Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbiological analysis and predictors of gallbladder infection with antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in an HIV setting.

Background South Africa has a high prevalence of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) who have shown to affect the prevalence and severity of infection and sepsis particularly gallbladder disease. Empirical Antimicrobial (EA) therapy for acute cholecystitis (AC) is based largely on bacteria colonisation of bile (bacteriobilia) and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns (antibiograms) obtained from the developed world where the prevalence of PLWH is very low. In an ever-emerging era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, monitoring and updating local antibiograms is underscored. Objective Due to the paucity of data available locally to guide treatment we found it pertinent to examine gallbladder bile for bacteriobilia and antibiograms in a setting with a high prevalence of PLWH to determine if this may demand a review of our local antimicrobial policies for gallbladder infections for both EA and pre-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis (PAP) for laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC). Methodology A retrospective observational descriptive study was undertaken at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Hospital records were reviewed for all patients undergoing cholecystectomy over a 3-year period. Gallbladder bacteriobilia and antibiograms were assessed and compared between PLWH and HIV uninfected (HIV-U). Pre-operative age, ERCP, PCT, CRP and NLR were used as predictors for bacteriobilia. Statistical analyses were performed using R Project and p values of less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results There were no differences in bacteriobilia or antibiograms between PLWH and HIV-U. There was >30% resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate and cephalosporins. Aminoglycoside-based therapy, had good susceptibility patterns whilst carbapenem-based therapy demonstrated the lowest resistance levels. ERCP and age were predictors of bacteriobilia (p<0.001 and 0.002 respectively). PCT, CRP and NLR were not. Conclusion PLWH should follow the same PAP and EA recommendations as HIV-U. For EA, we recommend, a combination of amoxicillin/clavulanate with aminoglycoside-based therapy (amikacin or gentamycin) or piperacillin/tazobactam as monotherapy. Carbapenem-based therapy should be reserved for drug resistant species. For PAP, we recommend the routine use in older patients and patients with history of ERCP undergoing LC.
Some problems in the invariant theory of parabolic geometries

The methods of Bailey, Eastwood and Graham for the parabolic invariant theory of conformal geometry are adapted to study the conformal polynomial invariants in the jets of differential forms, with analogous results being obtained. The methods of Bailey and Gover are then used to give the 'exceptional invariants'. These methods are extended to a different problem---that of the polynomial invariants in the jets of curves at a point, yielding complete results for a particular class of invariants. A construction was given by Graham, Jenne, Mason and Sparling of a set of conformally invariant, linear differential operators with leading term a power of the Laplacian, on general conformal manifolds. Their method involves the use of the 'ambient metric' construction. We give an alternative construction of most of these operators, using an invariant operator on the 'tractor bundle,' and describe the relationship between the tractor bundle and the ambient construction. We also relate these ideas to methods used by Wünsch to find some conformally invariant powers of the Laplacian. We introduce another parabolic geometry, not appearing previously in the literature, which we call contact-projective geometry. The flat model is Sp(2n + 2, T1) acting on p2n+1 The invariants of positively homogeneous functions on the flat model are studied, using methods similar to those of the conformal case. We suggest a curved version of this geometry and describe the form of a tractor bundle—a vector bundle with connection and a skew-symmetric bilinear form; and an ambient space—an affine manifold of one higher dimension equipped with a symplectic form.
Evaluation of the group intervention “Let’s Get Organized” for improving time management, organisational, and planning skills in people with mild intellectual disability

Abstract Background Limited time management skills cause problems in daily life for people with mild intellectual disability (ID) and “Let’s Get Organized” (LGO) is a promising manual-based occupational therapy group intervention aiming to support management skills. Aims/Objectives To evaluate the applicability of the Swedish version of LGO-S by i) exploring enhancements in time management skills, satisfaction with daily occupations, and aspects of executive functioning in people with time-management difficulties and mild ID, and ii) describing clinical experiences of using the LGO-S for people with mild ID. Material and methods Twenty-one adults with mild ID were included. Data were collected pre-/post-intervention and at 3- and 12-month follow-ups with: Swedish version of Assessment of Time Management Skills (ATMS-S), Satisfaction with Daily Occupation (SDO-13), and Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA-SE). There were few follow-up participants (n = 6-9). Results Significant change in time management skills that maintained at 12-months follow-ups. Significant increase in regulation of emotions at 12-month follow-up. Results at 12-months follow-up indicated sustainability in outcomes as measured by ATMS-S. A non-significant positive trend was observed in other outcomes between pre- and post-intervention. Conclusions and significance LGO-S seems applicable for improving skills in time management, organisation and planning also for people with mild ID.
Incidence of Burkitt lymphoma in the United States during 2000 to 2019

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B‐cell lymphoma that occurs worldwide. A study of BL in the US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program during 1973 to 2005 (n = 3043) revealed three age‐specific incidence peaks of BL and rates that were rising. We studied BL cases diagnosed in SEER 22 during 2000 to 2019 (n = 11 626) to investigate age‐specific BL incidence rates and temporal trends. The age‐standardized BL incidence rate was 3.96/million person‐years, with a 2.85:1 male‐to‐female ratio. The BL rate among both Hispanic and White individuals was higher than in Black individuals (4.52, 4.12 vs 3.14). Age‐specific BL rates showed peaks during pediatric, adult and elderly years in males and pediatric and elderly peaks in females. Based on 4524 BL cases with HIV status (SEER 13), only one peak in adult males (45 years) was observed. Overall age‐standardized BL incidence rates rose 1.2%/year (not significant) up to 2009 then fell significantly by 2.4%/year thereafter. Temporal trends in BL rates during 2000 to 2019 varied with age group as pediatric BL rates rose 1.1%/year, while elderly BL rates fell 1.7%/year and adult BL rates rose 3.4%/year until 2007 before falling 3.1%/year thereafter. Overall survival from BL was 64% at 2 years, being highest in pediatric patients and lowest in Black and elderly individuals vs other subgroups. Survival improved by 20% between 2000 and 2019. Our data suggest that BL age‐specific incidence rates are multimodal and that overall BL rates rose up to 2009 and then fell, suggesting changes in etiological factors or diagnosis.
An experimental study of vortex shedding behind linearly tapered cylinders at low Reynolds number

Experiments were performed to study vortex shedding behind a linearly tapered cylinder. Four cylinders were used, with taper ratios varying from 50:1 to 100:1. The cylinders were each run at four different velocities, adjusted to cover the range of laminar vortex shedding for a non-tapered cylinder. The flow was confirmed to consist of discrete shedding cells, each with a constant frequency. For a centrespan Reynolds number greater than 100, the dimensionless mean cell length was found to be a constant. Individual cell size was found to be roughly self-similar. New shedding cells were created on the ends of the cylinders, or in regions adjacent to areas not shedding. Successful scalings were found for both the cell shedding frequencies and their differences, the modulation frequencies. The modulation frequencies were found to be constant along the cylinder span. The shedding frequency Strouhal number versus Reynolds number curve was found to have a slightly steeper slope than the Strouhal number curve for a non-tapered cylinder. Vortex shedding was found to begin at a local Reynolds number of about 60, regardless of any other factors. End effects were found to be of little importance. The vortex splits, which form the links between shedding cells, were found to be similar in some respects to those found by earlier investigators. Amplitude results suggested that the splits at different spanwise locations are temporally sequenced by an overall flow mechanism, a supposition confirmed by flow visualization. Wavelet analysis results showed that while the behaviour of the shedding frequencies in time was relatively unaffected by changing taper ratio, the behaviour of the modulation frequency in time was greatly affected. Comparisons with other experiments point out the universality of vortex splitting phenomena.
An initial but receding altercentric bias in preverbal infants' memory

Young learners would seem to face a daunting challenge in selecting to what they should attend, a problem that may have been exacerbated in human infants by changes in carrying practices during human evolution. A novel theory proposes that human infant cognition has an altercentric bias whereby early in life, infants prioritize encoding events that are the targets of others’ attention. We tested for this bias by asking whether, when the infant and an observing agent have a conflicting perspective on an object's location, the co-witnessed location is better remembered. We found that 8- but not 12-month-olds expected the object to be at the location where the agent had seen it. These findings suggest that in the first year of life, infants may prioritize the encoding of events to which others attend, even though it may sometimes result in memory errors. However, the disappearance of this bias by 12 months suggests that altercentricism is a feature of very early cognition. We propose that it facilitates learning at a unique stage in the life history when motoric immaturity limits infants' interaction with the environment; at this stage, observing others could maximally leverage the information selection process.
Avoidance-motivational intensity modulated the effect of negative emotion on working memory

Although many studies have explored the association between negative emotion and working memory, the findings remain controversial. The present study investigated the role of avoidance-motivational intensity in modulating the effect of negative emotion on different processes (maintenance versus manipulation) of verbal and spatial working memory. Two experiments employed the modified delayed match-to-sample paradigms to separate the two processes of verbal and spatial working memory under different emotional states, respectively. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to perform the delayed match-to-sample task with or without reordering the characters (manipulation process of verbal working memory). In Experiment 2, mental rotation was used as the manipulation process of spatial working memory. The results showed that negative emotion only affected the manipulation process, but not the maintenance process. Relative to neutral and low avoidance-motivated negative conditions, the manipulation processes of both types of working memory were impaired under the high avoidance-motivated negative condition. No significant difference was observed between low avoidance-motivated negative condition and neutral condition. Our results are discussed in relation to efficiency processing theory and motivational dimensional model of affect. We conclude that negative emotional states with high avoidance-motivational intensity impair the manipulation process of verbal and spatial working memory.
Barriers to Adoption of Digital Therapeutics (DTx) into Audiology Clinical Practice: Acknowledging the Challenges, Adapting to the Future

Abstract The continuous advancements in technologies supporting digital health and digital therapeutics (DTx) bring new possibilities to the field of audiology. This study considers a new DTx for tinnitus called Tinnibot and the willingness of a group of Australian university audiology students to consider this new DTx in their future careers as practicing audiologists. A single-group case-series design (pretest/posttest) was used to examine the opinions of 10 university audiology students before and after participating in a 2-hour information workshop on the topics of tinnitus, DTx, cognitive behavioral therapy, and a new digital therapy tool for tinnitus called Tinnibot. Student knowledge levels of the main topic areas increased from poor (before the workshop) to moderate to high after the workshop, with 40% of participants reporting they would very likely use digital therapies for future patients. A common barrier to improving this rating was the need for direct hands-on training on the DTx before the students would be confident to recommend the DTx to patients. Incorporating direct training on DTx into university audiology programs would allow greater uptake of DTx by students as they begin their careers as practicing audiologists.
Analyzing and Improving the Scalability of In-Memory Indices for Managed Search Engines

Managed search engines, such as Apache Solr and Elastic- search, host huge inverted indices in main memory to offer fast response times. This practice faces two challenges. First, limited DRAM capacity necessitates search engines aggres- sively compress indices to reduce their storage footprint. Unfortunately, our analysis with a popular search library shows that compression slows down queries (on average) by up to 1.7× due to high decompression latency. Despite their performance advantage, uncompressed indices require 10× more memory capacity, making them impractical. Second, indices today reside off-heap, encouraging unsafe memory accesses and risking eviction from the page cache. Emerging byte-addressable and scalable non-volatile mem- ory (NVM) offers a good fit for storing uncompressed indices. Unfortunately, NVM exhibits high latency. We rigorously evaluate the performance of DRAM and NVM-backed com- pressed/uncompressed indices to find that an uncompressed index in a high-capacity managed heap memory-mapped over NVM provides a 36% reduction in query response times compared to a DRAM-backed compressed index in off-heap memory. Also, it is only 11% slower than the uncompressed index in a DRAM heap (fastest approach). DRAM and NVM- backed compressed (off-heap) indices behave similarly. We analyze the narrow response time gap between DRAM and NVM-backed indices. We conclude that inverted indices demand massive memory capacity, but search algorithms exhibit a high spatial locality that modern cache hierarchies exploit to hide NVM latency. We show the scalability of uncompressed indices on the NVM-backed heap with large core counts and index sizes. This work uncovers new space- time tradeoffs in storing in-memory inverted indices.
Program Reconditioning: Avoiding Undefined Behaviour When Finding and Reducing Compiler Bugs

We introduce program reconditioning, a method for allowing program generation and differential testing to be used to find miscompilation bugs, and test-case reduction to be used to simplify bug-triggering programs, even when (a) the programming language of interest features undefined behaviour (UB) and (b) no tools exist to detect and avoid this UB. We present two program generation tools based on our reconditioning idea: GLSLsmith for the OpenGL Shading Language (GLSL), a widely-used language for graphics programming, and WGSLsmith for the WebGPU Shading Language (WGSL), a new language for web-based graphics rendering. GLSL features many UBs, but unlike for languages such as C and C++ no tools exist to detect them automatically. While the WGSL language specification features very limited UB, early WGSL implementations do exhibit UB, for reasons of initial implementation simplicity, making it challenging to test them to quickly detect and eliminate unrelated miscompilation bugs. Thanks to reconditioning, we show that GLSLsmith and WGSLsmith allow differential testing and test-case reduction to be applied to compilers for GLSL and WGSL for the first time, despite the unavailability of UB detection techniques for these languages. Through a large testing campaign, we have found 24 and 33 bugs in GLSL and WGSL compilers, respectively. We present experiments showing that when reconditioning is disabled, compiler testing leads to a high rate of test programs that appear to trigger miscompilation bugs, but actually just feature UB. We also present a novel approach to managing floating-point roundoff error using reconditioning, implemented for both GLSL and WGSL.
Register Tiling for Unstructured Sparsity in Neural Network Inference

Unstructured sparse neural networks are an important class of machine learning (ML) models, as they compact model size and reduce floating point operations. The execution time of these models is frequently dominated by the sparse matrix multiplication (SpMM) kernel, C=A× B, where A is a sparse matrix, and B and C are dense matrices. The unstructured sparsity pattern of matrices in pruned machine learning models along with their sparsity ratio has rendered useless the large class of libraries and systems that optimize sparse matrix multiplications. Reusing registers is particularly difficult because accesses to memory locations should be known statically. This paper proposes Sparse Register Tiling, a new technique composed of an unroll-and-sparse-jam transformation followed by data compression that is specifically tailored to sparsity patterns in ML matrices. Unroll-and-sparse-jam uses sparsity information to jam the code while improving register reuse. Sparse register tiling is evaluated across 2396 weight matrices from transformer and convolutional models with a sparsity range of 60-95% and provides an average speedup of 1.72× and 2.65× over MKL SpMM and dense matrix multiplication, respectively, on a multicore CPU processor. It also provides an end-to-end speedup of 2.12× for MobileNetV1 with 70% sparsity on an ARM processor commonly used in edge devices.
On the spatial evolution of centrifugal instabilities within curved incompressible mixing layers

It is known that certain configurations which possess curvature are prone to a class of instabilities which their ‘flat’ counterparts will not support. The main thrust of the study of these centrifugal instabilities has concentrated on curved solid boundaries and their effect on the fluid motion. In this article attention is shifted towards a fluid-fluid interface observed within a curved incompressible mixing layer. Experimental evidence is available to support the conjecture that this situation may be subject to centrifugal instabilities. The evolution of modes with wavelengths comparable with the layer's thickness is considered within moderately curved mixing layers. The high Taylor/Görtler number régime is also discussed which characterizes the ultimate fate of the modes.
Development of ballistic hot electron emitter and its applications to parallel processing: active-matrix massive direct-write lithography in vacuum and thin-film deposition in solutions

Abstract. Making the best use of the characteristic features in nanocrystalline Si (nc-Si) ballistic hot electron source, an alternative lithographic technology is presented based on two approaches: physical excitation in vacuum and chemical reduction in solutions. The nc-Si cold cathode is composed of a thin metal film, an nc-Si layer, an n+-Si substrate, and an ohmic back contact. Under a biased condition, energetic electrons are uniformly and directionally emitted through the thin surface electrodes. In vacuum, this emitter is available for active-matrix drive massive parallel lithography. Arrayed 100×100 emitters (each emitting area: 10×10 μm2) are fabricated on a silicon substrate by a conventional planar process, and then every emitter is bonded with the integrated driver using through-silicon-via interconnect technology. Another application is the use of this emitter as an active electrode supplying highly reducing electrons into solutions. A very small amount of metal-salt solutions is dripped onto the nc-Si emitter surface, and the emitter is driven without using any counter electrodes. After the emitter operation, thin metal and elemental semiconductors (Si and Ge) films are uniformly deposited on the emitting surface. Spectroscopic surface and compositional analyses indicate that there are no significant contaminations in deposited thin films.
Lithuanian academic discourse revisited: Features and patterns of scientific communication

Abstract Over the past several decades, there has been an increasing interest in academic discourse investigations with a specific focus on disciplinary, cultural, and generic aspects of academic text construction. Studies of Spanish, Italian, Greek, Portuguese, French, German, and Russian (inter alia) academic discourse have revealed not only the universal features characteristic of many writing cultures, but also unique rhetorical features, typical of only some of them. In this article, we focus on academic discourse investigations in scientific texts written in one of the lesser-studied languages, Lithuanian. We review here studies of Lithuanian scientific discourse and what those studies reveal about the specific features of Lithuanian academic discourse. The first part of the article identifies how rhetorical structures differ between English and Lithuanian academic texts, whereas the second part presents a comprehensive overview of the functional groups of linguistic units, such as metadiscourse markers, stance and engagement markers, and conceptual metaphors, and how these are different or similar to English academic discourse. The overview of the empirical studies shows the current state of knowledge about Lithuanian academic discourse and highlights some of the items that distinguish Lithuanian writing. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of identifying academic writing traditions of other languages to acknowledge diversity.
Exhaustive study on post effect processing of 3D image based on nonlinear digital watermarking algorithm

Abstract In this work, an exhaustive study on post effect processing of three-dimensional (3D) image is carried to solve the problem of nonlinear digital watermarking algorithm. First, through the feature space decomposition method of the host image, the embedded watermark is constructed with the full row or column rank of the matrix, and then the public key is constructed by using the existence of the unitary matrix of the full row rank and column rank matrix, so that the algorithm can embed and extract the watermark in an asymmetric way. Watermark extraction correlation coefficient (ρ) value is 1. When the deformation amplitude of the model is slight and the noise intensity is σ = 0.0001, the watermark can be extracted successfully, and the watermark extraction correlation coefficient (ρ) is 0.92. In addition, the security of the algorithm is analyzed from many angles, the theoretical analysis is given, and verified by the experimental results. The proposed 3D watermarking methods are used to examine the information capacity of various 3D meshes. The 3D watermarking methods’ resistance to noise perturbation and object cropping is also investigated.