Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postpartum depression and suicidal ideation in new mothers with hearing loss: Perceived social support as a moderator, a multicentre study.

Objectives To explore postpartum depression as a predictor of suicidal ideation and to find if perceived social support had a moderator effect in this scenario among new mothers with hearing loss. METHODS The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2018 in Lahore, Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Gujrat, Gujranwala, Jhelum and Sialkot Cities of Pakistan. New mothers with hearing loss (HL) and those without hearing loss were recruited from maternity clinics 2 to 6 weeks after the delivery. Standardised tools were used to measure postpartum depression, perceived social support and suicidal ideation among the subjects. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. RESULTS Of the 547subjects, 272(49.7%) were those with hearing loss and 275(50.3%) were without hearing loss. Odd ratio showed that mothers with hearing loss were 1.97 times more likely to exhibit postpartum depression compared to those without hearing loss, whereas participants with HL were 1.08 times more likely to be at risk of having suicidal behaviours compared to those without hearing loss. On the other hand, those without hearing loss were 0.97 times higher on social support. Postpartum depression was a positive predictor (p<0.001) whereas perceived social support negatively (p<0.001) predicted the suicidal ideation of new mothers with hearing loss. The interaction of postpartum depression and perceived social support negatively affected (<0.001) suicidal behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Perceived social support appeared to lower the probability of postpartum depression and suicidal ideation among mothers with hearing loss.
A polysaccharide from the dried rhizome of Drynaria fortunei (Kunze) J. Sm. prevents ovariectomized (OVX)‐induced osteoporosis in rats

In the present study, a homogenous polysaccharide (DFPW) was isolated and purified from the dried rhizome of Drynaria fortunei, and its protective effect against osteoporosis was investigated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Histological analysis indicated that oral administration of DFPW (100 and 400 mg/kg) for 12 weeks significantly improved trabecular bone mass, as demonstrated by the increase in trabecular area, trabecular thickness and its number in OVX rats. Furthermore, the decline of bone mineral density and bone mineral content including Ca, P and Mg induced by OVX was reversed by the DFPW administration. This function was achieved by the decreased levels of the bone turnover markers, such as serum ALP, urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD), Ca and P excretions. Besides, DFPW improved biomechanical parameters (maximum load, energy, Young's, modulus and maximum stress) to strengthen the hardness and strength femoral diaphysis in OVX rats. These results strongly suggested that DFPW might be a hopeful alternative therapeutics to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Association of Ureaplasma urealyticum and its two biovars with nongonococcal urethritis

Objective To determine association of U.urealyticum and its two biovars with nongonococcal urethritis(NGU). Methods Tow biovars of U.urealyticum in gonococcal urethritis group,NGU group and control group was detected by a universal primer-PCR-capillary electrophoresis assay.Results Prevalence of U.urealyticum biovar 2 in NGU group was higher than that in control group(P0.05),prevalence of U.urealyticum biovar 1 in gonococcal urethritis group was lower than that in control group(P0.05),but the prevalence of U.urealyticum biovar 1 in NGU group did not differ significantly from control group(P0.05). Conclusion U.urealyticum biovar 2 was associated with NGU,U.urealyticum biovar 2 might be one of pathogens causing NGU,but U.urealyticum biovar 1 could not cause NGU,N.gonorrhoeae might inhibit the growth of U.urealyticum biovar 1.
Do doctors treat themselves differently than their patients? Study on the self-treatment of migraine among German neurologists and pain specialists

Aim To investigate whether the self-treatment of migraine among neurologists and pain specialists corresponds to national medical guidelines and treatment of patients. Methods An email cross-sectional survey was sent to members of the German Society for Neurology, German Pain Society and German Migraine and Headache Society containing questions on demographics, professional experience and specialization and – in case participants suffered from migraine – questions about their migraine and its treatment. Results 175/418 (41.9%) participants suffered from migraine (m: 29.3%; f: 55.2%, 45.9 ± 10.7 years). For acute migraine attacks, 96.6 % of them use a first-line treatment according to the medical guidelines. Seventeen (9.7%) are currently taking a migraine prophylaxis, 52.9% of these use a recommended first-line prophylaxis. In all, 21.7% are not taking a prophylactic treatment despite an indication (based on number of monthly migraine days) for it, due to fear of side-effects, low intensity of migraine attacks and a sufficient effect of acute medication. This group of participants was younger, less experienced and specialized and was mainly employed (vs. self-employed) compared to those taking a prophylaxis. A total of 96.6% reported treating their patients in line with current guidelines; 14.3% would treat themselves differently when they were their own patients. Conclusion The self-treatment of acute migraine attacks for the most part complies with the guidelines but, regarding the indication for a prophylaxis, a more divergent treatment approach was observed among younger, less experienced physicians. For the majority of physicians there is no difference between self-treatment and treatment of migraine patients.
Reductive Stress Causes Pathological Cardiac Remodeling and Diastolic Dysfunction.

AIMS Redox homeostasis is tightly controlled and regulates key cellular signaling pathways. The cell's antioxidant response provides a natural defense against oxidative stress, but excessive antioxidant generation leads to reductive stress (RS). This study elucidated how chronic RS, caused by constitutive activation of nuclear erythroid related factor-2 (caNrf2)-dependent antioxidant system, drives pathological myocardial remodeling. RESULTS Upregulation of antioxidant transcripts and proteins in caNrf2-TG hearts (TGL & TGH; transgenic-low & -high) dose-dependently increased glutathione redox potential and resulted in RS, which over time caused pathological cardiac remodeling identified as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with abnormally increased ejection fraction (HCMiEF) and diastolic dysfunction in TGH mice at 6 months of age. While the TGH mice exhibited 60% mortality at 18 months of age, the rate of survival in TGL was comparable to non-transgenic (NTG) littermates. Moreover, TGH mice had severe cardiac remodeling at ~6 months of age while TGL mice did not develop comparable phenotypes until 15 months, suggesting that even moderate RS may lead to irreversible damages of the heart over time. Pharmacologically blocking glutathione biosynthesis using BSO (L-buthionine-SR-sulfoximine) at an early age (~1.5 months) prevented RS and rescued the TGH mice from pathological cardiac remodeling. Here we demonstrate that the chronic RS cause pathological cardiomyopathy with diastolic dysfunction in mice due to sustain activation of antioxidant signaling. Innovation and Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that chronic RS is intolerable and adequate to induce heart failure. Antioxidant-based therapeutic approaches for human HF should consider a thorough evaluation of redox state before the treatment.
Concurrent validity of an appetite questionnaire in peritoneal dialysis

Background: Decreased appetite is a symptom often found in chronic kidney disease. Poor appetite may negatively affect food intake, what in long-term may contribute to the development of protein–energy malnutrition. Methods: An Appetite and Food Satisfaction Questionnaire (AFSQ) was developed consisting of a question that assesses the level of appetite through a facial hedonic scale and five other questions adapted from the Buckner and Dwyer tool that assess some aspects related to food satisfaction. Each question received an arbitrary score of 0 to 3. The sum of the scores ranged from 0, the best, to 18, the worst condition. Nutritional status was assessed through seven-point SGA, bioelectrical impedance, anthropometry, and handgrip strength (HGS). Results: Eighty-four patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD; 58.3% women, mean age 54.7 ± 14.2 years, and body mass index (BMI) of 26.0 ± 4.8 kg/m2) were evaluated. Median AFSQ score was 4.0 (1.0–6.8; median and IQ). Patients were divided into tertiles according to the AFSQ score. Comparing the third tertile (score ≥ 6) with the first tertile (score < 2), the prevalence of malnutrition was greater (32.1% vs. 6.7%, respectively, p = 0.005), HGS adequacy was lower (74.6% vs. 87.3%, p = 0.001), and body cell mass index (5.7% vs. 7.4%, p = 0.001) and lean BMI were lower (11% vs. 13.4%, p = 0.001) in the third tertile. Conclusion: Poor appetite and food satisfaction determined by the questionnaire was related to worse nutritional markers, indicating AFSQ as a valid easy-to-use tool to be applied as an initial screening to identify PD patients with potential risk of malnutrition.
Correlations in Trends of Sinusitis-Related Online Google Search Queries in the United States

Background Online search query trends have been shown to correlate with real-life epidemiologic phenomena. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze correlations in trends in Google online search volumes of sinusitis-related terms, including symptomatology and similar disease states. Methods Terms clinically associated with “sinusitis” were determined by consensus. Terms of symptomatology were derived from the validated 22-item sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22) as well as terminology encountered with the authors’ clinical experience. Terms of disease states that could overlap in symptomatology with sinusitis were then chosen. Google Trends, an online tool for extracting relative frequencies from a public database of search queries, was used to query normalized monthly volumes in the United States from January 2004 to September 2017 of searches related to the topics decided upon by consensus. Bivariate Pearson correlation was used to compare the search queries. Results Online search volumes of “sinusitis” have a distinct seasonal variation, with consistent annual peaks and troughs. In terms of symptomatology, “postnasal drip,” “nasal congestion,” “cough,” “rhinorrhea,” and “sore throat” most highly correlated with “sinusitis” search volumes with statistical significance. “sinusitis” search query volume had a higher positive correlation with “common cold” and “acute sinusitis” than “chronic sinusitis” with regard to disease states. Conclusions Trends in Google online search volumes over time of “sinusitis” symptomatology mimic real-world clinical phenomena and provide insight into the issues affecting the general population.
Performance of angiographic parametric imaging in locating infarct core in large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke patients

Abstract. Purpose: Biomarkers related to hemodynamics can be quantified using angiographic parametric imaging (API), which is a quantitative imaging method that uses digital subtraction angiography (DSA). We aimed to assess the accuracy of API in locating infarct core within large vessel occlusion (LVO) acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Approach: Data were retrospectively collected for 25 LVO AIS patients who achieved successful recanalization. DSA data from lateral and anteroposterior (AP) views were loaded into API software to generate hemodynamic parameter maps. Relative differences in hemispherical regions for each API parameter were calculated. Ground truth infarct core locations were obtained using 24-h follow-up fluid-attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI imaging. FLAIR MRI infarct locations were registered with DSA images to determine infarct regions in API parameter maps. Relative differences across hemispheres for each API parameter were plotted against each other. A support vector machine was used to determine the optimal hyperplane for classifying regions as infarct or healthy tissue. Results: For the lateral and AP views, respectively, the most accurate classification of infarct regions came from plotting mean transit time (MTT) versus peak height (PH) [accuracy = 0.8125 ± 0.0012 (95%)], the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve ( AUROC ) = 0.8946 ± 0.0000 (95%), and plotting MTT versus the area under the curve (AUC) [accuracy = 0.7957 ± 0.0011 (95%), AUROC = 0.8759 ± 0.0000 (95%)]. Conclusions: API provides accurate assessment of locating ischemic core in AIS LVO patients and has the potential for clinical benefit by determining infarct core location and growth in real time for intraoperative decision making.
Convergence of distinct functional networks supporting naming and semantic recognition in the left inferior frontal gyrus

Naming individual objects is accompanied with semantic recognition. Previous studies examined brain‐networks responsible for these operations individually. However, it remains unclear how these brain‐networks are related. To address this problem, we examined the brain‐networks during a novel object‐naming task, requiring participants to name animals in photographs at a specific‐level (e.g., “pigeon”). When the participants could not remember specific names, they answered basic names (e.g., “bird”). After fMRI scanning during the object‐naming task, the participants rated familiarity of the animals based on their sense of knowing. Since participants tend to remember specific names for familiar objects compared with unfamiliar objects, a typical issue in an object‐naming task is an internal covariance between the naming and familiarity levels. We removed this confounding factor by adjusting the familiarity/naming level of stimuli, and demonstrated distinct brain regions related to the two operations. Among them, the left inferior frontal gyrus triangularis (IFGtri) contained object‐naming and semantic‐recognition related areas in its anterior‐ventral and posterior‐dorsal parts, respectively. Psychophysiological interaction analyses suggested that both parts show connectivity with the brain regions related to object‐naming. By examining the connectivity under control tasks requiring nonlexical semantic retrieval (e.g., animal's body color), we found that both IFGtri parts altered their targeting brain areas according to the required memory attributes, while only the posterior‐dorsal part connected the brain regions related to semantic recognition. Together, the semantic recognition may be processed by distinct brain network from those for voluntary semantic retrievals including object‐naming although all these networks are mediated by the posterior‐dorsal IFGtri.
Drug-induced myocardial dysfunction – recommendations for assessment in clinical and pre-clinical studies

ABSTRACT Introduction: Drug-induced myocardial dysfunction is an important safety concern during drug development. Oncology compounds can cause myocardial dysfunction, leading to decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and heart failure via several mechanisms. Cardiovascular imaging has a major role in the early detection and monitoring of cardiotoxicity. Echocardiography is the method of choice because of its widespread availability, low cost, and absence of radiation exposure. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can provide better reliability, reproducibility, and accuracy in the detection of drug-induced myocardial dysfunction. In addition, it enables assessment of myocardial edema, fibrosis, and necrosis. Cardiac serologic biomarkers such as troponins and B-type natriuretic peptides are used in combination with imaging during drug development. This article provides a general overview of each imaging modality and practical guidance for early detection and monitoring of cardiotoxicity. Areas covered: Cardiovascular imaging modalities and cardiac biomarkers for monitoring of cardiac function and early detection of drug-induced myocardial dysfunction in drug development. Expert opinion: Some new drugs especially in the oncology field, can cause myocardial dysfunction. Depending on the strength of pre-clinical or clinical data, CV imaging modalities and cardiac biomarkers play an important role in the early detection and mitigation plans for such drugs during their development.
Developing the implicit association test to uncover hidden preferences for sustainable drainage systems

Understanding public perceptions of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) is critical for addressing barriers to their implementation. Perceptions are typically evaluated using explicit measures (e.g. questionnaires) that are subject to biases and may not fully capture attitudes towards SuDS. A novel image-based application of the Implicit Association Test is developed to investigate unconscious perceptions of SuDS in public greenspace and combined with explicit tests to evaluate perceptions of greenspace with and without SuDS, focusing on a sample population in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Greenspace with or without SuDS is perceived positively by the sample population. Overall, respondents implicitly and explicitly prefer greenspace without SuDS and perceive greenspace without SuDS as more attractive, tidier and safer. The wide distribution of scores for SuDS, nonetheless, suggests a range of opinions and illustrates the complex nature of preferences for the use of greenspace. That the strongly negative explicit scores were not reflected in the implicit tests may suggest that explicit attitudes towards tidiness and safety may not be deep-rooted and are subject to social bias. Combined explicit and implicit tests may help us to understand any disconnect between expressed positive attitudes to natural spaces and behaviours around them and inform SuDS design to increase public acceptance. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Urban flood resilience’.
Use of Fall Risk–Increasing Drugs Around a Fall‐Related Injury in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

To examine: (1) prevalence of fall risk–increasing drug (FRID) use among older adults with a fall‐related injury, (2) which FRIDs were most frequently prescribed, (3) whether FRID use was reduced following the fall‐related healthcare episode, and (4) which interventions have reduced falls or FRID use in older adults with a history of falls.
Synthetic CRISPR/Cas9 reagents facilitate genome editing and homology directed repair

Abstract CRISPR/Cas9 has become a powerful tool for genome editing in zebrafish that permits the rapid generation of loss of function mutations and the knock-in of specific alleles using DNA templates and homology directed repair (HDR). We examined the efficiency of synthetic, chemically modified gRNAs and demonstrate induction of indels and large genomic deletions in combination with recombinant Cas9 protein. We developed an in vivo genetic assay to measure HDR efficiency and we utilized this assay to test the effect of altering template design on HDR. Utilizing synthetic gRNAs and linear dsDNA templates, we successfully performed knock-in of fluorophores at multiple genomic loci and demonstrate transmission through the germline at high efficiency. We demonstrate that synthetic HDR templates can be used to knock-in bacterial nitroreductase (ntr) to facilitate lineage ablation of specific cell types. Collectively, our data demonstrate the utility of combining synthetic gRNAs and dsDNA templates to perform homology directed repair and genome editing in vivo.
Affect enhances object-background associations: evidence from behaviour and mathematical modelling

ABSTRACT In recognition memory paradigms, emotional details are often recognised better than neutral ones, but at the cost of memory for peripheral details. We previously provided evidence that, when peripheral details must be recalled using central details as cues, peripheral details from emotional scenes are at least as likely to be recalled as those from neutral scenes. Here we replicated and explicated this result by implementing a mathematical modelling approach to disambiguate the influence of target type, scene emotionality, scene valence, and their interactions. After incidentally encoding scenes that included neutral backgrounds with a positive, negative, or neutral foreground objects, participants showed equal or better cued recall of components from emotional scenes compared to neutral scenes. There was no evidence of emotion-based impairment in cued recall in either of two experiments, including one in which we replicated the emotion-induced memory trade-off in recognition. Mathematical model fits indicated that the emotionality of the encoded scene was the primary driver of improved cued-recall performance. Thus, even when emotion impairs recognition of peripheral components of scenes, it can preserve the ability to recall which scene components were studied together.
Sex Differences Among Participants in the Latin American Stroke Registry

Background Reports on sex differences in stroke outcome and risk factors are scarce in Latin America. Our objective was to analyze clinical and prognostic differences according to sex among participants in the LASE (Latin American Stroke Registry). Methods and Results Nineteen centers across Central and South America compiled data on demographics, vascular risk factors, clinical stroke description, ancillary tests, and functional outcomes at short‐term follow‐up of patients included from January 2012 to January 2017. For the present study, all these variables were analyzed according to sex at hospital discharge. We included 4788 patients with a median in‐hospital stay of 8 days (interquartile range, 5–8); 2677 were male (median age, 66 years) and 2111 female (median age, 60 years). Ischemic stroke occurred in 4293: 3686 as cerebral infarction (77%) and 607 as transient ischemic attack cases (12.7%); 495 patients (10.3%) corresponded to intracerebral hemorrhage. Poor functional outcome (modified Rankin scale, 3–6) was present in 1662 (34.7%) patients and 38.2% of women (P<0.001). Mortality was present in 6.8% of the registry, with 7.8% in women compared with 6.0% in men (P=0.01). Death and poor functional outcome for all‐type stroke showed a higher risk in female patients (hazard ratio, 1.3, P=0.03; and hazard ratio, 1.1, P=0.001, respectively). Conclusions A worse functional outcome and higher mortality rates occurred in women compared with men in the LASE, confirming sex differences issues at short‐term follow‐up.