Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversity and prevalence of nuisance arthropods detected by sticky traps in apartments in New Jersey

Many nuisance arthropods occur in homes. In this study, nuisance arthropods are defined as any arthropod other than cockroaches and bed bugs. We examined nuisance arthropods found on sticky traps in 1,581 low-income apartments in four cities in New Jersey during 2018–2019 as part of a study for monitoring cockroach infestations. Four sticky traps (three in the kitchen, one in the bathroom) were placed in each apartment for approximately two weeks. Forty two percent of the apartments had nuisance arthropods on sticky traps. The relative abundance of different groups of arthropods were flies—36%, beetles—23%, spiders—14%, ants—10%, booklice—5%, and others—12%. The flies were further grouped into the following subgroups and their relative abundance were fungus gnats—42%, phorid flies—18%, moth flies—17%, fruit flies—10%, midges—8%, and others—5%. Among the beetles, 82% were stored product beetles (including spider beetles). Summer months (May–July) had a much higher frequency of nuisance arthropods occurrence than winter months (November–January). In addition to installing sticky traps, we also conducted interviews with 1,020 residents. Only 13% of the interviewed residents indicated sightings of nuisance arthropods. Resident interviews revealed a much higher relative frequency of sightings for flies (58%), much lower frequency for beetles (4%), and much higher frequency for mosquitoes compared to those captured on sticky traps. We conclude that sticky traps provide much more accurate information on indoor nuisance arthropod abundance and diversity than resident interviews and are a valuable tool for monitoring indoor nuisance arthropods.
Anlotinib Combined With Toripalimab as First-Line Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective, Multicenter, Phase II Study

Abstract Background For patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the first-line therapeutic options are still relatively limited, and treatment outcomes remain poor. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with toripalimab as first-line therapy for unresectable HCC. Methods In this single-arm, multicenter, phase II study (ALTER-H-003), patients with advanced HCC without previous systemic anticancer therapy were recruited. Eligible patients were given anlotinib (12 mg on days 1-14) combined with toripalimab (240 mg on day 1) in a 3-week cycle. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR) by immune-related Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (irRECIST)/RECIST v1.1 and modified RECIST (mRECIST). Secondary endpoints included disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DoR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results Between January 2020 and Jul 2021, 31 eligible patients were treated and included in the full analysis set. At data cutoff (January 10, 2023), the ORR was 29.0% (95% CI: 12.1%-46.0%) by irRECIST/RECIST v1.1, and 32.3% (95% CI: 14.8%-49.7%) by mRECIST criteria, respectively. Confirmed DCR and median DoR by irRECIST/RECIST v1.1 and mRECIST criteria were 77.4 % (95% CI: 61.8%-93.0%) and not reached (range: 3.0-22.5+ months), respectively. Median PFS was 11.0 months (95% CI: 3.4-18.5 months) and median OS was 18.2 months (95% CI: 15.8-20.5 months). Of the 31 patients assessed for adverse events (AEs), the most common grade ≥ 3 treatment-related AEs were hand-foot syndrome (9.7%, 3/31), hypertension (9.7%, 3/31), arthralgia (9.7%, 3/31), abnormal liver function (6.5%, 2/31), and decreased neutrophil counts (6.5%, 2/31). Conclusions Anlotinib combined with toripalimab showed promising efficacy and manageable safety in Chinese patients with unresectable HCC in the first-line setting. This combination therapy may offer a potential new therapeutic approach for patients with unresectable HCC.
Causal investigation of mid-frontal theta activity in memory guided visual search

ABSTRACT Midfrontal theta activity is crucial for attentional and cognitive control. However, its causal role in facilitating visual search, particularly from the perspective of distractor inhibition, is yet to be discovered. We applied theta band transcranial alternate current stimulation (tACS) over frontocentral regions when participants searched for targets among heterogeneous distractors with foreknowledge of distractor features. The results demonstrated improved visual search performance in the theta stimulation group compared to the active sham group. Moreover, we observed the facilitation effect of the distractor cue only in participants who exhibited larger inhibition benefits, which further confirms the role of theta stimulation in precise attentional control. Taken together, our results provide compelling causal evidence for the involvement of midfrontal theta activity in memory-guided visual search.
Genomic landscape of T-large granular lymphocyte leukemia and chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of NK cells: a single institution experience

Abstract LGLL is a rare and chronic lymphoproliferative disorder including T-LGLL and CLPD-NK. Here, we investigated the genomic profiles of LGLL with a focus on STAT3 and STAT5B mutations in a cohort of 49 patients (41 T-LGLL, 8 CLPD-NK). Our study indicated that STAT3 was identified in 38.8% (19/49) of all patients, while STAT5B occurred in only 8.2% (4/49) of patients. We found that STAT3 mutations were associated with lower ANC in T-LGLL patients. The average number of pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations in STAT3/STAT5B-mutated patients was significantly higher than that in WT patients (1.78 ± 1.17 vs 0.65 ± 1.36, p = 0.0032). Additionally, TET2-only mutated T-LGLL (n = 5) had a significant reduction in platelet values compared with the WT (n = 16) or STAT3-only mutated T-LGLL (n = 12) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we compared the somatic mutational landscape between STAT3/STAT5B WT and mutated patients and correlate with their distinct clinical characteristics.
Incorporating endpoint uncertainty into biomedical survival analyses

A key problem in medical research and practice is that of accurately identifying endpoints or times-to-event in stages of disease progression or treatment outcomes. In chronic or long-term conditions such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, the reaching of the endpoint is determined by comparing an individual’s biomarker measurements over a period of time to a pre-determined threshold. The small number and irregular spacing of such measurements often make it difficult to determine when a patient has truly reached the endpoint, and current methods do not take this uncertainty into account. In this thesis, we consider the impact of endpoint uncertainty on statistical inferences in Cox regression for time-to-event data, review the current use of weights on individuals in Cox modelling, and propose a novel approach of weighting an individual’s biomarker measurement times, based on schemes which determine the probability of that biomarker measurement being indicative of a true endpoint. Two weighting schemes are developed and illustrated — the first-of-two weighting (FOTW) scheme, based on the practice of taking the first of two consecutive above-threshold measurements as the endpoint measurement (termed the first-of-two unweighted, or FOT U/W scheme); and the longitudinal conditional probability weighting (LCPW) scheme, which applies weights to all measurements based on a longitudinal mixed-effects model (LMEM) of the data. We show through simulations that both the FOTW and LCPW schemes have good power in detecting significant differences between study groups using Cox analysis but are sensitive to differences in observational frequency between the groups, and we explore the robustness of the LCPW scheme to misspecifications of the LMEM. Finally, we illustrate the use of these schemes on a dataset from the Western Australian HIV study and discuss areas for future investigation, including ways to improve the reliability and robustness of the schemes.
Novel insights into brain lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Oligodendrocytes and white matter abnormalities

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. A genome‐wide association study has shown that several AD risk genes are involved in lipid metabolism. Additionally, epidemiological studies have indicated that the levels of several lipid species are altered in the AD brain. Therefore, lipid metabolism is likely changed in the AD brain, and these alterations might be associated with an exacerbation of AD pathology. Oligodendrocytes are glial cells that produce the myelin sheath, which is a lipid‐rich insulator. Dysfunctions of the myelin sheath have been linked to white matter abnormalities observed in the AD brain. Here, we review the lipid composition and metabolism in the brain and myelin and the association between lipidic alterations and AD pathology. We also present the abnormalities in oligodendrocyte lineage cells and white matter observed in AD. Additionally, we discuss metabolic disorders, including obesity, as AD risk factors and the effects of obesity and dietary intake of lipids on the brain.
Insights into the neurobiology of suicidality: explicating the role of glutamatergic systems through the lens of ketamine

Suicidality is a prevalent mental health condition, and managing suicidal patients is one of the most challenging tasks for health care professionals due to the lack of rapid‐acting, effective psychopharmacological treatment options. According to the literature, suicide has neurobiological underpinnings that are not fully understood, and current treatments for suicidal tendencies have considerable limitations. To treat suicidality and prevent suicide, new treatments are required; to achieve this, the neurobiological processes underlying suicidal behavior must be thoroughly investigated. Although multiple neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonergic systems, have been studied in the past, less has been reported in relation to disruptions in glutamatergic neurotransmission, neuronal plasticity, and neurogenesis that result from stress‐related abnormalities of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal system. Informed by the literature, which reports robust antisuicidal and antidepressive properties of subanaesthetic doses of ketamine, this review aims to provide an examination of the neurobiology of suicidality (and relevant mood disorders) with implications of pertinent animal, clinical, and postmortem studies. We discuss dysfunctions in the glutamatergic system, which may play a role in the neuropathology of suicidality and the role of ketamine in restoring synaptic connectivity at the molecular levels.
Polynomials with Certain Prescribed Conditions on the Galois Group

In this paper, some contributions are made to the theory of algebraic equations over the rational field with conditions imposed on the Galois group. In § 1, for a given abstract group G all faithful permutation representations Ḡ are obtained, and it is shown that if one of them is the group of some equation with splitting field K, then any of them is the group of some equation, also with splitting field K. The method of proof enables us to construct an equation having as group a given faithful permutation representation Ḡ of a prescribed group G if we are given an equation having as group some faithful representation of G. In § 2, equations having nilpotent group are considered, non-normal extension fields are discussed, and a canonical form is obtained for the roots of non-normal irreducible equations; this form is used to characterize fields and equations with nilpotent groups.
Voltage gradients in transvenous and subcutaneous defibrillation and their risk of myocardial damage

Transvenous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) shocks have been associated with cardiac biomarker elevations and are thought in some cases to contribute to adverse clinical outcomes and mortality, possibly from myocardium exposed to excessive shock voltage gradients. Currently, there are only limited data for comparison with subcutaneous ICDs. We sought to compare ventricular myocardium voltage gradients resulting from transvenous (TV) and subcutaneous defibrillator (S‐ICD) shocks to assess their risk of myocardial damage.
Examining the Text-to-Image Community of Practice: Why and How do People Prompt Generative AIs?

Image generation gained popularity with machine learning (ML) models generating images from text, fuelling new online communities of practices. This work explores the sociology, motivations, and usages of AI art hobbyists. We analyzed an online questionnaire answered by 64 practitioners and a dataset of user prompts sent to the Stable Diffusion generative model. Our findings suggest that TTI generation is a recreational activity mainly conducted by narrow socio-demographic groups who use auxiliary techniques across platforms and beyond request-response interactions. Inherent model limitations and finding suitable prompt formulation are the main obstacles practitioners face. A taxonomy and a corresponding ML model capable of recognizing the semantic content of unseen prompts were created to conduct the user prompt analysis. The prompt analysis revealed that artist names are the main specifier used beside the main subject, often in sequences. We finally discuss the design and socio-technical implications of our work for creativity support.
"I wouldn’t dare losing one": How music artists capture and manage ideas

Establishing, maintaining, and using collections of ideas and sources of inspiration is a common and important practice for music artists. Yet, it is underexplored in research. We therefore examine the research question of how do music artists capture and manage their ideas. To get an overview of the general patterns in the workflows of music artists, as well as in-depth understandings of these practices and the perceptions of music artists, our method combines qualitative surveys (n=51) with in-depth qualitative interviews (n=15). We find that a set of values are foundational to idea management routines that originate in music artists’ perceptions of what makes an idea “good”. We also identify the different forms that musical ideas can take in idea collections, what drives their retrieval, characteristic development approaches, and different styles for collaborating on ideas. Finally, we discuss recommendations for the design of tools for supporting idea management in music.
Evaluation of water delivery performance of right main canal of Bhimsagar medium irrigation scheme, Rajasthan

ABSTRACT This research investigation aims to evaluate the performance of the Right Main Canal (RMC) of the Bhimsagar medium irrigation scheme in Rajasthan, India, employing water delivery and water use indicators, such as adequacy, equity, dependability, relative water supply, and relative irrigation supply. The three minors chosen were Ratanpura at the head, Chaplada at the middle, and Maraita II at the tail reach on RMC. The volume of water diverted into the selected minors from the right main canal was measured during crop season, and crop water demand in the command area of each minor was computed using the CROPWAT 8.0 software. Overall, RMC adequacy was adequate at the head, and middle reach minors but inadequate for the tail reach minor. The water distribution system was determined to be unreliable regarding water supply concerning time, with a dependability value of 0.49. Overall equity was determined to be good to fair for the head and middle reach minors but poor for tail reach minor due to disparity in water distribution. In 2013–14, RWS and RIS showed insufficiency in the command system. The average values of RWS and RIS were found to be 1.00 and 1.43, respectively.
Fuzzy cluster analysis and decision-making algorithms for optimal water distribution network design

ABSTRACT Three objectives, maximization of resilience, minimization of cost, and minimization of leakages, were considered in the Water Distribution Network (WDN) framework for a benchmark problem of Hanoi WDN and a real-world problem, Pamapur WDN, Telangana, India. Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) is employed to generate Non-dominated WDN Strategies (NWDNS). In order to simplify the decision-making process of engineers, Fuzzy Cluster Analysis (FCA) is employed to categorize NWDNS into groups. An optimum number of clusters are based on the Elbow method. Representative NWDNS, i.e. RNWDNS for each sub-cluster, is based on the membership values. Ranking of RNWDNS is performed with two decision-making algorithms, namely, Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations-2 (PROMETHEE-2) and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR). The additive ranking rule is also applied to obtain ranks in a group decision-making environment to arrive at the optimal WDN. It is observed that 1020 NWDNSH (H represents Hanoi) generated for the Hanoi are optimally classified into 18 clusters based on the Elbow method, and A13 representing RNWDNSH 37 (cost, resilience, and leakages, respectively, are 7.8818 × 106 $, 0.3194, 0.2024 × 10−3 m3/s) is preferable, respectively. Whereas 272 NWDNSP (P represents Pamapur) generated for the Pamapur are classified into 9 clusters where S6 representing RNWDNSP 203 (cost, resilience, and leakages, respectively, are 3.5159 × 106 Rs., 0.8367, 0.5317 × 10−3 m3/s) is preferred, respectively. The present study facilitated seamless integration of NSGA-II (generation of Pareto front), FCA (reducing to manageable set) and MCDM methods (to rank the reduced manageable set) in a robust manner. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVING CYLINDRICAL SHRINK-FIT SHAFT-HUB COUPLINGS

Abstract Due to the continuous progress in information technology, complex problems of machine elements can be investigated using numerical methods. The focus of these investigations and optimizations often aims to reduce the stresses that occur or to increase the forces and torques that can be transmitted. Interference fit connections are an essential machine element for drive technology applications and are characterized by their economical fabrication. The transmission of external loads over a large contact surface between the shaft and hub makes it less vulnerable to impact loads. These advantages contrast with disadvantages such as the limited transmittable power, the risk of friction fatigue, and stress peaks at the hub edges, which can lead to undesirable and sudden failure, especially in the case of brittle hub materials. Analytical approaches already exist for optimizing these connections, which are expensive, time-consuming, and complex, so a high degree of expert knowledge is required to apply these methods in practice successfully. This paper presents a novel method using the example of optimizing the pressure distribution in the interface of a shrink-fit connection.
COMPARING ACADEMICS AND PRACTITIONERS Q & A TUTORING IN THE ENGINEERING DESIGN STUDIO

Abstract In the design studio, academic (professor) and practitioner tutors provide individual mentoring to students as they progress in their design projects. Prior studies suggest that design practitioners may follow a different design process compared to academics, but little is known about how this difference relates to their design tutoring. This study explores the similarities and differences in tutoring by academics and practitioners. We use a question-asking lens to characterize the tutoring styles of four tutors - two academics and two practitioners - over a five-week design project in an engineering design studio. We find that academic tutors ask questions at a significantly higher rate than practitioner tutors, suggesting a more question-centred tutoring style. We also find that proportionally more of practitioner tutors’ questions are generative in nature, while the academic tutors employ more convergent thinking in their questioning. This may be an indicator of the practitioners' own design thinking, which might be more solution-focused than that of academics. These preliminary findings motivate future investigations of the relationship between differences in tutoring and impact on student design learning.
Movement analysis of match play in U16-U21 youth Hungarian soccer players - the influence of age, position, and contextual variables

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the locomotor match-performance of youth Hungarian football players according to age groups, playing positions and effects of contextual match factors. The sample consisted of 574 individuals in four youth age groups (U16, U17, U19, U21) in four playing positions: central defenders (n = 139), fullbacks (n = 148), central midfielders (n = 185), and forwards (n = 102). Tactically, all teams used a 4-4-2 diamond formation. Data was collected from 114 matches from elite Hungarian football academy matches during the 2018–2019 season, using a GPS technology (10 Hz). The main results were: (a) U16, U19, U21 age groups matches played against strong opponents presented greater values (but not significantly) of high-intensity running distances compared to matches against weak opponents; (b) U21 players covered greater high-intensity running distances when winning than drawing the matches; (c) the U16, U19, U21 age groups performed better (but not significantly) at home than away in terms of high-intensity running. The forwards (735 ± 176 m) and fullbacks (654 ± 185 m) performed best in total high-intensity running (>19.8 km/h). With regard to maximum speed, forwards reached significantly higher results (30.44 ± 1.64 km/h) than players in other positions. Since international football players demonstrate better measures in high-intensity running and sprinting than Hungarian players.
The design of requests by adult L2 users with emergent literacy

ABSTRACT Adopting the methods of multimodal conversation analysis, this study demonstrates that adult second language (L2) users with emergent literacy formulate requests as ‘complex multimodal Gestalts’ consisting prototypically of deictic or depictive gestures combined with gaze, situationally relevant material, and vocal or linguistic resources. The data obtained for this study are from classroom interactions and out-of-class service encounters that were conducted as part of pedagogical tasks in the context of integration training for adult L2 students with emergent literacy. The analysis shows how co-constructed request sequences typically involve multimodal negotiation in which the co-participants support L2 users to formulate requests that are understandable and that contribute to the progressivity of the interaction. The findings contribute to an understanding of practical requests as multimodal, context-sensitive, collaborative actions and underline the importance of this perspective especially from the view of L2 users with emergent literacy.