Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tau expression and phosphorylation in enteroendocrine cells

Background and objective There is mounting evidence to suggest that the gut-brain axis is involved in the development of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this regard, the enteroendocrine cells (EEC), which faces the gut lumen and are connected with both enteric neurons and glial cells have received growing attention. The recent observation showing that these cells express alpha-synuclein, a presynaptic neuronal protein genetically and neuropathologically linked to PD came to reinforce the assumption that EEC might be a key component of the neural circuit between the gut lumen and the brain for the bottom-up propagation of PD pathology. Besides alpha-synuclein, tau is another key protein involved in neurodegeneration and converging evidences indicate that there is an interplay between these two proteins at both molecular and pathological levels. There are no existing studies on tau in EEC and therefore we set out to examine the isoform profile and phosphorylation state of tau in these cells. Methods Surgical specimens of human colon from control subjects were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using a panel of anti-tau antibodies together with chromogranin A and Glucagon-like peptide-1 (two EEC markers) antibodies. To investigate tau phosphorylation and expression further, two EEC lines, namely GLUTag and NCI-H716 were analyzed by western blot after dephosphorylation with pan-tau and tau isoform specific antibodies. Eventually, GLUTag were treated with propionate and butyrate, two short chain fatty acids known to sense EEC, and analyzed at different time points by western blot with an antibody specific for tau phosphorylated at Thr205. Results We found that tau is expressed and phosphorylated in EEC in adult human colon and that both EEC lines mainly express two tau isoforms that are phosphorylated under basal condition. Both propionate and butyrate regulated tau phosphorylation state by decreasing its phosphorylation at Thr205. Conclusion and inference Our study is the first to characterize tau in human EEC and in EEC lines. As a whole, our findings provide a basis to unravel the functions of tau in EEC and to further investigate the possibility of pathological changes in tauopathies and synucleinopathies.
Target adjacency effect estimation using ground spectrum measurement and Landsat-5 Satellite data

This paper addresses the estimation of adjacency effect in ground spectrum and Landsat-5 pixels. The adjacency effect influences the digital number value of a pixel by adding surface surrounding scatter signals and path scatter signals at the sensor. Along with the increasing use of satellite high-resolution imagery and quantitative remote sensing, much attention has been paid to the experimental measurement and estimation of the natural phenomena of adjacency effects. Based on the theory of radiation transfer, a procedure was designed to measure the reflectance from the surface target materials and the materials in a box which is 1.5 m above the surface to avoid upwelling reflectance. At every 3/spl times/3 sites, the measurement was carried out during 10:30 to 13:30 of local time at the Guanting Remote Sensing Test Site in north Beijing. The results show that the adjacency effect becomes stronger from visible, near infrared to shortwave infrared wavelength; the adjacency effect weakens with the increase of distance between testing site. At last, the adjacency effect of Landsat-5 image was corrected, and the quality of the resulting image was improved.
Genetic consequences of effective and suboptimal dosing with mutagenic drugs in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Abstract Mutagenic antiviral drugs have shown promise against multiple viruses, but concerns have been raised about whether their use might promote the emergence of new and harmful viral variants. Recently, genetic signatures associated with molnupiravir use have been identified in the global SARS-COV-2 population. Here, we examine the consequences of using favipiravir and molnupiravir to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection in a hamster model, comparing viral genome sequence data collected from (1) untreated hamsters, and (2) from hamsters receiving effective and suboptimal doses of treatment. We identify a broadly linear relationship between drug dose and the extent of variation in treated viral populations, with a high proportion of this variation being composed of variants at frequencies of less than 1 per cent, below typical thresholds for variant calling. Treatment with an effective dose of antiviral drug was associated with a gain of between 7 and 10 variants per viral genome relative to drug-free controls: even after a short period of treatment a population founded by a transmitted virus could contain multiple sequence differences to that of the original host. Treatment with a suboptimal dose of drug showed intermediate gains of variants. No dose-dependent signal was identified in the numbers of single-nucleotide variants reaching frequencies in excess of 5 per cent. We did not find evidence to support the emergence of drug resistance or of novel immune phenotypes. Our study suggests that where onward transmission occurs, a short period of treatment with mutagenic drugs may be sufficient to generate a significant increase in the number of viral variants transmitted.
Transcriptomic analysis of diverse organisms reveals the rareness of genetic assimilation in environmental adaptations

Genetic assimilation is the evolutionary process by which an environmentally induced phenotype becomes genetically encoded and constitutive. Genetic assimilation has been proposed as the concluding step in the plasticity-first model of environmental adaptation and has been observed in multiple species, but its prevalence has not been systematically investigated. By analyzing transcriptomic data collected upon reciprocal transplant, we address this question in the experimental evolution, domestication, or natural evolution of a bacterial, a fungal, a plant, and four animal species. We find that genetic assimilation of environment-induced gene expression is the exception rather than the rule and that substantially more genes retain than lose their expression plasticity upon organismal adaptations to new environments. The probability of genetic assimilation varies among genes and decreases with the number of transcription factors controlling the gene and the expression level of the gene, supporting the hypothesis that genetic assimilation results primarily from passive losses of gene regulations that are not mutationally robust. Therefore, at the level of gene expression, our findings argue against the purported importance of genetic assimilation to environmental adaptation.
A Three-dimensional Model of News Recirculation: Towards a Unified Understanding of News Sharing

ABSTRACT This paper responds to calls for theory-building about news sharing on social media, arguing for a unified understanding of sharing practices both online and off. Developing a theoretical understanding of news sharing requires broadening our gaze to include other communicative technologies, such as postal mail, email, voice calls, and in-person conversation. In a conceptual contribution based on reflections about my participation in long-term multi-method collaborative studies in the US, I argue that news sharing is an act of commitment at the core. I also propose a three-dimensional model of news recirculation. The first two dimensions, publicness and ephemerality, are ideological – although they widely misrecognized as properties of specific channels and platforms. People enact a third dimension of practice, voice, when they recirculate news.
Relativistic jets as X-ray and gamma-ray sources.

The radio-through-. gamma. -ray emission from beamed relativistic jets associated with bright, compact radio sources is considered and applied to the interpretation of extragalactic X-ray and . gamma. -ray sources. It is argued that in sources which are viewed at small angles to their jet axes, the beamed emission component also contributes significantly to the observed X-ray and . gamma. -ray radiation. Model synchrotron and inverse-Compton spectra for a resolved jet and for an unresolved inhomogeneous jet are calculated, taking into account the effect of synchrotron radiation losses. It is shown how the source nonuniformity in an unresolved jet gives rise to a spectrum which may be quite different from the local emission spectrum in both the optically thick and the optically thin regimes. On the basis of this model, it is pointed out that various observed features in the spectra of BL Lac objects could be attributed to emission from unresolved relativistic jets. The spectrum of 3C 273 is discussed, and it is concluded that the infrared-through-X-ray flux is probably unbeamed, but that the radio emission and perhaps also the high-energy . gamma. -rays are beamed from the relativistic radio jet associated with this source. It is argued that if 3C 273 is a typical quasar, thenmore » a large fraction of the diffuse high-energy . gamma. -ray background could be contributed by beamed sources. In addition, a synchrotron-radiation model is proposed for the resolved X-ray jet in Cen A. « less
Infrared transmittance spectra of the granular perovskite

Infrared (IR) transmittance spectra were measured for a series of samples with different particle sizes. Two extra absorption peaks appear when the average particle size of the samples is smaller than 60 nm; these peaks can be ascribed to the surface stretching and bending modes of the octahedra. When the average particle size decreases, the absorption strength of the surface modes increases while that of the bulk modes reduces.
On the homeomorphisms of a non-orientable surface

The purpose of this note is to answer a question asked in an earlier paper ((2), page 315). Let X be a closed, connected, non-orientable 2-manifold and f: X → X a homeomorphism. It was shown in (2) that f is isotopic to a product of homeomorphisms of two basic types, the c-homeomorphism, which will now be called a twist, and the Y-homeomorphism (see (2) for definitions). It was also proved that f cannot, in general, be expressed as a product of twists alone. The following result is proved here:
On a fourth order Steklov eigenvalue problem

Summary We study the spectrum of a biharmonic Steklov eigenvalue problem in a bounded domain of Rn. We characterize it in general and give its explicit form in the case where the domain is a ball. Then, we focus our attention on the first eigenvalue of this problem. We prove some estimates and study its isoperimetric properties. By recalling a number of known results, we finally highlight the main open problems still to be solved.
Disaggregating religiously motivated terrorism: ideology as a frame for strategic behaviour in Islamist and Christian fundamentalist terrorism

ABSTRACT Scholars consistently suggest that religiously motivated terrorist groups are more violent and more lethal. This necessarily drives questions about how religious ideology is connected to outcomes of terrorist group behaviour. This study examines how variations in religious ideology may influence strategic choices like target selection, tactic adoption, and the lethality of attacks. Terrorism motivated by Islamism and Christian fundamentalism are examined theoretically and empirically in a framework that allows for comparison across the groups within the same analysis. Though our results support existing claims that religiously motivated terrorism is more likely to target civilians, we find inter-religious differences in tactic adoption and secondary target selection. Finally, while we do find evidence that Islamist terrorism is likely more lethal than secular terrorism, Christian fundamentalist terrorism yields a higher expected casualty rate per attack when compared within the same model.
Cardiac Development Long non-coding RNA (CARDEL) is activated during human heart development and contributes to cardiac specification and homeostasis

Successful heart development depends on the careful orchestration of a network of transcription factors and signaling pathways. In recent years, the in vitro cardiac differentiation using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has been used to uncover the intricate gene network regulation involved in the proper formation and function of the human heart. Here, we searched for uncharacterized cardiac developmental genes by combining a temporal evaluation of the human cardiac specification in vitro with the analysis of fetal and adult heart tissue gene expression. We discovered that CARDEL (CARdiac DEvelopment Long non-coding RNA; LINC00890; SERTM2) expression coincides with the commitment to the cardiac lineage. CARDEL knockout hPSCs differentiated poorly in cardiac cells, and hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes showed faster beating rates after CARDEL controlled overexpression during differentiation. Altogether, we demonstrate physiological and molecular evidence that CARDEL expression contributes to sculpting the cardiac program during cell-fate commitment.
Bounds for nilpotent-by-finite groups in certain varieties

Abstract Let and denote respectively the variety of groups of exponent dividing e, the variety of nilpotent groups of class at most c, the class of nilpotent groups and the class of finite groups. It follows from a result due to Kargapolov and Čurkin and independently to Groves that in a variety not containing all metabelian groups, each polycyclic group G belongs to . We show that G is in fact in , where c is an integer depending only on the variety. On the other hand, it is not always possible to find an integer e (depending only on the variety) such that G belongs to but we characterize the varieties in which that is possible. In this case, there exists a function f such that, if G is d-generated, then G ∈ So, when e = 1, we obtain an extension of Zel'manov's result about the restricted Burnside problem (as one might expect, this result is used in our proof). Finally, we show that the class of locally nilpotent groups of a variety forms a variety if and only if for some integers c′, e′.
Quadratic geometry of numbers

We give upper bounds for zeros of quadratic forms. For example we prove that for any nondegenerate quadratic form W(xl,.,xn) with rational integer coefficients which vanishes on a d-dimensional rational subspace (d > 0) there exist sublattices ro, r1, * * . , rn-d of zn Of rank d, on which W vanishes, with the following properties: rank(rO n ri) = d-1, rank(ro U rl U * * * U rn-d) = n and (det rO)n-d detRl *--det rn_d 4< F(n-d)2 where F is the maximum modulus of the coefficients of W.
Birefringence and large mode area analysis of segmented cladding index-guiding photonic crystal fibers

Abstract. High birefringence and large mode area are the two paramount requirements of single-mode fibers to control polarization mode dispersion and nonlinear effects. We have investigated the birefringence, higher-order mode coupling loss of a fundamental mode (FM), and numerical aperture of index-guiding segmented cladding photonic crystal fibers in continuation to our previous analysis of the design for FM confinement and V parameter. High birefringence on the order of 10−4 to 10−3 over the near-infrared to short-wavelength infrared (0.75 to 2.3 μm) spectral range has been obtained. The finite difference time domain method has been used for simulation. The center defect in the lattice forms the core and the remaining part represents the cladding. With phosphate glass (ngl=1.56) as a base material, cladding consists of different segments formed by varying the air hole diameter resulting in strong form birefringence and reduced numerical aperture which leads to a large mode area. We inferred a relation between fiber symmetry and birefringence by varying the duty cycle of the designs. A significant reduction in beat lengths shows reduced power losses in the FM due to higher-order mode coupling.
nonlinear approximation with redundant multi-component dictionaries

The problem of efficiently representing and approximating digital data is an open challenge and it is of paramount importance for many applications. This dissertation focuses on the approximation of natural signals as an organized combination of mutually connected elements, preserving and at the same time benefiting from their inherent structure. This is done by decomposing a signal onto a multi-component, redundant collection of functions (dictionary), built by the union of several subdictionaries, each of which is designed to capture a specific behavior of the signal. In this way, instead of representing signals as a superposition of sinusoids or wavelets many alternatives are available. In addition, since dictionaries we are interested in are overcomplete, the decomposition is non-unique. This gives us the possibility of adaptation, choosing among many possible representations the one which best fits our purposes. On the other hand, it also requires more complex approximation techniques whose theoretical decomposition capacity and computational load have to be carefully studied. In general, we aim at representing a signal with few and meaningful components. If we are able to represent a piece of information by using only few elements, it means that such elements can capture its main characteristics, allowing to compact the energy carried by a signal into the smallest number of terms. In such a framework, this work also proposes analysis methods which deal with the goal of considering the a priori information available when decomposing a structured signal. Indeed, a natural signal is not only an array of numbers, but an expression of a physical event about which we usually have a deep knowledge. Therefore, we claim that it is worth exploiting its structure, since it can be advantageous not only in helping the analysis process, but also in making the representation of such information more accessible and meaningful. The study of an adaptive image representation inspired and gave birth to this work. We often refer to images and visual information throughout the course of the dissertation. However, the proposed approximation setting extends to many different kinds of structured data and examples are given involving videos and electrocardiogram signals. An important part of this work is constituted by practical applications: first of all we provide very interesting results for image and video compression. Then, we also face the problem of signal denoising and, finally, promising achievements in the field of source separation are presented.
The influence of product color displayed on online advertisements and consumer personality on purchase intention: The moderating role of age and gender

Consumer purchasing patterns has been affected by COVID-19 health Crisis. Thus, companies must adapt to this change by focusing on understanding the different variables affecting the post pandemic purchase intentions of consumers. Therefore, the basic objective of this study is the development of an integrated framework to investigate the impact of the colors used for products on online advertisement and the consumer personality on the purchase intention of customers in the context of post pandemic. This study will also focus on highlighting the moderating role of age and gender on the relationship between the three constructs. Data were collected from customers of 53 Moroccan textile companies operating in the E-commerce industry. The data was analyzed, and the theoretical model was validated using Partial least square (PLS) and structural equation model (SEM). The findings show that: the color of the product displayed in the advertisement has a high impact on the purchase intention of consumers;the personality of the consumer impact positively the purchase intention of the consumer, and finally, color of the product displayed on the advertisement has a bigger impact on the purchase intention of young people than old people while age doesn't have any significant impact on the relationship between personality and purchase intention. The contribution of this study is to emphasize the roles of understanding the use of colors in advertising and the personality of the consumer, during the post pandemic, on consumer purchasing intention, for companies to innovate and differentiate their offered advertisements to meet the needs and survive the crisis. © 2022 International Consortium for Electronic Business. All rights reserved.
REISSNER-MINDLIN EXTENSIONS OF KIRCHHOFF ELEMENTS FOR PLATE BENDING

A method of extending various existing Kirchhoff elements to Reissner-Mindlin elements for plate bending is developed and tested. The essential idea is to use independent transverse shear strains and a special mixed formulation. The Nedelec edge element is effective for assuming the shear strains. Furthermore, the displacements are carefully constructed so that the strain-displacement relations are strictly satisfied for the transverse shear strains. We present our approach for displacement-based three-node triangular elements including both conforming and non-conforming ones as the base Kirchhoff elements. It is also possible to reduce the shear variables from the element degrees of freedom by means of a special technique called the beam element approximation. Numerical results are obtained for some fundamental test problems and are generally reasonable over wide range of plate thickness. In particular, it is observed that the tested elements actually reduce to the base Kirchhoff element in the thin plate range and are free from transverse shear locking.