Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Soy Yogurt (Lactic Acid-Fermented Okara in Soymilk) on Intestinal Polyamine Level in Rats

Polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, are important constituents of all mammalian cells and are essentially involved in a variety of regulatory step during normal and malignant cell proliferation. Okara and soymilk fermented with Lactobacillus were combined to form soy yogurt, which is rich in polyamine content. We investigated the effect of soy yogurt on polyamine levels in intestines and blood of rats. The ingestion of soy yogurt induced the increase of mucosal polyamine level in small intestine. Although the polyamine level in cecum was increased by the ingestion of soy yogurt, the polyamine levels in large intestine and blood were not increased. It was found that the ingestion of polyamine-rich soy yogurt could affect the polyamine level in only small intestinal mucosa. The large intestine seems to regulate the polyamine level to prevent own cells from hyperproliferation. It was assumed that blood kept polyamine level constant in spite of the level changes in intestines.
Impact of balsam fir foliage age on sixth-instar spruce budworm growth, development, and food utilization

Lors des epidemies de tordeuses des bourgeons de l'epinette (Choristaneura fumiferana (Clem.)), quand le feuillage de l'annee courante de sapin baumier (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. ) est totalement detruit, les chenilles de dernier stade consomment du feuillage de l'annee precedente. Au laboratoire, l'impact de ce comportement alimentaire sur la croissance et le developpement des larves ainsi que sur l'utilisation de la nourriture et de l'azote par l'insecte est etudie a l'aide de methodes gravimetriques et d'analyses biochimiques du feuillage. Le feuillage de l'annee precedente contient plus de monoterpenes totaux, moins de nutriments (N, P, K, Mg et sucres solubles totaux) et moins d'eau que le feuillage de l'annee courante. Les chenilles nourries de vieux feuillage durant le sixieme stade atteignent le stade chrysalide deux jours plus tard que celles nourries de jeune feuillage. De plus, elles ont un poids pupal, un taux de croissance et un taux d'accumulation en azote, respectivement 30, 26 et 33% plus faibles. Des carences en nutriments essentiels ainsi qu'un impact negatif post-digestion sur la conversion de la nourriture digeree en biomasse larvaire sont a l'origine de ces pietres performances. Les chenilles nourries de feuillage de l'annee precedente developpent divers mecanismes de compensation, mais insuffisamment efficaces pour contrer la mauvaise conversion de nourriture en biomasse larvaire et la faible ingestion d'azote.
Age-related carcass composition changes in male broiler chickens

To quantify growth and development of the broiler chicken to 70 d, a flock of male birds was sampled at regular intervals, and observations were made on growth and development of various carcass components. Birds were fed conventional diets and maintained on litter-floor pens in a room with environmental control. At 21, 28, 35, 39, 43, 47, 50, 55, 60 and 70 d of age, 12 birds were selected at random for estimation of live weight, eviscerated weight, cut-up portion composition and deboned meat yield. Observations involved weights of the various carcass components and proximate analysis. Birds showed linear growth to 70 d (P < 0.01), while development shown by the eviscerated carcass was positively quadratic (P < 0.01). Proportional fat content of the eviscerated carcass increased over time (P < 0.01), while protein content decreased (P < 0.01). The leg-thigh portion yielded the greatest quantity of meat, while the bone portion increased from 130 g to 843 g over the 21- to 70-d period. Total carcass skin in.
ON COLIAS ERIPHYLE Edw., AND C. HAGENII Edw

In my last paper I showed that C. Hagenii was a yellow form of C. Eurytheme Bois. , and I am now prepared to say that Hagenii is identical with Eriphyle, and the name gives way to this. I described Eriphyle, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc. , v. , 202, 1876, from about thirty individuals of both sexes, taken in British Columbia, at Lake Lahache, by the late G. R. Crotch; and related that they were submitted to Mr. Henry Edwards, who pronounced them distinct from any of the Pacific coast species, an opinion with which I agreed.
Field Studies of Photosynthetic and Growth Responses to Irradiance in Three Forest Understory Species of the C4 Grass Genus Muhlenbergia

Three species of the C4 grass genus Muhlenbergia from the forest understory-M. frondosa, M. sobolifera, and M. schreberi-and one species from an open prairie, M. cuspidata, were transplanted to a sunny common garden and to a forest understory. After 4 mo of growth, all species in the common garden produced more biomass and greater leaf area and number than those in the understory. Muhlenbergia cuspidata died in the understory. Chlorophyll (chl) concentrations were higher, and a/b ratios were lower, in plants from the understory. All species were grown in the laboratory under two PPFD regimes: (1) 15 μmol m-2 s-1 for 9 h plus two 10-min periods of 500 μmol m-2 s-1; and (2) 15 μmol m-2 s-1 for 20 h. Total integrated PPFD, not peak photon flux density, appeared to determine all aspects of the photosynthetic responses of these plants. Characteristics of photosynthetic gas exchange in situ for M. frondosa and M. sobolifera were similar to laboratory findings. Although results indicated that the three understory species adjusted their chl characteristics and survived when grown under low levels of PPFD, they grew optimally under the higher PPFD.
Regional Frameworks and Candidate Metrics for Assessing Biotic Integrity in Mid-Atlantic Highland Streams

Abstract Regionally stratified biological criteria are being used increasingly to assess stream quality. We used multivariate analysis of variance and canonical analysis to examine the utility of two regional frameworks (basins and ecoregions) and 14 candidate metrics of local fish assemblages for assessing the biotic integrity of streams in the mid-Atlantic highlands (montane areas from Pennsylvania to Virginia). In particular, we determined (1) how metrics varied naturally among basins and ecoregions and (2) which metrics varied most consistently with site quality. We also examined the ability of preliminary multimetric indices (MMIs) to distinguish site quality. Metrics varied meaningfully among both basins and ecoregions, but most metrics differed more among basins. The basin effect was especially strong for taxonomic metrics (e.g., number of species [TOTSP]), which reflected the influence of zoogeography on fish community composition. Few metrics differed strongly among both basins and ecoregions. Co.
Germination and survival of tetraspores of Kappaphycus alvarezii var. alvarezii (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta) introduced in subtropical waters of Brazil

The carrageenophyte Kappaphycus alvarezii was introduced in 1995 and vegetatively propagated in Ubatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil, for the purpose of commercial cultivation. This species produces tetraspores mainly in the austral summer and fall. Tetraspore germination and survival were studied under different conditions of temperature, photon flux density, and photoperiod in the laboratory. Field experiments were also carried out. Although tetraspores of K. alvarezii germinated, they had low survival rates, most dying after 20 days. Recruitment of K. alvarezii tetraspores did not occur in experiments conducted in the field. The results indicated that the establishment of K. alvarezii via spore production in the natural environment of the south‐east coast of Brazil is rather remote.
A Key Function for αv Containing Integrins in Mesodermal Cell Migration duringPleurodeles waltlGastrulation

Abstract During cleavage ofPleurodeles waltlamphibian embryos, inner cells of the blastocoel roof (presumptive ectodermal and mesodermal cells) organize a fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) containing fibronectin on their basal surface by a β1-integrin-dependent process. This matrix is used as a migratory substrate by mesodermal cells during gastrulation. While α5β1 integrin is expressed on both ectodermal and mesodermal cell surface, we have shown previously that αv containing integrins are essentially restricted to the surface of mesodermal cells (Alfandari, D., Whittaker, C. A., DeSimone, D. W., and Darribere, T.,Dev. Biol.170, 249–261, 1995). To investigate the function of αv integrins during gastrulation, we have generated a function blocking antibody directed against the extracellular domain of thePleurodelesintegrin αv subunit. The antibody did not prevent fibronectin fibril formation, whereas an antibody against the α5β1 integrin did. When injected into the blastocoel, the antibody against integrin αv subunit perturbed gastrulation and further development in a stage-dependent manner. Developmental defects were correlated to an abnormal positioning of the mesoderm layer.In vitro,the antibody blocked spreading of mesodermal cell to fibronectin or blastocoel roof ECM but not their attachment. In contrast, the antibody directed against the α5β1 integrin inhibited both cell attachment and spreading to the same substrates. We propose that the α5β1 integrin is required for fibronectin assembly into fibrils and mesodermal cell attachment to the blastocoel roof ECM, while the αv containing integrins are necessary for cell spreading, and possibly migration, on this complex network.
A New Fossil Flower and Associated Coprolites: Evidence for Angiosperm‐Insect Interactions in the Santonian (Late Cretaceous) of Georgia, U.S.A.

Plant‐insect interactions are readily identifiable in the fossil record when insect activities cause damage to plant tissues, for example, leaf mining, piercing, galls. However, the inference of insect pollination of extinct plants usually must be based on comparative morphology of plants and insects or based on phylogenetic relationships and pollination habits of extant taxa. The presence of insect coprolites can provide additional evidence supporting the inference of plant‐insect interactions based on the morphology and composition of the fossilized feces. In this article, we describe Noferinia fusicarpa gen. et sp. nov. based on fossil flowers and fruits recovered from the Buffalo Creek Member of the Gaillard Formation (late Santonian, Cretaceous) of central Georgia. The morphology of the flowers—differentiated perianth, basally connate calyx and corolla, inferior ovary, and possible nectiferous pores surrounding the base of the style—is consistent with generalized insect pollination. Associated with Noferinia flowers and fruits in the same sediment samples are five morphotypes of coprolites that are similar in shape and composition to the feces produced by modern beetles that feed on pollen and flowers. On the basis of the morphological features exhibited by Noferinia and by the coprolites containing its pollen, we suggest that Noferinia fusicarpa was insect pollinated.
A Clinical Screening Tool Identifies Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults

OBJECTIVE Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is defined as adult-onset diabetes with circulating islet antibodies but not requiring insulin therapy initially. Diagnosing LADA has treatment implications because of the high risk of progression to insulin dependency. Currently, there are no recommendations for islet antibody testing in adult-onset diabetes. In this study, we aimed to develop a clinical screening tool to identify adults at high risk of LADA who require islet antibody testing. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects with LADA (n = 102, GAD antibody [GADA]+) and type 2 diabetes (n = 111, GADA-) (aged 30-75 years) were interviewed retrospectively. The clinical features documented were age of onset, acute symptoms of hyperglycemia, BMI, and personal and family history of autoimmune disease. Any clinical feature that was significantly more frequent in LADA was designated as a distinguishing clinical feature. In each subject, a "LADA clinical risk score," based on the total number of distinguishing features, was calculated. A prospective study of adults with newly diagnosed diabetes (n = 130) was used to determine whether the LADA clinical risk score could identify LADA. RESULTS In the retrospective study, five clinical features were more frequent in LADA compared with type 2 diabetes at diagnosis: 1) age of onset <50 years (P < 0.0001), 2) acute symptoms (P < 0.0001), 3) BMI <25 kg/m2 (P = 0.0004), 4) personal history of autoimmune disease (P = 0.011), and 5) family history of autoimmune disease (P = 0.024). In the prospective study, the presence of at least two of these distinguishing clinical features (LADA clinical risk score > or =2) had a 90% sensitivity and 71% specificity for identifying LADA and a negative predictive value for a LADA clinical risk score < or =1 of 99%. CONCLUSIONS At least two distinguishing clinical features are found in a majority of patients with LADA at diagnosis and can be used to identify adults with diabetes at higher risk for LADA.
Phylogenetic classification of the world ’ s tropical forests

Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world ’ s tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world ’ s tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similar- ity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: ( i ) Indo-Pacific, ( ii ) Subtropical, ( iii ) African, ( iv ) Amer- ican, and ( v ) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical for- est region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northern- hemisphere forests. versus locations with their pairwise phylogenetic distances. Principal co- ordinate (PCO) analyses (in MultiVariate Statistical Computing Services) on resulting location versus location matrices showed that the MPPD matrices had almost no explanatory power (generally the first five PCO axes explained less than 5% of data variance), meaning that detected patterns were mostly random. The MNTD matrices, however, explained considerable amounts of data variance in the first five axes of the PCO. Therefore, we used only MNTD for further analysis.
Ambient bulk deposition, throughfall, and stemflow in a variety of forest stands in Nova Scotia

Averaged over one growing season for four conifer and four hardwood stands in central Nova Scotia, incident bulk deposition (IP) was partitioned into 28% canopy interception, 70% throughfall (TF), and 2% stemflow (SF). Hydrogen ion, ammonium, and nitrate fluxes in TF + SF were less than IP; these were presumably consumed by ion-uptake reactions in the canopy or on bark surfaces. All other measured constituents had positive net fluxes, which presumably resulted from some combination of leachage, ion exchange, or washoff of dry-deposited material. The average flux of constituent in TF + SF, expressed as a percent enhancement over IP, was as follows: K, 930; Mg, 274; PO4, 190; Ca, 170; Cl, 116; SO4, 50; Na, 50; H+, −54; NH4, −59; NO3, −69. Tree species differed greatly in concentration and flux of water and nutrient in stemflow. Conifer species generally had lower SF water fluxes, probably because of their greater leaf biomass, which resulted in relatively high rates of canopy interception of IP. Concentrati.
HIV Type 1 Resistance in Kenyan Sex Workers Is Not Associated with Altered Cellular Susceptibility to HIV Type 1 Infection or Enhanced β-Chemokine Production

ABSTRACT A small group of women (n = 80) within the Nairobi-based Pumwani Sex Workers Cohort demonstrates epidemiologic resistance to HIV-1 infection. Chemokine receptor polymorphisms and β-chemokine overproduction have been among the mechanisms suggested to be responsible for resistance to HIV-1 infection. This study attempts to determine if any of those mechanisms are protecting the HIV-1-resistant women. Genetic analysis of CCR5 and CCR3 from the resistant women demonstrated no polymorphisms associated with resistance. Expression levels of CCR5 among the resistant women were shown to be equivalent to that found in low-risk seronegative (negative) controls, while CXCR4 expression was greater among some of the resistant women. In vitro infection experiments showed that phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from resistant women were as susceptible to infection to T cell- and macrophage-tropic North American and Kenyan HIV-1 isolates as were the PBMCs from negative .
Female fowl (Gallus gallus) do not prefer alarm-calling males

Phenotypic traits associated with reproductive outcomes are often thought to be under sexual selection. In fowl, Gallus gallus, the rate at which males produce anti-predator alarm calls is an excellent correlate of their mating and reproductive success. However, two different models can explain this relationship. Calling, like many costly traits, may be attractive to females. Alternatively, males that have recently mated may invest in their mates by increasing alarm call production. Although previous work provides strong support for the male investment hypothesis, the two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. In this study, we tested the mate attraction hypothesis by manipulating male alarm calling rates in three separate mate choice experiments. The first experiment was conducted in a highly controlled laboratory setting. There, we used video playback techniques to present females with simulated males that differed only in their alarm calling responses to simulated predators. In the second experiment, females were presented with two live males in a naturalistic outdoor setting. One male's vocal output was supplemented with his own pre-recorded alarm calls, and the other male's was not. In the third experiment, we combined the realistic spatial scale of an outdoor context with the stringent experimental control offered by video playback. The male stimuli used in this experiment differed in their propensity to produce four intercorrelated vocal signals that are each correlated with male mating and reproductive success. These included aerial alarm calls, ground alarm calls, food calls, and crows. Results from the three experiments consistently showed that females do not prefer alarm-calling males, suggesting that male alarm calling is not a sexually selected signal.
Potential effects of granivores on old field succession

The author of a literature review tentatively concluded that preferential predation on large seeds of late sueccssional species retards plant succession. To test this tentative conclusion for old fields, I determined whether seed predators (i.e., granivores) removed more seeds of later successional species (trees) than earlier successional species (herbs). Seeds of three herbs (Hypericum perforatum L., Centaurea nigra L., Tragopogon dubius Scop.) and three trees (Betula papyrifera Marshall, Fraxinus americana L. Acer saccharum Marshall) were glued to the ends of fish lines and exposed to granivory for 10 months in each of four old fields. More tree seeds of all sizes (0.53–75.9 mg) disappeared than did seeds of the herb with the smallest seeds (0.11 mg). This result indicates that granivory may indeed retard old field succession. However, about equal numbers of seeds disappeared for the two herbs with larger seeds (2.3–11.6 mg) and two trees with even larger seeds (34.1–75.9 mg). Therefore, granivory may.
Adsorption, latent period and burst size of phages of some strains of lactic streptococci

Summary The host–phage reactions of 20 strains of lactic streptococci currently used in cheese manufacture, and the phages active on them, were studied under a variety of conditions. The phages of the lactic streptococci conformed in their behaviour with the general behaviour of phages for other bacterial species. The burst size of phages which attack one strain of starter culture varied widely and also varied when one phage attacked different host strains. The burst size of a phage was also influenced by the host on which it was previously propagated. An increase of temperature from 30 to 37 °C the latent period, but it increased, decreased, or had no effect on the burst size. This increase in temperature also usually decreased the percentage adsorption of phage. Rennet at a concentration of 0·02 % significantly reduced the percentage adsorption of phage in sterile reconstituted milk and also in tryptone yeast-extract broth.
Essential elements of discourse for advancing the modelling of species' current and potential distributions

A recent review by Dormann et al. (2012, Journal of Biogeography, 39, 2119–2131) has proposed that methods for the modelling of species distributions be considered as a continuum. We disagree with this thesis, and contend that attempting to present the diverse range of methods as a continuum is unhelpful and ultimately not convincing. It adds to the confusion about the strengths and weaknesses of the diversity of available modelling methods, what exactly it is that they model, and the most appropriate applications. We highlight variation within and between modelling methods that is obscured by the continuum framework and propose that context of application and clarity of method are critical elements for future discourse on the topic.