Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stability enhancement of output for a class of linear parabolic systems

In regular state stabilization of a class of linear parabolic systems, the number of the sensors wk and the actuators hk are required to be greater than or equal to the maximum of the multiplicities of the unstable eigenvalues. In this paper, we ask what control theoretic results we can establish with smaller numbers of wk and hk. The enhancement of stability of output or the output stabilization, a concept weaker than regular state stabilization, gives an answer to the question. Conditions of a fairly different nature than those for regular state stabilization appear; these are the rank conditions of the products of the observability and controllability matrices. The result is applied to a parabolic system with boundary observation/control via two different approaches.
Time Dependence and Moments of a Family of Time‐Varying Parameter Garch in Mean Models

Abstract. In this paper we consider the time series dependence, stationarity, and higher moments issues of a family of first‐order conditionally heteroskedastic in mean models with a possibly time‐varying mean parameter. The interest in these models lies in the fact that economic theory and physics often require the connection between the first and second conditional moments of time series. Our results reveal important properties of these models, which are consistent with stylized facts in financial and turbulence data sets. They can also be employed for model identification, estimation, and testing.
Vascular and Neural Response to Focal Vibration, Sensory Feedback, and Piezo Ion Channel Signaling

Focal vibration therapy seeks to restore the physiological function of tissues and the nervous system. Recommendations for vibration settings, e.g., that could improve residual limb health and prosthesis acceptance in people with amputation, are pending. To establish a physiological connection between focal vibration settings, clinical outcomes, and molecular and neuronal mechanisms, we combined the literature on focal vibration therapy, vibrotactile feedback, mechanosensitive Piezo ion channels, touch, proprioception, neuromodulation, and the recovery of blood vessels and nerves. In summary, intermittent focal vibration increases endothelial shear stress when applied superficially to blood vessels and tissues and triggers Piezo1 signaling, supporting the repair and formation of blood vessels and nerves. Conversely, stimulating Piezo1 in peripheral axon growth cones could reduce the growth of painful neuromas. Vibrotactile feedback also creates sensory inputs to the motor cortex, predominantly through Piezo2-related channels, and modulates sensory signals in the dorsal horn and ascending arousal system. Thus, sensory feedback supports physiological recovery from maladaptations and can alleviate phantom pain and promote body awareness and physical activity. We recommend focal vibration of phantom limb maps with frequencies from ~60–120 Hz and amplitudes up to 1 mm to positively affect motor control, locomotion, pain, nerves, and blood vessels while avoiding adverse effects.
Electronic and crystal structure of NiTi martensite

All of the first-principles electronic-structure calculations for the martensitic structure of NiTi have used the experimental atomic parameters reported by Michal and Sinclair [Acta Crystallogr. , Sect. B: Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem. {bold B37}, 1803 (1981)]. We have used first-principles, full-potential, linear muffin-tin orbital calculations to examine the total energy of all the experimental martensitic structures reported in the literature. We find that another crystal structure, that of Kudoh {ital et al.} [Acta Metall. Mater. {bold 33}, 2049 (1985)], has the lowest total energy at zero temperature. Ground-state and formation energies were calculated for all of the experimental structures. Total and local densities of states were calculated and compared with each other for the structures of both Kudoh {ital et al.} and Michal and Sinclair thinsp {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
One-Dimensional Tiling Semigroups and Factorial Languages

In this article, we investigate some further properties of one-dimensional tiling semigroups as a particular case of the inverse semigroup associated with a factorial language. Namely, a presentation for the semigroup and its description as a P*-semigroup are obtained. Since both cons-truc-tions rely on the language, these properties highlight the deep connection between the semigroup and the language associated with a one-dimensional tiling semigroup.
Generic Torelli theorem for one-parameter mirror families to weighted hypersurfaces

One-parameter mirror families to weighted hypersurfaces are already constructed and well studied. A generic Torelli theorem for quintic-mirror family is proved by Sampei Usui. In this article, we give the proof of a generic Torelli theorem for the other families after Usui's proof for quintic-mirror family.
An algorithm for finite element analysis of partly wrinkled membranes

A generalization and numerical implementation is presented of the Stein-Hedgepeth (1961) continuum theory for the analysis of partly wrinkled membranes, such as the tensioned membrane surfaces which are found in spacecraft structural components. The approach has its basis in experimental observations showing that when wrinkles develop in a membrane parallel to the x direction, the associated overall contraction in the y direction exceeds that predicted by the Poisson's ratio effect.
The Role of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in Diagnosis and Treatment of Epilepsy, Depression, Schizophrenia, Anorexia Nervosa and Alzheimer’s Disease as Highly Drug-Resistant Diseases: A Narrative Review

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) belongs to the family of neurotrophins, which are growth factors with trophic effects on neurons. BDNF is the most widely distributed neurotrophin in the central nervous system (CNS) and is highly expressed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. Its distribution outside the CNS has also been demonstrated, but most studies have focused on its effects in neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite the advances in medicine in recent decades, neurological and psychiatric diseases are still characterized by high drug resistance. This review focuses on the use of BDNF in the developmental assessment, treatment monitoring, and pharmacotherapy of selected diseases, with a particular emphasis on epilepsy, depression, anorexia, obesity, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer’s disease. The limitations of using a molecule with such a wide distribution range and inconsistent method of determination are also highlighted.
Designs for W-band free-electron masers

Theoretical analyses of high power W-band (i.e., /spl ap/94 GHz) free-electron maser amplifiers are presented for a helical wiggler/cylindrical waveguide configuration using the three-dimensional slow-time-scale ARACHNE simulation code (Freund and Antonsen, 1996). The geometry treated by ARACHNE is that of an electron beam propagating through the cylindrical waveguide subject to a helical wiggler and an axial guide magnetic field. Two configurations are discussed. The first is the case of a reversed-guide field geometry where the guide field is oriented antiparallel to the helicity of the wiggler field. Using a 330 kV/20 A electron beam, efficiencies of the order of 7% are calculated with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) bandwidth of 5 GHz. The second example employs a strong guide field of 20 kG oriented parallel to the helicity of the wiggler. Here, efficiencies of greater than 8% are possible with a FWHM bandwidth of 4.5 GHz using a 300 kV/20 A electron beam. A normalized emittance of 95 mm mrad is assumed in both cases, and no beam losses are observed for either case. Both cases assume interaction with the fundamental TE/sub 11/ mode, which has acceptably low losses in the W band.
Magnetic anisotropy in metallic multilayers

Ferromagnetic materials exhibit intrinsic `easy' and `hard' directions of the magnetization. This magnetic anisotropy is, from both a technological and fundamental viewpoint one of the most important properties of magnetic materials. The magnetic anisotropy in metallic magnetic multilayers forms the subject of this review article. As individual layers in a multilayer stack become thinner, the role of interfaces and surfaces may dominate that of the bulk: this is the case in many magnetic multilayers, where a perpendicular interface contribution to the magnetic anisotropy is capable of rotating the easy magnetization direction from in the film plane to perpendicular to the film plane. In this review, we show that the (in-plane) volume and (perpendicular) interface contribution to the magnetic anisotropy have been separated into terms related to mechanical stresses, crystallographic structure and the planar shape of the films. In addition, the effect of roughness, often inherent to the deposition techniques used, has been addressed theoretically. Several techniques to prepare multilayers and to characterize their growth as well as methods to determine the magnetic anisotropy are discussed. A comprehensive survey of experimental studies on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in metallic multilayers containing Fe, Co or Ni is presented and commented on. Two major subjects of this review are the extrinsic effects of strain, roughness and interdiffusion and the intrinsic effect of the crystallographic orientation on the magnetic anisotropy. Both effects are investigated with the help of some dedicated experimental studies. The results of the orientational dependence studies are compared with ab initio calculations. Finally, the perpendicular surface anisotropy and the in-plane step anisotropy are discussed.
On the measurement of the relative viscosity of suspensions

The relative viscosity of a suspension of rigid, noncolloidal particles immersed in a Newtonian fluid was measured in a Couette device and was found to be shear thinning even for values of the solids fraction as low as 20%. Although such behavior was reported previously, no satisfactory explanation appears to have been given thus far. It shall be shown presently, however, that, at least for our systems, this shear‐thinning effect was due to a slight mismatch in the densities of the two phases. Moreover, the apparent relative viscosities measured in our apparatus were found to be in excellent agreement with those predicted theoretically using a model, originally proposed by Leighton and Acrivos [Chem. Eng. Sci. 41, 1377–1384 (1986)], to describe viscous resuspension, according to which the measured relative viscosity should depend on the bulk particle concentration and on the dimensionless Shields number A, and should attain its correct value for a well‐mixed suspension only as A→∞. The predictions of this.
Analysis of a coupled problem: the FELIX cantilevered beam

A coupling between the eddy currents and beam deflection of the FELIX cantilevered beam is analyzed using the stream function, Biot-Savart's law and eigenfunction-expansion method. Computed results agree well with experimental results obtained at the Argonne National Laboratory as well with results obtained using the network mesh method. The problem considered is one of the benchmark problems defined by the TEAM Workshop. >
Operative and Pathological Factors in Right-Sided Colon Cancers: How Can We Improve the Outcomes?

Introduction: Though the tumour-node-metastasis staging classification is the standard approach to risk stratification in patients with colorectal cancer, several other important variables including the presence of extramural venous invasion (EMVI), the tumour mismatch repair status, as well as surgical technique and its influence on lymph node yield all have an impact on long-term survival. This study aims to review both the impact of the type of operation on lymph node yield: complete mesocolic excision (CME) versus right hemicolectomy, and the impact of EMVI and microsatellite instability in predicting overall survival in patients undergoing a right hemicolectomy for colon cancer. Methods: Data of all patients who underwent an elective or emergency right hemicolectomy with curative intent for colon cancer between January 2013 and June 2022 (inclusive) was collected for this single-centre retrospective study. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were calculated using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 28, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) software, and the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test was used to compare survival distribution between different groups. Results: A total of 421 patients underwent a right hemicolectomy for colon cancer with curative intent during the study period. EMVI was present in 173 (41%) tumours. Survival analysis showed significantly reduced cancer-related survival in patients with EMVI-positive tumours (p < 0.001), with five-year survival rates of 70% in EMVI-positive groups versus 96% in EMVI-negative groups. Subgroup analysis showed a significant difference in survival between node-positive and node-negative tumours in cancers found to have EMVI (p < 0.001). Mean lymph node yield was significantly higher in the CME group versus the standard right hemicolectomy group (p < 0.001). We found no significant difference in survival between patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) tumours and microsatellite stable (MSS) tumours (p = 0.432). Conclusion: Consideration of tumour biology and adopting the optimum surgical technique are factors that may influence long-term survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Extramural venous invasion is an important prognostic indicator of adverse outcomes in patients with right-sided colon cancer. Our study demonstrates a reduction in survival in patients with EMVI-positive tumours when undertaking subgroup analysis by the presence or absence of nodal disease. Further research needs to be undertaken to compare the relative efficacy of neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemotherapy in right-sided cancers known to be EMVI-positive as some patients will fail to have adjuvant chemotherapy due to postoperative complications, thereby delaying recovery and missing the optimum window for treatment.
The impact of daylight saving time in Mexico

ABSTRACT We analyse the effect of Daylight Saving Time (DST) on automobile, acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) and crime-related fatalities in Mexico from 1998 to 2018. We rely on a regression discontinuity approach to obtain the causal impact of DST on these three causes of mortality. We find an increase in automobile fatalities of 13% −14% during the fall and spring transitions. Automobile fatalities increase 27% in urban areas during the fall transition and 18% in rural areas for spring. Crime-related fatalities increase 16% for the whole country, 13% in urban areas and 16% in rural areas in the fall transition and 2% in rural areas in the spring transition. The only impact on AMI fatalities that we find is a small increase in urban areas during the spring transition. In general, our results estimate an increase of about 100 more deaths per year due to DST, which translates into a monetary cost of about $22 million U.S. dollars per year.
Technical Reports: Methods—The Application of Temperature and Light Intensity as Intermittency Sensors in a Temporary Pond

As climate change progresses, hydrological regimes of temporary and perennial water bodies are projected to change, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Researchers have successfully employed the use of satellite imagery, camera traps and site visits to map these changes in hydrological regimes. Data loggers of conductivity have also been used in mapping hydrological regimes, but the use of data loggers of temperature and light intensity is uncommon. Using validated data of 213 days of the aquatic and terrestrial phases of a temporary pond, we show that metrics of temperature and light intensity can be used to discern hydrological state. The aquatic phase had lower measures of both parameters when compared to the terrestrial phase. This was attributed to the high specific heat of the aquatic environment and the absorption and redirection of light in water. The most powerful metrics in discerning hydrological state were diel temperature range, diel maximum temperature and light intensity standard deviation. Greater distinctive power was obtained through the use of multiple metrics of the parameters. In addition, key events such as flooding and drying were identifiable within metrics of both parameters. High‐resolution temperature and light intensity data are able to aid in understanding the dynamics of hydrological state and can be used to monitor ecosystem functions amid changes in temporary and perennial water bodies.
The intersections of postcolonialism, postsecularism, and literary studies: Potentials, limitations, bibliographies

ABSTRACT This article presents some features, potentials, limitations, and bibliographies of the intersection of postcolonialism, postsecularism, and literary studies. It examines literatures, cultures, religions, indigenous beliefs and practices, and political imaginaries from Africa, Europe, and South Asia. The religions discussed include Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Sikhism. The article shows how the institutional and discursive emergence of postcolonial postsecularism, including its intersection with literary studies, can draw lessons from similarly contestatory fields of study, such as postcolonial theory, postcolonial feminism, and intersectional feminism. The article includes bibliographies of literary works that address secularism and postsecularism, including their intersection with postcoloniality.
Sand Plasticity Model Accounting for Inherent Fabric Anisotropy

A sand plasticity constitutive model is presented herein, which accounts for the effect of inherent fabric anisotropy on the mechanical response. The anisotropy associated with particles’ orientation distribution, is represented by a second-order symmetric fabric tensor, and its effect is quantified via a scalar-valued anisotropic state variable, \iA. \iA is defined as the first joint isotropic invariant of the fabric tensor and a properly defined loading direction tensor, scaled by a function of a corresponding Lode angle. The hardening plastic modulus and the location of the critical state line in the void ratio—mean effective stress space, on which the dilatancy depends, are made functions of \iA. The incorporation of this dependence on \iA in a pre-existing stress-ratio driven, bounding surface plasticity constitutive model, achieves successful simulations of test results on sand for a wide variation of densities, pressures, loading manners, and directions. In particular, the drastic difference in material response observed experimentally for different directions of the principal stress axes with respect to the anisotropy axes, is well simulated by the model. The proposed definition and use of \iA has generic value, and can be incorporated in a large number of other constitutive models in order to account for inherent fabric anisotropy effects.
Identification of Pre-Renal and Intrinsic Acute Kidney Injury by Anamnestic and Biochemical Criteria: Distinct Association with Urinary Injury Biomarkers

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome of sudden renal excretory dysfunction with severe health consequences. AKI etiology influences prognosis, with pre-renal showing a more favorable evolution than intrinsic AKI. Because the international diagnostic criteria (i.e., based on plasma creatinine) provide no etiological distinction, anamnestic and additional biochemical criteria complement AKI diagnosis. Traditional, etiology-defining biochemical parameters, including the fractional excretion of sodium, the urinary-to-plasma creatinine ratio and the renal failure index are individually limited by confounding factors such as diuretics. To minimize distortion, we generated a composite biochemical criterion based on the congruency of at least two of the three biochemical ratios. Patients showing at least two ratios indicative of intrinsic AKI were classified within this category, and those with at least two pre-renal ratios were considered as pre-renal AKI patients. In this study, we demonstrate that the identification of intrinsic AKI by a collection of urinary injury biomarkers reflective of tubular damage, including NGAL and KIM-1, more closely and robustly coincide with the biochemical than with the anamnestic classification. Because there is no gold standard method for the etiological classification of AKI, the mutual reinforcement provided by the biochemical criterion and urinary biomarkers supports an etiological diagnosis based on objective diagnostic parameters.
Investigation of the Neuroprotective Action of Japanese Sake Yeast on Dementia Type of Alzheimer Disease in Rats: Behavioral and Neurobiochemical Assessment

Dementia involves several factors, and it is required to administer an agent with several efficiencies for its treatment. Sake is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and improves the serum concentration of BDNF. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective action of Japanese sake yeast on dementia of the Alzheimer disease type in rats by behavioral evaluation and neurobiochemical assessment. The rats were grouped as non-Alzheimer rats (control rats) and Alzheimer rats administrated with 0 (AD), 10 (10-AD), 20 (20-AD), 30 (30-AD), and 40 mg/kg (40-AD) of sake. Anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors, the concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), malondialdehyde (MDA), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were evaluated. The expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were assessed. The results showed that Alzheimer disease caused anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors (p = 0.000), decreased the concentrations of BDNF (p = 0.000) and FRAP (p = 0.000), increased the concentration of MDA (p = 0.000), and increased the expressions of IL-1β (p = 0.000), TNF-α (p = 0.000), and IL-6 (p = 0.000). The results showed that oral gavage of sake in higher doses decreased anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors (p = 0.000), increased the concentrations of BDNF (p = 0.000) and FRAP (p = 0.000), and reduced the concentration of MDA (p = 0.000) and the expressions of IL-1β (p = 0.000), TNF-α (p = 0.000), and IL-6 (p = 0.000). In sum, Japanese sake yeast can have roles in treating dementia of the Alzheimer disease type, but its mechanisms must be assessed in future studies.