Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Edinburgh Explorer Whole genome sequencing in the Middle Eastern Qatari population identifies genetic associations with 45 clinically relevant traits

Clinical laboratory tests play a pivotal role in medical decision making, but little is known about their genetic variability between populations. We report a genome-wide association study with 45 clinically relevant traits from the population of Qatar using a whole genome sequencing approach in a discovery set of 6218 individuals and replication in 7768 subjects. Trait heritability is more similar between Qatari and European populations ( r = 0.81) than with Africans ( r = 0.44). We identify 281 distinct variant-trait-associations at genome wide signi ﬁ cance that replicate known associations. Allele frequencies for replicated loci show higher correlations with European ( r = 0.94) than with African ( r = 0.85) or Japanese ( r = 0.80) populations. We ﬁ nd differences in linkage disequilibrium patterns and in effect sizes of the replicated loci compared to previous reports. We also report 17 novel and Qatari-predominate signals providing insights into the biological pathways regulating these traits. We observe that European-derived polygenic scores (PGS) have reduced predictive performance in the Qatari population which could have implications for the translation of PGS between populations and their future application in precision medicine. if they are Qatari nationals or long-term residents ( ≥ 15 years living in Qatar) aged 18 years and older. The study covers extensive baseline sociodemographic data, clinical and behavioral phenotypic data, biological samples, as well as clinical biomarkers. All QBB participants signed an informed consent form prior to their participation; and the study was approved by Hamad Medical Corporation Ethics Committee and QBB institutional review board. Heritability and GWAS analyses were performed on data from the ﬁ rst QBB data release (6218 QBB participants). Replication analyses were based on an additional 7768 QBB participants from the second QBB data release. QBB IRB committee. A detailed description of the data management infrastructure for QBB was described previously 28 . Data used in this study to assess replication of known loci are available in the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of human genome-wide association studies [https://www.ebi. ac.uk/gwas/], the Phenoscanner database [http://www.phenoscanner. medschl.cam. ac.uk], and the Experimental Factor Ontology (EFO) terms database [https://www.ebi. ac.uk/ols/ ontologies/efo]. The Nhlh1 knockout mice data used in this study are available in the international mouse phenotyping consortium database [https://www.mousephenotype. org]. The polygenic scoring ﬁ les used in this study are available in the Polygenic Score Catalog
Effect of immersion in sodium hypochlorite on the cyclic fatigue resistance of three rotary instruments

Context: It is essential to know if the immersion in sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) influences the cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titaniumm (NiTi) files. Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the resistance to the cyclic fatigue of three NiTi systems, as well as the influence of 5.25% NaOCl on their resistance. Methods: Files from the Sequence Rotary File (MK life, Porto Alegre, Brazil), ProTaper Next (PTN) (Dentsply, Maillefer, Baillagues, Switzerland), and HyFlex EDM (Coltène Whaledent, Allstatten, Switzerland) systems were tested and separated into Group 1)-without immersion in NaOCl solution and Group 2 and Group 3-immersed in 5.25% NaOCl solution, for 1 min, and 5 min, respectively. All instruments were submitted to the cyclic fatigue test. Images of the instruments were observed by scanning electron microscopy, to evaluate the type of defect presented on the fractured surface. The test performed for the analysis of two independent factors was a two-way analysis of variance. Results: HyFlex EDM presented a greater number of cycles until fracture when compared to others (P < 0.001). The control group showed a greater number of cycles until fracture than the same instruments submitted to NaOCl (P < 0.001). Sequence instruments showed the lowest values of cycles until fracture (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between treatments (P = 0.998). PTN, showed intermediate values of fracture resistance when compared to the HyFlex EDM and sequence instruments (P < 0.001), but without intragroup differences (P = 0.437). Conclusions: Hyflex EDM instruments were the most resistant to cyclic fatigue.
Effect of Addition of Germinated Moringa Seed Flour on the Quality Attributes of Wheat‐based Cake

The effects of substituting germinated Moringa seed flour for wheat flour on the rheological properties of flour blends and cake quality were investigated. Wheat and germinated Moringa seed flour were blended at different proportions. Pasting properties of wheat flour were influenced by germinated Moringa seed flour substitution. Substitution of the germinated Moringa flours for wheat flour increased protein, crude fiber, iron, calcium and zinc contents of cakes from 13.14 to 23.10%, 0.71 to 2.52%, 2.95 to 7.88 mg/100 g, 48.29 to 54.56 mg/100 g and 0.86 to 1.44 mg/100 g, respectively, while carbohydrate content decreased from 65.40 to 51.08%. Physical properties of cakes were influenced by substitution of germinated Moringa seed flour for wheat. There was no significant (P ≥ 0.05) difference in crust and crumb color, aroma and texture between 100% wheat cake and composite cakes. The taste and overall acceptability of composite cakes up to 30% germinated Moringa seed flour substitution were not significantly (P ≥ 0.05) different from the whole wheat flour cake. Practical Applications This study provided some basic information required for production of wheat-germinated Moringa seed-based cake. Considering the high protein and mineral contents of Moringa seeds and its lower carbohydrate content compared with wheat, this food product will be beneficial to the nutrition of vulnerable groups.
To compare and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of three different root canal sealers: An In Vitro Study

Aim of the Study: The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the antimicrobial activity of three different root canal sealers. Materials and Methods: In this study, the antimicrobial activity of three different root canal sealers were compared against two strains of bacteria Enterococcus faecalis which is known to be common isolates of necrotic pulp and endodontic lesions. This test was done at various time intervals (1, 6, 15, and 60 min) using agar diffusion test and direct contact test. Results: Bioceramic showed the best antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis among the three groups of sealers used. Moreover, the results were statistically analyzed. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that Bioceramic sealer showed the best antimicrobial activity followed by MTA Fillapex and Apexit.
Root canal isthmi and interorifice distance in human permanent teeth of an Indian subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography: A retrospective cross-sectional study

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of root canal isthmus (RCI) and measure the interorifice distance (IOD) between the root canals. Additionally to correlate IOD with the RCI in human permanent teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in an Indian sub-population (Chennai). Materials and Methods: A total of 5881 teeth from 280 CBCT full mouth scans were analyzed. The presence or absence of complete and incomplete RCI of each tooth was identified using the map-reading strategy. IOD was calculated by measuring the distance between the center of each root canal orifice to that of the center of the adjacent orifice at the level of the cementoenamel junction using the axial and sagittal sections. Chi-square analysis and correlation statistics using Spearman's rank-order test was done (P < 0.05). Results: High prevalence of RCI was found in maxillary first premolars, mesial root of mandibular molars, and mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molars, while its prevalence was low in maxillary canines and mandibular premolars and absent in maxillary incisors. RCI was predominantly seen in the cervical and middle third of the root canal in all the teeth evaluated. A weak negative correlation was established between the IOD and RCI for maxillary premolars, whereas a weak positive correlation was seen in maxillary first molars and mandibular second molars. Conclusion: The prevalence of RCI was high in the posterior teeth in comparison to the anterior teeth in the present study. There was no strong correlation between IOD and RCI in all the teeth evaluated.
Modeling of glow discharge-induced fluid dynamics

Modeling of fluid dynamics and the associated heat transfer induced by plasma between two parallel electrodes is investigated. In particular, we consider a capacitvely coupled radio frequency discharge plasma generator, where the plasma is generated on the surface of a dielectric circuit board with electrode strips on the top and bottom. The electrodes have a thickness of 100 μm, which is comparable to the height of the boundary layer. The regime considered is that the electron component is in the non-equilibrium state, and the plasma is nonthermal. Overall, due to the ion and large fluid particle interaction, the pressure is higher in the downstream of the electrode, causing the velocity structure to resemble that of a wall jet. Parameters related to the electrode operation, including the voltage, frequency, and free stream speed are varied to investigate the characteristics of the plasma-induced flow. Consistent with the experimental observation, the model shows a clear dependence of the induced jet vel.
Modeling approach to derive the anisotropic complex refractive index of polymer:fullerene blends for organic solar cells utilizing spectroscopic ellipsometry

Abstract. The knowledge of the complex refractive indices of all thin layers in organic solar cells (OSCs) is a prerequisite for comprehensive optical device simulations that are particularly important for sophisticated device architectures, such as tandem OSCs. Therefore, refractive indices are often determined via spectroscopic ellipsometry and subsequent time-consuming modeling. Here, we investigate a modeling approach that allows for the determination of complex refractive indices of bulk-heterojunctions by superimposing the optical models of the respective fullerenes and polymers. The optical constants of neat [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), poly{[4,4’-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno(3,2-b;2’,3’-d)silole]-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,1,3-benzothidiazole)-4,7-diyl} (PSBTBT) and poly[2,6-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b′′]dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole) (PCPDTBT) are determined, covering the OSC relevant spectral region from 250 to 1,000 nm. Then the blends PSBTBT:PC71BM and PCPDTBT:PC71BM are described within an effective medium approximation. From this approximation, the mass density ratio of polymer and fullerene can be derived. This approach furthermore allows for a uniaxial anisotropic optical description of the polymers and provides insight into thin-film morphology. In contrast to x-ray diffraction experiments, this method also allows for probing amorphous materials. Spectroscopic ellipsometry can be a valuable tool for the investigation of bulk-heterojunction morphologies of the latest high-performance OSC materials that exhibit a low degree of crystallinity.
Modelling cloud processing of aerosol during the ACE-2 HILLCLOUD experiment

A numerical model has been used to simulate the conditions observed during the ACE-2 Hillcloud experiment and to study the processes which may be taking place. The model incorporates gas phase chemistry of sulphur and nitrogen compounds upstream of the cloud, and the interaction of aerosol, precursor trace gases and oxidants within the cloud. Gas phase and aerosol inputs to the model have been provided from measurements made in the field. Dynamics of the air flow over the hill consisted of simple prescribed dynamics based on wind speed measurements, and also for some cases modelled dynamics. In this modelling study, it was found that during clean case studies particles down to 40-55 nm diameter were activated to form cloud droplets, the total number of droplets formed ranging from 200 to 400 drops/cm(3) Significant modification of the aerosol spectra due to cloud processing was observed. In polluted cases particles down to 65-80 nm diameter were activated to form cloud droplets, the total number of droplets ranging from 800 to 2800 drops/cm(3). Modification of the aerosol spectra due to cloud processing was slight. In all cases, changes in the aerosol spectra were due to both the uptake of HNO3, HCl, NH3 and SO2 from the gas phase, (the SO2 being oxidised to sulphate) and the repartitioning of species such as HNO3, HCl, and NH3 from larger particles onto smaller ones. Modelling results have been compared with observations made. Modelled droplet numbers are typically within 20% of the best measured values. The mode of the droplet distribution typically around 10 20 mu m for clean cases and 4-8 mu m for polluted cases was found to be in good agreement with the measured values of 10-25 mu m for clean cases, but not in such good agreement for polluted cases. Measurements of upwind and interstitial aerosol distributions showed that the smallest particles activated were 30 and 50 nm for clean and polluted cases respectively, slightly smaller than the model values quoted above. Measured upwind and downwind aerosol spectra showed similar modification to that predicted by the model in eight out of the eleven model runs carried out. Chemistry measurements also give general evidence for both the uptake of species from the gas phase, and repartitioning of species from large particles onto smaller ones, though comparisons For individual cases are more difficult. From this modelling study, it can be concluded that in general, in the remote environment the exchange of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and ammonia between aerosol particles and take up from the gas phase in the vicinity of cloud may be a very important mechanism in regulating the evolution of the aerosol spectrum. Further, the much more linear relationship between cloud droplet and accumulation mode aerosol number, which was observed in the measurements made during the ACE-2 HILLCLOUD project is supported by these modelling results. The implications of this for the indirect effect will be explored in future work.
Early Epidemiological analysis of CoVID-19:  First report from South of Iran

Background: Despite the whole world’s effort for controlling, an ongoing global outbreak of lower respiratory tract disease, caused by new corona virus; led to a major public health issue. Current study aims to evaluate the characteristics of infected case in Fars, IranMethods: According to the referral of suspicious patients during one month, 2538 samples were evaluated and extracted for Viral RNA nucleic acids by using the Invitrogen ChargeSwitch® Total RNA Cell Kit (Invitrogen Co.). Data were recorded based on the standardized data collection forms shared by WHO and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium. Results: By 19 March 2020, 440 admitted patients had been identified with CoVID-19 confirmation. More than 50% of cases were men. Mean age were estimated 48.15 ±18.07. Of all the patients, 30 (6.81%) had a history of travel to Qom city, which was the first infected zone in Iran, also 92(20.90%) had close contact with contaminated or suspected individuals. The mortality rate was estimated 2. 95% (13 cases). Cardiovascular disease (25, 5.68%), diabetes (33, 7.5%), and hypertension (35, 7.95%) were the most common co-existing disorders. Patients with underlying disease are more in danger of death [OR: 11.64, (95%CI 3.14 – 43.18), p= 0.0002]. Conclusion: Human to human transmission of SARS-CoV-II causes Fars province in southwest of Iran become infected and 440 cases identified during one month. The SARS-Cov-2 is more likely to affect male sex and individuals with old age and underlying disorders.
Financial Distress as an Agency Problem: Evidence on Non-Monotonic and Substitute Discipline Effects of Leverage and Competition

This paper addresses two issues encountered in the empirical financial distress literature: a-theoretical treatment of leverage and product-market competition as predictors of financial distress hazard; and lack of attention to frailty as a potential source of bias in reported estimates. We address the first issue by postulating that financial distress is essentially a managerial e↵ort problem, mitigated by leverage and product-market competition as substitute disciplining devices with non-monotonic e↵ects. To address the second issue, we utilize a multi-level financial distress hazard model with frailty. Drawing on an unbalanced panel of 13,986 listed firms from 1992 2014, we report three novel findings: (i) the e↵ect of leverage on financial distress hazard is inverted-U-shaped; (ii) the e↵ect of the competition is U-shaped; and (iii) leverage and competition are substitute disciplining devices that mitigate each other’s adverse e↵ects on financial distress hazard. The predictive power of the proposed model is high, and the results remain strongly or moderately robust to various sensitivity checks.
A Quantitative/Qualitative Approach to OCR Error Detection and Correction in Old Newspapers for Corpus-assisted Discourse Studies

The use of OCR software to convert printed characters to digital text is a fundamental tool within diachronic approaches to Corpus-assisted discourse Studies because allow researchers to expand their interest by making many texts available and analysable through a computer. However, OCR software are not totally accurate, and the resulting error rate compromises their e ﬀ ectiveness. This paper proposes a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach to OCR error detection and correction in order to develop a methodology for compiling historical corpora. The proposed approach consists of three main steps: corpus creation, OCR detection and correction, and application of the automatic rules. The rules are implemented in R using a “tidyverse” approach for a better reproducibility of the experiments.
Computer Aided Surgery: Application to Aortic Dissection

In cardiovascular disease, aortic dissection is relatively unknown and difficult to treat. Endovascular treatment seeks to obliterate the entrances to the false lumen with a stent. The currently available surgical tools for endovascular procedures are selected only from information based on medical imaging techniques. The images are carried out before the intervention and therefore do not consider the deformation of the vascular structure by the implementation of the prosthesis. While many biomechanical studies have been done on the endovascular treatment of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta, there are, however, very few such studies on aortic dissections. This paper aims to present a numerical tool, from the open-source software FOAM-Extend®, allowing for Multiphysics numerical simulations performing the fluid-structure coupling between the hemodynamics and the arterial deformation to assist in the planning process. And, in addition using Abaqus software we realize the placement of the surgical tools in a ‘biomecano-faithful’ model.
Determinant Factors of E-Commerce and Impacts on Increasing Company Performance

The implementation of a travel service company is expected to adopt e-commerce as a digitizing company to facilitate online marketing and sales. This study aims to examine and analyze the factors that influence company performance with independent variables consisting of integrated information systems, networking, and technological innovation, using the e-commerce adoption variable as an intervening variable. The data collection method uses a questionnaire distributed to 70 companies engaged in services, namely travel, by using a purposive sampling technique. The population of 103 samples consisted of the travel owner, service department, and marketing department. Data were analyzed using SEM from the PLS 3.0 application. The study results with a significance of 5% to show a significant influence that integrated information systems, networking, and technological innovation have a significant impact on company performance through e-commerce adoption. The adoption of e-commerce as an intervening variable has a significant effect on company performance. This research is supported by the theory (TOE) Technology, Organization, Environment and (RBV) Resource-Based View Theory which theoretically can provide evidence about the factors that influence the adoption of e-commerce in terms of technology, organization, and environment, this research provides support for research progress in the scope of management, especially in terms of company performance, and contribute to the development of information technology in the use of e-commerce in the range of travel service companies.
Fungi in aquatic habitats near St Andrews in Scotland

The species composition and diversity of wood inhabiting fungi was compared in three aquatic habitats, a marine, an estuarine and a freshwater site, in order to determine whether the species present in these areas are cosmopolitan, or if there is a distinct separation between the sites correlated with the change in water conditions. Both molecular and morphological analysis were used for identification purposes. In total 35 species were observed, and three of these species, Fusarium sp. 1, Orbilia sp. and Neonectria lucida, were found at more than one site. Seventeen species were observed in both the freshwater and estuarine sites (Kinness Burn and Guardbridge, respectively), but only four were present at Kinkell Rocks, the marine site. The Shannon Wiener Diversity Index was highest for the freshwater Kinness Burn site (2.8) and lowest for the marine Kinkell Rocks (1.33). The Sorensen’s Index of Similarity confirmed that there were no species in common between the marine site, and either of the other sites. The Index between the estuarine and freshwater sites (0.18) suggest that there is some overlap in species composition, but there was still a wide variation in species identity between the two sites. The diversity of the mycota inhabiting the aquatic environments decreased in more saline habitats. The ratio of anamorphs to teleomorphs decreased with a reduction in salinity. Ascomycetes were the most prevalent group of fungi on the wood substrate in the freshwater and estuarine sites.
Preparation and Properties of Gallium Phosphide Doped by Rare-Earth Elements

GaP single crystals have been grown from 5at. % solution of P in Ga with (0.01-0.1)at. % of La, Sm or Gd as dopants. Electric properties, photoconductivity and luminescence of the crystals have been investigated by standard methods. Energy levels of impurities, mobility and concentration of current carriers have been determined in wide temperature region. It was shown that nitrogen (N) and other uncontrolled impurities present in the crystals due to some peculiarities of crystal growth. The intrinsic RE impurity luminescent spectra can be seen only together with spectra of excitons bounded on N traps. The evaluation of quantum eficiency for RE impurity made on the base of luminescence decay measurements gives the value close to 1. The interpretation of GaP:RE luminescence spectra is presented as intrashell transitions activated by bound exciton recombination as well as D-A and D-valency band transitions between some contaminating impurity (donor) and RE element (acceptor).