Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical simultation on impact behaviour of concrete

In this paper the numerical simulation of concrete specimens under high loading rates in tension is discussed. A brief description of the available data found in the literature is rst provided. The important observation is that an increment in strength increases as a function of the loading rate. Next, a description of the numerical model is given. This model, implemented in a Finite Element code, is based on a modi ed version of the classical Perzyna's viscoplastic model. The rst analysis is focused on the "setup" of the model by the simulation of many experimental results related to a wide strain rates range. The experiments on notched specimens tested at Delft University are examined. The conclusions are that the proposed model is able to describe the increase in strength due to the high loading rate but that more work is necessary in order to re ne the model. In particular more complex loading paths and geometries have to be studied.
Second Chinese National Registry of Catheter Ablation of Tachyarrhythmia

The Chinese national registry of radiofrequency catheter ablation of tachyarrhythmias included data from 134 hospitals over 3 years from January 1995. Ablation was used in 24,343 patients, with 97% success, 3.1% recurrence, 0.95% complications, and 0.02% mortality overall. Accessory pathway ablation was performed in 15,617 patients (64.2%) with atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (97% success, 2.8% recurrence, 1% complications). The 6,746 patients (27.7%) with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia underwent slow pathway ablation (98% success, 2.7% recurrence, 1% complications). Focal ablation in the right or left ventricle was attempted in 1,025 patients (4.2%) with idiopathic or organic ventricular tachycardia (87% success, 6.8% recurrence, 0.5% complications). The 419 patients with atrial tachycardia underwent atrial focal ablation (84% success, 9.9% recurrence, 0% complications). Focal or linear ablation of the isthmus was conducted in 366 patients with atrial flutter (89% success, 10% recurrence, 1.1% complications). Atrioventricular junction ablation was used for rate control in 170 patients with atrial fibrillation (99% success). Multiple atrial linear ablations for rhythm control were 56% successful. Success rates and incidence of complications depended on the type of tachyarrhythmia, and remained constant over the 3 years. Further improvements in technique are needed to improve success rates and decrease the incidence of complications.
The Change of Portal Hemodynamics before and after Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt according to Variceal Type: Gastric and Esophageal varix

Purpose: To investigate the changes occurring in portal hemodynamics in patients with esophageal and gastric varices, according to variceal type, before and after TIPS. Materials and Methods: Between January 1994 and June 1999, we evaluated 22 of 44 patients who had undergone TIPS and endoscopy on admission. In these 22, hepatic venous and main portal venous pressure were measured. On the basis of endoscpic findings, the esophageal and gastric varices were classified as one of three types. Changes in portal hemodynamics in relation to the diameter of the portal vein, mean portosystemic gradient before and after TIPS, MPSG, and the presence of hepatic encephalopathy and gastrorenal shunt were all evaluated. Results: Endoscopy indicated that there were ten Type-I cases, nine Type-II, and three Type-III. The diameter of the main portal vein was 14.95 1.79 mm in Type I cases, and 13.35 1.59 mm in Type II. Before TIPS, main portal venous pressure was 31.40 6.79 mmHg (Type I) and 22.80 4.26 mmHg (Type II), and the mean portosystemic gradient was 16.10 7.0 mmHg (Type I), and 11.20 5.36 mmHg (Type II). After TIPS, the pres-sure readings were 25.70 7.60 mmHg (Type I) and 17.80 6.52 mmHg (Type II), while those relating to were 10.80 4.94 mmHg (Type I) and 5.25 3.67 mmHg (Type II). MPSG was 6.04 2.98 mmHg (Type I) and 5.91 3.98 mmHg (Type II). Angiography revealed that the gastrorenal shunt was Type I in 10% of cases, Type II in 77%, and Type III in 33%. Hepatic encephalopathy after TIPS occured in three Type-I cases, three-Type- II, and two Type-III. Conclusion: The diameter of the main portal vein was significantly smaller, and portal venous pressure and mean portosystemic gradient before and after TIPS significantly lower in patients with dominant gastric varices than in those with dominant esophageal varices (p
The WAGGS project-III. Discrepant mass-to-light ratios of Galactic globular clusters at high metallicity

Observed mass-to-light ratios (M/L) of metal-rich globular clusters (GCs) disagree with theoretical predictions. This discrepancy is of fundamental importance since stellar population models provide the stellar masses that underpin most of extragalactic astronomy, near and far. We have derived radial velocities for 1,622 stars located in the centres of 59 Milky Way GCs - twelve of which have no previous kinematic information - using integral-field unit data from the WAGGS project. Using N-body models, we then determine dynamical masses and M/L ratios for the studied clusters. Our sample includes NGC 6528 and NGC 6553, which extend the metallicity range of GCs with measured M/L up to [Fe/H] ~ -0.1 dex. We find that metal-rich clusters have M/L more than two times lower than what is predicted by simple stellar population models. This confirms that the discrepant M/L-[Fe/H] relation remains a serious concern. We explore how our findings relate to previous observations, and the potential causes for the divergence, which we conclude is most likely due to dynamical effects.
Electrical transport properties of bulk tetragonal CuMnAs

Temperature-dependent resistivity and magnetoresistance are measured in bulk tetragonal phase of antiferromagnetic CuMnAs and the latter is found to be anisotropic both due to structure and magnetic order. We compare these findings to model calculations with chemical disorder and finite-temperature phenomena included. The finite-temperature ab initio calculations are based on the alloy analogy model implemented within the coherent potential approximation and the results are in fair agreement with experimental data. Regarding the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) which reaches a modest magnitude of 0.12%, we phenomenologically employ the Stoner-Wohlfarth model to identify temperature-dependent magnetic anisotropy of our samples and conclude that the field-dependence of AMR is more similar to that of antiferromagnets than ferromagnets, suggesting that the origin of AMR is not related to isolated Mn magnetic moments.
Radiation spectra of warm and optically thick coronae in AGNs

A soft X-ray excess above the 2–10 keV power-law extrapolation is generally observed in the X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei. The origin of this excess is still not well understood. Presently there are two competitive models: blurred ionized reflection and warm Comptonization. In the case of warm Comptonization, observations suggest a corona temperature in the range 0.1–2 keV and a corona optical depth of about 10–20. Moreover, radiative constraints from spectral fits with Comptonization models suggest that most of the accretion power should be released in the warm corona and the disk below is basically non-dissipative, radiating only the reprocessed emission from the corona. However, the true radiative properties of such a warm and optically thick plasma are not well known. For instance, the importance of the Comptonization process, the potential presence of strong absorption and/or emission features, and the spectral shape of the output spectrum have been studied only very recently. Here, we present simulations of warm and optically thick coronae using the TITAN radiative transfer code coupled with the NOAR Monte-Carlo code, the latter fully accounting for Compton scattering of continuum and lines. Illumination from above by hard X-ray emission and from below by an optically thick accretion disk are taken into account, as well as (uniform) internal heating. Our simulations show that for a large part of the parameter space, the warm corona with sufficient internal mechanical heating is dominated by Compton cooling and neither strong absorption nor emission lines are present in the outgoing spectra. In a smaller part of the parameter space, the calculated emission agrees with the spectral shape of the observed soft X-ray excess. Remarkably, this also corresponds to the conditions of radiative equilibrium of an extended warm corona covering a non-dissipative accretion disk almost entirely. These results confirm that warm Comptonization is a valuable model that can explain the origin of the soft X-ray excess.
A Simple Microstructural Explanation of Concave Pice Impact

This article describes a simple model of market microstructure which explains a concave price impact. In the proposed model, the local relationship between the order flow and the fundamental price (i.e. the local price impact) is linear, which makes the model dynamically consistent. Nevertheless, the expected impact on midprice from a large sequence of co-directional trades is nonlinear and asymptotically concave. The main practical conclusion of the model is that, throughout a meta-order, the volumes at the best bid and ask prices change (on average) in favor of the executor. This conclusion, in turn, relies on two more concrete predictions of the model, one of which is tested using publicly available market data without the information about meta-orders.
Meshlet Priors for 3D Mesh Reconstruction

Estimating a mesh from an unordered set of sparse, noisy 3D points is a challenging problem that requires to carefully select priors. Existing hand-crafted priors, such as smoothness regularizers, impose an undesirable trade-off between attenuating noise and preserving local detail. Recent deep-learning approaches produce impressive results by learning priors directly from the data. However, the priors are learned at the object level, which makes these algorithms class-specific, and even sensitive to the pose of the object. We introduce meshlets, small patches of mesh that we use to learn local shape priors. Meshlets act as a dictionary of local features and thus allow to use learned priors to reconstruct object meshes in any pose and from unseen classes, even when the noise is large and the samples sparse.
ALMA Observations of Two Massive and Dense MALT90 Clumps

We report Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations of 3 mm dust continuum emission and line emission, in HCO+, H13CO+, N2H+, and CH3CN, toward two massive and dense clumps (MDCs) in early but distinct evolutionary phases (prestellar and protostellar), made with the goal of investigating their fragmentation characteristics at angular scales of ∼1″. Toward the prestellar clump we detected 10 compact structures (cores), with radii from 1200–4500 au and masses from 1.6–20 M⊙. Half of these cores exhibit inverse P Cygni profiles in HCO+ and are subvirialized indicating that they are undergoing collapse. Toward the protostellar clump we detected a massive (119 M⊙) central core, with a strong mass infall rate, and nine less massive cores, with masses from 1.7–27 M⊙ and radii from 1000–4300 au. CH3CN rotational temperatures were derived for eight cores in the protostellar clump and three cores in the prestellar clump. Cores within the prestellar clump have smaller line widths and lower temperatures than cores within the protostellar clump. The fraction of total mass in cores to clump mass is smaller in the prestellar clump (∼6%) than in the protostellar clump (∼23%). We conclude that we are witnessing the evolution of the dense gas in globally collapsing MDCs; the prestellar clump illustrating the initial stage of fragmentation, harboring cores that are individually collapsing, and the protostellar clump reflecting a later stage in which a considerable fraction of the gas has been gravitationally focused into the central region.
Early Compton Effect experiments revisited: Evidence for outstanding hard X-ray reflectivity of speculum metal

Experiments related to X-ray optics carried out by A. H. Compton and his collaborators during 1923-1927, led to the Nobel Prize winning discovery of Compton Effect. Based on the critical analyses of these experimental investigation results, we could infer a unique X-ray reflection property of speculum metal that provided us the evidence for its reflectivity in the hard X-ray region. In connection with this, we have studied in detail the theoretical X-ray reflectivity of speculum metal in comparison with variety of other mirror materials for different photon energies at various grazing angles of incidence. Theoretical calculations of grazing incidence X-ray reflectivity for these materials also verified well with other experimental data and computer simulations. We have also calculated the minimum and critical angle penetration depth of speculum metal with other mirror materials for different photon energies. Furthermore, the reflectivity of speculum metal in different regions of electromagnetic spectrum in association with its physical properties is discussed. The analytical results obtained from these studies indicated that the reflectivity of speculum metal in the X-ray region, especially in hard X-ray region at small grazing angles is higher than that for commonly used high density mirror materials.
A proton imagining via double parton scattering

In this contribution we discuss the main outcomes of our studies on the so called double parton distribution functions (dPDFs), accessible quantities in high energy proton-proton and proton nucleus collisions, in double parton scattering processes (DPS). These new distributions are almost unknown, nevertheless they encode information on how partons inside a proton are correlated among each other. Double PDFs represent a new tool to explore the three dimensional partonic structure of hadrons. Here, we show results obtained from calculations of dPFDs. In particular we focus our attention on the impact of double correlations in experimental observables by showing how the latter could be studied in the next LHC run. We also discuss how the present knowledge on a peculiar experimental observable could unveil new information on the transverse proton structure
Enhanced Nonlinear Pulse Compression from Supercontinuum Generation within Sign-Alternating Dispersion Waveguides

Supercontinuum generation (SCG) coherently generates a wide spectrum from a narrow bandwidth optical pulse. We have recently demonstrated a large increase in the bandwidth to input peak power efficiency of the SCG process, by repeatedly alternating the sign of dispersion along a waveguide. Here, novel properties of SCG in these waveguides are explored. Such as their applicability in SCG resonators and a near parabolic SCG spectral phase independent of higher order dispersion along the alternating waveguide. In order to explain this phase independence a previously unknown normal dispersion SCG phase effect is described. The resultant low higher order spectral phase coefficients, combined with the enhanced bandwidth at low input peak powers, than makes alternating dispersion waveguides a scheme that demonstrates potential to extend sub-cycle pulse compression to low input peak powers, removing the need for high powered drive lasers. In addition, a new scheme is shown for the design of practical waveguide segments that can compress SCG pulses to near transform limited durations which is integral for the design of these alternated waveguides. These results are also applicable to general SCG waveguides and nonlinear pulse compression experiments.
The manifestation of secondary bias on the galaxy population from IllustrisTNG300

We use the improved IllustrisTNG300 magneto-hydrodynamical cosmological simulation to revisit the effect that secondary halo bias has on the clustering of the central galaxy population. With a side length of 205 $h^{-1}$Mpc and significant improvements on the sub-grid model with respect to the previous Illustris boxes, IllustrisTNG300 allows us to explore the dependencies of galaxy clustering over a large cosmological volume and wide halo-mass range. We show, at high statistical significance, that the halo assembly bias signal (i.e., the secondary dependence of halo bias on halo formation redshift) manifests itself on the clustering of the central galaxy population when this is split by stellar mass, colour, specific star formation rate, and surface density. A significant detection is also obtained for galaxy size: at fixed halo mass, larger central galaxies are more tightly clustered than smaller central galaxies in haloes of mass M$_{\rm vir} \lesssim 10^{12.5}$ $h^{-1}$M$_{\odot}$. This effect, however, seems to be uncorrelated with halo formation time, unlike the rest of the secondary dependencies analysed. We also explore the transmission of the halo spin bias signal, i.e., the secondary dependence of halo bias on halo spin. Although galaxy spin retains little information about the total spin of the halo, the correlation is enough to produce a significant galaxy spin bias signal. We discuss possible ways to probe the spin bias effects with observations.
Categorical symmetry and noninvertible anomaly in symmetry-breaking and topological phase transitions

For a zero-temperature Landau symmetry breaking transition in $n$-dimensional space that completely breaks a finite symmetry $G$, the critical point at the transition has the symmetry $G$. In this paper, we show that the critical point also has a dual symmetry - a $(n-1)$-symmetry described by a higher group when $G$ is Abelian or an algebraic $(n-1)$-symmetry beyond higher group when $G$ is non-Abelian. In fact, any $G$-symmetric system can be viewed as a boundary of $G$-gauge theory in one higher dimension. The conservation of gauge charge and gauge flux in the bulk $G$-gauge theory gives rise to the symmetry and the dual symmetry respectively. So any $G$-symmetric system actually has a larger symmetry called categorical symmetry, which is a combination of the symmetry and the dual symmetry. However, part (and only part) of the categorical symmetry must be spontaneously broken in any gapped phase of the system, but there exists a gapless state where the categorical symmetry is not spontaneously broken. Such a gapless state corresponds to the usual critical point of Landau symmetry breaking transition. The above results remain valid even if we expand the notion of symmetry to include higher symmetries and algebraic higher symmetries. Thus our result also applies to critical points for transitions between topological phases of matter. In particular, we show that there can be several critical points for the transition from the 3+1D $Z_2$ gauge theory to a trivial phase. The critical point from Higgs condensation has a categorical symmetry formed by a $Z_2$ 0-symmetry and its dual - a $Z_2$ 2-symmetry, while the critical point of the confinement transition has a categorical symmetry formed by a $Z_2$ 1-symmetry and its dual - another $Z_2$ 1-symmetry.
Positivity of holomorphic vector bundles in terms of $L^p$-conditions of $\bar\partial$

We study the positivity properties of Hermitian (or even Finsler) holomorphic vector bundles in terms of $L^p$-estimates of $\bar\partial$ and $L^p$-extensions of holomorphic objects. To this end, we introduce four conditions, called the optimal $L^p$-estimate condition, the multiple coarse $L^p$-estimate condition, the optimal $L^p$-extension condition, and the multiple coarse $L^p$-extension condition, for a Hermitian (or Finsler) vector bundle $(E,h)$. The main result of the present paper is to give a characterization of the Nakano positivity of $(E,h)$ via the optimal $L^2$-estimate condition. We also show that $(E,h)$ is Griffiths positive if it satisfies the multiple coarse $L^p$-estimate condition for some $p>1$, the optimal $L^p$-extension condition, or the multiple coarse $L^p$-extension condition for some $p>0$. These results can be roughly viewed as converses of Hormander's $L^2$-estimate of $\bar\partial$ and Ohsawa-Takegoshi type extension theorems. As an application of the main result, we get a totally different method to Nakano positivity of direct image sheaves of twisted relative canonical bundles associated to holomorphic families of complex manifolds.
Explaining the chemical trajectories of accreted and in-situ halo stars of the Milky Way

The Milky Way underwent its last significant merger ten billion years ago, when the Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage (GES) was accreted. Accreted GES stars and progenitor stars born prior to the merger make up the bulk of the inner halo. Even though these two main populations of halo stars have similar durations of star formation prior to their merger, they differ in [α/Fe]-[Fe/H] space, with the GES population bending to lower [α/Fe] at a relatively low value of [Fe/H]. We use cosmological simulations of a ‘Milky Way’ to argue that the different tracks of the halo stars through the [α/Fe]-[Fe/H] plane are due to a difference in their star formation history and efficiency, with the lower mass GES having its low and constant star formation regulated by feedback whilst the higher mass main progenitor has a higher star formation rate prior to the merger. The lower star formation efficiency of GES leads to lower gas pollution levels, pushing [α/Fe]-[Fe/H] tracks to the left. In addition, the increasing star formation rate maintains a higher relative contribution of Type II SNe to Type Ia SNe for the main progenitor population that formed during the same time period, thus maintaining a relatively high [α/Fe]. Thus the different positions of the downturns in the [α/Fe]-[Fe/H] plane for the GES stars are not reflective of different star formation durations, but instead reflect different star formation efficiencies.
Evaluation of Hepatic Chemoembolization and Percutaneous Ethanol Injection in the Treatment of HCC

Objective To compare the therapeutic effectiveness of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus percutaneous ethanol injectin (PEI) with simple TACE in the treatment of solitary, huge and encapsulated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods Forty five patients with solitary, huge, encapsulated HCC were randomly divided into two groups. Group A included 23 patients, who were treated with TACE+PEI, while group B included 22 patients, who were treated with TACE alone. Results In group B, the partial remission rate was only 9%, the survival rate at 1, 2 and 3 years was 59%, 32% and 0%, respectively. The complete necrosis of the tumor was 0% (0/5). In group A, the partial remission rate was up to 40% (P0.05), and the survival rate at 1, 2 and 3 years was 88%, 56% and 21% (P0.05), respectively. The complete necrosis of the tumor was 67% (4/6). Conclusion The combined therapy of TACE with PEI is an effective and safe method for the treatment of solitary, huge and encapsulated HCC. It is also of value to the patients to receive secondary operation.