Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metric and Nonmetric Cranial Variation of the Prehistoric Okhotsk People

Metric and nonmetric cranial characters of human remains of the prehistoric Okhotsk culture (Okhotsk people) were investigated for evidence bearing on their affinities. The cranial morphology of the Okhotsk people shows standard characteristics of the Neolithic or later Northern Mongoloids. The multivariate analyses suggested that the Okhotsk show close affinities not with the Arctic peoples or inland peoples called the ‘Central Asian group’, but with the peoples in the Amur and Sakhalin. We can not positively identify the specific ancestors of the Okhotsk people, however, because few prehistoric human skeletal remains have been recovered in the Amur and Sakhalin areas. Although the craniometric analysis showed a considerable difference between the Ainu and Okhotsk peoples, the nonmetric cranial variations suggested that the Ainu were originally closer to the Okhotsk than to other Northern Mongoloids even before any admixture.
Packaging water: plastic bottles as market and public devices

Abstract The emergence of bottled water as one of the fastest growing markets in the global beverage industry has attracted much attention, most of it negative. It seems that no sooner had the plastic bottle of water appeared as a mass rather than a boutique commodity than it became a matter of concern. A huge variety of activist campaigns have sprung up against bottles, focusing on everything from plastic wastes to chemical leaching. There is now no question that, in many places, diverse environmental publics stalk this commodity. How then does the framing of bottled water as a controversial issue interact with its markets? Using a range of examples, this paper investigates Callon's idea of markets as hybrid forums and key sites for the proliferation of the social. However, rather than focus on the deliberative processes of democracy the idea of hybrid forums is extended with an analysis of how affect, vital materiality and the evanescence of publics can reveal the fecundity of an issue. By sticking to the bottle the aim is to understand how, in particular arrangements, the vital materialism of plastic can be unleashed, inviting consumers to reflect on its origins and afterlife, long after games of value are exhausted. Analysis of affective modulation and vital materialism extends debates in economic sociology in critical ways. First, it shows how objects can acquire political capacity, how their material force, or ‘thing-power’ as Jane Bennett calls it, can become ethically and politically potent. Second, it reveals more-than-human politics and publics as often affective, as caught up in the play of ontological meaning and disturbance.
Shallow-water, coral reef and mangrove Amphipoda (Gammaridae) of Fiji

Eighty species of marine gammaridean Amphipoda are currently known from Fiji . During a three month period in late 1979. 77 species were collected. and these are described and figured . Keys for the identification of all known Fijian species are included . Fiji appears to share most of its taxa with Hawaii. Indonesia and the Indian Ocean. and few with eastern Polynesia. but this may reflect collecting intensity . Few taxa are shared with New Zealand . Forty percent of Fijian taxa are new to science . Forty-one percent of taxa are currently of endemic status but this figure will undoubtedly be lowered when more Indo-Pacific island groups are explored . Fiji is characterised by a higher percentage of domicolo~ls forms than any other well studied island group . The results of a quantitative survey of amphipods on a transect across a fringing reef in south Viti Levu are given . MYERS. A.A. , 1985 . Shallow.water. coral reef and mangrove Amphipoda (Gammaridea) of Fiji . Records of the Australian Museum Supplement 5: 1-143 .
Floral sex ratios, disease and seed set in dioecious Silene dioica

1 In the dioecious, perennial herb Silene dioica, the density of pollen donors in a population is determined by overall plant density, the sex ratio and the proportion of plants infected with the anther‐smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum, which results in permanent sterility of both male and female plants.
The Effect of the Water Extracts of Digestive Medicinal Plants on the Shelf-life of Pork Patties

This study was performed to examine the possibility of water extracts of several digestive medicinal plants (DMPEs),such as Amomum tasoko, Alpinia oxyphylla, Citrus unshiu, and Myristica fragrans, as a natural antioxidant. Total phenolcontents of each extract were expressed as gallic acid equibalents (GAE) and those were significantly different among A.tasoko (39.87±5.77 mg GAE/g), A. oxyphylla (30.28±3.36 mg GAE/g), C. unshiu (28.13±5.01 mg GAE/g) and M. fragrans(6.36±0.30 mg GAE/g) (p<0.05), and extract of A. tasoko showed significantly higher antioxidative effect than butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) on linoleic acid peroxidation at 72 h after incubation (p<0.05). Addition of extracts in pork pattiesdid not affect the pH value and total microbes during cold storage. However, thiobarbituric acid reative substances (TBARS)of treated patties were lower in dose dependant manner than that of control as storage period increased (except pattiestreated with C. unshiu extract), and patties treated with 0.5% A. tasoko extract showed no significant difference with pattiestreated with 0.5% BHA at day 7.Key words: digestive medicinal plant extracts, antioxidative effect, pork patty, shelf-life
A New Approach for Power Flow Analysis of Balanced Radial Distribution Systems

Power flow analysis is perhaps the most useful technique in the design and operation of a power system. This paper reports on a new method of power flow analysis for solving balanced radial distribution systems. The proposed method models the radial distribution system as a series of interconnected ladder networks. Using Kirchoff's laws, a set of iterative power flow equations was developed to conduct the power flow studies. It is very efficient and has excellent convergence characteristics. The radial topology of distribution networks has been fully exploited such that a unique branch and node numbering scheme is utilized to achieve storage and computational economy. Due to the voltage dependency of loads in distribution systems, various static load models are incorporated in the power flow algorithm to obtain better and more accurate results. The computer software implemented in this power flow method was then developed using C++ and successfully applied to several practical radial distribution networks. The results were then validated with those obtained from using existing power flow analysis software. The performance of this method was found to be superior in terms of solution time and convergence characteristics to existing power flow methods. This paper also compares the power flow results of a distribution system for the different voltage-dependent load models. The convergence patterns of this power flow method for the various load models were also compared. In addition, the effects of system characteristics on the convergence of the method are highlighted.
Effects of Body Size on the Predator‐Prey Interaction Between Pumpkinseed Sunfish and Gastropods

Body size is known to play a critical role in determining patterns of prey selection. In this study, we examined the diets of pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus) from three Michigan lakes. Pumpkinseeds have highly developed pharyngeal jaws specialized for crushing gastropods, and in our study lakes gastropods consistently contributed >80% of the prey mass in pumpkinseed diets. However, the average dietary composition and prey selection among snail taxa and size classes varied considerably among dates and sites. We hypothesized that this variation was influenced by changes in the size structure of the snail community. We used laboratory studies to quantify the effect of snail (and fish) size on three important components of the predator—prey interaction: encounter rates, attack probabilities, and capture successes. We then used these laboratory data to predict prey selection observed in the field. For most of our field situations, a simple model based on size—specific encouter rates only) explained a large percent (71%) of the observed variation in prey selection. However, in those cases where some of the snails were resistant to predation, due to crushing resistance or gape limitation, this simple model was a very poor predictor of prey selection. A more complex model (based on encounter rates and size refuges) successfully explained 46% of the variance in these cases where snails were relatively invulnerable. Finally, we compared estimates of attack probabilities with predictions from optimal foraging theory and found qualitative agreement in that fish ignored prey of low profitabilities and became more selective as the quality of the environment improved. however, the incorporation of variable attack probabilities into the foraging model resolved only a small part of the observed residual variation in selectivities because snails with low profitabilities were already underrepresented in the diet due to their low encounter rates or capture successes. This study demonstrates that predator—prey interactions in size—structured populations can create apparently complex variation in prey selection, but that this variation can be largely understood within a framework that simultaneously considers the dynamics of prey size distributions and how components of the foraging interaction scale with body size of the predator and prey.
W(h)ither Phonological Awareness? Literate trainee teachers' lack of stable knowledge about the sound structure of words

Recent national developments in the teaching of literacy in the early years in the UK mean that teachers need to have explicit fluent knowledge of the sound structure of the language and its relationship to orthography in order to teach reading effectively. In this study, a group of 38 graduate trainee primary teachers were given a pencil and paper test of phonological awareness as part of a course on teaching literacy. Results from the pencil and paper test were used as the basis of teaching about the sound structure of words. The test was repeated six months later. The results showed that they did not use a consistent system for segmenting words into component sounds. Though there was substantial improvement on second testing, many trainees still did not show evidence that they had yet developed sufficient insights into the sound structure of words to be able to teach children about phonemes with certainty. It is argued that student teachers need substantial explicit training and practice in manipulating the sound structure of words to enable them to teach this aspect of language confidently.
A revision of Conomyrma (Hymenoptera; Formicidae) from the southeastern United States, especially Florida, with keys to the species.

Workers of five new species of Conomyrma from Florida and other southeastern states are described, and 2 existing taxa are redescribed. Queens are described for most species. Males are not readily distinguishable, as far as known. Among the new species C. elegans n. sp. has slender, yellow workers and a very restricted range in the scrublands of Highlands Co., Florida; C. bossuta n. sp. is a variously colored, common though inconspicuous species of the xeric woodlands of Florida and southern Georgia; C. bureni n. sp. is the abundant, usually yellowish, roadside and old field Conomyrma of the southeastern and Atlantic coast states (but not Texas and the Midwest, where it is replaced by C. flava); C. medeis n. sp. is a densely pubescent, dark brown or black species of the C. smithi (Cole) complex and a temporary social parasite of C. bureni with approximately the same geographic range; and C. reginicula n. sp. , known only from peninsular Florida, is a species morphologically similar to C. medeis but less pubescent and weakly bicolored, and is a temporary social parasite of C. bureni and probably C. bossuta. Among the described species, C. flavopectus (M. R. Smith) is dark brown with a striking yellow thorax, and is restricted to the sand pine-Florida rosemary scrublands of peninsular Florida; and C. grandula (Forel), originally described as a Prenolepis, is a small brown species of woodland openings from northern Florida to New Jersey.
Does stand structure influence susceptibility of eucalypt floodplain forests to dieback

Forest dieback is a worldwide problem that is likely to increase with climate change and increasing human demands for resources. Eucalyptus camaldulensis forests are an acute example of forest dieback, with 70% of the Victorian Murray River floodplain in some state of dieback. If we are to halt dieback in these floodplain forests, we need to understand what makes stands susceptible to dieback. Forest diebacks are often related to stand structure, with dieback more severe in senescent or high-density stands. We determined whether certain stand structures make these forests more susceptible to dieback. We undertook an extensive survey of 176 stands across 100 000 ha of forest, covering the range of stand condition on this floodplain. Large and small trees (20-, 40-, 80- and 120-cm diameter) showed a similar reduction in the probability of being alive with decreasing stand condition. A slight improvement in stand condition was found at higher densities and basal areas, which may reflect the higher productivity or younger age of these stands. Stand condition was moderately, positively correlated with longitude, with stand condition being higher in the east of the Murray River floodplain where flooding frequencies are currently higher. This suggests that dieback of these floodplain forests would be more effectively mitigated by increased water availability through flooding than by altering stand structure.
The conception of self in children's narratives

The objective of this research was learning about the chosen aspects of self‐knowledge in 8‐year‐old children, evoked through self‐presentation of the public and private self. The issues considered dealt with particular, significant features of ‘personal narrative’ analysed through both the content and the form of the self‐presentation utterance. The particular issues were as follows: Do 8‐year‐old children's stories about themselves have a full narrative structure? What is the structure of children's self‐image? What are the subjects that make up the children's self‐image? Is auto‐narration characterised by a general consistency of content? Do children present various images of self, depending on social context? Data are collected using videotapes (observations of children and semi‐structured interviews) and document analysis (collection of children's drawings with selfportrait). Data are investigated to discover the variety of child's self‐conception and description of the structure and the system of self. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the research material made it possible to examine and describe what is the child's conception of personal identity. The analysis of the results made it possible to compare the picture of self in the child's mind.
The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, in Japan: Assessment of impact on species diversity of ant communities in urban environments

The Argentine ant Linepithema humile (Mayr) invaded the Hiroshima Prefecture in south‐west Japan some time before 1990. In this report, we describe the distribution of this exotic ant species and assess its impact on indigenous ant communities in urban areas. L. humile is now widely distributed mainly in urban areas and surrounding secondary vegetation of the cities Hatsukaichi and Hiroshima. The impact assessment suggested that L. humile reduced species diversity of local, indigenous ant communities. There was differential sensitivity of indigenous ant species to the invasion of L. humile. Some ant species disappeared in parks infested with L. humile; for example, Pheidole noda, Pheidole indica and Lasius japonicus. L. humile seemed to be superior to these ant species in certain traits and habits, such as mobility, recruitment ability, aggressiveness and omnivory. In contrast, Paratrechina sakurae and Camponotus vitiosus were less affected by L. humile infestation. The mechanisms allowing such coexistence seemed to be small body size (P. sakurae) and arboreal nesting habits (C. vitiosus).
Effect of High-Temperature Short-Time Heat Treatments on Some Properties of Milk. I. Inactivation of the Phosphatase Enzyme

Summary Information was secured on the phosphatase activity of raw milk and the distribution of phosphatase in various milk fractions. The phosphatase is believed to be located to a large extent but not entirely at the fat-serum interface. Separation temperatures up to 120° F. did not appreciably change the distribution of the phosphatase in the cream and skim milk fractions. Separation of heated milks possessing various phosphatase activities showed that the lower the phosphatase activity in the milk the less the difference in the phosphatase activity in the cream over that in the milk. A standard of 1 p.p.m. phenol was selected as satisfactory destruction considering the limits of accuracy of the test and the smallest increase from a practical standpoint in phosphatase activity in cream over that in milk from which this cream was separated. A study was made of the kinetics of phosphatase inactivation by heat, and time-temperature relationships for the inactivation of phosphatase are given over the temperature range of 143 to 185° F. A mathematical solution for time-temperature cycles is given which takes into consideration accumulative effects of heating to the holding temperature in reducing the phosphatase activity to 1 p.p.m. phenol. Data secured with various rates of heating indicated that the mathematical solution is satisfactory for practical use in determining time and temperature necessary to give a negative phosphatase test in milk with various heating methods. It follows that, if the phosphatase test is used as the standard for adequate pasteurization, this mathematical solution can be applied to determine the proper time-temperature conditions.
Contribution toward a monograph of the genus Ascosphaera

Cultures and herbarium collections of the previously described species of Ascosphaera were studied. Additional observations are reported on Ascosphaera strains associated with the alfalfa leaf-cutting bee, Megachile rotundata (Fab.). Three new species of Ascosphaera are described, all occurring in brood cells of the alfalfa leaf-cutting bee. Ascosphaera larvis sp.nov., with short, ellipsoidal ascospores, was frequently associated with a chalkbrood-like disease in early-instar larvae. Ascosphaera pollenicola sp.nov., a homothallic species with subcylindric ascospores, most often occurred on pollen provisions in brood cells. Ascosphaera variegata sp.nov., with conspicuously mottled ascomatal walls, was isolated from pollen and also from larvae that had died from undetermined causes. Descriptions and an identification key are provided for the 11 species of Ascosphaera currently recognized.
PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHYSIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SPORES OF THE KELPS MACROCYSTIS PYRIFERA, NEREOCYSTIS LUETKEANA, LAMINARIA FARLOWII, AND PTERYGOPHORA CALIFORNICA (PHAEOPHYCEAE) 1

Recently released spores of the kelps Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Ag. , Nereocystis luetkeana (Mert.) Post. and Rupr. , Laminaria farlowii Setch. , and Pterygophora californica Rupr. had different levels of net photosynthesis. Spore‐specific photosynthesis–irradiance relationships were similar in many respects for M. pyrifera, N. luetkeana, and L. farlowii spores. All three species had low rates of net light‐saturated photosynthesis. In contrast, spores of P. californica had higher photosynthetic potential and overall net photosynthesis than the other three species. On a cell carbon basis, however, photosynthetic rates in N. luetkeana spores were similar to those of P. californica spores and higher than those of M. pyrifera spores. Chlorophyll a content of spores varied 10‐fold among species. The rank order of significant differences in chlorophyll a content was P. californica > L. farlowii > N. luetkeana > M. pyrifera. As a result, chlorophyll‐specific measurements suggest M. pyrifera and N. luetkeana spores had much higher quantum efficiency and photosynthetic potential than either P. californica or L. farlowii spores. Maternal carbon and nitrogen investment significantly differed in spores of M. pyrifera, N. luetkeana, and P. californica with P. californica > M. pyrifera > N. luetkeana. Carbon content in spores of each of these three species increased by about 30% during 12 h of saturating irradiance. We suggest that the photosynthetic capabilities of and maternal investment in spores may be related to the spore as a unit of dispersal, to the reproductive ecology of the parental sporophytic stages, and to the growth and physiology of the germling gametophyte stages.
Estimativa de freqüência de recombinação no mapeamento genético de famílias de irmãos completos

The objective of this work was to obtain the estimates of recombination frequency, through simulation, for different situations in genetic mapping involving full sibling families. A genome with three linkage groups simulated, each one with 11 molecular marks which were multi-allelic, codominants, with saturation of 10 cM. Starting from this genome, two situations were simulated: one with informative genitors, and other with genitors formed randomly. Once all the recombination frequencies were estimated, it was found out that in completely informative loci, the recombination frequency can be calculated among equal pairs of loci starting from the gametic frequency of each genitor, or starting from the genotipic frequency of the progeny. For partially informative loci, the recombination frequency starting from the united genotipic frequency is more appropriate.
Influence of moisture supply, temperature, and light on frost-hardiness changes in Douglas-fir seedlings

Effects of moisture supply, temperature regime, and light on frost-hardiness changes in 2-year-old Douglas-fir seedlings were studied. Frost-hardiness was measured by an electrolytic method. Eight-hour light (3000 ft-c) periods caused increase in hardiness, compared with 16-hour light periods, when seedlings grew under a 12-hour day/night temperature regime of 13 °C/7.5 °C. Long days retarded development of hardiness, under otherwise natural conditions in autumn, but did not prevent plants becoming frost-hardy later. Moisture supply had no direct effect on hardiness, although low supply may have reduced response to photoperiod. Development of hardiness was dependent on night temperature when day and night temperatures were in the range 7.5°–24 °C, and lower night temperatures favored hardening. Loss of hardiness was not influenced by photoperiod.Seedlings did not harden in darkness at 2.5 °C over 9 weeks, but hardening occurred if low intensity light (40 or 100 ft-c) was provided. Continuous low-intensity.
Expression of triplicated and quadruplicated α globin genes in sheep

Summary. In the sheep ααα globin gene haplotype, the three genes display from the 5′ to the 3′ end the percentage efficiencies of about 30:14:6, as indicated by the amounts of the three types of α chain produced in the ααα/ααα homozygotes. The 3′ gene in the αααα haplotype appears to have an efficiency around 1%, as suggested by analysis of one quadruple a homozygote. Moreover, the total outputs of the ααα as well as of the αααα haplotypes do not substantially differ from that of the common αα haplotype.
Inverse Relationship Between Temperature and Shyness in the Lizard Anolis Lineatopus

An increase in flight distance with a decrease in body temperature in 32 male Anolis lineatopus at Mona, Jamaica, supports more casual field observations that these lizards are shier when they are cold than when they are warm. It is suggested that this increased shyness compensates for the slowing effects of lower temperatures on biological processes and so helps protect these arboreal lizards from warm—blooded predators. See full-text article at JSTOR