Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth or Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready‐to‐Eat Meat Products and Combination Deli Salads During Refrigerated Storage

ABBSTRACT: Growth or survival of Listeria monocytogenes in cold-smoked salmon; sliced, cooked ham; sliced, roasted turkey; shrimp salad; and coleslaw obtained at retail supermarkets stored at 5 °C, 7 °C, or 10 °C (41 °F, 45 °F, or 50 °F, respectively) for up to 14 d was evaluated. Cold-smoked salmon, ham, and turkey were obtained in case-ready, vacuum packages. All food products were stored aerobically to reflect additional handling within the retail supermarket. Cold-smoked salmon, ham, and turkey supported the growth of L monocytogenes at all 3 storage temperatures. Fitted growth curves of initial populations (about 3 log 10 colony-forming units [CPU]/g) in cold-smoked salmon, ham, and turkey stored at 5 °C achieved maximal growth rates of 0.29, 0.45, and 0.42 log 10 CFU/g growth per day, respectively. Storage at 10 °C increased the estimated maximal growth rate of the pathogen by 0.56 to 1.08 log 10 CFU/ g growth per day compared with storage at 5 °C. A decline in populations of L. monocytogenes was observed in shrimp salad and coleslaw, and the rate of decline was influenced by storage temperature. Retention of viability was higher in shrimp salad than in coleslaw, where populations fell 1.2, 1.8, and 2.5 log 10 CFU/g at 5 °C, 7 °C, and 10 °C, respectively, after 14 d of storage. Inability of shrimp salad and coleslaw to support the growth of L. monocytogenes may be attributed to the acidic pH (4.8 and 4.5, respectively) of the formulations used in this study. Results show that the behavior of L. monocytogenes in potentially hazardous ready-to-eat foods is dependent upon the composition of individual food products as well as storage temperature.
Kinetics of the gas-liquid reaction between carbon dioxide and hydroxide ions

Gas−liquid reaction kinetics of the reactions between carbon dioxide and hydroxide ions is obtained via dynamic experiments in a stirred cell reactor. The evaluation of experiments is performed using a new technique enabling experimental series without time-consuming solvent purification after each experiment. A new expression for the reaction rate constant at infinite dilution is obtained. Furthermore, a kinetic description of aqueous potassium hydroxide and aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions in the temperature range between 20 and 50 °C is proposed.
Nucleation of an intermetallic at thin-film interfaces: VSi_2 contrasted with Al_3Ni

We analyze the formation of VSi_2 at the amorphous-vanadium-silicide/amorphous-Si interface by linear-heating and isothermal calorimetry, and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. We show evidence that indicates sporadic VSi_2 nucleation with a steady-state nucleation rate after a transient period. The results are contrasted with those obtained for Al_2Ni nucleating at the polycrystalline-Al/polycrystalline-Ni interface, where the kinetics appears to be controlled by growth of a fixed number of nuclei at quickly consumed preferred nucleation sites.
Microstructural and Morphological Evolutions in Compositionally-Graded (Ba 1−x Sr x )TiO 3 Thin Films and Related Dielectric Properties

Compositionally-graded (Ba 1 m x Sr x )TiO 3 (BST) (0.0 h 2 h 0.25) thin films consisting of successive layers with increasing Sr/Ba ratios have been layer-by-layer grown on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO 2 /Si(100) substrates by pulsed-laser deposition. Their microstructural and morphological evolutions with increasing film thickness were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRD results show that their preferred textures evolve in the sequence of [(100)+(110)] M (110) M (100) as the film thickness increases. The corresponding surface grain morphology evolves from compact spherical to elongated, and finally turns to irregular shapes. The related driving force for the orientation development was presumably changed from the minimization of surface energy to the minimization of energy loss per unit area as the film thickness is increased. The measured dielectric properties of the graded films are closely related to the changes of crystallographic orientations, and their relationships are also discussed.
Influence of heavy metals on soil microbial activities

Abstract Studies were carried out to evaluate the influence of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, or Zn on the decomposition of organic matter in soils and on their microflora. The heavy metals were added to samples of Gley soil and Light-colored Andosol at the level of 10 μmol/g soil, respectively. Three days after the addition, sewage sludge was mixed with the samples at a 2% rate. During the 4 week period of incubation at 28°C, CO2 evolution was measured periodically. At the end of the incubation period, the soil samples were analyzed to determine the number of bacteria and fungi, and the amount of heavy metals extracted successively with water and other reagents. The toxicity of heavy metals to soil microorganisms was also analyzed. The dilute suspensions of Gley soil and Light-colored Andosol were inoculated into albumin medium and rose bengal medium containing heavy metals of various concentrations, and the influence of the metals on colony formation by the bacteria and fungi was investigated. All the metals inhib.
Versatile Sugar Derivatives for the Synthesis of Potential Degradable Hydrophilic‐Hydrophobic Polyurethanes and Polyureas

Biodegradable polymers obtained from renewable natural sources are currently receiving increasing attention because they are an alternative to the traditional petroleum‐based plastics. In the present communication we describe the synthesis of the diol monomers 2,3,4‐tri‐O‐benzyl‐L‐arabinitol (ABnOH) and 2,3,4‐tri‐O‐benzylxylitol (XBnOH), and the diamino monomers 1,5‐diamino‐1,5‐dideoxy‐2,3,4‐tri‐O‐benzyl‐L‐arabinitol (ABnNH 2 ) and 1,5‐diamino‐1,5‐dideoxy‐2,3,4‐tri‐O‐benzylxylitol (XBnNH 2 ), which can be used in the preparation of new potentially biodegradable sugar‐based polymers. As an example, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a polyurethane [PU‐(ABnOH‐HMDI)] and a polyurea [PUR‐(ABnNH2‐HMDI)] by poly addition reaction of ABnOH and ABnNH 2 with 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate.
Spin—Orbit Coupling and the Radiationless Processes in Nitrogen Heterocyclics

The matrix elements of the spin—orbit operator between the zero‐order (spin‐free) (n, π*) states of nitrogen heterocyclics are examined. It is found that generally, to the first order, there is no spin—orbit coupling between singlet and triplet states of the same configuration. The coupling between states of different configurations due to differences in the occupancy of the π* orbitals, but having the same nonbonding orbital, is found to have matrix elements similar to those resulting from the coupling between (π, π*) states, which McClure has shown to be unimportant. For the diazines (or polyazines), the coupling between different configurations due to a different occupancy of the nonbonding orbitals is found to have matrix elements which cancel one another. The general conclusion is thus reached that spin—orbit (s.o.) coupling between singlet and triplet (n, π*) states is unimportant to the first order. Using the observed polarization and lifetime data, it is estimated that the ratio |〈S(n,π*)|Hs.o. |T(.
Effect of the Solvent Molar Ratios on the Synthesis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework 8 (ZIF-8) and its Performance in CO2 Adsorption

In this research work, ZIF-8 was synthesized at room temperature using different synthesis solutions contained different molar ratios of methanol to zinc nitrate. The properties of the resultant particles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The basicity of the ZIF-8 samples was measured using temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Results showed that ZIF-8 samples synthesized in the present work were thermally stable up to 700 oC. ZIF-8 synthesized using synthesis solution contained lowest molar ratio of methanol to zinc nitrate of 86.7 possessed highest crystallinity and largest average particles sizes of ~250 nm. Besides, this sample also demonstrated highest CO2 uptake rate due to the presence of highest amount of basic site of 0.70 mmol/g among the ZIF-8 samples.
The Mechanism of Phase Separation of Polymers in Organic Media—Apolar and Polar Systems

Abstract The phase separation properties of nine apolar and 15 polar systems, each comprising two polymers dissolved in one organic solvent, were examined in the light of recent developments in surface thermodynamics of polar components. A clear correlation existed between the sign of the total interfacial free energy of interaction of the system and the phase separation (or miscibility). Conversely, some of the phase separation results could be used to estimate the electron-donor surface tension parameters of methyl ethyl ketone and tetrahydrofuran.
Ab initio density-functional study of NO adsorption on close-packed transition and noble metal surfaces: II. Dissociative adsorption

Following our investigation of molecular NO adsorption (Gajdos et al 2006 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 18 13), the dissociation of NO molecules on the close-packed surfaces of late transition (Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt) and noble (Cu, Ag, Au) metals has been studied using first-principles density functional calculations. The nudged-elastic-band method has been used for the determination of the transition states. Our results demonstrate that the transition-state energies show a linear dependence on the dissociative chemisorption energies according to the Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi rule. The validity of this linear relationship is shown to arise from the geometrical similarity of the transition states on all metals, which are very close to the final state geometries.
Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels: a procedure for estimation and results for 1950-1982

With growing concern about climatic changes that could result from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide, it is appropriate to use the improved statistics on the production and use of fossil fuels which are now available and to review the CO 2 discharges to the atmosphere from fossil fuel burning. Data on global fuel production and the chemical composition of these fuels have been re-examined and an attempt has been made to estimate the fraction of fuel which is used in the petrochemicals industry or otherwise not soon oxidized. Available statistics now permit more systematic treatment of natural gas liquids than in earlier calculations. Values used for combustion efficiency and non-fuel use on a global scale still require some estimation and extrapolation from United States data but can be bounded with sufficient precision that they add little uncertainty to the calculation of global CO 2 emissions. Data now available permit the computation to be made with confidence that there are no major oversights. The differences from earlier calculations of CO 2 emissions are minor, well within the uncertainty limits in the data available. The fundamental problems of assembling a data set on global fuel production limit the utility of striving for too much precision at other steps in the calculation. Annual CO 2 emissions retain an uncertainty of 6-10%. Results of the calculations for 1980 through 1982 show decreases from 1979 CO 2 emissions. This is the first time since the end of World War I1 that the emissions have decreased 3 years in succession. During the period following the 1973 escalation of fuel prices, the growth rate of emissions has been less than half what it was during the 1950s and 1960s (1.5%/year since 1973 as opposed to 4.5%/year through the 1950s and 1960s). Most of the change is a result of decreased growth in the use of oil. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1984. tb00245.x
Stabilization mechanism of turbulent premixed flames in strongly swirled flows

The stabilization of turbulent premixed flames in strongly swirled flows undergoing vortex breakdown is studied in the case of the ALSTOM En-Vironmental (EV) double cone burner using a simple one-dimensional boundary layer type model and computational fluid dynamics, mainly at the level of large-eddy simulation. The analysis shows that, due to flame curvature effects, the flame speed on the combustor axis is 2 D t/R F lower than the turbulent burning rate, where D t is a characteristic turbulent diffusion coefficient and R F the flame radius of curvature. Flame propagation with negative speed observed in the experiments, i.e. the flame completely embedded in the central recirculation zone on the symmetry axis, is explained with the one-dimensional model as caused by the factor 2 D t/R F being larger than the characteristic turbulent burning rate. A peculiar sudden displacement of the flame anchoring location deep into the burner, which takes place experimentally at a critical value of the equivalence ratio, cannot however be explained with the present one-dimensional approach due to the modelling assumptions. The mathematical analysis is supported in this case with large-eddy simulation which can accurately reproduce the flame behaviour across the full operating range. It is finally shown that steady RANS methods cannot cope with the problem due to their inability to correctly predict the velocity flowfield in this burner.
Simultaneous Phenomenon of Particle Deposition and Reentrainment: Effects of Surface Roughness on Deposition Layer of Striped Pattern

Formation of particle deposition layers on rough wall surfaces was studied as a simultaneous phenomenon of particle deposition and reentrainment. The test powders used were alumina of micron sizes and the experiments were conducted under turbulent aerosol flows. After particle deposition and reentrainment reached an equilibrium state, deposition layer of a striped pattern was formed. The striped pattern was characterized by the interval and the thickness, which decreased when the roughness of the wall surface increased. Further, the striped deposition layers moved slowly downstream, and the velocity of the moving deposition layers decreased with the increase of the surface roughness. A moment balance model was used to explain the effect of the surface roughness on the velocity of the moving deposition layers.
Rate constants for the gas‐phase reactions of O3 with a series of monoterpenes and related compounds at 296 ± 2 K

Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of O 3 with a series of monoterpenes and related compounds have been determined at 296±2 K and 740 torr total pressure of air or O 2 using a combination of absolute and relative rate techniques. Good agreement between the absolute and relative rate data was observed, and the rate constants obtained (in units of 10 −17 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 ) were: α-pinene, 8.7; β-pinene, 1,5; △ 3 -carene, 3,8; 2-carene, 24; sabinene, 8.8; d-limonene, 21; γ-terpinene, 14; terpinolene, 140: α-phellandrene, 190; α-terpinene, 870; myrcene, 49; trans-ocimene, 56; p-cymene, C=C< bond(s)
Application of the Galerkin Method in the Solution of Non-linear Axial Combustion Instability Problems in Liquid Rockets

Abstract A nonlinear analysis of the stability of longitudinal combustion-driven oscillations in liquid propellant rocket motors is presented. A modified version of the Galerkin method is used to obtain solutions valid for moderate amplitude instabilities in rocket combustors having a low Mach number mean flow. Linear stability of a variety of liquid-rocket motors is investigated. Computed nonlinear results show that the resultant instability will exhibit a shock-type behavior with the number of shocks present in the system determined by the characteristics of the unsteady combustion process. These predictions are in qualitative agreement with available experimental data. Contrary to other solution techniques, the approach presented in this paper can predict both the transient and final periodic behavior of the instability. The final limit cycles are independent of the nature of the initial conditions. The relationship between the final limit cycles and the characteristics of the unsteady combustion proce.
The relation between psychological empowerment and turnover intention, Windhoek

Finding ways to reduce turnover within organisations is challenging, especially during economically difficult times and with high levels of skill shortages. The main aim of this study is to investigate the relation between psychological empowerment and turnover intention. Instead of using money only to retain employees, managers and organisations can find ways to reduce turnover intention of employees. Psychological empowerment is a set of cognitions regarding an individual’s job orientation in relation to meaning, competence, self-determination and impact. Psychological empowerment is linked to identifying and removing conditions from an organisation that increases powerlessness amongst the employees. Turnover intention is the subjective probability that an employee will leave his/her work within a certain period of time. Turnover intention was found to be the strongest predictor of actual turnover. It was found that when employees experience higher levels of psychological empowerment they will also experience lower levels of turnover intention and increased levels of productivity within the organisation. A cross-sectional survey was used to assess the correlation between psychological empowerment and turnover intention at a parastatal in Windhoek (n=101). Making use of Spearman’s rank order correlation, psychological empowerment was negatively related to turnover intention (r = -0.46, p < 0.05; medium effect). Removing disempowering practices from the organisation will reduce employees’ level of turnover intention. The unique nature of this study, especially within the Namibian context, paves the way for future research on a large scale but also adds to the existing body of knowledge within industrial/organisational psychology and to aspects of employee retention within the world of work.
Synthesis and characterization of Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes of some 4-bromo- N -(di(alkyl/aryl)carbamothioyl) benzamide derivatives

4-Bromo-N-(di-R-carbamothioyl)benzamide (R = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl and phenyl) ligands and their Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The crystal and molecular structure of bis(4-bromo-N-(di-n-propylcarbamothioyl)benzamido)nickel(II) has been determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. It crystallizes in the triclinic, space group P 1, Z = 2 with a = 9.286(2) Å, b = 13.215(3) Å, c = 14.125(3) Å, α = 64.180(5)°, β = 85.483(6)°, γ = 83.067(5)°, V = 1548.3(7) Å3 and D Calcd = 1.594 mg m−3. Loss of the N–H proton resonance and the N–H stretching vibration and the shift of the ν C=O and ν C=S stretching vibrations confirm formation of the metal complexes. These studies have shown that the metal complexes are neutral cis-[ML2].
Carboaluminate Phases Formation During the Hydration of Calcite‐Containing Portland Cement

It has been an established fact that finely ground calcium carbonate represents to a certain extent an active component during the hydration of Portland cement and the formation of calcium monocarboaluminate has been confirmed many times. Additionally, the formation of calcium hemicarboaluminate, as another possible compound, has been mentioned. There is, however, lack of specific information regarding these two compounds: there has been no experimental data on their hydration time-dependent formation, their interrelations, and their amount in a hardened cement paste. This paper describes the time-related formation of hemicarboaluminate and monocarboaluminate and reports for the first time in the literature the conversion of hemicarboaluminate into monocarboaluminate on the basis of X-ray diffraction by following the content of the latter using the Rietveld method. Hemicarboaluminate appears at early hydration times in calcite-containing Portland cement, even in the presence of large amounts of calcium carbonate. As the hydration progresses, a gradual conversion of hemicarboaluminate into monocarboaluminate occurs. The only detectable AFm-type compound present in well-hydrated cement is calcium monocarboaluminate.
Electronic structure and electric properties of the alkali metal dimers

Dipole moments and dipole polarizabilities of a series of the alkali metal atom dimers involving Li, Na, K, and Rb are calculated at the level of different coupled cluster approximations as well as the complete active space self‐consistent‐field approach followed by the perturbation treatment of the dynamical correlation effects. All reported calculations have been carried out with recently developed polarized basis sets. The electron correlation effects on these electric properties are studied within the valence and valence plus next‐to‐valence shell approximations. Also the relativistic contribution is calculated by using the quasirelativistic scalar (mass–velocity+Darwin terms) approximation. A comparison of results of different methods indicates that the values calculated by the coupled clusters method in which one‐ and two‐electron clusters are treated iteratively and the three‐body terms perturbatively [as defined in the CCSD(T) method] are well saturated in terms of the electron correlation contrib.
EFFECT OF NITRIC ACID EXTRACTION ON PHASE BEHAVIOR, MICROSTRUCTURE AND INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PRIMARY AGGREGATES IN THE SYSTEM DIMETHYLDIBUTYLTETRADECYLMALONAMIDE (DMDBTDMA) / n-DODECANE / WATER: A PHASE ANALYSIS AND SMALL ANGLE X-RAY SCATTERING (SAXS) CHARACTERISATION STUDY

ABSTRACT Among the different problems to be solved when designing a liquid-liquid solvent extraction process, third phase formation. i.e. the splitting of the organic phase into two layers when extracting high concentration of solutes, like nitric acid or metallic nitrates (here trivalent f ions), is one of the most important to address. In some conditions the formation of a “third phase” is observed with dimethyldibutyltetradecylmalonamide (DMDBTDMA), a potential extractant used in the DIAMEX process We have investigated the phase behavior of the system DMDBTDMA / n-dodecane / water / HNO3, in the acceptable concentration limits for the DIAMEX process.