Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discriminative Coherence: Balancing Performance and Latency Bounds in Data-Sharing Multi-Core Real-Time Systems

Tasks in modern multi-core real-time systems share data and communicate among each other. Nonetheless, the majority of published research in real-time systems either assumes that tasks do not share data or prohibits data sharing by design. Only recently, some works investigated solutions to address this limitation and enable data sharing; however, we ﬁnd these works to suﬀer from severe limitations. In particular, approaches that bypass private caches to avoid coherence interference altogether suﬀer from signiﬁcant average-case performance degradation. On the other hand, proposed predictable cache coherence protocols increase the worst-case memory latency (WCL) quadratically due to coherence interference. In this paper, by carefully analyzing the scenarios that lead to high coherence interference, we make the following observation. A protocol that distinguishes between non-modifying (read) and modifying (write) memory accesses is key towards reducing the eﬀects of coherence interference on WCL. Accordingly, we propose DISCO , a discriminative coherence solution that capitalizes on this observation to balance average-case performance and WCL. This is achieved by disallowing modiﬁed data in private caches, and hence, the signiﬁcant coherence delays resulting from them are avoided. In addition, DISCO achieves high average performance by allowing tasks to simultaneously read shared data in the private caches. Moreover, if the system supports the distinction between private and shared data, DISCO further improves average performance by allowing for the caching of private data in cores’ private caches regardless of whether it is modiﬁed or not. Our evaluation shows that DISCO achieves 7 . 2 × lower latency bounds compared to the state-of-the-art predictable coherence protocol. DISCO also achieves up to 11 . 4 × (5 . 3 × on average) better performance than private cache bypassing for the SPLASH-3 benchmarks.
Catalog of Marine Benthic Algae from New Caledonia

A catalog of the marine benthic algae (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta) re- ported from New Caledonia is presented in two sections-I. Classification; II. Checklist with refer- ences and localities. There are 35 genera, 130 species of green algae; 23 genefa, 59 species of brown algae; and 79 genera, 147 species of red algae which represent a rich algal flora for the subtropics.
A study of growth and carcass traits in dehorned and polled composite bulls

Phenotypically dehorned (genetically horned) and polled bulls were similar for birth, weaning weight, pre- and post-weaning ADG, carcass weight, grade fat, marbling, rib-eye area, cutability and carcass grade. Polled bulls had higher (P < 0.02) fat over the rib-eye compared with dehorned. The similarity in growth and a majority of carcass traits between polled and horned, would suggest that breeding for polledness may be recommended to eliminate horns. Key words: Dehorned, polled, growth, carcass traits, bulls
Engineering nitrogen use efficiency with alanine aminotransferase

Nitrogen (N) is the most important factor limiting crop productivity worldwide. The ability of plants to acquire N from applied fertilizers is one of the critical steps limiting the efficient use of nitrogen. To improve N use efficiency, genetically modified plants that overexpress alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) were engineered by introducing a barley AlaAT cDNA driven by a canola root specific promoter (btg26). Compared with wild-type canola, transgenic plants had in- creased biomass and seed yield both in the laboratory and field under low N conditions, whereas no differences were ob- served under high N. The transgenics also had increased nitrate influx. These changes resulted in a 40% decrease in the amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer required under field conditions to achieve yields equivalent to wild-type plants.
A comparative study of above‐ground productivity of dominant U.S. Gulf Coast marsh species

Above-ground productivity of dominant freshwater, brackish, and salt-marsh species from the U.S. Gulf Coast was evaluated using both gas exchange techniques and harvest methods. Both techniques showed significant differences in productivity among the study species which represent major components of their respective communities. Estimates of net aerial primary productivity using the harvest method yielded 3683 g dw (dry weight) m−2yr−1 for Spartina alterniflora (tall), 2008 g dw m−2yr−1 for S. alterniflora (short), 3677 g dw m−yr−1 for S. patens and 1641 g dwm−yr−1 for Panicum hemitomon. Carbon balance estimated from gas exchange calculation yielded values approximately equivalent to a biomass accumulation of 6024 g dw m−2yr−1 for S. alterniflora (tall), 3047 g dw m−yr−1 for S. alterniflora (short), 5702 g dw m−yr−1 for S. patens, and 2912 g dm−yr−1 for P. hemitomon. The net aerial primary production was estimated to be approximately 61% of total productivity in S. alterniflora (tall-form) and 66%o of total productivity in short-form, 64% in S. patens and 56%) in P. hemitomon. The assimilation data also indicated that Spartina alterniflora and S. patens continue carbon fixation throughout the year while assimilation in Panicum hemitomon is absent due to lack of live leaves during the winter. Various aspects of harvest and gas exchange techniques are discussed.
Machine milking of Ostfriesian and Lacaune dairy sheep: udder anatomy, milk ejection and milking characteristics

Mammary cistern anatomy derived from ultrasound measurement, milk ejection in response to exogenous oxytocin and oxytocin release and milking characteristics with and without manual prestimulation in early (months 2–4) and late (months 5–8) lactation were investigated in Lacaune and Ostfriesian dairy ewes. Vertical ultrasound cisternal cross sections of the cisternal cavities did not differ in the two breeds, whereas the cisternal area fraction located lower than the exit into the teat channel was larger in Ostfriesian than in Lacaune sheep. The cisternal area enlarged within 1 min in response to i.v. oxytocin injection, indicating milk ejection. During milking, oxytocin concentrations in Lacaune generally increased dramatically within 0·5 min from the start of prestimulation or milking, whereas only slight or no oxytocin release was detected during milking without prestimulation in Ostfriesian ewes. Prestimulation induced oxytocin release in Ostfriesian sheep within 1–2 min after the start of milking, indicating delayed response to stimulation. Two peaked milk flow curves were observed when oxytocin release and milk ejection occurred only after removal of cisternal milk. This type of milk flow was more frequent in Ostfriesian than in Lacaune ewes and was reduced in both breeds by prestimulation, while the frequency of one peaked milk flow curves increased. During the course of lactation, milk yield, main milk fraction and milk flow rates decreased, while stripping yield was almost unchanged. Although milk yield was similar in both breeds, milk flow was lower and stripping yield was higher in Ostfriesian than in Lacaune ewes. We conclude that milk ejection in ewes occurred in response to elevated oxytocin concentrations. In Ostfriesian ewes reduced and delayed oxytocin response to teat stimulation resulted in milk ejection only during stripping. Therefore, and probably because a larger volume of the cistern was located below the teat exit in the Ostfriesian breed, stripping yield was higher in Ostfriesian than in Lacaune sheep.
Emergence Rhythms of Hatchling Marine Turtles: Is a Time Sense Involved?

Abstract Hatchling marine turtles show a nocturnal rhythm of emergence from the nest. Here, we highlight aspects of the rhythm that are incompletely understood, with special reference to differences in the rhythm's expression among populations as well as its cessation at dawn. We postulate that the rhythm ceases because the hatchlings, as they dig toward the surface, acquire a time sense that suppresses activity if they approach the beach surface too late in the day.
COMPARATIVE INFESTATION OF BOLLWORMS ON TRANSGENIC BT AND CONVENTIONAL COTTON CULTIVARS

Comparative infestation of six cotton cultivars (IR-CIM-443, IR-CIM-448, IR-FH-901, CIM-443, CIM-448 and FH-901) was investigated against bollworms complex i.e. spotted bollworms (Earias spp.) american bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) at the Postgraduate Agricultural Research Station (PARS), Faisalabad, Pakistan. Bt transgenic varieties IRCIM-443 and IRFH-901 were less infested by spotted, american and pink bollworms while non-Bt varieties CIM-448 and FH-901 were found susceptible to the bollworms.
A select panel of polymorphic microsatellite loci for individual identification of snow leopards (Panthera uncia)

Snow leopards ( Panthera uncia ) are elusive endangered carnivores found in remote mountain regions of Central Asia. New methods for identifying and counting snow leopards are needed for conservation and management efforts. To develop molecular genetic tools for individual identification of hair and faecal samples, we screened 50 microsatellite loci developed for the domestic cat ( Felis catus ) in 19 captive snow leopards. Forty-eight loci were polymorphic with numbers of alleles per locus ranging from two to 11. The probability of observing matching genotypes for unrelated individuals (2.1 × 10 − 11 ) and siblings (7.5 × 10 − − − 5 ) using the 10 most polymorphic loci was low, suggesting that this panel would
Notas sobre el Comportamiento de Cortejo y Apareamiento de Myrmecophaga tridactyla Bajo Condiciones Ex Situ

Abstract Observations of the courtship behaviour and mating of two couples of giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) were carried out during the months of June and September 2004; July 2005; November 2006; and March 2007, at the Bioparque Los Ocarros, Colombia. The enclosure of the animals is semicircular, with an approximate area of 100 m², and permanently equipped with live trees, trunks, anthills, fresh water, troughs and refuges for resting. Data were collected by means of Ad Libitum sampling with Continuous and Multifocal Animal Registration. A total of 143 registrations corresponding to 39 behaviours were obtained. A basic ethogram and a descriptive diagram with coded behaviours were developed.
Influence of Adjuvants on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Response to Postemergence Applications of CGA 3626221

Studies were conducted in 1999, 2000, and 2001 to evaluate cotton response to CGA 362622 applied postemergence with various adjuvants. In field studies, CGA 362622 was applied at 3.8 or 7.5 g ai/ha with nonionic surfactant, crop-oil concentrate (COC), or a urea-based adjuvant. A nontreated control was maintained weed free for comparison. Crop injury over all years at 1 wk after treatment (WAT) was 27 and 34% from 3.8 and 7.5 g/ha CGA 362622, respectively, when rates were pooled over adjuvants. At 4 WAT, injury was 6 to 14% with 3.8 g/ha and 10 to 21% with 7.5 g/ha CGA 362622 during the 3-yr study. Cotton heights at 2 WAT were reduced by 16 to 31% of nontreated cotton heights by CGA 362622. Heights of treated cotton did not differ and were generally equivalent to the nontreated control at 8 WAT. Cotton injury and height reduction were greatest when CGA 362622 was applied with COC. Cotton lint yields and fiber quality were not affected by CGA 362622 rate or adjuvant treatment. Cotton injury from CGA 362622 in the greenhouse was similar to that in the field. Initial cotton injury and subsequent reduction in leaf area or shoot dry weight were generally lowest when CGA 362622 was applied with no adjuvant or UBA in the greenhouse. Nomenclature: CGA 362622 (proposed common name trifloxysulfuron sodium), N-[(4,6-dimethoxy- 2-pyrimidinyl)carbamoyl]-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-pyridin-2-sulfonamide sodium salt; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘SureGrow 125. ’ Additional index words: Sulfonylurea herbicide. Abbreviations: ALS, acetolactate synthase enzyme (EC 4.1.3.18); COC, crop oil concentrate; MSO, methylated seed oil; NA, no adjuvant; NIS, nonionic surfactant; OSS, organosilicone surfactant; POST, postemergence; UBA, urea-based adjuvant; WAT, weeks after treatment.
Evaluating Natural Alpha Embeddings on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Tasks

Skip-Gram is a simple, but effective, model to learn a word embedding mapping by estimating a conditional probability distribution for each word of the dictionary. In the context of Information Geometry, these distributions form a Riemannian statistical manifold, where word embeddings are interpreted as vectors in the tangent bundle of the manifold. In this paper we show how the choice of the geometry on the manifold allows impacts on the performances both on intrinsic and extrinsic tasks, in function of a deformation parameter alpha.
Tan spot of wheat caused by Drechslera tritici-repentis: detection, transmission, and control in wheat seed.

Tan spot of wheat caused by Drechslera tritici-repentis is a major leaf spot disease. The objectives of this work were to estimate the incidence of D. tritici-repentis in wheat seed using different techniques, determine the rate of seed transmission under greenhouse and field conditions, and to evaluate fungicide seed treatments for disease control. The incidence of seed infection was 22.5%; 17.5% and 11.25% on a selective medium for Cochliobolus sativus , lima bean agar and in the deep-freezing method respectively. On agar, the fungus produced black immature pseudothecia on the seeds and sometimes on the roots; the pseudothecia maturated after 30 days in darkness at 5°C. The pathogen was transmitted from seed to coleoptiles of symptomless plumules seedlings at a rate of 15.5% under greenhouse conditions, and to the plumule with tan spot symptom at a rate of 31% under field conditions. The seed treatment study indicated that a mixture of iprodione + triticonazole was the most effective treatment, reducing.
Use of intramuscular oxytocin injections to measure milk output in nondairy sheep, and its effect on milk composition

This paper describes a double Latin square design experiment to determine the effect of various doses of oxytocin injected intramuscularly in nondairy ewes on the induction of milk ejection and milk composition. Eight New Zealand Romney ewes without experience as dairy sheep were injected intravenously with 1 IU synthetic oxytocin and machine-milked to empty their udders. After 4 h, the procedure was repeated using 0, 1, 5, or 10 IU oxytocin in I mL sterile saline solution, this time injected intramuscularly. All doses of oxytocin significantly (P<0.01) increased the amount of milk at the second milking, and there was no difference between 1, 5, and 10 IU. Only the 10 IU treatment affected the composition of the milk: fat concentration was increased from an average of 5.2 to 6.4% (P<0.05). It was concluded that 1 IU of oxytocin injected intramuscularly is adequate to obtain milk withdrawal and that the composition of the milk is not affected provided the dose injected is <5 IU.
Genetic Parameters of First Lactation Milk Yield and Fertility Traits in Brown Swiss Cattle

Abstract This research was carried out to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for first lactation milk yield (lactation milk yield, 305-day milk yield, lactation length, and dry period) and some fertility traits (calving interval, gestation length and number of services per conception) of Brown swiss cattle reared at konuklar state farm located in konya province, turkey. data were collected on milk yield traits of 3, 769 first lactation Brown Swiss cattle during the period from 1990 to 2008. Variance components, genetic parameters, breeding values, and genetic correlations were estimated using multiple trait derivative free restricted maximum likelihood (mtdfreml) fitting an animal model. Heritability estimates were 0.26, 0.25, 0.10, 0.06, 0.07, 0.06 and 0.03 for lactation milk yield (lmy), 305-day milk yield (305 dmy), lactation length (ll), dry period (dp), calving interval (ci), gestation length (Gl), and number of services per conception (nsc), respectively. Genetic correlations between milk yield and fertility traits ranged from 0.31 to 0.95 and phenotypic correlations ranged from –0.026 to 0.75. Breeding values were estimated and used to characterize genetic trends across the time period investigated. The results showed that the first lactation milk yield traits can be used as selection criteria for development of effective genetic improvement programme in turkish Brown swiss cattle. in addition, the results indicate the essential for scheming an effective schedule for growth of genetic variability to improve the milk yield traits of Brown swiss cattle in this farm by way of selection.
Neotropical-Nearctic Limits in Middle America as Determined by Distributions of Bats

The Neotropical-Nearctic transition in Middle America was analyzed using distributional patterns of bats. The 169 non-insular bat species of Middle America were classified into four categories: shared with North and South America, shared only with North America, shared only with South America, and endemic. A theoretical biogeographic index was developed and compared with null frequency distributions based on the multivariate hypergeometric model. A total of 1,054 half-by-half-degree quadrats were used to determine the biogeographic zone (Nearctic, Neotropical, or transitional) of sites in Mexico and Central America. The null distribution allowed statistical assessment of each quadrat, permitting the quantitative determination of the limit between the two biogeographic regions. Results showed a pattern that coincided with previous studies in the position of the southern limits for the Nearctic region but differed in locations of Neotropical areas, and in the extent of the transitional zone, which was much broader in the present study.
Woody Cover and Grass Production in a Mesquite Savanna: Geospatial Relationships and Precipitation

Abstract Woody plant effects on grass production at specific points in some rangeland savannas may be a function of numerous surrounding woody plants with lateral roots that extend into those patches of grass. This study determined the effects of increasing zones of honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.) influence on the production of three perennial grass types (C4 shortgrasses, C3 midgrasses, and C4 midgrasses) at specific points in gaps between mesquite trees in each of five years. Mesquite canopy cover was determined by geospatial analysis of aerial images for progressively increasing zones (0–5, 0–10, 0–15, and 0–20 m radius) surrounding each grass production point. The woody cover/grass production relationships were mostly linear for C4 shortgrasses and C3 midgrasses, and mostly a declining exponential curve for C4 midgrasses in all canopy zones, indicating that C4 midgrasses were most sensitive to increasing mesquite cover, especially at covers >30%. The relationship between mesquite cover and C4 shortgrass production was strongest (i.e., highest r2) when the smallest woody cover zones (0–5 and 0–10 m) were included. In contrast, the relationship between cover and C4 midgrass production was strongest when the largest zones (0–15 and 0–20 m) were included. These differences were attributed to an inability of C4 midgrasses to persist in smaller intercanopy gaps resulting from increases in mesquite density and infilling. Annual precipitation and C3 annual grass invasions played a large role in determining the woody cover/grass production relationship for each grass type. This study illustrates the complexity involved in quantifying woody cover/grass production relationships in savanna ecosystems. Maintaining productive stands of C4 midgrasses may be facilitated by maintaining woody cover below 30% threshold levels and possibly by limiting grazing during episodic high rainfall events in midsummer when this grass type becomes somewhat decoupled from woody cover effects.
Forests of the Catskill Mountains, New York

The modern forest of the Catskill Mountain region, New York, particularly the area within the New York State Forest Preserve, was studied and compared with the presettlement forest as determined from surveyors' records. The most notable changes were a marked drop in the proportion of beech (Fagus grandiflora) and hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and increases in sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red oak (Quercus borealis), and chestnut oak (Quercus prinus). Reproduction and size—class data suggest that in old—growth hemlock stands hemlock is replaced by hardwoods and is not a part of a homogeneous climax forest in spite of its prominence in the presettlement forest. Beech does not give evidence, in the dynamics of the modern forest, of returning to its presettlement dominance. Some pioneer stands are as rich in species and as diverse as are those usually thought of as climax. The comparison of presettlement and recent forests is related to recent discussion of climax concept. See full-text article at JSTOR
Assisted Dying and Suicide Prevention

Abstract The author presents two examples of suicide by disabled people, one unassisted and one assisted. There are points of dissimilarity but also points of similarity. The language of “assisted dying” is misleading especially when the person is not terminally ill. In contrast, the language of “assisted suicide” is appropriate and is used in Switzerland and the Benelux countries. Guidance is needed for media reporting of assisted suicides. In addition to avoidance of certain details and ways of framing stories, the media should also seek to tell more positive stories about life with disability, counteracting the Werther effect with the Papageno effect. This article concerns suicide prevention in relation to the practice and the reporting of assisted dying. Its focus is the situation of people who are suicidal and who have a physical disability or a mental health condition. The aim of the article is not to consider the current or possible future shape of the law in different jurisdictions in relation to determining, assisting and encouraging, or preventing suicide. It aims, rather, to call attention to danger of suicide, whether assisted or unassisted, among people who would be eligible for euthanasia in the Low Countries or for medical assistance in suicide in Switzerland. Irrespective of the shape of the law, the fundamental challenge remains, to live well together despite the vicissitudes of life.
GENOTYPING FOR GENETIC ASSOCIATION STUDIES: METHODS AND APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACT 9 ABSTRACT In this thesis, two separate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping techniques were set up at the Finnish Genome Center, pooled genotyping was evaluated as a screening method for large-scale association studies, and finally, the former approaches were used to identify genetic factors predisposing to two distinct complex diseases by utilizing large epidemiological cohorts and also taking environmental factors into account. The first genotyping platform was based on traditional but improved restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (RFLP) utilizing 384-microtiter well plates, multiplexing, small reaction volumes (5 µl), and automated genotype calling. We participated in the development of the second genotyping method, based on single nucleotide primer extension (SNuPe TM by Amersham Biosciences), by carrying out the alpha- and beta tests for the chemistry and the allele-calling software. Both techniques proved to be accurate, reliable, and suitable for projects with thousands of samples and tens of markers. Pooled genotyping (genotyping of pooled instead of individual DNA samples) was evaluated with Sequenom’s MassArray MALDI-TOF, in addition to SNuPe