Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of YouTube Learning Media with Observation Method and Self-Confidence on Learning Outcomes of Heavy Equipment Technology

This study aims to determine the effect of YouTube media with the observation method and self-confidence on learning outcomes of Heavy Equipment Technology. The population in this study were students in 2019 in the Automotive Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang with a sample of 32 students in the experimental group and 32 students in the control group. Samples were taken by cluster sampling technique. Data were collected through validated tests. The data analysis technique used the two-way variance test (ANOVA) and Tukey test. Before testing the hypothesis, the normality test and homogeneity test were carried out first. The results of data analysis showed that YouTube learning media and confidence in learning outcomes in the Heavy Equipment Technology course obtained a higher interaction with the results of the analysis of variance for the calculated F value = 4.24> F table = 3.97 at a significant level = 0.05. Thus, YouTube learning accompanied by high self-confidence obtains better learning outcomes compared to learning the observation method.
The impacts of alder (alnus spp.) and salmon (oncorhynchus spp.) on aquatic nutrient dynamics and microbial communities in southwestern Alaska

Nitrogen (N)-fixing alder (Alnus spp.) provides key nutrient subsidies to many terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In southwestern (SW) Alaska, alder is a prevalent constituent of the regional vegetation, and may contribute dissolved nutrients to adjacent freshwater systems. This importance is expected to increase as alder cover expands under climate warming and as salmon harvesting reduces marine-derived nutrients in salmon-spawning habitats. We analyzed stream N and phosphorus (P) concentrations and yields from 26 streams in SW Alaska, from 2010 to 2013, to determine how landscape features and meteorological conditions affect terrestrial nutrient export and resulting aquatic stoichiometry in this region. We also installed lysimeters in soils under alder-dominated and non-alder communities to assess N and P leaching from alder. Annually, alder patches leached approximately 24 kg ha more NOx-N, and 2 kg ha more PO4P than non-alder patches (Z > -2.24, P < 0.01 for both). Stream NOx concentrations and yields increased non-linearly where alder cover exceeded approximately 30%, suggesting a threshold effect. Watershed elevation was inversely related to alder cover, and stream NOx concentrations and yields (ρ = -0.80, -0.73, -0.51 respectively, all P < 0.06). Stream P was not related to alder. Instead, higher stream P was associated with lower temperatures, possibly reflecting reduced P demand under low rates of metabolic activity. Stream DIN:TP increased with alder cover (ρ = 0.78, P < 0.05) and decreased with elevation (ρ = – 0.71, P < 0.05), implying that alder increased stream N availability and exacerbated P-limitation. Thus, the elevational gradient in alder cover determined spatial patterns in stream N availability and nutrient limitation across our study watersheds. These results suggest that aquatic P-limitation will become increasingly common in areas where climate-induced alder expansion continues and that alder is unable to buffer freshwater systems from declining salmon. INTRODUCTION Biological nitrogen (N)-fixation is the largest natural source of reactive N to the biosphere, accounting for approximately 198 Tg N yr, or 48% of total N inputs to the global N cycle (Fowler et al. 2013, Vitousek et al. 2013). In regions where N often limits primary
Relationship between easterly waves and mesoscale convective systems over the Sahel

Relationship between Sahelian mesoscale convective systems and easterly waves is studied at various time and space scales during 5 rainy seasons (1st July–15th September 1990–1994). This study focuses on a sub‐population of MCSs called organised convective systems (OCS) which account for most of the rainfall. Wave activity periods are detected by spectral analyses on the 700 hPa meridional wind component, information on the convective systems is derived from an automatic tracking algorithm and rainfall data of the EPSAT‐Niger experiment. We observe a modulation of OCS cloud cover at synoptic‐scale during easterly wave activity, with an increase of the cloud cover in and ahead of the trough but OCS rainfall efficiency is maximum behind of the wave trough. At seasonal scale, OCS number and cloud cover distributions are not significantly affected by easterly wave occurrences, which means that the latter are not directly associated to the interannual variability of rainfall.
How far did the Cadomian ʽterranesʼ travel from Gondwana during early Palaeozoic? A critical reappraisal based on detrital zircon geochronology

ABSTRACT In this paper, laser ablation ICP-MS U–Pb detrital zircon ages are used to discuss provenance and early Palaeozoic palaeogeography of continental fragments that originated in the Cadomian–Avalonian active margin of Gondwana at the end of Precambrian, were subsequently extended during late Cambrian to Early Ordovician opening of the Rheic Ocean, and finally were incorporated into and reworked within the European Variscan belt. The U–Pb detrital zircon age spectra in the analysed samples, taken across a late Neproterozoic (Ediacaran) to Early/Middle Devonian metasedimentary succession of the southeastern Teplá–Barrandian unit, Bohemian Massif, are almost identical and exhibit a bimodal age distribution with significant peaks at about 2.1–1.9 Ga and 650–550 Ma. We interpret the source area as an active margin comprising a cratonic (Eburnean) hinterland rimmed by Cadomian volcanic arcs and we suggest that this source was available at all times during deposition. The new detrital zircon ages also corroborate the West African provenance of the Teplá–Barrandian and correlative Saxothuringian and Moldanubian units, questioned in some palaeogeographic reconstructions. Finally, at variance with the still popular concept of the Cadomian basement units as far-travelled terranes, we propose that early Palaeozoic basins, developed upon the Cadomian active margin, were always part of a wide Gondwana shelf and drifted northwards together before involvement in the Variscan collisional belt.
Evaluation of the cyclic behavior of aircraft turbine disk alloys

Five aircraft turbine disk alloys representing various strength and processing histories were evaluated at 650 C to determine if recent strength advances in powder metallurgy have resulted in corresponding increases in low cycle fatigue (LCF) capability. Controlled strain LCF tests and controlled load crack propagation tests were performed. Results were used for direct material comparisons and in the analysis of an advanced aircraft turbine disk, having a fixed design and operating cycle. Crack initiation lives were found to increase with increasing tensile yield strength, while resistance to fatigue crack propagation generally decreased with increasing strength.
Seasonal variability of Red Sea mixed layer depth: the influence of atmospheric buoyancy and momentum forcing

The seasonal and spatial evolution of the mixed layer (ML) in the Red Sea (RS) and the influence of atmospheric buoyancy and momentum forcing are analyzed for the 2001–2015 period using a high-resolution (1/100°, 50 vertical layers) ocean circulation model. The simulation reveals a strong spatiotemporal variability reflecting the complex patterns associated with the air–sea buoyancy flux and wind forcing, as well as the significant impact of the basin’s general and mesoscale circulation. During the spring and summer months, buoyancy forcing intensifies stratification, resulting in a generally shallow ML throughout the basin. Nevertheless, the results reveal local maxima associated with the influence of mesoscale circulation and regular wind induced mixing. Under the influence of surface buoyancy loss, the process of deepening of the ML commences in early September, reaching its maximum depth in January and February. The northern Gulf of Aqaba and the western parts of the northern RS, exhibit the deepest ML, with a gradual shoaling toward the south, primarily due to the surface advection of relatively fresh water that enters the basin from the Gulf of Aden. The mixed layer depth (MLD) variability is primarily driven by atmospheric buoyancy forcing, especially its heat flux component. Although evaporative fluxes dominate the annually averaged surface buoyancy forcing, they exhibit weak seasonal and spatial variability. Wind induced mixing exerts a significant impact on the MLD only locally, especially during summer. Of particular importance are strong winds channeled by topography, such as those in the vicinity of the Strait of Bab-Al-Mandeb and the straits connecting the two gulfs in the north, as well as lateral jets venting through mountain gaps, such as the Tokar Jet in the central RS. The analysis highlights the complex patterns of air-sea interactions, thermohaline circulation, and mesoscale activity, all of them strongly imprinted on the MLD distribution.
Embracing Complexity: Ambidextrous Leadership Enriching Job Satisfaction in Nepalese Commercial Banking Sector

Scholars argue that ambidexterity serves as a crucial precursor not only to organizational innovation but also for teams and individual workers. This study indulges into ambidexterity and analyzes the synergic combination of transformational and transactional leadership style to create ambidextrous leadership and the positive impact of ambidextrous leadership on job satisfaction in Nepalese commercial banks. The research employed a survey design to collect data from 150 employees in Nepali commercial banks. Simple random sampling techniques were utilized, and a questionnaire was administered to gauge respondents' job satisfaction levels with various dimensions of transactional leadership styles, employing a five-point Likert scale. The findings reveal a significant relationship between ambidextrous leadership style dimensions and job satisfaction in Nepali commercial banks. The study concludes that ambidextrous leadership is the potential to be the most influential leadership style for fostering job satisfaction and recommends the balancing of counteracting leadership styles promoting ambidextrous leadership in Nepali commercial banks
Enhanced oil recovery chemicals from renewable wood resources

Using advanced petroleum recovery techniques, it may be possible to produce half as much oil from existing U.S. wells as has been previously produced. Even limited use of tertiary oil recovery methods could substantially add to U.S. domestic oil production and decrease U.S. dependence on foreign energy imports. Micellar flooding, a promising technique for enhanced oil recovery, uses chemicals to free oil from formations depleted by conventional techniques. Using micellar flooding techniques to produce additional petroleum equivalent to 1% of U.S. current consumption could require approximately 75 million lb of high viscosity polymer, 750 million lb of surfactant, and 400 million lb of 3 to 5 carbon alcohols annually. The availability of better, cheaper chemical materials for this process could decrease the overall process cost and thereby increase its use. Synthesis of micellar flood chemicals from waste materials could meet the requirements of low cost chemicals without large scale market dislocations. With the exception of petroleum, wood is the largest single U.S. commodity. Because this industry is experienced in chemical recovery and has major landholdings, it is a good potential source for micellar flood chemicals. Most of the wood pulp used to produce the quarter ton of paper consumed per capita per year in the U.S. is produced by cooking, or digesting, wood chips in a chemical solution. These pulping processes have effluent streams which contain substantial amounts of dissolved lignins, lignin breakdown products, and carbohydrates. There is a substantial economic incentive to use these materials as feedstocks for the production of high-valued micellar flood chemicals. The pulp and paper industries have practiced chemical recovery for almost a century. The largest chemical recycle processes are the internal recycle of inorganic salts for reuse in pulping. This is coupled with the use of waste organic compounds in the liquor as a fuel for directly-fired evaporation processes. Diversion of effluent and low valued streams for chemical recovery using fermentation, purification, or synthesis methods appears technically feasible in several cases. The use of new recovery processes could yield a variety of different wood-effluent based products. Some of the sugar acids in pulping liquors might be used as sequestering agents in reservoirs where there are large amounts of multivalent cations in flood brines. Fermentation production of high viscosity polymers, sequestering agents, and coagent alcohols appears worth further investigation. Tall oil acids and their derivatives can be used as surfactants in some reservoirs. Some waste constituents may adsorb preferentially on formations and thereby reduce loss of surfactants and other higher-valued chemicals. The development of processes for the production of chemicals, including those chemicals used in micellar floods, from pulp and paper industry waste and low-valued process streams could provide economic benefit to the industry and to the nation.
Tillage‐induced surface roughness and topographic conditions for rill initiation in Angereb watershed, Ethiopia

Rill erosion makes up one source of sediment detachment and transport on agricultural fields in the Ethiopia highlands. It is so important to understand the conditions for rill initiation and demarcating rill prone areas for management planning. In this paper, we estimated rill incision considering tillage‐induced surface roughness, upslope contributing area, and slope gradient. Field experiments were installed on two fresh‐tilled smallholder agricultural plots of 3.2 m wide and 14.4 m long in the Angereb watershed of the upper Lake Tana subbasin in Ethiopia. The plots mainly represent clay and sandy clay loam soils. Time series digital elevation models generated by digital photogrammetry were used to derive topographic and surface roughness variables corresponding to 46, 116, 174, and 410‐mm cumulative rainfall. A non‐linear regression model was fitted on the slope gradient, upslope contributing area, and surface random roughness of individual rills to predict threshold area for rill initiation. Subsequent rainfall events have resulted in rough surfaces later. The change in random roughness in each rainfall event compared with the first stage amounts to 1.81, 1.62, 1.68, and 1.74 cm on clay soil and −0.05, 0.86, 1.55, and 2.06 cm on sandy clay loam soil. Prediction of the threshold area for rill initiation has improved when considering random roughness and its temporal changes. The average prediction parameter of the unit contributing area was 0.03 ± 0.05 and 0.04 ± 0.04, and of the random roughness was −0.08 ± 0.13 and −0.13 ± 0.05 on clay and sandy clay loam soils, respectively. The prediction resulted in a threshold area between 0.20 and 0.47 (average of 0.36 ± 0.11) on clay soil and 0.28 and 0.39 (average of 0.34 ± 0.05) on sandy clay loam soil. The significant variation of threshold area (p < 0.05) over the subsequent rainfall events ensures the role of incorporating surface roughness in predicting rill initiation. The result demonstrates the need to consider the variable threshold area over rainfall periods for rill incision modelling and indirectly improves the slope–length factor of erosion models.
Nanopore sequencing for identification and characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from tilapia and shrimp sold at wet markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Wet markets in low-and middle-income countries are often reported to have inadequate sanitation resulting in fecal contamination of sold produce. Consumption of contaminated wet market-sourced foods has been linked to individual illness and disease outbreaks. This pilot study, conducted in two major wet markets in Dhaka city, Bangladesh during a 4-month period in 2021 aimed to assess the occurrence and characteristics of Escherichia coli and non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. (NTS) from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Fifty-four individuals of each species were collected. The identity of the bacterial isolates was confirmed by PCR and their susceptibility toward 15 antimicrobials was tested by disk diffusion. The whole genome of 15 E. coli and nine Salmonella spp. were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technology. E. coli was present in 60–74% of tilapia muscle tissue and 41–44% of shrimp muscle tissue. Salmonella spp. was found in skin (29%) and gills (26%) of tilapia, and occasionally in muscle and intestinal samples of shrimp. The E. coli had several Multilocus sequence typing and serotypes and limited antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, such as point mutations on glpT and pmrB. One E. coli (BD17) from tilapia carried resistance genes for beta-lactams, quinolones, and tetracycline. All the E. coli belonged to commensal phylogroups B1 and A and showed no Shiga-toxin and other virulence genes, confirming their commensal non-pathogenic status. Among the Salmonella isolates, five belonged to Kentucky serovar and had similar AMR genes and phenotypic resistance patterns. Three strains of this serovar were ST198, often associated with human disease, carried the same resistance genes, and were genetically related to strains from the region. The two undetermined sequence types of S. Kentucky were distantly related and positioned in a separate phylogenetic clade. Two Brunei serovar isolates, one Augustenborg isolate, and one Hartford isolate showed different resistance profiles. This study revealed high fecal contamination levels in tilapia and shrimp sold at two main wet markets in Dhaka. Together with the occurrence of Salmonella spp. , including S. Kentucky ST198, a well-known human pathogen, these results stress the need to improve hygienic practices and sanitation standards at markets to improve food safety and protect consumer health.
Case Series on Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Better Glycemic Control without Long-acting Insulin

In our case series, we are describing 6 patients with uncontrolled, complicated type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2-DM). Although they were self-monitoring their blood glucose (SMBG) at least 4 times a day, they continued to have suboptimal glucose control. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was started at our Internal medicine residency primary care clinic. The patients were educated on diet, lifestyle changes, and how to adjust their insulin regimen according to their blood glucose results from the CGM as the standard of care. They were called every two weeks by the representative of our CGM team to monitor and answer any queries regarding insulin adjustment, blood glucose monitoring, diet, physical activity, or lifestyle. The CGM team included Internal medicine and transitional year medical residents and a board-certified endocrinologist who was a member of our clinic. Moreover, the patients were seen at the clinic once every month by a member of the CGM team. Long and rapid-acting Insulins were started to achieve optimal glucose control initially. Eventually, Insulin dosage was gradually reduced, and the patients we described were started on alternate agents like oral antidiabetic agents with or without injectable glucagon-like peptide GLP-1 receptor agonists. The five-hour postprandial C-peptide was checked after discontinuation of insulin in all of our patients and was normal. Within a few months of CGM initiation, there was a significant improvement in the patients’ glucose control which was maintained after stopping the Insulin. Some patients were also able to lose weight. We concluded that CGM could be initiated safely in an internal medicine residency clinic not only at specialized endocrine clinics in a project that was managed primarily by internal medicine and transitional year residents under the supervision of a member of the clinic who was board certified in endocrinologists. We also demonstrated the introduction of CGM instead of SMBG in patients with Type 2-DM helped them to achieve better glycemic control with insulin, overcome glucose toxicity, and eventually stop the insulin and maintain excellent glucose control only with oral antidiabetic agents with or without injectable GLP 1 receptor agonist.
Melatonin delayed senescence by modulating the contents of plant signalling molecules in postharvest okras

Okra has been widely cultivated worldwide. Consumers appreciate its nutritional value and delicious taste. However, okra is very perishable after harvest because of rapid senescence and high susceptibility to mechanical injuries, which limits its storage life and reduces consumer acceptance. This study examined the influence of melatonin treatment on senescence process and endogenous plant signalling molecules in postharvest okras. The results indicated that melatonin treatment delayed senescence by increasing the endogenous melatonin content through upregulation of its biosynthetic genes. In addition, the treatment increased the contents of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin (GA) due to the positive modulation of their metabolic and signalling genes. Furthermore, treated okras exhibited higher levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) but lower abscisic acid (ABA) content, contributing to the delayed senescence process compared to control. Overall, the findings suggested that melatonin postponed senescence in okras fruit by positively regulating endogenous signalling molecules such as melatonin, IAA, GABA, GA, and ABA.
Projected Trends in Interannual Variation in Summer Seasonal Precipitation and Its Extremes over the Tropical Asian Monsoon Regions in CMIP5

Long-term changes in the interannual variation in summer seasonal [June–August (JJA)] precipitation over the tropical Asian summer monsoon (ASM) region were investigated using 22 simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) of the representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) run. Objective evaluations were performed with statistical tests to determine if there was an agreement among the multiple models. A robust increasing trend in fluctuations in the interannual variation in JJA precipitation over the ASM region was found. Expansions in both the wet and dry extremes of JJA precipitation anomalies were identified from the beginning to end of the twenty-first century, which were indicative of an intensification in interannual variation. These results indicate that the frequency and/or intensity of floods and droughts will likely increase under global warming. The spatial distribution of the projected expansion of wet and dry extremes differed over the ASM region. The signals in the wet extreme appeared throughout the whole ASM region, whereas those in the dry extreme were strong, particularly over the area from the Bay of Bengal to the equatorial western North Pacific, corresponding with the monsoon trough where the mean JJA precipitation increased.