Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Second-Line Tisagenlecleucel or Standard Care in Aggressive B-Cell Lymphoma.

BACKGROUND Patient outcomes are poor for aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas not responding to or progressing within 12 months after first-line therapy. Tisagenlecleucel is an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy approved for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after at least two treatment lines. METHODS We conducted an international phase 3 trial involving patients with aggressive lymphoma that was refractory to or progressing within 12 months after first-line therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive tisagenlecleucel with optional bridging therapy (tisagenlecleucel group) or salvage chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) (standard-care group). The primary end point was event-free survival, defined as the time from randomization to stable or progressive disease at or after the week 12 assessment or death. Crossover to receive tisagenlecleucel was allowed if a defined event occurred at or after the week 12 assessment. Other end points included response and safety. RESULTS A total of 322 patients underwent randomization. At baseline, the percentage of patients with high-grade lymphomas was higher in the tisagenlecleucel group than in the standard-care group (24.1% vs. 16.9%), as was the percentage with an International Prognostic Index score (range, 0 to 5, with higher scores indicating a worse prognosis) of 2 or higher (65.4% vs. 57.5%). A total of 95.7% of the patients in the tisagenlecleucel group received tisagenlecleucel; 32.5% of the patients in the standard-care group received autologous HSCT. The median time from leukapheresis to tisagenlecleucel infusion was 52 days. A total of 25.9% of the patients in the tisagenlecleucel group had lymphoma progression at week 6, as compared with 13.8% of those in the standard-care group. The median event-free survival in both groups was 3.0 months (hazard ratio for event or death in the tisagenlecleucel group, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.40; P = 0.61). A response occurred in 46.3% of the patients in the tisagenlecleucel group and in 42.5% in the standard-care group. Ten patients in the tisagenlecleucel group and 13 in the standard-care group died from adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Tisagenlecleucel was not superior to standard salvage therapy in this trial. Additional studies are needed to assess which patients may obtain the most benefit from each approach. (Funded by Novartis; BELINDA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03570892.).
An Empirical Study on the Intrinsic Privacy of SGD.

We take the first step towards understanding whether the intrinsic randomness of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) can be leveraged for privacy, for any given dataset and model. In doing so, we hope to mitigate the trade-off between privacy and performance for models trained with differential-privacy (DP) guarantees. Our main contribution is a large-scale empirical analysis of SGD on convex and non-convex objectives, on four datasets. We evaluate the inherent variability in SGD and calculate the intrinsic data-dependent $\epsilon_i(\mathcal{D})$ values due to the inherent noise. We show that the variability in model parameters due to random sampling almost always exceeds that due to changes in the data. We show that the existing theoretical bound on the sensitivity of SGD with convex objectives is not tight. For logistic regression, we observe that SGD provides intrinsic $\epsilon_i(\mathcal{D})$ values between 3.95 and 23.10 across four datasets, dropping to between 1.25 and 4.22 using the tight empirical sensitivity bound. For neural networks, we report high $\epsilon_i(\mathcal{D})$ values (>40) owing to their larger parameter count. Next, we propose a method to augment the intrinsic noise of SGD to achieve the desired target $\epsilon$. Our augmented SGD produces models that outperform existing approaches with the same privacy target, closing the gap to noiseless utility between 0.03% and 36.31% for logistic regression. We further explore the role of the number of steps of SGD, and demonstrate that our estimates are stable. Our experiments provide concrete evidence that changing the seed in SGD has a far greater impact on the model's weights than excluding any given training example. By accounting for this intrinsic randomness - subject to necessary assumptions, we can achieve a consistent and statistically significant improvement in utility, without sacrificing further privacy.
European Journal of Management Issues

Research question. To survive, organizations must have a competitive advantage in order to stay ahead of the competition. Market innovation has remained the driving force behind most market expansions and stability in the turbulent nature of global economies. The research question for the study thus was, “do market innovations influence the competitive advantage of telecommunication companies in Kenya? ” Design/Method/Approach. Using the philosophy of positivism, the study adopted an explanatory research design in testing the hypothesis. The main data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire using both physical conduct and online interactions to return 247 responses from mid and top level managers in a total of 26 active telecommunications companies in Kenya. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS computer application to analyze the data. Findings. The study findings established that innovative distribution channels significantly influenced the competitive advantage of telecommunication companies in Kenya, while advertising and promotions did not have a significant influence. This led to the conclusion that market innovation has a significant influence on the competitive advantage of telecommunication companies in Kenya. Practical implications. The study recommends that telecommunication companies need to form collaborations and partnerships for establishing market distribution channels that have indicated to bring influence onto the competitive advantage of the companies. Other recommendations include a wider coverage of the East African market for the telecommunications sector. The study provides insights into new companies with interest in the region. Originality/Value. From the results, marketing and promotions are not the only major contributing factors in the competitive advantage of telecommunication companies in Kenya; one must consider distribution channels too. Research limitations/Future Research. The study faced limitations on visiting the field during the COVID-19 pandemic period, thus encountering entry restrictions into various premises. All protocols were observed to overcome that obstacle. Some of the telecommunications companies were facing difficulties in operations and hence could not participate.
The Explicit Coding Rate Region of Symmetric Multilevel Diversity Coding

It is well known that superposition coding, namely separately encoding the independent sources, is optimal for symmetric multilevel diversity coding (SMDC) (Yeung-Zhang 1999). However, the characterization of the coding rate region therein involves uncountably many linear inequalities and the constant term (i.e., the lower bound) in each inequality is given in terms of the solution of a linear optimization problem. Thus this implicit characterization of the coding rate region does not enable the determination of the achievability of a given rate tuple. In this paper, we first obtain closed-form expressions of these uncountably many inequalities. Then we identify a finite subset of inequalities that is sufficient for characterizing the coding rate region. This gives an explicit characterization of the coding rate region. We further show by the symmetry of the problem that only a much smaller subset of this finite set of inequalities needs to be verified in determining the achievability of a given rate tuple. Yet, the cardinality of this smaller set grows at least exponentially fast with $L$.
Crack cocaine: an increase in use among patients attending clinics in São Paulo: 1990-1993.

Unsubstantiated reports suggest that the availability and use of crack are increasing in São Paulo. To investigate this claim we used the databases from two outpatient clinics for drug users at a public hospital and examined the changes in the reported routes of administration of cocaine among 245 patients who had attended between 1990 and 1993. The proportion reporting crack use increased from 17% in 1990 to 64% in 1993 (p < .01). It does not seem that this increase was simply due to changes in demographic variables. Treatment policies need to be reviewed and HIV harm-reduction programs should focus more on the risks of sexual transmission.
Impact of Magnetic Water Irrigation for Improve Growth Parameters of Two Onion Cultivars Allium cepa L.

A field experiment was carried out during 2015-2016 in the Bqubah nursery that belongs to Directorate of Diyala agriculture to study the effect of magnetized irrigation water on growth parameters of two onion cultivars viz. Texas early white 1012 and Texas munerva 1013. The experimental design was split plot with four replications. Results were revealed that significant differences between Texas early white 1012 and Texas munerva 1013, magnetic and non magnetic water and also interaction of two varieties x magnetic and non magnetic water in all tested growth parameters. Texas munerva 1013 was surpassed on Texas early white 1012 and magnetic water was surpassed on non magnetic water in all studied growth parameters such as bulb diameter , Bulb height , Bulb weight without leaves , Number of green leaves and Weight of green leaves. Keywords: Onion, Texas early white 1012, Texas munerva 1013 and magnetic water
Hitting minors on bounded treewidth graphs.

For a fixed collection of graphs ${\cal F}$, the ${\cal F}$-M-Deletion problem consists in, given a graph $G$ and an integer $k$, decide whether there exists $S \subseteq V(G)$ with $|S| \leq k$ such that $G \setminus S$ does not contain any of the graphs in ${\cal F}$ as a minor. We are interested in its parameterized complexity when the parameter is the treewidth of $G$, denoted by $tw$. Our objective is to determine, for a fixed ${\cal F}$, the smallest function $f_{{\cal F}}$ such that ${\cal F}$-M-Deletion can be solved in time $f_{{\cal F}}(tw) \cdot n^{O(1)}$ on $n$-vertex graphs. We prove that $f_{{\cal F}}(tw)=2^{2^{O(tw\log tw)}}$ for every collection ${\cal F}$, that $f_{{\cal F}}(tw)=2^{O(tw\log tw)}$ if all the graphs in ${\cal F}$ are connected and at least one of them is planar, and that $f_{{\cal F}}(tw)=2^{O(tw)}$ if in addition the input graph $G$ is planar or embedded in a surface. When ${\cal F}$ contains a single connected planar graph $H$, we obtain a tight dichotomy about the asymptotic complexity of $\{H\}$-M-Deletion. Namely, we prove that $f_{\{H\}}(tw)=2^{\Theta(tw)}$ if $H$ is a minor of the banner (that is, the graph consisting of a $C_4$ plus a pendent edge) that is different from $P_5$, and that $f_{\{H\}}(tw)=2^{\Theta(tw\log tw)}$ otherwise. All the lower bounds hold under the ETH. We also consider the version of the problem where the graphs in ${\cal F}$ are forbidden as topological minors, and prove similar results, except that, in the algorithms, instead of requiring ${\cal F}$ to contain a planar graph, we need it to contain a subcubic planar graph. We also prove that, for this problem, $f_{\{K_{1,i}\}}(tw)=2^{\Theta(tw)}$ for every $i \geq 1$, while for the minor version it holds that $f_{\{K_{1,i}\}}(tw)=2^{\Theta(tw\log tw)}$ for every $i \geq 4$.
Stabilization of a magnetic island by localized heating in a tokamak with stiff temperature profile

In tokamaks plasmas, turbulent transport is triggered above a threshold in the temperature gradient and leads to stiff profiles. This particularity, neglected so far in the problem of magnetic island stabilization by a localized heat source, is investigated analytically in this paper. We show that the efficiency of the stabilization is deeply modified compared to the previous estimates due to the strong dependence of the turbulence level on the additional heat source amplitude inside the island.
Duloxetine for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a review

: Approximately 16 million people in the United States suffer from anxiety disorders alone, while another 12 million experience both anxiety and at least one other psychiatric condition. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has lifetime prevalence rates between 5% and 6%. Treatment of GAD is aimed primarily at symptom reduction. Duloxetine, a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of GAD in 2007. This article reviews the pharmacologic proﬁ le and seminal clinical trials associated with the FDA indication of duloxetine for GAD. A literature search performed using PubMed with the keywords “duloxetine”, “gad”, “generalized anxiety disorder”, and “venlafaxine XR” yielded 27 articles. We also focused on papers that pooled data from these seminal studies. Data on ﬁ le from Eli Lilly were also reviewed, including data from the Eli Lilly website. Based on this search, duloxetine was found to be an FDA-approved treatment option for GAD that has been studied in several double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. This review of duloxetine will help physicians to interpret clinical studies properly and also help them to make an informed decision about which patients are the most appropriate candidates for a trial of duloxetine.
Duality of orthogonal and symplectic random tensor models

The groups $O(N)$ and $Sp(N)$ are related by an analytic continuation to negative values of $N$, $O(-N)\simeq Sp(N)$. This duality has been studied for vector models, $SO(N)$ and $Sp(N)$ gauge theories, as well as some random matrix ensembles. We extend this duality to real random tensor models of arbitrary order $D$ with no symmetry under permutation of the indices and with quartic interactions. The $N$ to $-N$ duality is shown to hold graph by graph to all orders in perturbation theory for the partition function, the free energy and the connected two point function.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Differential diagnosis in the memory clinic : Exploring the value of improved neuropsychological examination

Validation studies of symptom validity tests (SVTs) in children are uncommon. However, since children’s cognitive abilities are not yet fully developed, their performance may provide additional support for the validity of these measures in adult populations. Four SVTs, the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM), the Word Memory Test (WMT), the Amsterdam Short Term Memory (ASTM) test and the Word Completion Memory Test (WCMT), along with several neuropsychological instruments were administered to 48 Dutch school children aged 7 to 12. All children scored above the established adult cut-offs on the TOMM and the WMT. They could pass the ASTM test if their reading skills were at a level equivalent to that of 9 year olds. All children passed our criterion of a negative WCMT score. However, the WCMT does seem sensitive to level of verbal fluency. Implications for the applicability of these SVTs in adult populations are discussed. Anne_brains_proefschrift_2_corr_NOBASE_2. indd 34 24-11-14 14:38 35 Exploring the value of improved neuropsychological examination
A gradient approach to efficient design and analysis of multivariate EWMA control charts

ABSTRACT Compared to the grid search approach to optimal design of control charts, the gradient-based approach is more computationally efficient as the gradient information indicates the direction to search the optimal design parameters. However, the optimal parameters of multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) control charts are often obtained by using grid search in the existing literature. Note that the average run length (ARL) performance of the MEWMA chart can be calculated based on a Markov chain model, making it feasible to estimate the ARL gradient from it. Motivated by this, this paper develops an ARL gradient-based approach for the optimal design and sensitivity analysis of MEWMA control charts. It is shown that the proposed method is able to provide a fast, accurate, and easy-to-implement algorithm for the design and analysis of MEWMA charts, as compared to the conventional design approach based on grid search.
Study of near SOL decay lengths in ASDEX Upgrade under attached and detached divertor conditions

A database with attached, partially detached and completely detached divertors has been constructed in ASDEX Upgrade discharges in both H-mode and L-mode plasmas with Thomson Scattering data suitable for the analysis of the upstream SOL electron profiles. By comparing upstream temperature decay width, λ T e , u , with the scaling of the SOL power decay width, λ q ∥ e , based on the downstream IR measurements, it is found that a simple relation based on classical electron conduction can relate λ T e , u and λ q ∥ e well. The combined dataset can be described by both a single scaling and a separate scaling for H-modes and L-modes. For the single scaling, a strong inverse dependence of, λ T e , u on the separatrix temperature, T e , u , is found, suggesting the classical parallel Spitzer–Harm conductivity as dominant mechanism controlling the SOL width in both L-mode and H-mode over a large set of plasma parameters. This dependence on T e , u explains why, for the same global plasma parameters, λ q ∥ e in L-mode is approximately twice that in H-mode and under detached conditions, the SOL upstream electron profile broadens when the density reaches a critical value. Comparing the derived scaling from experimental data with power balance, gives the cross-field thermal diffusivity as χ ⊥ ∝ T e 1/2 / n e , consistent with earlier studies on Compass-D, JET and Alcator C-Mod. However, the possibility of the separate scalings for different regimes cannot be excluded, which gives results similar to those previously reported for the H-mode, but here the wider SOL width for L-mode plasmas is explained simply by the larger premultiplying coefficient. The relative merits of the two scalings in representing the data and their theoretical implications are discussed.
Thermal Calculation of Ground Contact Structures: New Methods Based on Parametrized Transient Finite Element Thermal Modeling

The heat loss at ground contact structures is taken into consideration in building heat loss calculations. However, it implies uncertainties due to the physical properties of the soil as well as the building structure. In this paper, new methods are introduced for calculating the heat loss at ground contact structures. Firstly, it examines the presently used and general calculation methods and their shortcomings. Then a simple-to-use method based on thousands of results of parametrized transient finite element thermal models is shown. In this research, the calculations take the middle-eastern European climate conditions, geothermal gradient and soil properties as well as the relevant harmonized EU standards into account. The equivalent linear heat transfer coefficients, which in this method also contain the effects of thermal bridges, occurring in various conditions are summarized in a table and can be calculated by new formulae also shown in the paper using condition-dependent constants, the ground floor’s heat transfer coefficient and the length between the floor and ground level.
Observations and Simulations of the Mesoscale Environment in TOMACS Urban Heavy Rain Events

During the intensive observation period (IOP) of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area Convection Study for Extreme Weather Resilient Cities (TOMACS) in the summer months of 2011 – 2013, the atmospheric environment of several heavy rainfalls was observed by radiosonde soundings in the Tokyo metropolitan area. We investigated the formation and development processes of an extremely developed thunderstorm (Case 1 on August 26, 2011) and a moderately developed thunderstorm (Case 2 on July 18, 2013) during the TOMACS IOP by utilizing radiosonde sounding data. Compared with Case 2, Case 1 featured a lower level of free convection and a deeper layer of easterly flow in the mesoscale environment of the severe storm. We performed numerical simulations to investigate the formation processes of the convective systems in the two cases by using the nonhydrostatic model of the Japan Meteorological Agency incorporating the square prism urban canopy scheme. Model results fairly represented the spatial distribution and amounts of the rainfall in both cases. In Case 1, the formation of a distinct convergence zone between easterly and southerly flows was the likely trigger of active convective systems around Tokyo. To further examine the urban impact on precipitation, we performed two comparative simulations: one using realistic current urban surface conditions (CRNT experiment) and the other using less-urbanized surface conditions (LURB experiment). The CRNT experiment yielded more rainfall than the LURB experiment in the central urban area. It appears that the higher temperatures caused by urbanization can lead to increased rainfall in Tokyo by intensifying convergence and ascending motion.
Magnetohydrodynamic turbulent flows for viscous incompressible fluids through the lenses of harmonic analysis

This thesis is divided into three main parts devoted to the study of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) turbulence flows. Part I consists of introduction and background (or preliminary) materials which were crucially important in the process. The main body of the thesis is included in parts II and III. In Part II, new regularity results for stochastic heat equations in probabilistic evolution spaces of Besov type are established, which in turn were used to establish global and local in time existence and uniqueness results for stochastic MHD equations. The existence result holds with positive probability which can be made arbitrarily close to one. The work is carried out by blending harmonic analysis tools, such as Littlewood-Paley decomposition, Jean-Micheal Bony paradifferential calculus and stochastic calculus. Our global existence result is new in three-dimensional spaces and is published in [148](Sango and Tegegn, Harmonic analysis tools for stochastic magnetohydrodynamics equations in Besov spaces, International Journal of Modern Physics B, World Scientific, 2016, 30). Our results in this part are novel; they introduced Littlewood-Paley theory and paradifferential calculus for stochastic partial differential equation. In Part III, we studied Kolmogorov’s spectral theory for MHD equations with reasonably smooth external forces applied to both velocity and magnetic fields. It was © University of Pretoria vi shown that, the spectral energy function of our MHD system, given by E(k, t) = ∫ |ξ|=k (|û(ξ, t)| + |b̂(ξ, t|)dS(ξ), k ∈ [0,∞), satisfies the Kolmogorov’s 5/3 law over a range of wave numbers, say [k̄1, k̄2]. We have also established bounds for the spectral energy function, explicitly calculated value for the inertial range, minimum possible rate of dissipation and maximum possible time so that the MHD flow exhibits Kolmogorov’s phenomenon. These results are new in the framework of magnetohydrodynamic turbulent flows. © University of Pretoria