Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antisunward space current below the Magsat level during magnetic storms and its possible connection with partial ring current in the magnetosphere

It is possible to calculate, with the Magsat data, the total amount of electric current passing through the plane enclosed by the Magsat orbit, from the line integration of the observed magnetic field component tangential to the Magsat orbit, i.e., a direct application of Ampere's theorem. After eliminating the spurious effect arising from the earth's rotation under the Magsat orbit, it is concluded that the space current of a few million amp. flows antisunward below the Magsat level during magnetic storms, whereas such a space current is almost absent on quiet condition. The depression in the horizontal intensity of geomagnetic field in low latitudes is noticeably greater on the duskside than on the dawnside, especially at the developing stages of magnetic storms. Combining these two observations, we may conclude that 10--20% of the westward ring (or shell) current in the dusk magnetosphere will close its current circuit with antisunward field-aligned current in the magnetosphere connected with a net horizontal current flowing in the ionosphere.
Nomogram and Risk Calculator for Postoperative Tracheostomy after Heart Valve Surgery

Postoperative tracheostomy (POT) is an important indicator of critical illness, associated with poorer prognoses and increased medical burdens. However, studies on POTs after heart valve surgery (HVS) have not been reported. The objectives of this study were first to identify the risk factors and develop a risk prediction model for POTs after HVS, and second to clarify the relationship between POTs and clinical outcomes. Consecutive adults undergoing HVS from January 2016 to December 2019 in a single cardiovascular center were enrolled, and a POT was performed in 1.8% of the included patients (68/3853). Compared to patients without POTs, the patients with POTs had higher rates of readmission to the ICU and in-hospital mortality, as well as longer ICU and hospital stays. Five factors were identified to be significantly associated with POTs after HVS by our multivariate analysis, including age, diabetes mellitus, pulmonary edema, intraoperative transfusion of red blood cells, and surgical types. A nomogram and a risk calculator were constructed based on the five factors, showing excellent discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility. Three risk intervals were defined as low-, medium-, and high-risk groups according to the nomogram and clinical practice. The findings of this study may be helpful for early risk assessment and perioperative management.
Statistical Shape Analysis

Preliminaries: Size Measures and Shape Coordinates. Preliminaries: Planar Procrustes Analysis. Shape Space and Distance. General Procrustes Methods. Shape Models for Two Dimensional Data. Tangent Space Inference. Size--and--Shape. Distributions for Higher Dimensions. Deformations and Describing Shape Change. Shape in Images. Additional Topics. References and Author Index. Index.
Effective UAV patrolling for swarm of intruders with heterogeneous behavior

Abstract The phenomenal growth in the utilization of commercial unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones leads to an urgent need for new approaches to ensure safety in the sky. Effective aerial surveillance requires patrolling swarms to react according to the various behaviors demonstrated by intruding swarms, but existing approaches are not practical when dealing with a large number of drones. Specifically, predicting the behaviors or planned paths of the intruding swarms is highly challenging as intruders may perform evasive strategies to avoid detection. Therefore, this work utilizes heuristic search strategies and investigates how various intruder behaviors affect the search performance. To investigate the search performance, a swarm versus swarm simulator is developed. Using the simulator, first, a comparative study is performed to evaluate how intruders’ behaviors can affect the performance of the patrolling swarm. Subsequently, three approaches, including single-objective optimization, multi-objective optimization, and Lévy flight, are compared in terms of their detection performance in a bounded space. The results suggest that multi-objective optimization outperforms both single-objective optimization and Lévy flight-based approaches. Furthermore, our results show that intruders have a lower chance of being tracked when moving in a dense crowd, and this finding reaffirms the schooling behaviors of fish. In a specific simulation scenario, the total percentage of detection is above 90%. However, the detection percentage is highly related to other factors such as search space, number of patrolling UAVs, and the intruders’ behaviors.
Preoperative Risk Factors Associated with Increased Incidence of Postoperative Delirium: Systematic Review of Qualified Clinical Studies

Postoperative delirium (POD) is an acute alteration of mental state, characterized by reduced awareness and attention, occurring up to five postoperative days after recovery from anesthesia. Several original studies and reviews have identified possible perioperative POD risk factors; however, there is no comprehensive review of the preoperative risk factors in patients diagnosed with POD using only validated diagnostic scales. The aim of this systematic review was to report the preoperative risk factors associated with an increased incidence of POD in patients undergoing non-cardiac and non-brain surgery. The reviewed studies included original research papers that used at least one validated diagnostic scale to identify POD occurrence for more than 24 h. A total of 6475 references were retrieved from the database search, with only 260 of them being suitable for further review. Out of the 260 reviewed studies, only 165 that used a validated POD scale reported one or more preoperative risk factors. Forty-one risk factors were identified, with various levels of statistical significance. The extracted risk factors could serve as a preoperative POD risk assessment workup. Future studies dedicated to the further evaluation of the specific preoperative risk factors’ contributions to POD could help with the development of a weighted screening tool.
Analysis of Co-Crystallization Mechanism of Theophylline and Citric Acid from Raman Investigations in Pseudo Polymorphic Forms Obtained by Different Synthesis Methods

Designing co-crystals can be considered as a commonly used strategy to improve the bioavailability of many low molecular weight drug candidates. The present study has revealed the existence of three pseudo polymorphic forms of theophylline–citric acid (TP–CA) co-crystal obtained via different routes of synthesis. These forms are characterized by different degrees of stability in relation with the strength of intermolecular forces responsible for the co-crystalline cohesion. Combining low- and high-frequency Raman investigations made it possible to identify anhydrous and hydrate forms of theophylline–citric acid co-crystals depending on the preparation method. It was shown that the easiest form to synthesize (form 1′), by milling one hydrate with an anhydrous reactant, is very metastable, and transforms into the anhydrous form 1 upon heating or into the hydrated form 2 when it is exposed to humidity. Raman investigations performed in situ during the co-crystallization of forms 1 and 2 have shown that two different types of H-bonding ensure the co-crystalline cohesion depending on the presence of water. In the hydrated form 2, the cohesive forces are related to strong O–H … O H-bonds between water molecules and the reactants. In the anhydrous form 1, the co-crystalline cohesion is ensured by very weak H-bonds between the two anhydrous reactants, interpreted as corresponding to π-H-bonding. The very weak strength of the cohesive forces in form 1 explains the difficulty to directly synthesize the anhydrous co-crystal.
X–Ka Band Epitaxial ScAlN/AlN/NbN/SiC High-Overtone Bulk Acoustic Resonators

This letter presents the first demonstration of epitaxial scandium aluminum nitride (ScAlN) based high-overtone bulk acoustic resonators (epi-HBARs) with over 1600 acoustic cavity resonance modes spanning the X – Ka bands (8 GHz – 40 GHz). We present data up to the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2150^{\text {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> overtone (39.99 GHz). This is an unprecedented result even for HBARs, which often exhibit hundreds of overtones. The measurements demonstrate the successful combination of multiple innovations, namely: a) the growth of ultra-thin, high quality Sc0.33Al0. 67N (high Sc fraction), b) on an epitaxial heterostructure with lattice- and acoustic impedance-matched layers, and c) the selective etching of ScAlN on NbN. Key metrics for the ScAlN epi-HBARs include <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Q} >7000$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{f}\times \text{Q}\,\,>\,\,10^{{14}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Hz, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k^{{2}}_{\textit {eff}}\,\,\times \text{Q}_{\textit {BV}{D}} >0.22$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at cryogenic temperatures for frequencies as high as 40 GHz (>500,<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${6}\times {10} ^{{12 }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Hz, >0.1 at room temperature). Temperature trends motivate future investigation of unquantified high frequency acoustic loss mechanisms. Such robust RF MEMS epi-HBARs with piezoelectric drive and readout are promising candidates for compact microwave/millimeter wave signal processing elements.
Corrosion degradation of aluminium alloys using a computational framework

The paper describes the corrosion based degradation of aluminium alloys using an analytical and numerical framework. The corrosion rate was calculated using analytical equations for aluminium sheets subjected to a corrodent. Parametric analysis for the pit morphology, diameter, depth and distribution on the plate was conducted using finite element analysis. A comparison between elliptical and circular pits of the same area was also made for stress magnification using numerical analysis. It was observed that the stress generated at constant load when a specimen corrodes due to pitting is directly proportional to the pit diameter and pit depth. Zigzag pit morphologies due to the combined effect of mechanical degradation and corrosion have the highest stress at the corners of the pattern, while circular pits have the highest stress at the centre of the pit. The zigzag pit morphology has more detrimental effects than circular pits. For multiple distributed pits, the pits closer to the specimen edges exhibit higher stress values than those near the centre of the specimen. The effect of multiple or quantitatively increased number of pits having smaller geometric properties has a more detrimental effect than a single pit with larger geometric attributes.
The Usefulness of Accounting Information and Management Accounting Practices under Environmental Uncertainty

The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we aim to investigate the relationships among environmental uncertainty, broad-scope and timely management accounting information usefulness, and (traditional and contemporary) management accounting practices (MAPs) usage. Secondly, we intend to explore how these relationships influence decision-makers’ satisfaction with management accounting information. Survey data were obtained through an online questionnaire from 114 large manufacturing companies operating in Portugal. The findings indicate a positive relationship between environmental uncertainty and timely management accounting information usefulness and between (broad-scope and timely) management accounting information usefulness and (traditional and contemporary) MAPs usage. The findings also show that decision-makers’ satisfaction with management accounting information improves when there is a good fit between environmental uncertainty, broad-scope and timely management accounting information usefulness, and MAPs usage. In this way, organisations need to adjust the implementation and usage of MAPs to contextual factors, using both contemporary and traditional MAPs, to achieve greater decision-makers’ satisfaction with management accounting information. Thus, the results achieved in this study are useful for both theory and practice and have several implications for professionals engaged in MAPs implementation and decision-making activities.
Distribution patterns and drivers of nonendemic and endemic glires species in China

Abstract Spatial patterns and determinants of species richness in complex geographical regions are important subjects of current biogeography and biodiversity conservation research. Glires are small herbivorous mammal species with limited migratory ability that may serve as an indicator of biodiversity and ecosystems. Herein, we aimed to evaluate how multiple ecological hypotheses could explain the species richness patterns of glires in China. Initially, we constructed a mapping grid cell operating units of 80 × 80 km2 which covered China's land mass and mapped the distribution ranges of the 237 glires species that had recorded. The glires taxa were separated into three response variables based on their distribution: (a) all species, (b) nonendemic species, and (c) endemic species. The species richness patterns of the response variables were evaluated using four predictor sets: (a) hydrothermal characteristics, (b) climatic seasonality, (c) habitat heterogeneity, and (d) human factors. We performed regression tree analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and variation partitioning analyses to determine the effects of predictors on spatial species patterns. The results showed that the distribution pattern of species richness was the highest in the Hengduan Mountains and surrounding areas in southwest China. However, only a few endemic species adapted to high‐latitude environments. It was found that there are differences about the determinants between nonendemic and endemic species. Habitat heterogeneity was the most influential determinant for the distribution patterns of nonendemic species richness. Climatic seasonality was the best predictor to determine the richness distribution pattern of endemic species, whereas this was least affected by human factors. Furthermore, it should be noted that hydrothermal characteristics were not strong predictors of richness patterns for all or nonendemic species, which may be due to the fact that there are also more species in some areas with less precipitation or energy. Therefore, glires are likely to persist in areas with characteristics of high habitat heterogeneity and stable climate.
Numerical Methods for Viscous Flows With Moving Boundaries

A review of numerical algorithms for the analysis of viscous flows with moving interfaces is presented. The review is supplemented with a discussion of methods that have been introduced in the context of other classes of free boundary problems, but which can be generalized to viscous flows with moving interfaces. The available algorithms can be classified as Eulerian, Langrangian, and mixed, ie, Eulerian-Lagrangian. Eulerian algorithms consist of fixed grid methods, adaptive grid methods, mapping methods, and special methods. Langrangian algorithms consist of strictly Langrangian methods, Langrangian methods with rezoning, free Lagrangian methods and particle methods. Mixed methods rely on both Lagrangian and Eulerian concepts. The review consists of a description of the present state-of-the-art of each group of algorithms and their applications to a variety of problems. The existing methods are effective in dealing with small to medium interface deformations. For problems with medium to large deformations the methods produce results that are reasonable from a physical viewpoint; however, their accuracy is difficult to ascertain.
A Thermodynamic Approach to the Metaboloepigenetics of Cancer

We present a novel thermodynamic approach to the epigenomics of cancer metabolism. Here, any change in a cancer cell’s membrane electric potential is completely irreversible, and as such, cells must consume metabolites to reverse the potential whenever required to maintain cell activity, a process driven by ion fluxes. Moreover, the link between cell proliferation and the membrane’s electric potential is for the first time analytically proven using a thermodynamic approach, highlighting how its control is related to inflow and outflow of ions; consequently, a close interaction between environment and cell activity emerges. Lastly, we illustrate the concept by evaluating the Fe2+-flux in the presence of carcinogenesis-promoting mutations of the TET1/2/3 gene family.
Visualization of Swift Ion Tracks in Suspended Local Diamondized Few-Layer Graphene

In the present study we investigated the nanostructuring processes in locally suspended few-layer graphene (FLG) films by irradiation with high energy ions (Xe, 26–167 MeV). For such an energy range, the main channel of energy transfer to FLG is local, short-term excitation of the electronic subsystem. The irradiation doses used in this study are 1 × 1011–5 × 1012 ion/cm2. The structural transformations in the films were identified by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Two types of nanostructures formed in the FLG films as a result of irradiation were revealed. At low irradiation doses the nanostructures were formed preferably at a certain distance from the ion track and had the form of 15–35 nm “bunches”. We assumed that the internal mechanical stress that arises due to the excited atoms ejection from the central track part creates conditions for the nanodiamond formation near the track periphery. Depending on the energy of the irradiating ions, the local restructuring of films at the periphery of the ion tracks can lead either to the formation of nanodiamonds (ND) or to the formation of AA’ (or ABC) stacking. The compressive strain value and pressure at the periphery of the ion track were estimated as ~0.15–0.22% and ~0.8–1.2 GPa, respectively. The main novel results are the first visualization of ion tracks in graphene in the form of diamond or diamond-like rings, the determination of the main condition for the diamond formation (the absence of a substrate in combination with high ion energy), and estimates of the local strain at the track periphery. Generally, we have developed a novel material and have found how to control the film properties by introducing regions similar to quantum dots with the diamond interface in FLG films.
Nonlinear optical susceptibility measurements of solutions using third-harmonic generation on the interface

By simultaneous measurements of the third-harmonic intensity on two interfaces, it is possible to make precise and fast measurements of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of solutions. We propose a simple nonlinear optical technique that eliminates the effects of both scattering and absorption, thus allowing for characterization of colloidal solutions with possible aggregation. The proposed technique is experimentally demonstrated for a variety of solutions, both transparent and scattering, and shows very good agreement with data obtained by other means.
SoRoForge: End-to-End Soft Actuator Design

We present SoRoForge, a design tool that addresses several limitations in the existing design and fabrication workflow for pneumatic soft actuators. We use implicit geometry functions to specify geometry and material distribution, a GUI-based software tool for interactive exploration of computational network representations of these implicit functions, and an automated tool for generating and displaying rapid simulation results of candidate designs. We prioritize seamless connectivity between all stages of the design and fabrication process, and elimination of steps that require human intervention. The workflow presented here integrates with existing capabilities for multimaterial additive manufacturing, and is also forward-compatible with emerging automated design techniques. The data gathered from human-interaction with this tool will be used by future automation tools to enable automated soft actuator design based on high-level specifications. Note to Practitioners—In this paper we present SoRoForge, a software tool that integrates major stages of soft actuator design and fabrication, which are ordinarily distinct and require deep domain expertise to investigate.This work promotes cross-discipline collaboration, allowing experts in other fields to map soft robotics solutions onto their design problems.Our key contribution is the automation of normally tedious or complex aspects of soft actuator design and fabrication: the specification of design geometry, the preparation of numerical simulation studies, and the physical realization of finished designs.Applications for soft actuators designed using our tool include soft manipulators on automated assembly lines, patient-specific biomedical implements, and food handling equipment for easily bruised produce.
Single-Energy Metal Artifact Reduction (SEMAR) in Ultra-High-Resolution CT Angiography of Patients with Intracranial Implants

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of single-energy metal artifact reduction (SEMAR) on image quality of ultra-high-resolution CT-angiography (UHR-CTA) with intracranial implants after aneurysm treatment. Methods: Image quality of standard and SEMAR-reconstructed UHR-CT-angiography images of 54 patients who underwent coiling or clipping was retrospectively evaluated. Image noise (i.e., index for metal-artifact strength) was analyzed in close proximity to and more distally from the metal implant. Frequencies and intensities of metal artifacts were additionally measured and intensity-differences between both reconstructions were compared in different frequencies and distances. Qualitative analysis was performed by two radiologists using a four-point Likert-scale. All measured results from both quantitative and qualitative analysis were then compared between coils and clips. Results: Metal artifact index (MAI) and the intensity of coil-artifacts were significantly lower in SEMAR than in standard CTA in close vicinity to and more distally from the coil-package (p < 0.001, each). MAI and the intensity of clip-artifacts were significantly lower in close vicinity (p = 0.036; p < 0.001, respectively) and more distally from the clip (p = 0.007; p < 0.001, respectively). In patients with coils, SEMAR was significantly superior in all qualitative categories to standard images (p < 0.001), whereas in patients with clips, only artifacts were significantly less (p < 0.05) for SEMAR. Conclusion: SEMAR significantly reduces metal artifacts in UHR-CT-angiography images with intracranial implants and improves image quality and diagnostic confidence. SEMAR effects were strongest in patients with coils, whereas the effects were minor in patients with titanium-clips due to the absent of or minimal artifacts.
Star Clusters in Interacting and Cooling Flow Galaxies

Two interacting galaxies and four central galaxies in cooling flow clusters were observed with the Hubble Space Telescope to look for young compact massive star clusters. The two interacting galaxies, NGC 3597 and NGC 6052, show clear evidence for resolved bright blue clusters that are likely to be comparable in mass to Galactic globulars based on their colors and brightnesses. In NGC 3597, the clusters have physical sizes comparable to Galactic globulars. In NGC 6052, there are a few compact clusters, but most appear more extended. No such objects were seen in three of the four cooling flow galaxies. The central galaxy in Abell 1795 may have several massive blue clusters, but its distance prevents us from knowing how compact they are.