Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moderating Role of Social Connectedness on Forgiveness and Subjective Happiness Among Adults

This study was conducted to investigate the moderating role of social connectedness on forgiveness and subjective happiness among adults. The population selected for this study was the public and private universities located in the Multan district and the sample size was consisted on 300 adults by using simple random technique. The correlational research design was used to conduct this study. The Heartland Forgiveness Scale which was proposed by the Thompson and Synder (2003), Subjective Happiness Scale measured by Lyubomirsky and Lepper (1999), and the revised version of Social Connectedness Scale of the Lee and Robbins (1995) developed by Lee et al. (2001) were used as assessing tools for this study. Further, SPSS has used to compute and analyze the data, and bivariate correlation, linear regression analysis, normality test, standard deviation and was used to analyze the data used in current study. Moreover, the results of the current study indicated a positive effect of forgiveness on subjective happiness among adults. However, there was a significant positive correlation between forgiveness and social connectedness as well as between subjective happiness and social connectedness among adults. The results also revealed a moderating effect of social connectedness on forgiveness and subjective happiness and there was no any variation in terms of gender for variables i-e subjective happiness and social connectedness indicated in the results. However, the results proved females to be more forgiving than males as the p value found was smaller than 0.001***. Thus, current study has beneficial implications in terms of a better life.
Calibration of Highway Safety Manual Safety Performance Function

This paper documents the calibration of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM) safety performance function (SPF) for rural two-lane two-way roadway segments in Utah and the development of new SPFs through negative binomial regression. Crash data from 2005 to 2007 on 157 selected study segments in Utah provided a 3-year frequency of observed crashes to calibrate the HSM SPF and develop new models. The calibration factor for the HSM SPF for rural two-lane two-way roads in Utah is 1.16, indicating that the original HSM model under predicts crashes in Utah. The HSM suggests that jurisdiction-specific SPFs may predict crashes with greater reliability than calibrated SPFs. The following variables were significant in each of the four models developed by this research: annual average daily traffic (AADT), segment length, speed limit, and the percentage of AADT composed of multiple-unit trucks. AADT and segment length are used in the HSM SPF; speed limit and the percentage of AADT composed of multiple-unit trucks were found to correlate significantly with observed crash frequencies. The fourth negative binomial model developed in the study would be the best SPF to predict crashes on rural highways in Utah. As encouraged by the HSM and contemporary research, the empirical Bayes method can be applied with each jurisdiction-specific SPF because the analysis provided an overdispersion parameter for each model.
Ascorbic Acid/Retinol and/or Inflammatory Stimuli’s Effect on Proliferation/Differentiation Properties and Transcriptomics of Gingival Stem/Progenitor Cells

The present study explored the effects of ascorbic-acid (AA)/retinol and timed inflammation on the stemness, the regenerative potential, and the transcriptomics profile of gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells’ (G-MSCs). STRO-1 (mesenchymal stem cell marker) immuno-magnetically sorted G-MSCs were cultured in basic medium (control group), in basic medium with IL-1β (1 ng/mL), TNF-α (10 ng/mL) and IFN-γ (100 ng/mL, inflammatory-medium), in basic medium with AA (250 µmol/L) and retinol (20 µmol/L) (AA/retinol group) or in inflammatory medium with AA/retinol (inflammatory/AA/retinol group; n = 5/group). The intracellular levels of phosphorylated and total β-Catenin at 1 h, the expression of stemness genes over 7 days, the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) as well as the cellular proliferation aptitude over 14 days, and the G-MSCs’ multilineage differentiation potential were assessed. Next-generation sequencing was undertaken to elaborate on up-/downregulated genes and altered intracellular pathways. G-MSCs demonstrated all mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells characteristics. Controlled inflammation with AA/retinol significantly elevated NANOG (p < 0.05). The AA/retinol-mediated reduction in intracellular phosphorylated β-Catenin was restored through the effect of controlled inflammation (p < 0.05). Cellular proliferation was highest in the AA/retinol group (p < 0.05). AA/retinol counteracted the inflammation-mediated reduction in G-MSCs’ clonogenic ability and CFUs. Amplified chondrogenic differentiation was observed in the inflammatory/AA/retinol group. At 1 and 3 days, the differentially expressed genes were associated with development, proliferation, and migration (FOS, EGR1, SGK1, CXCL5, SIPA1L2, TFPI2, KRATP1-5), survival (EGR1, SGK1, TMEM132A), differentiation and mineral absorption (FOS, EGR1, MT1E, KRTAP1-5, ASNS, PSAT1), inflammation and MHC-II antigen processing (PER1, CTSS, CD74) and intracellular pathway activation (FKBP5, ZNF404). Less as well as more genes were activated the longer the G-MSCs remained in the inflammatory medium or AA/retinol, respectively. Combined, current results point at possibly interesting interactions between controlled inflammation or AA/retinol affecting stemness, proliferation, and differentiation attributes of G-MSCs.
How do expert (creative) writers write? A literature review and a call for research

ABSTRACT What knowledge and skills will help our students to improve the way in which they perform the activity of creative writing? In the fields of composition studies and educational psychology, one way of answering this question has been to study the ways in which expert writers perform the activity of writing. In this paper, I review some of the literature on general expertise and writing expertise by proposing nine theses on three dimensions of writing expertise: (1) the social processes that lead writers to be recognised as experts, (2) the psychology of writing experts, and (3) the writing processes in which expert writers engage. The pedagogical implications of these theses are discussed. Likewise, I discuss a number of directions for further research in each of these areas. Compared to academic and professional writing expertise, creative writing expertise has received very little academic attention. Therefore, far more research will be necessary to understand the domain-specific knowledge and skills that expert creative writers use to become recognised as experts and to perform the activity of writing. This review sets the stage for future research by reviewing what we know about writing expertise generally while revealing how little we know about creative writing expertise in particular.
Disease modification in ankylosing spondylitis with TNF inhibitors: spotlight on early phase clinical trials

ABSTRACT Introduction Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease whose main hallmark is involvement of the axial skeleton. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the first line treatment; however, their use is limited because of side effects. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) are a safe and effective therapy, and they have been approved for the management of AS. Areas covered This is a review of the efficacy of TNFi in disease modification in AS. It is focused on results from early-phase clinical trials; however, it also discusses the most relevant findings in order to optimize anti-TNF treatment. A literature search was done using PubMed, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library, looking for scientific publications from inception to August 2021. Further information was retrieved from ClinicalTrial.gov and Clinicaltrialsregister.eu. Expert opinion TNFi have demonstrated short- and long-term improvements in all aspects of disease activity, as well as physical function in patients with AS. They have drastically revolutionized the management of the disease; and even though new drugs have become available in the market, TNFi has not been displaced for the treatment of AS, and still constitute the best alternative when NSAIDs are no-longer an option.
Effects of Combustible Stacking in Large Compartments

This paper focuses on the modelling of fire in case of various distributions of combustible materials in a large compartment.Large compartments often represent a challenge for structural fire safety, because of lack of prescriptive rules to follow and difficulties of taking into account the effect of non uniform distribution of the combustible materials and fire propagation.These aspects are discussed in this paper with reference to an industrial steel building, taken as case study. Fires triggered by the burning of wooden pallets stored in the premises have been investigated with respect to different stacking configurations of the pallets with the avail of a CFD code. The results in term of temperatures of the hot gasses and of the steel elements composing the structural system are compared with simplified analytical model of localized and post-flashover fires, with the aim of highlighting limitation and potentiality of different modelling approaches.
Technological Forecasting & Social Change Government roles in evaluation and arrangement of R & D consortia

Article history: Received 23 January 2014 Received in revised form 31 May 2014 Accepted 28 June 2014 Available online 26 July 2014 The role of government in forming and coordinating R&D consortia has often been cited in studies of the economic success of latecomer countries such as Korea and Japan. Most previous studies documented the government's efforts to provide funding. In our research about the government's role in determining the quality of innovation, we develop a computational model based on genetic algorithms. The two main aspects of government involvement explored in this study are 1) the timing of evaluation of participating firms in a consortium, and 2) the form that these consortia take. In terms of the timing of evaluation, we find that continuous evaluation is consistently superior to early evaluation. In addition, the effect of the form of the consortium depends on the timing of evaluation. An inverse pyramid arrangement, which emphasizes variation at the beginning of the innovation process, outperforms a pyramid-form arrangement only when evaluation is continuous. We identify the tension and reconciliation between diversity and selection as the force underlying the results of this study. We discuss these findings and their implications for how governments should balance diversity and selection when designing innovation systems. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
NEXRAD Stage III Precipitation Local Bias Adjustment for Streamflow Prediction

Prediction accuracy of physically based hydrologic models largely depends on how well the models and input data represent the real world in terms of precipitation, topography, soils, land use/land cover, and land management. Precipitation is, by far, the largest source of uncertainty; misestimating it by a small percentage leads to inadequate soil-moisture accounting and subsequent inaccuracy in runoff and streamflow estimation. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the optimum local bias adjustment factor (BAF) threshold limits (TLs) by using SWAT-modeled streamflow values and frequency distributions with NEXRAD or raingauge precipitation inputs, and (2) to assess the impact of BAF TLs derived from 40 raingauges in and around a large watershed in west central Kansas on hydrologic response of the SWAT model. NEXRAD overestimated precipitation depths (45% to 184%) in warm months including April to September and underestimated depths (33% to 64%) in cold months including December to February; the remaining months had fairly close estimates (within ±20%). Assessment of bias-adjusted NEXRAD data based on daily raingauge comparisons found the best model efficiency (Ef) using 0.15 lower TL, whereas the lowest bias was for 0.33 lower TL, both with 2.0 upper TL. However, assessment of NEXRAD data based on predicted versus observed daily streamflow found the best Ef using 0.15 lower TL and the lowest bias using 0.25 lower TL. NEXRAD data bias-adjusted using TLs of 2.0 (upper) combined with 0.15 (lower) produced satisfactory streamflow results, similar to the default nearest-raingauge method used in SWAT. This result is encouraging considering the substantial seasonal bias evident in the Stage III NEXRAD data and it indicates the potential for future improvements in streamflow simulation accuracy as NEXRAD accuracy increases. This study demonstrated that TLs are needed in bias-adjustment of NEXRAD data for reasonable hydrologic simulation, and that better streamflow simulation accuracy is obtained if the optimum TLs are based on streamflow assessment rather than assessment of the precipitation data.
Effects of Cr content on the interruption ability of CuCr contact materials

The effects of Cr content in CuCr contact materials, especially on high current interruption, have so far mostly been examined in experimental chambers rather than in actual vacuum interrupters (VIs). Possible interactions of the contacts with their surroundings, both electromechanical and gaseous, may require commercial VIs for a more realistic test determination of the effects of Cr content on the overall performance. In this work, the Cr content in CuCr contacts is varied from 5 to 75 wt% and tested in their 38 kV axial magnetic field type VIs. The material properties of electrical conductivity, hardness and total VI resistance are measured as a function of the Cr content. AC and impulse voltage withstand capabilities are tested before and after short-circuit current interruption tests. Contact erosion behavior is examined with VIs subjected to only a half cycle arcing duty.
Numerical Analysis of Supersonic Film Cooling in Supersonic Flow in Hypersonic Inlet with Isolator

Supersonic film cooling is an efficient method to cool the engine with extremely high heat load. In order to study supersonic film cooling in a real advanced engine, a two-dimensional model of the hypersonic inlet in a scramjet engine with supersonic film cooling in the isolator is built and validated through experimental data. The simulation results show that the cooling effect under different coolant injection angles does not show clear differences; a small injection angle can ensure both the cooling effect and good aerodynamic performances (e.g., flow coefficient) of the hypersonic inlet. Under selected coolant injection angle and inlet Mach number, the cooling efficiency increases along with the injection Mach number of the coolant flow, only causing a little total pressure loss in the isolator. Along with the increase of the inlet Mach number of the hypersonic inlet, the cooling efficiency does not present a monotonic change because of the complex shock waves. However, the wall temperature shows a monotonic increase when the inlet Mach number increases. The mass flow rate of coolant flow should be increased to cool the engine more efficiently according to the mass flow rate of the main stream when the inlet Mach number increases.
The Urban Sprawl and Urban Planning in Haikou

Rapid urban development and dramatic change of landscape have been recently witnessed in the developing city Haikou in China as a result of rapid economic development. In this paper, Dinamica which was a spatially explicit simulation model of landscape dynamics were used to simulate the evolution of Haikou during the period of 1989 to 2012.They are expanding from exist city cell, around the city center, along the transportation line, and rural resident spot. According to the spatial occupation reality of Haikouin 1996 and 2008, the simulation accuracy is greater than 82% . Dinamica model is considere d a useful tool for urbanization research. And we found that residential land development tools such as the Public Residential City Development (PRCD) and the Housing Construction Facilitating Support (HCFS) in Haikou are working to prevent sprawl or facilitate it.
Nanoscale field-effect transistors: An ultimate size analysis

We have used a simple, analytically solvable model to analyze the characteristics of dual-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with 10 nm-scale channel length L. The model assumes ballistic dynamics of two-dimensional electrons in an undoped channel between highly doped source and drain. When applied to silicon n-MOSFETs, calculations show that the voltage gain (necessary for logic applications) drops sharply at L∼10 nm, while the conductance modulation remains sufficient for memory applications until L∼4 nm.
Smolder Rates of Thin Cellulosic Materials

Linear burn rates were determined for thin, cellulosic materials (papers and cotton fabrics) held in the horizontal plane by measuring the rate of radial increase of the circular burn pattern. Linear burn rates were determined for freely smoldering materials and for materials in contact with polyurethane foam. The linear burn rates of the freely smoldering materials were found to be inversely proportional to basis weight. This relationship held over basis weights from 0.8 to 24 oz/yd2. The linear burn rates of the materials in contact with poly urethane foam were also inversely proportional to basis weight and were reduced about 16% from the free smolder rate. The effect of potassium ion content was also examined. A minimum level of potassium, approximately 1300 ppm, was re quired for sustained smoldering combustion. Above this minimum level, the ion content did not have a significant effect on the linear burn rate.
Work Force Composition and Innovation: How Diversity in Employees’ Ethnical and Disciplinary Backgrounds Facilitates Knowledge Re-combination

In this paper, we study how workforce composition is related to firm’s radical innovation. Previous studies have argued that teams composed by individuals with diverse background are able to perform more information processing and make a deeper use of the information, which is important to accomplish complex tasks. We suggest that this argument can be extended to the level of the aggregate workforce of high technology firms. Our theoretical interest is focused on the extent to which insights from the literatures on science and invention can be applied to firms’ abilities to achieve radical innovation. In particular, we argue that having a set of employees with greater ethnical and higher education diversity is associated with superior radical innovation performance. Using a sample of 3,888 Swedish firms, we find that greater workforce ethnic diversity is positively correlated to the share of a firm’s turnover generated by radical innovation, while it is neutral to incremental innovation. Greater diversity in terms of higher educational disciplinary background of the workforce is positively correlated to the share of turnover generated by both radical and incremental innovation. Contrary to our hypothesis, we also find that having more external collaborations reduces the importance of a workforce with a diverse disciplinary background, while the importance of ethnic diversity is hold unchanged. Our findings hold after using alternatives measures of dependent and independent variables, alternative sample sizes, and alternative estimation techniques including panel data, and structural equation modeling for simultaneous estimation of diversity, R&D intensity and external search.
Associations of Dietary Patterns and Risk of Hypertension in Southwest China: A Prospective Cohort Study

Empirical data on the association between diet and incident hypertension in Southwest China is lacking. We examined the associations between various dietary patterns and the risk of incident hypertension in this prospective population cohort of Southwest China. A total of 5442 eligible adults were included from Guizhou Province, China, since 2010. Dietary information was obtained using face-to-face interviews with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were characterized using factor analysis. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated for the associations between various dietary patterns and incident hypertension risk using a Cox proportional hazard model. Until 2020, a total of 1177 new hypertension cases were identified during an average follow-up of 6.97 years. In the multivariable-adjusted analysis, a low intake of the junk food pattern was significantly associated with the reducing risk of incident hypertension (HR: 0.772, 95% CI: 0.671, 0.887) and a high intake of the vegetable–grain pattern statistically lowered the risk of incident hypertension (HR: 0.774, 95% CI: 0.669, 0.894) compared with the medium intake of such patterns. Higher adherence to the vegetable–grain pattern and lower adherence to the junk food pattern significantly lowered the hypertension incidence among the population in Southwest China. Those findings suggested healthy diet guidelines should be developed for the prevention of hypertension.
Performance prediction in compound-Gaussian clutter

The paper deals with the performance prediction of conventional receivers in non-Gaussian disturbance. The analysis is carried out for compound-Gaussian clutter plus thermal noise although the emphasis here is on a clutter-dominated environment. In this case, closed-form expressions for the false alarm rate are also given. A sensitivity analysis of the detection schemes to the statistical model for clutter amplitude shows that the assumption whether the input clutter is Weibull or K-distributed is uninfluential. >
Challenges and Progress in Controlling Dynamics in Gas Turbine Combustors

Combustion dynamics impact the design of both conventional diffusion e ame gas turbine combustors and lean premixed combustion systems. The occurrence of dynamics in diffusion e ame combustors can generally be eliminated through changes to the fueling system or operating characteristics driven primarily through empirical design know-how. Lean premixed combustors, such as industrial aeroderivative dry low-emissions combustors, have more persistent dynamics problems that are only partially ameliorated with application of empirical tools and controls. With continuing emphasis on reducing emissions and cost and increasing performance of turbopropulsion engine combustors, the design direction of e ight engines is approaching the lean premixed limit; thus, there is a need for improved tools and control strategies for combustion dynamics in these applications as well. The components of a combined analytical, experimental, and computational approach to understanding and controlling combustion dynamics are being developed. With successful implementation of such an analytical and control mechanism, further improvements in the emissions, stability, and durability characteristics of both e ight and industrial combustors will become possible.