Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Causal and Predictive Analysis of Climate Change Using Granger Causality

Current climate simulation models provide valuable insights but are highly complicated, with numerous parameters, making them complex for assessing the causal impact of anthropogenic and natural factors on global temperatures. We applied multivariate Granger causality to investigate how combinations of forcings a↵ect Earth’s surface and ocean temperatures. Clear causal impact was found due to combinations of human factors including wellmixed greenhouse gases, tropical aerosols, ozone, and land use, while nonanthropogenic factors showed a non-trivial but lesser role.
Comparative evaluation of romifidine-ketamine and xylazine-ketamine induction combination for isoflurane anaesthesia in cattle

The study was conducted in 12 clinical cases presented to TVCC, Bidar. Twelve animals were randomly divided in to two groups viz., Group-I and Group-II consisting of six animals in each group. Group –I animals received Romifidine (10μg/kg) intravenously, 10minutes later ketamine was given @3mg/kg body weight intravenously for induction of anaesthesia. In Group-II animal’s xylazine (0.1mg/kg) was administered intravenously, 10minutes later ketamine was given @3mg/kg body weight intravenously for induction of anaesthesia followed by immediate intubation, maintaenance of anaesthesia was done under isoflurane in both the groups. Anaesthetic combinations were compared by clinic physiological, haemodynamic and haematological observations. The induction and recovery were smooth and uneventful in both the groups. Induction was quicker in group-I animals. Physiological and haemodynamic parameters like heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, mean arterial pressure and haemoglobin oxygen saturation were fluctuated within normal limit.non significant bradycardia in groupI. Intermittent apnoea was observed in all animals, frequency was higher in group-I. heamoglobin packed cell volume and total erythrocyte count were decreased non-significantly in both the groups. Nuetrophilia and relative lymphocytopenia was recorded in both the groups. In conclusion romifidine as preanaesthetic for ketamine and isoflurane anaesthetic maintenance is a better combination than xylazine – ketamine and isoflurane anaesthetic mainatnanace in cattle.
Fertility status and relationship between zinc, boron with other properties of soils below five year aged arecanut plantations

A survey was conducted in the areca growing tracts of Davangere districts to assess the fertility status of below five year aged areca plantations. The soils were neutral to alkaline in reaction, EC was normal for plant function and production and medium to higher content of organic carbon, and cation exchange capacity was coincide with organic carbon. Available nutrient status of nitrogen, potassium, sulphur were ranged between medium to high, phosphorus was ranged between low to high. Exchangeable calcium and magnesium were recorded higher than the critical limits. Except boron all other micronutrients were sufficient. All these nutrients were decreased with increase in depth but boron was decreased with increase in depth. With respect to correlation studies Zn and B was positively correlated with clay, pH, EC, OC, CEC, Ca, Fe, Mn and sand, clay, OC, N, Mg, and Cu respectively.
Supplementary material-Analysis of the dependency between drought indices and hydrological variables

where cov is the covariance, DI is the value of the drought index and x is the hydrological variable under consideration. The range of r is -1 to +1, where +1 indicates a perfect positive correlation, -1 is a perfect negative correlation, and a value of zero signifies no correlation. We conduct the same analysis for present and future climates, and for the different irrigation scenarios. Irrigation and climate scenarios are described in the main publication. The results are summarized in Figure 1 and are subsequently discussed. It is important to note that the correlation coefficients only test whether a linear relationship between two sets exists, regardless of the coefficients of the corresponding linear regression (see Section 7 of the publication).
Adoption of online retail banking practices as a precautionary protective behavior during the Covid-19 Pandemic

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Increase in online banking activities has been observed in the new normal of the Covid-19 pandemic. Previous studies argued that fraudsters tend to prey on unexpected events. This threat is also frightening online consumers of retail banking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how online retail banking users can be motivated enough to avoid online banking fraud threats while no compromise on health. METHODS: The population of the study is online banking customers in Pakistan. This study obtained data from 470 respondents who used online banking services by using questionnaires through an online survey. The structure Equation Modeling approach is used to investigate the relationship among study research variables. FINDINGS: Findings from a nationwide online survey confirmed the impact of the pandemic on consumer responses for online retail banking intention. Structure Equation Model results found that Perceived Vulnerability β = 0.24, Perceived Severity β = 0.31, and Response Efficacy β = 0.32 has significant impact on precautionary behavior. Surprisingly, Self-Efficacy was not significant to consumer precautionary behavior during the new normal of COVID-19.CONCLUSION: This study contributes to the literature on online banking and protection motivation theory. Results imply that bankers must invest in online banking and provide a secure environment that prioritizes the safety of the online transaction and create awareness to decrease the threat of fraud during the uncertain situation. The findings of this study particularly call for bankers, retailers’ attention to online management of security systems.
Analysis of common genetic mutations in a cohort of Sri Lankan children with salt wasting form of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Results Fourteen patients had homozygous mutations; six patients were compound heterozygotes as determined by investigating parents of the patients, one patient had a large gene deletion which was previously reported and the remaining patients had at least one heterozygous mutation. The following allele frequencies were observed for each mutation P30L 10%, I2G 40%, 8 bp-18.33%, I172N 3.33%, E6 cluster 5%, Q318X 40% and R356W 3.33%. V281L mutation was not observed in the study cohort. DNA sequencing revealed a novel mutation G292S in one patient.
The Significance of Personal Value, Risk Attitude and Trust on Life Insurance Ownership in the Northern Regions of Malaysia (Kepentingan Nilai Peribadi, Sikap terhadap Risiko dan Kesediaan Mempercayai berhubung dengan

This paper examines the relationships of life insurance ownership with personal value, risk attitude and trust among the individuals in the northern regions of Malaysia to enable the undertaking of appropriate actions in promoting life insurance ownership by individuals (residing in the northern regions of Malaysia) who have not owned life insurance yet. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Stratified random sampling method was used to approach respondents. The data were subject to binary logistic regression analysis. The major finding shows that only trust is found to have a (positive and) significant relationship with life insurance ownership. Thus, this paper proposes that life insurance agents are required to undergo professional trainings in life insurance selling to minimize the incidents of misconducts among agents. This can promote a greater trust among the prospects in agents and increase the likelihood of owning life insurance. In addition, directions for future research are also highlighted.
Modelling dependence and coincidence of storm surges and high-1 tide : Methodology , discussion and recommendations based on a 2 simplified case study in Le Havre ( France ) 3 4 Amine

Coastal facilities such as nuclear power plants (NPPs) have to be designed to withstand extreme weather 10 conditions and must, in particular, be protected against coastal floods because it is the most important source of 11 coastal lowlands inundations. Indeed, considering the combination of tide and extreme storm surges (SSs) is a key 12 issue in the evaluation of the risk associated to coastal flooding hazard. Most existing studies are generally based on 13 the assumption that high tides and extreme SSs are independent.While there are several approaches to analyze and 14 characterize coastal flooding hazard with either extreme SSs or sea levels, only few studies propose and compare 15 several approaches combining the tide density with the SS variable. Thus this study aims to develop a method for 16 modelling dependence and coincidence of SSs and high tide. In this work, we have used existing methods for tide 17 and SS combination and tried to improve the results by proposing a new alternative approach while showing the 18 limitations and advantages of each method. Indeed, in order to estimate extreme sea levels, the classic joint 19 probability method (JPM) is used by making use of a convolution between tide and the skew storm surge (SSS). 20 Another statistical indirect analysis using the maximum instantaneous storm surge (MSS) is proposed in this paper 21 as an alternative to the first method with the SSS variable. A direct frequency analysis using the extreme total sea 22 level is also used as a reference method. The question we are trying to answer in this paper is then the coincidence 23 and dependency essential for a combined tide and SS hazard analysis. The results brought to light a bias in the MSS 24 based procedure comparing to the direct statistics on SLs and this bias is more important for high return periods. It 25 was also concluded that an appropriate coincidence probability concept, considering the dependence structure 26 between SSs, is needed for a better assessment of the risk using the MSS. The city of Le Havre in France was used 27 as a case study. Overall, the example has shown that the return levels (RLs) estimates using the MSS variable are 28 quite different from those obtained with of the method using the SSSs, with acceptable uncertainty. Furthermore, 29 the shape parameter is negative form all the methods with a much heavier tail when the SSS and the extreme sea 30 levels (ESLs) are used as variables of interest. 31 Key-words: Coastal flooding, Combination, Joint Probability Method, Convolution, Dependence, Coincidence 32
Evaluation of different soil parameters under poplar based agroforestry system

The field experiment was carried out in Agroforestry Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand during the rabi season for two years 2014-16. Soil properties such as soil pH, soil EC, soil organic carbon, available soil nitrogen, available soil potassium, available soil phosphorus were tested under poplarwheat agroforestry system in randomized block design with three replications during both the years 2014-15 and 15-16.
Approach to Internet Addiction Disorder among Adolescent and Young Adults in Primary Health Care

Background: Internet addiction disorder (IAD) or compulsive internet use has drawn scientific interests around the world. The definition of IA is commonly defined as an involuntary condition in which person exhibits extreme concern about the use of the Internet, problems in controlling time on the Internet, frustration when interrupted while online, and diminished social contact in the real world. Aim: In this review, we will look into the types, diagnosis, management and associated comorbidities of internet addiction among adolescents and young adults. Conclusion: Adolescents are the most vulnerable age group for internet addiction. Internet addiction can be treated behaviorally or pharmacologically depending on severity of addiction. Prevention programs to define adolescent with risky lifestyles for developing internet addiction and behavior modification should be conducted. Awareness about risks should be raised among this age group and their parents.
Monitoring of Self-Paced Action Timing and Sensory Outcomes After Lesions to the Orbitofrontal Cortex

Abstract Anticipation, monitoring, and evaluation of the outcome of one's actions are at the core of proactive control. Individuals with lesions to OFC often demonstrate behaviors that indicate a lack of recognition or concern for the negative effects of their actions. Altered action timing has also been reported in these patients. We investigated the role of OFC in predicting and monitoring the sensory outcomes of self-paced actions. We studied patients with focal OFC lesions (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 20) while they produced actions that infrequently evoked unexpected outcomes. Participants performed a self-paced, random generation task where they repeatedly pressed right and left buttons that were associated with specific sensory outcomes: a 1- and 2-kHz tone, respectively. Occasional unexpected action outcomes occurred (mismatch) that inverted the learned button–tone association (match). We analyzed ERPs to the expected and unexpected outcomes as well as action timing. Neither group showed post-mismatch slowing of button presses, but OFC patients had a higher number of fast button presses, indicating that they were inferior to controls at producing regularly timed actions. Mismatch trials elicited enhanced N2b-P3a responses across groups as indicated by the significant main effect of task condition. Planned within-group analyses showed, however, that patients did not have a significant condition effect, suggesting that the result of the omnibus analysis was driven primarily by the controls. Altogether, our findings indicate that monitoring of action timing and the sensory outcomes of self-paced actions as indexed by ERPs is impacted by OFC damage.
Extraction-Spectrophotometric Studies on the Ion-Pairing Between Some 2,3,5-Substituted Monotetrazolium Cations and Anions Deriving from 4-(2-Thiazolylazo)resorcinol or 4-(2-Pyridylazo)resorcinol

The ion-pairing between some 2,3,5-substituted monotetrazolium cations (T + ) and anions deriving from 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) or 4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol (TAR) was studied by water-chloroform extraction and spectrophotometry. The following tetrazolium salts (TS) were used as a source of T + : i) 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC); ii) 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazol)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT); iii) 3-(2-naphtyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (Tetrazolium violet, TV); and iv) 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (INT). The spectral characteristics of the extracted species were established at different pH and TS concentration. The composition and stability of the ion-pairs were determined at pH 9, where the extraction of neutral PAR (H 2 PAR) and TAR (H 2 TAR) species was negligible. The results showed that the ion-pairs can be expressed with the following formulae (T + )(HTAR – ) (where T + = TT + , MTT + , TV + or INT + ), (T + )(HPAR – ) (where T+ = TT + , MTT + or TV + ) and [(INT + )(HPAR – )] 2 . Relationships involving the molecular masses of the ion-pairs (M IP ) or T + (M T +) and the values of the constants of association (b) or conditional molar absorptivities (e’) were examined, namely Log b = f(Log M IP ) and e’ = f(Log M T +). Some practical aspects concerning the investigation of metal complexes with TS-PAR/TS-TAR were discussed.
National Democratic Institute for International Affairs

For the last 20 years, NDI has made continual advancements in its ability to design and deliver programs that increase the organized political participation of citizens. At the same time, NDI’s Citizen Participation team has worked to encourage, track and propagate these advancements so that they become part of NDI’s program practice. The Civic Update has chronicled many of these changes, and this issue will outline some of the most notable practices.
Doubly-Affine Extractors, and their Applications

In this work we challenge the common misconception that information-theoretic (IT) privacy is too impractical to be used in the real-world: we propose to build simple and reusable IT-encryption solutions whose only efficiency penalty (compared to computationally-secure schemes) comes from a large secret key size, which is often a rather minor inconvenience, as storage is cheap. In particular, our solutions are stateless and locally computable at the optimal rate , meaning that honest parties do not maintain state and read only (optimally) small portions of their large keys with every use. Moreover, we also propose a novel architecture for outsourcing the storage of these long keys to a network of semi-trusted servers, trading the need to store large secrets with the assumption that it is hard to simultaneously compromise too many publicly accessible ad-hoc servers. Our architecture supports everlasting privacy and post-application security of the derived one-time keys, resolving two major limitations of a related model for outsourcing key storage, called bounded storage model. Both of these results come from nearly optimal constructions of so called doubly-affine extractors : locally-computable, seeded extractors Ext ( X, S ) which are linear functions of X (for any fixed seed S ), and protect against bounded affine leakage on X . This holds unconditionally, even if (a) affine leakage may adaptively depend on the extracted key R = Ext ( X, S ); and (b) the seed S is only computationally secure. Neither of these properties are possible with general-leakage extractors.
Retrospective screening for SARS-CoV-2 among 5,800 hospitalizations related to influenza-like illness during the 2018-19 pre-pandemic and 2019-2020 pandemic influenza seasons in the VAHNSI network, Spain.

On March 9 2020 the WHO Global Influenza Program (GIP) asked participant sites on the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) to contribute to data collection concerning severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We re-analysed 5,615 viral RNA archived samples collected prospectively from hospital admissions for influenza-like illness (ILI) in the Valencia Region of Spain by the VAHNSI network (4 hospitals, catchment area population 1,118,732) during the prepandemic 2018/2019 (n=4,010) and pandemic 2019/2020 (n=1,823) influenza seasons, for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. We did not find evidence for community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospital admissions for ILI in our region before 8 March 2020.
A comparison of adoption and service quality between large and small broadband internet service providers in Thailand

This research aims to compare the influence of service quality on intention to use broadband internet through attitudes and technology acceptance, as mediator variables between large and small broadband internet service providers (ISPs) in Thailand. A comprehensive review of the literature has modified the development of this behavioral model that explains intention to use of broadband internet. A data set from two groups: large and small broadband ISPs, nationwide survey was conducted in Thailand (n = 928 consumers). The theoretical model was tested using structural equation modeling. The findings show that integrated models have good explanatory power (78.3 percent) to predict customer’s intention to use broadband internet. The results of this study are as follows. Firstly, service quality: tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy, supports second-order factor analysis. Service quality has an influence on attitude, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and intention to use broadband internet both two types of service providers. Secondly, perceived usefulness has a significant effect on attitude, and intention to use only in small companies. Thirdly, attitude, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use as mediator variables have a positive effect between service quality and intention to use broadband internet. This study proposes customer acceptance on broadband internet using a modified TAM.to reveal the impact of service quality on intention to use. The results of this study can be replicated and extended to ASEAN countries. The conclusions and implications for management provide alternatives for companies to increase the number of internet users in order to improve overall quality of life.
Improving Intravenous Medication Administration and Reducing Medication Errors Among Critical Care Nurses at Jordan University Hospital

Background: Medication errors represent a serious problem in the hospital setting and remain a challenge to navigate among hospitalized patients in all departments. Mistakes in medication administration are considered a significant issue that threatens a patient’s safety and may increase their hospital stay, treatment costs, and mortality rate. Medication errors commonly committed by nurses may include medication preparation or administration errors, which are associated with the highest risk areas in nursing practice. Methodology: A pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental, the observational design was used. Convenience sampling was employed to include all intravenous medication errors committed by nurses in three ICUs of Jordan University Hospital (pretest: 236 errors and post-test: 68 errors, respectively). A designed incident report was used for data collection. Data collection was carried out simultaneously in the three ICUs during nurses’ preparation and administration of intravenous medications over two months for pretest and posttest data (May and June 2018). A tailored evidencedbased educational program designed using Phillips's Manual of I. V. Therapeutics: Evidence-based Practice for Infusion Therapy was furnished to all registered nurses utilizing structured classroom lectures and on-the-job training; moreover, educational medals of common medications and illustration posters were used as additional reminders.Results and Conclusion: More than half of nurses were females and held bachelor’s degrees. Half of the observed medication errors were identified in the surgical ICU. Intravenous medication errors observed during the day shift were significantly higher in number than those in the night shift. A significant reduction in the number of medication errors was noted after the implementation of a bundle of interventions (i.e., there was a reduction from 236 errors to 68 errors). Giving (1) an omeprazole push and then (2) administering vancomycin rapidly thereafter, followed by (3) administering omeprazole at the wrong time, were the three most observed medication BioBacta Journal of Bioscience and Applied Research
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF PHLOMIS OLIVIERI BENTH. AND PHLOMIS PERSICA BOISS

Ethyl acetate and n- butanol fractions obtained from the column chromatography of methanolic extract of aerial parts of P. olivieri gave chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucoside (I) and verbascoside (II), respectively. In addition, two flavonoid glycosides as compound (I) and chrysoeriol-7-β-D- (3''-E-p-coumaroyl) glucoside (III) and one iridoid glycoside, namely, lamiide (IV) were isolated from the ethyl acetate, ether and nbutanol fractions of a methanolic extract of aerial parts of Phlomis persica, respectively. Isolation and structural elucidation of compounds were accomplished by PTLC, CC, HPLC and spectroscopic methods (UV, FTIR, EIMS, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, DEPT, 1 H1 H COSY, HMQC and HMBC).