Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathological test type and chemical detection using deep neural networks: a case study using ELISA and LFA assays

Purpose The gradual increase in geriatric issues and global imbalance of the ratio between patients and healthcare professionals has created a demand for intelligent systems with the least error-prone diagnosis results to be used by less medically trained persons and save clinical time. This paper aims at investigating the development of an image-based colourimetric analysis. The purpose of recognising such tests is to support wider users to begin a colourimetric test to be used at homecare settings, telepathology, etc. Design/methodology/approach The concept of an automatic colourimetric assay detection is delivered by utilising two cases. Training Deep Learning (DL) models on thousands of images of these tests using transfer learning, this paper i) classifies the type of the assay, and ii) classifies the colourimetric results. Findings This paper demonstrated that the assay type can be recognised using DL techniques with 100% accuracy within a fraction of a second. Some of the advantages of the pre-trained model over the calibration-based approach are robustness, readiness and suitability to deploy for similar applications within a shorter period of time. Originality/value To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to provide Colourimetric Assay Type Classification (CATC) using DL. Humans are capable to learn thousands of visual classifications in their life. Object recognition may be a trivial task for humans, due to photometric and geometric variabilities along with the high degree of intra-class variabilities it can be a challenging task for machines. However, transforming visual knowledge into machines, as proposed, can support non-experts to better manage their health and reduce some of the burdens on experts.
Effects of GTW on expression of EGF and the intervention effect of Tusizi flavones in male juvenile rats

Objective: To study the effect of GTW on expression of EGF and the intervention effect of Tusizi flavones in male juvenile rats.Methods: The 48 male juvenile SD rats of 3-weeks old were divided into 4 groups randomly: normal group,GTW group,Liuwei-Dihuang-Wan and GTW group(Liuwei group),Tusizi flavones combined GTW group(flavones group);After 12 weeks of intragastric administration,the expression of EGF mRNA in testis was detected with in situ hybridization technique,the expression of EGF protein in testis was detected with Western Blot.Results: The mean OD value of EGF mRNA and EGF protein expression in testicle tissue in GTW group was remarkably lower than it was in normal group,with significant difference(P0.05);The mean OD value of EGF mRNA and EGF protein expression in testicle tissue in flavones group was remarkably higher than it is in GTW group(P0.01). Conclusion: We presume that the GTW can decrease EGF mRNA and EGF protein expression in male juvenile rats,which was improved by Tusizi flavones.
The parasitic copepod Lernaea cyprinacea from freshwater fishes, including alien species (Gambusia affinis and Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus), in central Japan

愛知県名古屋市と西尾市にある池沼と河川で採集した淡水魚を調べたところ，カイアシ類の1種，イカリムシLernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758の寄生を認めた。 寄生を受けていたのはカダヤシGambusia affinis，タイリクバラタナゴRhodeus ocellatus ocellatus，モツゴPseudorasbora parvaおよびフナ属の1種Carassius sp. である。 わが国で，国外外来魚のカダヤシとタイリクバラタナゴにイカリムシの寄生を認めたのは本論文が最初である。
EFFECT OF CERTAIN MICROELEMENTS ON GRAIN SORGHUM STALK ROT CAUSED BY Fusarium moniliforme J. SHELD.

Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)] is subjected to infection by certain diseases causing great and substantial damage to the crop. Fusarium stalk rot of sorghum caused by F. moniliforme (J. Sheld) represents the common stalk rot in Egypt and many areas of the world. The tested sorghum cultivars reacted differently to F. moniliforme in the two tested seasons. Giza15 sorghum cv. exhibited the highest percentage of infection and disease index followed by Shandaweel 6. Dourado sorghum cv. exhibited the lowest percentage of infection and disease index in both growing seasons. In vitro, the microelements (copper, zinc, manganese and their mixture) at 2g L -1 significantly reduced the linear growth of F. moniliforme. Copper and the mixture treatment exhibited the highest toxic effect on the tested pathogen, followed by zinc. Manganese exhibited the lowest toxic effect. Seed treatments with different microelements significantly increased peroxidase activity in sorghum leaves as compared with untreated ones. The highest peroxidase activity was obtained in both sorghum cultivars with the mixture treatment and copper then, zinc treatment. Treatment of sorghum seeds with manganese exhibited the lowest peroxidase activity in both Giza15 and Dourado sorghum cultivars. Chlorophyll a and b concentrations in the leaves of copperand zinctreated plants were significantly higher than those of manganese compared with untreated plants (control). In mixture treatments, the interaction between sorghum cultivars and microelements had significant effect on chlorophyll content. Based on the present data, it is recommended to use a mixture of microelements on grain sorghum to control or at least alleviate the infection by F. moniliforme.
Influence of habitat attributes on density of Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) in agricultural ecosystems

In agriculturally fragmented ecosystems, mesopredators play dominant roles in food webs through scavenging. We examined the influence of habitat attributes associated with carrion on local Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana Kerr, 1792) density in an agricultural landscape. We conducted opossum mark–recapture in 25 forest patches from 2005 to 2010, which represented the most extensive sampling of opossums to date. We analyzed mark–recapture data with a closed robust design and evaluated effects of landscape features linked to carrion on opossum density and female opossum density with generalized linear mixed-effects models. We included landscape-level (1481.6 m buffer) and patch-level covariates linked to carrion in addition to other covariates associated with high opossum densities. We developed a set of 19 candidate models and examined model fit with Akaike’s information criterion. The top model for opossum density included the density of adjoining roads, whereas the top model for female density incl.
Kinesin-1 Traffic Control in Neuronal Highway

Context: The current study aimed to review research articles concerning kinesin-1 traffic control in the neuronal highways Evidence Acquisition: This review article compromised previous studies published since 1980 using PubMed, Google scholar, Embase, Medline, science direct and SID databases according to the keywords. Results: Kinesin-1 often recognizes scaffold proteins or adaptor proteins and binds to cargo membrane proteins directly as part of a protein complex. Several kinases and microtubule associated proteins are identified in the regulation of motor-cargo unloading. The mechanisms by which kinesin-1 recognizes and binds to specific cargos, and how to unload cargo and determine the direction of transport, are now identified. Conclusions: In summary, the current review article demonstrated that some proteins such as adaptors, Scaffolds, chaperons and microtubule associated proteins and some metabolites, hormones, protein kinases and exercise training can regulate kinesin-1 traffic control in neuronal highway. These findings open exciting new areas of kinesin-1 research. Keywords: Kinesin-1, Scaffold Proteins, Adaptor Proteins, Neuronal Transport
Insect Composition of the Mosquito Magnet Pro® Mosquito Trap in Northeastern Ohio

The trap composition of 6 Mosquito Magnet Pro® mosquito traps from northeastern Ohio is given by insect order, dipteran family, and mosquito species. A total of 395 mosquitoes (Culicidae), 20,984 biting midges (Ceratopogonidae), 196 black flies (Simuliidae), and 318 stable flies (Muscidae: Stomoxys sp.) was captured. Non-biting fly abundance accounts for 49.6% of the total catch. Large variation occurred among dates and traps.
From inocula to biological reactors: molecular characterization of N-cycle bacterial assemblages in a PANAMMOX process

Nowadays, the combination of the autotrophic nitrification together with heterotrophic denitrification is the most common process for N-removal in the WWTPs. However, when the C:N ratio is low, this two-step process does not properly work and an external C source must be added. The anammox bacteria are the target of this thesis, capable to oxidize ammonium under chemolithotrophic and anaerobic conditions. The main aim of this doctoral thesis is the search and enrichment of the anammox bacteria for a long time period, in order to be used as inocula for an anammox bioreactor. Once identified, several molecular techniques were used to optimize their detection and made it faster, to characterize their bacterial ecological partners and to study the composition of the ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria populations, required to obtain a suitable ammonium concentration in the influent of the anammox reactor.
The Determination of the Salt Relations of the Cytoplasmic Phase in Cells of Beetroot Tissue

An analysis of the rate at which isotope diffuses out of disks of beetroot tissue shows that there are at least two components of the non-free space. As tlwse components are not due to differences in cell type within the tissue, it is suggested they are due to a cytoplasmic phase in the parenchymatou's cells, and to the vacuoles.
Effects of Cane Length and Dormant Season Pruning Date on Cold Hardiness and Water Content of Concord Bud and Cane Tissues

Pruning studies were conducted in Concord vineyards over a five year period to determine the effects of dormant season pruning date and cane length on cold hardiness and water content of buds and canes as assessed by field mortality and artificial freezing test. In spring, fall-pruned vines showed more field bud kill than unpruned controls, but results of artificial freezing tests were inconsistent. Although gross water content of primary buds was inversely related to cold hardiness in a general way, specific hardiness differences could not be correlated with changes in water content.
Induction of Apoptosis in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells by Sri Lankan Endemic Mango (Mangifera zeylanica) Fruit Peel through Oxidative Stress and Analysis of its Phytochemical Constituents

In this study, in vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the organic extracts (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) of Mangifera zeylanica fruit peel and flesh on estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 cancer cells were examined. Chloroform extract of the peel was found to be cytotoxic to cancer cells (IC50 78.46 ± 1.7 µg/mL) while none of the flesh extracts were cytotoxic. Caspase 7 activity was increased and DNA fragmentation as well as morphological features of apoptosis shown by acridine orange/ethidium bromide and Hoechst (33258) staining occurred in response to the chloroform extract of the peel. Peel chloroform extract also increased production of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, glutathione-S-transferase and super oxide dismutase and depleted glutathione levels. The overall results of our study suggest that the peel chloroform extract can induce breast cancer cell apoptosis, perhaps by activation of an oxidative stress mechanism. Practical Applications Mangifera zeylanica (Sri Lankan endemic mango) is a plant endemic to Sri Lanka with edible fruits. Traditional Ayurvedic practitioners have used the bark of this plant for the treatment of some cancers. In the present study, the ability of Sri Lankan endemic mango fruit peel and flesh to inhibit MCF-7 breast cancer was explored. Only the chloroform extract of the fruit peel exhibited the capacity to mediate apoptosis via oxidative stress mechanism and this activity appeared to be due to the presence of some bio-active phytochemicals in the peel. This preliminary observation provides a rationale for use of dried M. zeylanica fruit peel as a cheap anticancer dietary supplement in Sri Lanka.
Probiotics for treating bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is said to be the most common vaginal syndrome affecting fertile, premenopausal, and pregnant women. Bacterial vaginosis is associated with important adverse health conditions and infectious complications. Therapy with oral or local recommended antibiotics is often associated with failure and high rates of recurrences. The dominance of lactobacilli in healthy vaginal microbiota and its depletion in bacterial vaginosis has given rise to the concept of oral or vaginal use of probiotic Lactobacillus strains for the treatment and prevention of bacterial vaginosis. This review investigated the evidence for the use of a single strain or cocktail of probiotics, administered orally or intravaginally, either alone or in conjunction with antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.
Age, growth and otolith morphometry of Capoeta angorae (Cyprinidae) collected from Menzelet Reservoir and Firniz Stream (Turkey) Menzelet Baraji ve Firniz Çayi'ndan yakalanan Capoeta angorae (Cyprinidae)'nin yaş, büyüme ve otolit morfometrisi (Türkiye)

Age, growth rates and otolith morphometry of Capoeta angorae, collected by using electro shocker, were determined from the Firniz Stream and Menzelet Reservoir between August 2011 and November 2012. A total of 175 otoliths were obtained from C. angorae that ranged between 7.5 and 27.0 cm L were used in the analysis. The overall male : female ratio (M : F = 1.52 : 1.00) was biased in favour of males. Student's t-test revealed significant differences between sexes, regarding total length (P 0.05).
ANIMAL CLONES AND DIVERSITY

ral clones are particularly relevant as an era begins in which the artificial cloning of mammals, and potentially humans, is no longer a fantasy. To an evolutionary biologist, sex is meiotic recombination and outcrossing, which together create genetically diverse offspring that interact uniquely with the environment in each new generation. Meiotic sex originated in our single-celled protist ancestors, and except for the evolution of distinct male and female gametes (i.e., small motile sperm Studies of animal clones
Species-specific composition pattern of milk ribonucleosides and -nucleotides : chemical and physiological aspects

On a mesure les quantites les plus elevees de ribonucleosides et de ribonucleotides directement apres la parturition dans le lait humain et des ruminants. En general, les concentrations de la plupart des ribonucleos(t)ides ont tendance a diminuer graduellement avec le temps d'allaitement ou bien l'avancement de la periode de lactation. Le patron specifique de l'espece de ces constituants mineurs dans le lait de differents mammiferes est une propriete remarquable et confirme au moins les repercussions specifiques physiologiques de ces combinaisons mineures aux premiers temps de la vie de l'enfant. Des nucleos(t)ides alimentaires sont surtout ingeres sous forme de nucleoproteines et sont convertis en des combinaisons monomeres au cours de la digestion intestinale. Des nucleosides et des nucleobases sont transportes via des systemes de translocation specifiques qui sont localises dans des cellules epitheliales intestinales et renales. Les combinaisons derivees de l'acide nucleique sont donc utilisees par le corps comme des sources trophochimiques exogenes et peuvent jouer un role par rapport aux fonctions optimales. Des nucleos(t)ides se sont donc averes semi-essentiels; on a calcule que jusqu'a 20 % des besoins totaux quotidiens d'un enfant allaite au sein provient des acides nucleiques alimentaires et des combinaisons apparentees; le reste resulte de la synthese de novo. Des nucleos(t)ides pourraient influer sur la reponse immunitaire et contribuer a l'absorption de fer dans l'intestin. On suggere donc que le lait humain est un facteur qui contribue a faciliter l'absorption de fer et la reponse immunitaire chez l'enfant allaite au sein. On a trouve que des nucleos(t)ides influent sur la desaturation et des vitesses d'elongation dans la synthese d'acides gras, particulierement des acides gras polyinsatures aux premiers temps de la vie de l'enfant. La modulation in vitro de la proliferation de cellules et l'apoptose a ete decrite pour la premiere fois a l'aide de ribonucleosides, particulierement des combinaisons modifiees en utilisant des modeles de cultures de cellules humaines. A cause des proprietes bio- et trophochimiques des nucleos(t)ides alimentaires la Commission Europeenne a recemment admis des aliments pour nourrissons supplementes en ribonucleotides specifiques. Sous l'angle technico-chimique des ribonucleosides sont des indicateurs chimiques utiles afin de quantifier des adulterations du lait et des produits laitiers, par exemple le traitement thermique du lait et l'identification des types de beurre.
Protein Hydrolysates and Ultrafiltration Fractions Obtained from Krill (Euphausia superba): Nutritional, Functional, Antioxidant, and ACE-Inhibitory Characterization

ABSTRACT Krill (Euphausia superba) was hydrolyzed by proteolytic enzymes in order to produce multifunctional bioactive peptides, and their functional properties were evaluated. Krill protein hydrolysate (KPH) by pepsin with 4-h hydrolysis showed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities. The solubility and foaming properties of KPH were higher than those of the unhydrolyzed krill protein at a wide range of pHs. KPH was further fractionated based on molecular weight. The 1- to 3-kDa peptide fraction exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 value of 0.5 mg/mL), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (497.39 ± 4.31 µM TE/mg fraction), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid cation radical scavenging activity (48.41 ± 0.23 µM TE/mg fraction), and reducing power (110.40 ± 2.07 µM TE/mg fraction). However, the < 1-kDa peptide fraction exhibited a higher ACE inhibitory activity than that of other fractions. The 1- to 3- and < 1-kDa peptide fractions are rich in aromatic and hydrophobic amino acids, respectively.
Does wing morphology reflect different foraging strategies in sibling bat species Plecotus auritus and P. austriacus

Variability of wing shape of the genus Plecotus in Central Europe was studied in 159 individuals of P auritus (n = 109) and of P austriacus (n = 50). Measurements of all metacarpals and phalanges of digit III, IV and V aswell as measurements of forearm were taken from live animals (n = 102) and from museum dry specimens (n = 57). Interspecific differences of the relative length of the first phalanges of digits III, IV and V to the total length of corresponding digits were observed. A difference in relative wing tip length to the forearm length (wing tip index) was also found. In P austriacus the wing tip is significantly longer than in P auritus. However the first phalanx of digit III in P. austriacus is significantly shorter. An adaptive importance of this morphometric difference is discussed.
Sensory and Microbial Quality of Chicken as Affected by Irradiation and Postirradiation Storage at 4.0°C.

Chickens were subjected to gamma irradiation doses of 2.5, 5.0,7.5, and 10.0 kGy using a semi-commercial gamma irradiation facility. The irradiated and unirradiated (control) chickens were stored at 4.0°C, and samples were drawn at day 0 and at 3-day intervals up to 21 days for sensory and microbiological analyses. All irradiation doses (2.5 to 10.0 kGy) had little effect on the sensory acceptability (appearance, odor, texture, taste) of both raw and cooked chicken (breast and thigh). Irradiation extended the time during which these characteristics were acceptable. Moreover, juiciness and tenderness of cooked chicken were only slightly affected by irradiation, and chickens were not rejected even after 21 days of storage. A dose of 2.5 kGy seemed adequate to extend the shelf life of chicken by 12 days, and increasing the dose level above 2.5 kGy gave little if any additional benefit as far as total and psychrotrophic bacterial counts are concerned. Moreover, the dose of 2.5 kGy was enough to destroy Salmonella , Yersinia , and Campylobacter species and coliforms. The study also showed that yeasts of the genera Candida , Saccharomyces , and Alternaria started to grow on day 12 in samples treated with ≥5.0 kGy, but not in samples treated with <5.0 kGy.
Humpback whales interfering when mammal-eating killer whales attack other species: mobbing behavior and interspecific altruism?

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are known to interfere with attacking killer whales (Orcinus orca). To investigate why, we reviewed accounts of 115 interactions between them. Humpbacks initiated the majority of interactions (57% vs. 43%; n=72), although the killer whales were almost exclusively mammal-eating forms (MEKWs, 95%) vs. fish-eaters (5%; n=108). When MEKWs approached humpbacks (n=27), they attacked 85% of the time and targeted only calves. When humpbacks approached killer whales (n=41), 93% were MEKWs, and >87% of them were attacking or feeding on prey at the time. When humpbacks interacted with attacking MEKWs, 11% of the prey were humpbacks and 89% comprised 10 other species, including 3 cetaceans, 6 pinnipeds, and 1 teleost fish. Approaching humpbacks often harassed attacking MEKWs (>55% of 56 interactions), regardless of the prey species, which we argue was mobbing behavior. Humpback mobbing sometimes allowed MEKW prey, including nonhumpbacks, to escape. We suggest that humpbacks initially responded to vocalizations of attacking MEKWs without knowing the prey species targeted. Although reciprocity or kin selection might explain communal defense of conspecific calves, there was no apparent benefit to humpbacks continuing to interfere when other species were being attacked. Interspecific altruism, even if unintentional, could not be ruled out.
Environmental factors influencing the distribution and abundance of the introduced signal crayfish in the north of Iberian Peninsula

The identification of habitat requirements of invasive species is essential to evaluate their spread and to assess the vulnerability of recipient ecosystems. We studied the distribution and abundance of the invasive signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) in 43 sites in northern Spain and analysed the relationships with several abiotic and biotic parameters of the aquatic ecosystems. Our results indicated that the abundance of signal crayfish was positively associated with vegetation cover and negatively associated with boulders. Also, its abundance was positively correlated with water temperature, organic matter, cations (e.g. sodium), anions (e.g. sulfates) and abundance of some native fish species (Parachondrostoma miegii and Luciobarbus graellsii). We concluded that the habitat of signal crayfish is among salmonid stretches (headwaters) with cold waters and low proportion of organic debris, and among cyprinid stretches (low waters) with warmer waters which it inhabits with another invasive crayfish, the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Our analysis indicated that the presence of signal crayfish is limited in the uppermost stretches by lower water temperatures and a lower proportion of organic debris. The existence of a natural environmental limiting factor in upstream reaches facilitates the conservation of aquatic ecosystems and native fauna.