Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analogous Process Structure Induction for Sub-event Sequence Prediction

Computational and cognitive studies of event understanding suggest that identifying, comprehending, and predicting events depend on having structured representations of a sequence of events and on conceptualizing (abstracting) its components into (soft) event categories. Thus, knowledge about a known process such as "buying a car" can be used in the context of a new but analogous process such as "buying a house". Nevertheless, most event understanding work in NLP is still at the ground level and does not consider abstraction. In this paper, we propose an Analogous Process Structure Induction APSI framework, which leverages analogies among processes and conceptualization of sub-event instances to predict the whole sub-event sequence of previously unseen open-domain processes. As our experiments and analysis indicate, APSI supports the generation of meaningful sub-event sequences for unseen processes and can help predict missing events.
Optimal Prediction of Synchronization-Reversal Free Races

Concurrent programs are notoriously hard to write correctly, as scheduling nondeterminism introduces subtle errors that are both hard to detect and reproduce. The most common concurrency errors are (data) races , which occur when memory-conflicting actions are executed concurrently. Consequently, considerable effort has been made towards identifying efficient techniques for race detection. The most common approach is dynamic race prediction : given an observed, race-free trace σ of a concurrent program, the task is to decide whether events of σ can be correctly reordered to a trace σ ∗ that witnesses a race hidden in σ . In this work we introduce the notion of sync(hronization)-reversal free races . A sync-reversal free race occurs in σ when there is a witness σ ∗ in which synchronization operations (e.g., acquisition and release of locks) appear in the same order as in σ . This is a broad definition that strictly subsumes the famous notion of happens-before races. Our main results are as follows. First, we develop a sound and complete algorithm for predicting sync-reversal free races that runs in (cid:72) O ( N ) time and space, for up to a moderate number of other parameters, such as the number of threads. Second, we show that the problem has a Ω( N / log 2 N ) space lower bound, and thus our algorithm is essentially time and space optimal . Third, we show that predicting races with even just a single reversal of two sync operations is NP-complete and even W[1]-hard when parameterized by the number of threads. Thus, sync-reversal freeness characterizes exactly the tractability boundary of race prediction, and our algorithm is nearly optimal for the tractable side. Our experiments show that our algorithm is fast in practice, while sync-reversal freeness characterizes races often missed by state-of-the-art methods.
DEVELOPING CORPORATE BOND MARKET IN BELARUS

Corporate bonds are fundamental financing instruments that are widely held by institutional investors, fund managers and households all over the world. Corporate bonds play an important role in capital markets. As the economy develops, firms try to borrow first in the form of indirect financing (bank loans). At the same time the bigger firms in good standing seek funding in the form of direct finance from the corporate debt and equity markets. Corporate bond market also offers access to longer-dated, unsecured financing for growth businesses. So the importance of corporate bond market in the framework of direct debt finance can be hardly overemphasized. The aim of the article is, while investigating the current state of Belarusian corporate bond market and revealing the challenges within this market, to identify more practical and efficient measures to improve it in line with the best practice of developed markets. The research methods used in this article are scientific abstraction, qualitative methods; statistical methods including data evaluation. The article presents the results of analysis of volumes of corporate and government bonds trading at the platform of the Belarusian Currency and Stock Exchange. The author reveals the problems in Belarusian corporate bond market development as follows: the existing emphasize of household financial savings towards bank deposits; the significant reliance of the corporate sector on bank borrowing; the lack of institutional investors on the demand side; an illiquid secondary market; the lack of information for benchmarking; large borrowing costs for issuers. The analysis shows that coupon rate is considered as the main factor determining the demand and return on Belarusian corporate bonds. By comparison, the main factors at developed bond markets are loan size and credit rating of the issuer. The coupon rate “corridors” have been examined in the article as well for bonds nominated in national currency (BYN) and for bonds nominated in free-convertible currency (EUR, USD). The article concludes that highpriority measures for developing Belarusian corporate bond market are the simplification of the trading procedure, the enhancement of the competition from demand side and the creation of observable benchmarks for issuers and bond investors. All these measures will encourage issuers and investors, both domestic and international, to participate in the Belarusian corporate bond market.
K131 Antarctic sea ice science: A case study of infrastructure, strategies, and skills

​ If you are fortunate enough to have access to a port-side win-dow when flying into McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, you’ll see a long, slender glacier that spills off the south-western flank of Mount Erebus and then floats out into the waters of the Sound. This is the Erebus Glacier tongue, as big as any glacier in New Zealand, but tiny in Antarctic terms. It is also uncommonly narrow relative to its length, and edged by substantial undulations. It has been the focus of research ever since Scott’s last expedition, with geologist Griffith Taylor documenting its structure (Taylor 1922). Remarkably, given the decades-long interval between occurrences, the last few kilometres of the glacier broke off during their time there (Stevens et al. 2013). The abnormal structure, history of research, and ease of access mean it has been scientifically pored over for decades. It was also the starting point for the development of some Antarctic infrastructure that has been a mainstay of New Zealand sea ice research for more than thirty years. Ernest Rutherford is supposed to have said ‘we don’t have much money so we have to think’ (da C. Andrade 1964). In the era of ~10% success rates for funding applications, this could be augmented to additionally say ‘and be flexible and be prepared to take one’s time’. Big science is about big missions, large teams focused on a fundable goal, with its end-points well defined. Certainly, within this envelope, research takes its meanders and, science being science, advances are often found in the side-meanders. What about a different kind of mission? What if the mission is built upon meanders? What if we could go from listening to a glacier through to predicting the impacts of a changing climate?
Biogenic synthesis of Copper nanoparticles using aquatic pteridophyte Marsilea quadrifolia Linn. rhizome and its antibacterial activity

The spread of contagious diseases and the increase in the drug resistance amongst pathogens has enforced the researchers to synthesize biologically active nanoparticles. Development of eco-friendly practice for the synthesis of nanoparticles is growing bit by bit in the field of nano-biotechnology. The present investigation outlines the development of a method to biosynthesize copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) by mixing copper chloride solution with aqueous rhizome extract of Marsilea quadrifolia. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using the UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The UV-vis spectra showed an absorption band at 324 nm. The FTIR measurement revealed the presence of all functional groups having control over reduction and stabilization of the nanoparticles. The SEM micrograph depicts the morphology of biogenically synthesized CuNPs with leaf like structure. The X- ray diffraction pattern confirmed the formation of crystalline nature of CuNPs with an average size of 25.20 nm. Regular gravel like structure of CuNPs was displayed in the AFM image. Additionally, the biosynthesized CuNPs were found to be extremely toxic against two gram positive bacterial strains Bacillus thuringiensis and Streptococcus faecalis.
Effect of Drying Process on the Quality of Table Olives

The present work aimed to investigate the effect of drying conditions (temperature and time) on the quality of green table olives (Oleo eurapaea L.) Picual cultivar during the drying process in order to obtain the best processing conditions to avoid losses and keep product quality of table olive. Oven temperature varied from 50 to 70°C drying rates were determined and the proximate analysis of dried green olives was evaluated by analysis of moisture, protein, ash, fiber and oil contents. Peroxide value, acidity and fatty acids composition of extracted oil from olive samples were determined. Consumer's acceptance test was applied. A comparison of fresh and dehydrated olive showed that oven drying led to decrease of crude protein. Crude fiber content showed a slight increase during drying and may have undergone some alterations in its structure due to Maillard reactions. Ash content also showed a slight variation but may be considered as practically unchanged. Fatty acid analysis revealed that table olives were especially rich in oleic acid and the fatty acid composition did not show significantly change during drying. Olives can be considered as a product with a satisfactory microbiological quality and nutritional value with regard to bioactive ingredients. It brings about substantial reduction in mass and volume which has important economic benefits through reducing packaging and minimizes the volume of containers with maximum net weight, thereby lowering transportation costs, avoids losses and keeps high quality of longer shelf-life of table olives.
Lowering the Barrier for Undergraduates to Learn about Computational Research through a Course-Based Conference Experience

Computer science research is largely communicated through conferences, and these in-person meetings offer a potentially powerful means to engage undergraduates in cutting-edge research. However, attending a conference as an undergraduate is an opportunity reserved for very few students, typically those who are doing relevant research with a faculty member at the time of the meeting. In an effort to give a broader set of students access to a scientific meeting, we describe a pilot study where thirteen students attended an ACM conference as part of an interdisciplinary course. While these numbers are admittedly small, students reported larger average gains in learning about oral and poster presentations compared to a large background population of students who participated in course-based research. In a follow-up survey two and a half years later, the cohort reported that they learned more on average about scientific careers and professional networking compared to other students whose conference attendance was not linked to a course. We find that conference attendance is a promising way to engage a broader swath of students in computer science and interdisciplinary topics.
A Case Report of Alloimmune Hepatitis after Direct-acting Antiviral Treatment in a Liver Transplant Patient

Abstract Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy is often well-tolerated, and adverse events from DAA therapy are uncommon. We report a case of a woman who underwent orthotopic liver transplant for chronic hepatitis C infection and later developed alloimmune hepatitis shortly after starting DAA therapy for recurrent hepatitis C infection. The patient developed acute alloimmune hepatitis approximately 2 weeks after starting treatment with sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir. This case report proposes a dysregulation of immune surveillance due to the DAA stimulation of host immunity and rapid elimination of hepatitis C viral load as a precipitating factor for the alloimmune process, leading to alloimmune hepatitis in a post-transplant patient who starts on DAA.
A GUIDE TO THE STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF BITUMEN- SURFACED ROADS IN TROPICAL AND SUB-TROPICAL COUNTRIES

This Road Note gives recommendations for the structural design of bituminous surfaced roads in tropical and subtropical climates It is aimed at highway engineers responsible for the design and construction of new road pavements and is appropriate for roads which are required to carry up to 30 million cumulative equivalent standard axles in one direction The design of strengthening overlays is not covered nor is the design of earth, gravel or concrete roads Although this Note is appropriate for the structural design of flexible roads in urban areas, some of the special requirements of urban roads, such as the consideration of kerbing, sub-soil drainage, skid resistance, etc , are not covered
Pasture management, grazing, and fire interact to determine wetland provisioning in a subtropical agroecosystem

Wetlands in agroecosystems provide multiple ecosystem services, including provisioning services such as forage production. Here, we examine how pasture management intensity (semi-natural pastures vs. highly managed pastures (fertilized, heavily drained, planted with productive grasses), cattle exclusion (grazed vs. fenced), prescribed fire (burned vs. unburned), and their interactions affect provisioning services provided by small, isolated, and seasonally flooded wetlands in subtropical pastures and rangelands. We used a replicated, full-factorial experiment on 40 seasonally flooded wetlands located in Florida (USA), and measured standing plant biomass and annual net primary productivity in each wetland. Biomass was sorted by species to calculate species abundance of palatable and unpalatable plants. We used general linear mixed models to evaluate the effect of treatments and their interactions on biomass quantity, plant tissue nutrients (% C, % N, and % P), and forage nutritive value (using in vitro organic matter digestibility). Plant standing biomass and productivity were greatest in wetlands embedded in highly managed pastures, but in grazed wetlands, a large proportion of this biomass was unpalatable to cattle. Excluding cattle from wetlands in highly managed pastures increased productivity, standing biomass, and the amount of palatable species (~6.3 t/ha) compared to grazed wetlands (~3.3 t/ha), especially when these wetlands were also exposed to prescribed fire. Total P in plant tissue was consistently higher in wetlands within highly managed pastures, but total N responses to treatments varied between years. In vitro digestibility was higher in vegetation from wetlands within highly managed pastures, but not in fenced wetlands despite the higher amount of palatable species, suggesting that palatability and digestibility were decoupled. Subtropical wetlands in agroecosystems provide substantial provisioning services, and our study suggests that targeted management can increase these services. However, the pasture type surrounding a wetland interacts with grazing and fire management to affect provisioning services. We propose that fencing off selected wetlands (specifically in highly managed pastures) followed by low-intensity grazing with adequate resting periods could benefit ranchers and have less persistent impacts on this ecosystem.
MRI Assessment of Associations between Brown Adipose Tissue and Cachexia in Murine Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Objective: As the major thermogenic tissue in body, the brown adipose tissue (BAT) was recently identified as an important factor to induce the rapid weight loss and malnutrition in malignancy. Current methods for detecting and quantifying brown adipose tissue (BAT) are in limited use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes of BAT tissue and its function in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: Ten-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were inoculated orthotopically with Pan02 tumor cells. R2* maps and two-point Dixon MRI were performed weekly for evaluation of BAT function and volume, respectively. The T2-weighted MRI was applied weekly for monitoring tumor growth. Meanwhile, the body weight was measured daily as another indication of malnutrition. The UCP1 levels in BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) were assessed. The serum IL-6 was also measured as the biomarker of cancer-associated cachexia. Results: T2-weighted MRI indicated the rapid tumor growth from week 3 to week 5 after tumor cell inoculation. The water-fat separated MRI could clearly identify and quantify the BAT. The function and volume of BAT could be monitored by weekly MRI measurement in tumor-bearing mice. The total body weights of PDAC tumor-bearing mice were relatively stable, however, was significantly lower than that of control C57BL/6 mice. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated the feasibility of detection and quantification of BAT in vivo by MRI during the development of pancreatic cancer.
Effect of Harvesting Stages and Nitrogen on Seed Quality and Yield of Jute Mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.)

Production of high quality seeds in African leafy vegetables has not been practiced due to varying reasons including incorrect harvesting stages and fertilizer rates. Jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.) pods do not ripen simultaneously and fruits left to dry on mother plant long before harvesting, which face seed quality deterioration. Timely seed harvesting ensures maximum seed quality attributes of purity, germination and vigour. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of harvesting stages and nitrogen fertilizer on seed quality and yield of Jute mallow. Seed samples from four Jute mallow morphotypes (GEMS, GLMT, BEMS, and BLMT) were planted. Completely randomized block design was used for analysing the effects of nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 60 and 120 kg/ha) with three replicates. Five plants were randomly tagged per plot and seed harvested at three maturity stages of green, tan and black. Seed quality test of purity, germination and vigour were done as per ISTA (2004) and means separation done by DMRT at p≤0.05. Results showed that harvesting stage significantly influenced seed quality attributes, in a way that the maximum purity, germination and seed vigour was detected at tan pod stage and their lowest levels were observed at black pod stage. It can be concluded that best agronomic practices of Jute mallow seed can be attained when they harvested at tan stage together with use of N fertilizer for high seed quality and yield.
The effect of high temperature on mammary epithelial cells proliferation and apoptosis

To study the biological and morphological characters of bovine mammary epithelial cells in response to heat stress, the cells were exposed to temperatures from 37 ℃to 41℃ for 1 hour, and the cell activities and morphological characters were measured by MTT, trypan blue dying, transmission microscopy, and flow cytometry. Results were shown as follows: (1) Cell proliferation was inhibited. The cell number in the treatment groups was significantly lower than that in the control(P0.05). During the recovery period, 6-18 hours at 37 ℃ after treatment,the cell numbers were lower and mitotic phases were shorter in heat-treated groups (treated for more than 5 days)than those in the control group(P0.05). (2)In response to heat stress, the mammary cell nuclei shrank and splintered,the organelles deformed and vacuolated, and the damaged cells developed into apoptosis bodies. (3)By flow cytometric analysis,the numbers of mammary cells arrested at G2 phase after heat shock was significantly higher than in controls(P0.01). It is concluded that heat stress inhibites mammary epithelial cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis.
Studies on the Flavor of Meats

Investigation on the changes of inosinic acid and its related substances in meats (chickens and pigs) revealed that the pathway of the formation and degradation of inosinic acid in meats was as follows: ATP→ADP→AMP→IMP→Inosine→Hypoxanthine. The time and the amount reaching maximum content of inosinic acid in meats were varied with the species of animals and slaughter methods.
The Role of Preoperative Duplex Ultrasound Vessel Mapping in Determining Primary Failure of Pediatric Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistula

The autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access for pediatric and adult patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD). However, the prevalent rate of AVF use in children remains low in the United States. Duplex ultrasonography (DUS) of arm vessels is an essential step in the planning of AVF creation in adults, but its use in children is not described in much detail. In this retrospective study, we examined the role of preoperative DUS in children and adolescents who underwent AVF creation at a single large pediatric hospital, from 2008 to 2017. In addition, we sought to determine the potential risk factors for primary failure (PF), which was defined as the inability to use the AVF for at least a sustained 6-week period either due to thrombosis or any other reasons. We created 67 AVFs in 57 patients (34 male; 60%). The overall PF was 16% (11/67), and higher in cephalic AVF (10/40, 25%) compared to basilic (1/27, 3.7%), P = . 04. The median maturation time was longer for basilic compared to cephalic AVF (105±47 vs. 88±38 days, respectively, P = .006). The size of the juxta-anastomotic vein and artery on preoperative DUS was not significantly different in cephalic versus basilic AVFs. However, the median diameter of the outflow vein was significantly smaller in the cephalic compared to basilic AVF (3.4 mm vs. 4.2 mm, P = .042). In addition, the outflow vein size was the only preoperative factor found to be significant as possible predictor for PF on univariable analysis. The results of this study show that the PF rate and maturation time for AVFs created in children and adolescents are comparable to adults, with the routine use of preoperative DUS. We postulate that vessel selection for AVF in the pediatric population should take into consideration the size of the vein at the outflow (and not just at the anastomosis).
Genetic Relation Analysis on Ramie Cultivars with Microsatellite Markers

SSR, ISSR and RAMP were used to determine the genetic relationships among 20 cultivars in ramie. All of the approaches were able to uniquely fingerprint each of the cultivars. The three assays differed in the amount of polymorphism detected and bands scored. The number of bands scored per assay unit was 8.0 for ISSR, which was the highest, while the numbers for SSR and RAMP were 3.0 and 4.6 respectively. 87.0% of bands generated by SSR were polymorphic, while the percentages of polymorphic bands for ISSR and RAMP were 79.2% and 75.6% respectively. With ISSR, for each primer, an average 5.67 phenotypes could be distinguished, with SSR and RAMP, the number of phenotypes per assay unit were 5.13 and 4.50. According to the hierarchical clustering of a database of the polymorphism detected by SSR, ISSR and RAMP, 20 cultivars of ramie could be divided into four types. The cultivars with the same root type and close geographic distribution were clustered in the same types. The result showed that SSR, ISSR and RAPM could be used to analyze the genetic relationships among ramie cultivars.