Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contextual analysis of determinants of late diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection in Medicare patients

Patient‐ and county‐level characteristics associated with advanced liver disease (ALD) at hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnosis were examined in three Medicare cohorts: (1) elderly born before 1945; (2) disabled born 1945‐1965; and (3) disabled born after 1965. We used Medicare claims (2006‐2009) linked to the Area Health Resource Files. ALD was measured over the period of 6 months before to 3 months after diagnosis. Using weighted multivariate modified Poisson regression to address generalizability of findings to all Medicare patients, we modeled the association between contextual characteristics and presence of ALD at HCV diagnosis. We identified 1,746, 3,351, and 592 patients with ALD prevalence of 28.0%, 23.0%, and 15.0% for birth cohorts 1, 2, and 3. Prevalence of drug abuse increased among younger birth cohorts (4.2%, 22.6%, and 35.6%, respectively). Human immunodeficiency virus coinfection (prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50‐0.80; P = 0.001), dual Medicare/Medicaid eligibility (PR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.80‐0.98; P = 0.017), residence in counties with higher median household income (PR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71‐0.95; P = 0.008), higher density of primary care providers (PR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.73‐0.98; P = 0.022), and more rural health clinics (PR = 0.90; 0.81‐1.01; P = 0.081) were associated with lower ALD risk. End‐stage renal disease (PR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.21‐1.63; P = 0.001), alcohol abuse (PR = 2.57; 95% CI: 2.33‐2.84; P = 0.001), hepatitis B virus (PR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.09‐1.59; P = 0.004), and Midwest residence (PR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.05‐1.41; P = 0.010) were associated with higher ALD risk. Living in rural counties with high screening capacity was protective in the elderly, but associated with higher ALD risk among the disabled born 1945‐1965. Conclusions: ALD prevalence patterns were complex and were modified by race, elderly/disability status, and the extent of health care access and screening capacity in the county of residence. These study results help inform treatment strategies for HCV in the context of coordinated models of care. (Hepatology 2015;62:68‐78)
Epidemic study on Chinese dyslexic children

Objective:Disclose the epidemic characteristics of Chinese dyslexic children,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of this disorder.Methods:There were 1 200 children from four primary schools in Wuhan in Grades 3 to 5, with an average age of 41 years.They were randomly selected in this research.The dyslexic children were diagnosed according to ICD-10 criteria.Results:The prevalence rate of dyslexia was 6.30%. The prevalence rate of boys was higher than that of girls(P0.01). Family environments (parents' occupation and nurture-ways) and children's own factors had influences on dyslexia.Conclusion:The number of Chinese dyslexic children is not low and should attract the attention of parents and educators. The interventions and therapies of dyslexics need whole efforts not only from their families,but also from the schools and society.
On Terrorism and Electoral Outcomes: Theory and Evidence from the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

This paper investigates the interaction between terrorist attacks and electoral outcomes in Israel. We analyze a dynamic model of reputation that captures the salient characteristics of this conflict. The equilibrium of the theoretical model generates two precise empirical predictions on the interaction between terrorism and electoral outcomes. First, we expect that the relative support for the rightist party increases after periods with high levels of terrorism and decreases after relatively calm periods. Second, the expected level of terrorism is higher during the leftist party's tenure in office compared to the one expected during the rightist party s term in office. We test the hypotheses above using a newly culled data set on terrorist attacks in Israel and the occupied territories between 1990 and 2003. The first hypothesis is strongly supported by the available data obtained from public opinion polls on the Israeli electorate s intent of voting. We use event study methods and likelihood ratio tests to evaluate the second hypothesis, as electoral outcomes are endogenous to the level of terrorist attacks. The results support our theoretical prediction for three of the four Israeli governments in the studied time period. Accordingly, we observe an increase in terrorist attacks during leftist governments and a decrease in terrorist attacks during rightist governments.
Self-care and clinical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objetivo: verificar caracteristicas relacionadas ao autocuidado e aos parâmetros clinicos em pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Metodos: estudo descritivo-exploratorio, de corte transversal, realizado com 173 pacientes assistidos em 12 unidades de saude da familia da zona urbana de uma cidade da regiao nordeste do Brasil. Resultados: a maioria (61,3%) era mulher, na faixa etaria igual ou superior a 60 anos. Verificaram-se diferencas significativas quanto ao menor controle glicemico (p = 0,014), valores de glicemia capilar (p = 0,018) e uso de bebidas alcoolicas (p = 0,015) para homens, bem como maiores indices de obesidade central para mulheres (p = 0,000). Foram verificadas altas frequencias de excesso de peso, obesidade abdominal, pressao arterial elevada, glicemia elevada e niveis insuficientes de atividade fisica. Conclusao: destaca-se a necessidade de acoes da enfermagem voltadas para melhoria do autocuidado e controle dos parâmetros clinicos nesses pacientes.
Exchange Rate Regimes and Tourism

The main objective of this paper is to analyse the effect of exchange rate arrangements on international tourism. The ambiguity in the literature about the effect of exchange rate volatility contrasts with the magnitude of the impact of a common currency on trade. The authors apply panel data techniques to analyse the relevance of a common currency to tourism, finding that it is a major factor in the determination of tourist arrivals. They also analyse the impact of several de facto exchange rate arrangements on tourism, finding that less flexible exchange rates promote tourism.
Transitional Dynamics of Dividend and Capital Gains Tax Cuts

In this appendix, we present the details of the extended model with debt in our paper "Transitional Dynamics of Dividend and Capital Gains Tax Cuts. " Section 1 presents the extended model and results. Section 2 presents the numerical algorithm to solve this model. Section 3 presents an extensiongure for the simulation conducted in Section 3 of our original paper.additional
&Apos;Risky Habits&Apos; and the Marginal Propensity to Consume Out of Permanent Income, or, How Much Would a Permanent Tax Cut Boost Japanese Consumption?

Some analysts of the current Japanese economic stagnation have argued that permanent tax cuts might be a poor tool for boosting aggregate demand, because precautionary motives would cause consumers to save most or all of any such tax cut. However, the standard theoretical model of precautionary saving provides little support for the idea that permanent tax cuts would be saved rather than spent (Carroll (1999)). On the other hand, there is good reason to question whether the predictions of this model should be taken seriously, because the model is unable to explain the most interesting and important fact about Japanese saving behavior: the astonishing increase in the saving rate over the period 1950-1980. This paper therefore examines an alternative model which modifies the traditional framework by allowing for the possibility that consumption behavior is importantly influenced by habits. Confirming earlier results from a simpler model without labor income or uncertainty, this paper shows that under some parametric configurations the model with habits can explain the increase in the Japanese saving rate over time. Furthermore, under the same parametric assumptions that are consistent with the saving rise, the model predicts that the marginal propensity to consume out of permanent income shocks is small. Thus, the model provides some support for the proposition that permanent tax cuts would mostly be saved, although the reason has more to do with habit formation than with precautionary motives.
Informational Holdup and Performance Persistence in Venture Capital

Why don't VCs eliminate excess demand for follow-on funds by raising fees? We propose a model of learning that leads to informational holdup. Current investors learn about skill whereas outside investors observe only returns. This gives current investors holdup power when the VC raises his next fund: Without their backing, no-one will fund him, as outside investors interpret the lack of backing as a sign of low skill. Holdup power diminishes the VC's ability to increase fees in line with performance, leading to return persistence. Empirical evidence supports the model. We estimate that up to two-thirds of VC firms lack skill. The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. , Oxford University Press.
Incidence trendency and epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Guangdong Province,1950-2011

Objective To analyze the incidence trends and epidemic characteristics of scarlet fever in Guangdong Province during 1950-2011 and provide evidence for preventing and controlling scarlet fever.Methods Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on epidemiological data of scarlet fever during 1950-2011 obtained from Guangdong Diseases Reporting Information System.Results A total of 15 581 cases were reported to the Guangdong Notifiable Disease Database during 1950-2011 with the annual incidence ranging between 0 to 49.00/100 000.There are four epidemic stages: Distributed Period(1950-1973,the average annual incidence was 0.12/100 000),Outbreak Period(1974-1987,the average annual incidence was 15.16/100 000),Low-level Epidemic Period(1988-2003,the average annual incidence was 1.68/100 000) and Epidemic Rebound Period(2004-2011,the average annual incidence was 4.82/100 000). The incidence of scarlet fever in Guangdong appeared two seasonal peaks: the first peak(autumn peak) increased since September and reached the summit between November to January(the constituent ratio is 35.4%);the second peak(spring peak) is lower than the first peak which increased since March and reached the summit between April to June(the constituent ratio is 28.9%). The two peaks were almost in accordance with the school fall semester and spring semester,respectively.A total of 3 large outbreaks were reported in key areas of Guangdong.The first outbreak occurred in Shantou City in 1974 when 1 712 cases were reported(the incidence was 484.02/100 000) and children under 15 years of age accounted for 90.5% of all cases.Ten years later,the second outbreak occurred in the same city in 1984 when 360 cases were reported(the incidence was 80.62/100 000) and children under 15 years of age accounted for 91.4% of all cases.The third outbreak occurred in Zapo Town of Yangjiang County in 1987 when 690 cases were reported,children between 5 to 9 years old accounted for 14.6% of all cases.The incidence of scarlet fever in Guangdong rebounded in 2004-2011 and the top four cities for 2011 were Shenzhen(758 cases),Guangzhou(265 cases),Foshan(117 cases) and Dongguan(109 cases). The reported cases of these four cities in 2011 were higher than the average annual cases in 2004-2010 respectively and the biggest surge was in Shenzhen(increased by 422.7%). Compared with 2004-2010,the constituent ratio for preschoolers increased in 2011,but that for students declined(P0.01). Conclusion The fluctuation pattern of the epidemic for scarlet fever in Guangdong Province during 1950 to 2011 is that high incidence period alternated with low incidence one.Each period lasted about 15 to 20 years.The epidemic rebounded since 2004 and increased obviously especially in 2011 which showed that it would remain the epidemic period for the next several years in the province.Childcare facilities and schools should be the focus of prevention and control for scarlet fever in the future.
Analysis of risk factors for incidence of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B requiring hepatic functional protection treatment

Objective To evaluate risk factors for incidence of cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B requiring hepatic functional protection treatment. Methods Medical records of patients with chronic hepatitis B requiring hepatic protection drugs be reviewed by Logistic regression and Kaplan-meier survival analysis and etc. Results Thirteen years′ cumulative incidence of cirrhosis was 30.5%. Four factors entered the regression model. A higher classification level of ALT was significantly associated with a higher risk of cumulative incidence of cirrhosis (P=0.047). Conclusions High HBV-DNA level and HBeAg-negative state at baseline are high risk factors of occurrence of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with hepatic protection drugs. Long-term treatment by this method can effectively lower the accumulative incidence of cirrhosis.
Assessment of drug prescribing pattern using WHO indicators in hospitalized patients at a tertiary care teaching hospital in rural area of India

Background: To promote rational drug use in patients of rural areas, it is important to assess drug use pattern using the WHO prescription indicators. The aim of this study was to assess the drug prescription patterns in patients admitted in Medicine department of UPRIMS&R. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from Jan 2015 to June 2015. Data were collected & analysed according to WHO prescribing indicators and presented by using descriptive statistics. Results: 626 prescriptions were selected in which 3205 drugs were prescribed. The most common drug groups prescribed were antibiotics 24.64% followed by anti-diabetic drugs 12.38%, analgesics 12.23% and drugs for cardiovascular diseases 11.82%, GIT drugs 9.01%. Average number of drugs per prescription was 5.11. Drugs prescribed from essential drugs list (India) was 76.06%. Drugs prescribed from essential drugs list (WHO) was 23.04%. Total number of prescriptions with antibiotics was 24.27%. Total number of prescriptions with injections was 24.05%. Percentage of fixed dose combinations was 28.7%. Drugs prescribed by generic name were 89.88%. Conclusions: The prescribing pattern of antibiotics was according to WHO recommendations while the average number of drugs per prescription was found high. There were small differences in the values of drugs prescribed by generic names, injectable and drugs from NLEM from the recommended values.
Comparison of Indices between PCOS and Non-PCOS Patients in Assisted Reproduction

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients are infertile in most cases, but could have progenies through assisted reproductive technology (ART). Birth weight, which has been extensively investigated recently, were used as an indicator of ART risks in offspring. Methods: Characters of PCOS patients and their babies were compared with non-PCOS ones. Results: PCOS patients presented abnormal hormonal levels, and higher BMI than non-PCOS ones. Conclusion: Although PCOS patients showed no advantages in ART, their off-springs showed no abnormality in general characteristics comparing to non-PCOS ones.
Teacher Influence on Motivation of Korean EFL University Learners

5 CHAPTER ONE Introduction.6 Problem . 6 Background.6 Rationale.7 Hypothesis.7 Subjects and Setting.7 Subjects.7 Selection criteria.8 Setting.8 Research Ethics.8 Permissions.8 Consent.8 IRB approval.9 Definitions.9 CHAPTER TWO Literature Review.10 Teacher’s Influence.10 Demotivation.10 Motivation.12 Intrinsic.12 Extrinsic.12 Motivation methods.13 Teaching style.13 TEACHER INFLUENCE ON MOTIVATION 3 CHAPTER THREE Data Collection.14 Participants.14 Research Questions.14 Methods.14 Instruments.15 Data collection.15 Data analysis procedures.15 Limitations and Delimitations.15 Limitations.15 Delimitations.15 Ethical Issues.16 Protection of human subjects.16 Researcher bias.16 Ethical issues.16 Anticipated response.16 CHAPTER FOUR Description of Data.17 Meetings.17 Teaching Style.19 Positive influence.19 Negative influence.20 Motivation Techniques.20 Increases motivation.21 Decreases motivation.22 Implementing new strategies.23 TEACHER INFLUENCE ON MOTIVATION 4 CHAPTER FIVE Conclusion.25 Action Plan.25 Plan for Sharing.26 REFERENCES.28 APPENDIX A.31 APPENDIX B.33 TEACHER INFLUENCE ON MOTIVATION 5
Implementation of Read to Be Ready Instructional Practices: A Case Study

The purpose of this embedded case study was to describe the implementation of Read to Be Ready instructional practices by elementary grades teachers. The issue this study investigated were the factors that affected the transfer of the Read to Be Ready practices, first used in a summer literacy camp environment, to the general classroom environment for 12 elementary teachers in southeast Tennessee. The theory that guided this study was Bandura’s (1986) Social Cognitive Theory, which explains the relationship between behaviors and reinforcements and describes what influences human behavior. The research answered the question of what are the experiences teachers have when implementing Read to Be Ready instructional practices in their general classroom settings. The research was accomplished using qualitative methods of data collection and analysis to include observations, personal interviews, and document analysis. The data was coded to segment information and provide descriptions of themes that emerged. A type of pattern matching, called explanation building, was used to present a narrative explanation about the case. The data collected from these participants helped explain the implementation process teachers experienced when implementing these reading practices in their general classroom settings. Results from this research indicated that teachers who implemented Read to Be Ready instructional practices experienced a shift in mind-set regarding teaching methodology and required supports such as further training, administrator and district support, and access to high-quality resources. The benefits of implementation outweighed the costs, as teachers noticed growth in student literacy skills, improvement in student engagement toward reading tasks, and renewed student motivation and confidence towards reading.
Some social mechanics of group decision making: The distribution of opinion, polling sequence, and implications for consensus.

The first study extrapolated earlier findings (Davis, Stasson, Ono, & Zimmerman, 1988) that the critical fourth voter in six-person mock juries evenly divided between guilty-and not-guilty-inclined jurors (3, 3) were significantly influenced by the preceding sequence (guilty or not-guilty faction voting first) and timing of a straw poll. Experiment 2 focused only on sequential voting in (4, 2) groups in which sequential voting by majority-minority factions first was again observed to influence critical individuals, although the effect was sharply mediated by the «leniency bias»
Attention to retention: Implications of institutional practices of four-year colleges and universities on graduation rates of students with ADHD

Advances in medication and support services in high schools have influenced the growing number of students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) enrolling in colleges and universities. Unfortunately, their lower graduation rates and extended time to graduation creates multiple challenges to themselves, their institution’s, and their communities. Limited information is available regarding how disability services impact graduation rates for students with ADHD in higher education. More information is needed about how the practices instituted by disability support center leaders in postsecondary institution’s impact the graduation rates of students with ADHD. Retention, a financial and ethical concern for universities, is pushed to the forefront by lawmakers who demand an increased return on their state’s educational investment. Disability resource directors, school registrar officials, and disability resource center websites were data sources. Information was gathered about the number of students with ADHD that have graduated from each institution over the past three years. A non-experimental quantitative design (correlation) was used that provided a process for gathering information about use of disability services, which was then correlated and compared to the overall graduation rate of college students with ADHD over a three-year period. Qualitative information regarding types of services highlighted commonly used services and responses from directors were discussed regarding collaborative partnerships and training for faculty and staff. A positive correlation between use of services and graduation rate was found from examining one school that submitted complete data. Overall, the response rate was low, particularly for the colleges, which impacted the ability to respond to some of the research questions. Some directors noted a preference