Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic Analyses of Timmiaceae (Bryophyta: Musci) Based on Nuclear and Chloroplast Sequence Data

Abstract Nuclear ribosomal (26S) and chloroplast (trnL-trnF and atpB-rbcL spacer) genomic regions were sequenced from 29 exemplars of Timmiaceae and five outgroup taxa. Phylogenetic hypotheses were tested from analyses of the individual regions and a combined dataset, using both parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. Estimates of branch support were established using bootstrap analyses and Bayesian posterior probabilities. The analyses were used to test the monophyly of the species and the relationships among taxa in Timmiaceae, previously based on morphology. Phylogenetic inferences suggest that Timmia austriaca, T. megapolitana s.s. , T. megapolitana subsp. bavarica, and section Norvegica represent monophyletic taxa. Timmia norvegica s.s. , T. norvegica var. excurrens, and T. sibirica were non-monophyletic, but together form a single clade. We, therefore, recommend recognizing them as a single taxon, T. norvegica. A key to the taxa is presented.
Different mixtures of Norway spruce, silver fir, and European beech modify competitive interactions in central European mature mixed forests

The influence of forest ecology and strategic planning has increased in importance to support the management of mixed-species forests to enhance biodiversity. However, little is known about competitive and facilitative interactions between trees and species in mixed fir–beech–spruce forests, mostly because of a lack of long-term experimental research. In the 1960s, long-term sample plots were established in the Western Carpathians to develop region-specific yield models. Trees in the plots were measured at 5- to 16-year intervals from 1967(69). In 2010, the positions of standing trees in all plots were identified spatially. Stump positions were also identified to record the coordinates of trees that had been removed or had died. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the applicability of widely used competition indices for mature fir–beech–spruce mixed forests and to test whether the tree competition zone changes among species and forest stands of different stocking densities. Results showed that t.
Morphologic Characters of the Weevil Head and Phylogenetic Implications (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea)

As a result of our morphologicalobservationsofthe weevilhead, 26 charactersare singledout for thephylogneticanalysisof theprincipalfamiliesin Curculionoidea,of which 15characters are newly employedfor this purpose. These characters are examinedin detail and their modesof developmentare speculatedformakingcharactermatrix.Thefamilyrelationshipin Curculionoidea we inferred is mostly concordant with that in the cladogramby Marvaldi & Morrone (2000), but is very different in the positions of Scolytidae and Platypodidae,andtheseareregardedas the independent familiesdivaricatedfrom
Periodic Intermediate β-Expansions of Pisot Numbers

The subshift of finite type property (also known as the Markov property) is ubiquitous in dynamical systems and the simplest and most widely studied class of dynamical systems are β -shifts, namely transformations of the form T β , α : x ↦ β x + α mod 1 acting on [ − α / ( β − 1 ) , ( 1 − α ) / ( β − 1 ) ] , where ( β , α ) ∈ Δ is fixed and where Δ ≔ { ( β , α ) ∈ R 2 : β ∈ ( 1 , 2 ) and 0 ≤ α ≤ 2 − β } . Recently, it was shown, by Li et al. (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 147(5): 2045–2055, 2019), that the set of ( β , α ) such that T β , α has the subshift of finite type property is dense in the parameter space Δ . Here, they proposed the following question. Given a fixed β ∈ ( 1 , 2 ) which is the n-th root of a Perron number, does there exists a dense set of α in the fiber { β } × ( 0 , 2 − β ) , so that T β , α has the subshift of finite type property? We answer this question in the positive for a class of Pisot numbers. Further, we investigate if this question holds true when replacing the subshift of finite type property by the sofic property (that is a factor of a subshift of finite type). In doing so we generalise, a classical result of Schmidt (Bull. London Math. Soc., 12(4): 269–278, 1980) from the case when α = 0 to the case when α ∈ ( 0 , 2 − β ) . That is, we examine the structure of the set of eventually periodic points of T β , α when β is a Pisot number and when β is the n-th root of a Pisot number.
Use of Quinclorac for Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Control in Newly Summer-Seeded Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera)1

Field trials were conducted in 2000 and 2001 in New Jersey to evaluate quinclorac and siduron for large crabgrass control in summer-seeded creeping bentgrass (‘L-93’). Bentgrass was surface seeded on June 30 and June 26 in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Treatments consisted of preemergence (PRE) applications of siduron at 3.4, 5.0, and 6.7 kg ai/ha and PRE and postemergence (POST) applications of quinclorac at 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.7 kg ai/ha. POST applications were timed to a crabgrass growth stage of three leaves to one tiller. All POST quinclorac applications included methylated seed oil at 1% (v/v). Percent crabgrass cover in untreated plots at 30 d after planting (DAP) averaged 10 and 50% in 2000 and 2001, respectively. All PRE treatments, with the exception of quinclorac applied at 0.4 kg/ha in 2001, reduced crabgrass cover by 80% or more at 30 DAP. Crabgrass control decreased in late August when siduron and quinclorac were applied at the lower rates in 2001. PRE quinclorac applications at the rate of 0.6 kg/ha or higher in 2000 or 1.7 kg/ha in 2001 caused significant thinning of the bentgrass stand at 30 DAP. All POST quinclorac treatments provided excellent crabgrass control in 2000, but the 0.8-kg/ha or higher rate was required to reduce crabgrass infestation levels by at least 80% in 2001. All POST quinclorac applications caused significant chlorosis to the creeping bentgrass in both years. However, significant thinning of the bentgrass stand was not evident, with the exception of 1.7 kg/ha, in 2001. These studies suggest that PRE applications of siduron should be used for the highest level of creeping bentgrass safety in summer restoration projects. The use of quinclorac should be limited to POST applications to control escaped crabgrass once the newly emerging creeping bentgrass has become well established. Nomenclature: Quinclorac; siduron; Creeping bentgrass, Agrostis stolonifera L. #3 AGSST ‘L-93’; large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSA. Additional index words: Bentgrass fairway renovation, herbicide response. Abbreviations: DAE, days after emergence; DAP, days after planting; DAT, days after treatment; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence.
Minimum class variance broad learning system for hyperspectral image classification

: A new machine learning method named as a broad learning system (BLS) has been proposed recently. The advantage of simple, fast, and good generalisation ability make it attracting extensive attention. In this study, by introducing BLS to solving hyperspectral image (HSI) classification, a minimum class variance BLS (MCVBLS) was proposed. Firstly, in order to get spectral–spatial representation of original HSI, spectral–spatial feature learning has been performed to take full advantage of abundant spectral and spatial information of HSI. Then, the authors use MCVBLS to classify the extracted spectral–spatial features. MCVBLS, in contrast to BLS, fully considers the global data structure and discriminant information of the data. MCVBLS enhances the classification performance model by minimising the intra-class distribution structure while maximising the inter-class discriminant information, the measure of placing restrictions on output weights will take more discriminative information and global discriminative structure information into consideration. Conducting an experiment on three benchmark hyperspectral datasets, they demonstrate that the proposed MCVBLS methods are effective for HSI classification, better than other state-of-the-art methods.
The microecology of mold growth

Following a review of selected aspects of fungal macroecology, data are presented about the microecology of Aureobasidium pullulans' growth on an experimental acrylic emulsion paint. When A. pullulans is inoculated onto a virgin film of the coating, an ephemeral period of growth lasting about three weeks precedes dormancy. When the fungus is inoculated onto a film prepared from Pseudomonas-contaminated paint, the fungus continues to grow for at least 10 weeks, at which time monitoring of growth was terminated. Tests in vitro of the ability of A. pullulans to utilize hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as sole carbon source in distilled water were negative, using visible growth of the pigmented mycelium as the criterion. When the 0.5per thousand HEC solution was treated with purified Pseudomonas cellulase prior to inoculation with A. pullulans abundant growth occurred. These data suggest that A. pullulans does not produce HECase when the diluent is distilled water; given the initial digestion of HEC by the supplied cellulose. A. pullulans utilizes the hydrolic products as an energy source for growth. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to mildew-induced defacement of organic coatings (MIDOC).
PREVALENCE OF BLOOD PARASITES IN CATTLE AND BUFFALOES

The prevalence of blood parasites was studied in cattle and buffaloes maintained at two livestock institutes. The prevalence was found to be 27.69 and 16.12% in cattle and buffaloes, respectively at Animal Sciences Institute, NARC, Islamabad. It was 22.31% in cattle at Barani Livestock Production Research Institute, Kherimurat, District Attock. Anaplasma marginale showed the highest prevalence rate as compared to other blood parasites.
Pengaruh regulasi diri dan kedisiplinan terhadap kemandirian belajar siswa di sekolah dasar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh regulasi diri dan kedisiplinan siswa terhadap kemandirian siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis ex-post facto. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Negeri Kepatihan Purworejo, SD Negeri Sebomenggalan, SD Negeri 2 Baledono, Kecamatan Purworejo, Kabupaten Purworejo. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 56 orang siswa yang dipilih secara random. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan sakala psikologi serta dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial melalui analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa regulasi diri secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap kemandirian belajar siswa; kedisiplinan secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap kemandirian belajar siswa; serta regulasi diri dan kedisiplinan secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kemandirian belajar siswa.
Protein Kinase C{delta} Overexpression Enhances Radiation Sensitivity via Extracellular Regulated Protein Kinase 1/2 Activation, Abolishing the Radiation-induced G2-M Arrest

Protein kinase C (PKC) has been widely implicated in regulation of cell growth/cell cycle progression and apoptosis. However, the role of PKC in radiosensitivity and cell cycle regulation remains unclear. Overexpression of PKC increased Ca 2 independent PKC activity without altering other PKC isoforms (PKC ,- 1, -, and -), and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 activity was also increased in PKC-specific manner. A clonogenic survival assay showed that PKC-overexpressed cells had more radiosensitivity and pronounced induction of apoptosis than control cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that PKC made the cells escape from radiation-induced G 2-M arrest. Moreover, p53 and p21 Waf induction by radiation were higher in PKCoverexpressed cells than control cells, and PKCmediated apoptosis was reduced, when radiationinduced ERK1/2 activity was inhibited by PD98059. Furthermore, PKC antisense and rottlerin, PKC inhibitor-abrogated PKC-mediated radiosensitivity and reduced ERK1/2 activity to the control vector level. These results demonstrated that PKC overexpression enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis and radiosensitivity via ERK1/2 activation, thereby abolishing the radiation-induced G 2-M arrest and finally apoptosis.
A new species of Phrynobatrachus (Amphibia: Anura: Phrynobatrachidae) from the Northern Mountains of Tanzania

ABSTRACT Using integrative approaches, a new large-bodied species of Phrynobatrachus is described from a series of 48 specimens from the montane forests of the West Usambara and North Pare Mountains of Tanzania. The most distinguishing morphological feature separating Phrynobatrachus ambanguluensis sp. nov from similar species is the markedly overhanging and pointed upper jaw and snout. Mitochondrial 16S rRNA indicates that the new species differs from all other species with published sequence data by a minimum distance of 4.75% and is sister to P. krefftii, with which it has been confused in the past. The new species is known from two forest reserves and is of high conservation concern given these areas are highly impacted by anthropogenic change. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E0C82A87-47A5-426B-978D-96D27FA7A3B7
Anthraquinone production by hairy root culture of Rubia akane Nakai: influence of media and auxin treatment.

Hairy root culture of Rubia akane was studied using different media supplemented with different concentration of auxins for the growth and anthraquinones production. Hairy roots grown in full-strength SH medium showed the highest levels of root growth (12.2 g/L) as well as the highest amount of alizarin (4.5 mg/g D.W.) and purpurin production (5.5 mg/g D.W.) as compared to Rubia akane hairy roots grown in half- and full-strength B5 and MS medium, and half-strength SH medium. Among the different auxins treatment in hairy root culture, NAA performed the best both in growth as well as alizarin and purpurin production. With the concentration of 0.5mg/L NAA produced the highest amount of dry weight (14.2g/L) and the highest amount of both alizarin (5.9 mg/g D.W.) and purpurin (7.2 mg/g D.W.). These findings indicate that hairy root cultures of Rubia akane growing on SH media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA could be a valuable alternative approach for anthraquinone production. Key words: Agrobacterium rhizogenes, anthraquinones, auxin, medium, hairy root culture, Rubia akane nakai.
The role of Zap70 in naïve T cell homeostasis

TCR signalling is crucial to both T cell development and naive T cell homeostasis. Naive T cell survival in the periphery is thought to depend on both cytokine signalling and constitutive TCR signalling. The nature of this TCR dependent survival signal remains controversial. The tyrosine kinase, Zap70, is essential for TCR signalling. The aim of this project is to investigate the role of Zap70 in the transduction of survival signals in naive T cells. Using mice that conditionally express Zap70 by means of a tetracycline-inducible system, we found that Zap70 is absolutely required for the maintenance of naive T cells in the periphery. Loss of Zap70 resulted in a dramatic and rapid reduction in mature naive CD8 T cells in the blood and peripheral organs consistent with a naive T cell survival defect. This survival defect could not be accounted for by cell-intrinsic differences in IL-7Rα or Bcl-2 expression. Analysis of T cell survival in vitro revealed no differences in responses to IL-7 between F5 T cells with or without Zap70. Survival in vitro was found to be enhanced by the presence of CD1 1 c+ enriched splenocytes but not T or B cells. Survival of F5 T cells in these cultures was dependent on Zap70 expression and also required intact MEK signalling. In addition, we also tested the ability of previously described Zap70 mutants, Zap70 SKG and Zap70YYAA, to transduce homeostatic TCR survival signals in vivo. Both mutants were unable to support the development, survival or antigen-induced expansion of F5 T cells. Additionally, we found evidence that Zap70Y YAA had a dominant negative effect on T cell development and reconstitution in F5 TetZap70 mice. In conclusion, we find that Zap70 is essential for transmission of signals required for naive T cell survival and requires both full expression and functionality of Zap70.
Simulation of Elliptical Liquid Jet Primary Breakup In Supersonic Crossflow

The study of elliptical liquid jets in supersonic flow in a Mach 2.0 is performed numerically. The primary breakup process of the elliptical liquid jet is simulated for a Weber number 223, liquid/gas flux momentum 4.0. The aspect ratios of elliptical geometries are set to be 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5. The results show a remarkable difference in liquid jet disintegration morphology at different aspect ratios. Under supersonic crossflow conditions, the elliptical liquid jet shows more breakup characteristics than the round liquid jet. As the aspect ratio grows, the penetration depth decreases. The elliptical liquid jet with has the largest penetration depth in all cases. Moreover, the round jet has a maximum spreading angle of 50.2°. The changing trends of the column breakup length both direction and direction are similar. The elliptical jet at a lower aspect ratio has a shorter breakup length due to the narrower windward area. The liquid jet has a pair of larger horseshoe vortex structure and a wider wake region at a higher aspect ratio. Two pairs of reversal vortex pairs with obvious characteristics can be observed in all the simulations.
Wolbachia
 is present in the European grapevine moth

The European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana , has high economic impact on grape-vines being one of the most harmful pests of vineyards worldwide. Wolbachia infection has not yet been reported for this moth. We systematically look for Wolbachia presence in L. botrana from three areas within the viticultural region of Alentejo (Portugal), via wsp gene specific PCR, and consistently found its presence. The interaction between the grapevine, its associated moth pest and the Wolbachia needs to be further explored, towards its potential in the development of symbiosis-based pest management strategies.
Load-velocity relationship of the deadlift exercise

Abstract Velocity-based training (VBT) is gaining popularity in strength and conditioning due to multiple practical advantages for auto-regulating and individualizing training volume and load on a day-to-day basis. Because the load-velocity relationship varies among exercises, the knowledge of particular equations is indispensable to effectively implement the VBT. The aim of this study was to determine the complete load- and power-velocity profile of the deadlift exercise to provide practical equations and normative values for resistance training coaches and practitioners. Twenty strength-trained men performed a progressive loading test at maximal intended velocity to determine their one-repetition maximum (1RM). Mean (MV), mean propulsive (MPV) and peak velocity (PV) were measured during the concentric phase. Both MV and MPV showed a very close relationship to %1RM (R2 = 0.971 and R2 = 0.963) with a low error of estimation (SEE = 0.08 and 0.09 m·s−1), which was maintained throughout the wide breadth of velocities. PV showed the poorest results (R2 = 0.958, SEE = 0.15 m·s−1). MV attained with the 1RM was 0.24 ± 0.03 m·s−1 and consistent between participants with different relative strengths. The load that maximized the power output was identified at ∼60% 1RM. In contrast to what was observed in velocity, power outcomes showed poor predictive capacity to estimate %1RM. Hence, the use of velocity-based equations is advisable to monitor athletes’ performance and adjust the training load in the deadlift exercise. This finding provides an alternative to the demanding, time-consuming and interfering 1RM tests, and allows the use of the deadlift exercise following the VBT principles.
The Roles of Monocyte and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages in Common Brain Disorders

The brain is the most important and complex organ in most living creatures which serves as the center of the nervous system. The function of human brain includes controlling of the motion of the body and different organs and maintaining basic homeostasis. The disorders of the brain caused by a variety of reasons often severely impact the patients' normal life or lead to death in extreme cases. Monocyte is an important immune cell which is often recruited to the brain in a number of brain disorders. However, the role of monocytes may not be simply described as beneficial or detrimental. It significantly depends on the disease models and the stages of disease progression. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about the role of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages during several common brain disorders. Major focuses include ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, and insomnia. The recruitment, differentiation, and function of monocyte in these diseases are reviewed.
The Fukushima effect at home: The changing role of domestic actors in Japanese energy policy

This paper reviews the changing role of domestic political institutions, including local governments and courts, in Japan's energy policy over the 8 years since the Fukushima disaster, focusing on the nuclear and renewable power industries. We explain how a variety of hidden subsidies created financial dependency in communities hosting nuclear power plants and led to local officials hoping to restart nuclear power plants after the meltdowns despite wide‐scale opposition. Later, the introduction of a feed‐in tariff (FiT) brought a wider range of towns into the field of renewable energy, but vulnerable towns with weaker social networks continue to bear a large share of Japan's energy infrastructure. Courts, prefectures, and local firms have become intervening agents in the renewable energy market, but utilities have pushed back, encouraging the state to overturn the FiT and create auctions for renewable power contracts instead. With subnational governments and courts more powerful in energy policy since the meltdowns, and a variety of new actors involved in renewable energy, post‐Fukushima energy policy has become more democratized.