Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of the Effect of Cascade Area Ratios on Transonic Compressor Performance

Transonic compressor rotor performance is highly sensitive to variations in cascade area ratios. This paper reports on the design, experimental evaluation and three-dimensional viscous analysis of four low aspect ratio transonic rotors that demonstrate the effects of cascade throat area, internal contraction and trailing edge effective camber on compressor performance. The cascade throat area study revealed that tight throat margins result in increased high speed efficiency with lower part speed performance. Stall line was also improved slightly over a wide range of speeds with a lower throat-to-upstream capture area ratio. Higher internal contraction, expressed as throat-to-mouth area ratio, also results in increased design point peak efficiency, but again costs performance at the lower speeds. Reducing the trailing edge effective camber expressed as throat-to-exit area ratio, results in an improvement in peak efficiency level without significantly lowering the stall line. Among all four rotors, the best high speed efficiency was obtained by the rotor with tight throat margin and highest internal contraction, but its efficiency was the lowest at part speed. The best compromise between high speed and part speed efficiency was achieved by the rotor with a large throat and a lower trailing edge effective camber. The differences in the shock structure and the shock boundary layer interaction of the four blades was analyzed using a three-dimensional viscous code. The analytical results are used to supplement the data and provide further insight into the detailed physics of the flow field.Copyright © 1994 by ASME
Two Cases of Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy Associated with the Adenovirus-based COVID-19 Vaccine Vaxzevria (Astrazeneca)

ABSTRACT Purpose To report two cases of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) in young female patients following the administration of the adenovirus-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca). Methods Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and infrared imaging were used to confirm the diagnosis of AMN. Results Both patients showed a parafoveal hyperreflective band in the outer nuclear layer, disruption of the ellipsoid and interdigitation zones of the photoreceptor layers, and correlating hyporeflective areas on the near-infrared images. Both patients presented with flu-like fever and sudden onset of fortifications within 48 hours of vaccination. One patient showed altered flow in the deep capillary plexus and highly elevated thrombotic parameters. Conclusion We report a possible association between immune-mediated AMN and the administration of adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccine Vaxzevria.
The Culturally Customized Web Site

In The Culturally Customized Web Site, Nitish Singh and Arun Pereira focus on cultural aspects of international website design, honing in on three objectives:* First, to present a review and survey results on standardization/localization issues on the web* Second, to present a scientifically tested framework to design culturally adapted international websites, and provide marketers and web designers with practical web localization tools* Third, to show readers the power and effectiveness of culturally customized websites.
Pressure variations in the northern part of the Danish Central Graben, North Sea

The overpressure variation in the Cenozoic–Jurassic succession in the northern part of the Danish Central Graben may broadly be divided into three major compartments. An upper hydrostatically pressured unit comprises the post-mid Miocene–recent succession down to c. 1200 m depth in the northern and c. 700 m in the southern parts of the Danish Central Graben. The second compartment comprises the mid-Miocene smectite-rich clays down to and including the upper Cretaceous chalk. There the Paleogene–Lower Miocene succession provides the seal. The third compartment constitutes the Jurassic succession with pressure above hydrostatic that may exceed twice that seen at the upper Chalk level. Pressure levels can be estimated using the Eaton approach for the second compartment that are in agreement with pressure data. Modelling of the transient pressure development in the Cretaceous–mid-Miocene succession broadly complies with the Eaton estimates and shows that the main overpressure build-up has occurred within the last 10 myr. The overpressure in this succession may be mapped using methods that exploit correlations between fluid pressure and the degree of consolidation, while that in the Jurassic cannot. However, the lateral variation in the Upper Jurassic overpressure correlates broadly with the maturity of the Upper Jurassic source rock, allowing the pressure variation to be mapped. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Geopressure collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection. org/cc/geopressure
Grout properties and their influence on back fill grouting

Functions of tail void grout are described and necessary properties of the grout mortar to fulfill these functions are discussed. A simple model is derived to show the loading on the lining along the axis of the tunnel as a function of the mortar properties and the possible movement of the lining. When it takes a long time for the grout mortar to consolidate or to harden, resulting in buoyancy forces on the lining over a certain length, this can lead to considerable forces in the lining of a tunnel as well as on the TBM. This is shown with some indicative example calculations, for conditions measured in 2 projects and 3 different grout mortars.
Model Reference Adaptive Fight Control Adapted for General Aviation: Controller Gain Simulation and Preliminary Flight Testing On a Bonanza Fly-By-Wire Testbed

Model reference adaptive flight control (dynamic inverse with adaptation) methodology is adapted for use for a general aviation Hawker Beechcraft Bonanza fly-by-wire testbed. The control method is based on the work of Calise and the NASA Integrated Resilient Aircraft Control project. A derivation of the simplified inverse controller and adaptive elements is presented. The controller is a longitudinal flight controller that tracks pilot inputs of velocity and flight path angle. An L2 tracking error metric is used in a study to tune the outer controller loop gains by introducing artificial time delays in the control signals to determine the time delay margin. Results of this study are presented. Hardware in the loop control software ground testing followed by flight testing of this baseline controller have been completed. Flight test cards are presented in this paper as well as desktop simulation and flight test results.
Prevalence and Genotyping of Human Papillomavirus among Women in the Departments of Niari and Bouenza, Republic of the Congo

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are at the origin of many mucosal, benign or malignant skin pathologies. Some so-called high-risk genotypes, especially types 16 and 18, are involved in the genesis of cervical cancer, one of the most common cancers in women. To determine the prevalence of HPV infections and to identify oncogenic genotypes circulating in the departments of Niari and Bouenza. A total of 207 cervical samples collected between 2019 and 2020 were studied. Cervico vaginal smears were performed on all samples for cytological analysis, and HPV DNA detection and genotyping were performed on GeneXpert. The average age of the women who participated in this study was 43.67 ± 12.31 years in Niari served between socio-demographic characteristics and genotyping (p > 0.05). On the other hand, HPV-HR prevalence varied significantly according to cervical cytology (p = 0.001). The results obtained show the predominance of HPV 16 in women in these two departments of Congo.
Mediated and Discursive Readings of Argentine, American and Mexican Female Academics in the Coverage of Female Presidential Candidates

In the present study, ten focused interviews were conducted where female university professors from Argentina, the United States and Mexico read news articles in newspapers about Cristina Fernández, Hillary Clinton and Margarita Zavala, respectively. Seven ways in which journalistic messages were stylistically and discursively deconstructed were found, among which are the questioning of editorial decisions, as well as evidencing how the ideology of the newspaper generated a specific treatment with the intention of manipulating audiences.
Precision Engineering of Micrometer and Nanometer Droplets for Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy

THOMAS D. MARTZ: Precision Engineering of Micrometer and Nanometer Droplets for Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy. (Under the direction of Paul A. Dayton, Ph.D.) The medical community has interest in improving techniques such as occlusion, therapeutics and imaging through the use of liquid perfluorocarbon droplets. The ability to create a monodispersed population of liquid perfluorocarbon droplets would have the added advantage of uniform acoustic activation parameters. A microfluidic device with a flow-focusing orifice allowed for uniform production of perfluoropentane droplets in the micron and submicron diameter range. These droplets are able to be stored for over two weeks while retaining distribution characteristics. The observed activation of the droplets shows the acoustic threshold as a function of droplet diameter with little variability. Results showed that microfluidic technology with a pressure controlled flow regulator will allow for greater manufacturing control of phase-change perfluorocarbons in the micron and sub-micron size range for acoustic droplet vaporization applications.
The cost of satisfying design requirements on progressive collapse resistance – Investigation based on structural optimisation

This work is concerned with the explicit treatment of progressive collapse resistance within the structural design process. Progressive collapse resistance is associated with the damage tolerance of a structural system and controls the ability of the system to sustain local damage by absorbing the potential of triggering system collapse and suffering disproportionally large consequences. This work focuses on the design of elastoplastic steel frames. The measure of progressive collapse resistance employed is expressed as a ratio comparing the limit loads obtained with elastoplastic analyses of the intact structure and of an artificially damaged structure (‘damage’ is caused by the notional removal of a column from the intact structure). This measure is used to incorporate a constraint on progressive collapse resistance into a structural design optimisation formulation, which – in its classical form – takes only standard design code constraints into account and aims at minimising the structural cost. The developed optimisation approach is capable of producing cost-effective structural designs with acceptable system damage tolerance. By enforcing the satisfaction of the additional design requirement on progressive collapse resistance, structural cost is inevitably increased due to the need for extra material. This increase is quantitatively explored with the presented structural design optimisation approach.
What would have happened? Counterfactuals, hypotheticals and causal judgements

How do people make causal judgements? In this paper, I show that counterfactual simulations are necessary for explaining causal judgements about events, and that hypotheticals do not suffice. In two experiments, participants viewed video clips of dynamic interactions between billiard balls. In Experiment 1, participants either made hypothetical judgements about whether ball B would go through the gate if ball A were not present in the scene, or counterfactual judgements about whether ball B would have gone through the gate if ball A had not been present. Because the clips featured a block in front of the gate that sometimes moved and sometimes stayed put, hypothetical and counterfactual judgements came apart. A computational model that evaluates hypotheticals and counterfactuals by running noisy physical simulations accurately captured participants’ judgements. In Experiment 2, participants judged whether ball A caused ball B to go through the gate. The results showed a tight fit between counterfactual and causal judgements, whereas hypotheticals did not predict causal judgements. I discuss the implications of this work for theories of causality, and for studying the development of counterfactual thinking in children. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Thinking about possibilities: mechanisms, ontogeny, functions and phylogeny’.
Effects of conflict in cognitive control: Evidence from mouse tracking

It has long been debated whether the “congruency sequence effect (CSE)” in conflict tasks such as Flanker could reflect adaptive control. The current study used “mouse tracking” to tackle the issue in a combination of three conflict tasks (i.e., Flanker, Simon, and Spatial Stroop tasks). Congruency effects from previous and current trials emerged in latencies as well as curvature of movement trajectories in all three tasks. Critically, movement initiation times were affected only by congruency on previous but not on current trials. A further analysis showed that even when initiation time on the previous trials was taken into account, a subtle but highly significant effect of conflict arising from trial N–1 on initiation times remained. Although not necessarily implying “conflict adaptation,” i.e., a dynamic up- and downregulation of cognitive control in response to a recent conflict, our finding indicates a specific sensitivity to the presence or absence of recent “conflict” in the cognitive environment.
Internal Layout Design of a Warehouse

Abstract Two configurations of shelves, in a homogeneous or a zoned warehouse, are compared. Handling costs as well as costs associated with the warehouse area and perimeter are taken into consideration. From these, expressions for optimal design parameters are developed. It is shown that, depending on ratios between the relevant costs, some general preference rules for the two layouts examined can be laid down.
Future projection and assessment of soil erosion and deposition by water in Manipur River basin using USPED model

Abstract Manipur River basin is seriously affected by soil erosion. Assessment of soil erosion in such watersheds is useful in identifying causes and associated risks. This study aims to assess spatio-temporal change in soil erosion/deposition in the past, and project it for the future using the Unit Stream Power Erosion/Deposition model based on rainfall erosivity, soil erodobility, soil cover, slope length and steepness factor as the input parameter. From the model results, the area under extreme to slight erosion intensity was found to be 3.82%, 5.54%, 5.44%, 5.28% and 6.74% for the year 2007, 2011, 2014, 2017 and 2030, whereas for the deposition it was found to be 3.72%, 4.9%, 5.21%, 5.3% and 6.3% for the year 2007, 2011, 2014, 2017 and 2030 respectively. This study also indicates that the study area is suffering from moderate soil erosion but it is most likely to transit into severe in the future.
Radiation Effects on CMOS Active Pixel Image Sensors

Today, Complementary-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) Image Sensors (CIS), also called Active Pixel Sensors (APS), are the most popular imager technology with several billions manufactured every year. They represent about 90% of the imager market and should exceed 95% in a couple of years. Compared to the main alternative imager technology, the Charge Coupled Device (CCD), CISs have several major benefits such as low-power consumption, high-integration, high speed and the capacity to integrate advanced CMOS functions on-chip (and even inside the pixel). Thanks to the latest technology innovations, CISs are now matching the performances of CCDs in terms of image quality and sensitivity placing them at the forefront even in high-end applications such as digital single-lens reflex, scientific instruments, and machine vision. Thanks to these advantages, CISs are also used in harsh radiation environment for applications such as: space applications, X-ray medical imaging, electron microscopy, nuclear facility monitoring and remote handling (nuclear power plants, nuclear waste repositories, nuclear physics facilities…), particle detection and imaging, military applications etc. Designing, hardening and testing a sensor for such applications require the understanding of the CIS behavior when exposed to radiation sources. Understanding and improving further the intrinsically good radiation hardness of APS has been a topic of interest since its invention. This interest has been recently growing with the coming of new behaviors brought by the profound evolution of CIS technologies (as discussed throughout this manuscript) compared to the older generation mainstream CMOS processes used in early work. The aim of this chapter is to give an overview of the parasitic effects that can undergo a modern CIS when it is exposed to a high energy particle radiation field.
Non-word repetition in Persian learning toddlers with typical development

Abstract In the current research, non-word repetition (NWR) skills of Persian learning toddlers and its association with phonological accuracy and language measures, such as percentage consonant correct (PCC), mean length utterance (MLU), and expressive vocabulary was evaluated. First, the Persian task of NWR, comprising 15 non-words, was developed and validated. Forty-four typically developing Persian learning toddlers aged from 24 to 30 months were recruited in this project. Word and NWR responses were elicited during play. MLU was investigated using serial picture description. Furthermore, the Persian version of MacArthur-Bates communicative development inventories was completed by participants’ parents. The association between NWR, word repetition, MLU, and vocabulary indices was measured. Excellent values were obtained for test–retest reliability, PCC of NWR (ICC = .94, 95% CI, .78–.94, p < .001) and PCC of word repetition (ICC = .96, 95%CI, .83–.96, p < .001). The values of PCC for NWR and PCC of word repetition were 80.32 ± 13.44 and 83.51 ± 9.91, respectively. The Wilcoxon ranked test showed that participants had better performance in word repetition than NWR (z = −.275, p = .02). Significant associations were found between NWR, word repetition, MLU, number of different words, number of total words, and the expressive vocabulary size. Sex, socioeconomic status, and age did not affect NWR in this study. The findings of the current research demonstrated that the Persian task of NWR is a valid and reliable test to measure the NWR and the scores of participants were substantially associated with phonological accuracy, MLU, and vocabulary measures.
Direct and indirect pathways for the spread of African swine fever and other porcine infectious diseases: An application of the mental models approach

Abstract In this study, we investigated the occurrence of direct and indirect infectious disease transmission pathways among pig farms in Switzerland, as well as their specific relevance for the spread of African swine fever, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), and enzootic pneumonia. Data were collected using an adapted mental models approach, involving initial interviews with experts in the field of pig health and logistics, semi‐structured interviews with pig farmers, and a final expert workshop, during which all identified pathways were graded by their predicted frequency of occurrence, their likelihood of spread of the three diseases of interest, and their overall relevance considering both parameters. As many as 24 disease pathways were identified in four areas: pig trade, farmer encounters, external collaborators, and environmental or other pathways. Two thirds of the pathways were expected to occur with moderate‐to‐high frequency. While both direct and indirect pig trade transmission routes were highly relevant for the spread of the three pathogens, pathways from the remaining areas were especially important for PRRS due to higher spread potential via aerosols and fomites. In addition, we identified factors modifying the relevance of disease pathways, such as farm production type and affiliation with trader companies. During the interviews, we found varying levels of risk perception among farmers concerning some of the pathways, which affected adherence to biosecurity measures and were often linked to the degree of trust that farmers had towards their colleagues and external collaborators. Our findings highlight the importance of integrating indirect disease pathways into existing surveillance and control strategies and in disease modelling efforts. We also propose that biosecurity training aimed at professionals and risk communication campaigns targeting farmers should be considered to mitigate the risk of disease spread through the identified pathways.
Experimental Verification of Clogging within Vertical Transport Systems for the Deep Sea Mining Industry

This report concerns the experimental validation of recent numerical predictions of pipe blockage during the vertical hydraulic transport of ore for the deep sea mining industry. A hydraulic circuit, incorporating an 8.5 m riser pipe of 99.4 mm inner diameter, was built to identify and quantify the dominant transport mechanisms during conveying, merging and passing of two batches of solids. Experiments were conducted with single batches and various combinations of two batches, including two types of sand (0.39 mm and 1.05 mm), two types of gravel (6.34 mm and 11.20 mm) and Polystyrene granulate (2.80 mm). Experiments indicated a decreasing influence of axial dispersion for an increasing particle size and particle density. By measurement data analysis, it is proven that axial dispersion is negligible for coarser solids, implying a larger risk of concentration peaks during transport compared to recent numerical calculations which assumed Taylor dispersion. Experiments with two merging batches revealed the ability for sand to merge and pass the gravel, whereas polystyrene merges and fuses with the gravel leading to pipe blockage. This discrepancy is thought to originate from a specific solids diameter ratio between both batches. A relation is suggested between the occurrence of pipe blockage and Terzaghi’s filter rules. The report concludes that the volume fraction of solids can rise significantly during the merging process and that for certain solids combinations, the merging process can lead to blockage of the riser.
Investigation of rotor noise source mechanisms with forward speed simulation

The noise of a model propeller was measured with and without forward speed simulation in the open test section of a low-speed wind tunnel at velocities up to 60 m/s and blade tip Mach numbers up to 0.6. Compared to the static tests, even low wind velocities reduced the propeller noise by up to 20 dB. Strong sound radiation occurred due to interaction of the propeller blades with the wake of the supporting beam when the propeller was mounted as a pusher propeller. At wind velocities above 20 m/s, the high-frequency part of the propeller noise depends strongly on the angle of attack of the blades. At moderate angles of attack, laminar vortex shedding noise dominates the high-frequency sound radiation. This noise component could be eliminated by tripping the boundary layer on the suction surface of the blades. The frequencies of maximum noise radiation were predicted fairly well by existing theories. The laminar vortex shedding noise disappears at higher angles of attack of the propeller blades. If the angle of attack is further increased, strong braodband noise occurs which is generated probably by the turbulent boundary layer and local flow separations.