Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Egyptian Society of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis Egyptian Journal of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis

TB; Anti-TNF therapy; Latent TB; Rheumatoid arthritis; Chemoprophylaxis Abstract Introduction: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased susceptibility to infection. The risk of acquiring infection including tuberculosis (TB) in RA may be increased in patients receiving any immuno-suppressive medication including anti-TNF therapy, which is used successfully for treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this work was to assess the risk of TB in RA patients on anti-TNF therapy compared to conventional disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs when screening for latent TB and TB chemoprophylaxis was applied. Patients and methods: This study conducted on (235) RA patients indicated for either conventional therapy or anti-TNF therapy from 1-1-2010 to 1-10-2013. Assessment was done before RA treatment and included medical history, clinical examination, plain chest X-ray, HRCT chest QuantiFERON -TB Gold in-tube (QFT-GIT) test and microbiologic investigations for tuberculosis when indicated. All patients with positive QFT-GIT received chemoprophylactic treatment for TB. Results: The studied rheumatoid arthritic patients were divided into two groups; group (A) included (105) RA patients on conventional disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) with mean age (51 ± 12) and group (B) included (130) RA patients on anti-TNF therapy with mean age (48 ± 13). This study showed no significant increase of tuberculosis among patients on anti-TNF therapy (group B) compared to patients on (DMARDs) (group A). Chemo-prophylaxis in patients on anti-TNF therapy leads to prevention of reactivation of latent TB. Conclusion: There was no significant increased risk for tuberculosis among RA patients receiving anti-TNF therapy when screening and chemoprophylaxis was applied, so screening of RA patients before anti-TNF therapy for latent tuberculosis and TB chemoprophylaxis should be done. a 2014 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Egyptian Society of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis.
Photocatalyst Based on Nanostructured TiO2 with Improved Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Properties

This study shows an easy way to use electrochemistry and plasma layering to make Cobalt-Blue-TiO2 nanotubes that are better at catalysing reactions. Once a titanium plate has been anodized, certain steps are taken to make oxygen vacancies appear inside the TiO2 nanostructures. To find out how the Co deposition method changed the final catalyst’s properties, it was put through electrochemical tests (to find the charge transfer resistance and flat band potential) and optical tests (to find the band gap and Urbach energy). The catalysts were also described in terms of their shape, ability to stick to surfaces, and ability to inhibit bacteria. When Cobalt was electrochemically deposited to Blue-TiO2 nanotubes, a film with star-shaped structures was made that was hydrophilic and antibacterial. The band gap energy went down from 3.04 eV to 2.88 eV and the Urbach energy went up from 1.171 eV to 3.836 eV using this electrochemical deposition method. Also, photodegradation tests with artificial doxycycline (DOX) water were carried out to see how useful the study results would be in real life. These extra experiments were meant to show how the research results could be used in real life and what benefits they might have. For the bacterial tests, both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were used, and BT/Co-E showed the best response. Additionally, photodegradation and photoelectrodegradation experiments using artificial doxycycline (DOX) water were conducted to determine the practical relevance of the research findings. The synergistic combination of light and applied potential leads to 70% DOX degradation after 60 min of BT/Co-E irradiation.
23. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION OF PERUVIAN COASTAL UPWELLING DURING THE LATEST QUATERNARY 1

Two shelf and upper-slope sites (681 and 686) near present cores of active coastal upwelling on the Peruvian margin were sampled continuously at 7.5 cm intervals down to approximately 25 meters below the seafloor (mbsf). Sedimentary structures were subdivided into homogeneous/bioturbated, laminated, and laminated-varved intervals. Diatom analysis and statistical treatment of data revealed almost persistent upwelling over the last 400,000 yr, with slightly increased upwelling during oxygen-isotope Stages 3, 5, 7, and 8 that resulted in anoxic bottom-water conditions and deposition of laminated/undisturbed primary sedimentary structures.
Temporalities in Stone Provisioning in the Middle Paleolithic Stone Artifact Record of the Cave of Pech De L’azé IV in Southwest France; Insights into the Variability in Neandertal Landscape Use

Interpretation of variability in the Middle Paleolithic stone artifact record continues to be one of the major research questions in the Pleistocene archaeology of Europe. Current interpretations of this variability are shifting from culture-historical explanations towards ones related with Neandertal use of the landscape in economic sense: strategies of mobility and resource procurement. These interpretations nonetheless reduce this behavior to one meaning behind a particular set of techno-typological traits in the stone artifact record. Contributing to this problem is the conventional concept of this record as comprised of archaeological assemblages defined on the basis of natural interfaces and perceived as emic entities that contain functionally associated artifacts of time-averaged behavioral events. This dissertation investigates temporalities of processes related to stone provisioning by Neandertals during their use of the cave of Pech de l’Azé IV in south-west France to contribute to understanding the variability in their landscape use from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 until MIS 3 in this region. This stone artifact sequence is sampled by the same number of stone artifacts, following the general history of their accumulation. The analysis examines behavioral processes of stone movement, blank production, tool selection, and tool management, and the dynamics among these processes is used to infer the degree of variability in the use of this place and the degree of variability in the use of stone as components of variability in landscape use. The results show certain patterns in the association between different degrees of variability in landscape use and the three isotope stages and the record of particular techno-typological attributes. During MIS 5, the degree of variability in landscape use fluctuated more than during post-MIS 5 times, when the variability in this behavior was constantly higher. Low variability in landscape use left the record with higher incidences of Levallois elements, while moderate or high variability in this behavior produced the record that is technologically less uniform. Also, until MIS 3, there was a cyclical pattern in the degree of variability in landscape use. Finally, this dissertation argues for the abandonment of the concept of assemblage in stone artifact archaeology. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Anthropology First Advisor Harold L. Dibble
Optimum sowing dates and varieties for seed productivity of pole Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under north western Himalayas

Optimum sowing time and a promising variety are of prime importance to harness potential yield of any crop. Pole frenchbean is cultivated as a potential off-season crop in north-western hilly areas where information on these important agronomic aspects is lacking. Keeping this in view, a field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years during June to September 2007 and 2008 by following split plot design with three replications. The 12 treatment combinations comprised of four dates of sowing at weekly interval starting from 1 st June in main plot and three varieties namely Luxmi, SVM-1 and Kentucky Wonder in sub-plots. The early sowing on 1 st June significantly resulted in higher seed yield with 23, 77 and 85% more increase over 8 th June, 15 th June and 22 nd June, respectively in pooled years. Among the varieties, ‘SVM-1’ significantly out performed ‘Luxmi’ and ‘Kentucky Wonder’ for seed yield with a respective increase of 63 and 44% in pooled years and also performed better for pods/plant and straw yield. Interaction effects of sowing dates and varieties on the performance revealed that the seed yield of all the varieties, in general, decreased with each delay in sowing with more drastic reduction after 15 th June. The cultivar ‘SVM-1’ performed significantly better on all four dates of sowings over ‘Luxmi’ and ‘Kentucky Wonder’ for number of pods/plant, seed yield and straw yield over the years. Hence, it can be concluded that early sowing on 1 st June and the cultivar ‘SVM-1’ was the most ideal combination to obtain higher seed yield of pole frenchbean under sub-humid temperate environment.
Understanding Angler and Hunter Annual Spending in North Carolina

Given the economic importance of fishing and hunting and the pervasive declines in these activities, it is essential that natural resource plan- ners and managers understand factors influencing angler and hunter spending. We conducted a mail survey of a random sample (n = 844) of North Carolina fishing and hunting license holders. On average, anglers spent US$964 and hunters spent $1,437 annually. The model that best explained an- nual angler expenditures included gender, age, number of days spent fishing annually, total value of their equipment, income, whether someone in their household had lost a job due to the economy, and importance of fishing to the respondent. The model that best explained annual hunter expenditures included number of days spent hunting annually, total value of their equipment, income, whether someone in their household had lost a job due to the economy, importance of hunting to the respondent, and whether they felt the current state of the economy would impact their hunting practices. All else equal, female anglers spent more than male anglers and the number of days anglers and hunters spent participating in their respective activity annually was negatively related to the amount they spent. Participants in activities with short seasons spent more than the average (e.g., 43% more for striped bass anglers, 170% more for bear hunters). Our results suggest job loss among both anglers and hunters led to increased spending. Fishing and hunting may represent a stabilizing force for local economies during economic recessions. Future research should explore why anglers and hunters who spend less time in the field spend more money than sportspersons who spend more time in the field and explore the relationships between economic downturns and fishing and hunting participation.
Geographic Indications: Heritage or Terroir?

This paper considers geographic indications (GIs) from both the European terroir perspective and the New World heritage perspective. Consumer protection rationales are critically assessed. Arguments about privileges for producers, often couched in terms of rural development and sustainability, raise competition concerns. These are drawn out using material from case law and GI registrations for foodstuffs in the European Union. This identifies the concentrated usage of GIs and the principal competition issues: defining boundaries and generic names and the strength of the granted privileges. The key sticking point in global GI negotiations is "strong-form" GIs which extend producer privileges substantially beyond those provided by trademarks. Options for tackling this major area of disagreement are identified, drawing on the analysis of competition concerns and alternative approaches used in Australia. This greater clarity might reduce the extent of the conflict between Old and New Worlds over legal privileges for geographical indications.
Optical dating of Holocene dune sands from the Hulun Buir Desert, northeastern China

Aeolian deposits from the Hulun Buir Desert of northeastern China are studied with optically stimulated luminescence dating methods to establish the chronology of dune building phases and climatic changes since the last deglaciation. Our results indicate that wet climate, marked by dune stabilization and soil development in the Hulun Buir Desert, commenced at-11 ka ago, and this early episode of dune stabilization lasted until 4.4 ka ago. This optimum climate between -11 and -4.4 ka ago is mostly the response to the strengthened monsoon circulation and increased precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere. The environment generally became arid after - 4.4 ka ago, but the dry climate was interrupted by three phases of weak soil development occurring at - 1.8-1.4, - 1.2-1.0 and - 0.84-0.5 ka ago, respectively. Such short events of dune stabilization were associated with the warm and humid climate in historical time. However, the present dune mobilization in the Hulun Buir Desert is mainly the result of poor land-use practices (land cultivation and overgrazing) since about 300 years ago.
Re–Os Isotopes in the Horoman Peridotite: Evidence for Refertilization?

1992, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2000; Takazawa, 1996). The the peridotites are increasingly depleted in a basalticmain objectives of this Re–Os study are to determine component. The boundary between the compositionalthe origin of the plagioclase lherzolites (do they represent layers is sharp on a megascopic scale, but transitionalunmelted fertile peridotite or a region of melt im- over a few centimeters on a microscopic scale (Takazawapregnation and accumulation? ), to evaluate the role of
Approximating hidden Gaussian Markov random fields

Summary. Gaussian Markov random‐field (GMRF) models are frequently used in a wide variety of applications. In most cases parts of the GMRF are observed through mutually independent data; hence the full conditional of the GMRF, a hidden GMRF (HGMRF), is of interest. We are concerned with the case where the likelihood is non‐Gaussian, leading to non‐Gaussian HGMRF models. Several researchers have constructed block sampling Markov chain Monte Carlo schemes based on approximations of the HGMRF by a GMRF, using a second‐order expansion of the log‐density at or near the mode. This is possible as the GMRF approximation can be sampled exactly with a known normalizing constant. The Markov property of the GMRF approximation yields computational efficiency.The main contribution in the paper is to go beyond the GMRF approximation and to construct a class of non‐Gaussian approximations which adapt automatically to the particular HGMRF that is under study. The accuracy can be tuned by intuitive parameters to nearly any precision. These non‐Gaussian approximations share the same computational complexity as those which are based on GMRFs and can be sampled exactly with computable normalizing constants. We apply our approximations in spatial disease mapping and model‐based geostatistical models with different likelihoods, obtain procedures for block updating and construct Metropolized independence samplers.
Variety selection based on net return per hectare in durum wheat (Triticum durum L.)

This study aimed to assess a variety selection and preference criteria based on net return ha-1 in durum wheat (Triticum durum L). Regional yield trials with 25 entries were planted in Diyarbakir, Hazro and Ceylanpinar locations in southeast Anatolia in 2004/05 and in Diyarbakir and Hazro in 2005/2006 growing season. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was employed. Grain samples from each location were subjected to some quality analyses and then presented to randomly selected grain purchasers within the local commodity market for market price estimations. The results revealed that entries 13, 7, 3, 16 and 24 were found to be top 5 highest yielding. Regression analysis showed that the entry 13 and 24 were stable for grain yield. It was found that the most of high yielding entries were also high income generating in both years. Entries 13, 24, 16, 7 and 2 were always found to be first 5 highest incomes generating in both years. Except for 1000 kernel weights in first year, none of other quality parameters was found to be correlating market prices. There were 6.08 and 25 US$/tonne market price difference between entries with highest and lowest market prices in both years respectively. It was concluded that Aanliurfa commodity market does not offer adequate premiums for the quality characteristics of durum wheat under study. This may result in farmer preference for high yielding with relatively low quality varieties. Breeders and farmers must also give priority to develop selectcultivars with high net return (US$/ ha) rather than high yielding or high quality (=high marketing prices) only. Key words: Durum wheat, variety preference, net returns, quality, yield.
A simulation of the Kuroko type mineralization in Japan

On the basis of a model chloride-complex solution with the same metallic abundances as the present-day oceanic water, the physicochemical factors controlling the ore-zoning observed in the Kuroko type mineralization in Japan have been examined. The result reveals that the ore-zoning can be explained by the oxidation and/or neutralization processes of the model ore-forming solution. This is in complete harmony with the interpretation expressed in the recent sulfur isotope studies of this type of mineralization. The hypothesis that the Kuroko ore-forming solution might have been derived essentially from the coeval seawater (KAJIWARA, 1973) appears to be acceptable. Extending the hypothesis, it is suggested that many of the hydrothermal systems in the earth's crust probably represent the circulating coeval seawaters. With this view, the natural hydrothermal mineralizations may be divided into two types, (A) mineralizations due to the reduction processes of the incorporated seawater and (B) those due to the oxidation processes of the once reduced circulating seawater. The deposits formed in shallow environments such as Kuroko and those formed in relatively deep environments such as contact metasomatic deposits may represent the oxidation- and the reduction-type mineralizations, respectively. It is also probable that the generation of silicate magmas in the orogenic belts is closely related to the availability of such circulating seawater in the earth's crust and possibly in the upper mantle.
UHT metamorphism on Seram, eastern Indonesia: reaction microstructures and P–T evolution of spinel‐bearing garnet–sillimanite granulites from the Kobipoto Complex

The island of Seram, part of the northern limb of the Banda Arc in eastern Indonesia, exposes an extensive Mio‐Pliocene granulite facies migmatite complex (the Kobipoto Complex) comprising voluminous leucosome‐rich diatexites and scarcer Al–Fe‐rich residual granulites. The migmatites are intimately associated with ultramafic rocks of predominantly lherzolitic composition that were exhumed by substantial lithospheric extension beneath low‐angle detachment faults; heat supplied by the lherzolites was evidently a major driver for the granulite facies metamorphism and accompanying anatexis. Residual garnet–sillimanite granulites sampled from the Kobipoto Mountains, central Seram, contain scarce garnet‐hosted inclusions of hercynite spinel (~1.5 wt% ZnO) + quartz (± ilmenite) in direct grain‐boundary contact – an assemblage potentially indicative of metamorphism under ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) conditions. thermocalc ‘Average P–T’ reactions and melanosome‐specific thermocalc T−MH2O , T–MO, and P–T pseudosections in the Na2O–CaO–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–Fe2O3 (NCKFMASHTO) chemical system, supported by Ti‐in‐garnet thermobarometry, are permissive of the rock having experienced a clockwise P–T path peaking at 925 °C and 9 kbar – thus narrowly reaching UHT conditions – before undergoing near‐isothermal decompression to ~750 °C and ~4 kbar. Spinel + quartz assemblages are interpreted to have formed at or just after the metamorphic peak from localized reactions between sillimanite, ilmenite and surrounding garnet. Further decompression of the rock resulted in the formation of complex reaction microstructures comprising cordierite ± plagioclase coronae around garnet, and symplectic intergrowths of cordierite + spinel + ilmenite around sillimanite. Small grains of sapphirine + corundum developed subsequently within spinel by localized quartz‐absent reactions. The post‐peak evolution of the granulites may be related to previously published U–Pb zircon and 40Ar/39Ar ages of c. 16 Ma, further substantiating the claim for the Kobipoto Complex granulites having recorded Earth's youngest‐identified episode of UHT metamorphism, albeit at slightly lower temperature and higher pressure than previously inferred. The Kobipoto Complex granulites demonstrate how UHT conditions may be achieved in the ‘modern’ Earth by extreme lithospheric extension, which, in this instance, was driven by slab rollback of the Banda Arc.
Magnetic properties and Mossbauer spectra of urban atmospheric particulate matter: a case study from Munich, Germany

Summary Due to the high concentrations of iron in anthropogenically-derived atmospheric particulate matter (PM), magnetic techniques are ideal for the study of the behaviour of PM. However, to undertake these studies it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the magnetic mineralogy of PM. This study reports a detailed examination of the magnetic mineralogy of PM samples collected in Munich. Several different approaches have been utilised in the characterisation; from standard mineral magnetic techniques such as magnetic hysteresis and microscopy to non-standard techniques such as Mossbauer spectroscopy. In particular, the study has focused on the smallest magnetic grains (< 30 nm), which are mostly likely to be inhaled into the human lung. These have been characterised using low-temperature magnetic and Mossbauer measurements, in conjuncture with the standard frequency dependency of magnetic susceptibility measurements. The primary magnetic minerals were found to be maghemite and metallic iron. The mean magnetic grain size range for these two minerals was 0.1-0.7 � m. The magnetic signature was estimated to come from 60-70% maghemite and the rest from metallic iron. A significant percentage of maghemite in the grain-size range 10-16 nm was identified, and there was evidence for metallic iron in the grain-size range 5-8 nm. This latter fraction is of particular importance as transition metal particles < 10 nm in diameter are known to catalyse the production of free radicals which are known to cause many lung complaints such as asthma. It was difficult to give accurate estimates of the total magnetic content by mass due to the mixed mineralogy, however, the absolute limits for the total magnetic content was estimated to be between 0.02-1.2 %. It is suggested that the maghemite comes from automobiles and the metallic iron from the street-trams which run near the sampling site.
Observations on the Behaviour and Feeding Habits of the Springbok, Antidorcas Marsupialis

AbstractThe stance and attitudes of the springbok are found to be similar to those of other gazelles. Gaits used are a rack-like walk (passgang), a trot and a gallop; display trot, the stott and the pronk are considered to be ritualised gaits of increasing intensity. Urination and defecation and comfort behaviour are described. Social behaviour is discussed and mixed herds, bachelor herds and solitary territorial males are shown to occur. Territorial marking is performed by taking up conspicuous positions, horn sweeping and ritualised defecation-urination. Mating behaviour resembles that of other gazelles and harem herds are common although some copulation was seen in larger groups. Agonistic behaviour involves little ritual display. Females and young form temporary herds; the young lie out and thereafter associate in “kindergarten” groups. Communication is by various calls and by visual signals of which the erection of the dorsal fan is the most striking. Morning and evening peaks of activity occur.Previ.