Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mining and Building Software Developer Networks for Characterizing and Understanding Security Development

—To build secure software, developers often work together during software development and maintenance to ﬁnd, ﬁx, and prevent security vulnerabilities. Examining the nature of developer interactions in security development can provide valuable insights for improving current practices. In this work, we ﬁrst conduct a large-scale empirical study to mine developer interactions in security development regarding their security introducing and ﬁxing activities on a benchmark dataset, which involves more 1.8M commits from nine large-scale open-source software projects. We then build software developer networks with the identiﬁed developer interactions and conduct network analysis to characterize and understand security development. For our analysis, we ﬁrst study the interaction patterns between developers. Second, we characterize the nature of developer interaction in security development in comparison to developer interaction in non-security development. Then, we explore the relation between developer interaction and the quality of projects regarding security. Among our ﬁndings we identify that: the dominating interaction patterns among developers in the security and non-security development are different, which may suggest the needs of differing social and communication support for security and non-security development; the distribution of interaction patterns has a correlation with the quality of software projects; different from general software development, most of the projects are non hero-centric regarding security development. We believe the ﬁndings from this study can help developers understand how vulnerabilities originate and evolve under the interaction of developers and further improve software maintenance.
DETERMINATION OF SOME MINERALS CONCENTRATIONS IN COWS WITH RETAINED FETAL MEMBRANES IN KHARTOUM STATE- SUDAN

This study was carried out to determine the concentration of some minerals in cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM) and to compare it with cows without RFM in Bahri locality, Khartoum, Sudan. This area contains a large number of dairy farms. A total of 60 cows (30 with retained fetal membranes and 30 without retained fetal membranes) were included. Data regarding the age, number of parities, and frequency of RFM were obtained during the visits to the farms. Blood samples were collected from jugular veins of these cows 12 to 24 hours after parturition. The estimation of serum Calcium, Iron and Phosphorus were done by using the spectrophotometric method, while Zinc was measured using Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean values were compared using paired sample t test. Most visited farms reported having cases of RFM. The results showed that 63% of cows had retained placenta once, 28% had retained placenta twice and 8% had it three times. The mean values of Iron and Zinc were (83.70 ± 2.53mg/dl), (0.25±0.03 mg/dl) consecutively and were significantly lower in cows with RFM than cows without RFM (86.1± 2.91 mg/dl), (0.28±.03 mg/dl) at 12 to 24 hour after parturition. There was no significant difference between the mean value of Calcium and Phosphorus in RFM and Non RFM cows. In conclusion, minerals deficiency such as, iron, and zinc may be predisposing factor for the occurrence of retention of placenta in crossbred cattle. Maintaining an adequate dietary source of the minerals at the end of the pregnancy period is recommended.
The Quest for Increased Saudization: Labor Market Outcomes and the Shadow Price of Workforce Nationalization Policies

Few countries have embraced active labor market policies to the same extent as Saudi Arabia. In the aftermath of the Arab Spring, the imperative of increasing Saudi employment became paramount. The country faced one of the highest youth unemployment rates in the world while over 80 percent of its private sector consisted of foreign labor. Since 2011, a wave of employment nationalization efforts has been mainly implemented through a comprehensive and strictly enforced industry and firm specific quota system known as Nitaqat. This paper assesses the employment gains as well as the costs and unintended consequences resulting from Nitaqat and related policies between 2011 and 2017. We find that while job nationalization policies generated significant initial gains in Saudi employment and labor force participation, the effects were heterogeneous across workers, firms and sectors. Moreover, our analysis suggests that the resulting unintended consequences far outweighed the benefits over time generating a less costeffective and productivity inhibiting labor market composition.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMBINATION SERUM OF TRANEXAMIC ACID, GALACTOMYCES FERMENT FILTRATE, NIACINAMIDE AND ALPHA ARBUTIN IN ENHANCING SKIN BRIGHTNESS

Introduction: Light skin tone has been desired by many Asian women thus the search for effective depigmenting agent. Tranexamic acid, an antifibrinolytic drug, is now gaining popularity as a new depigmenting agent. However, studies on tranexamic acid have shown the mixed result of its comparison to hydroquinone. Galactomyces ferment filtrate, niacinamide and alpha arbutin have been known of their depigmenting effect. Combined materials with different targeting mechanisms are used to enhance the effectiveness of the lighting agent. Objective: To compare the skin lightening effect of the combination of tranexamic acid 3%, galactomyces ferment filtrate 2%, niacinamide 4%, and alpha arbutin 2% to hydroquinone 4%. Methods: In this study, each of 30 participants applied a combination of tranexamic acid 3%, galactomyces ferment filtrate 2%, niacinamide 4%, and alpha arbutin 2% and hydroquinone 4% to the left forearm using a particular patron. The subject then evaluated each week for four weeks. Clinical effects were evaluated using a chromameter including L* for skin brightness and a* for skin erythema. All measurements were taken three times, and the mean value was used. To assess the comparison of skin brightness score and pigmentation intensity between the two serum groups, the Independent T-test was used. As for assessing the change in scores based on measurement time in each serum group, Pearson’s Correlation was used. The test results are significant if the value of p <0.05. Results: Skin brightness (L*), as measured by chromameter, when sample first came (T0) on the area applied with serum combination of tranexamic acid 3% got the average of brightness of skin 56,81, whereas in the area applied 4% hydroquinone got the average brightness of skin 55,66. In the last control of the area applied a serum combination of 3% tranexamic acid had an average skin brightness of 58.34 and the area applied with 4% hydroquinone serum had an average skin brightness of 57.48. There was a significant increase of skin brightness of the skin both in the area applied with tranexamic acid 3% (p <0.05) serum combination and in the area applied with hydroquinone 4% serum (p <0.01). The degree of decreased a* score was higher in combination with tranexamic acid 3% serum than hydroquinone serum, i.e. 0.314 compared to 0.221. Conclusion: Serum combination of tranexamic acid 3%, galactomyces ferment filtrate 2%, niacinamide 4% and alpha arbutin 2% can be considered as a safe and effective option to increase skin brightness with no significant side effect.
Block Characteristics and Post-operative Analgesia Using Dexmedetomidine, Fentanyl or Nalbuphine as Adjuvants to 0.5% Levobupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Lower Limb Orthopedic Surgery

Ex Resident, Department of Anaesthesiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Ram Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Ram Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India Ex Prof. & HOD, Department of Anaesthesiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Ram Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
NEVOD — An experimental complex for multi-component investigations of cosmic rays and their interactions in the energy range 1–1010 GeV

The Experimental Complex (EC) NEVOD includes a number of detectors used to carry out basic research of cosmic rays (CR) and their interactions in the energy range 1011–1019 eV and applied research of the heliosphere, magnetosphere and atmosphere of the Earth by the muonography method which is based on the analysis of spatial-angular variations of the muon flux generated by primary CR particles with energies of 10^9–10^11 eV. The EC NEVOD is being constantly developed. Nowadays, it consists of three basic groups of experimental facilities unique in the world: the major facilities (Cherenkov water detector NEVOD, calibration telescope system — CTS, coordinate-tracking detector DECOR), the peripheral facilities (extensive air shower array NEVOD-EAS, distributed thermal neutron detector systems PRISMA and URAN), the muon hodoscopes for cosmophysical and geophysical investigations (TEMP and URAGAN). All detectors and installations of the first two groups are combined by a multilevel triggering system and the time synchronization system ensuring timestamping of registered multicomponent events. Today, the Experimental Complex NEVOD is the only facility capable of studying such a wide set of fundamental and applied scientific problems in the field of cosmic rays and solar-terrestrial physics.
Stockownership in the United States: Characteristics and Trends

groups 19 XXELATIVELY little is known about The purpose of this article is to fill Part 3: Distribution of Dividends and the patterns of Stockownership or m some of these deficiencies, mainly Stockholdings Among Broad c},&Ilges in these patterns over time, on the basis of data on individual r o u p s a l t h o u g h stockholdings a r e a highly dividend receipts and t h e income, The dividend gap 19 , , , £ , , i 1 ,1 occupation, location, and broad age TT . A . *v , . rt, important component of total wealth, . ' . '. n Unlisted domestic stock 21 • n * • j• i i , grouping of the recipients, as reported All domestic stock 23 especially for individuals at upper , f , . -^ j i i AH domestic SLOCK Z6 F J FF m two \^^Q stratified random samples Part 4: Trends in Concentration of TM. ' Even the available of individual income tax returns (forms Stockownership Since Late 1950 's___ 24 historical series on the total market 1940) for 1960 and 1971. Although
Responsibilities and Activities in Indian Production Management

An in‐depth survey of production management in India: production, as pivotal function in any industrial organisation, seeks to achieve productivity and profitability and holds the key to survival in the present competitive world of business. To meet the goals of a nation, production managers are expected to understand and to perceive their roles and responsibilities very clearly in concrete and precise terms. India, being a very large country and having a very diversified set of industrial organisations, employs a substantial number of technically qualified managers in the production functions. These people sometimes lack coherent thinking and there is a measure of responsibility/activity incompatibility. This paper aims to clarify role perceptions in respect of those tasks for which production managers are responsible.
The Impact of Anchoring Bias on the Profitability of Time-Series Momentum

The motivation of this study bases on the role of anchoring bias on the profitability of the time-series momentum strategy. Market-wide nearness to the Dow 52-week high is computed, we use a market-timing approach that relies on the ability of nearness to the Dow 52-week high to predict future time-series momentum returns. Findings show that the market-timing strategy based on nearness to Dow 52-week high is more profitable than conventional momentum strategies. Our results support the contention that investors' reluctance to bid up the price of a stock in response to positive information is due to anchoring bias. This behavioral bias leads to stronger underreaction to good news.
REASSESSING THE LINK BETWEEN GOVERNMENT SPENDING ON EDUCATION AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

The study examined the relationship between government spending on education and national development in Nigeria using secondary data from the period 2001 to 2017. The study adopted gross domestic product as proxy for national development and the dependent variable; while government spending on education (representing Federal Government annual budgetary provision for the education sector) and inflation were used as the explanatory variables. Time series data for the study period was collected from the Federal Ministry of Finance, Office of the Accountant-General of the Federation and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Official Gazette. The study employed descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis based on the E-view 10 software as techniques of data analysis. The results provided evidence that government spending of education had significant positive effect on national development (at 5% level), while inflation had an insignificant effect on national development (at 13%). Overall, the study concluded that government spending on education has statistically significant positive effect on national at 5% with a probability of F-statistics value of 0.000000. This means that government spending on education will enhance the availability of high level manpower that will ultimately bring about improvements in productivity leading to increase in national development. Based the findings, the study recommend that government should increase annual budgetary allocation to education sector to 26% of total annual budget in line with the UNESCO requirements; that the responsible organs of government should set targets and goals aimed at minimizing as much as possible (if not completely eradicating) misappropriation of funds.
Satisfaction of Early Intervention Programme among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Pilot Study in Malaysia

Early intervention services play an essential role in order to support families of the children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In Malaysia, initial development of early intervention services has started for children with ASD. In order to improve the quality of early intervention services, it is important to ascertain the perceptions of parents with children with ASD. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the correlation between demographic of parents with children with ASD related to parental satisfaction to the early intervention services at GENIUS Kurnia Centre, Malaysia. A total of 156 parents of children with ASD aged between 3 to 7 years old who were receiving the early intervention programme, participated through stratified random sampling completed the sociodemographic survey and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8). All 156 respondents reported a high level of satisfaction through calculation of the mean score of CSQ8, which was 28.69, with a range from 20 to 32 (SD = 3.17). Sociodemographic characteristics such as child's gender, child's current and diagnosis age, presence of health problems, parent's age and educational level, and family monthly income were found to be not related to satisfaction. Our pilot study suggested that this early intervention programme provides essential support for families of children with ASD regardless of their demographic background. In future research, it is recommended to explore other variables that are linked with parents’ satisfactions. Additionally, qualitative approaches such as interviews, should be used to measure parental satisfaction, as this will provide more insight on the parents’ experiences. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and
Measuring uncertainty and disagreement about uncertainty from a large set of model predictions

We construct measures of uncertainty and disagreement about uncertainty exploiting the heterogeneity of a large set of model predictions. The approach is forward-looking, can be computed in real-time, and can be applied at any frequency. We illustrate the methodology with expected shortfall predictions of worldwide equity indices generated from 71 risk models. We use the new measures in asset pricing, risk forecasting, and for explaining the aggregate trading volume of S&P 500 firms.
Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted mmWave Communication With Lens Antenna Array

In millimeter wave (mmWave) communication, lens antenna array has been considered as a potential technique to combat the severe path loss. However, blockage effect still exists. To address this issue, we design an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted wideband mmWave communication system with lens antenna array with limited radio frequency (RF) chains. This is the first attempt to design a mmWave communication system with the integration of IRS and lens antenna array. The designed system can realize high robust, low-complexity and cost-effective mmWave communication. To achieve desired performance, we first derive the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) expression with the intersymbol interference, then we formulate a SINR maximization problem, by jointly considering the beamforming vector at base station with limited RF chains and reflection coefficient matrices at IRS with discrete phase levels. This problem is intractable and non-convex. To solve it, we optimize the reflection coefficient matrices by quadratic transformation with low-complexity closed-form expression, and the beamforming vector is handled by sparse beamforming optimization, where the $l_{0}$ norm is approximated by the $l_{1}$ norm. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the advantages of our proposed algorithm compared with benchmark schemes, e.g., 5 dB SINR gain can be achieved compared with existing algorithm.
A Research Review on Assessment of Genetic Variability in Bambara Ground Nut Accessions Using Agro-Morphological Traits

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) is an edible legume that represents one of the main income sources for women activities. For the improvement of desirable characters such as yield and ability to resist to abiotic and biotic stress, knowledge of the magnitudes of variation in the available accessions, the relation of characters with yield, extend of environmental influences on these is essential. The aim of this review was to identify the major agro-morphological characters that allow differentiating bambara groundnut accessions, that could be use to set up selection strategies for varieties improvement. Characters like canopy spread, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed length, seed width and weight of 100 seeds are positively correlated to yield per plant. A negative correlation was revealed between days to 50% flowering and yield per plant indicating that plants which take more time on vegetative stage have fewer yields in semi-arid conditions of production. The phenotypic characters therefore provide a useful measure of genetic variability among bambara genotypes and will enable the identification of potential parental materials for future breeding programs.
Low-molecular-weight styrene–butadiene copolymers (L-SSBR) as processing aids used for silica-filled rubber: Synthesis, functionalization and application

Three different types of low-molecular-weight solution styrene-butadiene rubbers (L-SSBRs) were synthesized by anionic polymerization. Two of them were end-capped with methoxy (M-L-SSBR) and ethoxy (E-L-SSBR) functional groups, respectively, while the other was terminated with alcohol (L-SSBR). The content of functional groups was estimated on the basis of gel permeation chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The influence of L-SSBR on the properties of silica-filled SSBR as an alternative for the plasticizing oil was investigated in tyre tread formulation. L-SSBRs of high vinyl content were used in place of part of oil for preparation of compound K1 enriched with linear (L-SSBR) and compound K2 and K3 enriched with two star-like liquid rubbers modified, respectively, with methoxy (M-L-SSBR) and ethoxy (E-L-SSBR) functional groups. Although particular attention was paid to the effect of polar groups on the silica dispersions, cure characteristic, compound viscosity and mechanical properties were also analyzed. Rubber with only treated distillate aromatic extract was used (K5) as the reference.
Maneuver-based Trajectory Prediction for Self-driving Cars Using Spatio-temporal Convolutional Networks

The ability to predict the future movements of other vehicles is a subconscious and effortless skill for humans and key to safe autonomous driving. Therefore, trajectory prediction for autonomous cars has gained a lot of attention in recent years. It is, however, still a hard task to achieve human-level performance. Interdependencies between vehicle behaviors and the multimodal nature of future intentions in a dynamic and complex driving environment render trajectory prediction a challenging problem. In this work, we propose a new, datadriven approach for predicting the motion of vehicles in a road environment. The model allows for inferring future intentions from the past interaction among vehicles in highway driving scenarios. Using our neighborhood-based data representation, the proposed system jointly exploits correlations in the spatial and temporal domain using convolutional neural networks. Our system considers multiple possible maneuver intentions and their corresponding motion and predicts the trajectory for five seconds into the future. We implemented our approach and evaluated it on two highway datasets taken in different countries and are able to achieve a competitive prediction performance.