Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reflected and transmitted powers from a planar isotropic chiral–uniaxial anisotropic chiral interface

In this paper, analysis and theoretical investigations are carried out to find the reflected and transmitted powers for a planar isotropic chiral–uniaxially anisotropic chiral interface with optical axis parallel to interface. The expressions of the reflected and transmitted powers for right-circularly polarized (RCP) and left-circularly polarized (LCP) incident waves are derived. Results of the reflected and transmitted powers for the RCP and LCP incident waves from materials with different isotropic chirality and uniaxial chirality values are presented. The effect of the uniaxial chirality on three other cases of dielectric constant combinations is also studied. The numerical results derived from the presented analytical expressions are found to be in good agreement with those obtained by computational techniques elsewhere.
Experimental evidence of streamwise vortices as finite amplitude solutions in transitional plane Couette flow

Elongated streamwise structures are considered as a key element of the transition to turbulence in various wall flows. In pure plane Couette flow (pCf), longitudinal streaks originating from pairs of streamwise counter-rotating vortices are clearly identified surrounding growing turbulent spots or at late stages of spot relaxation. The same structures bifurcate subcritically from a slightly modified Couette flow where a thin spanwise wire has been introduced in the zero-velocity plane. The basic flow profile, as measured by laser Doppler velocimetry, is shown to approach continuously the original linear velocity profile as the radius of the wire is decreased. On the other hand, the vortices remain almost unchanged and the bifurcation threshold remains bounded from above by the global stability threshold below which turbulent spots relax spontaneously. This supports the conjecture that a related nontrivial nonlinear solution exists in the pure pCf limit. These observations are compared to numerical stabili.
On the canonical Hermitian connection in nearly Kähler manifolds

In the present paper we prove that the Hermitian curvature tensor $\tilde{R}$ associated to a nearly Kahler metric g always satisfies the second Bianchi identity $\mathfrak{S}(\tilde{\nabla}_X\tilde{R})$ (Y, Z, ·, ·)=0 and that it satisfies the first Bianchi identity $\mathfrak{S}\tilde{R}$(X, Y, Z, ·)=0 if and only if g is a Kahler metric. Furthermore we characterize condition for $\tilde{R}$ to be parallel with respect to the canonical Hermitian connection $\tilde{\nabla}$ in terms of the Riemann curvature tensor and in the last part of the paper we study the curvature of some generalizations of the nearly Kahler structure.
Proton Polarization with Naphthalene Crystals by Integrated Solid Effect on Photoexcited Triplet State

We have carried out detailed systematic studies of relaxation effects, which contribute to a significant improvement in proton polarization in a single crystal of naphthalene doped with pentacene. The experiments have been performed in a magnetic field of 3 kG at room temperature or at 77 K and with a pulsed dye laser or a pulsed N 2 laser. We have found that a relaxation rate in the presence of irradiation with visible light (λ=595 nm) is much smaller than that with ultraviolet light (λ=337 nm) at room temperature, although the absorption rate of visible light is much larger than that of ultraviolet light. By cooling the crystal, the slow motion of the naphthalene molecules, which is a dominant relaxation process, can be suppressed. Surprisingly, we have found that the relaxation time at 77 K in the presence of the dye laser becomes long, but still depends on the laser power. Our investigation has also indicated that both the longer relaxation time and the irradiation with the dye laser lead to a great i.
Greenland’s Pressure Drag and the Atlantic Storm Track

Abstract Some effects of Greenland on the Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation are discussed. Inviscid pressure drag on Greenland’s slopes, calculated from reanalysis data, is related to circulation patterns. Greenland lies north of the core of the tropospheric westerly winds. Yet strong standing waves, which extend well into the stratosphere, produce a trough/ridge system with jet stream lying close to Greenland, mean Icelandic low in its wake, and storm track that interacts strongly with its topography. In the lower troposphere, dynamic height anomalies associated with strongly easterly pressure drag on the atmosphere are quite localized in space and relatively short-lived compared to upper levels, yet they involve a hemispheric-scale dislocation of the stratospheric polar vortex. It is a two-scale problem, however; the high-pass time-filtered part of the height field, responsible for 73% of the pressure drag, is quite different, and expresses propagating cyclonic development in the Atlantic storm.
PARAMETRIC STUDY OF THE PRESSURE CHARACTERISTIC CURVE IN A BOILING CHANNEL

The main objective of this work is to understand the behavior of the pressure drop of a boiling fluid along a heated pipe as a function of the mass flux. The steady-state plot of the pressure drop against the mass flux of a heated boiling channel with subcooled liquid at the inlet is widely used for pressure drop and thermal oscillations simulations. The influence of several important parameters, such as the heat applied, the inlet pressure, and the inlet temperature, is analyzed. As the inlet pressure goes down, the steepness of the negative slope of the static curve increases. The inlet temperature has a very important role in this plot, showing that the negative slope of the curve gets steeper as the subcooling increases. Although the amount of heat applied to the test section is found to have no influence on the shape of the static curve, the axial distribution of the heat along the heated section plays a very important role in the steepness of the negative slope of the steady-state pressure drop versus mass flux plot.
Magnetic field dragging in accretion discs

We consider a thin accretion disc of half-thickness H, vertically threaded by a magnetic field. The field is due to contributions from both the disc current and an external current (giving rise to a uniform external field). We derive an integro-differential equation for the evolution of the magnetic field, subject to magnetic diffusivity η and disc accretion with radial velocity v r . The evolution equation is solved numerically, and a steady state is reached. The evolution equation depends upon a single, dimensionless parameter D=2η/(3H|v r |)=(R/H)(η/ν), where the latter equality holds for a viscous disc having viscosity ν. At the disc surface, field lines are bent by angle i from the vertical, such that tan i=1.52D −1
Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain May Be a Biomarker for the Inverse Association Between Cancers and Neurodegenerative Diseases

An inverse association may exist between cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, although convenient biomarkers for verifying this inverse association are lacking. Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a novel biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but it has not been measured in patients with cancers, such as gastric cancer (GC). We aimed to explore whether plasma NfL could be a biomarker for GC and AD and whether an inverse association of NfL exists between GC and AD. In this study, plasma NfL levels of 60 normal controls (NC), 91 GC subjects, and 74 AD subjects were measured by a highly sensitive single-molecule array assay. We found that GC subjects expressed lower plasma NfL levels but AD subjects expressed higher plasma NfL levels than NCs. After controlling for confounding factors, plasma NfL levels in the GC group were associated with serum tumor marker levels, and plasma NfL levels in the AD group were associated with cognitive performance and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathological marker levels. Across the entire cohort, plasma NfL levels were associated with cognitive performance, CSF pathological marker levels and serum tumor marker levels. These results suggest thatplasma NfL may be a potential biomarker for GC and AD and may be convenient for evaluating the inverse association between cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.
Near-infrared observations of galaxies in Pisces-Perseus IV. Color maps of 41 cluster spirals ?

We present near-infrared (NIR) color maps of a sample of 41 disk galaxies in the Pisces-Perseus su- percluster. The sample objects, mainly members of the Pisces cluster, are a subset of larger sample imaged in the H band. For most objects we present J H and J K images and elliptically-averaged radial color proles; for some objects this is done only for the H K color. We compute global colors, hybrid NIR-optical colors, and estimate the colors of the structural components. The J K (global) color correlates weakly with absolute luminosity and morphological type. We observe no trend with the presence of bars and AGNs, nor with position within the cluster. The NIR disk colors are slightly bluer than the global ones, with the possible exception of those in the earliest spiral types. Finally, NIR color gradients in the images and in the radial color proles are examined. NIR disk color gradients are small and prevalently negative; the few positive values are perhaps associated with the reddest disks.
An Empirical Diffusion Model for Acoustic Prediction in Rooms with Mixed Diffuse and Specular Reflections

In this paper, a modification to the room-acoustic diffusion model is proposed to take different amounts of wall scattering into account. An extensive set of numerical simulations using a cone-tracing software has first been carried out, in order to highlight the impact of the scattering coefficient on the diffusion process in rooms, in terms of sound pressure levels. An iterative method is then proposed to identify, for a given value of the wall's scattering coefficient, the diffusion constant that allows the stationary sound field to be governed by a diffusion process, regardless of the room's geometry. Using this method, an empirical law can be proposed between the diffusion constant and the scattering coefficient. The empirical diffusion model is then compared to scale model experiments, as well as to other models from the literature, with a satisfactory agreement for the sound pressure level. However, the empirical diffusion model fails to predict the sound decay for rooms with perfectly specularly reflecting surfaces, due to the inherent concept of a diffusion process.
EFFECT OF CONCENTRATED WALL SUCTION ON A TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER

The effect of suction, applied through a short porous wall strip, on a low Reynolds number self‐preserving turbulent boundary layer has been quantified by measuring the local wall shear stress and the main Reynolds stresses downstream of the strip. When the suction rate is sufficiently high, pseudo‐relaminarization occurs almost immediately downstream of the strip. Farther downstream, transition occurs followed by a slow return to a fully turbulent self‐preserving state. During relaminarization, the measured skin friction coefficient cf falls below the level corresponding to the no suction value, reaching a minimum where transition begins. An empirical cf distribution is proposed that groups together results obtained at different streamwise stations and different suction rates. Of all the measured Reynolds stresses, the longitudinal turbulence intensity recovers relatively quickly from the change in boundary conditions while the wall‐normal turbulence intensity and the Reynolds shear stress are significan.
Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Elastic Continua for Tactile Sensing

This article presents a method for determining three- dimensional stress and strain tensors within elastic layers covering or embedding tactile sensors. When an object comes in contact with the elastic surface of a sensing array, the distribution of forces on the surface is mechani cally filtered before reaching the underlying sensing ele ments. In order to predict the response of embedded sen sors and to understand the nature of the transduced variables, the relationship between surface forces and interior stress and strain tensors must be known. To deter mine this, we need to know the shape of the surface con tact area and the distribution of forces over that area, both normal and tangential. The algorithm described here discretizes the known surface force distribution into a dense array of independent point loads, approximating the surface force profile. The stress field produced by a single normal and/or a single tangential point load can be expressed analytically, given the elasticity and compressi bility of the material. Fields for each point load are calcu lated and can be summed to determine the resultant stress tensor at any point within the medium. Strains can be computed from stresses using a simple set of translation formulas. A detailed example is illustrated, analyzing the inter action between a sphere and a planar elastic half space. From the example the relative effects of depth and dis tance from the center of contact on the response of underlying sensors is discussed. Using results from the example, methods are proposed to exploit sensors at dif ferent depths and at different orientations within the medium. An algorithm for determining the direction of surface tangential forces and a method for determining the ratio between normal and tangential forces are ana lyzed, using unidirectionally sensitive sensors at different depths in the elastic layer.
Experiments in Ceramic Technology: The Effects of Various Tempering Materials on Impact and Thermal-Shock Resistance

Prehistoric potters used a wide variety of materials as temper, or filler. Although temper selection has often been assumed to be the result of purely cultural factors, recent research indicates temper had technological functions as well. Impact and thermal-shock resistance data of a range of kinds, grades, and amounts of temper are presented. Test results indicate that the use of finely-ground tempers in general and burned shell temper in particular produce briquettes that are significantly more durable than briquettes incorporating other materials.
Two Addition Theorems on Groups of Prime Order

) be a sequence of 2n&1 elements in an Abeliangroup G of order n (written additively). For a # G, let r(S, a) be the numberof subsequences of length exactly n whose sum is a. Erdo˘s et al. [1] provedthat r(S, 0)˚1. In [2], Mann proved that if n (=p) is a prime, thenr(S, a)˚1 for all a # G, provided no element is repeated more than p timesin the sequence S. In this paper we prove the following generalization ofMann’s theorem.Theorem 1. Let S=(a
Student interpretations of the terms in first-order ordinary differential equations in modelling contexts

A study of first-year undergraduate students′ interpretational difficulties with first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in modelling contexts was conducted using a diagnostic quiz, exam questions and follow-up interviews. These investigations indicate that when thinking about such ODEs, many students muddle thinking about the function that gives the quantity to be determined and the equation for the quantity's rate of change, and at least some seem unaware of the need for unit consistency in the terms of an ODE. It appears that shifting from amount-type thinking to rates-of-change-type thinking is difficult for many students. Suggestions for pedagogical change based on our results are made.
The stability of rapidly growing or evaporating crystals

Solutions for the growth rate of perturbations in the locations of moving steps on a growing or evaporating crystal are presented. They are obtained by solving an equation derived by R. Ghez, H. G. Cohen, and J. B. Keller [J. Appl. Phys. 73, 3685 (1993)] based upon the Burton–Cabrera–Frank theory of crystal growth. They agree with the results derived via the adiabatic approximation when the dimensionless growth rate is small, which shows that those results are correct. However, when the growth rate is large the present exact results differ from those of the adiabatic approximation, as might be expected.
Mesoscale Variability of Tropical Precipitation: Validation of Satellite Estimates of Wave Forcing Using TOGA COARE Radar Data

Abstract Satellite-derived brightness temperature has been used to estimate tropical precipitation. Ricciardulli and Garcia applied it to quantify forcing of atmospheric waves that are excited by tropical cumulus convection and propagate into the middle atmosphere. Because of the broad coverage of the satellite data, this method provides exclusively dense information on wave forcing and is especially valuable for middle-atmosphere modeling. However, the validity of the method has not been investigated, which is done in this study using radar-derived precipitation during the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) field experiment. The method is shown to overestimate the variance of precipitation so that the wave forcing derived with it is too strong. The overestimation is most severe at coarse resolution, reaching nearly an order of magnitude at a grid scale of 2°, which is comparable to typical resolutions of current global climate models. Although t.
Linear-quadratic stationkeeping for the STS Orbiter

An automatic controller for Space Shuttle Orbiter stationkeeping or formationkeeping is presented. The controller uses a feed-forward loop for precise control at non-equilibrium set points, and a discrete-time linear quadratic regulator for disturbance rejection. Selection of sample time and quadratic cost matrices is done to provide good limit cycling performance in the presence of sensor noise and a control threshold nonlinearity. Large position changes are effected by feed-forward of a minimum fuel or straightline maneuver path. Results show that 20 ft precision can be achieved using current sensors, and that 2 ft precision would be possible with enhanced sensors.
Direct and large-eddy simulations of a pure thermal plume

A turbulent natural convection flow (Gr=2.2×1010) arising from a heated and finite size source in a quiescent and infinite environment was numerically investigated by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large eddy simulation. Several subgrid-scale models (SGS) were tested and specific attention was paid to dynamic models. The well known dynamic model was compared to the Lagrangian dynamic model which was applied to both dynamic coefficient and turbulent Prandtl number. DNS results show good agreement with experimental results while the Lagrangian dynamic model and especially the extended Lagrangian dynamic model to Prandtl number estimation were found to significantly improve the prediction of pure thermal plume evolution, especially in the turbulent region in which the main turbulent characteristics fitted DNS results. The puffing phenomenon, i.e., unsteady vortex shedding concentration that occurs in the very close vicinity of the finite size source, was not correctly predicted by SGS models .
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A GRANULAR FLOW IN A VERTICAL PIPE : A SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS

Laboratoire Fluides Automatique et Syste`mes Thermiques, Baˆtiment 502, Campus Universitaire, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France~Received 30 January 1998; revised manuscript received 5 October 1998! The spatiotemporal characteristics of the ﬂow of 125 mm glass beads have been studied experimentally ina 2.9 mm diameter vertical glass pipe by means of a digital linear charge coupled device camera. The dynamicsand propagation of granular density ﬂuctuations have been analyzed in various ﬂow regimes for differentvalues of the granular mass-ﬂow rate and of the degree of humidity H. At low ﬂow rates, the granular ﬂow hasa high compactness and periodic intermittency effects occur at high H values: a pulsating bubble appears at thetop of the ﬂow channel and its time dependence is studied. At higher granular ﬂow rates, a wave regime isobserved with alternate low and high compactness regions: at low H values, the wave velocity is constant withtime and can be measured precisely from the spatiotemporal diagrams. At higher humidity contents, periodicoscillations of the wave system are observed: at high amplitudes, transient blockages of the ﬂow and astick-slip displacement mode have been identiﬁed. @S1063-651X~99! 06901-9#PACS number~s! : 81.05. Rm, 05.20. Dd, 83.70. FnI. INTRODUCTION
Atomic layer deposition of ZrO2 on W for metal-insulator-metal capacitor application

A metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitor using ZrO2 on tungsten (W) metal bottom electrode was demonstrated and characterized in this letter. Both ZrO2 and W metal were synthesized by an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. High-quality 110∼115 A ZrO2 films were grown uniformly on ALD W using ZrCl4 and H2O precursors at 300 °C, and polycrystalline ZrO2 in the ALD regime could be obtained. A 13∼14-A-thick interfacial layer between ZrO2 and W was observed after fabrication, and it was identified as WOx through angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis with wet chemical etching. The apparent equivalent oxide thickness was 20∼21 A. An effective dielectric constant of 22∼25 including an interfacial WOx layer was obtained by measuring capacitance and thickness of MIM capacitors with Pt top electrodes. High capacitance per area (16∼17 fF/μm2) and low leakage current (10−7 A/cm2 at ±1 V) were achieved.
Physics, community and the crisis in physical theory

L'A. etudie les raisons internes de la restructuration de toutes les sciences sur le modele predomoniant de la chimie. Une telle transformation a l'interieur meme des sciences physiques resulte du succes de la mecanique quantique et de la nouvelle theorie physique sur laquelle elle se fonde. Cette physique fondamentale revele la structure hierarchisee d'un monde physique qui se presente a travers sa structure moleculaire et atomique, apprehendee dans sa dimension micro- ou macroscopique. L'homme n'a plus a inventer, mais a decouvrir les lois de la nature. La quasi-stabilite de l'ontologie implique une separation entre la sphere de la moralite et celle de la science
Strong Convergence of Modified Iteration Processes for Relatively Weak Nonexpansive Mappings

We adapt the concept of shrinking projection method of Takahashi et al. [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 341(2008), 276-286] to the iteration scheme studied by Kim and Lee [Kyungpook Math. J. 48(2008), 685-703] for two relatively weak nonexpansive mappings. By letting one of the two mappings be the identity mapping, we also obtain strong convergence theorems for a single mapping with two types of computational errors. Finally, we improve Kim and Lee's convergence theorem in the sense that the same conclusion still holds without the uniform continuity of mappings as was the case in their result.
Effect of top electrode materials on bipolar resistive switching behavior of gallium oxide films

Well-developed bipolar resistive switching behaviors have been revealed in Pt/GaOx/ITO stacks without an electroforming process. By substituting platinum with titanium as the top electrode, switching polarity changed from “counter-Figure-8” to “Figure-8. ” The modulation of Schottky barrier at the Pt/GaOx interface induced by migration of oxygen vacancies was proposed to explain the switching in Pt/GaOx/ITO stacks, while the switching in Ti/GaOx/ITO stacks was ascribed to the redox reaction at the Ti/GaOx interface. Our experimental result further confirms the migration of oxygen vacancies in the vicinity of the electrode area plays an important role in the resistive switching process.