Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Proficiency in Basic and Advanced Life Support Among Physicians in Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose Cardiorespiratory arrest’s unpredictability poses a global health challenge, with gaps in physicians’ life support knowledge potentially leading to poor patient outcomes, a factor yet unstudied among Ecuadorian physicians. This study aims to elucidate the state of physicians’ theoretical knowledge in Ecuador based on Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) guidelines. Patients and methods A national cross-sectional online 35-questions survey was conducted between February and March 2023 using a self-administered, expert-validated questionnaire. Participants’ responses were obtained through official social media groups (WhatsApp and Facebook). The survey evaluated the theoretical knowledge of BLS and ALS, with scores based on the number of correct answers out of a maximum of 10.0 points. For descriptive analysis, frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations (SD) were used. The T-test and one-way ANOVA were utilized to analyze the associations between knowledge levels and demographic and academic training variables of Ecuadorian doctors. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant for all analyses. Results The survey garnered responses from 385 physicians, with a majority being female (56.6%) and possessing less than 3 years of work experience (75.1%). Of these, 71.7% and 51.9% held BLS and ALS certifications, respectively. Knowledge scores for BLS (5.8/10 ± 1.6) surpassed those for ALS (4.7/10 ± 1.8) (p < 0.001). Physicians with less than 3 years of work experience exhibited higher knowledge scores in both BLS and ALS tests (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study revealed a notable deficiency in the theoretical knowledge of BLS and ALS among surveyed Ecuadorian physicians. Factors such as prior certification and years of work experience appeared to influence knowledge levels. Continual training and updates in life support protocols at universities and healthcare institutions are key to enhancing physicians’ skills and patient outcomes.
The Mechanisms of Altered Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability in CD19 CAR T–Cell Recipients

Cluster of differentiation 19 (CD19) chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are a highly effective immunotherapy for relapsed and refractory B-cell malignancies, but their utility can be limited by the development of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). The recent discovery of CD19 expression on the pericytes in the blood–brain barrier (BBB) suggests an important off-target mechanism for ICANS development. In addition, the release of systemic cytokines stimulated by the engagement of CD19 with the CAR T cells can cause endothelial activation and decreased expression of tight junction molecules, further damaging the integrity of the BBB. Once within the brain microenvironment, cytokines trigger a cytokine-specific cascade of neuroinflammatory responses, which manifest clinically as a spectrum of neurological changes. Brain imaging is frequently negative or nonspecific, and treatment involves close neurologic monitoring, supportive care, interleukin antagonists, and steroids. The goal of this review is to inform readers about the normal development and microstructure of the BBB, its unique susceptibility to CD19 CAR T cells, the role of individual cytokines on specific elements of the brain’s microstructural environment, and the clinical and imaging manifestations of ICANS. Our review will link cellular pathophysiology with the clinical and radiological manifestations of a complex clinical entity.
A survey of Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis using deep learning approaches

The dementia with the highest prevalence is Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), which can cause a nervous brain syndrome that impairs daily functioning as well as causes gradual remembrance loss by harming brain cells. This fatal condition is exceptional in its field. Early identification of AD is important due to the disease’s global prevalence and evolving threat. Early detection holds promise because it can help predict the health of many people who may be encountered in the future. Therefore, by evaluating the disease’s effects using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans, we may use Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology to categorize AD patients and determine whether or not they will eventually develop the fatal condition. In the area of deep learning methods and analysis, this paper presents essential knowledge and cutting-edge deep learning techniques. The goals of the paper are to advance the knowledge and implementation of medical image processing methods for AD. The paper aims to advance the body of knowledge and promote the creation of efficient and standardised ways in the field by discussing the pertinent techniques and putting recognised recommendations into practise.
Online Learning Using PhET Simulation Videos and Real Laboratory Videos for Students' Understanding of the Hydrostatic Pressure Concept

This study aims to analyze the effect of the PhET simulation video (VSP) and real Laboarturium video (VLN) on high school student's understanding of the concept of hydrostatic pressure in online learning. The research was conducted in three representative schools in Palu City. This study used a pseudo-experimental method by comparing: 1) Experiment class 1 taught based on VSP-VLN design with Experiment class 2 taught based on VLN-VSP design; 2) Experiment class 1 and control class whose learning is based on conventional learning; and 3) experimental class 2 with control class. The determination of experimental classes and control classes in each school was carried out by purposive sampling. The statistical test results for the first case showed no significant difference between Experiment Class 1 and Experiment 2 (significance value greater than 0.05). Meanwhile, between Experiment Class 1 and the control class, there is a difference in the N-Gain value (%). This is supported by a significance value of less than 0.05. A comparison between the Experiment 2 class and the control class also shows differences. The average N-Gain (%) score of Experiment Class 1 and Experiment Class 2 is higher than the average value of the N-Gain (%) of the control class. This study concludes that learning using a combination of PhET simulation videos and real laboratory videos, in any order, can positively influence students' understanding of physics concepts compared to conventional learning in the entire online learning system. Video content can be used online or face-to-face to learn physics concepts directly through simulations and real laboratories.
A Personalized Learning Approach to Support Students with Diverse Academic Backgrounds

Teaching design thinking and human-computer interaction (HCI) from technical disciplines are challenging due to the need for frequent content refreshes using up-to-date technology examples and students' negative preconceptions about the material. In particular, students typically find the course content too easy and the grading too subjective. Beyond these issues, the problems in our HCI course are exacerbated by the diversity of academic backgrounds in the student population. Over the years, we have struggled to deliver the course material at a pace that is appropriate for everyone and to develop assessments that can fairly evaluate the relevant design and technical skills involved. Here, we propose a personalized learning approach to tackle the problem of delivering content that suits students with diverse academic backgrounds. Specifically, we designed four features to personalize assessments in the HCI course: alternative pathways, flexible timing, multiple test attempts, and choice in programming options. Our study with 360 students showed a high uptake in all the personalization features and a positive impact on student performance and perception of the course. This case study describes how we implemented these personalized learning features successfully in a large university class to improve the student's learning experience. We discuss implementation tradeoffs and the generalizability of these features.
Spirit of Bureaucratic Change of Decision Makers in Banyumas District Facing Challenges in the VUCA Era

Decentralization requires the bureaucracy to be able to solve various problems faced by the community at the local level. Meanwhile, the context of social change in society is directly proportional to the complexity of opportunities. The greater the complexity of the opportunity, the greater the uncertainty. The VUCA Era created uncertainty in human civilization, including public administration. Public administration must ensure how far the uncertainties in the VUCA Era can be anticipated in efforts to organize public administration, particularly in the decision-making process. For this reason, this article aims to identify the spirit of change in decision-making bureaucrats in Banyumas Regency to face the VUCA Era. The method used is a descriptive quantitative approach. Data was collected using a survey method for decision-making bureaucrats within government agencies in Banyumas Regency. The results of the study show that the level of spirit of change in decision-maker bureaucrats in Banyumas Regency in facing challenges in the VUCA era is at a moderate level. This indicates that decision-making bureaucrats still need support and encouragement in facing challenges in the VUCA era, especially adaptability and sustainable positive change.
Class, ideology, and severe weather: how the interaction of social and physical factors shape climate change threat perceptions among coastal US residents

In recent years, researchers in the field of environmental sociology have broadened their methodological scope to include indicators of physical phenomena in order to more fully understand societal–environmental interactions, especially in the investigation of public views about climate change. While efforts to integrate social and physical data have been fruitful, there have been relatively few studies which examine the multiplicative effects of social and physical variables on views about climate change. Here, I combine survey data of coastal US residents from the Communities and Environment in Rural America (CERA) project with severe weather events data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Storm Events Database in order to investigate whether and how individual-level factors interact with county-level biophysical factors to influence public perceptions of the threat of climate change. I find that household income, political party affiliation, beliefs about climate change, and property damage from severe weather events interact in a variety of ways to influence individuals’ views about the threat climate change poses in their lifetimes. This study expands upon the extant literature on public views about climate change by demonstrating complex interactions between sociodemographic characteristics of individuals and biophysical phenomena impacting their regions of residence.
Research and Application of General Information Measures Based on a Unified Model

To enable comparisons among various information systems, it is necessary to establish general measures based on a unified model. This paper sets out four concise postulates about information, from which a unified information model is derived using axiomatic methods, which provide a theoretical foundation for developing a series of general information measures. By using volume, the most commonly used information measure, a formula is derived for the relationship between information and mass, energy, and time in closed systems. This formula can be used to analyze and optimize the power consumption requirements of information systems. Through eleven corollaries, the author also demonstrates that the proposed theory can express classical or commonly used principles in information science and technology for each type of measure. This finding suggests that a unified theoretical system that integrates many classical information principles can be constructed. Finally, the output information from some information systems is tested and evaluated, and the results show that the proposed general information measures can be used to support the design and evaluation of various information systems.
The role of hesperidin as a cardioprotective strategy against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and cytoprotective potentials

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline antibiotic, is a powerful chemotherapeutic agent effective against multiple types of cancer, particularly lung, breast, bladder and hematologic neoplasia (lymphomas and leukemia). However, its therapeutic usage is restricted by its known cardiotoxicity, which is associated with the production of oxidative stress. Enhancing antioxidant capacity represents a promising approach to mitigate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Hesperidin (HES), a citrus bioflavonoid, possesses several pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the cardiotoxicity of DOX and assess the possible cardioprotective role of HES. Methods: Groups of Wistar rats were either treated with DOX (4 mg/kg. bw., once a week for five consecutive weeks, intraperitoneally) or received co-treatment with HES (100 mg/kg. bw./day in distilled water, 5 days in a week for five consecutive weeks, administered orally). Heart and blood samples were obtained for histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical assessments. Results: DOX administration resulted in severe cardiotoxicity, as evidenced by significant elevations in cardiac biomarkers, including Troponin I (CTnI), Creatine kinase (CK-Total), Creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST). DOX also elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as Interferon γ (IFN-γ), Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Furthermore, DOX-induced oxidative stress and substantially reduced the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Catalase (CAT). Histopathologically, DOX caused severe Zenker's necrosis, cardiomyocyte disarray, sarcoplasmic vacuolizations, cardiomyocyte congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Immunohistochemically, DOX exhibited extensive apoptosis, as indicated by strong positive immuno-localization against anti-caspase-3 antibody. In contrast, co-treatment with HES protected cardiac tissues against cardiotoxicity of DOX, as indicated by the amelioration of histological abnormalities and the normalization of biochemical values. Conclusion: We can conclude that DOX induces severe cardiotoxicity characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, pathological alterations, and apoptosis. Co-treatment with HES demonstrates significant cardioprotective effects by virtue of its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytoprotective, and antiapoptotic characteristics.
Chinese Sumac (Rhus chinensis Mill.) Fruits Prevent Hyperuricemia and Uric Acid Nephropathy in Mice Fed a High-Purine Yeast Diet

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a prevalent chronic disease, characterized by excessive blood uric acid levels, that poses a significant health risk. In this study, the preventive effects and potential mechanisms of ethanol extracts from Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis Mill.) fruits on HUA and uric acid nephropathy were comprehensively investigated. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in uric acid levels in hyperuricemia mice after treatment with Chinese sumac fruit extract, especially in the high-dose group, where the blood uric acid level decreased by 39.56%. Visual diagrams of the kidneys and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections showed the extract’s effectiveness in protecting against kidney damage caused by excessive uric acid. Further investigation into its mechanism revealed that the extract prevents and treats hyperuricemia by decreasing uric acid production, enhancing uric acid excretion, and mitigating the oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions induced by excessive uric acid in the kidneys. Specifically, the extract markedly decreased xanthine oxidase (XOD) levels and expression in the liver, elevated the expression of uric acid transporters ABCG2, and lowered the expression of uric acid reabsorption proteins URAT1 and SLC2A9. Simultaneously, it significantly elevated the levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH) while reducing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, the expression of uric-acid-related proteins NLRP3, ACS, and Caspase-3 and the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly reduced. The experimental results confirm that Chinese sumac fruit extract can improve HUA and uric acid nephropathy in mice fed a high-purine yeast diet. This finding establishes a theoretical foundation for developing Chinese sumac fruit as a functional food or medicine for preventing and treating HUA.
Medical students and mental health: prevalence of psychopathology symptoms and associated factors during COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Medical Students are at elevated risk of suffering a psychopathology and the COVID-19 pandemic has risen the prevalence of such pathologies in the population. Method: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study for prevalence determination applying a series of self-applied instruments (BDI-2, BAI, OCI-R, PANSI, and DAST-10) to a representative sample of freshmen to determine possible diagnoses of psychopathology. Data obtained was analysed using SPSS 27 Results: 59% showed symptomatology of at least one of studied psychopathologies. 47.8% showed more than one diagnosis, being the more frequent morbidities depression-anxiety (16.4%) and depression-anxiety-OCD (16.4%). The risk for presenting a psychopathology quadrupled (OR=4.3, p=0.05) in those who had a negative emotional impact by COVID-19. Students living by themselves had four times the risk (OR=4.1, p=0.06) of showing a psychiatric diagnosis than hose who live with any kind of companions. Conclusion: the mental health of Medical Students should be closely observed, and mental health interventions directed to social support systems publicized and applied.
Seasonal Changes in the Soil Microbial Community Structure in Urban Forests

Simple Summary In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the microbial community composition of six stands. The findings of this study revealed the seasonal variations in the microbial community of the bulk soil in urban forests, as well as the microbial community structure associated with different tree species. These results offer valuable insights for the selection and conservation of tree species within urban forest stands. Abstract Urban forests play a crucial role in the overall health and stability of urban ecosystems. Soil microorganisms are vital to the functioning of urban forest ecosystems as they facilitate material cycling and contribute to environmental stability. This study utilized high-throughput sequencing technology to examine the structural characteristics of bacterial and fungal communities in the bulk soil of six different forest stands: Phyllostachys pubescens (ZL), Metasequoia glyptostroboides (SSL), Cornus officinalis (SZY), mixed broad-leaved shrub forest (ZKG), mixed pine and cypress forest (SBL), and mixed broad-leaved tree forest (ZKQ). Soil samples were collected from each forest stand, including the corners, center, and edges of each plot, and a combined sample was created from the first five samples. The results revealed that among the bacterial communities, ZKG exhibited the highest alpha diversity in spring, while ZL demonstrated the highest alpha diversity in both summer and autumn. Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum in all six forest stand soils. The dominant fungal phylum across the six forest stands was identified as Ascomycota. Notably, the microbial community diversity of SBL bulk soil exhibited significant seasonal changes. Although ZL exhibited lower bacterial community diversity in spring, its fungal community diversity was the highest. The bulk soil microbial diversity of ZL and SSL surpassed that of the other forest stands, suggesting their importance in maintaining the stability of the urban forest ecosystem in the Zhuyu Bay Scenic Area. Furthermore, the diversity of the bulk soil microbial communities was higher in all six stands during spring compared to summer and autumn. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the seasonal variations of bulk soil microbial communities in urban forests and identifies dominant tree species, offering guidance for tree species’ selection and preservation in urban forest management.
Effects of simulated winter short photoperiods on the microbiome and intestinal metabolism in Huanghe carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)

Objective As one of the most important environmental signals, photoperiod plays a crucial role in regulating the growth, metabolism, and survival of organisms. The photoperiod shifts with the transition of the seasons. The difference in photoperiod between summer and winter is the greatest under natural conditions. However, the effect of photoperiod on Huanghe carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) was paid little attention. We investigated the impact of artificial manipulation of seasonal photoperiod on Huanghe carp by integrating growth performance, intestinal flora, and intestinal metabolome. Method We conducted an 8-week culture experiment with summer photoperiod (14 h light:10 h dark, n = 60) as the control group and winter photoperiod (10 h light:14 h dark, n = 60) based on the natural laws. Results Winter photoperiod provokes significant weight increases in Huanghe carp. The altered photoperiod contributed to a significant increase in triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and the gene expressions of lipid metabolism in the intestine of Huanghe carp. 16s rDNA sequencing revealed that winter photoperiod diminished intestinal flora diversity and altered the abundance. Specifically, the relative abundances of Fusobacteria and Acidobacteriota phyla were higher but Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes phyla were reduced. Analogously, photoperiodic changes induced a significant reduction in the Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Ralstonia, Acinetobacter, and Pseudoalteromonas at the genus level. Additionally, metabolomics analysis showed more than 50% of differential metabolites were associated with phospholipids and inflammation. Microbiome and metabolome correlation analyses revealed that intestinal microbe mediated lipid metabolism alteration. Conclusion The winter photoperiod induced intestinal flora imbalance and lipid metabolism modification, ultimately affecting the growth of Huanghe carp. This study provides new insights into the effects of seasonal photoperiodic alteration on the well-being of fish.