Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Salt need needs investigation

Expensive and extensive studies on the epidemiology of excessive Na intake and its pathology have been conducted over four decades. The resultant consensus that dietary Na is toxic, as well as the contention that it is less so, ignores the root cause of the attractiveness of salted food. The extant hypotheses are that most Na is infiltrated into our bodies via heavily salted industrialised food without our knowledge and that mere exposure early in life determines lifelong intake. However, these hypotheses are poorly evidenced and are meagre explanations for the comparable salt intake of people worldwide despite their markedly different diets. The love of salt begins at birth for some, vacillates in infancy, climaxes during adolescent growth, settles into separate patterns for men and women in adulthood and, with age, fades for some and persists for others. Salt adds flavour to food. It sustains and protects humans in exertion, may modulate their mood and contributes to their ailments. It may have as yet unknown benefits that may promote its delectability, and it generates controversy. An understanding of the predilection for salt should allow a more evidence-based and effective reduction of the health risks associated with Na surfeit and deficiency. The purpose of this brief review is to show the need for research into the determinants of salt intake by summarising the little we know.
Neuropeptide depletion in the amygdala in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: A postmortem study

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is typically unwitnessed but can be preceded by seizures in the period prior to death. Peri‐ictal respiratory dysfunction is a likely mechanism for some SUDEP, and central apnea has been shown following amygdala stimulation. The amygdala is enriched in neuropeptides that modulate neuronal activity and can be transiently depleted following seizures. In a postmortem SUDEP series, we sought to investigate alterations of neuropeptidergic networks in the amygdala, including cases with recent poor seizure control.
Parametrization and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Nitrogen Oxyanions and Oxyacids for Applications in Atmospheric and Biomolecular Sciences.

Nitrogen oxyanions and oxyacids are important agents in atmospheric chemistry and medical biology. Although their chemical behavior in solution is relatively well understood, they may behave very differently at the water/air interface of atmospheric aerosols or at the membrane/water interface of cells. Here, we developed a fully classical model for molecular dynamics simulations of NO3-, NO2-, HNO3 and HNO2 in the framework of the GROMOS 53A6 and 54A7 force field versions. The model successfully accounted for the poorly structured solvation shell and ion pairing tendency of NO3-. Accurate pure-liquid properties and hydration free energies were obtained for the oxyacids. Simulations at the water/air interface showed a local enrichment of HNO3 and depletion of NO3-. The effect was discussed in the lights of earlier spectroscopic data and ab initio calculations suggesting that HNO3 behaves as a weaker acid at the surface of water. Our model will hopefully allow for efficient and accurate simulations of nitrogen oxyanions and oxyacids in solution and at microheterogeneous interface environments.
Comparative analysis of femoral biomechanical neck length in primates

The unique abductor capability of the human lesser gluteal muscles among extant hominoids has been suggested to be associated, in part, with biomechanical neck length of the femur. Beyond the hominin lineage, the relationship between biomechanical neck length and locomotor performance remains unclear due, in part, to the limited number of primate taxa directly compared and the need to examine species characterized by a wider range of locomotor diversity. Measurements were taken on the proximal femora of 28 extant taxa, with each species being assigned to a locomotor and phylogenetic category. Pairwise comparisons and phylogenetic generalized least‐squares analysis were performed to examine the impact of phylogeny and locomotor adaptation on relative biomechanical neck length. Arboreal quadrupeds that perform varying proportions of climbing/clambering versus leaping were characterized by different biomechanical neck lengths, whereas semi‐terrestrial anthropoids that perform either knuckle‐walking or palmigrade/digitigrade quadrupedalism were found to have similar relative neck lengths. Samples categorized as either orthograde clamberers or bipeds were distinct from all other anthropoid samples and characterized by the relatively shortest and longest biomechanical neck lengths, respectively. Results of additional analyses that included prosimian primates suggest that relatively long biomechanical necks characterize species adapted to hind limb‐dominated forms of locomotion (e.g., vertical clinging and leaping and bipedalism). Thus, biomechanical neck length is useful for signaling reliance on bipedalism (as performed by humans) or leaping, including subtle variation in leaping performance among arboreal quadrupeds. Furthermore, this trait is informative regarding reliance on irregular gait clambering as performed by orangutans.
PD‐1/PD‐L1‐dependent immune response in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still considered as the third most frequent cancer in the world. Microsatellite instability (MSI), inflammation, and microRNAs have been demonstrated as the main contributing factors in CRC. Subtype 1 CRC is defined by NK cells infiltration, induction of Th1 lymphocyte and cytotoxic T cell responses as well as upregulation of immune checkpoint proteins including programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1). Based on the diverse features of CRC, such as the stage and localization of the tumor, several treatment approaches are available. However, the efficiency of these treatments may be decreased due to the development of diverse resistance mechanisms. It has been proven that monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can increase the effectiveness of CRC treatments. Nowadays, several mAbs including nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved for the treatment of CRC. Immune checkpoint receptors including PD‐1 can be inhibited by these antibodies. Combination therapy gives an opportunity for advanced treatment for CRC patients. In this review, an update has been provided on the molecular mechanisms involved in MSI colorectal cancer immune microenvironment by focusing on PD‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and treatment of patients with advanced immunotherapy, which were examined in the different clinical trial phases. Considering induced expression of PD‐L1 by conventional chemotherapeutics, we have summarized the role of PD‐L1 in CRC, the chemotherapy effects on the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis and novel combined approaches to enhance immunotherapy of CRC by focusing on PD‐L1.
Direct evidence in the scattering function for the coexistence of two types of local structures in liquid water.

Water is the essential liquid on earth since it not only plays vital roles in living systems but also has a significant impact on our daily life from various industrial applications to earth's climate system. However, the unusual properties of liquid water, if compared with other liquids, has puzzled us over centuries because the basic structure of liquid water has remained unclear and continued to be a matter of serious debate. Here, by computer simulations of three popular water models and analysis of recent scattering experiment data, we show that there are two overlapped peaks hidden in the apparent ``first diffraction peak'' of the structure factor. One of them (ordinary peak) corresponds to the neighboring O-O distance as in ordinary liquids, and the other (anomalous peak) corresponds to a longer distance than it. We reveal that this anomalous peak arises from the most extended period of density wave associated with a tetrahedral water structure, and is to be identified as the so-called first sharp diffraction peak that is commonly observed in silica and other tetrahedral liquids. In contrast, the ordinary peak arises from the density wave characteristic of local structures lacking tetrahedral symmetry. This finding unambiguously proves the coexistence of two types of local structures in liquid water. Our findings provide not only vital clues to settle long-standing controversy on the water structure but also allow direct experimental access to the fraction of tetrahedral structures in liquid water.
Effect of mHealth With Offline Antiobesity Treatment in a Community-Based Weight Management Program: Cross-Sectional Study

Background Weight loss interventions using mobile phone apps have recently shown promising results. Objective This study aimed to analyze the short-term weight loss effect of a mobile coaching intervention when it is integrated with a local public health care center and a regional hospital’s antiobesity clinic as a multidisciplinary model. Methods A total of 150 overweight or obese adults signed up to complete an 8-week antiobesity intervention program with human coaching through a mobile platform. Paired t tests and multiple linear regression analysis were used to identify the intervention factors related to weight change. Results Among the 150 participants enrolled in this study, 112 completed the 8-week weight loss intervention. Weight (baseline: mean 77.5 kg, SD 12.9; after intervention: mean 74.8 kg, SD 12.6; mean difference −2.73 kg), body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass (baseline: mean 28.3 kg, SD 6.6; after intervention: mean 25.7 kg, SD 6.3; mean difference −2.65 kg), and fat percentage all showed a statistically significant decrease, and metabolic equivalent of task (MET) showed a statistically significant increase after intervention. In multiple linear regression analysis, age (beta=.07; P=.06), △MET (beta=−.0009; P=.10), number of articles read (beta=−.01; P=.04), and frequency of weight records (beta=−.05; P=.10; R2=0.4843) were identified as significant factors of weight change. Moreover, age (beta=.06; P=.03), sex (female; beta=1.16; P=.08), △MET (beta=−.0009; P<.001), and number of articles read (beta=−.02; P<.001; R2=0.3728) were identified as significant variables of fat mass change. Conclusions The multidisciplinary approach, combining a mobile health (mHealth) care app by health care providers, was effective for short-term weight loss. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of mHealth care apps in obesity treatment.
Prosthesis satisfaction in a national sample of Veterans with upper limb amputation

Background: Many persons with upper limb amputation reject prostheses, and many are not satisfied with their devices. Research is needed to understand modifiable factors related to device satisfaction. Myoelectric devices with multiple degrees of freedom are now available; however, no studies have examined whether they lead to greater device satisfaction. Prosthetic training contributes to more skillful prosthesis use and greater likelihood of long-term use; however, the relationship between training and device satisfaction is unclear. Objectives: (1) To describe and compare satisfaction by prosthesis and terminal device type and (2) to identify factors associated with satisfaction. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Participants were 449 persons with unilateral upper limb amputation who used a prosthesis. Participants described their prostheses, prosthetic training, device repairs, visits to a prosthetist, and rated device satisfaction using two standardized measures (Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales Satisfaction scale and Orthotics and Prosthetics Users’ Survey - Client Satisfaction with Devices scale). Multivariate generalized linear regression models examined the relationship between prosthesis and terminal device type and satisfaction, controlling for covariates that were meaningful in bivariate analyses. Results: There were no differences in satisfaction by prosthesis type or terminal device degrees of freedom. Satisfaction was associated with receipt of training to use the initial prosthesis, amputation level, age, and race. Conclusion: No differences in satisfaction by device or terminal device type were observed. Worse satisfaction was associated with more proximal amputation level, younger age, and black race. The association between receipt of initial prosthetic training and device satisfaction points to the critical role of occupational or physical therapy in the early stages of prosthetic care. Clinical relevance Prosthetic satisfaction did not vary by device or terminal device degrees of freedom. Proximal amputation level, younger age, and black race were associated with lower prosthetic satisfaction. Receipt of initial prosthetic training was associated with greater device satisfaction, pointing to the critical role and lasting impact of early training.
Using Technology to Train Clinicians in Evidence-Based Treatment: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE There is a critical shortage of clinicians trained in evidence-based treatments (EBTs). New technologies, such as Internet-based training, video conferences, and mobile applications, can increase accessibility to specialized training and enhance traditional face-to-face training. A systematic review was conducted to identify and summarize research on the use of technology to train clinicians in EBTs. METHODS An electronic database search of PsycINFO, PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library was conducted in June 2018. Articles were independently coded and assessed for risk of bias by two reviewers using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Quality Assessment Tool for Controlled Intervention Studies. RESULTS Of the 7,767 citations initially identified, 24 articles met inclusion criteria. These articles described 21 training programs, including training for anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and eating disorder treatment. Most training programs were Internet based (N=19), and a majority of studies used a randomized controlled design (N=21). Most studies reported significant increases in clinician knowledge or skills, with small to large effect sizes. The methodological quality of studies ranged from good to poor. Many programs were limited by their use of completer analyses (i.e., only those who completed study included in analyses) and self-report measures. CONCLUSIONS Technology has great potential for increasing availability of training opportunities for clinicians and increasing the workforce trained in EBTs. Although technology-assisted training programs are not without limitations, overall they promise a new era of facilitative learning that promotes the adoption of new clinical practices in a dynamic and efficient manner.
Psychological Interventions for Depression and Anxiety in Pregnant Latina and Black Women in the United States: A Systematic Review.

Black women and Latinas have more symptoms of depression and anxiety during pregnancy than do their non-Latina White counterparts. While effective interventions targeting internalizing disorders in pregnancy are available, they are primarily tested with White women. This article reviews randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies to better understand the effectiveness of psychological interventions for anxiety and depression during pregnancy in Latinas and Black women. Additionally, this review summarizes important characteristics of interventions such as intervention format, treatment modality, and the use of cultural adaptations. Literature searches of relevant research citation databases produced 68 studies, 13 of which were included in the final review. Most studies were excluded because their samples were not majority Latina or Black women, or because they did not test an intervention. Of the included studies, three interventions outperformed a control group condition and showed statistically significant reductions in depressive symptoms. An additional two studies showed reductions in depressive symptoms from pre to post-treatment using non-controlled designs. The remaining eight studies (seven randomized and one non-randomized) did not show significant intervention effects. Cognitive behavioral therapy was the modality with most evidence for reducing depressive symptoms in pregnant Black and Latina women. No intervention was found to reduce anxiety symptoms, although only two of the 13 measured anxiety as an outcome. Five studies made cultural adaptations to their treatment protocols. Future studies should strive to better understand the importance of cultural modifications to improve engagement and clinical outcomes with pregnant women receiving treatment for anxiety and depression.
Exploring How Professionals Within Agile Health Care Informatics Perceive Visualizations of Log File Analyses: Observational Study Followed by a Focus Group Interview

Background An increasing number of software companies work according to the agile software development method, which is difficult to integrate with user-centered design (UCD) practices. Log file analysis may provide opportunities for integrating UCD practices in the agile process. However, research within health care information technology mostly has a theoretical approach and is often focused on the researcher’s interpretation of log file analyses. Objective We aimed to propose a systematic approach to log file analysis in this study and present this to developers to explore how they react and interpret this approach in the context of a real-world health care information system, in an attempt to answer the following question: How may log file analyses contribute to increasing the match between the health care system and its users, within the agile development method, according to agile team members? Methods This study comprised 2 phases to answer the research question. In the first phase, log files were collected from a health care information system and subsequently analyzed (summarizing sequential patterns, heat mapping, and clustering). In the second phase, the results of these analyses are presented to agile professionals during a focus group interview. The interpretations of the agile professionals are analyzed by open axial coding. Results Log file data of 17,924 user sessions and, in total, 176,678 activities were collected. We found that the Patient Timeline is mainly visited, with 23,707 (23,707/176,678; 13.42%) visits in total. The main unique user session occurred in 5.99% (1074/17,924) of all user sessions, and this comprised Insert Measurement Values for Patient and Patient Timeline, followed by the page Patient Settings and, finally, Patient Treatment Plan. In the heat map, we found that users often navigated to the pages Insert Measurement Values and Load Messages Collaborate. Finally, in the cluster analysis, we found 5 clusters, namely, the Information-seeking cluster, the Collaborative cluster, the Mixed cluster, the Administrative cluster, and the Patient-oriented cluster. We found that the interpretations of these results by agile professionals are related to stating hypotheses (n=34), comparing paths (n=31), benchmarking (n=22), and prioritizing (n=17). Conclusions We found that analyzing log files provides agile professionals valuable insights into users’ behavior. Therefore, we argue that log file analyses should be used within agile development to inform professionals about users’ behavior. In this way, further UCD research can be informed by these results, making the methods less labor intensive. Moreover, we argue that these translations to an approach for further UCD research will be carried out by UCD specialists, as they are able to infer which goals the user had when going through these paths when looking at the log data.
A Storytelling Intervention in a Mobile, Web-Based Platform: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Preliminary Effectiveness to Promote Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Korean American College Women

Korean American women have substantially greater incidence rates of cervical cancer and the lowest rates of cervical cancer screening in the United States. However, there has been minimal research to promote human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among this population. A pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate preliminary effectiveness of a storytelling video intervention using mobile, Web-based technology. One hundred and four Korean American college women were randomized to the experimental group (storytelling video) or the comparison group (information-based written material). The effects of the intervention were assessed immediately postintervention and at the 2-month follow-up. Both groups improved in knowledge of and attitude toward the HPV vaccine at the postintervention. At the 2-month follow-up, the experimental group was twice as likely to receive the HPV vaccine compared to the comparison group. This preliminary evidence supports the use of a storytelling video intervention and shows substantial promise for further development and testing in larger scale studies.
Controlled replication of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus‘ DNA in citrus leaf discs

‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ is a fastidious bacterium and a putative agent of citrus greening disease (a.k.a., huanglongbing, HLB), a significant agricultural disease that affects citrus fruit quality and tree health. In citrus, ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ is phloem limited. Lack of culture tools to study ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ complicates analysis of this important organism. To improve understanding of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’–host interactions including parameters that affect ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ replication, methods suitable for screening pathogen responses to physicochemical and nutritional variables are needed. We describe a leaf disc‐based culture assay that allows highly selective measurement of changes in ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ DNA within plant tissue incubated under specific physicochemical and nutritional conditions. qPCR analysis targeting the hypothetical gene CD16‐00155 (strain A4) allowed selective quantification of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ DNA content within infected tissue. ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ DNA replication was observed in response to glucose exclusively under microaerobic conditions, and the antibiotic amikacin further enhanced ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ DNA replication. Metabolite profiling revealed a moderate impact of ‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ on the ability of leaf tissue to metabolize and respond to glucose.
Epidemiology of stroke in urban northeast China: A population-based study 2018–2019

Background Stroke has been emerging as the major public health challenge in China. In the present study, we sought to comprehensively estimate of stroke burden in urban northeast China. Methods We conducted the cross-sectional study in 5424 adults aged ≥ 40 years (response rate was 85.3%) living in urban northeast China. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed to ensure the population was representative. The prevalent stroke patients were defined as survivors on 31 March 2018. Stroke was defined based on the WHO criteria and was classified into ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhage stroke (HS) according to the imaging results. Results A total of 292 stroke cases were confirmed (IS-260, 35-HS, and IS concomitant HS-3). Crude prevalence of overall stroke, IS and HS were 5.4%, 4.8% and 0.6%, respectively, and the age-standardized prevalence was 3.8%, 3.4% and 0.5%, respectively. The prevalence of stroke was significantly higher in men compared to women. Among stroke population, 4.5% had disabilities and lived with consequences of stroke. Hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes were highly prevalent, accounting for 80.5%, 59.7% and 39.3%, respectively, in stroke population. However, the control rates of those comorbidities were unacceptably low (13.2%, 8.1% and 40.4%, respectively). Conclusion The considerable stroke burden was observed in urban northeast China with high proportion of stroke and related risk factors. Poorly controlled comorbidities are likely to contribute to the substantial burden in the future. Long-term primary and secondary prevention should be highlighted in urban northeast China.