Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PEGylated Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Jintrolong® Exhibits Good Long-Term Safety in Cynomolgus Monkeys and Human Pediatric Growth Hormone Deficiency Patients

Jintrolong® is a long-acting PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone (PEG-rhGH) developed for weekly injection in patients with pediatric growth hormone deficiency (PGHD). Although PEG modification of therapeutic proteins is generally considered safe, concerns persist about the potential for adverse vacuolation in tissues with long-term exposure to PEG-included therapies, particularly in children. We assessed the safety of Jintrolong® in cynomolgus monkeys with an examination of vacuolation in the brain choroid plexus (CP) and reported long-term clinical safety data obtained from children with PGHD. The toxicity of Jintrolong® was assessed following the 52-week administration with doses at 0.3, 1, or 3 mg/kg/week. The levels of vacuolation of CP in animals were dose-dependent and at least partially reversible after a 104- or 157-week recovery period. Vacuolation in the CP epithelium did not lead to obvious subcellular structural or cell functional abnormalities. Compared with the clinical dose of 0.2 mg/kg/week Jintrolong® in PGHD patients, exposure in monkeys under NOAEL 3 mg/kg/week exhibited safety margins greater than 120.5, the predicted minimum dose to induce vacuolation in monkeys is equivalent to 1.29 mg/kg/week in humans, which is 6.45-fold higher than the clinical dose. The safety data acquired in clinical trials for Jintrolong® were also analyzed, which included phase III (360 patients), phase IV (3,000 patients) of 26-week treatment, and a follow-up study with treatment lasting for 3 years. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the Jintrolong® group and the daily rhGH control group (no PEG), and no new adverse effects (AE) were observed in the Jintrolong® group at the clinical therapeutic dose of 0.2 mg/kg/week.
Pengembangan Pipa Organa Menggunakan Aplikasi Physics Toolbox Suite untuk Menentukan Cepat Rambat Bunyi di Udara sebagai Media Pembelajaran pada Materi Gelombang Bunyi

Abstrak Kegiatan eksperimen dapat membantu siswa dalam memahami konsep-konsep yang terkait dengan pembelajaran. Berdasarkan fakta yang terdapat di SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Surabaya, khususnya pada pembelajaran fisika bab gelombang bunyi, kegiatan eksperimen belum pernah dilakukan. Tujuan utama dari pengembangan ini yaitu terciptanya KIT percobaan pipa organa yang layak ditinjau dari akurasi dan presisi cepat rambat bunyi yang diperoleh. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode pengembangan ADDIE. Pada tahap analisis, melakukan analisis permasalahan siswa pada materi gelombang bunyi melalui kegiatan pra-penelitian, kemudian tahap desain yaitu membuat rancangan pipa organa yang akan dikembangkan, selanjutnya tahap pengembangan yaitu membuat alat yang telah didesain, tahap selanjutnya yaitu implementasi, dengan melakukan uji coba eksperimen dari alat yang dikembangkan, kemudian tahap evaluasi yaitu melakukan pengecekan kelayakan dari alat yang dikembangkan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam pengembangan ini yaitu teknik analisis statistik deskriptif. Alat yang dikembangkan memiliki tingkat kevalidan rata-rata 87,5% dengan kategori sangat layak. Pada pipa organa terbuka diperoleh nilai cepat rambat bunyi di udara sebesar (322,6±5,376) m/s dengan presisi sebesar 98,4% dan akurasi sebesar 94,89%. Sedangkan pada pipa organa tertutup, nilai cepat rambat bunyi di udara yang diperoleh sebesar (335,4±8,133) m/s dengan presisi 97,6% dan akurasi sebesar 98,65%. Dari hasil tersebut, alat eksperimen yang dikembangkan layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran. Kata kunci: cepat rambat, pipa organa, akurasi, presisi Abstract Experiment activities could help the student in understanding lesson related concepts. Based on fact that there is no experiment activity especially for physics in sound wave matter in SMA Muhamadiyah 4 Surabaya, the main aim of this research is to develop proper organ pipe experiment kit reviewed by its accuracy and precision of propagation speed of sound. ADDIE development Method used in this research. In the Analysis step, students problems in sound wave matter analyzed in pre-research activity, then in the development step designed instrument produced. In the next step, implementation, the developed instrument tested. Then, in the Evaluation step, the developed instrument appropriateness examined. The analysis technique in the research is a descriptive statistical analysis technique. The developed instrument has 87,5% average validity value, categorized very proper. Open organ pipe obtains propagation speed of sound in air (322,6)m/s with 94,89% precision and 94,89% accuracy. While closed organ pipe obtains (335,4)m/s propagation speed of sound in air with 97,6% precision and 98,65% accuracy. Based on the result, the developed experiment kit proper to be used as learning media. Keywords: speed propagation, organ pipe, accuracy, precision.
The profile of people with Type 1 Diabetes considering their history of breast feeding

Resumen Es un estudio que tuvo como objetivo describir el perfil de los usuarios del Servicio de Control de Hipertensión, Diabetes y Obesidad y discutir la relación entre la historia de amamantamiento materno del niño o del adolescente portador de diabetes tipo 1 y el desenvolvimiento de esta enfermedad. La colecta de los datos fue realizada por medio de un cuestionario estructurado, aplicado en los padres o responsables de estos niños, durante el 2o semestre de 2007. Los datos fueron analizados en un abordaje cuantitativo en que se utilizó la estadística descriptiva. Como resultados fueron presentados datos referentes a la caracterización de la muestra, ocurrencia de la interrupción del amamantamiento precoz, período de amamantamiento materno exclusivo, dieta ofrecida después de la interrupción del amamantamiento y otros. En la conclusión es presentada la significativa relación entre la interrupción del amamantamiento precoz, con la consecuente introducción de substitutos de la leche materna y el desenvolvimiento de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1. Palabras clave: Enfermería. Diabetes Mellitus. Lactancia Materna. 1Enfermeira e pesquisadora Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde Materno Infantil e Saúde Coletiva na Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora-MG. Brasil. E-mail: lealdalila@hotmail.com,2 Acadêmica da Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora-MG. Brasil. E-mail: flavinhafialho@bol.com. br,3 Professora e Pesquisadora do Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde Materno Infantil e Saúde Coletiva da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora-MG. Brasil. E-mail: vargasdias@hotmail.com,4 Enfermeira e Pesquisadora Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde Materno Infantil e Saúde Coletiva na Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora-MG. Brasil. E-mail: lilian_sarhdeg@clic21.com. br,5 Enfermeira e Pesquisadora Núcleo de Pesquisa em Saúde Materno Infantil e Saúde Coletiva na Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Juiz de ForaMG. Brasil. E-mail: wivianarruda@bol.com. br PESQUIS RESEARCH INVESTIGACIÓN This study had as objective, describe the profile of the users of the Hypertension, Diabetes and Obesity Control Service and discuss the relationship between the history of breastfeeding of child or teenager who have diabetes type 1 and development of this pathology. The collection of data was realized by a structured questionnaire, applied to parents or responsible for children or teenagers who have diabetes mellitus type 1, during the second semester of 2007. The data were analyzed in a quantitative approach that was based on a descriptive statistic. As a result it was presented the data referring to sample characterization, occurrence of early weaning, period of exclusive breastfeeding, post-weaning diet, and others. In the conclusion, it is evidenced the importance of a relationship between early weaning, with the consequent introduction of breast milk substitutes, and the development of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1.
Catalytic N-methyl amidation of carboxylic acids under cooperative conditions

Amide is a fundamental group that is present in molecular structures of all domains of organic chemistry and the construction of this motif with high atom economy is the focus of the current research. Specifically, N-methyl amides are valuable building blocks in natural products and pharmaceutical science. Due to the volatile nature of methyl amine, the generation of N-methyl amides using simple acids with high atom economy is rare. Herein, we disclose an atom economic protocol to prepare this valuable motif under DABCO/Fe3O4 cooperative catalysis. This protocol is operationally simple and compatible with a range of aliphatic and (hetero)aromatic acids with very good yields (60–99%). Moreover, the Fe3O4 can be easily recovered and high efficiency is maintained for up to ten cycles.
Crowdfunding jako metoda finansowania podcastów – analiza motywacji patronów wspierających „Raport o stanie świata”

„Raport o stanie świata” to popularny, autorski podcast o charakterze informacyjno-publicystycznym dotyczący istotnych wydarzeń międzynarodowych wpisanych w przestrzeń społeczną, polityczną i gospodarczą. Finansowany jest przez tak zwanych patronów za pośrednictwem serwisu Patronite. W roku 2020 jego autor Dariusz Rosiak otrzymał tytuł Dziennikarza Roku w konkursie Grand Press. Celem badań było poznanie motywacji patronów podcastu. W badaniach ankietowych przeprowadzonych za pośrednictwem zamkniętej grupy facebookowej, skupiającej patronów finansujących „Raport o stanie świata”, udział wzięło 80 respondentów. Odbyły się one między 10 a 21 maja 2021 roku. Do skonstruowania i dystrybucji ankiety wykorzystano platformę Google Forms. Zrealizowano także cztery wstępnie ustrukturyzowane wywiady z patronami podcastu w celu zebrania danych o charakterze jakościowym. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych badań, aż 92,5% patronów zamierza dalej opłacać funkcjonowanie podcastu. Większość wskazała jako powód finansowego wsparcia jakość programu, osobowość prowadzących, zainteresowanie tematyką i chęć pomocy dziennikarzom. Badani zazwyczaj wyrażali pochlebne opinie na temat współpracy w grupie patronów. Jednym z niewielu mankamentów tej współpracy, wymienianym przez rozmówców, jest małe zaangażowanie moderatorów grupy facebookowej dedykowanej patronom. Crowdfunding as a method of financing podcasting – the analysis of the motivations of supporters of „Raport o stanie świata” „Raport o stanie świata” is a popular podcast of an informative and journalistic nature, dealing with important international social, political and economic subject matters. It is financed by the so-called patrons via the service Patronite. The author Dariusz Rosiak was awarded the title of the Journalist of the Year in the Polish Grand Press competition in 2020. The aim of the research was to get to know the motivations of the podcast patrons. 80 respondents took part in the conducted survey by the usage of a closed Facebook group gathering subscribers financing „Raport o stanie świata”. The research was carried out from May 10 to May 21, 2021. The Google Forms platform was used to construct and distribute the survey. Four semi-structured interviews with podcast supporters were also organised in order to collect qualitative data. According to the survey results most of the subscribers indicate the quality of the programme, personality of the hosts, interest in the topic and willingness to help journalists as the reasons for financial support. The majority of the participants expressed flattering comments on cooperation in the group of supporters. However, some people noticed the problem of low involvement of the Facebook group moderators.
HYPERTENSION IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: Drug Therapy for Hypertension in Hemodialysis Patients

The majority of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are hypertensive. Drug therapy for hypertension in hemodialysis (HD) patients includes all classes of antihypertensive drugs, with the sole exception of diuretics. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers may decrease morbidity and mortality by reducing the mean arterial pressure (MAP), aortic pulse wave velocity, and aortic systolic pressure augmentation, as well as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and probably reduction of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and oxidant stress. Potential risk factors include hyperkalemia, anaphylactoid reaction with AN69 membranes (particularly ACE inhibitors), and aggravation of renal anemia. β‐blockers decrease not only mortality, blood pressure (BP), and ventricular arrhythmias, but also improve left ventricular function in ESRD patients. Nonselective β‐blockers can cause an increase in serum potassium (particularly during fasting or exercise). Lisinopril and atenolol have a predominant renal excretion and therefore a prolonged half life in ESRD patients. Thus thrice‐weekly supervised administration of these drugs after HD can enhance BP control. The use of calcium channel blockers is also associated with lower total and cardiovascular‐specific mortality in HD patients. Minoxidil is a very potent vasodilator that is generally reserved for dialysis patients with severe hypertension. Hypertensive dialysis patients who are noncompliant with their medications may benefit from transdermal clonidine therapy once a week. The majority of dialysis patients need a combination of several antihypertensive drugs for adequate BP control.
Design of a Single-Phase BLDC Motor for a Cordless Vacuum Cleaner Considering the Efficiency of Airflow

This paper discusses an inverter-driven single-phase brushless direct-current (BLDC) motor assembled by a housing for a cordless vacuum cleaner. Air gap in the single-phase BLDC motor is asymmetrically designed to satisfy starting and continuous torque by considering voltage fluctuation in a battery. By varying both advance and conduction angles in response to the change of battery voltage, the proposed single-phase BLDC motor with asymmetric air gap is able to maintain sufficient output power. The system efficiency of a vacuum cleaner driven by the proposed motor assembly is estimated by means of fluid dynamics in air watt, and it is also verified experimentally. From the results of the condition of 100,020 r/min, it was confirmed that the motor efficiency was in good agreement with the estimated efficiency, and air flow efficiency of 45.7% and system efficiency of 41.8% were achieved.
Alternative Propulsion Plants for Modern LNG Carriers

Abstract This paper shows the latest evolution trends of propulsion plants of modern LNG tankers. Features of conventional and advanced steam plants were confronted with propulsion plants such as Dual Fuel – Diesel electric and plants equipped with slow speed two stroke diesel engines. Propulsion plants were compared in terms of plant efficiency, reliability and environmental. The shipyard’s order book and the active fleet of LNG carriers with a capacity above 65000 m3 were analyzed.
Trade policies and fiscal devaluations

Fiscal devaluations—an increase in import tariffs and export subsidies (IX) or an increase in value-added taxes and payroll subsidies (VP)—have been shown to provide as much stimulus under fixed exchange rates as a currency devaluation. We find that if agents expect policies to be reversed and the tax pass-through is large, VP is contractionary and IX provides a modest boost. In our medium-scale DSGE model, both features are crucial in accounting for Germany’s underperformance in response to VP in 2007. These findings cast doubt on fiscal devaluations as a cyclical stabilization tool when monetary policy is constrained.
Optimal microstructure and mechanical properties of open-cell porous titanium structures produced by selective laser melting

Three-dimensional printing technology enables the production of open cell porous structures. This has advantages but not only in terms of weight reduction. In implant structures, the process of osseointegration is improved, mechanical integration is better, the open cell porous structures resemble a trabecular structure that mimics bone tissue. In this work, we investigated titanium structures made porous by cutting spheres. Based on the patterns of different types of crystal models we created porosity with different strategies. We have shown that there are significant differences in mechanical properties between the porous structures formed with different strategies. We determined the structure that loses the least load-bearing capacity compared to the solid structure, with the same porosity levels and mechanical stresses. We characterized the possibility location and environment of becoming an open cell structure. We performed the calculations with mechanical simulations, which were validated experimentally. The quality of the three-dimensional printing of samples was checked by computed tomography reconstruction analysis.
Reference gene selection for quantitative PCR in liver, skeletal muscle, and jejunum of Bos indicus cattle

- The objective of the present study was to evaluate the stability of candidate reference genes and select the genes that can be used for normalizing real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the liver, skeletal muscle, and jejunum tissues of Nellore or Nellore × Angus steers fed different diets. Fourteen purebred and 14 crossbred steers were used, in which half of the animals of each genetic group received a diet containing whole shelled corn (WSC) and the other half whole shelled corn and sugarcane bagasse (WSCB). Stability was analyzed by the RefFinder program. To validate the selection of candidate reference genes, the expression of target genes was evaluated using the different groups of reference genes. The most stable genes were 18S , ACTB , and CASC3 for skeletal muscle; HMBS , ACTB , and 18S for the liver; and GAPDH , ACTB , and CASC3 for the jejunum, regardless of breed and diet provided. Possible errors caused in data analyses were clarified comparing the more and less stable genes as reference for normalization of the target genes FASN , ACOX , SCD1 , MGAM , and SLC2A1 . The use of the more stable and less stable sets of reference genes may lead to different conclusions in respect to the expression profile of the target studied gene. The selection of more suitable reference genes for each experiment is of utmost importance to ensure the reliability of gene expression studies so that they can be applied in practice.
Uniqueness for a high order ill posed problem

In this work, we study a high order derivative in time problem. First, we show that there exists a sequence of elements of the spectrum which tends to infinity and therefore, it is ill posed. Then, we prove the uniqueness of solutions for this problem by adapting the logarithmic arguments to this situation. Finally, the results are applied to the backward in time problem for the generalized linear Burgers’ fluid, a couple of heat conduction problems and a viscoelastic model.
Medical Error and Under-Reporting Causes from the Viewpoints of Nursing Managers: A Qualitative Study

Background: Patient safety as a goal can be achieved by reporting medical errors (ME); however, most errors are never reported. The aim of this study is to explore the causes of ME, and the obstacles in reporting them amongst nurses. Methods: We conducted semi-structural interviews, with 12 nursing managers in the biggest teaching hospital in southern Iran (2015-2016). The interview guide concentrated on the causes of ME and barriers in reporting them. All face-to-face interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: In this study 4 main themes were extracted for the causes of ME: personal/social characteristics, nonprofessional practice, hospital related factors/organization contextual factors, and poor management. Also, 5 main themes (such as; personal characteristics, fear from reporting, nonprofessional practices, cultural and social factors, and error surveillance system features) were obtained with regards to barriers in reporting. Conclusions: ME can be reduced by improving professional practice and better human resource management. Also, reporting errors can be increased by focusing on cultural and social factors.
The Coronary Angiography-Derived Index of Microcirculatory Resistance Predicts Left Ventricular Performance Recovery in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Objectives The present study is designed to investigate the impact of coronary angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance (caIMR) on left ventricular performance recovery. Background IMR has been established as a gold standard for coronary microvascular assessment and a predictor of left ventricular recovery after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). CaIMR is a novel and accurate alternative of IMR. Methods The present study retrospectively included 80 patients with STEMI who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We offline performed the post-PCI caIMR analysis of the culprit vessel. Echocardiography was performed within the first 24 hours and at 3 months after the index procedure. Left ventricular recovery was defined as the change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) more than zero. Results The mean age of the patients was 58.0 years with 80.0% male. The average post-PCI caIMR was 43.2. Overall left ventricular recovery was seen in 41 patients. Post-PCI caIMR (OR: 0.948, 95% CI: 0.916–0.981, p = 0.002), left anterior descending as the culprit vessel (OR: 3.605, 95% CI: 1.23–10.567, p = 0.019), and male (OR: 0.254, 95% CI: 0.066–0.979, p = 0.047) were independent predictors of left ventricular recovery at 3 months follow-up. A predictive model was established with the best cutoff value for the prediction of left ventricular recovery 2.33 (sensitivity 0.610, specificity 0.897, and area under the curve 0.765). In patients with a predictive model score less than 2.33, the LVEF increased significantly at 3 months. Conclusions The post-PCI caIMR can accurately predict left ventricular functional recovery at 3 months follow-up in patients with STEMI treated by primary PCI, supporting its use in clinical practice.
An Event‐Based Approach to Psychological Contracts: The Importance of Examining Everyday Broken and Fulfilled Promises as Discrete Events

Summary Psychological contract research has typically focused on employees' perceptions of whether the organization has generally fulfilled or broken its promises/obligations. However, employees can experience broken and fulfilled promises as discrete events on an everyday basis, which may have immediate implications for employees and also influence their generalized psychological contract. Integrating attribution and appraisal theories of emotions, we argue that discrete psychological contract events (i.e., specific instances of a broken or a fulfilled promise) can initiate attribution and appraisal processes that can guide employees' emotional and behavioral responses. Moreover, experiencing a broken versus a fulfilled promise can have distinct implications for employees' outcomes as well as their generalized perceptions of psychological contract fulfillment. Our hypotheses are generally supported using a daily diary study with event sampling. Theoretical contributions include the importance of (a) examining the attribution and appraisal processes underlying everyday discrete psychological contract events, (b) acknowledging distinctions between broken versus fulfilled promises, and (c) understanding how everyday broken/fulfilled promises can influence generalized perceptions of psychological contract fulfillment. Practical contributions include the importance of effectively managing broken and fulfilled promises on an everyday basis and ensuring that employees perceive that the organization does not break and also fulfills its promises.