Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forest Fire Risk Assessment and Proposal for Fire Stations in different Geographical Regions of Central Nepal

Forest fire is considered as the most persistent terrestrial disturbance affecting ecosystems, natural resources and threats to human life. Nepal predominantly faces forest fires during dry seasons (November-June) with increasing trend in the recent years that need proper management interventions. In line to this, our paper aims at assessing fire risk zones in four districts of central Nepal representing different geographical characteristics, through hotspot analysis and further proposing potential fire stations. Data acquired from Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) was projected through the Projected Coordinate System and integrated into ICOUNT for hotspot analysis using Neighbor Count Tool and Getis-Ord Gi* tool, Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) technique and neighborhood function for proposing fire stations from ArcGIS. It was observed that hotspots and cold spots are demonstrated by points with the values 6.969622 > z > 0.926061 (red) and -1.705619 < z < -0.926060 (blue). Likewise, in terms of physiography, Chure zone has the highest concentration of hotspots followed by Terai whereas cold spots are mostly concentrated in the Hilly region. In order to mitigate the problem of forest fire, establishment of fire stations for the areas with road access is pertinent, while in areas with poor, or without road access, formation of Forest Fire Management Committee (FFMC) is recommended. These management interventions can serve as a milestone for prevention and control of forest fire in the days to come, for Nepal.
Molecular Biology and Therapeutic Targets of Primitive Tracheal Tumors: Focus on Tumors Derived by Salivary Glands and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Primary tracheal tumors are rare, constituting approximately 0.1–0.4% of malignant diseases. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) account for about two-thirds of these tumors. Despite most primary tracheal cancers being eligible for surgery and/or radiotherapy, unresectable, recurrent and metastatic tumors may require systemic treatments. Unfortunately, the poor response to available chemotherapy as well as the lack of other real therapeutic alternatives affects the quality of life and outcome of patients suffering from more advanced disease. In this condition, target therapy against driver mutations could constitute an alternative to chemotherapy, and may help in disease control. The past two decades have seen extraordinary progress in developing novel target treatment options, shifting the treatment paradigm for several cancers such as lung cancer. The improvement of knowledge regarding the genetic and biological alterations, of major primary tracheal tumors, has opened up new treatment perspectives, suggesting the possible role of biological targeted therapies for the treatment of these rare tumors. The purpose of this review is to outline the state of knowledge regarding the molecular biology, and the preliminary data on target treatments of the main primary tracheal tumors, focusing on salivary-gland-derived cancers and squamous cell carcinoma.
Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Colonization and Infections in Large Retrospective Cohort of Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Patients

Few data are available on incidence of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) colonization and infections in mechanically ventilated patients, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. We retrospectively evaluated all patients admitted to the COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) of Hub Hospital in Milan, Italy, during October 2020‒May 2021. Microbiologic surveillance was standardized with active screening at admission and weekly during ICU stay. Of 435 patients, 88 (20.2%) had MDROs isolated ≤48 h after admission. Of the remaining patients, MDRO colonization was diagnosed in 173 (51.2%), MDRO infections in 95 (28.1%), and non-MDRO infections in 212 (62.7%). Non-MDRO infections occurred earlier than MDRO infections (6 days vs. 10 days; p<0.001). Previous exposure to antimicrobial drugs within the ICU was higher in MDRO patients than in non-MDRO patients (116/197 [58.9%] vs. 18/140 [12.9%]; p<0.001). Our findings might serve as warnings for future respiratory viral pandemics and call for increased measures of antimicrobial stewardship and infection control.
Unresolved Issues Associated with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Treatment of Chronic Tinnitus

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been investigated as a potential treatment for chronic tinnitus for 20 years. Numerous studies have reported that repetitive TMS (rTMS) has demonstrated efficacy for reducing the severity of tinnitus and its associated co-conditions such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia. However, some researchers have reported that active rTMS is no more effective than sham (placebo) rTMS as a tinnitus treatment method. There are numerous unresolved issues in this field that need to be addressed before rTMS can become a viable treatment for tinnitus. These issues include the type or brand of TMS system and its configuration; coil type, orientation, and placement method; scalp or neural target; laterality of rTMS application; dual site vs. single site stimulation; stimulation frequency and intensity; number of sessions; number of pulses per session; determination of the resting motor threshold (rMT); characteristics of the study population and their tinnitus; and outcome measures and follow-up assessments. To address and resolve these issues, large-scale, multi-site clinical trials of rTMS for tinnitus need to be conducted to determine which rTMS protocols are the most effective. In the absence of such investigations, the issues that need to be studied and addressed remain unresolved and continue to impede the clinical application of this treatment method.
High-energy electron local injection in top-gated metallic superconductor switch

The gate-tunable superconductivity in metallic superconductors has recently attracted significant attention due to its rich physics and potential applications in next-generation superconducting electronics. Although the operating principles of these devices have been attributed to the small leakage currents of high-energy electrons in recent experiments, the generated phonons can spread over considerable distances in the substrate, which may limit their further applications. Here, we utilize a top gate structure with monocrystalline h-BN as a gate dielectric and demonstrate the gate-adjustable supercurrent in a metallic Nb microbridge. The gate current of the devices perfectly follows the Fowler–Nordheim law of field emission, indicating that the injection of high-energy electrons presumably causes the suppression of the supercurrent. Our devices reduce the distance between the gate and the microbridge to a few nanometers or less, significantly minimizing the generated phonons’ spreading distance and power dissipation in the substrate or surrounding environment. These observations demonstrate that top-gated metallic superconducting switches with local electron injection can improve the device integration density, providing us with more versatile and practical opportunities to explore superconducting circuit architecture.
Rationale for Prostate-Specific-Membrane-Antigen-Targeted Radionuclide Theranostic Applied to Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), whose high expression has been demonstrated in metastatic aggressive prostate adenocarcinoma, is also highly expressed in the neovessels of various solid tumors, including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In the VISION phase III clinical trial, PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy (PRLT) with lutetium 177 demonstrated a 4-month overall survival OS benefit compared to the best standard of care in heavily pretreated metastatic prostate cancer. Despite the improvement in the management of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) with antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and immunotherapy, there is still a need for new treatments for patients who progress despite these drugs. In this study, we discuss the rationale of PRLT applied to the treavtment of mccRCC.
Knowledge of Infection Control among Female Dental Assistants in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia

Infection prevention must be a top concern in all dental settings, regardless of the level of care offered, and all settings must be set up to follow standard precautions and other infection prevention guidelines. This study's objective was to evaluate dental assistants' knowledge with infection control guidelines. In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, a cross-sectional survey of female dental assistants was carried out. To collect information on knowledge of infection control, a 27-question survey was given out from January to March 2023. Comparisons that were both descriptive and statistical were made. The sample for the study included 125 female dental assistants. Among participants, correctly knew the essentials of infection control scored 88%. The percentage of correct responses for the understanding of personal protective equipment (PPE) was high (97%). The least amount of knowledge (82%) was possessed about sterilizing dental equipment. No statistically significant differences were found between any of the comparisons. With limitations, we concluded from the study that, with an overall score of 88%, the participants were knowledgeable on ways to decrease infection in dental clinics. Promoting infection control practices, risk awareness education, and initiatives that encourage the adoption of all precautions should be prioritized. Dental assistants need to have more information given how crucial infection control is to their field of work.
Continuing Coercive Control After Intimate Partner Femicide: The Role of Detection Avoidance and Concealment

Links between IPF and homicide concealment have been observed but not explained. We theorize IPF perpetrators use concealment to continue coercively controlling investigators, children, courts and finances post-IPF. We compare abuse in the relationship and surrounding IPF in five diverse cases. Facilitated by concealment, offenders use versatile, subtle and overt tactics to extend control post-IPF. They capitalize on opportunities for concealment and regaining control, sometimes without other benefits. Tactics are akin to those employed previously, aligning with the power and control wheel. Concealment allows offenders to dominate the death narrative and assists with remaining unaccountable.
Could Vulnerability to Motion Sickness and Chronic Pain Coexist within a Sensorimotor Phenotype? Insights from over 500 Pre-Pain Motion Sickness Reports

Background: The sensorimotor incongruence theory proposes that certain instances of pain result from conflicts in the brain’s sensorimotor networks. Indeed, injuries may cause abnormalities in afferent and cortical signaling resulting in such conflicts. Motion sickness also occurs in instances of incongruent sensorimotor data. It is possible that a sensory processing phenotype exists that predisposes people to both conditions. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether participants with chronic pain recall greater susceptibility to motion sickness before chronic pain onset. Method: Data were collected via an online LimeSurvey. A self-report tendency toward motion sickness was measured using the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire. Group differences were analysed using analysis of covariance methods. Results: 530 patients (low back pain, n = 198; neck pain, n = 59; whiplash-associated disorder, n = 72; fibromyalgia syndrome, n = 114; Migraine, n = 41) and 165 pain-free controls were surveyed. ANCOVA analysis, using sex and anxiety as covariates, suggested that childhood motion sickness susceptibility scores differed by group (F = 2.55 (6, 615), p = 0.019, (ηp2) = 0.024). Planned comparisons, with corrected p-values, suggested that childhood motion sickness was not statistically greater for low back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine, neck pain or whiplash-associated disorder (ps > 0.05), although scores were on average 27%, 42%, 47%, 48% and 58% higher, respectively. Childhood susceptibility was statistically higher in people with FMS (p = 0.018), with scores on average 83% higher than controls. ANCOVA analysis, using sex and anxiety as covariates, suggested that adult motion sickness susceptibility scores did not differ by group (F = 1.86 (6, 613), p = 0.086), although average scores were, on average, at least 33% higher in persistent pain groups. Conclusions: According to retrospective reporting, greater susceptibility to motion sickness appears to pre-date persistent pain in some conditions. This supports the possibility that motion sickness and chronic pain may, in some cases, have overlapping mechanisms related to the handling of incongruent sensorimotor data.
Novel Geometric Parameters for Assessing Flow Over Realistic Versus Idealized Urban Arrays

Urban heterogeneity, such as the variation of street layouts, building shapes, and building heights, cannot be fully represented by density parameters commonly used in idealized urban environmental analyses. To address this shortcoming and better model flow fields over complex urban neighborhoods, we propose two novel descriptive geometric parameters, alignedness and building facet entropy, which quantify the connectivity of inter‐building spaces along the prevailing wind direction and the variation of building facet orientations, respectively. We then conducted large eddy simulations over 101 urban layouts, including realistic urban configurations with uniform building height as well as idealized building arrays with variable heights, and evaluated the resulting bulk flow properties. Urban canopy flow over realistic neighborhoods resembles staggered building arrays for low urban densities but becomes similar to aligned configurations beyond λp ∼ 0.25 where the realistic flow is less sensitive to changes in density. We further show that compared to traditional density parameters (such as plan and frontal area densities), the mean alignedness, a measure of connectivity of flow paths in street canyons, better predicts canopy‐averaged flow properties. Furthermore, for realistic urban flow, the dispersive momentum flux shows a clear increasing trend with building density, and a decreasing trend with alignedness, which is in contrast with idealized cases that exhibit no clear trend. This distinct behavior further highlights the necessity of evaluating flow over realistic urban layouts for flow parameterization. This study provides an improved method of describing urban layouts for flow characterization that can be applied in neighborhood‐scale urban canopy parameterization.
Model-based tracking of moving objects in cluttered environments

We explore a coherent statistical/Bayesian framework for tracking rigid or non-rigid objects in highly cluttered environments. The procedure involves three basic models: (i) an object representation, (ii) a dynamic model, and (iii) a data or observation model. We employ two object representations deformable templates, and a hierarchical/syntactic model; the deformations of the template are parametrized by a finite number of global parameters viewed as generalized coordinates of the model; they determine the state space of the tracking problem. The dynamic model describes the evolution of the generalized coordinates (or the corresponding state vector); our dynamic model is a non-Gaussian Markov chain whose transition probabilities are derived from Lagrangian mechanics. We introduce two data models: one nonlinear and one linear (Gaussian); the design of the two models uses different image processing techniques. The nonlinear filtering problem induced by three models is solved both by the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), and an iterative algorithm—to be referred to as the Monte Carlo Filter (MCF)— introduced in the statistic literature and first employed in Computer Vision by Blake and Isard. We present several tracking experiments with real video sequences. In each experiment we implement both MCF and EKF, and their performances are compared. Overall, we find that MCF is more robust than EKF in situations with considerable clutter and/or occlusions, but EKF is comparable and sometimes more accurate than MCF in situations with less occlusion and degradation. Our studies also demonstrate that when the motion Received August 8, 2001. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 68T45, 62H35, 65C60. The first author was partially supported by ARO/MURI grant DAAH04-96-1-0445, NSF Grant DMS0074276, and CNPq Grant 301179/00-0. The second author was supported in part by CNPq Grant 300708/93-9. E-mail address: gidas@dam.brown. edu E-mail address: carvalho@lia.ufc. br E-mail address: crobertson@agency.com ©2002 Brown University 737 738 BASILIS GIDAS, FERNANDO CARVALHO GOMES, and CHRISTOPHER ROBERTSON has sharp discontinuities in direction, nonlinearities in the dynamic model are key for successful tracking; put differently, the deficiencies of linear dynamics models cannot be easily compensated with more sophisticated data models.
Development of 3-cell traveling wave SRF cavity

Traveling wave SRF cavity is a new technology and requires a multi-stage process for development. Conceptual designs have been proposed to adopt TW resonance in an SRF cavity The early stages of developments have been funded by several SBIR grants to Euclid Techlabs which were completed in collaboration with Fermilab. A 3-cell proof-of-principle TW cavity was fabricated as part of that and demonstrated the TW resonance excitation at room temperature. A TW resonance control tuner for the 3-cell was also fabricated and the preliminary tests were performed. Now, the 3-cell cavity is being processed and prepared for the first cryogenic testing.
Evaluation of new collision-pair selection models in DSMC

The current paper investigates new collision-pair selection procedures in a direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Collision partner selection based on the random procedure from nearest neighbor particles and deterministic selection of nearest neighbor particles have already been introduced as schemes that provide accurate results in a wide range of problems. In the current research, new collision-pair selections based on the time spacing and direction of the relative movement of particles are introduced and evaluated. Comparisons between the new and existing algorithms are made considering appropriate test cases including fluctuations in homogeneous gas, 2D equilibrium flow, and Fourier flow problem. Distribution functions for number of particles and collisions in cell, velocity components, and collisional parameters (collision separation, time spacing, relative velocity, and the angle between relative movements of particles) are investigated and compared with existing analytical relations for each model. The capability of each model in the prediction of the heat flux in the Fourier problem at different cell numbers, numbers of particles, and time steps is examined. For new and existing collision-pair selection schemes, the effect of an alternative formula for the number of collision-pair selections and avoiding repetitive collisions are investigated via the prediction of the Fourier heat flux. The simulation results demonstrate the advantages and weaknesses of each model in different test cases.
On the freeness of anticyclotomic Selmer groups of modular forms

We establish the freeness of certain anticyclotomic Selmer groups of modular forms. The freeness of these Selmer groups plays a key role in the Euler system arguments introduced by Bertolini and Darmon in their work on the anticyclotomic main conjecture for modular forms. In particular, our result fills some implicit gaps which appeared in generalizations of the Bertolini-Darmon result to the case where the associated residual representation is not minimally ramified. The removal of such a minimal ramification hypothesis is essential for applications involving congruences of modular forms.
Influential factors cultivating Indonesian EFL educators' professional identity construction

One of the essential underlying premises that need to be kept in mind to maintain Indonesian EFL educators’ professionalism is with the support of the robust establishment of professional identity. Previously-reviewed studies conducted in Indonesian EFL teaching-learning contexts held a strong contention that a higher level of professional identity construction would enable language teachers to show their best educational endeavour to fully fulfill the educational demands. This current small-scale qualitative study was initiated with the support of a library analysis approach to generate more comprehensible and applicable research results. To attain this major study objective, the researcher conducted an in-depth thematic analysis of 20 previously-conducted Indonesian EFL teachers’ professional identity construction studies to yield more orderly research outcomes. Two major-specific factors are believed to cultivate Indonesian EFL educators’ professional identity construction namely: (1) viable motivation to advance an entire educational quality and (2) rigorous external support emanating from educational stakeholders. To this end, it can be fairly inferred that Indonesian EFL educators can fully possess a higher degree of professional identity in an occasion where both internal motivation and mutual external support are embedded within their professional lives.
Charge Distribution in the Average Thunderstorm Cloud

Ninety nine examples of electric field variations were chosen from the continuously observed data in Kyoto with a field mill during three summer seasons from 1965 to 1967, and were classified into 12 types of field variation patterns. A composite of the field variations which appear frequently has the following representative features: the negative field appears first in time, the time scale is about 1 hour and the field intensity is about * 5000V/m. A thunderstorm charge distribution model which gives the observed field patterns is presented, in which the charges are +120 Coul at the height of 8.5km, -120 Coul at 6.0km and +24 Coul at 3.0km where the negative main charge locates 0.2-0.6km ahead the other charges in the storm moving direction.