Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE CUSP/CORE PROBLEM AND THE SECONDARY INFALL MODEL

We study the cusp/core problem using a secondary infall model that takes into account the effect of ordered and random angular momentum, dynamical friction, and baryons adiabatic contraction (AC). The model is applied to structures on galactic scales (normal and dwarfs spiral galaxies) and on clusters of galaxies scales. Our analysis suggest that angular momentum and dynamical friction are able, on galactic scales, to overcome the competing effect of AC eliminating the cusp. The slope of density profile of inner halos flattens with decreasing halo mass and the profile is well approximated by a Burkert's profile. In order to obtain the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profile, starting from the profiles obtained from our model, the magnitude of angular momentum and dynamical friction must be reduced with respect to the values predicted by the model itself. The rotation curves of four lower sideband galaxies from Gentile et al. are compared to the rotation curves obtained by the model in the present paper obtaining a good fit to the observational data. The time evolution of the density profile of a galaxy of 108-109 M ☉ shows that after a transient steepening, due to the AC, the density profile flattens to α 0. On cluster scales we observe a similar evolution of the dark matter (DM) density profile but in this case the density profile slope flattens to α 0.6 for a cluster of 1014 M ☉. The total mass profile, differently from that of DM, shows a central cusp well fitted by an NFW model.
Initial Psychological Reactions to COVID-19 of Middle Adolescents in Portugal

In its early stage, the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent public health measures brought several challenges to people in general, with adolescents being one of the most affected groups. To assess the psychological reactions of Portuguese adolescents in that early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, we conducted an online survey that was filled by a sample of 340 (67.6% female and 32.4% male) middle adolescents (aged 16 and 17 years). Using the Impact Event Scale-Revised and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, we found that most participants reported a normal score for depression, anxiety, and stress. However, 47.1% reported some level of pandemic-related traumatic distress, and 25.6% reported high severity values. The girls’ levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and traumatic distress were significantly higher than those of the boys. Regression models showed that gender, number of symptoms experienced in the past days, self-reported health status, and concern with family were significant predictors of these mental health indicators. Our findings underscore the need for future research on the long-term traumatic psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents, and on the gender differences in this group. This will allow the development of strategies to identify and address at-risk adolescents, since the promotion of mental health and the prevention of pathology are imperative for the health of current and future generations.
Petrogenesis of Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks from the Rena-Co area in the southern Qiangtang Terrane, central Tibet: evidence from zircon U-Pb geochronology, petrochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb–Hf isotope characteristics

Abstract The subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean is important in the geological evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. In this paper, we report new zircon U-Pb age and Lu-Hf isotopic data and whole-rock elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data for Early Cretaceous dacites from the Rena-Co area (RCA) in the southern Qiangtang Terrane (QT), central Tibet and use these data to better understand the tectonic evolution of the Bangong–Nujiang suture. LA–ICP-MS dating of zircons yields ages of 109.5 ± 0.6 Ma to 109.6 ± 0.8 Ma for the dacites from the RCA. Geochemically, these dacites are medium-K calc-alkaline and show high SiO2 contents of 64.79–70.37 wt. %, high Sr contents of 517–598 ppm and low Y contents of 8.45–10.7 ppm, similar to those of typical adakites. Additionally, all the rocks are strongly enriched in light rare earth elements and some large ion lithophile elements (e.g. Rb, U, K and Cs) but significantly depleted in high-field-strength elements (e.g. Nb, Ta and Ti), consistent with the geochemical characteristics of arc-type magmas formed in the subduction zone. Moreover, these adakite-like dacites show whole-rock initial (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.705119 to 0.705491, (206Pb/204Pb)i ratios of 18.489 to 18.508, (207Pb/204Pb)i ratios of 15.591 to 15.612, (208Pb/204Pb)i ratios of 38.599 to 38.686, ϵNd(t) values of −0.28 to +1.25 and single-stage Nd model ages of 642 to 818 Ma, as well as significantly positive zircon ϵHf(t) values of 3.9–13.1, with young Hf-depleted mantle ages of 331 to 923 Ma. These geochemical and isotopic data indicate that they are most likely derived from the juvenile thickened mafic lower continental crust, which contains partial melts of metasomatized peridotite and subduction-related fluids in the magma source region. Based on previous studies and our new data, we propose that the RCA adakite-like dacites are most likely a result of the northwards subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean lithosphere beneath the southern QT during the Early Cretaceous and that a slab rollback model could explain the formation of the RCA adakite-like dacites.
Laws of Physics Define the Insignificant Warming of Earth by CO2

This study provides temperature estimates about the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) in warming the Earth’s atmosphere using readily available information. It compares the grams of water vapor per kilogram (kg) of dry air with the number of grams of CO2 per kg of dry air. This comparison is over a year for 20 representative areas of the Earth. It shows the grams of water vapor range from 0.1 to 44.0 times that of CO2. The increased heat content (enthalpy) of the atmosphere by CO2 causes a maximum temperature increase of 0.006oC from the Poles to the Equator. This amount is too small to measure. These quantitative results indicate that the Tropics, representing 39.8% of the Earth’s surface, contain almost three-quarters of the atmosphere’s water vapor. In contrast, the Arctic and Antarctic areas at the Poles have an estimated 0.9% of the atmosphere’s water vapor. Water vapor is the significant greenhouse gas that keeps the Earth from being a frozen planet.
Associated Factors and Immune Response to the Hepatitis B Vaccine with a Standard Schedule: A Prospective Study of People with HIV in China

Hepatitis B (HB) vaccination is recommended for people with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). We aimed to assess the immune response to the HB vaccine and associated factors using the standard vaccination schedule among people with HIV (PWH) in China. A prospective study was carried out from 2016 to 2020 in Beijing, China. PWH were given three 20 μg doses of recombinant HB vaccine at 0, 1, and 6 months. Blood samples were taken within 4–6 weeks after each dose to evaluate the anti-HBs levels. A total of 312 participants completed vaccination and serologic testing. The seroconversion (anti-HBs ≥ 10 IU/L) rates following the first, second, and third doses of the vaccine were 35.6% (95% CI: 30.3–40.9%), 55.1% (95% CI: 49.6–60.7%), and 86.5% (95% CI: 82.8–90.3%), respectively, and the geometric means of the anti-HBs titers were 0.8 IU/L (95% CI: 0.5–1.6 IU/L), 15.7 IU/L (95% CI: 9.4–26.3 IU/L), and 241.0 IU/L (95% CI: 170.3–341.1 IU/L), respectively. In multivariate analysis, after three doses of vaccination, age, CD4 cell count, and HIV-RNA viral load were significantly associated with strong, moderate, and weak response, respectively. These findings confirm that these personal health conditions are related to the HB response. HB vaccination in PWH using the standard schedule was still highly effective in the context of early treatment initiation, especially among participants aged 30 years and younger.
Investigation of Blood Plasma Viral Nucleocapsid Antigen as a Marker of Active Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant Infection

Abstract Background Nasopharyngeal qualitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but it is not practical or sufficient in every clinical scenario due to its inability to distinguish active from resolved infection. Alternative or adjunct testing may be needed to guide isolation precautions and treatment in patients admitted to the hospital. Methods We performed a single-center, retrospective analysis of residual clinical specimens and medical record data to examine blood plasma nucleocapsid antigen as a candidate biomarker of active SARS-CoV-2. Adult patients admitted to the hospital or presenting to the emergency department with SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) detected by RT-PCR from a nasopharyngeal swab specimen were included. Both nasopharyngeal swab and a paired whole blood sample were required to be available for analysis. Results Fifty-four patients were included. Eight patients had positive nasopharyngeal swab virus cultures, 7 of whom (87.5%) had concurrent antigenemia. Nineteen (79.2%) of 24 patients with detectable subgenomic RNA and 20 (80.0%) of 25 patients with N2 RT-PCR cycle threshold ≤ 33 had antigenemia. Conclusions Most individuals with active SARS-CoV-2 infection are likely to have concurrent antigenemia, but there may be some individuals with active infection in whom antigenemia is not detectable. The potential for high sensitivity and convenience of a blood test prompts interest in further investigation as a screening tool to reduce reliance on nasopharyngeal swab sampling and as an adjunct diagnostic test to aid in clinical decision making during the period after acute coronavirus disease 2019.
An End-to-End Deep Learning System for Recommending Healthy Recipes Based on Food Images

—Healthy food leads to healthy living and it is a major issue in our days. Nutri-Score is a nutrition label that can be calculated from the nutritional values of a food and helps evaluating the healthiness of it. Nevertheless, we don’t always have the nutritional values of the food, so it is not always easy identifying this label. In the same way, it is not easy finding the healthier option to a favorite food. In this paper an end-to end deep learning system is proposed to identify the Nutri-Score label and recommend similar but healthier recipes based on food images. A new dataset of images is extracted from the Recipe 1M and labeled with the Nutri-Score value calculated for each image. Pretrained models Resnet50, Resnet101, EfficientNetB2 and DensNet121 are tuned based on this dataset. The embeddings from the last convolutional layer of the input image are used to find its most similar neighbor based on KNN algorithm. The proposed system suggests recipes with the lowest Nutri-Score similar to the inputted image. Implementations show that the Resnet50 provides highest prediction accuracy.
Evaluating the Success of the War on Poverty since 1963 Using an Absolute Full-Income Poverty Measure

We evaluate progress in the War on Poverty as President Lyndon B. Johnson defined it, which established a 20% baseline poverty rate and adopted an absolute standard. While the official poverty rate fell from 19.5% in 1963 to 10.5% in 2019, our absolute full-income poverty measure—which uses a fuller income measure and updates thresholds only for inflation—fell from 19.5% to 1.6%. However, we also show that relative poverty reductions have been modest. Additionally, government dependence increased over this time, with the share of working-age adults receiving under half their income from market sources more than doubling.
Antifungal Bioactive Compounds from Chinese Caterpillar Fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) G. H. Sung et al.) against Plant Pathogens

Studies were conducted to extract and evaluate the intracellular bioactive molecules of Ophiocordyceps sinensis against plant pathogens. Methanolic fraction of mycelium borne bioactive molecules at 200 L concentration showed the maximum mycelial inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (48.67 per cent) and F. o. f. sp. lycopersici (46.47 per cent), which cause wilt disease in banana and tomato, respectively. GC-MS analysis of methanolic fraction of mycelial mat extract indicated the presence of 14 different compounds hydroxylamine; glycerin; oxime-,methoxy-phenyl; adipamide; 1,2,3-Benzenetriol; cyclododecane; imidazole-5-carboxylic acid; 1,3,5-Benzenetriol; 1,3-Cyclohexanedione, 2-propyl; 2-Propenoic acid, tridecyl ester; n-Decanoic acid; 5-Undecene, 9-methyl; L-Ornithine, N5- (aminocarbonyl) and pyrrolo [1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro. Among these, the compound hydroxylamine identified at 1.817 RT exhibited the maximum peak area of 35.00 per cent. This compound is also known to possess important pharmacological and antimicrobial properties.
Remarks on the quasi-steady one phase Stefan problem

Synopsis This paper presents some regularity results on the solution and on the free boundary for the one phase Stefan problem with zero specific heat in the framework of the variational inequalities formulation. In particular we show the Hölder continuity of the free boundary. Estimates on the rate of convergence when the specific heat vanishes are given for the variational solutions and for the free boundaries.
INTEGRATION OF IBNU SINA'S ISLAMIC EDUCATION THOUGHT IN MUHAMMADIYAH ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Ibn Sina's Islamic educational thinking consists of objectives, curriculum, teaching methods, and teaching competence. According to Ibn Sina, a good pen or teacher is someone who is smart, wise, and exemplary. Ibnu Sina also believes that the output of teaching is for students to become perfect human beings (al-insan kamil) and become people of quality according to their field abilities or the talents of each student. The fact in the field is that there are still teachers who only carry out teaching duties but do not understand the importance of the character of a teacher and the output of the teaching itself. This means that the teacher has not been integrated from the concept of thinking of Ibn Sina's Islamic Education. The purpose of this study was to describe the integration of Ibn Sina's educational thinking at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Wonopeti, so that the scope of this research is: the planning and implementation of learning the integration of Ibn Sina's educational thinking. The research method is field research (fild research) with a descriptive qualitative approach, namely researchers trying to make observations about a phenomenon in a natural state. Data was collected using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study show that the teachers of SD Muhammadiyah 1 Wonopeti have integrated the thinking concept of Ibn Sina's Islamic Education with learning planning which includes objectives, curriculum, methods and concepts of good educators. The implications of this integration are realized by creative and interesting learning through regular and extracurricular and co-curricular teaching and learning activities.
Obesity as a Risk Factor in the Appearance of Haematomas Caused by Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin: A Cross-Sectional Study

Thromboembolic disease (TED) is an important health problem in Europe due to its high morbimortality. Pharmacological prevention is achieved with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), among other strategies, which are supported by a high degree of evidence in the scientific literature. According to its safety data sheet, this injection produces local injuries at a rate of 0.1–1% after administration; however, these percentages are much lower than others reported in several studies focusing on LMWH (44–88%). This high incidence of injuries might be associated with procedural or individual variables. (1) Background: Among the most frequent side effects after the administration of LMWH are pain and haematomas (HMTs), which are influenced by obesity. We aimed to determine the relationship between abdominal skinfold (ASF) value and incidence of HMTs. In addition, I sought to determine how the risk of HMT changed with each mm increase in ASF. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study developed in the hospital unit of orthopaedic and trauma surgery was conducted over one year. All participants in the sample were classified based on their ASF and the appearance and area of HMTs were assessed after the administration of enoxaparin. The STROBE checklist was used to evaluate the study. Descriptive statistical analysis and analysis of variance of non-parametric factors were carried out. (3) Results: In a sample of 202 participants (808 Clexane injections), more than 80% presented HMTs. More than 70% of the sample was overweight and more than 50% had an ASF > 36 millimetres (mm). (4) Conclusions: An ASF over 36 mm confers a higher risk of developing HMTs: with each mm increase in the ASF, the risk increases by 4%. Participants who are overweight or obese also present a higher risk of HMT, and these conditions correlate positively with the area of the HMTs. Providing education for the self-administration of the drug after discharge and information about the probability of suffering from local injuries in a more individualised way will lead to fewer primary care nursing consultations, more adherence to the antithrombotic treatment, and, as a consequence, a decrease in TED and health costs.
Seasonal Variations of Atmospheric Pollution and Air Quality in Beijing

New ambient air quality standards were released in 2012 and implemented in 2013 with real time monitoring data publication of six atmospheric pollutants: particulate matter (PM)2.5, PM10, O3, SO2, NO2 and CO. According to the new standards, Beijing began to publicize real-time monitoring data of 35 monitoring stations in 2013. In this study, real time concentrations of all six atmospheric pollutants of all 35 monitoring stations were collected from September 2014 to August 2015 to investigate the spatial and temporal pattern of the air quality and atmospheric pollutants. By comparing the annual and seasonal variations of all six pollutants’ concentrations, it was found that particulate matter, especially PM2.5, is still the major contributor to the deterioration of air quality in Beijing. Although the NO2 and O3 concentrations of some stations were still high under certain circumstances, their contributions to air quality index (AQI) were not comparable to those of PM2.5 and PM10. SO2 and CO concentrations have dropped to well below the qualification standards. Winter and autumn were the most polluted seasons for all pollutants except O3, whose concentrations are higher in summer. South and southeast stations were the most polluted compared with the rest of the stations, especially for particulate matter. Wind profile analysis with heavy pollution situations indicates that low speed southwest or east wind situations have the higher possibility of heavy pollution, suggesting that it is highly possible that long-range transportation of air pollutants from south or east neighboring provinces played an important role in the worsening air conditions in Beijing.
Guidance laws based on model predictive control and target manoeuvre estimator

A new composite guidance law for intercepting manoeuvring targets with desired terminal line-of-sight (LOS) angle constraint is proposed in this paper. The presented guidance law is derived through generalized model predictive control (GMPC) augmented by a target manoeuvre estimator. More specifically, the target manoeuvre estimator is used to estimate and compensate for the unknown target manoeuvre online while the GMPC is used to obtain optimal LOS angle tracking performance. Stability analysis shows that the LOS angle tracking error and the LOS angular rate can converge to a sufficiently small region around zero asymptotically. The effectiveness of the proposed guidance law is validated by applying it to a surface-to-air missile for intercepting a head-on manoeuvring target under different scenarios.
Comparison of Magnetospheric Multiscale ion jet signatures with predicted reconnection site locations at the magnetopause

Magnetic reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause is the primary process by which solar wind plasma and energy gains access to the magnetosphere. One indication that magnetic reconnection is occurring is the observation of accelerated plasma as a jet tangential to the magnetopause. The direction of ion jets along the magnetopause surface as observed by the Fast Plasma Instrument (FPI) and the Hot Plasma Composition Analyzer (HPCA) instrument on board the recently launched Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) set of spacecraft is examined. For those cases where ion jets are clearly discerned, the direction of origin compares well statistically with the predicted location of magnetic reconnection using convected solar wind observations in conjunction with the Maximum Magnetic Shear model.
Harmonic maps and morphisms in 4 dimensions

We discuss (i) harmonic maps from surfaces to 4-manifolds, especially, twistor constructions and a recent application to the study of the space of harmonic maps from S 2 to CP 2 , (ii) harmonic morphisms from 4-manifolds to surfaces, especially relationships with Hermitian structures, shear-free ray congruences and a twistorial construction of foliations by superminimal surfaces of hyperbolic 4-space with given boundary values at innnity.
Human Performance Times in Microscope Work

Abstract With the trend toward micro-miniaturization in the electronics industry, the development of predetermined time standards for microscopic work has become an important area in work measurement. In conjunction with the development of the MTM-Magnification system, a laboratory study of work under a stereo microscope revealed no differences in performance time due to magnification levels of 3.5, 9.25, and 15X. The simulated task was broken down into elements of reach plus grasp, move plus position, decision, and tap target, and the average time for each element could be accurately predicted using predictors such as Fitts' Index of Difficulty (ID). For example, reach plus grasp time (ms) = 292 + 150 ID - 40 IPC, r 2 = . 92, SE = 58.2 ms, where the IPC is a predictor developed in this research.