Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Growth Stages and Altitude on Artemisia herba-alba Asso Essential Oil Growing in Iran

Abstract The effects of different altitudes (1100, 1200, 1280 and 1380 m) and growth stages (vegetative and flowering) on essential oil extracted from Artemisia herba-alba Asso plants which collected from North Rangeland of Gorgan Province, Iran, were investigated by GC and GC-MS. Growth stages, altitudes and their interactions had a positive effect in essential oil content (ml g-2). Altitude 1280 m gave the maximum mean values of essential oil content (0.8 and 0.92 ml g-2) during vegetative and flowering stages respectively. The main constituents of A. herba-alba Asso essential oil were cis-pinocarveol and artemisia ketone. The highest values of main components were obtained during the flowering stage. Within the essential oil, the relative level for various constituents increased, decreased, or disappear in A. herba-alba Asso plants during the growth stages. The chemical classes of essential oil such as monoterpene hydrocarbons [MH], oxygenated monoterpenes [OM], sesquiterpene hydrocarbons [SM] and oxygenated sesquiterpenes [OS] were increased at vegetative stage compared with flowering stage. However diterpene hydrocarbons [DH] class was decreased during the flowering stage compared with vegetative stage. However diterpene hydrocarbons [DH] class was increased during the flowering stage compared with vegetative stage.
Combination therapy of Tocilizumab and steroid for management of COVID-19 associated cytokine release syndrome

Abstract Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or cytokine storm is thought to be the cause of inflammatory lung damage, worsening pneumonia and death in patients with COVID-19. Steroids (Methylprednislone or Dexamethasone) and Tocilizumab (TCZ), an interleukin-6 receptor antagonist, are approved for treatment of CRS in India. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy of TCZ and steroid in COVID-19 associated CRS. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Noble hospital and Research Centre (NHRC), Pune, India between April 2 and November 2, 2020. All patients administered TCZ and steroids during this period were included. The primary endpoint was incidence of all cause mortality. Secondary outcomes studied were need for mechanical ventilation and incidence of systemic and infectious complications. Baseline and time dependent risk factors significantly associated with death were identified by Relative risk estimation. Out of 2831 admitted patients, 515 (24.3% females) were administered TCZ and steroids. There were 135 deaths (26.2%), while 380 patients (73.8%) had clinical improvement. Mechanical ventilation was required in 242 (47%) patients. Of these, 44.2% (107/242) recovered and were weaned off the ventilator. Thirty seven percent patients were managed in wards and did not need intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Infectious complications like hospital acquired pneumonia, blood stream bacterial and fungal infections were observed in 2.13%, 2.13% and 0.06% patients respectively. Age ≥ 60 years (P = .014), presence of co-morbidities like hypertension (P = .011), IL-6 ≥ 100 pg/ml (P = .002), D-dimer ≥ 1000 ng/ml (P < .0001), CT severity index ≥ 18 (P < .0001) and systemic complications like lung fibrosis (P = .019), cardiac arrhythmia (P < .0001), hypotension (P < .0001) and encephalopathy (P < .0001) were associated with increased risk of death. Combination therapy of TCZ and steroids is likely to be safe and effective in management of COVID-19 associated cytokine release syndrome. Efficacy of this anti-inflammatory combination therapy needs to be validated in randomized controlled trials.
DSTO FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM Aerospace Applications of Adjoint Theory

Maximum 200 words) The adjoint simulation method is an efficient, computerized method for the performance analysis of linear time varying (LTV) systems excited by deterministic and/or stochastic inputs. It is based on the impulse response function (or weighting function) of the so-called adjoint system an associated linear system derived from the original system by clever utilisation of the mathematical principle of duality. Once the adjoint system is obtained, the solution process using this method is quite straight forward regardless of the nature and number of inputs. In this report, we demonstrate the power of adjoint simulation in the context of guided missile homing loop studies and present a MATLAB tool that can be used for its speedy implementation and execution. The tool is demonstrated by using it to analyse the miss distance performance of a generic guided missile against an evading target.
Spawning phenology of a rapidly shifting marine fish species throughout its range

Ocean warming is leading to poleward range shifts for many fish species, and while well described, potential life history phenology differences within fish populations along a gradient from their historic to current distributional range have not been studied. In a rapidly shifting fish population, the Northern stock of black sea bass (Centropristis striata), we investigated spawning phenology and output across the US Northeast Shelf to comprise locations in their historic and more recently occupied range near their northern range boundary. Spawning started later in the northern extreme of our study but also ended earlier, leading to decreased spawning duration from south to north. Spawning phenology was mostly driven by Julian day followed by temperature and latitude. Gonadosomatic index, a proxy for reproductive output, was lower in the northern region, indicating that black sea bass did not compensate for the shorter spawning season there. Hepatosomatic index was lower in the northern regions indicating lower pre-spawning liver energy reserves, potentially leading to lower reproductive output. These results suggest a potential for lower recruitment in the recently occupied range and should be further investigated to predict the impacts of ocean warming and for proactive fisheries management as black sea bass distributional range expands poleward.
Crystal Structure of β‐Ga2O3

The crystal structure of β‐Ga2O3 has been determined from single‐crystal three‐dimensional x‐ray diffraction data. The monoclinic crystal has cell dimensions a=12.23±0.02, b=3.04±0.01, c=5.80±0.01 A and β=103.7±0.3° as originally reported by Kohn, Katz, and Broder [Am. Mineral. 42, 398 (1957)]. There are 4 Ga2O3 in the unit cell. The most probable space group to which the crystal belongs is C2h3—C2/m; the atoms are in five sets of special positions 4i: (000, ½½0)±(x0z). There are two kinds of coordination for Ga3+ ions in this structure, namely tetrahedral and octahedral. Average interionic distances are: tetrahedral Ga–O, 1.83 A; octahedral Ga–O, 2.00 A; tetrahedron edge O–O, 3.02 A; and octahedron edge O–O, 2.84 A. Because of the reduced coordination of half of the metal ions, the density of β‐Ga2O3 is lower than that of α‐Ga2O3 which has the α‐corundum structure. Also the closest approach of two Ga3+ ions in β‐Ga2O3 is 3.04 A which is considerably larger than the closest approach of metal ions in the s.
The Relationship Between Glucocorticoids and the Humoral Immune Response to Mycoplasma gallisepticum Challenges in Eastern Bluebirds

v INTRODUCTION . 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 11 Field Work and Captivity . 11 Experimental Procedures . 11 MG Antibody Detection . 15 Corticosterone Detection . 15 Data Analysis . 16 RESULTS . 18 DISCUSSION . 24 REFERENCES . 28
GL-D ISEN : G LOBAL -L OCAL DISENTANGLEMENT FOR UNSUPERVISED LEARNING OF GRAPH - LEVEL REPRE - SENTATIONS

Graph-level representation learning plays a crucial role in a variety of tasks such as molecular property prediction and community analysis. Currently, several models based on mutual information maximization have shown strong performance on the task of unsupervised graph representation learning. In this paper, instead, we consider a disentanglement approach to learn graph-level representations in the unsupervised setting. Our work is the ﬁrst to study disentanglement learning for graph-level representations. Our key observation is that the formation of many real-world graphs is a complex process with global and local generative factors. We hypothesize that disentangled representations which capture these global and local generative factors into independent latent units can be highly beneﬁ-cial. Speciﬁcally, for graph-level representation learning, our disentanglement approach can alleviate distraction due to local variations of individual nodes or individual local neighbourhoods. We propose a VAE based learning algorithm to disentangle the global graph-level information, which is common across the entire graph, and local patch-level information, which varies across individual patches (the local subgraphs centered around the nodes). Through extensive experiments and analysis, we show that our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance on the task of unsupervised graph representation learning.
Synthesis of metallic copper nanoparticles and metal-metal bonding process using them

Metallic copper nanoparticles were synthesised by reduction of copper ions in aqueous solution, and metal-metal bonding by using the nanoparticles was studied. A colloid solution of metallic copper nanoparticles was prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of CuCl2 (0.01 M) and an aqueous solution of hydrazine (reductant) (0.2-1.0 M) in the presence of 0.0005 M of citric acid and 0.005 M of n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (stabilizers) at reduction temperature of 30-80°C. Copper-particle size varied (in the range of ca. 80-165 nm) with varying hydrazine concentration and reduction temperature. These dependences of particle size are explained by changes in number of metallic-copper-particle nuclei (determined by reduction rate) and changes in collision frequency of particles (based on movement of particles in accordance with temperature). The main component in the nanoparticles is metallic copper, and the metallic-copper particles are polycrystalline. Metallic-copper discs were successfully bonded by annealing at 400°C and pressure of 1.2 MPa for 5 min in hydrogen gas with the help of the metalliccopper particles. Shear strength of the bonded copper discs was then measured. Dependences of shear strength on hydrazine concentration and reduction temperature were explained in terms of progress state of reduction, amount of impurity and particle size. Highest shear strength of 40.0 MPa was recorded for a colloid solution prepared at hydrazine concentration of 0.8 M and reduction temperature of 50°C.
Learned Dual-View Reﬂection Removal — Supplementary Material —

in Figure 3, has the side-effect of the synthesized images being darker than desired if there are many reflections. To account for this, we employ a simple auto-exposure approach that post-processes the prediction. Specifically, we apply an additional gain to make sure that the 60-percentile brightness of the image is no less than 0.5, and 95-percentile brightness is 1.0 (the image intensity range is [0, 1]). This is similar the auto exposure algorithm in [6]. This simple post-processing correctly adjusts the brightness of the synthesis result and yields less-dark and overall more-pleasant results.
Have the determinants of the sovereign spreads changed from 1993 until 2014? A panel data analysis for the Eurozone

This paper explores the determining factors of the Eurozone sovereign yields and the manner they have changed over the last twenty years. In this time period, ranging from 1993 to 2014, the Euro area has gone through different phases and economic cycles that we divide into: EMU antecedents (1993-1998), EMU creation (1999-2007) and debt crisis (2008-2014). Using a panel data approach, we observe that the different sovereign risk drivers change over time and the market does not act rationally.
Effects of Phase-Forming Cations and Anions on the Partition of Ionic Solutes in Aqueous Polyethylene Glycol-Inorganic Salt Two-Phase Systems

The partition bahavior of inorganic ions in aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG)-salt two-phase systems of different polymer and salt concentrations has been studied. Na_2SO_4, Na_2HPO_4 and K_2HPO_4 were used as phase-forming salts. Phase diagrams for the three aqueous PEG-salt two-phase systems were determined, and the partition coefficients for the inorganic ions in each of the systems were investigated as a function of the difference in the concentration of PEG in the two phases, ∆ w _PEG. It was found from the phase diagrams that the salting-out abilities of K^+ and SO_4^2- were lower than those of Na^+ and HPO_4^2-, respectively. However the former ions were more effective for the extraction of oppositely charged analyte ions to the PEG-rich phase than the latter ions when they were compared with each other under a constant ∆ w _PEG. On the other hand, Na^+ and HPO_4^2- were more effective than K^+ and SO_4^2- for the extraction of the ions which have the same charge sign as theirs. These counter-ion and co-ion effects of the phase-forming ions on the partition of ionic solutes are interpreted by a model regarding the partition mechanism of ions in the presence of excess amounts of co-existing salts.
The Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Repeat Local Treatment of Recurrent Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Simple Summary Up to 85% of patients with colorectal liver metastases develop distant intrahepatic recurrence after curative intent local treatment. (Inter)national guidelines and scientific societies consider repeat local treatment, comprising repeat thermal ablation and/or repeat resection, the standard of care to treat recurrent new colorectal liver metastases. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the potential additive value of neoadjuvant chemotherapy before repeat local treatment. The addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to repeat local treatment was suggested by merely all authors, though supporting evidence is lacking. The results do not substantiate the routine use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We are currently constructing a phase III randomized controlled trial directly comparing upfront repeat local treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by repeat local treatment (COLLISION RELAPSE trial). Abstract The additive value of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to repeat local treatment of patients with recurrent colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) is unclear. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and an additional search in Google Scholar to find articles comparing repeat local treatment by partial hepatectomy and/or thermal ablation with versus without NAC. The search included randomized trials and comparative observational studies with univariate/multivariate analysis and/or matching as well as (inter)national guidelines assessed using the AGREE II instrument. The search identified 21,832 records; 172 were selected for full-text review; 20 were included: 20 comparative observational studies were evaluated. Literature to evaluate the additive value of NAC prior to repeat local treatment was limited. Outcomes of NAC were often reported as subgroup analyses and reporting of results was frequently unclear. Assessment of the seven studies that qualified for inclusion in the meta-analysis showed conflicting results. Only one study reported a significant difference in overall survival (OS) favoring NAC prior to repeat local treatment. However, further analysis revealed a high risk for residual bias, because only a selected group of chemo-responders qualified for repeat local treatment, disregarding the non-responders who did not qualify. All guidelines that specifically mention recurrent disease (3/3) recommend repeat local treatment; none provide recommendations about the role of NAC. The inconclusive findings of this meta-analysis do not support recommendations to routinely favor NAC prior to repeat local treatment. This emphasizes the need to investigate the additive value of NAC prior to repeat local treatment of patients with recurrent CRLM in a future phase 3 randomized controlled trial (RCT).
CSF3 Is a Potential Drug Target for the Treatment of COVID-19

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease that appeared at the end of 2019. As of July 2020, the cumulative number of infections and deaths have exceeded 15 million and 630,000, respectively. And new cases are increasing. There are still many difficulties surrounding research on the mechanism and development of therapeutic vaccines. It is urgent to explore the pathogenic mechanism of viruses to help prevent and treat COVID-19. In our study, we downloaded two datasets related to COVID-19 (GSE150819 and GSE147507). By analyzing the high-throughput expression matrix of uninfected human bronchial organoids and infected human bronchial organoids in the GSE150819, 456 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which were mainly enriched in the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathway and so on. We also constructed the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs to identify the hub genes. Then we analyzed GSE147507, which contained lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549 and Calu3) and the primary bronchial epithelial cell line (NHBE), obtaining 799, 460, and 46 DEGs, respectively. The results showed that in human bronchial organoids, A549, Calu3, and NHBE samples infected with SARS-CoV-2, only one upregulated gene CSF3 was identified. Interestingly, CSF3 is one of the hub genes we previously screened in GSE150819, suggesting that CSF3 may be a potential drug target. Further, we screened potential drugs targeting CSF3 by MOE; the top 50 drugs were screened by flexible docking and rigid docking, with 37 intersections. Two antiviral drugs (Elbasvir and Ritonavir) were included; Elbasvir and Ritonavir formed van der Waals (VDW) interactions with surrounding residues to bind with CSF3, and Elbasvir and Ritonavir significantly inhibited CSF3 protein expression.
Antagonistic Activity of Bacteria Isolated from Apple in Different Fruit Development Stages against Blue Mold Caused by Penicillium expansum

Blue mold caused by Penicillium expansum is one of the most significant postharvest diseases of apples. Some microorganisms associated with the surface of ripening apples possess the ability to inhibit the growth of P. expansum. However, the existing literature about their colonization in the stages before ripening is not explored in depth. This study aims to characterize the antagonistic capacity of bacterial populations from five fruit development stages of ‘Royal Gala’ apples. The results have shown that the density of the bacterial populations decreases throughout the ripening stages of fruit (from 1.0 × 105 to 1.1 × 101 cfu/cm2). A total of 25 bacterial morphotypes (corresponding to five genera identified by 16S RNA) were differentiated in which Bacillus stood out as a predominant genus. In the in vitro antagonism tests, 10 Bacillus strains (40%) inhibited the mycelial growth of P. expansum from 30.1% to 60.1%, while in fruit bioassays, the same strains reduced the fruit rot ranging from 12% to 66%. Moreover, the bacterial strains with antagonistic activity increased in the ripening fruit stage. B. subtilis subsp. spiziennii M24 obtained the highest antagonistic activity (66.9% of rot reduction). The matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization- time of flight mass spectrometry analysis revealed that bacteria with antagonistic activity produce antifungal lipopeptides from iturin and fengycin families.
Hysteresis in Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations of adsorption in porous materials

We present a molecular dynamics simulation method for adsorption/desorption in a sample of a model porous material from a fluid reservoir at a fixed chemical potential and temperature. The method was developed to investigate the stability of the states associated with hysteresis in the adsorption/desorption isotherms obtained in grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. For a model of a simple fluid adsorbed in a silica gel, we find that the hysteresis loops obtained in the molecular dynamics calculations are essentially identical to those obtained in GCMC simulations of the same system. The significance of this result is discussed.
What is the Eisenhardt Method, really?

This essay sharpens and refreshes the multi-case theory-building approach, sometimes termed The “Eisenhardt Method. ” The Method’s singular aim is theory building, especially with multiple cases and theoretical logic. Its defining features (e.g. research questions without obvious answers, careful case selection, well-identified constructs and relationships, theoretical arguments, boundary conditions) reflect this aim. I begin with the influence of the 1980s, including grounded theorizing and case logic. Relying on exemplars, I illustrate the Method’s defining features. I also address common misconceptions (e.g. types of data, number of cases, performance emphasis). These miss the Method’s essence and imply a rigid template that does not exist. Instead, the Method’s relatively few defining features enable a wide variety of research possibilities. I conclude with what I would write today like a richer palette of research choices, more emphasis on time, and flexible philosophy of science. Yet the core message of theory building would remain.
Fat and Carbohydrate Interact to Potentiate Food Reward in Healthy Weight but Not in Overweight or Obesity

Prior work suggests that actual, but not estimated, energy density drives the reinforcing value of food [1,2] and that energy from fat and carbohydrate can interact to potentiate reward [2]. Here we sought to replicate these findings in an American sample and to determine if the effects are influenced by body mass index (BMI). Thirty participants with healthy weight (HW; BMI 21.92 ± 1.77; M ± SD) and 30 participants with overweight/obesity (OW/OB; BMI 29.42 ± 4.44) rated pictures of common American snacks in 120-kcal portions for liking, familiarity, frequency of consumption, expected satiety, healthiness, energy content, energy density, and price. Participants then completed an auction task where they bid for the opportunity to consume each food. Snacks contained either primarily carbohydrate, primarily fat, or roughly equal portions of fat and carbohydrate (combo). Replicating prior work, we found that participants with HW bid the most for combo foods in linear mixed model analyses. This effect was not observed among individuals with OW/OB. Additionally, in contrast with previous reports [1,2], our linear regression analyses revealed a negative relationship between the actual energy density of the snacks and bid amount that was mediated by food price. Our findings support altered macronutrient reinforcement in obesity and highlight potential influences of the food environment on the regulation of food reward.