Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disentangling the effects of external perturbations on coexistence and priority effects

A major challenge in ecological research is to identify the tolerance of ecological communities to external perturbations. Modern coexistence theory (MCT) has been widely adopted as a framework to investigate the tolerance to perturbations in relative reductions of per capita growth rates, often using metrics that explicitly eliminate the independent role of intrinsic growth rates. More recently, the structural approach (SA) was introduced to investigate the tolerance of communities to perturbations in intrinsic growth rates as a function of the strength of intraspecific and interspecific competition. Because the external perturbations are likely to happen in both intrinsic growth rates and competition strengths, no framework alone can fully disentangle the effects of external perturbations. Here we combine MCT and SA to disentangle the tolerance in coexistence and priority effects of a pair of competing species when subject to perturbations in intrinsic growth rates and competition strengths. Through this combination, we reveal the emergence of a key trade‐off: increasing the tolerance to perturbations in intrinsic growth rates typically decreases the tolerance in competition strengths, and vice versa. Furthermore, this trade‐off is stronger under coexistence than under priority effects. We test this combined framework on competing pairs of 18 California annual plant species. For both coexistence and priority effects, we find that the tolerance to perturbations in intrinsic growth rates is maximized instead of that to perturbations in competition strengths in the studied annual plant communities. Synthesis. Our combined framework of modern coexistence theory and structural approach illustrates that it is possible to disentangle the impact of different external perturbations on the persistence of species. Importantly, our findings show that species interactions may reveal whether communities are dominated either by changes in intrinsic growth rates or by competition strengths. Overall, this combined framework can open a new perspective to understand and predict the response of populations to changing environmental conditions.
Technological footprint similarity and firm performance

The existing literature has documented significant levels of technological similarity among firms in the same industry. However, there is no theory of how technological similarity affects firm performance. This study builds and tests a theory of performance consequences of technological similarity of a firm to its industry (“technological footprint similarity”). It argues that invention performance and market performance may be affected in different ways and that specific firm characteristics moderate these relationships. This study also argues that technological footprint similarity is different from the established concepts of technological diversification and strategic similarity. The contribution of the article centers on developing the concept of technological footprint similarity and developing and testing theory of its performance consequences in the presence of firm-specific moderators.
Mental illness in an elderly rural population in Ireland: a prevalence study

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to provide the first Irish prevalence data on mental illness in an elderly, rural, community dwelling population. Method: Subjects were identified from four general practitioners' lists. This included GMS patients, private patients and nursing home residents. Six hundred and fifty people aged 65 years or over were interviewed in their own homes using GMS-AGECAT, a standardised diagnostic instrument. Results: The overall prevalence of mental illness was 14.6%. The prevalence of depression was 9.4%. There was a significantly higher rate among women (13.2%) than men (4.3%). Depression in women was not age related. Of the total sample, 3.7% were classified as organic cases. Of the remaining cases, anxiety disorders occurred most frequently and represented 0.9% of all cases. Conclusions: Elderly people in rural areas experience similar levels of psychiatric morbidity as those in urban centres.
Factors Affecting Satisfaction and Loyalty in Public Transport using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)

With an increasing number of privately own vehicles in Malaysia, the popularity of public transports is increasingly challenged by ride-hailing services such as Grab, MyCar, JomRides and MULA. To develop effective strategies aimed at retaining users, it is necessary to understand the factors that affect users’ satisfaction and loyalty in public transport. In this study, we propose that satisfaction and loyalty in public transport are associated with five key factors: accessibility, reliability, perceived value, comfort, and safety and security. Data collected from a survey of 179 public transport users in Kuching city was used to test the research model. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the data. The main findings were that safety and security, and reliability significantly affected the users’ satisfaction and loyalty in public transport, while no statistically significant relationship was found among accessibility, satisfaction and loyalty. These findings not only contribute to the theory development of transportation research but also help practitioners to develop novel strategies aimed at increasing public transport usage.
Natural Resource Modeling

Correspondence Mahir Demir, Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996‐1300. Email: mdemir@vols.utk. edu Abstract Food chain models with interactions between key species are useful tools for ecological conservation and economic sustainability in commercial fisheries. In this study, we build a food chain model coupled with optimal control theory and focus on the Black Sea anchovy population in the southern part of the Black Sea. Our objective is to find the optimal harvesting strategy that maximizes the discounted net profit value of the anchovy fishery with seasonal harvesting, and that offers sustainable anchovy fishery. As a result, we obtain profitable and sustainable harvesting strategies. We also discuss the benefits of using food chain models in fishery management rather than using single‐species models. Finally, we derive a schedule for the number of fishing vessels that are needed in the implementation of the optimal harvesting strategy.
Dynamical Properties of Peak and Time‐Integrated Geomagnetic Events Inferred From Sample Entropy

We provide a comprehensive statistical analysis of the sample entropy of peak and time‐integrated geomagnetic events in 2001–2017, considering different measures of event strength, different geomagnetic indices, and a simplified solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling function P* . Our investigations reveal the existence of significant correlations between the entropies of Dst , ap , and P* , and between such entropies and event strengths, as well as good correlations between peak levels of solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling and ring current ( Dst ) and ap entropies, suggesting a potential predictability of significant Dst and ap events on the basis of appropriate functions of P* . Sensibly weaker correlations are found with AE entropy. We further show the presence of several significant entropy correlations between geomagnetic indices, solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling, and trapped or precipitated energetic electron and ion fluxes measured by geostationary and low Earth orbit satellites in the outer radiation belt during the same periods. Entropy correlations between Dst and trapped or precipitated 30‐ to 80‐keV ion fluxes at low L and between AE and trapped 40‐keV electron fluxes at geostationary orbit correspond well with ring current properties and substorm‐induced injections, respectively. Entropy correlations between ap and precipitation rates of energetic ion and electron fluxes demonstrate the sensibility of ap index entropy to both low‐energy (5–30 keV) electron injections and ring current. The stronger entropy correlation between solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling and ap than AE likely stems from the more stochastic behavior of electron injections and fast losses near geostationary orbit.
Identifying Causes of Delay in Interfacility Transports of Injured Patients Transported by Air Ambulance in Ontario

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this thesis was to examine patient, paramedic, and institutional-related risk factors for delay and identify specific causes of delays in interfacility transfers by air ambulance. METHODS: Quantile regression was used to identify patient, paramedic and institutional risk factors for delay. Manual chart review to identify specific causes of delay during interfacility transport. RESULTS: Characteristics associated with shorter time intervals included nursing station as sending facility, rotor-wing aircraft and critical care paramedic crew. Patients requiring mechanical ventilation or transported from academic centres were all associated with prolonged times. A total of 458 causes of delay were identified. The most frequent delays included refuelling, waiting for land EMS escort, documentation, and delays for intubation, chest tube insertion and diagnostic imaging.
Do “Disease Awareness Days” Work? A 5-Year Investigation Using Google Trends

The so-called “disease awareness days” are promoted by many renewed healthcare associations and organizations with the aim of increasing awareness on the burden of a specific disease and emphasizing the need for more effective actions, especially underscoring the unrecognized threat and serious consequences. Among the various campaigns, some of these were specifically planned for increasing alertness on the most frequent worldwide human pathologies [1], including diabetes (World Diabetes Day, organized by the International Diabetes Federation on November 14), thrombosis (World Thrombosis Day, organized by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis on October 13), cancer (World Cancer Day, organized by the Union for International Cancer Control on February 4), myocardial infarction (World Heart Day, organized by the World Heart Federation on September 29), and thyroid disorders (World Thyroid Day, organized by the American Thyroid Association on May 25).
Innovative boat-towed transient electromagnetics — Investigation of the Furnas volcanic lake hydrothermal system, Azores

Water-covered areas may lead to gaps in surface electromagnetic surveys, causing reduced resolution and, as a consequence, increased uncertainty in derived subsurface models. We have evaluated a boat-towed floating central loop time-domain electromagnetic technique that mitigates this problem. It facilitates obtaining data with a spatial sampling density, which is rarely possible with standard instrumentation on land, and it only requires moderate logistical effort. A unique field study on a shallow volcanic lake demonstrated that this method is feasible with only a minor loss of accuracy when compared to anchored and land soundings. We found that the noise sources arising from the moving instrument and the boat engine can be neglected. The field survey was performed on the Lagoa das Furnas (São Miguel, Azores Islands, Portugal), which is located within an active volcanic area and is characterized by fumarolic fields and [Formula: see text] degassing. Thus, the associated hydrothermal system is expected to extend below the lake. However, the character, geometry, and extent of this system are unknown because of the lack of boreholes and geophysical studies. In total, 600 soundings, combining towed profiles with anchored and land-based soundings, were acquired with an aim of imaging the hydrothermal system beneath the lake down to 200 m. The results from all three types of measurements compare well and thus led to consistent 1D inversion models. The inversion results delineate a highly conductive, smectite-rich cap layer dipping below the lake away from the main fumarole zone. Near this zone, the extent of the conductor agrees well with an area of intense dispersed [Formula: see text] degassing, which appears to be controlled by at least two electrically distinctive fault zones in which the conductor is found at greater depths.
Women as hand pump technicians: empowering women and enhancing participation in rural water supply projects

ABSTRACT In rural areas of developing countries, improved access to clean water has been known to lead to reduced workloads for women and girls, and improved health and education. To sustain these benefits, women need to be active participants rather than passive beneficiaries in community projects. This article presents findings from a rural water supply programme in Ghana that actively promoted greater women’s involvement. It found that training women technicians did more to galvanise their leadership potential, showcase their capabilities and make them more active participants in managing their respective village water facilities than simply including them on water management committees.
Seasonal variability of radiation tide in Gulf of Riga

Abstract. Diurnal oscillations of water level in Gulf of Riga are considered. It was found that there is distinct daily pattern of diurnal oscillations in certain seasons. The role of sea breeze, gravitational tides and atmospheric pressure gradient are analysed. The interference of the first two effects provide the dominant role in diurnal oscillations. The effect of gravitational tides is described both with sole tidal forcing and also in real case with atmospheric forcing and stratification. The yearly variation of the declination of the Sun and stratification leads to seasonal intensification of gravitational tides in Gulf of Riga. Correlation between gravitational tide of the Sun with its radiation caused wind effects appears to be main driver of oscillations in Gulf of Riga. Daily variation of wind is primary source of S1 tidal component with a water level maximum at 18:00 UTC in Gulf of Riga. Effect of solar radiation influences also K1 and P1 tidal components which are examined, too.
Forward Current Transport Properties of AlGaN/GaN Schottky Diodes Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition

Atomic layer deposited AlGaN on GaN substrate with different thicknesses was prepared and the electron transport mechanism of AlGaN/GaN Schottky diodes was investigated. Above 348 K, both 5 and 10 nm thick AlGaN showed that the thermionic emission model with inhomogeneous Schottky barrier could explain the forward current transport. Analysis using a dislocation-related tunneling model showed that the current values for 10 nm thick AlGaN was matched well to the experimental data while those were not matched for 5 nm thick AlGaN. The higher density of surface (and interface) states was found for 5 nm thick AlGaN. In other words, a higher density of surface donors, as well as a thinner AlGaN layer for 5 nm thick AlGaN, enhanced the tunneling current.
Características clínicas de pacientes obstétricas admitidas em uma Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo Terciária: revisão de dez anos

Introduction: Significant rates of maternal morbidity and mortality still occur during pregnancy. An important indicator of maternal morbidity is the need for transfer of obstetric patients to the Intensive Care Unit. The aim of the study was to evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes related to obstetric patients admitted to intensive care units. Methods: An observational study of consecutive patients admitted to the obstetric intensive care unit of the General Hospital of the University of Caxias do Sul, from March/1998 to December/2008. Maternal, obstetric and neonatal variables were analyzed. Continuous variables were presented as percentages, and categorical variables as proportions. Confidence interval with significance level (alpha) at 5% was calculated. Results: In the general Hospital, in the mentioned period, there were 17,071 births and 2,758 admissions to the Intensive Care Unit, and of these, 87 (3.2%) were related to complications of pregnancy or abortion. The main reason for hospital admission were hypertensive disorders (70.1%); for death, disseminated intravascular coagulation and septic shock. The mean maternal age was 26.8 ± 7.8; 45 (51.7%) were nulliparous; and 21 (27.6%) had some type of intrapartum complication. The maternal mortality rate was 8.1% (n = 7) and the perinatal mortality rate was 22.4% (n = 17). Conclusions: Eighty-seven obstetric patients required intensive care. Fundamentally, they were nulliparous, hypertensive, with poor education and inadequate prenatal care. Seven (8.1%) patients died during their hospital stay.
‘Party competition and dual accountability in multi-level systems’ the independence echo: the rise of the constitutional question in Scottish election manifestos and voter behaviour

ABSTRACT Since the formation of the Scottish Parliament, the idea of Scottish independence increased in salience and popularity among Scottish voters to such an extent that it now constitutes the country’s defining political cleavage. Given that Scottish politics is increasingly organized around this constitutional question, support for either side of the debate among voters and elites drives political engagement, election turnout and public attitudes to other major issues. Although much popular and academic work has sought to explain the rise of support for independence, few scholars have explored changes in elite behaviour or its consequences for public opinion. From an elite-driven perspective, the increased salience of independence may be but an echo of elite and partisan attention. Developing hypotheses from this approach, we predict that voters identifying with parties developed stronger views on independence following increased attention in parties’ campaigns. We examine these hypotheses by performing computer assisted, unsupervised content analysis of Scottish Parties’ election manifestos. We then use estimates from a structural topic model to predict change in voter support for independence from the British Election Study. The theory and results suggest that increasing salience on alternative dimensions of politics likely closely relates to elite-driven choices in their election campaigns.
A caveolina-1 como reguladora fisiológica na ativação de células estreladas hepáticas : um novo modelo in vitro de doenças hepáticas

7 1. INTRODUÇÃO. 8 1.2 A Membrana Plasmática, Domínios de Membrana e suas Balsas lipídicas . 9 1.3 Um Subdomínio de Membrana Plasmática: Caveolas . 10 1.4 A Família das Caveolinas . 12 1.5 O Fígado e suas Células Residentes . 15 1.6 As Doenças Crônicas do Fígado e a Ativação das HSCs . 17 1.7 Os Mecanismos de Ativação das HSCs . 20 1.8 A linhagem GRX como um Modelo Murino de HSC Ativada . 23 1.9 As Doenças Crônicas do Fígado e uma proteína de Ativação: Caveolina-1 . 23 2. OBJETIVOS.26 3. CAPITULO I . 29 4. CAPÍTULO II . 45 5. CAPÍTULO III . 56 6. DISCUSSÃO. 80 7. CONCLUSÕES. 88 8. PERPSPECTIVAS.90 9. REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS . 92
Effects of Forest Therapy Program on Stress levels and Mood State in Fire Fighters

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a forest therapy program on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mood states of fire fighters. A total of 293 participants completed two psychological questionnaires before and after the program was conducted: the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Data were analyzed with paired t-test and ANCOVA using SPSS 24.0. The PTSD results showed a significant decrease from 11.38 ± 12.58 points before the program to 6.91 ± 10.50 points after the program. Results of the POMS questionnaire revealed an increase in positive factors and a decrease in negative factors, with a significant overall decrease in POMS results from 8.58 ± 18.47 points before the program to –0.63 ± 15.83 points after the program. As a result of analyzing the differences in stress reduction effects according to the amount of sleep participants had, PTSD showed improvement at 6-8 hours of sleep. These results are expected to be utilized as a basis for stress management and relief in fire fighters.
Early initiation of marijuana use, education, and earnings of young adults

ABSTRACT We estimate the relationships between early initiation of marijuana use (i.e., during middle school or high school), educational attainment and performance, and earnings as a young adult. Grounded in a developmental stages theoretical framework, results indicate that early initiation of marijuana use is negatively related to both educational outcomes and earnings, but the estimated relationships for earnings are diminished in models that control for education and other socioeconomic characteristics. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that early marijuana use indirectly affects young adult earnings through its negative effects on educational outcomes. Our results also indicate that early marijuana initiators who grow up in economically disadvantaged families may have worse educational outcomes than their counterparts who do not grow up with economic disadvantages. Reduced education and earnings among young adults could increase the likelihood of the individual and their family suffering economic hardships later in life.
Intensive versus Conventional Glucose Control in Critically Ill Patients

Intensive glucose control with a target blood glucose 4.5–6.0 mmol/L increases the risk of death at 90 days (number needed to harm (NNH)=38) and severe hypoglycaemia (NNH=16). Level of evidence: 1+ (RCT with a low risk of bias)
Developmental trajectory of pre-hematopoietic stem cell formation from endothelium

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) differentiate from hemogenic endothelial (HE) cells through an endothelial to hematopoietic cell transition (EHT). Newly formed HSPCs accumulate in intra-arterial clusters (IACs) before colonizing the fetal liver. To examine the cell and molecular transitions during the EHT, and the heterogeneity of HSPCs within IACs, we profiled ∼37,000 cells from the caudal arteries of embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) to E11.5 mouse embryos by single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility sequencing. We identified an intermediate developmental stage prior to HE that we termed pre-HE, characterized by increased accessibility of chromatin enriched for SOX, FOX, GATA, and SMAD motifs. A developmental bottleneck separates pre-HE from HE, with RUNX1 dosage regulating the efficiency of the pre-HE to HE transition. Distinct developmental trajectories within IAC cells result in two populations of CD45+ HSPCs; an initial wave of lympho-myeloid-biased progenitors, followed by precursors of hematopoietic stem cells (pre-HSCs).
Effect of Fluid Viscosity on Fault Reactivation and Coseismic Weakening

High‐viscosity fluids are often used during hydraulic fracking operations in georeservoirs. Here we performed dedicated experiments to study the influence of fluid viscosity on fault reactivation and associated induced earthquakes. Experiments were conducted in the rotary‐shear machine Slow to HIgh Velocity Apparatus on experimental fault of Westerly granite saturated by fluids with increasing viscosity (at room temperature) from 0.1 mPa s (water) to 1.2 Pa s (99% glycerol). Fault reactivation was triggered at constant effective normal stress by increasing the shear stress acting on the fault. Our results showed that independent of the viscosity, fault reactivation followed a Coulomb‐failure criterion. Instead, fluid viscosity affected the fault weakening mechanism: flash heating was the dominant weakening mechanism in room humidity and water‐saturated conditions, whereas the presence of more viscous fluids favored the activation of elasto‐hydrodynamic lubrication. Independent of the weakening mechanism, the breakdown work Wb dissipated during seismic faulting increased with slip U following a power law (Wb ∝ U 1.25) in agreement with seismological estimates of natural and induced earthquakes.