Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Conversion to Organic Farming on Pest and Disease Control in French Vineyards

Since 2006, an increasing number of French vineyards have chosen to convert to organic farming. One major change in vineyard practices includes replacing chemical pesticides with copper and sulfur-based products in line with Council Regulation (EC) No. 834/2007. This change can make overall management and pest and disease control more difficult and potentially lead to yield losses. From 2013 to 2016, a network of 48 vineyard plots, in southern France, under conventional management and in conversion to organic farming were monitored throughout the three-year conversion phase to investigate the grapevine phytosanitary management of four major pests and diseases and variations in control efficiency. The severity of downy and powdery mildew, grape berry moths, and Botrytis bunch rot were assessed and linked to the protection strategy. The findings showed that pests and diseases were controlled in the third year of conversion at similar efficiency levels as in conventional farming. However, the first two years of conversion were a transitional and less successful period during which higher incidences of cryptogamic diseases were observed. This demonstrates a need for winegrowers to receive more in-depth technical advice and support, especially on pest and disease control, during this critical transition period.
Holocene Climate Modulates Mud Supply, Transport, and Sedimentation on the East China Sea Shelf

Shelf mud is an important sink for fluvial sediment, and it is sensitive to variations in river discharge and ocean circulation, which are significantly influenced by climate change. However, the evolution of shelf mud in response to climate change during the Holocene is poorly understood. Here, we present high‐resolution sedimentary records of heavy minerals and mass accumulation rates (MARs) from the East China Sea shelf to study the response mechanisms of the Holocene shelf mud supply, transport, and sedimentation to the climate‐driven variations in fluvial discharge and ocean currents. The results indicate that the shelf mud primarily originates from the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and has been mainly transported by wind‐driven longshore currents in suspension since approximately 8.0 ka. A comparison of the MARs with several shelf mud sedimentation‐rate records and climate changes during the Holocene on millennial timescales showed that strong (weak) precipitation in the river basin, which is positively linked with Asian summer monsoon and El Niño‐driven storms, could intensify (weaken) the fluvial sediment supply, thereby increasing (decreasing) the shelf mud deposition flux. On multicentennial timescales, changes in the relative intensities of different ocean currents due to climate oscillations during the Holocene could generate frequent migrations of the current shear front (a hydrodynamic barrier), which has trapped an abundance of suspended materials on the shoreward side and resulted in rapid mud sedimentation (~2.3 g/cm2/year) at different sites during different periods. Therefore, our study highlights that the Holocene shelf mud evolution responds sensitively to climate changes on different timescales.
Confidence distributions and empirical Bayes posterior distributions unified as distributions of evidential support

Abstract While empirical Bayes methods thrive in the presence of the thousands of simultaneous hypothesis tests in genomics and other large-scale applications, significance tests and confidence intervals are considered more appropriate for small numbers of tested hypotheses. Indeed, for fewer hypotheses, there is more uncertainty in empirical Bayes estimates of the prior distribution. Confidence intervals have been used to propagate the uncertainty in the prior to empirical Bayes inference about a parameter, but only by combining a Bayesian posterior distribution with a confidence distribution. Combining distributions of both types has also been used to combine empirical Bayes methods and confidence intervals for estimating a parameter of interest. To clarify the foundational status of such combinations, the concept of an evidential model is proposed. In the framework of evidential models, both Bayesian posterior distributions and confidence distributions are special cases of evidential support distributions. Evidential support distributions, by quantifying the sufficiency of the data as evidence, leverage the strengths of Bayesian posterior distributions and confidence distributions for cases in which each type performs well and for cases benefiting from the combination of both. Evidential support distributions also address problems of bioequivalence, bounded parameters, and the lack of a unique confidence distribution.
Modeling thermal regime and evolution of the methane hydrate stability zone of the Yamal peninsula permafrost

In recent years, new geophysical phenomena have been observed in the high‐latitude regions of continental permafrost. Since 2014 new craters 10–20 m in diameter have been found within the Yamal Peninsula and neighboring regions. They are associated with the emissions of gases, which could have been formed during dissociation of relict gas hydrate deposits due to increases in soil temperature. This paper presents the results of numerical modeling of the thermal regime of permafrost in the north of Western Siberia with the assessment of methane hydrate stability zone under climate changes over the past 130,000 years. According to the results obtained, the upper boundary of the methane hydrate stability zone in Yamal could have reached the surface within the periods of glacial maxima (about 90,000 and 60,000 years ago). We show that at present in Yamal permafrost above the modern boundary of the stability zone, relic methane hydrates are likely to exist at depths of up to 100–150 m, they could have “survives” warming during the Holocene optimum about 6,000 years ago and remain in permafrost rocks under negative temperatures even under transgression and increased geothermal flux conditions.
Factors Controlling Hypoxia Occurrence in Estuaries, Chester River, Chesapeake Bay

The Chester River, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, provides critical habitats for numerous living species and oyster aquaculture, but faces increasing anthropogenic stresses due to excessive nutrient loading and hypoxia occurrence. An application of the Integrated Compartment Water Quality Model (ICM), coupled with the Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM), was carried out to study the controlling mechanisms and interannual variability in hypoxia occurrence from 2002 to 2011. Our study shows that hypoxia occurs mostly in the main stem in July, followed by August and June. On an interannual scale, 2005 had the highest hypoxia occurrence with an accumulative hypoxia volume of about 10 km3-days, whereas 2008 had the lowest occurrence with an accumulative hypoxia volume of about 1 km3-days. Nutrient loading is the predominant factor in determining the intensity and interannual variability in hypoxia in the Chester River estuary, followed by stratification and saltwater intrusion. Phosphorus has been found to be more efficient in controlling hypoxia occurrence than nitrogen due to their different limiting extent. On a local scale, the Chester River estuary is characterized by several meanders, and at certain curvatures helical circulation is formed due to centrifugal forces, leading to better reaeration and dissolved oxygen (DO) supply to the deeper layers. Our study provides valuable information for nutrient management and restoration efforts in the Chester River.
Graphite-Filled Polyethylene/Epoxy Blend for High-Conductivity Applications: The Immiscibility Edge

ABSTRACT Polyethylene (PE)/epoxy blends filled with graphite were prepared and studied in this work. The in-plane and through-plane conductivities of the composites increased from 11.68 Scm−1 to 73.11 Scm−1 and 0.20 Scm−1 to 4.12 Scm−1, respectively, as graphite content increased from 30 to 80 wt%. Phase bonding effect of the compatibilizer and reinforcing effect of the filler enhanced the flexural modulus and strength of the composites up to 70 wt% filler content. The electrical conductivities attained by these composites being significantly higher than comparable composite formulations in literature show the edge of immiscible PE/epoxy blend for achieving high-conductivity polymer composites. Graphical abstract
Inteligência emocional: habilidade relacional para o enfermeiro-líder na linha de frente contra o novo Coronavírus / Emotional intelligence: relationship skill for the nurse-leader on the front line against the new Coronavirus

Objetivo: tecer reflexões acerca da inteligência emocional enquanto habilidade relacional para o enfermeiro-líder na linha de frente contra o novo Coronavírus. Método: ensaio teórico-reflexivo, construído a partir da literatura produzida sobre o novo Coronavírus, sua repercussão para os profissionais da saúde e domínio da inteligência emocional pelo enfermeiro-líder para enfrentar as adversidades impostas pelo cenário turbulento. Resultados: a pandemia tem gerado desgaste emocional nos profissionais de saúde que atuam junto aos pacientes contaminados com a doença. Como estratégia de enfrentamento, destaca-se o conhecimento sobre a inteligência emocional, que consiste na habilidade de manejar as emoções intrapessoais e interpessoais, mediante a compreensão dos cincos pilares: autoconsciência, autogestão, automotivação, empatia e gerenciamento de relacionamentos. Conclusões: a gestão das emoções pelo enfermeiro-líder poderá colaborar com o enfrentamento do desgaste emocional, a partir do cultivo de pensamentos positivos, prática de meditação, cuidados com a saúde física e distanciamento de informações, excessivas, sobre a pandemia.
Aflatoxins, Dairy Products Contamination in the Incidence and Development of Diseases in Children Population – A Short Systematic Review

Aims: This study aimed to characterize a profile according to a systematic review when addressing the acute effects and side effects on child health and the importance of preventive measures for controlling food in the presence of aflatoxins and mycotoxins. Review Article Reis et al.; AJMAH, 18(7): 35-44, 2020; Article no.AJMAH. 58929 36 Methods: The method used was a systematic review. We conducted a systematic review of the SCOPUS, PUBMED, COCHRANE databases to identify all potential publications between the years 2005 and 2018. At the same time, short and extended abstracts were excluded. The language of the studies was in English and Portuguese. After this process, the selected articles were examined and the data extracted for analysis were 05 articles. Results: The initial search resulted in 289 randomized experimental articles. the presence of liver cancer is represented as the primary effect of chronic toxicity related to high dose intake in an ordinary matter. The aflatoxins B1 promotes the formation of hepatocellular carcinoma and it can occur with lower doses than the standard established of 30 μg/kg. Conclusion: This systematic review shows the need for food control regarding aflatoxins contamination, especially food targeting children, once the health damages can occur in both acute and chronic exposures, bringing growth and development impairment due to immune system disorders and frequent infections.
The Use of Instagram to Improve English Literature Studentsâ€™ Self-Confidence in Mastering Speaking Skill

Abstract: Instagram is one of social media applications used in daily life now. It is used to uploading any picture, video, and live event. This research aims to describe the use of Instagram to improve English literature studentsâ€™ self confidence in mastering speaking skill. This research was qualitative research. 28 students of the first semester in English Literature Department, Faculty of Culture Sciences, Mulawarman University were taken as respondents of this research. Technique of collecting data used was (1) interview, (2) observation, (3) questionnaire, and (4) documentation. Meanwhile, technique of analyzing data used was miles and Hubermanâ€™s model. Based on the research findings, it shows that (1) most of students strongly agree about the use of Instagram in mastering speaking skill and (2) studentsâ€™ self-confidence in speaking skill can be improved. From those explanations, it can be concluded that Instagram can improve studentsâ€™ speaking skill from inside to outside. Moreover, speaking through Instagram is more comfortable for passive students in the classroom. Besides that, students are more confidence to speak English than before through Instagram. Â Â Abstrak: Instagram adalah salah satu aplikasi media sosial yang digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sekarang. Ini digunakan untuk mengunggah gambar, video, dan acara langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan Instagram untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan diri mahasiswa sastra Inggris dalam menguasai kemampuan berbicara . Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. 28 siswa semester pertama di Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Mulawarman diambil sebagai responden dari penelitian ini. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah (1) wawancara, (2) observasi, (3) kuesioner, dan (4) dokumentasi. Sementara itu, teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah mil dan model Huberman. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, itu menunjukkan bahwa (1) sebagian besar siswa sangat setuju tentang penggunaan Instagram dalam menguasai keterampilan berbicara dan (2) kepercayaan diri siswa dalam keterampilan berbicara dapat ditingkatkan. Dari penjelasan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Instagram dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara siswa dari dalam ke luar. Selain itu, berbicara melalui video Instagram lebih nyaman bagi siswa pasif di kelas. Selain itu, siswa lebih percaya diri untuk berbicara bahasa Inggris daripada sebelumnya melalui Instagram.
Tracking the snow line: Responses to climate change by New Zealand alpine invertebrates

ABSTRACT We review and test an ecological paradigm that asserts that alpine invertebrate communities may shift upslope with climate warming. Our model couples the end of summer snow line (EOSS) elevation with invertebrate populations in New Zealand’s Southern Alps, using a forty-year data set, from fifty index glaciers. We show the snow line has risen an average 3.7 m a−1. This is equivalent to raising alpine isotherms by almost 150 m and presents alpine biotic populations with four possible scenarios: upslope tracking, stasis, horizontal dispersal, or local adaptation. We characterize the alpine invertebrate biota (AIB) and present two case studies that show that high-elevation taxa have tracked the snow line within a narrow range (<20 m), whereas lower elevation taxa have potentially shifted by tens of meters. Relationships between the EOSS and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) are investigated because precipitation and temperature influence snow line elevation by 25 percent. We also highlight the utility of invertebrates for monitoring climate change impacts on alpine ecosystems with a proposal for alpine climate monitoring units (CMUs), complementing an existing network of ecological management units (EMUs). We include an annotated list of New Zealand alpine invertebrates as potential indicators of climate change.
Secure Cooperative Hybrid VLC-RF Systems

In this paper, a cooperative hybrid visible light communication (VLC)-radio frequency (RF) system with spatially random terminals is considered. Especially, a source node (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) with a group of light-emitting diode (LED) lamps transmits information bits to a destination (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), which is located out of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula>’s coverage area, via a relay node (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is equipped with a photodetector and an antenna to set up a VLC link between <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and a radio frequency (RF) link between <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. Meanwhile, an eavesdropper (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) equipped with a photodetector and an antenna tries to overhear the information delivery over VLC and RF links. Also, diversity receiving scheme is considered at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, while the same modulation scheme is considered over both VLC and RF links. Furthermore, decode-and-forward scheme is adopted at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to process and forward the received VLC signals. By employing stochastic geometry, we first characterize the probability density function and cumulative distribution function of the received signal-to-noise-ratio over both VLC and RF links, while considering the randomness of the locations of both <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Then, the secrecy performance of the target system is studied by deriving the approximated expressions for the secrecy outage probability under various cases. Finally, the proposed analytical models are verified via Monte-Carlo simulations.
Probabilistic prediction of geomagnetic storms and the Kp index

Geomagnetic activity is often described using summary indices to summarize the likelihood of space weather impacts, as well as when parameterizing space weather models. The geomagnetic index K p in particular, is widely used for these purposes. Current state-of-the-art forecast models provide deterministic K p predictions using a variety of methods – including empirically-derived functions, physics-based models, and neural networks – but do not provide uncertainty estimates associated with the forecast. This paper provides a sample methodology to generate a 3-hour-ahead K p prediction with uncertainty bounds and from this provide a probabilistic geomagnetic storm forecast. Specifically, we have used a two-layered architecture to separately predict storm (K p ≥ 5−) and non-storm cases. As solar wind-driven models are limited in their ability to predict the onset of transient-driven activity we also introduce a model variant using solar X-ray flux to assess whether simple models including proxies for solar activity can improve the predictions of geomagnetic storm activity with lead times longer than the L1-to-Earth propagation time. By comparing the performance of these models we show that including operationally-available information about solar irradiance enhances the ability of predictive models to capture the onset of geomagnetic storms and that this can be achieved while also enabling probabilistic forecasts.
Testing relationships between smartphone engagement, romantic partner communication, and relationship satisfaction

As smartphone technology has spread rapidly across the globe, growing concern has spotlighted how these devices can limit the quality of our communication with others and harm interpersonal relationships. The current study examined how self-reported smartphone use and smartphone dependency were associated with romantic partner communication, and how these variables subsequently tied to relationship satisfaction. Working with a sample of 433 American young adults in romantic relationships, the study found that smartphone use was associated with increased communication between romantic partners, and increased mediated communication between partners predicted more affectionate communication. Conversely, increased smartphone dependency was directly associated with less affectionate communication and lower relationship satisfaction. The study offers insights into how smartphones potentially affect how we connect with romantic partners.
THE EFFECT OF WRITTEN SELF-DISCLOSURE ON POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EMOTIONS

In this research, the effect of written self-disclosure's, on the positive and negative emotions of individuals has been investigated. The research was carried out with 8 people (1 woman, 7 men) residing in Giresun (Turkey) who agreed to participate in the research voluntarily. Participants first filled in the personal information forms provided by the researcher (in the researcher's office) and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule was used as the pretest. Immediately after these, the participants were left alone for the first written self-disclosure activity. The next 7 written self-disclosure activities were carried out by the researcher via phone calls while the participants were at their homes. After conducting 8 written self-disclosure activities in total, the participants were subjected to the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule once more as the post-test. The same schedule was reapplied as a follow-up test one month after the application was completed and the results were evaluated. The research was conducted in a pretest-posttest semi-experimental pattern (without any control group), and frequency, percentage and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test were used for the analysis of the data. In this research, where the effect of written self-disclosure on the positive and negative emotions of individuals who have personal, emotional or physical problems that they have not been able to talk about with anyone for a long time, has been investigated, three main results have been obtained. The first result is that written self-disclosure has an effect on the negative emotions of individuals and "reduces the negative emotions". In addition, as the second result, it was observed that written self-disclosure has no effect on positive emotions. Lastly, based on the follow-up tests conducted one month after the study was completed, it was seen that the effect of written self-disclosure on negative emotions remained one month later as well, which was the third main conclusion of the research. Article visualizations:
The Emergency Remote Learning Experience of University Students in Indonesia amidst the COVID-19 Crisis

This study aimed to explore and interpret the lived experience of Indonesian university students in emergency remote learning (ERL) during the COVID-19. Methods of the investigation was a qualitative phenomenological approach involving 80 students from the Social Science Education Program at a public university in Jakarta. Understanding their experience was achieved through a rigorous analysis of the participants’ diaries and reflective essays and an online focus group. Results revealed that the students’ experiences fell into two overarching themes, each with related sub-themes. The two identified themes and subthemes were: (a) blended learning, with the subthemes of e-learning, m-learning and conventional learning, and (b) paradoxical learning, with the sub-themes of flexible learning and challenging learning. By studying how university students learned during COVID-19, we could help ensure the efficacy of ongoing ERL and better incorporate similar programs in the future if this ever happens again. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19. 6.1