Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bunch Shading During Different Developmental Stages Affects the Phenolic Biosynthesis in Berry Skins of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ Grapes

The effect of bunch shading during early development (before the onset of ripening) and/or during ripening on the phenolic composition of grape skins (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) as well as on the mRNA levels of the biosynthetic genes on the flavonoid pathway was examined. Shading during early development resulted in decreased proanthocyanidin (PA) concentrations. The PA concentrations decreased during ripening, and the decrease of the concentrations was lower in berries shaded during early development than that in the exposed berries. Thus, no significant effect of shading during early development was observed at harvest. Shading during ripening did not influence this decline in the PAs. On the other hand, shading during early development induced changes in the composition such as a decrease of the trihydroxylated subunits within PAs, which agreed with the relative decrease of VvF3#5#H expression. The anthocyanin concentrations were remarkably reduced when the bunches were shaded during ripening, which was in accordance with the decreased transcription of several anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and transcriptional factors. Shading during early development did not influence the anthocyanin concentrations at harvest; however, it decreased the proportion of trihydroxylated anthocyanins. Thus, shading during early development also had an influence on the compounds biosynthesized during ripening.
VARIATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS COMPOSITION OF PITURANTHOS SCOPARIUS IN ALGERIA

By means of gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy, was realized the analysis and identification of essential oils of four populations of Pituranthos scoparius, obtained by hydrodistillation. An average yield of 0.93% was obtained. From the leaf, essential oil of P. scoparius, 63 compounds were separated; 51 compounds in the oil of Boussâada population, representing 99.6% of the total essential oil mass, 40 compounds in Elkantra population, representing 75.9% of the oil, 47 compounds in the oil of T’kout population, representing 98.5% of the total essential oil and 28 compounds were identified in Mechouneche population, representing 85.1% of the total essential oil. The major compound was sabinene (14.8–24.8%), other components present in appreciable contents were: α-pinene (8.3–23.3%), α-terpinene (3.7–7.7%) and β-pinene (2.8–5.1%). The comparison of our results with those of literatures allowed us to detect the presence of three chemotypes in this species. The limonene chemotype is located in the south (region of Ghardaia), the dill apiole chemotype is located in the North (Djelfa and Laghouat regions) and the sabinene chemotype is localized in the North East (region of Biskra and Batna).
Use of Fatty Acid RPMI 1640 Media for Testing Susceptibilities of Eight Malassezia Species to the New Triazole Posaconazole and to Six Established Antifungal Agents by a Modified NCCLS M27-A2 Microdilution Method and Etest

ABSTRACT A novel formulation of RPMI 1640 medium for susceptibility testing of Malassezia yeasts by broth microdilution (BMD) and Etest is proposed. A modification of the NCCLS M27-A2 BMD method was used to test 53 isolates of Malassezia furfur (12 isolates), M. sympodialis (8 isolates), M. slooffiae (4 isolates), M. globosa (22 isolates), M. obtusa (2 isolates), M. restricta (2 isolates), M. pachydermatis (1 isolates), and M. dermatis (2 isolates) against amphotericin B, ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, terbinafine, and posaconazole by BMD and Etest. RPMI and antibiotic medium 3 (AM3) were supplemented with glucose, bile salts, a mixture of fatty acids, and n-octadecanoate fatty acids and Tween 20. M. furfur ATCC 14521 and M. globosa ATCC 96807 were used as quality control strains. Depending on the species, MICs were read after 48 or 72 h of incubation at 32°C. Low azole and terbinafine MICs were recorded for all Malassezia species, whereas amphotericin B displayed higher MICs (≥16 μg/ml) against M. furfur, M. restricta, M. globosa, and M. slooffiae strains, which were AM3 confirmed. Agreement of the two methods was 84 to 97%, and intraclass correlation coefficients were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Because of higher amphotericin B MICs provided by Etest for strains also displaying high BMD MICs (≥1 μg/ml), agreement was poorer. The proposed media are used for the first time and can support optimum growth of eight Malassezia species for recording concordant BMD and Etest MICs.
Simulating intersection angles between conjugate faults in sea ice with different VP rheologies

Recent high resolution pan-Arctic sea ice simulations show fracture patterns (Linear Kinematic Features or LKFs) that are typical of granular materials, but with wider fracture angles than those observed in high-resolution satellite images. Motivated by this, ice fracture is investigated in a simple uni-axial loading test using two different Viscous-Plastic (VP) rheologies: one with an elliptical yield curve and a normal flow rule, and one with a Coulombic yield curve and a normal flow rule that applies only to the elliptical cap. With the standard VP rheology, it is not possible to simulate fracture angles smaller than 5 30◦. Further, the standard VP-model is not consistent with the behaviour of granular material such as sea ice, because: (1) the fracture angle increases with ice shear strength; (2) the divergence along the fracture lines (or LKFs) is uniquely defined by the shear strength of the material with divergence for high shear strength and convergent with low shear strength; (3) the angle of fracture depends on the confining pressure with more convergence as the confining pressure increases. This behavior of the VP model is connected to the convexity of the yield curve together with use of a normal flow rule. In the Coulombic model, 10 the angle of fracture is smaller (θ = 23◦) and grossly consistent with observations. The solution, however, is unstable when the compressive stress is too large because of non-differentiable corners between the straight limbs of the Coulombic yield curve and the elliptical cap. The results suggest that, although at first sight the large scale patterns of LKFs simulated with a VP sea ice model appear to be realistic, the elliptical yield curve with a normal flow rule is not consistent with the notion of sea ice as a pressure-sensitive and dilatant granular material. 15
Factors Influencing the Use of the Balanced Scorecard: Evidence from a Regional Context in Italy

: The balanced scorecard (BSC) has received considerable attention, by companies and researchers, for its potentiality in mitigating the limitations of traditional management accounting tools and supporting strategic management. Despite this interest, there is still little empirical evidence on the levels of BSC implementation and the contingency factors influencing it. This study explores whether company size and type of industry affect the BSC use and focuses on motivations of the BSC use (or non-use). A survey was conducted in a highly productive region, Northeast Italy, and quantitative analysis was carried out to assess the statistical significance of the association between the contingency factors and the BSC use. The results confirm prior studies showing that BSC use is biased towards larger companies. However, this holds in every industry except in manufacturing, where also small firms are prone to adopt it. A qualitative analysis integrates these results highlighting that the BSC is mainly used to align objectives and improve business processes and communication within organizations.
A SURVEY ON RECENT DFA COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES FOR DEEP PACKET INSPECTION IN NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM

: The vast majority of the system security application in today’s systems depends on Deep packet inspection. In recent years regular expression matching are used as an important operator which examines whether or not the packet’s payload can be matched with a group of predefined regular expression. Regular expressions are parsed using the Deterministic Finite Automata representations. Conversely, to represent regular expression sets as DFA the system needs large amount of memory, an excessive amount of time, or an excessive amount of per flow state limiting their practical applications. There are several compression techniques available which provide memory efficient finite automata. This paper presents the analysis of these several compression techniques that are used to decrease the number of states such as HFA, History based NFA, DFA, Lazy DFA, NFA-OBDD, HFA, H-FA, H-cFA, XFA, D 2 FA, CD 2 FA, δFA, δ 2 FA, Dual Finite Automata and DFA/EC. In this paper the Intelligent Optimization Grouping Algorithms (IOGA) are discussed to resolve the state blow up problem. As a result of using IOGA the system provides memory efficient automata by dispensing the regular expression sets into various groups and optimizing the DFAs.
The earliest fossil schizopterid bug (Insecta: Heteroptera) in the Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon

Abstract The schizopterid bug Libanohypselosoma popovi n. gen., n. sp. belonging to the subfamily Hypselosomatinae is described from the Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon. This fossil is the earliest record of the Schizopteridae. The species is distinguished from its related taxa, a discussion is given.
Time of Day Impacts Postemergence Weed Control in Corn

Abstract Field trials were conducted from 2005 to 2007 at two locations in southwestern Ontario to investigate how weed control in corn was affected by the time of day that herbicides were applied. Weed control following the application of six POST herbicides (atrazine, bromoxynil, dicamba/diflufenzopyr, glyphosate, glufosinate, and nicosulfuron) at 06:00, 09:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00, and 24:00 h was assessed. For many weed species herbicide efficacy was reduced when applications were made at 06:00, 21:00, and 24:00 h. Velvetleaf was the most sensitive to the time of day effect, followed by common ragweed, common lambsquarters, and redroot pigweed. Annual grasses were not as sensitive to application timing; however, control of barnyardgrass and green foxtail was reduced in some environments at 06:00 h and after 21:00 h. Only in the most severe cases was the grain yield of corn reduced due to decreased weed control. Daily changes in air temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity that cause species-specific physiological changes may account for the variation in weed control throughout the day. The results of this research suggest that there is a strong species-specific influence of ambient air temperature, light intensity, and leaf orientation on the efficacy of POST herbicides. These results should aid growers in applying herbicides when they are most efficacious, thus reducing costs associated with reduced efficacy. Nomenclature: Atrazine; bromoxynil; dicamba; diflufenzopyr; glufosinate; glyphosate; nicosulfuron; barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. ; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. ; green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. ; redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. ; velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti L. ; corn, Zea mays L.
Necessity of Quality-Controlled 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Databases: Identifying Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Species

Volume 39, no. 10, p. 3637–3648, 2001. The near-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence was determined for three strains of Mycobacterium flavescens, ATCC 14474, ATCC 23008, and ATCC 23033. Based on our initial sequencing results, it was determined that M. flavescens ATCC 14474 and ATCC 23008 had 100% sequence identity with “Mycobacterium acapulcensis” ATCC 14473, while ATCC 23033 had a unique sequence, which was closest to that of Mycobacterium novocastrense DSM 44203. The strains sequenced had been stocked in 1994. All three isolates were reordered from the American Type Culture Collection in December 2001, and their 16S rRNA gene sequences were reevaluated. The results revealed the following (identity values given hereafter were obtained by using the RIDOM database [http://www.ridom.de]). First, ATCC 14474 corresponds, with 100% sequence identity, to ATCC 14474. This sequence of this strain also corresponds to that of M. flavescens ATCC 14474 from GenBank (accession no. X52932), with the exception of a few Ns. Second, ATCC 23008 has a unique sequence, closest to that of “M. acapulcensis,” with a (corrected) identity of 98.61%. Third, ATCC 23033 has a sequence identical to that initially determined for the same strain. It is closest to that of M. novocastrense, with a (corrected) identity of 98.95%. These results do not impact the analyses of the other type strains of Mycobacterium spp. in our study, as it was confirmed that the previously obtained sequences of those strains correspond (with 100% sequence identity) to the sequences of the same type strains in the RIDOM database.
Effects of selection for production and maternal diet on maiden dairy heifer fertility

The objectives of this study were to investigate reproductive performance and the influence of maternal environment on reproductive performance in two genetic lines of maiden heifers. These were given food and managed in the same way at the Langhill Dairy Cattle Research Centre. The two genetic lines were established in 1973; one has been selected for high combined yield of fat plus protein (selection line; S) and the other has been maintained at around the UK average for genetic merit of yield of fat plus protein (control line; C). Analysis of the reproductive performance of 988 heifers born between 1981 and 1998 showed that S heifers were poorer (all P < 0·05) than C heifers for all reproductive measures: conception at first service (S: 0·64, s.e. 0·02; C: 0·71, s.e. 0·03), interval between first and last service (S: 18·2 days, s.e. 2·2; C: 13·4 days, s.e. 2·2) and number of services per conception (S: 1·49 services, s.e. 0·06; C: 1·39 services, s.e. 0·06). S heifers were also younger at first service than C heifers (474·9 days v. 480·1 days, s.e. 1·9, for S and C respectively; P < 0·01). Fertility of service sires may have had some influence on these results, but this could not be investigated here, as S heifers were mated only to high merit bulls and C heifers to average merit bulls. However, within genetic line, the yearly downward trend in the average number of services per conception of heifers was significantly different from zero for the S line, but not the C line. There were no statistically significant relationships between conception rates in maiden heifers and their subsequent reproductive performance in first lactation. The effect of maternal environment on the reproductive performance of daughters as maiden heifers was investigated. There were no statistically significant relationships between daughter reproductive performance and dam parity or the feeding system of the dam (either a high or low level of concentrates). Within the limited range of nutritional status of dams during the periods post calving and in early pregnancy, there was no statistically significant effect of maternal nutrition on daughter reproductive performance.
HERBALS AND NUTRIT IONAL SUPPLEMENTS

It is estimated that more than one-third of American adults experience chronic sleep disorders, whereas others experience sleep problems intermittently. Sleep disorders range from insomnia to sleep deprivation and may be due to outside stressors, such as financial concerns, caring for aging parents, or poor working conditions, and place a tremendous amount of stress on the individual, as well as society. The most effective treatment plan for sleep disorders is determined by properly identifying and addressing the causative factors that can disrupt sleep. Some of the most common causes of sleep disturbances include psychological factors, such as anxiety, tension, and depression. Dietary and lifestyle factors that may precipitate sleep problems include overconsumption of alcohol or caffeine, various foods, inadequate exercise, and the use of certain medications. Furthermore, sleep problems may result as a secondary effect of organic illness, such as nocturnal hypoglycemia, bladder conditions, or arthritis. A large percentage of individuals experience sleep problems resulting from emotional stress, which is the central focus of this article.
WhatsApp in mHealth: design and evaluation of an mHealth tool to share dynamic images in hemodynamics.

Background WhatsApp, like many other messaging Apps, enables messages, documents, and multimedia elements to be exchanged through a chat-based tool. Among the many potentialities of WhatsApp are: (I) the possibility to create groups (WhatsApp Groups) and (II) the possibility to install the app on a personal computer using the WhatsApp Web application. Methods The two functionalities (I, II) were used to set-up an mHealth environment for teleconsultation in telecardiology which will support the exchange of the dynamic images in hemodynamics. A proper client/server architecture was proposed to supply the mHealth environment. The files related to the dynamic study were preliminarily converted [using picture archiving and communication system (PACS) functions] into an audio-video interleave (AVI) format, which is compatible with mobile technology. Results The mHealth environment was configured. Five dynamic images were extracted from the PACS in the format AVI. The images were exchanged using WhatsApp Web on the server side and WhatsApp on the client side (smartphones). An acceptance analysis of five observers showed high satisfaction with the methodology. Conclusions From a global perspective, our contribution aligns with those of scholars in the field concerning the use of WhatsApp in medical imaging. Furthermore, this study suggests that research in the telecardiology field can be strengthened through the use of dynamic images and WhatsApp.
Comparison of Commensal and Clinical Isolates for Diversity of Plasmids in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae

In this study, the plasmid content of clinical and commensal strains was analyzed and compared. The replicon profile was similar in both populations, except for L, M, A/C, and N (detected only in clinical strains) and HI1 (only in commensal strains). Although I1 and F were the most frequent replicons, only IncI1, sequence type 12 (ST12) was associated with blaCMY-2 in both populations. In contrast, the widespread resistant IncF plasmids were not linked to a single epidemic plasmid. ABSTRACT In this study, the plasmid content of clinical and commensal strains was analyzed and compared. The replicon profile was similar in both populations, except for L, M, A/C, and N (detected only in clinical strains) and HI1 (only in commensal strains). Although I1 and F were the most frequent replicons, only IncI1, sequence type 12 (ST12) was associated with blaCMY-2 in both populations. In contrast, the widespread resistant IncF plasmids were not linked to a single epidemic plasmid.
Molecular Structure and Transferability of Tn1546-Like Elements in Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Clinical, Sewage, and Surface Water Samples in Iran

Molecular Structure and Transferability of Tn1546-Like Elements in Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Clinical, Sewage, and Surface Water Samples in Iran M. Talebi, M. R. Pourshafie, M. Katouli, and R. Möllby Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Science, Health and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland 4558, Australia; and Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology Centre, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
The relationship between dive and pre-dive heart rates in restrained and free dives by diving ducks

Dive heart rate was plotted against pre-dive heart rate in forced and voluntary dives and dabbles by restrained and free ducks. The relationship between pre-dive heart rate and the cardiac interval occurring just before or coincident with submersion (first cardiac interval) and the heart rate after 2–5 s submergence (stabilized heart rate) was emphasized. Stabilized heart rate in forced dives by restrained ducks at rest and at the end of a bout of exercise, and heart rate in voluntary dives and dabbles were linearly related on a plot of dive heart rate against the logarithm of predive heart rate. Even the heart rate occurring 2–5 s after ducks were ‘trapped’ under water, compared with the rate immediately before ‘trapping’, fitted on this line. The line was described by the equation y = - 451 + 2461ogx where y is dive (or trapped) and × is pre-dive (or pre-trap) heart rate ( r 2 = 0.98). The relationship was unaltered by β-blockade with propranolol. Furthermore, nasal blockade with Xylocaine, O 2 breathing before submersion, and arterial baroreceptor denervation had no marked effect on the relationship in voluntary and trapped dives. Implantation of stimulating electrodes bilaterally on the cut distal ends of vagal and cardiac sympathetic nerves suggested that in all these dives there is a similar increase in the level of efferent vagal activity during submersion. However, the first cardiac interval in voluntary dives represents a much lower heart rate and therefore higher level of vagal activity. The present data suggest that there is considerable psychogenic modulation of cardiac responses in voluntary diving and only in forced dives, by restrained animals, is cardiac control largely reflexogenic.
Comparative mammalian genomics: models of evolution and detection of functional elements

Having the complete genomes of multiple species is causing sweeping changes in biology. Comparative sequence analysis is leading to new insights about the evolutionary forces that have shaped present-day genomes and is enabling previously unknown functional elements to be identified and characterized. Comparative methods hold particular promise for mammalian and other vertebrate genomes, which are more difficult to approach experimentally than the genomes of simpler eukaryotes such as D. melanogaster and C. elegans. Here, we introduce new methods for detecting functional elements using aligned genomic sequences from multiple species. These methods are based on phylogenetic hidden Markov models (phylo-HMMs), statistical models that describe both the process of nucleotide substitution at individual sites in a genome and how this process changes from one site to the next. We discuss the application of phylo-HMMs to several important problems in comparative genomics, including the prediction of protein-coding exons, the identification of conserved elements, the estimation of context-dependent substitution rates, and the detection of lineage-specific selection. In addressing these problems, we develop new techniques for modeling insertions and deletions, improving the efficiency of parameter estimation, and assessing the significance of predicted elements. Using phylo-HMM-based computer programs, we have conducted a large-scale analysis of context-dependent substitution in mammalian genomes, and the most comprehensive survey to date of conserved elements in eukaryotic genomes. We discuss these studies and the biological insights gained from them.