Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Condence Intervals for Quantiles of Treatment Eects under Unconfoundedness

Unlike average treatment eects, the quantiles of treatment eects are not pointidentied in most common program evaluation settings. In this paper I show that bounds for the entire quantile function can nonetheless be estimated in settings where assignment to treatment is as good as random conditional on observable covariates. Furthermore, I show that condence bands for the quantile function can be constructed using subsampling methods. I also extend these results to the instrumental variable setting of Imbens and Angrist (1994), where assignment to treatment is unconfounded but receipt of treatment may not be. I consider implementational issues in detail, and show that the procedure I propose is computationally attractive. The methodology introduced in this paper enables one to make new kinds of program-evaluative statements that could not be made previously using standard methodology. To illustrate, I revisit the well-known data set of Lalonde (1986), and estimate that at least 34% of the population received a non-negative, non-harmful treatment eect.
FURTHER DISCUSSION OF NUMERICAL ERRORS IN CFD

The methods of estimating numerical errors given in an earlier paper are extended in directions that make them useful in actual CFD applications. In particular, the method of estimating convergence error (the error due to insufficient iteration) is extended to allow the possibility of complex eigenvalues; an ad hoc method that can be applied to any case is also given. For the discretization error, which arises from the numerical approximation of the differential equation(s), methods that can be used on non-uniform drids are presented; they can be extended to unstructured grids as well. The utility of these methods is demonstrated for linear problems as well as solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. The examples show that the estimation of errors is neither difficult nor expensive.
Lie subgroups of symmetry groups of fluid dynamics and magnetohydro-dynamics equations

We classify the subalgebras of the symmetry algebras of fluid dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics equations into conjugacy classes under their respective groups. Both systems of equations are invariant under a Galilean-similitude algebra. In the case of the fluid dynamics equations, when the adiabatic exponent γ = 5/3, the symmetry algebra widens to a Galilean-projective algebra. We extend our previous classification of the symmetry algebra in the case of a nonstationary and isentropic flow to the general case of fluid dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics equations in (3 + 1) dimensions. The representatives of these algebras are given in normalized lists and presented in tables. Examples of invariant and partially invariant solutions, for both systems, are computed from representatives of these classifications. The final part of this work contains an analysis of this classification in connection with a further classification of the symmetry algebras in the case of the equations describing the flow of perfect g.
The Extension of the QL Method to Solve the Radiative Heat Transfer Problem in a 3D Square Enclosure Containing Nongrey Gas

As a part of a general code for modeling behavior of combustion products, radiative heat transfer in non-grey and absorbing-emitting media is numerically investigated. The code is provided based on a new approach. A new method for solving the radiative transfer equation, called the QL method, is extended to 3D problems in non-grey media. There is also a discussion about the number of integration points of this method. A combination of the QL method, FTn FVM, CLAM scheme and SLW model was used to solve the radiative transfer equation. The results of the five test cases in 1-, 2- and 3D geometries containing water vapor and/or carbon dioxide are reported in this article. In all cases, the gas was non-isothermal and/or non-homogeneous. The accuracy of the method was assessed by benchmarking the results against previously published results where other methods were used and also against the outcome of employing QL method with the classical FVM, STEP scheme and SLW model. Also the cost of the presented method is compared with the results of combining FVM with the SLW model. The predictions by this method were found to be accurate and computationally cheaper. Therefore the results can be used in general code with full reliability.
Effect of landscape structure depends on habitat type in shaping spider communities of a natural mosaic of Eurasian forest‐steppe

Despite the important ecological role of forest‐steppes in nature conservation, information on the contribution of individual components to arthropod conservation is scarce. Furthermore, the effect of landscape structure on the arthropod composition of a natural mosaic of habitats has been largely understudied. We investigated the effects of habitat type and landscape heterogeneity on spider diversity in forest‐steppes of Kiskunság National Park, Hungary. We sampled ground‐dwelling spiders using pitfall traps in the grasslands, forest edges and forest interiors along a gradient of landscape composition (forest amount) and configuration (edge length) within 18 landscapes. We collected a total of 22,550 adult specimens belonging to 153 species. The three habitats of forest‐steppes showed a distinct community composition with a characteristic set of species traits. Xerothermic species of web‐building spiders were primarily found in grasslands, whereas spiders with a preference for moisture habitats were in the forest interior. The forest edges had higher species richness than forest interiors. The trait diversity, measured as RaoQ, was the highest in grasslands, while the lowest in the forests. We found that the increasing amount of forests in the landscape positively affected species richness in grasslands but negatively in forest edges and interiors. Edge length did not have any effect on spider communities. Increased species richness in grasslands with the increasing amount of forests highlights that grasslands are more affected by spillover from the neighbouring forests than vice versa. Habitat type plays a more important role in shaping spider diversity of natural forest‐steppe patches than landscape structure. However, landscape structure could modify the effect of habitat type. It emphasises the importance of habitat complementarity and therefore the high value of all components of the forest‐steppe landscape.
Model predictive eco-driving control of internal-combustion-engine vehicles equipped with CVTs in car-following scenarios

ABSTRACT Eco-driving control is a key technology for achieving carbon neutrality of vehicles equipped with automated-driving systems and advanced driver-assistance systems. This paper proposes a model-predictive eco-driving controller for car-following by internal-combustion-engine vehicles equipped with continuous variable transmissions. The effectiveness of our controller is demonstrated through numerical simulations. The results indicate that driving operations like the pulse-and-glide strategy are still candidate optimal solutions to the eco-driving control problem in car-following scenarios even in the receding-horizon setting. Moreover, the results indicate that restricting the engine operation range to the optimal brake-specific-fuel-consumption line is not necessarily optimal in the receding-horizon setting.
Control enactment in context: Understanding the interaction of controlee and controller perceptions in inter‐organisational project teams

Control is necessary for aligning the actions of management (i.e., controllers) and subordinates (i.e., controlees) around common goals. The enactment of control often fails in practice; however, as controlee perceptions may not match those of controllers, leading to a myriad of possible outcomes. Through an interpretive case study of two inter‐organisational IT projects, we reveal how controlees' appraisals and responses to controls are context‐dependent and play out across multiple levels (e.g., personal, professional, project and organisational contexts). We build on a coping perspective of IS controls to theorise the ‘coping strategies’ that controlees pursued relevant to these contexts and the ‘coping routes’ followed when combining different consecutive coping strategies. We find the process need not end with the selection of a single strategy but can potentially continue as both the controller and controlees make ongoing readjustments. While Behavioural Control Theory traditionally assumes the presence of a single control hierarchy, interorganisational IT projects are multi‐level entities that amalgamate different structures and cultures. Our study moves beyond the existing assumptions of Behavioural Control Theory to discuss how a controller's choice of activities shapes the salience of different contexts in controlee appraisals.
Drop impact upon superhydrophobic surfaces with regular and hierarchical roughness

Recent studies demonstrate that roughness and morphologies of the textures play essential roles on the dynamics of water drop impacting onto superhydrophobic substrates. Particularly, significant reduction of contact time has greatly attracted people's attention. We experimentally investigate drop impact dynamics onto three types of superhydrophobic surfaces, consisting of regular micropillars, two-tier textures with nano/micro-scale roughness, and hierarchical textures with random roughness. It shows that the contact time is controlled by the Weber number and the roughness of the surface. Compared with drop impact on regular micropillared surfaces, the contact time can be finely reduced by increasing the Weber number on surfaces with two-tier textures, but can be remarkably reduced on surfaces with hierarchical textures resulting from the prompt splash and fragmentation of liquid lamellae. Our study may shed lights on textured materials fabrication, allowing a rapid drop detachment to realize broad appli.
The microstructural location of impurities in ice

The microstructural locations of impurities in natural ice have been of interest for over a century, but only in recent years have efforts been made to determine their location. Here, we outline the few measurements that have been performed. The focus is on a technique that we developed, which has also been subsequently used by others, that involves the controlled sublimation of uncoated ice in a low-vacuum scanning electron microscope. This process leaves behind concentrated impurities, in both the grain boundaries and the grain interiors, which are then identified using energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis. An overview of observations on meteoric ice from both Greenland and Antarctica; on accretion ice from Vostok Station, Antarctica; and on temperate pond and river ice is presented. PACS No.: 61.72-y
A New Technique for Clearance Influence Analysis in Spatial Mechanisms

This paper presents a technique for assessing the influence that clearance in the kinematic pairs of a mechanism has on accuracy. The technique works for both planar and spatial, open-, and closed-chain mechanisms, but not for overconstrained mechanisms. It can be defined deterministic, because it precisely determines the actual pose of the link of interest, and does not rely on probability density functions. The most innovative aspect is that, unlike other existing techniques, knowledge of the forces acting on the mechanism is not needed; on the contrary, given a mechanism configuration, the maximum pose error of the link of interest-that is, the maximum displacement of the link of interest caused by clearance take-up-is directly determined. In this way, a problem which is intrinsically kinematic is solved by a kinematic method, rather than by a kinetostatic one as usually done in the literature. This allows for a more general approach to the clearance problem, as it removes one of the inputs (the external load) usually required for a kinetostatic analysis. The numerical effectiveness of the method is shown on a pure translational parallel manipulator.
Maternal Multiple Sclerosis and Health Outcomes Among the Children: A Systematic Review

Objective To summarize the available literature and provide an overview of in utero exposure to maternal multiple sclerosis (MS) and the influence on offspring health outcomes. Methods We conducted a systematic review by searching Embase, Medline and PubMed.gov databases, and we used covidence.org to conduct a thorough sorting of the articles into three groups; 1) women with MS and the influence on birth outcomes; 2) women with MS treated with disease-modifying therapy (DMT) during pregnancy and the influence on birth outcomes; and 3) women with MS and the influence on long-term health outcomes in the children. Results In total, 22 cohort studies were identified. Ten studies reported on MS without DMT and compared with a control group without MS, and nine studies on women with MS and DMT prior to or during pregnancy met the criteria. We found only four studies reporting on long-term child health outcomes. One study had results belonging to more than one group. Conclusion The studies pointed towards an increased risk of preterm birth and small for gestational age among women with MS. In terms of women with MS treated with DMT prior to or during pregnancy, no clear conclusions could be reached. The few studies on long-term child outcomes all had different outcomes within the areas of neurodevelopment and psychiatric impairment. In this systematic review, we have highlighted the research gaps on the impact of maternal MS on offspring health.
A saturated absorption spectroscopy measurement of the Rydberg constant

A tuneable dye laser saturated absorption measurement of three of the fine-structure components of the Balmer alpha line of atomic hydrogen in a gas discharge yields a value of 10, 973, 731.513(85) m-1 for the Rydberg constant. The number in parenthesis is the uncertainty in the last digit quoted. It represents a standard deviation which is obtained by combining the random (0.021 m-1) and systematic (0.082 m-1) uncertainties as the root sum of their squares.
Rayleigh waves having generalised lateral dependence

Summary It is shown that the surface-guided elastic waves found by Kiselev for isotropic materials and having displacements depending linearly upon the Cartesian coordinate orthogonal to the sagittal plane may be generalised in many ways. For surface waves on any anisotropic half-space, a simple procedure applied to the displacements within the standard surface wave having dependence e i , where k · x ! t and k is the (surface) wave vector, yields displacements depending linearly upon the surface cartesian coordinate orthogonal to the group velocity vector. Moreover, repeated application of this (differentiation) procedure yields a hierarchy of waves having algebraic dependence of successively increasing degree. For isotropic materials, substantial simplification and generalization are possible. Solutions of all algebraic degrees have identical depth dependence. This allows the solutions to be constructed iteratively and motivates a search for general solutions having depth dependence of the normal displacement the same as in the standard surface wave. The procedure gives a new derivation of the solutions found by Achenbach having amplitude of the normal displacement of the surface given by any solution to the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation. Furthermore, exploiting the scale invariance (a property of surface waves on any homogeneous half-space) shows that in every surface-guided disturbance of an elastic half-space, the elevation of the free surface is a solution of the wave equation in two dimensions (the membrane equation). Using the paraxial approximation to the membrane equation, high-frequency Rayleigh waves propagating as narrow beams are described in terms of a scalar Gaussian beam.
Body mass index and natriuretic peptides trends before and after left ventricular assist device

It is unknown to what degree of sarcopenia related to heart failure (HF) is reversible with resolution of the HF syndrome. We evaluated whether (1) weight loss prior to left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is associated with pre‐operative sarcopenia as quantified on pre‐operative chest CTs and (2) determine the relationship between weight recovery (increase) after LVAD implantation and reduction of NT‐proBNP levels.
Trait‐based effects of plant invasion on floral resources, hoverflies and bees

Plant invasions can lead to homogeneous communities with decreased functional diversity. However, invasive plants, with various morphological and phenological traits, may drive pollinator communities in a less predictable, more complex way. They can promote pollinators compatible with their floral traits, while leaving others without foraging resources. Our observational study on 10 invasive herbaceous species applied a trait‐based approach to investigate plant invasion‐driven changes in floral resources, hoverfly and bee communities. We sampled invaded and non‐invaded (control) sites before and during the flowering of the invasive plants. We analysed the differences in floral traits between invasive and native plants, functional diversity and trait distributions of flower and pollinator communities between the invaded and control sites. Five invasive plant species differed from natives in floral traits. Plant invasion caused species‐specific changes in functional diversity and trait distributions of communities. For instance, invaded sites had a decreased functional diversity of hoverflies before flowering of invasive species, and larger hoverflies during flowering of invasive species compared with control sites. Smaller bees were associated with invasive plants with shallow flowers, while larger and long‐tongued bees were associated with two invasive species with restricted floral access. Similar to previous studies, pollinator traits showed mixed or neutral responses to plant invasion. This is probably due to the high integration capability of invasive plants into plant‐pollinator systems, or limitations in sampling, trait resolution, and unrevealed environmental factors. We provide recommendations for future studies to better understand the trait‐based community composition of flowering plants and pollinators.
Alignment-Free Comparison of TOPS Strings

TOPS diagrams are concise descriptions of the struc- tural topology of proteins, and their comparison usually relies on a structural alignment of the corresponding vertex ordered and vertex and edge labelled graphs. Such an approach involves checking for the existence of subgraph isomorphisms, which is an NP complete problem even for this kind of graphs. Therefore, although there exist several algorithms for the alignment-based comparison of TOPS dia- grams that are fast in practice, they have an exponential worst case complexity. Moreover, the alignment-based comparison of TOPS dia- grams assumes conservation of contiguity between homologous TOPS diagram segments. In this paper, we explore the alignment-free comparison of TOPS diagrams. We consider on the one hand similarity and dissimilarity measures based on subword composition of the sequences of secondary structure elements, thus neglecting contact map information, and on the other hand the Universal Similarity Metric from Kolmogorov complexity theory. Eectiveness of these alignment-free methods for TOPS diagrams comparison is assessed by cluster validation tech- niques.
Computational model considerations of defect detection in pipes with bends using focused guided wave

Abstract This paper investigates the propagation of guided ultrasonic wave in pipes with bends using finite element simulation. The defect detectability in pipes with bends, using time delay focusing and synthetic focusing by common source method (CSM) are studied. Results show that the time delay focusing technique improves the confidence in detecting a small defect (3.8% cross-sectional area) beyond the bend, but it is unable to detect defects close to other features like welds or bends. Meanwhile, CSM is able to improve defect detection beyond and close to welding and bends. However, a reference image of a defect-free pipe is needed to detect defects near welds.
Parameterization of comprehensive stabilizing controllers and analysis of its structure

This paper gives the parameterization of all controllers achieving the comprehensive stability which is the stability required in both regulation problems and servo problems. It is shown that subject to some condition, the obtained comprehensive stabilizing controllers possess an internal-model-like structure. It is also proven that in such cases the condition of comprehensive stabilizability implicitly implies that the plant does not have transmission zeros at the poles of the internal-model, as was well understood.
Advances in Brain Metastases Diagnosis: Non-coding RNAs As Potential Biomarkers

Brain metastasis is considered the most common brain tumor. They arise from different primary cancers. The most common primary tumors giving brain metastases include breast, colorectal, lung, melanoma, and renal cancer. Depending only on history, physical examination, and conventional imaging modalities makes brain tumors diagnosis difficult. Rapid and non-invasive promising modalities could diagnose and differentiate between different brain metastases without exposing the patients to unnecessary brain surgeries for biopsies. One of these promising modalities is non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). NcRNAs can determine brain metastases' prognosis, chemoresistance, and radioresistance. It also helps us to understand the pathophysiology of brain metastases development. Additionally, ncRNAs may work as potential therapeutic targets for brain metastases treatment and prevention. Herein, we present deregulated ncRNAs in different brain metastases, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), such as gastric adenocarcinoma, colorectal, breast, melanoma, lung, and prostate cancer. Additionally, we focus on serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) expression of these ncRNAs in patients with brain metastases compared to patients with primary tumors. Moreover, we discuss the role of ncRNAs in modulating the immune response in the brain microenvironment. More clinical studies are encouraged to assess the specificity and sensitivity of these ncRNAs.