Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Invasive Salmonella by Orally Administered IgA and IgG Monoclonal Antibodies

Background Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica strains, including serovar Typhimurium (STm), are an emerging cause of invasive disease among children and the immunocompromised, especially in regions of sub-Saharan Africa. STm invades the intestinal mucosa through Peyer’s patch tissues before disseminating systemically. While vaccine development efforts are ongoing, the emergence of multidrug resistant strains of STm affirms the need to seek alternative strategies to protect high-risk individuals from infection. Methodology/Principal Findings In this report we investigated the potential of an orally administered O5 serotype-specific IgA monoclonal antibody (mAb), called Sal4, to protect mice against invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) infection. Sal4 IgA was delivered to mice prior to or concurrently with STm challenge. Infectivity was measured as bacterial burden in Peyer’s patch tissues one day after challenge. Using this model, we defined the minimal amount of Sal4 IgA required to significantly reduce STm uptake into Peyer’s patches. The relative efficacy of Sal4 in dimeric and secretory IgA (SIgA) forms was compared, as was a second lower avidity O5-specific IgA mAb that we produced from STm immunized mice. To assess the role of isotype in oral passive immunization, we engineered a recombinant IgG1 mAb carrying the Sal4 variable regions and evaluated its ability to block invasion of STm into epithelial cells in vitro and Peyer’s patch tissues. Conclusions/Significance Our results demonstrate the potential of orally administered monoclonal IgA and SIgA, but not IgG, to passively immunize against invasive Salmonella. Nonethless, the prophylactic window of IgA/SIgA in the mouse was on the order of minutes, underscoring the need to develop formulations to protect mAbs in the gastric environment and to permit sustained release in the small intestine. Author Summary The bacterium Salmonella enterica is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in the developed and developing worlds. While the pathogen is most renowed as the causative agent of typhoid fever, the emergence of invasive non-typhoid strains like S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) are of great concern because of their propensity to cause severe disease in children under the age of five. In this report, we demonstrate in a mouse model that oral administration of a monoclonal antibody targeting the surface of STm is able to prevent the bacterium from infecting gastrointestinal tissues, the first step in the dissemination process. We show that IgA antibodies (which are normally found in the gut) were far superior than an equivalent IgG antibody (normally found in blood) at protecting the intestine from STm infection. These results lay the foundation for future studies aimed at the development of an orally administered antibody cocktail capable of providing temporary immunity to pathogens like S. enterica.
A Specific Prebiotic Mixture Added to Starting Infant Formula Has Long-Lasting

There is some evidence that early colonization of the intestine affects the composition of the intestinal microbiota after weaning. In the present study, the effect of prebiotics administered from the first day of life on fecal counts of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were studied during and after the administration of the prebiotics. In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, explorative study, 20 newborns of hepatitis C virus-infected mothers who decided not to breastfeedduetotheirconcernsregardingtheirplasmaviralloadwererandomlyassignedtoeitheraformulawith8g/Lofa specific prebiotic mixture (short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides, ratio 9:1) or a formula containing the same amount of maltodextrin (placebo). Clinical examination including anthropometric measurements, microbiological analysis of fecal samples, and blood leukocyte population analysis were performed at birth and 3, 6, and12moage.Attheageof12mo,hepatitisBvaccine-specificIgGserumtiters(HepatitisBvirussurfaceantibodies)were also measured. Prebiotic supplementation resulted in more fecal bifidobacteria (P , 0.0001) and lactobacilli (P = 0.0044) compared with the placebo group. These differences between the groups were maintained during the second half of thefirstyearwithoutanyprebioticsupplementation.Therewasnoinfluenceofthedifferentdietsonanthropometricdataor the measured immunological variables. The data from this small explorative study indicate that early colonization of the intestine might have long-lasting effects on the composition of the intestinal microbiota. J. Nutr. 141: 1335‐1339, 2011.
Genome sequencing and characterization of an XDR ST 111 serotype O 12 hospital outbreak strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/1469-0691.12528 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Received Date: 07-Oct-2013 Revised Date: 20-Dec-2013 Accepted Date: 07-Jan-2014 Article Type: Original Article E-only Category: Bacteriology
intractable restless legs syndrome: role of prolonged-release oxycodone–naloxone

: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs accompanied by uncomfortable sensations that occur at night or at time of rest. Pharmacological therapy should be limited to patients who suffer from clinically relevant symptoms. Chronic RLS is usually treated with either a dopamine agonist (pramipexole, ropinirole, rotigotine) or an α 2 δ calcium-channel ligand (gabapentin, gabapentin enacarbil, pregabalin). Augmentation is the main complication of long-term dopaminergic treatment, and frequently requires a reduction of current dopaminergic dose or a switch to nondopaminergic medications. Opioids as monotherapy or add-on treatment should be considered when alternative satisfactory regimens are unavailable and the severity of symptoms warrants it. In a recent Phase III trial, oxycodone–naloxone prolonged release (PR) demonstrated a significant and sustained effect on patients with severe RLS inadequately controlled by previous treatments. The adverse-event profile was consistent with the safety profile of opioids. The most frequent adverse events were fatigue, constipation, nausea, headache, hyperhidrosis, somnolence, dry mouth, and pruritus. Adverse events were usually mild or moderate in intensity. No cases of augmentation were reported. Oxycodone–naloxone PR is approved for the second-line symptomatic treatment of adults with severe to very severe idiopathic RLS after failure of dopaminergic treatment. Further studies are needed to evaluate if oxycodone–naloxone PR is equally efficacious as a first-line treatment. Moreover, long-term comparative studies between opioids, dopaminergic drugs and α 2 δ ligands are needed.
mir-214-3p inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of endometrial cancer cells by targeting TWisT1

Background: Substantive studies have described the ectopic microRNAs as a determinant of the pathogenesis of endometrial cancer (EC). miR-214-3p has been reported to be significantly downregulated in EC tissues, and its overexpression has been shown to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of EC cells. Our study sought to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of miR-214-3p on metastasis of EC cells. Methods: The expressions of miR-214-3p and TWIST1 in EC tissues and cells were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were measured by transwell and Western blot analyses, respectively. The interaction between miR-214-3p and TWIST1 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Xenograft tumor assay was performed to verify the role and underlying mechanism of miR-214-3p in EC in vivo. Results: miR-214-3p was downregulated and TWIST1 was upregulated in EC tissues and cells. miR-214-3p was negatively correlated with TWIST1 expression in EC tissues. Overexpression of miR-214-3p suppressed migration, invasion, and EMT in EC cells. TWIST1 was identified as a target of miR-214-3p in EC cells, and its overexpression significantly restored the inhibitory effects of miR-214-3p on cell migration, invasion, and EMT while its knockdown remarkably abolished miR-214-3p inhibitor-mediated promotion of progression of EC cells. Additionally, addition of miR-214-3p inhibited tumor growth by regulating EMT in vivo. Conclusion: miR-214-3p suppressed the EMT and metastasis of EC cells by targeting TWIST1, providing a novel biomarker for treatment of EC. in regulating EMT and metastasis in EC the underlying mechanism.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer

Omega ( u )-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are naturally occurring substances that are well tolerated and have been used extensively for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. More recently, u -3 PUFAs have been recognised to have anticancer activity. There is also evidence suggesting improved efﬁcacy and/or tolerability of conventional cancer chemotherapy when administered with u -3 PUFAs. The purpose of this review is to (i) describe the mechanisms by which u -3 PUFAs are thought to have antineoplastic activity, (ii) review published preclinical and clinical studies that support anti-colorectal cancer activity and (iii) summarise current clinical trials investigating the potential therapeutic role(s) of u -3 PUFAs at different stages of colorectal carcinogenesis, from adenoma (polyp) prevention to treatment of established malignant disease and prevention of cancer recurrence. acid metabolism by lipoxygenase-dependent pathways. neoplasia. The ﬁ rst, a case e control study of 1872 patients (929 cases of distal CRC and 943 controls), estimated u -3 and u -6 PUFA intake
A Parzen–Rosenblatt type density estimator for circular data: exact and asymptotic optimal bandwidths

For the Parzen–Rosenblatt type density estimator for circular data we prove the existence of a minimiser, hMISE(f ;K,n), of its exact mean integrated squared error. Under mild conditions we show that it is asymptotically equivalent to the bandwidth hAMISE(f ;K,n) that minimises the leading terms of the mean integrated squared error expansion, and we obtain the order of convergence of the relative error hAMISE(f ;K,n)/hMISE(f ;K,n)−1. Some smalland moderatesample-size comparisons between the two bandwidths are also presented when the underlying density is a mixture of von Mises densities.
In vitro safety and performance evaluation of a seawater solution enriched with copper, hyaluronic acid, and eucalyptus for nasal lavage

Background The common cold is a viral infectious disease with symptoms such as runny nose, sore throat, and mainly, nasal congestion. State-of-the-art therapeutic approaches focus on alleviating the symptoms of this disease by non-invasive and simple-to-use methods. Nasal irrigation is one of the most accepted approaches to ease nasal congestion which, if left untreated, has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients. Purpose In this study, the safety and efficacy of a novel hypertonic seawater solution for nasal lavage enriched with hyaluronic acids, eucalyptus oil, copper, and manganese salts (Stérimar Stop & Protect Cold and Flu; SSPCF) have been investigated in vitro. Methods An in vitro 3D reconstituted human nasal epithelium tissue model, MucilAir™, has been used in this study to investigate the safety of SSPCF on nasal epithelium by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion. The efficacy of SSPCF was measured by mucociliary clearance (MCC), ATP release, Alcian blue and aquaporin (AQP3) stainings. Results SSPCF treatment respected nasal epithelium tissue integrity and enhanced barrier function without inducing a cytotoxic response. Secreted LDH and IL-8 levels were similar to untreated controls. MCC rate was increased 2.5-fold and ATP release decreased 87% upon SSPCF treatment, indicating improved decongestion activity. SSPCF treatment after hypotonic stress helped recover cellular organization, as shown by Alcian blue and AQP3 staining assays. Conclusion SSPCF appears as a safe and effective nasal irrigation formula that may alleviate the symptoms associated with common cold such as nasal congestion.
First Low-Frequency Einstein@Home All-Sky Search for Continuous Gravitational Waves in Advanced LIGO Data

We report results of a deep all-sky search for periodic gravitational waves from isolated neutron stars in data from the first Advanced LIGO observing run. This search investigates the low frequency range of Advanced LIGO data, between 20 and 100 Hz, much of which was not explored in initial LIGO. The search was made possible by the computing power provided by the volunteers of the Einstein@Home project. We find no significant signal candidate and set the most stringent upper limits to date on the amplitude of gravitational wave signals from the target population, corresponding to a sensitivity depth of 48.7 [1/√Hz]. At the frequency of best strain sensitivity, near 100 Hz, we set 90% confidence upper limits of 1.8×10^(−25). At the low end of our frequency range, 20 Hz, we achieve upper limits of 3.9×10^(−24). At 55 Hz we can exclude sources with ellipticities greater than 10^(−5) within 100 pc of Earth with fiducial value of the principal moment of inertia of 10^(38) kg m^2.
Contraception counseling for women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD): current perspectives

Abstract Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affecting up to 7% of reproductive age women. Women with PMDD are of reproductive age; therefore, contraception and treatment of PMDD are important considerations. The disorder as described in the DSM-V is characterized by moderate to severe psychological, behavioral and physical symptoms beginning up to two weeks prior to menses, resolving soon after the onset of menstruation and significantly interfering with daily functioning. PMDD develops in predisposed individuals after they are exposed to progesterone at the time of ovulation. It has been hypothesized that PMDD is in part attributable to luteal phase abnormalities in serotonergic activity and to altered configuration of ℽ-aminobutyric acid subunit A (GABAA) receptors in the brain triggered by the exposure to the neuroactive steroid progesterone metabolite, allopregnanolone (Allo). A large body of evidence suggests that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can be effective in the treatment of PMDD. Combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) pills, specifically the 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol/3mg drospirenone in a 24/4 extended cycle regimen has been shown to significantly improve the emotional and physical symptoms of PMDD. Other combined monophasic, extended cycle hormonal contraceptive pills with less androgenic progestins may also be helpful, although not well studied. Copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) are recommended for those not seeking hormonal contraceptives. Progestin-only methods including the progestin-only pill (POP), levonorgestrel (LNG) IUD, etonorgestrel implant or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) have the potential to negatively affect mood symptoms for women with or without baseline mood disorders, including PMDD. Careful counseling and close follow-up is recommended for patients with PMDD seeking these contraceptive methods.
Decoherence of black hole superpositions

We consider the decoherence of a “black hole Schrödinger cat” – a non-local superposition of a Schwarzschild black hole in two distinct locations – due to the Hawking radiation it inevitably emits. An environment interacting with a system acquires information about its state, e.g. about its location. The resulting decoherence is thought to be responsible for the emergence of the classical realm of our Universe out of the quantum substrate. However, this view of the emergence of the classical is sometimes dismissed as a consequence of insufficient isolation and, hence, as non-fundamental (i.e., for practical purposes only). A black hole can never be isolated from its own Hawking radiation environment that carries information about its location. The resulting decoherence rate turns out to be given by a surprisingly simple equation that, remarkably (and in contrast to known cases of decoherence), does not involve Planck’s constant ~.
Effects of larval density on dispersal and fecundity of western corn rootworm

16 Introduction . 17 Materials and Methods . 21 Results . 29 Discussion . 31 Acknowledgments.37 References . 38 Figures.44 Tables . 53 CHAPTER 3 CONCLUSION.57 AKNOWLEDGMENTS . 58
Bacterioplankton Dynamics and the Influence of Environmental Factors on it in the Srebarna Lake

The Srebarna Lake is located on the Bulgarian bank (2 kilometers to the south) of the Danube River, 16 km west of the town of Silistra (close to Bulgarian-Romanian boundary) and is the most prominent reserve in Bulgaria. It has been a Protected Site since 1942, a Reserve of the Biosphere since 1977 and was included in the List of t he World Heritage Sites in 19 83. Srebarna (Silver) is a freshwater hypereutrophic shallow lake. The flora and fauna in the lake and its surroundings have been monitored and the data ha ve be en published for many y ears; however, bacterioplankton a nd its trophic relationships with en vironmental factors have b een poorly investigated. This study explained the dynamics of bacterioplankton development in spring, summer and au tumn during the years 20052006, t he influence of physical and chemical factors on this development and the importance o f bacterioplankton size structure in the predator-prey relations between the microbial communities and the first t wo trophic levels of t he classical grazer food chain in the pelagial - phytoplankton a nd zooplankton, by means of statistical analyses.
Effectiveness of liquid smoke as a preservative agent of barracuda fish cake during cold storage

Barracuda is one species of white fleshed fish that has a soft texture and a savoury taste, therefore it can be processed into fish cakes. Fish cake is a perishable food caused by bacterial activity that can be prevented using preservative namely liquid smoke. The addition of liquid smoke can provide an extended shelf life and a unique taste sensation in fish cakes because it functions as an antibacterial. The purpose of the study was to determine the role of liquid smoke in increasing the shelf life of fish cake and its effect on the value of consumer preferences. The research method was carried out by experimental laboratories using a Split Plot in Time experimental design. Fish cake was made by adding 5% liquid smoke to the water used to steam barracuda fish cakes, then stored at 4-5°C for 12 days (0, 4, 8, and 12). Barracuda fish cakes were analyzed for phenol content, water content, TPC, TVB-N, amino acid lysine and hedonic test. The results showed value of a phenol content 27.38 ± 1.54 mg/100g, a moisture content of 67.75 ± 0.11 %, the value of TPC was 1.8x104 ± 0.21 cfu/g, the TVBN value was 14.53 ± 2.73 mgN/100 g, the amino acid content of lysine was 3.5 ± 0.04 mg/g, and the hedonic value was 5.67. The use of 5% liquid smoke could increase the shelf life of barracuda fish cake. Fish cake with the addition of 5% liquid smoke after 12 days were preferred by consumers because of their little mucus, unique taste typical of smoked fish, and chewy texture. The use of liquid smoke was able to maintain better quality than control after the storage of barracuda fish cake for 12 days.
Ten years of research on the role of BveS/ POPDC1 in human disease: a review

: Since the blood vessel epicardial substance or Popeye domain-containing protein 1 (BVES/POPDC1) was first identified in the developing heart by two independent laboratories in 1999, an increasing number of studies have investigated the structure, function, and related diseases of BVES/POPDC1. During the first 10 years following the discovery of BVES/POPDC1, studies focused mainly on its structure, expression patterns, and functions. Based on these studies, further investigations conducted over the previous decade examined the role of BVES/POPDC1 in human diseases, such as colitis, heart diseases, and human cancers. This review provides an overview of the structure and expression of BVES/POPDC1, mainly focusing on its potential role and mechanism through which it is involved in human cancers.
Palynostratigraphic, Palaeovegetational and Palaeoclimatic Investigations on the Miocene Deposits in Central Anatolia (Çorum Region and Sivas Basin)

Palynostratigraphy of the Neogene coal-bearing sediments in the Corum region and Sivas Basin has been determined, and three sporomorph associations have been defined. Sporomorph association A is described from the Samsun-Havza region and is of latest Burdigalian age. Sporomorph association B is described from the Corum region and Sivas Basin and is of early-middle Serravalian age. Sporomorph association C is described from the Sivas-Vasiltepe region and is of earliest Tortonian age. Sporomorph association A indicates warm subtropical climatic conditions and the Coexistence Approach (CA) results are: mean annual temperature (MAT) 19 °C, mean annual coldest month (CMT) 9.75 °C, mean annual warmest month (WMT) 27.2 °C, mean annual precipitation (MAP) 1217-1322 mm, and a mean annual temperature range of (MART) 17.45 °C. Sporomorph association B characterizes a subtropical climatic condition, and the CA results indicate similar temperatures to those of the latest Burdigalian period. For the early-middle Serravalian age, the MAT values range between 18 and 19.15 °C, the CMT values are between (-0.8)-10.6 °C, and the WMT between 24.7-27.7 °C, respectively. Generally the MAPs of the latest Burdigalian and early-middle Serravalian times are high. The range of the MART values relate to the palaeovegetation and palaeotopography during early-middle Serravalian time, during which increases of the MART values from the Corum region indicate high palaeotopographic conditions. Sporomorph association C indicates a warm-temperate climate and the CA results are: MAT 19 °C, CMT 9.4 °C, WMT 27.7 °C, MAP 1187-1574 mm, and MART 18.3 °C. Palaeovegetation of the Corum region and Sivas Basin characterizes a lacustrine environment surrounded by mountains from the latest Early to Middle Miocene. Open vegetation areas were widespread in earliest Tortonian time, and thus different from the palaeovegetation of the latest Early to Middle Miocene period.
Influence of Nonpolio Enteroviruses and the Bacterial Gut Microbiota on Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Response: A Study from South India

Praharaj, Ira; Parker, Edward PK; Giri, Sidhartha; Allen, David J; Silas, Sophia; Revathi, R; Kaliappan, Saravanakumar Puthupalayam; John, Jacob; Prasad, Jasmine Helan; Kampmann, Beate; +3 more. Iturriza-Gómara, Miren; Grassly, Nicholas C; Kang, Gagandeep; (2019) Influence of Nonpolio Enteroviruses and the Bacterial Gut Microbiota on Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Response: A Study from South India. The Journal of infectious diseases, 219 (8). pp. 1178-1186. ISSN 0022-1899 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy568 Downloaded from: http://researchonline.lshtm. ac.uk/id/eprint/4649476/