Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Collateral Scores Derived from Whole-Brain Time-Resolved Flat Panel Detector Imaging in Acute Ischemic Stroke

The Calgary/Menon multiphase flat panel CTA score and the hypoperfusion intensity ratio correlated with each other and with the ASITN/SIR DSA score as the reference standard. In this cohort, the collateral scoring derived from flat panel detector CT was clinically reliable. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Flat panel detector CT imaging allows simultaneous acquisition of multiphase flat panel CTA and flat panel CTP imaging directly in the angio suite. We compared collateral assessment derived from multiphase flat panel CTA and flat panel CTP with collateral assessment derived from DSA as the gold-standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with occlusion of the first or second segment of the MCA who underwent pre-interventional flat panel detector CT. The hypoperfusion intensity ratio as a correlate of collateral status was calculated from flat panel CTP (time-to-maximum > 10 seconds volume/time-to-maximum > 6 seconds volume). Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated for interrater reliability for the Calgary/Menon score for multiphase flat panel CTA and for the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology/Society of Interventional Radiology (ASITN/SIR) score for DSA collateral scores. Correlations of the hypoperfusion intensity ratio, multiphase flat panel CTA score, and the ASITN/SIR score were calculated using the Spearman correlation. RESULTS: From November 2019 to February 2020, thirty patients were included. Moderate interrater reliability was achieved for the ASITN/SIR DSA score (0.68; 95% CI, 0.50–0.82) as well as for the Calgary/Menon multiphase flat panel CTA score (0.53; 95% CI, 0.29–0.72). We found a strong correlation between the ASITN/SIR DSA and Calgary/Menon multiphase flat panel CTA score (ρ = 0.54, P = .002) and between the hypoperfusion intensity ratio and the Calgary/Menon multiphase flat panel CTA score (ρ = −0.57, P < .001). The correlation was moderate between the hypoperfusion intensity ratio and the ASITN/SIR DSA score (ρ = –0.49, P = .006). The infarct core volume correlated strongly with the Calgary/Menon multiphase flat panel CTA score (ρ = –0.66, P < .001) and the hypoperfusion intensity ratio (ρ = 0.76, P < .001) and correlated moderately with the ASITN/SIR DSA score (ρ = –0.46, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: The Calgary/Menon multiphase flat panel CTA score and the hypoperfusion intensity ratio correlated with each other and with the ASITN/SIR DSA score as the gold-standard. In our cohort, the collateral scoring derived from flat panel detector CT was clinically reliable.
Exposure-response Relationships of Metronidazole in Infants: Integration of Electronic Health Record Data With Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling-derived Exposure Simulation

Background: Infants frequently receive metronidazole at variable doses and duration for surgical site infection prophylaxis and treatment of intra-abdominal infections. Seizures are a rare (but potentially devastating) side effect of metronidazole, yet the prevalence of seizures in infants, as well as the relationship with metronidazole dose and exposure, are unknown. Methods: We examined the Pediatrix Clinical Data Warehouse for infants in neonatal intensive care units from 1997 to 2018 who received at least 1 dose of metronidazole during their first 120 days of life. We used an existing population pharmacokinetic model to simulate exposure parameters, estimating multivariable associations between metronidazole dosing and exposure parameters, and the occurrence of seizure. Results: There were 19,367 intravenous doses of metronidazole given to 1546 infants, and 31 experienced a seizure. Infants with a seizure had a longer median (interquartile values) duration of metronidazole exposure than those without (11 days [6, 15] vs. 7 [4, 11], P = 0.01). Each added day of metronidazole (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02–1.10), and each standard deviation increase in cumulative area under the plasma concentration−time curve (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.11–1.45) were associated with increased odds of seizure. Higher simulated maximum plasma concentration was associated with lower odds of seizure (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.81–0.96). Conclusions: Longer metronidazole exposure and higher cumulative exposure could be associated with increased odds of infant seizures. Using a large observational dataset allowed us to identify a rare adverse event, but prospective studies are needed to validate this finding and further characterize metronidazole dose- and exposure-safety relationships.
Atypical prosopagnosia following right hemispheric stroke: A 23-year follow-up study with M.T.

ABSTRACT Most findings on prosopagnosia to date suggest preserved voice recognition in prosopagnosia (except in cases with bilateral lesions). Here we report a follow-up examination on M.T. , suffering from acquired prosopagnosia following a large unilateral right-hemispheric lesion in frontal, parietal, and anterior temporal areas excluding core ventral occipitotemporal face areas. Twenty-three years after initial testing we reassessed face and object recognition skills [Henke, K. , Schweinberger, S. R. , Grigo, A. , Klos, T. , & Sommer, W. (1998). Specificity of face recognition: Recognition of exemplars of non-face objects in prosopagnosia. Cortex, 34(2), 289–296]; [Schweinberger, S. R. , Klos, T. , & Sommer, W. (1995). Covert face recognition in prosopagnosia – A dissociable function? Cortex, 31(3), 517–529] and additionally studied voice recognition. Confirming the persistence of deficits, M.T. exhibited substantial impairments in famous face recognition and memory for learned faces, but preserved face matching and object recognition skills. Critically, he showed substantially impaired voice recognition skills. These findings are congruent with the ideas that (i) prosopagnosia after right anterior temporal lesions can persist over long periods > 20 years, and that (ii) such lesions can be associated with both facial and vocal deficits in person recognition.
Evolution of eccentricity and orbital inclination of migrating planets in 2:1 mean motion resonance

We determine, analytically and numerically, the conditions needed for a system of two migrating planets trapped in a 2:1 mean motion resonance to enter an inclination-type resonance. We provide an expression for the asymptotic equilibrium value that the eccentricity $e_{\rm i}$ of the inner planet reaches under the combined effects of migration and eccentricity damping. We also show that, for a ratio $q$ of inner to outer masses below unity, $e_{\rm i}$ has to pass through a value $e_{\rm i,res}$ of order 0.3 for the system to enter an inclination-type resonance. Numerically, we confirm that such a resonance may also be excited at another, larger, value $e_{\rm i, res} \simeq 0.6$, as found by previous authors. A necessary condition for onset of an inclination-type resonance is that the asymptotic equilibrium value of $e_{\rm i}$ is larger than $e_{\rm i,res}$. We find that, for $q \le 1$, the system cannot enter an inclination-type resonance if the ratio of eccentricity to semimajor axis damping timescales $t_e/t_a$ is smaller than 0.2. This result still holds if only the eccentricity of the outer planet is damped and $q \lesssim 1$. As the disc/planet interaction is characterized by $t_e/t_a \sim 10^{-2}$, we conclude that excitation of inclination through the type of resonance described here is very unlikely to happen in a system of two planets migrating in a disc.
A novel rhesus macaque model of Huntington’s disease recapitulates key neuropathological changes along with motor and cognitive decline

We created a new nonhuman primate model of the genetic neurodegenerative disorder Huntington’s disease (HD) by injecting a mixture of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors, serotypes AAV2 and AAV2.retro, each expressing a fragment of human mutant HTT (mHTT) into the caudate and putamen of adult rhesus macaques. This modeling strategy results in expression of mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) and aggregate formation in the injected brain regions, as well as dozens of other cortical and subcortical brain regions affected in human HD patients. We queried the disruption of cortico-basal ganglia circuitry for 30 months post-surgery using a variety of behavioral and imaging readouts. Compared to controls, mHTT-treated macaques developed working memory decline and progressive motor impairment. Multimodal imaging revealed circuit-wide white and gray matter degenerative processes in several key brain regions affected in HD. Taken together, we have developed a novel macaque model of HD that may be used to develop disease biomarkers and screen promising therapeutics.
Physiological consequences of space flight, including abnormal bone metabolism, space radiation injury, and circadian clock dysregulation: Implications of melatonin use and regulation as a countermeasure

Exposure to the space environment induces a number of pathophysiological outcomes in astronauts, including bone demineralization, sleep disorders, circadian clock dysregulation, cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction, and reduced immune system function. A recent report describing experiments aboard the Space Shuttle mission, STS‐132, showed that the level of melatonin, a hormone that provides the biochemical signal of darkness, was decreased during microgravity in an in vitro culture model. Additionally, abnormal lighting conditions in outer space, such as low light intensity in orbital spacecraft and the altered 24‐h light–dark cycles, may result in the dysregulation of melatonin rhythms and the misalignment of the circadian clock from sleep and work schedules in astronauts. Studies on Earth have demonstrated that melatonin regulates various physiological functions including bone metabolism. These data suggest that the abnormal regulation of melatonin in outer space may contribute to pathophysiological conditions of astronauts. In addition, experiments with high‐linear energy transfer radiation, a ground‐based model of space radiation, showed that melatonin may serve as a protectant against space radiation. Gene expression profiling using an in vitro culture model exposed to space flight during the STS‐132 mission, showed that space radiation alters the expression of DNA repair and oxidative stress response genes, indicating that melatonin counteracts the expression of these genes responsive to space radiation to promote cell survival. These findings implicate the use of exogenous melatonin and the regulation of endogenous melatonin as countermeasures for the physiological consequences of space flight.
The prognostic impact of rheumatoid arthritis in sepsis: a population-based analysis

Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased risk of sepsis and higher infection-related mortality compared to the general population. However, the evidence on the prognostic impact of RA in sepsis has been inconclusive. We aimed to estimate the population-level association of RA with short-term mortality in sepsis. Methods We used statewide data to identify hospitalizations aged ≥18 years in Texas with sepsis, with and without RA during 2014–2017. Hierarchical logistic models with propensity adjustment (primary model), propensity score matching, and multivariable logistic regression without propensity adjustment were used to estimate the association of RA with short-term mortality among sepsis hospitalizations. Results Among 283,025 sepsis hospitalizations, 7,689 (2.7%) had RA. Compared to sepsis hospitalizations without RA, those with RA were older (aged ≥65 years, 63.9% vs. 56.4%) and had higher burden of comorbidities (mean Deyo comorbidity index, 3.2 vs. 2.7). Short-term mortality of sepsis hospitalizations with and without RA was 26.8% vs. 31.4%. Following adjustment for confounders, short-term mortality was lower among RA patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.910; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.856–0.967), with similar findings on alternative models. On sensitivity analyses, short-term mortality was lower in RA patients among sepsis hospitalizations aged ≥65 years and those with septic shock, but not among those admitted to intensive care unit (ICU; aOR, 0.990; 95% CI, 0.909–1.079). Conclusions RA was associated, unexpectedly, with lower short-term mortality in septic patients. However, this “protective” association was driven by those patients without ICU admission. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and to examine the underlying mechanisms.
Asynchronous functional linear regression models for longitudinal data in reproducing kernel Hilbert space

Motivated by the analysis of longitudinal neuroimaging studies, we study the longitudinal functional linear regression model under asynchronous data setting for modeling the association between clinical outcomes and functional (or imaging) covariates. In the asynchronous data setting, both covariates and responses may be measured at irregular and mismatched time points, posing methodological challenges to existing statistical methods. We develop a kernel weighted loss function with roughness penalty to obtain the functional estimator and derive its representer theorem. The rate of convergence, a Bahadur representation, and the asymptotic pointwise distribution of the functional estimator are obtained under the reproducing kernel Hilbert space framework. We propose a penalized likelihood ratio test to test the nullity of the functional coefficient, derive its asymptotic distribution under the null hypothesis, and investigate the separation rate under the alternative hypotheses. Simulation studies are conducted to examine the finite‐sample performance of the proposed procedure. We apply the proposed methods to the analysis of multitype data obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) study, which reveals significant association between 21 regional brain volume density curves and the cognitive function. Data used in preparation of this paper were obtained from the ADNI database (adni.loni.usc.edu).
Invariant slow-roll parameters in scalar–tensor theories

A general scalar–tensor theory can be formulated in different parametrizations that are related by a conformal rescaling of the metric and a scalar field redefinition. We compare formulations of slow-roll regimes in the Einstein and Jordan frames using quantities that are invariant under the conformal rescaling of the metric and transform as scalar functions under the reparametrization of the scalar field. By comparing spectral indices, calculated up to second order, we find that the frames are equivalent up to this order, due to the underlying assumptions.
Adjuvant diagnosis of tuberculosis in hemodialysis patients using fourth generation interferon γ releasing assay

Dialysis patients have a 10–25 times higher risk of reactivation of tuberculosis (TB). In this study, we investigated the diagnostic ability of QuantiFERON (QFT)‐plus for TB in hemodialysis patients. QFT‐plus, an interferon gamma release assay, is characterized by its use of CD4 and CD8 T cell signals.
The developing impact of verbal labels on visual memories in children.

The capacity limitations of visual working memory may be bypassed by verbal labeling. In adults, labeling increases estimates of both quantity and quality of visual working memory. However, we do not know when children begin to use labeling and whether labeling similarly benefits visual memories of children under and over age 7. We assessed whether children benefit from prompted and spontaneous labeling opportunities, examining how labeling affects the storage of categorical (prototypical) and continuous (fine-grained) color information. Participants memorized colored candies for a continuous reproduction test either while remaining silent, labeling the colors aloud, or saying irrelevant syllables (discouraging verbal labeling). Mixture modeling confirmed that both categorical and continuous representations increased with age. Our labeling manipulation showed that spontaneous labeling increased with age. For the youngest children, prompted labeling especially boosted categorical memory, whereas labeling benefited categorical and continuous memory similarly in the older age groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Vortex Dynamics in Color-Superconducting Quark stars: The Re-heating of Magnetars

Compact stars made of quark matter rather than confined hadronic matter, are expected to form a color superconductor. This superconductor ought to be threaded with rotational vortex lines within which the star's interior magnetic field is confined. The vortices (and thus magnetic flux) would be expelled from the star during stellar spin-down, leading to magnetic reconnection at the surface of the star and the prolific production of thermal energy. In this Letter, we show that this energy release can re-heat quark stars to exceptionally high temperatures, such as observed for Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGRs), Anomalous X-Ray pulsars (AXPs), and X-ray dim isolated neutron stars (XDINs). Moreover, our numerical investigations of the temperature evolution, spin-down rate, and magnetic field behavior of such superconducting quark stars suggest that SGRs, AXPs, and XDINs may be linked ancestrally. Finally, we discuss the possibility of a time delay before the star enters the color superconducting phase, which can be used to estimate the density at which quarks deconfine. We find this density to be five times that of nuclear saturation.
Targeted Bleeding Management Guided by Non-Invasive Haemoglobin Measurement in Surgical Patients.

OBJECTIVE To assess blood transfusion decisions in blood losses using a continuous total haemoglobin (SpHb) and non-invasive haemoglobin (Hb) device. STUDY DESIGN Double-blinded randomised controlled trial. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, from March 2018 to December 2019. METHODOLOGY One hundred and twenty adult patients scheduled for elective major surgery and expected to experience a blood loss greater than 20% of their total blood volume were divided into two groups. These groups were compared for bleeding management with conventional blood gas sampling (Group Hb, the control group) according to Hb monitoring versus SpHb measurement (Group SpHb, the study group). RESULTS In the postoperative measurement, there were fewer red blood cells (RBC) in the SpHb group than in the Hb group (p=0.020). There was a greater change in the amount of RBC from the perioperative to the postoperative period in the SpHb group compared to the Hb group (p<0.001). Postoperative Hb levels of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) were higher in the SpHb group than in the Hb group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION SpHb can provide effective patient blood management in cases of major surgery. It does not cause a delay in the decision of blood transfusion during surgery. KEY WORDS Haemorrhage, Anaemia, Blood transfusion, General surgery.
Electromagnetic inverse profiling: Theory and numerical implementation

Introduction General introduction DIRECT SCATTERING FREQUENCY-DOMAIN TECHNIQUES Introduction Scattering by a homogeneous, lossy dielectric slab: singularity expansion method Appendix: Influence of the conductivity on the location of the poles Scattering by an inhomogeneous, lossy dielectric slab: singularity expansion method Appendix: The natural modes of a symmetric Epstein layer Scattering by an inhomogeneous, lossy dielectric slab in between two homogeneous, lossless half-spaces: Fourier inversion Scattering by a lossy, radially inhomogeneous dielectric circular cylinder: singularity expansion method and Fourier inversion Appendix: Mean-square convergence of the angular Fourier series as a function of and t Scattering by a lossy, radially inhomogeneous dielectric circular cylinder: complementary interpretation of singularity expansion method Appendix: The residue of at a pole Conclusions References TIME-DOMAIN TECHNIQUES Introduction General aspects of the marching-on-in-time method Appendix: A relaxation method for the solution of an ill-conditioned system of linear equations Scattering by an inhomogeneous, lossy dielectric slab Scattering by a perfectly conducting cylinder Appendix: Source representation for two-dimensional electromagnetic-field quantities Appendix: Determination of and its space derivatives Scattering by an inhomogeneous, lossy dielectric cylinder Conclusions References IDENTIFICATION A PRONY-TYPE METHOD Introduction Prony's algorithm Application to a slab signal Conclusions References INVERSE-PROFILING FREQUENCY-DOMAIN TECHNIQUES Introduction General aspects of the one-dimensional inverse-scattering problem The one-dimensional inverse-scattering problem for low contrast and oblique incidence The one-dimensional inverse-scattering problem for a lossless dielectric slab Conclusions References TIME-DOMAIN TECHNIQUES Introduction Born-type iterative procedure with a vacuum as the background medium Appendix: Smoothing procedure Optimization approach Born-type iteractive procedure with the reference medium as the background medium Conclusions References Subject index
Ambiguity of large scale temperature reconstructions from artificial tree growth in millennial climate simulations

The ambiguity of temperature reconstructions is assessed using pseudo tree growth series in the virtual reality of two simulations of the climate of the last millennium. The simple, process-based Vaganov-Shashkin-Lite (VS-Lite) code calculates tree growth responses controlled by a limited number of climatic parameters. Growth limitation by different ambient climate conditions allows for possible nonlinearity and non-stationarity in the pseudo tree growth series. Statistical reconstructions of temperature are achieved from simulated tree growth for random selections of pseudo-proxy locations by simple local regression and composite plus scaling techniques to address additional ambiguities in paleoclimate reconstructions besides the known uncertainty and shortcomings of the reconstruction methods. A systematic empirical evaluation shows that the interrelations between simulated target and reconstructed temperatures undergo strong variations with possibly pronounced misrepresentations of temperatures. Thus (i) centennial scale inter-annual correlations can be very weak; (ii) the decadal range of reconstructed temperatures may be as large as the range of the temperature variations over the considered time-period; (iii) decadal variability is under-represented in the reconstructions. The misrepresentations are in part due to the temporally varying temperature-growth relations and to an apparent lack of decadal scale variability in the simulated pseudo-growth series compared to the local temperatures.