Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Brain Alterations in Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been related to brain alterations in female survivors. Nonetheless, few studies have used an exploratory approach, focusing on brain regions that are traditionally studied in other populations with post-traumatic stress. Traumatic brain injury (TBI), strangulation, and childhood trauma are highly prevalent among this population, and have also been associated with brain alterations and functional deterioration. As such, it is difficult to determine how different brain regions are affected by the complex interplay of these factors in female survivors. The aim of this study is to assess (a) brain alterations in female survivors of IPV as compared to non-victim females and (b) the potential causal mechanisms associated with such alterations. We hypothesized that structural brain differences would be found between female survivors of IPV and non-victims, and that these differences would be related to IPV-related TBI, strangulation, IPV severity, depression, post-traumatic stress, generalized anxiety, and childhood adverse experiences. A total of 27 non-victims and 28 survivors completed structural magnetic resonance imaging and questionnaires to measure the potential causal mechanisms for brain alterations. Structural brain differences were found between groups, principally in volumetric analyses. The brain regions in which between-group differences were found were related to attempted strangulation, IPV-related TBI, severity of IPV, adverse childhood experiences, and post-traumatic stress. These results demonstrate that a wider range of brain regions may be impacted by IPV and that various factors are implicated in the structural brain alterations found in female survivors. This study demonstrates the importance of post-traumatic stress, childhood and adult trauma, and physical violence in assessing brain alterations in IPV survivors. Further, it serves as a critical first step in assessing an extensive list of potential causal mechanisms for structural brain alterations, using a more comprehensive a whole-brain structural analysis of IPV female victims, a largely understudied and vulnerable population.
Bower Destruction, Decoration Stealing and Female Choice in the Spotted Bowerbird Chlamydera maculata

Male bowerbirds build and decorate bowers to attract females as copulation partners. Here we report the first information on the relationship between the bower and mating patterns in the Spotted Bowerbird Chlamydera maculata. The mating success of male Spotted Bowerbirds is correlated with the quality of male bowers and several measures of bower decoration. Bower destruction and decoration stealing are rare. The low rate of interaction among bower holders appears to result from the large distances between bowers. Studies of the Satin Bowerbird Ptilonorhynchus violaceus have shown a much higher level of stealing and destruction and support the view that male interactions are critical in determining the level of bower decoration and bower quality (Borgia 1985b; Borgia & Gore 1986). The low levels of stealing and destruction in Spotted Bowerbirds, coupled with the correlation of bower quality and mating success, suggest that high levels of male interaction are not a necessary prerequisite for females to use bowers as a factor influencing mate choice. We consider the implications of this finding in regard to the evolution of bower building and the evolution of sexual display.
The utility of kidney injury molecule-1 as an early biomarker of kidney injury in people living with HIV

There are increasing reports of antiretroviral therapy (ART) drug-related kidney dysfunction. Traditional markers of kidney dysfunction such as urine protein/creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) have thus far proven ineffective at detecting some sub-clinical forms of ART-related kidney injury. This is a cross-sectional examination of 114 people living with HIV (PLWH), either naïve (N =104) or treatment experienced (N =10). Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1 ng/mg) thresholds were estimated using electrochemiluminescent assays from stored urine samples and normalised for urinary creatinine excretion (KIM-1/Cr). Correlation coefficients and predictors of kidney tubular injury were compared and derived for both adjusted and unadjusted urinary KIM-1/CR (ng/mg). In PLWH (both ART-naïve and treatment experienced) had a higher baseline unadjusted and adjusted median (≥3.7 ng/mg) and upper tertile (≥6.25 ng/mg) urinary KIM-1/Cr levels compared to either non-normal volunteers (0.39 ng/mg) or those with acute kidney injury in the general population (0.57 ng/mg). When upper tertile KIM-1/Cr (≥6.25 ng/mg) was utilised as a marker of kidney injury, eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2), white Caucasian ethnicity, and protease inhibitor exposure were significantly associated with increased risk of kidney injury in multivariate analyses (odds ratio 0.91, confidence interval [CI] 0.68–0.98, P = 0.02; odds ratio 8.9, CI 1.6–48.6, p = 0.01; and odds ratio 0.05, CI 0.03–0.9, p =0.04, respectively). We found a significant degree of sub-clinical kidney injury (high unadjusted and adjusted KIM-1/Cr) in PLWH with normal kidney function (eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2). We also found a higher baseline KIM-1/Cr (ng/mg) in our study cohort than reported both in normal volunteers and patients with kidney injury in the general population.
Osimertinib for EGFR-mutant lung cancer with central nervous system metastases: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

BACKGROUND Osimertinib, a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)TKI. Osimertinib is a cancer medicine that interferes with the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. Osimertinib is used to treat a certain type of non-small cell lung cancer. We review some of the main challenges in targeting EGFR, including lack of central nervous system penetration with most tyrosine kinase inhibitors, activity of osimertinib penetrating blood-brain barrier and the efficacy of osimertinib. METHODS Guided by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement, we conducted a systematic literature search in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science database on January 30, 2020, searching for studies investigating the osimertinib efficacy on patients with CNS metastases in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). And Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the certainty in the evidence. RESULTS The pooled results showed that the overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 70% and 92%, respectively, in patients with T790M mutations. The efficacy of osimertinib was confirmed by the median progression free survival (PFS). In untreated advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC with CNS metastases patients, the pooled ORR and DCR of osimertinib were 71% and 93%, respectively. And the combined median PFS, achieved by osimertinib, was 12.21 months. Above data proved that osimertinib has well activity in disease control, especially in first line. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis confirmed that in treatment-naive advanced NSCLC CNS metastases harboring EGFR-TKI-sensitizing mutations, Osimertinib showed impressive antitumor activity.
Spontaneous age-related changes of attention in unmedicated boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Abstract Objective Neuropsychological, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological studies have reported a steady increase in the different attention types until the age of 10 years. Moreover, differences between healthy control (HC) boys and those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) become nonsignificant in late childhood. This cross-sectional study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of attentional processing in boys with ADHD and HC in the 6:00-10:11 years age range. Methods: Age-related changes in attentional processing were compared between Caucasian Turkic boys (72-131 months of age) with ADHD (n = 144) and HC (n = 112). Selective, focused, and inhibitory attention were measured using the Stroop Test (5 scores); sustained attention was measured using the Cancellation Test (3 scores); and attention span was measured using the Visual Aural Digit Span Test-Revised (6 scores). Results: At the age of 6 years, the ADHD group had a significantly lower performance for all attention types. By the age of 10 years, there were no significant between-group differences. However, the component structure of the neuropsychological test scores in the ADHD group differed from that in the HC group and previous studies. Conclusions: Attentional processing in boys with ADHD changes within the age-range of 6:00-10:00 years where it finally becomes similar to that in HC boys. This delayed maturation is consistent with the maturational lag model of ADHD. However, there was a between-group difference in the component structure of attentional processing, which is consistent with the maturational deviance model of ADHD.
Comparison between epsilon-aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid for total hip and knee arthroplasty: A meta-analysis

Background: The aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) and tranexamic acid (TXA) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: Potential academic articles were identified from the Cochrane Library, Springer, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases from inception to December 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs involving EACA and TXA in THA or TKA were included. Pooled data were analyzed using RevMan 5.1. Results: Three RCTs and three non-RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The present meta-analysis reveals that EACA is associated with significantly more blood loss than TXA. No significant differences were identified in terms of blood transfusion rate, transfusion units, hemoglobin (Hb) level at discharge, operation time, length of hospital stay, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), or 30-day readmission. Conclusions: Compared with TXA, EACA led to more blood loss in patients undergoing THA or TKA. However, there was no significant difference in the blood transfusion rate, transfusion units, Hb level at discharge, operation time, length of hospital stay, DVT, or 30-day readmission between groups.
The characteristics of ICU physical restraint use and related influencing factors in China: a multi-center study.

BACKGROUND The use of physical restraint has been a common phenomenon in clinical practice. However, the current status of physical restraints in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and related potential factors in China remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the status of physical restraint use of patients in ICU, and to identify the potential factors affecting the physical restraint use. METHODS Patients in 16 ICUs of five hospitals from September 15 to October 15, 2019 were included. The ICU Patients' Physical Restraint Evaluation Scale was used for survey investigation. The basic information, the behavioral, treatment and muscle strength level with 35 detailed items were collected and evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the potential risks of physical restraint use. RESULTS A total of 386 ICU patients were included, the incidence of physical restraint use was 59.07%. The incidence of physical restraint uses in patients with irritability, unconsciousness and disorientation, Richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS) ≥2 or -3< RASS <2 were significantly higher that other conditions (all P<0.05); the incidence of physical restraint uses in patients with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), temporary pacemaker, intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor, invasive blood pressure monitoring, tracheotomy, central venous catheter (CVC), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), peripheral intravenous infusion were significantly higher that other conditions (all P<0.05); the male gender, mechanical ventilation, retained catheters or tubes with level II or irritability were the independently influencing factors for the physical restraint use (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of physical restraint use is rather high in ICU, clinical attentions are needed especially for those patients with male gender, mechanical ventilation, retained catheters or tubes with level II or irritability.
Alternative splicing of HER2: a novel mediator of EGFR TKI resistance

Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020;9(4):1606-1612 | http://dx.doi. org/10.21037/tlcr-20-618 Over the past three decades, lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer deaths for both men and women (1). Lung cancer mortality remains high as it is usually diagnosed at a late stage and therapies in the metastatic setting have limited efficacy (1). However, there have been marked advances in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the largest subset of lung cancer, since the introduction of immunotherapy and targeted therapy. When patients with advanced NSCLC are initially diagnosed, they are subtyped based on molecular drivers. While subsets of NSCLC patients with a molecular driver, such as those with KRAS mutations, do not as of yet have an approved targeted therapy, approximately 25% of NSCLC patients have a commercially available targeted agent (2,3). The largest group with a targetable molecular driver is the approximately 15% of patients with sensitizing EGFR mutations (2,3). Multiple Phase III trials have demonstrated that firstand second-generation EGFR TKIs lead to improved objective response rates (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared with platinum-based chemotherapy (4,5). However, the efficacy of firstand second-generation EGFR TKIs in EGFR-mutant NSCLC is limited by the frequency of de-novo resistance (~20–30%) and the inevitability of acquired resistance (5-7). Attempts to establish mechanisms of resistance to firstand second-generation EGFR TKIs have demonstrated that a significant proportion of patients develop secondary EGFR mutations (6). Approximately 50% of patients acquire the “gatekeeper” T790M EGFR mutation, which renders firstand second-generation EGFR TKIs ineffective as they can no longer access the ATP binding cleft of EGFR (6,8). T790M mutant EGFR remains sensitive to third-generation EGFR TKIs, such as osimertinib, which binds covalently to a cysteine residue (C797) in the ATP binding cleft (6,8). Osimertinib was initially approved as a treatment for patients with acquired T790M EGFR mutations following progression on first-line EGFR TKIs as multiple trials demonstrated osimertinib was superior to chemotherapy in this setting (7). Recently, osimertinib became the recommended first-line therapy for patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC. The FLAURA trial demonstrated that using osimertinib as a first-line agent resulted in superior PFS and overall survival when compared to first-line erlotinib or gefitinib (9). Despite improved clinical outcomes, response to firstline osimertinib remains limited by acquired resistance (9). The mechanisms of resistance to first-line osimertinib are not well-established. Early studies have demonstrated that resistance mechanisms appear to be less EGFRdependent, as tertiary EGFR mutations and amplification of wild-type (WT) EGFR only account for resistance in 5–10% of patients (10-12). The predominant EGFREditorial Commentary
Occupational Heat Stress and Practical Cooling Solutions for Healthcare and Industry Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Treatment and management of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, which causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), requires increased adoption of personal protective equipment (PPE) to be worn by workers in healthcare and industry. In warm occupational settings, the added burden of PPE threatens worker health and productivity, a major lesson learned during the West-African Ebola outbreak which ultimately constrained disease control. In this paper, we comment on the link between COVID-19 PPE and occupational heat strain, cooling solutions available to mitigate occupational heat stress, and practical considerations surrounding their effectiveness and feasibility. While the choice of cooling solution depends on the context of the work and what is practical, mitigating occupational heat stress benefits workers in the healthcare and industrial sectors during the COVID-19 disease outbreak.
Pretreatment motivation and therapy outcomes in eating disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE Identifying modifiable predictors of outcomes following treatment for eating disorders may help to tailor interventions to patients' individual needs, improve treatment efficacy, and develop new interventions. The goal of this meta-analysis was to quantify the association between pretreatment motivation and posttreatment changes in eating disorder symptomology. METHOD We reviewed 196 longitudinal studies reporting on change on indices of overall eating-disorder symptomatology, weight gain, binge-eating, vomiting, anxiety/depression, and treatment adherence. Meta-analyses were performed using two complementary approaches: (a) combined probability analysis using the added Z's method; (b) effect size analyses. Using random-effect models, effect sizes were pooled when there were at least three studies with the same type of statistical design and reporting statistics on the same outcome. Heterogeneity in study outcome was evaluated using Q and I2 statistics. Studies were reviewed qualitatively when the number of studies or reported data were insufficient to perform a meta-analysis. RESULTS Forty-two articles were included. Although samples and treatments differed substantially across studies, results across studies were remarkably consistent. Both combined-probability and effect-size analyses indicated positive effects of pretreatment motivation on improvement in general eating-disorder symptoms (Cohen's r = .17), and an absence of effects on anxiety/depression symptoms. Remaining outcome indices were subject to selective reporting and/or small sample size bias. DISCUSSION Our findings underscore the importance of incorporating treatment engagement approaches in the treatment of eating disorders. Optimal reporting of study findings and improving study quality would improve future efforts to obtain an in-depth understanding of the relationship between motivation and eating disorder symptoms.
A 'new normal' following COVID-19 and the economic crisis: Using systems thinking to identify challenges and opportunities in disability, telework, and rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) that emerged in late 2019, and later become a global pandemic, has unleashed an almost unprecedented global public health and economic crisis. OBJECTIVE In this perspective, we examine the effects of COVID-19 and identify a likely 'new normal' in terms of challenges and opportunities within the fields of disability, telework, and rehabilitation. METHODS We use a systems thinking lens informed by recent empirical evidence and peer-reviewed qualitative accounts regarding the pandemic to identify emerging challenges, and pinpoint opportunities related to health and changing employment infrastructure of people with disabilities and rehabilitation professionals. RESULTS From our interpretation, the key leverage points or opportunities include: (1) developing disability-inclusive public health responses and emergency preparedness; (2) enabling employment and telework opportunities for people with disabilities; (3) addressing the new requirements in rehabilitation service provision, including participating as essential team members in the care of people with infectious diseases such as COVID-19; (4) embracing the added emphasis on, and capacity for, telehealth; and (5) developing greater resilience, distance learning, and employability among the rehabilitation workforce. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has become increasingly challenging to the lives of people with disabilities and rehabilitation professionals; however, key challenges can be minimized and opportunities can be capitalized upon in order to 'build back better' after COVID-19.
Aiming at ecological validity—Midfrontal theta oscillations in a toy gun shooting task

Laboratory electroencephalography (EEG) studies have already provided important insights into the neuronal mechanisms of performance monitoring. However, to our knowledge no study so far has examined neuronal correlates of performance monitoring using an ecologically valid task outside a typical laboratory setting. Therefore, we examined midfrontal theta and the feedback‐related negativity (FRN) using mobile EEG in a physical shooting task within an ecologically valid environment with highly dynamical visual feedback. Participants shot a target using a toy gun while moving and looking around freely. Shots that missed the target evoked stronger midfrontal theta activity than hits and this response was rather phase‐unlocked. There was no difference between misses and hits in the FRN. The results raise the question whether the absence of certain ERP components like the FRN could be due to methodological reasons or to the fact that partially different neuronal processes may be activated in the laboratory as compared to more ecologically valid tasks. Overall, our results indicate that crucial neurocognitive processes of performance monitoring can be assessed in highly dynamic and ecologically valid settings by mobile EEG.
A systematic review of self-neglect and its risk factors among community-dwelling older adults

Abstract Objectives To systematically review published evidence on self-neglect (SN) and its risk factors among community-dwelling older adults. Method A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus, PsycINFO, and Scopus for studies that were published in English from inception to 8 April 2020. Grey database was also included to ensure a thorough search. The study quality was assessed by two reviewers independently using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or the checklist suggested by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Results A total of 19 studies was included in this review. Various tools were used to assess SN among the available studies. The prevalence rates of SN among community-dwelling older adults ranged from 18.4% to 29.1%. The risk factors of SN identified by these studies involved sociodemographic characteristics (male gender, older age, low economic status, ethnicity, lower educational level, marital status, and lower number of children), health-related characteristics (cognitive impairment, lower level of physical function, nutritional status, higher number of medical comorbidities, and pain), psychological characteristics (depression), and social context characteristics (living alone, lower social networks and social engagement, lower neighborhood cohesion, and neighborhood disorder). Conclusion SN is a common and under-recognized phenomenon among community-dwelling older adults. Our review provides healthcare professionals with an insight into SN and its risk factors. More studies are required to test the potency of each independent risk factor to deepen our understanding of this particular phenomenon.