Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What is the visual behaviour and attentional effort of football players in different positions during a real 11v11 game? A pilot study

Background Visual perception has been defined as the first step to a football player’s decision-making process and it plays an important role in performance in sport. The skill of focussing to prioritize relevant cues has been also considered crucial in sport. This pilot study aims to explore the visual behaviour and attentional effort of three football players (mean age 19 ± 0 years old) in specific-role positions; Right-winger (RW), Centre-Midfielder (CM) and Left-Back (LB), in the five seconds before receiving the ball from their teammate. Methods Twenty-two male football players performed an 11v11 game, where 24 game sequences (trials) from which 166 fixations were recorded and analysed via the Tobii Pro eye-movement registration glasses and software. The gaze behaviour dependent variables were the mean of fixation duration (FD), time to first fixation (TTF), both measured in milliseconds (ms), and the number of fixations (NF) on eight areas of interest (AOIs). AOIs include teammate with and without the ball, opponent without the ball, space around teammate with and without the ball, space around opponent without the ball, ball and undefined. The mean pupil diameter (PD) correlates to the attentional effort and was measured in millimetres (mm). Results Descriptive statistics showed nonregular search rate data between the participants in FD, TTF, NF on the AOIs. Mean FD on the ball: (CM, 270 ms), (RW, 570 ms), (CM, 380 ms). They also presented differences in the mean PD during play; (CM: 2.90 mm ± 0.26), (RW: 2.74 mm ± 0.30), (LB 2.77mm ± 0.27). Conclusions Albeit the sample size was small, the findings demonstrated a promising way to measure the on-field perceptual-cognitive abilities of football players according to their specific positions, since different playing roles revealed to present distinctive visual and attentional patterns. This could potentially assist in tailoring players ‘visual and focus training.
Seroprevalence of COVID-19 antibodies in babies born to COVID positive or suspected mothers and their outcome

Background & Objective: COVID-19 infection has been the most researched topic since its emergence in 2019. Little is known about the vertical transmission of this disease and its effects on the babies of the infected mothers in our country. We evaluated the antibody titers of babies born to COVID-19 positive or suspected COVID mothers and observed the immediate and short-term outcome of such babies. We share our experience of 43 babies born to known or suspected COVID positive mothers in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the departments of gynecology/obstetrics and the pediatrics of Memon Medical Institute Hospital, Karachi. Cases delivered during December 2020 till May 2021 were included in this study. Mothers known or suspected COVID positive were included and their newborn babies were screened for antibody titer. Babies were followed up for any sign of the disease for six months. Results: Out of a total of 547 deliveries conducted in our hospital during the study period, PCR test was performed amongst 43 suspected mothers and 41 (95.34%) came out to be positive on PCR, while two mothers had antibodies in their blood, so were included in the study. The antibody titer was positive in 17 (39.53%) of babies of all PCR positive mothers, and 41.46% of the babies of all confirmed COVID positive mothers. Conclusion: The results of our study conclude that the babies of a fair proportion of all the COVID affected women exhibited a good antibody response, and no disease manifestation was noticed in them for six months after birth. Key words: COVID-19; Vertical transmission; Antibody titers Citation: Aijaz N, Bham SQ, Hassan F, Huda N, Kauser S, Sharif UHA. Seroprevalence of COVID-19 antibodies in babies born to COVID positive or suspected mothers and their outcome. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(3):332−337. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i3. 2003 Received: September 19, 2022; Reviewed: November 30, 2022; Accepted: April 4, 2023
What to Expect from a Poem? The Primacy of Rhyme in College Students’ Conceptions of Poetry

W e report results from an exploratory study of college students’ conceptions of poetry in which we asked them to name three things they expect from a poem 1 . Frequency- and list-based analyses of their responses revealed that they primarily expect poems to rhyme, but they also identified a number of form-, content-, and reception-related genre expectations, which we discuss in relation to relevant previous research. We propose that rhyme’s predominance in college students’ genre expectations reflects its perceptual and cognitive salience during incremental poetry comprehension rather than its frequency in contemporary poetic practice. Our results characterize the genre conceptions of the population that empirical studies of poetry comprehension typically investigate, and thus provide relevant background information for the interpretation of empirical findings in this field.
LMPT: A Novel Authenticated Data Structure to Eliminate Storage Bottlenecks for High Performance Blockchains

—We present the Layered Merkle Patricia Trie (LMPT), a performant storage data structure for processing transactions in high-throughput systems when compared to traditional Merkle Patricia Tries used in Ethereum clients. LMPTs keep smaller intermediary tries in memory to alleviate read and write amplification from high-latency disk storage. As an additional feat, they also allow for the I/O and transaction verifier threads to be scheduled in parallel and independently. LMPTs can ultimately reduce significant I/O traffic that happens on the critical path of transaction processing. Empirical results show that LMPTs can process up to × 6 more transactions per second on real-life ERC20 smart contract workloads when compared to existing Ethereum clients.
AEX-Notify: Thwarting Precise Single-Stepping Attacks through Interrupt Awareness for Intel SGX Enclaves

Intel ® Software Guard Extensions (Intel ® SGX) supports the creation of shielded enclaves within unprivileged processes. While enclaves are architecturally protected against malicious system software, Intel SGX’s privileged attacker model could potentially expose enclaves to new powerful side-channel attacks. In this paper, we consider hardware-software co-design countermeasures to an important class of single-stepping attacks that use privileged timer interrupts to precisely step through enclave execution exactly one instruction at a time, as supported, e.g., by the open-source SGX-Step framework. This is a powerful deterministic attack primitive that has been employed in a broad range of high-resolution Intel SGX attacks, but so far remains unmitigated. We propose AEX-Notify, a ﬂexible hardware ISA extension that makes enclaves interrupt aware : enclaves can register a trusted handler to be run after an interrupt or exception. AEX-Notify can be used as a building block for implementing countermeasures against different types of interrupt-based attacks in software. With our primary goal to thwart deterministic single-stepping, we ﬁrst diagnose the underlying hardware behavior to determine the root cause that enables it. We then apply the learned insights to remove this root cause by building an efﬁcient software handler and constant-time dis-assembler to transparently determine and atomically prefetch the working set of the next enclave application instruction. The ISA extension we propose in this paper has been incorporated into a revised version of the Intel SGX speciﬁcation.
The Effect of Combination between Cryolipolysis and Aerobic Exercise in Reducing Abdominal Adiposity Inobese Subject

Background: Cryolipolysis is a treatment option for subjects looking for noninvasive body contouring. Combination between cryolipolysis and aerobic exercise has a significance effect on the reduction of localized fat. Purpose: To examine the impact of combining cryolipolysis with aerobic activity and a calorie-restricted diet on the waist-to-hip ratio and the skin fold of subcutaneous abdominal fat in obese people. Subjects and Method s : This was a pretest-posttest randomized controlled clinical study. Forty overweight patients were split evenly into two groups. Patients in group A (control) were instructed to follow a low-calorie diet and engage in aerobic exercise, while participants in group B of the trial were given cryolipolysis sessions in combination to the control group's diet. Assessment of patients was done before and after treatment to measure waist‐to‐hip ratio (W/H) as well as abdominal skin fold. Results: Mixed MANOVA was performed to examine the effect of treatment on skin fold and (W/H) ratio. The skin fold and waist to hip (W/H) ratio data collected from both groups before and after treatment were compared statistically. There was a substantial effect of reduction in skin fold and waist-hip ratio of group B as compared to group A post treatment (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Patients who underwent cryolipolysis and aerobic exercise with low caloric diet program exhibited considerable improvement in skin fold of abdominal subcutaneous fat also waist-hip ratio improved the systemic effects of cryolipolysis contrasted to those who were kept on a diet as well as aerobic exercise.
Real Effects of Non-Concurrent Guidance from Accounting and Prudential Regulators: Evidence from CECL

This paper examines the real effects of non-concurrent guidance from accounting standard setters and prudential regulators. Using the recent introduction of the Current Expected Credit Losses (CECL) standard, we examine whether uncertainty due to the lack of concurrent guidance from accounting standard setters and bank regulators on the implementation and implications of CECL had counterproductive real effects. We hypothesize and find that banks significantly reduce loan amounts and offer stricter loan terms for affected loan facilities during the uncertainty period compared to those of unaffected loan facilities. Furthermore, we show that the uncertainty period’s reduced credit supply adversely affects investments for firms dependent exclusively on banks compared to those with term loans from both banks and other lenders. Cross-sectional tests based on the frequency of borrowing and financial constraints show that the effect is stronger for exclusive bank-dependent firms. The findings indicate that nonconcurrence of guidance from different regulatory agencies may affect the smooth functioning of affected economic entities.
Evaluating and Enhancing the Robustness of Math Word Problem Solvers

In the recent past, math word problem solvers have received wide attention from the NLP community at large. With the advancement of deep learning techniques, solvers have started to show better performance than traditional rule based semantic parsing techniques. Standard accuracy metrics have shown that math word problem solvers have achieved high performance on benchmark datasets. However, these performances are based on datasets that have limited problem statements and equation templates, thus providing very limited diversity and a low probability of generalization on different word problems for practical purposes. Hence, the extent to which existing MWP solvers truly understand natural language problem statements and its relationship with numerical quantities is still unclear. In this work, we first generate adversarial attacks to evaluate the robustness of state-of-the-art MWP solvers. We propose two methods Question Reordering and Sentence Paraphrasing to generate adversarial attacks. We conduct experiments across three neural MWP solvers over two benchmark datasets. On average, our attack method is able to reduce the accuracy of MWP solvers by over 40 percentage points on these datasets. Our results demonstrate that existing MWP solvers are sensitive to linguistic variations in the problem text. We verify the validity and quality of generated adversarial examples through human evaluation. These results showcase that math word solvers do not generalize well and rely on superficial cues to achieve high performance. Next, we conduct experiments to showcase that this behaviour is mainly associated with the limited size and diversity present in existing MWP datasets. We modify the problem statements by altering the text in different settings such that either the problem statement does not make much sense or no question has been asked in the problem statement. The preliminary results from these analysis did not show significant drop in accuracy metric as was expected. Then, we propose several data augmentation techniques broadly categorized into Substitution and Paraphrasing based methods to mitigate the issues found by our analysis. By deploying data augmentation methods we increase the size of existing datasets by five folds. Extensive experiments on two benchmark datasets across three state-of-the-art MWP solvers show that the proposed methods increase the generalization and robustness of existing solvers. On average, the proposed methods significantly increase the state-of-the-art results by over five percentage points on benchmark datasets. Further, the solvers trained on the augmented dataset performs comparatively better on the challenge test set. We also show the effectiveness of proposed techniques through ablation studies and verify the quality of augmented samples through human evaluation.
$\mathcal{N}=1$ AdS$_4$ sourceless vacua in type IIB

In this paper, we are looking for $\mathcal{N}=1$, AdS$_4$ sourceless vacua in type IIB. While several examples exist in type IIA , there exists only one example of such vacua in type IIB . Thanks to the framework of generalized geometry we were able to devise a semi-algorithmical method to look for sourceless vacua. We present this method, which can easily be generalized to more complex cases, and give two new sourceless vacua in type IIB.
Ocular Comorbidities in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Background : Uveitis is the most widespread and serious extra-articular sign of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), which is the most prevalent rheumatic condition in children. Despite more effective treatment options, the prevalence of JIA illness remains high, making it so difficult to assess the disease's outcomes—especially if extra-articular symptoms are present. The maintenance of sight and effective care depend on early detection. Objective: The aim of the current study was to scan the eyes of kids with JIA in order to find any ocular symptoms as soon as possible and stop any problems that could result in blindness and vision loss. Patients and methods: The study included 97 children who have JIA of both sexes, their age was under 16. All patients were underwent to a clinical examination (general, musculoskeletal, and ophthalmic examination), as well as laboratory testing (ESR, RF, ANA, HLA-B27, and CRP). Results: Ocular complications of JIA were significant (P<0.05) in uveitis group compared with group without uveitis regarding synechia, macular edema, keratopathy, glaucoma, and mild visual impairment. Correlation showed that disease severity (JDAS 27) is independent risk factors affecting uveitis (r=0.7353, P=0.001). Other risk factors like disease duration, age, JIA subtype and anterior chamber cells as well as CRP and ESR, TLC, and ANA positivity were significantly correlated with uveitis (r=0.976 P=0.032, r=0.728 P=0.014, r=0.932 P=0.042, r=0.963 P=0.026, r=0.854 P=0.045, r=0.768 P=0.036, r=0.697 P=0.057, r=0.719 P=0.019, consecutively). Conclusion: JIA-related uveitis might have disastrous consequences. Today, clinical and demographic criteria have been used largely to estimate the risk of developing uveitis in JIA patients. To uncover patient-specific risk variables, recent studies employed molecular proteomic and cellular phenotyping techniques.
Circulating natural killer cells and their association with breast cancer and its clinico-pathological characteristics

Purpose Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in cancer immunosurveillance and hold promise as both therapies and prognostic markers in advanced disease. We explore factors that may influence NK cell concentration in the peripheral blood of women with breast cancer in Côte d’Ivoire compared to healthy controls and implications for future research in our context. Methods In this cross-sectional case-control study, blood samples were taken from 30 women diagnosed with breast cancer within 6 months of diagnosis and fifteen healthy women at University Teaching Hospital [Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU)] Treichville in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, from March to September 2018. The blood draw could take place at any time following diagnosis and through treatment. Demographic and clinical data were collected. NK cells were isolated, stained, analysed and counted using the flow cytometer at the Department of Immunology at CHU of Cocody. All p-values were two-sided. Results Mean age among 30 women with breast cancer was 49 years old compared to 45 years old for 15 controls (p = 0.41). Among 30 women with breast cancer, 4 (13.3%) had Stage 2 disease, 14 (46.7 %) at Stage 3, and 12 (40%) at Stage 4. Fourteen (46.7%) had breast cancer that was hormone receptor-positive (HR+) HER2-negative, 10 (33.3%) had triple-negative cancer, three (10.0%) had HR+HER2+ disease, and three (10.0%) HR-HER2+ cancer. NK cell concentration was not associated with cancer diagnosis, age, cancer stage, subtype, or type of treatment patients received (p > 0.05). Conclusion Although we did not find an association between NK cell concentration, cancer characteristics or treatment, our results be limited by the small sample size and timing of blood draw. Our next steps include a larger study to explore circulating NK cells prior to any treatment and NK cell infiltration within breast cancer tumour and correlating this with response to treatment and prognosis.
Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery versus Median Sternotomy: The Assiut Heart Hospital Experience

Objective : The aim of the current study was to compare minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS) with conventional mitral valve surgery via median sternotomy. Patients and methods : A total of 73 patients were recruited for a mitral valve surgery either minimally invasive (27 patients) or conventional open heart (46 patients) mitral valve surgery. Results : Patients in the MIMVS group reported less bleeding with fewer rates of transfusion and shorter hospital stay. Moreover, no differences were reported regarding major complications including stroke and myocardial infarction. Also, there was no difference in total hospital costs. Meanwhile, the MIMVS group presented a significant rise in the time of cardiopulmonary bypass, cross clamp and procedure. Six weeks follow up showed no significant differences in mortality. The causes of death in the MIMVS patient and the 2 patients in sternotomy group were non-cardiac, but due to infection by covid-19 which ended by respiratory failure. Conclusion : MIMVS could be more beneficial for mitral valve patients with consideration of inclusion criteria.
Individual components of metabolic syndrome as a prognostic factor for morbidity and mortality in COVID-19

Background: COVID-19 has emerged as a rapidly spreading pandemic with millions of deaths. We aimed to investigate whether metabolic syndrome can be used as a prognostic factor for the outcome of patients infected with this viral disease, regarding the ICU stay, the requirement of mechanical ventilation (MV) and mortality. Methodology: This retrospective study included 90 patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Ain Shams University for pneumonic COVID-19 with a confirmed positive RT-PCR for COVID-19 and positive changes on chest computed tomography, over a period of 10 months from July 2021 to April 2022. They were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome. The primary outcome measured was the length of ICU stay. Secondary outcome was the percentage of patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) and the mortality rate in the two groups. Results: Patients with metabolic syndrome had higher liver transaminases, random blood glucose, triglycerides, ferritin, and P/F ratio compared to those without metabolic syndrome (P < 0.05). Components of metabolic syndrome such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obesity significantly increased the risk of hospitalization and mortality in COVID-19 patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is a better prognostic indicator for severe disease outcomes in patients with COVID-19 than its individual components. Although patients with metabolic syndrome didn’t have a higher need for mechanical ventilation, they had longer duration of ICU stay and a higher mortality rate. Abbreviations: ACE-2: angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, hs-CRP: High sensitivity C-reactive protein,ICU: Intensive care unit, MV: Mechanical ventilation, MS: Metabolic syndrome, ROC: Receiver operating characteristic Key words: Metabolic Syndrome; COVID-19; ICU; Mechanical ventilation; Mortality Citation: Refaat SA, Elshaer AN, Hamza AH, Abdou AMH, SakrHAM. Individual components of metabolic syndrome as a prognostic factor for morbidity and mortality in COVID-19. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2023;27(3):343−350. DOI: 10.35975/apic.v27i3. 2225 Received: February 14, 2023; Reviewed: March 08, 2023; Accepted: March 16, 2023
Female Masturbation Practices amongst Different Populations and Age Groups

Aim: This study was to assess efficacy of sexual education in schools, the inclusion of female masturbation in such and its sufficiency regarding the preparation of adolescents for safe and consensual sexual activities. Effects of religious, cultural, and parental factors on women’s views on masturbation as well as the nature of women’s emotions during masturbation were assessed. The frequencies of female orgasm during masturbation to sexual intercourse with a partner were compared. Methods: Cross-sectional anonymous online questionnaire with 24 questions both multiple choice and open ended. Inclusion criteria was female/identify as female, 18 years and older. Approval of the study by Riga Stradins Research Ethics Committee. The questionnaire was promoted on various social media platforms and by word of mouth for a period of 3 months. Analyzation of data was conducted via SPSS system. Results: A sample size of 1068 participants, aged ≥ 18years, mainly European (46%) and North American (43%), was obtained. 64.6% reported insufficient sexual education, with 43.3-55.8% stating insufficient preparation for safe, consensual sex. 84.4-85.2% stated that female masturbation was not covered, 59% of participants indicated that female masturbation needs a place in sexual education. Amongst 39.2% of participants, parents didn’t discuss any sexual education with them with 29.8% of participants forbidden to engage in pre-marital sexual activity. Amongst those prohibited 38% still masturbated. A total of 1.3% of participants underwent genital mutilation. Assessing frequency of masturbation majority (40.3%) reported to masturbate more than once weekly with the most popular mode of masturbation being sex toys(44%) followed by hands(42%). Comparing the frequency of orgasm while masturbating versus during sexual intercourse with a partner, 59% always report having an orgasm while masturbating solo; compared to 15% when with a partner. Emotions experienced by women during masturbation were mostly positive with the majority feeling relieved (68.7%). Conclusions: Sexual education programs in schools are insufficient in teaching about female masturbation and preparing students for safe, consensual sexual intercourse; they require reassessment by UNESCO and WHO for more efficient implementation. Female masturbation should be considered a right to female sexual health, this needs to be ensured and included as a *Corresponding Author Female Masturbation Practices amongst Different Populations and Age Groups