Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A One-Year Retrospective Analysis of Viral and Parasitological Agents in Wildlife Animals Admitted to a First Aid Hospital

Simple Summary In recent decades, wildlife populations in Italy have continued to expand, and some species are now present in large numbers with a wide geographical distribution. Viral and parasitic agents are an integral part of any wildlife population. The major changes in human land use, the tendency of some wild animals to get closer to urban areas in search of food, the increased interest in visiting protected natural areas, and the hunting of game as a food source increase the possibility of sharing natural areas between wild animals, livestock, pets, and humans. From an epidemiological point of view, these factors also increase the possibility of the exchange of pathogens between these groups. Therefore, wild animals can act as a source of infection for domestic animals and humans. This study represents a retrospective analysis including viral agents and parasites affecting a cohort of wild animals in Italy, providing a comprehensive overview of their health status. Overall, a large number of animals tested positive for at least one pathogen, and many were infected with more than two agents, showing a wide range of pathogens responsible for intra- and interspecific transmission in wild populations living in the study areas. Abstract This study aimed to provide information on the presence and frequency of viral and parasitic agents in wildlife presented to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in 2020–2021. Serum and faecal samples were collected from 50 rescued animals (roe deer, fallow deer, foxes, badgers, pine martens, and porcupines) and examined by serological, molecular, and parasitological techniques. Transtracheal wash (TTW) was also collected post-mortem from roe deer. Overall, the results of the different techniques showed infections with the following viral and parasitic agents: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, Small Ruminant Lentiviruses, Kobuvirus, Astrovirus, Canine Adenovirus 1, Bopivirus, gastrointestinal strongyles, Capillaria, Ancylostomatidae, Toxocara canis, Trichuris vulpis, Hymenolepis, Strongyloides, Eimeria, Isospora, Dictyocaulus, Angiostrongylus vasorum, Crenosoma, Dirofilaria immitis, Neospora caninum, Giardia duodenalis, and Cryptosporidium. Sequencing (Tpi locus) identified G. duodenalis sub-assemblages AI and BIV in one roe deer and one porcupine, respectively. Adult lungworms collected from the TTW were identified as Dictyocaulus capreolus (COX1 gene). This is the first molecular identification of G. duodenalis sub-assemblage AI and D. capreolus in roe deer in Italy. These results show a wide presence of pathogens in wild populations and provide an overview of environmental health surveillance.
Printing Formation of Flexible (001)-Oriented PZT Films on Plastic Substrates

High-quality, uniaxially oriented, and flexible PbZr0.52Ti0. 48O3 (PZT) films were fabricated on flexible RbLaNb2O7/BaTiO3 (RLNO/BTO)-coated polyimide (PI) substrates. All layers were fabricated by a photo-assisted chemical solution deposition (PCSD) process using KrF laser irradiation for photocrystallization of the printed precursors. The Dion–Jacobson perovskite RLNO thin films on flexible PI sheets were employed as seed layers for the uniaxially oriented growth of PZT films. To obtain the uniaxially oriented RLNO seed layer, a BTO nanoparticle-dispersion interlayer was fabricated to avoid PI substrate surface damage under excess photothermal heating, and the RLNO has been orientedly grown only at around 40 mJ·cm−2 at 300 °C. The prepared RLNO seed layer on the BTO/PI substrate showed very high (010)-oriented growth with a very high Lotgering factor (F(010) = 1.0). By using the flexible (010)-oriented RLNO film on BTO/PI, PZT film crystal growth was possible via KrF laser irradiation of a sol–gel-derived precursor film at 50 mJ·cm−2 at 300 °C. The obtained PZT film showed highly (001)-oriented growth on the flexible plastic substrates with F(001) = 0.92 without any micro-cracks. The RLNO was only uniaxial-oriented grown at the top part of the RLNO amorphous precursor layer. The oriented grown and amorphous phases of RLNO would have two important roles for this multilayered film formation: (1) triggering orientation growth of the PZT film at the top and (2) the stress relaxation of the underneath BTO layer to suppress the micro-crack formation. This is the first time that PZT films have been crystallized directly on flexible substrates. The combined processes of photocrystallization and chemical solution deposition are a cost-effective and highly on-demand process for the fabrication of flexible devices.
Hexagonal-Triangular Combinatorial Structure Based Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna for GAGAN Receivers

A multilayer gap-coupled dual-band hexagonal microstrip patch antenna is presented for GPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) receivers. GAGAN is developed by AAI (Airport Authority of India) and ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) exclusively for aviation purposes, with GPS frequencies of L5 (1176.45 MHz) and L1 (1575.42 MHz). The proposed GAGAN antenna has three trapezoidal and four equilateral triangular patch resonators configured to form a gap-coupled hexagonal patch on the top layer and seven equilateral triangular patches with slots in between to form the middle layer. Both layers are fed by a single coax feed to achieve a dual-band compact microstrip antenna with dimensions of 55 mm x 55 mm x 3.2 mm. Instead of designing the hexagonal antenna conventionally from a circular patch antenna, the sides of the equilateral triangular patch are truncated to obtain the proposed compact hexagonal antenna, as the triangular antenna occupies less area than circular or square patches for a fixed frequency. To bring novelty with improved performance, the combinatorial structured configuration is explored through step-by-step optimization. GAGAN requirements, such as circular polarization with a single input, dual-band operation, and high gain with gain flatness, are achieved with this compact structured antenna when compared to square and circular patch antennas. Combinatorial structures, such as perturbation and truncation, introduced in the patches are responsible for exciting two near-degenerate orthogonal modes that produce circular polarization (CP). A cross-slot etched in the center patch results in gain enhancement with a gain above 3.2 dBi over a bandwidth of 20 MHz in both bands. Five shorting pins are added to achieve high impedance matching and good CP, with an axial ratio (AR) of less than 2 dB. The simulated and measured results are found to be in good agreement with greater than 20 MHz operational bandwidth exhibiting CP with an omni-directional radiation pattern having high cross-polar levels of -22 dB. The size reduction achieved in the proposed design is 56.79% compared with the conventional hexagonal patch antenna. The measured 10 dB impedance bandwidth is 2.7% and 2.1% for L5 and L1 bands respectively with a 3 dB AR bandwidth of 2.3% for L5 and 2.0% for L1, satisfying the GAGAN requirements.
Role of fungi in bioremediation of emerging pollutants

Advancements in chemical, medical, cosmetic, and plastic producing industries have improved agricultural yields, health and human life in general. As a negative consequence, a plethora of chemicals are intentionally and unintentionally released to terrestrial and aquatic environments with sometimes devastating effects for entire ecosystems. One mitigation strategy to counteract this pollution is bioremediation. Bioremediation is an umbrella term for biologically mediated processes during which an undesired compound is transformed, degraded, sequestered and/or entirely removed from the ecosystem. Organisms across all domains of life may mediate bioremediation; yet, fungi are particularly promising candidates. They possess metabolic capabilities to break down complex molecules which make fungi the ultimate degraders of recalcitrant organic matter in nature. Bioremediation by fungi, also termed mycoremediation, has been more frequently investigated in terrestrial than aquatic ecosystems, although fungi also thrive in lacustrine and marine environments. Here, we focus on mycoremediation of emerging pollutants in aquatic environments. In this context, we draw parallels between terrestrial and aquatic fungal taxa, and their role in mycoremediation. We discuss the ability of fungi to break-down (i) pesticides, (ii) pharmaceuticals and personal care products, (iii) plastics, both conventional types and (iv) bioplastics, and fungal role, (v) mitigation of heavy metal pollution. Furthermore, we (vi) discuss possible mycoremediation strategies in applied settings and highlight novel enzyme based mycoremediation strategies.
Unravelling the Mechanism and Governing Factors in Lewis Acid and Non-Covalent Diels–Alder Catalysis: Different Perspectives

In the current literature, many non-covalent interaction (NCI) donors have been proposed that can potentially catalyze Diels-Alder (DA) reactions. In this study, a detailed analysis of the governing factors in Lewis acid and non-covalent catalysis of three types of DA reactions was carried out, for which we selected a set of hydrogen-, halogen-, chalcogen-, and pnictogen-bond donors. We found that the more stable the NCI donor–dienophile complex, the larger the reduction in DA activation energy. We also showed that for active catalysts, a significant part of the stabilization was caused by orbital interactions, though electrostatic interactions dominated. Traditionally, DA catalysis was attributed to improved orbital interactions between the diene and dienophile. Recently, Vermeeren and co-workers applied the activation strain model (ASM) of reactivity, combined with the Ziegler-Rauk-type energy decomposition analysis (EDA), to catalyzed DA reactions in which energy contributions for the uncatalyzed and catalyzed reaction were compared at a consistent geometry. They concluded that reduced Pauli repulsion energy, and not enhanced orbital interaction energy, was responsible for the catalysis. However, when the degree of asynchronicity of the reaction is altered to a large extent, as is the case for our studied hetero-DA reactions, the ASM should be employed with caution. We therefore proposed an alternative and complementary approach, in which EDA values for the catalyzed transition-state geometry, with the catalyst present or deleted, can be compared one to one, directly measuring the effect of the catalyst on the physical factors governing the DA catalysis. We discovered that enhanced orbital interactions are often the main driver for catalysis and that Pauli repulsion plays a varying role.
Perceived Appropriateness of Assessing for Health-related Socioeconomic Risks Among Adult Patients with Cancer

Cancer treatment can trigger or exacerbate health-related socioeconomic risks (HRSR; food/housing insecurity, transportation/utilities difficulties, and interpersonal violence). The American Cancer Society and National Cancer Institute recommend HRSR screening and referral, but little research has examined the perceptions of patients with cancer on the appropriateness of HRSR screening in healthcare settings. We examined whether HRSR status, desire for assistance with HRSRs, and sociodemographic and health care–related factors were associated with perceived appropriateness of HRSR screening in health care settings and comfort with HRSR documentation in electronic health records (EHR). A convenience sample of adult patients with cancer at two outpatient clinics completed self-administered surveys. We used χ2 and Fisher exact tests to test for significant associations. The sample included 154 patients (72% female, 90% ages 45 years or older). Thirty-six percent reported ≥1 HRSRs and 27% desired assistance with HRSRs. Overall, 80% thought it was appropriate to assess for HRSRs in health care settings. The distributions of HRSR status and sociodemographic characteristics were similar among people who perceived screening to be appropriate and those who did not. Participants who perceived screening as appropriate were three times as likely to report prior experience with HRSR screening (31% vs. 10%, P = 0.01). Moreover, 60% felt comfortable having HRSRs documented in the EHR. Comfort with EHR documentation of HRSRs was significantly higher among patients desiring assistance with HRSRs (78%) compared with those who did not (53%, P < 0.01). While initiatives for HRSR screening are likely to be seen by patients with cancer as appropriate, concerns may remain over electronic documentation of HRSRs. Significance: National organizations recommend addressing HRSRs such as food/housing insecurity, transportation/utilities difficulties, and interpersonal violence among patients with cancer. In our study, most patients with cancer perceived screening for HRSRs in clinical settings as appropriate. Meanwhile, concerns may remain over the documentation of HRSRs in EHRs.
Mining the source of resistance for downy mildew and gummy stem blight in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) accessions

Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. ] is an important vegetable crop widely cultivated during summer and kharif season throughout the country. Seventeen advance lines of bottle gourd were artificially screened for downy mildew. Among them, only VRBG-12 showed resistance with lowest PDI value of 6.5%. Three lines (VRBG-26, VRBG-47 and VRBG-17) were moderately resistant (15.7-21.7%), four (VRBG-11, VRBG-20, VRBG-49 and VRBG-56) moderately susceptible (30.4-40.2%), five (VRBG-52, VRBG-5, VRBG-10, VRBG-66 and VRBG-53) susceptible (59.3-69.2%) and the remaining four lines (VRBG-33, VRBG-48, DVBG-01 and VRBG-61) were highly susceptible (79.2-90.75%). Fifty one accessions were screened against gummy stem blight and none were found immune/resistant under field condition. Out of 51 lines, least severity (28.8%) was observed in VRBG-556, 13 were moderately susceptible with the PDI ranging between 28.80 to 49.44, 32 were found to be susceptible (50.4-74.4%) and 6 highly susceptible (75.2-87.2%). These potential genotypes can be used further in breeding programs of bottle gourd against downy mildew and gummy stem blight.
Estimates for the Norm of the nth Indefinite Integral

Let T be the Volterra operator on L2[0, 1] Tf(x)=∫0xf(t)dt, where f ∈ L2[0, 1], 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1. It is well known that ‖n! Tn‖ = O(1/n! ). In a recent paper [1], D. Kershaw has proved that limn→∞‖n! Tn‖=1/2, a result which was first conjectured by Lao and Whitley in [2]. It is easy to prove that limn→∞ sup‖n! Tn‖⩽1/2, For completeness, we give the proof using the familiar Schmidt norm estimate for the norm of an integral operator (see Section 2 below). Kershaw proves that lim infn→∞‖n! Tn‖⩾1/2 by analysing the special positivity preserving properties of T*T. He uses one of the many abstract theorems on eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of compact operators which preserve a cone. In this paper we shall reprove (1), giving a short and direct proof of (2). 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 47G10, 45‐04.
Temperature and frequency dependence of exchange anisotropy effects in oxidized NiFe films

Hysteresis loops have been measured for thin NiFe films between 5 and 300 K using the magneto‐optic Kerr effect. Films that are free of any surface oxide do not show a displacement of the easy‐axis loop along the field axis, and the coercive force and anisotropy field are very weak functions of the temperature. Oxidized films show striking exchange anisotropy effects; displaced loops appear below a transition temperature ranging from 30 to 90 K as the film is more heavily oxidized. Loop width and anisotropy field increase with decreasing temperature, exhibiting a change in slope in the neighborhood of the transition temperature. The steady‐state parameters have characteristic frequency dependences; with increasing frequency the loop displacement and anisotropy field increase and the loop width decreases in the range 0.05–100 Hz. The interpretation of these results in terms of thermal aftereffect taking place in the antiferromagnetic oxide is presented in a companion paper.
Psychosocial safety climate and self-efficacy: Moderating role of job-related expectations in Pakistani private-sector employees during the COVID-19 pandemic

The labor force in Pakistan comprises 59.8 million individuals. The employees have faced major changes in work dynamics and psychosocial safety climate during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the current study is to find the relationship between psychosocial safety climate, self-efficacy, and job-related expectations. It explores the moderating role of job-related expectations on the relationship between psychosocial safety climate and self-efficacy. It was hypothesized that there is likely to be a significant relationship between psychosocial safety climate, self-efficacy, and job-related expectations, job-related expectations are likely to moderate the relationship between psychosocial safety climate and self-efficacy, and there are likely to be differences between married and unmarried employees; men and women; satisfied and unsatisfied employees with respect to psychosocial safety, self-efficacy, and job-related expectations. A correlational research design and a convenience sampling strategy were used. A total of 281 employees (M = 30.74 years, SD = 10.99) of the private-sector (including educational, industrial, and IT) organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic were part of the study. Results show that psychosocial safety climate had a positive significant relationship with job-related expectations and self-efficacy. Job expectations also significantly correlated with self-efficacy. There were significant differences in measures of study variables with respect to gender, marital status, and employee satisfaction. This research has implications for administration, managers, policymakers, and organizational psychologists.
Residual Stress Distribution in a Copper-Aluminum Multifilament Composite Fabricated by Rotary Swaging

Rotary swaging is a promising technique for the fabrication of clad Cu/Al composites. Residual stresses appearing during the processing of a special arrangement of Al filaments within the Cu matrix and the influence of the bar reversal between the passes were studied by (i) neutron diffraction using a novel evaluation procedure for pseudo-strain correction and (ii) a finite element method simulation. The initial study of the stress differences in the Cu phase allowed us to infer that the stresses around the central Al filament are hydrostatic when the sample is reversed during the passes. This fact enabled the calculation of the stress-free reference and, consequently, the analysis of the hydrostatic and deviatoric components. Finally, the stresses with the von Mises relation were calculated. Hydrostatic stresses (far from the filaments) and axial deviatoric stresses are zero or compressive for both reversed and non-reversed samples. The reversal of the bar direction slightly changes the overall state within the region of high density of Al filaments, where hydrostatic stresses tend to be tensile, but it seems to be advantageous for avoiding plastification in the regions without Al wires. The finite element analysis revealed the presence of shear stresses; nevertheless, stresses calculated with the von Mises relation show similar trends in the simulation and in the neutron measurements. Microstresses are suggested as a possible reason for the large width of the neutron diffraction peak in the measurement of the radial direction.
A Fuzzy Hybrid MCDM Approach for Assessing the Emergency Department Performance during the COVID-19 Outbreak

The use of emergency departments (EDs) has increased during the COVID-19 outbreak, thereby evidencing the key role of these units in the overall response of healthcare systems to the current pandemic scenario. Nevertheless, several disruptions have emerged in the practical scenario including low throughput, overcrowding, and extended waiting times. Therefore, there is a need to develop strategies for upgrading the response of these units against the current pandemic. Given the above, this paper presents a hybrid fuzzy multicriteria decision-making model (MCDM) to evaluate the performance of EDs and create focused improvement interventions. First, the intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (IF-AHP) technique is used to estimate the relative priorities of criteria and sub-criteria considering uncertainty. Then, the intuitionistic fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (IF-DEMATEL) is employed to calculate the interdependence and feedback between criteria and sub-criteria under uncertainty, Finally, the combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) is implemented to rank the EDs and detect their weaknesses to device suitable improvement plans. The aforementioned methodology was validated in three emergency centers in Turkey. The results revealed that the most important criterion in ED performance was ER facilities (14.4%), while Procedures and protocols evidenced the highest positive D + R value (18.239) among the dispatchers and is therefore deemed as the main generator within the performance network.
The Water Vapor Abundance in Circumstellar Envelopes

The maser emission of the para-H2O 313 → 220 line at 183 GHz in O-rich evolved stars has been modeled to account for the empirical characteristics of this line reported by González-Alfonso et al. Likewise, efforts have been made to derive water vapor abundance in these sources. The Sobolev or large velocity gradient (LVG) method has been employed to study the intensity of this line as a function of source properties and physical conditions (i.e., mass-loss rate, p-H2O abundance, velocity field, kinetic temperature profile, stellar luminosity, and the set of collisional rates adopted in the calculations). It has been found that the intensity of the 313 → 220 line is sensitive to the mass-loss rate, the p-H2O abundance, and the terminal velocity of the envelope, but it is rather insensitive to the rest of the parameters in stars with high mass-loss rates ( > 10-6 M☉ yr-1). The models reproduce the main spectral characteristics of the emission at 183 GHz in the latter sources. A global fit to the data proves that the observational luminosities can be explained by assuming an H2O abundance relative to H2 [x(H2O)] of 1-2 × 10-4. Detailed fitting to the line profile in five selected objects yields a similar value for x(H2O). The validity of the LVG approach has been verified by modeling the maser emission at 183 GHz through a nonlocal radiative transfer code. The model calculations with both methods lead to similar results. The pumping of the first bending mode of water vapor through absorption of photons emitted by the dust and the star has been also simulated. This effect is found to be important in the pumping of the H2O rotational levels. Hence, in order to recover LVG results, the water abundance must be increased by a factor of ≈2 for stars with high mass-loss rates. Consequently, x(H2O) has been estimated to be 3 × 10-4 within a factor ≃2. With this value for x(H2O), the expected near- and far-infrared spectra of the circumstellar envelopes of O-rich stars for several mass-loss rates have also been computed. Hence, it is possible to predict that, in some stars, the ro-vibrational lines of the 6 μm water vapor band with wavelengths longer that 6.3 μm—the P-branch—can be observed in emission, rather than in absorption.