria and were analysed for pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), microbiological changes and proximate analysis. The sensory properties (colour, texture, taste, sourness, appearance and general acceptability) were also carried out on a nine point hedonic scale. The values obtained were compared with the starter culture fermenting maize meal prepared in the laboratory. The physico-chemical changes during the traditional and the laboratory prepared fermenting maize meal were observed at 6 h interval during the fermentation process. There was decrease in pH; the pH of the traditional fermenting maize meal ranged between 5.98 ± 0.27 to 3.95 ± 0.05 while the pH of the laboratory prepared fermenting maize meal ranged between 6.4 ± 0.36 to 4.3 ± 0.03. There was increase in TTA during the fermentation period; in the traditional fermenting maize meal the TTA ranged between 0.144 ± 0.02 to 0.792 ± 0.08 and it ranged between 0.054 ± 0.02 to 0.252 ± 0.00 in the laboratory fermenting maize meal. Microorganisms associated with the traditional fermentation of masa wereLactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus fermentum andSaccharomyces cerevisiae. In all the fermenting maize meal samples collected and the laboratory prepared maize meal samples inoculated with starter organisms, an increase in the microbial load counts (log10cfu/ml) was observed as the fermentation time progresses, 3.02 to 6.41 (on De Mann Rogosa-Sharpe agar), 2.99 to 3.62 (on malt extract agar), 4.18 to 7.00 (on nutrient agar) during the traditional fermentation, in the laboratory prepared maize meal samples inoculated with starter organisms, the microbial load counts (log10cfu/ml) ranged between 4.01 to 9.05. The laboratory prepared maize meal samples inoculated with starter organisms only showed minimal changes in their proximate composition as compared with the traditionally fermented samples collected. The statistical analysis of the sensory attributes revealed consumer’s acceptance of the product inoculated with the starter organisms. Key words: Proximate analysis, TTA, physico-chemical changes, masa, starter organisms.
Socio-Economic Profiles of Communities Adjacent to Tanga Marine Reserve Systems, Tanzania: Key Ingredients to General Management Planning

The aim of the present study was to appraise socio-economic profiles and dependence on coastal and marine resources of communities adjacent to the newly established Tanga Marine Reserve systems (TMRs) as a key element that will inform development of a General Management Plan (GMP) for the reserves. Establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been sought as viable measures to prevent coastal and marine resources degradation whilst ensuring viable livelihoods options for local communities. A total of 140 household interviews and seven semi-structured key informant in-depth interviews were administered in seven representative villages. Fishing (inclusive of fish vending) and agriculture were common occupations, which quite often overlapped. The limitations to community development were rooted in lack of modern equipment and technological advancement for fisheries and agriculture. These emanated from limited access to capital and markets. Illiteracy was also implicated in the deterioration of livelihoods in most households. Household expenditure to income ratio indicated that, household budgets are vulnerable to deficits and that rival and recurrent expense items like food drew the majority of household income. Enhancement and diversification of livelihoods occupations is one of viable management strategies to be incorporated into the GMP for TMRs because predominant fishers may gradually shift to off-fishing occupations. A robust transition is therefore pertinent. Some of the eminent examples for consideration as alternative sources of income are suggested.
Knowledge Management Using Storytelling with Infographics to Develop Creativity of Undergraduate Students

Creativity is one of the most marketable skills in the digital age. The main purpose of this study is to explore and enhance the creativity of undergraduate students through knowledge management using storytelling with infographics. In this study, an experiment was conducted with 40 third- and fourth-year students from various majors of the Faculty of Arts at Silpakorn University. All participants had enrolled in the Multimedia Design and Production course. A one-group quasi-experiment with a pretest and posttest design was used. Several instruments were employed, including a creativity assessment form, a self-creativity assessment form, an infographic assessment form, and an infographic design attitudes questionnaire. Initially, participants were asked to complete the self-creativity assessment form and the creativity assessment form. During the sessions, all participants were taught using storytelling with infographics. After they finished designing the infographics, the instructor assessed the students’ work using a rubric for infographic assessment. Additionally, students evaluated their own work. At the end of the course, the students were asked to retake the self-creativity assessment form and creativity assessment form. The results showed that students’ creativity scores were significantly higher in all components (e.g., originality, fluency, flexibility, and elaboration). Moreover, most students received average scores in infographic design at the advanced level. However, students were found to lack confidence and courage in expressing diverging ideas. This highlights the challenges for instructors and learning designers in researching and developing suitable and effective methods to boost students’ confidence and encourage thinking outside the box.
Microglia Depletion Attenuates the Pro-Resolving Activity of the Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Agonist AMS21 Related to Inhibition of Inflammasome NLRP3 Signalling Pathway: A Study of Organotypic Hippocampal Cultures

Microglial cells have been demonstrated to be significant resident immune cells that maintain homeostasis under physiological conditions. However, prolonged or excessive microglial activation leads to disturbances in the resolution of inflammation (RoI). Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) is a crucial player in the RoI, interacting with various ligands to induce distinct conformational changes and, consequently, diverse biological effects. Due to the poor pharmacokinetic properties of endogenous FPR2 ligands, the aim of our study was to evaluate the pro-resolving effects of a new ureidopropanamide agonist, compound AMS21, in hippocampal organotypic cultures (OHCs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, to assess whether AMS21 exerts its action via FPR2 specifically located on microglial cells, we conducted a set of experiments in OHCs depleted of microglial cells using clodronate. We demonstrated that the protective and anti-inflammatory activity of AMS21 manifested as decreased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), nitric oxide (NO), and proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 release evoked by LPS in OHCs. Moreover, in LPS-stimulated OHCs, AMS21 treatment downregulated NLRP3 inflammasome-related factors (CASP1, NLRP3, PYCARD) and this effect was mediated through FPR2 because it was blocked by the FPR2 antagonist WRW4 pre-treatment. Importantly this beneficial effect of AMS21 was only observed in the presence of microglial FPR2, and absent in OHCs depleted with microglial cells using clodronate. Our results strongly suggest that the compound AMS21 exerts, at nanomolar doses, protective and anti-inflammatory properties and an FPR2 receptor located specifically on microglial cells mediates the anti-inflammatory response of AMS21. Therefore, microglial FPR2 represents a promising target for the enhancement of RoI.
Synthetic Aperture Radar (L band) and Optical Vegetation Indices for Discriminating the Brazilian Savanna Physiognomies: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract The all-weather capability, signal independence to the solar illumination angle, and response to 3D vegetation structures are the highlights of active radar systems for natural vegetation mapping and monitoring. However, they may present significant soil background effects. This study addresses a comparative analysis of the performance of L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data and optical vegetation indices (VIs) for discriminating the Brazilian cerrado physiognomies. The study area was the Brasilia National Park, Brazil, one of the test sites of the Large-Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere (LBA) experiment in Amazonia. Seasonal Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 (JERS-1) SAR backscatter coefficients (σ°) were compared with two vegetation indices [normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI)] over the five most dominant cerrados’ physiognomies plus gallery forest. In contrast to the VIs, σ° from dry and wet seasons did not change significantly, indicating primar.
Title of Document: WINTER MORTALITY OF THE BLUE CRAB (CALLINECTES SAPIDUS) IN THE

Title of Document: WINTER MORTALITY OF THE BLUE CRAB (CALLINECTES SAPIDUS) IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY Laurie J. Bauer, Master of Science, 2006 Directed By: Dr. Thomas J. Miller Marine, Estuarine, and Environmental Sciences Over its range, the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is exposed to a wide range of environmental conditions. At mid-latitudes, within its range, overwintering mortality may play an important role in regulating local blue crab populations. A 121-day 2x2x2 factorial experiment was used to test for the effects of temperature (3°C, 5°C), salinity (10, 25) and sediment (sediment, no sediment) on survival. An accelerated failure time model was fit to the survival data. Time to death significantly increased with increasing temperature, salinity, and crab size. I applied a temperature and salinity-dependent survival model to empirical temperature and salinity data to explore spatial and interannual patterns in overwintering mortality in the Chesapeake Bay. Predicted survival was highest in the warmer, saline waters of the lower Bay and decreased with increasing latitude. There was also significant interannual variation in that predicted survival was lowest after the severe winters of 1996 and 2003. WINTER MORTALITY OF THE BLUE CRAB (CALLINECTES SAPIDUS) IN CHESAPEAKE BAY
Recognition of intermediates in the possible transformation of halloysite to kaolinite in weathering profiles

Abstract The kaolin minerals in lateritic weathering profiles on dolerite and granite in Western Australia have been characterized by intercalation tests for halloysites, and also by their particle morphologies. Towards the surface of the profiles there is a decrease in both total kaolin mineral content, and in the expandibility of those minerals to intercalation. Tubular kaolinite that is non-expandible by any of the intercalation tests for halloysite was identified in the upper few metres of both profiles. Hydrated halloysite is most common at the base of both profiles. Formamide expands some anhydrous kaolin minerals while the sequence of hydrazine/water/glycerol (HWG) expands more of these minerals. Non-tubular (subhedral to sub-hexagonal platy) kaolinite is also present. Hydrated tubular halloysite apparently alters to tubular kaolinite via dehydrated halloysite that is expandible by formamide and a tubular ‘kaolin’ that is expandible by HWG but not by formamide.
AAPG Studies in Geology No. 48 / SEG Geophysical References Series No. 11, Chapter 5: High-resolution Ground-magnetic (HRGM) and Radiometric Surveys for Hydrocarbon Exploration: Six Case Histories in Western Canada

In Western Canada, and probably elsewhere around the world, "magnetically enhanced zones" above microseeping hydrocarbon reservoirs can exhibit distinctive magnetic signatures that are characteristic of the reservoir. These distinctive magnetic signatures have proven to be invaluable for hydrocarbon exploration, and we have achieved 85% exploration success using ground-based magnetic and radiometric techniques in Western Canada. Differences in timing and duration of microseepage and differences in composition and pressure of the microseeping hydrocarbon gases from separate petroleum systems probably control the magnetic mineralogy, magnetic grain-size distributions, magnetic susceptibility, and natural remanent magnetization (NRM) directions in the magnetically enhanced zones. Together, these differences can yield diagnostic "residual" (remanent + induced) short-spatial-wavelength magnetic anomalies above different reservoirs.
For My Own Sake: The Role of Personal Relevance in Information Seeking

To test whether the risk information seeking and processing model performs consistently when a risk is viewed at different levels of personal relevance, this study focuses on the context of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination. Results from an experimental survey (N = 1,323) indicate that informational subjective norms play a bigger role when PFAS contamination is portrayed as having lower relevance to participants. Moreover, trust in government and trust in science are associated with information seeking only in the low relevance condition. Finally, the different results of worry and anxiety suggest a need to better understand discrete emotions’ impact on information seeking.
Collaborative Learning in Higher Education in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research

The goal of this study is to determine the variables and difficulties that contribute to collaborative learning at tertiary institutions during the fourth industrial revolution and future research gaps. This study employs a systematic literature review to summarise and provide a comprehensive understanding of collaborative learning. The systematic literature review process used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) technique between 2008 and 2022, supported by NVivo and Microsoft Excel. A systematic literature review, which is an appropriate method for strengthening research issues and gaps, was conducted with 61 papers. It should be noted that this manuscript only presents work from the Scopus database with journal criteria. This study has identified six factors related to collaborative learning in tertiary institutions in the fourth industrial revolution era including Task & Context, Environment, Social, Technology, Teacher, and Learner. This study presents a comprehensive literature assessment of collaborative learning in tertiary institutions during the fourth industrial revolution in order to acquire a clear grasp of its importance and application in higher education. Furthermore, Several higher education models have adopted the online-based collaborative learning paradigm, according to the study's findings.
Writing retreats as spaces to create Indigenous postgraduate research communities of practice

Publish or perish is the cautionary aphorism reminding academics to produce academic work for career longevity. For communities historically excluded from tertiary institutions, this aphorism can also signify a responsibility to ensure their voices are heard. Tertiary institutions recognise the importance of fostering productive writing opportunities; and writing retreats are a valuable approach. This article demonstrates the importance of writing retreats from the perspective of Indigenous postgraduate scholars in Australia. Two writing retreats were held off-campus in 2018–2019. To identify the impact of the writing retreats, we (the participants in the retreat) used an active participatory approach to explore our experiences using data collected from Yarning circles and written critical self-reflections. We identified three key themes: (1) writing retreats as supportive spaces for academic writing, (2) the development of an ongoing community of practice and (3) the importance of managing cultural risk in Indigenous programs. The findings demonstrate the importance of providing culturally grounded opportunities that support Indigenous scholarship.
Nitrogen fertilizer affects the cooking quality and starch properties of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)

Abstract Nitrogen has a critical influence on the yield and quality of proso millet. However, the exact impact of nitrogen on the cooking quality of proso millet is not clear. In this study, the cooking quality and starch properties of two proso millet varieties (waxy‐Shaanxi millet [wSM] variety and non‐waxy‐Shaanxi millet [nSM] variety) were compared and analyzed under nitrogen fertilizer treatment (N150, 150 kg/hm2) and a control group without nitrogen application (N0, 0 kg/hm2). Compared with the N0 group, the N150 treatment significantly increased protein content, amylose levels, and total yield. Employing rapid visco analyser and differential scanning calorimetry analyses, we observed that under the N150 treatment, the peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity of proso millet powder were diminished, while the setback viscosity and enthalpy values (ΔH) increased. In addition, nitrogen treatment increased the solids content in the obtained rice soup and significantly hardened the texture of the rice. At the same time, we noticed that the absorption capacity of starch in water and oil was enhanced. These results showed that nitrogen fertilizer had significant effects on the cooking quality and starch properties of proso millet.
Biota in the terminal Proterozoic successions on the Indian subcontinent: a review

Abstract On the Indian subcontinent, Late Proterozoic rocks form part of a continuous sequence grading into Cambrian, postdating the Sturtian glaciation (Cryogenian) and terminated by the Xingkaian/Pan African Orogeny (Late Cambrian). These sequences are restricted to the northwestern part of the Indian Shield, are overlain by Cenozoic sediments of the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and rest unconformably on the oldest platform sequences (Meso—Cryogenian) in many parts of the Lesser and Tethys/Higher Himalaya. Of these, the succession in the Krol Belt, Lesser Himalaya, divided into Baliana, Krol and Tal Groups, is fossiliferous. Changes in faunal composition of acritarchs and cyanobacteria are recorded in the upper part of the Baliana Group, as is the appearance and extinction of forms assigned to the Ediacara fauna in the overlying Krol. Such biotic change is accompanied by a significant depletion in δ13C values in the ‘cap carbonates’. Another δ13C depletion is recorded in the upper part of the Krol Group along with appearance of spiny acanthomorphic acritarchs, scaphomorphs and hercomorphs, small shelly fossils, a variety of Early Cambrian trace fossils and trilobites in the overlying Tal Group. A review of biota reported from the oldest platform sediments (Vindhyan Supergroup, Karnool, Bhima Groups) suggests a Meso-Cryogenian (pre-Sturtian glaciation) age.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life 36-Item Survey Instrument (KDQOL-36): A Comparison Between Older and Younger Adults Receiving Dialysis

Medicare requires that dialysis units assess quality of life in all patients annually using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life 36-item survey instrument (KDQOL-36). However, whether the KDQOL-36 is a valid instrument for older adults receiving dialysis is not known. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the KDQOL-36 in both older and younger patients receiving dialysis. We used KDQOL-36 item responses from a nationally representative sample of 3500 older (≥ 75 years) and 500 younger (ages 21 to 74 years) patients receiving dialysis in 2012. We assessed subscale means, ceiling/floor effects, internal consistency reliability, and construct validity. Results demonstrated that the KDQOL-36 has comparable reliability and validity in older and younger adults receiving dialysis.