Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An all-sky study of compact, isolated high-velocity clouds

We combine the catalog of compact high-velocity H  clouds extracted by deHeij et al. (2002) from the Leiden/Dwingeloo Survey in the northern hemisphere with the catalog extracted by Putman et al. (2002) from the Parkes HIPASS data in the southern hemisphere, and analyze the all-sky properties of the ensemble. Compact high-velocity clouds are a subclass of the general high-velocity cloud phenomenon which are isolated in position and velocity from the extended high-velocity Complexes and Streams down to column densities below 1.5 ×10 18 cm −2 . Objects satisfying these criteria for iso- lation are found to have a median angular size of less than one degree. We discuss selection effects relevant to the two surveys; in particular the crucial role played by obscuration due to Galactic H . Five principal observables are defined for the CHVC population: (1) the spatial deployment of the objects on the sky, (2) the kinematic distribution, (3) the number distribution of observed H  column densities, (4) the number distribution of angular sizes, and (5) the number distribution of H  linewidth. Two classes of models are considered to reproduce the observed properties. The agreement of models with the data is judged by extracting these same observables from simulations, in a manner consistent with the sensitivities of the observations and explic- itly taking account of Galactic obscuration. We show that models in which the CHVCs are the H  counterparts of dark-matter halos evolving in the Local Group potential provide a good match to the observables. The best-fitting populations have a max- imum HI mass of 10 7 M� , a power-law slope of the HI mass distribution in the range −1. 7t o−1.8, and a Gaussian dispersion for their spatial distributions of between 150 and 200 kpc centered on both the Milky Way and M31. Given its greater mean distance, only a small fraction of the M31 sub-population is predicted to have been detected in present surveys. An empirical model for an extended Galactic halo distribution for the CHVCs is also considered. While reproducing some aspects of the population, this class of models does not account for some key systematic features of the population.
Electrical Stimulation of the Spine as an Adjunct to Spinal Fusion Procedures Policy

When Policy Topic is covered Either invasive or noninvasive methods of electrical bone growth stimulation may be considered medically necessary as an adjunct to lumbar spinal fusion surgery in patients at high risk for fusion failure, defined as any one of the following criteria:  one or more previous failed spinal fusion(s);  grade III or worse spondylolisthesis;  fusion to be performed at more than one level;  current tobacco use;  diabetes;  renal disease;  alcoholism;  chronic steroid use (*see definition in Considerations section below).
Cerebrospinal Fluid E�ux Through Dynamic Paracellular Pores on Venule as a Missing Piece for the Image of Brain Drainage System

Background: The glymphatic system has been considered to contribute to a larger portion of parenchyma waste clearance and related to pathogenesis of many neural degenerative diseases such as the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, up to date, the key route for the e�ux from perivascular spaces to the blood pool remains a mystery. Methods: BBB-impermeable �uorescent lanthanide probes of different size were �rst applied as cerebrospinal �uid (CSF)/interstitial �uid (ISF) tracers to quantitatively clarify the relative importance of different pathways to drain CSF/ISF solutes. The in vivo dynamic �ows of subarachnoid CSF labeled with �uorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (4 kDa) tracers along brain blood vessels were observed under a two-photon confocal laser scanning microscope. Results: Three phasic process for the brain drainage was observed, in which the rapid e�ux of ISF solutes with a time constant close to the CSF oscillation during sleep appeals for new routes from perivenuous spaces to the blood pool. Careful observation on the dynamic e�ux in vivo revealed a novel drainage pathway in which CSF molecules converge into the bloodstream directly through dynamic trumpet-like pores (basolateral f(cid:0)8 μm; apical f(cid:0)2 μm) on the wall of brain venule in mice. Zn 2+ , an inducer of reconstruction of the tight junctions (TJs) in vascular endothelial cells, could facilitate the brain clearance of macromolecular ISF solutes. De�cit clearance of Aβ through the asymmetric pores on venule potentially causing perivascular space dilation was observed on the AD model mice. Conclusions: The novel asymmetric pore path through reconstruction of endothelial TJs on the wall of venule shall provide a key piece for ISF solutes to drainage from brain in very rapid pathway. The update image would help to understand the structure and the regulation of glymphatic clearance of brain metabolites such as Aβ in search for the solutions of neurodegenerative diseases.
Geological setting of the Granite Mountain batholith, south-central

The Granite Mountain mapping project, initiated in 2013 and continued in 2014, was implemented to clarify the contact relationships and terrane affi nity of the Granite Mountain batholith (Late Triassic), host to the Gibraltar porphyry Cu-Mo deposit. The batholith is included in Quesnel terrane because, on its northeast margin, it intrudes the slightly older Burgess Creek stock, which itself intrudes an assemblage of Upper Triassic sedimentary and volcanic rocks correlated with the Nicola Group, the defi ning stratigraphic unit of Quesnel terrane. These Nicola rocks have yielded Late Triassic conodonts from one locality, and consist mainly of volcanogenic sandstone (locally gritty to pebbly), intercalated with conglomerate, mafi c and felsic volcanic breccia, siltstone, limestone and basalt. The Nicola rocks, and possibly the northern part of the Granite Mountain batholith, are overlain by a younger assemblage that includes slate, siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate, and is correlated with the Dragon Mountain succession (Lower to Middle Jurassic), another characteristic element of Quesnel terrane. A narrow belt of rocks along the southwest margin of the Granite Mountain batholith is assigned to the Cuisson Lake unit. It consists mainly of chlorite schist, foliated limestone and skarn, and was derived from a succession of feldspathic volcaniclastic ±volcanic rocks intercalated with limestone. These rocks were previously included in the Cache Creek Complex, but herein are correlated with the Nicola Group. The Granite Mountain batholith, and rocks of the Nicola Group, Cuisson Lake unit, Burgess Creek stock, and Dragon Mountain succession, form a panel of Quesnel rocks that is bounded to the east and south by rocks of Cache Creek terrane. The eastern boundary is an unexposed north-northwest striking fault that may record more than 20 km of sinistral strike slip. The southern boundary of the Quensel panel is an east- trending fault that juxtaposes the Cuisson Lake unit against Early Cretaceous tonalite of the Sheridan Creek stock, which apparently intrudes Cache Creek rocks farther south. This structure is inferred to be a south-dipping thrust or reverse fault that formed in conjunction with greenschist facies metamorphism and the development of south-dipping foliations in the Sheridan Creek stock, the Cuisson Lake unit, and the southern part of the Granite Mountain batholith.
WIDER Working Paper 2023/137 Global minimum corporate income tax rate

: This paper simulates the impact of the global minimum corporate tax rate (GMCTR) in Uganda by estimating the difference between the mechanical and the behavioural changes in tax revenue. Overall, implementation of GMCTR will increase tax revenue, and the revenue increase is inversely proportional to the behavioural response. The differences in elasticities may introduce tax competition. In addition, the revenue gain is positive but quantitatively small. There are also sectoral differences in revenue gain resulting from the GMCTR. The agriculture, forestry, and fishing; finance and insurance; manufacturing; and real estate sectors have the highest revenue gain, but may also face the highest risk of divestment due to extremely high changes in average effective tax rate (AETR) resulting from implementation of the GMCTR. The results also suggest that the GMCTR may curtail base erosion and profit shifting of MNCs that are thinly capitalized, for the revenue gain from thinly capitalized MNCs is higher than that from their counterparts who are not. Lastly, smaller and younger cash-constrained firms, which contribute marginal revenue, face lower changes in AETR. The paper recommends acknowledgement of local macroeconomic, demographic, and institutional features and tax capacity during the setting of the tax rate. This requires coordination (regional cooperation) to minimize tax competition presented by differentials in elasticities and calls for the segmentation or recognition of sectoral and firm size differences.
Extreme Geomagnetic Disturbances (GMDs) Observed in Eastern Arctic Canada: Occurrence Characteristics and Solar Cycle Dependence

Extreme (>20 nT/s) geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs, also denoted as MPEs—magnetic perturbation events)—impulsive nighttime disturbances with time scale ∼5–10 min, have sufficient amplitude to cause bursts of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) that can damage technical infrastructure. In this study, we present occurrence statistics for extreme GMD events from five stations in the MACCS and AUTUMNX magnetometer arrays in Arctic Canada at magnetic latitudes ranging from 65° to 75°. We report all large (≥6 nT/s) and extreme GMDs from these stations from 2011 through 2022 to analyze variations of GMD activity over a full solar cycle and compare them to those found in three earlier studies. GMD activity between 2011 and 2022 did not closely follow the sunspot cycle, but instead was lowest during its rising phase and maximum (2011–2014) and highest during the early declining phase (2015–2017). Most of these GMDs, especially the most extreme, were associated with high‐speed solar wind streams (Vsw >600 km/s) and steady solar wind pressure. All extreme GMDs occurred within 80 min after substorm onsets, but few within 5 min. Multistation data often revealed a poleward progression of GMDs, consistent with a tailward retreat of the magnetotail reconnection region. These observations indicate that extreme GIC hazard conditions can occur for a variety of solar wind drivers and geomagnetic conditions, not only for fast‐coronal mass ejection driven storms.
Reproductive biology of largescaled mullet, Parachelon grandisquamis (Actinopterygii: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae), in the Marine Protected Area of Niamone–Kalounayes (Casamance estuary, Senegal)

In Senegal, studies on the family Mugilidae are rare and little data is available on their reproductive biology. This study, carried out in the MPA of Niamone–Kalounayes (Casamance River estuary, Senegal) aims to enhance our knowledge of the reproductive biology of the largescale mullet, Parachelon grandisquamis (Valenciennes, 1836), a species highly prized by the local population as a food source. To better understand its reproductive biology, a series of monthly samplings over twelve (12) months from July 2021 to June 2022 was carried out. Experimental fisheries were carried out at six (6) stations located in secondary channels lined with mangroves, using a seine net (250 m long and 25 mm mesh side). A total of 361 individuals were sampled, including 321 female specimens and 40 male specimens. The calculated sex ratio was in favor of females (1:8), with a significant difference between the calculated sex ratio and the theoretical 1:1 sex ratio (χ 2 = 218.73; P -value < 0.05). In the MPA of Niamone–Kalounayes, the breeding period of P. grandisquamis extends from March to July, from the end of the dry season up to the beginning of the wet season. The sizes at first sexual maturity were 17 cm in males and 18 cm in females, showing that in the MPA of Niamone–Kalounayes, males and females of P. grandisquamis reach sexual maturity at very close sizes (χ 2 = 0.02; P > 0.05). As this species is subject to the intense fishery by many actors in the area, these findings may be proven useful in the process of developing a management plan for this particular species.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Does classroom composition make a difference: effects on developments in motivation, sense of classroom belonging, and achievement in upper primary school

The present study investigated the effects of socioeconomic and ethnic classroom composition on developments in students ’ motivation, sense of classroom belonging, and achievement. A sample of 722 primary school students completed questionnaires from 3rd to 6th grade. Latent growth curve analyses revealed that the reading comprehension scores of students with a low socioeconomic status (SES) were lower for each measurement in more socioeconomically disadvantaged classes, whereas these scores were higher in classes with more ethnic minority students. In practice, these effects may often cancel each other out. Furthermore, in classes with a high share of low-SES or ethnic minority students, students of all backgrounds showed more positive developments in motivation. These findings contradict commonly held fears that disadvantaged students “ bring down ” other students in the classroom. The results furthermore highlight the importance of studying longitudinal developments.
Quality and Palatability of Beef Subprimals Subjected to Various Frozen/Refrigerated Storage Conditions

: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of various combinations of refrigerated and frozen storage on quality and palatability attributes in ribeye roll and top sirloin butt subprimals and steaks. USDA Choice boneless ribeye rolls ( n = 40) and top sirloin butts ( n = 40) were aged under refrigeration for 21 d before being assigned to 1 of 4 treatments. Treatments included (1) Frozen subprimals/Frozen steaks, in which subprimals were frozen for 30 d, thawed for 7 d, and portioned into steaks that were frozen for 30 d, then thawed for 2 d before evaluation; (2) Frozen subprimals/Refrigerated steaks, in which subprimals were frozen for 30 d, thawed for 7 d, and portioned into steaks for evaluation; (3) Refrigerated subprimals/Frozen steaks, in which subprimals were portioned into steaks that were frozen for 30 d, then thawed for 2 d before evaluation; and (4) Refrigerated subprimals/Refrigerated steaks, in which subprimals were portioned into steaks for evaluation within 7 d of portioning. Beef steaks from the ribeye rolls and top sirloin butts were evaluated to determine the impact of storage treatments on purge, color, cooking yield, tenderness, and consumer acceptability. For both subprimals, purge varied ( P < 0.0001) among steak treatments, with Refrigerated/Refrigerated being the lowest for both subprimals. For both steak types, cook yield was highest ( P < 0.05) for Refrigerated/ Refrigerated treatment. Refrigerated/Refrigerated ribeye steaks had among the lowest Warner-Bratzler shear force values, and similar ( P > 0.05) consumer ratings were observed for ribeye steaks. Frozen/Frozen top sirloin steaks had the lowest ( P < 0.05) consumer ratings for overall liking, flavor liking, and juiciness liking. Storage conditions played a greater role in quality and consumer acceptability for top sirloin steaks than ribeye steaks. Overall, freezing both subprimals and steaks posed the greatest challenge in quality and palatability.
A Markovian and cellular automata land-use change predictive model of the Usangu Catchment

ABSTRACT Usangu Catchment, in Tanzania, is vital for its rice production in which more than 30% of Tanzanian rice is grown. The catchment is a part of the Southern Agricultural Corridor of Tanzania where major agricultural intensification is expected to take place. Given the role of this catchment, it is important to investigate the effect of agricultural intensification, land-use/land-cover (LULC) change and climate variability on water balance in the catchment. Thus, the objective of the study was to simulate Usangu Catchment’s LULC of 2020 based on LULC of 2000, 2006 and 2013 using Markov Chain and Cellular Automata Analysis.Social, edaphic, climatic and landscape geomorphology factors governing the LULC change and distribution were used to prepare LULC suitability maps in geographical information system.The relative importance of LULC change factors was determined using the analytic hierarchy process and aggregated using weighted linear combination under multi-criteria evaluation approach. The model was validated using simulated and observed LULC 2013. The standard kappa coefficient (κ-standard) and overall agreements of the model were 0.6776 and 0.9125, respectively. The error due to quantity is 0.0243 while error due to allocation is 0.0667. The simulated LULC 2020 scenario shows the increase in urban area by 8.2% and a major decrease in forestland and shrubs by 20.6% and 6.9%, respectively. About 19.6% grassland and 8.5% of agricultural land in 2013 will be converted to urban land by 2020. On the other hand, about 372.0 km2 (10.4%) of wetlands and 368.2 km2 (10.3%) of woodlands will be converted to agricultural land. The 2020 LULC simulation model of Usangu developed in this study provide some useful information for future LULC scenarios and data for water balance models and preparation of future ecological conservation plans.
PERCEIVED SERIOUSNESS AND PEER REPORTING INTENTION: THE MODERATING ROLE OF WRONGDOER’S STATUS

This study intends to evaluate the moderating effect of wrongdoer status (close friends or acquaintances) on the link between perceived wrongdoing seriousness and intention to report academic misconduct. This research used a 1x2 experimental design between subjects. One hundred eleven participants from three universities were involved in the experiments. Participants were selected using a method of purposive sampling. However, only 106 responses can be analyzed using SMART PLS 4 due to insufficient responses from some participants. The findings indicate that students are more likely to report academic misconduct when they consider it to be more severe. However, if the perpetrator is a close friend, the likelihood of a student reporting academic misconduct is significantly reduced. This study has consequences for how colleges respond when students report their friends for academic dishonesty. Students fear that if they report the inappropriate activity of their close friends, they would be left by their friends. Educating students and faculty members on the need of recognizing and reporting academic dishonesty could contribute to the creation of an ethical university culture. Prior research has often been descriptive and qualitative, meanwhile, this study applies path analysis to provide empirical evidence specifically in the Indonesian context about the impact of friendship on students' willingness to report academic misconduct.
A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors are a group of immune checkpoint inhibitors immunotherapy for cancer treatment. These immune checkpoint inhibitors are becoming first-line treatments for several types of cancer. Radiotherapy for cancer is a traditional treatment and the therapeutic effect is not satisfactory due to the side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD1/PD-L1 inhibitor immunotherapy combined chemotherapy for inoperable advanced lung cancer. Methods:Wewill utilize PubMed, PubMed Central, EMbase, Medline, CNKI, WAN FANGDatabase, andWeb of Science to screen eligible studies published from January 1, 2015 to December 30, 2020. Two reviewers will extract data and evaluate the risk of bias independently. The quality of the included studies will be evaluated using the RevMan 5.3 software for data analysis. Results:This reviewwill summarize high-quality evidence of trials to evaluate the precisemedicine efficacy and safety of PD1/PD-L1 inhibitor combined radiotherapy for inoperable advanced lung cancer. Conclusions:The findings of the systematic review will provide scientific evidence of the efficacy and safety of PD1/PD-L1 inhibitor combined radiotherapy for inoperable advanced lung cancer to guide the clinician’s drug use. Ethics and dissemination: Not applicable. INPLASY registration number: INPLASY202140123. Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval, CNKI = China National Knowledge Infrastructure, NSCLC = none small cell lung cancer, PD1 = programmed cell death-1, PD-L1 = programmed cell death 1 ligand 1.
The Influence of Use of Problem-Based Learning E-Book Materials of Optical Equipment on Improving Students' Critical Thinking Ability

: This study intends to ascertain whether problem-based learning e-books for optical devices can improve students' critical thinking skills. Quasy experiment approach one group pretest and posttest used in this research. A total of 45 students of class XI MIPA MAN 1 Yogyakarta were used as research subjects. Pretest and posttest values of critical thinking in the material of optical instruments were used to collect research data. N-gain and Wilcoxon test were used for data analysis. The N-gain value obtained was 0.45 which met the medium criteria. The results showed that electronic books with problem-based learning on optical devices increased students' critical thinking skills.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

Cognitive reappraisal can benefit employees, in terms of their emotional health. However, we propose that reappraisal can also entail hidden costs. Drawing on social-functionalist emotions theory, we posit that the use of reappraisal to control negative self-conscious emotions (guilt and shame) results in both positive employee outcomes (increased satisfaction, decreased burnout) and negative employee outcomes (increased counter-productive workplace behaviors (CWBs)). In Study 1, employees who used reappraisal to control guilt and shame were more satisfied and less burnt out, but also more likely to engage in CWBs. In Study 2, employees described what CWBs they would engage in if they faced no consequences: those using reappraisal to control guilt and shame reported more unethical CWBs and a greater willingness to actually perform the behavior. Study 3 assessed working MBA students in a live interaction (a heated negotiation), finding those who used reappraisal to control guilt and shame behaved more unethically. Studies 4 and 5 experimentally manipulated the use of reappraisal to control guilt and examined its effect on CWBs. Individuals in the reappraisal condition were more likely to withhold valuable resources from task partners (Study 4) and cheat on a work task (Study 5) than individuals in a control condition, providing causal evidence that reappraisal led to more CWBs.