Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combination of ring-opening polymerization and "click" chemistry for the synthesis of an amphiphilic tadpole-shaped poly(epsilon-caprolactone) grafted by PEO

A tadpole shaped poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL; Mn = 24 500) was made amphiphilic by grafting the two PCL tails with PEO. In the first step, a macrocyclic PCL was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of e-caprolactone (eCL) initiated by a cyclic tin(IV) dialkoxide and stabilized by local intramolecular photo-cross-linking. In the second step, the polymerization of a mixture of eCL and α-chloro-e-caprolactone (αCleCL) was resumed with formation of two activated chloride containing PCL tails. In the third step, the chlorides were converted into azides onto which alkynyl end-capped PEO was grafted by the copper-mediated Huisgen's cycloaddition [3 + 2], thus giving a “click” reaction. The thermal properties of the final copolymer and the precursors were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. The amphiphilicity of the final copolymer was confirmed by micellization in water.
Frames

ABSTRACT This essay explores the ways in which frames allow what lies within them to shine forth with exceptional brilliance. It deals, first of all, with the frames of paintings but then is devoted primarily to the kinds of frames that can enclose discourse. Detailed attention is given to the framing constituted by multiple, telescoping reports of a conversation or event. Such framing as it occurs in several Platonic dialogues is investigated in detail. All translations are by the author, though standard translations have been consulted.
Characterization of The Physical Properties of Palm Kernel Cake

A systematic sieving method (1 kg sample; 50 Hz; 0° inclination; 20 min) was used to obtain particle size distribution of palm kernel cake containing seven different particle sizes (4.83, 2.68, 1.50, 0.80, 0.51, 0.32, and 0.11 mm). Regardless of particle size, palm kernel cake was found to be of different shapes qualitatively with optical microscopy and quantitatively (variation in mean length, mean volume, and volume-surface mean diameters), non-porous (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area <1 m2/g), and to contain an uneven rough surface, as shown in scanning electron microscopy. Palm kernel cake of 0.32 mm and less were aggregates with uneven rough surface, and those of 0.51 mm and more were agglomerates with interstices formed from particle agglomeration. These characteristics affected the bulk density of palm kernel cake that decreased with decreasing particle sizes due to lower packing density and higher void. The physical properties affected the hydration properties. This information is useful for the solid-state fermentation of palm kernel cake.
Preparation of uniform zinc oxide colloids by controlled double-jet precipitation

A new and simple method for the preparation of uniform zinc oxide colloidal particles of different morphologies by controlled double-jet precipitation is described. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction data indicate that the solids generated under different conditions have identical crystallite structures, although they are internally composite. The growths of the subunits and of the particles themselves follow different patterns. Particles formed in the presence of a surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) exhibit essentially the same overall characteristics, but the particles are microporous.
COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Test at hospital admission associated to the knowledge of individual risk factors allow overcoming the difficulty of managing suspected patients in hospitals

Early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is essential to limiting the spread of the virus and managing infected patients during hospitalization. The sensitivity of RT-qPCR is contested by the fact that it is time-consuming, executed by trained technicians in proper environment for material extraction. Here, we evaluated the first SARS-CoV-2 antigen test recommended by the World Health Organization at September, 2020 as an alternative for immediate diagnosis of symptomatic and suspected patients at a hospital in Brazil during the epidemic peak. All patients were submitted to RT-qPCR and rapid antigen test using nasopharyngeal swabs rigorously collected at the same time. Demographics, baseline comorbidities, symptoms and outcomes were considered. Prediction analysis revealed that previous stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, desaturation and tachypnea were the most relevant determinants of the death of COVID-19 patients. Comparison between the rapid antigen test and RT-qPCR revealed an overall PPV of 97%, extended to 100% when performed between 4 and 15 days of symptoms, with an accuracy of 90-91% from days 1 to 7 and a Substantial agreement. The rapid antigen test presented no inconclusive result. Among the discordant results and RT-qPCR inconclusives, 72% presented bilateral multifocal ground-glass opacities on imaging and other exams alterations. The median time to obtain RT-qPCR results was 83.6 hours, against 15 minutes for the rapid test, precious time for deciding on patient isolation and management. Knowledge of the risk factors and a rapid diagnosis upon patient admission is critical to reduce mortality of COVID-19 patients, hospital internal costs and in-hospital transmission.
Binuclear copper(II) complexes of a new sulphur-containing binucleating ligand: structural and physicochemical properties

The new ligand HL [2,6-bis{4-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-thiabutyl}-4-methylphenol] has been prepared. Its reaction with various copper(II) salts afforded a series of complexes 1–6 of general formula Cu2L(X)Y2(X = Y = Cl, 1; X = Y = Br, 2; X = OH, Y = CIO4, 3; X = Y = NO3, 4; X = N3, Y = NO3, 5; X = N3, Y = CIO4, 6). The molecular structure of 6 was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. It exists as a discrete, dinuclear species in the solid state. The two copper sites are related by a symmetry axis and bridged by the phenoxo oxygen and a nitrogen from the µ-1,1-azide. Each copper is in a square-pyramidal environment, the base of which is constituted by an oxygen, a sulphur and a nitrogen from the organic ligand and the bridging azide nitrogen, while a perchlorato oxygen occupies the apical site. All compounds exhibit a high antiferromagnetic coupling which probably results from sulphur ligation. They exchange electrons at moderately positive potentials which reflects the balance between the hard phenoxo oxygen and the soft nitrogen and sulphur donors provided by the ligand.
Influence of Traffic on Particulate-Matter Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Atmosphere of Zabrze, Poland

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of traffic-origin, adsorbed on PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter in Zabrze, Upper Silesia, Poland, is investigated for summer 2005. Exposure levels for the particulate PAHs near the crossroads is about 66 ng/m 3 and 44 ng/m 3 for PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. The relative concentration increase of these compounds in road intersections compared to the concentration away from traffic emissions is equal to 189% and 237% for PAHs associated with PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. The fingerprint of PAHs contained in PM2.5 is distinctly different near the crossroads compared to the urban background site, while the fingerprints of PAHs contained in PM10 at both sites are almost the same.
Optical and field effect studies of the Hg0.7Cd0.3 Te–anodic oxide interface

This paper reports the effects of visible light and applied electric field on the properties of the HgCdTe–anodic oxide interface. The surfaces of anodized n‐type crystals are accumulated with a fixed positive charge in the oxide on the order of 5×1011 cm−2. However, illumination with photons of energy ? 2.2 eV can neutralize and even invert these surfaces. The original surface charge is restored by placing the sample in the dark for periods of minutes at room temperature and weeks at 77 K. Based on our measurement of the oxide energy gap of 3.4 eV, the photo‐induced surface charging is attributed to internal photoemission of electrons from the HgCdTe valence band to the oxide conduction band. These photoemitted electrons fall into deep traps in the oxide and neutralize the fixed positive charge. When stored in the dark, these trapped electrons are thermally excited from the traps and recombined in the semiconductor. Charge exchange between the oxide traps and semiconductor can also be promoted by applying.
SARS-CoV-2 patient self-testing with an antigen-detecting rapid test: a head-to-head comparison with professional testing

Background Antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) have been widely recommended as a complement to RT-PCR. Considering the possibility of nasal self-sampling and the ease-of-use in performing the test, self-testing may be an option. Methods and Findings We performed a manufacturer-independent, prospective diagnostic accuracy study of nasal mid-turbinate self-sampling and self-testing when using a WHO-listed SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDT. Symptomatic participants suspected to have COVID-19 received written and illustrated instructions. Procedures were observed without intervention. For comparison, Ag-RDTs with nasopharyngeal sampling were professionally performed. Estimates of agreement, sensitivity, and specificity relative to RT-PCR on a combined oro-/nasopharyngeal sample were calculated. Feasibility was evaluated by observer and participant questionnaires. Among 146 symptomatic adults, 40 (27.4%) were RT-PCR-positive for SARS-CoV-2. Sensitivity with self-testing was 82.5% (33/40 RT-PCR positives detected; 95% CI 68.1-91.3), and 85.0% (34/40; 95% CI 70.9-92.9) with professional testing. The positive percent agreement between self-testing and professional testing on Ag-RDT was 91.4% (95% CI 77.6-97.0), and negative percent agreement 99.1% (95% CI 95.0-100). At high viral load (>7.0 log10 SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies/ml), sensitivity was 96.6% (28/29; 95% CI 82.8-99.8) for both self- and professional testing. Deviations in sampling and testing (incomplete self-sampling or extraction procedure, or imprecise volume applied on the test device) were observed in 25 out of the 40 PCR-positives. Participants were rather young (mean age 35 years) and educated (59.6% with higher education degree). Most participants (80.9%) considered the Ag-RDT as rather easy to perform. Conclusion Ambulatory participants suspected for SARS-CoV-2 infection were able to reliably perform the Ag-RDT and test themselves. Procedural errors might be reduced by refinement of the Ag-RDTs for self-testing, such as modified instructions for use or product design/procedures. Self-testing may result in more wide-spread and more frequent testing. Paired with the appropriate information and education of the general public about the benefits and risks, self-testing may therefore have significant impact on the pandemic.
Nutrient responses and glutamate and proline metabolism in sunflower plants and calli under Na2SO4 stress

The growth of Helianthus annuus L. calli and plants was reduced in the presence of Na2SO4 (10, 25, 50, and 100 mM). SO42— and Na concentrations increased in stressed calli and plants while NO3—, Cl—, P, K, and Mg decreased in stressed plants and Ca in shoots. Stressed calli showed decreases of NO3—, Ca, K, and Mg concentrations. Calli adapted to 50 mM Na2SO4 accumulated more K and Ca and less ammonium than stressed non-adapted calli. Proline exhibited increases in stressed calli and plants that were accompanied by decreases of proline oxidase activities while pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR) and ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) activities increased. Adapted calli accumulated more proline and had higher P5CR and OAT activities than stressed non-adapted calli. Glutamate concentration decreased with stress, together with a stimulation of cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) and a decrease of plastidal GS (GS2) activity. These data strongly suggest that the increase of P5CR and GS1 activities are responsible for the decrease of glutamate concentration leading, together with the stimulation of OAT and the inhibition of the proline oxidation metabolism, to an increase of proline levels in Na2SO4-stressed sunflower cells. These data also show that salt stress increases the release of endogenous ammonium and suggests that the increase of GS1 activity plays an important role in its elimination. Nahrstoffgehalte und Glutamat- und Prolinstoffwechsel in Sonnenblumenpflanzen und Calli unter Na2SO4-Stress Das Wachstum von Helianthus annuus L. Pflanzen und deren Calli wird in Gegenwart steigender Na2SO4-Belastung (10, 25, 50 bzw. 100 mM) gehemmt. Sowohl in gestressten Pflanzen wie in den Calli waren die SO4- und Na-Konzentrationen erhoht. In den gestressten Pflanzen waren die Konzentrationen von NO3. , Cl, P, K und Mg in Wurzel und Spross, die von Ca lediglich im Spross gesenkt, wahrend in gestressten Calli NO3, Ca, K und Mg erniedrigt waren. Calli, die uber 8 Monate an 50 mM Na2SO4 adaptiert waren, akkumulierten unter Salzstress im Vergleich zu nicht-adaptierten mehr K und Ca, aber weniger Ammonium. Am starksten stieg in den Pflanzen sowie Calli unter Salzstress die Prolin-Konzentration, bedingt durch einen Abfall der Prolinoxidase-Aktivitat sowie einen Anstieg der Pyrrolin-5-carboxylat-Reductase (P5CR) und der Ornithin-Aminotransferase (OAT). Die an Salinitat adaptierten Calli akkumulierten mehr Prolin und zeigten hohere Aktivitaten an P5CR und OAT. Bei Salzstress nahm die Konzentration an Glutamat ab. Dies war begleitet von einer Stimulierung der cytosolischen Glutaminsynthetase (GS1), jedoch einem Abfall der plastidaren GS2. Auf Grund der Ergebnisse kann der Anstieg der Prolingehalte nach Salzstress durch die Anstiege in der Aktivitat von P5CR und GS1, die die Absenkung der Glutamatkonzentration bewirken, sowie von OAT und durch die Hemmung der Prolinoxidase erklart werden. Der durch Salzstress ebenfalls geforderten Freisetzung endogenen Ammoniums wirkt die gesteigerte GS1-Aktivitat entgegen.
A Rapid, Mild, Efficient, and Solvent‐Free Friedel‐Crafts Acylation of N‐Acetyltetrahydroharmine

Abstract The first solid‐phase, rapid, and mild synthesis of 10‐acyl and 12‐acyl analogues of N‐acetyltetrahydroharmine by Friedel‐Crafts acylation has been developed. The products were obtained in high overall yields. The method also results in the high‐yield synthesis of natural product jafrine.
Characteristics of mesa- and air-type In0.5Al0.5As/In0.5Ga0.5As metamorphic HEMTs with or without a buried gate

Depletion-mode δ-doped In0.5Ga0. 5As/In0.5Al0. 5As mHEMTs have been metamorphically grown on a GaAs substrate and successfully fabricated with different kinds of gate-metal formation. The gate-metal formations include a combination of mesa- or air-type gate feeder with or without a buried gate (before or after annealing). Only the air-type mHEMT with a buried gate shows no clear kink-effect behaviour. For a 1 µm gate mesa-type (air-type) mHEMT, a maximum extrinsic transconductance of 412 (414) and 535 (472) mS mm−1 is obtained before annealing and after annealing. There is a 207 mV (205 mV) shift in VTH after the mesa-type (air-type) mHEMT is annealed. Experimental results indicate that both the gate-feeder metal and the annealing process have a significant effect on output conductance, gate leakage current, breakdown voltage, high frequency and noise performances. The peak gate leakage current density of 12 (120) µA mm−1 for the air-type (mesa-type) mHEMT before annealing is improved to 8 (55) µA mm−1 after annealing. At 2.4 (5.4) GHz, gain = 23 (20) dB can be obtained at Fmin = 1.27 (1.76) dB for the air-type mHEMT after annealing, while gain = 22 (18.5) dB is obtained at Fmin = 1.36 (2.0) dB before annealing. For the mesa-type mHEMT, these values are gain = 20 (16.5) dB at Fmin = 1.47 (2.25) dB and gain = 19.5 (14) dB at Fmin = 1.68 (3.11) dB.
Characterization of BAMO/NMMO Copolymers

The compositions and microstructures, thermolyses, and sensitivities of 3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxetane (BAMO) copolymers with 3-nitratomethyl-3-methyloxetane (NMMO) were characterized. The molar ratios of monomers fed in the copolymerizations were: BAMO/NMMO = 8/2, 7/3, and 6/4. The observed compositions were 81/19, 68/32, and 60/40, respectively. The relative compositions of trade microstructures were also exactly the same as theoretical values. The copolymerization of BAMO with NMMO behaved like an ideal system in the sense that the copolymer has approximately the same composition as the monomer fed. The microstructures of copolymers were also randomly arranged. Poly BAMO showed side chain decomposition in the initial stage of the thermolysis, on the other hand, backbone decomposition controlled the thermolysis of poly NMMO. The BAMO units and the NMMO units appeared to decompose more or less independently of one another and retained their individual decomposition characteristics despite being copolymerized. However, the heat generated by the NMMO decomposition, which occurred at 40°C lower than that of BAMO. activated the reaction of BAMO. Poly B/N(7/3) showed very interesting characteristics in sensitivities, mechanical properties, and the heat of decomposition.
Influence of pre-harvest treatments of gibberellic acid (GA3) and other chemicals on growth and yield attributing characters of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cv. Anand tomato-3.

The study was conducted at the main vegetable research station of the Anand Agricultural University, Anand during the period Kharif and Rabi (2010-11) to determine the effects of different concentrations of GA3 and chemicals on growth and yield of tomato. The treatments comprised of GA3 @ (20 and 40mg/l); KNO3 (2000 and 4000mg/l); KHCO3 (2000 and 4000mg/l); boric acid (100 and 200mg/ l) with the control (without spray). The growth and yield contributing parameters differed significantly. The results revealed that the pre harvest treatments of GA3 @ 40mg/l (T2) had significant effect on plant height (114.77cm), number of leaves (80.10), branches (12.13) per plant recorded at 75 DATP. Similar trends were also observed for minimized the days required for the breaker stage (78.03days) and the redripe stage (86.47days) under the treatment (T2). It was also observed that the pre harvest treatments of GA3 @ 40mg/l had significant effect on yield and yield attributing characters viz., number of fruits per plant (30.70) and total yield (384.77q/ha).
Densimetric Separation of Coal Using Magnetic Fluids

Ferrohydrostatic separation of particles in magnetic fluids is a sink-float technique based on generalized Archimedes law whereby, in addition to the conventional force of gravity, a magnetically induced force also acts on the fluid. This additional magnetic pull creates a magnetically induced buoyancy force on a particle immersed in the fluid. This buoyancy force can be accurately controlled over a wide range and particles as dense as 20 000 kg/m3 can be made to float. The selectivity of separation is very high and mixtures of particles with a density differential as small as 30 kg/m3 can be separated. As a result of the ability of FHS to separate material into narrow, well-defined density fractions, the technique is particularly suitable for densimetric analysis. Sink–float analysis of coal has been one of the areas of potential application of FHS. The cost of heavy liquids used for coal fractionation, and of their subsequent recovery and disposal are considerable and motivation to use FHS has therefore been strong. Numerous laboratory and pilot-plant scale tests have been conducted in this direction, particularly in Eastern Europe and Japan. Investigation of ash and sulphur content, and the mass yield into density fractions, confirmed that heavy liquid and FHS techniques are very similar in their performance. Very selective FHS separators with automated density control have recently been designed and built. A technique for the recovery of ferrofluids has been developed and low-cost ferrofluids are being manufactured on a production scale. Technology for accurate, environmentally friendly hands-off densimetric analysis of coal by is thus available
Binding Ability of Corn Cobs Hemicellulose toward Cadmium

Non-Starch Polysaccahride (NSP) is an agricultural byproduct containing of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. Hemicellulose has a hydroxyl functional group and carboxylic function on the monomer hemicellulose used as a binding ability for cadmium ion and hence as a pharmaceutical active ingredient to prevent cadmium toxicity. The purpose of this study is to isolate and evaluate hemicelluloses from corn cobs as a binding ability toward cadmium ion. The study is conducted by isolating the corn cobs in such way using 0.2 M NaOH, characterization of hemicellulose from corn cobs produced by Infra Red Spectrofotometry. Binding ability of corn cobs hemicellulose (CCH) was done in 3 ways. The first, it was by titrimetric with cadmium 3 mg/cm3 as a titrant and indicator of 0.05 N NaOH. The second, it was by in vitro test at pH 2 as a comparison to use pectin. The third, the in vivo test was conducted in 3 variations of treatment covering CCH 10 mg, 100 mcg of cadmium for 10 weeks. Assay of cadmium was conducted using atomic absorption spectrophotometry with flame at a wavelength of 228.8 nm. The research result showed that the highest yield of hemicellulose (12.04%) was obtained from delignication with 0.03 M NaOH in 60% ethanol and 3% H2O2, hemicellulose isolation with 500 cm3 of 0.2 M NaOH, and precipitation with 1:4 ratio of 10% acetic acid in 95% ethanol. Characteristics of CCH on infrared vibration methods provide vibrational hemicellulose in the region of 1820-1600 cm-1. It meant that the functional group carbonyl was present, and the vibration widened near 3400-2400 cm-1. It indicated that there was the functional group vibration region of hydroxyl. It also meant that there was carboxylic group and finger print at 1500-500 cm-1. Test results of the titrimetric holding ability showed that CCH was binding 100 mg of cadmium (46.17 ± 0.9256) mg or 46.17%. Binding ability test results at pH 2 showed that 300 mg of CCH yield was binding 30 mg cadmium of (26.68 ± 0.1490) mg or 88.93%. The results of in vivo tests showed that cadmium levels decreased by 95.05%. Based on the exposure, it can be concluded that the CCH isolation yields of 12.04% and can reduce cadmium levels in the blood. It means that the CCH can be used as a chelating agent of cadmium ions by in vitro and in vivo.