Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resposta da comunidade de Histeridae (Coleoptera) a diferentes fisionomias da vegetação de restingas no Espírito Santo

Aiming to determine if the vegetation structure affects the local and regional richness and community structure of predator beetles (Histeridae), four habitats established on sandy soils (restingas and pasture) in Espirito Santo State, Brazil, with a structural complexity gradient and showing varying degrees of disturbance were surveyed with pitfall-baited traps (human and horse dung). Eight histerid species were registered. The species richness was almost equal in all habitats (4 to 5 species), and there was no significant difference in diversity and equitability. Although not significantly different in diversity, the communities could be considered different due to the gradual substitution of the dominant species and composition. The species substitution pattern was related to the change in vegetation physiognomy, which seems to impose barriers to the odour dispersion, affecting resource location, and allowing rare (but more efficient in resource localization) species to be maintained in the community. The local richness of histerids in pasture and in different physiognomies of restinga is similar and low due to the ephemeral nature of decaying resources, which impose a limit to the number of species that get to the resource. Its spatial and temporal unpredictability, by its turn, allows both common and rare species to remain in the community, the first through numeric advantage and the last through an eventual superiority in finding the resource.
Metabolic adjustments in the common carp during prolonged hypoxia

Biochemical and respiratory changes in the common carp Cyprinus carpio, were studied 6, 24, 96 and 168 h upon exposure to hypoxia (0·5 mgO2 l−1). Modification of kinetic properties of phosphofructokinase (PFK-1), coupled with a decreased in PFK-1 activities, were evident in muscle. No changes in kinetics and activities could be observed in muscle pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). A decrease in muscle citrate synthase (CS) and an increase in muscle cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) were found. The common carp was able to maintain a constant level of muscle glycogen, muscle ATP, and liver CS throughout the 168-h experimental period. Changes in activities of liver LDH and muscle CCO were observed only at 168 h, which indicates that common carp may switch to alternative metabolic pathway to deal with prolonged hypoxia. A severe decrease in liver glycogen was accompanied by increases in lactate levels in both the muscle and liver. Oxygen consumption rate was reduced under hypoxia, but resumed to normoxic levels within 2 h upon return to normoxic condition. Overall, these results indicate that carp adopt different strategies in an attempt to deal with short term and long term hypoxia in the natural environment.
REVERSAL OF HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SOLEUS MUSCLE OF DENERVATED MICE BY FENOTEROL HYDROBROMIDE

Amelioration of denervation stress by fenoterol hydrobromide has been investigated in soleus muscle of mice. Fenoterol hydrobromide is a β2-Adrenoceptor agonist which acts an anabolic agent in skeletal muscle, because they promote hypertrophy and have potential application for enhancing muscle repair after injury. A significant increase (p<0.05) in ratio of soleus muscle to body weight was reported at every stage of study i.e. 7 to 28 days of chronic administration of fenoterol to normal innervated mice. This ratio in denervated animals showed a constant significant decline from 6.66% at day 7 to 54.54% at day 28 pointing towards stress induced by denervation in mice. Similarly, soleus muscle of denervated animals also showed a decrease in dry muscle mass. The effects of fenoterol on denervated mice healed the effects of denervation but its value was significantly below the normal innervated levels. Histopathological examination of denervated mice treated with fenoterol showed ameliorating effects in soleus muscles which showed some recovery of muscle structure towards normal profile.
Estimation of Serum Trace Elements Levels in Libyan Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris: A Case Control Study

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disease with a worldwide prevalence of 2–3%. Psoriasis is caused by a complex interplay among the immune system, genetic background, auto-antigens, and environmental factors. Trace elements are required for the normal functioning of many enzymes and play a significant role in the development of many diseases. Objective: To assess the serum levels of zinc, copper, magnesium, iron and folate in patients with psoriasis compared to healthy controls. Patients and Methods: A total of 41 patients with psoriasis vulgaris were compared with 50 age and sex matched healthy subjects. Serum levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and folate were measured in both groups and compared. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) were used to measure the severity of the disease. Results: The mean serum level of Zn was 142.2±52 in patients compared to 90.2±18.9 in the controls (P=.000), serum level of Cu was 161.1±58.5 in patients versus 156.3±42.8 in control group (P=.650). Serum Mg was 2.4±0.5 in patients and 1.9±0.2 in control subjects (P=.000). Serum Fe was 90.8±50 in patients as compared to 116.9±32.4 in control subjects (P=.004), whereas, serum folate was 6.6±3.9 in patients and 9.5±5.3 in control subjects (P=.005). There was no significant direct correlation between levels of trace elements under study and PASI scoring. Conclusions: Trace elements particularly Zn, Cu, and Mg appear to be elevated in psoriasis patients, while Fe and folate were low in psoriatic patients, however, they can't serve as biomarkers for disease activity.
First report of frosty pod rot (moniliasis disease) caused by Moniliophthora roreri on cacao in Belize.

Moniliophthora roreri causes frosty pod rot (FPR), a highly destructive cacao disease, currently found in 11 countries in South and Central America (Aime & Phillips-Mora, 2005). In Belize, the disease was first detected during a field visit to a small farm in the village of Maya Mopan, Stann Creek District in September 2004.
Sorghum Diversity Evaluated by Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers and Phenotypic Performance

Abstract Analysis of phenotypic performance in the field in combination with molecular analysis provides useful information to increase the efficiency in plant breeding programs. We investigated: (i) the relationship between phenotypic performance and genetic diversity determined using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, (ii) the possibility of grouping inbred lines based on phenotypic performances and (iii) the genotypic and phenotypic variance of yield, yield components and primary agronomic traits among inbred lines. Among 22 sorghum inbred lines, grain yield per plot and days to flowering were less representative as phenotypic markers. However, the following six phenotypic traits showed high heritability; 1000-grain weight, ear length, plant height, stalk diameter, dry weight and harvest index, and were useful as phenotypic markers. The data obtained using SSR markers significantly correlated with those of phenotypic performance in this study, and the grouping of inbred lines based on the combination of the performance of six phenotypes was similar to that based on SSR markers. On the basis of phenotypic performance, four inbred lines, D12, H11, C9xH13 and C9xH11, were selected as promising parents for plant breeding programs.
Buckling, Post-Buckling, Strength and Design of Angle Columns

This paper presents procedures for the design of fixed-ended and pin-ended equal-leg angle columns with short-to-intermediate lengths. First, some numerical results concerning the buckling and post-buckling behavior of the angle columns are presented, (i) evidencing the main differences between the fixed-ended and pin-ended column responses, and (ii) showing the need for specific design procedures. Then, the paper reports an in-depth investigation aimed at gathering a large column ultimate strength data bank that includes (i) experimental values, collected from the literature, and (ii) numerical values, obtained from shell finite element analyses carried out in the code ABAQUS. The set of experimental results comprises 41 fixed-ended columns and 37 pin-ended columns, and the numerical results obtained concern 89 fixedended columns and 28 pin-ended columns − various cross-section dimensions, lengths and yield stresses are considered. Finally, the paper closes with the proposal of new design procedures, based on the Direct Strength Method (DSM), for fixed-ended and pin-ended angle columns. The two procedures adopt modified global and local strength curves, and it is shown that the proposed DSM approach leads to accurate ultimate strength estimates for short-to-intermediate columns covering a wide slenderness range.
Electrocution and collision of birds with power lines in Saudi Arabia

Abstract A power line located 100 km south of Jeddah was monitored for four years (2008–2011) and the results show that collision and electrocution of birds by power lines are of conservation concern in Saudi Arabia. The White Stork (Ciconia ciconia), Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix), Corncrake (Crex crex) and Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus) were the most affected species in the study area. However, the Common Quail seems to be more susceptible than other species and was found in high numbers. Although the number of species affected is probably low, the increases in energy demands and the introduction of new power lines will lead to an increase in bird deaths by electrocution and collision unless a conservation measure is applied to minimize the effect of power lines especially among the migratory species.
A high-resolution neural portrait of natural scene processing

How does the brain recognize natural scenes? We approach this question by decoding natural scene categories from cortically-localized magnetoencephalography (MEG) responses to briefly presented scenes. We apply spatiotemporal searchlight decoding over the whole brain to study how basicand superordinate-level category information is processed. We report spatiotemporal differences in the extent to which brain activity informs us about categorysensitive information at the two different levels. In particular, regions previously implicated in scene perception were involved at both levels, but the temporal sequence of information processing in these regions were very different as inferred from basicand superordinate-level decoding accuracies. These fine-grained differences in temporal processing may shed light on the respective roles of individual cortical areas in scene perception.
Experimental Study of the Corona Performance of Aged Sand-Cast Substation Connectors

Substation connectors, like many other high-voltage products, are tested once manufactured. However, the corona behavior of aged specimens can differ from that exhibited by newer ones, thus generating detrimental technical and environmental effects. Manufacturers need to know the long-term corona behavior of substation connectors to offer their customers maximum safety and transparency about such critical products. This paper analyzes the ageing effect on the surface roughness and the visual corona extinction voltage of sand-cast aluminum connectors, which were artificially aged in a salt spray chamber for different periods. The experimental results show an important variability of the surface roughness and corona extinction voltage (CEV) among connectors with the same ageing level due to the sand-casting manufacturing process. The results in this paper also show a slight increase in the surface roughness with the ageing period, although there is not a clear pattern between the applied ageing level and the experimental CEV value. It is concluded that the inherent variability among connectors due to the sand-cast process has more influence than the ageing effect itself.
Corporate brand image and switching behavior: case of mobile telecommunications customers in Zimbabwe

Mobile telecommunication service providers in Zimbabwe are using a brand image to market their products and minimize brand switching, resulting from increased market competition. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a convenience sample of 385 participants in Zimbabwe. The sample size was determined using Rao software sample size calculator to extract an acceptable sample from apopulation of 1,973,906 inhabitants. Data were collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire and were also tested for reliability and validity using SPSS version 20. It was ascertained that 70% of the respondents’ switched SIM cards, 20% never switched, and 10% were indifferent to the different providers. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) showed that mobile network service providers’ brand image positively affects customer satisfaction, a positive relationship exists between mobile network service providers’ brand image and consumer brand switching behavior, customer satisfaction positively affects their loyalty. Corporate brand image indirectly affects customer loyalty through customer satisfaction. The researchers recommend marketers to consider the findings when designing strategies for marketing mobile network services. AcknowledgmentsThe authors of this paper greatly appreciate the support and cooperation they received from the Postal and Telecommunications Authority of Zimbabwe (POTRAZ) and research participants during the survey.
Mobile phones, digital inequality, and fertility: Longitudinal evidence from Malawi

Background: In this paper, we introduce the digital revolution as a potential ingredient of sub-Saharan Africa’s fertility transition. Objective: We focus on the relationship between mobile phone ownership and childbearing in southern Malawi, showing that mobile phone acquisition is associated with reductions in ideal family size and lower overall parity among phone-owning women compared to their phone-less counterparts. Methods: We use nine waves of data from the Tsogolo la Thanzi (TLT) longitudinal study conducted in Balaka, Malawi, between 2009 and 2015. Results: Fixed-effects panel data models shows that mobile phone ownership is associated with smaller ideal family size and lower parity during the study period. Cox proportional hazard models suggest that mobile phones are not fundamentally associated with the timing of women’s ﬁrst steps in family formation but rather with fertility trajectories on a longer time-horizon through child spacing. Furthermore, complementary cross-sectional analyses from a later survey round suggest that mobile phone ownership is associated with fertility through role modeling, preference change, and access to information. Conclusions: Mobile phone ownership is associated with fertility via role modeling, preference change, and access to information rather than through substitution effects. Contribution: Bridging the digital divide may hasten the fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa.
Antidiabetic and aldose reductase inhibitory potentials ofLand caltropsaqueous extract in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats

Introduction:Diabetic retinopathy is a late stage complication in diabetic patients and one which dramatically affects quality of life. Persistent hyperglycemia results in sorbitol accumulation due to increased activity of aldose reductase (AR), which leads to changes in membrane permeability and leakage of glutathione (GSH) from the lens which in turn results in the development of cataract and retinopathy. Hence, the present study was designed to assess the effect ofTribulus terrestrison AR activity and GSH level in diabetic rat lens, random blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and insulin.Methods:Diabetes mellitus was induced by intra-peritoneal (i.p) injection of streptozotocinnicotinamide (STZ-NA). Animals were divided into 5 groups including normal controls (NC) treated with saline, untreated diabetic controls (DC),T. terrestris(150 and 300 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (500 µg/kg) treated diabetic rats. After 16 weeks of treatment, the rats were sacrificed, the lens was removed through posterior approach and homogenate was prepared for AR activity estimation. The lens tissue homogenate was prepared in normal saline for the estimation of GSH. Blood glucose was estimated by glucometer, HbA1c by nephelometry and insulin by ELISA kit.Results:AR activity was significantly reduced (P<0.004) inT. terrestris(both doses) treated groups compared to untreated diabetic controls. GSH levels were found significantly higher (P<0.005) in treated groups than the ones in diabetic controls. Glucose, HbA1c and insulin were significantly improved (P<0.004) in plant extract treated groups when compared to untreated diabetic rats.Conclusion:Tribulus terrestrisaqueous extract may be useful as AR inhibitor. It also has antioxidant and antidiabetic activities and thereby might be capable of controlling the hyperglycemia induced tissue damage.
Banded karyotypes of 20 Papionini species reveal no necessary correlation with speciation

The G‐banded karyotypes of 20 species of the tribe Papionini are remarkably similar, and the amount of phylogenetic interpretation permitted is limited. The genera Mandrillus and Cercocebus may be linked by a derived chromosome 10. T. gelada may be linked to the macaques by chromosome 2. Chromosome 5, which differs in M. fascicularis, makes this species an unlikely ancestor of the Sulawesi (Celebes) macaques. An alternate hypothesis, which takes into consideration the possibility that ancestral populations may be polymorphic for these chromosome variants, suggests that different chromosome variants have become fixed in different lines. These chromosomes would therefore not reflect phylogenetic relations. In the Papionini the karyotype has not played a major role in diversification and speciation.
The Ordering Effects of Captions on Korean Aviation Students’ Self-confidence, Interest, and Motivation in English Learning

This study examined the ordering effects of caption use on the English learning of aviation students. This study focused on the use of captions and the students' self-confidence, interest, and motivation for English learning. Sixty participants were divided randomly into the Caption 1 group (n = 30) and Caption 2 group (n = 30). During 16 weeks, the Caption 1 group was exposed to captioned media first, and then the same media with no captions was provided. The Caption 2 group was exposed to the non-captioned media first and then provided with captions on the second exposure. A survey was given to assess the attitude of each group to English learning. The survey results showed that all participants revealed moderately positive satisfaction on the use of captions in EFL classes. Regarding the ordering effects of caption use, the findings showed that the first exposure to the captions results in the students' self-confidence and interest. The second exposure to the captions, however, was beneficial for improving the students' motivation. From these findings, several pedagogical implications
THE EFFECT OF WEATHER CONDITIONS ON HARBOUR SEAL (PHOCA VITULINA) HAULOUT BEHAVIOUR IN THE MORAY FIRTH, NORTHEAST SCOTLAND

Abundance data from a 6-year study (1988–1993) of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) were used to control for seasonal changes in haulout behaviour and assess the effect of temperature and other weather conditions on haulout numbers at a site in Scotland. A significant relationship between Julian day and haulout numbers was consistent between years. In some years, there was also a significant relationship between ambient temperature and haulout numbers, but examination of the residuals around the relationship between haulout numbers and Julian day revealed no evidence for a consistent effect of temperature, wind speed, or wind-chill adjusted temperatures. A weak negative relationship between haulout numbers and both precipitation and cloud cover did exist, but these variables explained little of the variation in seal numbers.
Automatic Post Editing Research

Machine translation refers to a system where a computer translates a source sentence into a target sentence. There are various subfields of machine translation. APE (Automatic Post Editing) is a subfield of machine translation that produces better translations by editing the output of machine translation systems. In other words, it means the process of correcting errors included in the translations generated by the machine translation system to make proofreading. Rather than changing the machine translation model, this is a research field to improve the translation quality by correcting the result sentence of the machine translation system. Since 2015, APE has been selected for the WMT Shaed Task. and the performance evaluation uses TER (Translation Error Rate). Due to this, various studies on the APE model have been published recently, and this paper deals with the latest research trends in the field of APE.
Different survival rates in zebrafish (Danio rerio) from different origins

Summary Early life-stage tests over 21 days were performed with zebrafish (origin group 1), environmentally relevant concentrations of the genotoxicant benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and the solvent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). As survival did not correspond to BaP or DMSO, zebrafish from another origin (group 2) were compared with group 1 fish. The outcome was that survival in group 1 fish varied from 26 to 84%, whereas survival in group 2 fish was at least 94% and not affected by either of the two chemicals. This result is likely to be caused by endogenous factor(s) in group 1 fish. The study supports the need for establishing a reliable zebrafish culture prior to toxicity testing.
The inductive responses of the antioxidant enzymes by salt stress in the rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Summary To access contributions of inductive responses of the antioxidant enzymes in the resistance to salt stress, activities of the enzymes were determined in the rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjin) plant. In the leaves of the rice plant, salt stress preferentially enhanced the content of H 2 O 2 as well as the activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase specific to guaiacol, whereas it induced the decrease of catalase activity. On the other hand, salt stress had little effect on the activity levels of glutathione reductase (GR). In order to analyze the changes of antioxidant enzyme isoforms against salt stress, plant extracts were subjected to native PAGE. Leaves of the rice plant had two isoforms of Mn-SOD and five isoforms of Cu/Zn-SOD. Fe-SOD isoform was not observed in the activity gels. Expression of Cu/Zn-1, -2, and Mn-SOD-2 isoforms was preferentially enhanced by salt stress. Seven APX isoforms were presented in the leaves of the rice plants. The intensities of APX-4 to -7 were enhanced by salt stress, whereas those of APX-1 to -3 were minimally in changed response to salt stress. There were seven GR isoforms in the leaves of rice plants. Levels of activity for most GR isoforms did not change in the stressed plants compared to the control plants. On the other hand, the levels of activity for most antioxidant enzymes changed little in the roots of stressed plants compared to the control plants. These results collectively suggest that SOD leads to the overproduction of hydrogen peroxide in the leaves of rice plants subjected to salt stress: The overproduction of hydrogen peroxide functions as the signal of salt stress, which induces the induction of specific APX isoforms but not specific GR isoforms under catalase deactivation.