Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
User centered design of a citizen science air-quality monitoring project

ABSTRACT Technological developments, social networking and the emergence of sensory micro-computation platforms have facilitated the recent growth of citizen science-public participation in scientific research. Citizen science provides lay audiences platforms for data collection and classification alongside access to large scientific databases. Although these platforms are intended for non-experts, they are often designed by scientists, who may not fully appreciate their importance. This may result in platforms that are incompatible with users’ needs and thus underused . This article describes the use of Human Computer Interactions (HCI) in a citizen science project for monitoring air-quality in the local environment. Using interviews, focus groups, questionnaires and log data from the project website (n = 138), in a three-phase iterative process, we identified public requirments from an online data presentation platform. The findings suggest participants were interested in real time, local, easy to understand information, which is practical, ready-to-use and presented in the context. These insights were implemented in the design of a new platform, constructed as a simple three-layer information display with representations of air-quality standards and practical recommendations. We examine participants’ use of the platform and discuss motivations and impediments to participation in the future design of citizen science projects for enhancing public engagement in science.
Infliximab, a Monoclonal Antibody against TNF-α, Inhibits NF-κB Activation, Autotaxin Expression and Breast Cancer Metastasis to Lungs

Simple Summary Breast cancer is a heterogeneous pathological condition involving multiple cytokines and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Blocking TNF-α signaling with Infliximab, a monoclonal antibody, decreased breast cancer metastasis to lungs in mice by ~60%. Decreasing TNF-α signaling in this aggressive 4T1 breast cancer model decreased NF-κB activation and the expression of inflammation-related genes that regulate metastasis. Attenuating TNF-α signaling decreased the activation of the autotaxin–lysophosphatidate–inflammatory cycle, which provides a strategy for decreasing breast cancer metastasis. Abstract An inflammatory milieu in the tumor microenvironment leads to immune evasion, resistance to cell death, metastasis and poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. TNF-α is a proinflammatory cytokine that regulates multiple aspects of tumor biology from initiation to progression. TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation initiates inflammatory pathways, which determine cell survival, death and tumor progression. One candidate pathway involves the increased secretion of autotaxin, which produces lysophosphatidate that signals through six G-protein-coupled receptors. Significantly, autotaxin is one of the 40–50 most upregulated genes in metastatic tumors. In this study, we investigated the effects of TNF-α by blocking its action with a monoclonal antibody, Infliximab, and studied the effects on autotaxin secretion and tumor progression. Infliximab had little effect on tumor growth, but it decreased lung metastasis by 60% in a syngeneic BALB/c mouse model using 4T1 breast cancer cells. Infliximab-treated mice also showed a decrease in proliferation and metastatic markers like Ki-67 and vimentin in tumors. This was accompanied by decreases in NF-κB activation, autotaxin expression and the concentrations of plasma and tumor cytokines/chemokines which are involved in metastasis. We also demonstrated a positive correlation of TNF-α -NF-κB and ATX expression in breast cancer patients using cancer databases. Studies in vitro showed that TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation increases autotaxin expression and the clone forming ability of 4T1 breast cancer cells. This report highlights the potential role of Infliximab as an additional approach to attenuate signaling through the autotaxin–lysophosphatidate–inflammatory cycle and decrease mortality from metastatic cancer.
Spatial-temporal framework of the Gangdese Orogenic Belt and its evolution.

The tectonic nature and subdivision of Gangdese Orogenic Belt is always one of the hottest scientific problems related to fundamental geology of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.The tectonic framework,subdivision and the Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic evolutional history of Gangdese Orogenic Belt have been studied based on regional geological survey(1:250000)and our data.Our study shows that the geological context of Gangdese can be well revealed by six major tectonic units and eighteen secondary units.Based on the analysis for spatial-temporal framework of different tectonic units and related magmatic records,we suggest that the Gangdese Orogenic Belt is not a simply block or continental segment,or terrane,but likely a complex orogenic belt experienced six arc-forming accretionary to a principal axis named Long'ge'er-Nyainqentanglha at Carboniferous-Permian,Early-Middle Triassic,Late Triassic, Early-Middle Jurassic,Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous-Eocene,as well as related arc-continent,continent- continent collision,and ultimately finalized its profile at the late Cenozoic.It is therefore evident that the evolutional history of Gangdese Orogenic Belt may have influenced from both the southward subduction of Bangong Co-Nujiang Tethyan Ocean crust and northward subduction of Yarlung Zangbo neo-Tethyan Ocean crust.It is emphasized that volcanic-magmatic arc formed at accretionary arc has the best potential for porphyry copper deposit in Gangdese,as revealed by Anglonggangri volcanic-magmatic arc,Dongqia Co accretionary arc and Sangri volcanic-magmatic arc,etc.
New developments in electrical resistivity imaging with applications to geological CO₂ storage

In the context of climate change, the geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) is considered as a transitional technology to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Safe and reliable geological storage requires a thorough understanding of the storage reservoir and its induced spatiotemporal changes. Geoelectrical monitoring techniques are highly sensitive to compositional changes of the pore fluid and offer opportunities for spatiotemporal imaging of fluid displacement processes. Although well established in near-surface geophysics, the application of geoelectrical techniques to CO2 storage monitoring is relatively new and entails specific practical and methodological challenges. This thesis investigates the optimal locations of electrodes along the borehole trajectories, borehole related imaging artifacts, and the integration with data sets from other monitoring techniques by means of a process-based hydrogeophysical modeling and inversion framework with an application to the pilot site for CO2 storage at Ketzin, Germany. Based on a developed optimization algorithm, it is demonstrated that a sparse, but well conceived set of electrodes can provide a large part of the information content offered by comparably dense electrode distributions. Optimized layouts exhibit a refinement of the electrode spacing within the target horizon and are symmetric for layered and homogeneous models. Effects of complex borehole completions are identified and minimized by means of an explicit discretization of the different completion types within the finite-element model. Of particular relevance are open parts of the well completion, since these can exhibit varying electrical properties due to the prevalence of either resistive CO2 or conductive brine during the storage operation. Influences of borehole deviations are analyzed and the possibility to infer borehole deviations solely based on geoelectrical data sets is investigated. Finally, a new hydrogeophysical modeling and inversion framework is presented that allows to integrate geoelectrical data with observed CO2 arrival times and gas pressure measurements for an estimation of the spatial permeability distribution. The integration of multi-physical data sets enables a better parameterization of the numerical reservoir simulations and thereby contributes significantly to an improvement of predictive simulation capabilities and understanding of the underlying processes. Although primarily developed to increase the reliability and efficiency of geoelectrical monitoring for geological storage reservoirs, the developed approaches are transferable to other applications in the field of electrical resistivity imaging.
Synthesis and Use of Cellulose/SBA-15 Adsorbent Sheet for Cleaning Polychrome Surfaces on Works of Art

Paraloid B72™ acrylic varnish has been used in the conservation of cultural properties since 1950’s. With a Tg close to 40 oC, some substances can be adsorbed onto varnished surfaces. There are several methods for cleaning works of art, each with its own specificities. This article presents a new alternative method. The cellulose/SBA-15 adsorbent sheets act as containers for the cleaning material, allowing it to act on the surface of the pictorial layer, dissolving and adsorbing unwanted material from the painting, without causing problems such as penetration, paint abrasion, residues, etc. They were tested on original paintings and on a mimetic. The raw materials, artwork, mimetic, and adsorbent sheets, before and after application, were characterized by TG/DTG and DTA; FTIR; XRF; surface digital microscopy and stereoscopy. FTIR characterized the raw materials and adsorbent sheets. The thermal behavior of the raw materials and adsorbent sheets, before and after application, were evaluated by TG/DTG and DTA. The evaluation of the works, the mimetic and the adsorption sheets, before and after application, by XRF showed that there was no damage to the originals and the mimetic. The cellulose sheet/SBA-15 as an adsorbent for B72™ in cleaning works of art, using solvent, proved to be effective
Field Screening of Diverse Soybean Cultivars for Flood Tolerance

Flooding can significantly reduce soybean growth, development, and yield. Therefore, screening and identification of flood-tolerant soybeans will enhance development of cultivars that are well suited for flood-prone areas. Sets of screening tests were conducted in Stuttgart, Arkansas using three separate but related experiments, with the purpose of establishing effective flood tolerance screening protocol that can identify tolerant and sensitive cultivars. Each experiment was completely randomized with three replications. The first experiment involved screening of 256 maturity group (IV and V) cultivars. Flooding was imposed at the fifth-node (V5) or first-bloom (R1) stage for ten days. Post-flood visual ratings and stand counts were done three times every 3-5 days interval. Flood responses differed significantly among cultivars, within MG, and between growth stages (GS). Soybeans were more sensitive to flooding at V5 than R1. Maturity group had no main effect on flood damage; however, the severity of flood damage at a particular GS was dependent on the MG. In the second experiment, 30 cultivars were subjected to 5, 10, and 15-day floods at R1 and post-flood visual ratings and stand counts done on the 1 st , 3 rd , and 6 th day. In the final experiment, 40 cultivars were subjected to 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15-day floods at V5 and R1 followed by flood damage ratings on the 2 nd , 4 th , 6 th , and 8 th day. Flood duration, scoring time, and GS had a significant effect on genotypic response to flooding. Damage caused by flood increased linearly with flood duration and scoring time after flood removal. Plants were more sensitive to flooding at R1 than V5. Significant reduction of chlorophyll content was observed in plants subjected to longer flooding durations. Significant correlation between visual scores and percent dead plants can support decisions in identifying flood-tolerant cultivars. Cultivars with extreme responses to flood stress were identified and will have utility in future genetic studies for tolerance mechanisms and breeding for flood-tolerant cultivars. Five effective and relatively inexpensive screening methodologies for flood tolerance in the field at the V5 and R1 were established. However, the established methodologies need to be assessed under different soil types and environmental conditions.
Modelling Maize Yield Vulnerability to Climate Variability

The effect of climate variability on maize yield has been the subject of numerous studies globally, but very few of these studies have focused on the local scale in Africa. As a result, the focus of this work is on creating a vulnerability index that combines sensitivity, exposure, and adaptive capacity to assess the degree of vulnerability of Maize yield to climate variability in the south-south region of Nigeria in West Africa. The ratio between the actual maize yield and the projected yield was used to calculate yield sensitivity. Adaptive capacity examines some of the socioeconomic and demographic factors in the study area. A fuzzy function was employed to derive the aggregation of the determinants of Adaptive Capacity (adult literacy, poverty prevalence, accessibility to the settlements of people, and dependency ratio). Exposure was expressed as the average of the long-term and short-term climatic factors (Rainfall and Temperature). Yield sensitivity ranges between 0.471 to 0.698 with moderate to high sensitivity observed in almost the entire growing region. Exposure values indicate a very high level of climate variability with the North of Edo to the Southeastern and Southwestern parts of the State being more exposed. Adaptive capacity is highly variable ranging from 0.174 to 1. The vulnerability index ranges from 0.393 to 0.698. The result indicates a very high to extremely high vulnerability on maize yield across the majority of growing regions in the south-south, which is an indication of a probable yield drop due to changing climate. This model provides a structure for decision-making and planning on climate variability mitigation needs assessment.
Rapid evaluation method of subgrade performance using Portable Falling Weight Deflectometer

: The performance evaluation of new and old subgrades is critical for the quality and safety of reconstruction and extension projects. It is necessary to achieve rapid and easy performance testing. In this study, a Portable Falling Weight Deﬂectometer (PFWD) is chosen to rapid evaluate the performance of subgrade. First, a testing area, the reconstruction and expansion project of the Hefei to Dagudian section of the Shanghai-Shaanxi Expressway, is selected. Then, the PFWD modulus 𝐸 𝑝 of resilient tested by PFWD and the corresponding water content 𝑤 and compacting degree 𝐾 tested by the cutting ring method for old subgrade are obtained. And the correlation relationship between 𝐸 𝑝 and 𝑤 and 𝐾 is established. The performance of old subgrade can be rapid obtained by PFWD. Meanwhile, for the new subgrade, the correlation relationship between 𝐸 𝑝 and bending value 𝐿 , 𝑤 and 𝐾 is established, and the performance can also be rapid tested by PFWD. Finally, a rapid evaluation method for the reconstruction and expansion of subgrade performance was proposed, which aims to provide technical support for ensuring construction quality and safety and provides a technical reference and a theoretical basis for the prediction of similar subgrade performance
The Impact of Impulsive Traffic on Cellular Internet of Things Network Performance Indicators

The use of wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things has increased dramatically in the last decade. The sensors measure the required parameters and send them to the data processing centers using one of the various wireless transmission technologies (often using cellular infrastructure) to make the appropriate decision. Files containing measurement information can arrive in bursts simultaneously, which is a critical issue to be aware of. The purpose of this work is to develop and analyze a model to evaluate the effectiveness of an LTE (Long-Term Evolution) cell in serving requests from NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of things) devices when these requests are received in bursts rather than individually. In the article, the common uses of the Internet of Things in our modern era were discussed, the NB-IoT technology was paid attention to, and a mathematical model to evaluate the performance of an LTE cell in the case of impulsive arrivals of NB-IoT requests was built. Finally, the computational algorithm and numerical evaluation were introduced.
Treatment of Refractory Cardiac Arrest by Controlled Reperfusion of the Whole Body: A Multicenter, Prospective Observational Study

Background: Survival following cardiac arrest (CA) remains poor after conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) (6–26%), and the outcomes after extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) are often inconsistent. Poor survival is a consequence of CA, low-flow states during CCPR, multi-organ injury, insufficient monitoring, and delayed treatment of the causative condition. We developed a new strategy to address these issues. Methods: This all-comers, multicenter, prospective observational study (69 patients with in- and out-of-hospital CA (IHCA and OHCA) after prolonged refractory CCPR) focused on extracorporeal cardiopulmonary support, comprehensive monitoring, multi-organ repair, and the potential for out-of-hospital cannulation and treatment. Result: The overall survival rate at hospital discharge was 42.0%, and a favorable neurological outcome (CPC 1+2) at 90 days was achieved for 79.3% of survivors (CPC 1+2 survival 33%). IHCA survival was very favorable (51.7%), as was CPC 1+2 survival at 90 days (41%). Survival of OHCA patients was 35% and CPC 1+2 survival at 90 days was 28%. The subgroup of OHCA patients with pre-hospital cannulation showed a superior survival rate of 57.1%. Conclusions: This new strategy focusing on repairing damage to multiple organs appears to improve outcomes after CA, and these findings should provide a sound basis for further research in this area.
Effect of trace metal‐limited growth on the postmortem dissolution of the marine diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia delicatissima

We investigated the effects of iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) limitations on biogenic silica (bSiO2) dissolution kinetics of the marine diatom Pseudo‐nitzschia delicatissima during a 3 week batch dissolution experiment. The dissolution of this species was faster during the first week than thereafter. Modeling results from four dissolution models and scanning electron microcopy images suggested the successive dissolution of two phases of bSiO2, with two different dissolution constants. Micronutrient limitation during growth affected the respective proportion of the two phases and their dissolution constants. After 3 weeks of dissolution, frustules from micronutrient‐limited diatoms were better preserved than those of replete cells. Our results also confirm that micronutrient‐limited cells may export more Si relative to N than replete cells and may increase the silicate pump: This may not only be due to a higher degree of silicification of the live cells but also to a decoupling between the recycling of Si and N during dissolution. We suggest that a mechanistic understanding of the evolution of the dissolution constant during dissolution is needed. This would improve the parameterization of dissolution in ecosystem models, and ultimately their predictions on the amount of bSiO2 that dissolves in the photic zone, and the amount of bSiO2 that is exported to the seafloor.
Clinical Characteristics, Metabolic Parameters, and Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts Vary with Untreated Major Depressive Disorder Duration

Suicidal attempts (SAs) are common in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, only few studies have so far assessed how risk factors for SAs in patients with MDD might be related to the duration of untreated illness (DUI). We interviewed 1,718 drug-naive outpatients with MDD with first-episode SAs and divided them into groups that had and had not attempted suicide. DUI was used as an additional grouping criterion. The patients (20.14%; 346/1718) who had a history of SAs were older and had a longer DUI; lower educational level (middle school-educated only); more psychotic symptoms; higher scores on depression and anxiety scales; and higher BP, plasma BG, TC, and LDL-C levels, but lower HDL-C concentrations. Anxiety symptoms, high education level, and being unmarried were risk factors for SA in patients with MDD with DUIs of <3 months; anxiety symptoms, low BMI, high plasma TC, and low plasma HDL-C were risk factors for SA in the group with DUIs between 3 and 8 months; age, anxiety symptoms, and higher systolic blood pressure were risk factors for those with DUIs>8 months. This study was a single-center cross-sectional survey, and its limitations include a lack of outside validation. Patients with MDD with and without a SA history have different clinical characteristics and metabolic parameters, and risk factors for suicide vary across DUI stages. Anxiety was a general risk factor, suggesting that clinicians should strengthen their assessment of SA risk in patients with MDD during diagnosis and treatment.
Genetic and genomic evaluation of age at first calving in Italian Holsteins.

Age at first calving (AFC) represents the non-productive period of around 2 yr in Holstein cows and thus it has a relevant impact on the cost of rearing replacements in the dairy herd. In the present study we aimed at evaluating genetic and genomic aspects of AFC in the Italian Holstein population. Data of 4,206,218 heifers with first calving between 1996 and 2020 were used. Age at first calving averaged 26.09 ± 3.07 mo and decreased across years. Heritability was estimated using a linear animal model which included the fixed effects of herd-year-season of birth and classes of gestation length, and the random animal additive genetic effect fitted to a pedigree-based relationship matrix. Estimated breeding values (EBV) and genomically enhanced breeding values (GEBV) were obtained, and they were standardized to mean 100 and standard deviation 5, where animals above the mean are those contributing to reduce AFC. Heritability estimates of AFC ranged from 0.031 to 0.045. The trend of sires' GEBV was favorable and indicated a reduced AFC across years. Approximate genetic correlations between GEBV of AFC and GEBV of other economically important traits were calculated on a subset of genotyped females born after 2015. Moderate favorable associations of AFC with production traits (0.39 to 0.51), udder depth (0.40), interval from first to last insemination in heifer (-0.43), and longevity (0.34) were assessed. Overall, the greatest lifetime productive performances and most favorable days open in first lactation were observed when heifers calved at 22-23 mo. On the other hand, progeny of sires with GEBV of AFC above the mean yielded more milk, fat, and protein in first lactation, and had shorter days open than progeny of sires with GEBV of AFC below the mean. Results suggested that breeding strategies to improve AFC should be pursued, also considering genetic correlations between AFC and traits which are already part of the Italian Holstein breeding objective. The inclusion of AFC in an aggregate index is expected to contribute to enhance farm income.