Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of functional residues using machine learning provides insights into the evolution of odorant receptor gene families in solitary and social insects

The gene family of insect odorant receptors (ORs) has greatly expanded in the course of evolution. ORs allow insects to detect volatile chemicals and therefore play an important role in social interactions, the detection of enemies and preys, and during foraging. The sequences of several thousand ORs are known, but their specific function or ligands have been identified only for very few of them. To advance the functional characterization of ORs, we compiled, curated and aligned the sequences of 3,902 ORs from 21 insect species. We identified the amino acid positions that best predict the response to ligands using machine learning on sets of functionally characterized proteins from the fly Drosophila melanogaster, the mosquito Anopheles gambiae and the ant Harpegnathos saltator. We studied the conservation of these predicted relevant residues across all OR subfamilies and show that the subfamilies that expanded strongly in social insects exhibit high levels of conservation in their binding sites. This indicates that ORs of social insect families are typically finely tuned and exhibit a sensitivity to very similar odorants. Our novel approach provides a powerful tool to use functional information from a limited number of genes to investigate the functional evolution of large gene families.
An EM-Coupled Triangular Open-Loop Filter With Transmission Zeros Very Close to Passband

This letter presents a novel EM mixed coupled triangular resonator filter with a backed aperture. Strong and controllable electric and magnetic coupling is constructed to realize transmission zeros very close to passband. Simulation and measurement results show good performances of the proposed filter such as low insertion loss, high rejection levels, as well as asymmetric characteristics. The fabricated three-pole inline filter can implement a bandwidth exceeding 6% while a very close-to-band transmission zero is simultaneously produced by the EM mixed coupling between the first and second resonators.
A Spatial Analysis of Driving Behavior in Isfahan City

Introduction After industrial revolution, driving vehicles became a necessity in fulfilling human needs in different aspects of life. This is a positive phenomenon but is not without negative side effects, such as, for example, accidents, air pollution, traffic jam etc. In many countries, road construction and maintenance is far behind innovations of new vehicles. In many places the road quality or size is not able to bare the traffic load, hence the reason for significant rise in accidents and human life loss in the second half of the twentieth century in developed and developing countries. That is, 1.2 million deaths worldwide are caused by vehicle accidents. Accidents are the first cause of injuries and second cause of death in the population of Iran at ages bellow 40. In vehicle accidents, three factors are involved: human, vehicle and road quality. The human factor is more apparent since it governs the other two. Since the human factor is influenced by social, economic, cultural, political and other environmental aspects, its behavior in driving varies with respect to space and time. Consequently the question addressed in this paper is as follow: is there a correlation between where does the driver live and how his driving behavior is? And how is the driver’s spatial distribution manner when it comes to improper driving behavior on the intra-city routs? The megacity of Isfahan as a touristic city is of concern in this respect. Thus the broader questions are: which are the factors involved in affecting the driving behavior of drivers in Isfahan? What are the patterns which influence driving behaviors and what are the effective factors involved in developing these behaviors? For this purpose, the drivers’ behavior of different sections of the city are evaluated based on different variables and the local roads. Finally, the worst exposed driving behaviors of domestic drivers on domestic roads are identified.
The Effect of Ownership Structure on Disclosure Quality and Credit Ratings in Family Firms: The Moderating Role of Auditor Choice

Despite the substantial degree of heterogeneity within family firms, little is known about how their heterogeneity affects firm behavior and the implication for the shareholder–debtholder agency problem. Our study contributes to the literature by examining whether family firms with a higher level of control-ownership divergence would disclose less information and whether Big 4 auditors play a moderating role in mitigating the negative impact of control-ownership divergence on disclosure quality resulting in improved credit ratings. Using data from the emerging economy of Taiwan, we provide support for our three hypotheses. Our contributions will interest family firm owners, researchers, auditors, and policymakers.
Decision Rules Derived from Optimal Decision Trees with Hypotheses

Conventional decision trees use queries each of which is based on one attribute. In this study, we also examine decision trees that handle additional queries based on hypotheses. This kind of query is similar to the equivalence queries considered in exact learning. Earlier, we designed dynamic programming algorithms for the computation of the minimum depth and the minimum number of internal nodes in decision trees that have hypotheses. Modification of these algorithms considered in the present paper permits us to build decision trees with hypotheses that are optimal relative to the depth or relative to the number of the internal nodes. We compare the length and coverage of decision rules extracted from optimal decision trees with hypotheses and decision rules extracted from optimal conventional decision trees to choose the ones that are preferable as a tool for the representation of information. To this end, we conduct computer experiments on various decision tables from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. In addition, we also consider decision tables for randomly generated Boolean functions. The collected results show that the decision rules derived from decision trees with hypotheses in many cases are better than the rules extracted from conventional decision trees.
Multiple Correspondence Analysis of Factors Influencing Student Acceptance of Massive Open Online Courses

There have been manifold thrilling studies strikingly conducted in recent years to explore factors influencing student acceptance of massive open online courses (MOOCs). The principal goal was to determine future prediction and sustainable use of MOOCs for providing pervasive quality education services. This has led to the examination of different theoretical models tested on varying sample sizes for factor exploration. However, existing studies have reflected heterogeneous results caused by divergent sources not observed in the literature using the multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). This study aimed to apply the data science method of MCA to explore hidden associations amongst factors influencing student acceptance of MOOCs and heterogeneity sources of theoretical models and sample sizes to blur the literature hiatus. Results based on data extracted from 54 primary studies published from 2015 to 2021 with a total of 19,638 valid student responses generally conclude the existence of four main levels of associations. The four associations were respectively composed of single, blended, extended and complex theories and each level is associated with distinct categories and a combination cloud of similar categories. Moreover, results indicated that very small sample size is the most unusual under the basic assumption that none of the variables are correlated. It is practically germane to confirm hidden associations in a dataset of influencing factors to help reach a much greater understanding of the application and performance of MOOCs for sustainable education services.
Modification of Ductility Reduction Factor for Strength Eccentric Structures Subjected to Pulse-Like Ground Motions

This article investigates the ductility reduction factors for RC eccentric frame structures subjected to pulse-like ground motions. The structural models are with the strength eccentricities which are much disadvantageous than the stiffness eccentricities during the inelastic response range. A method to determine the ductility reduction factors of the strength eccentric structures is suggested by modifying those of reference symmetric structures through an eccentricity modification factor. The four factors of strength eccentricity ratio, ductility ratio, story number and velocity pulse of ground motions, are investigated to gain insight into this modification factor. It shows that the ductility reduction factors of the eccentric structures are clearly smaller than those of the symmetric structures. The eccentricity modification factor is mainly affected by the strength eccentricity and the ductility ratio, decreasing with the increment of the eccentricity or the decrement of the ductility ratio in a medium eccentricity range. The earthquake pulse-like effect and the eccentricity have coupling influence on the modification factor, while the effect of story number is not apparent. Based on the results of a comprehensive statistical study a simplified expression is suggested, which can estimate the eccentricity modification factors for both pulse-like and nonpulse-like ground motion cases.
EVALUASI PERBANDINGAN METODE PEMBAYARAN LISTRIK KONVENSIONAL DENGAN METODE PEMBAYARAN LISTRIK PRABAYAR DITINJAU DARI PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN DI PT. PLN (PERSERO) CABANG XYZ

Pada umumnya KWH meter yang digunakan oleh PLN adalah KWH meter analog atau sistem listrik konvensional. Tetapi KWH ini mempunyai kelemahan, salah satunya adalah dengan sistem pembayaran listrik konvensional, dapat memungkinkan pelanggan menunggak tagihan listrik. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut maka dibuat sebuah KWH meter digital dengan sistem listrik prabayar. Sehingga pelanggan harus membeli voucher khusus untuk dapat menggunakan listrik dari PLN. Pembayaran dengan sistem prabayar membuat KWH ini berbeda dengan KWH meter konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi keuangan PT. PLN (Persero) Cabang XYZ, berdasarkan analisis rasio profitabilitas. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yaitu data laporan keuangan yang diperoleh langsung dari perusahaan yang terdiri dari laporan laba/rugi hasil operasi perusahaan dan data penjualan tenaga listrik konvensional dan prabayar serta beberapa kajian pustaka. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis diskriptif, analisis rasio profitabilitas dengan menggunakan salah satu rasio yakni rasio margin laba bersih (Net Profit Margin) . Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa profitabilitas pada listrik konvensional tidak mengalami peningkatan profit perusahaan sedangkan profitabilitas pada listrik prabayar untuk tahun pertama di PT. PLN (Persero) Cabang XYZ mengalami peningkatan yang sangat signifikan.
A Deep Learning Framework in FCC Process Control

The controlling of exhaust gas from gasoline is crucial for atmospheric environment protection. Research Octane Number (RON) loss and restricted sulphur (S) content matter the quality of gasoline. To obtain gasoline with high quality, the paper proposes a novel data-driven optimization model integrating deep neural network (DNN) and genetic algorithm (GA) to model for Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) process then optimize. To begin with, the DNN is used to fit the relations between 13 related input variables and output variables in FCC. Subsequently, the FCC process is modelled and GA is proposed to solve the optimization model. Ultimately, 305 samples from real datasets have been analysed to testify feasibility and effectiveness of the method. This paper provides a guideline for the production process of FCC gasoline.
Short Blocklength Process Monitoring and Scheduling: Resolution and Data Freshness

In cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and internet-of-things applications, various sensor-actuator pairs are deployed for control purposes which require timely online communication. The sensors are measuring information about the CPS, e.g., process systems, whereas the actuators are using the information to take control actions. These sensor-actuator pairs usually communicate via the same wireless medium and thus their transmissions need to be scheduled in time. When transmitting the process data, a short blocklength source-channel coding approach is employed to reduce data errors. We investigate the influence of the decision policy consisting of communication parameters and scheduling design on data freshness and accuracy of process monitoring systems. An age-of-information (AoI) metric is used to assess data timeliness, while the mean square error (MSE) is used to assess the precision of the predicted process values. We characterize the AoI and MSE with closed-form expressions for the blocklengths and accuracy levels, for special types of scheduling strategies, namely, round-robin and maximum-age scheduling. We optimize the coding strategies by showing an achievability region of AoI and MSE. Other priority-based scheduling policies are also investigated. It is shown that the maximum-age policy provides excellent results in terms of AoI, while priority-based scheduling performs better in terms of MSE.
Impacts of anthropogenic activities on vegetation cover changes in the Circum-Bohai-Sea region, China

Abstract Besides climate change, intensive anthropogenic activities affect vegetation cover variations, particularly in highly populated regions. Herein, we investigated the impacts of anthropogenic activities in the Circum-Bohai-Sea (CBS) region in China using correlation analysis between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and indicators related to urban development, agricultural practices, and afforestation efforts; multivariate linear regression and residual analyses were used to quantify how anthropogenic activities contribute to NDVI change. We found that the vegetation cover in most of the study area significantly increased from 1982 to 2015. In major cities, the decrease in vegetation cover was not as expected because of the opposing effects of rapid urbanization and greening. Afforestation and improved agricultural practices dominated the increase in vegetation cover in different regions. Anthropogenic activities accounted for 42% of the increase in vegetation cover in the CBS region. Therefore, to achieve regional sustainable development, the effects of human activities in highly populated area must be heeded.
Disentanglement network data to characterize leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) bycatch in fixed-gear fisheries

: To characterize sea turtle bycatch in fixed-gear fisheries in Massachusetts, USA, we analyzed a 15 yr dataset of entanglement reports and detailed documentation from disentanglement operations. Almost all (272) of the 280 confirmed entanglements involved leatherback turtles Dermochelys coriacea . The majority of turtles were entangled in actively fished (96%), commercial (94%) pot/trap gear with unbroken/untriggered weak links, specifically the buoy lines mark-ing lobster, whelk, and fish traps. Most reports came from recreational boaters (62%) and other sources (26%), rather than commercial fishers (12%). Leatherback entanglements occurred from May to November, with peak reporting in August, and included adult males, adult females, and subadults. All entanglements involved the turtle’s neck and/or front flippers, with varying de grees of visible injuries; 47 entangled leatherbacks were dead in gear, 224 were alive at first sight-ing, and 1 case was unknown. Post-release monitoring suggested turtles can survive for days to years after disentanglement, but data were limited. While the observed entanglements in our study are low relative to global bycatch, these numbers should be considered a minimum. Our findings are comparable to observed numbers of leatherbacks taken in Canadian fixed-gear fisheries, and represent just one of multiple, cumulative threats in the North Atlantic. Managers should focus on strategies to reduce the co-occurrence of sea turtles and fixed-fishing gear, in cluding reductions in the number of buoy lines allowed (e.g. replace single sets with trawls), seasonal and area closures targeted to reduce sea turtle−gear interaction, and encourage the development of emerging technologies such as ‘ropeless’ fishing.
New Zealand Early Childhood Pre-service Teachers’ Perceptions of Practicum and Potential for Video Review

This qualitative study of 20 pre-service early childhood teachers investigated the students’ perceptions of their practicum experiences and views of the potential for video review use using two on-line surveys of Student Teachers (STs) in their second and third year of study in a New Zealand undergraduate three-year degree Initial Teacher Education Programme (ITEP). This study found STs perceived practicum as highly significant within their ITEP and value practicum opportunities to develop their knowledge and skills in the real-world context of ECE centres with children and within teaching teams. However, STs reported a wide range of perceived challenges indicating that the practicum is problematic at times. These challenges involve the establishment of relationships and communication, transparency of assessment practices, and STs’ agency. These issues appear interrelated and impact upon student teacher responses within, and perceptions of, their practicum experience. Students were ambivalent to the potential use of video review while also recognising the benefits to their teacher development. The findings of this study provide further evidence of the need to re-examine the traditional practicum model and to consider alternative approaches by ITEP’s including video review.
Evaluation of biparietal diameter and femur length by ultrasonography method, its correlation with fetal gestational age a comparative study in Chhattisgarh state of India

There few studies which tried to corelate biparietal diameter and gestational age in which an increase in biparietal diameter with the increase in gestational age was found but there was a discrepancy between 17 week of pregnancy and term and which is approximately 3 weeks. We conducted the present study to compare the gestational age and femur length and biparietal diameter in the population of Chhattisgarh state of India.A total of 380 pregnant females were enrolled for the study. They were between the 20 weeks to 38 weeks of gestation with their age ranging from 18-35 years.In the present study we observed a total of 158 cases in 2 trimester i.e. ranging from 20 to 27 weeks and 220 cases were in 3 trimester of pregnancy. Mean of BPD and FL observed was 73.1 and 56.2 respectively. The standard deviation and standard error of mean for biparietal diameter and femur length were 12.8, 11.6 and 0.63, 0.57 respectively.All parameters of present study are found to be highly correlated with gestational age. (r=, 0.987, 0.980 for, FL and BPD respectively).
A Study of the Behaviour of Flow in a Diagonal-Flow Turbomachine

Experiments were conducted on a diagonal-flow machine to study the behaviour of flow. Measurements showed that at reduced flow rates, reversal of flow occurs near the tip upstream of the rotor and near the hub downstream. At high flow rates, the flow reverses near tip at downstream only. In fact, there is only a limited regime of operation where the flow is not reversed before or after the impeller. The best fluid-dynamic efficiency was observed to be midway of this non-reversed flow regime.Through-flow solutions of the mean hub-to-tip streamsurface were carried out by streamline curvature computation and compared with experimental results. The comparison showed good agreement of the predicted values with the experimental data. However, attempts to compare theoretical estimates of rotor losses with experimental measurements showed that the existing loss models are inadequate for loss prediction and further work is required in this direction.The head-flow characteristic of the machine showed a droop at reduced flow rates, typical of what one usually notices in an axial-flow machine with the onset of blade stall. Study of the time history of velocity downstream of rotor illustrated that unlike rotating ‘stall-cells’ in axial-flow machines, the blade stall in the present case did not possess any regular pattern nor any unique speed of propagation. Near the hub at downstream of rotor, where the flow finally reverses upon reduction of flow rate, the stall appeared as patches of ‘blockage’ type disturbance over an otherwise systematic train of blade wakes when the flow coefficient reaches a value where the droop in the characteristic curve starts.Copyright © 1996 by ASME
Optimal Eco-Routing for Hybrid Vehicles With Powertrain Model Embedded

Exploiting the full potential of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) requires suitable (i) route selection and (ii) power management. Due to coupling of the two subproblems, an integrated optimization problem is desired, i.e., optimizing simultaneously the route selection and the split between combustion engine and electric motor over the entire route selection. The resulting optimal route and vehicle operation can be used as a basis for a subordinate vehicle controller. We present an eco-routing approach that embeds a hybrid (mechanistic/data-driven) model of the HEV powertrain in an integrated routing and power management optimization problem. Formulating the integrated routing problem with the hybrid model yields a mixed-integer bilinear program which we reformulate and solve a mixed-integer linear program using a state-of-the-art solver. The results show the validity of the developed hybrid powertrain model and demonstrate that the eco routing approach with the powertrain model embedded can be applied to large-scale problems. We consider optimization for minimal travel time and minimum fuel consumption. The latter results in fuel demand reductions up to 70 %. Alternatively, we minimize the fuel consumption while constraining the travel time to a maximum value resulting in up to 50 % fuel demand reductions. The highest fuel demand reductions are achieved in urban environments. The entire framework is written in python and provided as an open-source version (MIT License) under https://git.rwth-aachen.de/avt-svt/public/optimal-routing that can readily be applied.