Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community Perception Regarding Maternity Service Provision in Public Health Institutions in 2018 and 2019: A Qualitative Study

Background In the perspective of health care, community perception is defined as a combination of experiences, expectations and perceived needs. The community and client’s perception of health services seem to have been largely ignored by health-care providers in developing countries. There is a knowledge gap about communities’ perception and perspective of maternal health. If the community’s perception is known, the quality of maternity care may be improved, maternal morbidity and mortality could be decreased, and the overall health of the mother can be improved. The aim of this study was to explore community’s perception of maternity service provision in public health institutions. Methods A qualitative study with the underpinning philosophy of phenomenology was conducted in five subcities of Mekelle city, Ethiopia. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDSs) with participants who are residing in Mekelle city and who experienced maternity service as a client or as attendants were conducted to collect the necessary information. Using a semi-structured tool that has been translated into the local language, collected data were analyzed thematically using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software ATLAS version 7. Qualitative data were transcribed through replaying the tape recorded interview from IDIs and FGDs. The text was carefully read and similar ideas were organized together. The participant's inductive meanings were extracted verbatim and described in narratives. The researcher and research assistants independently transcribed participant's comments verbatim to confirm the reliability of the findings. Results Participants reported that maternal health services in public health institutions were negative. Participants described experiencing poor staff attitude, lack of prescribed drugs in the institutional pharmacies, long waiting time, family proximity by professionals, poor attention to women during labor, lack of privacy and mistreatment made them develop a negative perception towards public health institutions. Despite these complaints, participants acknowledged public health facilities for affordable, accessible, qualified personnel and usually stocked with quality medications and equipment. Conclusion This study revealed that the community has a negative perception of the maternal health services in the public health institutions. The main reasons for their negative perception were poor staff attitude, unavailability of prescribed drugs in the institutional pharmacies, long waiting time, family proximity by professionals, poor attention to women during labor, lack of privacy and mistreatment.
Geostatistical analysis of soil mechanical properties in Ardabil plain of Iran

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to estimate the spatial distribution of penetration resistance (PR), Proctor maximum bulk density (MBD) and critical water content (CWC) as soil mechanical indices. Soil samples to determine sand, silt, clay, organic carbon (OC), CaCO3, bulk and particle density, total porosity, field water content, MBD and CWC values were collected. Field measurements of PR at 0–10 cm depth were taken from 105 geo-referenced points with 3000 × 3000 m intervals in agricultural lands of Ardabil plain, Iran. Ordinary kriging (OK) and inverse distance weighting (IDW) methods were used to analyze spatial variability of PR, MBD and CWC. The strongest spatial dependences with the lowest ranges of influence were found for OC (7560 m) and MBD (8370 m). The models of fitted semivariograms were Gaussian for PR and MBD, and exponential for CWC. The moderate spatial dependences with the ranges of 13,300 and 40,100 m were found for CWC and PR, respectively. The best prediction according to Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient was obtained by OK for PR (0.48) and IDW for MBD (0.09) and CWC (0.03). These results can be applied in programming of optimum tillage operations for reducing soil compaction risk in the studied region.
Persistence and Nonpersistence of East and Southeast Asian Rainfall Anomaly Pattern From Spring to Summer

The present study analyzes the connection of rainfall anomalies over East and Southeast Asia between spring and summer. Spatial patterns of contrasting rainfall anomalies between East Asia and the Indochina Peninsula are identified in both spring and summer. The persistence of more rainfall over East Asia and less rainfall over the Indochina Peninsula from spring to summer is associated with the maintenance of an anomalous low‐level anticyclone over the tropical western North Pacific. Further analysis shows that this anomalous anticyclone is attributed to the combined effects of persisting positive sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the tropical Indian Ocean and negative SSTAs in the subtropical western Pacific. In contrast, in the nonpersistent rainfall anomaly years, the anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific displaces southward from spring to summer. One factor accounting for such a change is the dissipation of the negative SSTAs in the subtropical western Pacific from spring to summer, which weakens the SST forcing on the western North Pacific anticyclone. The other factor is an atmospheric wave train associated with the negative SSTAs in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean. The atmospheric wave train propagates eastward across the Eurasian continent and reaches East Asia. The wave pattern contributes to the development and southward displacement of an anomalous cyclone over East Asia, which causes a southward shift in the western North Pacific anticyclone. The effect of the North Atlantic negative SSTAs on the atmospheric wave pattern is supported by numerical experiments.
A machine learning framework for domain generating algorithm based malware detection

Real‐time detection of domain names that are generated using the domain generating algorithms (DGA) is a challenging cyber security challenge. Traditional malware control methods, such as blacklisting, are insufficient to handle DGA threats. In this paper, a machine learning framework for identifying and detecting DGA domains is proposed to alleviate the threat. The proposed machine learning framework consists of a two‐level model. In the two‐level model, the DGA domains are classified apart from normal domains and then the clustering method is used to identify the algorithms that generate those DGA domains.
Regulation of Kisspeptin-expressing Neurons and Stimulatory Mode of Action of Kisspeptin in Immortalized Hypothalamic Cell Models

Fertility is a highly regulated process dependent on the orchestration of hypothalamic neuropeptides and peripheral hormones, which converge on GnRH neurons in the HPG axis. Kisspeptin and its receptor, Gpr54 have emerged as fundamental gatekeepers of reproduction, acting upstream of GnRH neurons. Kiss neurons have been found to express estrogen receptors, Gpr54 and the GnIH receptor, Gpr147. We have generated immortalized, murine hypothalamic cell lines to investigate mechanisms of gene transcription in kisspeptin-expressing neuronal cell models. We show using qRT-PCR and western blot analyses that kisspeptin-expressing neuronal models are targets for gonadal steroids and hypothalamic neuropeptides. Further, using a novel GnRH-secreting cell line, we report that GnRH neurons expressing Gpr54 and Gpr47 are stimulated by kisspeptin, although suppressed by a kisspeptin/GnIH cotreatnent. Overall, these studies expand our knowledge of the regulation of Kiss neurons by estradiol, kisspeptin and GnIH, improving our understanding of kisspeptin as a modulator of GnRH neurons.
P63 expression profile in uterine cervical lesions

is a member of the p53 gene family. It plays an essential role in the normal development of the cervix. This study aimed to assess p63 expression in different cervical lesions and the correlation between their expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplastic changes and invasive cervical cancer. Methods: A total of 62 cervical tissues were performed for p63 immunostaining, including 15 samples of non-neoplastic reactive cervicitis, 27 cervical intraepithelial neoplastic changes, and 15 invasive cervical cancer cases as well as five samples of normal cervical tissue as control. Results: P63 in normal cervical squamous epithelium had restricted staining pattern in the nuclei of basal cells. Reactive cervicitis staining ranged from restricted staining pattern in basal cells to mild increase in staining intensity involving upper parabasal cells. P63 was positive in all CIN lesions, and staining intensity increased significantly with increasing severity of cervical intraepithelial lesions compared with non-neoplastic epithelium. All cervical squamous cell carcinoma had high staining intensity while adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma were stained negative. Conclusion: P63 can be used as a marker for the distinction between reactive cervicitis and cervical intraepithelial changes. It is also of value for grading of CIN lesions and differentiation between squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and small cell carcinoma.
Impact of Glycine Betaine on Salinity Tolerance of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under In Vitro Condition

Abstract Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), with great potential as a natural sweeteners source, has a high content of sweeteners, which are up to 150 times sweeter than sugar, but virtually with no calories. Stevia also suitable to be cultivated in semiarid climates and coastal areas, which are characterized by the low quality of the irrigation water. Soil salinity occupies a prominent place among the soil problems that threaten the sustainability of agriculture over a vast area in the world. Glycine betaine is an osmoprotectant, that plays an important role and accumulates rapidly in many plants during salinity or drought stress. In order to evaluation of glycine betaine amending effects on salinity stress in stevia under in vitro condition, a factorial experiment was conducted in 2015. Four NaCl levels, including 0, 50, 75 and 100 mM, along with 0, 1, 12.5, 25 and 50 mM of glycine betaine concentrations were used in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The results showed that salinity levels had significant reduction effects on plant height, root length, shoot fresh weight, number of leaf, total chlorophyll, rebaudioside A and stevioside of the stevia genotype. Due to increasing of glycine betaine, levels all the traits were increased. Owing to amending effect of glycine betaine, its high concentrations made less hazarding effects of salinity on the researched traits. The highest mean value of rebaudioside A (10.62rt) and stevioside (23.38rt) determined at 50 mM of glycine betaine with 0 mM of NaCl concentration.
Qamface: Quadratic Additive Angular Margin Loss For Face Recognition

The angular-based softmax losses and their variants achieve great success in face recognition based on deep learning. ArcFace [1] which directly maximize decision boundary in angular space is one of the most popular and effective loss function. In this paper, we analyze the inherent limitations of ArcFace, including the non-monotonic logit and gradient curve, and inappropriate trend of loss value. To address these problems, we propose a novel loss function named the Quadratic Additive Angular Margin Loss (QAMFace). It takes the value of the angle through a quadratic function rather than cosine function as the target logit. Our QAMFace is easy to implement and only adds negligible computational overhead. Experiments on several relevant benchmarks show that QAMFace performs better in convergence on feature embedding, and consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art face recognition methods. Our codes will be released soon.1
A Differential Motivation Account for the Disparity between Willingness to Accept and Willingness to Pay

We take a motivated reasoning perspective to examine the robust finding that a seller’s willingness to accept (WTA) to give up a good is typically higher than a buyer’s willingness to pay (WTP) to obtain the good. We propose that the seller/buyer role and/or the WTA/WTP elicitation activate different motivations. Four studies, using different ways to test for motivational processes, demonstrate how motivational processes influence the WTA-WTP disparity in a predictable and systematic way. Study 1 shows that the WTA/WTP elicitation activates distinct motivations, and that altering the medium of exchange reverses the motivations. Study 2 shows that eliciting WTA/WTP using an auction mechanism activates multiple motivations, attenuating the WTA-WTP disparity. Study 3 demonstrates that activating regulatory focus that is inconsistent (vs. consistent) with the motivation activated by the WTA/WTP elicitation attenuates the WTA-WTP disparity. Study 4 demonstrates that WTA/WTP elicitation may bias perceptions of an ambiguous stimulus and that the WTA-WTP disparity increases with delay. Together, our findings provide new insights into the valuation of sellers and buyers by highlighting the role of motivational processes underlying the WTA-WTP disparity.
Challenges of higher education institutions against COVID-19: The case of Turkey

The global COVID-19 outbreak has caused an anxious situation in every part of society and forced many countries to implement distance education programs without even knowing the fundamental components involved in the processes and the consequences of their decisions. Likewise, in Turkey, it is still uncertain as to what will be taught, what instructional technologies will be employed, how infrastructural inequalities will be addressed, and how assessment and evaluation activities will be conducted. In this context, the purpose of this study was (a) to examine the experiences and opinions of academics, Distance Education Center managers, students, and parents and (b) offer solutions to emerging issues. In doing so, a qualitative research approach was employed, and the study was designed as a phenomenology. The data were collected from 175 individuals from 20 universities through Google Forms. The second cycle coding methods were employed in the analysis. The results indicated that COVID-19 had mostly psychological effects on individuals, and it affected every level of education at varying degrees. The pandemic reminded us how hopelessly we are dependent on traditional means of instruction by rendering us unable to use them. Since the beginning of the outbreak, many higher education institutions have been trying to implement distance education; however, the quality of instruction is rather questionable. This situation threatens the quality of learning outcomes and if not approached with due diligence, results could be catastrophic. Also, this mandatory transition to distance education has made the difference between the experienced and inexperienced academics more apparent. In light of the results, recommendations were provided for national and international policymakers. As long as the recommendations were implemented, all higher education stakeholders could attain the required knowledge and skills, and, in return, the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic could be alleviated.
Extrapair paternity in two populations of the socially monogamous Thorn‐tailed Rayadito Aphrastura spinicauda (Passeriformes: Furnariidae)

Abstract Studies on extrapair paternity (EPP) are key to understanding the ecological and evolutionary drivers of variation in avian mating strategies, but information is currently lacking for most tropical and subtropical taxa. We describe the occurrence of EPP in two populations of a South American socially monogamous bird, the Thorn‐tailed Rayadito, based on data from 266 broods and 895 offspring that were sampled during six breeding seasons in north‐central and southern Chile. In the northern population, 21% of the broods contained at least one extrapair young and 14% of all offspring were sired by an extrapair male, while in the southern population, we detected extrapair offspring (EPO) in 14% of the broods, and 6% of all offspring were EPO. Variation in the frequency of EPP could stem from population differences in the duration of the breeding season or the density of breeding individuals. Other factors such as differences in breeding synchrony and variation in food availability need to be evaluated. More reports on EPP rates are necessary to determine the patterns of taxonomic and geographic variation in mating strategies in Neotropical birds, and to better understand the differences in ecological dynamics between northern and southern hemisphere populations.
Macamides present in the commercial maca (Lepidium meyenii) products and the macamide biosynthesis affected by postharvest conditions

Abstract Macamides are bioactive and marker compounds of maca (Lepidium meyenii). Thirty-five commercial maca products were surveyed for macamide composition and content by HPLC-UV/MS. Significant variations of macamide content were found in these products (69–2738 μg/g). Analysis of the macamide biosynthetic pathway suggests that: (a) glucosinolate catabolism, (b) lipid hydrolysis, and (c) amide formation are key steps controlling macamide accumulation in the tissues during the postharvest drying process. Therefore, we further investigated the effects of sample forms, drying temperatures, and storage times on macamide accumulation. Our results show that (1) powdered maca provided the largest macamide accumulation followed by sliced hypocotyls, while whole roots displayed a significantly reduced amide-generating potential; (2) the ideal temperature for macamide formation is about 30°C; (3) macamide content increases continuously along with storage time; (4) exposure to air results in the percentage of unsaturated macamides decreasing. These findings provide useful insights which can be applied in the industrial manufacture of maca products with higher content of bioactive amides.
The Beautiful Complexity of Human Prosociality: On the Interplay of Honesty-Humility, Intuition, and a Reward System

Human prosociality is a fascinating and complex phenomenon. The present research takes this complexity into account by examining the interplay of three prominent factors that past research has shown to promote prosocial behavior. In two studies (total N = 1,799), we tested the impact of (a) a basic prosocial personality trait (the Honesty-Humility dimension from the HEXACO personality model), (b) intuitive decision making, and (c) the possibility of being rewarded (i.e., a reward system) in the emergence of prosocial behavior (i.e., dictator game giving). Replicating previous research, we found that (1) a reward system increased prosocial behavior and (2) Honesty-Humility was positively related to prosocial behavior. In addition, given that there was no reward system, we show that intuition (vs. a control condition) reduced prosocial behavior in individuals low in Honesty-Humility, whereas no effect was found for individuals high in Honesty-Humility. Implications for the understanding of prosocial behavior are discussed.
Quality of life of women working from home in COVID-19 lockdown: a questionnaire survey

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome. It was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and has resulted in an ongoing pandemic. The first case may be traced back to 17 November 2019. As of 11 June 2020, more than 7.36 million cases have been reported across 188 countries and territories, resulting in more than 416000 deaths. More than 3.45 million people have recovered. On 31 December 2019, China informed the World Health Organisation (WHO) about the number of patients with symptoms of respiratory illness of unknown cause.
Effect of fungicide combinations for Fusarium head blight control on disease incidence, grain yield, and quality of winter wheat, spring wheat, and barley

Abstract: This study investigates the effects of timing of fungicide applications alone or in combinations on Fusarium head blight (FHB), seed deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations, dominant leaf diseases, grain yield, and thousand-kernel weight in winter wheat, spring wheat, and barley in the Atlantic region of Canada. The experiments were conducted for 3 yr (2010–2012), with fungicide treatment as the main factor. Selected commercially available fungicide treatments were applied at two timings: (i) Zadoks growth stage (ZGS) 39: check, propiconazole + trifloxystrobin (125 g ha-1), propiconazole (125 g ha-1), and pyraclostrobin (100 g ha-1); and (ii) ZGS 60: check, prothioconazole (200 g ha-1), prothioconazole + tebuconazole (200 g ha-1), and metaconazole (90 g ha-1). Results show that a single fungicide application was not sufficient to achieve a high yield with good seed quality. Reduction of visual FHB infection due to fungicide applications did not guarantee a reduction in seed DON concentrations. Fungicide application pyraclostrobin at ZGS 39 and prothioconazole + tebuconazole at ZGS 60 was the best treatment, consistently providing the highest crop yield and seed quality, including lowered DON.
The Common Agricultural Policy and the Increased Competitiveness of Spanish Regional Agriculture

The cycle of the Common Agricultural Policy reforms begun in 1992 and that finished, for the time being, in 2013, profoundly transformed the agricultural framework of the EU. Taken as a whole, the process consisted of the progressive, partial and asymmetric liberalization of European agriculture, since much more emphasis was placed on dismantling intervention mechanisms than on aiding the restructuring, modernization and adaptation to a more competitive environment. In this context, and with an increasingly more open commercial policy, the States and the regions are obliged to design strategies to increase their competitiveness and innovation within the framework of the current Common Agricultural Policy (2014-2020). This is even more important for the regions most affected by the reforms. Under this argument, this paper reveals the principal qualitative and quantitative unknowns of the regional agricultural policy in Spain after the application of the Health Check in 2008, with special emphasis on the evolution of the Axis 1 of Rural Development.
High-temperature oxidation of transient-liquid phase bonded Ni-based alloys in 1 bar and 250 bar carbon dioxide

ABSTRACT Compact microchannel heat exchanger designs for supercritical CO2 power cycles are valued for equipment size reduction and increased heat transfer. They can be fabricated via transient-liquid phase (TLP) bonding, which utilises a lower melting point interlayer for bonding facilitation of etched thin plates. Haynes 230 and 282 TLP bonded stacks were exposed to high-purity CO2 at 1 bar/700 °C to 4000 h and 250 bar/720 °C (supercritical) to 1500 h. All samples obeyed parabolic kinetics after an oxide build-up stage of 500–1000 h. Mass gains were similar for the base and TLP bonded alloys, and oxide thicknesses and scales did not significantly differ around the TLP bond regions. There were some slight oxide compositional differences for the H282 TLP samples at 250 bar. There was a slight pressure effect on mass gain, as samples exposed at the higher pressure experienced higher initial mass gains, but then slower continued oxide growth. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT