Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of P Wave Indices in Healthy Standardbred Horses

Simple Summary Electrical activity of the heart is recorded using an electrocardiogram and represented as a series of waveforms. Measurements of the P wave component are used as non-invasive markers of remodelling and susceptibility to heart disease in humans. However, their usefulness has not been fully investigated in animals. The aim of this study was to measure P wave indices in healthy standardbred horses and investigate variables that might influence them. We found significant associations with exercise status as well as a positive correlation with exercise duration (number of years raced). These findings are similar to those reported in human athletes versus sedentary individuals. These changes are likely to be associated with the remodelling of the heart chambers that occurs with exercise training and may explain why these athletes are at increased risk of heart rhythm disturbances. Abstract P wave indices are used as non-invasive electrocardiographic markers of atrial remodelling in humans. Few studies have investigated their use in animals. The aim of this study was to measure P wave duration and P wave dispersion (Pd) in healthy standardbred horses and investigate variables that might influence these measurements. A 12-lead electrocardiogram was recorded at rest and P wave indices were calculated in 53 horses. A general linear model was used to investigate the main effects: age, bodyweight, sex, resting heart rate, presence of a murmur, exercise status and the number of years raced. There were significant associations with exercise status for both the maximum P wave duration and Pd, with both values being increased in strenuously exercising versus non-active horses. Furthermore, a significant moderate positive correlation was identified between the duration of exercise (number of years raced) and both Pmax and Pd. No other significant associations were identified. These findings are similar to those reported in elite human athletes versus sedentary individuals. The increases in these P wave indices most likely occur due to prolongation and heterogeneity in atrial conduction time, which are associated with structural and electrical remodelling, and may explain the increased risk of atrial fibrillation in athletic horses.
Seasonal and interannual variability of the stratosphere diagnosed from UKMO TOVS analyses

UK Meteorological Office (UKMO) TOVS analyses are used to show that the record of satellite radiance measurements is now long enough to capture the vast majority of year‐to‐year variability in the stratosphere. Given this, a climatology of the stratosphere is constructed and used to identify robust but detailed features of the seasonal evolution in the northern and southern hemispheres. Interannual variability is also investigated. In the northern winter stratosphere, the interannual variability in geopotential height increases monotonically towards the pole. In contrast, in the southern hemisphere the largest interannual variability occurs in a collar of high values surrounding a low‐variability region over the pole. For the Tropics, we show that quasi‐biennial and semiannual oscillations in the tropical zonal wind can be derived from the geopotential‐height analyses. However, comparisons of tropical winds from three different methods of analysis show that the current meridional resolution of the analysis limits the accuracy of the stratospheric winds over the equator. Finally, the satellite radiance data are used to derive updated temperature trends for the stratosphere. These show a cooling trend throughout most of the stratosphere that increases with height above the tropopause and exceeds 2 K per decade at the stratopause.
Aspherical Manifolds with Virtually 3-Step Nilpotent Fundamental Group

A closed aspherical manifold of dimension ? 3, 4 with virtually 3-step nilpotent fundamental group supports a complete affinely flat structure. Topological and Seifert Bundle classifications are given for a special case called Seifert relatives of flat Riemannian manifolds. We use the Seifert fiber space construction as a main tool. 0. Introduction. It is well-known that given a torsion-free virtually poly-Z group ir, there exists a closed smooth K(-,r, 1) manifold (eg. a double coset space of a Lie group). A question we are interested in is whether such a manifold is homeomorphic to a quotient of R' by an action of a discrete group of affine motions. The best known result seems to be J. Scheuneman's [18], stating that the answer is yes if ir is 3-step nilpotent. In this paper we generalize this to virtually 3-step nilpotent groups (in dimension ? 3, 4). The main idea is to refine the Seifert fiber space construction of P. Conner and F. Raymond [4]. This gives rise to an embedding of such ir into the group of affine motions so that Rm/Ir is compact. Then we apply T. Farrell and W. C. Hsiang's theorem [6] stating that any two closed aspherical manifolds with isomorphic fundamental groups which are virtually nilpotent are homeomorphic in dimension ? 3, 4. This paper is organized as follows. In section 1, we refine the Seifert fiber space construction by restricting the coefficient module to some submodules of M(W, Rk). The main result is that, if the first coboundary homomorphism 6 of certain cohomology exact sequence is surjective, then one can convert the algebraic object (group) into a geometric one (group action). Manuscript received November 23, 1981. Manuscript revised May 14, 1981. *This is a part of the author's Ph.D. Thesis at the University of Michigan, 1981. The second part (geometric realization) will appear as a separate article elsewhere. The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to Professor Frank Raymond for his guidance in this work.
The emerging corporate turn in transitional justice

This essay reviews recent developments in transitional justice (TJ) scholarship that represent an emerging corporate turn in TJ. TJ has traditionally focused primarily on states and state-like actors, a movement that has gone hand in hand with the increasing standardization of TJ as a field of practice. Highlighting some of the limits to this model of TJ, scholars have since early 2000s been calling for the need to include economic actors in the TJ system. These four books that have all been published between 2020 and 2022 reflect a new momentum for this movement within TJ scholarship. They all highlight, in different ways, how complimentary innovative mechanisms and creative legal combinations have led and can lead to holding economic actors accountable for past abuse. Corporate accountability has been a blind spot in the increasingly standardized approach to TJ, but this emerging corporate turn represents a possibility to innovating the TJ standard to include “new” actors as subjects of accountability. All books, however, also show that this is far from a straightforward process as it involves transforming the deeply engrained and rigid international law and human rights system, which have usually protected economic elites and focused on states.
The VSOP 5 GHz Continuum Survey: The Prelaunch VLBA Observations

We have imaged with milliarcsecond resolution at 5 GHz 374 strong flat-spectrum radio sources north of declination -44° using the VLBA in 1996 June. The source sample was compiled from the source list for the VLBI Space Observatory Programme (VSOP) Survey Program. About 250 of the sources observed with the VLBA had correlated flux densities ≥0.3 Jy on the longest VLBA baseline and these sources are currently being observed with VSOP at 5 GHz. This paper presents the results from the VLBA prelaunch observations: the correlated flux density dependence with u-v distance; the contour display of the images; the model fit parameters for each radio component; and improved positions for 62 sources. Comparisons and extensive cross-referencing with other major VLBI surveys are also given.
The moderating role of audit quality between earning management and sustainable investment opportunities: Evidences from gulf cooperation council countries

This study examines the relationship between the earning management and audit quality on sustainable investment opportunities in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, including, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates. Further, moderating relationship of audit quality between earnings management and sustainable investment is also investigated in the present study. This study includes the data of 1337 companies and their-year observations from the period of 2011 to 2017. This study used the Panel Data Ordinary Least Squares with correlated random effect to examine the direct relationship and the moderated multiple regression to examine the moderating effects of audit quality on the earnings management and sustainable investment opportunities relationship. The results demonstrate that the earnings’ management encompasses a significant negative relationship with sustainable investment opportunities but on the other side, it also displays a positive relationship between audit quality and sustainable investment opportunities. Furthermore, the study investigates the moderating effect of audit quality on the relationship of earning management and sustainable in-vestment opportunities. Empirical evidence suggests that the audit quality plays a vital role in mitigating the agency theory problem and reducing the information asymmetry. These findings suggest that the big audit firms act as a good governance representatives for the management and it further enhances the credibility of accounting information for the new investors. This research has several usages for policymakers and investors in the GCC. The investors should assess their choice when they are investing in firms. The big auditing firms mitigates earnings management, which may raise sustainable investment opportunities. Thus, listed firms in the GCC should implement governance and disclosure practices that strengthen the credibility of financial earnings and reduce the danger for investors who later discovers poor investment decisions.
Graphene Oxide and Graphene Quantum Dots as Delivery Systems of Cationic Porphyrins: Photo-Antiproliferative Activity Evaluation towards T24 Human Bladder Cancer Cells

The development of new photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents designed for bladder cancer (BC) treatments is of utmost importance to prevent its recurrence and progression towards more invasive forms. Here, three different porphyrinic photosensitizers (PS) (TMPyP, Zn-TMPyP, and P1-C5) were non-covalently loaded onto graphene oxide (GO) or graphene quantum dots (GQDs) in a one-step process. The cytotoxic effects of the free PS and of the corresponding hybrids were compared upon blue (BL) and red-light (RL) exposure on T24 human BC cells. In addition, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and singlet oxygen generation were measured. TMPyP and Zn-TMPyP showed higher efficiency under BL (IC50: 0.42 and 0.22 μm, respectively), while P1-C5 was more active under RL (IC50: 0.14 μm). In general, these PS could induce apoptotic cell death through lysosomes damage. The in vitro photosensitizing activity of the PS was not compromised after their immobilization onto graphene-based nanomaterials, with Zn-TMPyP@GQDs being the most promising hybrid system under RL (IC50: 0.37 μg/mL). Overall, our data confirm that GO and GQDs may represent valid platforms for PS delivery, without altering their performance for PDT on BC cells.
Defatted Black Soldier Fly Meal in Diet for Grow-Out Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L. 1758): Effects on Growth Performance, Gill Cortisol Level, Digestive Enzyme Activities, and Intestinal Histological Structure

A trial was performed to study the effects of a partially defatted Hermetia illucens (L. 1758) larvae meal (HIM) to replace a fish meal in the diet of an adult gilthead sea bream. The fish were fed for 120 days with diets containing HIM: 0% (CTRL), 25 (HI25), 50 (HI50), and 75% (HI75), corresponding to inclusion levels of 0, 9.2, 18.4, and 27.6%. A digestibility trial was carried out to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC). Growth performance, morphometric and biometric indexes, gill cortisol, status of gut mucosa, and the gut enzymes’ (alkaline proteases, lipase, and amylase) activity were evaluated. Morphometric and biometric indexes, digestibility, gill cortisol, and gut enzymes were not affected by the diet. Conversely, the 27.6% HI inclusion level worsened the specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio. Histology showed no significant differences between CTRL and HI25 groups. Conversely, in many of HI50 and HI75 fish, anatomo-functional changes in the gut were observed. No statistical differences were found among diets for ADC of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and gross energy. The results showed that defatted HIM can be used as an alternative protein source up to 18.4% of the inclusion level without impacting the growth performance, gill cortisol, morphometric and biometric indexes, ADCs, and gut enzymes.
Automated Detection and Localization of Myocardial Infarction With Interpretability Analysis Based on Deep Learning

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a noninvasive, simplest, and fastest way to diagnose myocardial infarction (MI). Although different methods have been leveraged based upon deep learning covered by the existing studies, the spatial–temporal relationship in the lead and between leads has not been deeply analyzed. To address the issue, a novel multilead branch with the residual network integrated with squeeze and excitation networks and bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) model named MLB-ResNet-SENet-BL was presented. First, spatial features were exploited by the morphological information representation network in the lead based on MLB-ResNet. Then, these feature mappings among these spatial features based on SENet were strengthened and weakened by the importance analysis network of feature mapping in the lead, respectively. In addition, the temporal features were extracted by the dependency network between the leads based on BLSTM. Meanwhile, the model was evaluated using fivefold cross validation for MI detection and localization based on PTB and PTB-XL. The resulting model outperforms the state-of-the-art studies for intra-patient and inter-patient paradigms. The interpretability analysis using class activation mapping with gradient (Grad-CAM) was also leveraged for visualization of the specific QRS waves and ST-T segments of 12-leads ECG, which demonstrated that the highlighted parts of heat maps were completely in line with the diagnostic basis and strategy of doctors. Deployment of such models can potentially help ensure the life safety of patients and strive for the best treatment opportunity.
Near-IR (Fe II) emission diagnostics applied to cold disk winds in young stars

We investigate the emissivity properties of the main near-IR transitions of the Fe + ion in the conditions prevailing in the inner regions of jets from young stars, based on a simplified 16-level atom model. We present new diagnostic diagrams involving prominent near-IR line ratios that allow us to constrain the electronic density, temperature, and Fe gas phase abundance ratio, independently of the heating process. Comparison with recent near-IR observations of a sample of HH objects indicates gas phase Fe abundances ranging from 15–50% up to 100% of the solar value (depending on the assumed temperature and on the HH object), in agreement with the moderate depletions previously derived from optical line ratios or shock models. Hence, it appears that Fe-bearing dust is efficiently destroyed in stellar jets. We then use our Fe + emissivity model to predict near-IR [Fe ii] emission maps for self-similar, cold MHD disk wind models. We show that near-IR [Fe ii] lines are stronger than [S ii] λ 6731 and [O i] λ 6300 in the cool regions ($T \le 7000$ K) near the wind base, and that observations in [Fe ii] with AMBER on the VLTI could severely constrain the MHD solution and the inner launch radius of the jet. We also compare theoretical predictions with recent observations in the near-IR [Fe ii] lines of the L1551-IRS5 and DG Tau jets. The cold disk wind model reproduces quite well the two velocity components observed at -100 and -300 km s -1 , although the high velocity component appears overestimated by a factor of 1.5 in the DG Tau jet. However, the model predicts too little emission at intermediate velocities and insufficient densities. Similar problems were encountered in previous model comparisons in the optical range with jets from T Tauri stars. Denser disk winds with stronger heating at the jet base, which have been invoked for optical jets, also appear needed in younger, embedded Class I jet sources.
Thermal infrared stellar interferometry using single-mode guided optics: first scientific results from the IOTA

We report on first scientific observations of a few bright late type stars by direct long baseline interferometry in the thermal infrared (3.4 to 4.1 microns) obtained with the TISIS (Thermal Infrared Stellar Interferometric Set-up) experiment of the IOTA (Infrared and Optical Telescope Array) interferometer. Beam combination is provided by a single-mode fluoride glass coupler optimized for operation in that wavelength domain and yielding visibility measurements with 2% typical relative accuracy. First precise estimations of uniform disk diameters for (alpha) Orionis, (alpha) Herculis, o Ceti and R Leonis are presented in the L band. Very large increase (50 to 70%) in apparent angular diameters have been found for the 2 Mira stars o Ceti and R Leonis with respect to previous measurements obtained at shorter infrared wavelengths and same luminosity phase. Extended optically thin close-by dust shells characterized by Infrared Spatial Interferometer measurements are not found to play a significant role in the observed L band intensity distribution. Gas properties are likely to have a greater impact at these wavelengths. Our o Ceti interferometric observations look indeed in good agreement with the presence of very extended circumstellar gas layers (mostly H2O and SiO) derived from recent Infrared Space Observatory thermal infrared spectral data.
PHYSICAL CONDITIONS AND CARBON-MONOXIDE ABUNDANCE IN THE DARK CLOUD B5

Observations of the J = 2. -->. 1 and J = 1. -->. 0 transitions of /sup 12/CO, /sup 13/CO, and C/sup 18/O in the dark cloud B5 made with the 7 m antenna of Bell Labs and the 14 m antenna of FCRAO are presented. The hydrogen density and CO fractional abundances were determined along the north-south strip through the center of the cloud. The density was found to be fairly uniform over most of the cloud, with a mean value of 1.7 x 10/sup 3/ cm/sup -3/. The fractional abundances of /sup 13/CO and C/sup 18/O decrease sharply on the edge of the cloud by two orders of magnitude from values of 10/sup -6/ and 2 x 10/sup -7/, respectively, which characterize the central 20'. The kinetic temperature is found to rise from a central value of 10--15 K to > or =25 K in the outer regions. This rise in kinetic temperature is consistent with increased heating by the UV radiation field and decreased molecular cooling. Enhancement of /sup 13/CO relative to C/sup 18/O is observed near the outside of the cloud, but it disappears where the temperature rises to >25 K. These observations provide strong support for chemical isotopic fractionationmore » in the outer parts of B5. Evidence for the rotation of the bulk of B5 is presented, while the core appears to be rotating in the opposite sense. The mass of the bulk of B5 is approx.250 M/sub sun/, and that of the core is approx.10 M/sub sun/. In its present state, the cloud appears to be supported against further collapse. « less
Global regularity of generalized magnetic Benard problem

We study the magnetic Bénard problem in two‐dimensional space with generalized dissipative and diffusive terms, namely, fractional Laplacians and logarithmic supercriticality. Firstly, we show that when the diffusive term for the magnetic field is a full Laplacian, the solution initiated from data sufficiently smooth preserves its regularity as long as the power of the fractional Laplacians for the dissipative term of the velocity field and the diffusive term of the temperature field adds up to 1. Secondly, we show that with zero dissipation for the velocity field and a full Laplacian for the diffusive term of the temperature field, the global regularity result also holds when the diffusive term for the magnetic field consists of the fractional Laplacian with its power strictly bigger than 1. Finally, we show that with no diffusion from the magnetic and the temperature fields, the global regularity result remains valid as long as the dissipation term for the velocity field has its strength at least at the logarithmically supercritical level. These results represent various extensions of previous work on both Boussinesq and magnetohydrodynamics systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and characteristics of the plant-frugivore bird network from the Guilin Botanical Garden

The interaction between plants and frugivores is crucial to ecosystem function and community diversity. However, little is known about the interaction between plants and frugivorous bird species in urban green spaces. We observed interactions between plants and frugivorous birds in the Guilin Botanical Garden for one year and determined the structure and characteristics of the interaction network. We also analyzed the impact of species traits on their network roles. Interactions between 14 frugivorous birds and 13 fruit plant species were recorded in the study area. Autumn interactions comprised 38.79% of the overall network, and winter interactions comprised 33.15%. The modularity (Q, z-score) of the network was higher in autumn; the weighted nestedness (wNODF, z-score) and interaction evenness (E2, z-score) of the network were higher in winter; the connectance (C, z-score) and interaction diversity (z-score) of the network were higher in spring; and the specialization (H2′, z-score) of the network was higher in summer. The observed network showed lower C, lower interaction H2, lower E2 , lower wNODF, higher H2′ and higher Q when compared to the random networks. The bird species most important to network stability were Hemixos castanonotus, Parus venustulus, and Pycnonotus sinensis. The most important plant species were Alocasia macrorrhiza, Cinnamomum camphora, and Machilus nanmu. Of all the bird and plant traits included in this study, only plant color had a significant impact on species strength, with black fruit having a higher species strength. Our results suggest that interaction networks in urban green spaces can be temporally complex and variable and that a network approach can be an important monitoring tool for detecting the status of crucial ecosystem functions.