Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissecting genotype × environment interaction in advanced varietal lines of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.)) evaluated for seed and fodder yield across twenty environments

The identification of superior and stable genotypes in any crop for commercial cultivation in farmers’ fields is constrained majorly by the existence of genotype × environment interaction (GEI). The current study aimed to assess the patterns of GEI governing seed and fodder yield, identify stable and high seed and fodder yielding genotypes, besides deciphering the correlation among the them in finger millet genotypes evaluated across twenty environments (ten locations-two years combination) in India. The results revealed that the variance due to genotype, environment and GEI were highly significant (P < 0.001) for seed and fodder yield. The AMMI8 model was adequate to explain the detected variation of seed and fodder yield attributable to GEI. For obvious reasons, the check GPU 67 exhibited relatively higher mean seed and fodder yield and also showed excellent stability across all the environments based on AMMI- and BLUP-model indices. In this study, the seed and fodder yielding ability of the genotypes VR1101 and WN559 was comparable to the checks and had broad adaptation across the test environments. The most representative and discriminative environments for seed and fodder yield were E1 and E9. Seed and fodder yield revealed highly significant positive correlations indicating the possibility of effective selection for these two traits simultaneously. The identified stable and high seed and fodder yielding genotypes VR1101 and WN559 are not just worthy genetic resources, and can be recommended for commercial cultivation after further yield trials. Consequently, the genotype VR1101 is approved for commercial cultivation across South Indian states.
Interdevice Agreement between a Smartphone and a Commercial Pupillometer

Background: The reliability of dynamic pupillometry parameters varies from one pupillometer to another, making it difficult to standardize the values for any particular device. Hence, further studies are required to evaluate the agreement of various pupillometer devices and explore their utility in routine clinical settings. Aim: This study sought to evaluate the agreement between smartphone and commercial pupillometer measurements in routine clinical settings. Methods: The study included pupillary measurements obtained by a single investigator from 100 healthy participants (200 eyes) with each pupillometer. Pupillary measurements taken by a smartphone pupillometry application (reflex pupillary light reflex analyzer by Brightlamp [Indianapolis, IN, USA]) were compared with a commercial pupillometer (neurological pupil index-200, NeurOptics Inc., Irvine, USA). Results: The comparison of descriptive statistics revealed a statistically significant difference between the smartphone and commercial pupillometers for various parameters, including maximum diameter, minimum diameter, constriction velocity (CV), maximum CV, and dilatation velocity (P < 0.05), except for latency (P = 0.36). The intraclass correlation coefficient revealed poor agreement between the two devices (<0.50). Conclusion: The measurements by smartphone pupillometry application were found to be unreliable, indicating that they may not be an ideal substitute for commercial pupillometers in their present form in the Indian population. Further studies with larger sample size as well as improvements in the processing and interpretation of the measurements by the software, are needed to determine its utility in routine clinical settings.
Hierarchy Conflict: Causes, Expressions, and Consequences

Hierarchy conflict, a dispute among members over the rank order of influence in the team, often impairs team processes and outcomes. The current literature often operates from the assumption that self-interest must be high when team members engage in hierarchy conflict. Building on interdependence theory, we propose that hierarchy conflict may also occur when members have a more prosocial motivation, leading to a more constructive expression of the hierarchy conflict and more positive effects on team performance than hierarchy conflict instigated by members with a more proself motivation. Specifically, we argue that the extent to which a team member is more driven by prosocial (versus proself) motivation heightens the threshold and lowers the frequency for engaging in a hierarchy conflict and that more prosocially motivated team members express their challenge of the hierarchy more directly and with less intensity than more proself-motivated members. This sets in motion a hierarchy conflict exchange that is more constructive and helps teams perform better compared with hierarchy conflict instigated by proself motivation. Our theory complements and extends the current study of the causes, expressions, and consequences of hierarchy conflict in teams across multiple levels of analysis and helps redirect the focus of how hierarchy conflict is viewed in the literature.
Small Felids Coexist in Mixed-Use Landscape in the Bolivian Amazon

Simple Summary Humans are impacting the planet like never before. In the face of global species loss, many have concluded that the only way to protect species is for humans to remove themselves or be forcefully removed from landscapes. Our study investigates four species of small wild cats in the Bolivian Amazon to determine if they are negatively impacted by human activity, such that they are less likely to occur near human settlements or tourism centers. Field camera data reveal that at least two of these species do not appear to avoid human activity centers, including tourist lodges and indigenous communities, suggesting that these do not conflict with the wild cats’ needs in this landscape. We did not observe negative effects between species that would indicate competition, which suggests high habitat quality or the effective division of roles amongst the cats. Our results illustrate that the combined efforts of government and indigenous peoples in the Greater Madidi Landscape have been successful in protecting these vulnerable species. Abstract In the face of global species loss, it is paramount to understand the effects of human activity on vulnerable species, particularly in highly diverse, complex systems. The Greater Madidi Landscape in the Bolivian Amazon includes several biodiverse protected areas that were created with the goal of sustaining healthy and diverse ecosystems while not impeding the livelihoods of local indigenous peoples. In this study, we sought to use camera trap data and single-species occupancy analysis to assess the impacts of different forms of human activity on four species of small felids: ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), margays (Leopardus wiedii), jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi), and oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus). We modeled both human variables (proximity to indigenous communities, roads, and tourist camps) and non-human variables (terrain ruggedness, proximity to rivers, canopy height, prey availability, and large cat abundance). Margay occupancy was unaffected by any of these human variables and ocelots showed only weak evidence of being affected by tourism. Ocelots were particularly pervasive throughout the study area and were consistently estimated to have high occupancy probability. We did not obtain sufficient data on jaguarundi or oncilla to reliably model these effects. Our results indicate that small cats successfully coexist both with each other and with the surrounding human activity in this unique landscape, which serves as a model for global protected area management.
High Doses of Colchicine Act As “Silver Bullets” Against Severe COVID-19

A 48-year-old patient with a weight of 120 kg with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and gout was hospitalized on the third day of the COVID-19 diagnosis. His general condition is relatively good, oxygen saturation is 89%. Despite starting standard treatment, on the seventh day from the onset of symptoms, the patient deteriorated sharply (oxygen saturation dropped to 74%). The negative development of the disease is interrupted with a loading dose of colchicine of 6 mg. This is a typical case of the life-saving effect of high but safe doses of colchicine in high-risk COVID-19 patients.
AN ANALYSIS OF CULTURAL CONTENT OF ENGLISH TEXTBOOK FOR TENTH GRADE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

This study aimed to discover aspects of cultural content and describe how the culture is represented in English textbooks using descriptive qualitative method with content analysis. The data were collected from the English textbook "Bahasa Inggris," designed for the first tenth-grade Senior High School semester based on the revised 2013 curriculum. The result shows that it is mainly presented through Universality across cultures in categories of culture (39,6%). The target culture (14,9%) has the slightest intention in this textbook. Next, most of the culture with the most minor parts is Perspective (10%). Meanwhile, the sense of culture was dominated by aesthetic sense (42,7%). Semantic sense (10%) has the slightest intention in this textbook. In this textbook, many cultures are not specific to any particular culture or country. In addition, this research also found an unbalanced quantity of data on this cultural aspect.
Approach to esophageal absent contractility: can we do better?

Absent contractility (AC), a motility disorder characterized by the absence of esophageal contractions while maintaining normal lower esophageal sphincter relaxation, is recognized as a distinctive major disorder of peristalsis on esophageal high-resolution manometry that warrants comprehensive understanding. This unique motility disorder often co-occurs with connective tissue, rheumatologic or autoimmune diseases, with scleroderma being the classic example. Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux are common. AC can profoundly impact patients’ lives and result in a spectrum of complications, including erosive esophagitis, esophageal candidiasis, Barrett’s esophagus, and malnutrition. To address the intricate complexities of AC and its multifaceted complications, a multidisciplinary approach is paramount. This approach considers the distinct clinical presentation and underlying rheumatologic conditions of the individual patient, recognizing the inherent diversity within this disorder. While medical management of gastroesophageal reflux remains the cornerstone of AC treatment, emerging surgical and endoscopic interventions offer additional therapeutic options for those grappling with this challenging condition. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth evaluation of recent advances in our understanding of AC and its management. It endeavors to offer valuable insights into therapeutic strategies for AC and its associated issues.
Genetic Structure of Gallus varius Based on Middle-Lower Section of Control Region mtDNA

Gallus varius, an indigenous bird species of Indonesia, demonstrates significant genetic diversity. The genetic diversity assessment in G. varius encompassed both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA, with the mtDNA analysis primarily centered on domain I of the control region. This study aimed to describe the genetic diversity and structure of G. varius inhabiting Java, Madura, Lombok and Sumbawa based on the middle-lower part of control region mtDNA. Genomic DNA was extracted from the calamus tip of feather, then the middle-lower part of control region was amplified and sequenced using two pairs of primers. In the examined control region, spanning from 944 to 1,008 bp, 13 bp of nucleotide variation was observed, with nucleotide diversity at 0.0021. Between G. varius samples and the reference (NC_007238.1), a total of 7 haplotypes were identified, 5 unique and 2 shared haplotypes, with haplotype diversity at 0.7692. The substantial diversity of haplotypes in this study and two previous study suggests that the genetic diversity of G. varius has remained stable over the past two decades. Additionally, genetic distance data indicate there is multiple G. varius subspecies, and the haplotype network accentuates signs of population differentiation.
Network Meta-Analysis Indicates Superior Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Preventing the Transition to Psychosis in Individuals at Clinical High-Risk

Abstract Background The efficacy of pharmacological and nutritional interventions in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) remains elusive. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of pharmacological and nutritional interventions in CHR-P and whether these interventions can enhance the efficacy of psychological treatments. Methods We systematically reviewed data from 5 databases until July 24, 2021: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang Data. The primary outcome was the transition to psychosis. Network meta-analyses were conducted at 3 time points (6, 12, and ≥24 months) considering both pharmacological/nutritional interventions alone and its combination with psychotherapy. Results Out of 11 417 identified references, 21 studies were included, comprising 1983 participants. CHR-P participants receiving omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids treatment were associated with a lower probability of transition compared with placebo/control at 6 months (odds ratio [OR] = 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .01 to .054), 12 months (OR = 0.14, 95% CI = .03 to .66), and ≥24 months (OR = 0.16, 95% CI = .05 to .54). Moreover, risperidone plus psychotherapy was associated with a lower likelihood of transition at 6 months compared with placebo/control plus psychotherapy, but this result was not sustained over longer durations. Conclusion Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids helped in preventing transitions to psychosis compared with controls. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021256209.
Plant Diversity Response to Environmental Factors in Yellow River Delta, China

Plant diversity plays a crucial role in maintaining the functionality of a community and providing essential ecosystem services. Studying the plant diversity and its response to environmental factors in the Yellow River Delta, China, as a newly formed coastal land, is beneficial for protecting plant diversity in coastal areas and maintaining ecosystem stability. In this study, 56 sites were sampled to investigate the diversity of shrubs and herbaceous plant community and its response to environmental factors. The results indicate that the plants growing in the Yellow River Delta are predominantly from the Poaceae and Asteraceae families, with dominant communities consisting of species such as Suaeda salsa, Phragmites australis, Setaria viridis, Imperata cylindrica, and Tamarix chinensis. The Shannon–Wiener index, Simpson diversity index, and Pielou’s evenness index exhibit average values of 0.34, 0.21, and 0.25, respectively, within the Yellow River Delta. These values collectively indicate a low diversity in the vegetation community, reflecting a relatively uncomplicated ecological structure in this area. Additionally, there were no significant differences in biodiversity indices under different soil formation times, but under different land cover types, the biodiversity index of cropland was significantly higher than that of impervious land. Soil salinity index exhibited a significant negative correlation with plant diversity (R2 = 0.279, p < 0.001) in the Yellow River Delta. Moreover, elevation (R2 = 0.247, p < 0.001) and temperature (R2 = 0.219, p < 0.001) showed significant positive effects on plant diversity. Regarding the ecological stoichiometry of plant elements, soil organic carbon exhibited a negative effect on the biodiversity index, while litter carbon showed a positive effect. This may be attributed to the unique topographical conditions and soil salinization in the Yellow River Delta. Our findings provide important references for the sustainable management of wetlands in the Yellow River Delta under conditions of soil salinization.
Experimental Strategies for Studying Tribo-Electrochemical Aspects of Chemical–Mechanical Planarization

Chemical–mechanical planarization (CMP) is used to smoothen the topographies of a rough surface by combining several functions of tribology (friction, lubrication), chemistry, and electrochemistry (corrosion, wear, tribo-corrosion). The surface layer of interest is structurally weakened by the chemical and/or electrochemical reactions of selected additives in a polishing slurry, and the modified surface is flattened by the abrasion of a polishing pad with or without abrasive particles. The chemically active CMP slurry also serves as a lubricant for polishing and enables planarization at a microscopic level while avoiding the formation of defects at the processed surface. Applications of CMP are wide-ranging in various material-processing technologies and, specifically, it is a critical manufacturing step of integrated circuits. The CMP of metals is a significant part of this processing scheme and is associated with highly complex tribo-electrochemical mechanisms that are now additionally challenging due to various new requirements of the advanced technology nodes. The present review examines the current statuses of experimental strategies for collecting important mechanistic details of metal CMP that are necessary to design and assess CMP consumables. Both traditional and underexplored experimental techniques are discussed with illustrative results, including many previously unpublished findings for certain CMP systems of current interest.
Analysis of Embankment Stresses and Deformations

THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD IS APPLIED TO THE EVALUATION OF EMBANKMENT STRESSES AND DEFORMATIONS. CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE PLAYS AN IMPORTANT PART IN THE DEFORMATIONS DEVELOPED IN EARTH EMBANKMENTS, AND IN INCREMENTAL CONSTRUCTION VERSION OF THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD IS DESCRIBED WHICH ACCURATELY ACCOUNTS FOR THIS EFFECT. CALCULATIONS DEMONSTRATE THE INFLUENCE OF BASIC PARAMETERS SUCH AS MATERIAL PROPERTIES, SIZE, GEOMETRY ON THE STRESSES AND DEFORMATIONS DEVELOPED IN EMBANKMENTS, AND THE EFFECT OF FOUNDATION FLEXIBILITY ON THE EMBANKMENT. BECAUSE THE EARTH USED IN EMBANKMENTS IS NOT AN IDEAL ELASTIC MATERIAL, THE FINITE ELEMENT PROGRAM WAS MODIFIED TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT MORE REALISTIC STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIPS. THE SOIL CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS WERE EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF THE BULK MODULUS AND THE DEFORMATION MODULUS, AND IT WAS ASSUMED THAT ONLY THE DEFORMATION MODULUS WOULD VARY WITH STRAIN. RESULTS OF AN ANALYSIS OF OTTER BROOK DAM, USING NONLINEAR PROPERTIES DEFINED BY TESTS OF THE DAM MATERIALS, WERE FOUND TO BE IN GOOD AGREEMENT WITH FIELD OBSERVATIONS OF DEFORMATIONS IN THIS STRUCTURE. /ASCE/
Thaw Slump Susceptibility Mapping Based on Sample Optimization and Ensemble Learning Techniques in Qinghai-Tibet Railway Corridor

Thaw slump susceptibility mapping (TSSM) of Qinghai–Tibet railway corridor (QTRC) is the prerequisite and basis for disaster assessment and prevention of permafrost projects. The objective of this article is to construct ensemble learning models based on single classifier models to generate the TSSM of the QTRC, compare and verify the performance of the models, and further explore the relationship between the high susceptibility area and environmental factors of the QTRC. The collinearity analysis was carried out by selecting 14 thaw slump conditioning factors (TSCFs). We used the balance bagging method for sample optimization, and the dataset was divided into 70% training set and 30% verification set. Convolutional neural network, multilayer perceptron, support vector regression, random forest single classifiers were selected to construct blending and stacking ensemble learning models for the TSSM. The results showed that there was no collinearity among the 14 TSCFS. The comparison of model performance revealed that all models had good performance, but the constructed stacking and blending ensemble learning models had stable performance and high prediction accuracy for TSSM. The stacking ensemble learning model had the best effect, and the area under curve value of receiver operating characteristic curve reached 0.9607. It showed that the generated TSSM of QTRC based on stacking ensemble learning model had the highest reliability. The QTRC has local areas with high thaw slump susceptibility, mainly concentrated in the permafrost areas with high altitude, high slope, adjacent faults, sparse vegetation, ice and snow and the more cumulative precipitation.
Exploring Factors Influencing Fourth Industrial Revolution Skills Acquisition in The Food Services Industry

This study explores skills acquisition factors in utilizing 4IR technologies within the Malaysian Food Services Industry, specifically in dine-in restaurants. Applying a Sequential Exploratory mixed methods approach, the qualitative phase explores reasons for using 4IR technologies, factors influencing service staff skill acquisition, and the required 4IR skills in a Food Services working environment. Based on these qualitative insights, a survey instrument for Food Service staff is developed, integrating constructs from the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory and the Technological-Organisational-Environmental (TOE) Framework. DOI is used to analyze factors influencing technology adoption and skills acquisition, while TOE maps these constructs to technological, organizational, and environmental factors similar to Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) curriculum components. Key findings reveal that 4IR technologies address staff shortages, allowing service staff to perform tasks other than taking orders and sending food to customers. Key factors influencing skills acquisition are the technology’s low complexity and compatibility within the working environment. Key skills include operational handling of 4IR technology, communication skills, risk assessment, escalation of technical issues to maintenance personnel and training of technology use to new staff.
Do Credit Constraints Amplify Macroeconomic Fluctuations?

Previous studies on financial frictions have been unable to establish the empirical significance of credit constraints in macroeconomic fluctuations. This paper argues that the muted impact of credit constraints stems from the absence of a mechanism to explain the observed persistent comovements between housing prices and business investment. We develop such a mechanism by incorporating two key features into a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model: We identify shocks that shift the demand for collateral assets and allow productive agents to be credit-constrained. A combination of these two features enables our model to successfully generate an empirically important mechanism that amplifies and propagates macroeconomic fluctuations through credit constraints.
The Effect of The Audit Committee, Company Size and Audit Tenure on Earnings Management

This study aims to empirically test and empirically prove audit committees' effectiveness, firm size, and tenure audits on earnings management. The population in this study are companies in the goods and consumption industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample selection method in this study used a purposive sampling method. This study's total number of samples was 15 goods and industrial consumption companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 5-year observation period (2017-2021). The analytical tool for testing the hypothesis is EViews version 10. The data analysis method uses descriptive statistical analysis, panel data test, classic assumption test, and hypothesis test. The results of this study indicate that the audit committee, firm size, and tenure audit simultaneously influence earnings management. While the partial firm size and audit tenure do not affect earnings management, the audit committee affects earnings management.