Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Natural convection in a corrugated slot

Analysis of natural convection in a horizontal slot formed by two corrugated isothermal plates has been carried out. The analysis is limited to subcritical Rayleigh numbers $Ra$ where no secondary motion takes place in the absence of corrugations. The corrugations have a sinusoidal form characterized by the wavenumber, the upper and lower amplitudes and the phase difference. The most intense convection occurs for corrugation wavelengths comparable to the slot height; it increases proportionally to $Ra$ and proportionally to the corrugation height. Placement of corrugations on both plates may either significantly increase or decrease the convection depending on the phase difference between the upper and lower corrugations, with the strongest convection found for corrugations being in phase, i.e. a ‘wavy’ slot, and the weakest for corrugations being out of phase, i.e. a ‘converging–diverging’ slot. It is shown that the shear forces would always contribute to the corrugation build-up if erosion was allowed, while the role of pressure forces depends on the location of the corrugations as well as on the corrugation height and wavenumber, and the Rayleigh number. Placing corrugations on both plates results in the formation of a moment which attempts to change the relative position of the plates. There are two limiting positions, i.e. the ‘wavy’ slot and the ‘converging–diverging’ slot, with the latter being unstable. The system would end up in the ‘wavy’ slot configuration if relative movement of the two plates was allowed. The presence of corrugations affects the conductive heat flow and creates a convective heat flow. The conductive heat flow increases with the corrugation height as well as with the corrugation wavenumber; it is largest for short-wavelength corrugations. The convective heat flow is relevant only for wavenumbers of $O(1)$ , it increases proportionally to $Ra^{3}$ and proportionally to the second power of the corrugation height. Convection is qualitatively similar for all Prandtl numbers $Pr$ , with its intensity increasing for smaller $Pr$ and with the heat transfer augmentation increasing for larger $Pr$ .
THE RELATIVITY PRINCIPLE AND THE INDETERMINATION OF SPECIAL RELATIVITY

The indetermination of Special Relativity (SR) is analysed. Our thesis is that as a result of the indetermination of the one-way speed of light we can not determine the movement at every frame. We only can observe a description of the movement with Lorentz co-ordinates. Only as an approximation this correspond to the movement with synchronized clocks. The Galilean Relativity Principle only holds as an aproximation since for large distances we can have large desynchronizations. To determine the movement in every frame we must know the one-way speed of light in one frame. The meaning of Relativity Principle rise from this analysis
Search for production of dark matter in association with a Higgs boson decaying to bb with the ATLAS detector

Using 3.2 fb^-1 of sqrt(s) =13TeV proton-proton data collected in 2015 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, new limits were imposed on the associated production of Dark Matter with a 125GeV Higgs boson which decays into a pair of b-quarks. The final state of the signal is a pair of b-quark jets and large Missing Transverse Momentum attributed to the DM escaping the detector. The dominant backgrounds were simulated. These were subject to selection requirements to increase signal to background ratio. Three regions were designated based on the number of leptons in the event. 0 lepton events made up the signal region. Events with 1 and 2 leptons were control regions. Similar selection requirements were applied to the control regions as in the signal region, in order to examine a similar phase space. A blinding region was established in the 0 lepton region over the mbb distribution to mask where a reconstructed 125GeV Higgs boson would appear. The control regions and the side bands in the signal region were then fit to the mbb data distribution. Unblinding of the signal region did not result in the discovery of the decay channel, but allowed limits to be imposed.
Antimicrobial Activity of some Herbs against Pathogenic Microorganisms in Raw Soft Cheese (Kurdish Cheese)

Cheese is a versatile, nutrient-rich dairy product because they include nutrients that the body needs in high amounts. The present study aimed to prolong local soft cheese storage duration with some natural herbs by antimicrobial Activity against pathogenic microorganisms. The analysis of chemical parameters was Fat, Protein, salt, Moisture, and PH by the technique (Application of DA 7250 At-line NIR Analyzer) was conducted to uncover the percentages of local Cheese during the period of blank, mixed with herb, without herb and salt. Our study showed that the local chees mixed with herb had high significant values (p< 0.01) as fat 28.32, protein 21.37, salt 0.57 and moisture 45.76, compared with other parameters of blank, and salt (p< 0.01). The PH texture analyzer from the additive herbs of local cheese observed increased values of 5.64, 5.84 from 12, and 18 days in line equation y = 0.136x + 5.27 (R2 =0.9755). Therefore, the inhibition zone of local cheese mixed with herbs such as thyme, rosemary, and chamomile was a significant zone to prevent the growth of microbes as antibiotics to prolong the shelf life of cheese, especially the thyme has a more significant zone of antimicrobial activity to inhibition of the growth, Escherichia coli 12.04 mm, Staphylococcus 11.12 mm, Mucor 9.06 mm and Penicillium 7.09 mm. The total viable count (TVC) of coliform bacteria that the local cheese sample was detected to be the interval of herb 81*104-10. 7 *10 4 and salt 36*10 4 -56*10 4 during storage in 5 and 12 days, and the yeasts and moulds were increased from 5*10 3 to 2.8 *10 4 CFU/ml after 12 days when adding thyme herbs according to a different time. Sensory evaluation of the local cheese with herbs especially thyme could be successfully used by tasters. In conclusion, thyme and other herbs can be use as an effective and great nutritional source for local cheese to extend its shelf life as it has preservative properties as antioxidant for both nutrition and human against microbes and illnesses.
LOV2-based photoactivatable CaMKII and its application to single synapses: Local Optogenetics

Optogenetic techniques offer a high spatiotemporal resolution to manipulate cellular activity. For instance, Channelrhodopsin-2 with global light illumination is the most widely used to control neuronal activity at the cellular level. However, the cellular scale is much larger than the diffraction limit of light (<1 μm) and does not fully exploit the features of the “high spatial resolution” of optogenetics. For instance, until recently, there were no optogenetic methods to induce synaptic plasticity at the level of single synapses. To address this, we developed an optogenetic tool named photoactivatable CaMKII (paCaMKII) by fusing a light-sensitive domain (LOV2) to CaMKIIα, which is a protein abundantly expressed in neurons of the cerebrum and hippocampus and essential for synaptic plasticity. Combining photoactivatable CaMKII with two-photon excitation, we successfully activated it in single spines, inducing synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation) in hippocampal neurons. We refer to this method as “Local Optogenetics”, which involves the local activation of molecules and measurement of cellular responses. In this review, we will discuss the characteristics of LOV2, the recent development of its derivatives, and the development and application of paCaMKII.
Critical Behavior of Magnets with Dipolar Interactions

Studies of magnetic critical behavior using the recursion relation approach will be reviewed. For a Hamiltonian including both (anisotropic) exchange and dipole‐dipole interactions many fixed points arise, each representing distinct asymptotic critical behavior. Various non‐dipolar fixed points, for degree of isotropy m, describe the critical behavior of (rotationally invariant) antiferromagnets, except for additional, slowly decaying terms, which can lead to “effective critical exponents”. In addition one finds a series of “dipolar” fixed points. For m>1, these yield exponents which deviate slightly more from the classical values than those for the non‐dipolar fixed points. When m=1 the dipolar fixed point has classical exponents for dimension d>3, plus logarithmic corrections at d=3, but non‐classical behavior for d<3. The dipolar spin‐spin correlation functions always develop a characteristic angular dependence. Spatially anisotropic interactions, antisymmetric exchange interactions, terms of cubic sym.
Robustness versus thermal effects of single-mode operation of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with engineered leakage of high-order transverse optical modes

Design of the oxide–confined vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with enhanced engineered lateral leakage of high–order transverse optical modes is studied by three–dimensional optical modeling to evaluate the robustness of the leakage selection approach with respect to thermal effects. Both Joule heat and heat generated by the free carrier absorption of the optical mode in the doped semiconductor layers and their impact on the refractive index profile are considered. We show that for typical regimes of the VCSEL design and operation absorption–induced heat exceeds by several times the Joule heat while the shape of the generated heated domains strongly differ. Modeling shows that well defined spectral separation between the transverse optical modes persists upon increase in injection current. Further, upon increase in current the lateral extension of the fundamental mode decreases and the mode shrinks towards the center of the VCSEL structure thus reducing the lateral leakage and increasing the mode lifetime, whereas similar effect for high–order transverse modes is much weaker. Thus the preferred conditions for the lasing of the fundamental mode persist and even improve upon current increase. At high currents the fundamental mode becomes favorable at all aperture diameters, also for those where the cold cavity approximation predicts preference for the excited mode lasing.
Unravelling the Roots of Emotional Development: Examining the Relationships Between Attachment, Resilience and Coping in Young Adolescents

One’s attachment style forms early in life and can aid in dealing with future setbacks. Equally, Coping and resilience are two specific psychological mechanisms that form how one deals with problems and recovers from stressful situations. These three concepts are well-known interrelated concepts within psychology but to what extent they overlap is still unclear. The present study investigated attachment, resiliency and coping using structural equation modeling. Participants ( N = 390), aged between 9 and 12 y old, completed an paper survey including Experiences in Close Relationship-Revised questionnaire (ECR-RC-12), Resiliency Scales for Children & Adolescents (RSCA), and the Brief-CPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced). Path analysis revealed strong associations between attachment and resiliency as well as strong associations between resiliency and coping. Specifically, the predictive value of anxious attachment on resiliency was seen for all three resiliency sub-scales. However, the predictive value of avoidance attachment on resiliency was only revealed for two of the resiliency sub-scales. The two resiliency protective factors (sense of mastery and sense of relatedness) have a positive predictive value for three coping strategies. Equally, the resiliency risk factor (emotional reactivity) also positively predicted two coping strategies. The current findings demonstrate clear associations between these three concepts. Equally, the theoretical connections are discussed in light of these findings. Equally, stemming from this study, clinical implications are discussed that can inform practice in terms of approaching psychopathologies from different angles (resilience, coping, and attachment) as well as, the development of coping and resilience skills in order to support healthy development.
Search for Dark Matter Produced in Association with a Higgs Boson Decaying to $b\overline{b}$ at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

Several extensions of the Standard Model predict associated production of Dark Matter particles with a Higgs boson. Such processes are searched for in final states with missing transverse momentum and a Higgs boson decaying to a bb̄ pair with the ATLAS detector using 36.1 fb 1 of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the LHC. The observed data are in agreement with the Standard Model and limits are placed on the associated production of Dark Matter particles and a Higgs boson for a simplified Dark Matter model and without extra model assumptions.
LEADERSHIP STYLE AND WORK MOTIVATION: DRIVING PERFORMANCE OF ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL

This study analyzes the effect of transformational leadership and work motivation on performance of the administrators of the Nurul Hidayah Islamic Boarding School, Malang, East Java. This study uses a quantitative approach and data collection through questionnaires distributed to 33 boarding school administrators. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that transformational leadership significantly affects the performance of the Nurul Hidayah Islamic Boarding School administrators. However, work motivation has no significant effect on the performance of the management. The results of this study provide positive implications for the leadership of Islamic boarding schools in improving the performance of the management through the implementation of transformational leadership values such as charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and attention to individuals.
Species Diversity of Deadwood in Chinese Fir Plantations Differs between Mixed Planting and Thinning Treatments

The occurrence of deadwood is inevitable during the process of plantation conversion, but the influences of conversion and the potential environmental effect on deadwood species diversity remain unclear. We established two fixed plots in Chinese fir thinned forest (TF) and Chinese fir and Michelia macclurei Dandy mixed forest (MF) (100 × 80 and 120 × 60 m2, respectively). We classified the deadwood into groups based on origin and by status, and analyzed deadwood species diversity using four common diversity indices. We also investigated the contribution of topographic factors to tree mortality using redundancy analysis. The species composition of deadwood differed markedly between the MF and TF. The species diversity and variety of deadwood status were greater for the TF than MF, although abundance was lower. Topography was poorly correlated with deadwood in the MF, while in the TF, altitude was strongly correlated with deadwood from Chinese fir, shade-intolerant late-coming populations, and fallen wood. Slope was negatively correlated with late-coming populations and fallen wood, but deadwood correlations with convexity were weak. These results indicate that cultivation methods strongly alter the species composition, status, abundance and diversity of deadwood in plantations. Topographic factors and targeted cultivation practices promote the formation of deadwood.
The Neotropical antlion genus Ameromyia Banks, 1913 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), systematics and redefinition under a phylogenetic approach

A taxonomic revision and the first phylogenetic hypothesis of the Neotropical genus Ameromyia Banks (Myrmeleontidae: Brachynemurini) is herein presented. The phylogeny is based on 45 morphological characters and recovered the traditional Ameromyia as paraphyletic in respect to the monotypic genus Venezueleon Stange, which is here synonymized under Ameromyia. Three species are synonymized (A. hirsuta Navás and A. stevensi Navás under A. nigriventris (Walker), and A. pentheri Navás under A. strigosa (Banks)) and two new species are described (A. clepsydrasp. nov. and A. explicatasp. nov.). Ameromyia sensu novo is a valid genus with 12 species restricted to South America, and divided into two species groups. Taxonomic keys are also presented to adults and larvae, as well as a discussion on the genus biology.
Adaptive Finite-Time Optimal Formation Control for Second-Order Nonlinear Multiagent Systems

This article addresses an adaptive backstepping finite-time optimal formation control problem for second-order multiagent systems (MASs) with unknown nonlinear dynamics. Neural networks (NNs) are used to identify the unknown uncertain terms in the controlled system. Then, the finite-time optimal formation control is designed by constructing a novel optimal performance index function containing exponential power terms based on the framework of identifier–actor–critic. It is proved that all signals in the system are bounded in finite time, and the formation control is simultaneously achieved at minimum cost. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control algorithm are verified by simulation comparisons and data analyses.
Investor Sentiment and the Basis of CSI 300 Stock Index Futures: An Empirical Study Based on QVAR Model and Quantile Regression

The asymmetrical mutual influence of investor sentiment and the basis of CSI 300 stock index futures under conditions in different market situations was investigated using the quantile vector autoregressive model (QVAR). The article also discussed asymmetrical influence of investor sentiment on the basis under conditions in different investor structures using the quantile regression method. On this basis, we obtained several important conclusions: (1) There exists a one-way causal relationship where investor sentiment has a significant impact on the CSI 300 stock index futures basis in China; the investor sentiment is likely to exert stronger influences on the basis in the chaotic period of the stock market and imposes significant asymmetrical effects. (2) The institutionalized development of investors can reduce the influences of investor sentiment on the basis when the stock market is stable, while it does not play its function in stabilizing the capital market when the stock market is in turmoil. (3) The low institutionalization level, the individualization of institutional investors, and the imperfect short-sales mechanism as a whole are still the sticking problems in the immature capital market of China.
The Smale horseshoes in a class of non-invertible maps in with two-direction instability

We study the existence of Smale horseshoes of new type and the uniformly hyperbolic invariant sets for a class of non-invertible maps in three-dimensional Euclidean spaces with the dimension of instability equal to two. Parameter regions are given, for which the map has a horseshoe and a uniformly hyperbolic invariant set on which the map is topologically conjugate to the two-sided fullshift on four symbols.
A simple model for estimation of above and below ground carbon in cereal crops

Carbon (C) is an essential part of healthy soil. Healthy soils play an important role in improving the life of all living organisms on earth (plants, humans, animals, birds, insects, microbes etc.). Best agronomic practices for field crop production sequester more carbon (due to higher photosynthesis) below and above the ground that makes the soils healthy and sustainable. Healthy soils increase yield per unit area and so reduce the problem of food insecurity. Higher photosynthetic efficiency (higher CO 2 uptake by the plants) reduces the problem of global warming and climate change. According to an estimate, plants capture about 860 gigatons of CO 2 each year from the atmosphere, storing it in their shoots, and roots (1 kg of carbon is equal to 3.67 kg of CO 2 ). The aim of this study is to develop a simple calculation (model) for researchers to easily estimate the carbon content (CC) capture by plants in below (roots) and above ground (shoots) parts. Considerable variation in total CC (TCC) accumulation and its partitioning into above ground parts (ACC) and below ground parts (BCC) exists which depends on crop species and genotypes, crop nutrition, crop competitions and intercropping, fertilizers application, irrigation, tillage, biotic and abiotic stresses, soil types and environment etc. The CC estimation is explained in detail with four examples on major cereal crops (wheat, rice, maize and barley) for the world leading countries in 2018−2019. In the first example using wheat, the TCC estimated for wheat crop in Pakistan was 37.4 metric tons (MT) of which 30.5 MT was allocated into ACC (shoots) and 6.9 MT into BCC (roots). The highest value of TCC accumulation for wheat crop was estimated for the European Union which was 216.3 MT (176.4 ACC + 39.9 BCC). In the second example using rice crops, TCC for the world leading countries was estimated and the leading country was China with TCC of 161.7 MT (131.9 ACC + 29.8 BCC). Example three is about the CC estimation for maize crop, and the leading country was USA having the highest TCC value of 505.3 MT (ACC = 412.1 MT, BCC = 93.2 MT). The Russian Federation ranked first for barley crop and the highest TCC value of 29.2 MT was recorded (23.8 MT ACC + 5.4 MT BCC). It was confirmed while using this model that out of the 100% (TCC) fixed, 82% CC is partitioned into above ground parts (ACC) and the remaining 18% CC is allocated into below ground parts (BCC). Due to this model, we can easily calculate the TCC accumulation and its partitioning into ACC and BCC per unit area (kg ha −1 ). For example, the TCC was easily calculated for the 40 world leading countries for wheat, rice, maize and barley during 2019. The results revealed that the TCC ranged from 4414 to 13243 kg ha −1 for wheat, 4578 to 11444 kg ha −1 for rice , 5150 to 15450 kg ha − 1 for maize, and 3443 to 13733 kg ha −1 for barley among the top 40 countries. This is the most simplified way of estimating CC in below (roots) and above ground (shoots) parts in field crops.
Probability Coverage and Interval Length for Welch's and Yuen's Techniques: Shift in Location, Change in Scale, and (Un)Equal Sizes

Coverage for Welch’s technique was less than the confidence-level when size was inversely proportional to variance and skewness was extreme. Under negative kurtosis, coverage for Yuen’s technique was attenuated. Under skewness and heteroscedasticity, coverage for Yuen’s technique was more accurate than Welch’s technique.
Dual-laser, self-calibrating Thomson scattering measurements in RFX-mod

A self-calibrating Thomson scattering technique, based on using two lasers of different wavelength and never implemented before in a fusion experiment, is tested for the first time in RFX-mod. The method employs two laser systems, Nd:YAG (λ = 1064 nm) and Nd:YLF (λ = 1053 nm), fired in sync through the same plasma volume. The combination of the two scattered spectra, individually recorded, is used to simultaneously obtain the measurements of the electron temperature T e and the relative calibration coefficients of the polychromator spectral channels sensitivities C i . This work is a continuation of the dual-angle technique, a similar alternative method. Due to the small difference in the wavelengths of the two lasers, the sensitivity of this method is low in RFX-mod and reliable measurements of the calibration coefficients could not be obtained on a shot-to-shot basis, but only with a statistical analysis of a reasonable number of pairs of laser shots with good signal-to-noise ratio. The dual-laser method can be applied to most fusion devices and could provide continuous online monitoring of the spectral transmission of the detection system. This may prove essential in larger devices (ITER), where access for traditional calibration is difficult.