Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF OPENCAST LIGNITE MINESOILS

The evolution of chemical and physical properties in a series of minesoils aged between 0 and 5 years, developed from spoil materials of the Meirama opencast lignite mine in Galicia (NW Spain), was studied. The soils are recovered without use of top-soil and are subject to identical management. In the surface horizon (0–7 cm), total C and N, CEC, and pyrophosphate-ex-tracted Al2O3 and Fe2O3 increased with soil age. Oxalic-oxalate-extracted Al2O3 and Fe2O3, on the other hand, increased with soil age in all the horizons studied. Rapid recovery in terms of physical properties was also observed: bulk density dropped, while total porosity, percentage of macro-pores, and hydraulic conductivity increased, and aggregates showed greater stability on immersion in water.The results indicate that mineral weathering and organometallic complexation are the dominant processes at these early stages of eda-phogenesis and that properties associated with gas exchange showed more rapid development than those associated with water movement. In spite of the above rapid modifications, the characteristics of the oldest soils in the series were still very different from those of native Galician soils.
The Impact of Zoning Ordinances on the Housing Market: Evidences for a Developing Country

Due to recent urbanization and increased population density around major Brazilian cities, the real estate market of the country suffered a great appreciation. In addition to demand-related factors, mechanisms with potential to limit the house supply may also have affected the prices increase in that market. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of zoning orders (land use regulations) on the average rent prices and on the house growth stock. Through an inter-city analysis and using matching methods, it was observed that the zoning generates an increment ranging from 4.6% to 5.46% in average rents, but does not affect the house growth. In addition, we conducted sensitivity analysis that suggests that this result is not simply driven by unobservable confounders. Our evidence suggests that even being a well-intentioned policy, zoning tends to generate social costs that need
Knowledge Factors and Their Impact on the Organisation

Research Question (RQ): The research question is whether managers in organisations recognize the benefits of knowledge management. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify the factors of knowledge which have a significant impact on the organisation. Method: We reviewed the relevant literature in the field of knowledge management. On this basis, we summarized the factors of knowledge. We performed a survey among the 69 biggest Slovenian commercial companies (public and banking sectors were excluded). Results: Research has shown that managers recognize the positive effects of knowledge. Factor analysis, with the discovery of latent variables, additionally confirmed already established facts from the research literature. This led us to the discovery that knowledge is the common denominator of all companies, regardless of the business in which they operate. Organisation: From the examined literature, we can conclude that knowledge management has a positive impact on the company's results. Identification of knowledge factors allows a more efficient use of company’s resources and enables further development of the organisation. Society: Knowledge has become a highly appreciated "resource", therefore it is necessary to be able to manage it. Knowledge is the foundation of progress, not only for the development of the company but for the entire civilization. Originality: We see the original contribution in the identification of dilemmas in building connections between knowledge management and the company's success. Limitations / further research: The research matter is extremely difficult because the evidence that knowledge is the most influencing matter of a company’s success can not be easily confirmed. The connection (we remain inside the topic of human capital) between knowledge and company's result is also manifested with other elements of the business, such as organisational culture, public relations, etc. Additional question is whether all employees in companies have the same opinion about knowledge management, namely most of the responses to our survey were received from people who are managers, directors, etc.
Leaching of cadmium, nickel, and zinc down the profile of sewage sludge-treated soil

The leachability of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) was studied in repacked 40 cm-soil columns. The hypotheses tested were that DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon) will influence the metal movement, and that this will be increased with the water application rates. Sludge was placed on the top of the columns at rates of 0, 10, and 50 t ha− 1 and two water regimes were applied, equivalent to 450 mm and 900 mm per year. It was found that at 50 t ha− 1, the total concentrations of Cd and Zn were significantly higher than the control down to a depth of 8 cm, while Ni moved to 10 cm. In the leachates collected underneath the columns, soluble forms of Ni and Zn were found in significantly higher concentrations at 50 t ha− 1 than in the control. DOC was also found in the leachates at elevated concentrations in the high sludge treatment. This indicated that sludge-evolved DOC might have played a significant role in facilitating soluble Ni and Zn transport down the soil profile. Calculations of the budget of metals (metals entering the soil columns compared to the amounts lost from columns) indicated that the elution of Ni, Zn and DOC was enhanced at 900 mm, compared to 450 mm. The results suggest the adverse environmental implications that may exist in conditions that include high precipitation, sandy soils and elevated sewage sludge application rates.
Ice core record of CO variations during the last two millennia: atmospheric implications and chemical interactions within the Greenland ice

In order to study in detail the pre-industrial CO level during the last two millennia and its temporal variations, several ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica were analysed. Our Antarctic CO results remain very close to those observed previously for the last 150 years and suggest that carbon monoxide concentration did not change greatly over Antarctica during the last two millennia. Between 1600 and 1800 AD, CO concentrations obtained in the Greenland ice are also very close to those already reported for the 1800–1850 AD period. In contrast, the oldest part of the Greenland CO profile exhibits high CO levels (100–180 ppbv) characterised by a strong variability. This part of the Greenland record likely does not reflect the true atmospheric CO concentrations. We discuss the possible processes which could have altered the atmospheric CO signal either before or after its trapping in the ice. The oxidation of organic material in the oldest part of the investigated Greenland ice appears as the most likely explanation. Because there are strong similarities between the Greenland CO and CO2 concentration profiles for the 1000–1600 AD period, mechanisms involved in both cases could be at least partly the same. Therefore, oxidation of organic materials is a serious candidate for in-situ CO2 production in the Greenland ice. Due to the fact that the Antarctic ice contains much less impurities and show no peculiar variability in CO concentrations, we are more confident about the atmospheric significance of our Antarctic CO concentration profile. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1998. t01-2-00004.
Formation of Chloropyromorphite During the Physiologically Based Extraction Test: Experimental Artifact?

Abstract We examined the potential formation of chloropyromorphite [Pb5(PO4)3Cl(s)] as an experimental artifact in the physiologically based extraction test (PBET), a common surrogate method used to assess the effectiveness of in situ phosphate-based treatment to reduce Pb bioavailability in soil. Although the conditions of the PBET are strongly thermodynamically favorable for the formation of Pb5(PO4)3Cl(s) due to the high concentrations of chloride (0.25 M) in the extraction solution, Pb precipitation was minimal (<5%) over the normal 1-h duration of the PBET. Lead concentrations in the PBET fluid did, however, decrease by 70%–85% over 5–7 days. Precipitation rates increased sharply as the glycine concentration was decreased from 0.4 M (standard PBET) to 0 M, approaching the rapid Pb5(PO4)3Cl(s) precipitation rates typically observed in aqueous solutions. Thus, we conclude that glycine substantially lowers the precipitation rate of Pb5(PO4)3Cl(s), and at the standard 0.4 M glycine concentration of the P.
Ab initio calculations of the electronic structure and optical properties of ferroelectric tetragonal

The electronic structure, charge distribution, effective charge, and charge transfer in ferroelectric tetragonal are carefully studied using a local density functional potential and a self-consistent ab initio LCAO (linear combination of atomic orbitals) method. It is shown that the band gap and low-energy conduction band can be calculated with a reasonable accuracy when the ab initio LCAO method is used with an optimum basis set of atomic orbitals. The calculated optical spectrum, band gap, and effective mass of , obtained from the calculated electronic structure, are in good agreement with experimental results.
IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTY OF FRACTIONS OF ANNONA RETICULATA (L) LEAVE

Objective: The present study has been carried out to evaluate the antioxidant property of different fractions prepared from hydro-alcoholic extract of Annona reticulata L. leave. Effort also has been made to estimate the flavonoid and phenolics content of the fractions. Method: The antioxidant activity has been studied in vitro by using Nitric oxide-scavenging assay, Free radical scavenging activity in DPPH assay and Iron chelating activity assay. Results: In Nitric oxide-scavenging assay the IC 50 values for Ethylacetate fraction, methanol fraction and residue/aqueous fraction are 476.43 µg/mL, 328.09 µg/mL and 329.61 µg/mL respectively. In DPPH assay the IC 50 values for Ethylacetate fraction, methanol fraction and residue/aqueous fraction are 87.50 µg/mL, 161.06 µg/mL and 90.36 µg/mLrespectively. The IC 50 values of the Ethylacetate fraction, methanol fraction and residue/aqueous fraction in Iron chelating assay are 210.86 µg/mL, 462.38 µg/mL and 586.14 µg/mL respectively. The flavonoid content of Ethylacetate fraction, methanol fraction and residue/aqueous fraction are 8.73, 7.45 and 8.62 respectively expressed as mg/g of Catechol. Similarly the phenol content of Ethylacetate fraction, methanol fraction and residue/aqueous fraction are 8.43, 7.25 and 6.23 respectively expressed as mg/g of Catechol. Conclusion: The results suggest that all the tested fractions are having antioxidant property, but the ethhylacetate fraction is having significantly higher flavonoid and phenol content. Due to presence of higher flavonoid and phenol content in ethylacetate fraction, it may be considered as the fraction with better pharmacological property in comparison to other tested fractions.
Coulomb blockade and quantum tunnelling in an array of metallic grains

We study the effects of Coulomb interaction and inter-grain quantum tunnelling in an array of metallic grains using the phase-functional approach for temperatures T well below the charging energy Ec of individual grains yet large compared to the level spacing in the grains. When the inter-grain tunnelling conductance , the conductivity σ in d dimensions decreases logarithmically with temperature () (Panyukov and Zaikin 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 3168, Goppert and Grabert 2000 Eur. Phys. J. B 16 687, Efetov and Tschersich 2002 Europhys. Lett. 59 114), while for , the conductivity shows simple activated behaviour (). We show, for bare tunnelling conductance , that the parameter determines the competition between charging and tunnelling effects. At low enough temperatures in the regime , a charge is shared among a finite number of grains, and we find a soft activation behaviour of the conductivity, , where z is the effective coordination number of a grain.
Sparking-induced decomposition of 10% SF6-90% N2 mixtures: effect of a solid organic insulator, oxygen and water

The chemical stability of 10% SF6-90% N2 mixtures (100 kPa pressure) has been studied under sparking in the presence or absence of an organic insulator (teflon, kel'F, polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, megelit), and/or added impurities (0.2% O2 or H2O). The study was carried out experimentally and numerically. The production rates of the main decomposition products of SF6: (SF4 + SOF2), S2F10, etc, and of products containing nitrogen, NF3, N2O, were evaluated. The results from the model led to trends similar to those observed experimentally concerning the effects on gas phase composition, of the presence of atoms such as O, H, C, etc, from the vaporized insulator and/or the added impurities. A comparison of the chemical stability of the SF6-N2 mixture with that of pure SF6 has also been made. The results can be summarized as follows: in all cases, the major byproducts formed were (SF4 + SOF2) and S2F10; the use of the SF6-N2 mixture instead of SF6 led to the decreased formation of degradation products; vaporization of an organic insulator caused an increase in the production of degradation products which was less intense for the mixture than for pure SF6; the study carried out with nitrogen-diluted SF6 showed the importance of foreign atoms (C, H, O, etc) on the proportion of SF6 that is not regenerated. Owing to their tendency to trap fluorine atoms, the impurity atoms prevent SF6 from recombining and can thus lead to the deterioration of the dielectric qualities of the gas mixture.
Thermodynamic Investigation of Viscosity and Diffusion in Binary Liquid Alloys

A simple formalism is provided to relate the viscosity and the chemical diffusion coefficient of binary liquid alloys. Only under simplified considerations, it reduces to the form of Stokes-Einstein relation. The positive and negative deviations of the viscosity from the additive rule of mixing have been ascribed to the role of energetic and size effects.
Single Scan, Sensitivity- and Gradient-Enhanced TROSY for Multidimensional NMR Experiments

The TROSY experiment 1 has been shown to increase the sensitivity of 1H-15N and 1H-13C correlation experiments by selecting the multiplet component which relaxes most slowly due to cross-correlation between dipole -dipole and chemical shift anisotropy relaxation. 2 This enhancement is most pronounced for slowly tumbling macromolecules at high magnetic field strength. 1-3 As in sensitivity-enhanced HSQC experiments, 4 he TROSY experiment can be conducted in a way where all of the magnetization components precessing during the evolution time t1 are turned into observable magnetization, increasing the sensitivity byx2 compared to the original experiment. 5 This sensitivity-enhancement scheme requires the separate storage of at least 4 scans per t1 value and some nonstandard data rearrangement before Fourier transformation. Here a gradientenhanced version of the TROSY experiment is presented which achieves the sensitivity-enhancement with a single scan per FID (two scans per t1 value), and thus, it is an attractive building block for 3D and 4D NMR as well as for amide proton-exchange experiments. Data processing is identical to that of established echo-antiecho experiments. 4
Building Positive Word-of-Mouth in the Shopping Tourism

Increasing wealth, technology and education have made tourism an important sector. Many countries have paid attention to expand and develop its tourism industry to obtain benefits. As competition becoming more intense, marketing approaches are now pursued. This research focuses in analyzing the importance of positive word-of-mouth (WOM) in the tourism sector in Indonesia. In particular, shopping as one of the important tourism activities is observed. Several key predictors of WOM are proposed such as quality perception, value perception and destination image. The population of this study is Indonesian who have shopped at Malioboro, Beringharjo Market, Legi Kotagede Market, Mirota Batik, and other souvenir centers located in Yogyakarta. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. There were 280 valid questionnaires returned and further analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling method with AMOS. The results show significant influence of destination image, perceived quality, and perceived value in the spread of WOM among shoppers in the selected areas in Yogyakarta. Perceived value and perceived quality are also significant mediating variables between destination image and positive WOM. Capability in building any dimensions from quality perception, value perception and image should always be carefully organized because they have significant influences on positive WOM.
ANTICIPATED STEREOTYPES OF FEMALE CONVICTED FELONS

The current study surveyed incarcerated women and college students, and examined the stereotypes and expected discrimination of female convicted felons. The results indicate that neither female convicted felons nor students strongly believe that female felons will face stigma or discrimination in most areas upon release. The female felons indicated they believed that they would encounter discrimination when trying to find employment, and students believed that “most people” view female felons as lazy. Thus, it appears that these are more than mere stereotypes. Many of the responses indicated that incarcerated women and college students significantly differed from one another regarding the extent to which they believe convicted female felons would face stereotyping or discrimination. Incarcerated women seemed more concerned about stigma or discrimination than college students regarding being denied employment and being perceived as untrustworthy. Students were significantly more convinced than offenders that a convicted female felon would encounter discrimination or stigma in the following areas: making new friends, building a new romantic relationship, and being seen as a danger to children, a thief, “crazy,” violent, lazy, unreliable, and a bad influence on others. These results may be helpful in educating both offenders and the community about stereotypes versus reality. Future research is needed to determine if these results are generalizable.
Modeling of macromolecular alignment in nematic virus suspensions. Application to the prediction of NMR residual dipolar couplings

The alignment of macromolecules in dilute suspensions of filamentous phages is described in terms of steric and electrostatic contributions; the former are modeled as excluded volume interactions between a viral particle and a macromolecule, and the latter are treated at the mean field level, through the Poisson−Boltzmann equation for the virus surrounded by an ion density. The virus is represented as a uniformly charged rod, whereas the relevant features of the macromolecule, i.e., shape and charge distribution, are explicitly taken into account. As an application, the residual dipolar couplings between 15N and 1H nuclear spins in the Ig-binding domain of streptococcal protein G are calculated, and their dependence on ionic strength and virus dimension or concentration is analyzed. The theoretical predictions enable us to explain the NMR observations reported for this protein.
Preparation and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of core–shell structured Fe3O4–polyaniline nanoparticles

Fe3O4 nanoparticles were first prepared by a facile oxidation–reduction method and then Fe3O4–polyaniline nanoparticles were obtained by an in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid. The microstructure and electromagnetic properties of the Fe3O4–polyaniline nanoparticles have been investigated. The Fe3O4–polyaniline nanoparticles with a core of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and a shell of polyaniline polymer are irregular spheres with an average size of 72.4 nm. An optimal reflection loss of −35.1 dB is observed at 16.7 GHz with a 1.7 mm thick layer. The excellent electromagnetic properties are ascribed to the dielectric resonance from the special core–shell microstructure and the broad and strong natural resonance from the Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
Numerical Investigation of Ignition in a Transient Turbulent Jet by Means of a PDF Method

A numerical investigation is carried out to study the ignition of a hydrogen/air mixture by a hot turbulent jet. A stand-alone probability density function method is used to model the turbulent reacting flow. In order to reduce the computational cost of chemical reactions, a reaction diffusion manifold technique is applied for an automatic mechanism reduction. The ignition delay time and the ignition length are investigated with respect to various inlet temperatures as well as the nozzle diameter and the jet inlet velocity. The simulation results reveal that immediately after a discharge of the hot exhaust gas from the nozzle, the hot gas cools down due to the strong turbulent mixing with the cold ambient mixture. However, further downstream where the turbulent mixing intensity is reduced, the heat release due to chemical reactions overcomes the heat dissipation, which eventually leads to ignition.
Dehydration, Diffusion and Entrapment of Zinc in Bentonite

Interactions with bentonite are important in the chemical speciation and fate of heavy metals in soils and other ecosystems. The interactions of Zn with bentonite were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), dehydration, kinetic and sequential extraction procedures. The species and activity of Zn retained by bentonite were affected markedly by pH. The Zn(OH)+ was retained by bentonite prepared at pH ≥ 6.9. The extent of dehydration of Zn(OH)+-bentonite was higher than that for Zn-bentonite. At a relative humidity of 55.5%, the basal spacing of the Zn(OH)+-bentonite was from 1.21 to 1.26 nm with 1 water sheet and that of the Zn-bentonite was 1.51 nm with 2 water sheets. The greater affinity of Zn(OH)+ for bentonite than Zn was associated with a lower degree of hydration. When an aqueous suspension of Ca-bentonite was incubated with soluble Zn, the concentration of Zn retained by the Ca-bentonite was linearly related to the square root of time. The rate of the interaction was controlled probably by the interlayer diffusion and subsequently by the diffusion into the ditrigonal cavities in bentonite. The Zn retained by bentonite was dehydrated in situ so as to increase the bonding of Zn with surfaces of bentonite. With hydrothermal treatment the retained Zn could diffuse easily into the cavities and transform increasingly to the residual forms that are associated with the entrapped form.
Relationship of Social Service Managers' Instrumental and Expressive Traits to Job Burnout

The EPAQ Scales, which measure positive and negative attributes of instrumentality (agency) and expressiveness (communion), were administered along with the Tedium Scale to a random sample of social service managers (n = 245). The strongest correlate of job burnout (tedium) was self-reported passive-aggressiveness, while the interaction of high instrumentality and high expressiveness was associated with lower burnout. The balance of agency and communion measured in persons and their congruence with organizational values in specific occupational environmental contexts (e.g., the social service agency) is proposed as a model for concurrent and longitudinal research studies of tedium and burnout.