Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tectonostratigraphy of the Moine Supergroup: a synthesis

The Neoproterozoic (early Riphean) Moine Supergroup crops out extensively in the Scottish Caledonides north of the Great Glen and is characterized by structural complexity and monotonous siliciclastic lithology with a lack of biostratigraphic control. Despite these problems, it has become possible to combine locally defined successions into a regional stratigraphic framework. This permits an evaluation of the tectonic setting of Moine deposition, in a subsiding tract that became the Scottish part of the Laurentian margin when Iapetus opened in the Vendian. Two major rift-basins are inferred, each of half-graben type, controlled by east-facing normal faults. The earlier Morar Group basin received a thick fill of dominantly shallow-marine arkosic sandstones, the Upper Morar Psammite forming a major regressive sequence. The Glenfinnan Group consists of mixed and muddy deposits that are interpreted partly as distal equivalents of the Morar Group, partly as a post-Morar transgressive thermal re-equilibration sequence. The Loch Eil Group, dominated by shallow marine arkosic and siliceous psammites, was deposited in a second, more easterly rift-basin that was subsequently juxtaposed with the Morar basin during Caledonian thrusting. Sediment dispersal in the major sandy sequences was northwards, and there is some evidence that provenance was, at least in part, from a mid-Proterozoic basement terrain to the south. The extension-dominated depositional setting of the Moine Supergroup, and basin geometry, are similar to those inferred for the other major Riphean clastic sequences of Scotland, the ‘Torridonian’ of the foreland and the Grampian Group to the southeast. The latter is followed by Upper Riphean transgressive strata of the Appin Group. Scottish Riphean stratigraphy records a major pre-Iapetan cycle of lithospheric extension and thermal recovery, with no regional scale unconformities yet identified that might constitute evidence for contemporary orogenesis.
Anxiety And Depression Among Medical Students During Covid-19 Pandemic In Faisalabad

Objectives: To find out the frequency of anxiety and depression among medical students during the Covid-19 pandemic and to study their relationship with socio-demographic factors. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students of various medical institutions in Faisalabad and their consent was taken beforehand. The study duration was 2 months (August to September 2021). Ethical approval was taken. The questionnaire was distributed online through google forms on social media platforms to all MBBS students of a medical college and the total number of responses received was 452. Non-probability purposive sampling was done. The inclusion criteria were those students who gave consent and filled out the questionnaire and the exclusion criteria were those who didn't concede. A validated and structured questionnaire was used. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: demographic data; COVID-19-related attitudes and practising preventive behaviours, generalized anxiety disorder scale – 7 (GAD-7) to determine anxiety among medical students and patient health questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9) to determine depression. Results: Most of the students i.e. 132 (29.2) were having mild anxiety, followed by minimal, moderate and severe anxiety. Similar scores were observed in PHQ-9 results which showed mostly students were having mild depression i.e. 127 (28.1) followed by minimal, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression respectively. Average GAD-7 score was 8.73 (M = 8.73; SD = 5.78); average PHQ-9 score was 10.78 (M = 10; SD = 7.1). Significant relationship was found between gender (p = 0.00), year of study (p = 0.039), suffered Covid-19 in present or past (p = 0.00), afraid of getting Covid-19 (p=0.001) with anxiety and gender (p = 0.00), suffered Covid-19 in present or past (p=0.001) and afraid of getting Covid-19 infection (p=0.001) with depression. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of medical students suffering from anxiety and depression during Covid-19. The students in the age group above 21 years, females, year of study (4th year) and afraid of getting Covid-19 infection were at higher risk of psychological distress in a pandemic. It is important to find ways to alleviate the pressure and fear of college students, provide them with more social support, and help them adapt to the changes in their learning styles and lifestyle.
Nurses’ Performance Regarding Care of Patients with Long Term Epidural Catheter

Background: Epidural catheter insertion is common technique used to manage acute and chronic pain for patients with cancer and after major surgery and is viewed as the ‗gold standard for effective mangment. Nursing mangment is essential for long term epidural analgesia to reduce the risk of complications. Aim: This study aimed to assess nurses' performance regarding care of patients with long term epidural catheter. Design: A descriptive exploratory research design was used to achieve the aim of this study. Setting: This study was conducted at Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) at National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University (CU). Subject: A convenient sample of all-available nurses (40) working within the previous mentioned setting. Tools: (I) Nurses' self-administered questionnaire. It is was composed of two parts. demographic characteristic and assessment of nurses' knowledge regarding care of patients with long term epidural catheter, (II) Nurse's practice observational checklist, and (III) Nurses' attitude (Likert Scale ) . Results: 68% of the studied nurses had unsatisfactory level of knowledge regarding care of long term epidural catheter, 60% of the studied nurses had unsatisfactory level of total practices regarding care of long-term epidural catheter and 55% of the studied nurses had negative attitude regarding care of long-term epidural catheter. Conclusion : this study concluded that more than two thirds of the studied nurses had unsatisfactory level of knowledge, three fifths of them had unsatisfactory level of practices and more than half of them had negative attitudes regarding care of patients with long-term epidural catheter. There was statistically significant difference between nurses' total knowledge and age and years of experience at (p<0.05), there was statistically significant difference between total practices and nurses' age at (p<0.05). and there was statistically significant differences between total attitude and nurses' age, gender, marital status, level of education and years of experience in the studied sample at (p>0.05) There was significant positive correlation between nurse‘s knowledge and attitude r=0.507, P<0.00. Recommendations: Replication of the current study on larger probability sample is recommended to achieve generalization of the results.
Ecological and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in a Diverse Industrial Area of Al-Akrasha, Egypt

This study was conducted in one of a diverse industrial area in Al-Akrasha, Egypt. Concentrations of select metals (Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cd, Al, Ag, As, B, and Fe) were evaluated in ambient PM10 and surface soils at nine sites. Random samples of fresh edible tilapia fish were collected from Ismailia Canal at two sites near the Al-Akrasha region. In addition, blood and hair samples were collected from workers and residents living in Al-Akrasha as biomarkers of contamination with these metals. The ecological and health risks of these metals to the workers and residents living in the Al-Akrasha region were assessed. The results showed that heavy metal levels in the ambient air (PM10) of the Al-Akrasha region were higher than the national and international guidelines. There was a very high degree of contamination (CD > 32) of the surface soil in the Al-Akrasha area, which can be attributed to industrial activities emissions, mostly from smelters and the subsequent deposition on the surface soil. Ingestion was the dominant pathway for metals to enter the human body in the Al-Akrasha region. Adults have a higher daily intake and exposure risk than infants and children.
South African Avocado Growers’ Association Yearbook 1985. 8:92-96 THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF PLANT GROWTH SUBSTANCE TRENDS IN DEVELOPING 'FUERTE' AVOCADO FRUITS

Tendense in konsentrasies van vier plantgroeireguleerders (hormone) is in 'Fuerte'vrugte deur middel van radioimmunobepalingsmetodes bestudeer. Die saad was 'n ryk bron van ouksien sowel as die sitokinien isopenteniel ademen (2iP), met hoër konsentrasies as in die pulp. Die peil van absisiensuur het met vruggroei toegeneem. Die belangrike reguleerende rol van die saad oor vruggroei is bevestig. Teoretiese en praktiese implikasies van die resultate is bespreek.
Study on Characteristics of Atmospheric Boundary Layer over Naqu Region of Northern Tibetan Plateau

Using the observed data in the PIOP (pre-intensive observing period) of CAMP/Tibet (coordinated enhensive observation period (CEOP) Asian-Australian Monsoon Project (CAMP) in the Tibetan Plateau), the characteristics of daily change of equivalent potential temperature, specific humidity and wind speed, as well as that of the steady and convective boundary layers over Naqu region of northern Tibetan Plateau were analyzed. The results showed that the daily change of boundary layer over Naqu region of northern Tibetan Plateau is significant, the height of convective mixed layer can reach 1800 m, and time forming converctive boundary layer in rain day is later than that in cloudy and fine days.
SCLEROBIONTS, SHELL MORPHOLOGY AND BIOSTRATINOMY ON AMMONITES: TWO EARLY CRETACEOUS CASES FROM THE NEUQUÉN BASIN, ARGENTINA

Abstract Shell morphology affects multiple aspects of the biology of ectocochleate cephalopods (e.g., floatability, life habit, post mortem behavior of the shell, etc.), so it should impact the establishment and development of sclerobiont faunas as well. In this study, the sclerobiont faunas of Weavericeras vacaense (a spherocone) and Holcoptychites agrioensis (a discocone), two early Hauterivian ammonites from the Agrio Formation (Neuquén Basin, Argentina) were compared. The coeval nautilid Cymatoceras perstriatum (studied previously), was contrasted with both ammonites. Results show that the three sclerobiont faunas had similar abundance, taxonomic composition and distribution of individuals across the shells, but H. agrioensis showed a markedly reduced richness, with a fauna almost entirely composed by the oyster Amphidonte (Ceratostreon) sp. The more evolute and compressed H. agrioensis sank more quickly than W. vacaense and C. perstriatum, which may have undergone longer periods of flotation and exposure on the sea bottom. This agrees with the lower taxonomic richness of the sclerobiont fauna and a better overall preservation of H. agrioensis specimens. Differences in the sclerobiont faunas are greater across variations in shell inflation and coiling degree than across nautilids and ammonites; therefore, the latter are important parameters for the sclerobiont fauna as well since they impact how long shells will float and be exposed on the seafloor, and therefore on their time of exposure. The presence of an almost monospecific fauna in H. agrioensis, despite its rapid sinking and burial, indicates that Amphidonte (Ceratostreon) sp. was the earliest settler, and could abundantly colonize hard substrates in a short time.
Chromosomal Instability-Driven Cancer Progression: Interplay with the Tumour Microenvironment and Therapeutic Strategies

Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a prevalent characteristic of solid tumours and haematological malignancies. CIN results in an increased frequency of chromosome mis-segregation events, thus yielding numerical and structural copy number alterations, a state also known as aneuploidy. CIN is associated with increased chances of tumour recurrence, metastasis, and acquisition of resistance to therapeutic interventions, and this is a dismal prognosis. In this review, we delve into the interplay between CIN and cancer, with a focus on its impact on the tumour microenvironment—a driving force behind metastasis. We discuss the potential therapeutic avenues that have resulted from these insights and underscore their crucial role in shaping innovative strategies for cancer treatment.
BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF HESPERIDIN ADMINISTRATION ON ALVEOLAR BONE STRUCTURE IN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common endocrine disorders. It is associated with an elevation in blood glucose levels. Oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia is central to the occurrence of diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy and diabetic osteopenia. Alveolar Bone forms the primary support structure of teeth. It’s affected majorly by diabetic osteopenia. Some antidiabetic drugs may also increase the risk of diabetic fractures. Hesperidin is an active flavanone isolated from citrus fruits . OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of Hesperidin administration on alveolar bone structure in rats with Streptozotocin-induced diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen adult male albino rats will be randomly divided into 3 equal groups: Group I (Control group). Group II (DM group): Rats will be administered Streptozotocin (STZ) to induce DM. Group III (Hesperidin group): Rats with STZ–induced DM will be given Hesperidin via gastric gavage. Rats will be euthanized after 6 weeks. Mandibles will be dissected and prepared for histological evaluation by light and scanning electron microscope. Percentages of Calcium and Phosphorus will be analyzed using EDX . RESULTS: Control group showed normal histological features of the alveolar bone. The diabetic group revealed an irregular outline with severe destruction while the Hesperidin group showed almost normal restoration of the structure of alveolar bone . CONCLUSION: Hesperidin exerted a protective effect on alveolar bone osteoporosis in diabetic rats .
Change Features of Surface Albedo of Semi-Arid Grassland over the Loess Plateau of Middle Part Gansu

The annual variation of the surface albedo of semi-arid grassland,and its variation characteristics under typical w eather conditions over the Loess Plateau of middle part Gansu w ere analyzed by using the observation data of Semi-Arid Climate Observatory and Laboratory of Lanzhou University( SACOL) in the w hole year of 2010. The results show that: The surface albedo of semi-arid grassland over the Loess Plateau of middle part Gansu is higher in w inter half year than that in summer half year,and the annual average surface albedo is 0. 21, w hich is higher than that in oasis regions,but low er than that in the semi-arid farmlands. In addition,w eather conditions obviously have impacts on the diurnal variation of the surface albedo. In sunny days,the surface albedo is higher in morning and evening but relatively low er at noon,w hile it has little variation in cloudy days; The surface albedo firstly decreases and then increases after rainfall,w hile firstly increases and then decreases after snow fall. Moreover,the surface albedo is a little higher in dust w eather than that in sunny days. Surface albedo is significantly asymmetric in sunny days,namely the surface albedo is higher in early morning than that in late afternoon at the same solar elevation. The difference has good agreement w ith the variation of shallow soil moisture. The results of this study have a certain scientific value in determining the surface albedo,verifying and improving models' ability to simulate w eather and climate.
The updated effective radiative forcing of major anthropogenic aerosols and their effects on global climate at present and in the future

The effective radiative forcing (ERF), as newly defined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC AR5), of three anthropogenic aerosols [sulphate (SF), black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC)] and their comprehensive climatic effects were simulated and discussed, using the updated aerosol‐climate online model of BCC_AGCM2. 0. 1_CUACE/Aero. From 1850 to 2010, the total ERF of these anthropogenic aerosols was −2.49 W m−2, of which the aerosol–radiation interactive ERF (ERFari) and aerosol–cloud interactive ERF (ERFaci) were ∼ −0.30 and −2.19 W m−2, respectively. SF was the largest contributor to the total ERF, with an ERF of −2.37 W m−2. The ERF of BC and OC were 0.12 and −0.31 W m−2, respectively. From 1850 to 2010, anthropogenic aerosols brought about a decrease of ∼2.53 K and ∼0.20 mm day−1 in global annual mean surface temperature and precipitation, respectively. Surface cooling was most obvious over mid‐ and high latitudes in the northern hemisphere (NH). Precipitation change was most pronounced near the equator, with decreased and increased rainfall to the north and south of the equator, respectively; this might be largely related to the enhanced Hadley Cell in the NH. Relative humidity near surface was increased, especially over land, due to surface cooling induced by anthropogenic aerosols. Cloud cover and water path were increased, especially in or near the source regions of anthropogenic aerosols. Experiments based on the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 given in IPCC AR5 shows the dramatic decrease in three anthropogenic aerosols in 2100 will lead to an increase of ∼2.06 K and 0.16 mm day−1 in global annual mean surface temperature and precipitation, respectively, compared with those in 2010.
Association of meeting 24-hour movement guidelines with low back pain among adults

Background According to recently published 24-hour movement guidelines, adults should spend: ≥150 minutes/week in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); <8 hours/day in sedentary behaviour (SB); and 7–9 hours/day sleeping. Objective We explored the association between meeting these recommendations and low back pain (LBP)—the most common musculoskeletal disorder. Methods We collected self-reported data from 2333 adults about: MVPA, SB and sleep duration; frequency and intensity of LBP; and sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Results Meeting a combination of SB and sleep recommendations was associated with lower odds of LBP in the past week and past month (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.64 and 0.52, respectively; p < 0.05 for both). Among LBP sufferers, meeting any combination of recommendations that includes sleep was associated with lower odds of frequent (OR range: 0.49–0.61; p < 0.05 for all) and intense (OR range: 0.39–0.66; p < 0.05 for all) LBP in the past week, while meeting a combination of SB and sleep recommendations or all three recommendations was associated with lower odds of intense LBP in the past month and past year (OR range: 0.50–0.68; p < 0.05 for all). The likelihood of experiencing higher frequency and intensity of LBP decreased with the number of recommendations met (p for linear trend < 0.05). Conclusion Meeting the SB and sleep recommendations in combination is associated with a lower likelihood of LBP, while adhering to the overall 24-hour movement guidelines or any combination of recommendations that includes sleep is associated with lower frequency and intensity of LBP among LBP sufferers.
D/H isotope ratios in the global hydrologic cycle

Deuterium to hydrogen (D/H) ratios in Earth's hydrologic cycle have long served as important tracers of climate processes, yet the global HDO budget remains poorly constrained because of uncertainties in the isotopic compositions of continental evapotranspiration and runoff. Here bias‐corrected satellite retrievals of HDO and H2O concentrations from the Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer are used to estimate the marine atmospheric surface layer HDO vapor pressure deficit, from which we calculate the global flux‐weighted average oceanic evaporation isotopic composition as −37.6‰. Using these estimates, combined with D/H ratios in precipitation, global mass balance suggests H isotope compositions for global runoff and terrestrial evapotranspiration of −77.3‰ and −40.0‰, respectively. By resolving the HDO budget, we establish an accurate global baseline for geochemically enabled Earth system models, demonstrate patterns in entrainment of moisture into the marine surface layer, and determine the isotopic composition of continental fluxes critical for global ecohydrologic investigations.
Effects of orbital decompression on duction, cyclotorsion and diplopia

Background Orbital decompression is commonly performed to correct proptosis in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy (GO). In literature, the incidence of new-onset constant diplopia after orbital decompression varies. Few studies have evaluated changes in duction and cyclodeviation after orbital decompression. We evaluated the changes in duction, cyclodeviation, eye position and degree of diplopia after orbital decompression. Methods We retrospectively analysed data from patients who underwent orbital decompression at our hospital between January 2016 and July 2020. Data regarding the type of decompression, eye position, duction, cyclodeviation and level of diplopia according to the Gorman score were recorded. Results Data from 281 eyes/orbits of 156 patients were analysed. Proptosis decreased from 23.8±2.5 to 20.9±2.5 mm. Horizontal and vertical duction range decreased (horizontal d=0.40 and vertical 0.30; p=0.000) after surgery; however, the change was not clinically significant (≤5°). Horizontal deviation changed towards esodeviation (d=−0.45; p=0.000), whereas vertical deviation remained stable (d=0.15; p=0.161). Preoperative cyclotorsion in the primary and downgaze positions changed towards incyclodeviation (primary: d=0.30, p=0.021; downgaze d=0.30, p=0.039). Diplopia improved in 22% (18 patients), whereas new-onset constant diplopia developed in 11% (12 patients). Elevation has an excellent predictive value of causing new-onset constant diplopia when measured preoperatively as <19°, sensitivity 88.0%, specificity 41.7% (area under the curve 0.812 (95% CI 0.660 to 0.963); p=0.000). Conclusion After orbital decompression, incidence of new-onset constant diplopia was 11% and 22% of the patients had partial or complete improvement of their diplopia. The changes in duction, cyclodeviation and horizontal deviation showed a statistical but not clinical difference. Patients with GO and a preoperatively restricted elevation of <19° are at risk of developing new-onset constant diplopia. In addition, preoperative incyclodeviation may worsen after decompression surgery.
Effect of Aging Treatment on the Strength and Microstructure of 7075-Based Alloys Containing 2% Li and/or 0.12% Sc

The present study was performed on three versions of 7075 alloy to which Sc or Sc + Li was added. The alloys were subjected to various aging treatments. The microhardness results show that the highest value of hardness was achieved when the alloy containing Li + Sc was aged at 120 °C for 24 h whereas the minimum level was exhibited by the base alloy aged at 280 °C. The results were interpreted in terms of the size and distribution of the main hardening phase (η′(MgZn2)), and the role of the presence of Al and Cu in the used alloy. Precipitation of Al3(Sc, Zr, Ti) phase particles during solidification of the Sc-containing ingots was also discussed. The coarsening and spheroidi-zation of η-phase particles take place through the Ostwald ripening mechanism while smaller par-ticles in solution dissolve and deposit on larger particles. In Sc-containing alloys, star phase particle consists of different layers. The change in the brightness from layer to layer indicates that the Zr and Sc concentrations are varied within the star phase, since the atomic number of Zr (40) is higher than the atomic number of Sc (21). The addition of Sc, as well, leads to marked decrease in the grain size of the as-cast alloys i.e., 300 µm and 45 µm, respectively. The interaction between Li and Sc would reduce the effectiveness of the grain refining effect of Sc. The results of the refining effect of Sc were confirmed using the EBSD technique.