Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Sectional Study Using STROBE Platform to Examine Sleep Characteristics, Mental Health and Academic Performance of Female Applied Medical Sciences Students in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia

Background: Medical students are expected to excel in their academics. Hence exposing them to a certain amount of strain may sometimes cause sleep disruptions. The purpose of this study was to determine the sleep quality among Saudi Applied Medical Sciences students and its potential connections with their academic performance and mental health. Methods: This online cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted at Jazan University’s College of Applied Medical Sciences in Saudi Arabia. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), a known indicator of sleep quality, a validated mental health measure; Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), and Academic Performance Scale (APS) with 89 internal consistencies were included in the questionnaire. The cumulative grade point average (GPA) was also used as a covariate to evaluate students’ academic success. Results: 112 people responded (response rate = 93%), and 105 of them presented comprehensive information about their backgrounds, way of life, academic standing, sleep patterns, and mental health. Participants’ average GPA and APS scores were 4.23 ± 0.52 and 33.16 ± 5.63, respectively. The mean global PSQI score was 6.47 with 2.34 of standard deviation (SD). The majority of individuals (60%) had poor sleep quality particularly due to abnormal sleep latency and lesser sleep duration, as determined by their PSQI score. The prevalence rates for depression, anxiety, and stress were higher; 53%, 54% and 40%, respectively. Both depression and anxiety were substantially correlated with poor sleep quality (p-value = 0.008, p-value = 0.01, respectively). Sleep quality had no significant effect on GPA while global PSQI and depression were significantly negatively correlated with an APS score of participants (p-value = 0.007 and 0.015, respectively). Conclusions: Higher rates of poor sleep quality and psychologically negative emotions were prevalent. Unhealthy sleep patterns were linked to increased levels of anxiety and depression. Self-perceived academic performance was negatively impacted by inadequate sleep and negative emotions, despite the fact that the GPA results were unaffected.
Approximate Methods for Predicting Separation Properties of Laminar Boundary Layers

Some new solutions for steady incompressible laminar boundary layer flow, obtained by Gortler, have been used to test the accuracy of two methods which are commonly used to predict separation. A modification of Stratford's criterion for separation is given in this paper and is probably the most accurate and the simplest of all methods at present in use. Modified numerical functions are also given for Thwaites's method of predicting the main characteristics of the boundary layer over the whole surface, which improve the accuracy of the method.
Maximum principles for backward doubly stochastic systems with jumps and applications

We investigate the optimality conditions for stochastic control problems of backward doubly stochastic systems with jumps. Necessary and sufficient optimality conditions, where the control domains are convex and the control is allowed to enter into all the coefficients, are proved. The results are stated in the local form of stochastic maximum principle, as well as in the global form. Applying the stochastic maximum principles to doubly stochastic linear quadratic control problems, we obtain the unique optimal control. An example is given to illustrate the theoretical results.
The effect of co-supplementation of fish oil and vitamin E on reproductive performance and metabolic profile during the transitional period in dairy cows

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of oral supplementation of dairy cows with a combination of fish oil and vitamin E (Vit E) from approximately 7 days (d) before the expected calving date up to 21 days postpartum, on their reproductive performance and metabolic profile. Eighty Holstein multiparous cows were randomly assigned into one of two ration groups during the transitional period. The treatment group cows (n=40) received a transitional diet (pre-and post-partum based on the NRC 2001) supplemented with fish oil (FO, 100 g/ once per day +Vit E (8000IU/kg/d); and the control cows (n=40) received the same concentrate without FO. Blood samples were collected at 1 week before the expected calving date, and 1, 2 and 3 weeks postpartum. After a voluntary waiting period, all cows received timed artificial insemination (TAI) at 76-81 days in milk (DIM) following the PresynchOvSynch protocol. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30-40 days after TAI using a transrectal ultrasonography. Our results showed that the cows fed the FO+Vit E diet had a statistically higher first service pregnancy rate (46.3 % vs. 39.6%, P<0.001) at 30-40 days after TAI than those fed the control diet. Also, cows that consumed the FO+Vit E treatment diet had lower late embryo loss at 40-70 days post insemination than the control. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides (d7, 14, and 21), cholesterol (d7 and 14), glucose (d14), insulin (d-7) progesterone (d14 and 21) in the treatment group were higher (P<0.05) compared to the cows fed control diets. Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments pre-partum, while β –hydroxybutirate acids (BHBA) levels on day 21 (P<0.05) were higher in the control group. The results indicated that supplementation of the diet with fatty acid and high doses of vitamin E could improve reproductive performance in dairy cattle.
The Effect of Farlek Training on Increasing VO 2 Max of Badminton Athletes

This study aims to determine the effect of farlek training on increasing VO 2 Max of badminton athletes. This study used an experimental method with a one group pretest-postest research design). The population in this study were 25 Makassar badminton athletes. The sample in this study were 25 Makassar badminton athletes with total sampling. Data collection techniques carried out VO 2 Max measurements with measuring instruments Yo-yo intermittent recovery test. The data analysis technique used is using SPSS 23 software to test the Paired sample test. The results showed that there was an increase from farlek training to an increase in VO 2 Max of badminton athletes with a value of 0.00 < 0.05
Generalized eigenfunctions of interval exchange maps

Let f be a generalized eigenfunction of an interval exchange transformation, T, on the unit interval, which satisfies the infinite distinct orbit condition (IDOC). We assume that the minimum spacing, $\epsilon_n(T)$, of the partition defined by Tn is of the order 1/n for infinitely many n. This assumption is generic. Given $\delta>0$ we prove that for sufficiently large n and for every interval J satisfying $\vert J \vert =\epsilon_n(T)$, there exists $x_0 \in J$ such that \[\vert \{ x \in J : \vert f(x) - f(x_0) \vert \geq \delta \} \vert< \delta \vert J \vert. \] This provides a specific sufficient generic diophantine condition for Veech's result [V2, Lemma 7.3]. Above $\vert \cdot\vert$ denotes the linear measure of the set. Moreover, if T is uniquely ergodic, then any bounded variation continuous f must be of the form $f(x)= \gamma \exp(2 \pi iax)$ almost everywhere, where $\gamma \in \mathbb{C}$ and $a \in \mathbb{R}$.
Racial resentment and support for COVID-19 travel bans in the United States

Travel bans were a globally prevalent policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the United States, travel bans against China and European countries proved a broadly popular mitigation tool among Americans. Why did Americans support COVID-19 travel bans? We fielded two novel survey experiments, surveying 3000 American citizens across five waves (between March 2020 and March 2021). In randomizing the country of origin of those potentially subject to travel ban measures, we find consistent evidence that racial attitudes drive support for travel bans. The strength of this relationship varies across political parties and across hypothetical target countries but is not explained by objective caseloads that change across countries and over the course of the pandemic.
Anaesthetic induction with alfaxalone in Jungle Carpet Python (Morelia Spilota Cheynei)

The aim of this investigation was to assess the clinical use of alfaxalone as a short-acting anaesthetic agent for induction to inhalation anaesthesia in jungle carpet pythons (Morelia spilota cheynei). Ten healthy, captive, sub-adult jungle carpet pythons (1.1±0.32 kg bw) were anaesthetised using a dose of 10mg/kg of alfaxalone, administered intravenously to the ventral tail vein. Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were recorded before administration (T0), and every 5 minutes until the snakes fully recovered from the anaesthesia. The induction time, time of tail-pinch reflex loss, tracheal tube insertion time, interval of deep anaesthesia, and the time of full recovery were recorded. The induction time occurred within 3.1±0.8 minutes. The tail-pinch reflex loss was lost within 5.6±0.7 minutes. The mean tracheal tube insertion time, the interval of deep anaesthesia, and the time of full recovery were 6.9±0.9 minutes, 18.8±4.7 minutes, and 36.7±11.4 minutes, respectively. A prolonged time of full recovery was recorded in two snakes (61.3 and 62.6 minutes, respectively). Their mean heart rate was statistically higher (P<0.05) at T5, T15 and T20 when compared with the basal HR at T0. The respiratory rate of the snakes dropped at T5 and was statistically lower (P<0.05) from T5 until T20 when compared with RR at all other time points. In two snakes apnoea was recorded at T5. Intravenous administration of alfaxalone proved to be a valuable method of induction, suitable for a subsequent inhalation anaesthesia in jungle carpet pythons.
Experimental Evaluation of Vibrational Stability of SOPs in Aerospace Industry Using PCB Strain Effectiveness of a PCB-Strain-Based Design Methodology

Steinberg’s theory, which is based on the fatigue failure theory, has been widely used for predicting the structural safety of solder joints in aerospace electronic units under vibration during launches. However, theoretical limitations are encountered when evaluating the structural safety of highly integrated electronic packages mounted on printed circuit boards (PCBs) under various boundary conditions. Therefore, in our previous study, a PCB-strain-based methodology was proposed to overcome the technical limitations of the conventional Steinberg theory, and its effectiveness was validated by conducting fatigue life tests on various types of specimens, such as the ball grid array, column grid array, and quad flat package. In this study, the aim was to increase its completeness and reliability by targeting small outline packages (SOPs) that have not yet been considered. The finite element (FE) model of the SOP was proposed to guarantee the reliable prediction of the structural safety of the solder joints used in the PCB-strain-based methodology. The proposed modeling technique contributes to enable the rapid construction of an FE model for the electronic unit because it was greatly simplified into a zero-dimensional lumped mass and rigid link element to simulate the package mass and solder joint, respectively. The effectiveness of the methodology was validated by performing fatigue life tests on PCB specimens under various boundary conditions. Those experimental and analytical results indicated that the proposed methodology was much more effective in predicting the structural safety of a solder joint for various cases of tested specimens compared with the Steinberg’s theory. The simplified FE model of SOP with the rigid link element connected to six points on the package mounting area of the PCB was effective for estimating margin of safety of solder joint. The results of this study would contribute to increase the availability of the proposed methodology for rapid mechanical design of electronic units in aerospace industries.
Preterm Birth Among Intrapartum Cesarean Deliveries at Public Hospitals in Southern Ethiopia: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors

Purpose Although the underlying causes for preterm birth are thought to be multifactorial irrespective of delivery mode, no study investigated its risk factors amongst cesarean deliveries (CD). Thus, we aimed to identify potential risk factors for the occurrence of preterm birth (PTB) among intrapartum CD. Methods Data from 1659 singleton intrapartum CDs were retrospectively recruited using medical records and an obstetric database. Gestational age was calculated using the last menstrual period (LMP) and ultrasound report of early onset pregnancy. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify potential risk factors associated with PTB. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. Results In this study, the prevalence of PTB among intrapartum CD was 6.1% (95% CI: 4.9, 7.2%). In the multivariable logistic regression model; grand parity ≥5 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.72–4.73), maternal age <20 years (AOR=2.63, 95% CI, 1.03–6.71), maternal age ≥35 years (AOR=3.83, 95% CI, 1.49–5.35), cesarean section scar ≥2 (AOR=4.86, 95% CI: 2.68–8.94), antepartum hemorrhage (AOR=4.37, 95% CI: 2.22–8.63), pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.41–6.04), and premature rupture of membranes (AOR=4.56; 95% CI: 1.95–10.65) were significantly associated with PTB. Conclusion The current study showed an association between PTB and a multitude of obstetric variables, including grand parity ≥5, CS scar ≥2, antepartum hemorrhage, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and premature rupture of the membrane. Understanding these factors could help to implement improved quality of obstetric and neonatal care to increase survival and reduce morbidity among preterm birth.
Exploring the Influence of Countries’ Economic Conditions on Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) Participation: A Study of 3.5 Million MITx Learners

It is well known that there are disparities in access to education around the world, with developed countries generally having better educational resources and opportunities compared to developing countries. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have been proposed as a way to bridge this gap by providing free or low-cost online education to anyone with an Internet connection. This study aimed to better understand the effects of location, both country and region, on the use of MOOCs, using data from 3.5 million learners who registered for MOOCs offered by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The data set provided a broad picture of how MOOCs are being used around the globe. The results of the study indicated significant differences in the use of MOOCs among students from different countries and their corresponding economic levels. In order to address these differences and improve access to education through MOOCs, the study suggested several actions that could be taken. These include providing better infrastructure and support for MOOC learners in developing countries, increasing awareness of and access to MOOCs in these regions, and working to improve the quality and relevance of MOOC offerings. Overall, the study highlighted the potential of MOOCs to bridge the educational gap between developed and developing countries, but also emphasized the need for continued efforts to remove barriers and improve access to these resources.
Development of Learning Management System-Based Teaching Materials to Increase Students' Learning Independence

This research aims to develop appropriate teaching materials for the Vocational Fundamentals subject in Class X using the Learning Management System (LMS), with the primary goal of enhancing students' learning independence. Additionally, the effectiveness of using LMS-based teaching materials in promoting learning independence within the Computer Network and Telecommunications Engineering (TJKT) competency program is examined. The research follows a Research and Development (R&D) approach, utilizing the ADDIE development model, which consists of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. These stages provide a systematic and effective framework for developing LMS-based teaching materials. The participants in this study include teachers and students from SMKN 1, SMKN 3, and SMKN 6 in Bengkulu City. Data collection methods include expert assessments, learner independence questionnaires, and tests. The collected data will be analyzed using statistical techniques such as mean and t-tests, while expert validation will employ a Likert scale. The research findings indicate that the teaching materials developed in this study are suitable for students, and the utilization of LMS-based teaching materials has proven to enhance learner independence.
Beliefs that provide a foundation for heuristics and biases in financial decision-making

Heuristics and biases are the result of intuitive thinking, which is shaped starting from intuitions, feelings, and impressions, which later emerge as beliefs once processed through analytical thinking. In this study, we examine beliefs that provide a foundation for heuristics and biases in financial decision-making through in-depth interviews with 31 upper-class Mexican emerging adults. We found feelings of mistrust that provide a foundation for foreign bias, non-herding behavior and reliance on professional advice, as well as lower-risk investing beliefs that then drive sustainable investing. We also found reflection that their money, in light of their narrative is either saved or invested regardless of its source and that lenders were framed as investors to avoid the shame they associate with borrowing. Implications for future research, educational interventions and providers of financial services are discussed.
Nisnevich descent for K -theory of Deligne-Mumford stacks

We show localization, excision and descent theorems for K -theory of Deligne-Mumford stacks. Our approach employs the Nisnevich site which is a complete, regular and bounded cd -structure on the category of such stacks and restricts to the usual Nisnevich site on schemes. By combining excision with a refinement of localization sequences due to Krishna and Toen, we show that K -theory of perfect complexes on tame Deligne-Mumford stacks satisfies Nisnevich descent.
An Optimal Shaped Sensor Array Derivation

In Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) applications, the Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation of Guided Waves (GW) on sensor arrays is often used as a fundamental means to locate Acoustic Sources (AS) generated by damages growth or undesired impacts in thin-wall structures (e.g., plates or shells). In this paper, we consider the problem of designing the arrangement and shape of piezo-sensors in planar clusters in order to optimize the DoA estimation performance in noise-affected measurements. We assume that: (i) the wave propagation velocity is unknown, (ii) the DoA is estimated via the time delays of wavefronts between sensors, and (iii) the maximum value of the time delays is limited. The optimality criterion is derived basing on the Theory of Measurements. The sensor array design is so that the DoA variance is minimized in an average sense by exploiting the Calculus of Variations. In this way, considering a three-sensor cluster and a monitored angles sector of 90°, the optimal time delays–DoA relations are derived. A suitable re-shaping procedure is used to impose such relations and, at the same time, to induce the same spatial filtering effect between sensors so that the sensor acquired signals are equal except for a time-shift. In order to achieve the last aim, the sensors shape is realized by exploiting a technique called Error Diffusion, which is able to emulate piezo-load functions with continuously modulated values. In this way, the Shaped Sensors Optimal Cluster (SS-OC) is derived. A numerical assessment via Green’s functions simulations shows improved performance in DoA estimation by means of the SS-OC when compared to clusters realized with conventional piezo-disk transducers.
Independent and Combined Associations of Sleep Duration, Bedtime, and Polygenic Risk Score with the Risk of Hearing Loss among Middle-Aged and Old Chinese: The Dongfeng–Tongji Cohort Study

Evidence available on the independent and combined associations of sleep duration, bedtime, and genetic predisposition with hearing loss was lacking. The present study included 15,827 participants from the Dongfeng–Tongji cohort study. Genetic risk was characterized by polygenic risk score (PRS) based on 37 genetic loci related to hearing loss. We conducted multivariate logistic regression models to assess the odds ratio (OR) for hearing loss with sleep duration and bedtime, as well as the joint association and interaction with PRS. Results showed that hearing loss was independently associated with sleeping ≥9 h/night compared to the recommended 7 to <8 h/night, and with bedtime ≤9:00 p.m. and >9:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. compared to those with bedtime >10:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. , with estimated ORs of 1.25, 1.27, and 1.16, respectively. Meanwhile, the risk of hearing loss increased by 29% for each 5-risk allele increment of PRS. More importantly, joint analyses showed that the risk of hearing loss was 2-fold in sleep duration ≥9 h/night and high PRS, and 2.18-fold in bedtime ≤9:00 p.m. and high PRS. With significant joint effects of sleep duration and bedtime on hearing loss, we found an interaction of sleep duration with PRS in those with early bedtime and an interaction of bedtime with PRS in those with long sleep duration on hearing loss (Pint <0.05), and such relationships were more evident in high PRS. Similarly, the above relationships were also observed for age-related hearing loss and noise-induced hearing loss, particularly the latter. In addition, age-modified effects of sleep patterns on hearing loss were likewise observed, with stronger estimation among those aged <65 years. Accordingly, longer sleep duration, early bedtime, and high PRS were independently and jointly related to increased risk of hearing loss, suggesting the importance of considering both genetics and sleep pattern for risk assessment of hearing loss.
Effect of Cadmium on the Developmental Instability of <i>Anabas testudineus</i> through Evaluation of Fluctuating Asymmetry of Eye Diameter

Biomonitoring using fish has been a popular method of assessing the toxic effects of cadmium concentrations of cadmium in water bodies and has led to bioaccumulation in fish contributing to various morphological alterations. Among the known effects of these alterations is developmental instability via fluctuating asymmetry (FA). The utilization of FA data is a simple yet effec-tive method to evaluate the toxic effects of cadmium on the stability of development. This study used climbing perch (Anabas testudieneus) to assess the FA in the diameter of the eye because of low-level cadmium exposure. The left and right sides of the traits were measured once every four weeks for 16 weeks. The average measurements from both sides of the traits were used to calculate the FA value. Results found that the highest mean FA for the diameter of the eye was obtained in the highest treatment group, 0.015 mg/L. The results also indicate that increasing concentrations of cadmium exposure had a statistically significant effect on the FA of eye diameter. There was also a statistically significant interaction between the duration of exposure and treatment groups in FA of the diameter of the eye. The results from the study indicate that prolonged exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of cadmium can cause significant effects on the normal development of eyes in Anabas testudineus. This study can add to the body of research regarding fluctuating asymmetry as a tool to study developmental toxicants and assess other bilateral organs.