Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional attenuation structure of intrinsic absorption and wide-angle scattering of S waves in northeastern Japan

SUMMARY Intrinsic absorption and random velocity inhomogeneities are important medium properties for studies on wave propagation at high frequency (>1 Hz) in the lithosphere. Recent studies have shown that the spatial distribution of random velocity inhomogeneities can be estimated by an inversion analysis of peak delay times, where the peak delay time is the time lag between direct wave onset and its maximal amplitude arrival. This study estimates the 3-D structure of the S-wave attenuation quality factor Q−1, after we corrected the maximal amplitude attenuation due to multiple forward scattering on the basis of the Markov approximation for parabolic wave equation. Even though this estimate of Q−1 includes both intrinsic absorption and wide-angle scattering, the contribution of wide-angle scattering can be identified by taking into account random inhomogeneities estimated in the peak delay time analysis. The estimated Q−1 structure in northeastern Japan shows weak attenuation (Q−1(f) ∼ 10−2.5f−0.5) on the forearc side of the volcanic front, and strong attenuation (Q−1(f) ∼ 10−2.3f−0.3) beneath the Quaternary volcanoes and near the collision zone between the Honshu and Kuril arcs. According to the Born approximation, the estimated Q−1 at 0–40 km depth consists mainly of the intrinsic absorption if the characteristic scale of random inhomogeneities is 5 km or longer. Beneath the Quaternary volcanoes of northeastern Japan, Q−1(f) shows weak frequency dependence and the power spectral density functions of random velocity inhomogeneities are characterized by a weak spectral gradient that means rich in small-scale inhomogeneities. These results demonstrate the importance of the frequency dependence of wave propagation in the lithosphere. That is, the scale dependence of velocity fluctuation or small-scale inhomogeneities is an important property of the lithosphere underlying Quaternary volcanoes.
Zonal wind vacillation and its interaction with the ocean: Implications for interannual variability and predictability

The influence of air-sea interaction on the vacillation of the southern midlatitude zonal mean zonal winds is explored by comparing a 1000-year simulation of a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model with 500-year simulations of the atmospheric model with either a simple mixed layer ocean or specified sea surface temperatures (SSTs). In the interactive models the zonally averaged SST responds, in a dipole pattern, to the surface heat fluxes perturbed by the vacillation, with ocean dynamics modifying the pattern, particularly around 60°S, The feedback of the ocean on the atmosphere is most prominent in the lower tropospheric temperatures, but it is also significant on the interannual and longer timescales in the tropospheric zonal winds. Interdecadal variability of the 500-hPa wind index is increased 50% by the ocean. However, the structure of the wind anomaly differs only a little as the timescale increases. A simple stochastic model of the system is able to reproduce the index statistics over timescales from months to decades. Strong relationships exist between the winds, SSTs, and precipitation anomalies in both annual and 4-year means. However, the predictability of temperatures and rainfall, using either wind or SST indices, is limited by the small persistence of the wind anomalies and the weak influence of the SSTs. Relationships between time-filtered indices and the following annual means are substantial, comparable to results recently found for the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave. However, these are not realizable as predictions, prompting caution with regard to predictability based on Southern Ocean temperatures.
Breaking of Progressive Internal Gravity Waves: Convective Instability and Shear Instability*

Abstract The breaking of a monochromatic two-dimensional internal gravity wave is studied using a newly developed spectral/pseudospectral model. The model features vertical nonperiodic boundary conditions that ensure a realistic simulation of wave breaking during the wave propagation. Isopycnal overturning is induced at a local wave steepness of sc = 0.75–0.79, which is below the conventional threshold of s = 1. Isopycnal overturning is a sufficient condition for subsequent wave breaking by convective instability. When s = sc, little primary wave energy is being transferred to high-mode harmonics. Beyond s = 1, high-mode harmonics grow rapidly. Primary wave energy is more efficiently transferred by waves of lower frequency. A local gradient Richardson number is defined as Ri = −(g/ρ0)(dρ/dz)/ζ2 to isolate convective instability (Ri ≤ 0) and wave-induced shear instability (0 < Ri < 0.25), where dρ/dz is the local vertical density gradient and ζ is the horizontal vorticity. Consistent with linear wave theor.
Rituximab exposure is influenced by baseline metabolic tumor volume and predicts outcome of DLBCL patients: a Lymphoma Study

word count: 249/250 words Text word count: 3461/4000 words Number of tables and figures: 6 Reference count: 41 For personal use only. on March 3, 2017. by guest www.bloodjournal. org From Ac ce pte d m an us cri pt
Middle Jurassic radiolarian assemblages from Zlatar Mt. (SW Serbia)

Detailed micropalaeontological research of Jurassic siliceous rocks was performed at the locality Komarani on the eastern flanks of the area of Mt. Zlatar in SW Serbia. According to the determined radiolarian associations, the investigated radiolarites are of Late Bajocian to Early Callovian age.
Source area and seasonal 87Sr/86Sr variations in rivers of the Amazon basin

We report the results of a detailed study of dissolved Sr isotopes in the Solimões and Beni‐Madeira Rivers of the Amazon basin. This study developed data collected over 8 years indicating large spatial and temporal variations in dissolved Sr isotopes among the rivers of the Amazon basin. The large 87Sr/86Sr variations were found to be correlated with the geology of the source areas of the suspended sediments.
Effect of Early Metoprolol on Infarct Size in ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention The Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction (METOCARD-CNIC) Trial

myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, early intravenous metoprolol before reperfusion reduced infarct size and increased left ventricular ejection fraction with no excess of adverse events during the first 24 hours after STEMI. advanced atrioven- tricular block, cardiogenic shock, and reinfarction during the first 24 hours after STEMI. MRI and angiography were evaluated at independent core labora-tories; end-point events were adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee. All were blinded to treatment group. junction rhythm. AMI indicates acute myocardial infarction; and MRI, magnetic resonance imaging. prean-gioplasty Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction grade 0 to 1 flow. Here, we show that an inexpensive medication already approved in the context of STEMI can significantly reduce infarct size just by administering it intravenously before reperfusion in patients with no contraindications. Given the important role of final infarct size as a main determinant of long-term mortality in STEMI survivors, the possibility of applying inexpensive strategies available to a wide proportion of STEMI patients is of clinical value. ,
A methodology for understanding and intercomparing atmospheric climate feedback processes in general circulation models

Based upon the need to understand differences between general circulation model projections of climatic change due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, the present study first categorizes reasons for these differences and presents suggestions for the design of future climate model simulations, so that these specific categories may directly be addressed and understood. Following this, and based upon tutorial use of a radiative-convective model, it is suggested that sea surface temperature perturbations may be used, in conjunction with separation of clear and overcast regions within a model, as a surrogate climatic change for the purpose of understanding and intercomparing atmospheric climate feedback processes. This approach is illustrated through use of the Oregon State University/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory general circulation model, with particular attention being paid to interpreting cloud/climate interactions within the model.
Assessment of carbonaceous aerosols in Shanghai, China - Part 1: long-term evolution, seasonal variations, and meteorological effects

Abstract. Carbonaceous aerosols are major chemical components of fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) with major impacts on air quality, climate change, and human health. Gateway to fast-rising China and home of over twenty million people, Shanghai throbs as the nation's largest mega city and the biggest industrial hub. From July 2010 to December 2014, hourly mass concentrations of ambient organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in the PM2. 5 fraction were quasi-continuously measured in Shanghai's urban center. The annual OC and EC concentrations (mean ±1σ) in 2013 (8.9 ± 6.2 and 2.6 ± 2.1 µg m−3, n = 5547) and 2014 (7.8 ± 4.6 and 2.1 ± 1.6 µg m−3, n = 6914) were higher than those of 2011 (6.3 ± 4.2 and 2.4 ± 1.8 µg m−3, n = 8039) and 2012 (5.7 ± 3.8 and 2.0 ± 1.6 µg m−3, n = 4459). We integrated the results from historical field measurements (1999–2012) and satellite observations (2003–2013), concluding that carbonaceous aerosol pollution in Shanghai has gradually reduced since 2006. In terms of monthly variations, average OC and EC concentrations ranged from 4.0 to 15.5 and from 1.4 to 4.7 µg m−3, accounting for 13.2–24.6 and 3.9–6.6 % of the seasonal PM2. 5 mass (38.8–94.1 µg m−3), respectively. The concentrations of EC (2.4, 2.0, 2.2, and 3.0 µg m−3 in spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively) showed little seasonal variation (except in winter) and weekend–weekday dependence, indicating EC is a relatively stable constituent of PM2. 5 in the Shanghai urban atmosphere. In contrast to OC (7.3, 6.8, 6.7, and 8.1 µg m−3 in spring, summer, fall, and winter, respectively), EC showed marked diurnal cycles and correlated strongly with CO across all seasons, confirming vehicular emissions as the dominant source of EC at the targeted site. Our data also reveal that both OC and EC showed concentration gradients as a function of wind direction (WD) and wind speed (WS), generally with higher values associated with winds from the southwest, west, and northwest. This was consistent with their higher potential as source areas, as determined by the potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis. A common high-potential source area, located along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River instead of northern China, was pinpointed during all seasons. These results demonstrate that the measured carbonaceous aerosols were driven by the interplay of local emissions and regional transport.
Variability of the Caribbean low‐level jet during boreal winter: large‐scale forcings

An index capturing the anomalies of the zonal wind at 925 hPa from 1950 to 2010 was defined to explore the relationship between the fluctuations of the Caribbean low‐level jet (CLLJ) and the main climate variability modes affecting the Intra‐Americas Sea Region. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, here defined using the Niño 3.4 index, are found to be the most important variability modes for the jet anomalies, in agreement with previous studies. However, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the Pacific/North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern also show significant correlations with the CLLJ anomaly index during February. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) reveal a possible interaction with the jet anomalies that could be connected with the cold fronts and cold air surges arriving to the Caribbean basin from the Northern Hemisphere during winter. A composite technique is used to explain the correlations with the Pacific indexes. We found that ENSO events are connected to CLLJ anomalies by modulating the sea‐level pressure (SLP) near the east coast of the United States and the Aleutian Low. The pattern displayed by the SLP anomalies (SLPa) is also associated with the PNA. During warm (cold) ENSO phases, negative (positive) anomalies in the SLP field over the east coast of North America produce cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulations at low levels. However, the ENSO signal in the SLPa and the PNA pattern are modulated by the phases of the PDO. Results indicate that when the ENSO and PDO are in phase (out of phase), the SLPa signal is enhanced (weakened or cancelled), affecting the CLLJ anomalies in both direction and intensity, also changing the spatial distribution of precipitation.
The metamorphic history of rocks buried, accreted and exhumed in an accretionary prism: an example from the Otago Schist, New Zealand

Although subgreenschist facies metamorphic rocks are widespread in the upper crust, mineralogical processes affecting these rocks are poorly understood. Subgreenschist mineralogical transitions have been invoked as critical controls on the mechanical behaviour of rocks within the crustal seismogenic zone, calling for further study of very low‐grade metamorphic assemblages. In this study a multi‐technique thermobarometric study of the Chrystalls Beach Complex mélange, which is located within the Otago Schist accretion‐collision assemblage of the South Island of New Zealand, is presented. The Chrystalls Beach Complex comprises highly sheared trench‐fill sedimentary rocks and scattered pillow basalts, and is inferred to have formed during Jurassic subduction under the paleo‐Pacific Gondwana margin. Equilibrium mineral assemblages indicate peak P–T conditions in the range 400–550 MPa and 250–300 °C, which is supported by chlorite thermometry. Relatively high pressures of burial and accretion during foliation development are inferred from phengite content and b0 spacing analyses of white mica. Rare lawsonite occurs in a post‐foliation vein, and illite ‘crystallinity’ measurements indicate a thermal overprint during exhumation. These P–T estimates and their relative chronology indicate that the mineral assemblages developed along a clockwise P–T path. Based on variability in P–T estimates from different techniques, mineral assemblages developed during burial are largely overprinted during exhumation at similar or higher‐T than experienced along the prograde path. Observed subduction‐related subgreenschist assemblages are therefore likely to indicate lower‐P than experienced during subduction, as higher‐P mineral compositions re‐equilibrate during exhumation. The P–T path inferred in this study is similar in shape to P–T paths for higher grade parts of the Otago Schist, and other exhumed accretionary prisms around the world, and is therefore probably common for rocks buried, accreted and exhumed in accretionary prisms.
Second addendum to the synoptic review of red algal genera

Abstract A second addendum to Schneider and Wynne’s (Schneider, C.W. and M.J. Wynne. 2007. A synoptic review of the classification of red algal genera a half a century after Kylin’s “Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen”. Bot. Mar. 50: 197–249.) “Synoptic review” of red algal genera and their classification is presented, with an updating of names of new taxa at the generic level and higher. In the past few years, the hierarchy of some genera has changed due to new subfamilies, which are cited and referenced below. There have also been the descriptions of some higher taxa in the past few years.
Where is the impact?

To the Editor: As an advocate for patient safety and for the introduction of appropriate monitoring technology into perioperative practice, I read the recent article by Taenzer et al. with anticipation. Unfortunately, the conclusions reached by the authors do not appear to be supported by the evidence provided in the article. Specifically, the authors conclude “our results demonstrate that continuous patient surveillance can improve outcomes in a postoperative orthopedic ward setting. ” There was no meaningful difference in death, intensive care unit transfer, or hospital stay; the only reported difference was in the number of “rescue” events. The rescue events consisted of several levels of intervention ranging from conventional code blue teams to a bedside visit of an intensive care nurse and a respiratory care technician within 10 min of call. Surely, the “rescues” at the latter end of the range cannot be considered significant clinical or resource utilization outcomes as described within. Although the authors note that the types of rescues activated were collected, the actual distribution by type of event before and after surveillance was not provided in the article. This article does break with tradition in a positive way in that it studies the impact of SpO2 surveillance in a clinical area where, by routine practice, patients are only assessed intermittently and where hypoxic events are not rare. In the past, the value of pulse oximetry was assessed in areas where intensive monitoring was already the rule. One cannot help but be a bit confounded by the results of this study because important data are absent. At its heart, the authors claim that surveillance reduces interventions, but how is this possible? A priori, more monitoring should detect more true hypoxia, which in turn should lead to more interventions (at an earlier stage, perhaps), not fewer, in order to improve true clinical outcomes. Are there important patient care interventions that are excluded from reporting in this article, such as direct nursing care and calls to and action by responsible physicians, among others? No mention is made of what process a floor nurse was to follow, protocol-driven or ad hoc, once notified by the central paging system. Did the frequency of nurse intervention in adjusting a patient’s posture or supplemental oxygen delivery, among other actions, change with surveillance? Finally, one is left curious about the impact of more intense respiratory monitoring on postoperative management and patient satisfaction because these are not addressed in the article. We look forward to further research using this model once adequately powered to discern clinically relevant outcomes. Ira J. Rampil, M.S., M.D.,* Linda S. Rampil, M.S., M.S.W. , R.N. *Health Science Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York. ira.rampil@sunysb.edu
Registry of Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation in High-Risk Patients

Martine Gilard,* Hélène Eltchaninoff,† Bernard Iung,‡ Patrick Donzeau-Gouge,§ Karine Chevreul,|| Jean Fajadet,¶ Pascal Leprince,# Alain Leguerrier,** Michel Lievre,†† Alain Prat,‡‡ Emmanuel Teiger,|| Thierry Lefevre,§ Dominique Himbert,‡ Didier Tchetche,¶ Didier Carrié,§§ Bernard Albat,|||| Alain Cribier,† Gilles Rioufol,## Arnaud Sudre,‡‡ Didier Blanchard,*** Frederic Collet,††† Pierre Dos Santos,‡‡‡ Nicolas Meneveau,§§§ Ashok Tirouvanziam,|||||| Christophe Caussin,¶¶¶ Philippe Guyon,### Jacques Boschat,* Herve Le Breton,** Frederic Collart,**** Remi Houel,†††† Stephane Delpine,‡‡‡‡ Geraud Souteyrand,§§§§ Xavier Favereau,|||||||| Patrick Ohlmann,¶¶¶¶ Vincent Doisy,#### Gilles Grollier,***** Antoine Gommeaux,††††† Jean-Philippe Claudel,‡‡‡‡‡ Francois Bourlon,§§§§§ Bernard Bertrand,|||||||||| Eric Van Belle,‡‡ Marc Laskar,¶¶¶¶¶ and for the France 2 (French Aortic National Corevalve and Edwards) Investigators
Temperature and humidity biases in global climate models and their impact on climate feedbacks

A comparison of AIRS and reanalysis temperature and humidity profiles to those simulated from climate models reveals large biases. The model simulated temperatures are systematically colder by 1–4 K throughout the troposphere. On average, current models also simulate a large moist bias in the free troposphere (more than 100%) but a dry bias in the boundary layer (up to 25%). While the overall pattern of biases is fairly common from model to model, the magnitude of these biases is not. In particular, the free tropospheric cold and moist bias varies significantly from one model to the next. In contrast, the response of water vapor and tropospheric temperature to a surface warming is shown to be remarkably consistent across models and uncorrelated to the bias in the mean state. We further show that these biases, while significant, have little direct impact on the models' simulation of water vapor and lapse‐rate feedbacks.
Developing channel and floodplain dimensions with limited data: a case study in the Amazon Basin

This research builds on the concept of hydraulic geometry and presents a methodology for estimating bankfull discharge and the hydraulic geometry coefficients and exponents for a station using limited data; only stage‐discharge and Landsat imagery. The approach is implemented using 82 streamflow gauging locations in the Amazon Basin. Using the estimated values for the hydraulic geometry relations, bankfull discharge, discharge data above bankfull and upstream drainage area at each site, relationships for estimating channel and floodplain characteristics as a function of drainage area are developed. Specifically, this research provides relationships for estimating bankfull discharge, bankfull depth, bankfull width, and floodplain width as a function of upstream drainage area in the Amazon Basin intended for providing reasonable cross‐section estimates for large scale hydraulic routing models. The derived relationships are also combined with a high resolution drainage network to develop relationships for estimating cumulative upstream channel lengths and surface areas as a function of the specified minimum channel width ranging from 2 m to 1 km (i.e. threshold drainage areas ranging from 1 to 431,000 km2). At the finest resolution (i.e. all channels greater than 2 m or a threshold area of 1 km2), the Amazon Basin contains approximately 4.4 million kilometers of channels with a combined surface area of 59,700 km2. The intended use of these relationships is for partitioning total floodable area (channels versus lakes and floodplain lakes) obtained from remote sensing for biogeochemical applications (e.g. quantifying CO2 evasion in the Amazon Basin). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.