Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Diffraction of Waves By a Penetrable Ribbon

The exact solution of the diffraction of waves by a dielectric ribbon or by an elliptical dielectric cylinder is obtained. Results are given in terms of Mathieu and modified Mathieu functions. It is found that each expansion coefficient of the scattered or transmitted wave is coupled to all coefficients of the series expansion for the incident wave, except when the elliptical cylinder degenerates to a circular one. Both polarizations of the incident wave are considered: one with the incident electric vector in the axial direction and the other with the incident magnetic vector in the axial direction. It is noted that the technique used in this paper to satisfy the boundary conditions may be applied to similar types of problems; such as the plasma‐coated ribbon radiator and the corresponding acoustical problems.
Rank 1 real Wishart spiked model

In this paper, we consider N‐dimensional real Wishart matrices Y in the class \input amssym $W_{\Bbb R} (\Sigma ,M)$ in which all but one eigenvalue of Σ is 1. Let the nontrivial eigenvalue of Σ be 1+τ; then as N, M → ∞, with M/N → γ2 finite and nonzero, the eigenvalue distribution of Y will converge into the Marchenko‐Pastur distribution inside a bulk region. When τ increases from 0, one starts to see a stray eigenvalue of Y outside of the support of the Marchenko‐Pastur density. As this stray eigenvalue leaves the bulk region, a phase transition will occur in the largest eigenvalue distribution of the Wishart matrix.
Imaging 55Fe electron tracks in a GEM-based TPC using a CCD readout

Images of resolved 5.9 keV electron tracks produced from 55Fe X-ray interactions are presented for the first time using an optical readout time projection chamber (TPC) . The corresponding energy spectra are also shown, with the FWHM energy resolution in the 30–40% range depending on gas pressure and gain. These tracks were produced in low pressure carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) gas, and imaged with a fast lens and low noise CCD camera system using the secondary scintillation produced in GEM/THGEM amplification devices. The GEM/THGEMs provided effective gas gains of ≳ 2 × 105 in CF4 at low pressures in the 25–100 Torr range. The ability to resolve such low energy particle tracks has important applications in dark matter and other rare event searches, as well as in X-ray polarimetry. A practical application of the optical signal from 55Fe is that it provides a tool for mapping the detector gain spatial uniformity.
Preliminary Trigonometric Parallaxes of 184 Late-T and Y Dwarfs and an Analysis of the Field Substellar Mass Function into the “Planetary” Mass Regime

We present preliminary trigonometric parallaxes of 184 late-T and Y dwarfs using observations from Spitzer (143), the U.S. Naval Observatory (18), the New Technology Telescope (14), and the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (9). To complete the 20 pc census of ≥T6 dwarfs, we combine these measurements with previously published trigonometric parallaxes for an additional 44 objects and spectrophotometric distance estimates for another 7. For these 235 objects, we estimate temperatures, sift into five 150 K wide Teff bins covering the range 300–1050 K, determine the completeness limit for each, and compute space densities. To anchor the high-mass end of the brown dwarf mass spectrum, we compile a list of early- to mid-L dwarfs within 20 pc. We run simulations using various functional forms of the mass function passed through two different sets of evolutionary code to compute predicted distributions in Teff. The best fit of these predictions to our L, T, and Y observations is a simple power-law model with α ≈ 0.6 (where ), meaning that the slope of the field substellar mass function is in rough agreement with that found for brown dwarfs in nearby star-forming regions and young clusters. Furthermore, we find that published versions of the log-normal form do not predict the steady rise seen in the space densities from 1050 to 350 K. We also find that the low-mass cutoff to formation, if one exists, is lower than ∼5 MJup, which corroborates findings in young, nearby moving groups and implies that extremely low-mass objects have been forming over the lifetime of the Milky Way.
Improved Results on Delay-Dependent H ∞ Control for Uncertain Systems with Time-Varying Delays

This paper deals with the problem of delay-dependent robust H ∞ control for uncertain systems with time-varying delays and norm-bounded parameter uncertainties. Firstly, some new delay-dependent stability criteria are proposed by exploiting a new Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and free-weighting matrices method. Secondly, based on the criteria obtained, a delay-dependent criterion for the existence of a memoryless state feedback H ∞ controller that ensures asymptotic stability and a prescribed H ∞ performance level of the closed-loop system for all admissible uncertainties is proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). These developed results enjoy much less conservatism than the existing ones due to the introduction of delay segmen-B tation approach to estimate the upper bound of the derivative of Lyapunov functional without ignoring some useful terms that take into account information of the time-delay. Finally, numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and beneﬁts of the proposed method.
Finite-Time L 2 – L ∞ Control for Stochastic Asynchronously Switched Systems with Time-Varying Delay and Nonlinearity

This paper deals with the problems of ﬁnite-time L 2 – L ∞ control for stochastic switched systems under asynchronous switching with time-varying delay and nonlinearity. Because of the presence of delay in the switching signal of controllers, the switching of the controllers is asynchronous with the switching of the subsystems. Firstly, based on average dwell time approach, merging switching signal technique and multiple Lyapunov function method, state feedback controllers are designed to guarantee the ﬁnite-time boundedness of stochastic switched time-delay systems under asynchronous switching by linearization techniques. Then the ﬁnite-time L 2 – L ∞ performance is analyzed. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Extremely large magnetoresistance and electronic structure of TmSb

We report the magnetotransport properties and the electronic structure of TmSb. TmSb exhibits extremely large transverse magnetoresistance and Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillation at low temperature and high magnetic field. Interestingly, the split of Fermi surfaces induced by the nonsymmetric spin-orbit interaction has been observed from SdH oscillation. The analysis of the angle-dependent SdH oscillation illustrates the contribution of each Fermi surface to the conductivity. The electronic structure revealed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and first-principles calculations demonstrates a gap at the $X$ point and the absence of band inversion. Combined with the trivial Berry phase extracted from SdH oscillation and the nearly equal concentrations of electron and hole from Hall measurements, it is suggested that TmSb is a topologically trivial semimetal and the observed XMR originates from the electron-hole compensation and high mobility.
Global M − Hypoellipticity, Global M − Solvability and Perturbations by Lower Order Ultradifferential Pseudodifferential Operators

We introduce a new class of ultradifferentiable pseudodifferential operators on the torus whose calculus allows us to show that global hypoellipticity, in ultradifferentiable classes, with a ﬁnite loss of derivatives of a system of pseudodifferential operators, is stable under perturbations by lower order pseudodifferential operators whose order depends on the loss of derivatives. The key point in our study is our deﬁnition of loss of derivatives. We also give an easy proof of the fact that if a system of pseudodifferential operators is globally M -hypoelliptic then its transpose is globally solvable in D (cid:2) M (cid:2) T N (cid:3) . Finally we present an application of our results.
Extension Principles for Dual Multiwavelet Frames of L 2 ( R s ) constructed from Multireﬁnable Generators

In this work we prove that any pair of homogeneous dual multiwavelet frames of L 2 ( R s ) constructed from a pair of reﬁnable function vectors gives rise to a pair of nonhomogeneous dual multiwavelet frames and vice versa. We also prove that the Mixed Oblique Extension Principle characterizes dual multiwavelet frames. Our results extend recent characterizations of afﬁne dual frames derived from scalar reﬁnable functions obtained in [3].
Dynamic and Static Characteristics of Rolling Rigid Bodies

Motion of a prismatic part, which rolls across a surface, is analyzed theoretically in consideration of stiffness and viscous damping about elastic deformation of edges of the part and the surface, and the motion is also investigated experimentally. Probability that the part will come to rest in a particular natural resting aspect is derived in consideration of dissipation of energy when the part bounces up and down.
Weighing Black Holes Using Tidal Disruption Events

While once rare, observations of stars being tidally disrupted by supermassive black holes are quickly becoming commonplace. To continue to learn from these events, it is necessary to robustly and systematically compare our growing number of observations with theory. We present a tidal disruption module for the Modular Open Source Fitter for Transients (MOSFiT) and the results from fitting 14 tidal disruption events (TDEs). Our model uses FLASH simulations of TDEs to generate bolometric luminosities and passes these luminosities through viscosity and reprocessing transformation functions to create multiwavelength light curves. It then uses an MCMC fitting routine to compare these theoretical light curves with observations. We find that none of the events show evidence for viscous delays exceeding a few days, supporting the theory that our current observing strategies in the optical/UV are missing a significant number of viscously delayed flares. We find that the events have black hole masses of 106–108 M⊙ and that the masses we predict are as reliable as those based on bulk galaxy properties. We also find that there is a preference for stars with mass <1 M⊙, as expected when low-mass stars greatly outnumber high-mass stars.
Effective Low-Energy Theory for Correlated Carbon Nanotubes

The low-energy theory for single-wall carbon nanotubes including Coulomb interactions is derived and analyzed. It describes two fermion chains without interchain hopping but coupled in a specific way by the interaction. The strong-coupling properties are studied by bosonization, and consequences for experiments on single armchair nanotubes are discussed.
Longitudinal analysis at three oral sites links oral microbiota to clinical outcomes in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant

ABSTRACT Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (allo-HSCT) is potentially curative for several hematological disorders. Before stem-cell infusion, recipients undergo a conditioning regimen with chemo/radiotherapy and immunosuppressants, requiring the use of antibiotics to treat and prevent infections. This regimen promotes drastic alterations in the recipient’s microbiota, including the oral microbiota, which have been associated with allo-HSCT complications and poor outcomes. However, long-term longitudinal studies on the oral microbiota of allo-HSCT recipients are scarce and disregard the existence of distinct microbiota within the oral cavity. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the longitudinal microbiota dynamics in a prospective cohort of 31 allo-HSCT recipients at three oral sites (gingival crevicular fluid, oral mucosa, and supragingival biofilm). We found declines in bacterial diversity and major shifts in microbiota composition in all oral sites during allo-HSCT, including blooms of potentially pathogenic genera. These blooms in some cases preceded respiratory infections caused by the blooming bacteria. We also noticed that differences in microbiota composition between oral sites were lost during allo-HSCT. Overall, after allo-HSCT, the distinct oral microbiota returned to their preconditioning state, although at variable levels of competence per patient. After stratifying patients based on recovery levels, we found that recoverers of the oral mucosa microbiota composition had earlier reconstitution of normal blood leukocyte counts. Most notably, oral mucosa microbiota recovery was an independent biomarker of better allo-HSCT outcomes. This study highlights the potential clinical impact of the oral microbiota in the allo-HSCT setting and the clinical value of tracking oral microbiota changes during allo-HSCT. IMPORTANCE The oral cavity is the ultimate doorway for microbes entering the human body. We analyzed oral microbiota dynamics in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients and showed that microbiota injury and recovery patterns were highly informative on transplant complications and outcomes. Our results highlight the importance of tracking the recipient’s microbiota changes during allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant to improve our understanding of its biology, safety, and efficacy. The oral cavity is the ultimate doorway for microbes entering the human body. We analyzed oral microbiota dynamics in allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients and showed that microbiota injury and recovery patterns were highly informative on transplant complications and outcomes. Our results highlight the importance of tracking the recipient’s microbiota changes during allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant to improve our understanding of its biology, safety, and efficacy.
Comparative analysis of pediatric Respiratory Syncytial Virus epidemiology and clinical severity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia, Canada

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affected Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) circulation and surveillance, causing logistical complexity for health systems. Our objective was to describe changes in epidemiology and clinical severity of RSV cases in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Methods: Comparative analysis of RSV detections in children <36 months at BC Children's Hospital (BCCH) between September 1 and August 31 of 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22. Results: About one-fifth of children tested RSV positive on average across all periods. The median age of RSV cases was 11.8 [IQR: 3.8 to 22.3] months in 2021-22 versus 6.3 [IQR: 1.9 to 16.7] months in 2017-20 (p<0.001). Increased testing in 2021-22 (n=3,120) compared to 2017-20 (average n=1,222) detected milder infections with lower proportion hospitalized in all age subgroups <6 (26.0%), 6-11 (12.3%), 12-23 (12.2%) and 24-35 (16.0%) months versus 2017-20 (49.3%, 53.5%, 62.6%, 57.5%, respectively) (all p<0.001). Children <6 months consistently comprised most hospitalizations and those born prematurely <29 weeks or with chronic respiratory co-morbidities remained at highest hospitalization risk in 2021-22. Among hospitalized cases, intensive care, respiratory support or supplemental oxygen use did not differ between the 2017-20 and 2021-22 periods. Conclusions: RSV circulation halted during the pandemic, but with the lifting of mitigation measures a subsequent resurgence in children <36 months of age was accompanied by shift toward older (24-35 month) cases in 2021-22, without increased severity. For the 2022-23 season, increased circulation and residual vulnerability in additional birth cohorts spared from RSV infection during the pandemic could have marked cumulative healthcare impact, even with the same proportion hospitalized.
Cold dust and its relation to molecular gas in the dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 4449

We present observations of the dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 4449 at 850m and 450m obtained with SCUBA at the JCMT. The distribution of the cold dust agrees well with that of the CO and H emission. To explain the integrated mm- through far-infrared continuum spectrum three dust components are required, with temperatures of 16 K, 39 K and 168 K, respectively. The dust mass is dominated by the cold dust component; we derive a total dust mass of3:8 10 6 M, and with the local gas-to-dust ratio of130 a total gas mass of MHI+H2 4:9 10 8 M. Comparison with the HI mass leads to a total molecular gas mass of3:4 10 8 M. We derive a conversion factor of the CO line intensity to molecular hydrogen column density XCO= NH2 =ICO which is at least 11 times larger than the Galactic value. These values are in accord with the lower metallicity of NGC 4449.
The masses of the cataclysmic variables AC Cancri and V363 Aurigae

We present time-resolved spectroscopy and photometry of the double-lined eclipsing cataclysmic variables AC Cnc and V363 Aur (= Lanning 10). There is evidence of irradiation on the inner hemisphere of the secondary star in both systems, which we correct for using a model that reproduces the observations remarkably well. We find the radial velocity of the secondary star in AC Cnc to be KR= 176 ± 3 km s−1 and its rotational velocity to be v sin i= 135 ± 3 km s−1. From these parameters we obtain masses of M1= 0.76 ± 0.03 M⊙ for the white-dwarf primary and M2= 0.77 ± 0.05 M⊙ for the K2 ± 1V secondary star, giving a mass ratio of q= 1.02 ± 0.04. We measure the radial and rotational velocities of the G7 ± 2V secondary star in V363 Aur to be KR= 168 ± 5 km s−1 and v sin i= 143 ± 5 km s−1, respectively. The component masses of V363 Aur are M1= 0.90 ± 0.06 M⊙ and M2= 1.06 ± 0.11 M⊙, giving a mass ratio of q= 1.17 ± 0.07. The mass ratios for AC Cnc and V363 Aur fall within the theoretical limits for dynamically and thermally stable mass transfer. Both systems are similar to the SW Sex stars, exhibiting single-peaked emission lines with transient absorption features, high-velocity S-wave components and phase-offsets in their radial-velocity curves. The Balmer lines in V363 Aur show a rapid increase in flux around phase 0 followed by a rapid decrease, which we attribute to the eclipse of an optically thick region at the centre of the disc. This model could also account for the behaviour of other SW Sex stars where the Balmer lines show only a shallow eclipse compared to the continuum.
Uncrowding R 136 from VLT-SPHERE extreme adaptive optics

This paper presents the sharpest near-IR images of the massive cluster R136 to date, based on the extreme adaptive optics of the SPHERE focal instrument implemented on the ESO/VLT and operated in its IRDIS imaging mode. Stacking-up a few hundreds of short exposures in J and Ks spectral bands over a FoV of 10.9"x12.3" centered on the R136a1 stellar component, enabled us to carry a refined photometric analysis of the core of R136. We detected 1110 and 1059 sources in J and Ks images respectively with 818 common sources. Thanks to better angular resolution and dynamic range, we found that more than 62.6% (16.5%) of the stars, detected both in J and Ks data, have neighbours closer than 0.2" (0.1"). Among resolved and detected sources R136a1 and R136c have visual companions and R136a3 is resolved as two stars separated by 59mas. The new set of detected sources were used to re-assess the age and extinction of R136 based on 54 spectroscopically stars that have been recently studied with HST slit-spectroscopy. Over 90% of these 54 sources identified visual companions (closer than 0.2"). We found the most probable age and extinction for these sources within the photometric and spectroscopic error-bars. Additionally, using PARSEC evolutionary isochrones and tracks, we estimated the stellar mass range for each detected source (common in J and K data) and plotted the generalized histogram of mass (MF with error-bars). Using SPHERE data, we have gone one step further and partially resolved and studied the IMF covering mass range of (3-300) Msun at the age of 1 and 1.5 Myr. The density in the core of R136 is estimated and extrapolated in 3D and larger radii (up to 6pc). We show that the stars in the core are still unresolved due to crowding, and the results we obtained are upper limits. Higher angular resolution is mandatory to overcome these difficulties.
Phonons and structures of tetracene polymorphs at low temperature and high pressure

Crystals of tetracene have been studied by means of lattice phonon Raman spectroscopy as a function of temperature and pressure. Two different phases (polymorphs I and II) have been obtained, depending on sample preparation and history. Polymorph I is the most frequently grown phase, stable at ambient conditions. A pressure induced phase transition, observed above 1 GPa, leads to polymorph II, which is also obtained at temperatures below 140 K. Polymorph II can also be maintained at ambient conditions. We have calculated the crystallographic structures and phonon frequencies as a function of temperature, starting from the configurations of the energy minima found by exploring the potential energy surface of crystalline tetracene. The spectra calculated for the first and second deepest minima match satisfactorily those measured for polymorphs I and II, respectively. All published x-ray structures, once assigned to the appropriate polymorph, are also reproduced.
Transiting Planets with LSST. III. Detection Rate per Year of Operation

The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will generate light curves for approximately 1 billion stars. Our previous work has demonstrated that, by the end of the LSST 10-year mission, large numbers of transiting exoplanetary systems could be recovered using the LSST “deep-drilling” cadence. Here, we extend our previous work to examine how the recoverability of transiting planets over a range of orbital periods and radii evolves per year of LSST operation. As specific example systems, we consider hot Jupiters orbiting solar-type stars and hot Neptunes orbiting K-dwarfs at distances from Earth of several kpc, as well as super-Earths orbiting nearby low-mass M-dwarfs. The detection of transiting planets increases steadily with the accumulation of data over time, generally becoming large (≳10%) after 4–6 years of operation. However, we also find that short-period (≲2 days) hot Jupiters orbiting G-dwarfs and hot Neptunes orbiting K-dwarfs can already be discovered within the first 1–2 years of LSST operation.
Condensation transitions in a one-dimensional zero-range process with a single defect site

Condensation occurs in nonequilibrium steady states when a finite fraction of the particles in the system occupies a single lattice site. We study condensation transitions in a one-dimensional zero-range process with a single defect site. The system is analysed in the grand canonical and canonical ensembles and the two are contrasted. Two distinct condensation mechanisms are found in the grand canonical ensemble. Discrepancies between the infinite and large but finite systems' particle current versus particle density diagrams are investigated and an explanation for how the finite current goes above a maximum value predicted for infinite systems is found in the canonical ensemble.