Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modeling and Characterization of the Spread of Chikungunya in Colombia

The Chikungunya virus is the cause of an emerging disease in Asia and Africa, and also in America, where the virus was first detected in 2006. In this paper, we present a mathematical model of the Chikungunya epidemic at the population level that incorporates the transmission vector. The epidemic threshold parameter R 0 for the extinction of disease is computed using the method of the next generation matrix, which allows for insights about what are the most relevant model parameters. Using Lyapunov function theory, some sufficient conditions for global stability of the the disease-free equilibrium are obtained. The proposed mathematical model of the Chikungunya epidemic is used to investigate and understand the importance of some specific model parameters and to give some explanation and understanding about the real infected cases with Chikungunya virus in Colombia for data belonging to the year 2015. In this study, we were able to estimate the value of the basic reproduction number R 0 . We use bootstrapping and Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques in order to study parameters’ identifiability. Finally, important policies and insights are provided that could help government health institutions in reducing the number of cases of Chikungunya in Colombia.
3D fusion between SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging and invasive coronary angiography to guide the treatment for patients with stable CAD

Objective: We evaluated the value of three-dimensional (3D) fusion of SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with invasive coronary angiography (ICA) to guide coronary revascularization for patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: A retrospective observational study of 621 patients who underwent SPECT MPI and ICA was conducted. Based on the location of perfusion deficit on SPECT MPI and stenosis on ICA, patients were classified into matched, unmatched, or normal groups via the fusion or side-by-side analysis. The treatments recommended by the fusion or side-by-side analysis were compared with those that the patients actually received. The treatment was defined as concordant if there was revascularization in concordance with the recommendation by the fusion or side-by-side analysis or if patient did not require revascularization; otherwise, it is classified as discordant. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as all-cause and cardiac death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring hospitalization or ICA, or unplanned revascularization. Results: Over a five-year follow-up, 15.9% of patients experienced MACE. The MACE rates in the fusion and side-by-side groups were 19.8% and 24.4% for matched findings, 14.4% and 14.0% for unmatched findings, and 7.2% and 8.2% for normal findings, respectively (P<0.01). Among the 366 patients with at least one vessel stenosis of >50%, those who received the treatment concordant with fusion had significantly better outcomes compared to those who did not (16.8% vs 27.0%, P<0.05), particularly in the sub-group with intermediate stenosis (stenosis: 50-80%) (10.8% vs 26.5%, P<0.01). The treatment concordant with fusion is an independent protective factor against MACE (HR:0.48, CI:0.28-0.83 P<0.01) while the treatment concordant with the side-by-side analysis is not. The concordant group showed a significantly higher lesion vessel rate in the left circumflex artery (LCX) (31.2% vs. 14.3%, P<0.01) compared to the discordant group as classified by fusion. Conclusions: 3D fusion before coronary revascularization can guide the treatment to improve outcomes among patients with known or suspected CAD, particularly those with intermediate stenosis.
Measurements of emission factors for primary carbonaceous particles from residential raw‐coal combustion in China

The emission factors (EFs) of particles and their carbonaceous fractions, including black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC), are measured for residential burning of coal‐chunks. Nine types of coals with wide‐ranged thermal maturities were used. Particulate emissions from coal‐stove are collected on quartz fiber filters through a dilution sampling system and analyzed for BC and OC by thermal‐optical method. The EFs of particulate matter, OC, and BC from bituminous coal burning are 16.77, 8.29, and 3.32 g/kg, respectively, on the basis of burned dry and ash‐free (daf) coal mass. They were much higher than those of anthracites, which are 0.78, 0.04, and 0.004 g/kg, respectively. Annual emission inventories of particles, OC, and BC from household coal burning are also estimated based on the EFs and coal consumption. The results of the calculations are 917.8, 477.7, and 128.4 gigagrams (Gg) for total particles, OC, and BC emitted in China during the year 2000.
Some problems of validation and testing of numerical air pollution models. Technical report No. 21

Uses of deterministic and stochastic models in air pollution modeling are reviewed briefly. An analysis of the problem of validation and testing of a general air pollution numerical model is developed, and the different diagnostic checks applied in the literature are discussed in order to identify a good validation procedure in this field. A simple numerical model for the short-term real-time forecasting of CO hourly values in the St. Louis, Missouri area was developed. (JGB)
The identification of pests and diseases of rice plants using sentinel-2 satellite imagery data at the end of the vegetative stage

One of the factors that affect production yield of cultivation crops, including rice plants, is pest/disease attacks. Various types of pests/diseases are often found in rice cultivation such as rats, stem borers and rice leaf folders. The damage caused by these pests/diseases can lead to production decreases and crop failure. To prevent an increase in pest infestation, monitoring can be carried out by employing remote sensing technologies such as Sentinel 2 satellite imagery. The identification of rice plant pests/diseases can be done using Vegetation Indices such as NDVI and NDRE, due to their sensitivity to plant chlorophyll. The purpose of this study was to identify infected pest and disease of rice plants in paddy fields by using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The methods of this study were spatial analysis and simple linear regression analysis, by looking at the relation between Vegetation Indices and rice productivity. The research results showed that based on the low value of NDVI and NDRE at the end of vegetative stage, some of rice fields were infected with pests and diseases. From field observation, it was found that the pests and diseases included rats, rice leaf folders, borers and blasts. Pests/diseases infestation in paddy fields lead to a low Vegetation Index value which results in low rice production. Comparing the NDVI and NDRE, NDRE was better in detecting pests and diseases due to its sensitivity to the plants’ chlorophyll.
Effect of drying and storage of corn seeds (Zea mays L.) on postharvest insect pest control in laboratory scales

Corn is one of the word’s most essential carbohydrate-producing food crops. In addition to being used as a staple food for most of the world’s population, corn seeds are also an essential component of animal feed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of drying and storage time on the presence of warehouse pest populations. The research method was carried out by drying corn seeds under sun exposure for 6 hours/day. The experiment consisted of four treatments, namely drying time repeated three times. Observations consisted of weight loss of corn seeds, the population of warehouse pests, and damage intensity. The results of the observations were then analyzed by statistical tests followed by a real difference test. The results showed that the weight of corn seeds decreased with the length of the drying process. Drying for 18 hours was effective in suppressing the presence of warehouse pests such as S. zeamais (197.67 adults) and T. castaneum (1.67 adults). Drying time in addition to affecting the presence of warehouse pests, also significantly affects the intensity of the attack. Drying for 24 hours has a lower damage rate (13.05%) when compared to other drying times.
The potential for the development of livestock commodities in supporting the availability of animal protein in South Sulawesi

The development of region-based livestock commodities is the first step and plays an important role in formulating regional food security policies derived from animal protein, particularly from the aspect of the availability of food derived from animal protein. This paper aimed to determine the potential for the development of superior livestock commodities to support the availability of animal protein based on the level of ability or regional potential of each region/district in South Sulawesi. This information can be used as a reference in determining the appropriate regional development method for the development of livestock commodities in South Sulawesi. The research method emphasizes the analysis of secondary data obtained from BPS South Sulawesi in 2021. To find out the present status and potential for the development of livestock commodities for each district, Location Quotient (LQ) analysis is used, using indicators of population size and production of livestock commodities. The conclusion potential for the development of livestock commodities is obtained, ducks, laying hens, and goats are the best livestock commodities in South Sulawesi because they have an LQ value of > 1 spread across 14 districts (ducks) and 13 districts (laying hens, goats), beef cattle commodity found in 12 districts, then there are native chicken and horse commodity with their distributed found in 11 districts. The highest potential for the development of livestock commodities was Gowa, Maros, and Selayar Islands Regencies.
Morphological characterization of three types of Asam gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis) at three altitude in North Sumatra

Asam gelugur fruit has economic value. The government’s reforestation program empowers farmers through planting asam gelugur seeds at 3 altitudes, The problem is that not all of asam gelugur trees produce fruit. Characterization of morphology needs to be carried out to obtain basic data for selecting prospective mother trees as a source of seed supply that guarantees reforestation trees bear fruit. This study aims to characterize the morphology of asam gelugur based on classification of local wisdom of farmers of North Sumatra, namely classifying Asam gelugur based on the success or failure of the pollination process followed by the formation of fruit at 3 altitudes. This study was conducted in three altitudes: lowlands 1-<400 m above sea level (asl), medium (400- < 800 m asl and highlands (800- 1300 mdpl), exploration using survey method with IPGRI Descriptor guide and purposively sampling. The results found three types of asam gelugur in North Sumatra: Female, Male and Shemale (muzzy) at the three altitudes. There is no effect of altitude on the morphological characters of the three types of asam gelugur, except for the sharpness of the leaves color of the shoots.People namely Female asam gelugur tree, if pollination is successful and produces fruit. the tree routinely produces fruit. The name of a tree that has never been successfully pollinated and never bears fruit is called a male tree.The shemale tree is called a tree whose pollination occurs sometimes successfully. There were five striking differences in the characteristics of the three types asam gelugur based on local wisdom. The different characteristics were the Character shape (canopy), the petal’s color, the shape fruit, the Color of the young leaves, and the thickness of the leaves.
Can neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio be used as a marker of fibrosis in chronic Hepatitis C ?

Background: It is reported that about 170-200 million people are chronically infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the world. In developed countries, about 25% of cirrhosis cases, one third of hepatocellular cancers, and 40% of all chronic hepatitis cases are caused by HCV. In this study, we want to determine the utility of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to predict the fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Methods: In our study NLR was prospectively investigated whether it can predict, or not the fibrosis on patients who diagnosed Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and underwent liver biopsy in July 2011 January 2013 by Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology. Results: 81 patients diagnosed with CHC and underwent liver biopsy were included in the study. Fibrosis and necroinflammatory activity in liver biopsy specimens was determined in accordance to Ishak fibrosis scoring system. All Ishak scores were re-scored according to France METAVIR Cooperative Study Group as Score 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. In such re-scored METAVIR scores, Score 0, 1, 2 were defined as low fibrosis and Score 3, 4 were defined as high fibrosis. 46 of 81 patients (% 57) were in low fibrosis group and 35 of them (43%) were in high fibrosis group. When Comparing the NLRs; it is seen that in low fibrosis group NLR was 2.09 and in high fibrosis group NLR was 1.72 (p=0.038). It is seen that AST predicts fibrosis because of AST/ALT ratio was higher due to increase in favor of AST especially in patients with cirrhosis. Furthermore, NLR predicts fibrosis with 60% sensitivity and 65.2 % specificity if cutt off value is taken as 1.77. Conclusion: According to our results, NLR can predicts the degree of liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease, despite it’s lower sensitivity and specificity.
CAN NEUTROPHIL/LYMPHOCYTE RATIO BE USED AS AN INDICATOR OF INFLAMMATION IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTHYROIDISM? DA LI SE ODNOS NEUTROFILA/LIMFOCITA MO@E KORISTITI KAO INDIKATOR UPALE

1University of Health Science, Keçiören Health Administration and Research Center, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey 2University of Health Science, Keçiören Health Administration and Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey 3University of Health Science, Keçiören Health Administration and Research Center, Department of Family Practice, Ankara, Turkey
Ordovician Graptolites of the Basin Ranges in California, Nevada, Utah, and Idaho

From introduction: This report presents a summary of the graptolite faunas of the Basin Ranges as known from the collections of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Departments of Geology of the University of California at Los Angeles and Utah State University. The collections were made in the period 1872-1958, but only a very small number of specimens have been described or illustrated in the 80 or so years elapsed.
Evaluation of the expression profile of mRNAs and lncRNAs in cumulus cells associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and pregnancy

Objective(s): Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the primary cause of anovulatory infertility in women, may change the gene expression profile of cumulus cells. In human ART (assisted reproductive technology), gene expression profiling in cumulus cells, a non-invasive method, may be used to identify the most competent oocytes. We aim to identify key genes according to the network-based data and assess the suitability of these genes as markers to predict oocyte competence and PCOS diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The GSE34526 microarray dataset was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The function and pathway enrichment analysis for DEGs were analyzed. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and candidate gene screening were conducted. A two-layer network consisting of mRNA and lncRNA was constructed. Expression levels of hub genes were verified using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: A total of 2721 DEGs were retained. The PPI network of selected genes associated with the biological process of “cell communication” was analyzed, and the first 10 key genes were determined by degree. Additionally, 2 hub genes and 2 hub lncRNAs, including STAT3, RHOA, GAS5, and LINC01116, were selected from the lncRNA-mRNA network. Finally, expression levels of STAT3, RHOA, GAS5, and LINC01116 were significantly increased in the cumulus cells of PCOS patients compared to the control group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in expression between the pregnant and non-pregnant groups. Conclusion: STAT3, RHOA, GAS5, and LINC01116 may serve as possible diagnostic markers for PCOS. However, further studies on a larger population are needed to validate this finding.
Does a coaxial double pigtail stent reduce adverse events after lumen apposing metal stent placement for pancreatic fluid collections? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Lumen apposing metal stents (LAMSs) have a higher clinical success rate for managing pancreatic fluid collections. But they are associated with adverse events (AEs) like bleeding, migration, buried stent, occlusion, and infection. It has been hypothesized that placing a double pigtail stent (DPS) within LAMS may mitigate these AEs. The present systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to compare the outcome and AEs associated with LAMS with or without a coaxial DPS (LAMS-DPS). Methods: A comprehensive literature search of three databases from January 2010 to August 2022 was conducted for studies comparing the outcome and AEs of LAMS alone and LAMS-DPS. Pooled incidence and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for all the dichotomous outcomes. Results: Overall, eight studies (n = 460) were included in the final analysis. The clinical success rate (RR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.87–1.14) and the risk of overall AEs (RR 1.60, 95% CI: 0.95–2.68) remained comparable between both groups. There was no difference in the risk of bleeding between LAMS alone and LAMS-DPS (RR 1.80, 95% CI: 0.83–3.88). Individual analysis of other AEs, including infection, stent migration, occlusion, and reintervention, showed no difference in the risk between both procedures. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis shows that coaxial DPS within LAMS may not reduce AE rates or improve clinical outcomes. Further larger studies, including patients with walled-off necrosis, are required to demonstrate the benefit of coaxial DPS within LAMS.
DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS AND APPENDICULAR PERFORATION: EVALUATION OF PLATELET INDICES AND RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH AS EMERGING BIOMARKERS

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency worldwide. Recent studies on hematological inflammatory markers concerning acute appendicitis have shown variable results. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate pre-operative values of platelet indices such as mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW), and red cell distribution width (RDW) in relation to the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and their efficacy as predictors of appendicular perforation. METHODS: A prospective observational study of 190 patients diagnosed with appendicitis and who underwent an appendectomy was undertaken and confirmed histopathologically. Preoperatively, blood samples of white blood cells (WBCs), platelet count, MPV, PDW, and RDW were analyzed using a Sysmex XN1000 analyzer machine. RESULTS: Of 190 patients, 169 had acute appendicitis, and 21 had perforated appendicitis. The mean age of patients was 28.04 ± 14.2 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1. The WBC (p<0.05), MPV (p<0.05), and PDW (p<0.05) were found to have higher statistically significant values in acute appendicitis and perforated appendicitis compared to the RDW (p>0.05). However, perforated appendicitis had a higher RDW value compared to acute appendicitis, which can be a predictive factor. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated value of MPV and PDW associated with leukocytosis can be used as supportive evidence for the clinical and radiological diagnosis of acute appendicitis and appendicular perforation. Thus, these values can be used as diagnostic cost-effective inflammatory biomarkers.
Neogene stratigraphy and structure of the Dixon area

Purpose The purpose of this study was to map and analyze the Neogene stratigraphy and structure of the Dixon area, New Mexico. Special attention was focused on the petrography, facies relationships, and provenance of units within the Santa Fe Group that had not been studied previously. Also, detailed mapping was intended to permit a better understanding of the structural history of the Espanola basin. The Dixon area was chosen because preliminary reconnaissance suggested that detailed work would be of considerable help in determining the Tertiary basin evolution, and because it lies between areas mapped by Manley (1977) Muehlberger (1979). This paper originates from the author9s University of New Mexico M.S. thesis (Steinpress, 1980). Location and Access The Dixon area is located approximately 55 km north of Santa Fe in north-central New Mexico (Fig. 1). The map area (Fig. 2) includes approximately 67 km 2 (that portion of T. 23 N., R. 10 E. south of the Rio Grande and the six northernmost sections of T. 22 N., R. 10 E. The area includes exceptionally good exposures of Tertiary sedimentary rocks. The map boundary on the east (township line) was chosen to exclude areas to the east underlain mostly by Precambrian rocks. The southern boundary (southern section lines of sections 1 6, through T. 22 N., R. 10E) was chosen to give a slight overlap with Manley9s (1977) map area. The western and northern boundaries (township lines and the Rio. Grande, respectively) were chosen to exclude areas where the Tertiary sedimentary rocks were largely covered by basalt and landslide debris. Excellent access is provided by U. S. Route 68 and State Route 75. Dirt roads and jeep trails provide additional access along several major arroyos.
Diagnostic values of serum BNP, PTX3, and VEGF in acute pulmonary embolism complicated by pulmonary artery hypertension and their correlations with severity of pulmonary artery hypertension

This paper aimed to unveil the diagnostic values of serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in acute pulmonary embolism complicated by pulmonary artery hypertension (APE‐PAH) and their correlations with severity of PAH.
A new formulation of Stokes’ approach in determining the global gravimetric geoid

According to Stokes’ approach, given the gravity anomaly on the geoid as the boundary, a disturbing potential function satisfying some boundary conditions should be solved. The basic requirement is that the disturbing potential function should be harmonic in the region outside the geoid. However, since the normal gravity potential is not defined inside the reference ellipsoid (taking the WGS84 ellipsoid as an example), when the geoid is below the ellipsoidal surface, the disturbing potential function is not harmonic in the whole region outside the geoid, and is not defined on the whole geoid itself. These are theoretical difficulties in Stokes’ approach. To remove these difficulties from Stokes’ approach, this study provides a new formulation of Stokes’ approach. An inner ellipsoid with four fundamental parameters is chosen, two of which, the geocentric gravitational constant and the rotational angular velocity, coincide with the corresponding parameters of the WGS84 ellipsoid. The other two parameters, the semi-major axis and flattening, are different from the corresponding ones of the ellipsoid. Then, the normal gravity potential generated by the inner ellipsoid is determined, by requiring that it holds a constant on the surface of the inner ellipsoid or on the surface of the ellipsoid. With this new formulation, the disturbing potential function is harmonic in the whole region outside the geoid, and the difficulties in Stokes’ approach disappear. The new formulation proposed in this study is also adequate for analogous geodetic boundary-value problems.