Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The distribution of the warm and dense molecular gas around Cepheus A HW 2

We present VLA observations of the (J, K)=(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3) and (4, 4) inversion transitions of NH3 toward the HW 2 object in Cepheus A, with 1-arcsec angular resolution. Emission is detected in the main hyperfine line of the first three transitions. The NH3(2, 2) emission shows a non-uniform ‘ring’ structure, which is more extended (3 arcsec) and intense than the emission seen in the (1, 1) and (3, 3) lines. A rotational temperature of ∼ 30–50 K and a lower limit to the mass of ∼ 1 (XNH3/10−8)−1 M⊙ are derived for the ring structure. The spatio-kinematical distribution of the NH3 emission does not seem to be consistent with a simple circumstellar disc around the HW 2 thermal biconical radio jet. We suggest that it represents the remnant of the parental core from which both the inner 300-au (0.4 arcsec) disc, traced by the water maser spots previously found in the region, and the central object have formed. The complex velocity field of this core is probably produced from bound motions (similar to those of the inner disc) and from interaction with outflowing material.
Measurement of quasielastic-like neutrino scattering at 
⟨Eν⟩∼3.5  GeV
 on a hydrocarbon target

MINERvA presents a new analysis of neutrino induced quasielastic-like interactions in a hydrocarbon tracking target. We report a double-differential cross section using the muon transverse and longitudinal momentum. In addition, differential cross sections as a function of the square of the four-momentum transferred and the neutrino energy are calculated using a quasielastic hypothesis. Finally, an analysis of energy deposited near the interaction vertex is presented. These results are compared to modified genie predictions as well as a NuWro prediction. All results use a data set produced by 3.34×1020 protons on target creating a neutrino beam with a peak energy of approximately 3.5 GeV.
Hyperbolic Black Holes and Open String Production

In this paper we investigate open string pair production effects near hyperbolic black holes in AdS$_5$. We study the classical dynamics of D3 probe branes in this background and their quantum tunneling rate across the horizon from the inside using a method similar to that of Kraus, Parikh and Wilczek. The hyperbolic black holes can decay through these tunneling events and their lifetime is estimated. The radiated branes move towards the boundary and do not bounce back. Their world-lines do not intersect directly and they do not hit the singularity either, providing a clean scenario for studying the non-adiabatic pair production effects of open strings stretched between them near horizon. We find that there is a well defined parameter regime where there can be significant pair production. This requires the radiated branes to be highly boosted. However, the radiation of such branes still has small back-reaction on the black hole background, though the open string pair production on them can potentially alter the background. We comment on the possible relation of our model and the AMPS paradox. Some issues and future directions are discussed in the end.
Consequences of the external field effect for MOND disc galaxies in galaxy clusters

Galaxies within galaxy clusters are known to be subject to a wide variety of environmental effects, both gravitational and hydrodynamical. In this study, we examine the purely gravitational interaction of idealised galaxy models falling into a galaxy cluster in the context of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). This modification of gravity gives rise to an external field effect (EFE), where the internal dynamics of a system are affected by the presence of external gravitational fields. We examine the consequences of the EFE on low and high mass disk galaxies in time-evolving analytic background cluster potentials, considering orbits with weak and strong tidal fields. By varying the orbital plane of the galaxies we also test the effect of having the tidal interaction orthogonal or parallel to the disk. Furthermore, we consider as a control sample models where the EFE has been removed and they are only affected by tides. Our results suggest that MOND cluster galaxies should exhibit clear asymmetries in their isophotes, suffer increased mass loss and a reduction in their rotation curves due to the combined effect of cluster tides and the external field. In particular, low mass galaxies are hit hard by the EFE, becoming dominated by dispersion rather than rotation even in the absence of tides.
On Correspondence of BRST-BFV, Dirac, and Refined Algebraic Quantizations of Constrained Systems

Abstract The correspondence between BRST-BFV, Dirac, and refined algebraic (group averaging, projection operator) approaches to quantizing constrained systems is analyzed. For the closed-algebra case, it is shown that the component of the BFV wave function corresponding to maximal (minimal) value of number of ghosts and antighosts in the Schrodinger representation may be viewed as a wave function in the refined algebraic (Dirac) quantization approach. The Giulini–Marolf group averaging formula for the inner product in the refined algebraic quantization approach is obtained from the Batalin–Marnelius prescription for the BRST-BFV inner product, which should be generally modified due to topological problems. The considered prescription for the correspondence of states is observed to be applicable to the open-algebra case. The refined algebraic quantization approach is generalized then to the case of nontrivial structure functions. A simple example is discussed. The correspondence of observables for different quantization methods is also investigated.
Zeros of functions in the Bergman spaces

A function/(z) analytic in the unit disk is said to belong to the Bergman space A (0<p<oo) if §>ffî\f(re)\rdr d6<oo.Itis clear that ,4* contains the Hardy space H of analytic functions for which limr_i J§*| f(re )\ d6< oo. We adopt the convention that A=H, the space of bounded analytic functions in the disc. Assuming that /(O) 5*0, we list the zeros of/in order of nondecreasing modulus: 0<|z 1 |^ |z 2 |^ |z 3 |^• -<l . We repeat zi according to the multiplicity of the zero of /a t zt. The sequence {zj is called the zero set of/ If f e A* (resp. H), then zi will be called an A* (resp. H») zero set. It has long been known that H zero sets (0<p^oo) are completely characterized by the condition 7 j £ i l/\zk\<oo. (Equivalently, 2 £ i l — |zfc|<oo.) In particular, the condition is independent of p. Our results show that the situation for A zero sets is considerably more complex.
High mobility in a van der Waals layered antiferromagnetic metal

We introduce a van der Waals material that exhibits a very high electronic mobility and antiferromagnetism and can be exfoliated. Van der Waals (vdW) materials with magnetic order have been heavily pursued for fundamental physics as well as for device design. Despite the rapid advances, so far, they are mainly insulating or semiconducting, and none of them has a high electronic mobility—a property that is rare in layered vdW materials in general. The realization of a high-mobility vdW material that also exhibits magnetic order would open the possibility for novel magnetic twistronic or spintronic devices. Here, we report very high carrier mobility in the layered vdW antiferromagnet GdTe3. The electron mobility is beyond 60,000 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is the highest among all known layered magnetic materials, to the best of our knowledge. Among all known vdW materials, the mobility of bulk GdTe3 is comparable to that of black phosphorus. By mechanical exfoliation, we further demonstrate that GdTe3 can be exfoliated to ultrathin flakes of three monolayers.
Star formation in outer rings of S0 galaxies

Aims. Even though S0 galaxies are usually thought to be ‘red and dead’, they often demonstrate star formation organised in ring structures. We try to clarify the nature of this phenomenon and the difference between this occurrence and star formation in spiral galaxies. The luminous S0 galaxy with a large ring, UGC 5936, is studied in this work. Methods. We measured gas and star kinematics by applying long-slit spectroscopy along the major axis of UGC 5936, as well as Lick indices for the main body of the galaxy and strong emission-line flux ratios in the ring. After inspecting the gas excitation in the ring using line ratio diagnostic diagrams and having ensured that it is ionised mostly by young stars, we determined the gas oxygen abundance with popular strong-line methods. We also proved the spatial proximity of the south-eastern dwarf satellite to UGC 5936 and measured its gas metallicity. Results. The ionised gas of the ring is excited by young stars and has solar metallicity. Star formation in the ring is rather prolonged and its intensity corresponds to the current HI content of UGC 5936 (to the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation). The whole morphology of the HI distribution implies current accretion of the cold gas from the satellite onto the outer disc of UGC 5936. The accretion being smooth and laminar provides a favourable condition for star formation ignition; this is a consequence of the satellite location and rotation in the plane of the stellar disc of the host galaxy.
Teaching Competencies and Professional Commitment: Relationship to Job Satisfaction of Senior High School Teachers

This study determined the teaching competencies, professional commitment, and job satisfaction of 62 Senior High School Teachers from the Divisions of San Jose City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines. The findings showed that the mean age of the respondents was 35 years, females, Bachelor of Secondary Education graduates, had 0–4 years in teaching, were Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) passers, and Teacher II in position. The teaching competency of the respondents was rated as strongly agree. Moreover, the professional commitment was rated as moderately agree. Job satisfaction was generally described as agree. The teaching competencies of the respondents were significantly correlated with job satisfaction. Furthermore, professional commitment has a negative relationship with the job satisfaction of the respondents.
Numerical Investigation of the Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow around the Square-Section Cylinder Using a Multi-Scale Turbulence Model

The upward gas-liquid cross flow around a square cylinder was simulated using two fluid model with the multi-scale turbulent model based on the variable interval time average method. The computational results show that the multi-scale turbulent model can successfully simulate lift coefficient, drag coefficient and vortex shedding characteristics of flow around a body, and can also accurately predict the void fraction distribution and flow structure. Compared with the experimental data, the results of the multi-scale model are better than that of Standard k-ε model and RNG k-ε model. Hence, the study of this paper certificates further that this model can be used in the simulation of the gas-liquid flow around bluff bodies and outher engineering application.
Social protection of children with disabilities before the change of regime and at present

The integration of people with disabilities and the normalisation of their living conditions appear to be a key goal in today’s social approach. However, it is not enough to change the social approach alone in order to achieve integration, we need instruments which are able to support the social participation, self-determination and normalisation of people with disabilities. Such instruments can be defined as follows: a wide range of social welfare support and social services ensured by the state. It is indispensable to help, support and strengthen families which raise a child with disabilities, consequently social policy instruments should be extended to families as well. The present study aims at providing an overview of how children with disabilities and their families were supported during the socialist regime and in the subsequent period. We used a qualitative case study, for the preparation of which secondary research and document analysis were conducted. Our analysis focused on the research question whether following the change of regime there was a change of attitude in the fields of social policy which could promote the improvement of the quality of life of children with disabilities and their families. On the other hand, do the benefits and services provided by the social care system support the integration, normalisation and self-determination of children with disabilities, as well as their upbringing in a family environment? The results of our analysis show that following the change of regime a slow change guided by the modern approach to disability began, which by continuously adding an element at a time attempts to help children with disabilities and their families. A Hungarian disability strategy which would thoroughly define a social policy adapted to the needs of those concerned is badly needed.
Detection of a high-mass prestellar core candidate in W43-MM1

Aims. To constrain the physical processes that lead to the birth of high-mass stars it is mandatory to study the very first stages of their formation. We search for high-mass analogs of low-mass prestellar cores in W43-MM1. Methods. We conducted a 1.3 mm ALMA mosaic of the complete W43-MM1 cloud, which has revealed numerous cores with ~2000 au FWHM sizes. We investigated the nature of cores located at the tip of the main filament, where the clustering is minimum. We used the continuum emission to measure the core masses and the 13CS(5-4) line emission to estimate their turbulence level. We also investigated the prestellar or protostellar nature of these cores by searching for outflow signatures traced by CO(2-1) and SiO(5-4) line emission, and for molecular complexity typical of embedded hot cores. Results. Two high-mass cores of ~1300 au diameter and ~60 M⊙ mass are observed to be turbulent but gravitationally bound. One drives outflows and is associated with a hot core. The other core, W43-MM1#6, does not yet reveal any star formation activity and thus is an excellent high-mass prestellar core candidate.
The Star Formation Law in Galactic Disks

Measurements of the distribution of H-alpha emission in galaxies are combined with published H I and CO data in order to reassess the dependence of the massive star formation rate (SFR) on the density and dynamics of the interstellar gas. The disk-averaged H-alpha surface brightness is correlated with the mean atomic and total gas surface densities, but is only weakly correlated with the mean molecular gas density inferred from CO emission. Radial profiles of gas and H-alpha emission in 15 galaxies are used to define the relationship between the SFR and gas surface density. In dense regions, the SFR and total gas density are well-represented by a Schmidt power-law relation. This Schmidt law breaks down, however, at densities below a critical threshold value. Massive star formation is completely suppressed at surface densities well below the threshold, while at densities near the threshold value the slope of the SFR-density relation is much steeper than a normal Schmidt law. A simple Toomre disk stability model predicts threshold densities and radii which are in excellent agreement with observations. 111 refs.
Physical properties of MgO at deep planetary conditions

Using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we calculate the physical properties of MgO at conditions extending from the ones encountered in the Earth mantle up to the ones anticipated in giant planet interiors such as Jupiter. We pay particular attention to the high pressure melting temperature throughout this large density range as this is a key ingredient for building accurate planetary interior models with a realistic description of the inner core. We compare our simulation results with previous ab initio calculations that have been so far limited to the pressure range corresponding to the Earth mantle and the stability of B1-B2 transition around 6 Mbar. We provide our results for both the EOS and high pressure melting curve in parametric forms for direct use in planetary models. Finally, we compare our predictions of the high pressure melting temperature with various interior profiles to deduce the state of differentiated layer within the core made of MgO in various types of planets and exoplanets.
Predictions of the WFIRST Microlensing Survey. I. Bound Planet Detection Rates

The Wide Field InfraRed Survey Telescope (WFIRST) is the next NASA astrophysics flagship mission, to follow the James Webb Space Telescope. The WFIRST mission was chosen as the top-priority large space mission of the 2010 astronomy and astrophysics decadal survey in order to achieve three primary goals: to study dark energy via a wide-field imaging survey, to study exoplanets via a microlensing survey, and to enable a guest observer program. Here we assess the ability of the several WFIRST designs to achieve the goal of the microlensing survey to discover a large sample of cold, low-mass exoplanets with semimajor axes beyond roughly one astronomical unit, which are largely impossible to detect with any other technique. We present the results of a suite of simulations that span the full range of the proposed WFIRST architectures, from the original design envisioned by the decadal survey, to the current design, which utilizes a 2.4 m telescope donated to NASA. By studying such a broad range of architectures, we are able to determine the impact of design trades on the expected yields of detected exoplanets. In estimating the yields we take particular care to ensure that our assumed Galactic model predicts microlensing event rates that match observations, consider the impact that inaccuracies in the Galactic model might have on the yields, and ensure that numerical errors in light-curve computations do not bias the yields for the smallest-mass exoplanets. For the nominal baseline WFIRST design and a fiducial planet mass function, we predict that a total of ∼1400 bound exoplanets with mass greater than ∼0.1 M⊕ should be detected, including ∼200 with mass ≲3 M⊕. WFIRST should have sensitivity to planets with mass down to ∼0.02 M⊕, or roughly the mass of Ganymede.
A survey study of delirium attitudes and knowledge among hospital medicine clinicians

grams for weight management in rural communities: the treatment of obesity in underserved rural settings (TOURS) randomized trial. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(21):2347-2354. doi: 10.1001/archinte.168. 21.2347 9. Waters DL, Vawter R, Qualls C, Chode S, ArmamentoVillareal R, Villareal DT. Long-term maintenance of weight loss after lifestyle intervention in frail, obese older adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2013;17(1):3-7. doi:10.1007/s12603-012-0421-5
Inadequate Choline Intake in Pregnant Women in Germany

Choline is an essential nutrient that is involved in various developmental processes during pregnancy. While the general adequate choline intake (AI) for adults has been set at 400 mg/day by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), an AI of 480 mg/day has been derived for pregnant women. To date, the choline intake of pregnant women in Germany has not been investigated yet. Therefore, in this survey, the total choline intake from dietary and supplementary sources in pregnant women was estimated using an online questionnaire. A total of 516 pregnant women participated in the survey, of which 283 met the inclusion criteria (13 to 41 weeks of gestational age, 19–45 years). 224 (79%) of the participants followed an omnivorous diet, 59 (21%) were vegetarian or vegan. Median choline intake was 260.4 (±141.4) mg/day, and only 19 women (7%) achieved the adequate choline intake. The median choline intake of omnivores was significantly higher than that of vegetarians/vegans (269.5 ± 141.5 mg/day vs. 205.2 ± 101.2 mg/day; p < 0.0001). 5% (13/283) of pregnant women took choline-containing dietary supplements. In these women, dietary supplements provided 19% of the total choline intake. Due to the importance of choline for the developmental processes during pregnancy, the study results prove the urgent need for an improved choline supply for pregnant women.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Willingness to Pay for Emergency Public Dental Services in Saudi Arabia: A Contingent Valuation Approach

Dental diseases remain major health problems worldwide, leading to pain, discomfort, and even death. In Saudi Arabia, public dental care services (i.e., services provided by government-owned health facilities) are provided free of charge for all Saudi citizens. However, public dental care facilities are overburdened and overcrowded, resulting in long waiting times to access dental care services. The consequent limited access to dental services can prolong discomfort and delay pain management, thereby exacerbating the suffering of patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the socioeconomic determinants of the willingness to pay for immediate public dental care in the face of a dental emergency in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional design was employed to obtain data from adult citizens of Saudi Arabia who were residents of the Holy City of Makkah. A pre-tested online questionnaire was used to obtain the responses from 549 individuals, selected through a snowball sampling technique, from 15 July to 10 August 2021. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages), Pearson’s chi-square test, and binary probit regression were used as estimation techniques. The findings showed that 79.4% of the respondents were willing to pay for immediate public dental services, with the majority (86%) expressing a willingness to pay less than 500 Saudi Riyal (SAR). The binary probit regression estimates showed that respondents who were unemployed, those with a high school level of education or below, and those without private health insurance were less likely to be willing to pay for immediate public dental services. Thus, policies and initiatives aimed at enhancing the willingness to pay for immediate public dental services should target the unemployed, those with a high school level of education or below, and people without private health insurance.
The Effect of Dividend Policy, Debt Policy, And Profitability on The Value of Automotive Companies Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange 2017-2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of dividend policy, in this case, reflected by the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), debt policy which is reflected by the Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER), and profitability which is reflected by the Return on Assets (ROA) of the firm value. reflected by Price to Book Value (PBV). This study uses a population of automotive companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 research period with a research sample of 11 companies selected using the purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear regression and t-test with a significance value of 0.05. The results of the F test reflect if dividend policy, debt policy, and profitability affect firm value.