Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stress and substance use among undergraduate medical students in a Government medical college in Northern Karnataka

Context: Medical education is highly stressful and demanding as a career. Although, only the academically-minded youth in the society tend to be selected for medical education, the stressful academic environment can exert a negative effect on the psychological and physical well-being. There is growing concern about substance use/dependence among medical students. While medical students and doctors help patients resolve substance dependency, they are not immune to these temptations themselves. In addition to negative effects on the individual’s physical and mental health, and on their families, substance abuse may threaten the ability to provide adequate patient care, and it may undermine the individual’s role as a role model for healthy lifestyles. Aims: To assess the stress and substance use and association among them among undergraduate medical students. Settings and Design: It was a cross sectional study with second, third and final year undergraduate medical students of a government medical college in Northern Karnataka as subjects. Materials and Methods: Basic demographical data was collected using a semi structured questionnaire, substance use was assessed using WHO ASSIST 3.0 scale, stress was assessed using Medical Student Stressor Scale (MSSQ). Statistical analysis used: Data was compiled and appropriate statistical tests were used to analyse the data with the help of SPSS 20. Results: Out of 450 second, third and final year undergraduate medical students, 403 participated in the study. The prevalence of substance use was about 34.7% with alcohol being the leading substance followed by marijuana. Few students reported inhalant/volatile substance use. 65% of the subjects reported high stress. Stress was almost equal in almost all domains. Conclusions: Effective interventions have to be planned and implemented to reduce stress levels among medical students and to address the issue substance use by promoting healthy life style and coping skills. Key Messages: There is association between stress and substance use among undergraduate medical students. Effective interventions have to be planned and implemented to reduce stress levels among medical students and to address the issue substance use by promoting healthy life style and coping skills.
Investigation of critical success factors for improving supply chain quality management in manufacturing

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify and prioritise critical success factors (CSFs) for improving supply chain quality management (SCQM) under the context of Industry 4.0. We identified five potential factors from the literature and through semi-structured interviews of five individuals in different company positions and departments. 132 valid questionnaires were used to measure the factors with the results showing that the five CSFs play an essential part in SCQM. Customer focus was the most significant factor positively influencing improvements in supply chain quality management. The quality of the information technology system was also important, as well as increased collaboration among supply chain members. Process integration and leadership also had an impact, but supplier quality management showed no significant effect.
Does It Pay to Have Your Own R&D Department? In-house and External R&D in the Context of Innovations

What type of R&D is essential for creating innovations? Is in-house R&D more efficient than purchasing external innovations? The question of various strategies for private firms to succeed in developing innovations is key for ongoing national and international programmes for raising innovativeness of economies. The goal of the paper is to investigate the outcomes of different types of R&D in the context of innovations and to analyse their significance in European countries empirically. In this paper, we aim to provide a quantitative analysis of the problem on the data collected from the Common Innovation Survey. We cover innovations in products, services, production methods, distribution systems and supporting activities. The results suggest that both in-house and external R&D matter for firms’ innovativeness, but the effect is stronger for the former for most of the types of innovations considered.
Components of Countries’ Regulative Dimensions and Voluntary Carbon Disclosures

The previous literature has demonstrated that countries’ regulative contexts positively influence voluntary corporate carbon disclosures. However, little research has been conducted into the relationship between the different components of the regulative dimension of institutions and voluntary carbon disclosure. Drawing on the theoretical framework of New Institutional Sociology (NIS), this study examines the influence of the different components of the regulative context (rules; monitoring mechanisms and punishments; rewards) both on firms’ propensity to disclose carbon information and on the quality of disclosures. Based on a global sample of 2176 companies that participated in the 2015 Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) climate report, this paper uses the Heckman two-stage approach in an attempt to model firms’ decisions as to whether to disclose carbon information, as well as the quality of said disclosures. The results show that the regulative components positively influence firms’ decisions to voluntarily disclose carbon data. They also show that the quality of disclosures is positively affected by climate-related rules and rewards, but that it is not influenced by monitoring mechanisms and punishments related to climate change. This paper is the first to take the step of addressing the components of the climate-related regulative pillar of institutions in the same regression setting.
Forecasting the U.S. Dollar in the 21st Century

The level of the (log of) the exchange rate seems to have strong forecasting power for dollar exchange rates against major currencies post-2000 at medium- to long-run horizons of 12-, 36- and 60-months. We find that this is true using conventional asymptotic statistics correcting for serial correlation biases. But correcting for small-sample bias using simulation methods, we find little evidence to reject a random walk. This small sample bias arises because of near-spurious correlation when the predictor variable is persistent and the horizon for exchange rate forecasts is long. Similar problems of spurious correlation may arise when other persistent variables are used to forecast changes in the exchange rate. We find, in fact, using asymptotic statistics, the level of the exchange rate provides better forecasts than economic measures of “global risk”, and the measures of global risk do not improve the (possibly spurious) forecasting power of the level of the exchange rate.
High-pressure X-ray diffraction study and equation of state of MgSiO3 ilmenite

Abstract High-pressure X-ray powder diffraction data for MgSiO3 ilmenite have been collected up to 28 GPa using a diamond-anvil cell in an energy-dispersive configuration at the storage ring DCI at the LURE (Orsay, France). H2O was used as a pressure-transmitting medium. Pressures were measured using the ruby-fluorescence method or estimated from the equation of state of ice VII. Both pressure determinations are in good agreement up to 15 GPa but diverge at higher pressures because of the development of nonhydrostatic stresses and pressure gradients marked by an increase of the ruby-fluorescence line width. No phase changes are observed during compression or decompression. The compression of MgSiO3 ilmenite is anisotropic, with the c axis being twice as compressible as the a axis. The high-pressure volume data were fitted to a third-order Birch-Mumaghan equation of state and are consistent with the former determination of K0 = 212 GPa by Brillouin scattering; the data yield Kʹ0 = 7.5(10) if the ruby-fluorescence pressures are used or Kʹ0 = 5.6(10) if the pressures obtained from the equation of state of ice VII are used; the latter value is preferred because pressures were determined on the X-ray spot. The effects of nonhydrostatic stresses and pressure gradients on the determination of equations of state are discussed.
Tensiones y realidades de los docentes universitarios frente a la pandemia Covid-19

The contingency generated from the Covid-19 pandemic means that the working conditions of teachers are transformed with an increase in the hours worked, immobility of the workplace, resolution of administrative situations of the educational institution and support for students with Situations that require it, leads to a physical and mental overload on the part of university teachers. A phenomenological design study is developed in which 178 university teachers of the 2020-I cycle are included with a part-time employment contract (4 hours) in the morning-night hours and a full-time employment contract (8 hours); who are working from their homes in theoretical, practical and theoretical-practical methodology. It is found that teachers show impairment in their physical and mental load due to the Covid-19 pandemic contingency, relating the working day, work intensity, interpersonal relationships with respect to the different types of loads from habituality to the given special context Due to contingency, where physical-mental effort, stressful situations in work and non-work activities are factors attributed to the professional burnout of the teacher, the virtual modality has generated that teachers have changing physical and psychological behaviors.
Strategic Use of Volume of Financial Items in 10-K Reports

We investigate whether firms limit the volume of financial items in annual reports (including the financial statements and footnotes) to obfuscate poor future firm performance, and how investors react to this reduced volume. We estimate abnormal volume to capture managers’ discretion over reporting in the 10-K and find that abnormally low volume predicts poor future earnings. This relation is more pronounced in firms where the market has difficulty in detecting managerial intervention in the disclosure process. We also find that abnormally low volume predicts negative future returns, suggesting that managers benefit from disclosing fewer financial items by delaying the incorporation of bad news into stock prices. Further corroborating our results, we find that the volume is abnormally low when there exist strong managerial incentives to withhold bad news and manipulate investor perceptions upward. Overall, our evidence is consistent with the notion that managers attempt to obfuscate poor future performance and inflate current stock prices by disclosing fewer financial items in the 10-K.
From customer to actor value propositions: an analysis of digital transaction platforms

ABSTRACT Digital transaction platforms are reconfiguring how customers and suppliers interact and transact. This evolution challenges the applicability of some of the canonical concepts and theories inherited from businesses focusing on dyadic customer-firm relationships. In this respect, we know very little about the extent to which business concepts, such as the customer value proposition (CVP), can capture the dynamics of multi-actor digital platforms. The purpose of this study is thus to explore how value can be proposed in digital transaction platforms. To illustrate and capture the complexity and diversity of digital transaction platforms’ current value propositions, we identify, compare, and analyze the CVPs of 58 digital transaction platforms worldwide. As a result, we introduce and define the construct of the actor value proposition (AVP) as a distinct and critically important concept for understanding and managing value creation in digital transaction platforms. This study is among one of the first to uncover the mechanisms and dynamics of digital transaction platforms from the point of view of different actors’ value creation.
Understanding policing demand and deployment through the lens of the city and with the application of big data

The effective, efficient and equitable policing of urban areas rests on an appreciation of the qualities and scale of, as well as the factors shaping, demand. It also requires an appreciation of the factors shaping the resources deployed in their address. To this end, this article probes the extent to which policing demand (crime, anti-social behaviour, public safety and welfare) and deployment (front-line resource) are similarly conditioned by the social and physical urban environment, and by incident complexity. The prospect of exploring policing demand, deployment and their interplay is opened through the utilisation of big data and artificial intelligence and their integration with administrative and open data sources in a generalised method of moments (GMM) multilevel model. The research finds that policing demand and deployment hold varying and time-sensitive association with features of the urban environment. Moreover, we find that the complexities embedded in policing demands serve to shape both the cumulative and marginal resources expended in their address. Beyond their substantive policy relevance, these findings serve to open new avenues for urban criminological research centred on the consideration of the interplay between policing demand and deployment.
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE Sensible Heat Observations Reveal Soil-Water Evaporation Dynamics

Soil-water evaporation is important at scales ranging from microbial ecology to large-scale climate. Yet routine measurements are unable to capture rapidly shifting near-surface soil heat and water processes involved in soil-water evaporation. The objective of this study was to determine the depth and location of the evaporation zone within soil. Three-needle heat-pulse sensors were used to monitor soil heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and temperature below a bare soil surface in central Iowa during natural wetting/ drying cycles. Soil heat flux and changes in heat storage were calculated from these data to obtain a balance of sensible heat components. The residual from this balance, attributed to latent heat from water vaporization, provides an estimate of in situ soil-water evaporation. As the soil dried following rainfall, results show divergence in the soil sensible heat flux with depth. Divergence in the heat flux indicates the location of a heat sink associated with soil-water evaporation. Evaporation estimates from the sensible heat balance provide depth and time patterns consistent with observed soil-water depletion patterns. Immediately after rainfall, evaporation occurred near the soil surface. Within 6 days after rainfall, the evaporation zone proceeded 13 mm into the soil profile. Evaporation rates at the 3-mm depth reached peak values 0.25 mm h 1 . Evaporation occurred simultaneously at multiple measured depth increments, but with time lag between peak evaporation rates for depths deeper below the soil surface. Implementation of finescale measurement techniques for the soil sensible heat balance provides a new opportunity to improve understanding of soil-water evaporation.
Sensor Localization Using Time of Arrival Measurements in a Multi-Media and Multi-Path Application of In-Situ Wireless Soil Sensing

The problem of localization of nodes of a wireless sensor network placed in different physical media (anchor nodes above ground and sensor nodes underground) is addressed in this article. We use time of arrival of signals transmitted between neighboring sensor nodes and between satellite nodes and sensor nodes as the ranging measurement. The localization problem is formulated as a parameter estimation of the joint distribution of the time of arrival values. The probability distribution of the time of arrival of a signal is derived based on rigorous statistical analysis and its parameters are expressed in terms of the location coordinates of the sensor nodes. Maximum likelihood estimates of the nodes’ location coordinates as parameters of the joint distribution of the various time of arrival variables in the network are computed. Sensitivity analysis to study the variation in the estimates with respect to error in measured soil complex permittivity and magnetic permeability is presented to validate the model and methodology.
Key Findings of the World’s First Offshore Methane Hydrate Production Test off the Coast of Japan: Toward Future Commercial Production

Marine methane hydrate in sands has huge potential as an unconventional gas resource; however, no field test of their production potential had been conducted. Here, we report the world’s first offshore methane hydrate production test conducted at the eastern Nankai Trough and show key findings toward future commercial production. Geological analysis indicates that hydrate saturation reaches 80% and permeability in the presence of hydrate ranges from 0.01 to 10 mdarcies. Permeable (1–10 mdarcies) highly hydrate-saturated layers enable depressurization-induced gas production of approximately 20,000 Sm3/D with water of 200 m3/D. Numerical analysis reveals that the dissociation zone expands laterally 25 m at the front after 6 days. Gas rate is expected to increase with time, owing to the expansion of the dissociation zone. It is found that permeable highly hydrate-saturated layers increase the gas–water ratio of the production fluid. The identification of such layers is critically important to increase the en.
Energy and Quality Aspects of Freeze-Drying Preceded by Traditional and Novel Pre-Treatment Methods as Exemplified by Red Bell Pepper

Freeze-drying is one of the most expensive and most energy intensive processes applied in food technology. Therefore, there have been significant efforts to reduce the freeze-drying time and decrease its energy consumption. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF), ultrasound (US), and hybrid treatment (PEF-US) and compare them with the effect of blanching (BL) on the freeze-drying kinetics, energy consumption, greenhouse gasses emission, and physical quality of the product. The freeze-drying process was applied to red bell peppers after pretreatment operations. Results showed that application of BL, PEF, US, or PEF-US reduces freeze-drying time and decreases energy consumption. Among the tested methods, the combination of PEF performed at 1 kJ/kg and US was the most effective in reduction of greenhouse gas emission. BL samples exhibited the highest porosity, but from a statistical point of view, most of the PEF-US treated materials did not differ from it. The smallest color changes were noted for US pre-treated bell peppers (ΔE = 9.4), whereas BL, PEF, and PEF-US material was characterized by ΔE of 15.2–28.5. Performed research indicates the application of pre-treatment may improve the sustainability of freeze-drying process and quality of freeze-dried bell pepper.
Effects of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris Density on the Larval Performances of Fresh Water Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)

Background: Microalgae have several potential applications in early stages especially in the hatchery phase of several fish, mollusc and crustacean species. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris at different concentrations on larval performances of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Methods: Freshly hatched larvae were reared until the metamorphosis of first post larval (PL) stage in plastic aquaria (5 liter, 12ppt and 12L:12D) with a density of 10 larvae/liter under five randomly arranged treatment groups in 3 replicates such as, 0×105 (T1, control) and four different concentrations of C. vulgaris 5×105 (T2), 10×105 (T3), 15×105 (T4) and 20×105 (T5) cells/ml. Larvae were fed Artemia (6 nauplii/ml) six times daily. Result: The results revealed that the addition of microalgae in rearing system significantly enhanced (P less than 0.05) the larval survival and developments than without microalgae. The highest larval survival and faster appearance of PL (in days) was observed in T3 group (60.83%, 24.67 days) followed by T4 (56.91%, 28.33 days) T2 (48.39%, 31.33 days) T5 (40.93%, 32.33 days) and T1 (30.65%, 39 days), respectively. Larvae reared at moderate concentrations of microalgae (T3 and T4) resulted in high dry weight that of extreme low (T2) or high (T5) concentrations of microalgae. This study identified the best concentration of Chlorella vulgaris for the rearing of M. rosenbergii larval and could be applicable for the mass larval production of this species commercially.
Population changes and limitation in the montane vole (Microtus montanus) in perennial old-field grasslands: insights from a long-term study

We livetrapped populations of Microtus montanus from 1982 to 2003 in semiarid perennial old-field grasslands of southern British Columbia. We evaluated two, nonmutually exclusive hypotheses (H) to explain their population dynamics: first (H1), that extended breeding during the summer or winter will drive the increase phase of population fluctuations; and second (H2), that density-dependent depression of juvenile survival will be reflected in poor early juvenile survival during high populations. Populations on 2–3 grids of 1 ha were livetrapped at 3- to 8-week intervals in summer and winter except in 5 years of very low populations. Densities ranged from 10/ha to 250/ha. Peak densities occurred in 6 years and an extended low phase occurred from 1999 to 2003. Fluctuations of 3–4 years appeared in our populations but were not always present. Breeding occurred both in summer and winter, and the best predictor of the population growth rate was the fraction of adult females lactating in summer or winter, thereby supporting H1. Juvenile production (number of juveniles/lactating female) varied greatly among years with the mean being over two times higher in low (2.41) than high (1.08) years, thereby supporting H2. There was no clear correlation between population changes and either seasonal temperatures or rainfall, or any combination of these two variables, and no obvious cause of the prolonged low from 1999 to 2003. Thus, both female reproduction and juvenile production drive montane vole dynamics demographically, similar to what is found in other vole species. However, the ultimate cause of these changes remains to be tackled experimentally.
A study of magnetic properties in binuclear complexes with {M2(μ-OH2)(μ-OOCCMe3)2} moiety (M = Co(II), Ni(II))

The binuclear trimethylacetate complexes M 2 (μ-OH 2 )(Me 3 CCOO) 4 (Me 3 CCOOH) 4 (M = Co(II) (1), Ni(II) (2)) have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Complexes 1 and 2 in the solid state and in solutions (MeCN,C 6 H 6 ) are studied by electronic absorption spectroscopy, and the observed electronic transitions are assigned. Studying the magnetic properties of these complexes in the range 2-300 K shows that 1 has antiferromagnetic spin-spin exchange, whereas 2 exhibits ferromagnetic properties.
Report of an allodesmine humerus from Shimane, Japan: summary of Japanese allodesmines

ABSTRACT A new specimen of a pinniped humerus was found from the middle Miocene Fujina Formation, Shimane, Japan. It was identified as Allodesminae gen. et sp. indet. based on morphological description and comparisons with allodesmine humeri. The results of the comparisons suggest that there is variation in morphological features within this group. This discovery that revealed allodesmines had already expanded along the north-to-south coastal regions from the early stage of the back-arc spreading of the Sea of Japan. According to the summary of Japanese allodesmines, these pinnipeds thrived in the Japanese coastal regions during the middle to late Miocene as well as in North America.