Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calculation of bioavailable and free testosterone in men: a comparison of 5 published algorithms.

BACKGROUND Estimation of serum concentrations of free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone (bioT) by calculation is an inexpensive and uncomplicated method. We compared results obtained with 5 different algorithms. METHODS We used 5 different published algorithms [described by Sodergard et al. (bioTS and FTS), Vermeulen et al. (bioTV and FTV), Emadi-Konjin et al. (bioTE), Morris et al. (bioTM), and Ly et al. (FTL)] to estimate bioT and FT concentrations in samples obtained from 399 independently living men (ages 40-80 years) participating in a cross-sectional, single-center study. RESULTS Mean bioT was highest for bioTS (10.4 nmol/L) and lowest for bioT(E) (3.87 nmol/L). Mean FT was highest for FTS (0.41 nmol/L), followed by FTV (0.35 nmol/L), and FTL (0.29 nmol/L). For bioT concentrations, the Pearson correlation coefficient was highest for the association between bioTS and bioTV (r = 0.98) and lowest between bioTM and bioTE (r = 0.66). FTL was significantly associated with both FTS (r = 0.96) and FTV (r = 0.88). The Pearson correlation coefficient for the association between FTL and bioTM almost reached 1.0. Bland-Altman analysis showed large differences between the results of different algorithms. BioTM, bioTE, bioTV, and FTL were all significantly associated with sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations. CONCLUSION Algorithms to calculate FT and bioT must be revalidated in the local setting, otherwise over- or underestimation of FT and bioT concentrations can occur. Additionally, confounding of the results by SHBG concentrations may be introduced.
Distributed ray tracing

Ray tracing is one of the most elegant techniques in computer graphics. Many phenomena that are difficult or impossible with other techniques are simple with ray tracing, including shadows, reflections, and refracted light. Ray directions, however, have been determined precisely, and this has limited the capabilities of ray tracing. By distributing the directions of the rays according to the analytic function they sample, ray tracing can incorporate fuzzy phenomena. This provides correct and easy solutions to some previously unsolved or partially solved problems, including motion blur, depth of field, penumbras, translucency, and fuzzy reflections. Motion blur and depth of field calculations can be integrated with the visible surface calculations, avoiding the problems found in previous methods.
Genetic Soundtracks: Creative Matching of Audio to Video

The matching of the soundtrack in a movie or a video can have an enormous influence in the message being con- veyed and its impact, in the sense of involvement and engagement, and ultimately in their aesthetic and entertainment qualities. Art is often associated with creativity, implying the presence of inspiration, originality and appropriateness. Evolutionary systems provides us with the novelty, showing us new and subtly different solutions in every generation, possibly stimulating the creativity of the human using the system. In this paper, we present Genetic Soundtracks, an evolutionary approach to the creative matching of audio to a video. It analyzes both media to extract features based on their content, and adopts genetic algorithms, with the purpose of truncating, combining and adjusting audio clips, to align and match them with the video scenes. Index Terms— Genetic algorithms, multimedia, entertainment, feature extraction, audio & video signal processing, video editing
The ROS-generating oxidase Nox1 is required for epithelial restitution following colitis

Accumulating evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by endogenous metabolic enzymes are involved in a variety of intracellular mechanisms. In particular, superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase (Nox) 1 is highly expressed in the colon and has been implicated in physiological and pathophysiological states of colon tissues. However, its role in tissue repair following colitis has not been fully elucidated. Our study using experimental colitis in mice showed that repair of the mucosal layer did not occur in Nox1-deficient mice following dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. This was accompanied by inhibition of proliferation, cell survival, migration, and terminal differentiation (generation of goblet cells) of crypt progenitor cells, as determined by histochemical analyses. Furthermore, Nox1 expression as well as ROS production in the colon crypt was increased during the repair process, and Nox1 deficiency suppressed these events. The results suggest that Nox1 promotes colon mucosal wound repair by sustaining the bioactivity of crypt progenitor cells and plays a crucial role in the epithelial restitution in the case of damage associated with colitis.
Influence of protein transduction domains on intracellular delivery of macromolecules

As the plasma membrane and blood–brain barrier selectively restrict the entry of most compounds into cells to < 500 Da, delivering macromolecules into cells was, until recently, little more than a goal. However, with significant effort to capitalise on therapeutic targets available in the post-genomic era, novel approaches for delivering therapeutic macromolecules are being rapidly developed. The discovery of small cationic peptides, termed peptide/protein transduction domains or cell-penetrating peptides, which cross biological membranes, has emerged as a venerable Trojan horse to transport large, biologically active molecules, such as peptides, proteins and oligonucleotides, into mammalian cells in vitro, as well as in preclinical models and clinical trials in vivo. This review discusses the implications of peptide/protein transduction domain-mediated delivery of macromolecules and their possible uses as important primary drug delivery agents.
Acoustic Model of the Remnant Bubble Cloud from Underwater Explosion

A model of formation, development, and acoustic properties of the bubble cloud resulting from an underwater explosion is presented. The model includes several parts: explosion globe dynamics, initial break-up of the explosion globe, turbulence created by the explosion globe fragmentation, and further break-up of the bubbles by the turbulence. The time history of the bubble cloud properties is calculated under the assumption of the cloud being a collection of non-interacting bubbles. Model results are compared with the available experimental data.
Structured non-negative matrix factorization with sparsity patterns

In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for monaural blind source separation based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). A shortcoming of most source separation methods is the need for training data for each individual source. The algorithm proposed in this paper is able separate sources even when there is no training data for the individual sources. The algorithm makes use of models trained on mixed signals and uses training data where more than one source is active at the time. This makes the algorithm applicable to situations where recordings of the individual sources are unavailable. The key idea is to construct a structure matrix that indicates where each source is active, and we prove that this structure matrix, combined with a uniqueness assumption, is sufficient to ensure that results are equivalent to training on isolated sources. Our theoretical findings is backed up by simulations on music data that show that the proposed algorithm trained on mixed recordings performs as well as existing NMF source separation methods trained on solo recordings.
Evaluation of Liberase, a purified enzyme blend, for the isolation of human primordial and primary ovarian follicles.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized mixture of purified enzymes (Liberase), for the isolation of human ovarian follicles. METHODS This is an experimental prospective study. Ovarian biopsies were obtained from eight young women undergoing laparoscopy for benign gynaecological disease. Follicles were isolated by Liberase or collagenase enzymatic digestion. Follicle quality was assessed by evaluating their general morphology and viability after fluorescent staining, and the ultrastructure by electron microscopy. RESULTS The number of fully isolated follicles recovered from the Liberase-treated group was lower than from the collagenase group (156 versus 263) despite equal-sized biopsies being taken. A high proportion of follicles (98.6%, 70/71) were viable after Liberase isolation and most follicles were of good morphology with a complete granulosa cell layer (70.4%, 31/44). Ultrastructural studies indicated that Liberase-isolated follicles showed signs of atresia only occasionally and that the oolemma-follicular cell interface was well preserved. CONCLUSIONS Liberase treatment allows the isolation of highly viable follicles from human ovarian tissue, with an unaltered morphology and ultrastructure. This purified endotoxin-free enzyme preparation is a promising alternative to impure collagenase preparations for the reproducible isolation of intact primordial and primary follicles for culture and grafting purposes.
Joint Eurographics -ieee Tcvg Symposium on Visualization (2003) Interaction of Light and Tensor Fields

We present three methods of visualizing tensor fields that offer new ways of looking at tensor volumes. All three methods are based on the interaction of simulated light and the tensor field. Conceptually, rays are shot from a certain direction into the tensor volume. These rays are influenced by the surrounding tensor field and bent as they traverse through the volume. The tensor is visualized by both the nature of the bent rays and by the collection of rays deposited on a receiving plate. The former is similar to streamlines, but shows paths of greatest influence by the tensor field. The latter is similar to caustic effects from photon maps, but shows the convergence or divergence of the rays through the tensor volume. We also use the concept of treating the tensor volume as a special lens that distorts an image. Using backward ray tracing through the tensor volume, we generate image distortions that also show internal properties of the tensor field. A key advantage of these techniques is that they can work directly with non-symmetric tensor fields without first decomposing them into components.
polymerase chain reaction to predict relapse byPML-RAR alpha isoforms and detection of minimal residual disease Acute promyelocytic leukemia : clinical relevance of two major

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Body music: physical exploration of music theory

Music is appreciated by people from all walks of life. Music fits into our daily schedules in many ways, from casual listening to cultural events or movies. At a deeper level, the mechanics of music are not usually known to most lay people and learning the components of music theory can be a lengthy and difficult process. We present a new paradigm of social musical exploration and creation system using the physical body as an interface. We have created a physical mixed reality interactive game which enables people from all walks of life to interact in a physical space and learn fundamentals of music theory through experimentation. The initial prototype teaches pitch, time signature and dynamics in music. Initial player studies were conducted to refine the prototype to improve the usability, playability, and to ensure that the learning objectives are accomplished. We provide an evaluation of the research project and assess the usefulness of the system in the classroom setting as well as an interactive museum setting. Future plans for development are discussed in the conclusion of the paper to provide for the future development direction.
CATH: comprehensive structural and functional annotations for genome sequences

The latest version of the CATH-Gene3D protein structure classification database (4.0, http://www.cathdb.info) provides annotations for over 235 000 protein domain structures and includes 25 million domain predictions. This article provides an update on the major developments in the 2 years since the last publication in this journal including: significant improvements to the predictive power of our functional families (FunFams); the release of our ‘current’ putative domain assignments (CATH-B); a new, strictly non-redundant data set of CATH domains suitable for homology benchmarking experiments (CATH-40) and a number of improvements to the web pages.
Response of methane emissions, redox potential, and pH to eucalyptus biocharand rice straw addition in a paddy soil

This study aims to comprehend the links between soil Eh and pH changes in eucalyptus biochar (BC) and rice straw (RS) amended soils and CH4 emissions. Increased CH4 emission rates and high total CH4 emissions (TCH4) were found in RS soils. In contrast, higher concentrations of refractory lignin, fixed C and volatile matter in BC suppressed C mineralization and terminal methanogenesis, resulting in low TCH4. Eh in RS soils decreased more rapidly than in BC soils during the first phase as a single exponential function. This indicated that RS is a fast electron donor for an instant electron acceptor reduction and methanogenesis. During the second phase, Eh in BC soils decreased to very low values, probably because of the higher concentrations of electron donating phenolic compounds coupled with terminal methanogenesis. Meanwhile, hydrogen is consumed via electron acceptor reduction and methanogenesis simultaneously produce OH corresponded with a rise of pH, a characteristic of reverse single exponential function.
Robust Low-Rank Tensor Recovery With Regularized Redescending M-Estimator

This paper addresses the robust low-rank tensor recovery problems. Tensor recovery aims at reconstructing a low-rank tensor from some linear measurements, which finds applications in image processing, pattern recognition, multitask learning, and so on. In real-world applications, data might be contaminated by sparse gross errors. However, the existing approaches may not be very robust to outliers. To resolve this problem, this paper proposes approaches based on the regularized redescending M-estimators, which have been introduced in robust statistics. The robustness of the proposed approaches is achieved by the regularized redescending M-estimators. However, the nonconvexity also leads to a computational difficulty. To handle this problem, we develop algorithms based on proximal and linearized block coordinate descent methods. By explicitly deriving the Lipschitz constant of the gradient of the data-fitting risk, the descent property of the algorithms is present. Moreover, we verify that the objective functions of the proposed approaches satisfy the Kurdyka-Łojasiewicz property, which establishes the global convergence of the algorithms. The numerical experiments on synthetic data as well as real data verify that our approaches are robust in the presence of outliers and still effective in the absence of outliers.
Low-power SVM classifiers for sound event classification on mobile devices

With the high processing power of today's smartphones, it becomes possible to turn a smartphone into a personal audio surveillance and monitoring system. Ideally, such a system should be able to detect and classify a variety of sound events 24 hours a day and trigger an emergence phone call or message once a specified sound event (e.g., screaming) occurs. To prolong battery life, it is important to trade off the detection accuracy against power consumption. This paper investigates the power consumption of different stages of a sound-event classification system, including segmentation, feature extraction, and SVM scoring. The performance and power consumption of various acoustic features and SVM kernels are compared. This paper advocates the notion of intrinsic complexity through which the scoring function of polynomial SVMs can be written in a matrix-vector-multiplication form so that the resulting complexity becomes independent of the number of support vectors. Results show that this intrinsic complexity can reduce the CPU utilization of polynomial SVMs by 28 times without reducing classification accuracy.
Collecting, connecting, constructing: Early modern commodification and globalization of Sámi material culture

This article analyses the role of material culture in the enforcing of a colonial order in early modern Sápmi (Land of the Sámi, the indigenous people in northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Kola Peninsula in Russia). In addition, the article focuses on the unequal power relations created through the collecting and cultural appropriation of Sámi objects. The 17th century saw a rapid growth of interest in the Sámi and their material culture. Clothing, sledges, ceremonial drums and other objects were collected for royal and noble courts of Europe, as well as for scholars and other collectors. This Eurocentric process of constructing Sáminess was concurrent with colonial attitudes towards non-European peoples. Empirically, the article explores the collecting of Sámi objects, clothes and religious/sacred material culture such as ceremonial drums and sieidis, as well as models and mannequins, and their role in the colonial rule and imperial representations of Sápmi.
Extending H//sub/spl infin// control to nonlinear systems [Book Review]

The implications of feedback in reducing plant uncertainty were first encountered by H. S. Black in 1927, through the use of high-gain feedback to improve the closed-loop accuracy of amplifiers in circuits. Many of Black’s design schemes experienced closed-loop instability because of the fundamental tradeoffs that exist between sensitivity reduction and closed-loop stability. The limitations of feedback gain to improve closed-loop accuracy were explained through the introduction of the Nyquist stability in 1932, and the integral theorem of Bode [1], which demonstrated the limitations of sensitivity reduction at all frequencies of strictly proper plants. The Nyquist, Horowitz, and Bode contributions gave birth to the classical theory of control which evolved into what is currently known as H control theory. In the mid and late 1970s, George Zames indirectly revisited the early evolution of control and planted the first seeds of H1 control theory in his 1976 plenary lecture at the 15th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). At the 15th CDC, Zames introduced a frequency weighting, and posed the problem of feedback robustness as a sensitivity minimization problem in a normed algebra, typically equivalent to systems with impulse responses in L1. Shortly thereafter, Zames, in his seminal paper [2], introduced the H1 space1 to represent the space of causal time-invariant stable systems, for the purpose of quantifying the effect of feedback on uncertainty, and to pose the problem of frequency domain compensation in a rigorous mathematical framework. Zames posed the following three fundamental robust control problems in an input–output setting: 1) the uncertain disturbance attenuation problem, also know as the standardH1 problem; 2) a plant and disturbance attenuation problem, also known as the optimal robust disturbance attenuation problem; 3) and a filtering of plant uncertainty problem in which he posed the question of how much feedback can reduce uncertainty, when the plant lies in some set of uncertainty. As it turned out, Zames’ pioneering contributions provided the proper framework, in understanding the limitations of feedback, that was missing from the classical H2 control theory, and gave birth to a new sub-field within control engineering identified with the name
Sensorless control of a SynRM for the whole speed range based on a nonlinear observability analysis

The synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) is gaining popularity for general purpose drivers, where the sensorless operation is important. It is well known that, at low-speed, the saliency of these machines can be exploited for sensorless control down to stand-still through high-frequency (HF) signal injection. Nevertheless, the use of a separate HF model makes more complex the integration with the fundamental model valid at higher speeds. In this paper, an observability analysis is presented, leading to a single observer that captures both the fundamental and high-frequency characteristics of the machine. This leads to the proposal of a single observer, based on the extended Kalman filter algorithm, that is able to merge the saliency information obtained through HF injection and the fundamental information from the back-EMF of the machine. This strategy maximizes the utilization of the available rotor position information, minimizing the amount of HF signal injection required. Hence, leading to increased efficiency and reduced acoustic HF noise while achieving smooth transitions between low-speed and high-speed operation regions.
Calculating expected lung deposition of aerosolized administration of AAV vector in human clinical studies

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease affecting approximately 1 in 2500 live births. Introducing the cDNA that codes for normal cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to the small airways of the lung could result in restoring the CFTR function. A number of vectors for lung gene therapy have been tried and adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors offer promise. The vector is delivered to the lung using a breath‐actuated jet nebulizer. The purpose of this project was to determine the aerosolized AAV (tgAAVCF) particle size distribution (PSD) in order to calculate target doses for lung delivery.
Sequence Alignment by Regression Coding

In aligning two sequences, dynamic time warping (DTW) is the well-known dynamic programming algorithm. However, DTW can be sensitive to noise samples that may affect alignment of other relevant samples. In this article, we propose a novel approach to sequence alignment by treating it as a regression coding optimization problem, a task to predict one sequence from another. With some mild relaxation DTW can be seen as a special case of our approach while we provide more flexible and informative interpretation. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world datasets show that our method can yield more accurate alignment than existing approaches.
PHEVs Bidirectional Charging/Discharging and SoC Control for Microgrid Frequency Stabilization Using Multiple MPC

This paper proposes plug-in hybrid electric vehicles bidirectional charging/discharging and state of charge (SoC) control for a microgrid frequency stabilization using a multiple model predictive control (MMPC). The MMPC is the improved version of a model predictive control (MPC) for working with multiple operating condition of the system. The MPC is an effective model-based prediction which calculates the future control signals by optimization of a quadratic programming based on the plant model, past manipulate, and control signals of the system. By optimization of an electric vehicle power control signal at each time instant, as well as changing the MPC by electric vehicle battery SoC, the proposed MMPC is able to improve the frequency stabilization of the microgrid effectively.