Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A NOVEL APPROACH TO DETECT LOW AUTOCORRELATION BINARY SEQUENCES USING IMPROVISED TABU SEARCH ALGORITHM

The Detection of low autocorrelation binary sequences (LABS) is one of the classic problems. These binary sequences have many practical applications, particularly in the area of radar communications. In the literature of computational complexity, we call this as nondeterministic polynomial time hard problem (NP-Hard). Gallardo (1) in his paper has described a Tabu search approach for tackling this issue. We improvised this algorithm, and we achieved better results in doing so. There are two main areas in the algorithm that we have improvised.one is the Tabu Tenure parameter, another is the implementation of a novel local restart strategy called "set". Our algorithm improved the execution rates significantly. We were able to achieve new optimal solutions with our improved algorithm (especially for instances greater than 60 and less than 101) to that of previous method (1). Instead of finding optimal solutions for odd skew-symmetric instances we found the optimal solutions for all the instances.
I−Lacunary Summability Function of Order α

In this paper, we further generalize recently introduced summability methods in \cite{CC}(where ideals of $\mathbb{N}$ were used to extend certain important summability methods) and introduce new notions, namely, $\mathcal{I-}$statistical convergence of order $\alpha$, where $0<\alpha<1$ by taking nonnegative real-valued Lebesque measurable function in the interval $(1,\infty). $ We mainly investigate their relationship and also make some observations about these classes. The study leaves a lot of interesting open problems.
Analysis of the rate of force development reveals high neuromuscular fatigability in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces muscle wasting and a reduction in the maximum voluntary force (MVF). Little is known about the neuromuscular fatigability in CKD patients, defined as the reduction of muscle force capacities during exercise. Neuromuscular fatigability is a crucial physical parameter of the daily living. The quantification of explosive force has been shown to be a sensitive means to assess neuromuscular fatigability. Thus, our study used explosive force estimates to assess neuromuscular fatigability in elderly CKD patients.
Large scale organization of wall turbulence

This study lies in the context of large scale coherent structures (uniform momentum regions and vortical motions) investigation in a near wall turbulent boundary layer at high Reynolds numbers (Reθ=9830 and Reθ=19660). With a Linear Stochastic Estimation procedure based on correlations computation, a full time-resolved 3 component field is reconstructed at high frequency from stereo-PIV at 4 Hz and hot wire data at 30 kHz . A DNS database of turbulent channel flow was used to validate the reconstruction method. To evaluate the quality of the method, reconstructed velocity fluctuations are compared to refence ones extracted directly from the DNS database. Furthermore, a statistical analysis is performed on HWA, PIV and LSE velocity fields. The results obtained are compared to those from Carlier and Stanislas (2005). Algorithms were developed to extract coherent structures from the reconstructed field. Uniform momentum regions are characterized with their mean hydraulic diameter in the YZ plane, their life time and their contribution to Reynolds stresses. The vortical motions are characterized by their position, radius, circulation and vorticity in addition to their life time and their number computed at a fixed position from the wall. The spatial organization of the structures was investigated through a correlation of their respective indicative functions in the spanwise direction . The simplified large scale model that arised is compared to the ones in the literature
Everything About Pulse Oximetry—Part 1: History, Principles, Advantages, Limitations, Inaccuracies, Cost Analysis, the Level of Knowledge About Pulse Oximeter Among Clinicians, and Pulse Oximetry Versus Tissue Oximetry

Purpose: Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive medical technique that measures the amount of oxygen in a person’s blood by shining light through their skin. It is widely used in medical care and is considered as important as the 4 traditional vital signs. In this article, it was aimed to review all aspects of pulse oximetry in detail. Materials and Methods: The international and national reliable sources were used in the literature review for critical data analysis. A total of 13 articles including 9 reviews, 1 comparative clinical research, 1 cost-saving quality improvement project, 1 cross-sectional and multicenter descriptive study, and 1 questionnaire study were used for the preparation of this part of the review. Results: The history, principles, advantages, limitations inaccuracies, cost analysis, the level of knowledge about pulse oximeter among clinicians, and pulse oximetry versus tissue oximetry were all reviewed in detail. Conclusion: The device has a significant impact on modern medicine, allowing continuous monitoring of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in arterial blood. Oximeters are valuable in managing oxygen levels in respiratory and nonrespiratory diseases and have become an essential tool in hospital settings. Detecting low levels of oxygen saturation early can alert patients to seek medical attention promptly. It is crucial to comprehend the working and limitations of pulse oximetry technology to ensure patient safety.
Measuring alcohol use among adolescents in Africa: A systematic scoping review of consumption, screening and assessment tools

Abstract Issues Globally, adolescent drinking is a major public health concern. Alcohol measurements are influenced by local consumption practices, patterns and perceptions of alcohol‐related harm. This is the first review to examine what tools are used to measure alcohol consumption, or screen for or assess harmful use in African adolescents, and how these tools take into account the local context. Approach A systematic scoping review was conducted in line with the Arksey and O'Malley framework. A search in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Global Health and the Cochrane Database covered the period of 2000–2020. Key Findings The search identified 121 papers across 25 African countries. A range of single‐ and multi‐item tools were identified. Very few adaptations of existing questions were specified, and this search identified no tools developed by local researchers that were fundamentally different from established tools often designed in the USA or Europe. Inconsistencies were found in the use of cut‐off scores; many studies used adult cut‐off scores. Implications and Conclusion The possible impact of African drinking practices and culture on the accuracy of alcohol screening tools is currently unknown, but is also not taken into account by most research. This, in combination with a limited geographical distribution of alcohol‐related research across the continent and inconsistent use of age‐ and gender‐specific cut‐off scores, points towards probable inaccuracies in current data on adolescent alcohol use in Africa.
How healthy and affordable are foods and beverages sold in school canteens? A cross-sectional study comparing menus from Victorian primary schools

Abstract Objective: Government policy guidance in Victoria, Australia, encourages schools to provide affordable, healthy foods in canteens. This study analysed the healthiness and price of items available in canteens in Victorian primary schools and associations with school characteristics. Design: Dietitians classified menu items (main, snack and beverage) using the red, amber and green traffic light system defined in the Victorian government’s School Canteens and Other School Food Services Policy. This system also included a black category for confectionary and high sugar content soft drinks which should not be supplied. Descriptive statistics and regressions were used to analyse differences in the healthiness and price of main meals, snacks and beverages offered, according to school remoteness, sector (government and Catholic/independent) size, and socio-economic position. Setting: State of Victoria, Australia Participants: A convenience sample of canteen menus drawn from three previous obesity prevention studies in forty-eight primary schools between 2016 and 2019. Results: On average, school canteen menus were 21 % ‘green’ (most healthy – everyday), 53 % ‘amber’ (select carefully), 25 % ‘red’ (occasional) and 2 % ‘black’ (banned) items, demonstrating low adherence with government guidelines. ‘Black’ items were more common in schools in regional population centres. ‘Red’ main meal items were cheaper than ‘green’% (mean difference –$0·48 (95 % CI –0·85, –0·10)) and ‘amber’ –$0·91 (–1·27, –0·57)) main meal items. In about 50 % of schools, the mean price of ‘red’ main meal, beverages and snack items were cheaper than ‘green’ items, or no ‘green’ alternative items were offered. Conclusion: In this sample of Victorian canteen menus, there was no evidence of associations of healthiness and pricing by school characteristics except for regional centres having the highest proportion of ‘black’ (banned) items compared with all other remoteness categories examined. There was low adherence with state canteen menu guidelines. Many schools offered a high proportion of ‘red’ food options and ‘black’ (banned) options, particularly in regional centres. Unhealthier options were cheaper than healthy options. More needs to be done to bring Victorian primary school canteen menus in line with guidelines.
Effect of denture cleansers on color stability and surface roughness of denture bases fabricated from three different techniques: Conventional heat‐polymerizing, CAD/CAM additive, and CAD/CAM subtractive manufacturing

Denture base materials are commonly exposed to different denture cleansers which can affect their essential properties. This study aimed to assess the effect of denture cleansers on color stability and surface roughness of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture bases fabricated from different techniques: Conventional heat‐polymerizing, CAD/CAM additive and CAD/CAM subtractive.
PAI-1 genetic polymorphisms influence septic patients' outcomes by regulating neutrophil activity

Abstract Background: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, but the exact mechanism remains debatable. In this study, we investigated the associations among the serum levels of PAI-1, the incidence of 4G/5G promoter PAI-1 gene polymorphisms, immunological indicators, and clinical outcomes in septic patients. Methods: A total of 181 patients aged 18–80 years with sepsis between November 2016 and August 2018 in the intensive care unit in the Xinhua Hospital were recruited in this retrospective study, with 28-day mortality as the primary outcome. The initial serum level of PAI-1 and the presence of rs1799768 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were examined. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with different genotypes of PAI-1, serum level of PAI-1, and 28-day mortality. Results: The logistic analysis suggested that a high serum level of PAI-1 was associated with the rs1799768 SNP of PAI-1 (4G/4G and 4G/5G) (Odds ratio [OR]: 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09, 5.68). Furthermore, a high serum level of PAI-1 strongly influenced 28-day mortality (OR 3.36; 95% CI 1.51, 7.49). The expression and activation of neutrophils (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.93, 0.99), as well as the changes in the expression patterns of cytokines and chemokine-associated neutrophils (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.00), were both regulated by the genotype of PAI-1. Conclusions: Genetic polymorphisms of PAI-1 can influence the serum levels of PAI-1, which might contribute to mortality by affecting neutrophil activity. Thus, patients with severe sepsis might clinically benefit from enhanced neutrophil clearance and the resolution of inflammation via the regulation of PAI-1 expression and activity.
Plasma fuelling with cryogenic pellets in the stellarator TJ-II

Cryogenic pellet injection is a widely used technique for delivering fuel to the core of magnetically confined plasmas. Indeed, such systems are currently functioning on many tokamak, reversed field pinch and stellarator devices. A pipe-gun-type pellet injector is now operated on the TJ-II, a low-magnetic shear stellarator of the heliac type. Cryogenic hydrogen pellets, containing between 3 × 1018 and 4 × 1019 atoms, are injected at velocities between 800 and 1200 m s−1 from its low-field side into plasmas created and/or maintained in this device by electron cyclotron resonance and/or neutral beam injection heating. In this paper, the first systematic study of pellet ablation, particle deposition and fuelling efficiency is presented for TJ-II. From this, light-emission profiles from ablating pellets are found to be in reasonable agreement with simulated pellet ablation profiles (created using a neutral gas shielding-based code) for both heating scenarios. In addition, radial offsets between recorded light-emission profiles and particle deposition profiles provide evidence for rapid outward drifting of ablated material that leads to pellet particle loss from the plasma. Finally, fuelling efficiencies are documented for a range of target plasma densities (~4 × 1018– ~2 × 1019 m−3). These range from ~20%– ~85% and are determined to be sensitive to pellet penetration depth. Additional observations, such as enhanced core ablation, are discussed and planned future work is outlined.
Individualized Positive End-expiratory Pressure on Postoperative Atelectasis in Patients with Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: Individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) guided by dynamic compliance improves oxygenation and reduces postoperative atelectasis in nonobese patients. The authors hypothesized that dynamic compliance–guided PEEP could also reduce postoperative atelectasis in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Methods: Patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic bariatric surgery were eligible. Dynamic compliance–guided PEEP titration was conducted in all patients using a downward approach. A recruitment maneuver (PEEP from 10 to 25 cm H2O at 5–cm H2O step every 30 s, with 15–cm H2O driving pressure) was conducted both before and after the titration. Patients were then randomized (1:1) to undergo surgery under dynamic compliance–guided PEEP (PEEP with highest dynamic compliance plus 2 cm H2O) or PEEP of 8 cm H2O. The primary outcome was postoperative atelectasis, as assessed with computed tomography at 60 to 90 min after extubation, and expressed as percentage to total lung tissue volume. Secondary outcomes included Pao2/inspiratory oxygen fraction (Fio2) and postoperative pulmonary complications. Results: Forty patients (mean ± SD; 28 ± 7 yr of age; 25 females; average body mass index, 41.0 ± 4.7 kg/m2) were enrolled. Median PEEP with highest dynamic compliance during titration was 15 cm H2O (interquartile range, 13 to 17; range, 8 to 19) in the entire sample of 40 patients. The primary outcome of postoperative atelectasis (available in 19 patients in each group) was 13.1 ± 5.3% and 9.5 ± 4.3% in the PEEP of 8 cm H2O and dynamic compliance–guided PEEP groups, respectively (intergroup difference, 3.7%; 95% CI, 0.5 to 6.8%; P = 0.025). Pao2/Fio2 at 1 h after pneumoperitoneum was higher in the dynamic compliance–guided PEEP group (397 vs. 337 mmHg; group difference, 60; 95% CI, 9 to 111; P = 0.017) but did not differ between the two groups 30 min after extubation (359 vs. 375 mmHg; group difference, –17; 95% CI, –53 to 21; P = 0.183). The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications was 4 of 20 in both groups. Conclusions: Postoperative atelectasis was lower in patients undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery under dynamic compliance–guided PEEP versus PEEP of 8 cm H2O. Postoperative Pao2/Fio2 did not differ between the two groups. The authors randomized patients undergoing bariatric surgery to undergo surgery with an optimal dynamic compliance–determined level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or a fixed PEEP level of 8 cm H2O (following a standardized recruitment maneuver). Computed tomography was performed in the early postoperative period to quantitate the degree of atelectasis (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes included Pao2/inspiratory oxygen fraction ratio and postoperative pulmonary complications. The median PEEP level determined by optimal dynamic compliance was nearly double that of the control group (15 cm H2O). The primary outcome was significantly reduced, although no significant differences were noted in postoperative secondary outcomes.
Development of a Communication Tool between Patients and Physicians for Recognizing COPD Exacerbations in Japan

Abstract In Japan, exacerbations are underreported compared with other countries, possibly due in part to a failure to recognize them. This study aimed to create a simple chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Exacerbation Recognition Tool (CERT-J) specifically for Japanese patients. Patients ≥40 years with confirmed COPD or asthma-COPD overlap were included. Focus groups were held to identify words and phrases used by patients to describe symptoms associated with an exacerbation, resulting in candidate items being identified. Following cognitive debriefing, the items were refined based on item frequency, level of endorsement and effect of demographic factors. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was then performed to inform an expert panel’s choice of items to form the new tool. A total of 41 patients were included in the focus groups and nine patients performed the cognitive debrief. Following this, the expert panel identified 26 items for testing in a further 100 patients (mean age 72 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s 54.8% predicted and 1.8 exacerbations in the preceding 12 months). Eleven items were associated with breathlessness or activity limitation and seven of these were the most frequently endorsed. EFA identified four factors, with one (breathlessness) being dominant. The expert panel recommended that the CERT-J should include six items: breathlessness and activity limitation (3 items), cough (1 item) and phlegm (2 items). The final CERT-J should benefit patients with COPD by providing them with an increased understanding and recognition of exacerbations. Clinical Trial Registration: GSK K.K (jRCT1080224526).
Linking infant size and early growth with maternal lifestyle and breastfeeding – the first year of life in the CRIBS cohort

Abstract Background Every third child in Croatia is classed as overweight or obese. Infant growth can represent early warning signs for obesity. Aim To detect early risk factors for obesity by investigating infant size and early growth trajectories and their association with maternal lifestyle and breastfeeding. Subjects and methods Ninety-eight mother–child pairs from the Croatian Islands’ Birth Cohort Study (CRIBS) cohort were included in the study. Data were collected from questionnaires and medical records. Growth data were converted to Z-scores using World Health Organisation (WHO) standards and used as the primary outcome. Results Z-score trajectories in the first year of life were in line with WHO standards. A direct link between infant size and maternal socioeconomic status (SES) or breastfeeding was not detected. However, child weight gain in the first 6 months was associated with maternal body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy (p < 0.01). A positive association was also established between breastfeeding and maternal SES and mothers that report an unhealthy diet have heavier children (p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion Infant size and early growth in Croatia is in line with WHO standards and risk factors for obesity development were detectable in the first year of life, but not highly pronounced. However, more effective BMI monitoring and promotion of a healthy diet and lifestyle of women before and during pregnancy is needed.
Mental health and sleep quality of low-income mothers of one-year-olds during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent social restrictions created an unprecedented context for families raising young children. Although studies have documented detrimental effects of the pandemic on maternal well-being, less is known about how the pandemic specifically impacted low-income mothers. We examined depression, anxiety, and sleep quality among low-income mothers of one-year-olds during the early months of the pandemic using data from the Baby’s First Years study. Focusing on the control group (n = 547), we compared mothers interviewed before March 14th, 2020 (n = 342) to mothers interviewed between March 14th and June 30th, 2020 (n = 205) to determine whether the pandemic was associated with differences in mental health and sleep quality. Mothers were recruited from four cities in the United States, and most of the sample identified as Hispanic (42.2%) or Black, non-Hispanic (38.6%). We found that mothers interviewed during the pandemic reported better mental health and sleep quality. While we cannot speak to longer-term impacts of the pandemic, it is possible low-income mothers experienced relief from daily stressors during the initial shelter-in-place orders, which may have led to improvements in well-being. These results have implications for understanding how complex life stressors influence mental health and sleep quality among low-income mothers raising young children.
Immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of heterologous (third dose) booster vaccination with a full or fractional dose of two different COVID-19 vaccines: A phase 4, single-blind, randomized controlled trial in adults

ABSTRACT In this phase 4 study we assessed boosting with fractional doses of heterologous COVID-19 vaccines in Brazilian adults primed with two doses of CoronaVac (Sinovac/Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil) at least 4 months previously. Participants received either full-dose of ChAdOx1-S (Group 1, n = 232), a half dose of ChAdOx1-S (Group 2, n = 236), or a half dose of BNT162b2 (Group 3, n = 234). The primary objective was to show 80% seroresponse rates (SRR) 28 d after vaccination measured as IgG antibodies against a prototype SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein. Safety was assessed as solicited and unsolicited adverse events. At baseline all participants were seropositive, with high IgG titers overall. SRR at Day 28 were 34.3%, 27.1% and 71.2%, respectively, not meeting the primary objective of 80%, despite robust immune responses in all three groups with geometric mean-fold rise (GMFR) in IgG titers of 3.39, 2.99 and 7.42, respectively. IgG immune responses with similar GMFR were also observed against SARS-CoV-2 variants, Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma and D614G. In subsets (n = 35) of participants GMFR of neutralizing immune responses against live prototype SARS-CoV-2 virus and Omicron BA.2 were similar to the IgG responses as were pseudo-neutralizing responses against SARS-CoV-2 prototype and Omicron BA.4/5 variants. All vaccinations were well tolerated with no vaccine-related serious adverse events and mainly transient mild-to-moderate local and systemic reactogenicity. Heterologous boosting with full or half doses of ChAdOx1-S or a half dose of BNT162b2 was safe and immunogenic in CoronaVac-primed adults, but seroresponse rates were limited by high baseline immunity.