Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the aquatic phycomycete biota of the Douglas Lake region since the time of Dogma and Sparrow

Fredrick K. Sparrow and his students, including Irineo J. Dogma, conducted many surveys of the aquatic phycomycete biota of the Douglas Lake region in Michigan, United States of America. Following the tradition of Sparrow and Dogma, we undertook an inventory of the aquatic phycomycete biota of the Douglas Lake region with an emphasis on Chytridiomycota. Cognizant of the difficulties of relying solely on light microscopy, we used a combination of light microscopy, culturing, and single cell techniques. We observed a total of 42 taxa. We successfully cultured Terramycetaceae sp. , Physocladia obscura, and Rhizoclosmatium globosum. Using single cell techniques, we obtained molecular sequence data for Rhopalophlyctis sarcoptoides, Rhizophydium echinocystoides and an unidentified parasite of Desmidium. Our inferred maximum likelihood phylogeny placed Rhopalophlyctis sarcoptoides in the Chytridales as sister to Chytriomyces hyalinus. Rhizophydium echinocystoides was placed in the Rhizophydiales but did not group with the type of the genus. The unidentified parasite of Desmidium surprisingly grouped with members of Synchytrium. Our results provide a pilot study for demonstrating how light microscopy, culturing, and single cell techniques to obtain molecular sequences of chytrid taxa could be used to create a local aquatic fungal inventory based on molecular techniques, discover novel taxa, and potentially revise current taxonomy.
Molecular Mechanism and Energetics of Clamp Assembly in Escherichia coli THE ROLE OF ATP HYDROLYSIS WHEN g COMPLEX LOADS b ON DNA*

Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is a multisubunit composite containing the b sliding clamp and clamp loading g complex. The g complex requires ATP to load b onto DNA. A two-color fluorescence spectroscopic approach was utilized to study this system, wherein both assembly (red fluorescence; X-rhodamine labeled DNA anisotropy assay) and ATP hydrolysis (green fluorescence; phosphate binding protein assay) were simultaneously measured with millisecond timing resolution. The two temporally correlated stopped-flow signals revealed that a preassembled b z g complex composite rapidly binds primer/template DNA in an ATP hydrolysis independent step. Once bound, two molecules of ATP are rapidly hydrolyzed ( ; 34 s 2 1 ). Following hydrolysis, g complex dissociates from the DNA ( ; 22 s 2 1 ). Once dissociated, the next cycle of loading is severely compromised, resulting in steady-state ATP hydrolysis rates with a maximum of only ; 3 s 2 1 . Two sin-gle-site b dimer interface mutants were examined which had impaired steady-state rates of ATP hydrolysis. The pre-steady-state of Release— change in The linear slope of P i production calculated and plot- ted as a function of ATP concentration to measure Michaelis-Menten constants for the various clamp-loading reactions. Pre-steady-state Measurements of P i Release— Reactions observing P release in real time were carried out on an Applied Photophysics SX.18MV Stopped-Flow Reaction Analyzer. A fluorescent probe (MDCC) attached to E. coli PBP was used to measure the rate of P i production. Samples were excited at 425 nm (0.5 mm slits) using a monochromater in the path of a xenon light source, and the emission signal was passed through a 455-nm cut on filter. One syringe was filled with 20 m M MDCC-PBP and 800 m M ATP. A second syringe was filled with 2 m M g complex and 2 m M wt or mutant . A 50- m l from syringe combined and for 1 s. This mixture then combined with a 100 m l-aliquot of 1 m M p/t DNA from the third syringe in fluorescence from 0 to 10 s PNPase
HEAD AND NECK POSTURE IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH CHRONIC NECK PAIN

Neck pain is very common in the general population. Every individual would have experienced neck pain at some point in their life. Some might have had acute and some with chronic. Chronic neck pain affects range of motion and limits the functional capacity of neck. Because of chronic neck pain, neck muscles undergo spasm and gets fatigue soon. This leads to altered head and neck posture. Hence there is a need to find what trait or feature in the chronic neck pain lead to altered posture. Study group consisted of 30 subjects with chronic neck pain and control group with 30 pain free persons in the age group between 20 to 30 years. Spearman correlation revealed that there was a high level of significance between ROM & pain with significance level of 0.05 and between posture & ROM with significance level of 0.01Findings from this study showed that there was a significant difference between chronic neck pain patients and pain free subjects in frontal plane alignment, upper and lower cervical angle. There was a correlation between ROM, posture and pain. Postural changes in the neck need to be considered during therapeutic intervention of patients with chronic neck pain.
CONCEPTS AND METHODS

The mucolipin subgroup of the transient receptor potential superfamily of cation channels (TRPMLs) are evolutionarily conserved non-selective cation channels that function in endolysosomal membranes, and play key roles in the regulation of endocytosis, autophagy, and intracellular trafficking. Mammalian genomes encode three TRPML paralogs – TRPML1, TRPML2, and TRPML3 – that differ in tissue Ion and Molecule Transport in Lysosomes TRPML Subfamily
ELL2 Is Required for the Growth and Survival of AR-Negative Prostate Cancer Cells

Background: Elongation factor for RNA polymerase II 2 (ELL2) was reported as a putative tumor suppressor in the prostate. ELL2 is frequently down-regulated in prostatic adenocarcinoma specimens, and loss of ELL2 induced murine prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and enhanced AR-positive prostate cancer cell proliferation. However, the ELL2 gene appears to be ampli ﬁ ed in AR-negative neuroendocrine prostate tumors, suggesting a potential oncogenic role for ELL2 in AR-negative prostate cancer cells. In this study, we explored the potential function of ELL2 in PC-3 and DU145, two AR-negative prostate cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: The role of ELL2 in PC-3 and DU145 cells was studied using siRNA-mediated ELL2 knockdown. Genes regulated by ELL2 knockdown in PC-3 cells were identi ﬁ ed and analyzed using RNA-Seq and bioinformatics. The expression of representative genes was con ﬁ rmed by Western blot and/or quantitative PCR. Cell growth was determined by BrdU, MTT and colony formation assays. Cell death was analyzed by 7-AAD/Annexin V staining and trypan blue exclusion staining. Cell cycle was determined by PI staining and ﬂ ow cytometry. Results: ELL2 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of PC-3 and DU145 cells. RNA-Seq analysis showed an enrichment in genes associated with cell death and survival following ELL2 knockdown. The interferon- γ pathway was identi ﬁ ed as the top canonical pathway comprising of 55.6% of the genes regulated by ELL2. ELL2 knockdown induced an increase in STAT1 and IRF1 mRNA and an induction of total STAT1 and phosphorylated STAT1 protein. Inhibition of cell proliferation by ELL2 knockdown was partly abrogated by STAT1 knockdown. ELL2 knockdown inhibited colony formation and induced apoptosis in both PC-3 and DU145 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of ELL2 caused S-phase cell cycle arrest, inhibition of CDK2 phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression, and increased expression of cyclin E. Conclusion: ELL2 knockdown in PC-3 and DU145 cells induced S-phase cell cycle arrest and profound apoptosis, which was accompanied by the induction of genes associated with cell death and survival pathways. These observations suggest that ELL2 is a potential oncogenic protein required for survival and proliferation in AR-negative prostate cancer cells.
Anna PASZKIEWICZ-JASIŃSKA, Aleksandra STEINHOFF-WRZEŚNIEWSKA

Grasslands were seen in the past primarily as a source of feed. The important function of grassland, beside the role of feed, consists in their natural value and role in the landscape. The aim of this study was to assess natural and landscape values of the distinguished meadow-pasture communities in Kłodzko. It is located in the south-western part of Poland, within the Sudety chain and is surrounded by mountains that form its natural boundary. The whole area of the county is very diverse in terms of physiogeography and climate what affects its natural and landscape values. The natural value of the seven distinguished plant units: 4 assosciations Angelico-Cirsietum oleracei, Arrhenatheretum elatioris, Lolio-Cynosuretum, FestucoCynosuretum, 3 communities with dominant species Poa pratensis-Festuca rubra, community with Agrostis capillarisFestuca rubra, community with Trisetum flavescens, on subject area was determined on the basis of the species richness represented by the total number of species, the Shannon-Wiener species diversity index H' and the presence of endangered and rare species. These phytocenoses are characterized by a large species richness from 34 to 150 species. The values of the H' index are at an average level and ranged from 2.32 to 2.64. Community with Trisetum flavescens is characterized by the highest diversity index value. The biggest species richness is in the Lolio-Cynosuretum. Among species legally protected are noted in Poland: Carlina acaulis and Colchicum autumnale and near threatened (NT) Geranium sylvaticum. Plant species richness, the high proportion of the color of flowering herbs and weeds and Fabaceae plants flowering in different time of the growing season, affect the aesthetic qualities and the landscape values of the meadow-pasture communities analyzed. Their location in the landscape varied with hills and terrain, enhancing the landscapes of the studied Kłodzko county.
Tropical Rainfall Trends from GPCP Analyses

The monthly and pentad GPCP-precipitation data from 1979 to present are analyzed to obtain trends in the tropical hydrological cycle over the last three decades. Results show that tropical precipitation has intensified in the rising regions of the Walker and Hadley circulations while the relatively dry subsidence regions have become drier. In addition, the precipitation PDF has shown distinct signatures for the tropical oceans and land. The tropical oceans present an artificial shift in PDF toward more heavy rainfall around 1987 due to the inclusion of SSM/I data in the merged product. The tropical land does not show significant shift in PDF due to the contribution of many gauge observations. Trend analysis of the top 10% heavy rainfall in the pentad data shows that tropical oceans present an overall positive trend of 1.17 mm/day/decade for the last three decades after removing the artificial jump in the pre-SSM/I data. Precipitation from tropical land shows large decadal variation and presents a smaller positive trend of 0.68 mm/day/decade. The Tropics as a whole displays a positive trend of 1.03 mm/day/decade in the top 10% heavy rainfall.
Financial Self-Efficacy and the Saving Behavior of Older Pre-Retirees

This study investigates the relationship between financial self-efficacy (FSE) and saving behavior within a sample of 847 U.S. pre-retirees aged 50 to 70 from the Health and Retirement Study. In accordance with the social cognitive theory of self-regulation, results revealed that FSE is positively related to saving behavior after controlling for sociodemographic attributes, financial characteristics, and saving motives. Understanding how FSE contributes to saving behavior is critical as older workers attempt to bridge the retirement saving gap. Financial counselors and planners can help this population save by cultivating and supporting clients’ FSE throughout the financial planning and counseling process.
Uniform Edit Selection for Genetic Improvement: Empirical Analysis of Mutation Operator Efficacy

Genetic improvement (GI) tools find improved program versions by modifying the initial program. These can be used for the purpose of automated program repair (APR). GI uses software transformations, called mutation operators, such as deletions, insertions, and replacements of code fragments. Current edit selection strategies, however, under-explore the search spaces of insertion and replacement operators. Therefore, we implement a uniform strategy based on the relative operator search space sizes. We evaluate it on the QuixBugs repair benchmark and find that the uniform strategy has the potential for improving APR tool performance. We also analyse the efficacy of the different mutation operators with regard to the type of code fragment they are applied to. We find that, for all operators, choosing expression statements as target statements is the most successful for finding program variants with improved or preserved fitness (50.03%, 33.12% and 23.85% for deletions, insertions and replacements, respectively), whereas choosing declaration statements is the least effective (3.16%, 10.82% and 3.14% for deletions, insertions and replacements).
Preparation and characterization of quercetin-polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 spray dried solid dispersion

Context: The use of quercetin as a potential active pharmaceutical ingredient is limited by low aqueous solubility leading to low bioavailability. A spray-dried solid dispersion technique is used to increase the solubility and dissolution profiles of quercetin. Aims: To prepare and characterize quercetin solid dispersion using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K-30. Methods: Solid dispersions (SDs) were prepared by spray drying technique at quercetin/PVP K-30 ratios of 10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60 and 50/50. A physical mixture of quercetin/PVP K-30 (50/50) and pure quercetin were used as comparisons. The SDs were characterized by powder X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, solubility and dissolution studies. The effect of the drug/polymer ratio on the solubility of quercetin was also studied. Results: Quercetin SDs appeared as amorphous form as confirmed by XRD. Quercetin was better dispersed as the drug/polymer ratio decreased. SD with ratio 10/90 showed regular spherical particles in the size range of 0-35 µm. The solubility of quercetin increased with decreasing drug/polymer ratio. Preparation of SDs influence the solubility significantly (p<0.01). The increase in solubility is probably due to a hydrogen bond between quercetin and PVP K30 as confirmed by FTIR spectra. SD with ratio 10/90 showed a high dissolution rate (95.12 ± 1.83%) within 120 min in comparison to pure quercetin (19.37 ± 0.58%) or physical mixture (37.85 ± 0.85%). Conclusions: Preparation of quercetin SDs with PVP K30 by spray drying technique results in amorphous spherical particles. There was an increase in solubility and percent dissolved with a decrease in drug/polymer ratio.
Expedition 379 methods

K. Gohl, J.S. Wellner, A. Klaus, T. Bauersachs, S.M. Bohaty, M. Courtillat, E.A. Cowan, M.A. De Lira Mota, M.S.R. Esteves, J.M. Fegyveresi, T. Frederichs, L. Gao, A.R. Halberstadt, C. -D. Hillenbrand, K. Horikawa, M. Iwai, J.-H. Kim, T.M. King, J.P. Klages, S. Passchier, M.L. Penkrot, J.G. Prebble, W. Rahaman, B.T. I. Reinardy, J. Renaudie, D.E. Robinson, R.P. Scherer, C.S. Siddoway, L. Wu, and M. Yamane2
Performance modelling and validation of palm kernel cracking and separating machine

The main objective of this work is to develop simplified palm kernel cracking and cleaning models for the simulation, design and preliminary evaluation of palm kernel cracking and separation machines. The model equations were developed using empirical data obtained from performance evaluation carried out on a motorized palm kernel cracking and separating machine. The factors investigated were shaft speed, feed rate and moisture content of palm nuts, while cracking efficiency, machine performance efficiency and cleaning efficiency constituted the response variables. The models have been validated using experimental data showing good agreement between experimental and predicted data. Experimental results show that the developed models described the performance parameter of the machine adequately at 95% prediction interval. ANOVA revealed that the main effects of all the factors influence the three responses variables significantly.
DETERMINANTS OF BANK PROFITABILITY: A STUDY ON THE BANKING SECTOR OF BANGLADESH

This paper investigates the impact of bank-specific variables on bank profitability in Bangladesh from 2012-2016. For this purpose, top 15 conventional private commercial banks are selected based on the asset size. The empirical data for these banks are collected from the Annual Reports from 2012 to 2016. The fixed effect model has been used to run the regression analysis among the variables. In case of ROA, two earnings variables (TIN and NII), asset quality (NPL), management efficiency (OPEX), capital strength (CAP), industry impact (SIZE), and asset structure (DPST) have been found to be significant. For ROE, the earnings indicators, capital strength, and industry impact have positive relationship with ROE. Only NPL had a negative relationship with ROE among the statistically significant predicting variables. For NIM, TIN, OPEX, and CAP have a positive relationship whereas NII has negative relationship. The findings of this study can help the banks’ investors, policymakers, management and other stakeholders for decision making and improving the performance of financial institutions in the future.
PERSONAL FACTORS OF GELOTOPHOBIA AS A FORM OF HUMOR RESPONSE INADEQUACY

Анотація. Наведено детальний огляд результатів останніх досліджень, присвячених вивченню гелотофобії. Розглянуто результати перевірки припущення про зумовленість наявності в людини гелотофобії притаманністю їй певних рис, що відрізняються від рис індивідів, які не страждають на гелотофобію. Розширено теоретичні уявлення про психологічний феномен страху стати об’єктом жартів, досі недостатньо емпірично досліджений у вітчизняній психології. Результати проведеного дослідження можуть бути застосовані в практиці психологічного консультування та психотерапії. Ключові слова: гумор, гелотофобія, особистісні риси.
Links between Biomass of (Cremastra Appendiculata) Stems Cuticle and Elevation by Big Data of Long-Time Wild Investigation in Mei County

(Cremastra appendiculata) of treating lumbago and arthritis not only is a vital medicinal material plant, but also it is a widely distributed wide plant species. This plant species is widely distributed elevation from 500m to 3100m in forest landscapes and vegetation ecosystems in Mei County of China. However, understanding dynamics of biomass of stems cuticle of this species is difficult along elevation. This research explained that the links between biomass of stems cuticle of this species and elevation is the significant positive correlation from 500m to 1500m (P<0.01) as well as the links between biomass of stems cuticle of this species and elevation are the significant negative correlation from 1500m to 3100m(P<0.01). This study provides six ecosystem types and a series of areas ecological adaptation for finding new medicinal species. Therefore, this study has vital theoretical and practical significance for medicinal plant protection along elevation.
Topology Optimization of Automotive Body Structures: A review*

This paper reviews and briefly presents some of the pertinent works concerning the application of structural topology optimization techniques in the development of optimal automotive body structures. The survey starts with a brief introduction to the challenges faced by the automotive industry due to higher demands from customers and regulatory legislation. Then the survey presents a brief introduction to the general concept of optimization and narrows down the concept to structural optimization related to the automotive industry today. Thereafter, the three categories of structural optimization, namely, sizing, shape, and topology parameterization are discussed, and a brief formulation of the topology optimization problem presented. Further, applications of optimization, particularly structural topology optimization techniques are presented with short summaries of the referenced papers. The focus here is on the application of topology optimization in the development of new vehicle body structures. Structural topology optimization techniques are increasingly used to develop lightweight body structures during the early stages of the design process. While certain structural optimization techniques such as sizing and shape parameterizations are generally used during the advanced stages of the design process to fine tune the product geometry.
Knowledges, Attitudes and Practices of Diabetic Patients Face to Diabetic Retinopathy in Parakou in 2019

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is one of the main causes of blindness. Preventive measures and screening will reduce its impact. Objective: Study the knowledges, attitudes and practices of diabetic patients about diabetic retinopathy from 03 hospitals in the District of Parakou in 2019. Methods: The study was carried out in 03 hospitals in northern Benin (University and Regional Health Center of Borgou and Alibori, Army Health Center of Parakou, and the Diabetes Center of Benin. This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional prospective study that covered a period of 03 months from 15th May to 20th August, 2019. The sampling method was non-probability. Selection of diabetic patients was exhaustive taking care for the consent of each patient. The aged group was at least 18 years old and above, resident in Parakou and followed up in one of the above heath centers. We enrolled 150 patients after submitted them to some questionnaires. Results: From the total number of 150 patients, 59.33% were male. The mean age was 55.07 ± 11.62 years. The participants were predominantly married (87.33%) and 62% of them were literate. 48% of patients said diabetes mellitus is responsible of eye complications. 52% and 12% of patients reported that balancing blood sugar and normalizing blood pressure, respectively, are preventative factors for diabetic retinopathy. 27.33% of patients reported the need for a regular eye fundus exam. 12.67% of patients have a regular annual eye fundus examination and 56.67% of patients have never had one. Education and gender were associated with level of knowledges; education and low income were associated with level of practices. Conclusion: Reducing the impact of diabetic retinopathy requires better involvement of the diabetic patient, the ophthalmologist, the endocrinologist and the authorities of the Ministry of Health.