Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry and tectonic significance of ophiolites along the İzmir–Ankara–Erzincan Suture Zone in northeastern Anatolia

Abstract The Ankara–Erzincan suture zone includes large bodies of ophiolite and ophiolitic melange in northeastern Anatolia. The ophiolitic bodies are (1) Refahiye (Erzincan), (2) Şahvelet (Erzurum), (3) Karadağ (Erzurum) and (4) Kırdağ (Erzurum). The ophiolite-related units include well-preserved sections of oceanic lithospheric and accretionary melanges with local blueschist assemblages. The ophiolite-related units in NE Anatolia are unconformably overlain by Campanian–Maastrichtian-aged sediments that were later imbricated with the ophiolitic rocks. Geochemical data for the individual ophiolite sections indicate a tholeiitic composition, depletion in Nb, enrichment in large ion lithophile elements, parallel to slightly depleted high field strength element patterns (compared with normal-mid ocean ridge basalt), and slightly light rare earth element-depleted to parallel rare earth element trends. These features suggest progressive source depletion towards island arc tholeiites and finally boninites. A fore-arc setting is proposed for the generation of the ophiolites. In contrast, the volcanic rocks from the mélange units exhibit tholeiitic to alkaline compositions and either depletion or enrichment of rare earth element and high field strength elements. Seamount-type alkaline and subduction-related tholeiitic basaltic rocks were apparently juxtaposed during subduction/accretion. Models involving either a single north-dipping subduction zone or two north-dipping subduction zones may be applicable. Both models involve the generation of supra-subduction zone-type ophiolites in a forearc setting, an accretionary prism (with blueschists) and a volcanic arc during the Late Cretaceous. The ophiolites, ophiolitic melange and related blueschists were emplaced either northwards onto the Pontide margin or southwards over the passive margin of the Tauride platform.
Magnetite deformation mechanism maps for better prediction of strain partitioning

A meta‐analysis of existing experimental deformation data for magnetite and other spinel‐structured ferrites reveals that previously published flow laws are inadequate to describe the general deformation behavior of magnetite. Using updated rate equations for oxygen diffusion in magnetite, we present new flow laws that closely predict creep rates similar to those found in deformation experiments and that can be used to predict strain partitioning between cubic Fe oxides and other phases in the Earth's crust. New deformation mechanism maps for magnetite have been constructed as functions of temperature and grain size. Using the revised creep parameters, estimates of strain partitioning between magnetite, ilmenite, and plagioclase indicate that concentrated zones of Fe‐Ti oxides in oceanic crust near slow‐spreading ridges could accommodate significant amounts of strain at moderate temperatures and may contribute to aseismic creep along spreading‐segment faults.
Growth and nutritional responses of western hemlock to fertilization: A review

Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) dominates coastal forests of British Columbia. Current age-class distributions may reduce wood supply in the near term. Fertilization might improve growth and supply, but hemlock is considered unresponsive or erratic in its response. This paper reviews how hemlock has responded to fertilization in past studies and discusses some of the difficulties in interpreting those responses.Topics include (1) nutrient deficiencies (2) experimental designs used, and growth and nutritional responses measured, (3) relationships between nutrient availability and growth of hemlock and associated conifers, and fertilization effects as influenced (4) by site and (5) by tree and stand characteristics. Few generalizations can be drawn from the literature. Phosphorus (P) additions may enhance response to additions of nitrogen (N), although P-deficient stands remain difficult to identify without measuring a response to P fertilization. For older (mid-rotation) stands, it is not possible to separate possible effects of stand age, stand density, and site and treatment applied (e.g., N-only versus N+P) on response to fertilization. There is a need to better define constraints on growth responses (nutrients, moisture, light) to fertilization in mid-rotation stands on key site types. Field experiments should be initiated to better define the relationships among stand age, stand density, stem growth, stand productivity, and stand leaf area, and to determine how these parameters may be influenced by nutrient availability. New experiments should apply more nutrients than N alone and should be designed to better characterize how nutrient supply and stand nutrient demand change with stand development.
The Landes experiment: Monoterpenes emitted from the maritime pine

The emissions of monoterpenes from maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) were recorded during a measurement campaign in the Landes forest. Analyses were carried out with an automatic sampling device. The emission rates were determined via the enclosure method. Daily cycles of atmospheric concentrations of α and β-pinene, Δ3-carene, and limonene were recorded. The concentrations measured for all terpenes were seen to vary within the range of 0.2 to 3.4 ppbV, exhibiting minimum values at daytime and maximum at night. The daily cycles of emission rates exhibit a maximum diurnal value of 237 ng g−1 h−1 and a minimum nocturnal value of 9 ng g−1 h−1. The emission rates recorded for α and β-pinene were much higher than those corresponding to other monoterpenes. The average values are 70 μg m−2 h−1 for α and β-pinene and 30 μg m−2 h−1 for other monoterpenes. The emission rates of terpenic compounds were correlated with temperature, light intensity, vapor pressure, and with the product of the relative monoterpene amount within the plant and the corresponding vapor pressure.
Association of the Comprehensive ESRD Care (CEC) Model with Treatment Adherence

Background: Poor adherence to scheduled dialysis treatments is common and can cause adverse clinical and economic outcomes. In 2015, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation launched the Comprehensive End-Stage Renal Disease Care (CEC) Model, a novel modification of the Accountable Care Organization framework. Many Model participants reported efforts to increase dialysis adherence and promptly reschedule missed treatments. Methods: With Medicare databases covering 2014-2019, we used difference-in-differences models to compare treatment adherence among patients aligned to 1,037 CEC facilities relative to those aligned to matched comparison facilities, while accounting for their differences at baseline. Using dates of service, we identified patients who typically received three weekly treatments and the days when treatments typically occurred. Skipped treatments were defined as days when the patient was not hospitalized but did not receive an expected treatment, and rescheduled treatments as days when a patient who had skipped their previous treatment received an additional treatment before their next expected treatment date. Results: Patients in the CEC Model had higher odds of attending as-scheduled sessions relative to the comparison group, though the effect was only marginally significant (OR=1.018, p=0.076). Effects were stronger among females (OR=1.028, p=0.062) than males (OR=1.010, p=0.485), and among those under 70 years (OR=1.024, p=0.040) than those 70+ (OR=0.999, p=0.963). The CEC was associated with higher odds of rescheduled sessions (OR=1.092, p<0.001). Effects were significant for both sexes, but were larger among males (OR=1.109, p<0.0001) than females (OR=1.070, p=0.012), and effects were significant among those under 70 years (OR=1.121, p<0.0001), but not those 70+ years (OR=0.990, p=0.796). Conclusions: The CEC Model is intended to incentivize strategies to prevent costly interventions. Because poor dialysis adherence may precipitate hospitalizations or other adverse events, many CEC Model participants encouraged adherence and promptly rescheduled missed treatments as strategic priorities. This study suggests the success of these efforts, though the absolute magnitudes of the effects were modest. Abstract Background Poor adherence to scheduled dialysis treatments is common and can cause adverse clinical and economic outcomes. In 2015, the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation launched the Comprehensive End-Stage Renal Disease Care (CEC) Model, a novel modification of the Accountable Care Organization framework. Many Model participants reported efforts to increase dialysis adherence and promptly reschedule missed treatments. With to compare treatment adherence among patients aligned to relative comparison while Using we identified three and when typically Skipped were defined when but and rescheduled as when a an additional their next
Sperm whales (Physeteroidea) from the Pisco Formation, Peru, and their trophic role as fat sources for late Miocene sharks

Shark–cetacean trophic interactions, preserved as bite marks in the fossil record, mostly correspond to isolated or fragmentary findings that bear limited information about major trophic patterns or roles. Here, we provide evidence of focalized foraging by sharks in the form of tooth bite marks over physeteroids fossil bones from the late Miocene of Peru. These findings indicate that sharks were targeting the forehead of coeval physeteroids to actively feed on their lipid-rich nasal complexes. Miocene physeteroids displayed a broad diversity, including giant predatorial forms, small benthic foragers and suction feeders. Like their extant relatives, these animals exhibited enlarged fatty forehead organs responsible for their sound production capabilities, thus evolving taxon-specific cranial architecture. Bite marks are found on the cranial bones where these structures were attached, indicating that sharks actively targeted this region; but also, in areas that would only be accessible following the consumption of the surrounding soft tissues. The shape of the bite marks and their distribution suggests a series of consecutive scavenging events by individuals of different shark species. Similar bite patterns can be recognized on other Miocene physeteroids fossils from across the globe, suggesting that sharks actively exploited physeteroid carcasses as fat sources.
Impact of Sea Surface Temperature and Soil Moisture on Seasonal Rainfall Prediction over the Sahel

Abstract The ensemble rainfall forecasts over the Sahel for July–September (JAS) from the NCEP Coupled Forecast System (CFS) were evaluated for the period 1981–2002. The comparison with the gauge-based precipitation analysis indicates that the predicted Sahel rainfall is light and exhibits little interannual variability. The rain belt is shifted about 4° southward. One major source of rainfall errors comes from the erroneous sea surface temperature (SST) forecasts. The systematic SST error pattern has positive errors in the North Pacific and the North Atlantic and negative errors in the tropical Pacific and the southern oceans. It resembles the decadal SST mode, which has a significant influence on rainfall over the Sahel. Because the systematic SST errors were not corrected during the forecasts, persistent errors serve as an additional forcing to the atmosphere. The second source of error is from the soil moisture feedback, which contributes to the southward shift of rainfall and dryness over West Africa.
GENERATION AND ACCUMULATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN A DEEP “BURIED HILL” STRUCTURE IN THE BAXIAN DEPRESSION, BOHAI BAY BASIN, EASTERN CHINA

Significant volumes of hydrocarbons have been produced from karstified Infracambrian dolomites in a “buried hill” structure at depths of 5860m to 6027m and reservoir temperatures of 190–201°C in well Niudong‐1 in the Baxian depression, Bohai Bay Basin. This is the deepest oil and gas discovery made in eastern China so far and structures at similar depths are targets for exploration elsewhere in the Bohai Bay Basin. However the origin and accumulation of the hydrocarbons at Niudong‐1 is not clear: they may have been generated from highly mature lacustrine source rocks in the Sha‐4 Member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation; or they may have been derived from thermal cracking of previously‐accumulated oil.
Impact of Land-use Change on Proteolytic Activity of Mountain Meadows

Casein-protease activity assessed at 50°C and with adjustment of optimum pH conditions (PA), and casein- protease activity near soil pH and at field soil temperature (LPA) were studied one vegetation period in mountain meadow soils covered with moderately mown vegetation, and over which vegetation had been abandoned for thirteen years. PA peaked in the first part of the vegetation season whereas LPA increased throughout the season; in addi - tion, LPA was not linearly related to temperature ( r = 0.127 resp. 0.312; P > 0.05). The combined effect of field soil temperature and pH decreased a casein-protease activity by > 98.4%. A management of meadows had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on PA and LPA.
Individual variation in PROP status, fungiform papillae density and responsiveness to taste 1 stimuli in a large population sample 2

Despite considerable research investigating the role of PROP bitterness perception and variation of fungiform papillae density (FPD) in food perception, this relationship remains controversial as well as the association between the two phenotypes. Data from 1119 subjects (38.6% male; 18-60 years) enrolled in 28 the Italian Taste project were analysed. Responsiveness to the bitterness of PROP was assessed on the 29 general Labelled Magnitude Scale. FPD was determined from manual counting on digital images of the 30 tongue. Solutions of tastes, astringent and pungent sensations were prepared to be moderate/strong on a 31 gLMS. Four foods had tastants added to produce four variations in target sensations from weak to strong 32 (pear juice: citric acid, sourness, chocolate pudding: sucrose, sweetness; bean purée: sodium chloride, 33 saltiness and tomato juice: capsaicin, pungency). Females gave ratings to PROP and showed FPD that were 34 significantly higher than males. Both phenotype markers significantly decreased with age. No significant 35 correlations were found between PROP ratings and FPD. FPD variation doesn’t affect perceived intensity of 36 solutions. Responsiveness to PROP positively correlated to perceived intensity of most stimuli in solution. 37 A significant effect of FPD on perceived intensity of target sensation in foods was found in a few cases. Responsiveness to PROP positively affected all taste intensities in subjects with low FPD while there were no significant effects of PROP in high FPD subjects. These data highlight a complex interplay between PROP status and FPD and the need of a critical reconsideration of their role in food perception and acceptability.
Removing source-side scattering for virtual deep seismic sounding (VDSS)

SUMMARY We present a method that extends both the applicability and the quality of virtual deep seismic sounding (VDSS)—a technique for estimating crustal thickness that is robust even if the crust– mantle transition is complex or the crustal thickness is large. The results are important for studies of crustal contributions to isostasy and for understanding dynamic topography due to mantle convection. VDSS uses S -to- P conversions beneath seismic stations as virtual sources for large, post-critical reﬂections off the Moho, that is, the seismic phase SsPmp . Original applications of VDSS rely on deep earthquakes as sources of illumination to circumvent strong, near-source scattering (e.g. depth phases) and are, therefore, limited by the uneven distribution of deep seismicity. The method presented here effectively removes effects of the earthquake source wavelet (SW, including complexities arising from long, complicated source time functions and near-source scattering) and can be applied to signal from shallow and deep earthquakes. It involves two steps. First, based on analyses of particle motion, we separate ‘pseudo- P ’ and ‘pseudo- S ’ wave trains from the vertical and the radial component of ground motion. The latter is then used as the appropriate reference time-series for the deconvolution of the vertical and the radial component of ground motion. Since the reference time-series contains both the SW and S -type signals due to scattering near the receiver, the deconvolution also effectively removes S -type multiples, such as the phase SsPms and related reverberations. Applying this method to synthetic seismograms veriﬁes that it is robust in removing complex SWs, even in the presence of random or signal-generated noise. The method is further validated using data recorded by the Hi-CLIMB array from both deep and shallow earthquakes. Impulsive signals are now routinely achieved, signiﬁcantly improving both the quality and quantity of results from VDSS.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Curcumin restores corticosteroid function in monocytes exposed to oxidants by maintaining HDAC2

Oxidative stress as a result of cigarette smoking is an important etiologic factor in thepathogenesisofchronicobstructivepulmonary disease (COPD), a chronic steroid-insensitive inﬂammatory disease of the airways. Histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2), a critical component ofthe corticosteroid anti-inﬂammatory action, isimpaired in lungsof patients with COPD and correlates with disease severity. We demon-strate here that curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a dietary polyphenol, at nanomolar concentrations speciﬁcally restores cigarette smoke extract (CSE)- or oxidative stress–impaired HDAC2 activity and corticosteroid efﬁcacy in vitro with an EC 50 of approximately 30 nM and 200 nM, respectively. CSE caused a reduction in HDAC2 protein expression that was restored by curcumin. This decrease in HDAC2 protein expression was reversed by curcumin even in the presence of cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. The proteasomal inhibitor, MG132, also blocked CSE-induced HDAC2 degradation, in- creasing the levels of ubiquitinated HDAC2. Biochemical and gene chip analysis indicated that curcumin at concentrations up to 1 m M propagates its effect via antioxidant-independent mechanisms asso- ciated with the phosphorylation-ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Thus curcumin acts at a post-translational level by maintaining both HDAC2activityandexpression,therebyreversingsteroidinsensitivity inducedbyeitherCSEoroxidativestressinmonocytes.Curcuminmay therefore have potential to reverse steroid resistance, which is common in patients with COPD and asthma.
MODIS‐derived ocean color products along the China east coastal region

Ocean water‐leaving radiance spectra extending from the visible (blue) to the near‐infrared (NIR) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements are reported here for the China east coastal region. The China east coastal region contains some of the most consistently highly turbid coastal waters to be found anywhere. For turbid waters, standard MODIS data processing often produces significant errors in the derived ocean color products due to significant ocean water‐leaving radiance contributions at the two NIR bands. In this paper, we demonstrate an atmospheric correction approach using MODIS short wave infrared (SWIR) bands for deriving more accurate ocean color products in coastal regions. The ocean is generally still black at the SWIR bands even for very turbid waters due to much stronger water absorption at the SWIR wavelengths. The approach has been tested for and applied to various coastal regions (e.g., the U.S. and China east coastal regions) using MODIS data. In situ data collected along the China east coastal region have been used to validate performance of the algorithm. Using MODIS Aqua measurements from July of 2002 to December of 2005, seasonal variations in the visible and the NIR ocean water‐leaving radiances for the Hangzhou Bay in the China east coastal region are derived and analyzed. Very significant ocean NIR contributions along various locations in the China east coastal region (e.g., Hangzhou Bay) are observed.
Characterizing Sub‐Daily Flow Regimes: Implications of Hydrologic Resolution on Ecohydrology Studies

Natural variability in flow is a primary factor controlling geomorphic and ecological processes in riverine ecosystems. Within the hydropower industry, there is growing pressure from environmental groups and natural resource managers to change reservoir releases from daily peaking to run‐of‐river operations on the basis of the assumption that downstream biological communities will improve under a more natural flow regime. In this paper, we discuss the importance of assessing sub‐daily flows for understanding the physical and ecological dynamics within river systems. We present a variety of metrics for characterizing sub‐daily flow variation and use these metrics to evaluate general trends among streams affected by peaking hydroelectric projects, run‐of‐river projects and streams that are largely unaffected by flow altering activities. Univariate and multivariate techniques were used to assess similarity among different stream types on the basis of these sub‐daily metrics. For comparison, similar analyses were performed using analogous metrics calculated with mean daily flow values. Our results confirm that sub‐daily flow metrics reveal variation among and within streams that are not captured by daily flow statistics. Using sub‐daily flow statistics, we were able to quantify the degree of difference between unaltered and peaking streams and the amount of similarity between unaltered and run‐of‐river streams. The sub‐daily statistics were largely uncorrelated with daily statistics of similar scope. On short temporal scales, sub‐daily statistics reveal the relatively constant nature of unaltered stream reaches and the highly variable nature of hydropower‐affected streams, whereas daily statistics show just the opposite over longer temporal scales. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Weathering evidence for an additional glacial stage in Tasmania

Quantitative studies of relative dating parameters, including subsUlface dolerite weathering rind thickness and weathering Font penetration, permit the differentiation of three broad groupings of til! deposits in several valleys in north-central, western, western-central and south-western Tasmania. An early cold climatic phase-the Linda Glacial Stage-is recognised on the basis of this weathering evidence which also indicates that there have been at least two more recent Glacial Stages of decreasing severity, termed here the Henty and Margaret Glacial Stages respectively. This three-fold model bears a striking similarity to that of Lewis (1945) which was rejected nearly three decades ago. However, whereas Lewis' model was founded upon erosional evidence, the present study is based entirely upon depositional and weathering evidence.