Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatio‐temporal modelling of auk abundance after the Erika oil spill and implications for conservation

1. Species distribution models are widely used in applied ecology and conservation. While accounting for spatial dependences is now the rule, temporal dependences have rarely been dealt with explicitly. In this study, we analyse wintering auk distribution in the Bay of Biscay and English Channel and estimate changes in abundance within and between years while accounting for space–time dependencies. We then propose a retrospective estimate of the impact of the Erika oil spill that occurred in December 1999. 2. Two series of extensive aerial surveys, repeated at intervals of 1–2 months, were carried out at a 10-year interval off the French Atlantic coast (2001–2002 and 2011–2012). Spatially and temporally explicit Bayesian models were fitted to these data to provide spatio-temporal predictions of auk abundance. These were then used to compare abundances within the area affected by the Erika oil spill two and twelve years after the catastrophe. 3. The results showed that 1 55 million auks wintered in the study area in 2011–2012. The main wintering area was the English Channel (more than one million auks) but the Bay of Biscay also became an important area in the middle of winter (470 000 auks) owing to a strong southward shift in auk distribution. 4. Two years after the catastrophe (2001–2002), the area affected by the Erika oil spill hosted a small proportion of auks of the Bay of Biscay – about 80 000 individuals. This number increased by more than three times 10 years later and reached 270 000 individuals, whereas no significant change was detected elsewhere. We suggest that it could result from a recovery after the extra-mortality induced by the Erika oil spill. 5. Policy implications. This study identified major auk wintering areas, with abundances much higher than previously realized. Oil spills have occurred regularly in these areas, with major delayed impacts on auk breeding populations. The worst case scenario would be if a major oil spill occurred in the English Channel in February, when abundance reaches one million auks. Although such a disaster has not so far occurred, stricter policies on the transport of hydrocarbons should be implemented to prevent such a possibility.
Overexpression of c-KIT (CD117) in triple-negative breast cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the lack of expression of the estrogen receptor and the progesterone receptor, and the absence of HER2 protein expression, thus there is no targeted therapy for this subtype. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of c-KIT, which is a tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor and has its target therapy. Hematoxylin-stained and eosin-stained sections of 72 mastectomy specimens from female patients immunohistochemically confirmed as having TNBC were assessed for grade (G2, n=22; G3, n=50) and pathological stage (PT2, n=12; PT3, n=44; PT4, n=16). Immunostaining was performed for c-KIT using microwave antigen retrieval and an avidin–biotin complex method. The frequency of immunoreactivity was 75%; there was a significant correlation with tumor grade, lymph node metastasis, and lympho-vascular space invasion but no significant correlation with patient’s age, pathological stage, overall survival, and tumor recurrence. Hence, the overexpression of c-KIT in this category of tumor suggests that it may prove useful as a therapeutic target in TNBC.
RANDOM CLADISTICS

The paper by Faith and Cranston (1991) is but the latest manifestation ofa disturbing phenomenon in cladistics. In their paper, as well as in Archie ( 1989) and Faith ( I99 1) ~ randomizations of character data are used to specify a decision criterion. It is my purpose here to argue that such applications are ill-conceived. In Faith and Cranston ( 199 11 and Archie [ 1989), c aracter states from a given data h matrix are reassigned to taxa under an equiprobable random model, the number and frequency of states being maintained. Cladistic analysis is then performed on the contrived data set. The procedure is repeated a specified number of times (99 or 100, respectively). The frequency of cladograms having a length at least as short as that tbr the real data is treated as the critical value for determining whether the data arc phylogenetically informative, that is, as the level ofsignificance for a Type I error (in this case, incorrect rejection of random congruence). If the conclusion is no difference between lengths for real and contrived data, the cladogram for the real data is regarded as poorly supported. Faith (199 1) extended the matrix permutation approach to specific groups on the cladogram. I will argue that these procedures amount to no more than a misapplication of statistics, and add nothing to the use of cladistic parsimony.
Classical biological control of the cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in Washington State and rôle of field insectaries, a review

ABSTRACT The cereal leaf beetle (CLB) Oulema melanopus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), was considered a high risk to Washington State’s cereal grain production when the pest was found there in 1999. Biological control agents, which had proven successful in the Midwest, were introduced beginning in 2000. The parasitoids were released into field insectaries that were modified for the region and set up at CLB hotspots across the state. The egg parasitoid, Anaphes flavipes (Förster) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), failed to establish. The larval parasitoid, Tetrastichus julis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), established successfully at all insectaries. Assays of commercial grain fields showed the parasitoid dispersing widely beyond the insectaries. A proactive Extension programme enabled farmers to benefit from the biocontrol without applying insecticides to manage the CLB. A modified insectary, consisting of oat strips seeded between commercial fields of winter and spring wheat, demonstrated potential as a way for farmers to increase parasitoid populations on their land. Within 5 years of first overwintering, T. julis had established across the state and was effectively suppressing CLB.
Crossflow Membrane Filtration of Wines: Comparison of Performance of Ultrafiltration, Microfiltration, and Intermediate Cut-Off Membranes

Crossflow membrane filtration experiments have been performed using three membranes: (1) a cellulose-nitrate microfiltration membrane having an average pore diameter of 0.2 µm (MF 0.2); (2) a polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane having a nominal cut-off of 100 000 daltons (UF 100); and (3) a cellulose-acetate membrane having a cut-off of 20 000 daltons (UF 20). Experiments have been carried out on a white, very light wine and a red, fullbodied wine. Retention data, evaluated for all major wine components, show that differences in membrane behavior mostly concern the colloidal and phenolic fractions, with consequences on the taste and color of wines. Colloids are fully retained by the UF 20 membrane, while they fully permeate the MF 0.2 membrane; intermediate retentions (50%-60%) were observed for the UF 100 membrane. Similarly, phenolics are strongly retained by the UF 20 membrane (70%-80% retentions of all fractions, including anthocyanins), moderately retained (20%-30% retention) by the UF 100 membrane, and practically unretained by the MF 0.2 membrane. While a partial removal of tannins from the red wine was beneficial in terms of taste, as pointed out by the sensory evaluation of astringency, the removal of anthocyanins by the UF 20 membrane determined an unacceptable loss of red wine color. Concerning the turbidity reduction, it was observed that all three membranes gave acceptable results when operating on the slightly cloudy white wine, while the performance of the MF 0.2 membrane was inadequate on the highly turbid red wine. Finally, the comparison of permeability data obtained in the red wine treatment demonstrated that the MF 0.2 membrane was largely superior to the other two membranes in that it did not retain, and therefore was not plugged by, colloids. It is concluded that ultrafiltration membranes are unsuitable for wine treatment and that the optimum cut-off probably lies around 0.1 µm, which is the lower range of pore diameter of the classical microfiltration processes.
Monitoring managed forest structure at the compartment-level under different silvicultural heritages: An exploratory data analysis in Italy

ABSTRACT The more and more diffused multifunctional role addressed nowadays to public forests, calls for targeted analysis aimed at highlighting the overall outcome of different practices implemented on the same forest compartment, according to the locally prevailing function. This study was carried out in four Italian beech forests across a latitudinal gradient representative of multiple management history, stand structure, and dominant stand age. We analyze forest structure at the compartment scale before and after silvicultural practices. We aim to explore relationships and similarities between 10 stand attributes (mensurational and structural variables) to identify relevant indicators for the monitoring and management of forest ecosystems. Results indicate changing patterns of correlation and similarity among mensurational variables following practice implementation. A sensitivity gradient to silvicultural practice was finally identified within the four sites investigated as a result of the diverging stand structure. Our approach suggests a way and provides an insight for the design of adaptive forestry management practices required to meet environmental targets, in addition to the already acknowledged supply of primary goods and services.
Fruit consumption and seed dispersal of wild banana Musa acuminata by short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx

Feeding behavior of the short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx on fruits of wild banana Musa acuminata and seed dispersal were studied in the Tropical Rainforest Conservation Area, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Yunnan Province from September to December in 2004 by observation, using mist net and seed collecting. C.sphinx began to visit M.acuminata about 30 min after sunset, they typically transported fruits to feeding roosts where they consumed fruit pulp and expelled fibrous spats and seeds beneath feeding roosts. Analysis of the temporal distribution of feeding behavior revealed two peaks of activity, one in 20:30, and another in 22:30 before midnight, which was consistent with results obtained by sampling with mist net. The number of individuals of C.sphinx captured by mist nets were 2.2±0.3/day and 1.4±0.3/day in rain season(Sep. to Oct.) and dry season(Dec. to Nov.), respectively, this difference was not significant. The number of seed pellets expelled was 9.0±1.1/day, 7.2±1.4/day in rain and dry seasons, respectively, but this difference was not significant. Seed dispersal differed significantly among habitats. We found the seed of M.acuminata can be dispersed by C.sphinx to a range of about 200 m, and C.sphinx may be an effective seed disperser of M.acuminate.
The development of hippocampal and dorsolateral pallial regions of the cerebral hemisphere in fetal rabbits. II. Twenty millimeter stage, neuroblast morphology

The structure of the pallial region of the cerebral hemisphere of 20 mm rabbit embryos was studied with aniline and Golgi stains. The presence of a cortical plate distinguishes this stage from 15 mm embryos. It is a dense layer consisting of nerve cells which have migrated from the matrix lamina and represents the layer which will form most of the cerebral cortex. Golgi impregnations at this stage show that it consists largely of pyramidal cells whose apical dendrites ascend and branch in the marginal lamina.
Synchronous dynamics of Microtine rodent populations on Islands in Lake Inari in Northern Fennoscandia-Evidence for regulation by Mustelid predators

We surveyed the densities of small mammals on 17 islands in Lake Inari in Finnish Lapland during 5 yr to estimate the degree of spatial synchrony in the dynamics of microtine rodents (Clethrionomys, Microtus) and shrews (Sorex). Microtine rodents have a 4-5 yr population cycle in Lapland. Most island populations of microtine rodents were in complete synchrony with the mainland populations and each other, and the same-island rodent and shrew populations showed largely synchronous population changes. The few exceptions included small and isolated populations of Microtus oeconomus fluctuating out of synchrony
Measurement and Analysis on feed Intake of Elaphurus davidianus in Beijing Milupark

In order to determine feed intake of Elaphurus davidianus under the grazing environment,a total number of 116 healthy Elaphurus davidianus were selected.A total of eighty-eight sample plots(1m x 1m/plot)were used in the study.The results showed that The feed intake of Elaphurus davidianus under the grazing environment was 10.27 kg dry matter in the mixed pasture which include Medicago sativa,lolium perenne L. ,Bromusinermis Leyss,Poa annua and so on.The differences of pasture and nutritional needs of Elaphurus davidianus were analyzed.This study will provide reference for the grazing feed intake of Elaphurus davidianus under natural condition.
Effects of exogenous ABA on physiological and biochemical indexes in Camptotheca accuminata seedlings under osmotic stress

In order to provide theoretical basis for cultivation and utilization in Camptotheca accuminata,effects of exogenous ABA on physiological and biochemical indexes in C.accuminata seedlings under osmotic stress were studied.The results showed that contents of Pro and MDA were increased in C.accuminata seedlings under osmotic stress,but content of Pro was lower and content of MDA was increased firstly and then decreased after increasing application of exogenous ABA.Activities of SOD and CAT became lower in C.accuminata seedlings under osmotic stress,and exogenous ABA could slow down the trend.Activity of POD was increased firstly and then decreased under osmotic stress,and exogenous ABA could make activity of POD increased.Content of CPT was increased under osmotic stress,and positive effect of exogenous ABA on it was not significant.Content of 10-OH CPT was decreased under osmotic stress,and the trend was accelerated after increasing application of exogenous ABA.
Temporal and regional expression of NMDA receptor subunit NR3A in the mammalian brain

Wong H-K, Liu, X-B, Matos MF, Chan SF, Pérez-Otaño I, Boysen M, Cui J, Nakanishi N, Trimmer JS, Jones EG, Lipton SA, Sucher NJ. 2002. Temporal and regional expression of NMDA receptor subunit NR3A in the mammalian brain. J Comp Neurol 450:303-317. DOI: 10.1002/cne.10314. Hon-Kit Wong, Xiao-Bo Liu, Maria F. Matos, Shing Fai Chan, Isabel Pérez-Otavño, Megan Boysen, Jiankun Cui, Nobuki Nakanishi, James S. Trimmer, Edward G. Jones, Stuart A. Lipton, and Nikolaus J. Sucher
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease is genetically heterogeneous

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a clinically heterogeneous neurodegenerative condition characterized by pathological intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions. A CGG repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC was recently identified to be associated with NIID in patients of Japanese descent. We screened pathologically confirmed European NIID, cases of neurodegenerative disease with intranuclear inclusions and applied in silico‐based screening using whole‐genome sequencing data from 20 536 participants in the 100 000 Genomes Project. We identified a single European case harbouring the pathogenic repeat expansion with a distinct haplotype structure. Thus, we propose new diagnostic criteria as European NIID represents a distinct disease entity from East Asian cases.
Patch test reactivity to DMDM hydantoins

The relationship between contact allergy to formaldehyde and positive patch test reactions to DMDM hydantoin was investigated– 35 formaldehyde‐allergic patients were patch tested with serial dilutions of formaldehyde (0.1% 0.3% 1.0% aq.) and DM hydantoin (the non‐formaldehyde‐containing parent compound of DMDM hydantoin), 21 were also patch tested with MDM hydantoin (1 molecule formaldehyde) in serial dilutions: 7 (33%) reacted to 1 or more concentrations. The other 14 were also tested with DMDM hydantoin (2 molecules formaldehyde) in serial dilutions: 8 (57%) reacted to 1 or more concentrations. Patients patch‐test‐positive to formaldehyde 0.1% and. or 0.3% tended to show more patch test reactivity to (D)MDM hydantoin than those who resided only to 1%. Aqueous solutions of (D)MDM hydantoin in concentrations as used in cosmetic products therefore contain enough fret formaldehyde to cause dermatitis in a patch lost system in some formaldehyde‐allergic patients: 12 such patients applied a cream containing 1% DMDM hydantoin to the flexor aspect of the lower arm twice daily for 1 week; 4 (33%) developed dermatitis. The use of a cream containing 0.25% DMDM hydantoin in these 4 patients still caused dermatitis in I and provoked itching in another. An increase in the use of DMDM hydantoin in cosmetic products will also inevitable increase the risk of cosmetic dermatitis in consumers allergic to formaldehyde.
Isolation, Characterization and Mass Multiplication of Native Isolates of Pseudomonas sp. from south Gujarat.

Isolation, Characterization and Mass Multiplication of Native Isolates of Pseudomonas sp. from south Gujarat Name of the student Major Advisor Mr. Waghunde R. R. Dr. A.N. Sabalpara DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY N.M. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY NAVSARI396 450
Afferent innervation of outer hair cells in adult cats: II. Electron microscopic analysis of fibers labeled with horseradish peroxidase

Outer spiral fibers (OSFs) were retrogradely labeled with injections of horseradish peroxidase. After the peripheral arborization patterns were reconstructed at the light microscopic level (Simmons and Liberman, '88), restricted regions of selected fibers were analyzed via electron‐microscopic reconstruction of serial sections. The ultrastructural data in the present study suggested that the contact between the outer hair cell (OHC) and the terminal swellings of OSFs corresponds to the afferent synapse described in numerous other ultrastructural studies. The en passant swellings that contacted OHCs also appeared to be points of synaptic contact. However, en passant synapses were not always associated with a swelling of the OSF at the point of contact: thus, the light‐microscopic reconstructions probably underestimate the numbers of synapses. OSF branches terminating well below the OHCs were seen to end most commonly in intimate contact with the Deiters' cells. Membrane specialization was occasionally seen at this point of contact; however, the specialization was sufficiently undifferentiated to preclude identification.
Cypermethrin impact on total protein in muscle and liver of the freshwater fish Channa striatus

The effect of cypermethrin on total protein in muscle and liver tissues were estimated in freshwater fish Channa striatus. Fishes were exposed to sublethal concentration of cypermethrin (0.00078ul/lit) for 24,48,72, and 96hours of different time intervals. The total protein level was found to decrease 58.99, 41.12, 38.11, 21.81mg/lit in muscle and 23.62, 20.77, 19.17, 12.67 mg/lit in liver tissues at different exposure period.
Antifungal activity of leaf essential oil from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum (Gamble) N.Chao

Antifungal activities of essential oil from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum were evaluated.The results showed high inhibition on hypae growth of Pyricularia oryzae Cav. ,Pestalotia funereal,Rhizoctonia solani Kuha. ,Curvularia lunata(Walk) Boed,Gibberelle zeae(Schw.) Petch. ,Collectotrichum gloeosporioides(Perz.) sacc.The values of IC_(50), MIC and MBC implied that the strongest inhibition was to Rhizoctonia solani Kuha.The inhibitory activities were higher than that of the other Cinnamomum oil;Under the treatment of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum oil,the hypee growth was reduced,spore germination was inhibited,cell wall of treated hypae disappeared,and protoplast was resoluted.
Analysis of linear description of type traits in the varieties and studs of the Old Kladrub horse

An evaluation of the linear description of type in 494 horses of the Old Kladrub breed for 32 traits was used to analyse the effect of variety, stud, sex, year of birth and age at description. A linear model with fixed effects was used. The highest coefficient of variation was calculated for the forelimb side-view (40.14%), chest girth (36.25%) and height at withers (30.97%). 28 out of 32 traits were in the range from 7 to 9 utilized scores. The descriptor used a very high number of scores of the scale. Significant differences between both varieties were found in 13 out of 32 traits. Significant differences were found in 12 out of 32 traits between the Kladruby stud farm and the private studs. There is no reasonable explanation of this fact. A significant variety × stud interaction was recorded in only 7 traits. Significant differences between stallions and mares were recorded in a large number of front and body traits (in 11 out of 18 traits) and in 2 rear traits. Despite of a remarkable number of significant differences between the years of birth (in 18 out of 32 traits) and age at description (in 13 out of 32 traits) both factors are not the important ones for the selection of horses according to the type traits. The description of type traits, performance recording and selection are carried out in the population of four-years-old horses born in the given year. The age at description does not play a role because all horses are now described each year at a standard age of four years. The linear description of type is an important tool for the breeding and conservation of genetic diversity within the breed.
EFFECTS OF NUTRIENTS ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND PROPERTIES OF SKELETONEMA COSTATUM AND NITZSCHIA CLOSTERIUM

Variations of some biochemical constituents and properties of the two marine diatoms skeletonema costatum and Nitzschia closterium with nutrients concentrations of culture medium, and their relationship with growth rate are studied in batch culture from May 1995 to Mar. 1996. The biochemical factors include chlorophyll-a, carbohydrate and the activity of alkaline phosphatase. The results indicate that the contents of chlorophyll-a in the algal cells are mainly influenced by nitrate, and the contents of carbohydrate are obviously affected by chlorophyll-a. Under the condition of nitrogen limitation, the contents of chlorophyll-a and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the algal cells are low and are positively correlated with relative growth rates (μ). The content of carbohydrate in the algal cells increases accumulation, then decreases because of the low contents of chlorophyll-a. Under the conditons of phosphorus limitation, the contents of chlorophyll-a, carbohydrate and the activity of alkaline phosphatase increase and are negatively correlated with μ. Carbohydrate accumulate more than that under the condition of nitrogen limitation. The biochemical factors vary distinctly in the range of from 0.8 to 0.9. It is surplus when 0.9, limited while 0.8. The biochethecal factors of the two species vary differently with nutrients. S. costatum's uptake ability of nitrogen is high so hitrogen limitation has little effect on it. The uptake ability of phosphorus and the ability of utilizing organic phosphorus by N. closterium are high, and it is affected little by phosphorus limitation, but is likely to be influenced by nitrogen insufficiency.