Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The perceptions of social workers of loneliness among elderly people in residential care facilities during COVID-19.

The study explored the perceptions of social workers on loneliness among elderly people in residential care facilities in Gävle and Stockholm, Sweden, during the COVID-19 Pandemic. An exploratory qualitative study method was used. Four social workers working with elderly people in residential care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic participated in the study. Data were gathered for the study using an interview guide, and thematic analysis was used to analyze them. The study’s results were captured in two main themes which reflect the study’s research questions: social workers' perception of loneliness, and elderly people’s experiences of loneliness. According to social workers, the study concluded that loneliness is a multifaceted, subjective feeling that can trigger many coping methods and severely impact older people's health. In order to combat loneliness among older persons as a public health issue, social workers believe that a stronger involvement of the entire society is required.
Evidence of Magnetic Nulls in Electron Diffusion Region

Theoretically, magnetic reconnection—the process responsible for solar flares and magnetospheric substorms—occurs at the X‐line or radial null in the electron diffusion region (EDR). However, whether this theory is correct is unknown, because the radial null (X‐line) has never been observed inside the EDR due to the lack of efficient techniques and the scarcity of EDR measurements. Here we report such evidence, using data from the recent MMS mission and the newly developed First‐Order Taylor Expansion (FOTE) Expansion technique. We investigate 12 EDR candidates at the Earth's magnetopause and find radial nulls (X‐lines) in all of them. In some events, spacecraft are only 3 km (one electron inertial length) away from the null. We reconstruct the magnetic topology of these nulls and find it agrees well with theoretical models. These nulls, as reconstructed for the first time inside the EDR by the FOTE technique, indicate that the EDR is active and the reconnection process is ongoing.
Implementation of HONO into the chemistry-climate model CHASER (V4.0): roles in tropospheric chemistry

Abstract. Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important atmospheric gas given its contribution to the cycles of NOx and HOx, but its role in global atmospheric photochemistry is not fully understood. This study, for the first time, implemented three pathways of HONO formation in the chemistry-climate model CHASER (MIROC-ESM) to explore three physical phenomena: gas-phase kinetic reactions (GRs), direct emission (EM), and heterogeneous reactions on cloud/aerosol particles (HRs). We evaluated the simulations by the atmospheric measurements from the OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument), EANET (Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in eastern Asia) / EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) ground-based stationary observations, observations from the ship R/V Mirai, and aircraft-based measurements by ATom1 (atmospheric tomography) and EMeRGe-Asia-2018 (Effect of Megacities on the Transport and Transformation of Pollutants on the Regional to Global scales). We showed that the inclusion of the HONO chemistry in the modeling process reduces the model bias against the measurements for PM2.5, NO3−/HNO3, NO2, OH, O3, and CO, especially in the lower troposphere and the North Pacific (NP) region. We found that the retrieved global abundance of tropospheric HONO was 1.4 TgN. Of the three source pathways, HRs and EM contributed 63 % and 26 % to the net HONO production, respectively. We also observed that, reactions on the aerosol surfaces contributed larger amounts of HONO (51 %) than those on the cloud surfaces (12 %). The model exhibited significant negative biases for daytime HONO in the Asian off-coast region, compared with the airborne measurements by EMeRGe-Asia-2018, indicating the existence of unknown daytime HONO sources. Strengthening of aerosol uptake of NO2 near-surface and in the middle troposphere, cloud uptake, and direct HONO emission are all potential yet-unknown HONO sources. We also found that the simulated HONO abundance and its impact on NOx-O3 chemistry are sensitive to the yield of the heterogeneous conversion of NO2 to HONO (vs. HNO3). Inclusion of HONO reduces global tropospheric NOx (NO + NO2) levels by 20.4 %, thereby weakening the tropospheric oxidizing capacity, which in turn, increases CH4 lifetime (13 %) and CO abundance (8 %). HRs on the surfaces of cloud particles, which have been neglected in previous modeling studies, are the main drivers of these impacts. This effect is particularly salient for the substantial reductions of levels of OH (40–67 %) and O3 (30–45 %) in the NP region during summer given the significant reduction of NOx level (50–95 %). In contrast, HRs on aerosol surfaces in China (Beijing) enhance OH and O3 winter mean levels by 600–1700 % and 10–33 %, respectively, with regards to their minima in winter. Overall, our findings suggest that a global model that does not consider HONO heterogeneous mechanisms (especially HRs on cloud particle surfaces) may erroneously predict the effect of HONO in remote areas and polluted regions.
The oxidative weathering of organic matter and its carbon dioxide emissions : insight from the trace elements rhenium and molybdenum

Throughout geological history, the exposure of sedimentary rocks to chemical weathering at Earth’s surface has profoundly affected the geochemistry of the atmosphere, rivers and oceans. Oxidative weathering reactions can release redox-sensitive trace elements, and the concentration and isotope composition of these elements in geological materials may provide an insight into the environmental conditions and processes occurring both today and over Earth’s history. To constrain how Earth’s geological carbon cycle operates, and the influence it has on global climate change, a better understanding of the controls on oxidative weathering is required. The oxidation of organic carbon in sedimentary rocks (petrogenic organic carbon, OCpetro) releases carbon dioxide (CO2) from long-term storage in the lithosphere, and consumes atmospheric O2. Alongside volcanism, the oxidative weathering of OCpetro is the main source of CO2 to the atmosphere over millions of years. However, OCpetro oxidation is poorly understood, both in terms of the rate at which it releases CO2 and the factors that interact to drive the reaction. Trace metals associated with organic matter in rocks, such as rhenium (Re) and molybdenum (Mo), can be released to the dissolved load of rivers during oxidative weathering. Quantifying these element fluxes has the potential, therefore, to provide insight into the oxidative weathering processes involved. Here, rates of OCpetro oxidation rates are quantified in rapidly eroding mountain river catchments in the western Southern Alps, New Zealand, and the Mackenzie River Basin, north west Canada. Physical erosion is found to be a first order control on the oxidative weathering fluxes, but catchments dominated by valley glaciers and exposed to frost-shattering processes experience a further two to three times elevation in CO2 emissions relative to catchments with less glacial cover. The oxidative weathering processes are also found to fractionate metal isotopes (e.g. Mo) in the Critical Zone, which places an important control on the Mo isotope composition of both continental runoff and the World’s oceans.
Methods for the Characterization of Deep-Sea Benthic Megafauna in the Vicinity of the Deepwater Horizon Macondo Well

x CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER 2. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IMAGERY FROM AUVS AND ROVS FOR EVALUATING MEGABENTHOS IN SOFT-SEDIMENT ENVIRONMENTS . 15 CHAPTER 3. A RADIAL ROV SURVEY METHODOLOGY FOR USE IN EVALUATING DEEP-SEA BENTHIC MEGAFAUNA IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO . 45 CHAPTER 4. A DATABASE APPROACH FOR MANAGING AND EVALUATING DEEP-SEA BENTHIC MEGAFAUNAL COMMUNITIES USING DATA EXTRACTED FROM MARINE IMAGERY . 77 CHAPTER 5. AN EVALUATION OF DEEP-SEA BENTHIC MEGAFAUNAL COMMUNITIES IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO ONE YEAR AFTER DEEPWATER HORIZON . 96 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS . 126 LIST OF REFERENCES . 131 APPENDIX A. MC118 DENSITY CORRECTION FACTOR FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS . 142 APPENDIX B. CUSTOMIZED MICROSOFT ACCESS DATABASE SYSTEM – INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO PERFORM BASIC FUNCTIONS . 147 VITA . 156
Anchoring and Adjusting in Questionnaire Responses

When ordering items on attitude/opinion questionnaires, do survey designers bias respondents’ answers by the mere act of choosing to organize their survey in a particular way? We hypothesize that, under specific frequently-occurring conditions, respondents employ an anchoring and adjusting strategy in which their response to an initial survey item provides a cognitive anchor from which they (insufficiently) adjust in answering the subsequent item. Three experiments indicate that respondents anchor and insufficiently adjust in certain situations, anchoring and adjusting leads to higher inter-item correlations between adjacent items, and these inflated correlations can (spuriously) increase the reliability estimate of the scale that they comprise and affect the resultant correlations with other measures. These effects are not consistently accounted for by a “superior memory search” explanation. In organizing their surveys, researchers may wish to combat this bias by intermixing items designed for different, but related constructs.
Growth and seed yield of faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) as inﬂuenced by zinc and boron micronutrients

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during November 2019 to March 2020, to study the effect of Zn and boron on growth and yield of faba bean ( Vicia faba L.). The experiment consisted with three levels of zinc (Zn) viz . 0, 1.0 and 2.0 kg Zn ha − 1 and four levels of boron viz . 0, 1.0 kg B ha − 1 , 0.5 kg B ha − 1 (basal application) + 0.5 kg B ha − 1 (foliar application at pre-ﬂowering stage) and 0.5 kg B ha − 1 (foliar application at 30 days after sowing (DAS)) + 0.5 kg B ha − 1 (foliar application at pre-ﬂowering stage). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. In case of Zn, the highest plant height (67.9 cm), pods plant − 1 (33.3), seed yield (2.24 t ha − 1 ) and stover yield (2.55 t ha − 1 ) of faba bean was observed when fertilized with 1 kg Zn ha − 1 , whereas the corresponding lowest values were recorded from control treatment. In case of B, the highest number of branches plant − 1 (6.51), pods plant − 1 (39.1), seed yield (2.14 t ha − 1 ) and stover yield (2.42 t ha − 1 ) were obtained from application of 0.5 kg B ha − 1 (basal application) + 0.5 kg B ha − 1 (foliar application at pre-ﬂowering stage). In interaction, the highest number of branches plant − 1 (7.22), pods plant − 1 (41.93), seed yield (2.46 t ha − 1 ) and stover yield (3.05 t ha − 1 ) were recorded from application of 1.0 kg Zn ha − 1 with 0.5 kg B ha − 1 (basal application) + 0.5 kg B ha − 1 (foliar application at pre-ﬂowering stage) whereas the lowest seed and stover yields were recorded from control treatment. Based on the present study, it can be concluded that application of 1.0 kg Zn ha − 1 coupled with 0.5 kg B ha − 1 (basal application) + 0.5 kg B ha − 1 (foliar application at pre-ﬂowering stage) appears as the promising combination in respect of seed yield of faba bean
Detection and emission estimates of NOx sources over China North Plain using OMI observations

ABSTRACT We designed a fast procedure to detect the nitrogen oxides (NOx) sources in the China North Plain and to estimate their NOx emissions through a two-dimensional Gaussian fitting method applied to averaged Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) observations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) column concentration. The Northern China Plain is a region that has one of the highest densities of anthropogenic NOx sources in the world and therefore the sources are difficult to distinguish. With our procedure we still found 94 individual NOx emission sources. Of these sources Tangshan city has the strongest NOx emission rate (92 Gg N year–1), while the weakest that we are still able to detect is Zhangjiakou city, with a NOx emission rate of 0.4 Gg N year–1. Using the fitting results, we reconstruct the NO2 column concentration distribution map, which matches the OMI observations with an R2 = 0.85 and a slope of 0.78. The derived NOx emission rates for cities and provinces level show good agreement with former studies.
Becker Digital Commons@Becker

Cilia assembly is under strict transcriptional control during animal development. In vertebrates, a hierarchy of transcription factors (TFs) are involved in controlling the speciﬁcation, differentiation and function of multiciliated epithelia. RFX TFs play key functions in the control of ciliogenesis in animals. Whereas only one RFX factor regulates ciliogenesis in C. elegans, several distinct RFX factors have been implicated in this process in vertebrates. However, a clear understanding of the speciﬁc and redundant functions of different RFX factors in ciliated cells remains lacking. Using RNA-seq and ChIP-seq approaches we identiﬁed genes regulated directly and indirectly by RFX1, RFX2 and RFX3 in mouse ependymal cells. We show that these three TFs have both redundant and speciﬁc functions in ependymal cells. Whereas RFX1, RFX2 and RFX3 occupy many shared genomic loci, only RFX2 and RFX3 play a prominent and redundant function in the control of motile ciliogenesis in mice. Our results provide a valuable list of candidate ciliary genes. They also reveal stunning differences between compensatory processes operating invivoand exvivo.
Plant Diversity and hydrological relations to groundwater in the riparian zone of Cerrado in Mato Grosso (Brazil)

The riparian zones are essential to environmental quality, providing human society with several ecosystems services. Nonetheless, in tropical ecosystems, an intensive overexploitation of resources can hinder their resilience thresholds, compromising key ecological mechanisms that are arguably not yet fully understood. In the Brazilian Cerrado savannah, which is connected to many river basins with abundant groundwater, knowledge gaps on the relationships between hydrological parameters and plant diversity still exist. In intensively cultivated agricultural areas with remaining riparian vegetation (RV), the ways in which vegetation distribution and plant diversity are related to groundwater dynamics (seasonal groundwater level change) as well as the nutrient content of different water fluxes and how RV maintain water quality are topics that remain unclear. Previous studies have been conducted on the diversity and distribution of Cerrado gallery forest plants, but specific research related to vegetation and groundwater nutrients and dynamics is scarce. To bridge this gap, this thesis, under the umbrella of the CarBioCial project (Gerold, 2017), investigated the ecohydrological relationships between vegetation, groundwater dynamics and nutrients in a riparian zone of the Cerrado in the Campo Verde municipality. Groundwater depth, as well as variations in nutrient content were measured over a two-year period (2014-2016), comprised of both wet and dry seasons, together with a phytosociological and floristic survey. Relationships between the measured variables of interest were then statistically evaluated by clustering and fitting environmental variables with a detrended correspondence analysis. Diversity, floristic and structural patterns of riparian zones in the Cerrado at four different transects were analysed first (Chapter 4.1 and 5.1). Three different types of vegetation inside the riparian areas were compared, namely the campo de murundus, cerrado sensu strictu, and gallery forest, giving a total of 38 plots of 20 x 30 meters. The data analysis was based on α-diversity indexes and structural patterns obtained from phytosociological measures (abundance, frequency, and dominance). In the campo de murundus, a total of 706 individuals were registered, distributed among 32 families, 46 genera and 64 species. At the Cerrado sensu strictu, 1937 individuals were sampled, distributed among 35 families, 62 genera and 99 species. In the gallery forest, a total of 370 individuals were sampled and distributed among 34 families, 62 genera and 82 species. The α-diversity values in campo de murundus and in the cerrado sensu strictu were within the expected range, despite that the patches that were surrounded by cropland and/or pasture. In gallery forests, the diversity of plants suffers from human activities such as livestock grazing and selective logging. Our results show that riparian zones do not maintain their plant diversity in Cerrado regions, due to such human activities. Within our study area, the riparian zone was…
Labor Markets in Latin America: A Suppy-Side Story

This work shows that the factors affecting labor supply have been key determinants of the changes in employment, unemployment and income differentials taking place in Latin America in the 1990s. The two main forces driving labor supply in the region have been demographics and education. The following demographic trends have had significant effects on the labor market: C The rate of population growth is slowing. During the 1960s the growth rate was 2.7% each year, but during the 1990s the pace has fallen to slightly less than 1.6%. C The new generations entering the workforce are successively smaller. Between the 1980s and 1990s, the population share of 15-24 year olds declined by 10%. C Latin America is ageing. The population share of older age groups is increasing. Thirty years ago 31% of the population was between 20 and 44 years of age, but by 1997, this proportion had reached almost 40%. There have also been important changes in schooling: C Although the young are more educated than the old, progress in education has been strikingly slow. The level of education among adults has only increased from an average of four years to around eight years during the past 40 years. Today, the typical 18 year old still only completes fewer than seven years of schooling. C The historical gap between male and female schooling has been eliminated in most countries, and in many cases women are now completing more years of school than men. C The overall educational differences within most countries have increased, in spite of improvements in the distribution of education within the youngest generations. The trends in demographics and education have caused a reduction in the growth rate of the labor force: C One of the main causes of the reduction in employment growth has been that the annual growth of the working age population declined from around 3% in the 1980s to 2.5% in the 1990s. This deceleration was caused by declines in fertility in previous decades. C Employment growth in the 1990s was also lower because of changes in female labor participation rates. Whereas in the 1980s the proportion of females participating in the labor market increased by 34% (from 29% to 39%); between 1990 and 1996 their participation rates increased by only 12% (from 39% to 44%). This deceleration was the net result of changes in female education, declines in fertility, and a shift …
Survey of Deep Learning-Based Methods for FMCW Radar Odometry and Ego-Localization

This paper provides an in-depth review of deep learning techniques to address the challenges of odometry and global ego-localization using frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar sensors. In particular, we focus on the prediction of odometry, which involves the determination of the ego-motion of a system by external sensors, and loop closure detection, which concentrates on the determination of the ego-position typically on an existing map. We initially emphasize the significance of these tasks in the context of radar sensors and underscore the motivations behind them. The subsequent sections delve into the practical implementation of deep learning approaches, strategically designed to effectively address the aforementioned challenges. We primarily focus on spinning and automotive radar configurations within the domain of autonomous driving. Additionally, we introduce publicly available datasets that have been instrumental in addressing these challenges and analyze the importance and struggles of current methods used for radar based odometry and localization. In conclusion, this paper highlights the distinctions between the addressed tasks and other radar perception applications, while also discussing their differences from challenges posed by alternative sensor modalities. The findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on advancing radar sensor capabilities through the application of deep learning methodologies, particularly in the context of enhancing odometry and ego-localization for autonomous driving applications.
Reducing assessment anxiety: A case for using revised Bloom’s taxonomy in ESP

This paper explores the benefits of incorporating the prepared speaking format into the final assessment in English for Specific Purposes, as a response to pandemic and the full-fledged war in Ukraine. The aim was to maintain students’ achievements and reduce examination-related anxiety triggered by war stress. As literature review suggests, anxiety blocks cognitive process and ability to critical thinking, the development of which requires focused and sustained attention and correlation of emotions and cognition. Since the critical thinking development is one of the key competences of the XXI century, the format of the designed pre-examination tasks is based on questioning techniques with trajectory on cognitive levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy, originally developed to help educators set educational objectives. In the suggested format it underwent a transformation, shifting from a teacher-centered approach to a student-centered one with the aim to enhance students’ critical thinking and the ability to ask higher cognitive questions. This study was carried out through a qualitative longitudinal approach with semi-structured interviews, a survey, and observation as data collection methods. The findings demonstrated the viability and a crucial role of prepared speaking format in eliminating anxiety, by providing the achievement-oriented strategies focusing students’ attention on effective task engagement.
From field analogues to realistic seismic modelling: a case study of an oil-producing andesitic sill complex in the Neuquén Basin, Argentina

Interpretation of seismic data has played a major role in recent advances in the studies of igneous sill complexes. Seismic modelling studies based on field analogues represent a promising tool to close the scale gap between observations from outcrops and seismic data and support seismic interpretation. Virtual outcrop models are commonly used to include high-resolution geological structures in models of seismic-scale field analogues. However, realistic seismic modelling requires not only detailed structural input, but also well-constrained elastic properties and an adequate seismic modelling technique. Here, we present a seismic modelling study of oil-producing andesitic sills in the Neuquén Basin, Argentina, which implements all modelling elements at high accuracy by combining virtual outcrop models, well data and a 2(3)D filtering method. Our results indicate that the modelled seismic signatures of intrusive bodies observed in field analogues are characterized by frequency-dependent interference and strong amplitude variations owing to highly variable elastic properties of both host rock and sills. We demonstrate that detailed waveform patterns observed in real seismic data can be linked to intrusive bodies below the traditionally assumed limit of resolution via realistic seismic modelling. This illustrates how an integrated modelling approach based on field analogues can aid seismic interpretation.