Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute sleep deprivation aggravates nitroglycerin-evoked hyperalgesia in mice

Sleep deprivation can trigger migraine, and migraineurs often choose to sleep to relieve headaches during acute migraine. This study aimed to explore the effect of acute sleep deprivation on hyperalgesia induced by nitroglycerin in mice. In part one, after either 6-h sleep deprivation or 6-h normal sleep, mice were intraperitoneally injected with nitroglycerin or saline. The mechanical pain threshold and withdrawal latency of the hindpaw were measured every 30 min for 6 h. Next, the same sleep deprivation and injection procedure was performed with new mice, and mice were sacrificed 4.5 h after injection. The trigeminal nucleus caudalis and upper cervical spinal segments were taken for immunofluorescence Fos staining. In part two, after injection of saline or nitroglycerin, the mice were either deprived of sleep for 6 h or allowed to sleep without interference. The mechanical and thermal pain threshold were measured after 6 h. In part three, we compared the sleep time of mice after intraperitoneal injection of saline or nitroglycerin without interference. Sleep deprivation for 6 h did not cause any changes in the baseline pain thresholds in mice. However, pretreatment with 6-h sleep deprivation significantly prolonged the duration of hyperalgesia induced by nitroglycerin. Additionally, the expression of Fos at 4.5 h was significantly higher in the 6-h sleep deprivation and nitroglycerin group than in the other three groups. When intraperitoneal injection was given first, the mechanical pain threshold of the hind paw was significantly lower in the group that received nitroglycerin with 6-h sleep deprivation than in the other groups. Compared to the saline injection, one-time nitroglycerin injection would result in a significant increase in sleep latency and decrease in sleep duration for the normal mice. Acute sleep deprivation significantly aggravated the hyperalgesia induced by nitroglycerin in mice, which highlights the importance of sleep disorders for migraine.
Occupational Footwear Design Influences Biomechanics and Physiology of Human Postural Control and Fall Risk

While design modifications present on work boots improve safety, they may not always provide optimal human performance during work tasks. Understanding the impact of these different design features on biomechanical and physiological postural control and locomotion variables can aid in better design modifications that can provide a safe and efficient human performance. This brief review focuses on a series of studies conducted by the current research team, that have tested three different work boots (SB: high-top steel-toed work boots; TB: high-top tactical work boots; SR: low-top slip-resistant work boots). The series of studies included testing of these work boots or combinations of them under acute and chronic simulated occupational workloads, assessing biomechanical variable such as postural stability, gait, slips, and muscle activity, as well as physiological variables such as heart rate, energy expenditure, oxygen consumption, and pain perception. The impact of each of the work boots and their design feature on postural control and locomotion are summarized from these studies’ previously published literature. Finally, work boot design suggestions for optimal human performance are provided for better work boot selection, modification, and design.
Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Attenuates Blood Pressure Drops in Orthostasis

Orthostatic hypotension is a complex medical problem with various underlying pathogenic mechanisms and limited modalities for its correction. Since transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (t-SCS) leads to immediate blood pressure (BP) elevation in a supine position, we suggested that t-SCS may attenuate blood pressure drops in orthostasis. We aimed to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of t-SCS during tilt testing in a feasibility study in three patients with documented orthostatic hypotension. Four sessions on two different days of tilt testing on and off t-SCS were performed on each patient. While tilting with t-SCS off showed typical significant BP drops in every patient, active t-SCS resulted in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) elevation in all patients and significantly higher values of systolic and diastolic BP in two patients. T-SCS requires further investigation on a larger patient population. However, our preliminary results demonstrate its ability for SVR and BP elevation in subjects with severe orthostatic hypotension.
Importance of turbulence-radiation interactions in turbulent diffusion jet flames

Traditional modeling of radiative transfer in reacting flows has ignored turbulence-radiation interactions (TRI). Radiative fluxes, flux divergences and radiative properties have been based on mean temperature and concentration fields. However, both experimental and theoretical work have suggested that mean radiative quantities may differ significantly from those predictions based on the mean parameters because of their strongly nonlinear dependence on the temperature and concentration fields. The composition PDF method is able to consider many nonlinear interactions rigorously, and the method is used here to study turbulence-radiation interactions. This paper tries to answer two basic questions: (1) whether turbulence-radiation interactions are important in turbulent flames or not; and (2) if they are important, then what correlations need to be considered in the simulation to capture them. After conducting many flame simulations, it was observed that, on average, TRI effects account for about 1/3 of the total drop in flame peak temperature caused by radiative heat losses. In addition, this study shows that consideration of the temperature self correlation alone is not sufficient to capture TRI, but that the complete absorption coefficient-Planck function correlation must be considered.
Curvature-induced geometrical frustration in magnetic systems

We study classical Heisenberg spins in the continuum limit (i.e., the nonlinear {sigma} model) on an elastic two-dimensional manifold with at least one nonconstant principal curvature. If the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations support a soliton solution, the nonconstant curvature of the geometry induces geometrical frustration in the region of the soliton which is relieved by a deformation of the manifold in the region of the soliton. We illustrate these results on an elliptic cylinder where we find an elastic soliton in terms of the variable ellipticity along the axis of the cylinder. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Informed Consent: Research Staff's Perspectives and Practical Recommendations to Improve Research Staff-Participant Communication

Informed consent (IC) is the process of communication between research staff and potential research participants. However, ensuring that participants clearly understand what research participation entails, raises significant challenges. The aim of this study is to provide insight into some communication barriers that research staff are confronted with and make practical recommendations to improve communication between research staff and participants. A qualitative research study using semi-structured interviews (n = 13) with research staff from Ghent University Hospital was conducted. Data were transcribed verbatim and coded thematically. Our results indicate that communication- and process-related factors affect the IC process. Emergent recommendations include communication training, more interactive information materials and the use of digital alternatives, increasing general knowledge about research participation and patient- and public involvement.
Silver Nanoparticles and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) Root Extract as Modifying Agents of Hydrogels Designed as Innovative Dressings

The interest in the application of plant extracts as modifiers of polymers intended for biomedical purposes is constantly increasing. The therapeutical properties of the licorice root, including its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity, make this plant particularly promising. The same applies to silver nanoparticles showing antibacterial properties. Thus the main purpose of the research was to design hydrogel dressings containing both licorice root extract and nanosilver so as to obtain a system promoting wound regeneration processes by preventing infection and inflammation within the wound. The first step included the preparation of the plant extract via the solid-liquid extraction using the Soxhlet extractor and the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by the chemical reduction of silver ions using a sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. Subsequently, hydrogels were synthesized via photopolymerization and subjected to studies aiming at characterizing their sorption properties, surface morphology via scanning electron microscopy, and their impact on simulated physiological liquids supported by defining these liquids’ influence on hydrogels’ structures by FT-IR spectroscopy. Next, the tensile strength of hydrogels and their percentage elongation were determined. Performed studies also allowed for determining the hydrogels’ wettability and free surface energies. Finally, the cytotoxicity of hydrogels towards L929 murine fibroblasts via the MTT reduction assay was also verified. It was demonstrated that developed materials showed stability in simulated physiological liquids. Moreover, hydrogels were characterized by high elasticity (percentage elongation within the range of 24–29%), and their surfaces were hydrophilic (wetting angles below 90°). Hydrogels containing both licorice extract and nanosilver showed smooth and homogeneous surfaces. Importantly, cytotoxic properties towards L929 murine fibroblasts were excluded; thus, developed materials seem to have great potential for application as innovative dressings.
An elliptic equation with singular nonlinearity

The purpose of this paper is to study the problem (P) −Δu+u−α=f in Ω, u=0 on ∂Ω, u−α∈L1(Ω), u>0 in Ω, where Ω is a bounded smooth open set of RN, f≥0, f∈L1(Ω) and 0<α<1. When α≤0 this problem corresponds to a monotone semilinear equation for which the existence and uniqueness of solutions are well known. On the other hand, semilinear equations with nonmonotone perturbations have also been considered in the literature by many different methods. The originality of our study comes from the singularity of the nonlinearity in (P).
Realization of GaAs/AlGaAs Lasers on Si Substrates Using Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition

In this paper, we report on the fabrication and characterizations of a GaAs-based laser using the epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) technique. ELO is an epitaxial growth technique capable of yielding low-dislocation-density III-V films on Si. To realize the effectivity of this procedure, two types of lasers were fabricated by changing the positions of the top p+-GaAs and metal contact in-line with the ELO layer and in-line with the line seed region. The longer lifetime for the lasers with the top p+-GaAs and metal contact in-line with the ELO layer proves the suitability of the ELO technique.
Theoretical study of the Stark width and shift parameters of Pb iii lines: predictions and regularities

Semiclassical approximate values of the Stark parameters for several lines of Pb in are reported in this paper. The parameters were calculated using a set of wavefunctions obtained from Hartree-Fock relativistic calculations. Stark widths for 122 lines of Pb III arising from 5d 10 6s np (n = 6,7,8), 5d 10 6s ns (n = 7,8,9) and 5d 10 6s nd (n = 6,7) configurations have been calculated in this way. Stark widths and shifts are presented as a function of temperature for an electron density of 10 17 cm -3 . Our results are compared with available experimental data. These atomic data are relevant to the analysis of isotopic abundances of Pb III found in the atmospheres of the star Χ Lupy and several subdwarf B and OB stars.
ICCD Speckle Observations of Binary Stars. XXII. A Survey of Wolf-Rayet Starsfor Close Visual Companions

We present the results of a speckle interferometric survey for close visual companions, mainly among 29 of the apparently brightest Wolf-Rayet (W-R) stars. Only one target, WR 48 = θ Mus, was resolved as a close astrometric binary (with a separation of 46 ± 9 mas). This system is probably a triple comprising a short-period W-R binary plus a distant O supergiant companion. Although our binary detection fraction is low, it is not an unexpected result given the selection effects that militate against easy detection of binaries. New, higher resolution observations will almost certainly increase the fraction of binaries. There are four known binaries among the six W-R stars in our sample that have nonthermal radio emission, and this connection supports the idea that the nonthermal emission originates in the wind-wind collision between components.
A note on the large time asymptotics for a system of Klein-Gordon equations

We study the asymptotic behavior of the solution in the large time for the system {(□ + m 2 1 )u 1 = 0 (□ + m 2 2 )u 2 = 0 (□ + m 2 3 )u 3 = u 1 u 2 in two space dimensions. We prove the existence of a solution whose amplitude is modulated by the long range effect when m 3 = λ 1 m 1 + λ 2 m 2 for some λ 1 , λ 2 ∈ {′1}.
Low-dose interleukin-2 therapy: a promising targeted therapeutic approach for systemic lupus erythematosus

Purpose of review Low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy is increasingly recognized as a promising novel therapeutic concept in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, in particular in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As IL-2 is indispensable for the growth and survival of regulatory T cells (Treg), deficiency of this regulatory cytokine plays a significant role in immune dysregulation and breach of tolerance in SLE. Recovery of Treg activity by low-dose IL-2 therapy directly interferes with the immune pathology in SLE and thus can be considered a targeted treatment approach with a unique and physiological mode of action. Recent findings In this review, the pathophysiological rationales behind the concept of low-dose IL-2 therapy in SLE will be explained and major advances in translational research and the clinical development of low-dose IL-2 therapy focusing on the results from two recent, randomized and placebo-controlled phase 2 trials will be highlighted. Summary Several clinical studies including two recent randomized trials have proven the very good safety profile of low-dose IL-2 therapy and its capability to selectively recover and expand the Treg population in patients with active SLE. Given the emerging evidence for the clinical potential of low-dose IL-2 therapy in SLE, these studies strongly confirm the pathophysiological concept behind this targeted therapeutic approach in SLE and provide a robust basis for establishing further in-depth and confirmatory clinical trials testing the application of low-dose IL-2 in SLE and other autoimmune diseases.
Thermopower of a Layered Perovskite Superconductor, Sr2RuO4

Thermopower of a layered perovskite superconductor, Sr 2 RuO 4 , is studied. The magnitude of the thermopower in the conducting plane is about 29 µ V· K -1 at 300 K. Above 4.2 K thermopower increases almost linearly with temperature, and it tends to saturate at high temperature. Thermopower is positive in the measured temperature range. The temperature derivative of thermopower shows a sharp change at about 20 K where no anomaly has been reported for other physical properties of Sr 2 RuO 4 .
An efficient technique to calculate the normalized wave functions in arbitrary one-dimensional quantum well structures

We present a simple yet unified technique to calculate: (i) the eigenenergies and the normalized eigenstates in quantum wells, (ii) the energy broadened spatially varying density-of-states in leaky quantum wells where the particle lifetime is finite, and (iii) the energy position dependent density-of-states in quantum wells where phase-breaking and/or inelastic scattering processes are present. The method is based on the Green’s function formalism. The method is particularly attractive in numerical calculations of multibarrier devices in which the estimation of the self-consistent potential is desired.
The chemotherapeutic activity of areca nut extract increased stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in 4-nutriquinoline-1-oxide-tumor-induced Sprague-Dawley rats

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common oral cancers with a high mortality rate. The biodiversity source in Indonesia makes areca nut a potential antioxidant in treating disease. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the chemotherapeutic effect of areca nut extract in 4-nutriquinoline-1-oxide (NQO)-tumor-induced rats. Methods: Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 served as the control group, group 2 was 4NQO-induced rats without treatment, and groups 3 and 4 were given 4NQO-tumor inducer with 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW of areca nut extract, respectively. The rats in groups 2,3, and 4 received 30 ppm of 4NQO tumor inducer in drinking water for 12 weeks. In the end, all rats were euthanized and the tongue was removed. The body, liver, kidney, heart, and lungs weights were measured. Tongue tumor volume and dysplasia lesions were analyzed. The tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor and stromal area were scored semi-quantitatively associating the infiltrate grade (0-3) and analyzed histologically. Results: There were significant differences in body weight loss between the initial and final phases in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). The areca nut at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW significantly reduced the tumor size compared with groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). The incidence of OSCC in rats with 500 and 1000 mg/kg BW of areca nut extract after 22 weeks was 0%, but the dysplasia lesions were observed at 28.57% and 85.71%, respectively. The highest mean of stromal TILs was in group 3 and there were significant differences in stromal TILs between groups 2 and 3 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Areca nut extract exerts a chemotherapeutic activity in 4NQO-induced rats by inducing infiltrating lymphocytes in the stromal tumor area on the OSCC lesion of the tongue.
The Temporal Evolution and Spatial Structure of the Local Easterly Wind ''Kiyokawa-dashi'' in Japan PART II: Numerical Simulations

A numerical simulation of the strong southeasterly (SE) "Kiyokawa-dashi" wind in Yamagata, Japan on August 30, 2004, is examined and compared to the Coherent Doppler Lidar (CDL) observation. Three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed using a non-hydrostatic meso-scale model developed by the Japan Meteorological Agency. The sensitivity of the numerical simulation was examined with respect to the resolution of the horizontal and vertical grid, surface roughness, and ground surface temperature. For the case of a 1-km grid with 85 vertical layers including realistic surface settings, the observed characteristics of Kiyokawa-dashi were well reproduced: the strong SE wind (10 m s -1 ) was extremely low, about 0.1-0.5 km AGL, and the maximum wind speed over 12 m s -1 was observed at 0.1-0.2 km, AGL, under the low-level stable layer. Strong winds appeared at the foot of the final lee slope facing the Shonai Plain and 1 km south of the valley; this result was in good agreement with the CDL observation. On the basis of the stream line analysis, Kiyokawa-dashi was strongly affected by the upper SE wind, i.e., upper air on the eastern side of the mountains blew down to the middle and lower layer on the western side. The strongest wind field located 1 km south of the valley was affected by the mountain at the southwestern end of the valley. It was observed from the sensitivity experiments that the height of the jet-like flow was found to be closely related to the low-level stable layer, and the critical layer was not very important in reinforcing the low-level SE wind. This case of Kiyokawa-dashi was explained on the basis of the hydraulic theory.
A comparison between joint regression analysis and the AMMI model: a case study with barley

Joint regression analysis (JRA) and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) models are compared in order to (i) access the ability of describing a genotype by environment interaction effects and (ii) evaluate the agreement between the winners of mega-environments obtained from the AMMI analysis and the genotypes in the upper contour of the JRA. An iterative algorithm is used to obtain the environmental indexes for JRA, and standard multiple comparison procedures are adapted for genotype comparison and selection. This study includes three data sets from a spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding programme carried out between 2004 and 2006 in Czech Republic. The results from both techniques are integrated in order to advise plant breeders, farmers and agronomists for better genotype selection and prediction for new years and/or new environments.
Relationality of Objective and Constructive Authenticities: Effects on Existential Authenticity, Memorability, and Satisfaction

This study sheds new light on the importance of perceived object-related authenticity for a positive tourism experience. We used a novel method of categorizing tourists based on their objective and constructive authenticity perceptions. The authors hypothesized that authenticity perception type would affect tourists’ positive experiences more than other factors. Specifically, differences among authenticity perception types in existential authenticity, satisfaction, and memorability scores were investigated using on-site surveys. The effect was empirically tested in settings with conflicting characteristics: original and re-created heritage sites in South Korea. The results suggest that tourists had more existentially authentic, satisfactory, and memorable experiences when they perceived the site as more objectively authentic. This had a greater impact on positive experience than setting and authenticity orientations. This study makes theoretical contributions by uncovering the relationality of objective and constructive authenticities, which also has implications for practitioners, as it significantly and positively contributes to tourists’ experiences.
Proton trajectories and electric fields in a laser-accelerated focused proton beam

The focusing properties of a laser generated proton beam have been investigated using hemispherical targets in both freestanding and enclosed cone-shaped geometries. The proton trajectories and focusing were strongly affected by the electric fields in the beam, bending the trajectories near the axis. In the cone targets, a sheath field effectively channels the proton beam through the open cone tip, substantially improving the beam focusing from ≈90 μm to ≈55 μm diameter for protons with energies >3 MeV. The proton generation and focusing were modeled using 2D hybrid particle-in-cell simulations, which compared well with the experimental results. Simulations predict further improvement in focusing with more uniform target illumination. These results are of significant interest to proton fast ignition and other high energy density physics applications.