Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surgery vs. Endoscopy Competitive or Complementary Tools for Management of Post Cholecystectomy Problems 10 Years' Experience in Major Referral Center

Purpose: A prospective work to study and evaluate surgical and endoscopic techniques used in management of post cholecystectomy problems. Patients and Methods: In the period from Mars 2000 to October 2009, a random sample of 630 patients (366 females and 264 males) were collected from general surgery department, and gastro-intestinal endoscopy unit, Assuit University hospitals, and managed accordingly using surgery in 143 patients, and endoscopy in 482 patients (plus percutaneous techniques in 25 patients). Results: Endoscopy was very successful as an initial treatment of 457 patients (73%), as being less invasive, low morbidity and mortality, competitive to surgery in treatment of missed stone (88%), mild to moderate biliary leakage (82%), and biliary stricture (74%). Its success increased by addition of percutaneous techniques in 4%, 2.8% & 8.3% for missed stone, leakage, and stricture respectively. But endoscopy was somewhat complementary to surgery in major leakage, and massive stricture, and surgery was resold to in 15%, and 17% of cases. Surgery remain as the treatment of choice in complex problems, and endoscopy play a complementary role in such cases of transection, ligation, combined problems of stones, stricture, and leakage (<40%), compared to 60% for surgery. Bilio-enteric anastomosis was the procedure of choice, done in 86 cases, with stent splintage in unhealthy, or small sized ducts. And stricture complication was encountered in 6% of cases treated by percutaneous rout in 4, and redo surgery in 1 case. The learning curve seems influential in both endoscopy and surgery. The cumulative experience increase the success rate of endoscopy from initial 50% to 95% nowadays, also surgery improved with decreased morbidity and mortality as complications encountered was seen in initial experience and decreased with time. Conclusion: Endoscopy was competitive to surgery in simple problems and advised to be the initial treatment choice, but complementary in major leak, ligation, transection, and complex problems, where surgery plays the main role in treatment with its invasiveness, high morbidity and morbidity. Cumulative experience influence endoscopic and surgical treatment of such problems and it is mandatory with other facility and equipment for management of such challenging cases.
Local integrals of motion for topologically ordered many-body localized systems

Many-body localized (MBL) systems are often described using their local integrals of motion, which, for spin systems, are commonly assumed to be a local unitary transform of the set of on-site spin-z operators. We show that this assumption cannot hold for topologically ordered MBL systems. Using a suitable definition to capture such systems in any spatial dimension, we demonstrate a number of features, including that MBL topological order, if present: (i) is the same for all eigenstates; (ii) is robust in character against any perturbation preserving MBL; (iii) implies that on topologically nontrivial manifolds a complete set of integrals of motion must include nonlocal ones in the form of local-unitary-dressed noncontractible Wilson loops. Our approach is well suited for tensor-network methods, and is expected to allow these to resolve highly-excited finite-size-split topological eigenspaces despite their overlap in energy. We illustrate our approach on the disordered Kitaev chain, toric code, and X-cube model.
Symmetricity of rings relative to the prime radical

In this paper, we introduce and study a strict generalization of symmetric rings. We call a ring $R$ \textit{`$P$-symmetric' } if for any $a,\, b,\, c\in R,\, abc=0$ implies $bac\in P(R)$, where $P(R)$ is the prime radical of $R$. It is shown that the class of $P$-symmetric rings lies between the class of central symmetric rings and generalized weakly symmetric rings. Relations are provided between $P$-symmetric rings and some other known classes of rings. From an arbitrary $P$-symmetric ring, we produce many families of $P$-symmetric rings.
<italic>Logram</italic>: Efficient Log Parsing Using <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="dai-ieq1-3007554.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-Gram Dictionaries

Software systems usually record important runtime information in their logs. Logs help practitioners understand system runtime behaviors and diagnose field failures. As logs are usually very large in size, automated log analysis is needed to assist practitioners in their software operation and maintenance efforts. Typically, the first step of automated log analysis is log parsing, i.e., converting unstructured raw logs into structured data. However, log parsing is challenging, because logs are produced by static templates in the source code (i.e., logging statements) yet the templates are usually inaccessible when parsing logs. Prior work proposed automated log parsing approaches that have achieved high accuracy. However, as the volume of logs grows rapidly in the era of cloud computing, efficiency becomes a major concern in log parsing. In this work, we propose an automated log parsing approach, <italic>Logram</italic>, which leverages <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="dai-ieq2-3007554.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-gram dictionaries to achieve efficient log parsing. We evaluated <italic>Logram</italic> on 16 public log datasets and compared <italic>Logram</italic> with five state-of-the-art log parsing approaches. We found that <italic>Logram</italic> achieves a higher parsing accuracy than the best existing approaches (i.e., at least 10 percent higher, on average) and also outperforms these approaches in efficiency (i.e., 1.8 to 5.1 times faster than the second-fastest approaches in terms of end-to-end parsing time). Furthermore, we deployed <italic>Logram</italic> on <italic>Spark</italic> and we found that <italic>Logram</italic> scales out efficiently with the number of <italic>Spark</italic> nodes (e.g., with near-linear scalability for some logs) without sacrificing parsing accuracy. In addition, we demonstrated that <italic>Logram</italic> can support effective online parsing of logs, achieving similar parsing results and efficiency to the offline mode.
Soft Maximum Likelihood Decoding using GRAND

Maximum Likelihood (ML) decoding of forward error correction codes is known to be optimally accurate, but is not used in practice as it proves too challenging to efficiently implement. Here we propose a development of a previously described hard detection ML decoder called Guessing Random Additive Noise Decoding (GRAND). We introduce Soft GRAND (SGRAND), a ML decoder that fully avails of soft detection information and is suitable for use with any arbitrary high-rate, short-length block code. We assess SGRAND’s performance on Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)-aided Polar (CA-Polar) codes, which will be used for all control channel communication in 5G New Radio (NR), comparing its accuracy with CRC-Aided Successive Cancellation List decoding (CA-SCL), a state-of-theart soft-information decoder specific to CA-Polar codes.
Heuristic Approach for Jointly Optimizing FeICIC and UAV Locations in Multi-Tier LTE-Advanced Public Safety HetNet

UAV enabled communications and networking can enhance wireless connectivity and support emerging services. However, this would require system-level understanding to modify and extend the existing terrestrial network infrastructure. In this paper, we integrate UAVs both as user equipment and base stations into existing LTE-Advanced heterogeneous network (HetNet) and provide system-level insights of this three-tier LTE-Advanced air-ground HetNet (AG-HetNet). This AG-HetNet leverages cell range expansion (CRE), ICIC, 3D beamforming, and enhanced support for UAVs. Using system-level understanding and through brute-force technique and heuristics algorithms, we evaluate the performance of AG-HetNet in terms of fifth percentile spectral efficiency (5pSE) and coverage probability. We compare 5pSE and coverage probability, when aerial base-stations (UABS) are deployed on a fixed hexagonal grid and when their locations are optimized using genetic algorithm (GA) and elitist harmony search algorithm based on genetic algorithm (eHSGA). Our simulation results show the heuristic algorithms outperform the brute-force technique and achieve better peak values of coverage probability and 5pSE. Simulation results also show that trade-off exists between peak values and computation time when using heuristic algorithms. Furthermore, the three-tier hierarchical structuring of FeICIC provides considerably better 5pSE and coverage probability than eICIC.
Efficient dust ring formation in misaligned circumbinary discs

Binary systems exert a gravitational torque on misaligned discs orbiting them, causing differential precession which may produce disc warping and tearing. While this is well understood for gas-only discs, misaligned cirumbinary discs of gas and dust have not been thoroughly investigated. We perform SPH simulations of misaligned gas and dust discs around binaries to investigate the different evolution of these two components. We choose two different disc aspect ratios: A thin case for which the gas disc always breaks, and a thick one where a smooth warp develops throughout the disc. For each case, we run simulations of five different dust species with different degrees of coupling with the gas component, varying in Stokes number from 0.002 (strongly coupled dust) to 1000 (effectively decoupled dust). We report two new phenomena: First, large dust grains in thick discs pile up at the warp location, forming narrow dust rings, due to a difference in precession between the gas and dust components. These pile ups do not form at gas pressure maxima, and hence are different from conventional dust traps. This effect is most evident for St ∼ 10–100. Secondly, thin discs tear and break only in the gas, while dust particles with St ≥ 10 form a dense dust trap due to the steep pressure gradient caused by the break in the gas. We find that dust with St ≤ 0.02 closely follow the gas particles, for both thin and thick discs, with radial drift becoming noticeable only for the largest grains in this range.
Systematic Convolutional Low Density Generator Matrix Code

In this paper, we propose a systematic low density generator matrix (LDGM) code ensemble, which is defined by the Bernoulli process. We prove that, under maximum likelihood (ML) decoding, the proposed ensemble can achieve the capacity of binary-input output symmetric (BIOS) memoryless channels in terms of bit error rate (BER). The proof technique reveals a new mechanism, different from lowering down frame error rate (FER), that the BER can be lowered down by assigning light codeword vectors to light information vectors. The finite length performance is analyzed by deriving an upper bound and a lower bound, both of which are shown to be tight in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region. To improve the waterfall performance, we construct the systematic convolutional LDGM (SysConv-LDGM) codes by a random splitting process. The SysConv-LDGM codes are easily configurable in the sense that any rational code rate can be realized without complex optimization. As a universal construction, the main advantage of the SysConv-LDGM codes is their near-capacity performance in the waterfall region and predictable performance in the error-floor region that can be lowered down to any target as required by increasing the density of the uncoupled LDGM codes. Numerical results are also provided to verify our analysis.
Global weak solvability, continuous dependence on data, and large time growth of swelling moving interfaces

We prove a global existence result for weak solutions to a one-dimensional free boundary problem with flux boundary conditions describing swelling along a halfline. Additionally, we show that solutions are not only unique but also depend continuously on data and parameters. The key observation is that the structure of our system of partial differential equations allows us to show that the moving a priori unknown interface never disappears. As main ingredients of the global existence proof, we rely on a local weak solvability result for our problem, uniform estimates of the solution, integral estimates on quantities defined at the free boundary, as well as a fine pointwise lower bound for the position of the moving boundary. Some of the estimates are time-independent. They allow us to explore the large time behavior of the position of the moving boundary. The approach is specific to one-dimensional settings.
Incidence of Foramen Vesalius in Adult Human North Indian Crania

Foramen Vesalius is a small, variable and an inconstant foramen located in the greater wing of sphenoid, anteromedial to the foramen ovale, in the middle cranial fossa. This foramen is also known as emissary sphenoidal foramen as it transmits a small emissary vein which drains Cavernous sinus. The importance of this foramen lies in the fact that an infected thrombus from an extracranial source may reach cavernous sinus. The present study was undertaken to observe the incidence of foramen Vesalius in the adult human crania in north India. For this purpose, 200 macerated skulls of unknown age and sex were observed. These skulls were obtained from the departments of Anatomy in TeerthankarMahaveer Medical College & Research Center (Moradabad), King George Medical College (Lucknow), Shri Ram MurtiSmarak Institute Of Medical Science (Bareilly) and Govt. Medical College Kannauj. The foramen Vesalius was found to be present in 68 skulls (ie 34%); out of which it was bilaterally in 28 skulls (14%) and unilaterally in 40 skulls (20%)- in 16 skulls on right side and in 24 skulls on left side. The knowledge of foramen Vesalius is important for neurosurgeons and anatomists and anthropologists.
CALL FOR PAPERS Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury and Pulmonary Fibrosis Inhibition of the (cid:2) v (cid:3) 6 integrin leads to limited alteration of TGF- (cid:2) -induced pulmonary ﬁbrosis

WD. Inhibition of the (cid:2) v (cid:3) 6 integrin leads to limited alteration of TGF- (cid:2) -induced pulmonary ﬁbrosis. Am Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol L726–L735, number of growth factors and signaling pathways regulate matrix deposition and ﬁbroblast proliferation in the lung. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptors and the transforming growth factor- (cid:3) (TGF- (cid:3) ) family are active in diverse biological processes and are central mediators in the initiation and maintenance of ﬁbrosis in many diseases. Transforming growth factor- (cid:2) (TGF- (cid:2) ) is a ligand for the EGFR, and doxycycline (Dox)-inducible transgenic mice condition-ally expressing TGF- (cid:2) speciﬁcally in the lung epithelium degree of ﬁbrosis still developed. In summary, inhibition of the (cid:3) 6 integrin led to a modest, albeit signiﬁcant, effect on pleural thickening and lung function decline observed with TGF- (cid:2) -induced pulmonary ﬁbrosis. These data support activation of the (cid:2) v (cid:3) 6 /TGF- (cid:3) pathway as a secondary effect contributing to TGF- (cid:2) -induced pleural ﬁbrosis and suggest a complex contribution of multiple mediators to the maintenance of progressive ﬁbrosis in the lung.
Radio jets: Properties, life and impact

Abstract Our view of the properties of extragalactic radio jets and the impact they have on the host galaxy has expanded in the recent years. This has been possible thanks to the data from new or upgraded radio telescopes. This review briefly summarises the current status of the field and describes some of the exciting recent results and the surprises they have brought. In particular, the physical properties of radio jets as function of their radio power will be discussed together with the advance made in understanding the life-cycle of radio sources. The evolutionary stage (e.g. newly born, dying, restarted) of the radio AGN can be derived from their morphology and properties of the radio spectra. The possibilities offered by the new generation of low-frequency radio telescopes make it possible to derive (at least to first order) the time-scale spent in each phase. The presence of a cycle of activity ensures a recurrent impact of the radio jets on their surrounding inter-stellar and inter-galactic medium and, therefore, their relevance for AGN feedback. The last part is dedicated to the recent results showing the effect of jets on the surrounding galactic medium. The predictions made by numerical simulations on the impact of a radio jet (and in particular a newly born jet) on a clumpy medium describe well what is seen by the observations. The high resolution studies of jet-driven outflows of cold gas (and molecular) has provided new important addition both in term of quantifying the impact of the outflows and their relevance for feedback as well as for providing an unexpected view of the physical conditions of the gas under these extreme conditions.
Low-rank Tensor Grid for Image Completion.

Tensor completion estimates missing components by exploiting the low-rank structure of multi-way data. The recently proposed methods based on tensor train (TT) and tensor ring (TR) show better performance in image recovery than classical ones. Compared with TT and TR, the projected entangled pair state (PEPS), which is also called tensor grid (TG), allows more interactions between different dimensions, and may lead to more compact representation. In this paper, we propose to perform image completion based on low-rank tensor grid. A two-stage density matrix renormalization group algorithm is used for initialization of TG decomposition, which consists of multiple TT decompositions. The latent TG factors can be alternatively obtained by solving alternating least squares problems. To further improve the computational efficiency, a multi-linear matrix factorization for low rank TG completion is developed by using parallel matrix factorization. Experimental results on synthetic data and real-world images show the proposed methods outperform the existing ones in terms of recovery accuracy.
Examining the Secondary Product Origin of Cosmic-Ray Positrons with the Latest AMS-02 Data

Measurements of cosmic-ray (CR) positron fractions by PAMELA and other experiments have found an excess above 10 GeV relative to the standard predictions for secondary production in the interstellar medium. Although the excess has been mainly suggested to arise from some primary sources of positrons (such as pulsars and or annihilating dark matter particles), the almost constant flux ratio of argues for an alternative possibility that the excess positrons and antiprotons up to the highest energies are secondary products generated in hadronic interactions. Recently, Yang & Aharonian revisited this possibility by assuming the presence of an additional population of CR nuclei sources. Here we examine this secondary product scenario using the DRAGON code, where the radiative loss of positrons is taken into account consistently. We confirm that the CR proton spectrum and the antiproton data can be explained by assuming the presence of an additional population of CR sources. However, the corresponding positron spectrum deviates from the measured data significantly above 100 GeV due to strong radiative cooling. This suggests that although hadronic interactions can explain the antiproton data, the corresponding secondary positron flux is still not enough to account for the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer data. Hence the contribution from some primary positron sources, such as pulsars or dark matter, is nonnegligible.
Iatrogenic Aortic Regurgitation Following Primary Closure of Ventricular Septal Defect: Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography

Iatrogenic valvular regurgitation following cardiac surgery has been reported as a result of leaflet perforation or entrapment. Due to its central location, the aortic valve is one of the most vulnerable structures for iatrogenic injuries. Proper assessment of the aortic valve by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) should be done after a cardiac surgery in the periaortic area. We hereby report a case of iatrogenic aortic regurgitation which was developed after primary closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect. It was timely diagnosed by TEE after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass and helped in further management.
Psychiatric Morbidity, Cultural Factors, and Health-Seeking Behaviour in Perinatal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Centre of North India

Background: Poor mental health of the mother affects her physical health and the neonate's health and development. Studies from Southern India place different estimates of perinatal mental ill-health. Cultural variables affect health-seeking behaviour and are thus important to study in perinatal women with psychiatric morbidity. Methods: A total of 281 perinatal women were screened on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview version 6.0 (MINI), assisted with a clinical interview to identify psychiatric illnesses. The cultural formulation interview (CFI) of DSM-5 was applied on perinatal women having psychiatric illnesses and their caregivers. Results: A psychiatric diagnosis was present in 10.3% of perinatal women. Depression and anxiety disorders were seen in 7.12% and 1.41%, respectively. Marital discord (P < 0.0001), psychosocial stressors (P < 0.0001), and past history of psychiatric disorder (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in perinatal women with a current psychiatric diagnosis. On CFI work-related stress, the gender of the infant, low education and conflict across generations were identified as the negative aspects of the culture associated with psychiatric illness during and after pregnancy. Religion and social support were the major coping strategies, while stigma and financial problems were the major barriers to help-seeking. Conclusion: The high prevalence of psychiatric disorders and the strikingly low help-seeking are noteworthy. These findings can help in planning treatment and prevention programs for timely detection and intervention for perinatal psychiatric disorders.