Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Responses of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies Seedlings to Limited Phosphorus Fertilization and Treatment with Elevated Ozone Concentrations

Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst. ] seedlings were exposed to high phosphorus (HP) or low phosphorus (LP) availability for one growing season in the open field, and to combined P availability and elevated ozone (O 3 ) concentrations (0, 55, 110 and 210 ppb for Scots pine and 0, 40, 75 and 150 ppb for Norway spruce, respectively) for 28 days in controlled laboratory chambers. Compared with HP, the LP treatment reduced Scots pine current-year (C) shoot and root dry masses and Norway spruce total dry mass, whereas the highest O 3 concentrations increased the magnesium concentration of Scots pine C needles and P concentrations of the C needles of both tree species. Chlorophyll a, a+b and carotenoid concentrations of Scots pine C needles were significantly higher in the LP treatment compared with HP under the highest O 3 concentration (210 ppb). In the mesophyll tissue of C needles of both tree species, LP treatment increased the size of mitochondria and elevated O 3 -induced granulation of chloroplast stroma and disintegration of cytoplasm. Exposure to elevated O 3 concentrations increased swelling of chloroplast thylakoids and reduced the amount of vacuolar tannin in the LP Scots pine C needles. The results suggest disturbances in needle photosynthetic machinery due to acute exposure to the combination of elevated O 3 and low P availability. However, clear additive effects were found only in needle P concentrations < 1 mg g -1 in short-term O 3 exposure.
Enhanced Removal of Xenobiotics by Helophytes

The aromatic xenobiotics 2,6-dimethylphenol, 4-chlorophenol and naphthalene were removed using hydroponic cultures of Carex gracilis and Juncus effusus and using sand-bed reactors planted with Carex gracilis and Juncus effusus, respectively, under batch and flow-through conditions. Concentrations of 20 mg/l organic pollutant in the case of 4-chlorophenol, about 30 mg/l naphthalene and 50 mg/l2,6-dimethylphenol were efficiently eliminated over periods of up to six months. Plant cultures were found to achieve a better removal rate than plant-less systems. In the systems investigated, organic xenobiotics are thought to be mainly degraded by bacteria in the rhizosphere. The plants were not observed to suffer any damage when exposed to the above-mentioned pollutant concentrations. Indeed, plants responded to 2,6-dimethylphenol with better growth, implying that the plants benefited from the xenobiotic. However, whereas Carex gracilis plants exposed to more than 10 mg/l 4-chlorophenol initially died off, after a few weeks' of exposure up to 10 mg/l, they tolerated up to 30 mg/l 4-chlorophenol.
Changes in tissue and intestinal serotonin (5-HT) levels in the laboratory rat following feeding and the effect of 5-HT inhibitors on the migratory response of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda)

Following withdrawal of food for 24 h, rats infected with ten 11-day-old Hymenolepis diminuta were given, via stomach tube, either 2 mL water, 1.2 mmol MgSO4 in 2 mL water, 1.2 × 10−3 mmol methysergide hydrogenmaleinate in 2 mL water, or 1.2 × 10−2 mmol methysergide in 2 mL water. Thirty minutes after treatment rats were again given access to food. In untreated control animals and in two further experimental groups which received either 2 mL water or 1.2 × 10−2 mmol methysergide in 2 mL water, food continued to be withheld after treatment.The amount of food ingested was determined, as well as changes in mucosal, luminal, and worm serotonin (5-HT) levels. Changes in worm biomass distribution were also monitored. The addition of the specific 5-HT antagonist methysergide resulted in over a 90% inhibition in worm migratory response; MgSO4 resulted in 67% inhibition indicating a direct relationship between intestinal 5-HT levels and the distribution and the migratory behaviour of H. diminuta within the intesti.
In vitro propagation of Gentiana cerina and Gentiana corymbifera

Abstract The micropropagation of Gentiana cerina and G. corymbifera was investigated. Cultures were initiated from axillary shoots or seed. Seeds of G. corymbifera germinated on a Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium containing 100 mg/litre gibberellic acid (GA3) with 54% of the seed germinating within 70 days. In the absence of GA3 germination did not exceed 5%. Both species proliferated shoots on MS medium supplemented with 6‐benzylaminopurine (BAP). For G. cerina there was no significant difference in proliferation rates for BAP concentrations between 0.05 and 0.5 mg/litre. In contrast G. corymbifera gave highest multiplication rates on 0.2 mg/litre BAP. Addition of 1 mg/litre GA3 to the medium gave improved proliferation compared to treatments in which GA3 was absent. The best treatment for G. cerina resulted in a shoot multiplication rate in excess of 7‐fold after 50 days whereas for G. corymbifera this increase was more than 3‐fold. Root initiation occurred on MS medium supplemented with indole‐3‐butyric a.
Detection of calmodulin and calmodulin-binding proteins in pure phloem sap of rice plants

Abstract Calcium-ligand blots using 45Ca2+ revealed that there were at least four calcium-binding proteins (17, 18.5, 48 and 52 kDa) in the phloem sap of rice plants. Furthermore, an anti-spinach calmodulin antibody cross-reacted strongly with an 18.5 kDa protein from the phloem sap. When electrophoresed on native gels, the anti-calmodulin cross-reacting protein migrated more slowly in the presence of calcium than in its absence. Based on these results, we concluded that the cross-reacting protein was a calmodulin. An 125I-CaM overlay assay revealed that two calmodulin-binding proteins (20 kDa and 40 kDa) were present in the rice phloem sap. Based on these data, it is possible that a calmodulin signal cascade is present in the sieve tubes of rice plants.
Redesigning Rice Photosynthesis to Increase Yield.

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Habitat use and preference by polecats (Mustela putorius L.) in a Mediterranean agricultural landscape

An investigation is reported on the use of and preference for riparian vegetation, road verges, ponds and farms by polecats Mustela putorius L. living in a fragmented cultivated area. Eighteen polecats of both sexes were marked with radio-collars and monitored for 2–18 months each. Individuals were monitored with single nightly radio-locations, and during 12- and 24-h continuous sessions. Sex and seasonal variations in the density of key habitat features within home ranges were analysed. In order to measure the seasonal strength of attraction to key habitat features, the average distance to these features of observed trajectories, and of corresponding Monte-Carlo simulations, was compared. Polecats positively selected riparian vegetation within their home range throughout the year. Female home ranges contained more farms and ponds than those of adult males in the breeding season. Males expanded their home ranges in the breeding season, and the strength of attraction to riparian vegetation and ponds increased accordingly. The remnants of riparian vegetation apparently acted as a key habitat feature providing food and cover. Furthermore, these linear and interconnected landscape elements can facilitate the long-range movements involved in the search for mates.
PUPPING HABITAT USE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN MONK SEAL: A LONG-TERM STUDY

The Mediterranean monk seal gives birth almost exclusively in coastal caves. Given its critical conservation status, the identification and protection of such sites is important for the survival of the species. From 1990 to 2004 we collected data on physical and environmental variables and monitored pupping events in thirty-four coastal caves in Greece. We modeled the probability of cave occupancy as a function of the properties of each cave. Model selection and model averaging enabled us to rank the variables that influenced use of potential pupping sites. Environmental variables related to cave seclusion, substrate, and degree of protection from wind and wave action were the most important among them. The relative importance and directions of these relationships confirm the long-standing assumption that Mediterranean monk seals require sheltered pupping sites, far from sources of human disturbance and thus are progressively limited to isolated parts of the country's coastline. We used cross-validation to examine the predictive ability of our analysis and quantified the sensitivity of our predictions to the degree of extrapolation. We conclude that, although more data are required, the model is capable of predicting occupancy for caves close to the middle of the environmental space examined in this study.
Dealing with obligations: debt, microcredit and gender relations in matrilineal Offinso

This thesis examines the impact of microcredit on women’s livelihoods and relationships in Offinso, an Asante town in Ghana. Based on thirteen months of ethnographic fieldwork, it offers a detailed exploration of the various aspects of women’s experience of microcredit. The main argument is that microcredit is predicated on the notion of obligation. The evidence suggests that women’s involvement in economic activity, the nature of their relationships with lending institutions, and the outcomes of their interactions within the household, all involve the balancing of obligations to different persons and groups at the same time. Conceptualising women’s economic choices in terms of their obligations enables a better understanding of the pragmatic economic choices of the recipients of microcredit. However, the reference to obligation does not imply a total subordination of the individual to social control or moral order. Rather, individuals act in pursuit of their own ethical projects. Indeed, the economic choices of women are sometimes geared towards expanding their freedoms to act in ways that are contrary to traditional moral values about things like marriage and female modesty. This thesis therefore highlights the coexistence of moral obligation and ethical self-formation in the economic conduct of women.
Can oil palm plantations be made more hospitable for forest butterflies and birds

Summary 1Rising global demand for palm oil is likely to exacerbate deforestation rates in oil palm-producing countries. This will lead to a net reduction in biodiversity unless measures can be taken to improve the value of oil palm plantations. 2Here, I investigate whether the biodiversity of oil palm plantations can be increased by determining how forest-dwelling butterflies and birds in these plantations are affected by vegetation characteristics at the local level (e.g. epiphyte prevalence) and by natural forest cover at the landscape level (e.g. old-growth forests surrounding oil palm estates). 3Across transects, vegetation variables explained 0–1·2% of the variation in butterfly species richness and 0–7% of that in bird species richness. The most important predictors of species richness across transects were percentage ground cover of weeds for butterflies; and epiphyte prevalence and presence of leguminous crops for birds. Across estates, natural forest cover explained 1·2–12·9% of the variation in butterfly species richness and 0·6–53·3% of variation in bird species richness. The most important predictors of species richness across estates were percentage cover of old-growth forests surrounding an estate for butterflies; and percentage cover of young secondary forests surrounding an estate for birds. 4Synthesis and applications. In order to maximize biodiversity in oil palm plantations, oil palm companies and local governments should work together to preserve as much of the remaining natural forests as possible by, for example, creating forested buffer zones around oil palm estates or protecting remnant forest patches in the landscape.
A Comparative Study of Injection Ferric Carboxymaltose and Iron Sucrose in Anaemia Complicating Pregnancy

Introduction: Anemia during pregnancy is most commonly caused by iron deficiency anemia. It can cause severe consequences for both the mother and developing fetus. Study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxy maltose (FCM) vs iron sucrose in anaemia in pregnancy. Material and Methods: This is prospective observational study; all women treated with FCM and iron sucrose for anemia during pregnancy between May 2017 and April 2018 at our Hospital were included. Total 110 women were selected. Each study group contained 55 women receiving FCM which was group A and 55 in group B receiving Injection Iron Sucrose between 30 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. Treatment effectiveness was assessed by repeat Hemoglobin and Serum Ferritin level measurement after 2 weeks of completion of therapy. Safety was assessed by analysis of adverse drug reactions during infusion and 2 hours after infusion. Results: Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose infusion significantly increased Hemoglobin values compared to Intravenous ferrous sucrose. None of the women developed serious adverse reaction in FCM group. Conclusion: Ferric carboxymaltose can be used safely in Iron deficiency anemia complicating pregnancy.
Several new species of Amphora and Halamphora from the western USA

Amphora Ehrenberg ex Kützing sensu lato incorporates a large and diverse group of diatoms. Although having its greatest taxonomic diversity in marine environments, inland waters of the USA appear to hold a large amount of undescribed taxa diversity requiring thorough taxonomic investigation. Presented here are descriptions and illustrations of seven new species collected from inland waters of the western USA, based on light and scanning electron microscope observations. Species described include A. copulatoides, A. manifesta and A. waldeniana from the genus Amphora subgenus Amphora and H. coloradiana, H. latecostata, H. punctata and H. subtilis from the genus Halamphora (Cleve) Levkov. This work represents the first steps in a larger taxonomic and systematic investigation into Amphora sensu lato from inland waters of the USA.
Antifungal Resistance Patterns, Virulence Attributes and Spectrum of Oral Candida Species in Patients with Periodontal Disease

Aims: To observe the antifungal resistance pattern, virulence attributes and spectrum of Candida species in oral cavities of patients with periodontal diseases and healthy individuals. Study Design: A total number of 52 patients with periodontal disease and 100 healthy subjects were included in the study. Place and Duration: The study was carried out in the Apex Regional STD Teaching, Training and Research Centre, VMMC and Safdarjang Hospital and Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. Duration of the study was from December 2011 to June 2013. Methodology: Oral swabs were collected from the patients and control group. The specimens Original Research Article Kumar et al.; BMRJ, 5(1): 68-75, 2015; Article no. BMRJ.2015. 008 69 were cultured for Candida and the species identified, according to standard protocols. Antifungal susceptibility testing and virulence tests were performed. Results: Out of 52 patients screened 11 yielded (21%) different Candida species, with Candida albicans (83%) being the commonest and non Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) species accounting for 17 %. Among 100 healthy controls, 23 were colonized by various Candida species, with Candida albicans again as the predominant species. A significant difference (P =.002) was observed in the secretion of proteinase enzyme between the isolates from cases and controls. However, in the distribution of Candida species, antifungal resistance patterns, phospholipase secretion and biofilm formation there was no such significant difference. Conclusion: Our results reveal that there is no significant difference in the distribution of Candida species among healthy subjects and patients with periodontal diseases. Antifungal resistance patterns and expression of some of the important virulence attributes also revealed no differences between the isolates from patients and control populations.
Structural Modifications of Gluten Proteins in Strong and Weak Wheat Dough During Mixing

ABSTRACT The network-forming attributes of gluten have been investigated for decades, but no study has comprehensively addressed the differences in gluten network evolution between strong and weak wheat types (hard and soft wheat). This study monitored changes in SDS protein extractability, SDS-accessible thiols, protein surface hydrophobicity, molecular weight distribution, and secondary structural features of proteins during mixing to bring out the molecular determinants of protein network formation in hard and soft wheat dough. Soft wheat flour and dough exhibited greater protein extractability and more accessible thiols than hard wheat flour and dough. The addition of the thiol-blocking agent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) resulted in similar results for protein extractability and accessible thiols in hard and soft wheat samples. Soft wheat dough had greater protein surface hydrophobicity than hard wheat and exhibited a larger decrease in surface hydrophobicity in the presence of NEM. Formation of high-molecu.
Detection of fumonisins B1, B2, and B3 and hydrolyzed fumonisin B1 in corn-containing foods

Selected corn-containing foods were analyzed for the presence of fumonisins B 1 , B 2 and B 3 (FB 1 , FB 2 , and FB 3 ) and hydrolyzed fumonisin B 1 (HFB 1 ). Samples were extracted with H 2 O/CH 3 CN (1:1). Following a cleanup procedure using a C 18 SPE cartridge, analytical reversed-phase HPLC and fluorometric detection of the o-phthaldialdehyde derivatives were performed. Detection limits were 25 and 50 ng/mL for the FB 1 and FB 2 standards, respectively. FB 1 recovery for three tested levels, ranging from 250 to 1000 ng/g, was 115%
Pulmonary, microbiological and hematological changes in Crotalus durissus terrificus (Serpentes, Viperidae) parasitized by nematodes of the genus Rhabdias (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae)

This study reported the pulmonary, microbiological, and hematological alterations in Crotalus durissus terrificus parasitized by nematodes of the genus Rhabdias. Histological, microbiological, and hematological analysis were performed on parasitized (n=6) and non-parasitized (n=6) snakes. Granulocytic and mononuclear cell infiltrates in the pulmonary parenchyma and epithelium were also observed during the histological analysis of parasitized snakes. Microbiological analysis of parasitized animals revealed the following Gram-negative bacteria: Citrobacter divergens, Burkholderia cepacia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter sakazakii, Enterobacter ammnigenus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pantoea sp. and Providencia rettgeri. In non-parasitized snakes, the following species were identified: B. cepacia, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Acinetobacter baumanii. Increased levels of plasmatic protein, decreased lymphocyte counts, and normal red blood cell values were observed in parasitized animals.
The growth of sugarcane downy mildew fungus in tissue culture

Dual culture of sugarcane downy mildew fungus (Sclerospora sacchari Miyake) was established by placing a diseased sugarcane explant (shoot apex or spindle leaf) on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing 3 ppm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. After 3 weeks incubation, dense mycelia grew both on and in the callus which had developed. The use of different varieties or illumination periods did not affect the growth of the fungus. The hyphae ceased to grow when the infected callus was subcultured. A workable procedure was devised which enabled the hyphae to proliferate on a healthy tissue when diseased tissue was placed near it. Explants excised from either resistant or susceptible varieties could nurse the growth of the fungus, indicating that resistant genes may not be expressed in tissue culture. Histological studies revealed that the callus originated from mesophyll cells in leaf and parenchymatous cells of shoot apical tissue. Intercellular and intracellular hyphae were more concentrated in the p.
Further hybrids involving the perennial autotetraploid oat Avena macrostachya

Chromosome pairing in the triploid hybrid Avena damascena × A. macrostachya is very similar to the chromosome pairing observed in previously reported triploid hybrids involving the A genome diploid taxa A. atlantica and A. prostrata, indicating that little more than residual homology remains between these A genome diploids and either of the genomes of A. macrostachya. The chromosome pairing in the hybrid between A. macrostachya and the C genome diploid A. ventricosa is similar to that observed in the previously reported hybrid A. eriantha × A. macrostachya. In both these hybrids, the frequency of trivalents is greater than that observed in hybrids involving the A genome species and A. macrostachya, which is indicative of closer homology of A. macrostachya to the C genome diploids than the A genome diploids.Key words: Avena, hybrids, interspecific chromosome pairing, phylogeny.
Probability of Fixation of Nonfunctional Genes at Duplicate Loci

The probability that a lethal or nonfunctional gene is fixed at autosomal duplicate gene loci is studied. It is shown that this probability is highly dependent on population size, heterozygous effect of lethal genes, and recombination value between duplicate genes. If effective population size is smaller than 2,000 and lethal genes are completely recessive, the probability that a lethal gene is fixed at one of two duplicate gene loci is high even if they are not linked. If the number of duplicate loci is large and they are linked, the chance that some of them become nonfunctional is even higher, provided lethal genes are completely recessive. This study supports the postulate that there are a large number of nonfunctional genes accumulated in the genomes of higher organisms.
Anatomical Adaptive Strategies to Flooding and Rhizosphere Oxidation in Mangrove Seedlings

Limited information exists on the relation between the capacity of mangrove seedlings to oxidise the rhizosphere and their differential waterlogging tolerance. Laboratory experiments were conducted to estimate radial oxygen loss (ROL) by the entire root, the area of oxidising sites (AOS) on the root surface, root porosity (POR), and the internal diffusive resistance in the ground tissue of seedlings of six mangrove species that show a differential response to flooding. Radial oxygen loss was extremely low in all viviparous seedlings (0.7-1.5 μmol O2 per cm2AOS per day). Differential tolerance of species coincided with the degree of porosity (14.8-45.7%) and the ability of seedlings to develop barriers to oxygen leakage on the root surface. The percentage area of lacunae in the ground tissue of seedlings of the four viviparous species revealed a constriction of the air flow path at the hypocotyl junction. These findings suggest that: (i) the differential tolerance to waterlogging in mangrove seedlings is not simply based on their ability to oxidise the rhizosphere; (ii) the high diffusive resistance in the hypocotyl junction is likely to affect root aeration when the plant's access to air is limited by partial or total submergence; and (iii) waterlogging tolerance is probably a function of the strategy by which roots conserve oxygen to maintain aerobic metabolism for longer periods during submergence. Implications of these findings in seedlings are discussed in relation to other anatomical and morphological adaptations to waterlogging in mature mangroves.