Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pressure and Fluid Effect on Frequency‐Dependent Elastic Moduli in Fully Saturated Tight Sandstone

We developed a system to explore the effects of pressure and fluid viscosity on the dispersion and attenuation of fully saturated tight sandstones, especially at seismic frequencies. Calibration of the new system revealed that the system can operate reliably at frequencies of [2–200, 106] Hz. Tight sandstone with a “crack–pore” microstructure was tested under nitrogen gas (dry), brine, and glycerin saturation. A frequency‐dependent effect was not found for the dry case. However, apparent dispersion and attenuation for the undrained/unrelaxed transition was clearly observed for sample under brine or glycerin saturation, the magnitude of which was largely suppressed by increasing effective pressure. The measurement results illustrated that increasing the fluid viscosity or the effective pressure will shift the dispersion curve to the lower frequency range. A simple squirt‐flow model with dual‐porosity scheme was used to compare with the measurement results. Although the estimated values deviated slightly from the data, the trend fitted the saturated data relatively well, especially at low effective pressures. Therefore, considering the crack–pore microstructure of the tight sandstone, dispersion and attenuation are induced predominantly by the squirt‐flow stiffening effect from cracks to pores.
Rapakivi texture in porphyritic dikes within the Karavanke granitic massif (Slovenia)

DOBNIKAR, META, DOLENEC, TADEJ and BELLIENI, GIULIANO 2002. Rapakivi texture in porphyritic dikes within the Karavanke Granitic Massif (Slovenia). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Finland 74, Parts 1–2, 147–157. The northern Karavanke Granitic Massif straddles the Slovenian–Austrian border. The investigated area lies in northern Slovenia, and extends from the western Slovenian–Austrian border to the east for about 30 km, with a maximum width of 2 km. The massif exhibits a bimodal magmatic association comprising mainly syenogranite and syenite with contemporaneous gabbroic rocks. Rocks of intermediate composition are less abundant and show field, textural and chemical features suggesting that they have formed as a result of the interaction (mixing and mingling) between felsic and mafic magmas. Plagioclasemantled alkali feldspars occur in dikes of porphyritic syenite, which cut larger bodies of gabbroic rocks. Field, mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical evidences suggest that the porphyritic syenite is a hybrid rock, formed by the interaction of mafic and felsic magmas. The formation of plagioclase-mantled alkali feldspar can be explained by the introduction of alkali feldspar from felsic, syenogranitic magma into more mafic magma, causing local undercooling in the portion of mafic magma surrounding the crystals. This resulted in the growth of cellular plagioclase, with quartz infilling, in a thermally and compositionally equilibrating system.
Effects of self-avatar cast shadow and foot vibration on telepresence, virtual walking experience, and cybersickness from omnidirectional movie

Human locomotion is most naturally achieved through walking, which is good for both mental and physical health. To provide a virtual walking experience to seated users, a system utilizing foot vibrations and simulated optical flow was developed. The current study sought to augment this system and examine the effect of an avatar's cast shadow and foot vibrations on the virtual walking experience and cybersickness. The omnidirectional movie and the avatar's walking animation were synchronized, with the cast shadow reflecting the avatar's movement on the ground. Twenty participants were exposed to the virtual walking in six conditions (with/without foot vibrations and no/short/long shadow) and were asked to rate their sense of telepresence, walking experience, and occurrences of cybersickness. Our findings indicate that the synchronized foot vibrations enhanced telepresence as well as self-motion, walking, and leg-action sensations, while also reducing instances of nausea and disorientation sickness. The avatar's cast shadow was found to improve telepresence and leg-action sensation, but had no impact on self-motion and walking sensation. These results suggest that observation of the self-body cast shadow does not directly improve walking sensation, but is effective in enhancing telepresence and leg-action sensation, while foot vibrations are effective in improving telepresence and walking experience and reducing instances of cybersickness.
Immunochromatographic Detection of Human Blood: A Forensic Review

Body fluid identification is fundamental in forensic science as it links a specific biological source to a genetic profile, thus providing critical clues for crime scene reconstruction. Blood is one of the most common body fluids found on the crime scene, and several strategies have been developed for its identification in recent decades. Usually, after a preliminary (or presumptive) test to determine the presence of blood (both human and non-human), a confirmatory test is needed to prove that the sample is human blood. Out of the confirmatory tests, immunochromatographic (IC) assays are the most commonly and widely used. This work gives a review of the use of commercial kits specifically developed to detect human hemoglobin or glycophorin A (a surface protein of human red cells) in forensics. Claimed sensitivity varies broadly (ranging from 0.06 to 75 nanoliters of fresh blood), but different values (as low as 0.002 nL) were found during validation procedures. Specificities are high, and the possibility of cross-reaction (with the risk of false-positive results) is so low that it can be considered negligible. False-negative results, however, can be found due to the so-called “hook effect” as well as to the target degradation/modification, which interferes with the Ag-Ab binding. In addition, the chemical compositions of the presumptive test, detergents, and washing can also promote false negative outcomes in peculiar situations. Although IC assays are rapid, inexpensive, specific, and easy to use even on the crime scene, their major limitation is represented by the destructive approach required by this kind of confirmatory test. Since the final goal of the forensic investigation is the genetic typing of a bloodstain, we will describe the strategies developed for IC assays of faint stains as well as the strategies adopted to ensure that exactly the same sample undergoes human blood identification and DNA typing.
Competing effects of surface albedo and orographic elevated heating on regional climate

All else being equal, a given atmospheric pressure level is thought to be warmer over a plateau than over surrounding nonelevated terrain because of orographic “elevated heating. ” However, elevated surfaces are also typically brighter due to reduced vegetation and increased ice cover. Here we assess the degree to which surface albedo compensates for orographic elevated heating. We confirm that land surface albedo generally increases with surface elevation in observations. Using a cloud system‐resolving model, we show that increased surface albedo strongly compensates for orographic elevated heating in radiative‐convective equilibrium. A nonelevated surface with the albedo of modern India would enter a runaway greenhouse regime without ventilation by monsoonal winds, while a surface with the albedo and elevation of Tibet would achieve a cooler radiative‐convective equilibrium. Surface albedo changes may thus be just as important as surface elevation changes for the evolution of low‐latitude regional climate throughout Earth's history.
Monetary Policy, Firm Heterogeneity, and Product Variety

This study provides new insights on the allocative effect of monetary policy. It shows that contractionary monetary policy exerts a non-trivial reallocation effect by cleansing unproductive firms and enhancing aggregate productivity. At the same time, however, reallocation involves a reduction in the number of product variety that is central to consumer preferences and hurts welfare. A contractionary policy prevents the entry of new firms and insulates existing firms from competition, reducing aggregate productivity. Under demand uncertainty, the gain of the optimal monetary policy diminishes in firm heterogeneity and increases in the preference for product variety. We provide empirical evidence on US data, which corroborates the relevance of monetary policy for product variety that results from firm entry and exit, and provides limited support to the cleansing effect of monetary policy.
Arti ﬁ cial intelligence: A powerful paradigm for scienti ﬁ c research

Arti ﬁ cial intelligence (AI) coupled with promising machine learning (ML) techniqueswell knownfrom computerscienceis broadly affectingmany aspects of various ﬁ elds including science and technology, industry, and even our day-to-day life. The ML techniques have been developed to analyze high-throughput data with a view to obtaining useful insights, categorizing, predicting, and making evidence-based decisions in novel ways, which will promote the growth of novel applications and fuel the sustainable booming of AI. This paper undertakes a comprehensive survey on the development and application of AI in different aspects of fundamental sciences, including information science, mathematics, medical science, materials science, geoscience, life science, physics, and chemistry. The challenges that each discipline of science meets, and the potentials of AI techniques to handle these challenges, are discussed in detail. Moreover, we shed light on new research trends entailing the integrationofAI intoeach scienti ﬁ c discipline.Theaim of thispa-per is to provide a broad research guideline on fundamental sciences with potential infusion of AI, to help motivate researchers to deeply understand the state-of-the-art applications of AI-based fundamental sciences, and thereby to help promote the continuous development of these fundamental sciences
Early-Stage Design Space Exploration Tool for Neural Network Inference Accelerators

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved spectacular success in recent years. In response to DNN’s enormous computation demand and extensive memory footprint, numerous inference accelerators have been proposed. However, the diverse nature of DNNs, both at the algorithm level and the parallelization level, makes it diﬃcult to arrive at an “one-size-ﬁts-all” hardware implementation. In this dissertation, we develop NNest, an early-stage design space exploration tool that can speedily and accurately estimate the area/performance/energy of DNN inference accelerators based on high-level network topology and architecture traits, without the need for low-level RTL codes. Equipped with a generalized spatial architecture framework, NNest is able to perform fast high-dimensional design space exploration across a wide spectrum of architectural/microarchitectural parameters. Our proposed novel date movement strategies and multi-layer ﬁtting schemes allow NNest to more eﬀectively exploit parallelism inherent in DNN. Results generated by NNest demonstrate: 1) previously-undiscovered accelerator design points that can outperform state-of-the-art implementation
Food to Prevent Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease

Vascular calcification (VC) is a consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is of paramount importance regarding the survival of CKD patients. VC is far from being controlled with actual medication; as a result, in recent years, diet modulation has become more compelling. The concept of medical nutritional therapy points out the idea that food may prevent or treat diseases. The aim of this review was to evaluate the influence of food habits and nutritional intervention in the occurrence and progression of VC in CKD. Evidence reports the harmfulness of ultra-processed food, food additives, and animal-based proteins due to the increased intake of high absorbable phosphorus, the scarcity of fibers, and the increased production of uremic toxins. Available data are more supportive of a plant-dominant diet, especially for the impact on gut microbiota composition, which varies significantly depending on VC presence. Magnesium has been shown to prevent VC but only in experimental and small clinical studies. Vitamin K has drawn considerable attention due to its activation of VC inhibitors. There are positive studies; unfortunately, recent trials failed to prove its efficacy in preventing VC. Future research is needed and should aim to transform food into a medical intervention to eliminate VC danger in CKD.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Computer Assisted Instructions in Physics at Undergraduate Level Popat

Received: 28 March 2011 Revised: 23 June 2011 – Accepted: 04 July 2011 Abstract Previous researchers have demonstrated significant improvement in students’ conceptual understanding of basic physics using interactive engagement methods of instruction. In this study, the effects of interactive computerbased simulations and animations investigated in classroom on students' conceptual understanding of electrostatics. Two groups – one control and one experimental of students at third year undergraduate level were studied to determine the role of computer simulations and animations in the development of functional understanding of the concepts of force, field, and potential in electrostatics. While few misconceptions persisted, the overall results indicate that students seem to have acquired a good general understanding of these concepts using such package. This occurred mainly in the area of verbal, vector and diagrammatic representation of the abstract physics concepts involved in the study.
Evaluation of the antibacterial, modulatory and anti-adherent properties of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil against food pathogenic bacteria

There are over 250 types of foodborne diseases, the majority of which are infections caused by bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus are considered contaminants of meat products. The use of natural products as antimicrobials to combat these diseases can be an effective and economical approach. This study proposes to assess the antibacterial, modulatory, and anti-adherent activity of the essential oil of Origanum vulgare against strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from meat products. The assay was conducted in duplicate. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the broth microdilution technique. MIC represents the lowest concentration of the product capable of inhibiting the growth of the bacterial strain, whereas MBC represents the lowest concentration capable of inhibiting total growth. The study of association of the product with antimicrobials was undertaken by disk diffusion using ampicillin, gentamicin, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin, resulting in synergistic, antagonistic, or indifferent effects. Anti-adherent activity was determined in the presence of sucrose, as the lowest concentration of the agent in contact with sucrose that prevented adherence to the glass tube. Oregano oil exhibited strong inhibitory and bactericidal activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, with MIC values ranging from 32 to 512 μg mL-1 and MBC values ranging from 128 to 512 μg mL-1. Origanum vulgare oil showed varied interactions when associated with antimicrobials, with modulations for synergism (37.5%), indifference (50%), and antagonism (12.5%). Regarding anti-adherent activity, the test product effectively inhibited the adherence of P. aeruginosa bacterial strains in the presence of sucrose (1:8) but had no effect against K. pneumoniae or S. saprophyticus. Therefore, oregano oil proves to be an antibacterial and modulating agent against different bacteria isolated from meat products. Additionally, it displays anti-adherent properties against P. aeruginosa, making it a natural product that could serve as an interesting alternative in efforts to combat foodborne diseases.
The Influence of Non-Gaussian Roughness and Spectral Properties on Mixed Lubrication for Heavily Loaded Counterformal Contacts

The impact of non-Gaussian height distribution and spectral properties on the lubrication performance of counterformal (point) contacts is quantitatively studied (film parameter, Λ, and asperity load ratio, La) by developing a mixed lubrication model. The Weibull height distribution function and power spectral density (PSD) are used to generate artificial surface topographies (non-Gaussian and Gaussian, isotropic), as these surface topographies are found in many tribological components. The set of variables needed to parametrize and their effect on mixed lubrication is discussed, including the shape parameter, the autocorrelation length, the wavelength ratio, and the Hurst coefficient. It is revealed that a rough surface with a lower shape parameter exhibits higher hydrodynamic lift. The spectral properties (the autocorrelation length and the wavelength ratio) of rough surfaces significantly affect the film parameter and the hydrodynamic and asperity pressures. The film parameter is slightly influenced by the Hurst coefficient.
THE NATURE AND FORMATION OF NITROGENOUS AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION SYSTEMS

Recent investigations have revealed that many nitrogen containing species may be emitted from combustion systems. These sources are reveiwed and are of concern because N2 is the only clearly innocuous nitrogenous species. The atmospheric chemistry and toxicology of the nitrogenous air pollutants which have been identified in the emissions from combustion systems is reviewed. Combustion generated N-species may be derived either from thermal fixation of N2 or from the use of fuels containing high concentrations of bound nitrogen. Many strategies which decrease emissions of thermal NO adversely affect emissions of fue-l-derived NO. However, one particular combustion system has shown wide versatility and may be able to suppress traditional pollutnats and fuel-NO simultaneously. This system, catalytic combustion, is the focus of the experimental portion of this investigation. The emissions of fuel-derived N-species, especially NO, from catalytic combustors is investigated. Combustion parameters which are varied include equivalence ratio, adiabatic flame temperature, and fuel nitrogen concentration. For direct comparison with fuel rich catalytic combustion, the same species are monitored in the exhaust of a flat flame burner operating under the same conditions. This comparison allows
Effect of weed management on nutrient content, uptake and yield of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of weed management on growth attributes and yield of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) during summer, 2015 at the Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, JAU, Junagadh. The results of experiment indicated that content and uptake of N, P and K by crop were significantly higher under weed free. Significantly the highest content and uptake of N, P and K by weeds was recorded under weedy check (T1). Significantly higher pod yield, haulm yield and biological yield under weed free.
Latent class of depressive symptoms of and its determinants: A cross-sectional study among Iranian University students

Background: According to the report of the World Health Organization, mental disorders are one of the 10 most important causes of disability in the world. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the number and frequency of latent classes of depression and its determinants in Isfahan university of medical students. Materials and Methods: A total of 1408 medical students from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, were enrolled in the study in 2017. The symptoms and severity of depression were assessed using the standard Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale questionnaire. Latent class analysis was applied to seven symptoms of depression, all of which had four levels. Latent class subgroups were compared using the Chi-square test and analysis of variance test. The regression model was used to check the relationship between identified classes and related factors. Analyzes were done using SPSS-21 and Mplus7 software. Results: In this study, three latent classes were identified, that is, the group of healthy people, the group of borderline people, and the group of people suspected of depression. The prevalence of identified latent classes among medical students is 0.52, 0.32, and 0.16%, respectively. The regression results showed that compared to the healthy group, the factors affecting depression in the borderline and suspicious group were increasing age, female gender, interest in the field of study, physical activity, history of depression, and history of anxiety. Conclusion: The three classes that were identified based on the students’ answers to the depression symptoms questions differed only based on severity. The history of depression and anxiety were the strongest predictors of latent classes of depression.
Managing Uncertainty in Runoff Estimation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Stormwater Calculator

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Stormwater Calculator (NSWC) simplifies the task of estimating runoff through a straightforward simulation process based on the EPA Stormwater Management Model. The NSWC accesses localized climate and soil hydrology data, and options to experiment with low‐impact development (LID) features for parcels up to 5 ha in size. We discuss how the NSWC treats the urban hydrologic cycle and focus on the estimation uncertainty in soil hydrology and its impact on runoff simulation by comparing field‐measured soil hydrologic data from 12 cities to corresponding NSWC estimates in three case studies. The default NSWC hydraulic conductivity is 10.1 mm/h, which underestimates conductivity measurements for New Orleans, Louisiana (95 ± 27 mm/h) and overestimates that for Omaha, Nebraska (3.0 ± 1.0 mm/h). Across all cities, the NSWC prediction, on average, underestimated hydraulic conductivity by 10.5 mm/h compared to corresponding measured values. In evaluating how LID interact with soil hydrology and runoff response, we found direct hydrologic interaction with pre‐existing soil shows high sensitivity in runoff prediction, whereas LID isolated from soils show less impact. Simulations with LID on higher permeability soils indicate that nearly all of pre‐LID runoff is treated; while features interacting with less‐permeable soils treat only 50%. We highlight the NSWC as a screening‐level tool for site runoff dynamics and its suitability in stormwater management.
Interference effects on wind loads as prescribed by codes and standards: can they be generalized?

Abstract Understanding and quantifying the effects of aerodynamic interference is fundamental to designing safe and efficient buildings; however, there is a complexity in this phenomenon that characterizes it as the greatest challenge of wind engineering and thus limits improving design guidelines in a normative way. Therefore, this study investigated the impacts of building interference on wind-induced loads on a tall building through wind tunnel tests conducted using the synchronous pressure measurement technique. This impact was quantified using the interference factors (IFs) on the along-wind, across-wind and torsional force coefficients, which were mapped considering different wind angles, relative positions and number of buildings, in addition to the terrain roughness. It was observed that the protection effect in a static analysis is a dominant phenomenon in most studied scenarios when there is wind interference. The largest extension of the amplification zones occurred in scenarios in which the wind blew against the smallest facade of the analyzed building and the largest facade of the interfering building, where the coefficient of torsional moment was more sensitive to changes in wind turbulence.