Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NATURAL SEXUAL OFFENCES; MEDICOLEGAL ASSESSMENT IN PUNJAB

Introduction: Globally, rape of women is a serious health, social and religious concern and is considered as a violation of women basic human right. Objective: The aim was to ascertain incidence of natural sexual offence (rape) in Punjab and to analyze the data with respect to sociodemographic characteristics, findings of medicolegal examination and results of evidence collected from victims of sexual assault. Material and Method: This retrospective study was conducted on 148 female victims of rape brought to Forensic Medicine Department of King Edward Medical University Lahore, Fatima Jinnah Medical College Lahore and Nishtar Medical College, Multan from January 2012 to December 2013 for medicolegal examination. Details pertaining to socio-demographic profile of the victim, incident, findings of medical examination and results of evidence collected were noted. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result: The most affected age group was 11-20 years (60.8 %). Majority of victims were unmarried (70.9%), non- working (79.72%) and of lower socioeconomic class (71.6%) All were Muslims (100%). The highest number of victims was examined on the second day (24.3%). 31% cases were of gang rape. Majority knew the assailant (45.9%). The commonest place of offence was an isolated place (66.2%) Extragenital injuries were seen in 10.8% cases. Hymen was intact in 3.3% victims. The tears of hymen were old in 77.6% and fresh in 22.3% cases. Semen was detected in 18.2% cases. 1.3% victims were pregnant and 4% were intoxicated. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of addressing rape as an important health issue.
The Consistency of Self-Reported Initiation of Sexual Activity

In an analysis of the consistency of self-reported age at first intercourse using longitudinal data from the National Youth Survey, 28-32% of adolescents reported an age at first intercourse inconsistent with the information they provided up to seven years later as adults. Overall, while females were the most likely to offer consistent responses (70%), while black males were the least likely to do so (27%). Multivariate analyses indicated that in addition to race and gender, some social and economic factors were significantly associated with inconsistent reporting. For example, those who lived in a two-parent household were less likely than those from a one-parent family to report an earlier age at first intercourse as adolescents than they reported as adults. After controlling for these inconsistencies, overall predictors of adolescent sexual behavior remained unchanged. Although the analysis could not determine which time period reflected more accurate data, it does suggest limitations to using self-reported data to construct estimates of adolescent sexual activity and to evaluate programs designed to alter adolescent sexual behavior.
Determining of The Prevalence of Nosocomial Infections and Causative Gram Negative Bacilli in The Intensive Care Unit

Purpose: Nosocomial infections develop after 48-72 hours of hospitalization. Gram negativebacilli are generally the causative agent. 25% of all nosocomial infections develop in theintensive care units. Therefore, patients in the intensive care units are at high risk. This studyaimed to determine the prevalence of nosocomial infections and causative gram negative bacilliin the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: 269 patients who were hospitalized in internal medicine intensivecare unit (IMICU) of Dicle University Faculty of Medicine between june 2010- December 2010were included in this study. Culture samples were taken from all of the patients who developsfever ( ≥38.5 C) after the hospitalization to the IMICU. Culture of blood, urine, sputum, centralvenous catheters, open wounds and deep tracheal aspirate were taken. Source and the prevalenceof infection and distribution of the isolated causative pathogens were determined in the patientswith gram negative bacilli reproduction.Results: 158 of the patients were male ( 58.7%) and 111 of the patients were female ( 41.3%). The mean ages of men and female were 58.81±16.91 and 56.44±19.16 years, respectively (p=0.286). culture samples were taken from blood (16%), urine ( 8.6%), central venous cathetertips ( 6.3%), deep tracheal aspirates (10%), sputum (2.2%) and wound stabs (2.2%). Nosocomialinfections were detected in 109 patients ( 40.5%). Pneumonia, urinary tract infections andgastrointestinal system infections were the most frequent infections respectively.Microorganisms were isolated from one sample in 97 patients, while 12 patients had more thanfocus. The most commonly isolated organisms were E.Coli (13.8%) and PseudomonasAeruginosa (7.4%), followed by Acinetobacter Baumannii (6.3%) and StenotrophomonasMaltophilia (3.3%). Conclusion: Nosocomial infections in intensive care units have proved to be a serious problem.Surveillance studies should be performed for the isolated causative pathogens and measuresshould be taken to prevent the development of the ICU infections
Ecthyma Gangrenosum

A case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia complicated by ecthyma gangrenosum is presented. The usefulness of monitoring aminoglycoside concentrations in the treatment of septicemia is stressed. The pathophysiology and treatment of ecthyma gangrenosum and the pharmacokinetics of tobramycin are reviewed.
Age determination in girls of north – eastern region of India

Epiphyseal union of the elbow, knee, wrist joints and pelvis was studied retrospectively on 104 girls between the age group of 16–22 yrs to determine the age roentgenographically. Regression formula with the standard errors was derived for the respective joints. The Y-values predicted by the Regression equation may not be valid if they are out side the range of the Y-values used to determine the equation. The present study establishes a reference population for age determination of girls from epiphyseal union in North – Eastern region of India.
Tensile Strength of Unidirectionally Reinforced Composites — II

A NUMBER OF theories dealing with the tensile strength of uniaxially reinorced polymer matrix composites have been published [1-13], and a number of experiments have been reported [3,14-18] on the same subject. Most of the theoretical papers apply only to single ply tapes, and therefore cannot be applied without some modification to multiple ply composites. Most of the experimental papers fail to specify the single fiber properties of the reinforcing material, making it difficult to compare with theories that use these properties to predict composite strength. A detailed review of either the theoretical or experimental literature is beyond the scope of the present paper. Rather our aim is to show how a relatively simple theory [ 13] can be used to help us understand the findings in at least one of the experiments reported in the literature. The experiment chosen for this purpose is the one considered best in regard to completeness and internal consistency of the data [16].
Histopathological correlation of abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women

Background: Current study designed to identify the causes of abnormal uterine bleeding( AUB) in perimenopausal women and also to correlate with their histopathological examination. Methods: A prospective study of 65 perimenopausal women with complaint of AUB with age group ranging from 40 to 1 year within menopause those are attending to department of gynaecology of Narayana Medical College & Hospital, Nellore. Clinical examinations between the parameters were analysed. Histopathological examination report was also correlated with clinical examination and ultrasonography. Results: Out of 65 women, 11 (16.9%) were primiparas, 36 (55.38%) were para 2, 18 (27.69%) were para 3 and above. The frequent menstrual abnormality seen in perimenopausal women is heavy menstrual bleeding i.e., 41 (63%) women out of 65 women, 14 (21.53%) had polymenorrhoea, 9 (13.84%) had oligomenorrhea, 6 (9.23%) had postmenopausal bleeding, 4 (6.15%) had intermenstrual spotting. Most common type of endometrial pattern is proliferative endometrium. Out of 65 perimenopausal women, 23 (35.38%) had proliferative type of endometrium, 20 (30.76%) women had secretory pattern, 9 (13.84%) had typical simple endometrial hyperplasia, 4 (6.15%) had atypical simple endometrial hyperplasia, 3 (4.61%) had adenomyomatous polyp, and 6 (9.2%) women had irregular ripening. Conclusions: The present study shows that Histopathological examination is mandatory in all cases of AUB in perimenopausal age. 66.14% had benign pathology which can be managed by hormonal therapy or conservative surgical modalities which alleviates need for unnecessary hysterectomy.
Incidence and risk factors of abdominal surgical site infection in a Nigerian Tertiary Health care centre

This study aims to determine the incidence of and identify the risk factors responsible for surgical site infection (SSI) following laparotomies in adult patients in a Nigerian tertiary care facility. This is a prospective study carried out between January and December 2012. Wound assessment was done using standardized criteria stipulated by the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. There were 291 patients during the study period, out of which 223 met the inclusion criteria: 157 (70.4%) males and 66 (29.6%) females. Surgical site infection was diagnosed in 85 patients giving an incidence rate of 38.1%. Identified risk factors for SSI include anaemia, contaminated and dirty wounds, retroviral disease status, physiological status (ASA scores IV and V), prolonged surgery time, cadre of surgeon, emergency surgeries and use of drains. The high incidence of SSI observed in this study was found more in patients that presented with septic abdomen and those that had large bowel procedures. Paying close attention to identified risk factors will reduce the burden of SSI.
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERN IN E.COLI CAUSING COMMUNITY- ACQUIRED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS -

Introduction: Urinary tract infections are one of the most prevalent infections both in the community and hospital settings. E.coli has emerged as the most common cause of community acquired urinary tract infections(CA-UTI). Study of its antibiotic resistance profile is pertinent for appropriate treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial pattern amongst E.coli isolates causing community acquired urinary tract infections at a tertiary care hospital in Meerut. Methodology: A total of 967 consecutive urine samples were cultured over a period of six months. E.coli was isolated using conventional methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was done for ciprofloxacin, amikacin, ampicillin/sulbactam ampicillin, nitrofurantoin, co-trimoxazole, imipenem,meropenem. Result: Of the 116 positive urine samples, 71 showed growth of E.coli. Furthermore, 35.2% of E.coli were ESBL producers.Antibiotic susceptibility of E.coli showed that 85.9% were susceptible to amikacin, 18.3% to ampicillin, 30.9% to co-trimoxazole, 47.8% to ampicillin/sulbactam, 92.9% to nitrofurantoin, 32.39% to ciprofloxacin,74.6% to meropenem and 100% to imipenem.
Obesity and Psychological Distress in Young Adults

Background: Obesity has been identified as a global epidemic and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although obesity has been widely recognized for its consequences on physical health, its psychological burden in the adult populations remains unclear. Objectives: Our purpose was to address the relationship between Obesity status and psychological health within the adult young population in the Middle East and particularly in Lebanon (first aim). In addition, we intended to develop and validate a screening tool for the assessment of psychological distress (PD) in the obese young adult populations (second aim). Methods: To achieve the first aim, three studies were conducted. The first study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that investigate the association between obesity and depression among adult populations in Middle Eastern countries. The second study was a cross sectional that aimed to explore the relationship between obesity and PD among the Lebanese University Students. The third study was conducted to examine the effects of actual body weight and body image on PD using a convenient sample of obese Lebanese young adults. The second aim was accomplished by conducting a fourth study to develop and validate a measure of PD related to obesity using three different samples of obese young adults. Results: The systematic review identified eight observational studies from six countries of the Middle East. Meta-analysis showed a significant positive association between obesity and depression (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.11–1.44) particularly in women (Study1). Among the Lebanese university students, no evidence of a positive association was found between obesity and PD for both genders (Study 2). This result was confirmed in our third study in which body image dissatisfaction rather than obesity per se was associated with greater risk for PD. Finally, the “Obesity Specific Distress scale” (OSD) developed to measure distress in the obese young adult population demonstrated good psychometric properties regarding internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity (Study 4). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggests a positive association between obesity and depression among adult population in the Middle East which appeared to be more marked among women. This is of public health significance and provides a framework for establishing policy interventions to diagnose and treat depression in obese adults. In Lebanon, young obese adults who suffer from body image dissatisfaction are at increased risk of PD. Public health interventions targeting PD at the population level may need to promote healthy attitudes towards body weight, body shape and self-acceptance, regardless of weight status. Finally, the developed instrument used to assess young obese persons with high risk of PD can help promote a better understanding of the association between PD and obesity. This might improve the outcome and provide the patients with more efficient treatment.
Mechanisms of Heat-induced Antigen Retrieval: Analyses In Vitro Employing SDS-PAGE and Immunohistochemistry

In this study, we examined the mechanism of heat-induced antigen retrieval using analytical procedures involving SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Five proteins were treated with 4% formaldehyde in the presence or absence of 25 mM CaCl2, then heated under various conditions after removal of formaldehyde and analyzed on SDS-PAGE. Formaldehyde produced inter- and intramolecular cross-links in the proteins. Heating at high temperatures cleaved these cross-links at all pH ranges examined (pH 3.0, 6.0, 7.5, 9.0) and produced almost the same electrophoregrams as the native proteins. Proteins treated with formaldehyde containing CaCl2 showed similar electrophoretic patterns, observed without heating or after heating at pH 6.0 and pH 9.0 in the presence or absence of 10 mM EDTA. Western blot analyses demonstrated that the soluble forms of β-actin (monomer and oligomers) and fibronectin were present in extracts from deparaf-finized mouse uterine sections autoclaved for 15 min but not in extracts from unheated specimens. Nine of ten antigens, independent of their isoelectric points, exhibited much stronger immunoreaction in the sections heated at pH 9.0 than in those heated at pH 6.0. The second heating at pH 6.0 significantly decreased the immunostaining of the antigens that had been boiled at pH 9.0, but the immunostaining was recovered after a third heating at pH 9.0. These results suggest that the main mechanism of heat-induced antigen retrieval is disruption of the cross-links and that pH is an essential factor for a proper refolding of epitopes.
LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow

Bi-/multilingual people exercise choices of language among the languages of their linguistic repertoire for different purposes in different domains. The choice is determined by various factors such as ethnicity, proficiency, attitudes, socio-cultural background, language policy, and in particular, the domain itself. Malaysia being a multilingual country, what languages are chosen with friends and relatives, and what determines the choice constitute the main objectives of this paper. Data for this paper was collected through a questionnaire survey administered to a sample of university undergraduates and analyzed those using SPSS. The findings show that respondents from the major ethnic groups preferred their respective ethnic languages with friends and neighbours of the same ethnic backgrounds but choice of Bahasa Malaysia (BM) among the nonMalays and choice for English among respondents irrespective of ethnicity increase while the interlocutors belong to other ethnic backgrounds. Ethnicity, proficiency and domain of use were found to be contributing factors of language choice with friends and neighbours in Malaysia.
Clues to recognition of kidney disease in archeologic record: characteristics and occurrence of leontiasis ossea Alterazioni scheletriche in corso di malattie renali croniche: caratteristiche e frequenza della leontiasi ossea e sua importanza in osteoarcheologia

The paucity of reports on renal disease in the archeologic literature seems remarkable, given the prominence of renal disease as a cause of death (1). Renal insufficiency allows waste products to accumulate, calcium loss, and reduced kidney hydroxylation of vitamin D, resulting in renal osteodystrophy. The latter describes a combination of osteomalacia (referred to as rickets in subadults) and hyperparathyroid bone disease (2). The combination of hyperparathyroidism and osteomalacia produces a very characteristic osseous picture, at least radiologically (2). While these changes may be well recognized in contemporary patients on dialysis (3-5), it is unclear how often the non-dialyzed person (analogous to individuals from archeologic sites) survives long enough for these findings to be observed (6). The aim of this project was to characterize the osseous lesions in individuals diagnosed in life with chronic renal failure and to examine the corollary question can kidney disease be recognized from examination of skeletons?
The analysis of protein deficiency in patients hospitalized due to Clostridium difficile infection Analiza deficytów białkowych u osób hospitalizowanych z powodu biegunki związanej z Clostridium difficile

1Department of Infectious Diseases, J. Struś Multispecialist City Hospital, Poznan Head of Department: prof. Iwona Mozer-Lisewska, MD, PhD 2Department and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences Head of Department: prof. Iwona Mozer-Lisewska, MD, PhD 3Department of Biology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Medical Sciences Head of Department: prof. Krzysztof Wiktorowicz, PhD 4Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Chair of Clinical Pathomorphology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences Head of Department: prof. Elzbieta Kaczmarek, PhD
Effect of MAPP as Coupling Agent on the Performance of Sisal–PP Composites

Hybrid composites consisting of polypropylene (PP) and short sisal fibers were prepared by melt mixing followed by compression molding. Various types of chemical treatments such as alkali treatment, cyanoethylation, coupling agent treatment etc. were performed to improve the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and PP matrix. Variations in fiber loading, fiber length, coupling agent concentration and its treatment time period as a function of mechanical strength were studied. The morphology of the interface region was investigated through SEM analysis. Mechanical tests showed that the composites treated with MAPP of grade HC5 exhibited optimum strength. Nearly 50% increase in tensile, 30% in flexural and 58% increase in impact strengths were obtained in the case of composites treated with 1% MAPP concentration. Accelerated weathering and water absorption behavior of the MAPP-treated composites further confirmed an efficient fiber–matrix adhesion. Thermal measurements through DSC were also investigated to corroborate the findings of the mechanical data.
The role of the Kar2p/BiP chaperone in ER quality control

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an interorganellar signal transduction pathway that monitors endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Whole genome transcriptional analysis in budding yeast has revealed 381 genes regulated by the UPR. About half of those genes encode functions throughout the secretory pathway including protein folding and modification, protein quality control, lipid synthesis, protein trafficking, and vacuolar (lysosomal) proteases. Previous experiments have shown that the UPR is essential for ER stress tolerance but how the upregulation of individual genes contributes to stress tolerance is unknown. To answer this question, I devised an approach that uncouples the expression of individual target genes from UPR regulation. The KAR2 gene was selected as the first target for analysis. KAR2 encodes Kar2p/BiP, a highly conserved protein belonging to the Hsp70 family of molecular chaperones. Kar2p is the first UPR target discovered and plays multiple functions in the ER including protein translocation, protein folding, ER associated degradation (ERAD) and karyogamy. These essential functions (protein translocation and folding) raise an interesting conundrum. Since half of UPR targets encode proteins that enter the secretory pathway, Kar2p is, in fact, an essential facilitator of the UPR at its last stage, the synthesis of target proteins. How then, is it possible to activate the UPR when a key facilitator is also a target gene that is immediately needed to deal with the misfolded products of stress (ERAD)? To address this question and to study the contribution of individual target genes to the ER stress response, we engineered a strain regulation from the UPR without compromising the activation of other target genes. Under stress, Kar2p upregulation upregulation was required to rid aberrant proteins through both the ERAD pathway and the ER-to-vacuolar overload pathway. Surprisingly, the essential functions of prote translocation and folding stress. This strategy allows Kar2p to misfolded proteins to facilitate the UPR importance of this triage Kar2p essential functions disruption of Kar2p's quality control functions. On the other hand, if demonstrated that under stress, Accordingly, in the strain defective eventually died because they could this resulted in the accumulation of mi toxicity. In addition, I also found formed despite the misfolding of proteins and function in an ER export event. that specifically uncouples was essential for cell viability. I show were unaffected when Kar2p levels became temporarily dispense with its role in ridding until homeostasis is restored mechanism was apparent because a temporary disruption of was lethal. In contrast, cells could fully survive a temporary Kar2p was limiting for prolonged periods, cells w the clearance of misfolded proteins in upregulating KAR2 expression by the UPR, not efficiently degrade misfolded proteins in the ER, sfolded proteins in the ER, which caused that a potential export signal in misfolded proteins was iv