Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Infections and Louse-Flea Borne Typhus Fever in Acute Febrile Patients Diagnosed Serologically In International Clinical Laboratories, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background: Typhus fever, which is one of acute febrile illnesses, remains known enemy of human populations globally, particularly considerable in tropical and subtropical developing countries. Besides, concurrent infections have been reported from many regions of Africa where febrile illnesses are predominantly endemic. Of these, co-infection of typhoid fever and typhus fever is commonly observed in different parts of Ethiopia. But, limited study were conducted previously to measure serological and bacteriological estimations of co-infection of these febrile illnesses. Therefore, this study was designed to determine serological estimates of concurrent infections and Typhus fever from acute febrile patients diagnosed in ICL. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with electronic data of acute febrile patients who made serological testing from January 2007 to 2011 in the International Clinical Laboratories. Data collection was performed from Dec 29, 2011 to Feb 10; 2012.Data were electronically stored into EpiData 3.1 and exported to SPSS 20 and STATA 11 for statistical analysis. Continuous measures were summarized by mean calculation and standard deviation at 95% CI. For most variables, frequency analysis was performed to descriptively observe them. The relationship of exposure and outcome variables was assessed by Spearson calculation. Ethical clearance was given from Institutional Review Board of ALIBP and additionally approved by Research Committee of ICL. Result: Over five years, a total of 5,029 patients with acute febrile illness were serologically diagnosed for typhoid fever and typhus fever at same time in ICL, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The age of patients distributed from less than a year to eight seven years old and mean age was located at 33.39±14.72 years [95% Conf. Interval]. Of those patients, smaller numbers (43%) were females with 22% Weil Felix positive and greater numbers (57%) were male with 15 % Weil Felix positive. Around 6% of febrile patients were co-infected with typhoid fever and Typhus fever or 42% of Weil Felix positive. Approximately 18% of patients had significant titer equal to or greater than 1in 80μl that considered national cut value to exclude presence of multiple infections. Conclusion: Multiple infections are commonly known to result in severe disability and death. At early onset, serological diagnosis can exclude absence of Typhoid fever or typhus fever as IgM sero conversion takes time.
Mobilization of Tl-Hg-As-Sb-(Ag,Cu)-Pb sulfosalt melts during low-grade metamorphism in the Alpi Apuane (Tuscany, Italy)

We report the discovery of an exceptional assemblage of Tl-Hg-As-Sb-(Ag,Cu)-Pb sulfosalts showing textural evidence for their mobilization as melts in the barite–pyrite–iron oxide orebodies of the Monte Arsiccio mine (Alpi Apuane, Tuscany, Italy). The relative abundance of rare thallium sulfosalts (including three new mineral species), their peculiar textural features within the orebodies (e.g., migration along matrix grain boundaries, drop-like internal textures, low interfacial angles between sulfosalts and matrix minerals), and the overall high thallium content in pyrite from the entire mining district (to ∼900 ppm) make the barite–pyrite–iron oxide deposits of the Alpi Apuane a reference locality for studying low-temperature sulfosalt melts in low-grade metamorphic complexes (greenschist facies). Our study reveals how sulfosalt melting during low-grade regional metamorphism controls the redistribution of economically valuable and environmentally critical elements such as thallium in sulfide orebodies containing significant amounts of low-melting-point chalcophile elements.
An observational approach for determining aerosol surface radiative forcing: Results from the first field phase of INDOEX

This paper presents one of the few quantitative estimates of surface aerosol forcing made directly from surface irradiance observations. The method described within yields estimates of the forcing accurate to 20%. The study was conducted from February to March 1998 at the Kaashidhoo Climate Observatory (KCO) during the First Field Phase of the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX-FFP). For the 400–700 nm region studied here, the forcing is −7.6±1.5 W m−2. The data are obtained from two photodiode radiometers measuring global and diffuse irradiance in five channels in the visible and ultraviolet. The instruments were chosen, calibrated, and deployed specifically for a precise measurement of aerosol forcing. The angular, spectral, and absolute response characteristics of the instruments are determined in the laboratory and used to calibrate the data, as described here. The accuracy in the calibrated data is 2.4% for the global irradiance and 1.8% for the diffuse irradiance. Direct aerosol forcing is obtained from the measured aerosol forcing efficiency, which is determined by two methods: hybrid and differential. The hybrid method uses a radiative transfer model to subtract out the contribution from the aerosol-free atmosphere. The differential method assumes that changes in 400–700 nm solar flux are forced by changes in aerosol optical depth. By using flux changes, the differential method is not sensitive to the small calibration uncertainties, and is independent of model assumptions about the single-scatter properties of the aerosol. For this soot-laden marine region south of India, a 0.1 change in aerosol optical depth produces a −4.0±0.8 W m−2; change in the 400–700 nm surface flux; 55% of this forcing is observed in the 400–540 nm region. The global and diffuse data agree to within 5 W m−2 of results calculated by a Monte Carlo radiative transfer model. The model assumes an aerosol consistent with the spectral optical depth, lidar vertical profiles, and surface optical properties measured simultaneously at KCO.
Valoración y análisis de indicadores de sostenibilidad en seis unidades de producción agropecuaria de la cuenca media del río Chinchiná

En la cuenca media del río Chinchiná se seleccionaron seis unidades de producción agropecuaria con aplicación de estrategias de producción más limpia, con el fin de conocer el nivel de sostenibilidad para cada una, adaptando la metodología de indicadores de sostenibilidad propuesta por ASPROINCA (Arango, 2003). Las variables medidas fueron: seguridad alimentaria, mercado, dependencia de insumos externos, mano de obra, conservación de agua, de suelo y de bosque, nivel de complejidad del sistema, nivel de reciclaje, nivel de integración de subsistemas, compromiso familiar, formas organizativas de trabajo y valores ambientales. El gráfico tipo redegrama generado por el ejercicio de valoración y análisis de dichos indicadores, le permite al propietario del predio reconocer las debilidades y fortalezas de su unidad productiva respecto a temas económicos, ecológicos y socioculturales, identificando puntos críticos para la priorización de actividades de sostenibilidad. Los resultados demuestran que cada unidad productiva tiene aspectos particulares respecto al uso de recursos. Los aspectos que afectan actualmente la sostenibilidad de los predios estudiados fueron la alta dependencia de insumos externos y la baja competitividad en los mercados. Los valores ambientales y la conservación de recursos naturales, agua, suelo y bosque, son factores positivos característicos de las unidades productivas que participaron en el proyecto.
Identifying block structure in the Pacific Northwest, USA

We have identified block structure in the Pacific Northwest (west of 116°W between 38°N and 49°N) by clustering GPS stations so that the same Euler vector approximates the velocity of each station in a cluster. Given the total number k of clusters desired, the clustering procedure finds the best assignment of stations to clusters. Clustering is calculated for k = 2–14. In geographic space, cluster boundaries that remain relatively stable as k is increased are tentatively identified as block boundaries. That identification is reinforced if the cluster boundary coincides with a geologic feature. Boundaries identified in Northern California and Nevada are the Central Nevada Seismic Belt, the west side of the Northern Walker Lane Belt, and the Bartlett Springs Fault. Three blocks cover all of Oregon and Washington. The principal block boundary there extends west‐northwest along the Brothers Fault Zone, then north and northwest along the eastern boundary of Siletzia, the accreted oceanic basement of the forearc. East of this boundary is the Intermountain block; its eastern boundary undefined. A cluster boundary at Cape Blanco subdivides the forearc along the faulted southern margin of Siletzia. South of Cape Blanco, the Klamath Mountains‐Basin and Range block, extends east to the Central Nevada Seismic Belt and south to the Sierra Nevada‐Great Valley block. The Siletzia block, north of Cape Blanco, coincides almost exactly with the accreted Siletz terrane. The cluster boundary in the eastern Olympic Peninsula may mark permanent shortening of Siletzia against the Intermountain block.
The effect of meteorological conditions on hazel [Corylus spp.] and alder [Alnus spp.] pollen concentration in the air of Szczecin

The aim of the study was to determine seasonal variations in concentrations of hazel and alder pollen count due to meteorological parameters. Measurements were performed using the volumetric method. The analysed meteorological parameters were the maximum temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed. The beginning and end of a season were established by the 95 % method. During seven years of study, the highest concentration of hazel pollen in the air was noted in 2003 (the total number was two - three times higher than in the other years), with the pollen season starting in most years in the beginning of January and lasting till the end of March or beginning of April. The highest concentration of alder pollen in the air was noted in 2003, similarly as hazel pollen. The pollen season started in the beginning of January (in 2003 and 2006 in the beginning of March) and lasted till the turn of the March and April. The highest pollen count of 674 grains×m -3 was observed in the end of March. A positive and statistically signifi cant correlation (Pearson's coeffi cient and multiple regression) was found between the hazel and alder pollen concentration and air temperature and wind speed. A negative correlation was found in case of the relative humidity. A lot of analysed correlations were signifi cant (significance level of p=0.05), although the percentage of explained variation (R 2 ) was very low. Besides the individual rhythm of pollination, the meteorological conditions are the most important factors (mainly air temperature and wind speed) influencing the analysed pollen concentration in the air.
Auroral and geomagnetic events at cusp/mantle latitudes in the prenoon sector during positive IMF By conditions: Signatures of pulsed magnetopause reconnection

A characteristic sequence of poleward moving auroral events and the associated ground magnetic deflections in the vicinity of cusp-type precipitation in the convection throat are studied. The occurrence, structure, and motion pattern of these events are found to be strongly regulated by the IMF Bz and By components. The present cases are observed in the prenoon sector during positive IMF By and negative Bz conditions. New, improved results on the dynamical structure of the magnetosphere-ionosphere current system of these events are obtained. The current system consists of a central filament or sheet-like field-aligned current (FAC), located on newly opened field lines with oppositely directed return currents on the poleward and equatorward sides. The ground magnetic deflections can be explained by ionospheric Hall currents generated by this FAC system and the associated pattern of ionospheric electric fields. The propagation speed of the events (auroral and magnetic signatures) are found to be comparable with the simultaneously observed antisunward convection speeds (1–2 km/s); that is, they are related to the tailward convection of newly opened magnetic flux. A qualitatively similar current system with opposite current polarity has recently been proposed for the corresponding auroral and magnetic signatures observed during negative IMF By conditions. The events are found to be consistent with an interpretation in terms of pulsed magnetopause reconnection, that is, flux transfer events.
Influence of Simulated Fall and Spring Conditions on the Soil System: II. Effect on Soil Nitrogen

Stored and fresh Wood Mountain loam samples were wetted to 20% moisture using either water, Ca(NO₃)₂, or (NH₄)₂SO₄ solutions. Half of the samples were sterilized with ethylene oxide. Fall conditions were imposed by incubating samples at diurual temperatures of 14 to 3C and early spring conditions by slow freezing to −23C followed by incubation at 14 to 3C or 8.5C. Exchangeable NH₄-N, NO₃-N, and microbial counts were determined at appropriate intervals. In the unamended and NO₃-amended soils, freezing followed by 16 days incubation at 14 to 3C had a bactericidal effect and resulted in a much lower rate of nitrification than freezing followed by incubation at 8.5C. Where NH₄ had been added the bactericidal effect was not as great and there was no difference in nitrification between the two incubation temperatures. Incubation at low temperatures impeded nitrification more than ammonification which resulted in an initial buildup of exchangeable NH₄. Ethylene oxide was an effective soil sterilant but caused a small increase in the exchangeable NH₄. Freezing followed by incubation at low temperatures increased the exchangeable NH₄ in sterile soils but did not affect the NO₃ content. There was evidence of an interaction between the length of soil storage and the various treatments (viz, freezing, sterilization, etc.).
Seismotectonics of western Turkey from high resolution earthquake relocations and moment tensor determinations

We have relocated 364 earthquakes in western Turkey between 2002 and 2003 using more than 45,000 accurate P and S differential travel‐times. We also have determined moment tensors for 71 of these earthquakes using their broadband regional waveforms. After relocation the events are highly concentrated in three clusters and delineate two nearly vertical faults. Their strikes agree with the strike of one of the fault planes of the averaged fault‐plane solution of the cluster, which allowed us to pick the true fault plane and the slip direction. We identified a NNW‐striking left‐lateral strike‐slip fault near Buldan that connects the Gediz graben in the north and the eastern end of the Buyuk Menderes graben in the south. The other right‐lateral strike‐slip fault near Izmir strikes ENE–WSW direction. Our results indicate that part of the N–S extension occurring in western Turkey is accommodated by strike‐slip faults and is accompanied by E–W shortening.
Dynamics of landuse/cover changes and degradation of Nairobi City, Kenya

Landuse/cover in Nairobi City is changing rapidly because of the increased interactions of human activities with the environment as population increases. We used multi‐temporal Landsat images (1976, 1988 and 2000) together with physical and socio‐economic data in a post‐classification analysis with GIS to map landuse/cover distribution and to analyse factors influencing the landuse/cover changes for Nairobi City. An unsupervised classification approach, which uses a minimum spectral distance to assign pixels to clusters, was used with the overall accuracy ranging from 87 per cent to 90 per cent. Landuse/cover statistics revealed that substantial landuse/cover changes have taken place and that the built‐up areas have expanded by about 47 km2 over the study period (1976–2000). Forests have decreased substantially while agricultural lands have been on the increase. Rapid economic developments together with the increasing population were noted to be the major factors influencing rapid landuse/cover changes.
Physical nature of a new cross‐field current‐driven instability in the lower ionosphere

The physical nature of a new instability predicted earlier in the framework of a kinetic theory [Dimant and Sudan, 1995a, b, c] is clarified by using a simple fluid model. It is associated with ohmic heating of electrons by the modulated electric field. Temperature modulations lead to the instability via two independent mechanisms. One mechanism consists in the reversal of the sign of pressure perturbations, and the other is associated with perturbations of the electron Pedersen conductivity due to the temperature dependence of the electron-neutral collision frequency. The instability gives rise to the excitation of sufficiently long waves (several meters and longer) in the upper D/lower E regions. The unstable zone covers two broad ranges of flow angles around the bisectors between the directions of the ambient electric field ±E o and the E 0 x B drift. The data available from rocket measurements in polar regions indicate possible evidence for the new instability.
Surface energy balance calculations for small northern lakes

An energy balance model is used to determine diurnal surface energy balance components for three different sized high‐latitude Canadian lakes in the Mackenzie River Basin (MRB) during the open water seasons of 2000, 2001, and 2002. Surface net radiation is derived from the component fluxes of the radiation balance. Turbulent heat fluxes are calculated using the aerodynamic method with input from local meteorological stations and experimentally derived drag coefficients. Lake heat storage, determined as a residual of the surface energy balance, is used together with measured water temperature profiles to calculate the daily mixing layer depth. The model uses readily available meteorological inputs for radiation calculations.
International Journal of Advances in Electrical and Electronics Engineering a Comparative Study of Microwave Effect on Human Nervous System

— this article presents an overview of the recent microwave effects on human nervous system. RF exposure effects on the blood–brain barrier (BBB) have been generally accepted for those which are thermalizing. Those reports which are controversial on BBB are Low level exposures. The structure and function of the nervous system can get damage due to RF energy Exposure. Research is basically focused on the neurochemistry of the brain and the reported effects of RF exposure. The direct comparison of many experiments is difficult because of the many exposure parameters such as frequency, orientation, modulation, power density, and duration of exposure. Thermal effects prevail at high exposure power densities, and can lead to adverse consequences. Lower levels of exposure not only includes biological effects but thermal mechanisms are can not be avoided. It gives conclusion that the RF exposure leads to hazardous nervous system. The only firm conclusion that may be drawn is the potential for hazardous thermal consequences of high power RF exposure.
Assessment of Model Estimated and Directly Observed Weather Data for Etiological Prediction of Diarrhea

Recent advances in clinical prediction for diarrheal etiology in low- and middle-income countries have revealed that addition of weather data improves predictive performance. However, the optimal source of weather data remains unclear. We aim to compare model estimated satellite- and ground-based observational data with weather station directly-observed data for diarrheal prediction. We used clinical and etiological data from a large multi-center study of children with diarrhea to compare these methods. We show that the two sources of weather conditions perform similarly in most locations. We conclude that while model estimated data is a viable, scalable tool for public health interventions and disease prediction, directly observed weather station data approximates the modeled data, and given its ease of access, is likely adequate for prediction of diarrheal etiology in children in low- and middle-income countries.
Validation of ASTER GDEM for the Area of Greece

The ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM), which was released in June 2009, provides elevation data for over 99 percent of Earth's land area. GDEM was found to contain significant anomalies mainly caused by residual clouds in the ASTER scenes, or by the algorithm used to generate the final GDEM from the variable number of individual DEMs. In this paper, the GDEM, for the whole area of Greece was validated by comparing it with reference DEMs with higher resolution derived either from aerial stereo imagery, or from ASTER raw data analysis; as well as with elevation values provided by a number of Geodetic Control Points (GCP) and GPS measurements. The vertical accuracy (at 95 percent confidence) was calculated to be more than 30 m (RMSE = 16.01 m) when compared to the GCPs, whereas the vertical accuracy was calculated around 20 m (RMSE = 11.08 m) when compared with the GPS derived elevations. It can be therefore stated that the current version of ASTER GDEM overall does not meet its pre-production estimated vertical accuracy of 20 m at 95 percent confidence over Greece, however, it can be used in several applications, such as topographic analysis, hydrological and geomorphological modeling, landscape visualization, and energy balance studies.
Vibration based damage detection of steel plate

It is very important to monitor the occurrence of damage of various structures. By early detection of damage and by taking the proper corrective measures the failure of damage could be avoided. When damage occurs in structure it results in change in stiffness properties of the structure which in turn result in change in modal properties like natural frequency, mode shape change, mode shape curvature and strain energy of a structure. These parameters are used as an input to train the artificial neural network(ANN). The efficiency of the ANN to predict the damage at single and multiple damage cases using the change in natural frequency and strain energy was evaluated in this study. The efficiency of individual modes and combination of frequency and strain energy to detect damage is also considered in this study. The modal parameters were obtained by carrying out modal analysis using ANSYS 2021 R1 software and the ANN was developed using MATLAB software. The results indicated that the strain energy accurately predict the damage location and varies linearly with severity of damage. It is better to use combination of frequency and strain energy as indicator to detect damages.
Osteoporosis Detection Using Deep Learning on X-Ray images of Human Spine

Osteoporosis is a condition, which results in weakness of bones, and its effects grow detrimental as the person ages. Currently, there is no proven cure for Osteoporosis, so early detection is the most prudent way to slow down its effects. The work implements classification models based on CNN and other deep learning models to detect and classify osteoporosis using human spine X-ray image datasets made publicly available by kaggle. This paper presents various deep learning models incorporating transfer learning on hybrid combinations to train and test for better results. Result conveyed through accuracy, Confusion Matrix, Precision, Recall, F1 score, AUC, and observes considerable improvement when compared to previous works.