Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
不同林龄油松( Pinus tabulaeformis )人工林植物、凋落物与土壤C、N、P化学计量特征

在陕西省北部延安市境内子午岭林区，采用时空互代的方法选取9、23、33、47年生油松（Pinus tabuliformis）人工林为研究对象，比较油松不同器官（叶、枝、干、根）、凋落物及土壤C、N、P含量及其比值的差异，探讨它们随林龄的变化及其相互间的关系，以期为油松人工林的生产、改善和林木生长环境的调节提供参考。 结果表明：除根中C含量在林龄间差异不显著外，其它器官C、N、P含量及其比值在林龄间均差异显著且随林龄增加变化趋势不尽相同。 9、23、33、47年生油松林C、N、P含量及N：P比值均在叶中最高；C：N比值均在干中最高，根中次之；C：P比值均在干中最高，其它器官大小次序不一。 除33年生油松林叶中N：P比值大于14外，其它各器官各林龄N：P比值均小于14，且N：P比值随林龄先增加后减少，故可判断油松在该区域受N限制较为严重，且随林龄的增加受N限制的情况有所缓解。 不同林龄土壤和凋落物C、N、P含量及其比值差异显著，且后者均大于前者。 土壤与凋落物C、P含量及C：N、C：P、N：P比值随林龄增加变化趋势完全一致，表明土壤与凋落物之间有着密切的关系。 叶片与凋落物N、P含量及C：N、C：P、N：P比值之间显著相关，表明凋落物的养分承自植物叶片，二者之间关系紧密；植物和土壤的C、N、P含量之间均不存在显著相关性，说明土壤C、N、P供应量对乔木叶片C、N、P含量影响不大。
Design and Synthesis of Peptide and Peptidomimetics Involved in Antiretroviral and Anticancer Therapies

Abstract Unit 1 The development of new anti-HIV-1 drugs is a global need, due to the resistance and the side effects arising from the therapies currently in use, for this reason we focused on an innovative target, the nucleocapsidic chaperonic protein(NC) of HIV-1 virus, which is involved in many steps of the virus replication, expecially the trascription. Moreover it plays a role of mediator in the annealing reaction of TAR with cTAR. 2,6-Dipeptidyl-anthraquinones are a promising class of nucleic acid-binding compounds that act as NC inhibitors in vitro. We designed, synthesized and tested new series of 2,6-disubstituted-anthraquinones, which are able to bind viral nucleic acid substrates of NC. We demonstrated that these novel derivatives interact preferentially with non-canonical structures of TAR and cTAR, stabilize their dynamics structures, such as bulge and loop, and interfere with NC chaperone activity.
Impact of Some Environmental Factors and Microbes Causing Respiratory Diseases on Antioxidant Levels in Small Ruminants

The present study was aimed to investigate some oxidative stress indices in the erythrocytes of two sheep groups (healthy and diseased) at North Western Coastal Zone of Egypt which may be affected with some environmental factors {levels of some antioxidant trace elements copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) in water and ration } and microbes causing respiratory diseases (nasal swabs were taken from animals for bacterial identification) which the most dominant diseases in desert due to its sever climatic conditions. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Klebseilla pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella spp. and E. coli were isolated to define the role of bacteria in oxidative stress. Klebseilla pneumoniae was the dominant isolated bacteria. The same trace elements were estimated in the serum samples of the two groups. Oxidative stress in the infected sheep was evaluated by determining various serum biomarkers as the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocyte haemolysate and catalase (CAT) in serum, the mean values of which were 225.67±15.34 U/L, 145.33±15.52 U/L and 713.50±34.92 U/L respectively and serum biochemicals (albumin (Alb), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), urea and creatinine), the mean values of which were 2.13±0.27 mg/dl, 13.870. 61 IU/L, 6.03± 0.43 IU/L, 50.17±0.95 mg/dl and 0.88±0.044 mg/dl respectively. The levels of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase decreased significantly (p 0.05) in the infected sheep as compared to that in healthy ones. By contrast, catalase activity was non-significantly decreased in the infected group compared to control one. On the basis of the altered levels of some antioxidant trace elements, serum biomarkers of oxidative stress (enzymatic antioxidant activities) and serum biochemicals (Alb, AST, ALT, urea and creatinine), it was concluded that the animals affected with these environmental factors and microbes developed oxidative stress. The findings suggested the relevance of periodic assessment of oxidative status in ruminants for healthier management through supplementation of these trace elements to the ration and combating bacterial infections.
Experimental evidence for importance of male parental care in monogamous house wrens

Sparrows. Pages 381-406 in Avian genetics (F. Cooke and P. A. Buckley, Eds.). Academic Press, London. PARKIN, D. T. , AND R. S. COLE. 1984. Genetic variation in the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in the east midlands of England. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 23:287-301. PARKIN, D. T. , AND R. S. COLE. 1985. Genetic variation and rates of evolution in some populations of the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) in Australia and New Zealand. Heredity 54:15-23. PYLE, P., S. N. G. HOWELL, R. P. YANUK, AND D. F. DESANTE. 1987. Identification guide to North American passerines. Slate Creek Press, Bolinas, California. RETZLAFF, G. A. 1989. The effect of winter conditions on allozymic and morphological variation in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus). M.S. thesis, Univ. North Dakota, Grand Forks. SELANDER, R. K. , M. H. SMITH, S. Y. YANG, W. E. JOHNSON, AND J. B. GENTRY. 1971. Biochemical polymorphism and systematics in the genus Peromyscus. I. Variation in the old-field mouse (Peromyscus polionotus). Univ. Texas Publ. Zool. 7103: 49-90. ST. Louis, V. L. , AND J. C. BARLOW. 1988. Genetic differentiation among ancestral and introduced populations of the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus). Evolution 42:266-276. SUMMERS-SMITH, J. D. 1963. The House Sparrow. Collins, London. ZINK, R. M. 1986. Patterns and evolutionary significance of geographic variation in the Schistacea group of the Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca). Ornithol. Monogr. 40:1-119. ZINK, R. M. , M. F. SMITH, AND J. L. PATTON. 1985. Associations between heterozygosity and morphological variance. J. Hered. 76:415-420. ZINK, R. M. , AND D. J. WATT. 1987. Allozymic correlates of dominance ranks in sparrows. Auk 104: 415-420.
Differential niche response of Bouteloua gracilis and Pascopyrum smithii to VA mycorrhizae

ALLEN, M. F. , (Dept. Biology, UMC 45, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322) E. B. ALLEN (Dept. Range Science, UMC 52, Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322), AND P. D. ST AHL (Dept. Botany, Univ. Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071). Differential niche response of Boutelouagracilis and Pascopyrum smithii to VA mycorrhizae. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 111: 361-365. 1984. -The seasonality of Glomus fasciculatum associated with Bouteloua gracilis and Pascopyrum smithii was contrasted in the field, as well as the effects of this vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus on physiological parameters of these grasses in the greenhouse. Arbuscule formation was earlier in P. smithii, which has C3 photophysiology, than in the C.4 B. gracilis. Soil spore densities were highest in fall samples of both grasses. Both grasses exhibited lower stomatal resistance and increased photosynthesis with VAM formation, but these changes were 36% greater for B. gracilis. B. gracilis has a greater percentage of VAM infection than P. smithii in the field, but % of the root length infected in the two grasses was similar in the greenhouse. We hypothesize that the greater niche response of B. gracilis than P. smithii to VAM, coupled with their differing phenologies, enable coexistence of the two grasses.
Impact of six lignocellulosic biochars on C and N dynamics of two contrasting soils

Both soil and biochar properties are known to influence greenhouse gas emissions from biochar‐amended soils, but poor understanding of underlying mechanisms challenges prediction and modeling. Here, we examine the effect of six lignocellulosic biochars produced from the pyrolysis of corn stover and wood feedstocks on CO2 and N2O emissions from soils collected from two bioenergy cropping systems. Effects of biochar on total accumulated CO2‐C emissions were minimal (<0.45 mg C g−1 soil; <10% of biochar C), consistent with mineralization and hydrolysis of small labile organic and inorganic C fractions in the studied biochars. Comparisons of soil CO2 emissions with emissions from microbially inoculated quartz–biochar mixtures (‘quartz controls’) provide evidence of soil and biochar‐specific negative priming. Five of six biochar amendments suppressed N2O emissions from at least one soil, and the magnitude of N2O emissions suppression varied with respect to both biochar and soil types. Biochar amendments consistently decreased final soil NO3− concentrations, while contrasting effects on pH, NH4+, and DOC highlighted the potential for formation of anaerobic microsites in biochar‐amended soils and consequential shifts in the soil redox environment. Thus, results implicated both reduced substrate availability and redox shifts as potential factors contributing to N2O emission suppression. More research is needed to confirm these mechanisms, but overall our results suggest that soil biochar amendments commonly reduce N2O emissions and have little effect on CO2 emissions beyond the mineralization and/or hydrolysis of labile biochar C fractions. Considering the large C credit for the biochar C, we conclude that biochar amendments can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance the climate change mitigation potential of bioenergy cropping systems.
TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF CD8 + T CELL DIFFERENTIATION

4 Table of Contents 7 List of Figures 10 List of Tables 13 Chapter I. Introduction 14 A. Transcriptional regulation of CD8 T cell differentiation 15 A.1 Adaptive immunity 15 A.2 Intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of CD8 T cell differentiation and functions 19 A.3 Conclusions 38 B. Role of ELF4 and ETS family transcription factors in the development and function of CD8 T cells 39 B.1 ETS family overview 39 B.2 ELF4 in regulating CD8 T cell function 43 B.3 ETS transcription factors in regulating T cell development 46 B.4 Conclusions 50
Application of Microsatellites in Genetic Diversity Analysis and Heterotic Grouping of Sorghum and Maize

Sorghum and maize are major cereal crops worldwide and key food security crops in Sub-Saharan Africa. The difference in the mating systems, maize as predominantly a cross-fertilizer and sorghum as a self-fertilizer is reflected in differences in visible phenotypic and genotypic variations. The reproductive differences dictate the level of genetic variation present in the two crops. Conventionally, a heterotic group assignment is made based on phenotypic values estimated through combining ability and heterosis analyses. However, phenotypic evaluation methods have their limitation due to the influence of the environment and may not reflect the heterotic pattern of the lines accurately. Therefore, more effective and complementary methods have been proposed for heterotic grouping of candidate lines. Estimation of molecular-based genetic distance has proven to be a useful tool to describe existing heterotic groups, to identify new heterotic groups, and to assign inbreds into heterotic groups. Among the molecular markers, microsatellites markers have proved to be a powerful tool for analyzing genetic diversity and for classifying inbred lines into heterotic groups. Therefore, the aim of this chapter was to elucidate the use of microsatellite markers in genetic diversity analysis and heterotic grouping of sorghum and maize.
Mangrove habitat use by fishes in Southeastern Brazil: are there temporal changes in the structure of the community?

We compared fish community structure in Guaratiba Mangrove, SE Brazil, among three seasons of the hydrological cycle [(i) spring, increasing temperature and rainfall, decreasing salinity; (ii) summer/early fall, high temperature and rainfall, intermediate salinity; (iii) late fall/winter, low temperature and rainfall, high salinity] and between the years 2002–2003 and 2008–2009. The aim was to test the hypothesis that the fish community structure changes seasonally, associated with seasonal changes in environmental conditions, and that changes occurred between the two yearly periods because of increased anthropogenic activities. The sampling protocol for the two surveys was identical. A total of 63 species was recorded, with 38 species occurring in 2002–2003, and 53 species in 2008–2009. The main changes in the mangrove's fish assemblage between 2002–2003 and 2008–2009 were (i) an increase in species richness, fish density and total biomass; and (ii) an increase in the zoobenthivorous species of gerreids Eucinostomus argenteus, Diapterus rhombeus and Ulaema lefroyi, and a decrease in the planktivorous clupeid Harengula clupeola. Other abundant species, such as the opportunistic atherinopsid. Atherinella brasiliensis, the detritivorous mullet Mugil liza and the zoobenthivorous pufferfish Sphoeroides testudineus did not differ in abundance between the two yearly periods. Ten species occurred only in 2002–2003, and 23 species only in 2008–2009, indicating significant changes in community structure over the 6-year period. Seasonal changes in community structure were more conspicuous in 2008–2009, when species abundance and richness were greatest. The highest fish abundance was recorded in spring and in summer/early fall, and the lowest in late fall/winter. The increased abundance and richness over time may be at least partially attributable to protection policies because of the effective implementation of a biological reserve in the area.
Struktur, Funktion und Regulation der Plasmamembran V-ATPase von Manduca sexta

s und Kurzvorträge: Huss, M. , Merzendorfer, H. , Dietlein, T. , Harvey, W. R. and Wieczorek, H. (1997). Regulation of the insect V-ATPases. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, 107 Huss, M. , Grüber, G. , Harvey, W. R. , Merzendorfer, H. , Schmid, R. and Wieczorek, H. (1999). Structural features of the insect V-ATPase: the catalytic V1 complex. Zoology 102, 66 Merzendorfer, H. , Huss, M. , Reineke, S. , Harvey, W. R. , Schmid, R. and Wieczorek, H. (1999). Structural features of the insect V-ATPase: the membrane bound Vo complex. Zoology 102, 69 Merzendorfer, H. , Huss, M. , Reinike, S. , Harvey, W. R. , Schmid, R. and Wieczorek, H. (1999). Structural features of the insect V-ATPase: the Vo complex. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 124A, S81 Kurzvortrag 5th Inter. Congress of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, Calgary 1999: Huss, M. , Grüber, G. , Harvey, W. R. , Merzendorfer, H. , Schmid, R. and Wieczorek, H. (1999). Structural features of the insect V-ATPase: the V1 complex. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 124A, S6 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 134 9. Abkürzungsverzeichnis ADP: Adenosin-Diphosphat AMP-PNP: Adenylyl-Imino-Diphosphat APP: Alkalische Phosphatase APS: Ammoniumpersulfat ATP: Adenosin-Triphosphat BCIP: 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indolylphosphat BSA: Bovine serum albumin BzATP: 3-O-(4-Benzoyl)Benzoyladenosin-5 ́-triphosphat C12E10: Polyoxyethylen-10-Laurylether DCCD: N ́,N ́-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid DMSO: Dimethylsulfoxid DTT: Dithiothreitol EDTA: Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure GCAM: Goblet cell apical membrane GTP: Guanosin-Triphosphat J-Concanolid A: 9-O-[p-(Trifluoroethyl-diazirinyl)-benzoyl]-21,23-dideoxy-23-epi[I]Iodo-concanolid A kDa: Kilodalton MALDI-MS: Matrix unterstützte Laserdesorptions-Ionisations-Massenspektroskopie MBP: Maltose bindendes Protein MOPS: N-Morpholinopropansulfonsäure NBT: 4-Nitroblautetrazoliumchlorid-Hydrat NEM: N-Ethylmaleimid PAGE: Polyacrylamid-Gelelektrophorese SDS: Sodium dodecyl sulfate TCA: Trichloressigsäure TEMED: N,N,N ́,N ́-Tetramethylethylendiamin Tris: 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propandiol Tween 20: Polyoxyethylensorbitanmonolaureat
Two's company, three's a crowd: new insights on spruce budworm species boundaries using genotyping‐by‐sequencing in an integrative species assessment (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Species delimitation requires an assessment of varied traits that can contribute to reproductive isolation, as well as of the permanence of evolutionary differentiation among closely related lineages. Integrative taxonomy, including the combination of genome‐wide molecular data with ecological data, offers an effective approach to this issue. We use genotyping‐by‐sequencing together with a review of ecological divergence to assess the traditionally recognized species status of three closely related members of the spruce budworm species complex, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), C. occidentalis Freeman (=C. freemani Razowski) and C. biennis Freeman, each of which is a major defoliator of conifer forests. We sampled a broad region of overlap between these three taxa in Alberta and British Columbia (Canada) where potential for gene flow provides a strong test of the durability of divergence among lineages. A total of 2218 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assayed, and patterns of differentiation were evaluated under the biological, ecological, genotypic cluster and phylogenetic species concepts. Choristoneura fumiferana was genetically distinct with substantial barriers to genetic exchange with C. occidentalis and C. biennis. Conversely, divergence between C. occidentalis and C. biennis was limited to a small subset of outlier loci and was within the range observed within any one of the taxa. Considering both population genetic and ecological patterns of divergence, C. fumiferana should continue to be recognized as a distinct species, and C. biennis (syn.n.) should be treated as a subspecies (C. occidentalis biennis Freeman, 1967) of C. occidentalis, thereby automatically establishing the nominate name C. occidentalis occidentalis Freeman, 1967 for univoltine populations of this species.
Monitoring of Polychlorinated Dibenzo (p) Dioxins and Furans in Cement Kiln Emission Using Different Kinds of Fuel

Monitoring of polychlorinated dibenzo (p) dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) in cement kiln emission were conducted using different kinds of fuel at different location in Egypt. A total of 97 samples provided data on PCDD/F congener concentrations during which the kilns combusted a varied mix of fuels, including coke, mazout and natural gas. The use of coke to fuel the kilns was found to generate significantly different emission-profiles relative to the use of mazout rather than natural gas, the total PCDD/Fs WHO-TEQ levels in coke, mazout and natural gas were determining by High Resolution Gas Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometer (HRGC-HRMS) ranged from 0.282-0.001 (ng WHO-TEQ NmG3) in mazout, natural gas ranged from 0.774-0.001 (ng WHO-TEQ NmG3) and coke ranged from 0.026-0.001 (ng WHO-TEQ NmG3). A total of 9 samples provided data on PCDD/Fs congener concentrations from ambient air in 4 different Egyptian governorates. Results obtained confirm the presence of PCDD/F in Natural gas followed by Mazout followed by coke 30% with mazout 70%, this means that the different operating conditions must be controlled. All of the kiln emission profiles were found to be same markedly from profiles in ambient air. However, the small absolute dioxin emission rates from the kilns suggested that kiln impacts would be detectable via ambient air monitoring.
Variation in Nitrogen Rate and Local Availability Alter Root Architecture Attributes at the Onset of Storage Root Initiation in ‘Beauregard’ Sweetpotato

This study characterized the influence of nitrogen (N) rates and variation in local availability on root architecture as measured by lateral root (LR) development attributes during the onset of the storage root (SR) initiation stage in 'Beauregard' sweetpotato adventitious roots (ARs). In N rate experiments, plants grown without fertilizer N showed significantly lower values for all measured LR attributes compared with fertilized plants. Total first- (1LR) and second-order LR (2LR) length increased by 78% and 2873%, respectively, as N was increased from 0 to 50 kg·ha L1 . Total 1LR and 2LR number increased by 32% and 1465%, respectively. Increasing the N rates to 100 and 200 kg·ha L1 did not result in further increases for all LR attributes measured. There were no differences in AR number between untreated controls and plants fertilized with 50 kg N/ha. However, the number of ARs increased by 65% when fertilizer N was increased from 50 to 100 kg·ha L1 . Increasing the rate to 200 kg·ha L1 did not result in further increases in AR number. In split-root experiments, roots grown in the compartment with 50 kg N/ha had 135% and 2916% increase in total 1LR and 2LR length, respectively, compared with roots grown in the compartment without fertilizer N. Total 1LR and 2LR number increased by 110% and 2114%, respectively. There were 111% more ARs in the fertilized compartment relative to the unfertilized compartment. There were no differences in LR attributes and AR number between compartments that received similar fertilizer N rates. In fertilizer placement experiments, there were no differences in LR attributes between pre-mixing fertilizer N and placement of fertilizer '4 cm below the surface of the growth substrate. There were also no differences between the unfertilized control and placement of fertilizer '4 cm from the bottom of the pot. Plants grown in substrate with pre-mixed N showed 38% and 342% increase in 1LR and 2LR length, respectively, relative to the bottom placement of N. Total number of 1LR and 2LR in the growth substrate with pre-mixed N increased by 30% and 312%, respectively, relative to the bottom placement of N. These results represent the first evidence for the association between sweetpotato root architectural attributes and variation in N rate and localized availability. These results are also consistent with findings in model systems in which local N presence is necessary for LR development. This information can be used to further optimize SR yield by helping to ensure the availability of N at the optimum rate across time and space.
Oral dextrose gel to improve survival in less vigorous newborn triplet lambs: a randomised controlled trial

ABSTRACT Triplet lambs have reduced survival and most deaths occur due to starvation and exposure, but there are a few simple and safe interventions. We hypothesised that buccal dextrose gel would increase blood glucose concentration, vigour, survival and early feeding in less vigorous triplet lambs. Triplet lambs meeting criteria for decreased vigour were randomised to 40% dextrose or placebo gel 1 mL/kg via the buccal mucosa at 1 hour of age. Primary outcome was survival at 3 hours. An additional study exploring the effect of gel on interstitial glucose concentrations was assessed by continuous glucose monitoring in twin lambs. Lambs randomised to dextrose gel did not have higher blood glucose concentrations or better survival than those randomised to placebo. Low temperature at 1 hour after birth, rather than birthweight or blood glucose concentrations, was associated with decreased survival. Interventions to address hypothermia rather than hypoglycaemia may be most effective in improving survival in less vigorous triplet lambs.
Indicator Bacteria and Vibrionaceae Multiplication in Post-Harvest Shellstock Oysters.

Changes in the levels of indicator bacteria and Vibrionaceae were monitored in post-harvest shellstock oysters during commercial transport and during storage at temperatures of 10°C, 22°C, and 30°C. Aerobic plate counts, fecal coliforms including Escherichia coli , and Vibrionaceae including Vibrio cholerae , V. parahaemolyticus , V. vulnificus , and Aeromonas hydrophila increased in numbers in shellstock oysters during transport and storage at 22°C and 30°C. Increases in the levels of indicator bacteria were generally accompanied by increases in Vibrionaceae , but sometimes the Vibrionaceae multiplied in the absence of fecal coliform multiplication. Storage of oysters at 10°C prevented multiplication of vibrios and fecal coliforms, but not Aeromonas hydrophila .