Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PPA_A_353525 1233..1245

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. Diabetes mellitus has a major effect on patients’ quality of life, especially when the patient has other comorbidities. Therefore, this study aims to assess the quality of life of type 2 diabetic patients in the Al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which was conducted from September 2020 to May 2021 on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia. Inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with T2DM and aged 18 years and older. The EQ-5D-5L tool was used in this study to measure the quality of life. Results: A total of 321 patients with T2DM participated in the study. Only 8.4% of the study participants reported that their disease did not let them do their daily activities at all. The most commonly reported problems related to diabetes mellitus and its effect on patients’ quality of life were pain/discomfort (around 68.0% of the patients reported some sort of problems in this dimension), followed by mobility, and depression and anxiety. There was a significant difference between males and females in terms of their quality of life, specifically self-care, pain and discomfort, and depression and anxiety (p<0.05). Patients from different marital statuses, education levels, employment status, and duration of the disease showed a significant difference in quality of life, except for depression and anxiety (p>0.05). Conclusion: Pain/discomfort, mobility, and depression/anxiety are the main problems that are affecting diabetic patients’ quality of life. Future studies are recommended to explore the effectiveness of patient tailored interventions to decrease the negative impact of these dimensions on patients’ quality of life.
Quality of Life and Psychosocial Impact of the Lockdown Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Cancer: Results of a Preliminary Analysis †

: The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life and the psychosocial impact of the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patients in Italy using a questionnaire aiming to detect the psychosocial impact of the lockdown. Among their basic needs, psychological and medical support appeared to be prevalent followed by the need for safe transportation to reach the treatment facilities. Internet was their main source of information on the coronavirus. Although 72.7% of patients did not give up hospital therapies, 32.6% complained of variations in the continuity of the treatments. The majority of the sample (73.8%) was scared to be infected but 21.9% did not share their anxieties and worries with others. The multivariate regression analysis showed that a pessimistic perception of their quality of life was inﬂuenced by living in extra-urban areas and alone (OR 1.51), while the perception of reduced physical function resulted in a state of anxiety and stress (OR = 1.8) and difﬁculties in the continuity of medical assistance (OR = 1.3).
Obesity Affects the Proliferative Potential of Equine Endometrial Progenitor Cells and Modulates Their Molecular Phenotype Associated with Mitochondrial Metabolism

The study aimed to investigate the influence of obesity on cellular features of equine endometrial progenitor cells (Eca EPCs), including viability, proliferation capacity, mitochondrial metabolism, and oxidative homeostasis. Eca EPCs derived from non-obese (non-OB) and obese (OB) mares were characterized by cellular phenotype and multipotency. Obesity-induced changes in the activity of Eca EPCs include the decline of their proliferative activity, clonogenic potential, mitochondrial metabolism, and enhanced oxidative stress. Eca EPCs isolated from obese mares were characterized by an increased occurrence of early apoptosis, loss of mitochondrial dynamics, and senescence-associated phenotype. Attenuated metabolism of Eca EPCs OB was related to increased expression of pro-apoptotic markers (CASP9, BAX, P53, P21), enhanced expression of OPN, PI3K, and AKT, simultaneously with decreased signaling stabilizing cellular homeostasis (including mitofusin, SIRT1, FOXP3). Obesity alters functional features and the self-renewal potential of endometrial progenitor cells. The impaired cytophysiology of progenitor cells from obese endometrium predicts lower regenerative capacity if used as autologous transplants.
Types and Functions of Hedges and Boosters in Graduate Students’ Research Articles

____________________ Abstract ___________________________________________________________________ Hedges and Boosters are important rhetorical devices for increasing or reducing the force of claims in academic writing. Compared to other aspects rhetorical patterns or devices in research articles, quite surprisingly the use of hedges and boosters in research articles has attracted little attention from researchers. This study aimed to investigate the use of hedges and boosters employed by graduate students in research articles. This study was a descriptive qualitative study of twenty research articles written by graduate students aiming at revealing the realization of types and functions of hedges and boosters as well as their relations based on the taxonomy of Hyland (1998) and Salager-Meyer (1997). The strategies were elaborated into five sub-research questions to seek for types, functions, and relation of hedges and boosters. The objects of the study were the research articles written by graduate students. The data were gathered through documentation. The findings revealed that there were seven types of hedges and eight types of boosters employed by students. Dealing with the functions of hedges and boosters, it was discovered that the graduate students employed four functions of hedges and three functions of hedges. Moreover, it was discovered that hedges and boosters tend to be clustered together to create harmonic combination. the present study suggests the EFL lecturers to pay attention to the significance of hedges and boosters to enrich the students’ knowledge on the parts of discourse. It might become references for advisors to have many attentions on the students under their
Establishing the Diagnosis Histopathology Findings of Papular Pruritic Eruption in HIV-infected Patients: Preliminary Study

: Papular Pruritic Eruption (PPE) is a common clinical manifestation in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The hallmark of PPE is a chronic pruritus with a symmetrically scattered papular eruption on the body and extremities. The pathophysiology of PPE is still unknown. Clinically, PPE is difficult to distinguish between prurigo nodularis, insect bite, or other dermatitis, thus requiring histopathologic examination to exclude other diagnosis. Nevertheless, the consensus on the histopathology picture of PPE is still limited. So the of this study was to found the histopathology spectrum of PPE in HIV-infected patients. This is a descriptive analitycal study to characterize the histopathology pattern in some PPE cases.
Comparison to earlier work on German foreign

In a famous scene in Michael Lewis’ “The Big Short”, a senior executive at Deutsche Bank, Greg Lippmann, tours Wall Street in 2007 to short-sell securities containing US subprime mortgages. When asked who was still buying these toxic, high-risk papers, “he always just said: Düsseldorf” (Lewis 2010, p. 67). As a matter of fact, Düsseldorf-based IKB Bank was one of the first banks to fail in 2007. Its “Rhinebridge” investment vehicle was heavily invested in the US subprime mortgage market. IKB Bank subsequently had to be rescued by the German government. These and other anecdotes have tainted the reputation of German investors in global markets, as the notion of “stupid German money” indicates. Is there economic truth in this caricature? Are German investment returns particularly low, and if so, why? From the point of view of German savers and economic policy-makers, this is a first order question. Germany today is the world’s foremost exporter of savings. More than 300 billion Euros of German savings are sent abroad every year. Despite the heavy losses on American and other investments in the 2008 crisis, Germany has exported 2.7 trillion Euros in the past decade alone, equivalent to about 70% of GDP. These capital outflows came from German banks, firms, and households. Unlike in China or Japan, the public sector has played only a secondary role in the build-up of Germany’s foreign asset stock, despite the Bundesbank’s much-debated Target2 claims within the Eurosystem. To what extent are the massive capital exports paying off economically for Germany? The German public debate has generally interpreted the high current account surplus as a demonstration of the competitiveness of German industry, and not as an indication of insufficient domestic demand (see e.g. Schuknecht 2014, Fuest 2017, German Council of Economic Experts 2017, Sinn 2017). Various voices in the domestic debate view Germany’s capital outflows favorably. Often-heard arguments include the potential for international risk sharing and as a hedge against adverse demographic trends, in line with the traditional textbook view. An aging country like Germany, so the argument goes, can benefit from investing abroad and achieve better investment returns in younger, more dynamic economies abroad (see e.g. Deutsche Bank 2013). Storing wealth abroad will also help for risk sharing and consumption insurance, for example when German households are hit by a recession while other countries are not, resulting in stabilizing capital income transfers from abroad (see e.g. Bundesbank 2018).
Drone Usage for Medicine and Vaccine Delivery during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Attitude of Health Care Workers in Rural Medical Centres

Rural areas are often difficult to access reliably with medicine and vaccines. This study aimed to examine rural health care workers' attitude towards drone delivery for medicine and vaccines and the factors that influenced it. Health care workers from four rural health care facilities were sampled. Participants self-reported their demographic information, attitude towards medicine and vaccine delivery using drones, perception of benefits and risks of using drones, and perceived leadership innovativeness through an online or a pen-and-paper questionnaire. A total of 272 health care workers (mean age = 36.19, SD = 8.10) from all of the sites participated in this study. More than half of the study participants agreed or strongly agreed that using a drone to deliver medicine and vaccines is a good idea (54.2%, 95% CI [47.5, 60.8]), a wise idea (54.6%, 95% CI [47.9, 61.2]), and is desirable (52.5%, 95% CI [45.7, 59.0]). Males (β= 0.223), workers from the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department (β= 0.135), a lower perceived delivery risk (β= −0.237), and higher leadership innovativeness (β= 0.336) predicted positive attitudes towards drone usage. Assistant medical officers (β= −0.172) had a negative attitude. There is a need to further understand the roles of occupation and leadership innovativeness in predicting health care workers' attitude towards drone usage, as these differences could be embedded within their roles in the health care system.
Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Punica granatum, alone and in Combination with Calcium Hydroxide, Is Effective against Mono- and Polymicrobial Biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans

Failures in endodontic treatments are mostly associated with the difficulty in eradicating microbes of the root canal system, highlighting the need to develop novel effective antimicrobials. Punica granatum (pomegranate) leaf hydroalcoholic extract may be a potential alternative in canal dressing, owing to its antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Punica granatum (HEPg) alone or in combination with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans in isolation and in mono- and polymicrobial biofilms. Microdilution tests in broth and assays for inhibition of biofilm formation were carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of HEPg and HEPg + Ca(OH)2 against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. The cytotoxicity of HEPg in HaCaT cells was evaluated by MTT assay. HEPg and HEPg + Ca(OH)2 exerted significant antimicrobial activity against planktonic cells and mono- and polymicrobial biofilms. The combination of Punica granatum extract with Ca(OH)2 appears to be a promising alternative in endodontic treatments, which could be tested in vivo to confirm the efficacy of this mixture in disinfecting root canal systems.
Applied Maternal and caretaker’s knowledge of HIV infections and the existence and benefits of early infant diagnosis (EID) services at Kericho county referral hospital, Kenya.

This study was a cross-sectional analytical survey of the Maternal and caretaker’s knowledge of HIV infections and the existence and benefits of early infant diagnosis (EID) services at Kericho county referral hospital in Kenya. Data was collected using pretested questionnaires administered to the postnatal HIV positive mothers and or caretakers of HIV exposed children. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 18.0. Moreover, it was presented using Chi-square and Logistic Regression analysis. Of the 254 respondents, 201 (79.1%) were biological mothers to the children; the rest were caretakers. The children were aged between 1 and 18 months, with a mean age of 9.62 months. Most respondents' knowledge of adult HIV infection is about what HIV is, routes of transmission, diagnosis and treatment. Knowledge of paediatric HIV infection was, however, inadequate with only 132 (52%) respondents who knew the approximate rate of HIV transmission from mother to child and 130 (51.2%) who knew about the availability of paediatric Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. Both adult and paediatric HIV knowledge was better with an increasing level of education. The younger respondents were also more knowledgeable than, the older ones. Children who had utilised EID were only 75 (29.5%). In conclusion, EID knowledge is still lacking in Kericho County, and it influences the utilisation of these services. EID services and education on the availability should be decentralised where feasible. They should be included as an essential service at all levels of healthcare delivery to reach more children. Further research needs to be done on how to leverage HIV knowledge to increase the uptake of services and alleviate impediments to utilising services. Improving maternal education is strongly recommended, as it would enhance EID uptake.
Comparative study of efficacy and safety between sublay and onlay polypropelene mesh repair for incisional hernia of abdominal wall

To compare the efficacy and safety between sublay and onlay polypropylene mesh repair for incisional hernia of abdominal wall. Department of General Surgery from January 2018 to December 2021 in BHIMA BHOI MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WESTERN ODISHA. It is a randomized controlled trial. In this study a total of 144 (72 in each group) patients were observed. The patients were randomly allocated in two groups by random method. Patients in group-A was subjected to onlay polypropylene mesh open repair procedure and patients in group-B was subjected to sublay polypropylene mesh open repair procedure for incisional hernia repair in abdominal wall. Post-operatively all patients were kept under observations for 7-10 days in surgery ward and observed for complications if any. Post-operatively all patients were followed at 20 days, 2nd months, 6th month and 9 months to confirm the efficacy and safety of the procedure. The mean age of patients in Group-A was 30 years± 2.16 and 32 years ± 3.71 in Group-B. In group-A 28 patients were male and 44patients were female where as in group-B 27 patients were male and 45 patients were female.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF TEACHER L2 USE ON LEARNER SELF-EFFICACY PERCEPTIONS: THE CASE OF CHILEAN ELEMENTARY EFL LEARNERS

Self-efficacy perceptions on second language settings have been linked to several aspects including learner performance in linguistic tasks, willingness to communicate, and language learning strategy use. These firmly place self-efficacy as a variable affecting cognitive and contextual aspects in language learning settings. However, the amount of L2 used by teachers needs to be researched in their own right, since an approach that makes the L2 compulsory in the language classroom may affect learners’ perceptions of their ability to learn the new language. This relationship becomes even more relevant in low-level EFL school settings where teachers are more willing to use the learners’ L1 in their lessons. Thus, to assess the impact of teacher L2 use on the self-efficacy of primary EFL learners, the present study investigated 58 Chilean 6th-grade EFL students’ self-efficacy beliefs in two contexts: L2-Only instruction (i.e., an approach where lessons are delivered solely in the L2), and L1-L2 instruction. Findings revealed that learners in the L2-Only group did not significantly decrease their self-efficacy when compared to the L1-L2 group, and that the L1-L2 group displayed significantly higher scores in the reading and writing components. It is argued that contextual aspects that include the nurturing of self-efficacy need to be considered to make informed decisions on whether to use the L1 and the L2 in the language classroom.
Employee satisfaction and motivation of retail store employees

In the 21st century, the rapid technological development in different innovations has not reduced the value of human capital. It is considered to be the most valuable capital of businesses and acts as a driving force of business activity. The perception of human capital should be essential since it has a real impact on the business's success. In human resources management, it is necessary to keep in mind one of the basic functions of management: motivation, planning, and organizing. The main goal of this article is to identify the critical determinants of motivation factors of the human resources capital in the retail sector. An adequately motivated employee is a key to achieving the company goals since employee motivation maintains customer satisfaction and loyalty. Based on the results, the most popular motivation tools proved to be the financial incentives in the form of salary increases or bonuses. In the case of generational differences, there is no difference in the degree of satisfaction with the salary. The employees expressed to be less satisfied with their workplace's communication and leadership style. They have no decision-making power at all. Besides, they do not really feel a sense of belonging somewhere. The members of Generation Z are less satisfied with job security than the representatives of older generations. Most of the retail employees do not find their work interesting or diverse. On the other hand, they think the pace of the work is too fast, but they are well prepared for the work they are doing. Based on the answers, most of the respondents disagree with the inappropriate style of feedback they receive from the managers. The members of Generation Z feel that they cannot adequately utilize their knowledge and skills at their workplaces. They get more criticism than praise than the representatives of older generations.
On inflationary parameters in scalar-tensor theories

The equivalence between f ( R ) and scalar-tensor theories is revisited, we consequently explored diﬀerent f ( R ) models. After consideration of speciﬁc deﬁnition of the scalar ﬁeld, we derived the potentials V ( φ ) for each f ( R ) model focusing on the early Universe, mostly the inﬂation epoch. For a given potential, we applied the slow-roll approximation approach to each f ( R ) model and obtained the expressions for the spectral index n s and tensor-to-scalar ratio r . We determined the corresponding numerical values associated with each of the f ( R ) models. Our results showed that for certain choice of parameter space, the values of n s and r are consistent with the Planck survey results and others produce numerical values that are in the same range as suggested by Planck data. We further constructed the Klein-Gordon equations ( KGE ) of each f ( R ) model. We found numerical solutions to each KGE considering diﬀerent values of free parameters and initial conditions of each f ( R ) model. All models showed that the scalar ﬁeld decreases as time increases, an indication that there is less content of the scalar ﬁeld in the late Universe.
Gene expression at different cell stages of in vitro-fertilized bovine embryos

The birth rate of embryos produced in vitro (IVF) is still lower than that of embryos produced in vivo. Three major steps for the success of the IVF technique are maturation of immature oocytes, fertilization of matured oocytes, and culture of the resulting embryos. Studying mRNA expression in early embryonic development stages is important and can help to assess embryo quality and optimize production protocols in vitro. The current study aimed to determine the expression levels of developmentally important genes in different stages of bovine embryos produced in vitro. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from bovine ovaries and cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) medium for 7 - 9 days. Embryos were collected at the time-points listed above, and mRNA expression of genes involved in pluripotency (OCT4), DNA methylation (DNMT1), apoptosis (BAX), and metabolism (GLUT1) and a heat shock protein (HSP70) was estimated from the 2-cell stage to the blastocyst stage of embryos. The results showed statistically significant differences in the relative abundance (RA) of OCT4, DNMT1, BAX, and GLUT1 gene transcripts among the different stages, whereas there were non-significant differences in the RA of HSP70 between these stages. In conclusion, gene expression levels differ among the developmental stages of embryos produced in vitro, possibly because of the timing of embryonic genome activation (EGA).
XAC4296 Is a Multifunctional and Exclusive Xanthomonadaceae Gene Containing a Fusion of Lytic Transglycosylase and Epimerase Domains

Microorganisms have a limited and highly adaptable repertoire of genes capable of encoding proteins containing single or variable multidomains. The phytopathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri) (Xanthomonadaceae family), the etiological agent of Citrus Canker (CC), presents a collection of multidomain and multifunctional enzymes (MFEs) that remains to be explored. Recent studies have shown that multidomain enzymes that act on the metabolism of the peptidoglycan and bacterial cell wall, belonging to the Lytic Transglycosylases (LTs) superfamily, play an essential role in X. citri biology. One of these LTs, named XAC4296, apart from the Transglycosylase SLT_2 and Peptidoglycan binding-like domains, contains an unexpected aldose 1-epimerase domain linked to the central metabolism; therefore, resembling a canonical MFE. In this work, we experimentally characterized XAC4296 revealing its role as an MFE and demonstrating its probable gene fusion origin and evolutionary history. The XAC4296 is expressed during plant-pathogen interaction, and the Δ4296 mutant impacts CC progression. Moreover, Δ4296 exhibited chromosome segregation and cell division errors, and sensitivity to ampicillin, suggesting not only LT activity but also that the XAC4296 may also contribute to resistance to β-lactams. However, both Δ4296 phenotypes can be restored when the mutant is supplemented with sucrose or glutamic acid as a carbon and nitrogen source, respectively; therefore, supporting the epimerase domain’s functional relationship with the central carbon and cell wall metabolism. Taken together, these results elucidate the role of XAC4296 as an MFE in X. citri, also bringing new insights into the evolution of multidomain proteins and antimicrobial resistance in the Xanthomonadaceae family.