Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
METAMORPHISM IN THE COFFS HARBOUR

The form of inflection surfaces for both fold trains and fold stacks are developed for theoretical fold profiles. The fold train inflection surfaces for symmetrical folds are always normal to the axial surfaces but the fold stack inflection surfaces can be normal, oblique or parallel to the axial surfaces. For asymmetrical folds the above conditions need not apply. Inflection surfaces for field examples of mesoscopic folds are compared with the theoretical models .
Isolation of a Campylobacter lanienae‐like Bacterium from Laboratory Chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger)

Routine necropsies of 27 asymptomatic juvenile chinchillas revealed a high prevalence of gastric ulcers with microscopic lymphoplasmacytic gastroenteritis and typhlocolitis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using Campylobacter genus‐specific partial 16S rRNA primers revealed the presence of Campylobacter spp. DNA in the faeces of 12 of 27 animals (44.4%). Species‐specific partial 16S rRNA PCR and sequencing confirmed that these animals were colonized with Campylobacter lanienae, a gram‐negative, microaerophilic bacterium that was first identified on routine faecal screening of slaughterhouse employees and subsequently isolated from faeces of livestock. Campylobacter lanienae was isolated from the faeces of six PCR‐positive animals and identified with species‐specific PCR and full 16S rRNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates clustered with C. lanienae strain NCTC 13004. PCR analysis of DNA extracted from gastrointestinal tissues revealed the presence of C. lanienae DNA in the caecum and colon of these chinchillas. Gastrointestinal lesions were scored and compared between C. lanienae‐positive and C. lanienae‐negative animals. There was no correlation between colonization status and lesion severity in the stomach, liver, duodenum, or colon. Possible routes of C. lanienae infection in chinchillas could include waterborne transmission and faecal–oral transmission from wild mice and rats or livestock. Based on these findings, the authors conclude that C. lanienae colonizes the lower bowel of chinchillas in the absence of clinical disease. This is the first report of C. lanienae in any rodent species. Campylobacter lanienae isolates from different mammalian species demonstrate heterogeneity by 16S rRNA sequence comparison. Analysis using rpoB suggests that isolates and clones currently identified as C. lanienae may represent multiple species or subspecies.
Improved Prediction and Characterization of Contrails and Optically-Thin Cirrus

Abstract : This report summarizes research and results that pertain to AFOSR agreement no. F49620-96-C-0024. The aim of this research program has been to improve prediction of aircraft contrail and cirrus cloud formation, and to improve understanding of their optical and physical properties. Toward this end, the investigators have used analysis of data from research aircraft, balloon-borne ice crystal replicator sondes, and radiosonde relative humidity measurements, as well as theoretical and numerical modeling techniques. The five categories of research covered in this report are: (1) Improving Vaisala RS80-A radiosonde relative humidity measurements; (2) Vertical distribution of cirrus microphysical and optical properties; (3) Relative humidity conditions for the formation of cirrus and contrails; (4) Variability of cirrus microphysical properties; and (5) Improved theory of contrail formation Research findings in each of these five categories resulted in at least one publication whose full or partial sponsorship by the AFOSR was acknowledged. The journal publications provide an in-depth discussion of the research conducted; this final report summarizes the findings.
. (2016). Pleural biopsies in undiagnosed pleural effusions: Abrams vs image-guided vs thoracoscopic biopsies. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 22(4), 392-398

Purpose of review : Pleural biopsies are often necessary if a pleural effusion remains undiagnosed after radiological imaging and pleural fluid analysis. There are many methods of obtaining pleural biopsies, including blind or image-guided procedures, closed-bevel or cutting-edge needles, and percutaneous or thoracoscopic approaches. This article will review recent research relating to these methods, aiming to provide an overview of the strengths and limitations of each technique. Recent findings : Historically pleural biopsies were undertaken using a blind, closed “Abrams” needle method. However low diagnostic yields and high complication rates are seen with this technique compared to newer methods. Recent research compares image-guided, cutting needle approaches to traditional Abrams biopsies, and evaluates the role of medical thoracoscopy in comparison to other techniques. Summary : Thoracoscopic biopsies are the gold standard for investigating pleural disease. However this service is not universally available and may be unsuitable for some patients. Image-guided cutting-needle biopsies under computed tomography or ultrasound guidance have high diagnostic rates and are useful in a wide patient population. The main role of Abrams biopsies is in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis in resource-poor settings.
Dynamics and Effects of Science Technology Translation: Case of Blockchain Technology

Considering the academic and industrial needs, it is necessary to examine the dynamics and effects of science and technology translation, especially the indirect ones. This study proposes a framework for identifying the levels of translation, called translational generation, and measuring their translational effects. An empirical analysis is carried out in the field of blockchain. The results provide evidence supporting the strength of direct translation and the growth of indirect translation. Firstly, the amount of S&T translation has increased and the amount of indirect translation has grown up to almost three times that of direct ones. Secondly, direct translation has better effects than all levels of indirect groups. However, the advantage of direct translation is not stable. It decreases in the translation intensity dimension and increases in the translation speed dimension. These findings have important implications for S&T innovation and source-allocated policy making.
Peripheral visual response time to colored stimuli imaged on the horizontal meridian

Two male observers were administered a binocular visual response time task to small (45 min arc), flashed, photopic stimuli at four dominant wavelengths (632 nm red; 583 nm yellow; 526 nm green; 464 nm blue) imaged across the horizontal retinal meridian. The stimuli were imaged at 10 deg arc intervals from 80 deg left to 90 deg right of fixation. Testing followed either prior light adaptation or prior dark adaptation. Results indicated that mean response time (RT) varies with stimulus color. RT is faster to yellow than to blue and green and slowest to red. In general, mean RT was found to increase from fovea to periphery for all four colors, with the curve for red stimuli exhibiting the most rapid positive acceleration with increasing angular eccentricity from the fovea. The shape of the RT distribution across the retina was also found to depend upon the state of light or dark adaptation. The findings are related to previous RT research and are discussed in terms of optimizing the color and position of colored displays on instrument panels.
Molecular characterization of nervous system organization in the hemichordate Saccoglossus kowalevskii

Hemichordates are an important group for investigating the evolution of bilaterian nervous systems. As the closest chordate outgroup with a bilaterally symmetric adult body plan, hemichordates are particularly informative for exploring the origins of chordates. Despite the importance of hemichordate neuroanatomy for testing hypotheses on deuterostome and chordate evolution, adult hemichordate nervous systems have not been comprehensively described using molecular techniques, and classic histological descriptions disagree on basic aspects of nervous system organization. A molecular description of hemichordate nervous system organization is important for both anatomical comparisons across phyla and for attempts to understand how conserved gene regulatory programs for ectodermal patterning relate to morphological evolution in deep time. Here, we describe the basic organization of the adult hemichordate Saccoglossus kowalevskii nervous system using immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, and transgenic reporters to visualize neurons, neuropil, and key neuronal cell types. Consistent with previous descriptions, we found the S. kowalevskii nervous system consists of a pervasive nerve plexus that is concentrated in the anterior, along with nerve cords on both the dorsal and ventral sides. Neuronal cell types exhibited clear anteroposterior and dorsoventral regionalization in multiple areas of the body. We observed spatially demarcated expression patterns for many genes involved in synthesis or transport of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides but did not observe clear distinctions between putatively centralized and decentralized portions of the nervous system. In the trunk, there is a clear division of cell types between the dorsal and ventral cords suggesting differences in function. The plexus shows regionalized structure and is consistent with the proboscis base as a major site for information processing rather than the dorsal nerve cord. The absence of neural processes crossing the basement membrane into muscle and extensive axonal varicosities suggest that volumetric transmission may play an important role in neural function. These data now facilitate more informed neural comparisons between hemichordates and other groups and contribute to broader debates on the origins and evolution of bilaterian nervous systems.
Once is Not Enough: The Determinants and Consequences of Management Updates of Annual Forecasts

This study investigates a new disclosure phenomenon – managers updating their annual earnings forecasts, which is used by nearly 90% of annual forecasters in recent years. Consistent with the updating decisions largely being predetermined, we find the incidence and frequency of updates to be persistent at the firm level, especially when firms update in all quarters (regular updaters). Analysts’ reactions to managers’ initial forecasts are weaker for regular updaters, consistent with analysts anticipating subsequent updates. We also find updaters – especially regular updaters – to be more (less) timely than non-updaters in disclosing bad (good) news to the market, suggesting that frequent updates of annual forecasts serve as a major channel to quickly release bad news.
A new approach to the 2-regularity of the -abelian complexity of 2-automatic sequences

We prove that a sequence satisfying a certain symmetry property is 2-regular in the sense of Allouche and Shallit, i.e., the Z -module generated by its 2-kernel is ﬁnitely generated. We apply this theorem to develop a general approach for studying the (cid:96) -abelian complexity of 2-automatic sequences. In particular, we prove that the period-doubling word and the Thue–Morse word have 2-abelian complexity sequences that are 2-regular. Along the way, we also prove that the 2-block codings of these two words have 1-abelian complexity sequences that are 2-regular. In Section 6, we study the abelian complexity of the 2-block coding y = block( t , 2) of the Thue–Morse word t . We deﬁne ∆ 12 ( n ) to be the diﬀerence between the maximal total and minimal total numbers of 1’s and 2’s occurring in factors of length n in block( t , 2). It turns out that ∆ 12 ( n ) + 1 = P (1) p ( n ) and our results can thus be related to [5] and [14]. We prove that ∆ 12 ( n ) n ≥ 0 and P (1) y ( n ) n ≥ 0 are 2-regular. In Section 7, we show that the 2-regularity of P (2) t ( n ) follows from the 2-regularity of ∆ 12 ( n ) n ≥ 0 and P (1) y ( n ) n ≥ 0 . Finally, in Section 8 we suggest a direction for future work.
Models and Algorithms for Human-Aware Task Planning with Integrated Theory of Mind

It is essential for a collaborative robot to consider the Theory of Mind (ToM) when interacting with humans. Indeed, performing an action in the absence of another agent may create false beliefs like in the well-known Sally & Anne Task [1]. The robot should be able to detect, react to, and even anticipate false beliefs of other agents with a detrimental impact on the task to achieve. Currently, ToM is mainly used to control the task execution and resolve in a reactive way the detrimental false beliefs. Some works introduce ToM at the planning level by considering distinct beliefs, and we are in this context. This work proposes an extension of an existing human-aware task planner and effectively allows the robot to anticipate a false human belief ensuring a smooth collaboration through an implicitly coordinated plan. First, we propose to capture the observability properties of the environment in the state description using two observability types and the notion of co-presence. They allow us to maintain distinct agent beliefs by reasoning directly on what agents can observe through specifically modeled Situation Assessment processes, instead of reasoning of action effects. Then, thanks to the better estimated human beliefs, we can predict if a false belief with adverse impact will occur. If that is the case then, first, the robot’s plan can be to communicate minimally and proactively. Second, if this false belief is due to a non-observed robot action, the robot’s plan can be to postpone this action until it can be observed by the human, avoiding the creation of the false belief. We implemented our new conceptual approach, discuss its effectiveness qualitatively, and show experimental results on three novel domains.
Movement Rehabilitation in Physiotherapy after Stroke: The Role of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy

Stroke is increasingly becoming a global health problem. This is because it may lead to death, Long-term disability such as in motor function, and significant burden to the patients and their families. The disability can be prevented or rehabilitated using a physiotherapy technique known as constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT). The CIMT comprises of task practice with the affected limb, constraint of the unaffected limb, and transfer package to foster compliance and increase the amount of task repetition. It helps to reestablish normal motor control through facilitating changes in physiological functions of the brain, improvement in realworld arm use, and movement precision and quality. However, its protocols vary. Some protocols use number of hours and others use number of repetitions to determine the intensity or the amount of task practice. This chapter argued that CIMT is effective, but the protocols that use a number of hours of task practice are not clear and are resource intensive; and as such they could interfere with the process of clinical decision making. Consequently, it proposed the use of a number of repetitions of task practice to determine the intensity or the amount of task practice and extending the application of CIMT to those with severe impairments after stroke.
Series 9-3-2015 It is Lower Than You Think it is : Recent Total Fertility Rates in Brazil and Possibly Other Latin American Countries

Understanding emerging patterns of low fertility in middle-income countries is of essential importance. We demonstrate that the use of the P/F Brass methods in Brazil to adjust for a presumed underreporting of births has the potential to overestimate the country’s 2010 TFR by about 8%. Our preferred fertility-register-based estimate is 1.76, substantially lower the officially reported 1.90. This overstatement of fertility in official statistics has important consequences: compared to our analyses, for example, the UN World Population Prospects (UN WPP) overestimate recent TFR levels, and underestimates additional TFR declines during 2015-30, resulting in a projected 2050 population for Brazil that is 7 million larger and almost one year younger than projections using a 2010 TFR of 1.76. Several other Latin American countries are possibly subject to similarly upward-biased official TFRs that result from the use of the P/F Brass method in contexts of declining TFRs accompanied by an onset of fertility postponement. We hence believe several Latin American countries have progressed further in the transition towards low fertility than is reflected in official or UN WPP estimates. Our analyses also suggest that the further use of the P/F method in these countries should be carefully evaluated.
End-User Development of Experience Sampling Smartphone Apps -Recommendations and Requirements

—Psychology researchers employ the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) to capture thoughts and behaviours of participants within their everyday lives. Smartphone-based ESM apps are increasingly used in such research. However, the diversity of researchers’ app requirements, coupled with cost and complexity of their implementation, has prompted end-user development (EUD) approaches. In addition, limited evaluation of such environments beyond lab-based usability studies precludes discovery of factors pertaining to real-world EUD adoption. We ﬁrst describe the extension of Jeeves, our visual programming environment for ESM app creation, in which we implemented additional functional requirements, derived from a survey and analysis of previous work. We further describe interviews with psychology researchers to understand their practical considerations for employing this extended environment in their work practices. Results of our analysis are presented as factors pertaining to the adoption of EUD activities within and between communities of practice.
Power as an emotional liability: Implications for perceived authenticity and trust after a transgression

People may express a variety of emotions after committing a transgression. Through 6 empirical studies and a meta-analysis, we investigate how the perceived authenticity of such emotional displays and resulting levels of trust are shaped by the transgressor’s power. Past findings suggest that individuals with power tend to be more authentic because they have more freedom to act on the basis of their own personal inclinations. Yet, our findings reveal that (a) a transgressor’s display of emotion is perceived to be less authentic when that party’s power is high rather than low; (b) this perception of emotional authenticity, in turn, directly influences (and mediates) the level of trust in that party; and (c) perceivers ultimately exert less effort when asked to make a case for leniency toward high rather than low-power transgressors. This tendency to discount the emotional authenticity of the powerful was found to arise from power increasing the transgressor’s perceived level of emotional control and strategic motivation, rather than a host of alternative mechanisms. These results were also found across different types of emotions (sadness, anger, fear, happiness, and neutral), expressive modalities, operationalizations of the transgression, and participant populations. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that besides the wealth of benefits power can afford, it also comes with a notable downside. The findings, furthermore, extend past research on perceived emotional authenticity, which has focused on how and when specific emotions are expressed, by revealing how this perception can depend on considerations that have nothing to do with the expression itself.
Assessment of Drought Tolerant Barley Varieties under Water Stress

Four barley varieties (Rum, Athroh, and Muta'a) including a Jordanian barley landrace were subjected to assess their drought tolerance in three water stress regimes. The water stress regimes are T1 - 75% of available water served as the control (non-stress), T2 - 25 % of available water after emergence served as Sustain water stress, and T3 - 25 % of available water at booting stage served as late water stress respectively. The objective of this study was to identify drought tolerant varieties by using drought susceptibility index (DSI) under different water stress treatments to set recommendations on their possible use in drought tolerance breeding programs. Results showed that water stress reduced grain yield and its components. Sustained water stress (T2) exhibited the highest reductions in grain yield and its components. Number of spikes plant -1 and number of kernels spike -1 were more sensitive to water stress than 100-kerrnel weight. From the concept of drought susceptibility index DSI (less grain yield losses), local landrace was the most tolerance variety because it exhibited low grain yield losses under water stress treatments. Accordingly it could be considered as a potential source of genes for drought tolerance in plant breeding.
Improving initial condition perturbations in a convection‐permitting ensemble prediction system

One of the main challenges presented by a limited‐area model ensemble prediction system (LAMEPS) concerns the limited capacity for its initial condition perturbations to correctly represent large‐scale flow uncertainties due to its limited‐size domain and deficiencies in formulating lateral boundary conditions. In addition, a mismatch between LAMEPS (initial condition) and host EPS lateral boundary perturbations can form spurious gravity waves at the boundaries. In the present work, an ensemble Jk blending method is proposed for improving representation of large‐scale uncertainties and for addressing consistent initial conditions and lateral boundary perturbations. Our approach involves employing Jk blending within a framework of three‐dimensional variation (3D‐Var) ensemble data assimilation (EDA). In such a system, small‐scale perturbations are generated from 3D‐Var EDA, while large‐scale perturbations are generated from the host ensemble via Jk blending.
Long-term progression of clinician-reported and gait performance outcomes in hereditary spastic paraplegias

Introduction Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases in which little is known about the most appropriate clinical outcome assessments (COAs) to capture disease progression. The objective of this study was to prospectively determine disease progression after 4.5 years of follow-up with different clinician-reported (ClinRO) and gait performance outcomes (PerFOs). Methods Twenty-six HSP patients (15 SPG4, 5 SPG7, 4 SPG5, 2 SPG3A) participated in this single-center cohort study in which the ClinRO: Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale; and the PerFOs: 10-meters walking test and timed-up and go (TUG), at self-selected and maximal walking speeds; Locomotor Rehabilitation Index; and 6-min walking test were performed at baseline and after 1.5 (18 patients) and 4.5 (13 patients) years. Results In the 3-year interval between the second and third assessments, significant progressions were only found in PerFOs, while in the overall 4.5 years of follow-up, both PerFOs and ClinROs presented significant progressions. The progression slopes of COAs modeled according to the disease duration allowed the estimation of the annual progression of the outcomes and sample size estimations for future clinical trials of interventions with different effect sizes. TUG at maximal walking speed was the only COA capable of differentiating subjects with a worse compared to a stable/better impression of change and would require the smallest sample size if chosen as the primary endpoint of a clinical trial. Discussion These findings indicate that both performance and clinician-reported outcomes can capture long-term progression of HSPs, with some PerFOs presenting greater sensitivity to change. The presented data are paramount for planning future disease-modifying and symptomatic therapy trials for this currently untreatable group of diseases.