Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes of rhabdomyolysis & validation of McMahon Score for risk prediction

Background & objectives: Rhabdomyolysis in tropics has a unique aetiology and clinical profile. The objective of this study was to determine the aetiology and clinical outcomes of rhabdomyolysis and validate the McMahon risk prediction score in affected individuals from south India. Methods: A retrospective study of affected individuals with rhabdomyolysis admitted to a tertiary care hospital in south India, between January 2015 and June 2020, was undertaken. In-patients who were ≥15 yr in age and had creatinine phosphokinase ≥5000 U/l were included in the study. Cardiac, stroke, chronic muscular diseases and chronic kidney disease on maintenance haemodialysis were excluded. The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in this group was calculated. Other clinical outcomes determined were 28-day mortality, proportion of individuals who required renal replacement therapy (RRT), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, vasopressors, mechanical ventilation (MV), number of days on mechanical ventilator and length of stay in ICU and hospital. Validation of McMahon risk prediction score for the requirement of RRT and mortality was performed. Results: Major aetiologies identified in the 75 study participants included were infections, trauma and seizures. Twenty eight-day mortality was 24 per cent (n=18). AKI incidence was 68 per cent, out of which 43.1 per cent had RRT. AKI in all survivors became dialysis independent. Vasopressors, MV and ICU requirement were 30.7, 32 and 77.3 per cent, respectively. Receiver operator characteristic curve for RRT and mortality risk prediction based on the McMahon Score showed a sensitivity of 71.4 per cent and specificity of 77.8 per cent for a cut-off ≥7.8. Interpretation & conclusions: Rhabdomyolysis in tropics is associated with significant organ dysfunction and mortality. Although the incidence of AKI and RRT is high, the overall renal outcome is good among survivors. The wide confidence intervals for the area under curve for McMahon Score limit its predictability for RRT and mortality.
The effects of temporary intraocular pressure spikes after intravitreal dexamethasone implantation on the retinal nerve fiber layer

Background and objective: The dexamethasone (DEX) implant is known to cause temporary intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes after implantation. The purpose of this study is to determine if IOP spikes after DEX implant cause significant thinning in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Study design, patients, and methods: A total of 306 charts were reviewed with 48 and 21 patients meeting inclusion criteria for the cross-sectional and prospective groups, respectively. Cross-sectional inclusion criteria: IOP spike ≥22 mmHg up to 16 weeks after DEX implant, DEX implant in only 1 eye per patient, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) RNFL imaging of both eyes ≥3 months after IOP spike. Prospective inclusion criteria: OCT RNFL performed within 1 year prior to DEX implantation, IOP spike ≥22 mmHg up to 16 weeks after DEX implant, and OCT RNFL performed ≥3 months after IOP spike. The average RNFL thickness in the contralateral eye was used as the control in the cross-sectional group. Institutional review board approval was obtained. Results: In the cross-sectional group, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean RNFL thicknesses in the treated vs untreated eyes (80.4±15.5 μm and 82.6±15.8 μm, respectively; P=0.33) regardless of treatment diagnosis, magnitude of IOP spike, or history of glaucoma. In the prospective group, mean RNFL thicknesses before and after IOP spikes ≥22 mmHg were similar (78.0±14.8 μm and 75.6±13.6 μm, respectively; P=0.13). Conclusion and relevance: Temporary elevation of IOP after DEX implantation when treated with topical IOP lowering drops does not appear to lead to a meaningful change in RNFL thickness.
Half of all hip and knee arthroplasty patients may be potential day-case candidates: a nationwide register study of 166,730 procedures

Background and purpose The overall potential pool of day-case candidates on a national level in hip and knee arthroplasty is unknown. We aimed to estimate the proportion of hip and knee arthroplasty patients eligible for day-case surgery based on contemporary widely used criteria and determine whether there has been a change in the proportion of eligible patients over time and, secondarily, to investigate the proportion of eligible patients discharged on the day of surgery. Methods Based on data from the Danish National Patient Register, we identified all patients undergoing primary unilateral hip or knee arthroplasty from January 2010 to March 2020. Using a modification of day-case eligibility criteria proposed by a national multicenter collaboration, we sorted patients into either day-case eligible or ineligible. A day-case procedure was defined as discharge on the day of surgery. Results We included patients comprising a total of 166,730 primary total hip (THA), total knee (TKA), and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). 48% (95% confidence interval [CI] 48–49) were eligible for day-case surgery, with a decline from 50% (CI 49–51) in 2010 to 46% (CI 46–47) eligible in 2019. More UKA patients were day-case eligible (55%, CI 54–56) than THA (47%, CI 47–48) and TKA patients (49%, CI 48–49). A maximum of 8.0% (CI 7.4–8.5) of eligible patients were discharged on the day of surgery in 2019. Conclusion 48% of the Danish hip and knee arthroplasty patients were potential day-case candidates, with a small decline in eligibility from 50% in 2010 to 46% in 2019. Day of surgery discharge among day-case eligible patients peaked at 8% in 2019. Thus, the potential for more day-case surgery seems large.
Analyzing Injury Patterns in Climbing: A Comprehensive Study of Risk Factors

Climbing, a sport with increasing popularity, poses diverse risks and injury patterns across its various disciplines. This study evaluates the incidence and nature of climbing-related injuries, focusing on how different disciplines and climbers’ personal characteristics affect these injuries. Data on injury incidence, severity, and consequences, as well as climbers’ personal attributes, were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using generalized linear models and generalized linear mixed models, Cochran–Armitage tests, and multivariate analysis. Our findings indicate a direct correlation between time spent on bouldering and lead climbing and increased injury frequency, while injury incidence decreases with time in traditional climbing. Interestingly, personal characteristics showed no significant impact on injury incidence or severity. However, distinct patterns emerged in individual disciplines regarding the recent injuries in which age and weight of climbers play a role. While the phase of occurrence and duration of consequences show no significant variation across disciplines, the intensity of the required treatment and causes of injury differ. This research provides insights into climbing injuries’ complex nature, highlighting the need for tailored preventive strategies across climbing disciplines. It underscores the necessity for further investigation into the factors contributing to climbing injuries, advocating for more targeted injury prevention and safety measures in this evolving sport.
AN EXPLORATION OF SEGMENT ACCELERATION AND ANGULAR VELOCITY DURING DIFFERENT BALANCE CONDITIONS MEASURES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF STABILITY

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the most sensitive measures to assess postural stability and to detect between leg differences. Methods: Seventeen healthy volunteers participated in this University physiotherapy clinic experiment. Linear segment acceleration and segment angular velocity data were collected using Inertial Measurement Units on the left and right calcanei, shanks, and pelvis. Participants performed a 30s single-leg stance on a firm surface and a balance pad on their dominant and non-dominant leg. A two factor (2x2) repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the two balance surfaces and the leg dominance. Results: Comparing the surfaces, both highest effect size and percentage difference were found in the pelvis angular velocity data. Apart from the anteroposterior linear acceleration of the shank, both effect size and percentage change showed that all average linear acceleration values were less sensitive to detect change between surfaces when compared to the average angular velocity values of the same body segments. Conclusions: The angular velocity appeared to be more sensitive than the acceleration when differentiating between the two levels of stability challenge. Inertial measurement units measures have the potential to be used in the evaluation of postural stability and balance strategies within clinical assessment.
High-throughput mapping of single-neuron projection and molecular features by retrograde barcoded labeling

Deciphering patterns of connectivity between neurons in the brain is a critical step toward understanding brain function. Imaging-based neuroanatomical tracing identifies area-to-area or sparse neuron-to-neuron connectivity patterns, but with limited throughput. Barcode-based connectomics maps large numbers of single-neuron projections, but remains a challenge for jointly analyzing single-cell transcriptomics. Here, we established a rAAV2-retro barcode-based multiplexed tracing method that simultaneously characterizes the projectome and transcriptome at the single neuron level. We uncovered dedicated and collateral projection patterns of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) neurons to five downstream targets and found that projection-defined vmPFC neurons are molecularly heterogeneous. We identified transcriptional signatures of projection-specific vmPFC neurons, and verified Pou3f1 as a marker gene enriched in neurons projecting to the lateral hypothalamus, denoting a distinct subset with collateral projections to both dorsomedial striatum and lateral hypothalamus. In summary, we have developed a new multiplexed technique whose paired connectome and gene expression data can help reveal organizational principles that form neural circuits and process information.
In-hospital safety outcomes of left atrial appendage occlusion in octogenarians and nonagenarians

Abstract Aims Data on safety outcomes of left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) in elderly patients are limited. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of LAAO between octogenarians (age 80–89) and nonagenarians (age ≥90) vs. younger patients (age ≤79). Methods and results We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Inpatient Sample database to identify patients hospitalized for LAAO from 2016 to 2020 and to compare in-hospital safety outcomes in octogenarians and nonagenarians vs. younger patients. The primary outcome was a composite of in-hospital all-cause mortality or stroke. Secondary outcomes included procedural complications, length of stay (LOS), and total costs. Outcomes were determined using logistic regression models. Among 84 140 patients hospitalized for LAAO, 32.9% were octogenarians, 2.8% were nonagenarians, and 64.3% were ≤79 years of age. Over the study period, the volume of LAAO increased in all age groups (all Ptrend < 0.01). After adjustment for clinical and demographic factors, octogenarians and nonagenarians had similar odds of in-hospital all-cause mortality or stroke [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–2.13 for octogenarians; aOR 1.69, 95% CI 0.67–3.92 for nonagenarians], cardiac tamponade, acute kidney injury, major bleeding, and blood transfusion, in addition to similar LOS and total costs compared with younger patients (all P > 0.05). However, octogenarians and nonagenarians had higher odds of vascular complications compared with younger patients (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.08–1.99 for octogenarians; aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.18–2.97 for nonagenarians). Conclusion Octogenarians and nonagenarians undergoing LAAO have a similar safety profile compared with clinically similar younger patients except for higher odds of vascular complications.
Increased Risk of Invasive Aspergillosis in Immunocompromised Patients With Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding >8 Weeks, Retrospective Case-control Study

Abstract Background Immunocompromised patients now represent the population most at risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019. Persistent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral shedding was reported in these patients ranging from several weeks up to 9 months. We conducted a bicentric retrospective case-control study to identify risk and prognostic factors associated with persistent viral shedding in immunocompromised patients. Material and Methods Symptomatic immunocompromised adults with persistent SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding >8 weeks were retrospectively included between 1 March 2020 and 24 April 2022 at 2 university hospitals in Paris, France, and matched with a control group consisting of symptomatic immunocompromised patients without persistent viral shedding. Results Twenty-nine immunocompromised patients with persistent viral shedding were compared with 40 controls. In multivariate analysis, fever and lymphocytopenia (<0.5 G/L) were associated with an increased risk of persistent viral shedding (odds ratio [OR]: 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–11.09) P = . 048 and OR: 4.3; 95% CI, 1.2–14.7; P = . 019, respectively). Unvaccinated patients had a 6-fold increased risk of persistent viral shedding (OR, 6.6; 95% CI, 1.7–25.1; P = .006). Patients with persistent viral shedding were at risk of hospitalization (OR: 4.8; 95 CI, 1.5–15.6; P = .008), invasive aspergillosis (OR: 10.17; 95 CI, 1.15–89.8; P = .037) and death (log-rank test <0.01). Conclusions Vaccine coverage was protective against SARS-CoV-2 persistent viral shedding in immunocompromised patients. This new group of immunocompromised patients with SARS-CoV-2 persistent viral shedding is at risk of developing invasive aspergillosis and death and should therefore be systematically screened for this fungal infection for as long as the viral shedding persists.
Expectations and Experiences of Participating in a Supervised and Home-Based Physical Exercise Intervention in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer during Chemoradiotherapy: A Qualitative Study

(1) Background: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) is associated with severe toxicity resulting in fatigue and weight loss, including loss of skeletal muscle mass. Exercise interventions might positively affect physical fitness and quality of life. Sufficient adherence and compliance rates are necessary for optimal effects. This study aimed to gain insight into expectations and experiences and factors influencing adherence, retention and compliance of HNC patients participating in exercise intervention during CRT. (2) Methods: Consecutive participants were invited for semi-structured interviews, conducted pre- and post-intervention. A deductive approach was used to identify themes and factors influencing adherence, retention and compliance. (3) Results: Thematic saturation was reached after interviewing 14 patients pre-intervention. Five themes were identified: planning and time management, treatment toxicity, motivation to exercise, exercise intervention and supervision by a physiotherapist. The intensity of the treatment schedule and treatment toxicity were important barriers. Facilitators mentioned were physical and emotional benefits, social support as well as the simplicity and home-based setting of the intervention. (4) Conclusions: A personalised approach, considering the individual facilitators and barriers of HNC patients, is important to increase adherence, retention and compliance to exercise intervention and to reap the optimal effects of the program.
Computer-supported collaborative learning : The Basics

This article provides a summary of research and developments in the field of computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL). We argue that the contribution of CSCL to vocational training comprises a set of ideas that actually prove relevant beyond CSCL to encompass the whole field of training technologies. Collaborative learning, with or without computers, is not a recipe that automatically leads to expected learning outcomes. Rather, CSCL researchers have explored the types of interaction which are necessary in a team in order to produce positive learning outcomes: argumentation, explanation, conflict resolution etc. In a next step, environments have been designed which scaffold these interactions. This contribution reports on the way in which technologies can be used in designing interactions: by placing student in a situation in which they need to engage in effortful interactions in order to build a shared understanding; by selecting a task representation that will shape their language; by directly prompting specific types of utterances using semi-structured interfaces; by structuring collaboration with scripts; by capturing interactions and either simply mirroring them to the group members or conducting deeper analyses. Collaborative activities are now integrated in pedagogical scenarios that include individual and class-wide activities occurring in a variety of settings (classroom, workplace, fieldtrip etc.) and in a variety of modes (face-to-face/remote; synchronous or non-synchronous etc.)
Supplementary Material for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation with Self-Supervised Depth Estimation

To better understand how the learned correlation module plays a role in improving the segmentation performance, we visualize the attention map from depth to semantics in Figure A1. The areas shown in brighter colors indicate that more guidance from depth is used for the final semantic prediction. Certain objects including cars, sidewalks, and poles in general attract stronger attention, which corresponds well with the improved classes in Table 3 of the main paper. In Figure A1, we provide four examples, where the areas with locally increased attention (illustrated in the white squares) improve the model performance, compared to DACS which has no correlation learning module. An interesting observation is that sidewalk in general attracts more attention than its easily confusable counterpart road. This could be the source of our improvement on both classes.
Application of a Novel Audio Compression scheme in Automatic Music Recommendation , Digital Rights Management and Audio Fingerprinting

Rapid progress in audio compression technology has contributed to the explosive growth of music available in digital form today. In a reversal of ideas, this work makes use of a recently proposed efficient audio compression scheme to develop three important applications in the context of Music Information Retrieval (MIR) for the effective manipulation of large music databases, namely automatic music recommendation (AMR), digital rights management (DRM) and audio finger-printing for song identification. The performance of these three applications has been evaluated with respect to a database of songs collected from a diverse set of genres. Keywords—Audio compression, Music Information Retrieval, Digital Rights Management, Audio Fingerprinting.
the Communication

Pair programming is a software development technique with many cited benefits in learning and teaching. However, it is reported that novice programmers find several barriers to pairing up, typically due to the added communication that is required of this approach. This paper will present a literature review discussing the issue of communication, and through a series of observations with industry ‐ based pairs, will derive a set of guidelines which aim to help novice pairs experience better communication within their pairs. An evaluation of the guidelines with undergraduate students is then reported, showing that exposure to these guidelines improved the self ‐ perceived communication experience of novice pairs.
Comprehension of computer code relies primarily on domain-general executive brain regions

Computer programming is a novel cognitive tool that has transformed modern society. What cognitive and neural mechanisms support this skill? Here, we used fMRI to investigate two candidate brain systems: the multiple demand (MD) system, typically recruited during math, logic, problem solving, and executive tasks, and the language system, typically recruited during linguistic processing. We examined MD and language system responses to code written in Python, a text-based programming language (Experiment 1) and in ScratchJr, a graphical programming language (Experiment 2); for both, we contrasted responses to code problems with responses to content-matched sentence problems. We found that the MD system exhibited strong bilateral responses to code in both experiments, whereas the language system responded strongly to sentence problems, but weakly or not at all to code problems. Thus, the MD system supports the use of novel cognitive tools even when the input is structurally similar to natural language.
QuickChick: Property-Based Testing for Coq

preservation either by strengthening the occurrence of the typing relation in the conclusion, or by weakening the occurrence in the premise. Initial experiments with manually introducing bugs in an information-ﬂow abstract machine (Hrit¸cu et al., 2013), the simply-typed λ -calculus, and CompCert have been very encouraging. We discovered for instance that a generator for simply-typed λ terms (Pałka et al., 2011) was not generating shadowed variables, which caused it to miss a capturing bug in substitution. We also discovered that CSmith, a highly successful tool for testing C compilers (Yang et al., 2011), could not detect a bug we introduced in CompCert, causing it to perform tail-call optimization even for non-tail-recursive functions. Beyond working out some of these case studies in detail, the goal is to develop a general methodology and theory of polarized mutation testing
An Empirical Study of the Robustness of Two Module Clustering Fitness Functions

Two of the attractions of search-based software engineering (SBSE) derive from the nature of the fitness functions used to guide the search. These have proved to be highly robust (for a variety of different search algorithms) and have yielded insight into the nature of the search space itself, shedding light upon the software engineering problem in hand. This paper aims to exploit these two benefits of SBSE in the context of search based module clustering. The paper presents empirical results which compare the robustness of two fitness functions used for software module clustering: one (MQ) used exclusively for module clustering. The other is EVM, a clustering fitness function previously applied to time series and gene expression data. The results show that both metrics are relatively robust in the presence of noise, with EVM being the more robust of the two. The results may also yield some interesting insights into the nature of software graphs.