Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viability of starved Pasteurella piscicida in seawater monitored by flow cytometry and the effect of antibiotics on its resuscitation

The viability of starved Pasteurella piscicida cells in seawater was analysed by flow cytometry using two fluorescent dyes that stain only living cells. The fluorescent histograms using rhodamine 123 showed that, during the total experimental period, a considerable proportion of cells were able to incorporate this fluorochrome. In addition, the assays employing propidium iodide as dye, demonstrated that the Past. piscicida cells remained viable, maintaining their cellular integrity. Chloramphenicol or ampicillin totally inhibited the resuscitation of non‐culturable cells when they were added 8 and 24 h after the incorporation of fresh medium to the microcosms, but had practically no effect after 48 h when cells were fully resuscitated, indicating that active protein and peptidoglycan synthesis were ongoing during all stages of resuscitation.
The molecular and cellular impact of wave interactions on the aggressiveness of PC-3 cells

The metastatic spread of cancer cells to distant sites in the body accounts for the majority of cancer-related death and significantly decreases patient survival. Whilst cell migration is a physiologically important process, when uncontrolled, it can be a contributing factor to the metastatic phenotype. Actin polymerisation enables the dynamic restructuring of the cytoskeleton which is fundamental to cell migration and is stimulated by the Arp (actin-related protein) 2/3 protein complex which in turn is activated by members of the WAVE (WASP Verprolin homologous protein) family. WAVE1 and 3 expression was targeted separately in the PC-3 cell line utilising ribozyme transgene transfection. In vitro experiments revealed a reduction in cell growth and invasion following WAVE1 or 3 knockdown in PC-3 cells. These experiments were also repeated with small molecule inhibitors targeting the Arp2/3 complex, ROCK and N-WASP independently. This inhibitor work implicates Arp2/3 as a facilitator of cell proliferation through which WAVE regulates. Inhibition of Arp2/3, ROCK or N-WASP in WAVE1 knockdown cells increased cell invasion which may be attributed to the regulatory role of WAVE3 on MMP activity. Co-localisation of WAVE1 and 3 with ARP2 and ROCK-I was observed in PC-3 cells whilst this affect was abolished with WAVE1 or 3 knockdown. Furthermore, WAVE3 and WAVE1 knockdown affected ARP2 and ROCK-II tyrosine phosphorylation, respectively. These results suggest WAVE1 and 3 proteins are involved in several metastatic traits that characterise PC-3 cells. Furthermore, the contribution of WAVE in the networks that influence these traits may also involve association with Arp2/3 complex, ROCK-I and –II and N-WASP. Additionally, it sheds light on the similarities between these two related proteins and also highlights their subtle distinctions in PC-3 cells. The data outlined here provides justification to futher explore WAVE1 and 3 as potential contributors of prostate cancer progression.
Control of morphogenesis in the ethylene-requiring tomato mutant, diageotropica

Diageotropica (dgt) is a single gene mutant of tomato which requires extremely low concentrations of ethylene for normal growth and development. The morphology of the mutant is charactertized by diageotropic growth of both shoots and roots, thin stems without large secondary xylem vessels but with abnormally thick phloem fibers, dark green hyponastic leaf segments, primary and adventitious roots without lateral branching, and an open hypocotyl hook. Studies with the mutant indicate that plant morphology may be at least partly controlled developmentally by an endogenous ethylene–auxin feedback mechanism. The mutant's requirement for ethylene concentrations in the range of 0.005 μl/liter or less implies that higher concentrations may be supraoptimal in studies dealing with ethylene effects on plant growth and development in tomato. Results of grafting and excised root culture experiments combined with results of ethylene treatments indicate that a polarly transported substance, which controls lateral root i.
Virulence of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in the Southern Cone Region of South America

Abstract Pyrenophora tritici-repentis induces tan spot, one of the most important fungal diseases of wheat. At least eight races of the pathogen are known to occur based on their virulence on a wheat differential set. In 2009 and 2010, 87 commercial wheat fields were sampled for tan spot in the Southern Cone region of South America, namely Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. An average of three isolates from each field were tested for their virulence on the differential wheat hosts ‘Glenlea’, 6B365, 6B662, ‘Salamouni’, ‘Coulter’ and 4B1149. Of 273 isolates tested, 52.4% were classified as race 1 and 47.6% were classified as race 2, with no other races identified. This low level of pathogenic diversity was somewhat expected, since the bread wheat grown in this region has a narrow genetic diversity with respect to tan spot resistance. To fully assess virulence patterns in the Southern Cone, use of this differential set is recommended. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the race structure of P. tritici-repentis in South America.
Preparation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific for the β‐agonist clenbuterol

A monoclonal antibody was obtained from a Balb/c mouse immunized with a conjugate prepared by the direct coupling of diazotized clenbuterol to bovine serum albumin. The antibody, characterized by γ1,κ isotype and an affinity constant of 3.5 × 108 l mol‐1, is highly specific as its cross‐reactivity to structurally related molecules is less than 1%. A competitive ELISA for the detection of clenbuterol in horse and human urine was developed using this antibody.
On the properties of bilinear models for the balance between genetic mutation and selection

Moran (7) has shown that some models in population genetics lead to a bilinear recurrence relation which, for a finite number of alleles, has a globally stable equilibrium. When the possible alleles are infinite in number, non-trivial problems of existence and stability of the equilibrium arise, which Moran has resolved in special cases. In this paper a powerful sufficient condition is established for the existence of a globally stable equilibrium, and its consequences are explored for cases of genetical interest. A more speculative final section describes a variant of Moran's model which may possibly have some relevance to the assessment of experimental evidence for or against selective neutrality.
Observations on the Cestode Eubothrium salvelini in Juvenile Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at Babine Lake, British Columbia

Infection incidence among 15 brood years of smolts in the period 1952–71 was estimated from smolt and underyearling samples, and among late run fish from the main part of Babine Lake ranged from 6 to 45% (average 26%). In early run fish from the North Arm–Nilkitkwa area it ranged from 5 to 46% (average 22%) in 10 years during 1958–71.Infection intensity changed substantially during 1967; but about one fish in eight, or 200,000 individuals in the early run, carried parasite loads of fish weight. Mature E. salvelini (Schrank 1790) averaged 32 mg in weight and 34 mm in length during a period of high incidence and intensity of infection in 1967.Although no proof was found of direct mortality caused by E. salvelini, indirect effects such as inferior growth, poor swimming performance, or aberrant behavior due to large cestode loads may increase host susceptibility to death from other causes.Changes in relative abundance of the zooplankton intermediate host, and midsummer shifts in feeding preferences of young s.
Evaluation of Genetic Relationships among Some Persian Cultivated and a Wild Pomegranate Accessions Using RAPDs and SSRs Molecular Markers

Twenty-eight cultivated pomegranates, one hybrid seedling and one wild accession from three provinces (five eco-geographical regions) of Iran were used for the determination of their genetic relationships by using RAPD markers. Sixty-seven RAPD decamer primers were screened, out of which twenty were amplified good, reproducible and polymorphic fragments among accessions. From a total of 309 recorded fragments, 174 were polymorphic between accessions (57.64%). The Jaccard’s similarity coefficients ranged from 0.15 (between the wild accession and Poost-Sefide-Torsh cv.) to 0.95 (between ‘Shirin-Shahvar’ and ‘Shirine-Hastei’). The collective resolving power (R p ) rate value of 36.08 was scored for all RAPD primer bands. UPGMA dendrogram clustered the accessions in agreement with their geographical origins. In addition, nine SSRs loci were examined on these accessions that only one of them was polymorphic. This study revealed that the wild accession of pomegranate was genetically different from domesticated ones, indicating that wild genotypes are worthy for consideration in breeding programs of pomegranate.
AVID leadership: a skills approach to transformational change

xiii Chapter One: Introduction . 1 Recent Data: Transformational Change . 7 Statement of the Problem . 8 Statement of the Purpose . 9 Research Questions . 10 Significance of Topic . 11 Key Definitions . 12 Key Assumptions . 14 Limitations of Study . 14 Summary . 14 Chapter Two: Literature Review . 17 Benjamin Bloom. 18 Skills Approach . 20 Transformational Leadership . 21 Pedagogy and Andragogy . 23 Inquiry-based Approach . 24 Strengths-based Focus . 28 Mindset . 28 Socratic Leadership . 32 Transformational Change . 40 Mastery Learning . 41
Electrophoretic identification of clones in trembling aspen

Electrophoretic techniques which can be used to aid the identification of clones are described. An example using members (putative ramets) from 10 morphologically distinct putative clones of trembling aspen is presented. In this example, it is demonstrated that phenotypically uniform groups of trees (putative clones) can actually be composed of several electrophoretically distinct genotypes.
Climate is a stronger driver of tree and forest growth rates than soil and disturbance

1. Essential resources such as water, nutrients and light vary over space and time and plant growth rates are expected to vary accordingly. We examined the effects of climate, soil and logging disturbances on diameter growth rates at the tree and stand level, using 165 1‐ha permanent sample plots distributed across Bolivian tropical lowland forests.
A revision of the genus Pseudoscopelus Lütken (Chiasmodontidae: Acanthomorphata) with descriptions of three new species

Pseudoscopelus Lütken is a genus of meso- and bathypelagic fishes with a worldwide distribution. The genus is the most diversified within the family Chiasmodontidae, containing 16 valid species, three of which are described herein as new: Pseudoscopelus scriptus Lütken, from the western Central and North Atlantic; P. sagamianus Tanaka, from the Eastern Pacific and Indian Ocean; P. altipinnis Parr, widely distributed in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; P. cephalus Fowler, only known from the type locality in the Indo-Pacific; P. obtusifrons Fowler, from the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; P. scutatus Krefft, widely distributed in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; P. aphos Prokofiev and Kukuev, from the western North Atlantic; P. parini Prokofiev and Kukuev, from the western Central Pacific to Hawaiian islands; P. astronesthidens Prokofiev and Kukuev, from the North Atlantic; P. australis Prokofiev and Kukuev, widely distribution in the southern parts of the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific Oceans, and in the Southern Ocean; P. pierbartus Spitz, Quéro and Vayne, from the North Atlantic and western South Atlantic; P. bothrorrhinos Melo, Walker Jr. and Klepadlo, from the western Pacific and Indian Ocean; P. lavenbergi Melo, Walker Jr. and Klepadlo, from the western North, western Central and western South Atlantic, P. paxtoni new species, from the western South Pacific; P. cordilluminatus new species, from the Indian Ocean and eastern South Atlantic; and P. odontoglossum new species, from the Central Pacific. Herein, Pseudoscopelus stellatus is placed in synonymy of P. scriptus; P. albeolus, in synonymy of P. australis; and P. vityazi, in synonymy of P. parini. Pseudoscopelus microps is confirmed as a junior synonym of P. altipinnis. A key to the species of Pseudoscopelus is provided as well as updated diagnoses, redescriptions, areas and distribution maps, based on extensive examination of collection material and comparison with type specimens.
Diversity and conservation status of the herpetofauna for an area from north of Hidalgo, Mexico

Actualmente las medidas de conservacion carecen de informacion adecuada para asignar algunas especies de anfibios y reptiles dentro de las categorias de proteccion. En este estudio se analizo y comparo la herpetofauna de bosque mesofilo de montana (BMM) y bosque tropical perennifolio (BTP) de un area al norte de Hidalgo. Para este estudio, se realizo trabajo de campo (24 sitios) y revision de la literatura. Ademas, se analizo el estado de conservacion de las especies. La herpetofauna del municipio de Tepehuacan de Guerrero, Hidalgo, Mexico consta de 70 especies (20 anfibios y 50 reptiles), nueve de estas especies son registros historicos que no fueron encontrados en el presente estudio. El BMM fue mas diverso (39 especies) que el BTP (37 especies). Existen discrepancias entre las agencias nacionales e internacionales de conservacion con respecto al estado de amenaza de estas especies. La alta biodiversidad en el BMM y BTP podria sugerir que este sitio es un area importante para la conservacion. En este estudio, proponemos reevaluar las categorias de conservacion de la herpetofauna del estado de Hidalgo
Hyaluronan and its degradation products have opposing effects on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathogenesis that are dependent and independent of CD44

65 Introduction 66 Results 69 Discussion 79 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Future Directions 83 A role for CD44-HA interactions in CD4+ T-cell extravasation in CNS 83 demyelinating disease CD44 on WT T-cells may be involved in capture and rolling 85 Degradation of HMW HA from CD44 on ECs may promote CNS 86 Inflammation Are HA fragments truly ‘danger signals’? 92 References 96
Fishes of Marine Protected Areas Near La Jolla, California

Abstract The marine waters surrounding La Jolla, California have a diverse array of habitats and include several marine protected areas (MPAs). We compiled a list of the fish species occurring in the vicinity based on records of specimens archived in the Marine Vertebrate Collection (MVC) of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). Collection of fishes from La Jolla in the MVC started in 1905, but greatly accelerated in 1944 when Carl L. Hubbs moved to SIO. By 1964, 90% of the 265 species recorded from the area had been collected and archived in the MVC. The fishes of La Jolla are dominated by species whose center of distribution is north of Point Conception (111 species), or between there and Punta Eugenia (96), with fewer species with southern distributions (57), and one exotic species. Reflecting the diversity of habitats in the area, soft-substrate species number 135, pelagic species 63, canyon-dwelling species 123 (including 35 rockfish species of the genus Sebastes), and hard-bottom species 140. We quantified the abundance of the latter group between 2002 and 2005 by counting visible fishes in transects along the rocky coastline of La Jolla, both within and adjacent to one of the region's MPAs. In 500 transects, we counted over 90,000 fishes representing 51 species. The fish communities inside and outside of the MPA were similar and, typical of southern California kelp forests, numerically dominated by Blacksmith, Chromis punctipinnis (Pomacentridae), and Señorita, Oxyjulis californica (Labridae). Natural history collections such as the MVC are important resources for conservation biology for determining the faunal composition of MPAs and surrounding habitats, and documenting both the disappearance and invasion of species.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOFILM FORMATION BY SELECTED FOODBORNE PATHOGENS

Strains of Listeria monocytogenes, Serratia liquefaciens, Shigella boydii, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Bacillus cereus were used to evaluate bacterial biofilm-forming ability in trypticase soy broth (TSB; pH 6 and pH 7) at 37C. The biofilm development was determined by using the crystal violet method and the degree of biofilm formation was expressed as the specific biofilm formation (SBF) index. Among all strains tested, L. monocytogenes and S. liquefaciens formed strong biofilms in half-strength TSB (pH 6), showing 2.79 and 3.85 of SBF indices, respectively. The numbers of adhered L. monocytogenes and S. liquefaciens increased to 7.57 and 7.91 cfu/slide, respectively, after 36 h. The increase in the biofilm formation of L. monocytogenes and S. liquefaciens was shown in the scanning electron microscopy micrographs. The protein profile differences were observed between biofilms and planktonic cells, suggesting that biofilm-specific protein expression is involved in the biofilm development. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Since the biofilm formation has been a major concern to the food processors and medical devices, it is worthwhile to characterize the biofilm formation of foodborne pathogens under food processing-related stress conditions. The results suggest that foodborne pathogens have distinctive patterns of biofilm formation. Therefore, it might be useful information to better understand the mechanism of biofilm formation in different environmental conditions and evaluate the infectivity and pathogenicity of biofilm-forming foodborne pathogens.
Improved isolation of bioactive components of bovine colostrum using cross‐flow microfiltration

Bovine colostrum contains bioactive components such as growth factors, immunoglobulins and antimicrobial factors. As conventional heat treatment methods inactivate these valuable components, cross-flow microfiltration (MF) seems to be a promising option for the processing of bovine colostrum. A series of cross-flow MF experiments with tubular ceramic membranes of various pore sizes and geometries were conducted. MF with pore sizes of 0.8 and 1.4 μm resulted in a 5.4- and 3.5-log reduction of the microbial content, respectively. Applying 0.14- and 0.2-μm membranes lead to a permeate that was almost free from micro-organisms and casein. However, the maximum transmission of whey protein into the permeate was only 33%.
Fecal Reproductive Steroid Profiles for Monitoring Reproductive Patterns in Female Formosan Black Bears (Ursus Thibetanus Formosanus)

Fecal sexual estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) analyses were conducted on three adult female Formosan black bears in order to establish non-invasive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for describing the endocrine profile in a simulated natural breeding environment. Moreover, we investigated whether the Formosan black bear living in subtropical habitats in Taiwan is a seasonal breeder with delayed embryo implantation, ovulation pattern, and maternal perinatal fasting. Our results indicate that mating behavior occurred both before and after the fecal E2 peak of March–June. Fecal P4 concentrations initially increased after mating, then decreased to lower levels, and finally increased again, which is indicative of a delayed embryo-implantation. Fecal P4 levels decreased postpartum. Peaks of fecal P4 levels were also observed in unmated female bears housed with male bears without coitus: their annual fecal P4 levels were higher from winter to spring, similar to the pregnant female bear. Interestingly, only pregnant female bears displayed a physiological state of fasting before and after parturition. These results suggest that Formosan black bears' breeding is seasonal and takes place from spring to early summer. Delayed implantation, maternal perinatal fasting and induced ovulation from male stimulation independent of coital stimulation alone are typical for the species.
Carbon and Nitrogen Transport during Grain Filling in Rice Under High-temperature Conditions

Rice (Oryza sativa cv. Koshihikari) seedlings were grown in a sandy dune soil in pots with a basal dressing of N (0.5 g N), P and K. Two N treatments were applied, a +N treatment in which a top dressing of 15 N-labeled 0.5 g N was supplied on July 20 and a )N treatment in which no additional fertilizer was supplied. During the grain-filling stage from August 6 to 13, plants were subjected to one of three temperature treatments; controlled low temperature, LT (day/night 28/23 � C), controlled high temperature, HT (35/30 � C) and uncontrolled glasshouse temperature, UT (day/night averages, 38/26 � C). All plants were then exposed to 13 CO2 for 1 h on August 11 in a growth chamber at 25 � C. On August 13, all plants were harvested and the 13 C and 15 N abundances and starch and sugar concentrations in the ears, shoots and roots were determined. The 13 C content of the ear was lower in UT than in LT irrespective of the +N or )N treatment. The translocation of 15 N to the ears was also slightly depressed in UT compared with LT. Under high-temperature conditions (HT and UT), the starch content per plant was reduced for )N, but for +N, it was not significantly different among the temperature treatments. A high accumulation of sucrose was observed in all plant parts under UT conditions. It is suggested that extreme high day temperatures during the grain-filling period may reduce starch synthesis in the grains and, especially so under N-deficient conditions. High temperatures also induce an accumulation of sucrose and a decrease in carbon and nitrogen transport from the shoots to the ears via the phloem.
Assessment of Eastern Bristlebird habitat: Refining understanding of appropriate habitats for reintroductions

Summary The cryptic Eastern Bristlebird (Dasyornis brachypterus) is an endangered endemic of south-eastern Australia. Its distribution is highly fragmented with only two populations exceeding 500 individuals. Consequently, recovery planning includes translocation to increase the number of viable populations. The Eastern Bristlebird is typically found in low, dense vegetation. The species occurs in 26 different plant communities throughout its range, which suggests that it might be considered a habitat generalist. However, two studies based on aural surveys have demonstrated that it was conspicuous at heath-wood ecotones. Radiotracking was used to overcome reliance on aural surveys and to investigate the habitat of 12 Eastern Bristlebirds at 50-m wide heath-wood ecotones in two sites at Jervis Bay. Although individual birds appeared either to prefer or avoid the heath, ecotone or wood, there was no consistent pattern of habitat selection and there was no attraction to, or avoidance of, the heath-wood edge at species level. The present study provides further evidence that although heath-wood ecotones may provide suitable habitat for some individual Eastern Bristlebirds, the species is neither dependent on, nor confined to, heath-wood ecotones. This knowledge was an important consideration in the selection of two host sites for recently conducted reintroductions of the species.
Characterization of chromosome complement in Achillea fragrantissima (Forsk) Schultz-Bip. analyzed by DAPI and FISH

Chromosome characterization of Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk) Sch. was investigated to find distribution of the A-T heterochromatin rich regions and both 5S and 45S rDNA’s by DAPI and FISH. The chromosomes DAPI-stained showed DAPI-positive bands on interphase and metaphase chromosome complement, of which fifteen chromosomes had terminal bands on both arms and three chromosomes had single positive DAPI bands on a single arm. Applying FISH simultaneously by using the digoxigenin labeled pTa71 probe of 45S rDNA and biotin labeled probe of 5S rDNA on the mitotic chromosomes showed four red and yellow colored signals that were four red terminals and four yellow interstitials obtained after hybridization of the probes with metaphase chromosomes.