Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies on increasing manganese nutrition effect of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) on differentiation of rhizosphere chemical composition

The aim of the conducted studies was to assess the effect of increasing Mn concentrations (within the range from 0.06 mg·dm-3 up to 19.2 mg·dm-3) on chemical composition of tomato rhizosphere (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cvs. ‘Alboney F1’ and ‘Emotion F1’) grown in rockwool. For plant fertigation was used nutrient solution with the following chemical composition (mg·dm-3): N-NH4 2.2, N-NO3 230, P 50, K 430, Ca 145, Mg 65, Cl 35, S-SO4 120, Fe 2.48, Zn 0.50, Cu 0.07, pH 5.50, EC 3.00 mS·cm -1. It was studied the following contents of manganese in nutrient solution (mg·dm-3): 0.06; 0.3; 0.6; 1.2 (experiment I, years 2008-2011); 2.4; 4.8; 9.6; 19.2 mg·dm-3 (experiment II, year 2012) – described as Mn-0; Mn-0.3; Mn-0.6; Mn-1.2; Mn-2.4; Mn-4.8; Mn-9.6; Mn-19.2. Increasing concentration of manganese applied in nutrient solution significantly changed the chemical composition of solution in slabs. Within range of manganese in nutrient solution up to 1.2 mg·dm-3 was found significantly increase content of: N-NO3, Ca, Mg, S-SO4, Zn (except Mn-1.2), Na, Cl, pH (alkalization) and EC with simultaneous decrease content of: K (except Mn-0), Fe, Mn. Changes of P-PO4 and Cu were multidirectional. Within range of manganese in nutrient solution from 2.4 to 19.2 mg·dm-3 was found significantly increase content of: Ca, Cu, Na, pH (alkalization) and EC (for ‘Emotion F1’) with simultaneous decrease content of: N-NO3, P-PO4, K, Fe, Mn. Changes of Mg, S-SO4, Zn, Cl and EC (for ‘Alboney F1’) were multidirectional.
Measuring intergenerational income mobility

This paper is written as part of a joint project of Statistics Netherlands (CBS) and the Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market (ROA Maastricht) on intergenerational income mobility, by order of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment (SZW). We would like to thank Frank Cörvers (ROA Maastricht) for his careful reading and valuable comments. Also, we owe gratitude to Charlotte Büchner and Rolf van der Velden (ROA) and Tanja Traag (CBS), as well as to the members of the expert group composed by SZW for the fruitful discussions we had during the project.
Determination of Short‐Term Icing and Frozen Storage Characteristics of Ungutted Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

Chemical changes (proximate composition and biogenic amines) and microbiological properties (mesophilic, Pseudomonas spp. and psychrotrophs) of ungutted silver carp during 2-day icing and 90-day frozen storage (−24C) were investigated. The moisture and protein contents decreased with time, while ash and lipid content increased in samples in the entire storage period (P < 0.05). Regardless of stable changes of chemical characteristics and bacterial loads during ice storage, during the first 30 days of frozen storage, stable changes of all amines and noticeable reduction of bacterial count were observed. As storage time progressed, all amines exhibited an increasing trend (P < 0.05), so that levels of putrescine, cadaverine, histamine and tyramine reached maximum levels of 23.39, 55.65, 27.58 and 8.69 μg/g, respectively, at the end of storage period. Meanwhile, continuous increases were observed for mesophilic and especially for psychrotrophic bacteria. The final values of histamine, tyramine, total biogenic amines and bacterial load of silver carp are below the maximal acceptable amounts based on available regulations. Practical Applications Because of problems related to the toxicity of biogenic amines and microbial load, it is necessary to investigate these changes in seafood. This study was undertaken in order to further evaluate the use of biogenic amines and bacterial load for quality assessment of fish. The results of this study show how biogenic amines and bacterial load of fish change during the transportation and storage practices. The results of the research can be advantageously used by fish industry for the establishment of guidelines such as “safe for consumption,” or “acceptance” for silver carp during storage practices in the retail condition.
The Effects of Pagination and Infinite Scrolling on Leisure Browsing

This experiment investigates the effect of webpage content displayed on discrete pages versus an infinitely scrolling page on users’ recollection of content and browsing satisfaction. To explore this effect, we had 21 participants view captioned images on one of two Tumblr blogs: one containing ten entries per page and the other presenting all of the entries on one page. We found no statistically significant difference between the paginated and infinite scrolling blogs for either browsing satisfaction or content recall; however, our experiment suffered from low statistical power because of the small number of participants. Our study provides a framework for other researchers to explore the relationship between page layout and web browsing user experience.
Mechanism of spironolactone-induced Ca2+ increase in rat testicular arteriole smooth muscle cells revealed by real-time laser scanning confocal microscopy

Summary. We reported previously that spironolactone (SPL) induced an increase in intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i) in rat testicular arteriole smooth muscle cells. In the present study, we further investigated the mechanism of SPL-induced [Ca 2+ ]i dynamics in rat arteriole smooth muscles. The increase in [Ca 2+ ]i induced by SPL (300 μM) was markedly inhibited in extracellular Ca 2+ -free conditions and in
Preparation of antibacterial poly(methyl methacrylate) by solution blending with water‐insoluble antibacterial agent poly[(tert‐buty1amino) ethyl methacrylate]

A simple and effective way was developed to prepare antibacterial poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) materials from commercial PMMA and synthesized poly[2-(tert-butylamino) ethyl methacrylate] (PTBAEMA) by solution blending and solvent evaporation methods. The chemical structure of as-synthesized PTBAEMA was characterized by FTIR and 1H-NMR, and the molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index was determined by Gel Permeation Chromatograph. The two components, that is, PMMA and PTBAEMA, were partially miscible and of regular domain size and shape as revealed by SEM observation. Antibacterial assay revealed PMMA/PTBAEMA blends inherited the good antibacterial activity of PTBAEMA against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, no matter whether the bacteria were waterborne or airborne. Besides, the antibacterial performance of PMMA/PTBAEMA blends depended on the Mw and dosage of PTBAEMA, and type of bacteria strain. Furthermore, it was proved that PMMA/PTBAEMA blends killed bacteria on direct contact without releasing active component, which sufficiently met the demand of developing environment-friendly antibacterial materials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Studies on the Constituents of Guang-Dou-Gen (the Root of Sophora subprostrata CHUN et T.CHEN). (5). Isolation of Two New Flavanones and Daidzein

Two new flavanones, I and VII, and daidzein were isolated from Guang-Dou-Gen (the root of Sophora subprostrata CHUN et T.CHEN). Fom the spectral data and comparison with sophoranochromene and its derivative, the structure of I was established as 2-[{3'-hydroxy-2', 2'-dimethyl-8'-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)} chroman-6'-yl]-7-hydroxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) chroman-4-one. The structure of VII was formulated from the spectral data and biogenetic speculation as 2-[{2'-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-7'-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2'3'-dihydrobenzofuran}-5'-yl]-7-hydroxy-8-(3-mehtyl-2-butenyl) chroman-4-one.
SIMULTANEOUS IDENTIFICATION OF 4-HYDROXY-2-HEXENAL AND 4-HYDROXY-2-NONENAL IN FOODS BY PRE-COLUMN FLUORIGENIC LABELING WITH 1,3-CYCLOHEXANEDIONE AND REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION

In this study, we developed a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorometric detection for the simultaneous quantitation of 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) in foods by using 1,3-cyclohexanedione reagent. This method provides good resolution and reproducibility. Chromatography is conducted with a gradient system using a mobile phase of methanol–water–tetrahydrofuran (75:25:1, v/v) (A) and acetonitrile (B). The gradient employed is 5% B to 25% B in 25 min; 25% B to 80% in 30 min; isocratic at 80% B in 40 min. The flow rate is 1.0 mL/min. Fluorescence detection is performed at an exciting wavelength of 385 nm and an emission wavelength of 450 nm. The calibration curves for HHE and HNE concentrations are linear from 0.08 to 14 and 0.08 to 5.2 µmol/mL, respectively. The limits of detection and quantitation for HHE are 27 and 160 nmol/mL and those for HNE are 30 and 149 nmol/mL, respectively. Validation data show that the assay is sensitive, specific, accurate, and reproducible for the simultaneous quantitation of HHE and HNE. This rapid method is, therefore, appropriate for quantitating HHE and HNE in fatty foods such as fish and animal meats.
Influence of non-ionic polymers on solvent properties of water as detected by studies of acid–base equilibria of sulphonephthalein and fluorescein dyes

Acid–base equilibria of sulphonephthalein dyes, fluorescein and eosin, in aqueous solutions of several non-ionic polymers containing 0.01 or 0.05 mol dm–3 buffers have been studied as functions of the polymer concentration and the initial paOH of the buffer. Spectrophotometric and potentiometric data show that the paH in the polymer solution depends on the initial paOH of the buffer and on the type and concentration of polymer present in the solution.The general trend observed in aqueous solutions containing 0.01 mol dm–3 universal buffer was that for paOH 7.5 the polymers decrease the basicity of the aqueous medium. The effects may be viewed as a shift of paH of the aqueous medium towards 7.0, the effect increasing with distance from 7.0. The results of studying acid–base and tautomeric equilibria of fluorescein and eosin in polymer solutions show that the equilibrium constants for the dyes change in reference to pure water. The changes determined are similar to those observed for the dyes in water–organic solvent mixtures.The acid–base equilibria of the dyes in the aqueous polymer solutions examined appear to change owing to polymer effects on the structure and/or state of water, leading to changes in the hydration and thermodynamic activity of both H+ and OH– ions. This view is supported by the data obtained in the study of solvatochromic effects of sulphonephthalein dyes in polymer solutions. The results obtained support the earlier suggestion that aqueous polymer solutions behave as water-like liquids of varied solvent properties.
Metal-Ligand Multiple Bonds

Oxides may be the most common multiply-bonded ligand. In biology, attention has turned to the role of iron and copper oxides as active intermediates in a variety of enzymes that use molecular oxygen to oxidize substrates. The most notable example is cytochrome P450, a ubiquitous class of oxidizing agents found in most organisms. In humans, cytochrome P450 is found in a variety of tissues, incorporating oxygen atoms into small molecules for a plethora of reasons. One interesting use of cytochrome P450 is as a detoxifying agent in the liver, where it converts C-H bonds in fat-soluble compounds into C-OH groups (alcohols), which can then be excreted via the kidneys and urinary system. The active intermediate involved in breaking the C-H bond appears to be a terminal iron oxide, Fe=O.
Ação antioxidante de chás e condimentos de grande consumo no Brasil

Antioxidants are compounds that remove free-radicals or minimize their availability to generate oxidative stress. Teas are popular beverages providing a significant source of phenolic compounds, important components of the human diet due to their antioxidant properties. The present work had the objective of evaluate the antioxidant action of teas and seasonings more consumed in Brazil. The analysed teas were from the plants: Pneumus boldus Mold. , Matricaria recutita L. , Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf, Baccharis trimera (Less.) DC, Camelia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze (fermented), Camelia sinensis (not-fermented), Lippia alba N.E. Brown, Mentha arvensis L. and Pyrus malus L. The studied seasonings were: Eugenia aromatica Baill, Cinnamonum zeylanicum Blume, Laurus nobilis L. and Origanum vulgare L. The antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH free radical scavenging method. All analysed samples demonstrated antioxidant activities. Camelia sinensis (not-fermented) (IC50= 0.14 mg/mL), was the most active and active principles are epicalocatechins. The stronger antioxidant seasonings were Cinnamonum zeylanicum (IC50 = 0.37 mg/mL), Eugenia aromatica Baill (IC50= 0.46 mg/ mL and Laurus nobilis (IC50 = 0.76 mg/mL), which presented as main antioxidant component eugenol.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

We advance a questions-as-information approach to the study of the consequences of asking questions for leader effectiveness. We contend that questions go beyond their instrumental purpose to convey information about the asker’s lack of competence and high humility, and thus inform possible doubts about the leader, producing competence penalties and humility premiums. In Study 1, we find that most practitioners do not ask questions at every opportunity and many do not endorse questions as a way of looking competent, especially if competence is in doubt. In Studies 2–5, we shed light on both the competence and humility repercussions of questioning. We find that competence penalties occur when leader competence is in doubt ex ante, but humility premiums are pervasive. Humility premiums affect leader helping and trust positively and buffer the negative effects of competence penalties. We discuss the implications of our findings for leadership, communication, and decision making in organizations.
The detailed mechanism of the OH-initiated atmospheric oxidation of α-pinene: a theoretical study

A detailed mechanism is developed for the OH-initiated atmospheric oxidation of α-pinene in the presence of NOx, based solely on quantitative structure–activity relationships and on theoretical quantum chemistry methods, combined with transition state theory calculations or RRKM master equation analyses. Thus, on objective theoretical grounds, the fate of some 40 organic (oxy) radical intermediates is predicted. Addition of OH onto the monoterpene double bond accounts for ∼90% of the reaction and leads to chemically activated P1OH† (∼44%) and P2OH† (∼44%) radicals. The subsequent chemistry of these radicals is described, and the quantitative importance of the pathways leading to first-generation products such as pinonaldehyde, acetone, formaldehyde, formic acid and nitrates is discussed. H-atom abstraction by OH from α-pinene is a minor route (∼12%) but contributes importantly to the overall yield of formaldehyde. Total product yields are obtained by propagating the product fractions of each step in the mechanism. Overall predicted product yields for the usual conditions of laboratory experiments are, on a molar basis: 35.7% pinonaldehyde, 18.8% formaldehyde, 19% organic nitrates, 17.9% acetone, 25.9% other (hydroxy)carbonyls, 17.2% C1 and C2 carboxylic acids and 30.7% CO2, in general agreement with measured yields. For the much lower NO levels of real atmospheric conditions, on the other hand, our theoretically predicted yields differ significantly: 59.5% pinonaldehyde, 12.6% formaldehyde, 13.1% organic nitrates, 11.9% acetone, 16.4% other (hydroxy)carbonyls, 8.7% CO2 and a negligible fraction of C1 and C2 carboxylic acids. Some specific effects relating to the hyperconjugation-stabilization of terpene-derived (bi)cyclic radicals are discussed.
From polypeptide sequences to structures using Monte Carlo simulations and an optimized potential

The ab initio prediction of the structure of a polypeptide from its sequence necessarily requires the detection of the lowest energy forms which correspond to the native state of the polypeptide. A potential for modeling the energy hypersurface of polypeptides using a hybrid level of description is optimized for the structures of four training peptides which have been shown experimentally to adopt α, ββ, αβ, and ββα conformations in aqueous solution. This potential is then used in diffusion process-controlled Monte Carlo simulations to predict the native structures of this training set of peptides and a test set of 20 peptides which were not themselves used during the optimization of the potential. Starting from various fully extended conformations, all simulations lead to an ensemble of conformations compatible with experimental results. These conformations include simple motifs such as coil, α helix, β-turn, β-hairpin, βα, and coil-α conformations, but also more complex motifs such as turnlike, ββα, βββ, and α-helical hairpin conformations.The ab initio prediction of the structure of a polypeptide from its sequence necessarily requires the detection of the lowest energy forms which correspond to the native state of the polypeptide. A potential for modeling the energy hypersurface of polypeptides using a hybrid level of description is optimized for the structures of four training peptides which have been shown experimentally to adopt α, ββ, αβ, and ββα conformations in aqueous solution. This potential is then used in diffusion process-controlled Monte Carlo simulations to predict the native structures of this training set of peptides and a test set of 20 peptides which were not themselves used during the optimization of the potential. Starting from various fully extended conformations, all simulations lead to an ensemble of conformations compatible with experimental results. These conformations include simple motifs such as coil, α helix, β-turn, β-hairpin, βα, and coil-α conformations, but also more complex motifs such as turnlike, ββα, βββ.
Development of techniques for tagging precursor and essential chemicals

The ability to identify the manufacturers and distributors of chemicals seized in raids of illicit drug labs would be of great value in controlling the diversion of these chemicals. We developed a tagging scheme based on the addition of sub-ppM concentrations of various combinations of rare-earth elements to the target chemicals and evaluated a number of techniques for detecting the tags. We developed soluble tags for tagging liquids and selected Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) as the preferred detection technique. We developed insoluble tags for tagging solids and developed methods to analyze them and mix them into solid precursors. We have successfully demonstrated the tagging of several solvents and two of the precursor chemicals used in one of the most popular clandestine methamphetamine syntheses (ephedrine reacting with hydriodic acid/red phosphorus). The tagging scheme is capable of yielding tens of thousands of signatures (using holmium as an internal standard and up to 9 rare-earths at up to 3 concentrations yields 3{sup 9} {minus} 1 = 19,682 signatures) and is applicable to most of the chemicals on the precursor and essential chemicals list. In the concentrations employed, the tags are safe enough to be added to pharmaceuticals and cheap enough to tagmore » tanker loads of chemicals. « less
G Protein-Coupled Receptors-Induced Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase (ERK) and Sodium-Proton Exchanger Type 1 (NHE1)

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large family of cell-surface molecules, involved in signal transmission, accounting for >2% of the total genes encoded by the human genome. GPCRs have been linked to key physiological functions, including immune responses, cardiacand smooth-muscle contraction and blood pressure regulation, neurotransmission, hormone and enzyme release from endocrine and exocrine glands. Thus, GPCRs contribute to embryogenesis, tissue remodelling and repair, inflammation, angiogenesis and normal cell growth. Their dysfunction contributes to multiple human diseases, and GPCRs represent the target of over 50% of all current therapeutic agents (Reviewed by Pierce et al., 2002). In addition, recent studies indicate that many GPCRs are overexpressed in various cancer types, and contribute to tumor cell growth when activated by circulating or locally produced ligands, suggesting a crucial role of GPCRs in cancer progression and metastasis. For example, many potent mitogens such as thrombin, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), endothelin and prostaglandins stimulate cell proliferation by acting on their cognate GPCRs in various cell types. (Reviewed by Dorsam & Gutkind, 2007). The mechanisms that control cellular proliferation are important in normal physiology and disease states. Multiple mitogens that activate GPCRs stimulate the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and lead to proliferation of mammalian cells. Another extensively studied mitogenic effector pathway in addition to ERK that ultimately leads to cell proliferation, is the ubiquitous plasma membrane sodium-proton exchanger type 1 (NHE1). NHE1 and ERK have both been implicated as key mediators of growth signals (Noel & Pouyssegur, 1995; Rozengurt, 1986; Kapus et al, 1994; Krump et al, 1997), therefore the regulatory relationships between NHE1 and ERK have been the subject of a number of studies over the last decade. Because both proteins can serve mitogenic functions, and because both are activated by similar stimuli, it has been hypothesized that
ESTOQUE E FRAÇÕES DA MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA DE LATOSSOLO CULTIVADO COM CAFEEIRO EM DIFERENTES ESPAÇAMENTOS DE PLANTIO

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of coffee planting spacing on soil carbon and nitrogen storage and on the contents and distribution of organic matter fractions (light and heavy) of a dystroferric Red Latosol (Oxisol). An experiment installed 11 years ago on an experimental farm of EPAMIG in Machado (Minas Gerais State, Brazil) was evaluated. The treatments consisted of the combination of four spacings between rows (2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 m) with three spacings between plants (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 m). As reference, soil samples were also colleted in a native forest area adjacent to the experiment. For the evaluation of organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) storage and density fractions of organic matter, soil samples were collected in-between rows (IR) and in the coffee canopy projection (CP). Organic C stocks and C-light fraction contents measured in-between coffee rows are equal to or higher than those verified in the coffee canopy projection. The coffee plant area and stand, and the distance between coffee trees and planting rows had no influence on the soil OC and TN stocks or the other analyzed fractions of soil organic matter.