Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental Illness Portrayal in Media: A Content Analysis of Malaysian Newspapers

Stigmatization of mental illness is closely related with media representation. Newspaper is regarded as the main source of information for Malaysian public. However, the portrayal of mental illnesses in this form of media was never assessed. This study was conducted with the aims of evaluating how Bahasa Melayu newspapers reported mental illness issues and to quantify the frequency of negative depiction versus positive depiction of mental illness patient. Four daily Bahasa Melayu newspapers were examined page by page by the researchers during a five-week period, from July to August 2015. These newspapers were chosen based on their average daily circulation. The selected articles were coded according to coding frame developed by the authors. The data were then analyzed qualitatively using content analysis. A total of 46 articles were selected for analysis. The majority of tone used in the headlines of these articles was neutral and the majority of the tone used in the text was negative. The most common keyword in these articles was ‘sakit mental’. The findings were similar to what have been reported in other studies. In order to prevent further negative stigma on mental illness, several recommendations were discussed.
Bank Regulation, Network Topology, and Systemic Risk: Evidence from the Great Depression

We study how bank regulation can interact with network topology to influence systemic stability. Employing unique hand-collected data on the correspondent network for all U.S. banks on the eve of the Great Depression and a methodology that captures bank credit risk and network position, we explore how the pyramid-shaped network topology was inherently fragile and systemically risky. We measure its contribution to banking distress in the early 1930s, and show that a bank’s network position as well as the risk of its network neighbors are strong predictors of bank survivorship. Institutional alternatives, such as branch banking, and alternative topologies appear to deliver networks that are more stable than the network that existed in 1929. JEL classification: L1, E42, E44, G01, G18, G21, N12, N22.
Jesus Speaks Korean: Christianity and Literacy in Colonial Korea

In the mid 19 th century, pre-colonial Korea under the Joseon dynasty was increasingly isolated and lagging behind in its economic development. Joseon Korea was forced to sign unequal treaties with foreign powers as a result of which Christian missionaries entered the country and contributed to the establishment of private schools. We show that areas with a larger presence of Christians have higher literacy rates in 1930, during the Japanese colonial period. We also show that a higher number of Protestants is associated with higher female literacy, consistent with a stronger emphasis on female education in Protestant denominations.
Essential oil and glycosidically bound volatiles of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart

The glycosidically bound volatiles were isolated from dried plant material by percolation with ethyl acetate and by extraction with water during hydrodistillation of essential oil. Fifteen volatile aglycones were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) on two columns with different polarity of the stationary phases. The main aglycones were: thymoquinone, benzyl alcohol, thymol, 2-phenylethanol, carvacrol and 1-octen-3-ol. The content of aglycones was 19 and 21 mg kg−1 with respect to the method of isolation. The chemical composition of aglycones was compared with the chemical composition of essential oil, which consisted mainly of thymol and carvacrol. After the hydrolysis of glycosides, D-(+)-glucose and unknown disaccharide were identified. The hydrolysis of disaccharide, D-(+)-glucose and D-(+)-galactose were detected by TLC and GC-MS as trimethylsilylethers. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic and magnetic structure of BCC Fe-Co alloys from band theory

The connection between electronic structure and ferromagnetism is studied for the Fe-Co alloy system by means of self-consistent local spin-density functional calculations. The local environment of these BCC-substitutional alloys is modelled by different ordered compounds: besides BCC Co and Fe these are Co3Fe and Fe3Co in the Fe3Al structure and FeCo in the CsCl and NaTl structures. FeCo in the CsCl structure is studied in great detail giving the ferromagnetic band structure, decomposed state densities, Wigner delay times and the spatial form of the spin density. The role of the nearest-neighbour coordination in determining the value of the magnetic moments is discussed for all the compounds studied. The calculated and measured magnetic moments are compared and trends are analysed and explained.
Solar Flare Prediction Based on CNN

—The motivation for this topic is the accurate prediction of an unpredictable celestial event: solar ﬂares. Solar ﬂares are studied using 10 sensors on the SDO NASA satellite mission, and the data consists of images from that mission. For our project, we built CNNs using both a regression model and a binary classiﬁcation model as well as a vgg16-based network and a pre-trained autoencoder network. The results showed that with auto-encoded data and a regression classiﬁcation model, the network is relatively successful at predicting the presence of a solar ﬂare with an appropriately chosen threshold. Our GitHub repository: https://github.com/NansuXu/ece228-Solar-ﬂare. git
Sub-National Market-Supporting Institutions and Outward FDI: Evidence of Emerging-Market MNEs into Developed Markets

We propose a twofold institutional effect of home market-supporting institutional development on emerging-market (EM) firms’ propensity of entry into a developed market (DM). First, there is a direct effect, as home institutional development of a sub-national region reduces the uncertainty facing EM firms as a result of institutional differences between the EM and DMs, and thus encourages these firms to invest into DMs. Second, there is an indirect effect through the mediation of market-related firm capability; that is, home market-supporting institutional development provides the conditions that induce local firms to create market-related firm capabilities in, for example, technology, branding and marketing, and managerial skills. Using a 2010 firm-level survey of 553 Chinese firms headquartered in 68 different cities and measures of home institutional quality at the city level (and, as a robustness check, at the provincial level), and adopting a causal mediation analysis method, we find very supportive empirical results for the arguments outlined.
Storage stability of a stimulant coconut water–acerola fruit juice beverage

Summary The objective of this work was to study the stability of a beverage formulated with acerola fruit juice and green coconut water with added caffeine. The beverage was prepared with 25% acerola pulp, 75% green coconut water and sugar up to 12°Brix, and caffeine (125 mg L−1), heat processed at 90 °C for 30 s and packed in 250-mL glass bottles. Chemical, physicochemical, microbiological and sensory analyses of the beverage were performed just after processing and during 6 months of storage at room temperature (27 °C). The vitamin C content decreased significantly throughout storage, from 399.5 to 189.6 mg 100 mL−1, although it has remained relatively high. The anthocyanins initially present (0.025 mg 100 mL−1) were completely lost during the storage at a mean rate of 4 μg 100 mL−1 month−1. The product was microbiologically stable during storage. Colour changes were also observed with absorbance at 420 nm, with average values ranging from 0.19 to 0.24. However, according to the sensory analyses the product was acceptable during the 6 months of storage, presenting sensory scores (colour, taste and global acceptance) from 6.5 to 5.5, which suggests its potential for market.
Hierarchy of events in the folding of model proteins

The functional properties of proteins depend upon their three-dimensional structure (native state). All the information needed to specify this structure is contained within its amino acid sequence. Under suitable conditions, most small proteins will spontaneously fold to their native states. To understand the biological function of proteins one would, therefore, like to be able to deduce or predict the three-dimensional structure from the amino acid sequence. This we cannot do. On the other hand, simple models have been developed to design sequences which are able to fold to a given conformation. Good folder sequences are characterized by a large gap, compared with the standard deviation of contact energies among the amino acids, between the energy of the sequence in the native conformation and the lowest energy (threshold Ec) of the conformations structurally dissimilar to the native one. Designed sequences which conserve (in any way) this energy gap share a common set of (conserved) contacts, contacts w.
Reaction between SiC and W, Mo, and Ta at elevated temperatures

The stability of W, Mo, and Ta in contact with single‐crystal β‐SiC at elevated temperatures has been investigated using Auger sputter profiling. All three metals were found to form a thin‐mixed layer of metal carbide and silicide upon metal deposition at room temperature. This layer is thought to be the result of surface defects which weaken the Si—C bonds and allow a low‐temperature reaction to occur. Upon heating, the Ta readily reacts with the SiC substrate and forms a mixed layer of Ta carbide and silicide at annealing temperatures as low as 400 °C, however, the W/SiC and Mo/SiC systems are stable and change very little after annealing at 850 and 800 °C, respectively.
Optical Properties Of Some Natural Diamonds With High Hydrogen Content

We have demonstrated for the first time that in diamonds some defects correlated with the presence of intense H-related infrared absorptions, also absorb in the visible range. These diamonds exhibit two types of optical absorption spectra, resulting in a browniqh yellow or gray color. We believe that the 1405 and 3107 cm-1 H-related infrared absorptions are not simply due to C-H vibrations, but rather to stretching modes of complexes involving hydrogen and nitrogen in all cases. These types of H-rich brownish yellow and gray diamonds - or sectors of particular stones - are probably the result of cuboid growth.
An Experimental Investigation on Performance, Emission, and Combustion Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Methyl Esters of Waste Pork Lard and Diesel Blends

The aim of this research work is to investigate the possibility of using methyl esters from animal fats as an alternative fuel for diesel. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel produced from different kinds of vegetable oils and animal fats. It is an oxygenated, non-toxic, sulfur free, biodegradable, and renewable fuel which can be used in diesel engines without any significant modification. In this research work, waste pork lard methyl ester (WPLME) is obtained from inedible animal tallow, namely, waste pork lard by base-catalyzed transesterification with methanol in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst. Properties of pure diesel, pure biodiesel (B100), and its blends of 25%, 50%, and 75% by volume called B25, B50, and B75 are determined. The effects of waste pork lard methyl ester (biodiesel) addition to pure diesel on the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of naturally aspirated, direct injection, diesel engine have been experimentally investigated at the maximum torque and constant engine speed of 1500 rpm. The experimental test results showed that the addition of WPLME to diesel slightly decreases the brake thermal efficiency of the engine and increases specific fuel consumption when compared to pure diesel. This is due to lower calorific value of WPLME. The brake thermal efficiency is decreased by 6.2% and specific fuel consumption is increased by 23.5% for pure WPLME (B100) when compared to pure diesel at full load of the engine. However for B25 biodiesel blend, the brake thermal efficiency is very close to pure diesel at full load of the engine. The significant improvement in reduction of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and smoke emission is found for WPLME and its blends during higher loading conditions. For pure WPLME, CO, HC, NOx, and smoke emission are decreased by 23.1%, 31.5%, 5.15%, and 64%, respectively, when compared to pure diesel at full load of the engine. WPLME exhibited lower heat release rate and shorter ignition delay when compared to pure diesel at full load conditions. On the whole, methyl esters of waste pork lard and its blends can be used as an alternative fuel for diesel in direct injection diesel engine without any significant engine modification.
X-ray scattering characterisation of nanoparticles

This article provides, in tutorial style, a review of X-ray scattering methods commonly used to characterise nanoparticles and gives numerous case studies of basic science and industrial applications right up to the present. It is divided into two major sections, broadly covering X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering. Each section begins with a brief introduction to the technique and the information that can be obtained by using it, followed by a discussion on experimental considerations, with a particular focus on nanoparticle characterisation. The techniques and analysis methods are demonstrated by way of examples of a wide variety of nanoparticle materials and synthesis methods. Recent advances in related techniques such as anomalous scattering and pair distribution function analysis are also described and discussed.
Ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering study of second- phase particles in heat-treated Zircaloy-4

The ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) technique has been used to investigate and to quantify the morphology and size distribution of second-phase particles in Zircaloy-4 under various heat-treatment conditions. The alloy samples were solutionized in the β phase field at 1293 K for 15 min and then cooled at different rates, including water quenching, air cooling and furnace cooling. The water-quenched samples were subsequently subjected to a thermal aging treatment at 873 K for different aging times (30, 60, 120 and 300 min). The USAXS results show that water quenching and air cooling from the β phase field produces a narrow size distribution of fine-size precipitates with an average diameter of 300–800 A, while furnace cooling resulted in coarsening of the particles, with a broad size distribution having an average precipitate size of 600–1200 A. Further, the furnace-cooled sample shows a higher volume fraction of particles than the water-quenched or air-cooled sample. The USAXS results on the quenched then aged samples show that aging at 873 K for 10 min resulted in very fine size precipitates with an average diameter of 200–350 A. A rapid precipitation with the highest number density of second-phase particles amongst all the heat-treated samples (4.3 × 1020 m−3) was observed in the sample aged for 10 min at 873 K. Particles of larger size and with a broad size distribution were observed in the sample aged at 873 K for 300 min. A bimodal type of particle size distribution was observed in all the heat-treated samples. Important parameters in the characterization of second-phase particles, such as the average size, size distribution, volume fraction and number density, were evaluated and quantified. These parameters are discussed for both β heat-treated and aged specimens. Transmission and scanning transmission electron microscopy characterization were carried out on all heat-treated samples, to assist in interpretation and to substantiate the results from the USAXS measurements.
Identification of high-risk COVID-19 patients using machine learning

The current COVID-19 public health crisis, caused by SARSCoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), has produced a devastating toll both in terms of human life loss and economic disruption. In this paper we present a machine-learning algorithm capable of identifying whether a given patient (actually infected or suspected to be infected) is more likely to survive than to die, or vice-versa. We train this algorithm with historical data, including medical history, demographic data, as well as COVID-19-related information. This is extracted from a database of confirmed and suspected COVID-19 infections in Mexico, constituting the official COVID-19 data compiled and made publicly available by the Mexican Federal Government. We demonstrate that the proposed method can detect high-risk patients with high accuracy, in each of four identified treatment stages, thus improving hospital capacity planning and timely treatment. Furthermore, we show that our method can be extended to provide optimal estimators for hypothesis-testing techniques commonly-used in biological and medical statistics. We believe that our work could be of use in the context of the current pandemic in assisting medical professionals with real-time assessments so as to determine health care priorities.
Plant Response to Copper Toxicity as Affected by Plant Species and Soil Type

ABSTRACT A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the bioavailability of copper (Cu) in clay loam and sandy clay loam soil. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were grown in pots for 45 d. When mature, plants were treated for 15 additional days with 0, 100, 250, 500, or 1000 mg Cu kg−1 as CuSO4·5H2O. After harvest, Cu in soils and plant tissues was determined. In soils, applied Cu raised total and EDTA-extractible Cu. Results also revealed that the amounts of Cu extracted from sandy clay loam soil (80%) were higher than those extracted from clay loam soil (70%). In plants, increasing soil Cu concentration increased plant concentration of the metal. Plant species vary in their capacity for Cu accumulation: Lettuce has a relatively higher potential for Cu uptake and translocation than does spinach. Cu accumulation also differs among plant organs. In lettuce, metal accumulation is higher in roots than in shoots, where 60% to 80% of the total Cu of the plant is located in the roots. However, in spinach, there is no significant difference in Cu content between roots and shoots. The transfer of the metal from soil to plant is higher for plants grown on sandy clay loam soil. For a given rate of applied Cu, metal content in plant tissues is higher on sandy clay loam soil due to its higher transfer coefficient (CT) from soil to plant. Nevertheless, all crops studied showed a positive linear relationship between extractible soil Cu and plant Cu.
CD8+ T cell responses in COVID-19 convalescent individuals target conserved epitopes from multiple prominent SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants

This study examined whether CD8+ T-cell responses from COVID-19 convalescent individuals(n=30) potentially maintain recognition of the major SARS-CoV-2 variants. Out of 45 mutations assessed, only one from the B.1. 351 Spike overlapped with a low-prevalence CD8+ epitope, suggesting that virtually all anti-SARS-CoV-2 CD8+ T-cell responses should recognize these newly described variants.
Design for Cascade of Crossflow Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

The use of crossflow direct contact membrane distillation (XF-DCMD) modules allows lower velocities and volumetric flows on the brine side while still maintaining good heat-transfer coefficients. The key to using these modules in energy-efficient processes requires that the heat be recovered from the hot distillate exit stream with close temperatures of approach. This is best accomplished in a cascade of crossflow modules arranged in a manner approaching the behavior of countercurrent DCMD modules. A short-cut design method is presented to determine the number of such identical modules needed to extract maximum heat recovery between an inlet and exit brine temperature. This method is dependent on two observations: (1) existence of a unique relationship between brine temperature drop across a stage (ΔTstage) and the temperature of closest approach between brine and distillate streams at the top of the stage (ΔTend), which defines an operating line; (2) ΔTend remains relatively constant from stage to stage.
Home stay reflects symptoms severity in major depressive disorder: A multicenter observational study using geolocation data from smartphones.

Most smartphones and wearables are nowadays equipped with location sensing (using Global Positioning System and mobile network information) that enable continuous location tracking of their users. Several studies have reported that the amount of time an individual experiencing symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) spends at home a day (i.e., home stay), as well as various mobility related metrics, are associated with symptom severity in MDD. Due to the use of small and homogeneous cohorts of participants, it is uncertain whether the findings reported in those studies generalize to a broader population of individuals with the MDD symptoms. In the present study, we examined the relationship between overall severity of the depressive symptoms, as assessed by the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ - 8), and median daily home stay over the two weeks preceding the completion of a questionnaire in individuals with MDD. We used questionnaire and geolocation data of 164 participants collected in the observational Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse - Major Depressive Disorder (RADAR - MDD) study. Participant age and severity of the MDD symptoms were found to be significantly related to home stay, with older and more severely affected individuals spending more time at home. The association between home stay and symptom severity appeared to be stronger on weekdays than on weekends. Furthermore, we found a significant modulation of home stay by occupational status, with employment reducing home stay. Our findings suggest that home stay is associated with symptom severity in MDD and demonstrate the importance of accounting for confounding factors in future MDD studies.
Risk-taking behavior and sustained attention after a night shift: an observational study in healthcare professionals

Study Objectives: Night work plays an irreplaceable role in healthcare systems. However, sleep loss due to night shifts can negatively affect healthcare workers' cognition. Identifying individual variables predicting night shift tolerance may help to mitigate the negative consequences of sleep loss on workers' and patients' safety. This study aims to explore, in a healthcare workers' sample, which variables predict the possible impairment in sustained attention and increase in risk-taking behavior after a night shift. Methods: 22 healthcare workers (avg. age 39.4 {+/-} 11.5 y, 63% females) participated in the experiment. Participants wore a wrist actigraph during a night shift and the preceding 6 days. At the beginning (t0) and at the end (t1) of the night shift, they underwent an assessment of sustained attention (Psychomotor Vigilance Task, PVT) and risk-taking behavior (Balloon Analogue Risk Task, BART). Questionnaires on risk propensity (Domain-Specific Risk Taking, DOSPERT) and on demographics were also administered. Linear regression models were estimated to disentangle the effect of age, risk propensity and actigraphically-defined sleep metrics on cognitive variables. Results: Wake after sleep onset (WASO) significantly predicted t1-t0 PVT metric ''major lapses'' ("{beta}" =-0.11, p=0.0007) while age and DOSPERT significantly predicted t1-t0 BART score ("{beta}" =-0.26, p=0.023 and "{beta}" =-0.097, p=0.043, respectively). Conclusions: Sleep parameters predict the impairment in sustained attention, while the combination of age and risk propensity predicts an increase in risk-taking behavior. The implementation of measures to prevent cognitive decline during night shifts should be designed according to the type of tasks workers must accomplish.