Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Current and Future Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Peri-Urban Areas of Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

A rapid increase in population and urban development has direct impacts on the natural environment of peri-urban areas of big cities, especially in the developing countries. This study examined land use and land cover changes (LULCC) of peri-urban areas of Kinondoni Municipality in Dar es Salaam city for the period between 1999 and 2019 and predicted future changes by 2039. The specific objectives were to; (i) map the spatial-temporal land use and cover changes (ii) analyze settlements (built-up areas) patterns and factors influencing their changes (iii) predict changes that might happen for the next two decades. LULCC for 1999 to 2019 were detected through Maximum Likelihood (ML) supervised classification techniques while Cellular Automata based on Artificial Neural Network (CA-ANN) model was used to predict future changes. Over the past two decades, 33.7% of vegetation has been lost due to increased settlements, as shown by linear development pattern of built-up areas, which has gained about 30% of other land covers. This study predicts that by 2039, built-up areas will increase drastically to occupy 51.6%, while vegetation and water cover will decrease to occupy 40.4% and 1.4%, respectively. Without good planning strategies and land use policies, the control and management of the magnitude and patterns of peri-urban growth and sustainable management of natural and built environments in Tanzania will remain a challenge. This paper seeks to contribute to the body of knowledge required for evidence-based policy formulation and decision making to attain sustainable urbanization through setting suitable management plans for peri-urban areas of Tanzanian cities. Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Land use/cover changes, Maximum likelihood, Peri-urban, Remote sensing
No Effect of Early Adult Experience on the Development of Individual Specialization in Host-Searching Cabbage White Butterflies

Individuals in a population often use unique subsets of locally available resources, but we do not entirely understand how environmental context shapes the development of these specializations. In this study, we used ovipositing cabbage white butterflies (Pieris rapae) searching for host plants to test the hypothesis that early experience with an abundant resource can lead to later individual specialization. We first exposed naïve butterflies to one of three environments with different relative abundances of host plants of comparable nutritional quality, cabbage and radish. The next day, we observed butterflies from all treatments searching for hosts in a common environment where cabbage and radish were equally abundant. We predicted that the butterflies would preferentially visit the host plant that had been abundant during their previous experience, but instead found that butterflies from all experience treatments visited cabbage, a likely more visually salient host, more often than radish. In this experiment, behavioral plasticity in current conditions outweighed developmental experience in shaping individual resource use. We argue that these butterflies potentially respond to particularly salient search cues and that the discriminability of a resource may lead to specialization bias independent of early life experiences with abundant resources.
Profit‐Raising Entry under Oligopolistic Trade with Endogenous Input Prices

Firms which face the threat of import competition from foreign rivals are conventionally seen as favouring import protection. We show that this is not necessarily the case when domestic firms’ input prices are determined endogenously. In a framework where the input price is determined through contracting with an upstream agent, which could be an input supplier or a labour union, the relationship between a domestic downstream firm's profits and the number of foreign competitors depends on trade costs and the curvature of the demand function. If trade costs are sufficiently high, an increase in the number of foreign entrants can raise the profits of a downstream firm in a home market characterised by Cournot competition. For any concave and linear demand function and for any demand function which is not ‘too convex’, this occurs due to the upstream agent moderating its input price allowing downstream firms to increase profits. For sufficiently convex demand functions, on the other hand, profit- raising entry still occurs, albeit through a substantively different mechanism, and depending upon the extent to which an increase in the input price is passed on to the final consumer. the must also be highly convex the moderation the is passed on for sufficiently convex are strategic and the upstream agent raises its price in convex on
Pediatric Headache in Primary Care and Emergency Departments: Consensus with RAND/UCLA Method

Headache is the most frequent neurological symptom in childhood and the main reason for admission to pediatric emergency departments. The aim of this consensus document is to define a shared clinical pathway between primary care pediatricians (PCP) and hospitals for the management of children presenting with headache. For the purposes of the study, a group of hospital pediatricians and a group of PCP from the Emilia Romagna’s health districts were selected to achieve consensus using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method. Thirty-nine clinical scenarios were developed: for each scenario, participants were asked to rank the appropriateness of each option from 1 to 9. Agreement was reached if ≥75% of participants ranked within the same range of appropriateness. The answers, results, and discussion helped to define the appropriateness of procedures with a low level of evidence regarding different steps of the diagnostic-therapeutic process: primary care evaluation, emergency department evaluation, hospital admission, acute therapy, prophylaxis, and follow-up. The RAND proved to be a valid method to value appropriateness of procedures and define a diagnostic-therapeutic pathway suitable to the local reality in the management of pediatric headache. From our results, some useful recommendations were developed for optimizing the healthcare professionals’ network among primary care services and hospitals.
Development of prediction models for domestic chores resumption among mild stroke patients three months after discharge from specialized rehabilitation wards: A multi-center prospective cohort study

ABSTRACT Background Whether stroke patients resume domestic chores is one of the major issues associated with their quality of life. Prediction models for domestic chores resumption among stroke survivors can be useful for setting goals and planning rehabilitation. Objectives To develop prediction models for individual domestic chores resumption among mild stroke patients three months after discharge from specialized rehabilitation wards. Methods Ninety-one stroke patients admitted to specialized rehabilitation wardswere included in the analyses. We assessed the prestroke and three months post-discharge frequencies of six domestic chore items of the Frenchay Activities Index. Demographics and candidate predictors such as paralysis severity, cognitive function, walking speed, and self-efficacy were collected at discharge. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to build prediction models for individual domestic chores resumption after stroke. Results The preparing meals model included walking speed (OR = 1.05) and cognitive function (OR = 1.29) as predictors; washing up model, walking speed (OR = 1.04); washing clothes model, walking speed (OR = 1.06), and number of family members living together (OR = 0.42); light housework model, walking speed (OR = 1.06); heavy housework model, walking speed (OR = 1.03), cognitive function (OR = 1.38), and self-efficacy (OR = 1.91); and local shopping model, walking speed (OR = 1.05), age (OR = 0.94), and number of family members living together (OR = 0.61). Conclusions Our models may be useful in clinical practice to streamline the setting of goals and development of therapeutic strategies for individual domestic chores resumption among mild stroke patients.
Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients with Comorbid Depression and Type 2 Diabetes in an Urban Primary Care Facility: Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: The relation between depression and diabetes is bidirectional and both can lead to morbidity and mortality. Despite the success of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in managing psychiatric comorbidities, research on its use in the treatment of comorbid diabetes and depression is limited and with varying results. The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy of CBT on depressed patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at an urban primary healthcare center in Egypt from February 2019 to March 2020 and included 80 participants. Key inclusion criteria were uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2D) (HbA1c >7.5%) and depression symptoms diagnosed by Beck’s Depression Index. Participants were assessed for all battery of instruments. Subsequently, participants were randomized to control and treatment groups. The treatment group received four CBT sessions. Both groups received a thirty-minute structured diabetes education and their usual diabetes treatment. Three months later, all participants were reassessed for depression and diabetes compliance and all labs were performed post intervention. Both the primary (the difference in HbA1c pre-post intervention) and secondary outcomes (the change in depressive symptoms assessed) were analyzed using ANCOVA. Results: Both groups were matching at baseline. Post intervention, the CBT group revealed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms while adjusting for Beck Depression Index (BDI) pre-intervention [F (1, 74) = 7.074, p = 0.010]. Moreover, HBA1c was improved significantly when controlling for pre-intervention BDI scores and BMI [F (1,73) = 4.27, p = 0.042] compared to the control group. Conclusions: The CBT program was both inexpensive and easily accessible. It could fit very well in primary care settings. The results indicated CBT intervention was effective in improving diabetes control and depression. However, a larger-scale study to test its effect on a larger scale population and its long-term impact is recommended.
Business as service? Human Relations and the British interwar management movement

To what extent should business have an implication of service when its fundamental purpose is profit-seeking? We explore this issue through a contextually informed reappraisal of British interwar management thinking (1918–1939), drawing on rich archival material concerning the Rowntree business lectures and management research groups. Whereas existing literature is framed around scientific management versus human relations schools, we find a third pronounced, related theme: business as service. Our main contribution is to identify the origins in Britain of the discourse of corporate social responsibility in the guise of business as service. We show that this emerged earlier than commonly assumed and was imbued with an instrumental intent from its inception as a form of management control. This was a discourse emanating not from management theorists but from management practitioners, striving to put the corporate system on a sustainable footing while safeguarding the power, authority, and legitimacy of incumbent managerial elites.
Recent Advances in the Development of Fire-Resistant Biocomposites—A Review

Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers represent an eco-friendly and inexpensive alternative to conventional petroleum-based materials and have been increasingly utilized in a wide variety of industrial applications due to their numerous advantages, such as their good mechanical properties, low production costs, renewability, and biodegradability. However, these engineered composite materials have inherent downsides, such as their increased flammability when subjected to heat flux or flame initiators, which can limit their range of applications. As a result, certain attempts are still being made to reduce the flammability of biocomposites. The combustion of biobased composites can potentially create life-threatening conditions in buildings, resulting in substantial human and material losses. Additives known as flame-retardants (FRs) have been commonly used to improve the fire protection of wood and biocomposite materials, textiles, and other fields for the purpose of widening their application areas. At present, this practice is very common in the construction sector due to stringent fire safety regulations on residential and public buildings. The aim of this study was to present and discuss recent advances in the development of fire-resistant biocomposites. The flammability of wood and natural fibers as material resources to produce biocomposites was researched to build a holistic picture. Furthermore, the potential of lignin as an eco-friendly and low-cost FR additive to produce high-performance biocomposites with improved technological and fire properties was also discussed in detail. The development of sustainable FR systems, based on renewable raw materials, represents a viable and promising approach to manufacturing biocomposites with improved fire resistance, lower environmental footprint, and enhanced health and safety performance.
Resin Film Infusion Process: Numerical Algorithm

The liquid composite molding (LCM) belongs to the composite manufacturing processes. In this family, a fabric preform material is placed into the mold cavity, and then it is impregnated with a thermosetting resin of low viscosity, until the fiber skeleton is entirely filled and finally polymerized to create a polymeric composite product. Due to its advantages, LCM has gained attention and competitiveness against other composite manufacturing processes. The resin film infusion (RFI) belongs to the LCM family, but unlike the other variants, such as resin transfer molding (RTM) and vacuum assisted resin infusion (VARI), in which the liquid resin is injected or infused into the mold cavity, the resin in the RFI process is placed into the mold cavity in the semi-cured state. Then, under pressure and temperature, the resin film will be liquefied and impregnated the fibrous reinforcement in the thickness direction. This particularity permits to RFI to fabricate large complex composite structures and reduce significantly the equipment cost as compared to the conventional resin transfer molding processes. However, as this variant used only a vacuum bag as the upper half-mold, the fabricated part has non-uniformity in the thickness, low dimensional tolerances and low fiber volume fraction. The main objective of this paper is to propose a numerical algorithm allowing to study the influence of part thickness on the RFI’ filling time. Numerical simulation is based on the explicit finite difference method. The results obtained show that the filling time increases parabolically with the part thickness.
A multi-method examination of sluggish cognitive tempo in relation to adolescent sleep, daytime sleepiness, and circadian preference.

BACKGROUND The field's understanding of the association between sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and sleep is severely limited by the lack of multi-method and multi-informant research designs that move beyond global ratings, often focused on a limited number of sleep-related domains, such as daytime sleepiness. The current study begins to address these limitations by using actigraphy, daily sleep diary, and self- and parent-report global ratings of sleep in adolescents, a developmental period marked by changes in SCT, sleep, and circadian function. As SCT and sleep are also associated with ADHD symptoms, we tested these associations in a sample of adolescents with and without ADHD. METHODS Adolescents (N = 302; M age = 13.17 years, 44.7% female) with (n = 162) and without ADHD (n = 140) and parents completed global ratings of sleep and daytime sleepiness, and adolescents completed a measure of circadian preference. Adolescents also wore actigraphs for approximately two weeks, during which daily diaries were completed. RESULTS Above and beyond demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, race, and family income), pubertal development, medication use, and ADHD group status, adolescents' self-reported SCT symptoms were uniquely associated with shorter sleep duration and later sleep onset per both actigraphy and daily diary. SCT symptoms were also uniquely associated with longer sleep onset latency and poorer overall sleep (per daily diary), more sleep/wake problems and daytime sleepiness (per adolescent rating), more difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep (per parent rating), and later eveningness preference (per adolescent rating). Nearly all significant effects remained in sensitivity analyses controlling for adolescent- or parent-reported ADHD symptom dimensions. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide the strongest evidence to date for SCT being uniquely linked to poorer sleep, greater daytime sleepiness, and a later evening circadian preference across subjective and objective measures. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate predictive and bidirectional associations.
QUANTITATIVE DETECTION OF PSEUDOMONAS CORRUGATA AND PSEUDOMONAS MEDITERRANEA IN TOMATO PLANTS BY DUPLEX REAL-TIME PCR

Pseudomonas corrugata and P. mediterranea are two closely related bacterial species both causal agents of tomato pith necrosis. To screen tomato planting material reliably, a quantitative real-time PCR assay was developed, to detect and/or discriminate both bacterial pathogens in a single tube. So, two species-specific primer/probe sets were designed on the sequences of two DNA fragments amplified by a previously reported specific PCR protocol. TaqMan real-time PCR assays were developed for individual (simplex PCR) and simultaneous (duplex PCR) amplifications. The assays were performed with the SmartCycler TD II System (Cepheid) and the fluorescence from both FAM and Texas Red channels were recorded at the annealing step. Specificity was tested with an extended range of P. corrugata and P. mediterranea strains, with other Pseudomonas spp. and with a number of tomato bacterial pathogens. The detection limit was approximately 10 cells per reaction for both bacteria, and quantification was linear over a six-log range. The duplex real-time PCR assay was validated on tomato plants artificially inoculated by pricking the stem with a strain of each species either separately or together.
The Impact of System Quality Dimensions on Trust in Mobile Commerce Adoption Intention: Palestinian Customer’s Viewpoint

Several pieces of evidence evince that system quality is closely and importantly related to the use of the system in previous empirical work and studies chiefly in the mobile commerce (M-Commerce) systems. At present, in light of the marketing needs related to services and products, M-Commerce is regarded as the major method and channel to use in this area. Yet, it is contended that as system quality’s significance is unquestionable, it is a new area that still needs much exploration. Against this, this study aims at examining the system quality dimensions’ impact on customer trust in M-Commerce by adapting the information systems (IS) success model. Due to the nature of the study, the quantitative method, alongside a questionnaire is employed to collect data. The findings show that the dimensions of the system quality consisting of perceived ease of use, flexibility, accessibility, visibility, and responsiveness have a great and positive contribution to the customer trust in M-Commerce while the customer trust has a great impact on the intention to use. The findings are favorably used by M-Commerce system service providers and policymakers to articulate related strategies to increase customers' trust and by academians and researchers to develop, evaluate, and increase shreds of research and studies related to system quality and trust in M-Commerce fields in Palestine. At last, the theoretical and practical implications, findings, limitations, and recommendations for future work are also presented in the last sections of the study.
Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Patients with Chronic Dyspeptic Symptoms at Rawal General and Dental Hospital, Islamabad

Background: Helicobacter Pylori infection is the most common cause of chronic dyspeptic symptoms all over the world and covers more than 60% of the out-patient department’s (OPD) registry. That is why we aimed to conduct this study to determine the prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection in patients with chronic dyspeptic symptoms visiting at our out-patient department (OPD) of Rawal General and Dental Hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, Rawal General and Dental Hospital, Islamabad between the periods of two years June 2018 – June 2020 with in patients who presented with a chief complain of dyspepsia through a consecutive sampling technique. Baseline and clinical variables were collected and correlated with the presence and absence of H. pylori infection among 355 finally recruited participants. Results: The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 59.71% (n = 212). Among them, married males were more common. Positive H. pylori patients were younger than negative H. pylori Original Research Article Abbasi et al.; JPRI, 33(60B): 257-262, 2021; Article no.JPRI. 79264 258 patients, 40.24±6.62 vs. 44.9±8.05 (p 0.04). Participants who had a history of NSAIDS intake for past 7 days were significantly associated with positive H. pylori infection, 54.24% (n = 115), p 0.02. While on the other hands, patients who were receiving proton pump inhibitor for the past 4 weeks were significantly associated with absence of H. pylori infection when they presented with chronic dyspeptic symptoms, 65.03% (n = 93), p 0.01. Conclusions: Our study has found that almost two third of the population suffering from chronic dyspeptic symptoms had positive H. pylori infection and these patients are younger than H. pylori negatives. Chronic NSAID users have direct relation in increased prevalence of H. pylori detection while use of PPI plays safety role in prevention and reducing of H. pylori infection.
Medicinal Plants Exhibiting Antifertility Activity: A Review

This review reveals that some plants and their part used having anti-fertility action, which are helpful for researcher to develop new herbal anti-fertility formulations. In the recent years, interest in drugs of plant origin has been progressively increased. The aim of this review is to highlight the work on anti-fertility of plant origin. We undertook an extensive bibliographic review by analysing peer reviewed papers, and further consulting well accepted worldwide scientific databases. Peer reviewed articles were gathered consulting the databases NISCAIR, SCOPUS, PUBMED and Google scholar using terms such as “antifertility”, “anti-implantation”, and “antispermatogenic” activity of plants. Plants, including their parts and extracts, that have traditionally been used to facilitate antifertility have been considered as antifertility agents. In this paper, various medicinal plants have been reviewed for thorough studies such as Aegle marmelos, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Jatropha gossypifolia, Leonotis ocymifolia. For women who can't use modern forms of contraception due to adverse effect or other reasons, therefore herbs can offer alternatives and reducing fertility would be better than other contraceptives. This review creates a solid foundation upon which to further study the efficacy of plants that are both currently used by women as traditional antifertility medicines, but also could be efficacious as an antifertility agent with additional research and study.