Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving the Efficacy of Cytokinin Applications for Stimulation of Lateral Branch Development in Young Sweet Cherry Trees in the Orchard

Improving lateral branch development in young sweet cherry trees without reliance on pruning is a desirable component of tree training programs, especially for high-density systems. Applications of two proprietary formulations of 6-benzyladenine and gibberellins A4 and A7 (Promalin, Valent Biosciences, Walnut Creek, Calif.; and Perlan, Fine Americas, Walnut Creek, Calif.) to individual buds or intact bark of unpruned sweet cherry central leader shoots at green-tip had little effect on lateral shoot growth from buds or on distribution of new shoot growth along the treated leader shoots. Scoring, nicking, or notching cuts alone also had inconsistent effects on shoot develop- ment and distribution. In some trials, bud removal (or disbudding, removing every fourth bud on 1-year-old shoots) produced limited improvement of lateral shoot development and vertical distribution. Combining nicking, notching, scoring, or bark scrapingwiththe applicationof cytokinin-gibberellic acidsolutiontothe cutareagreatly improved both number of shoots developed and the numbers originating from the lower portions of treated leader shoots. Removing the physical barrier to bioregulator product contact with active tissues was a primary factor in improving treatment efficacy.
MICROBIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSYLVANIA HONEY

The present paper is a comparative microbiological and physical-chemical analysis of various types of honey (polyfloral, tilia, acacia, sunflower, and honeydew) collected from beekeepers and processors. The results have enabled us to make correlations between moisture, acidity, pH and the microbiological characteristics of the tested honey samples.
PREDATORY BEHAVIOR AND DIET OF WINTERING MALE COOPER'S HAWKS IN A RURAL HABITAT

COMPORTAMIENTO DE DEPREDACION Y DIETA DE MACHOS DE ACCIPITER COOPERII DURANTE EL PERIODO DE INVERNADA EN UN HABITAT RURAL El comportamiento durante el invierno de los halcones del genero Accipiter no ha sido muy estudiado. En este estudio exploramos el comportamiento de caza y la dieta de machos de A. cooperii en un habitat rural (oeste de Indiana, Estados Unidos) durante los inviernos de 2001 a 2004. Seguimos a 11 halcones utilizando radio-telemetria y registramos la identidad de las especies atacadas y depredadas. En este estudio, el halcon A. cooperii capturo presas con un amplio rango de tamano, desde palomas de la especie Columba livia hasta aves mas pequenas como Junco hyemalis. El tipo de presas capturadas se sobrepuso ampliamente con las presas capturadas por A. striatus en un estudio previo, pero se diferencio marcadamente de las presas capturadas por las hembras de A. cooperii en zonas urbanas. Sin embargo, la estrategia de caza de los machos rurales de A. cooperii fue similar a la de sus contra.
Comparative evaluation of five procedures for making kefir

Un nouveau protocole utilisant des cultures pures et une fermentation sequencielle est comparee a 4 autres techniques classiques : ensemencement direct par des levains industriels, ensemencement du levain avec elimination des grains de kefir, inoculation simultanee du lait avec les bacteries lactiques et des levures, et cette derniere technique avec une etape ulterieure d'incubation a 20 degres C dans l'emballage final. La qualite du produit final est en faveur du nouveau protocole mis au point
Risk of eating disorders in university students: an international study in Hungary, Poland and Ukraine

Abstract Objective In this international study, the prevalence of Eating disorders (EDs) was determined among university students and identified associated demographic and behavioral factors predicting disorders using data from three European countries. Methods The survey was conducted in Hungary, Poland, and Ukraine in 2018. Registered full-time students completed an online anonymous questionnaire. Students provided data about socioeconomic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), EDs, physical fitness and sport practice, psychological distress (stress, anxiety, depression), life orientation, alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 software. Results From the 1965 returned questionnaires 1950 were analyzed, because of the missing data (67.3% female, mean age of the total participant’s 21.40 ± 3.83 years old). EDs were observed in 26.3% of students. In logistic regression, EDs were predicted by female sex, higher BMI, single marital status, elevated psychological distress and limited access to health care. Conclusion EDs are relatively common in university students especially in females. Students with higher distress and BMI, limited access to health care and living without partner are at risk for EDs. This result highlights the need for a public health approach. Universities are the last chance where students can be screened in an organized setting and offer interventions early when treatment is likely to be most effective.
Hematologic parameters study of male and female rats administrated with different concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly used in various products and consequentially the potential adverse effects associated with exposure to them are of concern. This study investigated the effects of AgNPs on hematologic parameters in male and female mice. Forty mice including twenty male and twenty female, were randomly divided into eight groups: C1 (male control), C2 (female control), T1, T2, T3 (male treatment) and T4, T5and T6 (female treatment). After the acclimatization period, treatment groups were gavaged with Silver Nanoparticle solution, T1 (3mg/kg), T2 (300mg/kg), T3 (1000mg/kg) and T4 (3mg/kg), T5 (300mg/kg) and T6 (1000mg/kg) for 15 days. At the end of study period, blood samples were collected from the tail vein and, immediately mixed with heparin in plastic tube. Determinations of parameters were performed using an automated biochemical analyzer (Chemistry analyzer photometer DANA-4500). Results showed that Number of RBC in T3(male,1000 mg/kg) ,T5(female,300 mg/kg) and T6(female,1000 mg/kg) decreased considerably compared to their own control (P<0.05) . Also we observed a significantly falling in number of WBC in T2(male, 300 mg/kg),T3(male,1000 mg/kg) and likewise in all female treatment groups(T4,T5 and T6) in comparison to their respective control groups (P<0.05). Level of Hemoglobin in all male and female groups dropped remarkably in contrast with controls (P<0.05). Hematocrite only in T3 (male, 1000 mg/kg) and T5 (female, 300 mg/kg) exhibits significant decreasing compared to their control groups (P<0.05). We concluded that nanosilver is able to induce vast changes in hematologic parameters in male and female mice.
Clinical and surgical assistance in prostate cancer during the COVID-19 Pandemic: implementation of assistance protocols

ABSTRACT Purpose: Propose an approach of prostate cancer (PCa) patients during COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: We conducted a review of current literature related to surgical and clinical management of patients during COVID-19 crisis paying special attention to oncological ones and especially those suffering from PCa. Based on these publications and current urological guidelines, a manual to manage PCa patients is suggested. Results: Patients suffering from cancer are likely to develop serious complications from COVID-19 disease together with an increased risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the management of oncological patients should be taken into special consideration and most of the treatments postponed. In case the procedure is not deferrable, it should be adapted to the current situation. While the shortest radiotherapy (RT) regimens should be applied, surgical procedures must undergo the following recommendations proposed by main surgical associations. PCa prognosis is generally favourable and therefore one can safely delay most of the biopsies up to 6 months without interfering with survival outcomes in the vast majority of cases. In the same way, most of the localised PCa patients are suitable for active surveillance (AS) or hormonal therapy until local definitive treatment could be reconsidered. In metastatic as well as castration resistant PCa stages, adding androgen receptor targeted agents (abiraterone, apalutamide, darolutamide or enzalutamide) to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) could be considered in high risk patients. On the contrary, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and Radium-223 must be avoided with regard to the consequence of hematologic toxicity and risk of COVID-19 infection because of immunodepression. Conclusions: Most of the biopsies should be delayed while AS is advised in those patients with low risk PCa. ADT allows us to defer definitive local treatment in many cases of intermediate and high risk PCa. In regard to metastatic and castration resistant PCa, combination therapies with abiraterone, apalutamide, darolutamide or enzalutamide could be considered. Chemotherapy, Radium-223 and immunotherapy are discouraged.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF SOME INSECTICIDES AGAINST COTTON WHITEFLY, BEMISIA TABACI (GENNADIUS) (HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) UNDER NATURAL FIELD CONDITIONS

Comparative efficacy of five commonly used insecticides viz., acetamiprid, buprofezin, diafenthiuron, imidacloprid and endosulfan against nymph and adult population of cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) under natural field conditions has been studied. Results showed that buprofezin was the most effective insecticide against nymph population of whitefly among the tested insecticides where nymphal population of B. tabaci was 0.2/leaf after 24h spray as compared to 1.9/leaf in control. Acetamiprid was the most effective against adult population of whitefly (0.3 to 1.3/leaf post 72 h spray, as compared to control with 6.9 to 8.2/leaf) followed by diafenthiuron and imidaclopirid. whereas, endosulfan was found to be the least effective on both populations as adult and nymph of whitefly. From the tested insecticides, acetamaprid gave effective control of both nymph and adult population of B. tabaci.
A Comparison of the Soil Water, Nutrient Status, and Litterfall Characteristics of Tropical Heath and Mixed‐Dipterocarp Forest Sites in Brunei 1

Two of the main hypotheses to explain the distribution and special characteristics of tropical heath forest are nutrient and water limitation. A study was undertaken to investigate both factors on two sites under tropical heath forest (Badas Forest Reserve) and mixed‐dipterocarp forest (Andulau Forest Reserve) in Brunei. Soil water potentials were monitored at depths of 20, 50, and 90 cm over wet and dry periods for five months at each site. The results showed the mixed‐dipterocarp forest site to be drier at 50 cm depth compared to the tropical heath forest site. There was no significant difference in water potentials between sites at 20 or 90 cm. Nutrient concentrations in the soil solution were monitored at the same depths over a seven‐month period at the same sites. A 12‐month litterfall study was also undertaken to monitor nutrient returns from the canopy at each site. The results of both studies suggest that the tropical heath forest site is poorer in nitrogen, but richer in calcium, than the mixed‐dipterocarp forest site. The results for phosphorus are less clear, but do not suggest that its limitation is a significant factor at the tropical heath forest site compared to the mixed‐dipterocarp forest site. Phosphorus and magnesium concentrations in the soil solution showed a strong positive correlation with sliding 30‐day rainfall totals at both sites.
Factors Associated with Cultivation of Tobacco in Bangladesh: A Multilevel Modelling Approach

An increasing number of studies provide evidence on the serious negative consequences of tobacco farming on economic livelihoods, human health and the environment. There is, however, only limited research on tobacco farming in Bangladesh, a significant producer of tobacco leaf. It is not yet well understood why many farmers choose to grow tobacco considering the challenging context. Accordingly, this study examines the factors that influence farmers’ decisions to grow tobacco in Bangladesh. Socio-demographic and economic information was collected from 220 tobacco farmers and 117 non-tobacco farmers from the major tobacco-growing district of Kushtia, for a total sample of 337. These farmers were recruited from two sub-districts (or upazilla—Daulatpur and Mirpur) using a stratified random sampling. A two-level logistic regression model was applied for the identification of the variables that condition farmers’ decisions to cultivate tobacco leaf. Almost two-thirds of the sampled farmers (65.3%) chose to farm tobacco. The results demonstrate that the following variables shape most farmers’ decisions to cultivate tobacco: older age, less education, tobacco firms’ short-term financial support of growing tobacco, greater ease of selling tobacco products at market, better access to credit (also provided by the tobacco companies), and farmer’s perception about higher profits from tobacco cultivation compared to other crops. This study strongly suggests that the government and others working on tobacco control should consider engaging in initiatives to increase farmers’ education, perhaps particularly for older farmers, and provide meaningful financial support in part by helping to increase access to credit and ensuring a better market facility to sell their other healthier agricultural crops, goods and services.
HABITAT PARTITIONING BY THE WOLF SPIDER (ARANEAE, LYCOSIDAE) GUILD IN STREAMSIDE AND RIPARIAN VEGETATION ZONES OF THE

Members of a guild of cursorial spiders (Pardosa spp. and Alopecosaspp.) spatially segregat e among five discrete habitats, ranging from a streamside cobble habitat extending laterally along a successiona l gradient to the leaf litter zone of a transition or climax high elevation (2348 m) riparian coniferous forest i n Colorado. Seasonal activity peaked in midsummer for all guild members. Spiders were diurnally active earlie r in streamside habitats, and levels of activity were positively correlated with light intensity . Guild member s Pardosa tristisand P. uncata were most different in habitat selection and periods of diurnal activity . Males and females of all guild species differed in their distribution among habitats and over months of collection . Measures of guild species diversity and evenness were variable between habitats, and were largely influenced by th e relatively high abundance of one or two guild species, particularly in the streamside habitats .
Developmental Readiness of Private School Children: A study of Gender Differences

Developmental Readiness plays a very crucial role in early childhood period and set basis for later development. It assures smooth and successful transition of children from pre-school to primary school. Developmental readiness work as a tool for making a child ready for school and had long term influence on academic achievement. The present study was conducted with the aim to assess the gender difference in developmental readiness of private school children. The sample size of study comprised of 200 children (i.e. 100 girls and 100 boys) of class-I selected through Multi stage sampling technique. The data was collected by using self-structured Developmental Readiness Checklist. The results of study revealed that most of the girls and boys had high level of skills across all domains of developmental readiness. Overall analysis of developmental readiness showed that both girls and boys were almost developmentally ready for formal schooling. The analysis of gender differences elucidates non-significant results in all domains except in cognitive and gross motor skills. Girls displayed significantly better cognitive abilities than boys whereas boys performed significantly better in gross motor skills. Some recommendation are suggested based on the results of the study.
A pathogenetic approach to vaccination against pleuropneumonia in swine

s en proceedings van internationale congressen Van Overbeke I. , Chiers K. , De Laender P., Ducatelle R. , Carel S. , Haesebrouck F. (1997). Effect of endobronchial challenge of pigs vaccinated with inactivated Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae vaccines containing the Apx toxins. Proc. 15 Veterinary Respiratory Symposium, Luik, p/6.6. Chiers K. , Haesebrouck F. , Van Overbeke I. , Ducatelle R. (1998). Serological response to different antigens of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in experimentally produced carrier pigs. Proc. 15 International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Birmingham, England, 160. Chiers K. , Haesebrouck F. , Van Overbeke I. , Charlier G. , Ducatelle R. (1998). In vivo interactions of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae with tonsils of pigs. Proc. 15 International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Birmingham, England, 161. Chiers K. , Haesebrouck F. , Van Overbeke I. , Charlier G. , Ducatelle R. (1998). Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae induced tonsillitis in pigs. 16 meeting of the European Society of Veterinary Pathology, Lillehammer, Noorwegen, 42. De Groote D. , Ducatelle R. , Chiers K. , Van Overbeke I. , Haesebrouck F. (1998). Early interactions of Helicobacter-like organisms with the gastric mucosa of SPF-piglets. Proc. 15 International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Birmingham, England, 84. Van Overbeke I. , Chiers K. , De Laender P., Ducatelle R. , Carel S. , Haesebrouck F. (1998). Effects of endobronchial challenge with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 9 of pigs vaccinated with inactivated vaccines containing the Apx toxins. Proc. 15 International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Birmingham, England, 162. Chiers K. , Van Overbeke I. , Ducatelle R. , Haesebrouck F. (1999). Pathogenicity of Actinobacillus minor, Actinobacillus indolicus and Actinobacillus porcinus for gnotobiotic
Consideration in the management of renal cell carcinoma during the COVID-19 Pandemic

ABSTRACT Introduction: Recently the COVID-19 pandemic became the main global priority; main efforts and health infrastructures have been prioritized in favor of COVID-19 battle and the treatment of benign diseases has been postponed. Renal cell cancer (RCC) patients configure a heterogenous populations: some of them present indolent cases which can safely have postponed their treatments, others present aggressive tumors, deserving immediate care. These scenarios must be properly identified before a tailored therapeutic choice. Objectives We propose a risk- based approach for patients with RCC, to be used during this unprecedented viral infection time. Materials and Methods: After a literature review focused in COVID-19 and current RCC treatments, we suggest therapeutic strategies of RCC in two sections: surgical approach and systemic therapy, in all stages of this malignance. Results: Patients with cT1a tumors (and complex cysts, Bosniak III/IV), must be put under active surveillance and delayed intervention. cT1b-T2a/b cases must be managed by partial or radical nephrectomy, some selected T1b-T2a (≤7cm) cases can have the surgery postponed by 60-90 days). Locally advanced tumors (≥cT3 and or N+) must be promptly resected. As possible, minimally invasive surgery and early hospital discharge are encouraged. Upfront cytoreduction, is not recommendable for low risk oligometastatic patients, which must start systemic treatment or even could be put under surveillance and delayed therapy. Intermediate and poor risk metastatic patients must start target therapy and/or immunotherapy (few good responders intermediate cases can have postponed cytoreduction). The recommendation about hereditary RCC syndromes are lacking, thus we recommend its usual care. Local or loco regional recurrence must have individualized approaches. For all cases, we suggest the application of a specific informed consent and a shared therapeutic choice. Conclusion: In the pandemic COVID -19 times, a tailored risk-based approach must be used for a safe management of RCC, aiming to not compromise the oncological outcomes of the patients.
Probing the Nanostructure of Neutron-Irradiated Diamond Using Raman Spectroscopy

Disordering of crystal lattice induced by irradiation with fast neutrons and other high-energy particles is used for the deep modification of electrical and optical properties of diamonds via significant nanoscale restructuring and defects engineering. Raman spectroscopy was employed to investigate the nature of radiation damage below the critical graphitization level created when chemical vapor deposition and natural diamonds are irradiated by fast neutrons with fluencies from 1 × 1018 to 3 × 1020 cm−2 and annealed at the 100–1700 °C range. The significant changes in the diamond Raman spectra versus the neutron-irradiated conditions are associated with the formation of intrinsic irradiation-induced defects that do not completely destroy the crystalline feature but decrease the phonon coherence length as the neutron dose increases. It was shown that the Raman spectrum of radiation-damaged diamonds is determined by the phonon confinement effect and that the boson peak is present in the Raman spectra up to annealing at 800–1000 °C. Three groups of defect-induced bands (first group = 260, 495, and 730 cm−1; second group = 230, 500, 530, 685, and 760 cm–1; and third group = 335, 1390, 1415, and 1740 cm−1) were observed in Raman spectra of fast-neutron-irradiated diamonds.
Multistage Functional Responses in a Ladybeetle-Aphid System: Scaling up from the Laboratory to the Field

Abstract Experiments and models are described that quantify the functional responses of the larval and adult stages of the sevenspot ladybeetle, Coccinella septempunctata L. toward mixed stage populations of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, in cotton. In the laboratory, functional responses were measured for five beetle stages and three size groups of prey at five temperatures (15 to 35°C). The 75 resulting functional responses were each characterized by a search rate (cm2/predator/d) and a handling rate (prey/predator/d). Both search and handling rates increased with predator stage. Search rates increased, while handling rates decreased, with prey size. Search rate increased linearly with temperature, while handling rate showed an optimum response to temperature. Field cage studies were conducted to verify whether the search rates determined in the laboratory were valid under field conditions. Search rates of predators derived from observations in field cages yielded parameter estimates that were similar to those found in the laboratory. A comprehensive model, allowing for effects of temperature, stage distribution of the aphid population, and plant leaf area on predation rate, was then constructed to calculate predation by larvae and adults of C. septempunctata on multi stage populations of prey. This model gave good correspondence to the cage observations if two-sided leaf area was input into the model as search substrate for the predator. The model appears suitable for calculating predation rates of C. septempunctata on A. gossypii under field conditions. A sensitivity analysis of the functional response model shows the crucial effect of crop leaf area on predation.