Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond good and bad: Reflexive imperativism, not evaluativism, explains valence

Evaluativism by Carruthers and reflexive imperativism by Barlassina and Hayward agree that valence—the (un)pleasantness of experiences—is a natural kind shared across all affective states. But they disagree about what valence is. For evaluativism, an experience is pleasant/unpleasant in virtue of representing its worldly object as good/bad; for reflexive imperativism, an experience is pleasant/unpleasant in virtue of commanding its subject to get more/less of itself. I argue that reflexive imperativism is superior to evaluativism according to Carruthers's own standards. He maintains that a theory of valence should account for its phenomenology and role in imagination‐based decision‐making. I show that it is reflexive imperativism, rather than evaluativism, that fits this explanatory bill.
Exploratory Shopping: Attention Affects In-Store Exploration and Unplanned Purchasing

A fundamental function of retailing is to bring products into the view of shoppers, because viewing products can activate forgotten or new needs. Retailers thus employ various strategies to entice shoppers to explore the product assortment and store environment, in the hopes of stimulating unplanned purchasing. This article investigates consumers’ breadth of attention as a mechanism of such in-store exploration and hence of unplanned purchasing. Specifically, attentional breadth is the focus that is directed to a wider or more limited area in processing visual scenes. Across several lab and field experiments, the authors show that shoppers’ attentional breadth activates an exploratory mindset that stimulates visual and physical exploration of shopping environments, ultimately affecting their product choices and unplanned purchasing. The results also show that more impulsive buyers are more susceptible to these effects. The present article thus complements and constrains prior theorizing on mindset theory, attention, store exploration, and unplanned purchasing, all of which are of practical importance to both retailers and consumers.
Evaluation of the body mass index in breast cancer prognosis in a cohort of small-stature overweight patients: multi-center study in China.

Background Overweight and obesity have become a major health issue in the past 30 years. Several studies have already shown that obesity is significantly associated with a higher risk of developing breast cancer. However, few studies have assessed the prognostic value of the body mass index (BMI) in Asian populations. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the impact of BMI on the prognosis of breast cancer in overweight, under 160 cm tall patients from southern China. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 525 breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2003 to 2010 in a multi-center of China. After applying the exclusion criteria, 315 patients with complete data were retained. Their clinical and pathological characteristics were compared using the chi-square test. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using Cox regression to calculate hormone receptor status, HER-2 status, lymph node status, age, BMI and tumor size hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results There was a strong correlation between BMI and age in the baseline feature analysis (P=0.001). After grouping the patients according to the molecular type of cancer, we found that in Luminal A and B, the BMI was related to age (P=0.002, P=0.010). The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with different BMI were not significantly different. This conclusion was also reached by pairwise comparison of subgroups. There was no significant difference in recurrence in patients from different BMI groups. We did not find a critical weight threshold associated with higher risk of recurrence. There were no statistically significant differences in treatment among the three BMI groups of overweight patients. Conclusions We found that the BMI of Chinese breast cancer patients is related to age but not prognosis.
First principles investigation of anion-controlled red shift in light absorption in ZnX (X = O, S, Se) nanocluster modified rutile TiO2

There is significant interest in finding new approaches to modifying TiO2 in order to endow it with visible light driven photocatalytic activity. To date, the most widely studied approach is to dope TiO2 with metals, non-metals or both simultaneously. However, there are some serious issues associated with doping of TiO2. We have studied an alternative approach in which TiO2 surfaces are modified with nanoclusters of metal oxides and have shown that this can introduce new states into the original TiO2 band gap that permits a red shift to induce visible light absorption while enhancing the photocatalytic activity over unmodified TiO2. In this paper we extend this idea to modification of rutile TiO2 with nanoclusters of ZnO, ZnS and ZnSe, which allows us to explore the possibility of tuning the magnitude of the red shift in modified TiO2 through the choice of anion in the nanocluster modifier. We find that the adsorption energies of the nanoclusters and the interfacial geometry are strongly influenced by the nature of the anion, with the ZnSe nanoclusters the most weakly bound, arising from the large ionic radius of Se giving longer surface–nanocluster distances and thus weaker binding. The magnitude of the red shift compared to unmodified rutile (110) can be over 1 eV and is tuned by the size (or surface loading) of the nanocluster and the anion in the nanocluster. Finally, a model of the photoexcited state shows that holes localised onto low coordinated anion sites on the adsorbed nanoclusters and electrons localise onto the TiO2 surface which will reduce charge recombination and enhance the photocatalytic activity. This concept of an anion controlled red shift in light absorption in nanocluster-modified TiO2 should be extendable to other metals such as tin or lead chalcogenides.
A Comparison Study of Chaihu Shugan San and Fluoxetine on Antidepression and Regulating Blood Rheology Effects with Chronic Restrained Stress Rats

Chaihu Shugan San (CHSGS) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula that is often used in clinical practice to treat live Qi stagnation syndrome and depression. Fluoxetine is one of the commonly used drugs for the clinical treatment of depression. This study involved a comparison of CHSGS and fluoxetine on antidepression and regulating blood rheology effects with chronic restraint stress- (CRS-) induced depression rat models. Rats were induced depression models by CRS for 4 weeks. Upon successful induction of depression in the rats, the animal was administered CHSGS at 0.6 g/kg/d, 1.2 g/kg/d, or fluoxetine 1.8 mg/kg/d to corresponding groups by gavage for 2 weeks. The changes of CRS rats were determined by behavior observations and sucrose preference test and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA) axis functional status. The changes in monoamine neurotransmitters and related indicators of blood status were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), blood rheometer, and other methods. The outcome shows that CHSGS is superior to fluoxetine in regulating the appearance and HPA axis function of model rats. In addition, CHSGS and fluoxetine have similar effects in improving blood rheology, and both can alleviate the hypercoagulable state of blood via the platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (5-HT2A) pathway in rats of depression. It was also observed that CHSGS can improve the blood state of depressed rats by restoring liver coagulation-anticoagulation balance and endothelium-related functions.
Economic Granularity Interval in Decision Tree Algorithm Standardization from an Open Innovation Perspective: Towards a Platform for Sustainable Matching

In the context of the application of artificial intelligence in an intellectual property trading platform, the number of demanders and suppliers that exchange scarce resources is growing continuously. Improvement of computational power promotes matching efficiency significantly. It is necessary to greatly reduce energy consumption in order to realize the machine learning process in terminals and microprocessors in edge computing (smart phones, wearable devices, automobiles, IoT devices, etc.) and reduce the resource burden of data centers. Machine learning algorithms generated in an open community lack standardization in practice, and hence require open innovation participation to reduce computing cost, shorten algorithm running time, and improve human-machine collaborative competitiveness. The purpose of this study was to find an economic range of the granularity in a decision tree, a popular machine learning algorithm. This work addresses the research questions of what the economic tree depth interval is and what the corresponding time cost is with increasing granularity given the number of matches. This study also aimed to balance the efficiency and cost via simulation. Results show that the benefit of decreasing the tree search depth brought by the increased evaluation granularity is not linear, which means that, in a given number of candidate matches, the granularity has a definite and relatively economical range. The selection of specific evaluation granularity in this range can obtain a smaller tree depth and avoid the occurrence of low efficiency, which is the excessive increase in the time cost. Hence, the standardization of an AI algorithm is applicable to edge computing scenarios, such as an intellectual property trading platform. The economic granularity interval can not only save computing resource costs but also save AI decision-making time and avoid human decision-maker time cost.
Analyzing the Impacts of Serial Correlation and Shift on the Streamflow Variability within the Climate Regions of Contiguous United States

The spatiotemporal hydrologic variability over different regions of the contiguous United States poses the risk of droughts and floods. Understanding the historic variations in streamflow can help in accessing future hydrologic conditions. The current study investigates the historic changes in the streamflow within the climate regions of the continental United States. The streamflow records of 419 unimpaired streamflow stations were grouped into seven climate regions based on the National Climate Assessment, to evaluate the regional changes in both seasonal streamflow and yearly streamflow percentiles. The non-parametric Mann–Kendall test and Pettitt’s test were utilized to evaluate the streamflow variability as a gradual trend and abrupt shift, respectively. The Walker test was performed to test the global significance of the streamflow variability within each climate region based on local trend and shift significance of each streamflow station. The study also evaluated the presence of serial correlation in the streamflow records and its effects on both trend and shift within the climate regions of the contiguous United States for the first time. Maximum variability in terms of both trend and shift was observed for summer as compared to other seasons. Similarly, a greater number of stations showed streamflow variability for 5th and 50th percentile streamflow as compared to 95th and 100th percentile streamflow. It was also observed that serial correlation affected both trends and steps, while accounting for the lag-1 autocorrelation improved shift results. The results indicated that the streamflow variability has more likely occurred as shift as compared to the gradual trend. The outcomes of the current result detailing historic variability may help to envision future changes in streamflow. The current study may favor the water managers in developing future decisions to resolve the issues related to the streamflow variability in flood and drought-prone regions.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOTHER’S OCCUPATION, ADEQUACY LEVELS OF ENERGY AND PROTEIN WITH INFANT’S NUTRITIONAL STATUS

Infant is one of vulnerable groups that have nutritional problems. High prevalence of nutritional problems could affect nutritional status that become an important concern. The determining factor of nutritional status includes nutritional intake and maternal occupation. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal occupation and nutritional intake, with nutritional status of infants aged 6-12 months. This study used cross-sectional design, with nutrional status of infants as dependent variable; intake of the food energy sufficiency level and protein sufficiency level. Subject was selected by simple random sampling technique. The interview was conducted on 88 mothers of infants aged 6-12 months, which used questionnaire, form food recall 2x24 hours (breastfeeding and complementary feeeding), and anthropometric measurements (W/L index). Data analyzed used Spearman-Rank test and Coefficient Contingency. The results of this study showed that most of the infants had normal nutritional status (76,1%). Maternal occupation (p=0,025) had correlation with nutritional status. The food energy sufficiency level (p=0,047) had correlation with nutritional status and protein sufficiency level (p=0,016) had correlation with nutritional status. The conclusion of this study is infant who get the sufficiency level of energy and protein sufficiency level adequate has normal nutritional status. Wasting infant tend to have inadequate energy and protein intake. This study suggest mothers to give complementary feeding appropriately the quantity and according to the stage of giving food to infant. Keywords: maternal occupation, nutritional status of infant, the sufficiency level of energy, protein sufficiency level
Evaluation of Impingement and Filtration Methods for Yeast Bioaerosol Sampling

Yeast was one of the most prevalent groups isolated from field fungal samples. To provide a quantitative basis for determining the airborne yeast concentration, the bioefficiency of three sampling methods as well as the effects of relative humidity, sampling time, and flow rates were evaluated. The experiments were performed on the basis of total recovery, which was the ratio of CFU concentration and total particle concentration measured by an aerodynamic particle sizer. The bioefficiency results demonstrated that the total recovery of airborne yeast collected by the AGI-30 impinger was above 80% at 70% relative humidity, while it decreased rapidly as relative humidity decreased beneath 60%. This might be related to undergoing desiccation and losing culturability before collection for yeast cells following bioaerosol generation from liquid suspension. The filtration outcome indicated that dehydration effects were significant and total recovery was < 20% for Nuclepore and gelatin filters. In addition, no s.
Sesquiterpenoids. Part XLVII. Structure, configuration, conformation, and thermal rearrangement of furanodienone, isofuranodienone, curzerenone, epicurzerenone, and pyrocurzerenone, sesquiterpenoids of Curcuma zedoaria

Five new furo-sesquiterpenoids, furanodienone [(1E,4E)-8,12-epoxygermacra-1(10),4,7,11-tetraen-6-one](1), isofuranodienone [(1E,4Z)-8,12-epoxygermacra-1(10),4,7,11-tetraen-6-one](2), curzerenone [6,7-dihydro-5β-isopropenyl-3,6β-dimethyl-6-vinylbenzofuran-4(5H)-one](3), epicurzerenone [6,7-dihydro-5α-isopropenyl-3,6β-dimethyl-6-vinylbenzofuran-4(5H)-one](4), and pyrocurzerenone [6,7-dihydro-1,5,8-trimethylnaphtho-[2,1-b]furan)(15) have been isolated from the rhizomes of Curcurma zedoaria Roscoe, and their structures have been elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. The conformation of the ten-membered ring in (1) and (2) has been determined by use of the intramolecular internuclear Overhauser effect. Thermal rearrangements of these sesquiterpenoids are described.
Direct determination of P, V, Mn, As, Mo, Ba and U in seawater by SF-ICP-MS

A rapid high-throughput method is presented for the determination of trace elements (P, V, Mn, As, Mo, Ba and U) in seawater with application to tracing ballast water exchange in ocean-going vessels. By employing direct flow injection and methane addition the method is capable of >700 continuous determinations of ten-fold diluted seawater samples in less than 30 h. The utility and resolution of elemental tracers are enhanced when accuracy and precision are sufficient to provide determination errors that are negligible relative to oceanic variations. Here we demonstrate long-term precision <±7% (2-SD) and accuracy within the certified (2-SD) values for NASS-5 (n = 103; ten different analytical dates). Although all our values either agree very well (<5%; V and U) with suggested values or fall within (2-SD; Mn, As and Mo) the certified range of NASS-5, better agreement for Mo is expected. Our determined value of 9.1 μg L−1 for Mo is more oceanographically consistent and in better agreement with other studies than the certified value (9.6 μg L−1) and likely represents a more accurate value for NASS-5. We also suggest values of 17.7 μg L−1 for P and 5.1 μg L−1 for Ba, two elements that are uncertified and have no listed informative values. The new method could be expanded and applied to other problems in seawater analysis requiring high precision and sample throughput.
Elevation Changes of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from Joint Envisat and CryoSat-2 Radar Altimetry

The elevation changes of ice sheets have been recognized as an essential climate variable. Long-term time series of these changes are an important parameter to understand climate change, and the longest time-series of ice sheet elevation changes can be derived from combining multiple Ku-band satellite altimetry missions. However, unresolved intermission biases obscure the record. Here, we revise the mathematical model commonly used in the literature to simultaneously correct for intermission bias and ascending–descending bias to ensure the self-consistency and cohesion of the elevation time series across missions. This updated approach is applied to combine Envisat and CryoSat-2 radar altimetry in the period of 2002–2019. We tested this approach by validating it against airborne and satellite laser altimetry. Combining the detailed temporal and spatial evolution of elevation changes with firn densification-modeled volume changes due to surface processes, we found that the Amundsen Sea sector accounts for most of the total volume loss of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS), mainly from ice dynamics. However, surface processes dominate the volume changes in the key regions, such as the Totten Glacier sector, Dronning Maud Land, Princess Elizabeth Land, and the Bellingshausen Sea sector. Overall, accelerated volume loss in the West Antarctic continues to outpace the gains observed in the East Antarctic. The total volume change during 2002–2019 for the AIS was −68.7 ± 8.1 km3/y, with an acceleration of −5.5 ± 0.9 km3/y2.
Retirement can wait: a phenomenographic exploration of professional baby-boomer engagement in non-standard employment

Abstract This qualitative study explores the experiences of 23 professional baby-boomers in Australia who are challenging the traditional employment and retirement pathway through non-standard employment (NSE). We focus on professional part-time, casual and self-employed work within the kaleidoscope of various working arrangements that form NSE. Using a phenomenographic approach, we identified variations in how these older baby-boomers experience engagement in NSE. Our findings revealed five interrelated hierarchical categories of description, which posit a generally positive view of NSE and highlight financial stability, flexibility, continued activity, social ties and maintaining self-identity as key conceptions for work engagement. Our study suggests that NSE is an important and under-researched part of the labour market for baby-boomer professionals, that it can offer greater opportunities for engagement and that the traditional hard-boundary view of retirement as a defined lifestage is softening. It extends our understanding of baby-boomer engagement with NSE in the labour market and offers findings that may inform future policy and practice.
Recommended Values for the Thermal Expansivity of Silicon from 0 to 1000 K

Silicon, a high melting point, low expansivity, cubic material which can be obtained readily in high purity form, provides an excellent thermal expansion standard. Various absolute determinations of the thermal expansivity of both single crystal and polycrystalline silicon are used to establish a smooth relationship from 90 to 850 K which is believed to be reliable to roughly 10−8 K−1, and which is extrapolated to 1000 K. Values also are suggested for temperatures to absolute zero. Key words: high temperature expansivity; silicon; standard expansivities; thermal expansivity.
Dispersion stability and rheology study of canola oil containing TiO2 nanoadditives for tribological applications: An experimental approach

Recently, the biodegradable lubricants developed from vegetable oils are gaining popularity concerning biodegradability and sustainability. Moreover, the stabilized suspension of nanoparticles in the base lubricant is a crucial requirement of any nanolubricant for the long term. To evaluate the aggregation behaviour of nanoparticles in base lubricant and rheological properties of nanolubricants are important as other properties. Keeping in view of these, the aim of the present study has been categorized into two parts. Firstly, the dispersion stability of nanofluids in terms of the aggregation behaviour of nanoadditives with the standing time has been investigated under three non-ionic surfactants and one anionic surfactant with several TiO2- to-surfactant mass ratios utilizing dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. The outcomes demonstrated that the TiO2- to-Triton X-100 mass ratio of 1:3 has long term stability. Secondly, the rheological behaviour of canola oil containing a varying range of nanoadditives has been conducted for various temperatures and shear rates. The results indicated that all the nanofluids exhibit Newtonian behaviour and the viscosity of canola oil increases as nanoadditives concentration increases. The experimental results are also compared and validated with the existing viscosity models, and a new regression model has been suggested.
Studies of Precursor Composition Effect on Jc in Bi‐2212/Ag Wires and Tapes

Efforts to increase critical current density (Jc) and engineering current density (JE) in round multifilament Bi‐2212/Ag wires have included studies of the effect of precursor composition. Variations in the cation ratios in the precursor have a number of effects on conductor processing and properties, including the melt temperature, the relative sharpness of the melting event, the crystallization behavior including secondary phase formation and growth, and the peak Jc and JE attainable. Multifilamentary wires and dip coated tapes made from four precursors with different cation ratios were studied using an experimental matrix of heat treatments that systematically varied melt temperature, cooling rate, annealing temperature, and annealing time. Average Jc and JE were determined for all samples. In addition two different levels of Ag additions were given to two of the cation ratios, and subjected to the same heat treatment matrix. The results showed a strong dependence of microstructure and Jc on cation rat.
Diurnal Variations in Tropical Cyclone Intensification

In this paper, diurnal variations in tropical cyclone (TC) intensification and decay over the ocean are considered for the global TC basins from 1982–2017 using best track data. Statistically significant diurnal variations are found for global TCs, with a maximum intensification over the period 03–09 local solar time (LST). No diurnal signals are detected for TC decay. The highest frequency of occurrence and highest rate of intensification at 03–09 LST for global TCs are associated with the largest coverage of the very deep convective clouds with IR BT < 208 K at 03–06 LST. TC vortex spin‐up is favored at early morning through diurnal circulation linked to very deep convection.