Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low physical activity is associated with adverse health outcome and higher costs in Indonesia: A national panel study

Aims To assess the association between low physical activity, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factors, health service utilization, risk of catastrophic health expenditure, and work productivity in Indonesia. Methods In this population-based, panel data analysis, we used data from two waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) for 2007/2008 and 2014/2015. Respondents aged 40–80 years who participated in both waves were included in this study (n = 5,936). Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-SF). Multinomial logistic regression model was used to examine factors associated with physical activity levels (low, moderate, and high). We applied a series of multilevel mixed-effect panel regression to examine the associations between physical activity and outcome variables. Results The prevalence of low physical activity increased from 18.2% in 2007 to 39.6% in 2014. Compared with those with high physical activity, respondents with low physical activity were more likely to have a 10-year high CVD risk (AOR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.51–2.95), use outpatient care (AOR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.07–1.96) and inpatient care (AOR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.07–1.96), experience catastrophic health expenditure of 10% of total household expenditure (AOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.21–2.28), and have lower labor participation (AOR: 0.24, 95% 0.20–0.28). Conclusions Low physical activity is associated with adverse health outcomes and considerable costs to the health system and wider society. Accelerated implementation of public health policies to reduce physical inactivity is likely to result in substantial population health and economic benefits.
Epitaxial ferroelectric memristors integrated with silicon

Neuromorphic computing requires the development of solid-state units able to electrically mimic the behavior of biological neurons and synapses. This can be achieved by developing memristive systems based on ferroelectric oxides. In this work we fabricate and characterize high quality epitaxial BaTiO3-based memristors integrated with silicon. After proving the ferroelectric character of BaTiO3 we tested the memristive response of LaNiO3/BaTiO3/Pt microstructures and found a complex behavior which includes the co-existence of volatile and non-volatile effects, arising from the modulation of the BaTiO3/Pt Schottky interface by the direction of the polarization coupled to oxygen vacancy electromigration to/from the interface. This produces remanent resistance loops with tunable ON/OFF ratio and asymmetric resistance relaxations. These properties might be harnessed for the development of neuromorphic hardware compatible with existing silicon-based technology.
Evaluation of pharmacist-led telemedicine medication management for hypertension established patients during COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot study

Aim To evaluate the impact of a telemedicine medication management service in patients with hypertension. Methods Participants were allocated to either a telemedicine service (N = 173) or usual care (UC) (N = 179). The primary outcome was blood pressure (BP) reduction from baseline to the 6-month follow-up visit, the proportion of the target BP achievement, overall adherence to prescribed medication as well as a composite of non-fatal stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death. Results At 6 months, BP was controlled in 89.6% (n = 155) of intervention patients and 78.8% (n = 141) of UC patients (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.04–1.25, P = 0.006), giving a mean difference of −6.0 (−13.0 to −2.5 mmHg) and −2.0 mmHg (−4.0 to −0.1 mmHg) in SBP and DBP, respectively. 17.9% (n = 31) of the patients in the intervention group were non-adherent with medications, compared with 29.1% (n = 52) in the UC group (P = 0.014). The composite clinical endpoints were reached by 2.9% in the intervention group and 4.5% in the control group with no significant differences (OR = 1.566, 95% CI = 0.528–4.646). Conclusion Telemedicine medication management for hypertension management had led to better BP control and medication adherence improvement than UC during COVID-19 epidemic, resulting in a reduction of overall adverse cardiovascular events occurrence.
The influence of image reconstruction on two-dimensional spectrograms of the solar photosphere

Aims. We present a spectral analysis of small-scale structures in the solar photosphere and investigate the influence of the speckle deconvolution technique on the line profiles. Methods. A short sequence of two-dimensional spectra is used, taken with the Telecentric Etalon Solar Spectrometer (TESOS) at the German Vacuum Tower Telescope on Tenerife. We observed two small pores surrounded by disturbed and by regular granulation in the non-magnetic neutral Iron line at 557.6 nm. In a first step, a speckle reconstruction is computed by applying an extended Knox-Thompson algorithm to the broad-band data. In a second step, the individual narrow-band filtergrams are deconvolved utilizing the information gained in the first step. We then perform a spectral analysis of the 2D spectra and compare the results obtained with the raw and the restored data. Results. Important spectral quantities, e.g. line position, line depression and line asymmetry are largely unchanged by the image reconstruction process. We derive the line asymmetry and the line-of-sight flow for granules and intergranular lanes and also for an isolated G-band bright point and find important differences between quiet and magnetically disturbed granulation: the granule centers in the quiet region show a strong asymmetry with significant blue shift (300 m/s) toward deeper layers, while the velocity in the disturbed area show virtually no height dependence. For the intergranular lanes the situation is reversed: no height dependence in the quiet area, significant red-shift toward deeper layers in the disturbed part. An isolated G-band bright point does not show any line-of-sight motion relative to its immediate surroundings. The map of LOS velocities derived from line-wing shifts shows a significant downflow around one of the pores measured in deep layers of the photosphere. Conclusions. In most cases we do not find any artefacts in the reconstructed line profiles that would compromise their usage for quantitative spectroscopy.
Time-restricted feeding improves metabolic and endocrine profiles in mice with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objectives Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathy disorders in premenopausal women, which is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a new intermittent restriction dietary pattern, which has been shown to have positive benefits on obesity and glycolipid metabolism disorders. We aimed to explore the effect of the feeding regimen (ad libitum vs. TRF) on the glycolipid metabolism and reproductive endocrine disorders in a PCOS mouse model. Methods PCOS mouse model was induced by continuous subcutaneous administration of dihydrotestosterone for 21 days. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks on an ad libitum or time- restricted diet (from 10:30 p.m. to 6:30 a.m.). Results Compared to control mice, PCOS mice that received TRF treatment had significantly lower body weight, reduced adiposity, lower area under the curve (AUC) of glucose response in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and lower AUC in the insulin tolerance test (ITT). TRF also ameliorated lipid metabolism, as shown by a reduction in plasma lipid profiles (triglycerides and cholesterol) and the triglyceride content in the liver of PCOS mice. In terms of reproduction, the plasma androgen level, plasma estrogen (E2) level, and luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio in PCOS mice were significantly reduced after 8 weeks of TRF treatment. In addition, ovarian histology showed that TRF inhibits cyst formation and promotes corpus luteum formation. Conclusion In conclusion, TRF improved metabolic and endocrine profiles in mice with PCOS.
Lifetime ostracism experiences and mechanisms of pain

One social mechanism by which marginalization is enacted is via ostracism. Recent research has demonstrated ostracism's impact on physical health, but little is known about the relationship between accumulated lifetime experiences of ostracism and pain. Despite recent calls for added attention to social modulation of pain and social indicators of pain disparities, the impact of specific social factors on pain—including those of ostracism—are not well understood. Results of laboratory studies on the effects of acute ostracism experiences on pain sensitivity have been mixed. However, these studies have not considered lived and repeated experiences of ostracism, and primarily included single static measures of pain sensitivity. Additionally, inclusion and representation of the relationship between ostracism experiences and pain among people with minoritized identities are lacking in the current literature. In this study, we explored accumulated lifetime experiences of ostracism as a potential contributing factor to enhanced pain and one social mechanism by which societal inequity may create and maintain inequity in pain. We extracted measures of lifetime experiences of ostracism from six studies focused on social factors and (non-chronic) pain conducted between 2016 and 2020 (n = 505 adults). To retain and examine diversity within the sample, we used moderation and within-group analyses. Results indicate that greater experiences of lifetime ostracism are associated with lower cold pain tolerance, but not other pain measures, in the whole sample. Moderation and within-group analyses reveal opposing patterns of results between populations included in the extant literature (White participants, convenience samples) and those under-represented in the scientific literature (racialized groups, community samples). This study provides an example of a diversity science approach to examining social indicators of pain, illustrates the limited generalizability of previous studies on ostracism and pain, and highlights the need for increased representation and inclusion to understand mechanisms of pain and inequity.
Are Psychosocial Resources Buffering the Relation Between Physical Work Behaviors and Need for Recovery?

Objectives: We investigate whether job control and/or social support at work play a buffering role in the relation between various physical work behaviors and Need for Recovery (NFR) among employees with physically demanding jobs. Methods: Our findings are based on data from 332 workers. The Job Content Questionnaire was used to assess job control, social support and specific physically demanding tasks. General physical work behaviors were measured by two Axivity AX3 accelerometers. The NFR Scale (0–11) was used to assess NFR. We used multiple linear regression models. Results: Sitting at work turned out to be negatively associated with NFR, whereas physically demanding tasks were associated positively with NFR. Our results show a significant buffering role for job control on the correlation between sitting, physically demanding tasks and NFR, but not for social support. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that higher job control might be beneficial to reduce high NFR and eventually may help to reduce early drop-out and sickness absence. Further research is called for to confirm the buffering role of job control and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
Identification of small molecules as novel anti-adipogenic compounds based on Connectivity Map

Several physiological and pathological conditions such as aging, obesity, diabetes, anorexia nervosa are associated with increased adipogenesis in the bone marrow. A lack of effective drugs hinder the improved treatment for aberrant accumulation of bone marrow adipocytes. Given the higher costs, longer duration and sometimes lack of efficacy in drug discovery, computational and experimental strategies have been used to identify previously approved drugs for the treatment of diseases, also known as drug repurposing. Here, we describe the method of small molecule-prioritization by employing adipocyte-specific genes using the connectivity map (CMap). We then generated transcriptomic profiles using human mesenchymal stromal cells under adipogenic differentiation with the treatment of prioritized compounds, and identified emetine and kinetin-riboside to have a potent inhibitory effect on adipogenesis. Overall, we demonstrated a proof-of-concept method to identify repurposable drugs capable of inhibiting adipogenesis, using the Connectivity Map.
Empagliflozin inhibits coronary microvascular dysfunction and reduces cardiac pericyte loss in db/db mice

Background Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a pathophysiological feature of diabetic heart disease. However, whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors protect the cardiovascular system by alleviating CMD is not known. Objective We observed the protective effects of empagliflozin (EMPA) on diabetic CMD. Materials and methods The mice were randomly divided into a db/db group and a db/db + EMPA group, and db/m mice served as controls. At 8 weeks of age, the db/db + EMPA group was given empagliflozin 10 mg/(kg⋅d) by gavage for 8 weeks. Body weight, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure were dynamically observed. Cardiac systolic and diastolic function and coronary flow reserve (CFR) were detected using echocardiography. The coronary microvascular structure and distribution of cardiac pericytes were observed using immunofluorescence staining. Picrosirius red staining was performed to evaluate cardiac fibrosis. Results Empagliflozin lowered the increased fasting blood glucose levels of the db/db group. The left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular fractional shortening, E/A ratio and E/e′ ratio were not significantly different between the three groups. CFR was decreased in the db/db group, but EMPA significantly improved CFR. In contrast to the sparse and abnormal expansion of coronary microvessels observed in the db/db group, the number of coronary microvessels was increased, and the capillary diameter was decreased in the db/db + EMPA group. The number and microvascular coverage of cardiac pericytes were reduced in the db/db mice but were improved by EMPA. The cardiac fibrosis was increased in db/db group and may alleviate by EMPA. Conclusion Empagliflozin inhibited CMD and reduced cardiac pericyte loss in diabetic mice.
Diabetes health coach in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta analysis of quadruple aim outcomes

Background As diabetes self-management necessitates life-long learning, behaviour change, support, and monitoring, health coaching is a promising intervention to assist individuals in more than just meeting glycemic goals and glycated hemoglobin (A1C) targets. Currently, studies of health coaching for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are limited due to their emphasis on glycemic control. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the effects of health coaching on adults with T2DM based on quadruple aim outcomes and to assess the implementation of these interventions. Methods We searched 6 databases for randomized controlled trials of health coaching interventions delivered by a health professional for adults with T2DM. Reviewers screened citations, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias and certainty of evidence (GRADE). We assessed statistical and methodological heterogeneity and performed a meta−analysis of studies. Results Nine studies were included in this review. Our meta-analysis showed a significant reduction of A1C [0.24 (95% CI, -0.38 to -0.09)] after exposure to diabetes health coaching, and small to trivial significant benefits for BMI, waist circumference, body weight, and depression/distress immediately post intervention based on moderate certainty of evidence. However, long term benefit of these clinical outcomes were not maintained at follow-up timepoints. There was a small significant benefit for systolic blood pressure which was maintained after the completion of health coaching exposure at follow-up, but there was no statistically significant benefit in other secondary outcomes such as diastolic blood pressure and lipid profile measures (e.g. triglycerides). Very few studies reported on other quadruple aim measures such as patient-reported outcomes, cost of care, and healthcare provider experience. Conclusions Our systematic review and meta-analysis shows that health coaching interventions can have short term impact beyond glucose control on cardiometabolic and mental health outcomes. Future studies should try to examine quadruple aim outcomes to better assess the benefit and impact of these interventions at longer time points and following termination of the coaching program. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero, identifier (CRD42022347478).
Mental health service contact following release from prison or hospital discharge in those with psychosis

Background An association exists between psychosis and criminal offending, which evidence suggests can be reduced by effective mental health care for this vulnerable population. However mental health services often lose contact with people after diagnosis. The association between the first episode of psychosis and criminal offending highlights the need for effective mental health care for this vulnerable population. Aims To investigate the association between the first diagnosis of psychosis (FDP) in prison or hospital and subsequent mental health service contact following release from prison or discharge from hospital. Materials and methods Individuals with a FDP either in prison (n = 492) or hospital setting (n = 24,910) between July 2006 and December 2011 in NSW (Australia), were followed post-release or discharge until their first mental health service contact in the community, the occurrence of an offence, death, or completion of the study period at the end of December 2012. Cox regression models were used to examine the predictors for the mental health service contacts following release or discharge. Results Over 70% of those with a FDP in prison or hospital had a psychosis-related or any community-based mental health service contact following release or discharge between July 2006 and December 2012. Those with a FDP in prison were more likely to have no contact with mental health services than those in hospital with no prior offence record (hazard ratio, HR = 3.14, 95% CI: 2.66–3.72 and adjusted hazard ratio, aHR = 3.05, 95% CI: 2.56–3.63) within a median follow-up time of 25 days for the prison group and 26 days for hospital group. Males, individuals of Aboriginal heritage and individuals diagnosed with substance-related psychoses compared to those with schizophrenia and related psychoses were less likely to have a mental health service contact following release or discharge in both the univariable and multivariable analysis. Conclusion This study suggests that prior offending or a previous prison episode represents a barrier to mental health service contact in the community for those with a FDP. Effective rehabilitation planning while exiting prison and discharge planning from hospital are essential to the successful reintegration of these individuals with a FDP.
Estimating cropland requirements for global food system scenario modeling

Introduction The production of plant crops is foundational to the global food system. With the need for this system to become more sustainable while feeding an increasing global population, tools to investigate future food system scenarios can be useful to aid decision making, but are often limited to a calorie- or protein-centric view of human nutrition. Methods Here, a mathematical model for forecasting the future cropland requirement to produce a given quantity of crop mass is presented in conjunction with the DELTA Model®: an existing food system scenario model calculating global availability of 29 nutrients against human requirements. The model uses national crop yield data to assign yield metrics for 137 crops. Results The crops with the greatest variation between high and low yielding production were specific nuts, fruits, and vegetables of minor significance to global nutrient availability. The nut crop group showed the greatest overall yield variation between countries, and thus the greatest uncertainty when forecasting the cropland requirement for future increases in production. Sugar crops showed the least overall yield variation. The greatest potential for increasing global food production by improving poor yielding production was found for the most widely grown crops: maize, wheat, and rice, which were also demonstrated to be of high nutritional significance. Discussion The combined cropland and nutrient availability model allowed the contribution of plant production to global nutrition to be quantified, and the cropland requirement of future food production scenarios to be estimated. The unified cropland estimation and nutrient availability model presented here is an intuitive and broadly applicable tool for use in global food system scenario modeling. It should benefit future research and policy making by demonstrating the implications for human nutrition of changes to crop production, and conversely the implications for cropland requirement of food production scenarios aimed at improving nutrition.
Quercetin and polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive endocrine disease, and results to opsomenorrhea or amenorrhea, hairy, acne, acanthosis, infertility, abortion. In the long term, PCOS may also increase the risk of endometrial cancer, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and other diseases. Till now there is no specific drug for PCOS due to the unclearness of the cause and pathogenesis, as current treatments for PCOS only target certain symptoms. Quercetin (QUR) is a flavonoid drug widely found in Chinese herbal medicines, fruits, leaves, vegetables, seeds and plants roots. Studies on other diseases have found that QUR has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-insulin resistance, anti-cancer and other effects. Some studies have shown that serum testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), the LH/follicule-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and lipid levels are reduced in PCOS patients with QUR treatment. However, the mechanisms of QUR in PCOS patients have not been completely elucidated. In this review, we retrospect the basic characteristics of QUR, and in vitro studies, animal experiments and clinical trials of QUR and plant extracts containing QUR in the treatment of PCOS. We also summarized the effects and mechanism of QUR in ovarian cells in vitro and PCOS model rats, the changes in relevant parameters after QUR administration in PCOS patients, and its potentially therapeutic applications.