Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of On‐ and Off‐Axis Faults and Fissures During Eruption Cycles and Crustal Accretion at 9°50′N, East Pacific Rise

Fissures and faults provide insight into how plate separation is accommodated by magmatism and brittle deformation during crustal accretion. Although fissure and fault geometry can be used to quantify the spreading process at mid‐ocean ridges, accurate measurements are rare due to insufficiently detailed mapping data. Here, fissures and faults at the fast‐spreading 9°50′N segment of the East Pacific Rise were mapped using bathymetric data collected at 1‐m horizontal resolution by autonomous underwater vehicle Sentry. Fault dip estimates from the bathymetric data were calibrated using co‐registered near‐bottom imagery and depth transects acquired by remotely operated vehicle Jason. Fissures are classified as either eruptive or non‐eruptive (i.e., cracks). Tectonic strain estimated from corrected fault heaves suggests that faulting plays a negligible role in the plate separation on crust younger than 72 kyr (<4 km from the ridge axis). Pre‐ and post‐eruption surveys show that most fissures were reactivated during the eruptions in 2005–2006. Variable eruptive fissure geometry could be explained by the frequency with which each fissure is reactivated and partially infilled. Fissure swarms and lava plateaus in low‐relief areas >2 km from the ridge are spatially associated with off‐axis lower‐crustal magma lenses identified in multichannel seismic data. Deep, closely spaced fissures overlie a relatively shallow portion of the axial magma lens. The width of on‐axis fissures and inferred subsurface dike geometry imply a ∼9‐year long diking recurrence interval to fully accommodate plate spreading, which is broadly consistent with cycle intervals obtained from estimates of melt extraction rates, eruption volumes, and spreading rate.
Defending Many Worlds via Case Discrimination: An Attempt to Showcase the Conceptual Incoherence of Anti-Realist Interpretations and Relational Quantum Mechanics

In this work, an alternative attempt to motivate the Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI) is undertaken. The usual way of arguing for MWI mostly revolves around how it might solve the measurement problem in a more straightforward and concise manner than rival interpretations. However, here an effort is made to defend MWI in an indirect manner, namely via repeated case discrimination and a process of ‘conceptual elimination’. That is, it will be argued that its major rivals, with QBism and Relational Quantum-Mechanics being among the most noteworthy ones, either face conceptual incoherence or conceptually collapse into a variant of MWI. Finally, it is argued that hidden-variable theories face severe challenges when being applied to Quantum Field Theory such that appropriate modifications may lead back to MWI, thereby purportedly leaving MWI as the only viable option.
Esports and Olympic Games: a cross-cultural exploration of the player support behaviour towards the Olympics

PurposeDespite the advances in theory and practice about player behaviour in esports gaming literature, there is a lack of understanding as to whether esports are compatible with the values of Olympism and if they should be considered for future Games editions. The current study advances this line of research by examining esports player experiences, their effects on perceiving Olympic values, and the support towards the Olympics in order to verify if differences occur according to the cross-cultural environment.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 671 esports amateur gamers from three countries (Portugal, Brazil and Japan), structural equation models and a multigroup analysis were performed to analyse the differences in the hypothesized paths existing between the groups.FindingsResults reveal that player in-game emotional experiences positively influence Olympic values perception across countries. The excellence and friendship values showed a positive effect on support intentions to the Games towards Portuguese and Brazilian players, while the respect value was the strongest predictor towards behavioural intentions in Japan. Cultural backgrounds and game genre in each country can explain player attitude towards the Olympic values shared on the online environment.Originality/valueThis study is able to provide a better understanding of how the Olympic values serve as a gratification in different cross-cultural environments according to the theory of uses and gratifications (U&G) and the theory of cultural dimensions. Complementarily, these findings can be used as valuable information for esports publishers and developers attempting to spread the Olympic values in the esports industry.
Low cholesterol states: clinical implications and management

ABSTRACT Introduction Hypocholesterolemia results from genetic – both monogenic and polygenic – and non-genetic causes and can sometimes be a source of clinical concern. We review etiologies and sequelae of hypocholesterolemia and therapeutics inspired from genetic hypocholesterolemia. Areas covered Monogenic hypocholesterolemia disorders caused by the complete absence of apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins (abetalipoproteinemia and homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia) or an isolated absence of apo B-48 lipoproteinemia (chylomicron retention disease) lead to clinical sequelae. These include gastrointestinal disturbances and severe vitamin deficiencies that affect multiple body systems, i.e. neurological, musculoskeletal, ophthalmological, and hematological. Monogenic hypocholesterolemia disorders with reduced but not absent levels of apo B lipoproteins have a milder clinical presentation and patients are protected against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Patients with heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia have somewhat increased risk of hepatic disease, while patients with PCSK9 deficiency, ANGPTL3 deficiency, and polygenic hypocholesterolemia typically have anunremarkable clinical presentation. Expert opinion In patients with severe monogenic hypocholesterolemia, early initiation of high-dose vitamin therapy and a low-fat diet are essential for optimal prognosis. The molecular basis of monogenic hypocholesterolemia has inspired novel therapeutics to help patients with the opposite phenotype – i.e. elevated apo B-containing lipoproteins. In particular, inhibitors of PCSK9 and ANGPTL3 show important clinical impact.
Simple Lie Algebras over Fields of Positive Characteristic: I. Structure Theory

The problem of classifying the finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras over fields of characteristic p > 0 is a longstanding one. Work on this question during the last 35 years has been directed by the Kostrikin–Shafarevich Conjecture of 1966, which states that over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 5 a finite-dimensional restricted simple Lie algebra is classical or of Cartan type. This conjecture was proved for p > 7 by Block and Wilson in 1988. The generalization of the Kostrikin–Shafarevich Conjecture for the general case of not necessarily restricted Lie algebras and p > 7 was announced in 1991 by Strade and Wilson and eventually proved by Strade in 1998. The final Block–Wilson–Strade–Premet Classification Theorem is a landmark result of modern mathematics and can be formulated as follows: Every finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 3 is of classical, Cartan, or Melikian type. In the two-volume book, the author is assembling the proof of the Classification Theorem with explanations and references. The goal is a state-of-the-art account on the structure and classification theory of Lie algebras over fields of positive characteristic leading to the forefront of current research in this field. This first volume is devoted to preparing the ground for the classification work to be performed in the second volume. The concise presentation of the general theory underlying the subject matter and the presentation of classification results on a subclass of the simple Lie algebras for all odd primes will make this volume an invaluable source and reference for all research mathematicians and advanced graduate students in algebra.
An Efficient Bio-inspired Routing Scheme for Tactical Ad hoc Networks

Ad hoc networks are temporary networks, created mainly for applications that are infrastructure-less. Such networks and network nodes demand special characteristics like mobile nodes having dynamic topology, wireless medium, heterogeneous deployment environment, and reactive or proactive routing depending on the nature of the network which includes network parameters such as node placement, mobility model, number of participants in the network, patterns of mobility, etc. Due to these characteristics and the mobility of network nodes, the process of routing is quite challenging in the ad hoc environment, especially when the node mobility is high. Bio-inspired routing can be an effective solution to meet all the design requirements and deal with the issues of tactical ad hoc networks. Different types of nature-inspired routing mechanisms are possible to use for tactical networks. This paper proposes the design of a novel Ant Colony Optimization-based routing strategy for ad hoc networks. Ant-based algorithms are dynamic and have adaptive behavior. Hence, they are competent for routing in ad hoc networks. Our proposed routing scheme is evaluated based on the network’s performance by varying different parameters. The performance of our proposed ACO-based routing approach is also compared to some existing ad hoc routing mechanisms. Different metrics in different deployment scenarios that can affect the efficiency of our proposed protocol are taken into consideration to evaluate the performance.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detects Myocardial Abnormalities in Naturally Infected Dogs with Chronic Asymptomatic Chagas Disease

Simple Summary Trypanosoma cruzi infection causes Chagas disease in dogs and people by damaging the heart with inflammation and fibrosis, resulting in heart enlargement, abnormal function, and irregular heart rhythms. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can detect damage to the heart in people with Chagas disease even when other diagnostic tests cannot. The objectives of this study were to describe cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in naturally infected, asymptomatic dogs with chronic Chagas disease and the frequency of abnormalities for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and other diagnostic tests, including cardiac ultrasound, electrocardiography, and the cardiac biomarker troponin I. In 10 chronically infected dogs. Abnormal findings were present most often with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (seven dogs) followed by ultrasound (six dogs), electrocardiography (four dogs), and troponin (one dog). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities included increased fibrosis and abnormal wall motion of the heart. The results of this study suggest cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can provide useful information in dogs with T. cruzi infection and may support naturally infected dogs for future clinical investigation as an animal model for Chagas disease. Abstract Trypanosoma cruzi infection causes inflammation and fibrosis, resulting in cardiac damage in dogs. The objectives of this study were to describe cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in naturally infected dogs with chronic Chagas disease and the frequency of abnormalities for CMR and cardiac diagnostic tests. Ten asymptomatic, client-owned dogs seropositive for T. cruzi were prospectively enrolled in an observational study evaluating echocardiography, ECG (standard and ambulatory), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and CMR. Standard ECG measurements (3/10) and cTnI concentration (1/10) outside the reference range were uncommon. Ambulatory ECG abnormalities were documented more frequently (6/10 dogs) than with standard ECG and included ventricular arrhythmias (4), supraventricular premature beats (3), second-degree atrioventricular block (2), and sinus arrest (1). Echocardiographic abnormalities were documented in 6/10 dogs including mildly increased left ventricular internal dimension in diastole (1) and decreased right ventricular (RV) systolic function based on reductions in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (3) and RV S’ (4). Abnormalities were detected with CMR in 7/10 dogs including delayed myocardial enhancement in 5 of which 2 also had increased extracellular volume, abnormal wall motion in 5, and loss of apical compact myocardium in 1. In conclusion, CMR abnormalities were common, and the results of this study suggest CMR can provide useful information in dogs with T. cruzi infection and may support naturally infected dogs for future clinical investigation as an animal model for Chagas disease.
Serum Metabolomics Combined With 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing to Analyze the Changes of Intestinal Flora in Rats With MI and the Intervention Effect of Fuling-Guizhi

Objective: This research aimed to assess the relationship between intestinal flora and metabolites in rats with myocardial ischemia (MI) and to offer a new perspective to elucidate the pathological mechanisms of MI and Fuling-Guizhi (FLGZ). Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control check (CK), model (MX), propranolol (XDAZ), and FLGZ groups. Metabolomic analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to obtain differential metabolites and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis to obtain differential intestinal flora and perform functional prediction. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to reveal the correlation between different metabolites and altered intestinal flora. Results: By serum metabolomics, 14 different metabolites were identified, mainly involving amino acid, lipid, carbohydrate, and energy metabolic pathways. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis indicated that at the genus level, MI was associated with Phascolarctobacterium, Oscillospira, Allobaculum, and Ruminococcus, involving amino acids, carbohydrates, energy, lipids, cofactors and vitamins, other amino acids, terpenoids, and polyketides metabolism. Correlation analysis showed that ethanolamine, phosphate, L-glutamine, L-threonine, oxalic acid, and linoleic acid were closely associated with Phascolarctobacterium, Oscillospira, Allobaculum, and Ruminococcus. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results tentatively confirm that MI is closely tied to the dysregulation of metabolites and intestinal flora. FLGZ may affect amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, and energy metabolism through Phascolarctobacterium, Oscillospira, Allobaculum, and Ruminococcus to attenuate inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
Rainfall downscaling of weekly ensemble forecasts using self-organising maps

This study presents an application of self-organising maps (SOMs) to downscaling medium-range ensemble forecasts and probabilistic prediction of local precipitation in Japan. SOM was applied to analyse and connect the relationship between atmospheric patterns over Japan and local high-resolution precipitation data. Multiple SOM was simultaneously employed on four variables derived from the JRA-55 reanalysis over the area of study (south-western Japan), and a two-dimensional lattice of weather patterns (WPs) was obtained. Weekly ensemble forecasts can be downscaled to local precipitation using the obtained multiple SOM. The downscaled precipitation is derived by the five SOM lattices based on the WPs of the global model ensemble forecasts for a particular day in 2009–2011. Because this method effectively handles the stochastic uncertainties from the large number of ensemble members, a probabilistic local precipitation is easily and quickly obtained from the ensemble forecasts. This downscaling of ensemble forecasts provides results better than those from a 20-km global spectral model (i.e. capturing the relatively detailed precipitation distribution over the region). To capture the effect of the detailed pattern differences in each SOM node, a statistical model is additionally concreted for each SOM node. The predictability skill of the ensemble forecasts is significantly improved under the neural network-statistics hybrid-downscaling technique, which then brings a much better skill score than the traditional method. It is expected that the results of this study will provide better guidance to the user community and contribute to the future development of dam-management models.
AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor with distributed gate grown on stripe-patterned Si(111) substrate

We have successfully fabricated an AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor with a distributed gate (DG-HEMT) on a stripe-patterned Si substrate. With the help of the stripe pattern, GaN film with low defect density could be deposited by two-step growth. The striped AlGaN/GaN structure could be obtained naturally by stopping the epitaxy process before coalescence. The DG-HEMT fabricated on the striped pattern layout shows good performance. The output characteristics were enhanced from 297 to 337 mA/mm, because the high quality of GaN grown on the patterned substrate can reduce the number of defects. In addition, the drain current was not decreased because the heat problem was reduced in the DG structure.
The Exploitation of Genetic Variability and Trait Association Analysis for Diverse Quantitative Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The present investigation was conducted using 102 wheat genotypes at Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Gwalior during Rabi 2018-2019 in randomized block design with two replications. A set of 102 wheat genotype were used to estimate genetic variability, correlation coefficients and path coefficients for fourteen yield and its accrediting attributes. A wide range of variation was observed for important yield components. GCV and PCV was recorded highest for biological yield/plant. High heritability accompanied with higher genetic advance for numbers of productive tillers/plants, spike length, weight of spike, numbers of grains/spike, weight of grains/spike, biological yield/plant, grain yield/plant, harvest index and test weight. Genotypic correlation coefficients were found to be higher in magnitude than that of phenotypic correlation coefficients for most of the traits under investigation, which clearly indicated the presence of inherent association among various characters. The genotypic correlation analysis in the present study observed significant positive association for grain yield with five yield contributing characters viz., numbers of productive tillers/plant, biological yield/plant, weight of grains/spike, weight of spike and numbers of grain/spike. Thus, selection for these characters would be directly follow the immediate improvement of the grain yield for wheat crop. Analysis of phenotypic path coefficient for various traits on grain yield disclosed highest positive direct effect on grain yield for numbers of productive tillers/plant tracked by biological yield/plant, weight of grains/spike, test weight, harvest index, numbers of grains/spike and numbers of spikelets/spike. Whilst, highest positive indirect effect on grain yield was documented for biological yield per plant via numbers of productive tillers/plants. Henceforward, these traits must be given weightage in selection for the improvement of wheat in future breeding programmes.
Role of epithelial cell-mesenchymal transition regulators in molecular typing and prognosis of colon cancer

Background Despite advances in colon cancer screening, diagnosis, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, the prognosis remains poor once colon cancer develops distant metastasis or local recurrence. To further improve the prognosis of colon cancer patients, researchers or clinicians may need to identify new indicators for predicting the prognosis and treatment of colon cancer. Methods In order to discover the new mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promoting tumor progression and to find new indicators of colon cancer diagnosis, targeted therapy and prognosis, this study conducted The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis, differential gene analysis, prognostic analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI), enrichment analysis, molecular typing, and a machine algorithm were combined with data from TCGA and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and EMT-related genes. Results Our study identified 22 EMT-related genes with clinical prognostic value in colon cancer. On the basis of 22 EMT-related genes, we divided colon cancer into 2 different molecular subtypes by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) model using 14 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the DEGs were enriched in multiple signaling pathways related to tumor metastasis process. Further analysis of EMT DEGs revealed that the PCOLCE2 and CXCL1 genes were characteristic genes for clinical prognosis of colon cancer. Conclusions In this study, 22 prognostic genes were screened out from 200 EMT-related genes, and then the PCOLCE2 and CXCL1 molecules were finally focused on through the combination of the NMF molecular typing model and machine learning screening feature genes, suggesting that PCOLCE2 and CXCL1 may have good application potential. The findings provide a theoretical basis for the next clinical transformation in the treatment of colon cancer.
Substitution Method for the Analysis of Systems Based on Two Nonlinear Resonators

Circuits containing two nonlinear resonators have recently been proposed for nonreciprocal isolators, robust wireless power transfer, and sensors. A fundamental characteristic is the presence of hysteresis, associated with points of infinite slope in the solution curves. However, the prediction of hysteresis in the presence of the two distinct resonators is not possible in default harmonic balance (HB) and the additional use of continuation techniques may not be exhaustive enough. Here, we present a novel substitution method, based on the use of two auxiliary generators (AGs), that enables the system control through a single excitation voltage. A simple condition is also provided to obtain all the existing loci of infinite-slope points. The methods, which are compatible with commercial HB, will be illustrated through their application to a Lorentzian–Fano nonlinear isolator.
Digital competency as a key to the financial inclusion of young people in complex scenarios: A focus groups study

Young people's financial and digital literacy have been studied independently and in-depth during the last decades. However, digital financial literacy as a compound concept is novel and still needs to be explored in the scientific literature. This work investigated young people's perception of their digital financial culture, identified factors that hinder or facilitate it, and explored their preferences in the training modalities for improvement. Twenty-two focus groups were carried out in different Mexican educational institutions based on diversity criteria. The evidence shows that: (1) young people perceive the need for digital financial education linked mainly to the understanding of critical concepts, the use of mobile applications, online financial operations, and digital financial security; (2) some voluntarily exclude themselves from online finance, this being one of the main obstacles in the development of digital financial culture; (3) the digital financial culture gap is accentuated more among young people in public educational institutions and upper secondary education; (4) they have a preference for emerging technological and digital resources for their training in digital finance. These findings make it possible to contextualize training proposals that favor the financial inclusion of young people in complex scenarios brought about by the digital transformation of the economy and society.