Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increasing the Acceptance of Smartphone-Based Data Collection

Abstract To study human behavior, social scientists are increasingly collecting data from mobile apps and sensors embedded in smartphones. A major challenge of studies implemented on general population samples, however, is that participation rates are rather low. While previous research has started to investigate the factors affecting individuals’ decision to participate in such studies, less is known about features of the study design which are under the researcher’s control and can increase the acceptance of smartphone-based data collection methods. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model, we varied study characteristics in a vignette experiment to examine their effect on individuals’ willingness to download a research app on their smartphone. Data were collected from 1,876 members of the NORC AmeriSpeak Panel, a probability-based panel of the general population aged 18+ in the United States. Respondents were randomly assigned to eight vignettes and, after each vignette, were asked to rate their willingness to participate in the described hypothetical study. The results show that individuals are more willing to participate in smartphone-based studies where they have some control over the data collection process, by having the option either to temporarily switch off the data collection or to review the data before submission. Furthermore, they are more willing to participate in research to which they are invited via postal letter rather than receiving a postal letter plus a phone call from an interviewer who walks them through the app installation. Finally, unconditional incentives increase their willingness to engage with smartphone-based data collection over conditional incentives.
Physical properties of PHA 2014 JO25 from a worldwide observational campaign

J. Licandro (JL), M. Serra-Ricart (MSR), O. Vaduvescu (OV), M. Popescu (MP), and J. de Leon (JdL) acknowledge support from the AYA2015-67772-R project (MINECO, Spain). JdL also acknowledges support from from MINECO under the 2015 Severo Ochoa Program SEV-2015-0548. The Isaac Newton Telescope and its service mode are operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. The work of MP was also been supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research - UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-RU-TE-2014-4-2199. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, under Grant Agreement No. 687378. We thank E. Molinari for allocation of Director's Discretionary Time at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. The work by P. Pravec was supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, Grant 17-00774S. Observations at CS3 and continued support of the asteroid light-curve data base (LCDB; Warner et al. 2009) are supported by NASA grant 80NSSC18K0851. This paper is partially based on data taken at the 0.77 m La Hita telescope, which is jointly operated by the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia-CSIC and Astrohita. Blue Mountains Observatory is supported by the 2015 Shoemaker NEO grant.
Primordial Non-Gaussianity in the Single- and Multi-Field Inflationary Scenarios

In this thesis, an extensive literature research is performed on the observational differences between the single- and multi-field inflationary scenarios. In particular, we derive the non-Gaussianity signal predicted in the single- and multi-field slow-roll models of inflation, which are minimally coupled to Einstein gravity. Potentially, those observational differences between the two scenarios can be used to rule out one scenario in favour of the other by means of CMB anisotropies.
The Understanding of the Derivative Concept in Higher Education

The aim of this work was to identify and characterize the levels of development of derivative schema. In order to do so, a questionnaire to 103 university students with previous instruction in Differential Calculus was applied. The questionnaire was composed of three tasks. For the identification of the levels of development of schema and their subsequent characterization, we consider the framework proposed by the APOS theory. In particular, this framework was operationalized through the establishment of 27 variables that allowed for the breakdown of the resolution protocols from the questionnaire into discrete elements. In this way, we obtained a vector associated with each of these variables. The identification of students assigned to each level of development of schema was carried out by a cluster analysis. Subsequently, we performed a statistical analysis of frequencies and implicative, with the 27 variables, which allowed to characterize the levels of development identified.
Comparison of SVM, ANFIS and GEP in modeling monthly potential evapotranspiration in an arid region (Case study: Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran)

Evapotranspiration is an important component in planning and management of water resources. It depends on climatic factors and the influence of these factors on each other makes evapotranspiration estimation difficult. This study attempts to explore the possibility of predicting this important component using three different heuristic methods: Support Vector Machine (SVM), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Gene Expression Programming (GEP). In this regard, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Penman-Monteith equation, the monthly potential evapotranspiration in four synoptic stations (Zahedan, Zabol, Iranshahr, and Chabahar) was calculated using monthly weather data. The weather data were then used as inputs to the SVM, ANFIS and GEP models to estimate potential evapotranspiration. Five different input combinations were tried in the applications. The results of SVM, ANFIS and GEP models were compared based on the coefficient of determination (R 2 ), Mean Absolute Error and root mean square error. Findings showed that the SVM model, whose inputs are average air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and sunny hours of the current and one previous month, performed better than the other models for the Zahedan, Zabol, Iranshahr, and Chabahar stations. Comparison of the three heuristic methods indicated that in all stations, the SVM, GEP and ANFIS models took first, second, and third place in estimation of the monthly potential evapotranspiration, respectively.
A Case Control Study on the Determinants of Behavior towards Diarrhea in Children under Five Years Old

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge of diarrhea, hand washing behavior, toilet use behavior and the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years old. Study Design: A case control study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in October 2022 at area of the Johan Pahlawan Community Health Center, Aceh Barat District, Aceh Province-Indonesia. Methodology: The sample size was 92, with 46 cases and 46 controls. The subjects of the case and control groups are mothers with children under five years old. SPSS version 20 was utilized to conduct statistical analysis on both univariate and bivariate data, with the chi-square test being employed to address the hypothesis. Results: The results showed that both the case and control groups had more children aged ≤2 years. Mothers in the case group were found to have a higher proportion with poor knowledge level (66.2%), poor hand washing behavior (54.3%), and poor toilet use behavior (67.4%) compared to the mothers in the control group. Statistical tests proved that there was a significant relationship between maternal knowledge (p=0.022), hand washing behavior (p=0.020), and toilet use behavior (p=0.001) with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years old. Conclusion: Efforts are needed to improve the knowledge and skills of mothers in preventing and managing diarrhea through education by health professionals.
Quantum Hall Ferromagnetism in Multicomponent Systems

The present thesis deals with two-dimensional quantum Hall systems in which the electrons may be endowed with multiple discrete degrees of freedom. Quantum Hall ferromagnetism provides a framework to treat these electronic degrees of freedom as effective spins and isospins of the electrons. Different orderings of the electronic spins and isospins then characterise different possible phases of the system. Using this analogy, various aspects of the two-dimensional systems in the quantum Hall regime are explored theoretically by studying the corresponding spin and isospin structure. The work consists of three parts in which different two-dimensional materials are investigated in the quantum Hall regime. In any of the three projects presented within this thesis, Hartree Fock theory is employed to study the multicomponent spin and isospin system at the mean field level. All our considerations are stimulated directly by experimental results. We draw our main motivation from the key idea that purely theoretical investigations of abstract models may us allow to obtain deeper insights into the physical processes and mechanisms that determine the properties of the materials. This, in turn, we hope to allow conclusions about the experiments by providing possible explanations of the phenomena observed, as well as prospects for future investigations.
Nematic fluctuations in iron arsenides NaFeAs and LiFeAs probed by As 75 NMR

$^{75}\mathrm{As}$ NMR measurements have been made on single crystals to study the nematic state in the iron arsenides NaFeAs, which undergoes a structural transition from a high-temperature (high-$T$) tetragonal phase to a low-$T$ orthorhombic phase at ${T}_{\mathrm{s}}=57$ K and an antiferromagnetic transition at ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}=42$ K, and LiFeAs having a superconducting transition at ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}=18$ K. We observe the in-plane anisotropy of the electric field gradient $\ensuremath{\eta}$ even in the tetragonal phase of NaFeAs and LiFeAs, showing the local breaking of tetragonal ${C}_{4}$ symmetry. Then, $\ensuremath{\eta}$ is found to obey the Curie-Weiss (CW) law as well as in $\mathrm{Ba}{({\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{x})}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$. The good agreement between $\ensuremath{\eta}$ and the nematic susceptibility obtained by electronic Raman spectroscopy indicates that $\ensuremath{\eta}$ is governed by the nematic susceptibility. From comparing $\ensuremath{\eta}$ in NaFeAs and LiFeAs with $\ensuremath{\eta}$ in $\mathrm{Ba}{({\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{x})}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$, we discuss the carrier-doping dependence of the nematic susceptibility. The spin contribution to nematic susceptibility is also discussed from comparing the CW terms in $\ensuremath{\eta}$ with the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate divided by temperature $1/{T}_{1}T$. Finally, we discuss the nematic transition in the paramagnetic orthorhombic phase of NaFeAs from the in-plane anisotropy of $1/{T}_{1}T$.
Solving Optimization Problems via Maximum Satisfiability: Encodings and Re-Encodings

NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems are commonly encountered in numerous different domains. As such efficient methods for solving instances of such problems can save time, money, and other resources in several different applications. This thesis investigates exact declarative approaches to combinatorial optimization within the maximum satisfiability (MaxSAT) paradigm, using propositional logic as the constraint language of choice. Specifically we contribute to both MaxSAT solving and encoding techniques. In the first part of the thesis we contribute to MaxSAT solving technology by developing solver independent MaxSAT preprocessing techniques that re-encode MaxSAT instances into other instances. In order for preprocessing to be effective, the total time spent re-encoding the original instance and solving the new instance should be lower than the time required to directly solve the original instance. We show how the recently proposed label-based framework for MaxSAT preprocessing can be efficiently integrated with state-of-art MaxSAT solvers in a way that improves the empirical performance of those solvers. We also investigate the theoretical effect that label-based preprocessing has on the number of iterations needed by MaxSAT solvers in order to solve instances. We show that preprocessing does not improve best-case performance (in the number of iterations) of MaxSAT solvers, but can improve the worst-case performance. Going be-
Assessment of bio-accessibility of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and As) through consumption of medicinal plants collected from different regions in Nyamira- Kenya

Background: In this study, the total and bio-accessible levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) in 19 Kenyan medicinal plants from two regions (Manga and Borabu) are presented. Methods: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the total and bio-accessed heavy metals in plants. The NIST 1647 plant reference material was used to study the performance of the method. The method offered excellent quality parameters in terms of detection and quantification limits of 0.08 and 0.24 µg/kg, 0.5 and 1.5 µg/kg, and 3.1 and 9.5 µg /kg, linearity (r2 > 0.997) and recoveries of 95%, 99% and 93% for Cd, Pb, and As, respectively. Results: The dry weights of the plants from Manga and Borabu showed low concentrations of Cd (270 ± 20 and 260 ± 20), As (320 ± 20 and 480 ± 40), and Pb (1230 ± 110 and 1160 ± 100) µg/kg. Significantly higher mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, and As (0.45 ± 0.11, 0.46 ± 0.12 and 0.37 ± 0.10 µg/kg) than (0.32 ± 0.07, 0.34 ± 0.11 and 0.26 ± 0.08 µg/kg) were bioaccessible enzymatically than aquatically from dry weight (p<0.05). The percentage bioaccessibility of the elements from the plants ranged from 0.08 to 10.66% and 0.02 to 2.56% for the enzymatic and aquatic procedures, respectively. Conclusion: The low bioaccessible concentrations of heavy (toxic) elements in plants justify their therapeutic use.
Skinny Gibbs: A Consistent and Scalable Gibbs Sampler for Model Selection

ABSTRACT We consider the computational and statistical issues for high-dimensional Bayesian model selection under the Gaussian spike and slab priors. To avoid large matrix computations needed in a standard Gibbs sampler, we propose a novel Gibbs sampler called “Skinny Gibbs” which is much more scalable to high-dimensional problems, both in memory and in computational efficiency. In particular, its computational complexity grows only linearly in p, the number of predictors, while retaining the property of strong model selection consistency even when p is much greater than the sample size n. The present article focuses on logistic regression due to its broad applicability as a representative member of the generalized linear models. We compare our proposed method with several leading variable selection methods through a simulation study to show that Skinny Gibbs has a strong performance as indicated by our theoretical work. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Robust Inverse Modeling of Growing Season Net Ecosystem Exchange in a Mountainous Peatland: Influence of Distributional Assumptions on Estimated Parameters and Total Carbon Fluxes

While boreal lowland bogs have been extensively studied using the eddy‐covariance (EC) technique, less knowledge exists on mountainous peatlands. Hence, half‐hourly CO2 fluxes of an ombrotrophic peat bog in the Harz Mountains, Germany, were measured with the EC technique during a growing season with exceptionally dry weather spells. A common biophysical process model for net ecosystem exchange was used to describe measured CO2 fluxes and to fill data gaps. Model parameters and uncertainties were estimated by robust inverse modelling in a Bayesian framework using a population‐based Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampler. The focus of this study was on the correct statistical description of error, i.e. the differences between the measured and simulated carbon fluxes, and the influence of distributional assumptions on parameter estimates, cumulative carbon fluxes, and uncertainties. We tested the Gaussian, Laplace, and Student's t distribution as error models. The t‐distribution was identified as best error model by the deviance information criterion. Its use led to markedly different parameter estimates, a reduction of parameter uncertainty by about 40%, and, most importantly, to a 5% higher estimated cumulative CO2 uptake as compared to the commonly assumed Gaussian error distribution. As open‐path measurement systems have larger measurement error at high humidity, the standard deviation of the error was modeled as a function of measured vapor pressure deficit. Overall, this paper demonstrates the importance of critically assessing the influence of distributional assumptions on estimated model parameters and cumulative carbon fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere.
The Effectiveness of The Drill Drawing Method on The Development of Fine Motorists in Preschool Children

Background: Preschool is the right time to develop children's creativity. The directed development of children's creativity at this age range will influence their future life, one of which is by stimulating drawing exercises. Determining the effectiveness of the drill method by drawing on fine motor development in preschool children is the goal of this investigation. Methods: This research is a pre-experiment with one group pretest-posttest design sort of research. The study's target audience was kids alone in Kindergarten Bhakti Asuhan Palembang. Simple Random Sampling is the method used for sampling. The number of samples is 26 respondents who have met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data analysis technique used the Marginal Homogeneity test. Results: based on the findings of the univariate analysis performed before using the drill approach by drawing most of the respondents, the development was in the dubious category of as many as 20 respondents (76.9%). Meanwhile, after the drill method was carried out by drawing, most of the respondents' development increased, and as many as 23 respondents (88.5%) experienced an increase inappropriate developments. According to the outcomes of the bivariate test using the Marginal Homogeneity Test, a significant value was obtained, namely (ρ-value = 0.000), so that <0.05. Conclusion: There are differences in fine motoric development in preschool children before and after the drill method by drawing at Kindergarten Bhakti Asuhan Palembang City.
LISA Pathfinder: First steps to observing gravitational waves from space

LISA Pathfinder, the European Space Agency’s technology demonstrator mission for future spaceborne gravitational wave observatories, was launched on 3 December 2015, from the European space port of Kourou, French Guiana. After a short duration transfer to the final science orbit, the mission has been gathering science data since. This data has allowed the science community to validate the critical technologies and measurement principle for low frequency gravitational wave detection and thereby confirming the readiness to start the next generation gravitational wave observatories, such as LISA. This paper will briefly describe the mission, followed by a description of the science operations highlighting the performance achieved. Details of the various experiments performed during the nominal science operations phase can be found in accompanying papers in this volume.
Influence of Blended Npsb Fertilizer Rates on Growth of Sweet Potato (<i>Ipomoea batatas</i> (L.) Lam) Varieties in Bako District, West Shewa Zone

: Sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam) is one of the most important root crops. It is used as food and economically important crop in Ethiopia. However, its production and productivity is very low due to several factors: lack of information on the type and appropriate rate of fertilizers supplying major plant nutrients, which have been recognized to be deficient in Ethiopian soil and shortage of planting materials supplying system, Hence, a field experiment was conducted at Bako Agricultural Research Center in 2019/2020
Speaker stance and engagement across disciplines in Lithuanian university lectures: the case of mes ‘we’ in medicine and business administration

To gain a greater understanding of how speakers construct their disciplinary-situated identities and interact with their addressee(s) in Lithuanian spoken academic discourse, this corpus-based exploratory analysis focuses on the use of mes ‘we’ as a marker of stance and engagement in lecturers’ speech in Lithuanian university lectures on business administration and medicine. The data reveals that the lecturers in business administration used only the inclusive mes ‘we’, which is known to promote student involvement and strengthen lecturer-student rapport. The instructors in medicine frequently employed the exclusive reference to indicate their belonging to professional communities and highlight their level of expertise in the discipline, creating a sense of distance between the lecturer and the student audience.
Broadband hot-carrier dynamics in three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Cd3As2

The hot-carrier relaxation dynamics of Cd3As2 thin films has been investigated by using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy in a transmission geometry. A comparative study of degenerate and non-degenerate experiments reveals that hot-carrier distribution in Cd3As2 is established with a time constant of ∼400 fs. Significantly, the broadband measurements allow the extraction of the time evolution of electron temperature and the carrier-phonon coupling factor g = 5.3 × 1015 W m−3 K−1 is deduced by a semiclassical two-temperature model. These results provide fundamental insights into the hot-carrier dynamics of Cd3As2.
Proses Adopsi Inovasi Pupuk Cair Organik (Biofish) Berbahan Dasar Ikan Laut pada Komoditas Padi di Kecamatan Muncar Kabupaten Banyuwangi

The organic fertilizer is a fertilizer which made from organic materials, most of the materials used are from plants, land animals and sea animals (fish), so that the fertilizer produced in the form of solid or liquid. One of the organic liquid which produced with fish is biofish. The adoption of organic liquid biofish fertilizer becomes one of farmers' efforts to increase rice planting production. This study aims are to analyze descriptively about knowledge, attitude, decision, implementation and confirmation about organic liquid biofish fertilizer. The determination of area in this research is using purposive method. The location decided for this research is in Muncar Sub-district of Banyuwangi Regency. The research method uses qualitative approach. The method of determining key informant is using Purposive Sampling. The methods of data collection are using interviews, observations, and documents. The data analysis methods are going to be analyzed by reduction, display, conclusion drawing / verification. The method of data validity uses source triangulation. The results showed that farmers' knowledge of biofuel organic fertilizer is good, the farmers are happy and they also like using organic biofertilizer, the farmers receive innovative organic biofuel fertilizer. Although, sometimes they still stop applying and reusing it, but most of farmers will apply organic biofuels continuously because they totally know the benefits of organic biofuels on rice planting.