Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental Constraints on the Fate of Subducted Sedimentary Nitrogen in the Reduced Mantle

Nitrogen is considered to be transported from Earth′s surface to the top of the lower mantle through subduction. However, little is known on the transportation and fate of subducted nitrogen to the Earth′s interior during slab‐mantle interactions. In this study, the stability of subducted sedimentary nitrogen in the reduced mantle was investigated to 35 GPa and 1600 K by laser‐heated diamond anvil cell experiments and first‐principles calculations. Our results showed that subducted nitrogen‐bearing silicates and fluids could not coexist with the metallic iron or iron‐rich alloys, and reacted with them to form different products at high pressure‐temperature conditions. Combining our results with previous data, we re‐determined the relative stability of iron‐light element binary compounds to 35 GPa and 1600 K to be Fe‐O > Fe‐N > Fe‐S > Fe‐C. This stability sequence contributes to explaining the observation that iron nitrides are trapped as inclusions in sulfur‐depleted lower‐mantle diamonds and are absent in sulfur‐rich ones. The recycling efficiency of subducted sedimentary nitrogen is strongly related to the availability of the metallic iron of the reduced mantle. Hydration of the metallic iron limits the storage of nitrogen in it and contributes to recycling nitrogen to Earth′s surface. Therefore, unlike subducted continental sediments, subducted marine sediments are unlikely to transport a large amount of surficial nitrogen to the metallic iron of the reduced mantle in which nitrogen could reside over long geologic periods.
Energy decay for a locally undamped wave equation

We study the decay rate for the energy of solutions of a damped wave equation in a situation where the Geometric Control Condition is violated. We assume that the set of undamped trajectories is a flat torus of positive codimension and that the metric is locally flat around this set. We further assume that the damping function enjoys locally a prescribed homogeneity near the undamped set in traversal directions. We prove a sharp decay estimate at a polynomial rate that depends on the homogeneity of the damping function. Our method relies on a refined microlocal analysis linked to a second microlocalization procedure to cut the phase space into tiny regions respecting the uncertainty principle but way too small to enter a standard semi-classical analysis localization. Using a multiplier method, we obtain the energy estimates in each region and we then patch the microlocal estimates together.
Uropathogenic Bacterial Resistance isolated from Oncology Center in Mansoura University

Infections of Urinary tract are one of the significant to recommending antibiotic utilization. To involve the most perfect antibiotic for treatment patients, solid and ongoing information about the study of disease transmission and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria should be accessible for clinicians. So, the normal checking in every nation is required. The points of our review to explore the uropathogenic bacterial variety and antibiotics resistance rates of pathogenic bacteria at the Mansoura Oncology Center (Egypt, Mansoura city) from first October, 2019 to 30th September, 2020 and furthermore to add to checking and topographical variation of treatment by antibiotic. 150 urine samples by aretrospective analysis at Mansoura Oncology Center was processed according to the perfect protocol of urine analysis. Current results were prepared to obtain the prevalence of Urinary tract infections, antibiotics bacterial resistance, time over evolution, and multidrug resistance rate. Bacteria collected from 100 samples were the Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were to be the most identified with 42.0%, and 35.0% respectively. Other main detected species were Enterococci (9%), Pseudomonas (5%), Proteus mirabilis (4%), Citrobacter (2%), Breundimona (1%), Raoultella (1%), and Kluyvera cryocre-scens (1%). Resistance tests to antibiotics indicated K. pneumoniae was more resistance to Cefotriaxon 39.3%, while E. coli was resistant to Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin by 41.8%. The variety of some uropathogenic bacteria acquired had all the reserves of being resistant to various antibiotics. Ready faciing by arestorative impasse and the coming of bacteria with multi-resistant, recognizing explicit causes also is significant to adjust antibiotic treatment.
Numerical solution of an ill-posed Cauchy problem for a quasilinear parabolic equation using a Carleman weight function

Abstract We solve numerically the side Cauchy problem for a 1-D parabolic equation. The initial condition is unknown. This is an ill-posed problem. The main difference with previous results is that our equation is quasilinear, whereas known publications on this topic work only with linear PDEs. The key idea is to minimize a weighted Tikhonov functional with the Carleman Weight Function (CWF) in it. Roughly, given a reasonable bounded set of any size in a reasonable Hilbert space, one can choose the parameter of the CWF in such a way that this functional becomes strictly convex on that set.
Radiative transfer in spherically symmetric systems. IV. Solution of the line transfer problem with radial velocity fields

A numerical procedure is presented for solving the line transfer problem with complete redistribution in spherically symmetric atmospheres in which the radial velocity is an arbitrary function of radius, limited by practical considerations to maximum velocities a few times the mean thermal velocity. In this procedure the transfer equation, written in the observer's frame, is differenced along rays and the resulting very large set of coupled linear equations is cast into the novel form, proposed by Rybicki, that allows for extremely rapid solution of the system. Numerical results are discussed for three sequences of models, two with linear velocity laws and one with constant velocities, in which the effect of the transverse velocity gradient is demonstrated. It is shown that velocities as small as 0.05 of the mean thermal velocity produce observable asymmetries in the flux profile. (auth)
Extensive study of temperature dissipation measurements on the centerline of a turbulent round jet based on the h 2 = 2 budget

The temperature dissipation rate inferred from the balance of h 2 = 2 budget is used for the purpose of studying different methods employed to directly measure dissipation. The terms involved in the budget equation of temperature variance are measured with laser Doppler ve-locimetry and cold-wire thermometry used simultaneously. This study focuses on the centerline of a turbulent round jet, in the far ﬁeld, at high Reynolds number ( x / D = 30, Re D = 1.5 9 10 5 and Re k = 548). Particular attention is devoted to statistical convergence of second- and third-order moments of velocity and temperature ﬂuctuations. Temperature dissipation obtained by Taylor’s hypothesis and radial temperature derivative spectra conﬁrm local isotropy. A high level of low wave number content is reported for the longitudinal derivative spectra, probably due to transverse mode spectral aliasing and noise con-tamination for small wire separation. A parallel is drawn between ﬁnite difference formulations and the behavior of the autocorrelation coefﬁcient for small wire separations. The temperature dissipation estimates found are close to the budget reference value, but spectral analysis cast doubts on the validity of the streamwise derivative obtained with a pair of probes.
Spline Function Approximations for Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations

A procedure for obtaining spline function approximations for solutions of the initial value problem in ordinary differential equations is presented. The proposed method with quadratic and cubic splines is shown to be related to the well-known trapezoidal rule and Milne-Simpson method, respectively. The method is shown to be divergent, however, when higher degree spline functions are used.
Some algebraic properties of bipartite Kneser graphs

Let $n$ and $k$ be integers with $n> k\geq1$ and $[n] = \{1, 2, . , n\} $. The $bipartite \ Kneser \ graph$ $H(n, k)$ is the graph with the all $k$-element and all ($n-k$)-element subsets of $[n] $ as vertices, and there is an edge between any two vertices, when one is a subset of the other. In this paper, we show that $H(n, k)$ is an arc-transitive graph. Also, we show that $H(n,1)$ is a distance-transitive Cayley graph. Finally, we determine the automorphism group of the graph $H(n, 1)$ and show that $Aut(H(n, 1)) \cong Sym([n] )$ $\times \mathbb{Z}_2$, where $\mathbb{Z}_2$ is the cyclic group of order $2$. Moreover, we pose some open problems about the automorphism group of the bipartite Kneser graph $H(n, k)$.
Quality of Learning Experience, Academic Burnout among Nursing Students in Zagazig University

Background: Quality of learning experience has been often seen as a vital element that influences the level of academic burnout among nursing students within the university to achieve the organizational objectives . Aim of the study: Assess the relation between quality of learning experience, academic burnout among nursing students at Technical Institute of Nursing Aldidamon,faquos. Subjects and Method: Research design: A Descriptive design was conducted to achieve the aim of study. Setting: This study was conducted at Technical Institute of Nursing Aldidamon, faquos , Elsharqia government. Subjects : All available nursing students were used in this study. Tools of data collection: two tools were used: College Student Experiences Questionnaire with personal and academic characteristics, Academic burnout scale. Results: indicated that 93% of nursing students had a negative perception of quality of learning experience. As well, the majority of nursing students had low level of academic burnout (92%). Conclusion: there was significant and inverse relation between Total qualities of learning experience score, Total academic burnout score. Recommendations: The University should prepare sufficient equipment and resources such equipped and updated environment such as libraries and computers sites. The staff educators should determine regular schedule, setting goal and assigning ordered tasks for students can be decrease academic burnout. Nursing students should improve their knowledge and skills like computers skill, communication skills.
A summary on symmetries and conserved quantities of autonomous Hamiltonian systems

A complete geometric classification of symmetries of autonomous Hamiltonian mechanical systems is established; explaining how to obtain their associated conserved quantities in all cases. In particular, first we review well-known results and properties about the symmetries of the Hamiltonian and of the symplectic form and then some new kinds of non-symplectic symmetries and their conserved quantities are introduced and studied.
Roseicella aerolata sp. nov., isolated from bioaerosols of electronic waste.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, spherical-shaped and facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated as GB24T was isolated from bioaerosols of an E-waste dismantling site in Guiyu, Guangdong Province, South PR China. Growth occurred at 15-40 °C (optimum 37 °C), pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum 7.0), and up to 0.5 % NaCl (w/v) under aerobic conditions, GB24T was characterized taxonomically and phylogenetically. The sole isoprenoid quinone detected was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, three unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified phospholipid, and one unidentified aminolipid. Carotenoid pigments were produced. The major cellular fatty acids (> 10 % of total fatty acids) were C17 : 1ω6c (51.5 %) and summed feature 8 (13.5 %, comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and draft genome grouped strain GB24T into the genus Roseicella. GB24T was most closely related to Roseicella frigidaeris DB1506T with 97.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The draft genome of GB24T comprised 6 153 170 bp with a DNA G+C content of 71.5 %. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) values between GB24T and DB1506T were 83.2 % (Ortho ANI), 83.3 % [ANI by blast (ANIb)] and 27.0 %, respectively. Further genomic analysis of GB24T revealed the secondary metabolite clusters of terpene and phosphonate, which indicate the capacity for malleobactin (14 %) and phosphinothricin (6 %) tripeptide production. On the basis of the genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic results, GB24T represents a novel species, for which the name Roseicella aerolata sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Roseicella aerolata is GB24T (= GDMCC 1.2169T = JCM 34449T).
Mathematical Proofs 101: How Proofs Should Be Read, Written, and Taught

A significant amount of research has considered mathematical proofs, the students who learn them, and the instructors that teach them, from a variety of perspectives. This paper considers this topic from four main perspectives: students' perceptions of mathematical proofs, instructors' presentations of mathematical proofs, using peer review to develop students' abilities to read proofs more critically and write proofs more convincingly, and providing students with the skills required to independently read and write proofs.
Assessment of pollution variability across the central part of the Büyük Menderes River (Turkey) using water physicochemical parameters and biomarker responses in the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae)

ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine the pollution level in the central part of the Büyük Menderes River (in both the main tributary and Çürüksu stream) in Denizli (Turkey) using water physicochemical parameters and biomarker responses in Chironomus riparius (Diptera: Chironomidae). In physicochemical parameter evaluations, Sığma, Korucuk, and Güzelköy stations were determined to have higher mean temperature, pH, salinity, conductivity, and total dissolved solids (TDS) values and lower dissolved oxygen (dO2) and saturated oxygen (sO2) values than Bekilli, Mahmutlu, and Sarayköy stations. In biomarker response evaluations, C. riparius larvae from Sarayköy, Sığma, Korucuk, and Güzelköy stations were found to exhibit inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities (55%−68%) and elevated 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activities (191%−281%), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities (138%−187%), and metallothionein (MT) contents (155%−231%) when compared with the control values. This study proves that different stations are exposed to different pollution sources, the pollution level of a station varies depending on the season, and the stations on Çürüksu stream, among which Güzelköy appears to be the most contaminated, are exposed to more pollutants than those on the main tributary of the river.
A Universal Separable Diversity

Abstract The Urysohn space is a separable complete metric space with two fundamental properties: (a) universality: every separable metric space can be isometrically embedded in it; (b) ultrahomogeneity: every finite isometry between two finite subspaces can be extended to an auto-isometry of the whole space. The Urysohn space is uniquely determined up to isometry within separable metric spaces by these two properties. We introduce an analogue of the Urysohn space for diversities, a recently developed variant of the concept of a metric space. In a diversity any finite set of points is assigned a non-negative value, extending the notion of a metric which only applies to unordered pairs of points.We construct the unique separable complete diversity that it is ultrahomogeneous and universal with respect to separable diversities.
Equality of kolmogorov-sinai and permutation entropy for one-dimensional maps consisting of countably many monotone parts

In this paper, we show that, under some technical assumptions, the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy and the permutation entropy are equal for one-dimensional maps if there exists a countable partition of the domain of definition into intervals such that the considered map is monotone on each of those intervals. This is a generalization of a result by Bandt, Pompe and G. Keller, who showed that the above holds true under the additional assumptions that the number of intervals on which the map is monotone is finite and that the map is continuous on each of those intervals.
African swine fever detection and transmission estimates using homogeneous versus heterogeneous model formulation in stochastic simulations within pig premises

Background: African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important foreign animal diseases to the U.S. swine industry. Stakeholders in the swine production sector are on high alert as they witness the devastation of ongoing outbreaks in some of its most important trade partner countries. Efforts to improve preparedness for ASF outbreak management are proceeding in earnest and mathematical modeling is an integral part of these efforts. Aim: This study aimed to assess the impact on within-herd transmission dynamics of ASF when the models used to simulate transmission assume there is homogeneous mixing of animals within a barn. Methods: Barn-level heterogeneity was explicitly captured using a stochastic, individual pig-based, heterogeneous transmission model that considers three types of infection transmission, (1) within-pen via nose-to-nose contact; (2) between-pen via nose-to-nose contact with pigs in adjacent pens; and (3) both between- and within-pen via distance-independent mechanisms (e.g., via fomites). Predictions were compared between the heterogeneous and the homogeneous Gillespie models. Results: Results showed that the predicted mean number of infectious pigs at specific time points differed greatly between the homogeneous and heterogeneous models for scenarios with low levels of between-pen contacts via distance-independent pathways and the differences between the two model predictions were more pronounced for the slow contact rate scenario. The heterogeneous transmission model results also showed that it may take significantly longer to detect ASF, particularly in large barns when transmission predominantly occurs via nose-to-nose contact between pigs in adjacent pens. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need for completing preliminary explorations when working with homogeneous mixing models to ascertain their suitability to predict disease outcomes.
Bogomolov–Gieseker‐type inequality and counting invariants

We study a conjectural relationship among Donaldson–Thomas‐type invariants on Calabi–Yau 3‐folds counting torsion sheaves supported on ample divisors, ideal sheaves of curves and Pandharipande–Thomas's stable pairs. The conjecture is a mathematical formulation of Denef–Moore's formula derived in the study of Ooguri–Strominger–Vafa's conjecture relating black hole entropy and topological strings. The main result of this paper is to prove our conjecture assuming a conjectural Bogomolov–Gieseker‐type inequality proposed by Bayer, Macri and the author.
Rigged configuration descriptions of the crystals B(∞) and B(λ) for special linear Lie algebras

The rigged configuration realization RC(∞) of the crystal B(∞) was originally presented as a certain connected component within a larger crystal. In this work, we make the realization more concrete by identifying the elements of RC(∞) explicitly for the An-type case. Two separate descriptions of RC(∞) are obtained. These lead naturally to isomorphisms RC(∞)≅T(∞) and RC(∞)≅T¯(∞), i.e., those with the marginally large tableau and marginally large reverse tableau realizations of B(∞), that may be computed explicitly. We also present two descriptions of the irreducible highest weight crystal B(λ) in terms of rigged configurations. These are obtained by combining our two descriptions of RC(∞), the two mentioned isomorphisms, and two existing realizations of B(λ) that were based on T(∞) and T¯(∞).
Income diversification and bank risk-taking: The moderating role of intellectual capital

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate whether intellectual capital (IC) moderates the relationship between income diversification and bank risk-taking. Quantitative data were collected from 50 East African banking firms between 2010 and 2021, yielding 600 bank-year observations. Bank risk-taking is measured using Z-SCORE and non-performing loans (NPLs). The value added intellectual capital (VAIC) and its coefficients: human capital efficiency (HCE), structural capital efficiency (SCE), and capital employed efficiency are used as proxy measures of IC. The system-generalized moment (GMM) was employed as the estimation model. According to the findings, banks with a higher non-interest income share take on excessive risk. Similarly, the findings show that VAIC, HCE, and CEE have a positive and statistically significant relationship with risk-taking. SCE, on the other hand, significantly reduces risk-taking. The findings also show that VAIC and its coefficients (HCE, SCE, and CEE) moderate the relationship between income diversification and risk-taking. These findings have implications for management and policy-makers. First, bank managers can use these findings to make strategic decisions about diversifying their income streams, mitigating associated risks, and determining how to best leverage IC to maximize profits. Second, regulators should increase oversight of non-lending activities by banks and, if necessary, impose regulatory ceilings. Furthermore, mandatory IC disclosure is required to uncover hidden bank value, which may inform risk management decisions among stakeholders. This is one of the first studies to provide empirical evidence of the relationship between income diversification and risk-taking in the East African region. Previous research on the relationship between income diversification and risk-taking has been contradictory; this paper adds to the body of knowledge by investigating whether IC moderates the relationship between income diversification and bank risk-taking.
EFFECT OF BIO-FERTILIZER AND SOME MICROELEMENTS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF PLANTAGO PSYLLIUM L. PLANTS

his experiment was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 at El-Kasasin Research Station. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of bio-fertilizer and some microelements on the growth, yield, and active ingredients of Plantago psyllium plants. This experiment included five treatments, as following: Control, bio-fertilizer + (Zn and Mn), bio-fertilizer + (Fe and Mn), bi-ofertilizer + (Fe and Zn) and bio-fertilizer + (Fe, Mn, and Zn). The treatments were arranged in a complete randomized block design with three replicates. The best treatment was bio-fertilizer + (Fe, Mn, and Zn), which recorded the highest values in vegetative growth including plant height (40.41 and 41.68 cm) and number of branches/plant (22.67 and 24.33), in the first and second seasons, respectively. Also, there was a significant increase in seed yield; seed weight per plant was 8.23 g and 8.57 g, and the seed weight per feddan was 276.64 kg and 287.84 kg, in the first and second seasons, respectively, when using the same treatment. Furthermore, the results showed that an increase in oil yield; fixed oil percentage of 15.64% and 15.95%, oil yield per plant of 1.29 ml and 1.37 ml, and oil yield per feddan of 43.27l and 45.91l when treated with bio-fertilizer + (Fe, Mn, and Zn) and gave a significant increase in the active ingredients (mucilage of 30.20% and 30.26%, protein of 22.33% and 22.83%, seed husk/plant of 27.60 g and 27.72 g and carbohydrates of 49.87% and 51.23% when using the same treatment, in the first and second seasons, respectively.