Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GABAA signaling, focal epileptiform synchronization and epileptogenesis

Under physiological conditions, neuronal network synchronization leads to different oscillatory EEG patterns that are associated with specific behavioral and cognitive functions. Excessive synchronization can, however, lead to focal or generalized epileptiform activities. It is indeed well established that in both epileptic patients and animal models, focal epileptiform EEG patterns are characterized by interictal and ictal (seizure) discharges. Over the last three decades, employing in vitro and in vivo recording techniques, several experimental studies have firmly identified a paradoxical role of GABAA signaling in generating interictal discharges, and in initiating—and perhaps sustaining—focal seizures. Here, we will review these experiments and we will extend our appraisal to evidence suggesting that GABAA signaling may also contribute to epileptogenesis, i.e., the development of plastic changes in brain excitability that leads to the chronic epileptic condition. Overall, we anticipate that this information should provide the rationale for developing new specific pharmacological treatments for patients presenting with focal epileptic disorders such as mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).
A cross-cultural analysis on the Interpersonal meaning of attitude resources in Chinese and English online consumer reviews

Online consumer reviews benefit not only buyers but also sellers in the virtual market place. For consumers, they can realize their attitudes to products through the various lexical attitudinal resources indicating emotion and judgment, and for sellers they act as a form of customer feedback which can enhance the relationship between buyers and sellers. In that sense they improve the operation of the market price mechanism. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Interpersonal meanings realized through the attitude resources drawn upon by English and Chinese online consumers. Based on the Appraisal System, especially the Attitude System in Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), this study conducts a contrastive analysis of the attitudinal resources employed by consumers in Amazon UK and Amazon China. These features are analyzed by using the UAM CorpusTool to annotate the relevant resources, with similarities and differences in the general distribution of attitudinal resources identified, and any potential underlying reasons explained. The results of this study suggest that different features and distribution of attitudinal resources are employed in English and Chinese online consumer reviews, and that more attitudinal units are involved in English online consumer reviews than in the Chinese versions. Consumers from the United Kingdom also seem to use more affect resources than Chinese consumers in their online reviews, while Chinese consumers employ slightly more judgment resources and more appreciation resources. Possible factors that may cause such differences are examined in terms of the differing contexts of cultures.
A predictive nomogram for intradiscal cement leakage in percutaneous kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures combined with intravertebral cleft

Background For patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) treated with percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP), the occurrence and risk factors of intradiscal cement leakage should be characteristic of the presence of intravertebral cleft (IVC). This study aimed to identify risk factors for intradiscal leakage in individuals with OVCFs combined with IVC treated with PKP and build a powered and well-calibrated predictive nomogram. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent PKP at our center between January 2016 and May 2021. Patients diagnosed with OVCFs combined with IVC were identified, and the incidence of different types of bone cement leakage was recorded. Risk factors for intradiscal leakage among the demographic, perioperative baseline, and radiologic data were identified, following which a nomogram was developed and verified. Results A total of 109 eligible patients were included, and the intradiscal leakage rate was 32.1%. Compression rate (odds ratio [OR] 0.025; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.002–0.264; P = 0.002) and cemented vertebral body fraction (OR 44.122; 95% CI 2.790–697.740; P = 0.007) were identified as independent risk factors. A predictive nomogram with good predictive power (C-statistic = 0.786) and fitness of data (Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, P = 0.092) was established to build a quantitative relationship between the risk factors and intradiscal leakage. Conclusion The incidence rate of intradiscal leakage in PKP for OVCFs combined with IVC was 32.1%. Compression rate and cemented vertebral body fraction were identified as independent risk factors. A powered and well-calibrated nomogram was established to accurately predict the probability of intradiscal leakage. Further prospective and multicenter studies are required to verify and calibrate our findings.
The relationship between Internet addiction and childhood trauma in adolescents: The mediating role of social support

Background Adolescents are at high risk of Internet addiction (IA). Previous studies have shown that the occurrence of IA may be associated with childhood trauma and social support to varying degrees. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of IA in adolescents. Further, to explore the potential mediating role of social support in childhood trauma and IA. This study provides theoretical support for future interventions targeting IA in adolescents. Methods This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) were used to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey among randomly selected adolescents aged less than 18 years old in two cities in southern Anhui Province. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used to test the correlation between IA and other variables. A binary logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of IA. Multiple regression models were examined with process macro and bootstrapping to confirm significant mediating effects. Results A total of 844 adolescents, equally divided between males and females, participated in this study, and the prevalence of IA in the region was 23.0%. Through the mediation test, the direct effect of childhood trauma on IA was 0.20 (95% CI [0.12, 0.27], p < 0.001), and the mediating effect of social support on childhood trauma and IA was 0.09 (95% CI [0.06, 0.14]). Conclusion The study showed that childhood trauma significantly affected the incidence of IA in adolescents. Social support had a significant mediating effect on childhood trauma and IA and attenuated its negative effects.
Dose–response relationship between Chinese visceral adiposity index and type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged and elderly Chinese

Introduction China has the largest population of diabetic patients (about 116 million) in the world. As a novel model of the fat index for Chinese people, the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) was considered a reliable indicator to assess the dysfunction of visceral fat. This study aimed to explore the dose–response relationship between CVAI and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Chinese population, considering CVAI as a continuous/categorical variable. Method Baseline and follow-up data were collected from waves 2011 and 2015, respectively, of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between CVAI and T2DM. We built three models to adjust the possible effect of 10 factors (age, gender, education level, location, marital status, smoking status, drinking status, sleep time, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)) on the outcome. The restricted cubic splines were used to examine possible non-linear associations and visualize the dose–response relationship between CVAI and T2DM. Results A total of 5,014 participants were included, with 602 (12.00%) T2DM patients. The last CVAI quartile group (Q4) presented the highest risk of T2DM (OR, 2.17, 95% CI, 1.67–2.83), after adjusting for all covariates. There was a non-linear (U-shaped) relationship between the CVAI and the risk of T2DM (p for non-linear <0.001) in the restricted cubic spline regression model. CVAI was a risk factor of T2DM when it exceeded 92.49; every interquartile range (IQR) increment in the CVAI was associated with a 57% higher risk of developing T2DM (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.36–1.83) after adjusting for potential confounders. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) (95% confidence interval) for CVAI was 0.623, and the optimal cutoff point was 111.2. There was a significant interaction between CVAI and gender by stratified analysis. Conclusion CVAI was closely associated with the risk of T2DM and might possibly be a potential marker in predicting T2DM development. The outcome suggested that it might be better to maintain CVAI within an appropriate range.
Preferential consolidation of emotional reactivity during sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Many studies have investigated whether sleep affects cognitively unmodulated reactivity to emotional stimuli. These studies operationalize emotion regulation by using subjective and/or objective measures to compare pre- and post-sleep reactivity to the same emotional stimuli. Findings have been inconsistent: some show that sleep attenuates emotional reactivity, whereas others report enhanced or maintained reactivity. Across-study methodological differences may account for discrepant findings. To resolve the questions of whether sleep leads to the attenuation, enhancement, or maintenance of emotional reactivity, and under which experimental conditions particular effects are observed, we undertook a synthesized narrative and meta-analytic approach. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles, using search terms determined a priori and search limits of language = English, participants = human, and dates = January 2006–June 2021. Our final sample included 24 studies that investigated changes in emotional reactivity in response to negatively and/or positively valenced material compared to neutral material over a period of sleep compared to a matched period of waking. Primary analyses used random effects modeling to investigate whether sleep preferentially modulates reactivity in response to emotional stimuli; secondary analyses examined potential moderators of the effect. Results showed that sleep (or equivalent periods of wakefulness) did not significantly affect psychophysiological measures of reactivity to negative or neutral stimuli. However, self-reported arousal ratings of negative stimuli were significantly increased post-sleep but not post-waking. Sub-group analyses indicated that (a) sleep-deprived participants, compared to those who slept or who experienced daytime waking, reacted more strongly and negatively in response to positive stimuli; (b) nap-exposed participants, compared to those who remained awake or who slept a full night, rated negative pictures less negatively; and (c) participants who did not obtain substantial REM sleep, compared to those who did and those exposed to waking conditions, had attenuated reactivity to neutral stimuli. We conclude that sleep may affect emotional reactivity, but that studies need more consistency in methodology, commitment to collecting both psychophysiological and self-report measures, and should report REM sleep parameters. Using these methodological principles would promote a better understanding of under which conditions particular effects are observed.
Role of CD40(L)-TRAF signaling in inflammation and resolution—a double-edged sword

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cardiovascular risk factors are the leading cause of death in the world today. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study, hypertension together with ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases is responsible for approximately 40% of all deaths worldwide. The major pathomechanism underlying almost all CVD is atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disorder of the vascular system. Recent large-scale clinical trials demonstrated that inflammation itself is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Specific anti-inflammatory therapy could decrease cardiovascular mortality in patients with atherosclerosis (increased markers of inflammation). Inflammation, however, can also be beneficial by conferring so-called resolution, a process that contributes to clearing damaged tissue from cell debris upon cell death and thereby represents an essential step for recovery from, e.g., ischemia/reperfusion damage. Based on these considerations, the present review highlights features of the detrimental inflammatory reactions as well as of the beneficial process of immune cell-triggered resolution. In this context, we discuss the polarization of macrophages to either M1 or M2 phenotype and critically assess the role of the CD40L-CD40-TRAF signaling cascade in atherosclerosis and its potential link to resolution. As CD40L can bind to different cellular receptors, it can initiate a broad range of inflammatory processes that may be detrimental or beneficial. Likewise, the signaling of CD40L downstream of CD40 is mainly determined by activation of TRAF1-6 pathways that again can be detrimental or beneficial. Accordingly, CD40(L)-based therapies may be Janus-faced and require sophisticated fine-tuning in order to promote cardioprotection.
A transfer learning approach based on gradient boosting machine for diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease

Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) during the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) stage could enable effective intervention to slow down disease progression. Computer-aided diagnosis of AD relies on a sufficient amount of biomarker data. When this requirement is not fulfilled, transfer learning can be used to transfer knowledge from a source domain with more amount of labeled data than available in the desired target domain. In this study, an instance-based transfer learning framework is presented based on the gradient boosting machine (GBM). In GBM, a sequence of base learners is built, and each learner focuses on the errors (residuals) of the previous learner. In our transfer learning version of GBM (TrGB), a weighting mechanism based on the residuals of the base learners is defined for the source instances. Consequently, instances with different distribution than the target data will have a lower impact on the target learner. The proposed weighting scheme aims to transfer as much information as possible from the source domain while avoiding negative transfer. The target data in this study was obtained from the Mount Sinai dataset which is collected and processed in a collaborative 5-year project at the Mount Sinai Medical Center. The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset was used as the source domain. The experimental results showed that the proposed TrGB algorithm could improve the classification accuracy by 1.5 and 4.5% for CN vs. MCI and multiclass classification, respectively, as compared to the conventional methods. Also, using the TrGB model and transferred knowledge from the CN vs. AD classification of the source domain, the average score of early MCI vs. late MCI classification improved by 5%.
PLOD2 high expression associates with immune infiltration and facilitates cancer progression in osteosarcoma

Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumors in children and adolescents. Procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2 (PLOD2) is a key gene in mediating the formation of the stabilized collagen cross-link, playing an important role in the progression of cancer. However, the interaction between OS and PLOD2 has not been clarified so far. Methods The target gene PLOD2 was screened through our own RNA-seq results and other two RNA-seq results from GEO database. The expression of PLOD2 in OS was detected by RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Functional experiments were performed to investigate the role of PLOD2 in OS cell invasion, migration and angiogenesis in vitro. An OS lung metastasis model was established to investigate the function of PLOD2 in OS metastasis and angiogenesis in vivo. The role of PLOD2 in immune infiltration in OS was explored by KEGG/GO analysis and immune infiltration analysis with TARGET, TCGA and TIMER. Results PLOD2 was high-expressed in OS, which was related to poor prognosis of OS patients. PLOD2 promoted OS cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro and aggravated OS metastasis and angiogenesis in vivo. Bioinformatic analysis showed that PLOD2 played an important role in immune cell infiltration in OS, including CD8 positive T cells, macrophages M0 cells, DC cells, endothelial cells, iDC cells, ly endothelial cells, MEP cells, mv endothelial cells, native B cells, smooth muscle cells and Th1 cells. Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of CD4 and CD8A was negatively correlated with the expression of PLOD2 in OS. Conclusion PLOD2 was high-expressed in OS and promoted OS migration, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro and facilitated OS metastasis and angiogenesis in vivo. PLOD2 was associated with immune cell infiltration in OS, which could be a promising target to treat OS patients with metastasis and utilized to guide clinical immunotherapy in the future.
Study on Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics Made From Cotton/ Polyester Core Spun Yarns. Part II: Moisture Management Properties

Moisture management is one of the essential properties required for knitted fabrics. Generally, the moisture management fabrics regulate the heat and moisture by maintaining the body temperature and keep the wearer cool and comfortable. Cotton fibres are known for their excellent properties in clothing to be worn in a normal situation by managing a limited quantity of sweat. During any sports activity, the human body dissipates a greater amount of sweat for an extended period of time and cotton fibre blended with polyester is generally recommended for its low moisture absorption and durability. In recent years, polyester fibres are most widely used for sportswear applications due to their better moisture transmission properties. This study mainly focuses on the influence of core-sheath ratio, twist and loop length on the moisture management properties of the knitted fabrics made from cotton/polyester core-spun yarns.
OBSERVATIONS OF ENERGETIC PARTICLES BETWEEN A PAIR OF COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS

We report observations of the acceleration and trapping of energetic ions and electrons between a pair of corotating interaction regions (CIRs). The event occurred in Carrington Rotation 2060. Observed by the STEREO-B spacecraft, the two CIRs were separated by less than 5 days. In contrast to other CIR events, the fluxes of the energetic ions and electrons in this event reached their maxima between the trailing edge of the first CIR and the leading edge of the second CIR. The radial magnetic field (Br) reversed its sense and the anisotropy of the flux also changed from Sunward to anti-Sunward between the two CIRs. Furthermore, there was an extended period of counterstreaming suprathermal electrons between the two CIRs. Similar observations for this event were also obtained with the Advanced Composition Explorer and STEREO-A. We conjecture that these observations were due to a U-shaped, large-scale magnetic field topology connecting the reverse shock of the first CIR and the forward shock of the second CIR. Such a disconnected U-shaped magnetic field topology may have formed due to magnetic reconnection in the upper corona.
STEADY-STATE PLANET MIGRATION BY THE KOZAI–LIDOV MECHANISM IN STELLAR BINARIES

We study the steady-state orbital distributions of giant planets migrating through the combination of the Kozai–Lidov (KL) mechanism due to a stellar companion and friction due to tides raised on the planet by the host star. We run a large set of Monte Carlo simulations that describe the secular evolution of a star–planet–star triple system including the effects from general relativistic precession, stellar and planetary spin evolution, and tides. Our simulations show that KL migration produces Hot Jupiters (HJs) with semi-major axes that are generally smaller than in the observations and they can only explain the observations if the following are both true: (1) tidal dissipation at high eccentricities is at least ∼150 times more efficient than the upper limit inferred from the Jupiter-Io interaction; (2) highly eccentric planets get tidally disrupted at distances ≳ 0.015 AU. Based on the occurrence rate and semi-major axis distribution of HJs, we find that KL migration in stellar binaries can produce at most ∼20% of the observed HJs. Almost no intermediate-period (semi-major axis ∼0.1 –2 AU) planets are formed by this mechanism—migrating planets spend most of their lifetimes undergoing KL oscillations at large orbital separations (>2 AU) or as HJs.
CORRELATION BETWEEN GALAXY MERGERS AND LUMINOUS ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

It is not yet clear what triggers the activity of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), but galaxy merging has been suspected to be one of the main mechanisms fueling the activity. Using deep optical images taken at various ground-based telescopes, we investigate the fraction of galaxy mergers in 39 luminous AGNs (MR ≲ −22.6 mag) at z ≤ 0.3 (a median redshift of 0.155), for which the host galaxies are generally considered as early-type galaxies. Through visual inspection of the images, we find that 17 of 39 AGN host galaxies (43.6%) show evidence for current or past mergers like tidal tails, shells, and disturbed morphology. In order to see if this fraction is abnormally high, we also examined the merging fraction of normal early-type galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82 data (a median redshift of 0.04), of which the surface-brightness limit is comparable to our imaging data. To correct for the effects related to the redshift difference of the two samples, we performed an image simulation by putting a bright point source as an artificial AGN in the images of SDSS early-type galaxies and placing them onto the redshifts of AGNs. The merging fraction in this realistic sample of simulated AGNs is only ∼5–15% (1/4 to 1/8 of that of real AGNs). Our result strongly suggests that luminous AGN activity is associated with galaxy merging.
SILICA-RICH BRIGHT DEBRIS DISK AROUND HD 15407A

We report an intriguing debris disk toward the F3V star HD 15407A in which an extremely large amount of warm fine dust (∼10−7M⊕) is detected. The dust temperature is derived as ∼500–600 K and the location of the debris dust is estimated as 0.6–1.0 AU from the central star, a terrestrial planet region. The fractional luminosity of the debris disk is ∼0.005, which is much larger than those predicted by steady-state models of the debris disk produced by planetesimal collisions. The mid-infrared spectrum obtained by Spitzer indicates the presence of abundant μm-sized silica dust, suggesting that the dust comes from the surface layer of differentiated large rocky bodies and might be trapped around the star.