Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of the extent and locality of mud patches on the density and geograpidc distribution of juvenile Agulhas sole Austroglossus pectoralis (Soleidae)

The main focus of this study was to gain an understanding of the distribution of juvenile (10–24 cm Lt ) Agulhas sole and some factors that could govern their dispersal and migration. The hypothesis that the size and the locality of mud patches determine the density and geographic distribution of juvenile sole was investigated. Data from 10 trawling surveys, between 20 and 27°E along the southern Cape coast during the period 1986–1992, were analysed to assess the density and geographic distribution of juvenile Agulhas sole. Within the distribution area of Agulhas sole there are two localities which differ widely in the size of mud patches. Agulhas sole do not appear to be dependent on estuaries as nursery grounds, but juveniles were more abundant on the extensive mud patches of open marine coastal waters of the central Agulhas Bank than in large sheltered bays, with limited patches of mud, farther east. Spawning adults were found mainly on sandy sediment close to mud patches or farther offshore. The locality of spawning, in relation to the current dynamics, suggests that, on the inner shelf of the central Agulhas Bank, spawning products would not be dispersed by the Agulhas Current. However, towards the east, spawning products could be advected eastwards and sometimes be entrained in the eddies of the Agulhas Current.
Diet and seed dispersal potential of the white-lined bat, Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810), at a site in northeastern Brazil

ABSTRACT This study provides insights into the dispersal potential of Platyrrhinus lineatus and its role in habitat regeneration. The study site was an urbanized area in northeastern Brazil. Fecal samples were collected at the roost of a colony during 13 months. Seven species were present in the samples, three of which were exotic. Cecropia glaziovii, Solanum stipulaceum and Coccothrinax barbadensis predominated in the diet of the colony. The large numbers of seeds of pioneer species, and the exotic species present in the diet of the colony emphasize the role of P. lineatus in the regeneration of habitats, and its ecological flexibility.
Genetic Variability and Correlation Studies in Green Gram(Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)

Ten diverse genotypes of green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) were evaluated for yield and nine other economic traits during the kharif season of 2006 at Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut. The study revealed considerable genetic variability among ten genotypes for days to 50% flowering, days to 75% maturity, plant height (em), number of productive branches per plant, number of productive pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-seed weight (g), biological yield per plant (g), harvest Index (%) and seed yield per plant (g). High heritability coupled with high expected genetic advance observed for harvest index, pods per plant, seed yield per plant, biological yield per plant, 100-seed weight, seed per pod, plant he1ght and number of productive branches per plant revealed the preponderance of additive gene effects in the expression of these traits. Seed yield per plant exhibited positive association with harvest index followed by days to 50% flowering at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Based on these findings, it is suggested that selection may be an effective tool for the genetic improvement in mungbean.
A reevaluation of Proneotherium repenningi from the Miocene Astoria Formation of Oregon and its position as a basal odobenid (Pinnipedia: Mammalia)

Abstract New crania, dentitions, and postcrania of the fossil pinniped, Proneotherium repenningi are described from the early to middle Miocene-age Astoria Formation of Lincoln County, Oregon. This sample includes specimens of four adult individuals; all probably males. The skull of Proneotherium repenningi shares many generalized features with basal pinnipeds (e.g., species of Enaliarctos) including its overall elongation, low profile, low sagittal crest, well developed lambdoidal crests, slender zygomatic arches, small orbits, slightly arched palate, dental formulae, and distinct embrasure pit. Proneotherium, however, differs from species of Enaliarctos in possession of a continuous and horizontal crest connecting the mastoid and paroccipital processes and in having a less secodont dentition. The molariform premolar dentition of Proneotherium is noteworthy and can be interpreted as representing the initial stage in a morphologic series that extends through Neotherium to Imagotaria. This morphologic series reflects a functional change from a shearing dentition to more of a piercing dentition and from a dentition capable of processing food (i.e., chewing) to a dentition that serves primarily to seize and hold prey. The hindlimb anatomy of Proneotherium provides important information concerning the evolution of aquatic adaptations and clearly shows that many pinniped innovations (short and broad femur, long and slender tibia, and elongated metatarsals I and V [relative to metatarsal III]) evolved very early. Evaluation of available specimens of Proneotherium supports recognition of a single species, Proneotherium repenningi. A cladistic analysis utilizing 24 cranial, dental and postcranial characters supports monophyly of the genus Proneotherium and suggests a close sister group relationship with another basal walrus, Prototaria. The parsimony analysis also confirms the monophyly of the Odobenidae, which is here defined as the clade containing the most recent common ancestor of Proneotherium and Odobenus and all of its descendants including Prototaria, Neotherium, Imagotaria, the dusignathines, and the odobenines.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATES IN THE CELL WALLS OF TWO PATHOGENIC FUNGI: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

A survey of major polysaccharides occurring in cell walls of Ophiostoma ulmi and Verticillium alboatrum was performed by means of gold-complexed lectins and glycosidic enzymes. Some differences in wall carbohydrate composition and distribution were noted in these fungi. Both chitin and cellulose were found to occur in the walls of 0. ulmi whereas only chitin was present in those of V. albo-atrum. Polygalacturonic acids were identified in both fungi but a greater amount of galactose and N-acetyl-Dgalactosamine residues occurred in the walls of V. albo-atrum. In contrast, a-mannosyl and/or a-glucosyl groups were detected only in 0. ulmi cell walls. /-glucosides and sialic acid were absent in the walls of both fungi.
The effect of planting methods on yield and yield components of irrigated spring durum wheat varieties.

A field experiment was carried out during three consecutive years: 2004 2005, 2005 2006 and 2006 2007 in South-eastern Anatolian, Turkey. The objective of the study was to compare planting methods and varieties of spring durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum Desf.) for grain yield, yield components, some grain qualities and black point disease. An experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with four replications using a split plot treatment arrangement. The result revealed that planting methods had significant effect on yield and yield contributing characters except harvest index, vitreousness, protein content and black point disease. Interactions between planting methods and varieties were also significant for most yield components. Although the mean grain yield (6.29 t ha) in flat planting method was 4% higher than bed planting method (6.04 t ha), the Saricanak-98 produced the highest grain yield (6.77 t ha) with bed planting method. However, Aydin-93 produced the lowest (4.97 and 5.26 t ha) with bed and flat planting, respectively. All the yield components were significantly influenced by cultivars. Among the varieties, Saricanak-98 was the best performer in bed planting system owing to desired yield components. Also, an appropriate genotype for bed planting should have broad leaf area and ground cover due to protection the evaporation from soil in South-eastern Anatolia irrigated area. Percentage of black point disease was much less severe in wheat plants grown on bed planting than in those on flat beds. Furthermore, bed planting decreased black point disease by more than 19%. It may be concluded that bed planting method is suitable for wheat in irrigated area when appropriate genotypes are used.
Roedores miomorfos del neogeno de cataluña

EL AMBITO BIOGEOGRAFICO DE LA TESIS ABARCA TRES CUENCAS NEOGENAS: VALLES-PENEDES SEO D URGELL Y EMPORDA. EL NUMERO DE LOCALIDADES QUE HAN PRESENTADO RESULTADOS POSITIVOS EN LA PROSPECCION DE ROEDORES MIOMORFOS HA SIDO 42 DETECTANDOSE LA PRESENCIA DE 69 ESPECIES DIFERENTES PERTENECIENTES A LAS FAM. CRICETIDOE MURIDAE EORUYIDAE Y GLIVIDAE. DE ESTAS 25 ESPECIES SE CITAN POR PRIMERA VEZ EN CATALUNA 14 SE CITAN POR PRIMERA VEZ EN ESPANA Y 3 ESPECIES SON NUEVAS PARA LA CIENCIA. ADEMAS SE CREAN DOS NUEVAS SUBESPECIES Y UN NUEVO SUBGENERO. EN EL AMBITO BIOESTRATIGRAFICO SE ESTABLECEN 8 ZONAS DE ROEDORES EN EL NEOGENO DE CATALUNA DESDE EL ORLEANIENSE (MIOCENO INFERIOR) HASTA EL RUSCINIENSE (PLIOCENO INFERIOR).
Ecology and water quality parameters of Balla beel in Moulovibazar district of Bangladesh

A study was carried out to assess the ecological aspects of Balla beel ecosystem in Moulavibazar district and the affectivity of the ongoing biodiversity restoration program from July 2011 to June 2012. Seventy-four fish species belonging to 21 families were identified during the study period. About nine types of fishing methods and one type of fish aggregating device were identified in the surveyed beel. Increasing pressure of illegal current jal (gill net), ber jal (seine net) and FAD (Fish Aggregating Device) was detected as the reduction of almost all type of species. About 24 aquatic weeds were found in the Balla beel , among them both emergent and spreading were 29%, followed by floating 21%, 13% were rooted plants with floating leaves and 8% were submerged. The dissolved oxygen content 5.22±1.60 mg/l inside and 5.70±1.38 mg/l outside of the Balla beel sanctuary were found to be congenial for aquatic life. pH of the beel water both inside and outside of the sanctuary were slightly acidic to moderately alkaline (7.0±0.68 inside and 6.88±0.43 outside the sanctuary). Lower values of alkalinity and hardness indicating beel water to be less nutrient enriched. The contribution of phytoplankton (79%) was larger than zooplankton (21%). The diversity of phytoplankton both inside and outside of the sanctuary was dominated by three group Chlorophyceae, Myxophyceae and Bacillariophyceae. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 198-208
Hydrocooling on postharvest conservation of butter lettuce

Lettuce is a vegetable highly susceptible to water loss, which reduces its shelf life and increases the final cost to the consumer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hydrocooling on the postharvest shelf life of butter lettuce 'Vitoria de Santo Antao'. The lettuce heads, after selection, were subjected to the following treatments: T1= hydrocooling followed by storage at 5°C in the cold chamber; T2= storage in the cold chamber at 5°C without hydrocooling; T3= hydrocooling followed by storage at 22°C and T4= storage at 22°C without hydrocooling. We determined the shelf life, leaves mass loss, chlorophyll content, relative water content, total soluble sugars content, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and starch. The data were analyzed in split plot in a randomized block design with four replications. The hydrocooling was effective in slowing down the visual wilting of the leaves at 5 and 22°C, extending the shelf life. The hydrocooling combined with storage at 5°C maintained the leaves water balance, keeping them hydrated during storage, causing an increase of 20% in the marketing of the product, from 5 days in lettuces without hydrocooling, to 6 days when these were subjected to hydrocooling. No effect of hydrocooling in the chlorophyll content, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and starch of leaves was observed in any of the storage temperatures. The hydrocooling at 4°C during 5 minutes, followed by storage at 5°C is an effective technique to maintain the leaves water balance, promoting longer shelf life.
First Nest Description for the Genus Micrastur (Forest Falcons)

The genus Micrustur is a distinct group of six species of small to large falcons with long tails and short wings that inhabit forests from southern Mexico to Central Argentina. Little information exists on the natural habits of its members; indeed even nidification remains unknown (Brown and Amadon, Eagles, hawks and falcons of the world, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1968; Schwartz, Condor 74:399415, 1972). To my knowledge, the following is the first description of a nest for this genus. I discovered a nest of the Collared Forest Falcon (M. semitorquatus) in a canopied forest (estimated to be 20-40 m high) in southwestern Guarico state, Venezuela. The nest was 12 m from the ground in the cavity of a 38-m tree (determined from a clinometer). The Cuarico River was 200-300 m east of the nest. I found the nest around IO:00 h on 20 August 1978 and returned four hours later with three companions and tree climbing gear. I discovered one nearly fledged chick inside the nest cavity. I estimated the cavity to be about 0.50 m deep and 0.60 m wide. There were two openings into the hollow, both well sheltered from the rain and on opposite sides of the tree trunk. One was round, about 20-30 cm in diameter and at the top of the cavity. The hole appeared to be the place where a limb had broken off and since rotted. I first located the nest by hearing the chick calling and then seeing it peering out through this hole; it was probably the entrance used by the adults. The second entrance to the cavity was a vertical slit about 30 x 20 cm. Looking into the cavity from this opening, I could see no evidence of nesting material on the floor of the cavity so presumably this species of falcon, like most others, lays
Transcriptomics of Iron Limitation in Phaeocystis antarctica

Phytoplankton, the hidden trees of the ocean, are responsible for nearly half of global oxygen production. Phytoplankton growth and productivity in high-nitrate low-chlorophyll (HNLC) regions have been demonstrated to be limited by iron availability. One of the most important HNLC regions is the Southern Ocean, as it regulates Earth system climate due to its unique hydrography and consequently its phytoplankton assemblage drives the global carbon cycle. Iron fertilization experiments were conducted to understand the response of its photosynthetic assemblage to iron addition, and the nanoflagellate Phaeocystis antarctica has been reported the first to bloom. P. antarctica is ecologically important due to its contribution in global sulfur gases emissions. Thus, P. antarctica fits as an ideal model organism in understanding phytoplankton adaptation to iron limitation and functional changes following iron addition. Here the results of a transcriptomic study assessing the effect of iron repletion on P. antarctica in a time-series manner are firstly reported. A Ross Sea-endemic P. antarctica clone was acclimated under iron limitation and iron was supplemented to the cultures. RNA was extracted at 5 time-points before and after iron addition. The generated 389,846,414 paired-end Illumina reads were de novo assembled into ~88,000 putative genes, providing the first reported transcriptome of P. antarctica. Differential expression at each time-point was inferred at an adjusted p-value ≤ 0.001 and a log fold-change ≥ 5, revealing a total of 2,367 differentially expressed genes. Iron-limited P. antarctica recovered its photosynthetic fitness, colony-forming ability, and chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen contents shortly after iron addition comparable to the replete control and the reported values of healthy cells. A shift in expression from iron-economic reactive oxygen species defense and photosystem II to iron-dependent alternatives has been observed. In addition, a metabolic shift from structural carbon and nitrogen reallocation to anabolism has been observed. Transcriptomic data supports the previous studies that P. antarctica is successful in utilizing bound iron in a reductive non-ligand-dependent mechanism. Iron levels limits P. antarctica growth yet its iron requirements are the lowest among all phytoplankton species and its adaptation to iron limitation is well-established.
Studies on variability, heritability and genetic advance in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for different yield contributing characters were studied in 22 diverse germplams of brinjal. The study indicated existence of considerable amount of genetic variability for all the characters studied except plant spread, plant height and days to 50 per cent flowering. Fruit length, yield/plant and fruit weight exhibited highest values of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation (GCV and PCV). High estimates of heritability (broad sense), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and genetic advance were also observed for fruit length, yield/plant and fruit weight. These characters can be effectively improved through selection.
INDUSTRIAL PLASMA TORCHES AND APPLICATIONS

Plasma technology has given a new direction and impetus to many industrial operations by opening up a new range of mechanical, chemical and metallurgical processing techniques. The high temperatures together with the highreactivity due to the presence of free ions and radicals, make the plasma a powerful medium to promote high heat transfer rates and chemical reactions. This paper focuses on atmospheric plasmas known as thermal-plasmas produced by plasma torches. Conventionally, as in plasma cutting, welding, melting or spraying operations, the plasma torch acts as a source of highly concentrated thermal energy and the plasma-forming gas provides an inert atmosphere and helps to prevent undesirable reactions, thus ensuring the purity of the operation and the product. In contrast, the emerging trend is to use reactions, where the plasma gas enters the reaction scheme. Some of the above issues are reviewed and illustrated with examples of plasma torches developed and experiments carried out at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai.
Requirement for an additional serum factor essential for the antibody-independent activation of the classical complement sequence by Gram-negative bacteria

Killing of Salmonella minnesota and Salmonella typhimurium S and R strains in serum of nonimmune humans and guinea pigs was drastically reduced in the selective absence of C1q, C1r, Ca2+, C4, or C2, the components of the classical complement pathway. Binding of C1 and C1q to the S form and six different core-deficient R mutant strains became stronger the shorter the lipopolysaccharide molecule. C1 and C1q had, under physiological conditions, no affinity to the serum-resistant S forms, whereas these components were bound by the serum-sensitive R forms with high affinity. However, a mixture of the individual complement components C1-C9, which rapidly lysed sensitized erythrocytes, did not kill the serum-sensitive bacteria. Isolated C1 bound to these bacteria cleaved fluid-phase C4 but did not convert C2. C2 turnover could be detected only when serum was used as a source of C1 or C4, indicating that an additional serum component is necessary for the antibody-independent bactericidal effect. Functional tests indicated that this factor is a euglobulin which mediates binding of C4 to the bacteria even in the absence of C1 or after treatment with EDTA. Binding of C4 followed by the generation of C4b sites as acceptors for C2 was a prerequisite for the killing of the bacteria. The factor could not be replaced by immunoglobulin G or immunoglobulin M, nor was it blocked by preincubation with anti-immunoglobulin G or anti-immunoglobulin M.
Shared Meaning in Boy Toddlers' Peer Relations.

BRENNER, JEFFREY, and MUELLER, EDWARD. Shared Meaning in Boy Toddlers' Peer Relations. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1982, 53, 380-391. What is the content of toddlers' peer interactions? This study proposed a new way of answering this old question. Instead of demonstrating what behaviors toddlers directed to each other, we asked what themes they could share. Social interactions with a single, mutually understood theme or topic were said to possess "shared meaning. " 2 different play groups, of 6 boy toddlers each, were studied. Dyadic play sessions were videotaped throughout each year. 8 sets of dyad tapes were coded from each year, with each set being composed of all 15 possible pairs from each group. An observational coding system identified 385 social interactions and determined their length, the presence or absence of shared meaning, and specific theme. While shared meaning characterized only a small portion of playtime, toddler boys were able to share 12 identifiable themes, with the most frequent being "motor copy," "object exchange," and "object possession struggle. " The hypothesis that longer interactions tend to contain shared meaning was strongly supported by the data. Some evidence of increase in the frequency and variety of shared meanings was found in the second year of life. Also found was the tendency for shared meaning to become more frequent after interactions became longer. The utility of the concept of shared meaning for understanding toddler peer relations was discussed.
Distribution of various histopathological types of ovarian tumors: A study of 212 cases from a tertiary care center of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

BACKGROUND: Ovarian tumors are one of the leading cancers in females with variable pathological types. This study describes the distribution, clinical and pathological details of various histopathological types of ovarian tumors in a tertiary care hospital in North India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective data of 3 years were collected for ovarian tumors submitted to the pathology department of a tertiary care hospital. Data were classified according to the latest World Health Organization (WHO) Classification into epithelial tumors, germ cell tumors, sex cord–stromal tumors, and others. RESULTS: A total of 212 cases of ovarian tumors were studied, 186 were unilateral and 26 were bilateral. Resection specimen, part of specimen, and block review formed 80.2%, 15.1%, 4.7%, respectively. Epithelial tumors formed the majority in 71.7% of cases followed by germ cell tumors (22.2%), sex cord–stromal tumors (3.8%) and others (2.3%). Maximum number of cases in the respective groups occurred in the age groups 31–40, 21–30, 51–60, and 41–50 years, respectively. Overall, benign tumors were 63.7%, malignant tumors were 31.1%, and borderline were 5.2%. The most common histopathological type of benign and malignant tumor was benign serous cystadenoma (18.8%) and serous carcinoma (9.9%), respectively. CONCLUSION: In the present study, ovarian tumors were classified according to the WHO classification, epithelial and germ cell tumors were the major types of ovarian tumors. Benign epithelial tumor formed the majority with 46.2% cases. Serous cystadenoma and mature cystic teratoma were the predominant type of epithelial and germ cell tumors, respectively.