Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PEAT-FORMING ENVIRONMENT OF COAL-BEARING PERMIAN SEDIMENTS IN KACHINAPALLI AREA OF GODAVARI GRABEN, INDIA

This article integrates palaeobotanical and palynological analysis to establish palynostratigraphic succession and depositional environment for the borecore MGK-6 from Kachinapalli area of Lingala-Koyagudem coal belt of Godavari Graben, South India. Palynological analysis in sub-surface sediments of 490.10 m deep borecore have divulged occurrence of three palynoassemblages. Palynoassemblage I at 314.25-346.65 m is marked by dominance of nonstriate disaccates Scheuringipollenites maximus, S. tentulus along with subdominance of few striate disaccates chiefly Striatopodocarpites decorus, Faunipollenites (=Protohaploxypinus) varius, F. bharadwajii. Palynoassemblage II at 220.70-298 m is characterized by dominance of striate disaccates viz., Striatopodocarpites tiwarii, Faunipollenites bharadwajii, Striatites varius, Strotersporites indicus, S. communis, Lunatisporites diffuses, L. ovatus with subdominance of nonstriate disaccates Scheuringipollenites maximus, S. tentulus and Ibisporites jhingurdahiensis. Palynoassemblage III identified at 46.75-206.70 m shows dominance of striate disaccates viz., Striasulcites ovatus, Striatopodocarpites diffuses, S. tiwarii, Faunipollenites bharadwajii, F. varius, F. parvus, F. goraensis and Crescentipollenites globosus, C. brevis along with a number of stratigraphically significant taxa viz., Strotersporites indicus, Lunatisporites diffusus, Corisaccites alutas, Guttulapollenites hannonicus, Klausipollenites sp. , Falcisporites zapfei, F. nuthallensis, Weylandites circularis, Striomonosaccites circularis and Chordasporites sp. Palynoassemblage I (Barakar palynoflora) belongs to Artinskian age while, Palynoassemblages II and III (Raniganj palynoflora) belongs to Guadalupian age. The dominance of arborescent vegetation (glossopterids and conifers), low proportion of spores (lycopsids, sphenopsids and filiciopsids) and scare presence of algal elements suggests that Kachinapalli palaeomire landscape was located in more inland area and the coal was formed in peat swamp forest environment situated in fresh water settings.
An assistive robotic device that can synchronize to the pelvic motion during human gait training

We are developing a robotic device, PAM (pelvic assist manipulator), that assists the pelvic motion during human gait training on a treadmill. PAM allows naturalistic motion of pelvis actuated by six pneumatic cylinders, which, combined with a nonlinear force-tracking controller, provide backdrivability and large force output at a relatively low cost. PAM can act as a teach-and-replay device with a PD position controller driving the pelvis onto the reference trajectory specified with or without the help of therapists. During initial experiments with unimpaired subjects, we encountered a problem in which the subjects had difficulty synchronizing their movements with the gait pattern reproduced by PAM, even though that gait pattern had been sampled from the subjects themselves. We introduced footswitches to detect the gait timing and developed a feedback control algorithm that adjusts the play-back speed of the gait pattern in real-time. The feedback algorithm is presented, along with data that shows the effectiveness of the algorithm in synchronizing the robotic assistance during stepping by unimpaired subjects, even when the subjects change their step size and period.
The differences of nature experiences between urban and rural children

Abstract This study aims to investigate the differences between urban and rural children in experiencing nature through direct experiences and indirect experiences, as well as non-nature experiences. Questionnaires were distributed to 760 children from 20 schools located in urban and rural areas in Kedah and Penang, Malaysia. The data were analysed using mean score, standard deviation and one-way analysis of variance. The results confirmed that direct experiences with nature among children in both urban and rural areas have declined and children obtain nature experiences mostly through indirect experiences. The results also showed that there were differences between urban and rural children in experiencing nature. Rural children have slightly more direct experiences with nature as compared to children in urban areas, but further analysis showed that the differences of direct experiences between children in Urban Kedah and Rural Kedah were the one that significantly differ with each other. As for indirect experiences, urban children have more indirect experiences with nature as compared to rural children. Meanwhile, for non-nature experiences, there was no difference between urban and rural children. Overall, this study suggests that urban and rural location do influence the frequency of children’s experiences with nature particularly the frequency of direct experiences with nature. However, having nearby nature within children’s places and spaces is rather more important in making a significant difference on how frequent children have direct experiences with nature. This study further highlights the importance to reconnect both urban and rural children with nature within their daily places and spaces such as home yard, neighbourhood areas, playground, and schools. The directions of future research are also discussed. Keywords : children, direct experiences, experiences with nature, indirect experiences, urban, rural
Dynamics of a wavy plane Wilson surface observable from AdS-CFT correspondence

Guided by the paper [10] by Polyakov and Rychkov, we compute the second variational derivative of a wavy plane Wilson surface observable, to find that a necessary condition for a proposed surface equation to be satisfied in the large-N limit is that we are in the critical dimension D = 6.
The role of the long‐range exchange corrections in the description of electron delocalization in aromatic species

In this article, we address the role of the long‐range exchange corrections in description of the cyclic delocalization of electrons in aromatic systems at the density functional theory level. A test set of diversified monocyclic and polycyclic aromatics is used in benchmark calculations involving various exchange‐correlation functionals. A special emphasis is given to the problem of local aromaticity in acenes, which has been a subject of long‐standing debate in the literature. The presented results indicate that the noncorrected exchange‐correlation functionals significantly overestimate cyclic delocalization of electrons in heteroaromatics and aromatic systems with fused rings, which in the case of acenes leads to conflicting local aromaticity predictions from different criteria. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Advancing Water Use Efficiency in Vineyards with Sub-surface Micro-irrigation Techniques

Abstract. This poster presentation describes methods employed to increase water use efficiency in grapevines via micro-irrigation delivered sub-surface at depths ranging from 30 â€“ 120 cm. The irrigation delivery system uses 1.27 cm (id) diameter PVC tubes inserted vertically into pre-drilled holes placed 45 cm either side of the vine trunk and in line with the dripline. A barbed connector with attached 15 cm length of 0.63 cm diameter tubing attached to a fixed rate drip emitter (2 L/hr) beneath a center drilled PVC cap secures the system in place and prevents exposure of the dripper to either atmosphere or soil. Plant root growth in response to wetting zone is quantified by periodic digital photography via a clear hard acrylic mini-rhizotron and camera system controlled by a laptop computer. Plant water stress is monitored by pressure bomb and auto-porometer, and compared to digital imagery obtained from a thermal sensing camera mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). While this technique is currently being used only for research to quantify physiological responses of the vine and its root system, its potential use in mature vineyards may permit more water efficient irrigation while reducing weeds and disease issues, as well as avoiding root pruning during installation and lessening problems from burrowing rodents impacting buried lines or clogging of emitters from contact with the soil. Published results are anticipated by 2017.
Assessing the Impacts of Commercial Clearcut on Freshwater Invertebrate Communities

Forest harvesting can impact the environment in many ways, one of which is causing a loss of subsidies and increased light intensity to freshwater ecosystems. This can have a major impact on freshwater invertebrate communities that may rely on subsidies to survive. In this study, I tested two effects of commercial clearcut, changes in light availability and detrital resources, on freshwater invertebrate communities. Cattle tanks containing freshwater invertebrates were given detritus from two different plots: one which underwent commercial clearcut over 50 years ago, and one which underwent commercial clearcut 2 years ago. Tanks were also placed in two areas of differing canopy: one shaded, another open. The abundance, richness, and composition of the invertebrate communities were measured. There was no significant difference between the 50-year and 2-year clearcut leaf subsidy treatments, but there was a significant difference between the shaded and opened canopy treatment. This indicates that a lack of canopy over a freshwater ecosystem in autumn or winter alters freshwater invertebrate communities through light availability rather than through a lack of detritus.
Paravirtual Remote I/O

The traditional "trap and emulate" I/O paravirtualization model conveniently allows for I/O interposition, yet it inherently incurs costly guest-host context switches. The newer "sidecore" model eliminates this overhead by dedicating host (side)cores to poll the relevant guest memory regions and react accordingly without context switching. But the dedication of sidecores on each host might be wasteful when I/O activity is low, or it might not provide enough computational power when I/O activity is high. We propose to alleviate this problem at rack scale by consolidating the dedicated sidecores spread across several hosts onto one server. The hypervisor is then effectively split into two parts: the local hypervisor that hosts the VMs, and the remote hypervisor that processes their paravirtual I/O. We call this model vRIO---paraVirtual Remote I/O. We find that by increasing the latency somewhat, it provides comparable throughput with fewer sidecores and superior throughput with the same number of sidecores as compared to the state of the art. vRIO additionally constitutes a new, cost-effective way to consolidate I/O devices (on the remote hypervisor) while supporting efficient programmable I/O interposition.
Fast Food, Addiction, and Market Power

Many attribute the rise in obesity since the early 1980's to the overconsumption of fast food. A dynamic model of a different-product industry equilibrium shows that a firm with market power will price below marginal cost in a steady-state equilibrium. A spatial hedonic pricing model is used to test whether fast food firms set prices in order to exploit their inherent addictiveness. The results show that firms price products dense in addictive nutrients below marginal cost, but price products high in nonaddictive nutrients higher than would be the case in perfect competition.
Pyrrhic victories: the need for social status drives costly competitive behavior

Competitive behavior is commonly defined as the decision to maximize one's payoffs relative to others. We argue instead that competitive drive derives from a desire for social status. We make use of a multi-player auction task in which subjects knowingly incur financial losses for the sake of winning auctions. First, we show that overbidding is increased when the task includes members of a rival out-group, suggesting that social identity is an important mediator of competitiveness. In addition, we show that the extent that individuals are willing to incur losses is related to affective responses to social comparisons but not to monetary outcomes. Second, we show that basal levels of testosterone predict overbidding, and that this effect of testosterone is mediated by affective responses to social comparisons. Based on these findings, we argue that competitive behavior should be conceptualized in terms of social motivations as opposed to just relative monetary payoffs.
Characteristics of glucose biosensors with glucose oxidase deposited under high electric field

This paper discuss the characteristics of newly developed glucose biosensors with glucose oxidase deposited under high electric field electrophoresis. Enzyme deposition has been verified using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The response time of the fabricated sensor has been found to be within 10s to 20s. the developed sensor shows a sensitivity of 0. 13μA/cm2/mM and a linear range of 0-12mM.
An Experimental Setup for Measuring Unstable Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Shape Memory Alloy Wire

An experimental arrangement is demonstrated that overcomes some difficulties in thermo-mechanical testing of thin Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires under uniaxial tension. It is now well known that stress-induced transformations in some SMAs under uniaxial loading can lead to mechanical instabilities and propagating phase transformation fronts. Critical parameters, such as nucleation barriers are difficult to measure by conventional testing techniques and are often masked by unavoidable stress concentrations at grips. In addition, simultaneous full field measurements of localized deformation and temperature fields are difficult to obtain for different ambient conditions. The current scheme uses a temperature-controlled conduction block and a non-uniform temperature field induced by thermoelectric modules to uncover the underlying thermo-mechanical response of the wire. The approach also allows access for optical and infrared imaging of the specimen deformation and temperature fields.
Geometric fracture modeling in Bolt

Modeling the geometry of solid materials cracking and shattering into elaborately shaped pieces is a painstaking task, which is often impractical to tune by hand when a large number of fragments are produced. In Walt Disney's animated feature film Bolt, cracking and shattering objects were prominent visual elements in a number of action sequences. We designed a system to facilitate the modeling of cracked and shattered objects, enabling the automatic generation of a large number of fragments while retaining the flexibility to artistically control the density and complexity of the crack formation, or even manually controlling the shape of the resulting pieces where necessary. Our method resolves every fragment exactly into a separate triangulated surface mesh, producing pieces that line up perfectly even upon close inspection, and allows straightforward transfer of texture and look properties from the un-fractured model.
Isolation Improvement in a Dual-Band Dual-Element MIMO Antenna System Using Capacitively Loaded Loops

A dual-band dual-element multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system with enhanced isolation is proposed. The MIMO antenna system is based on printed 4-shaped antenna elements. Dual band isolation is achieved by using an array of printed capacitively loaded loops (CLLs) on the top side of the board for high band isolation improvement and a complementary CLL structure on the GND plane of the antenna for lower band isolation improvement. The lower band of operation covers 827{853MHz and the higher band covers 2.3{ 2.98GHz. Two prototypes were investigated to access the efiect of the isolation mechanism. Measured isolation improvement of 10dB was observed in the lower operating band while the improvement in the higher band was approximately 2.5dB. The isolation improvement was at the expense of 5% reduction in e-ciency. The measured gain patterns as well MIMO flgures of merits such as the correlation factor, TARC and MEG were investigated as well.
Miniature High-Temperature Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Design Based on U-Shaped Lossless Taper for Thermal Mapping Applications

A novel design for a miniature fiber Bragg grating-based temperature probe is presented. The sensor integrates a u-shaped lossless taper thus offering the advantages of a terminal temperature probe free from of strain cross-sensitivity and showing installation flexibility while enabling effective serial multiplexing. The experimental validation of the probe design is reported, being demonstrated lossless operation and effective elimination of strain cross-sensitivity up to 400°C.
transcriptome over development Xenopus tropicalis RNA sequencing reveals diverse and dynamic repertoire of the

P<P Published online September 7, 2012 in advance of the print journal. Preprint Accepted likely to differ from the final, published version. Peer-reviewed and accepted for publication but not copyedited or typeset; preprint is License Commons Creative . http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ described at as a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License), ). After six months, it is available under http://genome.cshlp. org/site/misc/terms.xhtml for the first six months after the full-issue publication date (see This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Review of the TFW Monitoring Program: Watershed-Scale Monitoring Pilot Project (Draft) (Schuett-Hames, 1999)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Forested landscapes in Washington State are managed by a state forest practice management system that includes Washington forest practice rules, Watershed Analyses and landowner landscape plans. One objective of the management system is to protect aquatic resources and the forest practice rules are currently being changed to increase protection. Monitoring at the watershed scale is proposed as an essential requirement to evaluate the effectiveness of the new forest practices. The Center for Streamside Studies initially responded to a Request for Proposals from the TFW Effectiveness Monitoring and Evaluation Program to provide a Conceptual Framework, Design Process and Program Standards for Watershed Effectiveness Monitoring. After initial discussions it was decided that an appropriate initial step was to provide a review of the document entitled "TFW Monitoring Program Watershed-Scale Monitoring Pilot Project" (Schuett-Hames 1999).
Estimation and equalization of fiber-wireless uplink for multiuser CDMA 4G networks

Fiber-wireless (Fi-Wi) access fronts can support 100s of Mb/s envisioned by 4G networks. However, a major issue associated with Fi-Wi links is the nonlinear distortion of the radio-over-fiber (ROF) link coupled with the multipath dispersion of the wireless channel. Estimation and subsequent equalization of the concatenated fiber-wireless channel needs to be done, especially at high bit rates. The uplink is severely affected due to large fluctuations in the radio signal. This paper proposes an estimation and subsequent equalization algorithm for the Fi-Wi CDMA uplink. The estimation employs the properties of pseudo noise (PN) sequences and the equalization uses a novel Hammerstein type decision feedback equalizer (HDFE). The estimation and equalization are performed in the presence of multiple access interference (MAI) and wireless and optical channel noise. The cumulative effects of multiuser interference, multipath dispersion, nonlinear distortion, and noise are all considered in our analysis. Correlation properties of white-noise like PN sequences enable decoupling of the linear (wireless) and nonlinear (optical) channel portions. Furthermore, we propose a unique algorithm to mitigate MAI. Numerical evaluations show a good estimation and equalization of both the linear and nonlinear channels. Bit error rate (BER) simulations show that this algorithm leaves only small residual MAI.
Earnings of Men and Women in Firms with a Female Dominated Workforce: What Drives the Impact of Sex Segregation on Wages?

This study analyzes the relationship between the segregation of women across establishments and the salaries paid to men and women. My aim is to separate the impact the proportion of women working within an establishment has upon individual wages. For this purpose hypotheses are formulated as to what drives this impact: sex-specific preferences, lower qualifications among women or discrimination against women. To investigate this issue empirically, I use matched employer-employee data from Germany. My results indicate that an increasing proportion of women in an establishment reduces wages for males and females in both western and eastern Germany. Furthermore the empirical analysis shows that by successively including worker and establishment characteristics, the number of females in an establishment has a severely detrimental effect upon the salaries paid to both sexes.
Factors involved in the performance of computations on Beowulf clusters.

Beowulf (PC) clusters represent ve platform for large scale scientific computations. In this paper, we discuss the effects of some possible configuration, hardware, and software choices on the communications latency and throughput attainable, and the consequent impact on scalability and performance of codes. We compare performance currently attainable using Gigabit Ethernet with that of Fast Ethernet. We discuss the effects of various versions of the Linux kernel, and approaches to tuning it to improve TCP/IP performance. We comment on the relative performance of LAM, MPICH, and MVICH on a Linux cluster connected by a Gigabit Ethernet network. Since LAM and MPICH use the TCP/IP socket interface for communicating messages, it is critical to have high TCP/IP performance for these to give satisfactory results. Despite many efforts to improve TCP/IP performance, the performance graphs presented here indicate that the overhead incurred in protocol stack processing is still high. We discuss the Virtual Interface Architecture (VIA) which is intended to provide low latency, high bandwidth message-passing between user processes. Developments such as the VIA-based MPI implementation MVICH can improve communication throughput and thus give the promise of enabling distributed applications to improve performance. Finally we present some examples of how these various choices can impact the performance of an example multigrid code.
Efficient human computation: the distributed labeling problem

Collecting large labeled data sets is a laborious and expensive task, whose scaling up requires division of the labeling workload between many teachers. When the number of classes is large, miscorrespondences between the labels given by the different teachers are likely to occur, which, in the extreme case, may reach total inconsistency. In this study we describe how globally consistent labels can be obtained, despite the absence of teacher coordination, and discuss the possible efficiency of this process in terms of human labor. We define a notion of label efficiency, measuring the ratio between the number of globally consistent labels obtained and the number of labels provided by distributed teachers. We show that the efficiency depends critically on the ratio α between the number of data instances seen by a single teacher, and the number of classes. We suggest several algorithms for the distributed labeling problem, and analyze their efficiency as a function of α. In addition, we provide an upper bound on label efficiency for the case of completely uncoordinated teachers, and show that efficiency approaches 0 as the ratio between the number of labels each teacher provides and the number of classes drops (i.e. α → 0).