Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Assessment of Prevalence of Procedural Errors in Maxillary Posterior Teeth

A range of procedural errors can occur when performing endodontic treatment on posterior teeth. These errors may decrease the success rate in endodontic practice. This study assessed the prevalence of procedural errors and the quality of endodontic treatments in maxillary molars and premolars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT scans from two private radiology centers were assessed retrospectively to ensure the same calculated sample size of 327 teeth for each of the four maxillary posterior tooth types (a total of 1,308 endodontically treated teeth). Image sets were evaluated for procedural errors categorized as follows: obturation length (overfilling or underfilling by >2 mm short of the root apex), missed canals, perforations, strip perforations (with extrusion of material into the furcation area), separated instruments in the root canal space, and root fracture. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), and frequency data was assessed using the Monte Carlo test at the 0.05 level of significance. The procedural errors most commonly reported in the present study were from most frequent to least frequent: underfilled canals (50.0%), missed canals (27.5%), overfilled canals (12.5%), apical perforations (5.0%), separated instruments (3.1%), and root fractures (1.9%). No strip perforations (with extrusion of material into the furcation area) were seen in the study (0%). Underfilled and missed root canals were the most frequent procedural errors identified in the present study. These findings underline the importance of more consideration of critical working length management during all stages of root canal treatment, greater awareness of root canal anatomy, and the use of imaging and diagnostic devices that enhance the ability to identify and treat root canals both safely and effectively.
Satellite-Based Estimation of Gross Primary Production in an Alpine Swamp Meadow on the Tibetan Plateau: A Multi-Model Comparison

Abstract: Alpine swamp meadows on the Tibetan Plateau, with the highest soil organic carbon content across the globe, are extremely vulnerable to climate change. To accurately and continually quantify the gross primary production (GPP) is critical for understanding the dynamics of carbon cycles from site-scale to global scale. Eddy covariance technique (EC) provides the best approach to measure the site-specific carbon flux, while satellite-based models can estimate GPP from local, small scale sites to regional and global scales. However, the suitability of most satellite-based models for alpine swamp meadow is unknown. Here we tested the performance of four widely-used models, the MOD17 algorithm (MOD), the vegetation photosynthesis model (VPM), the photosynthetic capacity model (PCM), and the alpine vegetation model (AVM), in providing GPP estimations for a typical alpine swamp meadow as compared to the GPP estimations provided by EC-derived GPP. Our results indicated that all these models provided good descriptions of the intra-annual GPP patterns (R2>0.89, P<0.0001), but hardly agreed with the inter-annual GPP trends. VPM strongly underestimated the GPP of alpine swamp meadow, only accounting for 54.0% of GPP_EC. However, the other three satellite-based GPP models could serve as alternative tools for tower-based GPP observation. GPP estimated from AVM captured 94.5% of daily GPP_EC with the lowest average RMSE of 1.47 g C m-2. PCM slightly overestimated GPP by 12.0% while MODR slightly underestimated by 8.1% GPP compared to the daily GPP_EC. Our results suggested that GPP estimations for this alpine swamp meadow using AVM were superior to GPP estimations using the other relatively complex models.
Augmentation of ChatGPT with Clinician-Informed Tools Improves Performance on Medical Calculation Tasks

Prior work has shown that large language models (LLMs) have the ability to answer expert-level multiple choice questions in medicine, but are limited by both their tendency to hallucinate knowledge and their inherent inadequacy in performing basic mathematical operations. Unsurprisingly, early evidence suggests that LLMs perform poorly when asked to execute common clinical calculations. Recently, it has been demonstrated that LLMs have the capability of interacting with external programs and tools, presenting a possible remedy for this limitation. In this study, we explore the ability of ChatGPT (GPT-4, November 2023) to perform medical calculations, evaluating its performance across 48 diverse clinical calculation tasks. Our findings indicate that ChatGPT is an unreliable clinical calculator, delivering inaccurate responses in one-third of trials (n=212). To address this, we developed an open-source clinical calculation API (openmedcalc.org), which we then integrated with ChatGPT. We subsequently evaluated the performance of this augmented model by comparing it against standard ChatGPT using 75 clinical vignettes in three common clinical calculation tasks: Caprini VTE Risk, Wells DVT Criteria, and MELD-Na. The augmented model demonstrated a marked improvement in accuracy over unimproved ChatGPT. Our findings suggest that integration of machine-usable, clinician-informed tools can help alleviate the reliability limitations observed in medical LLMs.
COVID-19 vaccine uptake and acceptability during the second phase of vaccine rollout: a community-based survey among household heads in Zamfara state, Nigeria, 2021

Introduction Vaccines have played an important role in the control of infectious diseases globally. COVID-19 vaccine was rolled out in Zamfara State for the public in August 2021. We aimed to determine the level of COVID-19 vaccine uptake, acceptance, and awareness in Zamfara state Nigeria, during the second phase of the COVID-19 roll-out in the community. Methods We executed a descriptive cross-sectional study in Zamfara state, Nigeria. We used multistage sampling technique to randomly select 910 household heads between October 12 to December 20, 2021. We used a semi-structured electronic questionnaire to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, uptake, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. We performed descriptive analysis; calculated frequencies, proportions, and produced tables and figures. Results Our 899 respondents had a median age of 48 years (interquartile range: 29.5-66.5). About 78.1% (711) were males. A majority of the respondents were within the age group 50-59 years. Of 897 respondents 47.2% (423) were educated up to the secondary school level. Only 8.9% (81) had received COVID-19 vaccine. Of the 829 unvaccinated respondents, 10.1% (84) accepted to take the vaccine the current week of the interview, 38.4% (318) would it the following week, and 27.4% (227) the following month, while 12.2% (101) of the respondents rejected the vaccine, Conclusion COVID-19 vaccine had a poor uptake and acceptance rate in Zamfara State during the vaccine rollout. We recommended carefully designed and targeted sensitization campaigns to increase the demand of COVID-19 vaccine in the community.
Effect of Foliar Application with Sulfur Element and Amino Acid Selenocysteine on Maize (Zea mays L.) Exposed to Stress with Hydrogen Peroxide

A field experiment was conducted during the fall season (2022) in the fields of the College of Agriculture - University of Diyala in order to demonstrate the effect of foliar Application with sulfur element and the amino acid Selenocysteine on maize (Zea mays.L) subjected to hydrogen peroxide stress and its effect on plant height, leaf area, proline and catalase enzyme, the experiment was carried out according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD), a regular global experiment with three replications, and the experimental parameters included the following: Three levels of spraying acid with hydrogen peroxide (0, 5, 10) mg. L-1 and three levels of spraying with the amino acid Selenocysteine (0, 50, 100) mg.L-1, two concentrations of liquid sulfur Zolfast (0, 2.5) g. L-1 and H2O2 was sprayed first, then the two experimental factors were sprayed later. The yellow corn crop was cultivated and the results showed that the values of plant height, leaf area, rollin and catalyse enzyme have increased with significant differences with increasing levels of sulfur spraying (S), and these values increased significantly with increasing spray concentrations of amino acid (Sec), while the studied characteristics decreased when spraying with hydrogen peroxide at a high concentration (H10), and the bilateral interference between the study factors gave a significant increase in the studied characteristics, The triple interference between the three study factors (H2O2 + Sec + S) showed that it treated hydrogen peroxide damage through an increase in all studied characteristics when spraying the plant with homocysteine and sulfur (H10, Sec100, S2.5) and a decrease in the characteristis when not sprayed (H10, Sec0, S0).
The Effect of Fungi Accompanying cuscuta on the Germination Rates of Ocimum and cuscuta Seeds and Their Molecular Diagnosis

This study was conducted at the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / Plant Protection Department / University of Baghdad-Jadriya, with the aim of isolating fungal pathogens from samples of the parasite on different plant families (Solanum, Astragalus, Conocarpus, chenopodium, Alhagi, Ocimum) from several areas in Baghdad and Diyala Governorate and diagnosing them phenotypically and testing their pathogenicity. The results of isolation and phenotypic diagnostics from the stems and seeds of the cuscuta showed the presence of 12 genera belonging to nine species : Alternaria, sp. (F2), Alternaria sp. (F4), Aspergillus sp. (F6), Aspergillus sp. (F12), Chaetomium sp. (Amesia sp.) (F7), Cladosporium sp. (F8), Curvularia sp. (F5), Helminthosporium sp. (F10), Penicillium sp. (F9), Rhizoctonia solani (F1), Stemphylium sp. (F3), Stemphylium sp. (F11). The results showed that the fungus Aspergillus sp. , Curvularia sp. , Chaetomium sp. Helminthosporium sp. and SP. Stemphylium was first recorded on the Cuscuta plant in Iraq. The results of the pathogenetic assessment showed that all the tested isolates (F1-F12) were pathogenic to Porter and Ocimum seeds, as they caused a significant reduction in seed germination rates compared to the control treatment (without inoculation with fungal vaccine). it was found that there was a difference between fungal isolates in reducing the percentage of seed germination, as some fungal isolates achieved the highest reduction in the percentage of germination of carrier seeds. the effect of their fungal filters on the germination of Porter and Ocimum seeds was tested and diagnosed in part. The results showed that the leached fungus Chaetomium sp. With concentrations of 20, 40 and 60%, it significantly reduced the percentage of germination of Porter seeds and differed significantly with the coefficients of Aspergillus SP. (F6) fungal filters, Stemphylium sp. (F3), Alternaria sp. (F4), Curvularia sp. (F5) by analogy with the comparison treatment, while there are no significant differences between the fungal filtrate at the three concentrations. The results also showed that the fungus leached Chaetomium sp. (F7). And Aspergillus sp. sp. (F6) in concentration, it had a significant effect in reducing the percentage of germination of Ocimum seeds compared to the comparative treatment. She showed that the isolates belong to fungi (F2 Aspergillus Flavus and(F4) Alternaria alstroemeria and that F5 Curvularia spicifera and F3 Stemphylium vesicarium and F7 belong to Amesia atrobrunneum and the name was changed instead of the old name Chaetomium atrobrunneum and deposited in the gene bank Gene Bank and NCBI under the accession numbers oq746923, Oq746924, Oq746925 and Oq74692.
The Effect of Bacterial Inoculum and Different Levels of Tillage Depths on the Growth Characteristics of Wheat Plant and the Physical Properties of the Soil

A field experiment was carried out to study the role of the inoculum of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium under different levels of tillage depths on the physical properties of the soil and in the growth and productivity of wheat plant Triticum aestivum.L. In the Warka district, located in the north of Al-Muthanna Governorate, during the winter season 2022-2023. The factorial experiment was designed with a randomized complete block design within split plots (RCBD) and with three replications. The first factor represented the live inoculum of B. megaterium and B. subtilis with four types (B3, B2, B1, B0) B0 without the addition of inoculum, B1 represents B. megaterium. B2 represents B.subtilis and the fourth treatment B3 included the dual inoculum B1 + B2. the second factor represents tillage depths at with four levels is symbolized by symbols (D1, D2, D3, D4) where D1 represents zero tillage depth, D2 represents a tillage depth of 10 cm, D3 represents a tillage depth of 20 cm, D4 represents a tillage depth of 30 cm. The results showed the following. The B3 pollen treatment, the dual bio-pollination, achieved a significant increase in each of the grain yield, the dry weight of the shoot, the total porosity characteristics, and the bulk density of the soil, as it recorded the highest average rates, (5.600, 11667.8, 53.235, and 1.2486) respectively. The results showed that the tillage factor D4 was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments in most of the studied traits, the dry weight of the vegetation, that the tillage factor D3 was significantly superior to the rest of the treatments the grain yield, while the depth D1 was superior in the two characteristics of the total porosity of the soil and the bulk density, and it gave the following results, respectively. (6.079,11141.1, 58.013, 1.1211). While the treatments of the interaction of the dual vital pollen with the tillage factor D4B3 gave a significant, the dry weight of the vegetation (13204.4) Kg hac-1, and treatments of the interaction of the dual vital pollen with the tillage factor D3B3 gave a significant, the grain yield, of the (6.684) Mg, while the treatment was superior to D1B3 in the two characteristics of the total porosity of the soil and the bulk density. The following results (58.563%,1.1064 Meq m-3) res.
Effect of Shading, Licorice Extract and Mycorrhizal on the Growth and Production of Commercial Cut Flowers of Two Cultivars of Shrubby Roses

An experiment was conducted using the RCBD design, namely the Factorial Experiment within the Split-Split Plot. Complementary Storyline Shading, licorice extract, and mycorrhizal were tested on two cultivars of shrubby roses in a plastic greenhouse at the Department of Horticulture and Palms in the Baghdad Governorate during the spring of 2022 for their impact on the growth and production of commercial cut flowers. The use of two varieties of shrub roses, Angelina, red in color and Maroussia, white, using three levels of shading without shading and 25% and 50%. 1 + Maiko Raisa). And (chelated iron + mycorrhizal (1 g / liter-1 + mycorrhizae) and licorice extract + chelated iron + mycorrhizae). The flowers are of anthocyanin pigment, while the V2 variety was significantly superior to the V1 variety in flower stem diameter. While the characteristics of vegetative growth represented by the average leaf area and the content of leaves of chlorophyll and the characteristics of flowering growth represented by the diameter of the flower stem, the duration of the flower remaining on the plant and the content of flowers of the anthocyanin pigment were significantly superior when using shading levels 50% (S2) and the levels of fertilization consisting of mycorrhiza and licorice extract And chelated iron (F3) in all characteristics of vegetative and flowering growth.
The Effect of Spraying with Micronutrients using Different Types of Nozzles on the Growth and Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.)

A field experiment was conducted in the north of Basra Governorate during the fall season of 2019 to determine the effect of the nozzles type and spraying of zinc and iron on the growth, yield, and quality of maize (Al-Maha cultivar). The first factor was (spraying zinc 90 mg L-1 F1, iron 300 mg L-1 F2, and zinc 90 mg L-1 + iron 300 mg L-1 F3). The second factor (Nozzles type: Tip Nozzle N1, Flat fan Nozzle N2, Hollow Cone Nozzle N3). R. C. B.D design with three replications was utilized. The application of micronutrients through spraying yielded positive outcomes. Specifically, treatment F2 exhibited the tallest stem height, measuring 139.68 cm. Treatment F4 demonstrated the largest stem diameter, measuring 1.91 cm. Furthermore, treatment F4 resulted in the highest mean values for grain yield (5.44 tonne ha-1), chlorophyll content (31.73 spad), and protein content (11.039%). Regarding the second factor, it was observed that N1 exhibited superior performance in stem diameter, measuring 1.889 cm. The F2N2 treatment demonstrated superior performance in stem height, with an average measurement of 148.05 cm. Conversely, the F4N2 treatment exhibited excellence in stem diameter, with an average measurement of 1.94 cm.
The Effect of Adding Levels Hibisscus sabdariffa.L of Powder in the Ration on the Productive Performance of Broiler Chickens

The study was carried out in the poultry farms affiliated to Animal Production Research - College of Agriculture - University of Kirkuk. 250 one-day-old, unsexed chickens were used for a period of 45 days, to find out the effect of the local currant powder added to the diet on the productive performance of broiler chickens of the Rose 308 type distributed randomly into 6 treatments divided into 5 replications for each replicate. 10 birds included, the first treatment being control the second contains 0.05 mg of BHT, and the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth contain 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% of Hibisscus Sabdariffa.L, respectively. The results showed that there were significant differences at the level of P≤0.05. Forage consumption increased in the sixth treatment for all weeks, and the total rate, except for the sixth week, was superior to T4, T5, and T6. The weight gain recipe outperformed the sixth treatment for all weeks, and in the food conversion treatment T1 decreased in the first week, while in the second week it decreased in T5, while in the third and fifth weeks, and the total rate decreased T6, T5, but in the sixth week it was lower in T6. There were no significant differences in the percentage of purification and in the weights of the carcass, heart and liver, and the gizzard excelled at T6.
Relationship of Body Weights with the Productive Performance of Lambs of the Awassi and Karakul Breeds and Crossbred Sheep

A study was carried out on 60 ewes of the Awassi and Karakul breeds, and cross at age of birth, weaned and 6 months in Barakat Abi Al-Fadl Al-Abbas Station in Karbala Governorate, Iraq from the first of June 2022 until the first of June of the year 2023.with the aim of studying relationship between body weights (BW) of lambs and productive performance (PP) through a set of factors (Genetic group - Sex of lamb - Age of dams - Month of birth - Weight of dams), The statistical analysis system (SAS) was used to analyze the data. The result is displayed as follows: The genetic group, the sex of lambs, the age of the ewe, and the month of birth didn’t affect BW and average weight gain (AWG) of lambs at birth, weaning, and 6 months of age. Only weight of the ewe had a significant effect (P<0.05) on weight of lambs at 6 months of age. The ewes weighing more than 48 kg were superior to the rest of the other weights, with an average weight of 28.35 kg, while the weight of the ewe did not affect the weight of lambs at birth and weaning, also affected weight of the ewe on rate of weight gain at birth, weaning, and 6 months, with the superiority of ewes weighing more than 48 kg over the rest of the weights. Weaning weight was positively correlated with birth weight and highly significant (P<0.01), and the regression coefficient between 6-month-old body weight and weaning weight was high and significant (P<0.01).
Chemical and Physical Properties of Bovine Colostrum and the Effect of some Pasteurization Treatments on Them

This study estimated the chemical composition, physical properties, vitamins, and minerals in bovine colostrum samples and studied the effect of pasteurization at 63 °C / 30 minutes (T2) and 72 °C / 15 seconds (T3), compared to an unpasteurized sample (T1), on chemical properties (moisture, protein, fat, lactose, ash), physical properties (pH, density, viscosity), and vitamin and mineral concentrations. Pasteurization at 72 °C/15 sec more effect. T2 and T3 have 75.91% and 75.81% moisture, respectively, compared to T1’s 76.49%. T2 and T3 vs T1. T2 and T3 treatments had 12.38% and 12.24% protein, respectively, compared to 12.53% for T1. T1 had 5.71% fat, whereas T2 and T3 had 5.83% and 5.92%, respectively. T1 had 3.12% lactose, whereas T2 and T3 had 3.43% and 3.50%, respectively. T2 and T3 had 2.45% and 2.53% ash, respectively, whereas T1 had 2.15%. The pH values of T2, T3, and T1 were 6.11, 6.14, and 5.97, respectively, indicating that T2 and T3 pasteurization treatments affect the physical properties of colostrum. Density was 1.117 g/cm3 in T2 and 1.172 in T3, and 1.084 in T1. T1, T2, and T3 have viscosities of 16.71 CP, 26.47 CP, and 30.48 CP, respectively. Vitamins and minerals were high in colostrum samples on the first day of birth, but pasteurization treatments T2 and T3 decreased the concentration of fat-soluble vitamins A, E, D, and K and water-soluble B2 and B12 compared to unpasteurized. Pasteurization treatments T2 and T3 significantly decreased calcium and phosphorus concentrations compared to unpasteurized, although magnesium, iron, zinc, and sodium were unaffected.
Genetic Variants of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) Gene and Their Relationship with Productive Traits in Ross 308 Broilers

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between different genetic variants of the insulin-like growth factor 1 IGF-1 gene and some productive traits in Ross 308 broilers. A total of 150 one-day-old chicks were reared under good management conditions based on the rearing guide and a free-range feeding system. The birds were numbered, and their weights were recorded weekly to calculate weekly weight gain. Other weekly body measurements were also taken. After the rearing period, blood samples were collected from the birds via the wing vein, followed by slaughter and weighing of the carcass to determine the dressing percentage. The main and secondary cuts were weighed, and chest dimensions were measured. DNA was extracted, and three genetic structures were identified using sequencing technology, including GG, GT, and TT, with genetic structure proportions of 0.34, 0.58, and 0.08, respectively. The allele frequencies of G and T were 0.63 and 0.37, respectively. The results showed a significant superiority (P≤0.05) in weight and weekly weight gain for the TT genetic variant in the third, fourth, and fifth weeks compared to the other genetic variants (GT and GG). The TT variant also exhibited superiority in chest circumference in the third and fifth weeks and chest width in the third week. On the other hand, the TT and GG genetic variants showed superiority in chest width in the second and fourth weeks. The TT variant also demonstrated superiority in carcass weight and chest length compared to the other genetic variants. Moreover, the study revealed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the dressing percentage, relative weight of the chest, wings, and back for the GT and GG genetic variants compared to the TT genetic variant. The GT variant also showed superiority in the relative weight of the thighs. However, there were no significant differences among the genetic variants in the relative weight of the neck and chest depth.