Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simple but Exact Calculations of Spiral Galaxy Velocities Solely Based upon Observed Galactic Matter (An Alternative Model)

The model we are proposing, based upon our research, makes exact predictions of spiral galaxy velocity profiles (stellar velocities) solely based upon a galaxy’s observed galactic matter, totally contrary to the dark matter hypothesis. Making exact predictions for all symmetric spiral galaxies is something that no other model can do, based upon our research. Based on our preconceived hypothesis, the goal of our research was to correctly explain the reasons for observed spiral galaxy velocity profiles and to propose new equations, if needed, for such calculations. In contrast, our research has shown that dark matter proposals usually make very poor predictors of stellar velocities within spiral galaxies and elsewhere based upon assumptions of normal matter distribution. Another goal of our research was to explain increased velocities observed in galaxy clusters, and velocity anomalies within the observable universe, based on the same proposed mechanism. We also explain that modified-gravity models have their own problems relating to predictions of galaxy-cluster velocities and must also propose unseen, but known matter for these calculations. The alternative model being presented proposes what can be called background Field-Flow dynamics. Its unique Newtonian-style equations, and their exact predictions concerning all spiral galaxies studied and presented, we believe are very convincing evidence in support of this model and proposal.
Tuberculosis among Ambulatory People Living with HIV in Guangxi Province, China: A Longitudinal Study

Background: This study aims to determine the prevalence of TB among ambulatory people living with HIV in Guangxi Province, which experienced the biggest HIV epidemic in China. Methods: We undertook a longitudinal study in five HIV/AIDS designated hospitals randomly selected from Guangxi Province; all newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS outpatients from 2019 to 2021 were screened for TB and interviewed with a questionnaire. Results: A total of 4539 HIV/AIDS outpatients were enrolled, with 2886 (63.6%) men and 1653 (26.4%) women. The prevalence of TB/HIV coinfection was 0.8%, with a clear downward trend from 1.3% in 2019 to 0.4% in 2021 (p = 0.0011). The prevalence of LTBI was 24.3%, with no significant differences from 2019 to 2021. The percentages of AIDS, comorbidity, nine symptoms and abnormal chest X-ray of TB were higher than those of the other PLWH. Conclusion: The prevalence of TB among ambulatory people with HIV in Guangxi Province was 14 times higher than the general population, and the annual declined TB prevalence indicated the effectiveness of TB and HIV control and prevention over recent years. The findings proved that symptom screening was insufficient for TB diagnosis and highlighted the importance of systematic TB screening at every visit to a health facility.
THE IMACS CLUSTER BUILDING SURVEY. II. SPECTRAL EVOLUTION OF GALAXIES IN THE EPOCH OF CLUSTER ASSEMBLY

The IMACS Cluster Building Survey (ICBS) provides spectra of ∼2200 galaxies 0.31 < z < 0.54 in five rich clusters (R ≲ 5 Mpc) and the field. Infalling, dynamically cold groups with tens of members account for approximately half of the supercluster population, contributing to a growth in cluster mass of ∼100% by the present day. The ICBS spectra distinguish non-star-forming (PAS) and poststarburst (PSB) from star-forming galaxies—continuously star-forming (CSF) or starbursts (SBH or SBO), identified by anomalously strong Hδ absorption or [O ii] emission. For the infalling cluster groups and similar field groups, we find a correlation between PAS+PSB fraction and group mass, indicating substantial “preprocessing” through quenching mechanisms that can turn star-forming galaxies into passive galaxies without the unique environment of rich clusters. SBH + SBO starburst galaxies are common, and they maintain an approximately constant ratio (SBH+SBO)/CSF ≈ 25% in all environments—from field, to groups, to rich clusters. Similarly, while PSB galaxies strongly favor denser environments, PSB/PAS ≈ 10%–20% for all environments. This result, and their timescale τ ∼ 500 Myr, indicates that starbursts are not signatures of a quenching mechanism that produces the majority of passive galaxies. We suggest instead that starbursts and poststarbursts signal minor mergers and accretions, in star-forming and passive galaxies, respectively, and that the principal mechanisms for producing passive systems are (1) early major mergers, for elliptical galaxies, and (2) later, less violent processes—such as starvation and tidal stripping, for S0 galaxies.
Motor Behavioral Deficits in the Cuprizone Model: Validity of the Rotarod Test Paradigm

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disorder, which is histopathologically characterized by multifocal inflammatory demyelinating lesions affecting both the central nervous system’s white and grey matter. Especially during the progressive phases of the disease, immunomodulatory treatment strategies lose their effectiveness. To develop novel progressive MS treatment options, pre-clinical animal models are indispensable. Among the various different models, the cuprizone de- and remyelination model is frequently used. While most studies determine tissue damage and repair at the histological and ultrastructural level, functional readouts are less commonly applied. Among the various overt functional deficits, gait and coordination abnormalities are commonly observed in MS patients. Motor behavior is mediated by a complex neural network that originates in the cortex and terminates in the skeletal muscles. Several methods exist to determine gait abnormalities in small rodents, including the rotarod testing paradigm. In this review article, we provide an overview of the validity and characteristics of the rotarod test in cuprizone-intoxicated mice.
Bioinformatics analysis of prognostic value and immune cell infiltration of SERPINA1 gene in cutaneous melanoma

Background Cutaneous melanoma (CM) has a poor overall prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy effectively improves overall survival in individuals with advanced melanoma, but only some patients benefit. Serpin Family A Member 1 (SERPINA1), a type of proteinase inhibitor that is used for many targets, is abnormally expressed and plays a vital role in multiple cancers. However, little is known about the clinical significance of SERPINA1 in CM. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets were used to compare SERPINA1 expression levels. The association between SERPINA1 and other clinical factors were examined with R software, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for identification was developed. The Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER) was used to examine the invasion of immune cells, markers for immune cells, and immunological checkpoints. The predictive value of SERPINA1 DNA methylation levels for every CpG was analyzed with the MethSurv web tool. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were used to assess the roles of genes that interacted with SERPINA1. The Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) algorithm was used to predict SERPINA1’s response to ICIs. Results SERPINA1 was substantially expressed in CM. Overexpression of SERPINA1 was significantly associated with CM severity. The outcome for individuals with elevated SERPINA1 expression was good (HR =0.54, P<0.001). Using SERPINA1 expression levels, tumors and normal tissues could be reliably differentiated [area under the curve (AUC) =0.889]. Positive associations were found between SERPINA1 in CM and the infiltration of immune cells and immunological checkpoints [programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and CTLA-4]. The efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in patients with a low expression of SERPINA1 was good. The GO pathway enrichment analysis showed that activation of neutrophil granulocytes participated in enrichment in the immune response pathway. Patients with low SERPINA1 expression had low TIDE scores. Conclusions SERPINA1 is involved not only in the development and progression of CM but also in the immunological control of CM. Thus, SERPINA1 may serve as a possible biomarker for CM diagnosis, as well as its therapeutic target.
Finite difference method for transport properties of massless Dirac fermions

We adapt a finite difference method of solution of the two-dimensional massless Dirac equation, developed in the context of lattice gauge theory, to the calculation of electrical conduction in a graphene sheet or on the surface of a topological insulator. The discretized Dirac equation retains a single Dirac point (no ``fermion doubling''), avoids intervalley scattering as well as trigonal warping, and preserves the single-valley time-reversal symmetry $(=\text{symplectic}\text{ }\text{symmetry})$ at all length scales and energies\char22{}at the expense of a nonlocal finite difference approximation of the differential operator. We demonstrate the symplectic symmetry by calculating the scaling of the conductivity with sample size, obtaining the logarithmic increase due to antilocalization. We also calculate the sample-to-sample conductance fluctuations as well as the shot-noise power and compare with analytical predictions.
Dynamics of starbursting dwarf galaxies. III. A H I study of 18 nearby objects

We investigate the dynamics of starbursting dwarf galaxies, using both new and archival H I observations. We consider 18 nearby galaxies that have been resolved into single stars by HST observations, providing their star formation history and total stellar mass. We find that 9 objects have a regularly rotating H I disk, 7 have a kinematically disturbed H I disk, and 2 show unsettled H I distributions. Two galaxies (NGC 5253 and UGC 6456) show a velocity gradient along the minor axis of the H I disk, which we interpret as strong radial motions. For galaxies with a regularly rotating disk we derive rotation curves, while for galaxies with a kinematically disturbed disk, we estimate the rotation velocities in their outer parts. We derive baryonic fractions within about 3 optical scale lengths and find that, on average, baryons constitute at least 30% of the total mass. Despite the star formation having injected ~1056 ergs in the ISM in the past ~500 Myr, these starbursting dwarfs have both baryonic and gas fractions similar to those of typical dwarf irregulars, suggesting that they did not eject a large amount of gas out of their potential wells. Appendices are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda. orgH I datacubes (FITS files) are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat? J/A+A/566/A71
Optimal Decision-Making in Chinese Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions: A Perspective of Overbidding

Chinese domestic firms engage actively in the cross-border merger and acquisition (CBMA) markets, which are crucial in China’s foreign investment economics. Acquisition premium has attracted stakeholders’ attention to determine whether the CBMA decision is optimal. This study employs a novel model to assess decision-making efficiency by overbidding based on a profit maximization assumption. Based on the Chinese CBMA transaction data from 2009 to 2019 of Chinese acquiring firms, the descriptive analysis indicates the widespread overbidding phenomenon in Chinese CBMAs. Moreover, empirical findings reveal that SOEs (vs. non-SOEs) experience less overbidding among acquiring firms. This study also shows that firms from the high-tech industry tend to be less overbidding (more efficient) in the CBMAs’ setting. The findings may have policy implications for China’s outward investment efficiency.
Discovery of a quasi-periodic oscillation in the X-ray pulsar 1A 1118-615: correlated spectral and aperiodic variability

Aims. Our goal is to investigate the X-ray timing and spectral variability of the high-mass X-ray binary 1A 1118-615 during a type-II outburst. Methods. We performed a detailed color, spectral, and timing analysis of a giant outburst from 1A 1118-615 using RXTE data. Results. We report the discovery of a variable quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in the power spectral density of 1A 1118-615, with a centroid frequency of ∼0.08 Hz. The centroid frequency of the QPO correlates with the X-ray flux, as expected according to the most accredited models for QPO production. For energies above ∼4 keV, the QPO rms variability decreases as the energy increases. Pulse profiles display an energy dependence with a two-peak profile at lower energies and a single peak at higher energies. From the spectral analysis we confirm the presence of a cyclotron absorption feature at ∼60 keV, the highest value measured for an X-ray pulsar. We find that the spectral parameters (photon index, cutoff energy, iron fluorescence line strength) display a marked dependence with flux. We detect two different levels of neutral hydrogen column density, possibly owing to to the Be companion activity. We report for the first time a correlation between the timing and spectral parameters in an X-ray pulsar. All correlations found between spectral/timing parameters and X-ray flux are present up to a flux of ∼6 × 10 −9 erg cm −2 s −1 , when a saturation level is reached. We propose that the observed saturation corresponds to the minimum extent of the neutron star magnetosphere. We estimate the magnetic field of the neutron star from two independent ways, using results from spectral (cyclotron line energy) and timing (QPO frequency) analysis, obtaining consistent values of ∼7−8 × 10 12 G. Results from the comprehensive spectral and timing analysis are discussed in
Comparison of Different Approaches of Machine Learning Methods with Conventional Approaches on Container Throughput Forecasting

Container transportation is an important mode of international trade logistics in the world today, and its changes will seriously affect the development of the international market. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic has added a huge drag to global container logistics. Therefore, the accurate forecasting of container throughput can make a significant contribution to stakeholders who want to develop more accurate operational strategies and reduce costs. However, the current research on port container throughput forecasting mainly focuses on proposing more innovative forecasting methods on a single time series, but lacks the comparison of the performance of different basic models in the same time series and different time series. This study uses nine methods to forecast the historical throughput of the world’s top 20 container ports and compares the results within and between methods. The main findings of this study are as follows. First, GRU is a method that can produce more accurate results (0.54–2.27 MAPE and 7.62–112.48 RMSE) with higher probability (85% for MAPE and 75% for RMSE) when constructing container throughput forecasting models. Secondly, NM can be used for rapid and simple container throughput estimation when computing equipment and services are not available. Thirdly, the average accuracy of machine learning forecasting methods is higher than that of traditional methods, but the accuracy of individual machine learning forecasting methods may not be higher than that of the best conventional traditional methods.
Is GBT 1355+5439 a dark galaxy?

We present H i imaging of GBT 1355+5439 performed with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope. This is a dark H i object recently discovered close to the nearby galaxy M101. We find GBT 1355+5439 to be an H i cloud 5 × 3 arcmin in size. The total H i image and the kinematics show that the cloud consists of condensations that have small (~10 km s-1) motions with respect to each other. The column densities of the H i are low; the observed peak value is 7.1 × 1019 cm-2. The velocity field shows a mild velocity gradient over the body of GBT 1355+5439, possibly due to rotation, but it may also indicate large-scale radial motions. Although our data are limited in sensitivity, at all positions the H i velocity dispersion is higher than 5 km s-1 and no narrow, cold, H i component is seen. Because its distance is not known, we considered various possibilities for the nature of GBT 1355+5439. Both the scenarios that it is a tidal remnant near M101 and that it is a dark dwarf companion of M101 meet difficulties. Neither do the data fit the properties of known compact high-velocity clouds in the Galactic halo exactly, but we cannot entirely exclude this option and deeper observations are required. We also considered the possibility that GBT 1355+5439 is a gas-rich dark minihalo in the outer regions of the Local Group. Interestingly, it would then have similar properties as the clouds of a proposed Local Group population recently found in the ALFALFA survey. In this case, the H i mass of GBT 1355+5439 would be about a few times 105M⊙, its size about 1 kpc, and the dynamical mass Mdyn > 5 × 107M⊙. However, if GBT 1355+5439 is a dark Local Group object, the internal kinematics of the H i appears to be different from that of gas-dominated, almost dark galaxies of similar size.
On Features and Nongaussianity from Inflationary Particle Production

Interactions between the inflaton and any additional fields can lead to isolated bursts of particle production during inflation (for example from parametric resonance or a phase transition). Inflationary particle production leaves localized features in the spectrum and bispectrum of the observable cosmological fluctuations, via the Infra-Red (IR) cascading mechanism. We focus on a simple prototype interaction ${g}^{2}(\ensuremath{\phi}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\phi}}_{0}{)}^{2}{\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ between the inflaton, $\ensuremath{\phi}$, and isoinflaton, $\ensuremath{\chi}$; extending previous work on this model in two directions. First, we quantify the magnitude of the produced non-Gaussianity by extracting the moments of the probability distribution function from lattice field theory simulations. We argue that the bispectrum feature from particle production might be observable for reasonable values of the coupling, ${g}^{2}$. Second, we develop a detailed analytical theory of particle production and IR cascading during inflation, which is in excellent agreement with numerical simulations. Our formalism improves significantly on previous approaches by consistently incorporating both the expansion of the universe and also metric perturbations. We use this new formalism to estimate the shape of the bispectrum from particle production, showing this to be distinguishable from other mechanisms that predict large non-Gaussianity.
First Forcer results on deep-inelastic scattering and related quantities

We present results on the fourth-order splitting functions and coefficient functions obtained using Forcer, a four-loop generalization of the Mincer program for the parametric reduction of self-energy integrals. We have computed the respective lowest three even-N and odd-N moments for the non-singlet splitting functions and the non-singlet coefficient functions in electromagnetic and nu+nu(bar) charged-current deep-inelastic scattering, and the N=2 and N=4 results for the corresponding flavour-singlet quantities. Enough moments have been obtained for an LLL-based determination of the analytic N-dependence of the nf^3 and nf^2 parts, respectively, of the singlet and non-singlet splitting functions. The large-N limit of the latter provides the complete nf^2 contributions to the four-loop cusp anomalous dimension. Our results also provide additional evidence of a non-vanishing contribution of quartic group invariants to the cusp anomalous dimension.
Social media behavior is associated with vaccine hesitancy

Abstract Understanding how vaccine hesitancy relates to online behavior is crucial for addressing current and future disease outbreaks. We combined survey data measuring attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine with Twitter data in two studies (N1 = 464 Twitter users, N2 = 1,600 Twitter users) with preregistered hypotheses to examine how real-world social media behavior is associated with vaccine hesitancy in the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). In Study 1, we found that following the accounts of US Republican politicians or hyper-partisan/low-quality news sites were associated with lower confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine—even when controlling for key demographics such as self-reported political ideology and education. US right-wing influencers (e.g. Candace Owens, Tucker Carlson) had followers with the lowest confidence in the vaccine. Network analysis revealed that participants who were low and high in vaccine confidence separated into two distinct communities (or “echo chambers”), and centrality in the more right-wing community was associated with vaccine hesitancy in the US, but not in the UK. In Study 2, we found that one's likelihood of not getting the vaccine was associated with retweeting and favoriting low-quality news websites on Twitter. Altogether, we show that vaccine hesitancy is associated with following, sharing, and interacting with low-quality information online, as well as centrality within a conservative-leaning online community in the US. These results illustrate the potential challenges of encouraging vaccine uptake in a polarized social media environment.
SPITZER OBSERVATIONS OF BOW SHOCKS AND OUTFLOWS IN RCW 38

We report Spitzer observations of five newly identified bow shocks in the massive star-forming region RCW 38. Four are visible at Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) wavelengths, the fifth is only visible at 24 μm. Chandra X-ray emission indicates that winds from the central O5.5 binary, IRS 2, have caused an outflow to the northeast and southwest of the central subcluster. The southern lobe of hot ionized gas is detected in X-rays; shocked gas and heated dust from the shock front are detected with Spitzer at 4.5 and 24 μm. The northern outflow may have initiated the present generation of star formation, based on the filamentary distribution of the protostars in the central subcluster. Further, the bow-shock driving star, YSO 129, is photo-evaporating a pillar of gas and dust. No point sources are identified within this pillar at near- to mid-IR wavelengths. We also report on IRAC 3.6 and 5.8 μm observations of the cluster DBS2003-124, northeast of RCW 38, where 33 candidate young stellar objects (YSOs) are identified. One star associated with the cluster drives a parsec-scale jet. Two Herbig–Haro objects associated with the jet are visible at IRAC and Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) wavelengths. The jet extends over a distance of ∼3 pc. Assuming a velocity of 100 km s−1 for the jet material gives an age of 3 × 104 yr, indicating that the star (and cluster) are likely to be very young, with a similar or possibly younger age than RCW 38, and that star formation is ongoing in the extended RCW 38 region.