Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critical Congenital Heart Disease Sadly Diagnosed at Autopsy in Calabar, South-South Nigeria

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect causing more deaths in the first year of life than any other birth defect. Medical practice in a third-world country is faced with numerous challenges, created by poor health facilities and the unavailability of basic imaging studies at the community level where the majority of the poor resides. We present a case series of 4 neonates with a ratio of 1: 3 admitted into the neonatology unit of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria. Two of the patients were delivered at home by a traditional birth attendant via spontaneous vertex delivery and the rest two were booked cases in a private and obstetric unit of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. Their age ranged were 18 hours to 27 days of life and their common presentation were poor sucking, difficulty in breathing, central cyanosis and failure to thrive. A fetal echocardiogram was carried out for one of the cases and there was strong clinical suspicion of congenital heart disease but the precise type is unknown. The other three could not afford the necessary investigations required. They were all oxygen-dependent till death. Pathologic-anatomic findings showed a rare Critical congenital heart defect of the univentricular heart chamber of various types for the three cases and a case of TGA. The Immediate cause of death for all four cases was congestive cardiac failure.
Experimental observation of surface states and Landau levels bending in bilayer graphene

We report on microscopic measurements of the low-energy electronic structures both at the zigzag and armchair edges of bilayer graphene using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM and STS). We have found that, both in the absence and in the presence of a magnetic field, an almost zero-energy peak in the density of states was localized at the zigzag edges, as expected for the surface states at the zigzag edges of bilayer graphene. In the quantum Hall regime, we have clearly observed Landau levels bending away from the charge neutrality point near both the zigzag and armchair edges. Such a result is direct evidence for the evolution of Landau levels into quantum Hall edge states in graphene bilayers. Our experiment indicates that it is possible to explore rich quantum Hall physics in graphene systems using STM and STS.
On the Prospects of Measuring the Cosmic Dawn 21-cm Power Spectrum using the Upgraded Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope (uGMRT)

A recent observation by the EDGES collaboration shows a strong absorption signal in the global 21-cm spectrum from around a redshift of $z = 17$. This absorption is stronger than the maximum prediction by existing models and indicates that the spatial fluctuations of the \HI 21-cm brightness temperature at Cosmic Dawn could be an order of magnitude larger than previously expected. In this paper, we investigate the prospects of detecting the \HI 21-cm power spectrum from Cosmic Dawn using uGMRT. We find that a $10\sigma$ detection of the enhanced \HI 21-cm signal power spectrum is possible within $70, 140$ and $400$ Hours of observation for an optimistic, moderate and pessimistic scenario respectively, using the Band-1 of uGMRT. This could be an useful probe of the interaction between the baryon and dark matter particles in the early Universe. We also present a comparison of the uGMRT predictions with those for the future SKA-Low.
The dependence of tidal stripping efficiency on the satellite and host galaxy morphology

In this paper, we study the tidal stripping process for satellite galaxies orbiting around a massive host galaxy, and focus on its dependence on the morphology of both satellite and host galaxy. For this purpose, we use three different morphologies for the satellites: pure disc, pure bulge and a mixture bulge+disc. Two morphologies are used for the host galaxies: bulge+disc and pure bulge. We find that while the spheroidal stellar component experiences a constant power law like mass removal, the disc is exposed to an exponential mass-loss when the tidal radius of the satellite is of the same order of the disc scalelength. This dramatic mass-loss is able to completely remove the stellar component on time-scale of 100 Myr. As a consequence two satellites with the same stellar and dark matter masses, on the same orbit could either retain considerable fraction of their stellar mass after 10 Gyr or being completely destroyed, depending on their initial stellar morphology. We find that there are two characteristic time-scales describing the beginning and the end of the disc removal, whose values are related to the size of the disc. This result can be easily incorporated in semi-analytical models. We also find that the host morphology and the orbital parameters also have an effect on determining the mass removal, but they are of secondary importance with respect to satellite morphology. We conclude that satellite morphology has a very strong effect on the efficiency of stellar stripping and should be taken into account in modelling galaxy formation and evolution.
Pair density waves in coupled doped two-leg ladders

Univ Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de Physique The´orique et Mod`eles Statistiques,UMR8626, Orsay F-91405, France; CNRS, Orsay, F-91405, France. (Dated: July 16, 2010)Motivated by Resonant X-ray scattering experiments in cuprate ladder materials showing charge order mod-ulation of period λ = 3 and 5 at speciﬁc hole densities, we investigate models invol ving the electronic t-Jladders and bosonic chains coupled via screened Coulomb repulsion. Extensive density matrix renormalizationgroup calculations applied to the ladders/chains supplemented by a self-consistent mean-ﬁeld treatment of theinter-ladder/chain coupling provide quantitative estimates of the charge order for λ = 3,4 and 5. As previ-ously proposed, such patterns correspond to the emergence of pair density waves which stem from the strongelectronic correlations. We comment on the existence of a λ = 4 modulation not seen so far in experiment.
FINDING HIGH-REDSHIFT DARK STARS WITH THE JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE

The first stars in the history of the universe are likely to form in the dense central regions of ∼105–106 M☉ cold dark matter halos at z ≈ 10–50. The annihilation of dark matter particles in these environments may lead to the formation of so-called dark stars, which are predicted to be cooler, larger, more massive, and potentially more long-lived than conventional population III stars. Here, we investigate the prospects of detecting high-redshift dark stars with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We find that all dark stars with masses up to 103 M☉ are intrinsically too faint to be detected by JWST at z > 6. However, by exploiting foreground galaxy clusters as gravitational telescopes do, certain varieties of cool (Teff ⩽ 30, 000 K) dark stars should be within reach at redshifts up to z ≈ 10. If the lifetimes of dark stars are sufficiently long, many such objects may also congregate inside the first galaxies. We demonstrate that this could give rise to peculiar features in the integrated spectra of galaxies at high redshifts, provided that dark stars make up at least ∼1% of the total stellar mass in such objects.
Nearby M, L, and T Dwarfs Discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)

In our effort to complete the census of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in the immediate solar neighborhood, we present spectra, photometry, proper motions, and distance estimates for 42 low-mass star and brown dwarf candidates discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). We also present additional follow-up information on 12 candidates selected using WISE data but previously published elsewhere. The new discoveries include 15 M dwarfs, 17 L dwarfs, five T dwarfs, and five objects of other types. Among these discoveries is a newly identified “unusually red L dwarf” (WISE J223527.07 + 451140.9), four peculiar L dwarfs whose spectra are most readily explained as unresolved L + T binary systems, and a T9 dwarf (WISE J124309.61 + 844547.8). We also show that the recently discovered red L dwarf WISEP J004701.06 + 680352.1 may be a low-gravity object and hence young and potentially low-mass (< 25 MJup).
Mountain pass energies between homotopy classes of maps

For non-homotopic maps $u,v\in C^{\infty}(M,N)$ between closed Riemannian manifolds, we consider the smallest energy level $\gamma_p(u,v)$ for which there exist paths $u_t\in W^{1,p}(M,N)$ connecting $u_0=u$ to $u_1=v$ with $\|du_t\|_{L^p}^p\leq \gamma_p(u,v)$. When $u$ and $v$ are $(k-2)$-homotopic, work of Hang and Lin shows that $\gamma_p(u,v)<\infty$ for $p\in [1,k)$, and using their construction, one can obtain an estimate of the form $\gamma_p(u,v)\leq \frac{C(u,v)}{k-p}$. When $M$ and $N$ are oriented, and $u$ and $v$ induce different maps on real cohomology in degree $k-1$, we show that the growth $\gamma_p(u,v)\sim \frac{1}{k-p}$ as $p\to k$ is sharp, and obtain a lower bound for the coefficient $\liminf_{p\to k}(k-p)\gamma_p(u,v)$ in terms of the min-max masses of certain non-contractible loops in the space of codimension-$k$ integral cycles in $M$. In the process, we establish lower bounds for a related smaller quantity $\gamma_p^*(u,v)\leq\gamma_p(u,v)$, for which there exist critical points $u_p\in W^{1,p}(M,N)$ of the $p$-energy functional satisfying $\gamma_p^*(u,v)\leq \|du_p\|_{L^p}^p\leq \gamma_p(u,v). $
THE METAL-POOR KNEE IN THE FORNAX DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY

We present α-element abundances of Mg, Si, and Ti for a large sample of field stars in two outer fields of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy, obtained with Very Large Telescope/GIRAFFE (R ∼ 16, 000). Due to the large fraction of metal-poor (MP) stars in our sample, we are able to follow the α-element evolution from [Fe/H] ≈ −2.5 continuously to [Fe/H] ≈ −0.7. For the first time we are able to resolve the turnover from the Type II supernovae (SNe) dominated, α-enhanced plateau down to subsolar [α/Fe] values, due to the onset of SNe Ia, and thus to trace the chemical enrichment efficiency of the galaxy. Our data support the general concept of an α-enhanced plateau at early epochs, followed by a well-defined “knee” caused by the onset of SNe Ia, and finally a second plateau with sub-solar [α/Fe] values. We find the position of this knee to be at [Fe/H] ≈ −1.9 and therefore significantly more MP than expected from comparison with other dSphs and standard evolutionary models. Surprisingly, this value is rather comparable to the knee in Sculptor, a dSph ∼10 times less luminous than Fornax. Using chemical evolution models, we find that the position of the knee and the subsequent plateau at the sub-solar level can hardly be explained unless the galaxy experienced several discrete star formation (SF) events with a drastic variation in SF efficiency, while a uniform SF can be ruled out. One possible evolutionary scenario is that Fornax experienced one or several major accretion events from gas-rich systems in the past, so that its current stellar mass is not indicative of the chemical evolution environment at ancient times. If Fornax is the product of several smaller buildings blocks, this may also have implications for the understanding of the formation process of dSphs in general.
Anomali pengaruh sektor industri terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia

Kontribusi sektor industri terhadap perekonomian yang cenderung menurun, juga diikuti dengan penurunan kemiskinan dalam pengamatan yang cukup panjang. Tren yang searah ini menjadi salah satu pemantik untuk menelusuri lebih dalam pengaruh sektor industri, dan beberapa variabel prediktor lainnya terhadap kemiskinan. tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh jangka pendek dan jangka panjang dari sektor industri, pertanian, konsumsi rumah tangga, konsumsi pemerintah, dan PMTB terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia tahun 2000-2021. Data diperoleh dari publikasi BPS, dengan metode analisis desktriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Error Correction Model. Berdasarkan uji derajat integrasi diketahui bahwa data stasioner pada orde kedua. Pengujian residual Engle-Granger memperoleh hasil bahwa data pada tingkat level terdapat kointegrasi. Hasil regresi pada sektor industri justru menunjukkan pengaruh yang positif signifikan baik dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Konsumsi rumah tangga berpengaruh negatif baik jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Kemudian, PMTB memiliki pengaruh signifikan dalam jangka pendek, namun semakin melemah dalam jangka panjang. Sedangkan konsumsi pemerintah dan sektor pertanian tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia.The contribution of the industrial sector to the economy which tends to decline, is also followed by a decrease in poverty in a long period of observation. This unidirectional trend is one of the triggers to explore more deeply the influence of the industrial sector, and several other predictor variables on poverty. The purpose of this study is to analyze the short-term and long-term effects of the industrial sector, agriculture, household consumption, government consumption, and PMTB on the poverty rate in Indonesia in 2000-2021. Data obtained from BPS publications, using quantitative descriptive analysis method with Error Correction Model approach. The regression results in the industrial sector actually show a significant positive effect both in the long and short term. Household consumption has a negative effect both in the long and short term. Then, PMTB has a significant effect in the short term, but weakens in the long term. Meanwhile, government consumption and the agricultural sector have no significant effect on the poverty rate in Indonesia.
DUSTY SUPERNOVAE RUNNING THE THERMODYNAMICS OF THE MATTER REINSERTED WITHIN YOUNG AND MASSIVE SUPER STELLAR CLUSTERS

Following the observational and theoretical evidence that points at core-collapse supernovae (SNe) as major producers of dust, here we calculate the hydrodynamics of the matter reinserted within young and massive super stellar clusters under the assumption of gas and dust radiative cooling. The large SN rate expected in massive clusters allows for a continuous replenishment of dust immersed in the high temperature thermalized reinserted matter and warrants a stationary presence of dust within the cluster volume during the type II SN era. We first show that such a balance determines the range of the dust-to-gas-mass ratio, and thus the dust cooling law. We then search for the critical line that separates stationary cluster winds from the bimodal cases in the cluster mechanical luminosity (or cluster mass) versus cluster size parameter space. In the latter, strong radiative cooling reduces considerably the cluster wind mechanical energy output and affects particularly the cluster central regions, leading to frequent thermal instabilities that diminish the pressure and inhibit the exit of the reinserted matter. Instead, matter accumulates there and is expected to eventually lead to gravitational instabilities and to further stellar formation with the matter reinserted by former massive stars. The main outcome of the calculations is that the critical line is almost two orders of magnitude or more, depending on the assumed value of VA∞, lower than when only gas radiative cooling is applied. And thus, many massive clusters are predicted to enter the bimodal regime.
Pair-density wave states through spin-orbit coupling in multilayer superconductors

Spin singlet superconductors with quasi-two dimensional multilayer structure are studied in high magnetic fields. Specifically we concentrate on bi- and tri-layer systems whose layers by symmetry are subject Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling. The combination of magnetic field and spin-orbit coupling leads to a first order phase transition between different states of layer-dependent superconducting order parameters upon rising the magnetic field. In this context we distinguish the low-field Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer state where all layers have order parameters of the same sign and the high-field pair-density wave state where the layer-dependent order parameters change the sign at the center layer. We also show that progressive paramagnetic limiting effects yield additional features in the H-T phase diagram. As possible realizations of such unusual superconducting phases we consider artificial superlattices of CeCoIn_5, as well as some multilayer high-T_c cuprates.
Sustainable novel extraction of bioactive compounds from fruits and vegetables waste for functional foods: a review

ABSTRACT The current review has been considered to extract the bioactive compounds from different fruits and vegetable waste using novel extraction techniques. Among all horticultural crops, fruits and vegetables are the most consumed. Due to a rising population and changing dietary patterns, the production and processing of horticultural commodities, particularly fruits and vegetables, has expanded dramatically in order to meet rising demand. Food waste is the by-product of numerous industrial, agricultural, domestic, and food operations sector that is steadily increasing as these activities rise. Seeds, skin, rind, and pomace make up the majority of the waste, which is rich in bioactive substances such as carotenoids, polyphenols, dietary fibers, vitamins, enzymes, and oils. Waste can be used to make a variety of vital bioactive components, which is an important step toward long-term development. For the extraction of bioactive compounds, various extraction technologies are being used, including supercritical fluid extraction, subcritical water extraction, enzyme assisted extraction, ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction. The sustainable extracts attained using different technologies are valuable in the formation of functional food. Conclusively, new technologies manage waste in a meaningful way that is collected from fruits and vegetables. However, these bioactive compounds that are attained from wastes are valuable in the formation of food products.
THE EARLY STAGES OF STAR FORMATION IN INFRARED DARK CLOUDS: CHARACTERIZING THE CORE DUST PROPERTIES

Identified as extinction features against the bright Galactic mid-infrared background, infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) are thought to harbor the very earliest stages of star and cluster formation. In order to better characterize the properties of their embedded cores, we have obtained new 24 μm, 60–100 μm, and submillimeter continuum data toward a sample of 38 IRDCs. The 24 μm Spitzer images reveal that while the IRDCs remain dark, many of the cores are associated with bright 24 μm emission sources, which suggests that they contain one or more embedded protostars. Combining the 24 μm, 60–100 μm, and submillimeter continuum data, we have constructed broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for 157 of the cores within these IRDCs and, using simple graybody fits to the SEDs, have estimated their dust temperatures, emissivities, opacities, bolometric luminosities, masses, and densities. Based on their Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera 3–8 μm colors and the presence of 24 μm point-source emission, we have separated cores that harbor active, high-mass star formation from cores that are quiescent. The active “protostellar” cores typically have warmer dust temperatures and higher bolometric luminosities than the more quiescent, perhaps “pre-protostellar,” cores. Because the mass distributions of the populations are similar, however, we speculate that the active and quiescent cores may represent different evolutionary stages of the same underlying population of cores. Although we cannot rule out low-mass star formation in the quiescent cores, the most massive of them are excellent candidates for the “high-mass starless core” phase, the very earliest in the formation of a high-mass star.
The Effect of Mobile Payments on Retailer Firm Value: The Moderating Role of Promotions, Customer Segment, and Rollout Strategy

Mobile payment technology platforms are quickly gaining popularity. Despite this growth, academic research offers little insight into how adopting mobile payment technology impacts firm value. Further, extant studies are silent on the factors that determine the outcome of pursuing this strategy. Results from an event study of 152 announcements of mobile payments show an increase in firm value by an average of 1.03%, highlighting their effectiveness. Further analysis reveals characteristics of mobile payments that can augment this change in firm value. Specifically, positive firm value accrues when retailers promote the use of mobile payments to their customers. The authors also find that, compared with retailers whose target market comprises older customers, retailers targeting younger customers benefit more from adopting mobile payments. Finally, this study reveals an early-mover advantage, which is maximized in conjunction with an expansive, national rollout strategy. In fact, although a national rollout can be more beneficial early, the results show that for retailers that adopt mobile payments later, there is no difference between using an expansive rollout or a more limited, phased rollout strategy.
Geothermal Casimir phenomena for the sphere-plate and cylinder-plate configurations

We investigate the nontrivial interplay between geometry and temperature in the Casimir effect for the sphere-plate and cylinder-plate configurations. At low temperature, the thermal contribution to the Casimir force is dominated by this interplay, implying that standard approximation techniques such as the proximity force approximation (PFA) are inapplicable even in the limit of small surface separation. Thermal fluctuations on scales of the thermal wavelength lead to a delocalization of the thermal force density at low temperatures. As a consequence, the temperature dependence strongly differs from naive expectations. Most prominently, thermal forces can develop nonmonotonic behavior below a critical temperature. We perform a comprehensive study of such geothermal phenomena in these Casimir geometries, using analytical and numerical worldline techniques for Dirichlet scalar fluctuations.
THE DYNAMIC X-RAY NEBULA POWERED BY THE PULSAR B1259–63

We present observations of the eccentric γ-ray binary B1259–63/LS 2883 with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The images reveal a variable, extended (about 4″, or ∼1000 times the binary orbit size) structure, which appears to be moving away from the binary with the velocity of 0.05 of the speed of light. The observed emission is interpreted as synchrotron radiation from relativistic particles supplied by the pulsar. However, the fast motion through the circumbinary medium would require the emitting cloud to be loaded with a large amount of baryonic matter. Alternatively, the extended emission can be interpreted as a variable extrabinary shock in the pulsar wind outflow launched near binary apastron. The resolved variable X-ray nebula provides an opportunity to probe pulsar winds and their interaction with stellar winds in a previously inaccessible way.
The (not so) squeezed limit of the primordial 3-point function

We prove that, in a generic single-field model, the consistency relation for the 3-point function in the squeezed limit receives corrections that vanish quadratically in the ratio of the momenta, i.e. as (k L/k S) 2. This implies that a detection of a bispectrum signal going as 1/k L 2 in the squeezed limit, that is suppressed only by one power of k L compared with the local shape, would rule out all single-field models. The absence of this kind of terms in the bispectrum holds also for multifield models, but only if all the fields have a mass much smaller than H. The detection of any scale dependence of the bias, for scales much larger than the size of the haloes, would disprove all single-field models. We comment on the regime of squeezing that can be probed by realistic surveys. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.