Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in Sheep and Goats in Multan (Punjab), Pakistan

Toxoplasmosis, a protozoan illness caused by Toxoplasma (T.) gondii, is prevalent in humans and other animals, having been observed in a variety of nations and climates. There is no data on this element of food animals in Pakistan. The goal of this study was to find out how common T. gondii infection is in sheep and goats. A total of n = 300 serum samples from sheep (n =230) and goats (n = 170) were collected and tested for Toxoplasmosis using a commercial latex agglutination kit (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd. Japan) in the Multan. Toxoplasmosis prevalence was 20.33% overall. Goats had a substantially greater P<0.01 prevalence 22.94% than sheep 16.92%, and females 30.55% had a significantly higher P<0.01 prevalence than males 16.92% for both species. Male sheep and goats were shown to be less seropositive to T. gondii in this investigation than female sheep and goats. Adult sheep had a considerably higher prevalence P<0.01 than younger animals. In both sheep and goats, the group aged 1–2 years is strongly seropositive compared to the group aged less than one year, followed by the group aged 2–3 years, and the group aged more than three years is least seropositive.
Changes in river water temperature between 1980 and 2012 in watershed, eastern Magnitude, drivers and models

Climate warming is expected to have major impacts on river water quality, water column/hyporheic zone biogeochemistry and aquatic ecosystems. A quantitative understanding of spatio-temporal air ( T a ) and water ( T w ) temperature dynamics is required to guide river management and to facilitate adaptations to climate change. This study determined the magnitude, drivers and models for increasing T w in three river segments of the Yongan watershed in eastern China. Over the 1980–2012 period, T w in the water- shed increased by 0.029–0.046 (cid:1) C yr (cid:1) 1 due to a (cid:3) 0.050 (cid:1) C yr (cid:1) 1 increase of T a and changes in local human activities (e.g., increasing developed land and population density and decreasing forest area). A standard- ized multiple regression model was developed for predicting annual T w ( R 2 = 0.88–0.91) and identifying/ partitioning the impact of the principal drivers on increasing T w : T a (76 ± 1%), local human activities (14 ± 2%), and water discharge (10 ± 1%). After normalizing water discharge, climate warming and local human activities were estimated to contribute 81–95% and 5–19% of the observed rising T w , respectively. Models forecast a 0.32–1.76 (cid:1) C increase in T w by 2050 compared with the 2000–2012 baseline condition based on four future scenarios. Heterogeneity of warming rates existed across seasons and river seg- ments, with the lower ﬂow river and dry season demonstrating a more pronounced response to climate warming and human activities. Rising T w due to changes in climate, local human activities and hydrology has a considerable potential to aggravate river water quality degradation and coastal water eutrophication in summer. Thus it should be carefully considered in developing watershed management strategies in response to climate change.
Management Preparedness towards the Implementation of Mobile Technology Library Services in Academic Libraries

Despite the growing usage of mobile devices and the availability of mobile broadband and WIFI internet almost everywhere in the academic libraries of developing countries, academic libraries in Ghana are yet to fully exploit this opportunity and provide mobile technology (m-tech) based library services. This study thus set to assess the preparedness’ of library management towards the implementation of m-tech library services in academic libraries in Ghana. The study employed a descriptive survey and the mixed method in collecting data from 365 respondents. The study established that the majority of respondents were aware that mobile devices could be used to access library services, and were willing to be trained, adapt; and upgrade their skills to suit any mobile service technological change undertaken in academic libraries. The main mobile devices available and used to provide services to the patrons comprise handheld tablets, smartphones, iPod, cell phones, PDA’s and e-book readers. However, the study found a lack of a culture of training for staff and requisite skills as the inhibitors towards the adoption of m-tech in
Identiﬁcation of Urinary Polyphenol Metabolite Patterns Associated with Polyphenol-Rich Food Intake in Adults from Four European Countries

: We identiﬁed urinary polyphenol metabolite patterns by a novel algorithm that combines dimension reduction and variable selection methods to explain polyphenol-rich food intake, and compared their respective performance with that of single biomarkers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. The study included 475 adults from four European countries (Germany, France, Italy, and Greece). Dietary intakes were assessed with 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) and dietary questionnaires (DQ). Thirty-four polyphenols were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS-MS) in 24-h urine. Reduced rank regression-based variable importance in projection (RRR-VIP) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) methods were used to select polyphenol metabolites. Reduced rank regression (RRR) was then used to identify patterns in these metabolites, maximizing the explained variability in intake of pre-selected polyphenol-rich foods. The performance of RRR models was evaluated using internal cross-validation to control for over-optimistic ﬁndings from over-ﬁtting. High performance was observed for explaining recent intake (24-HDR) of red wine ( r = 0.65; AUC = 89.1%), coffee ( r = 0.51; AUC = 89.1%), and olives ( r = 0.35; AUC = 82.2%). These metabolite patterns performed better or equally well compared to single polyphenol biomarkers. Neither metabolite patterns nor single biomarkers performed well in explaining habitual intake (as reported in the DQ) of polyphenol-rich foods. This proposed strategy of biomarker pattern identiﬁcation has the potential of expanding the currently still limited list of available dietary intake biomarkers.
Lycopene β-cyclase expression

Carotenoids are important isoprenoids produced in the plastids of photosynthetic organisms that play key roles in photoprotection and antioxidative processes. β-carotene is generated from lycopene by the lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB). Previously, we demonstrated that the introduction of the Daucus carota (carrot) DcLCYB1 gene into tobacco (cultivar Xanthi ) resulted in increased levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and especially gibberellins (GAs), resulting in increased plant yield. In order to understand this phenomenon prior exporting this genetic strategy to crops, we generated tobacco (cultivar Petit Havana ) mutants that exhibited a wide range of LCYB expression. Transplastomic plants expressing DcLCYB1 at high levels showed a wild-type-like growth, even though their pigment content was increased, and their leaf GA content was reduced. RNAi NtLCYB lines showed different reductions in NtLCYB transcript abundance, correlating with reduced pigment content and plant variegation. Photosynthesis (leaf absorptance, Fv/Fm, and ETRII) and plant growth were impaired. Remarkably, drastic changes in phytohormone content also occurred in the RNAi lines. However, external application of phytohormones was not sufficient to rescue their phenotypes, suggesting that altered photosynthetic efficiency might be another important factor explaining their reduced biomass. These results show that LCYB expression influences plant biomass by different mechanisms and suggests thresholds for LCYB expression levels that might be beneficial/detrimental for plant growth. lines were hypothesized to trigger reduced expression of key genes of carotenoid and carotenoid-related pathways, thus, causing a reduction in the content of key isoprenoids (e.g. β-carotene, xanthophylls, chlorophylls, GA and ABA) and ultimately leading to reduced growth and biomass. If this is true, the reduced plant biomass might be due to these additional disturbances and impaired photosynthetic performance, which is directly related to the structural function of carotenoid in the photosynthetic apparatus. Hence, gene expression levels, pigment and hormone contents, biomass parameters, photosynthetic efficiency, chloroplast structure, and primary and secondary metabolism were evaluated in these lines. We show that plastid DcLCYB1 expression leads to increased LCYB activity (indirectly measured as increased CPTA tolerance) and pigment content (β-carotene and violaxanthin), but not necessarily to increased biomass and photosynthesis, whereas reduced NtLCYB expression negatively affects plant physiology and development, primary and secondary metabolism, photosynthetic efficiency and ultimately plant biomass. selective reaction majority genes in pathways
Metabolomics of the Carbon Concentrating Mechanism in algae

Using a GC-MS-TOF technique we determined major metabolite changes during induction of the Carbon Concentrating Mechanism in the unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . In total, 128 metabolites with significant differences between high and low CO 2 grown cells were detected of which 82 were wholly or partially identified, including amino acids, lipids and carbohydrates. In a 24 h time course experiment we show that the amino acids serine and phenylalanine increases transiently while aspartic acid and glutamic acid decreases after transfer to low CO 2 . The biggest differences were typically observed three hours after transfer to low CO 2 conditions. We therefore made a careful metabolomic examination at the three hour time point, comparing low CO 2 treatment to high CO 2 control. Five metabolites involved in photorespiration, eleven amino acids and one lipid were increased while six amino acids and interestingly, 21 lipids were significantly lower. Our conclusion is that the metabolic pattern during early induction of the Carbon Concentrating Mechanism fit a model where photorespiration is increasing. The C. reinhardtii cell wall less mutant cw92 was obtained from the Chlamydomonas Culture Collection at Duke University, Durham, NC. The cells were precultured in TAP medium (Harris, 1989) at 20°C, 60 rpm, with 25 µmol m -2 s -1 continuous irradiation in an incubator (Innova 4340, New Brunswick Scientific). For autotrophic growth, the cells were grown in full high salt medium (HSM) (Suoeka, 1960), or HSM modified to facilitate metabolite identification: medium-phosphate medium (MPM) with 25-times reduced of the phosphate concentration or low-phosphate medium (LPM) with 50-times reduced of phosphate concentration. To retain the buffering capacity, 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.5, was added to the both MPM and LPM media . The culture grown on HSM, MPM and LPM was diluted on a daily basis to 0.5 x 10 6 cells mL -1 each morning for three consecutive days before each experiment. Temperature was kept at 23°C with continuous irradiation from cool, white fluorescent lamps (Philips Master TLD 36W/830) at 200±10 µmol m -2 s -1 . Cultures were bubbled either with air enriched with 5% CO 2 (high CO 2 ) or with 0.04% CO 2 (low CO 2 ) for induction of the CCM.
STUDY OF PELVI-URETERIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HISTOPATHOLOGY

Introduction: What can be expected from clinical and pathological stand point in a child or an adult who has hydronephrosis due to obstruction or dysfunction at pelvi-ureteric junction was a question and study started in 1935 providing some interesting information regarding the question. Our aim of the present study is to find out what is the primary cause of this effect and whether its early detection can reverse the kidney back to normalcy, if not, prevent the kidney from further damage by institution of suitable surgery and to minimise the complications of surgery. Materials and methods: Total 77 cases are entered into the present series. Study includes 20 cases attending during this tenure and 57 cases were reviewed which were carried out in the past. Selection of the cases were done from the patients attending surgical outdoor to the present unit and referred to this unit directly. Contribution from some of the units was acquired specially for reviewing the histopathology and clinical history of the past. The cases after investigations were subjected to surgery. Depending upon the extent of damage some patients were operated as semiemergencies and some were operated as elective.Type of operation selected to relive obstruction were Anderson Hynes pelviuretroplasty and Foley's V-Y pyeloplasty. Results: Results were analysed in view of age, sex, presentation features, size of hydronephrosis, findings of intravenouspyelogram, kidney function test, etiology, histopathology and complications. Conclusion: The result of early instituion of surgery are rewarding, and recommended in every case.
Clinical case Primary cervical malignant teratoma with a rib metastasis in an adult: Five-year survival after surgery and chemotherapy A case report with a review of the literature

Summary We report a case of a man presenting with a cervical malignant teratoma and a chondrosarcomatous rib metastasis. He was alive and free of recurrence five years and 10 months (= 70 months) after resection of the primary mass, followed by chemotherapy and subsequent resection of the rib tumor. This is the 35th patient reported in the literature and the first descrip-tion in which an 'adjuvant' or primary chemotherapy was used. Previous patients with a cervical malignant teratoma, reported after lethal outcome, had survivals of one to 22 months (me-dian nine months). In all patients with a preoperative clinical impression of an aggressive, differentiated or undifferentiated malignancy, the definite diagnosis of teratoma could only be made histologically. By analogy to germ cell tumors, the prognosis of malignant teratoma might be improved if complete excision is combined with new, adjuvant chemotherapy proto-cols for germ cell tumors. Lessons learned from this case are placed in the context of germ cell tumors in general and of non-gonadal malignant teratomas in particular.
Lack of Relationship between Purine Biosynthesis and Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus : a Cautionary Tale for Microarray Interpretation (cid:1)

Previous microarray data (E. Mongodin, J. Finan, M. W. Climo, A. Rosato, S. Gill, and G. L. Archer, J. Bacteriol. 185:4638–4643, 2003) noted an association in two vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) strains between high-level, passage-induced vancomycin resistance, a marked increase in the transcription of purine biosynthetic genes, and mutation of the putative purine regulator purR . Initial studies to report on the possible association between vancomycin resistance and alterations in purine metabolism in one of these strains (VP-32) conﬁrmed, by Western analysis, an increase in the translation of PurH and PurM, two purine pathway enzymes. In addition, PurR was identiﬁed, by knockout and complementation in a vancomycin-susceptible strain, as a repressor of the purine biosynthetic operon in S. aureus , and the PurR missense mutation was shown to inactivate the repressor. However, despite the apparent relationship between increased purine biosynthesis and increased vancomycin resistance in VP-32, neither the addition of exogenous purines to a deﬁned growth medium nor the truncation or inactivation of purR improved the growth of vancomycin-susceptible S. aureus in the presence of vancomycin. Furthermore, the passage of additional vancomycin-susceptible and VISA strains to high-level vancomycin resistance occurred without changes in cellular purine metabolism or mutation of purR despite the development of thickened cell walls in passaged strains. Thus, we could conﬁrm neither a role for altered purine metabolism in the development of vancomycin resistance nor its requirement for the maintenance of a thickened cell wall. The failure of biochemical and physiological studies to support the association between transcription and phenotype initially found in careful microarray studies emphasizes the importance of follow-up investigations to conﬁrm microarray observations.
PII: S0025-3227(00)00083-9

In this study, porewater chemistry, solid-phase analysis and microscopic observations were combined to evaluate phosphogenesis in three boxcores located within the intensive oxygen minimum zone of the Arabian Sea. Three parameters, namely a decrease of the dissolved phosphate and fluoride concentrations with depth, saturation with respect to carbonate fluorapatite, and the presence of a solid-phase Ca-phosphate mineral, all indicate that phosphogenesis is currently taking place at all three sites. Authigenic apatite precipitation rates vary between 0.076 and 1.04 mmolP cm yr, and are of the same order of magnitude as reported for other high productivity areas. Precipitation of an intermediate precursor precedes francolite formation in the continental slope sediments on the Karachi Margin. Results of a diagenetic P model indicate that phosphogenesis is induced by high rates of organic matter degradation. Dissolution of fish debris is likely to provide a substantial additional source of phosphate. Redox iron cycling does not influence phosphogenesis in these environments. Model results suggest that sediment mixing is essential in promoting early diagenetic phosphogenesis. The highest rate of francolite formation was observed in a boxcore taken on the Oman Margin, where it contributes to the formation of a Holocene phosphorite deposit. This observation contrasts with previous reports of only old phosphorites in this area. Phosphorites are presently forming on the Oman Margin as a result of: (a) deposition of older, reworked material from the continental shelf, which has undergone an earlier phase of phosphogenesis; (b) a high input of reactive P (fish debris and degradable organic matter); (c) a relatively low sediment accumulation rate; and (d) the absence of winnowing on this location. Holocene phosphorite deposits may be less common on the Oman Margin than in other coastal upwelling areas because of the narrowness of the shelf and the steepness of the slope, which limit the area where phosphorite formation may occur. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
CMAR_A_281430 521..535

1Department of Orthopaedics, The First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, People’s Republic of China Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common bone malignancy in children and adolescents. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to affect OS progression. This paper mainly delineated the role of circRNA circ_0105346 in OS development and the potential mechanism. Methods: Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot assays were applied to detect the expression of circ_0105346, microRNA (miR)-1182 and wingless-type MMTV integration site family 7B (WNT7B). 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was conducted to evaluate cell viability, and flow cytometry was performed to monitor cell apoptosis and cycle. In addition, cell migration and invasion were determined via transwell assay. Wound healing assay was also employed to evaluate the migrated capacity of OS cells. Western blot assay was also employed to examine the levels of protein markers. Additionally, the interaction between miR-1182 and circ_0105346 or WNT7B was confirmed by the dual-luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and pull-down assays. Mouse xenograft model was constructed to clarify the effect of circ_0105346 on tumor growth in vivo. Results: Circ_0105346 and WNT7B were upregulated, while miR-1182 was downregulated in OS tissues and cells. Circ_0105346 knockdown suppressed OS cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion and glycolysis, as well as accelerated apoptosis, which was attenuated by miR-1182 inhibition. Interestingly, circ_0105346 targeted miR-1182, and miR-1182 interacted with WNT7B. Circ_0105346 could upregulate WNT7B by downregulating miR-1182 expression. Furthermore, circ_0105346 knockdown blocked tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion: Circ_0105346 knockdown repressed OS progression by regulating miR-1182/ WNT7B axis, at least in part.
Macroscaling Limit Theorems for Filtered Spatiotemporal Random Fields

This article addresses the problem of defining a general scaling setting in which Gaussian and non-Gaussian limit distributions of linear random fields can be obtained. The linear random fields considered are defined by the convolution of a Green kernel, satisfying suitable scaling conditions, with a non-linear transformation of a Gaussian centered homogeneous random field. The results derived cover the weak-dependence and strong-dependence cases for such Gaussian random fields. Extension to more general random initial conditions defined, for example, in terms of non-linear transformations of χ2-random fields, is also discussed. For an example, we consider the random fractional diffusion equation. The vectorial version of the limit theorems derived is also formulated, including the limit distribution of the parabolically rescaled solution to the Burgers equation in the cases of weakly and strongly dependent initial potentials.
optimal utiliztion of mycorrhizal mutualistic partners by plants

: Abstract. Can choice of mutualistic partners and the degree of their utilization determine (1) mutualistic partner coexistence, (2) relative abundance of mutualistic partners, and (3) environment-dependent changes in relative abundance? We investigate these questions in the context of the plant–mycorrhizal fungal mutualism by building a biological market model potentially applicable to other mutualisms as well. We examine the situation where a single plant selectively utilizes member(s) of a group of ectomycorrhizal potential trading partners. Under biologically realistic circumstances, the plant may simultaneously utilize multiple partners, its degree of utilization determining the community structure of the fungi. If utilization of multiple partners is optimal, the marginal cost of acquiring additional nitrogen from every trading partner must be equal while the marginal cost of acquiring it from any unutilized partner must be larger. Because the plant’s nitrogen demand is light dependent, the composition of the fungal species among its trading partners changes along light-availability gradients. We discuss the design of an experiment to test the key prediction of our model, the equalization of marginal cost. Abstract. Can choice of mutualistic partners and the degree of their utilization determine (1) mutualistic partner coexistence, (2) relative abundance of mutualistic partners, and (3) environment-dependent changes in relative abundance? We investigate these questions in the context of the plant–mycorrhizal fungal mutualism by building a biological market model potentially applicable to other mutualisms as well. We examine the situation where a single plant selectively utilizes member(s) of a group of ectomycorrhizal potential trading partners. Under biologically realistic circumstances, the plant may simultaneously utilize multiple partners, its degree of utilization determining the community structure of the fungi. If utilization of multiple partners is optimal, the marginal cost of acquiring additional nitrogen from every trading partner must be equal while the marginal cost of acquiring it from any unutilized partner must be larger. Because the plant’s nitrogen demand is light dependent, the composition of the fungal species among its trading partners changes along light-availability gradients. We discuss the design of an experiment to test the key prediction of our model, the equalization of marginal cost.