Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paradox Mindset in Management: Theory and Measurement

Purpose: This article presents an overview of the constructive functions of embracing (instead of rejecting) contradictions (otherwise known as a paradox mindset or Janusian thinking). It also demonstrates the positive impact of tension resulting from the cognitive consideration of simultaneous contradictions (as opposed to the traditional conviction that such cognitive dissonance isexperienced as uncomfortable and reduced). Additionally, this article highlights the positive impact of a paradox mindset on augmenting teams’ and institutions’ creativity and performance. It also documents a method of evaluating the propensity for embracing contradictions (i.e., a paradox mindset). Design/methodology/approach: This article documents the construction and validation of an assessment tool, i.e., the Influence of Contradictions Questionnaire (ICQ), for evaluating the level of propensity for a paradox mindset.Findings: In the validation process (n = 120 Anglophonic sample), the ICQ proved to have positive psychometric parameters (discrimination power and reliability). Social implications: The ICQ can be used for scientific purposes, e.g., for comparison between segments of society or for finding possible correlations with other personality traits (e.g., empathy). It could also serve as an evaluation tool for teams’ and individuals’ levels of propensity for conceptual blending—especially when measuring the results of training in this area.Originality/value: This is a novel approach, both in the theoretical review of various manifestations of embracing contradictions, as well as in designing a comprehensive evaluation method.Keywords: contradictions, Janusian thinking, conceptual blending, creativity, embracing contradictions, divergent thinkingPaper type: Research paper
CFD Simulation of Extreme Slamming on a Containership in Random Waves

Slamming is a common phenomenon as a ship navigates in rough seas, and it can cause severe structural damage to the hull structure. Fulldomain Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of random wave and structure interaction is considered impractical by many researchers. Simplified approaches are usually adopted to alleviate the expensive CFD random wave simulation. In this paper, we present a rigorous methodology that solves the Navier-Stokes equations entirely without any need of matching. In our simulation scenario, a container ship cruising at a constant speed is allowed to heave and pitch in random waves. Both head sea bow slamming at 6 knots speed, and following sea stern slamming at 0 and 5 knots are studied. Irregular waves based on the Bretschneider spectrum for 25-year return sea states are used to simulate a realistic seaway environment. A very effective procedure is developed to capture the desired waves at a specific part of the sailing vessel. Our multi-block overset grid code is fully parallelized and greatly reduces the computation time to make the simulation practical. A level-set function is employed to capture the violent free surface and to simulate the interaction of the random wave and the ship. This rigorous Navier-Stokes numerical approach is able to capture complex mechanisms and show results that are possible only with CFD simulations, thus provides useful guidance for ship designs.
Beliefs about food allergies in adolescents aged 11–19 years: A systematic review

Abstract Aims Research suggests of people with food allergy (FA), adolescents have the highest risk of fatal allergic reactions to food, yet understanding of this population and how they manage their condition is limited. Understanding beliefs and how they affect behaviour could inform ways to reduce risk taking behaviour and fatal reactions in adolescents. This systematic review aimed to explore beliefs adolescents hold about their FA, and how these may be associated with FA management. Demographics Adolescents aged 11–19 years with FA. Methodology A systematic search of seven databases was conducted. Papers of any design were included that reported on the beliefs about FA in adolescents aged 11–19 years. Data was systemised by narrative thematic analysis. Findings 20 studies were included. Themes included navigating FA in different environments, carriage and use of adrenaline auto‐injectors, management of the risk of anaphylaxis, behaviour and understanding of others, and food‐allergic identity. Implications Adolescents with FA hold a variety of condition beliefs; some beliefs were related to behaviour that could lead to an allergic reaction, while other beliefs were related to protective behaviours. Further research into understanding adolescent beliefs in order to inform clinical management and reduce the risk of potential fatal reactions is essential.
An Environmental and Nutritional Evaluation of School Food Menus in Bahia, Brazil That Contribute to Local Public Policy to Promote Sustainability

Aimed at improving the quality of school meals, the Sustainable School Program (SSP) implemented low-carbon meals, twice a week, in 155 schools of 4 municipalities, reaching more than 32,000 students. This study evaluated the environmental impact and nutritional viability of this intervention for this population. The 15 most repeated meals from the conventional and sustainable menus were selected, and we considered the school age group and number of meals served per student/day. Nutritional information was calculated using validated food composition tables, nutritional adequacy was assessed using National School Feeding Program (PNAE) requirements, the level of processing was considered using NOVA classification, and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) were estimated using food life cycle assessment (LCA) validated data. We found both conventional and sustainable food menus are equivalent, in terms of nutrients, except for calcium, iron, and magnesium. Sustainable food menus were cholesterol-free. However, there was a reduction of up to 17% in GHGE, depending on the school age group analysed. Considering the greater energy efficiency and lower environmental impact of these food menus, the SSP, therefore, demonstrates that a substantial reduction in climate impact is feasible, successful, and can be an inspiration to other regions globally.
Screening Newborns for Hearing Loss under Full Public Funding, Kochi, Japan -Differences in the Screening Results between Premature Neonates and Healthy Newborns

Congenital hearing loss (HL) occurs in approximately one to two newborns per 1000 live births (1), . Newborn hearing screening (NHS) can aid early detection of HL and facilitates prompt treatment and education (3), . Since 2017, all municipalities of the Kochi Prefecture, Japan, include NHSs at full public expense. All testings are performed using automated auditory brainstem responses (aABRs), and medical institutions submit test results to the municipalities. The municipalities compile the results and report them to the prefectural government. Additionally, public health nurses will support families whose newborns have been required diagnostic examinations. We report the NHS results of newborns born between April 2017 and March 2020. We also compared newborns who were screened in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with those who were not. Prematurity has been reported to be associated with a higher frequency of congenital HL ; thus, the premature equivalent should be excluded from the statistical analysis to evaluate screening in healthy newborns (HN). Additionally, we determined the differences in the screening results between premature neonates and HN.
The Worst-First Heuristic: How Decision Makers Manage Conjunctive Risk

Many important managerial outcomes hinge on the co-occurrence of multiple uncertain events, a situation termed conjunctive risk. Whereas past literature has addressed the psychology of choosing to enter situations with conjunctive risk, this article elucidates a novel way in which the psychology of managing conjunctive risk is importantly distinct. We examine a case in which there are two independent events, one is currently less likely than the other, both are required for overall success, and the decision maker must evaluate opportunities to increase the chance of the less-likely or more-likely requirement. We introduce the hypothesis of a worst-first heuristic. Decision makers intuitively evaluate improvements in conjunctive risk according to their impact on the biggest barrier to success, the least likely of the required events. We find evidence for such a worst-first heuristic across nine experiments (n = 3,653, including samples from the United States and United Kingdom in Studies 1–5 and Studies S1–S3 in the online supplement, as well as a sample of managers in Study 6). Participants invest more to improve chances of less-likely requirements than more-likely requirements, even when the latter improvements have at least as much impact on the aggregate chance of success. Moreover, we find that decision makers exhibit this behavior particularly when managing conjunctive risk, as doing so makes them attend to which threat is the worst. Conversely, they do not appear to exhibit the behavior when making formally equivalent decisions about choosing between conjunctive risks. This bias toward underinvesting in stronger-links holds important implications for decision making in contexts subject to conjunctive risk—both managerial and societal. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
The Relationship of Organizational Competition Orientation, Marketing Capability and Customer Networks in Achieving Seller Achievement

This study is to determine the role of organizational competition orientation and its effect on salesperson achievement. The relationship between variables consisting of four constructs namely Organizational Competition Orientation, Marketing Capability, Customer Networking and Salesperson Achievement were analyzed using four hypotheses. The data was processed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Amos model. The sample consisted of 200 sales from various fields of distributor companies in West Kalimantan. The results showed that Organizational Competition Orientation had a significant effect on Marketing Capability, Marketing Capability had a significant effect on Customer Networking, Marketing Capability had a significant effect on Salesperson Achievement and Customer Networking had a significant effect on Salesperson Achievement.
Operation Parasite: diamonds, smallpox, and mass expulsions of strangers in colonial Sierra Leone

ABSTRACT In 1956, the British colonial administrators in Sierra Leone organized an operation of mass expulsion of migrants that aimed to solve the problems of health and security in the country’s diamond mining areas: Operation Parasite. This article examines how colonizers created artificial categories of “strangers” to expel people who were legally designated “undesirable subjects,” as well as how the health conditions of those living in the mining villages together with an ongoing epidemic of smallpox were instrumental in morally justifying this operation. The article argues that Operation Parasite was not only a police operation used to expel migrants to protect the interests of mining capitalism, but also a medical operation, which contributed to establishing the representation of an inverted reality: namely, that migrants, not colonizers, were the exploiters of Sierra Leone’s natural resources.
The Comparison of Microwave Thawing and Ultra-High-Pressure Thawing on the Quality Characteristics of Frozen Mango

As one of the popular tropical fruits, mango has a relatively short shelf life due to its perishability. Therefore, post-harvest losses are always a topic of concern. Currently, freezing is a common approach to extending mango shelf life. In relation, it is also critical to select a proper thawing process to maintain its original quality attributes. In this study, microwave thawing, and ultra-high-pressure thawing were investigated, and traditional thawing methods (air thawing and water thawing) were compared as references. The thawing time, quality attributes, and sensory scores of frozen mangoes were evaluated. Compared to traditional methods, innovative thawing methods can extensively shorten thawing time. These things considered, the thawing time was further decreased with the increase in microwave power. Additionally, microwave thawing enhanced the quality of mangoes in terms of less color change and drip loss and reduced loss of firmness and vitamin C content. Microwave thawing at 300 W is recommended as the best condition for thawing mangoes, with the highest sensory score. Current work provides more data and information for selecting suitable thawing methods and optimum conditions for frozen mango to minimize losses.
Geographical Variability in CYP1B1 Mutations in Primary Congenital Glaucoma

Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a rare type of glaucoma that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. PCG can lead to blindness if not detected early in children aged 3 or younger. PCG varies in presentation among various populations, where disease presentation and disease severity vary by mutation. The most common gene implicated in PCG is cytochrome p450 1B1 (CYP1B1). Here, we sought to review the literature for mutations in CYP1B1 and their presentation among different populations. Areas of interest include recent findings on disease presentation and potential implications on our understanding of PCG pathophysiology.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with precancerous cervical lesions among women in two cities in Cameroon

Introduction cervical cancer is the fourth commonest cancer of women world-wide with increasing incidence in developing countries. This study determined the prevalence and assessed risk factors associated with precancerous cervical lesions among women in Cameroon. Methods this cross-sectional study enrolled 925 women participants of a screening campaign for precancerous cervical lesions from June to November 2018 in the selected hospitals. A convenience sampling technique was used and socio-demographic, sexual and reproductive data collected from consented participants by means of self-administered questionnaire. During the gynaecologic examination, a cervical smear was collected, stained by the Papanicolaou staining technique and the results classified according to the Bethesda 2014 guidelines. Frequency, percentage, Chi square and regression analysis were conducted using SPSS version 20 and p-value considered at 0.05. Results of the 925 participants aged 25-65 years (mean 40.2±10.2 SD), 113 (12.2%) had the lesions among whom 9 (7.9%) had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 75 (66.4 %) had Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and 29 (25.7%) had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Factors associated with the lesions were: age 1.85 [1.42-2.41; p= 0.001] and parity [OR= 1.46; 95% CI: 1.30-1.89; P= 0.004]. Conclusion the prevalence of precancerous lesions was 12.2%. Age, parity were significant risk factors. Regular screening targeting the population at risk in this study becomes a priority.
Repertoire Communities in American Popular Music, 1900–1949

What are the social factors shaping musical repertoires? This paper analyzes repertoires as social relations among performers, refracted through factors such as the organization of industry, genres, race, and gender. Using data from American popular music recordings, performers and songs are treated as a two-mode network and repertoire communities are operationalized as bicliques. The production of culture perspective, the sociology of genres, and theories of race and gender imply hypotheses that are tested diachronically. Analysis finds support for the first two, with genres becoming the strongest basis of repertoire community membership while race and gender are surprisingly weak. Importantly, these factors worked in tandem as reflexive mechanisms for each other. The repertoire community system documents the rise of genre as the primary means of categorizing American popular music in the early twentieth century and mediated the effect of other factors.
STEM-PBL-Local Culture: Can It Improve Prospective Teachers’ Problem-solving and Creative Thinking Skills?

This study aims to analyze the effect of applying problem-based learning with a STEM approach integrated with local culture (STEM-PBL-local culture) on improving creative thinking and problem-solving skills and determine the relationship between creative thinking and problem-solving skills. This research is an experimental study with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. A total of 72 prospective teachers who attended introductory chemistry courses at teacher education institutions were selected by purposive sampling. The test instrument is validated open-ended questions. Data analysis used an independent t-test. Pearson's product-moment correlation test is used to determine the relationship between problem-solving and creative thinking skills. The results show significant differences between the experimental and control groups. Students in the experimental group who received STEM-PBL-local culture experienced an improvement in creative thinking and problem-solving skills in the medium category, while the control group experienced an improvement in the low category. The Pearson product-moment correlation test shows that creative thinking and problem-solving skills have a significant relationship with a high level of correlation.
Assessing students' acceptance and satisfaction level on service delivery attributes at UiTM hostels' cafeterias / Fatimah Abd Ghani

In any university around the globe, development and packaging knowledge to be imparted to the students are the main purposes of its existence. Universities are places where knowledge is shared and disseminated between students and lecturers. It must not be forgotten that food is also vital for the students' think tank. Food is a substance that is eaten, drunk, or else taken into the body to sustain life, furnish energy and promote growth. Providing food in universities is absolutely important. With that, the present study examines students' acceptance level and satisfaction on the service delivery attributes at UiTM hostels' cafeterias. The participants for this study were students who lived in UiTM Shah Alam hostels, namely Kolej Seroja, Kolej Anggerik and Kolej Perindu. Student self reported experiences on service delivery attributes were obtained through a questionnaire survey. Results showed that although contented with the ambience or operating environment attributes, the majority of the students have low acceptance level on the food and beverages attributes. Most of the students were dissatisfied with most of the attributes provided by food operators in all three UiTM hostels' cafeterias. These results in the students patronizing these cafeterias only as there are no other alternatives available for them. The study findings not only implicate students and foodservice operators, but also UiTM as a whole.
Future Directions for Dialysis

Dialysis is life-saving for an exponentially growing number of kidney failure patients. Yet, the current concept also has several drawbacks, such as high societal cost, incomplete kidney function replacement, dismal outcomes, low quality of life and a considerable ecologic footprint. In spite of many changes over the last fifty years, the original concept remained largely unmodified and the drawbacks did not disappear. In this article, we present a number of alternative solutions that are currently considered or tested which might have a potential impact on uremic toxin concentration, quality of life or environmental footprint that goes beyond what is currently achieved with traditional dialysis. These comprise applications of regenerative medicine; bioartificial kidney; conceptual changes in extracorporeal removal; energy-neutral, water-limiting dialysis; material recycling; keto-analogues; xenobiotics; and preservation of residual kidney function. As metabolism generating uremic toxins also generates beneficial compounds, some of these options may also maintain or restore this balance in contrast to dialysis that likely removes without distinction. All proposed options are also exemplary of how out-of-the-box thinking is needed to disrupt the status quo in treatment of kidney diseases that has now persisted for too long.
The effect of formation processes on the frequency of palaeolithic cave sites in semiarid zones: Insights from Kazakhstan

Central Asian caves with Palaeolithic deposits are few, but they provide a rich record of human fossils and cultural assemblages that has been used to model Late Pleistocene hominin dispersals. However, previous research has not yet systematically evaluated the formation processes that influence the frequency of Palaeolithic cave sites in the region. To address this deficiency, we combined field survey and micromorphological analyses in the piedmont zone of south Kazakhstan. Here, we present our preliminary results focusing on selected sites of the Qaratau mountains. Sediment cover varies among the surveyed caves, and loess‐like sediments dominate the cave sequences. The preservation of cave deposits is influenced by reworking of cave sediments within the caves but also by the broader erosional processes that shape semiarid landscapes. Ultimately, deposits of potentially Pleistocene age are scarce. Our study provides new data in the geoarchaeologically neglected region of Central Asia and demonstrates that micromorphology has great analytical potential even within the limitations of rigorous survey projects. We outline some of the processes that influence the formation and preservation of cave deposits in Kazakhstan, as well as broader implications for the distribution of Palaeolithic cave sites in Central Asia and other semiarid environments.
Diagnostic Testing-An Evaluation 1998-2007

Diagnostic tests to assess basic mathematical skills of students entering service; mathematics courses are commonplace within third level institutions. Their purpose and use; are varied: they can identify learner deficiencies, misconceptions and skill level in order to; design and implement remedies; they give quick feedback to students on what is expected,; and guidance for effective support. The collation and analysis of students’ results on such; tests can play an important part in ‘identifying students at risk of failing because of their; mathematical deficiencies, targeting remedial help, designing programmes and modules; that take account of general levels of mathematical attainments, and removing unrealistic; staff expectations’, (Engineering Council, 2000) The author has been running a programme; using diagnostic testing for the past ten years. This paper analyses the test data and looks at; the effectiveness of the programme. It identifies key issues and areas for further study.