Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approach to the Treatment of Patients with Serious Multidrug‐Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections

Multidrug resistance(MDR) among Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) isolates presents a significant clinical challenge and can substantially complicate the approach to selection of optimal antibiotic therapy. This review addresses major considerations in antibiotic selection for patients with suspected or documented serious MDR‐PSA infections. Common mechanisms contributing to MDR among clinical PSA isolates are summarized. Empiric and definitive therapy considerations are addressed including the potential role of combination therapy. Newer agents with in vitro activity against MDR‐PSA (e.g., ceftolozane‐tazobactam, ceftazidime‐avibactam, imipenem‐relebactam, and cefiderocol) and their potential roles in clinical settings are discussed. Although these newer agents are promising options for the treatment of MDR‐PSA, clinical data remain generally limited. Future studies are needed to determine optimal agents for the empiric and definitive treatment of MDR‐PSA.
Evaluation of interactive effects between paternal alcohol consumption and paternal socioeconomic status and environmental exposures on congenital heart defects

While the maternal risk factors on congenital heart defects (CHDs) have often been assessed, paternal contribution to CHDs, especially the joint effects of paternal risk factors on CHDs remain unknown. This study examined the major impacts of paternal alcohol consumption and its interaction (on multiplicative and additive scales) with paternal socioeconomic status (SES) and environmental exposures on CHDs in China.
Acute impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on phenomenological features in fully or partially remitted patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

sage and video chat. Nowadays, the use of advanced Internet technology expands the variety of online platforms in delivering counseling services, including instant messaging and videoconferencing. Online communication platforms also give clients a sense of security to share sensitive information during counseling sessions. Young people may be more willing to explore and address topics that they feel ashamed to talk about in real-life settings. It is expected that online counseling can reach a much wider user community, including those who feel uncomfortable meeting in person, for mental illness prevention. Nevertheless, the anonymity and convenience of online counseling, which have been conventionally considered appealing to clients, were not significant factors motivating students to use online counseling services. Distressed students who perceived their previous counseling experience as effective would be more likely to use online counseling services. Instead of benefits and channels of online counseling, distressed students were more concerned about the effectiveness of counseling, compared to those without mental distress. With a successful counseling experience, distressed students may feel more comfortable to try online services. In fact, some previous studies have shown the effectiveness of online counseling. For instance, it was found that young people who engaged and intervened online had a significant alleviation in emotional distress and social withdrawal symptoms. Another study has also demonstrated that online counseling reduced suicidal thinking among medical students. This information may further encourage distressed students to use online counseling services. While more students are willing to utilize online counseling services, it is meaningful to advocate online counseling so it can be incorporated when developing student-centered support programs. In fact, some nongovernmental organizations have pioneered providing online counseling services in Hong Kong. Practitioners will inevitably encounter new technological challenges and ethical issues. Further research is needed to consolidate the experience and steer the counseling field in new directions. As the demand of mental health services has been growing in Hong Kong, online counseling will be a new alternative to meeting mental health needs in the future.
AI and the FCI: Can ChatGPT Project an Understanding of Introductory Physics?

ChatGPT is a groundbreaking ``chatbot"--an AI interface built on a large language model that was trained on an enormous corpus of human text to emulate human conversation. Beyond its ability to converse in a plausible way, it has attracted attention for its ability to competently answer questions from the bar exam and from MBA coursework, and to provide useful assistance in writing computer code. These apparent abilities have prompted discussion of ChatGPT as both a threat to the integrity of higher education and conversely as a powerful teaching tool. In this work we present a preliminary analysis of how two versions of ChatGPT (ChatGPT3.5 and ChatGPT4) fare in the field of first-semester university physics, using a modified version of the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) to assess whether it can give correct responses to conceptual physics questions about kinematics and Newtonian dynamics. We demonstrate that, by some measures, ChatGPT3.5 can match or exceed the median performance of a university student who has completed one semester of college physics, though its performance is notably uneven and the results are nuanced. By these same measures, we find that ChatGPT4's performance is approaching the point of being indistinguishable from that of an expert physicist when it comes to introductory mechanics topics. After the completion of our work we became aware of Ref [1], which preceded us to publication and which completes an extensive analysis of the abilities of ChatGPT3.5 in a physics class, including a different modified version of the FCI. We view this work as confirming that portion of their results, and extending the analysis to ChatGPT4, which shows rapid and notable improvement in most, but not all respects.
Levers for Change and Unexpected Outcomes of a Participatory Research Partnership: Toward Fostering Older adults' Social Participation to Promote Health Equity.

Promoting health equity in aging requires ensuring older adults' effective access to community-based services fostering their social participation. This study aimed to (a) identify levers for change in community-based services to foster older adults' social participation and (b) explore unexpected outcomes of stakeholder engagement. Based in a large Canadian city, a critical participatory research partnership was formed in a district experiencing considerable health disparities. Four focus groups and seven individual interviews were followed by a collaborative workshop with 28 community stakeholders. Participants identified mainly systemic and organizational levers for change. These levers comprised changing performance indicators and the institutional culture of homecare to value services fostering social participation opportunities. Other levers included supporting individual change agency through participatory research involving community members. Stakeholder engagement led to five unexpected outcomes: "Marking a new beginning," "Expressing ourselves," "Feeling better," "Working together," and "Influencing the community. " Recognizing levers for change is essential to understand how to develop services fostering social participation to promote health equity, with whom and in which contexts.
COVID‐19 and olfactory dysfunction: A possible associative approach towards neurodegenerative diseases

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the agent of novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19), has kept the globe in disquiets due to its severe life‐threatening conditions. The most common symptoms of COVID‐19 are fever, sore throat, and shortness of breath. According to the anecdotal reports from the health care workers, it has been suggested that the virus could reach the brain and can cause anosmia, hyposmia, hypogeusia, and hypopsia. Once the SARS‐CoV‐2 has entered the central nervous system (CNS), it can either exit in an inactive form in the tissues or may lead to neuroinflammation. Here, we aim to discuss the chronic infection of the olfactory bulb region of the brain by SARS‐CoV‐2 and how this could affect the nearby residing neurons in the host. We further review the probable cellular mechanism and activation of the microglia 1 phenotype possibly leading to various neurodegenerative disorders. In conclusion, SARS‐CoV‐2 might probably infect the olfactory bulb neuron enervating the nasal epithelium accessing the CNS and might cause neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
Enzyme Immunoassay of Hormones

Whereas radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been applied almost exclusively in endocrinology during the first 10 years after its development, enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has found immediate application in many disciplines. Only a few of the early EIA reports described assays for hormones : human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) [26], insulin [12], and oestrogens [27]. Subsequently, reports on EIAs for the following hormones have been published: Protein hormones: insulin [lo, 13, 15, 161, HCG [28, 311, human placental lactogen (HPL) [3, 4, 22, 251, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) [17]. Steroid hormones: oestrogens [4, 8, 19, 25, 29, 301, progesterone [7, 9, 121, cortisol [6, 201, testosterone [5, 231. Thyroid hormones: thyroxin (T4) [ l l , 241. All assays described were of the heterogeneous type, except those for T, [ l l , 241. Nearly all of the heterogeneous hormone EIAs were of the competitive type; sandwich assays were described for HCG [28] and HPL [22] and ‘immunoenzymonetric’ assays for HCG [28, 311. Various enzymes were used as labels: horseradish peroxidase (HRP) [3-5, 12, 15, 19, 22, 35-31], alkaline phosphatase [16, 17, 201, glucoamylase [ 10, 231, p-galactosidase [&9, 13, 141 and malate dehydrogenase [ l l , 241. In our opinion, the variation in hormones assayed, in assay techniques and in enzymes used demonstrates that EIA can in principle be used for measuring any hormone, although practical problems, such as the sensitivity of a given EIA system, may sometimes be limiting. In addition, a hormone EIA will not pose many methodological problems that are not encountered when using EIAs for other substances. The problems usually encountered will be of a general nature (for example, specificity, accuracy) and apply to all immunoassays rather than being typical of EIA. In this contribution we shall assess the present state of the art of EIA as a tool in endocrinology, drawing on our personal experience with EIA of HCG, HPL, oestrogens and testosterone, as well as on the literature. We shall refrain from dealing with homogeneous EIA, because of lack of personal experience with this type of EIA and because of its inherent limitations (for example, molecular weight of the substance to be assayed and, possibly, sensitivity).
Unmasking Static Correlation Error in Hybrid Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory.

To uncover the way hybrid Hartree-Fock exchange brings static correlation error into Kohn-Sham density functional theory, we compared the potential energy curves of four diatomic molecules, namely H2, F2, HF, and NaF, using restricted and unrestricted Kohn-Sham theory. We found that increasing the percentage of Hartree-Fock exchange significantly increases the static correlation error because Hartree-Fock exchange replaces the ability of local-exchange density functionals to account for the localization effects associated with static correlation.
Coping Strategies Adopted by Women Who Experienced Intimate Partner Violence in the Context of Social Norms in Rural Areas in Zimbabwe

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has detrimental effects on the welfare of women. Research on the coping strategies employed by rural women in Zimbabwe is notably lacking, despite the fact that the majority of Zimbabwean women reside in rural areas. Therefore, this study sought to explore the strategies that women in rural areas used to manage and cope with IPV. The study adopted a qualitative research approach, and participants were recruited through the purposive sampling method in Chimanimani Rural District, Eastern Highlands, Zimbabwe. Face-to-face interviews using a narrative approach were conducted with 25 women between 19 and 49 years and seven key informants. The 25 women consisted of women who had left abusive relationships and were selected on the basis that they should have experienced IPV in their former relationships. Current IPV victims were excluded from the study. All the interviews were recorded, with participants’ consent, to avoid loss of data. Data was analyzed by the author and an additional independent data analyst using thematic analysis. Findings from this study revealed that social norms influenced participants’ covert coping behavior, which include acceptance of abuse and prayer. There is need to strengthen the existing coping strategies that are utilized by women as these could be the starting point for intervention efforts. This is important as it enables practitioners to develop context-specific and context-driven intervention strategies that will effectively serve the victims in their distinctive situation(s).
Inhibition of post-termination ribosome recycling at premature termination codons in UPF1 ATPase mutants

Recognition and rapid degradation of mRNA harboring premature translation termination codons (PTCs) serves to protect cells from accumulating non-functional and potentially toxic truncated polypeptides. Targeting of PTC-containing transcripts is mediated by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway and requires a conserved set of proteins including UPF1, an RNA helicase whose ATPase activity is essential for NMD. Previously, we identified a functional interaction between the NMD machinery and terminating ribosomes based on 3’ RNA decay fragments that accrue in UPF1 ATPase mutants. Herein, we show that those decay intermediates originate downstream of the PTC and harbor 80S ribosomes that migrate into the mRNA 3’ UTR independent of canonical translation. Accumulation of 3’ RNA decay fragments is determined by both RNA sequence downstream of the PTC and the inactivating mutation within the active site of UPF1. Our data reveal a failure in post-termination ribosome recycling in UPF1 ATPase mutants.
Rapid Screening of In-Vitro Regenerated Plantlets of Four Nigerian Cowpea Varieties to Artificially-Inoculated Fungal Wilt Pathogen

Tissue culture technique provides a rapid means of studying plant-pathogen interaction in a controlled environment with further advantage of saving time and resources. Embryonic axes of three local cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) varieties (Oloyin, Ife-Brown and Erusu) and one elite line IT86D-1010 were cultured in-vitro and plantlets challenged with spore inoculum of Fusarium wilt pathogen – Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum in order to determine the response of the plantlets to the pathogen infestation. A solid MS medium amended with growth hormone, benzylaminopurine BAP at 1, 2, and 3 mg BAP/L was used for shoot induction. Mean disease severity score of 4.9 was recorded for Oloyin variety. There was no significant difference between the response of Ife-Brown cowpea variety and IT86D-1010 to Fusarium wilt pathogen. Least disease severity score of 2.9 was recorded for Erusu variety. Erusu was also consistently low in disease incidence and severity all through the assessment period. It was suggested that local Erusu variety be screened on the field for confirmation of this in-vitro observation. Keywords: cowpea, in-vitro regeneration, hormones, Fusarium wilt, protocols Nig J. Biotech . Vol. 25 (2013) 12-17
Differentiation studies of predominant lactic acid bacteria isolated during growol fermentation by using polyphasic taxonomic characterization

Twelve isolates known as weakly amylolytic lactic acid bacteria were isolated from different time during growol fermentation, a cassava based product from Indonesia. Differentiation tests of these strains were performed using molecular and phenotypic characterization. 16S subunit of the ribosomal RNA and phenylalanyl tRNA synthase (pheS) gene sequences of all isolates showed similarity with Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum NBRC 15891 as a reference strain. But many isolates revealed different pattern of template DNA and carbohydrate fermentation profile which determined employing random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and API 50 CHL analysis, respectively. This result allowed three groups of isolates belonging to the species L. plantarum , to be distinguished. The comparative methods of identification showed considerable genome variation between lactic acid bacteria isolated from different time of fermentation, thus, becoming useful information for using the isolates as starter culture. Key words : Growol, lactic acid bacteria, polyphasic taxonomic.
Nitrogen availability and mycorrhizal colonization influence water use efficiency and carbon isotope patterns in Pinus sylvestris

Summary • Nitrogen availability and colonization by mycorrhizal fungi may influence plant budgets of water, carbon, and carbon isotopes ( δ 13 C), but estimates of water use efficiency (WUE) derived from isotopic vs budgetary measurements are rarely compared. •W e assessed patterns of WUE, C allocation, and δ 13 C in cultures of nonmycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris at two N supply rates, 3% d − 1 and 5% d − 1 . • Mycorrhizal colonization increased δ 13 C at low N but not at high N. Relative to foliage, roots and mycorrhizal fungi were enriched in 13 C 1.5‰ and 3‰, respectively. 13 C fractionation during synthesis of transfer compounds of − 1.5‰ could account for this progressive enrichment. Increasing N availability increased instantaneous WUE by 7% but decreased budget-based WUE by 20%. WUE calculated isotopically was 10 times higher than budget-based WUE. Plants in our system therefore transpired most water without concurrent photosynthesis. •W e conclude that WUE depends on N concentration and not on the rate of N supply. The proportion of transpiration uncoupled from photosynthesis may largely control WUE in well-watered ecosystems, and this proportion depends on N concentration in the soil solution. Carbon isotopes only correlate with WUE above a critical concentration of available N. Thus, quantitatively interpreting δ 13 C patterns requires knowledge about coupling among C, N, and water in the plant‐mycorrhizal‐soil system.
Intracranial pressure and visual acuity: The final frontier?

Earth’s gravitational force is a unique biophysical stress that has played an important role in shaping the mechanism(s) governing human cardiovascular control. When gravitational forces are substantially reduced (i.e. microgravity), body fluids redistribute towards the head and cause an elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP). Visits to the International Space Station result in a chronically elevated ICP that may contribute to the loss of visual acuity seen in astronauts once they return to Earth (Lawley et al. 2017). Long-term microgravity exposure has also been associated with bone demineralization, pre-syncope and kidney stones; however, visual deterioration is widely considered as the most significant physiological challenge for space travel. Short duration flights ( 3 days) are associated with reduced near sighted vision in 23% of astronauts, and this increases to 48% after 6 months of microgravity exposure (Demontis et al. 2017). The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have invested into a multimillion dollar visual Space-flight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS) project to address this issue and, despite these efforts, microgravity-induced visual impairments are still not completely understood. One hypothesis suggests that the microgravity-related cephalad fluid shifts increases ICP disproportionately to intraocular pressure (IOP), creating an IOP–ICP pressure gradient (Fig. 1). SANS presents similar to idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) with papilloedema, optic nerve sheath dilatation and flattening of the eye globe (Demontis et al. 2017); however, other symptoms, including a lack of chronic headache, pulse synchronous tinnitus and diplopia, are not present, suggesting that SANS has a distinct pathophysiology different from that of IIH. In addition to microgravity fluid redistribution, spaceflight is associated with mild hypercapnia caused by poor ambient ventilation. Hypercapnia, a potent vasodilator, causes increases in cerebral blood flow, and thus cerebral blood volume (Laurie et al. 2020), which may facilitate elevated ICP in microgravity. Humanity is on the verge of embarking on a ground-breaking achievement that will define the 21st Century. In a collaborative effort, NASA and SpaceX have released comprehensive details describing plans to conduct a manned mission to Mars within the next 5 years. For this reason, more research is needed to better understand the mechanism(s) of cerebral blood flow control and reactivity with respect to elucidating the pathophysiology of SANS and determining methods to prevent the condition.
Composite Neural Learning Fault-Tolerant Control for Underactuated Vehicles With Event-Triggered Input

This article presents a novel composite neural learning fault-tolerant algorithm to implement the path-following activity of underactuated vehicles with event-triggered input. With the input event-triggered mechanism, the dominant superiority is to reduce the communication burden in the channel from the controller to actuators. In the proposed scheme, the system uncertainties are dealt with in the fusion of the neural networks (NNs) and the dynamic surface control (DSC) method. The serial-parallel estimation model (SPEM) is constructed to estimate the error dynamics, where the derived prediction error could improve the compensation effect of the NNs. As for the gain uncertainties and the unknown actuator faults, four adaptive parameters are designed to stabilize the related perturbation and not be affected by the triggering instants. Based on the direct Lyapunov theorem, considerable efforts have been made to guarantee the semiglobal uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) stability of the closed-loop system. Finally, comparison and practical experiments are illustrated to verify the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Phylogeography of the white-tailed mongoose (Herpestidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) based on partial sequences of the mtDNA control region

The phylogeography of the white-tailed mongoose Ichneumia albicauda is examined using phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial control region. The phylogeny is used to: (1) Analyse the phylogeographic pattern of I. albicauda; (2) discuss the existing delimitation of subspecies; (3) test if the coloration of the tail tip, generally white but occasionally black in West African specimens, is a species polymorphism or if it has phylogenetic significance. Our results suggest a north–south division within white-tailed mongoose populations, and within the northern clade, we observe an east–west subdivision. This phylogenetic pattern is partly in concordance with the traditional division into six subspecies. The white-tailed mongoose probably originated in southern Africa, from where it dispersed northwards and colonized eastern and western parts of Africa, as well as the Arabian Peninsula. Colour polymorphism observed in Western populations reflects variation at the individual level.
Further cases of paternal care in Opiliones (Arachnida)

To the single existing observation of paternal care in opilionids two more are added: eggs glued on right leg IV in Leytpodoctis oviger n. gen. n. sp. (Podoctidae; Philippines: Leyte); flattened egg clutch guarded below stones and decaying wood in Lepchana spinipalpis Roewer 1927 (Assamiidae; Nepal). The three known cases of paternal care in opilionids are all within the superfamily Gonyleptoidea in the suborder Laniatores, but represent three different families. Apparently, this behaviour developed independently in all cases, the three families concerned not being closely related.