Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clusters under strong vuv pulses : A quantum-classical hybrid description incorporating plasma effects

The quantum-classical hybrid description of rare-gas clusters interacting with intense light pulses which we have developed is described in detail. Much emphasis is put on the treatment of screening electrons in the cluster which set the time scale for the evolution of the system and form the link between electrons strongly bound to ions and quasifree plasma electrons in the cluster. As an example, we discuss the dynamics of an Ar{sub 147} cluster exposed to a short vuv laser pulse of 20 eV photon energy.
Synergistic Effects of Graphene Oxide and Pesticides on Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, a native insect pest in tropical and subtropical America, has rapidly spread to most parts of China and become a major pest of corn and other crops since invading in early January 2019. As an emergency and important control measure, chemical control of S. frugiperda has the advantages of quick effect and low cost. However, long-term and large-scale use of pesticides might pollute the environment and increase pest resistance. By improving the control effect and reducing the dosage of chemical pesticides, graphene oxide (GO) is used synergistically with insecticides to increase control efficacy to achieve low-cost and sustainable management of insect pests as a new type of synergist. In this study, graphene oxide was compounded with insecticides to form nanocomposites. To clarify pest physiological responses, the laboratory toxicity of graphene oxide-insecticide nanocomposites was measured on the larvae of S. frugiperda. The results demonstrated that GO could enhance the activity of four selected pesticides: chlorantraniliprole (Chl), beta cypermethrin (Bet), methoxyhydrazide (Met) and spinetoram (Spi). Compared with pesticides alone, the toxicity of Chl-GO, Bet-GO, Met-GO and Spi-GO mixtures to the third instar larvae of S. frugiperda increased by 1.56, 1.54, 2.53 and 1.74 times, respectively. The easy preparation and higher bioactivity of GO-pesticide nanocomposites indicated their promising application potential in pest control.
Complementary Romanovski-Routh polynomials: From orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle to Coulomb wave functions

We consider properties and applications of a sequence of polynomials known as complementary Romanovski-Routh polynomials (CRR polynomials for short). These polynomials, which follow from the Romanovski-Routh polynomials or complexified Jacobi polynomials, are known to be useful objects in the studies of the one-dimensional Schrodinger equation and also the wave functions of quarks. One of the main results of this paper is to show how the CRR-polynomials are related to a special class of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle. As another main result, we have established their connection to a class of functions which are related to a subfamily of Whittaker functions that includes those associated with the Bessel functions and the regular Coulomb wave functions. An electrostatic interpretation for the zeros of CRR-polynomials is also considered.
Real world reflection: how physiotherapists experience reflection in their practice

ABSTRACT This paper explores the nature of reflection that qualified physiotherapists use in their day-to-day practice. This is an area in which there is a dearth of research. With a grounded theory approach purposive sampling was used to recruit seven qualified physiotherapists for photo-elicitation interviews exploring whether they did reflect and if so, what their reflection was like. The findings were that they did reflect but that it occurred outside of working hours. Four conceptual categories were identified: Personal Concept, Personal Process, Time and Head-Space. Practitioners had their own ideas of what reflection was, own ways of reflecting and personal strategies for making the head space to reflect in. Typically, they used thinking modes of reflection, with occasional dialogical modes; written reflection was rare. Of novel significance was the use of strategies to complete reflection to their satisfaction, most frequently walking but also preparing vegetables, driving and showering, typically outside of work hours. The use of such cognitively non-demanding, routinised activities to aid reflection has not been widely explored in the literature on reflection and may suggest a need to rethink approaches to support the teaching of reflection which would have high validity for its place in the real world of practice.
Spikes and diffusion waves in a one-dimensional model of chemotaxis

We consider the one-dimensional initial value problem for the viscous transport equation with nonlocal velocity ut = uxx − (u(K′ * u))x with a given kernel . We show the existence of global-in-time nonnegative solutions and we study their large time asymptotics. Depending on K′, we obtain either linear diffusion waves (i.e. the fundamental solution of the heat equation) or nonlinear diffusion waves (the fundamental solution of the viscous Burgers equation) in asymptotic expansions of solutions as t → ∞. Moreover, for certain aggregation kernels, we show a concentration of solution on an initial time interval, which resemble a phenomenon of the spike creation, typical in chemotaxis models.
Deformation theory and finite simple quotients of triangle groups II

Let 2 ≤ a ≤ b ≤ c ∈ N with µ = 1/a + 1/b + 1/c < 1 and let T = Ta,b,c = hx,y,z : x a = y b = z c = xyz = 1i be the corresponding hyperbolic triangle group. Many papers have been dedicated to the following question: what are the finite (simple) groups which appear as quotients of T? (Classically, for (a,b,c) = (2,3,7) and more recently also for general (a,b,c). ) These papers have used either explicit constructive methods or probabilistic ones. The goal of this paper is to present a new approach based on the theory of representation varieties (via deformation theory). As a corollary we essentially prove a conjecture of Marion (21) showing that various finite simple groups are not quotients of T, as well as positive results showing that many finite simple groups are quotients of T.
Cultivated Land Input Behavior of Different Types of Rural Households and Its Impact on Cultivated Land-Use Efficiency: A Case Study of the Yimeng Mountain Area, China

Analyzing cultivated land input behavior (CLIB) at the scale of rural households links with cultivated land-use efficiency (CLUE), this study examined the Yimeng Mountain area in northern China, supported by field survey data from 737 rural households. This research systematically analyzed the characteristics of CLIB of different types of rural households, measured the CLUE of different types of rural households by using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, and explored the influence of CLIB on CLUE based on the Tobit regression model. The results show (1) significant differences in the characteristics of the CLIB of different types of rural households in the Yimeng Mountain area. Among them, the highest land, labor, and capital inputs were I part-time rural households (I PTRH), followed by full-time rural households (FTRH). In contrast, II part-time rural households (II PTRH) and non-agricultural rural households (NARH) had higher levels of non-agricultural employment; however, their input levels gradually declined. (2) The CLUE of the sample rural households was generally low and had considerable potential for improvement. Regarding the types of rural households, as the degree of part-time employment increased, the CLUE showed an inverted U-shaped trend of first increased and then decreased, namely, I PTRH > FTRH > II PTRH > NARH. This finding indicates that appropriate part-time employment could help to promote investment in agricultural production and improve the CLUE. (3) The CLIB of rural households had significant effects on CLUE; the literacy of the agricultural labor force, yield-increasing input per unit area, per capita household income, share of agricultural income, operation scale of cultivated land, effective irrigation rate of cultivated land, and soil and water conservation rate of cultivated land had positive effects on improving CLUE. Even so, there was still significant heterogeneity in the degree of influence of different rural household types. The study concluded with some policy recommendations from the perspective of different rural household types to provide references for optimizing farming inputs and improving CLUE.
Induced L∞ Quantized Control for Exponential Synchronization of Complex Network Subject To Periodic Switched Coefficients

In this article, an induced <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal L_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> synchronization controller design problem is proposed for the complex network with periodic switched coefficients under the dynamic quantization scheme. A novel periodic dynamic quantization scheme is utilized to handle the transmitted control signal to avoid the undesired networked problem, in which, the variables to be designed are introduced as parameter-dependent variables corresponding to the periodic switched coefficients of the complex network to increase the flexibility. Then, by using a robust-model-based approach, the dynamics of the synchronization error are modeled by a special uncertain system. The main purpose of the problem addressed is to design a synchronization controller, such that the complex network is exponentially synchronized with an induced <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal L_{\infty }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> performance. Sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the synchronization task. Next, the design conditions of both of synchronization controller and parameter-dependent variables related the dynamic adjustable parameter are characterized by the convex problem. An example demonstrates the proposed controller design criteria and the dynamic quantization scheme.
Genomic Regions From an Iranian Landrace Increase Kernel Size in Durum Wheat

Kernel size and shape are important parameters determining the wheat profitability, being main determinants of yield and its technological quality. In this study, a segregating population of 118 recombinant inbred lines, derived from a cross between the Iranian durum landrace accession “Iran_249” and the Iranian durum cultivar “Zardak”, was used to investigate durum wheat kernel morphology factors and their relationships with kernel weight, and to map the corresponding QTLs. A high density genetic map, based on wheat 90k iSelect Infinium SNP assay, comprising 6,195 markers, was developed and used to perform the QTL analysis for kernel length and width, traits related to kernel shape and weight, and heading date, using phenotypic data from three environments. Overall, a total of 31 different QTLs and 9 QTL interactions for kernel size, and 21 different QTLs and 5 QTL interactions for kernel shape were identified. The landrace Iran_249 contributed the allele with positive effect for most of the QTLs related to kernel length and kernel weight suggesting that the landrace might have considerable potential toward enhancing the existing gene pool for grain shape and size traits and for further yield improvement in wheat. The correlation among traits and co-localization of corresponding QTLs permitted to define 11 clusters suggesting causal relationships between simplest kernel size trait, like kernel length and width, and more complex secondary trait, like kernel shape and weight related traits. Lastly, the recent release of the T. durum reference genome sequence allowed to define the physical interval of our QTL/clusters and to hypothesize novel candidate genes inspecting the gene content of the genomic regions associated to target traits.
Detecting Malicious URLs Using Machine Learning Techniques: Review and Research Directions

In recent years, the digital world has advanced significantly, particularly on the Internet, which is critical given that many of our activities are now conducted online. As a result of attackers’ inventive techniques, the risk of a cyberattack is rising rapidly. One of the most critical attacks is the malicious URL intended to extract unsolicited information by mainly tricking inexperienced end users, resulting in compromising the user’s system and causing losses of billions of dollars each year. As a result, securing websites is becoming more critical. In this paper, we provide an extensive literature review highlighting the main techniques used to detect malicious URLs that are based on machine learning models, taking into consideration the limitations in the literature, detection technologies, feature types, and the datasets used. Moreover, due to the lack of studies related to malicious Arabic website detection, we highlight the directions of studies in this context. Finally, as a result of the analysis, we conducted on the selected studies, we present challenges that might degrade the quality of malicious URL detectors, along with possible solutions.
Mixing and perfect sampling in one-dimensional particle systems

We study the approach to equilibrium of the event-chain Monte Carlo (ECMC) algorithm for the one-dimensional hard-sphere model. Using the connection to the coupon-collector problem, we prove that a specific version of this local irreversible Markov chain realizes perfect sampling in single steps, whereas the reversible local Metropolis algorithm requires single steps for mixing. This confirms a special case of an earlier conjecture about scaling of mixing times of ECMC and of the lifted forward Metropolis algorithm, its discretized variant. We also prove that sequential ECMC (with swaps) realizes perfect sampling in single events. Numerical simulations indicate a cross-over towards mixing for the sequential forward swap Metropolis algorithm, that we introduce here. We point out open mathematical questions and possible applications of our findings to higher-dimensional models.
Mean square in the prime geodesic theorem

We prove upper bounds for the mean square of the remainder in the prime geodesic theorem, for every cofinite Fuchsian group, which improve on average on the best known pointwise bounds. The proof relies on the Selberg trace formula. For the modular group we prove a refined upper bound by using the Kuznetsov trace formula.
Spin coherence of a two-dimensional electron gas induced by resonant excitation of trions and excitons in CdTe/(Cd,Mg)Te quantum wells

The mechanisms for generation of long-lived spin coherence in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) have been studied experimentally by means of a picosecond pump-probe Kerr rotation technique. $\mathrm{Cd}\mathrm{Te}∕(\mathrm{Cd},\mathrm{Mg})\mathrm{Te}$ quantum wells with a diluted 2DEG were investigated. The strong Coulomb interaction between electrons and holes, which results in large binding energies of neutral excitons and negatively charged excitons (trions), allows one to address selectively the exciton or trion states by resonant optical excitation. Different scenarios of spin coherence generation were analyzed theoretically, among them the direct trion photocreation, the formation of trions from photogenerated excitons, and the electron-exciton exchange scattering. Good agreement between experiment and theory is found.
Determination of the Predictors with the Greatest Influence on Walking in the Elderly

Background and Objectives: Previous studies have revealed that independent variables (lower extremity strength, postural control ability, and body composition) influence gait performance and variability, but the difference in the relative influence between these variables is unclear. Hence, this study determines the variable that is the most influential predictor of gait performance and variability among potential independent variables in the elderly. Materials and Methods: Seventy-eight subjects aged ≥60 years participated. For each subject, the gait variables and lower extremity muscle strength were measured using an accelerometer worn on both feet during a 6-minute walk and a manual force sensor, respectively. The static balance ability was measured through two force plates, and the body composition was measured by applying bioelectrical impedance analysis. Linear regression analyses were performed stepwise to determine whether these variables affect gait performance and variability. Results: After adjusting for sex and gait performance, the ankle strength, body fat mass, mean velocity in the medial–lateral direction, ankle plantar flexion strength, and girth were predictors of gait speed dorsiflexion, gait performance, swing width of the gait performance, walking speed, and gait variability, respectively. Conclusions: Overall, gait performance in the elderly is related to muscle strength, postural control, and body composition in a complex manner, but gait variability appears to be more closely related to ankle muscle strength. This study provides further evidence that muscle strength is important in motor function and stability.
The Tail of PSR J0002+6216 and the Supernova Remnant CTB 1

We have carried out Very Large Array imaging and a Fermi timing analysis of the 115 ms γ-ray and radio pulsar PSR J0002+6216. We found that the pulsar lies at the apex of a narrowly collimated cometary-like 7′ tail of nonthermal radio emission, which we identify as a bow-shock pulsar wind nebula. The tail of the nebula points back toward the geometric center of the supernova remnant CTB 1 (G116.9+0.2) 28′ away, at a position angle θμ = 113°. We measure a proper motion with 2. 9σ significance from a Fermi timing analysis giving μ = 115 ± 33 mas yr−1 and θμ = 121° ± 13°, corresponding to a large transverse pulsar velocity of 1100 km s−1 at a distance of 2 kpc. This proper motion is of the right magnitude and direction to support the claim that PSR J0002+6216 was born from the same supernova that produced CTB 1. We explore the implications for pulsar birth periods, asymmetric supernova explosions, and mechanisms for pulsar natal kick velocities.
The Wasserstein-Fisher-Rao Metric for Waveform Based Earthquake Location

In our previous work [Chen el al., J. Comput. Phys., 373(2018)], the quadratic Wasserstein metric is successfully applied to the earthquake location problem. The actual earthquake hypocenter can be accurately recovered starting from initial values very far from the true ones. However, the seismic wave signals need to be normalized since the quadratic Wasserstein metric requires mass conservation. This brings a critical difficulty. Since the amplitude of a seismogram at a receiver is a good representation of the distance between the source and the receiver, simply normalizing the signals will cause the objective function in optimization process to be insensitive to the distance between the source and the receiver. When the data is contaminated with strong noise, the minimum point of the objective function will deviate and lead to a low accurate location result. To overcome the difficulty mentioned above, we apply the Wasserstein-Fisher-Rao (WFR) metric [Chizat et al., Found. Comput. Math., 18(2018)] to the earthquake location problem. The WFR metric is one of the newly developed metric in the unbalanced Optimal Transport theory. It does not require the normalization of the seismic signals. Thus, the amplitude of seismograms can be considered as a new constraint, which can substantially improve the sensitivity of the objective function to the distance between the source and the receiver. As a result, we can expect more accurate location results from the WFR metric based method compare to those based on quadratic Wasserstein metric under high-intensity noise. The numerical examples also demonstrate this.
The relationship between work-stress, coping strategies and job performance of tutors in college of education in greater Accra and Eastern Regions of Ghana

This study aimed at testing a model of which tutors’ ways of coping with stress are assumed to mediate the relationship between work-stress and job performance. It further investigated whether there were sex, age and work experience differences in perceived work-stress, coping strategies and job performance. The sample for the study consisted of 150 tutors from Colleges of Education in Greater-Accra and Eastern Regions. The methodological inquiry was quantitative research using survey design. The statistical tools employed in the study in analyzing the hypotheses included sample t-test, hierarchical regression, One-Way ANOVA and chi-square. Findings indicated that work-stress influenced job performance, and this depended on coping strategies. Based on these findings, it was recommended that principals of Colleges of Education should provide reasonably comfortable work environment for all tutors, and also to ensure clarity in the roles and responsibilities of the tutors, which in turn would help in coping with the work-stress.
Prioritization of EHS (Environment, Health, and Safety) Risks of Unloading and Loading Operations in Chabahar Port Using Shannon’s Entropy Technique

Background: The increase in port activities, the establishment of numerous contracting companies in the Chabahar port environment in Chabahar, Iran, and the variety of jobs and port equipment have exposed the active labor force to several risks. Objectives: This study attempted to identify and prioritize the environment, health, and safety (EHS) risks of each of these activities in the unloading and loading operations of goods in this port. Methods: This was an applied descriptive-survey study. Eighty-three managers, EHS experts, port and maritime affairs, experts of unloading and loading companies, and transportation companies of Chabahar port were involved in this study. According to the research background, 26 risks were identified and classified by port and marine experts with more than 10 years of experience under three groups, namely environment (7 risks), health (9 risks), and safety (10 risks). The risks were categorized in terms of severity, probability of occurrence, probability of discovery, and amount of financial loss. Shannon’s entropy technique was used to prioritize the risks. Results: In the safety group, the risk of explosion and fire of equipment, with a weighted score of 0.206, was the most important, and the risk of damage to pier equipment, with a weighted score of 0.02, was the least important. In the health group, the risk of working in abnormal air temperature, with a weighted score of 0.211, was the most important, and the risk of ergonomic cases, with a weighted score of 0.031, was the least important. In the environment group, the risk of waste management, with a weighted score of 0.241, was the most important, and changes in terrestrial and aquatic habitats and biodiversity, with a weighted score of 0.037, were identified as the least important risks. Conclusions: Unloading and loading operations in Chabahar port are more exposed to safety risks, and further focus should be placed on the safety dimension than the other two dimensions because, in the event of safety risks, there is a possibility of losing manpower.