Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wrongdoing in Publicly Listed Family- and Nonfamily-Owned Firms: A Behavioral Perspective

We integrate research on family-owned firms (FOFs) and the Behavioral Theory of the Firm (BTOF) to study wrongdoing—a specific dimension of corporate social responsibility (CSR) associated with destructive risk—in family- versus nonfamily-owned firms (NFOFs). We argue that FOFs are likely to respond differently from NFOFs to risks because in addition to concern for economic costs and benefits, FOFs are uniquely concerned with the socioemotional wealth (SEW) accruing from the noneconomic costs and benefits of their actions. Furthermore, we argue that the differences in behavior are dependent upon whether the nature of risk associated with a behavior is destructive, as in the case of wrongdoing, versus productive, as in the case of other previously examined behaviors such as research and development [R&D] investment, diversification, or internationalization. Our analyses, based on 17,022 observations from a sample of 1,900 publicly traded U.S. firms from 1999 to 2016, provide robust empirical support for these predictions, showing that FOFs commit less wrongdoing than their nonfamily counterparts and respond to performance relative to aspirations regarding wrongdoing in a way that varies from their responses regarding other behaviors examined in prior studies. We thereby advance the literatures on BTOF and FOFs by explaining how family owners’ decisions change depending on the type of risk associated with their behavior—destructive versus productive, and by integrating the additional aspiration related to SEW into BTOF predictions to tell a more complete story of organizational wrongdoing from the BTOF perspective. By focusing on wrongdoing as a specific dimension of CSR, our findings also have implications for CSR research as they show that the relative importance of social responsibilities shifts according to the type of risks (and trade-offs) associated with those responsibilities.
Theory of magnetization process of FeSi

We give a new theoretical explanation to the magnetization process of FeSi based on the spin fluctuation theory without assuming the negative mode - mode coupling mechanism previously proposed to explain the anomalous magnetic properties of this compound. It is shown that the numerical results based on this theory are qualitatively in good agreement with the recent magnetization measurement.
A composite model for municipal solid waste

The mechanical behaviour of municipal solid waste is very complex due to the internal structure and differs considerably from ordinary materials. The fundamental idea of the presented mechanical constitutive model is the split of the material into two solid phases, justified by experimental observations, where fibrous particles signi.cantly influence the composite behaviour. Constitutive laws are independently introduced for each phase. A . nite deformation theory is applied, whereas the concept of elastoplasticity allows reproducing the highly non‐linear stress‐strain relations. A creep law describes time‐depending deformation under compression loads. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of acceptor dopants on the proton mobility in BaZrO3: A density functional investigation

In this work, the stability and mobility of protonic defects in acceptor doped BaZrO3 are investigated using density functional theory in conjunction with kinetic modeling. The interaction between the mobile protons and Zr-site substituted trivalent dopants—Ga, Sc, In, Y, and Gd—is assessed by extensive mapping of migration pathways. In all cases, the interaction is attractive, which results in a stabilization, and hence a reduction of the mobility, of the proton. However, its strength and range vary substantially and are found to be strongly correlated to the ionic radius of the dopant. Further, it is shown that the observed correlation is related to a variation in strength of hydrogen bonds formed between protons and next nearest lattice oxygen ions in different environments. Finally, migration barriers and attempt frequencies obtained from first principles are used as input to a jump-diffusion model. The proton self-diffusion coefficient is evaluated for the different substituted phases, and the experimental trend in activation energies is reproduced.
Stellar Populations of the Dwarf Irregular Galaxy WLM

We have obtained V-band photometry for 8000 stars, and I-band photometry for 16000 stars in the field of the dwarf irregular galaxy WLM, a member of the Local Group. From the VI color-magnitude diagram we infer metallicities and ages for the stellar populations in the main body and in the halo of WLM. The youngest stars in the galaxy have an age of {approximately}10{sup 7} Gyr. For the oldest stars we derive an age of {gt}10{sup 10} Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H]={minus}1.45{plus_minus}0.2. We construct a deep luminosity function, obtaining an accurate distance modulus m{minus}M=24.75{plus_minus}0.1 for this galaxy based on the I-magnitude of the RGB tip and adopting E(V{minus}I)=0.03. We establish the presence of an extended, slightly flattened halo consisting of Population II stars. Cluster D of Ables & Ables (1977, ApJS, 34, 245) is confirmed as the only globular cluster present in the main body of this galaxy. There are no other clusters brighter than I=19.5. The B{minus}V color gradient observed by Ables & Ables (1977) is shown to be caused by a stellar-population transition, and not a metallicity gradient or dust extinction. {copyright} {ital 1997 American Astronomical Society. }
A Scoping Review on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex and Asexual (LGBTQIA+) Community and Factors Fostering Its Refusal

Background: The ramifications of the existing crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic are sensed in all walks of life. Among the various efforts made to curb the spread of this novel infection, the development of COVID-19 vaccines had a profound role in flattening the pandemic curve. Even though the rapid vaccine drive received a highly welcoming response among people, the reluctance and ignorance of a part of the population towards available safe vaccines stand as impediments to achieving the desired outcome. The LGBTQIA+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex and Asexual) communities are the least studied groups in this regard. Objective: The purpose of this study is to extensively review and report on COVID-19 vaccine uptake and refusal among the LGBTQIA+ population and enumerate the factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy. The study extends further to outline a conceptual framework for interventions to enhance COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among the LGBTQIA+ population. Methods: We performed a systematic search using key terms on Google Scholar and PubMed. The obtained results were filtered using the eligibility criteria framed for this study. The initial search provided an extensive result of 4510 articles which were later screened at various levels to arrive at the final inclusive collection of manuscripts adding to 17. The studies were analyzed by the authors individually, and the data were categorized using variables. The results are interpreted using charts and graphs. The whole manuscript has been structured in accordance with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. Result: The comprehensive search yielded 17 eligible articles for this review. Most of the studies were conducted in the United States (n = 17), and predominantly cross-sectional studies have been conducted. The major comparative factor was the HIV status of the LGBTQIA+ population. HIV-affected patients were more willing to take up COVID-19 vaccination. However, social stigma, discrimination, lack of access and non-prioritization in vaccine drives were found to be the major factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy among this population. Conclusion: The invention of the COVID-19 vaccination revolutionized the healthcare systems burdened with COVID-19. Although this is a breakthrough scientific contribution, many factors are associated with the rate of vaccine acceptance, especially among sexual and gender minorities. The reviewed studies have revealed numerous factors that influence vaccine uptake and refusal with the commonest being concerns on discrimination, social stigma, inequitable access to healthcare, vaccine safety, efficacy, potency, side effects and lack of trust in medical workers. These impediments in vaccine coverage should be meticulously addressed to ensure optimum LGBTQIA+ physical and mental health as well as for providing non-discriminative, equitable and quality healthcare service regardless of the gender or sexual orientation of individuals.
The role of mental engagement between moderate or vigorous physical activity and academic achievement in adolescents

Background: Physical activity (PA) is considered an important factor affecting academic achievement (AA). Different intensities of PA affect mental engagement (ME), which, in turn, affects AA. However, the role of ME in the relationship between PA and AA remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to examine the mediating and/or moderating role of ME (i.e. cognitive flexibility [COGFLEX], metacognition [META] and competitiveness achievement motivation [COMPETE]) in the relationship between PA (both moderate- and vigorous-intensity activities) and AA. Method: Structural equation modelling was used to build a mediated moderation model. A total of 68,144 students from eight economies who participated in the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment were included in the study. Results: Moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) was significantly positively correlated and vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) was significantly negatively correlated with AA in adolescents. COGFLEX, META and COMPETE were found to play a significant mediating role in the relationship between both types of PA (MPA and VPA) and AA. COGFLEX and COMPETE were found to moderate the relationship between VPA and AA. Conclusion: ME plays a mediated moderation role in the relationship between the intensity of PA and AA. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Establishing Factor Validity Using Variable Reduction in Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Using a 21-statement attitude-type instrument, an iterative procedure for improving confirmatory model fit is demonstrated within the context of Bentler's EQS and maximum likelihood factor analysis. Each iteration systematically eliminates the poorest fitting statement as identified by a variable fit index. The statements were hypothesized to define a three-factor independent cluster solution, one factor being associated with each of three a priori scales. Initially, the statements did not define the subscales as hypothesized. Through a series of 11 iterations, 11 variables were eliminated. The resulting three-factor independent cluster model fit the data extremely well.
How Often Does a Harris Recurrent Markov Chain Recur

Let {X n } n≥0 be a Harris recurrent Markov chain with state space (E, E), transition probability P(x, A) and invariant measure π. Given a nonnegative π-integrable function f on E, the exact asymptotic order is given for the additive functionals formula math., n=1,2,. in the forms of both weak and strong convergences. In particular, the frequency of {X n } n≥0 visiting a given set A ∈ E with 0 < π(A) < +∞ is determined by taking f = I A . Under the regularity assumption, the limits in our theorems are identified. The one- and two-dimensional random walks are taken as the examples of applications.
Modality of the restricted likelihood for spatial Gaussian random fields

SUMMARY Numerical simulations recently reported in the literature have shown that the profile likelihood associated with the estimation of covariance range parameters for a Gaussian field can be multimodal. Here we complement these recent results by considering covariances with unknown nugget, scale and range parameters. Estimation is performed in a restricted maximum likelihood framework. For unbounded sampling domains and known range parameter, conditions ensuring asymptotic unimodality of the restricted likelihood are derived. For bounded sampling domains, Monte Carlo simulations indicate that if the range parameter is known, multimodality is relatively rare unless the sample size is small. For unknown range parameter, frequencies of multimodality can be large and may increase with the sample size for the Gaussian and spherical covariance models.
Comparative studies on short and long length-scale stall cell propagating in an axial compressor rotor

In a low-speed compressor test rig at Kyushu University, multiple short length-scale stall cells appeared under a mild stall condition and turned into a long length-scale cell under a deep stall condition. Then, for the two types of stall cell, the pressure distribution on the casing wall and the velocity distributions upstream and downstream of the rotor have been measured by high-response pressure transducers and a slanted hot-wire, respectively. The time-dependent ensemble-averages of these distributions have been obtained phase-locked to both the rotor and the stall cell rotation using a double phase-locked averaging technique developed by the authors. The structures of the two stall cells are compared: The short length-scale stall cell is characterized by a concentrated vortex spanning from the casing wall ahead of the rotor to the blade suction surface. In the long length-scale stall cell, the separation vortices go upstream irregularly when blade separation develops in the front half of the cell, and re-enter the rotor on the hub side in the rear half of it. The unsteady aerodynamic force and torsional moment acting on the blade tip section have been evaluated from the time-dependent ensemble-averages of the casing wall pressure distribution. The force fluctuation due to the short length-scale cells is somewhat smaller than that for the long length-scale cell. The blade suffers two peaks of the force during a period of the short length-scale cells passing through it. The moment fluctuation for the short length-scale cells is considerably larger than that for the long length-scale cell.
The Stacked Community Engagement model: A practical model for developing community-engaged academic medical faculty

Abstract Introduction: There is an increasing recognition of the benefits of sustained community engagement (CE) that accrue to academic health centers and the communities they serve. However, the success and sustainability of CE projects rely on the efforts of individual faculty, learners, and community members, for whom CE efforts are typically added to their professional and personal priorities and responsibilities. This competition for time and resources between priorities and CE can discourage academic medical faculty from participating in CE activities. The Stacked Community Engagement model is proposed to synergize or “stack” responsibilities and goals onto the scaffolding of CE projects. Methods: We examined the literature and expert CE practitioner opinion to identify the challenges faced by community-engaged academic faculty and the key characteristics of CE projects that successfully align and integrate with the priorities of faculty, learners, and community members. We synthesized this information to develop the conceptual Stacked CE model for developing CE academic medical faculty, then illustrated the model in heterogeneous CE programs to explore its generalizability, validity, and robustness. Results: The Stacked CE model, when applied to a specific nutrition education program (The Food Doctors) and outreach program (StreetLife Communities), provided a practical framework for examining the sustained success of a partnership between Medical College of Wisconsin faculty and medical students and the community. Conclusions: The Stacked CE model is a meaningful framework for developing community-engaged academic medical faculty. By identifying overlap and integrating CE into professional activities with intention, CE practitioners can benefit from the deeper connections and sustainability.
Osteoradionecrosis After Mandibulotomy and Marginal Mandibulectomy in Patients With Oral Cancer

Objectives Osteoradionecrosis is one of the most severe complications in patients with head and neck cancer, which is characterized by persistent exposed and devitalized bone without proper healing after radiation. The extent to which mandibulotomy and marginal mandibulectomy influence the occurrence of osteoradionecrosis remains unclear. This study evaluated the incidence and risk factors for developing osteoradionecrosis of the mandible after oral cancer treatments. Methods A retrospective study was performed to analyze medical records of patients who underwent surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for oral cancers from 2009 to 2019 at a tertiary care hospital. Patient characteristics, incidence, and risk factors for developing osteoradionecrosis were reviewed. Comparisons between continuous and categorical data were performed using t-test and Chi-squared test. Cox regression analysis was used to assess the association between factors and the development of osteoradionecrosis. Results Among the 61 patients included in the study, osteoradionecrosis of the mandible occurred in 9 of 32 (28.1%) patients who underwent mandibular surgery during oral cancer resection (marginal mandibulectomy and/or mandibulotomy) and 2 of 29 (6.9%) patients without mandibular surgery. The development of osteoradionecrosis was significantly associated with performing mandibular surgery (hazard ratio 4.64, 95% confidence interval: 1.002, 21.5) and HIV infection (hazard ratio 8.53, 95% confidence interval: 2.2, 33.3). In the subgroup analysis of mandibular surgery, the development of osteoradionecrosis significantly increased in patients undergoing mandibulotomy (hazard ratio 6.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.3, 34.8) but not in patients undergoing marginal mandibulectomy (hazard ratio 3.56, 95% confidence interval: 0.6, 22.0). The analysis also showed that concurrent chemoradiation, radiation doses ≥ 60 Gy, and smoking were potential risk factors for the development of osteoradionecrosis, but none of these factors were statistically significant. Conclusion Our findings suggest that mandibular surgery is a significant risk factor for the development of osteoradionecrosis in patients with oral cancer. Further studies including larger population sizes are required to verify these findings.
Unveiling the Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Salvia cacaliifolia Benth. Essential Oil

Salvia is widely recognized for its therapeutic potential. However, the biological relevance of some species remains unknown, namely Salvia cacaliifolia Benth. Therefore, the aim of this study is to unveil the chemical composition and relevant properties to its essential oil (EO). The EO was characterized by GC and GC-MS and its antifungal effect was evaluated according to the CLSI guidelines on dermatophytes and yeasts. The anti-inflammatory potential was assessed on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, by assessing the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the effect on the protein levels of two key pro-inflammatory enzymes, iNOS and COX-2 by western blot analysis. Wound healing capacity was determined using the scratch wound healing assay, and the anti-aging potential was assessed by evaluating the senescence marker β-galactosidase. The EO was mainly characterized by γ-curcumene, β-bisabolene, bicyclogermacrene and curzerenone. It is effective in inhibiting the growth of dermatophytes and C. neoformans. The EO significantly decreased iNOS and COX-2 protein levels and concomitantly reduced NO release. Additionally, it demonstrated anti-senescence potential and promoted wound healing. Overall, this study highlights relevant pharmacological properties of the EO of Salvia cacaliifolia, which should be further explored envisaging the development of sustainable, innovative, and environmentally friendly skin products.
Influencing Attributes on Revenue Growth: An Empirical Analysis from SMEs in Tanzania

Purpose: Several studies have empirically investigated and measured firm growth in different aspects. Yet, no studies in Tanzania took advantage of enterprise surveys from World bank micro data to explore the effect of contingent and institutional factors on the firm's revenue growth. This paper will fill the gap by linking revenue growth with contingent and institutional factors. Methodology: By adopting the combined data sets from the World bank enterprise survey in 2006 and 2013, this paper regresses revenue growth measured by the log percentage change of sales against different kinds of contingent and institutional factors using Pooled Ordinary Least Square model. Findings: On average, contingent factors such as competition, small size and corruption positively affect revenue growth. Moreover, firms owned by a female, pressure from government regulations, tax rates, access to finance and skilled workforce are institutional factors significantly affecting the firms' revenue growth. The robust results indicate that these factors affect firms in the service industry more. Practical implications: The paper recommends that the government should have a mutual talk with firms' owners and review the regulations for firms' operations. Financial institutions should take an opportunity by giving loans to service firms to boost their liquidity, ultimately improving their revenue. Also, firms should construct a good recruitment policy that will enable them to hire skilled workers. Originality/Value: This paper used an updated World bank enterprise survey on firms in Tanzania cities. The results are robust to different categories of firms' sectors and industries.
A Conceptual Model: Generation Z Cryptocurrency Investors’ Behaviors in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic

This article aims to explain the effect of overconfidence, emotion, and experience on risk perception, using SEM-PLS Method. The expected findings are a negative relationship between overconfidence on risk perception, a positive relationship between emotion on risk perception, also a positive relationship between experience on risk perception. This study explains whether the unusual behaviors of generation Z cryptocurrency investors, during the COVID-19 pandemic, have a correlation with their risk perception. Researchers hope that this research can provide investors and practitioners with an understanding to better understand individual investor interests and consumer behavior toward generation Z cryptocurrency investors in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Four inventory models for deteriorating items with time varying demand and partial backlogging: A cost comparison

In this paper we present four inventory control models under the following assumptions. Planning horizon is finite and demand is a general logconcave function of time. The models allow for deterioration of items over time and shortages partially backlogged at an exponential rate. For each of the models we establish the existence of a unique optimal policy. We then compute their optimal costs and rank them according to cost performance. This ranking indicates that model four gives the lowest cost. Numerical examples are given to support the theoretical findings and explain the application of procedures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.