Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A PV view of zonal flow vacillation

Abstract It is suggested here that the zonal flow vacillation of the Southern Hemisphere is caused by a mutual interaction between the barotropic shear of the zonal flow and the evolution of baroclinic eddies during the later stages of their lifecycle. An index of the zonal wind anomaly difference between 40° and 60°S is defined for a 13-yr record of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses. Periods are selected during which the zonal flow is at the extremes of its characteristic vacillation, which are distinguished by a broad westerly jet with minor maxima near 30° and 60°S and a narrower jet peaked near 40°S. The narrower 40°S jet has stronger cyclonic shear across the baroclinic zone. These changes are accompanied by shifts in poleward eddy momentum flux on the 500-hPa surface and potential vorticity fluxes on the theta surfaces that lie in the midtroposphere, which are both consistent with the maintenance of the zonal wind anomalies against friction. Series of synoptic maps .
Gemfibrozil-Induced Intracellular Triglyceride Increase in SH-SY5Y, HEK and Calu-3 Cells

Gemfibrozil is a drug that has been used for over 40 years to lower triglycerides in blood. As a ligand for peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), which is expressed in many tissues, it induces the transcription of numerous genes for carbohydrate and lipid-metabolism. However, nothing is known about how intracellular lipid-homeostasis and, in particular, triglycerides are affected. As triglycerides are stored in lipid-droplets, which are known to be associated with many diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, fatty liver disease and type-2 diabetes, treatment with gemfibrozil could adversely affect these diseases. To address the question whether gemfibrozil also affects intracellular lipid-levels, SH-SY5Y, HEK and Calu-3 cells, representing three different metabolically active organs (brain, lung and kidney), were incubated with gemfibrozil and subsequently analyzed semi-quantitatively by mass-spectrometry. Importantly, all cells showed a strong increase in intracellular triglycerides (SH-SY5Y: 170.3%; HEK: 272.1%; Calu-3: 448.1%), suggesting that the decreased triglyceride-levels might be due to an enhanced cellular uptake. Besides the common intracellular triglyceride increase, a cell-line specific alteration in acylcarnitines are found, suggesting that especially in neuronal cell lines gemfibrozil increases the transport of fatty acids to mitochondria and therefore increases the turnover of fatty acids for the benefit of additional energy supply, which could be important in diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Prediction of Serious Intracranial Hypertension from Low-Resolution Neuromonitoring in Traumatic Brain Injury: An Explainable Machine Learning Approach

There is a strong association between intracranial hypertension (IH) that occurs following the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and negative outcomes. This study proposes a pressure–time dose (PTD)-based parameter that may specify a possible serious IH (SIH) event and develops a model to predict SIH. The minute-by-minute signals of arterial blood pressure (ABP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) of 117 TBI patients were utilized as the internal validation dataset. The SIH event was explored through the prognostic power of the IH event variables for the outcome after 6 months, and an IH event with thresholds that included an ICP of 20 mmHg and PTD > 130 mmHg * minutes was considered an SIH event. The physiological characteristics of normal, IH and SIH events were investigated. LightGBM was employed to forecast an SIH event from various time intervals using physiological parameters derived from the ABP and ICP. Training and validation were conducted on 1921 SIH events. External validation was performed on two multi-center datasets containing 26 and 382 SIH events. The SIH parameters could be used to predict mortality (AUROC = 0.893, p < 0.001) and favorability (AUROC = 0.858, p < 0.001). The trained model robustly forecasted SIH after 5 and 480 minutes with an accuracy of 86.95% and 72.18% in internal validation. External validation also revealed a similar performance. This study demonstrated that the proposed SIH prediction model has reasonable predictive capacities. A future intervention study is required to investigate whether the definition of SIH is maintained in multi-center data and to ensure the effects of the predictive system on TBI patient outcomes at the bedside.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi dengan Model Problem Based Learning pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar Kelas VI

No students in the class are the same. They come from different backgrounds, have different learning preferences, different interests, or learn at different speeds so their readiness to learn is different. Differentiated learning is learning made by teachers to meet the learning needs of students in the classroom. This learning practice is important to share because it is expected to provide benefits regarding the application of differentiated learning in elementary schools. Differentiated learning in this study uses the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. PBL is a student-centered learning strategy that requires students to be skilled and sensitive to solving problems in their environment. The strategy used in this differentiated learning is to map learning needs based on three aspects, namely learning readiness, interest in learning, and student learning profiles by using surveys filled out via smart phones. Then the author plans differentiated learning based on the results of the mapping, namely providing various choices of strategies, materials, and ways of learning. The results of the learning that has been carried out are that students are very happy and enthusiastic in participating in learning from beginning to end. Differentiated learning that is carried out is able to accommodate the learning needs of students in one class.
Enhancing intermediate band solar cell performances through quantum engineering of dot states by droplet epitaxy

We report the effect of the quantum dot aspect ratio on the sub‐gap absorption properties of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dot intermediate band solar cells. We have grown AlGaAs solar cells containing GaAs quantum dots made by droplet epitaxy. This technique allows the realization of strain‐free nanostructures with lattice matched materials, enabling the possibility to tune the size, shape, and aspect ratio to engineer the optical and electrical properties of devices. Intermediate band solar cells have been grown with different dot aspect ratio, thus tuning the energy levels of the intermediate band. Here, we show how it is possible to tune the sub‐gap absorption spectrum and the extraction of charge carriers from the intermediate band states by simply changing the aspect ratio of the dots. The tradeoff between thermal and optical extraction is in fact fundamental for the correct functioning of the intermediate band solar cells. The combination of the two effects makes the photonic extraction mechanism from the quantum dots increasingly dominant at room temperature, allowing for a reduction of the open circuit voltage of only 14 mV, compared to the reference cell.
Computational Approaches to the Rational Design of Tubulin-Targeting Agents

Microtubules are highly dynamic polymers of α,β-tubulin dimers which play an essential role in numerous cellular processes such as cell proliferation and intracellular transport, making them an attractive target for cancer and neurodegeneration research. To date, a large number of known tubulin binders were derived from natural products, while only one was developed by rational structure-based drug design. Several of these tubulin binders show promising in vitro profiles while presenting unacceptable off-target effects when tested in patients. Therefore, there is a continuing demand for the discovery of safer and more efficient tubulin-targeting agents. Since tubulin structural data is readily available, the employment of computer-aided design techniques can be a key element to focus on the relevant chemical space and guide the design process. Due to the high diversity and quantity of structural data available, we compiled here a guide to the accessible tubulin-ligand structures. Furthermore, we review different ligand and structure-based methods recently used for the successful selection and design of new tubulin-targeting agents.
Capacity Building and Performance of Donor-Funded Projects in Nairobi City County Kenya

Donor-funded projects have been associated with unprecedented delays, cost overruns, irregular scope changes, and beneficiary dissatisfaction which has been attributed to weak institutional human resource capabilities, and weak monitoring mechanisms. The goal of the study was to assess how capacity building affected the success of projects funded by donors in Nairobi County. The study sought to find out how technical competence, managerial competence, and governance competence affected the performance of donor-funded projects in Nairobi County and was based on four theories: diffusion of innovation, transformational learning, resource dependency, and knowledge-based theories. A descriptive survey design was adopted. The target population was 55 donor-funded projects and the units of observation were 311 project personnel. The research employed a purposive random sampling approach to picking 30% resulting in a sample of 94 people. This study's primary data included both quantitative and qualitative information. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed in data analysis. Besides, multiple regression was used to determine the association between the dependent variables and the independent variable. The study revealed that technical, management, and governance competence all exhibited a favorable and significant influence on the success of donor-funded projects in Nairobi County. The study determined that staff training was in place among the projects, but it was not consistent and there was no policy to govern it. It is recommended that the management of donor-funded projects in Nairobi County should spend more on contemporary technology, innovation, and capacity to improve project efficiency and effectiveness.
Lattice dilation by free electrons in heavily doped GaAs:Si

Lattice constants of GaAs layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy were examined by using the high resolution x‐ray diffractometer. For highly doped samples (up to 9×1018 cm−3 of free‐electron concentration) we observed an increase of the lattice constant with respect to the undoped layers. Since substitutional silicon atoms decrease the lattice constant of GaAs, the results are explained by the influence of free‐electrons via the deformation potential of the Γ minimum of the conduction band. The best fit to our diffractometric data was obtained for the band‐gap deformation potential equal to −8.5 eV.
Influencers as Empowering Agents? Following Political Influencers, Internal Political Efficacy and Participation among Youth

ABSTRACT Influencers, characterized by their social-media-made fame, are known for endorsing brands, but are also producing political content, which has been shown to resonate with youth. However, research on how their political messages impact young people’s political involvement is still scarce. To address this lacuna, we conducted a two-wave panel study (N W2 = 496) among youth aged 16 to 25 years to investigate links between following political influencers, young people’s internal political efficacy, and political participation. We draw from the two-step flow of communication and opinion leadership literature to explain influencers’ impact on young people’s political behavior. Moreover, we advance the theoretical argument that influencers may not only relay political news, but also render it more comprehensible for youth. Influencers may thereby raise young people’s confidence in their political self-competence, and consequently affect their level of political participation. We find that followers’ internal political efficacy is predicted by following political influencers at moderate to high levels of perceived simplification of politics by influencers. However, there is no link between internal political efficacy and political participation, which may be explained by influencers’ direct and short-term mobilizing effect on young people. Overall, our findings have important theoretical implications for contemporary understandings of opinion leadership in mediated contexts.
Experiences and Perspectives of Children and Young People Living with Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus—An Integrative Review

Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) impacts the daily life of children and young people. This study aimed to describe the experiences and perspectives of children and young people living with cSLE. An integrative review guided by Whittemore and Knafl was conducted. Extant empirical research published in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2021 on children’s self-reported experiences living with cSLE was identified from Scopus, CINAHL, Medline via PubMed, and PsycINFO via Ovid databases. Nineteen studies involving over 1400 participants were included. Four themes and fourteen sub-themes were identified: (1) challenging symptoms (disruptions to life and altered self, severity, fatigue, depression, and anxiety), (2) medicines and side effects (dreaded steroids, conflicting feelings, and medication adherence), (3) complicated life (school sports and social, giving things up, lack of understanding, and quality of life) and (4) ways of coping (family and friends, relationships with health providers, and maintaining positivity). While cSLE shares many similarities with adult-onset SLE, awareness of differences in experiences and perceptions of children and young people is crucial. The significant psychological and social impact of the disease and its treatments necessitates a comprehensive, holistic approach to managing cSLE that considers the unique needs of youth.
Two simple residual bounds for the eigenvalues of a Hermintian matrix

Let A be Hermitian and let the orthonormal columns of X span an approximate invariant subspace of X. Then the residual $R = AX - XM\, ( M = X^H AX )$ will be small. The theorems of this paper bound the distance of the spectrum of M from the spectrum of A in terms of appropriate norms of R.
Testing limb darkening laws using NPOI observations

We observed 85 stars using the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer in order to determine their angular diameters. Here we present preliminary uniform disk fits for the stars. Many of the targets have measurements through the first zero crossing and onto the second lobe of the visibility curve. We will use these observations to test limb darkening laws, namely the effectiveness of plane parallel versus spherically symmetric models. These results have important implications for the accuracy with which we can determine the limb darkening of stars used as calibrators on long baselines being implemented in the near future on the NPOI, which will almost certainly have to be at least semi-resolved. The validation or exposure of systematics in the limb darkening laws can also be applied to any number of stars observed interferometrically.
Dynamical systems with elastic reflections

In this paper we consider dynamical systems resulting from the motion of a material point in domains with strictly convex boundary, that is, such that the operator of the second quadratic form is negative-definite at each point of the boundary, where the boundary is taken to be equipped with the field of inward normals. We prove that such systems are ergodic and are K-systems. The basic method of investigation is the construction of transversal foliations for such systems and the study of their properties.
A model of tumor and lymphocyte interactions

The interactions between a solid tumor and the immune system are described both prior to and after neovascularization by a predator-prey model, and predictions about tumor behavior in a host are made. Trajectory analysis of phase-plane portraits as well as standard perturbation analysis show that most system steady states are unstable but that stability is theoretically possible. Reasonable parameter value estimation enables meaningful analysis of system behavior, and Mathematica is used to simulate model dynamics. The model accounts for many observed tumor behaviors, and regions of uncontrolled tumor growth, tumor extinction in finite time, and irreversible lymphocyte decline are found either analytically or numerically. A better understanding of tumor-immune dynamics is obtained, allowing for improved research on treatment specifically in the area of immunotherapy.
Carbon nanotube bundles under high pressure: Transformation to low-symmetry structures

Structure transformations for crystalline bundles of single walled carbon nanotubes (10,10), (8,8), and (6,6), in response to external pressure are modeled by first-principles calculations. Upon pressure, the circular tube section is first transformed into an elliptical shape. Further pressure then leads to a flattened shape, similar to a 400-m track, with two flat sections connected by two cap sections. While the stress is taken up at the cap sections by bond buckling, the conjugate \ensuremath{\pi} bonding on the two flat sections becomes more effective and provides some stabilization for the structure. Such a transformation effectively squeezes the empty space inside a tube and thus reduces the intertube van der Waals repulsion. Collapse of the tube structures or linking between tubes via ${\mathrm{sp}}^{3}$ bonding is not observed up to a stress level of 20 GPa. Hexagonal tube sections are also observed, which is a metastable state, due to the the symmetry constraint of the triangular lattice during structure optimization. Such a structure is not favored as it is too rigid to adapt to external pressures.
Advances in retrieving XCH4 and XCO from Sentinel-5 Precursor: improvements in the scientific TROPOMI/WFMD algorithm

Abstract. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite enables the accurate determination of atmospheric methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) abundances at high spatial resolution and global daily sampling. Due to its wide swath and sampling, the global distribution of both gases can be determined in unprecedented detail. The scientific retrieval algorithm Weighting Function Modified Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (WFMD) has proven valuable in simultaneously retrieving the atmospheric column-averaged dry-air mole fractions XCH4 and XCO from TROPOMI's radiance measurements in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral range. Here we present recent improvements of the algorithm which have been incorporated into the current version (v1.8) of the TROPOMI/WFMD product. This includes processing adjustments such as increasing the polynomial degree to 3 in the fitting procedure to better account for possible spectral albedo variations within the fitting window and updating the digital elevation model to minimise topography-related biases. In the post-processing, the machine-learning-based quality filter has been refined using additional data when training the random forest classifier to further reduce scenes with residual cloudiness that are incorrectly classified as good. In particular, the cloud filtering over the Arctic ocean is considerably improved. Furthermore, the machine learning calibration, addressing systematic errors due to simplifications in the forward model or instrumental issues, has been optimised. By including an additional feature associated with the fitted polynomial when training the corresponding random forest regressor, spectral albedo variations are better accounted for. To remove vertical stripes in the XCH4 and XCO data, an efficient orbit-wise destriping filter based on combined wavelet–Fourier filtering has been implemented, while optimally preserving the original spatial trace gas features. The temporal coverage of the data records has been extended to the end of April 2022, covering a total length of 4.5 years since the start of the mission, and will be further extended in the future. Validation with the ground-based Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) demonstrates that the implemented improvements reduce the pseudo-noise component of the products, resulting in an improved random error. The XCH4 and XCO products have similar spatial coverage from year to year including high latitudes and the oceans. The analysis of annual growth rates reveals accelerated growth of atmospheric methane during the covered period, in line with observations at marine surface sites of the Global Monitoring Division of NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory, which reported consecutive annual record increases over the past 2 years of 2020 and 2021.
Brain Effective Connectivity Analysis Facilitates the Treatment Outcome Expectation of Sound Therapy in Patients With Tinnitus

Tinnitus is associated with abnormal functional connectivity of multiple regions of the brain. However, previous analytic methods have disregarded information on the direction of functional connectivity, leading to only a moderate efficacy of pretreatment planning. We hypothesized that the pattern of directional functional connectivity can provide key information on treatment outcomes. Sixty-four participants were enrolled in this study: eighteen patients with tinnitus were categorized into the effective group, twenty-two patients into the ineffective group, and twenty-four healthy participants into the healthy control group. We acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance images prior to sound therapy and constructed an effective connectivity network of the three groups using an artificial bee colony algorithm and transfer entropy. The key feature of patients with tinnitus was the significantly increased signal output of the sensory network, including the auditory, visual, and somatosensory networks, and parts of the motor network. This provided critical insights into the gain theory of tinnitus development. The altered pattern of functional information orchestration, represented by a higher degree of hypervigilance-driven attention and enhanced multisensory integration, may explain poor clinical outcomes. The activated gating function of the thalamus is one of the key factors for a good prognosis in tinnitus treatment. We developed a novel method for analyzing effective connectivity, facilitating an understanding of the tinnitus mechanism and treatment outcome expectation based on the direction of information flow.