Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface passivation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with Al2O3 via atomic layer deposition in a rotating fluidized bed reactor

Iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles have shown great promise in many magnetic-related applications such as magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermia treatment, and targeted drug delivery. Nevertheless, these nanoparticles are vulnerable to oxidation and magnetization loss under ambient conditions, and passivation is usually required for practical applications. In this work, a home-built rotating fluidized bed (RFB) atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactor was employed to form dense and uniform nanoscale Al2O3 passivation layers on Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The RFB reactor facilitated the precursor diffusion in the particle bed and intensified the dynamic dismantling of soft agglomerates, exposing every surface reactive site to precursor gases. With the aid of in situ mass spectroscopy, it was found that a thicker fluidization bed formed by larger amount of particles increased the residence time of precursors. The prolonged residence time allowed more thorough interactions between the particle surfaces and the.
DOES ATTACHMENT STYLE AND GENDER CORRELATE WITH SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING AMONG MARRIED UNDERGRADUATES?

The study examined the relationships between attachment style and gender as correlates of subjective well-being among married undergraduates. A total of 210 students from Sociology department in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, participated in the study. Participants consist of 80 males and 130 females. Their age ranged from 18 to 30 years, with mean age of 22.00 years and standard deviation of 1.749. Two instruments were administered for data collection: the Experiences in Close Relationship-Revised (ECR-R) questionnaire which was developed by Fraley, R. C. and Shaver, P. R (2000). Also satisfaction with life scale which was developed by Dennier, E. , Emmons, R.A. , Larsen, R.J., & Griffin, S. , (1985). Statistics deployed was Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient. Result show that the first hypothesis was not confirmed and the second hypothesis was not confirmed at (r = .32,p>.05). Recommendations were made in line with research findings.
Capturing the Interactions Between Ice Sheets, Sea Level and the Solid Earth on a Range of Timescales: A new "time window" algorithm

Abstract. Retreat and advance of ice sheets perturb the gravitational field, solid surface and rotation of the Earth, leading to spatially variable sea-level changes over a range of timescales (~O100-6 years), which in turn feed back onto ice sheet dynamics. Coupled ice-sheet – sea-level models have been developed to capture the interactive processes between ice sheets, sea level and the solid Earth, but it is computationally challenging to capture short-term interactions (~O100-2 years) precisely within longer (~O103-6 years) simulations. The classic coupling algorithm assigns a uniform temporal resolution in the sea-level model, causing a quadratic increase in total CPU time with the total number of input ice history steps, which increases with either the length or temporal resolution of the simulation. In this study, we introduce a new “time window” algorithm for sea-level models that enables users to define the temporal resolution at which the ice loading history is captured during different time intervals before the current simulation time. Utilizing the time window, we assign a fine temporal resolution (~O100-2 years) for the period of ongoing and recent history of surface ice and ocean loading changes and a coarser temporal resolution (~O103-6 years) for earlier periods in the simulation. This reduces the total CPU time and memory required per model time step while maintaining the precision of the model results. We explore the sensitivity of sea-level model results to the model's temporal resolution and show how this sensitivity feeds back onto ice sheet dynamics in coupled modelling. We apply the new algorithm to simulate the sea-level changes in response to global ice-sheet evolution over two glacial cycles and the rapid collapse of marine sectors of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet in the coming centuries, providing appropriate time window profiles for each of these applications. The time window algorithm improves the total CPU time by ~50–% in each of these examples, and this improvement would increase with longer simulations than considered here. Our algorithm also allows coupling time intervals of annual temporal scale for coupled ice-sheet – sea-level modelling of regions such as the West Antarctic that are characterized by rapid solid Earth response to ice changes due to the thin lithosphere and low mantle viscosities.
Assessment of Serum Vit D and Serum Ferritin in Female Pattern Androgenic Alopecia

Introduction: Androgenic Alopecia (AGA) is a non-scarring alopecia that affects both men and women. Itis characterized by a progressive miniaturization of hair follicles with a characteristic pattern distribution ingenetically predisposed men and women.Aim of the study: To assess the level of serum ferritin and vit D3 in female pattern of androgenic alopecia.Patients and method: A prospective case control study carried out at Department of Dermatology inBaladgeneral hospital, Iraq at the period from the first of January 2019 to the end of Dec 2019.Results: serum vit D3 for patients was (22.8 ± 11.5) in case group and (34.4±5.7) in control group, whilefor S. ferritin was (35.7±5.0) in control group and (44.8±7.3) in control group. Vit D3 deficiency (<20 mg/dl) were found in 68% of patients while 30% with vit D3 insufficiency.In three grades of severity, it was found that vit D3 level in grade I was (24.2±6.9), in grade II (20.7±7.2),and in III (18.9±9.2). While for ferritin was (37.4±10.8) in grade I, (30.7±9.4) in grade II, and (25.9±12.1)in grade III.No significant differences were found between the three grades groups regarding serum vitamine D3, whilesignificant difference present among S. ferritin. The sensitivity of the vit D3 test to predict the disease were(90.9%), the specificity was excellent (95.1%), while for ferritin the sensitivity was (88.3%), the specificitywas (89.0%). Conclusion: Serum Vit D3 and Ferritin concentrations were significantly decrease in female with androgenicalopecia.
Redesigning the Central Eight: Introducing the M-PACT Six

Since their seminal work, Andrews and Bonta outlined the Central Eight assessment domains. As the landscape and utility of criminal justice assessments extended, tool developers expanded upon their initial development principles searching to further risk prediction gains. However, often overlooked in recent advancements is the foundation and usage of associated needs assessments. As a critical component of contemporary tools, particularly for youth, results of needs assessments identify and prioritize program placement. These additional tools comprise domain subscales that represent common predictors of need. Due to their latent nature, need assessment requires careful development and assessments of construct validity. While important, examinations of construct validity are seldom completed for contemporary tools, and their results rarely used for meaningful tool improvements. The current study describes the needs assessment development of the Modified Positive Achievement Change Tool (MPACT). Substantial psychometric evidence of construct validity is provided, describing the tool’s updated, six needs constructs.
Biological and Chemical control of some Tomato Fungal Diseases

In response to environmental and health concerns about the extended use of pesticides, it exists a considerable interest in finding alternative control approaches. The current study compared the antifungal activities of some biocontrol agents. Three fungal strains were isolated from infected tomato. Two belonged to genus Aspergillus and the third was Fusarium sp. Ten morphologically different bacterial strains were isolated from intact tomato roots and rhizospheric soils, they were screened for their antagonistic effects against the fungal isolates. Achromobacter xylosoxidans produced the most potent antifungal activity as indicated by the percentage of fungal weight loss recorded (equivalent to 73, 77, and 99% for Aspergillus sp. 1, Fusarium sp., and Aspergillus sp. 2, respectively). Four tested plants: Inula (Dittrichia viscosa), Onion (Allium cepa), Basillic (Ocimum basilicum), and Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) were evaluated for their antifungal activities against the isolated fungal pathogens. Inula extract exhibited the highest inhibition of fungal growth among the tested plants. The MIC values were evaluated for the tested biocontrol agents and compared with the standard antifungal chemicals: Between and Logico. In vivo study was performed. using seedlings of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The seedlings infected with the fungal pathogens using spraying technique showed severe symptoms of fungal disease, while the tomato seedlings infected with fungal pathogens and treated with the biocontrol agents (cell-free supernatant of A. xylosoxidans or Inula extract) exhibited observed reduction in the percentage of disease severity.
“It's a war! It's a battle! It's a fight!”: Do militaristic metaphors increase people's threat perceptions and support for COVID‐19 policies?

At the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic, governments around the world employed militaristic metaphors to draw attention to the dangers of the virus. But, do militaristic metaphors truly affect individuals' perceived threat of the COVID‐19 virus and increase their support for corresponding restrictive policies? This study assessed the effects of fictitious newspaper articles that described COVID‐19 policies using similarly negatively valenced metaphors but with differing militaristic connotations (e.g., “war” vs. “struggle”). Overall, data from three framing experiments (N = 1114) in Germany and the United States indicate limited evidence on the effectiveness of the tested militaristic metaphors. In the U.S. context, the non‐militaristic concept of struggle was consistently more strongly associated with the desired outcomes than militaristic metaphors were. In Studies 2 and 3, we also tested whether reporting using a narrative or straightforward facts had additional influence on the framing effect. A congruency effect of the use of a narrative and of warfare metaphors was found in the German sample, but not in that of the United States. Results of post‐experimental norming studies (N = 437) in both countries revealed that the metaphor of war is associated with people ascribing greater responsibility to their governments, whereas the concept of struggle triggers a sense of individual responsibility. These results are discussed in terms of the usefulness and appropriateness of militaristic metaphors in the context of a pandemic.
Understanding Diver Behavior on Underwater Cultural Heritage: Enriching the Observation Record Using Video Methods

Successful underwater heritage management requires a sound understanding of visitor behavior. Primary visitors to underwater heritage sites are divers whose behavior can pose risks to the integrity of site cultural heritage and tourism values. This study seeks to understand wreck diver in-water behavior. Conventional observation of diver behavior is limiting. Wearable cameras are becoming popular across many recreational activities and potentially expand the scope and quality of diver observation. Video observation is rarely used in such research. This article demonstrates the potential of video observation, describing the analysis of first-person video records to explore details of diver behavior on shipwrecks. The evidence demonstrates that while most divers behaved responsibly, a few contributed to most contact behaviors. The analysis details this behavior, identifying, for example, that deliberate holding and touching comprised most contacts. Such findings on diver behavior inform heritage and tourism management decisions and provide a baseline for future studies. Methodologically, the study demonstrates the power of this method of observing divers and other recreationists. This is particularly valuable for researching recreationalists in confined spaces, such as caves or shipwrecks. The quality of results allows for further evidence-based examination of motivations, values, intentions and meanings underlying observed diver behavior.
Public Intentions to Purchase Electric Vehicles in Pakistan

Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to lead the transition in road transportation from traditional petroleum mobility to electric mobility. Despite many environmental benefits, the market penetration rate of EVs is still low in most developing countries. Recently, Pakistan formulated its first EV policy for 2020–2025 to accelerate EV adoption. This study aims to explore the factors, including environmental concerns, perceived ease of use, effort expectancy, social influence, and perceived facilitating conditions, affecting individuals’ behavioral intentions to purchase EVs in Pakistan. The hypotheses were developed based on the literature, and an online questionnaire survey was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan, to collect the relevant data. The partial least square path modeling approach of structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis. The results confirmed that the environmental concerns, perceived ease of use, and effort expectancy positively affect the public’s intentions to use EVs in the future. However, social influence and facilitating conditions did not significantly contribute to EV adoption in the present study. The findings suggest that the EV manufacturers aiming to accelerate EV adoption should develop marketing strategies to disseminate information regarding the environmental benefits of EVs and enhance clarity about EVs’ performance and usage.
Effect of Inquiry-Based Biology Laboratory Applications on Scientific Process Skills, Attitude, Self-Efficacy and Self-Confidence

This study examined the effects of inquiry-based biology laboratory applications on pre-service biology teachers’ scientific process skills, attitudes, self-efficacy, and self-confidence in the laboratory. In this context, many related tests and scales were applied to first-year students of biology education (N=25). The research adopted the pre-test and post-test control group model. The results showed that laboratory practices based on both the corroborative and the guided inquiry approach increase the scientific process skills of the prospective teachers. Guided inquiry-based laboratory practices have increased the attitudes of pre-service biology teachers toward laboratory lessons. However, self-efficacy and self-confidence of the pre-service teachers taking part in corroborative laboratory practices increased, while guided inquiry methods did not have a significant effect on self-efficacy and self-confidence. The findings of the study highlighted the importance of a guided inquiry approach in the laboratory applications related training of pre-service biology teachers.
Disentangling the Individual and Group Effects of Masculinity Ideology on PTSD Treatment

ABSTRACT Endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology is frequently associated with interference in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, there is little empirical basis for this association. Moreover, there is increasing attention on masculinity ideology being contextual in nature, which may have important implications for our understanding of its impact on treatment. Here, we examine how the outcome of a group-based treatment for veterans with PTSD was impacted by traditional masculinity facets held at the individual level, and among other group members. Our sample consisted of (N = 255) Canadian veteran men. Results indicated that the degree of individual self-reliance and dominance attenuated positive treatment outcomes, with respect to total PTSD symptom change and PTSD-related avoidance symptoms. Self-reliance also attenuated symptom change in negative alterations in cognitions and mood and hyperarousal clusters. Other group members’ degree of masculinity did not appear to impact individual participants’ pre- to post-treatment PTSD symptom change. The R2 for significant results ranged from . 01-. 05. This study provides evidence that, within the context of group-based treatment, an individual’s endorsement of traditional masculinity ideology may impede reduction of PTSD symptomatology, but the effect of other group members’ masculinity endorsement does not.
AN ESTIMATION METHOD FOR GREENHOUSE TEMPERATURE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEM

Temperature is one of the most important plant growth parameters that should be controlled in the greenhouses. The present study was aimed to assess the thermal behavior of a greenhouse with and without the fan and pad (FP) evaporative cooling system. A method was developed to approximate the greenhouse temperature based on the mass and energy balance equations. For this purpose, both of the fan and pad evaporative cooling system, and the greenhouse were studied. The results of the theoretical analysis were compared with those achieved by the experiments. Maximum deviations of 5.32, 5.56 and 4.53oC were observed between the theoretical and experimental temperatures of the inside air, the floor and the cover of the greenhouse without the cooling system, respectively. Whereas, the mean absolute error values associated with the predicted temperatures of the greenhouse with the FP system were ranged between 1.50 and 25.67%. Based on the obtained values for the correlation coefficient, root mean square error and mean absolute magnitude error, it was concluded that the models satisfactorily predicted the temperature of the greenhouse components. An air circulation system inside the greenhouse can be proposed to maintain the lumped condition even at the high temperatures, and lead to smaller errors. The results indicated that the inside air, the floor and the cover temperature of the greenhouse reduced by respectively 20.6, 13.0 and 20.6 oC when using the FP system with the air velocity of 4.4 ms-1 and the pad thickness of 6 cm.
Calcium concentrations in the lower Columbia River, USA, are generally sufficient to support invasive bivalve spread

Dissolved calcium concentration [Ca2+] is thought to be a major factor limiting the establishment and thus the spread of invasive bivalves such as zebra (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga (Dreissena bugensis) mussels. We measured [Ca2+] in 168 water samples collected along ~100 river‐km of the lower Columbia River, USA, between June 2018 and March 2020. We found [Ca2+] to range from 13 to 18 mg L−1 during summer/fall and 5 to 22 mg L−1 during the winter/spring. Previous research indicates that [Ca2+] < 12 mg L−1 are likely to limit the establishment and spread of invasive bivalves. Thus, our results indicate that there is sufficient Ca2+ in most locations in the lower Columbia River to support the establishment of invasive dreissenid mussels, which could join the already widespread and abundant Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea) as the newest invader to an already heavily invaded Columbia River ecosystem. These new data provide important measurements from a heretofore undersampled region of the Columbia River and have important implications for the spread of invasive bivalves and, by extension, the conservation and management of native species and ecosystems.
Perceptions of Drinking Water Service of the ‘Off-Grid’ Community in Cimahi, Indonesia

The establishment of decentralized drinking water systems in urban areas is technically and financially feasible, and these ‘off-grid’ systems can complement investment in traditional piped water systems. However, users often see ‘off-grid’ systems as the second-best option, compared to citywide piped water systems. Thus, although they are designed to improve access to water and reduce inequality, they can be perceived by users as infrastructural manifestations of extant inequality. In this paper, we present original research on the perceptions of users in Cimahi, Indonesia, surrounding their access to water and willingness to use and maintain ‘off-grid’ infrastructure. The majority of respondents used groundwater and packaged water as their primary water sources, and paid approximately twice the maximum tariff of piped water service. We interpreted the survey data with the theory of planned behavior framework and determined that respondents demonstrated a willingness to pay fees for ‘off-grid’ water systems, participate in water supply programs, and switch to new water sources. These intentions were affected by their attitude towards the behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control to various degrees. The findings are useful for those designing strategies to introduce novel water delivery systems aimed at improving water access for diverse and disadvantaged socioeconomic groups in urban areas in the Global South.
DEMOCRATIC EDUCATION IN “MERDEKA BELAJAR” ERA

Educational Democracy is a view of life that prioritizes equal rights and obligations as well as an equal treatment between educators and students in the learning process. Democracy in education contains elements of independence, freedom, and responsibility. An independent attitude to develop self-confidence and to be aware of one's limitations is very important to foster awareness that life in the community requires collaboration with other individuals. Freedom is defined as a life purpose that rests on the awareness of social pluralism, not solely on the interests of individuals or groups. Therefore freedom itself must be accompanied by a sense of full responsibility. The word "Educational Democracy" is two terms which are interrelated, democratic values ​​can be understood and owned by the community through educational activities, and vice versa so that education can produce output that has an independent attitude, has a critical thinking power, dynamic, democratic character and always upholds human dignity, then the implementation of education must be based on democracy so that the concept of independence in learning will grow well.
Scoping review and concept analysis of early adolescents’ emotional skills: Towards development of a music therapy assessment tool

ABSTRACT Introduction This paper describes the concept and content of early adolescents’ emotional skills among the general population. The research literature contains many emotional skills-related terms with overlapping meanings, and it can be challenging to determine which are applicable for example, to a music therapy assessment tool. This study comprises the first phase of developing an assessment tool for early adolescents’ emotional skills, namely, determining what is to be assessed. Method A scoping review of the literature is presented with written definitions of emotional skills-related terms, as well as a concept analysis of the terms performed using Walker and Avant’s method. Results The components of early adolescents’ emotional skills are presented. Early adolescents’ emotional skills comprise several skill components as presented in the current research literature. These components help in understanding the multifaceted entirety of emotional skills. Discussion This paper presents the term emotional skills as a practical, general term that includes the content of other emotional skills-related terms. The concept analysis’ outcome, the components of early adolescents’ emotional skills, is applicable to future research as a theoretical framework for developing an assessment tool for early adolescents’ emotional skills. The components are also useful for music therapy clinicians to analyse their work with early adolescents and to communicate in detail the phenomenona related to emotional skills in therapy.