Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Shape and Volume on the Capacity of Model Piles in Sand

This report presents load test results on instrumented model piles, both straight-sided and tapered, driven into Standard Ottawa sand in both loose and medium dense states. The distribution of load between pile points and walls, as well as the over-all pile capacities at various depths of embedment, was studied. Tests revealed continuous changes in the intensity of unit load transfer through the walls as the piles were advanced. These changes, as well as the limited ability of the straight-sided piles to transfer large loads through their walls, are presumed to be the result of the development of a system of arching in the sand surrounding the piles. The most interesting and as yet unexplained results obtained in these tests revealed that for all piles straight-line relationships exist between embedded pile volumes and their capacities.
Moho interface beneath Yakutat terrane, southern Alaska

We use air gun shots recorded by ocean‐bottom and land seismometers to constrain a 3‐D velocity structure and a Moho interface depth for the Yakutat terrane in southern Alaska. We use a tomographic inversion of ~61,000 first‐arrival picks from 64 receivers to create a 3‐D velocity model. The average velocity‐depth function north of the coastline has velocities at the surface of ~4–5 km/s, increasing to velocities of >6 km/s at ~12–13 km below the surface. Average velocities at the surface are slower near the coast (3.8 km/s) than under the highest topography (4.7 km/s). We carry out an interface inversion of ~19,000 PmP reflection picks from 50 receivers to constrain a 2‐D Moho interface model. The average Moho depth of the Yakutat terrane in the marine portion of our study area is ~30 km, but depth rapidly increases onshore to 40–45 km beneath the high topography of the Chugach‐St. Elias Mountains. Moho depths are consistent with Airy isostasy beneath the orogen. Our data set supports a continuous Moho at the base of the Yakutat terrane, with no evidence for Pacific oceanic crust underthrusting the Yakutat terrane. We present several geologic models for crustal thickening beneath the Chugach‐St. Elias orogen that are consistent with the seismic observations and surface geology and compare these models with geologic mapping in the region. We argue that crustal thickening and topography at the Chugach‐St. Elias Mountains is obtained via a duplex system that produces a vertically growing antiformal stack of sedimentary and metasedimentary material.
Psychometric validity of the implicit theories of intelligence scale among Filipino university students: growth mindset is linked to higher self-reported academic achievement via academic engagement

ABSTRACT Objective The present research assessed the psychometric validity of the Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scale (ITIS). Also, the current study examined how growth mindset is associated with academic achievement and engagement. Methods A sample of 538 Filipino undergraduate students with a mean age of 20.9 (SD = 2.2) took part in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for the within-network construct validity while correlation analysis for the between-network construct validity. Structural equation modelling was utilised in analysing the influence of growth mindset on academic outcomes. Results The results indicate that the scale had good within-network validity, supporting its two-dimensional structure. The between-network construct validation revealed that growth mindset was associated with failure-is-enhancing mindset while fixed mindset was correlated with failure-is-debilitating mindset. Then, structural equation modelling revealed growth mindset predicted higher self-reported achievement through engagement. Conversely, fixed mindset was not associated with engagement, but it had a negative effect on achievement. Conclusion The present study provided evidence that the ITIS is a valid and reliable measure of implicit theories of intelligence among Filipino undergraduate students. Growth mindset also predicted greater achievement through engagement. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Adopting a growth mindset is associated with better academic performance among Filipinos. Growth mindset does not only predict higher academic performance but it also plays a role in predicting student adjustment and mental health. A fixed mindset is detrimental to both academic performance and psychological health among students. What this topic adds: The present study demonstrates that the Implicit Theories of Intelligence is a valid and reliable measure of implicit theories among Filipino university students. The present study revealed that growth mindset is associated with the belief that failure is enhancing while a fixed mindset was linked to the belief that failure is debilitating. Adopting a growth mindset is linked to higher perceived academic achievement through academic engagement. Meanwhile, a fixed mindset is linked to lower achievement but not to academic engagement.
High-resolution absolute-dated Indian Monsoon record between 53 and 36 ka from Xiaobailong Cave, southwestern China

The oxygen isotopic record of stalagmite XBL-1 from southwestern China reveals millennial-scale variability of the Indian Monsoon between 53 and 36 ka, synchronous with changes in the East Asian Monsoon recorded at Hulu Cave and similar to Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles recorded in Greenland ice. Our record, in general, confirms the chronology of Hulu Cave. If our correlations between Greenland and the Xiaobailong Cave record are correct, both the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 and Greenland Ice Core Project (ss09sea) chronologies are accurate within quoted errors. A dry interval that we correlate with Heinrich Event 5 (H5) and the Greenland stadial preceding Greenland Interstadial 12 (GIS 12) is centered ca. 48.0 ka and a shift to drier conditions, correlated to the end of GIS 12, is ca. 43.5 ka. Overall, the variability of the Indian Monsoon, from XBL-1 data, on millennial scales is similar to and correlated with high-latitude ice core rec ords from the Northern Hemisphere. However, some Indian Monsoon characteristics more closely resemble, but are anticorrelated with, features in the Antarctic record, suggesting some link to climate of the high southern latitudes, in addition to the clear link to the climate of the high northern latitudes.
On the physical and biogeochemical processes driving the high frequency variability of CO2 fugacity at 6°S, 10°W: Potential role of the internal waves

The availability of nutrients in the mixed layer is the main limitation to organic carbon biological production in the tropical regions. In this paper, we investigate the potential role of internal waves at promoting the development of biological activity on a PIRATA mooring at 6°S, 10°W. This mooring is located above the Mid-Atlantic Ridge where we observe strong internal waves. Using a one-dimensional physical and biogeochemical coupled model, we simulate dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Providing the influence of vertical advection and turbulent diapycnal diffusivity are (it is vertical advection + turbulent dipycnal mixing) accounted for, we find that this model provides a good fit with observed in situ CO2 fugacity (fCO2). Main effect of internal waves is to rapidly increase the DIC, thus the fCO2 and the nutrients in the mixed layer. The latter induce progressive development of biological activity leading to gradual DIC decrease. Our study highlights the importance of correctly taking into account the effect of internal waves in tropical regions.
Estimation of Mediterranean forest attributes by the application of k‐NN procedures to multitemporal Landsat ETM+ images

Routine applications of nonparametric estimation methods to satellite data for assisting the creation of forest inventories in Northern European countries are stimulating interest in the possible extension of these methods to more complex Mediterranean areas. This is the subject of the current work, which presents an experiment based on the integration of remotely sensed images and sample field measurements aimed at producing forest attribute maps in central Italy. Testing was carried out in an area where 370 geocoded field plots, sampled on a single‐stage cluster design, were collected to characterize wood and non‐wood forest attributes. These ground data served to apply various k‐Nearest Neighbour (k‐NN) estimation procedures to multitemporal Landsat 7 ETM+ images in order to map major forest attributes (basal area and simulated leaf area index, LAI). More specifically, the investigation focused on evaluating the effects of using satellite images from different periods of the growing season and spectral metrics of increasing complexity. The results achieved by the examined methods are finally discussed in order to provide guidelines for possible operational utilization.
Osteoimmunology of Spondyloarthritis

The mechanisms underlying the development of bone damage in the context of spondyloarthritis (SpA) are not completely understood. To date, a considerable amount of evidence indicates that several developmental pathways are crucially involved in osteoimmunology. The present review explores the biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between inflammatory dysregulation, structural progression, and osteoporosis in this diverse family of conditions. We summarize the current knowledge of bone biology and balance and the foundations of bone regulation, including bone morphogenetic protein, the Wnt pathway, and Hedgehog signaling, as well as the role of cytokines in the development of bone damage in SpA. Other areas surveyed include the pathobiology of bone damage and systemic bone loss (osteoporosis) in SpA and the effects of pharmacological treatment on focal bone damage. Lastly, we present data relative to a survey of bone metabolic assessment in SpA from Italian bone specialist rheumatology centers. The results confirm that most of the attention to bone health is given to postmenopausal subjects and that the aspect of metabolic bone health may still be underrepresented. In our opinion, it may be the time for a call to action to increase the interest in and focus on the diagnosis and management of SpA.
Geotechnical Tests of Sands Following Bioinduced Calcite Precipitation Catalyzed by Indigenous Bacteria

Recentexperimentshaveshownthatexogenousbacteriacanbeintroducedintosoilforthepurposeofinducingcalciteprecipitation. A series of tests are documented in this paper that demonstrate that natural indigenous bacteria can also be stimulated to induce calcite precip- itation with measurable changes in geotechnical properties. Tests reported in this paper include a microcosm experiment with cone-penetration testing and cyclic triaxial shear tests. These experiments demonstrate that indigenous bacteria can induce significant quantities of calcite pre- cipitation, that calcite precipitation can result in measurable changes to geotechnical soil properties, and that the cyclic resistance ratio can be increased substantially with moderate levels of calcite precipitation. Using indigenous bacteria to modify soil properties is a significant step in making biomodification of soils economically viable. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000781. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Biological processes; Soil liquefaction; Cement; Bacteria; Soil stabilization; Earthquake. Author keywords: Biological processes; Liquefaction; Cementation; Bacteria; Calcite; Stabilization; Earthquake; Soil improvement.
Growth Studies on Acrocylindrium oryzae Sawada an Incitant of Sheath rot Disease of Rice

The fungus, Acrocylindrium oryzae Sawada, grow and sporulated well in potato dextrose agar and cats agar media. Among the four liquid media tried. maximum growth and sporulation were in Czapel's medium. The optimum temperature for growth and sporulation of the pathogen was 30-1°C and optimum pH was 6.5. Sucrose and starch were found to be the best among the carbon sources tried while ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate promoted better growth and sporulation among the nitrogen sources tested.
Case Report: Ensartinib for gastric epithelioid inflammatory myofibrosarcoma with STRN-ALK fusion

Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (EIMS) is a highly aggressive malignant subtype of inflammatory myofibroblastoma (IMT) associated with poor prognosis. IMT can occur in various parts of the body, most frequently in the lungs, followed by the mesentery, omentum, retroperitoneum, and pelvis, among other areas; however, it is exceptionally rare in the stomach. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a critical driver of lung cancer development and is currently the “gold standard” target for non-small cell lung cancer treatment. However, there are few reports on the use of ALK inhibitors for EIMS, necessitating further investigation. A male patient with postoperative inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma of the stomach received postoperative chemotherapy and had a stable outcome. However, a repeat CT scan performed 11 months later revealed disease progression. The patient later underwent immunohistochemistry testing that indicated ALK positivity, and next-generation sequencing revealed STRN-ALK fusion. Ensartinib 225 mg qd was administered as recommended, and the patient experienced only mild pruritus and no adverse effects such as rash. Eight months after CT follow-up, the patient’s subseptal soft tissue nodules had decreased, and the outcome was assessed as a partial response. The findings of this case report introduce a novel strategy for treating ALK-positive EIMS that utilizes ensartinib, a drug with previously demonstrated success in the treatment of ALK-positive cancer.
The Caldwell Group lavas of southern Quebec: MORB-like tholeiites associated with the opening of Iapetus Ocean

The Caldwell Group belongs to the Internal Nappe Domain of the Humber Zone and consists of basaltic lavas, quartzo-feldspathic sandstones, and mudslates. The lavas are clinopyroxene ± plagioclase ± olivine-phyric tholeiites, and are typically altered to epidote-, chlorite-, carbonate-, and (or) hematite-rich secondary assemblages. In most cases, the high field strength elements do not appear to have been perturbed by the alteration, and preserve magmatic signatures. Most Caldwell basalts exhibit coupled major and trace element variations compatible with low- to medium-pressure ( 10 kbar, where 1 kbar = 100 MPa) fractional crystallization. Paleotectonic discriminants imply an ocean-floor or normal mid-ocean ridge basalt (N-MORB) affinity. Most basalts have flat N-MORB-normalized profiles, except for the highly incompatible elements (Ba, Th, Nb), which show slight relative enrichment. Melting models suggest that most of these lavas formed by about 20% melting from a mantle slightly less depleted than fertil.
The Relationship between Nurses’ Self-Efficacy and Occupational Stress in the Critical Care Unit at King Abdul-Aziz Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Background: Nursing as a profession is considered highly stressful, with job-related stress adversely affecting nurses' health and abilities to manage job demands. The high levels of stress that nurses experience at work increase their risk of developing physical and mental health problems. It is well-known that stress is a major risk factor, while general self-efficacy (GSE) is a significant protective factor. To address this challenge, hospitals should implement a comprehensive strategy that enhances nurses' general self-efficacy and social support, among other measures. Methods: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional research design and recruited 117 critical care nurses (CCN) from King Abdulaziz Hospital (KAAH) using the convenience non-probability sampling technique. Results: The present study revealed that most nurses had high self-efficacy (31.30 ± 6.14), above the cut-off score of 22. However, most of them also reported having moderate occupational stress levels (45.62 ± 20.15) above the cut-off score of 39. It also showed that none of their demographics was significantly related to self-efficacy ( p > 0.05), except for their years of experience ( p = 0.004). Additionally, the occupational stress of the nurses did not depend on their demographics ( p > 0.05). Moreover, the results also showed no significant relationship between the nurses’ self-efficacy and occupational stress ( p = 0.199). Conclusion: Nurses often experience work-related stress that can impede their professional performance and affect their well-being. To mitigate stress, nurses must employ cognitive strategies to monitor their efficacy as workers. This study found no significant relationship between the nurses’ self-efficacy and occupational stress. Therefore, additional research is required to confirm or disprove the results of this study.
Synthesis of various ionospheric convection patterns for IMF BY-dominated periods: Split crescent cells, exchange cells, and theta aurora formation

[1] When the dawn-to-dusk component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF BY) is dominant, ionospheric convection exhibits a distorted two-cell pattern with its dawn-dusk and interhemispheric asymmetries regulated by the IMF BY polarity. For BY > 0, the convection in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere usually consists of a relatively round cell on the duskside (dawnside) and a crescent-shaped cell on the dawnside (duskside); for BY < 0, the dawn-dusk relationship is reversed. However, deviations from the basic round/crescent cell pattern are sometimes seen. Such nonstandard convection patterns include the dayside-enhanced crescent cell pattern, nightside-enhanced crescent cell pattern, split crescent cell pattern, and exchange cell pattern. Although at times the nonstandard convection patterns appear to be quite different from the basic round/crescent cell pattern, the underlying physical processes (i.e., the types of reconnection) and field line topologies are basically the same. We show that these various convection patterns can be synthesized by considering the topologies of magnetic field lines involved in eight types of reconnection. We also discuss the formation mechanism of the theta aurora configuration in terms of magnetic topology and ionospheric convection. The theta aurora configuration results from transient reconnection-driven convection when an IMF BY polarity switch reconfigures the exchange cell pattern. The bifurcation of the polar cap occurs as a consequence of accumulation of closed magnetic flux in the sunward return flow region of the round cell and intrusion of open magnetic flux into the “sub polar cap” that had been established by the primary exchange cell prior to the IMF change.
An interpretation of trace gas correlations during Barrow, Alaska, winter dark periods, 1986–1997

Positive correlations among CO, CO2, and CH4 during winter–spring have been observed at Barrow, Alaska, for many years. We examine these, as well as negative correlations between O3 and these gases, during the winter dark period. Because biogenic and photochemical processes are limited within this environment, we believe that pollution is driving these relationships. The dearth of mixing processes within the Arctic basin, the strong stability of the winter boundary layer, and lack of sunlight (and hence low OH) contribute to the winter–spring maxima in CO, CO2, and CH4. We hypothesize that the negative correlation of O3 with these gases is the result of O3 titration by NO and NO2 (NOx) in industrial plumes, which leads to the destruction of one to two molecules of O3 per NO emitted. Using the empirical slopes of O3/CO2 and O3/CO determined from 12 years of Barrow data, we derived emission factors, ΔNOx/ΔCO2 and ΔNOx/ΔCO, assuming −1.5 O3/NO because of titration. Comparing these with published emission factors for NOx, CO2, and CO from industrial processes, we found good agreement. This pollution signature is regionally widespread, although air parcels transported from the direction of Siberia have the highest mixing ratios of pollutant gases. Possible scenarios leading to these trace gas relationships are explored.
Determinants of Job Satisfaction Among Work-From-Home Malaysians During Pandemic: Application of Job Demands-Resources Model

Work From Home (WFH) or telework is gaining its popularity all over the world, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has forced the organizations to embark on vitrual work environment even though many were not prepared for such changes. This study examined the determinants of job satisfaction among the new home workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia by applying the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model. The data were collected from 370 respondents across various industries through online questionnaire survey. Out of the 370 respondents, 30.5% of the respondents specializing in education/training, 24.6% are in accounting/banking/finance, 15.9% are in computer/IT and \the remaining 29% are from other fields such as administration/HR, marketing/sales, manufacturing, engineering, art/media/communication, sciences, services and others. The findings based on the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis suggests that social isolation, suitability of home workspace, organizational supports, job autonomy and perceived self competency have significant influences on employees’ job satisfaction while working from home. This study offers valuable insights to organizations regarding sustainable human resource management strategies during the pandemic. It suggests that various forms of organizational support should be extended to employees during times of difficulties and uncertainties.
Frequent shifts of the volcanic zone in Iceland

The heterogeneous and locally anomalously thick Icelandic upper crust cannot be fully explained with current models of crustal construction. A model that invokes frequent shifts of the volcanic zone (accreting plate boundary) is proposed as an alternative. Three important parameters, which result from a complex history of shifting, determine the upper crustal structure of Iceland: (1) the time interval between two successive shifts, (2) the scale of lateral displacements of the volcanic zone, and (3) the intensity of volcanism at each volcanic zone.
Move Odyssey in China: rural-urban migration and subsequent relocation in cities

It may be a long series of wanderings or adventures filled with notable experiences and hardships that a rural person in current China migrates into urban area and attempts to relocate in it. Hukou conversion, family separation, and job opportunity become the three main barriers for rural migrants transform into urban citizen. Academic identification has verified there is full of risks for the expectations and consequences of residential mobility in China as to a rural family. An empirical exploration is necessary to examine the role of hukou conversion and marriage in the mechanism of residential mobility. However, lack of the most appropriate dataset, CHARLS dataset becomes the second-best. The empirical results reflect residential mobility dynamics in China have destroyed the original system of rural family. The waiting time of hukou conversion has exhaust youth and vigour of migrants. The regression analysis provides a further insight of economic variables including years prepared for moving within the county/city and years prepared for moving into the county/city. The subsequent discussion expands understanding millions of migrants’ adverse situations, the positive and negative impact of multiple social forces on their lives. In the end, direction of future research is discussed.