Estratigrafia isotopica e evolucao sedimentar do Grupo Bambui na borda ocidental do Craton do Sao Francisco: implicacao tectonica e paleo-ambiental

The Bambuí Group includes a succession of pelitic-carbonate rocks deposited on the paleocontinente San Francisco during the Neoproterozoic, which extends over an area about 1000 km long in north-south direction for approximately 400 km wide in the east-west direction of the central-eastern Brazil. In the area between the northeast and southeast of Goiás Tocantins, the Bambuí Group arise in a narrow and elongated trend of north-south direction, whose tectono-sedimentary evolution shows distinct characteristics to the east and west margins of the basin. In the Western Margin, the Sete Lagoas Formation (SLF) lies in conformity on the glacial sediments associated with Jequitaí Formation, when that stratigraphy unit occur. The FSL is represented at its base by pelitic-marly facies deposited during transgression, with decreasing values of δC, followed by a regressive succession dominated by limestone and dolomitic facies, in the top of the SLF, with values δC between -1.00 and +1.00 ‰. Locally, appear bellow the pelitic-marly succession lenticular bodies of the laminated peloidal dololutite, commonly pink, interpreted as cap carbonates because their stratigraphy conformity with the glacial unit, stratigraphically older, and the recurrence the negative values of δC (-3.0 to -5.0 ‰) presented in their samples. The integrated analysis of the carbon isotope data and stratigraphic succession of the West Bank indicates a correlation between the maximum negative excursion point of the δC curve with the maximum flooding surface (MFS). The MFS is represented by black shales and calcilutites on the top of the transgressive tract. At the top of the SLF, the stratiform nature of the carbonates and the differences in isotopic ratios of δO between the limestones and dolomites indicate that the primary isotopic composition has been obliterated by diagenesis and dolomitization, which affected the top of the Sete Lagoas Formation, probably during the period of maximum regression. In the Eastern Margin, the FSL has a thickness of eighty meters, less than thickness of about two hundred and fifty meters described in the West Margin. In addition, the stratigraphy of the Bambuí Group on the eastern side is incomplete because it lacks the glacial deposits and the pelitic-marly transgressive succession found at the base of the SLF on the opposite margin. The dominant lithofacies in the Eastern Margin are microbial dolomites (domal and columnar stromatolite and microbial mats) and doloarenitos that lie directly above erosive surface on the granite-gneiss basement. Also occur, in a restricted manner, intraformational dolomitic breccia and lenticular arkosic-sandstone bodies. U / Pb analysis from detrital zircons extracted this arkosic-sandstone indicates a sedimentary provenance from ancient terrains of the archean and paleoproterozoic age, probable related to São Francisco Craton. In the dolomites, the carbon isotope values are always increasing and its range is -5.00 to 0.00 ‰. The lack the decreasing segment of the δC values in the samples of the Eastern Margin indicates the existence of a basement topographic high exposed during the time of Jequitaí and lower Sete Lagoas deposition. The drowning occurred after continuous and quickly marine transgression, resulting from high rates of eustatic rise promoted by deglaciation, on the continental areas emerged in the Eastern Margin. In the Eastern Margin of the SLF, dolomites are overlain by a pelitic dominant sequence, associated with the Serra de Santa Helena Formation (SSHF), characterized by a strong positive incursion (~ +10.0 ‰) of the δC values. The sudden arrival of these pelites and the absence of a regional unconformity, which would indicate the base level fall and hence a sequence boundary between the dolomites and pelites, indicates that there was a sudden increase in subsidence rate and consequently quickly base level rise. In SSHF, provenance analysis of the fine terrigenous shows main contribution from neoproterozoic terrains, related to Brasilia Belt. This change in the provenance of terrigenous sediments, coupled with changes in the subsidence rates indicate a tectonic reactivation in Brasilia Belt, during the transition from Sete Lagoas Formation to Serra Santa Helena Formation. Therefore, aspects such as: (i) the asymmetry in the sedimentary basin fill, reflecting the balance between the rates of subsidence and sedimentation rates, (ii) the differences between the rates of influx of terrigenous and carbonate productivity in the basin and (iii) differences in the provenance of terrigenous, indicate a remarkable tectonic control of rhythms associated with the Brasiliano Orogeny, about the evolution of sedimentary Bambuí Group on the Western Margin, tectonically influenced setting, and, on the other hand, little influence on the Eastern Margin, stable setting. Based on U / Pb data from detrital zircon extracted in differente stratigraphic levels of Sete Lagoas and Serra de Santa Helena Formation, the maximum age to Bambuí Group sedimentation is estimated at 610 Ma. Additionally, isotopic ratios of Sr/Sr (0.7074 to 0.7078), and stratigraphic correlations with other glacially influenced units, as the Group Ibiá, also suggest an Ediacaran age for Bambuí Group. In addition, indicate that the glacial deposits found at the base of the Bambuí Group in the northwestern portion of São Francisco Craton may be associated with Marinoan Glaciation and thus indicate the existence of a second and younger neoproterozoic glacial event in the São Francisco Basin.