Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bernstein and half-space properties for minimal graphs under Ricci lower bounds

In this paper, we prove a new gradient estimate for minimal graphs defined on domains of a complete manifold with Ricci curvature bounded from below. In particular, we show that positive, entire minimal graphs on manifolds with non-negative Ricci curvature are constant, and that complete, parabolic manifolds with Ricci curvature bounded from below have the half-space property. We avoid the need of sectional curvature bounds on $M$ by exploiting a form of the Ahlfors-Khas'minskii duality in nonlinear potential theory.
SecureGBM: Secure Multi-Party Gradient Boosting

Federated machine learning systems have been widely used to facilitate the joint data analytics across the distributed datasets owned by the different parties that do not trust each others. In this paper, we proposed a novel Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM) framework SecureGBM built-up with a multi-party computation model based on semi-homomorphic encryption, where every involved party can jointly obtain a shared Gradient Boosting machines model while protecting their own data from the potential privacy leakage and inferential identification. More specific, our work focused on a specific “dualparty” secure learning scenario based on two parties — both party own an unique view (i.e., attributes or features) to the sample group of samples while only one party owns the labels. In such scenario, feature and label data are not allowed to share with others.To achieve the above goal, we firstly extent — LightGBM — a well known implementation of tree-based GBM through covering its key operations for training and inference with SEAL homomorphic encryption schemes. However, the performance of such re-implementation is significantly bottle-necked by the explosive inflation of the communication payloads, based on ciphertexts subject to the increasing length of plaintexts. In this way, we then proposed to use stochastic approximation techniques to reduced the communication payloads while accelerating the overall training procedure in a statistical manner. Our experiments using the real-world data showed that SecureGBM can well secure the communication and computation of LightGBM training and inference procedures for the both parties while only losing less than 3% AUC, using the same number of iterations for gradient boosting, on a wide range of benchmark datasets. More specific, compared to LightGBM, the proposed SecureGBM would slowdown with $3\mathrm{x} \sim 64\mathrm{x}$ time consumption per iteration in the training procedure, while SecureGBM becomes more and more efficient when the scale of the training dataset increases (i.e., the larger training set, the lower slowdown ratio).
Spike and slab Pólya tree posterior densities: Adaptive inference

Abstract: In the density estimation model, the question of adaptive inference using Pólya tree–type prior distributions is considered. A class of prior densities having a tree structure, called spike–and–slab Pólya trees, is introduced. For this class, two types of results are obtained: first, the Bayesian posterior distribution is shown to converge at the minimax rate for the supremum norm in an adaptive way, for any Hölder regularity of the true density between 0 and 1, thereby providing adaptive counterparts to the results for classical Pólya trees in [5]. Second, the question of uncertainty quantification is considered. An adaptive nonparametric Bernstein– von Mises theorem is derived. Next, it is shown that, under a self-similarity condition on the true density, certain credible sets from the posterior distribution are adaptive confidence bands, having prescribed coverage level and with a diameter shrinking at optimal rate in the minimax sense.
Immunopathogenesis, prevention and control of Bovine viral diarrhea virus

ii Acknowledgments. v List of Abbreviations . vii List of Tables . x List of Figures . xii I. Literature review . 1 1. History of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus . 1 2. Classification and molecular biology . 3 3. Transmission . 13 4. Viral Pathogenesis . 17 5. Diagnosis. 47 6. Vaccination . 59 7. Antiviral treatment . 74 II. Evaluation of the onset of protection induced by a modified-live virus vaccine in calves challenge inoculated with type 1b bovine viral diarrhea virus . 75 Abstract . 75
Primary sclerosing cholangitis.

: Primary sclerosing cholangitis is now being recognized as the underlying cause of liver disease with increasing frequency. This is due to the widespread use of cholangiography especially endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Hepatic histology shows a spectrum of changes and is diagnostic in only a minority of patients. Several distinct clinical presentations of primary sclerosing cholangitis are now recognized. While most patients present with a cholestatic illness and acute cholangitis, a proportion simulate chronic active hepatitis, cryptogenic cirrhosis or primary biliary cirrhosis. Some patients are entirely asymptomatic. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (predominantly ulcerative colitis) and a variety of fibrosing diseases. Approximately 3 percent of patients with ulcerative colitis develop primary sclerosing cholangitis. The prognosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis is variable; it can no longer be regarded as an invariably progressive cholestatic disease. Patients may remain asymptomatic or enjoy remissions lasting many years. Treatment for the disease remains unsatisfactory despite attempts with numerous medical and surgical measures.
High levels of preoperative and postoperative N terminal B-type natriuretic propeptide influence mortality and cardiovascular complications after noncardiac surgery: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND Major noncardiac surgery is associated with a 5% incidence of serious cardiovascular complications and with a 1 to 2% probability of death from cardiac causes. Over the last few decades, researchers have assessed the perioperative predictive power of several risk indices. Research is currently focused on the evaluation of biomarkers. OBJECTIVES The objective was to determine the incidence of high serum levels of N terminal B-type natriuretic propeptide (NT-proBNP) before and after surgery in adults undergoing elective major noncardiac procedures and to evaluate its relationship with mortality and cardiovascular complications occurring up to 30 days after surgery. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Enrolment was undertaken at a university hospital from October 2011 to July 2013. PATIENTS A total of 304 adults with cardiovascular risk factors who underwent noncardiac elective surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The relationship between preoperative and postoperative NT-proBNP serum levels and the emergence of cardiovascular complications, including all-cause mortality, during the first 30 days after surgery. RESULTS The incidence of cardiovascular complications was 7.8% (n = 25), and the mortality rate was 4.3% (n = 13). Higher-than-normal NT-proBNP serum levels were found before surgery in 48.4% (n = 147) and after surgery in 50.7% (n = 154) of patients. The variables found to be independent predictors of cardiovascular complications, including all-cause 30-day mortality, were levels of NT-proBNP more than 300 pg ml before surgery and levels more than 1000 pg ml both before and after surgery. CONCLUSION High levels of preoperative and postoperative NT-proBNP are predictors of cardiovascular complications, including all-cause mortality, during the first 30 days after noncardiac surgery in adults with cardiovascular risk factors.
Health Care Assistants in Home Nursing

What are the experiences of home health care workers with regard to the delegation of nursing activities, the supervision of health care assistants (HCAs), and the impact of these changes on the work of home nurses (HNs). In-depth interviews were performed with 12 HNs, 12 HCAs, and eight managers in home nursing. HCAs take care of a less care dependent patient population, allowing the HNs to spend more time on more complex, technical nursing care. However, the analysis revealed some barriers, such as a knowledge gap and insecurity felt by HCAs leading to unnecessary patient visits by HNs, unfamiliarity of HNs with the role of delegating activities and supervising HCAs, and poor face-to-face communication between HNs and HCAs.
PENGARUH NILAI EKONOMI PEKERJAAN IBU RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN KELUARGA SUBYEKTIF

The analysis of the economic value of wives’ household productions is less likely to be paid attention. The aims of this study were to measure the economic value of wives’ household productions and the factors that affected the economic value of household productions and family subjective quality of life. The study was conducted at Hambaro Village, Sub-District of Nanggung, Bogor that was chosen purposively, in April to August 2008, by using cross sectional study design. The samples were 110 housewives. Results showed that the average of economic value of household productions done by housewives was around Rp 6.223,00 daily. It was found that most of families were categorized as poor families both from an income approach and from an expenditure approach. The results also showed that mothers tend to allocate their time longer for her female than male child under five years old (for caring and parenting), thus, the economic value of household productions for parenting domestic activities was higher for female than male child. Moreover, the economic value was lower with the increased of child age, however, the value was higher with the higher the numbers of child under five years old. The results also showed that there were positive effects of numbers of family members, the length of husband’s education, wife’s age, the child’s age, expenditure/capita/month and the economic value of household productions for maintaining home activities toward the family subjective quality of life. Lastly, there was a negative effect of husband’s age towards the family subjective quality of life.
Ectopic pregnancy: a diagnostic dilemma -

Background: To study the etiology, varied clinical presentations and misdiagnosis in ectopic pregnancy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all operated ectopic pregnancies over a 7 year period at Government Medical College & hospital, Chandigarh was done. Details of clinical findings and misdiagnosis were noted. Surgically confirmed cases were included in this study. Expectant management and Medical management cases were excluded in this study. Results: Two hundred eighty two cases of ectopic gestation were analyzed. Identifiable risk factor present in 221 cases (78.3%). Pain was the commonest presenting symptom and 78 cases (27%) were misdiagnosed before the correct diagnosis was made by our department. Conclusions: Ectopic pregnancy can have varied presentations and misdiagnosis can be seen in Surgical, Medical and Gynaecology Departments. A young female with amenorrhea, pain abdomen with or without vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy must be kept in mind. Early diagnosis would help early intervention and thus reduce the morbidity.
Inadequacies and variations of maternity leave policies throughout the world: special focus on Bangladesh

There has been a dramatic increase in the representation of women in the workforce in Bangladesh and throughout the world. However, women face major hurdles in most parts of the world in their advancement in organizations as maternity leave and other benefits such as on site creche or flextime are still not provided as per requirements. Thus women are falling behind in their careers throughout the world. There are also wide disparities in the benefits women get legally in different parts of the world. This review paper seeks to collect the answers to many questions about maternity leave heretofore largely un-addressed.
Herbal Drug Development from Traditional Formulations: Refocusing Pharmaceutics and Posology for Accelerated Validation

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that the toxicity data of a traditional medicine (TM) product that has been in use for 20 years or more without untoward effects should be determined, as the first step in its research and development Review Article British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4(12): 1451-1476, 2014 1452 (R&D). Such data in conjunction with efficacy data would be used to develop an appropriate dosage form of the product. A key objective in researching such a product is to validate the basis of the therapy, including the formula. Such validation, and any attempt to modernize the product, should be guided by an understanding of the traditional know-how. The Nigerian National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) utilized this approach in developing Niprisan, an antisickling drug, based on a TM product used since antiquity in Yoruba Medicine. Aim: This article aimed to advocate the continuance and improvement of the WHO model of herbal drug research and regulation (HDRR) as the most logical approach for adoption by researchers and regulators. Methodology: NIPRD’s adoption of the WHO model since 1989 was reviewed in parallel with trends in herbal drug research worldwide; and within the contexts of regulatory practices by Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) and the European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA), with a view to identifying more effective strategies within the WHO paradigm for HDRR. Conclusion: Drug regulatory agencies (DRAs) like NAFDAC require effective laws, policies and quality management systems (QMS) to execute their mandates effectively. On the other hand, NIPRD’s output depends upon proper actions by a seasoned and responsive DRA. Therefore, noting that NIPRD and NAFDAC were both created by military decrees in 1989 and 1992 respectively, rather than by parliament acts, it is recommended that in addition to instituting more effective laws and policies to regulate NAFDAC, both NIPRD and NAFDAC need to adopt and implement suitable QMS for self-regulation, eg: ISO 9001 for whole organizations; and ISO/IEC 17250 for the laboratories.
The role of lipid abnormalities in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy

The incidence of mortality from cardiovascular disease is higher in diabetic patients. Since a significant percentage of the general population is affected by diabetes and a large proportion of the diabetic population suffers from resultant cardiovascular problems, knowledge of the underlying causes and eventual application of the knowledge towards treatment is important. Although a large number of animal models for studying the myocardial problems associated with diabetes are available, the pathogenesis of cardiovascular problems remains relatively obscure. Alterations in sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, contractile proteins and mitochondria have been implicated in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the metabolic basis of these myocardial effects is unclear. We therefore investigated these metabolic changes in diabetic rat models. Streptozotocin (STZ) is a broad spectrum antibiotic present in isolates from cultures of streptomyces achromogenes. It induces selective pancreatic beta-cell destruction and diabetes in a number of animal species. Diabetes induced by STZ produced hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, polyphagia and polyuria. Six weeks after STZ treatment, hearts from untreated diabetic animals exhibited depressed left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and + /dP/dt compared with control animals. All of these symptoms are similar to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). However, it could be argued that the cardiac abnormalities observed in animals with STZ-induced diabetes could be due to the direct cardiotoxic effect of the drug or factors not related to the diabetic state. Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca^ + -uptake and heart function were hence examined in the BB rat, a strain in which diabetes occurs spontaneously and has been argued to closely resemble insulin-dependent diabetes in humans. Complete insulin withdrawal for 2 or 4 days from BB diabetic rats leads to a spectrum of metabolic derangements including a
Improving livelihood security of rural women through Rajasree backyard poultry farming

A total number of 1890 day old Rajasree chicks were reared in deep litter system up to 9 weeks of age under standard managemental conditions. At 9 weeks 1800 grownup chicks were distributed to 60 women beneficiaries in four villages at the rate of 20 F+10 M per each beneficiary and reared semi-scavenging conditions with supplement grain feeding. The male and female average body weights and FCR at 9th week were 640 g and 540 g and 3.18 and 3.70, respectively. At the end of 20th weeks the bodyweight were 1160.6 g and 1006.9 g, in male and female, respectively under backyard farming. During layer stage, the average age at first egg and 50% egg production in the backyard condition was 179 days and 206 days, respectively. The mean body weight at 52weeks was 1510 g and 2011g in females and males, respectively. The average total egg production per unit was 1520 with an average egg weight of 52 g. The peak mean hen day egg production was 60.98% at 46 weeks of age. The average mortality during the study period was 14.99% and 12.33%, respectively in females and males.
Using a national dataset to explore sub-groups in Irish immersion education

National longitudinal datasets offer opportunities to explore sub-samples of immersion pupils. Here, the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) dataset is used to examine a sample (n = 569) of 9-year-olds attending Irish immersion schools, comparing immersion pupils whose families speak at least some target language (Irish) at home (n = 264), with those from English-only homes (n = 305), as well as mainstream school pupils from English-only homes (n = 6,704). The groups are compared on SES, home literacy activities, academic achievement, and attitudes both to school and to Irish. Children in Irish immersion are more likely to be in higher SES households with more home literacy activities, and these advantages appear further amplified among households where some Irish is spoken. It was socioeconomic and home literacy variables which significantly predicted scores in English vocabulary and mathematics, rather than home language or school programme. In attitudes, while Irish immersion pupils were somewhat less likely to look forward to school than mainstream pupils, they had much more positive attitudes toward Irish than them.
Histological Survey of the Effect of Granulocyte-colony-stimulating Factor(G-CSF) on Bacterial Translocation and Wound Healing in Burned Mice

Background: Burn wound is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Improving the host's immune system and removing the infection can be effective in healing wounds caused by burns. Granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulates both the bone marrow to produce granulocytes and the function of neutrophil precursors. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of G-CSF on removing infection and healing wound. Materials and Methods: A burn model was used to induce burns in 18 adult Balb/c mice, and their wounds were infected by Acinetobacter baumannii strains. Burned mice were divided into two groups (control and G-CSF) and treated daily by subcutaneous injections of normal saline (0.1 mL) and G-CSF (10 μg/kg). The wound healing process was evaluated by the morphological and histological assessments. Results: In morphological assay, the mean size of the wounds in the 3rd and 7th days of the treatment was significantly lower in the G-CSF treated group compared to the control group. Some of the histological parameters were evaluated, including the level of inflammation, re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, collagen deposition, the amount of granulation tissue, and fibroblast maturation. The results showed that inflammation was reduced in the G-CSF-treated group, and re-epithelialization and collagen deposition were increased insignificantly compared to the normal saline-treated group. Furthermore, bacterial translocation was reduced significantly in the G-CSF-treated group. Conclusion: G-CSF enhances wound closure and helps in wound healing by improving the immune system. It has also an anti-inflammatory role and reduces bacterial translocation.
Anal Dysplasia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men With Sexually Acquired Early Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk of anorectal infection with high-risk human papillomavirus and subsequent high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), the putative precursor to anal cancer. Recently, an epidemic of sexually transmitted hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged that shares this anorectal route of transmission. We hypothesized that the prevalence of anal HSIL would be high in HIV-infected MSM with sexually acquired early HCV infection. Methods High-resolution anoscopy (HRA) findings from a cohort of HIV-infected MSM with sexually acquired early HCV infection were compared with HRA findings from a contemporary cohort of HIV-infected MSM without HCV infection who underwent HRA due to abnormal anal cytology found during routine screening. Results Sixty HIV-infected MSM with sexually acquired early HCV infection and the comparator group of 1150 HIV-infected MSM with abnormal anal cytology but without HCV underwent HRA. The HIV-infected MSM with sexually acquired early HCV had higher CD4 counts compared with the comparator group (656 and 541 cells/μL, respectively; P = .02). Despite this, the prevalence of anal dysplasia was as high among MSM with early HCV as in the comparator group of MSM with abnormal cytology (47 [78%] and 941 [82%], respectively; P = .50), as was the proportion with HSIL (25 [42%] and 379 [33%], respectively; P = .17). Conclusions The prevalence of anal dysplasia in HIV-infected MSM with sexually acquired early HCV infection was as high as that of HIV-infected MSM with abnormal anal cytology. These findings suggest that primary screening with HRA may be warranted for HIV-infected MSM with early HCV.
The ABO Blood Group is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Patients with Ovarian Cancer

Previous studies have suggested a relationship between ABO blood group and clinical outcome of various cancers. Nevertheless, little is known about the association between ABO blood group and survival in patients with ovarian carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of ABO blood group in patients with ovarian carcinoma. 941 patients who were newly diagnosed with ovarian carcinoma between February 2007 and February 2016 were enrolled in the present study. The relationship between ABO blood type and clinical features in patients with ovarian cancer was analyzed using chi-square tests. Overall survival (OS) stratified by B antigen was evaluated using log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier method. Presence of the B antigen (B/AB) had a worse OS than those in the absence of the B antigen (A/O) in all patients with ovarian cancer, especially in patients with FIGO stage I, IV, and menopause. Presence of the B antigen (B/AB) was significantly correlated with OS than those with non-B antigen (A/O) (hazard ratios 1.342; 95% confidence interval 1.069-1.685; P=0.011). Multivariate analyses revealed that presence of the B antigen (B/AB) was independently associated with OS (hazard ratios 1.532; 95% confidence interval 1.111-2.112; P=0.009). This study indicated that presence of the B antigen (B/AB) was an unfavorable prognostic factor in ovarian carcinoma, especially in patients with FIGO stage I, IV, and menopause.