Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study on Extraction Methods of Free and Glycosidically Bound Volatile Compounds from Kaffir Lime Leaves by Solvent Extraction and Solid Phase Extraction

Two extraction methods, solvent extraction and solid phase extraction using Amberlite XAD2 resin, were used to extract free and glycosidically bound volatile compounds from fresh kaffir lime leaves. Better result was obtained with the solvent extraction method. Fifty-four free and thirty-nine glycosidically bound volatile compounds were obtained by solvent extraction method and their odor descriptions related to kaffir lime leaf odors. With the XAD-2 resin, fifty free and ten glycosidically bound volatile compounds were obtained but most of them did not relate to the volatile compounds in kaffir lime leaves. Most of the free and glycosidically bound volatile compounds extracted with XAD2 resin had lower concentration than those extracted with solvent extraction, especially the compounds that gave kaffir lime leaf characteristic odor such as citronellal, β-citronellol, trans-geraniol and transβ-caryophyllene.
Challenges of Financing Small and Medium Enterprises Growth Through Public Equity in South Africa

The article establishes why small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are not listing on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange to raise the much-needed capital to grow. Financing at this stage should transform the firm from small or medium sized to large. Literature from journals, books, theses and dissertations was reviewed and content generated to crystallise the research question and findings. SMEs undergoing rapid growth often lack the capital required to grow into large firms. The Johannesburg Stock Exchange offers capital worth millions of dollars on the Alternative Exchange (AltX) platform, created specifically for SMEs, but the uptake is low. The study found that challenges exist on both the supply and demand sides of public equity finance, and these include high listing costs, lack of marketing and the negative attitude of SMEs towards the bourse. The stock market should package their offering to SMEs at the adolescence growth stage better to entice more of them to list. An understanding of the factors that inhibit listing may contribute to making it easier for more SMEs to access funding and for the bourse to grow. There are limited studies on this form of SME financing and this study contributes to the pool of literature on the subject.
PROFESSIONAL CAPABILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR OPERATIONAL ROLES IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY: THE CASE OF AUSTRALIAN HOSPITALITY GRADUATES

Developing students’ professional capabilities is crucial in meeting industry standards and requirements (Scott, 2016) and to enhance graduates’ employability. Within the Australian hospitality context, there is a current labour shortage (Deloitte Access Economics, 2015), with hospitality employers increasingly demanding highly skilled candidates complete with industry experience (Jackson & Wilton, 2017). To meet industry and student needs, education providers are developing academic units which incorporate industry placements providing opportunities for students to develop their capabilities. Capability development ensures graduates not only possess competencies (skills and knowledge) necessary for them to be work ready, but also the personal, interpersonal and cognitive capabilities necessary for their career development (Scott, 2016). However, studies find that graduates are still lacking the required attributes with capability development considered to be still at a nascent stage (Sissons & Adams, 2013; Weber et al., 2013; Wang & Sai, 2014). Further, even though hospitality managers value operational experience (Walter et al., 2015), the majority of studies focus on entry level management roles (e.g. Sissons & Adams, 2013). Thus, this study investigates the Australian hospitality industry capability requirements for operational roles. An online country-wide quantitative survey was conducted with hospitality employers (n = 125). The study identified that personal and interpersonal capabilities were considered of greater value by employers than cognitive capabilities. To further investigate the number of constructs and structure of each capability, an Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted. These findings are valuable for hospitality curriculum developers, with recommendations for future research related to hospitality student capability development provided.
Diagnostic concordance of abdominal CT scans, Endoscopic Ultrasonography and Fine Needle Puncture Aspiration for solid pancreatic lesions suggestive of malignant neoplasms

1 Associate Professor of Medicine at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Gastroenterologist at Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Chief of Endoscopy Unit at Clinica de Marly in Bogotá, Colombia 2 Assistant Professor of Medicine at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Gastroenterologist and Chief of the Gastroenterology Unit at Hospital Universitario San Ignacio in Bogotá, Colombia 3 Associate Professor in the Department of Internal Medicine at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and Hospital Universitario San Ignacio in Bogotá, Colombia 4 Gastroenterologist at Hospital San Rafael in Bogotá, Colombia 5 Medical student in the Faculty of Medicine at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogotá, Colombia
TOWARDS IDENTIFYING THE MULTILEVEL DETERMINANTS OF SME SUSTAINABILITY PROFILES

A growing interest is noticed among practitioners, as well as researchers, regarding sustainable development (SD) within the small or medium-sized enterprise (SME) context. In order to better understand the latter’s sustainable development commitment, a typology generated by crossing two axes is used: The Socio-Environmental Practices and Entrepreneurial Orientation. A survey was conducted among 330 Quebec (Canada) SMEs. The purpose is to distinguish the four (4) clusters of SMEs: Strategic, Reactive, Activist and Traditionalist. Thus, a crossed-analysis of the contextual, organizational and individual determinants identified in existing literature confirms the roles played by the industrial sector, internationalization, sales figure, sales growth and especially, the importance of belonging to a network that supports SD.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Amazon Mturk

: This paper examines the effect of COVID-19 on experiments run using Amazon MTurk. We run a Bertrand Oligopoly experiment with conversation before and after the pandemic outbreak. The outcome shows that after COVID-19, more participants do not fully engage in the experiment and “cherry-pick” the participation fee. There is a 36.51% decrease in the number of participants who actually participate in conversations and a 31.71% decrease in the number of groups discussing pricing behavior.
Partisanship, Economic Assessments, and Presidential Accountability

: Few issues are more salient for voters or more important in political decision making than economic conditions, and no American public official is more closely associated with the economy than the president. Existing scholarship dis-agrees, however, about how partisan loyalties affect economic evaluations. We study how partisan control of the presidency affects economic perceptions using eight waves of panel data collected around the 2016 presidential election from a national probability sample. We find that although individual-level perceptions are largely stable across time, the change in partisan control of the White House was associated with more positive evaluations among Republicans and more negative evaluations among Democrats. These effects are statistically significant yet substantively modest in magnitude. Our results indicate that partisanship is less strongly associated with economic assessments than some previous scholarship has claimed and suggest more sanguine conclusions about the prospects for presidential accountability even in a partisan era. Verification Materials: The data and materials required to verify the computational reproducibility of the results, pro-cedures, and analyses in this article are available on the American Journal of Political Science Dataverse within the Harvard Dataverse Network, at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/EZNXW1.
Saudi Oncology Society clinical management guideline series. Colorectal cancer 2014

A total 291 cases of stomach cancer were diagnosed in 2010 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia according to the Saudi Cancer Registry data.1 Stomach cancer ranked eleventh among the male and female population. It account for 2.9% of all diagnosed cancers. The overall age standardized rate was 2.7/100,000, with a rate of 3.1/100,000 for males and 2.3/100,000 for females. The median age at diagnosis was 65 years for males (range 4-94 years), and 60 years for females (range 23-100 years). A committee of experts in the medical and surgical treatment of colorectal cancer was established under the supervision of the Saudi Oncology Society (SOS). The evidence adopted in these guidelines is rated at 3 levels: 1) Evidence level (EL)-1 (highest level) evidence from phase III randomized trials or meta-analyses, 2) EL-2 (intermediate-level) evidence from good phase II trials or phase III trials with limitations, and 3) EL-3 (low-level) from retrospective or observational data and/or expert opinion. This easy-to-follow grading system is convenient for the reader and allows accurate assessment of the applicability of the guidelines in individual patients.2 All gastric cancer cases are preferably seen or discussed in a multidisciplinary form.
Evaluation of Rice Genetic Diversity and Variability in a Population Panel by Principal Component Analysis

A population panel of 192 rice genotypes comprising traditional landraces and exotic genotypes from 12 countries was evaluated for 12 agro - morphological traits by principal component analysis for determining the pattern of genetic diversity and relationship among individuals. Twelve quantitative characters i.e. plant height, leaf length, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of filled grains, spikelet fertility, days to 50% flowering; days to harvest maturity, grain length, grain width, grain length width ratio, and single plant yield were measured. The largest variation was observed for number of productive tillers with Coefficient of Variation (CV) of 28.03% followed by number of filled grains per panicle, single plant yield, leaf length , grain length width ratio. Days to maturity has shown the least variation with the CV of 9.74%. Principal component analysis was utilized to examine the variation and to estimate the relative contribution of various traits for total variability. In the current study, Component 1 had the contribution from the traits such as days to 50% flowering, leaf length, plant height, panicle length, days to maturity and number of filled grains which accounted 28.46% of the total variability. Grain width and grain length width ratio has contributed 16.8% of total variability in component 2. The remaining variability of 14.4%, 11.7% and 9.3% was consolidated in component 3, component 4 and component 5 by various traits such as spikelet fertility, single plant yield, grain length and number of productive tillers. The cumulative variance of 80.56% of total variation among 12 characters was explained by the first five axes. Thus the results of principal component analysis used in the study have revealed the high level of genetic variation and the traits contributing for the variation was identified. Hence this population panel can be utilized for trait improvement in breeding programs for the traits contributing for major variation.
A macroergonomic approach to work-family conflict and employee safety

Accidents are unexpected outcomes that result not only from individuals’ behaviors, but also from contextual factors (Krause, 1997). Therefore, unsafe behaviors have to be interpreted according to a combination of what is occurring in the environment and what the individual is doing in that environment. The present study sought to create a more comprehensive model of safety by means of macroergonomics. Macroergonomics utilizes sociotechnical systems theory to posit that a work system is composed of a personnel subsystem (i.e., ways individuals perform tasks), a technological subsystem (i.e., tasks to be performed), and external factors (Hendrick, 2002). Perceived control over work hours, an aspect of the technological subsystem, was examined as an antecedent of work-family conflict. Supervisor instrumental support, an aspect of the personnel subsystem, was examined as a moderator of the relationships between perceived control over work hours and work-family conflict. Supervisor instrumental support was also hypothesized to moderate the relationships between work-family conflict and safety performance. Frone, Russell, and Cooper’s (1992) conceptualized work-family conflict as bidirectional: work-to-family conflict is the interference of the work domain with the family domain and family-to-work conflict is the interference of the family domain with the work domain. The current study is based on the Cullen and Hammer (2007) study in which safety performance was first examined in relation to work-family conflict. Work-family conflict is created by occurrences in the external environment (i.e., the family/nonwork domain) and by occurrences in the work environment. It is consistent with the macroergonomic definition of an external factor because work-family conflict can permeate an organization through individual workers and an organization must be responsive to it in order to be successful and effective (Hendrick, 2002).
PLA films loaded with Achillea millefolium: In vitro antibacterial effects

Antimicrobial packaging as active food packaging represents a suitable packaging form for food in products in particular for foods where microbial contamination occurs primarily at the surface. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most frequently used bio-polymers because of its similarities to conventional polymeric materials used in food packaging, however its use is still limited to short-term packaging applications. This research has been focused on preparation of PLA packaging films modified with bioactive compounds from Achillea millefolium (AM) plant extract as possible active packaging solution. Addition of specific natural compounds could give improvements in mechanical, thermal or barrier properties, as well as the antimicrobial effect with significant impact on prolonging the food shelf-life and its quality and safety. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine chemical and antimicrobial properties of crude AM ethanolic extract and PLA composite films loaded with two concentrations of AM extract expressed in weight percent (2 wt. % and 5 wt. %). The AM ethanolic extract showed very good antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, while PLA films loaded with 5% AM extract showed significant reduction of initial S. aureus after 24 h contact time compared to neat PLA films (up to 90%). PLA films with 2% and 5% AM content did not show any antimicrobial activity against E. coli. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the ethanolic extract was determined considering its phenolic composition. These results indicated promising potential of incorporation of A. millefolium extract in PLA as an antimicrobial agent for food packaging applications.
NUTRITIONAL STUDY ON THE SEEDS AND FRUITS OF THREECUCURBITS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA.

A comparative study was carried out on the nutritional contents of the seeds and fruits of Cucumis melo (L.),Lagenaria breviflora (Benth) and Citrullus lanatus (Thunb). Proximate composition, Vitamin C content and phytochemical analysis of air-dried, powdered epicarp, mesocarp and seeds of the mature fruits were also carried out using standard procedures. Data on nutritional and phytochemical characteristics were collected andsubjected totwo - way analysis of variance (ANOVA)at p<0.05. Means were compared using LSD.Total sugar and vitamins C were detected in the other parts of the fruits except the seeds in the three Cucurbits. Percentage dry matter, fat, ash and crude protein were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the seeds than in the epicarp and mesocarp. Crude fibre was highest in the epicarp for C. melo(1.75 0.13), L. breviflora (1.85 0.07)and C. lanatus (2.18 0.07).
In vitro conservation of Agave spp. germplasm under slow growth conditions

Se desarrolló un sistema de conservación in vitro en condiciones de crecimiento retardado para las especies Agave bracteosa, A. chiapensis, A. nizandensis, A. ornithobroma, A. peacockii, A. titanota y A. victoria reginae, consideradas como amenazadas, y para A. cupreata, A. karwinskii y A. potatorum, explotadas de manera no sostenible para la elaboración de mezcal. El objetivo fue disponer de una herramienta que permita la conservación a mediano plazo de germoplasma de estas especies. Se demostró que la adición de agentes osmóticos al medio de cultivo (manitol o sorbitol 50 g L-1) es capaz de reducir la tasa de crecimiento in vitro de los tejidos, medida como incremento en peso fresco, y prolongar así el tiempo entre subcultivos de 75 d a 10 meses, y sin afectar su viabilidad ni su capacidad de regenerar plantas completas en medios con citocininas y sin los agentes osmóticos. Se obtuvieron eficiencias de regeneración de entre 5.8 y 20.6 brotes por explante en tejidos conservados durante 10 meses con la adición de agentes osmóticos. Los brotes generados formaron raíces y se adaptaron a suelo con eficiencias de 92 y 80 % en promedio, respectivamente. Se concluye que con este sistema es posible establecer a mediano plazo bancos de germoplasma in vitro que contribuyan a la conservación y uso racional de estas especies.
Challenging the Spodoptera exigua Immune System With Symbiotic Bacteria: A Comparison of Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus luminescens

Abstract Xenorhabdus nematophila and Photorhabdus luminescens are entomopathogenic bacteria that have mutualistic relationships with their respective nematode hosts, Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser (Rhabditid: Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditidae: Heterorhabditidae). These symbiotic bacteria are delivered into insect hemocoel by nematodes and rapidly activate the immune system of their target species. We show here that both these bacteria influence cellular and humoral defenses in fifth instar larvae of Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Larvae treated with both bacterial species possessed a higher number of hemocytes than either negative controls at initial hour post-injection (hpi) although both the frequency of hemocytes and granulocytes decreased. Results show that at times between 12 and 16 hpi the densities of both fell below the level of the negative control. The hemocyte population also fell below that seen in the negative control in larvae containing heat-killed bacteria, while nodule formation was observed in cases of both live and heat-killed bacterial treatments. We also show that the abilities of live symbiotic bacteria to influence a decrease in nodule formation were higher than was the case for their heat-killed counterparts and that no nodules formed during negative control treatment. Data show that both live and heat-killed symbiotic bacteria initially activated a range of insect defensive enzymes (including protease, phospholipase A2 [PLA2], and phenoloxidase [PO]) post-injection compared with the negative control but that their activation levels fluctuated in different ways. The results of this analysis show that attacin, cecropin, and spodoptericin were upregulated by the injection of live symbiotic bacteria; the expression levels of these proteins were higher than in both normal larvae (noninjected) and negative control treatments. We show that attacin and cecropin expression rates due to live P. luminescens treatments were less than was the case for live X. nematophila treatment while the expression of spodoptericin was reversed. Results indicate that the ability of P. luminescens to suppress cellular reactions, including the expression of attacin and cecropin, is higher than is the case for X. nematophila. The results of this study provide new insights into the roles of P. luminescens and X. nematophila in countering insect physiological defenses.
Assessing the Impact of Core Banking and Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (A case of Bishofftu Branch)

This research project focuses on identifying the impacts of core banking and service quality on customer satisfaction in commercial bank of Ethiopia Bishoftu branch. The main objective of this project is to assess the impact of core banking and services quality on customer satisfaction in commercial bank of Ethiopia. A sample of 220 customers was selected using stratified sampling technique, and among these 200 was considered. For the purpose of the study primary data were collected using likert scale based questionnaire. And the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The result of this study shows that, there was significant relationship between all service quality dimension and customer satisfaction in commercial bank of Ethiopia. At the same time, there was significant relationship between core banking and customer satisfaction. The three service quality dimension (reliability, assurance, empathy) have positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction at the bank. However, the rest two dimensions (responsiveness and tangibility) have no impact on customer satisfaction Core banking also have positive and significant impact on customer satisfaction. Based on these, it is recommended that the bank should work more on the two service quality dimension (reliability and empathy) to enhance customer satisfaction.
Effect of Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DiEGME) and Triethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (TriEGME) on Microbial Contaminants in Aviation Fuel

Abstract : Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DiEGME) is widely used in military aircraft to inhibit both fuel system icing and microbial growth. However, due to the deleterious effects of the additive, the RTOC program was conducted to determine if it is possible to replace DiEGME in military aircraft fuel. The study presented here was performed in support of this program, which was designed to investigate the possible mission impact of replacing DiEGME with TriEGME. The current study was confined to the impact upon the biocidal/biostatic properties of the proposed additive. This study suggests that similar amounts of DiEGME and TriEGME are needed to retain biocidal/biostatic effectiveness, and that the substitution of TriEGME for DiEGME will result in equivalent protection from microbial contaminants.
A Discourse Perspective of Topic-prominence in Chinese EFL Learners’ Interlanguage

The present study aims to investigate the general characteristics of topic-prominent typological interlanguage development of Chinese learners of English in terms of acquiring subject-prominent English structures from the discourse perspective. We have selected as the research target “topic chain” which is the main topic-prominent structure in Chinese discourse and “zero anaphora” which is the most common topic anaphor of topic chain. Topic structures mainly appear in Chinese discourse in the form of “topic chain” (Wang, 2002; 2004). Actually, in the event of a topic chain, research on topic structures should go into the typical range of discourse. Two important findings were yielded by the present study. First, the characteristics of Chinese topic chain are transferrable to the interlanguage of Chinese EFL learners, thus resulting in overgeneralization of zero anaphora; second, interlanguage discourse of Chinese EFL learners reflects the characteristics of a second language acquisition process from topic-prominence to subject-prominence, thus lending support to the discourse transfer hypothesis.