Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXPRESSION OF CYTOKERATIN 5/6 IN BENIGN AND MALIGNANT BREAST LESIONS

Background: The incidence of breast cancer is rising in India and is now the second most common cancer diagnosed in women after cervical cancer. Breast carcinoma is a group of very diverse diseases that can be detected at a clinical, histopathological and molecular level. A panel of antibodies, improved antigen retrieval techniques have all contributed to the use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in solving diagnostic problems in breast pathology. The aim of the present study was to study the frequency and diagnostic utility of CK 5/6 expression in benign and malignant breast disease along with its use as a surrogate marker. Materials and Methods: The study was done at a tertiary centre in the Department of Pathology, for a period of 18months which is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study. Clinical data was retrieved from HPE records. Result: Total specimens collected were 60, of which benign lesions accounted for 20 and malignant lesions were 40. All benign breast lesions (fibroadenomas, fibrocystic disease, benign papillomas, UDH) showed strong positivity with a staining index of 6+. Atypical papillary lesions (2 cases), atypical ductal hyperplasias (2 cases) were negative for CK 5/6 immunostaining in the luminal proliferation with a retained myoepithelial layer in the periphery positive for ck5/6. In case of malignancies, 6 cases (15%) were positive for CK 5/6 immunostaining, indicating a basal like phenotype. Out of six cases,4 cases were that of IDC NOS, one case of medullary carcinoma, one case of metaplastic carcinoma. All these cases were triple negative. Conclusion: CK 5/6 positivity is used as a component of panels to differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions.
Comparison of the Grain-Reﬁning Efﬁciencies of Ti and LaB 6 Inoculants in Additively Manufactured 2024 Aluminum Alloy: The Important Role of Solutes

: The present work aims to boost our understanding of factors governing the grain-reﬁning efﬁciency of inoculation treatments by comparing the grain-reﬁning efﬁciencies of two inoculators: Ti nanoparticles and LaB 6 nanoparticles, in a 2024 Al alloy during additive manufacturing (AM). Experimental results obtained by scanning electron microscopy show that the LaB 6 nanoparticle possessed almost no reﬁning effect on the alloy, with the addition content ranging from 0.5 wt. % to 2 wt. %. Conversely, the Ti nanoparticle resulted in a more pronounced reﬁnement and a ﬁne, fully equiaxed microstructure at 1 wt. % Ti addition. Based on transmission electron microscopy analysis, the higher reﬁning efﬁciency of Ti inoculation was ascribed to the incorporation of both Ti solute and the in situ-formed L1 2 -Al 3 Ti nucleation particles. The former signiﬁcantly increased the overall undercooling ahead of the growing Al grain, which ensured the activation of heterogeneous nucleation on the L1 2 -Al 3 Ti nanoparticles, leading to grain reﬁnement. This work highlights that despite the addition of nucleation particles, the incorporation of appropriate solutes to generate sufﬁcient undercooling is the prerequisite for the activation of heterogenous nucleation in AM.
TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PRELOADING AND WRAPPING OF LEGS IN PREVENTING HYPOTENSION AFTER SPINAL ANAESTHESIA DURING ELECTIVE CAESAREAN SECTION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Background: The use of spinal blockade has been shown to have a high level of efficacy in providing anaesthesia to patients who are having caesarean section procedures. Nevertheless, the occurrence of hypotension after spinal anaesthesia is a prevalent adverse event often seen in patients having caesarean section. The aim is to investigate the effectiveness of preloading and wrapping of legs in preventing hypotension after spinal anaesthesia during elective caesarean section. Materials and Methods: All patients who are scheduled to have an elective lower segment caesarean section were get spinal anaesthesia. The patients were categorized into two distinct categories. patients in Group 1 were administered a preloading treatment consisting of 15ml/kg of Ringer Lactate solution. On the other hand, patients in Group 2 had a procedure including the application of elasticated crepe bandages from the ankle to the mid-thigh. Result: The average arterial blood pressure in group 2 exhibited a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) at time points 4, 6, 8, 15, and 20 minutes when compared to group 1. Approximately 11.43% of patients in Group 1 exhibited the occurrence of hypotension, while 34.29% of patients in Group 2 experienced the development of hypotension. There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of hypotension between Group 2 and Group 1, with Group 2 exhibiting a greater incidence (p=0.03). Conclusion: We concluded that the administration of intravenous crystalloids at a rate of 15ml/kg as a volume preloading technique demonstrates a significant reduction in the occurrence of spinal hypotension in comparison to the use of stretchy crepe bandages wrapped around the legs from the ankle to the mid
AneurysmsPretreatment Evaluation of Intracranial Rotational Digital Angiography in the Digital Angiography Compared with Clinical Usefulness of Unsubtracted 3D

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is useful as a supplement to 2D DSA in the pretreatment evaluation of intracranial aneurysms. However, the clinical efficacy of 3D digital angiography (DA) that is generated from unsub-tracted rotational images has not been established. The purpose of this study was to assess whether 3D DA provides additional useful information to that of rotational DA in the preoperative evaluation of intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: This prospective study comprised 23 patients (age range, 37–83 years) with ruptured aneurysms who underwent angiography. Two radiologists independently evaluated the rotational DA images and the maximum intensity projection, shaded surface display, and volume-rendering 3D DA images, in combination with 2D DSA images. A four-point scoring system was used to evaluate aneurysm detection and delineation. Referring neurosurgeons were questioned as to whether the information obtained with 3D DA was useful for treatment decisions. RESULTS: Thirty aneurysms were confirmed by surgery or endovascular treatment. In detection and delineation of the 30 confirmed aneurysms, overall mean scores were highest with volume-rendering 3D DA and lowest with rotational DA. Compared with rotational DA, volume-rendering 3D DA demonstrated 27 additional findings in 14 (47%) of 30 aneurysms: detection of an aneurysm (n (cid:1) 2), and delineation of aneurysm neck, shape, and relationship to adjacent arteries (n (cid:1) 25). The information provided by 3D DA was useful for following treatment in five (22%) of 23 patients. CONCLUSION: In the preoperative evaluation of intracranial aneurysms, 3D DA can provide additional useful information to that of rotational DA. Three-dimensional digital
Actual Distributions and Validity of Petroleuciscus spp., with the Range Extension and Length-Weight Relationship Data in Case of Petroleuciscus ninae

The genus Petroleuciscus was known from the Marmara, Aegean, and Black Sea drainages, as well as southeast Anatolia and Iran. However, studies conducted in recent years have suggested that the species described in southeast Anatolia and Iran belong to different genera. The results and recommendations of these studies were evaluated. On the other hand, in the scope of this study, the taxonomic status and length-weight relationship of several Petroleuciscus ninae populations in Western Anatolia were evaluated. The morphological comparisons revealed that Tahtalı Reservoir, Küçük Menderes and Sarıçay rivers, and Acıgöl Lake`s Petroleuciscus populations recorded as Petroleuciscus smyrnaeus in all previous studies belong to P. ninae which was known only from the type locality Akçay Stream. In addition, the length-weight relationship of P. ninae in the lakes Akgöl and Belevi, Lake Acıgöl, stream Akçay, Sarıçay River, an inflow of Yenişehir Reservoir and inflow of Tahtalı Reservoir were studied. The following research considers some first records and comprehensive information on the length-weight relationship of P. ninae in the Western Anatolia water resources. In study, the constant b changed from 3.101 to 3.389 (Akçay Stream) in all the sampling locations. It is expected that the results of this research might support the conservation of this species and contribute knowledge of its taxonomic status.
Construction of Long-term Seismic Catalog with Deep Learning and Characterization of Preseismic Fault Behavior in the Ridgecrest-Coso Region (2008-2019)

Long-term seismicity is an eﬀective tool to infer fault properties at depth, but the catalog construction is challenging because of the large data volume. We propose a new deep learning-based workﬂow that follows a “Train-Detect-Pick” procedure, which solves the generalization problem in AI pickers. We apply the new workﬂow on the preseismic phase (2008-2019) of Ridgecrest-Coso region. Results show that the new workﬂow realizes eﬃcient and stable detection, and well substitutes matched ﬁlter. Our new catalog helps characterize the preseismic fault behavior: (1) the Ridgecrest area has a distributed deformation, and the 2019-ruptured segment has a persistent asperity; (2) the central Garlock fault is unfavorable for rupture propagation, because of its discontinuous geometry and low coupling ratio; (3) the Coso geothermal ﬁeld generates intense and shallow seismicity, which has a high b-value that does not correlate with seismicity rate and industrial production, thus suggest a low stress level
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Individuals with disabilities face greater challenges in the labor market than able-bodied individuals and a growing body of research is finding that their children also tend to have more developmental problems than the children of able-bodied parents. Can transfer payments help reduce this gap? In this paper, we present the first evidence on how parental disability benefits affect the well-being of children. Using changes in real benefits under ten disability benefit programs in Canada as an identification strategy and Statistics Canada's National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) as the data source on child outcomes, we find strong evidence that higher benefits lead to improvements in children's cognitive and non-cognitive development, as measured by math scores in standardized tests, hyperactive symptoms and emotional anxiety behavior. The effect is larger on children with a disabled mother than on those with a disabled father.
Uncertainty quantification of injected droplet size in mono-dispersed Eulerian simulations

Large-eddy simulations (LES) of a laboratory-scale two-phase burner are considered by describing the disperse liquid spray with a mono-disperse Eulerian approach. In this simpliﬁed framework, the choice of the size of the injected droplets becomes a critical issue. The impact of this key parameter upon the numerical results is carefully assessed though uncertainty quantiﬁcation tools. Using Polynomial Chaos Expansion and Clenshaw-Curtis nested quadrature rule, several LES are performed for different injected droplet sizes in order to obtain a response surface of velocity and diameter ﬁelds at any point in the computational domain as a function of the injected one. Post-treatment of the response surface gives access to the precise impact of the chosen injected droplet size on the results. It is shown that information obtained from different mono-disperse simulations enables to answer a couple of practical questions in such two-phase ﬂow simulations: How can the mono-disperse simulations be compared to the poly-disperse experimental results and their accuracy evaluated? More importantly, if only one simulation is to be carried out for a larger case, which value of the injected droplet size is the best?
From Soils to Streams: Connecting Terrestrial Carbon From Soils to Streams: Connecting Terrestrial Carbon Transformation, Chemical Weathering, and Solute Export Across Transformation, Chemical Weathering, and Solute Export Across Hydrological Regimes Hydrological Regimes

Soil biota generates carbon that exports vertically to the atmosphere (CO 2 ) and transports laterally to streams and rivers (dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, DOC and DIC). These processes, together with chemical weathering, vary with flow paths across hydrological regimes; yet an integrated understanding of these interactive processes is still lacking. Here we ask: How and to what extent do subsurface carbon transformation, chemical weathering
Studies of superglacial debris on valley glaciers

On the stagnant ice of Wolf Creek Glacier, in the Canadian Yukon, fully 90 per cent of the superglacial debris is derived from an englacial source. A mantle averaging two feet thick has developed by ablation of ice containing but a fraction of I per cent debris. This mantle is a heterogeneous mixture ranging from large angular blocks 15 to 20 feet in diameter to well-bedded pond deposits of clay ·and silt. With increasing time in the superglacial environment size and angularity of fragments are reduced, sorting is improved, and mean grain size is increased through removal of fine material by melt water. On areas of ice long stagnant, 50 to 60 per cent of the superglacial debris has been reworked by running water. A heterogeneous and irregularly distributed superglacial mantle promotes differential ablation which is a major factor in producing and maintaining the irregular topography of stagnant ice. Layers of fine debris, even though moist, provide insulation equivalent to a foot or two of coarse debris owing to the ease with which air and water circulate through the larger openings of the latter. Ice well insulated by superglacial detritus forms irregular mounds and ridges which increase in size until progressive thinning of the debris mantle, or its removal by some independent agent, permits more rapid ablation, eventually resulting in a complete inversion of topographic relief. Under conditions now existing in the Wolf Creek area, decades are probably required for such an inversion in the areas of heavy superglacial mantle. Glacial tables, moraines, mud ridges, and other features of the superglacial mantle are also described briefly. Dust wells and dust basins form on relatively clean ice where indirect ablation exceeds direct ablation. In this region much of the bottom silt is probably not dust. Continued deepening of wells with shaded bottoms is attributed chiefly to direct absorption of diffused radiation and partly to transmission of direct and diffused radiation through the ice. Dust basins are more largely the product of direct radiation, and their consistent east-west elongation is ascribed to greater combined retreat of the east and west walls than of the north wall alone. The division of these features into alpine- and polar-type Kryokonitlocher does not hold on Wolf Creek. The complete wasting of stagnant ice leaves an accumulation of debris reproducing on reduced scale the irregular topography of the stagnant ice and having the constitution of the superglacial mantle.
The Eﬀects of Cup Feeding and Finger Feeding Techniques on Weight Gain in Preterm Infants Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Background: Weightisoneof themainindicatorsof physicalgrowthandbraindevelopmentininfants,especiallypreterminfants. Feedingpreterminfantsisanongoingchallengeforthoseinchargeof feedinginfants,especiallythosewithverylowbirthweights. Feeding diﬃculties in premature infants lead to long hospital stays and increased costs. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the eﬀects of cup feeding and ﬁnger feeding techniques on weight gain in premature infants. Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 90 premature infants with an average weight of 1784.3 ± 497 g admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Ali Bin Abi Talib (AS) Hospital located in Zahedan, the southeast of Iran, in 2021. The infants were randomly divided into 3 groups: Cup feeding, ﬁnger feeding, and control groups (each with 30 infants). The intervention was performed for 3 consecutive days without interruption, even on holidays for each infant. The amount and frequency of feeding each infant depended on the birth weight and the diagnosis of a specialist. The infant’s weight was recorded before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 using analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired-samples t -test, and chi-square test. Results: The average weight of infants signiﬁcantly increased in the cup feeding (P < 0.01) and ﬁnger feeding (P < 0.01) groups comparedwiththecontrolgroup. Thehighestweightgainwasrecordedinthe ﬁngerfeedinggroup(109.55g), followedbythecup feeding group (65.8 g) and the control group (31.1 g; P = 0.001). The ANOVA results suggested that the ﬁnger feeding technique was most eﬀective in gaining weight and achieving independent oral feeding in premature infants.
Physical and Textural Properties of Soy Oil-Based Full-Fat Mayonnaise Enriched with Virgin Red Palm Oil

Mayonnaise, a classic condiment, is made by gradually mixing between the oil phase (vegetable oils) and the water phase such as egg yolk, vinegar, salt, sugar, and seasonings, creating a semi-solid emulsion. This study aimed to identify the effect of virgin red palm oil addition on the physical and textural properties of full-fat mayonnaise. The study formulated full-fat mayonnaise using soybean oil as an oil base. In addition, virgin red palm oil, replacing soybean oil, was introduced into the mayo recipe at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% as a bioactive ingredient. The physical characteristics were examined by assessing several parameters such as viscosity, pH value, color, and emulsion stability as well as a creaming index. Concurrently, a texture analyzer was employed to assess the textural qualities of full-fat mayonnaise encompassing firmness, consistency, and cohesiveness. The study found that the physical and textural characteristics of full-fat mayonnaise varied depending on the variation of red palm oil addition. All in all, full-fat mayonnaise properties, particularly physical and textural parameter, was affected by the substitution of soybean oil with various percentages of virgin red palm oil.
Plate Boundary Adjustments of the Southernmost Queen Charlotte Fault

Abstract A revision of the plate boundary configuration offshore southern Haida Gwaii, which is the locus of the 2012 M w 7.8 thrust earthquake, is based on a re‐evaluation of regional geophysical data and leads to recognition of fault segments critical for seismic‐hazard analysis. Off western Canada, the strike‐slip Queen Charlotte fault (QCF) and Revere–Dellwood fault (RDF) constitute the transpressive plate boundary between the Pacific and North American plates. The southernmost 80 km of the QCF strikes at the highest angle (∼20°) to the relative plate motion, yet geomorphology adjacent to the fault is the most subdued. Synthesizing geomorphology, seismicity, sidescan sonar, gravity, and seismic reflection profiles indicates that the plate boundary is evolving to a less transpressive configuration than previously interpreted. The RDF is 100 km longer than previously mapped; it has propagated northward and overlaps the QCF by 120 km. Propagation is defined by strike‐slip earthquakes 3.9 M w M w 7.8 and the 1949 M 8.1 earthquakes.
Alternative measures of trait–niche relationships: A test on dispersal traits in saproxylic beetles

Abstract Functional trait approaches are common in ecology, but a lack of clear hypotheses on how traits relate to environmental gradients (i.e., trait–niche relationships) often makes uncovering mechanisms difficult. Furthermore, measures of community functional structure differ in their implications, yet inferences are seldom compared among metrics. Community‐weighted mean trait values (CWMs), a common measure, are largely driven by the most common species and thus do not reflect community‐wide trait–niche relationships per se. Alternatively, trait–niche relationships can be estimated across a larger group of species using hierarchical joint species distribution models (JSDMs), quantified by a parameter Γ. We investigated how inferences about trait–niche relationships are affected by the choice of metric. Using deadwood‐dependent (saproxylic) beetles in fragmented Finnish forests, we followed a protocol for investigating trait–niche relationships by (1) identifying environmental filters (climate, forest age, and deadwood volume), (2) relating these to an ecological function (dispersal ability), and (3) identifying traits related to this function (wing morphology). We tested 18 hypothesized dispersal relationships using both CWM and Γ estimates across these environmental gradients. CWMs were more likely than Γ to show support for trait–niche relationships. Up to 13% of species' realized niches were explained by dispersal traits, but the directions of effects were consistent with fewer than 11%–39% of our 18 trait–niche hypotheses (depending on the metric used). This highlights the difficulty in connecting morphological traits and ecological functions in insects, despite the clear conceptual link between landscape connectivity and flight‐related traits. Caution is thus warranted in hypothesis development, particularly where apparent trait–function links are less clear. Inferences differ when CWMs versus Γ estimates are used, necessitating the choice of a metric that reflects study questions. CWMs help explain the effects of environmental gradients on community trait composition, whereas the effects of traits on species' niches are better estimated using hierarchical JSDMs.
Epigenetic weapons in plant-herbivore interactions: Sulforaphane disrupts histone deacetylases, gene expression, and larval development in Spodoptera exigua while the specialist feeder Trichoplusia ni is largely resistant to these effects

Cruciferous plants produce sulforaphane (SFN), an inhibitor of nuclear histone deacetylases (HDACs). In humans and other mammals, the consumption of SFN alters enzyme activities, DNA-histone binding, and gene expression within minutes. However, the ability of SFN to act as an HDAC inhibitor in nature, disrupting the epigenetic machinery of insects feeding on these plants, has not been explored. Here, we demonstrate that SFN consumed in the diet inhibits the activity of HDAC enzymes and slows the development of the generalist grazer Spodoptera exigua, in a dose-dependent fashion. After consuming SFN for seven days, the activities of HDAC enzymes in S. exigua were reduced by 50%. Similarly, larval mass was reduced by 50% and pupation was delayed by 2–5 days, with no additional mortality. Similar results were obtained when SFN was applied topically to eggs. RNA-seq analyses confirm that SFN altered the expression of thousands of genes in S. exigua. Genes associated with energy conversion pathways were significantly downregulated while those encoding for ribosomal proteins were dramatically upregulated in response to the consumption of SFN. In contrast, the co-evolved specialist feeder Trichoplusia ni was not negatively impacted by SFN, whether it was consumed in their diet at natural concentrations or applied topically to eggs. The activities of HDAC enzymes were not inhibited and development was not disrupted. In fact, SFN exposure sometimes accelerated T. ni development. RNA-seq analyses revealed that the consumption of SFN alters gene expression in T. ni in similar ways, but to a lesser degree, compared to S. exigua. This apparent resistance of T. ni can be overwhelmed by unnaturally high levels of SFN or by exposure to more powerful pharmaceutical HDAC inhibitors. These results demonstrate that dietary SFN interferes with the epigenetic machinery of insects, supporting the hypothesis that plant-derived HDAC inhibitors serve as “epigenetic weapons” against herbivores.