Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of magma flux and eruption intensity during the 2021 explosive activity at the Soufrière of St Vincent, West Indies

Seismic RSAM signals and eruption cloud height measurements were used to estimate peak intensities of 40 explosive events during the 8-22 April 2021 activity of the Soufrière volcano. We estimated magma supply rates and erupted volumes in each explosion, characterized uncertainty by stochastic modelling and identified four eruptive stages. Stage 1 included an intense period of 9.5 hours with 11 explosive events with peak eruption intensity between 2000 and 4000 m 3 /s and magma supply rate reaching 828 m 3 /s. 12 high intensity explosions (∼4000 m 3 /s) occurred in Stage 2 with average magma supply rate of 251 m 3 /s. Stage 3 involved declining intensity, magma supply rate and lengthening repose periods between explosions. Stage 4 involved 3 much weaker explosions. The total erupted volume of magma is estimated at 38.5 × 10 6 m 3 (90% credible interval: [22.0 . 61.9] × 10 6 m 3 ) consistent with independent estimates from analysis of tephra deposits and volcano subsidence sourced at ∼6 km depth. The 150-fold increase in magma supply rate, from the preceding effusive phase to Stage 1 of the explosive phase, is attributed to replacement of very high viscosity degassed magma occupying the shallow conduit system with new lower viscosity volatile-rich magma from the magma chamber. Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare. c.6558003
Control of flat systems by quasi-static feedback of generalized states

Generalized states, the state representations of which depend on time derivatives of the input, are naturally used in the control design for flat systems. Quasi-static feedback of these generalized states, which involves time derivatives of the closedloop input, is shown to allow control of all flat systems by feedback linearization of the tracking error dynamics. This is then used in a method proposed for the analysis and design by subsystems of certain flat series connections. The results are illustrated on a gantry crane example.
Predicting obstructive sleep apnea severity from craniofacial images using ensemble machine learning models

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disease affecting 10 to 15% of Americans and nearly one billion people worldwide. It leads to multiple symptoms including daytime sleepiness; snoring, choking, or gasping during sleep; fatigue; headaches; non-restorative sleep; and insomnia due to frequent arousals. Although polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard for OSA diagnosis, it is expensive, not universally available, and time-consuming, so many patients go undiagnosed due to lack of access to the test. Given the incomplete access and high cost of PSG, many studies are seeking alternative diagnosis approaches based on different data modalities. Here, we propose a machine learning model to predict OSA severity from 2D frontal view craniofacial images. In a cross-validation study of 280 patients, our method achieves an average AUC of 0.780. In comparison, the craniofacial analysis model proposed by a recent study only achieves 0.638 AUC on our dataset. The proposed model also outperforms the widely used STOP-BANG OSA screening questionnaire, which achieves an AUC of 0.52 on our dataset. Our findings indicate that deep learning has the potential to significantly reduce the cost of OSA diagnosis.
Photoelectron momentum distributions of the hydrogen atom driven by multicycle elliptically polarized laser pulses

Photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs) of the hydrogen atom driven by multicycle elliptically polarized strong laser fields are studied in detail, based on the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and the Volkov wave propagation. Both short and long driving pulses of the 800-nm field are considered, as well as the ellipticity dependence, to describe the mechanism of symmetry breaking in the hydrogen-atom PMD. Moreover, we demonstrate that the value of a retardation angle in the longitudinal PMD can depend on the order of above-threshold ionization spectra.
Controlling optical field enhancement of a nanoring dimer for plasmon-based applications

Control of resonance dynamics and gap plasmons of coupled nanostructures beyond commonly used parameters such as the dimer gap has a paramount importance in practical applications where a fixed feed-gap is needed. In this report, we show control of resonance peak shift and gap plasmon intensity of a closely spaced nanoring dimer through polarization and illumination angle of incident light, geometry of the constituent nanorings and refractive index of the substrate underneath. For fixed outer radii and constant dimer gap, the resonance peak of the nanodimer shows universal redshift as the inner radii of nanorings increase and polarization of the incident light approaches the dimer axis. Furthermore, we show that increasing inner dimer radii and introducing a small split gap to the nanodimer results in highly enhanced gap plasmon intensity. Finally, at optimized dimer geometry and illumination of the incident light, 682 nm RIU−1 refractive index sensitivity of the nanodimer was obtained and its implication for surface-based sensing is discussed in detail.
The Effect of Corporate Governance Characteristics and Gender Diversity on Dividends Decision: Does ESG Matter?

: Purpose – The current study investigates the effects of several corporate governance characteristics and gender diversity facets on the dividends decision. Moreover, the moderating effect of ESG has been scrutinized on the relationship between board characteristics and gender diversity with dividends decision. Design/methodology/approach –Logistic regression model has been utilized on a sample of 120 EGX listed companies between 2012 and 2019. The non-board data that has been collected from DataStream, the board information has been gathered based on the financial statements and websites of the companies. Findings – The results of the study demonstrated a substantial positive relationship between gender diversity and dividends decision. Additionally, the association between gender diversity and dividend decision is moderated by ESG. Furthermore, the decision to declare a dividend is significantly positively correlated with the board's size, but negatively correlated with the board's independence. Moreover, neither the relationship between board size nor board independence on dividends decision is significantly moderated by ESG. Originality/value – Results hold up well to determine the imperative role of board characteristics and more specifically the gender diversity in dividend decision-making and on ESG. They thus offer compelling evidence in favor of the significance of sustainability in dividends decision.
Basic Action Theory

Action semantics is a semantic description framework with very good pragmatic properties but until now a rather weak theory for reasoning about programs. A strong action theory would have a great practical potential, as it would facilitate reasoning about the large class of programming languages that can be described in action semantics. This report develops the foundations for a richer action theory, by bringing together concepts and techniques from process theory and from work on operational reasoning about functional programs. Semantic preorders and equivalences in the action semantics setting are studied and useful operational techniques for establishing contextual equivalences are presented. These techniques are applied to establish equational and inequational action laws and an induction rule.
The classification of the simple modular Lie algebras: IV. Determining the associated graded algebra

F (c1, . . . , cn) : F, c p i ∈ F ∀i. He could prove a Galois-like theorem by considering derivation algebras instead of automorphism groups. The set DerF F (c1, . . . , cn) of F -derivations of F (c1, . . . , cn) carries the structures of an F (c1, . . . , cn)-module in the obvious fashion, an associative p-power mapping D → D, a Lie algebra under the bracket operation [D1, D2] = D1 ◦D2 −D2 ◦D1.
Serum LDH Levels in Normotensive and Preeclamptic-Eclamptic Pregnant Women and Its Correlation With Fetomaternal Outcome

Background One of the most prevalent medical issues observed during pregnancy is hypertension. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and their consequences affect around 5-10% of all pregnancies globally. Preeclampsia is caused by endothelial dysfunction, which causes widespread endothelial leakage and contributes to potentially fatal consequences, such as eclampsia, placental abruption, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), severe renal failure, pulmonary edema, and hepatocellular necrosis. As a result, looking for predictive markers for at-risk pregnancies that can suggest poor maternal or fetal outcomes is critical. Elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as a sign of cellular damage and dysfunction, can be utilized as a biochemical marker in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) as it represents the severity of the disease, and the occurrence of problems, and has also been demonstrated to co-relate with fetomaternal outcomes. Methodology A total of 230 singleton pregnant women of 28-40 weeks of gestational age were enrolled in this study. All women were divided into two groups - normotensive and preeclamptic-eclamptic groups; the second group was further divided into mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia, and eclampsia, based on blood pressure and the presence of proteinuria. Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels were measured in both groups and correlated with their fetomaternal outcome. Results Mean serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in eclamptic women was 1515.86 ± 754, in severely preeclamptic women was 932.2 ± 448, mild preeclamptic women were 580.5±213, while in normotensive women mean LDH level was 378.6 ± 124. The difference between normotensive and preeclamptic-eclamptic women was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The complications in the preeclamptic-eclamptic group were increased significantly in women with LDH > 800 IU/L, 600-800 IU/L compared to those who had < 600 IU/L LDH levels. Conclusions Serum LDH levels were significantly higher in women of preeclamptic-eclamptic group compared to the normotensive pregnant women. Higher LDH levels were positively correlated with disease severity and maternal complications like placental abruption, hemolysis elevated liver enzymes low platelet count (HELLP), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), acute renal failure, intracranial hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, and maternal death and for fetal complications like preterm, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), APGAR at 1 minute < 7, APGAR at 5 minutes < 7, low birth weight (LBW), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and intrauterine fetal death (IUFD).
Assessing the Implementation of Best Productivity Practices in Maintenance Activities, Shutdowns, and Turnarounds of Petrochemical Plants

This paper describes the development of a method to assess the level of implementation of best productivity practices in the petrochemical industry. The proposed methodology focuses on construction, maintenance activities, shutdowns, and turnarounds. Its novelty and importance are emphasized by the lack of productivity studies that target these types of projects. This article reports the research methodology steps including tool development and detailed case study assessments of projects in Singapore. The approach involved the verification of best productivity practices and the development of an assessment method designed to fit the characteristics of petrochemical projects. The assessment points out productivity practices with low implementation levels and provides recommendations to increase their usage. The results showed that the level of implementation of productivity practices in the petrochemical projects investigated was 68.42%, out of a maximum score of 100%. Practices related to Material Management and Equipment Logistics received the lowest scores and recommendations on how to bridge this productivity practice implementation gap were provided. The adoption of the Best Productivity Practices Implementation Index (BPPII) as a Productivity management tool will help the petrochemical plants to improve productivity in their projects and to be resilient during the pre-planning phase. This should also allow the petrochemical industry to attract more investments and remain competitive in order to be sustainable. The identification and analysis of practices related to maintenance activities, shutdowns, and turnarounds of petrochemical plants will significantly contribute to the body of knowledge on best productivity practice.
Experimental study on bed-load transport in unsteady open channel flows

Aiming at studying the characteristics of sediment transport in unsteady open channel flows,the surveying system has been established for measuring the velocity,water depth,discharge and the bed-load transport.Experiments have been conducted by using the established system of which nine runs are in steady uniform flows and the three runs in unsteady flows with movable channel beds.Experimental results indicate that the Einstein's equation proves to be better than the Meyer-Peter's equation;the long term average bed-load rate in unsteady flows is greater than that in equivalent steady flows;and the change of bed-load transport intensity is not in phase with the change of flow intensity.
Gut Bacterial Communities in HIV-Infected Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome: Effects of the Therapy with Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor-Based and Protease Inhibitor-Based Regimens

Antiretroviral therapies (ART) are strongly associated with weight gain and metabolic syndrome (MetS) development in HIV-infected patients. Few studies have evaluated the association between gut microbiota and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based and protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens in HIV-infected patients with MetS. To assess this, fecal samples were obtained from HIV-infected patients treated with different regimens (16 PI + MetS or 30 INSTI + MetS) and 18 healthy controls (HCs). The microbial composition was characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The INSTI-based and PI-based regimens were associated with a significant decrease in α-diversity compared to HCs. The INSTI + MetS group showed the lowest α-diversity between both regimens. A significant increase in the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera (Roseburia, Dorea, Ruminococcus torques, and Coprococcus) was observed in the PI + MetS group, while Prevotella, Fusobacterium, and Succinivibrio were significantly increased in the INSTI + MetS group. Moreover, the Proteobacteria/Firmicutes ratio was overrepresented, and functional pathways related to the biosynthesis of LPS components were increased in the INSTI + MetS group. The gut microbiota of patients receiving INSTIs showed a more pronounced dysbiosis orchestrated by decreased bacterial richness and diversity, with an almost complete absence of SCFA-producing bacteria and alterations in gut microbiota functional pathways. These findings have not been previously observed.
Optimal bounds for the mean of the total time on test for distributions with decreasing generalized failure rate

ABSTRACT During any life test experiment it is of interest to study potential costs (or profits) of performing the test to the very end. Assuming that these costs are proportional to lifetimes of analysed items the experimenter needs to know the remaining total time on test, having just observed successive failure in the test. We derive sharp upper bounds on the expectation of the remaining total time on test statistic when the underlying distributions have decreasing generalized failure rate with respect to generalized Pareto distributions. In particular we obtain the bounds valid for distributions with decreasing density or failure rate. The results are illustrated with numerical examples.
DiPerna-Majda measures and uniform integrability

The uniform integrability is equivalent to the relative (sequential) weak L1-compactness of the sequence in question via the Dunford-Pettis compactness criterion; cf. e.g. [13, Section IV.8] or [30]. We refer e.g. to [9], [11], [13], [22] for other criteria ensuring the relative weak compactness. Briefly, any bounded and uniformly integrable sequence {uk}k∈N in L 1(Ω;Rm) contains a subsequence converging weakly in L1(Ω;Rm). The opposite implication is also valid: weakly converging sequences in L1(Ω;Rm) are uniformly integrable. This additional requirement, namely the uniform integrability, on bounded sequences in L1(Ω;Rm) to be relatively weakly compact reflects the non-reflexiveness of L1(Ω;Rm). Saadoune and Valadier [25] introduced the so-called Rosenthal modulus of uniform integrability η; cf. also [7], [19]. Taking a bounded sequence {uk}k∈N in L1(Ω;Rm) then (“meas” stands for the Lebesgue measure on Rn)
Global existence and time-decay estimates of solutions to the compressible Navier-Stokes-Smoluchowski equations

This paper is concerned with the Cauchy problem of the compressible Navier-Stokes-Smoluchowski equations in $\mathbb{R}^3$. Under the smallness assumption on both the external potential and the initial perturbation of the stationary solution in some Sobolev spaces, the existence theory of global solutions in $H^3$ to the stationary profile is established. Moreover, when the initial perturbation is bounded in $L^p$-norm with $1\leq p< \frac{6}{5}$, we obtain the optimal convergence rates of the solution in $L^q$-norm with $2\leq q\leq 6$ and its first order derivative in $L^2$-norm.
Asymptotics of goodness-of-fit tests based on minimum p-value statistics

ABSTRACT This paper provides some new results on the asymptotics of goodness-of-fit (GOF) tests based on minimum p-value statistics. In connection with detectability of sparse signals in high-dimensional data, various tests were proposed and investigated during the last decade, especially with respect to asymptotic properties. Minimum p-value GOF statistics were already investigated as minimum level attained statistics by Berk and Jones with respect to Bahadur efficiency. The distribution of minimum p-value GOF statistics is closely related to the distribution of higher criticism statistics, the distribution of the supremum of a normalized Brownian bridge, and the supremum of an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process.
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF CONFLICTS AMONG FARMERS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Current was designed to investigate the causes and effects of conflicts among farming communities. The study was conducted in three union councils of tehsil Chishtian district, Bahawalnagar. In each union council, there were 2–4 villages, and 25 respondents were selected from three villages through purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through an interview guide and pretested and validated interview schedule. Pearson correlation showed significant relationship at P<0.01. The analysis-based results showed that low education and large land size caused conflicts and adversely affected farming communities. The study suggested that conflict among farmers should be resolved through legal support and further research should be conducted to investigate multiple reasons for conflicts among farmers.
Reviewing the roots of continuum formulations in molecular systems. Part III: Stresses, couple stresses, heat fluxes

This contribution is the third part in a series devoted to the fundamental link between discrete particle systems and continuum descriptions. The basis for such a link is the postulation of the primary continuum fields such as density and kinetic energy in terms of atomistic quantities using space and probability averaging. In this part, solutions to the flux quantities (stress, couple stress, and heat flux), which arise in the balance laws of linear and angular momentum, and energy are discussed based on the Noll’s lemma. We show especially that the expression for the stress is not unique. Integrals of all the fluxes over space are derived. It is shown that the integral of both the microscopic Noll–Murdoch and Hardy couple stresses (more precisely their potential part) equates to zero. Space integrals of the Hardy and the Noll–Murdoch Cauchy stress are equal and symmetric even though the local Noll–Murdoch Cauchy stress is not symmetric. Integral expression for the linear momentum flux and the explicit heat flux are compared to the virial pressure and the Green–Kubo expression for the heat flux, respectively. It is proven that in the case when the Dirac delta distribution is used as kernel for spatial averaging, the Hardy and the Noll–Murdoch solution for all fluxes coincide. The heat fluxes resulting from both the so-called explicit and implicit approaches are obtained and compared for the localized case. We demonstrate that the spatial averaging of the localized heat flux obtained from the implicit approach does not equate to the expression obtained using a general averaging kernel. In contrast this happens to be true for the linear momentum flux, i.e. the Cauchy stress.
INTERNAÇÃO DE IDOSOS POR CONDIÇÕES SENSÍVEIS À ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA NO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA

Objetivo: analisar a prevalência das Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária (ICSAP) e suas principais causas em idosos segundo as macrorregiões de saúde no Estado de Santa Catarina. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo ecológico descritivo dos dados do Sistema de Internações Hospitalares (SIH – DATASUS), com base, no período de 2008 a 2014. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 262.104 internações. As enfermidades mais frequentes foram a Insuficiência Cardíaca (23,76%), as Doenças Pulmonares (18,89%), Doenças Cerebrovasculares (14,84%), Angina (8,92%) e Diabetes Mellitus (6,75%). As regiões do estado que mais registraram internações foram a Sul (20,33%) e a Oeste (16,55%). Contudo, constatou-se que houve diminuição no número de internações em idosos no período estudado, sugerindo uma boa resolutividade da atenção primária à saúde no Estado. Conclusão: as ICSAP em idosos são relevantes (37,33%) quando comparado ao total de internações feitas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, nessa população, no estado de Santa Catarina.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization and Soil Water Content on Seed and Oil Yield in Perennial Castor in a Mediterranean Environment

Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an oilseed species that can be grown as a semi-perennial in Mediterranean environments, including the coastal areas of Sicily. The present study investigated the optimization of cultivation techniques for castor, with the crop being maintained over a two-year period, through the evaluation of different agronomical inputs in order to increase seed yield. The effects of irrigation (I) and nitrogen fertilization (N) on the seed and oil yield and their components were assessed in castor cultivated in a typical semi-arid environment. Four levels of irrigation (I0, I30, I60, and I100: 0, 30, 60, and 100% of crop evapotranspiration—ETm restoration, respectively) as the main plot and three levels of nitrogen fertilization (N) (0, 60, and 120 kg N ha−1) as the sub-plot were considered. Irrigation mostly affected the number of racemes per plant, the number of capsules per raceme, and the seed weight. The oil content was, on average, 39.2% and 45.6% for the first and second year, respectively. The highest seed yield was obtained by I100N120 treatment (4154.0 kg ha−1); however, the combination of a high soil nitrogen level (N120) and medium water availability (I60) resulted in satisfactory seed and oil yields. The reduction in the irrigation water to an intermediate level could be also an environmentally friendly strategy not significantly affecting yields.