Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of helpers on reproductive output in a cooperatively breeding bird

In cooperation, individuals work together for some underlying benefit of the group. However, this poses a problem to evolution, as natural selection favors the selfish behavior of individuals. Nevertheless, cooperation has evolved and the hypotheses to explain it are broadly classified in two different ways: through direct fitness benefits when it benefits an individual’s own reproduction and indirect fitness benefits through the gains from assisting their relatives. In birds, cooperation can be manifested in cooperative breeding, which can be defined as sexually mature individuals helping raising another individuals’ offspring at the expense of forgoing their own reproduction. This is expected to improve the reproductive output and the survival of both breeders and chicks. However, studies on the effects of helpers in cooperatively breeding species show that a positive effect on the reproductive output is not always recorded, with works showing both no significant effects and negative effects. Understanding the mechanisms of helping behavior is therefore vital to understand the evolution of cooperative breeding. A possible explanation for this incongruity is that helpers may have a positive effect only when breeding conditions are adverse, and their effect might not be detectable under good conditions. Here, I used a well-studied population of a cooperatively breeding bird, the sociable weaver Philetairus socius, to explore the underlying mechanisms that might explain the potential benefits of helpers on the reproductive outcome. Specifically, I test if there is a positive effect associated with the presence of helpers through the analysis of breeding success by breeding attempt and breeding success by season. The results showed no significant effect of group size on the breeding success by breeding attempt which can be explained by breeders not maintaining the same effort regardless of helper number and rather compensate the work conducted by helpers by reducing their own effort. On the other hand, in the overall season reproductive success, the results suggest that it is advantageous for breeders to have helpers at the nest when the maximum temperature increases, as that is associated with increased production of the total number of fledglings. In short, this study illustrates that helping behavior might be flexible and the environmental context should be taken into account when assessing the effect of helpers.
The Susceptibility of Biomphalaria spp. from Mwea Irrigation Scheme in Kenya against Schistosoma mansoni Miracidia Infection

Schistosomiasis as a neglected disease is second to malaria in its adverse effect to public health and socioeconomics impact in the tropics and sub-tropical of the developing countries where 90% of 249 million people affected are found in Africa. Mwea irrigation scheme in Kenya is infested with Biomphalaria spp. and the research set out to find their susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni miracidia. Vector snails’ samples were taken from endemic region of Mwea irrigation farmlands and were morphological identified and then cultured. The miracidia exposed snails were transferred into aquaria and after four weeks of exposure they were examined for cercaria shedding twice every week under direct sunlight illumination. It was found that Mwea irrigation scheme was dominantly infested by Biomphalaria pfeifferi. From the morphological parameters of B. pfeifferi it was found that there was no statistical difference in physical characteristics between resistant and susceptible populations. The results in this study showed that the mean value of infection for the Field, F1 and F2 snail samples were 36.6 ± 3.72, 1.93 ± 1.46, 0.36 ± 0.049 respectively and the infection rate decreased from the field snail samples through F2 snail samples. This suggested that the exhibited resistant traits may be due to snail internal defense mechanisms rather than morphological characteristics and this could be thought that the various levels of B. pfeifferi susceptibility to S. mansoni is attributed to genetic variations within a population. Finally, the findings generated in this study, under laboratory condition, suggest that S. mansoni resistant population of B. pfeifferi can be isolated and mass reared with a view of diversifying biological control measures of the vector in Mwea irrigation scheme in Kenya.
Words Matter: A Content Analysis of the Definitions and Usage of the Terms for Apparel Marketed to People Living With Disabilities

The purpose of this study was to gain a baseline understanding of the terms currently used to define apparel for people living with disability (PLWD) and to encourage discussion for satisfying the apparel needs and wants of PLWD. The objectives were to conduct a literature review of the terms—adaptive, functional, universal design, and inclusive design—to survey how these terms are used in the marketplace, and to compare their usage to that in the literature. The results of a content analysis showed that adaptive is the most popular term used in the marketplace, yet, according to the literature review, reflects a medical model of disability. The term functional reflects a utilitarian purpose in the literature, with minimal application for PLWD in the marketplace. The terms universal and inclusive design are rarely used to define apparel for PLWD in the marketplace despite the heavy focus in the literature.
Influence of Ni doping in a lead-halide and a lead-free halide perovskites for optoelectronic applications

Metal halide perovskites have become more popular for applications in solar cells and optoelectronic devices. In this study, the structural, electronic, mechanical, and optical properties of lead and lead-free metal halide cubic perovskites CsPbBr3 and CsGeBr3 and their Ni-doped structures have been studied using the first-principle density functional theory. Ni-doped CsGeBr3 shows enhanced absorbance both in the visible and the ultraviolet region. The absorption edge of Ni-doped CsBBr3 (B = Pb, Ge) shifts toward the lower energy region compared to their undoped structures. Undoped and Ni-doped lead and lead-free halides are found to have a direct bandgap, mechanical stability, and ductility. A combined analysis of the electronic, mechanical, and optical properties of these compounds suggests that lead-free perovskite CsGe0.875Ni0. 125Br3 is a more suitable candidate for solar cells and optoelectronic applications.Metal halide perovskites have become more popular for applications in solar cells and optoelectronic devices. In this study, the structural, electronic, mechanical, and optical properties of lead and lead-free metal halide cubic perovskites CsPbBr3 and CsGeBr3 and their Ni-doped structures have been studied using the first-principle density functional theory. Ni-doped CsGeBr3 shows enhanced absorbance both in the visible and the ultraviolet region. The absorption edge of Ni-doped CsBBr3 (B = Pb, Ge) shifts toward the lower energy region compared to their undoped structures. Undoped and Ni-doped lead and lead-free halides are found to have a direct bandgap, mechanical stability, and ductility. A combined analysis of the electronic, mechanical, and optical properties of these compounds suggests that lead-free perovskite CsGe0.875Ni0. 125Br3 is a more suitable candidate for solar cells and optoelectronic applications.
Nasal colonization of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureusamong patients during hospital admission--emergence of community-associated MRSA strains

Patients colonized with Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospital are considered as one of the risk factors for infection with MRSA. Worldwide spread of MRSA in both hospital setting and community poses public health threat. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency of MRSA colonization among patients at time of hospital admission. Five hundred adult patients were screened within 24 hrs of admission in different wards in Dhaka Medical College Hospital by taking nasal swabs from anterior nares and were analyzed. All isolated Staphylococcusaureus were screened to detect methicillin resistance by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using oxacillin and cefoxitin disc and then all MRSA isolates were subjected for MIC testing against oxacillin by agar dilution method and PCR for mecAgene detection. Out of 500 patients Staph aureus nasal colonization was observed among 112 (22.4%) patients and among those 7.6% was MRSA.MRSA colonization rate was 23.29% among patients who had history of prior hospitalization and was 4.92% among community residents who had no previous hospitalization history in last 12 month. A significant number of patients (7.6%) were colonized with MRSA at the time of admission. Screening for MRSA carriers among this population is necessary for hospital acquired infection control. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2014; 08 (02): 08-13
An Observational Study of the Symmetric Boundary Layer Structure and Tropical Cyclone Intensity

This study analyses Global Positioning System dropsondes to document the axisymmetric tropical cyclone (TC) boundary-layer structure, based on storm intensity. A total of 2608 dropsondes from 42 named TCs in the Atlantic basin from 1998 to 2017 are used in the composite analyses. The results show that the axisymmetric inflow layer depth, the height of maximum tangential wind speed, and the thermodynamic mixed layer depth are all shallower in more intense TCs. The results also show that more intense TCs tend to have a deep layer of the near-saturated air inside the radius of maximum wind speed (RMW). The magnitude of the radial gradient of equivalent potential temperature (θe) near the RMW correlates positively with storm intensity. Above the inflow layer, composite structures of TCs with different intensities all possess a ring of anomalously cool temperatures surrounding the warm-core, with the magnitude of the warm-core anomaly proportional to TC intensity. The boundary layer composites presented here provide a climatology of how axisymmetric TC boundary layer structure changes with intensity.
Career Identity

This chapter calls for the endorsement of a ‘career perspective’ when theorizing identity in organizations. It argues that especially the concept of ‘career identity’ can be instructive for settling an ongoing controversy among scholars concerning temporal aspects of ‘continuity’ and ‘change’ in narrative identity construction. Since continuity and change are integral to the career notion, a career perspective helps to explain the under-explored co-existence of dynamic and at the same time stable dimensions of identity. This insight is particularly relevant in light of the changing relationships between organizations and their employees, where career paths are increasingly becoming more discontinuous and therefore unpredictable, protean and boundaryless. Moreover, the chapter argues that a career perspective on identity helps to raise critical questions regarding how widely dispersed career imperatives influence people’s career choices, and how these imperatives can be resisted.
Teaching social media and public administration: Applying four approaches to an emerging issue

This article presents an approach to teaching how social media impacts the public-sector workplace. Social media creates new challenges for both public administration practitioners and teachers. Yet, the topic does not yet have wide-scale discussion in the public administration education literature. After a review of four approaches to public administration (managerial, legal, political, and ethical), we developed a fictional social media case that was administered in an email survey to a sample of 50 graduates of a Master of Public Administration (MPA) program (37 responded and completed the survey). The case involves a local government employee whose employer wants to terminate because of the employee’s use of social media following a city council meeting. The results of our survey provide insight into how administrators would deal with the situation presented in the case and leads to the development of a series of questions for faculty using the case in their classroom. Our teaching case should provoke serious classroom discussions. Our study reveals the importance of the teaching and discussion of social media in public administration courses along with identifying continuing areas of future research.
What Matters most for museums? Individual and social influences on employees’ innovative behaviour

ABSTRACT Although prior research has discussed the effects of several determinants on individual innovativeness, little is known about how individual together with social processes impact the adoption of innovation by employees. To address this issue and to examine the mediating mechanisms through which transformational leaders influence innovative behaviour, 200 museum employees were asked to fill out the Individual Innovativeness Scale, the Team Climate Inventory, and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, as well as to provide their demographic data. The multiple regression analysis revealed that individuals’ demographics, transformational style of leadership, and task orientation are essential to explain museum employees’ innovativeness. Additionally, task orientation partially mediated the association between transformational leadership style and individual innovation. These findings not only provide a valuable basis for better understanding museum employees’ acceptance of innovation, but also put forward the need to consider various variables on the promotion of employees’ innovative behaviour within art organizations.
Comparison of Observed and Modeled Magnetic Fields in the Earth's Magnetosheath

Observations of the magnetic field for two passages through the Earth's magnetosheath are used for comparison with two simple models of the magnetosheath field that describe it as a potential field. We apply the Kobel and Flückiger (1994, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JA01778) model and the Romashets and Vandas (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JA012072) model complemented with the Jelínek et al. (2012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JA017252) empirical determination of the bow shock and magnetopause shapes and positions. The models yield a satisfactory match to observations when the positions and shapes of the bow shock and the magnetopause are controlled by the instantaneous solar wind upstream dynamic pressure and the instantaneous upstream interplanetary magnetic field vector is taken into account.
Direct Solution of Scattering Problems Using Generalized Source Integral Equations

A class of inherently compressible integral equation formulations for problems of scattering by impenetrable objects, which makes use of generalized directional sources, is presented. The new formulation effectively reduces the problem’s dimensionality and, thus, allows for efficient low-rank compression of moment matrices’ off-diagonal blocks. When the formulation is used with a hierarchical matrix compression and factorization algorithm, a fast direct solver is obtained. The computational bottlenecks introduced by the proposed generalized formulation, in both the matrix-fill and matrix compression stages, are alleviated by using nonuniform sampling-based techniques. These techniques are described in detail for one choice of generalized sources, which use absorbing equivalent source shields, and can be extended to other shield types. The formulation’s properties and limitations are studied and its enhanced compressibility is used for the development of a fast direct solver.
Alcohol prevention for school students: Results from a 1-year follow up of a cluster-randomised controlled trial of harm minimisation school drug education

Abstract Aims: The Drug Education in Victorian Schools (DEVS) programme taught about licit and illicit drugs over two years (2010–2011), with follow up in the third year (2012). It focussed on minimising harm and employed participatory, critical-thinking and skill-focussed pedagogy. This study evaluated the programme’s residual effectiveness at follow up in reducing alcohol-related risk and harm. Methods: A cluster-randomised, controlled trial was conducted with a student cohort during years eight (13–14 years old), nine (14–15 years old) and 10 (15–16 years old). Schools were randomly allocated to the DEVS programme (14 schools, n = 1163), or their usual drug education (7 schools, n = 589). Multi-level models were fitted to the data, which were analysed on an intent-to-treat basis. Statistically significant findings: Over the 3 years, there was a greater increase in intervention students’ knowledge about drugs, including alcohol. Their alcohol consumption did not increase as much as controls. Their alcohol-related harms decreased, while increasing for controls. There were fewer intervention group risky drinkers, and they reduced their consumption compared to controls. Similarly, harms decreased for intervention group risky drinkers, while increasing for controls. Conclusions: Skill-focussed, harm minimisation drug education can remain effective, subsequent to programme completion, in reducing students’ alcohol consumption and harm, even with risky drinkers.
Drivers of employee engagement: differences by work area and gender

Previous studies have not integrated the impact of the area of study into the notion of employee engagement. The purpose of this study is to empirically measure the association between employee engagement and the two antecedent factors of perceived organizational support (POS) and employee loyalty across different areas of study. ,A nationally representative survey of 2,408 adults in the USA collected by the worker representation and participation survey (WRPS) was used. A multinomial logit regression was used to estimate the impact of POS and loyalty across different areas of study. ,The findings of this study consistent with the previous studies showed that POS and employee loyalty are positively and significantly associated with employee engagement. This study found by a decline in the level of support from a “lot of support” to “somewhat support,” the degree of engagement declines by about 50 per cent. Further, it found that the level of engagement changes across different areas of study. For instance, professional and skilled workers are more engaged compared to other groups of workers. The findings were similar for the variables of loyalty to supervisors and loyalty to organizations. Moreover, the findings showed that conditioned on being loyal, women are more engaged than men. ,This is the first study that uses WRPS to understand how the level of engagement varies across different kinds of study.
Cell-cell communication through FGF4 generates and maintains robust proportions of differentiated cell types in embryonic stem cells

During embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, reproducible proportions of differentiated cell types are specified from populations of multipotent precursor cells. Molecular mechanisms that enable both robust cell type proportioning despite variable initial conditions in the precursor cells, as well as the re-establishment of these proportions upon perturbations in a developing tissue remain to be characterized. Here we report that the differentiation of robust proportions of epiblast-like and primitive endoderm-like cells in mouse embryonic stem cell cultures emerges at the population level through cell-cell communication via a short-range FGF4 signal. We characterize the molecular and dynamical properties of the communication mechanism, and show how it controls both robust cell type proportioning from a wide range of experimentally controlled initial conditions, as well as the autonomous re-establishment of these proportions following the isolation of one cell type. The generation and maintenance of reproducible proportions of discrete cell types is a new function for FGF signaling that may operate in a range of developing tissues.
Seroepidemiology of Selected Vector Borne Diseases in Urban and Rural Pet Dogs in Madrid, Spain

Vector-borne diseases (VBD) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in dogs, and some of them are zoonotic. We evaluated 79 healthy and 117 sick dogs (n=196) in the Madrid region (Spain) for evidence of common vector borne diseases The seroprevalence for the study group was 19.4% (38/196 dogs); of these, 15.8% (31/196 dogs) were seropositive for only one agent; there were 5 dogs positive for Ec (2.5 %), 3 positive for Ana (1.6%), 0 positive for Bb, 2 positive for Di (1%), and 21 positive for Li (10.7%). Seven dogs were coinfected; 5 dogs were seropositive for Ec and Ana (2.5%), and 2 for Ec and Li (1%). Twenty-six of the 38 (68.4%) seropositive dogs were sick. The seroprevalence was significantly higher in dogs that lived in a rural environment (28%), compared to those that resided in an urban environment (12.8%) (p=0.004). Nineteen of 87 (21.8%) seropositive dogs from rural environment were sick, and 5/87 (5.5%) were healthy; whereas 7/109 (6.4%) seropositive urban dogs were sick and 7/109 (6.4%) were healthy. Both sick and seropositive dogs had clinically relevant clinicopathologic abnormalities. Although the seroprevalence of these selected VBDs is similar to those previously reported, we found a high percentage of seropositive urban dogs. Interestingly, the seroprevalence of LI was similar between rural and city dogs.
Baric and dimensional changes of niobium properties

We have calculated the baric dependencies of thermophysical properties and melting temperature as well as the thermal equation of state for niobium based on the pair interatomic Mi-Lenard-Jones potential and the crystal Einstein model for niobium (Nb). Baric dependencies computations made along two isotherms 300 K and 3000 K are in good agreement with the experimental data for niobium. We have obtained the charts of pressure dependencies for the following properties: Debye temperature, the first, second and third Gruneisen parameters, isothermal compression modulus, isochoric and isobaric heat capacity, volumetric coefficient of thermal expansion and the melting temperature. The article investigates size dependencies of both specified properties and the melting temperature of niobium using an RP-model of nanocrystal.
Identifyng the relationships between personality traits and non-cognitive skills

Through this research, it has been studied the relationship between personality traits and non-cognitive skills. The hypotheses of this study are that there is a positive correlation between a high level of extraversion and physical abilities, and there is a positive correlation between a high level of autonomy and musical abilities. The research was conducted through two research tools, the purpose of which was to identify and evaluate personality traits and non-cognitive skills. The group of participants consists of 120 people aged between 18 and 33 years. The study results attest the validity of the assumptions. In both cases, personality traits are a possible predictor of the development of non-cognitive skills, while the latter are a possible modeling factor for the personality.