Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FeNi-based magnetoimpedance multilayers: Tailoring of the softness by magnetic spacers

The microstructure and magnetic properties of sputtered permalloy films and FeNi(170 nm)/X/FeNi(170 nm) (X = Co, Fe, Gd, Gd-Co) sandwiches were studied. Laminating of the thick FeNi film with various spacers was done in order to control the magnetic softness of FeNi-based multilayers. In contrast to the Co and Fe spacers, Gd and Gd-Co magnetic spacers improved the softness of the FeNi/X/FeNi sandwiches. The magnetoimpedance responses were measured for [FeNi/Ti(6 nm)]2/FeNi and [FeNi/Gd(2 nm)]2/FeNi multilayers in a frequency range of 1–500 MHz: for all frequencies under consideration the highest magnetoimpedance variation was observed for [FeNi/Gd(2 nm)]2/FeNi multilayers.
Isolation and Characterization of the Genes Involved in the Berberine Synthesis Pathway in Asian Blue Cohosh, Caulophyllum robustum

Caulophyllum robustum, commonly named Asian blue cohosh, is a perennial herb in the family Berberidaceae. It has traditionally been used for folk medicine in China. We isolated berberine from the leaves, stem, roots, and fruits of C. robustum, and this is the first report on berberine in this species. Transcriptome analysis was conducted for the characterization of berberine biosynthesis genes in C. robustum, in which, all the genes for berberine biosynthesis were identified. From 40,094 transcripts, using gene ontology (GO) analysis, 26,750 transcripts were assigned their functions in the categories of biological process, molecular function, and cellular component. In the analysis of genes expressed in different tissues, the numbers of genes in the categories of intrinsic component of membrane and transferase activity were up-regulated in leaves versus stem. The berberine synthesis genes in C. robustum were characterized by phylogenetic analysis with corresponding genes from other berberine-producing species. The co-existence of genes from different plant families in the deepest branch subclade implies that the differentiation of berberine synthesis genes occurred early in the evolution of berberine-producing plants. Furthermore, the copy number increment of the berberine synthesis genes was detected at the species level.
Effect of rotation on isotropic turbulence: computation and modelling

This paper uses numerical simulation to analyse the effects of uniform rotation on homogeneous turbulence. Both large-eddy and full simulations were made. The results indicate that the predominant effect of rotation is to decrease the rate of dissipation of the turbulence and increase the lengthscales, especially those along the axis of rotation. These effects are a consequence of the reduction, due to the generation of inertial waves, of the net energy transfer from large eddies to small ones. Experiments are also influenced by a more complicated interaction between the rotation and the wakes of the turbulence-generating grid which modifies the nominal initial conditions in the experiment. The latter effect is accounted for in simulations by modifying the initial conditions. Finally, a two-equation model is proposed that accounts for the effects of rotation and is able to reproduce the experimental decay of the turbulent kinetic energy.
A Test of a Dual Model of Positive and Negative EORs: Dialogic Employee Communication Perceptions Related to Employee-Organization Relationships and Employee Megaphoning Intentions1

ABSTRACT This study investigated how employees’ perceptions of an organization’s dialogic employee communication influence their evaluations of their positive and negative relationships with the organization. The study further examined how employees’ relationship assessments could drive their intentions for positive and negative megaphoning about their organizations. To test the differentiating effects of dialogic employee communication on positive and negative employee-organization relationships (EORs) and, subsequently, employee megaphoning intentions, we used a dual measure with the positive and the negative EORs. The online survey of 527 full-time U.S. employees showed that dialogic employee communication – particularly mutuality orientation – distinctively influenced the employees’ EOR assessments. The survey results also showed that stronger and more-positive EORs led to increased positive megaphoning intentions, and that stronger and more-negative EORs led to increased negative megaphoning intentions. This study found that positive EOR mediated the links between dialogic employee communication and both positive and negative intentions, but that negative EOR mediated only the link between dialogic employee communication and the negative megaphoning intention.
Impact of Family Control and Influence on Financing Decisions of Family Firms: A Case of Pakistani Family Firms in the Prospective of Socioemotional Wealth

This study focuses on the financing choices of family firms under the umbrella of Socioemotional wealth. It investigates how a family firm makes its financing policy based on persuasion of a non-financial goal which is the need to maintain family control over the business. In the context of non-financial Pakistani listed firms in the Pakistan Stock Exchange, with data range starts from 2009 to 2020. Our results show that family firms with a high need to maintain their family control over the business have high debt levels. Similarly having family representation on the board shows a positive relationship with debt financing. We also conclude that having a family CEO is also linked with the use of extensive debt. Our findings are consistent with the view that Socioemotional wealth is an important determinant of making important financial decisions.
Moving boundary shallow water flow above parabolic bottom topography

Exact solutions of the two dimensional nonlinear shallow water wave equations for flow involving linear bottom friction and with no forcing are found for flow above parabolic bottom topography. These solutions also involve moving shorelines. The motion decays over time. In the solution of the three simultaneous nonlinear partial differential shallow water wave equations it is assumed that the velocity is a function of time only and along one axis. This assumption reduces the three simultaneous nonlinear partial differential equations to two simultaneous linear ordinary differential equations . The solutions found are useful for testing numerical solutions of the nonlinear shallow water wave equations which include bottom friction and whose flow involves moving shorelines.
On a New Interpretation of Fuzzy C Mean Using Quantum Theory

A quantum mechanics interpretation of Fuzzy C-Mean (FCM) is presented. Cluster aims to study the data distribution in scale space. Its characteristics are very similar to the particle world in quantum physics. By analyzing the essence of the quantum potential and the quantum trap, the paper discusses the core and the basis of Quantum Clustering in quantum mechanics. A couple of drawbacks about Quantum Clustering algorithm is also presented. In addition, known from the fuzzy mathematical computing, the important fuzzy similarity parameter u in FCM is expressed by the quantum wave function. After a series of analysis, the important six innovation conclusions about Iris, FCM, and Quantum Clustering are proposed, and one of the most important is that there is a cryptical wave function existing in FCM, as well as several important experimental results prove it.
On Causal Inference for Ordinal Outcomes

This dissertation studies the problem of causal inference for ordinal outcomes. Chapter 1 focuses on the sharp null hypothesis of no treatment e↵ect on all experimental units, and develops a systematic procedure for closed-form construction of sequences of alternative hypotheses in increasing orders of their departures from the sharp null hypothesis. The resulted construction procedure helps assessing the powers of randomization tests with ordinal outcomes. Chapter 2 proposes two new causal parameters, i.e., the probabilities that the treatment is beneficial and strictly beneficial for the experimental units, and derives their sharp bounds using only the marginal distributions, without imposing any assumptions on the joint distribution of the potential outcomes. Chapter 3 generalizes the framework in Chapter 2 to address noncompliance.
Heavy Metals Effects on Agricultural Soil Enzyme Activities of Fez, Morocco

Enzyme activities in soils are influenced by soil characteristics and pollutants and could be indicator of soil quality. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between physicochemical characteristics, heavy metals contents and enzyme activities (EA) in agricultural soils in the Saiss plain (Morocco). The analysis of six agricultural soil samples (sites 1–6), collected from urban and periurban agricultural soils of Fez region, showed that soils are generally alkaline with high CaCO 3 that rich 46%, EC (525–703 µS/cm), rich in organic matter (3.14–5.80%). The Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations in the studied area are generally greater than the Upper Continental Crust, with a deceasing order: Zn> Cr> Pb> Cu> Ni. Geo-accumulation index showed that soils are unpolluted to moderately polluted except site 5 and site 6 that are moderately to strongly polluted by respectively Cu, Pb, Zn and Pb. Potential ecological r і sk factors were below 40, which means low potential ecological r і sk except site 5 that has moderate potential ecological risk by Cu and Pb. Soil potential ecological risk indices were found <150 indicating low ecological risk. According to this index, Cu caused more serious pollution than the other elements. The enzyme act і vities of the s і x soil samples showed almost the similar ranges of values. These EA showed the highest values in site 5.The sens і tivity of soil enzyme to heavy metals were observed UREA>PHOS>GALA. Pearson’s correlation showed significant posі tive correlat і on between studied soil EA and between these EA and heavy metals (Cu, Pb and Zn), and significant negative correlatі on between EA and heavy metals (Cr and Ni). The results of this study enrich and provide data base of the impact of heavy metals on soil enzyme act і vities in agr і cultural soils in the Saiss plain.
Microscopic Approach to Irreversible Thermodynamics III: Generalized Constitutive Equations

This paper and the following one are part of a planned sequence of contributions on the question of the mechano-statistical foundations of irreversible thermodynamics and generalized hydrodynamics, based on the nonequilibrium statistical operator method via the information entropy ensemble. With this we introduce what can be termed Informational Statistical Thermodynamics. The series of papers amounts to an extension and detailed application of a general formalism initiated in papers I and II (quoted in references [12] and [13]) to study the time evolution of the variables selected to describe the nonequilibrium macroscopic states of an N-body system. These variables are to be chosen according to some criteria which the observer uses to define such states, but are otherwise arbitrary. We consider here the set that includes the ordinary fluxes of Linear Irreversible Thermodynamics (LIT), thus raising these variables to the status of state variables, to recover the results comprising the basis of what is now known as Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics (EIT). The time evolution equations for the fluxes are shown to be of the type of generalized Mori-Langevin equations that are nonlinear and nonlocal in space and in time. Under appropriate approximations such equations are reduced to those of the so-called Maxwell-Cattaneo-Vernotte type contained in EIT, which are generalizations of the usual constitutive equations of LIT. In fact, taking a linear approximation in the fluxes and a local-in-time-approach, and considering a quasi-steady state, the equations represent nonlocal-in-space generalized constitutive-like equations for the fluxes.
Adaptive control of stochastic Hammerstein systems with dead-zone input non-linearity

This article presents a new control scheme for H systems with symmetric dead-zone input non-linearity and coloured noise. Based on the parameterized H model, we derive a dead-zone compensating control law and a recursive estimator. Theoretical analysis shows that global convergence and closed-loop stability can be guaranteed using the proposed algorithms. What is more, theoretical results show that the output tracking error is convergent with a specific residue, which is related to the variance of the noise and the parameter estimate. Simulation results confirm that the proposed method leads to satisfactory output tracking performance.
Doppler Radar Study of the Trailing Anvil Region Associated with a Squall Line

Abstract The kinematic structure and reflectivity distribution within a region of widespread precipitation associated with a summertime midlatitude (Illinois) squall line, as revealed by an analysis of Doppler radar data, are presented and discussed. The squall line moved in a southeasterly direction while active convection forming on its leading edge moved in a northeasterly direction. Decaying thunderstorms and their anvils merged to form the extensive region of stratiform precipitation which trailed the squall line. An extension of the VAD (Velocity Azimuth Display) method, or the EVAD (Extended VAD) method, has been developed for the analysis of single-Doppler radar data. In contrast to the VAD method, which requires knowledge of the particle fall velocities (or assumptions regarding it) to calculate the divergence of the horizontal wind, the EVAD method yields the vertical distributions of both the particle fall speed and the divergence. Also presented are results from a multiple-Doppler (MDOP) analy.
Virtual HDR Boost for Prostate Cancer: Rebooting a Classic Treatment Using Modern Tech

Simple Summary Brachytherapy for prostate cancer is a method where radiotherapy is directly delivered to the prostate via surgical insertion of the radioactive source. Brachytherapy can increase the amount of radiation delivered to the prostate cancer but sometimes at the cost of increased side effects. Here, we review promising early results from alternative non-invasive techniques that now exist and can deliver similar radiotherapy doses without the need for the surgical procedure required for brachytherapy. Abstract Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common malignancy in men. Internal radiotherapy (brachytherapy) has been used to treat PC successfully for over a century. In particular, there is level-one evidence of the benefits of using brachytherapy to escalate the dose of radiotherapy compared with standard external beam radiotherapy approaches. However, the use of PC brachytherapy is declining, despite strong evidence for its improved cancer outcomes. A method using external beam radiotherapy known as virtual high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost (vHDRB) aims to noninvasively mimic a brachytherapy boost radiation dose plan. In this review, we consider the evidence supporting brachytherapy boosts for PC and the continuing evolution of vHDRB approaches, culminating in the current generation of clinical trials, which will help define the role of this emerging modality.
Latent class and latent transition analysis

Often quantities of interest in psychology cannot be observed directly. These unobservable quantities are known as latent variables. By using multiple items as indicators of the latent variable, we can obtain a more complete picture of the construct of interest and estimate measurement error. One approach to latent variable modeling is latent class analysis, a method appropriate for examining the relationship between discrete observed variables and a discrete latent variable. The present chapter will introduce latent class analysis, its extension to repeated measures, and recent developments further extending the latent class model. First, the concept of a latent class and the mathematical model are presented. This is followed by a discussion of parameter restrictions, model fit, and the measurement quality of categorical items. Second, latent class analysis is demonstrated through an examination of the prevalence of depression types in adolescents. Third, longitudinal extensions of the latent class model are presented. This section also contains an empirical example on adolescent depression types, where the previous analysis is extended to examine the stability and change in depression types over time. Finally, several recent developments that further extend the latent class model are introduced. Keywords: categorical variables; depression types; latent class analysis; latent transition analysis; latent variables; longitudinal
Ensemble Forecasts of Drought Indices Using a Conditional Residual Resampling Technique

Abstract The historical climate record and seasonal temperature and precipitation records provide useful datasets for making short-term drought predictions. A variety of methods have exploited these resources, but few have quantitatively measured uncertainties associated with predictions of drought index values commonly used in management plans. In this paper, stochastic approaches for estimating uncertainty are applied to drought index predictions. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center (CPC) seasonal forecasts and resampling of nearest-neighbor residuals are incorporated to measure uncertainty in monthly forecasts of Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) and standardized precipitation index (SPI) in central South Carolina. Kuiper skill scores of PDSI indicate good forecast performance with up to 3-month lead time and improvements for 1-month-lead SPI forecasts. NOAA CPC climate outlook improved the forecast skill by as much as 40%, and the degree of improvement v.
Sound transmission to the human fetus

A common noninvasive test for fetal well‐being involves transmitting an audio‐frequency acoustic signal into the amniotic fluid by means of a mechanical vibrator, which is applied to the mother’s abdomen close to the fetal head. This test has been simulated in the laboratory, using a silicone rubber model uterus of spherical shape filled with water. The outside of the model was excited by an impedance head and a load‐distributing contact disk. Mechanical impedance measurements were compared with similar measurements on volunteer subjects at about 30 weeks’ pregnancy, and showed similar trends as a function of frequency. The model was then used to establish a transfer function between the exciting force and the acoustic pressure in the water‐filled cavity. A simple theoretical model is presented which accounts for the main features observed experimentally. Results indicate that commercial fetal stimulators can produce intrauterine sound pressures as high as 30 Pa rms (180 Pa peak pressure) close to the poi.
Cytotaxonomy and Molecular Analyses of Mycteria americana (Ciconiidae: Ciconiiformes): Insights on Stork Phylogeny

Although molecular information for the wood stork (Mycteria americana) has been well described, data concerning their karyotypical organization and phylogenetic relationships with other storks are still scarce. Thus, we aimed to analyze the chromosomal organization and diversification of M. americana, and provide evolutionary insights based on phylogenetic data of Ciconiidae. For this, we applied both classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques to define the pattern of distribution of heterochromatic blocks and their chromosomal homology with Gallus gallus (GGA). Maximum likelihood analyses and Bayesian inferences (680 bp COI and 1007 bp Cytb genes) were used to determine their phylogenetic relationship with other storks. The results confirmed 2n = 72, and the heterochromatin distribution pattern was restricted to centromeric regions of the chromosomes. FISH experiments identified fusion and fission events involving chromosomes homologous to GGA macrochromosome pairs, some of which were previously found in other species of Ciconiidae, possibly corresponding to synapomorphies for the group. Phylogenetic analyses resulted in a tree that recovered only Ciconinii as a monophyletic group, while Mycteriini and Leptoptlini tribes were configured as paraphyletic clades. In addition, the association between phylogenetic and cytogenetic data corroborates the hypothesis of a reduction in the diploid number throughout the evolution of Ciconiidae.
Correction of Time-varying PMU Phase Angle Deviation with Unknown Transmission Line Parameters

—Phasor measurement units (PMUs) provide useful data for real-time monitoring of the smart grid. However, there may be time-varying deviation in phase angle differences (PADs) between both ends of the transmission line (TL), which may deteriorate application performance based on PMUs. To address that, this paper proposes two robust methods of correcting time-varying PAD deviation with unknown parameters of TL (ParTL). First, the phenomena of time-varying PAD deviation observed from field PMU data are presented. Two general formulations for PAD estimation are then established. To simplify the formulations, estimation of PADs is converted into the optimal problem with a single ParTL as the variable, yielding a linear estimation of PADs. The latter is used by second-order Taylor series expansion to estimate PADs accurately. To reduce the impact of possible abnormal amplitude data in field data, the IGG (Institute of Geodesy & Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) weighting function is adopted. Results using both simulated and field data verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methods.
Constitutive Models for Healing of Materials with Application to Compaction of Crushed Rock Salt

Certain materials exhibit a capability to heal with time. Healing implies that microcracks and microvoids reduce in size, with a corresponding increase in stiffness and strength, features that are exactly the opposite of those normally associated with continuum damage mechanics. A continuum healing mechanics model is proposed within a framework that automatically meets the restrictions of thermodynamics. Rate-independent and rate-dependent formulations are both given. Specific evolution equations are given for a scalar isotropic assumption and comparisons with a limited amount of experimental data on crushed rock salt are given. Good correlations are shown for changes in time of Young's modulus and inelastic strain. The preliminary results provide a good foundation for other examples of healing such as the curing of concrete, the sintering of ceramics and the compaction of cohesive sands and clays.