Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing prognostication and personalizing treatment of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma

ABSTRACT Introduction Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue is an indolent lymphoma originating from marginal zone B-cells and associated with chronic inflammation. EMZL demonstrates distinct genomic alterations according to the primary extranodal site of disease but commonly affects signaling pathways including NF-ĸB, B-cell receptor, and NOTCH. Treatment with radiation therapy is commonly implemented in localized diseases, and multiple agents are available for patients with advanced-stage diseases in need of therapy. Bendamustine with rituximab is a frontline platform associated with high efficacy. Areas covered Clinical features, diagnosis, genomics, models enabling risk stratification, treatment options, and future directions. Expert opinion The lack of consistent genotyping profile in EMZL precludes the development of tissue and circulatory biomarkers for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and monitoring of minimal residual disease. Furthermore, the biological heterogeneity observed in extranodal sites associated with overall limited genomic data prevents the testing of druggable pathways aiming for a personalized treatment approach. Future clinical trials should focus on EMZL considering the unique clinical characteristics in the eligibility criteria and response assessment to better inform efficacy of novel agents and delineate sequences of therapies.
Residual maximum likelihood (REML) estimation of a neighbour model for field experiments

A spatial analysis of field experiments is proposed which takes account of association between neighbouring plots. The residual maximum likelihood (REML) method of Patterson and Thompson (1971, Biometrika 58, 545-554) is used to estimate parameters of a general neighbour model, which can be expressed as an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. Three data sets are analysed to (i) highlight the need for a model selection procedure, (ii) illustrate the differing results between incomplete block and neighbour analysis and the effect of including treated border plots in the design, and (iii) illustrate the environmental variation within an experiment using prediction of trend.
Far‐field potential of the compound muscle action potential as a reliable marker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Reliable neurophysiological markers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are of great interest. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude has been a conventional marker, although it is greatly influenced by the electrode position. We propose the far‐field potential of the CMAP (FFP‐CMAP) as a new neurophysiological marker in ALS.
Spinal Orthoses in the Treatment of Osteoporotic Thoracolumbar Vertebral Fractures in the Elderly: A Systematic Review With Quantitative Quality Assessment

Study Design Systematic review. Objectives Spinal orthoses are frequently used to non-operatively treat osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), despite the available evidence is rare. Previously systematic reviews were carried out, presenting controversial recommendations. The present study aimed to systematic review the recent and current literature on available evidence for the use of orthoses in OVF. Methods A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Medline, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases. Identified articles including previous systematic reviews were screened and selected by three authors. The results of retrieved articles were presented in a narrative form, quality assessment was performed by two authors using scores according to the study type. Results Thirteen studies (n = 5 randomized controlled trials, n = 3 non- randomized controlled trials and n = 5 prospective studies without control group) and eight systematic reviews were analyzed. Studies without comparison group reported improvements in pain, function and quality of life during the follow-up. Studies comparing different types of orthoses favor non-rigid orthoses. In comparison to patients not wearing an orthosis three studies were unable to detect beneficial effects and two studies reported about a significant improvement using an orthosis. In the obtained quality assessment, three studies yielded good to excellent results. Previous reviews detected the low evidence for spinal orthoses but recommended them. Conclusion Based on the study quality and the affection of included studies in previous systematic reviews a general recommendation for the use of a spinal orthosis when treating OVF is not possible. Currently, no superiority for spinal orthoses in OVF treatment was found.
Paranasal sinus occupancy assessed from magnetic resonance images—associations with clinical indicators in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract Objectives Nasal, paranasal sinus and mucosal disorders are common symptoms in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Soft tissue changes and fluid accumulation in the osteomeatal complexes and paranasal sinuses manifest as opaqueness on radiological images which can be assessed using visual scoring and computational methods on CT scans, but their results do not always correlate. Using MRI, we investigate the applicability of different image analysis methods in SLE. Methods We assessed paranasal sinus opaqueness on MRI from 51 SLE patients, using three visual scoring systems and expert-delineated computational volumes, and examined their association with markers of disease activity, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and common small vessel disease (SVD) indicators, adjusting for age and sex-at-birth. Results The average paranasal sinus volume occupation was 4.55 (6.47%) [median (interquartile range) = 0.67 (0.25–2.65) ml], mainly in the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses. It was highly correlated with Lund–Mackay (LM) scores modified at 50% opaqueness cut-off (Spearman’s ρ: 0.71 maxillary and 0.618 ethmoids, P < 0.001 in all), and with more granular variations of the LM system. The modified LM scores were associated with SVD scores (0: B = 5.078, s.e. = 1.69, P = 0.0026; 2: B = –0.066, s.e. = 0.023, P = 0.0045) and disease activity (anti-dsDNA: B = 4.59, s.e. = 2.22, P = 0.045; SLEDAI 3–7: 2.86 < B < 4.30; 1.38 < s.e. < 1.63; 0.0083 ≤ P ≤ 0.0375). Computationally derived percent opaqueness yielded similar results. Conclusion In patients with SLE, MRI computational assessment of sinuses opaqueness and LM scores modified at a 50% cut-off may be useful tools in understanding the relationships among paranasal sinus occupancy, disease activity and SVD markers.
A separated-flow model for collapsible-tube oscillations

A new model is presented to describe flow in segments of collapsible tube mounted between two rigid tubes and surrounded by a pressurized container. The new features of the model are the inclusion of (a) longitudinal wall tension and (b) energy loss in the separated flow downstream of the time-dependent constriction in a collapsing tube, in a manner which is consistent with the one-dimensional equations of motion. As well as accurately simulating steady-state collapse, the model predicts self-excited oscillations whose amplitude is large enough to be observable only if the flow in the collapsible tube becomes supercritical somewhere (fluid speed exceeding long-wave propagation speed). The dynamics of the oscillations is dominated by longitudinal movement of the point of flow separation, in response to the adverse pressure gradient associated with waves propagating backwards and forwards between the (moving) narrowest point of the constriction and the tube outlet.
Flow structure and unsteadiness in the supersonic wake of a generic space launcher

The wake flow of a generic axisymmetric space-launcher model with and without propulsive jet is investigated. Measurements are performed at Mach 2.9 and a Reynolds number ReD = 1.3 · 10 based on model diameter D, and the nozzle exit velocity of the jet is at Mach 2.5. Velocity measurements in the wake flow by means of Particle Image Velocimetry and mean and unsteady wall-pressure measurements on the main-body base are performed simultaneously. This way, the evolution of the wake flow was observed along with its spectral content. In this paper, the mean flow topology and turbulence behavior of the wake is described based on PIV measurements, and the influence of the afterexpanding jet plume is discussed. For the case without propulsive jet, a large separated zone is forming downstream of the main body shoulder and the flow is reattaching downstream on the nozzle fairing. Under the influence of the jet plume, the separated region is increased and reattachment does not occur anymore. The flow is displaced away from the wall. The jet plume appears to have a stabilizing effect on the wake flow. The development of the shear layer and the magnitude of the turbulent intensities are damped, which we showed with the axial and radial components of the turbulent velocity fluctuations, as well the Reynolds shear stress evolution along the launcher afterbody.
Attosecond streaking in a nano-plasmonic field

A theoretical study of the application of attosecond streaking spectroscopy to time-resolved studies of the plasmonic fields surrounding isolated, resonantly excited spherical nanoparticles is presented. A classification of the different regimes in attosecond streaking is proposed and identified in our results that are derived from Mie calculations of plasmon fields, coupled to classical electron trajectory simulations. It is shown that in an attosecond streaking experiment, the electrons are almost exclusively sensitive to the component of the field parallel to the direction in which they are detected. This allows one to probe the different components of the field individually by resolving the angle of emission of the electrons. Finally, simulations based on fields calculated by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) are compared with the results obtained using Mie fields. The two are found to be in good agreement with each other, supporting the notion that FDTD methods can be used to reliably investigate non-spherical structures.
Errors in Wind Measurements Estimated by Five-Beam Phased Array Doppler Sodar

Abstract Estimation of the errors in sodar wind measurements using the phased array Doppler sodar operated under five-beam observation has been made. When compared with the sonic anemometer on the tower nearby, the variances or second-order moments of sodar-derived horizontal wind, σu and συ , are about twice as large as those measured at the tower, even though the mean horizontal wind u and the second moment of vertical wind σw are in reasonable agreement with the tower. The random errors in the measured wind variances, which can be separated in the five-beam detection system, are estimated to be about 0.41 m s−1 for the vertical component and 0.46 m s−1 for the tilted beam axis component. If the compensation is made for each component along the antenna beams, the horizontal wind variances averaged over 60 min agree with those values obtained by the sonic anemometer on the tower. An analysis of the power spectra suggests that the discrepancies in σu and συ are mainly caused by the excess of sodar spectra.
Knowledge and Awareness of Parents About the Difference Between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Childhood Absence Epilepsy in the Paediatric Population Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, mainly in children. The signs and symptoms of ADHD include inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Consequently, Childhood Absence Epilepsy (CAE) tends to present in children with sudden and recurrent episodes of loss of awareness alongside symptoms that occasionally include clonic, atonic, and simple automatisms. The present study evaluates parents' knowledge in Makkah regarding the difference between ADHD and CAE. Methodology: The study was conducted among Saudi Arabian parents living in Makkah. Data were collected in April 2022 through the use of an online survey that was distributed electronically via social media platforms. The inclusion criteria entailed parents from different socio-economic backgrounds. In contrast, the exclusion criteria entailed parents who had not been involved in raising their children and those with children with intellectual disabilities. A group of consultants was tasked with validating all data collected through an original questionnaire. To effectively calculate the study sample size, OpenEpi Version 3.01 was used. Lastly, all statistical analyses were conducted with Stata Social Sciences (SPSS®) software for Mac, version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: A total of 633 participants completed the survey. Of the total respondents, approximately 1% indicated having a good knowledge level, 15.17% indicated having moderate knowledge, and the remaining 84% indicated poor knowledge of the subject under study. Approximately 46% of the participants reported that social media was the primary source of information. One significant issue regards the observation that the parent's level of education was statistically associated with the level of knowledge. Conclusion: There is limited awareness of the difference between (ADHD) and (CAE) among parents in the pediatric population. These findings highlight an opportunity to raise awareness using well-organized education programs in Makkah City.
Fine Altitude Resolution Observations of Stratospheric Turbulent Layers by the Arecibo 430 MHz Radar

Abstract Stratospheric turbulence is now observed by the Arecibo 430 MHz radar with an improved altitude resolution of 150 m. Turbulence is observed to occur in thin layers with a thickness usually less than the altitude resolution, and estimated to be about 50 m. A clear correlation is found between the power, wind shear and spectral width of the echoes. A simple method of estimating the energy dissipation rate and the eddy diffusivity is examined. Values of the order of 0.2 m2 s−1 are found for the eddy diffusivity coefficient in the lower stratosphere, showing the importance of turbulence on vertical transport.
A Fast Ocean GCM without Flux Adjustments

Abstract The Fast Met Office/U.K. Universities Simulator project (FAMOUS) aims to develop a fast GCM, possibly 10 times faster than the Third Hadley Centre Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere GCM (HadCM3). Such a model would allow long-term climate runs and/or large ensembles of runs to be carried out. It would also be suitable for use on computers other than a supercomputer. Modifications to the geometry of the North Atlantic (including removal of Iceland) and an increase in the ocean time step, allow the FAMOUS ocean model to run without the use of flux adjustments, and about 40 times quicker than the HadCM3 ocean component (HadOM3). Transient climate change simulations carried out using the new ocean component coupled to the HadCM3 atmospheric component (HadAM3) produce a similar climate sensitivity to the full HadCM3.
Daily heavy and binge vaping is associated with higher alcohol and cannabis co-use

Abstract The associations between vaping in young people and alcohol and cannabis co-use remain understudied. The current study examined the effect of vaping frequency on past 30-day alcohol and cannabis use. Using an online survey, regular vapers (N = 1328, aged 16–24) from Canada responded to a demographic and vaping questionnaire and provided information regarding e-cigarette use and alcohol and cannabis co-use. A k-means cluster analysis was used to segment users based on vaping frequency, and a one-way MANOVA tested vaper cluster membership effects on past 30-day alcohol and cannabis use. Pairwise comparisons measured specific mean differences, and crosstabulation with Bonferroni tests examined demographic differences among clusters. Vaper cluster membership had a significant effect on past 30-day alcohol and cannabis use. Daily heavy and binge vapers had higher rates of past 30-day alcohol and cannabis use. Non-daily light vapers were less likely to share their vape and more likely to have never owned a vape. Non-daily light vapers were less likely to use high nicotine concentrations. High vaping frequency places its users at risk for higher alcohol and cannabis use and high-risk vaping behavior. Nicotine caps, among other policies, may be key in reducing high vaping frequency and its negative consequences.
Knowledge of Community Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia Regarding Human Monkeypox, Its Management, Prevention, and Vaccination: Findings and Implications

Many cases of monkeypox have recently been reported in countries where this disease is not endemic, raising a global health concern. Consequently, healthcare professionals (HCPs), including pharmacists, need to be aware of the disease, its prevention, including the role of vaccines, and its management to reduce transmission. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among conveniently sampled community pharmacists in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. A total of 189 community pharmacists participated in the study, giving a response rate of 72.97%. From these, 86.77% were male, 51.32% were ≤30 years old, 36.51% were aged between 31–40 years, and 43.39% had 1–5 years of experience as community pharmacists. Their overall knowledge was 17.72 ± 5.56 out of a maximum of 28. The overall rate of correct answers for the knowledge statements was 63.29%, with 52.4% answering ≥50–<75% of the knowledge questions correctly and 31.2% answering ≥75% of the questions correctly. The knowledge subdomain related to diagnosis and clinical characteristics recorded the highest score, with the subdomain relating to causative pathogens and epidemiology recording a lower score. Overall, community pharmacists had moderate knowledge of monkeypox and its clinical management, prevention, and the role of vaccines, which is a concern for the future. Consequently, tailored, flexible, and timely educational interventions are needed to ensure that HCPs, including community pharmacists, are fully equipped with the latest evidence-based knowledge regarding this viral disease to reduce transmission and improve care.
Characterizing scattering by 3D arbitrarily shaped homogeneous dielectric objects using fast multipole method

Electromagnetic scattering by three-dimensional (3D) arbitrarily shaped homogeneous dielectric objects is characterized. In the analysis, the method of moments is first employed to solve the combined field integral equation for the scattering properties of these 3D homogeneous dielectric objects of arbitrary shape. The fast multipole method and the multilevel fast multipole algorithm are then implemented into our codes for matrix-vector manipulations.
The First Anti-Snakebite and Hepatoprotective Characterization of a Trypsin Kunitz-like Inhibitor (EcTI) from the Plant Enterolobium contortisiliquum; A Case of Two Soul Mates Meeting

Snake venom serine protease (SVSP) interferes with the regulation and control of important biological reactions in homeostasis and can be classified as an activator of the fibrinolytic system and platelet aggregation. Our group has recently isolated a new serine protease from Crotalus durissus terrificus total venom (Cdtsp-2). This protein exhibits edematogenic capacity and myotoxic activity. A Kunitz-like EcTI inhibitor protein with a molecular mass of 20 kDa was isolated from Enterolobium contortisiliquum and showed high trypsin inhibition. Thus, the objective of this work is to verify the possible inhibition of the pharmacological activities of Cdtsp-2 by the Kutinz-type inhibitor EcTI. To isolate Cdtsp-2 from total C. d. terrificus venom, we used three-step chromatographic HPLC. Using the mice paw edema model, we observed an edematogenic effect, myotoxicity and hepatotoxicity caused by Cdtsp-2. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the alterations in hemostasis caused by Cdtsp-2 are crucial for the development of marked hepatotoxicity and that EcTI significantly inhibits the enzymatic and pharmacological activities of Cdtsp-2. Kunitz-like inhibitor may be a viable alternative for the development of ancillary treatments against the biological activities of venoms.
Solving Space-Time Fractional Differential Equations by Using Modified Simple Equation Method

In this article, we establish new and more general traveling wave solutions of space-time fractional Klein–Gordon equation with quadratic nonlinearity and the space-time fractional breaking soliton equations using the modified simple equation method. The proposed method is so powerful and effective to solve nonlinear space-time fractional differential equations by with modified Riemann–Liouville derivative.
ON PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS IN FINITE FIELDS AND ON ELLIPTIC CURVES

An asymptotic formula for the number of primitive polynomials of the form f (x) + a, a = 1, . , h, where f (x)Fp[x], is obtained, "on the average" over all polynomials f of fixed degree, and an estimate for the number of "sparse" factorable polynomials is also obtained.
Comprehensive Analysis of NABP2 as a Prognostic Biomarker and Its Correlation with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background The DNA binding protein NABP2 (nucleic acid binding protein 2) is a member of the SSB (single-stranded DNA-binding) protein family, which is involved in DNA damage repair. Its prognostic significance and relationship with immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, remain unknown. Methods The purpose of this study was to estimate the prognostic value of NABP2 and to investigate its possible immune function in HCC. By applying multiple bioinformatics methods, we gathered and analysed data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Cancer Cell Lineage Encyclopedia (CCLE), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to investigate the potential oncogenic and cancer-promoting role of NABP2, including the differential expression, prognostic value, immune cell infiltration association, and drug sensitivity of NABP2 in HCC. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to validate the expression of NABP2 in HCC. The knockdown of NABP2 expression by siRNA was further used to validate its role in hepatocellular carcinoma. Results Our findings indicated that NABP2 was overexpressed in HCC samples and was related to poor survival, clinical stage, and tumour grade in HCC patients. Analysis of functional enrichment indicated that NABP2 was potentially involved in the cell cycle, DNA replication, G2M checkpoint, E2F targets, apoptosis, P53 signalling, TGFA signalling via NF-κB, and so on. NABP2 was shown to be significantly linked to immune cell infiltration and immunological checkpoints in HCC. Analyses of drug sensitivity predict a number of drugs that could potentially be used to target NABP2. Moreover, in vitro experiments verified the promoting effect of NABP2 on the migration and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Conclusion Based on these findings, NABP2 appears to be a candidate biomarker for HCC prognosis and immunotherapy.