Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of colchicine on the Golgi complex of rat pancreatic acinar cells

Colchicine administered to adult rats at a dosage of 0.5 mg/100 g of body weight effected a disorganization of the Golgi apparatus in pancreatic acinar cells. The results obtained after various periods of treatment (10 min to 6 h) showed (a) changes in all components of the Golgi complex, and (b) occurrence of large vacuoles that predominated in cytoplasmic areas outside the Golgi region. The alterations in Golgi stacks concerned elements of the proximal and distal side: (a) accumulation of transport vesicles, (b) formation of small, polymorphic secretion granules, and (c) alterations in the cytochemical localization of enzymes and reaction product after osmification. Transport vesicles accumulated and accompanied short, dilated cisternae, which lack mostly the reaction products of thiamine pyrophosphatase, inosine diphosphatase, and acid phosphatase, and osmium deposits after prolonged osmification. After 4 to 6 h of treatment, accumulated transport vesicles occupied extensive cellular areas; stacked cisternae were not demonstrable in these regions. The changes on the distal Golgi side included GERL elements: condensing vacuoles were diminished; they were substituted by small, polymorphic zymogen granules, which appeared to be formed by distal Golgi cisternae and by rigid lamellae. Unusually extended coated regions covered condensing vacuoles, rigid lamellae, and polymorphic secretion granules. A cytochemical distinction between Golgi components and GERL was possible neither in controls nor after colchicine treatment. The cytochemical alterations in Golgi components were demonstrable 20-30 min following administration of colchicine; at 45 min, initial morphological changes--augmentation of transport vesicles and formation of polymorphic zymogen granules--became apparent. 20 min after administration of colchicine, conspicuous groups of large vacuoles occurred. They were located mostly in distinct fields between cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, and were accompanied by small osmium-- reactive vesicles. Stacked cisternae were not demonstrable in these fields. Vacuoles and vesicles were devoid of reaction products of thiamine pyrophosphatase, inosine diphosphatase, and acid phosphatase. The results provide evidence that formation of stacked Golgi cisternae is impaired after colchicine treatment. The colchicine--induced disintegration of the Golgi complex suggests a regulatory function of microtubules in the organization of the Golgi apparatus.
The Roles of Ontogenetic Evolution in the Origins of Floral Homoplasies

Homoplasy, manifest as convergence, parallelism, or reversal, is an important aspect of floral diversity. Few studies have focused on the evolution of floral homoplasies, and the role of ontogenetic evolution in their origins has been largely ignored. Four clades of angiosperms, the genera Besseya (Scrophulariaceae) and Eucnide (Loasaceae), the family Hydrangeaceae, and the order Piperales, were used to examine the roles of ontogenetic evolution in creating floral homoplasies. The possible modes of ontogenetic evolution were found to contribute unequally to the origin of homoplasies. Juvenilizing terminal deletions were common in the origin of homoplastic states but only slightly more so than novel substitutions and repatternings. Few homoplastic states arose via additions. Comparative studies on the origins of homoplasies are currently limited by the absence of developmental data for groups on which cladistic analyses have been conducted, by multiple, equally parsimonious cladograms, and by the low number of homoplastic states that are often available in clades.
UTILIZATION OF GRASS SILAGE BY CATTLE: FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF FISHMEAL

Following weaning at 6–7 mo of age, 48 beef calves were used to determine growth response when two grass silages of contrasting nutritive value were supplemented with small amounts of barley or fishmeal. The silages were fed ad libitum for 112 d either alone or supplemented with 500 g barley or 500 g fishmeal per day. Both silages had similar cell wall and organic acid contents but silage 1 had higher nitrogen, 3.1 vs. 2.4% of dry matter (DM), and lower soluble sugar levels, 3.7 vs. 7.7% of DM, compared with silage 2. Animals fed silage 2 alone grew faster (P 0.05) on liveweight gain; however, fishmeal substantially increased growth rate on both silages (P 0.0.
Solution-active Structural Alterations in Liganded Hemoglobins C (β6 Glu → Lys) and S (β6 Glu → Val)*

Based upon existing crystallographic evidence, HbS, HbC, and HbA have essentially the same molecular structure. However, important areas of the molecule are not well defined crystallographically (e.g. the N-terminal nonhelical portion of the α and β chains), and conformational constraints differ in solution and in the crystalline state. Over the years, our laboratory and others have provided evidence of conformational changes in HbS and, more recently, in HbC. We now present data based upon allosteric perturbation monitored by front-face fluorescence, ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and oxygen equilibrium studies that confirm and significantly expand previous findings suggesting solution-active structural differences in liganded forms of HbS and HbC distal to the site of mutation and involving the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate binding pocket. The liganded forms of these hemoglobins are of significant interest because HbC crystallizes in the erythrocyte in the oxy form, and oxy HbS exhibits increased mechanical precipitability and a high propensity to oxidize. Specific findings are as follows: 1) differences in the intrinsic fluorescence indicate that the Trp microenvironments are more hydrophobic for HbS > HbC > HbA, 2) ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy detects alterations in Tyr hydrogen bonding, in Trp hydrophobicity at the α1β2interface (β37), and in the A-helix (α14/β15) of both chains, 3) displacement by inositol hexaphosphate of the Hb-bound 8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonate (the fluorescent 2,3-diphosphoglycerate analog) follows the order HbA > HbS > HbC, and 4) oxygen equilibria measurements indicate a differential allosteric effect by inositol hexaphosphate for HbC ∼ HbS > HbA.
Ephemerellidae of Taiwan (Insecta, Ephemeroptera).

A new genus and seven new species of Ephemerellidae from Taiwan have been described. They are Acerella glebosa n.sp. , A. montana n.sp. , Cincticostella fusca n.sp. , C. colossa n.sp. , Eburella brocha n.gen., n.sp. , Torleya glareosa n.sp. , and T. Jutosa n.sp. Descriptions of all species are based on nymphal stage. Eggs were obtained from mature female nymphs and were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Key to the nymphs is provided for these genera and species.
Development and evaluation of an ELISA method for the measurement of kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) in human serum

Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) have been proposed as potential cancer biomarkers. Kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) is a secreted trypsin-like protease of the KLKs. Until now, detection of KLK5 in both biological fluids and tissues has been described frequently due to the potential of being a new cancer biomarker. Our objective was to prepare KLK5 antibodies and establish an ELISA method for KLK5 to study the possible clinical application of KLK5 as a biomarker for malignancies. In this study, recombinant KLK5 protein was produced and purified using a prokaryotic expression system, and then used as immunogen to generate antibodies. High titers of specific antibodies were measured in serum of rabbits after the forth booster injection. And the titer of the antiserum reached 1:106. We have also generated monoclonal antibodies using hybridoma technology and the titer reached 1:105. The activity of KLK5 antibodies was characterized by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. To quantitatively examine KLK5 in serum samples, we established double antibody sandwich ELISA method using mouse mAb as capture and rabbit pAb as tracer antibody. We have detected KLK5 levels in ovarian cancer serum to ensure that our sandwich ELISA measurement to have high sensitivity and specificity. The ranges of linearity reached by the standard curves of the newly developed ELISA were 0.45 ng/mL to 125 ng/mL. The detection limit of the method, defined as the concentration of KLK5 can be distinguished, was 0.20 ng/mL. Median serum KLK5 levels were 3.77 ng/mL and 0.86 ng/mL in ovarian cancer patients and normal female, respectively (P ELISA assay for KLK5. Our preliminary findings prompt that KLK5 may be a new potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis in patients with ovarian.
A SURVEY OF NONCOMPLETE RAMSEY THEORY FOR GRAPHS

In recent years, the study of generalized Ramsey theory for graphs has grown to become a sizable and sprawling field. In the case of generalized Ramsey numbers and related problems, surveys have been made [4, 47, 481. It seems timely, then, to survey another part of the field. In this paper we shall study what may be called “noncomdete Ramsey theory” in that the graphs to be Golored are not, in general, complete. To clarify this, we must make some definitions. Generally, notation not defined here follows that of Harary [46], except that our graphs will have no isolates. In particular, we distinguish between subgraphs and induced subgraphs.
Potassium permanganate as an ethylene absorbent in polyethylene bags to delay ripening of bananas during storage.

Potassium permanganate reduced the concentration of ethylene and calcium hydroxide reduced the concentration of carbon dioxide in sealed polyethylene bags containing bananas. When the fruit that were not packed in sealed bags were ripe (16 days after the beginning of storage) all the fruit in sealed polyethylene bags were in a firm green condition and there was little difference between treatments in sealed polyethylene bags. After 29 days some of the fruit in sealed bags had softened, but fruit in bags containing potassium permanganate was firmer than fruit receiving other treatments, and this effect was more marked after 38 days. It was estimated that about two weeks additional storage life was obtained by packing potassium permanganate with the fruit.
Rheological Properties of Fish Gelatins

ABSTRACT: The rheological properties of fish gelatins (cod, megrim, tuna, and tilapia) and conventional gelatin (bovine and porcine) were compared. The different fish gelatins had from low to high viscosity values. They also had from low to high gel strength values. However, they had lower melting and gelling temperatures than gels from conventional gelatins. Cold-water fish gelatins were more different from conventional gelatins than warm water fish gelatins reflecting the different amino acid composition, as cold-water fish gelatins are low in imino acids. Binary blends of cod and other fish or conventional gelatins seemed to be completely compatible.
On the Development of Pigment Patterns in Amphibians

synopsis. Pigmentary mutants in amphibians provide important vehicles for studying basic problems in development. Some of these mutants exert influences on the tissue environ? ment in which the chromatophores differentiate and others involve the expression of pigment in specific types of pigment cells. Melanophores are the best known of all chromatophores, and albinism has been much studied. Genes controlling its expression may operate at different levels. Some are involved in the production of tyrosinase, while others affect the melanosomal matrix. In contrast, melanoid mutants are characterized by an overproduction of eumelanin, usually through the differentiation of an excessive number of melanophores. Melanoid mutants of the axolotl also exhibit a great diminution in xanthophore and iridophore number, and the same seems to be true of some melanoid-like mutants of leopard frogs. The pteridine pigments of xanthophores and purines of iridophores are often products of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) activity, and it is suspected that the expression of the melanoid phenotype may result from a genetic defect involving this enzyme. This is supported by experiments involving the administration of an XDH inhibitor, allopurinol, to normal larvae. This inhibitor results in the production of partial phenocopies of the melanoid condition. Blue mutants involving either partial or complete diminution of xanthophore and iridophore pigments may also be based upon deficient XDH activity.
Systemic Migration of Pseudomonas syringae pv. avellanae in Twigs and Young Trees of Hazelnut and Symptom Development

At the beginning of October 1992 and 1993, healthy adult and young trees of hazelnut, cultivars Tonda Gentile Romana and Nocchione. were inoculated with a Pseudomonas syringae pv. avellanae strain through leaf scars located midway from the tip of the twig. In adult trees, the systemic migration and the population level of the pathogen were monitored during autumn and winter by means of weekly to monthly isolation and countings. In young plants, the possible displacement of the bacterium was checked in May by sampling different sites of the plant. At each sampling, the presence of internal and external symptoms was carefully assessed. During the 2-year study, the results on migration and symptom development were consistent between the cultivars. Until the end of February, P.s. pv. avellanae colonized for approximately 45 mm, only the trait of the twig below the site of inoculation. At that time the population level ranged, in the farthest point reached by the pathogen, from 4.1 to 5.6 = 10 4 cfu/3 mm of twig-portion. During March the pathogen was recovered from the tip of the twig. The first sign of disease was noticed in November as brown discolouration of the epidermis near the site of inoculation as well as internal necrosis of the vascular tissue. In young trees, P.s. pv. avellanae from the twig reached the branches, collar and roots from where it also colonized the branch which did not carry an inoculated leaf scar. Extensive twig dieback was noticed during April, whereas in June, most of the adult trees inoculated in autumn with approximately 25 000 cells of the pathogen, randomly distributed in 25 sites of the crown, wilted completely. The role of leaf scars as a favourite site of penetration exploited by the pathogen as well as phytosanitary measures are discussed.
Season and soil moisture effect on movement, survival, and distribution of Cyrtomenus bergi (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) within the soil profile

A field experiment was carried out to elucidate movement of the burrower bug, Cyrtomenus bergi Froeschner, and its distribution in soil profiles under dry and rainy season soil moisture conditions. By combinations of dispersal restrictions we demonstrated that flying, walking on the soil surface, and shallow burrowing were all equally important ways of dispersal for insect adults during the rainy season. During the dry season, however, burrowing was inhibited, but flying and walking on the soil surface were significant. Nymphs dispersed by walking on the soil surface while burrowing capacity was low. Damage caused by C. bergi feeding did not vary between the 2 seasons, and the habitat of both adults and nymphs remained between the surface of the soil and 20 cm below. Interaction between vertical distribution and seasons was due to low survival at 0-10 cm during the dry season. The relatively higher abundance at 10-20 cm during the dry season was explained by low survival at 0-10 cm; this result contradicts previous suggestions that the higher abundance was due to downward movements.
Morphological Differences Between Adult Wild and First-Generation Hatchery Upper Yakima River Spring Chinook Salmon

Abstract Four-year-old adult wild spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha at a supplementation hatchery were compared morphologically with their first-generation hatchery counterparts over three consecutive brood years (BYs) using thin-plate spline analysis on 12 digitized landmarks and an analysis of 27 truss characters based on the landmarks. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) of sex-specific partial warp scores correctly classified females to origin (hatchery or wild) with 75% accuracy (up to 84% accuracy for one BY) and males to origin with 65% accuracy (up to 89% accuracy for one BY). Classification to BY using sex- and BY-specific partial warps was 62% accurate for both females and males. The results of the truss analysis were very close to those from the thin-plate spline analysis. Sex-specific CDAs correctly classified 75% of females and 68% of males to origin. Correct classification to BY was 61% for females and 58% for males. Consensus shapes based on partial warps suggested that hatch.
Sustainable production systems for Cynodon species in the subtropics and tropics

A comprehensive discussion of grass species in the genus Cynodon is beyond the scope of this review. Such a comprehensive review has been published by Taliaferro et al. (2004). The primary focus of this review will be sustainable production practices for Cynodon grasslands. In this context, sustainable grassland production systems are defined as those that over the long term enhance environmental quality and the resource base of the system while providing human food needs in an economically viable manner and one that enhances the quality of life for both producers and consumers (Stewart et al., 1991). Preceding this discussion will be brief coverage of the taxonomy and morphology of Cynodon spp. and their contribution to production systems. The focus on sustainable systems will be organized around three main themes: nutrients, grazing management, and integrated crop-livestock systems.
Observations on the life cycle and variation of the long-tailed field mouse Apodemus sylvaticus on the Isles of Scilly and Cornwall

The life cycle and variation of the long-tailed field mouse (Apodemus sylvaticm L.) on the Scilly Isles and Cornwall was studied by an analysis of samples collected at regular intervals from January 1961 to August 1962. Observations on population structure, reproduction and moult suggest that the life cycle of this species is similar on Scilly and Cornwall. Skull and body measurements revealed distinct differences between the samples from St Mary's, Tresco and Cornwall. Both the St Mary's and Tresco mice are larger than the Cornish form. St Mary's mice are larger than those from Tresco and have distinctly longer palatal foramina and pectoral stripes. Summary From January 1961 to August 1962, 350 specimens of Apodemus sylvaticus L. were collected on St Mary's, Tresco and Cornwall. The life cycle was similar in each of the three localities studied. Juveniles were first present in the April and May samples, and survivors from the previous year were rare by August. Evidence from pregnant or lactating females and from juveniles suggested a breeding season commencing in February-March and terminating by mid-October. Testes of both first and second year animals were found to regress after August. Analysis of skull measurements revealed highly significant differences in mean lengths of the upper molar tooth row in the three samples, St Mary's mice being largest, Tresco mice intermediate, and Cornish mice smallest. This trend was also apparent from comparisons of occipito-nasal length. St Mary's mice were found to have distinctly longer pectoral stripes and palatal foramina than Tresco animals. These two characters tended to be intermediate in mice from Cornwall.
The Great Lakes Charter Fishing Industry

Abstract The existing sportfisheries of the Great Lakes were established in the 1960s and 1970s, when species of trout and salmon were stocked. Angler participation in the 1980s quickly increased in response to these developing fisheries, but began to decline in the early 1990s, negatively impacting sportfishing-dependent businesses such as charter boat operations. We sought to identify the current status of the Great Lakes charter boat fishing industry and to identify industry-related trends over the past three decades. In 2002 and 2003, a mail survey was distributed to a qualified sample of 1,767 Great Lakes charter captains in the United States. Data for 2002 are presented for the Great Lakes Region as a whole and for each of the states comprising the region (i.e., New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois/Indiana, Wisconsin, and Minnesota). Data collected from surveys in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1994 are included for comparison purposes. Results indicate that the number of Great Lakes charter boat.
Mapping of QTL for Embryo Size in Rice

The development of molecular genetic maps has accelerated the identification and mapping of genomic regions controlling quantitative trait loci (QTL) in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Minimizing embryo size in rice would increase proportion of edible endosperm. This study was conducted to determine the genetic basis controlling embryo size of rice grains in a recombinant inbred (RI) population derived from cross of a japonica cultivar, Asominori, with an indica cultivar, IR24, by means of 289 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Two parameters, embryo length and embryo width, which represent embryo size in rice, were estimated for each RI line and their parental varieties. Continuous distributions and transgressive segregations of embryo length and embryo width in rice were observed in the RI population, suggesting that embryo size was quantitative in grains of conventional varieties. Three QTL for embryo length were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, and 3 and explained 17.9, 25.7, and 9.2%, respectively, of the total phenotypic variation. Three QTL for the embryo width were observed on chromosome 2, 8, and 10 and accounted for 13.5, 15.7, and 15.0% of total phenotypic variation, respectively. In addition, alleles with increasing and decreasing effects were detected from the both parents. The results and the tightly linked molecular markers that flank the QTL will be useful in breeding for embryo improvement in rice.
A NEW SPECIES AND SUBGENUS OF PERISCELIS LOEW FROM AUSTRALIA (DIPTERA: PERISCELIDIDAE)

Periscelis (Notioscelis) fasciata subgen. et sp.n. , from New South Wales and Queensland, is the first species of Periscelidinae to be described from Australian specimens. Family, subfamily, generic and subgeneric diagnoses and a key to subgenera of Periscelis are provided. Notioscelis is suggested to be the sister group of Periscelis sensu stricto based on morphological evidence.
Chemical characteristics of fruits of some selected quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) cultivars

Rop O. , Balik J., Řeznicek V. , Jurikova T. , Skardova P., Salas P., Sochor J., Mlcek J., Kramařova D. (2011): Chemical characteristics of fruits of some selected quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) cultivars. Czech J. Food Sci., 29: 65–73. The basic chemical characteristics of 22 quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) genotypes and cultivars were determined: dry matter content, soluble solid content, the contents of organic acids, pectins, and mineral elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sodium). Quince fruits were harvested in the course of October and thereafter analysed at the stage of consumption ripeness after storage at the temperature of +2°C and a relative air humidity of 85%. The contents of pectins in fruits were high – the cultivar Hruskovita contained 3.51 ± 0.19 g/100 g FW. The contents of vitamin C were also high, the cultivar Muskatova containing as much as 79.31 ± 2.01 g/100 g FW. The affinity of chemical properties of the individual cultivars was expressed by means of cluster analysis and it was found out that there were no marked differences between pear-shaped (Cydonia oblonga subsp. pyriformis) and apple-shaped (Cydonia oblonga subsp. maliformis) forms of fruit.