Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ancient Mining and Smelting Activities in the Wadi Abu Gerida Area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt: Preliminary Results

Old mining and smelting features in the Abu Gerida area have been studied using field observations, microscopy and SEM–EDS to detect the ores that were exploited in antiquity. There are two groups of shafts in the area. The first group encloses secondary copper minerals and is associated with glassy slags containing copper prills. The other group is associated with hematite that was extracted and transferred to a smelting station to the west of the mining site, where iron slags and charcoal fragments are found. These slags are composed mainly of wustite, fayalite–kirschsteinite and traces of metallic iron. Pottery fragments from this area were dated to the Ptolemaic Period, which may be the age of iron exploitation. Copper might have been exploited earlier.
NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY

Present: Mrs M O Grant (in the Chair), the Vice-Chancellor, Dr E G N Cross, Professor M Goodfellow, Ms J Henderson, Mr C J Hilton, Mr M I’Anson, Sir Miles Irving, Mr P M Johnson, Mr S Lightley, Professor J N Marshall, Mr M J McDonnell (President, Union Society), Ms J Parkinson, Mr S Pleydell, Mr B A Potter (Education Officer) and Mr A M Wilton. In attendance: Professor G J Docherty (acting Pro-Vice-Chancellor (HASS)), Professor C P Day, Professor O R Hinton, Professor T F Page, Professor E Ritchie and Professor A C Stevenson (Pro-Vice-Chancellors), Dr J V Hogan (Registrar) and Miss E M Niven (Administrative Officer).
Pixel‐scale assessment and uncertainty analysis of AIRS and MODIS ice cloud optical thickness and effective radius

Comparisons of collocated Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ice cloud optical thickness (τ) and effective radius (re) retrievals and their uncertainty estimates are described at the pixel scale. While an estimated 27% of all AIRS fields of view contain ice cloud, only 7% contain spatially uniform ice according to the MODIS 1 km optical property phase mask. The ice cloud comparisons are partitioned by horizontal variability in cloud amount, cloud top thermodynamic phase, vertical layering of clouds, and other parameters. The magnitudes of τ and re and their relative uncertainties are compared for a wide variety of pixel‐scale cloud complexity. The correlations of τ and re between the two instruments are strong functions of horizontal cloud heterogeneity and vertical cloud structure, with the highest correlations found in single‐layer, horizontally homogeneous clouds over the low‐latitude tropical oceans. While the τ comparisons are essentially unbiased for homogeneous ice cloud with variability that depends on scene complexity, a bias of 5–10 µm remains in re within the most homogeneous scenes identified, consistent with known radiative transfer differences in the visible and infrared bands. The AIRS and MODIS uncertainty estimates reflect the wide variety of cloud complexity, with greater magnitudes in scenes with larger horizontal variability. The AIRS averaging kernels suggest scene‐dependent information content that is consistent with infrared sensitivity to ice clouds. The AIRS‐normalized χ2 radiance fits suggest that accounting for horizontal cloud variability is likely to improve the AIRS ice cloud retrievals.
Does the Great Glen fault really disrupt Moho and upper mantle structure

Many previous interpretations of deep seismic reflection profiles across the Great Glen strike-slip fault system have postulated that the fault penetrates the crust and upper mantle as a vertical plane that sharply offsets the Moho discontinuity. Such an interpretation has become a general feature of more recent regional syntheses of the deep geology of the British Isles. Reprocessing of portions of four profiles across the fault improves the resolution of lower crustal and upper mantle structure and calls into question the “Moho step” interpretation. Diffraction analysis and seismic migration applied to reflection data north of Shetland across the northward continuation of the Great Glen fault (Walls Boundary fault) indicate a narrow synform or “keel” developed on the Moho directly beneath the fault. This keel is itself underlain by a possible mantle reflection that is cut off by the downward projection of the fault. North and west of Ireland, analyses of amplitudes, frequencies, and the geometrical behavior of reflections upon migration show that structures previously interpreted as Moho steps may be better explained as distinct packages of reflectivity that are uppermost mantle or possibly out of the plane in origin. In one location north of Ireland where some three-dimensional control exists, the vertically downward projection of the Great Glen fault intersects, without disrupting, dipping structure in the upper mantle. This observation leads to a model for displacement on the fault system in which motion is laterally transferred along a dipping ramp (or blind thrust) in the uppermost mantle, somewhat analogous to models developed for the San Andreas fault that indicate displacement along the fault to be laterally offset within the middle crust. One of the principal conclusions of this study, that major vertical steps on the Moho beneath the Great Glen fault are difficult to support from the available seismic data, is consistent with Theologically based studies which predict that Moho “topography” such as vertical steps is unlikely to be preserved over long periods of geologic time.
Assessing Knowledge, Perception, and Management Toward Traumatic Tooth Avulsion Among Dentists in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: The long-term prognosis of teeth that have experienced traumatic avulsion is highly dependent on appropriate and prompt emergency management taken immediately after the avulsion. The main goal in the treatment of traumatic permanent tooth avulsion is to replant as soon as possible in its correct anatomical position to maintain the viability of the periodontal ligament and neurovascular supply while restoring aesthetic and preserving the functional integrity of the tooth. General dentists can deal properly with emergency cases, such as tooth avulsion, and also should be aware of appropriate management to take care of avulsions and to determine the prognosis especially since such incidents often occur at times when dental professionals are least prepared to address them. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of dentists who are working in various hospitals, clinics, and dental schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, with respect to traumatic permanent tooth avulsion and the appropriate methods for its management. Methods: The study design is a cross-sectional study with dentists working in various clinical settings in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire used in the study consists of a total of 19 items: nine items about demographic data, including training background, and 10 multiple-choice questions regarding dental trauma and its management. Conclusion: Higher dental education and post-graduate training gave the dentists better judgment in dealing with dental emergencies compared to general dentists. Thus, the recommendation of this study is to include the comprehensive treatment of avulsion emergencies in the dental school curriculums and increase the exposure of dental students to such cases.
Ideologies of Eastness in Central and Eastern Europe

1. Central and Eastern Europe and the Idea of the East 2. Central and Eastern Europe in a Center-Periphery Perspective 3. Dependence Doxa: Western Hegemony and its Naturalization in Central and Eastern Europe 4. Intelligentsia Doxa: A Hegemony of the Intelligentsia and its Naturalization 5. Post-colonial Theory in a Central European Context 6. The Kresy (Old Borderlands) Discourse and its Critics 7. The New Borderlands Discourse 8. Constructing New Identities for Eastern Poland 9. Belarussian, Lithuanian and Ukrainian Reactions to Polish Discourses on the East 10. Conclusions: Critical Theory in a Central European Context
Improving health-care planning for fracture patients in Türkiye: insights from a nationwide study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The distribution of fractures may vary according to age and gender. In a country like Türkiye, which has high population density and covers a large geographical area, it is important to understand the regional variations in fractures and identify the health institutions in which patients seek treatment to plan new health-care investments effectively. The objective of our study was to investigate the distribution of fractures across the seven regions of Türkiye considering age, gender, and the level of health institutions the patients visited. METHODS: Between January 2021 and May 2023, the total number of fractures, locations of the fractures, patient age and gender, geographical regions, and levels of the health-care institutions to which the patients presented were examined through the e-Nabız personal health record system. Age groups were divided into pediatric (0–19 years), adult (20–64 years), and geriatric (≥65 years) categories. Geographical regions included the Marmara, Central Anatolia, Black Sea, Eastern Anatolia, Aegean, Mediterranean, and Southeastern Anatolia regions. RESULTS: A total of 2,135,701 patients with 2,214,213 fractures were analyzed. Upper extremity fractures were the most common among all considered fracture groups (1,154,819 fractures, 52.2%). There were 643,547 fractures in the pediatric group, 1,191,364 fractures in the adult group, and 379,302 fractures in the geriatric group. While the total number of fractures was higher among men with 1,256,884 fractures (58.9%), the rate among women was higher in the geriatric group (67.2%). Geographically, the highest number of fractures was observed in the Marmara region (714,146 fractures), and 67.92% of all patients presented to secondary health-care institutions (1,500,780 fractures). The most commonly diagnosed fracture in the study population was distal radius fractures. The most common fracture in the geriatric group was femur fractures while distal radius fractures were the most common fractures in the adult and the pediatric groups. CONCLUSION: By understanding the distribution of fractures in Türkiye based on fracture site, geographical region, age, and gender, it becomes possible to improve the planning of patient access to health-care services. In regions with limited health resources, a more successful resource distribution can be achieved by considering fracture distributions and age groups.
The Way to Save Environment from Green Consumer Behavior: The Role of Advertising, Media, and Lifestyle

The green consumers’ low-rate behavior is often attributed to lifestyles that do not care about the environment. This paper aims to analyze the effect of eco-friendly product advertising and social media on green consumers’ behavior with an eco-friendly lifestyle as a mediator. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach with a unit of analysis of students in the city of Semarang. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to the number of samples taken, as many as 161 students using the inverse square root method with a proportional combination of cluster and purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SEM WarpPLS. The result shows that green product advertising and social media positively affected green consumer behavior, lifestyle mediated the impact of green product advertising on consumers’ behavior, and lifestyle mediated the influence of social media on consumers’ behavior. Therefore, students need to realize and understand how important the benefits of green product advertising are so they can pay attention to green product advertising and social media, besides that students need to manage their lifestyle by diverting their free time to activities that are more positive and valuable and are expected to be able to consider the needs especially related to environmentally friendly products as an effort to preserve the surrounding environment.
Climatology and recent increase of westerly winds over the Amundsen Sea derived from six reanalyses

The observed acceleration of glaciers from West Antarctica into the Amundsen Sea is estimated to be contributing 6% to current sea‐level rise with the estimated potential to add 0.24 m to global sea level. Stronger westerly winds over the Amundsen Sea can increase the flow of relatively warm ocean water to the base of ice shelves that flow from glaciers into the Amundsen Sea. Thinning of the glaciers caused by this warming is a potentially important factor in driving the observed acceleration of glaciers. However, the climatology of winds in the region has not been extensively studied due to a lack of in situ observational long‐term records. Here six different reanalysis datasets are assessed (CFSR, ERA‐40, ERA‐Interim, JRA‐25, MERRA and NNR1) to determine a best estimate of variability and change since 1979 when the widespread monitoring of the atmosphere from satellites was introduced. A comparison with independent mean sea‐level pressure data from ice drifting buoys shows that ERA‐Interim is clearly the most accurate at capturing the details of individual weather systems over the neighbouring Bellingshausen Sea, implying that it is also accurate over the Amundsen Sea. In terms of climatological means, the five recently‐produced (after ∼2000) reanalysis datasets show only small differences. Decadal variations of westerly winds congruent with the observed increases in the southern annular mode (SAM) index are a consistent feature across the reanalysis datasets. In particular, the strong seasonal dependence of observed trends in the SAM (i.e. significant positive trends in the summer and autumn in recent decades) is also seen in the strength of westerly winds over the Amundsen Sea. In terms of year‐to‐year variability, the annual mean westerly winds over the Amundsen Sea were found to be significantly correlated with the SAM in summer (r = 0.35; p≤0.05) and El Nino‐Southern Oscillation in spring (September to November) (r = 0.41; p≤0.05). Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Low‐order stochastic model and “past‐noise forecasting” of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation

This paper presents a predictability study of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) that relies on combining empirical model reduction (EMR) with the “past‐noise forecasting” (PNF) method. EMR is a data‐driven methodology for constructing stochastic low‐dimensional models that account for nonlinearity, seasonality and serial correlation in the estimated noise, while PNF constructs an ensemble of forecasts that accounts for interactions between (i) high‐frequency variability (noise), estimated here by EMR, and (ii) the low‐frequency mode of MJO, as captured by singular spectrum analysis (SSA). A key result is that—compared to an EMR ensemble driven by generic white noise—PNF is able to considerably improve prediction of MJO phase. When forecasts are initiated from weak MJO conditions, the useful skill is of up to 30 days. PNF also significantly improves MJO prediction skill for forecasts that start over the Indian Ocean.
Satisfaction With Life in IBS Is Associated With Psychological Burden Rather than Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity

INTRODUCTION: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has a major impact on emotional, social, and professional life. This study aimed to evaluate general life satisfaction, a subjective measure of well-being, in IBS patients, and to determine which factors are associated with higher life satisfaction. METHODS: IBS patients (n = 195, mean age 51.4 ± 16.5 years, 73.8% female) recruited from primary and secondary/tertiary care completed questionnaires regarding gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life, psychological factors, and life satisfaction (Satisfaction With Life Scale, 5 items, range 5–35). A finite mixture model analysis was performed to identify latent classes. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify variables associated with life satisfaction. RESULTS: Overall, 71.3% of the patients were satisfied about their life (Satisfaction With Life Scale-score ≥21). Three latent subgroups could be identified with significantly higher life satisfaction in the subgroup with higher mental quality of life, fewer anxiety and depressive symptoms, lower gastrointestinal specific anxiety, and lower gastrointestinal symptom severity, compared with the other 2 groups. Multivariable linear regression showed that higher physical quality of life (B0.168, P < 0.001) and higher mental quality of life (B0.199, P < 0.001) were associated with higher life satisfaction. Using multivariable regression, no significant association was found between gastrointestinal symptom severity and life satisfaction. DISCUSSION: Higher physical and mental quality of life, but not gastrointestinal symptom severity, were independently associated with higher general life satisfaction in IBS. These findings reinforce the clinical need in IBS treatment to focus on the full extent of the disorder and not merely on gastrointestinal symptom improvement. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00775060.
Correlation of ACR TI-RADS and Patient Outcomes in a Real-World Cohort Presenting for Thyroid Ultrasonography

Abstract Context The American College of Radiology Thyroid Image Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) was developed to predict malignancy risk in thyroid nodules using ultrasound features. TI-RADS was derived from a database of patients already selected for fine-needle aspiration (FNA), raising uncertainty about applicability to unselected patients. Objective We aimed to assess the effect of ACR TI-RADS reporting in unselected patients presenting for thyroid ultrasound in a real-world setting. Methods Records for all patients presenting for thyroid ultrasonography in Canterbury, New Zealand, were reviewed across two 18-month periods, prior to and after implementation of TI-RADS reporting. Patient outcomes were compared between the 2 periods. Malignancy rates were calculated for nodules 10 mm or larger with a definitive FNA or histology result. Results A total of 1210 nodules were identified in 582 patients prior to implementation of TI-RADS; 1253 nodules were identified in 625 patients after implementation of TI-RADS. TI-RADS category was associated with malignancy rate (0% in TR1 and TR2, 3% in TR3, 5% in TR4, 12% in TR5; P = .02); however, 63% of nodules were graded TR3 or TR4, for which malignancy rate did not meaningfully differ from baseline risk. After implementation of TI-RADS there was a small reduction in the proportion of patients proceeding to FNA (49% vs 60%; P < .01) or surgery (14% vs 18%; P < .05), with no difference in cancer diagnoses (3% vs 4%, not significant). Conclusion TI-RADS category is associated with malignancy rate and may alter clinical decision-making in a minority of patients; however, it is nondiscriminatory in the majority of nodules. In this study of unselected patients, nodules classified as TR5 and thus considered “highly suspicious” for cancer had only a modest risk of malignancy.
Late egg-laying and fledgling in a polyandrous trio of Bearded Vultures Gypaetus barbatus in the Pyrenees

The Bearded Vulture’s long breeding cycle requires that, in the Pyrenees, egg-laying must occur during the period from the last week of December to the first week of February. Fledging takes place during the second half of June or the first week of July. This note documents a case of late egg-laying and fledging in a polyandrous trio of Bearded Vultures. In 2002, a clutch of one egg, was laid between February 13th and 16th. Hatching occurred between April 6th and 10th, and the chick left the nest between August 18th and 20th, at 130-134 days of age. This case is one of the latest successful clutches observed and the latest documented fledging on the southern side of the Pyrenees.
Mental health challenges experienced by LGBTI+ community in Gaborone: A phenomenological study

Background Mental health challenges have affected the entire global population including individuals identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex and others (LGBTI+). There is documented evidence of a high prevalence of mental health challenges among LGBTI+ community across the globe, but in Botswana there is dearth of literature pertaining to the phenomenon of LGBTI+ mental health challenges. Aim The study was aimed at exploring and describing the mental health challenges experienced by some people identifying as the LGBTI+ community in Gaborone, Botswana. Setting The study was conducted in Gaborone in Botswana. Methods The study adopted a qualitative, phenomenological, descriptive design with 15 participants identified through snowball sampling. LEGABIBO, the LGBTI+ advocacy organisation, served as gatekeeper after Health Research and Development Division under the Ministry of Health and Wellness gave the ethical clearance of the study. Data were collected through unstructured telephonic interviews and recorded with a digital voice recorder. Results The study established that some LGBTI+ individuals experienced mental health challenges like experiences of depression, experiences of gender dysphoria, and loneliness and isolation. Conclusion It is concluded that individuals identifying as LGBTI+ experience mental health challenges that stem from being stigmatised and discriminated among others. Contribution The findings of the study provide information that may be used in dealing with mental health issues of individuals identifying as LGBTI+. Furthermore, the findings may inform nursing practice, research and education issues on LGBTI+ as well as influence health policy in addressing the mental health issues of those identifying as LGBTI+.