Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LBY135, a novel anti‐DR5 agonistic antibody induces tumor cell–specific cytotoxic activity in human colon tumor cell lines and xenografts

TRAIL (TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand) induces apoptosis on binding to DR4 and DR5 receptors on the surface of tumor cells. These receptors are of particular interest in the development of cancer therapeutics as they preferentially mediate tumor cell apoptosis. We have generated a chimeric anti‐DR5 agonistic antibody, LBY135, from its murine parental antibody, LCR211, identified using hybridoma technology. Both LCR211 and LBY135 specifically bind to DR5 with nanomolar affinity, mimic TRAIL to induce cell death in tumor cells, and have little effect on non‐transformed cells in vitro. The anti‐DR5 antibody reduced viability in 45% of a panel of 40 human colon cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 20 nM or less. In vivo, using human colorectal tumor xenograft mouse models, LCR211 induced tumor regression and showed enhanced efficacy when combined with 5‐FU. Both in vitro evaluation of ADCC (antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity) and CDC (complement‐dependent cytotoxicity), and in vivo studies using a non‐functional DR5 specific antibody or SCID‐Beige mice, suggested ADCC and CDC are unlikely to be the mechanism to ablate tumors in vivo. LBY135 and LCR211 appear to mediate cell death and tumor regression mainly through apoptosis, as demonstrated by the activation of caspase 3, caspase 8, M30, and TUNEL assay. In addition, the discovery of synergy between cross‐linked LBY135 and TRAIL not only revealed the unique epitope of LBY135, but also demonstrated an additional mechanism of action for LBY135 in vivo. LBY135 demonstrates promise as a novel therapeutic for cancer treatment and is currently in Phase I clinical trials. Drug Dev Res 69: 69–82, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vegetation history and water fluctuations at Lake Leake, south-eastern South Australia. 1. 10,000 B.P. to present

The stratigraphy and detailed pollen analysis of the top 4 m of sediment in Lake Leake were used to describe the vegetation history and past changes in the water level in the lake basin. Some of the changes described have climatic significance. Six radiocarbon dates are used to place a chronology on these events and the results are used to compare previous work carried out in western Victoria. It is suggested that in south-eastern South Australia, immediately prior to 10,000 B.P., conditions were drier than at present and that after this time conditions became wetter, the wettest period of the last 10,000 years occurring between 6900 and 5000 B.P. After this time conditions became drier, marginally wetter again between 2000 and 1300 B.P., then relatively dry until the present day. Keys to aid in the identification of pollen of the Casuarinaceae, Myriophyllum and the Myrtaceae for species growing in the Lower South-East of South Australia are given.
Variation in leaf physiology among three provenances of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in provenance trial in Serbia

The paper presents the results of investigation of variability of net photosynthesis (A), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs) and water use efficiency (WUE) of three European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances in the provenance trial established on Fruska Gora Mt. Provenances originate from three localities along a gradient from the north to the south of Europe: Pfalzgrafenweiler (Germany), Grenchen (Swiss) and Valkonya (Hungary). Results indicate that observed parameters were influenced both by environmental conditions of sites and genetic constitution of provenances. On the basis of ANOVA procedure it was observed significant differences among provenances in terms of rate of transpiration (p_0.037) and water use efficiency (p_0.011), while differences regarding net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were not statistically significant. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) was performed in order to estimate multivariate relations among analyzed physiological parameters. Provenances were separated by the first canonical axis (CD1), which described 96.4% of variability. Provenance from the driest site (Valkonya) showed the highest water use efficiency, indicating on high potential for afforestation programmes in more arid areas. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 43002: Biosensing Technologies and Global System for Long-Term Research and Integrated Management of Ecosystems]
Mechanical site preparation impacts on soil properties and vegetation communities in the Northwest Territories

Greater utilization of hardwood species and societal concerns over maintenance of ecological integrity have provided impetus for forest managers to consider alternative silvicultural practices in boreal mixedwood forests. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of five mechanical site preparation (MSP) treatments on soil properties and understory vegetation of mixedwood stands in the Northwest Territories (NWT). Soil and understory vegetation conditions in treatments (3 years post-MSP treatment) and adjacent uncut forest controls were sampled. Significant Shearblade  Grizz R-ex and Shearblade treatment soil property effects were consistently found. Increases in bulk density (307%) and decreases for total organic carbon (92%); total nitrogen (86%); cation exchange capacity (74%); and exchangeable calcium (72%), magnesium (67%), and potassium (75%) in the soil surface (012.8 cm) were observed. Increases in mineral soil pH (1.0 units), total organic carbon (94%), cation exchange capacity (2.
Growth performance, morphometric traits and gonad development of induced reciprocal diploid and triploid hybrids between the mud loach (Misgurnus mizolepis Günther) and cyprinid loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Cantor)

Two species of loach, the mud loach (Misgurnus mizolepis Gunther) and the cyprinid loach (M. anguillicaudatus Cantor), are commercially important in Korea both for food and ceremonial purposes. The mud loach has superior potential for aquaculture in terms of growth, whereas the cyprinid loach has a more desirable body shape and colour. This study was conducted to produce reciprocal diploid and triploid hybrids and to evaluate their potential benefits in culture by examining growth performance, morphometrics and gonad development. Reciprocal diploid and triploid hybridization was performed by artificial insemination without or with the induction of triploidy. The successful formation of diploid or triploid karyogamy was verified by flow cytometric analysis. Body weights of induced reciprocal diploid hybrids were intermediate between those of the two parental species, i.e. hybrids were heavier than cyprinid loach but lighter than mud loach. In contrast, the growth performance of triploid hybrids was similar to that of their corresponding maternal parents. Diploid hybrids showed intermediate morphometric traits between the two species; however, the body proportions of triploid hybrids were more similar to those of the maternal species than the paternal species. Histological analyses indicated that reciprocal diploid hybrids of both sexes were able to reach maturity, as evidenced by the presence of mature oocytes or spermatozoa in the gonad tissues. However, triploid hybrids showed stringent sterility at the gonadic level; the sizes of ovaries and testes were much smaller, and gonad development was abnormal and significantly retarded.
School-to-work transition of young people in Greater Jakarta: the determinants of success

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyse the determinants of successful school-to-work transition of young adults in Greater Jakarta. The study argues that the most consistent and significant influences on successful transition among young adults are micro predictors rather than mezzo predictors. Education has a strong positive relationship to successful school to work transition particularly in attaining stable job category. This study also found that traditional culture is likely to have negative influences on the successful transition of young women, while a positive transition is experienced by young men. Education is a key strategy in reducing the negative impacts of traditional cultural values and promoting successful school-to-work transition particularly if both young men and women are to attain stable employment.
Influence of temperature on pathways to methane production in the permanently cold profundal sediment of Lake Constance

The in situ temperature of the profundal sediment of Lake Constance is constant at 4°C. Methanogenic bacteria could not be detected at 6°C by the most probable number (MPN) technique using acetate and H2CO2 as methanogenic substrates. Instead, homoacetogenic bacteria were detected on H2CO2. At a higher temperature of 20°C, however, methanogenic bacteria were found in numbers of about 105 cells ml−1 with H2CO2 and about 5 × 104 cells ml−1 with acetate. However, CH4 production was observed at both 4°C and 20°C. Production of CH4 was inhibited by chloroform and fluoroacetate and the accumulation of intermediary metabolites was measured. At the in situ temperature of 4°C, only acetate accumulated in presence of chloroform. Hydrogen partial pressures were at the same low value of about 0.5 Pa as in the uninhibited control. The amount of accumulated acetate was similar to that of CH4 in the uninhibited controls. Similar results were obtained with fluoroacetate which inhibits methanogenesis from acetate. Addition of H14CO3− did not result in the formation of 14CH4 after 28 days of incubation. However, [2-14C]acetate was immediately converted to 14CH4. The results indicate that methanogenesis at 4°C was exclusively due to acetate cleavage. At 20°C, by contrast, accumulation of H2 was observed in addition to that of acetate, propionate, valerate, caproate, methanol and isopropanol, when CH4 production was inhibited by chloroform. Thermodynamic calculations indicated that the accumulation of the fatty acids was a consequence of feedback inhibition by the accumulated H2. Balance calculations indicated that at 20° about 22% of the CH4 originated from reduction of CO2. Experiments with H14CO3− indicated that about 33% of the CH4 originated from H2CO2 at 20°C. Thermodynamic calculations showed that homoacetogenesis from H2CO2 was endergonic, whereas methanogenesis from acetate or H2CO2 was exergonic at both 4°C and 20°C. Low sediment temperatures obviously limited methanogenesis from H2CO2 for reasons other than thermodynamics. Simultaneously, degradation processes seemed to be dominated by homoacetogenic degradation of organic matter followed by acetoclastic methanogenesis. However, increase of temperature resulted in a dramatic shift of the degradation pathway enhancing the role of H2 as an intermediate.
Multivariate analysis of intraspecific responses to UV-B radiation in white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is experiencing increased levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation in temperate pastures due to the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer. Based on 17 morphological, morphogenetic and physiological attributes, this study analysed the consequences of enhanced UV-B on 26 white clover populations using principal components analysis (PCA). After 18 d of exposure to 13·3 kJ m−2 d−1 UV-B in controlled environments, UV-B significantly decreased above-ground and below-ground plant growth attributes, epidermal cell surface area and maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm). Aspects of cell division and cell expansion both were negatively affected by UV-B. Stomatal density, specific leaf mass, root-to-shoot ratio and levels of UV-B-absorbing compounds increased in response to UV-B. In the multivariate analysis, the main dimension of UV-B sensitivity was characterized by changes in plant growth attributes. Alterations in partitioning within and between plant organs constituted a secondary tier of UV-B responsiveness. Plant characteristics related to UV-B tolerance included lower growth rate, smaller epidermal cell surface area and higher UV-B-induced levels of UV-B-absorbing compounds. The results suggest overall UV-B tolerance for slower-growing populations from less productive habitats with higher natural UV-B irradiance.
Epidemiologic characteristics of catastrophic musculoskeletal injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses

Objective—To determine characteristics, incidence rate, and possible associations with selected demographic characteristics of catastrophic musculoskeletal injuries (CMIs) in Thoroughbred racehorses. Animals—76 Thoroughbreds with CMIs. Procedures—Incidence rates of CMIs during racing or training were calculated with number of CMIs as the numerator and overall numbers of races or training events during 2004 and 2005 as the denominators. Exact 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Associations between incidence and dichotomous exposure factors, nominal factors, and ordinal factors were determined. Only univariable associations were examined. Results—76 horses were euthanized because of CMI and represented 2.36 and 1.69 deaths/1,000 racing starts in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Of these, 57 were euthanized within 60 days before or after a race, which yielded a point incidence of 1.05/1,000 racing starts and 0.39/1,000 training starts. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Incidence rate of CMIs at 2 Ontario.
Identification personified

Forensic practitioners are beginning to acknowledge that there is more to identifying trace evidence than the methodology on which they rely. Instead, identification is based on human decision making, which is prone to error. The problem is that we know very little about how these decisions are made, how often errors arise, what to do about them if they occur, and how to acknowledge the risk of error in courts. Dealing with errors in forensic science is not simply a matter of ‘getting rid of the bad apples’. Instead, we must develop resilient systems that identify and enhance the positive capacities of people and organisations that allow them to adapt effectively under pressure. The recognition of error in forensic practice is an excellent first step in strengthening the field, but ‘more and better research’ still needs to be conducted to understand better the nature of expertise in identification to improve training and the value of expert testimony.
Morphology of the antennal sensilla in four Australian spittlebug species (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) with implications for phylogeny

The antennal sense organs of four Australian spittlebugs, Aufidus trifasciatus Stal, Euryaulax carnifex (Fabricius), Petyllis deprivata (Walker) and Tonnoiria tasmaniae Lallemand (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) are described for the first time, based on scanning electron microscope observations. Four major types of sense organs were found: one basiconic sensillum and 8–9 coeloconic sensilla on the expanded flagellar base, and several trichoid sensilla and one campaniform sensillum on the pedicel. The antennal sensilla found in the four species show very similar patterns in their shape, distribution and arrangement and this suggests that the genera Aufidus Stal, Petyllis Kirkaldy and Tonnoiria Lallemand, all currently placed in the Afrotropical and Oriental tribe Rhinaulacini, may belong to the Australian tribe Euryaulacini. In addition, the history of the nomenclature of two Australian species previously assigned to the genus Eoscarta is reviewed, and the following two resurrected combinations established: Euryaulax carnifex (Fabricius) comb. rev. and Euryaulax vacuola (Jacobi) comb. rev.
Food of the white‐tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla in Greenland

Six nests of white-tailed eagles in the southernmost Greenland were watched during the nestling period and food items recorded photographically by remote controlled cameras. The species composition of the food was representative even for the adult eagles' diet. Fish made up a major part of 90%, various bird species and arctic fox pups the remaining 10%. The total intake of an eaglet amounted lo 50 kg from hatching to fledging. The daily requirements of fledglings, some 800 g fish food, are equal to previously reported values for older birds. The rate of food consumption of eaglets is constant through most of the nestling period.
Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Zoology

Well, someone can decide by themselves what they want to do and need to do but sometimes, that kind of person will need some report on the scientific results of the voyage of h m s challenger during the years 1873 76 z v 07 references. People with open minded will always try to seek for the new things and information from many sources. On the contrary, people with closed mind will always think that they can do it by their principals. So, what kind of person are you?
The influence of growth rate on the size of migrating female eels in Lake Ellesmere, New Zealand

Lake Ellesmere, a large coastal lake in the South Island of New Zealand, supports an important commercial eel fishery, based mainly on migrating (silver) male Anguilla australis. Lengths of silver female eels from samples collected in 1942, 1974–1982 and 1998–1999 showed an initial decline between 1942 and 1974 but an increase from 1979 onwards. Back-calculated growth rates of 50 female silver eels caught in 1998 showed that most (90%) exhibited a period of accelerated linear growth commencing at lengths between 380 and 660 mm (mean 598 mm); this accelerated growth coincided with a change in diet to piscivory. The onset of maturity was more closely associated with length than age, condition, or growth rate. The increase in average length of female silver eels of 250 mm over the past 20 years is consistent with the hypothesis that female eels adopt a size-maximizing growth strategy to ensure maximum fecundity; this is the first time this hypothesis has been demonstrated from temporal changes within a single population.
Creativity 101

Creativity 101 is just one of an intriguing and expanding series of books published by Springer under the general title of The Psych 101 Series. The Series is introduced in the following way: Short, reader-friendly introduction to cutting-edge topics in psychology. With key concepts, controversial topics and fascinating accounts of up-to-the-minute research. The Psych 101 Series is a valuable resource for all students of psychology and anyone interested in the field.
Response of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seedlings to manganese

Long-term research in north-central Pennsylvania has revealed high levels (>2000 ppm) of foliar Mn in seedlings and overstory sugar maples (Acer saccharum Marsh.). To determine thresholds for sensitivity of sugar maple to Mn, 4-week-old seedlings growing in sand were irrigated for 8 weeks with nutrient solution (pH 3.8) containing 0.1 (control), 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg Mn/L. Seedling mortality occurred at 40 (92%) and 80 (100%) mg Mn/L. At lower Mn, seedling dry mass decreased with increasing Mn concentrations; root growth was inhibited more than shoot growth. Foliar concentrations of all mineral nutrients except P were significantly reduced by Mn. Symptoms of Mn toxicity included chlorosis and necrosis in leaves, darkened root tips, and loosening of outer cortical cells in roots. Cellular symptoms observed in Mn-treated seedlings (5 mg/L and higher) included irregularities in cell shape, increased vacuolation, and swollen mitochondria in root meristems; leaves showed discrete electron-dense areas in chlo.
Genotype and environment effect on canning quality of dry bean grown in Saskatchewan

Canning quality traits of dry bean are affected by both the genotype and the environment. This study was conducted to determine the effects of genotype, environment and the genotype × environment interaction on canning quality traits of selected navy bean, black bean and pinto bean cultivars. Three cultivars each of navy bean and black bean and two cultivars of pinto bean were grown at several sites across Saskatchewan in the summer of 1995 and 1996. Dry bean seed samples from five sites for navy bean, four sites for black bean and six sites for pinto bean grown over 2 yr were evaluated for canning quality traits using a modified laboratory canning protocol. The cultivar effect was significant for most canning quality traits in all three bean classes. For most canning quality traits, the cultivar × year × site interaction variance predominated over the corresponding cultivar × year or cultivar × site variances and, hence, the first order interactions were considered relatively unimportant. The occurrence .
Politically Engaged Muslims in Malaysia in the Era of Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (2003–2009)

Abstract Long regarded as an embodiment of tolerant Islam and peacefully co-existing with modernisation within a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society, Malaysia unexpectedly aroused much attention as a potential breeding ground for Muslim radicals in the aftermath of catalytic events which pitted the West against the Muslim world. Malaysian Muslims are said to be susceptible to Middle Eastern-originated radicalism, as exemplified in interlocking transnational contacts and agendas sowed between increasingly globalised Muslim networks adept in exploiting latest trappings of modernity. This article urges readers to engage in deeper reflection on the local dynamics of Malaysia's Islamisation process, in order to arrive at a more nuanced understanding of challenges posed by politically engaged Muslims in Malaysia. It is argued that, belying the regime's profession of a progressive Islam known as Islam Hadhari, Malaysia under Abdullah Ahmad Badawi's Premiership witnessed an abrupt escalation of inter-religious tension which not only threatened to disrupt communal harmony and nation-building, but also posed a security risk. The origins of such instability could arguably be located to the peculiar manner in which politically-laden Islam is applied by the regime, in particular by its home-nurtured Islamic bureaucracy.
Multi-scale responses of plant species diversity in semi-natural buffer strips to agricultural landscapes

ABSTRACT Question: How does agricultural land usage affect plant species diversity in semi-natural buffer strips at multiple scales? Location: Lepsämä River watershed, Nurmijärvi, Southern Finland. Methods: Species diversity indicators included both richness and evenness. Plant communities in buffer strips were surveyed in 29 sampling sites. Using ArcGIS Desktop 9.0 (ArcInfo) and Fragstats 3.3 for GIS analysis, the landscape composition around each sampling site was characterized by seven parameters in square sectors at five scales: 4, 36, 100, 196, and 324 ha. For each scale, Principle Component Analysis was used to examine the importance of each structural metric to diversity indicators using multiple regression and other simple analyses. Results: For all but the smallest scales (4 ha), two structural metrics including the diversity of land cover types and percentage of arable land were positively and negatively correlated with species richness, respectively. Both metrics had the highest correlation coefficients for species richness at the second largest scale (196 ha). The density of arable field edges between the fields was the only metric that correlated with species evenness for all scales, which had highest predictive power at the second smallest scale (36 ha). Conclusions: Species richness and evenness of buffer strips had scale-dependent relationships to land use in agricultural ecosystems. The results of this study indicated that species richness depends on the pattern of arable land use at large scales, which may relate to the regional species pool. Meanwhile, species evenness depended on the level of field edge density at small scales, which relates to how the nearby farmland was divided by the edges (e.g. many small-scale fields with high edge density or a few big-scale fields with low edge density). This implies that it is important to manage the biodiversity of buffer strips within a landscape context at multiple scales. Nomenclature: Hämet-Ahti et al. 1998.