Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calcium-rich dravite from the Arignac Gypsum Mine, France: Implications for tourmaline development in a sulfate-rich, highly magnesian meta-evaporite

Tourmaline occurs in a wide range of compositional environments, but its occurrence in meta-evaporites is less commonly investigated. Highly magnesian ( X Mg = 0.90–0.98), poikiloblastic tourmaline occurs in a sulfate-rich, anhydrite– gypsum-bearing meta-evaporite in the Arignac Gypsum Mine, France and preserves a petrologic record of this unusual geochemical environment. Originally a Triassic evaporite deposit, the sample is interpreted to have undergone high-temperature–low-pressure (HT–LP) metamorphism and subsequently experienced low-grade, highly deformed overprints. Poikiloblastic tourmaline preserves relicts of the HT–LP mineral assemblage, as inclusions of anhydrite, phlogopite, dolomite, tremolite, Cl-rich scapolite (71–85 % marialite component), rutile, zircon, and fluor-apatite. The low-grade deformational overprints are characterized by partial replacement of anhydrite by gypsum, phlogopite by clinochlore, dolomite by talc, and scapolite by mixtures of near end-member albite and K-feldspar with later crosscutting calcite and celestite. Tourmaline develops two textural zones – zone 1 with few mineral inclusions and zone 2 with abundant inclusions and/or complex chemical zoning. The tourmaline
ITERATIVE APPROXIMATION OF FIXED POINTS FOR STRONGLY PSEUDO-CONTRACTIVE MAPPINGS

The aim of this paper is to prove a convergence the- orem of a generalized Ishikawa iteration sequence for two multi- valued strongly pseudo-contractive mappings by using an approxi- mation method in real uniformly smooth Banach spaces. We gener- alize and extend the results of Chang and Chang, Cho, Lee, Jung, and Kang.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of a New Composite Method Joining Features of Implicit and Modular Enumeration Algorithms

A new method of searching for globally optimal solutions of discrete programming problems is proposed, which combines the components of search strategies by modular enumeration, backtracking, and dynamic programming. Analytical and experimental results of the analysis of its comparative efficiency in relation to backtracking search solving the knapsack problem are presented. It has been experimentally proven that, unlike the modular enumeration method and one of its varieties - the “meet in the middle” algorithm, the optimal number of modules of the proposed approach is not a constant, it increases with the number of variables of the problem being solved. Its high operational characteristics have been experimentally confirmed: a relatively low solution search time and low requirements for the amount of RAM. In the general case, we can say that the higher efficiency of this approach compared to the exhaustive or implicit enumeration methods increases with the complexity of the problem it solves.
A narrative review of Achilles tendon ruptures in racket sports

This review aims to report the existing research about Achilles tendon ruptures (ATR) in racket sports. Further, this narrative review will also include the acute management, rehabilitation, treatment and prognosis of an ATR. ATR is a common injury among individuals playing racket sports, however, the literature is limited and not up to date. Previous research claims that up to 70 percent of all ATR is related to sports activities where racket sports dominate. A large number of patients sustaining an ATR return to sport within a year from injury.
OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF BLAZARS AND γ-RAY BLAZAR CANDIDATES IN THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY DATA RELEASE NINE

We present an analysis of the optical spectra available in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release nine (SDSS DR9) for the blazars listed in the ROMA-BZCAT and for the γ-ray blazar candidates selected according to their IR colors. First, we adopt a statistical approach based on Monte Carlo simulations to find the optical counterparts of the blazars listed in the ROMA-BZCAT catalog. Then, we crossmatched the SDSS spectroscopic catalog with our selected samples of blazars and γ-ray blazar candidates, searching for those with optical spectra available to classify our blazar-like sources and, whenever possible, to confirm their redshifts. Our main objectives are to determine the classification of uncertain blazars listed in the ROMA-BZCAT and to discover new gamma-ray blazars. For the ROMA-BZCAT sources, we investigated a sample of 84 blazars, confirming the classification for 20 of them and obtaining 18 new redshift estimates. For the γ-ray blazars, indicated as potential counterparts of unassociated Fermi sources or with uncertain nature, we established the blazar-like nature of 8 out of the 27 sources analyzed and confirmed 14 classifications.
Becoming a Technical Leader: An Organic Problem-Solving Approach

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Criteria for two-dimensional kinematics in an interacting Fermi gas

Ultracold Fermi gases subject to tight transverse confinement offer a highly controllable setting to study the two-dimensional (2D) BCS to Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless superfluid crossover. Achieving the 2D regime requires confining particles to their transverse ground state which presents challenges in interacting systems. Here, we establish the conditions for an interacting Fermi gas to display 2D kinematics. Transverse excitations are detected by measuring the transverse expansion rate which displays a sudden increase when the atom number exceeds a critical value N-2D signifying a density driven departure from 2D kinematics. For weak interactions N-2D is set by the aspect ratio of the trap. Close to a Feshbach resonance, however, the stronger interactions reduce N-2D and excitations appear at lower density.
How does quiz activity affect summative assessment outcomes? An analysis of three consecutive years’ data on self-directed learning

Background: We investigated how quiz activities can improve summative assessment outcomes by analyzing the relationship between them. Methods: We used 217 first-year medical students’ medical informatics data from 3 consecutive years. We analyzed summative assessment outcomes between quiz completion and incompletion groups, one-time and multiple-time quiz learning groups, and three combined comparisons between subgroups of quiz learning activity frequencies: 1 versus 2, 3, 4, and 6 (group 1), 1 and 2 versus 3, 4, and 6 (group 2), and 1, 2, and 3 versus 4 and 6 (group 3). We then analyzed correlations between the final quiz scores and summative assessment outcomes. Results: The summative assessment means for students who completed quizzes and those who did not were 87.16±8.73 and 83.22±8.31, respectively ( p =0.001). The means for the one-time and multiple-time quiz learning groups were 86.54±8.94 and 88.71±8.10, respectively ( p =0.223). The means for combined subgroups were not significantly different between groups ( p >0.05), although a statistically significant increasing trend was found from groups 1 to 3 (0.223>0.203>0.075 using the t -test and 0.225>0.150>0.067 using the Mann-Whitney test, respectively). Summative assessment scores were not significantly correlated with quiz scores ( r =0.115, p =0.213). Conclusions: Quizzes helped students who used self-directed learning obtain better summative assessment outcomes. Formative quizzes presumably did not provide students with direct knowledge, but showed them their weak points and motivated them to work on areas where their knowledge was insufficient.
Towards Time-Domain Characterization of a Rectangular Groove

This paper aims at the characterization of a narrow rectangular groove on a perfectly electrically conducting plane. Relying on the time-domain electromagnetic field scattered by the groove, a new solution approach to solve the inverse problem is presented. The proposed methodology combines semi–analytical formulas to compute the induced voltage across the groove with the power and robustness of stochastic optimization methods. Five optimization methods are compared in the paper. Overall, the Particle Swarm Optimization proves to be the most efficient one.
OFF-CENTER OBSERVERS VERSUS SUPERNOVAE IN INHOMOGENEOUS PRESSURE UNIVERSES

Exact luminosity distance and apparent magnitude formulae are applied to the Union2 557 supernovae sample in order to constrain the possible position of an observer outside of the center of symmetry in spherically symmetric inhomogeneous pressure Stephani universes, which are complementary to inhomogeneous density Lemaître–Tolman–Bondi (LTB) void models. Two specific models are investigated. The first allows a barotropic equation of state at the center of symmetry without the need to specify a scale factor function (model IIA). The second has no barotropic equation of state at the center, but has an explicit dust-like scale factor evolution (model IIB). It is shown that even at 3σ CL, an off-center observer cannot be further than about 4.4 Gpc away from the center of symmetry, which is comparable to the reported size of a void in LTB models with the most likely value of the distance from the center at about 341 Mpc for model IIA and 68 Mpc for model IIB. The off-center observer cannot be farther away from the center than about 577 Mpc for model IIB at 3σ CL. It is determined that the best-fit parameters which characterize inhomogeneity are Ωinh = 0.77 (dimensionless: model IIA) and α = 7.31 × 10−9 (s km−1)2/3 Mpc−4/3 (model IIB).
THE SWIFT UVOT STARS SURVEY. II. RR LYRAE STARS IN M3 AND M15

We present the first results of a near-ultraviolet (NUV) survey of RR Lyrae stars from the Ultraviolet Optical Telescope (UVOT) on board the Swift Gamma-ray Burst Mission. It is well-established that RR Lyrae stars have large amplitudes in the far- and near-ultraviolet. We have used UVOT’s unique wide-field NUV imaging capability to perform the first systematic NUV survey of variable stars in the Galactic globular clusters M3 and M15. We identify 280 variable stars, comprised of 275 RR Lyrae, 2 anomalous Cepheids, 1 classical Cepheid, 1 SX Phoenicis star, and 1 possible long-period or irregular variable. Only two of these are new discoveries. We compare our results to previous investigations and find excellent agreement in the periods with significantly larger amplitudes in the NUV. We map out, for the first time, an NUV Bailey diagram from globular clusters, showing the usual loci for fundamental mode RRab and first overtone RRc pulsators. We show the unique sensitivity of NUV photometry to both the temperatures and the surface gravities of RR Lyrae stars. Finally, we show evidence of an NUV period–metallicity–luminosity relationship. Future investigations will further examine the dependence of NUV pulsation parameters on metallicity and Oosterhoff classification.
Efficient Large-scale Localization by Global Instance Recognition

Hierarchical frameworks consisting of both coarse and fine localization are often used as the standard pipeline for large-scale visual localization. Despite their promising performance in simple environments, they still suffer from low efficiency and accuracy in large-scale scenes, especially under challenging conditions. In this paper, we propose an efficient and accurate large-scale localization framework based on the recognition of buildings, which are not only discriminative for coarse localization but also robust for fine localization. Specifically, we assign each building instance a global ID and perform pixel-wise recognition of these global instances in the localization process. For coarse localization, we employ an efficient reference search strategy to find candidates progressively from the local map observing recognized instances instead of the whole database. For fine localization, predicted labels are further used for instance-wise feature detection and matching, allowing our model to focus on fewer but more robust keypoints for establishing correspondences. The experiments in long-term large-scale localization datasets including Aachen and RobotCar-Seasons demonstrate that our method outperforms previous approaches consistently in terms of both efficiency and accuracy.
Generalised quasi-linear approximation of the HMRI

Motivated by recent advances in Direct Statistical Simulation (DSS) of astrophysical phenomena such as out of equilibrium jets, we perform a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of the helical magnetorotational instability (HMRI) under the generalised quasilinear approximation (GQL). This approximation generalises the quasilinear approximation (QL) to include the self-consistent interaction of large-scale modes, interpolating between fully nonlinear DNS and QL DNS whilst still remaining formally linear in the small scales. In this paper we address whether GQL can more accurately describe low-order statistics of axisymmetric HMRI when compared with QL by performing DNS under various degrees of GQL approximation. We utilise various diagnostics, such as energy spectra in addition to first and second cumulants, for calculations performed for a range of Reynolds and Hartmann numbers (describing rotation and imposed magnetic field strength respectively). We find that GQL performs significantly better than QL in describing the statistics of the HMRI even when relatively few large-scale modes are kept in the formalism. We conclude that DSS based on GQL (GCE2) will be significantly more accurate than that based on QL (CE2).
THE GAS INFLOW AND OUTFLOW RATE IN STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT z ∼ 1.4

We try to constrain the gas inflow and outflow rate of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1.4 by employing a simple analytic model for the chemical evolution of galaxies. The sample is constructed based on a large near-infrared spectroscopic sample observed with Subaru/FMOS. The gas-phase metallicity is measured from the [N ii] λ6584/Hα emission line ratio and the gas mass is derived from the extinction corrected Hα luminosity by assuming the Kennicutt–Schmidt law. We constrain the inflow and outflow rate from the least-χ2 fittings of the observed gas-mass fraction, stellar mass, and metallicity with the analytic model. The joint χ2 fitting shows that the best-fit inflow rate is ∼1.8 and the outflow rate is ∼0.6 in units of star-formation rate. By applying the same analysis to the previous studies at z ∼ 0 and z ∼ 2.2, it is shown that both the inflow and outflow rates decrease with decreasing redshift, which implies the higher activity of gas flow process at higher redshift. The decreasing trend of the inflow rate from z ∼ 2.2 to z ∼ 0 agrees with that seen in previous observational works with different methods, though the absolute value is generally larger than in previous works. The outflow rate and its evolution from z ∼ 2.2 to z ∼ 0 obtained in this work agree well with the independent estimations in previous observational works.
Emissions Factors of Air Pollutants from Rice Straw Burning-hood Experiments

Abstract: The burning of rice straw produces a significant amount of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous air pollutants on a regional and global scale. In this study, the hood experiments were conducted to investigate the emission of air pollutants from rice straw burning (RSB). Samples of PM were collected isokinetically following the U.S. EPA methods 1, 1A, and 5. Gaseous pollutants were directly measured using a flue gas analyzer (Testo 350 XL). Emission factors (EF) (g.kg-1) determined for PM, CO2, CO, and SO2 were 17 ± 3.8, 1399 ± 228, 68 ± 22, and 1.5 ± 0.4, respectively meanwhile NO and NO2 were not detected in the flue gas. It was observed that flaming is the main phase in the process of RSB. The total emission from rice straw burning of 13 provinces in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam in 2020 was estimated using the EF obtained from the hood experiments. The result shows that Kien Giang, An Giang, and Dong Thap were the high emission group in the Mekong River Delta, contributing 19%, 17%, and 14% to total emissions. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for further studies to determine EF from rice straw open burning in the fields and find sustainable measures to control this activity.
Decomposing Supply and Demand Driven Inflation

The extent to which either supply or demand factors drive inflation has important implications for economic policy. I propose a framework to decompose inflation into supply- and demand-driven components. I generate two new data series, the supply and demand-driven contributions to personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation, which quantify the degree to which either demand or supply is driving inflation in a current month. The series show expected time-series patterns. The demand-driven contribution tends to decline during recessions, while the supply-driven contribution tends to follow food and energy prices. Monetary policy tightening acts to reduce the demand-driven contribution of inflation. Oil-supply shocks act to increase the supply driven contribution, but decrease the demand-driven contribution of inflation. The decompositions can be used to test theory or by policymakers and practitioners to track inflation drivers in real time.
Long Covid brain fog: a neuroinflammation phenomenon?

Abstract Neuroinflammation is a process triggered by an attack on the immune system. Activation of microglia in response to an immune system challenge can lead to a significant impact on cognitive processes, such as learning, memory and emotional regulation. Long Covid is an ongoing problem, affecting an estimated 1.3 million people within the UK alone, and one of its more significant, and as yet unexplained, symptoms is brain fog. Here, we discuss the potential role of neuroinflammation in Long Covid cognitive difficulties. Inflammatory cytokines have been found to play a significant role in reductions in LTP and LTD, a reduction in neurogenesis, and in dendritic sprouting. The potential behavioural consequences of such impacts are discussed. It is hoped that this article will allow for greater examination of the effects of inflammatory factors on brain function, most particularly in terms of their role in chronic conditions.
Pro-environmental awareness of university students – assessment through sustainability literacy test

Purpose This study aims to assess the current knowledge and awareness of environmental and sustainable development of Nigerian students by investigating the influence of their sociodemographics. Design/methodology/approach This study adapts the concept of using an assessment model in a bespoke application of Sulitest® and Assessment of Student Knowledge. A total of 650 undergraduate students (in the environment, engineering and agriculture programs) were administered a paper-based questionnaire from June to July 2019. Findings This study determined that Nigerian students performed poorly on the sustainability literacy test (SLT). Furthermore, students majoring in agriculture exhibited higher knowledge in the social and overall topics, followed by students majoring in the environmental field. From the study findings, the authors recommend that periodic assessment using SLT measures will help higher education institutions (HEIs) identify targeted sustainability programs for the development of students and educators. Hence, HEIs in Nigeria and elsewhere should use sustainability assessment tools to promote pro-environmental awareness. Originality/value The SLT is one of several options to assess sustainability knowledge in HEIs. Several HEIs across the USA and Europe have been known to adopt some SLT assessment techniques to improve environmental literacy among students. However, environmental literacy has global implications; hence, this study contributes to the limited body of literature investigating the level of environmental awareness or literacy among university students from a developing country, focusing on the three main study programs (agriculture, environment and engineering).
A Phase II, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Active-Controlled Clinical Trial to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of NW Low-Glu® in Patients Newly Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background Medicinal plants have long been used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic efficacy and safety of NW Low-Glu® (contents of one capsule are 300 mg Mas Cotek + 100 mg Cinnamomum cassia L. + 250 mg Nigella sativa L. powdered extracts) in treatment-naïve, newly diagnosed T2DM patients. Methods This was a 12-week, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, phase 2 clinical trial. A total of 232 male and female patients aged ≥18 and ≤65 years who were newly diagnosed with T2DM and have not received any antidiabetic drugs before and were equally randomized to receive metformin (2000 mg per day), low-dose NW Low-Glu® (content of four capsules per day), or high-dose NW Low-Glu® (content of five capsules per day). Our primary objective was to measure the mean change in HbA1c between each of the experimental arms and the metformin arm. Results There was a significant reduction in mean HbA1c at 12 weeks compared to baseline in the low-dose (0.6 (1.4)%; p=0.002) and high-dose arms (0.8 (1.7)%; p=0.004). There was also a significant reduction in 2 hr PPG at 12 weeks in the low-dose (35.4 (74.9) mg/dL, p=0.001) and high-dose arms (24.7 (100.8) mg/dL, p=0.04). Weight reduction was significantly higher with both high-dose (1.1 (−1.7) Kg; p=0.005) and low-dose arms (0.9 (−1.5) Kg; p=0.023) compared to metformin (0.8 (−1.8) Kg). No serious AEs or deaths were reported. Conclusions After 3 months of treatment, NW Low-Glu® was noninferior to metformin in reducing HbA1c and 2 hr PPG, while leading to significantly higher weight reduction in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. It was also safe and well tolerated.
Two-particle irreducible functional renormalization group schemes—a comparative study

We derive functional renormalization group (fRG) schemes for Fermi systems which are based on the two-particle irreducible approach to the quantum many-body problem. In a first step, the cutoff is introduced in the non-interacting propagator as it is commonly done in fRG based on one-particle irreducible vertex functions. The most natural truncation of the resulting infinite hierarchy of flow equations is shown to be fully equivalent to self-consistent perturbation theory. An earlier suggested alternative truncation strategy is considered as well. In a second step, the cutoff is introduced in the two-particle interaction. Again two truncation procedures are investigated, one of which was derived before. In the latter, the mean-field solution of the many-body problem is considered as the starting point of the renormalization group flow. We compare the performance and the required numerical resources for solving the coupled flow equations for all the approximate schemes by applying them to the problem of the quantum anharmonic oscillator. In a functional integral representation, this model has a formal similarity to the quantum many-body problem. The perspectives for applying the derived two-particle irreducible fRG approaches to zero- and one-dimensional systems of correlated fermions are discussed.