Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determining stem biomass of Pinus massoniana L. through variations in basic density

Basic density is a key variable with which to express wood properties, but little attention has been paid to basic density traits in determining stem biomass. A total of 108 Pinus massoniana L. trees were selected from six sites in Hunan Province, China. Cross-sectional discs were cut for analysis using the stem analysis method. Results showed that the highest average basic density per stem for the six sites was 509.1 kg m 23 and the lowest 448.9 kg m 23 . Basic density was significantly different (P , 0.05) among the sites. A significant effect of tree age on wood density was confirmed. Furthermore, the linear-mixed model was used to predict stem biomass. The allometric equation incorporating basic density at 10% of tree height (Model 4) was compared with the equation using only diameter at breast height and tree height as independent variables. The mean stem biomass predicted by Model 4 (16.5 kg tree 21 ) was not significantly different from the observed value (15.8 kg tree 21 ). The results indicated that incorporating basic density as part of the independent variables could improve model fitness.
Efficient Miss Ratio Curve Computation for Heterogeneous Content Popularity

The Miss Ratio Curve (MRC) represents a fundamental tool for cache performance profiling. Approximate methods based on sampling provide a low-complexity solution for MRC construction. Nevertheless, in this paper we show that, in case of content with a large variance in popularity, the approximate MRC may be highly sensitive to the set of sampled content. We study in detail the impact of content popularity heterogeneity on the accuracy of the approximate MRC. We observe that few, highly popular, items may cause large error at the head of the reconstructed MRC. From these observations, we design a new approach for building an approximate MRC, where we combine an exact portion of the MRC with an approximate one built from samples. Results for different real-world traces show that our algorithm computes MRC with an error up to 10 times smaller than state-of-the-art methods based on sampling, with similar computational and space overhead.
P limitation of heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton in the northwest Mediterranean

Surface‐water microbial populations were investigated in the northwest Mediterranean for possible indicators of phosphate deficiency and limitation. Low phosphorus availability was suggested by short turnover time (min. observed 0.68 h), high‐alkaline phosphatase activity (Vmax = 28 nM hydrolyzed h−1), subsaturation of phosphate uptake (2.6–9% of Vmax), and high‐pulse uptake capacity of added orthophosphate. Based on high pulse uptake capacity and subsaturated uptake in both the >1‐µm and in the 0.2–1‐µm size fractions, P deficiency is suggested for both phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria. P limitation of heterotrophic bacteria was also supported by fast positive responses after phosphate addition in both thymidine incorporation in whole‐water samples and increased bacterial cell numbers in predator‐free water. No effects were found after addition of carbon or nitrogen sources alone. Combined with other published evidence, we suggest that the growth rates of not only phytoplankton, but also of heterotrophic bacteria, are P limited in this environment in summer. The finding has important implications for the dynamics of accumulation of dissolved organic carbon in the photic zone and thus for the carbon cycle of oceans.
DiGeorge syndrome (Chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome): A historical perspective with review of 66 patients

Amac: Dogumsal kalp hastaliklari insanlarda en sik gorulen konjenital anomalilerdir. Kalbin cikis yolu anomalileri olan konotrunkal kalp hastaliklari ve aort arki anomalileri genellikle dismorfik sendromlara eslik eder. 22q11.2 delesyon sendromu bu klinik durumun tipik orneklerindendir. Bu calisma konotrunkal kalp anomalileri ve 22q11. 2 delesyon sendromunun diger klinik bulgularinin eslik ettigi dogumsal kalp hastaliklarinda 22q11.2 delesyon sikligini arastirmak amaciyla planlanmistir. Yontem: Yaslari 4 gun ile 16.6 yas arasinda degisen 56 konotrunkal kalp anomalili, 10 yapisal kalp anomalisi ile sendromun diger klinik bulgularinin eslik ettigi 66 hasta calismaya katildi. Tum hastalara karyotip analizi uygulandi, Floresan in situ hibridizasyon yontemiyle delesyon tarandi. Pozitif saptanan hastalar icin klinik izlem protokolu olusturuldu. Bulgular: Hastalarin %7.6 (n=5) delesyon saptandi. Dordu konotrunkal kalp anomalileri grubundandi. Tum hastalarda kalp anomalisine ek olarak sendromun diger klinik bulgularindan en az biri mevcuttu. Fasiyal dismorfizm ve gelisme geriligi en sik saptanan klinik sorunlardi. Kognitif yetersizlik, beslenme sorunlari, hipokalsemi, psikiyatrik sorunlar, bagisiklik sisteminde degisiklikler saptanan diger klinik bulgulardi. Ebeveyn degerlendirmesi sonucunda bir annede de delesyon pozitifligi saptandi. Sonuc: Tum secilmis konotrunkal kalp anomalisi olan olgularda ve sendromun diger anomalilerinin saptandigi kalp anomalili olgularda 22q11.2 delesyonun taranmasi gerektigi dusunulmektedir. Delesyon pozitifligi bulunan tum olgular diger anomaliler acisindan da degerlendirlmeli ve genetik danisma saglanmalidir.
Family and Patient Psychoeducation for Severe Mental Disorder in Iran: A Review

Objective: There are evidence-based practices in the field of family and patient psychoeducation for patients suffering from severe mental disorders. However, given the variation in resources and cultural contexts, implementation of these services, especially in low and middle-income countries is faced with challenges. This study aimed to review articles on family and patient psychoeducation of severe mental disorders in Iran and to find the characteristics of the main components necessary for the implementation of such practices in clinical settings. Method : All published studies on family and patient psychoeducation for severe mental disorders (schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and bipolar disorder) conducted in Iran were searched up to May 2018; and key features and findings of each study were extracted and presented. Results: Forty-eight studies were included in this review, of which 27 were randomized controlled trials, and 20 were quasi-experimental. One study was an implementation and service development report. The main findings of these studies were a significant decrease in relapse rate and/or rehospitalization rate and a significant decrease of burden and distress of families. Conclusion: Despite a wide diversity in approaches, this review showed that different psychosocial interventions in which psychoeducation is one of their core and main components have promising results, demonstrating the significance of this intervention in Iranian mental health research. In our opinion, based on evidence, even with limited resources, it is no longer acceptable to deprioritize some forms of psychoeducation for patients and their families in clinical settings.
LiDAR-Based GNSS Denied Localization for Autonomous Racing Cars

Self driving vehicles promise to bring one of the greatest technological and social revolutions of the next decade for their potential to drastically change human mobility and goods transportation, in particular regarding efficiency and safety. Autonomous racing provides very similar technological issues while allowing for more extreme conditions in a safe human environment. While the software stack driving the racing car consists of several modules, in this paper we focus on the localization problem, which provides as output the estimated pose of the vehicle needed by the planning and control modules. When driving near the friction limits, localization accuracy is critical as small errors can induce large errors in control due to the nonlinearities of the vehicle’s dynamic model. In this paper, we present a localization architecture for a racing car that does not rely on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). It consists of two multi-rate Extended Kalman Filters and an extension of a state-of-the-art laser-based Monte Carlo localization approach that exploits some a priori knowledge of the environment and context. We first compare the proposed method with a solution based on a widely employed state-of-the-art implementation, outlining its strengths and limitations within our experimental scenario. The architecture is then tested both in simulation and experimentally on a full-scale autonomous electric racing car during an event of Roborace Season Alpha. The results show its robustness in avoiding the robot kidnapping problem typical of particle filters localization methods, while providing a smooth and high rate pose estimate. The pose error distribution depends on the car velocity, and spans on average from 0.1 m (at 60 km/h) to 1.48 m (at 200 km/h) laterally and from 1.9 m (at 100 km/h) to 4.92 m (at 200 km/h) longitudinally.
Ecology and non-chemical control of Rumex crispus and R. obtusifolius (Polygonaceae): a review

Summary Rumex crispus and R. obtusifolius are among the most important perennial weeds in agriculture throughout the world. This literature survey revealed that the majority of studies on Rumex ecology, which were conducted under field conditions are of a descriptive nature, while experimental studies mainly report data derived under laboratory or greenhouse conditions. Areas on Rumex ecology which deserve more research include: historical development of Rumex infestations, field studies on seed and root ecology, population ecology, Rumex longevity, and impacts of global climate change on the performance of these species. Although biological, mechanical and cultural control methods were often effective in controlling Rumex populations, they were rarely successful enough to eradicate the weeds. As both species are considered to be indicators of agricultural mismanagement, there is a definite need for well-replicated, full-factorial, long-term field experiments to assess the role of management factors most often stated to be responsible for Rumex infestation and distribution (e.g. high soil N and K levels, slurry and farmyard manure application, sward disturbance, cutting frequency, grazing management, ploughing, soil compaction). It is recommended that future research on non-chemical Rumex control should focus more on the efficacy of combined applications of biological, mechanical and cultural control methods.
Characterization of novel Brazilian Bacillus thuringiensis strains active against Spodoptera frugiperda and other insect pests

Brazilian strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, namely S701, S764 and S1265 were analysed regarding their cry gene and protein contents, crystal type, and activity against larvae of the lepidopteran fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith), the velvet caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis), the dipterans (Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti) and the coleopteran (Tenebrio molitor). The LC50 of the strains against second instar larvae of S. frugiperda or A. gemmatalis revealed a high potency against those insect species. The spore–crystal mixtures of the isolates were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and showed similar protein pattern as the B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD‐1 (proteins approximately 130 and 65 kDa) for isolates S701 and S764, respectively, and only one major protein of approximately 130 kDa for isolate S1265. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using total DNA of the isolates and general and specific primers showed the presence of cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1Ia and cry2Ab genes in the two isolates serotyped as B. thuringiensis kurstaki (S701 and S764) and the presence of cry1D and cry2Ad in B. thuringiensis morrisoni S1265 strain. Scanning electron microscopy of strains S701 and S764, showed the presence of bipyramidal, cuboidal and round crystals, like in strain HD‐1 and bipyramidal and round crystals like in strain S1265.
Fertilisation and weed control effects on yield and weeds in durum wheat grown under rain-fed conditions in a Mediterranean climate

Summary A field study was undertaken to examine the effect of fertiliser type and weed control system on grain yield, yield components and weed population in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum. var. durum) grown in a 4-year rotation [bare fallow–barley (Hordeum vulgare)–vetch (Vicia sativa)–wheat]. Fertilisation treatments were: no fertilisation, organic fertilisation with 2500 kg ha−1 of compost (sheep manure and cereal straw) and chemical fertilisation with 100–60–60 kg ha−1 of NPK. Weed-control treatments were: no control, herbicide, harrowing with long-flex spring tines and strip sowing with inter-row hoeing. Chemical fertilisation increased grain yield with respect to the other treatments, amongst which no significant differences were noted. Weed-control systems afforded no improvement in yield compared with controls; indeed, yields obtained using inter-row hoeing were lower. The weed population consisted of a large variety of species, of which the most important were Convolvulus arvensis and Polygonum aviculare. Application of weed-control systems reduced weed density. Herbicide was the most effective, reducing weed biomass by 80%, whilst harrowing and hoeing reduced weed biomass by 40% and 52% respectively. Inter-row hoeing does not appear to be a viable alternative to herbicides, when used as the sole weed control method in a non-diverse cropping system in Mediterranean climates. The lack of response to compost suggests a need for further long-term research.
RF Performance Projections of Negative-Capacitance FETs: fT, fmax, and gmfT/ID

As continuous development and optimization of negative-capacitance field-effect transistors (NCFETs) are pursued for digital applications, it is also desirable to examine the radio frequency (RF) performance of these devices, especially devices with the metal–ferroelectric–insulator–semiconductor (MFIS) structure. In this article, we use a combination of physics-based modeling and small-signal circuits to investigate the RF performance of MFIS NCFETs using three key device figures of merit: the well-known unity-current-gain (cutoff) frequency <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the well-known maximum oscillation frequency <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}_{\text {max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and another important metric specified by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{m}{f}_{T}/{I}_{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the transconductance and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the dc drain current. We find that MFIS NCFETs achieve similar <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}_{\text {max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> performance to conventional MOSFETs, but offer a significant advantage in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{m}{f}_{T}/{I}_{D}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
Effect of a cold‐active pectinolytic system on colour development of Malbec red wines elaborated at low temperature

Summary The effect of a new cold-active pectinolytic system on colour of Malbec wines was studied under the following winemaking conditions: (i) fermentation at low temperature (20 °C) and (ii) prefermentative cold maceration (PCM) (5 °C–7 days) followed by traditional fermentation (28 °C). The pectinolytic system was mainly composed of polymethylgalacturonase and pectin lyase activities, detected under similar conditions to those in winemaking (pH 3.6–20 °C). The results show that the enzyme system significantly accelerated colour extraction by reducing the maceration time necessary for vinification at low temperature and shortening the PCM stage. Enzyme-treated wines exhibited better chromatic parameters than their controls at devatting and after 6 months of storage. The cold-active enzyme compensated the decrease in colour extraction due to the low maceration temperature, achieving high-quality wines with chromatic characteristics similar to those of traditional wines.
Genetic Variation in Western Members of the Macrhybopsis aestivalis Complex (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with Emphasis on Those of the Red and Arkansas River Basins

Abstract We used protein electrophoresis of the allozyme products of 21 gene loci to examine relationships among five western species of the Macrhybopsis aestivalis complex (sensu Eisenhour, 1997), with emphasis on three species recognized from morphology in the Red and Arkansas river basins. Monophyly was supported for both species endemic to those basins, M. australis in the Red and M. tetranema, in the Arkansas. However, support was weak because of high genetic similarity between these species and the more wide-ranging species, M. hyostoma. Within the Arkansas and Red river basins, only 2% and 5%, respectively, of total genic diversity was attributable to differences between the endemic species and M. hyostoma. Across all samples from the two basins, only 14% of total diversity was attributable to among-species differences. Phenetic and allele-frequency parsimony analyses grouped M. hyostoma from the Red and Arkansas river basins with the associated endemic in the respective basin rather than with populations of M. hyostoma from elsewhere. The results are consistent with the indication from morphology that M. tetranema and M. australis are sister species, if it is assumed that the present patterns of allozyme variation are a result of subsequent contact and introgressive hybridization with M. hyostoma. Collections of M. aestivalis from the Rio Grande Basin and M. marconis from the San Marcos River Basin were markedly divergent from each other and from other members of the complex.
Use of NOMA for maritime communication networks with P-DF relaying channel

In this paper, a partial de-code-and-forward (P-DF) cooperative relaying network (CRN) with non-orthogonal multiple access (P-DF-CRN-NOMA) for maritime space communications is proposed. Without loss of generality, three kinds of relay forwarding protocols are studied to characterize the superiority of the proposed P-DF-CRN-NOMA scheme, where, after receptions from the coastal base station (BS), the island relay forwards the successful decoded symbols to the ship user to avoid the performance loss provided by the high decoding requirement in decode-and-forward (DF). To further improve the system performance, as well as for a fairness comparison, the maximum ratio combining (MRC) is utilized at the ship user. Specifically, to present the impact of the channel qualities, the scenarios of the weak and strong links that from the source to destination (S-D) are both considered. The closed-form expressions for the outage probability of the P-DF-CRN-NOMA are derived considering the three proposed forwarding cases. Qualitative numerical results corroborating our theoretical analysis, especially for the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), show that the proposed P-DF-CRN-NOMA scheme significantly improves the outage probability performance in comparison to the conventional CRN-NOMA schemes. Furthermore, for an increased S-D link, the corresponding outage probability performance will be also better for all the cases.
A novel perfusion system shows that aphid feeding behaviour is altered by decrease of sieve‐tube pressure

Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) use their stylets to ingest from sieve tubes, which are the photoassimilate-conducting channels of plants. The food ingestion process is largely passive; phloem sap is forced through the stylet food canal, driven by the pressure in the sieve tubes (Tjallingii, 1995; Miles, 1999; Tjallingii & Cherqui, 1999). A fascinating aspect of aphid feeding is that aphids inactivate the wound-induced occlusion of the sieve tubes. In response to injury, the perforated and longitudinally arranged junction walls (sieve plates) between the sieve-tube modules (sieve elements) are occluded by proteins and/or callose (e.g., Furch et al., 2007), which impede the loss of phloem sap. Wounding a single sieve element by, for example, stylet insertion could result in sap loss many times higher than the content of the injured sieve element, favoured by the continuity of the sieve elements and the high pressure inside the sieve tubes. Thus, it is vital for the plant to possess such an occlusion defence system and for the aphid to sabotage the sieve-element occlusion in order to maintain its food supply. It has recently been demonstrated that Ca 2+
Characterisation of dark septate endophytic fungi (DSE) using inter-simple-sequence-repeat-anchored polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR) amplification

Suitability and reproducibility of ISSR-PCR to find strain-specific and taxon specific markers for strains of the tree-root endophytes Phialocephala fortinii and ’Type 1’, a non-sporulating dematiaceous mycelium, were examined. The results were compared with data previously generated by isozyme analyses. P. fortinii and ’Type 1’ are two DSE taxa and are abundant colonisers of coniferous forest-tree roots in the North Temperate zone. ’Type 1’ was never observed to sporulate in pure culture but is well defined by its cultural characteristics. DNA of 14 strains per taxon was amplified with three short, 17-18-nucleotide-long, tandemly-repeated primers (CCA, CGA, ACA) with two (CCA) or three degenerated bases at their 5’-ends. The resulting DNA products were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The bands were scored for absence/presence, respectively, and the binary matrix subjected to multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). ISSR-PCR was found to be highly reproducible since amplification of DNA from several single-hyphal-tip cultures of the same strain resulted in identical banding patterns. Eighty-five (92.4%) of the 92 DNA fragments were polymorphic. The fragments ranged from 320 to 4100 bp. ISSR-PCR was found to be a powerful tool to find strain-specific and taxon-specific markers. Each strain showed a unique banding pattern and diagnostic bands for the two taxa could be identified. ISSR-PCR data correlated neither with the geographical nor the host origin of the strains. The strains grouped into similar clusters independently of whether MCA was performed with ISSR-PCR or isozyme data. However, ISSR-PCR allowed the differentiation of strains with the same allozyme phenotype.