Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global sensitivity analysis of hydrologic processes in major snow‐dominated mountainous river basins in Colorado

The performance of watershed models in simulating stream discharge depends on the adequate representation of important watershed processes. In snow‐dominated systems, snow, surface and subsurface hydrologic processes comprise a complex network of nonlinear interactions that influence the magnitude and timing of discharge. This study aims to identify critical processes and interactions that control discharge hydrographs in five major mountainous snow‐dominated river basins in Colorado, USA. A comprehensive watershed model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) and a variance‐based global sensitivity analysis technique (Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test) were used in conjunction to identify critical models parameters and processes that they represent. Average monthly streamflow and streamflow root mean square error over a period of 20 years were used as two separate objective functions in this analysis. Examination of the sensitivity of monthly streamflow revealed the influence of parameters on flow volume, whereas the sensitivity of streamflow root mean square error also exposed the influence of parameters on the timing of the hydrographs. A stability analysis was performed to investigate the computational requirements for a robust sensitivity analysis. Results show that streamflow volume is mostly influenced by shallow subsurface processes, whereas interactions between groundwater and snow processes were the key in the timing of streamflows. A large majority of important parameters were common among all study watersheds, which underlies the prospect for regionalization of process‐based hydrologic modelling in headwater river basins in Colorado. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health literacy and health behaviors of Guinean university students residing in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the health literacy and health behaviors of Guinean university students residing in Brazil. METHOD A cross-sectional, analytical study conducted with 51 Guinean university students residing in Brazil. A health behavior questionnaire and the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults - Short version were applied. Spearman correlation coefficient, U of Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis were calculated. RESULTS Health literacy was adequate (median=79; IQR=24). Reading comprehension (median=70; IQR=16) of health information was better than numerical comprehension (median=14; IQR=14). Better health literacy performance was found in those with daily screen time of 3 to 5 hours (p=0.004) and who consumed fatty meat (p=0.002). CONCLUSION Adequate health literacy of Guinean university students was associated with mostly healthy behaviors, except for screen time and consumption of fatty meat.
The Contribution of Non-Use Values to Inform the Management of Groundwater Systems: The Rokua Esker, Northern Finland

Rokua in Northern Finland is a groundwater dependent ecosystem very sensitive to climate change and natural variability. As such, the water level of most of the lakes is a function of the level of the groundwater table of the esker which is naturally recharged. The management of an ecosystem like this is very challenging and complex because of the many associated use and non-use values. The scope of this study is to expose, apart from the use values, the nonmarket values attached to the ecosystems services of groundwater systems and reveal their importance. In particular, this chapter illustrates the contribution of stated preference methods to orient policy making and presents results from an application of a choice experiment and contingent valuation method regarding ground water quantity. General public�s elicited values highlight the importance of water management policy which contributes to the sustainability of groundwater dependent ecosystems. Importantly results highlight the need to broaden the policy options beyond the consideration of market and use values of groundwater systems. Instead these systems should be considered as part of the broader ecosystems and broader services considered in decision making.
Usefullness of Heparin Calibrated Anti-Xa Activity to Assess Anticoagulant Activity of Apixaban and Rivaroxaban in Emergency Patients Scheduled for Acute Interventions

(1) Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) require monitoring in some critical clinical situations. The specific tests for DOAC monitoring are not yet available in all labs. The aim of this study was to evaluate if a unique, more widespread heparin-calibrated anti-Xa assay could be suitable to estimate the concentrations of apixaban and rivaroxaban in order to establish an algorithm helping our clinicians in their therapeutic decision for patients treated with DOACs in emergencies. (2) Methods: A first retrospective part allowed us to determine of a conversion factor between the measured DOAC concentration and the deducted anti-Xa heparin activity based on optic density. During the second prospective part, both DOAC concentration (ng/mL) and anti-Xa activity heparin (UI/mL) were measured on the same sample, and the previously determined conversion factor was applied to each UI/mL value. We then compared the calculated and measured DOAC concentration values. (3) Results: The analysis of the derivation cohort confirmed a good correlation, especially between the anti-Xa heparin activity and the apixaban concentrations (r = 0.97). Additionally, we determined heparin-calibrated anti-Xa assay cut-offs for invasive procedures at 0.3 UI/mL and for intravenous thrombolysis at 0.51 UI/mL using ROC curves with a sensitivity at 98% and specificity at 95% for 0.3 UI/mL and a sensitivity at 97.7% and specificity at 88.2% for the cut-off of 0.51 UI/mL. In the validation cohort, we confirmed the agreement between measured and calculated DOAC concentrations for the low values, especially around cut-offs with an excellent negative predictive value for 0.51 UI/mL (94% for apixaban and 100% for rivaroxaban) and a good negative predictive value for 0.3 UI/mL (83.3% for apixaban and 85.7% for rivaroxaban). (4) Conclusions: Our results confirm that it is possible to correctly predict or exclude the presence of apixaban/rivaroxaban in emergency situations when specific tests are not readily available.
Examination of Self-reversal due to N-type Magnetization in Basalt

Summary The so-called ‘N’-type thermomagnetic curve, which has been reported by Schult has been observed on very small portions of a hand specimen of Kozuike basalt outcropping in South-west Japan. This specimen exhibits the phenomenon of self-reversal of magnetization below room temperature. As experimentally determined internal field associated with the reversal (∼2000 Oe) is far stronger than that of magneto-static interaction between two phases, this self-reversal is supposed to be caused by N-type magnetization. On the basis of the experiments carried out such an ‘N’-type magnetization curve can well be explained by the possible coexistence of two different non-stoichiometric titanomagnetite phases, N- and P-type.
PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ CRITICAL SELF-REFLECTION IN MICROTEACHING CONTEXT AT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED SCIENCIES – RUSTAQ, OMAN

Being reflective is one of the required skills in the 21st century era; however, the concept has been researched since its inception by John Dewey (1859-1952) whose famous observation stated that “we do not learn from experience. We learn from reflecting on experience”. This study aims to find out pre-service teachers’ self- reflection patterns in one of the practicum courses at the University of Technology and Applied Sciences (UTAS), Rustaq, Oman. It is more specifically contextualized in a microteaching session where the pre-service teachers are required to teach their peers and then self-reflect on their own teaching performances. Pre-service teachers had to teach twice. It is found that the pre-service teachers do not sufficiently self-reflect on their performances; thus, there is not much improvement in their second teaching lesson. It is important, therefore, as teacher educators to enlighten ELT pre-service teachers about self-reflection based on a rigorous model. Benchmarking Gibbs’ (1998) comprehensive model of reflective cycle to the existing form of self-reflection, the findings show that they provide more descriptive than critical self-reflection for a number of significant reasons. Thus, the study urges the use of an effective and rigorous model in practicum courses such as Gibbs’ model.
Three-dimensional visualization of the vascular bundle in a branched bamboo node

Bamboo is a natural vascular bundle (VB) reinforced composite material used in more than 10 fields such as construction and furniture. The nodes in bamboo are crucial to its mechanical properties, but understanding of its performance is limited by lack of knowledge about the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the node. This work aimed to non-destructively identify the multi-dimensional characteristics of the VB in a bamboo branched node (BN) using X-ray microtomography (µCT). The VB was segmented from the BN using deep learning combined with the Watershed algorithm. The 3D model reconstruction and characterization of the VB were also conducted. It was found that the structure of VBs showed significant changes along the height of the BN. The VBs formed a complex 3D structure, VBs of the culm are connected with those of the branch, and the connectivity of the conducting tissue and fibers was 88.91% and 99.95%, respectively. The conducting tissue and the fibers had similar shapes but varying thicknesses, which enabled VBs to perform both water transport and mechanical support functions. The volumes fraction of parenchyma, fibers, and conducting tissue in the BN were 61.3%, 35.3%, and 3.4%, respectively, but the tissue proportion of the different heights of the BN varied from each other. The nodal ridge was a mechanical weak point of the BN, with a maximum fibers proportion of 43.8%. This study contributes to understanding the relationship of VBs between the branch and the culm. It provides a structural perspective for understanding the mechanical properties of BN and a theoretical basis for optimizing bamboo utilization efficiency.
On the mechanical behaviour of dredged submarine clayey sediments stabilized with lime or cement

This paper presents the preliminary results of experimental research into the stabilization of clayey sediments dredged from the Port of Taranto (Italy) with cement and (or) lime. First, the physical properties of the natural sediments are briefly described and compared with those of the same sediments when treated with different additives and cured up to 4 years. In particular, the effect of the treatment on the soil plasticity properties is originally analyzed in terms of plasticity paths. Then, the influence of the different stabilizing agents on the compression behaviour of the dredged soil is analyzed and methods for quickly predicting the admixed-soil behaviour are presented.
Effects of Season and Agro Ecology on the Nutritional Quality of Browse Species for the Dromedary Camels (Camelus Dromedarius) in Borana Plateau, Southern Ethiopia

The nutritional value of browsing species is being affected, camel movement is being disrupted, and camel feed resources appear to be being substantially degraded by climate change and its variations. This study explores the effects of season and location on the composition of nutrients and in vitro dry matter digestibility of the main browse species utilized as camel feed. Using an ANOVA model. Lannea rivae had an average DM content of 87.23% while Acacia brevispica had a range of 95.58%. There are no statistically significant variations (p>0.05) in the ash content of browsing species, which ranges from 2.56% in Acacia mellifera to 18.66% in Grewia evolute. The CP content of Lannea rivae in Maerua triphylla ranged from 6.19% to 27.24%. During the wet season, there is a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). On the other hand, Grewia evolute's CP contents varied from 24.56% to 10.44%, showing a significant difference (p<0.05). The results showed that Acacia etabaica had an NDF content that ranged from 25.63% to 72.10% Lannea rivae. Lannea rivae had the greatest ADF content (30.53%), and Grewia tembensis had the lowest (8.20%), with the difference being statistically significant (p<0.05). Grewia villosa in Lannea rivae had an ADL content that ranged from 2.82% to 15.86%. There is a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) during the dry season. During the wet season, the NDF concentration of Maerua triphylla in Boscia mossambicensis varied from 38.33% to 62.43%. The lowest ADF content was found in Acacia etabaica (22.47%), while the highest was found in Boscia mossambicensis (42.56%). The distinction is statistically significant (p<0.001). Grewia evolute contained 2.82% to 15.86% Acacia tortilis ADL. During the dry season, Dichrostachys cinerea had the lowest cellulose concentration (3.68%), whereas Euphorbia nubica had the greatest (18.77%). The study's conclusions indicate that the location is irrelevant. NDF, ADF, and ADL fiber fractions and chemical composition (DM, Ash, and CP) did not differ substantially (P<0. 05). The effects of location and season on the chemical and fiber compositions and nutritional value of browse species for dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) are clarified by this study. To identify other variables that affect the nutritional composition of browsing species, more investigation is required.
Structured elves: Modulation by convectively generated gravity waves

We report on a markedly striated elve (Emissions of Light and Very Low Frequency Perturbations due to Electromagnetic Pulse Source) (a “tiger elve”) observed using an intensified high‐speed Phantom camera system at the Yucca Ridge Field Station near Fort Collins, Colorado, on the night of 12 June 2013. This elve was induced by a 204 kA positive cloud‐to‐ground lightning flash within a mesoscale convective system in western South Dakota. A halo and a sprite followed the elve. The banded structure in the elve was aligned with convectively generated gravity waves (CGGWs) independently observed by a collocated color near‐infrared camera. Assuming the height of the OH layer and elve both to be 85 km, photogrammetry allowed projection of the elve and the CGGWs onto the same geographic map. The tiger elve stripes approximately overlay on the troughs (dark bands) of CGGWs. This is consistent with model predictions that the ionization rate in the D region ionosphere is inversely proportional to the air density, which is modulated by the CGGWs.
PERCEIVED EASE OF USE AND PERCEIVED USEFULNESS ON THE INTENTION TO USE E-TICKETING FOOTBALL

Currently, the sphere of sports is continuously expanding in Indonesia. E-ticketing has made it possible for fans to quickly and easily purchase tickets to soccer matches thanks to advances in technology and information. Some studies have found that the ability to distribute tickets rapidly and efficiently is one of the e-greatest ticketing benefits. The goal of this study is to evaluate how soccer fans' perceptions of the ease and advantages of ticket purchasing influence their willingness to make those purchases. Subjects in this study are the 120 football fans who regularly attend PSIS Semarang games in International Stadium Jatidiri Semarang. This study also has a quantitative component. The analysis that is used is a multivariate regression. This study shows that a minimal number of soccer fans still prefer to purchase tickets online. In addition, the study found that (1) ease of usei has a positive impact on perceived usefulness of e-ticketing, (2) ease of use has no effect on the intention to use e-ticketing, and (3) perceived usefulness of e-ticketing have a positive impact on the intention to use e-ticketing.
Assessing Anhedonia in Adolescents: The Psychometric Properties and Validity of the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale

Adolescent anhedonia is a multidimensional construct defined as the loss of enjoyment or pleasure across multiple domains of life. Anhedonia is concurrently associated with substantial impairment and distress, and it prospectively predicts the onset, severity, and treatment of depression. Despite its demonstrated importance, a limited number of anhedonia measures are validated for adolescents. The current study assessed the psychometric properties of the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS) in 400 English-speaking, 12- to 19-year-old adolescents. Overall, the DARS demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity, but sub-optimal concurrent validity. The strengths and limitations of the DARS and its utility as a measure of adolescent anhedonia are discussed. Furthermore, future directions for the construction of measures of adolescent anhedonia are outlined.
Effects of Low Water Temperature on Longshore Sediment Transport on a Subarctic Beach, Hudson Bay, Canada

Abstract Measurements of longshore sand transport, wave breaker height, longshore current velocity, and water temperature and salinity were carred out on a subarctic beach under varying water temperature conditions during summer and fall. Water temperature during summer varied from 9°C to 17°C, while temperature ranged from −1.75°C to 1.25°C during the fall experiments. During periods with low water temperatures, considerably higher rates in both bedload and suspended sediment transport were observed compared with the results obtained during summer with similar wave heights and current velocities. The increase in suspended sediment transport associated with low water temperatures is likely due to lower sediment fall velocities resulting from significant increases in fluid kinematic viscosity, which ranged from 1.1 to 1.37 × 10−6 m2 s−1 in summer and from 1.74 to 1.92 × 10−6 m2 s−1 in the fall. Less but still significant increase in bedload sediment transport in cold water is interpreted to be the result of temperature-induced variations in fluid viscosity that affect turbulence and boundary layer dynamics as well as bed configuration. Frazil ice occurred on some occasions during the fall experiments, but with the small number of samples collected when frazil ice crystals were present in the water column, it was not possible to establish a relationship between sediment transport rates and the presence or absence of ice. Our results nevertheless indicate that in cold climate regions extremely low water temperatures may cause a substantial increase of coastal sediment transport.
Primatas da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Água Boa, Cacoal, Rondônia, Brasil

O conhecimento da fauna de primatas do Estado de Rondônia, o qual está inserido no “arco do desmatamento” (Ferreira et al., 2005), é escasso (Ferrari et al, 1996; van Roosmalen et al., 2002). Segundo van Roosmalen et al. (2002), os fragmentos florestais da região podem abrigar até nove espécies. Neste estudo realizamos um levantamento dos primatas habitantes de um fragmento de floresta de terra firme, a Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Água Boa.
Network mapping of root-microbe interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana

Understanding how plants interact with their colonizing microbiota to determine plant phenotypes is a fundamental question in modern plant science. Existing approaches for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are based on the association analysis between host genes and the abundance of individual microbes, failing to characterize the genetic architecture of microbial interactions that are thought to a determinant of microbiota structure, organization, and function. Here, we implement a behavioral model to quantify various patterns of microbe-microbe interactions, i.e., mutualism, antagonism, aggression, and altruism, and map host genes that modulate microbial networks constituted by these interaction types. We reanalyze a root-microbiome data involving 179 accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana and find that the four networks differ structurally in the pattern of bacterial-fungal interactions and microbiome complexity. We identify several fungus and bacterial hubs that play a central role in mediating microbial community assembly surrounding A. thaliana root systems. We detect 1142 significant host genetic variants throughout the plant genome and then implement Bayesian networks (BN) to reconstruct epistatic networks involving all significant SNPs and find 91 hub QTLs. Gene annotation shows that a number of the hub genes detected are biologically relevant, playing roles in plant growth and development, resilience against pathogens, root development, and improving resistance against abiotic stress conditions. The new model allows us to better understand the underlying mechanisms that govern the relationships between plants and their entire microbiota and harness soil microbes for plant production.
STREAMBED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY FOR RIVERS IN SOUTH‐CENTRAL NEBRASKA 1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents hydraulic conductivities of streambeds measured in three rivers in south‐central Nebraska: the Platte, Republican, and Little Blue Rivers. Unlike traditional permeameter tests in streams that determine only the vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv), the extended permeameter methods used in this study can measure K in both vertical and horizontal as well as oblique directions. As a result, the anisotropy of channel sediments can be determined from streambed tests of similar sediment volumes. Sandy streambeds with occasional silt/clay layers exist in the Republican and Platte Rivers. The average Kv values range from about 15 to 47 m/day for the sandy streambed and about 1.6 m/day for the silt/clay layers. Statistical analyses indicated that the Kv values of sand and gravel in the Platte and Republican Rivers essentially have the same mean; but the Kv values from the Little Blue River have a statistically different mean. Kv is about four times smaller than the horizontal hydraulic conductivity (Kh) for the top 40 cm of sandy streambed. Measured Kh values of the sandy streambed are in the same magnitude as the Kh of the alluvial aquifer determined using pumping tests. The smaller Kv value in the whole aquifer is the result of interbedded layers of silt and clay within the sand and gravel sediments.