Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Code Complexity and Version History for Enhancing Hybrid Bug Localization

Software projects are not void from bugs when they are released, so the developers keep receiving bug reports that describe technical issues. The process of identifying the buggy code files that correspond to the submitted bug reports is called bug localization. Automating the bug localization process can speed up bug fixing and improve the productivity of the developers, especially with a large number of submitted bug reports. Several automatic bug localization approaches were proposed in the literature reviews which are based on the textual and /or semantic similarity among the bug reports and the source code files. Nevertheless, none of the previous approaches made use of the source code complexity despite its importance; as high complexity source code files have higher probabilities to be modified than the low complexity files and are prone to bug occurrences. To improve the accuracy of the automatic bug localization task, this paper proposes a Hybrid Bug Localization approach (HBL) that makes full use of textual and semantic features of source code files, previously fixed bug reports, in addition to the source code complexity and version history properties. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was assessed using three open-source Java projects, ZXing, SWT, and AspectJ, of different sizes. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches in terms of the mean average precision (MAP) and the mean reciprocal rank (MRR) metrics.
On-Campus Over-the-Air Millimeter-Wave Channel Evaluation for Connected and Automated Mobility

High throughput wireless communication between vehicles and infrastructure will rely on millimeter-wave carriers and technology, which provide access to large bandwidths whilst still being able to establish stable links over distances of hundreds of meters. The work presented here, evaluates the quality of such signals in a mini-urban campus environment, by comparing detailed channel sounding results with signal quality parameters such as the error vector magnitude and the established data throughput. This provides insights into the relationships between fundamental parameters used to establish channel models and the quality of service parameters used in applications and standards. For the environment investigated, a strong threshold dependence of the signal quality on the received power is observed and explained in detail.
Performance Analysis and Optimization for MTTKRP of Sparse Tensor on CPU and GPU

CANDECOMP/PARAFAC Decomposition (CPD), as a significant method for processing high-dimensional data, can perform dimension reduction and feature extraction while preserving the potential structural relationships effectively. However, the performance of CPD is limited by Matricized-tensor times Khatri-Rao product (MTTKRP). In this paper, we improve the computational efficiency of MTTKRP based on the GPU parallel technology. First, we use a tensor compressed format that eliminates redundant computational steps and enhances parallelism for the computing characteristics in MTTKRP. Second, we implement an algorithm of MTTKRP on sparse tensors. Third, we propose threads division strategies to maximize the computational efficiency of GPU. The inter-warp load imbalance is avoided by combining the warp execution method and shared memory. Compared to the state-of-the-art library ParTI, our optimized approach achieves up to $3. 58 \times $ speedup on artist tensor in mode-1 and $1. 59 \times $ average speedup on five tensors.
Analysis of the Electrical Parameters of SOI Junctionless Nanowire Transistors at High Temperatures

This work studies the effects of the temperature variation, from 300K to 500K, on the electrical parameters of SOI n-type and p-type junctionless nanowire transistors. The temperature influence on the threshold voltage, subthreshold slope, and the effective carrier mobility were analyzed. The mobility scattering mechanisms were analyzed and show that nanowire devices have the phonon scattering as their major component, although there is a significant component of the ionized impurity scattering that can be identified as well. These electrical parameters were also analyzed for short channel devices with a channel length of 40nm. P-type devices showed higher degradation with the temperature as the doping concentration is higher than n-type devices.
Malchain: Virtual Application Behaviour Profiling by Aggregated Microservice Data Exchange Graph

In the recent literature, Machine Learning (ML) techniques are increasingly used to detect the abnormal behaviour for different applications. Recently, these applications have moved to the cloud and virtualized environments due to the unique benefits such as deployment agility, scalability, flexibility and resiliency. However, those benefits pose a new challenge for classical ML approaches to accurately identify abnormal behaviours due to their highly dynamic and heterogeneous nature. In this paper, we propose a new approach Malchain for profiling virtual applications based on using a new concept: microservice role. The roles are used to provide a consistent view of the virtual application addressing the mentioned new challenges. The microservice data exchange graph built using this consistent view is then used to extract features providing the appropriate measures to profile the aggregated behaviour of the microservices comprising a virtual application. We show the efficiency and feasibility of our approach by implementing several different real-world attacks, and measuring high detection rates (86%-99%) for those attacks.
Self-encapsulation of a drug-containing ionic liquid into mesoporous silica monoliths or nanoparticles by a sol–gel process

The direct sol–gel encapsulation of an ionic liquid comprising a long alkyl chain imidazolium cation (1-methyl-3-octyl-imidazolium) and ibuprofenate anion, an active pharmaceutical ingredient, has been investigated. Silica ionogels either in the form of centimeter sized monoliths or nanometer sized particles were obtained depending on the conditions used. In both cases, the ionic liquid acted as a templating agent and a catalyst, promoting its own encapsulation. Monolithic ionogels were prepared by a simple hydrolytic method using tetramethoxysilane as the silica source. High pore volumes were measured after removal of the ionic liquid, in relation with the bulkiness of the ions. Typically, surface areas and pore volumes as high as 812 m2 g−1 and 1.25 cm3 g−1 were obtained using a low ionic liquid to silica ratio equal to 0.25, but still representing a high Ibuprofen loading equal to 46 wt%. At the same time, the ibuprofenate anion acted as a catalyst for the sol–gel reaction and a relatively high condensation degree was obtained (88%). Moreover, it was possible to benefit from the fact that the ionic liquid self-organized into micelles in aqueous solutions to incorporate it into mesoporous silica nanospheres in the absence of any organic solvent or other additives using tetraethoxysilane as the silica source. The mechanism involved was evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Spherical silicate micelles of 30–40 nm were first formed, followed by their aggregation into spherical nanoparticles. Effects of time, temperature, and ionic liquid concentration on the formation of these silica nanospheres were also investigated.
Microspectroscopy – Promising Techniques to Characterize Phosphorus in Soil

ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all forms of life and is applied as fertilizer in agriculture. The P availability for plants may be highly dependent on the chemical state of P in fertilizers and soils; however, the nature of this dependence remains obscure due to the limitations of generally applied wet chemical and instrumental analytical approaches. This paper focuses on recently developed infrared, Raman, ultraviolet and X-ray microspectroscopic techniques for the characterization of P in soil. Microspectroscopic techniques have the advantage that discrete P phases can be distinguished and characterized even if their mass fractions are very low. However, only small volumes of soil can be analyzed by microspectroscopic methods hence a combination of macro- and microspectroscopic techniques is a promising concept.
Improving the Performance of Photovoltaic by Using Artificial Intelligence Optimization Techniques

- Photovoltaic (PV) systems are taking a leading role as a solar-based renewable energy source (RES) because of their unique advantages. This trend is being increased in the field of Seawater desalination. This paper presents a study on the Seawater Desalination Plant (SWDP) located in Egypt feeding from the utility network. The main challenge in such a non-linear system with a high level of variability is the optimum sizing of the SWDP with the proposed whole solar-powered while keeping good dynamic performance. In this article, a solid electrical load analysis is presented to assess the optimal design of SWDP fed by the PV system. Moreover, optimal maximum power point tracking controllers (MPPTCs) are developed to enhance the dynamic performance of SWDP fed by the PV system. To accomplish this study, a real grid connected seawater desalination plant located in Egypt is implemented. The selected SWDP is producing 700 m3/day. The real experimental data of the plant were extracted through daily readings of electricity consumption and water production meters. This experimental data is then introduced to the HOMER program to suggest the optimal components of the PV system based on the minimum net present cost. The developed power plant consists of a Photovoltaic (PV) array, DC/AC converter, load and grid. Also, to tackle the challenge of the low conversion efficiency of the PV system, three MPPTCs are investigated to improve the dynamic performance of the proposed SWDP fed by the PV system. Incremental Conductance in conjunction with three artificial intelligence (AI) optimization techniques (Particle Swarm Optimization, Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Harris Hawks Optimization) is developed for the assessment of the dynamic performance of the presented SWDP fed by PV. The system was constructed, modeled and simulated through MATLAB/SIMULINK. The attained results of the three methods are promising in extracting the maximum power with minimum error from the PV system while improving the performance of SWDP. The obtained simulation, as well as experimental results, proves the efficacy of the suggested optimal design strategy.
Analysis of the Quality Parameter Requirements of National Standard Development for Battery Swap in Electric Vehicles

The electric vehicle industry is expected to increase from year to year. Electric vehicles used energy stored in battery packs. The battery requires a long energy charge when the energy in the battery runs out. The solution to this energy charging time is a battery swap system. The purpose of this study was to analyze the parameters of the quality requirements for the development of a national standard battery for electric vehicles. The sampling method was carried out by non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling method. Respondents consist of various types of stakeholders who are directly related to electric vehicles so that this approach is expected to be able to answer the needs of the standard parameters of electric vehicle swap batteries in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Based on the research results obtained several parameters, namely the type of battery, battery size and dimensions, security system requirements, communication, protection against electric shock, equipment construction requirements, electromagnetic compatibility, and marking and instructions. It is expected that these parameters can be taken into consideration for inclusion in the Indonesian National Standard governing battery swap in electric vehicles.
RANKL and RANK in extracellular vesicles: surprising new players in bone remodeling

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B-ligand (RANKL), its receptor RANK, and osteoprotegerin which binds RANKL and acts as a soluble decoy receptor, are essential controllers of bone remodeling. They also play important roles in establishing immune tolerance and in the development of the lymphatic system and mammary glands. In bone, RANKL stimulates osteoclast formation by binding RANK on osteoclast precursors and osteoclasts. This is required for bone resorption. Recently, RANKL and RANK have been shown to be functional components of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Data linking RANKL and RANK in EVs to biological regulatory roles are reviewed, and crucial unanswered questions are examined. RANKL and RANK are transmembrane proteins and their presence in EVs allows them to act at a distance from their cell of origin. Because RANKL-bearing osteocytes and osteoblasts are often spatially distant from RANK-containing osteoclasts in vivo, this may be crucial for the stimulation of osteoclast formation and bone resorption. RANK in EVs from osteoclasts has the capacity to stimulate a RANKL reverse signaling pathway in osteoblasts that promotes bone formation. This serves to couple bone resorption with bone formation and has inspired novel bifunctional therapeutic agents. RANKL- and RANK- containing EVs in serum may serve as biomarkers for bone and immune pathologies. In summary, EVs containing RANKL and RANK have been identified as intercellular regulators in bone biology. They add complexity to the central signaling network responsible for maintaining bone. RANKL- and RANK-containing EVs are attractive as drug targets and as biomarkers.
Role of admission cardiotocography and amniotic fluid index on perinatal outcome in low risk pregnancy at term

Normal or low-risk pregnancy constitutes majority of pregnant population. Foetal surveillance during labour is necessary to ensure safe passage of the foetus from an intrauterine to an extra uterine environment with minimum intervention. A number of technical breakthroughs occurred in the 20 century that led to development of admission Cardio-tocography (CTG) in the 1960’s to monitor fetal heart rate and uterine contractions. Clinical estimation of amniotic fluid volume (AFV) measured as Amniotic fluid index (AFI) is another important part of fetal assessment as variation in its amount has been related to the outcome of pregnancy. Both the above methods are routinely used in clinical practice to identify fetal well-being as they are quick and easily accessible in the labor room.
Ensuring auditor independence: The case for small and medium practices in Malaysia

Research aim: The study aims to examine small and medium audit firms’ compliance with the independence requirements as stipulated in the International Standard on Quality Control 1 (ISQC 1) in Malaysia.Design/ Methodology/ Approach: This study is qualitative in nature. It uses semi-structured interviews to gather input from 27 managers and partners of small and medium audit firms in Malaysia.Research findings: The findings highlight variations in compliance practices on the independence requirements among small and medium audit firms. Some of the firms partially complied with the independence requirements, whereas others showed non-compliance. The findings further indicate that the majority documented their independence policies and procedures using an audit manual or audit checklist, communicated during the year. The study also found that the lack of financial and physical resources is considered the main hindrance to greater compliance.Theoretical contribution/ Originality: There is a lack of research on the actual compliance with the independence requirements among small and medium firms in emerging economies. This study addressed that gap by focusing on small and medium audit firms in Malaysia. The majority of previous studies on regulatory inspection had focused on Anglo-Saxon countries.Practitioner/ Policy implication: The findings suggest that small and medium audit firms have done their best to comply with the independence requirements despite constraints on financial and human resources. As such, further awareness of the importance of independence would enhance the compliance level as well as audit value and the quality of firms.Research limitation: Interview data were extracted from a small sample; hence, generalisation may need to be defined more cautiously when applied to other contexts. Moreover, since the respondents were selected based on their agreement, the findings reflecting their practices may not be applicable to other small and medium audit firms.Keywords: Independence, Breach and Threat, Small and Medium Firms, Qualitative Research, Interview, ISQC 1Type of article: Research paperJEL Classification: M42, M480
Effect of boron spray at different phenological stages on fruit set, mineral composition, and carbohydrates content of three olive cultivars

Purpose: Boron deficiency can be a limiting factor for the flowering and fruit production of olive orchards. The appropriate time for foliar spray needs to be found in each environment. Research method: Effect of foliar spray (350 mg L-1 from boric acid) after fruit harvest (Stage 1), during flower bud differentiation (Stage 2), and the anthesis (Stage 3) alone or in combination, on fruit set percentage, leaf and inflorescence boron, zinc, and iron concentration, soluble carbohydrates content in leaves of three commercial olive cultivars was investigated. Findings: Results showed, the maximum fruit set percentage, the highest leaf and inflorescence boron content, was found in the Koroneiki cultivar when boron sprayed two times at stages 1+3 and stages 2+3. The highest leaf and inflorescence zinc content was found when boron sprayed two times at stages 2+3 on the Koroneiki cultivar. The highest leaf and inflorescence iron content was found in Baladi and Mission cultivars, respectively, when sprayed at stage 2 or two times at stages 1+3. Olive cultivar Baladi showed the highest leaf fructose, sucrose, and glucose content when boron sprayed at stage 2 alone or three times at stages 1+2+3. Research limitations: It can be useful to study different concentrations of foliar spray and other cultivars. Originality/Value: The response of different olive cultivars was not the same. It seems that boron spray at the appropriate time increased fruit set percentage, especially in Koroneiki. Therefore, more research is needed to find the best fertilization program in olive orchards of Golestan province.
Different Levels Of Addition Of Salinity To Survival, Growth And Conversion-Efficiency Feed’s Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)

Tilapia is one of the consumption fish commodities that was very popular with the public. The development of tilapia aquaculture was growing rapidly, especially saline tilapia. The high potential of saline tilapia development causes the demand for fingerlings to increase. This research aimed to determine the best dose of salinity increase in the effort to adapt freshwater tilapia to saline tilapia. In addition, it also observed survival, growth and feed efficiency. The method used was experimental method with completely randomized design and data were analyzed using SPSS16 and Tukey's test. The research treatments included the levels of addition of salinity by 1 ‰/day, 2 ‰/day, 3/day and 4 ‰/day. The difference in salinity had a significant effect on Survival Rate (SR), Growth Rate (GR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Feed Utilization Efficiency (FUE). The best treatment in this research was the addition of salinity of 1 ‰/day with SR of 96%, GR of 35.1 g / t, SGR 1.22% w / day, FCR of 1.04 and FUE of 96%.
Investigation of The Relationship Between Preservice Science Teachers 21st Century Skills and Science Learning Self-Efficacy Beliefs with Structural Equation Model

The aim of this study was investigated the relationship between preservice science teachers’ 21st century learner and teacher skills and their science learning self-efficacy beliefs. The research method used was the correlational research method, one of the quantitative research methods. The sample of the study was consisting of 318 preservice science teachers studying in the third and fourth grades of the science education department of the education faculties at three public universities. Data collection tools of study were the 21st Century Learner Skills Scale, the 21st Century Teacher Skills Scale and the Science Learning Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM). In the results obtained from the SEM1, SEM2 and SEM3, a correlation was determined between the preservice science teachers' 21st century teacher skills, 21st century learner skills and science learning self-efficacy beliefs. In addition, the preservice science teachers' science learning self-efficacy beliefs positively correlated with their 21st century learner skills and negatively correlated with their 21st century teacher skills while their 21st century learner skills positively correlated with their 21st century learner skills. The preservice science teachers' 21st century skills and science learning self-efficacy beliefs was found to be predicting each other. Studies to identify the relationship between different dimensions of science education and 21st century skills should be performed to contribute to the relevant literature.
Molecular simulation of ice growth inhibition by biomimetic antifreeze macromolecules

Many polar fishes, insects and plants have evolved to produce biological antifreezes known as antifreeze proteins and glycoproteins (AF(G)Ps). These proteins reduce the size of ice crystals, thereby mitigating the structural damage that ice crystals cause to their cells. Recent experimental work has shown that synthetic polymers, namely poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(hydroxyproline) (PHYP) can also reproduce some of the properties of native AF(G)Ps. This has enormous potential for use in cryobiological storage, such as the cryopreservation of organs in medicine and food preservation, because synthetic polymers are highly tunable and scalable. As a results, they can be tailored to create ideal antifreeze polymer, with high availability. Unfortunately the mechanism by which AFGPs and their synthetic mimics function remains a mystery. The ability to understand how these proteins and their synthetics mimic work will aid the rational design of an ideal synthetic antifreeze polymer. In this thesis, we use a computational technique known as molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the molecular mechanism of action for antifreeze active (PVA and HYP) and inactive polymers (poly(ethylene glycol)) at the ice/water interface. The main results from this study are that the all the polymers decrease the growth velocity of ice. They achieve this by disrupting the rate of water addition to the ice crystals and can arrest ice growth through temporary immobilization onto the ice lattice. The emerging di↵erence between IRI active and inactive polymers lies in the polymers’ abilities to pause the crystallization process during their immobilization. Overall, the results from this study lead us to conclude that PVA and PHYP function in very di↵erent ways and that neither of the antifreeze active polymers function via a pre-ordering mechanism because none of the polymers increase the orientational order of water vicinal molecules.