Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cosmological galaxy evolution with superbubble feedback – II. The limits of supernovae

We explore when supernovae can (and cannot) regulate the star formation and bulge growth in galaxies based on a sample of 18 simulated galaxies. The simulations include key physics such as evaporation and conduction, neglected in prior work, and required to correctly model superbubbles resulting from stellar feedback. We show that for galaxies with virial masses $>10^{12}\;M_\odot$, supernovae alone cannot prevent excessive star formation. This failure occurs due to a shutdown of galactic winds, with wind mass loadings falling from $\eta\sim10$ to $\eta<1$. In more massive systems, this transfer of baryons to the circumgalactic medium falters earlier on and the galaxies diverge significantly from observed galaxy scaling relations and morphologies. The decreasing efficiency is simply due to a deepening potential well preventing gas escape. This implies that non-supernova feedback mechanisms must become dominant for galaxies with stellar masses greater than $\sim4\times10^{10}\;M_\odot$. The runaway growth of the central stellar bulge, strongly linked to black hole growth, suggests that feedback from active galactic nuclei is the probable mechanism. Below this mass, supernovae alone are able to produce a realistic stellar mass fraction, star formation history and disc morphology.
Spiral density waves in the outer galactic gaseous discs

Deep HI observations of the outer parts of disc galaxies demonstrate the frequent presence of extended, well-developed spiral arms far beyond the optical radius. To understand the nature and the origin of such outer spiral structure, we investigate the propagation in the outer gaseous disc of large-scale spiral waves excited in the bright optical disc. Using hydrodynamical simulations, we show that non-axisymmetric density waves, penetrating in the gas through the outer Lindblad resonance, can exhibit relatively regular spiral structures outside the bright optical stellar disc. For low-amplitude structures, the results of numerical simulations match the predictions of a simple WKB linear theory. The amplitude of spiral structure increases rapidly with radius. Beyond $\approx 2$ optical radii, spirals become nonlinear (the linear theory becomes quantitatively and qualitatively inadequate) and unstable to Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. In numerical simulations, in models for which gas is available very far out, spiral arms can extend out to 25 disc scale-lengths. A comparison between the properties of the models we have investigated and the observed properties of individual galaxies may shed light into the problem of the amount and distribution of dark matter in the outer halo.
Analytical and numerical study of the 26 June 1998 orographic rainband observed in Western Kyushu, Japan

On 26 June 1998 during a field experiment called X-BAIU-98, an orographic rainband, called the Nagasaki line in this study, was observed extending northeastward from the Nagasaki Peninsula in western Kyushu, Japan. The convective cells in this rainband, which were about 5 km in horizontal scale and 40 min in duration, propagated northeastward at a speed of about 10 m s -1 . They were deep in height in a northeastward direction. Around the Nagasaki line, a moist convectively unstable atmosphere was observed in the lower layer together with environmental winds that included southerly winds near the surface and southwesterly jet at 3-4 km in height. Numerical simulations of the Nagasaki line were conducted using an operational Regional Spectral Model (RSM) of the Japan Meteorological Agency and a Nonhydrostatic Cloud Model (NHM) of the Meteorological Research Institute. While the RSM simulated only a weak precipitation area in western Kyushu, the NHM reproduced many characteristics of the observed Nagasaki line. Sensitivity experiments for topography, humidity and wind profiles showed that a moist convectively unstable atmosphere, mesoscale convergence, and winds having both a strong southwesterly jet at 3-4 km and a strong vertical wind shear in the lower troposphere are essential for the formation of the Nagasaki line. Although small and low, mountains on the Nagasaki Peninsula are capable of forming an organized precipitation band under such environmental fields.
“South Africa belongs to all who live in it”

A growing body of literature on media and xenophobia in South Africa has shown that the depictionof immigrants by the mainstream print media is overwhelmingly negative, and this in turn enforcesnegative stereotypes that contribute to further xenophobic attacks. This paper adds a dimensionthat is missing from existing research to focus on media representation of immigrants withinquestions around citizenship and identity. The arguments driving this paper are inspired by theproclamations in the South African Constitution preamble, which states that “South Africa belongsto all who live in it, united in our diversity”. This paper analyses how selected print media in thecountry construct immigrants in the context of identity and belonging. We start from the premisethat as a social institution, the media play an important role in shaping policies on immigrationthat have a bearing on these matters. Using theories of media and national identity, the paperexamines thematic frames used by the selected newspapers to construct the image of immigrantsduring three periods of xenophobic violence, in 2008, 2015, and 2017. Our main argument isthat while the media have played a significant role in creating awareness about the scourge ofxenophobia, they have, wittingly or unwittingly, used narrative frames that justify the exclusion offoreigners, thereby entrenching a perception of insiders and outsiders, citizens and non-citizens.In the process, they also reinforce fears of a national takeover by the foreign “other”. Thesearguments hold significance in the broader debates about the transformation of the print mediaand its role in the on-going process of nation-building.
Factors Associated with Using Telemedicine in the Primary Care Clinics during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic generated an extraordinary need for telemedicine. Objective: To identify the factors and multi-way interactions associated with telemedicine use in primary healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This population-based study included all members (2,722,773) aged ≥18 years of the largest healthcare organization in Israel who used primary care clinic services between 1 March 2020 and 31 December 2021. Individuals were classified as telemedicine users (≥1 phone/video visits or asynchronous encounters) or non-telemedicine users (only in-person encounter/s). Results: Ethnicity was the most discriminative variable associated with telemedicine use, with 85% and 52% users among Jews and Arabs, respectively. Higher odds for telemedicine utilization were observed among women, residents of urban areas, those confined to home, individuals with high level of technology literacy, residents of the central area (in Jews only), young Jews, and older Arabs. Based on decision tree analysis, the segments of the population with the lowest telemedicine use were characterized by lower primary care needs and comorbidities, as well as low technology literacy. The proportion of telemedicine use in these groups was 56% and 27% in Jews and in Arabs, respectively. Conclusion: A proactive intervention program should be applied among populations who are less likely to use telemedicine in the primary care clinics, including Arabs, Jews who live in the distant periphery, and individuals with low technology literacy.
A DEEP CHANDRA ACIS SURVEY OF M51

We have obtained a deep X-ray image of the nearby galaxy M51 using Chandra. Here we present the catalog of X-ray sources detected in these observations and provide an overview of the properties of the point-source population. We find 298 sources within the D25 radii of NGC 5194/5, of which 20% are variable, a dozen are classical transients, and another half dozen are transient-like sources. The typical number of active ultraluminous X-ray sources in any given observation is ∼5, and only two of those sources persist in an ultraluminous state over the 12 yr of observations. Given reasonable assumptions about the supernova remnant population, the luminosity function is well described by a power law with an index between 1.55 and 1.7, only slightly shallower than that found for populations dominated by high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs), which suggests that the binary population in NGC 5194 is also dominated by HMXBs. The luminosity function of NGC 5195 is more consistent with a low-mass X-ray binary dominated population.
Discovery of resident memory T cells in inflammatory vitiligo: A case report

Rationale: The purpose of this report was to describe resident memory cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) + T cells may contribute to the progression of inflammatory vitiligo. Patient concerns: A 32-year-old male has a stable vitiligo for 1 year, then some patches present inflammatory erythema. Two years later, the inflammatory patches enlarged and joined together, and the remaining 2 common patches shows repigmentation and no change respectively. Both CD69 + CD8 + T cells and CD103 + CD8 + T cells showed marked increase in inflammatory vitiligo than common vitiligo. Diagnosis: Histological findings show that the numbers of lymphocytes are increased in inflammatory vitiligo than common vitiligo. Immunofluorescence staining show that the numbers of CD69 + CD8 + T cells demonstrated a marked increase in inflammatory vitiligo than common vitiligo. Interventions: Without any intervention. Outcomes: The previous upper 2 patches on the abdomen with erythematous rim were enlarged and joined together. However the lowest lesion with uninflamed common rim on the abdomen remained static, the one on the right groin showed spot-like repigmentation. Lessons: This case report demonstrates that resident memory CD8 + T cells may contribute to the progression of inflammatory vitiligo.
Repurposing Alone and in Combination of the Antiviral Saquinavir with 5-Fluorouracil in Prostate and Lung Cancer Cells

Prostate and lung cancers are among the most common cancer types, and they still need more therapeutics. For this purpose, saquinavir (SAQ) was tested alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). PC-3 and A549 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of both drugs alone or in combination, with simultaneous or sequential administration. Cell viability was obtained using the MTT assay and synergism values using CompuSyn software. Results showed that SAQ was the more cytotoxic of both drugs in PC-3 cells, while 5-FU was the most cytotoxic in A549 cells. When these drugs were used in combination, the more synergistic combination in PC-3 cells was the IC50 of SAQ with various concentrations of 5-FU, particularly when 5-FU was only applied 24 h later. Meanwhile for A549 the most promising combination was 5-FU with delayed SAQ, but with a weaker effect than all combinations demonstrated in PC-3 cells. These results demonstrate that SAQ could be used as a new repurposed drug for the treatment of prostate cancer and this treatment potential could be even greater if SAQ is combined with the anticancer drug 5-FU, while for lung cancer it is not as efficient and, therefore, not of as much interest.
Diversity and Distribution of Macrofungi in Protected Mountain Forest Habitats in Serbia and Its Relation to Abiotic Factors

Fungal diversity is one of the most important indicators of overall forest biodiversity and its health. However, scarce information exists on the state of macrofungal communities of mountain forests in Serbia, making it one of the countries with the least-published mycological data in the Mediterranean and Balkan region of Europe. This paper presents the results of the first comprehensive, long-term study of macrofungal communities in some of the most important mountain forest ecosystems in Serbia (Tara, Kopaonik and Vidlič). In the course of three consecutive years, the sampling of five permanent experimental plots resulted in 245 species of macrofungi, classified into three functional groups (terricolous saprothrophs, lignicolous, and mycorrhizal fungi). Special attention was given to protected and indicator species, which point out the great value of studied forest habitats and the importance of their conservation. It was found that precipitation, habitat humidity, and temperature significantly influence the occurrence and distribution, primarily of mycorrhizal and lignicolous group of fungi. Thus, the continuation of long-term monitoring is crucial in order to more precisely determine which groups/species of macrofungi would, and to what extent they would, adapt to a rapidly changing climate.
Changes in Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity during Development of ‘Qiangcuili’ and ‘Cuihongli’ Fruit

Plums are widely consumed, contain high levels of phenolic compounds, and have strong antioxidant activity. In this study, the main Sichuan cultivars ‘Qiangcuili’ and ‘Cuihongli’ were used to study the changes in the appearance, internal quality, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities during fruit development and the expression of phenolic-compound-related structural genes. The results showed that, during development of the two plums, the total soluble solid and soluble sugar contents were highest at the mature stage. The phenolic contents (total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total flavanol content (TFAC)) trended gradually downward as the fruits of the two cultivars matured, while the total anthocyanin content gradually increased in ‘Cuihongli’. The main phenolic components were neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, benzoic acid, rutin, and proanthocyanidin B1. The changes in the DPPH and FRAP scavenging activities decreased with fruit ripening. The antioxidant capacity was positively correlated with the TPC, TFC, and TFAC. In the two cultivars, the total phenols, phenolic components, and antioxidant capacity were higher in the peel than in the pulp. CHS, PAL3, and HCT1 may be the regulatory genes related to the accumulation of phenolic substances in the pericarp and pulp of ‘Qiangcuili’ and ‘Cuihongli’. HCT1 may be an important regulator involved in the accumulation of chlorogenic acid in plums. The changes in the quality of the phenols, phenolic components, and antioxidant activity were elucidated during the development of the main plum cultivars in Sichuan, particularly the changes that provided a theoretical basis for the development of bioactive substances in local plum cultivars.
Peripheral IFN-ɣ Production after Blood Stimulation with Different Mycobacterial Antigens in Goats Vaccinated against Paratuberculosis

Vaccination can be an efficient method for the control of paratuberculosis in ruminants. However, the official tuberculosis control tests cross-interfere with the animals vaccinated against paratuberculosis. In order to test and compare new antigens that could solve this problem, the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in peripheral blood at different post-vaccination days in experimental kids and adult goats, in field conditions, using the avian and bovine purified protein derivative (PPD), the johnin, two peptide cocktails of Mycobacterium bovis (PC-EC and PC-HP) and the antigens VK 055 and VK 067 of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) has been analyzed in vitro. The non-specific production of IFN-γ was observed after blood stimulation with the PC-EC and PC-HP cocktail in any sample from vaccinated animals, whereas it was detected when bovine PPD was used. These results support the possible use of these new Mycobacterium bovis antigens in the in the differentiation of animals vaccinated against paratuberculosis or infected with tuberculosis by improving the specificity of bovine PPD. In contrast, the two Map antigens tested in this study did not improve the sensitivity of johnin or avian PPD in the detection of vaccinated or Map-infected goats.
dO: A Differentiable Engine for Deep Lens Design of Computational Imaging Systems

Computational imaging systems algorithmically post-process acquisition images either to reveal physical quantities of interest or to increase image quality, e.g., deblurring. Designing a computational imaging system requires co-design of optics and algorithms, and recently Deep Lens systems have been proposed in which both components are end-to-end designed using data-driven end-to-end training. However, progress on this exciting concept has so far been hampered by the lack of differentiable forward simulations for complex optical design spaces. Here, we introduce dO (DiffOptics) to provide derivative insights into the design pipeline to chain variable parameters and their gradients to an error metric through differential ray tracing. However, straightforward back-propagation of many millions of rays requires unaffordable device memory, and is not resolved by prior works. dO alleviates this issue using two customized memory-efficient techniques: differentiable ray-surface intersection and adjoint back-propagation. Broad application examples demonstrate the versatility and flexibility of dO, including classical lens designs in asphere, double-Gauss, and freeform, reverse engineering for metrology, and joint designs of optics-network in computational imaging applications. We believe dO enables a radically new approach to computational imaging system designs and relevant research domains.
Telescoping Sums, Permutations, and First Occurrence Distributions

Telescoping sums very naturally lead to probability distributions on ${\mathbb Z}^+$. But are these distributions typically cosmetic and devoid of motivation? In this paper we give three examples of "first occurrence" distributions, each defined by telescoping sums, and that each arise from concrete questions about the structure of permutations.
Uniqueness in Discrete Tomography of Planar Model Sets

The problem of determining finite subsets of characteristic planar model sets (mathematical quasicrystals) $\varLambda$, called cyclotomic model sets, by parallel $X$-rays is considered. Here, an $X$-ray in direction $u$ of a finite subset of the plane gives the number of points in the set on each line parallel to $u$. For practical reasons, only $X$-rays in $\varLambda$-directions, i.e., directions parallel to non-zero elements of the difference set $\varLambda - \varLambda$, are permitted. In particular, by combining methods from algebraic number theory and convexity, it is shown that the convex subsets of a cyclotomic model set $\varLambda$, i.e., finite sets $C\subset \varLambda$ whose convex hulls contain no new points of $\varLambda$, are determined, among all convex subsets of $\varLambda$, by their $X$-rays in four prescribed $\varLambda$-directions, whereas any set of three $\varLambda$-directions does not suffice for this purpose. We also study the interactive technique of successive determination in the case of cyclotomic model sets, in which the information from previous $X$-rays is used in deciding the direction for the next $X$-ray. In particular, it is shown that the finite subsets of any cyclotomic model set $\varLambda$ can be successively determined by two $\varLambda$-directions. All results are illustrated by means of well-known examples, i.e., the cyclotomic model sets associated with the square tiling, the triangle tiling, the tiling of Ammann-Beenker, the T\"ubingen triangle tiling and the shield tiling.
Prevalence and coagulation correlation of anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with COVID-19

We aimed to determine prevalence and characteristics of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACLs) and its correlations with laboratory coagulation variables in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We retrospectively analyzed the prevalence of serum ACLs and its correlation with coagulative laboratory variables in 87 patients with COVID-19. ACLs were detected in 13/21 (61.91%) critically ill patients, and 21/66 (31.82%) in non-critically ill patients. For ACLs, IgA, and IgG were the most common types. The prevalence of IgG in critical ill patients was much higher than that in non-critical patients with odd ratio = 2.721. And the levels of all isotypes of ACLs in critically ill patients were much higher than those in non-critically ill patients. Correlation analysis showed that activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time had weak correlation with ACLs-IgG (R = 0.308, P = .031; R = 0.337, P = .018, respectively). Only the prevalence of ACLs-IgG shows a significant difference when compared critically ill patients with non-critically ill patients. ACLs do not seem to have a clear correlation with thrombosis occurred in COVID-19 patients.
The Handbook of Multisensory Processes

A reference work for the emerging field of multisensory integration, covering multidisciplinary research that goes beyond the traditional "sense-by-sense" approach and recognizes that perception is fundamentally a multisensory experience. This landmark reference work brings together for the first time in one volume the most recent research from different areas of the emerging field of multisensory integration. After many years of using a modality-specific "sense-by-sense" approach, researchers across different disciplines in neuroscience and psychology now recognize that perception is fundamentally a multisensory experience. To understand how the brain synthesizes information from the different senses, we must study not only how information from each sensory modality is decoded but also how this information interacts with the sensory processing taking place within other sensory channels. The findings cited in The Handbook of Multisensory Processes suggest that there are broad underlying principles that govern this interaction, regardless of the specific senses involved. The book is organized thematically into eight sections; each of the 55 chapters presents a state-of-the-art review of its topic by leading researchers in the field. The key themes addressed include multisensory contributions to perception in humans; whether the sensory integration involved in speech perception is fundamentally different from other kinds of multisensory integration; multisensory processing in the midbrain and cortex in model species, including rat, cat, and monkey; behavioral consequences of multisensory integration; modern neuroimaging techniques, including EEG, PET, and fMRI, now being used to reveal the many sites of multisensory processing in the brain; multisensory processes that require postnatal sensory experience to emerge, with examples from multiple species; brain specialization and possible equivalence of brain regions; and clinical studies of such breakdowns of normal sensory integration as brain damage and synesthesia. Bradford Books imprint