Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Current Zimbabwean Liquidity Crisis: A Review of its Precipitates

The liquidity crisis has beleaguered banks and has been bedeviling companies since 2009, after the introduction of the multi-currency system which has affected the Zimbabwean economic development. This research paper aims at investigating the causes of the liquidity crisis faced in the Zimbabwean economy. The study used survey design and researcher administered questionnaires in collecting data from the respondents located in Harare, Bulawayo, Gweru and Masvingo. Out of the 200 questionnaires issued, 150 were successfully completed and returned resulting in a response rate of 75%. The study also used secondary data obtained from government agencies on export and import performance. SPSS AMOS was used to test the hypothesis raised and generate a path model determining the size and strength of the direct and indirect influence between the predictor variables and the downstream variable. The study identifies the following antecedents of liquidity crisis; public and investor confidence, country risk, and externalization of funds, illicit financial flows, and net export performance as significant drivers that have an effect on the current liquidity crisis. The results showed that the absence of the lender of last resort role by the central bank has no significant contribution to the liquidity crisis currently obtaining. It is recommended that the government focuses on the aforementioned antecedents in order to address the liquidity crisis.
Effect of in vitro preservation on the RAPD profiles in "Koronaiki" and "Kalamata" olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.).

The present work aimed to establish a protocol to minimize the potential effect of in-vitro preservation for 8 months of the two olive cultivars i.e Koronaiki and Kalamata. Three culture conditions (treatments) were chosen to investigate the most suitable one for minimizing somaclonal variations after the process of in vitro preservation. The conditions include MS medium plus mannitol, MS medium plus low temperature and MS medium plus naphthaline acetic acid. RAPD-based fingerprinting was employed to determine the effects of the different chemical constituents and other culture conditions on the extent of somaclonal variations after 8 months of in vitro preservation at the DNA level. Four arbitrary primers (OPA-04, -07, -14 and -16) were successfully utilized to achieve such goal. The obtained results showed that Mannitol has more pronounced effect than the other investigated preservation culture and conditions for decreasing DNA alterations.
Animal Tool Behavior: The Use and Manufacture of Tools by Animals

When published in 1980, Benjamin B. Beck's Animal Tool Behavior was the first volume to catalog and analyze the complete literature on tool use and manufacture in non-human animals. Beck showed that animals-from insects to primates-employed different types of tools to solve numerous problems. His work inspired and energized legions of researchers to study the use of tools by a wide variety of species. In this revised and updated edition of the landmark publication, Robert W. Shumaker and Kristina R. Walkup join Beck to reveal the current state of knowledge regarding animal tool behavior. Through a comprehensive synthesis of the studies produced through 2010, the authors provide an updated and exact definition of tool use, identify new modes of use that have emerged in the literature, examine all forms of tool manufacture, and address common myths about non-human tool use. Specific examples involving invertebrates, birds, fish, and mammals describe the differing levels of sophistication of tool use exhibited by animals.
High frequency multiple shoot formation of pygmy groundcherry (Physalis minima): an endangered medicinal plant.

Nodal explants from field grown plants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium + 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 or 8.0 μM of N 6 -benzyladenine (BA) or Kinetin (Kin) alone or in combination with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA: 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 μM) for micropropagation of Physalis minima. The highest (78.3%) number (6.0) and long axillary shoots (3.3 cm) were produced at 0.5 μM BA after 10 days. Nodal explants from these in vitro shoots were further cultured that resulted in 1.6 mean shoots with BA. In subsequent experiment, shoot tips from formerly sub-cultured shoots on BA (4.0 μM) + IBA (2.0 μM) formed 40 shoots with 6.1 cm length on MS liquid basal medium, after 20 days. Shoots were rooted on 1⁄2 MS + IBA or αnaphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 μM alone or in combinations. The highest rooting (100%) with more than 50 roots per shoot were obtained at 1.0 μM IBA after 15 days. Rooted shoots were acclimatized for 4 weeks in greenhouse with 90% survival. Efficient and simple method using liquid basal medium has been established for high frequency multiple shoot formation with fair survival rate in the field. © 2013 Friends Science Publishers
Preference for isolated host plants facilitates invasion of Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) by a bacterial male‐killer Spiroplasma

Matrilinearly inherited endosymbiotic bacteria are estimated to occur in a third of all terrestrial arthropods. They include male killers, which are typically associated with organisms that lay their eggs in batches. Batch laying favours male‐killing bacteria because infected female larvae can cannibalise dead brothers and do not have to compete with them for larval resources. This paper tackles the paradox of high male‐killer infection rates in Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758), a butterfly that lays its eggs singly rather than in batches, making the selective advantage of male killing for the bacterium hard to understand. The study was conducted in the Nairobi region of Kenya where two substantially allopatric but seasonally migratory semispecies of Danaus chrysippus overlap and hybridise. Within this hybrid zone, but apparently not outside it, D. chrysippus hosts the endosymbiotic male killer, Spiroplasma ixodetis. In Nairobi, this bacterium can infect up to 95% of females. Semispecies D. chrysippus chrysippus and its hybrid with D. chrysippus dorippus (form transiens) are heavily infected, unlike the parental pure D. chrysippus dorippus semispecies, which may be protected by a suppressor gene. We find that: (1) adult females oviposit preferentially on isolated host plants; (2) female larvae on isolated plants survive better than on plants growing in clumps; (3) female larvae survive in greater numbers on plants removed to the laboratory compared to plants left outside; (4) high Spiroplasma infection favours female survival; and (5) high egg/larval density adversely affects adult body size. We conclude that: (1) the butterflies' preference for isolated host plants creates high egg densities and hence enables invasion by Spiroplasma; (2) male killing favours female survival through cannibalism of male eggs and the extra food‐plant resources so released; and (3) the butterfly's preference for isolated host plants may provide an enemy‐free space that protects eggs and larvae from predators and parasitoids.
Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Aloysia triphylla.

The volatile chemical constituents of Lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla) were extracted by modified steam distillation method and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Forty-three components were separated and 35 of them were determined qualitatively and quantitatively, which represented about 96.05%. The major component was citral (14.21%) and seven components were identified as main components (more than 4%) i.e., β-caryophyllene (10.71%), 1, 8-cineole (9.1%), Citronellol (8.87%), iso-menthone (6.43%), α-bergamotene (5.33%), menthonol (5.10%) and p-cymene (4.23%). The resulting oil was tested for its radical scavenging activity employing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Through all concentrations (5, 10 and 15 μL) for DPPH assay moderate radical scavenging activity compared to BHA. A. triphylla essential oil was tested against six Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, three phytopathogenic fungi and pathogenic yeast. A. triphylla essential oil exhibited an interesting antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. No antibacterial activity was observed against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. A. triphylla essential oil partially inhibited the growth of the fungal strains and pathogenic yeast was observed against Phanerochaete chysosporium, Trichoderma reesei and Candida albicans. No antifungal effect was observed against Trichoderma viride.
Potato diversity at height: multiple dimensions of farmer-driven in-situ conservation in the Andes

Botanical species and infraspecific morphological and molecular diversity represent different yet linked units of conservation. These units were used as the basis for the characterization and quantification of potato diversity at different scales of conservation: farmer family, community, geographically distanced, regional, in-situ and ex-situ subpopulations. Different methods and tools were combined for the characterization of native cultivars collected in the department of Huancavelica (Peru), including ploidy counts, morphological keys for species identification, morphological descriptor lists and genetic fingerprinting with microsatellite markers (SSR). Datasets were used for descriptive statistics, (dis)similarity analysis, dendrogram construction, cophenetic analysis, matrix correlations calculations (Mantel tests), and Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA). Farmers in Huancavelica maintain high levels of species, morphological and molecular diversity. All cultivated potato species with the exception of S. phureja and S. ajanhuiri proved to be present. Tetraploid species were most abundant followed by diploids, triploids and pentaploids. Morphological characterization of 2,481 accessions belonging to 38 in-situ collections resulted in the identification of 557 morphologically unique cultivars. Genetic fingerprinting of 989 accessions belonging to 8 in-situ collections maintained by farmer families resulted in the identification of 406 genetically unique cultivars. The principal source of molecular variation is found within rather than between geographically distanced and farmer family subpopulations. The regional in-situ and a geographically restricted subset of CIP ́s core ex-situ population share 98.84% of allelic diversity. Yet, in-situ collections contain numerous unique genotypes. Species, morphological and molecular diversity of Andean potatoes in Huancavelica, central Peru
Time lost to disease in dairy cattle : associations between two consecutive lactations

ii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 HEALTH EVENTS OF INTEREST . 9 1.1.1 Calving Injury . 9 1.1.2 Diarrhea . 11 1.1. 3 Ketosis.12 1.1. 4 Lameness . 14 1.1. 5 Left Displaced Abomasum . 16 1.1. 6 Mastitis . 18 1.1. 7 Metritis . 19 1.1. 8 Milk Fever . 21 1.1. 9 Pneumonia . 22 1.1.10 Retained Placenta . 26 1.2 SUMMARY CONSIDERATIONS . 27 CHAPTER 2: TIME LOST TO DISEASE IN DAIRY CATTLE: ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN TWO CONSECUTIVE LACTATIONS . 30 2.
Correct Immunoglobulin α mRNA Processing Depends on Specific Sequence in the Cα3-αM Intron1

The maturation of IgM-expressing B cells to IgM-secreting plasma cells is associated with both an increase in μ mRNA and the ratio of secreted to membrane forms of μ mRNA which differ at the 3′ termini. In contrast, both in vitro and in vivo the secreted form of α mRNA is predominant at all stages in the development of a secretory IgA response. Previous studies demonstrated that preferential usage of the αs poly(A) site does not result from transcription termination and is independent of either the poly(A) sites or the 3′ splice site associated with the exon encoding the membrane exon of IgA (αM). The present study demonstrates that a 349-bp region located 774 bp 3′ to the αs poly(A) site is required for the preferential usage of the αs terminus. This region, which is the first isotype-specific cis-acting regulatory sequence not immediately adjacent to a secretory poly(A) site to be identified, contains regulatory elements that increase the efficiency of polyadenylation/cleavage. A ubiquitous, ∼58-kDa RNA-binding protein interacts specifically with this regulatory region. These studies support the premise that cis-acting elements unique to each CH gene can impinge upon a common mechanism regulating Ig mRNA processing.
Carbon isotope discimination in sunflower correlates with transpiration efficiency and improved performance in dry environments

Plants incorporate isotopes of carbon into their tissue at different rates because of discrimination against 13C relative to 12C. This difference in discrimination has been negatively correlated with transpiration efficiency (TE) in many C3 species and so carbon isotope (13C/12C) discrimination ( ) of leaf tissues has been proposed as a potential tool for selecting genotypes with improved performance under water-limited conditions. While the relationship between and TE in sunflower has been described this relationship has not been investigated with material selected from a segregating population. In this study, forty hybrid combinations made by crossing lines from a population segregating for to two tester lines were evaluated in a rainout shelter experiment. For this hybrid set a genetic correlation between grain yield and of -0.9 was observed. Grain yield evaluations under field conditions of hybrids contrasting for showed that low hybrids had a yield advantage between 22-35% under dry environments (yield < 2t/ha). While this yield advantage is not expected from commercial breeding programs, computer simulations suggest that 10-15% yield improvements may be possible.
The Slim Branch and Price Method with an Application to the Hamiltonian p-median Problem

The main objective of this dissertation is to present a new exact optimization method, the Slim Branch and Price (SBP) method, which is an improvement over the traditional Branch and Price (B&P) framework. SBP can be used to solve a large class of combinatorial optimization problems that can be solved by B&P type algorithms and that have binary master problems with fixed support (i.e., the sum of the variables in any feasible solution is fixed). This is an important class of problems as it includes several classical and fundamental problems. Towards this objective, this dissertation develops three algorithms to solve an interesting optimization problem, the Hamiltonian p-median problem (HpMP), which is a generalization of the wellknown traveling salesman problem. In HpMP, the target is to find p cycles that partition a given undirected graph with the objective of minimizing the total sum of the costs of these p cycles. This dissertation is divided into three main parts with the objective of showing the superiority of SBP over B&P while using HpMP as a running example. Towards this objective, the first part presents a B&P algorithm for HpMP, the second part presents SBP and how it can be tailored to solve HpMP, and finally, the third part explains how the preprocessing techniques developed for integer programs can dramatically enhance the performance of SBP. In the first part, we devise a Branch and Price algorithm that is able to solve instances with up to 318 nodes (within acceptable optimality gaps). To achieve this, we modified the set partitioning formulation of HpMP—a minor modification yet with significant algorithmic and computational advantages. Furthermore our computational results demonstrate that the practical complexity of HpMP and the
Association of affective and cognitive empathy with various dimensions of aggression among Polish adolescents

So far, many studies have confirmed the existence of a negative relationship between empathy and aggressive behaviour. Researchers are still searching for answers on how empathic behaviour may be an inhibitor of aggressive behaviour of people of all ages. This study conducted on a sample of Polish adolescents related to the search for an association between the level of cognitive and affective empathy and different dimensions of aggression. The results confirmed that cognitive empathy has a stronger association with the behavioural dimension of aggression (physical and verbal), however, the emotional dimension of empathy correlates with the experience of affective aggression (anger) or cognitive (hostility). In addition, the results confirmed the existence of gender differences in experiencing both empathy and aggression.
Virulence Repertoire and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Shiga Toxin-Producing E.coli Isolated from Sheep and Goat Farms from Al-buhayra Egypt

Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: May 22, 2018 July 04, 2018 July 05, 2018 September 04, 2018 Shiga toxin-producing E.coli (STEC) evokes a paramount concern from the public health point of view. Many reports dealt with the characterization of STEC from large ruminants. This study aimed to investigate the presence of STEC in sheep and goats, distribution of stx1, stx2, eaeA, and hlyA genes encoding Shiga toxins, intimin, enterohemolysins, and the antimicrobial resistance index (MAR). A total of 170 samples collected from (diarrheic, apparently healthy, and milk samples) from sheep, goats, and bedding (136, 27 and 7) respectively. E.coli was detected at a rate of 71 (41.7%) distributed as 62 (44%) and 9 (31%) from sheep and goat, respectively. The prevalent serotypes were O111: H2, O26: H11, O103:H2, O55: H7, O86, O121: H7, O125: H21, and O124. The frequency of stx1 gene was 13/15 (86.7%), stx2 was 14/15 (93.3%), the eaeA gene was 8/15 (53.3%), and hlyA gene was 10/15 (66.7%). The most effective antimicrobials were Chloramphenicol, Doxycycline and Cephradine. It was clear that 6/15 (40%) of the obtained serotypes exhibited MAR index ≤0.5 while 9/15 (60%) gave MAR index ˃0.5 with a significant difference between them (P˂0.05). Hence, genotyping and antimicrobial resistance are pivotal epidemiological tools promoting felicitous control strategies against STEC serotypes. ©2018 PVJ. All rights reserved
Impact of Destination Image and Satisfaction on Word of Mouth Communication of Tourists in Sri Lanka

Word of mouth communication, country image and destination satisfaction have been identified as significant aspects in tourist industry today more than any other time as tourists make reviews on internet based on such reviews influence the prospective tourists’ behaviour. Although scholars have scrutinized in this area they are mainly limited to developed countries reflecting a gap in the literature to explore the insights in the developing countries context. Addressing such gap in the literature, this study aims to examine the impact of country image and destination satisfaction of tourists on their word of mouth communication in Sri Lanka. A survey is carried out with 354 tourists in Sri Lanka. The result uncovers that the destination satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between country image and word of mouth communication of tourists in Sri Lanka. Finally, the paper makes important implications and suggestions for practitioners as well as for academics in the field of tourism.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan, Nilai Yang Dirasakan, Dan Kepuasan Pelanggan Terhadap Minat Pembelian Kembali Layanan Bioskop The Premiere Di Jakarta

Penelitian ini menguji mengenai hubungan kualitas pelayanan, nilai yang dirasakan, dan kepuasan pelanggan dalam mempengaruhi minat pembelian kembali pada pelayanan Bioskop The Premiere di Jakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian 429 responden. Teknik analisis dengan menggunakan strukturak equation modelling (SEM) dengan software LISREL 8.51. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan mempunyai pengaruh positif terhadap nilai yang dirasakan pelanggan, dan kepuasan pelanggan. Nilai yang dirasakan pelanggan juga dinyatakan berpengaruh secara positif terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Nilai yang dirasakan pelanggan juga dinyatakan berpengaruh secara positif terhadap kepuasan pelanggan, kualitas pelayanan tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap minat pembelian kembali, nilai yang dirasakan pelanggan mempunyaipengaruh secara positif terhadap minat pembelian kembali dari pelanggan The Premiere di Jakarta. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan agar meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan khususnya pada fasilitias yang diberikan atau tampilan unsur fisik dari Bioskop The Premiere di Jakarta.
EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT CHEMICAL CLEANSERS AND DISINFECTANTS ON THE TRANSVERSE STRENGTH OF DIFFERENT DENTURE BASE MATERIALS

Denture wearers are strongly urged to practice regular oral and denture hygiene to maintain good oral and general health. Denture cleansing by chemical agents is an easily practiced method that requires simply the immersion of the denture in a commercially available solution according to the manufacturer’s instructions. In selecting a disinfectant for dental prosthesis, compatibility between the disinfectant and the type of denture base material must be considered to avoid adverse effects in it. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of over the counter denture cleansers on the transvers strength of three denture base materials. Heat cure acrylic rein, self cure acrylic rein and the Thermoplastic groups specimens were immersed for one week (5 hours per a day) in peroxide effervescent denture cleansers (Corega Tabs, & Fittydent) and finally 2% Chlorhexidine. Distilled water was used as the control group. Transvers strength was measured using three-point bending test in a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey’s tests. The results showed multi variance analysis revealed high significance p ≤ 0.005 for solutions and resin types, and the interaction of these factors on transverse strength. Conclusion: transverse strength of denture base material can be altered by the disinfectant solutions tested as well as by the type of resin.
Adrenal glands- and testes - function as an indicator of welfare in male but turkeys

In the present study an evaluation on animal welfare (AW) in male turkey BUT 9 was performed through the relative weight of adrenal glands and testes, plasma corticosterone and testosterone levels. The worsening of poultry welfare is often due to continued influence of physiological stress by unsuitable technological breeding. The aim of the study was to determine the reliability of the same indicators in the appraisal of poultry welfare of male turkeys BUT 9, reared on the litter and on a slat floor. Two consecutive experiments on a total of 80 male turkey broilers from the hybrid BUT 9 were performed. Each experiment included two groups- group I: turkeys, reared on a litter and group ,�1��WXUNH\V��UHDUHG� on a slat floor. The birds were housed in daily controlled microclimatic conditions. The breeding period lasted from the age of 1 to 115 days.
An improved synthesis of N-hydroxyamino acids and their esters using (Z)-2-furaldehyde oxime.

A series of N-hydroxyamino acids and their esters (9a, b, d-k) coupled with N-hydroxyglycinamide (9c) were synthesized through facile preparations of N-furfurylidenealkoxy (and hydroxy) carbonylalkylamine N-oxides (7a, b, d-g) and N-furfurylidenecarbamoylmethylamine N-oxide (7c) followed by hydrolysis. The method was applied to the syntheses of emimycin (1) and hadacidin monosodium salt (2b).