Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Driver Assisted Lane Keeping with Conflict Management Using Robust Sliding Mode Controller

Lane-keeping assistance design for road vehicles is a multi-objective design problem that needs to simultaneously maintain lane tracking, ensure driver comfort, provide vehicle stability, and minimize conflict between the driver and the autonomous controller. In this work, a cooperative control strategy is proposed for lane-keeping keeping by integrating driving monitoring, variable level of assistance allocation, and human-in-the-loop control. In the first stage, a time-varying physical driver loading pattern is identified based on a relationship between lateral acceleration, road curvature, and the measured maximum driver torque. Together with the monitored driver state that indicates driver mental loading, an adaptive driver activity function is then formulated that replicates the levels of assistance required for the driver in the next stage. To smoothly transition authority between various modes (from manual to autonomous and vice versa) based on the generated levels of assistance, a novel higher-order sliding mode controller is proposed and closed-loop stability is established. Further, a novel sharing parameter (which is proportional to the torques coming from the driver and from the autonomous controller) is used to minimize the conflict. Experimental results on the SHERPA high-fidelity vehicle simulator show the real-time implementation feasibility. Extensive experimental results provided on the Satory test track show improvement in cooperative driving quality by 9.4%, reduction in steering workload by 86.13%, and reduced conflict by 65.38% when compared with the existing design (no sharing parameter). These results on the cooperative performance highlight the significance of the proposed controller for various road transportation challenges.
The breakdown voltages of N2-O2 gas mixtures in non-uniform field at low temperatures

Positive DC breakdown voltages of various N2-O2 gas mixtures have been measured to point-to-plane gaps over a temperature range 113 to 293K, the gas density being kept constant at any temperature. The breakdown voltage in N2 increased at low temperatures. The increase in breakdown voltages became small, when a small amount of O2 (less than 1%) was mixed into N2. The breakdown voltage in synthetic air decreased at low temperatures. When small pulses were superposed on DC voltages, the breakdown voltage changes only slightly with temperature in both N2 and synthetic air.
Association of kisspeptin gene (KISS1) with litter size in migratory Gaddi goats in western Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh

Migratory goat farming, practiced by nomadic communities is common in Himalayan regions. Gaddi also known as â€˜White Himalayan goatâ€™ is the predominant goat breed constituting 60â€“65% of total goats in the state. The Kisspeptin gene (KISS1) that encodes kisspeptin protein is considered to be a candidate gene affecting multiple birth in goats. The present study was carried out to identify polymorphism at kisspeptin (KISS1 gene) and its association with litter size in migratory Gaddi goat. Polymorphism of KISS1 gene was investigated in Gaddi goats (89) using PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing approach. PCR-RFLP analysis at KISS1 locus revealed 3 different genotypes, viz. AA with undigested one fragment at 377 bp, TT with two digested fragments at 256 and 121 bp, and AT with three fragments at 377, 256 and 121 bp. The frequencies of AA, AT and TT genotypes were 0.17, 0.52 and 0.31, respectively while the frequency of A and T alleles was 0.43 and 0.57. AT genotype was predominant genotype while AA genotype was having least frequency among the goats screened. The observed allele number (No) and effective allele number (Ne) were 2 and 1.96, respectively. Observed heterozygosity (Hobs), expected heterozygosity (Hexp) and PIC values estimated were 0.52, 0.49 and 0.37, respectively. Hobs and PIC values indicated that sufficient genetic variation exist at the locus. Sequencing of representative sample of different genotypes confirmed presence of SNP (T125A) as detected by PCR-RFLP. The mean litter size for animals belonging to AA, AT and TT genotypes were 1. 12Â±0.08, 1. 34Â±0.11 and 1. 73Â±0.15 kids, respectively. Significant association of genotypes was observed with litter size in Gaddi goat. The study detected association between allele T in KISS1 gene and litter size. Study on additional data based on more number of animals in diversified flocks should be carried out for validation of the preliminary findings.
Dielectric Anisotropy in Ice Ih

The complex dielectric constants parallel and normal to the optical axis in ice Ih single crystal were measured in a wide range of the temperature (0°∼-150°C). T h e s t a t i c d i e l e c t r i c c o n s t a n t o f t h e D e b y e c o m p o n e n t a t e a c h t e m p e r a t u r e w a s o b t a i n e d b y e x t r a p o l a t i n g o n t h e C o l e - C o l e p l o t t o z e r o f r e q u e n c y . D i e l e c t r i c a n i s o t r o p y a g r e e d w e l l t h a t o f H u m b e l et al . a t h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e s , a n d i t i n c r e a s e d w i t h d e c r e a s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e . T h e s t a t i c d i e l e c t r i c c o n s t a n t e ^//_s f o l l o w e d a C u r i e - W e i s s l a w w h e r e T_0 w a s 46 K a n d i t s C u r i e - W e i s s c o n s t a n t C_// w a s 2.25×10^4 K , w h i l e e ^⊥_s o b e y e d a C u r i e l a w w h e r e C u r i e c o n s t a n t C_⊥ w a s 2.37×10^4 K . T h e s e r e s u l t s s t r o n g l y s u g g e s t t h e a n i s o t r o p y i n d i p.
Multimodal Analysis of People’s Hectic Life in Apple Advertisement The Whole Working From Home Thing

This study aims to find out what kind of life is portrayed in the advertisement and how Apple products help people to cope with that life portrayed in the advertisement. This study analyzes Apple advertisement video entitled The Whole Working From Home Thing. This study uses multimodal theory from Paltridge (2012), semiotic mode from Chia & Chan (2017), Mercado (2011), Eiseman (2017), Ekman & Friesen (2003), and Pease (2004). The data analysis uses a qualitative method. The analysis reveals that Apple has successfully created the video that could portray the hectic situation people felt when they could only do their activities inside their home during COVID-19 pandemic. While being busy with their lifestyle, they use Apple products by utilizing its features to help them. Furthermore, this study opens new possibilities for other researchers to apply the same theory that has been used in this thesis to analyze film and video with different topics.
The Factors Influencing Web Disclosure: Evidence from Indonesia Manufacturing Companies Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange

Capital markets have become increasingly important in driving a country’s economy. The capital markets could perform their role effectively if there is available information for investors. Along with the evolution of information technology, information dissemination by companies could be done more efficiently and promptly manner, for example using corporate websites. However, information dissemination through corporate websites (web disclosure) has not been fully utilized by companies, especially Indonesian companies. Therefore, this research analyzed the factors influencing web disclosure by manufacturing companies in Indonesia. The hypothesis testing was conducted with Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling on 54 Indonesian manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange. The analysis found that company size and corporate governance mechanisms have a positive relationship, and leverage has a negative relationship with web disclosure. The results have also found no relationship between culture and profitability with web disclosure.
Taylor bubble moving in a flowing liquid in vertical channel: transition from symmetric to asymmetric shape

The velocity and shape of Taylor bubbles moving in a vertical channel in a Poiseuille liquid flow were studied for the inertial regime, characterized by large Reynolds numbers. Numerical experiments were carried out for positive (upward) and negative (downward) liquid mean velocity. Previous investigations in tube have reported that for upward flow the bubble is symmetric and its velocity follows the law of Nicklin, whereas for certain downward flow conditions the symmetry is broken and the bubble rises appreciably faster. To study the bubble motion and to identify the existence of a transition, a two-dimensional numerical code that solves the Navier–Stokes equations (through a volume of fluid implementation) was used to obtain the bubble shape and the rise velocity for different liquid mean velocities. A reference frame located at the bubble tip and an irregular grid were implemented to allow long simulation times without an excessively large numerical domain. It was observed that whenever the mean liquid velocity exceeded some critical value, bubbles adopted a symmetric final shape even though their initial shape was asymmetric. Conversely, if the mean liquid velocity was smaller than the critical value, a transition to a non-symmetric shape occurred, along with a correspondingly faster velocity. It was also found that surface tension has a stabilizing effect on the transition.
Decreasing Burnout and Improving Work Environment: The Impact of Firgun on a Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Team

PURPOSE: Oncology teams are challenged by BO, which may be alleviated by meaningful recognition. In this study, firgun—altruistic acknowledgment—was implemented on a pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant unit to evaluate its impact on staff and work environment. METHODS: In this longitudinal, mixed-methods pilot study, interdisciplinary inpatient hematopoietic cell transplant providers received web-based firgun education. Electronic administration of validated surveys occurred at baseline and 8 weeks, including Perceived Stress Scale, Professional Quality of Life Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Workplace Civility Index, Areas of Work Life Survey, and WHO-5. Weekly e-mails reminded participants to practice and log firgun. Wilcoxon signed test for paired data compared pre/post results. Interviews conducted at project completion were coded using MaxQDA software. RESULTS: Forty-two participants enrolled; 25 completed pre/post surveys; eight were interviewed. At study end, participants reported feeling less nervous and stressed (P = .008), and less difficulty coping (P = .01; Perceived Stress Scale), while noting increased acknowledgment of others' work (P = .04) and seeking constructive feedback (P = .04; Workplace Civility Index). Marked BO was not evident overall on the Maslach Burnout Inventory; however, emotional exhaustion subscale mean (SD) scores improved from pre (19.4 [8.6]) to post (16 [6.3; P = .02]) and individual items illustrated decreased fatigue (P = .008), frustration (P = .04), and feeling “at the end of my rope” (P = .001). Postintervention participants noted increased receipt of recognition (P = .02; Areas of Work Life Survey), decreased feeling “bogged down” (P = .02), decreased affective stress (P = .04), and negative pre-occupations (P = .04; Professional Quality of Life Scale). Qualitative analysis revealed themes of improved confidence at work and enhanced feelings of trust and teamwork. CONCLUSION: Firgun is a tool that can potentially reduce BO and stress in interdisciplinary providers, facilitate teamwork, and promote positive work environments in clinical oncology and beyond.
Experimental confirmation of backscattering enhancement induced by a photonic jet

The authors report experimental confirmation of backscattering enhancement induced by a photonic jet emerging from a dielectric sphere, a phenomenon recently predicted by theoretical solutions of Maxwell’s equations. To permit relatively straightforward laboratory measurements at microwave frequencies rather than visible light, they appropriately scaled the original conceptual dimensions of the dielectric microsphere and its adjacent perturbing nanoparticle (located within the microsphere’s photonic jet). Their experiments verified the existence of enhanced position-dependent backscattering perturbations by the adjacent particle. Their measured backscattering perturbations agreed well with prior theory and with additional finite-difference time-domain computational models of the complete microwave test geometry.
The General Motion of Conduction Electrons in a Uniform Magnetic Field, with Application to the Diamagnetism of Metals

Using translational properties of the Hamiltonian, a standard form is derived for the wave functions describing conduction electrons moving in a uniform magnetic field. This is used to obtain a solution of the Schrodinger equation in order to examine the magnetic energy levels. For non-overlapping bands the notion of effective mass is shown adequate (neglecting level broadening) but in an overlap region neighbouring bands interact strongly and distort the single band levels. A brief application to the diamagnetism of metals is considered.
Impulsive Falkner‐Skan flow with constant wall heat flux: revisited

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a numerical and an analytical study of the fluid flow and heat transfer in the unsteady, laminar boundary layer resulting from the forced convection flow along a semi‐infinite wedge, where the transients are initiated at time t¯ = 0 when the wedge is impulsively started from rest with a uniform velocity and a constant heat flux at the walls of the wedge is suddenly imposed.Design/methodology/approach – The velocity of the main free stream is written in non‐dimensional form for t > 0 as ue(x) = xm, where x is the non‐dimensional distance along the surface from the leading edge (apex) of the wedge and the constant m is related to the included angle of the wedge πβ by m = β / (2 − β) (0 ≤ m ≤ 1 for physical applications). The wedge and the fluid are assumed to be initially (t¯ = 0) at the same uniform temperature T∞, so that there is zero heat flux at the surface. A time‐dependent thermal boundary layer is then produced at t¯ = 0 as the zero heat flux at the .
Ionospheric Oscillations With a Quasi‐Period of ∼6 hr During Intense Magnetic Storms

We study the variations of the topside ionospheric ion density measured by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites during the intense magnetic storm on 7–10 November 2004. It is found for the first time that quasi‐periodic enhancements in the ion density with a period of ∼6 hr occur nearly simultaneously at 0630, 0830, and 0930 local time in the dawn sector during the storm main phase with southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The quasi‐periodic density enhancements extend from the southern subauroral latitudes to the northern subauroral latitudes. In the dusk sector, the topside ion density during the storm main phase is increased at middle latitudes for ∼12 hr but shows decrease or relatively small increase over the magnetic equator, indicating that penetration electric fields dominate the ion density redistribution. Similar quasi‐periodic enhancements in the topside ion density are also observed in the dawn sector during other intense magnetic storms. The solar wind and IMF do not have quasi‐periodic variations in this storm case. Periodic processes in geospace, such as periodic substorms in the magnetosphere, waves and tides in the atmosphere, and traveling ionospheric disturbances, cannot explain the observed periodic enhancements of the ionospheric ion density. We suggest that the magnetosphere‐ionospheric‐thermospheric system may have an intrinsic period of ∼6 hr and that oscillations of the magnetosphere‐ionospheric‐thermospheric system with this period can be excited during intense magnetic storms, although the mechanisms for the generation of the long‐periodic oscillations are not understood.
Breakdown of Air at Microwave Frequencies

A theory for uniform field breakdown in air at microwave frequencies is developed and applied with success to predicting values of breakdown over a wide range of experimental conditions. Three distinct types of breakdown are treated; c.w. (continuous wave) breakdown, single pulse breakdown, and multipulse breakdown. The conditions for breakdown are determined from a solution of the electron continuity equation for an average electron, in which electron ionization, attachment, and diffusion are the dominant mechanisms. Modulation of the electron average energy at twice the frequency of the applied field becomes important at either high pressure or low frequency and modifies the values of the breakdown field. The breakdown field strengths are shown to be determined from a single curve for each type of breakdown power, either c.w. or pulsed. These theoretical curves are in accordance with the experimental results, thus verifying the assumption and the values of the coefficients used in the theory.
The determination of the value of Rado’s noncomputable function Σ() for four-state Turing machines

The well-defined but noncomputable functions E(k) and S(k) given by T. Rado as the "score" and "shift number" for the k-state Turing machine "Busy Beaver Game" were previously known only for k 13 and S(4) a 107, reported by this author, supported the conjecture that these lower bounds are the actual particular values of the functions for k 4. The four-state case has previously been reduced to solving the blank input tape halting problem of only 5,820 individual machines. In this final stage of the k = 4 case, one appears to move into a heuristic level of higher order where it is necessary to treat each machine as representing a distinct theorem. The remaining set consists of two primary classes in which a machine and its tape are viewed as the representation of a growing string of cellular automata. The proof techniques, embodied in programs, are entirely heuristic, while the inductive proofs, once established by the computer, are completely rigorous and become the key to the proof of the new and original mathematical results: l:(4) 13 and S(4) = 107. " In any case, even though skilled mathematicians and experienced programmers attempted to evaluate E(3) and S(3), there is no evidence that any known approach will yield the answer, even if we avail ourselves of high-speed computers and elaborate programs. As regards L(4), S(4), the situation seems to be entirely hopeless at present. "-Tibor Rado, 1963. 1. Background and Introduction. The "Busy Beaver Game" was devised by Tibor Rado [8] for the purpose of illustrating the notion of noncomputability. Given the set of Turing machines of exactly k states which operate with the minimum alphabet of two symbols (a space and a mark or 0 and 1) one considers the problem of behavior of these machines on a tape which is initially all blank (all O's). This is a finite set of machines, there being exactly (4k + 1)2k distinct machines, where, with two table entries per state, each table entry may consist of printing 0 or 1, moving right or left, branching to state 1, 2,. ,k or simply an entry to declare a halt. * Since the input tape is blank, each machine faces one of two possible fates: either it eventually halts, or else it continues running forever. After a particular machine Received July 22, 1981; revised June 28, 1982 and September 7, 1982. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 03D10, 03B35; Secondary 68C30, 68D20.
Effect of wild ginseng on the laying performance, egg quality, cytokine expression, ginsenoside concentration, and microflora quantity of laying hens

Abstract The experiment was carried out to study the effect of Korean wild ginseng adventitious root supplementation on the laying performance, egg quality, cytokine expression, ginsenoside concentration, and microflora quantity of Institut de selection Animale (ISA) brown laying hens at 24 weeks old. A total of 90 laying hens were subjected to a completely randomized design at three treatments, five repetitions and six laying hens per replicate. The experiments were divided by diets into the basic feed (CON), basic feed + 0.1% wild ginseng (WG1), and basic feed + 0.5% wild ginseng (WG2). The feeding trial was carried out over a duration of 12 weeks after an initial acclimation period of 2 weeks. Feeds and water were administered ad libitum in mash form, and light was available for 16 hours per day. At the end of study, hen-day egg production (HDEP), average egg weight (AEW), and egg mass (EM) were increased (p <0.05) in WG2 at week 12. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was decreased (p < 0.05) in WG2 at week 12. The ginsenoside content in egg yolk was increased (p <0.05) in laying hens in the WG2 treatment at week 12. Relative expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was reduced (p < 0.05) in the WG supplemented diets at week 12. The fecal microflora quantity of Lactobacillus was increased (p < 0.05) in WG2 at week 8 to week 12, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the WG2 at week 12. We concluded that the result observed in the HDEP, AEW, EM and FCR was due to an increase in ginsenoside content, leading to an improvement in the TNF-α, and fecal microflora quantity such as Lactobacillus and E. coli in the WG2 supplemented diets. We therefore recommend the use of WG at application level 0.5% per basal diet for optimum laying performance in layer hens.
Ultra Fast Switching by Controlling Rabi Splitting

We present an all-optical switch based on joint effects of dipole induced transparency (DIT) and electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT), that forbids the transparency induced by a dipole in an add-drop filter due to the vacuum Rabi shifting. The switching speed is very high, since only quantum interference between probe and pump signals is involved.
Construction and evaluation of gRNA arrays for multiplex CRISPR‐Cas9

Endonuclease system CRISPR‐Cas9 represents a powerful toolbox for the budding yeast's Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome perturbation. The resulting double‐strand breaks are preferentially repaired via highly efficient homologous recombination, which subsequently leads to marker‐free genome editing. The goal of this study was to evaluate precise targeting of multiple loci simultaneously. To construct an array of independently expressing guide RNAs (gRNAs), the genes encoding them were assembled through a BioBrick construction procedure. We designed a multiplex CRISPR‐Cas9 system for targeting 6 marker genes, whereby the gRNA array was expressed from a single plasmid. To evaluate the performance of the gRNA array, the activity of the designed system was assessed by the success rate of the introduction of perturbations within the target loci: successful gRNA expression, followed by target DNA double‐strand breaks formation and their repair by homologous recombination led to premature termination of the coding sequence of the marker genes, resulting in the prevention of growth of the transformants on the corresponding selection media. In conclusion, we successfully introduced up to five simultaneous perturbations within single cells of yeast S. cerevisiae using the multiplex CRISPR‐Cas9 system. While this has been done before, we here present an alternative sequential BioBrick assembly with the capability to accommodate many highly similar gRNA‐expression cassettes, and an exhaustive evaluation of their performance.