Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two‐point correlation model and the redistribution of Reynolds stresses

A quasi‐isotropic locally homogeneous model for the two‐point double‐velocity correlation tensor is developed by the application of a plausible set of symmetry restrictions to this tensor. The two‐point correlation is related to the single‐point correlation by three independent functions, and reduces to the nonisotropic single‐point correlation and the isotropic two‐point correlation in the limiting cases. It is shown that the model implies that by the use of three independent microscales (and macroscales) it is possible to describe a matrix of 27 elements of microscales (and macroscales) which describe the nonisotropic field. The model is also used to calculate the dissipation rate of the components of the Reynolds stresses. Finally, a formula which expresses the redistribution of the velocity fluctuations due to pressure fluctuations is developed.
What are the predictors and costs of nurse absenteeism at select multicenter government hospitals? A cross-sectional study

Objectives The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence and cost of absenteeism in nurses as well as the factors that affect absenteeism. Methods This is a cross sectional study where a self-administered questionnaire response were obtained from 442 nurses for the previous working in 4 hospitals and 3 primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia. Analyses compared those with zero absences with those with one or more absences per month. Attributable risk was calculated as the difference in the absence percentages among nurses with high-risk exposure and low risk exposure. Results The average absence of nurses is 0.62 days per month. This results in an annual loss of around $4 million. The greatest absence frequency was significantly associated with work psychosocial factors. The modifiable factors included the clarity of work responsibilities, rating of managers, work facilities, work environment, transportation difficulties, and work satisfaction. Cost-effectiveness modules for absence intervention programs were built for these factors. Conclusions This study demonstrated that nurse absenteeism is a costly issue related to work and psychosocial factors. Preventive programs to improve the quality of work life are likely to be cost effective.
Effects of different levels of dietary crude protein on growth performance, blood profiles, diarrhea incidence, nutrient digestibility, and odor emission in weaning pigs

Objective This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary crude protein (CP) on growth performance, blood profiles, diarrhea incidence, nutrient digestibility, and odor emission in weaning pigs. Methods A total of 240 weaning ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc) pigs (8.25±0.050 kg body weight [BW]) were assigned to six treatments based on sex and initial BW, with five replicates of eight pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. Experimental diets with different crude protein levels for early and late weaning phases were as follows: i) CP16, corn-soybean-based diet containing 16%/15% CP; ii) CP17, corn-soybean-based diet containing 17%/16% CP; iii) CP18, corn-soybean-based diet containing 18%/17% CP; iv) CP19, corn-soybean-based diet containing 19%/18% CP; v) CP20, corn-soybean-based diet containing 20%/19% CP; and vi) CP21, corn-soybean-based diet containing 21%/20% CP. Results In the early weaning period, average daily feed intake increased when the dietary CP level decreased (linear, p<0.05). During the entire experimental period, average daily gain and the gain to feed ratio decreased when the dietary CP level increased (linear, p< 0.01). Additionally, a decrease in dietary CP level resulted in a linear increase in final BW (linear, p<0.05). In the early and late weaning periods, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased when the dietary CP level decreased (linear, p<0.01). There were no significant differences in creatinine, glucose, total protein, triglyceride or insulin-like factor-1 levels over the experimental period. The concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG were not significantly affected by dietary CP levels during the experimental period. In the early weaning period, fecal and urine N decreased when the dietary CP level decreased (linear, p<0.01). No differences in nutrient digestibility among the treatments during the early weaning period were found. Throughout the whole experimental period, when the dietary CP level decreased in the weaning pig diet, the diarrhea incidence decreased linearly (linear, p<0.01). Throughout the whole experimental period, when the dietary CP level decreased in the weaning pig diet, ammonia, amines and hydrogen sulfide decreased linearly (linear, p<0.01). Conclusion Reducing dietary CP could decrease diarrhea incidence, the concentration of BUN in serum and odor emission in manure. Furthermore, it could improve N excretion in feces and urine and growth performance in weaning pigs.
Electrical properties of Ohmic contacts to ZnSe nanowires and their application to nanowire-based photodetection

Multilayer Ti∕Au contacts were fabricated on individual, unintentionally doped zinc selenide nanowires with 80nm nominal diameter. Four-terminal contact structures were used to independently measure current-voltage characteristics of contacts and nanowires. Specific contact resistivity of Ti∕Au contacts is 0. 024Ωcm2 and intrinsic resistivity of the nanowires is approximately 1Ωcm. The authors have also measured the spectral photocurrent responsivity of a ZnSe nanowire with 2.0V bias across Ti∕Au electrodes, which exhibits a turnon for wavelengths shorter than 470nm and reaches 22A∕W for optical excitation at 400nm.
Introspection of Availability in Service Based Smart Systems Using Internet of Things (IoT)

Conventional systems are electrical, electro mechanical and heavy-duty industry appliance relying on monitoring, reporting, alert mechanism that are manual or semi-automated for services. As the number of systems increase, the services to these conventional systems are labor intensive, adds complexity and service time is a challenge. Internet of Things (IoT) bridges the physical world data to applications in cloud and acts as a critical interface for driving the Digital Infrastructure for organizations. Current IoT systems design is largely driven by the edge environmental parameters and requirements from software-based applications in the cloud. The constraints of the design that are governed by resources available at the edge. There are multiple use cases for IoT which includes Enterprise, consumer and Industrial applications. The design requirements such as Availability, Security, Energy savings & safety have to be considered for enabling smartness for the conventional systems which also influences cost and resources of support infrastructure. In this paper the modelling design parameters such as availability in service based smart systems is discussed and detailed using mathematical models.
Update on the Pathogenesis of the Hirschsprung-Associated Enterocolitis

Despite the significant progress that has been made in terms of understanding the pathophysiology and risk factors of Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC), the morbidity rate has remained unsatisfactorily stable, and clinical management of the condition continues to be challenging. Therefore, in the present literature review, we summarized the up-to-date advances that have been made regarding basic research on the pathogenesis of HAEC. Original articles published between August 2013 and October 2022 were searched in a number of databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The keywords “Hirschsprung enterocolitis”, “Hirschsprung’s enterocolitis”, “Hirschsprung’s-associated enterocolitis”, and “Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis” were selected and reviewed. A total of 50 eligible articles were obtained. The latest findings of these research articles were grouped into gene, microbiome, barrier function, enteric nervous system, and immune state categories. The present review concludes that HAEC is shown to be a multifactorial clinical syndrome. Only deep insights into this syndrome, with an accrual of knowledge in terms of understanding its pathogenesis, will elicit the necessary changes that are required for managing this disease.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Effect of Maternal and Paternal Demographics and Lifestyle Factors on the Embryo Quality and In Vitro Fertilization Outcomes: A Retrospective Study in North Eastern India

Background Lifestyle habits and demographic characteristics are strongly associated with sperm and oocyte quality and are important co-variates in fertility. However, their effect on the pre-implantation embryo quality in in vitro fertilization (IVF) has not been explored widely. The present retrospective study aimed to explore the effect of maternal and paternal demographic and lifestyle factors on the pre-implantation embryo quality in IVF. Methodology Women in the age group of 21 to 40 years undergoing IVF (n=105) in the Department of Reproductive Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, and their partners were recruited in the study. Maternal and paternal charts were reviewed, and the demographic, lifestyle habit related data, and data related to oocyte retrieval, oocyte quality, and embryo quality were retrieved in a predesigned spreadsheet. Appropriate statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS Version 21 to evaluate the association of the studied maternal and paternal factors with oocyte and embryo quality. P-values less than 0.05 were considered to be significant. Results Maternal factors such as tubal blockage (p=0.02) and residence in an industrial locality (p=0.001) were found to be significantly associated with the quality of oocytes. None of the maternal factors studied were associated with embryo quality; however, day 3 and day 5 embryo quality was significantly associated with educational status of the male partners (p=0.02), smoking (p=0.05), and chewing tobacco (p=0.01). Day 5 embryo quality was also associated with residence in an industrial locality of the male partners (p=0.04). Conclusions Paternal lifestyle habits such as smoking, chewing tobacco, and demographic characteristics such as education and proximity to an industrial area were all related to poor embryo quality. Maternal factors such as tubal blockage and residence of industrial locality were found to be significantly associated with the quality of oocytes.
The Relationship between Rainfall Pattern and Epilithic Diatoms in Four Streams of Central-Western Korea for Three Years (2013–2015)

To study the effect of rainfall patterns on diatom communities in four major central western streams on the Korean Peninsula during the monsoon seasons of 2013 through 2015, we measured precipitation, environmental factors, and epilithic diatoms at 42 sites before (May) and after (August and September) each monsoon. The Mangyeonggang river and Sapgyocheon stream (SS) had a high percentage of low-permeability soil, and the stream had the highest proportion (49.1%) of surrounding land in urban areas. Precipitation and precipitation frequency was closely correlated with electrical conductivity and nutrients, and this was particularly evident in SS. Epilithic diatom abundance for the most abundant species as, Navicula minima, decreased in the stream in 2013 and 2014 and increased in 2015 when precipitation and precipitation frequency were low. This was not clearly distinguishable in the ecological characteristics of each watercourse’s indicator species, except in SS. The dynamic community index was highest in 2015 (ca. 5.50), and the annual changes in the index were clearly shown in SS. The precipitation pattern and the dynamic community index were negatively correlated (r = −0.026~−0.385), and the precipitation within 2 weeks (r = −0.480 for SS) before the second sampling and the frequency of 10 mm of precipitation were closely correlated in the stream (r = −0.450 for SS). The distribution of epilithic diatoms in the four watercourses is therefore affected by monsoon precipitation and precipitation frequency, and the dynamic community index is determined by soil characteristics and land use.
Large proper motions in the remarkable triple radio source in Serpens

The triple radio source in the Serpens star formation region consists of a central object and two lobes with spectral indices characteristic of nonthermal emission. Measurements made at the Arecibo Observatory and the VLA indicate that this triple source is probably associated with the Serpens star-forming region. A weak, circularly polarized 1667 MHz OH maser detected at Arecibo has been observed with the VLA and found to coincide in position to within 1 arcsec with the central source. The position of this central source also falls within the position error ellipsoid of IRAS 18273+0113. VLA observations at 6 cm clearly show that the outer components are moving away from the central source. The angular motion of each component with respect to the central one is 1.3 + or - 0.2 arcsec, implying velocities of 300 + or - 100 km/s at a distance of 500 + or - 200 pc. 36 refs.
Secondary Dose Exposures During 200 MeV Proton Therapy

Prior to the first scheduled treatments at a new 200MeV proton therapy facility a study was commissioned to ascertain the nature of extraneous radiations produced by ancillary components in the beam line. Estimates of the dose and dose equivalent were obtained in the vicinity of the isocentre using a tissue-equivalent proportional counter. The character of the scattered radiation was deduced from the measured single-event distributions and varied with lateral displacement from central axis of the primary beam. A fast neutron dose component was identified at the patient position that decreased progressively with lateral displacement and radial distance from the final collimator. Extending beyond the periphery of the patient collimator a forward peaked cone of scattered high energy protons was evident. Dose equivalents determined at the patient position and attributable to scattering from the beam delivery system varied between 33 x 10 -3 and 80 x 10 -3 Sv per treatment gray.
New insights from comparing statistical theories for inertial particles in turbulence: I. Spatial distribution of particles

In this paper, we contrast two theoretical models for the spatial clustering of inertial particles in isotropic turbulence, one by Chun et al (2005 J. Fluid Mech. 536 219) and the other by Zaichik et al (2007 Phys. Fluids 19 113308). Although their predictions for the radial distribution function are similar in the regime St ≪⃒ 1 ? > , they appear to describe the physical mechanism responsible for the clustering in quite different ways. We demonstrate why the theories generate such similar results in the regime St ≪⃒ 1 ? > by showing that the clustering mechanism in the Chun et al theory captures the leading order effects of the clustering mechanism in the Zaichik et al theory for St ≪⃒ 1 ? > . However, outside of this regime, the similarity between the predictions of the theories breaks down, and we consider the sources of the differences as well as the physical meaning and implications of the differences. Using DNS data we then show that the clustering mechanism described by the Zaichik et al theory accurately describes the clustering up to St ≈ 1 ? > , and we identify a possible source of error for some of the slight quantitative discrepancies at larger St. We then compare these theories with others in the literature and attempt to reconcile as many of the physical explanations for clustering as we can. Finally, we consider the relationship between clustering in isotropic turbulence and the near-wall accumulation of inertial particles in a turbulent boundary layer, and how they scale with the Stokes number in the weak inertia limit.
Effect of higher-order nonlinearity on propagation of nonlinear ion-acoustic waves in a collisionless plasma consisting of negative ions

The combined effects of negative ions and higher-order nonlinearity on ionacoustic solitons are studied using the reductive perturbation method. The basic set of fluid equations for a plasma consisting of negative cold ions, positive cold ions and hot electrons (non-isothermal and isothermal) reduces to the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation and the Korteweg-de Vries equation for the first-order potential, and to the linear inhomogeneous equation for the second-order potential. Stationary solutions of the coupled equations are obtained in the case of negative ions, retaining terms up to the third order in the usual reductive perturbation method.
Towards a Better Understanding of Endometriosis-Related Infertility: A Review on How Endometriosis Affects Endometrial Receptivity

Endometriosis is the most common cause of infertility. Endometrial receptivity has been suggested to contribute to infertility and poor reproductive outcomes in affected women. Even though experimental and clinical data suggest that the endometrium differs in women with endometriosis, the pathogenesis of impaired endometrial receptivity remains incomplete. Therefore, this review summarizes the potential mechanisms that affect endometrial function and contribute to implantation failure. Contemporary data regarding hormone imbalance, inflammation, and immunoregulatory dysfunction will be reviewed here. In addition, genetic, epigenetic, glycosylation, metabolism and microRNA in endometriosis-related infertility/subfertility will be summarized. We provide a brief discussion and perspectives on their future clinical implications in the diagnosis and therapy to improve endometrial function in affected women.
Drivers of Antibiotic Use in Semi-Intensive Poultry Farms: Evidence from a Survey in Senegal

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the capacity of microbial pathogens to survive in the presence of antimicrobials, is considered one of the greatest threats to human health worldwide and is growing rapidly in importance. AMR is thought to be driven in part by the use of antimicrobials (AMU) in livestock production. AMU reduction in agriculture is therefore important, but doing so may endanger farmers’ livelihoods and hamper broader food security. Understanding the drivers for farmers’ antibiotics use is essential for designing interventions which avoid harming agricultural output and to safeguard farmers’ economic security. In this study, we analyse AMUSE survey data from poultry farmers in Senegal to explore the effects of vaccination, attitudes towards AMR, and biosecurity practices on: AMU, animal mortality, and farm productivity. We found that farmers with more “AMR-aware” attitudes may be less likely to use antibiotics in healthy birds. Stronger on-farm biosecurity was associated with less use of antibiotics in healthy birds, and in some specifications was linked to higher broiler productivity. Vaccination and AMU were both higher in farms with a higher disease prevalence, and both factors appeared conducive to higher broiler productivity. Overall, there is evidence that awareness raising and biosecurity improvements could encourage prudent use of antibiotics, and that biosecurity and vaccination could to some extent replace antibiotic use as productivity-enhancing and disease management tools in broiler farms. Finally, issues of farm antimicrobial stewardship must be considered at the structural level, with farm behaviours contingent on interaction with state and private stakeholders.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell-Derived Exosomal miR-21-5p Induces Macrophage M2 Polarization by Targeting RhoB

M2-like polarized tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major component of infiltrating immune cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which have been proved to exhibit significant immunosuppressive and pro-tumoral effects. However, the underlying mechanism of the tumor microenvironment (TME) educating TAMs to express M2-like phenotypes is still not fully understood. Here, we report that HCC-derived exosomes are involved in intercellular communications and exhibit a greater capacity to mediate TAMs’ phenotypic differentiation. In our study, HCC cell-derived exosomes were collected and used to treat THP-1 cells in vitro. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that the exosomes significantly promoted THP-1 macrophages to differentiate into M2-like macrophages, which have a high production of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin (IL)-10. The analysis of bioinformatics indicated that exosomal miR-21-5p is closely related to TAM differentiation and is associated with unfavorable prognosis in HCC. Overexpressing miR-21-5p in human monocyte-derived leukemia (THP-1) cells induced down-regulation of IL-1β levels; however, it enhanced production of IL-10 and promoted the malignant growth of HCC cells in vitro. A reporter assay confirmed that miR-21-5p directly targeted Ras homolog family member B (RhoB) 3′-untranslatedregion (UTR) in THP-1 cells. Downregulated RhoB levels in THP-1 cells would weaken mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) axis signaling pathways. Taken together, tumor-derived miR-21-5p promote the malignant advance of HCC, which mediated intercellular crosstalk between tumor cells and macrophages. Targeting M2-like TAMs and intercepting their associated signaling pathways would provide potentially specific and novel therapeutic approaches for HCC treatment.
Impact of Air-Drying Temperature on Antioxidant Properties and ACE-Inhibiting Activity of Fungal Fermented Lentil Flour

Solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Pleurotus ostreatus enhances the nutritional value of legumes. However, drying can cause significant changes in physical and nutritional properties of the final products. Thus, this work studies the impact of air-drying temperature (50, 60, and 70 °C) on relevant properties (antioxidant properties, ACE-inhibitory capacity, phytic acid, colour, and particle size) of two fermented lentils flour (Pardina and Castellana) using freeze-drying as a reference method. Castellana variety is a better substrate for Pleurotus, generating four times more biomass. In addition, an almost total reduction of phytic acid from 7.3 to 0.9 mg/g db is achieved in this variety. Air-drying significantly decreased the particle size and the final colour with ΔE > 20; nonetheless, the temperature does not play a crucial role. SSF decreased the total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity regardless of the variety, however, drying at 70 °C increased total phenolic content (186%) in fermented Castellana flour. Comparing drying methods, freeze-drying implied a higher decrease in those parameters, reducing the TPC from 2.4 to 1.6 and from 7.7 to 3.4 mg gallic acid/g db in Pardina and Castellana dried flours. Finally, the flours inhibit the angiotensin I-converting-enzyme, and fermentation and drying increased their potential cardiovascular benefits.
X-ray pulsar models. I. Angle-dependent cyclotron line formation and comptonization

A multiangle, incoherent scattering formalism that yields pulse phase spectroscopic information is used to calculate spectra and cyclotron line shapes of static X-ray pulsar atmospheres with slab and column geometry. Comparisons with observations of integrated spectra and of phase-dependent cyclotron line properties indicates a better fit for the slab models. The illumination of inner or outer boundaries by external photon sources is allowed for, and the examples considered are an arbitrary input at the inner boundary. 42 references.