Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological Responses of Muskmelon (Cucumus melo L.) to NaCl salinity in vitro and Hydroponic Cultures

The study was initiated to investigate osmotic adjustment and physiological responses of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) to induced NaCl salinity stress (0, 50, 75, 100, or 125 mM) in vitro and in a hydroponic culture. Leaf tissue osmolarity decreased from -6.31 and -7.09 bar for the control to -9.82 and -10.11 bar for the highest NaCl concentration (125 mM) for in vitro and hydroponic cultures, respectively. In both cultures, shoot height and weight, root length and fresh weight, and soluble and crude protein contents decreased with elevated concentration of NaCl. Mineral acquisition in the tissue was affected by salinity level, where K, Ca, Mg, N, and P decreased with increasing salinity. Tissue Na increased from 0.44 and 1.78% to 6.16 and 5.63% when NaCl increased from 0 to 125 mM for in vitro and hydroponic cultures, respectively. It may be concluded that in vitro and hydroponic cultures would be sufficient for screening or studying salinity tolerance in muskmelon.
The Mammalian Skull

Preface Introduction Part I. The Craniogenic elements: 1. Head mesoderm 2. The endoskeletal skull 3. The dermal skull Part II. Evolution of the Mammalian Skull: 4. Evolution of the mammalian skull Part III. functional Adaptations of the Skull in Modern Eutherians: 5. The masticatory apparatus 6. The auditory region 7. The nasal region Part III. Skull Growth: 8. Skull growth References.
Técnicas de indentación aplicadas al estudio de propiedades mecánicas de recubrimientos cerámicos de nitruro de titanio

Este trabajo trata con el estudio de la respuesta mecanica de Nitruro de Titanio (TiN) a situaciones de contacto estatico con indentadores Vickers y Rockwell C Se depositaron capas de TiN sobre aceros M2 y 304L a traves del proceso de Arco-PAPVD. Para este proposito se utilizaron dos equipos: un reactor comercial de marca Balzers y uno experimental. Las probetas fueron sometidas a ensayos de indentacion estatica con cargas entre 5 mN y 1500 N, aplicadas por medio de un nanoindentador Fisher H 100V y equipos de indentacion convencional equipados con indentadores Vickers y Rockwell C. Las indentaciones permitieron obtener la dureza y modulo de elasticidad de las capas y sustrato y su variacion con el desplazamiento relativo del indentador (RID). La microestructura de estos sistemas, espesor de las capas, patrones de agrietamiento fueron obtenidos a traves de microscopia electronica de barrido (MEB), microscopia e fuerza atomica (MFA), difraccion de rayos X (DRX) y ensayos Calo-test. En el caso de los sistemas recubiertos en el reactor experimenta, se tuvieron problemas con la medicion de la dureza y modulo de elasticidad debido a la redondez de la punta del indentador y la hereogeneidad en la microestructura y espesor de las capas. Los valores de dureza y modulo de elasticidad medidos en las capas depositadas en el reactor Balzers, fueron de aproximadamente 25 GPa y 400 GPa. Las curvas (RID) mostraron una variacion de estas propiedades y mostraron ser una herramienta importante para el desempeno de estas capas. Ademas las curvas (P-h^2), (P-h^1.5) y (P-h) permitieron correlacionar los patrones de agrietamiento generados durante los ensayos, con la capacidad de estos sistemas para sostener cargas y la posibilidad de agrietamiento. Los ensayos de indentacion Rockwell C permitieron medir la adherencia de las capas al sustrato. Todos estos resultados indican que los sistemas M2-TiN se comportan mejor que los 304L-TiN, y estos a su vez que los depositados en el reactor experimental. Tambien se demostro que algunos modelos estudiados para la medicion de Kc, and Kc^INT de las capas e intercara respectivamente, no son adecuados para este proposito en los sistemas fabricados. Esto debido a la diferencia entre los patrones de agrietamiento en que los modelos se basan y los obtenidos.
An Evaluation of Oat Varieties for Forage

Small oats are grown for forage for livestock. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the performance of selected oat varieties for forage quantity and quality. The study discussed was initiated in 1972 with 11 varieties chosen for their maturity and plant height. Figure 1 gives us the average forage yield of all 11 oat varieties as influenced by maturity for 1972, 1973 and 1974. Figure 2 shows us the average forage yield of medium to late maturing oat varieties as influenced by plant height for 1972, 1973 and 1974. Table 3 gives us a summary of agronomic data collected on 11 oat varieties in 1972, 1973 and 1974.Tables 4 and 5 give varietal comparisons of oat hay harvested at milk stage. Table 6 the concentrations of calcium, magnesium and potassium along with the ratios of potassium to calcium plus magnesium. The oat variety Lodi came out on top.
Identification of heat tolerant upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm utilizing chlorophyll fluorescence measurement

Heat stress adversely affects upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the U.S. A low level of genetic variability in domesticated upland cotton is one of the major constraints for cotton germplasm improvement. Utilization of exotic accessions through introgression could have potential to improve the heat tolerance of upland cotton. Heat tolerance is difficult to determine, especially when yield and fiber quality are the parameters measured in photoperiodic, non-adapted genotypes. Chlorophyll fluorescence is a widely used technique in abiotic stress studies. My objectives were: (1) to evaluate wild (mostly photoperiodic, non-adapted) genotypes for heat tolerance using a chlorophyll fluorescence assay; (2) to determine the heritability of heat tolerance identified by chlorophyll fluorescence in the segregating generations and select elite lines among advanced populations based on this measurement; (3) and to identify if heat tolerance as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence translates to increased growth and vigor under high temperatures. Forty-four wild accessions of upland cotton were selected as a resource of heat tolerant germplasm for a growth chamber test and a field evaluation. In the growth chamber, six-week old cotton plants were subjected to heat stress at 45oC and 80% relative humidity for 24 hrs. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured before and after heat treatment. In the field, chlorophyll fluorescence (ΦPSII) was measured between 1200 h and 1400 h on the two youngest fully developed leaves of each plant during the first square stage to the open boll stage. Based on the chlorophyll fluorescence measured in the growth chamber and the field test, three wild accessions (TX 2287, TX 2285 and TX 761) were identified as being heat tolerant. Crosses were made between two elite wild accessions and DP 90. F2:3 lines in these two segregating populations were also evaluated in a growth chamber test and a field evaluation which were in the same manner as wild accessions. The broad-sense heritability of chlorophyll fluorescence on F2:3 lines in the growth chamber was markedly different from that in the field indicating this measurement is sensitive to environmental conditions. Most fiber quality traits of F2:3 lines were comparable to that of adapted cultivars whereas most seed traits of F2:3 were slightly lower than that of adapted cultivars. Furthermore, correlations were found between chlorophyll fluorescence measurement and seed traits as well as between chlorophyll fluorescence measurement and fiber quality traits indicating chlorophyll fluorescence can be used as a selection tool for simultaneous improvement of heat tolerance, seed trait and fiber quality in these introgressed lines.
The Consequences of stochastic gene expression in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Celulas y organismos geneticamente identicos y creciendo en un ambiente homogeneo pueden mostrar diferencias en sus fenotipos. Ademas, una misma mutacion puede afectar de un modo distinto a individuos de una misma poblacion. Es sabido que los procesos bioquimicos responsables de la expresion de genes estan sujetos a fluctuaciones debido a su inherentemente naturaleza probabilistica. Sin embargo, el rol que juegan estas fluctuaciones en individuos portadores de mutaciones ha sido poco estudiado, asi como si la expresion estocastica de genes puede conferir alguna ventaja al nivel poblacional. Para investigar las consecuencias de la expresion estocastica de genes usamos como modelo al nematodo Caenorhabditis elegans. En este trabajo demostramos que existe variacion entre individuos en la induccion de mecanismos (tanto gen-especificos como globales) que confieren robustez al desarrollo. En consecuencia, diferencias fenotipicas entre mutantes estan determinadas por la variacion conjunta de dichos mecanismos. Tambien, demostramos que la robustez a perturbaciones geneticos y ambientales estan estrechamente ligadas en C. elegans. Individuos que inducen estocasticamente una mayor respuesta a stress, estan fenotipicamente mejor protegidos al efecto de mutaciones pero incurren en un costo reproductivo importante. Eso sugiere, que variaciones estocasticas al nivel poblacional pueden ser beneficas cuando las poblaciones afrontan ambientes impredecibles.
Sensing of Endogenous Nucleic Acids by theInnate Immune System during Viral Infection: A Dissertation

Innate sensing of nucleic acids lies at the heart of antiviral host defense. However, aberrant activation of innate sensors by host nucleic acids can also lead to the development of autoimmune diseases. Such host nucleic acids can also be released from stressed, damaged or dying cells into the tissue microenvironment. It however remains unclear how the extracellular nucleic acids impacts the quality of the host immune responses against viral infections. Using a mouse model of influenza A virus (IAV) infection, we uncovered an important immune-regulatory pathway that tempers the intensity of the host-response to infection. We found that host-derived DNA from necrotic cells accumulates in the lung microenvironment during IAV infection, and is sensed by the DNA receptor Absent in Melanoma 2 (AIM2). AIM2-deficiency resulted in severe immune pathology highlighted by enhanced recruitments of immune cells, and excessive systemic inflammation after IAV challenge, which led to increased morbidity and lethality in IAV-infected mice. Interestingly, these effects of AIM2 were largely independent of its ability to mediate IL-1β maturation through inflammasome complexes. Finally, ablation of accumulated DNA in the lung by transgenic expression of DNaseI in vivo had similar effects. Collectively, our results identify a novel mechanism of cross talk between PRR pathways, where sensing of hostderived nucleic acids limits immune mediated damage to virus infected tissues.
The Effect of Organizational Learning Capability as a Mediating Variable in the Relationship between Green Intellectual Capital and Business Sustainability: Evidence from the Manufacturing Sector

Sustainability is aimed to foster the balanced of economic, social and environmental development. However, only economic dimension is receiving more attention in business organization. In fact, the present economic activity has contributed to rather serious environmental crises. This environmental destruction seems to affect our ability in sustaining prosperity and achieving social equity. Thus, there has been an increase interest in green intellectual capital towards attaining the goal of business sustainability in the last decades. Green intellectual capital refers to a new form of innovation and approach in the attempt to understand and solve issues related to the environment. Furthermore, the role of green intellectual capital on business sustainability is better supported by organizational learning capability to mediate the relationship between green intellectual capital and business sustainability. Hence, the motivation of this study derives from the above facts that the green intellectual capital and business sustainability approach are still new in Malaysia. The developed hypotheses were tested based on the data gathered via mail survey to managers of SMEs in the Malaysian manufacturing. Data collected from 168 managers were analyzed using the Smart PLS 3.0 statistically techniques. Three main findings revealed. Firstly, green structural capital and green relational capital have significant relationship with organizational learning capability while green human capital did not. Secondly, organizational learning capability has a significant relationship with business sustainability. Thirdly, organizational learning mediates the relationship between both green structural capital and green relational capital and business sustainability, while green human capital did not. This current study, has contributed to the body of knowledge where this is the first study that links green intellectual International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 9 , No. 6, June, 2019, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2019 HRMARS 586 capital on business sustainability. In addition, no research done on organizational learning capability as mediating in the relationship between green intellectual capital and business sustainability. Finally, this paper provides several implications and limitations.
Impact of different insecticides used for bollworm control on the population of jassid and whitefly in cotton.

The impact of insecticides used for controlling bollworms was evaluated on sucking pests such as jassid and whitefly. Imidacloprid was found to be the most effective insecticide in suppressing jassid population up to next spray, whereas, its continuous use invited more whitefly population. The population reduction of jassid was also better in monocrotophos and endosulfan treated plots. Neem treated plots recorded relatively less whitefly population, whereas, continuous use of cypermethrin induced 10-fold resurgence. Recommended schedule maintained both jassid and whitefly below economic threshold level.
Evidence from Motion

Perceived motion is defined as the apparent speed and direction of objects that are translating and/or rotating in three-dimensional space. It has long been clear, however, that the perceived speeds and directions of moving objects disagree with physical measurements of motion. With respect to speed, the flash-lag effect has been a major focus; with respect to direction, the emphasis has been on the effects of apertures. These phenomena—and many others—raise the question of how we routinely succeed in the world despite blatant discrepancies between the motions we see and the physical speeds and directions of the objects we must deal with. Resolving this puzzle presents another body of evidence pertinent to whether empirical ranking is the way nervous systems link objective and subjective domains.
What Do Employees Know? Quality Perception and 'Over-Satisfaction' in Firms Going Public

Should IPO investors pay attention to employees' views on firm quality and work satisfaction (e.g., work-life-balance)? We track employees' opinions (Glassdoor) in private firms that subsequently go public. Employees' pre-IPO views are informative: positive views on firm/manager quality predict stronger post-IPO stock performance, while dispersion in opinions correlates with post-IPO return volatility. A striking finding is that employees' satisfaction in excess of that predicted by firm quality opinions (over-satisfaction) is negatively related to post-IPO performance. Finally, positive initial-day stock returns enhance employees' views regarding firm quality, suggesting that IPO underpricing may secure a boost in employees' morale.
Studies on the vegetative growth requirements of Psathyrella atroumbonata, pegler, an edible mushroom in Nigeria

Growth requirements of Psathyrella atroumbonata Pegler, a Nigeria edible mushroom were studied. Glucose was the best carbon source. This was followed by maltose, starch and manitol in that order. The least growth was observed in lactose and cellulose. Yeast extract which is organic nitrogen proved to be the best nitrogen source. P. atroumbonata utilizes organic nitrogen better than inorganic nitrogen. Thiamine was the best vitamin among the vitamins tested. This was followed by nicotinic acid riboflavin. The least growth was observed in folic acid. Asparagine proved best among the amino acids tested followed by aspartic acid and the least stimulatory amino acid was glycine. Carbon to nitrogen ratio of 4: 1 and 1: 4 stimulated good mycelial growth. The implication of these results is discussed in relation to the growth of P. atroumbonata. Key words: Studies, vegetative growth, requirement, Psathyrella atroumbonata,edible mushroom
Personal and social change in and through sport: cross-cutting themes

The ten essays that make up this special edition of Sport in Society serve as a starting point for examining the ways in which sport contributes to, or inhibits, particular social outcomes. In this epilogue I will address, in a concise and exploratory way, the main crosscutting themes that emerge from the individual contributions as a basis for further discussion and research. An issue that has been frequently commented upon is that social development through sport is focused disproportionately on Northern modern sports to the exclusion of indigenous games. The most used sport in sport-for-development programmes across the globe is association football (soccer), reflecting the game’s global appeal. Other often used sports, though to a much lesser extent, are volleyball, athletics and basketball. In considering the contemporary academic and policy discourses on sport-for-development, it is critical to recall the instrumental use of sport during the colonial period. In their contribution to this volume, Meier and Saavedra explain how sport served as a means of ‘civilizing’ African societies through its disciplining nature, and as a regimen to teach hygiene, cleanliness and self-control. It could be argued that besides representing modes of (neo-) colonial domination and social control, Northern modern sports carry with them certain ‘dysfunctional’ aspects of the societies in which they originated, such as a fixation on competition and winning and related practices of violence, cheating and corruption. The contributions to this special edition appear to challenge this view in two ways. Firstly, they point to the much wider range of sports that may act, in certain circumstances, as agents of personal and social change. Burnett, for instance, discusses the uses of indigenous games, gymnastics, aerobics, netball, rugby, cricket, handball and other games in South Africa. The project in Bam, Iran, also included table tennis and karate in its combination of several sports. Kunz found that children’s interest in traditional, indigenous games was very low and that some of these games are not well-suited for children (i.e. certain combat sports). The essays by Spaaij and Hallinan and Judd pay particular attention to the role and influence of Australian football, not only for Australians of Anglo-Saxon descent but also for Indigenous Australians. The latter essay nevertheless paints a rather grim picture of race relations progress in Australia, showing how the Australian sport system, especially the Australian Football League, generates a form of organizational practice that contains and stereotypes Indigenous ambition and performance. This and other contributions highlight that the transformative capacity of
Phylogeny and biogeography of southern hemisphere high-mountain Cardamine species (Brassicaceae)

The biogeography and phylogenetic relationships of Southern Hemisphere Cardamine L. species were analysed using nuclear rDNA ITS and cpDNA (trnL intron, trnL-F spacer) sequences. The analyses indicate that the montane species from Australia and New Zealand (C. corymbosa Hook.f., C. lilacina Hook. and C. debilis Banks ex DC.) are closely related to the South American C. glacialis (Forster) DC. Low sequence divergence between C. glacialis and the Australian and New Zealand species suggests relatively recent (less than 500 000 years ago) long-distance dispersal from South America to Australasia, or vice versa. The relationship of the New Guinean species, C. keysseri O.E. Schulz and C. africana L. , to the Australian species remained unresolved. Accessions of the high-mountain, pan-continental species C. africana from Africa, South America and New Guinea differed widely in their positions on both the ITS tree and the cpDNA tree, suggesting a polyphyletic origin. The East African high-mountain species C. obliqua Hochst. grouped with European species on the cpDNA tree. The African species, C. trichocarpa Hochst. , formed a sister group to all the other Cardamine species analysed.
Phytochemical screening and antibacterial potentials of the garlic (Allium sativum) extracts against clinical isolates

This study investigated various phytochemicals and antibacterial activity of garlic (Allium sativum) bulb extract on five clinical bacterial pathogens using the agar well diffusion method. These bacteria include; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi. Two different extracts were obtained from the bulbs of garlic (ethanol-soluble and methanol-soluble extracts). Phytochemical screening of the garlic bulb extracts indicated the presence of glycosides, steroids, phlobatanins, flavonoid, alkaloids, terpenoids and carbohydrate while saponin, phenolics and tannins were absent. There were zones of inhibitions around the wells which indicate that the organisms were sensitive to both ethanol and methanol extract of garlic having inhibitory strength on the test organisms ranging from 2-32 mm. The MIC and MBC revealed the isolates behaved differently in their sensitivity ranging from ranged from 20 - 76 mg/mL for ethanolic extract, while methanolic extract has ranged from 13 - 62 mg/mL. The methanol extract of the garlic bulb was absolutely more effective against five pathogenic bacteria than the ethanolic extract. This study indicates that Allium sativum had great antibacterial effect thus confirming its usage in herbal medicine.
A genetic perspective on the taxonomy and evolution of the medically important flea, Dinopsyllus ellobius (Siphonaptera: Dinopsyllinae), and the resurrection of Dinopsyllus abaris

Dinopsyllus ellobius is considered a common and widespread flea in southern Africa and can act as a vector for plague. Due to differences in the interpretation of geographical variation in male sternite VIII, the taxonomy of the species is characterized by uncertainty. In an attempt to provide a better understanding of the systematics of D. ellobius, and also to provide new insights into the mechanisms that play a role in the diversification of the taxon, we sampled 830 small mammals at 31 localities throughout the distribution range of the parasite. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) sequence data were generated for 151 D. ellobius specimens from 19 positive localities and this data set was supplemented with partial data derived from an elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1-α) intron. A parsimony haplotype network of the mtDNA and a Splitstree analyses revealed the existence of two genetic clades that were separated by 5.53% (± 1.78) sequence divergence. Although the nuclear DNA data were unresolved, significant size differences were detected between head, coxa, femur and tibia lengths of male individuals belonging to the two mtDNA lineages. The exact mechanisms that could have caused the diversification among lineages are not clear but the two lineages seem to be geographically separated and may have different ecological requirements. The present study strongly supports the notion that the two lineages are representative of D. ellobius (probably more associated with the host body and better adapted to mesic conditions) and Dinopsyllus abaris (probably more associated with the host nest and diverse climatic conditions) as originally proposed based on the single morphological character confined to male sternite VIII.