Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of addition of silver nanoparticles on the antibacterial effect of three different root canal sealers (an in vitro study)

Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of addition of silver nanoparticles (SNP) to AD Seal, MTA Fillapex and GuttaFlow 2 in terms of antibacterial effect. Methods: The method applied was the Direct Contact Test (DCT). Crushed sealers were put in sterile polyethylene tubes. About 18 mg of each sealer were weighed and placed in a tube. The tubes then incubated at 37 degrees Celsius then covered with 400 micro-L of Brain H eart Infusion (BHI) broth and 100 micro-L of bacterial suspension of Enterococcus Faecalis. After 1 min, 1 hour, the bacterial survival was evaluated by culturing on Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar plates and the Colony Forming Unit/mL (CFU/mL) were counted. Results: The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between AD Seal and MTA Fillapex with or without addition of SNP at 1 min. However, a statistically significant difference was shown between GuttaFlow 2 and GuttaFlow 2 + SNP. At 1 hour, results showed a statistically significant difference between all groups except ADSeal + SNP and GuttaFlow 2 showed no statistically significant difference, with the highest antibacterial effect was for MTA Fillapex + SNP. There was statistically significant difference between all groups at 1 minute and 1 hour with the highest antibacterial effect at 1 hour except for AD Seal which showed the least antibacterial effect at 1 hour and the highest value favoring MTA Fillapex+ SNP. Conclusion: The addition of silver nanoparticles to all sealers increased their antibacterial effect.
Municipal amalgamations and local housing prices

In this paper, we examine the relationship between housing prices and municipal amalgamations. Due to consumer preference for access over amenity value, there is a spatial disparity of housing prices, reflecting the value of land in specific locations. According to \citet{tiebout1956} local amenity values will increase if the services of a municipality improve without a comparable rise in taxes or service fees, or if taxes or service fees decrease while the service level remains the same. The bid-rent curve is a framework frequently used to capture a presence of goods or bads such as amenities, disamenities, and externalities. Accordingly, the present study will be used to detect a possible social benefit or loss following amalgamations of municipalities. Macro panel data from Iceland will be used, representing several essential variables of the house market for 79 municipalities in Iceland during the period from 1992 through 2006. The research shows a significant positive relationship, ceteris paribus, between regional municipal amalgamations and local real prices of apartments.
Scoring Systems Used to Predict Mortality in Patients with Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Emergency Room

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is defined as hemorrhage that involves the mouth to the duodenum proximal to the ligament of Treitz. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a major public health problem, its prevalence being around 150 per 100,000 adults per year. Objective: The aim of this study was to predict mortality in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the emergency room using AIMS65 and Glasgow-Blatchford scoring systems and to assess which scoring system (Blatchford or AIMS65) is more accurate in predicting mortality in AUGIB. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that was conducted at Emergency Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University. The study was carried out on records of acute upper GIT bleeding patients. We enrolled in this study a total of 362 patients who matched with our inclusion criteria. The mean age was 55.21 years, 61.6% were males and the mean BMI was 25.47 kg/m 2 . Results: Blatchford score at cut off ≥ 13 and AIMS65 at ≥ 3 are valid in the prediction of mortality in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in emergency room. AIMS65 ≥ 3 was more accurate (sensitivity of 77.78% and specificity of 84.88%) than Blatchford score (sensitivity of 55.56% and specificity of 71.51%) in the prediction of mortality in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in emergency room. Conclusion: AIMS65 score was superior to Blatchford score in prediction of mortality in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in emergency room. GIT cancer, re-bleeding and increase INR value are independent predictors of mortality in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in emergency room.
Different Techniques used for Stump Closure in Laparoscopic Appendectomy

Background: The most prevalent surgical emergency for which patients present to the emergency room is acute appendicitis. Appendectomy is the surgical therapy for the problem, and it is one of the most common surgeries performed worldwide, with almost a quarter of all people (equally males and females) requiring one at some point in their lives. Methods that are used to close the stump in laparoscopic appendectomy include staplers, endo-loop, titanium clips, non-absorbable polymer clips (Hem-o-lock clips), hand-made loops, extracorporeal sliding knot, intra-corporeal ligation, ligature use or division with bipolar cautery. Objective: To compare various methods of stumps closure in laparoscopic appendectomy. Methods: This Double Blind – Randomized Quasi Experimental Trial was conducted upon a sample of 80 patients (selected using non-probability, consecutive sampling) in four groups (G1: Endoloop, G2: Intracorporeal Knotting with Vicryl Size 2/0, G3: Extracorporeal Knotting with Chromic Catalent no Zero, G4: Vicryl Intracorporeal Trans fixation of Stump with 2/0 vicryl) of 20 each. Data was recorded onto a structured questionnaire containing inquiries pertaining to basic biodata, sociodemographic details, disease history, operative notes and post-operative follow-up. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and MS. Excel. Results: The mean age of the sample stood at 43.96 (SD ± 16.9) years, with the age ranging from 17 to 80 years. Study more females were presented in all four groups. They have shown insignificant statistical association with p-value of 0.983. Post-operative complication in every group was recorded as post-operative hemorrhage, knot slippage, abscess and surgical site infection. Overall in 9 (11.3%) of patients experienced different post-operative complications showed insignificant statistical association with the p-value of 0.945. Conclusion: In current study we concluded that endoloop is the most efficient and less time consuming procedure used for the stump closure in the patient undergo laparoscopic appendectomy. Intra operative time taken is also less compared to other groups. Less number of intra-operative and post-operative complication were noted in the endoloop group. Hospital stay is also observed to be less in the endoloop group.
Biofouling Control of Invasive Zebra Mussel ( Dreissena polymorpha ) Using Acoustic Energy

Effects of increasing levels of audible sound energy (500, 1000, 5000 Hz frequency) on attachment strength and mortality rates of zebra mussels were investigated in a long-term study for the control and deterrence of zebra mussel infestation. All groups exposed to sound treatments presented weight loss by 1.09, 1.44 and 2.07% in the 500 Hz, 1.000 Hz, and 5.000 Hz frequency groups, respectively, while mussels receiving no sound showed an increasing trend in weight gain by 1.37%. The mortality rate increased with both increasing levels of sound frequency, and the time-length of exposure duration within the same frequency level. Attachment strength declined with induced mortality of zebra mussel after 20 days of sound exposure, and nearly 50% of zebra mussels died by sound treatment of 5000 Hz frequency after 100-days of exposure. The findings in this study demonstrate that sound energy is a potential tool and a practical option for preventive management and control of zebra mussel biofouling in freshwater ecosystems.
Kidney Evaluation in Hyperuricemia Rats Treated with Green Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis L.) Extract

Uric acid is an oxidation product of the xanthine oxidase enzyme found in extracellular fluid, and when it exceeds, uric acid will build up and cause hyperuricemia. TNF-α is released by epithelial cells and mesangial cells when inflammation occurs and causes apoptosis in epithelial cells, causing damage to kidney structures and initiating acute kidney poisoning. Green tea extract (Camellia sinensis L.) contains many antioxidants, especially flavonoids with potent antioxidant properties such as lipid peroxidase and free radical absorbers, inhibiting xanthine oxidase. This study expresses the potential of green tea extract on kidney repair caused by HUA. Twenty-four male albino rats (175-225 g) of Wistar strain being fed a high purine diet in 60 consecutive days and divided into six groups randomly, I: negative control, II: positive control, III: allopurinol, IV: green tea extract 150mg of body weight, V: green tea extract 300mg of body weight, and VI: green tea extract 600mg of body weight. Treatment was done for 14 days and measured by total creatinine levels, malondialdehyde levels, and kidney histopathology. The statistical analysis using One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey analysis by SPSS 23.0 proved that green tea extract with a dose of 600 mg/kg of body weight green could lower levels malondialdehyde of the kidney as much as 58.85% (p<0.01), decreased creatinine level by 24.5% (p>0.05), and improved kidney histopathology. This study proved that green tea extract is a promising alternative for hyperuricemia while improving kidney tissues and lowering malondialdehyde and creatinine levels.
Served on a Plate: A Late Medieval Ceramic Vessel with Sgrafﬁto Decoration of a Sailing Ship from the Ropotamo Underwater Excavations, Black Sea, Bulgaria

: We report on the interpretation of a late medieval Eastern Mediterranean glazed ceramic vessel with sgrafﬁto decoration depicting a sailing ship. The artefact represents a chance ﬁnd that was recovered outside the excavation area of the Ropotamo underwater archaeological excavations on the Southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in 2017. Fragments of late medieval sgrafﬁto -decorated ceramics with depictions of sailing ships are rare. Complete examples can be considered exceptional. The Ropotamo artefact is of particular interest due to the freehand execution of its decoration, which suggests some understanding of contemporary ship proportions and seafaring practices on behalf of the artisan. The specimen is analyzed against similar artefacts and discussed in the context of maritime grafﬁti from the Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean regions. The aim is to establish its potential for studying archaeological ceramics and evaluate the extent to which the decoration reﬂects aspects of Eastern Mediterranean maritime culture of the late Byzantine and early post-Byzantine periods. More research is required to appreciate the full potential of the Ropotamo artefact. A hypothesis for origin, dating and signiﬁcance has been proposed. However, due to a shortage of published parallels, it may be subject to further reﬁnements in the future in case more stratiﬁed similis are identiﬁed.
Approaches to understanding teleworking

Over the course of some years of reviewing literature and conducting empirical research on telework, it is quite clear that it is a diverse phenomenon, approachable in numerous ways and for a range of objectives. Furthermore, the actual experience of teleworkers is varied and dynamic, as is their relationship to information and communication technologies ICTs) The following sections aim to address all these issues by: 1. setting the scene in terms of indicating the diverse perspectives brought to the topic, including public representations of the practice 2. exploring the issues involved in defining telework and drawing boundaries around the practice 3. charting the dimensions according to which home-based teleworking experiences can be differentiated 4. indicating the key dynamics by which teleworking may change over time 5. providing a framework for specifically considering how we might analyse the role of ICTs in such teleworking households
Immunotargets and Therapy for Prurigo Nodularis

Abstract Prurigo nodularis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease consisting of severely pruritic nodules that can be very debilitating for patients. The basis of this skin condition is immunological dysregulation and neural amplification, driven by T-lymphocytes, mast cells, eosinophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and cytokines mediating itchy processes. Further complicating this already taxing diagnosis is the lack of approved treatment and consensus on management; although there are off-label treatments utilized as therapy. Immunomodulators are the cornerstone of treatment for PN, and additional novel therapies targeting key players in the immunological cascade are currently undergoing investigation. In this review, we will highlight targets of the immune cascade and explore current immunomodulating treatments as well as immunotherapies on the horizon for the management of prurigo nodularis.
Antibiotics Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Livestock in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE, 2014–2019

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a zoonotic pathogen that showed growing resistance to antibiotics. No descriptive analysis highlights the threat of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) of E. coli among livestock in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Herein, we conducted phenotypic and genotypic resistance studies on E. coli isolates from livestock samples in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi based on routine diagnosis between the periods 2014–2019. Bacterial culture and disk diffusion methods were used for bacterial isolation and phenotypic resistance analysis. Resistance mechanism was studied by PCR targeting the most commonly resistance genes: ampicillin (blaSHV, blaCMY, and blaTEM-1B), tetracyclines (tetA and tetB), co-trimoxazole [sulfamethoxazole (sul1, sul2, and sul3) + trimethoprim (dfrA1 and dfrA17)], aminoglycosides [aph(3”)-Ia, aph(6)-Id, and aac(3)-IV], and fluoroquinolones (qnrA and aac(6')-Ib-cr). Analysis of 165 E. coli isolates showed resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, and enrofloxacin by 157/165 (95.4%), 154/165 (93.6%), 141/165 (86%), 139/165 (85%), and 135/165 (82.7%), respectively. Predominant resistance gene/s detected by PCR were blaCMY (119/160, 72%) and blaTEM-1B (154/160, 96.3%) for ampicillin; tetA (162/164, 98.8%) and tetB (112/164, 68.3%) for tetracyclines; sul2 (156/164, 95%), sul3 (138/164, 84%), and dfra17 (74/164, 44.5%) for co-trimoxazole; aph(3”)-Ia (134/164, 82.1%) and aph(6)-Id (161/164, 98.2%) for aminoglycosides; and aac(6')-Ib-cr (61/61, 100%) for enrofloxacin. Both phenotypic and genotypic analyses revealed that all E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant (resistance to 3, 4, and 5 antibiotics classes by 3.6%, 57.6%, and 38.8%, respectively) carrying one or more resistance gene/s for the same antibiotic. PCR profiling confirmed the presence of resistance genes corresponding to their antibiotic profile. Results of the study will highlight the knowledge based on E. coli AMR related to livestock in UAE that may call for interventions.
D-optimal design optimization of unsaturated palm fatty acid distillate and trimethylolpropane esterification for biolubricant production

An edible palm oil processing industries produces an economical by-product or waste of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). Many researchers have put an e ﬀ ort to utilize uneconomical PFAD to producevaluable,versatileandhigh-endproducts.Inthiswork,polyolesterofgreenbiolubricantbase oil was synthesized through the esteriﬁcation of unsaturated palm fatty acid distillate (USFA PFAD) with polyhydric alcohol, trimethylolpropane (TMP) in the occurrence of sulphuric acid catalyst. The optimization process was conducted by using D-optimal design of the response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the highest yield percentage of resultant polyol ester, USFA-TMP ester was obtained at 96.0 ± 0.5% with 99.9 ± 0.9% of tri-ester selectivity. These were obtained at the esteriﬁcation optimal condition at reaction temperature of 150 °C for 6 h with 5% H 2 SO 4 . The polyol ester chemical structure was characterized by using spectroscopy analysis techniques of infrared (FTIR), proton ( 1 H) and carbon ( 13 C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The resultant USFA-TMP ester recorded viscosity index of 163, pour points at − 45 °C, ﬂash points at 298 °C, and thermal oxidative stability temperatures at 215 °C. I was found that the ester product as a Newtonian ﬂuid with viscosity grade lubricant ISO VG 46. In overall, the resultant polyol ester has shown good lubrication properties that make it conceivable to be used for many industrial green biolubricant applications.
Balloon Kyphoplasty vs Vertebroplasty: A Systematic Review of Height Restoration in Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures

Purpose of Review This systematic review comprehensively compared balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty with respect to height restoration and pain relief. Recent Findings PRISMA guidelines were utilized to compare balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty, focusing on the primary outcome of height restoration and the secondary outcomes of pain relief and functionality. A total of 33 randomized controlled trials were included; 20 reviewed balloon kyphoplasty, 7 reviewed vertebroplasty, and 6 compared vertebroplasty to balloon kyphoplasty. Both treatments restored some vertebral body height and showed benefits in pain reduction and improved patient-reported functionality. Summary Balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are effective treatments for vertebral compression fractures and this review suggests that balloon kyphoplasty may be favored for vertebral height restoration. Further studies are needed to conclude whether balloon kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty is superior for alleviating pain.
Methodology for laboratory-based antimicrobial resistance surveillance in animals

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a crucial and emerging multifactorial “One Health” problem involving human and animal health, agriculture, aquaculture, and environment; and posing a potential public health hazard globally. The containment of AMR justifies effective surveillance programs to explicate the magnitude of the problem across the contributing sectors. Laboratory-based AMR testing and characterization is the key component of an AMR surveillance program. An AMR surveillance program should have a “top management” for fund mobilization, planning, formulating, and multilateral coordinating of the surveillance activities. The top management should identify competent participating laboratories to form a network comprising a reference laboratory and an adequate number of sentinel laboratories. The responsibilities of the reference laboratory include the development of standardized test methods for ensuring quality and homogeneity of surveillance activities, providing training to the laboratory personnel, and in-depth AMR characterization. The sentinel laboratories will take the responsibilities of receiving samples, isolation and identification of microbes, and initial AMR characterization. The sentinel laboratories will use simple antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) methods such as disk diffusion tests, whereas the reference laboratories should use automated quantitative AST methods as well as advanced molecular methods to explicit AMR emergence mechanisms. Standard guidelines set by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute or the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, should be followed to bring about conformity and harmonization in the AST procedures. AMR surveillance program in animals is eventually similar to that in human health with the exception is that veterinary antibiotics and veterinary pathogens should be given preference here. Hence, the review study was envisaged to look deep into the structure of the AMR surveillance program with significance on laboratory-based AMR testing and characterization methods.
THE CONCEPT OF PREHABILITATION AND ITS IMPACT IN SURGERY: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

An impressive number of patients who undergo surgery suffer from postoperative complications. This problem has become imperative, with a preva-lence of about 30% among patients undergoing surgical treatment. The prehabilitation program has been proposed as preoperative adjuvant therapy in order to circumvent the given consequences, but existing studies show controversial results. Purpose and task. The systematic literature review aims to study the effectiveness of the concept of prehabilitation and its influence on the functional parameters, the postoperative complications, and the quality of life of patients. Material and methods. A search of the electronic databases was requested: for randomized clinical trials that investigated the effectiveness of the prehabilitation concept and its influence on functional parameters, postoperative complications, and patients’ quality of life. The primary outcome parameter was the ability of prehabilitation to prevent postoperative complications of patients undergoing major surgery. The second-ary parameters investigated were: the functional capacity evaluated pre- and postoperatively, the length of hospital stay, the cost of hospitalization, and the quality of life after surgery. Results. The review included 10 clinical trials with a total of 939 patients. The studies’ quality was evaluated using Delphi criteria. In 10 of the 10 studies, the impact of the targeted program on reducing postoperative complications of patients was examined, as was the duration of hospitalization in 7 of the 10 studies, and respiratory parameters in 4 of the 10 studies. Conclusions. Large-scale, high-quality studies are required to confirm the early evidence’s promise and to determine the frequency, intensity, and duration of prehabilitation designed to accomplish optimal results. This study recorded positive results in EV and ET, following the heterogeneous prehabilitation program. These results should be confirmed in larger randomized controlled trials, including a larger number of patients, especially with pathological changes in respiratory muscle function.