Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Maternal High Stocking Density during the Dry Period on Dairy Calf Health, Behaviour, and Welfare

Simple Summary Negative impacts of stressful maternal experience during pregnancy on offspring health and behaviour have been reported in various mammalian species including humans, laboratory animals, and farm animals. This study investigated the effect of limited space allowance for dairy cows during late gestation on the growth and behaviour of their offspring during the pre-weaning period. Our results indicated associations between maternal high stocking density and a higher frequency of social behaviours and increased behavioural reactivity to weaning in offspring. Maternal high stocking density also reduced behavioural reactions of healthy offspring to a painful procedure. However, there was no association between maternal high stocking density and offspring growth or behaviour in the first week of life. To our knowledge, this study is the first to attempt to demonstrate associations between maternal stocking density during late pregnancy and offspring behaviour in dairy cattle. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of maternal stocking density during late pregnancy (approximately 60 ± 4 days before calving) on offspring performance during the pre-weaning period. Forty-five dairy calves were born to cows that went through either industry minimum standards (H: n = 24, high stocking density) or more extensive space allowances (L: n = 21, low stocking density) during the dry period. Body weight and average daily gain during the pre-weaning period (day 1–49) were measured. Observations were made of: (i) activity levels (day 2–6); ii) the level of training required to use an automatic feeder, and behavioural reactions to the group environment (d7); (iii) feeding and social behaviour in the group pen (day 7–21); and (iv) responses to weaning (day 40–49) and disbudding (day 28+). Compared to L calves, H calves made more frequent social contacts with pen mates in the group pen (p = 0.003) and decreased their lying time around weaning (p = 0.045). Among the healthy calves, L calves displayed more severe behavioural reactions to the disbudding procedure (p < 0.001), a significant increase in salivary cortisol concentrations (p = 0.013), and more frequent pain-related behaviour (p = 0.036). This study indicated associations between maternal stocking density during late pregnancy and some welfare-relevant offspring outcomes during the pre-weaning period; these effects were found to be modulated by offspring health status.
Selective Fascicular Involvement of the Median Nerve Trunk Causing Pseudo-Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome: Ultrasound and MR Imaging Features

Fascicular involvement of the median nerve trunk in the upper arm is uncommon in cases of peripheral neuropathy, and its symptoms are consistent with those of anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) syndrome. We report three cases of focal anterior interosseous fascicular involvement in the median nerve trunk presenting as AIN palsy. Our report emphasizes the unique ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of swelling, hourglass-like constriction and torsion, and entwinement of the nerve fascicle of the dorsal region of the median nerve, which were confirmed surgically. On MRI, all patients showed denervation changes in the AIN territory, as well as in the median nerve territory, without compressing structures.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourist Satisfaction with B&B in Zhejiang, China: An Importance–Performance Analysis

After the outbreak of COVID-19 (especially in the stage of tourism recovery), the bed and breakfast (B&B) tourism industry faced big challenges in improving its health strategies. B&Bs are very important for the tourism industry in China and many other countries. However, few studies have studied the impact of B&Bs, under COVID-19, on tourism in China. Our paper is among one of the first studies to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on tourist satisfaction with B&Bs in China. The work/travel restrictions started from 20 January 2020, and work/after travel resumed from 20 February 2020 in Zhejiang, China. Data were collected from 588 tourists (who experienced B&Bs in Zhejiang, China) from a WeChat online survey, from 1 March to 15 March 2020. The current study attempted to fill the gap by studying the changing tourist satisfaction levels with B&Bs before/after COVID-19. Moreover, some suggestions are given to the B&B industry for tourism resumption after COVID-19 by an importance–performance analysis (IPA).
Caregiver Burden and Compassion Fatigue Among Arab Family Caregivers of Older Relatives

Objectives: To examine the associations and the mechanisms between caregiver burden and compassion fatigue among family caregivers. Method: A cross-sectional study comprising 300 family caregivers of older relatives in Arab communities in Israel was conducted. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews in Arabic using structured questionnaires to identify factors associated with compassion fatigue (using a secondary traumatization stress scale). Bootstrapping with resampling strategies tested the multiple mediator model. Main findings: The results show a significant total effect of caregiver burden on compassion fatigue (b = 3.79, t(300) = 3.47, p < . 001; R2 =. 50). This association was found to be partially mediated by family support (B = .81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23, 1.85) and disengagement coping (B = .97, 95% CI = 0.19, 2.14), but was not mediated by engagement coping strategies. Conclusion: Compassion fatigue is prevalent among family caregivers and requires more attention from professionals and policymakers.
Influence of a skilled model on the behavior of conspecific observers in tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)

We analyze how the presence of a skilled juvenile capuchin monkey interacting with a mechanical puzzle requiring sequential actions affected the behavior of group‐mates towards the puzzle. Using this study as an example, we suggest a methodological approach to the evaluation of social enhancement of activity and imitation. We suggest that this design could be useful in determining if social and demographic factors influence the occurrence of these phenomena. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of Sirt3-autophagy and resveratrol activation on myocardial hypertrophy and energy metabolism

The aim of the present study was to examine the role of sirtuin 3 (Sirt3)-autophagy in regulating myocardial energy metabolism and inhibiting myocardial hypertrophy in angiotensin (Ang) II-induced myocardial cell hypertrophy. The primary cultured myocardial cells of neonatal Sprague Dawley rats were used to construct a myocardial hypertrophy model induced with Ang II. Following the activation of Sirt3 by resveratrol (Res), Sirt3 was silenced using small interfering (si)RNA-Sirt3, and the morphology of the myocardial cells was observed under an optical microscope. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA expression of the following myocardial hypertrophy markers; atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), Sirt3, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) and pyruvate kinase (PK). Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression of Sirt3, light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin1. Ang II may inhibit the protein expression of Sirt3, LC3 and Beclin1. Res, an agonist of Sirt3, may promote the protein expression of Sirt3, LC3 and Beclin1. Res inhibited the mRNA expression of ANP and BNP, and reversed the Ang II-induced myocardial cell hypertrophy. The addition of siRNA-Sirt3 decreased the protein expression of Sirt3, LC3 and Beclin1, increased the mRNA expression of ANP and BNP, and weakened the inhibitory effect of Res on myocardial cell hypertrophy. Res promoted the mRNA expression of MCAD, inhibited the mRNA expression of PK, and reversed the influence of Ang II on myocardial energy metabolism. siRNA-Sirt3 intervention significantly decreased the effect of Res in eliminating abnormal myocardial energy metabolism. In conclusion, Sirt3 may inhibit Ang II-induced myocardial hypertrophy and reverse the Ang II-caused abnormal myocardial energy metabolism through activation of autophagy.
A new species of lizard of the genus Eublepharis (Squamata: Eublepharidae) from India

We describe here a new species of the genus Eublepharis from the Satpura Hills in central India. The new species closely resembles E. fuscus, but can be differentiated from it by the following suite of characters: SVL 125–130 mm; dome shaped tubercles lacking keels arranged in ~20 rows on dorsum, inter-tubercular space greater than width of a tubercle; 46–48 ocular fringe scales, three pale bands between the nuchal loop and caudal constriction; medial subdigital lamellae smooth; 13–14 preanal pores, which may be interrupted medially by a single poreless scale. Description of the new species sheds light on the limited knowledge of Eublepharis in India. We provide an identification key to the species of the genus Eublepharis .
Mild microwave ablation combined with HSP90 and TGF-β1 inhibitors enhances the therapeutic effect on osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumour and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in children and adolescents. Microwave ablation has an excellent therapeutic effect on bone tumours by instantaneously increasing the temperature in the tumour; however, there is a risk of damaging the surrounding healthy tissues by exposure to a high temperature when the treatment power is too large. In the present study, two anti-tumour reagents, a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor (PF-04929113) and a transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) inhibitor (SB-525334) were employed to enhance the therapeutic effect of mild-power microwave ablation. It was revealed that microwaving to 48°C combined with HSP90 and TGF-β1 inhibitors significantly increased the apoptotic rate of VX2 cells. The same results were observed during in vivo experiments using New Zealand rabbits to model osteosarcoma. In addition, the results indicated that the expression of cytochrome c, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were upregulated in response to the treatment, which indicated that the mitochondrial apoptotic signalling pathway had been activated. These findings may provide a novel strategy for the development of microwave ablation in osteosarcoma treatment, which could effectively kill tumour cells without damaging the surrounding normal tissues.
Effect of Different Running Exercise Modalities on Post-Exercise Oxidative Stress Markers in Trained Athletes

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of running exercise modality on oxidative stress. Thirteen endurance athletes (age: 21.46 ± 0.66 years) performed three different running exercise modalities (Continuous running exercise (CR): continuous running exercise at 75% of VO2max for 25 min; intermittent running exercise #1 (15/15): intermittent running protocol, 15 s running at 75% of VO2max, 15 s passive recovery, performed for 50 min; intermittent running exercise #2 (30/30): intermittent running protocol, 30 s running at 75% of VO2max, 30 s passive recovery, performed for 50 min) in a randomized order. Blood samples were drawn at rest and immediately after each running exercise and assessed for malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities. MDA increased by 55% following 30/30 exercise (p < 0.01), while it remained unchanged with CR and15/15 exercise. SOD increased after CR (+13.9%, p < 0.05), and also remained unchanged after 15/15 (p > 0.05) and decreased after 30/30 (−19.7% p < 0.05). GPX and AOPP did not change after exercise in all experimental sessions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, 30/30 intermittent running induced higher lipid damages than the 15/15 and CR exercise. 15/15 intermittent exercise promoted a better balance between free radicals production and antioxidant defense compared to continuous exercise and intermittent 30/30 exercise.
miR-29b promotes the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue via the PTEN/AKT/β-catenin signaling pathway

Accumulating evidence has documented that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) function as important post-transcriptional regulators of the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs); however, their roles in hADSC osteogenic differentiation require further investigation. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miRNAs in the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Using an miRNA microarray, it was found that 24 miRNAs were upregulated and 14 miRNAs were downregulated compared with the undifferentiated cells, and miR-29b-3p (miR-29b) was selected for further experiments. Functional experiments revealed that the upregulation of miR-29b by agomir-29b significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the mineralization of extracellular matrix (ECM), and led to an increase in the mRNA and protein levels of osteogenic marker genes, including runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP), whereas the knockdown of miR-29b suppressed these processes. In addition, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a negative regulator of the AKT/β-catenin pathway, was identified as a direct target of miR-29b in the hADSCs. Moreover, it was observed that the overexpression of miR-29b activated the AKT/β-catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting PTEN expression in the hADSCs. Most importantly, it was also found that the overexpression of PTEN reversed the promoting effects of miR-29b on osteogenic differentiation. On the whole, these findings suggest that miR-29b promotes the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs by modulating the PTEN/AKT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Thus, this miRNA may be a promising target for the active modulation of hADSC-derived osteogenesis.
Kidney Organoids and Tubuloids

In the past five years, pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived kidney organoids and adult stem or progenitor cell (ASC)-based kidney tubuloids have emerged as advanced in vitro models of kidney development, physiology, and disease. PSC-derived organoids mimic nephrogenesis. After differentiation towards the kidney precursor tissues ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme, their reciprocal interaction causes self-organization and patterning in vitro to generate nephron structures that resemble the fetal kidney. ASC tubuloids on the other hand recapitulate renewal and repair in the adult kidney tubule and give rise to long-term expandable and genetically stable cultures that consist of adult proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct epithelium. Both organoid types hold great potential for: (1) studies of kidney physiology, (2) disease modeling, (3) high-throughput screening for drug efficacy and toxicity, and (4) regenerative medicine. Currently, organoids and tubuloids are successfully used to model hereditary, infectious, toxic, metabolic, and malignant kidney diseases and to screen for effective therapies. Furthermore, a tumor tubuloid biobank was established, which allows studies of pathogenic mutations and novel drug targets in a large group of patients. In this review, we discuss the nature of kidney organoids and tubuloids and their current and future applications in science and medicine.
A quantitative evaluation of evolutionary patterns in opercle bone shape in Saurichthys (Actinopterygii: Saurichthyidae)

Despite an impressive radiation of more than 30 species in the wake of the end‐Permian mass extinction, the taxonomic study of Saurichthys has suffered from a lack of universally diagnostic features and a lack of tested quantitative schemes that can be applied to analyse interspecific morphological differences. In this study, we provide an initial quantitative framework for morphological evolution in Saurichthys by focusing on a single bone, the opercle and exploring patterns of interspecific variability in shape using outline‐based geometric morphometrics and linear measurements. For the six species examined, comprising 155 specimens and representatives from the Early, Middle and Late Triassic, our results indicate that interspecific shape differences largely reflect an anterior–posterior dimension decrease (= craniocaudal direction) as the dorso‐ventral dimension remains similar. In contrast, intraspecific variability in shape is subtle and spread across the outline of the bone, such that counter‐acting dimension differences (increase/decrease) were found to occur along a single margin at oblique axes in several species. Our quantitative scheme, which is widely applicable to other groups, provides a useful description of the broad modes of opercle shape change that may help as a starting framework from which to develop character states for opercle morphology in future study.
SOME RECENT RESEARCH AND ITS LINK WITH A NEW THEORY OF GROUPINGS AND CONSERVATIONS BASED ON COMMUTABILITY *

I would like first t o express my regret a t not having been able t o attend this session of the New York Academy of Sciences devoted t o psychological systems, but I am very happy that Barbel Inhelder was able t o take my place, especially as she is not coauthor but the sole author of another paper in this volume. Perhaps I may be permitted t o add a few words concerning our current research before presenting a new theory of grouping and conservation. At the International Center for Genetic Epistemology we are a t present dealing with what we call the opening up of new possibilities, that is t o say, the way in which an action, an operation, or a structure acquired by the child generates new possibilities. To give an example of our experiments, we place the child in the following types of situations. We give him, for instance, a piece of cardboard and three blocks, and he is asked to arrange these blocks in all possible ways without specification whether in regular, irregular, o r random fashion. In another type of experiment we give the child a square sheet of paper and ask him t o cut it up in all possible ways. Will the child produce only diagonals or medians or will he find other ways? Or again, we show the child a half-hidden object and ask him to guess its complete shape or t o suggest what possible ways he can think of to complete the visible portion. There are, of course, many variations, and among young children from four to six years of age we find little variation. They find five t o ten possibilities, then claim that nothing more can be done. Between seven and eleven we find a progressive increase of new possibilities and around eleven t o twelve years of age the child, after two o r three tries, immediately tells us that the number of possibilities is infinite and gives us justifications as t o why. There is thus an increase with age of the number of possibilities perceived. Our fundamental thesis is that possibilities are not predetermined. It is in effect a Contradiction in terms t o talk of a totality of all possibilities. The concept of a totality of all possibilities is antinomic, because the whole is itself one possibility among others, and because every possibility generates new ones. There is something here which transcends all preformation. There is an authentic creativity which plays a fundamental role in m y conception of equilibration: the “possible” is the moment of reequilibration between one form of equilibrium and the next. Another avenue of research pursued a t the Center for Epistemology, the result of which are still to be published, concerns what in mathematics are called correspondences o r morphisms. Correspondences and morphisms had not been studied until recently. Previously, we had placed a great emphasis on
Klotho alleviates indoxyl sulfate-induced heart failure and kidney damage by promoting M2 macrophage polarization

Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a protein-bound uremic toxin that can accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute kidney injury (AKI) and cause kidney and cardiac dysfunction. Klotho is an anti-aging protein that has reno- and cardio-protective effects. We investigated whether Klotho could alleviate IS-induced heart failure and kidney damage by regulating macrophages, which play a key role in the inflammatory response in CKD and AKI. Treatment of THP-1-derived macrophages with IS induced the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β, and stimulated M1 polarization. Additionally, IS induced downregulation of Klotho expression in macrophages. Overexpression of Klotho suppressed the IS-induced inflammatory response in macrophages by stimulating M2 polarization. It also alleviated IS-induced cardiac hypertrophy and renal fibrosis in mice. A reduction in IS-induced phosphorylation of NF-kB p65 was observed in response to Klotho overexpression, suggesting that Klotho alleviates kidney and cardiac injury by inactivating NF-kB signaling and promoting macrophage M2 polarization.
The Quality of Life of Seniors Hospitalized Due to Cardiovascular Diseases in Poland

Introduction: In the light of the increased ageing of the world population, social policy needs to be focused on actions aimed at improving the quality of life of older people. Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the quality of life in a population of seniors hospitalized due to cardiovascular disease. Materials and methods: The study included 408 elderly patients hospitalized for cardiovascular diseases in the Poddębickie Centrum Zdrowia Hospital in Poddębice, Łódzkie voivodship, Poland. The study used two survey questionnaires: the author’s survey questionnaire and the standardized SF36v2 Questionnaire. Statistical analysis of the obtained test results was carried out in the R program, version 3.5. 1. Results: Having analyzed the health status of the study group, it was found that the largest group of subjects (84.07%) were treated due to hypertension. Among the ailments that hindered daily functioning, the respondents indicated primarily poor eyesight (53.68%). Patients assessed their own health as ‘mediocre’ (average) (58.58%). The analysis of the study results from the SF36v2 Questionnaire showed that the highest quality of life was in the limited activity due to emotional problems (RE) dimension, social functioning (SF), and physical functioning (PF); the weakest scores were observed in vitality (VT), general health perception (GH), and health transition (HT) dimensions. Conclusions: The significant demographic, social and socio-medical factors that determined respondents’ quality of life were: age, gender, marital status, education and health situation. The analysis of quality of life according to the SF36v2 Questionnaire showed that the study group functioned better in the mental dimension (MCS—mental component summary, overall mental health) than in the physical one (PCS—physical component summary, total physical health).