Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Connection between Exponential Bases and Certain Related Sequences in L2(− π,π)

A sequence of vectors {fn} in a separable Hilbert space H is a frame if there are positive constants A, B such that A ||f||2 ≤ ∑n| 〈f, fn〉||2 ≤ B||f||2 for all f ∈ H, and {fn} is a Riesz sequence if it is a Riesz basis in the closure of the space spanned by the vectors fn. The latter of the following two questions has been raised by Khrushchev, Nikolskii, and Pavlov: Can every frame of complex exponentials {eiλnx} in L2 (− π, π) be made into a Riesz basis by removing from {eiλnx} a suitable collection of the functions eiλnx. ; can every Riesz sequence {eiλnx} in L2 (−π, π) be made into a Riesz basis by adjoining to {eiλnx} a suitable collection of exponentials eiλnx ∉ {eiλnx}? We show that this is indeed so for all frames and Riesz sequences {eiλnx} studied so far, and we prove that we can always solve both problems in a certain "weak sense. " However, our main conclusion is that the answer to both questions is no.
Towards local oscillators based on arrays of niobium Josephson junctions

Various applications in the field of terahertz technology are in urgent need of compact, wide-tunable solid-state continuous wave radiation sources with a moderate power. However, satisfactory solutions for the THz frequency range are scarce yet. Here we report on coherent radiation from a large planar array of Josephson junctions (JJs) in the frequency range between 0.1 and 0.3 THz. The external resonator providing the synchronization of JJ array is identified as a straight fragment of a single-strip-line containing the junctions themselves. We demonstrate a prototype of the quasioptical heterodyne receiver with the JJ array as a local oscillator and a hot-electron bolometer mixer.
On steady and pulsed low-blowing-ratio transverse jets

Abstract The present experimental and numerical study focuses on the vortical structures encountered in steady and pulsed low-blowing-ratio transverse jets ( $0. 150\leq \mathit{BR}\leq 4. 2$ ), a configuration hardly discussed in the literature. Under unforced conditions at low blowing ratio, a stable leading-edge shear-layer rollup is identified inside the jet pipe. As the blowing ratio is increased, the destabilization and evolution of this structure sheds light on the formation mechanisms of the well-known transverse jet vortical system. A discussion on the nature of the counter-rotating vortex pair in low-blowing-ratio transverse jets is also provided. Under forced conditions, the experimental observations support and extend numerical results of previous fully modulated jet studies. Large-eddy simulation results provide scaling parameters for the classification of starting vortices for partly modulated jets, as well as information on their three-dimensional dynamics. The counter-rotating vortex pair initiation is observed and detailed in both Mie scattering visualizations and simulations. The observations support a mechanism based on stretching of the starting vortical structures because of inviscid induction and partial leapfrogging. Two modes of cross-flow ingestion inside the jet pipe are described as the pulsed jet cycles from high to low values of blowing ratio.
Discrete diffraction in two‐dimensional transmission line metamaterials

We describe the efficient and accurate numerical solution of propagation problems in composite and dual‐composite right/left‐handed metamaterials using a discrete diffraction formula based on lattice Green's functions. For both metamaterials and for physically realizable parameters, we find that the observed diffraction patterns depend strongly on the temporal input frequency. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 721–725, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24991
Experimental evidence of nucleation from wall-bounded nuclei in a laminar flow

The importance of nucleation from wall-bounded nuclei for cavitation and especially cavitation inception is undisputed. Although various theories and models found their way to standard literature, there is a lack of experiments allowing a closer look onto the process of nucleation. In the present paper we present a new experimental set-up that allows the investigation and analysis of nucleation from wall-bounded nuclei. The experimental findings support an extended understanding of nucleation as a self excited cyclic process. Impressive high-speed visualisations can be found in the supplementary material.
Ensemble of structure and ligand-based classification models for hERG liability profiling

Drug-induced cardiotoxicity represents one of the most critical safety concerns in the early stages of drug development. The blockade of the human ether-à-go-go-related potassium channel (hERG) is the most frequent cause of cardiotoxicity, as it is associated to long QT syndrome which can lead to fatal arrhythmias. Therefore, assessing hERG liability of new drugs candidates is crucial to avoid undesired cardiotoxic effects. In this scenario, computational approaches have emerged as useful tools for the development of predictive models able to identify potential hERG blockers. In the last years, several efforts have been addressed to generate ligand-based (LB) models due to the lack of experimental structural information about hERG channel. However, these methods rely on the structural features of the molecules used to generate the model and often fail in correctly predicting new chemical scaffolds. Recently, the 3D structure of hERG channel has been experimentally solved enabling the use of structure-based (SB) strategies which may overcome the limitations of the LB approaches. In this study, we compared the performances achieved by both LB and SB classifiers for hERG-related cardiotoxicity developed by using Random Forest algorithm and employing a training set containing 12789 hERG binders. The SB models were trained on a set of scoring functions computed by docking and rescoring calculations, while the LB classifiers were built on a set of physicochemical descriptors and fingerprints. Furthermore, models combining the LB and SB features were developed as well. All the generated models were internally validated by ten-fold cross-validation on the TS and further verified on an external test set. The former revealed that the best performance was achieved by the LB model, while the model combining the LB and the SB attributes displayed the best results when applied on the external test set highlighting the usefulness of the integration of LB and SB features in correctly predicting unseen molecules. Overall, our predictive models showed satisfactory performances providing new useful tools to filter out potential cardiotoxic drug candidates in the early phase of drug discovery.
Properties of the spectrum of type n+ and type n- of self-adjoint operators in Krein spaces

We investigate spectral points of type + and type for self-adjoint operators in Krein spaces. In particular a sharp lower bound for the codimension of the linear manifold H0 occuring in the definition of spectral points of type + and type is determined. Furthermore, we describe the structure of the spectrum in a small neighbourhood of such points and we construct a finite dimensional perturba- tion which turns a real spectral point of type + (type ) into a point of positive (resp. negative) type. As an application we study a singular Sturm-Liouville operator with an indefinite weight.
Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives

This article examines the adequacy of the “rules of thumb” conventional cutoff criteria and several new alternatives for various fit indexes used to evaluate model fit in practice. Using a 2‐index presentation strategy, which includes using the maximum likelihood (ML)‐based standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR) and supplementing it with either Tucker‐Lewis Index (TLI), Bollen's (1989) Fit Index (BL89), Relative Noncentrality Index (RNI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Gamma Hat, McDonald's Centrality Index (Mc), or root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA), various combinations of cutoff values from selected ranges of cutoff criteria for the ML‐based SRMR and a given supplemental fit index were used to calculate rejection rates for various types of true‐population and misspecified models; that is, models with misspecified factor covariance(s) and models with misspecified factor loading(s). The results suggest that, for the ML method, a cutoff value close to . 95 for TLI, BL89, CFI, RNI, and G.
A distribution-free robust method for monitoring linear profiles using rank-based regression

Profile monitoring is a technique for checking the stability of the functional relationship between a response variable and one or more explanatory variables over time. Linear profile monitoring is particularly useful in practice due to its simplicity and flexibility. The existing monitoring methods suffer from a drawback in that they all assume the error distribution to be normal. When the underlying distribution is misspecified, the efficiency of the commonly used Least Squares Estimation (LSE) is likely to be low and as a consequence the detection ability of procedures based on LSE is reduced. To overcome this drawback, this article develops a non-parametric methodology for monitoring the linear profile, including the regression coefficients and profile variations. The Multivariate Sign Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (MSEWMA) control scheme is applied to the estimated profile parameters obtained using a rank-based regression approach. Benefiting from certain favorable properties of MSEWMA and the efficiency of rank-based regression estimators, the proposed chart is robust from the point of view of the in-control and out-of-control average run length, particularly when the process distribution is heavily tailed. An example with real data from a manufacturing facility shows that it performs well in application.
Polarity Items under Ellipsis

Polarity items (PIs) license the ellipsis of their non-polarity counterparts and vice versa: if ellipsis is subject to a syntactic identity constraint, then we must conclude that pairs like some any are syntactically identical in the relevant sense. One technical way of cashing this out is given, and further consequences are discussed. 1 Overview and analysis in brief The nature of polarity items has long been a topic of interest, because of the conditions on their limited distribution. This long note attempts to bring some conclusions from recent work on ellipsis to bear on the question of the nature of polarity items, concluding that polarity items in some instances should be analyzed as particular structure-dependent realizations of their non-polarity sensitive brethren. The argument is structured around a conditional: if the identity condition on ellipsis is defined (at least partially) over syntactic structures, then polarity items must be syntactically identical (in the relevant representation) to certain indefinites. In other words, a syntactic view of elliptical identity seems to require ∗Many thanks to the organizers of the Diagnosing Syntax workshop at Utrecht and Leiden, Lisa Cheng and Norbert Corver, as well as to the audiences there for excellent feedback. For comments on the ms, thanks to Anastasia Giannakidou, Marcel den Dikken, and Hedde Zeijlstra, and the two reviewers (not necessarily a disjoint set) for their excellent suggestions and questions; both reviewers rightly point out that the present note seems to be merely the tip of the iceberg of this line of reasoning.
Leveraging conscious and nonconscious learning for efficient AI

Various interpretations of the literature detailing the neural basis of learning have in part led to disagreements concerning how consciousness arises. Further, artificial learning model design has suffered in replicating intelligence as it occurs in the human brain. Here, we present a novel learning model, which we term the “Recommendation Architecture (RA) Model” from prior theoretical works proposed by Coward, using a dual-learning approach featuring both consequence feedback and non-consequence feedback. The RA model is tested on a categorical learning task where no two inputs are the same throughout training and/or testing. We compare this to three consequence feedback only models based on backpropagation and reinforcement learning. Results indicate that the RA model learns novelty more efficiently and can accurately return to prior learning after new learning with less computational resources expenditure. The final results of the study show that consequence feedback as interpretation, not creation, of cortical activity creates a learning style more similar to human learning in terms of resource efficiency. Stable information meanings underlie conscious experiences. The work provided here attempts to link the neural basis of nonconscious and conscious learning while providing early results for a learning protocol more similar to human brains than is currently available.
Experimental study of χb(2P)→ππχb(1P)

We have searched for the di-pion transition chi_b(2P) ->pi pi chi_b(1P) in the CLEO III sample of Upsilon(3S) decays in the exclusive decay chain: Upsilon(3S) ->gamma chi_b(2P), chi_b(2P) ->pi pi chi_b(1P), chi_b(1P) ->gamma Upsilon(1S), Upsilon(1S) ->lepton pairs. Our studies include both pi+ pi- and pi0 pi0, each analyzed both in fully reconstructed events and in events with one pion undetected. We show that the null hypothesis is not substantiated. Under reasonable assumptions, we find the partial decay width to be Gamma[chi_b(2P) ->pi pi chi_b(1P)] = (0.83 +/- 0.22 +/- 0.08 +/- 0.19) keV, with the uncertainties being statistical, internal CLEO systematics, and common systematics from outside sources.
Öğretmenliğe İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği Geliştirilmesi

In this study, an Attitude Scale Toward Teaching (ASTT) was developed. The scale was constructed in two different forms: one was four point graded likert type and the other was five point graded likert type. In the trial form both scales had 38 items. As a result of the analysis 15 items which were not working properly were omitted. The final forms of the scale are composed of 23 items each. Reliability and validity evidence was obtained for ASTT.
PETROLOGIC CONSTRAINTS ON AMORPHOUS AND CRYSTALLINE MAGNESIUM SILICATES: DUST FORMATION AND EVOLUTION IN SELECTED HERBIG Ae/Be SYSTEMS

The Infrared Space Observatory, Spitzer Space Telescope, and Herschel Space Observatory surveys provided a wealth of data on the Mg-silicate minerals (forsterite, enstatite), silica, and “amorphous silicates with olivine and pyroxene stoichiometry” around Herbig Ae/Be stars. These incredible findings do not resonate with the mainstream Earth Sciences because of (1) disconnecting “astronomical nomenclature” and the long existing mineralogical and petrologic terminology of minerals and amorphous materials, and (2) the fact that Earth scientists (formerly geologists) are bound by the “Principle of Actualism” that was put forward by James Hutton (1726–1797). This principle takes a process-oriented approach to understanding mineral and rock formation and evolution. This paper will (1) review and summarize the results of laboratory-based vapor phase condensation and thermal annealing experiments, (2) present the pathways of magnesiosilica condensates to Mg-silicate mineral (forsterite, enstatite) formation and processing, and (3) present mineralogical and petrologic implications of the properties and compositions of the infrared-observed crystalline and amorphous dust for the state of circumstellar disk evolution. That is, the IR-observation of smectite layer silicates in HD142527 suggests the break-up of asteroid-like parent bodies that had experienced aqueous alteration. We discuss the persistence of amorphous dust around some young stars and an ultrafast amorphous to crystalline dust transition in HD 163296 that leads to forsterite grains with numerous silica inclusions. These dust evolution processes to form forsterite, enstatite ± tridymite could occur due to amorphous magnesiosilica dust precursors with a serpentine- or smectite-dehydroxylate composition.
Ovarian dysfunction in women with Turner syndrome

Ovarian dysfunction is one of the most common features of women with Turner syndrome. In these women, oocyte apoptosis is markedly accelerated from the early stage of fetal life. Reduction in the number of germ cells disturbs primordial follicle development and thereby leads to the formation of streak gonads. There are three possible causes of accelerated germ cell loss in 45,X ovaries. First, chromosomal pairing failure due to X chromosomal aneuploidy is believed to induce meiotic arrest. Indeed, it has been suggested that the dosage of the X chromosome is more critical for the survival of the oocytes than for other cells in the ovary. Second, impaired coupling between oocytes and granulosa cells may also contribute to germ cell apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that 45,X ovaries may tend to lose tight junctions which are essential for intercellular interactions. Lastly, ovarian dysfunction in women with Turner syndrome is partly attributable to the reduced dosage of several genes on the X chromosome. Specifically, BMP15, PGRMC1, and some other genes on the X chromosome have been implicated in ovarian function. Further studies on the mechanisms of ovarian dysfunction are necessary to improve the reproductive outcomes of women with Turner syndrome.
A parametric generalization of the Hayne estimator for line transect sampling

The Hayne model for line transect sampling is generalized by using an elliptic (rather than circular) flushing model for animal detection. By assuming the ratio of major and minor axes lengths is constant for all animals, a model results which allows estimation of population density based directly upon sighting distances and sighting angles. The derived estimator of animal density is a generalization of the Hayne estimator for linetransect sampling.
Charge effects on hindrance factors for diffusion and convection of solute in pores I

The transport of a spherical solute through a long circular cylindrical pore filled with an electrolyte solution is studied numerically, in the presence of constant surface charge on the solute and the pore wall. Fluid dynamic analyses were carried out to calculate the flow field around the solute in the pore to evaluate the drag coefficients exerted on the solute. Electrical potentials around the solute in the electrolyte solution were computed based on a mean-field theory to provide the interaction energy between the charged solute and the pore wall. Combining the results of the fluid dynamic and electrostatic analyses, we estimated the rate of the diffusive and convective transport of the solute across the pore. Although the present estimates of the drag coefficients on the solute suggest more than 10% difference from existing studies, depending on the radius ratio of the solute relative to the pore and the radial position of the solute center in the pore, this difference leads to a minor effect on the hindrance factors. It was found that even at rather large ion concentrations, the repulsive electrostatic interaction between the charged solute and the pore wall of like charge could significantly reduce the transport rate of the solute.
Thermoelectric properties of Zintl compound Ca1−xNaxMg2Bi1.98

Motivated by good thermoelectric performance of Bi-based Zintl compounds Ca1−xYbxMg2Biy, we further studied the thermoelectric properties of Zintl compound CaMg2Bi1.98 by doping Na into Ca as Ca1−xNaxMg2Bi1.98 via mechanical alloying and hot pressing. We found that the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, power factor, and carrier concentration can be effectively adjusted by tuning the Na concentration. Transport measurement and calculations revealed that an optimal doping of 0.5 at. % Na achieved better average ZT and efficiency. The enhancement in thermoelectric performance is attributed to the increased carrier concentration and power factor. The low cost and nontoxicity of Ca1−xNaxMg2Bi1.98 makes it a potentially promising thermoelectric material for power generation in the mid-temperature range.
Country-of-origin effects on consumer cognitive structures and preference for foreign brands among elites

PurposeDespite the plethora of research into country-of-origin (COO) effects, research that investigates the cognitive structures behind elite consumers' preferences for foreign brands remains limited. Hence, this study aims to investigate the cognitive structures behind foreign brand preference among professional elites in Sri Lanka.Design/methodology/approachUsing the means-end chain (MEC) theory as the theoretical lens and building on the findings of 30 laddering interviews (semi-structured), a survey was conducted among 311 professional elites to uncover the key elements of the cognitive structures behind foreign brand preference.FindingsThe findings revealed that the cognitive structures behind foreign brand preference are influenced by a bundle of brand attributes, brand consequences and personal values of elites', which significantly influence their attitudes towards foreign brands. Multi-group analysis further revealed that the relationship between brand attributes and attitudes significantly differs across Chinese and US COOs where the path coefficient is stronger for elites' preference for Chinese brands.Originality/valueThis study is the first of its kind to explore the COO effects on consumer cognitive structures. The findings contribute to MEC theory and shed light on the understanding towards elites' preference for foreign brands.
Patient Pill Organization Strategies and Adherence Measured in a Cross-Sectional Study of Hypertension

Background The strategies patients use to organize medications (eg, pill dispenser) may be reflected in adherence measured at follow-up. We studied whether medication organization strategies patients use at home are associated with adherence measured using pharmacy-fills, self-report, and pill counts. Design Secondary analysis of data from a prospective randomized clinical trial. Setting Eleven US safety-net and community primary care clinics. Patients Of the 960 enrolled self-identified non-Hispanic Black and White patients prescribed antihypertensive medications, 731 patients reported pill organization strategies and were included. Variable Patients were asked if they use any of the following medication organization strategies: finish previous refills first; use a pill dispenser; combine same prescriptions; or combine dissimilar prescriptions. Outcomes Adherence to antihypertensive medications using pill counts (range, 0.0–1.0% of the days covered), pharmacy-fill (proportion of days covered >90%), and self-report (adherent/non-adherent). Results Of the 731 participants, 38.3% were men, 51.7% were age ≥65, 52.9% self-identified as Black or African American. Of the strategies studied, 51.7% finished previous refills first, 46.5% used a pill dispenser, 38.2% combined same prescriptions and 6.0% combined dissimilar prescriptions. Median (IQR) pill count adherence was 0.65 (0.40–0.87), pharmacy-fill adherence was 75.7%, and self-reported adherence was 63.2%. Those who combined same prescriptions had significantly lower measured pill count adherence than those who did not (0.56 (0.26–0.82) vs 0.70 (0.46–0.90), p<0.01) with no significant difference in pharmacy-fill (78.1% vs 74%, p=0.22) or self-reported adherence (63.0% vs 63.3%, p=0.93). Conclusion Self-reported medication organization strategies were common. Combining same prescriptions was associated with lower adherence as measured using pill counts but not pharmacy-fills or self-report. Clinicians and researchers should identify the pill organization strategies used by their patients to understand how these strategies may influence measures of patient adherence. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03028597; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03028597 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/72vcZMzAB).