Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A person-centered examination of acculturation and psychological functioning among immigrant Chinese and Korean mothers in the United States

Objectives: The present research used a person-centered approach to examine the acculturation styles of Chinese and Korean immigrant mothers in the United States, and demographic characteristics and psychological functioning associated with each acculturation style. Methods: The sample comprised 240 first-generation Chinese immigrant mothers (CIMs; M = 37.80 years, SD = 4.55) and 222 first-generation Korean immigrant mothers (KIMs; M = 36.00 years, SD = 3.69) of preschool children. Latent Profile Analysis was used to identify latent acculturation styles among CIMs and KIMs. We further examined whether mothers’ acculturation styles were associated with their socio-demographic characteristics and psychological functioning within each cultural group. Results: Four acculturation styles were revealed among CIMs: Behaviorally-Undifferentiated/Psychologically-Assimilated, Behaviorally-Marginalized/ Psychologically-Separated, Behaviorally-Psychologically Assimilated, and BehaviorallyIntegrated, Psychologically-Undifferentiated. Three acculturation styles were uncovered among KIMs: Behaviorally-Psychologically Separated, Behaviorally-Psychologically Assimilated, and Behaviorally-Psychologically Integrated. Chinese Behaviorally-Integrated/PsychologicallyUndifferentiated mothers and Korean Behaviorally-Psychologically Separated perceived the highest levels of co-ethnic concentration in their communities. Chinese BehaviorallyMarginalized/Psychologically-Separated mothers reported poorer psychological functioning than other Chinese mothers. Korean Behaviorally-Psychologically Separated mothers had poorer psychological functioning than other Korean mothers. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Charissa, S. L. Cheah, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250. ccheah@umbc.edu. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2022 January 25. Published in final edited form as: Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol. 2021 January ; 27(1): 95–106. doi:10.1037/cdp0000430. A uhor M anscript
THE ORIGIN AND NATURE OF NORMAL HUMAN

In a previous communication (1) the physical and chemical properties of normal bovine synovial fluid were described and their significance discussed. From these data it was concluded that normal bovine synovial fluid is a dialysate of plasma containing albumin, globulin and mucin. A similar characterization of normal human synovial fluid has been made in order to determine whether its origin and nature are the same. The information obtained from normal human fluid will afford a basis for a comprehensive evaluation of pathological synovial fluids.
Contribution of base diet, voluntary fortified foods and supplements to micronutrient intakes in the UK

Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of voluntary fortified foods and supplements to reducing micronutrient shortfalls in the UK population. A secondary analysis of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey was conducted (2012/13–2013/14, N 2546, 1·5–95 years). Micronutrient intakes were derived from food consumption intake data and food composition data and calculated as the proportion below or above the Dietary Reference Values for males and females of different age groups, for those on a base diet only, users of fortified foods but no supplements and users of fortified foods and supplements. Of the population consuming a base diet only, 21–45 % and 5–29 % fell below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for minerals and vitamins, respectively. About 3–13 % fewer consumers of fortified foods fell below the EAR for vitamins and minerals. Supplements barely reduced the prevalence of intakes below the EAR. Among supplement non-users and users, 99 and 96 % failed to meet the reference intakes for vitamin D. More women than men were at risk of inadequacies of micronutrient intakes. The prevalence of inadequacies declined with increasing age. Voluntary fortified foods but not supplements made a meaningful contribution to intakes of vitamin and minerals, without risk of unacceptably high intakes. These insights may help the UK to define approaches to address micronutrients of concern in vulnerable groups.
Interactions between Mexican Native Isolates and a Metarhizium anisopliae Strain on the Mortality of Aedes aegypti Larvae

Abstract. The objective of this study was to assess interactions between mixtures of a strain and two native isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae Sorokin on yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.). Twenty-five third-instar larvae were put into 200-ml plastic containers with 135 ml of sterile double-distilled water and 15 ml of inoculum of each fungus (HIB-11, HIB-12, Ma) tested alone and in combination (HIB-11 + Ma, HIB-12 + Ma). Sterile double-distilled water (135 ml) and 7.5 ml of inoculum of each fungi in the combined treatment had 15 ml of inoculum per each dual treatment. Interaction between the isolates and M. anisopliae strain was additive, which was not observed in the lowest concentration because of an antagonistic effect at that level.
Evolution of Chromosome Number in Wild Onions (Allium, Amaryllidaceae)

Abstract Polyploidy has been shown to be a significant driver of diversification among land plants. In addition to whole-genome duplication, other common mechanisms of chromosome number evolution include increases by a multiple of 1.5 in chromosome number due to the fusion of gametes with different ploidy levels (demi-polyploidy), gains or losses of single chromosomes that alter the DNA content of an organism (aneuploidy), or chromosome fission or fusion (ascending dysploidy or descending dysploidy, respectively). Considering the high variability in chromosome number transitions across multiple clades within angiosperms and the ancient genome duplication events responsible for their diversity, more studies of large polyploid systems are necessary to close the gaps in understanding chromosomal evolution in polyploid plants. Allium L. (Amaryllidaceae) is an ideal candidate for polyploid research because it is a large clade that includes numerous natural populations of diploid and polyploid species. Species of Allium mainly occupy temperate climates in the Northern Hemisphere and include economically important ornamentals and cultivated crops such as leeks, garlic, chives, and onions. Here, we used a molecular phylogeny of Allium to examine chromosomal evolution with chromEvol v. 2.0 which uses likelihood-based methods for inferring the pattern of chromosome number change across a phylogeny. The best-fit model of chromosomal evolution indicated that chromosome transitions within Allium occurred through the constant gains and losses of single chromosomes as well as demi-polyploidization events, with the rate of chromosome gain events being approximately 2.5 to 4.5 times more likely to occur than demi-polyploidization and loss events, respectively.
Phylogeny, Classification, and Character Evolution of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae: Acalyphoideae)

Abstract Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae: Acalyphoideae) is a large, monophyletic genus distributed worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions, with a few species extending into temperate areas of southern Africa, Asia, and North and South America. We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships within the genus using DNA sequences from the plastid ndhF and trnL-F regions and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region, sampling 142 species to represent the geographic, morphologic, and taxonomic diversity with the genus, resulting in a 162 (158 in Acalypha) terminal and 3847 character combined dataset. Bayesian and maximum likelihood reconstructions based on the combined dataset yielded a tree with a generally well-supported backbone and several strongly supported clades. Our results strongly supported the monophyly of Acalypha subg. Acalypha as currently recognized but showed that A. subg. Linostachys and almost all other infrageneric taxa recognized in the most recent comprehensive classification of the genus were not monophyletic. We therefore propose a new subgeneric classification comprising A. subg. Acalypha, A. subg. Androcephala, A. subg. Hypandrae, and A. subg. Linostachys (s.s.). Our results also shed light on relationships within some species groups, including in what has been treated as a broadly defined A. amentacea, in which we recognize A. amentacea, A. palauensis comb. nov., and A. wilkesiana as distinct species. Bayesian ancestral state estimations based on the phylogeny of Acalypha demonstrated that inflorescence position and sexuality and habit show high homoplasy, especially within A. subg. Acalypha, and that inflorescence position and habit exhibit correlated evolution.
Species Delimitation of the Atlantic Forest Endemic Inga subnuda (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoid Clade) Subspecies Based on Morphological, Ecological, and Palaeoecological Data

Abstract Inga subnuda is one of 31 Inga species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and is currently treated as having two subspecies (I. subnuda subsp. subnuda and I. subnuda subsp. luschnathiana). However, due to intermixed leaf and floral traits, these subspecies are difficult to morphologically distinguish. This study aimed to better understand the boundaries of these two subspecies and to test if these taxa should be treated at the species level. Morphological variation and bioclimatic data related to the two subspecies of the complex were assessed using multivariate morphometric analyses and ecological niche modeling. Different groups were recognized using morphological quantitative characters. The climatic space was similar but not identical, and recent climatic cycles that could have shaped the current distributions of the subspecies are discussed. The results of our integrative study suggest the subspecies are distinct species. Thus, we propose changing the status of I. subnuda subsp. luschnathiana to the rank of species. The new taxon is described and illustrated. Resumo Inga subnuda é uma das 31 espécies presentes na Floresta Atlântica. A morfologia foliar e floral sobreposta dificulta o estabelecimento de limites e o tratamento taxonômico atual considera Inga subnuda como uma espécie com duas subespécies. Este trabalho visa explorar diferentes linhas de evidências para esclarecer e resolver a delimitação nas duas subespécies. As variações morfológicas e os dados bioclimáticos das duas subespécies foram avaliados através das análises morfométricas multivariadas e a modelagem de nicho ecológico. Os caracteres quantitativos permitiram o reconhecimento de táxons diferentes. O espaço climático foi similar, mas não idêntico, aliás são discutidos os recentes ciclos climáticos que poderiam ter modelado a distribuição atual. Os resultados do nosso estudo integrativo sugere considerar as duas subespécies como duas espécies diferentes, resgatando o status de espécie para I. subnuda subsp. luschnathiana. A nova delimitação de Inga luschnathiana é descrita e ilustrada.
Effect of Breast Silicone Implant Topography on Bacterial Attachment and Growth: An In Vitro Study

Background/Aim: The mechanisms underlying capsular contracture remain unclear. Emerging evidence supports the inflammation hypothesis, according to which bacteria from an adherent biofilm cause chronic inflammation and collagen deposition on the implant and trigger capsular contracture. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of different types of breast implants on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are commonly found in biofilms in infection. Materials and Methods: Bacteria were grown in tryptic soy broth at 37°C for 2, 6, and 24 h and subsequently incubated for 24 h on 12 shell sections of smooth, nano-, and macrotextured breast implants. After incubation, the solutions were ultrasonicated and bacterial numbers were determined by serial dilution. S. aureus were fixed, washed with phosphate-buffered saline, dehydrated in ethanol, and coated with a platinum film to visualize the presence of biofilms by scanning electron microscopy. Results: The numbers of S. aureus and S. epidermidis attached to the smooth and nanotextured surface implants were significantly lower than those on the macrotextured surface for all incubation times, whereas the number of P. aeruginosa was non-significantly lowest on the nanotextured surface after 24h incubation. Biofilms on smooth and nanotextured implant surfaces showed patchy patterns on scanning electron microscopy in contrast to the continuous pattern detected on macrotextured implants. Conclusion: Nanotextured breast implants may limit bacterial growth and thus prevent capsular contracture.
Pre-treatment CRP and Albumin Determines Prognosis for Unresectable Advanced Oesophageal Cancer

Background/Aim: Nutritional disorders due to cancer-related weight loss, such as cancer-impaired food passage, are prominent in many cases of advanced oesophageal cancer. Here, we investigated the nutritional factors that most affect the therapeutic effect and prognosis of unresectable oesophageal cancer. Patients and Methods: One hundred four patients diagnosed with cT4b oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma were included in this study. The values of C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, Glasgow Prognostic Score, prognostic nutritional index, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and platelet/lymphocyte ratio were calculated from the pre-treatment blood sampling results of the patients who received chemoradiotherapy, and the therapeutic effect and prognosis were analysed. Results: High- C-reactive protein/albumin group and Glasgow Prognostic Score 1 or 2 group correlated with a significantly worse prognosis compared with the low- C-reactive protein/albumin group and Glasgow Prognostic Score 0 group regarding both disease-specific survival and overall survival. Conclusion: Evaluation of pre-treatment CRP and albumin levels in locally advanced oesophageal cancer leads to useful prognostic prediction.
“Late-onset” ADHD symptoms in young adulthood: is this ADHD?

Objective: We investigated whether “late-onset” ADHD that emerges in adolescence/adulthood is similar in risk factor profile to: (1) child-onset ADHD, but emerges later because of scaffolding/compensation from childhood resources; and (2) depression, because it typically onsets in adolescence/adulthood and shows symptom and genetic overlaps with ADHD. Methods: We examined associations between late-onset ADHD and ADHD risk factors, cognitive tasks, childhood resources and depression risk factors in a population-based cohort followed-up to age 25 years (N=4224–9764). Results: Parent-rated late-onset ADHD was like child-onset persistent ADHD in associations with ADHD polygenic risk scores and cognitive task performance, although self-rated late-onset ADHD was not. Late-onset ADHD was associated with higher levels of childhood resources than child-onset ADHD and did not show strong evidence of association with depression risk factors. Conclusions: Late-onset ADHD shares characteristics with child-onset ADHD when parent-rated, but differences for self-reports require investigation. Childhood resources may delay the onset of ADHD.
Scheduling Hyperparameters to Improve Generalization: From Centralized SGD to Asynchronous SGD

This article1 studies how to schedule hyperparameters to improve generalization of both centralized single-machine stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and distributed asynchronous SGD (ASGD). SGD augmented with momentum variants (e.g., heavy ball momentum (SHB) and Nesterov’s accelerated gradient (NAG)) has been the default optimizer for many tasks, in both centralized and distributed environments. However, many advanced momentum variants, despite empirical advantage over classical SHB/NAG, introduce extra hyperparameters to tune. The error-prone tuning is the main barrier for AutoML. Centralized SGD: We first focus on centralized single-machine SGD and show how to efficiently schedule the hyperparameters of a large class of momentum variants to improve generalization. We propose a unified framework called multistage quasi-hyperbolic momentum (Multistage QHM), which covers a large family of momentum variants as its special cases (e.g., vanilla SGD/SHB/NAG). Existing works mainly focus on only scheduling learning rate α’s decay, while multistage QHM allows additional varying hyperparameters (e.g., momentum factor), and demonstrates better generalization than only tuning α. We show the convergence of multistage QHM for general non-convex objectives. Distributed SGD: We then extend our theory to distributed asynchronous SGD (ASGD), in which a parameter server distributes data batches to several worker machines and updates parameters via aggregating batch gradients from workers. We quantify the asynchrony between different workers (i.e., gradient staleness), model the dynamics of asynchronous iterations via a stochastic differential equation (SDE), and then derive a PAC-Bayesian generalization bound for ASGD. As a byproduct, we show how a moderately large learning rate helps ASGD to generalize better. Our tuning strategies have rigorous justifications rather than a blind trial-and-error as we theoretically prove why our tuning strategies could decrease our derived generalization errors in both cases. Our strategies simplify the tuning process and beat competitive optimizers in test accuracy empirically. Our codes are publicly available https://github.com/jsycsjh/centralized-asynchronous-tuning.
Federated office plug-load identification for building management systems

Energy consumption in buildings is responsible for 40 % of the final energy consumption in the European Union and the United States of America. In addition to thermal energy, buildings require electricity for all kinds of appliances. Regulatory constraints such as energy labels aim at increasing the energy efficiency of large appliances such as fridges and washing machines. However, they only partially cover plug-loads. The amount of electricity consumption of unregulated plug-loads such as mobile phones, USB chargers and kettles is continuously increasing. For European households, their share of electricity consumption reached 25 % in 2018. Additional data about the plug-loads usage can help decrease the energy consumption of buildings by improving energy management systems, applying peak-shaving or demand-side management. People live and work in buildings, making such data privacy sensitive. Federated Learning (FL) helps to leverage these data without violating regulatory frameworks such as the General Data Protection Regulation. We use a high-frequency energy data set of office appliances (BLOND) to train four appliance classifiers (CNN, LSTM, ResNet and DenseNet). We investigate the effect of different data distributions (entire dataset, IID and non-IID) and training methods on four performance metrics (accuracy, F1 score, precision and recall). The results show that a non-IID setup decreases all performance metrics for some model architectures by 44 %. However, our LSTM model even with a non-IID labels achieves similar F1 scores compared to central training. Additionally, we show the importance of client selection in FL architectures to reduce the overall training time and we quantify the decrease in network traffic compared to a central training approach, the energy consumption and scalability.
Optical anisotropy measurement in normal and cancerous tissues: backscattering technique

Investigating the deformation of tissue architecture is one of the most important clinical methods for cancer diagnosis. Optical methods are now widely developed for rapid, precise, and real-time assessment of these alterations at the microscopic scale. One of the proposed methods is enhanced backscattering (EBS) technique that allows in-vivo measurement of the optical scattering characteristics. Here, EBS technique is employed to evaluate the optical anisotropy of human epithelial tissues as a measure to distinguish between normal and cancerous one. Orientation dependence of the mean scattering length is assessed in healthy and cancerous tissues of five different human organs i. e. uterus, bladder, colon, kidney, and liver. Helicity preserving channel and rotating ground glass diffuser are utilized to eliminate the polarization induced anisotropy and the background speckle noises respectively. Analysis of the backscattering cones recorded by a high-resolution CCD camera reveals the modification of the strength and degree of optical anisotropy in different tissues during cancer progression. Pathology data affirm the correlation between the experimental results and the morphological alteration of the epithelial cells in each carcinoma type. In general, tissues with fibrous constructional cells are subject to a decrease in anisotropy due to cancer, whereas those with cuboidal cells experience an increase in anisotropy. This complementary information enhances the potency of the EBS technique as a fast, non-destructive, and easily accessible tool for real-time tissue diagnosis. © 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
Understanding salient trajectories and emerging profiles in the development of Chinese learners’ motivation: a growth mixture modeling approach

Abstract Based on the theoretical framework of the L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS), the present study aims to make a methodological contribution to L2 motivation research. With the application of a novel growth mixture modeling (GMM) technique, the study depicted developmental trajectories of three motivational variables (ideal L2 self, ought-to L2 self, and L2 learning experience) of 176 Chinese tertiary-level students over a period of two semesters. Results showed two to three salient classes with typical developmental patterns for the three motivational variables respectively, with which the study gained fresh insights into the developmental processes of motivation beyond the individual level. Our study further established three main multivariate profiles of motivation characterized by a distinct combination of different motivational variables. The findings extend our understanding of motivational dynamics, providing a nuanced picture of emergent motivational trajectories systemically. Additionally, GMM has shown to be an effective and applicable method for the identification of salient patterns in motivation development, which leads to practical implications.