Integração da tafonomia e estratigrafia de sequências no estudo dos lingulídeos da sucessão devoniana da Bacia do Paraná

Devonian fossils of infaunal lingulid brachiopods (lingulids) are the main study object of the present dissertation. Taphonomic and stratigraphic data, associated with the record of the Devonian lingulids were collected. The main factors influencing the choice of this group as the subject of study were: abundance of specimens, their different occurrence forms, absence in some outcrops, and the presence of extant species (i.e.similar animals that live at present and that can cooperate with (paleo)biological, (paleo)ecological and taphonomical studies of the fossil forms). Thirty-two outcrops were analyzed in terms of their lithologies and sedimentary structures; when possible, high resolution taphonomic data was obtained and sequence stratigraphic analyses were preformed on the outcrops. Every fossil specimen found was properly considered, i.e. there was no tendency to collect only lingulids. The investigated outcrops pertain to the Devonian succession of the sedimentary Paraná Basin; presently they occupy the Campos Gerais phytogeographic region, Paraná State, Brazil. A taphonomic database was constructed to analyze the collected material. During the period at the Virginia Tech Institution, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive x-ray was used to analyze lingulids of exceptional preservation. During this same period, statistical analyses were applied to Devonian and Miocenic/Eocenic fossil material containing lingulids. Visits to some museum collections were done with comparative aims, once the taxonomic problematic of the Devonian lingulids had already entered the dissertation list of issues. The main hypothesis of the present dissertation are linked to the following possibilities: (1) the use of recent lingulids to interpret the Devonian lingulid record; (2) that lingulid intrinsic characteristics (i.e. chitinophosphatic shell, infaunal life habit) could act as agents of preferential preservation in different depositional contexts; and (3) the taphonomic analysis being dependent of a true lingulid taxonomy. The obtained results indicate that actualistic data can be used but within these careful paramaters: (1) Devonian lingulids were more biomineralized (though not implying that they were thicker) when compared to recent ones, which could enhance the preservation potential of the fossil lingulids and would affect their taphonomy (this could explain the presence of fragmented lingulids in the Paleozoic record); (2) there is a negative analytical bias accounting for the absence of fragmented lingulids in Cenozoic record; (3) the intrinsic lingulid characteristics can be used as a key to recognize specific depositional environments, over successive systems tracts; and (4) the correct taxonomic identification helps to avoid taphonomical interpretative errors. In the present case, the lingulid type(s) of preservation did not help to achieve an accurate diagnosis of the genus. It was possible, instead, to abolish Lingula and use Lingularia cf. to refer to the Devonian lingulids of the Paraná Basin. Key-words: lingulids, Devonian, taphonomy, sequence stratigraphy, Lingularia, Paraná Basin.