Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Imidacloprid, spinosad and mixed toxicity induced histopathological and ultrastructural alterations in liver in broilers and its amelioration with vitamin E and silymarin

The present study was designed to know the histopathological and ultrastructural alteration due to imidacloprid and spinosad (neonicotinoid and bacterial insecticide respectively) and their amelioration with vitamin E and silymarin in male Cobb broiler chicken. The experiment was carried out for 28 days. Histopathologically, group 2 liver section revealed congestion of central vein. In group 3 birds, the lesions found in liver sections were varied degrees of degeneration in hepatocytes. Histopathological changes of liver in group 4 were severe congestion of central vein and sinusoidal spaces. The microscopic changes in group 5 liver were mild vacuolar degeneration and group 6 liver sections revealed moderate to severe vacuolar degeneration. Ultrastructurally, group 2 liver revealed altered shape and size of nucleus and mitochondria. Group 3 liver section revealed mild hypertrophy of Kupffer cells and condensed mitochondria. Group 4 liver revealed swollen hepatocyte, disrupted and discontinuous rough endoplasmic reticulum. Group 5 liver was characterized by vacuolation in cytoplasm and variation in shape and size of nucleus. Group 6 liver showed mild to moderate vacuolar degeneration in cytoplasm.
Candida auris: a bibliometric analysis of the first ten years of research (2009–2018)

Candida auris (C. auris) is an emerging multidrug resistant fungus considered as the cause of several nosocomial infections of bad prognosis. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of global scientific research on C. auris since it was isolated first in 2009. A systematic search was conducted in Scopus databases in the period of 2009–2018 and a total of 227 indexed documents were retrieved. A sharp increase in the number of studies related to drug and multidrug resistance of C. auris during 2016–2018 was observed, coinciding with an increase in the number of first-case and outbreak reports worldwide. The leading countries based on the number of publications were United States, India, and the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, Netherlands ranked first when (i) ratio between the number of citations and number of publications, (ii) ratio between the number of publications and gross domestic product (GDP), and (iii) ratio between the number of citations and GDP were used as indicators of productivity. Despite the recent emergence of the topic since the first-case report in 2009, recent research efforts have allowed identifying Ibrexafungerp (SCY-078) and Rezafungin (CD101) as possible candidates for facing the actual antifungal resistance of C. auris.
POST HOC ANALYSIS OF THE IMPROVEMENT IN SHOULDER SPASTICITY AND SAFETY OBSERVED FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH INCOBOTULINUMTOXINA

Jörg WISSEL, MD, FRCP1, Djamel BENSMAIL, MD, PhD2, Astrid SCHESCHONKA, MD, PhD3, Birgit FLATAU-BAQUÉ, Dipl-Stat3, Olivier SIMON, MD, PhD4, Michael ALTHAUS, MD, FFPM3 and David M. SIMPSON, MD, FAAN5 From the 1Vivantes Hospital Spandau, Berlin, Germany, 2Raymond-Poincaré Hospital, University of Versailles, Saint Quentin, Garches, France, 3Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH and 4Formerly of Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany and 5Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
Morphometric Analysis of Maxillary Central Incisor to Determine its Crown Form: A Model-based Cross-sectional Study

The size and shape of tooth crowns are morphogenetically predetermined during embryogenesis. The maxillary central incisors have contributed to sexual dimorphism, and several classifications of the form of maxillary central incisors are available in the literature. We, in the present study, aimed to analyze the mesiodistal (MD) measurements at two levels of maxillary central incisor, to determine its crown form. The study was conducted on 100 dental plaster models (50 males and 50 females). The MD dimensions at the contact area level MD_incisal (MD_I) and at the gingival papilla level (MD_G) and the gingivo-incisal height of the crown were measured in the dental models using digital Vernier caliper. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 statistical software. The mean values of all the three parameters measured were slightly greater for males and also for the left central incisors. There were no significant differences in all the three variables when the right and left incisors were compared. Significant differences were noted when the parameters are compared between genders. The height/width ratio of crown showed a significant difference between male and female. The value of the ratio between the two MD dimensions (MD_I and MD_G) was used to determine the crown form. The ratio between the MD dimensions at incisal and gingival area showed a significant difference between genders and no such significance was found between right and left central incisors. There is a significant difference in the form of maxillary central incisors between male and female samples and not between right and left. The MD dimensions at incisal and gingival thirds decide the form of crown.
Clustering of Fiber-Break Related Events in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Acoustic Emission

The objective of this paper is to develop a technique capable to providing timely warning of the onset of critical damage events that precede the catastrophic failure of composite specimens. The sequential failure of numerous adjacent fibers is known to trigger the final fracture of composite structural elements. In this paper, the detection of the formation of such critical clusters of fiber breaks among the millions of damage events that include matrix cracks, delamination, and individual fiber breaks, is shown to be feasible through cross-correlation of acoustic emission waveforms. Acoustic emissions released during static loading of [0/90]3S cross-ply and [+45/90/-45/0]2S quasi-isotropic specimens were examined in detail for a large number of specimens.
Evaluation of Enset Clones for Their Reaction to Bacterial Wilt of Enset (Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum) in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Bacterial wilt of enset is one of the major threats for the enset production in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Even though the use of resistant clones has been an effective management strategy for the disease, such clones are not well identified. Hence, twenty five enset clones, collected from Gurage zone, were evaluated for their reaction to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm) in potted experiment under greenhouse conditions. Twelve suckers were grown for all the 25 clones and ten were inoculated with Xcm pathogen at a concentration of 10 cfu/ml and the other suckers were kept untreated as a control. All the 25 enset clones showed wilt symptom but at varying levels of the disease severity. Only one clone (Gezwet) was resistant, 7 clones moderately resistance, 6 clones susceptible and the other 11 clones were highly susceptible to the disease based on wilt incidence, incubation time and Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). The mean incubation period ranges from 16.2 (on Yeregye clone) to 42.2 days (on Gezwet clone). The complete wilting period was also longer for the resistant clone and shorter for susceptible clones. Therefore, Gezwet clone and the other moderately resistant clones were recommended for farmers to incorporate in their farming.
S2049847019000591jra 1..16

Though the demographic characteristics of judicial nominees in the United States have gained increased political attention in recent years, relatively little is known about how they affect public opinion toward judicial nominees and courts. We evaluate these relationships in the context of race and gender using a conjoint experiment conducted during a recent vacancy on the U.S. Supreme Court. We find consistent evidence that Americans are more supportive of coracial nominees, particularly among white Republicans and Black Democrats, but no evidence of a similar effect on the basis of gender. Our results have important implications for theories of descriptive representation and suggest limits to its use as a means for generating political support for judicial nominees.
Institutions and Macroeconomic Instability in Nigeria

Despite the massive resources emanating from oil wealth, Nigeria has been unable to achieve long-term growth stabilisation, and the implications have been more injurious than ever imagined. The problems of bad leadership, wrong policy measures, among other contending issues, have been attributed to this growing menace. This has led to critical thinking at virtually all level of social gatherings as to how the institutions can be best harnessed for macroeconomic stabilisation in Nigeria. In evaluating its objectives, this study employs the two-step Engle and Granger estimation procedure to analyse time-series data on price instability index and institutional quality index to account for the variations in macroeconomic instability as induced by institutional frameworks. Findings reveal that rule of law, control of corruption, government effectiveness and political stability and the absence of violence have a significant but negative relationship with macroeconomic instability in Nigeria in the short run. Based on findings from the study, the government should create an enabling environment for the society to engage its leadership challenges to be able to stamp out impediments that will deter its ability to stabilize its macroeconomic objectives.
Tree community structure and recruitment dynamics in savanna woodlands

Climate, fire and herbivory rank among the key factors and processes shaping savanna woodland community composition and diversity. We analyzed recruitment dynamics, community biomass, diversity, stability and composition and their relationships with rainfall fluctuations and herbivory in a savanna woodland community in the Masai Mara National Reserve of Kenya. Seedling and sapling recruitment varied differentially over time among the five commonest tree species. Rainfall exerted both positive and negative effects on recruitment dynamics, with saplings responding to longer rainfall lags than seedlings. The proportion of trees damaged by browsers peaked at intermediate rainfall levels and was higher for adults than seedlings or saplings. Community biomass, species richness and evenness increased with increasing rainfall. Biomass decreased, whereas richness and evenness hardly varied over time. Both rare and common species occurred in more diverse communities, prevalent at high rainfall locations, suggesting strong nestedness in community composition. Moreover, community stability and diversity appeared unrelated. Protection from browsers and lower per capita browsing pressure at high rainfall apparently enable rare species to successfully establish and elevate species diversity. If climate change makes droughts more frequent and intense and lowers soil moisture, browsing intensity could increase, reducing diversity and recruitment, especially of rare, stress-sensitive species. Key words: Masai Mara, species diversity, habitat filtering, rainfall, browsing, fire, competition, stochastic processes, tree biomass.
Co-administration of vitamin E and selenium in vivo and in vitro ameliorates the toxic effects caused by ivermection and doramectin

Avermectins are used in animals and humans for their broad-spectrum effects against parasites causing cytotoxicity and damage to the cellular DNA. In this study, we examined the toxicological changes of ivermectin (IVM) and doramectin (DME) with or without the co-administration of vitamin E (Vit. E) and selenium (Se). The drugs used were for animal use. Twenty-five adult male rats were divided into five groups. Group 1 (control) was given saline, Group 2 was given IVM (0.2 mg/kg b.w.), Group 3 was given IVM and Vit. E/Se (80/1.6 mg/kg b.w., respectively), Group 4 received DME (0.2 mg/kg b.w.), and Group 5 received DME and Vitamin E/Se. Both IVM and DME were given by subcutaneous injections whereas Vit. E and Se were given orally. All the treatments were given once per week throughout the eight weeks. Although the doses were off-label use, they were given in a long-term course to unveil their toxicity effects in a clear manner and the response of the amelioration. By 24-h after the 8th week, the rats were sacrificed. Their blood was sampled for the haematological and serobiochemical examinations. Histopathological changes and caspase-3 were determined in the hepatic and renal tissues. The histopathological findings showed that Vit. E and Se reduced the cellular changes induced by IVM or DME, indicating that Vit. E and Se protect against both types of avermectins, and that DME was safer than IVM. The cytotoxicity was assessed on a human embryo kidney (HEK) and skin cells by the SRB/IC50 method and AO/EB (acridine orange-ethidium bromide) staining. Both IVM and DME caused apoptosis in the cultured HEK more than in the skin cells (80% vs. 30%, respectively). The cellular apoptosis in response to the IVM was more than that of DME, and the use of Vit. E and Se reduced the cytotoxicity as observed by caspase-3, in vivo, and IC50, in vitro.
An Integrated Success Model for Adopting Biometric Authentication Technique for District Health Information Management System 2, Ghana

This paper evaluated users’ perspective of adopting a biometric authentication technique by utilizing a proposed model derived from the technology acceptance model to determine how effective user accepts a proposed keystroke biometric authentication in an E-Health System. This paper combined the TAM of Davis et al with the success adoption model of DeLone and McLean where external variables for the TAM of Davis et al were derived from the four dimensions considered in the model of DM. The research design is a self-administered survey and the empirical part of the research is quantitative. The aim of the empirical part is to test the fit of the conceptual model with received data based on a questionnaire. This paper uses a cross-sectional approach that provides a “snapshot” of the secured system’s usefulness and ease-of-use from the perspective of the end-users. Based on empirical findings, users with a higher degree of perceived usefulness, privacy concerns, and security concerns will demonstrate a more positive attitude towards adopting keystroke biometric authentication in an e-Health System. The proposed model and its elements prove that it can be a useful tool for decision makers in evaluating authentication techniques in e-health systems.
A manualized parent psychoeducation and nutrition program and its impact on a sense of community: a pilot study

Parenthood is an experience that is both joyful and anxiety provoking. Amidst a number of pressures, new parents may encounter depressed feelings, consistent anxious thoughts or various other stressors. These factors can also lead to the development of poor nutritional habits, which further exacerbate psychological symptoms and can create a destructive cycle in their lifestyles. Research indicates that one’s sense of community (or conversely social isolation) can further impact parental experiences which include one’s sense of competence, affect directed towards their children and their overall satisfaction. In considering this, a quantitative and partially qualitative pilot study was conducted to evaluate the development of a manualized program providing both nutritional and psychological support to parents in a group format. It was hypothesized that parental sense of community would increase following engagement in one session of the program, that parental stress is negatively correlated with a sense of community, and that feelings of self-reported parental depression are negatively correlated with parental sense of community. The implications for future program development are explored particularly in considering how these results further inform development of parental manualized treatment and how understanding about providing parental psychoeducation can advance.
Labor mobility effects of a firm-level shock

Most governments tackle the economic issues of underdeveloped areas by offering subsidies aimed at fostering economic activities and local employment. Localized policies put constraints on where businesses may locate in order to receive subsidies, but they generally impose few restrictions on whom subsidized businesses must hire. Therefore, the positive impact of place-based policies on employment depends, among others, on two specific factors: the ability to attract new jobs from within the destination local labor market (LLM) as well as that the new job places are not subtracted from existing non-subsidized businesses in the same area. Using administrative data on firms and workers in Italy, we adopt a multiple regression discontinuity design to empirically assess the employment effect of substantial incentives for the replacement or establishment of new capital. Our empirical strategy allows identifying where new hires come from (from the same LLM, a neighboring LLM or a far-away LLM), from which pool of individuals (those working for another company, the students or the inactives), and the impact on wages. The results show how the majority of recruits come from new entrants to the labor market, in particular, young people and students, while displacement effects are limited. Besides, subsidized companies tend to keep their most valuable staff and hire more qualified young people by offering higher wages. So, fears concerning the spatial dispersion of the effects or the possibility that financed companies might poach (skilled) workers from non-subsidized firms in the LLM, at least in areas suffering from high unemployment, appear excessive.
Adaptation to Climate Change in the Hydroelectricity Sector in Nepal

The method identified key performance indicators of significance to hydroenergy generation that may be sensitive to climate and thus put the initial emphasis on understanding how the present meteorological and hydrological variability affect current operations and planned investments. The method has the advantage of focusing the analysis on what matters. It can then look at future climate change, including uncertainty, assessing the importance of future changes and how the key performance indicators could be affected. The CRA has been linked to an iterative adaptation pathway approach to use this risk information to build possible adaptation responses under uncertainty.
Hydroxyurea in Children with Beta Thalassemia Intermedia.

The beneficial effects of hydroxyurea (HU) have been well documented in sickle cell disease. Its usefulness in thalassemia syndromes has not been clearly elucidated. The aim of the study was to analyse the efficacy and side effects of HU in children with beta thalassemia intermedia (TI). The data of 73 children with TI were retrospectively analysed. Response to HU was assessed by change in hemoglobin (Hb) level and by a fall in transfusion requirements. An increase in Hb level was observed in 46 (63.0%) of 73 patients; the response was categorised as good in 43 and partial in 13 cases. There was a poor or no response in the remaining 27 (37.0%) children. Significant rise in Hb levels were documented after HU therapy; the responses were better in patients diagnosed beyond the age of 3 years (p=0.001). A fall in transfusion requirements by >50% was observed in 28 (66.7%) of the 42 patients who received transfusion prior to referral. There were no serious side-effects inspite of prolonged use. Transient neutropenia (<1.5x109/L) was observed in 9 patients. A solitary case had severe myelotoxicity requiring discontinuation of HU. Over 60% of our patients showed good or partial response in terms of hemoglobin level and/or transfusion requirements. The study has drawbacks and limitations of retrospective analysis. The preliminary observations suggest the need for evaluating larger number of patients in a prospective manner of determine the optimum dose and duration of therapy.
Other Plantation Crops

The conservation of plant genetic resources (PGR) is essentially to protect and safeguard invaluable genetic resources that are fast depleting due to various biotic and abiotic stresses and have large potential future use. Utilization of these PGRs is linked to food security and agrobiodiversity. Conservation strategies are dependent on plant species and explants to be conserved, availability of best techniques and resources and feasibility. In situ and ex situ conservation methods that can complement one another based on specific needs are essential for holistic efficient and cost-effective conservation.
Mechanisms of Pain in Sickle Cell Disease

Pain is one of the most common features of sickle cell disease (SCD) lacking effective therapy. Pain in SCD is relatively more complicated than other conditions associated with pain requiring understanding of the pathobiology of pain specific to SCD. The characterization of pain to define the diverse modalities of nociception in SCD is currently under progress via human studies accompanied by transgenic mouse models of SCD. Sickle pathobiology characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular dysfunction contributes to both peripheral and central nociceptive sensitiza‐ tion via mast cell activation in the periphery, and reactive oxygen species and glial activation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the spinal cord among other effectors. These effects are mediated via several cellular receptors, which can be targeted to produce positive therapeutic outcomes. In this chapter, we will discuss the present understanding of molecular mechanisms of SCD pain and outline the mechanism‐based translational potential of novel actionable targets to treat SCD pain. heme‐induced TLR4‐mediated neuronal and complications,
Social Distance Attitudes of Nursing Students towards Adults with Mental Disorders

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with the social distance attitudes of nursing students towards adults with mental disorders. The relationship between social distance and attitudes toward adults with mental disorders was also examined. Methods: A descriptive research was conducted to describe the characteristics of the population and the data were collected from September 22 to October 2, 2014. The sample included 359 participants. Social distance was measured by a modified version of the Social Distance Scale and CAMI was used to assess attitudes towards adults with mental disorders. Results: Participants showed less authoritarian, more be-nevolence, less social restrictiveness in attitudes towards adults with mental disorders. The participants also showed a positive community mental health ideology. More importantly, the attitudes towards people with mental disorders was the strongest predictor ( β =.67), explaining 35% of the social distance. Conclusion: With a deeper understanding of social distance as related to attitudes towards people with mental disorders, it is possible to create targeted interventions with the overall goal of minimizing the social distance and authoritarianism and of facilitating benevolence among nursing students.