Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of under-5 child mortality rates in 52 low-migration countries

Reduction of the under-5 mortality rate is a target of the Sustainable Development Goals. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate under-5 child mortality rates in 52 low-migration countries using population data. The study utilized population data from the US Census Bureau from 1990 to 2015. The method involved first estimating mortality rates for countries with negligible net migration and then applying these rates to countries with matching mortality profiles, where it is reasonable to assume that migration is negligible for children under the age of 5 years. The highest child mortality was concentrated in the African region, followed by Asia and the Western region. However, steady progress in child mortality trends was concentrated in low-income countries. This simple method demonstrated that child mortality has significantly improved in high-income countries, followed by middle- and low-income countries. To reduce the under-5 mortality rates even further in these 52 countries, there is a need to accelerate equitable plans and policies related to child health to promote children’s longevity and survival.
A case of DENV and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in Indonesia: The challenge of a dual outbreak?

Indonesia, as the world does, is currently facing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Indonesia is a tropical, dengue virus (DENV)-endemic country where year-long cases of DENV occur, particularly in the rainy season. Thus, the country is on the brink of facing the “dual outbreak” of COVID-19 and dengue fever (DF). We report a case of coinfection between SARS-CoV-2 and DENV in a 39-year-old man initially diagnosed with DENV infection and with no suspicion of COVID-19, who later developed respiratory symptoms. Further tests confirmed the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the patient was finally diagnosed with COVID-19 and DF coinfection. As both viruses may possess similar clinical and laboratory profiles at the time of presentation, it is important to recognize the clues of single and coinfection by the two viruses to ensure timely management, particularly in patients with COVID-19.
Quantitative Studies on Resistance to Stripe and Stem Rust Diseases and on Grain Yield of Bread Wheat

This work was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt, during the three growing seasons 2013/14, 2014/15 and 2015/16, to estimate types of gene action controlling the inheritance of wheat resistance to stripe and stem rust diseases as well as to study the inheritance of grain yield character. Genetic materials used in this study included six populations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) of two bread wheat crosses namely, (Sakha 95 X Shandaweel 1) and (Sakha 95 X Sids 13). Results revealed that additive (a) was higher in magnitude than dominance (d) variance for all charcters. The most predominant type of epistasis was additive X additive (aa) for both diseases; stripe and stem rust resistance. The values calculated for heritability in broad sense were high, while for narrow sense heritability values were moderate to relatively high for the two crosses in all studied characters. Both crosses are promising and higher in magnitude, which had high genetic advance associated with high heritability estimates were detected. Therefore, these two crosses would be useful in breeding programs for improving the studied characters.
‘I've never given it a thought’: older men's experiences with and perceptions of ageism during interactions with physicians

Abstract The subjective experience of ageism among older men has received little research attention. This study examines older Canadian men's experiences with and perceptions of ageism during interactions with physicians. In-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 21 men aged 55 years and over. The findings indicate a seeming lack of awareness of ageism among many, and many did not believe ageism was likely to occur during patient–physician interaction. Negative stereotyping of older patients was common. A large majority of the participants reported that they had not personally experienced ageism during a medical encounter, nor were they concerned about it. Numerous rationales were proffered as explanations of why a particular participant had not experienced ageism and who was more likely to be a target.
Cocrystals of Caffeine and Hydroxybenzoic Acids Composed of Multiple Supramolecular Heterosynthons: Screening via Solution-Mediated Phase Transformation and Structural Characterization

Caffeine, a pharmaceutical model compound, generally forms cocrystals with carboxylic acids that involve an O−H···N hydrogen bond between the carboxylic acid group of the acid and the caffeine imidazole moiety. Such solids are typically based on a single heterosynthon. To examine the facility of introducing additional supramolecular heterosynthons to the caffeine-carboxylic-acid cocrystal system, structural isomers of aromatic carboxylic acids (i.e., hydroxy- and dihydroxybenzoic acids) with additional hydrogen-bonding functional groups (i.e., hydroxy group) were screened for cocrystal formation. For this purpose, a highly efficient screening method based on thermodynamically driven solution-mediated phase transformation was utilized. This method enabled the rapid discovery of nine new solid phases involving caffeine. These caffeine phases were identified using single-crystal X-ray diffraction and FT-IR spectroscopy as cocrystals based on 2-, 3-, 4-hydroxybenzoic- and 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 3,4-, and 3,5-dihyd.
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Senicio gallicus Chaix Growing Wild in Iran

Abstract The present report deals with identification and quantification of essential oil obtained from aerial parts of Senicio gallicus Chaix as a growing wild in Semnan province (Iran). The volatile oil was analyzed by a GC and a GC-MS instrument. Twenty three components were identified constituting 96.2 % of the oil. The main components of the oil were β-phellandrene (12.2 %), apinene (9.8 %), germacrene-D (9.8 %), myrcene (8.2 %), α-copaene (8.1 %), sabinene (7.2 %), (Z)-β-ocimene (7.0 %), β-caryophyllene (6.8 %), p-cymene (6.4 %), β-pinene (4.2 %), α phellandrene (3.8 %), α-terpinolene (3.3 %), (E)-β-ocimene (1.7 %), α-humulene (1.6 %), azingiberene (1.5 %) and caryophyllene oxide (1.0 %).
A characterisation and radiation resistance study of a mixed-modifier borosilicate glass for HLW vitrification

The short-range structural order, in glasses from the technologically important Na20-LhO-B203-Si02 system, is investigated using NMR and thermophysical techniques. The change in the populations of tetrahedrally coordinated borate units and various trigonal borate units is deduced from llB NMR and compared with the most widely accepted, NMR based, structural model of Dell, Bray and Xiao 1. Differences from the model are discussed and substantiated with results obtained from 29Si NMR. Structure sensitive properties such as density, glass transition temperature and thermal expansion coefficient are reported across a wide range of modifier concentrations. This information is then related to and compared with the structural arrangements obtained from NMR studies of less complex systems. An empirical density modee·3 designed for the single-modifier borosilicate systems has been used to gain information regarding the structural arrangements in the current system. Investigation of specific, carefully controlled, compositional changes to the current HL W vitrification glass, MW, has been carried out. The effect of 8 20 3 concentration on the chemical durability of glasses from this system has been studied using dynamic leach tests. In addition, the role of La203, a waste simulant, has been investigated using similar analytical methods, and suggestions as to its primary function in the glass have been discussed. Finally, a preliminary study of the interaction of several compositions, related to MW, with high-energy a-particles and UV -radiation, has been pursued. The presence of radiation induced structural and physical changes has been probed using ESR and 'Y-ray spectroscopy, enabling suggestions for the types of defects produced and nuclear reactions taking place to be made. 1 W. J. Dell, P. J. Bray & S. Z. Xiao, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 58 (1983) p.l 2 D. Feil and S. Feller, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 119 (1990) p.l03 3 K. Budhwani & S. Feller, Phys. Chem. Glasses 36 (4) (1995) p.183
The omics of channelopathies and cardiomyopathies: what we know and how they are useful

Abstract Sudden cardiac death results from arrhythmias commonly caused by channelopathies and cardiomyopathies, often due to several genetic factors. An emerging concept is that these disease states may in fact overlap, with variants in traditionally classified ‘cardiomyopathy genes’ resulting in ‘channelopathies phenotypes’. Another important concept is the influence of both genetic and non-genetic factors in disease expression, leading to the utilization of systems biology approaches, such as genomics/epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and glycomics, to understand the disease severity and progression and to determine the prognosis and the best course of treatment. In fact, our group has discovered significant differences in metabolites, proteins, and lipids between controls and Brugada syndrome patients. Omics approaches are useful in overcoming the dogma that both channelopathies and cardiomyopathies exist as Mendelian disorders (caused by a mutation in a single gene). This shift in understanding could lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Effect of continuous adoption of conservation agriculture management practices on soil chemical properties under soybean in Vertisol

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2018/19 on farmer’s field in three villages of Barshi takali tehsil under Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Dr. PDKV, Akola (MS). The experiment consisted of ten treatments in randomized block design replicated thrice were each farmer has been treated as single treatment and each sample taken from a treatments has been treated as one replication. The soil of experimental site was Vertisol belonging to fine, smectitic, hyperthermic, Typic Haplusterts. It was calcareous in nature and moderately alkaline in reaction. The fertility status of the soil indicates that the soil was moderate in organic carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus and very high in available potassium. Result revealed that the lower value of pH (7.77), higher value of EC (0.35 dS m ), highest value of organic carbon content (7.80 g kg), and lowest value of calcium carbonate content (7.63%) was recorded in T1 where, conservation agriculture management practices were followed since last 15 years. The highest value of available nitrogen (225.38 kg ha), available phosphorus (23.81 kg ha ), available potassium (419.70 kg ha) and available sulphur (12.00 kg ha) were recorded in T1 where, conservation agriculture management practices were followed since last 15 years.
Concentration of Nitric Acid Using the Salt Effect on Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Nitric Acid-Water Systems with Low Concentrations of Nitric Acid

共沸混合物に不揮発性の塩を添加すると気－液平衡関係が変化して，相対揮発度に大きな影響をあたえる現象は，気－液平衡関係に及ぼす塩効果として広く知られている．硝酸－水系は共沸混合物であり，通常の蒸留操作では濃縮が不可能である．本研究では，半導体製造工程や金属表面処理工程から排出される硝酸廃液からの硝酸の回収を目的として，硝酸－水系の定圧気－液平衡関係に及ぼす硝酸塩の添加効果を，この溶液の共沸組成（x=0–40 mol%）範囲で測定した．添加する塩はこれまで報告例（Ohe and Yokoyama, 1969）が少ない硝酸アルミニウム，硝酸マグネシウム，硝酸カルシウム，硝酸リチウムおよび硝酸ナトリウムなどの硝酸塩を用いた．いずれの硝酸塩を用いた場合も，気相中の硝酸濃度が増加する塩析効果を示し，塩を全溶液重量の30–50 wt%添加することにより，共沸点を消滅させることが可能であった．このことにより，低濃度硝酸廃液（共沸点以下の組成）からの蒸留による硝酸分離が可能となった．実験では，硝酸リチウムを50 wt%添加して希薄な硝酸水溶液から硝酸の蒸留分離および硝酸の濃縮について試験した結果，濃度5 mol/dm3の硝酸水溶液から約14 mol/dm3以上（収率72. 2%）まで濃縮することが可能であった．
The anticipatory psychological contract of management graduates: Validating a psychological contract expectations questionnaire

Background: It was proposed that if we assess an individual's mental schema, it may facilitate a better understanding of the psychological contract formation process. This will add a theoretical contribution to the anticipatory psychological contract research, as it will enhance our understanding of the specific terms of the psychological contract, which are only present during the organisation entry phase. Aim: We aimed at developing and validating an instrument to measure the psychological contract expectation of university graduate labour market entrees. This information could enhance our knowledge of both the anticipatory psychological contract and psychological contract development. Setting: The research was conducted on third-year students from two different campuses of a South African university. The sample consisted of a total of 316 participants. Methods: We used an exploratory quantitative research approach to measure prospective employees' anticipatory psychological contract. The newly developed Psychological Contract Expectations Questionnaire (PCEQ) was administered and analysed. Results: Results indicated that some of the instruments within the PCEQ are reliable and valid to measure the anticipatory psychological contract of graduates. The descriptive statistics and correlation coefficient results clearly enhanced our understanding of how the anticipatory psychological contract works. Conclusion: Our research contributes to anticipatory psychological contract research by introducing the PCEQ questionnaire to effectively measure the anticipatory obligations, anticipatory expectations, entitlement and anticipatory state of the psychological contract of prospective employees' mental schema.
EXAMINING THE FINANCE- GROWTH NEXUS IN CAMEROON USING COINTEGRATION APPROACH

Purpose: This study explores the empirical relationship between growth rate of real GDP and financial development using Cameroons time series data spanning from 1978 to 2017. Methodology: After shedding light to the evolution of financial development in Cameroon and exploring some relevant literature, the study assesses the finance-growth linkages in Cameroon by specifying and estimating the long run and short run functions for financial development using cointegration and Error Correction modeling (ECM) techniques in addition to Engle and Granger causality testing. Findings: Growth of real GDP used in this paper to capture economic growth was reported to have a positive and highly significant relationship with the variable for financial development and the relation was more significant in the short run than in the long run after controlling for other variables. Bidirectional causality was also noticed between the two set of variables. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Results of this paper suggests that financial sector of Cameroon can efficiently allocate credit to the private sector as an indicator of financial development by stimulating economic activities with the aim of raising gross domestic product of the country in both short and long run. Keywords: Economic growth, financial development, cointegration, Cameroon
Laboratory Findings from 100 Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia in Madinah, Saudi Arabia

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly. The purpose of this study is to explore high risk patients and guiding future management and summarize the results of routine laboratory testing of asymptomatic, mild to moderate, severe and critical COVID-19 in order to define practical indicators for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. A total of 100 confirmed COVID-19 patients from Madinah city, Saudi Arabia, hospitalized between March to June, 2020 were included, and categorized into asymptomatic, mild to moderate, severe and critically ill patients. Fasting blood samples were withdrawn from all patients for estimation of complete blood count, coagulation profile, biochemistry and serology. Patients were grouped on the basis of the interval between symptom onset: group 1 (asymptomatic), group 2 (mild to moderate), group 3 (severe), and group 4 (critical). Laboratory features and their distribution were analysed and compared across the four groups. Combining assessment of clinical and laboratory findings could facilitate early diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Median age was 51 years old and 85% of the patients were men. Overall, all patients were admitted to hospitals and 42% required ICU treatment. The majority of patients (29%) were diagnosed with mild to moderate disease, 28% of patients were critical, 26% of patients were Original Research Article Ziab; MRJI, 30(8): 94-103, 2020; Article no.MRJI. 60436 95 severe and 17% of patients were asymptomatic. The comparison COVID-19 patients’ four parameters, using Kusakal-Wallis test, showed a significant difference in the levels of lymphocytes, ESR, PT, INR, d-dimer, CK, BUN and ferritin (P <0.05). C-reactive protein greater than 2.97 (0.849.18; p<0.0001). The potential risk factors of older age, lymphopenia, d-dimer greater than 1μg/mL and ferritin greater than 500ng/mL could help physicians to identify patients with a poor prognosis at an early stage.
Placental thickness as a sonographic biomarker for gestational age among singleton pregnancies

Gestational age estimation plays a trivial role in evaluation of fetal growth, risk assessment of fetal anomalies, interpreting various parameters related to gestation and aids the obstetrician in undertaking appropriate interventions to minimize pregnancy complications. Placental size or thickness serves as an important predictor of fetal growth and it has been shown to vary in concordance with varied perinatal outcomes. Previous studies have documented that small placentas are associated with chromosomal abnormalities, preeclampsia, maternal diabetes mellitus, infections and intrauterine growth restriction and thicker placentas at term were associated with hydrops fetalis, diabetes mellitus and perinatal infections. Placental thickness is an easy to measure parameter and has shown consistent variation with the gestational age. This study aims at ABSTRACT
The influence of honey enrichment with bee pollen or bee bread on the content of selected mineral components in multifloral honey

Bee products, such as honey, pollen, and bee bread, are an excellent source of bioactive ingredients, including minerals, having a health-supporting effect. However, due to the specific sensory properties of bee pollen and bee bread, the best way to include them in a diet is to add them to honey. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the influence of the added bee pollen or bee bread on selected minerals content in multifloral honey. The mineral content was analyzed using absorption atomic spectrometry (FAAS) with prior dry mineralization. On the basis of obtained results, it was found that the addition of bee pollen or bee bread to honey significantly influences the content of selected macroand microelements, excluding sodium. The greatest increase in mineral content was observed for magnesium, iron, and zinc. Enrichment of honey with the highest dose of bee pollen or bee bread resulted in an over 20-fold increase in the Mg and Fe content, and an over 14-fold increase in the Zn content. Honey enriched with the maximum addition of bee pollen was characterized by a higher content of K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Cu compared to honey with bee bread. Due to a fact that both bee pollen and bee bread are good sources of minerals, their addition to honey significantly increases its ability to cover daily demand for macroand microelements.
Exploring Forms of Communication for Disseminating Career Guidance Services to Potential University Students

Making career choices is crucial to students in all endeavours. However, such decision seems to be difficult and problematic for many students. The reason for such difficulty can be attributed to the way and manner career choices are communicated to students, consequently, this has affected the enthusiasm, learning abilities and academic performances of students. Hence, this study explored various forms of communication for disseminating career guidance services to potential university students. Quantitative method was adopted for the study. Purposive and random sampling was employed in selecting two South African universities and the respondents of the study respectively. The study sample was 374 first year students. A self-designed questionnaire was administered to the selected respondents. The collected data were analysed using Moonstat. The findings of the study following the analysed data show that friends, internet, career seminars, career workshops, university open day, television are various ways by which career information is being communicated to students in the two selected South African universities. However, radio, newspaper and SMS are other media that can be explored. The study recommends amongst others that universities should advertise their courses through various forms of communication to the potential, prospective university students so as to reduce doubts and transfer from one course to another in their first year of study. This is envisaged to help students overcome their challenges in making career choices, consequently, enhance their learning abilities and academic performances.
English and Japanese Inner Aspect

The aim of the current paper is to revisit the topic of Inner Aspect, and explore it from two vantage points, taking both English and Japanese data into account. We will rely on Vendler’s classification of verbs, and use it so as to see whether the verb classes he introduced for English can also account for Japanese verbs. To do this, we will make use of a number of tests that Vendler as well as other authors have suggested. We will see that not all verbs can pass these tests, and that sometimes, in order for a verb to pass them, we have to entertain specific scenarios to allow them to do so. Lastly, we will turn our attention to the Japanese morpheme -te iru (the counterpart of the English -ing) and explore a specific interpretation that this morpheme allows in Japanese, interpretation which cannot be found in English: the state-result interpretation. The paper concludes with the argument that because the state-result reading is not available in English, then -ing morphology is appears to not be compatible with two verb classes: activities and achievements.
Antibacterial Activities of the Extracts of Allium sativum (Garlic) and Allium cepa (Onion) Against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria

Although many antibiotics have been developed against bacterial diseases, the problems of antibiotic resistance and toxicity have made the continuous search for newer drugs an existential necessity. This study determined the phytochemical components and antibacterial activities of Allium sativum and Allium cepa against Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. The antibacterial activities of the aqueous, ethanol and acetone extracts of both plants at different concentrations were determined against all the test organisms using agar well diffusion method. All the extracts were found to contain important phytochemicals such as saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phlabotannins and anthraquinones. Ethanol, acetone and aqueous extracts of Allium sativum showed maximum activities against S. aureus (21.2 ± 0.2-28.1 ± 0.2 mm), S. pneumoniae (16.8 ± 0.4-20.8 ± 0.4 mm) and S. aureus (15.5 ± 0.5–22.8 ± 1.1 mm) respectively. Ethanol, aqueous, and acetone extract of Allium cepa showed maximum activity against E. coli (19.1 ± 0.1–28.7 ± 0.3 mm), K. pneumoniae (16.4 ± 0.2–21.2 ± 0.5 mm) and E. coli (19.7 ± 0.7–26.0 ± 0.0 mm), respectively. All extracts of both plants showed varying minimum inhibitory concentrations which ranged between 10 and 20 mg/mL against the test bacteria. This study has established that the extracts of Allium species have antibacterial activities against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Allium sativum; Allium cepa; Extract; Phytochemicals