Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparation of High-Performance Phototransistors Combining Negative-Capacitance Effect of Gate Dielectric With WS2/MoS2 Heterojunction Channel

A heterojunction negative-capacitance (NC) phototransistor is fabricated by using Hf0.5Zr0. 5O2 (HZO) as a ferroelectric layer, Al2O3 as a matching layer, and WS2/MoS2 as a heterojunction channel prepared using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. As a comparison, the MoS2 NC field-effect transistor (NCFET) is prepared by transferring the monolayer CVD-MoS2 onto the HZO/p+-Si substrate, and a low subthreshold swing (SS) of 50 mV/dec and a high switching ratio of 2.1 $\times \,\,10^{6}$ are obtained at room temperature. On this basis, a CVD-WS2/MoS2 heterojunction is introduced to replace MoS2 as the channel through a two-step transfer method, which results in a high electron mobility of ~20.9 cm2/Vs, a high responsivity of 559.21 A/W, and a high detectivity of 9.58 $\times \,\,10^{13}$ cmHz−1/2W−1 under the illumination of a light source with the wavelength of 520 nm due to an effective combination of the NC effect with the heterojunction effect. The qualities and performance of the deposited monolayer MoS2 and WS2, WS2/MoS2 heterojunction, and atomic layer deposition (ALD)-HZO thin film are characterized by multiple microanalysis methods. It is shown that the combination of a heterojunction energy-band engineering of two-dimension semiconductors with the NC effect of the ferroelectric thin film provides a new solution for high-performance phototransistors.
Code-switching in hugot lines in Philippine movies

Hugot lines have become popular among Filipinos nowadays. Cabajar (2016) claims that these lines have emerged because Filipinos are imaginative in playing with language in different forms as evident on how they would include humor in constructing these lines to catch audience’s attention. Azores (2017) defined hugot as ‘pulling out’ and expressing deepest emotions such as happiness, sadness, bitterness, and the like toward something or someone. Given the paucity of studies conducted on this particular genre, this study explored hugot lines in relation to the concept of code-switching (CS) through analyzing their syntactic structures, conversational functions
A Two-Step Estimation of GPS Differential Code Biases and Local Ionospheric TEC Based on Orthogonal Transformation

We have developed a fast and efficient algorithm for estimating the global positioning system (GPS) differential code biases (DCBs) and ionospheric vertical total electron content (VTEC) using a local GPS network. The algorithm does not simultaneously estimate the DCBs and VTEC parameters, it instead determines the parameters in a two-step estimation. At the first estimation step, the algorithm determines the DCBs parameters and, at the second estimation step, the algorithm determines the VTEC parameters. While the DCB estimations (the first step) are carried out by recursively accumulating the normal equation for each observation batch (or for each epoch), the VTEC estimations (the second step) are recursively executed every batch. By using the algorithm, the users who only need the DCBs estimates may stop when the first estimation step finishes, making the computational time efficient. In constructing the algorithm, we applied the orthogonal transformation to ensure that the algorithm is numerically reliable. We then fully utilized the structure of the problem to enable recursive calculations for each estimation step, making the algorithm fast and efficient. We found that the algorithm produces identical results to those calculated using the standard method, but the calculation time is tremendously reduced. Furthermore, the algorithm enables epoch-wise solutions of the VTEC estimates to be rapidly executed using an ordinary laptop computer. In addition, the algorithm is applicable to determine the DCBs and VTEC estimates both in a network mode and a single receiver mode.
RFC1 in an Australasian neurological disease cohort: extending the genetic heterogeneity and implications for diagnostics

Abstract Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome is a progressive, generally late-onset, neurological disorder associated with biallelic pentanucleotide expansions in Intron 2 of the RFC1 gene. The locus exhibits substantial genetic variability, with multiple pathogenic and benign pentanucleotide repeat alleles previously identified. To determine the contribution of pathogenic RFC1 expansions to neurological disease within an Australasian cohort and further investigate the heterogeneity exhibited at the locus, a combination of flanking and repeat-primed PCR was used to screen a cohort of 242 Australasian patients with neurological disease. Patients whose data indicated large gaps within expanded alleles following repeat-primed PCR, underwent targeted long-read sequencing to identify novel repeat motifs at the locus. To increase diagnostic yield, additional probes at the RFC1 repeat region were incorporated into the PathWest diagnostic laboratory targeted neurological disease gene panel to enable first-pass screening of the locus for all samples tested on the panel. Within the Australasian cohort, we detected known pathogenic biallelic expansions in 15.3% (n = 37) of patients. Thirty indicated biallelic AAGGG expansions, two had biallelic ‘Māori alleles’ [(AAAGG)exp(AAGGG)exp], two samples were compound heterozygous for the Māori allele and an AAGGG expansion, two samples had biallelic ACAGG expansions and one sample was compound heterozygous for the ACAGG and AAGGG expansions. Forty-five samples tested indicated the presence of biallelic expansions not known to be pathogenic. A large proportion (84%) showed complex interrupted patterns following repeat-primed PCR, suggesting that these expansions are likely to be comprised of more than one repeat motif, including previously unknown repeats. Using targeted long-read sequencing, we identified three novel repeat motifs in expanded alleles. Here, we also show that short-read sequencing can be used to reliably screen for the presence or absence of biallelic RFC1 expansions in all samples tested using the PathWest targeted neurological disease gene panel. Our results show that RFC1 pathogenic expansions make a substantial contribution to neurological disease in the Australasian population and further extend the heterogeneity of the locus. To accommodate the increased complexity, we outline a multi-step workflow utilizing both targeted short- and long-read sequencing to achieve a definitive genotype and provide accurate diagnoses for patients.
Political liberalism and the metaphysics of languages

Many political theorists believe that a state cannot be neutral when it comes to languages. Legislatures cannot avoid picking a language in which to conduct their business and teachers have to teach their pupils in a language. However, against that, some political liberals argue that liberal neutrality is consistent with the state endorsement of particular languages. Claims to the contrary, they say, are based on a misguided understanding of what neutrality is. I will argue that this line of argument fails, for two reasons. First, the primary challenge to which political liberals should respond is not that of reconciling the promotion of languages with liberal neutrality but, rather, that of reconciling liberal neutrality with the fact that reasonable people disagree about the existence and nature of languages. Second, even if everyone accepted the existence of languages along essentialist lines, one should still doubt the possibility of state neutrality with respect to them, regardless of the conception of neutrality one prefers. The reason why is that human beings cannot care about or value languages so when a state promotes a particular language, it is not supporting the preferences of its citizens but, rather, acting on perfectionist or simply irrational grounds.
A Novel Deep Learning Model for Accurate Pest Detection and Edge Computing Deployment

Simple Summary This research proposes a novel attention mechanism for the task of rice pest detection, aiming to address the issues of complex backgrounds and small size of pests. By dynamically adjusting attention weights, the model effectively focuses on small-scale pests, avoiding distractions from complex background information. Concurrently, we adopt a multi-scale feature fusion technique, successfully extracting rich and distinctive features, thereby further enhancing the model’s performance. Numerous experiments demonstrate superior performance of our model over advanced methods like YOLO, EfficientDet, RetinaDet, and MobileNet in pest detection tasks. Overall, through innovative attention mechanism and feature fusion techniques, our work effectively tackles the critical issues in pest detection, achieving excellent detection results. Abstract In this work, an attention-mechanism-enhanced method based on a single-stage object detection model was proposed and implemented for the problem of rice pest detection. A multi-scale feature fusion network was first constructed to improve the model’s predictive accuracy when dealing with pests of different scales. Attention mechanisms were then introduced to enable the model to focus more on the pest areas in the images, significantly enhancing the model’s performance. Additionally, a small knowledge distillation network was designed for edge computing scenarios, achieving a high inference speed while maintaining a high accuracy. Experimental verification on the IDADP dataset shows that the model outperforms current state-of-the-art object detection models in terms of precision, recall, accuracy, mAP, and FPS. Specifically, a mAP of 87.5% and an FPS value of 56 were achieved, significantly outperforming other comparative models. These results sufficiently demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
Defect formation mechanisms in metal nanowire under cyclic loading: a molecular dynamics study

A series of molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to reveal the fatigue mechanisms in metal nanowires. We applied axial cyclic loading deformation on a copper single-crystal nanowire model and observed the deformation process during cycle evolution. The detailed observation revealed that the deformation mechanisms in the nanowire is essentially different from the case of the macro- and micro-scaled materials because of the lack of dislocation sources. We also found that atomic vacancies were formed continually by dislocation motion even under a simple single-slip condition. The accumulation of vacancies is expected to be a probable mechanism of fatigue in nanomaterials.
Transitivity analysis of selected privilege speeches of Senator Miriam Defensor-Santiago

Politicians use language to express ideologies, manifest power, and persuade people. In this regard, linguists have been interested in studying how language, power, and ideology interplay in political discourse. Several researchers have examined the political rhetoric of some world leaders and politicians. However, results of these studies indicate that there is a dearth of research examining women’s political discourse in the Philippines. The presence of female politicians in leadership positions is limited, which may explain why women’s political discourse is not given much attention. Using Halliday’s (1994) transitivity model, this study seeks to analyze how Sen. Miriam Defensor-Santiago used transitivity processes to manifest social problems, inequalities
Mindful sharenting: how millennial parents balance between sharing and protecting

Background Sharenting, parents’ sharing of personal information about children on social media is becoming increasingly controversial. Its potential risks have drawn some parents to engage in mindful sharenting: parents’ application of strategies to reduce the potentially negative effects of sharenting, as they are aware of the impact sharenting can have on the child’s privacy. Objective This study aims to investigate parents’ motives for engaging in mindful sharenting, the strategies they implement and how relatives and acquaintances react. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with eight mother–father dyads in Belgium. At least one of both respondents had to be born between 1980 and 2000 (i.e., millennial parents), having a child aged between 0 and 6 years. Conversations were transcribed ad verbatim, coded in Nvivo, and were analyzed thematically. Results The reasons leading parents to engage in mindful sharenting were previous negative experiences they encountered or heard of from acquaintances. In addition, parents aimed to safeguard their child’s privacy and prevent any misuse of their identity or any other forms of aggression. Furthermore, certain parents wish to grant their children the freedom to choose which media content about them is shared online at a later stage in life. As parents are aware of potential benefits of sharenting, they employ strategies to ensure their child’s privacy, while still enjoying the benefits sharenting offers them. These strategies include photographing the child from a distance, the child looking away from the camera, focusing only on a body part, covering the face with an emoticon, blurring the face, or cutting recognizable parts from the photo. However, parents engaging in mindful sharenting are also confronted with questions and negative comments from family members and acquaintances. This makes them feel like they must justify their decision. Moreover, they are sometimes confronted with family members posting identifiable pictures of their child, which leads to privacy turbulence, and parents having to clarify and renegotiate the privacy boundaries concerning image sharing. Conclusion Parents deciding to engage in mindful sharenting engage in several strategies to balance between the opportunities sharenting can offer them, the social pressure they experience to post child-related updates, and their objective to protect their child’s privacy. However, some parents face criticism, making them feel pressured to justify their decision and having to clearly explain to family members not to make identifiable pictures of their child available online.
Urine myo-inositol as a novel prognostic biomarker for diabetic kidney disease: a targeted metabolomics study using nuclear magnetic resonance

Background As a leading cause of chronic kidney disease, clinical demand for noninvasive biomarkers of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) beyond proteinuria is increasing. Metabolomics is a popular method to identify mechanisms and biomarkers. We investigated urinary targeted metabolomics in DKD patients. Methods We conducted a targeted metabolomics study of 26 urinary metabolites in consecutive patients with DKD stage 1 to 5 (n = 208) and healthy controls (n = 26). The relationships between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or urine protein-creatinine ratio (UPCR) and metabolites were evaluated. Multivariate Cox analysis was used to estimate relationships between urinary metabolites and the target outcome, end-stage renal disease (ESRD). C statistics and time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were used to assess diagnostic validity. Results During a median 4.5 years of follow-up, 103 patients (44.0%) progressed to ESRD and 65 (27.8%) died. The median fold changes of nine metabolites belonged to monosaccharide and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites tended to increase with DKD stage. Myo-inositol, choline, and citrates were correlated with eGFR and choline, while mannose and myo-inositol were correlated with UPCR. Elevated urinary monosaccharide and TCA cycle metabolites showed associations with increased morality and ESRD progression. The predictive power of ESRD progression was high, in the order of choline, myo-inositol, and citrate. Although urinary metabolites alone were less predictive than serum creatinine or UPCR, myo-inositol had additive effect with serum creatinine and UPCR. In time-dependent ROC, myo-inositol was more predictive than UPCR of 1-year ESRD progression prediction. Conclusion Myo-inositol can be used as an additive biomarker of ESRD progression in DKD.
THE ROLE OF METACOGNITIVE AWARENESS OF READING STRATEGIES AS A PREDICTOR OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT.

Pallavi Panchu 1 , Biju Bahuleyan 2 and Seethalakshmi K 3 . 1. Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India. 2. Professor and HOD, Department of Physiology, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India. 3. Post graduate student, Department of Physiology, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
IMF Dependence of Midnight Bifurcation in the Thermospheric Wind at an Auroral Latitude Based on Nine Winter Measurements in Tromsø, Norway

A thermospheric wind data set from a Fabry‐Perot interferometer (630 nm) and the ion velocity from a Dynasonde in Tromsø, Norway, was analyzed for nine winter seasons to study the dynamics of the thermosphere and F‐region ionosphere at an auroral latitude. This study focused on bifurcation in the zonal component of the neutral wind and ion velocity at midnight and its dependence on the Y component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Ionospheric plasma convection patterns are evidently imprinted on the thermospheric wind variations as aspects of the westward and eastward accelerations at dusk and late morning, respectively. The zonal wind bifurcates immediately before midnight for IMF By < 0, but for By > 0, it inverts gradually into the postmidnight sector. Neutral wind streams, originating from higher latitudes, may result in the dependence because of anti‐sunward plasma flow distorted in the polar cap.
‘No Friend for Sorrow but Memory’: Commemorating Children in Early Post-Plantation Ulster, Ireland

ABSTRACT This paper explores the social visibility of children from Gaelic Irish and settler families during the 17th and 18th centuries given the very significant economic and cultural changes which followed the Plantation of Ulster. Predominantly Protestant settlers from Britain ousted native Catholic congregations from traditional places of worship, which became Protestant churches, and graveyards were now shared with Planter families. Using information from the south and west of the province of Ulster, it examines how children’s memorials may signify the religious, social and/or ethnic identity their families wished to express. It explores how distinctive familial plots were perhaps one means of maintaining complex Gaelic Irish kin relationships in danger of erosion and may have helped settlers replace or strengthen social networks from their original homes. High status interments which included children in prestigious native burial grounds may also have been a means of control and a powerful symbol of subjugation.
Ultrareliable Low-Latency Slicing in Space–Air–Ground Multiaccess Edge Computing Networks for Next-Generation Internet of Things and Mobile Applications

We study the problem of ultrareliable and low-latency slicing in multiaccess edge computing (MEC) systems for the next-generation Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile applications operating in the space–air–ground integrated network. The network has a dynamic topology formed by multiple nonstationary nodes with unstable communication links and unreliable processing/transmission resources. Each node can be in one of two hidden states: 1) reliable—in which the node generates no data errors and no losses and 2) unreliable—when the node can generate/propagate random data errors/losses. Solving this problem is difficult, as it represents the nondeterministic polynomial-time (NP) hard nonconcave nonsmooth stochastic maximization problem which depends on the unknown hidden nodes’ states and private information about local, dynamic parameters of each node, which is known only to this node, and not to other nodes. To address these challenges, we develop a new deep learning (DL) model based on the message passing graph neural network (MPNN) to estimate hidden nodes’ states. We then propose a novel algorithm based on the online alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMMs)—an extension of the well-known classical “static” ADMM to dynamic settings, where our slicing problem can be solved distributedly, in real time, without revealing local (private) information of the nodes. We show that our algorithm converges to a global optimum of the slicing problem and has a good consistent performance even in highly dynamic, unreliable scenarios.
Differential Games. A Mathematical Theory with Applications to Warfare and Pursuit, Control and Optimization

Rufus Isaacs London: John Wiley. 1965. Pp. xxii + 384. Price 113s. Dr. Isaacs has written a book about two characters, P (for Pursuer) and E (for Evader). P is usually aggressive (as an individual he has homicidal tendencies when driving a car) and, when he has the opportunity, he is a warmonger.
Are Canadian Women Prepared for the Transition to Primary HPV Testing in Cervical Screening? A National Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs

As Canadian provinces and territories prepare to transition to HPV-based primary screening for cervical cancer, failure to identify and address potential barriers to screening could hinder program implementation. We examined screening-eligible Canadians’ attitudes towards and knowledge of cervical screening. A nationally representative sample of screening-eligible Canadians (N = 3724) completed a web-based survey in the summer of 2022. Oversampling ensured that half of the sample were underscreened for cervical cancer (>3 years since previous screening or never screened). The participants completed validated scales of cervical cancer, HPV, and HPV test knowledge and HPV test and self-sampling attitudes and beliefs. Between-group differences (underscreened vs. adequately screened) were calculated for scales and items using independent sample t-tests or chi-square tests. The underscreened participants (n = 1871) demonstrated significantly lower knowledge of cervical cancer, HPV, and the HPV test. The adequately screened participants (n = 1853) scored higher on the Confidence and Worries subscales of the HPV Test Attitudes and Beliefs Scale. The underscreened participants scored higher on the Personal Barriers and Social Norms subscales. The underscreened participants also endorsed greater Autonomy conferred by self-sampling. Our findings suggest important differential patterns of knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs between the underscreened and adequately screened Canadians. These findings highlight the need to develop targeted communication strategies and promote patient-centered, tailored approaches in cervical screening programs.