Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Liquid Biopsy for Glioma Using Cell-Free DNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid

Simple Summary Glioma is one of the most common primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors, and its molecular diagnosis is crucial. However, surgical resection or biopsy is risky when the tumor is located deep in the brain or brainstem. Liquid biopsy, particularly targeting cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is a minimally invasive method, and emerges as a promising alternative, overcoming spatial and temporal heterogeneity in CNS tumors. Unlike extracranial cancers, cfDNA in the blood is scarce in CNS tumors, including glioma, emphasizing the relevance of CSF. Several successful studies have been conducted to detect tumor-specific genetic alterations in cfDNA from CSF using digital PCR and/or next-generation sequencing. This review provides an overview of the current status of CSF-based cfDNA-targeted liquid biopsy for gliomas. It delineates distinctions from liquid biopsies for extracranial cancers, addresses prevailing challenges, and explores future prospects in this field. Abstract Glioma is one of the most common primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors, and its molecular diagnosis is crucial. However, surgical resection or biopsy is risky when the tumor is located deep in the brain or brainstem. In such cases, a minimally invasive approach to liquid biopsy is beneficial. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA), which directly reflects tumor-specific genetic changes, has attracted attention as a target for liquid biopsy, and blood-based cfDNA monitoring has been demonstrated for other extra-cranial cancers. However, it is still challenging to fully detect CNS tumors derived from cfDNA in the blood, including gliomas, because of the unique structure of the blood–brain barrier. Alternatively, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an ideal source of cfDNA and is expected to contribute significantly to the liquid biopsy of gliomas. Several successful studies have been conducted to detect tumor-specific genetic alterations in cfDNA from CSF using digital PCR and/or next-generation sequencing. This review summarizes the current status of CSF-based cfDNA-targeted liquid biopsy for gliomas. It highlights how the approaches differ from liquid biopsies of other extra-cranial cancers and discusses the current issues and prospects.
A partition of the combined impacts of socioeconomic development and climate variation on economic risks of riverine floods

Nonstationarities in both climate and socioeconomic systems play a role in flood risk. Based on a data‐driven case study in an urbanised watershed subjected to nonstationary factors in climate (rain, snow, and rain on snow) and socioeconomic conditions (e.g., built environment market changes), a multiscale, multimodel approach was adopted to develop local‐scale flood hazard predictions and an analytical framework was developed to quantify the associated flood risk. The case study shows that socioeconomic development can have a comparable contribution as climate variability when evaluating the expected annual damage. The relative contributions from socioeconomic development, in some cases, do not necessarily compound the risk, but can, in fact, act as a mitigating factor in annualised risk. Timelines of risk management planning are an important factor to consider. Socioeconomic factors such as market value can produce nonlinear and reversed trends in flood impact assessments within the 10‐year time frame. Furthermore, the nonstationarity of climate and development conditions together was shown to cause up to 43% of the variation in risk estimates and up to 70% of the variation in the benefit–cost effectiveness.
Statistical Study of Relations Between the Induced Magnetosphere, Ion Composition, and Pressure Balance Boundaries Around Mars Based On MAVEN Observations

Direct interaction between the solar wind (SW) and the Martian upper atmosphere forms a characteristic region, called the induced magnetosphere between the magnetosheath and the ionosphere. Since the SW deceleration due to increasing mass loading by heavy ions plays an important role in the induced magnetosphere formation, the ion composition is also expected to change around the induced magnetosphere boundary (IMB). Here we report on relations of the IMB, the ion composition boundary (ICB), and the pressure balance boundary based on a statistical analysis of about 8 months of simultaneous ion, electron, and magnetic field observations by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission. We chose the period when MAVEN observed the SW directly near its apoapsis to investigate their dependence on SW parameters. Results show that IMBs almost coincide with ICBs on the dayside and locations of all three boundaries are affected by the SW dynamic pressure. A remarkable feature is that all boundaries tend to locate at higher altitudes in the southern hemisphere than in the northern hemisphere on the nightside. This clear geographical asymmetry is permanently seen regardless of locations of the strong crustal B fields in the southern hemisphere, while the boundary locations become higher when the crustal B fields locate on the dayside. On the nightside, IMBs usually locate at higher altitude than ICBs. However, ICBs are likely to be located above IMBs in the nightside, southern, and downward ESW hemisphere when the strong crustal B fields locate on the dayside.
Scientometric Analysis of Fisheries Science Studies of Western Atlantic Species of Paralichthys (Paralichthyidae: Pleuronectiformes)

ABSTRACT Flounders of the genus Paralichthys are important resources for artisanal and industrial fisheries and for aquaculture. Scientometric analysis of the literature on 11 Western Atlantic species of Paralichthys available in two scientific databases, ISI Web of Science and SciELO, was conducted, concentrating on documents relating to fisheries science. The 414 articles identified focused predominantly on two species found only in Canada and the United States, Paralichthys dentatus (46.1% of the studies) and Paralichthys lethostigma (32.1%). The third most commonly studied species was Paralichthys orbignyanus (11.7%), found only off Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina. Fisheries science studies comprised 20% of the total (81 articles) and were completed mainly in the United States (84%), followed by Argentina (8.6%) and Brazil (two articles; 2.5%). The number of articles on aquaculture of Paralichthys surpassed all other areas of study and focused on the species of greatest economic interest. The literature revealed that aquaculture is the primary motive for research on this genus, especially in the last three decades, with a view toward commercial fish farming or repopulating the stocks of P. dentatus, P. lethostigma, and P. orbignyanus rather than an interest in extractive fishing of these species.
Visual-Marker-Based Localization for Flat-Variation Scene

Localization, an indispensable component in robotics and automation, encounters difficulties arising from appearance variations, resulting in inaccurate data associations. Semantic-based positioning mitigates these challenges by filtering out invalid data, such as moving vehicles and worn road markings. Building on this insight, we introduce a robust semantic visual localization system, which has been successfully deployed in real-world settings. The system uses neural networks to extract road markers and associate data with a semantic map. To enhance system reliability, we use several data filters. These filters remove images that are prone to misrecognition or poorly processed by neural networks. We propose two techniques for vehicle state estimation. The first, using the inverse perspective mapping (IPM) matrix, directly determines the vehicle’s central pose. The second technique derives the camera pose using the perspective-n-points (PnP) method and leverages external parameters to infer the vehicle’s central state. The wheel encoder, with its robust anti-noise capability, offers odometry in the absence of semantic information, enhancing the system’s resilience. The crux of our approach lies in distinct semantic strategies: using lane lines for orientation and road markers exclusively for translation estimation. We also detail an automatic construction method for the semantic map, enhancing the system’s practicality. Experimental results indicate that the IPM method outperforms the PnP approach, leading to notably improved positioning accuracy. In addition, the error distribution of the IPM method more closely aligns with a normal distribution compared with that of the PnP approach.
How does Cultural Intelligence Influence Teamwork Capability? The Role of Leader Emergence and Relational Identification

Prior studies have recognized cultural intelligence (CQ) as an essential trait for addressing cultural diversity issues. However, the influence of cultural intelligence on teamwork capability still needs to be addressed. This study analyzes how cultural intelligence, leader emergence, and relational identification affect teamwork capabilities. The mediating effect of leader emergence and relationship identification is also investigated. The questionnaire is created and distributed using an online questionnaire platform (Survey Cake). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to collect and analyze data from 54 groups, including 221 respondents. The findings show that teamwork capability is significantly improved by cultural intelligence, leader emergence, and relational identification. Furthermore, leader emergence and relational identification have partially mediated the relationship between cultural intelligence and teamwork capability. Future studies are encouraged to replicate this study with a larger sample size because this study has a limited sample size. This study carries significant implications, not solely in terms of providing practitioners with accurate and lucid perspectives on the indispensability of possessing a substantial level of cultural intelligence in multicultural contexts, but also in assisting organizations or corporations to attain elevated levels of cultural intelligence, relational identification, leader emergence, and teamwork capability. Subsequently, this study offers theoretical contributions to the existing body of knowledge by examining and presenting a significant structural equation model of the relationship between cultural intelligence and teamwork capability with leader emergence and relational identification as the mediator. The results of this study provide individuals with pertinent and unambiguous perspectives on the significance of cultural intelligence in a multicultural setting.
Identification of limits and barriers to climate change adaptation: case study of two islands in Torres Strait, Australia

Communities living on remote islands are often viewed as among the most exposed and vulnerable to climate change impacts. This study uses the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework to investigate how indigenous communities living on two physically different islands in Torres Strait, Australia, experience what they consider to be the impacts of climate change in relation to their daily lives. During this process, a series of natural, physical, and socio-cultural limits and barriers to climate change adaptation were identified on Boigu, a low-lying mud island inundated by the sea during high tides and storm surges. As a volcanic island, Erub's elevation is higher but significant community infrastructure, housing, and cultural sites are located on the low coastal fringe. No immediate limits to climate change adaptation were identified on Erub, but physical and socio-cultural barriers were revealed. Limits to climate change adaptation occur when adaptation actions fail to protect the things valued by those affected, or few adaptation options are available. Barriers to climate change adaptation may be overcome if recognised and addressed but can become entrenched limits if they are ignored. Within the participating communities, such limits and barriers included (a) restricted adaptation options due to limited access to particular livelihood assets; (b) difficulty engaging with government processes to secure external support; and (c) people's place-based values, which evoke a reluctance to relocate or retreat.
AZIN1-centric dynamic network biomarker of tipping point in non-small cell lung cancer metastasis

Detection of the tipping point of metastasis of non-small cell lung carcinoma is crucial so that it does not lead to irreversible damage. In contrast to the single biomarker approach, identification of dynamic network biomarkers (DNB) which represent the dynamic change in the expression during disease progression is being increasingly used to study of tipping point in different cancers. In our study, stage-wise gene expression data from a lung cancer database with in silico dynamic network method revealed AZIN1 centric network of seven dynamically interacting genes (AZIN1, PGAM1, CNOT9, HMGCR, EIF3H, DNTTIP1, and ST7). These are involved in purine ribonucleoside monophosphate and purine ribonucleoside triphosphate metabolic pathways. Drastic changes in their gene expressions were observed at 2A and 2B transition stage indicating it to be a tipping point for metastasis. Further, in vitro gene expression studies in NCI-460 cells confirmed the interaction of networking genes. Silencing AZIN1 expression diminished DNTTIP1 and PGAM1 expression almost completely while significantly affecting other genes; further confirming a novel interaction of these genes in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Therefore, AZIN1 centric network of seven genes could serve as an important predictive DNB for the tipping point before NSCLC metastasis.
Turbulence and Mixing in a Shallow Shelf Sea From Underwater Gliders

The seasonal thermocline in shallow shelf seas acts as a natural barrier for boundary-generated turbulence, damping scalar transport to the upper regions of the water column, and controlling primary production to a certain extent. To better understand turbulence and mixing conditions within the thermocline, two unique 12- and 17-day datasets with continuous measurements of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy (e) collected by autonomous underwater gliders under stratified to well-mixed conditions are presented. A highly intermittent e signal was observed in the stratified thermocline region, which was mainly characterized by quiescent flow (turbulent activity index below 7). The rate of diapycnal mixing remained relatively constant for the majority of the time with peaks of higher fluxes that were responsible for much of the increase in bottom mixed layer temperature. The water column stayed predominantly strongly stratified, with a bulk Richardson number across the thermocline well above 2. A positive relationship between the intensity of turbulence, shear and stratification was found. The trend between turbulence levels and the bulk Richardson number was relatively weak, but suggests that e increases as the bulk Richardson number approaches 1. The results also highlight the interpretation difficulties in both quantifying turbulent thermocline fluxes, as well as the responsible mechanisms.
Silicate liquid immiscibility in impact melts

We have investigated silicate emulsions in impact glasses and impact melt rocks from the Wabar (Saudi Arabia), Kamil (Egypt), Barringer (USA), and Tenoumer (Mauritania) impact structures, and in experimentally generated impact glasses and laser‐generated glasses (MEMIN research unit) by scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. Textural evidence of silicate liquid immiscibility includes droplets of one glass disseminated in a chemically distinct glassy matrix; sharp phase boundaries (menisci) between the two glasses; deformation and coalescence of droplets; and occurrence of secondary, nanometer‐sized quench droplets in Si‐rich glasses. The compositions of the conjugate immiscible liquids (Si‐rich and Fe‐rich) are consistent with phase separation in two‐liquid fields in the general system Fe2SiO4–KAlSi3O8–SiO2–CaO–MgO–TiO2–P2O5. Major‐element partition coefficients are well correlated with the degree of polymerization (NBO/T) of the Si‐rich melt: Fe, Ca, Mg, and Ti are concentrated in the poorly polymerized, Fe‐rich melt, whereas K, Na, and Si prefer the highly polymerized, Si‐rich melt. Partitioning of Al is less pronounced and depends on bulk melt composition. Thus, major element partitioning between the conjugate liquids closely follows trends known from tholeiitic basalts, lunar basalts, and experimental analogs. The characteristics of impact melt inhomogeneity produced by melt unmixing in a miscibility gap are then compared to impact melt inhomogeneity caused by incomplete homogenization of different (miscible or immiscible) impact melts that result from shock melting of different target lithologies from the crater's melt zone, which do not fully homogenize and equilibrate due to rapid quenching. By taking previous reports on silicate emulsions in impact glasses into account, it follows that silicate impact melts of variable composition, cooling rate, and crystallization history might readily unmix during cooling, thereby rendering silicate liquid immiscibility a much more common process in the evolution of impact melts than previously recognized.
Energy-Efficient Synthetic Method, X-Ray Diffraction Analysis and Thermal Decomposition of Cobalt (II) and Nickel (II) Schiff Base Complexes Derived from 2-Aminobenzothiazole

A Schiff base was synthesized from the condensation reaction of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-aminobenzothiazole via energy-efficient liquid-assisted mechanochemical synthesis (LAG). The Co (II) and Ni (II) complexes were also synthesized and characterized using IR, Solubility, TGA, PXRD, UV-Visible analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurement, conductivity measurement, and CHNS/O micro-analysis. In the IR analysis, the Schiff base spectrum revealed a prominent band at 1603 cm-1 (assigned to the azomethine v(C=N) stretching vibration), and the azomethine band shifted to 1621 and 1599 cm-1 in the Co (II) and Ni (II) complexes, respectively (indicating the formation of the expected complexes). In the TGA thermogram, Ni (II) and Cu (II) Schiff base complexes had decomposition temperatures of 184 and 181°C, respectively. The PXRD analysis revealed that the patterns of the ground mixture were different from the starting constituents, implying that the raw components were converted into the final product. The theoretical and experimental analytical data of C, H, and N for the Schiff base and complexes are in good agreement. The Schiff base ligand and its complexes were evaluated as agents for inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. According to antimicrobial activity studies, complexes exhibit stronger antibacterial activity than the Schiff base.
Zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry of Devonian plagiogranites in the Kuerti area of southern Chinese Altay, northwest China: Petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of late Paleozoic ophiolites

This study presents zircon U–Pb geochronology with major, trace, rare earth element and Sr–Nd isotope geochemistry for plagiogranite dyke swarms occurring within the gabbro unit of the lower part of the Kuerti ophiolite in southern Chinese Altay, Northwest China. These intrusive plagiogranites cut across the metamorphic zone consisting of amphibolites that are related to hydrothermal alteration and shearing of gabbros. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U–Pb dating of 2 plagiogranite samples yields approximately 390 Ma age of origin. They are geochemically characterized by relatively high SiO2 and Na2O, low K2O, TiO2, and Al2O3 contents, with marked enrichment in light rare earth elements and depletion in Nb, Ta, and Ti. They have slightly higher initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7040 to 0.7049), lower εNd(t) values (+3.6 to +6.3), and higher Th contents (2.84–11.9 ppm) than those (0.7034 to 0.7048, +7.2 to +10.3, and 0.04 to 1.79) of closely associated amphibolites. Geological and geochemical attributes suggest that the plagiogranites were generated by the anatexis of hydrated and hydrothermally altered amphibolites and minor sediments from oceanic crust during shearing at low pressure (<0.1 GPa) and temperature (<850 °C) conditions in a suprasubduction zone setting. The ridge subduction at approximately 390 Ma caused the upwelling of the hot asthenosphere and triggered the spreading of the Kuerti back‐arc basin, followed by the formation of the plagiogranites in the Kuerti ophiolite.
Oligocene‐Early Miocene Topographic Relief Generation of Southeastern Tibet Triggered by Thrusting

The timing and mechanisms of uplift in southeastern Tibet remain disputed. To address this debate, we conducted structural and morphological analyses of the Yulong thrust belt; we also reconstruct the cooling and exhumation history of the Jianchuan basin in the hanging wall of the thrust system using inverse thermal modeling of apatite fission‐track and (U‐Th)/He thermochronology data. Our results provide evidence for 2.3–3.2 km of rapid exhumation in the Jianchuan basin between ~28 and ~20 Ma, followed by limited exhumation of less than 0.2 km since then. The magnitude of basin exhumation is consistent with the present‐day topographic step of 1.8–2.4 km across the Yulong and Chenghai thrust belts, as shown by morphometric analysis. We thus infer that the present‐day morphology of the southeastern margin of Tibet results partly from thrusting along the Yulong thrust belt during the Late Oligocene‐Early Miocene. This structure may be the southwest continuation of the Longmen Shan thrust belt, offset by the Xianshuihe fault in the Late Miocene. On a regional scale, the approximate synchronicity of exhumation in the hanging walls of the Yalong‐Yulong and Longmen Shan thrust systems indicates that widespread crustal shortening and thickening took place in southeastern Tibet during the Late Oligocene‐Early Miocene.