Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pattern of contraceptive use by residents of a village in South Delhi.

Indias most pressing problem is its runaway population growth. Population control in the country remains elusive despite the availability of a wide range of contraceptives and mass media campaigns and IEC programs. Findings are reported from a study conducted to identify which factors influence the acceptance of contraception in a rural village in South Delhi of approximately 3500 inhabitants. The contraceptive acceptance patterns of 518 eligible couples were studied for January-June 1993. 173 couples (33.4%) had accepted a permanent method of contraception and 79 (15.2%) were using temporary methods such as the IUD and condoms. The effective couple protection rate was 43.4%. Couples economic status and level of education attained significantly affected their family planning practices. For example the acceptance of contraceptive practice among illiterate couples was only 33.9% compared to the acceptance level of 83.2% among couples with at least 12 years of formal education. Likewise the sex of the most recent child and total number of male children per couple had a significant effect upon couples family planning practices with the level of acceptance of a terminal contraceptive method being higher after the birth of a male child. Whether families were joint or nuclear and the number of female children per couple did not significantly influence the acceptance of family planning methods.
The correlation between hearing loss and the site of eardrum perforation: about 260 cases

Introduction: Some authors have assumed that the hearing loss depends on the site and the size of the perforations, but the results were contradictory and inconclusive. The aim of this present study is to find correlation between hearing loss and the location of tympanic membrane perforation after a chronic otitis media. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in our ENT department, university hospital Ibn Rochd Casablanca Morocco. Two hundred sixty patients were enrolled in this study with eardrum perforation and without any neurosensory hearing loss or middle/ inner ear diseases. Data processing and analysis were carried out with computer software SPSS. Results: Two hundred sixty patients (103 males, 157 females) with age range 8–67 years (mean = 35.9) were studied. Bilateral tympanic membrane perforations were seen in 84 patients (60%), unilateral perforation in 176 patients (68%). In the 260 patients, 253 eardrum perforations were caused by chronic otitis media. Only 7 cases were due to a traumatism. The tympanic perforation was posterior in 64 cases (24.6%), subtotal in 54 cases (20.8%), central in 49 cases (18.8%), anterior in 44 cases (16.9%), antero-superior in 1 case, antero-inferior in 23 cases (8.8%), postero-superior in 5 cases (1.9%), and postero-inferior in 10 cases (3.8%). The tympanic perforation was inferior in 10 cases (3.8%). Perforation’s sites on the tympanic membrane were correlated with the groups of average hearing loss. For anterior perforations the average loss was moderate in 52.3% and severe in 13.6%. For posterior perforations the average loss was moderate in 75%. For subtotal perforation, the percentage was equal for mild and moderate hearing loss. The average loss for anterior perforations was 41.93 dB. The average loss for posterior ones was 42.66 dB. Conclusion: The current study aimed to correlate the degree of hearing loss to the different site of perforation. From the present study we can tell that Hearing loss in chronic otitis media is independent of the site of eardrum perforation. Nevertheless, further studies are needed with a representative population to confirm our results. Keywords: Site of eardrum perforation; Hearing loss; Bone conduction
Frailty and Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients Aged 65 Years or Older with Atrial Fibrillation

Background: Elderly adults with atrial fibrillation (AF) are at increased risk of frailty and thromboembolic complications. However, studies on the prevalence of frailty in AF patients and data on the relationship between frailty and the use of anticoagulants are limited.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 500 participants. Patients aged 65 years or older were consecutively selected from the Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry study. The patient’s frailty status was assessed with use of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging Clinical Frailty Scale. We assessed the prevalence of and factors associated with frailty, and how frailty affects anticoagulant therapy.Results: In 500 elderly adults with AF (age 75.2±6.7 years; 51.6% female), 201 patients (40.2%) were frail. The prevalence of frailty was higher in females (P=0.002) and increased with age and CHA2DS2-VASc score (P for trend less than 0.001 for both). The factors associated with frailty were a history of heart failure (odds ratio [OR] 2.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39‐4.14), female sex (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.27‐3.43), and advanced age (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.09‐1.17). Frail patients were significantly less likely to have ever been prescribed anticoagulants compared with nonfrail patients (81.7 vs. 54.9%, P<0.001). Conclusions: Frailty is prevalent in elderly adults with AF, especially in females, those of advanced age, and those with heart failure. Frailty status has a significant impact on prescription of anticoagulants for high-risk AF patients.
Efficacy and safety of diacerein and diclofenac in knee osteoarthritis in Indian patients- a prospective randomized open label study

OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy and carryover effects of diacerein vs diclofenac in Indian population with knee osteoarthritis (OA). STUDY DESIGN After one week NSAIDâ€™s washout period, patients received either diacerein or diclofenac or combination for 12 weeks with 4 weeks follow-up to determine the carryover effects of the drugs. The primary efficacy end point was the change from baseline in 100mm visual analog scale (VAS) score after 20 meters walk. Â The secondary efficacy end points were the percent change from baseline in pain, stiffness, function and total WOMAC scores. Lequesne impairment index (LII), Knee society score (KSS), and acetaminophen intake. RESULTS Out of 189 patients screened, 81 patients with painful knee OA were randomized and 77 completed the study. At 16 wks, diacerein showed superiority to both diclofenac and the combination therapy as assessed (95% CI) with 100mm VAS score (p<0.05), WOMAC scores (p<0.001), as well as LII, KSS and acetaminophen consumption (p<0.001), demonstrating the carryover effect of the drug. Intra-group comparison showed significant difference in all WOMAC scores from baseline score in each group. Diacerein was safe, well tolerated and caused diarrhea as the frequent adverse effect. CONCLUSIONS Diacerein is safe and effective with long carryover effect.
Mental Health Status and Related Factors Among Visually Impaired Athletes

Background A growing body of pieces of evidence suggests that sport activity is of potential importance both for physical and mental health. To date, there is a lack of information and evidence regarding the mental health of visually impaired people playing some extent of sports and recognized as athletes with renowned career track. The present study aims to clarify the mental health status and its related factors in visually impaired athletes. Methods The current study was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional investigation. Visually impaired athletes (n = 81; men: 72.8%; average age: 32.8 ± 12.0 years) engaged in Paralympic sports events namely track and field (marathon), goalball, swimming, blind soccer, and judo were the study subjects from leading institutions in Japan. A diverse range of issues were included in a questionnaire survey like attributes, condition of visual impairment, competition activities, competition stressors, social support, and mental health status (recorded through the K6 scale). Logistic regression analyses were performed with mental health status as a dependent variable and other studied parameters as independent variables. Results A total of 21.0% of study participants (11.9% of men and 45.5% of women) showed bad mental health condition. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that “female” (odds ratio (OR) 11.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.60 - 54.76, P = 0.001), “higher evaluation from one’s surroundings for competition stressors” (OR 5.74, 95% CI 1.34 - 24.60, P = 0.019), and “lower social support from family members” (OR 3.97, 95% CI 1.03 - 15.25, P = 0.045) were the risk factors of bad mental health. Conclusions The mental health status among visually impaired athletes might be almost the same level as non-visually impaired athletes and general population, and have relation to gender, stress of evaluation from surroundings during competition, and social support from family members. It may be necessary to pay attention especially to women, and improve one’s surroundings of competition stressors and family social support to maintaining the mental health of visually impaired athletes.
Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis and Other Intestinal Parasites in Rehabilitation Centers in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran

Background and purpose: Strongyloidiasis is prevalent in Northern provinces in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis and other intestinal parasites in rehabilitation centers in Mazandaran Province, north of Iran. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in seven rehabilitation centers in Mazandaran Province, 2013-2014. Fecal samples were collected from 341 participants (239 male, 102 female) aged 11-86 years old. The centers and specimens were randomly selected. All samples were examined by formol-ether concentration and agar plate culture. Diarrheic samples were examined by direct smear and Trichrome staining. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS V.16. Results: Intestinal parasitic infection was observed in 112 individuals. Protozoa infections were seen in 19.6% and helminth infections were seen in 14.1%. Strongyloides stercoralis was detected in 2.1% of the samples. The infection rate with other helminth parasites included Dicrocoelium dendriticum 7.9%, Trichuris trichiura 3.2%, Echinostoma sp. 0.9%, Taenia 0.3%, and Trichostrongylus sp. 0.3%. Entamoeba coli was the most common protozoan parasite (19.4%) followed by Iodamoeba butschlii (2.1%) and Chilomastix mesnili (1.2%). Conclusion: This study showed high infection rate with some intestinal parasites. The problems and complications associated with these parasites call for prompt diagnosis and treatment of infected individuals in rehabilitation centers.
Impact of education about physical punishment of children on the attitudes of future physicians

ABSTRACT Parental physical punishment (PP) of children has been the focus of many research studies, and results of meta-analyses show PP to be significantly associated with behavioral, emotional, and cognitive problems. Professional organizations developed statements against using PP, but U.S. children continue to experience high rates of PP. This may be due to healthcare providers failing to advise parents against the use PP, or not feeling qualified to discuss these topics with parents due to a lack of training. In a study of two classes of first-year medical students at a large Midwestern university (2015–2016, Year 1; N = 41; 2016–2017, Year 2; N = 64), students completed the Attitudes Toward Spanking scale before taking the Child Advocacy Elective (CAST), after a 2-hour PP lecture, and again after course completion. Results indicated that favorable attitudes toward spanking significantly reduced after the 2-hour lecture, and these changes were maintained at the end of the academic year. These results indicate that there is potential for a short course on the use of PP that could be used to bolster gaps in medical education. This course could increase physicians’ comfort in discussing PP with parents in their medical practices and allow parents to make informed discipline decisions.
Analysis and outcome of 30 patients with tuberculous meningitis.

Objective: The study was conducted to see the presentation of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and its associated complications in thirty patients. Place: Medical departments of Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi General Hospital and District Headquarters Hospital Rawalpindi Study Design: Descriptive Study Methods: Thirty patients were selected on non-probability convenient sampling from December 2000 to mid of July 2001. Patients who had history and clinical examination and investigations suggestive of TBM were included in the study. Result: Mostly patients were young; the mean age was 29.67 years with the highest age specific incidence between 12--24 years age group. Being a chronic disease the presentation to hospital was late with mean duration of illness 29.13 days. Majority presented with fever headache vomiting neck stiffness and altered conscious level. Different complications were seen in the patients; hydrocephalus was seen in 60% and cranial nerve palsies in 50% cases. Fits were not seen in any of the patients in this study. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and CT Scan were most helpful in diagnosis. There was lymphocytic pleocytosis with low sugar and high proteins in 93.3% cases. CT scan showed basilar meningeal enhancement with or without ventricular dilatation in majority of the patients. However positive smear AFB for CSF and sputum was low and seen in 6.6% cases. Pulmonary infiltrates on chest x-ray were seen in 33.3%and miliary pattern in 13.3% only. Regarding the outcome 30% fully recovered 46% made partial recovery while 23.3% died of TBM. Advanced stage at presentation and delayed treatment were associated with poor outcome in majority. Conclusion: TBM is a serious illness often with atypical clinical biochemical and radiological features. (authors)
Malnutrition Treatment Centre in District Baran, Rajasthan Appraisal of Performance

Background: Rajasthan has topped the list of states with kids being born underweight as per Annual Health Survey (1). Malnutrition treatment centres (MNTC) have been started in District Baran, from 2006(2). Having started functioning for so many years, it is essential to evaluate its function so as to come forward with recommendations for future improvement. Aims & Objectives: Current study was conducted with an objective to analyze the impact of interventional measures in improving the health and nutritional status of severe malnourished children admitted at one of the MNTC in district Baran. Material and Method: Observational Prospective study was conducted at Community Health Centre (CHC) Atru MNTC, District Baran, Rajasthan. Children admitted were observed for weight gain during their stay at MNTC and rate of follow-up was also observed. Result: A statistically significant difference was obtained between the weight of children who stayed for 1-6 days and children who stayed for 7-28 days in MNTC. 54.1% children cured after treatment. Follow-up rate was very poor 51.5%, 30.3%, 23.2%, and 18.2% over the four follow-up visits. Conclusion: The MNTCs were effective in improving and saving the life of admitted children, but the effects were not sustained due to inadequate stay and poor follow up rate
Approaches to music therapy in psychiatry with specific emphasis upon a research project with the elderly mentally ill

[Book abstract] This introduction to music therapy includes chapters on the biological and medical effects of music, and provides research evidence on the value of music in therapy and music in medicine. Other topics covered include music therapy techniques in psychiatry, paediatrics, and with the mentally handicapped, the elderly, and those with a sensory handicap. Diagnosis and assessment are covered in considerable detail and the general effect of music is reviewed in many of the contributions.
Eating and physical activity behaviours among ethnic groups in Queensland, Australia

Abstract Objective: To examine differences in eating and physical activity behaviours among ethnic groups in Queensland, Australia, and differences in those behaviours due to the duration of residency in Australia. Design: Cross-sectional study using baseline data collected for the Living Well Multicultural–Lifestyle Modification Program between October 2014 and June 2017. Setting: Culturally and linguistically diverse communities (CALD), including Afghani, Somali, Burmese, Pacific and South Sea Islander, Sri Lankan, Sudanese and Vietnamese, living in Queensland, Australia. Participants: People were recruited if they were ≥18 years old and living in the targeted CALD communities. Results: Burmese/Vietnamese, on average, had better eating scores in line with Australian dietary guidelines, compared with Afghani/Arabic-speaking (difference = 2·05 points, 95 % CI 1·39, 2·72), Somali/Sudanese (difference = 1·53 points, 95 % CI 0·79, 2·28) and Pacific Islander (difference = 1·46 points, 95 % CI 0·79, 2·13). Association between ethnicity and meeting the physical activity guideline was not significant. Those who stayed in Australia longer than a year were less likely to meet the physical activity guideline than those staying <1 year (OR = 0·51, 95 % CI 0·31, 0·84). There was no significant association between duration of residency in Australia and eating scores. Conclusions: Eating behaviours were significantly different among the ethnic groups in Queensland with Burmese/Vietnamese and Sri Lankan/Bhutanese having the healthiest diets. All ethnic groups were less likely to meet the physical activity guideline compared with the general Australian population. People with duration of residency of at least 1 year in Australia were less likely to meet the physical activity guideline compared with those who had shorter stays.
Two rare complications of myocardial infarction: a case report

Abstract Background Mechanical complications following myocardial infarction (MI) have decreased in incidence due to the widespread use of early percutaneous coronary revascularization methods. We describe two rare complications as well as their natural history and uncertainties of the ideal management approach. Case summary Sixty-two-year-old female with multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors who had a delayed presentation of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and went on to develop dissecting intramyocardial haematoma progressing to ventricular septal rupture and coronary ventricular fistula. Discussion Intramyocardial haematoma is a rare complication of MI. It is considered to be part of the continuum of myocardial rupture which our patient eventually developed in the form of ventricular septal defect. The second rare entity in the same patient was development of a coronary ventricular fistula of the infarct-related stented, artery. The best way of managing dissecting intramyocardial haematoma is unclear with conflicting data between conservative and invasive strategies. Our patient failed the conservative approach as she progressed to frank myocardial rupture.
SHOULD THE 4 BIG REPLACE THE BIG 4? AN EXAMINATION OF AUDIT QUALITY USING INTERNAL AUDIT

Prior research has linked audit quality with large audit firms. Consequently, a dichotomous variable, Big N/non-Big N has traditionally proxied for audit quality. Applying a different measure of audit quality than audit fee, this study investigates whether a single dummy variable for Big N is an appropriate proxy for audit quality in explaining differences in the existence of clients’ internal audit (IA) function. Results indicate that the existence of clients’ IA function is not consistent among Big 4 firms. This has important research implications for the universal use of a Big N dummy variable as a measure for audit quality.
Antimicrobial resistance trends in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidisisolates obtained from patients admitted to intensive care units. 2010-2015

Introducción. La aparición y la diseminación de cepas resistentes en hospitales, principalmente en unidades de cuidado intensivo (UCI), se han convertido en un serio problema de salud pública. Objetivo. Analizar la tendencia de los fenotipos de resistencia de Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus epidermidis resistentes y susceptibles a meticilina aislados en pacientes atendidos en UCI de un hospital de alta complejidad de Cartagena, Colombia, del 2010 al 2015.Materiales y métodos. Estudio analítico transversal realizado entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2015. Se utilizaron aislamientos de S. aureus y S. epidermidis meticilino-susceptibles y meticilino-resistentes (SARM, SASR, SERM y SESM). La técnica de susceptibilidad empleada fue el método microdilución en caldo para la detección de la concentración mínima inhibitoria.Resultados. Se identificaron 313 aislamientos de Staphylococcus spp. , la mayoría resistentes a meticilina (63.6%). Las cepas SARM y SERM correspondieron al 13.7% y al 27.8% del total de aislamientos, respectivamente. Los mayores porcentajes de resistencia en SARM y SERM correspondieron a eritromicina (57.6% y 81.2%, respectivamente), clindamicina (54.6% y 71.0%), ciprofloxacina (48.4% y 36.4%) y trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol (36.4% y 51.4%). Conclusión. Los resultados encontrados sugieren el replanteamiento de las estrategias de control de la resistencia antimicrobiana en el hospital objeto de estudio.
Determination of variables which predict success on the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX-PN).

DETERMINATION OF VARIABLES WHICH PREDICT SUCCESS ON THE NATIONAL COUNCIL LICENSURE EXAMINATION (NCLEX-PN) Mary A. Kleber December 16, 2010 Nursing is one of the most frequently chosen programs by those entering postsecondary institutions in preparation for a career. This is in part due to the job opportunities available, interest in healthcare, and a pending shortage of nurses in healthcare. One strategy for meeting this shortage is the career pathway which encompasses the concept of lifelong learning and provides a mechanism for advancement of nurses along a continuum. Regardless of the level that a student enters the nursing education continuum, failure on the national licensure exam becomes a burden to both graduates and faculty in time and resources expended. Whereas many empirical research studies have been conducted related to the registered nurse, few studies have been done related to the practical nurse. Therefore, this research study addresses the issue of background and curricular variables which predict success on the National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nurses (NCLEX-PN). Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and logistic regression were used to determine the predictive value of the demographic (age, gender, race) and admission requirements (math, reading); curriculum variables (pre-requisite, foundation, specialty,