Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lernaeid Copepod Parasitic on the Freshwater Fishes of Godavari River, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India with Description of a New Species, Lernaea notopteri n.sp. from Notopterus notopterus

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author APV designed the study, collected the host samples from sampling sites, carried out dissections, collected the parasites and managed the literature searches. Authors MG and VC helped in processing the parasites and preparing the first and final draft of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final ABSTRACT Lernaeid copepods are one of the most detrimental and ubiquitous ectoparasites of cultured and wild variety freshwater fishes. River Godavari offers a dynamic habitat to a wide variety of fishes which are in turn infected by endo and ectoparasites. In a copepod parasitic survey on various species of freshwater fishes of River Godavari, Rajahmundry from 2007-2009, a total of 5 freshwater fishes were parasitized by copepods of the genus Lernaea . Four different adult species of Lernaea were found clinging to the skin of Channa punctatus , Catla catla , Barbus sp. , Macrognathus aculeatus and Notopterus notopterus i.e., Lernaea bengalensis Gnanamuthu, [17], Lernaea cyprinacea Linnaeus, 1758, Lernaea cyprinacea mastacembeli Hu, [13] and a new species, Lernaea notopteri n.sp. The new lerneaid copepod, Lernaea notopteri was reported from Notopterus notopterus showed variations in cephalic arms, antenna, maxillipede and Leg-V from the other closely related species and hence was designated as new species.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WOOD ESSENTIAL OIL OF Aniba cinnamomiflora C. K. Allen FROM VENEZUELAN ANDES

Aniba cinnamomiflora C. K. Allen is a tree species of Lauraceae family that produces essential oil. Study on the hydrodistillation product of wood pieces from branches of Aniba cinnamomiflora is presented. The 0.05% of essential oil was obtained. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography and Mass spectrometry. Fifteen compounds were identified (98.55%) of the total retrieved. The major component (54.00%) corresponds to the lipid γ-palmitolactone, followed by 1-epi-cubenol (9.56%), δ-cadinene (6.05%), t-cadinol (5.00%) and chamazulene (3.53%). This is the first study on the wood essential oil of Aniba cinnamomiflora.
L'integrazione delle razioni per le bovine da latte con biotina in forma rumino-protetta. Effetti sull'efficienza produttiva e riproduttiva (contributo sperimentale)

During a period of 150 d (from 2nd to 6th month of location), Italian Friesian dairy cows were fed rations integrated with rumen protected (microincapsulation with fatty acid film) or not protected choline (2 g, 6 g, 10 g of active vitamin/head/day). Protected choline at the three doses and not protected choline at the dose of 10 g have improved the health status of the herd (reduction hy 60% of the incidence of most frequent diseases), fecundity (resp. 1.7; 1.43; 1.5; 1.95 services per conception vs 2.35; 2.21; 2.43; 2.43 of the controls), milk yield (resp. 6.75%, 8.8%, 10%, 5%), milk fat (resp. 4%, 4.3%, 6%, 3.1%) and total protein content (resp. 4.7%, 5.6%, 7.5%, 3.5%). No effect was shown on milk-cheesing characters. At the same doses of protected and not protected choline, some blood parameters were affected, with a rise of glucose, methionine, threonine, isoleucine and a drop of acetate, NEFA, GOT, γ-GT, phenylalanine and glycine. The use of not protected choline at the doses of 2 g and 6 g was ineffective. The Authors conclude that it is possible to meet the choline requirements of highly producing dairy cows during the first phase of lactation by the use of rumen protected choline (2 g of active vitamin). The dose is by 80% lesser than those retained in practice as optimal for not protected vitamin.
Recent advances in pigment analysis as applied to picophytoplankton

Le progres des techniques chromatographiques (HPLC) et la caracterisation moleculaire (LC-MS, NMR) appliques aux etudes sur les pigments plastidiaux ont revolutionne notre connaissance de la diversite pigmentaire du picophytoplancton. Des methodes HPLC ameliorees, specialement resolutives pour l'analyse de pigments tres similaires, ont permis la separation de mono (MV) et divinyl (DV) chlorophylles a, b et c, en plus de differents carotenoides. L'application des analyses pigmentaires a l'etude du picophytoplancton procaryote et eucaryote a mis en evidence de nouveaux aspects sur leur diversite, leur abondance et leur distribution dans les ecosystemes aquatiques. Les etudes sur les pigments plastidiaux a des echelles taxinomiques multiples, du regne jusqu'a l'ecotype, jettent une nouvelle lumiere sur la taxinomie, la phylogenie et l'ecophysiologie du picoplancton. Les types de chloroplastes, ici decrits selon leurs pigments, sont discutes dans le contexte chimiotaxinomique, de l'endosymbiose secondaire et de l'evolution des plastes.
NEUE KÖCHERFLIEGEN (TRICHOPTERA) VON DEN AND AMANEN-INSELN

new species from South Andaman which belong to the genera Chimarra (Philopotamidae), Padu- niella (Psychomyidae), Ecnomus (Ecnomidae), Polyplectropus (Polycentropodidae), Cheumatopsyche (Hydropsychidae), Goerodes (Lepidostomatidae), Adicella, Setodes, Leptocerus and Oecetis (Lepto- ceridae) are described. Herr Univ.Prof. Dr. F.Starmuhlner war so freundlich, mir die auf seiner Forschungs- reise 1976 auf den Andamanen-Inseln im Indischen Ozean gesammelten Trichopteren zu uberlassen, wofur ich ihm auch hier herzlich danke. Da mit Ausnahme von einer Dipseudopsis-Art alle gesammelten Arten noch unbekannt waren (was nicht verwundert, da von den Andamanen uberhaupt noch keine Trichopteren bekannt waren), gebe ich hier die notwendigen Beschreibungen. Das ganze Material befindet sich in meiner Sammlung. Die Imagines stammen ausschlieslich von zwei Lichtfangen auf Sud-Andaman am 20. und 22. Dezember. Von anderen Stellen liegen zahlreiche Larven vor, die aber meist nicht bestimmten Arten zugeordnet werden konnen. Die Gesamtbearbeitung des Materials er- folgt an anderer Stelle.
Characteristic of Lamb Sausages Fermented by Indonesian Meat-Derived Probiotic, Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-2C12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus IIA-2B4

Probiotic is a group of microorganism, mainly from lactic acid bacteria (LAB), widely used to increase functionality of various foodstuffs, including lamb which was limited by its goaty odor and short life issue. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristic of lamb sausages fermented by either Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-2C12 or L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 isolated from local cattle in Indonesia, and stored for 21 days at low temperature (4oC). Fermented lamb sausages were made with the addition of L. plantarum IIA-2C12 and L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 with three replications. The result showed that pH value, protein, and cholesterol contents of the sausages with addition of L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 were higher (P<0.05) than that of L. plantarum IIA-2C12. Meanwhile, the sausage fermented with L. plantarum IIA-2C12 had higher titratable acid (TA) value, texture, and the content of fat, carbohydrate, tyrosine, lysine, myristoleic (C14:1), pentadecanoic (C15:0), heneicosanoic (C21:0) and cis-11-eicosatrienoic (C20:1) as compared to that of L. acidophilus 2C12-2B4. Final population of LAB in the sausage fermented by L. plantarum IIA-2C12 was also higher than that of L. acidophilus IIA-2B4, yet both can be categorized as a probiotic. The differences between characteristics of the physicochemical traits and microbiological quality of the sausage fermentation associated with the addition of L. plantarum IIA-2C12 or L. acidophilus IIA-2B4. The 21 days of storage at cold temperatures with probiotics addition could extend shelf life and maintain quality of fermented sausage.
The effect of moderate levels of finely ground insoluble fibre on small intestine morphology, nutrient digestibility and performance of broiler chickens

Abstract This experiment was carried out to assess the following hypothesis: feeding broiler to fine insoluble fibre in the diet will result in improved gut morphology and enhanced performance. In this experiment, 200 broiler chickens in 20 pen cages with wood shaving-lined floors were exposed to five treatment groups with four pens/treatment: control diet, diets contained 0.75 or 1.5% barley hulls or diets contained 0.75 or 1.5% rice hulls in a completely randomised design with five treatment, four replicate and 20 chicks each. Type of fibre influenced the performance and digestive traits of broilers with effects varying in accordance with the level of fibre. Rice hulls inclusion consistently improved growth performance and crude protein (CP) digestibility in broilers regardless of dietary inclusion level (p < 0.05). However, barley hulls at 1.5% level improved crypt depth: villous height (VH) ratio and feed conversion ratio had an opposite effect on VH (p < 0.05). The beneficial effects of hulls were more obvious with the 1.5% dietary inclusion level than the 0.75% level. The useful effects of rice hulls inclusion on broiler efficiency was mainly because of its effect on CP digestibility while barley hulls at 1.5% level positively changed jejunum morphology. The data suggest that broilers may have a nominal requirement for insoluble fibre, however, the source and dietary inclusion rate of fibre might be important factors to satisfy dietary fibre requirements in birds.
A New Southern Caribbean Species of Angel Shark (Chondrichthyes, Squaliformes, Squatinidae), Including Phylogeny and Tempo of Diversification of American Species

A new species of Squatina, S. david, is described from the Colombian Caribbean. The new species differs from all the western North Atlantic angel sharks by lacking a mid-dorsal line of thorns or enlarged dermal denticles, by having an eye-spiracle distance larger than 1.5 times eye diameter, and each nasal flap with two rod-like barbels. Coloration is grayish to brownish yellow, males are dark-spotted, females have abundant whitish spots. Squatina david is nested within the American clade of angel sharks, being the sister species to the Brazilian species.
Level of endogenous free amino acids during various stages of culture of Vigna mungo (L.) hepper: Somatic embryogenesis, organogenesis and plant regeneration

A comparative study on endogenous free amino acid levels was conducted in embryogenic and regenerating tissues vis-a-vis regenerated shoots of Vigna mungo PS1. A number of important amino acids were found to increase during initiation of embryogenesis and regeneration. To study the effects of exogenous application of amino acids in this system, media were supplemented with three amino acids, tryptophan (Trp), serine (Ser) and proline (Pro). We found that in the presence of proline, a stress-associated amino acid, there was an enhancement in shoot-bud regeneration as well as in the production of somatic embryos. We also analysed the endogenous levels of amino acids in these tissues. This communication thus deals with the induction of globular embryo by auxin and its promotion by proline in V. mungo.
Stakeholder Opinions on Invasive Species and Their Management in the San Marcos River

DDITIONAL S UMMARY . The San Marcos River in Texas supports a wide diversity of aquatic organisms and provides critical habitat for eight endangered species. It is also a highly invaded ecosystem, with 48 documented introduced species. Several of these are invasive and known to negatively impact native species. Increasing pressure to control or eradicate invasive species exists to mitigate their impacts. Management programs can be controversial and, in some cases, have been delayed or stopped because of public opposition. People who have a vested interest in an invaded ecosystem, stakeholders, may be the most likely to express opposition or offer support for invasive species control. Understanding opinions can help guide educational outreach to gain public support for management programs. To assess stakeholder’s opinions of invasive species (deﬁned as species that cause harm to the environment or human health), a survey instrument was distributed, and 335 completed surveys were analyzed. The majority of survey participants believed nonnative, invasive species should be controlled to conserve the environment (84.4%), where they damage native Texas species (75.9%), and in particular when they threaten rare Texas native species (89%). Proposed management methods inﬂuenced levels of support for invasive species control. Signiﬁcant differences among demographic groups were found in membership in environmental organizations, knowledge of invasive species in the river, and sources of information on invasive species.
The effect of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes on the nutritive value of rapeseed meal for growing and finishing pigs

Two 2×2 factorial experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of the addition of two non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) degrading enzymes to diets based on rapeseed meal (RSM) offered to grower-finisher pigs. In experiment 1, the effects of enzyme supplementation on total tract nutrient digestibility coefficients were determined when pigs were offered the following diets: (1) 220 g RSM per kg of ration, (2) 220 g RSM per kg of ration plus 250 g/t of biofeed wheat enzyme, (3) 220 g RSM per kg of ration plus 200 g/t of energex enzyme and (4) 220 g RSM per kg of ration plus 250 g/t of biofeed and 200 g/t of energex. In experiment 2, performance was measured in individually fed pigs (12 / diet) offered these diets ad libitum. The inclusion of biofeed increased (P 0.05) on pig performance or carcass characteristics. In conclusion, a combination of biofeed wheat and energex improved the nutrient digestibility and digestible energy concentration of diets containing rapeseed meal.
Studies on Maltotriose- and Maltose-forming Amylases from Streptomyces

Two amylases produced by Streptomyces were purified, and some properties were studied. The one, named NA-468 amylase, was produced by a strain of Streptomyces griseus and formed about 55% of maltotriose from starch. NA-468 amylase was purified to almost 100-fold of the culture broth, and showed its maximal activity at 45°C and pH 5.6-6.0. Amylose was hydrolyzed to almost 100%, but waxy starch Q-limit dextrin was not acted. It was found that NA-468 amylase cleaved the third glucosidic bond from the end of the maltooligosaccharide. The other one, named NA-273 amylase, was produced by a strain of Streptomyces praecox, and formed more than 80% of maltose from starch. NA-273 amylase was purified to about 170-fold, and showed its maximal activity at 47°C and pH 6.0. Acting on amylose, soluble starch and waxy starch β-limit dextrin, the amylase produced a large amount of α-maltose. The amylase also hydrolyzed maltotriose to form maltose without the formation of glucose. The action mechanism of it was considered that glucose formed by hydrolysis was transferred to the non-reducing end of other maltotriose, and that maltotetraose formed was again hydrolyzed to maltose.
Anticancer Properties of Fruits and Vegetables

Routine or habitual consumption of fruits and vegetables has been strongly associated with reduced risk for many of the common cancers (Steinmetz and Potter, 1991). The strongest evidence pertains to reduced risk for cancers of the mouth and pharynx, esophagus, lung, stomach, and colon. A moderately strong case can also be made for cancers of the breast, pancreas, and bladder. For other cancers, data are not sufficient to draw a conclusion on the effects of fruits and vegetables (American Institute for Cancer Research, 1997). Available scientific evidence suggests that some components of fruits and vegetables inhibit cancer; therefore, experiments have been conducted to pinpoint which foods provide the most benefit. With the increased ability to isolate and structurally identify phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables, cancer researchers have tested everything from fresh or freeze-dried fruits and vegetables to highly purified agents for cancer prevention. Both cell culture and in vivo studies in animal cancer models have solidly seconded data from human population studies. This paper will review some of the epidemiologic evidence for protection against the development of cancer in populations that consume fruits and vegetables. Also, the four basic mechanisms by which elements in foods can reduce the risk for cancer will be explored using data from animal carcinogenesis models. THE EVIDENCE FOR FRUITS AND VEGETABLES AS CANCER PREVENTIVES IN HUMANS Few studies in humans have evaluated the effect of consuming fruits and vegetables on cancer risk, and most of the available data come from case-control studies where eating patterns in people with cancer were compared with those of control subjects without cancer. One of the problems in assessing the effects of fruit and vegetable intake is the wide variety of these foods available. In a recent report of the expert panel assembled by the American Institute for Cancer Research (1997), a protective role for fruit and vegetable intake was ascribed for four tumor sites: oral-pharynx/esophagus, lung, stomach, and colon. The report inferred that available data are also strong supporting reduced risk for pancreas, breast, and bladder cancer in consumers of fruits and vegetables, and concluded that no increase in cancer risk has been reported for habitual consumers of fruits and vegetables at any tumor site. This is taken in context of concerns that minor contaminants such as fertilizers and pesticides may potentially pose a risk. The available evidence supports claims that fresh fruits and vegetables, when properly harvested, processed, and stored, help reduce risk for certain forms of cancer. MECHANISMS BY WHICH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
Production of high-content galacto-oligosaccharides mixture using β-galactosidase and Kluyveromyces marxianus entrapped in polyvinylalcohol gel

The production of a high-content galacto-oligosaccharides mixture (GOS) by immobilised β-galactosidase and yeasts in LentiKats® lens-shaped polyvinylalcohol (PVA) capsules was evaluated. Galacto-oligosaccharides were produced from lactose (300 g L−1) by immobilised fungal β-galactosidase and the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus in polyvinylalcohol hydrogel in batch mode. The low-content GOS mixture produced by the immobilised enzyme consisted of 71.7 g L−1 with a final purity of 22.7 % after 30 h of transgalactosylation reaction at 30·C and pH 4.5. The lowcontent GOS mixtures were subsequently used in 20 repeated batch runs with immobilised yeasts for increasing the GOS content. Digestible sugars were fermented to ethanol and the resulting mixture consisted of 88 mass % of GOS after 26 h of fermentation. The PVA lenses exhibited high fermentative stability without any mechanical deformations.
Effect of tomatine on Termitomyces fungus in termitaria of subterranean termites Odontotermes wallonensis Wasmann.

Tomatine is a glycoalkaloid found in the stems and leaves of tomato plants, which has fungicidal properties. This laboratory studies were carried out to find out the efficacy of tomatine on the Termitomyces fungus found in the termitaria of O. wallonensis, it was applied through Difco media for fungal growth. The overall period of observations (15 days) revealed that tomatine 1000 ppm effectively reduced the mean diameter growth of fungus (1.41 cm) followed by tomatine 900 ppm (1.52 cm). The fungal growth of fungus in the standard check carbendazim 500 ppm was 1.32 cm whereas it was 8.17 cm in untreated check. The highest suppression of fungus was noticed in carbendazim 500 ppm (84.59 %) which was on par with tomatine 1000 ppm (83.44 %). Tomatine 900 ppm was also suppressed the fungus effectively at 82.08 per cent. The least mean per cent suppression (68.37 %) was noticed in the lower concentration of tomatine 600 ppm. The per cent suppression of fungal growth was decreased from 5 th day to 15 th day of observation. This study was supported by many earlier contributions. Finally the result was concluded that tomatine could be used as a termiticide to control fungus growing termites. How to view point the article : Nisha, R. and Rajavel, D.S. (2016). Effect of tomatine on Termitomyces fungus in termitaria of subterranean termites Odontotermes wallonensis Wasmann. Internat. J. Plant Protec. , 9(1) : 26-29.
Syntrichia norvegica shoots exhibit a complex inducible response to desiccation: separating the effects of rate of drying and water content

Plants in the moss genus Syntrichia are considered to have constitutive desiccation tolerance (DT), as in, able to tolerate a rapid drying event without incurring significant damage upon rehydration. However, few researchers have considered the separate effects of rate of drying and water content, and incorporated fully dehardened (to DT) plants in the experiments. Plants of Syntrichia norvegica F.Weber were cultured under conditions of suprasaturation, and adult shoots were exposed to a range of drying rates and equilibrating relative humidities (RHs), rehydrated, and assessed for chlorophyll fluorescence and regeneration potential. Adult shoots exhibited severe damage across all drying rates when equilibrated at RHs <30%. However, an inducible response to desiccation was present across all water contents as the rate of drying was extended from 0 to 4 d. The least desiccation damage occurred at longer drying times and higher water contents (8 d at 75% RH). A constitutive phenotype for DT was not strictly.
In vitro pollen viability of maize cultivars at different times of collection

In the present study, we aimed to assess the in vitro viability of pollen grains from maize cultivars collected at different times and days in the field. Four cultivars (Sol da Manha, XB 6012, XB 8010, and BRS 2020) were evaluated from the second to fifth day of anthesis in three times. Pollen samples were evaluated for their in vitro viability through standard germination test in liquid and solid media and tetrazolium staining. The experimental design was completely randomized, in 4x4x3 split-split plots with four replicates. Data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by a means clustering test and linear regression analysis. The average percentage of viable pollen varied according to the day, collection time, and cultivar. In general, XB 8010 and BRS 2020 had the highest frequency of viable pollen. The highest percentages of viable pollen were observed on the second day of anthesis at 10:00h.
Ingress of transformation stage gray snapper, Lutjanus griseus (Pisces: Lutjanidae) through Beaufort inlet, North Carolina

Ingressing transformation stage gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) were sampled near Beaufort Inlet in 1993 and 1998. Gray snapper ingressed from July-October with a peak in September. Ingress occurred primarily during the new moon and secondarily during the full moon. Ingressing gray snapper were 11.3-15.8 mm standard length (SL), with a mean of 13.4 mm SL, and 21-34 d old, with a mean of 27 d. Estimated hatch dates ranged from June-September, with a peak in August. Hatching occurred throughout the lunar cycle with a peak during the new moon. Beaufort Inlet is 100s km north of known gray snapper spawning grounds; the mechanisms that result in yearly ingress in a predictable pattern have not been defined. Similarly, it is unknown whether juveniles that are resident in North Carolina estuaries successfully recruit to adult populations further south.