Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resistance Profiles to Second-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs and Their Treatment Outcomes: A Three-Year Retrospective Analysis from South India

Background: Patients with first-line drug resistance (DR) to rifampicin (RIF) or isoniazid (INH) as a first-line (FL) line probe assay (LPA) were subjected to genotypic DST using second-line (SL) LPA to identify SL-DR (including pre-XDR) under the National TB Elimination Program (NTEP), India. SL-DR patients were initiated on different DR-TB treatment regimens and monitored for their outcomes. The objective of this retrospective analysis was to understand the mutation profile and treatment outcomes of SL-DR patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of mutation profile, treatment regimen, and treatment outcome was performed for SL-DR patients who were tested at ICMR-NIRT, Supra-National Reference Laboratory, Chennai between the years 2018 and 2020. All information, including patient demographics and treatment outcomes, was extracted from the NTEP Ni-kshay database. Results: Between 2018 and 2020, 217 patients out of 2557 samples tested were identified with SL-DR by SL-LPA. Among them, 158/217 were FQ-resistant, 34/217 were SLID-resistant, and 25/217 were resistant to both. D94G (Mut3C) of gyrA and a1401g of rrs were the most predominant mutations in the FQ and SLID resistance types, respectively. Favorable (cured and treatment complete) and unfavorable outcomes (died, lost to follow up, treatment failed, and treatment regimen changed) were recorded in a total of 82/217 and 68/217 patients in the NTEP Ni-kshay database. Conclusions: As per the testing algorithm, SL- LPA is used for genotypic DST following identification of first-line resistance, for early detection of SL-DR in India. The fluoroquinolone resistance pattern seen in this study population corelates with the global trend. Early detection of fluoroquinolone resistance and monitoring of treatment outcome can help achieve better patient management.
Do spatial effects really matter in regression analysis

ABSTRACT A substantial hotly of applied statistical and econometric analysis in regional science and geography deals with data collected for aggregate spatial units of observation. These data are typically affected by a variety of measurement problems, resulting in spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity. However, most of the empirical work fails to take this into account. In this paper, we address the issue of the extent to which spatial effects matter in applied regression analysis. An overview of the formal methodological problems is given, and related to the literature in spatial statistics and spatial econometrics.
Structure of disk dominated galaxies

A robust analysis of the structural properties of late-type spiral galaxies, based on the modeling of bulge and disk brightnesses, is presented. The resulting structural parameters provide important constraints to predictions of structure formation models for the bulges and disks of spiral galaxies. Two independent programs were developed which exploit ID profiles and 2D images. These algorithms use a non-linear least-squared fitting technique to reduce the profiles and images into bulge and disk components described by smooth mathematical functions. The reliability of the decomposition algorithms was thoroughly tested with ~ 250,000 simulated profiles and images. The simulations include testing for sensitivity to initial estimates and seeing and sky measurement errors, and cover the full range of late-type disk and bulge sizes, as well as the bulge shape. These tests provide us with a set of guidelines for the reliability of our decompositions. Among others, we find that an additional grid search must be applied in order to recover the bulge shape parameter reliably. Another important conclusion from these simulations is that the 2D decomposition technique does not provide a significant advantage over the ID algorithm for recovering axi-symmetric galaxian parameters to warrant the extra computational time and effort. This is likely only true for the small bulges considered here. Hence, our results for the actual data reductions are based solely on the ID decomposition technique. Decomposition results are presented for the largest multi-band data set of late-type galaxy images to date. We use a sub-sample which includes a total of 523 images in the B V R H passbands for 123 nearby late-type spiral galaxies with face-on and intermediate inclinations. The galaxies are divided into three major types according to the shape of their luminosity profiles in the optical and infrared passbands; type variations are ultimately linked to the presence of dust. For each galaxy brightness profile a total set of 1080 decompositions were reduced and
Parametrizing Fuchsian Subgroups of the Bianchi Groups

Let dbe a positive square-free integer and let Od denote the ring of integers in . The groups PSL2(Od) are collectively known as the Bianchi groups and have been widely studied from the viewpoints of group theory, number theory and low-dimensional topology. The interest of the present article is in geometric Fuchsian subgroups of the groups PSL2(Od). Clearly PSL2 is such a subgroup; however results of [18], [19] show that the Bianchi groups are rich in Fuchsian subgroups.
Protein Posttranslational Modification in Stemness Remodeling and Its Emerging Role as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Gastrointestinal Cancers

The posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, as critical mechanisms for protein regulation, are well known to enhance the functional diversity of the proteome and dramatically participate in complicated biological processes. Recent efforts in the field of cancer biology have illustrated the extensive landscape of PTMs and their crosstalk with a wide range of pro-tumorigenic signaling pathways that decisively contribute to neoplastic transformation, tumor recurrence, and resistance to oncotherapy. Cancer stemness is an emerging concept that maintains the ability of tumor cells to self-renew and differentiate and has been recognized as the root of cancer development and therapy resistance. In recent years, the PTM profile for modulating the stemness of various tumor types has been identified. This breakthrough has shed light on the underlying mechanisms by which protein PTMs maintain cancer stemness, initiate tumor relapse, and confer resistance to oncotherapies. This review focuses on the latest knowledge of protein PTMs in reprogramming the stemness of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. A deeper understanding of abnormal PTMs in specific proteins or signaling pathways provides an opportunity to specifically target cancer stem cells and highlights the clinical relevance of PTMs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for patients with GI malignancies.
Divulging the Lived Experiences of Public School Teachers in the U.S.A. during COVID-19 Pandemic: Phenomenological Analysis

This research examined the lived experiences of public school teachers in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative design was performed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Twenty public school teachers in the United States formed the sample, with the inclusion criterion being a minimum of three years’ teaching experience, including the pandemic. To meet the safety measure protocols set by the U.S. government, the data gathering was conducted online using Microsoft Forms. The semi-structured interviews comprised two sections: the first ascertained the respondents’ profiling and the second revealed their first-hand experiences. The thematic analysis approach was utilized to analyze the data. The findings disclosed five emerging themes: 1) low student engagement; 2) unstable internet connection; 3) professional development as school district support; 4) utilization of online engagement tools to leverage classroom engagement; and 5) evident parental support. School districts, teachers, parents, students, and potential researchers were provided with recommendations for improving online and hybrid instruction. In addition to implementing socio-emotional learning programs and addressing slow internet connections, it is advised that school districts train teachers on how to use the tools, software, and techniques for online and hybrid instruction. Teachers who are having difficulty in adjusting to online learning should think about developing their capabilities for helping students while finding a healthy balance in terms of stress management. The use of technology to support students should be adequately taught to parents. Future studies on the pandemic's effects on education should continue.
Evaluation Of Paraoxonase-1 Activity In Yemeni Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Its Association With Atherogenic Risk Factors

Objective: To evaluate the Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity in Yemeni patients with Type 2 DM and examine its association with the atherogenic risk factors. Methods: This was a case-control study carried out on 97 subjects: 46 healthy subjects from both genders (control) and 51 Type 2 DM patients. Biochemical parameters include PON1, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile were analyzed. Results: Serum PON1 was significantly (p = 0.001) lower in Type 2 DM patients by 10.1% with respect to the healthy control subjects. Moreover, FBG, HbA1c and total cholesterol were significantly higher in Type 2 DM patients as compared to the healthy controls. Serum PON1 activity was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol – HDL-c (r = 0.383, p = 0.006) and inversely correlated with HbA1c (r = - 0.341, p = 0.014). Conclusion: Paraoxonase-1 was lower in Type 2 DM patients and being positively correlated with HDL-c and inversely correlated with HbA1c.
Relationship between core stability, dynamic balance and jumping performance in soccer players

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between core stability, dynamic balance and jumping performance in soccer players. Seventeen male soccer players (mean ± SD: age, 21.06 ± 1.71 years) participated as volunteer in this study. Dynamic balance of the participants were evaluated at directions of anterior (A), posteromedial (PM) and posterolateral (PL) with Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). The core stability was evaluated with trunk flexion, side bridge, and trunk extension tests. For jumping performance, squat jump height was measured using a contact mat. There was a negative correlation (r = -0.705) between trunk flexion test and squat jump height ( p 0.05). There was no significant correlation between trunk flexion, side bridge, trunk extension tests and SEBT values ( p > 0.05). The results of this study suggest that trunk flexion is associated with squat jump height in soccer players, but not side bridge and trunk extension tests. The core stability does not contribute significantly on dynamic balance.
Corporate Governance, Audit Committee and Corporate Tax Management

This study aims to determine the effect of Corporate Governance and the Audit Committee on Corporate Tax Management. Corporate governance is the number of commissioners, the percentage of independent commissioners, and compensation for the commissioners and the board of directors. GAAP ETR ETR measures corporate tax management (Generally Accepted Accounting Principle Effective Tax Rate). The sample of this research is companies listed in the IDX30 Index period 2016-2020 using the purposing sampling method. The study's total sample was 55 companies that met the criteria as the sample of this study. The method of analysis of this research is using the multiple linear regression analysis methods. The results of this study indicate that the number of commissioners significantly affects corporate tax management. Meanwhile, the percentage of independent commissioners, compensation for the board of commissioners and directors, and the audit committee has no significant effect on corporate tax management.
Navigating mathematics : making sense of purpose and activity in contemporary English mathematics education

Mathematics education serves a number of purposes within contemporary English society. Many of these concern the learning of knowledge and skills which an individual may need in their everyday life or in a future occupation. Other purposes are predicated instead on the merit afforded to mathematics by society, such that mathematics is used as a benchmark of intelligence or as a gatekeeper to future opportunities in education or employment. This thesis describes a research project which explores how a variety of learners recognise, navigate and make sense of this range of intents, and how the learners’ subsequent understanding informs both their decisions and their personal sense of mathematical purpose. It uses a critical grounded theory methodology to research and report the experiences of four groups of learners: adults returning to the formal study of mathematics after leaving school; undergraduates choosing to leave mathematics behind after completing their degrees; and GCSE students on and beneath the borderline of a watershed C grade. The results first support specific observations concerning each group then go on to reveal a number of resonances and commonalities which establish how purpose is inferred by, and how purpose influences, learners within contemporary mathematics education. Together the findings demonstrate that the place of mathematics as cultural capital plays a dominant role in steering mathematical trajectories. They go on to illustrate how this role and others impact on mathematical identities, and describe how many learners respond defensively to the current layering of discourses surrounding the purposes of mathematics education. In particular this thesis observes the deployment of minimisation and ego defence strategies, including partitioning mathematical learning, deferring its import and critiquing systems within mathematics education, each of which is advantaged by certain aspects of prevailing practice. In conclusion this thesis considers critically how these findings might inform both contemporary debates in mathematics education and current trends in pedagogy. It argues in turn for renewed attention regarding how the purposes of mathematics education are considered, balanced and communicated.
SUPPORT SYSTEM AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF POST-COVID-19 PATIENTS IN ENDE REGENCY, EAST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a change in habits for patients after COVID-19 in Indonesia. Social stigma and negative perceptions of the COVID-19 disease can also have an impact on post-COVID-19 patients. Both informal and formal support systems are critical to the successful care and recovery of patients post COVID-19. This study aims to determine the support system on the quality of life in patients with post-COVID-19 in Ende Regency. The type of research used is analytical. The results of the study found that there was a significant relationship between the support system and the quality of life of patients after COVID-19 (p = 0.001) with a correlation value of r = 0.567. The conclusion that the support system with the quality of life of patients post-COVID-19 has a positive correlation. The better the support system provided and received by patients after COVID-19, the better their quality of life will be.observational using a cross sectional study design. The sampling method uses cluster random sampling. The sample used the proportional allocation technique with a sample of 110 respondents. The results of the study found that there was a significant relationship between the support system and the quality of life of patients after COVID-19 (p = 0.001) with a correlation value of r = 0.567. The conclusion that the support system with the quality of life of patients post-COVID-19 has a positive correlation. The better the support system provided and received by patients after COVID-19, the better their quality of life will be
Jordan Loops and Decompositions of Operators

Let be a separable, infinite dimensional, complex Hilbert space, and let denote the algebra of all bounded linear operators on . In what follows we shall denote the spectrum, essential spectrum, and left essential spectrum of an operator T in , respectively. Furthermore, if and T1 is unitarily equivalent to a compact perturbation of an operator T2, then we write T1 ~ T2, and if the compact perturbation can be chosen to have norm less than e, we write T1 ~ T2(ϵ).
Invented global exponential stabilizable rule of some class of nonlinear control systems and its practical application

An invented necessary and sufficient rule, without providing the troublesome so-called "interconnection conditions", for global exponential stabilizability of some class of nonlinear control systems and its interesting practical application are proposed in this paper. The globally exponentially stabilizing composite feedback control is given here such that the chosen design manifold becomes an exact integral manifold and the trajectories of the closed-loop systems, starting from any initial states, are steered along the integral manifold to the origin for a sufficiently small parameter.
Influence of domain walls and defects on the electrocaloric effect

The electrocaloric (EC) effect is the adiabatic temperature change of a material in a varying external electric field, which is promising for novel cooling devices. While the fundamental understanding of the caloric response of defect-free materials is well developed, there are important gaps in the knowledge about the reversibility and time-stability of the response. In particular, it is not settled how the time-dependent elements of microstructure that are always present in real materials act on the field-induced temperature changes. Ab initio based molecular dynamics simulations allow us to isolate and understand the effects arising from domain walls (DWs) and defect dipoles and to study their interplay. We show that DWs in cycling fields do not improve the response in either the ferroelectric (FE) phase or at the FE phase transition, but may result in irreversible heat losses. The presence of defect dipoles may be beneficial for the EC response for proper field protocols, and interestingly this benefit is not too sensitive to the defect configuration.
Determination of the hyperfine structure constants of the 87 Rb and 85 Rb 4 D 5 /2 state and the isotope hyperfine anomaly

The hyperfine structure (hfs) splittings of the $4{D}_{5/2}$ state for two isotopes of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ and $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ atoms are measured based on double-resonance optical pumping spectra in a $5{S}_{1/2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}5{P}_{3/2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}4{D}_{5/2}$ ladder-type atomic system. The frequency calibration is performed by employing a wideband fiber-pigtailed phase-type electro-optic modulator together with a Fabry-P\'erot cavity to cancel the error arising from nonlinear frequency scanning. The hfs magnetic dipole constant $A$ of the $4{D}_{5/2}$ state is determined to be \ensuremath{-}16.801 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.005 MHz for $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ and \ensuremath{-}4.978 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.004 MHz for $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$. The hfs electric quadrupole constant $B$ of the $4{D}_{5/2}$ state is determined to be 3.645 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.030 MHz for $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ and 6.560 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.052 MHz for $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$. The values of $A$ and $B$ for the $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}4{D}_{5/2}$ state are twice as accurate as previous work with thermal atoms using a femtosecond laser comb and the values of $A$ and $B$ for the $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}4{D}_{5/2}$ state are 3 times and 25 times more accurate than previous work in laser-cooled atoms using Fabry--P\'erot interferometer, respectively. According to this high precision of the hfs constants and the previously measured nuclear $g$ factors of the two isotopes, the value of the $d$-electron hyperfine anomaly $^{87}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{}^{85}(4{D}_{5/2})$ is derived to be \ensuremath{-}0.0041 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.0009.
Matrix product-form solutions for Markov chains with a tree structure

We have two aims in this paper. First, we generalize the well-known theory of matrix-geometric methods of Neuts to more complicated Markov chains. Second, we use the theory to solve a last-come-first-served queue with a generalized preemptive resume (LCFS-GPR) discipline. The structure of the Markov chain considered in this paper is one in which one of the variables can take values in a countable set, which is arranged in the form of a tree. The other variable takes values from a finite set. Each node of the tree can branch out into d other nodes. The steady-state solution of this Markov chain has a matrix product-form, which can be expressed as a function of d matrices Rl,· ··, Rd. We then use this theory to solve a multiclass LCFS-GPR queue, in which the service times have PH-distributions and arrivals are according to the Markov modulated Poisson process. In this discipline, when a customer's service is preempted in phase j (due to a new arrival), the resumption of service at a later time could take place in a phase which depends on j. We also obtain a closed form solution for the stationary distribution of an LCFS-GPR queue when the arrivals are Poisson. This result generalizes the known result on a LCFS preemptive resume queue, which can be obtained from Kelly's symmetric queue.
From experiment to market development: A case study of prospects and value chain of saline agriculture in Terschelling, the Netherlands

ABSTRACT Saline agriculture, understood as production of food and biomass on salt-affected soils, also including adaptive soil, water and crop management, is a promising climate-adaptive strategy. However, it is difficult to create a dedicated food chain and to develop a business model in the North Sea countries. This study aims to explore whether islands can be an incubator for saline agriculture by looking at a saline agriculture initiative on Terschelling, the Netherlands, which focusses on the touristic niche market. We conducted semi-structured interviews to map the value chain on the island and identify opportunities and constraints for its development. Drawing on the innovation theory, we analyse to what extent small islands can be considered a favourable niche for sustainability innovations such as saline agriculture. Our results confirm the potential for production and marketing of local saline food specialities on Terschelling, although the market and value chain still require further development. The potential of this initiative is considered positive, although at this stage external support is needed in the form of voluntary labour or subsidies. We conclude that islands are a favourable niche for the introduction saline agriculture as such island initiatives can be a stepping stone for a wider introduction of saline agriculture as a climate adaptive strategy.
The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto.

This third edition of The Stages of Economic Growth, first published in 1991, has a new preface and appendix, Professor Rostow extends his analysis to include economic and political developments as well as the advances in theory concerning nonlinear and chaotic phenomena. For those coming to his work for the first time, the original text and the introductions and appendices from earlier editions are included. This volume will not only be of interest to those concerned with the theory of economic growth, but also to students of policy since the 1960s. In the text Professor Rostow gives an account of economic growth based on a dynamic theory of production and interpreted in terms of actual societies. Five basic stages of economic growth are distinguished with detailed discussions of each stage including illustrative examples. He also applies the concept of stages of growth to an examination of the problems of military aggression and the nuclear arms race. The final chapter includes a comparison of his non-communist manifesto with Marxist theory. Materials from the second edition include an appendix in which he responds to some of his critics.