Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A PRELIMINARY STUDY: WORD AND NON-WORD REPETITION TASKS IN CHILDREN WITH SPEECH DELAY

This study examined the potential of using word and non-word repetition to screen children with speech delay in Indonesia. The tasks adapted Dollaghan & Campbell (1998), which was adjusted to Indonesian. There were 32 items arranged in two sets, consisting of 16 words and 16 non-words, and four items in one, two, three, and four syllables. The sets were counterbalanced across participants. The total number of phonemes in each set was 96. This research involved two children with speech delay (aged 5;0 (year;month) coded B12, and aged 7;1 coded A12); and eleven typically developing children as a control group for each of A12 and B12. The accuracy of word repetitions of all number of syllables by B12 revealed significantly lower results than the accuracy of the control group. The accuracy of non-word repetition in this group did not show any significant differences. For the group of participants aged 7 years, the word repetition revealed significant differences, although A12 had performed normally in two-syllable words. In this group, the repetition of 3- and 4-syllables non-words by participant A12 showed significantly lower results compared to the accuracy of the control group. Clinical and developmental implications in the Indonesian context were discussed.KEYWORDS: Speech Delay, Non-word Repetition, Word Repetition, Language Disorders in Children
High Zn bioavailability in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars: an implication of phytic acid and mineral interactions in seeds

Abstract Consumption of cereals as the predominant dietary source imposes a compounding effect on hidden hunger due to their low micronutrient content as well as availability. Thus, identification and inclusion of crop varieties with greater nutrient content and availability for human consumption is integral to alleviate micronutrient malnutrition. Peanut cultivars were studied for their phytic acid, Ca, Mg, P, K, Fe and Zn content in seeds and their interactions influencing Fe and Zn bioavailability. GG7 recorded highest Fe (0.067 g kg−1), Zn (0.069 g kg−1) and Mg (3.75 g kg−1) while LGN 2, SG 99 and DRG 12 showed highest Ca (0.0633 g kg−1), P (5.88 g kg−1) and K (7.58 g kg−1) contents respectively. Phytic acid content was highest in TMV 2 (27.68 g kg−1) and lowest in DRG 12 (7.06 g kg−1). Phytic acid was negatively correlated with Mg (-0.497) and K (-0.546), while a positive correlation with Ca (0.427) was recorded. Mg was positively correlated to Fe (0.568) and Zn (0.1), while Zn and P displayed negative correlation (-0.442). The cluster analysis revealed cluster I enlisting cultivars with high Fe, Zn and Mg content having high Zn availability (GG 7, Girnar 2 and DRG 12); whereas, cluster II displayed cultivars with low Fe and Zn availability (TAG 24, JL 24 and TMV 2). Zn and Fe contents are substantially higher in peanuts. The predominance of Mg, K and Ca in kernels further aid in reduced binding of Zn and Fe with phytic acid, thereby improving their availabilities for human consumption to ensure nutritional security.
Union Carbide Ethylene Polymerization Catalyst: From Uncovering Active Site Structures to Designing Molecularly-Defined Analogs

The Union Carbide(UC) catalyst, one of the first ethylene polymerization (EP) catalysts based on supported organometallic compounds, is based on chromocene dispersed on silica; it is distinct from the corresponding Phillips catalysts, based on supported chromium oxide, because it is responsive to H2 enabling tuning the resulting polymer. Yet, despite 50 years of research, the structure of its active sites has also been controversially discussed and remains elusive. Based on a combination of IR, EPR spectroscopies, labeling experiments, and modeling at the DFT level, we identified monomeric surface-supported Cr(III) hydrides, (≡SiO)Cr(Cp)-H, as the active sites of the UC catalyst. These active sites, with distinct EPR signatures, are exclusively formed at high Cr loadings because their formation requires a combination of congruent factors, namely the presence of grafted as well as adsorbed chromocene together with residual surface OH groups, and involves a C-H bond activation step of the Cp ring. These Cr hydrides readily initiate polymerization, yielding Cr(III) alkyl species that insert ethylene monomers through a Cossee Arlman-type mechanism, as evidenced by labeling and spectroscopic studies. This information inspired the design of a well-defined analog, that was prepared and characterized using SOMC by grafting CpCr(CH(SiMe3)2)2 on partially dehydroxylated silica. The resulting surface Cr sites show similar EPR signatures and produce similar polyethylene as the UC catalyst, further supporting the presence of similar active sites and opening the way to generating new classes of catalysts.
VHF airborne passive bistatic radar ground clutter investigation

Airborne passive bistatic radar is currently experiencing renewed interest for both air-to-air and air-to-ground operation. An experimental airborne passive bistatic radar demonstrator system, that uses FM broadcast transmissions as an illuminator of opportunity, has been designed and constructed and flown on airborne experiments to collect data. This paper demonstrates the application of a Doppler Beam Sharpening technique with a 3 second Coherent Processing Interval in order to obtain a range and cross-range map of the surface stationary ground clutter. The median scattering cross-section for low grazing angle stationary ground clutter is estimated from the stationary clutter map and found to vary with bistatic angle, from -45 dB in the vicinity of β = 90° to -15 dB as the bistatic angle approaches 180°. (5 pages)
A ‘ruthless’ victory? Reactions to the United States women’s national team victory over Thailand in the 2019 world cup

Abstract At the 2019 Women’s World Cup, the United States National Team (USWNT) beat Thailand by the lopsided margin of 13-0 in the first game of group play of the soccer tournament. Afterwards, the USWNT faced criticism from the general public, from former professional athletes, and from the sport media, while simultaneously receiving support in light of these critiques. This study aims to contextualize this commentary within the world of sport, arguing that reactions like these perpetuate stereotypes of feminine behaviour and reinforce hegemonic masculinity. Despite progress for women athletes, they still face gendered reactions to their play.
Modulation of stress-related behaviour by hypothalamic engagement of preproglucagon neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract

Stress-induced behaviours are driven by complex neural circuits and some neuronal populations concurrently modulate diverse behavioural and physiological responses to stress. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1)-producing preproglucagon (PPG) neurons within the lower brainstem caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) are particularly sensitive to stressful stimuli and are implicated in multiple physiological and behavioural responses to interoceptive and psychogenic threats. However, the afferent inputs driving stress-induced activation of PPG neurons are largely unknown, and the role of PPG neurons in anxiety-like behaviour is controversial. Through chemogenetic manipulations we reveal that cNTS PPG neurons have the ability to moderately increase anxiety-like behaviours in mice in a sex-dependent manner. Using an intersectional approach, we show that a corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-rich input from the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) drives activation of both the cNTS as a whole and PPG neurons in particular in response to acute stress. Finally, we demonstrate that NTS-projecting PVN neurons are necessary for the ability of acute stress to suppress food intake. Our findings reveal sex differences in behavioural responses to PPG neural activation and highlight a hypothalamic-brainstem pathway in stress-induced hypophagia.
Evaluation of an Innovative Student-Led Work Disability Prevention Program

A university-based, role-emerging fieldwork placement for occupational therapy students has been developed to provide work disability prevention services for university managers and workers. Over five years, 24 students have provided holistic interventions across 18 departments. The purpose of this project was to formally evaluate the perceptions of the program and the impact of services on managers and workers and to examine the experience of participating students. A utilization-focused evaluation approach was used as the guiding framework for this project. Methods included a retrospective review of reports and educational materials, a manager and worker survey, and a review of results from an existing student survey. The retrospective review of reports and educational materials demonstrated that students utilized a comprehensive and holistic lens that considered the interaction between the person, environment, and occupation. Workers and managers reported they were satisfied and found that services were beneficial. The majority reported changing their work setup or work habits after receiving student services to prevent workplace disability. Students reported overwhelmingly positive responses about the placement, with 96% (n=23) of students agreeing that they had an excellent experience and 100% (n=24) of students agreeing they were able to use their acquired knowledge. This paper describes the formal evaluation process and the outcomes of the project. Findings support the benefits of a partnership with human resources and occupational therapy in developing a role-emerging placement that benefits students, workers, and the organization and promotes the value of occupational therapy in workplace disability prevention and health promotion. Published by Encompass, 2022
Floristic inventory and ecological evaluation of plants of Jani Khel, Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Ethnobotanical study aids in the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals for the treatment of various ailments in scientific times. Local people have gathered ethnobotanic information through a hit-and-run manner from millennia of indigenous wisdom and passed it down from generation to generation. This knowledge serves as a foundation for scientifically investigating a plant's potential medicinal effects. It will also provide a baseline for researchers in the various field of plant sciences. The current study was conducted during 2015-16 to record the floristic composition and ecological characteristics of the flora of Jani Khel, district Bannu. The floral composition revealed 80 species belonging to 29 families. Among them, 27 families were dicotyledons and 02 were monocotyledons. Papilionaceae and Poaceae were the leading families each with 08 species followed by Asteraceae and Cucurbitaceae (07 species each), Umbelliferae (06 species), Brassicaceae and Chenopodiaceae (05 species each), Mimosaceae, Moraceae and Solanaceae (04 species each), Alliaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Plantaginaceae and Rhamnaceae were represented by 2 species each, while the remaining families comprised single species. Therophytes (48 species, 60%) was the dominant life form, followed by Microphanerophytes (10 species, 12.5 %), Hemicryptophytes (08 species, 10%), Chamaephytes (07 species, 8.75%), Nanophanerophytes (04 species, 5%) and Geophytes (03 species, 3.75%). Nanophylls with (27 species, 33.75%) and Microphylls (20 species, 25%) were dominant leaf size classes. Megaphylls and Aphyllous were considered the least infrequent leaf size spectra in the area. It was observed that the research area has a diversity of plants, but due to anthrapogenic activities the flora is under pressure. So, measures should be taken to conserve the flora.
Identifying water quality variables most strongly influencing Legionella concentrations in building plumbing

Opportunistic pathogens, such as several species of Legionella, are a growing concern globally. This is especially true in building plumbing. Plumbing design guidance has not been updated to reflect changes in use, leading to increased hydraulic retention time and exacerbating pathogen risks. While the effects of several water quality variables on Legionella spp. concentrations are well‐studied at bench‐scale, little is known about the strength of, or interactions between, these relationships in full‐scale plumbing. The influence of water quality variables and water use metrics on Legionella spp. concentrations was evaluated with several statistical tools from a data‐driven perspective. The results add to the weight of evidence required to develop systematic risk management strategies like monitoring. Variables related to Legionella and logistically more feasible to measure in full scale buildings, such as dissolved oxygen, heterotrophic plate count, total organic carbon, and water age, were identified.
Association of Major Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases and Life Expectancy in China, 2019

This study aimed to illustrate the association of four major chronic noncommunicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases, and diabetes) with life expectancy (LE) of Chinese residents in 2019 and to provide an evidence base for the scientific prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in China. The abbreviated life and cause-eliminated life tables were compiled according to the Jiang Qing Lang method recommended by WHO (World Health Organization) to calculate LE and cause-eliminated life expectancy (CELE) in 2019. The disease that had the greatest association with the LE of Chinese residents was cardiovascular disease (CVD), with the LE increasing by 8.13 years after removing CVD deaths. This was followed by cancer (2.68 years), respiratory diseases (0.88 years), and diabetes (0.24 years). The four major chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) were the main diseases affecting the health of Chinese residents. CVD should be prevented and treated as the key disease among the chronic diseases, while women and rural people should be the major focus of health knowledge promotion. All residents should be encouraged to develop a good understanding of self-protection and of how to achieve a healthy lifestyle in order to reduce the occurrence of death and to improve their quality of life and health in general.
Effect of Respiratory Rehabilitation Nursing Interventions on Acute Exacerbation Symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Among Hospitalized Geriatric Patients

Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD) is characterized by a sudden worsening of COPD symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, increased sputum production, and exercise intolerance. Implementation of respiratory rehabilitation nursing interventions is crucial in the management of AECOPD in geriatric patients. Objective: Determine the effect of respiratory rehabilitation nursing interventions on acute exacerbation symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among hospitalized geriatric patients. Setting: Two units; the respiratory disorders unit and the geriatric medicine unit affiliated to the Main University Hospital in Alexandria, Egypt. Subjects: A purposive sampling of fifty (50) geriatric patients with AECOPD was recruited. The selected subjects were divided into two equally matched groups; one study group and one control group. Tools: Six tools were used for data collection: Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), Geriatric Depression Scale Short-Form (GDS-SF), Socio-demographic and Clinical Data of Hospitalized Geriatric Patients with AECOPD Structured Interview Schedule, The Simplified Cough Score (SCS), The Modified Borg Scale for Perceived Dyspnea, and 1-Minute Sit-to-Stand (1MSTS) Test. Results: After the implementation of the proposed nursing interventions, a statistically significant improvement was observed in all acute exacerbation symptoms of COPD among the subjects in the study group when compared to the control group who received routine hospital care only. Greater and more positive effect size was detected on the severity of dyspnea than the severity of other AECOPD in the study group. Conclusion: The proposed respiratory rehabilitation nursing interventions proved to be effective in reducing the severity of AECOPD symptoms among hospitalized geriatric patients. Recommendations: It is critical for geriatric patients with AECOPD to receive respiratory rehabilitation nursing interventions as soon as possible in order to reduce the severity of associated symptoms. This is through educating geriatric COPD patients and their families on preventative measures to avoid the occurrence of AECOPD. This can be accomplished by well-trained nurses in different clinical settings.
Translocation stress is reflected in corticosterone metabolites in pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) droppings

Translocation (including transportation and experiencing a new environment) represents a significant stressor for animals. The aim of this study was to assess changes in corticosterone metabolite (CM) levels related to translocation in common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Sixteen birds (8 males and 8 females) aged 17 weeks were crated and transported for 3.5 h (distance travelled 140 km) to the target customer. Serial individual droppings were collected from 2 days prior until 3 days after transport. Concentrations of CMs in droppings were determined with a non-commercial cortisone enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Transport stress resulted in increased CM concentrations in the droppings in our study. The CM concentrations significantly increased within 2.5 h of transport (P < 0.01) compared to pre-transport levels (747 ng/g vs. 187 ng/g). After additional 3 h, the CM concentrations fell back to the baseline levels (207.7 ng/g). In the new environment, the second peak (median: 1383 ng/g) was determined with CM concentrations increasing (P < 0.01) compared to baseline levels. This increase was likely connected to the stress resulting from the new environment. The CM levels returned back to the baseline level 26 h after the start of transportation. No differences in concentrations of CM between sexes were found in our study. The utilized cortisone EIA proved suited to detect biologically meaningful alterations in adrenocortical activity of pheasants exposed to procedures related to their transport.
Dissecting fine root diameter distribution at the community level captures root morphological diversity

Characterizing plant functional diversity is essential to decipher community assembly rules and ecosystem functioning. Most studies focused on above-ground traits whereas the analysis of root diversity lags far behind. We analyzed the structure of fine root ( < 2 mm) diameter distribution at the community level as an indicator of root morphological diversity, and hypothesized that the shape of the distribution provide insights on root types and root exploration strategies. We tested this hypothesis along a successional gradient (6–69 year-old) with yearly mowing to better understand assembly rules regarding to belowground processes, and explored the relations between the parameters describing its modes and the vegetation composition and ecological properties of plant communities. Most communities showed a multimodal distribution, with two main modes corresponding to absorptive roots (thinner root mode) and transport roots (coarser root mode), and a third mode of lower importance corresponding to large transport roots. In early succession, the thinnest root mode was prominent, reflecting the dominance of thin absorptive roots and a low proportion of transport roots, resulting in a low root morphological diversity. As succession proceeds, the relative proportion of the second mode increased, and the proportions of the two main modes were more balanced, resulting in an increased variance and root morphological diversity. Furthermore, the first root mode (absorptive roots) became wider and shifted from very thin to thicker roots, suggesting the coexistence of various root strategies for resource exploration. Yearly mowing did not affect root diameter distribution, which may relate to the relative low mowing pressure that enabled woody species to remain, with stunted stature. Overall, our study demonstrates that the distribution of fine root diameters sheds light on root morphological diversity at the community level, and provide hints on the co-existence of root types and strategies for resource use and exploration.
Profile of Geriatric Patients Attending the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Objectives The emergency department (ED) is the most important unit of a hospital and is often visited by an ever-increasing proportion of geriatric patients. However, in Pakistan, there is an inadequacy of geriatrics specialists. The objective of this study was to assess the profile of geriatric patients in the ED. We considered main diagnoses, frailty, and other factors that help to come up with certain findings that may assist with policymaking and initiatives for better geriatric care in Pakistan. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. The study population comprised 101 patients aged 65 years and older who attended the hospital’s ED from July to September 2021. Data were collected by taking the patients’ histories. Results The majority of patients were aged between 65 and 70 years. The most common diagnoses were: gastrointestinal disorders, cerebrovascular accidents, and neurologic disorders. More than half of the patients were found to be frail by the five-item FRAIL questionnaire. The mean Charlson Comorbidity Index score was 5.37 ± 1.88. Conclusion It was concluded that the need for geriatric care is worth mentioning since it imposes a significant burden on the ED. The geriatric patients had a higher risk of being on the critical list as most of them were frail and suffered from multiple severe comorbidities. Our results can assist in the development of geriatric emergency medicine and acute care systems in Pakistan.
Love during China’s Cultural Revolution: evidence from a ‘sent-down’ couple’s private letters 1968–1977

ABSTRACT This paper reveals how love and marriage were interpreted, negotiated and maintained by a young couple during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), by analyzing 200 love letters. It first introduces the letter authors, their experiences of being ‘sent-down’ to work at separate state-owned farms, and the comrade-style love they developed by following the Mao-era injunction to prioritize revolutionary politics over personal matters. It then shows how class struggle politics and associated political thought movements inhibited youth dating and romance. Many young adults had to choose between personal matters and political revolution, which led to the paradoxical existence of expressions of ‘self-restraint’ and ‘self-indulgence’ in sexual affairs. After China’s universities reopened in 1970, the couple pursued tertiary education and put their romance on hold. This period was accompanied by a weakening tie between ‘personal matters’ (love) and political revolution and a rising tension between personal matters and personal development (education and career). With China’s abandonment of the ‘send-down’ policy in 1978, the couple returned to Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province in northeast China. They married after a decade of separation and correspondence about their tumultuous experiences. Analyzing their letters demonstrates the impact of Mao-era policies, ideas and practices in shaping love and family formation processes for the sent-down generation.