Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of F-Fluciclovine Positron Emission Tomography on the Management of Patients With Recurrence of Prostate Cancer: Results From the FALCON Trial

Effect of F-Fluciclovine Positron Emission Tomography on the Management of Patients With Recurrence of Prostate Cancer: Results From the FALCON Trial Andrew F. Scarsbrook, FRCR,*,y David Bottomley, FRCR,* Eugene J. Teoh, DPhil,z Kevin M. Bradley, FRCP,x Heather Payne, FRCR,k Asim Afaq, FRCR,k Jamshed Bomanji, FRCP,k Nicholas van As, FRCR,{ Sue Chua, FRCR,{ Peter Hoskin, FRCR, Anthony Chambers, FRCR, Gary J. Cook, MD,** Victoria S. Warbey, MSc,** Sai Han, FRCP,yy Hing Y. Leung, PhD,zz,xx Albert Chau, MSc,z Matthew P. Miller, PhD,z and Fergus V. Gleeson, FRCR,kk on behalf of the FALCON study group *Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; yUniversity of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; zBlue Earth Diagnostics, Oxford, United Kingdom; xPETIC, Wales Research and Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre, Cardiff, United Kingdom; kUniversity College London Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; {The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, London, United Kingdom; **King’s College London and Guy’s & St Thomas’ PET Centre, St Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom; yyWest of Scotland PET Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; zzInstitute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; xxCRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and kkDepartments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
Global thermosphere‐ionosphere response to onset of 20 November 2003 magnetic storm

[1] There is great interest in understanding how the thermosphere-ionosphere system responds to geomagnetic storms. New insights are possible using the new generation of fully coupled three-dimensional models, together with extensive ionospheric databases. The period of postsolar maximum geomagnetic storms in October and November 2003 were some of the largest storms ever recorded. In this paper, we explore how the thermosphere-ionosphere system responded to the onset of the 20 November 2003 geomagnetic storm, using the NCAR TIMEGCM. The model simulates dramatic changes in the thermospheric equatorward winds, O/N 2 , and corresponding ionospheric electron densities. The model is used as a framework to interpret an increase in the observed ionospheric total electron content, and F region electron density, in the European and North African sector, in terms of changes in the neutral gas. Corresponding compositional effects observed by the GUVI instrument on the TIMED satellite lend credence to the model results. We describe some of the important physical processes that will affect planning for the utilization of measurements from the Geospace investigations in NASA's Living With a Star Program. The study illustrates the value of measuring both the neutral and ionized gases, of obtaining quasi-global views from imaging instruments, and the synergy between satellite data, ground-based measurements, and models.
Edinburgh Research Explorer The (Non-)Effect of Unemployment Benefits

A negative effect of unemployment on subjective well-being has been demonstrated in many studies casting substantial doubt about assumptions of decisions of individuals to choose unemployment voluntarily as the utility-maximising option. These studies have been extended to take into account national-level context factors which have been shown to moderate the relationship between unemployment and life-satisfaction. So far most studies focussed mainly on economic indicators, although demographic and cultural differences between countries also affect how unemployment is perceived. An important variable that is not included in the majority of proper multilevel studies is the extent of unemployment benefits. Traditional micro-economic approaches argue that more extensive provisions should reduce the cost of unemployment and therefore reduce the motivation to regain employment – reflected in a reduction of the negative impact of unemployment. This study investigates this claim by using European Values Study data from all European Union countries and Norway as well as harmonised macroeconomic statistics from Eurostat. It finds that the effect of unemployment on life-satisfaction is indeed moderated by economic and demographic national-level factors, but not by unemployment benefits. To what extent unemployment reduces life-satisfaction varies greatly between countries, but appears to not be influenced by the extent of state unemployment provisions.
Interannual modulation and its dynamics of the mesoscale eddy variability in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean

[1] Interannual modulation of the mesoscale eddy activity at the intraseasonal time scale in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) and a possible mechanism responsible for the modulation are investigated using the results from a high‐resolution oceanic general circulation model (OGCM). The model reproduces reasonably well the observed intraseasonal variability in the SETIO and its interannual modulation. It is shown that the simulated intraseasonal eddies are generated by baroclinic instability. The magnitude of the eddy activity in the SETIO changes year by year. From a composite analysis classified into cases in which significant eddy activity cooccurred with/without Indian Ocean Dipole (SETIO cooling) events, the meridional gradient of the heat content anomaly in the region south of Java Island is enhanced in both cases. This meridional gradient is generated by the negative heat content anomaly off Sumatra and Java in the SETIO cooling case and the positive heat content anomaly along 14°S, as well as the weak negative anomaly in the coastal region, in the no SETIO cooling case. The anomalous positive heat content along 14°S in the no SETIO cooling case is originated from the western tropical Pacific and it takes about half a year to reach the SETIO. These interannual variations in the upper ocean heat content anomaly modulate the mesoscale eddy activity in the SETIO through enhancement of the baroclinic energy conversion, with the lag of 3 months. The energy budget analysis and the simple stability analysis also confirm this result. Citation: Ogata, T. , and Y. Masumoto (2011), Interannual modulation and its dynamics of the mesoscale eddy variability in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C05005, doi:10.1029/2010JC006490.
Ground-motion simulations within ShakeMap methodology: application to the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku (Japan) and 1980 Irpinia (Italy) earthquakes

ShakeMap package uses empirical Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs) to estimate the ground motion where recorded data are not available. Recorded and estimated values are then interpolated in order to produce a shaking map associated with the seismic event of interest. The ShakeMap approach better works in regions with dense stations coverage, where the observed ground motions adequately constrain the interpolation. In poorly instrumented regions, the ground motion estimate mainly relies on the GMPE, that account only for average characteristics of source and wave propagation processes. In this study we investigated the improvement of ShakeMap in the near fault area when including synthetic estimates. We focus on the 2008, Mw 7.0, Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku (Japan) earthquake as a case study because recorded by a huge number of stations. As first we calculated the shakemaps to be used as reference maps and then removed several subsets of stations from the original data-set, replacing them with: (i) the estimations of the ground motion obtained by using a specific GMPE valid for that area, using simple source information such as the earthquake magnitude and fault geometry; (ii) the peak values from synthetic time-histories computed with a hybrid deterministicstochastic method for extended fault, using the rupture fault model obtained from the kinematic source inversion of strong-motion records. We evaluate the deviations from the reference map and the sensitivity to the number of sites where recordings are not available. Our results show that shakemaps are more and more reliable as the coverage of stations is dense and uniformly distributed in the near-source area. Moreover, the synthetics account for propagation and source properties in a more correct way than GMPE, and largely improve the results. The hybrid maps reach good fitting levels especially when synthetics are used to integrate real data and for particular strong-motion parameters and stations’ distribution.
The Use of DISC Behavioral Profiling and Training: An Innovative Pedagogical Strategy to Enhance Learning and Future Career Opportunities Through Sport Management and Sport Coaching in Higher Education Classrooms

: Implementing effective training and education programs is of critical importance for sport management and sport coaching academic education programs. This exploratory research examined the implementation and effectiveness of DISC behavioral profiling in sport management and sport coaching classrooms at the university level. Over four academic years (eight semesters), pre- and post-tests were collected from multiple samples of sport management and sport coaching students (N = 216) at two universities in the United States. Students received a personalized DISC behavioral profile and educational activities were used to enhance the value of the behavioral profiling initiatives. Using pre- and post-activity surveys of the knowledge and skills gained during in-course activities, paired sample t-test showed positive and significant results for 11 of 16 measured areas. The findings suggest that behavioral profiling tools and activities within sport management and sport coaching curricula can enhance student’s self-awareness and help develop leadership skills which will prepare for future career opportunities. Limitations and opportunities for future research are also presented.
Duck shooting in the United Kingdom

Coastal wildfowling and inland duck shooting are traditional forms of sporting shooting in the United Kingdom, currently practised by about 160,000 participants (Harradine 1983). In recent years it has become increasingly important to quantify the levels of such shooting as a contribution to its management and the conservation of the quarry species. In 1979 the British Association for Shooting and Conservation (B.A.S.C.) established its National Shooting Survey (N.S.S.) programme to obtain reliable statistics on shooting. Its main objectives are to estimate the numbers of the different species shot each year in the U . K . , including the timing and geographical distribution of the kill, and thereby con­ tribute to our ability to assess and monitor the impact of shooting on the populations. This paper summarises results on the shooting of ducks by members of the B.A.S.C. drawn from the Membership Survey of the N.S. S. programme, from 1979-80 to 1983-84. These results are then discussed in light of information from other surveys which provide the basis for estimating the total numbers of ducks shot in the United Kingdom each year.
University of Birmingham Targeting postprandial hyperglycemia with physical activity may reduce cardiovascular disease risk. But what should we do, and when is the right time to move?

Physical inactivity and excessive postprandial hyperglycemia are two major independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular-related mortality. Current health policy guidelines recommend at least 150 min of physical activity per week coupled with reduced daily sedentary behavior by interrupting prolonged sitting with bouts of light activity every 30-min. This evidence-based strategy promotes health and quality of life. Since modern lifestyle enforces physical inactivity through motorized transportation and seated ofﬁce working environments, this review examines the practical strategies (standing, walking, stair climbing, and strength-based circuit exercises) for reducing sitting time and increasing activity during the workday. Furthermore, since postprandial hyperglycemia poses the greatest relative risk for developing type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications, this review examines a novel hypothesis that interrupting sitting time would be best focused on the postprandial period in order to optimize blood glucose control and maximize cardiometabolic health. In doing so, we aim to identify the science gaps which urgently need ﬁlling if we are to optimize healthcare policy in this critical area
Element mobility during continental collision: insights from polymineralic metamorphic vein within UHP eclogite in the Dabie orogen

Metamorphic dehydration and partial melting are two important processes during continental collision. They have significant bearing on element transport at the slab interface under subduction‐zone P–T conditions. Petrological and geochemical insights into the two processes are provided by a comprehensive study of leucocratic veins in ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks. This is exemplified by this study of a polymineralic vein within phengite‐bearing UHP eclogite in the Dabie orogen. The vein is primarily composed of quartz, kyanite, epidote and phengite, with minor accessory minerals such as garnet, rutile and zircon. Primary multiphase solid inclusions occur in garnet and epidote from the both vein and host eclogite. They are composed of quartz ± K‐feldspar ± plagioclase ± K‐bearing glass and exhibit irregular to negative crystal shapes that are surrounded by weak radial cracks. This suggests their precipitation from solute‐rich metamorphic fluid/melt that involved the reaction of phengite breakdown. Zircon U–Pb dating for the vein gave two groups of concordant ages at 217 ± 2 and 210 ± 2 Ma, indicating two episodes of zircon growth in the Late Triassic. The same minerals from the two rocks give consistent δ18O and δD values, suggesting that the vein‐forming fluid was directly derived from the host UHP eclogite. The vein is much richer in phengite and epidote than the host eclogite, suggesting that the fluid is associated with remarkable concentration of such water‐soluble elements as LILE and LREE migration. Garnet and rutile in the vein exhibit much higher contents of HREE (2.2–5.7 times) and Nb–Ta (1.8–2.0 times) than those in the eclogite, indicating that these normally water‐insoluble elements became mobile and then were sunken in the vein minerals. Thus, the vein‐forming agent would be primarily composed of the UHP aqueous fluid with minor amounts of the hydrous melt, which may even become a supercritical fluid to have a capacity to transport not only LILE and LREE but also HREE and HFSE at subduction‐zone metamorphic conditions. Taken together, significant amounts of trace elements were transported by the vein‐forming fluid due to the phengite breakdown inside the UHP eclogite during exhumation of the deeply subducted continental crust.
Sedimentology and Characteristics of Dispersed Organic Matter in Tertiary Niger Delta: Origin of Source Rocks in a Deltaic Environment

Organic matter in Tertiary strata of the Niger delta is mainly a mixture of types II and III kerogen as defined by pyrolysis, has a high pristane/phytane ratio (> 1%), and is composed of the macerals vitrinite and minor liptinite. The main palynofacies are structured woody material, opaque organic matter, cuticles, pollen and spores, and minor amorphous organic matter. The geochemistry, petrology, palynofacies, and distribution data indicate a predominantly terrestrial and detrital source of the organic matter irrespective of facies, formation, or age. The distribution and abundance of the organic matter are related to both the age of the strata and depositional environment. The most significant variation is the decline in mean total organic carbon (TOC) content from late Eocene (2.2% TOC) to Pliocene strata (.90% TOC) and an associated general decline in pyrolysis-defined hydrogen index (HI) and pristane/phytane ratio. The decrease in TOC and HI in younger strata reflects increased dilution of a nearly constant supply of terrestrial organic matter with the generally higher sedimentation rates of younger strata. A simple linear dilution model accounts for about 50% of the variance in measured TOC. The low pristane/phytane ratio of younger strata may reflect less-oxidizing depositional conditions. The variation in organic matter with depositional environments and environmental depth zones (defined by foraminiferal assemblages) is significant, although less important than variation due to age. The highest TOC and HI values occur in nonmarine swamp, marsh, and floodplain deposits, reflecting proximity to the organic source. Beach, barrier and offshore bar facies have lower TOC and HI values due to selective winnowing of organic matter and greater oxidation. From continental to transition marine depth zones, a marked decline in TOC and HI occurs as a result of dilution, selective transport, and oxidation of the organic matter. From transitional to bathyal depth zones, little variation is found in TOC but a general increase is found in HI, which reflects a relative increase in more hydrogen-rich autochthonous organic matter. In all facies, autochthonous organic matter comprises less than 20% of the TOC. No interpretable variation appears in maceral or palynofacies abundance with sediment type, which probably reflects the homogeneity of the organic matter. Paradoxically, no rich source rocks occur in the Tertiary succession in the Niger delta and, as conventionally measured, the strata have little or no oil-generating potential. The poor quality of the source rocks has been more than compensated for by their great volume, by the excellent migration routes provided by interbedded permeable sands, and possibly by the relatively rapid rate of maturation. Niger delta type of source rock, although an end member in terms of general source rock composition, appears to be relatively typical of Tertiary deltas.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Archaean supracrustal rocks carry a record of mass-independently fractionated S that is interpreted to be derived from UV-induced photochemical reactions in an oxygen-deﬁcient atmosphere. Experiments with photochemical reactions of SO 2 gas have provided some insight into these processes. However, reconciling experimental results with the multiple S isotopic composition of the Archaean sedimentary record has proven diﬃcult and represents one of the outstanding issues in understanding the Archaean surface S-cycle. We present quadruple S isotope data ( 32 S, 33 S, 34 S, 36 S) for pyrite from Mesoarchaean carbonaceous sediments of the Dominion Group, South Africa, deposited in an acidic volcanic lake, which help reconcile observations from the Archaean sedimentary record with the results of photochemical experiments. The data, which show low (cid:2) 33 S/ δ 34 S ratios (mostly ≪ 1) and very negative (cid:2) 36 S/ (cid:2) 33 S ratios ( − 4 and lower), contrast with the composition of most Archaean sedimentary sulﬁdes and sulfates, having (cid:2) 36 S/ (cid:2) 33 S ∼ − 1 (the so-called ‘Archaean reference array’), but match those of modern photochemical sulfate aerosols produced in the stratosphere, following super-large volcanic eruptions, and preserved in Antarctic ice. These data are also consistent with the results of UV-irradiation experiments of SO 2 gas at variable gas pressure. The S isotope composition of the Dominion Group pyrite is here interpreted to reﬂect the products of photolysis in a low-oxygen-level atmosphere at high SO 2 pressure during large volcanic eruptions, mixed with Archaean ‘background’ (having a composition broadly similar to the Archaean reference array) S pools. It is inferred that high sedimentation rates in a terrestrial basin resulted in an instantaneously trapped input of atmospheric S during short-lasted depositional intervals, which faithfully represents transient photochemical signals in comparison with marine sedimentary records.  2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
The Reconstruction of the American Urban Landscape in the Twentieth Century

One of the most important representations of an urban spatial structure is its density. Indeed, an urban area is defined as a densely populated place with a sizeable number of inhabitants. Yet, despite the fact that the defining element of an urban area is its density, few scholars have systematically examined the long-run changes in the densities of economic activities in these areas. This paper documents the historical changes in population and employment densities in U.S. cities and metropolitan areas and explores the causes of their rise and decline between the late nineteenth and the twentieth centuries.
Furthering Information Systems Action Research: A Post-Positivist Synthesis of Four Dialectics

As authors of Information Systems (IS) Action Research (AR) studies attempt to report their results, the calls for AR research design, conduct, presentation, and evaluation guidelines must be answered to advance the maturation process of AR and move it into a more prominent position in mainstream publications. AR is a research approach that is most often associated with researchers who subscribe to an interpretive epistemology and collect qualitative data and is more common in Europe and Australia than in North America. To further IS AR, especially in North America, we offer ten recommendations based on a post-positivist synthesis of four dialectics: rigor/relevance, positivist/interpretive epistemology, quantitative/qualitative methodology, and confirmatory/disconfirmatory evidence. Any researcher may profit from developing his or her own synthesis of these four dialectics. Our synthesis reveals an innovative view of falsifiability, grounded theory methodology, triangulation, and recommendations for presentation of findings to a broad audience in mainstream research journals.