Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tectonic Implications of the Composition of Volcanic Arc Magmas

Volcanic arc magmas can be defined tectonically as magmas erupting from volcanic edifices above subducting oceanic lithosphere. They form a coherent magma type, characterized compositionally by their enrichment in large ion lithophile (LlL) elements relative to high field strength (HFS) elements. In terms of process, the predominant view is that the vast majority of volcanic arc magmas originate by melting of the underlying mantle wedge, which contains a component of aqueous fluid and/or melt derived from the subducting plate. Recently, opinions have converged over the key aspects of the physical model for magma generation above subduction zones (Davies & Stevenson 1992), namely: 1. that the mantle wedge experiences subduction-induced corner flow (e.g. Spiegelman & MacKenzie 1987); 2. that the subduction component reaches the fusible part of the mantle wedge by the three-stage process of (i) metasomatism of mantle lithosphere, followed by (ii) aqueous fluid release due to breakdown of hydrous minerals at depth (e.g. Wyllie 1983, Tatsumi et al 1983) and (iii) aqueous fluid migration, followed by hydrous melt migration, to the site of melting; 3. that slab-induced flow may be locally reversed beneath the arc itself, allowing mantle decompression to contribute to melt generation (e.g. Ida 1983). The simplified model in Figure 1 highlights the physical and chemical processes that have been invoked as being important in controlling the composition of volcanic arc magmas. Magma compositions (coupled with experimental data on element behavior) can help us gain further understanding of these physical and chemical processes. In this review, we first summarize knowledge of the behavior of elements in the subduction system. We then focus on compositional evidence for the processes illustrated in Figure 1, which we group as follows: 1. derivation of the subduction component, 2. transport of the subduction component to the melting column, 3. depletion and enrichment of the mantle wedge, and 4. processes in the melting column.
Drought and aluminium as stress factors in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.)Karst) seedlings

AbStr Act : Effects of drought, Al and their possible interaction on physiological characteristics were studied in four-years-old Norway spruce seedlings in a pot experiment. Drought stress was imposed by withholding irrigation. Al was applied to the soil as an AlCl 3 solution at a concentration of 1,500 μmol·l -1 . Water deficit caused a decrease in needle water potential, net photosynthetic rate (P n ) and an increase in proline accumulation. On the other hand, water potential, P n and proline concentration in seedlings subjected to Al remained unchanged. During the experiment, no significant variation was registered in the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters. Chlorophyll content was signifi - cantly reduced in the Al presence. Drought led to a lower Al accumulation in needles in comparison with well-watered seedlings. Progressive dehydration influenced the physiological state of spruce seedlings. The presence of Al in soil did not cause any negative changes in the physiological parameters under an optimal water regime. By contrast, the synergic effect of drought and Al induced the most marked changes in measured characteristics, which may indicate a possible enhanced impact of drought and Al interaction in comparison with the single effect of these stress factors.
An Efﬁcient Hardware Implementation of Smith-Waterman Algorithm Based on the Incremental Approach

—The paper presents optimized hardware structure applied to genome alignment search. The proposed methodology is based on dynamic programming. The authors show how starting from the original Smith-Waterman approach, the algorithm can be optimized and the evaluation process simpliﬁed and speeded-up. The main idea is based on the observations of growth trends in the adjacent cells of the systolic array, which leads to the incremental approach. Moreover various coding styles are discussed and the best technique allowing further reduction of resources is selected. The entire processing unit utilizes fully pipelined structure that is well balanced trade-off between performance and resource requirements. The proposed technique is implemented in modern FPGA structures and obtained results proved efﬁciency of the methodology comparing to other approaches in the ﬁeld.
Global dominance of coralline red-algal facies: A response to Miocene oceanographic events

Rhodoliths (free-living coralline red algae) can thrive under a wide range of temperatures, reduced light, and increased nutrient levels, and often form a distinct so-called rhodalgal lithofacies that is an important component of Cenozoic shallow-water carbonates. Global distributions illustrate that from the late-early to early-late Miocene (Burdigalian-early Tortonian), rhodalgal facies reached peak abundances and commonly replaced coral-reef environments, accompanied by a decline in other carbonate-producing phototrophs. We argue that the dominance of red algae over coral reefs was triggered in the Burdigalian by enhanced trophic resources associated with a global increase in productivity, as evidenced by a long-term shift toward higher carbon isotope values. Rhodalgal lithofacies expanded further in the middle Miocene when strengthened thermal gradients associated with the establishment of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet led to enhanced upwelling while climate change generated increased weathering rates, introducing land-derived nutrients into the oceans. Globally cooler temperatures following a climatic optimum in the early-middle Miocene contributed to sustain the dominance of red algae and prevented the recovery of coral reefs. The global shift in nearshore shallow-water carbonate producers to groups tolerant of higher levels of trophic resources provides further evidence for increased nutrient levels during that time interval and shows the sensitivity of shallow-water carbonate facies as indicators of past oceanographic conditions.
Association Between Metabolic Risk Factors and Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia Based on Sex

Objective Sex differences have been observed in many aspects of schizophrenia, including cognitive deficits. Despite extensive research into the relationship between metabolic factors and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, few studies have explored the potential sex difference in their association. Methods We recruited 358 schizophrenia patients and 231 healthy controls. The participants underwent measurements of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose. Metabolic risk factors included abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. A collection of these metabolic risk factors has been defined as metabolic syndrome. These diagnoses were based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III. Cognitive performance was measured using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). A descriptive analysis, difference analysis, and linear regression model were used to identify the metabolic risk factors for cognitive function in schizophrenia. Results Our findings revealed sex differences in the rate of abdominal obesity and hypertension in schizophrenic patients. Additionally, we observed sex differences in the association between metabolic risk factors and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Specifically, hyperglycemia was associated with the immediate memory index score of RBANS in male patients, while dyslipidemia was associated with language, attention, delayed memory index scores, and RBANS total score in female patients. Conclusion Our results suggest that sex should be considered when evaluating the impact of metabolic disorders on the cognitive function of schizophrenic patients. Moreover, our study identifies hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia as potential targets for precise treatment by sex stratification, which could benefit the improvement of cognitive impairment in schizophrenic patients.
The effect of primary and secondary sludge mix ratios on VFA production in thermophilic aerobic digestion using pilot scale ATAD units

Research was undertaken to determine if a mixture primary and secondary sludge could provide increased volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, as compared with primary sludge alone, in a thermophilic aerobic digestion process. In addition, pre-solubilization of the secondary sludge, with NaOH, was investigated for its effect on VFA production. Previous research has demonstrated that VFA production can be enhanced during the thermophilic digestion of primary sludge with reduction in both aeration and retention time. Secondary sludge was predicted to further enhance production by providing the required substrate for process micro-organisms 'pre-packages' in the correct ratios. Pre-solubilization of the secondary sludge was intended to make this substrate readily available to process micro-organisms, eliminating a potentially rate-limiting step. Pre-solubilization of feed sludge has been shown to enhance anaerobic digestion. Experiments were carried out at UBC's Wastewater Treatment Pilot Plant. Primary and secondary (Bio-P) sludges were generated on-site, by a modified UCT process, and metered to feeding tanks daily for use in the autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) reactors. Configured in parallel, the two, 125 L reactors were each operated as first stage reactors, in semi-continuous mode, with an average retention time of 3 days. Based on TS, primary/secondary mix sludge ratios of 100/0, 65/35, 35/65, and 0/100 were tested in parallel with primary sludge in the control reactor. The 35/65 and 0/100 streams were additionally pre-solubilized, with 15 meq/L of NaOH, and tested in parallel with non-solubilized mix ratios of 35/65 and 0/100, respectively, in the control reactor. Through all experimental runs: feed consistency was maintained around 1% TS; reactor temperatures stayed between 42°C to 50°C, ie. within the thermophilic range; and a "micro-aerobic" environment was sustained with a constant supply of air into the reactor contents (< 1 mg/L DO, and consistent ORP values between -200 mV and -450 mV).
A Review on Machine Learning-Based Customer Churn Prediction in the Telecom Industry

In today's business landscape, companies are facing significant difficulties in achieving positive client interactions and maintaining customers' satisfaction. As a result, businesses are striving to focus on every aspect related to customers and their behaviors to compete in the industry. This has become increasingly important for building customers' loyalties, given the many opportunities available to customize services or products for each customer. To prevent customers from becoming dissatisfied and leaving, businesses are deploying various techniques to efficiently predict customers' behaviors and identify those who may churn or stop using the company's services or products. The rise of machine learning applications has significantly contributed to addressing the challenge of predicting customers' churn rates. Researchers worldwide are now moving towards applying machine learning techniques in this area. This paper aims to present a review of various studies conducted from 2019 to 2022 that utilized machine-learning techniques to predict customers' churn in the telecom industry. The paper summarizes the different machine learning algorithms that are used for customers' churn prediction, with a particular focus on the telecom industry, as well as their accuracy, to provide insights into the effectiveness of these techniques in addressing customers' churn in the telecom industry.
Climate and land cover effects on the temperature of Puget Sound streams

We apply an integrated hydrology‐stream temperature modeling system, DHSVM‐RBM, to examine the response of the temperature of the major streams draining to Puget Sound to land cover and climate change. We first show that the model construct is able to reconstruct observed historic streamflow and stream temperature variations at a range of time scales. We then explore the relative effect of projected future climate and land cover change, including riparian vegetation, on streamflow and stream temperature. Streamflow in summer is likely to decrease as the climate warms especially in snowmelt‐dominated and transient river basins despite increased streamflow in their lower reaches associated with urbanization. Changes in streamflow also result from changes in land cover, and changes in stream shading result from changes in riparian vegetation, both of which influence stream temperature. However, we find that the effect of riparian vegetation changes on stream temperature is much greater than land cover change over the entire basin especially during summer low flow periods. Furthermore, while future projected precipitation change will have relatively modest effects on stream temperature, projected future air temperature increases will result in substantial increases in stream temperature especially in summer. These summer stream temperature increases will be associated both with increasing air temperature, and projected decreases in low flows. We find that restoration of riparian vegetation could mitigate much of the projected summer stream temperature increases. We also explore the contribution of riverine thermal loadings to the heat balance of Puget Sound, and find that the riverine contribution is greatest in winter, when streams account for up to 1/8 of total thermal inputs (averaged from December through February), with larger effects in some sub‐basins. We project that the riverine impact on thermal inputs to Puget Sound will become greater with both urbanization and climate change in winter but become smaller in summer due to climate change. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The efficiency of biogas digestate on grassland compared to mineral fertilizer and cattle slurry.

Biogas production from organic wastes is gaining popularity, especially in agriculture, which produces high quantities of organic wastes suitable for anaerobic digestion. Digestate is the valuable by-product of the biogas production that is considered as a valuable fertilizer. The objectives of the experiment conducted from 2012 to 2013 at the Estonian University of Life Sciences were to compare the impact of biogas digestate, undigested (raw) cattle slurry, and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on grass yield and to assess the fertilizer value of digestate produced from different feedstock. Fertilizers were applied to the grassland rich in low grasses by broadcasting in quantities according to the nitrogen rate of 180 kg ha-1 in three split applications. The application rate of organic fertilizers was calculated based on NH4-N content. Grassland yield was determined on four treatments: (i) control (no fertilizer was applied), (ii) mineral N-fertilizer (NH4NO3), (iii) cattle slurry and (iv) cattle slurry digestate. Grass yield was measured three times during the growing period. Our research showed that digestate when applied based on its NH4-N content is effective fertilizer in grassland. It could be used as a substitute for mineral-N fertilizer, but its efficiency is slightly lower when compared to cattle slurry, due to its lower application amount resulting in lower nutrient and organic matter amount applied to the grassland. Co-digestion of cattle slurry with solid manure, hay and silage does not decrease digestate fertilizer value in grassland, because the addition of other substrate increases digestate DM content.
Model-Based Assessment of the Incident Angle Modifier on the Annual Angular Losses and Gain of PV Modules in Tracking Systems

In a competitive photovoltaic (PV) solar energy market, precise and accurate modeling of the energy produced by a PV power plant is required to obtain the best technical and economic project. In particular, slight differences in the predicted energy produced are relevant due to the project size. Typically, the energy calculation includes the direct and diffuse components of the solar radiation at normal incidence. The incident angle's influence is considered using the incident angle modifier (IAM). This study model the experimental values of the IAM available in the literature using the physical, ASHRAE, SANDIA, and Martin–Ruiz models. Also, a new mathematical model based on only one parameter to describe the IAM is presented. The IAM is used to determine the annual angular losses (AAL) and energy gain using different solar tracking strategies compared with the horizontal plane for locations at different latitudes and climate zones. The results showed that the IAM is sensitive to radiation under indoor and outdoor conditions, quantified by the parameters employed to fit the experimental data. Also, results revealed that the gain in PV systems using solar tracker systems is improved if the AAL is considered.
Individual consistency in the localised foraging behaviour of shy albatross (Thalassarche cauta)

Abstract Quantifying the intra‐ and interindividual variation that exists within a population can provide meaningful insights into a population's vulnerability and response to rapid environmental change. We characterise the foraging behaviour of 308 trips taken by 96 shy albatross (Thalassarche cauta) from Albatross Island across seven consecutive years. At a population level, incubating shy albatross exploited a consistent area within ca. 500 km radius of their breeding colony. During half of the trips, individuals utilised the closest shelf break to the west of the colony, where upwelling events have been reported. The other half of the trips were exclusively within the neritic zone, utilising a variety of locations within the Bass Strait. Furthermore, we found evidence of individual consistency to geographic locations, with subsequent trips by an individual more similar than random trips from all individuals in our data, both within and between years (G‐test, p < .05). Between‐individual variation in foraging behaviour was not meaningfully explained by age (linear regression, p > .05) or sex (t‐test, p > .05) for any metric, suggesting that other intrinsic individual factors are accounting for between‐individual variation in foraging trips. A localised foraging distribution is unusual for albatross, which, combined with high variation in space use between individuals demonstrated here, suggests that this species is accessing adequate resources near the colony. Overall, these findings suggest that incubating shy albatross from Albatross Island exhibit tendencies of a generalist population comprised of uniquely specialised individuals. These results suggest that this species is operating below its biological capacity in this fast‐warming area and provide a baseline from which to assess future change.
The Immunohistochemical Localization of α2‐Macroglobulin in Rat Testes Is Consistent with Its Role in Germ Cell Movement and Spermiation

ABSTRACT: α2‐Macroglobulin (α2‐MG) is a nonspecific protease inhibitor and binding protein for peptide hormones that was recently isolated from Sertoli cell‐enriched culture medium and shown to be the same protein as α2‐MG in serum. The present study was conducted to determine the localization of α2‐MG in the seminiferous epithelium in order to gain insight into its possible site(s) of action. Immunostainable α2‐MG was present in the lumen of the tubules consistent with its proposed role as a protease inhibitor needed to inactivate the protease released from defective spermatozoa in the male reproductive tract. Immunoreactive α2‐MG was also localized adjacent to the heads of elongated spermatids, the most mobile cells in the seminiferous epithelium; immunostainable α2‐MG was not observed adjacent to round spermatids and spermatocytes, which are relatively less mobile. The intensity of the staining around the elongated spermatids was dependent on the stage of the spermatogenic cycle. Stainable α2‐MG was present adjacent to the spermatids in stage XI soon after the elongation process began. Immunoreactive product was in stages XI‐XIV but only faintly visible. The most intense staining reaction for α2‐MG was in stages XI‐XIV; it was reduced in stage VII; and virtually no α2‐MG was detectable in stages VIII‐ X at and just after spermiation. The postnatal changes of α2‐MG in the testis was also examined. During the first 2 weeks after birth, α2‐MG was not detected in the seminiferous epithelium. Positive α2‐MG staining was detected in Sertoli cells by 21 days of age, which progressively increased. By day 42, α2‐MG was mainly in the perinuclear region of the Sertoli cells and in the longer cytoplasmic processes extending to the heads of the elongate spermatids. Conclusions: (1) The localization of α2‐MG adjacent to etongated spermatids suggests that this molecule is secreted to limit the action of proteases that are required for migration of these germ cells in the epithelium; and (2) the marked reduction of α2‐MG just prior to spermiation allows for maximal activity of proteases that facilitate this process.
Seismic Hazard Maps for Cuba and Surrounding Areas

A seismic hazard assessment for Cuba and the surrounding areas has been performed in response to a possible revision of the national building code. The hazard assessment has been done according to the standard methodology adopted by the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program and by introducing some computational techniques used for the seismic hazard map of Italy. Problems of earthquake catalog treatment, attenuation of peak ground acceleration and macroseismic intensity, as well as seismic source definition have been rigorously analyzed. Thirty-six seismogenic zones have been identified and characterized from a seismicity point of view. The present study offers a picture of the seismic hazard on Cuban territory based on historical seismicity and the benefits drawn from the most recent international investigations on the subject, such as the logic-tree approach used to represent the inevitable uncertainties encountered through the choice of attenuation relation. The final results are maps of the expected shaking with a 475-year return period in terms of peak ground acceleration and macroseismic intensity, which point out the high hazard along the southern coast of Cuba, where the expected ground motion, without the aleatoric uncertainty in the attenuation relations, is between 0.20 g and 0.30 g . The rest of the island is characterized by values representing less severe shaking.
Joint two‐dimensional cross‐gradient imaging of magnetotelluric and seismic traveltime data for structural and lithological classification

SUMMARY Collocated magnetotelluric (MT) and seismic profiling is emerging as a necessary combined approach for deep and near-surface imaging but the resulting experimental data are typically interpreted separately since no production programs exist for multidimensional joint inversion of MT and seismic data. We present a joint 2-D inversion approach for imaging collocated MT and seismic refraction data with cross-gradient structural constraints. We describe the main features of the algorithm and first apply it to synthetic data generated for a hypothetical complex geological model. For the synthetic data, we find that the scheme leads to models with remarkable structural resemblance and improved estimates of electrical resistivity and seismic velocity. We apply the scheme to near-surface field data to test the consistency of a previously suggested resistivity–velocity interrelationship and its potential use for subsurface lithofacies discrimination or structural classification. The MT-seismic relationship is found to be in excellent accord with that derived previously for DC resistivity and seismic data set at the test site. Our results suggest that joint MT-seismic cross-gradient imaging leads to improved characterization of heterogeneous geological targets at near-surface to mantle depths.