Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICATION AND CONTROL OF METAL TRANSFER IN PULSED GMAW

The aim of this work was to design and develop an identification device for droplet detachments during pulsed GMAW and to assess the possibility of implementing a metal transfer control system. The developed identification device was based on a luminescence sensor and on an electronic interface, capable of sensing the arc light flux. A basic control system for the pulse parameters was implemented using an A/D – D/A board for receiving signals from the sensor and sending instructions to an electronic power source and a trained neural network for the metal transfer recognition. Alternatively, the signal from the electronic interface could be directed to a microcomputer with a dedicated monitoring program. Automated pulsed welding was carried out on plain aluminum plates in the flat position. The metal transfers were recorded using a high-speed camera, applying the shadowgraphy technique, to validate the device performance. The voltage and current welding signals, as well as the optical sensor and camera signals, were synchronized to guarantee suitable analysis. The results showed that the detachment device was efficient and consistent for aluminum welding. Moreover, the control system was capable of setting parameters that provided stable transfer at One Drop per Pulse (ODPP) rate, from welds starting at inadequate pulse parameter levels. Thus, it is possible to assert that this low cost developed device is a high flexibility tool, which can be applied in optimization of pulsed GMAW, through manual or automated parameters settings, without employing a high-speed camera.
Mixed-Income Housing Developments: Promise and Reality

This paper examines the rationale for mixed-income approaches to affordable housing development, as well as the record of such developments in meeting their objectives, from the perspective of housing developers and those responsible for designing housing programs and policies. The drivers of the recent, renewed emphasis on a mixed-income housing projects are also examined and analyzed. The potential benefits this mixed-income approaches are summarized based on existing literature and interviews with key informants. Overall, this paper finds mixed-income approaches can have an important role in getting additional affordable units built, ensuring high-quality housing, and deconcentrating poverty. However, mixed-income housing is not a silver bullet to overcoming the difficult challenges faced by families seeking to escape from poverty or the realities of housing markets. Because mixed-income developments are complex, present unique risks, and often house fewer needy families than other types of development, mixed-income approaches must carefully consider the local housing market, the population to be served, financing options, the scale of the project, and the community context. This paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings and suggests guiding questions for developers and policy makers considering mixed-income projects and policies.
This way, please: Uncovering the directional effects of attribute translations on decision making

The translation of choice attributes into more meaningful information (e.g., from kWh to costs) is a form of choice architecture that is thought to facilitate decision making by providing decision signposts that activate personally relevant but latent objectives and guide decisions towards options that are most congruent with the activated objectives. Here, we investigated the psychological mechanisms that underlie and drive the directional effects of attribute translations on decision making. Across two choice experiments (total N = 973), we provide empirical support for our proposition that attribute translations operate via pre-decisional attention processes. Specifically, we demonstrate that attribute translations focus individuals’ attention on choice options that are most congruent with the concerns highlighted by translations, and that this attentional prioritization of alternatives predicts choice. In addition to the cognitive mechanisms underlying attribute translations, we highlight the choice architectural principles that moderate the effectiveness of translations. We show that the directional effects of attribute translations are driven by the information that translations provide rather than by contextual changes in the decision environment. In line with previous research on evaluability, we find the effectiveness of attribute translations to depend on information format, with translations conveying evaluative information having a larger impact on decision making than translations providing numerical information. The present study is among the first to investigate the decision making processes underlying a choice architectural intervention. It provides insights into the mechanisms that drive and facilitate the signpost effect and renders recommendations for the implementation of attribute translations in policy making.
On Sources of Risk Premia in Representative Agent Models

We use options and return data to decompose unconditional risk premia into different parts of the return state space. In the data, the entire equity premium is attributable to monthly returns below -11.3%, but returns in the extreme left tail matter very little. In contrast, leading asset pricing models based on habits, long-run risks, and rare disasters attribute the premium almost exclusively to returns above -11.3%, or to the extreme left tail. We find that model extensions with a larger quantity of tail risk cannot account for the data, while models with a higher price of tail risk can.
Evaluating the network structure of different Neotropical plant-plant interactions

Plant species can be used as hosts by other plant species, both in antagonistic interactions (e.g., parasitism), and in commensal interactions (e.g., epiphytism). In this study, plant-plant interaction networks were constructed using the literature available from Brazil in order to contrast networks composed by parasitic versus epiphytic plants. Eight plant-plant networks were analysed: five plant-parasite networks and three plant-epiphyte networks. The network structure was characterised using the following network metrics: network size, number of interactions, connectance, modularity and nestedness. In total, plant-plant networks comprised 110 host-plant species and 60 hosted-plant species (parasites or epiphytes) with 269 distinct interactions. Network size, number of interactions, modularity and nestedness did not differ between different types of networks. On the other hand, network connectance in plant-plant networks was significantly different between habitat types (conserved versus anthropised habitats). The present study represents a pioneer systematic investigation showing that structure of plant-plant networks is influenced by habitat conservation status, regardless of the type and the intimacy of interactions between species.
Social Capital and Participant Retention in Online Mental Health Community: Quantifying the Relative Effect of Bridging and Bonding Social Capital

We examine the effect of social capital on participant retention in online mental health community, and disentangle the effect of bridging and bonding social capital on participant retention in this paper. Specifically, we derive participant profile data and activity data for 15 years from a Chinese online mental health community and construct social networks based on reply relationship for every half year. Following prior studies, bridging social capital and bonding social capital are measured by structural holes and network closure respectively. We conduct survival analysis to examine whether social capital has effect on participant retention, and use panel Logit model to capture the efficacy of different types of social capital. Results show that social capital significantly improves participant retention rate; bridging social capital has positive effect on participant retention, whereas bonding social capital has negative effect on participant retention.
User Self-Destruction: Theorizing Behavioral Transitions from Cognitive Absorption to Cognitive Discharge

Individual online community (OC)users sometimes withdraw their OC membership in destructive ways. In our study, we observe an interesting phenomenon in which many OC highly respected users delete all their posts when leaving the OC. Why do online community users self-destruct upon departure? In this research-in-progress paper, we propose a theoretical reversal of cognitive absorption that not only induces an individual user to participate excessively in the OC activities, but also to strongly bond with their participation. This bond is such that, upon deciding to withdraw from the OC, the user proactively removes all traces of their participation. It is a process of cognitive discharge, a reversal of cognitive absorption such that the user destroys his/her presence in the OC. In a cognitive discharge, the user works meticulously and extensively to delete all posts and user accounts. Effectively the user is firing the OC. To examine this theory, we plan to conduct a longitudinal case study of China’s biggest online automobile community – Autohome.com. The study results will have both theoretical and practical implications.
The Components of Direct Instruction

The purpose of Direct Instruction is to teach subject matter efficiently so that all the students learn all the material in the minimum amount of time. Every strategy, tactic, and specific technique employed in Direct Instruction is designed to serve this purpose. Accomplishing this goal requires keen attention to all aspects of teaching. It would be much easier if we could focus on one or two “key issues” and produce measurably superior instruction, but this is not the case. Producing highly effective teaching requires that we attend to a wide variety of details concerning the design, organization, and delivery of instruction. If any one element of instruction is not done well, high-quality instruction in other areas may not compensate for it. For example, superior instructional delivery cannot make up for poorly designed instructional materials. Likewise, well-designed programs cannot compensate for poor organization.
Policy Evaluation Under Biased Job Search

In this (preliminary) work I apply the dynamic job search model of DellaVigna et al. (2017) to hazard rates out of unemployment on the Danish labor market. In contrast to standard job search theory, which struggles to adequately predict hazard rates, the job search model is enriched with cognitive biases known from behavioural economic theory. While included biases have shown improvements before, I extend the model further with an altered version of Spinnewijns’ (2015) overconfidence in job search. This partial equilibrium framework is then used to evaluate a number of hypothetical reforms of the UI system. Further, I present suggestive evidence that, given the estimated structural model, a policy change from the current one-step system to a multi-step policy could have overall beneficial effects.
Out-of-the-Money CEOs: Inferring Private Control Premium from CEO Option Exercise

This study explores how CEOs’ private benefits of control manifest themselves in option exercises. We document two salient patterns: The rate at which CEOs exercise vested options in order to sell (or hold) the resulting shares slows down by 80% (or accelerates by 50%) when a proxy contest is looming, both consistent with CEOs’ desire to maintain or strengthen their voting rights when facing control challenge. In extreme cases, the presence of a proxy contest triples the probability that an insider exercises call options out-of-the money, a strategy deemed unambiguously irrational under the conventional models. Various forms of distortions imply sizable incumbents’ private control premium on the order of 3.4% to over 20% of stock price. Additional tests affirm the connection between the deviations from normal exercise behavior and a control motive, which is distinct from other motives documented in the literature including diversification, inside information about future stock prices, and behavioral factors such as overconfidence.
Robustness of plant-plant networks with different levels of habitat modification and interaction intimacy

Anthropogenic modification of natural environments is the main causes of species extinction in the globe, which directly leads to loss of interspecific links and modifies the structure of ecological networks. The objective of present study is to evaluate the effect of human-induced habitat modification on the connectivity and robustness of ecological interaction networks composed by plant-epiphyte and plant-parasite interactions. In total were analyzed eight distinct binary networks of plant-plant interactions in Brazil, being three epiphyte networks and five parasite networks occurring both in conserved and anthropized habitats. The results show that the human-induced habitat modification influences the connectance of plant-plant networks, since networks of anthropized habitats had greater connectance than the networks of conserved habitats. In addition, the results showed higher values of robustness in the plant-parasite networks when compared to plant-epiphyte networks, and these differences were mainly observed in anthropized habitats. This study presented a new approach for studies of plant-plant ecological interactions, because is the first to compare the effect of human-induced habitat modification on the plant-plant network robustness.
Closing the Gap: Gender Quotas and Corporate Board Composition

We study the impact of board gender quotas on firms’ hiring and retention practices. We find that female director retention rates increase following the introduction of a quota in France in 2011, with stronger effects observed among less gender-diverse firms and firms that regularly employ directors who are members of the French business elite. We also find that female directors hired after the quota are more independent, more experienced, more internationally diverse, and no less academically qualified than those hired before the quota. The gender gaps in most director characteristics have also narrowed. The evidence suggests that the introduction of a board gender quota forces firms to adopt alternative hiring practices, which may allow them to tap into a deeper talent pool.
Company Performance Surrounding CEO Turnover

We examine company performance and a range of financial characteristics surrounding announcements of CEO turnover for a sample of UK companies. Firms experiencing forced CEO turnover suffer a decline in operating performance and an increase in financial leverage going back at least three years prior to the announcement. Following forced turnover, firms downsize relative to control firm counterparts and voluntary turnover firms, and experience significant improvements in operating performance. While stock prices react negatively to turnover announcements, this appears to arise from poor information contained about current period earnings in the CEO turnover announcement, rather than downward revisions of long-term performance following forced turnover announcements. Normal CEO turnover does not occur in response to poor performance and elicits a minimal stock price response, but does result in a marginal improvement in operating performance. JEL Classification: G30, G32, G34
Geography and Time Patterns of Trading in the European Exchanges

This work provides a comprehensive analysis of stock turnover occurring in the public equity markets of the three largest Eurozone member countries, benchmarked with the US and the UK. Exploiting the turnover behavior on holidays, we show that stock trading responds to a time varying investors’ attention capacity constraint and to a clientele effect due to the investors’ bias toward trading local stocks. Country specific cultural and institutional features emerge as critical factors in defining the type of investors with a tighter attention capacity constraint. In terms of the mapping of the crosscountry turnover interconnectedness, both the relevance of the market and the geographical proximity between markets matter. Finally, the positive unconditional correlations between turnover and returns suggested by trading models based on investor heterogeneity and short sale constraints applies only to small caps, the opposite being true for large caps being their turnover more sensitive to price drops than to price increases.
Why are firms able to buy back below average market prices?

This paper examines why U.S. firms are able to conduct open market repurchases at prices below the average market price. The results of the empirical analysis suggest that contrarian trading is the major driver of the difference between average monthly repurchase price and average monthly market price: Firms tend to buy back after decreases in the stock price and thus buy back at prices which are lower than average market prices. Pseudo-market timing, which is the result of firms staying away from the market when the stock price goes up, explains why event-time returns subsequent to actual repurchases are abnormally high on the short-run. When using the calendar time portfolio approach, I do not find abnormal returns after actual repurchases and conclude that there is no evidence consistent with the notion of managerial timing ability. While the results suggest that insider ownership increases the propensity to trade contrary to the market, the results do not confirm earlier findings that firms with high insider ownership buy back below the average market price because of managerial timing ability. “
Looks like a liar? Beliefs about native and non‐native speakers' deception

Funding information University of Ontario Institute of Technology , Grant/Award Number: SSHRC Small Research Grant (Internal) Summary We examined whether observers' beliefs about deception were affected by a speaker's language proficiency. Laypersons (N = 105) and police officers (N = 75) indicated which nonverbal and verbal behaviors were predictive of native versus nonnative speakers' deception. In addition, they provided their beliefs about these speakers' interrogation experiences. Participants believed that native and non-native speakers would exhibit the same cues to deception. However, they did predict that non-native speakers would likely face several challenges during interrogations (e.g., longer interrogations and difficulties understanding the interrogator's questions). Police officers and laypersons also differed in their beliefs about cues to deception and interrogation experiences.
AN EXTENSION OF THE MODIFIED ELEMENT FREE GALERKIN METHOD APPLIED TO LARGE DEFORMATION PROBLEMS

In this work we investigate a modified element-free Galerkin method when applied to a large deformation process. The modified element-free Galerkin method presented in this work enables the direct imposition of the essential boundary conditions due to the kronecker delta property of special shape functions constructed in the neighborhood of the essential boundary. The model assumes the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into elastic and plastic parts and considers a J2 elasto-plastic constitutive relationship with a nonlinear isotropic hardening. The constitutive model is written in terms of the rotated Kirchoff stress and the logarithmic strain conjugate measure. A Total Lagrangian formulation is considered. Some numerical results are presented, under axisymmetric assumption, in order to attest the performance of the proposed methodology. Some aspects related to volumetric locking are investigated by considering an F-bar method.
Impact of inter-country differences in shareholder rights regimes on formation of hedge fund wolf-packs, campaign outcomes and target shareholder value gains

Using an international sample of 1,719 hedge fund activist involvements since 2000, we examine whether the shareholder rights regimes in the sample countries influence how hedge fund (HF) activists conduct their campaigns against target management, the impact of such regimes on campaign outcome and on the long term shareholder value gains to target shareholders. Our basic proposition is that the effectiveness of HF activism in enhancing shareholders’ interests vis-à-vis incumbent managements is diminished by the level of shareholder protection offered by the legal regimes in different countries since it reduces the need for such activism. Shareholder rights regimes also may impact on the ability of HFs to coordinate other shareholders in their campaign e.g. by forming wolf-packs (WPs). We construct a Shareholder Rights Index (SRI) for the 12 countries included in our sample with high scores on the index reflecting high levels of shareholder protection. We find that a high SRI score deters the formation of WPs. We also find that high SRI scores reduce the chances of a HF campaign win, in particular, when such campaigns seek corporate governance changes. Finally, we find that long term buy-and-hold-returns (BHARs) are lower following HF campaigns when SRI scores are higher. These results are consistent with the proposition that the role and effectiveness of HFs as change agents in target firms is reduced where shareholder rights regimes are stronger.
Sedation for Colonoscopy: Comparison of Remifentanil and Alfentanil Combined with Propofol/Midazolam

Cite this article as/Atıf: : Arıcan Ş, Çiçekçi F, Hacıbeyoğlu G, Sizer Ç, Tuncer Uzun S, Dertli R, Keskin M. Sedation for Colonoscopy: Comparison of Remifentanil and Alfentanil Combined with Propofol/Midazolam. İstanbul Med J 2019; 20(6): 512-8. Amaç: Kolonoskopi işlemi uygulanan hastalara güvenli sedasyon ve erken taburculuk amacıyla farklı ilaç kombinasyonları kullanılmaktadır. Remifentanil ve alfentanil kısa etkili narkotik analjezik ajanlardır. Kısa etkili bir anksiyolitik ajan olan midazolam narkotik analjeziklerle kombine edildiğinde güçlü bir sedadif etkinliğe sahiptir. Kolonoskopi işlemi altındaki hasta da sedasyon amacıyla literatürde karşılaştırılmamış 2 opiodin propofol/midazolam ile kombinasyonunun etkinliğini karşılaştırmayı amaçladık.
Risk Culture in Banks: Just Words?

In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, regulators and industry identified weak risk governance and culture as a shortcoming of the financial system. Based on the indicator proposed by the Financial Stability Board’s framework and using quantitative text analysis, we develop a new measure of bank sound risk culture and apply it for the largest European banks during the 2004 2014 period. Results show that this measure is associated to greater bank stability and a higher loan portfolio quality.