Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of visual performance with iTrace analyzer following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of two different trifocal intraocular lenses.

AIM To compare the postoperative binocular visual performance with an iTrace analyzer following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) combined with bilateral implantation of two different types of diffractive trifocal intraocular lenses (IOL). METHODS During this retrospective observational study, patients who received bilateral FLACS combined with implantation of two different types of diffractive trifocal IOLs were evaluated. According to the IOLs' different types and design, the patients were divided into AT LISA tri839MP group (tri839 group) and AcrySof PanOptix TFNT00 group (TFNT group). Study parameters included preoperative and postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) at 5 m, uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) at 30 cm and 40 cm, uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA) at 60 cm and 80 cm, postoperative refractive status, objective visual qualities and total high order aberrations (HOAs) postoperatively. The postoperative complications were also recorded. RESULTS Totally 56 eyes of 28 patients (tri839 group, n=26; TFNT group, n=30) were included. Preoperative baseline characteristics between groups were not statistically significantly different. UDVA was not significantly different between groups except for 1wk follow-up due to the postoperative corneal edema. TFNT group showed statistically significant better UNIA at 60 cm than tri839 group at the 1wk (0.05±0.19 vs 0.15±0.10 logMAR, P=0.013), 1mo (0.05±0.12 vs 0.15±0.09 logMAR, P=0.001) and 3mo (0.04±0.12 vs 0.15±0.11 logMAR, P=0.001) follow-up, while tri839 group showed statistically significant better UNIA at 80 cm than TFNT group at the 1d (0.14±0.15 vs 0.20±0.14 logMAR, P=0.041) and 1mo (0.09±0.07 vs 0.14±0.10 logMAR, P=0.042) follow-up. Postoperative refractive status showed stable at every visit. Modulated transfer function (MTF) values and strehl ratio (SR) values were improved and HOAs were lower significantly after surgery. CONCLUSION FLACS with bilateral implantations of both tri839 and TFNT00 can achieve satisfactory natural whole-course vision, high postoperative refractive stability and good visual quality but without significantly difference. iTrace aberration instrument can accurately evaluate the visual quality under different status.
Biosynthesis of Artemisia abyssinica Leaf Extract-Mediated Bimetallic ZnO–CuO Nanoparticles: Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Molecular Docking Studies

Currently, plant extract-mediated synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles (MO NPs) have played a substantial role in biological applications. Hence, this study focused on the eco-benign one-pot synthesis of bimetallic ZnO–CuO nanoparticles (ZC NPs) using the leaf extract of Artemisia abyssinica (LEAA) and evaluations of their anticancer, antioxidant, and molecular binding efficacy. The optical absorption peak at 380 nm from UV–visible (UV–vis) analysis revealed the formation of ZC NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed the fabrication of mixed-phase crystals with hexagonal and monoclinic structures of ZC NPs with an average crystallite size of 14 nm. Moreover, the biosynthesis of ZC NPs with a spherical morphology and an average particle size of 13.09 nm was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA) spectroscopy confirmed the involvement of functional groups from LEAA during the synthesis of ZC NPs. ZC NPs have exhibited the ferric ion reducing power (FRAP) with an absorbance of 1.826 ± 0.00 at 200 μg/mL and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical scavenging activity of 95.71 ± 0.02% at 200 μg/mL with an IC50 value of 3.28 μg/mL. Moreover, ZC NPs had shown a promising in vitro anticancer activity of 89.20 ± 0.038 at 500 μg/mL with an IC50 value of 33.12 μg/mL against breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Likewise, ZC NPs have shown strong binding affinity (−8.50 kcal/mol) against estrogen receptor α (ERα) in molecular docking simulations. These findings suggested that the biosynthesized ZC NPs could be used as promising antioxidant and anticancer drug candidates, particularly for breast cancer ailments. However, the in vivo cytotoxicity test will be recommended to ensure further use of ZC NPs.
Molnupiravir Revisited—Critical Assessment of Studies in Animal Models of COVID-19

Molnupiravir, a prodrug known for its broad antiviral activity, has demonstrated efficacy in animal models of COVID-19, prompting clinical trials, in which initial results indicated a significant effect against the disease. However, subsequent clinical studies did not confirm these findings, leading to the refusal of molnupiravir for permanent market authorization in many countries. This report critically assessed 22 studies published in 18 reports that investigated the efficacy of molnupiravir in animal models of COVID-19, with the purpose of determining how well the design of these models informed human studies. We found that the administered doses of molnupiravir in most studies involving animal COVID-19 models were disproportionately higher than the dose recommended for human use. Specifically, when adjusted for body surface area, over half of the doses of molnupiravir used in the animal studies exceeded twice the human dose. Direct comparison of reported drug exposure across species after oral administration of molnupiravir indicated that the antiviral efficacy of the dose recommended for human use was underestimated in some animal models and overestimated in others. Frequently, molnupiravir was given prophylactically or shortly after SARS-CoV-2 inoculation in these models, in contrast to clinical trials where such timing is not consistently achieved. Furthermore, the recommended five-day treatment duration for humans was exceeded in several animal studies. Collectively, we suggest that design elements in the animal studies under examination contributed to a preference favoring molnupiravir, and thus inflated expectations for its efficacy against COVID-19. Addressing these elements may offer strategies to enhance the clinical efficacy of molnupiravir for the treatment of COVID-19. Such strategies include dose increment, early treatment initiation, administration by inhalation, and use of the drug in antiviral combination therapy.
Observations on hunting and breeding behaviour of the Black Falcon ('Falco subniger')

Observations on the Black Falcon (Falco subniger) are presented that add to previous, incomplete studies of the falcon's breeding biology and behaviour vocalisations, prey and hunting methods. Observations are mostly from two Black Falcon pairs that were monitored at separate locations (Gundagai and Tamworth) in the New South Wales sheep wheat belt. At the nest of the pair at Gundagai (which later failed at the downy chick stage), the male brought food to the incubating female, but was not seen to share incubation; a Brown Falcon (Falco berigora) later briefly occupied the failed, vacated nest, but did not subsequently use it. The pair of Black Falcons at Tamworth was often observed to hunt feral Rock Doves (Columba livia), sometimes co- operatively. The pair apparently did not breed, and appeared to experience competition for potential nest sites from other raptors and corvids. A fresh juvenile specimen, found road-killed near the suspected nest area of second pair at Tamworth, is described. Observations on interactions with other raptors are also presented, along with brief notes on Black Falcon hunting and roosting in Queensland.
Hyperkalemia Detection in Emergency Departments Using Initial ECGs: A Smartphone AI ECG Analyzer vs. Board-Certified Physicians

Background Hyperkalemia is a potentially fatal condition that mandates rapid identification in emergency departments (EDs). Although a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) can indicate hyperkalemia, subtle changes in the ECG often pose detection challenges. An artificial intelligence application that accurately assesses hyperkalemia risk from ECGs could revolutionize patient screening and treatment. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and reliability of a smartphone application, which utilizes camera-captured ECG images, in quantifying hyperkalemia risk compared to human experts. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of ED hyperkalemic patients (serum potassium ≥ 6 mmol/L) and their age- and sex-matched non-hyperkalemic controls. The application was tested by five users and its performance was compared to five board-certified emergency physicians (EPs). Results Our study included 125 patients. The area under the curve (AUC)-receiver operating characteristic of the application’s output was nearly identical among the users, ranging from 0.898 to 0.904 (median: 0.902), indicating almost perfect interrater agreement (Fleiss’ kappa 0.948). The application demonstrated high sensitivity (0.797), specificity (0.934), negative predictive value (NPV) (0.815), and positive predictive value (PPV) (0.927). In contrast, the EPs showed moderate interrater agreement (Fleiss’ kappa 0.551), and their consensus score had a significantly lower AUC of 0.662. The physicians’ consensus demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.203, specificity of 0.934, NPV of 0.527, and PPV of 0.765. Notably, this performance difference remained significant regardless of patients’ sex and age (P < 0.001 for both). Conclusion Our findings suggest that a smartphone application can accurately and reliably quantify hyperkalemia risk using initial ECGs in the ED.
Sedimentation in the World Ocean: With Emphasis On the Nature, Distribution and Behavior of Marine Suspensions

The World Oceans covers the greater part of the earth’s surface and is 2.5 times as large as the area of land. Nearly 84 percent of the southern hemisphere is blanketed by the oceanic waters. The continents can be thought of as huge islands in the ocean. Therefore, the oceanic processes of matter and energy transformation are of global significance. Originally presented as a series of lectures by Alexander P. Lisitzin.
Effectiveness of the Rumoh Gizi Gampong (RGG) program to increase coverage of specific and sensitive indicators for accelerating stunting reduction in Aceh

Aceh is the province with the fifth-highest prevalence of stunting in Indonesia by 2022, which could be due to the low coverage of specific and sensitive intervention programs. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the Rumoh Gizi Gampong (RGG) program in increasing the coverage of specific and sensitive indicators for reducing stunting in Aceh. A cross-sectional design was carried out in Aceh Province from February to September 2023. The input, process, and output variables for RGG implementation were collected using interview methods with 21 RGG program managers and 23 people in charge of district nutrition programs. Specific and sensitive indicator achievements were collected using secondary data from district reports for the years 2020 and 2021. Data analysis was performed using a Dependent T-test at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that there was an increase in the average percentage coverage of specific and sensitive indicators after the RGG program was implemented, and only the immunization coverage indicator was implemented using the yard. The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant increase in the percentage of coverage of the health insurance service coverage indicator (p= 0,006). In conclusion, the Rumoh Gizi Gampong program can increase the coverage of indicators to accelerate stunting reduction, so that villages can make RGG an alternative intervention to accelerate stunting reduction.
MM5 Modeling of the Madden–Julian Oscillation in the Indian and West Pacific Oceans: Implications of 30–70-Day Boundary Effects on MJO Development

Abstract The results of an experiment designed to isolate the initiation phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) from 30–70-day boundary effects is presented. The technique used to accomplish this involves employing the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU–NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5), as first presented in the companion paper to this paper. Two runs, each 2 yr long, are integrated forward from 1 June 1990. The first run, called the control, uses the unmodified National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)–NCAR reanalysis (NRA) dataset for boundary conditions. The second run, called the notched, uses the same NRA dataset for the boundary conditions, with the exception that all signals with periodicities in the 30–70-day range have been removed. Any signals in the 30–70-day range subsequently generated by the notched run are then solely due to signals generated from within the model domain or from signals entering through the domain boundar.
Human wild‐type and D76N β2‐microglobulin variants are significant proteotoxic and metabolic stressors for transgenic C. elegans

β2‐microglobulin (β2‐m) is a plasma protein derived from physiological shedding of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHCI), causing human systemic amyloidosis either due to persistently high concentrations of the wild‐type (WT) protein in hemodialyzed patients, or in presence of mutations, such as D76N β2‐m, which favor protein deposition in the adulthood, despite normal plasma levels. Here we describe a new transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) strain expressing human WT β2‐m at high concentrations, mimicking the condition that underlies dialysis‐related amyloidosis (DRA) and we compare it to a previously established strain expressing the highly amyloidogenic D76N β2‐m at lower concentrations. Both strains exhibit behavioral defects, the severity of which correlates with β2‐m levels rather than with the presence of mutations, being more pronounced in WT β2‐m worms. β2‐m expression also has a deep impact on the nematodes' proteomic and metabolic profiles. Most significantly affected processes include protein degradation and stress response, amino acids metabolism, and bioenergetics. Molecular alterations are more pronounced in worms expressing WT β2‐m at high concentration compared to D76N β2‐m worms. Altogether, these data show that β2‐m is a proteotoxic protein in vivo also in its wild‐type form, and that concentration plays a key role in modulating pathogenicity. Our transgenic nematodes recapitulate the distinctive features subtending DRA compared to hereditary β2‐m amyloidosis (high levels of non‐mutated β2‐m vs. normal levels of variant β2‐m) and provide important clues on the molecular bases of these human diseases.
The Effect of Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizers on the Quality of Forage Composed of Various Species of Legumes in the Northern Part of a Temperate Climate Zone

This study focuses on the effect of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers on the quality of perennial grasses. Both grasses and legumes are important in swards, and each type of grass has different biological and ecological properties. Legumes in multi-species swards, especially in their early ages, benefit other Poaceae grasses by improving their growth. When evaluating individual cuts over a three-year period, it was determined that the quality indicators of the forage were significantly influenced by the year of use, N fertilizer application, and the different species compositions of the swards. In many cases, N fertilizers significantly reduced the CP content while tending to increase MADF and NDF. Monoculture grass swards had the highest WSC content; in most cases, N fertilizers increased the WSC content in the forage. DMD was the lowest in the first year of use, specifically in the first cut. Our three-year experiment, which investigated twelve swards with different species compositions, demonstrated that legume grasses improved the quality indicators of forage and contributed to maintaining a more stable overall forage yield over the years. As the climate continues to become warmer, there is a growing need to study a wide range of plant species and different varieties suitable for local growth conditions.
Ryukyu in the Ming Reign Annals 1380s-1580s

Through an examination and analysis of references to the Ryukyuan polities as contained in the Ming shi-lu (Ming reign annals), this study explores the emergence of a unified Ryukyu state by the 1430s, and its relationship with the Ming empire and Southeast Asian trade ports. It also assesses the importance of the formal Ming tribute system for Ryukyu’s political consolidation, and examines both the development of Ryukyu’s maritime trade and regional influence and the decline of this role as a result of the Ming formally licensing trading ships to trade directly between China and Southeast Asian ports in the 1570s, and the invasion of the Ryukyuan islands by troops of the daimyō Shimazu in 1609. The study also examines the degree to which, over the period from the mid-14th century to the mid-16th century, Ryukyu can be seen to have been part of a Northeast Asian “Age of Commerce. ” In Ryukyu, we do see that, during the late 14th century, Naha emerged as a commercial hub - as an entrepot port - serving the booming commerce of the period, including the Southeast Asia-China trade in aromatics which marked Southeast Asian ports, but many of the other characteristics of the Age of Commerce in Southeast Asia were not seen during Ryukyu’s efflorescence. The article concludes with an English translation of the Ryukyuan references contained in the Ming shi-lu from the 1370s to the 1430s.
Investigating diphtheria outbreak: A qualitative study in rural area -

Background: Even after three decades of implementation of the Universal Immunization Programme in India, cases of diphtheria continue to occur. It is pertinent to study the social and epidemiological determinants of diphtheria. Aims & Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate epidemiological and social determinants of Diphtheria outbreak in a district in Central India and to understand response of health care system to this outbreak. Materials and Methods: Explanatory case study method, a qualitative method was employed involving interviews with stakeholders including family members of the affected children, specialists from tertiary care teaching hospital who treated these cases, health workers, public health functionaries at primary care and district level. Results: Both cases belonged to migratory community and non-immunization was identified as the chief proximal reason. Both, knowledge and utilisation of immunisation was poor in these communities and was limited to pulse polio immunization. Epidemiologically, the two cases were possibly linked. Vaccination drive to immunize all unimmunized children was conducted in the district where the cases were identified but not in the district where possibly the cases have originated. Conclusion: Social determinants including poverty, migration, poor access to health care all contributed in creating epidemiological situation where transmission of disease agent was easy, resulting in an outbreak. Migration creates vulnerability and our health systems should gear up themselves to address this vulnerability; appropriate strategies and micro-planning should be in place to cater to the needs of this underprivileged community. Strong surveillance system with adequate public health response addressing outbreaks is necessary.
Knowledge and attitude towards lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender healthcare concerns: A cross-sectional survey among undergraduate nursing students in a Philippine state university

Background Recently, there has been an increasing concern regarding matters concerning the LGBT community that should not be overlooked. Even though the Philippines is among the Asian nations with strong public tolerance towards homosexuals, numerous individuals still encounter discrimination. And while studies have been conducted elsewhere, the literature is limited among Filipino nursing students. Objective This research assessed the knowledge and attitude towards lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) healthcare concerns among nursing students in the Philippines. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted among nursing students (N = 354) in a public university in the Philippines. The Nursing Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes of LGBT Health Concerns was used to gather survey data online in April 2022, and data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26 software. Results While a large majority of nursing students had positive attitudes, many had only low to moderate knowledge about LGBT healthcare concerns, although no significant correlation (p = 0.081) was found between knowledge and attitude. There were significant differences in knowledge based on gender (p = 0.049), religious affiliation (p = 0.023), and academic year level (p <0.001). A significant difference was also identified in attitude based on sexual orientation (p <0.001). Conclusion Certain measures should be taken to address the gaps in the curricular content of undergraduate nursing programs directed at the LGBT topic to deliver culturally competent care grounded in evidence-based practices for LGBT individuals.
Hydromechanical effects: (I) on the Na-smectite microtexture

Abstract Changes in particle organization and pore-spaces with applied mechanical and hydraulic stresses were followed using TEM, SAXS mercury porosimetry and gas adsorption for two Na-smectites, Laponite and hectorite, with similar structural formulae but different particle sizes. The TEM images show that hectorite has particles larger and more anisotropic than those of Laponite. The particles order perpendicularly to the direction of axial mechanical stress and become disoriented under hydraulic stress. According to the SAXS results, Laponite is composed of 1 3 small layers and hectorite of more compact (10 80 layers) particles. In Laponite, mechanical stress strongly reduces the amount of macropores but does not affect micropores and mesopores; hydraulic stress increases the macropores. In hectorite, the pore-volume is lower than in Laponite. The different techniques used yield complementary results and show the considerable effect of layer dimension on the behaviour and microtexture parameters of smectite submitted to hydromechanical stresses.
STANDARDISED CATCH RATES FOR SWORDFISH (XIPHIAS GLADIUS) FROM THE ITALIAN AND GREEK FISHERIES OPERATING IN THE CENTRAL- EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN.

SUMMARY Indices of abundance of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) from the Greek long-line fisheries carried out in the eastern Mediterranean and the Sicilian long-line and driftnet fisheries operating in the Tyrrhenian Sea and Straits of Sicily are presented for the period 1987-2001. Annual standardized indices were estimated by means of Generalized Linear Modeling techniques and the standardization analysis procedure included the variables of Year, Month and Area of fishing. Results did not demonstrate the presence of any particular trend over time. RESUME