Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mouse Models for Human Skin Transplantation: A Systematic Review

Immunodeficient mouse models with human skin xenografts have been developed in the past decades to study different conditions of the skin. Features such as follow-up period and size of the graft are of different relevance depending on the purpose of an investigation. The aim of this study is to analyze the different mouse models grafted with human skin. A systematic review of the literature was performed in line with the PRISMA statement using MEDLINE/PubMed databases from January 1970 to June 2020. Articles describing human skin grafted onto mice were included. Animal models other than mice, skin substitutes, bioengineered skin, postmortem or fetal skin, and duplicated studies were excluded. The mouse strain, origin of human skin, graft dimensions, follow-up of the skin graft, and goals of the study were analyzed. Ninety-one models were included in the final review. Five different applications were found: physiology of the skin (25 models, mean human skin graft size 1.43 cm2 and follow-up 72.92 days), immunology and graft rejection (17 models, mean human skin graft size 1.34 cm2 and follow-up 86 days), carcinogenesis (9 models, mean human skin graft size 1.98 cm2 and follow-up 253 days), skin diseases (25 models, mean human skin graft size 1.55 cm2 and follow-up 86.48 days), and would healing/scars (15 models, mean human skin graft size 2.54 cm2 and follow-up 129 days). The follow-up period was longer in carcinogenesis models (253 ± 233.73 days), and the skin graft size was bigger in wound healing applications (2.54 ± 3.08 cm2). Depending on the research application, different models are suggested. Careful consideration regarding graft size, follow-up, immunosuppression, and costs should be analyzed and compared before choosing any of these mouse models. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of mouse models with human skin transplantation.
Do both WRAP and TRAP inhibit the recognition of the French word DRAP? Impact of orthographic markedness on cross-language orthographic priming

We investigated lexical and sub-lexical orthographic coding in bilingual visual word recognition by examining interactions between orthographic neighbourhood and markedness. In three experiments, French/English bilinguals performed a masked lexical decision task in French (L1) in which orthographically related prime words could be either marked or unmarked English (L2) words, compared to unrelated primes (e.g., wrap, trap, gift—DRAP, meaning sheet). The results yielded an overall inhibition priming effect, which was unexpectedly more robust in the marked condition than in the unmarked one. This result highlights the need to integrate both lexical competition and orthographic markedness in bilingual models such as BIA/+ and determine how the latter may modulate lexical processing in bilinguals.
Lessons learnt from MDM2 fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation analysis of 439 mature lipomatous lesions with an emphasis on atypical lipomatous tumour/well‐differentiated liposarcoma lacking cytological atypia

Amplification of the murine double minute‐2 (MDM2) gene, which is usually detected with fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH), is the key driving event for atypical lipomatous tumours (ALTs)/well‐differentiated liposarcomas (WDLs). We sought to determine the concordance between the histopathological findings and MDM2 FISH in the diagnosis of ALT/WDL, and to identify the histological features of MDM2‐amplified tumours lacking classic atypia.
MtNPF6.5 mediates chloride uptake and nitrate preference in Medicago roots

The preference for nitrate over chloride through regulation of transporters is a fundamental feature of plant ion homeostasis. We show that Medicago truncatula MtNPF6.5, an ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana AtNPF6.3/NRT1.1, can mediate nitrate and chloride uptake in Xenopus oocytes but is chloride selective and that its close homologue, MtNPF6.7, can transport nitrate and chloride but is nitrate selective. The MtNPF6.5 mutant showed greatly reduced chloride content relative to wild type, and MtNPF6.5 expression was repressed by high chloride, indicating a primary role for MtNPF6.5 in root chloride uptake. MtNPF6.5 and MtNPF6.7 were repressed and induced by nitrate, respectively, and these responses required the transcription factor MtNLP1. Moreover, loss of MtNLP1 prevented the rapid switch from chloride to nitrate as the main anion in nitrate‐starved plants after nitrate provision, providing insight into the underlying mechanism for nitrate preference. Sequence analysis revealed three sub‐types of AtNPF6.3 orthologs based on their predicted substrate‐binding residues: A (chloride selective), B (nitrate selective), and C (legume specific). The absence of B‐type AtNPF6.3 homologues in early diverged plant lineages suggests that they evolved from a chloride‐selective MtNPF6.5‐like protein.
Preconditions for nurses' perceived organizational support in healthcare: a qualitative explorative study

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to inductively explore the context-specific preconditions for nurses' perceived organizational support (POS) in healthcare organizations. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative interview study was performed, based on the critical incident technique (CIT), with 24 registered nurses in different specialities of hospital care. Findings The nurses perceived three actors as essential for their POS: the first-line manager, the overarching organization and their college. The preconditions affecting the nurses’ perceptions of organizational support were supportive structuring and structures at work, as well as individual recognition and professional acknowledgement. Originality/value Previous studies of POS have mostly had a quantitative outset. In this paper, context-specific preconditions for nurses' POS are described in depth, enabled by the qualitative approach of the study. The findings may be used to guide healthcare organizations and managers aiming to foster nurses' POS, and thereby, benefit nurses' well-being and retention, as well as healthcare quality and efficiency.
Role of cellular prion protein in splenic CD4+ T cell differentiation in cerebral ischaemic/reperfusion

Cellular prion protein (PrPC), the primary form of prion diseases pathogen, has received increasing attention for its protective effect against ischaemic stroke. Little is known about its role in peripheral immune responses after cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study is to detect the variation of splenic CD4+ T lymphocytes differentiation and the concentration of inflammatory cytokines after murine cerebral I/R injury in the context of PRNP expression as well as its influence on the ischaemic neuronal apoptosis.
Age of onset modulates resting‐state brain network dynamics in Friedreich Ataxia

This magnetoencephalography (MEG) study addresses (i) how Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) affects the sub‐second dynamics of resting‐state brain networks, (ii) the main determinants of their dynamic alterations, and (iii) how these alterations are linked with FRDA‐related changes in resting‐state functional brain connectivity (rsFC) over long timescales. For that purpose, 5 min of resting‐state MEG activity were recorded in 16 FRDA patients (mean age: 27 years, range: 12–51 years; 10 females) and matched healthy subjects. Transient brain network dynamics was assessed using hidden Markov modeling (HMM). Post hoc median‐split, nonparametric permutations and Spearman rank correlations were used for statistics. In FRDA patients, a positive correlation was found between the age of symptoms onset (ASO) and the temporal dynamics of two HMM states involving the posterior default mode network (DMN) and the temporo‐parietal junctions (TPJ). FRDA patients with an ASO <11 years presented altered temporal dynamics of those two HMM states compared with FRDA patients with an ASO > 11 years or healthy subjects. The temporal dynamics of the DMN state also correlated with minute‐long DMN rsFC. This study demonstrates that ASO is the main determinant of alterations in the sub‐second dynamics of posterior associative neocortices in FRDA patients and substantiates a direct link between sub‐second network activity and functional brain integration over long timescales.
Wait-there’s evidence for that? Integrative medicine treatments for major depressive disorder

Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders and currently affects over 17 million Americans. Up to two-thirds of patients with depression in the United States will seek complementary and alternative or integrative medical treatments and thus medical providers who treat depression should understand that many integrative medical treatments have evidence of efficacy either as monotherapies or as add-on adjuncts to other treatments. This review references guidelines from the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments and Michigan Medicine, along with an updated literature review, to provide a framework for reviewing medications or herbal formulation, as well as other therapies, which have evidence in the treatment of depression. In general, St. John’s Wort, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, and crocus sativus (saffron) have the highest levels of evidence in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression. Acetyl-l-carnitine, l-methylfolate, DHEA, and lavender have a moderate level of evidence in treating depression, whereas Vitamin D, one of the most common supplements in the United States, does not have evidence in treating depression. Of the non-medication-based therapies, exercise, light therapy, yoga, acupuncture, and probiotics have evidence in the treatment of depression, whereas a full review of dietary modifications for depression was out of scope for this article.
Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Vapers Using E-Cigarettes Exclusively: The French Vapoquid Study

Abstract Background Electronic cigarettes are increasingly being used as smoking cessation aids. Most studies assess the dual use of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes, but there remains a paucity of literature concerning individuals who use e-cigarettes exclusively. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of exclusive e-cigarette users, and consider their willingness to quit e-cigarette use. Methods: A French online survey was conducted from March to December 2017. We assessed the following factors: sociodemographic factors; the clinical characteristics of e-cigarette use and its social acceptability; and the self-perceived effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Associations between the listed factors and a willingness to quit e-cigarette use were examined. Results: A total of 386 exclusive e-cigarette users (70% men) participated in the study and were included in the analysis. Most respondents were not planning to quit e-cigarette use (75%). Compared to those who did not want to quit, a desire to quit was associated with using smoking cessation services (OR [95%CI]: 3.45 [1.82–6.56]), e-cigarette craving (OR [95%CI]: 2.63 [1.44–4.80]) and NRT past-use (1.78 [1.12–2.87]). Users who planned to quit expressed more concerns about smoking initiation among youths using e-cigarettes (OR [95%CI]: 3.62 [1.90–6.93]). In multivariate analysis, these associations remained significant for the use of smoking cessation services, e-cigarette cravings, and concerns about youth tobacco initiation. Conclusion: Most exclusive e-cigarette users were not likely to quit. Planned cessation was associated with using smoking cessation services, experiencing e-cigarette dependence symptoms, and being concerned about smoking initiation among teenager e-cigarette users.
ELF3 mediates IL‐1α induced differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to inflammatory iCAFs

Stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment regulate the immune landscape and tumor progression. Yet, the ontogeny and heterogeneity of reactive stromal cells within tumors is not well understood. Carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts exhibiting an inflammatory phenotype (iCAFs) have been identified within multiple cancers; however, mechanisms that lead to their recruitment and differentiation also remain undefined. Targeting these mechanisms therapeutically may be important in managing cancer progression. Here, we identify the ELF3 transcription factor as the canonical mediator of IL‐1α‐induced differentiation of prostate mesenchymal stem cells to an iCAF phenotype, typical of the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, IL‐1α‐induced iCAFs were subsequently refractive to TGF‐β1 induced trans‐differentiation to a myofibroblast phenotype (myCAF), another key carcinoma‐associated fibroblast subtype typical of reactive stroma in cancer. Restricted trans‐differentiation was associated with phosphorylation of the YAP protein, indicating that interplay between ELF3 action and activation of the Hippo pathway are critical for restricting trans‐differentiation of iCAFs. Together, these data show that the IL‐1α/ELF3/YAP pathways are coordinate for regulating inflammatory carcinoma‐associated fibroblast differentiation.
Effect of Changes in MS Diagnostic Criteria Over 25 Years on Time to Treatment and Prognosis in Patients With Clinically Isolated Syndrome

Background and Objectives To explore whether time to diagnosis, time to treatment initiation, and age to reach disability milestones have changed in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) according to different multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnostic criteria periods. Methods This retrospective study was based on data collected prospectively from the Barcelona-CIS cohort between 1994 and 2020. Patients were classified into 5 periods according to different MS criteria, and the times to MS diagnosis and treatment initiation were evaluated. The age at which patients with MS reached an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≥3.0 was assessed by Cox regression analysis according to diagnostic criteria periods. Last, to remove the classic Will Rogers phenomenon by which the use of different MS criteria over time might result in a changes of prognosis, the 2017 McDonald criteria were applied, and age at EDSS score ≥3.0 was assessed by Cox regression. Results In total, 1,174 patients were included. The median time from CIS to MS diagnosis and from CIS to treatment initiation showed a 77% and 82% reduction from the Poser to the McDonald 2017 diagnostic criteria periods, respectively. Patients of a given age diagnosed in more recent diagnostic criteria periods had a lower risk of reaching an EDSS score ≥3.0 than patients of the same age diagnosed in earlier diagnostic periods (reference category Poser period): adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.47 (95% confidence interval 0.24–0.90) for McDonald 2001, aHR 0.25 (0.12–0.54) for McDonald 2005, aHR 0.30 (0.12–0.75) for McDonald 2010, and aHR 0.07 (0.01–0.45) for McDonald 2017. Patients in the early-treatment group displayed an aHR of 0.53 (0.33–0.85) of reaching age at EDSS score ≥3.0 compared to those in the late-treatment group. Changes in prognosis together with early-treatment effect were maintained after the exclusion of possible bias derived from the use of different diagnostic criteria over time (Will Rogers phenomenon). Discussion A continuous decrease in the time to MS diagnosis and treatment initiation was observed across diagnostic criteria periods. Overall, patients diagnosed in more recent diagnostic criteria periods displayed a lower risk of reaching disability. The prognostic improvement is maintained after the Will Rogers phenomenon is discarded, and early treatment appears to be the most likely contributing factor.
Obstetric nurse and the factors that influence care in the delivery process

Objective: To identify the factors that influence the improvement of obstetric nurse care in the delivery process. Methods: Descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach conducted at a teaching maternity hospital located in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil with 20 obstetric nurses from the Obstetric Center. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews between June and September 2017 and was then subjected to the Thematic-Categorical Content Analysis proposed by Franco. Results: Six categories emerged from the analysis, which presented factors that favor the improvement of obstetric care in the delivery process and factors unfavorable to this care. These factors address power and gender relations among health professionals; recognition of obstetric nurses; physical space and bed occupation; interaction between woman/ companion, among others. a Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Escola de Enfermagem, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem e Saúde. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. b Pesquisadora Autônoma. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Final considerations: The factors indicated by obstetric nurses reveal the need for improvements in the working conditions by managers and changes of behavior and codes of conduct of health professionals.
Unexpected Reactions of α,β-Unsaturated Fatty Acids Provide Insight into the Mechanisms of CYP152 Peroxygenases.

CYP152 peroxygenases catalyze decarboxylation and hydroxylation of fatty acids using H2O2 as cofactor. To understand the molecular basis for the chemo- and regioselectivity of these unique P450 enzymes, herein, we analyze the activities of three representative CYP152 peroxygenases (OleTJE, P450SPα and P450BSβ) towards cis- and trans-dodecenoic acids as substrate probes. The unexpected 6S-hydroxylation of the trans-isomer and 4R-hydroxylation of the cis-isomer by OleTJE, and molecular docking results suggest that the unprecedented selectivity is likely due to OleTJE's preference of C2-C3 cis-configuration. More surprisingly, in addition to the common epoxide products, undecanal is the unexpected major product of P450SPα and P450BSβ regardless the cis/trans-configuration of substrates. The combined isotopically-labeled H218O2 tracing experiments, MD simulations and QM/MM calculations unravel an unusual mechanism for Compound I-mediated aldehyde formation, in which the active site water derived from H2O2 activation is involved in the generation of a four-membered ring lactone intermediate. These findings provide new insights into the unusual mechanisms of CYP152 peroxygenases.
Expression signature of inflammation-associated long non-coding RNAs in adult-onset Still's disease.

OBJECTIVES Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare and complex inflammatory disease with unclear immunopathogenesis. This study aims to investigate the expression signature of inflammation-associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in AOSD and to evaluate its utility for disease diagnosis and prognostication. METHODS Expression levels of lncRNAs MIAT, THRIL, NTT, RMRP, PACERR and NEAT1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from treatment-naïve AOSD patients and healthy donors were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A diagnostic scoring algorithm was built based on the expression pattern of MIAT, THRIL and RMRP, which could differentiate AOSD from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or sepsis. Our score could also predict the need of biologics in AOSD treatment. We further followed up ten AOSD patients and found that the expression of NEAT1 was positively correlated with the expression levels of MIAT, THRIL and RMRP after treatment. In poly(I:C)-stimulated THP-1 cell and primary monocytes, MIAT upregulation coupled with THRIL downregulation was similar to the expression pattern observed in AOSD. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides an AOSD diagnostic scoring system based on the expression signature of MIAT, THRIL and RMRP. Further investigations are needed to uncover the mechanisms of lncRNA dysregulation in AOSD.
Isolated diastolic hypertension and target organ damage: Findings from the STANISLAS cohort

Isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) is defined as diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥80 mmHg and systolic blood pressure (SBP) <130 mmHg according to 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines. The effective cardiovascular risk linked to IDH is debated.
Product inhibition in the glycerol oxidation over Au/TiO 2 catalyst quantified by NMR relaxation

Liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of glycerol in aqueous solutions using porous solid catalysts represents a viable strategy for the sustainable production of fine chemicals from renewable resources. Various aspects of this novel type of reactions are still under investigation. Catalyst deactivation is one of those issues that need to be understood and addressed in order to make these processes commercially viable. In a previous study it has been reported that the catalytic activity of Au/TiO 2 catalysts for the oxidation of glycerol with O 2 under basic conditions can be severely inhibited by some reaction intermediates or products. It was suggested that the presence of certain species blocks the active sites of the catalyst, preventing the adsorption of glycerol, which in turn results in a decrease of reaction rate. In this work, we used NMR relaxation time measurements in order to assess surface interactions of glycerol in Au/TiO 2 catalyst pre-treated with aqueous solutions of various oxygenates, including intermediates and products of glycerol oxidation, under basic conditions, in particular evaluating changes in glycerol adsorption properties. The NMR T 1 / T 2 ratio of glycerol, which is indicative of the strength of interaction of glycerol with the catalyst surface, traces out well the trend in catalytic activity in the presence of different additives, suggesting that adsorption of glycerol onto the catalyst surface play a crucial role in the reaction, which supports the hypothesis previously made in the literature. This experimental approach and the related results represent a significant advance in the understanding of liquid-phase catalytic reactions occurring over solid surfaces, which can be used to understand and optimise catalytic processes and the effect of intermediate and product inhibition.
Sleep, circadian rhythm and gut microbiota: alterations in Alzheimer’s disease and their potential links in the pathogenesis

ABSTRACT In recent years, emerging studies have observed gut microbiota (GM) alterations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), even in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Further, impaired sleep and circadian patterns are common symptoms of AD, while sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD) is associated with greater β-amyloid (Aβ) burden and AD risk, sometimes years before the clinical onset of AD. Moreover, reports have demonstrated that GM and its metabolites exhibit diurnal rhythmicity and the role of SCRD in dampening the GM rhythmicity and eubiosis. This review will provide an evaluation of clinical and animal studies describing GM alterations in distinct conditions, including AD, sleep and circadian disruption. It aims to identify the overlapping and distinctive GM alterations in these conditions and their contributions to pathophysiology. Although most studies are observational and use different methodologies, data indicate partial commonalities in GM alterations and unanimity at functional level. Finally, we discuss the possible interactions between SCRD and GM in AD pathogenesis, as well as several methodological improvements that are necessary for future research.