Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aqueous Mulberry Leaf Extract Ameliorates Alcoholic Liver Injury Associating with Upregulation of Ethanol Metabolism and Suppression of Hepatic Lipogenesis

Excessive alcohol intake is a major cause of chronic liver damage and is highly associated with the development of a spectrum of hepatic disorders, including steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Thus, we aimed to explore the hepatoprotective effects of an aqueous mulberry leaf extract (AME) on alcoholic fatty liver disorder (AFLD) by using a mouse model fed with excessive ethanol. Compared with the normal diet, the ethanol diet significantly increased the body weight of the mice, while the AME supplement reduced the weight gain caused by the ethanol diet. The ethanol diet also attenuated the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes but increased lipid peroxidation in the liver, which were reversed by AME supplementation. Additionally, AME supplementation diminished the ethanol diet-induced hepatic leukocyte infiltration and expressions of IL-6 and TNFα. Moreover, AME supplementation also reduced the ethanol-diet-induced lipid accumulation and expression of 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, low-density lipoprotein receptor, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1/2 in the liver. Collectively, AME supplementation improved liver lipid accumulation and proinflammatory response in mice induced by the ethanol diet, which was associated with the upregulation of ethanol-metabolizing enzymes and the downregulation of lipogenesis components.
Long-term outcomes of 170 brain arteriovenous malformations treated by frameless image-guided robotic stereotactic radiosurgery

Abstract This study was conducted to report long-term outcomes of the frameless robotic stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) at Ramathibodi Hospital. Retrospective data of patients with brain AVM (bAVM), who underwent CyberKnife SRS (CKSRS) at Ramathibodi Hospital from 2009 to 2014, were examined. Exclusion criteria were insufficient follow-up time (<36 months) or incomplete information. Patients’ demographics, clinical presentation, treatment parameters, and results were analyzed. Excellent outcome was defined as AVM obliteration without a new neurological deficit. Risk factors for achieving excellent outcome were assessed. From a total of 277 CKSRS treatments for bAVM during the 6 years, 170 AVMs in 166 patients met the inclusion criteria. One hundred and thirty-nine cases (81.76%) presented with hemorrhages from ruptured bAVMs. Almost two-thirds underwent embolization before radiosurgery. With the median AVM volume of 4.17 mL, three-quarters of the cohort had single-fraction CKSRS, utilizing the median prescribed dose of 15 Gray (Gy). In the multisession group (25.29%), the median prescribed dose and the AVM volume were 27.5 Gy and 22.3 mL, respectively. An overall excellent outcome, at a median follow-up period of 72.45 months, was observed in 99 cases (58.24%). Seven AVMs (4.12%) ruptured after CKSRS but 1 patient suffered a new neurological deficit. Two patients (1.18%) were classified into the poor outcome category but there were no deaths. Negative factors for excellent outcome, by multivariate regression analysis, were the male sex and multisession SRS delivery, but not age, history of AVM rupture, previous embolization, or AVM volume. Despite relatively larger bAVM and utilizing a lower prescribed radiation dose, the excellent outcome was within the reported range from previous literature. This study offers one of the longest follow-ups and the largest cohorts from the frameless image-guided robotic SRS community.
A High Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio Is Associated With Increased Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is an inexpensive and simple inflammatory marker. A higher ratio, indicative of an acute hyperinflammatory response or diminished overall physiologic health status, has been associated with poor prognoses. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic potential of admission neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients admitted to the medical ICU with coronavirus disease 2019. Design: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Setting: Medical ICU from a large medical center. Patients: 2,071 consecutive patients admitted to the medical ICU with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 between March 15, 2020, and December 30, 2020, were grouped by neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio above or below the median (7.45) at the time of hospital admission. Interventions: Complete blood count with differential at the time of hospital admission. Measurements and Main Results: A neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio above 7.45 at the time of hospital admission was associated with increased need for mechanical ventilation (45.8% vs 38.0%, p < 0.0001), vasopressor therapy (55.6% vs 48.2%, p = 0.001), and decreased survival through 180 days (54.8% vs 67.0%, p < 0.0001). Patients with a high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio exhibited a 1.32 (95% CI, 1.14–1.54) times greater risk of mortality than those with a low neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. Conclusions: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio at the time of hospital admission is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality. This prognostic indicator may assist clinicians appropriately identify patients at heightened risk for a severe disease course and tailor treatment accordingly.
Cardiac Myxoma: Typical Presentation but Unusual Histology

Cardiac myxoma, a benign heart tumor, is the most common primary tumor of the heart. Glandular differentiation within these tumors is rare, occurring in approximately 3% of all cardiac myxomas. Its presence can complicate the diagnostic process. A 43-year-old Saudi male was referred with a two-month history of progressively increasing shortness of breath. Cardiovascular examination demonstrated a soft first heart sound with a plopping sound in the mitral area and a mid-diastolic murmur. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a large mass attached to the interatrial septum. A diagnosis of cardiac myxoma was made, and the patient underwent en bloc resection of the mass. Microscopic evaluation of the resected mass showed a neoplastic lesion with two components: first, a typical myxoma consisting of stellate and spindle cells in a myxomatous/hemorrhagic background; second, a glandular component consisting of separate, fused, and cribriform acini embedded within the myxomatous component. The acini were lined by a single row of columnar epithelial cells with basal nuclei and apical mucin. Occasional goblet cells were also identified. The postoperative period was uneventful, and on his recent follow-up in the clinic (nine months after the surgery), the patient is doing well with no complications. Herein, we emphasize the importance of accurately diagnosing such an entity, as it can be easily confused for a metastatic adenocarcinoma, especially in patients with a history of malignancy.
Relationship between ABO blood group and gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder syndrome in women during pregnancy. If effective measures are not taken to intervene in the early stage of GDM, severe effects will damage maternal and infant health. ABO is the most important human blood group system. A large number of studies have displayed that ABO blood group is associated with many diseases. At present, the risk relationship between ABO blood group and GDM is controversial. The purpose of this study is to explore the risk relationship between ABO blood group and GDM by meta-analysis, thus providing basis for the prevention and treatment of GDM. Methods: An electronic database, including Embase, Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Chinese databases SinoMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journals Database and Wanfang Data, will be used to search for studies of ABO blood group and GDM. The language will be limited to Chinese and English. The two reviewers will be responsible for the selection of the study, the extraction of data and the evaluation of the quality of the research. All statistical analyses will be carried out using Review Manager 5.3. Results: The results of this meta-analysis will be published in peer-reviewed journals. Conclusion: This study will provide evidence to support the relationship between ABO blood group and the risk of GDM Ethics and dissemination: The private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also will not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval is not required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences. OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/W6QSX.
Mechanisms of storage and release of S-nitrosothiols from the vascular endothelium

Evidence suggests that the vasodilator actions of S-nitrosothiols more closely resemble those of endothelium-dependent-relaxing factor (EDRF) than do those of nitric oxide (NO). S-nitrosothiols such as L-S-nitrosocysteine are thought to be stored within cytoplasmic vesicles in endothelial cells. Stimulation of endothelial cells with agonists or shear stress is thought to mobilize these vesicles by exocytotic mechanisms. We have shown that cytoplasmic vesicles exists in the endothelium of rat cerebral and basilar arteries, and in small rat pulmonary, mesenteric and femoral arteries. The presence of these vesicles suggests that a ubiquitous process, namely, vesicular exocytosis, may be involved in the ability of the endothelium to regulate vascular tone. This study demonstrates the presence of NADPH diaphorase positive vesicles, which may be a histochemical marker for S-nitrosothiols, rather than for NO synthase. We have demonstrated that endothelial cells contain fusion proteins necessary for vesicular exocytosis at the light level and ultrastructurally. Ultrastructurally, vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) was shown to be closely associated with the vesicle membrane, while synaptosomal-associated protein of 25KDa (SNAP-25) and syntaxin were located in the endothelial cell membrane. The fusion proteins are therefore ideally located for core complex formation, which precedes exocytosis. We found that the endothelium-dependent agonist, acetylcholine, elicited a pronounced relaxation of small pulmonary, mesenteric and femoral arteries. This observation was paired with a significant increase in the number of fused vesicles at the endothelial cell membrane. In systemic arteries, hypoxia elicited relaxation and an increase in the numbers of fused vesicles at the endothelial cell membrane. In the small pulmonary artery, hypoxia elicited vasoconstriction and an increase in the number of fused vesicles. These results support the possibility that endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to stimuli such as shear stress and hypoxia is achieved by (1) mobilization of S-nitrosothiol-containing vesicles to the endothelial plasma membrane, (2) fusion of the vesicle to the plasma membrane and then exocytosis (release), and (3) S-nitrosothiolmediated relaxation of vascular smooth muscle.
A Review Leveraging a Rare and Unusual Case of Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a rare nonacinar variant of prostatic carcinoma. In spite of prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma being one of the most common carcinomas in prostate, <100 prostatic BCC cases have been reported to date. Adenoid cystic/cribriform histology has been described in varying proportions to occur in prostatic BCC and is reported to be associated with aggressive behavior and high risk of metastasis. Herein, we present a case of prostatic BCC with adenoid cystic morphology, comprehensively describe its immunohistochemical and MYB/MYBL1 gene rearrangement findings, discuss its differential diagnosis, and review the literature of this rare entity.
Severity and Mortality Associated with Steroid Use among Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background There are controversial suggestions about steroid use to treat patients infected with COVID-19. Conclusive evidence regarding the use of steroids to treat COVID-19 is still lacking. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the mortality and severity associated with corticosteroid therapy compared to noncorticosteroid treatment in patients with COVID-19. Methods The information was collected from electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google scholar through January 30, 2021. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed using random effect models. Endnote citation manager software version X9 for Windows was utilized to collect and organize search outcomes (into relevant and irrelevant studies) and to remove duplicate articles. Results Thirty-two studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 14,659 COVID-19 patients. No significant differences in mortality between the steroid and nonsteroid treatment groups (RR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.80–1.13; p = 0.57). There was no significant reduction in mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with corticosteroid (RR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.62–1.27; p = 0.52). Significant differences were observed in severe disease conditions between the steroid and nonsteroid treatment groups (RR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03–1.19, p = 0.007). Conclusion There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality between the steroid and nonsteroid treatment users' of COVID-19 patients. There was no significant reduction of all-cause mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients treated with corticosteroids.
The magnitude and associated factors of post-operative pain at Debre Tabor compressive specialized hospital, Debre Tabor Ethiopia, 2018

Objectives: Post-operative pain is a form of acute pain following surgical intervention. And it is due to skin incision, tissue dissection, manipulation, and traction during the surgical procedure. The magnitude may reach up to 85.5% globally. Age, gender, duration of surgery, and length of skin incision were the common factors for post-operative pain. This study aims to assess the magnitude and associated factors of post-operative pain among surgical patients. Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used. The study was conducted on a total of 159 surgical patients aged 8 years and above. The data were collected using chart review and recording the status of post-operative pain by the result of the Numeric Rating Scale at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 72 h of the post-operative period. Descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression were used. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine the association. A p-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results: The majority (58.5%) of the study participants were females. The percentage of moderate to severe post-operative pain (Numeric Rating Scale: 4 and above) was between 37.7% within 1 h and 76.7% at 6 h of post-operative period. On multivariable logistic regression being female gender, preoperative pain and large skin incision were significantly associated with post-operative pain. Conclusions: Post-operative pain is still high which needs the attention of health professionals working on surgical patients and considering factors associated with post-operative pain.
Bipolar Bone Defects in Shoulders With Primary Instability: Dislocation Versus Subluxation

Background: In shoulders with traumatic anterior instability, a bipolar bone defect has been recognized as an important indicator of the prognosis. Purpose: To investigate bipolar bone defects at primary instability and compare the difference between dislocation and subluxation. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: There were 156 shoulders (156 patients) including 91 shoulders with dislocation and 65 shoulders with subluxation. Glenoid defects and Hill-Sachs lesions were classified into 5 size categories on 3-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scans and were allocated scores ranging from 0 (no defect) to 4 points (very large defect). To assess the combined size of the glenoid defect and Hill-Sachs lesion, the scores for both lesions were summed (range, 0-8 points). Patients in the dislocation and subluxation groups were compared regarding the prevalence of a glenoid defect, a bone fragment of bony Bankart lesion, a Hill-Sachs lesion, a bipolar bone defect, and an off-track Hill-Sachs lesion. Then, the combined size of the bipolar bone defects was compared between the dislocation and subluxation groups and among patients stratified by age at the time of CT scanning (<20, 20-29, and ≥30 years). Results: Hill-Sachs lesions were observed more frequently in the dislocation group (75.8%) compared with the subluxation group (27.7%; P < .001), whereas the prevalence of glenoid defects was not significantly different between groups (36.3% vs 29.2%, respectively; P = .393). The combined defect size was significantly larger in the dislocation versus subluxation group (mean ± SD combined defect score, 2.1 ± 1.6 vs 0.8 ± 0.9 points, respectively; P < .001) due to a larger Hill-Sachs lesion at dislocation than subluxation (glenoid defect score, 0.5 ± 0.9 vs 0.3 ± 0.6 points [P = .112]; Hill-Sachs lesion score, 1.6 ± 1.2 vs 0.4 ± 0.7 points [P < .001]). Combined defect size was larger in older patients than younger patients in the setting of dislocation (combined defect score, <20 years, 1.6 ± 1.2 points; 20-29 years, 1.9 ± 1.5 points; ≥30 years, 3.4 ± 1.6 points; P < .001) but was not different in the setting of subluxation (0.8 ± 1.0, 0.7 ± 0.9, and 0.8 ± 0.8 points, respectively; P = .885). An off-track Hill-Sachs lesion was observed in 2 older patients with dislocation but was not observed in shoulders with subluxation. Conclusion: The bipolar bone defect was significantly more frequent, and the combined size was greater in shoulders with primary dislocation and in older patients (≥30 years).
Enamel Surface Damage following Debonding of Ceramic Brackets: A Hospital-Based Study

Methods The current study includes 80 extracted premolars of human from the patient visiting for orthodontic treatment of Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Karnataka, India. The brackets were debonded using four different methods. The enamel surface damage after the procedure was assessed with the Enamel Surface Index (ESI); similarly, the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) score was used to determine the adhesive residual deposit. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize better microporosities and micromechanical retention of adhesive remnants on the enamel surface. The normality of the data was tested using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Depending upon the normality test result, the one-way ANOVA test or Kruskal–Wallis test was used to test the mean ESI and mean ARI differences among different debonding methods along with the appropriate post hoc tests. The necessary ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the institute. Results The ultrasonic scaler (US) technique led to more significant enamel surface damage, with 13 (65%) samples in the ESI scores III and IV against the satisfactory surface in 2 (10%) samples with the ligature cutter (LC) technique (ESI-I) reflecting LC as a better technique. The ESI scores (III and IV) for debonding plier (DP) and thermal method (TM) reflected a higher value in 12 (60%) and 10 (50%) samples and caused more damage to the enamel surface as compared to the LC technique. The ARI score was highest (ARI-1 = 40%) with the LC technique, followed by the US (ARI-1 = 20%), TM (ARI-1 = 15%), and DP (ARI-1 = 5%) methods. We have observed a significant association (p value <0.05) of the ARI score among four different debonding ways in terms of each tooth's residual adhesive after the bracket removal. Conclusion The result establishes the LC technique as a more acceptable one as it causes minimal harm to the debonded surface. The adhesive left on the debonded area is also minimum as compared to the other three methods tested. Therefore, it can be suggested as an ideal method.
Multi-gene phylogenetic evidence indicates that Pleurodesmospora belongs in Cordycipitaceae (Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae) and Pleurodesmospora lepidopterorum sp. nov. on pupa from China

Abstract A new species, Pleurodesmospora lepidopterorum, isolated from a pupa, is introduced. Morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses based on multigene datasets (ITS+RPB1+RPB2+TEF) support the establishment of the new species. Pleurodesmospora lepidopterorum is distinguished from P. coccorum by its longer conidiogenous pegs located in the terminal or lateral conidiophores, and smaller subglobose or ellipsoidal conidia. A combined dataset of RPB1, RPB2, and TEF confirmed the taxonomic placement of Pleurodesmospora in Cordycipitaceae for the first time.
High-dose vitamin C intravenous infusion in the treatment of patients with COVID-19

Abstract Background: Patients infected with a virus usually lack vitamin C. High-dose vitamin C has an antiviral effect, and has been used by several researchers to treat COVID-19 by intravenous infusion, achieving good results. However, the efficacy and safety of vitamin C in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 remain unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of high-dose vitamin C infusion in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Methods: Electronic databases were searched, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, Chinese Wanfang database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature database. The aim was to collect randomized controlled trials of high-dose vitamin C infusion in the treatment of patients with COVID-19, with the retrieval time being from the establishment of the database to March 2021. In accordance with the pre-designed inclusion/exclusion criteria, all data were extracted independently by 2 researchers. To assess the risk bias in the studies, the Cochrane collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias was used to assess the risk bias in the studies, while meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 software. Results: In the present study, a high-quality comprehensive evaluation is provided of high-dose vitamin C infusion in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: Further convincing evidence for the clinical treatment of COVID-19 is provided, in addition to evidence-based guidance for clinical practice. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42021246342.