Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of Harmful Residues in Some Fish Species

Heavy metals (Cadmium Cd, Lead Pb and Mercury Hg), organochlorine pesticides and testesterone residue levels were assessed in some fish species sold in Cairo Governorate. A total of one hundred samples from five different fish species Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia), Clarias gariepinus (Nile catfish), Lates niloticus (Bagrus Bayad) and, Scomberomorus cavalla (Mackerel), Thunnus albacares (Tuna) were purchased from vendors in Cairo governorate, Egypt. Samples were analyzed for Cd, Hg and Pb by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The organochlorine pesticides were determined with Agilent gas chromatograph GC. Methyl testesterone hormone levels were determined wit Rida screen ELISA kit for tissue. Cd concentrations ranged from 0.0466 ppm to 0.0686 ppm for all fish species with highest levels in Tilapia. Total mercury ranged from 0.075 ppm to 0.151 ppm for all fish species with highest levels in Mackerel. Pb concentrations ranged from 0.06ppm to 0 . 44 ppm with highest levels in Nile catfish. Organochlorine pesticides, such as (gamma-BCH, AlphaBCH, deltaBCH, aldrin, p.p’-DDE, endosulfan, dieldrin, p,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDD, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan, endrin, gamachlordan and methoxychlor) were investigated. Five organochlorine (endrin, p,p’-DDD, methoxychlor, gamma-BCH and deltaBCH) pesticides were detected in all studied fish samples. Endrin and p,p’DDD were the most abundant pesticide residue in the studied tissues of all fish species except Tuna. The highest values of Methyl testosterone residue were 2 ppb and found in (5) 25% of Tilapia fish samples.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MATRIX AND CHONDRULES IN CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES : IMPLICATIONS FOR DISK TRANSPORT

IMPLICATIONS FOR DISK TRANSPORT. B. Zanda , M. Humayun, and R. H. Hewins, MNHN & CNRS, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France (zanda@mnhn.fr); Dept. of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ, (hewins@rci.rutgers.edu); Dept. of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Science and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA (humayun@magnet.fsu.edu).
Beyond the Van Der Waals loop: What can be learned from simulating Lennard-Jones fluids inside the region of phase coexistence

As a rule, mean-field theories applied to a fluid that can undergo a transition from saturated vapor at density ρυ to a liquid at density ρl yield a van der Waals loop. For example, isotherms of the chemical potential μ(T,ρ) as a function of the density ρ at a fixed temperature T less than the critical temperature Tc exhibit a maximum and a minimum. Metastable and unstable parts of the van der Waals loop can be eliminated by the Maxwell construction. Van der Waals loops and the corresponding double minimum potentials are mean-field artifacts. Simulations at fixed μ=μcoex for ρυ<ρ<ρl yield a loop, but for sufficiently large systems this loop does not resemble the van der Waals loop and reflects interfacial effects on phase coexistence due to finite size effects. In contrast to the van der Waals loop, all parts of the loop found in simulations are thermodynamically stable. The successive umbrella sampling algorithm is described as a convenient tool for seeing these effects. It is shown that the maximum of t.
Evaluation of Wind Erosion Emissions Factors for Air Quality Modeling

1271 Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 75:2011 Posted online 23 June 2011 doi:10.2136/sssaj2010:0132 Received 16 Mar. 2011. *Corresponding author (haajwa@ucdavis.edu). © Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Evaluation of Wind Erosion Emissions Factors for Air Quality Modeling Soil Physics
Do professional investors behave differently than amateurs after the weekend

This paper compares the trading patterns of amateurs to that of professional investors during the days following the weekend. The comparison is based on all the daily transactions of a sample of both amateurs and professionally managed investors in a major brokerage house in Israel between 1994-1998. We find that weekends influence both amateurs and professional investors, however they affect professionals and amateurs in opposite directions. The results are consistent with previous hypotheses about the effects of the weekend on individuals and institutions in the US and with the way these differences may explain the weekend effect in returns in the US and in other markets. The results are also consistent with the absence of a weekend effect in returns in Israel during the period examined, since the conflicting effects of the weekend on individuals and professionally managed investors may have canceled each other.
Understanding the Diverse Scaling Strategies of Social Enterprises as Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Renewable Energy Cooperatives

This article seeks to shed light on the diversity of scaling strategies of social enterprises, which can be considered as emblematic hybrid organizations. By comparing three Flemish renewable energy cooperatives with contrasted scaling strategies, the article shows how these strategies can be understood in relation to the organizational mission as imprinted at the founding. We extend the notion of hybridity beyond the combination of institutional logics to highlight the interest orientation (mutual vs. general interest). Unlike what is suggested in extant literature, we find that mutual interest orientation may be associated with “scale-up,” business growth strategies, while general interest orientation may lead to less growth-focused “scale-out” and “scale-deep” strategies. The findings illuminate aspects of the hybrid nature of social enterprises by explaining their diverse scaling strategies and extend the notion of imprinting to the interorganizational level by highlighting how social enterprises may collaborate to collectively achieve the pursuit of their multiple missions.
Overlapping abundance gradients and azimuthal gradients related to the spiral structure of the Galaxy

The connection between some features of the metallicity gradient in the Galactic disc, best revealed by Open Clusters and Cepheids, and the spiral structure, has been explored. The step-like abrupt decrease in metallicity at 8.5kpc (with R0= 7.5kpc, or at 9.5kpc if R0= 8.5kpc is adopted) is well explained by the corotation ring-shaped gap in the density of gas, which isolates the internal and external regions of the disc one from the other. This solves the long-standing problem of a lack of understanding of the different chemical characteristics of the inner and outer parts of the disc. The time required to build up the metallicity difference between the two sides of the step is a measure of the minimal lifetime of the present grand-design spiral pattern structure, of the order of 3 Gyr. The plateaux observed on both sides of the step are interpreted in terms of the large-scale radial motion of the stars and of the gas flow induced by the spiral structure. The star formation rate revealed by the density of open clusters is maximum in the Galactic radial range from 6 to 12kpc (with an exception of a narrow gap at corotation), coinciding with the region where the four-arms mode is allowed to exist. We argue that most of the old open clusters situated at large Galactocentric radii were born in this inner region where conditions more favourable for star formation are found. The ratio of α-elements to Fe of the sample of Cepheids does not vary appreciably with the Galactic radius, which reveals a homogeneous history of star formation. Different arguments are forwarded to show that the usual approximations of chemical evolution models, which assume fast mixing of metallicity in the azimuthal direction and ignore the existence of the spiral arms, are poor ones. © 2011 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2011 RAS.
A NIKA view of two star-forming infrared dark clouds: Dust emissivity variations and mass concentration

Context. The thermal emission of dust grains is a powerful tool for probing cold, dense regions of molecular gas in the interstellar medium, and so constraining dust properties is key to obtaining accurate measurements of dust mass and temperature. Aims. By placing constraints on the dust emissivity spectral index, β, towards two star-forming infrared dark clouds – SDC18.888–0.476 and SDC24.489–0.689 – we aim to evaluate the role of mass concentration in the associated star-formation activity. Methods. We exploited the simultaneous 1.2 and 2.0 mm imaging capability of the NIKA camera on the IRAM 30 m telescope to construct maps of β for both clouds, and by incorporating Herschel observations, we created H2 column density maps with 13′′ angular resolution. Results. While we find no significant systematic radial variations around the most massive clumps in either cloud on ≳0.1 pc scales, their mean β values are significantly different, with β̅ = 2.07 ± 0.09 (random) ± 0.25 (systematic) for SDC18.888–0.476 and β̅ = 1.71 ± 0.09 (random) ± 0.25 (systematic) for SDC24.489–0.689. These differences could be a consequence of the very different environments in which both clouds lie, and we suggest that the proximity of SDC18.888–0.476 to the W39 H II region may raise β on scales of ~1 pc. We also find that the mass in SDC24.489–0.689 is more centrally concentrated and circularly symmetric than in SDC18.888–0.476, and is consistent with a scenario in which spherical globally-collapsing clouds concentrate a higher fraction of their mass into a single core than elongated clouds that will more easily fragment, distributing their mass into many cores. Conclusions. We demonstrate that β variations towards interstellar clouds can be robustly constrained with high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) NIKA observations, providing more accurate estimates of their masses. The methods presented here will be applied to the Galactic Star Formation with NIKA2 (GASTON) guaranteed time large programme, extending our analysis to a statistically significant sample of star-forming clouds.
Iterated Expectations under Rank-Dependent Expected Utility and Model Consistency

Under expected utility theory, compound lotteries can be valued by "iterating" expectations: the expected utility of a compound lottery is the expected value of a simple lottery over prizes that are certainty equivalents to follow-up lotteries. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for a similar valuation technique in the framework of rank-dependent expected utility (RDU) when a decision maker has to choose between prospects that belong to a comonotonic class and his preferences satisfy consequentialism. The conditions are so restrictive that they can be viewed as an impossibility result. Our contribution thus identifies a challenge for future research. If we accept RDU as the model of behavior, we either need to find alternative valuation algorithms, or we need to relax the assumption of preference exogeneity.
Stellar rotation in lower main-sequence stars measured from time variations in H and K emission-line fluxes. II. Detailed analysis of the 1980 observing season data.

For a sample of 47 lower main-sequence stars, including the Sun, and eight evolved stars, the relative strength of the Ca n H and K emission cores has been measured daily over a nearly continuous interval during 1980 July through October at Mount Wilson. From these time series measurements of chromospheric emission, rotation rates have been inferred with quantitative estimates of both the reality and precision of the rotation periods. We find rotation rates easily for the main-sequence stars with strong emission or those later than about spectral type K0. With this technique, rotation rates can be measured precisely for the first time for equatorial velocities as slow as 1 km s", and independently of the aspect of the rotation axis. In a limited range of spectral type, a small sample of stars indicates that chromospheric emission decreases smoothly as a function of rotation period. No conclusion can be drawn on the question of the reality of a discontinuity in chromospheric emission as a function of time (the “Vaughan-Preston” gap for stars in the solar neighborhood). In our sample of giant stars, the G2 III star HD 218658 shows a persistent fluctuation of 4.6 days, a period that is inconsistent with stellar rotation. The GO III star HD 6903 is a previously unreported FK Comae-type star. For a few main-sequence stars, measurements continued beyond 1980 October suggest the presence of active longitudes (if not individual active regions) persisting through the observing season 1981. Subject headings: Ca ii emission — stars: chromospheres — stars: late-type — stars: rotation
Distinguishing Between Shock and Tectonic Lamellae with the SEM

Much of the controversy over the origin of "planar featuresvv in quartz grains is due to the method of examination. Use of the optical microscope alone for characterization of these planar features is inadequate for distinguishing between lamellar features formed by shock metamorphism and those formed by tectonic deformation. However, application of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) with its greater range of magnification, combined with hydrofluoric-acid (HF) etching of the quartz grains, allows for a positive distinction to be made between these two types of lamellar features. Researchers who advocated a volcanic origin for K/T boundary sediments argued against the use of shocked quartz as a unique indicator of impact for these layers [I]. vvShockedvv quartz most commonly is characterized by the presence of multiple sets of planar deformation features (PDF), which may consist of open fractures, twins, or glass-filled planar lamellae. Advocates of a volcanic origin for the K/T sediments claimed that they had observed similar lamellae in various pyroclastic ejecta deposits, and that examples of "shockedvv quartz and feldspar could be identified not only in the K/T boundary layers, but also in other clay layers above and below the boundary [2]. Their criteria for "shockedvv quartz and feldspar was expanded to include so-called Nmosaicismvv, which may accompany higher levels of shock metamorphism but is neither uniquely associated with shock nor necessarily caused by it [3]. We discuss only PDFts here. At the scale of observation routinely possible with an optical microscope, it is difficult to distinguish between shockinduced lamellae and those caused by tectonic deformation. The former are usually sharper and thinner, more planar, and generally continuous; the latter are often somewhat curved (wavy), indistinct, and often discontinuous [4]. However, examination at the higher magnifications possible in an SEM clearly distinguishes between the narrow (clpm) glass-filled lamellae formed by hypervelocity shock metamorphism (Fig. 1) and the wider, ladder-like rows of dislocation loops that are due to slowstrain-rate tectonic deformation (Fig. 2). Pre-etching with HI? preferentially dissolves the quartz glass within the shock lamellae and makes them more visible in the SEM, but does not noticeably affect the appearance of tectonic dislocations because the latter do not contain glass. Glass-filled PDFvs often show vvpillaringu (segmentation) after etching with HF (Fig. I), due to the presence of narrow crystalline sheets intersecting the wider glassy lamellae [5]. Thus, it is the formation of quartz glass within fractures caused by high-strain-rate shock waves associated with impacts
Exhumation and metamorphism of an ultrahigh-grade terrane: geochronometric investigations of the Sudete Mountains (Bohemia), Poland and Czech Republic

The Sudete Mountains, NE Bohemian Massif (Czech Republic and Poland), preserve abundant eclogitic and granulitic centimetre- to decimetre-scale boudins enveloped in a predominantly migmatitic matrix. Published geochronometry and thermobarometry from the UHP and UHT rocks broadly constrain the crystallization and initial stage 1 exhumation history for these units; however, the timing of stage 2 metamorphism and associated unroofing is less well constrained. New in situ ion microprobe Th–Pb monazite results, together with complementary U–Pb zircon and electron microprobe analyser total-Pb monazite results, on 11 amphibolite-facies gneissic to migmatitic samples, place important temporal constraints on the second stage of UHP and UHT metamorphism–exhumation. The Orlica–Snieznik Dome records UHP metamorphism occurring at 375 Ma and subsequent exhumation to midcrustal levels in supra-Barrovian conditions at c. 345–330 Ma. In contrast, the western Góry Sowie Block preserves evidence of HP-granulite conditions at c. 400 Ma, and exhumation to mid-crustal levels at 380–370 Ma, revealing a c. 30 million years difference in exhumation events between the neighbouring terranes. The eastern Góry Sowie Block preserves ages similar to the Orlica–Sneiznik Dome, suggesting that different preserved metamorphic–cooling histories are juxtaposed across the Sudetic Marginal fault. The bounding Niemcza shear zone yields preliminary Th–Pb dates that range from 380 ± 8 Ma to 283 ± 2 Ma, preserving a protracted metamorphic record that spans the exhumation history of the region. The distinct collapsed geochronologies of both terranes probably reflect rapid vertical transport of low-viscosity crust under supra-Barrovian conditions near the mid-crustal high-strength lid during oblique (transpressional) convergence.
Equity gap? - Which equity gap? On the financing structure of Germany's Mittelstand

This paper examines the financing structure of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Germany and questions whether an equity gap - or, more generally, a financing gap -exists. Reviewing the literature and available data sources, we find that financing constraints seem to affect, if at all, only a very small subgroup among highly growth-oriented firms. We do not detect any structural problems in average SME's capital structure. Rather, German Mittelstand firms appear to be non-growth oriented and content with their financing decisions. While the relationship-based German banking system helps to minimize the risk of credit rationing, trade credit offers an additional, stable form of liquidity insurance. Highly innovative firms with strong growth potential, on the other hand, do seize the opportunity to tap unconventional means of financing (e.g. mezzanine capital) and appear very successful in doing so.
Linear-quadratic optimal control under non-Markovian switching

ABSTRACT We study a finite-dimensional continuous-time optimal control problem on finite horizon for a controlled diffusion driven by Brownian motion, in the linear-quadratic case. We admit stochastic coefficients, possibly depending on an underlying independent marked point process, so that our model is general enough to include controlled switching systems where the switching mechanism is not required to be Markovian. The problem is solved by means of a Riccati equation, which turned out to be a backward stochastic differential equation driven by the Brownian motion and by the random measure associated with the marked point process.
PRODUCTION YIELDS OF THE RADIONUCLIDES INDUCED IN VARIOUS TARGETS FIXED IN CONCRETE SHIELD AT THE 500-MEV NEUTRON IRRADIATION FACILITY OF KENS

H. Matsumura, N. Nakao, K. Masumoto, K. Oishi, M. Kawai, T. Aze, A. Toyoda, M. Numajiri, K. Takahashi, M. Fujimura, Q. Wang, K. Bessho, T. Sanami 1 High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan 2 Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corporation, Tokyo, Japan 3 Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan 4 Graduate School of Integrated Basic Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan 5 The Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Beijing, China
Hesperidin protects against diethylnitrosamine/carbon tetrachloride-induced renal repercussions via up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and attenuation of oxidative stress -

The kidney plays a central role in detoxification and excretion of toxic metabolites, and therefore is susceptible to toxicity by xenobiotics. Hesperidin is a citrus flavonoid with multiple beneficial therapeutic effects. Here, we investigated the possible modulatory effect of hesperidin on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, pointing to the role of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Male Wistar rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of DEN. Two-weeks later, the DEN-induced rats received a subcutaneous injection of 3 ml/kg CCl4 once/week for 16 weeks. DEN/CCl4-induced rats were treated with 50 and 100 mg/kg hesperidin throughout the experiment. After 18 weeks, DEN/CCl4-induced rats showed renal injury evidenced by the significant increase in circulating kidney function markers as well as histopathological alterations. Concurrent supplementation of hesperidin significantly ameliorated kidney function markers and prevented renal tissue damage induced by DEN/CCl4. In addition, hesperidin treatment suppressed collagen deposition, lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide, and enhanced the antioxidant defenses in the kidney of DEN/CCl4-induced rats. Hesperidin up-regulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the kidney of DEN/CCl4-induced rats. In conclusion, hesperidin prevents DEN/CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity via attenuation of oxidative stress and alleviation of the antioxidant defense system. These effects are mediated via up-regulation of Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Thermally oxidized 2 D TaS 2 as a highgate dielectric for MoS 2 field-effect transistors

We report growth, fabrication, and device results of MoS2-based transistors and diodes implemented on a single 2D/3D material platform. The 2D/3D platform consists of a large-area MoS2 thin film grown on SiO2/p-GaN substrates. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the thickness and quality of the as-grown MoS2 film, showing that the large-area MoS2 nanosheet has a smooth surface morphology constituted by small grains. Starting from the same material, both top-gated MoS2 field effect transistors and MoS2/SiO2/p-GaN heterojunction diodes were fabricated. The transistors exhibited a high on/off ratio of 10, a subthreshold swing of 74 mV dec, field effect mobility of 0.17 cm V s, and distinctive current saturation characteristics. For the heterojunction diodes, current-rectifying characteristics were demonstrated with on-state current density of 29 A cm and a current blocking property up to −25 V without breakdown. The reported transistors and diodes enabled by the same 2D/3D material stack present promising building blocks for constructing future nanoscale electronics. Supplementary material for this article is available online