Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecological determinants of obesity risk in Mexican infants: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a multifactorial disease. Most of these factors start to develop before birth and worsen throughout life. Therefore, prevention efforts should begin in the first 1000 days of life. This study aimed to quantify published studies on risk factors according to the Six-Cs model of childhood obesity (cell, child, clan, culture, community, and country) and determine which of them have been related to anthropometric indicators of overweight or obesity in children under 2 years of age in Mexico. METHODS A systematic scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) was performed. PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases were reviewed. RESULTS We found that 88% of the studies were observational. The child and family spheres were the most studied, individually and as a whole. The least studied were community, culture, and country. The main risk factors related to obesity indicators were high birth weight, birth by cesarean section, and inadequate feeding practices, in addition to mothers with obesity and those who underestimate their child's weight, stressful parenting style, and food insecurity in the home, together with living in urban areas, family income, and beliefs about preference for ultra-processed products. CONCLUSION In Mexico, the study of obesity in early childhood is emerging at the research level. However, further efforts are required to close the knowledge gap at the socioecological level to design evidence-based interventions and reduce early obesity.
Saturated Cannabinoids: Update on Synthesis Strategies and Biological Studies of These Emerging Cannabinoid Analogs

Natural and non-natural hexahydrocannabinols (HHC) were first described in 1940 by Adam and in late 2021 arose on the drug market in the United States and in some European countries. A background on the discovery, synthesis, and pharmacology studies of hydrogenated and saturated cannabinoids is described. This is harmonized with a summary and comparison of the cannabinoid receptor affinities of various classical, hybrid, and non-classical saturated cannabinoids. A discussion of structure–activity relationships with the four different pharmacophores found in the cannabinoid scaffold is added to this review. According to laboratory studies in vitro, and in several animal species in vivo, HHC is reported to have broadly similar effects to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the main psychoactive substance in cannabis, as demonstrated both in vitro and in several animal species in vivo. However, the effects of HHC treatment have not been studied in humans, and thus a biological profile has not been established.
Who are the convoys of the happiness of Chinese urban residents? Research on social relations and subjective well-being based on the convoy model

Introduction While the rapid advancement of urbanization has driven the improvement of material living standards, it has also brought about rapid social changes and intensified competition. In this “involutive” environment characterized by highly competitive and strong pressure, urban residents tend to fall into a state of “mental exhaustion. ” Anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and other mental illnesses have seriously threatened public health in Chinese cities. Support from social relations is crucial for enhancing residents’ subjective well-being (SWB) and promoting their mental health, especially in China’s highly contextualized collectivist culture. Methods According to the social structure of China’s “difference sequence pattern,” this paper constructs a theoretical framework of the relationship between social relations and SWB based on the convoy model and uses CGSS2018 data to verify the applicability of the theoretical framework. Results Kinship and friendship positively relate to SWB, and their interaction effect is significantly negative. There is no necessary correlation between neighborhood and SWB. The relationship between social relations and SWB of different age groups is heterogeneous. In addition, the moderating effects of relative income and social class are significantly negative. Discussion Kinship and friendship are Chinese urban residents’ SWB convoys, and these two factors have an obvious substitution effect. The neighborhood has withdrawn from the convoy orbit of Chinese urban residents’ SWB, which may be related to neighborhood indifference caused by China’s housing system reform. From the life course perspective, the SWB convoys of young and middle-aged groups consist of kinship and friendship, while those of elderly people include kinship and neighborhood. In addition, for poor individuals living at the bottom of society, support from kinship is the most important source of social capital. These findings provide new insights into the relationship between social relations and the welfare of Chinese urban residents.
Assessment of the health status of Lake Nokoué (Benin, West Africa) exposed to multiple pollutants during flood season

ABSTRACT This study used the levels of pollutants and the histopathological analysis of the gonads and liver of Sarotherodon melanotheron sampled in Lake Nokoué and Lake Toho, both in Benin (West Africa) to assess the health status of the ecosystems. Sixty adults (30 males and 30 females) of this species were caught during the flooding seasons from both Lake Nokoué, and Lake Toho (as a reference). The physicochemical parameters of the water and the heavy metal contents (Pb, Cd, Hg) in water/sediment/fish of three sites (S1, S2, S3) in Lake Nokoué and two sites (S4, S5) in Lake Toho were analysed. Results confirm very strong organic status with organic pollution index ranging from 1.25 to 1.5. Pb, Cd, and Hg levels in the water/sediment/fish muscle tissue of Lake Nokoué were far exceeding international standards. The histopathology of gonads revealed testis-ova up to 40% in males and follicular atretic oocytes up to 33.33% in females, indicated oestrogenic effects from the pollutants with a delay of spermatogenesis and stimulation of oogenesis. The histopathology of the liver revealed the presence of regressive changes. The findings call for actions to protect the ecosystem from pollution and attention in terms of health of humans consuming fish products from Lake Nokoué.
Polarimetric SAR for the monitoring of agricultural crops

The monitoring of agricultural crops is a matter of great importance. Remote sensing has been unanimously recognized as one of the most important techniques for agricultural crops monitoring. Within the framework of active remote sensing, the capabilities of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to provide fine spatial resolution and a wide area coverage, both in day and night time and almost under all weather conditions, make it a key tool for agricultural applications, including the monitoring and the estimation of phenological stages of crops. The monitoring of crop phenology is fundamental for the planning and the triggering of cultivation practices, since they require timely information about the crop conditions along the cultivation cycle. Due to the sensitivity of polarization of microwaves to crop structure and dielectric properties of the canopy, which in turn depend on the crop type, retrieval of phenology of agricultural crops by means of polarimetric SAR measurements is a promising application of this technology, especially after the launch of a number of polarimetric satellite sensors. In this thesis C-band polarimetric SAR measurements are used to estimate pheno- logical stages of agricultural crops. The behavior of polarimetric SAR observables at different growth stages is analyzed and then estimation procedures, aimed at the retrieval of such stages, are defined. The second topic on which this thesis is focused on is the land cover types discrimi- nation by means of X-band multi-polarization SAR data.
The sensitivity of the measurement of pollution in the troposphere (MOPITT) retrievals of carbon monoxide to the lowermost troposphere

In this thesis, the measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) obtained from an nadir sounding Measurement Of Pollution In The troposphere (MOPITT) instrument are used. Atmospheric CO is one of the most abundant and widely distributed air pollutant and is a very important indirect greenhouse gas via its reaction with the OH radical which in turn controls the oxidising capacity of the troposphere. In this thesis, the MOPITT Level 2 Version 3 (L2V3) retrieved CO data is primarily used and compared with recently released (April 2009) Level 2 Version 4 (L2V4) retrieved CO data to examine the potential of the MOPITT instrument to differentiate emission features in the lowermost troposphere including mega-cities. This study develops a novel robust methodology using day-night difference profile simulations to examine the ability of the instrument to identify CO enhancements in the lowermost layer of the atmosphere using ‘typical’ averaging kernels. More realistic CO profiles from the TOMCAT model are then used to validate this methodology. The day-night difference simulations are performed for the Indian subcontinent. It is shown that for L2V3, the daytime and nighttime degrees of freedom for a signal (DOFS) exhibit a bi-modal distribution for all selected Indian regions. The L2V3 simulation study clearly demonstrates, for higher DOFS, that day700-night700 differences give a closer differentiation of lowermost CO than other measures for MOPITT data, the first time that this has been processed. For L2V4, similar DOFS distributions are observed for the Indian subcontinent. The L2V4 simulation study also demonstrates for the first time that day850-night700 CO differences give a closer differentiation of lowermost CO by taking account of L2V4 day and night a priori mixing ratios. Finally, the methodologies developed in chapter 3 and 4 are applied to identify spatially isolated signals of lowermost CO for one year of data i.e. 2007. Features associated with nearly 100 cities are identified, the use of thresholds for higher DOFS retrievals and the use of non-surface retrieval levels with less tie to a priori. The significant step forward being consistent day-night differences for two different analyses (L2V3, L2V4).
Association of food safety knowledge and practice with microbiological contamination in street vended fruit juice: A cross-sectional study in Chattogram metropolitan city

In Bangladesh, the cost, taste, and warm, humid climate all encourage street juice consumption. However, practices for making street juices safely have come under threat, which has led to microbial growth in the juices. The purpose of this study is to look into the practices and cleanliness of the street sellers as well as the microbiological load. A pretested questionnaire was used to evaluate 71 roadside vendors' awareness of food safety practices. For the purpose of microbiological quantification, representative samples of 10 lemon juice and 10 sugarcane juice were obtained from 20 merchants out of the 71 respondents. The range of Total Plate Count (TPC) and Total Coliform Count (TCC) for lemon juice was 8.58×102 -4.38×104 cfu/ml and 6-34 cfu/ml respectively. For sugarcane juice the counts were 1.24×104 -8.34×104 cfu/ml and 17-54 cfu/ml respectively. Some food safety and hygiene practices and knowledge showed significant associations with the microbial load in the fruit juices including lack of safety knowledge on food poisoning (70%), presence of microorganism on dirty hands (70%), elevation of contamination on food by insanitary surroundings (70%) reluctance to wearing gloves (75%), poor waste management facilities (73%). Therefore, the study recommends focused food safety training to minimize microbial contamination.
Estimation of Storm Surges on the Coast of Busan

Each year, the coast of Busan is badly damaged, due to storm surge. The damages are greatly dependent upon the local peculiarities of the region in which the storm surge occurs. So, in order to prevent/reduce recurrence of the disaster due to the storm surge, it is very important to investigate the fluctuation characteristics of the storm surge height, related to the local peculiarities at each coastal area in which the occurrence of the disaster is expected. In this paper, using the numerical model, the storm surge was simulated to examine its fluctuation characteristics at the coast of Busan Typhoons of Sarah (5914), Thelma (8705) and Maemi (0314), which caused terrible damage to the coastal areas alongthe coast of Busan in the past, were taken as an object of the storm surge simulations. Moreover, the storm surge due to virtual typhoons, which were combined with the characteristics of each proposed typhoon (Maemi, Sarah, Thelma), compared to the travel routes of other typhoons, was predicted. As expected, the results revealed that the storm surge heights are enhanced at the coastal region with the concavity like a long-shaped bay. Also, the storm surge heights, due to each typhoon, were compared and discussed at major points along the coast of Busan, related to the local peculiarities, as well as the characteristics and the travel route of the typhoon.
Acclimation and Blood Sampling: Effects on Stress Markers in C57Bl/6J Mice

Simple Summary Blood sampling from laboratory animals is a routine procedure in biomedical research, and husbandry is known to affect the quality of animal models. The effect of handling required by these techniques can have a major impact on the condition and responses of experimental animals. Comparing three common methods of blood extraction in mice, i.e., saphenous vein phlebotomy, caudal vein phlebotomy and tail cut blood collection, together with the effect of acclimation, we study which technique is less stressful for the animal. Our results suggest that saphenous vein phlebotomy causes less stress even when acclimation is not performed. Abstract Blood sampling in rodents is common practice in scientific studies. Some of the refined methods widely used are the puncture of the saphenous vein or tail vein, or even tail docking. The handling needs of these different blood sampling methods are different and can directly affect stress, increasing the variability of the study. Moreover, there is less aversion and stress if the animal is accustomed to the environment, handling and technique. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the influence of these three blood sampling techniques (saphenous puncture, tail vein puncture and tail vein docking) and the use of previous acclimation on different indicators of animal stress, assessing blood glucose concentrations and faecal corticosterone metabolites (FCMs). Twenty-four young adult male and female C57Bl6/J mice were divided in three groups by sampling method: tail docking (TD), saphenous vein puncture (SV) and caudal vein puncture (CV) groups. All mice were studied with and without acclimation, which was performed during 9 consecutive days. The results showed that both males and females present very similar responses to the different handling and sampling methods without significant differences. Nevertheless, acclimation in all sampling methods decreased glucose and FCM levels significantly. The method that obtained the lowest glucose and FCM levels with significance was saphenous vein puncture. Therefore, we can say that it causes less stress when performing prior acclimation, even when this involves greater handling of the animal. Our results contribute to refinement within the 3R concept and could serve researchers to programme and select a good handling technique and a welfare-friendly blood sampling method for their experiments.
Use of cutting-edge RNA-sequencing technology to identify biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in canine and feline cancers and other diseases

With the growing interest in companion animals and the rapidly expanding animal healthcare and pharmaceuticals market worldwide. With the advancements in RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology, it has become a valuable tool for understanding biological processes in companion animals and has multiple applications in animal healthcare. Historically, veterinary diagnoses and treatments relied solely on clinical symptoms and drugs used in human diseases. However, RNA-seq has emerged as an effective technology for studying companion animals, providing insights into their genetic information. The sequencing technology has revealed that not only messenger RNAs (mRNAs) but also non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as long ncRNAs and microRNAs can serve as biomarkers. Based on the examination of RNA-seq applications in veterinary medicine, particularly in dogs and cats, this review concludes that RNA-seq has significant potential as a diagnostic and research tool. It has enabled the identification of potential biomarkers for cancer and other diseases in companion animals. Further research and development are required to maximize the utilization of RNA-seq for improved disease diagnosis and therapeutic targeting in companion animals.
Endovascular Treatment for Subclavian Artery Stenosis and Occlusion: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Background: Subclavian artery stenosis and occlusion are common arterial diseases in the upper extremities, with atherosclerosis being the main cause. Endovascular treatment has emerged as a promising alternative to open surgical repair, but data are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of endovascular procedures in the treatment of subclavian artery lesions at a tertiary vascular center in Vietnam. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent endovascular treatment for symptomatic subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion between October 2013 and April 2022. Clinical characteristics, procedural details, short- and long-term outcomes, and patency rates were assessed. Results: Twenty-five patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 56.8 years. The majority of patients had risk factors for atherosclerosis, and all presented with symptoms related to subclavian artery disease. The endovascular procedures were successful in 96% of cases, with a low complication rate of 8%. During a median follow-up of 43 months, the overall patency rate was 92% at three years. Conclusion: Endovascular treatment of subclavian artery stenosis and occlusion is a safe and effective option, with excellent long-term patency rates. These findings support the use of percutaneous revascularization as the first-line therapy, particularly in experienced centers. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these results.
Support for vigilantism in cyberspace: exploring procedural justice, distributive justice, and legal legitimacy

ABSTRACT Vigilantism, harmful acts conducted in response to social deviance and criminal activities, are increasingly happening in cyberspace. These cyber acts often have detrimental effects, and efforts at prosecution attempts can be unsuccessful, difficult, or nearly impossible. An understanding of support for cyber vigilantism can help deter activity and mitigate some of the associated harms. The paper, using US-based survey data, tests whether public perceptions of distributive and procedural justice, via perceived legitimacy of the criminal justice system, are associated with support for cyber vigilantism. The findings provide support for the process-based model of legitimacy. Procedural justice is mediated by legitimacy in its influence on support. Distributive justice, however, has a strong direct association with cyber vigilantism support. The paper discusses the implications of the findings for the field of cyber vigilantism.
Identification and delineation of settlement space functions in the south Scandinavian Iron Age: theoretical perspectives and practical approaches

This article presents an overview of methods used in south Scandinavian archaeology for identification and delineation of settlement space functions. The overview includes commonly utilised archaeological approaches, such as artefact distribution studies and inferences based on assessment of house and settlement morphologies, as well as archaeobotanical, geochemical and geophysical approaches to functional analysis. The theoretical potential and limitations of each presented functional parameter are outlined and thereafter applied and compared using material from five case study sites in east-central Jutland, Halland and Bohuslän. The presentation of the site of Gedved Vest in east-central Jutland also incorporates a comparison of two common approaches to geochemical sampling: 1) sampling and analysis of soil retrieved from feature fills, and 2) horizontal sampling of soil from the interface between the topsoil (A/ Ap) and the subsoil (C) - horizons along a pre-determined grid.
Similarity-based reasoning in conceptual spaces

Whereas the validity of deductive inferences can be characterized in terms of their logical form, this is not true for all inferences that appear pre-theoretically valid. Nonetheless, philosophers have argued that at least some of those inferences—sometimes called “similarity-based inferences” —can be given a formal treatment with the help of similarity spaces, which are mathematical spaces purporting to represent human similarity judgments. In these inferences, we conclude that a given property pertains to a category of items on the grounds that the same property pertains to a similar category of items. We look at a specific proposal according to which the strength of such inferences is a function of the distance, as measured in the appropriate similarity space, between the category referenced in the premise and the category referenced in the conclusion. We report the outcomes of three studies that all support the said proposal.
TRMM Latent Heating Retrieval and Comparisons with Field Campaigns and Large-Scale Analyses

1 Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA 2 Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan 3 Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD, USA 4 Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan UMBC Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, Baltimore, MD, USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science & Engineering, University of California, CA. USA Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA Dept. of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA NASA Headquarters, Science Mission Directorate, Washington D.C., USA Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Earth Observation Research Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Japan
Rethinking the reliability and accuracy of biomarkers in CNS-originating EVs for Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Taha. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Rethinking the reliability and accuracy of biomarkers in CNS-originating EVs for Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy