Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lattice gas methods: theory, applications, and hardware

Part 1 Overviews and frontiers: statistical mechanics and hydrodynamics of lattice gas automata - an overview, J.P. Boon a kinetic theorist's look at lattice gas cellular automata, X.P. Kong and E.G.D. Cohen spontaneous curvature in a class of lattice gas field theories, B. Hasslacher. Part 2 Viscosity and hydrodynamic modes: low-viscosity lattice gases, B. Dubrulle, et al counting hydrodynamic modes in a lattice gas automata models, G. Zanetti. Part 3 Multiphase and porous media: analysis of surface tension in two-phase lattice gases, J.A. Somers and P.C. Rem a lattice-gas model for three immiscible fluids, A.K. Gunstensen and D.H. Rothman Galilean-invariant immiscible lattice gas, A.K. Gunstensen and D.H. Rothman fingering instability in a lattice gas, F. Hayot lattice gas automata for flow through porous media, S. Chen, et al a liquid-gas model on a lattice, C. Appert lattice gas automata models for nonideal gas fluids, S. Chen, et al. Part 4 Reactions and diffusion: a lattice gas automata model for heterogeneous chemical reactions at mineral surfaces and in pore networks, J.T. Wells, et al deterministic lattice model for diffusion-controlled crystal growth, F. Liu and N. Goldenfeld reactive lattice gas automata, A. Lawniczak, et al a stochastic cellular automaton simulation of the non-linear diffusion equation, L. Brieger and E. Bonomi multispecies 2D lattice gas with energy levels - diffusive properties, D. Bernardin, et al. Part 5 Basic relations and long-time correlations: tagged particle diffusion in 3D gas celular automata, M.A. van der Hoef and D. Frenkel mode-coupling theory and tails in CA fluids, M.H. Ernst long-time correlations in a 2D lattice gas, A. Noullez and J.P. Boon. Part 6 Lattice Boltzmann: the lattice Baltzmann equation - a new tool for computational fluid dynamics, S. Succi, et al relation between the lattice Boltamann equation and the Navier-Stokes equations, U. Frisch boundaries in lattice gas flows, P. Lavallee, et al A Knudsen layer theory for lattice gases, R. Cornubert, et al. Part 7 Computer hardware: programmable matter - concepts and realization, T. Toffoli and N. Margolus. Part 8 Applications: lattice gas simulations of free-boundary flows, K.A. Cliffe, et al boundary and obstacle processing in a vectorized model of lattice gas hydrodynamics, G. Riccardi, et al. Appendix: bibliography for NATO workshop on lattice gas methods for PDEs - theory, applications and hardware.
Isotropy theorem for arbitrary-spin cosmological fields

We show that the energy-momentum tensor of homogeneous fields of arbitrary spin in an expanding universe is always isotropic in average provided the fields remain bounded and evolve rapidly compared to the rate of expansion. An analytic expression for the average equation of state is obtained for Lagrangians with generic power-law kinetic and potential terms. As an example we consider the behavior of a spin-two field in the standard Fierz-Pauli theory of massive gravity. The results can be extended to general space-time geometries for locally inertial observers.
Domestic Violence: Emotional and Physical Abuse of Wives in India

Using data from the National Family Health Survey for 2015–16 (NFHS-4) for India, this chapter examines the likelihood of wives from different backgrounds and circumstances suffering abuse, emotional or physical, from their husbands. It estimates the relationship for emotional and physical abuse as a system of equations so that the correlation between the two types of abuse can be taken into account. It then computes the probabilities of wives facing spousal abuse under a variety of circumstances depending upon, inter alia , household poverty, the women’s social group, education, the state in which they reside, their husbands’ controlling behaviour and frequency of drinking. These probabilities are then employed to decompose inequality in the likelihood of wives being abused according to a few important factors. This analysis shows that most of the inequality in the likelihood of being emotionally and physically abused could be explained by just three factors: household poverty, husbands’ controlling behaviour, and husbands’ drinking habits.
HINODE/XRT AND STEREO OBSERVATIONS OF A DIFFUSE CORONAL “WAVE”–CORONAL MASS EJECTION–DIMMING EVENT

We report on observations of the first diffuse coronal wave detected by Hinode/XRT. The event occurred near the west solar limb on 2007 May 23, originating from active region (AR) 10956 and was associated with a coronal mass ejection (CME) and coronal dimmings. The bright emission forming the coronal wave expanded predominantly to the east and south of the AR. We use X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and STEREO Behind (B) data combined with a potential magnetic field extrapolation to derive an understanding of the global magnetic field connectivity. We attribute the brightening to the east of the AR to compression and channeling of the plasma along large-scale loops. The brightening to the south of the AR expands across the quiet Sun, making the southern component a likely candidate for identification as a diffuse coronal wave. We analyze the bright front in STEREO/EUVI (B) 171, 195, and 284 Å images, as well as in XRT data, finding the strongest components to be largely cospatial in all bandpasses. We also exploit the near-limb location of this event by combining STEREO/COR1 and Extreme Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (EUVI) data. Using all the data, we derive a full picture of the low-coronal development of the eruption. The COR1 data show that the southernmost outer edge of the CME is progressively displaced southward during the expansion. EUVI data below the COR1 occulting disk show that the CME is significantly distorted in the low corona as a result of the associated filament eruption. The core coronal dimmings map to the core of the CME; the secondary coronal dimmings map to the CME cavity; and the diffuse coronal wave maps to the outermost edge of the expanding CME shell. The analysis of this near-limb event has important implications for understanding earlier eruptions originating from the same AR on 2007 May 16, 19, and 20.
Cancer-Type Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B3 Is Localized in Lysosomes and Mediates Resistance against Kinase Inhibitors

Cancer-type organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (Ct-OATP1B3), a splice variant of the hepatic uptake transporter OATP1B3 (liver-type), is expressed in several tumor entities, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and breast cancer. In CRC, high OATP1B3 expression has been associated with reduced progression-free and overall survival. Several kinase inhibitors used for antitumor treatment are substrates and/or inhibitors of OATP1B3 (e.g., encorafenib, vemurafenib). The functional importance of Ct-OATP1B3 has not been elucidated so far. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably overexpressing Ct-OATP1B3 protein were established and compared with control cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy, immunoblot, and proteomics-based expression analysis demonstrated that Ct-OATP1B3 protein is intracellularly localized in lysosomes of stably transfected cells. Cytotoxicity experiments showed that cells recombinantly expressing the Ct-OATP1B3 protein were more resistant against the kinase inhibitor encorafenib compared with control cells [e.g., encorafenib (100 µM) survival rates: 89.5% versus 52.8%]. In line with these findings, colorectal cancer DLD1 cells endogenously expressing Ct-OATP1B3 protein had poorer survival rates when the OATP1B3 substrate bromosulfophthalein (BSP) was coincubated with encorafenib or vemurafenib compared with the incubation with the kinase inhibitor alone. This indicates a competitive inhibition of Ct-OATP1B3–mediated uptake into lysosomes by BSP. Accordingly, mass spectrometry-based drug analysis of lysosomes showed a reduced lysosomal accumulation of encorafenib in DLD1 cells additionally exposed to BSP. These results demonstrate that Ct-OATP1B3 protein is localized in the lysosomal membrane and can mediate transport of certain kinase inhibitors into lysosomes, revealing a new mechanism of resistance. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study describes the characterization of a tumor-associated splice variant (cancer-type organic anion transporting polypeptide; Ct-OATP1B3) of the liver-type OATP1B3 protein (Lt-OATP1B3). This variant is localized in lysosomes mediating resistance against kinase inhibitors that are substrates of this transport protein by transporting them into lysosomes and thereby reducing the cytoplasmic concentrations of these drugs. Therefore, the expression of the cancer-type OATP1B3 protein is associated with a better survival of cells, revealing a new mechanism of drug resistance.
A Systematic Review of the Effect of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring on Patient Health Outcomes during Treatment with Carbapenems

Adjusting dosing regimens based on measurements of carbapenem levels may improve carbapenem exposure in patients. This systematic review aims to describe the effect carbapenem therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has on health outcomes, including the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Four databases were searched for studies that reported health outcomes following adjustment to dosing regimens, according to measurements of carbapenem concentration. Bias in the studies was assessed with risk of bias analysis tools. Study characteristics and outcomes were tabulated and a narrative synthesis was performed. In total, 2 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), 17 non-randomised studies, and 19 clinical case studies were included. Significant variation in TDM practice was seen; consequently, a meta-analysis was unsuitable. Few studies assessed impacts on AMR. No significant improvement on health outcomes and no detrimental effects of carbapenem TDM were observed. Five cohort studies showed significant associations between achieving target concentrations and clinical success, including suppression of resistance. Studies in this review showed no obvious improvement in clinical outcomes when TDM is implemented. Optimisation and standardisation of carbapenem TDM practice are needed to improve intervention success and enable study synthesis. Further suitably powered studies of standardised TDM are required to assess the impact of TMD on clinical outcomes and AMR.
International Journal of Instruction

In recent years, many studies have focused on teachers’ conceptions and their effects on instruction and learning. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the level of teacher’s conceptions of assessment and comparison between gender and academic qualifications. It utilises a causal-comparative research design to investigate conceptions of assessment among 352 Iranian lower secondary level mathematics teachers using COA-III questionnaire. Results of the study find that math teachers exhibit moderate-level conceptions. Significant differences exist across the academic qualifications on Improvement and Irrelevance based on academic qualifications. Teachers with PhD qualifications have more in Improvement and Irrelevance than those with bachelor and master’s degree holders. Only school accountability has significant difference between male and female teachers; male teachers exhibit more in school accountability than female teachers. Policy makers, teachers, researchers and school administrators should consider these findings in their practices to introduce and enhance alternative methods of assessment.
Revisiting Discount Rates: New Evidence from Surveys

This paper studies retail investors’ risk-return trade-off. Existing evidence from surveys suggests that households expect lower returns, i.e., lower risk compensation, in bad times. Using a direct measure of retail investors’ subjective discount rates, we find that required compensation for risk nevertheless rises with perceptions of stock market risk. This finding resonates well with long-established principles in asset pricing. We also show that discount rates and perceived risk are more tightly connected for financially literate retail investors and during times of financial and economic distress. Our results have important implications for modelling households’ risk-return trade-off and the design of future surveys eliciting return expectations. Fattinger, Borys Koval, Alessandro Melone, Marco Pagano, Voigt, Christian Wagner, R¨udiger Patrick Weiss Russell Wermers valuable comments and feedback. Maximilian Schleritzko financial support FWF Science Fund) grant DOC 23-G16.
Primary Angiitis of the CNS

Background and Objectives To facilitate and improve the diagnostic and therapeutic process by systematically reviewing studies on patients with primary angiitis of the CNS (PACNS). Methods We searched PubMed, looking at the period between 1988 and February 2020. Studies with adult patients with PACNS were included. We extracted and pooled proportions using fixed-effects models. Main outcomes were proportions of patients with certain clinical, imaging, and laboratory characteristics and neurologic outcomes. Results We identified 46 cohort studies including a total of 911 patients (41% biopsy confirmed, 43% angiogram confirmed, and 16% without clear assignment to the diagnostic procedure). The most frequent onset symptoms were focal neurologic signs (63%), headache (51%), and cognitive impairment (41%). Biopsy- compared with angiogram-confirmed cases had higher occurrences of cognitive impairment (55% vs 39%) and seizures (36% vs 16%), whereas focal neurologic signs occurred less often (56% vs 95%). CSF abnormalities were present in 75% vs 65% and MRI abnormalities in 97% vs 98% of patients. Digital subtraction angiography was positive in 33% of biopsy confirmed, and biopsy was positive in 8% of angiogram-confirmed cases. In 2 large cohorts, mortality was 23% and 8%, and the relapse rate was 30% and 34%, during a median follow-up of 19 and 57 months, respectively. There are no randomized trials on the treatment of PACNS. The initial treatment usually includes glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide. Discussion PACNS is associated with disabling symptoms, frequent relapses, and significant mortality. Differences in symptoms and neuroimaging results and low overlap between biopsy and angiogram suggest that biopsy- and angiogram-confirmed cases represent different histopathologic types of PACNS. The optimal treatment is unknown.
Open Research Online Mediator-free interaction of glucose oxidase, as model enzyme for immobilization, with Al-doped and undoped ZnO thin ﬁlms laser-deposited on polycarbonate supports

Mediator-free interaction of glucose oxidase, as model enzyme for immobilization, with Al-doped and ﬁlms laser-deposited on Abstract: Al doped and undoped ZnO thin films were deposited by pulsed-laser deposition on polycarbonate sheets. The films were characterized by optical transmission, Hall effect measurement, XRD and SEM. Optical transmission and surface reflectometry studies showed good transparency with thicknesses ~100 nm and surface roughness of 10 nm. Hall effect measurements showed that the sheet carrier concentration was -1.44 x 10 15 cm -2 for AZO and -6 x 10 14 cm -2 for ZnO. The films were then modified by drop-casting glucose oxidase (GOx) without the use of any mediators. Higher protein concentration was observed on ZnO as compared to AZO with higher specific activity for ZnO (0.042 U mg -1 ) compared to AZO (0.032 U mg -1 ), and was in agreement with cyclic voltemmetry (CV). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggested that the protein was bound by dipole interactions between AZO lattice oxygen and the amino group of the enzyme. Chronoamperometry showed sensitivity of 5.5 µ A mM -1 cm 2 towards glucose for GOx/AZO and 2.2 µ A mM -1 cm -2 for GOx/ZnO. The limit of detection (LoD) was 167 µ M of glucose for GOx/AZO, as compared to 360 µ M for GOx/ZnO. The linearity was 0.28-28 mM for GOx/AZO whereas it was 0.6-28 mM for GOx/ZnO with a response time of 10s. Possibly due to higher enzyme loading, the decrease of impedance in presence of glucose was larger for GOx/ZnO as compared to GOx/AZO in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Analyses with clinical blood serum samples showed that the systems had good reproducibility and accuracy. The characteristics of novel ZnO and AZO thin films with GOx as a model enzyme, should prove useful for the future fabrication of inexpensive, highly sensitive, disposable electrochemical biosensors for high throughput diagnostics.
ARCNN: A Semantic Enhanced Relation Detection Model for Knowledge Base Question Answering

Relation detection plays an important role in 001 knowledge base question answering (KBQA), 002 and it is critical for the final performance of 003 KBQA systems. The previous works mainly 004 focused on enriching the information repre-005 sentations of questions and relations, and ne-006 glected the interaction information of questions 007 and relations and different tokens within the 008 relation. In this paper, we propose a seman-009 tic enhanced relation detection model called 010 ARCNN, which is carefully designed by com-011 bining BiGRU, multi-scale semantic extracted 012 CNN, and different attention mechanisms in 013 a seamless way. Moreover, we combine four 014 levels of relation abstractions to ensure the in-015 tegrity of relation information and hence to en-016 rich the relation representation. The experi-017 mental results on two benchmarks show that 018 our ARCNN model achieves new state-of-the-019 art accuracies of 96.42% for SimpleQuestions 020 and 90.4% for WebQuestions. Moreover, it 021 helps our KBQA system to yield the accuracy 022 of 81.5% and the F 1 score of 72.0% on two 023 benchmarks, respectively. 024
Does the Stock Market Allocate Capital Efficiently? Evidence from Aggregate Earnings

: We find that cross-sectional capital allocation by the U.S. stock market significantly reduces subsequent aggregate earnings over the past 47 years. This negative impact deteriorates consistently over time and persists for at least 10 years following the capital allocation. This effect is explained, at least partially, by equity capital chasing firms with high top-line growth and equity valuation but low future profitability; further, it is more pronounced during years with a shorter investor horizon and lower price informativeness. Our findings suggest that informationally inefficient stock prices might contribute to inefficient capital allocation in the real economy.
WH dependencies in Hindi and the theory of grammar

A support pallet carrying at opposite ends thereof, jointly extensible tow-handle and pair of rollers, which pallet can form original-construction false bottom of luggage container such as suit case, or as free form can be extended to form hand cart for manually moving one or several containers. Operating mechanism comprises parallel pair of oppositely (90 DEG ) twisted, flat-faced rigid ribbons each simultaneously rotatable on its longitudinal axis and lengthwise forming a helical slide track. Each track is transversely engaged jointly by a bifurcate-ended, slide yoke forming a distal cross arm of a lengthwise displaceable tow handle. Distal end of each track-ribbon is attached to a ground-support roller, which rollers are jointly movable by transverse pivoting between housed and functional positions effected by longitudinal movement of cross-arm-yoke and tow handle. Independently carryable container or alternately flat-collapsed pallet unit, upon conversion to pull cart form, can carry multiple containers or objects stacked or bound to upper transverse face. Retraction of rollers and pull handle makes unit storable like ordinary rectangular box.
Towards Policy-Guided Conversational Recommendation with Dialogue Acts

Conversation Recommender System (CRS) 001 aims to recommend items through nature con-002 versation. Existing works in open-ended CRS 003 mainly focus on recommendation and genera-004 tion, but lacks of control over dialogue policy. 005 In addition, the system is unable to adapt user 006 profile to the user’s feedback. Thus, we present 007 a new dataset named DA-ReDial 1 (Recommen-008 dation through Dialogue guided by Dialogue 009 Act). We summarize 10 representative Dialog 010 Acts and label dialogue with the DAs schema. 011 To solve the problems above, we also propose 012 a novel CRS called PGCR , which stands for 013 Policy-Guided Conversational Recommenda-014 tion. It is able to formulate a DA-aware user 015 profile, leverage Dialogue Acts to explicitly 016 model the discourse structure of conversation 017 and better guide the response generation. Ex-018 tensive experiments on the new dataset show 019 that our proposed model outperforms most 020 baselines in dialog generation and recommen-021 dation. Also, the Policy Network fine-tuned by 022 self-play can better control the dialogue policy 023 and contribute a lot to recommendation strategy 024 and user engagement in conversation. 025
Digital Business Strategy for MSMEs in the Midst of the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused shifts and changes in consumer buying patterns. This is because the public has reduced outdoor interactions to reduce the spread of the pandemic and divert digital purchases. Therefore, MSMEs must adapt and condition the sale of their products and services in order to survive in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic situation by using a digital business strategy. The purpose of this article is to describe the digital business strategies that can be carried out by MSMEs actors so that they can continue to survive and also become more responsive to changes in the business climate towards digitization during the current Covid-19 pandemic. The digital business strategies that can be carried out by MSMEs in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic are: (1) MSMEs must be able to connect with the digital business ecosystem, (2) Utilization of digital marketing in running a business and expanding market share in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, (3 ) Improving the quality of MSMEs products and services to build trust from consumers for business continuity in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, (4) Building synergy with netizens who can make the products and services offered by MSMEs widely known by netizens and will make it easier for MSMEs to offer products quickly on social media. Finally, the digital business strategy for MSMEs in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic is in line with government policies through the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs which always emphasizes the MSMEs digitalization development strategy.