Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Orthopaedic surgeons, neurologists and neurosurgeons views of the chiropractic profession in South Africa

The purpose of this study was to determine the views of orthopaedic surgeons, neurosurgeons and neurologists with regard to the chiropractic profession in South Africa, in order to establish a knowledge base to facilitate greater understanding and thus co-operation between orthodox medicine and chiropractic. A greater understanding of the effectiveness and benefits of chiropractic by the medical profession could lead to greater co-operation between the two professions. This would allow chiropractic to better administer its' services to the public via unprejudiced free market access to patients and organised patient referral systems. A questionnaire with an introductory letter was mailed to the entire population of orthopaedic surgeons, neurosurgeons and neurologists resident in South Africa who were registered with the South African Medical and Dental Council as at 30 June 1995 (N=619). 164 questionnaires were returned in total, constituting a response rate of 26,5%. The survey consisted of questions regarding the respondents general views on chiropractic, chiropractic therapeutic efficacy, chiropractic scope of practice, inter-professional relations, and chiropractic utilization. The results were statistically analyzed using cross-tabulation and chi-square analysis. The results were represented by means of frequency tables and crosstabulation and graphically represented using bar graphs. The majority of South African neurologists, neurosurgeons and orthopaedic surgeons who responded to the survey were not well informed about chiropractic. Although many respondents believed chiropractic to be effective for some patients, a high percentage were still uncomfortable with chiropractic. Significantly, neurosurgeons who responded to the survey were informed to a greater extent about chiropractic and believed it to be more effective than did neurologists and orthopaedic surgeons (p=O,OI05728). A meaningful number of inter-referrals occurs between chiropractors and neurologists, neurosurgeons and orthopaedic surgeons in South Africa. Neurosurgeons also refer more patients to and receive more referrals from chiropractors than do neurologists or orthopaedic surgeons. The majority of respondents to the survey believed that chiropractic is not important in serving in a primary health care capacity and should adopt a supportive and rehabilitative role in the South African health care system. The majority of respondents to the survey also believed that chiropractic is limited to treating neuro-musculo-skeletal problems and that chiropractic should exist either under medical supervision or as a limited medical profession. The sample size (n=164) of this survey negatively affected the statistical significance of the study. Any similar studies conducted in the future should attempt to increase the sample size so as to avoid under-representation of results.
Evaluation of genetic diversity and relationships among eight Russian and Ukrainian cattle breeds based on microsatellite markers

In recent years, special attention has been paid both to the preservation of the genetic diversity of cattle breeds in the Russian Federation and Ukraine, and to the evaluation of the breeds’ ‘purity’, especially in relation to undesirable recessive lethal mutations. The main goal of our work was to assess the genetic diversity of the main cattle breeds bred in the Russian Federation and Ukraine using microsatellite DNA loci, as well as to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships between them. An analysis of molecular genetic diversity was carried out in different cattle breeds represented both in the Russian Federation and Ukraine. A total of 752 individuals, which belonged to eight breeds of the dairy and meat productivity directions were studied. Ten microsatellite loci recommended by ISAG-FAO and arranged in one multiplex panel (ETH3, INRA023, TGLA227, BM1818, TGLA122, SPS115, TGLA53, BM2113, BM1824 and ETH10) were used as DNA markers. Some alleles were found with a very high frequency in most of the studied cattle breeds and, thus, they can be considered as species-specific for the species Bos taurus as a whole. These were alleles 262 and 266 bp (for BM1818), 180 and 188 bp (for BM1824), 125-127 and 133-135 bp (for BM2113), 217-219 bp (for ETH10), 248 and 252 bp (for SPS115). All breeds included in the analysis are characterized by a very high genetic uniqueness based on microsatellite loci; the accuracy of assigning the studied individuals to their own population varied within the range of 95–100%. In general, all breeds studied are grouped into two clusters. Cluster No. 1 contains genetic groups originating from Holstein, and cluster No. 2 contains the remaining breeds. Three breeds (Ayrshire, Simmental and Russian Red Pied) are characterized by very low estimates of the effective population size (less than 50 animals), which may lead to the loss of their genetic uniqueness in the future. In the study of eight dairy and meat cattle breeds that are bred in the Russian Federation and Ukraine, we found that the breeds differ significantly in the genetic polymorphism indicators over ten MS-DNA loci used. Moreover, the level of allelic diversity for the studied breeds was determined, primarily, by the presence and number of rare (and/or “private”) alleles. This may be due to the manifestation of different mechanisms of the formation and maintenance of genetic polymorphism in breeds, based on productivity direction.
More useful or not so bad? Examining the effects of utility value and cost reduction interventions in college physics.

This study compared two expectancy-value-theory-based interventions designed to promote college students’ motivation and performance in introductory college physics. The utility value intervention was adapted from prior research and focused on helping students relate course material to their lives in order to perceive the material as more useful. The cost reduction intervention was novel and aimed to help students perceive the challenges of their physics course as less psychologically costly to them. Students (N = 148) were randomly assigned to the utility value intervention, cost reduction intervention, or a control condition. Participants completed intervention or control activities online at 2 points during the semester. Their motivational beliefs and values were measured twice, once immediately after the intervention or control activities ended and again at the end of the semester. Both interventions improved students’ grades and exam scores relative to the control group (ds from 0.24–0.30), with stronger effects for students with lower initial course exam scores (ds from 0.72–0.90). Unexpectedly, both interventions’ effects were explained in part by initially lower performing students reporting higher competence-related beliefs and lower cost immediately after they received either intervention compared with lower performing students in the control condition. Results suggest that cost reduction and utility value interventions are both useful tools for improving students’ science, technology, engineering, and mathematics course performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Evaluation of Decay and Filling Dental Index in the 7 Years Old Children of Iran and Its Relationship with Economic Inequity

Objectives: To determine the status of tooth decay and filling, in 7-year-old Iranian children, as well as a relationship with economic inequity Methods: This cross-sectional studywasconducted in 8 cities of Iran usingrandomcluster sampling. In the selected cities, anumber of primary schools were considered and all first grade students were evaluated. The data of the dental status of the students were collected from the health IDs completed in the beginning of the educational year. Results: Of 4614 selected students, 4106 participated in the study (response rate=89). Themeannumberof decayedandfilled teeth was 1.7 (1.51 - 1.88) and 0.26 (0.22 - 0.29), respectively. The mean number of decayed (P = 0.330) and filled (P = 0.148) teeth showed no difference between boys and girls. The distribution of the number of decayed (1.16 to 2.06) and filled (0.15 to 0.4) teeth was different in different cities (P < 0.001). Parental education had an inverse and direct relationship with the number of decayed and filled teeth, respectively (P < 0.001). Moreover, 41.62 (37.36 - 45.88) and 16.56 (14.46 - 18.66) of 7-year-old Iranian children had at least 1 decayed and filled tooth, respectively. The concentration index was 0.016 (0.012) for decayed and 0.165 (0.020) for filled teeth. Conclusions:We evaluated the dental status of 7-year-old Iranian children in this study for the first time. According to our findings, 58 of 7-year-old children have dental problems such as carries as well as fillings. Economic inequity, in the distribution of filled teeth, indicated a high number of filled teeth in the wealthy class of the society. Â© 2017, Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics.
Double balloon enteroscopy improves ERCP success in patients with modified small bowel anatomy

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) on the success of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures in patients with surgically modified gastrointestinal (GI) tract anatomy. METHODS: The medical records of patients who underwent ERCP in the Gastroenterology Department of Kocaeli University School of Medicine hospital between December 2008 and September 2014 were examined. From the patient group that was scheduled to undergo DBE-ERCP, the details of cases in which ERCP via standard duodenoscope or DBE-ERCP was performed during the same session because standard ERCP failed were included. Procedure parameters, outcomes, and complications related to the procedure in both groups were analyzed. Patients who underwent the DBE-ERCP procedure directly, those who underwent push enteroscopy, or gastroscopy to evaluate the GI tract anatomy before the day of ERCP, and who underwent DBE-ERCP on a day other than the initial ERCP session were excluded. Afferent loop intubation, access to the major papilla, selective cannulation, therapeutic success rates, and the effect of DBE on overall procedure success were evaluated. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients with a history of BII gastrojejunostomy and 11 patients with hepaticojejunostomy (with or without Roux-en-Y) were included in the study. In all patients, the ERCP procedure was initiated with a standard duodenoscope. If intubation of the afferent loop was unsuccessful in reaching the major papilla or enterobiliary anastomosis, DBE was used. In 30 (48.4%) of the 62 patients whose GI tract was anatomically altered, the duodenoscope was successfully advanced to the ampulla and 27 (43.5%) were cannulated successfully. Thirty-one patients underwent DBE-ERCP. DBE reached the ampulla or enterobiliary anastomosis in 30 patients (96.8%) and selective choledocus cannulation was achieved in all patients but 3 (90%), including 1 patient with a hepaticojejunostomy. The overall ERCP success rate increased from 43.5% (27/62) to 87.1% (54/62). Two perforations (1 during standard duodenoscopy and 1 with DBE-ERCP) were observed. CONCLUSION: The overall success rate of ERCP increased with use of the DBE technique in patients with small bowel anatomic variations that were the result of previous surgery.
Multiscale Pattern Recognition of Transport Network Dynamics and its Applications: A bird's eye view on transport

Cities are complex, dynamic and ever-evolving. We need to understand how these cities work in order to predict, control or optimize their operations. We have identified some open issues related to network and data complexity that need to be solved to build feasible methods for these purposes. To this end, we first build multiscale graphs automatically to address a problem that is becoming increasingly relevant in the age of big data, where reducing the network complexity could easily determine the viability of the research in real-world applications. Next, we propose different methods from different fields to extract the essence of network dynamics from the vast amount of spatiotemporal traffic data. One such method is a new way of looking at traffic patterns, combining the field of pattern recognition - with a focus on computer vision - with the traffic domain. The inspiration comes from the fact that humans are the most sophisticated pattern recognizer in the world and we use specific visual features to recognize different complex patterns and we explore if these features can also be used to recognize traffic patterns. Finally, we explore different applications of such mobility patterns such as revealing the unknown correlation between supply and demand patterns, evaluating the scalability of the proposed approach by applying the method to the entire Dutch highway network and transferability by building similar network patterns for public transport networks. Thus, this thesis develops a series of efficient data-driven methods for extracting the mobility patterns of large-scale metropolitan networks and explore some of their applications. With the increasing availability of data in the transport domain, the Achilles heel is not data scarcity anymore but rather extracting insights from this massive amount of data. This thesis is a step forward in solving this complex problem by leveraging the increased acceptance of using machine learning as a worthy and effective method for network-wide analysis of traffic patterns.
The Contribution of Vacationing Together to Couple Functioning

Informed by the Core and Balance Model of Family Leisure Functioning, we investigated the contribution of one type of family leisure—couple vacations—in enhancing couples’ cohesion and flexibility (i.e., functioning). Studying dyadic data from 112 couples (224 individuals) from across the United States of America, results of multilevel models showed that the variable “shared experiences during vacations” was positively associated with couples’ day-to-day functioning at home. Couples who engaged in higher levels of shared experiences during their vacations, such as effective communication, showing affection, or experiencing new things together, reported higher levels of couple flexibility and cohesion following their vacations, regardless of the number of vacations. We discuss the implications of these results for couples who spend quality time together away from home, as well as future use of our study model when examining benefits of vacationing for families.
Full-Analog Parasitic Capacitance Compensation for AC-Excited Differential Sensors

Capacitive sensors are popular, especially due to the possibility to be integrated together with the readout circuit. In particular, differential implementations are intrinsically insensitive to common-mode noise. Unfortunately, stray capacitances can significantly alter the sensor output value, worsening the performance. This article proposes a novel solution based on an autotuning feedback loop to compensate for parasitic effects, thus preserving measurement performance. In particular, a voltage-controlled negative impedance converter is driven by a feedback loop, in order to control the current flowing in the sensor. The proposed solution can work with the both linear and hyperbolic type of sensors and with any voltage-mode sensor interfaces. An experimental setup, comprising the proposed compensating circuit, a De-Sauty bridge-based sensor front end and an emulated sensor, has been arranged to evaluate obtainable performance. Results show that the linearity error is decreased from more than 10%, without compensation, to less than 1%, when the proposed system is applied.
Developing Professionalism in Dentistry: A Systematic Review

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: Professionalism is a core competency and concern in all health professional education. Evidence from nursing and medicine suggests the evidence base for approaches to developing and assessing professionalism at undergraduate level is weak. In 2015, notifications, imposed sanctions, and in some cases de-registration against dental practitioners for reported incidences of breaches in infection control in New South Wales, Australia, have refreshed the essential need for dental practitioners to promote public safety and protection. Aim: To investigate the evidence for clinical education practice approaches to develop professionalism in dentistry. Methods: Relevant electronic databases were searched for full-text peer reviewed papers relating to dental practitioners published between 2000 and June 2016 in English. All research designs were included. Following initial and detailed screening, included papers were independently quality appraised and strength of evidence graded by two independent reviewers. Results: Removal of duplicates resulted in 195 unique papers; following screening 34 full text articles were assessed for eligibility resulting in 15 papers evaluated in this review. Eight different clinical education approaches were identified. Most studies were of low quality and reported low levels of educational outcomes based on Kirkpatrick’s Hierarchy. There is a lack of good quality evidence to support any one approach to develop professionalism in dentistry. What evidence there is focuses on low level educational outcomes such as learners experience. Conclusions: Low level outcomes is common in educational research and therefore unsurprising. More disappointing was failure to adequately justify the methodology and the absence on the definition of dental professionalism. The research findings is consistent with the evidence across other health professions internationally. There is scope for an inter-professional approach to tackle the challenge developing and subsequently assessing professionalism.
Conventional versus Drug-eluting Beads Trans-arterial Chemoembolization for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma at Very Early and Early Stages

Methods: We retrospectively compared patients treated with C-TACE (n=115) or DEB-TACE (n=103) from September 2009 to May 2016. All patients were in a very early (stage 0) or early stage (stage A) of the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system, and all had Child– Pugh class A and ≤B7 liver status. Approval by the institutional review board was waived because the study was retrospective. The following parameters were evaluated: severe pain and bradycardia during TACE, post-embolization syndrome (PES), liver function change, complications, target tumor response, and conversion to another treatment modality. Numeric differences were assessed by the independent Student’s t-test for continuous variables and by chi-square test for categorical variables.
Stretching the Border: Shopping, Petty Trade and Everyday Life Experiences in the Polish–Ukrainian Borderland

This article examines the practices and experiences of Ukrainian border crossers who are engaged in informal small-scale economic practices, namely shopping and petty trade, at the Medyka border crossing in Poland. By examining the societal, network and territorial embeddedness of the economic activities of these border crossers, we aim to shed light on the practices and experiences that form part of their daily lives. For many, the presence of the state border has become a resource for shopping and petty trade. People share a common purpose of making the most of their border crossing; they work together to plan and coordinate, or improvise and semi-plan, in the borderland and beyond, to supplement their income or to make a living. As a result, daily life for these border crossers occurs on both sides of the state border, ? stretching? the border in both a mental and a physical sense, despite the controlled institutional demarcation between Poland and Ukraine.
A review of community co-benefits of the clean development mechanism (CDM)

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has been the major international offset mechanism within the broader world of carbon finance. It was designed with two goals in mind: to lead to significant emission reductions that will help reduce the cost of climate mitigation in countries with commitments as well as contribute to sustainable development in the host countries. However, there has been significant discussion about the degree to which these projects fulfilled their dual mission of emissions reductions and sustainable development, particularly with respect to fostering local community co-benefits as part of broader sustainable development outcomes. In this paper, we review literature on the co-benefits delivered by the CDM at the local or community level, based on a group of 84 peer-reviewed articles and other reports. While perspectives on co-benefits are diverse, most sources argue or acknowledge that even with more recent procedural improvements, the CDM has not consistently delivered significant co-benefits to local communities. It appears likely that the situation has improved somewhat in recent years as CDM procedures have been refined, and there may be more opportunities for enhancing procedures to favor such benefits. There is overall variability in delivering co-benefits depending on the technology type, design features and the country context.