Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Layer Fault Tolerance for Distributed Real-Time Systems

This thesis addresses issues in building fault-tolerant distributed real-time systems. Such systems are increasingly deployed in automotive and avionics applications. We focus on the design and validation of fault tolerance mechanisms. From the design viewpoint, we develop the notion of multi-layer fault tolerance. A fault-tolerant distributed system contains a set of mechanisms that provide error detection and recovery. Those mechanisms can be structured into three different layers, based on where they are implemented and what parts of the system they involve. Circuit layer mechanisms provide the basic fault tolerance implemented in hardware; node layer mechanisms are executed locally in computer nodes; and system layer techniques involve multiple computer nodes to prevent faults from disturbing the system. We make a probabilistic modeling analysis to compare federated to integrated architectures. Federated architectures have few or no fault tolerance mechanisms at the node layer and a node is the elementary unit of failure; integrated architectures provide robust partitioning mechanisms at the node layer in order to ensure that individual tasks are the unit of failure. We compare the reliability of the two architectures and propose a set of guidelines for building integrated architectures. The thesis also addresses the problem of distributed redundancy management. We propose a group membership protocol to achieve consensus on the operational state of all nodes. The protocol is based on the principle that each message sent by a node in the membership is acknowledged by k other nodes, in a system with n nodes. Agreement on node departure is guaranteed if no more than f=k-1 failures occur during n consecutive transmission slots. Additionally, we provide a solution for the reintegration of restarted nodes in the membership. This protocol is part of the system layer of fault tolerance mechanisms. We address the validation of fault tolerance mechanisms by fault injection. This thesis describes an automated analysis technique to reduce the cost of fault injection campaigns. The analysis uses knowledge of program flow and resource usage to eliminate faults that have no possibility of activation. Our experimental results show that the fault-spaces are reduced by several orders of magnitude, when compared with the usual random approach.
Middle Holocene relative sea‐level changes and vertical tectonic crustal movements on Shikoku Island near the Nankai Trough, Japan

The Philippine Sea plate subducts beneath the Eurasia plate at the Nankai Trough, northwestern Pacific, causing crustal deformation, mega‐thrust earthquakes, and tsunami events. Shikoku Island, 150 km northwest of the trough, experiences both coseismic and interseismic deformation. Coastal sediments potentially record vertical crustal movements as relative sea level (RSL) changes. We studied sedimentary facies and microfossil ostracodes in core SKM from southwestern Shikoku Island for evidence of middle Holocene tsunami events and deformation. The core sediments included nine event layers corresponding to storm or tsunami events. Using modern analog techniques, we estimated RSLs from the ostracode assemblages of core SKM and 13 other cores from Shikoku Island and the surrounding region. Then, we subtracted RSL changes due to glacio‐hydro isostatic adjustment from the estimated RSLs to estimate vertical tectonic movement rates in these cores between 8.6 and 4.7 ka. The inferred RSL changes suggest that the Sukumo site has experienced both uplift and subsidence since 8.6 ka. Before 6.6 ka, rates of tectonic crustal movement were higher than the modern‐day rate, and its spatial distribution also differed. After 6.6 ka, tectonic crustal movement showed a similar spatial pattern and occurred at rates close to the modern day interseismic rate. The spatial pattern and rates of tectonic crustal movement could be caused by changes in rupture areas between the Eurasia and the Philippine Sea plates beneath the Shikoku Island and in stress condition of the asthenosphere. Some of the vertical displacements can be explained by the movements of local active faults.
Optical Dating of Quartz Grains From the Minjiang Fluvial Terraces in the Sonpan Area on the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

The fluvial terraces along the banks of the Minjiang River are very important for understanding the tectonic activities of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and have been widely investigated. However, the reliability of the ages previously reported for the terraces needs further evaluation. In this study, the Minjiang River terraces in the Sonpan area from Hongqiaoguan to the Songpan town were investigated and dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques on quartz grains. Seven strath terraces (T1–T7) were recognized based on the exposures of fluvial sediment and the elevation of bedrock strath, and two of them have been reported by previous studies. The terrace deposits and overlying loess were sampled for OSL dating. The samples exhibited a large scatter in D e, even for loess samples, which could be attributed to poor bleaching at deposition. However, the OSL ages obtained using the minimum age model were underestimated, and those obtained using the central age model are considered relatively reliable based on stratigraphic and geomorphological consistency and the comparison of the ages between stratigraphically parallel samples. The results show that the loess samples overlying fluvial terrace sediments were deposited later than terrace formation and their OSL ages cannot represent the terrace formation ages. The T1, T3, T4, T5, and T6 terraces were dated to 13.5 ± 0.6, 29.0 ± 1.7, 48.0 ± 3.3, 44.3 ± 5.2 and 63.8 ± 4.7 ka, respectively. The T4 and T5 terraces may be the same terrace with a weighted mean age of 46.9 ± 2.8 ka. The ages of the T2 and T7 terraces were inferred to be ∼20 and ∼80 ka, respectively, based on the relationship between strath ages and elevations of the other terraces. The mean bedrock river incision rates were calculated to be 1.2 ± 0.1 mm/a for the time period of 64 ka for the T6 terrace—14 ka for the T1 terrace, and 0.15 mm/a for the past 14 ka.
Bloodstream Infections in a COVID-19 Non-ICU Department: Microbial Epidemiology, Resistance Profiles and Comparative Analysis of Risk Factors and Patients’ Outcome

Background: Bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by highly resistant pathogens in non-ICU COVID-19 departments pose important challenges. Methods: We performed a comparative analysis of incidence and microbial epidemiology of BSI in COVID-19 vs. non-COVID-19, non-ICU departments between 1 September 2020-31 October 2021. Risk factors for BSI and its impact on outcome were evaluated by a case-control study which included COVID-19 patients with/without BSI. Results: Forty out of 1985 COVID-19 patients developed BSI. The mean monthly incidence/100 admissions was 2.015 in COVID-19 and 1.742 in non-COVID-19 departments. Enterococcus and Candida isolates predominated in the COVID-19 group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.018, respectively). All Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were carbapenem-resistant (CR). In the COVID-19 group, 33.3% of Klebsiella pneumoniae was CR, 50% of Escherichia coli produced ESBL and 19% of Enterococcus spp. were VRE vs. 74.5%, 26.1% and 8.8% in the non-COVID-19 group, respectively. BSI was associated with prior hospitalization (p = 0.003), >2 comorbidities (p < 0.001), central venous catheter (p = 0.015), severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and lack of COVID-19 vaccination (p < 0.001). In the multivariate regression model also including age and multiple comorbidities, only BSI was significantly associated with adverse in-hospital outcome [OR (CI95%): 21.47 (3.86–119.21), p < 0.001]. Conclusions: BSI complicates unvaccinated patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and increases mortality. BSI pathogens and resistance profiles differ among COVID-19/non-COVID-19 departments, suggesting various routes of pathogen acquisition.
The effect of the course review horay learning model on students' mathematical reasoning abilities

Mathematics is a science that is acquired through reason because one of the goals of mathematics education is for students to develop the ability to reason. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the Course Review Horay learning model on students' mathematical reasoning abilities. This research is a type of quantitative research. The sampling strategy of cluster random sampling was used to select the sample in this research. The instrument used to collect data is a test of mathematical reasoning abilities in the form of description questions. Normality test, homogeneity, and hypothesis testing with t-test are part of the data analysis approach of this research. Based on the results of the t-test analysis, the results obtained sig. (2-tailed), where the result is 0.000 which is smaller than 0.05. So, it can be concluded that there is an effect of the Course Review Horay learning model on students' mathematical reasoning abilities.
Using warm compresses to reduce IL-1β levels in dysmenorrhea: An evaluation of quasy experimental study

Primary dysmenorrhoea is a gynochological problems that occured among adolescents and women of reproductive age. In primary dysmenorrhea an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β levels. The aim of this study was determine the effect of warm compresses to reduce IL-1β levels in primary dysmenorrhoea. Research desaign used quasy experiment with pretest-posttest control group design and post test only control group design. The population of this study were all students of Health Science Faculty of Unipdu Jombang who experienced dysmenorrhoea, with a total sample of 24 respondents taken by using simple random sampling techniques and met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Hot water bag were the equiptments of this study. The instrument for measuring pain used NRS (Numeric Rating Scale), IL-1 β levels used the ELISA method. The data analyzed by using Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney Test with α ≤ 0.05. The results of study showed there was an effect of warm compresses on dysmenorrhea with a significant value (ρ) of 0.000 (p ≤ 0.05). There were significant differences of the intensity of menstrual pain and IL-1β levels between warm compress group vs. control group (p≤0.05). Warm compresses are effectively to reduce IL-1β levels on primary dysmenorrhea, it can be used as an alternative intervention to overcome complaints of primary dysmenorrhea.
Effectiveness of Active Labour Market Policies in the EU Countries for the Young Unemployed People and Implications for the Post-pandemic Period

The Covid-19 pandemic has exposed vulnerability of young people in the labour market. Young people are faced with risks and an uncertain future, as well as changing the nature of labour markets. Active labour market policies are addressed as the main instrument to improve employment possibilities of young people in the light of the Covid-19 pandemic situation and its aftermath. This paper analyses the effectiveness of active labour market policies in reducing youth unemployment for the EU-26 Member States using aggregate data. Based on dynamic generalised methods of moments-GMM panel data approach, we find that active labour market policies do not support reduction of youth unemployment. Moreover, unfavourable prospects in the formal sector push young people into the informal sector. Considering the multiple shocks with which young people are being faced with, and the long-term pandemic impact, it suggests the scarring effect for young people. The analysis of the effectiveness of active labour market policy in reducing youth unemployment is of particular policy relevance, as the negative effects of the pandemic COVID-19 crisis are imminent, and the labour market situation is expected to worsen due to the fall in economic activity. Different measures of success would bring societal benefits not only from the public health perspective, but also from the perspective of well-being of young people. Moreover, OECD & European Commission (2022), in their joint policy brief, argue that investing in the growth sectors such as the circular economy, digital economy and the green economy would have the potential to employ young job seekers.
In vitro marginal and internal adaptation of four different base materials used to elevate proximal dentin gingival margins

Background There is still debate about the most appropriate restorative material category to relocate the proximal deep cervical margins, thus, this study aimed to compare the marginal and internal adaptation of four base materials used for deep margin elevation, and to evaluate each base material/overlying composite interface. Material and Methods Fifty six molars received class II cavities with dentin/cementum gingival margins. They were divided into four groups and their gingival margins were elevated using either; resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI), highly viscous conventional glass ionomer (HV-GIC), flowable bulk fill resin composite (Bulk Flow) and bioactive ionic resin (Activa). The rest of the cavities were completed with the same overlying composite. Half of each group was either; kept in sterile water for 1 week, or subjected to 18 months water storage and 15,000 thermal cycles. Base materials/gingival dentin interfaces were examined under a scanning electron microscope at different magnifications, and percentage of continuous margin (% CM) and maximum gap width (MGW) were analyzed, in addition to base materials/overlying composite interfaces evaluations. % CM values were statistically analyzed using Two-way analysis of variance, Tukey post hoc tests (at p<0.05) and Pearson’s correlation while MGW values were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U tests and Spearmen correlation Results Both Bulk Flow and Activa had better marginal integrity than RMGI and HV-GIC. All base materials were adversely affected by aging. All base materials/overlying composite interfaces were continuous and age defying. Conclusions In terms of marginal integrity, Bulk Flow and Activa might be preferable for proximal dentin margin elevation under direct restoration compared to the other tested base materials. Key words:Deep proximal margin, interface analysis, marginal quality, open sandwich technique.
Is Economic Freedom a Moderator of the Relationship Between Bank Capital and Profitability?

The study uses the GMM and panel OLS framework on the data of the US banks over the period ‎from 2002 to 2019 to reveal the moderating role of economic freedom on the ‎relationship between bank capital and ‎profitability. The overall findings show that ‎economic freedom and bank capital positively influence ‎banks' profitability. The results reveal that economic freedom positively (negatively) moderates the relationship between risk-based (traditional) capital ratio. Furthermore, the results also find heterogeneity in the relationship across different market conditions (before and after crisis) and bank characteristics (well or undercapitalized, high and low liquid banks). The results ‎remain robust for ‎alternative methodology and proxies. The heterogeneity of findings has ‎implications for ‎policymakers in banking for the improvement of the financial system.
Why are manufacturing SMEs cancelling their ISO 9001 certification? Research from Italy

Abstract We investigated why Italian manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs) cancelled ISO 9001 certification from the Italian database and the problems and difficulties that led to this. Eight such problems derived from a literature review and interviews with a Delphi panel of 20 experts were tested through an online questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed by 167 managers from Italian SMEs that have cancelled their ISO 9001 certification. Costs related to consultancy and certification body are no longer a difficulty for maintaining ISO 9001 and neither are misinterpretations with the external auditors or paperwork. Internal audits are considered a problem when they are not managed with the aim of measuring performances. Staff can represent a cost when just dedicated to administrative and bureaucratic activities. The more relevant difficulties were top management commitment, measurability of performances and customers’ current lack of interest in ISO 9001. Respondents’ comments also provided interesting suggestions for practitioners such as quality managers and quality consultants to avoid mistakes while maintaining ISO 9001 certification.
The mind of the beholder: congruence effects in luxury product placements

Abstract This research demonstrates that viewers increase purchase intentions when they view luxury product placements in movie scenes, particularly when luxury associations are activated and when background scenes are congruent with the product’s luxury image. In Study 1, participants view a luxury handbag appearing against upscale congruent or downscale incongruent backgrounds. In Study 2, participants are primed to associate with high or low social classes before they view a luxury product placed in upscale or downscale movie scenes. In Study 3, participants read a news article that describes the placed luxury product as a genuine high-end product or as a discount brand.
How do foodservice companies organize for inbound open innovation? Empirical evidence from a Dutch organization

PurposeThe aim of the paper is to analyze how actors in foodservice companies organize for inbound open innovation (OI). Design/methodology/approachThis paper conducted a case analysis of a large and successful foodservice company operating in the Dutch market. Furthermore, drawing on 18 interviews and archive data, we identified the main organizational practices involved in the implementation of inbound innovation activities and the ways they are embraced are defined.FindingsThe results provide a holistic view of the main organizational practices a foodservice company implemented at different organizational levels, to exploit external knowledge coming from third parties and to promote the sharing and recombination of knowledge resources within the organization. The identified organizational practices reveal the main interaction patterns between relevant internal actors and other external parties in the company network, as well as between actors on different hierarchical organizational levels which allows processing relevant innovation information and make relevant decisions about it.Research limitations/implicationsImplications are provided in terms of both theory and practice. This paper helps foodservice companies to create an internal organizational environment that supports the exploitation of customer knowledge.Originality/valueThere are few studies on how companies organize themselves for OI in general, and especially in the foodservice sector.
Effects of Vehicular Communication on Risk Assessment in Automated Driving Vehicles

This paper proposes a human-centered risk assessment algorithm designed to find the intervention moment of drive mode and active safety mode while monitoring threat vehicles ahead to overcome effects of vehicular communication on risk assessment in automated driving vehicle. Although a conventional radar system is known to be best fitted on-board ranging sensor in terms of longitudinal safety, it is generally not enough for a reliable automated driving because of sensing uncertainty of the traffic environments and incomplete perception results due to sensor limitations. This can be overcome by implementing vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication which provides complementary source of target vehicle’s dynamic behavior. Using V2V communication with vehicle internal and surround information obtained from the on-board sensor system, future vehicle motion has been predicted. With accurately predicted motion of a remote vehicle, a collision risk and the automated drive mode are determined by incorporating human factor. Effects of the V2V communication on a human-centered risk assessment algorithm have been investigated through a safe triangle analysis. The computer simulation studies have been conducted in order to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. It has been shown that the V2V communication with the proposed risk assessment algorithm allows a faster drive mode decision and active safety intervention moment.
III-Nitride Short Period Superlattices for Deep UV Light Emitters

III-Nitride short period superlattices (SPSLs), whose period does not exceed ~2 nm (~8 monolayers), have a few unique properties allowing engineering of light-emitting devices emitting in deep UV range of wavelengths with significant reduction of dislocation density in the active layer. Such SPSLs can be grown using both molecular beam epitaxy and metal organic chemical vapor deposition approaches. Of the two growth methods, the former is discussed in more detail in this review. The electrical and optical properties of such SPSLs, as well as the design and fabrication of deep UV light-emitting devices based on these materials, are described and discussed.
Exploring Quercetin Anti-Osteoporosis Pharmacological Mechanisms with In Silico and In Vivo Models

Since osteoporosis critically influences the lives of patients with a high incidence, effective therapeutic treatments are important. Quercetin has been well recognized as a bone-sparing agent and thus the underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation. In the current study, the network pharmacology strategy and zebrafish model were utilized to explain the potential pharmacological effects of quercetin on osteoporosis. The potential targets and related signaling pathways were explored through overlapping target prediction, protein–protein interaction network construction, and functional enrichment analysis. Furthermore, we performed docking studies to verify the specific interactions between quercetin and crucial targets. Consequently, 55 targets were related to osteoporosis disease among the 159 targets of quercetin obtained by three database sources. Thirty hub targets were filtered through the cytoNCA plugin. Additionally, the Gene Ontology functions in the top 10 respective biological processes, molecular functions, and cell components as well as the top 20 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were depicted. The most significance difference in the KEGG pathways was the TNF signaling pathway, consisting of the Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit (NF-κB), Extracellular Regulated Protein Kinases (ERK) 1/2, Activator Protein 1 (AP-1), Interleukin 6 (IL6), Transcription factor AP-1 (Jun), and Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase (PI3K), which were probably involved in the pharmacological effects. Moreover, molecular docking studies revealed that the top three entries were Interleukin 1 Beta (IL1B), the Nuclear Factor NF-Kappa-B p65 Subunit (RelA), and the Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1 (NFKB1), respectively. Finally, these results were verified by alizarin red-stained mineralized bone in zebrafish and related qPCR experiments. The findings probably facilitate the mechanism elucidation related to quercetin anti-osteoporosis action.