Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Light-Driven Production of Hydrogen Peroxide by Anchoring Au onto C3N4 Catalysts

Light-driven production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a green and sustainable way to achieve solar-to-chemical energy conversion. During such a conversion, both the high activity and the stability of catalysts were critical. We prepared an Au-supported C3N4 catalyst—i.e., Au/C3N4-500(N2)—by strongly anchoring Au nanoparticles (~5 nm) onto a C3N4 matrix—which simultaneously enhanced the activity towards the photosynthesis of H2O2 and the stability when it was reused. The yield of H2O2 reached 1320 μmol L−1 on Au/C3N4-500(N2) after 4 h of light irradiation in an acidic solution (pH 3), which was higher than that (1067 μmol L−1) of the control sample Au/C3N4-500(Air) and 2.3 times higher than that of the pristine C3N4. Particularly, the catalyst Au/C3N4-500(N2) retained a much higher stability. The yield of H2O2 had a marginal decrease on the spent catalyst—i.e., 98% yield was kept. In comparison, only 70% yield was obtained from the spent control catalyst. The robust anchoring of Au onto C3N4 improved their interaction, which remarkably decreased the Au leaching when it was used and avoided the aggregation and aging of Au particles. Minimal Au leaching was detected on the spent catalyst. The kinetic analyses indicated that the highest formation rate of H2O2 was achieved on the Au/C3N4-500(N2) catalyst. The decomposition tests and kinetic behaviors of H2O2 were also carried out. These findings suggested that the formation rate of H2O2 could be a determining factor for efficient production of H2O2.
Purification of bacterial inulinase in aqueous two‐phase systems

In this study, extracellular inulinase from Bacillus sp. 11/3 was partially purified and concentrated using aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS). Two different phase forming salts and four types of polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used. Binodal curves and tie‐length lines (TLLs) for eight ATPS were developed. For inulinase purification, concentrations of PEG and salt according to binodal curves (between 17 and 26%) were chosen. All ATPSs for inulinase purification were characterized. An ATPS consisted of 26% PEG1000 and 26% MgSO4 was found to be the most suitable for inulinase purification. This ATPS has 28.47% TLL, 1.03 of volume ratio, purification factor of 4.65 fold and recovery yield of 66.17%. On the SDS‐PAGE electrophoresis two protein bands with molecular weight of around 24 and 56 kDa were observed. The partially purified enzymes had optimal activity at pH 8.0 and 6.5, optimal temperature at 30 and 70°C and kinetic parameters Km = 26.32 mmol and Vmax = 526 mmol/min.
Nanoscale Chemical Degradation Mechanisms of Sulfate Attack in Alkali-activated Slag

Chemically induced material degradation is a major durability issue facing many technologically important materials systems, including conventional and new sustainable cementitious materials. In this study, the nanoscale chemical degradation mechanisms have been elucidated for an amorphous sodium hydroxide-activated slag paste (one type of sustainable cement) exposed to different types of sulfate-bearing solutions (i.e., Na2SO4, MgSO4, and H2SO4), by combining synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. The XRD, FTIR, and PDF results show that the chemistry and structure of the paste is essentially immune to Na2SO4 attack, whereas exposure to 5–10 wt % MgSO4 and H2SO4 cause complete disintegration of the main binder gel (i.e., sodium-containing calcium–(alumino)–silicate–hydrate), along with formation of magnesium–silicate–hydrate or silica-rich gels and extensive precipitation of gypsum. These differences a.
Highly Reproducible Sn‐Based Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells with 9% Efficiency

The low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of tin‐based hybrid perovskite solar cells (HPSCs) is mainly attributed to the high background carrier density due to a high density of intrinsic defects such as Sn vacancies and oxidized species (Sn4+) that characterize Sn‐based HPSCs. Herein, this study reports on the successful reduction of the background carrier density by more than one order of magnitude by depositing near‐single‐crystalline formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) films with the orthorhombic a‐axis in the out‐of‐plane direction. Using these highly crystalline films, obtained by mixing a very small amount (0.08 m) of layered (2D) Sn perovskite with 0.92 m (3D) FASnI3, for the first time a PCE as high as 9.0% in a planar p–i–n device structure is achieved. These devices display negligible hysteresis and light soaking, as they benefit from very low trap‐assisted recombination, low shunt losses, and more efficient charge collection. This represents a 50% improvement in PCE compared to the best reference cell based on a pure FASnI3 film using SnF2 as a reducing agent. Moreover, the 2D/3D‐based HPSCs show considerable improved stability due to the enhanced robustness of the perovskite film compared to the reference cell.
Incidence trends of mesothelioma in Norway, 1965–1999

Asbestos exposure is considered to be the only important risk factor for malignant mesothelioma. The importation of asbestos to Norway increased after World War II and peaked in 1970. Stringent regulations took effect in 1977, and importation and use of asbestos practically ended in Norway in the late 1970s, until importation was prohibited in 1982. Our study aimed to analyze the incidence of mesothelioma in Norway according to temporal variation, to study the consequences of the use of asbestos and the asbestos ban effectiveness. An age‐period‐cohort model was used to analyze time trends for pleural mesotheliomas. From 1965–1999, the annual number of pleural mesotheliomas rose gradually both in males and females, and the highest annual number of pleural mesotheliomas was recorded in 1999 with 73 new cases diagnosed. The age‐adjusted log linear drift of malignant mesothelioma of the pleura during the observation period rose 31.1% per 5 years among men and 15.9% among women. In 1995–1999, the age‐adjusted incidence rate for men was 16.6 per million person‐years for men and 2.3 for women. Cohort‐specific risks increased for men born up to around 1935. After this the risks seem to stabilize. The rates were determined by age and by birth cohort. The delayed period effect of the asbestos regulation by the late 1970s will probably have its greatest effects on the mesothelioma rates around 2010. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Irrigation water quality of Al-Gharraf Canal, south of Iraq

To evaluate the water quality of Al-Gharraf Canal south of Iraq for irrigation purpose, analysis of 12 physiochemical parameters of water samples by standard methods was carried out at five stations during the year 2016 (water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, bicarbonate, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sulfate, nitrate, sodium, potassium). Seven irrigation water quality indices were calculated like; sodium percentage (% Na), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC), Kelly’s ratio (KR), permeability index (PI), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). The results represented as diagrams (Piper, Stiff, Schoeller, Durov, Gibbs, and Wilcox) using AquaChem and RockWork hydro-chemical software. Chemical analysis for canal water demonstrates the calcic chlorinated water type, the dominance of alkalis water, the major cations was in the order of: Na+ > Ca2+ > K+ > Mg2+ and major anions was: Cl- > SO42- > HCO3- > NO3-, the mean values of the irrigation water quality indices were (in meq/l) were; SAR (2.37), % Na (43.4), PI (%) (52.3), SSP (% (38.1), MAR (%) (34.5), KR (0.61), RSBC (-1.78). The results indicate the suitability of canal water for irrigational purposes based on the calculated indices for the majority of crops under special management for salinity and permeability control. The presentation of chemical analysis by diagrams and numbers makes understanding of complex water system too simpler and quicker. This study is a comprehensive assessment towards providing indicators and classification indices on irrigation water quality of the canal ecosystem, which will be the basis for future planning decisions on agricultural demand management measures and water quality monitoring to protect this principal water resource.
Well-designed WO3/Activated carbon composite for Rhodamine B Removal: Synthesis, characterization, and modeling using response surface methodology

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the preparation of WO3 oxide nanoparticle/Activated carbon composite (WO3/AC) for Rhodamine B (RhB) adsorption. The prepared samples were characterized using X-Ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (BET), Raman Spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric analyses (ATG-ATD). Adsorption experiments of RhB onto WO3/AC were carried out in a batch reactor and different operational parameters were investigated. The RhB adsorption process was well fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models (1666.67mg.g−1). Moreover, the values of thermodynamic parameters indicate the spontaneous, endothermic and physisorption adsorption nature. Finally, adsorption mechanism was proposed on the basis Raman analyses before and after adsorption.
3D zinc@carbon fiber composite framework anode for aqueous Zn–MnO2 batteries

Rechargeable aqueous batteries are one of the most promising large-scale energy storage devices because of their environment-friendly properties and high safety advantages without using flammable and poisonous organic liquid electrolyte. In addition, rechargeable Zn–MnO2 batteries have great potential due to their low-cost resources as well as high energy density. However, dendritic growth of the zinc anode hinders the exertion of cycling stability and rate capacity in an aqueous Zn–MnO2 battery system. Here we use an electrochemical deposition method to in situ form a three-dimensional (3D) zinc anode on carbon fibers (CFs). This 3D Zn@CFs framework has lower charge transfer resistance with larger electroactive areas. Batteries based on the 3D zinc framework anode and α-MnO2 nanowire cathode present enhanced rate capacity and long cycling stability, which is promising for utilization in other zinc anode based aqueous batteries as an effective way to solve dendrite formation.
Preparation and characterizations of inherent flame retarded polyamide 66 containing the phosphorus linking pendent group

Polyamide 66 (PA66) containing the phosphorus linking pendent group with inherent flame retardancy property was prepared by condensation polymerization of hexamethylene diammonium adipate (AH salt) and 9,10-dihydro-10-[2,3-di(hydroxycarbonyl)propyl]-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DDP) as a co-monomer. Prior to condensation polymerization, DDP was reacted with hexamethylene diamine (HMDA), which made DDP easier to react with AH salt. Then, the DDP-HMDA was introduced into AH salt solution to prepare inherent flame retarded PA66 (FRPA66). Fourier transform infrared spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile test, vertical burning test, limiting oxygen index test, cone calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to investigate the properties of FRPA66. Experimental results indicated that the bulky pendent phosphorus group tended to destroy the structure regularity of FRPA66 and the molecular weight, crystallinity, and thermal stability reduced. The tensile strength of FRPA66 containing 5 wt% of DDP was 58.44 MPa, and it can achieve a V-0 rating according to the vertical burning test with the limiting oxygen index value of 33.2%. This indicated that the inherent flame retarded PA66 expanded the application of PA66 materials.
Axial tensile properties and flexibility characteristics of elementary units from multidimensional bamboo-based composites: radial and tangential moso bamboo slivers

Abstract Bamboo sliver (BS) is a potential elementary unit for multidimensional bamboo-based composites (MBBCs). Axial tensile and flexibility characteristics of thin radial (R) and tangential (T) BSs (BSR and BST with a thickness of 0.5–2.0 mm) have been studied. Axial tensile strength (AxTS) and modulus of elasticity (AxMOE) were positively correlated with the vascular tissue ratio (VTR), and the tensile properties of slices with 43–51% VTR increased more rapidly than in the VTR range of 20–36%. In axial tensile tests, cracks propagated along a V or Z route in BSR, while fibers were pulled out in the central section in case of BST. AxTS and AxMOE values increased with decreasing moisture content (MC) at 6.2–16.6% below 75°C. Flexural flexibility (FF) was enhanced with increasing MC and VTR, and the effect of MC on FF was amplified with MCs below the fiber saturation point (FSP). In situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation during flexural tests revealed a deformation resistance of vascular tissue (VT) and the deformation disposition of parenchyma.
Signal-dependent and signal-independent functions of the B-cell receptor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Signals generated by the B-cell receptor (BCR) are considered to play a key role in the pathogenesis of several B-cell malignancies. This especially refers to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), where the malignant B cells frequently express BCRs with nearly-identical “stereotyped” antigen-
Effect of methyl position on the dynamic mechanical and shape‐memory properties of cresol‐based polybenzoxazines

Three difunctional benzoxazines were synthesized from cresol isomers (o-, m-, and p-methylphenols), 1,3-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, and formaldehyde. The ring-opening polymerization temperature decreases in the order of ortho-, para-, and meta-positions of methyl group for the benzoxazine monomers, whereas the glass transition temperature increases in the order of ortho-, para-, and meta-positions of methyl group for the resultant polybenzoxazines. In addition, the polybenzoxazines exhibit one-way dual-shape-memory behavior in response to changes in temperature, and the shape-memory effects are evaluated by tensile and bending tests with a temperature program based on glass transition temperature. The o- and p-cresol-based polybenzoxazines exhibit higher shape-memory performance than their m-cresol-based analogue/counterpart. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45443.
Effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel upon exposure to palm biodiesel

Recently biodiesel as an alternative fuel is getting more significance to replace diesel fuel completely or partially. However, corrosion of automotive materials in biodiesel is a major concern as this can reduce of engine life. This study aims to investigate the corrosion behaviour of mild steel at three different temperatures viz., room temperature, 50 and 80˚C. Static immersion tests in B0 (diesel), B50 (50% biodiesel in diesel), B100 (biodiesel) were carried out for 1200 hours. At the end of the tests, corrosion characteristic was investigated by weight loss measurements and changes of the exposed metal surface. Fuels were analyzed by using TAN analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in order to investigate the change in acidity and oxidation of fuel respectively upon exposure. Surface morphology was examined by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Corrosion products were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed that the corrosion of mild steel increases with increasing temperature. Exposure of biodiesel to mild steel at high temperature increases the water content and oxidation products.
Malformaciones congénitas en hijos de madres con diabetes gestacional

Background: The risk of congenital malformations is two to three times higher among women with diabetes mellitus before pregnancy. Gestacional diabetes is emerging as a risk factor for malformations. Aim: To study the rate and type of congenital malformations among offspring of women with pre-gestational or gestational diabetes. Material and methods: A search in the databases of the Collaborative Latin American Study for Congenital Malformations and of the Neonatology Unity of The University of Chile Clinical Hospital. All births from January 1998 through June 2004 were investigated. Results: In the study period, 13,965 births occurred, of which 0.7% were stillbirths and 8.1% had malformations. A total of 295 women (2.1%) had diabetes (gestational diabetes in 1.8% and pre gestational diabetes in 0.3%). The prevalence of congenital malformations was 14% and 18.3% among offspring of mothers with pre-gestational and gestational diabetes, respectively (p=NS). The prevalence of congenital malformations among offspring of non diabetic women was 7.9% (p <0.001 with respect to diabetic women). Major malformations were found in 83% and 70% of malformed offspring of women with pre-gestational and gestational diabetes, respectively. Conclusions: Pregnant women with pre-existing or gestational diabetes have a higher risk of giving birth a child with malformations
Índice de acidez do óleo de peixe na nutrição de alevinos de tilápia

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes índices de acidez do óleo de peixe na nutrição de alevinos de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). Para tanto, 160 alevinos com peso e comprimento total inicial médio de 29,49 ± 1,29 g e 11,87 ± 0,13 cm, respectivamente, foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em 16 hapas com 0,15 m3 de volume útil dispostos em um tanque de concreto com capacidade volumétrica de 25 m3. Foram elaboradas quatro rações extrusadas, sendo uma a base de óleo de soja (controle) com índice de acidez de 0,24, e três rações a base de óleo de peixe com índices de acidez de 1,48; 6,40 e 9,85. Os peixes foram alimentados quatro vezes ao dia até a saciedade aparente. Foram avaliados o desempenho produtivo, a composição centesimal e as características hematológicas dos animais. Ao final do período experimental observou-se que os parâmetros analisados não foram influenciados pelos índices de acidez avaliados (P>0,05). Portanto, o óleo de peixe pode ser fornecido aos animais independente de seu índice de acidez, sem proporcionar diferenças no desempenho zootécnico.
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for determination of optical properties and chromophore concentrations of mice internal organs in the range of 350 nm to 1860 nm

The development of photomedical modalities for diagnostics and treatment has created a need for knowledge of the optical properties of the targeted biological tissues. These properties are essential to plan certain procedures, since they determine the light absorption, propagation and penetration in tissues. One way to measure these properties is based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). DRS can provide light absorption and scattering coefficients for each wavelength through a non-invasive, fast and in situ interrogation, and thereby tissue biochemical information. In this study, reflectance measurements of ex vivo mice organs were investigated in a wavelength range between 350 and 1860 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this range is broader than previous studies reported in the literature and is useful to study additional chromophores with absorption in the extended wavelength range. Also, it may provide a more accurate concentration of tissue chromophores when fitting the reflectance spectrum in this extended range. In order to extract these concentrations, optical properties were calculated in a wide spectral range through a fitting routine based on an inverse Monte-Carlo look-up table model. Measurements variability was assessed by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficients between each pair of measured spectra of the same type of organ.
Tree Growth and Nutrient Dynamics in Pine Plantations in Southern Brazil

ABSTRACT For the development of nutrient budget models to recommend lime and fertilizers for agricultural and forestry crops, curves of plant growth and nutrient accumulation are required. Information about how nutrients are partitioned between the different plant organs is also necessary, but still scarce for pine in Brazil. This study evaluated the growth, biomass partitioning, and nutrient dynamics in pine forests in southern Brazil. To this end, we assessed unthinned 2, 4, 6, and 8-year-old stands of Pinus taeda L. [. ]
Decoding, semantic processing, and reading comprehension skill.

COLINKOFF, ROBERTA MICHNICK, and ROSINSKI, RICHARD R. Decoding, Semantic Processing, and Reading Comprehension Skill. CrILD DEVELOPMENT, 1976, 47, 252-258. To explore the relationship between single-word decoding, single-word semantic processing, and text comprehension skill, a set of decoding tests and picture-word interference tasks were administered to third and fifth graders who were skilled and less skilled comprehenders. While results on the decoding tests indicated that unskilled comprehenders possessed weak decoding skills compared to skilled comprehenders, results on the interference tasks indicated that these groups did not differ on the extraction of meaning from single printed words. These findings indicate that decoding and semantic processing are separable reading processes and that problems in reading comprehension cannot be attributed to a failure to obtain single-word meaning.
Elementary reactions involved in pollutant-forming mechanisms

The reactions of the hydroxyl radical (OH) with molecular chlorine (Reaction 1), methane (Reaction 2), and propane (Reaction 3) have been studied experimentally using a pulsed laser photolysis/pulsed-laser-induced fluorescence technique over wide ranges of temperatures (297826, 298-1009, and 296-908 K, respectively) and at pressures between 6.68 and 24.15 kPascals. The rate coefficients for these reactions exhibit no dependence on pressure and exhibit positive temperature dependences that can be represented with modified three-parameter Arrhenius expressions within their corresponding temperature ranges: k1 = 3.59 x 10Texp(745K/T)cmmoleculesec, k2 = 3.82 x 10T exp(-1136K/T)cmmoleculesec, and k3 = 6.64 x 10T exp(-271K/T)cmmoleculesec. For the OH + Cl2 reaction, the potential energy surface has been studied using quantum chemical methods which suggests OH + Cl2 HOCl + Cl as the main channel of this reaction. Density Functional Theory (DFT) along with Quadratic Configuration Interaction (QCISD(T)//DFT) calculations, with single, double, and triple electronic excitations, for the energetics of formation, stability, and reactivity of ortho-semiquinone, para-semiquinone, and the chloro-phenoxyl radicals have been performed using the 6-31G(d,p) basis set. Formation of these radicals from potential molecular precursors catechol, hydroquinone, and the chlorophenols is readily achieved under combustion conditions through unimolecular scission of the phenoxyl-hydrogen bond or abstraction of the phenoxyl hydrogen by a hydrogen atom or hydroxyl radical. The resulting radicals are resonance stabilized and resist decomposition and oxidation. The calculations strongly suggest that combustion-generated semiquinone and chloro-phenoxyl radicals are sufficiently stable and resistant to oxidation to be considered persistent in the atmospheric environment.