Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Planning Graph Heuristics for Belief Space Search

Some recent works in conditional planning have proposed reachability heuristics to improve planner scalability, but many lack a formal description of the properties of their distance estimates. To place previous work in context and extend work on heuristics for conditional planning, we provide a formal basis for distance estimates between belief states. We give a definition for the distance between belief states that relies on aggregating underlying state distance measures. We give several techniques to aggregate state distances and their associated properties. Many existing heuristics exhibit a subset of the properties, but in order to provide a standardized comparison we present several generalizations of planning graph heuristics that are used in a single planner. We compliment our belief state distance estimate framework by also investigating efficient planning graph data structures that incorporate BDDs to compute the most effective heuristics. We developed two planners to serve as test-beds for our investigation. The first, CAltAlt, is a conformant regression planner that uses A* search. The second, POND, is a conditional progression planner that uses AO* search. We show the relative effectiveness of our heuristic techniques within these planners. We also compare the performance of these planners with several state of the art approaches in conditional planning.
A Search for Discrete X-ray Spectral Features in a Sample of Bright γ-ray Burst Afterglows

We present uniform, detailed spectral analyses of γ-ray burst (GRB) X-ray afterglows observed with ASCA, Beppo-SAX, Chandra, and XMM-Newton, and critically evaluate the statistical significances of X-ray emission and absorption features in these spectra. The sample consists of 21 X-ray afterglow observations up to and including that of GRB040106 with spectra of sufficient statistical quality to allow meaningful line searches, chosen here somewhat arbitrarily to be detections with more than 100 total (source plus background) counts. This sample includes all nine X-ray afterglows with published claims of line detections. Moderate resolution spectra are available for 16 of the 21 sources, and for the remaining five the Chandra transmission grating spectrometers obtained high-resolution data. All of the data are available from the public archive. We test a simple hypothesis in which the observed spectra are produced by a powerlaw continuum model modified by photoelectric absorption by neutral material both in our Galaxy and possibly also local to the burst. As a sample, these afterglow spectra are consistent with this relatively simple model. However, since the χ statistic is not sensitive to weak and/or localized fluctuations, we have performed Monte Carlo simulations to search for discrete features and to estimate their significances. In all but a few cases, the observed deviations are Theoretical Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, MC 130-33, Pasadena, CA 91125 Space Radiation Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MC 220-47, Pasadena, CA 91125 Present address: KIPAC/SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Road M/S 29, Menlo Park, CA 94025 Chandra Postdoctoral Fellow Present address: Department of Physics, Rutherford Physics Building, McGill University, 3600 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2T8, Canada
Associations of anxiety and depression with restless leg syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The levels of anxiety and depression among patients with restless leg syndrome (RLS) are controversial. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the levels of depression and anxiety among individuals with RLS with those of healthy controls.We conducted an extensive electronic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from their inception dates to 20 June 2023. Studies presenting data on depression and anxiety in individuals with RLS were included, and a comprehensive meta-analysis was performed.Twenty-one studies matched the inclusion criteria. Significantly more depressive symptoms were present in the individuals with RLS than in those without RLS, as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory [mean difference (MD) = 6.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.54–7.62, p < 0.01; heterogeneity I2 = 0%, p = 0.99]. Similarly, the results from the Beck Anxiety Inventory indicated that there were significantly more pronounced anxiety symptoms in the individuals with RLS than in those without RLS (MD = 9.30, 95%CI = 7.65–10.94, p < 0.01; heterogeneity I2 = 0%, p = 0.92). The other anxiety and depression scales also yielded statistically significant results. Significant heterogeneity was observed in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, with the primary contributing factor probably being the scoring criteria of the scales.This meta-analysis found that the levels of depression and anxiety symptoms were significantly higher in individuals with RLS than in their healthy counterparts.Systematic review registration:https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? ID=CRD42023410364, (identifier CRD42023410364).
Synchronising C/C++ and POWER

Shared memory concurrency relies on synchronisation primitives: compare-and-swap, load-reserve/store-conditional (aka LL/SC), language-level mutexes, and so on. In a sequentially consistent setting, or even in the TSO setting of x86 and Sparc, these have well-understood semantics. But in the very relaxed settings of IBM®, POWER®, ARM, or C/C++, it remains surprisingly unclear exactly what the programmer can depend on. This paper studies relaxed-memory synchronisation. On the hardware side, we give a clear semantic characterisation of the load-reserve/store-conditional primitives as provided by POWER multiprocessors, for the first time since they were introduced 20 years ago; we cover their interaction with relaxed loads, stores, barriers, and dependencies. Our model, while not officially sanctioned by the vendor, is validated by extensive testing, comparing actual implementation behaviour against an oracle generated from the model, and by detailed discussion with IBM staff. We believe the ARM semantics to be similar. On the software side, we prove sound a proposed compilation scheme of the C/C++ synchronisation constructs to POWER, including C/C++ spinlock mutexes, fences, and read-modify-write operations, together with the simpler atomic operations for which soundness is already known from our previous work; this is a first step in verifying concurrent algorithms that use load-reserve/store-conditional with respect to a realistic semantics. We also build confidence in the C/C++ model in its own terms, fixing some omissions and contributing to the C standards committee adoption of the C++11 concurrency model.
Direct Contact Membrane Distillation of Dairy Process Streams

Membrane distillation (MD) was applied for the concentration of a range of dairy streams, such as whole milk, skim milk and whey. MD of a pure lactose solution was also investigated. Direct contact MD (DCMD) mode experiments were carried out in continuous concentration mode, keeping the warm feed/retentate and cold permeate stream temperatures at 54 °C and 5 °C respectively. Performance in terms of flux and retention was assessed. The flux was found to decrease with an increase of dry-matter concentration in the feed. Retention of dissolved solids was found to be close to 100% and independent of the dry-matter concentration in the feed. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of the fouled membranes confirms organics being present in the fouling layer.
Serine proteases: An ab initio molecular dynamics study

In serine proteases (SPs), the H‐bond between His57 and Asp102 and that between Gly193 and the transition state intermediate play a crucial role in enzymatic function. To shed light on the nature of these interactions, we have carried out ab initio molecular dynamics simulations on complexes representing adducts between the reaction intermediate and elastase (one protein belonging to the SP family). Our calculations indicate the presence of a low‐barrier H‐bond between His57 and Asp102, in complete agreement with NMR experiments on enzyme‐transition state analogue complexes. 1 Comparison with an ab initio molecular dynamics simulation on a model of the substrate‐enzyme adduct indicates that the Gly193‐induced strong stabilization of the intermediate is accomplished by charge/dipole interactions and not by H‐bonding as previously suggested. Inclusion of the protein electric field in the calculations does not affect significantly the charge distribution. Proteins 1999;37:611–618. ©1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of Time Dependent Probabilistic Collision State Checkers in Highly Dynamic Environments

When computing the trajectory of an autonomous vehicle, inevitable collision states must be avoided at all costs, so no harm comes to the device or pedestrians around it. In dynamic environments, considering collisions as binary events is risky and inefficient, as the future position of moving obstacles is unknown. We introduce a time-dependent probabilistic collision state checker system, which traces a safe route with a minimum collision probability for a robot. We apply a sequential Bayesian model to calculate approximate predictions of the movement patterns of the obstacles, and define a time-dependent variation of the Dijkstra algorithm to compute statistically safe trajectories through a crowded area. We prove the efficiency of our methods through experimentation, using a self-guided robotic device.
Neuropsychological performance of Finnish and Egyptian children with autism spectrum disorder

Background Previous studies investigating neuropsychological functioning of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have only analysed certain abilities, such as executive functions or language. While comprehensive assessment of the neuropsychological profile of children with ASD has been the focus of recent research, most of the published evidence originates from single centres. Though studies on differences in neuropsychological features of children with ASD across countries are essential for identifying different phenotypes of ASD, such studies have not been conducted. Objective Our goal was to assess the neuropsychological abilities of children with ASD in northern Finland and Egypt and to examine the effect of age and intelligence quotient (IQ) on these abilities. Design Selected verbal and non-verbal subtests of the neuropsychological assessment NEPSY were used to examine 88 children with ASD in northern Finland (n=54, age M=11.2, IQ M=117.1) and Egypt (n=34, age M=8.4, IQ M=96.6). Results Finnish ASD children scored significantly higher than their Egyptian counterparts on the verbal NEPSY subtests Comprehension of Instructions (p<0.001), Comprehension of Sentence Structure (p<0.01), Narrative Memory (p<0.001) and Verbal Fluency (p<0.05) and on the non-verbal NEPSY subtest Design Fluency (p<0.01). Finnish and Egyptian ASD children did not differ on the subtests Memory for Faces, Object Recognition and Object Memory. In addition, we found that age and verbal IQ can have significant influence on neuropsychological performance. Conclusions Our results suggest a possible cultural impact on verbal and visuomotor fluency. However, the ability to recognize and memorize objects and the disability to remember faces appear to be typical for ASD and culturally independent.
In Silico Analysis Highlights Potential Predictive Indicators Associated with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system. Most commonly, it begins with recurrent symptoms followed by partial or complete recovery, known as relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS). Over time, many RRMS patients progress to secondary progressive MS (SPMS), marked by gradual symptom deterioration. The factors triggering this transition remain unknown, lacking predictive biomarkers. This study aims to identify blood biomarkers specific to SPMS. We analyzed six datasets of SPMS and RRMS patients’ blood and brain tissues, and compared the differential expressed genes (DEGs) obtained to highlight DEGs reflecting alterations occurring in both brain and blood tissues and the potential biological processes involved. We observed a total of 38 DEGs up-regulated in both blood and brain tissues, and their interaction network was evaluated through network analysis. Among the aforementioned DEGs, 21 may be directly involved with SPMS transition. Further, we highlighted three biological processes, including the calcineurin–NFAT pathway, related to this transition. The investigated DEGs may serve as a promising means to monitor the transition from RRMS to SPMS, which is still elusive. Given that they can also be sourced from blood samples, this approach could offer a relatively rapid and convenient method for monitoring MS and facilitating expedited assessments.
Actions of (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (1S,3R- ACPD) in retinal ON bipolar cells indicate that it is an agonist at L- AP4 receptors

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) include receptors sensitive to L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-AP4) and 1S,3R-1-aminocyclopentane- 1,3-dicarboxylic acid (1S,3R-ACPD). To determine whether 1S,3R-ACPD is an agonist at retinal L-AP4 receptors, whole cell voltage clamp recordings were obtained from mudpuppy ON bipolar cells in a superfused retinal slice and L-AP4 and 1S,3R-ACPD were bath applied. Both compounds evoked similar outward currents which reversed near 0 mV and were accompanied by an increased input resistance. Responses to both agonists washed out in parallel suggesting they act through the same second messenger pathway(s). Inhibitors of cGMP-PDE activity suppressed responses to both L-AP4 and 1SR,3RS-ACPD, suggesting that both compounds activate cGMP-PDE. Responses to 1S,3R-ACPD were occluded by prior activation of L-AP4 receptors, but not blocked by the non-AP4, mGluR antagonists, L-aminophosphonopropionic acid (L-AP3) or 4-carboxy- 3-hydroxyphenylglycine (4C3H-PG). These results indicate that 1S,3R- ACPD is an agonist at L-AP4 receptors. 1S,3S-ACPD and 4C3H-PG evoked outward currents similar to L-AP4 suggesting they may also be L-AP4 receptor agonists. Using the b-wave of the ERG as an assay for ON bipolar cell responses, concentration/response curves were obtained for ACPD enantiomers. The rank-order potency of ACPD enantiomers at L-AP4 receptors in ON bipolar cells is similar to their rank-order potency at non-AP4, mGluRs in brain which suggests that the receptors possess similar binding sites and may be members of a common receptor family.
The Constrained 2-Maxian Problem on Cycles

This paper deals with p-maxian problem on cycles with an upper bound on the distances of all facilities. We consider the case of p=2 and show that, in the worst case, the optimal solution contains at least one vertex of the underlying cycle, which helps to develop an efficient algorithm to solve the constrained 2-maxian problem. Based on this property, we develop a linear time algorithm for the constrained 2-maxian problem on a cycle. We also discuss the relations between the constrained and unconstrained 2-maxian problems on which the underlying graphs are cycles.
Conservation Area at Cirebon Quarry (Mt. Blindis) ands It’s Potency in Carbon Sequestration

The biodiversity conservation areas of Cirebon quarry, in this case Blindis and Sari mountains is a limestone ecosystem. Limestone ecosystems play an important role in climate regulation. Quantifying the organic carbon storage of limestone ecosystems in this area definitely helps to evaluate the roles of these ecosystems in both global and regional carbon cycles and also their impact on climate. This research was carried out to know the complete data of carbon storage in Cirebon quarry on each ecosystem types. In deep, it will give information which ecosystem and carbon pool that contributes the highest carbon stock. The carbon stock calculating methods in above-ground was based on RaCSA (Rapid Carbon Stock Appraisal) methods. Based on the observation, there are three ecosystem types in Cirebon Quarry i.e. Opened Area, Thick Bushes and Secondary Forest. The result showed that Secondary forest had the highest total C-stock which was 87.18 t C ha-1, while the C-stock on Thick Bushes and Opened Area were 42.95 and 17.92 respectively. The total C stock in biodiversity conservation area of Cirebon Quarry was 148.05 t C ha-1 comprises 48% of C plant biomass and 52% of C soil. Key words: carbon stock, Cirebon quarry, limestone area
Open issues on TCP for mobile computing

Abstract We discuss the design principles of TCP within the context of heterogeneous wired/wireless networks and mobile networking. We identify three shortcomings in TCP''s behavior: (i) the protocol''s error detection mechanism, which does not distinguish different types of errors and thus does not suffice for heterogeneous wired/wireless environments, (ii) the error recovery, which is not responsive to the distinctive characteristics of wireless networks such as transient or burst errors due to handoffs and fading channels, and (iii) the protocol strategy, which does not control the tradeoff between performance measures such as goodput and energy consumption, and often entails a wasteful effort of retransmission and energy expenditure. We discuss a solution-framework based on selected research proposals and the associated evaluation criteria for the suggested modifications. We highlight an important angle that did not attract the required attention so far: the need for new performance metrics, appropriate for evaluating the impact of protocol strategies on battery-powered devices.
Improving Economic Efficiency Through Waste Recycling And Modernizing Waste Bank Management

Efficient waste bank management is essential for handling the growing waste volumes in landfills. Waste banks play a crucial role in local and national waste management. This program aims to boost the capacity and productivity of waste bank institutions by supporting the development of human resources in waste recycling management and implementing digital management systems. Program results demonstrate that KSM Bais, Tarakan, our partner waste bank institution, has improved its knowledge and skills in waste bank management. They have expanded their range of recyclable products, including marketable items like plastic flower jewelry, trash bins, stationery organizers, ecobricks, and other aesthetic products. Furthermore, they have created and implemented a website-based waste bank application system to streamline administrative tasks. Additionally, partners have enhanced waste bank marketing performance through website-based and online social media channels.
Ada: constructing a synthetic organism

Despite immense progress in neuroscience, we remain restricted in our ability to construct autonomous behaving robots that match the competence of even simple animals. The barriers to the realisation of this goal include: the lack of knowledge of system integration issues, engineering limitations and organisational constraints common to many research laboratories. In this paper we describe our approach to addressing these issues by constructing an artificial organism within the framework of the Ada project - a large-scale public exhibit for the Swiss Expo.02 national exhibition.
SIRA: TREC Session Track 2014

1. Abstract This paper discusses Siena’s Interactive Research Assistant’s (SIRA) participation in the Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) Session Track of 2014. The overall goal of this track is to improve search results during query sessions based on a user’s behavior. Query sessions include many aspects of a search, including query topics, initial retrieved webpages, clicked on links, visit times, etc. SIRA has used several methods to improve search results that will be discussed in this paper. Each method of query expansion utilized clicked-on and non-clicked-on links, pages with the longest visited time, and N-Percent (N%) of each page. Two of our three submissions improved over our baseline results and both of these were equal to the median submission for all participants in the track.
Palindromic linearizations of a matrix polynomial of odd degreee obtained from Fiedler pencils with repetition

Many applications give rise to structured, in particular T- palindromic, matrix polynomials. In order to solve a polynomial eigenvalue problem P(�)x = 0, where P(�) is a T-palindromic matrix polynomial, it is convenient to use palindromic linearizations to ensure that the symmetries in the eigenvalues, elementary divisors, and minimal indices of P(�) due to the palindromicity are preserved. In this paper, new T-palindromic strong linearizations valid for all palindromic matrix polynomials of odd degree are constructed. These linearizations are formulated in terms of Fiedler pencils with repetition, a new family of companion forms that was obtained recently by Antoniou and Vologiannidis.
PAPR comparison Of OWDM and OFDM system

PAPR is the ratio of peak power of the signal with average power. Large PAPR value causes difficulty in the implementation of power amplifier device and higher cost of implementation. Recently it has been developed a system as an alternative to multicarrier OFDM system called OWDM (Orthogonal wavelet division multiplex). Basic idea of OWDM is replaced Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) with the Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform (IDWT) for generating orthogonal sub-carrier. Like IDFT on OFDM systems, function of IDWT on OWDM system is modulator, while demodulator process used DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) on OFDM and DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) on OWDM. One of the weaknesses of OFDM is high PAPR value, so in this study the PAPR value of OFDM and OWDM system will be compared. Simulation PAPR in OWDM and OFDM systems show that more number of sub-bands cause higher PAPR value, but PAPR of OWDM is smaller than OFDM system.
Relaxation of Rotational-vibrational Energy and Volume Viscosity in H–h2 Mixtures Relaxation of Rotational-vibrational Energy and Volume Viscosity in H–h 2 Mixtures

We investigate a kinetic model for H − H2 mixtures in a regime where translational/rotational and vibrational-resonant energy exchanges are fast whereas vibrational energy variations are slow. In a relaxation regime, the effective volume viscosity is found to involve contributions from the rotational volume viscosity, the vibrational volume viscosity, the relaxation pressure and the perturbed source term. In the thermodynamic equilibrium limit, the sum of these four terms converges toward the one-temperature two-mode volume viscosity. The theoretical results are applied to the calculation of the volume viscosities of molecular hydrogen on the basis of a complete set of state-selected cross sections for the H + H2(v, j) system.