Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Application of Population Pharmacokinetic Models for Identifying Delayed Methotrexate Elimination in Patients With Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

Objective: Several population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models have been developed to determine the sources of methotrexate (MTX) PK variability. It remains unknown if these published models are precise enough for use or if a new model needs to be built. The aims of this study were to 1) assess the predictability of published models and 2) analyze the potential risk factors for delayed MTX elimination. Methods: A total of 1458 MTX plasma concentrations, including 377 courses (1–17 per patient), were collected from 77 patients who were receiving high-dose MTX for the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma in Huashan Hospital. PopPK analysis was performed using the NONMEM® software package. Previously published popPK models were selected and rebuilt. A new popPK model was then constructed to screen potential covariates using a stepwise approach. The covariates were included based on the combination of theoretical mechanisms and data properties. Goodness-of-fit plots, bootstrap, and prediction- and simulation-based diagnostics were used to determine the stability and predictive performance of both the published and newly built models. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to qualify the influence of risk factors on the incidence of delayed elimination. Results: Among the eight evaluated published models, none presented acceptable values of bias or inaccuracy. A two-compartment model was employed in the newly built model to describe the PK of MTX. The estimated mean clearance (CL/F) was 4.91 L h−1 (relative standard error: 3.7%). Creatinine clearance, albumin, and age were identified as covariates of MTX CL/F. The median and median absolute prediction errors of the final model were -10.2 and 36.4%, respectively. Results of goodness-of-fit plots, bootstrap, and prediction-corrected visual predictive checks indicated the high predictability of the final model. Conclusions: Current published models are not sufficiently reliable for cross-center use. The elderly patients and those with renal dysfunction, hypoalbuminemia are at higher risk of delayed elimination.
Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of a One-Dimensional Transient Entrained-flow GEE/Texaco Coal Gasifier

Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of a One-Dimensional Transient Entrained-flow GEE/Texaco Coal Gasifier Job S. Kasule Numerous gasifier models of varying complexity have been developed to study the various aspects of gasifier performance. These range from simple one-dimensional (1D) models to rigorous higher order 3D models based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Even though high-fidelity CFD models can accurately predict many key aspects of gasifier performance, they are computationally expensive and typically take hours to days to execute even on highperformance computers. Therefore, faster 1D partial differential equation (PDE)-based models are required for use in dynamic simulation studies, control system analysis, and training applications. In the current study, a 1D transient model of a single-stage downward-firing entrained flow General Electric Energy (GEE)/Texaco-type gasifier has been developed. The model comprises mass, momentum and energy balances for the gas and solid phases. A detailed energy balance across the wall of the gasifier has been incorporated in the model to calculate the wall temperature profile along the gasifier length. This balance considers a detailed radiative transfer model with variable view factors between the various surfaces of the gasifier and with the solid particles. The model considers the initial gasification processes of water evaporation and coal devolatilization. In addition, the key heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical reactions have been modeled. The resulting time-dependent PDE model is solved using the method of lines in Aspen Custom Modeler®, whereby the PDEs are discretized in the spatial domain and the resulting differential algebraic equations (DAEs) are then integrated over time using a variable step integrator. Results from the steady-state model and parametric studies have been presented. These results include the gas, solid, and wall temperature profiles, concentrations profiles of the solid and gas species, effects of the oxygen-to-coal ratio and water-to-coal ratio on temperature, conversion, cold gas efficiency, and species compositions. In addition, the dynamic response of the gasifier to the disturbances commonly encountered in real-life is presented. These disturbances include ramp and step changes in input variables such as coal flow rate, oxygen-tocoal ratio, and water-to-coal ratio among others. The results from the steady-state and dynamic models compare very well with the data from pilot plants, operating plants, and previous studies.
Acoustic characterization of ultrasound contrast microbubbles and echogenic liposomes: applications to imaging and drug-delivery

Micronto nanometer sized ultrasound agents, like encapsulated microbubbles and echogenic liposomes, are being actively developed for possible clinical implementations in diagnostic imaging and ultrasound mediated drug/gene delivery. Contrast microbubbles (1-10 micron in diameter) contain a low solubility gaseous core stabilized by an encapsulation made of lipids/proteins/polymers/surfactants. Echogenic liposomes (ELIPs), which combine the advantages of liposomes such as biocompatibility and ability to encapsulate both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs with a strong reflection of ultrasound, are also excellent candidates for concurrent ultrasound imaging and drug delivery applications. The primary objective of this thesis is to characterize the acoustic behavior and the ultrasound-mediated content release of these contrast agents for developing multi-functional ultrasound contrast agents. The first part of this thesis reports the investigation of encapsulated microbubbles utilized as ultrasound contrast agents, whereas the second part reports the experimental characterizations of echogenic liposomes (ELIPs) and echogenic polymersomes. Contrast microbubbles are nonlinear systems capable of generating a subharmonic response i.e., response at half the excitation frequency, which can improve image quality by providing a higher signal to noise ratio. However, design and development of contrast microbubbles with favorable subharmonic behavior requires accurate mathematical models capable of predicting their nonlinear dynamics. To this goal, ‘strainsoftening’ viscoelastic interfacial models of the encapsulation were developed and subsequently utilized to formulate a modified form of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation to model the nonlinear dynamics of these encapsulated microbubbles. A hierarchical twopronged approach of modeling — a model is applied to one set of experimental data to obtain the model parameters (material characterization), and then the model is
CORRELATION BETWEEN MATERNAL FACTOR AND STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN OF 6-12 MONTHS OLD IN CENTRAL LOMBOK Hubungan Faktor Maternal Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Pada Anak Usia 6-12 Bulan di Lombok Tengah

Published online: March, 1, 2022 ABSTRACT Background: Stunting is a child growth and development disorder that has been one of the nutritional problem in children living in developing countries until now. Maternal factor might be one of the risk factors of stunting. Method: This was an analytical observational study with cross sectional design that aimed to identify the correlation between the maternal factor and stunting, especially in children aged 6-12 months in 3 villages in Central Lombok. Result: There were 21,9% (33 of 151) of children suffering from stunting. Based on the maternal factor in stunting children, there were 6,1% of mothers who had low body mass index (BMI), 27,3% of mothers who had low arm circumference, 61% of mothers who had low weight gain during the pregnancy, and 39,4% of mothers who had height <150 cm. Maternal height was the only factor that significantly associated to the incidence of stunting (p = 0.044, OR = 2.3). Conclusion: Based on analysis of several maternal factors, there is a significant correlation between mother’s height and stunting (p<0,05 and OR=2,3).
The Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with VST. VI. Optical properties of the dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster

The Fornax Deep Survey Dwarf galaxy Catalog (FDSDC) includes 564 dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster and the in-falling Fornax A subgroup. We use the FDSDC galaxies for statistical analysis of the structural and stellar population differences in the range of galactic environments within the Fornax cluster. We present the standard scaling relations for the dwarfs and analyze trends as a function of cluster-centric radius. We find a different behavior for the bright dwarfs (-18.5 mag-16 mag): While considering galaxies in the same magnitude-bins, we find that, while for fainter dwarfs the g'-r' color is redder for lower surface brightness objects (as expected from fading stellar populations), for brighter dwarfs the color is redder for the higher surface brightness and higher S\'ersic n objects. The trend of the bright dwarfs might be explained by those galaxies being affected by harassment and by slower quenching of star formation in their inner parts. As the fraction of early-type dwarfs with respect to late-types increases toward the central parts of the cluster, the color-surface brightness trends are also manifested in the cluster-centric trends, confirming that it is indeed the environment that changes the galaxies. We also estimate the strengths of the ram-pressure stripping, tidal disruption, and harassment in the Fornax cluster, and find that our observations are consistent with the theoretically expected ranges of galaxy properties where each of those mechanisms dominate. We furthermore find that the luminosity function, color-magnitude relation, and axis-ratio distribution of the dwarfs in the center of the Fornax cluster are similar to those in the center of the Virgo cluster.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROP (6-n-PROPYLTHIOURACIL) TASTER STATUS AND PREFERENCE FOR DIFFERENT TASTE FOOD GROUPS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

It is reported by many studies that supertasters are highly sensitive towards strong taste such as bitter, and therefore had a lower preference for those foods. However, whether the findings apply to all cultures is still debated. The study on the Malaysian population regarding their PROP status is scarce. Thus, we carried out a study to determine whether 6-npropylthiouracil (PROP) sensitivity status affects the food preference among university students in Kelantan, Malaysia. PROP taster status was determined using PROP test paper and food preference was determined using a questionnaire. The results indicated that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the food preference between supertasters, medium tasters, and non-tasters except for jelly, dark chocolate, and plain tea. Contrary to popular belief that PROP taster status was negatively associated with a bitter taste, the present study found a positive correlation between PROP scores and few foods from the bitter food group (bitter gourd, dark chocolate, and plain tea) and also sweet food group (chocolate cake and chocolate spread). This indicates that the genetic factor that is associated with PROP sensitivity does not play important role in determining the food preference among Malaysians. Instead, other factors such as culture and environment could be more influential in defining the way Malaysians select their foods.
Users Can Deduce Sensitive Locations Protected by Privacy Zones on Fitness Tracking Apps

Fitness tracking applications allow athletes to record and share their exercises online, including GPS routes of their activities. However, sharing mobility data potentially raises real-world privacy and safety risks. One strategy to mitigate that risk is a “Privacy Zone,” which conceals portions of the exercise routes that fall within a certain radius of a user-designated sensitive location. A pressing concern is whether privacy zones are an effective deterrent against common attackers, such as a bike thief that carefully scrutinizes online exercise activities in search of their next target. Further, little is known about user perceptions of privacy zones or how they fit into the broader landscape of available privacy precautions. This work presents an online user study (N=603) that investigates the privacy concerns of fitness tracking users and evaluates the efficacy of privacy zones. Participants were first asked about their privacy behaviors with respect to fitness tracking applications. Next, participants completed an interactive task in which they attempted to deduce hidden locations protected by a privacy zone; we manipulated the number of displayed exercise activities that interacted with the privacy zone, as well as its size. Finally, participants were asked further questions about their impressions of privacy zones and use of other privacy precautions. We found that participants successfully inferred protected locations; for the most common privacy zone size, 68% of guesses fell within 50 meters of the hidden location when participants were shown just 3 activities. Further, we found that participants who viewed 3 activities were more confident about their success in the task compared to participants who viewed 1 activity. Combined, these results indicate that users’ privacy-sensitive locations are at risk even when using a privacy zone. We conclude by considering the implications of our findings on related privacy features and discuss recommendations to fitness tracking users and services to improve the privacy and safety of fitness trackers.
Innovative Design of a Health Monitoring System and Its Implementation in a Complicated Long-Span Arch Bridge

AbstractThe implementation and operation of health monitoring systems in structures is an effective method of evaluating structural serviceability, reliability, safety, and integrity and providing economical maintenance and repair planning. This paper reports on an innovative structural health monitoring (SHM) system designed and permanently deployed on a complicated long-span arch bridge during its construction for the purpose of continuous performance monitoring throughout the bridge’s lifespan. The SHM system integrates several novel and practice-based concepts—i.e., life-cycle concerns for system design and implementation; newly designed high-performance sensors; flexible, modularized hardware and software; multilevel data management; multiscale condition evaluation; and reliable warning strategies. More than 300 sensors of 10 types are installed on the bridge with the aim of monitoring the environmental effects and structural responses. The innovative design and implementation of the monitoring syste.
VHRM_A_355410 105..112

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has brought out changes in our daily life and has caused severe morbidity and mortality across the globe. Especially, post covid complications may remain a threat to the patient’s life. It may also increase the burden on existing health infrastructure and the country’s economy. This disease affects the respiratory system and other organ systems of the body, such as the cardiovascular system. The aim of the present narrative review is to understand how COVID-19 infection deranges vascular homeostasis, leading to endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness in the acute phase and following infection. To this effect, definite keywords were employed to obtain relevant information using PubMed database and Google Scholar search engines. It was documented that preexisting cardiovascular disease enhances morbidity in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, an elevated risk of development of new onset cardiovascular events has also been reported. Even a small amount of myocardial injury was significantly associated with death. The presence of virus in myocardial cells has also been documented. Furthermore, endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness were documented in the acute phase and 3–4 weeks to 4 months after COVID infection. The virus enters endothelial cells by binding with ACE2 “receptor” on its surface and deranges cellular machinery. It results in reduced conversion of Ang II to Ang (1–7). Accumulated Ang II then activates PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and regulates endothelial activation and production of IL-6 and reactive oxygen species (ROS). An imbalance between renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and kallikrein kinin system (KKS) also occurs, which may cause endothelial dysfunction. It is understandable that the underlying pathophysiology of this altered arterial stiffness is multifactorial, involving various cellular and immunological biomolecules.
Comparison of the sensitivity of the BMO-MRW, GCC, ONH and RNFL methods in the diagnosis and treatment evaluation of juvenile glaucoma

H I G H L I G H T S The most sensitive method of the degree of nerve fiber damage in OCT studies in juvenile glaucoma is GCC. BMO-MRW is slightly less sensitive, but may be a valuable diagnostic method in early diagnosis and assessment of the progression of glaucoma lesions. ABSTRACT BMO-MRW is a new SOCT parameter that has been introduced in recent years in the diagnosis of glaucomatous damage to optic retinal nerve fibers on the optic disc. The aim of this study is to compare the sensitivity of this method with other methods used to evaluation of the retinal nerve fibres damage in patients with juvenile glaucoma. The study was conducted in 20 patients with juvenile glaucoma, aged 5–16 years. in all of them, the degree of retinal nerve fibers damage was measured using BMO-MRW, GCC, ONH and RNFL methods. The examinations were performed every 3 months during a 1.5-year follow-up of these patients. The results of these studies indicate that the most sensitive method of the degree of retinal nerve fibers damage in juvenile glaucoma is GCC and BMO-MRW, the less sensitive RNFL and at least sensitive is the ONH method.
Organizational Support, Communication Skills, and Job Satisfaction in the Learning Organizations

The purpose of this research was to determine the mediation effect of the organizational support provided to the administrators and teachers and their communication skills to their job satisfaction in the schools that are learning organizations at the same time. The participants of the research were composed of the school administrators and teachers and joined voluntarily to the research. In the research, the purposeful sampling method has been used. The research groups were composed of 300 administrators and teachers. This research is a study in the relational screening (survey) model. The research is both descriptive and explanatory in terms of its purpose because in the theoretical framework learning organizations, communication skills, organizational support, and job satisfaction have been addressed in all their parts and tried to be defined concerning all the various perspectives and approaches. In the research, the data were collected with a scale. According to the results of the research, it was not found statistically meaningful that the learning organization practices had a relationship/regression on the job satisfaction perceptions, and the organizational support provided to the administrators and teachers and their communication skills did not mediate to the job satisfaction in the educational organizations. Keywords: learning organizations, communication skills, organizational support, and job satisfaction
enChIP-Seq Analyzer: A Software Program to Analyze and Interpret enChIP-Seq Data for the Detection of Physical Interactions between Genomic Regions

Accumulating evidence suggests that the physical interactions between genomic regions play critical roles in the regulation of genome functions, such as transcription and epigenetic regulation. Various methods to detect the physical interactions between genomic regions have been developed. We recently developed a method to search for genomic regions interacting with a locus of interest in a non-biased manner that combines pull-down of the locus using engineered DNA-binding molecule-mediated chromatin immunoprecipitation (enChIP) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis (enChIP-Seq). The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system, consisting of a nuclease-dead form of Cas9 (dCas9) and a guide RNA (gRNA), or transcription activator-like (TAL) proteins, can be used for enChIP. In enChIP-Seq, it is necessary to compare multiple datasets of enChIP-Seq data to unambiguously detect specific interactions. However, it is not always easy to analyze enChIP-Seq datasets to subtract non-specific interactions or identify common interactions. To facilitate such analysis, we developed the enChIP-Seq analyzer software. It enables easy extraction of common signals as well as subtraction of non-specific signals observed in negative control samples, thereby streamlining extraction of specific enChIP-Seq signals. enChIP-Seq analyzer will help users analyze enChIP-Seq data and identify physical interactions between genomic regions.
Water Quality Chl-a Inversion Based on Spatio-Temporal Fusion and Convolutional Neural Network

The combination of remote sensing technology and traditional field sampling provides a convenient way to monitor inland water. However, limited by the resolution of remote sensing images and cloud contamination, the current water quality inversion products do not provide both high temporal resolution and high spatial resolution. By using the spatio-temporal fusion (STF) method, high spatial resolution and temporal fusion images were generated with Landsat, Sentinel-2, and GaoFen-2 data. Then, a Chl-a inversion model was designed based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) with the structure of 4-(136-236-340)-1-1. Finally, the results of the Chl-a concentrations were corrected using a pixel correction algorithm. The images generated from STF can maintain the spectral characteristics of the low-resolution images with the R2 between 0.7 and 0.9. The Chl-a inversion results based on the spatio-temporal fused images and CNN were verified with measured data (R2 = 0.803), and then the results were improved (R2 = 0.879) after further combining them with the pixel correction algorithm. The correlation R2 between the Chl-a results of GF2-like and Sentinel-2 were both greater than 0.8. The differences in the spatial distribution of Chl-a concentrations in the BYD lake gradually increased from July to August. Remote sensing water quality inversion based on STF and CNN can effectively achieve high frequency in time and fine resolution in space, which provide a stronger scientific basis for rapid diagnosis of eutrophication in inland lakes.
Status of bee keeping in Himachal Pradesh, India: A review

Beekeeping in Himachal Pradesh is very primitive. Indigenous beekeeping with Apis cerana is an integral part of the social and cultural heritage of rural and tribal communities. Comparative morphological studies have revealed that Himachali bees are smaller than Kashmiri bees. Beekeeping with Apis mellifera is migratory and it helps in increasing the honey production through exploitation of different bee flora thereby providing opportunity for overcoming unfavorable climatic conditions as well as attack of local bee enemies. Comparative studies have revealed that A. mellifera bees were very prone to stinging and were easily distributed as compared to A. cerana which were less excitable and could be safely handled. Major bee enemies of the state include Thai sac brood, Nosema, Europeon Foul Brood, ectoparasitic mites, Wasps, birds and bear. Plectranthus is one of the major honey flow flora for the winter months in Himachal Pradesh.