Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Fe/H] derived from the light curves of RR Lyrae stars in the Galactic halo

Context. The iron abundance of halo RR Lyrae stars can provide important information about the formation history of the Galactic halo. Aims. We determine the [Fe/H] of the sample of halo RRab stars by using the P -$\varphi_{31}$-[Fe/H] relation developed by Jurcsik & Kovacs based on their light curves. We need to extend the relation from the V band to our unfiltered CCD band. Methods. To do this, we use the low-dispersion spectroscopic [Fe/H] of literatures and the photometric data released by the first-generation Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment (ROTSE-I) project. We do regression analyses for the calibrating sample using a linear function and test its validity by comparing of the predicted [Fe/H] with the spectroscopic [Fe/H]. In general, the fit accuracy for the two different [Fe/H] is better than 0.19 dex. Results. We derive an empirical P -$\varphi_{31}$-[Fe/H] linear relation for the unfiltered CCD band (ROTSE-I), i.e. [ Fe/H$]=-3.766-5.350$P$+1.044\varphi_{31}$. In our test, the P -$\varphi_{31}$-[Fe/H] relation is also fit for our unfiltered CCD band. In addition, another linear relation, $\varphi_{31\_V}=0.882+0.792\varphi_{31\_W}$, is also derived for the transformation between the V and W bands. We present the predicted [Fe/H] of the sample (the 31 halo RRab stars) in a catalog. Conclusions. The mean [Fe/H] of the sample is -1.63 with dispersion of 0.45 dex in distribution, which is consistent with the results derived from the blue horizontal branch star candidates by Kinnman et al. (2000, A&A, 364, 102). The mean [Fe/H] values of the RRab stars in the range of 1 kpc, 2 kpc, and 3 kpc from the star 91 (a double-mode RR Lyrae star), are all lower than that of the background halo stars. These values are consistent with that of star 91 suggested by Wu et al. (2005, AJ, 130, 1640), which indicates they might have a common origin.
The Analysis of Categorical Data from Complex Sample Surveys: Chi-Squared Tests for Goodness of Fit and Independence in Two-Way Tables

Abstract The effect of stratification and clustering on the asymptotic distributions of standard Pearson chi-squared test statistics for goodness of fit (simple hypothesis) and independence in a two-way contingency table, denoted as X 2 and XI 2, respectively, is investigated. It is shown that both X 2 and XI 2 are asymptotically distributed as weighted sums of independent χ1 2 random variables. The weights are then related to the familiar design effects (deffs) used by survey samplers. A simple correction to X 2, which requires only the knowledge of variance estimates (or deffs) for individual cells in the goodness-of-fit problem, is proposed and empirical results on the performance of corrected X 2 provided. Empirical work on XI 2 indicated that the distortion of nominal significance level is substantially smaller with XI 2 than with X 2. Some results under simple models for clustering are also given.
A fast explicit algorithm for the time‐dependent Schrödinger equation

An explicit algorithm for the time‐stepping solution of the Schrodinger equation is described, which is second‐order accurate in time. It is a staggered‐time algorithm, in which the real and imaginary parts of the wave function are defined at alternate times. The method combines the speed and simplicity of explicit methods with the accuracy and stability of second‐order implicit methods. Because of this simplicity and speed, the algorithm is well suited for pedagogical applications on personal computers, as well as for computation‐intensive research applications.
Penetration of a blade into a vortex core: vorticity response and unsteady blade forces

Numerical calculations are performed for the problem of penetration into a vortex core of a blade travelling normal to the vortex axis, where the plane formed by the blade span and the direction of blade motion coincides with the normal plane of the vortex axis at the point of penetration. The calculations are based on a computational method, applicable for unsteady three-dimensional flow past immersed bodies, in which a collocation solution of the vorticity transport equation is obtained on a set of Lagrangian control points. Differences between this method and other Lagrangian vorticity-based methods in the literature are discussed. Lagrangian methods of this type are particularly attractive for problems of unsteady vortex-body interaction, since control points need only be placed on the surface of the body and in regions of the flow with non-negligible vorticity magnitude. The computations for normal blade-vortex interaction (BVI) are performed for an inviscid fluid and focus on the relationship between the vortex core deformation due to penetration of the blade into the vortex ambient position and the resulting unsteady pressure field and unsteady force acting on the blade. Computations for cases with different vortex circulations are performed, and the accuracy of an approximate formulation using rapid distortion theory is assessed by comparison with the full computational results for unsteady blade force. The force generated from blade penetration into the vortex ambient position is found to be of a comparable magnitude to various other types of unsteady BVI forces, such as that due to cutting of the vortex axial flow.
Planetary Waves, Cyclogenesis, and the Irregular Breakdown of Zonal Motion over the North Atlantic

Abstract Numerous observational and modeling studies have suggested the importance of cyclogenesis to the breakdown of the zonal flow and the maintenance of atmospheric blocks, whereas other studies have shown that low-frequency dynamics are sufficient to produce and maintain these patterns. Experiments with a simple model of the general circulation and empirical evidence obtained from reanalysis and cyclone tracking data are used to develop a conceptual understanding of this irregular response. The model’s results and observational data are consistent with the idea that the North Atlantic flow response to cyclone forcing is preconditioned by the state of the hemispheric circulation. A characteristic hemispheric flow configuration reminiscent of the shedding of a potential vorticity (PV) filament and tightening of the PV gradient is particularly responsive to cyclogenesis, with the likelihood of below 10th percentile North Atlantic zonal flow under these conditions increased by a factor of 2.37 for each c.
EARLY STAR-FORMING PROCESSES IN DENSE MOLECULAR CLOUD L328; IDENTIFICATION OF L328-IRS AS A PROTO-BROWN DWARF

This paper presents the results of millimeter to sub-millimeter observations of CO, HCN, N2H+, and HCO+ lines in the dense molecular cloud L328, which harbors L328-IRS, a Very Low Luminosity Object (VeLLO). Our analysis of the line width finds that 13CO and N2H+ lines are broadened right over the smallest sub-core S2 where L328-IRS is located, while they are significantly narrower in other regions of L328. Thus, L328-IRS has a direct association with the sub-core. CO observations show a bipolar outflow from this VeLLO with an extent of ∼0.08 pc. The outflow momentum flux and efficiency are much less than those of low-mass protostars. The most likely mass accretion rate (∼3.6 × 10−7 M☉ yr−1) inferred from the analysis of the CO outflow is an order of magnitude smaller than the canonical value for a protostar. If the main accretion lasts during the typical Class 0 period of a protostar, L328-IRS will accrete the mass of a brown dwarf, but not that of a star. Given that its envelope mass is small (∼0.09 M☉) and 100% star formation rate is unlikely, we suggest that L328-IRS is likely a proto-brown dwarf. Inward motions are found in global scale in the L328 cloud and its sub-cores with a typical infall speed found in starless cores. L328 is found to be fairly well isolated from other nearby clouds and seems to be forming three sub-cores simultaneously through a gravitational fragmentation process. Altogether, these all leave L328-IRS as the best example supporting the idea that a brown dwarf forms like a normal star.
The effect of non-normal disturbances and conditional heteroskedasticity on multiple cointegration tests

t is well-known that Johansen's multiple cointegration tests' results and those of Johansen and Juselius' tests for restricrions on cointegrating vectors and their weights have far-reaching implications for economic modelling and analysis. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the tests have desirable finite sample properties. Although the statistics are derived under Gaussian distribution,the asympotic results are derived under a much wider class of distributions. Using simulation, this paper investigates the effect of non-normal disturbances on these tests in finite samples. Further, ARCH/GARCH type conditional heteroskedasticity is present in many economic and financial time series. This paper examines the finite properties of the tests when the error term follows ARCH/GARCH type processes. From the evidence, it appears that researchers should not be overly concerned by the possibility of small departures from non-normality when using Johansen's suggested techniques even in finite samples. ARCH and GARCH effects may be more problematic, however. In particular it becomes more important ro test whether the restriction implicit in the integrated (or near-integrated) ARCH-type Drocess actually holds in time series for the application of the cointegraiion rank tests and the test for restrictions on cointegrating weights. The tests for restrictions on cointegrating vectors apper to be robust for non-normal errors and for all ARCH and GARCH type processes considered.
Beam-Foil Based Efficiency Calibration of a Grazing-Incidence Spectrometer

Foil-excitation at tandem energies has been used to produce 4-electron ions of Mg, Al, Si, P and S. Decay curves of the 2s2-2s2p and 2s2p-2p2 singlet transitions have been obtained. The lifetimes extracted are in good agreement with calculations by Victorov and Safronova. Relative spectrometer efficiencies in the wavelength range 25-75 nm have been derived from a comparison of the intensities of the 2s2p-2p2 transitions and their subsequent appearance as cascades in the decay of the 2s2p 1P0 level. The observation of a smooth radiation continuum from a solid target bombarded with slow heavy ions justifies a smooth interpolation between the discrete calibration wavelengths.
A generalization of Mühlbach's extension principle for determinantal identities

Muhlbach's extension principle for determinantal identities generalizes Muir's law of extensible minors. Some particular issues with Muhlbach–Beckermann's identity [A general determinantal identity of Sylvester type and some applications, Linear Algebra Appl. 197, 198 (1994), pp. 93–112] led to the conjecture of a more general extension method than Muhlbach's. However, no confirmation seems to have been reported so far. In this note, we present a generalization of Muhlbach's extension principle which confirms that conjecture. The whole identity of Muhlbach–Beckermann is put in a simpler form from which a new interpretation as an extension of Leibniz's definition of a determinant.
Soldier detection using unattended acoustic and seismic sensors

During recent military conflicts, as well as for security interventions, the urban zone has taken a preponderant place. Studies have been initiated in national and in international programs to stimulate the technical innovations for these specific scenarios. For example joint field experiments have been organized by the NATO group SET-142 to evaluate the capability for the detection and localization of snipers, mortars or artillery guns using acoustic devices. Another important operational need corresponds to the protection of military sites or buildings. In this context, unattended acoustic and seismic sensors are envisaged to contribute to the survey of specific points by the detection of approaching enemy soldiers. This paper describes some measurements done in an anechoic chamber and in free field to characterize typical sounds generated by the soldier activities (walking, crawling, weapon handling, radio communication, clothing noises.). Footstep, speech and some specific impulsive sounds are detectable at various distances from the source. Such detection algorithms may be easily merged with the existing weapon firing detection algorithms to provide a more generic "battlefield acoustic" early warning system. Results obtained in various conditions (grassy terrain, gravel path, road, forest) will be presented. A method to extrapolate the distances of detection has been developed, based on an acoustic propagation model and applied to the laboratory measurements.
Double extension of quadratic lie superalgebras

In this paper we study Lie superalgebras g with a non-degenerate super-symmetric, consistentg-invariant bilinear form B. Such a (g,B) is called quadratic Lie superalgebra. Our first result generalizes the notion of double extension to quadratic Lie superalgebras. This notion was introduced by Medina and Revoy [8] to study quadratic Lie algebras. In the second theorem, we give a sufficient condition for a quadratic Lie superalgebra to be a double extension. Any nonsimple quadratic Lie superalgebra such that dim is a double extension; also we give an inductive classification of this class of quadratic Lie superalgebras.
On Weak Symmetric Rings

For a ring endomorphism α and an α-derivation δ, we introduce weak symmetric rings and weak (α, δ)-symmetric rings which are a generalization of symmetric rings, and investigate their properties. It is proved that: (1) If R is a (α, δ)-compatible and reversible ring, then R is weak symmetric if and only if R[x; α, δ] is weak symmetric; (2) If R is a semicommutative ring, then R is weak (α, δ)-symmetric if and only if R[x] is weak symmetric, where and are the extended maps of α, δ, respectively.
Modelling and Searching of Combinatorial Spaces Based on Markov Logic Networks

Markov Logic Networks (MLNs) combine Markov networks (MNs) and first-order logic by attaching weights to first-order formulas and using these as templates for features of MNs. Learning the structure of MLNs is performed by state-of-the-art methods by maximizing the likelihood of a relational database. This leads to suboptimal results for prediction tasks due to the mismatch between the objective function (likelihood) and the task of classification (maximizing conditional likelihood (CL)). In this paper we propose two algorithms for learning the structure of MLNs. The first maximizes the CL of query predicates instead of the joint likelihood of all predicates while the other maximizes the area under the Precision-Recall curve (AUC). Both algorithms set the parameters by maximum likelihood and choose structures by maximizing CL or AUC. For each of these algorithms we develop two different searching strategies. The first is based on Iterated Local Search and the second on Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure. We compare the performances of these randomized search approaches on real-world datasets and show that on larger datasets, the ILS-based approaches perform better, both in terms of CLL and AUC, while on small datasets, ILS and RBS approaches are competitive and RBS can also lead to better results for AUC.
A comparison of two linear methods of estimating the parameters of ARMA models

A finite-order stationary and minimum-phase ARMA (autoregressive moving-average) (p,q) model is equivalent to an infinite-order AR (autoregressive) model. Two methods of estimating the parameters of the ARMA (p,q) model by solving only linear equations are based on or closely related to this equivalence relation. One method was derived directly from the equivalence relation by D. Graupe et al. (ibid., vol.AC-20, p.104-107, Feb. 1975). The other was derived by S. Li and B.W. Dickinson (ibid., vol.AC-31, p.275-278, Mar. 1986 and IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process., vol.ASSP-36, p.502-512, Apr. 1988) based on an iterated least-squares regression approach. The end results bear close resemblance to those of Graupe et al. The two methods are compared, and ways to improve the parameter estimates are suggested. >
Image processing assisted locomotion observation of cockroach Blaptica Dubia

High-speed camera recordings are very useful for analysis of animal behaviors. However, in earlier studies, the analysis has to be conducted by manually extracting data from video, which is not only time-consuming but also subjective. In this work, we developed a new method of movement tracking for an easy locomotion observation, and applied this method to the motion analysis of the cockroach, Blaptica Dubia. Image processing algorithms were developed to extract information of points of interest on cockroaches, which was implemented in two steps: identification and tracking. With the developed method, experiments were conducted focusing mainly on velocity, gait and stability. The results showed the feasibility of the new method for more intensive locomotion observation with applications in walking robots.
Dispersion resulting from flow through spatially periodic porous media

A rigorous theory of dispersion in both granular and sintered spatially-periodic porous media is presented, utilizing concepts originating from Brownian motion theory. A precise prescription is derived for calculating both the Darcy-scale interstitial velocity vector v* and dispersivity dyadic D* of a tracer particle. These are expressed in terms of the local fluid velocity vector field v at each point within the interstices of a unit cell of the spatially periodic array and, for the dispersivity, the molecular diffusivity of the tracer particle through the fluid. Though the theory is complete, numerical results are not yet available owing to the complex structure of the local interstitial velocity field v. However, as an illustrative exercise, the theory is shown to correctly reduce in an appropriate limiting case to the well-known Taylor-Aris results for dispersion in circular capillaries.
Accompanying document to "Point Estimation with Exponentially Tilted Empirical Likelihood"

Parameters defined via General Estimating Equations (GEE) can be estimated by maximizing the Empirical Likelihood (EL). Newey and Smith (2004) have recently shown that this EL estimator exhibits desirable higher-order asymptotic properties, namely, that its O(n^-1) bias is small and that bias-corrected EL is higher-order efficient. Although EL possesses these properties when the model is correctly specified, this paper shows that, in the presence of model misspecification, EL may cease to be root n convergent when the functions defining the moment conditions are unbounded (even when their expectations are bounded). In contrast, the related Exponential Tilting (ET) estimator avoids this problem. This paper shows that the ET and EL estimators can be naturally combined to yield an estimator called Exponentially Tilted Empirical Likelihood (ETEL) exhibiting the same O(n^-1) bias and the same O(n^-2) variance as EL, while maintaining root n convergence under model misspecification.
Formation of three-dimensional quantum-dot superlattices in amorphous systems: Experiments and Monte Carlo simulations

Quantum dots ordered in regular lattices, called quantum dot superlattices, offer numerous possibilities for the creation of novel materials. The formation of such structures during multilayer deposition has been studied and explained satisfactorily only in crystalline materials. Here we are reporting the spontaneous formation of quantum dot superlattices in amorphous systems. The observed superlattices comprise Ge quantum dots embedded in amorphous SiO2 matrix. The internal structure and shape of Ge quantum dots can be controlled by post-deposition thermal annealing. The superlattices show collective behavior properties that appear to be the consequence of a regular ordering of quantum dots. The observed self-organized growth is explained and successfully simulated by a theoretical model based on the interplay of diffusion-mediated nucleation and surface morphology effects. The presented results can be applied more generally and show the ability of formation of regularly ordered, densely packed and uniformly-sized quantum-dot arrays in amorphous matrices.
Model for two-beam coupling during the formation of holographic gratings with a nematic film-polymer-slice sequence structure

We present a model accounting for the main features of the wave coupling process that takes place during the UV curing of diffraction gratings made of liquid crystal films separated by slices of polymeric material. The effect depends on the phase shift between the curing interference pattern and the grating being cured. For a unit ratio of the impinging beam intensities, the model confirms the absence of energy transfer, as experimentally observed. When the ratio is not at its unit value, the beam coupling tends to equalize the intensities of the two beams as they propagate inside the sample.
A Stochastic Model Of The Eyam Plague

A stochastic differential difference equation model is presented which simulates an outbreak of plague within a closed populatian. The data for this model are taken from that of Eyam, Derbyshire, England, which experienced such an outbreak following the Great Plague of Londan. The numerical results produced are campared with the available Eyam data, and with the corresponding results produced by the author (see (1)), using a deterministic differential equatian model.
New Lines in Isoelectronic Sequences of Argon I from V VI to Ni XI and in isoelectronic Sequences of Potassium I from Cr VI to Cu XI

A method of differentiation between highly ionized spectra has enabled extension of the argon i isoelectronic sequences of the 3p54s and 3p5 5s levels. A sequence of 3p5(²P32)4d and 3p5(²P12)4d levels is established. The potassium i isoelectronic sequences of 3p63d–3p6nf transitions are also extended.Lines of the following ions are reported: V vi, Cr vi and vii, Mn viii, Fe viii and ix, Co ix and x, Ni x and xi, Cu xi.
(1, 2) AND WEAK (1, 3) HOMOTOPIES ON KNOT PROJECTIONS

In this paper, we obtain the necessary and sufficient condition that two knot projections are related by a finite sequence of the first and second flat Reidemeister moves (Theorem 2.2). We also consider an equivalence relation that is called weak (1, 3) homotopy. This equivalence relation occurs by the first flat Reidemeister move and one of the third flat Reidemeister moves. We introduce a map sending weak (1, 3) homotopy classes to knot isotopy classes (Sec. 3). Using the map, we determine which knot projections are trivialized under weak (1, 3) homotopy (Corollary 4.1).
RESOLVING THE SONOLUMINESCENCE PULSE SHAPE WITH A STREAK CAMERA

The shape of the short light pulses emitted from a single air bubble trapped in a resonant sound field in degassed water has been measured directly for the first time with a streak camera. At low driving pressures the pulse shape is nearly Gaussian with a slightly slower decay. With increasing driving pressure the fall time and thereby the width of the pulse increases, while the rise time remains almost constant.
Investigating the stability of zinc oxide thin film transistors

The stability of thin film transistors incorporating sputtered ZnO as the channel layer is investigated under gate bias stress. Positive stress results in a positive shift of the transfer characteristics, while negative stress results in a negative shift. Low bias stress has no effect on the subthreshold characteristics. This instability is believed to be a consequence of charge trapping at/near the channel/insulator interface. Higher biases and longer stress times cause degradation of the subthreshold slope, which is thought to arise as a consequence of defect state creation within the ZnO channel material. After all stress measurements, the devices recover their original characteristics at room temperature without any annealing.