Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ensaio de caracterização estratigráfica do Cretáceo no estado de São Paulo: Grupo Bauru

Mapping survey over 135,000 km 2 in the State of Sao Paulo, made by Departamento de Aguas e Energia Eletrica do Estado de Sao Paulo(DAEE) in cooperation with other organisations, allowed the stratigraphical characterization of the Cretaceous rocks younger than Serra Geral Formation (lower Cretaceous) in that region. Due to the regional stratigraphical analysis of these sediments is proposed for them the term Bauru Group which is constituted by the following four Formations: 1) Caiua Formation: fine to medium sandstone with regular to good sorting and purple color,bearing large cross stratification; occurrence limited to the Pontal do Paranapanema region; it is in unconformity over basalts of the Serra Geral Formation. 2) Santo Anastacio Formation: very fine to medium sandstone, red to purple colors; low angle cross stratifications to horizontal bedding, with rare mudstone beds intercalated; occurrence mainly in southwestern portion of Sao Paulo State; gradational over Caiua Formation and with discordance over basalts. 3) Adamantina Formation: a) Aracatuba lithofacies - thick beds of mudstones, dark brown to greenish grey colors, with variations to siltstones and claystones; restricted occurrence in the southwestern portion of Sao Paulo State and wide one in the western and northwestern portion of the State; overlying Santo Anastacio Formation and Serra Geral Formation; b) Taciba lithofacies - beds of very fine to fine sandstones, with small to large size cross stratifications, intercalated with beds of reddish to brownish sandy mudstones; incipient lamination and sandstone lens; wide occurrence from south to the north of the State over Santo Anastacio Formation (south), Aracatuba lithofacies (west, and northwest) and basalts (northeast); c) Ubirajara Formation - coarser sandstones than that one from Taciba lithofacies, textural and mineralogical imatures, with occurrence in mid-east portion of the State over basalts, lateral gradation to Taciba lithofacies toward west and north. 4) Marilia Formation: coarse to conglomeratic sandstones plentiful of calciferous cement and nodules; occurrence in the wathersheds of the principal drainages in Sao Paulo State inland. The contact relationship and regional distribution of the stratigraphic unities suggest a partial contemporaneous deposition in a complex fluvial system, with regional and chronological variations in the clastic affluence, in the climatic characteristics, in the subsidence ratio and in the marginal areas uplift rate.
Dietary fatty acids differentially impact phagocytosis, inflammatory gene expression, and mitochondrial respiration in microglial and neuronal cell models

The consumption of diets high in saturated fatty acids and/or refined carbohydrates are associated with neuroinflammation, cognitive dysfunction, and neurodegenerative disease. In contrast, diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. We have previously shown that high fat diet (HFD) consumption increases saturated fatty acids and decreases polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hippocampus. We have further shown that HFD elicits exaggerated neuroinflammation and reduced synaptic elements, and results in robust memory deficits in aged rats. Here, we examined the impact of palmitate, an abundant dietary saturated fat, on a variety of cellular responses in BV2 microglia and HippoE-14 neurons, and the extent to which the omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), would buffer against these responses. Our data demonstrate that DHA pretreatment prevents or partially attenuates palmitate-induced alterations in proinflammatory, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial damage-associated gene expression in both cell types. Furthermore, we show that synaptoneurosomes isolated from aged, HFD-fed mice are engulfed by BV2 microglia at a faster rate than synaptoneurosomes isolated from aged, chow-fed mice, suggesting HFD alters signaling at synapses to hasten their engulfment by microglia. Consistent with this notion, we found modest increases in complement proteins and a decrease in CD47 protein expression on synaptoneurosomes isolated from the hippocampus of aged, HFD-fed mice. Interestingly, palmitate reduced BV2 microglial phagocytosis, but only of synaptoneurosomes isolated from chow-fed mice, an effect that was prevented by DHA pretreatment. Lastly, we measured the impact of palmitate and DHA on mitochondrial function in both microglial and neuronal cell models using the Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer. These data indicate that DHA pretreatment does not mitigate palmitate-induced reductions in mitochondrial respiration in BV2 microglia and HippoE-14 neurons, suggesting DHA may be acting downstream of mitochondrial function to exert its protective effects. Together, this study provides evidence that DHA can ameliorate the negative impact of palmitate on a variety of cellular functions in microglia- and neuron-like cells.
Combined Administration of Escitalopram Oxalate and Nivolumab Exhibits Synergistic Growth-Inhibitory Effects on Liver Cancer Cells through Inducing Apoptosis

Liver cancer is one of the most lethal malignant cancers worldwide. However, the therapeutic options for advanced liver cancers are limited and reveal scant efficacy. The current study investigated the effects of nivolumab (Niv) and escitalopram oxalate (Esc) in combination on proliferation of liver cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Significantly decreased viability of HepG2 cells that were treated with Esc or Niv was observed in a dose-dependent manner at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Administration of Esc (50 μM) + Niv (20 μM), Esc (75 μM) + Niv (5 μM), and Esc (75 μM) + Niv (20 μM) over 24 h exhibited synergistic effects, inhibiting the survival of HepG2 cells. Additionally, treatment with Esc (50 μM) + Niv (1 μM), Esc (50 μM) + Niv (20 μM), and Esc (75 μM) + Niv (20 μM) over 48 h exhibited synergistic effects, inhibiting the survival of HepG2 cells. Finally, treatment with Esc (50 μM) + Niv (1 μM), Esc (50 μM) + Niv (20 μM), and Esc (75 μM) + Niv (20 μM) for 72 h exhibited synergistic effects, inhibiting HepG2 survival. Com-pared with controls, HepG2 cells treated with Esc (50 μM) + Niv (20 μM) exhibited significantly increased sub-G1 portion and annexin-V signals. In a xenograft animal study, Niv (6.66 mg/kg) + Esc (2.5 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the growth of xenograft HepG2 tumors in nude mice. This study reports for the first time the synergistic effects of combined administration of Niv and Esc for inhibiting HepG2 cell proliferation, which may provide an alternative option for liver cancer treatment.
Age, growth, mortality and recruitment of thin sharpbelly Toxabramis swinhonis Günther, 1873 in three shallow lakes along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin, China

Despite being the most dominant and widespread small fish species in the lakes along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin, Toxabramis swinhonis has been paid little attention by fisheries scientists and little is known about its population characteristics. For this reason, we estimated age, growth, mortality and recruitment of this species based on three shallow lakes, Biandantang Lake, Shengjin Lake and Kuilei Lake (BDT, SJH and KLH, respectively) in this region. A total of 13,585 (8,818 in BDT, 2,207 in SJH and 2,560 in KLH) individuals were collected during monthly sampling from July 2016 to September 2017. The results revealed that the age structures of T. swinhonis consisted of four age groups (0+–3+), with 0+–1+ year old fish comprising more than 98% of the samples. Allometric growth patterns were displayed by fish from all sampling sites and the von Bertalanffy growth functions estimated were Lt = 173.25 (1 – e−1.20 (t + 1.09)): BDT; Lt = 162.75 (1 – e−1.20 (t + 1.08)): SJH and Lt = 215.25 (1 – e−1.20 (t + 1.12)): KLH, respectively. The rates of total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) at BDT, SJH and KLH were computed as 5.82, 5.50 and 4.55 year−1; 1.89, 1.87 and 1.75 year−1; 3.93, 3.63 and 2.80 year−1, respectively. Meanwhile, growth performance indices (φ′) were 0.68 (in BDT), 0.66 (in SJH) and 0.62 (in KLH), which indicated that T. swinhonis were overfished slightly in all study areas. Area-specific recruitment patterns were similar to each other, displaying evidence of batch spawning, with major peaks in April and August, accounting for 92.21% (BDT), 88.21% (SJH) and 88.73% (KLH) of total recruitment, respectively. These results showed that brief generation-time, fast growth rate, relatively high natural mortality rate and strong reproductive capacity (r-strategies) are reasons why this species became the most dominant species in many lakes of China.
Electrocardiographic Reference Values in Clinically Healthy Lusitano Horses

Simple Summary The electrocardiogram is a relevant diagnostic tool for detecting cardiac rhythm disturbances during routine examinations. With the increasing importance of horses as sport animals, cardiology now plays a significant role in equine medicine. In particular, the Lusitano horse has gained worldwide acceptance for its athletic potential. However, the breed’s unique characteristics can influence electrocardiogram results, making it essential to establish reference values for accurate evaluations. Currently, there are no established reference values for the Lusitano horse, and this study aims to bridge this gap. This study involved electrocardiographic evaluations of 82 clinically healthy adult Lusitano horses using lead II and the base–apex lead. The results revealed a median heart rate of 39 beats per minute. The P wave exhibited mainly a bifid configuration, while the QRS complex appeared in several forms; QR and R were the most frequent configurations in lead II, while RS was the most common in the base–apex lead. Most T waves had a biphasic shape in both methods. Statistically significant differences were observed among genders and ages. These results underscore the importance of establishing reference values for athletic horses to improve the accuracy of cardiac evaluations. Abstract The Lusitano horse is gaining popularity in the equestrian world, and as a result, the significance of applied sports medicine for this breed is growing. As cardiology plays a crucial role in this field, numerous studies have been conducted to establish electrocardiographic reference values in various breeds to ensure a more accurate evaluation. However, studies regarding healthy Lusitano horses are lacking. So, this study aimed to establish electrocardiographic reference values for Lusitano horses, utilizing a sample of 82 clinically healthy animals. The evaluation involved lead II and base–apex lead measurements, with a median heart rate of 39 beats per minute being recorded. The P wave demonstrated a predominantly bifid configuration, while the QRS complex exhibited various forms. The most common QRS configurations were QR and R in lead II, and RS in the base–apex lead. Additionally, most T waves displayed a biphasic shape in both methods. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were noted based on age and gender. Some of the electrocardiographic values obtained differed from those previously published for other breeds. Given the relevance of electrocardiogram in cardiovascular evaluation, these findings bring valuable insights regarding the specific parameters for Lusitano horse and emphasize the importance of obtaining breed-specific electrocardiographic reference values.
Screening of Low-Pressure Steam Heating Pretreatment Parameters For Enhanced Delignification of Pineapple Wastes

Pineapple waste is classified as lignocellulosic biomass that can potentially be used in the production of biofuel (bioethanol) to replace the current resources of fossil fuels. Carbohydrate compositions of pineapple waste (cellulose and hemicellulose) are excellent properties to be exploited as fermentable sugars that can be converted into bioethanol through the fermentation process. In producing fermentable sugars from pineapple wastes, a pretreatment process is required to breakdown the complex crystalline structure of lignocellulose. However, this process is challenging due to the recalcitrant structure of lignocellulosic material. With this regard, extensive researches have been done to improve the efficiency of the pretreatment method for maximum removal of lignin from the lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, low-pressure steam heating pretreatment was introduced to examine the delignification effectiveness of pineapple wastes. In this study, screening of three parameters using low-pressure steam heating pretreatment (biomass loading, pressure, and residence time) were carried out using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) analysis. From the results obtained, the best condition for low-pressure steam heating pretreatment was found to be at biomass loading of 5 %w/v, 80 kPa pressure, and 30 minutes residence time. A total of 46.89 % lignin had successfully been removed from pineapple wastes by using this pretreatment condition. The proposed pretreatment in this present study was proven to be a practical approach for biomass delignification.
DISTINGUISHING VEGETATION FROM SOIL BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Landsat-1 and -2 multispectral scanner (MSS) data from six overpass dates (April 2, May 17, June 4, July 10, October 17, and December 10, 1975) showed that MSS digital data for bare soil, cloud tops, and cloud shadows followed a highly predictable linear relaton (soil background line) for MSS bands 5 and 7 and bands 5 and 6. Increasing vegetation development, documented by leaf area index (LAI) measurements, of 1973 and 1975 grain sorghum crops, was associated with displacement of sorghum MSS digital counts perpendicularly away from the soil background line. Consequently, the perpendicular distance of a sorghum MSS measurement from the soil background line was tested as an index of plant vegetative develoment. Two perpendicular vegetation index models, the PVI and PVI6, yielded significant coefficients of determination of 0.659, respectively, with LAI. Coefficients of determination for a transformed vegetation index (TV16) and a green vegetation index (GVI) that have been used by others were 0.531 and 0.653, respectively, for the same data set. The PVI technique permits the calcualtion of the coordinates of the intersection of the vegetation and soil background lines; hence, it gives the position of a given pixel on the soil background line that other vegetation indexes do not. Since position along the soil background line should vary with soil water content, soil crusting, and crop shadows, the possibility of deducing information about soil surface conditions becomes apparent. The Landsat data space surrounding the soil background line for MSS5 and MSS7 was divided into ten decision regions corresponding the water; cloud shadow; low, medium, and high reflecting soil; cloud tops; low, medium, and dense plant cover; and a region (threshold) into which no Landsat data are expected to fall. It was demonstrated that, by using a table lookup procedure and printer symbols for each decision region, Landsat study areas or scenes could be gray mapped to meaningfully display vegetation density and soil condition categories without prior knowledge of local crop and soil conditions. /Author/
The relationship between Mute Swan Cygnus olor population trends in Great Britain and environmental change

ABSTRACT Capsule The increase in autumn sowing of crops is probably an additional contributory factor to the national ban on lead angling weights in influencing the large increase in British Mute Swan Cygnus olor numbers since the 1970s. Aims The national population of Mute Swans in Great Britain has more than doubled since the 1970s, and previous correlative analyses of national population changes identified a national ban on lead angling weights in 1987 as the main driver of this change. We examine regional variation in Mute Swan population changes to test the contribution of additional environmental covariates to the observed increase. Methods We explore regional and national variation in Mute Swan population trends to changes in climate, agriculture, water quality, and angling to assess whether the same patterns emerge at different scales. Results Changes in the extent of oilseed rape and wheat, which provide winter food for Mute Swans, showed a consistent positive association with the spatial and temporal pattern of Mute Swan population trends, while a proxy for the expected change in the exposure of swans to lead weights from angling contributed much less. Conclusion The lead weight ban occurred alongside rapid changes in arable cropping area, with swans probably benefitting from both increased food resources and reduced rates of lead ingestion. Our study highlights the value of exploiting both spatial and temporal variation in abundance when exploring potential drivers of population change. Future changes in agricultural policy and practice in Great Britain may influence Mute Swan populations.
MILLENNIAL- TO ANNUAL-SCALE HOLOCENE CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE ALASKAN ARCTIC AND TROPICAL ANDES INFERRED FROM PHYSICAL SEDIMENTOLOGY AND GEOCHEMICAL INDICATORS PRESERVED IN FINELY LAMINATED ALPINE LAKE SEDIMENT ARCHIVES

High-resolution sediment archives from small alpine lakes in the Alaskan Arctic and tropical Andes were used to investigate Holocene climate change in these climatically sensitive and important regions. Varved minerogenic sediments from glacial-fed Blue Lake, Brooks Range Alaska (1275 m asl), were used to derive a proxy temperature record between AD 730-2005. Cool temperatures characterize the late Holocene (last millennial average, or LMA = 4.2 °C) with 20th century warming anomalous within the context of the last 1275 years (0.8°C above LMA). However, temperatures between AD 1350-1450 and AD 1500-1620 approached modern values (0.4 and 0.3°C above LMA, respectively). Prolonged cooling at Blue Lake occurred from AD 1620-1880, during the Little Ice Age (LIA). LIA cooling and 20th century warming correspond to radiative minima and maxima, respectively. However, the relationship between radiative forcing and temperature is not consistent through the record, suggesting that other factors contributed to temperature variability in this region. In the tropics, South American summer monsoon (SASM) variability during the last 2300 years was reconstructed from oxygen isotope ratios of authigenic carbonate (δ18Ocal) preserved in varved sediments from Laguna Pumacocha (4300 m asl), Peru. High δ18Ocal values and reduced variability during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; AD 920-1050) suggest that the SASM and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) were weak due to reduced easterly tropospheric flow and cooling within the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP). Low δ18Ocal from during the LIA (AD 1415-1820) and enhanced variability from AD 1415-1770 suggest that the SASM and ENSO were strong as a result of enhanced easterly tropospheric flow and warm, but variable, sea surface temperatures in the ETP, respectively. These ocean-atmosphere responses reflect the tropical Pacific's response to radiative forcing described by the ocean dynamical thermostat model (Clement et al. 1996). Long-term δ18Ocal trends at Pumacocha suggest that the SASM was weak during the early Holocene and then strengthened through the Holocene as Southern Hemisphere insolation increased. This confirms the importance of orbital controls on SASM dynamics. However, the Andean SASM strengthened to a greater extent than the SASM over the Amazon basin, indicating that these regions respond differently to similar forcing mechanisms.
First-principles localized cluster expansion study of the kinetics of hydrogen diffusion in homogeneous and heterogeneous Fe-Cr alloys

Metal alloys have a wide range of technological applications, from structural materials to catalysts. In many situations the transport of hydrogen, whether intentionally for hydrogen storage and fuel cell applications or unintentionally in the case of tritium uptake in nuclear materials, is an important concern. Fe-Cr binary alloys, in particular, may be viewed as a simple model system to represent ferritic steels used in nuclear energy systems and, more generally, as a model binary alloy for examining the role of alloying elements on transport. In this work, we used density functional theory, cluster expansion, and kinetic Monte Carlo to study hydrogen kinetics in Fe-Cr alloys. In random homogenenous alloys, we observed that hydrogen diffusivity first decreased with increasing Cr content and then increased to its levels in pure Cr. Furthermore, the effects of heterogeneity, as might be induced by irradiation, were explored and it was concluded that local structural heterogeneities for the same overall Cr concentration may significantly affect the hydrogen diffusivity. The effect was attributed to the relative binding energy of hydrogen in different metals and this understanding was then utilized to predict hydrogen transport behavior in different element-segregated grain/grain boundary combinations and thus identify solute/solvent alloys where hydrogen transport might be either hindered or
TESTS FOR EVALUATING DEGRADATION OF BASE COURSE AGGREGATES

A STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN TO DEVELOP PROCEDURES FOR PREDICTING THE AMOUNT AND EFFECTS OF DEGRADATION FOR DIFFERENT NATURAL AGGREGATES WHEN USED IN A ROADWAY BASE OR SUBBASE COURSE, AND THEREBY FOR DETERMINING THEIR SUITABILITY, AGGREGATE SAMPLES WERE COLLECTED FROM 140 QUARRIES IN 12 STATES, DIVIDED INTO FOUR CLASSES (CARBONATES AND CLASTIC SEDIMENTARIES, COARSE-GRAINED IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHICS, BASALTS AND BASALT-LIKE ROCKS, AND HETEROGENOUS GRAVELS), AND SUBMITTED TO EIGHT TESTS: PERCENT LOSS, LOS ANGELES ABRASION; FREEZE-THAW LOSS; SPECIFIC GRAVITY, PERCENT ABSORPTION; INSOLUBLE RESIDUE; DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS; X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS; AND PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS, INCLUDING A BATTERY OF TESTS FOR POLISHED AND THIN SECTION. TEST CONCLUSIONS REGARDING THE FOUR CLASSES ARE GIVEN AND DISCUSSED, AND DETAILED DATA ON SAMPLES ARE TABULATED IN APPENDICES.
One Step at a Time: How Model Time Step Significantly Affects Convection‐Permitting Simulations

We show that there is a strong sensitivity of cloud microphysics to model time step in idealized convection‐permitting simulations using the COnsortium for Small‐scale MOdeling model. Specifically, we found a 53% reduction in precipitation when the time step is increased from 1 to 15 s, changes to the location of precipitation and hail reaching the surface, and changes to the vertical distribution of hydrometeors. The effect of cloud condensation nuclei perturbations on precipitation also changes both magnitude and sign with the changing model time step. The sensitivity arises because of the numerical implementation of processes in the model, specifically the so‐called “splitting” of the dynamics (e.g., advection and diffusion) and the parameterized physics (e.g., microphysics scheme). Calculating one step at a time (sequential‐update splitting) gives a significant time step dependence because large supersaturation with respect to liquid is generated in updraft regions, which strongly affect parameterized microphysical process rates—in particular, ice nucleation. In comparison, calculating both dynamics and microphysics using the same inputs of temperature and water vapor (hybrid parallel splitting) or adding an additional saturation adjustment within the dynamics reduces the time step sensitivity of surface precipitation by limiting the supersaturation seen by the microphysics, although sensitivity to time step remains for some processes.