Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theory of Dynamic Interactions: Innovations

The theory of dynamic interactions suggests a new paradigm of mechanics and initiates us into a new area of knowledge, hitherto undeveloped. In this paper, we describe the innovations that this theory brings to physics, and in particular, the ideas expressed on new book by Doctor Barcelo: New paradigm in physics. It is necessary to analyse the incorporation into mechanics not only of knowledge about bodies with inertial movement, but also that of non-inertial systems. It is necessary a new structure of knowledge that can incorporate both inertial and accelerated systems. On this paper we referred to the main innovations and novel ideas proposed by Doctor Barcelo on his new book, in relation to the rotational dynamics.
Feature Fusion-based Automatic Grading of Color Doppler Flow within Ovarian Masses in Ultrasound Images

Ovarian cancer is the gynecological malignant tumor with the highest mortality. The early diagnosis still faces challenges. With the rapid development of computer-aided diagnosis technology, the demand for application in the medical industry has greatly increased. According to the Ovarian-adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS), we propose an automatic grading approach for color Doppler flow within ovarian masses. After separating the color Doppler flow from the original image, the features such as histogram of oriented gradient (HOG), gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and their fused features are extracted. The stratified 10-fold cross-validation is adopted to train the support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifiers. Experiments on a dataset with 570 ovarian color Doppler ultrasound images generate an average accuracy of 92.64%, a recall of 90.30%, a specificity of 97.75%, and a macro_F1 of 90.07%. The results show that the fused feature of GLCM and HOG can better grade the blood flow compared with other features. KNN has superior performance over SVM for this task. The color score of color Doppler flow within ovarian masses combined with the B-mode ultrasound images can ensure the integrity of key information while avoiding redundancy. The study lays the foundation for the development of a subsequent O-RADS grading system for ovarian masses.
Intonational pitch accent distribution in Egyptian Arabic.

Egyptian Arabic (EA) is a stress-accent language with postlexical intonational pitch accents. This thesis investigates EA pitch accents within the autosegmental-metrical (AM) framework (Ladd 1996). The goal of the study is to identify the place of EA in the spectrum of cross-linguistic prosodic variation, and to resolve the challenge it presents to existing phonological accounts of pitch accent distribution. In a corpus of read and (semi-)spontaneous EA speech a pitch accent was found on (almost) every content word, and in the overwhelming majority of cases the same pitch accent type is observed on every word. The typological implications of EA pitch accent distribution are explored in the context of the typology of word-prosodic variation (Hyman 2001) and variation in the domain of pitch accent distribution is proposed as a new parameter of prosodic variation. A survey of EA prosodic phrasing and of the relative accentuation of function words and content words shows that the correct generalisation for EA is that there is a pitch accent on every Prosodic Word (PWd). A phonological analysis is proposed within Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolen.sky 1993), formalising the two-way relation between tone and prosodic prominence at all levels of the Prosodic Hierarchy. An experimental study suggests that alignment of the H peak in EA pitch accents varies with stressed syllable type (cf. Ladd et al 2000), and is analysed as phonological association of the pitch accent to the foot. A final experiment quantifies the prosodic reflexes of information and contrastive focus. Even when post-focal and 'given' EA words still bear a pitch accent, but there are gradient effects of focus in the form of pitch range manipulation. Independence of pitch accent distribution from information structure supports the formal analysis of EA pitch accent distribution within the phonological part of the grammar.
Adaptive Leader‐Following Consensus for Uncertain Nonlinear Multi‐Agent Systems

This paper is concerned with the adaptive leader‐following consensus for first‐ and second‐order uncertain nonlinear multi‐agent systems (NMASs) with single‐ and double‐integrator leader, respectively. Remarkably, the control coefficients of the followers need not belong to any known finite interval, which makes the systems in question essentially different from those in the related works. Moreover, parameterized unknowns exist in the nonlinearities of the followers, and unknown control input is imposed on the leader, which make the problems difficult to solve. To compensate for these uncertainties/unknowns, the leader‐following consensus protocols are constructed by employing adaptive technique for the first‐order and the second‐order NMASs. Under the designed adaptive consensus protocols and the connected graph, the leader‐following consensus is achieved. Finally, two examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed leader‐following consensus protocols.
Where Do People Draw Lines?

This paper presents the results of a study in which artists made line drawings intended to convey specific 3D shapes. The study was designed so that drawings could be registered with rendered images of 3D models, supporting an analysis of how well the locations of the artists' lines correlate with other artists', with current computer graphics line definitions, and with the underlying differential properties of the 3D surface. Lines drawn by artists in this study largely overlapped one another (75% are within 1mm of another line), particularly along the occluding contours of the object. Most lines that do not overlap contours overlap large gradients of the image intensity, and correlate strongly with predictions made by recent line drawing algorithms in computer graphics. 14% were not well described by any of the local properties considered in this study. The result of our work is a publicly available data set of aligned drawings, an analysis of where lines appear in that data set based on local properties of 3D models, and algorithms to predict where artists will draw lines for new scenes.
Space-charge-limited current in nanowires

Space-charge-limited current is often observed in semiconductor nanowires due to carrier depletion and reduced electrostatic screening. We present a numerical study on geometric scaling of the space-charge-limited current in nanowires, in comparison with the thin film and bulk geometries, using an n+-n-n+-model. The model highlights the effects of the surroundings for thin films and nanowires and shows that the dielectric properties of the semiconductor have a negligible effect on the space-charge-limited transport for small dimensions. The distribution of equilibrium and injected charge concentration vary as the semiconductor dimensionality is reduced. For low doping, the ohmic current is controlled by charge diffusion from degenerate contacts rather than by the nanowire impurity concentration. The results of numerical calculations agree with a simple capacitance formalism which assumes a uniform charge distribution along the nanowire, and experimental measurements for InAs nanowires confirm these result.
Isolated Popliteus Rupture at the Musculo-tendinous Junction

We report the case of a 23-year-old professional senior international rugby union player who sustained a lateral blow to his semiﬂexed knee during a competitive game. Initial clinical examination was unremarkable apart from some posterolateral tenderness. A magnetic resonance imaging scan showed an isolated popliteus tendon rupture at the musculo-tendinous junction. After 5 weeks of focused rehabilitation and graduated training, he was able to resume his playing career and resumed his international playing career later that season. At the time of reporting, he has completed a full domestic and international season without any sequelae from the injury. This report highlights the rarity of such an injury, especially at the musculo-tendinous junction, and sets out a detailed rehabilitation program that has enabled the patient in question to resume his playing career.
Hankel norm of sampled-data systems

Generalizes the concept of Hankel norm for purely continuous-time systems to sampled-data systems. The Hankel norm of a sampled-data system is defined by taking into account intersample behaviors. The formula of the Hankel norm of a sampled-data system is given by a hybrid state-space model approach. The authors show that the Hankel norm is equal to that of an equivalent discrete-time system. Two simple examples including sampled-data controller reduction are demonstrated. >
Attenuation of the development of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis by thymoquinone

he role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hypercholes-terolemia-induced atherosclerosis has been previously reported (1,2). Hypercholesterolemia stimulates polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes and activates vascular endothelial cells, which results in excess ROS release (3,4). In addition, hypercholesterolemia increases platelet-activating factor concentrations, which in turn increases interleukin (IL)-1 b and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a ) synthesis and release (5). IL-1 b , IL-8 and IL-6, TNF-a and interferon-gamma are known to activate granulocytes that generate ROS (6). TNF-a also induces NADPH-oxidase enzyme to liberate ROS in the vascular endothelial cells (7)
Efficiency enhancement of ZnO nanostructure assisted Si solar cell based on fill factor enlargement and UV-blue spectral down-shifting

ZnO nanostructures (including nano-plates and nano-rods (NRs)) are grown in various temperatures and Ar/O2 flow rates using thermal chemical vapor deposition, which affect the structure, nano-plate/NR population, and the quality of ZnO nanostructures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) attests that the peak intensity of the crystallographic plane (1 0 0) is correlated to nano-plate abundance. Moreover, optical properties elucidate that the population of nano-plates in samples strongly affect the band gap, binding energy of the exciton, and UV–visible (UV–vis) absorption and spectral luminescence emissions. In fact, the exciton binding energy reduces from ~100 to 80 meV when the population of nano-plates increases in samples. Photovoltaic characteristics based on the drop-casting on Si solar cells reveals three dominant factors, namely, the equivalent series resistance, decreasing reflectance, and down-shifting, in order to scale up the absolute efficiency by 3%. As a consequence, the oxygen vacancies in ZnO nanostructures give rise to the down-shifting and increase of free-carriers, leading to a reduction in the equivalent series resistance and an enlargement of fill factor. To obtain a larger Isc, reduction of spectral reflectance is essential; however, the down-shifting process is shown to be dominant by lessening the surface electron-hole recombination rate over the UV–blue spectral range.
Voluntary versus involuntary telecommuting and employee innovative behaviour: a daily diary study

Abstract During the COVID-19 crisis, telecommuting has gradually attracted the public’s attention. Past studies on the subject have produced inconsistent findings, suggesting that telecommuting can lead to simultaneous benefits and drawbacks. To discuss the deeper reasons for this finding, we divided telecommuting into two types—voluntary and involuntary telecommuting. Based on the job demands-resources model, we explored the impact of voluntary-involuntary telecommuting on employee innovative behaviour through co-worker emotional support, and we examined the cross-level moderating effect of organisational identification. Using the daily diary method, we collected 455 valid observations from 65 employees for eight consecutive days. The results show that compared with involuntary telecommuting, voluntary telecommuting leads to more co-worker emotional support, in a mediating role, and employee innovative behaviour. Furthermore, a high level of organisational identification enlarges the difference in co-worker emotional support for employees voluntarily or involuntarily telecommuting. Our results uncover those differences and fill the research gap on telecommuter motivation.
Forecasting West African Heat Waves at Subseasonal and Seasonal Time Scales

AbstractEarly indication of an increased risk of extremely warm conditions could help alleviate some of the consequences of severe heat waves on human health. This study focuses on boreal spring heat wave events over West Africa and the Sahel and examines the long-range predictability and forecast quality of these events with two coupled forecasting systems designed at Meteo-France, both based on the CNRM-CM coupled global climate model: the operational seasonal forecasting System 5 and the experimental contribution to the World Weather Research Programme/World Climate Research Programme (WWRP/WCRP) subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) project. Evaluation is based on past reforecasts spanning 22 years, from 1993 to 2014, compared to reference data from reanalyses. On the seasonal time scale, skill in reproducing interannual anomalies of heat wave duration is limited at a gridpoint level but is significant for regional averages. Subseasonal predictability of daily humidity-corrected apparent temperature drops sha.
Chronic evoked seizures in young pre-symptomatic APP/PS1 mice induce serotonin changes and accelerate onset of Alzheimer’s disease-related neuropathology

Objective People with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are at elevated seizure risk. Further, chronic seizures in pre-symptomatic stages may disrupt serotonin pathway-related protein expression, precipitating the onset of AD-related pathology and burden of neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Methods 2-3-month-old APP/PS1, PSEN2-N141I, and transgenic control mice were sham or corneal kindled for 2 weeks to model chronic seizures. Seizure-induced changes in glia, serotonin pathway proteins, and amyloid β levels in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were quantified. Results APP/PS1 mice experienced worsened mortality versus kindled Tg-controls. APP/PS1 females were also more susceptible to chronic kindled seizures. These changes correlated with a marked downregulation of hippocampal tryptophan hydroxylase 2 and monoamine oxidase A protein expression compared to controls; these changes were not detected in PSEN2-N141I mice. Kindled APP/PS1 mice exhibited amyloid β overexpression and glial overactivity without plaque deposition. PSEN2 protein expression was AD model-dependent. Significance Seizures evoked in pre-symptomatic APP/PS1 mice promotes premature mortality in the absence of pathological Aβ deposition. Disruptions in serotonin pathway metabolism are associated with increased glial reactivity and PSEN2 downregulation without amyloid β deposition. This study provides the first direct evidence that seizures occurring prior to amyloid β plaque accumulation worsen disease burden in an AD genotype-specific manner. Highlights: Seizures are a comorbidity in Alzheimer’s disease that may worsen disease burden. Pathological overlap between both neurological disorders is understudied. Young APP/PS1, but not PSEN2-N141I mice, have increased seizure-induced mortality. Seizures reduce hippocampal serotonin pathway proteins only in young APP/PS1 mice. Kindled young APP/PS1 mice have glial hyperactivity before amyloid β accumulation.
Remarks on a 2-D nonlinear backward heat problem using a truncated Fourier series method.

The inverse conduction problem arises when experimental measurements are taken in the interior of a body, and it is desired to calculate temperature on the surface. We consider the problem of finding, from the final data u(x, y, T ) = φ(x, y), the initial data u(x, y, 0) of the temperature function u(x, y, t), (x, y) ∈ U ≡ (0, π)× (0, π), t ∈ [0, T ] satisfying the nonlinear system ut −∆u = f(x, y, t, u(x, y, t)), (x, y, t) ∈ U × (0, T ), u(0, y, t) = u(π, y, t) = u(x, 0, t) = u(x, π, t) = 0, (x, y, t) ∈ U × (0, T ). This problem is known to be ill-posed, as the solution exhibits unstable dependence on the given data functions. Using the Fourier series method, we regularize the problem and to get some new error estimates. A numerical experiment is given.
Self-noise of NACA 0012 and NACA 0021 aerofoils at the onset of stall

The aerodynamic noise of a NACA 0012 and NACA 0021 aerofoil is measured and compared in order to determine whether there are differences in their noise signatures with a focus on the onset of stall. Measurements of the self-noise of each aerofoil are measured in an open-jet Anechoic Wind Tunnel at Reynolds numbers of 64,000 and 96,000, at geometric angles of attack from −5° through 40° at a resolution of 1°. Further measurements are taken at Re = 96,000 at geometric angles of attack from −5 through 16° at a resolution of 0.5°. Results show that while the noise generated far into the stall regime is quite similar for both aerofoils the change in noise level at the onset of stall is significantly different between the two aerofoils with the NACA 0021 exhibiting a much sharper increase in noise levels below a chord-based Strouhal number of Stc = 1.1. This behaviour is consistent with the changes in lift of these aerofoils as well as the rate of collapse of the suction peak of a NACA 0012 aerofoil under these flow conditions.
Gene inversion triggered origination of brackish archaeal heterotrophs in the aftermath of the Cryogenian Snowball Earth

Land-ocean interactions greatly impacted the evolution of coastal life on Earth. However, the geological forces and genetic mechanisms that shaped evolutionary adaptations and allowed microorganisms to inhabit coastal brackish waters remain largely unexplored. Here, we infer the evolutionary trajectory of the ubiquitous heterotrophic archaea Poseidoniales (Marine Group II archaea) across global aquatic habitats. Our results show that their brackish subgroups have evolved through the rearrangement of the magnesium transport gene corA that conferred osmotic-stress tolerance dated to over 600 million years ago. The coastal family of Poseidoniales showed a rapid increase in the evolutionary rate during and in the aftermath of the Cryogenian Snowball Earth (~700 million years ago), possibly in response to the enhanced phosphorus supply and the rise of algae. Our study highlights the close interplay between genetic changes and ecosystem transformations that boosted microbial diversification in the Neoproterozoic continental margins.
Genetic consequences of improved river connectivity in brown trout (Salmo trutta, L.)

Fragmentation of watercourses poses a significant threat to biodiversity, particularly for migratory fish species. Mitigation measures such as fishways, have been increasingly implemented to restore river connectivity and support fish migration. The effects of such restoration efforts are typically tested using telemetry and fisheries methods, which do not fully capture the broader population movements that may have important consequences for population viability. We performed a before-and-after control-impact (BACI) study using genetic tools (SNPs) to investigate the effect of a newly implemented fishway, aiming to enhance upstream spawning migration of brown trout (Salmo trutta, Linnaeus) in a reservoir with two headwater tributaries fragmented by man-made weirs. Another reservoir with two barrier-free tributaries was also analysed as a control. Our results showed that the isolated brown trout population was spawning in the reservoir before the installation of the fishway, and we found genetic structuring and differentiation between fragmented headwater tributaries before the fishway construction, but not in the control reservoir. Unexpectedly, after the fishway construction we observed signals consistent with increased genetic differentiation between populations of newly recruited juvenile fish in the reservoir tributary and fish in the reservoir. We propose this was caused by newly enabled philopatric behaviour of brown trout to their natal spawning tributary. In contrast, we did not find any genetic changes in the tributary without a fishway or in the barrier-free reservoir system. Given the scarcity of similar studies, we advocate for an increased use of genetic analyses in BACI studies to monitor and evaluate the effect of efforts to restore habitat connectivity and inform future management strategies.
Spring reproductive success influences autumnal malarial load in a passerine bird

Although avian haemosporidian parasites are widely used as model organisms to study fundamental questions in evolutionary and behavorial ecology of host-parasite interactions, some of their basic characteristics, such as seasonal variations in within-host density, are still mostly unknown. In addition, their interplay with host reproductive success in the wild seems to depend on the interaction of many factors, starting with host and parasite species and the temporal scale under study. Here, we monitored the parasitemia of two haemosporidian parasites – Plasmodium relictum (lineage SGS1) and P. homonucleophilum (lineage SW2) – in two wild populations of great tits (Parus major) in Switzerland over three years, to characterize their dynamics. We also collected data on birds’ reproductive output – laying date, clutch size, fledging success – to determine whether they were associated with parasitemia before (winter), during (spring) and after (autumn) breeding season. Parasitemia of both species dramatically increased in spring, in a way that was correlated to parasitemia in winter. Parasitemia before and during breeding season did not explain reproductive success. However, the birds which fledged the more chicks had higher parasitemia in autumn, which was not associated with their parasitemia in previous spring. Our results tend to indicate that high haemosporidian parasite loads do not impair reproduction in great tits, but high resource allocation into reproduction can leave birds less able to maintain low parasitemia over the following months.
Chitosan stimulates root hair callose deposition and inhibits root hair growth

Although angiosperm plants have a general capacity to react after the immunity elicitor chitin or chitosan treatment by the cell wall callose deposition, this response in particular cell types and its evolutionary conservation is not understood. Here we show that also the growing root hairs (RHs) of Arabidopsis can respond to a mild (0.001%) chitosan treatment by the callose deposition and by a deceleration of the RH growth. We demonstrate that the glucan synthase-like 5 (GSL5)/PMR4 is vital for chitosan-induced callose deposition but not for RH growth inhibition. Upon the higher chitosan concentration (0.01%) treatment, RHs do not deposit callose, while growth inhibition is prominent. To understand the specificities of the low and high concentration chitosan treatments, we analysed the corresponding PTI signalling components, gene expression, and RH cellular endomembrane and cytoskeleton modifications. Importantly, chitosan-induced callose deposition is also present in the functionally analogous and evolutionarily only distantly related RH-like structures rhizophores (lycophytes) and rhizoids (bryophytes). Our results point to the RH callose deposition as a conserved strategy of soil-anchoring plant cells (rhizoids/rhizophores/RHs) to deal with mild biotic stress. At the same time, high chitosan concentration prominently disturbs intracellular dynamics, tip-localised endomembrane compartments and RH growth, precluding callose deposition.