Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Royal Jelly and trans-10-Hydroxy-2-Decenoic Acid Inhibit Migration and Invasion of Colorectal Carcinoma Cells

SUMMARY Research background Acquisition of migratory potential is pivotal for cancer cells, enabling invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma. Royal jelly and its bioactive component trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10H2DA) showed remarkable antimetastatic potential, but the molecular mechanism underlying this activity is unclear. Experimental approach Identification and quantification of 10H2DA in royal jelly originating from Serbia was done by HPLC method. Cytotoxicity of 10H2DA was measured by tetrazolium dye MTT test in concentration range 1-500 μg/mL after 24 and 72 h. Its effect on the collective and single-cell migration was measured by wound healing and transwell migration assays. Invasive potential of cancer cells was evaluated by a transwell method modified with collagen. Immunofluorescence was used for migratory and invasive protein expression, while the gene expression of these markers was evaluated by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). All assays were applied on human colorectal carcinoma HCT-116 and SW-480 cell lines and, except for MTT, evaluated after 24 h of treatment with two selected concentrations of royal jelly and 10H2DA. Results and conclusions According to HPLC, the mass fraction of 10H2DA in royal jelly was 0.92% (m/m). Treatment with 10H2DA showed no cytotoxic effect; however, significant inhibitory potential of royal jelly and 10H2DA on the motility and invasiveness of colorectal cancer cells was observed. More pronounced effect was exerted by 10H2DA, which significantly suppressed collective cell migration and invasiveness of SW-480 cells, as well as single- and collective cell migration and invasive potential of HCT-116 cell line. Treatments increased epithelial markers E-cadherin and cytoplasmic β-catenin in HCT-116 cells, thus stabilizing intercellular connections. In SW-480 cells, 10H2DA increased E-cadherin on protein and gene level, and suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. In both cell lines, treatments induced significant suppression of promigratory/proinvasive markers: N-cadherin, vimentin and Snail on protein and gene level, which explains decreased migratory and invasive potential of HCT-116 and SW-480 cells. Novelty and scientific contribution Our study presents new findings and elucidation of royal jelly and 10H2DA molecular mechanism that underlies their antimigratory/antiinvasive activity on colorectal cancer cells. These findings are shown for the first time indicating that these natural products are a valuable source of anticancer potential and should be reconsidered for further antitumour therapy.
Histological and molecular plasticity of ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer under targeted therapy: a case report

With medical progress in cancer therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) became a standard of care for many cancer types. But the broad range of possible targeted therapies was accompanied by a plethora of potential resistance mechanisms, of which many have still to be identified. Here, we present the case of a patient with an EML4–ALK translocated non-small-cell lung cancer treated with four different TKIs. Her tumor developed not only a well-known ALK–TKI resistance mutation but also underwent a histological transformation from adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma. To confirm a shared monoclonal origin of the phenotypically different tumors, a phylogenetic reconstruction was conducted: This revealed a cluster of mutations including NFE2L2, KMT2D, and MLH1, which are possible triggering events for the transformation.
Study of effect of wave on ship collision

Ship collision often takes place under the severe sea conditions.In fact,collision process is the coupling of contact force and external environmental load.Based on the non-linear finite element method,ship collision model considering the effect of wave is built,and the collision process is simulated numerically.The results of collision under conditions with or without wave are compared and the influence on side structure by the wave heights and incident angle of the wave is analyzed.The results of simulation indicate that wave has negative effects on ship collision,and some guidance and suggestions are given from the viewpoint of engineering.
A Novel Stilbene Analogue: Antioxidant Activity and Application in Controlling the Quality and Bacterial Growth of Shrimp Refrigerated at 4ºC

ABSTRACT The antioxidant potential of a novel stilbene analogue (5-hydroxy-2-[2-(3,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-1-hexyl-pyridin-4-one) (named SA) along with its application in shrimp refrigeration was investigated. The antioxidant activity of SA was evaluated by determining the radical scavenging ability. Further, the shrimp preservative efficacy of SA was investigated on Penaeus vannamei stored at 4°C by determining the quality indicators. The shelf life of shrimp treated with SA was extended to 10 days, while the shelf life of shrimp treated with 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR), kojic acid, and sterile saline was 9, 6, and 4 days, respectively. The shelf life of shrimp was further extended to 12 days when treated with SA in combination with 0.1% citric acid. The residue of SA in shrimp was found to be extremely low even after 12 days of storage. Furthermore, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay indicated that SA was nontoxic to two cell lines. SA could find application in shrimp refrigeration.
Distribution features of particle size and heavy metal elements in foliage-captured dust

This paper takes as its target to reveal the distribution features of particle size and heavy metal elements(Cu,Zn,Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni) in foliage-captured dust,by using the foliar dust samples of Ligustrum lucidum and Ligustrum quihoui collected from different areas of Xi'an,including its industrial area (IA),commercial and service area(CSA),heavy-traffic area(HTA),residential and educational area(REA) and comparatively pollution-free area(CPFA). Size distribution of the collected samples was determined with a laser particle size analyzer,while the concentrations of heavy metals in the samples were measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.We have also discussed the likely sources of the heavy metals in the dust.The particulate size of the foliar dust proves to be less than 50 μm,and PM10(particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm) makes up between 13.8% and 63.1% of the particles.There exist two peak values of the foliar dust for Ligustrum lucidum,with its mean and peak values of the dust size being highest in CPFA,and followed by IA,REA,HTA and CSA.For Ligustrum quihoui,however,the size distribution of the foliar dust proves to be normal,with its mean and peak value in the increasing order of CPFA,CSA,HTA,REA,IA.Heavy metals are significantly enriched in foliar dust,with its mean concentrations being(325.5±72.6) mg/kg for Cu,(3 965.6±1 112.9) mg/kg for Zn,(349.2±149.3) mg/kg for Cr,(35.3±6.8) mg/kg for Cd,(1 182.0±355.1) mg/kg for Pb,(324.1±129.5) mg/kg for Ni.Significant differences are found in heavy metals among different urban areas.By contrast,Cu,Zn,Cr,Cd,Pb and Ni concentrations in foliar dust prove no significant difference between Ligustrum lucidum and Ligustrum quihoui.The results of our investigation suggest that the contents of Zn,Pb,Ni and Cr in the foliar dust are the highest in IA with the greatest values observed in HTA for Cu and Cd.However,the contamination of heavy metals proves relatively minor in REA and CPFA.More fine dust particles are found with heavy metals accumulated in the leaves of the two plants.Heavy metals in foliar dust exceed those in background soil in Shaanxi to a factor of 7.9-20.8,29.7-77.9,2.6-11.1,26.4-71.8,6.9-18.9 and 262.8-489.4 for Cu,Zn,Cr, Pb,Ni and Cd,respectively,indicating that the foliar heavy metal dusts are likely to be caused by the industrial pollution,vehicle emission,and/or other anthropogenic sources.The proportion of heavy metal particles in the foliar dust proves to be mutually correlated,revealing the fact that the foliar dust indeed originated from the extraneous source.
Neutralizing Antibodies and Cytokines in Breast Milk After Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA Vaccination

Humoral and cellular immune responses to mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination are present in the breast milk of most women and confer passive immunity to the nursing infant. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA-based vaccines present in breast milk and transfer of the immune responses to breastfeeding infants. METHODS: We enrolled 30 lactating women who received mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines from January through April 2021 in this cohort study. Women provided serial milk samples, including milk expressed before vaccination, across 2–3 weeks after the first dose, and across 3 weeks after the second dose. Women provided their blood, spotted on cards (dried blood spots), 19 days after the first dose and 21 days after the second dose. Stool samples from the breastfed infants were collected 21 days after mothers' second vaccination. Prepandemic samples of milk, dried blood spots, and infant stool were used as controls. Milk, dried blood spots, and infant stool were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for receptor-binding domain (RBD)–specific immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG. Milk samples were tested for the presence of neutralizing antibodies against the spike and four variants of concern: D614G, Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Gamma (P.1). Levels of 10 cytokines were measured in milk samples. RESULTS: Milk from COVID-19-immunized women neutralized the spike and four variants of concern, primarily driven by anti-RBD IgG. The immune response in milk also included significant elevation of interferon-γ. The immune response to maternal vaccination was reflected in breastfed infants: anti-RBD IgG and anti-RBD IgA were detected in 33% and 30% of infant stool samples, respectively. Levels of anti-RBD antibodies in infant stool correlated with maternal vaccine side effects. Median antibody levels against RBD were below the positive cutoffs in prepandemic milk and infant stool samples. CONCLUSION: Humoral and cellular immune responses to mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination are present in most women’s breast milk. The milk anti-RBD antibodies can neutralize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike and variants of concern. Anti-RBD antibodies are transferred to breastfed infants, with the potential to confer passive immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
Overexpression of S100A9 in obesity impairs macrophage differentiation via TLR4-NFkB-signaling worsening inflammation and wound healing

Rationale: In obesity the fine-tuned balance of macrophage phenotypes is disturbed towards a dominance of pro-inflammatory macrophages resulting in exacerbation and persistence of inflammation and impaired tissue repair. However, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Methods: Impact of obesity on macrophage differentiation was studied in high fat diet induced obese and db/db mice during skin inflammation and wound repair, respectively. Mechanisms of S100A9-mediated effects on macrophage differentiation was studied on in vitro generated macrophages by genomic and proteomic approaches. The role of S100A9 on macrophage differentiation was investigated by pharmacological inhibition of S100A9 during skin inflammation and wound repair in obese and db/db mice. Results: We demonstrate an overexpression of S100A9 in conditions of obesity-associated disturbed macrophage differentiation in the skin. We show that saturated free fatty acids (SFA), which are increased in obesity, together with S100A9 induce TLR4 and inflammasome-dependent IL-1β release in macrophages which in turn amplifies S100A9 expression initiating a vicious cycle of sustained S100A9 overexpression in skin inflammation in obesity. We reveal a yet unrecognized impact of obesity-associated S100A9 overexpression on macrophage differentiation. S100A9 binding to TLR4 and activation of NFkB attenuates development of M2-like macrophages and induces pro-inflammatory functions in these cells. Consequently, inhibition of S100A9 restores disturbed M2-like macrophage differentiation in mouse models of obesity-associated skin inflammation and wound repair. Similarly, breaking the vicious cycle of S100A9 overexpression by dietary reduction of SFA restored M2-like macrophage activation. Improvement of skin inflammation and wound repair upon reduction of S100A9 by pharmacological inhibition or by reduction of SFA uncovers the pathogenic role of S100A9 overexpression in obesity. Conclusion: This study identifies S100A9 as a previously unrecognized vital component in obesity-associated disturbed macrophage differentiation and subsequent impaired regulation of inflammation and wound repair. The findings open new opportunities for therapeutic implications for inflammatory diseases and wound repair in obesity.
Radiation‐mediated supply of genetic variation outweighs the effects of selection and drift in Chernobyl Daphnia populations

Populations experiencing varying levels of ionizing radiation provide an excellent opportunity to study the fundamental drivers of evolution. Radiation can cause mutations and thus supply genetic variation; it can also selectively remove individuals that are unable to cope with the physiological stresses associated with radiation exposure, or non‐selectively cull swathes of the population, reducing genetic variation. Since the nuclear power plant explosion in 1986, the Chernobyl area has experienced a spatially heterogeneous exposure to varying levels of ionizing radiation. We sampled Daphnia pulex (a freshwater crustacean) from lakes across the Chernobyl area, genotyped them at ten microsatellite loci and also calculated the current radiation dose rates. We then investigated whether the pattern of genetic diversity was positively associated with radiation dose rates, consistent with radiation‐mediated supply of de novo mutations, or negatively associated with radiation dose rates, as would be expected with strong radiation‐mediated selection. We found that measures of genetic diversity, including expected heterozygosity and mean allelic richness (an unbiased indicator of diversity), were significantly higher in lakes that experienced the highest radiation dose rates. This suggests that mutation outweighs selection as the key evolutionary force in populations exposed to high radiation dose rates. We also found significant but weak population structure, indicative of low genetic drift and clear evidence for isolation‐by‐distance between populations. This further suggests that gene flow between nearby populations is eroding population structure and that mutational input in high radiation lakes could, ultimately, supply genetic variation to lower radiation sites.
The Impact on Oral Health Related Quality of Life of Orthodontic Patients with Missing Teeth Substituted with Acrylic Teeth During Orthodontic Treatment

Objective: This research aims to assess the impact on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in patients who had the missing teeth substituted with acrylic teeth during orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: Eighteen orthodontic patients aged between 18 and 35 years who had at least one missing tooth, and required prosthesis, were recruited. All patients were undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance for space opening and idealisation. Patient were randomly allocated into Group 1: Transbond XT adhesive only; Group 2: Transbond XT adhesive with surface sandblasting; Group 3: Transbond XT adhesive with surface abrasion; and Group 4: Triad Gel adhesive only. Upon achieving adequate space intraorally, the acrylic tooth was adjusted to required dimension. Subsequently, the corresponding metal bracket was attached to the labial surface using the different surface preparation prior to archwire ligation. The short version of Oral Health Impact Profile (S-OHIP-14) was used to measure the difference in OHRQoL between pre(T0) and 6 months post-attachment (T1) of acrylic teeth. The patients were monitored monthly for six months. Results: The S-OHIP-14 for simple count (SC) and additive (ADD) scores method showed 28.3% and 40.4% improvement, respectively, although only the ADD method showed significance. Among all the domains, only the handicap domain showed the highest improvement (54.0%) which was statistically significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: There was an overall Compend. of Oral Sci:vol9(1);2022;42-51 improvement in the orthodontic treatment outcome measure on the OHRQoL scores after six-months of having missing teeth substituted with acrylic teeth.
Dental Anxiety and Phobia among Medical and Dental Undergraduates in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM): A Cross-sectional Study

Objective: To assess the prevalence of dental anxiety and phobia among Malaysian medical and dental undergraduates of 2019. Materials and Methods: A validated Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear Scale (IDAF-4C+) questionnaires were distributed to medical and dental undergraduates in UiTM Sungai Buloh (n=460) via stratified random sampling. Demographic characteristics data were also collected. A cut point of 2.5 in average score for dental anxiety and fear (IDAF-4C) module was set to indicate the presence of dental anxiety. Descriptive statistics was used to determine the prevalence at while Pearson’s correlation was used to check its correlation towards related dental stimuli. The association of sociodemographic factors towards dental anxiety and fear were evaluated by logistic regression. Results: This study found that medical undergraduates reported higher prevalence of dental fear (25.6%) as compared to dental undergraduates (18.9%). The highest stimuli correlated to dental anxiety and fear is ‘feeling sick, queasy or disgusted’ (r=0.537) followed by ‘not being in control of what is happening’ (r=0.484). Having unpleasant dental experience rose the likelihood of dental anxiety and fear by four times. Those from highCompend. of Oral Sci:vol9(1);2022;29-41 income family has 51.7% lower likelihood of dental anxiety and fear versus to those from low-income family. Conclusion: We conclude that dental anxiety is relatively prevalent even among medical and dental undergraduates in Malaysia. Feeling sick, queasy and disgusted are found to be the most correlated stimulus among medical undergraduates.
Empirical comparison of Shariah-compliant vs conventional mutual fund performance

PurposeThis paper investigates the performance of locally focused equity mutual funds (LFEFs) in Saudi Arabia as compared with the performance of benchmark funds. More specifically, the focal question pertains to whether Shariah-compliant mutual funds (SMFs) and conventional mutual funds (CMFs) outperform their respective benchmarks. Undertaken in the context of Saudi Arabia's economic planning under Vision 2030, the study offers a foundation for determining whether and the extent to which Shariah-compliant investment strategies are competitive—a matter of considerable importance across 57 Muslim countries.Design/methodology/approachThe Carhart four-factor model is applied to a sample of 39 Saudi Arabian mutual funds (MFs) using the monthly net asset value (NAV) per share. The sample period, April 2007 to October 2016, is considered in its entirety and as three sub-periods, i.e. low-, medium- and high-volatility.FindingsThe results show that the locally focused equity mutual funds (LFEFs) significantly outperformed their benchmark, i.e. the Tadawul All Share Index (TASI), during the full sample period and the low-volatility period. According to the empirical comparison, the CMFs also outperformed their TASI benchmark for the full sample period and the low-volatility period. However, the SMFs neither outperformed nor underperformed their S&P Saudi Arabia Domestic Shariah Index benchmark. That is, for each of the SMFs included in the sample, the Jensen's alpha was insignificant for both the full sample and all three volatility sub-periods.Research limitations/implicationsIn this paper, the four-factor model is used in the context of a single country. The results, therefore, may not be generalizable to the multi-country level in the Gulf Council Cooperation (GCC) region given differences between the member countries in terms of financial structure and economic focus.Practical implicationsThe results reported constitute a useful guide for policymakers and faith-based-sensitive investors concerned about the Shariah compliancy of their portfolios given that there is very little difference between how CMFs and SMFs performed in the focal period. This research can be extended to include other Islamic countries in the GCC region as a basis for identifying optimal investment vehicles, i.e. those most likely to produce high returns at low risk.Originality/valueThe work reported in this paper is original and constitutes a valuable asset for ethnoreligious-sensitive investors. The research has not been published in any capacity and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.
Citric Acid Promotes the Mobilization of Phosphorus under the Lower Concentration of Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids in Acidic Forest Soil

Low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) secreted by plant roots enhanced the release of inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) into the soil solution and thereby increased plant-available Pi in soils. Not the effect of LMWOAs on inducing organic P (Po) released into soil solution through soil microorganisms at different temperatures was poorly understood, but the transform mechanism for P fraction was also not well explained. This study used three experiments to determine the release of P and the transformation mechanism of P fractions induced by oxalic acid, citric acid, and malic acid in acidic forest soils. The results showed that LMWOAs, as carbon sources for microorganisms, mobilize Po more effectively than glucose. Inorganic P and organic P were released by LMWOAs followed by oxalic acid > citric acid > malic acid if the substrates of P and LMWOAs were enough. There may be a critical threshold for the concentration of citric acid and oxalic acid between 10 mM and 25 mM to require for the solution of adsorbed and precipitated P, respectively. In all, LMWOAs increased the concentration of labile P by decreasing the concentration of stable P. The results indicated that LMWOAs can significantly promote P availability in acidic forests soils, and the effect of microorganisms on soil available P was more inclined to use LMWOAs than glucose.