Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tree-cavity formation in the mature subtropical forests of Yambaru, Okinawa Island

ABSTRACT Tree-cavities are considered as key components that support multiple species, including endemic ones, in subtropical forests in Yambaru, the northern area of Okinawa Island, Japan. Here, we established two study plots in mature subtropical forests in Yambaru and surveyed for tree-cavities with depths ≥ 10 cm. The density of tree-cavities was 198 per ha, which is exceptionally high compared with tree-cavity densities reported by other studies. Among the three key tree species (Castanopsis sieboldii, Schima wallichii, and Distylium racemosum), no tree-cavities were observed in S. wallichii in the study plots. In both C. sieboldii and D. racemosum, the probability of tree-cavity presence increased as the diameter at breast height (DBH) increased. In addition, the probability of tree-cavity presence on D. racemosum started to increase at smaller DBH stage compared with that on C. sieboldii. Distylium racemosum often had multiple tree-cavities per stem. Excavated cavities were rare across all species, and decay cavities were dominant. We detected the activity of the endangered Ryukyu long-haired rat (Diplothrix legata) in two cavities, both of which had similar features: a stem DBH of about 43 cm and volumes of 0.09–0.16 m3. In the Yambaru area, the preservation of large-diameter stems that will form tree-cavities is critically important for maintaining forest ecosystem health and should be considered when implementing forest management plans, especially for D. racemosum, which is rich in cavities and likely plays multiple ecological roles.
Effect of Merging Multiscale Models on Seismic Wavefield Predictions Near the Southern San Andreas Fault

Updating Earth models used by the scientific community in geologic studies and hazard assessment has a significant societal impact but is computationally prohibitive due to the large spatial scale. The advent of urban seismology allowed rapid development of local high‐resolution models using short‐term dense seismic arrays to become conventional. To incorporate the details in these local models in community models, we developed a technique for constructing window taper functions like the cosine taper in arbitrarily shaped spatial domains on regular grids. We apply our algorithm to the problem of low‐frequency ground shaking estimation near the southernmost San Andreas fault by creating two hybrid models. These models consist of basin‐scale (top 10 km or less) high‐resolution models developed using controlled source data embedded into two popular Southern California Earthquake Center community models. We evaluate the models by computing long period (6–30 s) wavefield energy misfits using 11 earthquakes with moment magnitudes between 3.5 and 5.5 not used in developing any of the models under consideration. One of the hybrid models produces an ∼24% decrease while the other has an ∼0.6% increase in the overall median misfit relative to their original community models. The overlapping misfit values between the models and variability in waveform fit for different events and stations emphasize the difficulties in model validation. Our approach can merge any type of gridded multiscale and multidimensional datasets, and represents a valuable tool for modeling in the computational sciences.
Which factors determine students’ water-saving behaviors? Evidence from China colleges

ABSTRACT In this paper, we attempt to answer the following questions: Which factors determine college students’ water-saving behaviors? The answer can enable colleges to take targeted water management measures to promote water-saving behaviors of students. Based on the theory of planned behavior and the combination of attitude-situation-behavior theory, this paper built a comprehensive theoretical model with sociodemographic characteristics, psychological characteristics as external dependent latent variables, situational factors as moderating variables, and water-saving behaviors as internal dependent latent variables. The research investigated 742 students in China colleges, and used corresponding methods to analyze the different types of the influencing factors of students’ water-saving behaviors. The results show that the sociodemographic characteristics of college students have no significant impact on water-saving behaviors; the psychological characteristics have a significant impact on individual water-saving behaviors; the situational factors have a significant moderating effect on individual water-saving behaviors of students.
The Roles of Sensegiving Language and Context in Change Announcement Acceptance

ABSTRACT Do leaders use sensegiving language in organization-wide planned change announcements? Does sensegiving language prompt organizational support? What contextual factors influence the reception of change announcements? These questions were explored in an analysis of written reorganization announcements across three executive administrations within a university. We found that sensegiving language was used when the reorganization decision was discretionary and when it was inconsistent with the values of shared governance and campus autonomy. Sensegiving language was associated with acceptance of the announcements but only when it was appropriate for the organizational setting. Leadership style appeared to influence internal support independent of language. Our findings suggest that although discursive ability might allow leaders to craft persuasive statements, the delivery of a change message must be consonant with contextual elements that include culture, external environment, organizational atmosphere, and leadership style. MAD statement When leaders announce a major organizational change, they must build support for the decision by using language that convinces organizational members to commit to successful change implementation. Despite numerous models of change management, there is little research that identifies what language is most effective to do so. This study analysed three university reorganization announcements and found that executives received support for decisions when they used language that was congruent with organizational values and their leadership style. Ideal content by itself was not sufficient to inspire support, nor was it necessary when a planned change was in reaction to the environment.
Vitamin D: A Critical Regulator of Intestinal Physiology

Calcium is required for the functioning of numerous biological processes and is essential for skeletal health. The major source of new calcium is from the diet. The central role of vitamin D in the maintenance of calcium homeostasis is to increase the absorption of ingested calcium from the intestine. The critical importance of vitamin D in this process is noted in the causal link between vitamin D deficiency and rickets, as well as in studies using genetically modified mice including mice deficient in the vitamin D receptor (Vdr null mice) or in the cytochrome P‐450 enzyme, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3‐1α‐ hydroxylase (CYP27B1) that converts 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 to the hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] (Cyp27b1 null mice). When these mice are fed diets with high calcium and lactose, rickets is prevented. The studies using mouse models provide supporting evidence indicating that the major physiological function of 1,25(OH)2D3/VDR is intestinal calcium absorption. This review summarizes what is known about mechanisms involved in vitamin D‐regulated intestinal calcium absorption. Recent studies suggest that vitamin D does not affect a single entity, but that a complex network of calcium‐regulating components is involved in the process of 1,25(OH)2D3‐mediated active intestinal calcium absorption. In addition, numerous 1,25(OH)2D3 actions in the intestine have been described independent of calcium absorption. Although the translatability to humans requires further definition, an overview is presented that provides compelling evidence from the laboratory of 1,25(OH)2D3 intestinal effects, which include the regulation of adhesion molecules to enhance barrier function, the regulation of intestinal stem cell function, cellular homeostasis of other divalent cations, the regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes, and anti‐inflammatory effects. © 2021 The Author. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Data Harmonization for Heterogeneous Datasets: A Systematic Literature Review

As data size increases drastically, its variety also increases. Investigating such heterogeneous data is one of the most challenging tasks in information management and data analytics. The heterogeneity and decentralization of data sources affect data visualization and prediction, thereby influencing analytical results accordingly. Data harmonization (DH) corresponds to a field that unifies the representation of such a disparate nature of data. Over the years, multiple solutions have been developed to minimize the heterogeneity aspects and disparity in formats of big-data types. In this study, a systematic review of the literature was conducted to assess the state-of-the-art DH techniques. This study aimed to understand the issues faced due to heterogeneity, the need for DH and the techniques that deal with substantial heterogeneous textual datasets. The process produced 1355 articles, but among them, only 70 articles were found to be relevant through inclusion and exclusion criteria methods. The result shows that the heterogeneity of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured (SSU) data can be managed by using DH and its core techniques, such as text preprocessing, Natural Language Preprocessing (NLP), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL). These techniques are applied to many real-world applications centered on the information-retrieval domain. Several assessment criteria were implemented to measure the efficiency of these techniques, such as precision, recall, F-1, accuracy, and time. A detailed explanation of each research question, common techniques, and performance measures is also discussed. Lastly, we present readers with a detailed discussion of the existing work, contributions, and managerial and academic implications, along with the conclusion, limitations, and future research directions.
Enraged and Engaged? Emotions as Motives for Discussing Politics

The 2016 presidential campaign made some feel angry, while others felt anxious, embarrassed, or enthusiastic. We explore how these emotions relate to patterns of political talk within informal conversation networks. Using items from the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study, we link emotional reactions to rates of conversation, interest in political talk, and exposure to disagreeable viewpoints. Rather than deterring people from contentious conversations, we find that the heightened emotions are associated with greater engagement in political talk. Those who feel angry do not confront their opponents. Instead, they avoid conversations with those who do not share their views, where anger is tied to partisan patterns of political discussion. Feelings of embarrassment have the opposite relationship, as those who felt embarrassed during the campaign were more likely to discuss politics with those with contrary views. These results inform when and how people engage in political talk.
Whose voice is it anyway? Narrative perspectives within the Scottish and Swedish Science curricula

This study explores the form of curriculum documents and its implications for the enacted curriculum. In this study, the narrative voices that appear in the Scottish Broad General Education phase and the Swedish Compulsory phase of the curriculum are scrutinized in relation to the most likely reader of these documents— the teacher. The study adopts a critical hermeneutic approach to documents relating to the Swedish and Scottish Science curricula, focusing on the primary and lower secondary school phase of education. In addition, the analysis utilised the concepts and categories from narratology as an analytical framework that illuminates the emerging narrative voices in the curriculum documents. Both countries are similar in terms of “the teacher” not appearing in a prominent role but differ in terms of how teachers are framed from a narratological perspective. While the Swedish science curriculum appears to be a very rudimentary narrative, resembling “stage directions” for teachers' activity, the Scottish science curriculum contains a variety
Analysing the Impact of Harvesting Methods on the Quantity of Harvesting Residues: An Australian Case Study

Many parameters can influence the weight of harvesting residues per hectare that remain on plantation sites after extracting sawlogs and pulpwoods. This study aimed at quantifying the impact of the cut-to-length and whole-tree harvesting methods on the weight of harvesting residues using 26 case studies in Australian plantations. A database was created using case studies conducted in different plantations, to measure the weight of harvesting residues per hectare and the components of harvesting residues. An analysis of variance was applied to test the impact made by the harvesting methods. The results confirmed that the cut-to-length harvesting method produced a larger weight of residues (104.0 tonnes of wet matter per hectare (tWM/ha) without additional biomass recovery and 64.7 tWM/ha with additional biomass recovery after sawlog/pulpwood extraction) than the whole-tree harvesting method (12.5 tWM/ha). The fraction test showed that stem wood formed the largest proportion of the harvesting residues in cut-to-length sites and needles were the largest component of the pine harvesting residues in sites cleared by the whole-tree harvesting method. The outcomes of this study could assist plantation managers to set proper strategies for harvesting residues management. Future research could study the impact of product type, silvicultural regime, stand quality, age, equipment, etc., on the weight of harvesting residues.
Yb to Tb Cooperative Upconversion in Supramolecularly Assembled Complexes in a Solution

The podand-type ligand L, based on a tertiary amine substituted by three pyridyl-6-phosphonic acid functions, forms hydrated complexes with Ln3+ cations. The luminescence properties of the YbL complex were studied in D2O as a function of the pD and temperature. In basic conditions, increases in the luminescence quantum yield and the excited state lifetime of the Yb centered emission associated with the 2F5/2 → 2F7/2 transition were observed and attributed to a change in the hydration number from two water molecules in the first coordination sphere of Yb at acidic pH to a single one in basic conditions. Upon the addition of TbCl3 salts to a solution containing the YbL complex in D2O, heteropolynuclear Yb/Tb species formed, and excitation of the Yb at 980 nm resulted in the observation of the typical visible emission of Tb as a result of a cooperative upconversion (UC) photosensitization process. The UC was further evidenced by the quadratic dependence of the UC emission as a function of the laser power density.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTEXTUAL TEACHING LEARNING APPROACH IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION TO ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXT

English is a language that is found in all fields of Education, which makes English as a language skill that must be mastered by students. There are four skills in learning English namely; reading, writing, speaking and listening. Reading comprehension is one of the skills which is important to develop by all learners because by reading people can improve their knowledge. The problems were the students had poor vocabulary. The researcher applies (CTL) Contextual Teaching Learning approach, to help students understand English-language reading. The objectives of this research entitled “the implementation of contextual teaching-learning approach in teaching reading comprehension to analytical exposition text” was to found out the implementation of the scenario and the students' responses in teaching-learning reading comprehension. This study used descriptive qualitative as a research design. The subject of this research was the grade XI of students’ senior high school in Cimahi consisted of 20 students. The results of this research showed CTL was successfully implemented based on scenarios prepared by the researchers. Using CTL was able to improve students' motivation in learning reading comprehension. It was expressed by students and teachers in the observation sheets and questionnaires. Keywords : Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL), Reading comprehension, Analytical exposition.
The influence of oil, gold and stock market index on US equity sectors

ABSTRACT Within a Markov regime switching perspective, we examine the spillovers between the returns of the ten most representative US equity sectors and the returns of gold, oil, and S&P 500 (GOI), on the one hand, and their implied volatilities, GVZ, OVX, and VIX, on the other hand. Our objective is to check if the implied volatilities of GOI influence the US equity sectors more than GOI returns. Single regime results show that GOI volatilities affect the equity sector returns more than GOI returns, suggesting that forward-looking volatility expectations play a more significant role in determining sector returns than current and historical GOI returns. During tranquillity periods, all three implied volatilities influence equity sector returns more than GOI returns. Moreover, VIX has the strongest effect on sectoral returns. During turmoil periods, VIX influences the sectoral returns more than S&P 500 returns. However, the returns of gold and oil influence equity sector returns more than their implied volatilities. The result may be useful to portfolio and equity risk managers for improved forecasting and hedging in the US equity markets.
Numerical Study of Circular Concrete Filled Steel Tubes Subjected to Pure Torsion

This study numerically explored the torsional behavior of circular concrete-filled steel tubes (CFST) under pure torsion. Numerical models of CFSTs were developed in ABAQUS. The models were validated by comparing with the experimental results available in the literature; then, these models were used for parametric study. Based on the obtained results, the mechanism of torsional moment transferring from steel plates to CFST was presented. The results obtained from the parametric study indicated that the compressive strength of concrete marginally improved the torsional moment capacity of the CFST while concrete prevented buckling and helped the steel tubes to work more effectively. The steel strength significantly affected the torsional moment capacity of the CFST. When the yield strength of steel increased from 235 to 420 MPa, the yield torsional moment of the CFST increased by approximately 50%. The yield torsional moment capacity of the steel tube had the strongest correlation with the yield moment of the CFST, followed by the ratio of diameter to thickness of the steel tube while the parameters related to the compressive strength of concrete exhibited a poor correlation with the yield torsional moment.
Service Quality and Satisfaction in the Context of Varying Levels of Restaurant Image and Customer Orientation during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Extant hospitality literature has tended to view the dimensions of service quality as primarily complementary or differential in nature. However, studies of the similarities and differences between the two types of service quality have been limited. This study investigates how restaurant image and customer orientation affect the relative importance of both process and outcome service quality in customer satisfaction, focusing on restaurants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a moderated moderation process and macro-based approach (M = 3), our findings show that process service quality impacts restaurant satisfaction; however, they also reveal that outcome service quality has a stronger main effect on restaurant satisfaction than process service quality. In particular, the findings show that the negative impact of the relationship between process (or outcome) service quality and restaurant image on restaurant satisfaction is insignificant when customer orientation is low. On the other hand, the same relationship has an even stronger positive effect on restaurant satisfaction when customer orientation is high. These findings have implications for restaurants’ efforts to develop and improve service quality, and bolster customer orientation, helping them identify more effective strategic approaches during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
An Analysis On The Dynamic Effect of Enterprise’s Environmental Governance On Green Technology Innovation: New Explanation From The Perspective of Knowledge And Technology Transfer

Environmental governance (EG) and green technology innovation (GTI) are important means to promote the construction of ecological civilization of all countries around the world. Past scholars focused on the impact of EG on GTI based on the static perspective usually, but ignored the impact of the dynamic development law of enterprises. This study differentiates, takes enterprise’s life cycle stage as the breakthrough point, and analyzes the dynamic effect of EG on GTI at the first time. Further, considering the important of information interaction among different enterprise in the background of collaborative innovation, this study reveals the evolution trend of enterprise’s knowledge and technology transfer (KTT) in different life cycle stage, and explains the internal mechanism of the dynamic effect mentioned above. The theoretical model finds that for enterprises in different life cycle stage, the impact of EG on GTI depends on abatement cost and innovation compensation effect two aspects. The development of enterprise’s KTT helps to strengthen the incentive effect of EG on GTI, thus causing the differentiated GTI effect among different enterprises under the restrict of EG. The empirical research results based on the micro data of Shanghai and Shenzheng A-share listed firms from 2013 to 2018 in China confirm the theoretical inference. EG has a positive role in promoting GTI, however, compared with the enterprises in growth and mature stage, the positive innovation effect does not hold for the enterprises in recession stage. The statistical results show that the enterprise’s KTT in growth and mature stage is significantly better than that of enterprises in recession. Moreover, the empirical analysis results confirm that enterprise’s KTT have a positive moderating effect on the relationship between EG and GTI. Combined with the above conclusions, this study puts forward several useful management implications for improving the designing of environmental governance system, optimizing the cooperation of GTI and the EG decision-making under the background of collaborative innovation.