Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A nearly 30-years living collection from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is a new species: a case study of Betula mcallisterii sp. nov. (sect. Acuminatae, Betulaceae) and its little hybridization with Betula luminifera

Species description meets challenges arising from various species concepts. Integrating different sources of information and multiple lines of evidence are important for species recognition and discovery. Here we use morphology, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and flow cytometry to study the species status of the unidentified Betula samples collected in this study and to assess the extent of hybridization between the unidentified Betula samples and B. luminifera in natural populations. Molecular analyses show the unidentified Betula samples as a distinct lineage and reveal very little genetic admixture between the unidentified samples and B. luminifera. Unexpectedly, the unidentified samples formed a well-supported monophyletic clade with the living collection of B. luminifera 19933472 in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh which was introduced from Southwest China. Flow cytometry shows that the unidentified samples and B. luminifera 19933472 are diploid. Our data indicates that B. luminifera 19933472 and the unidentified Betula samples should be recognized as a new species, namely B. mcallisterii. The very little introgression between B. mcallisterii and B. luminifera indicates a strong reproductive barrier. Our research shows the importance of gathering information from wild populations and the value of an integrative approach in species discovery. Societal Impact Statement A comprehensive survey of plant species from natural populations can aid greatly in taxonomy and species delimitation. Here, we discovered a new birch species from the wild and unexpectedly found that this species has been introduced to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh for nearly 30 years. We found very little introgression between the new species and its closely-related species. Our study highlighted the importance in integrating sources of information from natural populations and botanic gardens for species discovery.
Prediction of multiple conformational states by combining sequence clustering with AlphaFold2

AlphaFold2 (AF2) has revolutionized structural biology by accurately predicting single structures of proteins and protein-protein complexes. However, biological function is rooted in a protein’s ability to sample different conformational substates, and disease-causing point mutations are often due to population changes of these substates. This has sparked immense interest in expanding AF2’s capability to predict conformational substates. We demonstrate that clustering an input multiple sequence alignment (MSA) by sequence similarity enables AF2 to sample alternate states of known metamorphic proteins, including the circadian rhythm protein KaiB, the transcription factor RfaH, and the spindle checkpoint protein Mad2, and score these states with high confidence. Moreover, we use AF2 to identify a minimal set of two point mutations predicted to switch KaiB between its two states. Finally, we used our clustering method, AF-cluster, to screen for alternate states in protein families without known fold-switching, and identified a putative alternate state for the oxidoreductase DsbE. Similarly to KaiB, DsbE is predicted to switch between a thioredoxin-like fold and a novel fold. This prediction is the subject of future experimental testing. Further development of such bioinformatic methods in tandem with experiments will likely have profound impact on predicting protein energy landscapes, essential for shedding light into biological function.
Synthetic EMG Based on Adversarial Style Transfer can Effectively Attack Biometric-based Personal Identification Models

Biometric-based personal identification models are generally considered to be accurate and secure because biological signals are too complex and person-specific to be fabricated, and EMG signals, in particular, have been used as biological identification tokens due to their high dimension and non-linearity. We investigate the possibility of effectively attacking EMG-based identification models with biological adversarial input via a novel EMG signal individual style transformer based on a generative adversarial network. EMG hand gesture data from eighteen subjects and three well-recognized deep EMG classifiers were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed attack methods. The proposed methods achieved an average of 99.41% success rate on confusing identification models and an average of 91.51% success rate on manipulating identification models. These results demonstrate that EMG classifiers based on deep neural networks can be vulnerable to synthetic data attacks. The proof-of-concept results reveal that synthetic EMG biological signals must be considered in biological identification system design across a vast array of relevant biometric systems to ensure personal identification security for individuals and institutions.
Determination of oil composition of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) seeds under influence of organic fertilizer forms

Abstract This research was carried out to determine the effects of different organic fertilizer forms on important quality elements of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) seeds. The experiment was conducted according to the completely randomized blocks experimental design with three replications. In the experiment, palmitic acid (PALA), stearic acid (SA), and behenic acid (BA) from saturated fatty acids and palmitoleic acid (PLA), oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and linolenic acid (LNA) ratios from unsaturated fatty acids were investigated. Besides these, quality factor such as oleic acid/linoleic acid (O/L) ratio, which is one of the oil stability values and iodine value (IV), unsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (USFA/SFA) ratio, and oil ratio and oil yield were investigated. As a result of these applications, the values of crude oil yield 27.08–40.68 kg ha−1 and some important quality properties of crude oil ratios 0.75–1.09%, PLA 0.250–0.372%, OA 12.00–22.85%, LA 22.97–29.97%, LNA 19.37–26.01%, PALA 19.53–23.53%, SA 5.27–7.04%, BA 1.86–2.37%, O/L acid ratio 0.402–1.043%, IV 113.73–136.76, and USFA/SFA ratio 2.08–2.74 were obtained.
THE TIDAL FILAMENT OF NGC 4660

NGC 4660, in the Virgo cluster, is a well-studied elliptical galaxy which has a strong disk component (D/T approximately 0.2–0.3). The central regions, including the disk component, have stellar populations approximately 12–13 Gyr in age, based on SAURON studies. However, we report the discovery of a long, narrow tidal filament associated with the galaxy, as seen in deep co-added Schmidt plate images and deep CCD frames, implying that the galaxy has undergone a tidal interaction and merger within the last few Gyr. The relative narrowness of the filament implies a wet merger with at least one spiral galaxy involved, but the current state of the system shows little evidence of such. However, a two-component photometric fit using GALFIT shows much bluer colors for the disk component than for the elliptical component, which may represent a residual trace of enhanced star formation in the disk caused by the interaction 1–2 Gyr ago. There are brighter concentrations within the filament that resemble tidal dwarf galaxies, although they are at least 40 times fainter. These concentrations may represent faint, evolved versions of those galaxies. A previously detected stripped satellite galaxy south of the nucleus seen in our residual image may imply that the filament is a tidal stream produced by perigalactic passages of this satellite.
Random forest-based evidence fromChina

Funding information Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund (JPMEERF20S11816, JPMEERF20212003, and JPMEERF20223C02) of the ERCA, Japan, and KAKENHI JP22H03805 and JP20H00648, and MEXT JPJ010039, and the China Scholarship Council of theMinistry of Education (CSC) Abstract Material intensity coefficient (MIC) is vital for material stock accounting in the field of industrial ecology. However, the categorization ofMIC varies across regions especially for buildings that diverge greatly along the history and space aspect, and acquisition of MIC data and building information have always been a challenge in related studies. In this study, the state-of-art ensemble model “Random Forest” was developed on Chinese buildings to identify the impact of four building attributes (building structure, construction year, use type, and region) on MIC, and these features’ importance was further assessed by considering variable correlations. The features’ importance and their individual effects onMICwere intuitively revealedbydepicting thepartial dependence plots. Finally, a set of hierarchical MIC values was estimated by integrating the order of four variables’ importance and a quick MIC calculator was provided. Results showed that building structure is the most influential attribute for MIC, followed by the construction year, use type, and region, successively. The RF-based MIC values allow researchers to apply it to material stock and flow analysis by choosing a specific building feature(s) in the MIC calculator, which is (are) available in building physical inventory data. This study provides a method that could help researchers locate key influencing variables and give insights into the comparability of MIC research across regions and play an important role in developing urban mining and circular economy strategies.
Open Research Online Public assessment of new surveillance-oriented security technologies: beyond the trade-oﬀ between privacy and security

Although finding an effective response to security threats remains a contested issue, after 9/11 European governments have introduced new technologies as part of their security strategies. As these technologies are considered security enhancing but also privacy infringing, citizens are expected to trade part of their privacy in exchange for higher security. Whilst this forces citizens to consider security and privacy as exchangeable commodities, the trade-off obscures possible authoritarian implications of security technologies (STs). Drawing from the PRISE project data in Spain, this study tries to cast some light on how citizens actually assess security technologies. Qualitative data from focus groups are used to grasp citizens’ ways of reasoning, whilst the existence of a trade-off between privacy and security is tested through analysis of correlations based on survey data. The outcomes suggest that people do not assess STs in abstract terms but in relation to their specific institutional and social contexts. Second, from this embedded view-point, citizens either express concern about government’s real surveillance intentions and consider STs as essentially privacy infringing, or trust political institutions and endorse the adoption of STs to enhance their security. Neither group, however, faces a trade-off because concerned citizens see their privacy being infringed without having their security enhanced, whilst trusting citizens see their security being increased without their privacy being affected.
Distance Calculation Between a Point and a NURBS Surface

Abstract : In this paper, we consider the computation of an Euclidean shortest path between a point and a modelled curve or surface in three-dimensional space, which is one of the fundamental problems in robotics and many other areas. A new accurate algorithm for the distance-calculation between a point and a NURBS curve and its extension to the case of a point and a NURBS surface is presented. The algorithm consists of two steps, and is crucially based on appropriate projections and subdivision techniques. To solve a nonlinear polynomial system derived from the classical formulation of the distance problem, the well-known Newton-type algorithms or subdivision-based techniques first considered by Sherbrooke and Patrikalakis are used. Their modifications in conjunction with a low subdivision depth in the presented algorithms yield a verified enclosure of the solution.
Positive Psychology Online Training Based on Islamic Value to Improve Student Resilience

University students are vulnerable to psychological problems, including Muslim university students. One of the reasons is the low resilience level. Therefore, an intervention is needed to develop the resilience of Muslim students so that it is expected to face difficulties and at the same time encourage self-development to protect students from psychological problems. The intervention will be better if it is adjusted to the values held by students, one of which is religious values. However, psychological interventions based on religious values to increase student resilience have not been developed much. This study aims to examine the effect of Islamic-based positive psychology online training on the improvement of university students’ resilience. The training modules were prepared based on the positive psychology intervention techniques and integrated with Islamic values. The training consists of six sessions and was delivered via Zoom meeting. This study employed a quasi-experiment with a one-group design pretest-posttest. The target participants of this study were Muslims’ students of the Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Participants who took part in this study received information that was announced through several social medias. The study participants were 10 Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta students. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was used to measure the resilience in Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta’s students. The data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and the results showed the scores of p = 0.005 (p < 0.05). This result showed that online positive psychological training with Islamic values improves the university students’ resilience. Online positive psychology training based on Islamic can be used for promotive programs to improve Muslim students' mental health in Indonesia.
A preliminary study into impression management practices in chairman’s statements in South African annual reports: An attribution theory perspective

His research area extends to the creation of value added knowledge that fosters integrated thinking in both the accountancy profession as well as its stakeholders. is a visiting academic in the School of Accountancy Johannesburg. Her research interests has a focus on improving the usefulness of annual integrated reports to relevant stakeholders. Professor is the of the the Johannesburg. Her research is cross-disciplinary with a unique focus on ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a systematic difference in the textual characteristics of information in the chairman’s statement of profitable and unprofitable companies on the JSE main board. The study replicated research by Clatworthy and Jones (2006) to determine the existence of impression management within chairman’s statements. The difference in reporting between profitable and unprofitable companies was analysed in relation to three pre-determined textual characteristics using an attribution theory perspective. The primary conclusion drawn is that impression management does exist in the chairman’s statements of companies listed on the JSE main board. Another finding of the study was that ‘extremely unprofitable’ companies are less likely to employ impression management. The findings indicate that users of annual reports should be alert to the existence of reporting bias introduced by management and its impact on the usefulness of management commentary in their decision-making. relation to total number of sentences in the chairman’s statement. The chairman’s statement contains on average, 16.30% passive sentences. Profitable companies were found to use on average 15.38% passive sentences in their chairman’s statements and unprofitable companies were found to use on average 17.74% passive sentences in their chairman’s statements.
The causal relationship between coefficient of elasticity of trading and market return in an African emerging market Elasticity of trading in an African market

Purpose – The study aims to examine the appropriateness of the coefficient of elasticity of trading (CET) as a measure of liquidity using Nigerian stock market data. Given that liquidity is multidimensional, the CET is complemented with the popular measure of liquidity, turnover ratio to explore the causal relationship among theCET,turnoverratioandmarketreturntodeterminetheirrelevanceinsecurityvaluation.Inotherwords,anattemptismadetoexamineifeitherofthesetwomeasuresofliquidityisarelevantfactorinexplainingstockmarketreturn. Design/methodology/approach – The Toda-Yamamoto version of Granger causality test is applied to two sets of data on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). The available monthly time series data are from 2008 to 2019 while the annual data are from 1986 to 2018. The Toda-Yamamoto test is preferred because it is more robust to integration and cointegration of the variables. Findings – TheresultsoftheToda-YamamotoversionoftheGrangercausalitytestonmonthlydatarevealno causal relationship between CET and market return, turnover and market return and CET with turnover and market return. These results are consistent with those for several frontier countries reported by Rubio et al. (2005), Hartian and Sitorus (2015), Batten and Vo (2019) and Sterenczak et al. (2020). The results support the conclusion that the Nigerian economy is not fully integrated with the global economy. Market inefficiency due to order imbalances given the nature of the trading system can also explain the reported results. However, the results from annual data do not tally with the monthly results. There is causality running from CET to market return. There is also causality running from turnover to market return. Therefore, both CET and turnover are statistically significant causal predictors of market return. The results from annual data are consistent with those reported by Marozva (2019). of high-frequency transaction-level consider many of liquidity in developed countries. The research implication is that more researchers will be encouraged to conduct more studies on liquidity and how the study results can drive policy recommendations. The standard asymptotic distribution of underlying the Toda-Yamamoto approach has been found to lead to overrejection. Originality/value – This study is the first to apply Toda-Yamamoto model on data from Nigeria to investigate the causal relationship between stock market return and liquidity proxied by the CET given the natureoftheautomatedtradingsystem(ATS)inuse.TheCETisalsocomplementedwiththe turnoverratioto explore the multidimensional nature of liquidity and its causal relationship with market return. The study is also interpreted as a determination of the integration of Nigeria ’ s economy with the global economy with its implication on investment diversification.
Open Research Online Mitigating radiation-induced charge transfer ineﬃciency in full-frame CCD applications by ‘pumping’ traps

The charge transfer efficiency of a CCD is based on the average level of signal lost per pixel over a number of transfers. This value can be used to directly compare the relative performances of different structures, increases in radiation damage or to quantify improvements in operating parameters. This number does not however give sufficient detail to mitigate for the actual signal loss/deference in either of the transfer directions that may be critical to measuring shapes to high accuracy, such as those required in astronomy applications (e.g. for Gaia’s astrometry or the galaxy distortion measurements for Euclid) based in the radiation environment of space. Pocket-pumping is an established technique for finding the location and activation levels of traps; however, a number of parameters in the process can also be explored to identify the trap species and location to sub-pixel accuracy. This information can be used in two ways to increase the sensitivity of a camera. Firstly, the clocking process can be optimised for the time constant of the majority of traps in each of the transfer directions, reducing deferred charge during read out. Secondly, a correction algorithm can be developed and employed during the post-processing of individual frames to move most of any deferred signal back into the charge packet it originated from. Here we present the trap-pumping techniques used to optimise the charge transfer efficiency of p- and n-channel e2v CCD204s and describe the use of trap-pumped images for on-orbit calibration and ground based image correction algorithms.
Second order hydrodynamic coefficients from kinetic theory

In a relativistic setting, hydrodynamic calculations which include shear viscosity (which is first order in an expansion in gradients of the flow velocity) are unstable and acausal unless they also include terms to second order in gradients. To date such terms have only been computed in supersymmetric N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory at infinite coupling. Here we compute these second-order hydrodynamic coefficients in weakly coupled QCD, perturbatively to leading order in the QCD coupling, using kinetic theory. We also compute them in QED and scalar {lambda}{phi}{sup 4} theory.
1 Dissecting the co-transcriptome landscape of 2 plants and microbiota members 3

5 1 Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and 6 Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. 7 2 The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Huazhong 8 Agricultural University, Wuhan, China 9 3 Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant 10 Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne-Weg 10, Cologne 50829, Germany. 11 4 Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. 12 5 Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. 13 *Corresponding author. Email: tsuda@mail.hzau. edu.cn
The Collapse Behaviour of Double-Layer Space Trusses Incorporating Eccentrically Loaded Tee-Section Members

This report describes studies on the behaviour of steel compression tee-section members used in double-layer space trusses. The studies are supported by a detailed literature survey of more than one hundred references drawn from research material published over the past two centuries. The studies bring together formulae that have been developed over the years to predict the strength of column members. Special attention has been given to the effects of eccentricity of loading. A design approach has been , suggested for predicting the pre-buckling and post-buckling behaviour of tee-section columns. The influence of initial geometrical imperfections and torsional effects has also been investigated. It has then been suggested that the smooth behaviour exhibited by the eccentric compression members can be exploited to give ductile failure " characteristics to space trusses. A non-linear analysis FORTRAN 77 computer program has been developed to investigate the theoretical collapse behaviour of double-layer space trusses. A series of laboratory tests on tee-section members and space truss models have been carried out to verify the theoretical results. The experiments on the models involve the conception and manufacture of joint connections capable of subjecting the top-layer chord tee-section members to measurable end-eccentricities in their plane of symmetry.