Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computer-aided indirect bonding versus traditional direct bonding of orthodontic brackets: bonding time, immediate bonding failures, and cost-minimization. A randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION The primary aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the time for bracket bonding using either direct or computer-aided indirect bonding; a secondary aim was to assess immediate bracket debondings and cost minimization. METHODS Consecutive patients were randomly allocated to two groups (blocks of four, online-generated sequence) using a split-mouth design with a direct and a computer-aided indirect bonding method: group 1 (upper right and lower left quadrants: indirect bonding; upper left and lower right quadrants: direct bonding) or group 2 (opposite situation). The primary outcome was difference in time spent for bonding brackets. The secondary outcome was immediate bracket debondings (at the bonding appointment). Time for indirect bonding was recorded in two steps: digital bracket placement and clinical bonding procedure. Outcome assessment was blinded. Friedman's ANOVA test was used to assess differences in bonding time. Chi-square test was used to compare immediate debondings. A cost-minimization analysis was undertaken. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients were randomized to group 1 or 2. Ten patients were excluded: 15 patients were analyzed in group 1 and 12 in group 2. Clinical chair time for bonding half a mouth was significantly shorter for computer-aided indirect bonding (12 minutes 52 seconds) than for direct bonding (16 minutes 47 seconds) (P < 0.001). When adding the time for digital bracket placement, the total bonding time (28 minutes 14 seconds) was longer for indirect bonding than for direct bonding (P < 0.001). There was no single immediate debonding with the direct bonding method, while 14 brackets were lost with the indirect bonding method (5.1 per cent) (P = 0.0001). Cost-minimization analysis showed that computer-aided indirect bonding was more expensive than direct bonding. CONCLUSIONS The clinical chair time was significantly shorter for computer-aided indirect bonding than for direct bonding. However, the total bonding time for computer-aided indirect, including digital bracket placement, was longer than for direct bonding. There were significantly more immediate debondings with computer-aided indirect bonding than with direct bonding. Under these conditions, computer-aided indirect bonding was more expensive than direct bonding. REGISTRATION This trial was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (University of Aarhus Protocol Record 10101). PROTOCOL The protocol was not published before trial commencement.
Common mental disorders among Irish jockeys: prevalence and risk factors

ABSTRACT Objective Jockeys compete in a sport, horseracing, renowned for its physical and psychological demands. Previous research has identified that common mental disorders (CMDs) may be prevalent among this unique population of athletes. The aim of the present study was to further explore the prevalence of CMDs among jockeys and to test for associations with potential risk factors. Methods An anonymous survey was distributed to professional jockey online. Self-report screening tools for four CMDs (psychological distress, depression, generalized anxiety, and adverse alcohol use) were included alongside predictor variables from questionnaires assessing for burnout, career satisfaction, social support, and the contemplation of retirement. Binary logistic regression was used to explore associations between CMDs (present versus not present) and risk factors. Eighty-four professional jockeys completed the questionnaire (response rate = 52%). Results In total, 79% of jockeys met the threshold for at least one CMD. Prevalence (%) of CMD varied as follows: adverse alcohol (61%), depression (35%), generalized anxiety (27%), and psychological distress (19%). Burnout, career (dis)satisfaction, lower levels of social support, and the contemplation of retirement increased the odds of meeting the criteria for CMDs. Conclusion The findings indicate that jockeys report CMD symptoms at comparable rates to athletes in other sports. The study was the first to highlight potential risk factors as predictors of CMDs among jockeys, including burnout, career satisfaction, and the current contemplation of retirement. Screening tools for the risk factors demonstrated may, therefore, provide useful in the early identification of CMDs among jockeys. The development of jockey-specific assessment tools, education programmes, and interventions may help better understand and support the mental health of jockeys.
Frogs in Helium: The Anuran Vocal Sac Is Not a Cavity Resonator

A widely cited yet unproven function for anuran vocal sacs is that of cavity resonance and call tuning during vocalization. Because resonant frequency is influenced by the speed of sound within the cavity, we replaced a substantial proportion of the air in the anuran vocal tract with heliox (80% He/20% O₂), a medium in which the speed of sound is approximately 75% faster than in a normal atmosphere. Such a manipulation will increase energy in higher call frequencies, provided that cavity resonance is present. In a heliox atmosphere, no consistent or predictable change in the frequency distribution of sound energy was observed in the advertisement calls of two hylids and one leptodactylid or in the release call of a bufonid. Therefore, the call characteristics of the anurans in this study do not arise from cavity resonance in the vocal sac or other supralaryngeal structures. The anuran vocal sac may have a variety of acoustic and nonacoustic functions, but that of cavity resonator can now be excluded in the species examined here and is unlikely to be found in other anurans.
Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Grown Up: An 18-Year Follow-Up after Multimodal Treatment

Objective: ADHD treatment has positive effects on behavioral symptoms and psychosocial functioning, but studies that follow children treated for ADHD into adulthood are rare. Method: This follow-up study assessed symptom severity and functional outcomes of adults (n = 70) who had received individualized ADHD treatment in the Cologne Adaptive Multimodal Treatment (CAMT) Study at ages 6 to 10 years. Results: Despite symptomatic improvement, participants reported poorer educational and occupational outcomes than expected (e.g., currently unemployed: 17%). They had also been in contact with the justice system more often than expected (e.g., lifetime convictions: 33%) and were impaired on health-related outcomes (e.g., substance use problems: 15%). Several social outcomes were favorable (e.g., long-term relationship/married: 63%). Conclusion: Compared to the general population or norm samples, CAMT participants had a higher relative risk (RR) of functional impairments, demonstrating the need for continued support for a substantial proportion of the young adults.
Predictors of persistent inflammation in familial Mediterranean fever and association with damage.

OBJECTIVE Persistent inflammation is an insidious and less studied feature of FMF. We investigated clinical determinants of persistent inflammation and its associations with individual damage items. METHODS This is a cross-sectional analysis of 917 FMF patients, who fulfilled the Tel Hashomer criteria and had at least 6 months' follow-up. Patients were stratified based on whether they had persistent inflammation. We used logistic regression analysis to investigate independent predictors of persistent inflammation and the associated individual damage items. RESULTS One hundred and forty-two (15%) patients had persistent inflammation. Active FMF (54%) was the most prominent reason for the persistent inflammation. Spondylarthritis (16%), other inflammatory arthritis (8%) and IBD (2%) were other frequent reasons. Male gender, history of exertional leg pain, inflammatory comorbidities, M694V homozygosity, colchicine resistance, lower education levels and musculoskeletal attack dominance were found to be the independent predictors of persistent inflammation. Earlier disease onset led to a tendency towards persistent inflammation. Patients with persistent inflammation were more likely to suffer damage. There is an increased risk of developing proteinuria, amyloidosis and renal insufficiency. CONCLUSION We identified, for the first time, the predictors of persistent inflammation in adult FMF patients and related individual damage items of the Autoinflammatory Disease Damage Index. Persistent inflammation is insidious and one of the chief causes of damage; therefore, especially patients with these predictors should be followed up more closely. If detected, underlying inflammatory comorbidities should be assessed meticulously as early detection and proper treatment strategies may favourably impact the natural history of the disease.
The aroylhydrazone INHHQ prevents memory impairment induced by Alzheimer’s-linked amyloid-β oligomers in mice

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Converging evidence indicates that neurotoxicity and memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease is induced by brain accumulation of soluble amyloid-β oligomers (AβOs). Physiological metals are poorly distributed and concentrated in the senile plaques typical of Alzheimer’s disease, where they may be coordinated to the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). Indeed, zinc and copper increase Aβ oligomerization and toxicity. Metal-protein attenuating compounds represent a class of agents proposed for Alzheimer’s disease treatment, as they reduce abnormal interactions of metal ions with Aβ, inhibit Aβ oligomerization and prevent deleterious redox reactions in the brain. The present work investigates the protective action of an isoniazid-derived aroylhydrazone, INHHQ, on AβO-induced memory impairment. Systemic administration of a single dose of INHHQ (1 mg/kg) prevented both short-term and long-term memory impairment caused by AβOs in mice. In-vitro studies showed that INHHQ prevents Cu(Aβ)-catalyzed production of reactive oxygen species. Although the mechanism of protection by INHHQ is not yet fully understood at a molecular level, the results reported herein certainly point to the value of aroylhydrazones as promising neuroprotective agents in Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders.
Immunometabolism of Leishmania granulomas

Leishmania are parasitic protists that cause a spectrum of diseases in humans characterized by the formation of granulomatous lesions in the skin or other tissues, such as liver and spleen. The extent to which Leishmania granulomas constrain or promote parasite growth is critically dependent on the host T‐helper type 1/T‐helper type 2 immune response and the localized functional polarization of infected and noninfected macrophages toward a classically (M1) or alternatively (M2) activated phenotype. Recent studies have shown that metabolic reprograming of M1 and M2 macrophages underpins the capacity of these cells to act as permissive or nonpermissive host reservoirs, respectively. In this review, we highlight the metabolic requirements of Leishmania amastigotes and the evidence that these parasites induce and/or exploit metabolic reprogramming of macrophage metabolism. We also focus on recent studies highlighting the role of key macrophage metabolic signaling pathways, such as mechanistic target of rapamycin, adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator receptor gamma in regulating the pathological progression of Leishmania granulomas. These studies highlight the intimate connectivity between Leishmania and host cell metabolism, the need to investigate these interactions in vivo and the potential to exploit host cell metabolic signaling pathways in developing new host‐directed therapies.
Huanglongbing in Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar

Surveys conducted in Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar have shown that several citrus species were showing HLB-like symptoms. PCR analysis of leaf midrib samples indicated that " Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" infects various citrus cultivars in all the sites visited. Diaphorina citri , the Asian psyllid vector of HLB, was also seen in Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar.
Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exosomes and Conditioned Media Increased Neutrophil Lifespan and Phagocytosis Capacity

ABSTRACT Neutrophils are the first cells involved in inflammation and pathogen elimination, but they have a short lifespan. So, strategies for enhancing neutrophil lifespan and activities can be useful in many situations such as patients with immunodeficiencies. Previous researches demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has anti-apoptotic effects on neutrophils. These multipotent cells have immunomodulatory properties and can be isolated from different tissues. MSCs isolated from Wharton’s jelly (WJ-MSCs), a mucosal connective tissue of the umbilical cord, may be better candidates than MSCs obtained from bone marrow or adipose tissue, because WJ-MSCs are younger and protected from damages that are resulted from aging, environmental toxins, and diseases. In addition, they have high proliferative capacity, easier accessibility, and more abundance. It was shown that following in vitro expansion, they are more effective than other sources of MSCs. Cell to cell contact or secretion of soluble factors and exosomes are the main approaches of MSCs in applying their effects. Exosomes and conditioned media (CM) were prepared from WJ-MSCs. Then, neutrophils were isolated and cultured with medium, CM, or exosomes. Then, neutrophil respiratory burst, apoptosis, and phagocytosis capacity were assessed by NBT assay, Annexin V-PI method, and Giemsa staining, respectively. Both treatments improved neutrophil lifespan and phagocytosis. Only MSC-CM could enhance neutrophil respiratory burst. This research demonstrated that MSC-exosomes and CM have protective effects on neutrophil function and lifespan. It can be concluded that MSC mediators can be responsible factors for protective functions of MSCs on neutrophils.
Tracheostomy Post Liver Transplant: Predictors, Complications, and Outcomes

Background Liver transplant (LT) patients have an increased risk of postoperative respiratory failure requiring tracheostomy. This study sought to characterize objective clinical predictors of tracheostomy. Material/Methods The records for 2017 LT patients at a single institution were reviewed. Patients requiring tracheostomy were first compared with all other patients. A case-control subgroup analysis was conducted in which 98 tracheostomy patients were matched with 98 non-tracheostomy LT patients. For the case-control study, muscle mass was assessed using preoperative computed tomography scans. Results Among 2017 LT patients, 98 required tracheostomy (5%), with a 19% complication rate. Tracheostomy patients were older and had a higher model for end-stage liver disease score, a lower body mass index (BMI), and a greater smoking history. Tracheostomy patients had a longer hospital stay (45 vs. 10 days, P<0.001) and worse 1-year survival (65% vs. 91%, P<0.001). Ten-year Cox regression patient survival for tracheostomy patients was significantly worse (32% vs. 68%, P<0.001). In the case-control analysis, respiratory failure patients were older (P<0.01) and had a lower BMI (P=0.05). They also had a muscle mass deficit of −39% compared with matched LT controls (P<0.001). No significant differences were seen with pre-LT total protein or albumin or with forced expiratory volume in 1 s divided by forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) values. Conclusions Predictors for respiratory failure requiring post-LT tracheostomy include higher model for end-stage liver disease score, older age, lower BMI, greater smoking history, and worse sarcopenia. Patients requiring tracheostomy have dramatically longer hospital stays and worse survival.
Seasonal incidence, varietal susceptibility and chemical control of shoot borer, Microcolona technographa Meyrick (Lepidoptera: cosmopterygidae) on guava

The investigations were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during 1999 to 2001. The infestation of guava shoot borer, Microcolona technographa Meyrick at four locations varied from 46–66 per cent on full-grown trees whereas, it was 63–97 per cent on nursery plants. The apical buds of full-grown trees were more preferred (83.2%) to that of nursery plants (69.8%) while the infestation on auxiliary buds (62.7%), leaf petiole (37.4%) and leaf mid-rib (16.3%) of nursery plants was more compared to full-grown trees. The number of larvae and holes per shoot on nursery plants (2.9±1.2 larvae and 6.8±2.1 holes) were significantly high in full-grown trees (1.2±0.9 larvae and 2.6±1.3 holes). The pest remained active from mid April to November with its peak period of infestation from mid July to mid August. The effect of abiotic factors showed that mean temperature (r= 0.48 and 0.47, respectively with per cent infestation and fresh holes bored) and relative humidity (r=0.37 and 0.34) had significant impact on build up of shoot borer population. The selections showing more infestation had more number of holes and vice-versa. Among 31 genotypes, four selections viz., Red Flesh (Faizabad), Sardar Guava, Dharwar and Annu Ishkwala showing 14–20 per cent infestation were moderately resistant. Monocrotophos, chlorpyriphos, quinalphos and endosulfan each @ 0.1 per cent were found effective in reducing the pest infestation significantly.
Silver Nanoparticles for a Colorimetric Determination of Putrescine and Cadaverine in Biological Samples

A convenient and uncomplicated scheme has been projected for the quantitative determination of essential diamines putrescine (PUT) and cadaverine (CAD) via sodium dodecyl sulfate protected silver nanoparticles (SDS-AgNPs). This scheme is based on the chemical interaction of a SDS-AgNPs probe with PUT and CAD, leading to a color change from yellow to red or reddish brown. The interaction was investigated through different techniques such as using a UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS) and the zeta potential. Both amines possess a close resemblance in structure (except for the addition of one more methylene group in CAD), and no any distinguishable color change was noted. However, the maximum absorption band at 580 and 600 nm was demonstrated for PUT and CAD correspondingly. The methodical response was observed at absorption ratios of 580/410 and 600/410 nm, with the linear regression within 4–12 and 6–14 μg/mL for PUT and CAD. The detection limits calculated for both the diamines PUT and CAD were 0.333 and 1.638 μg/mL. The scheme was successfully applied for determinations in biological samples, including spiked blood plasma and urine. Putrescine exhibited % recovery within 95.717–105.200%, while cadaverine was within 95.940–105.109%, respectively. The scheme was reproducible and precise with inter-day RSD ( n = 5) within 1.126, 0.018% and the intraday RSD ( n = 5) was within 0.005, 0.002% for PUT and CAD, respectively.
The effects of aging and an episodic specificity induction on spontaneous task-unrelated thought

When voluntarily describing their past or future, older adults typically show a reduction in episodic specificity (e.g., including fewer details reflecting a specific event, time and/or place). However, aging has less impact on other types of tasks that place minimal demands on strategic retrieval such as spontaneous thoughts. In the current study, we investigated age-related differences in the episodic specificity of spontaneous thoughts using experimenter-based coding of thought descriptions. Additionally, we tested whether an episodic specificity induction, which increases episodic detail during deliberate retrieval of events in young and older adults, has the same effect under spontaneous retrieval. Twenty-four younger and 24 healthy older adults performed two counterbalanced sessions including a video, the episodic specificity or control induction, and a vigilance task. In the episodic specificity induction, participants recalled the details of the video while in the control they solved math exercises. The impact of this manipulation on the episodic specificity of spontaneous thoughts was assessed in the subsequent vigilance task, in which participants were randomly stopped to describe their thoughts and classify them as deliberate/spontaneous. We found no differences in episodic specificity between age groups in spontaneous thoughts, supporting the prediction that automatic retrieval attenuates the episodic specificity decrease in aging. The lack of age differences was present regardless of the induction, showing no interactions. For the induction, we also found no main effect, indicating that automatic retrieval bypasses event construction and accesses pre-stored events. Overall, our evidence suggests that spontaneous retrieval is a promising strategy to support episodic specificity in aging.
Vestibular disease in dogs under UK primary veterinary care: Epidemiology and clinical management

Abstract Background Vestibular disease (VD), central or peripheral, can be a dramatic primary‐care presentation. Current literature describes mostly dogs examined in referral centers. Hypothesis/Objectives Describe the prevalence, presentation, clinical management, and outcomes of VD in dogs under primary veterinary care at UK practices participating in VetCompass. Animals Seven hundred and fifty‐nine vestibular cases identified out of 905 544 study dogs. Methods Retrospective cohort study. Potential VD cases clinically examined during 2016 were verified by reviewing clinical records for signalment, presenting clinical signs, treatments, and outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with VD. Results The overall prevalence of VD was 8 per 10 000 dogs (95% CI = 7‐9). Median age at first diagnosis was 12.68 years (interquartile range [IQR], 11.28‐14.64). Compared with crossbreeds, breeds with the highest odds of VD diagnosis included French Bulldogs (odds ratio [OR] = 9.25, 95% CI = 4.81‐17.76, P < .001), Bulldogs (OR = 6.53, 95% CI = 2.66‐16.15, P < .001), King Charles Spaniels (OR = 4.96, 95% CI = 2.52‐9.78, P < .001), Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (OR = 3.56, 95% CI = 2.50‐5.06, P < .001), and Springer Spaniels (OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 2.52‐4.52, P < .001). The most common presenting signs were head tilt (69.8%), nystagmus (68.1%), and ataxia (64.5%). The most frequently used treatments were antiemetics (43.2%), systemic glucocorticoids (33.1%), antimicrobials (25%), and propentofylline (23.25%). There were 3.6% of cases referred. Improvement was recorded in 41.8% cases after a median of 4 days (IQR, 2‐10.25). Conclusions Our study identifies strong breed predispositions for VD. The low referral rates suggest that primary‐care data sources offer more generalizable information for benchmarking to help clinicians review their own clinical activities.