Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying the Deep‐Inflow Mixing Features in Orographically‐Locked Diurnal Convection

Orographically‐locked diurnal convection involves interactions between local circulation and the thermodynamic environment of convection. Here, the relationships of convective updraft structures over orographic precipitation hotspots and their upstream environment in the TaiwanVVM large‐eddy simulations are analyzed for the occurrence of the orographic locking features. Strong convective updraft columns within heavily precipitating, organized systems exhibit a mass flux profile gradually increasing with height through a deep lower‐tropospheric inflow layer. Enhanced convective development is associated with higher upstream moist static energy (MSE) transport through this deep‐inflow layer via local circulation, augmenting the rain rate by 36% in precipitation hotspots. The simulations provide practical guidance for targeted observations within the most common deep‐inflow path. Preliminary field measurements support the presence of high MSE transport within the deep‐inflow layer when organized convection occurs at the hotspot. Orographically‐locked convection facilitate both modeling and field campaign design to examine the general properties of active deep convection.
Correlation of Uric Acid with Disease Severity, Prognosis, and Complications in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis

: This study aimed to investigate the role of serum uric acid (UA) in early identification of the severity, prognosis and complications in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). The clinical data of SAP patients were collected retrospectively (n=268), and patients were divided into high UA group and low UA group based on the median UA level. Propensity score matching was used to make the baseline data comparable, and 85 patients were selected in each group. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between UA level and severity and prognosis. The ROC curve was designed to evaluate the ability of UA to predict complications. In the high UA group, disease severity scores were higher, ICU stay and total hospital days were longer. UA levels were found to be positively associated to disease severity scores, ICU stay and total hospital days. The ROC curve revealed that the UA level had an useful predictive value for infectious pancreatic necrosis (IFN). UA level can be used as a convenient indicator of disease severity and IFN risk in SAP patients.
Ellipsis and syntactic representation

This paper addresses a question that has been of interest to researchers on ellipsis since the very early days of work in generative grammar: do constituents targeted by various types of ellipsis operations have syntactic structure at some level (or levels) of representation, or can the various properties of ellipsis constructions be accounted for purely in terms of recovery of meanings, without positing syntactic representation at the ellipsis site? Focusing on the interaction of ellipsis and several different grammatical phenomena and constraints, including parasitic gaps, binding theory, and extraction islands, I will present evidence that ellipsis constructions are sensitive to configurational constraints on syntactic representations, but not to constraints that are based on morphophonological properties of lexical items, thus supporting a view of ellipsis as deletion of syntactic material.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TONGUE TWISTERS STARTEGY TOWARD STUDENTS' SPEAKING ABILITY

The aim of this study is to identify the problems of students at MA Muhammadiyah Purbolinggo, especially for speaking,. The subjects were 40 students at 11th grade of MA Muhammadiyah Purbolinggo. This research employed quasi- experimentnal research design. There were two varibales: independent variable is Tongue Twister Strategy and the depent variable is Speaking Ability. The pre-test result of mean score of control group which was lower than experimental group (46.20 > 39.60). In post-test. the mean score of control group was found to be also lower than experimental group (72.20 > 58.40). From the data, the researcher concluded that there was an effectiveness in using tongue twister to improve students’ speaking ability at MA Muhammadiyah Purbolinggo. that the significance level 0,05, tobserved (7.627) is higher than ttable (2,024). Therefore, the Alternative Hypothesis or Ha is accepted which means there is significant effect of Tongue Twister on speaking skill of students, and it can be concluded that the research question has been answered.
A test for normality based on the empirical distribution function

In this paper, a goodness-of-fit test for normality based on the comparison of the theoretical and empirical distributions is proposed. Critical values are obtained via Monte Carlo for several sample sizes and different significance levels. We study and compare the power of forty selected normality tests for a wide collection of alternative distributions. The new proposal is compared to some traditionaltest statistics, such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kuiper, Cramer-von Mises, Anderson-Darling, Pearson Chi-square, Shapiro-Wilk, Shapiro-Francia, Jarque-Bera, SJ, Robust Jarque-Bera, and also to entropy-based test statistics. From the simulation study results it is concluded that the best performance against asymmetric alternatives with support on the whole real line and alternative distributions with support on the positive real line is achieved by the new test. Other findings derivedfrom the simulation study are that SJ and Robust Jarque-Bera tests are the most powerful ones for symmetric alternatives with support on the whole real line, whereas entropy-based tests are preferable for alternatives with support on the unit interval.
Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in different tissues of aborted foetuses of sheep in Van Province, Türkiye: Analysis by nested PCR, histopathological and immunohistochemical methods

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are protozoon parasites from the intracellular apicomplexan family. Toxoplasma gondii is the cause of health and economic problems in the sheep industry worldwide. Neospora caninum is usually reported in cows and leads to infections causing abortions; however, its prevalence in sheep is not clear. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and pathology of T. gondii and N. caninum by PCR, histopathological and immune-histochemical methods in aborted sheep foetuses collected at different sheep flocks in the Van Province, Türkiye, in 2021. Firstly, the DNA of T. gondii and N. caninum were investigated by PCR in the brain, heart, and peritoneal fluid samples from 42 sheep foetuses. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was proved in 35.7% (15/42) of foetuses whereas N. caninum DNA was not determined in any of the samples. Histopathologically, all T. gondii positive brain tissue samples showed lymphohistiocytic multifocal encephalomyelitis and additional findings included necrotizing myocarditis in the positive heart samples. Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were identified in the lesions (diffuse or focal mononuclear cell infiltration in the meninges, and microglia proliferation, myocarditis with oedema) by anti-T. gondii antibodies by the immunohistochemical method. Based on our results, we can conclude that T. gondii is an important agent in sheep abortions and the PCR method is a suitable method for diagnosis which can also be used in heart tissue in pathological studies.
Machine learning based prediction model for plastic hinge length calculation of reinforced concrete structural walls

Reinforced concrete structural walls (RCSWs) are integral part of buildings and other structures and are used to carry in-plane and out-plane loads. For assessment purposes and to ensure safety and resilience of the structure, the curvature, capacity, and strain demands of RCSWs need to be estimated. Nonlinear numerical models are increasingly used in earthquake engineering design and assessment, where it is critical to develop high fidelity simulation tools to precisely forecast the global and local behavior of RCSWs. Plastic deformations concentrated in small regions, i.e. plastic hinges, and characterized through the concept of plastic hinge length (PHL), are conventionally used to define the inelastic response of RCSWs. In this study machine learning (ML) algorithms were leveraged in evaluating the PHL of RCSWs. A database containing 721 planar and nonplanar RCSW samples were utilized for training and testing ML models. Four different algorithms were employed, namely: XGBoost, CatBoost, Random Forest (RF), and genetic programming. The RF model outperformed other ML counterparts. The results of the best ML model were also compared against empirical equations available in literature and nonlinear regression analysis. The proposed ML model provided much better predictions than the existing relationships. Predictions of most empirical models were found to be extremely over (or under) conservative. The proposed ML model was also presented via an online tool where users can obtain the PHL of any RCSW simply by inputting wall parameters and clicking a run button.
The Impact of the Land Surface Physics in the Operational NCEP Eta Model on Simulating the Diurnal Cycle: Evaluation and Testing Using Oklahoma Mesonet Data

Abstract On 31 January 1996, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/Environmental Modeling Center (NCEP/EMC) implemented a state-of-the-art land surface parameterization in the operational Eta Model. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and test its performance and demonstrate its impacts on the diurnal cycle of the modeled planetary boundary layer (PBL). Operational Eta Model output from summer 1997 are evaluated against the unique observations of near-surface and subsurface fields provided by the Oklahoma Mesonet. The evaluation is partially extended to July 1998 to examine the effects of significant changes that were made to the operational model configuration during the intervening time. Results indicate a severe positive bias in top-layer soil moisture, which was significantly reduced in 1998 by a change in the initialization technique. Net radiation was overestimated, largely because of a positive bias in the downward shortwave component. Also, the ground heat flux was severely undere.
Effect of zinc supplements on the nutritional status of different wheat genotypes

Abstract Zinc (Zn) plays a vital role in improving the quality of crops. It is more notable in terms of balanced nutrition, and alleviating inevitable side effects of unbalanced diet among developing nations. Hence, recently researchers have considered identifying Zn-efficient genotypes. The present study aimed to identify a zinc efficiency (ZnE) candidate among investigated genotypes. By conducting an experiment based on completely randomized design with two factors and four replications. The factors included two levels of Zn (0 and 10 mg Zn kg−1 soil derived from ZnSO4.7H2O) and nine different genotypes of wheat (Iraqi genotypes: Al-Rashid, Abu-Ghoraib, Latifiyeh, Tamuz 2, Bahus 22, Abba 95, Abba 99, and Iranian genotypes: HamoonZnE and Hirmandnon-ZnE). All plants were grown under similar experimental conditions for 90 days. Then the studied parameters comprised Zn, Mn, K, and P concentrations in grain, stem, leaf, and root of all genotypes were determined. In addition, to get a better understanding of Zn-efficiency (ZnE), two parameters including shoot Zn efficiency (SZnE) and Zn acquisition efficiency (ZnAE) were calculated. The results showed that Abba 95 and Hamoon genotypes were identified as the most Zn-efficient genotypes in which ZnE increased by 110% and 112%, respectively.
Optimal -Labeling of Strong Products of Cycles

The (2 1)-labeling of a graph is an abstraction of assigning integer frequencies to radio transmitters such that i) transmitters that are one unit of distance apart receive frequencies that differ by at least two, and ii) transmitters that are two units of distance apart receive frequencies that differ by at least one. The least span of frequencies in such a labeling is referred to as the -number of the graph. It is shown that if 1 and . are each a multiple of3 + 2, then ( . . . ) is equal to the theoretical minimum of3 + 1, where denotes the cycle of length and denotes the strong product of graphs.
A transform-based method for pricing Asian options under general two-dimensional models

We propose a unified transform-based method, which we call the extended double spiral (EDS) method, for pricing arithmetic Asian options under general two-dimensional (2D) models that nest regime-switching Lévy models, stochastic volatility (SV) models with Lévy jumps, and time-changed Lévy models. We first construct a new single backward induction in the state space that relaxes the restriction of the independent increments of the log-asset price. Second, we build an exact and explicit double backward induction in the Fourier space based on this single backward induction, a combination of the 1D Fourier transform method and a key function characterizing the 2D model, and the double spiral method. Third, we develop a unified EDS algorithm to recursively implement this double backward induction via the fast Fourier transform (FFT), various quadrature rules, asymmetric truncation boundaries, and so on. Extensive numerical results across a broad class of 2D models, monitoring frequencies, option moneyness, and model parameters demonstrate that our method is remarkably accurate, efficient, robust, simple to implement, and widely applicable.
Global Impacts of El Niño on Terrestrial Moisture Recycling

The global impacts of El Niño on precipitation have been long‐recognized, but more understanding of the mechanisms behind this influence is needed. For instance, previous studies have largely overlooked the potential impacts of El Niño on terrestrial moisture recycling (TMR). We perform a 40‐year forward tracking simulation to derive a global climatology of recycled precipitation and use a composite analysis to investigate how El Niño affects TMR. We identify seven regions where the El Niño impact on TMR is most significant and find that, in these regions, changes in precipitation and TMR are directly related: they increase or decrease together. In addition, we find a marked latitudinal contrast between the Southern Hemisphere, where TMR increases during El Niño, and the Northern Hemisphere and the tropics, where it decreases. Our results indicate that the weakening and strengthening of TMR can be behind precipitation changes caused by El Niño globally.
Time Step Sensitivity and Accelerated Spinup of an Ocean GCM with a Complex Mixing Scheme

Abstract The distorted physics (DP) technique of Bryan and Lewis is applied to an ocean GCM to allow longer time steps to be taken. The model includes a hybrid vertical mixing scheme for tracers, consisting of a Kraus–Turner mixed layer model and a Richardson number–dependent diffusion term. The model also includes rotation of the diffusive tracer fluxes along the isopycnal surfaces, according to the scheme of Redi. The focus of this paper is on the interaction of DP with this mixing scheme, rather than on the physical performance of the scheme itself. With standard parameter settings as used in a recent climate change study, the equilibrium solutions produced in a long integration using DP and a time step of 1 day are not robust and drift on switching back to the standard time step of 1 h (without DP). Three regions are affected: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the Greenland–Iceland–Norwegian (GIN) Sea, and the base of the tropical mixed layer. The drifts are found to be due both to the DP technique i.
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 35°N From Deep Moorings, Floats, and Satellite Altimeter

From 2004 to 2014, the Line W moorings measured a 0.7 Sv yr−1 slowing of the deep western boundary current (DWBC) offshore of Cape Cod. Here, we combine these deep mooring observations with float and satellite altimeter data and find that this DWBC change corresponded to a slowing of the cross‐basin Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) of about 0.3 Sv yr−1. Our AMOC transport time series corresponds well with the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean state estimate, particularly when the Line W mooring data influences our volume closure. We compare our 35°N time series with a similar time series at 41°N as well as the 26°N RAPID AMOC, and find AMOC declines across datasets from 2004 to 2014. However, when we extend our analysis to 2004–2019, there are no significant trends at any latitude. These observations suggest that AMOC decadal variability is meridionally coherent from 26°N to 41°N and that the DWBC may reflect this variability.
Theoretical Analysis of the Effect of Nonlinear Clipping Noise on the BER Performance of DC-Biased Optical OFDM Systems

A theoretical analysis of the DC-biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM) transmission system is presented. In particular, the effect of both the DC bias and the subsequent clipping, introduced at the transmitter, on the bit error rate (BER) performance metric is analyzed. The statistics of the nonlinear clipping noise are derived and used in our derivation of the analytical expression for the BER. Our analytical results are compared to the corresponding simulation results for different design parameters. It is shown that both analytical and simulation results are in good agreement. An additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel model, commonly used with wireless optical systems, is assumed. In addition, an implicit expression for the optimal value of the DC bias as a function of the signal-to-AWGN ratio is given.
A Theorem on Intersections of Prescribed Cardinality

With every straight line 1 in a certain Euclidean plane, associate a cardinal number a, such that 2 < a, < No . Then there exists in this plane a set of points which intersects every line 1 in precisely a, points. This is a simple consequence of a general theorem which we shall state after making a few remarks concerning notation and terminology. ' The cardinal number of a set 2a will be denoted by 2 1 . The initial number of Z(N.a) is written dm. The cardinal number H, is called singular, if it can be expressed as a sum of fewer than a terms, each of which is a cardinal number less than Na ; Aa is called regular, if it cannot be expressed as such a sum. (For example, , is singular, N2 is regular.) We say that a complex ( of cardinal numbers is strongly less than X,,, if every sum of fewer than Aa terms which belong to ( is less than la . (An empty sum is defined to have the value 0.) If ( is empty or contains only a finite number of distinct members, each of which is less than Na ; or, if Ala is regular, and every member of ( is less than Aa ; or, if Aa is singular, and there exists a cardinal number f < Aa such that every member of ( is not greater than f; then S is strongly less than X. (If ( is strongly less than Aa , then obviously every member of ( is less than Aa.)
Bank Regulation and Sovereign Risk: A Paradox

This paper investigates the impact of banking prudential regulation on sovereign risk. We show that prudential regulation reduces sovereign risk and induces governments to spend more. As a result, countries with tight prudential regulation have lower primary budget balances and accumulate more government debt over time. This means that prudential regulation reduces private debt, while paradoxically increasing government debt. We explore several explanations for this paradox. Our results suggest that pru-dential regulation enables governments to accumulate debt because they improve the nation’s credit rating and its borrowing conditions in sovereign bond markets.
Economic design based on a multivariate Bayesian VSI chart with a dual control limit

ABSTRACT In this paper, a multivariate Bayesian variable sampling interval (VSI) control chart for the economic design and optimization of statistical parameters is designed. Based on the VSI sampling strategy of a multivariate Bayesian control chart with dual control limits, the optimal expected cost function is constructed. The proposed model allows the determination of the scheme parameters that minimize the expected cost per time of the process. The effectiveness of the Bayesian VSI chart is estimated through economic comparisons with the Bayesian fixed sampling interval and the Hotelling's T2 chart. This study is an in-depth study on a Bayesian multivariate control chart with variable parameter. Furthermore, it is shown that significant cost improvement may be realized through the new model.
THE IMPROVEMENT OF COMPANY PERFORMANCE THROUGH RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS, PERSONNEL CAPABILITY AND THE APPLICATION OF TQM (CASE STUDY: LUBRICANT MANUFACTURING COMPANY PT X)

Performance management is one of the process to achieve a company's vision and mission. The good achievement of company performance is an indicator of the achievement of the company's strategic goals. This research was conducted at a lubricant manufacturing company. The issues faced by the company were a declining market share of sales related to the risk of highly competitive market competition, high levels of losses and rework, and failing to achieve production costs target related to process control methods and resource management. This study aims to determine the effect of risk management processes, personnel capabilities and the application of total quality management (TQM) on company performance. The questionnaire data analysis involved 74 respondents. The data then processed through validity, reliability, classical assumption testing, regression analysis and the coefficient of determination using SPSS. The results of the study showed that the risk management process did not significantly affect the company's performance, the influence of personnel capabilities and the implementation of TQM were positive and significant to the company's performance. The risk management process, personnel capability and TQM implementation simultaneously affect the company's performance positively and significantly.
Classes of life distributions and renewal counting process

We prove that if the renewal function M(t) corresponding to a life distribution F is convex (concave) then F is NBU (NWU), and hence answer two questions posed by Shaked and Zhu (1992). Moreover, based-on the renewal function, some characterizations of the exponential distribution within certain classes of life distributions are given.
ChatGPT and the Labor Market: Unraveling the Effect of AI Discussions on Students' Earnings Expectations

This paper investigates the causal impact of negatively and positively toned ChatGPT Artificial Intelligence (AI) discussions on US students' anticipated labor market outcomes. Our findings reveal students reduce their confidence regarding their future earnings prospects after exposure to AI debates, and this effect is more pronounced after reading discussion excerpts with a negative tone. Unlike STEM majors, students in Non-STEM fields show asymmetric and pessimistic belief changes, suggesting that they might feel more vulnerable to emerging AI technologies. Pessimistic belief updates regarding future earnings are also prevalent among non-male students, indicating widespread AI concerns among vulnerable student subgroups. Educators, administrators, and policymakers may regularly engage with students to address their concerns and enhance educational curricula to better prepare them for a future that AI will inevitably shape.