Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Template-free synthesis of 3D hierarchical nanostructured NiCo2O4 mesoporous ultrathin nanosheet hollow microspheres for excellent methanol electrooxidation and supercapacitors

A facile template-free solvothermal method without any additional alkali was developed to fabricate a 3D hierarchical hollow microsphere precursor, followed by annealing in air, leading to a novel 3D hierarchical NiCo2O4 hollow microsphere material, which is composed of mesoporous (16.1 nm) ultrathin nanosheets (∼11–21 nm) consisting of ultrafine NiCo2O4 nanoparticles (11.9 nm). This 3D hierarchical NiCo2O4 nanosheet hollow microsphere material possesses a high specific surface area (93.4 m2 g−1) and mesoporosity, and thus superior electrochemical performance as an advanced electrode material. For methanol electrooxidation, the 3D hierarchical NiCo2O4 nanosheet hollow microsphere displays much higher electrocatalytic activity (95 A g−1, at 0.6 V), lower overpotential (0.27 V, vs. SCE), and higher stability compared with the 3D hierarchical NiCo2O4 nanosheet solid microspheres, Co3O4 and NiO microspheres. For supercapacitors, the NiCo2O4 hollow microsphere exhibits excellent specific capacitance of 1701 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, excellent rate capability (61.5% retention at 15 A g−1), and good electrochemical stability with 78.2% retention after 1000 charge–discharge cycles even at a high current density of 10 A g−1. These findings can be explained by the unique integral characteristics of 3D NiCo2O4 hollow spheres with high electron conductivity, large surface area and numerous open spaces between neighboring mesoporous ultrathin nanosheets, which can offer many facile diffusion paths for ion/electrolyte and greatly improve the electron/ion transfer within the electrode and at the electrode–electrolyte interfaces.
Understanding the Impact of CEO Motivations for M&As on Post-Acquisition Target Performance

The market for mergers and acquisitions (MA Bliss & Rosen, 2001). Higher compensation that CEOs receive after an acquisition and the reduction of the job-related risks by diversification into unrelated businesses are often cited as factors that lead to top managers’ decision to undertake MA Amihud & Lev, 1981). Despite such advances of knowledge in the current literature on M&As, it is still unclear how CEO motivations for an M&A are linked to post-acquisition underperformance of a target. To address this gap in the literature, this study examines the impact of self-serving motivations of top managers to undertake an M&A on the post-merger operating performance of a target firm. This study also investigates how CEO ownership affects the post-merger target performance. The results show that, on average, an increase in the total yearly compensation to CEOs does not have a significant impact on target performance one year after deal completion. Thus, large rewards granted to CEOs after M&As may not motivate them to achieve higher profits one year post-merger. Acquisition of an unrelated target, on the other hand, has a positive effect on target performance following a merger. This result provides evidence that CEO motives to diversify personal risks with an acquisition of unrelated targets do not impede post-acquisition profits. Findings also suggest that CEO stock ownership does not improve the post-merger operating performance of targets, mainly due to the very small equity stakes owned by CEOs (1.75% on average). This study contributes to the existing literature on the role of CEOs in understanding the post-M&A performance.
Interaction of ruthenium tetroxide with surfaces of nuclear reactor containment building

Abstract During a severe nuclear accident, different fission products will be released from the nuclear fuel and some of them may eventually reach the containment building. Ruthenium is considered to be an important fission product due to the possible formation of volatile oxides. Radiotoxicity and chemical toxicity of the volatile ruthenium compounds present a considerable hazard during a severe nuclear accident. In this work, experiments regarding behavior of ruthenium tetroxide in the reactor containment were performed. The interactions of ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) with zinc, copper, aluminum and epoxy paint in dry and humid atmosphere were examined. SEM/EDX (scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) techniques were used to identify the chemical composition of the deposits formed after the interaction of RuO4 with the different materials. Additionally, distribution of ruthenium between different metals was examined. Interaction of RuO4 with the studied samples led to formation of dark, ruthenium-rich deposits. Examination of these deposits showed different chemical speciation of ruthenium on the surface when compared to the deeper layers of deposits. Interaction of RuO4 with zinc, copper and aluminum resulted to different amounts of the deposited ruthenium on the metals.
Adsorption of Pb~(2+) in Hydrofacies by Diatomite

Studies the process that Pb~(2+) in hydrofacies are adsorbed onto the diatomite from Changbai Mountain Area in Jilin Province PRC, with the effect of various influencing factors on the adsorption discussed. The results revealed that the diatomite used has a favorable adsorbing effect by which only about 5 min are required for equilibrated adsorption. Compared to the adsorption effect on acidic conditions (pH4), in this process a best effect comes out at pH=65. Temperature has no significant effect on the adsorption. In particular the adsorbent dosage required for the adsorption process is few, e.g., only 04? g diatomite was needed to remove 98% of Pb~(2+) in a 100? mL solution with Pb~(2+) concentration up to 50? mg/L. The removal rate will approach to 100% after a secondary adsorption by diatomite. 
The Influence of Boria and EDTA on the Hydrodesulfurization Activity on CoMoS Supported Catalysts

The hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene (HDS of DBT) in a high pressure batch reactor at 320°C was carried out over CoMo/Al2O3-B2O3 catalysts with different B2O3 contents (4, 10, and 16 wt%). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with different EDTA/Co mole ratios (0.6, 1.2 and 1.8) was used as a chelating ligand during the preparation of CoMo/Al2O3-B2O3. XRD studies, FTIR, TPD of NH3, and BET experiments were used to investigate the catalyst samples. The results showed that the catalyst using the support with 4 wt% B2O3 and an EDTA/Co mole ratio of 1.2 had a hydrodesulfurization activity (in pseudo first order kinetic constant basis) value of ~2.96 times higher than that of the simple CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst.
In-Operation Identification of a Wind Turbine Structure via Non-Stationary Parametric Models

The in-operation identification of a wind turbine structure via non-stationary parametric Time-dependent AutoRegressive (TAR) models is presented. The identification is based on a single vibration acceleration response signal obtained at the tower of a NegNicon NM52/900 wind turbine under normal operating conditions. Following preliminary non-parametric analysis, Smoothness Priors TAR (SP-TAR) and Functional Series TAR (FS-TAR) models are identified and analyzed. The results of the study confirm the cyclo-stationary and/or non-stationary nature of the dynamics, and indicate three main types of dynamical behavior: That due to the wind characteristics, those due to the low and high speed shafts of the transmission system, and strongly cyclo-stationary dynamics associated with blade rotation.
A Script-based Approach for Teaching and Assessing Android Application Development

Mobile applications are extremely popular with many higher education institutions offering courses to prepare new developers sought by the software industry. However, teaching and assessing mobile application development poses specific challenges due to the complexity of real-world programming languages and environments. In this work, we present a script-based approach for teaching and assessing Android application development that addresses shortcomings of existing tools that impact negatively on the learning experience. Our evaluation, which covers pedagogical and technical aspects, provides possible evidence that the scripts have been beneficial in helping students to work more efficiently and achieve better results. Additionally, the scripts have been effective in streamlining the grading process and keeping the tutorial material up to date with the evolution of the Android platform.
Charged Particles Modulate Local Ionic Concentrations and Cause Formation of Positive Peaks in Resistive-Pulse-Based Detection

We study the effect of electrolyte concentration on the shape of ion current pulses in resistive-pulse sensing. We show that electrokinetic passage of several hundred nanometers in diameter charged polystyrene particles through a micropore leads to formation of current increase when the particles exit the pore. The particle entrance, as reported before, causes formation of the current decrease, which is a measure of the particle size. Formation of the double peak, i.e., current decrease followed by a current increase, is especially pronounced if the resistive-pulse experiments are carried out in KCl concentrations below 200 mM. In order to explain the pulse shape, experiments were designed in which the particles passed through the pore only by either electroosmosis or electrophoresis. The presented experiments and modeling indicate that while both electroosmosis and electrophoresis affect the ion current pulse, formation of the positive peak is mainly determined by the latter effect and the charged state .
CO₂-EOR: Security of Storage

Preliminary studies from CO2-EOR in Canada have suggested that, in CO2-EOR settings, solubility trapping takes place within both aqueous and hydrocarbon phases. As such it is postulated that CO2-EOR may provide a greater quantity of securely stored CO2 than a purely non-EOR storage operation. This study's principal objective was to quantify how much solubility trapping takes place within both aqueous and hydrocarbon phases in CO2-EOR settings. The Pembina Cardium CO2 Monitoring Pilot Project was used as a test site to determine the relative roles of solubility trapping. Firstly two geochemical approaches using empirical data from the site (gas geochemistry, production volumes and water isotope geochemistry) were used to determine the phase distribution of CO2 (dissolved or free phase) at a number of production wells that were sampled monthly during a two-year CO2 injection pilot. In addition a simplified reservoir simulation was performed to use it as a test-bed to investigate various CO2 injection scenarios with a model having some of the salient features of the pilot project. In particular this model was used to test the observations of the role of solubility trapping versus free-phase CO2 trapping.
Heat transfer for a semi-confined impinging laminar jet

Jets are used for a multitude of applications such as annealing, drying, and cooling. Here, heat transfer and fluid flow aspects of a steady-state two-dimensional impinging semi-confined laminar jet are numerically analyzed for various conditions using a finite control volume method. Jet Reynolds numbers in the range {le} Re{sub w} {le} 500 are considered for non-dimensional distances from jet inlet to target plate, H/W, of 1 to 4. The effect of changing thermal boundary conditions is examined. A self-adjusting noding scheme was developed and used to increase resolution in regions where thermal conditions were changing rapidly in the direction of flow. Jet Nusselt numbers are calculated to be between 0.8 and 0.9 times the square root of jet Reynolds number at the stagnation point. The Nusselt number profile along the impingement surface is influenced by the development of a secondary vortex for larger H/W values. This vortex suppresses the heat transfer at this surface as the cooler jet fluid is redirected over the vortex. A third vortex, adjacent to the confining wall near the jet inlet, was observed for higher Re{sub w} values at H/W = 4.
Re-investigation of the crystal structure of whewellite [Ca(C2O4)·H2O] and the dehydration mechanism of caoxite [Ca(C2O4)·3H2O]

Abstract The crystal structure of whewellite [Ca(C2O4)·H2O] and the dehydration mechanism of caoxite [Ca(C2O4)·3H2O] have been studied by means of differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction (powder and single-crystal) analysis and infrared analysis. The first and second analyses confirmed the direct transformation of caoxite into whewellite without an intermediate weddellite [Ca(C2O4)·2H2O] stage. Infrared spectra obtained from caoxite, weddellite and whewellite emphasize the similarity of the O−H-stretching band and O−C−O-stretching band in whewellite and caoxite and the unique bands of weddellite. The structure refinement at low temperature (123 K) reveals that all the hydrogen atoms of whewellite form hydrogen bonds and the two water molecules prop up the crystal structure by the hydrogen bonds that cause a strong anisotropy of the displacement parameter. Comparing the structural features of whewellite with those of weddellite and caoxite suggests that caoxite and whewellite have a sheet structure consisting of Ca2+ ions and oxalate ions although weddellite does not. It is additionally confirmed that the sheets of caoxite are corrugated by hydrogen bonds but whewellite has flat sheets. The corrugated sheets of caoxite would be flattened by dehydration so the direct transformation of caoxite into whewellite would not occur via weddellite. Essential for this transformation is the dehydration of interlayered water molecules in caoxite leading to the building of the crystal structure of whewellite on its intralayered water molecules. The difference in conformation of water molecules between those two crystal structures may explain the more common occurrence of whewellite than of caoxite in nature.
Onset of unsteady horizontal convection in rectangle tank at $Pr=1$

The horizontal convection within a rectangle tank is numerically simulated. The flow is found to be unsteady at high Rayleigh numbers. There is a Hopf bifurcation of $Ra$ from steady solutions to periodic solutions, and the critical Rayleigh number $Ra_c$ is obtained as $Ra_c=5.5377\times 10^8$ for the middle plume forcing at $Pr=1$, which is much larger than the formerly obtained value. Besides, the unstable perturbations are always generated from the central jet, which implies that the onset of instability is due to velocity shear (shear instability) other than thermally dynamics (thermal instability). Finally, Paparella and Young's [J. Fluid Mech. 466 (2002) 205] first hypotheses about the destabilization of the flow is numerically proved, i.e. the middle plume forcing can lead to a destabilization of the flow.
Algae as surrogate indices for the removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts by direct filtration

To evaluate the appropriateness of using algae as surrogate indices for the removal of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in conventional water treatment by rapid sand filtration, investigations on algal removal at eight water treatment plants and laboratory experiments using three species of algae and C. parvum oocysts were conducted. From the 5 years data collected from eight water treatment plants, the algal removal showed 0.63 - 1.83 log in coagulation and 1.66 ∼ 4.17 log in sand filtration including coagulation. In jar tests, zeta potentials of flocs at an ALT ratio of 0.05 were -8.5 mV, -8.5 mV, -7.0 mV and -10.5 mV, and the removal rates at pH 7 were 2.05 log, 1.15 log, 1.51 log and 1.49 log for Microcystis viridis, Microcystis aeruginosa, Selenastrum capricornutum and C. parvum oocysts, respectively. In direct filtration tests, the removal rates of algae and C. parvum oocysts, except for M. aeruginosa, were around 3-log during the filtration time of 15-45 minutes when the best removal occurred. S. capricornutum, out of the three species of algae, showed almost the same coagulation characteristics as C. parvum oocysts and also behaved in a filtration pattern similar to C. parvum. From these results, algae were considered useful surrogate indices for the removal of C. parvum oocysts, and S. capricornutum was thought to be an appropriate one in rapid sand filtration.
Contemporaneous Relationship between Trading Volume and Stock Returns Volatility : Evidence from Nepalese Stock Market

This paper examines the contemporaneous relation between trading volume and stock returns volatility for Nepalese stock market using monthly data for the period 2005 mid-July to 2017 mid-April. The study uses ordinary least square method and analyzes whether rising price leads to higher volume or vice versa. The study also investigates the association between trading volume and stock returns volatility based on monthly data of NEPSE index and examines the effects of trading volume on stock returns volatility using GARCH (1, 1) model. The study finds positive contemporaneous relationship between trading volume and stock return volatility. The study result indicates that the relationship between trading volume and return volatility is asymmetric. The findings strongly support the hypothesis that higher trading volume is associated with an increase in stock return volatility, but offers little support to the sequential arrival hypothesis and the mixture of distribution hypothesis. Finally, the findings support the weak-form efficient market hypothesis in Nepalese stock market.
Trapanins A and B, oligomeric hydrolyzable tannins from Trapa japonica Flerov.

Trapanin A (6), a trimeric hydrolyzable tannin, and trapanin B (7), a tetrameric hydrolyzable tannin, were isolated from the leaves of Trapa japonica (Trapaceae), and their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical data. The following tannins were also isolated from the leaves : cornusiin C (8) (trimer); cornusiin A (3), camptothin B (4) and cornusiin D (5) (dimer); gemin D (1), tellimagrandin I (2), pedunculagin, casuarictin and casuarinin (monomer).
Arc and spark spectra of ruthenium

The direct-current arc and high-voltage spark spectra of ruth enium have been investigated for the purpose of compiling a comprehensive linc-list for forthcom in g t erm analyses of these spectra. These spectra were observed photographically with 30000, 15000 and 7,500 lines-pcr-in ch concave gratings in a vVadsworth m ountin g. Wavelengths 'and' estimated r elative intensities are presented for 6,000 lines in the spectra Ru I Ru II and Ru III in the wavelcngth range 2005.69 t o 11483.91 A. This list is compar~d with line l ists reported by other investigators.
Family environment and polygenic risk in the bipolar high‐risk context

Abstract Background The interaction of polygenic risk (PRS) and environmental effects on development of bipolar disorder (BD) is understudied, as are high‐risk offspring perceptions of their family environment (FE). We tested the association of offspring‐perceived FE in interaction with BD‐PRS on liability for BD in offspring at high or low familial risk for BD. Methods Offspring of a parent with BD (oBD; n = 266) or no psychiatric disorders (n = 174), aged 12–21 at recruitment, participated in the US and Australia. Empirically‐derived profiles of FE classified offspring by their perceived levels of familial cohesion, flexibility, and conflict. Offspring BD‐PRS were derived from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium BD‐GWAS. Lifetime DSM‐IV bipolar disorders were derived from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School‐Aged Children. We used a novel stepwise approach for latent class modeling with predictors and distal outcomes. Results Fifty‐two offspring were diagnosed with BD. For those with well‐functioning FE (two‐thirds of the sample), higher BD‐PRS tracked positively with liability for BD. However, for those with high‐conflict FEs, the relationship between BD‐PRS and liability to BD was negative, with highest risk for BD observed with lower BD‐PRS. In exploratory analyses, European‐ancestry offspring with BD had elevated history of suicidal ideation in high‐conflict FE compared to well‐functioning‐FE, and of suicide attempt with low‐BD‐PRS and high‐conflict FE. Conclusions The data suggest that the relationship of BD‐PRS and offspring liability for BD differed between well‐functioning versus high‐conflict FE, potentially in line with a multifactorial liability threshold model and supporting future study of and interventions improving family dynamics.
Multilinguismo e ensino nas fronteiras

The recent appreciation of multilingualism as part of the global agenda has led to a new understanding of the role that language plays in the contexts of education, network economy, technologies and planetary sustainability. In Brazil, such valorization involves the construction and legitimization of linguistic rights, as well as the processes which guarantee the access to these rights, creating, as one of its consequences, the need to approach the Portuguese language in the light of other Brazilian languages, especially in the field of public education. Starting at a brief characterization of the promotion of multilingualism in Brazil, this text proposes a reflection on the necessary repositioning of languages, and of the Portuguese language itself, as a result of this process. It also proposes a reflection on the presence of languages at school based on research carried out by the Observatory of Education at the Border (UNIR / UFSC / IPOL with the support of CAPES / OBEDUC) which demonstrates different types of silencing to which of a number of languages is subjected. Finally, this text discusses possible ways of dealing with multilingualism within the given contexts.
Predicting a hardness measurement using the single-kernel characterization system

The single-kernel characterization system (SKCS) crushes individual kernels and uses algorithms based on the force-deformation profile data to classify wheat samples into soft, hard, or mixed market classes. Those data were utilized to produce a predictive equation for softness equivalent (SE), a direct measure of wheat kernel texture obtained from milling wheat on a modified Brabender Quadrumat Jr. mill and sieving system. Predicted SE values had a high correlation (r 2 = 0.996) with actual SE milling values. In contrast to SKCS hardness index values, predicted SE values accurately responded to varying kernel moisture content and kernel size, within the ranges examined. Therefore, using the SKCS data to predict an independent measure of kernel texture (e.g., SE) may be a valuable augmentation to or replacement for using SKCS algorithms to classify wheat.
Pengantar Analisis Kebijakan Publik: Edisi Kedua = Public Policy Analysis: An Introduction Second Edition

Analisis kebijakan publik adalah suatu disiplin ilmu sosial terapan yang memanfaatkan berbagai metode dan teknik untuk menghasilkan informasi yang relevan dengan kebijakan. Analisis seperti ini sangat diperlukan dalam praktik pengambilan keputusan di sektor publik, dan karenanya dibutuhkan oleh para politisi, konsultan, dan pengambil keputusan di pemerintahan. Seiring dengan bertambah kompleksnya masalah yang dihadapi masyarakat, kebutuhan akan analisis kebijakan dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan publik pun semakin meningkat. Analisis kebijakan sebagai bidang studi dipelajari di berbagai pendidikan seperti Jurusan Ilmu Politik, Administrasi Publik, Manajemen, dan Ekonomi. Pelatihan-pelatihan untuk aparatur pemerintah acapkali juga memasukkan materi analisis kebijakan . Buku ini bersifat pragmatis, kritis, dan multidisiplin dari analisis kebijakan secara menonjol ditampilkan dalam buku ditulis dengan sistematika yang sangat rapi, serta sarat dengan gambar dan contoh, sehingga memudahkan pembaca untuk memahaminya. William N. Dunn adalah profesor dalam bidang Analisis Kebijakan di University of Pittsburgh Amerika Serikat yang telah dikenal luas kepakarannya dalam bidang ini. Karena itu buku karyanya menjadi referensi penting dalam pengajaran analisis kebijakan di banyak universitas di dunia.