Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delirium and Its Association with Short- and Long-Term Health Outcomes in Medically Admitted Patients: A Prospective Study

Background: Delirium is highly prevalent among elderly hospitalized patients in various healthcare settings. This study aimed to assess the impact of delirium on short- and long-term health outcomes. Methods: A prospective cohort included medically ill patients (≥65 years) admitted to a tertiary healthcare facility. Delirium was screened using the 3-Minute Diagnostic confusion assessment method (3D-CAM). Results: During hospitalization, 53.8% (n = 153/284) had delirium. Patients with delirium had a longer length of hospital stay (LOS) (7 vs. 5 days; p < 0.01) compared to patients without delirium. Delirium caused a higher frequency of high-dependency unit (HDU) or intensive care unit (ICU) admission (p < 0.01) and an increased incidence of hospital-acquired complications, including infections (p = 0.03), pressure injuries (p = 0.01), and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (p < 0.01). Inpatient all-cause mortality was higher in patients with delirium than those without delirium (16.3% vs. 1.5%; p < 0.01). Patients with delirium had higher rates of 90-day all-cause mortality (25.4% vs. 8.4%; p < 0.01) and 1-year all-cause mortality (35.9% vs. 16%; p < 0.01) compared to patients without delirium. Patients with delirium exhibited shorter survival periods at 90 days and 1 year compared to patients without delirium with a hazard ratio (HR) = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.75–6.66, p < 0.01 and HR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.59–4.37, p < 0.01, respectively. Conclusions: Delirium is associated with serious short-term and long-term clinical consequences. Early recognition, prevention, and targeted interventions addressing reversible risk factors are crucial. Further research is warranted to explore effective strategies for delirium management in general medical wards.
Landscape changes in Castro Laboreiro: from farmland abandonment to forest regeneration

13 Introduction . 15 Methods . 19 Study area . 19 Landscape characterization and interpretation . 21 Data analysis . 21 Land cover changes and landscape structure . 21 Patterns in oak regeneration and abandonment of fields . 23 Results . 27 Land cover changes and landscape structure . 27 Patterns in oak regeneration and abandonment of fields . 30 Discussion . 37 Final Remarks . 41 Acknowledgments . 43 References . 45 Appendices . 52
Effect of Oral Nutrition Supplementation (ONS) contains phosphatidylserine, choline, and uridine on cognitive function and quantitative electroencephalography in elderly patients with mild and moderate dementia

Objectives: Cognitive function gradually deteriorating over time is a symptom of dementia. Increased delta and theta slow wave activity is associated with decreased cognitive function. The study aimed to determine the effect of oral nutritional supplementation containing phosphatidylserine, choline, and uridine on improving cognitive function and quantitative electroencephalographic features in older people with mild-moderate dementia. Method: A pre-experimental study with the design of one groups pretest-posttest at Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat Malang's psychogeriatric clinic from January to March 2020. A total research subjects were 19. Oral nutritional supplementation containing phosphatidylserine, choline, and uridine in milk is given for four weeks. Laboratory and cognitive function tests using MMSE and MoCA-Ina scores and QEEG examinations were performed before and after supplementation. Results: The MMSE and MoCA-Ina scores showed improved cognitive function after four weeks of supplementation with p<0.000 and p<0.000, respectively. The QEEG picture before supplementation showed that from 19 subjects, hyperactivity was obtained from the slow wave type, namely Delta waves (0.1-4 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz), namely 63.16% and 89.47% of subjects. After supplementation, there was a decrease in hyperactivity to 31.58% and 47.37% with a significance of 0.006 and 0.003 (p<0.05), so it was concluded that there was a significant difference in the appearance of delta and theta waves on QEEG examination. Conclusion: Oral nutritional supplementation containing phosphatidylserine, choline, and uridine showed improvement in cognitive function, and quantitative electroencephalograph showed a significant difference in changes in delta and theta wave hyperactivity that affected attention improvement in cognitive domains of dementia subjects.
Oxidative balance score inversely associated with the prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome: analysis of two studies of the Korean population

Background Pro-oxidant/antioxidant imbalances leading to chronic inflammation and insulin resistance can contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Oxidative Balance Score (OBS), a comprehensive measure of exposure to pro- and anti-oxidants, represents an individual’s total oxidative balance. This study aimed to evaluate the association between OBS and MetS using two large datasets. Methods We analyzed data from 2,735 adults older than 19 years from the 2021 Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) and 5,807 adults aged 40–69 years from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). In each dataset, OBS was categorized into sex-specific tertiles (T). Results In KNHANES, the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for prevalent MetS in T3, compared to T1, were 0.44 (0.29–0.65) in men and 0.34 (0.23–0.50) in women after adjusting for confounders. In KoGES, the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for incident MetS in T3, compared to T1, were 0.56 (0.48–0.65) in men and 0.63 (0.55–0.73) in women after adjusting for confounders. Conclusion OBS appears to be inversely related to MetS, which suggests that adopting lifestyle behaviors that decrease oxidative stress could be an important preventive strategy for MetS.
Transparent and tunable water-based metamaterial absorber with low infrared emissivity

A transparent and tunable metamaterial absorber with simultaneously low infrared (IR) emissivity is proposed in this Letter. The designed structure consists of an infrared shielding layer (IRSL), a radar absorber layer (RAL), and an air/water dielectric layer with an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) backplane. Both the IRSL and RAL are made of ITO films and polyethylene terephthalate substrates, so the absorber exhibits optical transparency. By changing the thickness of the water layer, the 90% absorption band can be converted from 7.6–12.5 to 12.8–18.2 GHz. The absorber is polarization insensitive and stable at wide incidence angles. The IR emission value of IRSL is 0.24. Both numerical simulations and experimental measurements demonstrated the good performance of the proposed structure, indicating its great potential applications in multi-spectrum compatible stealth.
Sticky thermoelectric materials collaborate with ultra-thin high performance foam for hierarchically designed flexible peltier sheets

To improve the energy efficiency in temperature conditioning of human bodies and to also prepare for extreme heat intensified by climate change, Peltier human coolers have been released based on the commercial Peltier devices. Still, the current Peltier devices are heavy, solid, and limited area size. To slim the thickness and weight and to finally mass-produce thinner Peltier sheets, we have developed sticky thermoelectric materials based on a hierarchical multi-component strategy for complex requirements. To expand the strategy to the middle layer, we replaced the original polymer sheets with ultra-thin high performance foam sheets due to their low thermal conductivity and shock absorption feature. Consequently, the low thermal conductivity enhanced the Peltier temperature difference, and the shock absorption feature suppressed the bottom electrode sheets from delaminating after the bending. This paper suggests promising improvements of the performances and bending durability in the hierarchically designed Peltier sheets using the foam sheets.
Personal protective behaviors in response to COVID-19: a longitudinal application of protection motivation theory

Introduction Disease outbreaks are expected to occur more frequently and spread more rapidly in the age of globalization. Personal protective behaviors strongly affect infection and death rates worldwide. It is therefore of prime importance to better understand which factors predict personal protective behaviors during a pandemic. Protection motivation theory (PMT) proposes that people’s motivation to protect themselves is based on two appraisal processes: threat appraisal and coping appraisal. Building on PMT, this longitudinal study aimed to predict personal protective behaviors in response to COVID-19, including hand hygiene, physical distancing, and mask wearing. Method In the first wave of the study (November, 2020), the two appraisal processes as specified in PMT as well as intentions to perform protective behaviors were assessed in a representative sample of German adults (N = 328). In the second wave of this study, which was conducted one month later, the frequency of protective behaviors was measured. Structural equation modeling was used to test whether threat and coping appraisal predicted intentions and protective behaviors. Results Response rate for the second wave was high (87%). For all three behaviors, self-efficacy predicted intentions and also indirectly behavior (i.e., mediated via intentions). Furthermore, exploratory tests of alternative theoretical models suggested that both self-efficacy and costs have direct effects (i.e., independent from their relationship with intentions) on performed behavior. Conclusion To support individuals to engage in protective behaviors during a pandemic, it is important to reduce barriers to action and to foster individuals’ self-efficacy.
Failing Just Fine: Assessing Careers of Venture Capital-backed Entrepreneurs via a Non-Wage Measure

This paper proposes a non-pecuniary measure of career achievement: seniority. Based on a database of over 130 million resumes, this metric exploits the variation in how long it takes to attain job titles. When non-monetary factors influence career choice, assessing career attainment via non-wage measures, such as seniority, has significant advantages. Accordingly, we use our seniority measure to study labor market outcomes of VC-backed entrepreneurs. Would-be founders experience accelerated career trajectories prior to founding, significantly outperforming graduates from same-tier colleges with similar first jobs. After exiting their start-ups, they obtain jobs about three years more senior than their peers who hold (i) same-tier college degrees, (ii) similar first jobs, and (iii) similar jobs immediately prior to founding their company. Even failed founders find jobs with higher seniority than those attained by their non-founder peers.
EVNCERS: An Integrated Eigenvector Centrality-Variational Nonlinear Chirp Mode Decomposition-Based EEG Rhythm Separation for Automatic Emotion Recognition

Affective computing, which focuses on identifying emotions from physiological data, namely electroencephalography (EEG) is becoming increasingly significant. However, direct analysis of EEG is highly challenging due to its nonlinear and nonstationary character. Various EEG rhythms provide a reliable method for the automatic recognition of emotions. Therefore, an integrated eigenvector centrality-variational nonlinear chirp mode decomposition-based EEG rhythm separation (EVNCERS) is developed. For selecting the dominant channels, the eigenvector centrality method (EVCM) is used followed by variational nonlinear chirp mode decomposition (VNCMD) to retrieve the instantaneous frequency (IF) and instantaneous amplitude (IA) from EEG signals. The equivalent IA and IF are used to create the delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma rhythms. The rhythms are analyzed over several entropy-based features, chosen using statistical analysis [mean and standard deviation (STD)], then categorized using various machine-learning methods. The proposed EVNCERS has achieved the highest performance of accuracy and F1-score for arousal: (96.86%, 97.98%), valence: (96.87%, 97.82%), and dominance: (96.81%, 97.71%) using random rotation forest classifier. The performance revealed that the delta rhythm offered more insight into automatic emotion recognition. The DREAMER dataset results demonstrate that our model has the highest predictive ability, with area-under-the-curve (AUC) values of 0.98 for arousal and dominance and 0.99 for the valence category. The SEED dataset also shows a similar trend, with the delta rhythm achieving the highest accuracy of 87.25% and F1-score of 74.54%. The proposed EVNCERS model can help in real-time situations to automatically recognize affective emotions, which would give us a greater range of emotional states.
Prédiction et optimisation des techniques pour l’observation à haute résolution angulaire et pour la future génération de très grands télescopes

Avec l’avenement de la prochaine generation de telescope de plus de 30m de diametre, il devient primordial de reduire le cout des observations et d’ameliorer leur rendement scientifique. De plus il est essentiel de construire ces instruments sur des sites disposant d’une qualite optique maximale. J’ai donc essaye, au cours de ma these, de developper un outil fiable, facile d’utilisation et economique permettant de satisfaire ces exigences. J’ai donc utilise le modele de prevision meteorologique Weather Research and Forecasting et le modele de calcul de la turbulence optique Trinquet-Vernin pour predire, plusieurs heures a l’avance, les conditions optiques du ciel tout au long de la nuit. Cette information permettrait d’ameliorer la gestion du programme d’observation, appelee "flexible scheduling", et ainsi de reduire les pertes dues a la variation des conditions atmospheriques. Les resultats obtenus et les ameliorations apportees au modele WRF-TV lui permettent de presenter un bon accord entre les mesures et les previsions ce qui est prometteur pour une utilisation reelle. Au dela de cette gestion, nous avons voulu creer un moyen d’ameliorer la recherche et le test de sites astronomiquement interessants. Nous avons donc definit un parametre de qualite qui prend en compte les conditions meteorologiques et optiques. Ce parametre a ete teste au-dessus de l’ile de La Palma aux Canaries et a montre que l’Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos est situe au meilleur emplacement de l’ile. Enfin nous avons cree une routine d’automatisation du modele WRF-TV afin d’avoir un outil operationnel fonctionnant de maniere autonome.
N-Acetyl-L-glutamate Kinase of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: In Vivo Regulation by PII Protein and Beyond

N-Acetyl-L-glutamate kinase (NAGK) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the ornithine/arginine biosynthesis pathway in eukaryotic and bacterial oxygenic phototrophs. NAGK is the most highly conserved target of the PII signal transduction protein in Cyanobacteria and Archaeplastida (red algae and Chlorophyta). However, there is still much to be learned about how NAGK is regulated in vivo. The use of unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model system has already been instrumental in identifying several key regulation mechanisms that control nitrogen (N) metabolism. With a combination of molecular-genetic and biochemical approaches, we show the existence of the complex CrNAGK control at the transcriptional level, which is dependent on N source and N availability. In growing cells, CrNAGK requires CrPII to properly sense the feedback inhibitor arginine. Moreover, we provide primary evidence that CrPII is only partly responsible for regulating CrNAGK activity to adapt to changing nutritional conditions. Collectively, our results suggest that in vivo CrNAGK is tuned at the transcriptional and post-translational levels, and CrPII and additional as yet unknown factor(s) are integral parts of this regulation.
Multi-Scale X-ray Imaging of the Pigment Discoloration Processes Triggered by Chlorine Compounds in the Upper Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi

In this paper, the chromatic alteration of various types of paints, present on mural painting fragments derived from the vaults of The Upper Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi in Italy (12th–13th century), is studied using synchrotron radiation. Six painted mural fragments, several square centimeters in size, were available for analysis, originating from the ceiling paintings attributed to Cimabue and Giotto; they correspond to originally white, blue/green, and brown/yellow/orange areas showing discoloration. As well as collecting macroscopic X-ray fluorescence and diffraction maps from the entire fragments in the laboratory and at the SOLEIL synchrotron, corresponding paint cross-sections were also analyzed using microscopic X-ray fluorescence and powder diffraction mapping at the PETRA-III synchrotron. Numerous secondary products were observed on the painted surfaces, such as (a) copper tri-hydroxychloride in green/blue areas; (b) corderoite and calomel in vermillion red/cinnabar-rich paints; (c) plattnerite and/or scrutinyite assumed to be oxidation products of (hydro)cerussite (2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2) in the white areas, and (d) the calcium oxalates whewellite and weddellite. An extensive presence of chlorinated metal salts points to the central role of chlorine-containing compounds during the degradation of the 800-year-old paint, leading to, among other things, the formation of the rare mineral cumengeite (21PbCl2·20Cu(OH)2·6H2O).
THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON PURCHASE DECISIONS THROUGH CONSUMER BUYING INTEREST AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE CASE STUDY OF COFFEE SHOP KOPIKUNI MEDAN

The culture of drinking coffee is not just thirst-quenching but can be a companion to daily activities such as gathering with friends, running a business, attending reunions, and so on. As a result, the culture of drinking coffee has become an integral part of our lifestyle, yet we continue to ignore the fact that it has caused the popularity of coffee consumption to skyrocket. This type of research uses a quantitative approach. This research was conducted at Kopikuni Medan. The sample of this research is 22 X 5 110 respondents. Test the validity and suitability of the model Loading Factor, Average Variance Extracted (AVE), and Composite Reliability. Data analysis techniques used the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method to test the hypotheses in this study. Purchase intention has a positive and significant effect on purchase decision Social media marketing has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention Social media marketing has a positive and significant effect on purchase decision Social media marketing has an effect on purchase decision through purchase intention. This study concludes that the variable of social media marketing that is the most significant in purchasing decisions are context and communication. Therefore, Kopikuni is advised to optimize the context and communication aspects of social media marketing by paying attention to the delivery of messages, message designs, and content posted via Kopikuni social media. Thus, Kopikuni can be remembered more by customers.
MIL-CT: Multiple Instance Learning via a Cross-Scale Transformer for Enhanced Arterial Light Reflex Detection

One of the early manifestations of systemic atherosclerosis, which leads to blood circulation issues, is the enhanced arterial light reflex (EALR). Fundus images are commonly used for regular screening purposes to intervene and assess the severity of systemic atherosclerosis in a timely manner. However, there is a lack of automated methods that can meet the demands of large-scale population screening. Therefore, this study introduces a novel cross-scale transformer-based multi-instance learning method, named MIL-CT, for the detection of early arterial lesions (e.g., EALR) in fundus images. MIL-CT utilizes the cross-scale vision transformer to extract retinal features in a multi-granularity perceptual domain. It incorporates a multi-head cross-scale attention fusion module to enhance global perceptual capability and feature representation. By integrating information from different scales and minimizing information loss, the method significantly improves the performance of the EALR detection task. Furthermore, a multi-instance learning module is implemented to enable the model to better comprehend local details and features in fundus images, facilitating the classification of patch tokens related to retinal lesions. To effectively learn the features associated with retinal lesions, we utilize weights pre-trained on a large fundus image Kaggle dataset. Our validation and comparison experiments conducted on our collected EALR dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the MIL-CT method in reducing generalization errors while maintaining efficient attention to retinal vascular details. Moreover, the method surpasses existing models in EALR detection, achieving an accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score of 97.62%, 97.63%, 97.05%, 96.48%, and 97.62%, respectively. These results exhibit the significant enhancement in diagnostic accuracy of fundus images brought about by the MIL-CT method. Thus, it holds potential for various applications, particularly in the early screening of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.
Rabies in Morocco: Epidemiological Aspects and Post-exposure Prophylaxis Management

Background Rabies is a zoonosis transmitted accidentally to humans and is fatal once clinical signs appear. In Morocco, rabies remains a difficult disease to eradicate, with dogs being the main source of contamination. Transmission of this illness can be avoided by promptly implementing post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) following animal exposure. Inappropriate or delayed PEP increases the risk of acute infection. This study aims to describe and analyze the characteristics of exposure, investigate the factors related to delay in initiating PEP, and evaluate the attitudes and practices of patients towards animal exposure in the region of Ouarzazate between 2016 and 2019. Methods This was a retrospective study with statistical analysis. The data on animal exposure was collected from the Anti-Rabies Center (ARC) located in Ouarzazate Province, Morocco. Results A predominance of male cases (61.3%) among victims of animal exposure was found. The age group of five to 14 years was the most affected (23.5%). The upper limb represented the most frequent site of exposure (49.4%). Around 52.1% of patients presented with multiple lesions. About 54.4% of cases were bitten by a stray animal. Dogs were responsible for 47.8% of the bites. All exposed individuals performed wound cleansing prior to arrival at the ARC. Post-exposure prophylaxis was initiated in 34.5% of cases between 24 to 48 hours, while 26.1% of cases delayed it beyond 48 hours. Around 34% of patients did not complete their vaccination schedule. Regarding the factors associated with the delay in PEP, we found significant associations with patient age, place of residence (urban or rural), distance from the ARC (>30 km or <30 km), nature, number, and injury status (p≤0.05). Significant associations (p≤0.05) were also found with dog bites and their type (domestic or stray). Conclusion Our findings indicate that better awareness about rabies and PEP management is needed, especially among the rural population.