Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 1997 CMU Sphinx-3 English Broadcast News Transcription System

This paper describes the 1997 Hub-4 Broadcast News Sphinx3 speech recognition system. This year’s system includes fullbandwidth acoustic models trained on Broadcast News and Wall Street Journal acoustic training data, an expanded vocabulary, and a 4-gram language model for N-best list rescoring. The system structure, acoustic and language models, and adaptation components are described in detail, and results are presented to establish the contributions of multiple recognition passes. Additionally, experimental results are presented for several different acoustic and language model configurations.
Experimental investigation into coal-biomass-water fuels combustion in a circulating fluidized bed

Coal upgrading processes (screening, washing etc.) generate large quantities of fine and ultra-fine coal particles usually in the form of coal-water slurries. Utilization of these waste-coals is a preferable option to their disposal and offers opportunities for adding value. Direct combustion of coal slurries can eliminate troublesome dewatering and drying processes. Combustion or co-combustion of coal slurries with other fuels (higher quality coal, biomass) in circulating fluidized-bed (CFB) boilers is the best option for their utilization. High combustion efficiencies can be achieved provided that the combustion process is properly designed to take into account the unique properties of the fuel. Because biomass is considered as a carbon-neutral fuel, co-combustion of coal slurries with biomass can lower the CO2 footprint and decrease the cost of electricity. This paper describes the results of experiments carried out in a laboratory-scale CFB combustor with coal-biomass-water fuels. It has been found that the combustion time and ignition temperature decrease with an increase in the biomass content in the fuel and the superficial gas velocity.
Keyword fusion to support efficient keyword-based search in peer-to-peer file sharing

Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing has become a popular distributed computing paradigm thanks to abundant computing power of modern desktop workstations and widely available network connectivity via the Internet. Although P2P file sharing provides a scalable alternative to conventional server-based approaches, providing efficient file search in a large scale dynamic P2P system remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a set of mechanisms to provide a scalable keyword-based file search in distributed hash table (DHT)-based P2P systems. In particular, we address the problem induced by common keywords that are associated with a large number of files and thus require excessive storage consumptions from the hosting peers. Our proposed architecture, called keyword fusion, adaptively unburdens the peers overloaded with excessive storage consumptions due to common keywords and reduces network bandwidth consumption by transforming users' queries to contain more focused search terms. Through trace-driven simulations, we show that keyword fusion can reduces the storage consumption of the top 5% most loaded nodes by 50% and decrease the search traffic by up to 68% even in the modest scenarios of combining two keywords.
An unsupervised method for the extraction of propositional information from text

Recent developments in question-answering systems have demonstrated that approaches based on propositional analysis of source text, in conjunction with formal inference systems, can produce substantive improvements in performance over surface-form approaches. [Voorhees, E. M. (2002) in Eleventh Text Retrieval Conference, eds. Voorhees, E. M. & Buckland, L. P., http://trec.nist. gov/pubs/trec11/t11_proceedings. html]. However, such systems are hampered by the need to create broad-coverage knowledge bases by hand, making them difficult to adapt to new domains and potentially fragile if critical information is omitted. To demonstrate how this problem might be addressed, the Syntagmatic Paradigmatic model, a memory-based account of sentence processing, is used to autonomously extract propositional knowledge from unannotated text. The Syntagmatic Paradigmatic model assumes that people store a large number of sentence instances. When trying to interpret a new sentence, similar sentences are retrieved from memory and aligned with the new sentence by using String Edit Theory. The set of alignments can be considered an extensional interpretation of the sentence. Extracting propositional information in this way not only permits the model to answer questions for which the relevant facts are explicitly stated in the text but also allows the model to take advantage of “inference by coincidence,” where implicit inference occurs as an emergent property of the mechanism. To illustrate the potential of this approach, the model is tested for its ability to determine the winners of tennis matches as reported on the Association of Tennis Professionals web site.
Rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing in medicine and dentistry

The fundamentals and latest developments of Rapid Prototyping (RP) and Rapid Manufacturing (RM) technologies and the application of most common biomaterials such as titanium and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) are discussed in this paper. The issues while fabricating pre-surgical models, scaffolds for cell growth and tissue engineering and concerning fabrication of medical implants and dental prostheses are addressed. Major resources related to RP/RM technology, biocompatible materials and RP/RM applications in medicine and dentistry are reviewed. A large number of papers published in leading journals are searched. Besides the titanium and titanium alloys which were established as bio-compatible materials over five decades ago, other biocompatible materials such as cobalt-chromium and PEEK have also been increasingly used in medical implants and dental prosthesis fabrication. For over a decade RP technologies such as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Selective Laser Melting (SLM) along with the Fused Depositing Modelling (FDM) are predominantly employed in the fabrication of implants, prostheses and scaffolds. Recently Electron Beam Melting (EBM) has been successfully employed for fabrication of medical implants and dental prostheses with complex features. In dentistry crown restoration, the use of thin copings of Ti6Al4V made by the EBM process is an emerging trend. This review is based upon the findings published in highly cited papers during the last two decades. However the major breakthrough in the field of RP/RM for medical implants and dental prostheses took place in the last decade. The fabrication of medical implants and prostheses and biological models have three distinct characteristics: low volume, complex shapes and they are highly customised. These characteristics make them suitable to be made by RM technologies even on a commercial scale. Finally, current status and methodology and their limitations as well as future directions are discussed.
Evaluation of the Traditional and Revised WHO Classifications of Dengue Disease Severity

Dengue is a major public health problem worldwide and continues to increase in incidence. Dengue virus (DENV) infection leads to a range of outcomes, including subclinical infection, undifferentiated febrile illness, Dengue Fever (DF), life-threatening syndromes with fluid loss and hypotensive shock, or other severe manifestations such as bleeding and organ failure. The long-standing World Health Organization (WHO) dengue classification and management scheme was recently revised, replacing DF, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) with Dengue without Warning Signs, Dengue with Warning Signs (abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, fluid accumulation, mucosal bleeding, lethargy, liver enlargement, increasing hematocrit with decreasing platelets) and Severe Dengue (SD; dengue with severe plasma leakage, severe bleeding, or organ failure). We evaluated the traditional and revised classification schemes against clinical intervention levels to determine how each captures disease severity using data from five years (2005–2010) of a hospital-based study of pediatric dengue in Managua, Nicaragua. Laboratory-confirmed dengue cases (n = 544) were categorized using both classification schemes and by level of care (I–III). Category I was out-patient care, Category II was in-patient care that did not meet criteria for Category III, which included ICU admission, ventilation, administration of inotropic drugs, or organ failure. Sensitivity and specificity to capture Category III care for DHF/DSS were 39.0% and 75.5%, respectively; sensitivity and specificity for SD were 92.1% and 78.5%, respectively. In this data set, DENV-2 was found to be significantly associated with DHF/DSS; however, this association was not observed with the revised classification. Among dengue-confirmed cases, the revised WHO classification for severe dengue appears to have higher sensitivity and specificity to identify cases in need of heightened care, although it is no longer as specific for a particular pathogenic entity as was the traditional schema.
Novel Mechanism of Hemin Capture by Hbp2, the Hemoglobin-binding Hemophore from Listeria monocytogenes*

Background: Listeria monocytogenes scavenges iron from heme and human hemoglobin using the Hbp1 and Hbp2 proteins. Results: Crystal structures and heme transfer studies of Hbp2 reveal an unusual binding mechanism. Conclusion: Hbp2 is a novel hemoglobin-binding hemophore that rapidly delivers hemin to Hbp1 and other Hbp2 proteins. Significance: These studies provides insight into how L. monocytogenes captures heme iron. Iron is an essential nutrient that is required for the growth of the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. In cell cultures, this microbe secretes hemin/hemoglobin-binding protein 2 (Hbp2; Lmo2185) protein, which has been proposed to function as a hemophore that scavenges heme from the environment. Based on its primary sequence, Hbp2 contains three NEAr transporter (NEAT) domains of unknown function. Here we show that each of these domains mediates high affinity binding to ferric heme (hemin) and that its N- and C-terminal domains interact with hemoglobin (Hb). The results of hemin transfer experiments are consistent with Hbp2 functioning as an Hb-binding hemophore that delivers hemin to other Hbp2 proteins that are attached to the cell wall. Surprisingly, our work reveals that the central NEAT domain in Hbp2 binds hemin even though its primary sequence lacks a highly conserved YXXXY motif that is used by all other previously characterized NEAT domains to coordinate iron in the hemin molecule. To elucidate the mechanism of hemin binding by Hbp2, we determined crystal structures of its central NEAT domain (Hbp2N2; residues 183–303) in its free and hemin-bound states. The structures reveal an unprecedented mechanism of hemin binding in which Hbp2N2 undergoes a major conformational rearrangement that facilitates metal coordination by a non-canonical tyrosine residue. These studies highlight previously unrecognized plasticity in the hemin binding mechanism of NEAT domains and provide insight into how L. monocytogenes captures heme iron.
A Single Sensor , Single Switch Integrated PFC Buck-Boost Buck Converter Fed BLDC Motor Drive

This paper presents an integrated power factor correction (PFC) buck-boost buck converter based voltage source inverter (VSI) fed brushless DC motor (BLDC) drive using a single voltage sensor. The speed is controlled by controlling the DC bus voltage of the VSI. An electronic commutation of the BLDC motor is used which utilizes a fundamental frequency switching (FFS) of VSI which in-turn offers low switching losses; hence an efficient configuration is realized. A PFC integrated buck-boost buck converter is used as a front-end converter for its operation in a dualdiscontinuous conduction mode (DCM) for DC link voltage control and PFC operation. An advantage of fast voltage regulation, with high power factor for wide range of voltage conversion and a zero current switching (ZCS) at turn-on is achieved in this configuration. The proposed drive is designed to achieve an improved power quality at the AC mains for a wide range of speed control with power quality indices under acceptable limits by international power quality standards such as IEC 61000-3-2. Keywords–BLDC motor drive, buck-boost buck converter, PFC, power quality.
Enriching Concept Search across Semantic Web Ontologies

Semantic Web ontologies are fast-growing knowledge sources on the Web. Searching relevant concepts from this large repository is a challenging problem. The current Semantic Web search engines provide either (1) coarse-grained search over ontologies or (2) very fine-grained search over individuals. We believe searching and ranking concepts across ontologies provides an ideal granularity for certain tasks such as ontology population and web page annotation. Towards this objective, we propose a novel approach of indexing concepts using ontology axioms in an inverted file structure and ranking them using a dynamic ranking algorithm. Our proposed method is generic and domain-independent. A preliminary evaluation indicates that our proposed method is effective, outperforming the search function of BioPortal, a large and widely-used ontology repository.
LQG control approach to Gaussian broadcast channels with feedback

A code for communication over the k-receiver additive white Gaussian noise broadcast channel with feedback is presented and analyzed using tools from the theory of linear quadratic Gaussian optimal control. It is shown that the performance of this code depends on the noise correlation at the receivers and it is related to the solution of a discrete algebraic Riccati equation. For the case of independent noises, the sum rate achieved by the proposed code, satisfying average power constraint P, is characterized as 1/2 log(1 + Pφ), where the coefficient φ ∈ [1, k] quantifies the power gain due to the presence of feedback. When specialized to the case of two receivers, this includes a previous result by Elia and strictly improves upon the code of Ozarow and Leung. When the noises are correlated, the pre-log of the sum-capacity of the broadcast channel with feedback can be strictly greater than one. It is established that for all noise covariance matrices of rank r the pre-log of the sum capacity is at most k − r + 1 and, conversely, there exists a noise covariance matrix of rank r for which the proposed code achieves this upper bound. This generalizes a previous result by Gastpar and Wigger for the two-receiver broadcast channel.
An Approach to Automated Realization and Validation of Software Architecture Model – A Case Study on E-Commerce

The benefits of architecture description languages (ADLs) cannot not be fully captured without an automated realization of software architecture designs because manually shifting from a model to its implementation is errorprone. In addition, validation of the realization process is necessary to ensure system properties kept after the realization. We proposed an integrated approach for automatically translating software architecture design models to the implementation code and validating the translation as well as the implementation code by exploring runtime verification technique and aspect-oriented programming. Specifically, system properties are not only verified against design models, but also verified during execution of the generated implementation of software architecture designs. A prototype tool, SAM Parser, is developed to demonstrate the approach on an ADL – SAM( Software Architecture Model). In SAM Parser, all the realization and verification code can be automatically generated without human interference. In this paper, we report on a case study conducted at an ecommerce scenario, an online shopping system to assess the benefits of automated realization of software architecture design and validation in a web service domain.
Class-Based Matching of Object Parts

We develop a novel technique for class-based matching of object parts across large changes in viewing conditions. Given a set of images of objects from a given class under different viewing conditions, the algorithm identifies corresponding regions depicting the same object part in different images. The technique is based on using the equivalence of corresponding features in different viewing conditions. This equivalence-based matching scheme is not restricted to planar components or affine transformations. As a result, it identifies corresponding parts more accurately and under more general conditions than previous methods. The scheme is general and works for a variety of natural object classes. We demonstrate that using the proposed methods, a dense set of accurate correspondences can be obtained. Experimental comparisons to several known techniques are presented. An application to the problem of invariant object recognition is shown, and additional applications to wide-baseline stereo are discussed.
The Nanostructure Fabrication on Conductive Diamond-like Carbon Thin Film by Nano-Oxidation Technique

This paper mainly focuses in the use of an atomic force microscope, research about the nanooxidation technique of conductive diamond-like carbon thin film in the atmospheric environment. The hardness, high wear resistance and chemical stability of diamond-like carbon thin film is high, and coefficient of friction is low, it is very suitable as a mold material for nanoscale mold. However, tool can only use a diamond cutter to machine the high hardness diamond-like carbon by traditional hard machining method, and tool life is not long. To overcome this drawback, the paper proposed an atomic force microscope (AFM) as a platform, a conductive AFM probe for tool under atmospheric conditions, and imposed nanooxidation technique on conductive diamond-like carbon thin film using electroluminescent etching to carry out nanofabrication processing. During the nanofabrication process, by changing the various processing parameters, such as applied voltage, repeated nanooxidation times and probe speed, etc., in order to understand the effect of processing parameters. The experimental results show, the nanooxidation technique can be carried out nanofabrication on conductive diamond-like carbon thin film successfully. And found that applied voltage, repeated nanooxidation times and probe speed all for the groove depth on the conductive diamond-like carbon thin films have significant influence. Additionally, this study successfully created a nanopattern. Therefore, the adequate machinability of DLC coating was achieved successfully in this study, indicating a promising application in the fabrication of nanopatterns on a nanoscale.
A Non-negative Matrix Factorization Framework for Combining Multiple Image Segmentations

Segmentation, or partitioning images into internally homogeneous regions, is an important first step in many Computer Vision tasks. In this paper, we attack the segmentation problem using an ensemble of low cost image segmentations. These segmentations are reconciled by applying recent techniques from the consensus clustering literature which exploit a Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) framework. We describe extensions to these methods that scale them for large images and incorporate smoothness constraints. This framework allows us to uniformly combine segmentations from different algorithms or featur e modalities, while avoiding significant parameter tuning fo r the specific image being segmented. We demonstrate that combining multiple “naive” image segmentations derived from k-means clustering compares favorably with more advanced Mean Shift and Efficient Graph Based Segmentation algorithms. The approach is evaluated on the Berkeley image segmentation dataset.
Recovery of Distributed Quantum Information Using Graph States from a Node Failure

Quantum graph states are highly entangled quantum states known to exhibit properties useful in applications such as quantum error correction, quantum computation, etc. We distribute quantum information across nodes, each having a qubit at its location, by using encoding techniques. We call it a quantum graph state code. By modeling the loss of a qubit due to failure of a node as a quantum erasure, we present a recovery mechanism for distributed quantum information using purification followed by an error correction procedure.
2-Amino-5-bromopyridinium 4-carboxybutanoate

In the title salt, C(5)H(6)BrN(2) (+)·C(5)H(7)O(4) (-), the 2-amino-5-bromo-pyridinium cation is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.005 (3) Å. In the crystal structure, the proton-ated N atom and the 2-amino group of the cation are hydrogen bonded to the carboxyl-ate O atoms of the anion via a pair of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming an R(2) (2)(8) ring motif. The ion pairs are further connected via O-H⋯O, N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to the bc plane. In the network, the hydrogen glutarate (4-carb-oxy-butano-ate) anions self-assemble through O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a supra-molecular chain along the c axis.
Using Con(cid:12)dence Interval to Summarize the Evaluation Results: A Case Study(cid:3)

Distributed Shared Memory(DSM) has gained popular acceptance by combining the scalability and low cost of distributed system with the ease of use of single address space. Many new hardware DSM and software DSM systems were proposed in recent years. In general, benchmarking is widely used to demonstrate the performance advantages of new systems. However, the common method used to summarize the measured results is the arithmetic mean of ratios, which is incorrect in some cases. Furthermore, many published papers showed a lot of data only, and did not summarize them e(cid:11)ectively, which confused users greatly. In fact, many users want to get a single number as conclusion, which was not provided in old evaluation methods. Therefore, a new data summarizing technique based on con(cid:12)dence interval is proposed in this paper. The new technique includes two data summarizing methods: (1) paired con(cid:12)dence interval method; (2) unpaired con(cid:12)dence interval method. With this new technique, we can say at some con(cid:12)dence that one system is better than others. On the other hand, with the help of con(cid:12)dence level, we propose to standardize the benchmarks used for evaluating DSM systems so that we can get a convincible result. Moreover, our new summarizing technique (cid:12)ts not only for evaluating DSM systems, but also for evaluating other systems, such as memory system and communication systems.
Social Relations Model for Collaborative Filtering

We propose a novel probabilistic model for collaborative filtering (CF), called SRMCoFi, which seamlessly integrates both linear and bilinear random effects into a principled framework. The formulation of SRMCoFi is supported by both social psychological experiments and statistical theories. Not only can many existing CF methods be seen as special cases of SRMCoFi, but it also integrates their advantages while simultaneously overcoming their disadvantages. The solid theoretical foundation of SRMCoFi is further supported by promising empirical results obtained in extensive experiments using real CF data sets on movie ratings.