Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rationalization of stereoselectivity in enzyme reactions

Enzymes are responsible for more than 5,000 different types of biochemical reactions. Enzymes speed up various chemical reactions in cell that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. The ability to discriminate between optical isomers is vital for living systems. The selective formation of only one product stereoisomer from achiral substrates is one of the most sophisticated tasks for enzymes. Because of the importance of stereoselectivity in biology, the structural and mechanistic basis underlying these phenomena has become the subject of intensive research. Enzymatic reactions provide the basis of cellular biochemistry and typically display high stereoselectivity. With the advances of enzyme engineering, in vitro evolution and, especially, computational rational design, scientists start to provide various methods and tools to manipulate the stereoselective properties of enzymes. To gain an insightful view of stereoselectivity in enzyme reactions, we present an extensive discussion on the latest progresses in this area.
The Relationship of the Posterior Cranial Fossa with Age and Sex

This paper determined the morphometric measurements of posterior cranial fossa using MRI in Turkish healthy population. Two hundred thirty one (231; 131 females and 100 males) subjects ranging from 20 up to 85 years were included in th is study. Measurements of the posterior cranial fossa were taken from subjects having brain MRI in the Radiology Department, Adana , Turkey. Statistical analysis were done by SPSS 21.00 package programme. ANOVA Test and Chi-Square Test were used to determine t he relation between measurements and age groups. The p<0.05 value was considered as significant. The overall means and standard de viations of the measurements were: Clivus length,31.10 ±5.45 mm; McRae line, 32.59 ±3.89 mm; Supraocciput length,41.99 ±4.37 mm; Twining line, 79.23±5.53 mm; Posterior cranial fossa height, 66.76 ±5.06 mm; Cerebellum height, 55.17 ±5.29 mm; Clival angle, 125.59 °±6.57°; Cerebellar tentorium angle, 128.30 °±7.77° mm, Occipital protuberance angle, 93.27 °±8.02° and hindbrain vertical length, 50.56 ±3.47 mmin females, respectively, whereas the corresponding values were 32.43 ±5.99 mm; 32.85 ±3.77 mm; 42.46 ±4.68 mm; 80.95 ±5.94 mm; 69.70±4.67mm; 57.01 ±3.43 mm; 123.90 °±7.12° 128.80±8.33°; 95.35±9.19° and 52.71±3.33 mm in males, respectively. Significant difference was found in some parameters such as twining line, posterior cranial fossa height, cerebellum height and hindbrain v ertical length between sex (p<0.05). Also, ages were divided into six groups as decades. Significant difference between six decades was also found in parameters including McRae line, twining line, posterior cranial fossa height, cerebellum height, clival angle, cerebe l ar tentorium angle, occipital tuberance angle and hindbrain vertical length (p<0.05). The posterior cranial fossa dimensions of healthy popu l tion provides important and useful knowledge in terms of comparison of abnormalities clinically, and data can be used as an anatomic al landmark during surgery involving posterior cranial fossa.
Skin Lesion Classification Based on Surface Fractal Dimensions and Statistical Color Cluster Features Using an Ensemble of Machine Learning Techniques

Simple Summary This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of implementation of novel skin surface fractal dimension features as an auxiliary diagnostic method for melanoma recognition. We therefore examined the skin lesion classification accuracy of the kNN-CV algorithm and of the proposed Radial basis function neural network model. We found an increased accuracy of classification when the fractal analysis is added to the classical color distribution analysis. Our results indicate that by using a reliable classifier, more opportunities exist to detect timely cancerous skin lesions. Abstract (1) Background: An approach for skin cancer recognition and classification by implementation of a novel combination of features and two classifiers, as an auxiliary diagnostic method, is proposed. (2) Methods: The predictions are made by k-nearest neighbor with a 5-fold cross validation algorithm and a neural network model to assist dermatologists in the diagnosis of cancerous skin lesions. As a main contribution, this work proposes a descriptor that combines skin surface fractal dimension and relevant color area features for skin lesion classification purposes. The surface fractal dimension is computed using a 2D generalization of Higuchi’s method. A clustering method allows for the selection of the relevant color distribution in skin lesion images by determining the average percentage of color areas within the nevi and melanoma lesion areas. In a classification stage, the Higuchi fractal dimensions (HFDs) and the color features are classified, separately, using a kNN-CV algorithm. In addition, these features are prototypes for a Radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) classifier. The efficiency of our algorithms was verified by utilizing images belonging to the 7-Point, Med-Node, and PH2 databases; (3) Results: Experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed RBFNN model in skin cancer classification is 95.42% for 7-Point, 94.71% for Med-Node, and 94.88% for PH2, which are all significantly better than that of the kNN algorithm. (4) Conclusions: 2D Higuchi’s surface fractal features have not been previously used for skin lesion classification purpose. We used fractal features further correlated to color features to create a RBFNN classifier that provides high accuracies of classification.
Therapeutic STING activation boosts microglia phagocytosis and ameliorates depression-like behaviors during chronic restraint stress

Background The STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway involves in modulating host innate immunity, however, the potential role of STING signaling pathway in chronic restraint stress model has not been determined. The aim of this study is to explore the underlying role of STING signaling pathway in regulating neuroinflammation, as well as to evaluate the therapeutic potential of STING agonist during chronic restraint stress. Methods C57BL/6 mice were subject to 14-day intermittent restraint stress. Sucrose preference, elevated plus maze and tail suspension tests were measured in chronic restraint stress mice. Expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines were tested by QT-PCR and Luminex cytokine assays. The fluorescence-labeled latex beads, flow cytometry and CD68 positive cell counts were utilized to evaluate phagocytic abilities of microglia. Then, the ability of intracerebroventricular injection of STING agonist, 2’3-cGAMP, to reverse the depression-like behaviors and inflammatory cytokines was examined. Results We found that the expression levels of STING, p-TBK1, and p-IRF3 were remarkably decreased in chronic restraint stress mice, which was associated with decreased IFN-β secretion. Moreover, the STING agonist, 2’3-cGAMP, significantly alleviated the neuroinflammation and ameliorated depression-like behavior which depends on the functional STING activation. Furthermore, 2’3-cGAMP promoted microglia phagocytosis through cGAMP-STING-dependent IFN-β release, which was essential for recovery from neuroinflammation during chronic restraint stress. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that STING signaling pathway is a critical mediator in regulating microglia phagocytosis and may serve as a novel therapeutic target for chronic stress-related psychiatric diseases.
133. Ceftriaxone-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in Korean children

Abstract Background Haemophilus influenzae is known to develop resistance to β-lactam antibiotics by either producing β-lactamase or modifying structure of penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP3) by ftsI gene mutation. Since 2017, H. influenzae with ceftriaxone resistance has been continuously appearing in our hospital, and the genotypic characteristics of these strains was analyzed. Methods Among a total of 69 H. influenzae isolated from the patients who admitted to Asan Medical Center Children’s Hospital from March 2014 to April 2019, 23 isolates resistant to ceftriaxone by EUCAST disk diffusion method were included. The ceftriaxone MIC was checked again with the E-test and ceftriaxone MIC ≤ 0.125 mg/L were categorized as susceptible. As test for β-lactamase production, the cefinase test and PCR amplification for blaTEM-1 and blaROB-1 were performed. The sequencing of the ftsI encoding PBP3 amplified by PCR was performed, and amino acid sequences were compared with H. influenzae Rd KW20. Results Among total 23 ceftriaxone-resistant isolates by disk diffusion method, 21 isolates restored for further molecular characterization were included, and 19% (4/21) were reported as susceptible by E-test. Among the 21 ceftriaxone-resistant isolates, 76.2% (16/21) were non-susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate, and one of them were resistant to meropenem. The prevalence of b-lactamase-producers was 57.1% (12/21), all of which were positive for blaTEM-1. For ftsI gene sequencing, either R517H or N526K amino acid substitution was observed, and none had both. The number of isolates having S385T was 17, of which 15 isolates accompanied with both M377I and L389F. The median ceftriaxone MIC of 3 isolates with only N526K was 0.012 ug/ml (range 0.008-0.125 ug/ml), and 12 isolates with N526K, M377I, S385T, and L389F was 0.19 ug/ml (0.19-0.25 ug/ml). Lastly, the three isolates with R517H, M377I, S385T, and L389F showed the highest median ceftriaxone MIC with 0.25 ug/ml (0.19-0.75 ug/ml). Conclusion Ceftriaxone-resistant H. influenzae isolates in Korea seems to be related to the combination of R517H, M377I, S385T, and L389F by ftsI gene mutation. Although clinical concerns about treatment failure may be low, continuous monitoring of the emergence of highly resistant strains is necessary. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.
Instagram

The aim of this work is to analyze the social network Instagram as a means of disseminating health education information, especially knowledge and awareness about pandemics and epidemics, which is the objective of the extension project carried out by students from the 4th period of Veterinary Medicine at the State University of Goiás (UEG). The project's methodology consisted of creating an Instagram profile and disseminating content in the form of folders and videos. The data obtained through the professional dashboard, which, among other things, provides information on the number of comments, shares, likes, views and reach of each post, as well as the most popular gender and age group, makes it possible to target posts and measure the coverage of the information published. The fact that the general public has become very fond of Instagram and the various tools the app has at its disposal not only makes it easier to disseminate content
Problematic Internet Use through Smartphones among School Adolescents in Sohag City, Egypt

Background: Smartphone ownership had a significant association with problematic use of the internet and internet addiction. Objective: to determine the prevalence of problematic internet use (PIU) through smartphone among adolescents and describe the sociodemographic characteristics affecting it as well as the effect of misuse on family and peer relations. Method: An analytic crosssectional study was carried out on 454 preparatory and secondary private school students in Sohag City, Egypt. Internet Addiction Test (IAT) was used to measure the internet use. Results: PIU was reported in 52.4% of students whereas internet addiction (IA) occurred in 4% of the students. The mean score of IAT was significantly higher among males than females (54.7±16.9 versus 49.9±15.4 respectively, P= 0.002). Social media activities were significantly higher among males (88.0%) whereas educational internet activities were significantly higher among females (75.2%). PIU and IA through smartphone were significantly higher among adolescents whom fathers were highly educated (56.0% & 5.6% respectively) and among adolescents who had internet access at home (81.9% & 88.9% respectively). Bad/neutral relations with family members were significantly higher among those with PIU and IA (61.3 & 7.5% respectively). Conclusion and recommendations: PIU through smartphones is prevalent among adolescents; males are more involved especially in social media activities. The PIU is significantly higher when internet access is available at home and among those whom fathers are highly educated. Bad family relationship is significantly higher among adolescents with PIU and IA. Interactive and media awareness programs and parents control with restriction of smartphone use among adolescents are required.
Electronic and magnetic properties of V- and Cr-doped zinc-blende AlN

The electronic and magnetic properties of the zinc-blende aluminum nitride doped with V and Cr are studied using the density functional theory (DFT), namely the KKR-CPA-PBE method. Pure AlN is found to be a wide band gap semiconductor, and doping V and Cr single impurities generate ferromagnetic half-metallic behavior. Moreover, the values of the formation energy reveal that these compounds are stable systems for all dopant concentrations. A self-consistent energy minimization scheme determines the ferromagnetic state as the stable magnetic state for V- and Cr-doping AlN. A double exchange mechanism is identified as the mechanism responsible for magnetism in our systems. When increasing doping impurities, the total magnetic moments increase linearly and the Curie temperature T C , calculated using the mean-field approximation, shows a significant change. The present findings reveal Cr- and V-doped zinc-blende AlN as potential candidates for high Curie temperature ferromagnetic materials.
Time‐dependent cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete bridge columns under chlorides‐induced corrosion and rebars buckling

This study presents the results of a refined numerical investigation meant at understanding the time‐dependent cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns under chlorides‐induced corrosion. The chloride ingress in the cross‐section of the bridge column is simulated, taking into account the effects of temperature, humidity, aging, and corrosion‐induced cover cracking. Once the partial differential equations governing such multiphysics problem are solved through the finite‐element method, the loss of reinforcement steel bars cross‐section is calculated based on the estimated corrosion current density. The nonlinear cyclic response of the RC bridge column under corrosion is, thus, determined by discretizing its cross‐sections into several unidirectional fibers. In particular, the nonlinear modeling of the corroded longitudinal rebars exploits a novel proposal for the estimation of the ultimate strain in tension and also accounts for buckling under compression. A parametric numerical study is finally conducted for a real case study to unfold the role of corrosion pattern and buckling mode of the longitudinal rebars on the time variation of capacity and ductility of RC bridge columns.
A theory of nuclear disarmament: Cases, analogies, and the role of the non-proliferation regime

ABSTRACT What might prompt a nuclear-armed state to give up its arsenal? Nuclear disarmament has provided a nominally shared goal for virtually all the world’s states for decades, yet surprisingly little effort has been devoted to systematically theorizing its drivers. This article aims to begin filling this void. I proceed in three steps. First, I discuss the conceptual, material, and ideational features of renunciation to arrive at a rudimentary understanding of what, fundamentally, nuclear disarmament as a political process involves. Second, I scope out the empirical evidence on which a general theory of nuclear renunciation might be based. Third, synthesizing the dominant explanations for the cases discussed in the second part, I outline a basic account of nuclear relinquishment and discuss the compatibility of this account with common assumptions about disarmament practice. I conclude that the best evidence available suggests that adversarial politics and stigmatization are necessary conditions for renunciation.
Role of Three Dimensional Doppler Ultrasonography And Leukemia Inhibitory Factor From Endometrial Secretion In Predicting Clinical Pregnancy In IVF Treatment

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the potential synergistic role of three-dimensional power Doppler angiography ultrasound and the expression of Leukemia Inhibitory factor (LIF) protein in predicting the endometrial receptivity of fresh In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) cycles. Materials and methods This prospective study involved 29 good prognosis women who underwent fresh IVF cycles with fresh blastocysts transfer. Serial measurements of sub-endometrial parameters via power Doppler angiography including vascularity index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization flow index (VFI) were conducted consecutively on the day of oocyte maturation trigger, ovum pick-up, and blastocyst transfer. Aspiration of endometrial secretion was performed on the day of embryo transfer. ResultsAfter performing multiple logistic regression analyses, the mean index of VI on the trigger day and LIF protein concentration at the window of implantation was significantly higher in clinically pregnant women than that of the non-pregnant women (p <0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of LIF concentration was shown to have a powerful predictive value to forecast clinical pregnancy (0.884, p <0.05), with a cut-off value of 713 pg/mL. Likewise, VI index on the trigger day was adequate to become a predictor for the pregnancy event (AUC 0.803, the cut-off value >5.381, p<0.05). A combination of both variables utilizing the cut-off value was adequate for the differentiation of pregnant and non-pregnant cases (p <0.05). ConclusionVI index assessed on trigger day and the expression of LIF protein concentration at the window of implantation provided sufficient information to predict endometrial receptivity.
The Role of Small Lowland Patches of Exotic Forests as Refuges of Rare Endemic Azorean Arthropods

Islands have been disproportionately affected by the current biodiversity crisis. In island biotas, one of the most recurrent anthropic alterations is species introduction. Invasion of exotic species may represent a major threat for island biotas, because invasive species may change species composition and simplify community dynamics. We investigated diversity patterns of native and introduced species in native and exotic forests of Terceira Island (Azores, Portugal) by using diversity profiles based on Hill numbers. Use of diversity profiles allows for a complete characterization of the community diversity because they combine information on species richness, rarity, and dominance. We found that native forest remnants are crucial for the maintenance of endemic Azorean arthropod diversity. However, we also found that some lowland patches of exotic forests can sustain populations of rare endemic species. Our findings reinforce the importance of the few and small remnants of native forests, which are a pillar to the conservation of Azorean endemic arthropods. However, areas occupied by exotic forests, whether they are large and contiguous or small and isolated, close to native forests, or embedded in a matrix of agriculture activities, can also play a role in the conservation of native species, including endemics.
Tracking Twin Boundary Jerky Motion at Nanometer and Microsecond Scales

The jerky motion of twin boundaries in the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni‐Mn‐Ga is studied by simultaneous measurements of stress and magnetic emissions (ME). A careful design of the experimental conditions results in an approximately linear relationship between the measured ME voltage and the nm‐scale volumes exhibiting twinning transformation during microsecond‐scale abrupt “avalanche” events. This study shows that the same distributions of ME avalanches, related to features of jerky twin boundary motion, are found both during and between stress drop events. Maximum likelihood analysis of statistical distributions of several variables reveals a good fit to power laws truncated by exponential functions. Interestingly, the characteristic cutoffs described by the exponential functions are in the middle of the distribution range. Further, the cutoff values can be related to the physical characteristics of the studied problem. Particularly, the cutoff of amplitudes of ME avalanches matches the value predicted by high rate magnetic pulse tests performed under much larger driving force values. This observation implies that avalanches during slow rate twin boundary motion and velocity changes observed by high rate tests represent the same behavior and can be described by the same theory.
The Antarctic ozone hole during 2017

We review the 2017 Antarctic ozone hole, making use of various meteorological reanalyses, and in-situ, satellite and ground-based measurements of ozone and related trace gases, and ground-based measurements of ultraviolet radiation. The 2017 ozone hole was associated with relatively high-ozone concentrations over the Antarctic region compared to other years, and our analysis ranked it in the smallest 25% of observed ozone holes in terms of size. The severity of stratospheric ozone loss was comparable with that which occurred in 2002 (when the stratospheric vortex exhibited an unprecedented major warming) and most years prior to 1989 (which were early in the development of the ozone hole). Disturbances to the polar vortex in August and September that were associated with intervals of anomalous planetary wave activity resulted in significant erosion of the polar vortex and the mitigation of the overall level of ozone depletion. The enhanced wave activity was favoured by below-average westerly winds at high southern latitudes during winter, and the prevailing easterly phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). Using proxy information on the chemical make-up of the polar vortex based on the analysis of nitrous oxide and the likely influence of the QBO, we suggest that the concentration of inorganic chlorine, which plays a key role in ozone loss, was likely similar to that in 2014 and 2016, when the ozone hole was larger than that in 2017. Finally, we found that the overall severity of Antarctic ozone loss in 2017 was largely dictated by the timing of the disturbances to the polar vortex rather than interannual variability in the level of inorganic chlorine.
Nutritional Status with Infant Motor Development

Children under the age of five (toddler) Indonesia experience nerve development and brain disorders ranging from mild to severe. Every 2 out of 1,000 babies experience motor development disorders. Factors affecting motor development in toddlers, such as hereditary, prenatal environment, postnatal environment. Nutritional status plays an important role in motor development. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of nutritional status with the development of coarse motor toddler This research is an analytical survey research with cross sectional approach. Sampling techniques used are total sampling. Sample as much as 60 toddlers. This data is collected using checklist and observation sheets. Hypothesis test using Chi square correlation analysis. Data analysis results show the value of P value (0.000) < α (0.05) which means there is a significant relationship as well as the relation of relationships belonging to the strong category with the frequency value of the coefficient of (0.625). In conclusion there is a relationship of nutritional status with the infant motor development, and the relationship of these two variables is significant.