Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primnoa pacifica Reproduction in Shallow Versus Deep Habitats Primnoa pacifica Reproduction in Shallow Versus Deep Habitats of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska

Primnoa pacifica is a species of deep-sea cold-water coral that can be found in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve in Alaska. These colonies are important to their ecosystem as they provide habitat for other species living in this area. One thing that makes P. pacifica important to study is that the species displays deep-water emergence. This is a phenomenon where species normally found in deep waters can exist in shallower waters, allowing easier access for research. The purpose of this thesis was to determine if depth effects the reproduction of male P. pacifica colonies. Two colonies from deep depths (167m and 178m) and two colonies from shallow depths (15.54m and 19.2m) were examined. The colony samples were collected from White Thunder Ridge in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve on March 20th, 2016. Using histology methods from Waller et al. (2014), the samples were preserved, stained, cut into thin slices, and photographed. The feret nuclear diameters of spermatocytes were recorded with ImageJ and analyzed using RStudio. The results of this research determined that the male colonies at deeper depths and shallower depths are statistically similar to each other. Therefore, depth does not affect the male reproduction of the P. pacifica colonies examined. Further research with a larger sample size and colonies from other locations in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve would expand on these results and determine if this trend is present elsewhere.
Demographic Study of Age, Family History, Stages, Grade and Expression of miRNA-195-5p in Sample of Iraqi Breast Cancer Patients

: The most prevalent cancer in women and one of the leading causes of death is breast cancer. In Iraq, there were 35,864 new cases of cancer in total during 2019. Age is the most important known risk factor for breast cancer. The patterns of breast cancer in small groups of families appear to be consistent with the known patterns of genetic inheritance. New non-invasive prognostic biomarkers are required for the quick identification and differentiation of breast cancer (BC) stages for the improvement of treatment options. Small, non-coding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNA) are involved in many cellular processes, including metastasis, and regulate gene expression. Circulating miRNAs (found in the blood) have great potential as biomarkers to aid in diagnosis or monitor the effectiveness of treatments. Materials and Methods, total RNA was extracted from serum from (n=50) patients and (n=26) healthy control to measure the MicroRNA 195 expression by using SYBR green-based real-time RT-PCR technology. Result, breast cancer is more frequent in 50-59 age groups (P≤0.01) than others. The majority of BC patients in this study were 31 (62%) grade II out of the total than others. the expression levels of miR-195 in breast cancer patients’ serum were greatly increased (up-regulated) when compared with those in the normal adjacent serum. Our results demonstrate that the pre-operative group patients have a higher expression of miR-195 than pre-operative group patients in their circulation.
Laser-induced damage tests based on a marker-based watershed algorithm with gray control

Abstract An effective damage test method based on a marker-based watershed algorithm with gray control (MWGC) is proposed to study the properties of damage induced by near-field laser irradiation for large-aperture laser facilities. Damage tests were performed on fused silica samples and information on the size of damage sites was obtained by this new algorithm, which can effectively suppress the issue of over-segmentation of images resulting from non-uniform illumination in dark-field imaging. Experimental analysis and results show that the lateral damage growth on the exit surface is exponential, and the number of damage sites decreases sharply with damage site size in the damage site distribution statistics. The average damage growth coefficients fitted according to the experimental results for Corning-7980 and Heraeus-Suprasil 312 samples at 351 nm are $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}1.10 \pm 0.31$ and $0.60 \pm 0.09$, respectively.
Original Research A study on Infant and Young Child feeding practices of mothers visiting District Civil Hospital

: Objective: To investigate the infant and young child feeding practices among mothers attending Pediatric OPD of a District Hospital in Gurugram. Methods: A total of 85 mother-infant (6 months) dyads attending Pediatric OPD of District Civil Hospital, Gurugram were selected purposively. Infants aged 6±0.5 months, single birth, normal birth weight, full term, breastfed infants andinfants without any severe chronic disease or disorder were enrolled. A questionnaire was developed to record the participants’ socio-demographic profile and information on IYCF. Retrospective data was collected for early and exclusive breastfeeding practices. Results: It was highlighted that only 38.8% of the infants were breastfed within one hour of birth even after 95.3% institutional delivery rate. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months was reported amongst only 30.6% of infants. The main reason for discontinuing breastfeeding before six months was lack of breastmilk. Top-feeding and complementary feeding was documented amongst 65% of the infants, of which 18.8% infants received complementary feeding at an appropriate age of 6 months. Complementary foods commonly given included semi-solid foods (21.2%) mainly cerelac, animal milk (20%), daalkapaani (14.1%) and infant formula milk (9.4%). Conclusion: IYCF practices in India are extremely poor which maybe because of the lower literacy rates, lack of IYCF education among mothers and dearth of IYCF counseling and support. Mothers also bears wrong perceptions and false beliefs of towards the age for initiating the complementary feeding which exhibits lack of IYCF education.Community level campaigns should be organized so as to create mass level awareness amongst the caretakers.
Develop a New Model for Measure Influence Factors on Adoption Cloud Computing in Governmental Institutions (Case study of the Jordanian Ministry of Interior)

This research aimed at developing a new model for measure the influence factors of adopting cloud computing in governmental institutions. In order to achieve these objectives the researchers developed a new model and questionnaire consisted of four dimensions (technological, organizational, environmental and public), the sample of the study was randomly selected, consisted of (278) employees work in the Jordanian Ministry of Interior, the study used Goggle drive to distributed the questionnaire, and retrieved (262) questionnaires valid for statistical analysis. The results of the study showed that the developed model is suitable for measure the influence factors of adopting cloud computing in the Jordanian Ministry of Interior, there are both encouraging and opposing factors to adopting cloud computing, and all of the developed model factors (technological, organizational, environmental and public) have significant effect on adopting cloud computing in the Jordanian Ministry of Interior. In light of the study results have been suggested a set of recommendations, including: the necessity of alerting the Jordanian Ministry of Interior to cloud computing and activating it, in order to achieve maximum benefit from this technology.
Probiotics Partly Suppress the Impact of Sugar Stress on the Oral Microbiota—A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial

The aim was to test if probiotics counteract oral dysbiosis during 14 days of sugar stress and subsequently help restore oral homeostasis. Eighty healthy individuals received either probiotics (n = 40) or placebo lozenges (n = 40) for 28 days and rinsed with a 10% sucrose solution 6–8 times during the initial 14 days of the trial. Saliva and supragingival samples were collected at baseline, day 14, and day 28. Saliva samples were analyzed for levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, albumin, and salivary enzyme activity. The supragingival microbiota was characterized according to the Human Oral Microbiome Database. After 14 days of sugar stress, the relative abundance of Porphyromonas species was significantly higher (p = 0.03) and remained significantly elevated at day 28 in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.004). At day 28, the relative abundance of Kingella species was significantly higher in the probiotic group (p = 0.03). Streptococcus gordinii and Neisseria elongata were associated with the probiotic group on day 28, while Streptococcus sobrinus was associated with the placebo group on day 14 and day 28. On day 28, the salivary albumin level was significantly lower in the probiotic group. The present study demonstrates a potential stabilizing effect on the supragingival microbiota mediated by consumption of probiotics during short-term sugar stress.
Anesthetics and Anesthesiology

Background: Post-Dural puncture headache (PDPH) is the commonest complications during diagnostic, therapeutic or inadvertent lumbar puncture. It is unavoidable problem during dural puncture and what we can do is decreasing the incidence by taking all precautions and if it occurs, manages appropriately. Despite the existence of wide ranges of popular therapies, there is a continuous controversy about their effectiveness. Many of previously thought as preventive or therapeutic options are getting outdated and ineffective. This review aimed to provide clear knowledge to all anesthetist, surgeons and health care providers on the preventive and management methods of headache after accidental Dural puncture. Methodology: MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library search engines were used to filter the available evidences to draw recommendations and conclusions.
Raster based coastal marsh classification within the Galveston Bay ecosystem, Texas

Raster Based Coastal Marsh Classification within the Galveston Bay Ecosystem, Texas. (December 2007) Aron Shaun Edwards, B.S., Texas A&M University at Galveston Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. James W. Webb, Jr. A mapping study using remote sensing software called ENVI was conducted utilizing four software algorithms to investigate whether these techniques could accurately classify habitat types and vegetation communities along West Bay of the Galveston Bay Ecosystem from color infra-red (CIR) imagery. The algorithms were used in a small-scale study to investigate which of these techniques could most accurately distinguish habitat types and vegetation communities from the imagery at a site specific location. The most accurate algorithm of the four was used in a large-scale classification study in which entire images were classified utilizing the same data from the small-scale study. Regions of interest (ROIs) were used within ENVI to specify areas of interest within each image that was classified. The locations of ROIs were recorded using a GPS prior to classification, then each was added into ENVI as data points, and each ROI polygon was digitized according to its respective pixel color. Once all of the ROI polygons were completed, each software algorithm was employed. After classification, each habitat type and vegetation community was ground-truthed in order to verify the accuracy of the algorithms. The position points were added as ground truth points within ENVI and an accuracy matrix was assessed. The technique with the greatest averaged accuracy within the smallscale study was selected for the large-scale study. The ROIs and ground truth points used in the smallscale study were used again in the large-scale study. The small-scale study concluded that the Parallelepiped algorithm produced significantly less accurate classifications than the other three. Although the Mahalanobis algorithm was not significantly different from the other two algorithms, it yielded the highest overall average accuracy and was used in the large-scale study. In both the small-scale and large-scale studies there was no significant difference in the two different years of aerial imagery and there were no significant differences in accuracy for locations.
Response of maize (Zea mays L.) root morphology to Cd and pyrene contamination in soil

The plants could control root morphology and distribution to adjust the toxic effect. Change of root morphology is an im- portant mechanism of plant adapting to toxic stress in soil environment. Cd and pyrene were studied as combined contamination to explore effects in two maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes on root morphology at an early growth stage in a pot experiment. Qualitative root parameters like specific root length (SRL), specific root surface area (SRA), specific root volume (SRV), average root diameter (ARD), and distribution of root diameter classes of maize were evaluated. Shoot and root biomass of white maize and black maize significantly decreased in Cd and pyrene contaminated soil than that in uncontaminated soil, especially for root biomass. The inhibi- tive effects of Cd and pyrene combined contamination on biomass of white maize was more sensitive than that of black maize. SRL was slightly higher of white maize and black maize in Cd and pyrene contaminated soil than that in uncontaminated soil. SRA, ARD and SRV of white maize and black maize decreased in Cd and pyrene contaminated soil compared to control, but the difference was not significant between the two treatments. There was no significant difference of SRL in each diameter classes of white maize and black maize between Cd and pyrene contaminated treatment and uncontaminated treatment. The SRA of root diameter class 4 (0.60 mm) of white maize and black maize was significantly decreased in Cd and pyrene contaminated soil than that in uncontaminated soil. The result lays foundations for the further study the toxic effect on plant and phytoremediation of heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons combined contamination in soil.
What Bird Is That? Identifying a Probable Painting of Genyornis newtoni in Western Arnhem Land

Abstract A large painting of an unusual emu-like bird was recorded in western Arnhem Land. The painting and its setting are described in relation to reported megafauna depictions in the region. Concordance with palaeontological evidence suggests that the painting was of Genyornis newtoni, one of the giant ‘thunder birds’ which some palaeontologists claim became extinct around 45,000 years ago. This image raises four particular questions: Is the painting 45,000+ years old? Did Genyornis survive in Western Arnhem Land until much more recently than the palaeontological record demonstrates? Did the collective memory of the painters retain the precise details of the extinct animal for many thousands of years? Or, is it an image of some imaginary bird/creation ancestor? It is concluded that the painting is most likely a representation of Genyornis newtoni but there is insufficient evidence to indicate any age for the painting.
Influence of Process Parameters in Material Extrusion on Product Properties Using the Example of the Electrical Resistivity of Conductive Polymer Composites

Additive manufacturing of components using the material extrusion (MEX) of thermoplastics enables the integration of multiple materials into a single part. This can include functional structures, such as electrically conductive ones. The resulting functional structure properties depend on the process parameters along the entire manufacturing chain. The aim of this investigation is to determine the influence of process parameters in filament production and additive manufacturing on resistivity. Filament is produced from a commercially available composite of polylactide (PLA) with carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon black (CB), while the temperature profile and screw speed were varied. MEX specimens were produced using a full-factorial variation in extrusion temperature, layer height and deposition speed from the most and least conductive in-house-produced filament and the commercially available filament from the same composite. The results show that the temperature profile during filament production influences the resistivity. The commercially available filament has a lower conductivity than the in-house-produced filament, even though the starting feedstock is the same. The process parameters during filament production are the main factors influencing the resistivity of an additively manufactured structure. The MEX process parameters have a minimal influence on the resistivity of the used PLA/CNT/CB composite.
SELF-CONFIDENCE AND EMPLOYEE JOB PERFORMANCE OF BEVERAGE MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN PORT HARCOURT

: This paper investigated the association of self confidence of employee job performance of beverage manufacturing companies in Port Harcourt . The researcher employed cross-sectional survey research design. Data was collected through self-administrative questionnaire from beverage manufacturing companies in Rivers state. There are 962 employees in five beverage manufacturing companies in Rivers state. A computed sample size of 282 were drawn and issued questionnaire. 220 were retrieved and used in the analyses. Descriptive statistics measures of mean and standard deviation were used in the analyses of primary data. The findings indicated that, there is a very strong relationship between self-confidence and timeliness and productivity of beverage manufacturing companies in Port Harcourt and it was recommended that, Self-confidence is the spirit of boldness needed in other to successfully undertake a task. Beverage manufacturing companies can help their employees to develop self-confidence through periodic on the job training and implementation of such policies that encourages self-development.
The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (Early Jurassic) in the Neuquén Basin, Argentina: A Reassessment of Age and Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy

The Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE) is recorded by the presence of globally distributed marine organic carbon–rich black shales and a negative carbon isotope shift, with δ13Corg values as low as −33‰, interrupting an overarching positive excursion. Here we present new biostratigraphic data and high-resolution δ13Corg data from two Southern Hemisphere localities: Arroyo Serrucho in the north and Arroyo Lapa in the south of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina. Previous studies at these localities aimed to provide an accurate numerical age for the T-OAE and characterization of its carbon isotope stratigraphy. The new carbon isotope data and ammonite biostratigraphy presented here from Arroyo Serrucho show the T-OAE to be recorded lower in the section than supposed by previous authors, thus calling into question the published age of the T-OAE in this section. A newly investigated exposure at Arroyo Lapa North shows a complex carbon isotope record with at least three high-amplitude fluctuations in the hoelderi zone (equivalent to the serpentinum zone in northwestern Europe), with δ13Corg values of <−28‰, and two intervening positive isotope excursions, with δ13Corg values around −24‰. At Arroyo Lapa South, the characteristic major stepped negative carbon isotope excursion is recorded, with δ13Corg values of <−30‰ and total organic-carbon contents increasing to 11%; above this level an erosional surface of a submarine channel truncates the section. These new data are globally correlative and unambiguously illustrate the global reach of the T-OAE.
Increasing the production and quality of the yield of Siam orange fruits in off-season period through the application of liquid organic and guano fertilizer

This research was conducted in Belantih Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency, from October 2022 to June 2023. This research aimed to increase the production and quality of the yield of Siam orange through the application of liquid organic fertilizer from cow urine waste and guano fertilizer. This study used a randomized block design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was liquid organic fertilizer from cow urine waste consist of 4 concentration levels, i.e., 0 ml/l (C0); 5 ml/l (C1); 10 ml/l (C2) and 15 ml/l (C3), while the second factor was guano fertilizer consists of 4 dose levels, i.e., 0 g/tree (G0); 1 kg/tree (G1); 2 kg/tree (G2) and 3 kg/tree (G3). The results showed that the interaction between concentration of cow urine waste liquid fertilizer and guano fertilizer doses had no significant effect on all observed variables. Liquid organic from cow urine waste fertilizer improved the yield and quality of the fruits of Siam orange in off-season period, reflected by the higher of harvested fruit weight per tree and weight per fruit at a concentration of 15 ml/l (13.20 kg and 126.32 g), or an increase of 81.32% and 28.14% than those of control (7.28 kg and 98.58 g). While in the Guano fertilizer treatment, the weight per fruit and the weight of the harvested fruit per tree were highest at the dose of 3 kg/tree (118.50 g and 12.64 kg), or an increase of 10.05% and 33.33% compared to the control (107.68 g and 9.48 kg).
CTC2: End-to-End Drum Transcription Based on Connectionist Temporal Classification With Constant Tempo Constraint

This paper describes end-to-end automatic drum transcription for directly estimating a drum score from an audio signal of popular music using non-aligned paired data. We aim to convert a sequence of frame-level acoustic features into a sequence of tatum-level score fragments (three-dimensional multi-hot vectors) representing the presence or absence of the onsets of the bass and snare drums and the hi-hats. The main challenge of this task lies in estimating the correct number of inactive tatums having no onset between active tatums. One may use the connectionist temporal classification (CTC) for end-to-end training of a deep neural network (DNN) that infers a frame-level state sequence (alignment path) including the special "blank" states representing the tatum boundaries. At run-time, a drum score is obtained by annexing repeated states and removing all blank states from the most likely frame-level state sequence. This approach, however, tends to yield a shortened drum score in which repeated inactive tatums are annexed mistakenly because the blank state (tatum boundary) cannot be distinguished acoustically from the inactive state (onset absence) at the frame level. In this paper, we propose a sophisticated version of the CTC with constant tempo constraint, CTC2 in short, that encourages each tatum to be aligned with almost the same number of frames. Although the loss function can be computed efficiently as in the basic CTC, the backpropagation over the huge computation graph made through the forward algorithm is computationally prohibitive. To solve this problem, we propose to perform the backpropagation with only an alignment path stochastically drawn with Gibbs sampling. The experiment showed that the proposed method worked well as expected.