Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Family names, city size distributions and residential differentiation in Great Britain, 1881–1901

Cities have specialised in particular urban functions throughout history, with consequential implications for urban and regional patterns of economic and social change. This specialisation takes place within overall national city size distributions and is manifest in different but often similarly variegated residential structures. Here we develop a novel and consistent methodological approach for measuring macro-scale city size and micro-scale residential differentiation using individual digital census records for the period 1881–1901. The use of family names and neighbourhood classification of dominant economic and social roles makes it possible to relate the changing city size distribution in Great Britain to patterns of urban growth and residential differentiation within urban areas. Together, we provide an integrated and consistent methodology that links the classification of all major urban area growth in Great Britain to attendant intra-urban geodemographic changes in urban residential structures. We suggest ways in which this manifests social and economic change across the settlement system for both new and long-established residents.
Analyses chimiques ponctuelles d'argiles. Relations entre variations de composition dans une population de particules et température de formation / Chemical analysis on Individual clay particles. Relations between composition variations in a population of particles and temperature of formation

Les analyses chimiques ponctuelles effectuees sur monoparticules d'argiles mettent en evidence de grandes variations de composition au sein d'une espece consideree comme pure. Ces variations sont generalement continues entre les valeurs extremes observees et incitent a raisonner comme si les mineraux argileux 2:1 etaient des phases a composition variable de type solution solide. La comparaison des correlations entre cations, calculees dans le modele de solution solide presente par Fritz (1981) et Tardy et Fritz (1981), avec les correlations observees dans les populations de particules ici etudiees verifie la validite du raisonnement en solution solide. On obtient, de plus, des indications sur la temperature de formation des argiles.
Effects of a training course on creation of an empowering motivational climate in physical education: a quasi-experimental study

ABSTRACT Background Physical education (PE) teachers report needing additional support in terms of classroom climate and students’ motivation (Verret et al. [2017]. Enquête provinciale sur les pratiques inclusives en enseignement de l’éducation physique et à la santé: Rapport provincial primaire et secondaire. Montréal, Québec: Université du Québec à Montréal. https://inclusion-eps.uqam.ca/diffusion/). Professional development represents an opportunity to exchange on their practices with colleagues, become familiar with the latest research on effective motivational strategies, develop new skills and support transfer into practice. Objective This study aims to determine if participation in a 2-day training course (spread over 3 days) on how to create an empowering motivational climate impacted students’ motivational variables (self-determined motivation, basic needs satisfaction, perception of motivational climate and PE effort as well as their intention to be physically active) and observed motivational climate. Research design Quasi-experimental study Method A total of 11 PE teachers (experimental group-EG = 6, control group-CG = 5) and their students (elementary = 107, secondary = 100) were recruited. Students completed questionnaires twice: once before the course and once after it was over. Teachers were filmed during two lessons: once before the start of training and once between the second and the last day of training, during a motivational strategy experiment planned by PE teachers on the second day of training. To analyze the data, we used non-parametric tests: the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test for related samples. Two experts coded the videos (intrarater reliability = 90.6%; interrater reliability = 93.8%). Findings Results indicate that the teachers’ training had no significant positive effect on students’ motivation. In fact, it was surprising to observe a significant decline in students’ perception of an empowering motivational climate and effort in the experimental group. However, scores were already quite high at the start of the year, remained high in the middle of the year and were similar for the two groups. Between both measurement points, the control group's amotivation increased and autonomy satisfaction decreased. This was not the case for students in the experimental group, suggesting that the training course might be effective in avoiding the detriment of students’ motivation. PE teachers in the experimental group were more empowering during the integration phase of the lesson. Gaps and the overall rating of the lesson (motivational climate) were both more empowering in the experimental group, but did not reach statistical significance (p = .066), which is promising for future interventions.
Hydraulic conductivity behavior of soilcrete specimens created from dredging sand, cement, and bentonite

Dredging sand is an inexpensive material utilized to rise elevations of highway embankments and earth levee bodies in the Southern Vietnam. However, high permeability of the dredging sand can cause failures due to seepage flows during annual flood seasons. The dredging sand mixing cement with or without bentonite is expected to be suitable low permeability as an impermeable material. However, hydraulic conductivity of soilcrete and bentonite specimens created from dredging sand taken in the Mekong delta has limit research data. This study aims at better understanding the hydraulic conductivity of dredging sand samples taken in Dong Thap province mixed with cement and bentonite. The effects of the hydraulic conductivity of soilcrete and bentonite soilcrete specimens on time, cement contents, bentonite contents, cement types, and hydraulic gradients were investigated. The tests followed the ASTM D5084 standard using the both falling head-constant tailwater and falling head-rising tailwater methods. The results indicate that: (1) the hydraulic conductivity of the soilcrete and bentonite specimens decreased with increasing in testing duration and cement contents; (2) the hydraulic conductivity of the soilcrete specimens was lower 104 to 105 times than that of the compacted sand; (3) the hydraulic conductivity of the bentonite soilcrete specimens was lower 10 times than those of the soilcrete specimens; (5) the PCS cement can induce long-term reduction of soilcrete hydraulic; (6) effect of hydraulic gradients on soilcrete hydraulic conductivity was ignorable; (6) the soilcrete hydraulic conductivity varies from 10− 9 to 10− 10 m/s.
Remote Estimation of Sea Surface Nitrate in the California Current System From Satellite Ocean Color Measurements

Sea surface nitrate (SSN) is an important parameter to characterize physical and biogeochemical processes, particularly to quantify oceanic new primary production, yet its remote estimation from satellite has been difficult due to the complex relationships between environmental variables and SSN. In the central and southern sections of the California Current System (CSCCS), this challenge is attempted through modeling, validation, and extensive tests in different oceanic scenarios. Specifically, using extensive SSN datasets collected by many cruises spanning 40 years (1978–2018) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) estimated sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (Chl), a stacking random forest (SRF) model of SSN has been developed and validated with a spatial resolution of ~4 km. The model showed an overall performance of root mean square difference (RMSD) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$=0.83\,\,\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>mol/kg, with coefficient of determination (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R^{2}) =0.87$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, mean bias <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$= -0.11\,\,\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>mol/kg, and mean ratio = 1.15 for SSN ranging between 0.05 and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$19.90~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>mol/kg (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N =1034$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Furthermore, tests of the model with its original parameterization for the upwelling period, oceanic period, and winter period all showed satisfactory performance with an overall RMSD of 1.95 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>mol/kg. The sensitivity of the SRF model to uncertainties of MODIS SST and Chl was examined, with induced uncertainties of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\le 2.22~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>mol/kg. The extensive evaluation and sensitivity tests indicated the robustness of the SRF model in estimating SSN in the study area of the CSCCS, and it could serve as a robust approach for other regions once sufficient <italic>in situ</italic> SSN data are available for model calibration.
Blood pressure, lipid profile and glycemic control among type-2 diabetic patients in North Kerala

Background: Glycemic control, lipid control and other modifiable risk factor, is very important to prevent complications of type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to analyze glycemic control, lipid profile, BP and find the correlation of these parameters in the diabetic population of North Kerala.Methods: This was a cross sectional study among the type 2 diabetic patients with 40-60 years of age, and those without any cardiac, renal, liver, and thyroid dysfunction. Fasting blood sugar, BP, HbA1c and lipid profile were assessed by VITROS 5600 integrated system. The study population was grouped in to two based on their glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7% and HbA1c <7%). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software. The comparison of variables age, BP, FBS, HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, TG, and TG/HDL was tested using independent student t test. The correlations between the variables were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant.Results: There was a significant positive correlation between DBP and poor glycemic control group (t=2.35, p=0.0102). Fasting blood sugar (p≤0.00001), total cholesterol (p=0.0031), triglycerides (p≤0.00001), LDL (p=0.0051), HDL (p=0.0010) and TG/HDL (p≤0.00001) also were significantly higher in this group. Age or gender showed no correlation with HbA1c and BP.Conclusions: This study shows highly significant positive correlation between TG/HDL and poor glycemic control. It appears the degree of hypertension is not correlated with HbA1c, but significantly correlated with lipid profile especially among those with poor glycemic control.
Insider Trading with Memory under Random Deadline

In this paper, we study a model of continuous-time insider trading in which noise traders have some memories and the trading stops at a random deadline. By a filtering theory on fractional Brownian motion and the stochastic maximum principle, we obtain a necessary condition of the insider’s optimal strategy, an equation satisfied. It shows that when the volatility of noise traders is constant and the noise traders’ memories become weaker and weaker, the optimal trading intensity and the corresponding residual information tend to those, respectively, when noise traders have no any memory. And, numerical simulation illustrates that if both the trading intensity of the insider and the volatility of noise trades are independent of trading time, the insider’s expected profit is always lower than that when the asset value is disclosed at a finite fixed time; this is because the trading time ahead is a random deadline which yields the loss of the insider’s information.
Novel Approach to Introduce Alkyl Chains into PEDOT:PSS and Its Effect on the Performance as a Flexible Electrode

We here report a synthetic route to introduce alky chains into poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) by the reaction with epoxyalkanes. The reaction was analyzed by FT-IR, TGA, and XPS studies, and the conductivities of derivatives were discussed as a function of the length of alkyl chains. PEDOT:PSS-C6, which is the product from a reaction with epoxyhexane, was well dispersed in methanol and transparent films from this dispersion were successfully prepared. PEDOT:PSS-C6 film showed an increase in hydrophobicity, resulting in enhanced water resistance compared to pristine PEDOT:PSS film, and a morphological study of the film exhibited clear phase separation similar to PEDOT:PSS doped by DMSO. We also observed an improvement in the conductivity and flexibility of PEDOT:PSS-C6 film compared to those of pristine PEDOT:PSS film. This study proposes a promising method to introduce alky chains into PEDOT:PSS and to develop a flexible electrode applicable to an environment where contact with water is unavoidable.
Enhancing of milk beverages

The effect of adding mango, guava pulp, total milk protein powder, skim milk powder, storage period and fat ratio on Chemical composition was investigated. Results revealed that the addition of mango and guava pulp to skim milk increased the acidity, total solids (T.S), reducing sugars (R.S), non reducing sugars (N.R.S) and viscosity of the final product. However it had a negligible effect on the total protein (T.P) and non protein nitrogen (N.P.N) of the final product. The increase in fat ratio caused an increase in total solids, total protein, non protein nitrogen, pH and viscosity. However decreased the acidity and it had no effect on reducing sugars (R.S) and non reducing sugars (N.R.S). The fortification of mango and guava - flavoured cow's skim milk beverages with total milk protein powder (retentate) and skim milk powder increased T.S, T.P, N.P.N, acidity and viscosity. On the other hand that fortification decreased the reducing sugars (R.S) and pH. Pasteurized beverages had a marked increase on R.S, N.P.N, acidity and viscosity, and a decrease in N.R.S and pH after storage on refrigerator condition up to 2 weeks. However, the changes in T.S and T.P during storage were slight.
For the sake of resilience and multifunctionality, let's diversify planted forests!

As of 2020, the world has an estimated 290 million ha of planted forests and this number is continuously increasing. Of these, 131 million ha are monospecific planted forests under intensive management. Although monospecific planted forests are important in providing timber, they harbor less biodiversity and are potentially more susceptible to disturbances than natural or diverse planted forests. Here, we point out the increasing scientific evidence for increased resilience and ecosystem service provision of functionally and species diverse planted forests (hereafter referred to as diverse planted forests) compared to monospecific ones. Furthermore, we propose five concrete steps to foster the adoption of diverse planted forests: (1) improve awareness of benefits and practical options of diverse planted forests among land‐owners, managers, and investors; (2) incentivize tree species diversity in public funding of afforestation and programs to diversify current maladapted planted forests of low diversity; (3) develop new wood‐based products that can be derived from many different tree species not yet in use; (4) invest in research to assess landscape benefits of diverse planted forests for functional connectivity and resilience to global‐change threats; and (5) improve the evidence base on diverse planted forests, in particular in currently under‐represented regions, where new options could be tested.
Improving Visual Working Memory With Training on a Tactile Orientation Sequence Task in Humans

Working memory refers to the cognitive capacity to temporarily store and manipulate information from multiple sensory domains. Recent studies have shown that cognitive training can improve performance in both visual working memory and tactile working memory tasks. However, it is still unclear whether the effects of training can be transferred from one sensory modality to another. The current study assessed whether the training effect of the tactile orientation sequence task could transfer to visual orientation sequence and visuospatial working memory tasks. The results showed that participants’ accuracy in the tactile orientation sequence task was significantly increased after 9 days of training compared with that before training. Remarkably, participants’ accuracy in both the visual orientation sequence task and the visuospatial task was significantly improved after 9 days of training. These results suggest that it is possible to improve visual working memory through a transfer effect from tactile task training without practice in the visual domain, which opens a wide range of applications for tactile orientation sequence tasks.
Copper-Catalyzed Intermolecular Cyclization between Oximes and Alkenes: A Facile Access to Spiropyrrolines

A Cu-catalyzed protocol has been developed for the rapid construction of a wide spectrum of structurally interesting spiropyrroline skeletons. This method utilizes readily accessible ketoximes and alkenes as the starting materials and exhibits broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility. Furthermore, the reaction can be applied for the late-stage modification of bioactive pregnenolone derivatives. The mechanistic investigation suggests that the reactions proceed through a radical process.
Exploring the impact of ICT usage among indigenous people and their quality of life: operationalizing Sen’s capability approach

ABSTRACT Numerous indigenous communities suffer from digital divide issues affecting their social, cultural, and economic well-being. As various technologies contribute both to creating opportunities and responding to social and cultural changes, it is imperative to explore the wider impacts of information and communication technologies (ICT) on improving living standards, individual knowledge, and awareness development in these groups of people. We conducted this study in Bangladesh and investigated the connection between ICT usage and Sen’s (1999) freedom factors with the objective of measuring quality of life. After an initial qualitative pilot study, a structured questionnaire was administered (n = 250). Data were analyzed using structural equation modelling. Results suggest that a strong relationship between ICT usage and Sen’s freedom factors exists in the development of indigenous people’s quality of life. Political freedom has a substantial effect on economic freedom for development. Moreover, economic freedom creates social opportunities as well as transparency.
Growing Stock Volume Retrieval from Single and Multi-Frequency Radar Backscatter

While products generated at global levels provide easy access to information on forest growing stock volume (GSV), their use at regional to national levels is limited by temporal frequency, spatial resolution, or unknown local errors that may be overcome through locally calibrated products. This study assessed the need, and utility, of developing locally calibrated GSV products for the Romanian forests. To this end, we used national forest inventory (NFI) permanent sampling plots with largely concurrent SAR datasets acquired at C- and L-bands to train and validate a machine learning algorithm. Different configurations of independent variables were evaluated to assess potential synergies between C- and L-band. The results show that GSV estimation errors at C- and L-band were rather similar, relative root mean squared errors (RelRMSE) around 55% for forests averaging over 450 m3 ha−1, while synergies between the two wavelengths were limited. Locally calibrated models improved GSV estimation by 14% when compared to values obtained from global datasets. However, even the locally calibrated models showed particularly large errors over low GSV intervals. Aggregating the results over larger areas considerably reduced (down to 25%) the relative estimation errors.
Does CSR disclosure influence financial performance of firms? Evidence from an emerging economy

Purpose This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) and financial performance (FP) in Indian firms. Design/methodology/approach Data for CSRD is collected by conducting content analysis of CSRD in annual reports of the sampled firms. A multidimensional measure of CSRD is constructed based on the stakeholder theory, consisting of six stakeholder groups – employees, customers, investors, community, environment and others. The aggregate CSRD measure is created by combining disclosure of the six CSR dimensions. Multiple regression analysis is used to examine the CSRD–FP linkage, controlling for the confounding effects of size, risk, age, industry, ownership and period. Findings The results of this study indicate that the aggregate CSRD measures, both for quality and quantity, have a positive association with the accounting measures of firms’ FP. However, the market measure of FP is observed to have a statistically insignificant association with aggregate quality and quantity of CSRD of Indian firms. Practical implications The results reveal that adopting transparent and extensive CSRD is relevant for the profitability of firms, and that government interventions are required to promote CSR programs, with a specific focus on the CSR dimensions that provide no apparent financial gains. Social implications This study recommends the adoption and reporting of CSR practices by Indian firms for their stakeholders. Originality/value This study contributes to the scarce literature on the CSRD–FP linkage in the context of emerging economies by using a more inclusive data set, creating a reliable measure of CSRD applicable to a large universe of firms and including relevant control variables that affect the CSRD–FP relationship.
Biocrusts and its disturbance controls on soil infiltrability in a semi‐arid ecosystem

The biocrust occurrence and its disturbance alters infiltration in the Mu Us Desert. Knowledge of the hydrological properties of biocrusts and parameterization of soil hydraulic properties are crucial to improve simulation of infiltration and soil water dynamics in vegetation–soil–water models. Infiltration experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of biocrusts and its disturbance on soil infiltrability in the Mu Us Desert, northwest of China. A combined Wooding inverse approach was used for the estimation of soil hydraulic parameters. The results showed that both lichen‐ and moss‐covered biocrusts had a negative influence on infiltration in comparison with the bare soil. Biocrust disturbance alters infiltration, but its effect differs depending on the biocrust and disturbance types. For high‐pressure heads, water retention on the moss‐covered soils was higher than on the lichen‐covered soils. Moreover, trampling caused a higher water retention at high‐pressure heads. However, opposite was observed at low‐pressure heads. In addition, moss‐covered soils had lower hydraulic conductivity than the lichen‐covered soils. Additionally, for each biocrust‐covered soil, both trampling and scraping resulted in a higher hydraulic conductivity when compared with the undisturbed soils. The occurrence of biocrusts and its disturbance influenced van Genuchten parameters and subsequently affected the water retention curve and thus altered water condition in the biocrust layer. The findings about the parameterization of soil hydraulic properties are crucial for the simulation of eco‐hydrological processes in arid and semi‐arid ecosystems.