Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Donor-Acceptor-Based Organic Polymer Semiconductor Materials to Achieve High Hole Mobility in Organic Field-Effect Transistors

Organic polymer semiconductor materials are conveniently tuned to energy levels because of their good chemically modifiable properties, thus enhancing their carrier transport capabilities. Here, we have designed and prepared a polymer with a donor-acceptor structure and tested its potential as a p-type material for organic field-effect transistor (OFET) applications using a solution-processing method. The conjugated polymers, obtained via the polymerization of the two monomers relying on the Stille coupling reaction, possess extremely high molecular weights and thermodynamic stability. Theoretical-based calculations show that PDPP-2S-Se has superior planarity, which is favorable for carrier transport within the main chain. Photophysical and electrochemical measurements systematically investigated the properties of the material and the energy levels with respect to the theoretical values. The maximum hole mobility of the PDPP-2S-Se-based OFET device is 0.59 cm2 V−1 s−1, which makes it a useful material for potential organic electronics applications.
Good Natured: The Origins of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals

Prologue Darwinian Dilemmas Survival of the Unfittest Biologicizing Morality Calvinist Sociobiology A Broader View The Invisible Grasping Organ Ethology and Ethics Photo Essay: Closeness Sympathy Warm Blood in Cold Waters Special Treatment of the Handicapped Responses to Injury and Death Having Broad Nails The Social Mirror Lying and Aping Apes Simian Sympathy A World without Compassion Photo Essay: Cognition and Empathy Rank and Order A Sense of Social Regularity The Monkey's Behind Guilt and Shame Unruly Youngsters The Blushing Primate Two Genders, Two Moralities? Umbilical versus Confrontational Bonds Primus inter Pares Quid pro Quo The Less-than-Golden Rule Mobile Meals At the Circle's Center A Concept of Giving Testing for Reciprocity From Revenge to Justice Photo Essay: Help from a Friend Getting Along The Social Cage The Relational Model Peacemaking Rope Walking Baboon Testimony Draining the Behavioral Sink Community Concern Photo Essay: War and Peace Conclusion What Does It Take to Be Moral? Floating Pyramids A Hole in the Head Notes Bibliography Acknowledgments Index
Effects of Common Biochar and Acid-Modified Biochar on Growth and Quality of Spinach in Coastal Saline Soils

The rational development and efficient utilization of saline soils can alleviate the problem of insufficient arable land faced by agricultural production in China. A prominent problem is improving soil salt and water conditions for promoting land resources’ productivity in coastal areas. Biochar is widely used for soil improvement, as it has remarkable properties. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of two kinds of biochar (common biochar and acid-modified biochar) with three addition rates (2%, 4%, and 8%) on the growth, yield, photosynthetic characteristics, and quality of spinach. The results revealed that 2% and 4% common biochar increased the plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area index, effectively improving the yield of spinach and water productivity, while 8% common biochar was detrimental to the growth of spinach to some extent. Acid-modified biochar significantly benefited the growth and increased the water productivity of spinach, ensuring high yields, while also improved quality. Similarly, acid-modified biochar was less effective at high additions than at low-to-medium additions. The integrated biological response version 2 (IBRV2) values under acid-modified biochar treatments were all significantly higher than those under common biochar, but there is no significant difference among three treatments in the same biochar group, which suggested a pronounced amelioration in spinach growth within saline-alkali soil upon the incorporation of acid-modified biochar. Overall, applying acid-modified biochar at the rate of 4% exhibited enormous potential for increasing the yield and quality of spinach in saline soils.
Value Relevance of Accounting Information and Share Rate: A Study of Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

This research work determined the impact of value relevance of accounting information on the stock price of manufacturing companies in Nigeria. More specifically, the study determines the impact of earnings per share and dividends on the stock price of Nigerian manufacturing companies. Ex post facto research and data were obtained from twenty audited annual reports and financial statements. This study used the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation from 2012 to 2021 and covered ten years with the help of E-view 9.0 data analysis revealed that there is a positive insignificant relationship between stock dividends, earnings per share and stock price in the manufacturing sector in Nigeria.
Genetic and Haplotype Diversity of Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Different Regions of China Based on Three Molecular Markers

Simple Summary China has the largest production yield of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in the world. Most of the clam seeds for aquaculture are mainly derived from artificial breeding in southern China, likely resulting in the loss of genetic variation and inbreeding depression. In this paper, we investigate the genetic diversity and differentiation of R. philippinarum populations. The present results not only provide the scientific basis for the phylogenetic relationship of clam resources, but also lay the foundation for natural population conservation and genetic improvement of R. philippinarum. Abstract China has the largest production yield of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in the world. Most of the clam seeds for aquaculture are mainly derived from artificial breeding in southern China, likely resulting in the loss of genetic variation and inbreeding depression. To understand the genetic and haplotype diversity of R. philippinarum, 14 clam populations sampled from different regions of China were analyzed by three molecular markers, including COI, 16SrRNA and ITS. Based on the results of the COI and ITS genes, the 14 populations showed a moderate to high level of genetic diversity, with an average haplotype diversity of 0.9242 and nucleotide diversity of 0.05248. AMOVA showed that there was significant genetic differentiation among all populations (mean FST of the total population was 0.4534). Pairwise FST analysis showed that genetic differentiation reached significant levels between Laizhou and other populations. Two Laizhou populations showed great divergence from other populations, forming an independent branch in the phylogenetic tree. The shared haplotypes Hap_2 and Hap_4 of COI appeared most frequently in most clam populations. In contrast, 16SrRNA analysis of the clam populations revealed the dominated haplotype Hap_2, accounting for 70% of the total number of individuals. The haplotype diversity of the Laizhou population (Laizhou shell-wide (KK) and Laizhou dock (LZMT)) was relatively higher than other populations, showing multiple unique haplotypes (e.g., Hap_40, Hap_41 and Hap_42). These findings of genetic and haplotype diversity of clam populations provide guiding information for genetic resource conservation and genetic improvement of the commercially important R. philippinarum.
Transnationally entangled (in)securities: The UAE, Turkey, and the Saharan political economy of danger

Contemporary security interventions in Africa are characterized by an increasing pluralization of external actors, bringing with them new security rationalities, practices, and technologies, sometimes with profound influences on local security dynamics. While studies have focused empirically on East and South Africa, this article explores the roles of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Turkey in the Sahel region of West Africa. To make sense of their engagement, we develop the notion of ‘transnational security entanglements’ by bringing the literature on (in)security assemblages into productive dialogue with scholarship on transnational entanglements in the fields of global history and law. Both literatures depart from relational ontologies, eschew methodological nationalism, and emphasize the interplay between the human and the non-human in the making of the social world. At the same time, we argue, the focus on entanglements adds a specific analytic of South–South connections and transregional circulations to extant scholarship on (in)security assemblages. To illustrate the importance of these transregional connections beyond the North Atlantic, we draw on interviews and media reports about the myriad ways in which connections between the UAE and Turkey with various actors in the Sahel shape current transformations of political orders in the region.
Asthma improvement in patients treated with dupilumab for severe atopic dermatitis

Introduction Atopic dermatitis (AD) is considered a systemic type 2 immune driven disease, and it is associated to many atopic comorbidities including asthma. The aim of our study was to prospectively evaluate the respiratory outcomes in patients with persistent allergic asthma treated with dupilumab due to severe AD (sAD). Methods We enrolled eligible patients with sAD for dupilumab treatment from September 2018 to December 2020. We then selected the subgroup of patients sensitized to perennial allergens. Dupilumab's efficacy and safety on AD and comorbid asthma were assessed at baseline, one month, four months, and then every 4 months up to one year. Results A total of 437 patients with sAD were enrolled for dupilumab treatment due to sAD, and 273 reached 48 weeks of therapy. Respiratory outcomes were evaluated in the 85 asthmatic patients with positivity only to perennial allergens. Our patients showed statistically and clinically significant improvement in asthma control (Asthma Control Test and Asthma Control Questionnaire) and airway obstruction parameters (FEV1), in addition to the expected AD-related skin outcomes. Specifically, a significant improvement was achieved at the fourth month of dupilumab therapy, and this trend was maintained up to twelve months, regardless of asthma severity. Conclusions Our results showed the overall improvement of the clinical picture that dupilumab offers for patients with severe AD and persistent allergic asthma of any severity, highlighting the importance of a global multidisciplinary approach of type 2 driven disease.
Effects of Food Source Availability, Host Egg:Parasitoid Ratios, and Host Exposure Times on the Developmental Biology of Megacopta cribraria Egg Parasitoids

Simple Summary This research investigated the reproductive characteristics of two egg parasitoids, Paratelenomus saccharalis and Ooencyrtus nezarae, which target Megacoptera cribraria eggs. We evaluated the impact of different food sources, host egg-to-adult parasitoid ratios, and host exposure times on the number and sex ratio of the parasitoid offspring. The findings showed that a honey solution was the preferred dietary source for O. nezarae. Furthermore, a 21:7 host-to-parasitoid ratio yielded the highest and predominantly female offspring for both parasitoids; a host exposure time of three to five days optimized parasitism by O. nezarae, whereas a one-day exposure time optimized parasitism by or P. saccharalis. These findings contribute to our understanding of the biology of both newly discovered egg parasitoids. Abstract Parasitoids forage for hosts in dynamic ecosystems and generally have a short period of time to access hosts. The current study examined the optimal reproductive attributes of two egg parasitoids, Paratelenomus saccharalis Dodd (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), of the kudzu bug, Megacopta cribraria Fabricius (Hemiptera: Plataspidae). The proportion of O. nezarae and P. saccharalis adult offspring that emerged from M. cribraria eggs and the sex ratio of the parasitoid offspring were compared among treatments for the effects of different adult parasitoid food sources, host egg-to-adult parasitoid ratios, and host exposure times. Our results suggest that honey solution as a food source, a 21:7 host-to-parasitoid ratio, and three-to-five days of exposure time optimized the production of female O. nezarae offspring. For P. saccharalis, honey solution as a food source, a 21:7 host-to-parasitoid ratio, and one day were optimal for maximizing female offspring production. These findings provide new information about the biology of these egg parasitoids.
CCSD(T) Rotational Constants for Highly Challenging C5H2 Isomers—A Comparison between Theory and Experiment

We evaluate the accuracy of CCSD(T) and density functional theory (DFT) methods for the calculation of equilibrium rotational constants (Ae, Be, and Ce) for four experimentally detected low-lying C5H2 isomers (ethynylcyclopropenylidene (2), pentatetraenylidene (3), ethynylpropadienylidene (5), and 2-cyclopropen-1-ylidenethenylidene (8)). The calculated rotational constants are compared to semi-experimental rotational constants obtained by converting the vibrationally averaged experimental rotational constants (A0, B0, and C0) to equilibrium values by subtracting the vibrational contributions (calculated at the B3LYP/jun-cc-pVTZ level of the theory). The considered isomers are closed-shell carbenes, with cumulene, acetylene, or strained cyclopropene moieties, and are therefore highly challenging from an electronic structure point of view. We consider both frozen-core and all-electron CCSD(T) calculations, as well as a range of DFT methods. We find that calculating the equilibrium rotational constants of these C5H2 isomers is a difficult task, even at the CCSD(T) level. For example, at the all-electron CCSD(T)/cc-pwCVTZ level of the theory, we obtain percentage errors ≤0.4% (Ce of isomer 3, Be and Ce of isomer 5, and Be of isomer 8) and 0.9–1.5% (Be and Ce of isomer 2, Ae of isomer 5, and Ce of isomer 8), whereas for the Ae rotational constant of isomers 2 and 8 and Be rotational constant of isomer 3, high percentage errors above 3% are obtained. These results highlight the challenges associated with calculating accurate rotational constants for isomers with highly challenging electronic structures, which is further complicated by the need to convert vibrationally averaged experimental rotational constants to equilibrium values. We use our best CCSD(T) rotational constants (namely, ae-CCSD(T)/cc-pwCVTZ for isomers 2 and 5, and ae-CCSD(T)/cc-pCVQZ for isomers 3 and 8) to evaluate the performance of DFT methods across the rungs of Jacob’s Ladder. We find that the considered pure functionals (BLYP-D3BJ, PBE-D3BJ, and TPSS-D3BJ) perform significantly better than the global and range-separated hybrid functionals. The double-hybrid DSD-PBEP86-D3BJ method shows the best overall performance, with percentage errors below 0.5% in nearly all cases.
Estimating sediment yield from the Swift Creek landslide, Whatcom County, Washington State

iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . ix 1.0 INTRODUCTION . 1 2.0 BACKGROUND. 6 2.1 Swift Creek Watershed . 6 2.1. 2 Basin Characteristics . 6 2.1. 4 Stream Characteristics . 7 2.1. 1 Geology . 9 2.1. 3 Landslide Mechanics and Mineralogy . 9 2.2 Human Health Concerns . 12 2.2.1 Hazardous Material . 12 2.2.2 Flooding . 14 2.3 Regulations and Responsibilities . 15 2.3. 1 Mitigation plans . 15 2.4 Stream Monitoring . 16 2.4.1 Turbidity Threshold Sampling Background . 18 2.6 Modeling Background . 19 2.6. 1 DHSVM Background . 19 4.0 METHODS . 22 4.1 Stream Monitoring / Data Collection . 22 4.1. 1 Gauging Station Location and Equipment . 23 4.2 DHSVM . 25 4.2.1 DHSVM Streamflow Set Up . 25 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) . 25 Streamflow . 26 Soil Thickness . 26 Soil Type . 27
The nexus of community perception on turning idyllic Panchor town into a future river tourism destination

Abstract Panchor town on the Muar River would be ideal for river tourism due to its scenic beauty and peaceful atmosphere. In proposing the town as a future river tourism destination, this paper examines the relationship between residents’ perceptions of river-based tourism development and their attachment to the place, their intrinsic motivation and their knowledge of tourism. This study focuses on Panchor residents’ perceptions via a survey at a pre-tourism development stage. The data were then analyzed using SmartPLS 4. The findings indicate three factors were positively related and significantly influenced the residents’ perception of river-based tourism development with a high R-square value, indicating a more reliable and trustworthy result. The relevant authorities should consider getting the community aware of the potential benefits and sustainability of a tourism development plan through careful planning and evaluating the community’s needs and resources.
The Quest for Understanding Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Northern Province, Sri Lanka: An Analysis of Clinical Data From the District General Hospital, Vavuniya

Abstract The study aimed to examine the clinical and epidemiological patterns of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in patients attending the Dermatology Unit, District General Hospital in Vavuniya, Sri Lanka. A total of 77 patients clinically suspected for CL were interviewed through a structured questionnaire, and skin-lesion samples were obtained between January 2016 and January 2017. The definitive diagnosis of CL was made through microscopic identification of smears, histopathological examination of biopsies and kDNA PCR. Treatment modalities were chosen based on the location of the lesions on the body and complexity of the lesions. Of 77 suspected patients, 68 were confirmed for CL, with a mean age of 34.6 (±12.7) years, and included 54 males (79.4%) and 14 females (20.6%). Being a male was a significant risk factor (P = 0.032, OR = 4.82) associated with CL. Lesions were observed mainly on the exposed areas of the body, of which the forearm (22.1%) was the most commonly affected site. Single lesions (75.0%) and ulcerated nodules with central crust (39.7%) were the prominent features among the infected group. The age group of 21–40 years was significantly associated with healing lesions (P = 0.028, marginal effect = 0.55). However, a significant negative relationship was detected between ulcerated nodular lesions and lesion healing (P = 0.0436, marginal effect = −0.375). Males are at higher risk of CL. Early diagnosis and specific treatment, along with preventive measures such as protective clothing and sand fly repellents, can limit the spread of the disease. There is a need for a comprehensive approach to prevent and control the transmission of CL.
Prescribed Performance Control of Multiple Parametric Strict-Feedback Systems in the Presence of Unknown Control Directions

In this article, we study the problem of prescribed performance control (PPC) for multiple parametric strict-feedback (PSF) uncertain systems with unknown and nonidentical control directions. The designed distributed controller guarantees that the synchronization errors between followers and the leader are evolved within a prescribed range, meanwhile, states in the closed-loop system are bounded. Moreover, the results are independent of the initial values. In addition, by applying command-filtered technology, the complex derivation of virtual control in the traditional backstepping procedure is avoided, thus, the computational burden on each agent is greatly reduced. At the same time, the neighborhood information which is necessary for agent <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$i$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to construct its controller is minimized, i.e., only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x_{j1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x_{j2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are transmitted throughout the network. As a result, the communication burden of the network is reduced as well. Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Win Ratio: On Interpretation and Handling of Ties

Abstract To handle composite endpoints, the win ratio has been applied to data analysis and design of clinical trials. Its interpretation, however, is not always clear, and it could handle ties differently. We address these two aspects. First, we express the win ratio as a ratio of two proportions, namely, the proportion of patient-level comparisons in which the experimental treatment “wins” over the control divided by the proportion of “wins” for the control, taking into account the priority order of the components. This equivalent form, the ratio of proportions, can ease communication to clinical trial stakeholders—especially when the win proportions themselves are reported. We recommend such presentations. In some simple cases, we connect the win ratio to the odds ratio, the hazard ratio, the Mann–Whitney U, and the mean difference. In exploring the role of ties, we introduce the win odds, as an extension of the Mann–Whitney odds under the framework of prioritized pairwise comparisons. Finally, we discuss some practical aspects of the win ratio, including rules for defining winners (or losers) and ties, dependence on censoring, win ratio estimands, and benefit-risk assessments, as well as applications to two clinical studies.
Photoredox Coupling of CO2 Reduction with Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation over Ternary Metal Chalcogenides (ZnmIn2S3+m, m = 1–5) with Regulable Products Selectivity

Integrating photocatalytic CO2 reduction with selective benzyl alcohol (BA) oxidation in one photoredox reaction system is a promising way for the simultaneous utilization of photogenerated electrons and holes. Herein, ZnmIn2S3+m (m = 1–5) semiconductors (ZnIn2S4, Zn2In2S5, Zn3In2S6, Zn4In2S7, and Zn5In2S8) with various composition faults were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method and used for effective selective dehydrocoupling of benzyl alcohol into high-value C–C coupling products and reduction of CO2 into syngas under visible light. The absorption edge of ZnmIn2S3+m samples shifted to shorter wavelengths as the atomic ratio of Zn/In was increased. The conduction band and valence band position can be adjusted by changing the Zn/In ratio, resulting in controllable photoredox ability for selective BA oxidation and CO2 reduction. For example, the selectivity of benzaldehyde (BAD) product was reduced from 76% (ZnIn2S4, ZIS1) to 27% (Zn4In2S7, ZIS4), while the selectivity of hydrobenzoin (HB) was increased from 22% to 56%. Additionally, the H2 formation rate on ZIS1 (1.6 mmol/g/h) was 1.6 times higher than that of ZIS4 (1.0 mmol/g/h), and the CO formation rate on ZIS4 (0.32 mmol/g/h) was three times higher than that of ZIS1 (0.13 mmol/g/h), demonstrating that syngas with different H2/CO ratios can be obtained by controlling the Zn/In ratio in ZnmIn2S3+m. This study provides new insights into unveiling the relationship of structure–property of ZnmIn2S3+m layered crystals, which are valuable for implementation in a wide range of environment and energy applications.