Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of various radiorgaphy based femoral angles in Lancashire Heelers with and without medial patellar luxation

2 LÜHIKOKKUVÕTE. 3 ABBREVIATIONS. 5 INTRODUCTION. 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 7 1. LITERATURE REVIEW. 8 1.1. Medial patellar luxation in dogs . 8 1.1.1. Anatomy, biomechanics and pathogenesis. 9 1.1.2. Clinical presentation . 12 1.1. 3. Diagnostics . 12 1.2 Radiographic measurements of the pelvic limb . 13 1.2. 1. Radiographic femoral angles . 15 2. AIM OF THE STUDY . 18 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS . 19 3.1. Radiographs . 19 3.2. Animals and final inclusion. 19 3.3 Radiographic measurements. 21 3.3.1 The pelvis . 21 3.3.2 The femur . 22 3.4. Statistical analysis. 24 4. RESULTS. 25 5. DISCUSSION. 27 6. CONCLUSION . 30 SUMMARY. 31 REFERENCES . 32 KOKKUVÕTE . 36 !
Modelo para evaluar la eficiencia y la productividad en la industria de defensa

espanolEn este trabajo se plantea un modelo simplificado para hacer una incursion en el analisis de la eficiencia y de la productividad de los principales sectores que componen la industria de defensa en Espana, cubriendo el periodo de 2010-2016. Para ello se empleara un modelo de Analisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA), donde se utiliza un solo input, el nivel de empleo, y un solo output, el importe de las ventas realizadas por cada sector analizado. EnglishIn this article a simplified model is proposed to make an incursion in the analysis of efficiency and productivity of the main sectors that make up the defence industry in Spain, covering the period of 2010-2016. For this, a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model will be used, where only one input is used, the level of employment, and a single output, the amount of sales made by each sector analyzed.
The Citizen in Electoral Discourse: A Preliminary Study

This article questions how the ‘citizens’ are constructed through public issues debated in online conversations in the 2019 Indonesia Presidential Election. Online conversations, as marked by hashtag(s), is assumed as deliberation process to articulate public issues. Through this process, citizenship is representated. Data is crawled from secondary data using big data analysis from January until April 2019, during the presidential debates. The results show that hashtag is established for popular exposure, rather than signifying issue. During the presidential debates, politics of citizenship is trapped in polarization of candidate’s personality. Therefore, politics of citizenship as issues representation needs to be built on the basis of mapping social network formation of narratives on social media, so that it can more effectively construct ideas and the right momentum in generating hashtags as signifier of issues.
Essays on role of banks on economic gaps between borrowers and savers

This thesis presents three chapters that empirically investigate role of banks on wage and wealth gaps between heterogeneous households using DSGE models. The first chapter analyses the role of an endogenous human capital accumulation channel and solvent banks (demand side of the credit market only) on wage gap. We find that the TFP shock reduces wage and income gaps, whereas preferences or financial shocks increase wage and welfare gaps. The welfare gap will be reduced under a human capital shock, whereas wage gap will only be reduced in the short-run. Our findings also suggest that the presence of lending facilities mitigates the propagation mechanism of the shocks to wage and welfare gaps, whereas the human capital accumulation channel mainly improves the welfare of borrowers and significantly affects wage and wealth gaps. Robustness checks show that our key results remain valid. The second chapter examines wage and wealth gaps under the presence of an imperfect banking competition, as it allows to study both supply and demand sides of the credit market. The findings show that under the TFP shock, wage gap declines, while it widens under housing preference and human capital transformation shocks. Moreover, under the LTV shock, wage gap shrinks in the short-run only. Robustness checks provide consistent results with the base model. However, testing different modelling assumptions show that there is a lower deviation in wage gap under a higher bank capital adjustment cost. Finally, the third chapter studies the effects of an insolvent banking sector on skill premium with the presence of a skill accumulation channel. We find that under the TFP shock, a shock to skill transformation and a shock to diversion of assets skill premium reduces. We also find that under the TFP shock, the bank capital declines, but it increases under the other three shocks. The shock to the probability of the number of exiting banks increases skill premium due to higher supply of unskilled labour and lower wages for these workers. Robustness checks are consistent with the base model.
Tourism Xenophilia: Examining Attraction to Foreignness

Individuals have demonstrated an attraction toward foreignness, which, arguably, constitutes a central reason to travel. Drawing on research from social and evolutionary psychology, the authors provide the first investigation of tourism xenophilia (TXI), which we define as individuals’ attraction toward the perceived foreignness of destinations. Across three studies, the authors conceptualize, develop, and apply a reliable, valid, and parsimonious TXI scale. The results show that TXI explains several important tourist and resident behaviors, such as willingness to engage with locals, willingness to stay at a bed-and-breakfast, intention to try local food, resident hospitality, support for immigration policies, and travel to foreign destinations. The authors also empirically investigate three key antecedents of TXI: promotion focus, boredom proneness, and mind-wandering. Finally, implications for academics and practitioners are discussed.
How does social learning facilitate urban disaster resilience? A systematic review

ABSTRACT Social learning has been considered an emerging policy option for urban disaster risk management. Urban disaster resilience is claimed to be a desirable outcome of many social learning programmes, but little systematic evidence illustrates how urban disaster resilience has been facilitated by social learning programmes. This paper presents a theoretic approach by a systematic review using the thematic content analysis method and finds that all of the social, technological and natural hazards can trigger social learning and the learning type varies according to ‘who learns’. It is showed that the mechanisms by which social learning can facilitate urban disaster resilience include: (1) governance capacity; (2) self-organisation; (3) cognitive change; (4) moral or civic responsibility; and (5) open communication and deliberation. Moreover, the leading roles in the risk management practice played by social learning to improve urban disaster resilience are achieved throughout three strategies: (1) meeting the public demands of risk perception; (2) getting more stakeholders involved into a collaborative process; and (3) joint problem-solving. The findings might provide guidelines for the implementation of social learning programme in the future.
Creative industries agglomeration and entrepreneurship in China: necessity or opportunity?

ABSTRACT This paper seeks to address the question of how the type of agglomeration externalities impacts on the type of entrepreneurship at the regional level. Using China’s provincial panel data from 2003 to 2015, we employ the Generalised Moment Method to test the role of regional specialisation and geographic concentration in necessity-driven and/or opportunity-driven entrepreneurship. In general, the empirical results show that entrepreneurial activities motivated by opportunity, rather than by necessity, tend to be higher in a more specialised or more concentrated area in the context of creative industries. The results are basically consistent and robust by regressions within different groups of creative sectors. The paper is helpful in examining the channels by which entrepreneurial activities can be stimulated by industries clustering strategy.
ESG Controversies and Their Impact on Performance

This article introduces an aggregated controversy metric—derived from environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data—that targets specific issues companies face in the environmental, social, or governance fields. By building portfolios based on this controversy measure, the study shows that in Europe and the US, stocks that undergo severe controversies significantly underperform both their benchmarks and other portfolios consisting of stocks with low controversy or no controversy at all. The main reason for this result is that, in both cases, markets tend to react strongly to changes in controversy levels, penalizing stocks that experience ESG downgrades. These results make a clear case for the potential benefits of excluding stocks with high-controversy levels from investment universes. However, these findings are not confirmed for the Asia-Pacific region, where the portfolios consisting of highly controversial stocks outperform their benchmarks, although the number of such portfolios is lower compared to the number in Europe and the US. TOPICS: Portfolio theory, portfolio construction, ESG investing Key Findings • High levels of ESG controversies have a significant impact on stock returns for US and European stocks. • Europe displays a clear surprise effect, where unexpected severe downgrades in the controversy levels are usually associated with persistent negative excess returns up to 12 months after the downgrading. For the US, we do not notice a surprise effect, but progressive downgrades are penalized by the market (a deteriorating effect). • For Asia-Pacific stocks, there is little evidence so far that stock markets react negatively to ESG controversies and rating downgrades.
Language Semiotics of Campaign Banners and Billboards of Legislative Candidates in Malang

A large number of Election Contesting Parties makes the parties compete strategically in the political campaign to promote their legislative candidates and attract voters. This triggers the phenomenon of "media war or publication. " It can be seen in the language used in the candidate’s banners and billboards. This study examines the language of banners and billboards which appear in a variety of linguistic symbols that accommodate the persuasive message from the candidates and the supporting parties. Through a semiotic approach, the verbal texts data as a language symbol are examined, as well as aspects of meanings 'in language' or 'outside language' or nonlinguistic areas. The implied "ideology" behind the utilization of language symbols is also analyzed. The results found the occurrences of either direct or indirect delivery of persuasive messages, genre categories of language symbols conveying persuasive messages, language symbols with implied sympathetic characteristics, diversity of message orientation, and choice of language codes that are used as means of conveying messages, along with ideological descriptions hidden behind the persuasive language symbols.
Does Social Capital Increase Innovation Speed? Empirical Evidence from China

Past studies have suggested that social capital is a sustainable competitive advantage that leads to sustainable organizational growth and performance. However, few studies have explored how innovation speed moderates the relationship between social capital and sustainable organizational performance in China where the government plays key roles in promoting sustainable development goals. This paper develops a “social capital-innovation speed-performance” framework to investigate the mechanism of social capital influencing innovation speed, which in turn affects sustainable organizational growth and performance. Based on data collected from 125 Chinese firms, hierarchical moderated regression analyses indicate that structural social capital positively affects sustainable organizational performance but has no significant impact on sustainable innovation speed; relational social capital has no significant impact on sustainable organizational performance and is negatively correlated with innovation speed; cognitive social capital positively correlates with sustainable organizational performance and affects innovation speed, and government ties affect sustainable organizational performance and positively impact innovation speed. The study findings suggest that in China, increasing government ties is the most important social capital in creating sustainable organizational growth and performance. Both cognitive social capital and government ties are conducive to accelerating innovation speed, which gives firms a sustainable competitive advantage to achieve sustainable organizational performance.
The development of TAFE in Australia

Technical and Further Education (TAFE) is the largest provider of post-secondary education in Australia. TAFE systems are administered by eight State and Territory authorities of varying size and character. This book is essentially a history of TAFE policy and administrative arrangements at both State and national levels. It provides, in chapter 2, a brief review of the history of technical education in Australia and of Commonwealth involvement in TAFE prior to 1970, which is intended to enrich understanding of the present day TAFE system and structure. The main themes of the following chapters are: the impact of the increasing level of Commonwealth Government intervention in TAFE policies and programs; the inter-relationship between the Commonwealth and the States over the past twenty-five years; and the structural changes that have occurred at Commonwealth and State levels. The final chapter looks at TAFE in the late 1990s, bringing the document up-to-date. The future of TAFE is also briefly discussed.
On the cross-sectional asymmetric dependence between investment returns

The benefits of diversification decrease substantially during market downturns due to asymmetric dependence between stock and market returns. Not all assets are affected in the same way. This thesis provides a substantial evidence of the cross-sectional variation in asymmetric dependence between equity returns and market returns across the 38 largest financial markets and a variety of asset classes. I document that asymmetric dependence between stock returns and market returns is significantly priced in international equity returns. Of all the commonly considered factors, asymmetric dependence is the only factor that is priced in all 38 markets examined. Internationally, investors require additional compensation to hold assets displaying asymmetric dependence. Notably, the degree of asymmetric dependence increases faster in countries experiencing stronger growth in their financial markets. This thesis supports recognition of asymmetric dependence as a risk factor that has significant implications for, inter alia, asset pricing, cost of capital, and performance evaluation. Moreover, I build a general equilibrium model to identify important drivers of the cross-sectional variation in asymmetric dependence. I show that stocks with a high level of fundamental cash-flow risk exhibit a large amount of time variation in conditional betas and a relatively higher degree of the crosssectional asymmetric dependence. The asymmetric effects of heterogeneous cash-flow risk on the cross section of return dependence are driven by preference shocks correlated with the business cycle. The model predictions are confirmed by US industry data.
Placental morphology and fetal implications in pregnancies complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension

Background: Many disorders of pregnancy, which are associated with a high perinatal morbidity and mortality, are accompanied by gross pathological changes in placenta. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are common, and form one of the deadly triads along with hemorrhage and infection that greatly contribute to maternal mortality and morbidity. In addition, they are strongly associated with fetal growth restriction, prematurity, and contributing largely to perinatal mortality and morbidity. A study of placentae was done to find out the morbid and histological changes in placentae of hypertensive mothers and to correlate the findings with the birth weight of new born babies. Materials and Methods: Ninety placentae were studied. The weight of the placenta, placental fetal ratio, retroplacental hematoma, infarction, and histopathological findings were noted. Placental findings were correlated with fetal outcome. Results: The placental weight and fetoplacental weight ratio (5.38:1) was decreased in the hypertensive group. There was an increase in the incidence of infarction (28.8%) and retroplacental hematoma (15.5%) in the hypertensive group. Percentage of cytotrophoblastic proliferation of villi, >30% syncytial knots formation (64.5%), basement membrane thickening of villi (37.8%), and fibrinoid necrosis of villi (46.7%) increased in the placentae from pregnancy-induced hypertension group as compared to the normal group. Conclusions: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy adversely influence the morphology of placenta. Fetal outcome is poor in the presence of infarction, retroplacental hematoma, basement membrane thickening of villi, and fibrinoid necrosis of villi. The pathological changes observed in the placentae of patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy adversely influence the perinatal outcome.
Vitamin D Status in Infants during the First 9 Months of Age and its Effect on Growth and Other Biochemical Markers: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background: Despite food fortification policies in many countries and recommendations for Vitamin D supplementation of at-risk groups, Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and infantile rickets remain major public health challenges in many developed and developing countries. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six participants at birth were enrolled and followed up until 9 months of age. Serum 25OHD was estimated in cord blood at birth and at 14 ± 1 weeks of life. Seventy-seven participants were followed up at 9 months for estimation of serum 25OHD, parathyroid hormone (PTH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, and phosphorus. VDD was defined as serum 25OHD <15 ng/mL as per USIOM guidelines. Results: Serum 25OHD levels at 9 months of age (15.78 ± 8.97 ng/mL) were significantly increased in comparison to the level of 3 months of age (14.04 ± 7.10 ng/mL) and at birth (8.94 ± 2.24 ng/mL). At birth, all the participants (77) were deficient in 25OHD levels. It was found that 16/94 (17%) and 19/77 (24.7%) participants at 3 and 9 months of age, respectively, became Vitamin D sufficient without any Vitamin D supplementation. There was a significant inverse correlation between serum 25OHD and PTH concentration (r= −0.522,P < 0.001), serum 25OHD and ALP (r= −0.501,P < 0.001). It was found that reduction in serum Vitamin D level to <10.25 ng/mL results in a surge of serum PTH. Conclusion: VDD is common from birth to 9 months of age but incidence decreases spontaneously even without supplementation. Furthermore, a large number of babies may be falsely labeled as Vitamin D deficient with currently followed cutoffs. Hence a new cutoff for VDD needs to be established for neonates and infants.
Sustainable supply chain management and partner engagement to manage climate change information

Climate change poses significant new risks and challenges for businesses and their supply chains. Additionally, in many sectors scope 3 indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from the sourcing and distribution of goods and services are larger than firms’ own carbon footprints. Here we study how firms engage their key stakeholders in their supply chains in obtaining, processing and transferring relevant climate change related information designed to overcome information asymmetry and drive sustainable development. Grounded in organisational information processing theory (OIPT), we draw on data from the Carbon Disclosure Project’s (CDP) Climate Change Supply Chain initiative for a qualitative content analysis of a large sample of global firms. Consistent with OIPT, we find that while firms primarily engage their supply chain partners in a variety of ways to reduce information uncertainty around indirect emissions data, effectively interpreting and managing broader sustainability information equivocality becomes a growing priority. Our findings further suggest that firms engage suppliers, customers and other supply chain partners through basic, transactional and collaborative types of engagement. We contribute to literatures on inter-organisational information processing and sustainable supply chain management by providing a more detailed understanding of how firms engage supply chain partners in the context of climate change.
A Study on Urinary Incontinence of Elderly Women in a Community

The purposes of this descriptive study were to identify the prevalence rate of urinary incontinence(UI) and the differences in frequency of incontinent and normal women by general characteristics, obstetrical history, and the conditional events for urinary incontinence of the elderly women in a community. By the results of this study, it is intended to provide nursing practice guidelines for incontinent women. The research design of this study was a preliminary descriptive study. The 173 subjects were 55 years old and over, and resided in a small city area. Data were collected from June 20 to July 20, 2001, by an interview or a self-report with questionaire. The questionaire was composed of items of general characteristics, obstetrical characteristics, and conditions of UI by the modified Henderickon's Stress Incontinence Scale(1981). The results were summariezed as follows: 1. The UI prevalence rate of the sample was 64.2%. Of the incontinent women, 31.5% had experienced UI for a period of three to five years, and 84.7% had never treated or managed their UI. Frequency of UI was once or twice times per month(46.8%). 2. The total mean of UI on the scale in the incontinent women was 25.50 of 85, ranging from 18 to 41. 3. The most frequent condition of UI was coughing, followed by laughing, sneezing, heavy exercise, and preparation of urination in descending order. 4. There were significant differences in age, education, social activity, and urinary difficulty between the incontinent women and the normal women. 5. There were significant differences in frequency of spontaneous abortion, age of menopause between the incontinent women and the normal women. 6. There were no significant differences in number of delivery, frequency of artificial abortion, age of the last delivery, and postal health management between the incontinent women and the normal women. In conclusion, the incidence of UI in this study was high, but there were no effective treatments or management. It is suggested to provide the adult women with knowledge about UI, and to educate preventive behavior and control skill of urinary incontinence. Also episodes of urinary incontinence were high in the situation of sudden increase of abdominal pressure. This data can be used for the prevention strategy of urinary incontinence, In future research it is recommended to identify comprehensive factors related to urinary incontinence including psychosocial factors, and effective strategies of urinary incontinence.
Environmental, Social, and Governance Practices and Perceived Tail Risk

Using the implied volatility smirk on individual equity securities to measure perceived tail risk, we find that better environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices and better practices in each individual E, S, and G pillar significantly reduce ex-ante expectations of a left-tail event. Our findings are robust to the use of multiple model specifications and to adjusting for potential endogeneity concerns. We contribute to the literature by showing that investors consider overall ESG practices and practices within each ESG pillar to be insurance against left-tail events rather than wasteful investment borne out of managers’ own values or self-interest.