Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Class of Goodness-of-fit Tests Based on Transformation

There is an increasing number of goodness-of-fit tests whose test statistics measure deviations between the empirical characteristic function and an estimated characteristic function of the distribution in the null hypothesis. With the aim of overcoming certain computational difficulties with the calculation of some of these test statistics, a transformation of the data is considered. To apply such a transformation, the data are assumed to be continuous with arbitrary dimension, but we also provide a modification for discrete random vectors. Practical considerations leading to analytic formulas for the test statistics are studied, as well as theoretical properties such as the asymptotic null distribution, validity of the corresponding bootstrap approximation, and consistency of the test against fixed alternatives. Five applications are provided in order to illustrate the theory. These applications also include numerical comparison with other existing techniques for testing goodness-of-fit.
Mobile satellite system fade statistics for shadowing and multipath from roadside trees at UHF and L-band

Field tests related to planned mobile satellite systems (MSS) were performed, and results that add to the existing database of propagation measurements at L-band (1.5 GHz) are described. They are considered particularly useful in that propagation effects were studied systematically with repeated and controlled runs pertaining to different path elevation angles, road types, and path geometries defining shadowing and line-of-sight modes. In addition, simultaneous L-band and UHF measurements were performed for the purpose of establishing scaling factors applicable to previous UHF (870 MHz) results. The control of the experimental parameters was made possible by using a helicopter as the source platform and a mobile van which housed the receiver. >
The Evolution and Role of the Saharan Air Layer during Hurricane Helene (2006)

AbstractThe Saharan air layer (SAL) has received considerable attention in recent years as a potential negative influence on the formation and development of Atlantic tropical cyclones. Observations of substantial Saharan dust in the near environment of Hurricane Helene (2006) during the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Activities (AMMA) Experiment (NAMMA) field campaign led to suggestions about the suppressing influence of the SAL in this case. In this study, a suite of satellite remote sensing data, global meteorological analyses, and airborne data are used to characterize the evolution of the SAL in the environment of Helene and assess its possible impact on the intensity of the storm. The influence of the SAL on Helene appears to be limited to the earliest stages of development, although the magnitude of that impact is difficult to determine observationally. Saharan dust was observed on the periphery of the storm during the first two days of develo.
A social identity approach to COVID‐19 transmission in hospital settings

Abstract The COVID‐19 pandemic poses a substantial risk of disease spread among healthcare workers (HCWs), making it important to understand what impacts perceived risk of COVID‐19 spread in hospital settings and what causes HCWs to mitigate COVID‐19 spread by following COVID‐19 safety measures. One determinant of risk perception and safe behaviors is the influence of seeing others as group members. The current study aims to (a) evaluate how social identification as an HCW and trust in co‐workers may influence perceived risk of COVID‐19 spread and (b) explore how communication transparency, trust in leaders, and identity leadership are associated with self‐reported adherence to COVID‐19 safety guidance. Using a correlational design, HCWs of a Scottish hospital were invited to participate in an online questionnaire measuring their perceptions of risk of COVID‐19 transmission, measures of social identification as an HCW, perception of leaders as members of the team, trust in co‐workers to follow the COVID‐19 guidelines and perception of leaders to manage COVID‐19 prevention effectively. Results showed that increased trust in co‐workers was associated with reduced risk perception of COVID‐19 transmission. Perceptions of transparent communication about COVID‐19 were found to be associated with increased adherence to COVID‐19 safety guidelines. Findings show the importance of the association between social identity processes and reduced risk perception and highlight the relationship between transparent communication strategies and self‐reported adherence to COVID‐19 guidelines, identity leadership, and trust in leaders to manage COVID‐19 appropriately.
Of trolleys and self-driving cars: What machine ethicists can and cannot learn from trolleyology

Crashes involving self-driving cars at least superficially resemble trolley dilemmas. This article discusses what lessons machine ethicists working on the ethics of self-driving cars can learn from trolleyology. The article proceeds by providing an account of the trolley problem as a paradox and by distinguishing two types of solutions to the trolley problem. According to an optimistic solution, our case intuitions about trolley dilemmas are responding to morally relevant differences. The pessimistic solution denies that this is the case. An optimistic solution would yield first-order moral insights for the ethics of self-driving cars, but such a solution is difficult to come by. More plausible is the pessimistic solution, and it teaches us a methodological lesson. The lesson is that machine ethicists should discount case intuitions and instead rely on intuitions and judgments at a higher level of generality.
Replica symmetry breaking in the spin-glass model on lattices with finite connectivity: Application to graph partitioning.

Cette methode generalise le schema de Parisi au cas des parametres de plusieurs ordres. On realise un developpement systematique en puissances inverses de la connectivite (M+1). Aux temperatures finies, le developpement est en puissance 1/M, et a temperature nulle en puissances 1/√M. Les resultats obtenus a temperature nulle s'appliquent au probleme de la bipartition de graphes et sont compares aux donnees provenant d'une simulation numerique
Hurwitz Generation of PSp 6(q)

We show that the symplectic groups PSp6(q) are Hurwitz for all q = p m ≥ 5, with p an odd prime. The result cannot be improved since, for q even and q = 3, it is known that PSp6(q) is not Hurwitz. In particular, n = 6 turns out to be the smallest degree for which a family of classical simple groups of degree n, over 𝔽 p m , contains Hurwitz groups for infinitely many values of m. This fact, for a given (possibly large) p, also follows from [9] and [10].
Real zeros of Artin L‐functions corresponding to five‐dimensional S5‐representations

We build on a recent result of Calegari regarding S5 Artin representations by giving concrete examples of five‐dimensional representations that satisfy the additional conditions necessary to prove their modularity. We do so via the Explicit Formula for the corresponding Artin L‐functions and a method to choose an appropriate test function to use in order to optimize the computational time necessary.
On the Well-Posedness of Pocklington's Equation for a Straight Wire Antenna and Convergence of Numerical Solutions

In this paper we describe some recent mathematical results concerning Pocklington's integro-differential equation for the current induced on a straight, thin wire by an incident harmonic electromagnetic field. These results show that this equation is well-posed in suitable function spaces and describe the continuity and smoothness properties of the solution compared with the incident field. We also describe some new rigorous convergence results for a simple Galerkin type numerical solution method for the equation.
Optimal Endoreversible Heat Engines with Polytropic Branches

Endoreversible engine cycles with two adiabatic and two heat transfer branches are in-vestigated and optimized for maximum work output. The heat transfer branches are described as general polytropic processes which include common standard branches, like isotherms, isobars and isometrics, as special cases. The study considers the finite heat capacity of the working fluid and the finite-time character of the heat transfer processes, determines the optimal allocation of branch times, and derives analytic expressions for the maximized work output. The efficiency at maximum work is found to coincide with the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency for endoreversible Carnot engines and does not depend on design parameters of the engine if the degree of the polytropic processes is equal in both heat transfer branches.
Detection of Colistin Sulfate on Piglet Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome Alterations

Simple Summary The gut microbiome plays important roles in maintaining host health. Overuse of antibiotics could cause microbial resistance and host intestinal flora dysfunction, contributing to serious disease. Colistin is widely used as a feed additive to enhance swine growth and the phenomenon of colistin resistance has been widely reported. Therefore, in this study we wanted to evaluate the effect of colistin on the gastrointestinal tract microbiome composition in piglets. Our results demonstrated that colistin could change the gastrointestinal tract microbiome composition of piglets, which provides us with a new strategy for rational utilization of colistin to protect animal and human health. Abstract The gut microbiome exerts important functions on host health maintenance, whereas excessive antibiotic use may cause gut flora dysfunction resulting in serious disease and dysbiosis. Colistin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with serious resistance phenomena. However, it is unclear whether colistin alters the gastrointestinal tract microbiome in piglets. In this study, 16s rDNA-based metagenome analyses were used to assess the effects of colistin on the modification of the piglet microbiome in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, cecum, and feces. Both α- and β-diversity indices showed that colistin modified microbiome composition in these gastrointestinal areas. In addition, colistin influenced microbiome composition at the phylum and genus levels. At the species level, colistin upregulated Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Lactobacillus agilis, Weissella paramesenteroides, and Lactobacillus salivarius abundance, but downregulated Actinobacillus indolicus, Campylobacter fetus, Glaesserella parasuis, Moraxella pluranimalium, Veillonella caviae, Neisseria dentiae, and Prevotella disiens abundance in stomachs. Colistin-fed piglets showed an increased abundance of Lactobacillus mucosae, Megasphaera elsdenii DSM 20460, Fibrobacter intestinalis, and Unidentified rumen bacterium 12-7, but Megamonas funiformis, Uncultured Enterobacteriaceae bacterium, Actinobacillus porcinus, Uncultured Bacteroidales bacterium, and Uncultured Clostridiaceae bacterium abundance was decreased in the cecum. In feces, colistin promoted Mucispirillum schaedleri, Treponema berlinense, Veillonella magna, Veillonella caviae, and Actinobacillus porcinus abundance when compared with controls. Taken together, colistin modified the microbiome composition of gastrointestinal areas in piglets. This study provides new clinical rationalization strategies for colistin on the maintenance of animal gut balance and human public health.
DISAGGREGATED TRADE OPENNESS ON SHADOW ECONOMY IN NIGERIA: DOES INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY MATTER?

Introduction: It is likely that enterprises and entrepreneurs will be encouraged to engage in the formal sector as economies integrate more fully into the global economy. Thus, we begin our investigation by looking at the relationship between Nigeria's shadow economy and disaggregated trade openness. Based on Nigeria's inadequate institutional quality, our second purpose is to conduct further research on the role institutional quality plays in moderating the relationship between its shadow economy and disaggregated trade openness between 1991 and 2018. Methods: The fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and Granger causality methods are used in this paper to investigate the nexus and causal effect in time-series analysis. Results: The coefficients of institutional quality, import-to-GDP ratio, government expenditure, and financial development all have an adverse impact on Nigeria's shadow economy. The inflation proxy with the consumer price index, economic growth, and the export-to-GDP ratio all improve Nigeria's shadow economy. The findings of interaction between the import-export ratio and the quality of institutions positively affect the Nigerian shadow economy. The pairwise Granger causality exercise comes after the regression analysis. Conclusion and suggestion: The study concludes that the size of Nigeria's shadow economy is influenced by institutional quality, import trade, government expenditures, and financial development. Similarly, we find no causal relationship between disaggregated trade openness in Nigeria and institutional quality. As a result, policymakers and the country's government must act quickly and decisively to reduce the impact of informal activities on the country's economy.
Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Penduduk, Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja, dan Rasio Beban Ketergantungan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Provinsi Jambi

This research is called population growth, labor force participation rate, and dependency ratio to economic growth of Jambi Province. The purpose of this study was to analyze population growth, labor force participation rate, and load ratio to economic growth of Jambi Province. Analytical methods used are qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. By using data analysis regression data processing tool is done by using Microsoft Excel and Eviews Software program. In addition, the results indicate that the independent variables have a significant influence on economic growth, while in most indicates that population growth is very significant to economic growth, while the LFPR and dependency ratio is not significant to the economic growth of the district and city in Jambi Province.
Finding the Number of Clusters in a Dataset

One of the most difficult problems in cluster analysis is identifying the number of groups in a dataset. Most previously suggested approaches to this problem are either somewhat ad hoc or require parametric assumptions and complicated calculations. In this article we develop a simple, yet powerful nonparametric method for choosing the number of clusters based on distortion, a quantity that measures the average distance, per dimension, between each observation and its closest cluster center. Our technique is computationally efficient and straightforward to implement. We demonstrate empirically its effectiveness, not only for choosing the number of clusters, but also for identifying underlying structure, on a wide range of simulated and real world datasets. In addition, we give a rigorous theoretical justification for the method based on information-theoretic ideas. Specifically, results from the subfield of electrical engineering known as rate distortion theory allow us to describe the behavior of the distortion in both the presence and absence of clustering. Finally, we note that these ideas potentially can be extended to a wide range of other statistical model selection problems.
Enhancement of Partial Discharge Resistant Characteristics of XLPE Nanocomposites Using Plasma Treatment Technique

Polymer nanocomposites are well-known for their superior insulation properties over the existing polymer insulating material due to the existence of nanoparticles. However, the agglomeration of the nanoparticles within the polymer matrix is the main factor that restricts the enhancement of insulation characteristics because the nonuniform dispersion of nanoparticles reduces the interfacial area and creates weak polymer-nanofiller interfacial bonds. Thus, the main contribution of this work is conducting a comprehensive technique of nanoparticle surface modification using atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) to improve the surface compatibility between nanoparticles and polymer matrix, consequently enhancing insulation properties. In this study, the APP with the homogeneous and stable discharge was used in treating the surface of silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles to enhance its compatibility with cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) matrices. In comparison with unfilled XLPE, the most effective formulation of XLPE nanocomposites was shown by the sample with 3 wt% of plasma-treated SiO2 nanoparticles with a reduction of partial discharge (PD) magnitude up to 62.85% and the reduction of PD numbers up to 26.70%. Plasma has proven to be a comprehensive technique to improve the PD resistance of XLPE nanocomposites by exciting the formation of more substantial interfacial regions through forming interfacial bonds and reducing the size and number of agglomerated clusters.
Comparing the Efficiency of Single-Locus Species Delimitation Methods within Trochoidea (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda)

In the context of diminishing global biodiversity, the validity and practicality of species delimitation methods for the identification of many neglected and undescribed biodiverse species have been paid increasing attention. DNA sequence-based species delimitation methods are mainly classified into two categories, namely, distance-based and tree-based methods, and have been widely adopted in many studies. In the present study, we performed three distance-based (ad hoc threshold, ABGD, and ASAP) and four tree-based (sGMYC, mGMYC, PTP, and mPTP) analyses based on Trochoidea COI data and analyzed the discordance between them. Moreover, we also observed the performance of these methods at different taxonomic ranks (the genus, subfamily, and family ranks). The results suggested that the distance-based approach is generally superior to the tree-based approach, with the ASAP method being the most efficient. In terms of phylogenetic methods, the single threshold version performed better than the multiple threshold version of GMYC, and PTP showed higher efficiency than mPTP in delimiting species. Additionally, GMYC was found to be significantly influenced by taxonomic rank, showing poorer efficiency in datasets at the genus level than at higher levels. Finally, our results highlighted that cryptic diversity within Trochoidea (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda) might be underestimated, which provides quantitative evidence for excavating the cryptic lineages of these species.
Resonant nanometric cross-shaped apertures: Single apertures versus periodic arrays

Here localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonances occurring inside cross-shaped apertures arranged in thin metallic films are investigated. It is shown that these resonances can be controlled by altering the geometry of the apertures, whereas surface plasmon polariton excitation and Wood anomalies arising as a consequence of the periodicity distorts the spectrum produced by isolated LSP resonances. Simulations showing the behavior of single apertures versus periodic arrays of apertures are compared with experimental results for periodic arrays.
Percent Body Fat-Related Disparities of Serum Ferritin on the Risk of Lipid Metabolism Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents

Objective: This study examined the association between serum ferritin and dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with different degrees of obesity. Method: In this multi-stage, stratified, randomized, sampling cross-section cohort study, demographic data were collected by questionnaire from 4320 children and adolescents (aged 6–17 years) in Shanghai, China. Anthropometric measures and percent body fat (PBF) were recorded. Serum lipid parameters were detected by an automatic biochemical method, and ferritin levels were measured by an automatic immunoassay. Results: Our results showed 70.6%, 13.9%, and 15.5% of participants had a healthy body fat, low fat, and overweight/obese, respectively. Increasing ferritin quartiles were independently associated with a greater hazard of dyslipidemia, especially in overweight/obese participants, and the OR (95% CI) was 3.01 (1.29–7.00), 3.58 (1.59–8.04), and 5.66 (2.57–12.46) across the ferritin quartiles after adjustment for confounders. Ferritin was only a predictive value for dyslipidemia in overweight/obese participants (AUC = 0.64) and was consistent in boys (AUC = 0.61) and girls (AUC = 0.68). The significant positive correlation between ferritin value and lipid abnormalities profiles (except for low HDL-C) mainly appeared in the overweight/obesity group. Conclusion: The results showed that serum ferritin can be considered an independent risk factor for dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with obesity. Highlights: Ferritin overload had a greater risk of dyslipidemia, especially in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity.
Longitudinal Surveillance of Fetal Heart Failure Using Speckle Tracking Analysis

Long-term monitoring of a fetus with heart failure is an undeniable challenge for prenatal cardiology. Echocardiography is constrained by many fetal and maternal factors, and it is difficult to maintain the reproducibility of the measured and analyzed parameters. In our study, we presented the possibilities of using modern speckle tracking technology in combination with standard echocardiography parameters that may be insufficient or less sensitive in the context of monitoring life-threatening fetal conditions. Our analysis shows the superiority of the parameters used to assess fetal cardiac architecture, such as the GSI Global sphericity Index, and fetal cardiac function, such as the FAC fractional area change and the EF ejection fraction, which temporal change may indicate a worsening condition of the fetus with heart failure. The significant increase in the parameters of fetal heart size in speckle tracking allows for an improved echocardiographic diagnosis and monitoring of the fetus with heart failure and the prognostic conclusions about the clinical condition after birth. Significant decreases in FAC for the left and right ventricles and EF for the left ventricle may indicate an unfavourable prognosis for the monitored fetus due to heart failure.