Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect Size Estimation From t-Statistics in the Presence of Publication Bias: A Brief Review of Existing Approaches With Some Extensions

Publication bias hampers the estimation of true effect sizes. Specifically, effect sizes are systematically overestimated when studies report only significant results. In this paper we show how this overestimation depends on the true effect size and on the sample size. Furthermore, we review and follow up methods originally suggested by Hedges (1984), Iyengar and Greenhouse (1988), and Rust, Lehmann, and Farley (1990) allowing the estimation of the true effect size from published test statistics (e.g., from the t-values of reported significant results). Moreover, we adapted these methods allowing meta-analysts to estimate the percentage of researchers who consign undesired results in a research domain to the file drawer. We also apply the same logic to the case when significant results tend to be underreported. We demonstrate the application of these procedures for conventional one-sample and two-sample t-tests. Finally, we provide R and MATLAB versions of a computer program to estimate the true unbiased effect size and the prevalence of publication bias in the literature.
The Influence Of Human Resource Policy On Job Satisfaction In Predicting Organizational Commitment

Purpose: This research aims to explore the relationship among human resource policy, job satisfaction and organizational commitment through the perception of employees working in small and medium enterprises in Vietnam. Theoretical framework: The human resource functions and related distinct processes that help attract, develop, and retain a company's human resources. They involve employees and guide them to help carry out activities aimed at achieving organizational goals employees (Jahanian et al., 2012). Business leaders are always cautious when reviewing existing human resource policies and constantly improving to make employees satisfied with their jobs, thereby helping them improve their productivity and commitment to the organization. Design/methodology/approach: The qualitative method is based on an overview of previous studies, the research team builds the first scale, then the questionnaire is sent to the experts and conducts a trial survey with 30 employees to control the survey, edit and complete the concepts of the questionnaire. For the quantitative research, data was collected using convenience sampling method from a total of 400 employees and managers who are working at SMEs in Viet Nam. The method of and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were carried out to measure the influence of latent variables on organizational commitment. Findings: The research results show that employees' perceptions of HR policies include selection and recruitment; training and improvement; evaluation of employees’ tasks; stability and promotion in work, remuneration and reward, and encouragement of participation and innovation. These HR policies have a direct positive impact on job satisfaction and commitment to the organization. In addition, job satisfaction has a significant positive effect on organizational commitment. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the implementation of HR policies to promote employee job satisfaction, which helps to increase commitment to the organization. Research, Practical & Social implications: We recommend future research that expands on other components for a comprehensive assessment of HR policies. In addition, it is necessary to analyze in detail the components of organizational commitment such as affective commitment, Continuance commitment, Normative commitment. Originality/value: The results of standardized estimation of the parameters of the research model show that the relationship between the concepts in the formal research model is statistically significant (p<0.05). HR policies have been shown to have the most positive impact on job satisfaction in SMEs.
Food delivery network: non-humans as consumption mediators

The purpose of this theoretical essay is to present an understanding of how the practices of actors in a given network are impacted from the mediation of a digital device. As a contribution to studies of marketing, we present a conceptual framework covering the main actors that make up the food delivery service network. From the propositions, we argue that digital applications of supply and demand for food delivery, through its use, act as mediators between actors, causing the reformatting of market practices and, simultaneously, the institution of new consumption practices involving the entire network in which they operate.
Assessing the Complementary Role of Surface Flux Equilibrium (SFE) Theory and Maximum Entropy Production (MEP) Principle in the Estimation of Actual Evapotranspiration

Although evapotranspiration (ET) from the land is a key variable in Earth system models, the accurate estimation of ET based on physical principles remains challenging. Parameters used in current ET models are largely empirically based, which could be problematic under rapidly changing climatic conditions. Here, we propose a physically based ET model that estimates ET based on the surface flux equilibrium (SFE) theory and the maximum entropy production (MEP) principle. We derive an expression for aerodynamic resistance based on the MEP principle, then propose a novel ET model that integrates the SFE model and the MEP principle. The proposed model, which is referred to as the SFE‐MEP model, becomes equivalent to the MEP state in non‐equilibrium conditions when turbulent mixing is weak and the land surface is dry. Under conditions meeting land‐atmosphere equilibrium, the SFE‐MEP model is similar to ET estimation based on the SFE model. This blended nature of the SFE‐MEP ET model allows accurate ET estimation for most inland regions by overcoming the ET overestimation issue of the SFE model in dry conditions. As a result, the SFE‐MEP model significantly improves the performance of SFE ET estimation, particularly for arid regions. The proposed model and its high accuracy of ET estimation enable novel insight into various Earth system models as it does not require any empirical parameters and only uses readily obtainable meteorological variables including reference height air temperature, relative humidity, available energy, and radiometric surface temperature.
Impact of Noise and Noise Reduction on Processing Effort: A Pupillometry Study

Objectives: Speech perception in adverse listening situations can be exhausting. Hearing loss particularly affects processing demands, as it requires increased effort for successful speech perception in background noise. Signal processing in hearing aids and noise reduction (NR) schemes aim to counteract the effect of noise and reduce the effort required for speech recognition in adverse listening situations. The present study examined the benefit of NR schemes, applying a combination of a digital NR and directional microphones, for reducing the processing effort during speech recognition. Design: The effect of noise (intelligibility level) and different NR schemes on effort were evaluated by measuring the pupil dilation of listeners. In 2 different experiments, performance accuracy and peak pupil dilation (PPD) were measured in 24 listeners with hearing impairment while they performed a speech recognition task. The listeners were tested at 2 different signal to noise ratios corresponding to either the individual 50% correct (L50) or the 95% correct (L95) performance level in a 4-talker babble condition with and without the use of a NR scheme. Results: In experiment 1, the PPD differed in response to both changes in the speech intelligibility level (L50 versus L95) and NR scheme. The PPD increased with decreasing intelligibility, indicating higher processing effort under the L50 condition compared with the L95 condition. Moreover, the PPD decreased when the NR scheme was applied, suggesting that the processing effort was reduced. In experiment 2, 2 hearing aids using different NR schemes (fast-acting and slow-acting) were compared. Processing effort changed as indicated by the PPD depending on the hearing aids and therefore on the NR scheme. Larger PPDs were measured for the slow-acting NR scheme. Conclusions: The benefit of applying an NR scheme was demonstrated for both L50 and L95, that is, a situation at which the performance level was at a ceiling. This opens the opportunity for new means of evaluating hearing aids in situations in which traditional speech reception measures are shown not to be sensitive.
Psychometric Characteristics of the Persian Version of the Revised Fear of Personal Death Scale

Background: The thought of one’s own death is a fearful subject that is not easy to deal with. Fear of death can have various psychological effects on a person. Advances have been made in the measurement of death concerns leading to the development and validation of several scales as it varies according to social and cultural conditions. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties, content validity, concurrent validity, and factor structure of a Persian version of the revised Fear of Personal Death Scale (FPDS-R) in an Iranian population. Methods: This study was conducted on residents of Tehran, Iran, using the online version of the FPDS-R, Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition, and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale questionnaires. Finally, data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 21). Moreover, the Pearson correlation coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used for data analysis. Results: Among 313 individuals who completed the study, the fit of the five-factor model in CFA was confirmed using standard indices (root mean square error of approximation = 0.06; chi-square/df = 2.34). Reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach’s alpha (> 0.8). Cronbach’s alpha values for the reliability of "deprivation", "loss of self", "forgotten", "other-oriented" and "mystery" were 0.93, 0.88, 0.81, 0.86, and 0.88, respectively. The findings of this study confirmed the five factors model developed by Burris and Bailey (2009) on Iranian sample. Conclusions: The Persian version of the FPDS-R in Iranian society has good reliability and validity and can be used for personality research, identification and treatment of clinical disorders, and cross-cultural comparisons in this population.
Statistical Inference for a Relative Risk Measure

ABSTRACT For monitoring systemic risk from regulators’ point of view, this article proposes a relative risk measure, which is sensitive to the market comovement. The asymptotic normality of a nonparametric estimator and its smoothed version is established when the observations are independent. To effectively construct an interval without complicated asymptotic variance estimation, a jackknife empirical likelihood inference procedure based on the smoothed nonparametric estimation is provided with a Wilks type of result in case of independent observations. When data follow from AR-GARCH models, the relative risk measure with respect to the errors becomes useful and so we propose a corresponding nonparametric estimator. A simulation study and real-life data analysis show that the proposed relative risk measure is useful in monitoring systemic risk.
Geometry-Related Children's Literature Improves the Geometry Achievement and Attitudes of Second-Grade Students

Use of mathematics-related literature can engage students' interest and increase their understanding of mathematical concepts. A quasi-experimental study of two second-grade classrooms assessed whether daily inclusion of geometry-related literature in the classroom improved attitudes toward geometry and achievement in geometry. Consistent with the hypothesis, only the students in the classroom with a strong emphasis on geometry-related children's literature showed a significant improvement in their attitudes about geometry over time. While both classes improved their geometry performance over the 4 weeks of the study, the class with a strong emphasis on geometry-related literature improved significantly more (51.2%) than the control class (33.47%). Children's literature can provide a useful and interesting context in which students can develop their understanding of geometry.
On the Ekman Layer in a circular Vortex

The system under study is an Ekman boundary layer in a circular vortex bounded by a plane horizontal surface which rotates around the axis in an absolute sense. It is found that the vertical motion forced by a turbulent Ekman layer near the axis will tend to zero with the radius. In contrast, it is known from the Greenspan-Howard theory that the vertical motion is constant near the axis in the laminar case. Impli cations for the spin-up mechanism and for the structure of typhoons are pointed out.
How the name-letter effect influences peer choice in the P2P economy

This research aims to examine and extend the current understanding of the name-letter effect (NLE) – people’s implicit preference for the letters of their own name – on consumer peer choices in the P2P economy. Drawing on implicit consumer cognition, a new study is conducted to enhance the internal and external validity, which has been identified as weak in the previous literature. The current research successfully shows the NLE in actual consumer choices and reveals that it is an important driver influencing peer choice. Guest consumers on Airbnb disproportionally preferred renting accommodation from a host whose first name resembled their own (based on shared initials or shared unordered letters) rather than from any other host. This NLE increases with an increasing number of letters shared and is more pronounced in the case of first price tier accommodations and when the proximity with the host is high. This finding suggests an implicit name similarity preference that has important practical and ethical implications for the personalization marketing of recommender systems.
Seasonal Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds in Seoul, Korea: Major Sources and Contribution to Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major pollutants that cause air pollution and are precursors that react in the air to produce secondary organic aerosol (SOA). This study attempted to elucidate the distribution characteristics of VOCs in the atmosphere of Seoul by measuring 34 types of VOCs in real time in the winter of 2020 and summer of 2021. The objectives of this research are as follows: (1) understand the characteristics of VOCs in Seoul and the difference between winter and summer compositions, (2) identify the main sources of VOCs in winter and summer, and (3) estimate the contribution of VOCs to the SOA formation potential in Seoul. Total VOC concentrations were found to be higher in summer (7.61 ± 4.22 ppb) than in winter (6.28 ± 4.11 ppb). To further specify the cause of the difference in major VOC components in winter and summer, a cause analysis was performed using the ratio between marker components, and an emission source analysis of VOCs was performed by applying the positive matrix factorization model (PMF). The source distribution of VOCs in Seoul was attributed to five factors: solvent usage, vehicle exhaust, industry/burning of fossil fuels, petrochemical industry, and road emission (winter)/gasoline-related (summer). The contribution of VOCs to SOA formation was estimated using the secondary organic aerosol formation potential. The results showed that toluene was the primary contributor to SOA formation in both winter and summer. In the summer, solvent usage containing high proportion of ethylbenzene and xylenes contributed more than twice as much to SOA formation compared to the winter.
LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW OVER A LAYER OF SPHERES

The paper presents results of a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of the flow in an open channel where the channel bed is roughened with one layer of spheres. The roughness height k, which corresponds to the sphere diameter d is 0.23 of the channe l depth. The Reynolds number Reτ, based on the average friction velocity uτ and the channel depth h is approximately 2820. The flow configuration was selected to correspond to laboratory experiments of Detert (2005), which are currently in progress. Mean streamwise velocities from the LES are compared with the measured data and the distributions of the calculated turbulence intensities are evaluated by comparing them with empirical relationships for flow over rough walls suggested by Nezu (1977). The occurrence of low - and high-speed streaks is examined and their spanwise spacing is quantified. Moreover, sweeps and ejections are shown to occur as well as the amalgamation process i.e. ejection of fluid into the outer layer associated with vortex growth.
Quantification of the volume-fraction reduction of sheared fragile glass-forming liquids and its impact on rheology

This study determines the volume-fraction reduction of sheared fragile glass-forming liquids. We consider a group of hypothetical systems that consist of particles with anisotropic particle-size modulations yet have almost the same average particle configuration as actual systems under shear flow. Our molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrate that one specific hypothetical system can reproduce the relaxation dynamics of an actual sheared system, and we identify the shear-flow effect on the particle size with anisotropic size-modulation of this specific system. Then, based on the determination of the particle size and the resultant volume fraction, we rationalize how slight decreases in the volume fraction significantly reduce the viscosity snf provide a nonlinear constitutive equation. Notably, the obtained rheological predictions, including the crossover shear rate from Newtonian to non-Newtonian behavior, can be expressed only in terms of experimental observables, showing a good agreement with the MD simulation results. Our perspective on the volume fraction under shear flow may provide new insights into the conventional concept of free-volume.
Assessing the Performance of a Novel Stool-Based Microbiome Test That Predicts Response to First Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Multiple Cancer Types

Simple Summary Our study evaluated the use of the intestinal microbiome as a prognostic marker that seems to modulate response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment in patients with late-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and metastatic melanoma. BiomeOne®, a stool microbiome-based algorithm, was able to classify patient samples according to the likeliness of achieving clinical benefit of ICI before treatment initiation by identifying an immunotherapy-favorable microbiome signature, outperforming the standard PD-L1 expression test. This study has additionally shed new light on the intestinal microbiome signature associated with the occurrence of irAEs, paving way to larger studies to validate and expand the current knowledge. Lastly, robust, easy-to-use, and non-invasive microbiome-based diagnostics hold promising potential for oncology, and further work should aim to expand these applications to other cancer types and microbiome-centered interventions, such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), moving one step forward towards the era of personalized medicine. Abstract The intestinal microbiome is by now an undebatable key player in the clinical outcome of ICI therapies. However, no microbiome profiling method to aid therapy decision is yet validated. We conducted a multi-centric study in patients with stage III/IV melanoma, NSCLC, or RCC receiving ICI treatment. The stool microbiome profile of 63 patients was analyzed with BiomeOne®, a microbiome-based algorithm that anticipates whether a patient will achieve clinical benefit with ICIs prior to therapy initiation. Classification of patient samples as Rs and NRs was achieved with a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 50% in this validation cohort. An ICI-favorable response was characterized by an intestinal microbiome rich in bacteria such as Oscillospira sp. , Clostridia UCG-014, Lachnospiraceae UCG-010 sp. , Prevotella copri, and a decrease in Sutterella sp. , Lactobacillales, and Streptococcus sp. Patients who developed immune-related adverse events (irAEs) had an overall increased microbial diversity and richness, and a stool microbiome depleted in Agathobacter. When compared with the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression test in the subcohort of NSCLC patients (n = 38), BiomeOne® exhibited a numerically higher sensitivity (78.6%) in identifying responders when compared with the PD-L1 test (67.9%). This study provides an evaluation of BiomeOne®, the first microbiome-based test for prediction of ICI response, to achieve market authorization. Validation with further indications and expansion to other microbiome-based interventions will be essential to bring microbiome-based diagnostics into standard clinical practice.
On the growth of Taylor-Görtler vortices along highly concave walls

1. Abstract. The primary objective of this study has been to prepare a chart for computing the growth of Taylor-Gortler vortices in laminar flow along walls of both high and low concave curvature. Taylor-Gortler vortices are streamwise vortices having alternate rightand left-hand rotation that may develop in the laminar boundary layer along a concave surface. The equations of motion are derived anew and re-examined with regard to the importance of the various terms. The final equations used in preparation of the chart are found to be valid for radii of curvature as small as 30 times the boundary layer thickness. Furthermore, it is shown that the equations are not restricted in validity to cases of constant wall curvature, constant free stream velocities, or to boundary layers of constant thickness. Whereas the previous analyses by Taylor and Gortler assumed the vortex to grow exponentially as a function of time, the present study recasts the growth into a more convenient form in which the vortex grows as a function of distance. The solution is an eigenvalue problem, which in the present study has been solved mainly by Galerkin's method—a variational method. Both the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions are presented, the former in the aforementioned chart. It is possible to compare the solutions for neutral stability with those given by Gortler. The two solutions are in approximate agreement. A second method of solution also is described. This method is believed to offer considerable improvement, provided a high-speed digital computer is available. In the one case checked by both methods agreement was within 2%. Finally, the stability chart was applied to all the known experimental data concerning the effect of concave curvature on the transition point. The well known parameter Rs(d/r)1/2 is shown to be inadequate as an indicator of the transition point. Instead, the experimental data indicate that an apparent amplification factor, exp / /3 d.r, is a much better measure. Available results show that transition of this type will occur when / /3 dx reaches a value of about ten. 2. The flow past a concave plate. A considerable body of indirect evidence indicates that a laminar flow along a concave wall does not remain two-dimensional. Instead, it rolls up into alternate rightand left-hand vortices as indicated in Fig. 1. To obtain some insight into the forces that cause the formation of these vortices, consider the streaming of an incompressible, viscous fluid past a concave wall, Fig. 2. If the Reynolds number is not extremely low, a boundary layer will develop. At some arbitrary height, y1 , within the boundary layer, the velocity is . At some other height y2 = yx + Ay the velocity is u2 = ux + (du/dy)Ay. At the height yt , the fluid is under a pressure . By the usual boundary layer equations for two-dimensional