Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of PMSG and time of artificial insemination on fertility of progestogen-treated sheep in confinement.

The need for pregnant mates' serum gonadotropin (PMSG) in breeding confined sheep by artificial insemination (AI) at progestogen-synchronized estrus was assessed in 152 adult crossbred ewes brought into season by a controlled light regimen. One-half of the ewes received 500 IU PMSG after intravaginal progestogen treatment; all ewes were inseminated either 54, 57 or 60 h after sponge removal or at 54 and again at 60 h. Based on progesterone determinations 18 d after AI, conception rates with single insemination 54, 57, or 60 h and double insemination at 54 and 60 h were 76, 72, 47 and 72%, respectively, among ewes receiving PMSG, compared to 17, 22, 47 and 43%, respectively, among ewes not give PMSG (P less than .01) Lambing rates were higher (P less than .01) with PMSG (67, 67, 37 and 61%) than without PMSG (11, 11, 26 and 33%). While there was only a small increase (.06 less than P less than .05) in litter size with PMSG, fecundity decreased (P less than .01) from 1.4 to . 3 when PMSG was not used. These data indicate that, even with controlled lighting to induce estrous activity, additional stimulation of ovulation by PMSG at progestogen-synchronized estrus is necessary for normal fertility when confined sheep are bred by AI.
Antibiotic resistance of enteric bacteria isolated from duck droppings

Objectives : Ducks are potential carriers of pathogenic bacteria which are capable of transmitting zoonotic diseases to humans as a result of the various interactions with man. Ducks droppings may contaminate the environment with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This work was set to identify organisms isolated from duck droppings that may be pathogenic to man. Methodology and Results : In this study, fecal droppings were obtained from 60 ducks in two rural areas in Badagry. Nigeria. Isolation and identification of enteric bacteria done by using enrichment media, selective media, and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by the disk diffusion method was conducted on the enteric bacteria using ofloxacin, amoxicillin, augmentin, tetracycline, cotrimixazole, nitrofurantoin (furadantin), gentamicin and nalidixic acid. Conclusions and application of findings : Prevalence of Salmonella spp. , Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Citrobacter freundii and Proteus mirabilis were respectively found to be 30%, 8.6%, 13.4%, 9.9% and 38.3%. Organisms were 100% sensitive to ofloxacin; 92.2% resistanT28. to amoxicillin, 88.2% resistant to Augmentin, 98.1% resistant to Tetracycline, 54%resistant to cotrimoxazole, 88.2% resistant to nitrofuratoin while those resistant to gentamicin and nalidixic acid was 17% and 11% respectively. Salmonella sp . had 80% sensitivity to nalidixic acid. The risk posed by the droppings of these birds with organisms like Salmonella spp. , and other zoonotic organisms capable of leading to life threatening diarrhea in man is emphasized.
Clinically Available Endosomolytic Agent for Gene Delivery

The ability of hydroxychloroquine, a chloroquine derivative, to improve the gene transfection efficiency of a carrier system based on non-viral delivery was investigated. Hydroxychloro­ quine gave enhanced gene expression and low cytotoxicity in an in vitro transfection study. In particular, prolonged incubation for 24 hours with 100 μΜ hydroxychloroquine significantly enhanced the expression using a polyion complex (PIC) micelle system with excellent stability in serum-containing medium. Therefore, appropriate endosomo­ lytic agents should be useful for in vivo gene delivery using non-viral delivery systems, with the FDA-approved hydroxy­ chloroquine as one of the most promising candidates for this purpose.
Studies in Coprinus—I. Subsections Auricomi and Glabri of Coprinus section Pseudocoprinus

A key is given to the Netherlands’ species of subsect. Auricomi Sing. and Glabri J. Lange of Coprinus sect. Pseudocoprinus (Kuhn.) Orton & Watling. All species concerned are concisely described and amply discussed. Coprinus plicatilis var. microsporus Kuhn. is raised to species level as C. kuehneri and described in detail
Effects of dietary supplementation of bacteriophage with or without zinc oxide on the performance and gut development of weanling pigs

Abstract The present study investigates the effect of zinc oxide (ZN), bacteriophage (BAC) or their combination on the growth performance and gut development in weaning pigs. A total of 200 weaned pigs were allotted to four treatments including two levels (0 and 0.34%) of ZN and two levels (0 and 0.10%) of BAC cocktail. Supplementation of both BAC and ZN in the diet improved average daily gain and gain to feed ratio in all three phases. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter was consistently increased in BAC. A higher digestibility of dry matter was observed in ZN group at phase-I and II. The ATTD of crude protein was increased in BAC group at phase-I and III. ZN increased ATTD of crude protein during phase III. In all phases, the population of total anaerobic bacteria, Bifidobacterium spp. , Lactobacillus spp. , Clostridium spp. and coliforms were higher in BAC and ZN groups with the exception for coliforms in ZN at the end of experiment. The duodenum (p < 0.05) and jejunum (p < 0.01) villus heights were considerably increased in BAC group but the ileal villus height was not affected by the addition of BAC in the diet. Similar increase (p < 0.05) in the duodenal (p = 0.06) and jejunal (p < 0.01) villus heights were also observed in ZN supplemented groups. The overall faecal score was reduced (p < 0.01) by BAC and tended to decrease (p = 0.07) by ZN. Thus both ZN and BAC are useful for improving the performance and gut health in weaning pigs without any interactive effects.
Bioefficacy of various insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera in Chickpea

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of various groups of insecticides on the pod damage caused by Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) in chickpea. Minimum pod damage (9.24 per cent) was recorded with methoxyfenozide (RH 2485). It is a moult accelerating hormone. Acephate (13.67 per cent) and deltamethrin (15.80 per cent) were also effective against pod borer as compared to control (50.82 per cent). The maximum avoidable loss (83.00 per cent), grain yield (12.76 q/ha) and benefit cost ratio (8.94) were observed in methoxyfenozide. Nimbicidin had negative benefit cost ratio (0.87). Mixture of insecticides provided efficient control against pod borer damage.
Morphological variations in culture growth rate and pattern of different isolates of Colletotrichum capsici causing fruit rot and die back in chilli (Capsicum annuum) on different solid media

Five Colletotrichum capsici isolates belonging to two groups: (i) four from fruit rot and (ii) one of die back were collected from different conventional chilli-growing areas (blocks) of Ghaziabad adjacent district of NCR Delhi. Their morphological cultural growth were studied on different solid media. The maximum growth of isolate Ccfrs on CMA and OMA and rapid growth on all seven solid media, more virulent strain. CcFRBR showed the least growth in all tested media. Both two strains CcFRR and CcFRD resulted in less difference in growth for all the media and the same in morphologically resemblance in culture plates and natural fruits surface in field condition.
The latent roots of certain Markov chains arising in genetics: A new approach, I. Haploid models

Haploid models of genetic drift in populations of constant size are considered. Generalizations of the models of Moran and Wright have been developed by Karlin and McGregor (for multiple alleles and non-overlapping generations), by Chia and Watterson (for two alleles and overlapping or non-overlapping generations) and by Chia (for multiple alleles and overlapping or non-overlapping generations), using conditioned branching processes. A new approach is developed which contains the models mentioned above and provides simpler expressions for the latent roots. A greater dependence between the birth events and death events can be permitted, and non-independent mutations treated.
Defence by plant toxins in milkweed bugs (Heteroptera: Lygaeinae) through the evolution of a sophisticated storage compartment

Species of the heteropteran subfamily Lygaeinae possess special subcuticular compartments to store cardiac glycosides, plant‐derived defensive compounds, which they release upon predator attack. In adults of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, these storage compartments have previously been described as a modified integument, forming a fluid‐filled dorsolateral space. Here we use three‐dimensional imaging of serial histological sections and synchrotron radiation‐based micro‐computed tomography data to reveal the morphology of these storage compartments and the mechanisms used for the release of a cardiac glycoside‐rich fluid upon attack. Our comparative analysis revealed that the morphology and release mechanism vary among the species investigated. By reconstructing these traits on a recent molecular phylogeny of the Lygaeinae, we demonstrate that the adaptations for the storage and release of cardiac glycosides have evolved in a stepwise manner.
Relative importance of parasitism by Chrysococcyx cuckoos versus conspecific nest parasitism in the northern masked weaver Ploceus taeniopterus

In a 3-year study of the Northern Masked Weaver Ploceus taeniopterus in Kenya, I determined that fewer than 1% of the nests of this species had been parasitized by Chrysococcyx cuckoos. This rate of heterospecific parasitism is low when compared with the rate of parasitism by conspecifics, and I conclude that heterospecific nest parasitism has been a relatively unimportant factor in selecting for egg-color variability and egg-recognition ability in Ploceus weavers. I show that I could readily distinguish cuckoo eggs from weaver eggs, and I discuss the circumstances surrounding the six known or suspected cases of cuckoo parasitism that I detected.
VOLUME CORPUSCULAR MÉDIO (VCM) E AMPLITUDE DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DO TAMANHO DOS ERITRÓCITOS (RDW) EM EQUINOS DA RAÇA QUARTO DE MILHA USADOS EM PROVAS DE TRÊS TAMBORES

Twenty-two Quarter Horses, eight females and 14 males, 4.88±2.42 years old and weighting 430.0±31.4 kg, were evaluated before (T0), 5 minutes (T1), 30 minutes (T2), and 120 minutes (T3) after a barrel racing exercise to determine the influence of physical exercise on the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW). Variables were analyzed and comparisons were made using Tukey test, considering p<0.05. Comparisons between males and females were done using t-test. Mean MCV values were 46.5 ± 2.0 fl for T0, 47.6 ± 2.2 fl for T1, 46.6 ± 1.8 fl for T2, and 46.7 ± 1.9 fl for T3 for males, and 46.3 ± 0.6 fl on T0, 47.7 ± 0.9 fl on T1, 46.7 ± 0.8 fl on T2, and 46.4 ± 0.8 fl on T2 for females. Mean RDW values were 28.8 ± 8.1% for T0, 30.8 ± 9.5% for T1, 28.2 ± 8.1% for T2, and 26.6 ± 8.0% for T3 for males, and 28.0 ± 7.3% for T0, 27.1 ± 8.1% for T1, 28.1 ± 8.1% for T2, and 28.6 ± 7.2% for T3 on females. A significant increase for MCV on both males and females was observed. No differences were observed between values recorded on males and females for MCV and RDW. It was possible to conclude the physical activity imposed on the present research leaded to a homogeneous macrocytosis.
The importance of forest and landscape resource for community around gunung Lumut protected forest, East Kalimantan

The forest of Gunung Lumut in Pasir District, East Kalimantan was designated for a protection forest in 1983. It is surrounded by 15 villages and one settlement lies inside it. Communities in those villages are dependent upon the landscape and forest resources mainly for non timber forest products. This study was focused on the perception of the communities on the importance of the landscape and forests. The study was conducted in two settlements, located in and outside (near) the protection forest, namely Rantau Layung Village and Mului Sub-Village. Data collection was undertaken through general field observations, key- informant personal interviews and focus group discussions. In Rantau Layung, the most important land type was rice field, whereas in Mului was forest. There were 13 and 14 use categories of landscape resources in Rantau Layung and Mului, respectively, such as food, medicine, constructions and source of income. People in Rantau Layung and Mului ranked plants to be more important than animals. People also considered products from wild resources to be more important than those from cultivated and purchased sources. Communities living in both settlements considered the future uses of forests to be the most important as compared to those of the present and past. They suggested that sungkai ( Peronema canescens ) and telien ( Eusideroxylon zwageri ) to be the most important plants while payau ( Cervu s unicolor ) and telaus ( Muntiacu s muntjak ) to be the most important animals. People used the wildlife mainly for food and source of income. They also identified important and potential resources for economic development in the area, i.e. ecotourism and hydro- power for electric generator.
DEMOGRAPHY AND RESOURCE USE BY MICROTINE RODENTS NEAR TOOLIK LAKE, ALASKA, U.S.A.

Five species of microtine rodents occurred in tundra near Toolik Lake, Alaska, but only tundra voles (Microtus oeconomus) and singing voles (M. miurus) were widespread and abundant. The relative abundance of these two species in different habitats corresponded to the availability of their preferred food items in each habitat. Tundra voles reached their highest densities (50 ha-1) in low, wet habitats dominated by rhizomatous monocotyledons and primarily ate monocotyledons. Singing voles reached similar densities in more mesic habitats that contained relatively high availability of dicotyledons and horsetails and mostly ate dicotyledons and horsetails. Although resource use differed, the demographies of the two species were remarkably similar. Both species of voles began breeding in the spring before snowmelt was complete and were still breeding when the first heavy snows occurred in autumn. However, tundra voles began breeding a few weeks earlier than singing voles, and singing voles had slightly larger litters than tundra voles (an average of 8.4 vs. 7.1 for adults, respectively). Population fluctuations appeared to be synchronous in the two species, which suggests control of their densities by similar environmental factors. The differences in food preference and habitat use suggest that competitive interactions between these species are weak and unlikely to be a major factor influencing their abundance.
A large-scale GenBank search of Expressed Sequence Tags using rapid identity searching program for DNA sequences

We have developed a program for rapid identity-searching of DNA sequences allowing several percentages of sequencing error rates. The program was applied to a large-scale searching of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) against the GenBank sequences, and from this searching results the error information of ESTs was obtained. The 15,666 sequences of human ESTs were searched in the primate division in GenBank release 80 within 23.3 hours that is only one-thirty of the time needed when FASTA is used. The total error rate 2.45 percent was obtained from the alignments between the ESTs and the primate sequences satisfying the identity-conditions.
Body size, abundance, and geographical distribution of afrotropical dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

L'abondance tant locale que regionale des Coleopteres coprophages d'Afrique tropicale, ainsi que leurs repartitions regionale et continentale, dependent de leur poids frais individuel. Aux echelles locale et regionale, les especes de petite taille sont numeriquement plus abondantes que les especes de grande taille; en revanche, ces dernieres ont une biomasse totale superieure, et controlent une plus grande proportion des ressources disponibles. A l'echelle regionale, les grandes especes se rencontrent dans moins de localites que les petites, mais, a l'echelle continentale, leur repartition geographique est plus vaste
Avaliação das condições higiênico-sanitárias do queijo minas frescal e mussarela produzido na cidade de Morrinhos GO

Microbiological analyses were performed in 60 samples of Minas Frescal cheese and 60 samples of Mozzarella cheese. Samples were collected and produced in a dairy factory in Morrinhos-GO from April to September, for quantitative analysis of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Staphylococcus, mold and yeast. Concerning the presence of total coliforms the highest score to Minas Frescal cheese which was impossible to count; on the other hand, to Mozzarella cheese the highest score was 1.7. 101 UFC/g, to fecal coliforms analyses, Minas Frescal Cheese presented under 1.0. 101 UFC/g in all samples and the Mozzarella type showed 1.7. 101 UFC/g. Analyses of Staphylococcus demonstrated the higher score for Minas Frescal which was 3.5. 103 UFC/g; whereas Mozzarella cheese score was under 1.0. 101 UFC/g; mold and yeast score was 3.4. 102 UFC/g to Minas Frescal and 9.3. 102 UFC/g to Mozzarella. Thus, results showed different scores for both cheeses. Minas Frescal cheese demonstrated higher indexes than Mozzarella when compared total coliforms and Staphylococcus, and Mozzarella presented higher fecal coliforms and moulds and yeasts analyses. According to described above, it is important to verify the hygienic-sanitary care in the foods manipulation.
Sequence Entropy and the Absolute Rate of Amino Acid Substitutions

The evolution of model proteins under selection for thermodynamic stability suggests parallels between evolutionary behavior and chemical reaction kinetics. We developed a statistical mechanics theory of protein evolution by dividing amino acid interactions into site-specific and ‘bath’ components, and show that substitutions between two amino acids occur when their site-specific contributions to stability are nearly identical. Fluctuating epistatic interactions drive stabilities into and out of these regions of near neutrality, with the time spent in the neutral region and thus the rate of substitution governed by physicochemical similarities between the amino acids. We derive a theoretical framework for how site-specific stabilities are determined, and demonstrate that substitution rates and the magnitude of the evolutionary Stokes shift can be predicted from biophysics and the effect of sequence entropy alone. Population genetics underlays our analysis, but population size does not determine the absolute rate of amino acid substitutions.
Estimation of early pregnancy by electrical resistance values of vaginal mucosa in cows and heifers

L'objectif de cette etude etait d'evaluer la mesure de la resistance electrique de la muqueuse vaginale pour estimer de maniere precoce la gestation des genisses et des vaches aux stades 18-21 jours post-insemination. Sept vaches et 7 genisses de race Brown saines ont ete utilisees. Deux administrations intramusculaires de 500 μg de cloprostenol, un analogue de synthese des PGF 2 α , ont ete effectuees a 11 jours d'intervalle. Apres la deuxieme administration de chloprostenol et la manifestation des signes d'oestrus, les animaux ont ete insemines 2 fois avec de la semence congelee. La conductivite electrique de la muqueuse vaginale a ete evaluee au niveau de la paroi ventrale du vagin qui est adjacente a l'extremite caudale du cervix. La conductance vaginale a ete evaluee a 2 reprises a 12 h d'intervalle les jours 0 (jour de l'oestrus), 3, 6, 10, 13, 19, 20 et 21 chez les vaches et au cours des jours 0, 3, 6, 10, 13, 18, 19 et 20 chez les genisses. Afin d'evaluer les concentrations plasmatiques en progesterone, des prelevements sanguins (10 mL) ont ete realises au niveau de la veine jugulaire aux cours des jours 19, 20 et 21 du cycle des vaches et au cours des jours 18, 19 et 20 du cycle des genisses. Le diagnostic de gestation a ete etabli par palpation rectale 60 jours apres l'insemination. La resistance electrique de la muqueuse vaginale des vaches gestantes evaluee entre le 19° et le 21° jour du cycle a ete superieure a celle des non gestantes alors que les valeurs de resistance electrique determinees le jour de l'insemination et au cours des jours 3, 6, 10 et 13 jours post-insemination n'ont pas differe selon le statut physiologique des animaux. De la meme facon, l'impedance vaginale des genisses gestantes determinee entre le 18° et le 20° jour du cycle a ete significativement superieure a celle des genisses non gestantes. Les valeurs de resistance vaginale obtenues des jours 19-21 du cycle des vaches et des jours 18-20 du cycle des genisses ont ete significativement correlees aux concentrations plasmatiques en progesterone a la fois chez les animaux gestants et non gestants. En conclusion, les valeurs de resistance electrique de la muqueuse vaginale peuvent contribuer a l'etablissement du diagnostic precoce de gestation chez les bovins.
İlköğretim Sınıf Öğretmenlerinde Mesleki Yabancılaşma

This research, conducted with the aim of determining elementary school teachers’ level of alienation from work and the factors affecting it, has been carried out with the descriptive scanning model. A total of 340 elementary school teachers were selected by the spontaneous sample method to participate in this study. As a result of the research, it has been concluded that elementary teachers’ levels of the alienation from work are generally average, and they have the highest alienation level for normlessness, whereas the least alienation level is on the dimension of social distance. According to the findings obtained from this research, factors affecting the alienation of elementary school teachers generally stem from socio-demographic features, as well as other features related to their schools. With respect to the results of this study, it has been seen that the marital status of teachers creates a significant difference on the sub-dimensions of normlessness and social-distance regarding alienation. Furthermore, the undergraduate program from which they graduated, and the educational facilities of schools create a significant occupational difference. Finally, it has been observed that the school environment in which they work differentiates at both the general alienation level and in all subdimensions of alienation regarding the levels of elementary school teachers’ alienation from work.
Iron and manganese concentrations in seawater, sediment and marine algae of Tuticorin coast, southeast coast of India

Seasonal variation in Fe and Mn concentrations were determined in seawater, sediment and algae (Padina gymnospora and Acanthophora spicifera) in the vicinity of Tuticorin port. Fe and Mn were appreciably higher than other parts of the Indian coast. High content of Fe and Mn were observed in seawater during northeast monsoon (November and December) and postmonsoon (January and March) seasons and in sediment Fe and Mn concentrations were high during monsoon (July to October) and postmonsoon (January, Feberuary) seasons due to increasing inputs of land runoffs. Algae also concentrated more metals during monsoon and postmonsoon seasons. Significantly higher Fe concentration in algae than other parts of the Indian coast reflects the intensity of Fe pollution in Tuticorin coast.