Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comment on “Climate Impact of a Regional Nuclear Weapon Exchange: An Improved Assessment Based on Detailed Source Calculations” by Reisner et al.

Reisner et al. revisited a study we had done modeling the climate impacts of a nuclear war between India and Pakistan, in which fires started by 100 15‐kt atomic bombs would produce 5 Tg of soot injected into the upper troposphere, and subsequently lofted into the lower stratosphere. Their claim that there would be much less smoke than in our results is wrong for several reasons. They chose a target area of suburban Atlanta that includes a golf course, playground, and individual houses with large yards, with little material to burn, which is not representative of densely populated cities in India and Pakistan. The fire they modeled is not typical of the type of mass fire likely to result from a nuclear attack on cities. They used winds that are stronger than typical winds. They did not allow moist convection, which would be important in convective lofting of the smoke. Their claim that if they included convection the resulting rain would wash out the smoke is not supported by observations of pyrocumulonimbus injection of smoke into the stratosphere from forest fires. And they used a fire model that they have not made available for other scientists to try to reproduce their work, and which has not been shown to accurately simulate firestorms observed in Hamburg, Dresden, and Hiroshima during World War II. They significantly underestimate the amount of smoke, and climate and agricultural impacts likely after a nuclear war.
Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Serious and permanent neurologic complications in the obstetric population are rare. Most neurologic complications following childbirth are intrinsic obstetric palsies. The most common intrinsic obstetric palsy is lateral femoral neuropathy. Palsies of the femoral, obturator, sciatic, common peroneal nerves and lumbosacral plexus have also been reported. Meticulous technique during neuraxial anaesthesia will decrease the risk of injury secondary to neuraxial procedures. Direct trauma to the spinal cord and spinal nerves may occur during neuraxial anaesthesia. Sterile technique should be employed during neuraxial procedures and precautions should be taken to ensure that the proper drug/concentration is being injected. Postpartum complaints should be addressed promptly. For infection and space-occupying lesions of the neuraxial canal, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent permanent injury or death. Survey studies have demonstrated that women want to be told of the risks of neuraxial procedures, even when the incidence is rare.
Changes of landuse in the campus area and their implications toward traffic condition

This study revisits how changes in the land use affect traffic condition around a rapidly growing university campus area. Changes in landuse, associated to the increase in activity development which affects the vehicle trip rate, have increased the traffic loading in the road network in the study area. At the same time, the growing number of road users in the road network results in increasing traffic conflicts negatively impacts the traffic condition. The phenomenon has been identified in and around Tembalang Area in Semarang City, with rapid changes in land use due to the increasing demand for supporting activities to provide the needs of students, especially in the main transport corridors. This study examined changes of landuse and their implication toward traffic loading as a first step to control the use of space in the campus area. Quantitative method was applied to analyze trip attraction in comparison to the volume of traffic. The results showed that eatery land use activities were the largest traffic load increase contributor (29-33%) burdening the road network in the study area. Other types of activity identified to negatively impact the service levels of the road network are supermarket, cafe, and laundry services.
Variable Crustal Production Originating From Mantle Source Heterogeneity Beneath the South East Indian Ridge and Amsterdam‐St. Paul Plateau

The Amsterdam‐St. Paul (ASP) Plateau formed by interaction between the South East Indian Ridge (SEIR) and the ASP mantle plume during the last 10 Myr. The combined bathymetry and gravity‐derived crustal thickness anomalies along the present and paleoaxes of the SEIR atop the plateau indicate: (1) a thicker crust and shallower water depth along the southern part of segment I2 during much of the last 10 Myr; (2) an earlier decrease (~1.4 Ma) in crustal thickness along the southern part of I2 compared to the northern part (~0.9 Ma) during the most recent period of reduced magmatism; (3) a topographic transition at ~0.7 Ma and during the last 0.1 Myr; and (4) an approximately uniform crustal thickness (8 km) along the entire I2 segment today. These observations require spatial and temporal variations in magma production during construction of the ASP Plateau over the last 3 Myr. We propose that during periods of weaker plume magma flux, spatial variations in upper mantle temperature and composition are small, and lead to small variations in crustal thickness along‐axis. In contrast, during periods of stronger plume magma flux, spatial contrasts in upper mantle temperature and composition (fertility) are large, leading to significant variations in crustal thickness. Along‐axis variations of 3He/4He, Δ8/4Pb, K/Ti, and Na8 in “zero‐age” basalts indicate that there is a gradient in the underlying mantle material, from a “common” mantle plume component (Δ8/4Pb~60) stronger in the north to a DUPAL component (Δ8/4Pb~110) dominating in the south.
Dipole Structure of Mixed Layer Salinity in Response to El Niño‐La Niña Asymmetry in the Tropical Pacific

The asymmetry of mixed layer salinity (MLS) anomalies in response to El Niño and La Niña events in the tropical Pacific is examined for the first time based on Argo observations and Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean simulation. The difference of MLS anomalies between El Niño and La Niña shows a dipole structure, with El Niño featuring strong negative salinity anomalies east of 160°E while La Niña shows remarkable positive salinity anomalies west of 160°E. A salinity budget analysis suggests that nonlinear zonal advection plays a dominant role in generating the asymmetric MLS structure. This dipole MLS structure acts to generate a dipole structure of barrier layer thickness and thus likely plays an important role in the development of El Niño–Southern Oscillation asymmetries in sea surface temperature.
Flood damage reduction benefits and costs in Louisiana’s 2017 Coastal Master Plan

The State of Louisiana faces a substantial planning challenge in addressing the joint problems of rapid coastal land loss and storm surge flood risk, exacerbated by rising sea levels and land subsidence. To address these twin challenges, Louisiana has developed a series of coastwide master plans that include substantial investments in coastal restoration and hurricane flood risk reduction, with the most recent update in 2017 that includes about $50 billion in projects to be implemented over 50 years (approximately 2016–2065). This research builds on the integrated modeling analysis conducted in support of Louisiana’s 2017 Coastal Master Plan. We use the Coastal Louisiana Risk Assessment (CLARA) model to project coastal flood damage over time under different scenarios, either in a future without action or with the master plan implemented according to its intended schedule. Analysis results suggest positive, notable benefits from risk reduction investments over a range of assumptions about future conditions and economic considerations. We estimate a 50-year net economic benefit from master plan risk reduction investments of $39.6 to $59.8 billion (benefit-cost ratios of 3.0 to 4.1) across several future scenarios with a 3% assumed discount rate, for instance. Scenarios with higher sea level rise (SLR) and coastal subsidence rates generally yield greater net economic benefit from flood risk reduction investments. Net benefit from risk reduction investments is negative only with the highest discount rate assumption (7%) and if costs are somewhat higher than initially estimated for structural or nonstructural projects. In general, implementing the master plan could yield considerable net economic benefit from damage reduction investment for coastal Louisiana in many plausible future scenarios if implemented as planned.
Evaluation of the Effects of some Weather Variables on UHF and VHF Receivers within Benin City, South-South Region of Nigeria

The effects of some essential meteorological variables such as temperature, relative humidity and mean sea level pressure on the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radio signals from Edo Broadcasting Service (EBS) transmitting at 743.25 MHz UHF and Very High Frequency (VHF) radio signals from Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) transmitting at 189.25 MHz VHF both in in Benin City, Edo State, South-South region of Nigerialocated within 6°20’17″N and 5°37’32″E was evaluated in this study. The measurements of the radio signal strength from EBS television station and radio signal strength from NTA television station were done using the Digital Community-Access/Cable Television (CATV) analyser, while a self-implemented weather monitoring device was used for the measurement of the weather variables simultaneously at an equidistant position within the City. The measurements were carried out continuously for every six hours (between 12am-1am, 6am-7am, 12pm-1pm and 6pm-7pm local time respectively) all through the year, 2018. From the obtained results, it was observed that the radio signals from both the UHF and VHF television stations were directly proportional to the temperature, inversely proportional to the relative humidity and no defined pattern of proportionality with the mean sea level pressure. Inferentially, the radio signals from the UHF television station were seen to be mostly affected by these weather variables and these effects were more pronounced during the months with high relative humidity compared with the months with lower relative humidity. However, a postulation that would still be subjected to further verification has been proposed from these results. It is believed that these results and proposed postulation would definitely be helpful in guiding and assisting the management of radio communication systems for planning and other purposes.
Integrated Life Cycle Economic and Environmental Impact Assessment for Transportation Infrastructure: A Review

In order to realize the sustainable development of transportation infrastructure, more and more attention has been paid to the multi-scheme selection method of road engineering, while the existing life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) methods are often isolated from each other, which cannot better realize the comprehensive evaluation of road life cycle. This chapter will review and summarize the development of LCCA and LCA systematically. Pointing out the existing problems in current research, the idea of integrated evaluation method combining LCA and LCCA is proposed. It puts forward the future development direction based on the deficiency of the current research results and provides useful reference for the popularization and application of the life cycle methods in road engineering.
Successful outcome of lamellar ichthyosis with oral retinoid therapy: A series of six cases

Lamellar ichthyosis (LI) is a rare skin disorder inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Affected babies are born in a collodion membrane that sheds gradually revealing extensive scaling of the skin. The present communication is intended to provide the details of oral isotretinoin therapy in the management of LI in six children. The dose of oral isotretinoin which produced maximum clearing of the lesions with minimum side effects was found to vary from 0.6 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg body weight among these children and the duration of therapy lasted from 6 to 16 weeks. Therapeutic improvement varied from excellent in four and mild to satisfactory in two children and cheilitis of the lips was observed to be the main side effect.
Anti-plasmodial Activity of Bee Sting in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

Aim: Based on traditional claims and practice, the antiplasmodial activity of bee stings and its effect on haematological indices was investigated in P. berghei infected mice. Methodology: Sixteen albino mice were intraperitoneally infected with chloroquine sensitive P. berghei strain and divided into four groups each consisted of four animals. Group I was set up as negative control of 0.2 ml normal Saline/kg body weight, group II as 5 mg chloroquine/kg body weight, group III had suppressive treatment and group IV was administered curative treatment. The thin blood smear was used to determine the parasiteamia counts and the haematological parameters were estimated on day 7. Results: The result of percentage chemosuppression shows that bee stings suppress the parasitaemia to 56.6%. Also, the suppressive and curative groups show longer mean survival period of 15.0 and 20.0 respectively. The haematological studies show that the level of packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration (HB) of infected untreated group was significantly (p<0.05) lower when compare with all other experimental groups, where as chloroquine treated Original Research Article Shittu and Eyihuri; IJTDH, 6(3): 80-85, 2015; Article no.IJTDH. 2015.042 81 group shows significant increase compared to the bee treated groups. The Red blood cell (R.B.C.) counts was significantly (p<0.05) lowered in infected untreated group when compare with suppressive and chloroquine treated groups. However the white blood cell (WBC) counts was significantly (p<0.05) higher in infected bee sting treated when compare to the infected untreated and infected chloroquine treated groups. Conclusion: Based on the result obtained, this study confirms the antiplasmodial activity of bee stings and suggests its potential as drug agent or lead against malaria.
Psychiatric Comorbidity in Health Care Professionals With Substance Use Disorders

Objective: To describe demographic, substance abuse patterns and treatment variables, and psychiatric comorbidity data from 84 health care providers who underwent an outpatient-based fitness-for-duty evaluation. Method: The health care providers were referred by a licensure board or professional advocacy/monitoring group. Information related to substance abuse history and treatment, psychiatric illness and treatment, licensure/career issues, and psychological test data derived from the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) were collected. Results: Two thirds of participants had a history of previous substance abuse treatment. Opioids were the most common drug of choice (60%) followed by alcohol (27%). More than two thirds of participants reported a comorbid psychiatric disorder with major depression accounting for approximately 40% of these cases and 58% reporting taking psychiatric medication. The PAI scores provided some support for depression being the most common psychiatric comorbidity, however, the PAI findings overall do not seem to support the contention in the literature that approximately 60% of health care professionals treated for substance use disorders may also have a comorbid psychiatric condition. Conclusions: Impaired health care providers in our study were on average at the midpoint of their careers and continued emphasis on early identification continues to be a priority. The reported rate of opioids as a primary drug of choice among the participants in this study has implications for treatment and monitoring. The rates of psychiatric comorbidity varied when examining self-report compared with the PAI data. Implications and suggestions given our findings among this group of health care professionals are offered.
Oil spills and CSR in the Russia's Pechora River Basin

Oil spills are negative externalities of oil extraction and transportation operations worldwide (Jernelöv, 2010). Frynas (2012) studied a global perspective of the evolution of oil spills management and established causality between the improvements in offshore oil spills prevention and advances in international mandatory regulation. He argues voluntary corporate initiatives pursued under the banner of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) also have a potential to enhance oil spills prevention and response.
Marooned on an Extinct Volcano: the Conservation Status of Four Endemic Land Snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) at Mount Kaputar, New South Wales

Volcanic activity in northern inland New South Wales between 40 and 15 million years ago was followed by general continental-scale drying and coastward contraction of mesic ecosystems between 15 and 2 million years ago. Together, these processes resulted in the creation of high-elevation climatic refuges such as Coolah Tops, Mount Kaputar and the Warrumbungle Range as western outposts of the mesic eastern highlands on the dry western slopes. These areas are important hotspots of land snail species diversity and endemism. A high-elevation and dry rainforest land snail community at Mount Kaputar, recognised as being of outstanding conservation signiﬁcance, was listed as an endangered ecological community under NSW legislation in 2013. Two species from this community, the Kaputar Pink Slug Triboniophorus sp. nov. “Kaputar” and Bronze Rippled Pinwheel Snail Cralopa kaputarensis , are currently listed on the IUCN Red List , as endangered and data deﬁcient respectively. This paper provides an updated assessment of the conservation status of the Kaputar Pink Slug, a reassessment of the Bronze Rippled Pinwheel Snail and original assessment of another two endemic Mount Kaputar species (Kaputar Carnivorous Snail Vitellidelos kaputarensis and Kaputar Keeled Snail Thersites sp. nov. “Kaputar”), concluding that all four species meet the criteria for listing as endangered on the IUCN Red List .
Management of Warfarin in Patients Desiring Tattoo Placement

Objective: To provide a review of the primary literature regarding recommendations for management of chronic warfarin therapy during tattoo placement. Data Sources: PubMed and IDIS were searched (up to May 2013) using the search terms vitamin K antagonists, warfarin, anticoagulation, tattoo, tattoo placement, cutaneous procedure, and cutaneous surgery. Study Selection and Data Extraction: No trials including subjects on warfarin undergoing tattoo placement were identified. Clinical trials were included if they were published in English and included subjects on chronic warfarin therapy undergoing cutaneous procedures. Tattoo placement is similar to cutaneous procedures as skin is marked by puncturing into the dermal layer and inserting pigments, and minor bleeding is possible. Thus, recommendations of anticoagulation management for cutaneous procedures were evaluated. Data Synthesis: Eleven articles evaluating warfarin continuation around cutaneous surgery met selection criteria. Ten articles evaluated hemorrhagic complications, and 1 article evaluated thrombotic risk of perioperative anticoagulation discontinuation. In patients continuing warfarin compared to discontinuing warfarin, perioperative bleeding rate was statistically higher in 4 studies, trended higher in 3 studies, and was comparable in 3 studies. Thrombotic risk was increased when warfarin was withheld perioperatively from patients on chronic therapy. Conclusions: Trials evaluating chronic warfarin therapy in patients undergoing cutaneous surgery have conflicting recommendations for warfarin continuation through surgery. At a minimum, international normalized ratio should be evaluated prior to procedures with delay if the international normalized ratio is elevated. Thrombotic risk should be fully assessed prior to holding warfarin in patients on chronic warfarin therapy. Trials evaluating management of chronic warfarin therapy in the setting of tattoo placement are needed.
Comparison of 2D SEM imaging with 3D micro-tomographic imaging for phylogenetic inference in brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

Recent efforts to reconstruct the phylogeny of brittle stars (ophiuroids) have shown the need for more objective and reproducible data collection methods than the traditional visual examination and verbal description of morphological characters. Complex skeletal structures may be better understood in three dimensions than in two dimensions obtained from techniques like scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We test this hypothesis using three types of three-dimensional tomographic imaging methods—lab-based micro-CT, X-ray microscopy and synchrotron-based tomography—to examine the morphology of ophiuroid arms, and compare them with two-dimensional data obtained from SEM. We describe the advantages and disadvantages of each instrument and set of parameters in terms of the ease and efficiency of data collection for morphometric analyses. We present new morphological observations obtained by digital sectioning of three-dimensional images that could not be achieved with SEM. Overall, our findings suggest that three-dimensional imaging has a high potential to address the gaps in knowledge of the internal ophiuroid skeleton, which will be pivotal to providing morphological characters that will aid in phylogenetic reconstructions.
Urban ecology of an endemic pigeon, the kererū

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Environmental trends between 2400 and 1200 BP in Barrancas, Argentinean Puna: Impacts on local resource variability and socioeconomic organization

This paper presents a multiproxy analysis—geomorphology, organic matter, and carbonate content, diatoms, pollen, and magnetic properties of sediments—of the Barrancas Pueblo profile, located in Barrancas, Jujuy, Argentina (S 23°18′08,7; W 66°05′15,2; 3666 m.a.s.l.) to explore local environmental change over the last few millennia. This study is part of a broader investigation of the environmental conditions that facilitated and/or triggered the development of a mixed herding and hunting economic strategy during the late Holocene. The results suggest ongoing local moisture availability for most of the late Holocene; between 2400 and 1500 BP there was a stable, low energy environment that supported a vegetated floodplain, resulting in high availability of pasture and water. However, throughout most of the studied period, there were punctual arid episodes and erosion of the river catchment. High environmental variability post‐3000 cal BP could have put a premium on strategies to reduce the risk associated with resource unpredictability, such as economic specialization and intensification and storage practices designed to control and mitigate resource variability. This process could have ultimately lead to the consolidation of the Andean pastoralist way of life ca. 3000–2500 BP.