Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constructing a Defined Starter for Multispecies Vinegar Fermentation via Evaluation of the Vitality and Dominance of Functional Microbes in an Autochthonous Starter

Complex microorganisms are beneficial to the flavor formation in natural food fermentation, but they also pose challenges to the mass production of standardized products. It is attractive to construct a defined starter to rapidly initiate fermentation process and significantly improve fermentation yield. ABSTRACT Mature vinegar culture has usually been used as a type of autochthonous starter to rapidly initiate the next batch of acetic acid fermentation (AAF) and maintain the batch-to-batch uniformity of AAF in the production of traditional cereal vinegar. However, the vitality and dominance of functional microbes in autochthonous starters remain unclear, which hinders further improvement of fermentation yield and production. Here, based on metagenomic (MG), metatranscriptomic (MT), and 16S rRNA gene sequencings, 11 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with significant metabolic activity (MT/MG ratio >1) and dominance (relative abundance >1%) were targeted in the autochthonous vinegar starter, all of which were assigned to 4 species (Acetobacter pasteurianus, Lactobacillus acetotolerans, L. helveticus, Acetilactobacillus jinshanensis). Then, we evaluated the successions and interactions of these 11 bacterial OTUs at different AAF stages. Last, a defined starter was constructed with 4 core species isolated from the autochthonous starter (A. pasteurianus, L. acetotolerans, L. helveticus, Ac. jinshanensis). The defined starter culture could rapidly initiate the AAF in a sterile or unsterilized environment, and similar dynamics of metabolites (ethanol, titratable acidity, acetic acid, lactic acid, and volatile compounds) and environmental indexes (temperature, pH) of fermentation were observed as compared with that of autochthonous starter (P > 0.05). This work provides a method to construct a defined microbiota from a complex system while preserving its metabolic function. IMPORTANCE Complex microorganisms are beneficial to the flavor formation in natural food fermentation, but they also pose challenges to the mass production of standardized products. It is attractive to construct a defined starter to rapidly initiate fermentation process and significantly improve fermentation yield. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of vital and dominant species in the autochthonous vinegar starter via multi-omics, and designs a defined microbial community for the efficient fermentation of cereal vinegar.
Theoretical Analysis for Horizontal Curves Based on Actual Discomfort Speed

The 2001 AASHTO publication A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets (Green Book) discusses five different methods for the distribution of side friction and superelevation rates for curves with radii greater than the minimum and recommends one of the methods for rural high-speed roads design, Which is most commonly used in practice. The use of the five methods for distribution of superelevation and side friction, use of various maximum superelevation rates in adjacent jurisdictions, in addition to the use of various side friction factors for various facility types as outlined in the Green Book (rural high-speed roads, low-speed urban streets, and turning roadways) have greatly contributed to varying driving comfort and safety ranges for various highways in the United States. This study provides a theoretical analysis for selection of superelevation rates based on a set value of speed beyond the design speed (or speed limit) at which drivers start feeling lateral acceleration. This study is an attempt to simplify the complexities of this topic and provides a more consistent and clear design method.
The revival of zero‐based budgeting: drivers and consequences of firm‐level adoptions

The paper examines the recent revival of zero-based budgeting (ZBB) in the US. Using archival data, we show that the renewed interest in ZBB was linked to the activities of a hedge fund, 3G Capital, which introduced the practice in newly acquired ﬁrms. Other ﬁrms picked up the practice, particularly so in some industries, and justiﬁed adoption mainly on the basis of expected cost savings. In addition, we show that these adopting ﬁrms were smaller than non-adopters, suggesting that less complexity favours adoption. We also ﬁnd some evidence that they were more strongly leveraged than non-adopters, suggesting a cost discipline eﬀect of debt ﬁnancing. However, in terms of the consequences of adoption, we do not ﬁnd evidence for signiﬁcant cost savings in adopting ﬁrms overall, although we ﬁnd some evidence of signiﬁcant cost savings among those ﬁrms referencing 3G in their SEC ﬁlings.
Performance evaluation of Manchester carry chain adder for VLSI designer library

Adder is the most extensively used component in any VLSI designer library. Thus it is necessary to design a fast and have a constant rise, fall and delay time. The Manchester carry chain adder is chosen because it is fast and give a constant rise, fall and delay time for all the sum and carry output signals compare to other adders, regardless the number of bits. The simulations were done for all types of Manchester adder to determine the Manchester carry chain adder circuitry that provides the best performances. Tanner Tools Pro is used to analyse the Manchester carry chain adder with 2-micron technology and the channel length, L = 2µm. T-spice and W-edit are used for circuit analysis. The exhaustive test for the 2-bit Manchester adder proves that the dynamic stage of the Manchester carry chain adder gives constant rise, fall and delay time for the carry and sum outputs with maximum frequency of 125MHz.
Is variety the spice of happiness? More variety is associated with lower efficacy of positive activity interventions in a sample of over 200,000 happiness seekers

ABSTRACT An empirically supported approach to increase one’s happiness (or well-being) is to engage in brief, self-directed positive activities in daily life. However, such positive activities may fail to bring lasting changes in well-being due to hedonic adaptation. Notably, previous research has shown that variety is a key factor that can slow hedonic adaptation and can improve the efficacy of positive activities. The current study examines the role of variety, along with other factors, while practicing well-being boosting activities within a large sample of happiness seekers (N = 218,606) who used an application that provides users with bundles of positive exercises to increase their well-being. Our results showed that using a wider variety of positive activities was associated with smaller – not bigger – boosts in well-being. Furthermore, people who engaged in more varied activities selected less generally effective activities than those who engaged in less varied activities.
Effect of Gamma Irradiation of Seeds on the Development and Productivity of Three Maize Varieties (Zea mays. L) in Côte D’ivoire

Climate variability has been and continues to be the main source of food fluctuations. This variability threatens the production of cash crops such as maize (Zea mays L). Maize is a cereal and has become one of the main agricultural crops in Côte d’Ivoire. The objective of this study is to determine the agro-morphological characteristics of three (03) varieties of maize (EV 8728, GMRP / 18 and MDJ) which have undergone irradiation with gamma radiation (0, 100, 200 and 300 grays) to induce mutations. The agro-morphological evaluation was carried out in a completely randomized block device. morphological characters selected from the descriptors of maize were used in this study. The descriptive analysis revealed a significant diversity between the treatments. The comparison between all the agro-morphological characters and the different treatments showed that the treatments EV8728_0 and EV8728_100 Gy had the best characteristics of ears and grains and the treatment MDJ_200 had the best vegetative characteristics.
Multitarget Position-Sensitivity Security Transmission with OAM-DM Based on FDA

The multitarget position-sensitivity security transmission scheme with orbital angular momentum (OAM) directional modulation (DM) waveform using the uniform circular frequency diverse array (FDA) is proposed. The transmitter employs FDA to generate dual-mode range-dependent OAM beam pattern, and the direction information of OAM beam is modulated into the signal. According to the modulation method, orthogonal carrier frequency can be designed to realize multitarget position-dependent OAM pattern. In the undesired position, the intensity pattern and the phase front of the radio beam vary randomly with the digital transmission sequence. Because modulation waveform is position-dependent, the technique offers security, as the signal can be purposely distorted in other positions. The composite dual-mode OAM signal makes it more difficult for eavesdroppers to demodulate correct messages. The receiver with a single antenna employs the phase compensation and helical phase factor to restore the correct digital signal in the desired position. Numerical results show that multitarget position-sensitivity OAM-DM technology based on FDA offers the security transmission scheme.
Impact of crosstalk in an arrayed-waveguide multiplexer on N/spl times/N optical interconnection

The impact of crosstalk in an arrayed-waveguide N/spl times/N wavelength multiplexer is investigated precisely in relation to its application to wavelength-routing N/spl times/N all optical networks. In such systems multiple crosstalk light which has the same wavelength as the signal results in signal-crosstalk beat noise. We confirm that the noise is Gaussian and obtain the relation between crosstalk and power penalty. It is shown that the crosstalk must be less than -38 dB for a 16/spl times/16 system to keep the power penalty below 1 dB at a bit error rate of 10/sup -9/.
Characteristics and beach safety knowledge of beachgoers on unpatrolled surf beaches in Australia

Abstract. The majority of drowning deaths on Australian beaches occur significant distances away from lifeguard services. This study uses results of 459 surveys of beachgoers at five beaches unpatrolled by lifeguards in New South Wales, Australia to improve understanding of who visits these beaches and why, and to identify risk factors associated with their beach safety knowledge and behaviour. Many unpatrolled beach users were infrequent beachgoers and weak swimmers, with poor rip current hazard identification skills, who did not observe safety signage that was present, and yet intended to enter the water to swim despite being aware that no lifeguards were present. The survey found that the main reasons beachgoers visited unpatrolled beaches were because they were conveniently close to their holiday accommodation, or they represented a quieter location away from crowds. Future beach safety interventions in Australia need to extend beyond the standard ‘swim between the flags’ message in recognition that people will always frequent unpatrolled beaches. Future beach safety interventions for unpatrolled beaches should be tailored towards the varied types of demographic beach users, such as domestic tourist families, males, and day visitors attracted by social media.
The role of photomask resolution on the performance of arrayed-waveguide grating devices

The crosstalk performance of an arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer or demultiplexer is primarily caused by random optical phase errors introduced in the arrayed waveguides. Because the layout of waveguides on a wafer is patterned via photomask through the photolithography process, the resolution of a photomask has a direct influence on the phase errors of an AWG. The paper presents a theoretical analysis on the phase error caused by photomask resolution and other basic design parameters. Both calculation and measurement results show that a high-resolution photomask (better than 25 nm) is a critical requirement to produce low-crosstalk (less than -30 dB) AWG demultiplexers. We also investigate the effect of nonideal power distribution in the arrayed waveguides because it contributes considerable phase errors when material impurity is not well controlled during wafer fabrication. Basic criteria of power profile truncation, number of grating waveguides, and material index variation are also summarized.
Effect of Dietary Mixture Containing Azolla and Spirulina Platensis on Physiological, Metabolic, Immunological and Histological Performance of GIFTTilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Cultured in Lined Ponds

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Azolla and Spirulina platensis inclution diet on physiological, immunological and histological performance of GIFT Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) cultured in lined ponds. With reference to pilot studies conducted in different Azolla and S . platensis inclusion levels, an isonitrogenous (32%) and isocaloric (17 KJ kg -1 DM) diet (15%-Azolla and 3%-S.platensis meal ) was formulated to replace fishmeal, while commercial diet was used as control. Animals (5.5 ± 0.04 g) were randomly stocked at a density of 15m -3 in 100m 2 lined ponds in all the experimental diets in triplicates. The fishes were fed with experimental diets at 5% of their body weight in two rations throughout the 90 days trial. The results indicated that, water quality parameters (pH, alkalinity, hardness and nitrate), physiological parameters, immunological indices and intestinal villi structure were significantly higher in test diet, while metabolic enzyme activity and liver histology were not influenced by the dietary treatments. Therefore, the study suggests that, partial replacement of fish meal with a combination of Azolla (15%) and S. platensis (3%) meal in semi intensive GIFT tilapia culture is beneficial for the better performance of GIFT tilapia, O. niloticus production.
Improvement of Hydraulic Fracture Predictions by Real-Time History Matching on Observed Pressures

Nouveau modele integre de fracturation hydraulique, permettant de comparer les valeurs des pressions de fracturation mesurees et calculees, afin d'ameliorer les predictions concernant la geometrie des fractures. Ce modele prend en compte tous les phenomenes physiques essentiels qui influencent la reponse de pression associee a la propagation de la fracture hydraulique. L'analyse historique des pressions sert a determiner le degre de confinement de la fracturation, l'extension de la perte de fluide, et la rheologie du fluide dans la fracture. Quatre cas reels sont etudies de cette maniere
Neuroimaging outcomes for writing epilepsy with generalized tonic clonic seizure: a case description and literature analysis.

Writing-induced seizures have been documented and described since the past few decades (1-3). Writing epilepsy includes combination of various myoclonic jerks of ipsilateral or bilateral hand induced by writing, sometimes accompanied by local dystonic posture of hand, which can rapidly develop into generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) (4). The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) have classified the GTCS with partial onset and secondary generalization in to focal-to-bilateral tonicclonic seizure in 2017 (5). Seizure-precipitating factors are closely related to brain activities (6,7) and have varying influence on the diverse epilepsies due to their underlying pathophysiological characteristics. Rarely, published literature have specified the role of brain cortex in inducing seizures due to writing (1,8,9). Herein, we report a very rare case of epilepsy elicited exclusively by writing. The major factors triggering the seizures associated with the writing process were investigated via electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging/positron emission tomography fusion imaging (MRI/PET).
Marine Cleaning Mutualism Defies Standard Logic of Supply and Demand

Supply and demand affect the values of goods exchanged in cooperative trades. Studies of humans and other species typically describe the standard scenario that an increase in demand leads to a higher price. Here, we challenge the generality of that logic with empirical data and a theoretical model. In our study system, “client” fishes visit cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus) to have ectoparasites removed, but cleaners prefer client mucus, which constitutes “cheating. ” We removed 31 of 65 preselected cleaners from a large isolated reef patch. We compared cleaner-client interactions at the reef and a control reef before removal and 4 weeks after removal. Cleaner fish from the experimental treatment site interacted more frequently with large clients (typically visitors with access to alternative cleaning stations), but we did not observe any changes in service quality measures. A game-theoretic analysis revealed that interaction duration and service quality might increase, decrease, or remain unchanged depending on the precise relationships between key parameters, such as the marginal benefits of cheating as a function of satiation or the likelihood of clients responding to cheating as a function of market conditions. The analyses show that the principle of diminishing return may affect exchanges in ways not predicted by supply-to-demand ratios.
Study of cardiac manifestations in hypothyroid patients admitted in tertiary care centre

Background: Hypothyroidism is the most common pathological hormone deficiency. To study various cardiac manifestations in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism.Methods: The cross-sectional analytic study is carried out on 60 patients of hypothyroid subjects in indoor facility of general medicine department in SMIMER hospital.Results: This study shows positive correlation between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level, electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiographic findings. In this study, there is female predominance, ECG findings most commonly suggestive of sinus bradycardia and ECHO findings are most commonly suggestive of diastolic dysfunction with pericardial effusion.Conclusions: The early recognition and early initiation of treatment of hypothyroidism may helpful to lowering heart changes as hypothyroidism is reversible cause for cardiac manifestation.
A fully soft-switched extended-period quasi-resonant power-factor-correction circuit

This paper presents the design criteria, procedure, and implementation of a soft-switched power-factor-correction (PFC) circuit based on the extended-period quasi-resonant (EPQR) principles. All power electronic devices including switches and diodes in the circuit are fully soft switched. The design method is demonstrated in a prototype circuit. The operating principles are confirmed with computer simulation and experimental results. A comparison of the EP-QR operation and zero-voltage-transition (ZVT) pulse-width modulation (PWM) method.
Race, Adolescent Socioeconomic Status, and Lifetime Non-Medical Use of Prescription Painkillers: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health

The misuse of prescription painkillers is a major contributor to the ongoing drug overdose epidemic. This study investigated variability in non-medical use of prescription painkillers (NMUPP) by race and early-life socioeconomic status (SES) in a sample now at increased risk for opioid overdose. Data from two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 11,602) were used to calculate prevalence of reported NMUPP by Wave 4 (2008; mean age 28), and to assess variation by race and by equivalized household family income at Wave 1 (1994/5). Predicted values for prevalence of NMUPP were modelled, adjusting for age, sex, parental education, and region. Race and SES in adolescence were associated with later reported NMUPP. A gradient was seen in prevalence by SES (adjusted: family income quartile 1 = 13.3%; quartile 2 = 13.8%; quartile 3 = 14.8%; quartile 4 = 16.0%; trend p-value = 0.007). Prevalence was higher among males. Racial/ethnic differences in prevalence were seen (non-Hispanic white (NHW) = 18.5%; non-Hispanic black (NHB) = 5.8%; Hispanic = 10.5%; Other = 10.0%). SES differences were less pronounced upon stratification, with trend tests significant only among females (p = 0.004), and marginally significant among Hispanic males (p = 0.06). Early-life SES was associated with reported lifetime NMUPP: the higher the family income in adolescence, the greater the likelihood of NMUPP by young adulthood. Variations in NMUPP by income paled in comparison with racial/ethnic differences. Results point to a possible long-enduring association between SES and NMUPP, and a need to examine underlying mechanisms.
Control of PWM voltage inverters in the pulse dropping region

The overmodulation of pulse width modulated (PWM) inverters causes a nonlinearity in the feedforward channel. The type of modulator, sine wave, space vector, or third harmonic, establishes the characteristics of the transition region's nonlinearity. The characteristics for a number of modulation strategies are introduced. Test results from commercially available volts per hertz (V/F) drives reveal their inability to provide rated voltage even at rated input conditions. The adverse effects of the overmodulation region on current regulated AC inverters are demonstrated by experimental results. A compensated modulation technique (CMT), adaptable to continuous and discontinuous modulators, provides the exact inverse of the nonlinearity; thus it produces a smooth transition to six-step operation without inducing a voltage transient. Experimental results presented in the paper demonstrate the CMT's smooth transition to six-step and the improved performance of the CMT-PWM. Finally, a comparison of the CMT with the other known overmodulation strategy shows the CMT provides a simple technique with essentially identical harmonic characteristics. <<ETX>>
Transient Analysis of Surface Features in an EHL Line Contact in the Case of Sliding

This paper investigates in detail the influence of two different surface topographies on the pressure distribution and film thickness profile of a highly loaded (maximum Hertzian pressure 2 GPa) line contact as a function of the slide to roll ratio. To accomplish this the transient Reynolds equation is solved both in space and time. The first feature under investigation is localized, a so-called indentation, the second one is global: waviness. The observed lack of synchronism in the extremes of pressure and film thickness is explained theoretically by analyzing the Reynolds equation
Simple relative space–time scaling of electrical and electromagnetic depth sounding arrays: implications for electrical static shift removal and joint DC‐TEM data inversion with the most‐squares criterion

A simple scaling relationship is shown to facilitate comparison, correlation and integration of data recorded using the common experimental configurations in electrical and electromagnetic depth sounding. Applications of the scheme to field data from typical geological and landfill environments show that it is robust and, where transient electromagnetic (TEM) data are available, enables easy identification and quantification of electrical static shift (galvanic distortion) in magnetotelluric and direct current (DC) sounding curves. TEM‐based procedures are suggested for both the direct removal of static shift in DC sounding curves and effective joint data inversion with the most‐squares criterion in the presence of static shift. A case study of aquifer characterization using sounding data from borehole sites in the Vale of York in England shows that static shift is a common problem in this glacial‐covered terrain and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed joint DC‐TEM inversion strategy in handling distorted soundings.