Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Watching My Mind Unfold versus Yours: An fMRI Study Using a Novel Camera Technology to Examine Neural Differences in Self-projection of Self versus Other Perspectives

Self-projection, the capacity to re-experience the personal past and to mentally infer another person's perspective, has been linked to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In particular, ventral mPFC is associated with inferences about one's own self, whereas dorsal mPFC is associated with inferences about another individual. In the present fMRI study, we examined self-projection using a novel camera technology, which employs a sensor and timer to automatically take hundreds of photographs when worn, in order to create dynamic visuospatial cues taken from a first-person perspective. This allowed us to ask participants to self-project into the personal past or into the life of another person. We predicted that self-projection to the personal past would elicit greater activity in ventral mPFC, whereas self-projection of another perspective would rely on dorsal mPFC. There were three main findings supporting this prediction. First, we found that self-projection to the personal past recruited greater ventral mPFC, whereas observing another person's perspective recruited dorsal mPFC. Second, activity in ventral versus dorsal mPFC was sensitive to parametric modulation on each trial by the ability to relive the personal past or to understand another's perspective, respectively. Third, task-related functional connectivity analysis revealed that ventral mPFC contributed to the medial temporal lobe network linked to memory processes, whereas dorsal mPFC contributed to the fronto-parietal network linked to controlled processes. In sum, these results suggest that ventral–dorsal subregions of the anterior midline are functionally dissociable and may differentially contribute to self-projection of self versus other.
Assessments of landscape level degradation in southern Ethiopia: pastoralists versus ecologists

This paper compares land degradation assessment techniques using indigenous ecological knowledge (IEK) of the Booran pastoralists and techniques used by ecologists. The study was conducted at landscape and regional levels in southern Ethiopia, where the Booran pastoral production system comprised the Golbo (lowlands), the Dirre (Plateau) and the Liiban production systems (hereafter also referred to as regions). The study, by involving traditional range scouts in evaluating landscape and regional level environmental changes, challenges the notion that IEK is mythical and could not meet scientific rigour. We show that the use of common soil and vegetation indices allows comparisons of land degradation assessments between the IEK of the pastoralists and ecological techniques. Evaluation by traditional range scouts (TRSCs) and range ecologists (REs) on changes in range conditions and trends showed high correlations. Indigenous ecological knowledge was effectively used to determine landscape suitability and potential grazing capacity of individual landscapes and at regional levels. We show different perceptions in interpreting grazing suitability and potential grazing capacity. Management did not change the latter, which is an inherent property of individual landscapes, while the former could be altered. Both TRSCs and REs made comparable predictions on threats to range conditions and trends, but interpreted landscape stability differently. We suggest that integrating IEK in the ecological methods would help identify important perceptions of the pastoralists on effects of land use on local landscapes. Moreover, the value of IEK should also be considered when monitoring landscape level changes as well as when assessing degradation of the grazing lands. We hope the information in this paper will motivate policy‐makers to incorporate the IEK of the pastoralists into decisions on landscape level range rehabilitation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical study of upward‐propagating gravity waves in two different MJO phases

Convectively generated atmospheric gravity waves that propagate into the equatorial stratosphere were investigated using a cloud resolving model. Numerical simulations were conducted to study wave generation during convectively inactive and active phases in a cycle of the Madden‐Julian oscillation, which occurred during an observational campaign conducted in Sumatra. Greater convective activity during the active phase caused stronger disturbances in the troposphere at relatively low phase speeds less than about 20m/s than the inactive phase. However, the contrast was weaker at higher phase speeds. Furthermore, the vertical structure of convective forcing in the inactive phase was more suitable to excite waves with wavelength longer than twice the depth of convection. Owing to the combination of these factors, upward gravity wave propagation was significantly enhanced during the inactive phase. This study demonstrates the necessity to study convection spectrally to investigate possible links between intraseasonal variabilities in the troposphere and the middle atmosphere.
Learning and Action Alliances to build capacity for flood resilience

Flood risks are increasing and available funding is reducing, posing professionals with the need to change practices. ‘Active learning’ can help to develop the capacity to accept different perspectives on risk and performance and to use alternative innovatory responses. Breaking the entrapment of traditional approaches requires cultural change in the organisations and the individuals involved. Learning Alliances can help to do this. In Yorkshire (England), a common forum for learning and action in relation to flood and water management has evolved into Learning and Action Alliances (LAAs). These alliances, which are essential components of three European Union INTERREG IVB projects, have national, regional and local dimensions. Internationally, these and partner LAAs, are being utilised to engender transnational learning. Experience from the establishment and operation of these LAAs is presented and it is concluded that there is no single blueprint for an ideal LAA. Nor is their establishment and operation straightforward.
The impact of badminton lessons on health and wellness of young adults with intellectual disabilitie

The impact of badminton lessons on health and wellness of young adults with intellectual disabilities: a pilot study C. -C. (JJ) Chen , Y. -J. Ryuh , M. Donald & M. Rayner To cite this article: C. -C. (JJ) Chen , Y. -J. Ryuh , M. Donald & M. Rayner (2021): The impact of badminton lessons on health and wellness of young adults with intellectual disabilities: a pilot study, International Journal of Developmental Disabilities To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/20473869.2021. 1882716
The Gender Inequalities Index (GII) as a New Way to Understand Gender Inequality Issues in Developing Countries

The measurement of gender inequalities has become an important topic in the academic literature. First, appropriate indicators are needed to compare the relative situation of women in developing countries. Second, there is renewed attention given to the relationship between gender inequality and economic growth. Measuring gender inequalities contributes to knowing whether greater inequality promotes or hampers growth. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, the Gender Inequalities Index (GII) is built through a new methodology using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), which determines endogenously the weight of each variable. The GII avoids comparison between countries and ranking. Second, the GII is used to study the relationship between gender inequalities and economic growth using seemingly unrelated regressions. Results show large variations between regions: South Asia has the worst score with an average of 0.63, Sub-Saharan Africa and Middle East and North Africa follow with an average of 0.48 and 0.46 respectively. These situations lead to reducing the potential growth rate by 4% in South Asia and 3% in Sub-Saharan Africa and Middle East and North Africa countries.
HIF-2# deletion promotes Kras-driven lung tumor development

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The oxygen-sensitive hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) transcriptional regulators HIF-1 α and HIF-2 α are overexpressed in many human NSCLCs, and constitutive HIF-2 α activity can promote murine lung tumor progression, suggesting that HIF proteins may be effective NSCLC therapeutic targets. To investigate the con-sequences of inhibiting HIF activity in lung cancers, we deleted Hif-1 α or Hif-2 α in an established Kras G12D -driven murine NSCLC model. Deletion of Hif-1 α had no obvious effect on tumor growth, whereas Hif-2 α deletionresultedinanunexpectedincreaseintumor burden that correlated with reduced expression of the candidate tumor suppressor gene Scgb3a1 ( HIN-1 ). Here, we identify Scgb3a1 asadirectHIF-2 α targetgeneanddemonstratethatHIF-2 α regulates Scgb3a1 expression and tumor formation in human Kras G12D -driven NSCLC cells. AKT pathway activity, reported to be repressed by Scgb3a1, was enhanced in HIF-2 α -de ﬁ cient human NSCLC cells and xenografts. Finally, a direct correlation between HIF-2 α and SCGB3a1 expression was observed in approximately 70% of human NSCLC samples analyzed. These data suggest that, whereas HIF-2 α overexpression can contribute to NSCLC progression, therapeutic inhibition of HIF-2 α below a critical threshold may paradoxically promote tumor growth by reducing expression of tumor suppressor genes, including Scgb3a1 . α intumorigenesis, wherein both HIF-2 α overexpression through activation of protumorigenic target genes, and HIF-2 α deletion through loss of expression of candidate tumor suppressor genes, including Scgb3a1 , could promote tumor growth. Other HIF-2 α targets such as lactotransferrin and ceruloplasmin may also in- ﬂ uence tumor outcome, but their role in tumor suppression is as yet unclear.
Lithospheric strength and intraplate seismicity in the New Madrid seismic zone

A simple hypothesis is proposed to explain the occurrence of localized zones of tectonic deformation and seismicity within intraplate regions subjected to relatively uniform far‐field tectonic stresses. In most intraplate regions (especially continental shield areas and old oceanic basins), temperatures in the lower crust and upper mantle are quite low so that the upper mantle is cold and strong. In these regions, significant lithospheric deformation does not occur because the cumulative strength of the lithosphere far exceeds the magnitude of plate‐driving forces. If lower crust and upper mantle temperatures are relatively high, however, plate‐driving forces are largely supported by the upper crust because the lower crust and upper mantle are relatively weak. In this case, the regions can deform relatively rapidly because the cumulative strength of the lithosphere is comparable in magnitude to that of the forces acting on the lithosphere. In this paper, we apply this hypothesis to the New Madrid seismic zone and the surrounding central and eastern United States. Within the seismic zone, the heat flow appears to be slightly elevated (about 60 mW/m2) relative to the background regional value of 45 mW/m2. Calculated crustal geotherms and laboratory‐derived ductile flow laws suggest that the lower crust and upper mantle are sufficiently weak within the seismic zone that intraplate stresses are largely transmitted through the upper crust and deformation can occur at relatively rapid rates for this intraplate area. In marked contrast, in the surrounding area where the heat flow is relatively low, cumulative lithospheric strength appears to far exceed the plate‐driving force, and the tectonic stress is carried in both the crust and upper mantle. Thus the marked contrast in seismicity between the seismic zone and the surrounding area appears largely because of heat flow and whether or not the lower crust and upper mantle support an appreciable fraction of the plate‐driving forces.
Transforming growth factor β1 promotes migration and invasion in HepG2 cells: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via JAK/STAT3 signaling

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is a cytokine with multiple functions. TGFβ1 significantly induces migration and invasion of liver cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial for the development of invasion and metastasis in human cancers. The aim of the present study was to determine whether TGFβ1-induced EMT promoted migration and invasion in HepG2 cells. The underlying mechanism and the effect of EMT on HepG2 cells were also investigated. The results demonstrated that TGFβ1 may induce EMT to promote migration and invasion of HepG2 cells, and this effect depends on activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling pathway. JAK/STAT3 signaling is involved in human malignancies, including lung cancer, and is implicated in cell transformation, tumorigenicity, EMT and metastasis. In the present study, TGFβ1 also activated JAK/STAT3 signaling in HepG2 cells and promoted Twist expression, but these events were abolished by treatment with the STAT3 inhibitor AG490. Additionally, Twist siRNA blocked TGFβ1-induced EMT. Thus, TGFβ1 was shown to induce EMT, thereby promoting the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells via JAK/STAT3/Twist signaling.
Soft and hard clustering methods for delineation of hydrological homogeneous regions in the southern strip of the Caspian Sea Watershed

Regionalisation is a fundamental task for transferring hydrological information from gauged to un‐gauged catchments. This study employs several soft and hard clustering approaches for regionalisation of the 61 catchments located in the southern strip of the Caspian Sea Watershed. Factor analysis using Principal Component Analysis resulted to four out of 16 catchment's attributes relating to flooding which were then used for regionalisation. Hierarchical and Non‐Hierarchical Clustering, K‐Means, Fuzzy C‐Means and Kohonen methods were studied and compared by L‐Moment tests. While in hard clustering approach, distinct clusters of catchments were formed, soft clustering techniques allocated catchments to more than one cluster according to their membership probability. The performance of different clustering methods resulted to the similar number of homogeneous groups. However, the number of sites allocated to the clusters is different. Hard clustering resulted in three clusters at 38, 10 and 13 sites, while Soft clustering allocated 26, 20 and 15 sites to the clusters, respectively. Results indicate a superiority of the soft clustering in the study area where deriving hydrologic groups by hard clustering is problematic.
Polarization and amplitude characteristics of Pc 3 pulsations in conjugate area around L = 1.3–2.1

In order to extend both theoretical and experimental investigations of low-latitude Pc 3 magnetic pulsations, we conducted conjugate magnetic observations at Asahikawa (ASH; λ = 142.2°, Φ = 43.93°, L = 1.55) and Onagawa (ONW; 141.48°, 38.43°, 1.30) in Japan and Birdsville (BSV; 139.3°, −25.83°, 1.55), i.e., the conjugate point of ASH, Dalby (DAL; 151.2°, −27.18°, 1.56) and St. Kilda (SKD; 138.5°, −34.7°, 2.11) in Australia, during the period from July 20 to September 16, 1986. From the analysis of these conjugate-area data, occurrence and polarization characteristics of low-latitude Pc 3 pulsations can be summarized as follows: (1) The average amplitude at SKD (L = 2.1) is about twice that at BSV (1.55). (2) The H component amplitude at BSV in the winter hemisphere is larger than that at ASH in the summer hemisphere. (3) The polarizations at all stations switch statistically from left-handed in the morning to right-handed in the afternoon, where polarization senses are defined with reference to the direction of the main geomagnetic field. (4) However, the switch from L-H to R-H polarization at the conjugate stations (L = 1.55) does not always occur near local noon, but sometimes near 0500 and 1700 LT. (5) The abrupt changes of major axis orientations of Pc 3 polarization ellipses appear to coincide with the ionospheric conductivity enhancement and depression, respectively, associated with local sunrise and sunset. These observational facts suggest that a standing field line resonance in the Pc 3 frequency range is situated at L >2.1, and that at lower latitudes (L ≲ 1.5) Pc 3 magnetic pulsations could arise predominantly from compressional mode waves propagating transverse to the Earth's magnetic field through the low-latitude ionosphere.
The Kuroshio onshore intrusion along the shelf break of the East China Sea : The origin of the Tsushima warm current

Abstract A 1/18° nested ocean model is used to determine locations, volume transports, and temporal variations of Kuroshio onshore fluxes across the shelf break of the East China Sea (ECS). The Kuroshio onshore flux shows strong seasonality: maximum (∼3 Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) in autumn and minimum (<0.5 Sv) in summer. Another short-term (∼17 days) variation due to Kuroshio meanders introduces large fluctuations in the onshore fluxes but its seasonal average almost vanishes. The Kuroshio onshore fluxes have two major sources, Kuroshio intrusion northeast of Taiwan and Kuroshio separation southwest of Kyushu; the former provides larger onshore flux than the latter. Therefore, in addition to the waters from the Taiwan Strait and the Kuroshio separation region southwest of Kyushu, the water due to the Kuroshio intrusion northeast of Taiwan is also a major source of the Tsushima Warm Current. A vorticity equation is used to separate the contribution of surface Ekman transport to the Kuroshio onshore fluxes in .
Bridging the Gap Between Symptom Onset and Diagnosis in Axial Spondyloarthritis

To evaluate a stratified screening process for the early identification of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) with consideration of the following: 1) wait times from primary care to rheumatology screen, 2) incremental precision and accuracy from primary care to rheumatology screening, and 3) diagnostic delay.
Bed load transport fluctuations in a gravel bed laboratory channel

Flume experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanisms of transport of a gravel-sand mixture by shallow unidirectional flows. Two water recirculating sediment feed flumes were used: one with a 6 m long and 0.15 m wide channel and other with an 11 m long channel with widths of 0.74 m and 0.53 m. The sediment, poorly sorted gravel with a mean size of 3 mm, was fed at the upstream end of the channel at steady rates from 0.03 kg s−1 m−1 to 1.0 kg s−1 m−1. Sediment transport rate out of the channel varied in all runs, at approximate periods of 3 min in the runs with high transport rates to 14 min in the runs with low transport rates. The runs with low transport rates also showed fluctuations in total transport rate at periods of about 25 min. Transport rates of each size fraction varied with time in a distinctive pattern in all runs. The time variations were caused by the migration of very long and low bed load sheets in the runs with low to moderate transport rates and dunelike bed forms in the run with the highest transport rate. The bed surface in all runs was coarser in size than the original sediment mix except that with the highest transport rate (run H5) in which the size distribution was nearly the same as the original.
Depletion of perennial sea ice in the East Arctic Ocean

The extent of perennial sea ice in the East Arctic Ocean (0–180°E) decreased by nearly one half with an abrupt reduction of 0.95 × 106 km2, while the West Arctic Ocean (0–180°W) had a slight gain of 0.23 × 106 km2 between 2004 and 2005, as observed by satellite scatterometer data during November–December. The net decrease in the total perennial ice extent is 0.72 × 106 km2, about the size of Texas. Perennial ice in the East Arctic Ocean continued to be depleted with an areal reduction of 70% from October 2005 to April 2006. With the East Arctic Ocean dominated by seasonal sea ice, a strong summer melt may open a vast ice‐free region with a possible record minimum ice extent largely confined to the West Arctic Ocean. Simultaneous scatterometer measurements of sea ice and winds will be crucial for sea ice monitoring and forecasts.
Small-scale structures in Saturn's ultraviolet aurora

[1] On 26 August 2008, the Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph Subsystem (UVIS) instrument onboard the Cassini spacecraft recorded a series of spatially resolved spectra of the northern auroral region of Saturn. Near periapsis, the spacecraft was only five Saturn radii (RS) from the surface and spatially resolved auroral structures as small as 500 km across (0.5° of latitude). We report the observation of two types of UV auroral substructures at the location of the main ring of emission, bunches of spots and narrow arcs. They are found in the noon and dusk sectors, respectively, at latitudes ranging from 73 to 80° corresponding to equatorial regions located beyond 16 RS. Their brightness ranges from 1 to 30 kR and their characteristic size varies from 500 km to several thousands of km. These small-scale substructures are likely associated with patterns of upward field aligned currents resulting from nonuniform plasma flow in the equatorial plane. It is suggested that magnetopause Kelvin-Helmholtz waves trigger localized perturbations in the flow, like vortices, able to give rise to the observed UV auroral substructures.
Tree-ring derived millennial precipitation record for the south-central Tibetan Plateau and its possible driving mechanism

Knowledge of Asian monsoon variability remains limited because of sparse instrumental data available only for short time series. Here, an updated tree-ring width record covering the period ad 1037–2009 was developed for the south-central Tibetan Plateau (TP). Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship (r = 0.71) between the tree-ring index and annual (previous July to current June) precipitation series for the instrumental period 1963–2008, which accounts for 50.41% of the rainfall variability. Based on a linear regression model, the longest available regional precipitation history was reconstructed. Spatial correlation between tree ring width and annual precipitation data from previous July to current June indicates that the reconstruction is representative of precipitation changes on the south-central TP. Regional wet conditions occurred during ad 1095–1161, 1376–1403, 1414–1446, 1518–1537, 1549–1572, 1702–1757, 1848–1878 and 1891–1913, while dry periods were identified during ad1189–1242, 1256–1314, 1329–1357, 1470–1491, 1573–1623, 1636–1686, 1761–1821, 1823–1847, 1879–1890 and 1931–1985. The negative correlation between our reconstructed precipitation and India monsoon rainfall series indicates the seesaw pattern over northern and southern monsoon Asia. It is suggested that solar radiation-induced sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the tropical Pacific influence regional rainfall patterns. The degree of this influence has been stable at the multidecadal scale during the past 1000 years.