Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the impact of a pattern structure on communicating interaction design advice

This study reports findings from a controlled experiment evaluating the benefits of structuring design advice as patterns. Over the years, the pattern concept from architecture has become a native within the HCI community and its related discussions on sharing design knowledge. It is argued that the context-rich, and tangible, nature of patterns has contributed to its acceptance by the community. And despite a lack of empirical work demonstrating benefits of patterns to design or communication, pattern collections continue to grow in popularity and acceptance. This research responds to the call for much needed empirical work in the area of patterns in HCI, and explores the value of a pattern structure. Our findings suggest that it may be beneficial to combine the strengths (or differences) of each advice structure (pattern and claim) to yield a more robust structure to capture design advice. We arrive on these findings based on evaluating design advice produced using either a pattern or claim structure. Two expert judges using the following four criteria rated the prepared advice: context-of-use described, rationale provide, usefulness of advice, and overall quality. We argue that while patterns may be "natural" approach exploited by design professionals, the discussion on what patterns may have to offer may has been corrupted by a narrow focus on patterns-as-result. We suggest that patterns need a renewed focus and rethink, but this time exploring the benefits of patterns-as-a-process. We also argue that trade-offs in context are integral to a design activity, and why design advice needs to be about resolving trade-offs, and not about specific usability goals. Furthermore, discussing cons as part of the advice can lead to identifying more number of participating design issues, help in scoping the context-of-use, reflect the maturity and confidence in given advice, and potentially seed re-design activity. Design advice, as proposed (i.e., unifying patterns and claims), has the potential to fulfill a gap between theory based design methods and concrete design instances.
Distributed Cooperative Fault-Tolerant Control of High-Speed Trains With Input Saturation and Actuator Faults

In this work, a distributed fault-tolerant control strategy is proposed for cooperative operation of high-speed trains (HSTs) subject to unmodeled dynamics, time-varying external disturbances, input saturation and actuator partial failures. The cooperative control of HSTs is first transformed to the consensus problem of a multi-agent system. Then, the distributed control laws that are equipped with a command filter and an adaptive neural network are developed to achieve the consensus task among the HSTs with predefined displacement and speed profiles. Further, an auxiliary dynamical system is introduced to compensate for the influence of input saturation. Moreover, an adaptive failure compensation strategy is designed to deal with the unknown and time-varying actuator faults. The convergence of the proposed controller is analyzed rigorously by applying the Lyapunov theorem, and the effectiveness is demonstrated by numerical simulations.
Global Mapping of Soil Water Characteristics Parameters - Fusing Curated Data with Machine Learning and Environmental Covariates

Hydrological and climatic modeling of near-surface water and energy fluxes is critically dependent on the availability of soil hydraulic parameters. Key among these parameters is the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC), a function relating soil water content (θ) to matric potential (ψ). The direct measurement of SWCC is laborious, hence, reported values of SWCC are spatially sparse and usually have only a small number of data pairs (θ, ψ) per sample. Pedotransfer function (PTF) models have been used to correlate SWCC with basic soil properties, but evidence suggests that SWCC is also shaped by vegetation-promoted soil structure and climate-modified clay minerals. To capture these effects in their spatial context, a machine learning framework (denoted as Covariate-based GeoTransfer Functions, CoGTFs) was trained using (a) a novel and comprehensive global dataset of SWCC parameters and (b) global maps of environmental covariates and soil properties at 1 km spatial resolution. Two CoGTF models were developed: one model (CoGTF-1) was based on predicted soil covariates because measured soil data are not generally available, and the other (CoGTF-2) used measured soil properties to model SWCC parameters. The spatial cross-validation of CoGTF-1 resulted, for the predicted van Genuchten SWCC parameters, in concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) of 0.321–0.565. To validate the resulting global maps of SWCC parameters and to compare the CoGTF framework to two pedotransfer functions from the literature, the predicted water contents at 0.1 m, 3.3 m, and 150 m matric potential were evaluated. The accuracy metrics for CoGTF were considerably better than PTF-based maps.
Practitioner’s Digest

Women are seen as more risk-avoidant in the workplace, and some have argued that this contributes to occupational gender gaps. Across two correlational and three experimental studies (total N = 2280), we examined the role of consequences of workplace risk-taking in determining the likelihood of taking future risks at work. We found no evidence for overall gender differences in initial risk-taking, and women and men anticipated similar consequences for risks with which they have no experience. However, this stands in contrast to the consequences of risk-taking they have experienced. Here, men reported on average more positive consequences, even for those risks that are more normative for women, translating into a higher likelihood of taking the same risks again. When faced with the same consequences, women and men were equally likely to take the same risks again. Our findings challenge the simple assumption that women are averse to workplace risks and suggest that if and when women do avoid risks, it is because their risk-taking leads to less rewarding consequences. Workplace gender equality initiatives should therefore tackle any inequities of consequences rather than encouraging women to “lean in” and take more risks. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at https://journals.sagepub. com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843221084048.
Herbicide tolerant sugar beet : The most promising first-generation GM crop?

In the spring of 2008, US sugar beet growers started planting genetically modified (GM) herbicide tolerant (HT) varieties at a commercial scale and were one step ahead of Europe, the world's largest producer. In this article we will present a practical graphical rule of thumb for technology providers to assess the value and benefit-sharing of HT technologies. To illustrate this method, we will apply it on Czech and Hungarian beet growing conditions. It is widely known that effective weed control is crucial for economic beet production. Therefore, we graphically analyze heterogeneity of weed pressure and develop a framework for predicting adoption and profitability of HT sugar beet. Our analyses suggest that farmers could substantially gain from GM sugar beet. The total value of this technology is estimated at ∈252-262/ha, of which two thirds accrue to farmers and one third to the seed industry (seed company and technology provider). Our framework predicts high adoption potentials of 60-80%, which underline the importance of the technology for the European sugar sector. Our framework provides a practical tool for breeders, technology providers and seed companies to evaluate new sugar beet varieties incorporating HT traits and licensing contracts between the seed and biotechnology industry.
Isolation Forest Based Submodule Open-Circuit Fault Localization Method for Modular Multilevel Converters

Fault localization is one of the most important issues for modular multilevel converters (MMCs) consisting of numerous switches. This article proposes an isolation forest (IF) based submodule (SM) switch open-circuit fault localization method for MMCs. Based on the continuous sampling SM capacitor voltages, a number of isolation trees (ITs) are produced to construct the IFs for MMCs. Through the comparison of continuous IFs’ outputs, the faulty SM can be effectively localized. The proposed IF-based fault localization method only requires SM capacitor voltages in the MMC to construct concise low-data-volume tree models, and uses sparsity and difference properties of outlier data to localize fault, and accordingly it simplifies calculation complexity. In addition, it does not require the MMC's mathematical models and manual setting of empirical thresholds. Simulation and experiment are conducted, and the results confirm the effectiveness of proposed method.
Development of a Temperature-Based Seed Germination Model for Silverleaf Nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium)

Abstract Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) has become a highly troublesome weed in irrigated summer crops in Israel. Because herbicide-based options to control this weed are limited, the best way to improve weed control is through a study of its biology, particularly its germination dynamics. The main objective of this study was to determine the impact of temperature on the seed germination dynamics of S. elaeagnifolium and to develop a temperature-based (thermal) prediction model for three S. elaeagnifolium populations growing in different ecosystems in Israel. To this end, a laboratory study was undertaken in which the germination proportion of S. elaeagnifolium seeds was monitored under seven temperature regimes: 2/8, 7/ 13, 12/18, 17/23, 22/28, 27/33, and 32/38 C (night/day). In addition, the impact of alternating temperature regimes between night and day temperatures (of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 C), averaged over 20 and 25 C, was determined. It was found that the three populations shared similar germination characteristics and dynamics. An alternation of ≥6 C between night and day temperatures was needed for optimal germination, with no germination taking place under constant temperatures. In all three populations, the minimal requirement for germination was a 12/18 C (night/day) regime, with the final germination proportion lying between 0.25 and 0.36. The highest final germination proportion of ≥0.8 was observed for the 17/23 C regime in all three populations. Modeling the germination rate as a function of temperature allowed us to determine cardinal temperatures for all three populations taken together, with the values being Tb = 10.8 C (base temperature), To = 23.8 C (optimal temperature), and Tc = 35.9 C (ceiling temperature). These biological parameters allowed accurate (root mean-square error < 0.06%) prediction of S. elaeagnifolium seed germination over the entire temperature range.
Temporal Dynamics of the Goose Habitat in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the most important areas for geese to overwinter in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway, where about 180,000 geese fly to overwinter each year. Over the past 20 years, the region has experienced extensive and rapid land cover changes that may have exceeded the adaptability of geese, and have led to suitable goose habitat area loss, thereby, reducing the stability of the geese population. In order to identify the suitable goose habitat areas in this region, based on ensemble modeling and satellite tracking data, in this study, we simulated the spatial distribution changes in the suitable goose habitat areas over the past 20 years. The results showed that the suitable goose habitat areas had suffered varying degrees of loss, among which, the lesser white-fronted goose had the greatest suitable goose habitat area loss of over 50%. Moreover, we found that wetlands, lakes, and floodplains were the key components of suitable goose habitat areas, and the categories (land use) showed significant differences in different periods (p < 0.01). This may be one of the main reasons for the decrease in suitable goose habitat areas. The results of this study provide an important reference for the adaptive management and protection of geese in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Case Series on the Long-Term Effect of Three Different Types of Maxillary Implant-Supported Overdentures on Clinical Outcomes and Complications

(1) Long-term data on maxillary implant overdentures (IODs) are scarce. This case series evaluated three types of IODs supported by six, four or three implants (Anyridge®, Mega’Gen Implant Co., Ltd., Daegu, South-Korea), after 3–5 years in function. (2) A total of 31 patients, with 132 implants, were non-randomly allocated based on available bone or financial limitations. IOD-6 received a telescopic overdenture; IOD-4 a bar; and IOD-3, non-connected implants with locator abutments. Implant survival, bone level changes, probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque index, bleeding on probing (BOP), and technical, biological and aesthetic complications were registered. Impact of suprastructures on bone loss and PPD was analyzed using mixed-effect linear regression models. Differences between groups were analyzed using the ANOVA test for BOP, and Kruskal Wallis test for complications. (3) In total, 23 patients participated in the follow-up (9 female, 14 male), with average age of 62.2 years; 7, 11 and 5 patients in IOD-6, IOD-4 and IOD-3, respectively. Implant survival after 4.4 years on average, was 98% in total; 100%, 97.8% and 93.3% for IOD-6, IOD-4 and IOD-3, respectively. Mean bone loss corresponded to 0.68 mm (SD 1.06, range −4.57–1.51), 0.39 mm (SD 1.06, range −3.6–2.43), and 1.42 mm (SD 1.68, range −5.11–0.74) for IOD-6, IOD-4 and IOD-3, respectively. A statistically significant difference was seen in bone level when comparing IOD-6 to IOD-3 (p = 0.044), and IOD-4 to IOD-3 (p = 0.018). Mean PPD was 3.8 mm (SD: 0.69; range 2.5–5.3), 3.5 mm (SD 0.59; range 2.33–5), and 3.2 mm (SD 0.56; range 2–4) for IOD-6, IOD-4 and IOD-3, respectively, and differed significantly between IOD-6 and IOD-3 (p = 0.029). Incidence of peri-implantitis was 1%. No differences were seen for complications between groups. (4) Maxillary IOD supported by four to six implants is the most reliable treatment regarding implant survival and peri-implant health. More research is needed in the clinical outcomes, in particular the peri-implant health, and complications of maxillary IODs, especially with a reduced number of implants.
Girinos de três espécies do gênero Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura – Bufonidae) ocorrentes no Estado da Bahia, Brasil

Este estudo oferece uma contribuição ao conhecimento da biologia e taxonomia do gênero Rhinella Fitzinger, 1826, por meio da descrição morfológica dos girinos de Rhinella granulosa (Spix, 1824), Rhinella hoogmoedi (Caramaschi & Pombal, 2006) e Rhinella jimi (Stévaux, 2002) ocorrentes no Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Também compara a morfologia dos girinos deste estudo com as descrições de girinos de outras espécies do gênero.
Reaction Sintering of Machinable TiB2-BN-C Ceramics with In-Situ Formed h-BN Nanostructure

Soft TiB2-BN-C hetero-modulus ceramics were sintered with the assistance of in-situ reactions during the hot pressing of TiN-B4C precursors. TiB2 formation was observed already after the hot pressing at 1100 °C, remaining the only phase identifiable by XRD even after sintering at 1500 °C. Analysis of reaction kinetics allows us to assume that the most probable reaction controlling stage is boron atoms sublimation and gas phase transfer from B4C to TiN. Reactive sintering route allows almost full densification of TiB2-BN-C composite ceramics at 1900 °C. The processes enable the formation of multilayer h-BN nanosheets inside the TiB2 matrix. The manufactured TiB2-33BN-13C ceramic with K1C = 5.3 MPa·m1/2 and HV = 1.6 GPa is extremely thermal shock-resistant at least up to quenching temperature differential of 800 °C. The sintered UHTC composite can be machined into complex geometry components.
Efficacy of halosulfuron-methyl in the management of Navua sedge (Cyperus aromaticus): differential responses of plants with and without established rhizomes

Abstract Navua sedge is a creeping perennial sedge commonly found in tropical environments and is currently threatening many agroecosystems and ecosystems in Pacific Island countries and northern Queensland, Australia. Pasture and crop productions have been significantly impacted by this weed. The efficacy of halosulfuron-methyl on Navua sedge plants with and without well-established rhizomes was evaluated under glasshouse conditions. Halosulfuron-methyl was applied to plants with established rhizomes at three stages; mowed, pre-flowering, and flowering growth stages, whereas plants without established rhizomes were treated at seedling, pre-flowering and flowering growth stages. At each application time, halosulfuron-methyl was applied at four dose rates of 0, 38, 75, and 150 g ai ha–1. Mortality of 27.5%, 0%, and 5% was recorded in rhizomatous Navua sedge when treated with 75 g ai ha–1 of halosulfuron-methyl at the mowed, pre-flowering stage and flowering stages, respectively. At 10 wk after treatment (WAT), there were no tillers in surviving plants treated at any of the application times. By 16 WAT, the number of tillers increased to 15, 24, and 26 in mowed, pre-flowering, and flowering stages, respectively. Although halosulfuron-methyl is effective in controlling aboveground growth, subsequent emergence of new growth from the rhizome confirms the failure of the herbicide to kill the rhizome. Application of 75 g ai ha–1 of halosulfuron-methyl provided 100% mortality in plants treated at seedling and pre-flowering stages, and 98% mortality when treated at flowering stage in non-rhizomatous plants. A single application of halosulfuron-methyl is highly effective at controlling Navua sedge seedlings but not effective at controlling plants with established rhizomes. Nomenclature: Halosulfuron-methyl; Navua sedge; Cyperus aromaticus (Ridley) Mattf. & Kukenth
The bonded-particle model as a tool for rock mechanics research and application: current trends and future directions

We generalize our view of a bonded-particle model (BPM) to consist of a base material (that is a packed assembly of rigid grains joined by deformable and breakable cement at grain–grain contacts) to which larger-scale joints can be added and whose mechanical behavior is simulated by the distinct-element method using the two- and three-dimensional discontinuum programs PFC2D and PFC3D. The micromechanical processes that control brittle fracture, and thus, should inform any micromechanical theory or model, are summarized. The rich variety of microstructural models that can be produced by the bonded-particle modeling methodology are described and classified with respect to their microstructural and larger-scale features. These models provide a wide range of rock behaviors that encompass both compact and porous rock at both an intact and rock-mass scale, and examples are provided of how BPMs are being used to model rock at these scales. The examples include an intact anisotropic material that may swell and contract in response to changes in saturation, the behavior of two alternative BPMs that can match both the uniaxial and tensile strengths of compact rock and the embedding of an intact BPM within a larger continuum model to study fracturing around a gold-mine stope in quartzite.
Distance Protection Methodology for Detection of Faulted Phase and Fault Along With Power Swing Using Apparent Impedance

In this paper, a novel distance protection methodology that uses apparent impedance and concentric characteristics to identify faults and faulty phases along with power swing condition is proposed. The rate of change of apparent impedance is used to identify the fault or power swing condition. If a fault is detected, the relative location of the apparent impedance of the six distance elements with respect to their concentric characteristics is used to identify the faulty phases. The distance element(s) that compute the correct apparent impedance is(are) then enabled, which then issues the trip signal if the zone criterion is met. The proposed distance protection methodology is validated in Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) Nine Bus System in MATLAB/Simulink by simulating various fault and power swing conditions. The results from the case studies proved that the proposed distance protection methodology could enable the right distance elements and issue trip signals during common faults and special kinds of faults like evolving and cross-country faults. Compared to others, the distinguishing feature of the proposed algorithm is its ability to identify the exact faulty phases even during special fault conditions like evolving and cross-country faults. The distance relay using the proposed methodology can issue the trip signal within one cycle for common faults and within one and half-cycle for evolving and cross-country faults.
CHARACTERIZATION OF GLYCOCUNJUGATE DISTRIBUTION IN THE EPIDIDYMIS OF THE JAVAN MUNTJACS (Muntiacus muntjak muntjak)

The presence of glycoconjugates in caput, corpus, and cauda epididymis of the Javan muntjacs was performed using lectin histochemical method. The epididymis organs were obtained from two adult male Javan muntjacs in hard antler stage and then immediately fixed in Bouin’s solution and processed in histological manner. Six types of biotinylated lectins namely Peanut agglutinin (PNA), Soybean agglutinin (SBA), Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA), Concanavalin A (Con A), and Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA I) were applied to detect the specific glycoconjugates in the epididymal tissue of muntjacs. The result showed the presence of glycoconjugates were detected by five types of lectins except UEA I in caput, corpus, and cauda epididymis with specific distribution and also the intensity of lectins binding. Glycoconjugates β-galactose, β-glucose, mannose, N-acetyl-galactosamine, N-acetyl-glucosamine, and sialic acid were stained with various intensity in epithelial cells, basal cells, stereocilia, spermatozoa, and stroma of caput, corpus, and cauda epididymis. The presence of sialic acid on the surface of spermatozoa detected by WGA are thought to be play a role on sperm protection during their maturation and transit along epididymal lumen. In conclusion, the difference of glycoconjugates distribution pattern and lectin binding in the epididymal caput, corpus, and cauda of the Javan muntjac indicates the regional differences in epididymal function in spermatozoa maturation.