Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seeding and Nitrogen Rates Required to Optimize Winter Wheat Yields following Grain Sorghum and Soybean

No-till planting winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) following summer crops requires different crop management than continuous wheat. A 3-yr study was conducted to determine if increased seeding rates and N fertilizer rates were required to maximize wheat grain yields following grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ]. Wheat seeding rates of 67, 101, 134, and 168 kg ha -1 and N treatments of 0, 45, 90, and 134 kg N ha -1 were applied to areas previously planted to grain sorghum and soybean. Grain yield increased as seeding rate increased in all 3 yr, with yield optimized at seeding rates of ≥134 kg ha -1 regardless of the previous crop. Wheat response to N varied with previous crop, with wheat following grain sorghum requiring 21 kg ha -1 more N to maximize grain yields compared with wheat planted after soybean. These previous-crop effects were attributed to grain sorghum producing higher levels of residue and this residue immobilizing a greater amount of available N than soybean residue. Leaf N content decreased as seeding rates increased and increased as N rates increased. Leaf N content had a similar response to N rates and previous crops as grain yields. Grain N content increased as applied N increased. Results of this study indicate that different seeding and N rates are required to optimize wheat yields when no-till planted after grain sorghum and soybean.
Tecnologías al servicio de la orientación y de apoyo al aprendizaje

En el presente articulo encontraremos una breve justificacion de la necesidad de orientacion en el nivel mas alto del sistema educativo, para pasar, posteriormente, a explicar dos programas de orientacion universitaria, «Magallanes» y «Simus», desarrollados por el Grupo de Investigacion MIDO de la Universidad de Sevilla, los cuales, se engloban dentro del modelo tecnologico de la orientacion, es decir, toman como formato las nuevas tecnologias para desarrollar la accion orientadora.
Therapeutic efficacy of sonic hedgehog protein in experimental diabetic neuropathy

Hedgehog proteins modulate development and patterning of the embryonic nervous system. As expression of desert hedgehog and the hedgehog receptor, patched-1, persist in the postnatal and adult peripheral nerves, the hedgehog pathway may have a role in maturation and maintenance of the peripheral nervous system in normal and disease states. We measured desert hedgehog expression in the peripheral nerve of maturing diabetic rats and found that diabetes caused a significant reduction in desert hedgehog mRNA. Treating diabetic rats with a sonic hedgehog-IgG fusion protein fully restored motor- and sensory-nerve conduction velocities and maintained the axonal caliber of large myelinated fibers. Diabetes-induced deficits in retrograde transport of nerve growth factor and sciatic-nerve levels of calcitonin gene-related product and neuropeptide Y were also ameliorated by treatment with the sonic hedgehog-IgG fusion protein, as was thermal hypoalgesia in the paw. These studies implicate disruption of normal hedgehog function in the etiology of diabetes-induced peripheral-nerve dysfunction and indicate that delivery of exogenous hedgehog proteins may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.
Differences of XRCC1 Expression in Breast Cancer Between Uygur's and Han's Population

Objective: To detect the expression of DNA repair gene XRCC1 in Uygur's and Han's breast carcinoma tissue,and to explore its racial diversity in relation to oncogenesis.Methods: Seventy cases respectively of Uygur and Han patients with breast cancer were involved in this study.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was adopted to determinate the expression of XRCC1 mRNA in carcinoma tissue and adjacent tissue.Western blot was also used to detect its protein expression in 27 cases randomly selected from each group.Results: XRCC1 mRNA levels in breast carcinoma in both groups were higher than in corresponding adjacent tissues(P0.05),but XRCC1 protein expression in breast carcinoma were lower than the corresponding adjacent tissues in both groups(P0.05). And at the transcriptional level,XRCC1 gene exhibited racial differences(P0.05). Conclusion: XRCC1 gene showes transcription and translation level differences in breast cancer tissue and paracancerous tissue,and demonstrates racial diversity.
Two cases of grazing sheep with abundance of trans octadeca fatty acids in milk fat.

Within two groups of lactating Karakachan sheep, grazing mountain pastures in the Bulgarian Rhodope region, respectively one ewe produced milk containing extraordinarily high amounts of c9t11-C18:2 and t10-C18:1. The deviations from the group averages ranged up to about 20 standard deviations for the t10-C18:1 isomer in both cases. For one of the two sheep also t11-C18:1 proportion in total fatty acids was increased. Proportions of C18:0 and c9-C18 :1 were very low. As the deviating sheep did not receive any treatment differing from that of the other seven and nine animals of the respective groups, it is hypothesized that these changes are due to an inhibition of the terminal step of biohydrogenation in the rumen, possibly by ingestion of an unknown, effective plant species.
Demonstrations of implicit anti-fat bias: The impact of providing causal information and evoking empathy

Three studies investigated implicit biases, and their modifiability, against overweight persons. In Study 1 (N = 144), the authors demonstrated strong implicit anti-fat attitudes and stereotypes using the Implicit Association Test, despite no explicit anti-fat bias. When participants were informed that obesity is caused predominantly by overeating and lack of exercise, higher implicit bias relative to controls was produced; informing participants that obesity is mainly due to genetic factors did not result in lower bias. In Studies 2A (N = 90) and 2B (N = 63), participants read stories of discrimination against obese persons to evoke empathy. This did not lead to lower bias compared with controls but did produce diminished implicit bias among overweight participants, suggesting an in-group bias.
UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL PREFERENCES WITH SIMPLE TESTS

Departures from self-interest in economic experiments have recently inspired models of “social preferences”. We design a range of simple experimental games that test these theories more directly than existing experiments. Our experiments show that subjects are more concerned with increasing social welfare—sacrificing to increase the payoffs for all recipients, especially low-payoff recipients—than with reducing differences in payoffs (as supposed in recent models). Subjects are also motivated by reciprocity: They withdraw willingness to sacrifice to achieve a fair outcome when others are themselves unwilling to sacrifice, and sometimes punish unfair behavior.
Quantitative expression analysis of candidate genes for Septoria tritici blotch resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the ascomycete fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola (asexual stage: Septoria tritici), is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat. In this research, quantitative expression analysis of five candidate genes for the induction of resistance to STB (PR-1, Bsi, Msr, Per, and Ppi) was conducted in the wheat cultivars ‘Seri 82’ (susceptible) and ‘Frontana’ (resistant). The study used a randomized complete block design with three replications and five time-points (0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after inoculation). Evaluation of the expression of five candidate genes by real-time PCR showed that expression of Per, pr-1, Bsi, Msr genes was higher than 5, 3, 3 and 2 fold in treatment vs. control samples in ‘Frontana’ at 12 hours after inoculation respectively. The results indicated the effectiveness of these genes in the conferral of resistance to STB in wheat.
Examining trust and trustworthiness by integrating behavioral experiments into representative surveys

Typically, laboratory experiments suffer from homogeneous subject pools and self- selection biases. The usefulness of survey data is limited by measurement error and by the questionability of their behavioral relevance. Here we present a method integrating interactive experiments and representative surveys thereby overcoming crucial weaknesses of both approaches. One of the major advantages of our approach is that it allows for the integration of experiments, which require interaction among the participants, with a survey of non-interacting respondents in a smooth and inexpensive way. We illustrate the power of our approach with the analysis of trust and trustworthiness in Germany by combining representative survey data with representative behavioral data from a social dilemma experiment. We identify which survey questions intended to elicit people's trust correlate well with behaviorally exhibited trust in the experiment. People above the age of 65, highly skilled workers and people living in bigger households exhibit less trusting behavior. Foreign citizens, Catholics and people favoring the Social Democratic Party or the Christian Democratic Party exhibit more trust. People above the age of 65 and those in good health behave more trustworthy or more altruistically, respectively. People below the age of 35, the unemployed and people who say they are in favor of none of the political parties behave less trustworthy or less altruistically, respectively.
RFLP Mapping and QTL Analysis of Heading Date and Pollen Sterility Using Backcross Populations between Oryza sativa L. and Oryza glaberrima Steud.

To fully exploit the genetic potential of African rice, Oryza glaberrima Steud. , we aimed at developing a series of O. glaberrima introgression lines (GILs) in the back-ground of Japonica rice (O. sativa L. cv. Taichung 65). Each GIL carrying homozygous chromosome segments from O. glaberrima will be selected using RFLP markers. As a first step, an RFLP Iinkage map based on backcross population (BC1F1) was constructed. QTLs for two quantitative traits, male sterility and heading date, were investigated in the BC2F1 population. The RFLP map contained 101 well-dispersed RFLP markers. Total map length was 1403.4 cM. Linkage arrangement of the RFLP markers was in good agreement with that of the previously constructed maps. Significant segregation distortions were observed in chromosomes 4, 5, 6 and 11. In chromosome 6, a strong distortion towards O. glaberrima was found. On chromosomes 1, 6 and 10, significant (<1%) QTLS for heading were detected. In the heterozygous condition, O. glaberrima allcles around the RFLP markers C1211 (chromosome 1) and XNpb27 (chromosome 6) delayed heading, while another O. glaberrima allele(s) around XNpb37 (chromosome 10) caused early heading. On chromosomes 3, 7 and 10, significant (< 1%) QTLS for pollen sterility were detected. O. glaberrima allele(s) in these regions reduced the pollen fertility in the heterozygous condition. On chromosome 10, a wide region showed a significant association with the trait, suggesting the existence of a powerful male-sterility gene.
Satisfaction Of Trainees With Family Medicine Training Program: A Cross Sectional Study From Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND Focus on quality of postgraduate training has increased. One of the quality indicators is satisfaction of trainees with the residency programs. We aimed to assess the level of satisfaction of Saudi Board family medicine trainees with training program in Qassim. METHODS Anonymized online survey, using a structured questionnaire, was conducted among the current family medicine residents (n=60) in Qassim in 2019. Descriptive analyses were carried out to calculate frequencies of the responses. Satisfaction level was compared between basic (R1, R2) and advance (R3, R4) levels using Chi-square test. RESULTS About 67% (40) were basic level trainees. A higher proportion (>80%) of trainees was satisfied with the program director. Satisfaction with trainers ranged 45% to 85% for different items. About 79% of the trainees were satisfied with the training program organization. In the domain of training processes higher proportion (73-83%) was satisfied with supervision and feedback while a lower proportion (63- 68%) was satisfied with evaluations. Proportion of satisfied trainees in the domain of hospital rotations was lowest (43%) for academic activities in the hospitals. About family medicine rotations, a higher proportion (75%) was satisfied with academic activities. Higher proportion of trainees (78-86%) was satisfied with research facilitation and supervision. Mean score for overall satisfaction was 7.63 out of 10. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study would help focus on certain domains to improve the quality of program. We recommend family medicine programs to regularly carry out such surveys for continuous quality improvement.
Brain-first versus body-first Parkinson's disease: a multimodal imaging case-control study.

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the presence of abnormal, intraneuronal α-synuclein aggregates, which may propagate from cell-to-cell in a prion-like manner. However, it remains uncertain where the initial α-synuclein aggregates originate. We have hypothesized that Parkinson's disease comprises two subtypes. A brain-first (top-down) type, where α-synuclein pathology initially arises in the brain with secondary spreading to the peripheral autonomic nervous system; and a body-first (bottom-up) type, where the pathology originates in the enteric or peripheral autonomic nervous system and then spreads to the brain. We also hypothesized that isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) is a prodromal phenotype for the body-first type. Using multimodal imaging, we tested the hypothesis by quantifying neuronal dysfunction in structures corresponding to Braak stages I, II and III involvement in three distinct patient groups. We included 37 consecutive de novo patients with Parkinson's disease into this case-control PET study. Patients with Parkinson's disease were divided into 24 RBD-negative (PDRBD-) and 13 RBD-positive cases (PDRBD+) and a comparator group of 22 iRBD patients. We used 11C-donepezil PET/CT to assess cholinergic (parasympathetic) innervation, 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy to measure cardiac sympathetic innervation, neuromelanin-sensitive MRI to measure the integrity of locus coeruleus pigmented neurons, and 18F-dihydroxyphenylalanine (FDOPA) PET to assess putaminal dopamine storage capacity. Colon volume and transit times were assessed with CT scans and radiopaque markers. Imaging data from the three groups were interrogated with ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests corrected for multiple comparisons. The PDRBD- and PDRBD+ groups showed similar marked reductions in putaminal FDOPA-specific uptake, whereas two-thirds of iRBD patients had normal scans (P < 10-13, ANOVA). When compared to the PDRBD- patients, the PDRBD+ and iRBD patients showed reduced mean MIBG heart:mediastinum ratios (P < 10-5, ANOVA) and colon 11C-donepezil standard uptake values (P = 0.008, ANOVA). The PDRBD+ group trended towards a reduced mean MRI locus coeruleus: pons ratio compared to PDRBD- (P = 0.07, t-test). In comparison to the other groups, the PDRBD+ group also had enlarged colon volumes (P < 0.001, ANOVA) and delayed colonic transit times (P = 0.01, Kruskal-Wallis). The combined iRBD and PDRBD+ patient data were compatible with a body-first trajectory, characterized by initial loss of cardiac MIBG signal and 11C-colonic donepezil signal followed by loss of putaminal FDOPA uptake. In contrast, the PDRBD- data were compatible with a brain-first trajectory, characterized by primary loss of putaminal FDOPA uptake followed by a secondary loss of cardiac MIBG signal and 11C-donepezil signal. These findings support the existence of brain-first and body-first subtypes of Parkinson's disease.
Intraocular Pressure Responses to Four Different Isometric Exercises in Men and Women.

SIGNIFICANCE The performance of resistance exercise has evidenced to induce abrupt intraocular pressure (IOP) changes, which has been linked to the onset and progression of glaucoma. We found that four different isometric resistance exercises lead to an instantaneous and progressive IOP elevation, with these changes being independent of the type of exercise. PURPOSE The impact of physical exercise on IOP has demonstrated to be dependent on exercise type and intesity, as well as individuals' characteristics. In this study, we aimed to explore the influence of the load, exercise type, and participant's sex on the IOP behavior during a 2-minute isometric effort. METHODS Twenty-eight physically active collegiate students performed 2 minutes of isometric exercise in the military press, biceps curl, leg extension, and calf raise exercises against two different loads (high load and low load). Intraocular pressure was measured by rebound tonometry before, during (semicontinuos assessment [24 measurements]), and after 10 seconds of recovery in each of the eight (four exercises × two loads) conditions. RESULTS We found a statistically significant effect of load (P < .001, np = 0.906), with greater IOP values when performing the isometric exercises against heavier loads. There was a positive IOP rise during the execution of isometric exercise in the high-load condition, returning to baseline levels after 10 seconds of passive recovery. The exercise type and participant's sex did not reveal statistically significant differences (P = .33 and P = .56, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our data evidenced an instanteneous and progressive IOP rise during the execution of isometric exercise leading to muscular failure, regardless of the exercise type and participant's sex. After exercise, IOP rapidly retuned to baseline levels (within 10 seconds). The inclusion of glaucoma patients in future studies is guarranteed.
A stepped-wedge randomised trial on the impact of early ART initiation on HIV-patients’ economic outcomes in Eswatini

Background: Since 2015, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all HIV-positive patients. Epidemiological evidence points to important health benefits of immediate ART initiation; however, the policy’s impact on the economic aspects of patients' lives remains unknown. Methods: We conducted a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial in Eswatini to determine the causal impact of immediate ART initiation on patients’ individual- and household-level economic outcomes. Fourteen healthcare facilities were non-randomly matched into pairs and then randomly allocated to transition from the standard of care (ART eligibility at CD4 counts of <350 cells/mm3 until September 2016 and <500 cells/mm3 thereafter) to the ‘Early Initiation of ART for All’ (EAAA) intervention at one of seven timepoints. Patients, healthcare personnel, and outcome assessors remained unblinded. Data were collected via standardised paper-based surveys with HIV-positive adults who were neither pregnant nor breastfeeding. Outcomes were patients’ time use, employment status, household expenditures, and household living standards. Results: A total sample of 3019 participants were interviewed over the duration of the study. The mean number of participants approached at each facility per time step varied from 4 to 112 participants. Using mixed-effects negative binomial regressions accounting for time trends and clustering at the level of the healthcare facility, we found no significant difference between study arms for any economic outcome. Specifically, the EAAA intervention had no significant effect on non-resting time use (RR = 1.00 [CI: 0.96, 1.05, p=0.93]) or income-generating time use (RR = 0.94, [CI: 0.73,1.20, p=0.61]). Employment and household expenditures decreased slightly but not significantly in the EAAA group, with risk ratios of 0.93 [CI: 0.82, 1.04, p=0.21] and 0.92 [CI: 0.79, 1.06, p=0.26], respectively. We also found no significant treatment effect on households’ asset ownership and living standards (RR = 0.96, [CI 0.92, 1.00, p=0.253]). Lastly, there was no evidence of heterogeneity in effect estimates by patients’ sex, age, education, timing of HIV diagnosis and ART initiation. Conclusions: Our findings do not provide evidence that should discourage further investments into scaling up immediate ART for all HIV patients. Funding: Funded by the Dutch Postcode Lottery in the Netherlands, Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung (Humboldt-Stiftung), the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in South Africa/Mozambique, British Columbia Centre of Excellence in Canada, Doctors Without Borders (MSF USA), National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health and Joachim Herz Foundation. Clinical trial number: NCT02909218 and NCT03789448.
Change of poverty and outcome of persons with severe mental illness in rural China, 1994-2015

Background: It is unknown whether and how poverty influences the long-term outcome of persons with severe mental illness (SMI). Aims: To explore the change of poverty status in persons with SMI from 1994 to 2015 and examine the impact of poverty status on patients’ outcome in rural China. Method: Two mental health surveys using identical methods and International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) were conducted in 1994 and 2015 in the same six townships of Xinjin County, Chengdu, China. Results: The annual net income per person was 19.8% and 100.2% higher for the general population than for persons with SMI in 1994 and 2015 respectively. Compared with 1994 (48.2%), persons with SMI in 2015 had significantly higher rates of poor family economic status (<mean) (65.2%) (p < .001). Persons with SMI in poor family economic status were significantly more likely to be male, unmarried, unable to work, with no family caregivers or a smaller number of family members, and in poor mental status in 1994 and 2015 (p < .05). The risk factors significantly associated with patients’ poor mental status included poor work ability, younger age of first onset, never-treated status and poor family economic status. Conclusions: Relative poverty of persons with SMI has become more severe during the rapid socioeconomic development in rural China. Relative poverty of household, poor work ability, younger age of onset and never-treated status are risk factors of poor outcome. Culture-specific, community-based interventions and targeted poverty alleviation programs should improve patients’ early identification, treatment and recovery.
Lacosamide-induced recurrent ventricular fibrillation: A case report .

Lacosamide, a new antiepileptic drug, acts at central nervous system level but may also affect the heart, increasing the risk of cardiac arrhythmias. Only few cases of lacosamide-induced cardiac dysrhythmia have been published. We report a case of several episodes of a life-threatening ventricular fibrillation requiring cardioversion following the first doses of lacosamide as adjunctive epilepsy treatment.
Post‐operative discomforts in children after extraction of primary teeth

This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate discomfort after extraction of deciduous teeth under local anesthesia. The primary objective was to describe the prevalence of post‐extraction pain (PEP), post‐extraction bleeding (PEB), post‐extraction biting injury (PEBI), and analgesic usage in children. The secondary objective was to define whether it is possible to determine a profile of patients or a type of extraction procedure predictive to PEP, administration of analgesics, PEB, or PEBI.