Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of rumen protected arginine supplementation on growth rate, rumen fermentation and blood biochemical of Awassi lambs

Abstract Twenty five Awassi male lambs weighing 24 + 0.92 kg and 3.5 months of old were used to investigate the effect of three levels of protected arginine (0 , 5 and 7 g PA/h/d) supplemented contentiously (daily) or with cut twice a week (three days feeding, one day cut) on dry matter intake (DMI), live weight gain (LWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR)rumen fermentation rate and blood characteristics. Lambs were divided into five equal groups and fed randomly one of the following diets . The first group received the basal diet, composed of concentrate diet without PA which served as the control group (D1). The other tested groups were fed randomly on one of the following diets: D1 diet supplemented continuously with 5 or 7 g PA /h/d ( D2 and D3 respectively ); D1 diet supplemented with cut twice a week 5 or 7 g PA/h/d (D4 and D5 respectively). Total daily DMI are not significantly altered by level and methods of PA supplementation. The diets supplemented with PA showed best (P<0.05) daily LWG, total gain and FCR (D2, D3, D4 and D5) versus to control diet (D1) . ruminal pH and NH 4 -N were significantly (P<0.05) affected by levels of PA and methods of supplementation. Ruminal acetic acid are not affected, while propionic acid was significantly (P<0.05) increased with diets supplemented with PA. Blood parameters were pointed out to, (P<0.05) differences among treatments. Diets supplemented with PA shown higher(P<0.05) Urea N, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT ) ) and lower (P<0.05) low density lipoprotein (LDL) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) as compared with control diet (D1). In conclusion , supplementation of Awassi lambs diets with PA improved LWG, FCR, rumen fermentation rate and some blood parameters. Key Words: arginine, growth rate, rumen fermentation, blood parameters, lambs
Physiological responses of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to drought and waterlogging stresses: dry matter partitioning.

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) plants responded differently to drought and waterlogging. Plant and root dry weights (DW) were lower in both drought and waterlogging conditions than in well-watered conditions, but the lowest values were obtained under waterlogging. However, the root weight ratio (RWR: root dry weight per unit of plant dry weight) did not show significant changes in any treatments. Leaf area (LA) and specific leaf area (SLA) were higher in drought than in waterlogging, but drought and control treatments showed no significant differences. Conversely, specific leaf weight (SLW) and relative water content (RWC) were higher under waterlogging than drought. However, between control and waterlogging conditions, no a significant difference in RWC values emerged. In addition, the number of leaves and height of plants remained unchanged in all treatments. The lowest content of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b was observed in waterlogging conditions while between control and drought treatments there were no significant differences. Chlorophyll a/b ratio remained unchanged in all treatments. Leaf nitrogen content, expressed per unit of leaf dry weight (N(subscript m)), was lower in control plants and remained unchanged under drought and waterlogging conditions. However, when it was expressed per unit of leaf area (N(subscript a)), waterlogging produced the highest value. In addition, soluble protein content was also higher in waterlogging than in control and drought conditions. Proline content was higher under drought than in control and waterlogging conditions; however, there was no a significant difference between control and waterlogging treatments. Between control and drought treatments there were no differences in starch, sucrose or fructose contents. Glucose and total soluble sugar contents were higher under drought than in well-watered conditions. However, the highest amounts of soluble sugars and starch were found in waterlogging. Relationships between soil water surplus and quinoa growth are discussed.
Innate Immune Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Age-associated Changes

vi Chapter 1: Introduction and Background . 1 1.1 Epidemiology and significance . 3 1.2 Innate immunity . 6 1.3 Immunobiology of RSV . 11 1.4 Therapeutic options for RSV infections . 13 1.5 Inflammatory responses to RSV infection . 13 1.6 Concluding remarks . 15 Chapter 2: General Methods . 17 2.1 Cells and viruses . 18 2.2 Mice . 20 2.3 Protein analysis . 21 2.4 Nucleic acid analysis.23 2.5 Immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry . 25 Chapter 3: RSV-mediated Evasion of Host Innate Immunity . 27 Note to reader . 27 3.
Character association and path coefficient analysis in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) genotypes under Kashmir conditions

Twenty-five genotypes of lettuce were used to study the association between yield, yield attributes and quality characters during 2006 and 2007. The genotypic correlations were higher than the corresponding phenotypic ones for most of the characters implying inherent relationship among them. Leaf yield per plant was found significantly and positively correlated with plant spread, number of leaves per plant and leaf area in the both seasons, and plant height, average leaf weight, duration of picking in winter only, while it was significantly negative correlated with days to first picking. Path analysis revealed that number of leaves per plant and average leaf weight had maximum direct effect on leaf yield in both the seasons. The plant spread, number of leaves per plant and leaf area exhibited significant positive correlation and also most of them had either direct or indirect effect on leaf yield emerged as important components contributing leaf yield and selection primarily based on these characters may results in development of high yielding genotypes. The other characters viz, plant height, average leaf weight and duration of picking which shows significant correlation and positive direct effect on leaf yield during winter may also be considered during selection as lettuce being a winter season crop, selection should be done in its main growing season.
Spikelet sterility of rice observed in the record hot summer of 2007 and the factors associated with its variation (Special Issue : Rice in hot summers)

Heat-induced spikelet sterility is one of the major threats to rice production from global warming. Previous chamber experiments have shown that even a short exposure to heat can induce spikelet sterility, but actual damage to a crop in the open field has rarely been reported. In the mid-summer of 2007, the Kanto and Tokai regions in Japan experienced record high temperatures above 40°C. We examined whether this extreme heat event induced sterility in open fields. We collected panicle samples from 132 fields in 5 prefectures in the Kanto and Tokai regions. Maximum air temperature averaged over a 5-day period around the heading stage exceeded the threshold for sterility (35°C) in more than 40% of the crops surveyed. Spikelet sterility ranged from 2% to 23%, and was more than 10% in 20% of the crops studied. Spikelet sterility in 2007 was apparently higher than that in the normal summer of 2008 and peaked with the heat wave, which confirms for the first time that extreme heat in midsummer induced sterility under open field conditions in Japan, but to a lesser extent than what was predicted from previous chamber experiments. The lesson from this survey is that air temperature per se is not sufficient to predict the occurrence of heat-induced sterility and that factors influencing the heat budget of the panicles are needed to account for the crop damage. Crop management practices such as selection of tolerant cultivars and optimizing the timing and amount of nitrogen application could moderate the occurrence of heat induced spikelet sterility which can help to develop adaptation measures to climate change.
The Contro of Esca : Status and Perspectives

The development of an effective control strategy for esca greatly depends on major progress in understanding the disease biology and epidemiology. Experimental trials were carried out in vineyards and single infected vines in order to evaluate the effectiveness of different fungicides, application methods and cultural practices in controlling esca: experiences with sodium arsenite, dinitro-orthocresol, fosetyl Al, triazoles and first attempts with Trichoderma are discussed. Ongoing trials show promising results with fosetyl Al activity against Phaeoacremonium spp. under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, with the prospect of a favourable effect on esca control. Research is now being focused on the potential of a control strategy to prevent or reduce the establishment and development of the disease. The management of esca should be based on the age of the plant, the stage of the infection as well as the degree of spread of the disease.
Phobic and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: Theory, Research, and Practice

In the last decade, the literature of phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorders has increased enormously. In view of this explosive growth it becomes increasingly difficult for the practitioner to keep abreast of important developments that have led to significant changes in treat ment procedures. The purpose of this volume is to present a critical account of the current status of theory, research, and practice in the field of phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorders. More specifically, this book attempts to bridge the gap between theory, laboratory investiga tion, and application. For purposes of clarity the volume has been divided into several parts. Parts I and II provide, it is hoped, a reasonably comprehensive account of the theory and research relevant to the etiology, assessment, and treatment of these disorders. Part I deals with phobic disorders and Part II with obsessive-compulsive disorders. The third part of the text is devoted to the clinical management of these disorders. The opening chapter deals with phenomenology, classification, and prevalence of the various disorders. In addition, the status of analog research vis-a-vis clinical research is discussed. The chapters on etiology discuss the many variables inherent in a comprehensive theory of the development of phobic (Chapter 2) and obsessive-compulsive behavior (Chapter 6). An explicit effort has been made to extend the discussion beyond the boundaries oflearning theory. Attention is devoted to examining the contributions from other areas (e.g., biological, cognitive, psychoanalytical). "
Field and Laboratory Studies of the Fungus Mycoleptodiscus Terrestris as a Potential Agent for Management of the Submersed Aquatic Macrophyte Hydrilla Verticillata.

Abstract : Laboratory and field studies were undeflaken to assess the potential of a fungal pathogen as a biocontrol agent for the management of Hydrilla verticillata (L. fil.) Royle. The pathogen previously reported to be Macrophornina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid was positively identified as a strain of Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Gerd.) Ostazeski. Laboratory tests reconfirmed that M. terrestris produced characteristic disease symptoms on hydrilla tissues followed by a significant reduction in aboveground biomass. Assessment of M. terrestris in a field situation was conducted on hydrilla-planted ponds at the Lewisville Aquatic Ecosystem Research Facility. Aboveground biomass of the host plant was significantly reduced 4 weeks postinoculation with a mycelial matrix of the fungus.
Effects of Different Maternal Positions during Non-Stress Test on Maternofetal Physiological Parameters

Aim of the study to compare effects of different maternal positions during non-stress test on maternofetal physiological parameters. Setting: the current study was conducted at fetal monitoring room of obstetrics and gynecology department, Benha University hospital. Sample: A purposive sample of 72 women was recruited according to inclusion criteria. Three tools were used for data collection 1) A structured interview questionnaire. 2) Maternal-fetal physiological parameters sheet. 3) Visual analogue scale of maternal discomfort. Results: There were a highly statistically significant difference in maternal physiological parameters (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate) in the three positions during the non-stress test (p=0.000). Number of accelerations and number of fetal movements in left lateral position was significantly higher than supine and semi fowler positions (p=0.030) and (p=0.133) respectively. Mean time taken for first fetal movement, and reactive non-stress test are significantly less in left lateral position compared to supine and semi fowler positions (p=0.000). Almost the studied women showed moderate variability in the three positions. A highly statistically significant difference regarding discomfort during non-stress test the three positions (p=0.000). Conclusion: The left lateral and semi-fowler positions during non-stress test demonstrated favorable maternofetal physiological parameters and women felt more comfortable than in supine position. The study recommended left lateral and semi-fowler positions can be encouraged as alternative positions during non-stress test.
Influence of walnut cultivar on infestation by Rhagoletis completa: behavioural and management implications

The walnut husk fly, Rhagoletis completa Cresson (Diptera: Tephritidae), has recently invaded Switzerland, Austria, Germany, and France, probably crossing the alpine divide after its initial introduction into Italy. Here, the susceptibility of 36 walnut [Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae)] cultivars to attack by R. completa was studied in an experimental orchard in Switzerland. Walnut cultivars differed significantly in infestation rates; cultivars that produced large, heavy fruit harboured significantly more larvae than cultivars that produced smaller fruit. Pupal weight was significantly influenced by cultivar, but not by any of the physical properties that we measured. For individual fruit within a cultivar, pupal weight was weakly related to fruit weight and infestation level. Adult longevity was correlated with pupal weight and appeared to be favoured in flies that developed in large‐fruit cultivars. The longevities of adults recovered from different cultivars differed significantly. The shortest longevity was recorded for flies recovered from Geisenheim 1049 (39.2 ± 2.80 days) and the longest for flies recovered from Sheinovo (68.8 ± 21.75 days). Differences in diapause length were also highly significant and varied between 167 ± 5.1 (Esterhazy III) and 257.4 ± 8.21 days (Mayette). These results suggest that (1) across and within cultivars, walnut husk flies prefer to infest (i.e., they develop better in) large, heavy fruit, and (2) offspring that develop in large fruit are likely to accrue fitness advantages over the offspring of females using smaller fruit. Our results provide the basis for subsequent studies on resource defence by males, as they enable a prediction of which type of fruit males should defend more vigorously.
Molecular Identifcation of 16S rRNA gene in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Wounds and Burns by PCR Technique and Study Resistance of Fusidic acid

Thirty six samples were collected from patient suffering from wounds and burns in Baghdad Hospitals . The samples were analyzed for the presence ofStaphylococcus aureus. Ten positive samples screened by phenotypic microbiological and Biochemical tests and genotypic by DNA extracted from all isolates and the PCR carried out using 16S rRNA gene for S. aureus. In this method for identifying and confrmed all the staphylococcal isolates as S. aureus.The present study was carried out in an attempt to detect the distribution of antibiotic-resistant and we have tried to cover the ever increasing problems facing the treatment and containment of bacterial skin infections.Therefore we are studySusceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to antibiotics . The results showed relatively high resistance to MethcillinME ,Amoxicillin-Clavilonicacid, Azithromycin with frequencies of 100%, 100% and 70% respectively and moderate resistance to Vancomycin VA, Amikacin AK with frequencies of 60% and 62% respectively, low resistance to Fusidic acid with frequencies of 30% because that we determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration for Fusidic acid ,the isolates incorporated in this test were those have intermediate resistant to Fusidic acid.
Role of KLF4 in regulation of myocardin induced SMC differentiation in human smooth muscle stem progenitor cells (hSMSPC)

Role of KLF4 in regulation of myocardin induced SMC differentiation in human smooth muscle stem progenitor cells (hSMSPC) Author(s) Govindarajan, Kalaimathi Publication date 2013 Original citation Govindarajan, K. 2013. Role of KLF4 in regulation of myocardin induced SMC differentiation in human smooth muscle stem progenitor cells (hSMSPC). PhD Thesis, University College Cork. Type of publication Doctoral thesis Rights © 2013, Kalaimathi Govindarajan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Spatial and Temporal Variation in Otolith Chemistry of Juvenile Atlantic Menhaden in the Chesapeake Bay

AbstractThe Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus is an important component of the estuarine and nearshore fish assemblages in the mid-Atlantic region. It serves as a forage species for many piscivorous fish, birds, and marine mammals as well as being subject to an important commercial fishery. Currently there is concern over low standing stocks and recruitment, yet few studies have addressed those concerns. We evaluated the effectiveness of using an otolith chemistry approach to identify juvenile menhaden nursery areas throughout the Chesapeake Bay over 2 years. If successful, an otolith chemistry approach is capable of addressing a number of hypotheses regarding the source and fate of recruits in a stock. We found multiple unique otolith chemistry signatures in menhaden collected in the Chesapeake Bay. Overall correct classification was 85% for the 2005 cohort and 95% for the 2006 cohort. The ratios of most trace element: Ca and stable isotope ratios were different among areas. In addition to spatial di.
Preferences of Bactrocera cucurbitae （ Diptera： Tephritidae） to different colors： a quantitative investigation using virtual wavelength

Various colors have been used as visual cues to trap insect pests. For example,yellow traps for monitoring and controlling of the fruit flies have been used for a very long time. However,the chromatic cue of using color traps has never been quantitatively investigated. To reveal which wavelengths are most attractive to the fly,experiments were conducted to evaluate the preferences of Bactrocera cucurbitae to different colors. In this study,RGB values and virtual wavelengths were converted each other based on Dan Bruton’s wavelength to RGB function. Eight color papers were printed by color printer based on RGB values [( 0,213,255) ,( 0,255,146) ,( 54,255,0) ,( 129,255,0) , ( 195,255,0) ,( 255,255,0) ,( 255,190,0) and ( 255,119,0) ]and were chosen to test the color preference of the melon fly,Bactrocera cucurbitae in an octagon maze,and their equivalent wavelengths were 480 nm,500 nm,520 nm,540 nm,560 nm,580 nm,560 nm,and 600 nm,respectively. The color papers with the spectrum between 520 - 560 nm showed higher attractiveness than the others,and that with the spectrum of 540 nm ( chartreuse green,with RGB values of 129,255,0) showed the highest attractive rate. In addition,field preference experiment was done to confirm the effect of the chartreuse green color. The results suggest that chartreuse green stimuli ( spectrum 540 nm) should be a crucial cue to attract B. cucurbitae,and chartreuse green sticky traps could be a useful device for monitoring and managing B. cucurbitae.
Effects of disease on the physiology of the growing plant.

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Effect of Cultural Distance on Pragmatic Comprehension and Production.

National cultural distance is considered to be a strong predictor of language learners’ pragmatic competence. To test the actual effect of national cultural distance on pragmatic competence holistically and comprehension and production aspects of pragmatic competence discretely, the current study was conducted on two groups of undergraduate student of English: 24 German students considered culturally close to Britons as target language community and 28 South Korean students considered culturally distant from Britons. A 24-item pragmatic comprehension test developed by Taguchi (2007, 2008) was used to measure language learners’ pragmatic comprehension ability. A discourse completion task developed by Bardovi-Harlig (2009) was also used to measure language learners’ pragmatic production ability. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed the significant positive effect of national cultural distance on pragmatic competence holistically and comprehension and production aspects of pragmatic competence discretely. The pedagogical implications of the findings suggested incorporating target language pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic features into class instruction and providing abundant opportunities for language learners to be exposed to pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic features of the target language. Keywords: Cultural Distance, Pragmatic Competence, Pragmatic Comprehension, Pragmatic Production
Response of Boreal Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) Stands to a Gradient of Commercial Thinning Intensities, with and without N Fertilization

This study examines tree and stand response to a gradient of commercial thinning intensities and nitrogen fertilization (200 kg N ha−1) in nine jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stands of Eastern Canada over a period of 14 years. Thinning intensity ranged from 0% basal area removal in control plots to 64% in thinned plots. Tree diameter increment, absolute and relative volume increment and mean volume increased with thinning intensity and were higher in fertilized plots. Individual tree response depended on tree diameter, with smallest trees exhibiting highest relative volume increment to thinning intensity. Stand basal area increment was positively associated to initial stand basal area and negatively to stand age. In thinned and fertilized plots, stand volume increment was higher and natural mortality lower than in fertilized only and unfertilized control plots over the 5–14 year period after thinning. However, the positive effect of fertilization on tree volume increment decreased with thinning intensity. Despite positive individual tree growth responses to thinning and fertilization, residual stand volume increment decreased with increased thinning intensity in both fertilized and unfertilized plots. While total cumulative stand volume (harvested + residual) also decreased with thinning intensity in unfertilized plots, comparable total volumes were observed in fertilized + thinned and unthinned control plots. Nitrogen fertilization in the years following commercial thinning enhanced the benefit of thinning on these relatively poor sites by increasing tree diameter growth, lowering mortality, and increasing total stand merchantable volume compared to unfertilized thinned stands.
Eukaryotic Gene Regulation

1. Levels of Regulation 2. Cis and Trans Elements 3. Analysis Cis/Trans Elements 4. Mechanisms of Activation/Repression A. Chromatin Modification and remodeling B. Interaction with preinitiation complex 5. Example of Regulation A. Yeast Gal System B. Steroid Regulation Levels of Regulation 1. Transcription 2. RNA Processing 3. Export from Nucleus 4. Turn over of RNA 5. Translation 6. Post-translational modification