Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectacled bear habitat use in the historical sanctuary of Machu Picchu and adjacent areas

This study was designed to determine if spectacled bears fTremarctos ornatus) confine their activities to habitat units of vegetation within broad habitat types. Vegetation data were recorded in the Historical Sanctuary of Machu Picchu and adjacent valleys from 230 transects located in 143 randomly selected sites, and in 87 sites that contained bear sign. A bias is recognized, in that only visible, bear-use sites were located (e.g., no bears were radio-marked). The relative abundance of plant species found in four structural layers along transects 15 or 20 m long was recorded. Information on bear behavior was gathered from sign found at the 87 sites and in an additional 48 sites where vegetation studies along transects were not conducted. The data were analyzed using TWINSPAN, a classification program, and DECORANA, an ordination program, to describe nine habitat types, six of which were occupied by bears. The position of sites in ordination space and field observations supported the idea that steppe habitat was a serai stage of humid forest habitats. Presence/absence of plant species in each site, grouped according to their family determination and life form, was sufficient for TWINSPAN and DECORANA to divide sites into habitat types appropriate for the analysis of bear use. Seven vegetative units located in four habitat types contained 8356 of the sites where evidence of bear presence was found. One such vegetative unit was found in both subalpine paramo (3,600-4,150 m) and rain paramo (3,400-4,000 m), two were found in steppe grasslands (3,050-3,650), and Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 7 three were found in very humid forest below 2,700 m. These possible spectacled bear habitat components were characterized by bear food species with relative abundance values greater than 5%, Almost half (48.3? ) of the indicators that determined how clusters of sites were to be split were understory species, 17.2? were mid-canopy species, and 34.4% were overstory species. Advantages and disadvantages of the sampling method used are discussed as they relate to the results of this study.
Pericardial delta like non‐canonical NOTCH ligand 1 (Dlk1) augments fibrosis in the heart through epithelial to mesenchymal transition

Abstract Background Heart failure due to myocardial infarction (MI) involves fibrosis driven by epicardium‐derived cells (EPDCs) and cardiac fibroblasts, but strategies to inhibit and provide cardio‐protection remains poor. The imprinted gene, non‐canonical NOTCH ligand 1 (Dlk1), has previously been shown to mediate fibrosis in the skin, lung and liver, but very little is known on its effect in the heart. Methods Herein, human pericardial fluid/plasma and tissue biopsies were assessed for DLK1, whereas the spatiotemporal expression of Dlk1 was determined in mouse hearts. The Dlk1 heart phenotype in normal and MI hearts was assessed in transgenic mice either lacking or overexpressing Dlk1. Finally, in/ex vivo cell studies provided knowledge on the molecular mechanism. Results Dlk1 was demonstrated in non‐myocytes of the developing human myocardium but exhibited a restricted pericardial expression in adulthood. Soluble DLK1 was twofold higher in pericardial fluid (median 45.7 [34.7 (IQR)) μg/L] from cardiovascular patients (n = 127) than in plasma (median 26.1 μg/L [11.1 (IQR)]. The spatial and temporal expression pattern of Dlk1 was recapitulated in mouse and rat hearts. Similar to humans lacking Dlk1, adult Dlk1−/− mice exhibited a relatively mild developmental, although consistent cardiac phenotype with some abnormalities in heart size, shape, thorax orientation and non‐myocyte number, but were functionally normal. However, after MI, scar size was substantially reduced in Dlk1−/− hearts as compared with Dlk1+/+ littermates. In line, high levels of Dlk1 in transgenic mice Dlk1fl/flxWT1GFPCre and Dlk1fl/fl xαMHCCre/+Tam increased scar size following MI. Further mechanistic and cellular insight demonstrated that pericardial Dlk1 mediates cardiac fibrosis through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the EPDC lineage by maintaining Integrin β8 (Itgb8), a major activator of transforming growth factor β and EMT. Conclusions Our results suggest that pericardial Dlk1 embraces a, so far, unnoticed role in the heart augmenting cardiac fibrosis through EMT. Monitoring DLK1 levels as well as targeting pericardial DLK1 may thus offer new venues for cardio‐protection.
Fear, coping and support- from the perspective of children aged 10-17-year old having acute lymphoblastic leukemia

ABSTRACT Purpose To describe experiences of fear, coping, and support in 10–17-year-old children under treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Methods A longitudinal descriptive qualitative design was adopted. Ten children participated in one to three interviews each (24 interviews in all). Interviews were analysed using a matrix-based qualitative method. Results The variety of fears described related to uncertainty, pain and medical procedures, bodily changes and loss of control, complications, professionals’ attitudes, affected school results, and social isolation. Children used various strategies to deal with fear: some more general, to cope with the whole situation, and others more related to specific events such as treatment and tests. The most reported strategies we labelled Accepting the situation, Positive thinking, and Being an active agent. Less favourable strategies were also reported. Health care professionals, families, and friends offered valuable, but different kinds of, support. Conclusions Children aged 10 to 17 undergoing treatment for ALL experience various fears. Each experience is individual and changes over time, but there are common patterns. Most children used problem-solving or emotional-regulation strategies, but withdrawal was also reported. Even children who can deal with fear need support from their health care professionals, families, and friends.
Determination of growth, bearing, yield and some quality characteristics of pistachio cultivars grafted on different rootstocks under irrigated conditions

This experimental study was carried out between the years of 1997 and 2008 to determine the best pistachio rootstock-cultivar combinations for irrigated conditions in Şanliurfa in Turkey. Four different Pistacia species (Pistacia khinjuk Stocks, Pistacia atlantica Desf., Pistacia vera L. and Pistacia terebinthus L.) were used as rootstocks and five standard pistachio cultivars (Siirt, Ohadi, Kellekoci, Kerman and Selection 14) were grafted on them. Experimental orchard was established by 4x6 m in spacing in 1997. According to selected criteria, such as, tree vigor, bearing, yield and some quality characteristics, the best highlighted combinations were determined. P. khinjuk × Siirt cultivar and P. atlantica × Siirt combinations gave the best results for irrigated conditions in Şanliurfa.
Identification of Water Usage Efficiency for Corn (Zea mays L.) Lines Irrigated with Drip Irrigation Under Green House Conditions as Per Plant Water Stress Index Evaluations

The present study was conducted as a greenhouse study under Cukurova conditions during the years 2011-2012. Two different dent corn lines (5A2-B and 22K) were used as the plant material of the experiments. Crop water stress index (CWSI) values determined through leaf canopy temperature measurements performed ahead of irrigations were used to find out water use efficiencies. Experiments were conducted in randomized blocks-split plots experimental design with three replications. Drip irrigation was used for irrigations and two different irrigation programs were created as of I100 (supplying 100% of depleted water in every seven days) and I75 (applying 75% of depleted water. The amount of irrigation water applied for in the interaction of I100 irrigation and corn lines (5A2-B and 22K) in the first and second year were respectively varied between 253.0-274.0 and between 238.0-261.0 mm, seasonal plant water consumptions varied between 294.0-305.0 and between 284.6-302.6 mm, kernel yields varied between 2950.0-2990.0 and between 3130.0-3186.0 kg ha-1 . With regard to (in the interaction irrigation treatments x corn lines), the lowest and the highest CWSI values were observed in the interaction full irrigation (I100) and of the line 22K as 0.22 and in deficit irrigation treatment (I75) of the line 5A2-B as 0.41 in the first year; in full irrigation treatment (I100) of the line 22K as 0.20 and in deficit irrigation treatment (I75) of the line 5A2-B as 0.36. The greatest and the lowest chlorophyll contents (in the interaction irrigation treatments x corn lines) were respectively observed in I100 treatment of the line 22K as 58.3 spad and in I75 treatment of the line 5A2-B as 50.9 spad in the first year; in I100 treatment of the line 22K as 59.1 SPAD and in I75 treatment of the line 5A2-B as 55.1 spad. While the effects of irrigation treatments on average dry matter contents of the lines were not found to be significant, significant differences were observed in water use efficiency and kernel yield of dent corn lines (p<0.01). Current findings revealed that 22K dent corn line was prominent with regard to CWSI and chlorophyll content and the relevant line was also able to use available water holding capacity with an optimum efficiency. Therefore, it was concluded that the dent corn line (22K) could be used in further researches to improve water efficiencies.
Effect of trigger day serum luteinising hormone levels on the in-vitro fertilization outcome: an observational study

Objective Controlled ovarian stimulation leads to profound changes in the endocrine characteristics of the ovarian cycle. Serum luteinising hormone (LH) levels on the day of trigger have been shown to correlate with oocyte quality and pregnancy rate in antagonist cycles. Methods This is an observational study of 86 women undergoing an antagonist in-vitro fertilisation cycle. Oocyte maturation trigger used was either Inj. human chorionic gonadotropin or Inj. triptorelin 0.2 mg s/c or a combination of both. Women were categorised into four groups based on serum LH levels on the day of trigger i.e., LH ≤0.5 (n=8), LH=0.6–1.0 international units (IU)/L (n=12), LH=1.0–1.5 IU/L (n=13), and LH >1.6 IU/L (n=53) and the subgroup analysis was done based on type of trigger used. Results Mature oocyte (MII) retrieval rate did not show a significant relation with serum LH levels (87%, 89%, 77%, and 76% in groups with LH <0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–1.5, and >1.5 IU/L respectively; P-value=0.243). There was no significant difference in the clinical pregnancy rate either when women were split according to the type of trigger given or according to trigger day LH levels. Women with low LH levels (<0.5 IU/L) required significantly more doses of gonadotropins compared to women with LH levels of 1.0–1.5 IU/L. (3,531+1,133 vs. 2,281+938; P-value=0.01). Conclusion Based on the observation from the current study, there was no significant association of serum LH levels with MII retrieval rate and clinical pregnancy rate. The group with low LH levels required slightly longer days of stimulation.
Effects of Daylong Exposure to Indoor Overheating on Thermal and Cardiovascular Strain in Older Adults: A Randomized Crossover Trial

Background: Health agencies recommend that homes of heat-vulnerable occupants (e.g., older adults) be maintained below 24–28°C to prevent heat-related mortality and morbidity. However, there is limited experimental evidence to support these recommendations. Objective: To aid in the development of evidence-based guidance on safe indoor temperatures for temperate continental climates, we evaluated surrogate physiological outcomes linked with heat-related mortality and morbidity in older adults during simulated indoor overheating. Methods: Sixteen older adults [six women; median age: 72 y, interquartile range (IQR): 70–73 y; body mass index: 24.6 (IQR: 22.1–27.0) kg/m2] from the Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, region (warm summer continental climate) completed four randomized, 8-h exposures to conditions experienced indoors during hot weather in continental climates (e.g., Ontario, Canada; 64 participant exposures). Ambient conditions simulated an air-conditioned environment (22°C; control), proposed indoor temperature upper limits (26°C), and temperatures experienced in homes without air-conditioning (31°C and 36°C). Core temperature (rectal) was monitored as the primary outcome; based on previous recommendations, between-condition differences >0.3°C were considered clinically meaningful. Results: Compared with 22°C, core temperature was elevated to a meaningful extent in 31°C [+0.7°C; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.5, 0.8] and 36°C (+0.9°C; 95% CI: 0.8, 1.1), but not 26°C (+0.2°C, 95% CI: 0.0, 0.3). Increasing ambient temperatures were also associated with elevated heart rate and reduced arterial blood pressure and heart rate variability at rest, as well as progressive impairments in cardiac and blood pressure responses to standing from supine. Discussion: Core temperature and cardiovascular strain were not appreciably altered following 8-h exposure to 26°C but increased progressively in conditions above this threshold. These data support proposals for the establishment of a 26°C indoor temperature upper limit for protecting vulnerable occupants residing in temperate continental climates from indoor overheating. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13159
Hadrosaurian dinosaurs from the Maastrichtian Javelina Formation, Big Bend National Park, Texas

Abstract. Rare remains of hadrosaurian dinosaurs previously reported from the Maastrichtian Javelina Formation of West Texas had been attributed tentatively to either Edmontosaurus or Kritosaurus. Three recently recovered specimens include substantial skull parts and postcranial skeletal elements sufficient to recognize three distinct hadrosaurs. Two species are found in the lower part of the Javelina Formation; one of these is identified as Kritosaurus sp. , confirming the earlier referral of specimens to this taxon. The most complete of these specimens combines features thought to be diagnostic of both K. navajovius Brown, 1910 and ‘Naashoibitosaurus’ ostromi Hunt and Lucas, 1993 and exhibits some unique attributes such that its specific identity remains uncertain. A second species, documented by a single specimen found near the base of the Javelina Formation, is inadequate to confidently identify but appears to represent a ‘solid-crested’ saurolophine with frontals having upturned processes along the midline, similar to those that brace the posterior side of the narial crest in Saurolophus. A third hadrosaur is represented at a bonebed in the uppermost part of the Javelina Formation. Its remains are sufficient to justify designation as a new species ? Gryposaurus alsatei. The skull roof elements are similar to those in species of Gryposaurus, and although no parts of the narial crest are preserved, the bordering elements indicate that ? G. alsatei was a ‘flat-headed’ saurolophine. Referral of ? G. alsatei to Gryposaurus would constitute a significant temporal range extension for the genus into late Maastrichtian time, and if correct, this long-lived lineage of hadrosaurs persisted nearly to the end of Cretaceous time in West Texas. G. alsatei was a contemporary of Edmontosaurus, the sole terminal Cretaceous hadrosaur in the northern Great Plains region, and neither possessed the ornate narial crest that characterized many earlier hadrosaurs.
Are magnetic monopoles at the origin of magneto-electricity in spin ices?

The possibilities of combining several degrees of freedom inside a unique material have recently been highlighted in their dynamics and proposed as information carriers in quantum devices where their cross-manipulation by external parameters such as electric and magnetic fields could enhance their functionalities. An emblematic example is that of electromagnons, spin-waves dressed with electric dipoles, that are fingerprints of multiferroics. Point-like objects have also been identified, which may take the form of excited quasiparticles. This is the case for magnetic monopoles, the exotic excitations of spin ices, that have been recently proposed to carry an electric dipole although experimental evidences remain elusive. Presently, we investigate the electrical signature of a classical spin ice and a related compound that supports quantum fluctuations. Our in-depth study clearly attributes magnetoelectricity to the correlated spin ice phase distinguishing it from extrinsic and single-ion effects. Our calculations show that the proposed model conferring magnetoelectricity to monopoles is not sufficient, calling for higher order contributions.
Selected meiofauna around shallow water hydrothermal vents off Milos (Greece): ecological and ultrastructural aspects

Des emissions de gaz dues a l'activite volcanique, se produisent dans la baie de Paleohoviri, sur la cote sud de Milon en mer Egee (Grece). La meiofaune a ete recoltee en plongee a une profondeur comprise entre 5 et 10 m dans les sediments sableux d'une zone d'emissions hydrothermales en juin 1992. Dans une zone active, la temperature des sediments varie entre 55 et 97°C et la concentration en sulfures est d'environ 1000 μm. En marge de cette zone la temperature decroit (25-30°C) ainsi que les valeurs en sulfures (10-50 μM). A l'exterieur de la zone active, la temperature des sediments non directement influences par les emissions s'etablit a 20.0-20.7°C et les sulfures ne sont plus detectes. Les sediments en relation directe avec les sites d'emissions ne contiennent pas de meiofaune. Celle-ci est presente seulement a une certaine distance des points de rejets dans des conditions moderees de temperature et de taux de sulfures. Trois transects sur 2 sites differents montrent que la meiofaune differe entre les sites et les zones hors sites. La distribution differentielle de la faune rend les generalisations a propos de la meiofaune des events problematiques. Globalement, la communaute meiofaunique est relativement pauvre et se compose principalement de Nematodes et de quelques Copepodes Harpacticoides, Turbellaries et Cilies. Dans les sediments impregnes de sulfures, dominent quelques Nematodes caracteristiques. Le plus frequent est Oncholaimus campylocercoides (Oncholaimidae), avec une abondance pouvant atteindre 300 ind. /100 cm 3 . Cette espece caracteristique a donc ete selectionnee en vue d'etudes detaillees a propos des adaptations des structures a cet environnement hostile. Deux types d'inclusions intracellulaires ont ete trouvees. Leur fonction dans un mecanisme de desintoxication vis-a-vis des sulfures est discutee
Improved upper bounds for wide-sense frameproof codes

Frameproof codes have been extensively studied for many years due to their application in copyright protection and their connection to extremal set theory. In this paper, we investigate upper bounds on the cardinality of wide-sense $t$-frameproof codes. For $t=2$, we apply results from Sperner theory to give a better upper bound, which significantly improves a recent bound by Zhou and Zhou. For $t\geq 3$, we provide a general upper bound by establishing a relation between wide-sense frameproof codes and cover-free families. Finally, when the code length $n$ is at most $\frac{15+\sqrt{33}}{24}(t-1)^2$, we show that a wide-sense $t$-frameproof code has at most $n$ codewords, and the unique optimal code consists of all weight-one codewords. As byproducts, our results improve several best known results on binary $t$-frameproof codes.
Portfolio Time Consistency and Utility Weighted Discount Rates

Merton portfolio management problem is studied in this paper within a stochastic volatility, non constant time discount rate, and power utility framework. This problem is time inconsistent and the way out of this predicament is to consider the subgame perfect strategies. The later are characterized through an extended Hamilton Jacobi Bellman (HJB) equation. A fixed point iteration is employed to solve the extended HJB equation. This is done in a two stage approach: in a first step the utility weighted discount rate is introduced and characterized as the fixed point of a certain operator; in the second step the value function is determined through a linear parabolic partial differential equation. Numerical experiments explore the effect of the time discount rate on the subgame perfect and precommitment strategies.
A Maturity Model for Urban Dataset Meta-data

In the current environment of data generation and publication, there is an ever-growing number of datasets available for download. This growth precipitates an existing challenge: sourcing and integrating relevant datasets for analysis is becoming more complex. Despite efforts by open data platforms, obstacles remain, predominantly rooted in inadequate metadata, unsuitable data presentation, complications in pinpointing desired data, and data integration. This paper delves into the intricacies of dataset retrieval, emphasizing the pivotal role of metadata in aligning datasets with user queries. Through an exploration of existing literature, it underscores prevailing issues such as the identification of valuable metadata and the development of tools to maintain and annotate them effectively. The central contribution of this research is the proposition of a dataset metadata maturity model. Deriving inspiration from software engineering maturity models, this framework delineates a progression from rudimentary metadata documentation to advanced levels, aiding dataset creators in their documentation efforts. The model encompasses seven pivotal dimensions, spanning content to quality information, each stratified across six maturity levels to guide the optimal documentation of datasets, ensuring ease of discovery, relevance assessment, and comprehensive dataset understanding. This paper also incorporates the maturity model into a data cataloguing tool called CKAN through a custom plugin, CKANext-udc. The plugin introduces custom fields based on different maturity levels, allows for user interface customisation, and integrates with a graph database, converting catalogue data into a knowledge graph based on the Maturity Model ontology.
Quark-hadron duality and the determination of $\alpha_s$ from hadronic $\tau$ decay: facts vs. myths

Non-perturbative effects have a small but non-trivial impact on the determination of the strong coupling from hadronic $\tau$ decay data. Several approaches have been proposed to take these into account, the two most important of which are the ``truncated OPE'' approach and ``DV-model'' approach. Recently, Pich and Rodr\'iguez-S\'anchez have raised a number of criticisms of the latter approach, including, most notably, claims of the existence of (i) a supposed instability with respect to variations of the model for incorporating quark-hadron duality violations, and (ii) an alleged redundancy in the fitting strategy employed in the DV-model approach. In this paper, we address these criticisms one by one, showing they fail to survive more detailed scrutiny of the mathematical or numerical arguments that underpin them. We also show that, while the redundancy claim does not apply to the DV-model approach, it does, in fact, apply to the truncated OPE approach. This leads to the conclusion that a revision of the conventional understanding of what is learned from truncated OPE analyses is necessary and that only very limited self-consistency checks are possible within this framework. These observations raise new, non-trivial issues for the truncated OPE approach.