Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discrete Dynamical Systems and Difference Equations with Mathematica

DYNAMICS OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS Introduction Linear Difference Equations with Constant Coefficients Linear Difference Equations with Variable Coefficients Stability Stability in the Non-Hyperbolic Case Bifurcations Dynamica Session Symbolic Dynamics for One-Dimensional Maps Dissipative Maps and Global Attractivity Parametrisation and Poincare Functional Equation Exercises DYNAMICS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS Introduction Linear Theory Equilibrium Solutions The Riccati Equation Linearized Stability Analysis Dynamica Session Period Doubling Bifurcation Lyapunov Numbers Box Dimension Semicycle Analysis Stable and Unstable Manifold Dynamica Session on Henon's Equation Invariants Lyapunov Functions, Stability, and Invariants Dynamica Session on Lyness' Map Dissipative Maps and Systems Dynamica Session on Rational Difference Equations Area-preserving Maps and Systems Biology Applications Projects Applications in Economics Exercises SYSTEMS OF DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS, STABILITY, AND SEMICYCLES Introduction Linear Theory Stability of Linear Systems The Routh-Hurwitz and Schur-Cohn Criterion Nonlinear Systems and Stability Limit Sets and Invariant Manifolds Dissipative Maps Stability of Difference Equations Semicycle Analysis Dynamica Session on Semicycles Exercises INVARIANTS AND RELATED LYAPUNOV FUNCTIONS Introduction Invariants for Linear Equations and Systems Invariants and Corresponding Lyapunov Functions for Nonlinear Systems Invariants of Special Class of Difference Equations Applications Dynamica Session on Invariants Dynamica Session on Lyapunov Functions Invariance under Lie Group Transformations Exercises DYNAMICS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS Introduction Dynamica Session on Third Order Difference Equations Dissipative Difference Equation of Third Order Dynamica Session on Local Asymptotic Stability of Period-Two Solution Dynamica Session on Todd's Difference Equation Biology Applications Projects Exercises FRACTALS GENERATED BY ITERATED FUNCTIONS SYSTEMS Introduction Basic Definitions and Results Iterated Function System Basic Results on Iterated Functions Systems Calculation of Box Dimension for IFS Dynamica Session Exercises BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
Classification of Transformed and Geometrically Distorted Images using Convolutional Neural Network

: Convolutional Neural Network is a deep learning method that is used in many image-related applications, such as image recognition and classification, it has achieved great performance in these fields, but it still suffers from some shortcomings. One of these shortcomings is not being able to be invariant to the input data due to some image transformations like translation, rotation, scaling, and geometric distortions such as skewness, perspective distortion and pincushion distortion. This study presents an optimized CNN which uses the Geometric Heat Flow (GHF) to improve the performance of the CNN regarding the invariant limitation and classification accuracy. GHF is a partial differential equation that expresses how the heat would diffuse on a surface concerning time in a specific location. GHF is invariant to image transformations and geometric distortions if it was taken concerning the object's arc length which will lead to an invariant CNN. The experiments show that GHF improves the performance of the CNN, and the proposed work achieves an accuracy of 98.09% on the MNIST handwritten dataset, 92.58% on the MNIST-Fashion dataset, and 86.09% on the CIFAR-10 dataset.
ORPHANHOOD EFFECT ON PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS’ INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN KENYA

In Kenya, orphanhood has risen and affected many children among them primary school pupils. A parent’s death may affect children’s psychological well being. There is a close coherence between children’s psychological well-beings and their interpersonal relationships. Children who have poor psychological well-being are likely to be withdrawn, experience low self-esteem and have poor adaptations to human functioning and life experiences. These conditions affect their relations with others hence become deviants. A literature gap exists in Kenya on orphanhood’s effect children’s relations with other pupils thus motivating the authors to come up with such a study. Thus, the objective of the study was to establish the influence of orphanhood on pupils’ interpersonal relationships in public primary schools by comparing the mean scores in pupils’ interpersonal relationships between the orphaned and the non-orphaned pupils. Also, establish whether gender differences exist in interpersonal relationships between the orphaned pupils. Causal-Comparative research design was considered appropriate for the study because of the comparison of groups. A sample of 110 pupils (55 orphaned and 55 non-orphaned) drawn from 10 primary schools was involved in the study. The pupils were drawn from primary classes 6 and 7. The sample was selected by using purposive and stratified random sampling procedures. A questionnaire was used to collect data which was analyzed by use of independent sample t-test. The study established that orphanhood has a significant effect on interpersonal relationships among pupils in primary schools in Kenya. It was also established that significant gender differences exist in the effect that orphanhood exert on pupils; with boys being more affected than the girls. From the findings, it is evident that absence of parents negatively affect the interpersonal skills of children particularly the boy-child. Such children need counseling interventions to counter these effects. It is therefore recommended that school counselors, teachers and school administrators in Kenya should assist orphaned pupils cope with the loss of their parents by offering psychological and social support to them. This is because the poor interpersonal relationships of orphaned pupils may affect various aspects of their lives that include academics and discipline among others. Key words: effect, interpersonal, relationships, orphanhood, primary school pupil.
* I.J.A.S. Imp. 03/04

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the replacement of about 70% of soybean meal (SBM) with extruded (ES) or toasted (TS) full-fat soybean seeds in diets for lactating cows on milk quality, fatty acid profile, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content. Eighteen lactating cows were assigned to 3 groups which received a basal diet, supplemented with 1.8, 2.1 and 2.1 kg/head, respectively, of SBM, ES and TS. There was no significant effect on milk yield, calculated as the difference between daily yield during the experimental period and the mean of the last 5 days of adaptation (-1.65, -1.29 and -0.20 kg/d, respectively, for SBM, ES and TS; P>0.10) and milk quality parameters (fat, protein, urea and cheese making parameters) among treatments. In the ES group there was a decrease in the short chain FA content (from C4 to C13) in milk fat (9.2 vs 11.0 and 10.8 g/100 g lipids, respectively, for ES, SBM and TS; P<0.05). Medium chain FA (from C14 to C17) content in milk fat was lower for ES and TS groups compared with SBM (46.8 and 48.0 vs 54.8 g/100 g lipids respectively; P<0.01), while long chain FA (C≥18) concentration in milk fat was lower in the SBM group compared to the others (34.3 vs 44.2 and 41.2 g/100 g lipids, respectively, for SBM, ES and TS; P<0.001). The replacement of SBM with ES enhanced oleic and linoleic acid and, particularly, CLA content. Intermediate values were observed for the TS group. CLA content (0.91, 0.62 and 0.56 g/100 g lipids, respectively, for ES, TS and SBM; P<0.05) increased throughout the trial in all groups. ES also reduced the proportion of SFA with respect to SBM (65.2, 68.2 and 70.9 g/100 g lipids, respectively, for ES, TS and SBM; P<0.05), and increased MUFA (26.9, 24.5 and 23.1 g/100 g lipids in the same order; P<0.05) and PUFA (7.4, 6.9 and 5.5 g/100 g lipids in the same order; P<0.05) of milk fat, thus improving the health-quality of milk. The various soybean products did not affect either metabolic profile (protein, urea, glucose, cholesterol, NEFA, triglycerides, liver parameters and mineral serum content) or rumen parameters (pH, ammonia and VFAs). The replacement of SBM with ES and TS permitted an improvement in the nutritional properties of milk without negatively affecting animal performances.
Wildlife Memorable Tourism Experiences as Antecedents of Visitor Loyalty at Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre (SORC), Sabah, Malaysia

: This research looks at the wildlife memorable tourism experiences (WMTE) as the antecedents of visitor loyalty to the Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre (SORC), Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia. Based on the experience economy reasoning, this study adopts the memorable tourism experience (MTE) framework with the introduction of a new variable – wildlife tourism. Through a self-administered questionnaire, data from 400 domestic and international visitors were analysed using SPSS 23. The study found that five factors are significant (wildlife tourism, novelty, stimulation, activities and adverse feeling) including the socio-demographic variables of education level (primary) and occupation (students) as well as five insignificant factors (relaxation, service, knowledge, unexpected happening and planning) in influencing visitor loyalty. The findings reveal that the introduction of a new dimension — wildlife tourism, contributes as the strongest predictor towards visitor loyalty. Subsequently, this study provides recommendations to the SORC management in enhancing visitor loyalty to the centre. Overall, this study highlights that visitors’ memorable experiences in the WMTE model is central in influencing the visitors’ revisit intentions to the SORC. The findings reveal four variables that are positively significant (wildlife tourism, novelty, stimulation, activities) and three that are negatively significant (adverse feeling, occupation (student) and education level (student) for visitor loyalty. Five factors appeared insignificant : relaxation, service, knowledge, unexpected happening and planning. Both significant and insignificant factors as well as practical implications were discussed.
Repurposing Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells for Geothermal Applications

— This paper focuses on providing insights and knowledge on repurposing abandoned oil and gas wells for geothermal applications. Abandoned wells emit alarming amounts of greenhouse gases and pose serious health hazards and they require a thorough procedure for decommissioning for two reasons. The ordinary cement used in sealing of the wells used in decommissioning deteriorates with time and often leak harmful These obstacles can be addressed by retrofitting abandoned wells for geothermal energy utilization. This paper presents a comprehensive overview on the available conversion technologies, available case studies along with challenges and opportunities pertaining to repurposing for geothermal development. The proposed technology presents an attractive alternative that will reduce the overall costs of developing a geothermal system and decrease the negative environmental impact of abandoned oil and gas wells.
Original Research Article Prospect of food bolus obstruction in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common general surgical emergency usually caused by adhesions, bands or hernias. Food bolus impaction or bezoars remain an uncommon cause, albeit well reported in literature. The objective was to outline the frequency, demographic features, etiopathogenesis and management patterns of acute SBO due to ingested food bolus. Methods: An observational retrospective study was conducted whereby patients admitted to the surgical emergency of the associated hospital of Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India as cases of acute SBO, who underwent laparotomy, over a period extending from August 2020 to June 2022 were selected and their records reviewed for history of ingestion/intra-operative finding of food bolus obstruction. Demographic, etiological and management patterns were noted. Descriptive analysis was done using Jamovi (version 1.6) (computer software). Results: A total of 100 patients of food bolus obstruction were admitted and operated upon during the study period with a median age of 14 years, with 40% patients belonging to 11 to 20 years age group, with a male to female ratio of 3:1. Majority belonged to rural areas (86%). 97% cases were due to ingestion of date plum or persimmons (vernacular: “amlook”). Ileum was the most common site of impaction (63%). 90% cases were managed by fragmentation of bolus and milking of gut, whereas enterotomy and resection-anastomosis were performed in 5 patients each. Conclusions: Food bolus obstruction especially due to phytobezoars of Diospyros lotus (date plum or “Amlook”) is often encountered in our setup, especially in rural populations, predominantly affecting male children and adolescents.
Quantum Gravity Asymptotic Safety from 2D Universal Regime and Smooth Transition to Dual Superstrings

: In the context of our work on multi-fold universes, and the emergence of gravity from entanglement, we argued that quantum gravity is asymptotically safe in multi-fold universe, as well as in the real universe, where the arguments rely either on the belief that multi-fold mechanisms correctly model these aspects, or on arguments captured in the literature by asymptotic safe quantum gravity aficionados. We discussed the consequences of asymptotic safety: the incompatibility of supersymmetry, and superstrings, or M-theory, with the Standard Model (SM) or SM G (The Standard Model with non-negligible gravity effects at the SM scales). On the other hand, string afficionados, and others to be fair, view asymptotic safety claims for gravity with skepticism, to say the least. Arguments that gravity would be asymptotically safe, and incompatible with superstrings, have not reduced their claims of supremacy, or viability of the superstrings theory. Indeed, asymptotic safety is often treated as heretic, derided, or labeled by a few, as non-sensical, or fundamentally mistaken. It is despite several hints that asymptotic safety might indeed apply to General Relativity (GR)-based quantum gravity. Having accumulated more and more arguments that position superstrings with respect to multi-fold universes, and that seem to explain some of their challenges, we wonder if we could settle the asymptotic safety once and for all, using conventional Physis, i.e. not multi-fold, or even better, stringy arguments, just as we recently did, in another paper, for de Sitter vacua, and the string swampland, and of course, taking such latter results into account. In this paper, we present arguments that justify, non-perturbatively, the asymptotic safety of gravity in a conventional universe, and in a multi-fold universe. More surprisingly, we encounter a possible touch point between the resulting UV fixed point, and gravity dimensional reduction to 2D processes, where the cosmological coupling in the presence of matter may first be negative, and the UV fixed point might therefore potentially also be described by, or emerge from, superstrings. There are possible smooth transitions between AdS dual and spacetime in the conventional, superstrings and multi-fold cases. However, we do not know if that can be reconciled with the other incompatibilities between SM and superstrings, resulting from the asymptotic safety, which might still exist when considering, the trajectories of the couplings running away from the UV fixed point. In order to be non-perturbative, our approach provides arguments and microscopic justifications for the effects of running the gravitational couplings.
Cytochrome c 3 Mutants of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans

To explore the physiological role of tetraheme cytochrome c 3 in the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20, the gene encoding the preapoprotein was cloned, sequenced, and mutated by plasmid insertion. The physical analysis of the DNA from the strain carrying the integrated plasmid showed that the in- sertion was successful. The growth rate of the mutant on lactate with sulfate was comparable to that of the wild type; however, mutant cultures did not achieve the same cell densities. Pyruvate, the oxidation product of lac- tate, served as a poor electron source for the mutant. Unexpectedly, the mutant was able to grow on hydrogen-sulfate medium. These data support a role for tetraheme cytochrome c 3 in the electron transport pathway from pyruvate to sulfate or sulﬁte in D. desulfuricans G20. The anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria have several low- potential c -type cytochromes that are located in the periplasm and presumably function in electron transfer events. Several members of the genus Desulfovibrio have been shown to have three cytochromes in this class, monoheme cytochrome c 553 , tetraheme cytochrome c 3 , and a high-molecular-weight cyto- chrome c (Hmc) with 16 hemes
MealPattern in theColombianPopulation : Results of theNational Nutrition Survey . ENSIN , 2015 Marı́a del

Background. Information on meal patterns (type, number, relative contribution to energy/day (%), time, and location of meals) is limited or nonexistent.Design. Cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys. Setting. Colombia. Participants. n= 26,115 from 3 to 64 years old. e sample analyzed included 3,127 children between 3 and 4 years old, 13,384 children between 5 and 17 years old, and 9,604 adults between 18 and 64 years old. Data Analysis. Meal patterns were described by age group. rough multiple linear regression, crude and adjusted dierences in the categories of the covariates studied were estimated. e number/day of meals was the dependent variable. Results. e number of meals/day (mean± SD) was 4.4± 0.0, without dierences by sex (P 0.068), current weight (P 0.336) , or wealth index (P 0.480), but there were dierences in the level of education of the head of the household (P< 0.0001) and the level of food security of the household (P< 0.0001). A total of 96.8% of the population eats 3 or more meals/day (95% CI: 96.2, 97.2). e consumption frequency (mean± SD) of the three main meals was 0.95± 0.0 “times/day,” 1.0± 0.0 and 0.95± 0.0, for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, respectively. Lunch is the meal that makes the greatest relative contribution to the total energy consumed (energy/day), 33.9% (95% CI: 32.7, 35.1). Breakfast is eaten outside the home by 13.0% of the subjects, lunch by 26.0%, and dinner by 3.8%. e minimum fasting interval is 9 hours and the maximum is 10 hours and 30 minutes. e meal pattern is equivalent to type “A,” with three main meals and two or three intermediate meals (midmorning andmidafternoon) taken during 15 hours of the day.Conclusions. All age groups hadmore than four meals/day. e number is directly related to socioeconomic level. Lunch is the main meal.
Recognition of Impact of Emotional Labour on Quality Service Delivery: A Study of Some Hotels in South East Nigeria

: The main objective of this study was to investigate the extent to which managers and service employees of hotel organizations in Nigeria have recognized emotional labour as a critical factor in quality service delivery and customer satisfaction. We also investigated the relationship between emotional labour (surface acting (SA), deep acting (DA),) and service quality, and customers’ emotional satisfaction. Data were gathered by the use of structured questionnaires designed in Likert format, and interviews. The focus groups were customer-contact employees, managers and customers of the selected hotels. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 17.0 software. Formulated hypotheses were tested using regression and Correlation methods, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Z-test and t-test for tests of significance. Analysis revealed that emotional labour (SA, DA) was found to have significant relationship with service quality, and customers’ emotional satisfaction. While SA has negative relationship with the above variables, DA has positive relationship. In the 1 to 3-star hotels, service quality and customer satisfaction were found to be low and below expectations. Employees of different grades of hotel perceive and perform emotional labour differently. It was observed that emotional labour as a construct is unfamiliar to service employees hence, they have not accorded adequate recognition to emotional labour as critical factor in quality service delivery. Our conclusion is that performance of emotional labour has significant impact on service quality and customer satisfaction. The realities of emotional labour are not yet clearly understood by majority of hotel employees and managers in the selected hotels. The implication is that the emotional demands of frontline jobs and their emotional contributions towards sustainability and economic success are not appreciated. Above findings have serious human resource implications for the hotel industry in Nigeria. We recommend that hotel organizations should re-design and plan the emotional content and context of their human resources practices to reflect the crucial role emotional labour plays during service encounters.
Asymptotic Theory of (cid:96) 1 -Regularized PDE Identiﬁcation from a Single Noisy Trajectory

We provide a formal theoretical analysis on the PDE identiﬁcation via (cid:96) 1 -regularized Pseudo Least Square method from the statistical point of view. In this article, we assume that the diﬀerential equation governing the dynamic system can be represented as a linear combination of various linear and nonlinear diﬀerential terms. Under noisy observations, we employ the Local-Polynomial ﬁtting for estimating state variables and apply the (cid:96) 1 penalty for model selection. Our theory proves that the classical mutual incoherence condition on the feature matrix F and β ∗ min -condition for the ground-truth signal β ∗ are suﬃcient for the signed-support recovery of (cid:96) 1 -PsLS method. We run numerical experiments on two popular PDE models, viscous Burgers and KdV equations, and the results from the experiments corroborate our theoretical predictions.
Factors associated with cardiorenal syndrome in patients with decompensated heart failure

Objective: to identify cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) prevalence in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure (HF) and its association with sociodemographic and clinical data, admission fi ndings, mortality and length of hospital stay. Methods: a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 379 medical records of adult patients with a medical diagnosis of decompensated chronic HF admitted to a public hospital in the state of São Paulo, throughout 2015. Data collection occurred in 2016. Kidney failure was considered in patients with a previous diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by glomerular fi ltration rate (GFR) <89 mL/ min/1.73 m 2 . Tests with a p value less than or equal to 0.05 were statistically signifi cant. Results: CRS prevalence was 54.1%, with 24.8% being type 1 and 29.3% being type 2. The main factors associated with CRS were: higher
A Course in Group Theory

1. Definitions and examples 2. Maps and relations on sets 3. Elementary consequences of the definitions 4. Subgroups 5. Cosets and Lagrange's Theorem 6. Error-correcting codes 7. Normal subgroups and quotient groups 8. The Homomorphism Theorem 9. Permutations 10. The Orbit-Stabilizer Theorem 11. The Sylow Theorems 12. Applications of Sylow Theorems 13. Direct products 14. The classification of finite abelian groups 15. The Jordan-Holder Theorem 16. Composition factors and chief factors 17. Soluble groups 18. Examples of soluble groups 19. Semi-direct products and wreath products 20. Extensions 21. Central and cyclic extensions 22. Groups with at most 31 elements 23. The projective special linear groups 24. The Mathieu groups 25. The classification of finite simple groups Appendix A Prerequisites from Number Theory and Linear Algebra Appendix B Groups of order < 32 Appendix C Solutions to Exercises Bibliography Index