Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Na 1 /Ca 2 1 exchange and its role in intracellular Ca 2 1 regulation in guinea pig detrusor smooth muscle

Wu, C. , and C. H. Fry. Na 1 /Ca 2 1 exchange and its role in intracellular Ca 2 1 regulation in guinea pig detrusor smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 280: C1090–C1096, 2001. —The role of Na 1 /Ca 2 1 exchange in regulating intracellular Ca 2 1 concentration ([Ca 2 1 ] i ) in isolated smooth muscle cells from the guinea pig urinary bladder was investi-gated. Incremental reduction of extracellular Na 1 concentration resulted in a graded rise of [Ca 2 1 ] i ; 50–100 m M strophanthidin also increased [Ca 2 1 ] i . A small outward current accompanied the rise of [Ca 2 1 ] i in low-Na 1 solutions (17.1 6 1.8 pA in 29.4 mM Na 1 ). The quantity of Ca 2 1 inﬂux through the exchanger was estimated from the charge carried by the outward current and was ; 30 times that which is necessary to account for the rise of [Ca 2 1 ] i , after correction was made for intracellular Ca 2 1 buffering. Ca 2 1 inﬂux through the exchanger was able to load intracellular Ca 2 1 stores. It is concluded that the level of resting [Ca 2 1 ] i is not determined by the exchanger, and under resting conditions (membrane potential 2 50 to 2 60 mV), there is little net ﬂux through the exchanger. However, a small rise of intracellular Na 1 concentration would be sufﬁcient to generate signiﬁcant net Ca 2 1 inﬂux.
CORTISOL AND CAMERA-TRAPPING AS USEFUL TOOLS TO EXPLORE ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE EUROPEAN WILDCAT (FELIS

The combined use of different monitoring techniques for wildlife studies (with particular attention dedicated to felids) assumes remarkable importance to the knowledge of all those ecological and physiological variables which may affect the welfare of the target species. The quantification of glucocorticoid metabolites in hair is a non-invasive tool that provides important information regarding the endocrine status and represents a valuable method for studying potential stressors that may affect carnivores under both natural and non-natural conditions. Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid hormone of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal gland axis and is considered a standard stress indicator for animal welfare. Differences in hair cortisol concentration between subspecies such as wild and feral cats is related to either physiological and/or ecological conditions. Wildcats generally have to cope with ecological pressures (e.g., hunting for food, competition, anthropic disturbance) that may lead to an increasing allostatic load. Nevertheless, hair cortisol comparisons between felid species or subspecies in response to both natural and non-natural factors is still poorly considered. Therefore, further studies are strongly suggested. At the same time, camera-trapping, i.e., the use of remotely triggered cameras that automatically take images and/or videos of animals transiting in front of them, represents a useful tool to study species’ population parameters, as well as the interactions among species within a specific area. Such data may be combined to cortisol
A Wrong-Way Driving Crash Risk Reduction Approach for Cost-Effective Installation of Advanced Technology Wrong-Way Driving Countermeasures

Wrong-way driving (WWD) is hazardous on high-speed limited access facilities. Traditional signage and pavement markings will not always prevent intoxicated or confused drivers from entering these facilities the wrong way. To better alert wrong-way drivers, agencies can consider WWD countermeasures equipped with advanced technologies (including warning lights and detection devices) on exit ramps. However, these countermeasures can be expensive for agencies to install on entire roadways or corridors. This paper develops an innovative WWD crash risk (WWCR) reduction approach consisting of a WWCR segment model and an optimization algorithm that can be used to help agencies decide where to install WWD countermeasures. The approach examines segments of limited access facilities to determine the interchanges where advanced technology WWD countermeasures will provide the greatest reduction in WWCR based on an agency’s available resources. A hypothetical example application of this approach is shown for the Central Florida Expressway Authority toll road network. This example shows how the WWCR reduction approach can help agencies identify the optimal investment level and high-risk locations. It also shows how the optimization algorithm can provide significant cost savings compared with equipping entire roadway segments (57% savings) or corridors (83% savings). Agencies can customize the algorithm by adding constraints to represent various scenarios and make the algorithm applicable for networks ranging from single roadways to statewide systems. This WWCR reduction approach could be utilized by agencies nationwide to help them save resources and prioritize investment.
REVIEW STUDY: MANAGEMENT OF TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA

: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is one-sided confusion portrayed by brief electric stun like pain. The management is confusing as numerous patients will get medical surgery after the failure of their medicinal treatment, while others require therapeutic treatment after the long-haul viability of medical surgery gradually weakens. This literature review was established to review the available medications and their safety and effect on quality of life. In conclusion, there’s still a debate regarding the treatment of TN as yet it’s challenging as individual’s reactions to various remedial alternatives may differ extensively. Just a couple of accessible treatment alternatives have affirmed viability satisfying current norms for proof-based drug. Although, novel medical alternatives are on the ascent just because substances are in clinical testing on more numbers of patients specially for this exceptionally impairing yet uncommon disease. Result’s indicators and hazard factors for medical management failure are more methodically evaluated to an increasing extent with the goal that an individual patient-guided medication choice can be made. The constant exertion by clinicians, scientists, and the pharmaceutical business may give helpful choices that are progressively specific, tolerable and increasingly proficient for subjects diagnosed with TN.
CULTURAL PRACTICES OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES AS A BIODIVERSITY MANAGERIAL STRATEGY FOR GHANA'S ENVIRONMENT: A RETROSPECTION OF INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS

Biodiversity depletion with its adverse environmental impacts continues to be a global canker facing numerous countries of the world. To salvage the situation, various countries of the world have signed and ratiﬁed numerous international conventions and treaties that have suggested pragmatic measures that are capable of conserving global biodiversity. In these international agreements, the need for an adoption of the cultural practices of local communities as a biodiversity managerial strategy has often been stressed. Document analysis and Interpretative phenomenological analysis under the qualitative research approach guided the thorough review of some of these international conventions that Ghana is a signatory, to justify the signiﬁcant roles that cultural practices can play in the management of biodiversity in the environment. e study contends that to mitigate and eﬀectively manage the decline of biodiversity in the environment, the cultural practices of local communities must be espoused as an environmental managerial strategy. e research tasks environmentalists, policy makers and biodiversity conservationists to fully embrace and incorporate cultural practices of local communities in the planning, decision-making and management of the environment and its biodiversity resources.
Cells in A/WySnJ Mice Decreases the Life Span of B-2 But Not B-1 Bcmd

Peripheral B cells are divided into two subpopulations, B-1 and B-2, the relationship of which remains obscure. We recently showed that the Bcmd mutation in A/WySnJ mice reduces average B cell life span, yielding 90% fewer peripheral B cells. Despite this defect, A/WySnJ mice have an elevated proportion of peritoneal CD5 1 B cells, suggesting that Bcmd may be the ﬁrst B-cell-intrinsic gene to differentially affect the B-1 and B-2 subpopulations. To test this hypothesis in detail, we have used in vivo BrdU labeling and four-color cytoﬂuorometry to examine the numbers and turnover rates of sIgM 1 CD23 2 CD43 1 (B-1) and sIgM 1 CD23 1 CD43 2 (B-2) splenocytes in A/WySnJ and A/J mice. The results show the expected 90% reduction of splenic B-2 cells among A/WySnJ mice, but a normal splenic B-1 cell pool. Increased B-1 cell renewal cannot explain this undiminished pool, because BrdU labeling kinetics reveals an identical splenic B-1 subset turnover rate of ; 4%/day in both A/WySnJ and A/J strains. Thus, B-1 cells are Bcmd -independent but B-2 cells are Bcmd -dependent, suggesting Bcmd functions in a positive signaling pathway that imparts longevity to quiescent B cells, but that is not required for cycling B cells. Moreover these results show that the requisites for maturation and longevity differ between the B-1 and B-2 subsets. The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 160: 3743– 3747.
Experiencing Male Infertility: A Review of the Qualitative Research Literature

This article examines the qualitative research literature that exists in relation to men’s experiences of male infertility. Since men have often been marginalized in the realm of reproduction, including academic research on infertility, it is important to focus on any qualitative research that gives voices to male perspectives and concerns. Given the distress documented by studies of infertile women, we focus in particular on the emotive responses and lived experiences of men in relation to infertility. In this article then, we present an analysis of the core themes across 19 qualitative articles, which include “infertility as crisis”; “emoting infertility- men as “being strong”’ “infertility as a source of stigma”; and the “desire for fatherhood. ” In light of these insights, we identify key areas for future research and development including men’s emotional responses to infertility, how men seek support for infertility, the intersection between masculinity and infertility, the relationship between the desire to father and infertility, and the outcomes of infertility for men in terms of other aspects of their lives. We suggest that such research would facilitate making the experiences of men more central within our understandings of infertility within a field that has primarily been female focused. Each of the men in the study recognized that his infertility threatened the very essence of all that he had held as secure—his future family, his marriage, and his personal identity. The men had mapped out their lives, and now everything had changed.
A Retrospective Analysis of Prognostic Factors Influencing Overall Survival and Choice of Radiotherapy Fractionation in Patients with Bone Metastases Who Received Conventional 2D or 3D Palliative Radiotherapy

: Background. Bone metastases are among the most frequent complications of advanced cancers. Palliative radiotherapy regimens vary from single fraction (SFRT) to multiple fraction (MFRT). Objective: to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and factors that influence the choice of radiotherapy regimen for bone metastases. Methods. 582 patients with bone metastases irradiated between 1 January 2014 – 31 December 2017 were analyzed. OS was calculated by Kaplan – Meier method. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify factors that influenced OS, and the logistic regression model was used to identify potential predictors of radiotherapy regimen. Results. 1-, 2- and 3- year OS were 36%, 23%, and 15%, respectively. Negative prognostic factors associated with OS were multiple bone metastases (HR = 5.4), poor performance status (PS) (HR = 1.5), and brain metastases (HR = 1.37) ( p < 0.01). Spinal metastases were associated with the choice of a MFRT (OR = 2.09). A poor PS (OR = 0.55), lung (OR = 0.49), and urologic primaries (OR = 0.33) were more likely to receive SFRT ( p < 0.01). The re-irradiation rates were 0.5% after MFRT and 12% after SFRT ( p < 0.01). Conclusions. Patients with longer OS (good PS, single bone metastasis, and no brain metastases) can benefit the most from MFRT, which is less likely to require re-irradiation. SFRT remains a valid choice for patients with a more reserved outcome (poor PS, lung or urologic primaries, multiple bone metastases). hypoalbu-minemia, breast, prostate cancers; renal rapidly
Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prediction of Treatment Outcomes in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Objective Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters that reflect the tumor microenvironment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) may predict treatment response and facilitate treatment planning. This study aimed to evaluate the diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) values for predicting the treatment outcomes in NPC patients. Methods Eighty-three patients with NPC underwent pretreatment MRI simulation with diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Average values of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), Ktrans, Kep, Ve, Vp, and tumor volume of the primary tumors were measured. Other potential clinical characteristics (age, sex, staging, pathology, pretreatment Epstein-Barr virus level, and treatment type) were analyzed. Patients underwent follow-up imaging 6 months after treatment initiation. Treatment responses were assigned according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors guideline (version 1.1). Results Fifty-one patients showed complete response (CR), whereas 32 patients did not (non-CR). Univariable logistic regression with variables dichotomized by optimal cutoff values showed that ADC ≥1.45 × 10−3 mm2/s, Vp ≥0.14, tumor volume of ≥14.05 mL, high stage (stages III and IV), and Epstein-Barr virus level of ≥2300 copies/mL were predictors of non-CR (P = 0.008, 0.05, 0.01, 0.009, and 0.04, respectively). The final multivariable model, consisting of a combination of ADC ≥1.45 × 10−3 mm2/s, Vp ≥0.14, and high stage, could predict non-CR with a good discrimination ability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.76 [95% confidence interval, 0.66–0.87]; sensitivity, 62.50%; specificity, 80.39%; and accuracy 73.49%). Conclusions A multivariable prediction model using a combination of ADC ≥1.45 × 10−3 mm2/s, Vp ≥0.14, and high stage can be effective for treatment response prediction in NPC patients.
Numerical Investigation of Flow and Heat Transfer in Rectangular Microchannels with and without Semi-Elliptical Protrusions

: Micro-cooling is a growing trend in the ﬁeld of turbine blade cooling. Technical difﬁculties in the experiments of large-aspect-ratio rectangular microchannels that are commonly used in the turbine blades cause the rareness of related literature. In this study, the ﬂow characteristics and heat transfer performance of the microchannels with and without semi-ellipsoidal protrusions, whose height is 0.6 mm and width is 9 mm, are numerically investigated. In the microchannel without protrusions, when 2214 < Re < 3589, the velocity has a Λ -shaped distribution, resulting in a Λ -shaped Nu distribution on the wall. When Re > 3760, it is worth noting that from the sidewall to the middle of the channel, Nu ﬁrst decreases and then increases. In the microchannel with protrusions, when Re < 1214, the turbulence formed by the protrusion is almost all behind it and does not spread to both sides. When 1214 < Re < 2374, the turbulence caused by the protrusions gradually spreads to the middle and both sides of the channel with the increase in Re . When 2374 < Re < 3815, the turbulence caused by two columns of protrusions meet in the middle of the channel and forms stronger turbulence downstream. When Re > 3815, the ﬂow is all turbulent. The protrusions enhance the irreversibility of heat transfer and friction. The performance evaluation criteria (PEC) increases ﬁrst and then decreases with Re and the maximum value is 1.80 at Re = 2004. In this work, the details that are difﬁcult to obtain in experiments are fully analyzed to provide suggestions for the design of micro-cooling structures in gas turbine blades.
The Effect of Workplace Loneliness on Silence Behavior —The Role of Team-Member Exchange and Psychological Capital

The purpose of this study was to explore the comprehensive effects of workplace loneliness, silence behavior, team member exchange and psychological capital. At present, the research on workplace loneliness is still in the preliminary stage. Although some studies have shown that workplace loneliness has a direct impact on job outcomes, the mechanism of the two needs to be further stu-died. In this study, a phased multi-source questionnaire survey method was adopted. The questionnaires were distributed and collected, including 295 subjects. The results show that 1) workplace loneliness has a significant negative impact on team member exchange; 2) team member exchange has a significant negative impact on silence behavior; 3) team member exchange plays a mediating role between loneliness and silence behavior; 4) psychological capital moderates the direct effect of workplace loneliness on silence behavior; 5) psychological capital moderates the indirect effect of workplace loneliness on silence behavior through team member exchange. The Effect of Workplace Loneliness on Silence Behavior—The Role of Team-Member Exchange Capital.
Simulations of turbulent boundary layers with heat transfer

The present study investigates the effects of ambient free-stream turbulence (FST) on the momentum and heat transfer in a spatially developing, turbulent flat-plate boundary layer via large-eddy simulations using the ADM-RT model. Due to a local turbulence intensity Tu of 7% in the free stream, the skin-friction coefficient cf and Stanton number St are substantially elevated up to 25% and 32%, respectively, in the fully turbulent region (Reτ=300). This observation is in qualitative agreement with earlier experimental studies. Moreover, the Reynolds analogy factor is found to increase with the FST intensity Tu. The depression of both mean velocity and temperature profiles in the wake region due to FST is observed. In addition, the pre-multiplied spanwise spectra show that the outer peak residing in the logarithmic region in the case without FST is replaced by a new peak located near the boundary layer edge with a spanwise scale of about 3-4δ95. It is suggested that these large-scale events and their imprint throughout the boundary layer cause the elevation of both the skin friction and heat transfer on the solid surface.
Theoretical Study on Utilization of X-ray Techniques for Verification of Casing Cement

Establishing a hydraulic seal that prevents flow is the primary objective of any cement job, as it is essential throughout the life of a well. Evaluation of the cement in the annulus must be done to verify its quality. Tools based on acoustics are market leaders, although having limitations that may cause erroneous conclusions. It is of interest to find tools based on other principles that either replaces or supplements acoustic logs. The thesis covers briefly barrier establishment, acoustic and fiber optic principles. A preliminary investigation into x-ray viability for cement evaluation has been done. Photon interactions, generation, detection and their subsequent challenges were also discussed. Heavy emphasis was placed on Compton scattering, as this is the basis for allowing both the transmitter and detector to be placed on the same side. To determine the viability of x-rays downhole several scenarios were created. We considered a single photon traveling through casing and a selection of materials before it is reflected at an angle. Initial results based scenarios with concentric and eccentric cemented 9 5 8 casing showed that investigation of the cement-formation interface is too demanding of x-rays as it failed to provide sufficient penetration of the casing on its return. The attenuation due to Compton scattering is significant, dependent on energy level and angle of the beam it can reach 80% attenuation. The angle of reflection or transmission will provide additional attenuation due to added length of travel path for the beam. Material density must be taken into consideration, as it influences the attenuation rate of the x-rays beam. The beam experienced high degree of attenuation when passing through casing, the attenuation contrast between casing and cement was discernable. Materials such as foamed cement, seawater and gas were also investigated. All of the latter materials allowed for increased transmission compared to casing and cement. The contrast between foamed cement and seawater was low and of concern for applicability of x-rays for foamed cement evaluations. Gas channels in cement are easily detected if the size of channel is sufficient. Investigation of the cement-formation interface did not provide satisfactory results due to the inability of the beam to return to the detector before complete attenuation. Reduction of the depth of investigation may provide satisfactory results and should be investigated.
First Measurements of Inclusive W and Z Cross Sections from Run II of the Tevatron Collider

We report the ﬁrst measurements of inclusive W and Z cross sections times leptonic branching ratios for pp collisions at √ s = 1 . 96 TeV, based on their decays to electrons and muons. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 72 pb − 1 recorded with the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. We test e - µ universality in W decays, and we measure the ratio of leptonic W and Z rates from which the leptonic branching fraction B ( W → ℓν ) can be extracted as well as an indirect value for the total width of the W and the CKM matrix element, | V cs | .
Degradation Trend Prediction of Pumped Storage Unit Based on MIC-LGBM and VMD-GRU Combined Model

: The harsh operating environment aggravates the degradation of pumped storage units (PSUs). Degradation trend prediction (DTP) provides important support for the condition-based maintenance of PSUs. However, the complexity of the performance degradation index (PDI) sequence poses a severe challenge of the reliability of DTP. Additionally, the accuracy of healthy model is often ignored, resulting in an unconvincing PDI. To solve these problems, a combined DTP model that integrates the maximal information coefﬁcient (MIC), light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), variational mode decomposition (VMD) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) is proposed. Firstly, MIC-LGBM is utilized to generate a high-precision healthy model. MIC is applied to select the working parameters with the most relevance, then the LGBM is utilized to construct the healthy model. Afterwards, a performance degradation index (PDI) is generated based on the LGBM healthy model and monitoring data. Finally, the VMD-GRU prediction model is designed to achieve precise DTP under the complex PDI sequence. The proposed model is veriﬁed by applying it to a PSU located in Zhejiang province, China. The results reveal that the proposed model achieves the highest precision healthy model and the best prediction performance compared with other comparative models. The absolute average ( | AVG | ) and standard deviation ( STD ) of ﬁtting errors are reduced to 0.0275 and 0.9245, and the RMSE, MAE, and R 2 are 0.00395, 0.0032, and 0.9226 respectively, on average for two operating conditions. was used for generating the PDI. Besides, the PSU has different characteristics under different operating and DTP was carried out on the pumping condition and generating conditions, respectively. There were 207 pumping processes and 307 generating processes during PDI generation.