Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of the addition of
 Lactobacillus casei
 and oligofructose on the quality parameters of orange juice and hibiscus tea mixed beverage

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of Lactobacillus casei and/or oligofructose on the quality parameters of orange juice and hibiscus tea mixed beverage during refrigerated storage. The addition of the probiotic culture improved the nutritional value and the stability of the rheological parameters during storage. However, it increased the turbidity and altered the color, but with no impact on the sensory acceptance. The synbiotic product had the improved characteristics provided by the probiotic culture, but also maintenance of the color and turbidity parameters. The beverages had probiotic counts higher than 10⁷ CFU/ml and oligofructose content from 1.24 to 1.67 g 100 ml⁻¹. This study proved that is possible to obtain an orange juice and hibiscus tea mixed beverage with improved nutritional properties with the addition of L. casei in the lyophilized form and oligofructose. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this research work, the authors demonstrated that it is possible to develop a synbiotic mixed beverage using orange juice and hibiscus tea, which presented a suitable chemical composition, physicochemical characteristics, rheological properties, probiotic viability, and sensory acceptance. This study is important for the beverage industry, which is interested in the development of functional new products and proved that is possible to add directly the probiotic in the lyophilized form to the mixed beverages, dispensing the propagation step and resulting in a time‐consuming processing.
Predisposing factors of sheep lameness

Η χωλότητα, που σχeτίζeται μe διάφορeς παθήσeις των άκρων, αποτeλeί ένα από τα σημαντικότeρα προβλήματα που αντιμeτωπίζeι η προβατοτροφία διeθνώς. Η eμφάνιση χωλότητας στο ποίμνιο συνδέeται όχι μόνο μe τη μeίωση των αποδόσeων, αλλά και μe την υποβάθμιση του eπιπέδου eυζωίας των ζώων. Η eπίδραση της χωλότητας στην παραγωγικότητα eίναι πολύπλeυρη, οι σχeτικές μeλέτeς, όμως, eίναι λίγeς και αφορούν σe κρeοπαραγωγές και eριοπαραγωγές φυλές προβάτων. Αδιeυκρίνιστη παραμένeι η σημασία της χωλότητας στην παραγωγικότητα των γαλακτοπαραγωγών φυλών προβάτων. Τα αίτια των χωλοτήτων eίναι πολλά. Συχνότeρα συνδέονται μe προβλήματα που eντοπίζονται στο κατώτeρο τμήμα των άκρων και ιδιαίτeρα στις χηλές και σπανιότeρα μe διαταραχές του νeυρικού συστήματος ή άλλeς παθήσeις. Μe eξαίρeση τις συστηματικές νόσους, ουσιαστικό ρόλο στην eπιδημιολογία της χωλότητας παίζουν διάφοροι προδιαθέτοντeς παράγοντeς. Οι παράγοντeς αυτοί χωρίζονται σ e δυο κατηγορίeς: α) στους γeνeτικούς, που καθορίζουν σe ατομικό κυρίως eπίπeδο την eμφάνιση χωλοτήτων και β) στους πeριβαλλοντικούς, που διαμορφώνουν τον eπιπολασμό τους σe eπίπeδο ποιμνίου. Η κατάλληλη eπιλογή γeνeτικού υλικού και η eφαρμογή eνός ολοκληρωμένου προγράμματος διαχeίρισης μπορούν να συμβάλουν σημαντικά στον πeριορισμό των παραγόντων αυτών. Η διατροφή αποτeλeί βασικό παράγοντα που μπορeί να eπηρeάσeι την υγeία του άκρου ποδός. Έλλeιψη των θρeπτικών ουσιών που συμμeτέχουν στη διαδικασία της κeρατινοποίησης της χηλής προδιαθέτeι σe χωλότητα. Το ίδιο συμβαίνeι όταν οι συνθήκeς σταβλισμοΰ δeν eξασφαλίζουν ένα κατάλληλο μικροπeριβάλλον στο προβατοστάσιο. Ιδιαίτeρα η υγρασία αποτeλeί έναν από τους σημαντικότeρους προδιαθέτοντeς παράγοντeς για την eμφάνιση αλλοιώσeων στις χηλές. Σe eντατικά eκτρeφόμeνα ποίμνια, όπου τα ζώα παραμένουν διαρκώς σταβλισμένα και βαδίζουν στο μαλακό (eξαιτίας της στρωμνής) δάπeδο, η μη φυσιολογική φθορά των χηλών μπορeί να προδιαθέσeι σe χωλότητα. Η υπeρανάπτυξη και η συνeχής έκθeση των χηλών στο υγeιονομικά eπιβαρυμένο δάπeδο του στάβλου καθιστούν απαραίτητη την πeριποίηση τους μe την eφαρμογή της ποδοκομίας και των ποδόλουτρων. Παράλληλα, η λήψη των απαραίτητων υγeιονομικών μέτρων κατά την eισαγωγή ζώων στην eκτροφή ή κατά την eμφάνιση λοιμωδών νοσημάτων που προσβάλλουν τις χηλές (π.χ. λοιμώδης ποδοδeρματίτιδα), eίναι eπιβeβλημένη. Η eφαρμογή από τον κτηνοτρόφο προληπτικών διαχeιριστικών μέτρων προϋποθέτeι την κατανόηση του προβλήματος και της σπουδαιότητας του. Προς την κατeύθυνση αυτή, σημαντική eίναι η συμβολή του υπeυθύνου κτηνιάτρου της eκτροφής. Ο τeλeυταίος δeν πρέπeι να eίναι eπιφορτισμένος μόνο μe τη διάγνωση και τη θeραπeία της χωλότητας, αλλά κυρίως μe την eνημέρωση του κτηνοτρόφου σχeτικά μe το πρόβλημα και την eπιδημιολογία του.
Conceptualization of cervical cancer and screening experiences among Zambian women attending a cervical screening program

Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with approximately 85% of the disease burden occurring in underdeveloped countries. To date, few systematic efforts have been undertaken to document African women’s representations of ICC and their influence on screening behaviors. In this study, qualitative methods were used to elicit women’s causal representations of ICC, associated physical signs and symptoms, perceived physical and psychological effects, and social norms regarding the disease. A total of 60 women eligible for screening took part in focus group discussions and in-depth interviews between September, 2009-July, 2010. Common perceived symptoms of ICC included prolonged bleeding, stomach pain, and weakness. The lay model of illness causation portrayed by Zambian women departed from causal models of ICC described in other parts of the world. Causal conceptualizations included both lay and biomedical elements, suggesting a possible shift from a purely traditional causal model to one which incorporates both traditional and biomedical concepts. Women largely equated ICC with death so few women appeared to understand the concept of precancerous cervical lesions. ICC was perceived to be a highly stigmatized disease in Zambia because of its anatomic location, dire natural course, connections to socially-condemned behaviors, and association with HIV/AIDS. No substantive differences of disease conceptualization existed according to HIV serostatus, though HIV positive women acknowledged that their disease status makes them more aware of their health and more likely to seek medical attention.
Bio- Social Determinants Of Birth Weight In Rural Urban Nagpur

Research Questions: What are the bio â€“ social determinants of birth weight of babies born in an urban- rural area? Objectives: 1. To study the biosocial determinants of birth weight 2. To determine which of the these affects birth weight. Design : Cross- sectional study. Setting : General hospital in Nagpur Participants: Mothers and their babies who were delivered in hospital. Study Variables : Motherâ€™s age, parity, inter- pregnancy interval, socio-economic status, literacy status, antenatal care. Outcome Variable: Birth weight of the Infant. Statistical Analysis: Chi square test. Results: The proportion of low birth weight babies was high in teenage mothers(41.9%) and those over the age of 30 years. Primi and grand multiparity were associated with higher prevalence of low birth weight babies (43.2% & 43.9% respectively). Interpregnancy interval of less than one and a half years had a high prevalence of LBW babies (44.7%) but an interval of 5 years was also a risk as there were other associated risk factors like secondary sterility, tuberculosis etc. Low socio-economic status and low literacy levels were associated with significant proportion of LBW babies. Those mothers who had received adequate antenatal care gave birth to a significantly lower proportion of LBW babies than those who has not received antenatal care. Conclusion: Birthweight is determined by biosocial factors which are recognisable and some of which can be controlled.
Influence of meta-extended rigid-core, complementary hydrogen bonding and flexible chain on polymorphism in Schiff-base liquid crystals: (4)MeOBD(3)AmBA:nOBAs

ABSTRACT Schiff-base complementary hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals (HBLC), viz., (4)MeOBD(3)AmBA:nOBAs with flexible chain length for n = 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 and 12 are reported. 1H; 13C-NMR and Infra-Red spectroscopy used to confirm the formation of HBLCs. LC phases and transition temperatures (Tc) determined by polarised optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Tc and enthalpy (∆H) determined by DSC also. Odd-Even effect observed at clearing and melting transitions. Influence of Schiff base and Oxygen as bridging atom promote smectic phase abundance. HBLCs exhibit tetra- or penta-phase variance. Maximum (penta) phase variance is exhibited by n = 8 and 12 with long flexible chain. Prevalent abundance of quasi-two-dimensional (2D) LC phases of SmF and SmI is observed. Nematic phase is quenched. Lower (n = 4) and intermediate (n = 6) members exhibited SmBcryst phase. Predominant occurrence of enantiotropic LC phases is noticed. All members exhibited 3D tilted SmG phase. A-C transition exhibited by intermediate homologues (for n = 7, 8, 9 and 10) is found to be either second order or with very small enthalpy. Phase diagram reveals the abundance of multi-critical points with LC phasesinvolving exotic symmetries. Influence of meta-extended rigid core, complementary HB and flexibility is studied for the LC phase abundance with characteristic structural order. POM and DSC results are discussed in the wake of reports in other achiral calamitic LCs. GRPAHICAL ABSTRACT
Tobacco Use in Rural Bangladesh: Socio-Demographic Characteristics, Self Rated Health and Diseases

Tobacco smoking, a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), has been recognized as the 2 nd leading cause of death globally. Bangladesh has been ranked among the top tobacco consuming countries in the world where 68 percent of the total mortality reported in 2006 was due to non-communicable diseases NCDs. This paper explores the association of tobacco consumption with socio-demographic factors, self-rated health and non-communicable chronic diseases among the rural population in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross sectional data from "IUB Health and Socio Economic Survey" 2013 was used for this study. A sample of 1512 male and 1569 female aged 18 and above were randomly selected from four districts of Bangladesh. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the association of tobacco consumption with socio-demographic characteristics; self reported chronic diseases and general health. Results: The prevalence of current tobacco use in any form (smoking or chewing tobacco) among adults in rural Bangladesh was 47.4%. Poor self reported general health was found to be a significant predictor of tobacco consumption. Males were 2.13 times more likely to use tobacco than their female counterparts. Tobacco use was significantly associated with older age (OR=3.18, CI= 2.507-4.035), higher education (OR=0.426, CI=0.289-0.628) and Sylhet region (OR=3.707, CI=2.911-4.720). Conclusions: Strategies to reduce tobacco consumption can focus more on older adults as they are at higher risk of developing chronic morbidity, which may be exacerbated by tobacco use. Regional variation and the role of higher education need to be explored further using in-depth qualitative research. The impact of self-rated health on tobacco consumption should be studied as poor self-rated health is in itself an important predictor of mortality.
Effect of the Mode of Admission on the Performance of NCE Biology Students in Osun State College of Education, Ila Orangun

The effect of the mode of admission on the level of performance of students in NCE Biology was investigated in this study. The study made use of seven years records between 1997 and 2004 when students could be admitted through preliminary studies or by direct entry through JAMB if qualified. The results of the students were analyzed according to their respective mode of admission. Data collected were analyzed with t, f, and Chi square tests as applicable. It was observed that student intake continue to increase from year to year with more females admitted than males within the period under study. Students admitted directly into NCE programme performed significantly better than those that pass through pre-NCE. It was also observed that the mean CGPA reduces as student intake increases. It is recommended that pre-NCE students should be made to write JAMB and Post-JAMB examination to qualify.
Emergency Medical Services Providers’ Knowledge, Practices, And Barriers To Stroke Management

Purpose Many strokes are not recognized by emergency medical services (EMS) providers and many providers do not prenotify emergency departments (EDs) of incoming stroke patients. The objectives of this project were to survey EMS providers to (1) assess knowledge of prehospital care related to stroke identification, time window for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) administration, and comprehensive stroke centers in our health system, (2) gain insight from EMS providers regarding barriers to providing prenotification, information they provide for a prenotification, and optimal methods of providing feedback, and (3) provide EMS providers with stroke care and management information. Methods A survey was administered to EMS providers at four hospital EDs. The survey included questions related to knowledge of prehospital stroke care and barriers to providing prenotification. EMS providers were also provided a one-page flyer with information related to prehospital stroke care. Descriptive statistics were used to describe results. Results Of 301 EMS providers surveyed, 96.0% report that they use the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale to identify stroke, and 11.0% correctly identified the time window for IV tPA administration for acute ischemic stroke as within 4.5 hrs from the last known well time. The majority (82.7%) correctly identified the comprehensive stroke center in our health system. Barriers to providing prenotification included short transport time (40.5%), information being lost in dispatch (39.5%), and not having direct communication with ED staff (30.2%). Most reported wanting to receive feedback on the stroke patients they transported (93.7%), and 49.5% reported that the optimal method of providing feedback is via a mobile application. Conclusion Deficits in stroke care knowledge among EMS providers were identified. Short transport time, inability to communicate with ED staff, and information lost in dispatch were cited as barriers to providing prenotification. Most EMS providers desire real-time feedback regarding patients via a mobile application.
ACADEMIC STAFF'S VIEW POINTS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LESSON PLAN

Background and purpose: Lesson plan is considered a vital component of the teacher training and successful teachers are in variably good planners and thinkers. The present study was conducted to survey the academic staff’s views about lesson plan in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2001. Moreover, considering the finding of the study there was an attempt to seek the experts’ views on how to perform lesson plan practically through forming a focus group. Methods: This is a descriptive study indicating the attitudes of 152 academic staff about lesson plan. The data were collected using a questionnaire. The findings of the first stage was followed by forming a focus group in the second stage. Ten authorities and experts in the field were selected. They were interviewed on how to perform lesson plans in Shiraz university of Medical Sciences in three sessions. It was concluded that the main barrier for designing and performing the lesson plan is the academic staff’s lack of awareness about its advantages. Results: Of the population under the study, 30% were females and 70% males. The majority of the academic staff (126 individuals, 85.1%) believes that they need a lesson plan in their field and that the implementation of lesson plan contributes to the improvement of education. 70.9% (1.5) of them believe that lesson plan does not limit the educational process. Some of their coworkers (51.5%) consider lesson plan as necessary and are ready to cooperate in this way. 44.6% of them (42) state that designing a lesson plan somehow conforms to our country’s educational system. The majority of them (75.8%) state that they know the “must learns” but believe that there is no sufficient education about lesson plan. The experts in the focus group presented their recommendations with regard to lesson plan as follows:1- Continual education of the academic staff; 2- Compilations of logbook; 3- Application of those sections with lesson plan; 4- Compulsory regulations for using lesson in university.
A study of Acute Poisoning Cases Excluding Animal Bites at Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad

The present study is a prospective study of poisoning cases (excluding animal bites) brought to the Civil Hospital Ahmadabad, from 1st October 2006 to 30th September 2007. Total 366 cases of acute poisoning were recorded over a period of one year. Of these 70.8% were males and 29.2% female. The majority (45.08%) cases were from age group of 21–30 years. 71.6% cases were from rural area. Commonest type of poison was pesticide in 33.9% cases, followed by household chemicals 26.8%, in 74.6% cases cause of poisoning was intentional. Fatality in pesticide poisoning was 25.8%. Our data supports the other study from India regarding Age and Sex distribution. However, compared to data reported from poison information centre, NIOH, Ahmedabad, Household chemicals were encountered as the 2nd most common cause of poisoning. Of these Acid Ingestion accounted for 55.10% cases of household chemical cases. The prevention and treatment of poisoning due to pesticide and household poisoning should merit high priority and need for identifying unknown substance in the health care of Gujarat population.
Comorbidity and delivery of services

This chapter reviews the evidence for effective service delivery to people with comorbid disorders. It argues that if the burden of comorbidity is to be addressed, it is essential that research on service delivery is conducted and that services are delivered to those with the more common disorders, as well as those with the more affronting yet less common disorders. These disorders have different prevalence rates, treatment responses and require different service delivery responses.We first outline the impact of comorbidity on the course of illness and use of services.
Synthesis of Pyrazolo-Fused 4-Azafluorenones in an Ionic Liquid. Mechanistic Insights by Joint Studies Using DFT Analysis and Mass Spectrometry

A series of pyrazolo-fused 4-azafluorenones (indeno[1,2-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridines, IPP) were synthesized via the three-component reaction between arylaldehydes, 3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine and 1,3-indanedione in an ionic liquid as a catalyst at room temperature. The applied synthetic route has the advantages of easy work-up under mild reaction conditions presenting moderate yields and an environmentally benign procedure. A theoretical study based on conceptual-density functional theory has been done, bond reactivity indices have been calculated and an electrophilic and nucleophilic character of localized orbitals has been determined to analyze the possible electronic mechanisms.
THE ESTIMATION OF RADIATION EFFECTIVE DOSE FROM DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL PROCEDURES IN GENERAL POPULATION OF NORTHERN IRAN

Background/Objective: The risks of low-dose ionizing radiation from radiology and nuclear medicine are not clearly determined. Effective dose to population is a very important factor in risk estimation. The study aimed to determine the effective dose from diagnostic radiation medicine in a northern province of Iran. Materials and Methods: Data about various radiologic and nuclear medicine procedures were collected from all radiology and nuclear medicine departments in Mazandaran Province (population = 2,898,031); and using the standard dosimetry tables, the total dose, dose per examination, and annual effective dose per capita as well as the annual gonadal dose per capita were estimated. Results: 655,730 radiologic examinations in a year’s period, lead to 1.45 mSv, 0.33 mSv and 0.31 mGy as average effective dose per examination, annual average effective dose to member of the public, and annual average gonadal dose per capita, respectively. The frequency of medical radiologic examinations was 2,262 examinations annually per 10,000 members of population. However, the total number of nuclear medicine examinations in the same period was 7074, with 4.37 mSv, 9.6 μSv and 9.8 μGy, as average effective dose per examination, annual average effective dose to member of the public and annual average gonadal dose per caput, respectively. The frequency of nuclear medicine examination was 24 examinations annually per 10,000 members of population. Conclusion: The average effective dose per examination was nearly similar to other studies. However, the average annual effective dose and annual average gonadal dose per capita were less than the similar values in other reports, which could be due to lesser number of radiation medicine examinations in the present study.
Allele and Genotype frequencies of VKORC1 -1639G>A polymorphism in three different ethnic groups in Malaysia

Polymorphisms of the VKORC1 gene have been found to be associated with differences in response to warfarin dose. Little is known about VKORC1 variants in the heterogeneous populations of South East Asia. In Peninsular Malaysia, the majority of the population comprises three ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians. In our study, we determined the allele frequency of VKORC1 -1639>G in these three racial groups. Healthy blood donors and patients on warfarin were recruited and genotyped for VKORC1 (-1639G>A). A total of 452 subjects, including 233 patients receiving warfarin treatment, were recruited. A total of 206 Malays (46%), 147 Chinese (33 %) and 99 Indians (21%) were genotyped. The allele frequency of G is significantly higher in the Indian populations (86%) compared to Malays and Chinese (26.5% and 18.7% respectively), p<0.001. The homozygous GG genotype is only seen in 8% and 4% of the Malays and Chinese, respectively, compared to 78% of the Indians, p<0.0001. This finding suggests that Indians may have different genetic pool from the other 2 ethnic groups whilst Malays share similar genotypes to the Chinese.
Epidemiological study of animal bite victims in Central India: a cross sectional institutional study

Background: Rabies, an invariably fatal viral disease, is transmitted to humans through animal bites, mostly dogs. Of the estimated 25,000 deaths due to rabies in SEAR, a majority are in India and Bangladesh. Objective of the study was to study the epidemiological trend of animal bite by in central India. Methods: A cross sectional institutional study was conducted in 406 animal bite victims presenting to the tertiary care hospital and district hospital Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India. Information collected with the pre tested structured questionnaire after obtaining informed verbal consent. Data pertaining to the socio demographic profile of victim, category of bite, provoked/ unprovoked time and place of bite, characteristic of animal was collected. Data was analysed using graph pad software. Results: Among 406 victims 76.3% were males, 56.7% belongs to 15-45 yrs, 61.6% were living in urban area, 31.3% and 21.7% of the victims were agriculture worker and laborers respectively. 95.8% victims bitten by dog of them 89% were stray, 89.4% had Category III bite, lower extremity was affected in 60.8%, 75.9% bites were unprovoked, fate of the animal was not known in 78.6% and 46% of the victims were affected during evening hours. Conclusions: Animal bites, especially dog bites still poses public health problem. Majority of the bites are attributed to stray dogs, unprovoked and category III bites. This indicates need of large amount of antirabies serum or HRIG thereby increasing the cost of management of animal bite cases. There is a need to control stray dog population and immunize pet dogs.