Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Choosing Predominantly Black Magnet Schools: The Importance of School Racial Composition in Parental Decision-Making

ABSTRACT Does school racial composition influence where parents choose to send their children to school? This paper contributes to the literature on school racial composition and parental choice by examining the reasons parents give for enrolling their children in predominantly Black magnet schools. We use data from a survey of parental school decision-making that was administered in one countywide, Southeastern school district in the 2002–03 school year. The survey data was collected a few years after the district’s release from its court desegregation order as Black students comprised an increasing share of magnet school enrollments. As such, we are able to assess parental decision-making at a critical time point in which school racial composition may have been an especially prevalent factor in where parents were choosing to enroll their children. We find that parents of White children only mentioned school academic quality in their discussions of magnet school choice. In contrast, parents of Black children mentioned that the joint combination of academic quality and racial composition of magnet schools was important in their school selection process. Specifically, Black parents expressed that the predominantly Black and high-achieving school environment of magnet schools provided their child with the opportunity to succeed academically among students of a similar racial background while experiencing less race-based discrimination and comparisons.
Small-molecule inhibitors of the PDZ domain of Dishevelled proteins interrupt Wnt signalling

Abstract Dishevelled (Dvl) proteins are important regulators of the Wnt signalling pathway, interacting through their PDZ domains with the Wnt receptor Frizzled. Blocking the Dvl PDZ–Frizzled interaction represents a potential approach for cancer treatment, which stimulated the identification of small-molecule inhibitors, among them the anti-inflammatory drug Sulindac and Ky-02327. Aiming to develop tighter binding compounds without side effects, we investigated structure–activity relationships of sulfonamides. X-ray crystallography showed high complementarity of anthranilic acid derivatives in the GLGF loop cavity and space for ligand growth towards the PDZ surface. Our best binding compound inhibits Wnt signalling in a dose-dependent manner as demonstrated by TOP-GFP assays (IC 50∼50 µM ) and Western blotting of β -catenin levels. Real-time PCR showed reduction in the expression of Wnt-specific genes. Our compound interacted with Dvl-1 PDZ (K D=2.4 µM ) stronger than Ky-02327 and may be developed into a lead compound interfering with the Wnt pathway.
Management of Abdominal Tuberculosis in a Community-Based Hospital From a High-Income Developing Country

Background: The delayed diagnosis and management of abdominal tuberculosis increases its mortality. We aimed to study the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of patients who had abdominal tuberculosis and treated at Al-Ain Hospital, Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates.Methods: All patients who had abdominal tuberculosis and treated at Al-Ain Hospital between January 2011 and December 2018 were studied. Data were collected retrospectively using a structured protocol including demography, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, management, and outcome. Results: Twenty-four patients having a median age of 30 years were studied with an incidence of 0.6/100,000 population. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (95.8%) and malaise (79.2%). Fever was present only in nine patients (37.5%). Laboratory investigations, except the polymerase chain reaction immunoassay, were not helpful. Chest X-ray was abnormal in three patients (12.5%). Ultrasound and abdominal CT scan were nonspecific. Thirteen patients needed surgical intervention for diagnosis or therapy. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in 15 patients (62.5%), immunological assays in 7 patients (29.2%), microbiological culture in one patient (4%), and therapeutic trial in one patient (4%). The most common type of abdominal tuberculosis was gastrointestinal in 13 patients (54.2%) followed by free wet peritonitis in five patients (20.8%). All patients had quadruple anti-tuberculous therapy for a minimum of six months. The median hospital stay was 6.5 days. None of our patients died. Conclusions: Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis remains challenging despite advancements in medical technology and diagnostic tools. The low percentage for the need for diagnostic therapy in our study supports the benefit of PCR assay. Surgery was mainly indicated as the last option to reach the diagnosis or to treat complications.
Nematode Community-Based Soil Food Web Analysis of Ferralsol, Lithosol and Nitosol Soil Groups in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi Reveals Distinct Soil Health Degradations

Determining if the vast soil health degradations across the seven major soil groups (orders) of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) can be managed on the basis of a one-size-fits-all or location-specific approach is limited by a lack of soil group-based understanding of soil health degradations. We used the relationship between changes in nematode population dynamics relative to food and reproduction (enrichment, EI) and resistance to disturbance (structure, SI) indices to characterize the soil food web (SFW) and soil health conditions of Ferralsol, Lithosol and Nitosol soil groups in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi. We applied bivariate correlations of EI, SI, soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and texture (sand, silt and clay) to identify integrated indicator parameters, and principal component analysis (PCA) to determine how all measured parameters, soil groups, and countries align. A total of 512 georeferenced soil samples from disturbed (agricultural) and undisturbed (natural vegetation) landscapes were analyzed. Nematode trophic group abundance was low and varied by soil group, landscape and country. The resource-limited and degraded SFW conditions separated by soil groups and by country. EI and SI correlation with SOC varied by landscape, soil group or country. PCA alignment showed separation of soil groups within and across countries. The study developed the first biophysicochemical proof-of-concept that the soil groups need to be treated separately when formulating scalable soil health management strategies in SSA.
Cross-Cultural Validation of A Revised Environmental Identity Scale

The environmental identity (EID) scale, first published in 2003, was developed to measure individual differences in a stable sense of interdependence and connectedness with nature. Since then, it has been reliably correlated with measures of environmental behavior and concern. However, the original scale was developed based on U.S. college students, raising questions about its validity for other types of populations. This study revised the EID scale and tested it in five countries (four continents) with a total sample size of 1717 participants. Results support strong internal consistency across all locations. Importantly, EID was significantly correlated with behavior and with environmental concern. This research gives us greater confidence that the EID construct is meaningful across different cultural contexts. Because the revised EID was designed to be relevant to a wider range of people and experiences, it is recommended as a replacement for the 2003 version.
Preparation of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) films with different top and bottom surface parts via solution cast method using decahydronaphthalene as the diluent

ABSTRACT iPP films with different top and bottom surface parts were prepared via solution cast method. The structure and mechanism of iPP films prepared using this method were analyzed. When the evaporation temperature was not enough to form a homogeneous film, a top surface part was formed due to thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and the crystallization, a bottom surface part was created due to the adsorption of carrier and both these parts were temperature sensitive. When the evaporation temperature was 60°C, particles with lotus leaf structure appeared in the top surface part, resulting in a quasi superhydrophobic surface. Graphical abstract
Bio‐ and oxo‐degradable plastics: Insights on facts and challenges

The global accumulation of single-use plastic bags made from nonbiodegradable plastics is the most concerning environmental issue nowadays. The utilization of biode-gradable materials is a choice to reduce the environmental impact resulting from the use of plastic products. The utilization of renewable resources to produce fully biode-gradable plastics is among the technologies used to overcome petroleum plastic's negative impact. On the other hand, the utilization of oxo-biodegradable plastics where prodegradant additives are incorporated in conventional plastics to promote their degradation under certain conditions has recently received much attention. This review discusses the types and challenges that face the implementation of biode-gradable plastics technology that uses renewable resources. This review also covers the debate addressed in the literature about the biodegradability fate of oxo-biodegradable plastic in the air, compost, soil, landfill, and marine. A comparative study included the potential published literature in the last 10 years was performed. Based on the discussed evidence in this review, it can be concluded that all literature agrees that the addition of pro-oxidant/prodegradants can accelerate the degradation of oxo-plastics to small fragments. However, the complete biodegradation of oxo-plastics by microorganisms remains in doubt. On the other hand, biopolymers produced from natural resources seem to be the future direction for plastics manufacturing especially single-use plastic bags.
Compliance or non‐compliance during financial crisis: Does it matter?

This paper investigates whether shareholder value is affected by non‐compliance with the prescriptions of a principle‐based ‘comply or explain’ system of corporate governance in the context of the global financial crisis of 2007–2009. Using System Generalized Method of Moments estimates to control for different types of endogeneity, the main findings of this paper suggest that non‐compliance with the UK Corporate Governance Code adversely affects shareholder value. Furthermore, ex‐post estimates reveal that compliance with certain corporate governance mechanisms is more beneficial than others. With regard to this, compliance with provisions related to board independence is more important than complying with performance‐related pay requirements of the code. These findings have implications for policy makers and financial institutions regarding the usefulness of compliance with a prescribed code of corporate governance, specifically during periods of financial distress.
Shared Leadership, Unshared Burdens: How Shared Leadership Structure Schema Lowers Individual Enjoyment Without Increasing Performance

Despite the growing popularity of shared leadership, there is little research on how beliefs about the benefits of shared leadership—a shared leadership structure schema (LSS)—affect individual outcomes. We address this by integrating adaptive leadership and conservation of resources theories. We apply adaptive leadership theory to hypothesize that a shared LSS leads individuals to support shared leadership by interacting more frequently and taking on interpersonal responsibility, especially when low peer engagement signals a leadership void that shared LSS members try to fill. However, adaptive leadership theory does not discuss how the tendencies motivated by shared LSS impacts members’ outcome. Therefore, we apply conservation of resources theory to hypothesize that taking on interpersonal responsibility makes frequent interactions more stressful, thereby harming individual enjoyment. Further, the demands of interpersonal responsibility reduce members’ ability to process the information acquired in interactions, which negates interaction frequency’s usual performance benefits. Together, these theories suggest that, especially when peer engagement is low, shared LSS has a negative indirect effect on enjoyment and an attenuating effect on performance through interaction frequency due to shared LSS members taking on interpersonal responsibility. We test our model using five waves of multisource data on student consulting teams. Our results extend understanding of shared LSS’s consequences to the individual level and highlight potential costs of supporting shared leadership.
The Relationship Between Cognitive and Affective Dimensions of Reading Self-Concept With Reading Achievement in English and Russian

This study aimed to evaluate whether cognitive and affective dimensions of reading self-concepts in English and Russian are distinct constructs and to examine whether the relationships among cognitive and affective variables are invariant across gender. A total of 349 tenth-grade Azeri students were selected from 12 schools in Baku, Azerbaijan. This study adapted the Self-Description Questionnaire and Cényelvi mérés for assessment of reading self-concepts and achievements in two foreign languages. The results of structural equation modeling demonstrated that cognitive and affective self-concepts were independent, but strongly interrelated constructs. The separated components of the reading self-concept construct showed a more explicit structure than a conflated model. The relationships among cognitive and affective self-concepts with achievements in the reading domain were invariant across gender. The results of this study can encourage future research on the examination of more domain-specific self-concepts that conceptualizes twofold multidimensional structure.
On Subspace-recurrent Operators

In this article, subspace-recurrent operators are presented and it is showed that the set of subspace-transitive operators is a strict subset of the set of subspace-recurrent operators. We demonstrate that despite subspace-transitive operators and subspace-hypercyclic operators, subspace-recurrent operators exist on finite dimensional spaces. We establish that operators that have a dense set of periodic points are subspace-recurrent. Especially, if T is an invertible chaotic or an invertible subspace-chaotic operator, then T, T−n and λT are subspace-recurrent for any positive integer n and any scalar λ with absolute value 1. Also, we state a subspace-recurrence criterion.
Meta-analysis of Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with Acinetobacter Baumannii Bloodstream Infection

Background: Patients with Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infection (ABBI) have a poor prognosis and high mortality. Early identification of risk factors for death in patients with ABBI, and appropriate prevention and control measures are extremely important to reduce the mortality. Objective: To systematically evaluate the risk factors of ABBI, which provide evidence for reducing the incidence and mortality of patients. Methods: The published articles and reference works on prognosis risk factors in patients with ABBI were retrieved from inception to January 2021 in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP. Those studies that met the inclusion criteria were perform quality evaluation and data analysis. Meta-analysis was performed by the statistical software Stata13.0. Results: A total of 24 articles were included, including 1 203 patients in the death group and 1 319 patients in the survival group. Among the 24 included study factors, 15 showed statistically significant differences(P<0.01), including: age (MD=0.19, 95%CI: 0.08~0.30, P<0.01), APACHE II (MD=0.48, 95%CI: 0.06~0.91, P=0.03), ICU admission (OR=1.91, 95%CI: 1.12~3.26, P=0.02), shock (OR=4.28, 95% CI: 1.05~17.49, P=0.04), septic shock (OR=8.36, 95%CI: 3.71~18.82, P<0.01), renal damage (OR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.19~2.07, P<0.01), diabetes (OR=1.31,95%CI: 1.03~1.68, P=0.03), malignant tumor (OR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.02~2.37, P=0.04 ), liver disease (OR=1.93, 95%CI: 1.25~3.00, P<0.01), hormonal used (OR=5.46, 95%CI: 3.12~9.56, P<0.01), immunosuppression (OR=2.73, 95%CI: 1.82~4.1, P<0.01 ), mechanical ventilation (OR=3.17, 95%CI: 2.34~4.29, P<0.01), deep vein catheterization (OR=2.02, 95%CI: 1.56~2.61, P<0.01), indwelling urinary catheter (OR =2.53, 95%CI: 1.66~3.84, P<0.01), indwelling gastric tube (OR=1.79, 95%CI: 1.21~2.65, P<0.01). Conclusion: The severity of the patient's underlying disease, using of hormones and immunosuppressants, and various invasive operations were the main risk factors for high mortality in ABBI patients. It was necessary to focus on older patients, dynamically monitor the APACHE II score, carefully evaluate the effect of hormone and immunosuppressant application, and strictly control the indications of invasive operation or treatment.
High Pressure Adsorption of CO2 and CH4 on Zr-MOFs

Adsorption equilibrium of CO2 and CH4 at three different temperatures was measured on three isoreticular Zr-MOFs: Zr(1,4-BDC) (UiO-66), Zr(4,4′-BPDC) UiO-67, and Zr(2,6-NDC) (DUT-52). Adsorption equilibrium data was measured at 298, 313, and 343 K up to 30 bar for CO2 and 80 bar for CH4. The three adsorbents have increasing surface areas, pore volumes, and pore sizes in the order UiO-66 < DUT-52 < UiO-67. The maximum CO2 and CH4 loading and selectivity follow the same trend. The relatively low isosteric heats of adsorption of CO2 for the three adsorbents indicate potential application at high partial pressures of CO2 in so-called precombustion schemes. Since equilibrium selectivity was higher for UiO-67, adsorption kinetics of pure gases was also measured in this adsorbent. Diffusion of both molecules is very fast, allowing the use of equilibrium theory for estimation of process performance of this adsorbent.
Unique Factor Structures Of The Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale And Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory And Their Relation To PTSD Symptom Clusters In Maltreated Youth

ABSTRACT Adolescents who have experienced maltreatment are at enhanced risk for posttraumatic disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic symptoms (PTS). Two key aspects of PTSD/PTS include dissociation and trauma-related cognitions, and these constructs are often measured via the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (ADES) and Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI). Unfortunately, little is known regarding the potential unique factor structures of these measures for maltreated youth with PTSD/PTS. Such knowledge would help clinicians develop more targeted assessments and clinical profiles for these youth. The primary aim of the present study was thus to examine the factor structures of the ADES and PTCI in a sample of 279 maltreated youth with PTSD/PTS (Mage = 14.25 years, SD = 1.78). A secondary aim was to identify whether identified factor structures from the present study sample of maltreated youth better predicted key PTSD symptom clusters of reexperiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal compared to factor structures reported in previous literature. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed factor structures unique to this sample that better met goodness-of-fit criteria compared to other factor structures. These unique factor structures also displayed invariance across gender and age groups. In addition, the unique factor structure of the PTCI but not the ADES was a better predictor of reexperiencing and avoidance symptoms in maltreated youth compared to other factor structures in the literature. The results indicate that assessment protocols for maltreated youth with posttraumatic symptoms should be more closely tailored to the unique aspects of this population.
Wide and Tunable Bandgap MAPbBr3−xClx Hybrid Perovskites with Enhanced Phase Stability: In Situ Investigation and Photovoltaic Devices

The current understanding of the crystallization, morphology evolution, and phase stability of wide‐bandgap hybrid perovskite thin films is very limited, as much of the community's focus is on lower bandgap systems. Herein, the crystallization behavior and film formation of a wide and tunable bandgap MAPbBr3−xClx system are investigated, and its formation and phase stability are contrasted to the classical MAPbI3−xBrx case. A multiprobe in situ characterization approach consisting of synchrotron‐based grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and laboratory‐based time‐resolved UV–Vis absorbance measurements is utilized to show that all wide‐bandgap perovskite compositions of MAPbBr3−xClx studied (0 < x < 3) crystallize the same way: the perovskite phase forms directly from the colloidal sol state and forms a solid film in the cubic structure. This results in significantly improved alloying and phase stability of these compounds compared with MAPbI3−xBrx systems. The phase transformation pathway is direct and excludes solvated phases, in contrast to methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). The films benefit from antisolvent dripping to overcome the formation of discontinuous layers and enable device integration. Pin‐hole‐free MAPbBr3−xClx hybrid perovskite thin films with a tunable bandgap are, thus, integrated into working single‐junction solar cell devices and achieve a tunable open‐circuit voltage as high as 1.6 V.
Controlled Salinity-Biosurfactant Enhanced Oil Recovery at Ambient and Reservoir Temperatures—An Experimental Study

In this paper, a thorough experimental investigation of enhanced oil recovery via controlled salinity-biosurfactant injection under typical reservoir temperature conditions is reported for the first time. Sixteen core flooding experiments were carried out with four displacing fluids in carbonate rock samples and the improved oil recovery was investigated in secondary, tertiary and quaternary injection modes. The temperature effect on oil recovery during floodings was compared at two temperatures (23 °C and 70 °C) on similar rock samples and fluids using two types of biosurfactants: GreenZyme® and rhamnolipids. The results of this study show that injection of controlled salinity brine (CSB) and controlled salinity biosurfactant brine (CSBSB) improve oil recovery relative to injection of high salinity formation brine (FMB) at both high and low temperatures. At 23 °C, CSBSB improved oil recovery by 15–17% OIIP compared with conventional FMB injection, and by 4–8% OIIP compared with CSB injection. At 70 °C, the injection of CSBSB increased oil recovery by 10–13% OIIP compared with injection of FMB, and by 2–6% OIIP compared with CSB injection. Furthermore, increase in the system temperature generally resulted in increased oil recovery, irrespective of the type of the injection brine. The results of this study have demonstrated for the first time the enhanced oil recovery potential of combined controlled salinity brine and biosurfactant applications at temperature relevant to hydrocarbon reservoirs. The results of this study are significant for the design of controlled salinity and biosurfactant flooding in carbonate reservoirs.