Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Giant and Tunable Out-of-Plane Spin Polarization of Topological Antimonene

Topological insulators are bulk insulators with metallic and fully spin-polarized surface states displaying Dirac-like band dispersion. Due to spin-momentum locking, these topological surface states (TSSs) have a predominant in-plane spin polarization in the bulk fundamental gap. Here, we show by spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy that the TSS of a topological insulator interfaced with an antimonene bilayer exhibits nearly full out-of-plane spin polarization within the substrate gap. We connect this phenomenon to a symmetry-protected band crossing of the spin-polarized surface states. The nearly full out-of-plane spin polarization of the TSS occurs along a continuous path in the energy–momentum space, and the spin polarization within the gap can be reversibly tuned from nearly full out-of-plane to nearly full in-plane by electron doping. These findings pave the way to advanced spintronics applications that exploit the giant out-of-plane spin polarization of TSSs.
Outcomes of robotic sacrocolpopexy

This review aimed to summarize the complications and surgical outcomes of robot-assisted sacrocolpopexy. Nineteen original articles on 1,440 robotic sacrocolpopexies were reviewed, and three systematic reviews and meta-analyses were summarized in terms of intraoperative, perioperative, postoperative, and/or surgical outcomes. Robotic sacrocolpopexy has demonstrated low overall complication rates and favorable surgical outcomes. Nevertheless, long-term follow-up outcomes regarding objective and/or subjective prolapse recurrence, reoperation rates, and mesh-related complications remain unclear. Further research is required to demonstrate whether the robotic approach for sacrocolpopexy is feasible or can become the modality of choice in the future when performing sacrocolpopexy.
Extending the 3D range of a short-wave infrared laser-gated viewing system capable of correlated double sampling

Primarily, a laser gated-viewing (GV) system provides range-gated 2D images without any range resolution within the range gate. By combining two GV images with appropriately overlapping range gates, 3D information within a part of these range gates can be obtained. The depth resolution is higher (super-resolution) than the minimal gate shift step size in a tomographic sequence of the scene. For a state-of-the-art system with a typical frame rate of 30 Hz, the time difference between the two required GV images is approximately 33 ms which may be too long in a dynamic scenario with fast moving objects. Therefore, in a previous work, we have applied this approach to the reset and signal level images of a short-wave infrared laser GV camera whose read-out integrated circuit is capable of correlated double sampling originally designed for the reduction of kTC noise (reset noise). This camera consists of a 640 x 512 avalanche photodiode focal plane array based on mercury cadmium telluride with a pixel pitch of 15 μm. The great advantage of this idea is the fact that these images are extracted from only one single laser pulse with a marginal time difference in between. This allows 3D imaging of fast moving objects. However, a drawback of this method is the very limited 3D range in which 3D reconstruction is possible. In this paper, we describe and discuss two measures to extend the 3D range. First, refining the algorithm for 3D reconstruction is investigated, particularly using a quadratic model instead of a linear model as in previous work. Second, we use an illumination laser with longer pulse duration than before to study the influence of laser pulse length on 3D range in real experiments. Based on these measured data, we simulate further temporal stretching of the laser pulse, to evaluate the potential of this approach to extend the 3D range.
New insights into the interaction between polycystic ovary syndrome and psychiatric disorders: A narrative review

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disease characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and ovarian polycystic changes, which combines with reproductive problems, metabolic disorders, and psychological disorders to exhibit a far‐reaching impact on the physical and mental health of women. We reviewed previous research and discovered that psychiatric disorders are more common in PCOS patients and their children, potentially exacerbating the condition and creating a vicious loop. To understand the reasons, relevant articles were collected following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines from PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, through December 2022. Evidence suggested that PCOS‐related clinical manifestations, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, obesity, gut dysbiosis, and other variables may increase the risk of psychiatric disorders in patients. In turn, psychiatric disorders may aggravate the pathologic process of PCOS and increase the difficulty of the treatment. We systematically reported the mechanisms underlying the psychiatric disorders‐PCOS interactions, intending to provide potential ways to break the vicious cycle and lay the groundwork for future research. However, research on PCOS and psychiatric disorders were still in initial stages, which limited the scope of this review. More studies are needed to further verify our findings.
Effects of NGS-based PGT-a for idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss and implantation failure: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract To clarify the effect of next-generation sequencing (NGS)–based preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) combined with trophectoderm (TE) biopsy on the pregnancy outcomes of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (iRPL) and idiopathic recurrent implantation failure (iRIF), we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 212 iRPL couples and 66 iRIF couples who underwent PGT-A or conventional in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) treatment. The implantation rate (IR) per transfer (64.2%), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) per transfer (57.5%), and live birth rate (LBR) per transfer (45%) of iRPL couples of the PGT-A treatment group were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of the conventional IVF/ICSI group (IR per transfer,38.2%; CPR per transfer,33.3%; LBR per transfer, 28.4%), whereas the pregnancy loss rate (PLR) per transfer was similar between the two groups. These effects were also significant (p < 0.05) in iRPL couples with advanced maternal age (AMA, ≥35 years), whereas no significant differences were found in clinical outcomes between the PGT-A and conventional IVF/ICSI groups in younger iRPL couples (<35 years). The cumulative clinical outcomes of iRPL couples were comparable between the PGT-A and conventional IVF/ICSI groups. No significant differences were found in any clinical outcomes between the PGT-A and conventional IVF/ICSI groups for young or AMA couples with iRIF. In conclusion, NGS-based PGT-A involving TE biopsy may be useful for iRPL women to shorten the time to pregnancy and reduce their physical and psychological burden, especially for iRPL women with AMA; however, couples with iRIF may not benefit from PGT-A treatment. Considering the small sample size of the iRIF group, further investigations with a larger sample size are needed to verify our findings.
Particle‐in‐cell modeling of spacecraft‐plasma interaction effects on double‐probe electric field measurements

The double‐probe technique, commonly used for electric field measurements in magnetospheric plasmas, is susceptible to environmental perturbations caused by spacecraft‐plasma interactions. To better model the interactions, we have extended the existing particle‐in‐cell simulation technique so that it accepts very small spacecraft structures, such as thin wire booms, by incorporating an accurate potential field solution calculated based on the boundary element method. This immersed boundary element approach is effective for quantifying the impact of geometrically small but electrically large spacecraft elements on the formation of sheaths or wakes. The developed model is applied to the wake environment near a Cluster satellite for three distinctive plasma conditions: the solar wind, the tail lobe, and just outside the plasmapause. The simulations predict the magnitudes and waveforms of wake‐derived spurious electric fields, and these are in good agreement with in situ observations. The results also reveal the detailed structure of potential around the double probes. It shows that any probes hardly experience a negative wake potential in their orbit, and instead, they experience an unbalanced drop rate of a large potential hill that is created by the spacecraft and boom bodies. As a by‐product of the simulations, we also found a photoelectron short‐circuiting effect that is analogous to the well‐known short‐circuiting effect due to the booms of a double‐probe instrument. The effect is sustained by asymmetric photoelectron distributions that cancel out the external electric field.
Impact of postoperative complications on long-term survival in bladder cancer patients

Abstract Objective To determine the impact of postoperative complications on long-term survival outcomes in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy. Methods This retrospective multi-institutional study included 766 bladder cancer patients who underwent radical cystectomy between 2011 and 2017. Patient characteristics, perioperative outcomes, all complications within 90 days after surgery and survival outcomes were collected. Each complication was graded based on the Clavien-Dindo system, and grouped using a standardized grouping method. The Comprehensive Complication Index, which incorporates all complications into a single formula weighted by their severity, was utilized. Overall survival and recurrence-free survival (local, distant or urothelial recurrences) were stratified by Comprehensive Complication Index (high: ≥26.2; low: <26.2). A multivariate model was utilized to identify independent prognostic factors. Results The incidence of any and major complications (≥Clavien-Dindo grade III) was 70 and 24%, respectively. In terms of Comprehensive Complication Index, 34% (261/766) of the patients had ≥26.2. Patients with Comprehensive Complication Index ≥ 26.2 had shorter overall survival (4-year, 59.5 vs. 69.8%, respectively, log-rank test, P = 0.0037) and recurrence free survival (51.9 vs. 60.1%, respectively, P = 0.0234), than those with Comprehensive Complication Index < 26.2. The Cox multivariate model identified the age, performance status, pT-stage, pN-stage and higher CCI (overall survival: HR = 1.35, P = 0.0174, recurrence-free survival: HR = 1.26, P = 0.0443) as independent predictors of both overall survivial and recurrence-free survival. Conclusions Postoperative complications assessed by Comprehensive Complication Index had adverse effects on long-term survival outcomes. Physicians should be aware that major postoperative complications can adversely affect long-term disease control.
Magnetic properties of epitaxial CoCr films with depth-dependent exchange-coupling profiles

We present a study of the compositional and temperature-dependent magnetic properties of epitaxial CoCr thin ﬁlmswhosecompositionhasabathtublikedepthproﬁleCo / Co 1 → 1- x c Cr 0 → x c / Co 1- x c Cr x c / Co 1- x c → 1 Cr x c → 0 / Cowith the highest Cr concentration ( x c ) at the center of the sample. Polarized neutron reﬂectometry (PNR) shows that the effective Curie temperature varies as a function of depth and exhibits a minimum in the center of the structure. Correspondingly, we observe that the effective coupling between the two outer Co layers is strongly dependent on the magnetization of the graded CoCr spacer and can be continuously tuned via x c and temperature T . In particular, for x c = 0 . 28, magnetometry reveals a transition from one-step to two-step reversal behavior for temperatures T > 260 K, indicating a transition from a fully correlated magnetic ﬁlm structure to an uncoupled system contain-ing effectively two independent magnetic sublayers. Corroborating evidence of the temperature-dependent coupling of the top and bottom regions for x c = 0 . 28 was revealed by PNR, which demonstrated the ﬁeld-dependent occurrence of antiparallel magnetization alignment on opposite interfaces at sufﬁciently high temperatures only.
Shrinkage estimator of regression model under asymmetric loss

ABSTRACT This article investigates the performance of the shrinkage estimator (SE) of the parameters of a simple linear regression model under the LINEX loss criterion. The risk function of the estimator under the asymmetric LINEX loss is derived and analyzed. The moment-generating functions and the first two moments of the estimators are also obtained. The risks of the SE have been compared numerically with that of pre-test and least-square estimators (LSEs) under the LINEX loss criterion. The numerical comparison reveals that under certain conditions the LSE is inadmissible, and the SE is the best among the three estimators.
The latent reservoir of inducible, infectious HIV-1 does not decrease despite decades of antiretroviral therapy

HIV-1 persists in a latent reservoir in resting CD4+ T cells despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). The reservoir decays slowly over the first 7 years of ART (t1/2 = 44 months). However, whether decay continues with long-term ART is unclear. Recent integration site studies indicate gradual selection against inducible, intact proviruses, raising speculation that decades of ART might allow treatment interruption without viral rebound. Therefore, we measured the reservoir in 42 people on long-term ART (mean 22 years) using a quantitative viral outgrowth assay. After 7 years of ART, there was no long-term decrease in the frequency of inducible, replication-competent proviruses but rather an increase with an estimated doubling time of 23 years. Another reservoir assay, the intact proviral DNA assay, confirmed that reservoir decay with t1/2 of 44 months did not continue with long-term ART. The lack of decay reflected proliferation of infected cells. Most inducible, replication-competent viruses (79.8%) had env sequences identical to those of other isolates from the same sample. Thus, although integration site analysis indicates changes in reservoir composition, the proliferation of CD4+ T cells counteracts decay, maintaining the frequency of inducible, replication-competent proviruses at roughly constant levels over the long term. These results reinforce the need for lifelong ART.
Mapping tissue microstructure across the human brain on a clinical scanner with soma and neurite density image metrics

Soma and neurite density image (SANDI) is an advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging biophysical signal model devised to probe in vivo microstructural information in the gray matter (GM). This model requires acquisitions that include b values that are at least six times higher than those used in clinical practice. Such high b values are required to disentangle the signal contribution of water diffusing in soma from that diffusing in neurites and extracellular space, while keeping the diffusion time as short as possible to minimize potential bias due to water exchange. These requirements have limited the use of SANDI only to preclinical or cutting‐edge human scanners. Here, we investigate the potential impact of neglecting water exchange in the SANDI model and present a 10‐min acquisition protocol that enables to characterize both GM and white matter (WM) on 3 T scanners. We implemented analytical simulations to (i) evaluate the stability of the fitting of SANDI parameters when diminishing the number of shells; (ii) estimate the bias due to potential exchange between neurites and extracellular space in such reduced acquisition scheme, comparing it with the bias due to experimental noise. Then, we demonstrated the feasibility and assessed the repeatability and reproducibility of our approach by computing microstructural metrics of SANDI with AMICO toolbox and other state‐of‐the‐art models on five healthy subjects. Finally, we applied our protocol to five multiple sclerosis patients. Results suggest that SANDI is a practical method to characterize WM and GM tissues in vivo on performant clinical scanners.
Experimental Investigation of a Normally Impinging Planar Jet

Impinging jets are commonly employed in engineering applications, such as cooling and drying processes, requiring relatively high local transport properties. Flow development of a planar impinging jet and the effect of varying jet parameters are investigated experimentally in a jet facility that is specifically designed, fabricated, and characterized as part of the current study. The velocity field is measured using time-resolved, planar, two-component Particle Image Velocimetry. The investigation focuses on two jet parameters: Reynolds number and nozzle-to-plate spacing. Four test cases are investigated, including two Reynolds numbers 3000 and 6000, and two nozzle-to-plate spacings, 2B and 4B, where B is the jet width. Primary vortices form in the shear layer just downstream of the nozzle exit due to amplification of disturbances through the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. Vortex shedding exhibits higher periodicity with increasing Reynolds number but is not significantly affected by changes to the nozzle-to-plate spacing. Further, vortex shedding location shifts upstream with increasing Reynolds number. The Strouhal number based on vortex shedding frequency varies between 0.4 ≤ StB ≤ 0.5 and the vortices are convected downstream at an average convective velocity of 57% of the jet centerline velocity for all cases examined. For ReB = 6000, the characteristic wavelength of the primary vortices is 1.1B for both nozzleto-plate spacings. At the lower Reynolds number, the wavelengths increase to approximately 1.3B and 1.5B, for nozzle-to-plate spacings of 2B and 4B, respectively. Local deceleration of primary vortices, due to the impinging surface, causes consecutively shed vortices to merge, with vortex merging observed in all cases investigated. As the primary vortices pass in the outer shear layer of the wall jet region, secondary vortices of opposingly signed vorticity form due to roll-up of the wall bound vorticity in the inner shear layer. The secondary vortex shedding is marked by amplification of the surface normal velocity fluctuations in the inner shear layer when x/B > 3. The secondary vortex shedding shows a lower periodicity compared to the primary vortices but in general have convective velocities that are larger than that of the primary vortices. As the Reynolds number is increased, the secondary vortex formation is suppressed, and, as a result, the wall jet develops more parallel to the impinging surface. With increasing Reynolds number, the convective velocities of the secondary vortices also decrease. In all cases, pairing between a primary and secondary vortex is observed and the paired vortices are convected in the streamwise direction away from the surface. At the higher Reynolds number, the pairing is immediately followed by vortex breakdown.
Fatigue life estimation of dental implants using a combination of the finite element method and traditional fatigue criteria

Failure by fatigue can be sudden and catastrophic. Therefore, ensuring that dental implants, which are under constant cyclic loading, do not fail to fatigue is imperative. The majority of the studies about the topic only performed in vitro tests, which are expensive and time-consuming. The Finite Element (FE) method is less costly and it allows the simulation of several different loading scenarios. Nonetheless, there are only a few studies analysing fatigue in dental prostheses using FE models, and the few available did not include all the relevant parameters, such as geometry effect, surface finishing, etc. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the fatigue behaviour of a single-unit dental implant with two screws using a combination of the numerical results and the traditional fatigue criteria – a combination that was not yet fully and correctly explored. A finite element model comprising a single implant, one abutment, one abutment screw, one fixation screw and one prosthetic crown was developed. Material properties were assigned based on literature data. A 100 N load was applied to mimic the mastication forces and fatigue analysis was conducted using the Gerber, Goodman and Soderberg fatigue criteria. The fatigue analysis demonstrated that the abutment screw could fail in less than 1 year, depending on the criteria, while the fixation screw exhibits an infinite life. The results illustrated the importance of analysing the fatigue behaviour of dental implants and highlighted the potential of finite element models to simulate the biomechanical behaviour of dental implants.
Implementation of routine genomic surveillance provided insights into a locally acquired outbreak caused by a rare clade of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in Queensland, Australia

Salmonellosis is a significant public health problem globally. In Australia, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of the main causes of salmonellosis. This study reports how the implementation of routine genetic surveillance of isolates from human S. Enteritidis cases enabled identification of the likely source of an outbreak that occurred in a remote town in Far North Queensland, Australia. This study included patient, food and water samples collected during an outbreak investigation. S. Enteritidis of the novel sequence type 5438 was isolated from all seven patient samples and one bore water sample but not any of the food samples. Both whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and core-genome multilocus sequence typing analysis revealed that S. Enteritidis isolated from outbreak-related patient samples and the bore water isolates clustered together with fewer than five SNP differences and ten allelic differences. This genetic relatedness informed the outbreak response team around public health interventions and no further cases were identified post-treatment of the bore water. This disease cluster was identified through the routine sequencing of S. Enteritidis performed by the state public health laboratory in an actionable time frame. Additionally, genomic surveillance captured a case with unknown epidemiological links to the affected community, ruled out a simultaneous outbreak in an adjacent state as the source and provided evidence for the likely source preventing further transmission. Therefore, this report provides compelling support for the implementation of whole-genome sequencing based genotyping methods in public health microbiology laboratories for better outbreak detection and management.