Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF CONTROLLED DIETS ENRICHED WITH ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID, EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID OR DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID ON SOLUBLE ADHESION MOLECULES AND ENDOTHELIN-1 CONCENTRATIONS IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS

The consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may protect against atherosclerotic diseases, and the blood concentrations of soluble cellular adhesion molecules (sCAMs) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) possibly reflect the inflammatory processes underlying atherosclerosis. However, knowledge of the differential effects of dietary n-3 fatty acids on markers of inflammation is incomplete. Our aim was to compare the effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on serum levels of soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and plasma levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1). Therefore, a randomized strictly controlled dietary study in 48 healthy volunteers (mean age 25.9 years) with three dietary groups and a parallel design, consisting of two consecutive periods was conducted. Subjects received a 2- week wash-in diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids followed by experimental diets enriched with equal amounts of ALA, EPA, or DHA for 3 weeks. The concentrations of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin, as well as ET-1, did not significantly change after consuming the ALA-, EPA- or DHA-diet. In conclusion, in healthy young subjects without established cardiovascular risk factors and under the condition of a three- week intervention period, neither ALA nor EPA nor DHA significantly affected levels of sCAM or ET-1.
New Records for the Myxobiota of Turkey

Twenty-two Myxomycetes species are new records for Turkey. Protophysaraceae Castillo, Illana & Moreno is a new family record and among these species Collaria arcyrionema (Rost.) Hertel is also a new genus record for the myxobiota of Turkey.
Heterostyly and the possibility of its breakdown by polyploidization

Heterostyly is a genetically controlled sexual polymorphism promoting outcrossing by animal pollinators. The occurrence of heterostyly in angiosperms was investigated, and 199 genera in 28 families in 15 orders were recognized as taxa that contain heterostylous species. A correlation between the occurrence of heterostyly and ploidy level was found in some limited groups in Primulaceae and Rubiaceae. In such taxa, individuals with a lower ploidy level tended to have heterostyly and individuals with a higher ploidy level tended to have monomorphic flowers. It appears reasonable that the first step of the breakdown of heterostyly was the recombination of the supergene in a diploid heterostylous plant, and then poyploidization incidentally occurred. Polyploidization itself does not necessarily appear to have direct effects on the breakdown of heterostyly.
Susceptibility of three Eco-races of tropical Tasar silkworm to Antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (AmCPV)

Pathogenic infection in tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury is common and there is a breed specific response regarding tolerance. Observations reveal the possibility of differential response by haemocytes to microbial infection in different breeds. Hence, the susceptibility of three eco-races of tasar silkworm viz. Daba, Sarihan and Raily to Antheraea mylitta Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus (AmCPV) infection and difference in total haemocyte counts were tested. The survival of Daba, Sarihan and Raily eco-races was significantly different (p < 0.05) when challenged with the same concentration (1 x 105 polyhedra/ml) of AmCPV. Daba eco-race was more tolerant to the AmCPV infection having higher survival (66.7%) and LC50 values (1000893.1796 polyhedra/ml) of AmCPV followed by Sarihan eco-race (50.7% survival and LC50 value of AmCPV 187203.6168 polyhedra/ml.) and Raily eco-race (25.3% survival and LC50 value of AmCPV 5176.37 polyhedra/ml.). Difference in total haemocyte count i.e. higher in tolerant (Daba) and lower in susceptible (Raily) eco-race may be in response to difference to their susceptibility to AmCPV infection.
Primary hyperparathyroidism: diagnostics and surgical management

Primary hyperparathyroidism is an endocrinological pathology of parathyroid glands. Its predominant form is a single parathyroid gland adenoma. We present a case of a 53-year-old patient, who was referred with primary hyperparathyroidism. She underwent ultrasound and sestamibi radionuclide scanning, and was offered surgery. The postoperative histopathological examination proved the presence of parathyroid gland adenoma. Patients managed with primary hyperparathyroidism require preoperative localization of enlarged, usually single parathyroid glands. Diagnostic modalities include ultrasounds, computed tomography scanning, and sestamibi radionuclide scanning. Parathyroidectomy is a recommended treatment modality for each stage of primary hyperparathyroidism, despite organ involvement, severity of hypercalcemia, and parathormone concentration. Significant bone remineralization is observed postoperatively. Preoperative localization of the enlarged parathyroid gland is crucial. Primary hyperparathyroidism requires surgery for definitive treatment. Surgery, although challenging, leads to a cure.
Clutch and egg allometry of the turtle Mauremys leprosa (Chelonia: Geoemydidae) from a polluted peri-urban river in west-central Morocco

We examined the relationships of clutch size (CS) and egg size to female body size (straight-line carapace length, CL) in a population of the turtle Mauremys leprosa from a polluted segment of oued (river) Tensift in arid west-central Morocco. Twenty-eight adult females were collected in May–July, 2009 and all were gravid. Each was weighed, measured, humanely euthanized and then dissected. Oviductal shelled eggs were removed, weighed (egg mass, EM) and measured for length (EL) and width (EW). Clutch mass (CM) was the sum of EM for a clutch. Pelvic aperture width (PAW) was measured at the widest point between the ilia bones through which eggs must pass at oviposition. The smallest gravid female had a CL of 124.0 mm. Mean CS was relatively large (9.7±2.0 eggs, range: 3–13) and may reflect high productivity associated with polluted (eutrophic) waters. Regression analyses were conducted using log-transformed data. CM increased isometrically with maternal body size. CS, EW and EM were all significantly hypoallometric in their relationship with CL. EL did not change significantly with increases in CL. EW increased at a hypoallometric rate with increasing CL but was unconstrained by PAW since the widest egg was smaller than the narrowest PAW measurement when excluding the three smallest females. Smaller females may have EW constrained by PAW. As females increase in size they increase both clutch size and egg width in contradiction to predictions of optimal egg size theory.
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND NATURAL‐AREA PROTECTION: MANAGEMENT RESPONSES AND RESEARCH DIRECTIONS

During the past decade, our understanding of the potential risks that climate change poses to ecosystem function and natural-area protection has increased. Simulation studies of expected changes in species ranges and changes in ecosystem dynamics have indicated that rapidly changing climatic conditions could significantly thwart natural-area protection efforts at a global scale. In response to this potential threat, prescriptive policy and management recommendations have begun to emerge. These management responses include general guidelines for selecting new protected habitats, preemptive actions such as the development of connective corridor systems between protected areas, and active habitat management interventions. At present, many suggested natural-area management responses are only vaguely defined and have yet to be fully tested. To be effective, management responses must now be rigorously assessed with focused and practical ecological analysis. In this overview I examine the current state of resear.
Germination of parsley seeds influenced by mericarps color and internal morphology

The objective of the present study was to establish a relationship between mericarps color and internal morphology of parsley with the germination, using sorting by coloration and the X-ray test. The completely randomized design was used, with four replications per treatment. The treatments were constituted of four lots (A, B, C and D) and three mericarps colors (green, yellow and black) in 4×3 factorial experiment. The mericarps were exposed to X-ray test (60s; 20kV), being used the digital equipment Faxitron X-ray, model MX-20 DC12 and then, the irradiated mericarps were submitted to the germination test. The yellow mericarps showed higher germination and speed germination index. The green mericarps showed deformations and impaired formation of embryo, while black and yellow mericarps showed up without deformation and with a well-formed embryo. We concluded that there is a relationship between parsley seed germination and mericarps color. Poorly formed embryos and misshapened seed coats are related to green mericarps.
Differences in Flow Regime Influence the Seasonal Migrations, Body Size, and Body Condition of Western Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) that Inhabit Perennial and Intermittent Riverine Sites in Northern California

Species inhabiting running waters have evolved life-history strategies and morphological characteristics that allow them to survive in fluctuating river environments. Riverine turtles often have behavioral responses associated with seasonal drying and flooding, and morphological variation that is correlated with physical instream habitat. We compared movement behavior, body size, and body condition of Western Pond Turtles (Actinemys marmorata) under two different flow regimes: a regulated reach with dam-influenced perennial flow and a naturally intermittent reach upstream of the dam. We used radiotelemetry to track the seasonal movements of turtles at both sites and compared body size and condition through data gathered during snorkel surveys. We found that timing of migration was significantly influenced by flow regime. Turtles in the intermittent reach departed the river earlier than those in the perennial reach, and also migrated to the river earlier in the spring. Overall, turtles from the intermittent reach spent less time annually in the water, and adults were significantly smaller and had lower body condition compared to those from the perennial reach. In our study system, a dam converted part of a historically intermittent reach to a perennial one; this apparently had some positive effects, such as increased foraging time, larger body size, and better body condition. However, there may be tradeoffs with regard to habitat quality for rearing juvenile turtles to assure recruitment and persistence of the population.
A Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Levetiracetam and Carbamazepine in the Treatment of Rolandic Seizures in Children: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: This study was performed to investigate whether levetiracetam should be preferred to carbamazepine as a treatment choice for benign childhood epilepsy with centro Temporal spikes (BCECTS), the most common partial epilepsy of childhood. Methods: This randomized clinical trial study included 92 children with rolandic epilepsy aged 4–12 years referred to the Pediatric Neurology Clinic at Imam Hossein Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, from April 2019 to January 2020. Patients were selected consecutively and randomly assigned to two study groups (levetiracetam and carbamazepine groups). Patients were followed and revisited every 2 months for 6 months after starting the medication. The frequency and duration of seizure attacks and drug side effects were recorded before treatment and in bi-monthly visits. Data were analyzed by SPSS software Version 24 using Mann–Whitney U- test and Friedman test. Findings: In our study, the seizure frequency decrease was not significantly different between the two groups; however, patients in both groups showed significantly lower seizure frequency in 2, 4, and 6 months of follow-up compared to starting time. After a follow-up for 6 months, one out of 47 (2.1%) patients using levetiracetam showed intolerance, resulting in changing the medication. In addition, two out of 48 (4.1%) patients in the carbamazepine group had skin rashes. No significant changes had been reported regarding the duration of seizure attacks in both groups after treatment. Conclusion: This study showed encouraging results for using levetiracetam, with acceptable results and fewer side effects for the treatment of children with BCECTS in Iran.
Comparative Evaluation of Hair, Fingernails, and Toenails as Biomarkers of Fluoride Exposure: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The increased prevalence of fluorosis has led to a search for biomarkers of fluoride exposure. Among the biomarkers of sub-chronic exposure to fluoride, hair, fingernails, and toenails have the advantage of being noninvasively collected, easily transported, and stored. Objective: The objective of this study was to comparatively evaluate coronal hair, fingernails, and toenails as biomarkers of fluoride exposure from drinking water; the study was designed as a population-based observational cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: A population-based observational cross-sectional study was conducted in 60 children (20 subjects per group) of ages 12–17 years in three villages of Nilakottai block, Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu, India (Thomaspuram, Bangalapatti, and Singampatti). The fluoride concentration in the household drinking water was analyzed and compared with the fluoride content in the coronal hair, fingernail, and toenail clippings, which was estimated by potentiometric method (fluoride-ion-selective electrode) and expressed in ppm (parts per million). A two-tailed probability value of P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean fluoride concentration in drinking water was 0.63ppm in Thomaspuram, 1.63ppm in Bangalapatti, and 2.92ppm in Singampatti. The mean fluoride content in hair samples was 2.84ppm, 4.67ppm, and 6.53ppm; fingernail clippings was 2.99ppm, 4.94ppm, and 6.84ppm; and toenail clippings was estimated as 3.13ppm, 5.10ppm, and 7.24ppm in Thomaspuram, Bangalapatti, and Singampatti residents, respectively. The mean fluoride content in the hair, fingernails, and toenails was significantly higher as compared to the mean fluoride content in the drinking water (viz., toenail fluoride > fingernail fluoride > hair fluoride). Conclusion: Coronal hair, fingernails, and toenails are useful biomarkers for both sub-chronic and chronic fluoride exposure from drinking water. Due to ample sample availability and the highest fluoride content, toenails are the most suitable biomarkers of fluoride exposure from drinking water.
Demographics, prevalence and outcomes of diabetes in pregnancy in NW Ontario

Introduction: Diabetes in pregnancy confers increased risk. This study examines the prevalence and birth outcomes of diabetes in pregnancy at the Sioux Lookout Meno Ya Win Health Centre (SLMHC) and other small Ontario hospitals. Methods: This was a retrospective study of maternal profile: age, parity, comorbidities, mode of delivery, neonatal birth weight, APGARS and complications. Data were compared to other Ontario hospitals offering an equivalent level of obstetrical services. Results: Type 2 diabetes mellitus in pregnancy is far more prevalent in mothers who deliver at SLMHC (relative risk [RR]: 20.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 16.0–27.2); the rates of gestational diabetes (GDM) are double (RR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.7–2.3). SLMHC mothers with diabetes were on average 5 years younger and of greater parity with increased substance use. Neonates largely had equivalent outcomes except for increased macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycaemia and hyperbilirubinaemia in GDM pregnancies. Conclusion: Patients with diabetes in pregnancy at SLMHC differ substantially from mothers delivering at Ontario hospitals with a comparable level of service. Programming and resources must meet the service needs of these patients.
Comparison of Duration of Analgesic Comparison of Duration of Analgesic Effect of Nalbuphine and Morphine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in the Supraclavicular Block under Ultrasound Guidance

Background: Although many studies are available in the literature that has analyzed the effects of morphine, nalbuphine, and other opioids, no study had compared the effects of nalbuphine versus morphine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in the supraclavicular block under the guidance of ultrasound. Methodology: A randomized, double-blinded, prospective study was carried out on 60 patients of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I and II who were undergoing upper limb surgeries under the supraclavicular block. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 30). Group N received 20 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with 50 μg. kg−1 of nalbuphine, while Group M received 20 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with 50 μg. kg−1 of morphine. The characteristics of sensory and motor blocks, hemodynamic changes, duration of analgesia, adverse effects, and analgesic requirements were studied at different time intervals. Results: In Group N, there was a statistically significant reduction in the time of onset of sensory block (9.9 ± 3.0 vs. 12.2 ± 2.6 min, P = 0.002) and motor block (14.4 ± 3.6 vs. 19.4 ± 3.6 min, P = 0.0005). The duration of sensory and motor blockade and duration of analgesia were comparable. There was no statistically significant difference regarding block characteristics and hemodynamic parameters. Conclusion: Nalbuphine when added to bupivacaine as an adjuvant had significantly shortened the time of onset of sensory and motor blockade than morphine. However, the duration of analgesia, sensory and motor blockade of nalbuphine versus morphine were comparable.
Anatomy of the Eye and Orbit

Alcohol Dependence. By BRIAN D. HORE. Pp. xiii + 153, hard cover. Butterworths, London, 1976. £5.00. Antibiotics in Clinical Practice. By HILLAS SMITH. Pp. x+413, illustrated, hard cover. Pitman Medical, Tunbridge Wells, 1977. £8.00. The Causes ofProfound Deafness in Childhood. By GEORGE R. FRASER. Pp. xiii-+ 410, illustrated, hard cover. Bailliere Tindall, London, 1977. £17.00, cased. Clinical Management of the Osteoporoses. By GILBERT S. GORDAN and CYNTHIA VAUGHAN. Pp. ix+207, illustrated, hard cover. HM+ M Publishers, Aylesbury, 1976. £12.50. Clinical Methods Vol. 1. Edited by H. KENNETH WALKER, W. DALLAS HALL and J. WILLIs HURST. Pp. xix+420, illustrated, soft cover. Butterworths, London, 1977. £7.50. Diagnosis and Management of Medical Emergencies. By BUSTOM JAL VAKIL and FAROKH ERACH UDWADIA. Pp. xx+750, illustrated, hard cover. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1977. £10.00. Genetic Engineering: Threat or Promise? By LAURENCE E. KARP. Pp. xviii+235, illustrated, hard cover. Nelson-Hall, Chicago, 1976. Hematology of Infectious Diseases. By JULIAN ALEKSANDROWICZ and JERZY LISIEWICZ. Pp. 259, illustrated, hard cover. Polish Medical Publishers, Warsaw. (For sale through the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22161, U.S.A.) Introduction to Research in Medical Sciences. By A. CusCHIERI and P. R. BAKER. Pp. 216, illustrated, soft cover. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1977. £3.95. The House Physician's Handbook. By C. ALLAN BIRCH. (4th Edition). Pp. xv+ 320, illustrated, soft cover. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1977. £3.75. Metabolism and the Response to Injury. Edited by A. W. WILKINSON and SIR DAVID CUTHBERTSON. Pp. 350, illustrated, hard cover. Pitman Medical, Tunbridge Wells, 1977. £10.00. Nursing Procedures for Skin Diseases. By EILEEN HUCKBODY. Pp. 135, illustrated, soft cover. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1977. Ovulation in the Human. Edited by P. G. CROSIGNANI and D. P. MISHELL. Pp. xiv+317, illustrated, hard cover. Academic Press, London, 1976. £8.80, $19.25. Pathology of Peripheral Nerves. By R. 0. WELLER and J. CERV6S-NAVARRO. Pp. vii + 225, illustrated, hard cover. The Butterworth Group, London, 1977. £13.50. Principles for First Aid for the Injured. By H. PROCTOR and P. S. LONDON. (3rd Ed.) Pp. xiv+284, illustrated, hard cover. Butterworths, London, 1977. £6.25. Problems of Childhood. Series of articles on the problems of childhood published in the B.M. J. in 1976. Pp. 149, soft cover. British Medical Journal, London, 1976. £2.50 (Inland); $6.25 (Abroad U.S.) including postage. Rabies. The Facts. By COLIN KAPLAN (editor). Pp. vi+ 1116, illustrated, hard cover, Oxford University Press, Oxford; soft cover, Corgi Books, London, 1977. £1.95 (hard cover, 75p (soft cover). Recent Advances in Clinical Virology. Number One. Edited by A. P. WATERSON. Pp. viii +200, illustrated, hard cover. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1977. £9.75.
Nucleus Tractus Solitarii: Integrating Structures

Presently, many researchers have adopted a reductionistic approach to physiology. Specifically, this involves studies on acutely isolated or cultured cells. While this is essential for our understanding of important cellular and subcellular mechanisms, it should not be forgotten that physiology is about the function of an integrating body. One view point is that definitive interpretations can only be made by crossing boundaries of physiology from the molecular/ cellular to the systems/behavioural level. An aim of this lecture will stress the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to physiology, that is, ‘putting the cell back into the system’. The lecture attempts to demonstrate why this is important for enhancing the functional significance and relevance of physiological data as well as for validating predictions.
Campylobacteriosis in sheep in farm settlements in the Vhembe District of South Africa.

A total of 300 freshly voided sheep faeces were collected and screened for the presence of Campylobacter spp. using standard microbiological techniques. The samples were obtained randomly from 3 farm settlements in the Venda Region, South Africa in 2008 and 2009. The recovery rate was 30.0% (90 of 300) for all faeces. Of these, 65 (72.2%) were from diarrheic and 25 (27.8%) were from nondiarrheic faeces. Out of the 90 Campylobacter spp. isolated, 41(45.6%) were Campylobacter jejuni and 49 (54.4%) were C. coli. Sixty-three (70%) of the isolates were �-haemolytic, while 17 (18.9%) were �haemolytic and 10 (11.1%) were non-haemolytic on 5% sheep red blood cells. The antibiotic resistance patterns of the 90 Campylobacter isolates were examined by the disc diffusion method. All Campylobacter isolates from the farms were resistant to at least one of the 12 antibiotics tested. The prevalence rate of C. coli resistance to ciprofloxacin was 20.4% compared with C. jejuni, 17.1%. Similar rates were noted for tetracycline for the two species. C. jejuni showed a higher rate of resistance to erythromycin (22.0%) compared with Campylobacter coli (10.2%). Significantly higher frequency of kanamycin resistance was recorded for C. jejuni compared to C. coli (p < 0.005). However, for ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, imipenem, gentamycin and ampicillin comparable resistant profiles were recorded for C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from the farms. The high prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in sheep is of public significance in the Venda Region. The observed multi-drug resistance and especially resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones in this study pose a threat of transfer of antibiotic resistance to human pathogens because of the close contact between sheep and humans.