Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classifying Ruptured Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms With a Machine Learning Based, Radiomics-Morphological Model: A Multicentral Study

Objective Radiomics and morphological features were associated with aneurysms rupture. However, the multicentral study of their predictive power for specific-located aneurysms rupture is rare. We aimed to determine robust radiomics features related to middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms rupture and evaluate the additional value of combining morphological and radiomics features in the classification of ruptured MCA aneurysms. Methods A total of 632 patients with 668 MCA aneurysms (423 ruptured aneurysms) from five hospitals were included. Radiomics and morphological features of aneurysms were extracted on computed tomography angiography images. The model was developed using a training dataset (407 patients) and validated with the internal (152 patients) and external validation (73 patients) datasets. The support vector machine method was applied for model construction. Optimal radiomics, morphological, and clinical features were used to develop the radiomics model (R-model), morphological model (M-model), radiomics-morphological model (RM-model), clinical-morphological model (CM-model), and clinical-radiomics-morphological model (CRM-model), respectively. A comprehensive nomogram integrating clinical, morphological, and radiomics predictors was generated. Results We found seven radiomics features and four morphological predictors of MCA aneurysms rupture. The R-model obtained an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.822 (95% CI, 0.776, 0.867), 0.817 (95% CI, 0.744, 0.890), and 0.691 (95% CI, 0.567, 0.816) in the training, temporal validation, and external validation datasets, respectively. The RM-model showed an AUC of 0.848 (95% CI, 0.810, 0.885), 0.865 (95% CI, 0.807, 0.924), and 0.721 (95% CI, 0.601, 0.841) in the three datasets. The CRM-model obtained an AUC of 0.856 (95% CI, 0.820, 0.892), 0.882 (95% CI, 0.828, 0.936), and 0.738 (95% CI, 0.618, 0.857) in the three datasets. The CRM-model and RM-model outperformed the CM-model and M-model in the internal datasets (p < 0.05), respectively. But these differences were not statistically significant in the external dataset. Decision curve analysis indicated that the CRM-model obtained the highest net benefit for most of the threshold probabilities. Conclusion Robust radiomics features were determined related to MCA aneurysm rupture. The RM-model exhibited good ability in classifying ruptured MCA aneurysms. Integrating radiomics features into conventional models might provide additional value in ruptured MCA aneurysms classification.
Physical modelling of bio sensors based on Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Organic Electrochemical Transistors are widely used as transducers for sensors in bioelectronics devices. Although these devices have been extensively studied in the last years, there is a lack of fundamental understanding of their working mechanism, especially concerning the de-doping mechanism.This thesis is dedicated to Organic Electrochemical Transistors modelling. First of all, a numerical steady state model was established. This model allows implementing the Poisson-Boltzmann, Nernst-Planck and Nernst equations to describe the de-doping process in the conductive PEDOT:PSS layer, and ions and holes distribution in the device. Two numerical models were proposed. In the first, Local Neutrality model, the assumption of electrolyte ions trapping in PEDOT:PSS layer was taken into consideration, thus the local neutrality was preserved. In the second model the ions were allowed to move freely under applied electric field inside conductive polymer layer, thus only global electroneutrality was kept. It was experimentally proven that the Global Neutrality numerical model is valid to explain the global physics of the device, the origin and the result of the de-doping process. The transition from totally numerical model to analytical model was performed by fitting the parametric analytical Boltzmann logistic function to numerically calculated conductivity profiles. As a result, an analytical equation for the Drain current dependence on applied voltage was derived. By fitting this equation to experimentally measured Drain current- applied voltage profiles, we could obtain the maximum conductivity of a fully doped PEDOT:PSS layer. The maximum conductivity is shown to be dependent not only on the material, but also on device channel size. Using the maximum conductivity value together with the Conventional Semiconductor model it is possible to extract the other parameters for the full description of the OECT: intrinsic charge carrier density, initial holes density, initial PSS- concentration and conductive polymer layer volumetric capacitance. Having a tool to make easy parameters extraction and characterization of any OECT, permits not only to increase the level of device description, but most importantly to highlight the correlation between external and internal device parameters.Finally it is shown how to make the whole description of the real OECT device, all the models were validated by fitting the modeled and experimentally measured data profiles.As a result, not only the purely theoretical model was presented in this thesis to describe the device physics, but also the prominent step was made on simple real device characterization.
Is FMR1 CGG Repeat Number Polymorphism Associated With Phenotypic Variation in the General Population? Report From a Cohort of 5,499 Adults

FMR1 CGG repeat length was assayed in 5499 research participants (2637 men and 2862 women) in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), a population-based cohort. Most past research has focused on clinically-ascertained individuals with expansions in CGG repeats, either those with fragile X syndrome (> 200 CGG repeats), the FMR1 premutation (55–200 repeats), or in the gray zone (variously defined as 45–54 or 41–54 repeats). In contrast, the WLS is a unique source of data that was obtained from an unselected cohort of individuals from the general population for whom FMR1 CGG repeat length was assayed. The WLS is a random sample of one-third of all high school seniors in the state of Wisconsin in 1957. The most recent round of data collection was in 2011; thus, the study spanned over 50 years. Saliva samples were obtained from 69% of surviving members of the cohort in 2008 and 2011, from which CGG repeats were assayed. With one exception, the CGG repeat length of all members of this cohort was below 100 (ranging from 7 to 84). The present study evaluated the genotype-phenotype associations of CGG repeat number and IQ, college graduation, age at menopause, number of biological children, having a child with intellectual or developmental disabilities, and the likelihood of experiencing an episode of depression during adulthood. Linear and curvilinear effects were probed. Although effect sizes were small, significant associations were found between CGG repeat length and high school IQ score, college graduation, number of biological children, age at menopause, and the likelihood of having an episode of depression. However, there was no significant association between repeat length and having a child diagnosed with an IDD condition. This study demonstrates a continuum of phenotype effects with FMR1 repeat lengths and illustrates how research inspired by a rare genetic condition (such as fragile X syndrome) can be used to probe genotype-phenotype associations in the general population.
A Negative (1,3)-β-D-Glucan Result Alone Is Not Sufficient to Rule Out a Diagnosis of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Patients With Hematological Malignancies

Background: Serum (1,3)-β-D-glucan (BG) testing is increasingly being used in the diagnostic armamentarium for invasive fungal diseases. Given its high sensitivity, some studies suggest that a negative BG result contributes to rule out a diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). However, recent reports described a suboptimal sensitivity in HIV-negative immunocompromised patients. In this study, we evaluated the performance of BG assay for PCP diagnosis in HIV-negative patients with diverse PCP risk factors. We also assessed the correlation between Pneumocystis jirovecii load in pulmonary samples and serum BG levels. Methods: We retrospectively included HIV-negative patients with microscopically proven PCP and for whom a BG result was available. We also enrolled patients colonized by Pneumocystis as control group. Colonized patients were matched with PCP patients based on their underlying condition that exposed to PCP. Pulmonary fungal loads were determined by an in-house real-time PCR, and BG levels were measured by using the Fungitell® kit (Associates of Cape Cod, Inc.). Results: Thirty-nine patients were included in each of the two groups. Thirty-four of 39 PCP patients and one of 39 colonized patient had a positive BG test, resulting in a sensitivity of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.73–0.94), a specificity of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.87–0.99), a positive predictive value of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.85–0.99), and a negative predictive value of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.75–0.95) for BG assay. Nonetheless, median BG level differed according to the underlying condition. Among the PCP group, the lowest median level of 211 pg/ml was observed in patients with hematological malignancy (HM) and differed significantly from that observed either in solid organ transplants (3,473 pg/ml) or in patients with autoimmune or inflammatory disorder (3,480 pg/ml). Indeed, the sensitivity of BG assay was estimated at 0.64 (95% CI: 0.35–0.85) in HM patients and was lower than the one observed in the whole PCP group. Furthermore, BG level and fungal burden correlated poorly among all PCP patients. Conclusion: BG is not a reliable biomarker for ruling out PCP in HIV-negative patients with HM. Interpretation of a negative BG result should take into account, but not be limited to, the underlying condition predisposing to PCP.
Distinct Mechanisms Underlie Developmental Plasticity and Adult Acclimation of Thermogenic Capacity in High-Altitude Deer Mice

Developmental plasticity can elicit phenotypic adjustments that help organisms cope with environmental change, but the relationship between developmental plasticity and plasticity in adult life (e.g., acclimation) remains unresolved. We sought to examine developmental plasticity and adult acclimation in response to hypoxia of aerobic capacity (V̇O2max) for thermogenesis in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) native to high altitude. Deer mice were bred in captivity and exposed to normoxia or one of four hypoxia treatments (12 kPa O2) across life stages: adult hypoxia (6–8 weeks), post-natal hypoxia (birth to adulthood), life-long hypoxia (before conception to adulthood), and parental hypoxia (mice conceived and raised in normoxia, but parents previously exposed to hypoxia). Hypoxia during perinatal development increased V̇O2max by a much greater magnitude than adult hypoxia. The amplified effect of developmental hypoxia resulted from physiological plasticity that did not occur with adult hypoxia – namely, increases in lung ventilation and volume. Evolved characteristics of deer mice enabled developmental plasticity, because white-footed mice (P. leucopus; a congener restricted to low altitudes) could not raise pups in hypoxia. Parental hypoxia had no persistent effects on V̇O2max. Therefore, developmental plasticity can have much stronger phenotypic effects and can manifest from distinct physiological mechanisms from adult acclimation.
Precipitation Variability Affects Aboveground Biomass Directly and Indirectly via Plant Functional Traits in the Desert Steppe of Inner Mongolia, Northern China

Clarifying the response of community and dominance species to climate change is crucial for disentangling the mechanism of the ecosystem evolution and predicting the prospective dynamics of communities under the global climate scenario. We examined how precipitation changes affect community structure and aboveground biomass (AGB) according to manipulated precipitation experiments in the desert steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. Bayesian model and structural equation models (SEM) were used to test variation and causal relationship among precipitation, plant diversity, functional attributes, and AGB. The results showed that the responses of species richness, evenness, and plant community weighted means traits to precipitation changes in amount and year were significant. The SEM demonstrated that precipitation change in amount and year has a direct effect on richness, evenness, and community-weighted mean (CWM) for height, leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf nitrogen content (LNC), and leaf carbon content (LCC) and AGB; there into CWM for height and LDMC had a direct positive effect on AGB; LA had a direct negative effect on AGB. Three dominant species showed diverse adaptation and resource utilization strategies in response to precipitation changes. A. polyrhizum showed an increase in height under the precipitation treatments that promoted AGB, whereas the AGB of P. harmala and S. glareosa was boosted through alterations in height and LA. Our results highlight the asynchronism of variation in community composition and structure, leaf functional traits in precipitation-AGB relationship. We proposed that altered AGB resulted from the direct and indirect effects of plant functional traits (plant height, LA, LDMC) rather than species diversity, plant functional traits are likely candidate traits, given that they are mechanistically linked to precipitation changes and affected aboveground biomass in a desert steppe.
Examining the Potential Synergistic Effects Between Mindfulness Training and Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy

Mindfulness-based interventions and psychedelic-assisted therapy have been experimentally utilised in recent years as alternative treatments for various psychopathologies with moderate to great success. Both have also demonstrated significant post-acute and long-term decreases in clinical symptoms and enhancements in well-being in healthy participants. These two therapeutic interventions share various postulated salutogenic mechanisms, such as the ability to alter present-moment awareness and anti-depressive action, via corresponding neuromodulatory effects. Recent preliminary evidence has also demonstrated that psychedelic administration can enhance mindfulness capacities which has already been demonstrated robustly as a result of mindfulness-based interventions. These shared mechanisms between mindfulness-based interventions and psychedelic therapy have led to scientists theorising, and recently demonstrating, synergistic effects when both are used in combination, in the form of potentiated therapeutic benefit. These synergistic results hold great promise but require replication in bigger sample groups and better controlled methodologies, to fully delineate the effect of set and setting, before they can be extended onto clinical populations.
The Impact of the Aussie Optimism Program on the Emotional Coping of 5- to 6-Year-Old Children

Research indicates that mental health disorders can occur in children as young as 4 years of age, prompting the need for prevention programs for young children. The ability to use healthy strategies to cope with emotions is a protective factor against mental health disorders that can be effectively taught to children from an early age. The current study used a pre-test post-test cluster randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of the new Aussie Optimism: I Spy Feelings Program. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the program on children’s emotional coping. The program included content on emotion regulation strategies, focusing on the emotions of happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and worry. The participants were 73 children (intervention = 33; control = 40) from pre-primary classes. Four schools were cluster randomized to the intervention or control group, resulting in two schools in each condition. Parents completed measures of their children’s emotional coping with sadness, anger and worry. Children in the intervention group participated in ten sessions of the I Spy Feelings Program, spread over 5 weeks. The results indicated a significant, small to moderate intervention effect for coping with anger. Children in the control group decreased in their ability to cope with anger, while children in the intervention group remained stable. No intervention effects were found for coping with sadness or worry, with results for these emotions staying stable across time for both groups. This pilot study will inform the further development of the program. The effects of the program on coping with anger provide support for the use of emotion regulation strategies in intervention programs to maintain healthy emotional coping, which is a protective factor against internalizing and externalizing disorders in childhood.
Sensitivity Study of the Influence of Blade Sectional Stiffness Parameters on the Aeroelastic Response of Wind Turbines

With the development of wind turbines as a result of large-scale and offshore trends, the wind turbine size is becoming increasingly larger. The passive control technique is used to alleviate the increasing loads on the blade for the sake of improving the durability of the wind turbine. The ply design of shells considering the coupling effect of bending and torsion is one of the passive control techniques. The bending torsion coupling stiffness is one of the parameters of the blade section stiffness matrix. In order to fully understand the influence of each blade stiffness parameter on the aeroelastic responses of wind turbines and to consider the influence of structural characteristics on the aeroelastic responses in blade design, the influences and sensitivity of each stiffness parameter in the 6 × 6 stiffness matrix of the blade sections on the aeroelastic responses of the wind turbines are systematically studied under steady wind condition. The aerodynamic forces in the aeroelastic model are calculated by an AeroDyn module based on blade element momentum theory, and the structural dynamic responses of the blade are calculated using generalized Timoshenko beam theory and geometric exact beam theory. The NREL baseline 5 MW wind turbine and blade properties are used in this study, where the diagonal stiffness parameters and non-diagonal stiffness parameters of the matrixes of each blade section are scaled according to certain principles. The results show that the axial stiffness, the flap-wise stiffness, and the torsional stiffness in the diagonal are sensitive to the root loads and tip displacement of the blade. The flap-wise bending torsion coupling stiffness, the flap-wise shear-torsion coupling stiffness, and the edge-wise shear-torsion coupling stiffness in the non-diagonal are also sensitive to the aeroelastic responses. For completeness, the effects of other stiffness parameters on the aeroelastic responses are also analyzed and discussed.
Semantic Search of Mobile Applications Using Word Embeddings

This paper proposes a set of approaches for the semantic search of mobile applications, based on their name and on the unstructured textual information contained in their description. The proposed approaches make use of word-level, character-level, and contextual word-embeddings that have been trained or fine-tuned using a dataset of about 500 thousand mobile apps, collected in the scope of this work. The proposed approaches have been evaluated using a public dataset that includes information about 43 thousand applications, and 56 manually annotated non-exact queries. Our results show that both character-level embeddings trained on our data, and fine-tuned RoBERTa models surpass the performance of the other existing retrieval strategies reported in the literature. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Information systems → Retrieval models and ranking; Information systems → Document representation; Information systems → Language models; Information systems → Search engine indexing; Information systems → Similarity measures; Computing methodologies → Machine learning
Overall Volume Trends in Esophageal Cancer Surgery Results From the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: In the pursuit of quality improvement, this study aimed to investigate volume-outcome trends in oncologic esophagectomy in the Netherlands. Summary of Background Data: Concentration of Dutch esophageal cancer care was dictated by introducing an institutional minimum of 20 resections/yr. Methods: This nationwide cohort study included all esophagectomy patients registered in the Dutch Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Audit in 2016–2019 from hospitals currently still performing esophagectomies. Annual esophagectomy hospital volume was assigned to each patient and categorized into quartiles. Multivariable logistic regression investigated short-term surgical outcomes. Restricted cubic splines investigated if volume-outcome relationships eventually plateaued. Results: In 16 hospitals, 3135 esophagectomies were performed. First volume quartile hospitals performed 24–39 resections/yr; second, third, and fourth quartile hospitals performed 40–53, 54–69, and 70–101, respectively. Compared to quartile 1, in quartiles 2 to 4, overall/severe/technical complication, anastomotic leakage, and prolonged hospital/intensive care unit stay rates were significantly lower and textbook outcome and lymph node yield were higher. When raising the cut-off from the first to second quartile, higher-volume centers had less technical complications [Adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70–0.96], less anastomotic leakage (aOR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.66–0.97), more textbook outcome (aOR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.07–1.46), shorter intensive care unit stay (aOR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.69–0.93), and higher lymph node yield (aOR: 3.56, 95% CI: 2.68–4.77). For most outcomes the volume-outcome trend plateaued at 50–60 annual resections, but lymph node yield and anastomotic leakage continued to improve. Conclusion: Although this study does not reflect on individual hospital quality, there appears to be a volume trend towards better outcomes in high-volume centers. Projects have been initiated to improve national quality of care by reducing hospital variation (irrespective of volume) in outcomes in The Netherlands.
The Dual Burden of HIV Infection and First-Episode Psychosis in Africa

Abstract A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize data on HIV prevalence in individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and to provide an overview of the association of HIV with clinical variables of FEP. Electronic databases were searched for quantitative studies published from January 1986 to November 2019. Meta-analyses were undertaken to calculate the pooled HIV/FEP proportion based on random effects modeling with inverse variance method. Seven HIV/FEP studies from sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of HIV in FEP ranged from 24% to 40%, and FEP in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) ranged from 17% to 29%. The pooled proportion of HIV in FEP was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10%–43%), with significant heterogeneity (n = 3, I2 = 89%, p < 0.01), and of FEP in PLWHIV was 23% (95% CI, 15%–32%), without significant heterogeneity (n = 3, I2 = 0%, p = 0.43). There are concerning levels of HIV and FEP comorbidity in SSA, necessitating an integrated health care service.