Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) chest in post-COVID-19 pneumonia

1. Upham JW, Chung LP. Optimising treatment for severe asthma. Med J Aust 2018;209:S22‐7. 2. Al‐Hajjaj MS. Difficult‐to‐treat asthma, is it really difficult? Ann Thorac Med 2011;6:1‐2. 3. Satkunam N, Siddiqi ZA, Vethanayagam D. Severe asthma associated with myasthenia gravis. Can Respir J 2014;21:e1‐3. 4. Souza‐Machado A, Ponte E, Cruz AA. Severe asthma associated with myasthenia gravis and upper airway obstruction. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2007;17:267‐70. 5. Weiner P, Ganem R, Weiner M. Unusual treatment for myasthenia gravis associated with asthma. Harefuah 1993;124:474‐7, 527. 6. Montalbano MM, Bowman M, Stickler D. Myasthenia gravis presenting as restrictive lung disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;117:S281. 7. Aktas A, Rojas E, Parikh HA, Pergament K. Myasthenia gravis crisis coinciding with asthma exacerbation in a patient with recent heroin use: three causes of acute hypercarbic respiratory failure. BMJ Case Rep 2018;2018:bcr2018224176. 8. Echaniz‐Laguna A, Pistea C, Philippi N, Enache I, Oswald‐Mammosser M, De Sèze J, et al. Asthma as a cause of persistent dyspnea in treated myasthenia gravis patients. Eur Neurol 2012;68:300‐3.
Predictors of severe and critical disease in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2

Abstract Background/Objective SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread widely in the US and worldwide. Pregnant women are more likely to develop severe or critical illness than their non-pregnant counterparts. Known risk factors for severe and critical disease outside of pregnancy, such as asthma, diabetes, and obesity have not been well-studied in pregnancy. We aimed to determine which clinical and pregnancy-related factors were associated with severe and critical COVID illness in pregnancy. Study design This was a retrospective cohort study of women with confirmed intrauterine pregnancy and positive nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 who presented to an academic medical center in New York City from 1 March 2020 to 1 July 2020. Severe and critical COVID-19 disease was defined by World Health Organization criteria. Women with severe/critical disease were compared to women with asymptomatic/mild disease. Continuous variables were compared with Mann–Whitney or t-test and categorical variables were compared using chi-square and Fisher’s exact. Statistical significance was set at p < . 05. Multivariable logistic regression was performed including variables that were significantly different between groups. Results Two hundred and thirty-three patients were included, 186 (79.8%) with asymptomatic/mild disease and 47 (20.2%) with severe/critical disease. Women with asymptomatic/mild disease were compared to those with severe/critical disease. Women with severe/critical disease were more likely to have a history of current or former smoking (19.6 vs. 5.4%, p = .004), COVID-19 diagnosis in the 2nd trimester (42.6 vs. 11.8%, p = .001), and asthma or other respiratory condition (21.3 vs. 7.0%, p = .01). Women with severe/critical disease were more likely to have cesarean delivery (35.5 vs. 15.6%, p < .01) and preterm delivery <37 weeks (25.8 vs. 3.8%, p < .01). After adjustment, history of smoking remained significantly predictive of severe/critical disease [aOR 3.84 (95% CI, 1.25–11.82)]. Conclusion Pregnant women with a history of smoking, asthma, or other respiratory condition, and COVID-19 diagnosis in the second trimester of pregnancy were more likely to develop severe/critical disease. These findings may be useful in counseling women on their individual risk of developing the severe or critical disease in pregnancy and may help determine which women are good candidates for vaccination during pregnancy.
Massed cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in women survivors of intimate partner violence.

OBJECTIVE Survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) report significant trauma histories, high rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), head injuries and comorbid disorders, and multiple barriers to treatment that often preclude the regular attendance and engagement required in typical therapy protocols. The significant challenges faced by IPV survivors needing treatment may be ameliorated by condensing effective treatments for PTSD, such as cognitive processing therapy (CPT), in an accelerated delivery timeline. METHOD Using a multiple subject, single case design of six matched pairs of 12 female IPV survivors, we preliminarily tested the relative effectiveness of individual massed CPT delivered over 5 days (mCPT) as compared with standard CPT (sCPT) delivery in women IPV survivors. Assessments included full psychiatric diagnostic interviews, clinical interviews assessing trauma history and head injury prior to treatment, symptom monitoring during treatment, and full repeat assessments at 1 month and 3 months following treatment. RESULTS No treatment group effect was found for PTSD severity between mCPT and sCPT among intention-to-treat, F(1, 10) = . 01, p = . 93. Both mCPT and sCPT were associated with significant improvement in PTSD, F(2, 20) = 45.05, p < . 001, ds = 1.32-2.38). CONCLUSION Overall, findings indicate mCPT appears effective in reducing psychological symptoms for women IPV survivors and suggest that condensed treatment is both palatable and feasible. Accelerated treatment delivery in this population may provide a necessary lifeline for women with IPV-related PTSD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Serum pancreatic enzymes and imaging in paediatric acute pancreatitis: Does lipase diagnostic superiority justify eliminating amylase testing?

Background: In acute pancreatitis (AP), serum amylase, lipase and imaging help establish a diagnosis with recognised lipase superiority. Recent literature has debated serum amylase testing and proposed its elimination, but little is known about the diagnostic role of simultaneously measured serum amylase levels in patients with non-diagnostic lipase. This study examined the contribution of pancreatic enzymes and imaging and the role of simultaneously measured serum amylase in children with non-diagnostic serum lipase. Methods: Retrospective medical records review of children aged <18 years with a verified discharge diagnosis of first-attack AP between January 01, 1994, and December 31, 2016. Results: First-attack AP was confirmed in 127 children (median age, 12.5 years). The sensitivity was 90.4%, 54.3%, 42.2% and 36.4% for lipase, amylase, contrast-enhanced computed tomography and ultrasonography (US), respectively. Combination US and lipase identified 96.6% of AP cases. Simultaneous amylase and lipase measurements in 125 children showed that either was ≥3× the upper limit of normal (ULN) in 95.2%, while both were <3× the ULN in 4.8% of cases. Nondiagnostic lipase was seen in 12 (9.6%) children, and diagnosis was based on amylase level ≥3× the ULN in six children and imaging in the other six. Conclusions: Serum amylase, serum lipase and imaging should continue for the conclusive diagnosis of AP in children. Simultaneous serum amylase measurement helped diagnose AP with non-diagnostic lipase.
Use of an in‐house trypsin‐based method to resolve the interference of daratumumab

Daratumumab (DARA) is a monoclonal antibody for treatment of plasma cell myeloma targeting CD38, a surface molecule expressed on plasma cells and red blood cells (RBCs). This complicates blood bank testing, requiring dithiothreitol (DTT) to remove DARA interference. A simple in‐house method of removing DARA interference without use of DTT, a potentially hazardous chemical, is desirable. We demonstrate a trypsin‐based method to remove interference in antibody testing at a medical center (MC), with parallel testing at an immunohematology reference laboratory (IRL).
Topological change induces an interference effect in visual working memory

The “irrelevant-change distracting effect” refers to the effect of changes in irrelevant features on the performance of the target feature, which has frequently been used to study information processing in visual working memory (VWM). In the current study, we reported a novel interference effect in VWM: the topological-change interference effect (TCIE). In a series of six experiments, we examined the influence of topological and nontopological changes as irrelevant features on VWM using a color change detection paradigm. The results revealed that only topological changes, although task irrelevant, could produce a significant interference effect. In contrast, nontopological changes did not produce any evident interference effect. Moreover, the TCIE was a stable and lasting effect, regardless of changes in locations, reporting methods, particular stimulus figures, the other salient feature dimensions and delay interval times. Therefore, our results support the notion that topological invariance that defines perceptual objects plays an essential role in maintaining representations in VWM.
Validity of measures for life space mobility and physical activity in older adults with lower-limb amputation

Background: Older adults with lower-limb amputations (LLAs) often experience lack of confidence and poor balance, which limits their mobility. There are few validated measures for assessing these outcomes in the LLA population. Objectives: To assess the validity of the Life Space Assessment (LSA) and the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) for older adults with LLA. Study design: Secondary analyses of cross-sectional data. Methods: Sixty-eight older adults with LLA across Canada were recruited to complete the LSA and the PASE. Validity was assessed via correlations with the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC), Four-Square Step Test (FSST), and Two-Minute Walk Test (2-MWT). Results: As hypothesized, the LSA was positively correlated with the ABC (ρ = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.17, 0.62]) and 2-MWT (r = 0.49, 95% CI [0.27, 0.70]) and negatively correlated with FSST (ρ = −0.39, 95% CI [−0.56, −0.10]). The PASE was positively correlated with the ABC (ρ = 0.34, 95% CI [0.10, 0.56]) and 2-MWT (ρ = 0.32, 95% CI [0.05, 0.52]), and negatively correlated with FSST (ρ = −0.36, 95% CI [−0.53, −0.07]). Conclusions: The LSA has validity in measuring life space mobility. The PASE captures the physical activity with weaker support of validity in older adults with LLA. Clinical relevance: The LSA and PASE are quick low-cost tools for clinicians to assess mobility-related functional health and physical activity, respectively, in older adults with LLA. However, the PASE may contain activities that are not common among older adults with LLA.
Characteristics of COPD Patients Prescribed ICS Managed in General Practice vs. Secondary Care

Abstract Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for COPD have been much debated. Our aim was to investigate characteristics of ICS prescribed COPD patients managed only in general practice compared to those also managed in secondary care. Participating general practitioners recruited patients with COPD (ICPC 2nd ed. code R95) currently prescribed ICS (ACT code R03AK and R03BA). Data on demographics, comorbidities, smoking habits, spirometry, dyspnea score and exacerbation history were retrieved from medical records. Logistic regression analysis was applied to detect predictors associated with management in secondary care. 2,279 COPD patients (45% males and mean age 71 years) were recruited in primary care. Compared to patients managed in primary care only (n = 1,179), patients also managed in secondary care (n = 560) were younger (p = 0.013), had lower BMI, more life-time tobacco exposure (p = 0.03), more exacerbations (p < 0.001) and hospitalizations (p < 0.001) and lower FEV1/FVC-ratio (0.59 versus 0.52, respectively). Compared to patients managed in only primary care, logistic regression analysis revealed that management also in secondary care was associated to MRC-score ≥3 (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.50–4.86; p = 0.001), FEV1%pred (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.95 to 0.99; p = 0.036), and systemic corticosteroids for COPD exacerbation (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.10–1.89; p = 0.008). In COPD patients prescribed ICS recruited in primary care, patients also managed in secondary care had more respiratory symptoms, lower lung function and exacerbations treated with systemic corticosteroids indicating that the most severe COPD patients, in general, are referred for specialist care.
Effect of aromatase inhibitors on sex differentiation and embryonic development in chicks

Abstract Background Sexual differentiation can occur after exposure to aromatase into the left gonad at 6.5 days of incubation. Aromatase inhibitors work by inhibiting the action of the aromatase, which converts androgens into estrogens by a process called aromatization. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of in ovo exposure to the aromatase inhibitor from tomato and garlic extract on sexual differentiation and embryonic development in chicken embryos. Methods Three hundred eggs divided into five groups: Control 1 (CO; no injection); control 2 distilled water, DW; 0.1 ml/egg); garlic extract (GAR; 0.1 mg/egg); tomato extract (TOM; 0.1 mg/egg); and garlic and tomato extract mixed (ATM, 0.1 ml/egg). The solution was prepared and injected into the albumin from the thin end of the eggs on day five by using a 1 ml syringe with a 23‐gauge needle. The embryonic test (embryo/egg weight) conducted at 7, 14 and 17 days of incubation. After hatching, feather sexing conducted to determine the initial male. Chicks sex was later confirmed on day 42 by an optical microscope lens. Results The results revealed that there was a significant increase (p < 0.01) in embryonic growth traits in all experimental treatments as compared to control treatments. There was a significant increase (p < 0.01) in the percentage of hatchability for all experimental treatments compared to control treatments and a significant increase (p < 0.01) in chick quality including one‐day‐old chick length and body weight. All experimental treatments showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in the male‐to‐female ratio compared to control treatments. Conclusions The effect of in ovo exposure to aromatase inhibitors stimulated female‐to‐male sex reversal and improved embryonic development.
Gender matters in physiotherapy

ABSTRACT The World Health Organization states that gender has implications for health across the course of a person’s life in terms of norms, roles and relations. It also has implications in rehabilitation. In this article, we argue the need of gender perspectives in the field of physiotherapy; gender matters and makes a difference in health and rehabilitation. We highlight a number of central areas where gender may be significant and give concrete examples of social gender aspects in physiotherapy practice and in diverse patient groups. We also discuss why it can be important to consider gender from an organizational perspective and how sociocultural norms and ideals relating to body, exercise and health are gendered. Further we present useful gender theories and conceptual frameworks. Finally, we outline future directions in terms of gender-sensitive intervention, physiotherapy education and a gendered application of the ICF model. We want to challenge physiotherapists and physiotherapy students to broaden knowledge and awareness of how gender may impact on physiotherapy, and how gender theory can serve as an analytical lens for a useful perspective on the development of clinical practice, education and research within physiotherapy.
Utilization of a Colorectal Cancer Screening Test Among Individuals With Average Risk

Key Points Question What were the overall and test-specific colorectal cancer screening participation rates in the period before and after the introduction of the multitarget stool DNA assay? Findings In this cohort study of 97 776 individuals with average risk of colorectal cancer with commercial or Medicare supplemental insurance in the United States, adherence to colorectal cancer screening increased between 2011 and 2019. There was an increase in the adoption of the multitarget stool DNA assay and a decrease in fecal occult blood testing. Meaning These findings suggest that overall colorectal cancer screening rates are increasing over time and there are varied patterns of use for specific tests.
Prevalence of Kidney impairment and its associated factors among HIV-infected antiretroviral treatment-naïve adult patients in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

© BUMJ. 2020 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated Prevalence of Kidney impairment and its associated factors among HIV-infected antiretroviral treatment-naïve adult patients in Bayelsa State, Nigeria Egbi OG
Towards Automatic Prediction of Non-Expert Perceived Speech Fluency Ratings

Automatic speech fluency prediction has been mainly approached from the perspective of computer aided language learning, where the system tends to predict ratings similar to those of the human experts. Speech fluency prediction, however, can be questioned in a more relaxed social setting, where the ratings arise usually from non-experts; indeed, everyday assessments of fluency are appraised by our social environment and encounters; these encounters due to globalisation are becoming of international nature and therefore being a non-expert has become a norm. This paper explores the latter direction, i.e., prediction of non-expert perceived speech fluency ratings, which has not been studied in the speech technology literature, to the best of our knowledge. Toward that, we investigate several approaches, namely, (a) low-level descriptor feature functionals, (b) bag-of-audio word based approach and (c) neural network based end-to-end acoustic modelling approach. Our investigations on speech data collected from 54 speakers and rated by seven non-experts demonstrate that non-expert speech fluency ratings can be systematically predicted, with the best performing system yielding a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.66 and a Spearman’s correlation coefficient of 0.67 with the median human scores.
Suppression of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Aggravates the Negative Interactive Effects of Warming and Nitrogen Addition on Soil Bacterial and Fungal Diversity and Community Composition

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can influence the composition and diversity of plant communities. Previous studies have shown that climate warming and N deposition reduce the effectiveness of AMF. ABSTRACT We examined the impacts of warming, nitrogen (N) addition, and suppression of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on soil bacterial and fungal richness and community composition in a field experiment. AMF root colonization and the concentration of an AMF-specific phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) were significantly reduced after the application of the fungicide benomyl as a soil drench. Warming and N addition had no independent effects but interactively decreased soil fungal richness, while warming, N addition, and AMF suppression together reduced soil bacterial richness. Soil bacterial and fungal species diversity was lower with AMF suppression, indicating that AMF suppression has a negative effect on microbial diversity. Warming and N addition decreased the net loss of plant species and the plant species richness, respectively. AMF suppression reduced plant species richness and the net gain of plant species but enhanced the net loss of plant species. Structural equation modeling (SEM) demonstrated that the soil bacterial community responded to the increased soil temperature (ST) induced by warming and the increased soil available N (AN) induced by N addition through changes in AMF colonization and plant species richness; ST directly affected the bacterial community, but AN affected both the soil bacterial and fungal communities via AMF colonization. In addition, higher mycorrhizal colonization increased the plant species richness by increasing the net gains in plant species under warming and N addition. IMPORTANCE AMF can influence the composition and diversity of plant communities. Previous studies have shown that climate warming and N deposition reduce the effectiveness of AMF. However, how AMF affect soil bacterial and fungal communities under these global change drivers is still poorly understood. A 4-year field study revealed that AMF suppression decreased bacterial and fungal diversity irrespective of warming or N addition, while AMF suppression interacted with warming or N addition to reduce bacterial and fungal richness. In addition, bacterial and fungal community compositions were determined by mycorrhizal colonization, which was regulated by soil AN and ST. These results suggest that AMF suppression can aggravate the severe losses to native soil microbial diversity and functioning caused by global changes; thus, AMF play a vital role in maintaining belowground ecosystem stability in the future.
Effects of different extraction methods on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in soybean cultivars

Soybean secondary metabolites particularly phenolic compounds act as chemical defence against biotic stress such as pathogen infection. Functional properties of these compounds have also been investigated. This study aimed to determine the effects of particle size and extraction methods on total flavonoid, phenolic contents as well as antioxidant activity in soybean seeds. This study also investigated the total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of Indonesian soybean cultivars using the optimized extraction method. Soybean flour of ≤ 177 μm as many as 0.5 g was selected for extraction with 50% acetone for estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and with 80% ethanol for antioxidant activity. Treatments of twice extraction either shaking followed by maceration or ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by maceration could be used to extract the secondary metabolite contents in soybean seeds. Flavonoid, phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of twenty soybean cultivars ranged from 0.23 to 0.44 mg CE/g, from 3.70 to 5.22 mg GAE/g, and from 4.97 to 9.04 µmol TE/g, respectively. A simple extraction with small amount of soybean flour such as investigated in this present study is effective to extract secondary metabolites especially when the availability of samples is limited such as breeding materials or soybean germplasm.