Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Users' Visual Attention During Everyday Mobile Device Interactions

We present the first real-world dataset and quantitative evaluation of visual attention of mobile device users in-situ, i.e. while using their devices during everyday routine. Understanding user attention is a core research challenge in mobile HCI but previous approaches relied on usage logs or self-reports that are only proxies and consequently do neither reflect attention completely nor accurately. Our evaluations are based on Everyday Mobile Visual Attention (EMVA)  a new 32-participant dataset containing around 472 hours of video snippets recorded over more than two weeks in real life using the front-facing camera as well as associated usage logs, interaction events, and sensor data. Using an eye contact detection method, we are first to quantify the highly dynamic nature of everyday visual attention across users, mobile applications, and usage contexts. We discuss key insights from our analyses that highlight the potential and inform the design of future mobile attentive user interfaces.
An Assessment of The Opportunities and Challenges of Weekly Boarding on Pupils’ Academic Performance: A Case of Mwandi District

Weekly boarding is an informal system where pupils are not full-time boarders but live in rented accommodation during the week and go home on weekends. Learners resort to weekly boarding system due to longer walking distance from home to school and also because of insufficient schools in their communities. The central problem of this study was to assess the opportunities and challenges of weekly boarding on pupils’ academic performance in selected schools in Mwandi District of Western Province. The objectives were to; investigate the challenges faced by weekly boarders in schools in Mwandi District; to identify the opportunities of weekly boarding on pupils’ academic performance and to examine the effects of weekly boarding on the academic achievement of learners in Mwandi District. This study utilized a descriptive survey design. The descriptive survey provided qualitative information from a representative sample of the sampling frame by the use of an interview guide, observation checklist and questionnaires. The respondents for the study were 89 in total which comprised of 71 pupils, 11teachers, 3 HODs/senior teachers and 3 Head teachers from four (4) sampled schools. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Qualitative data was analyzed according to themes. Both quantitative and qualitative findings were reported based on the objectives of the study. The findings of the study indicated that weekly boarders faced challenges such as lack of food, poor health, unhealthy living environment, violence, immorality, poor accommodation, reporting late to school and absenteeism from lessons. These problems negatively affected their academic performance. However, there were notable opportunities in this study that were beneficial to learners’ academic performance. These include group study, getting along with other peers and reduced distance to school. The study recommended that head teachers, Ministry of general education officials, teachers and guardians should collaborate in providing permanent boarding facilities to accommodate learners from distant places.
The Man(ager) Who Knew Too Much

Better-informed individuals are often unable to ignore their private information when forecasting others’ beliefs. We study how this bias, known as “the curse of knowledge,” affects communication and investment within a firm. A principal utilizes an informed manager’s recommendations when investing. The curse of knowledge leads the manager to over-estimate his ability to convey information, which hampers communication and decreases firm value. However, this same misperception increases the manager’s information acquisition and can increase value when endogenous information is indispensable (e.g., R&amp;D). Finally, we characterize settings where the principal delegates the investment decision only if the manager is cursed. <br>
Effects of a Social Robot’s Self-Explanations on How Humans Understand and Evaluate Its Behavior

Social robots interacting with users in real-life environments will often show surprising or even undesirable behavior. In this paper we investigate whether a robot’s ability to self-explain its behavior affects the users’ perception and assessment of this behavior. We propose an explanation model based on humans’ folk-psychological concepts and test different explanation strategies in specifically designed HRI scenarios with robot behaviors perceived as intentional, but differently surprising or desirable. All types of explanation strategies increased the understandability and desirability of the behaviors. While merely stating an action had similar effects as giving a reason for it (an intention or need), combining both in a causal explanation helped the robot to better justify its behavior and to increase its understandability and desirability to a larger extent. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Empirical studies in HCI; User studies; Scenario-based design; Empirical studies in interaction design. ACM Reference Format: Sonja Stange and Stefan Kopp. 2020. Effects of a Social Robot’s Self-Explanations on How Humans Understand and Evaluate Its Behavior. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI ’20), March 23–26, 2020, Cambridge, United Kingdom. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 9 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3319502.3374802
Extended Exogenous Growth Model: Application and Investigation the Long-Term Growth Determinants of Bangladesh

This study explored various exogenous growth theories and investigated the determinants of the long-term economic growth of Bangladesh. The study estimated the extended exogenous growth model to find the factors of long-term economic growth by exploring the macroeconomic choice variables. The study analyzed the determinants of long-term economic growth by using the annual time-series data from the World Development Indicators (WDI) database from 1985 to 2018. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Bounds Test were applied to find the long-term cointegration relationship between the variables, and the Error Correction Model (ECM) identified a stable long-term relationship. The results showed a long-term positive and negative cointegration relationship between economic growth and its estimated determinants. The results found that economic growth has a positive relationship with government consumption expenditure, fertility rate, inflation rate, and agricultural sector growth, and a negative association with population growth. The overall findings of the study contradict the empirical results of the extended exogenous growth model. The study suggests that the Bangladesh government should promote the research and development sector and give importance to technological improvement, stock of human capital growth, capital stock expansion, and governmental actions.
Running head: EXPLAINING EVERYDAY BEHAVIORS Explaining Everyday Behaviors and Situational Context by Personality Metatraits and Higher-Order Values

In the current study we looked for the relations between broad personality dimensions (metatraits of personality and higher-order values) and everyday behaviors. We asked participants (N = 374; aged 17 to 53, Mage = 23.72) about their current behavior, followed by questions on situational context (company and perceived autonomy) 7 times per day for 7 consecutive days, using an experience sampling mobile app. This method allowed us to capture a wide range of descriptions of behavioral acts (n = 13,873), which were then empirically categorized. Personality metatraits distinguished within the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits (i.e., Stability vs. Disinhibition, Plasticity vs. Passiveness, Integration vs. Disharmony, and Self-Restraint vs. Sensation-Seeking; Strus, Cieciuch, & Rowiński, 2014) and values from Schwartz et al.’s (2012) refined model (Openness to Change vs. Conservation and Self-Transcendence vs. Self-Enhancement) were measured by selfdescriptive questionnaires. Multilevel logistic regressions with multiple predictors, including traits and values simultaneously, revealed significant effects or tendencies for 20 of the 35 categories of activities, five kinds of company, and perceived autonomy. The best predictors of activities and situational context were the higher-order values Openness to Change vs. Conservation.
Functionality of Top-Rated Mobile Apps for Depression: Systematic Search and Evaluation

Background In the last decade, there has been a proliferation of mobile apps claiming to support the needs of people living with depression. However, it is unclear what functionality is actually provided by apps for depression, or for whom they are intended. Objective This paper aimed to explore the key features of top-rated apps for depression, including descriptive characteristics, functionality, and ethical concerns, to better inform the design of apps for depression. Methods We reviewed top-rated iPhone OS (iOS) and Android mobile apps for depression retrieved from app marketplaces in spring 2019. We applied a systematic analysis to review the selected apps, for which data were gathered from the 2 marketplaces and through direct use of the apps. We report an in-depth analysis of app functionality, namely, screening, tracking, and provision of interventions. Of the initially identified 482 apps, 29 apps met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Apps were included if they remained accessible at the moment of evaluation, were offered in mental health–relevant categories, received a review score greater than 4.0 out of 5.0 by more than 100 reviewers, and had depression as a primary target. Results The analysis revealed that a majority of apps specify the evidence base for their intervention (18/29, 62%), whereas a smaller proportion describes receiving clinical input into their design (12/29, 41%). All the selected apps are rated as suitable for children and adolescents on the marketplace, but 83% (24/29) do not provide a privacy policy consistent with their rating. The findings also show that most apps provide multiple functions. The most commonly implemented functions include provision of interventions (24/29, 83%) either as a digitalized therapeutic intervention or as support for mood expression; tracking (19/29, 66%) of moods, thoughts, or behaviors for supporting the intervention; and screening (9/29, 31%) to inform the decision to use the app and its intervention. Some apps include overtly negative content. Conclusions Currently available top-ranked apps for depression on the major marketplaces provide diverse functionality to benefit users across a range of age groups; however, guidelines and frameworks are still needed to ensure users’ privacy and safety while using them. Suggestions include clearly defining the age of the target population and explicit disclosure of the sharing of users’ sensitive data with third parties. In addition, we found an opportunity for apps to better leverage digital affordances for mitigating harm, for personalizing interventions, and for tracking multimodal content. The study further demonstrated the need to consider potential risks while using depression apps, including the use of nonvalidated screening tools, tracking negative moods or thinking patterns, and exposing users to negative emotional expression content.
Informal Economy Activities of Soviet Households: Size and Dynamics

Using unpublished archival data from Soviet family budget surveys, this paper estimates the size of the informal economy of Soviet households from 1969 to 1990, and compares the size of the Russian informal economy in the pre-transition period with that in the transition period. In addition, it provides an estimate of the size of households’ informal economy in each former Soviet republic in 1989. It finds that the average household expenditure in the informal economy, as a share of total household expenditure, was 23% from 1969 to 1990, contributing an additional 6.8% to Soviet Gross National Product. However, the share did not increase over time, even after the start of transition towards a market economy. It also finds a substantial variation among Soviet republics in the size of the informal economy.
Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Genes among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia e Clinical Isolates Rehab

#Corresponding author email: rh_micro2010@yahoo.com Tel: 00201067740754 Received 1/9/2019; Accepted 10/10/2019 DOI: 10.21608/ejm.2019. 16460.1113 ©2019 National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC) EXTENDED spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae became a major problem in the whole world. This work aimed to study the prevalence of ESBLs genes (blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M) in E. coli and K. pneumoniae clinical isolates recovered from Al Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, during the period between 2016 and 2018. One hundred sixty eight clinical isolates were screened for ESBLs production by double disc synergy test (DDST) and combination disc test (CDT). ESBLs genes were detected by PCR using specific primers. Out of 168 isolates, 113 (67.26%) were phenotypically positive ESBLs. Genotypically, only 108 (95.58%) were confirmed as ESBLs producer (61 E. coli and 47 K. pneumoniae isolates). The percentage of blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM were 91.7%, 82.4% and 78.7%, respectively. The co-existence of blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes were found in 47.54 and 72.34% for E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively.
Field cricket genome reveals the footprint of recent, abrupt adaptation in the wild

Evolutionary adaptation is generally thought to occur through incremental mutational steps, but large mutational leaps can occur during its early stages. These are challenging to study in nature due to the difficulty of observing new genetic variants as they arise and spread, but characterizing their genomic dynamics is important for understanding factors favoring rapid adaptation. Here, we report genomic consequences of recent, adaptive song loss in a Hawaiian population of field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus). A discrete genetic variant, flatwing, appeared and spread approximately 15 years ago. Flatwing erases sound‐producing veins on male wings. These silent flatwing males are protected from a lethal, eavesdropping parasitoid fly. We sequenced, assembled and annotated the cricket genome, produced a linkage map, and identified a flatwing quantitative trait locus covering a large region of the X chromosome. Gene expression profiling showed that flatwing is associated with extensive genome‐wide effects on embryonic gene expression. We found that flatwing male crickets express feminized chemical pheromones. This male feminizing effect, on a different sexual signaling modality, is genetically associated with the flatwing genotype. Our findings suggest that the early stages of evolutionary adaptation to extreme pressures can be accompanied by greater genomic and phenotypic disruption than previously appreciated, and highlight how abrupt adaptation might involve suites of traits that arise through pleiotropy or genomic hitchhiking.
Development of Inverse Methods for the Design of Ducts in Compressible Flow

This master thesis presents a method for the design of two-dimensional ducts in irrotational compressible flow. The method is based on a transformation of variables from the physical plane to a computational plane, where is the velocity potential and is the stream function. This coordinate transformation results in a strongly non-linear partial differential equation that requires a careful numerical treatment. The equation is deduced and a numerical procedure based on finite differences is presented. The numerical procedure is used in a computational program written in FORTRAN and using the PETSc libraries. This program is used in test cases and the results are presented and discussed. A result validation is made whenever possible.
Effect of dietary pine needles powder supplementation on 1 growth , organ weight , and blood biochemical profiles in 2 broilers 3 4

Abstract. This study explored the effects of pine needles powder (PNP) on growth performance, 5 gastrointestinal tract organ weight indices and blood biochemical profiles in broilers fed for 35 days. A 6 total of eighty 21-days old broilers with similar body weight were randomly allocated to four dietary 7 treatments with five replicates of four chickens per replicate. Birds were fed diets containing 0% PNP 8 (Control, CT), 1% PNP (PNP1), 3% PNP (PNP3) and 5% (PNP5) respectively. Birds were slaughtered 9 at the end of experimental period to investigate the antioxidant parameters in the serum and the weight 10 indices of the gastrointestinal tract. Growth performances were measured at the start and the end of the 11 five weeks period. The results showed that the final body weight and body weight gain had no 12 significant differences between groups (P > 0.05). The PNP supplementation increased the weight of 13 gizzard and rectums, but decreased small intestine weight (P < 0.05). Overall the weight indices of 14 gizzards and rectums increased in the PNP treatments, while the weight indices of small intestine 15 decreased compared with the CT (P < 0.05). Broilers receiving 3% PNP had higher serum superoxide 16 dismutase activity compared with CT (P < 0.05). The serum malondialdehyde content was lower in 17 PNP5 treatment compared with CT (P < 0.05). The serum triglyceride contents were lower in the PNP3 18 and PNP5 treatments compared with CT (P < 0.05). Total serum cholesterol of PNP1 and PNP3 19 treatments was lower than CT (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study showed that PNP supplementation 20 reduced the serum cholesterol and triglycerides in broilers and it may improve the development of the 21 digestive tract and antioxidant functions of broilers without altering growth performance. 22
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING HOW TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS IMPACT ENGINEERING DESIGN LEARNING: A CASE STUDY IN PRODUCT DISSECTION CAILYN ELIZABETH SPENCER SPRING 2017 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the

The rise of university resident undergraduate student populations and the increase of online learning have led educators to rethink the way that they teach engineering courses, particularly with their use of technology. One such area that has received particular exploration is hands-on learning opportunities, such as product dissection, or the systematic disassembly of a product in order to gain overall understanding. While initially deployed in physical classrooms, recent research and technological advancements have led to the exploration of product dissection in virtual environments. This approach provides a low-cost alternative to physical dissection and provides students with a greater opportunity to dissect many products. However, the impact of different virtual interfaces (computer, iPad, and immersive virtual reality) on engineering learning within the virtual realm have been understudied, prompting the current investigation. Specifically, the current thesis was developed to understand the impact of technology on learning, satisfaction, and perceived effort in product dissection through an experimentation with 18 undergraduate engineering students at The Pennsylvania State University. The results of this thesis show that different virtual interfaces did not impact student learning (as assessed by the Student Learning Assessment). However, perceived learning and satisfaction were highest for the immersive virtual reality system. In addition, the complexity of the product dissected had a significantly negative association with learning. Finally, there was no significant difference in the amount of perceived effort needed in order to complete the dissection across the different virtual interfaces. These results indicate that while a virtual interface may be perceived to provide a greater learning ability, it is actually the complexity of the product that is truly indicative of the overall learning. These findings provide much needed insights into the effects of technology integration and hands-on learning in the engineering classroom.
The rank and cranks

The rank and cranks Dennis Stanton Sept. 2019 2-5 Sorting via chip-firing James Propp Sept. 2019 6-7 On the cohomology of the Grassmannian Victor Reiner Sept. 2019 8-11 The Schur cone and the cone of log concavity Dennis White Sept. 2019 12-13 Matrix counting over finite fields Joel Brewster Lewis Sept. 2019 14-16 Descents and cyclic descents Ron M. Adin and Yuval Roichman Oct. 2019 17-20 Root polytope projections Sam Hopkins Oct. 2019 21-22 The restriction problem Mike Zabrocki Nov. 2019 23-25 A localized version of Greene’s theorem Joel Brewster Lewis Nov. 2019 26-28 Descent sets for tensor powers Bruce W. Westbury Dec. 2019 29-30 From Schensted to Pólya Dennis White Dec. 2019 31-33 On the multiplication table of Jack polynomials Per Alexandersson and Valentin Féray Dec. 2019 34-37 Two q,t-symmetry problems in symmetric function theory Maria Monks Gillespie Jan. 2020 38-41 Coinvariants and harmonics Mike Zabrocki Jan. 2020 42-45 Isomorphisms of zonotopal algebras Gleb Nenashev Mar. 2020 46-49
From rags to riches? Immigration and poverty in Spain

This paper explores for the first time the relationship between immigration and poverty in Spain. Using the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions 2006, we find that both moderate and severe poverty are more acute among migrants than among nationals and social transfers play no substantial role in reducing poverty in the former case. In addition, using an econometric non-linear decomposition, we show the gap in deprivation incidence is fully explained by the different effects of household characteristics on poverty reduction for immigrants and locals.
Epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus recovered from tertiary hospitals in north-eastern Nigeria

Ninety-six consecutive, non-duplicate S.aureus isolates from clinical specimens were collected between January to December 2007, from six tertiary hospitals in northeastern Nigeria analysed by phenotypic and molecular methods. Of the 96 S.aureus isolates, 12 (12.5%) MRSA isolates were identified by disc diffusion and confirmed by PCR assay, recovered from two of the 6 hospital (11 from UMTH and I from Gombe). Twelve MRSA and 4MSSA isolates exhibited multiresistant pattern to the commonly used antibiotics and 3 of the 12 MRSA were sensitive to clindamycin while all the S.aureus (MRSA and MSSA) isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, mupirocin and fusidic acid. Overall antibiotic susceptibility pattern demonstrated high level resistance with penicillin (92.1%), moderate level with gentamicin (14.6%), erythromycin (15.6%), cotrimoxazole (19.8%), ciprofloxacin (15.6), while low-level with clindamycin (9.4%) and rifapicin (2.1%). The SCCmec typing of the MRSA isolates by two standard typing methods revealed presence of novel SCCmec element, that have not be documented in literature.The MRSA prevalence of 12.5 percent may be considered to be high in an environment without previous surveillance studies. The multiresistant pattern of the pathogens to frontline antibiotics posed serious public health problem, because of cost and unavailability of alternate chemothrauptic option like vancomycinThe non-definition of SCCmec types affirmed divergent element of staphylococcal flora.