Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seminal characterization of the Amazonian fire-eye tetra Moenkhausia oligolepis (Günther, 1864)

Summary The seminal characteristics of Moenkhausia oligolepis are described. Three males were induced with a single dose of carp pituitary. Semen was collected 6 h after induction, and diluted in dibasic sodium phosphate extender solution. For motility analysis, 1 µl of diluted semen was added to 10 µl of distilled water to achieve gamete activation. The average duration of total motility was 76.67 s; while the average sperm motility rate at intervals of 15 s was 95.3, 85.3, 59.6, 31.7, 13.0, 4.6 and 1.2%. To determine sperm concentration in samples, 0.5 μl of semen was diluted with 500 μl of glutaraldehyde. An aliquot of 10 μl of this dilution was utilized for cell counting. An average count of 4.97 × 109 ± 3.46 sperm/ml was obtained. Morphological analyses were performed using eosin–nigrosine dye; 20.33% of the sperm were observed to be dead. Live sperm, comprising the other 79.67%, had an average length of approximately 30 µm, with a head diameter of 4.488 ± 0.7 µm; and a flagella plus mid-piece length of 26.071 ± 12.4 µm. Of those sperm, 69% had a normal morphology, while 31% had primary and secondary abnormalities. The observed abnormality rate did not have a detrimental effect on artificial fertilization potential for the species. The description of the seminal characteristics of a species is one of the most important sets of information required for artificial reproduction of fish in captivity. It also contributes significantly to the total biological knowledge of the studied species.
AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia.

T his document presents the of ﬁ cial recommendations of the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) on the gastrointestinal evaluation of iron de ﬁ ciency anemia (IDA). The guideline was developed by the AGA Institute ’ s Clinical Guidelines Committee and approved by the AGA Governing Board. It is accompanied by a technical review that provides a detailed synthesis of the evidence from which these recommendations were formulated. 1 For a better understanding of this guideline, we recommend reading the accompanying technical review. The technical review, guideline, and clinical decision support tool are available on the AGA website (www.gastro.org) free of cost. Development of this guideline and the accompanying technical review was fully funded by the AGA Institute without additional outside funding. Members of the Guideline Panel and Technical Review Panel were selected by the AGA Clinical Guidelines Committee Chair after careful consideration of all relevant con and in the National Medicine The
Thyroid cancer in the age of COVID-19.

COVID-19 has modified the way we practice medicine. For thyroid cancer, there have been several significant impacts. Firstly, diagnosis has been delayed due to social isolation, reduced access to investigations and staff redeployment. Secondly, treatment planning has needed to take into account the risk to patients and/or staff of nosocomial transmission of the virus. Finally, there are some specific concerns with respect to interactions between the virus, its treatments and cancer. This mini review aims to address each of these impacts and to provide some guidance and confidence to our patients and colleagues during this challenging time.
Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Maxilla: Prognosis of Oral Surgery Combined with Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) on the resolution of maxillary MRONJ (medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 62 patients diagnosed with MRONJ in the maxillary posterior area with or without maxillary sinusitis. All patients underwent oral surgery. The concomitant maxillary sinusitis was evaluated, and if indicated, FESS was performed on the same operation. Follow-up included clinical and radiological examinations at 4 months post operation. RESULTS Of the 62 patients, 24 (38.7%) showed no evidence of maxillary sinusitis and 38 (61.3%) showed maxillary sinusitis. Advanced MRONJ (stage 3), which has bony destruction of the sinus floor and signs of maxillary sinusitis according to its definition, was seen in 27 patients (43.5%). In stage 3 MRONJ, patients with combined treatment of oral surgery and FESS compared to those treated with oral surgery alone showed higher percentage of resolution (84.2%, 37.5%, respectively) at 4 months postoperatively, and the results were statistically significant. CONCLUSION Simultaneous management of MRONJ and sinusitis with combined treatment of oral surgery and FESS for the treatment of maxillary MRONJ can be an effective method, especially for advanced cases, to address its associated lesions.
Effects of N‐Acetylcysteine on the reproductive performance, oxidative stress and RNA sequencing of Nubian goats

Abstract N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) has been found to enhance the protective ability of cells to counter balance oxidative stress and inflammation. To investigate the effects of dietary NAC supplementation on the reproductive performance of goats, the reproductive performance and endometrial transcriptome of goats fed with diets with NAC (NAC group) and without NAC supplementation (control group) were compared. Results showed that the goats fed with 0.03% and 0.05% NAC had similar litter size, birth weight, nitric oxide (NO), sex hormones and amino acids levels compared with the goats of the control group. However, feeding with 0.07% NAC supplementation from day 0 to day 30 of gestation remarkably increased the litter size of goats. The goats of the 0.07% NAC group presented increased levels of NO relative to the control group, but their sex hormones and amino acids showed no differences. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 207 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the endometrium between the control and the 0.07% NAC groups. These DEGs included 146 upregulated genes and 61 downregulated genes in the 0.07% NAC group. They were primarily involved in the cellular response to toxic substances, oxidoreductase activity, immune receptor activity, signalling receptor binding, cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway and PPAR signalling pathway. In conclusion, results showed that dietary 0.07% NAC supplementation exerted a beneficial effect on the survival of goat embryos at the early pregnancy stage. Such positive outcome might be due to the increased NO production and affected expression of genes involved in the anti‐inflammation pathways of the endometrium.
Effects of a novel biodegredable implant system on a rat tibia fracture model.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effects of a novel biodegradable implant releasing platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) at the fracture site on fracture healing in a rat tibia fracture model. METHODS In this study, 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 300 and 350 g were used. The rats were divided into four groups: Group A (control group without any treatment, n=10), Group B (spacer without PDGF Group, n=10), Group C (spacer with PDGF group, n=10), and Group D (healthy rat Group, n=5). Standardized fractures were created in the right tibias of rats, and then biodegradable implants made of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy valerate were implanted at the fracture sites in Groups B and C. In Group C, implants were loaded with 600 ng of PDGF. Animals were sacrificed 30 days after the operation, and fracture healing in each group was assessed radiologically based on the Goldberg score. Furthermore, the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) callus diameters were measured macroscopically, and fracture sites were mechanically tested. RESULTS In the radiological assessment, Group C showed higher fracture healing rate than Groups A and B (p=0.001), whereas no significant difference was found between group C and Group D (p>0.05). In the macroscopic assessment, while Group C exhibited the thickest AP callus diameter (p=0.02), no significant differences in ML callus diameters existed among the groups (p>0.05). Mechanical testing revealed that Group C had higher torsional strength (p=0.001) and stiffness than Groups A and B (p=0.001) while there was no significant difference between Groups C and D (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Biodegradable implant releasing PDGF may have positive effects on fracture healing.
Hirsutella minnesotensis sp. nov., a new pathogen of the soybean cyst nematode'

Hirsutella minnesotensis, a new fungal spe- cies, was isolated and described from second-stage ju- veniles of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera gly- cines. The fungus can be distinguished from other species of Hirsutella by the strongly swollen base of conidiogenous cells and verrucose, globose conidia. The fungus is similar to Hirsutella thompsonii in col- ony morphology and conidium characteristics, but differs from Hi. thompsonii in that the new species has a strongly swollen base, a conspicuous swelling near the apex of conidiogenous cells, and larger co- nidia. The fungus is a pathogen of He. glycines and may have potential as a biological control agent.
Agreement on emotion labels' frequency in eight Spanish linguistic areas

Various traditions have investigated the relationship between emotion and language. For the basic emotions view, emotional prototypes are lexically sedimented in language, evidenced in cultural convergence in emotional recognition and expression tasks. For constructionist theories, conceptual knowledge supported by language is at the core of emotions. Understanding emotion words is embedded in various interrelated constructs such as emotional intelligence, emotion knowledge or emotion differentiation, and is related to, but different from, general vocabulary. A clear advantage of Emotion Vocabulary over most emotion-related constructs is that it can be measured objectively. In two successive corpus-based studies, we tested the predictions of concordance and absolute agreement on the frequency of use of a total of 100 Spanish emotion labels in the eight main Spanish-speaking areas: Spain, Mexico-Central America, River Plate, Continental Caribbean, Andean, Antilles, Chilean, and the United States. In both studies, the intraclass correlation coefficient was statistically different from the null and very large, over . 95, as was the Kendall's concordance coefficient, indicating broad consensus among the Spanish linguistic areas. From an applied perspective, our results provide supporting evidence for the similarity in frequency, and therefore cross-cultural generalizability regarding familiarity of the 100 emotion labels as item stems or as experimental stimuli without going through a process of additional adaptation. On a broader scope, these results add evidence on the role of language for emotion theories. In this regard, countries and regions compared here share the same Spanish language, but differ in several aspects in history, culture, and socio-economic structure.
Diagnostic Value of Mean Elasticity Index as a Quantitative Shear Wave Elastography Parameter for Prediction of Malignancy in Small Suspicious Solid Thyroid Nodules.

OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic accuracy of mean elasticity index (Emean) on quantitative shear wave elastography (SWE) in detection of malignancy in small solid suspected malignant thyroid nodules on ultrasound, taking histopathology as the gold standard. STUDY DESIGN Analytical study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Radiology, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS) and Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi from September 2017 to March 2018. METHODOLOGY Adult patients of either gender with suspected malignant thyroid nodules (solid, ≤10 mm) were subjected to SWE examination. All patients underwent thyroid surgery later. Histopathological findings were used as the gold standard for determining sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy, at a cut-off Emean of 66 kilo pascals (KPa). These values were further stratified for gender, age (below or above 40 years), single or multiple nodule(s), and known duration of nodules (more or less than 10 months). RESULTS The average age of 109 women (69.43%) and 48 men (30.57%, n=157) was 37.64 ±9.44 years. The mean nodule size was 6.83 ±3.16 mm. The overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of the studied parameter in detection of malignancy was 81.5%, 92.3%, 68.8%, 96% and 90.5%, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy was higher for females, age over 40 years, single nodule, and known duration for longer than 10 months. CONCLUSION Emean - a quantitative SWE parameter - showed high diagnostic accuracy in predicting thyroid malignancy, particularly in older adults with sub-cm solid nodules of more than 10 months duration. Where available, SWE should be used to complement routine thyroid ultrasonography, which may be helpful to reduce unnecessary intervention. Key Words: Mean elasticity index (Emean), Thyroid nodule, Malignancy, Shear wave elastography, Solid nodule.
Association or Causation? Exploring the Oral Microbiome and Cancer Links

Several epidemiological investigations have found associations between poor oral health and different types of cancer, including colorectal, lung, pancreatic, and oral malignancies. The oral health parameters underlying these relationships include deficient oral hygiene, gingival bleeding, and bone and tooth loss. These parameters are related to periodontal diseases, which are directly and indirectly mediated by oral bacteria. Given the increased accessibility of microbial sequencing platforms, many recent studies have investigated the link between the oral microbiome and these cancers. Overall, it seems that oral dysbiotic states can contribute to tumorigenesis in the oral cavity as well as in distant body sites. Further, it appears that certain oral bacterial species can contribute to carcinogenesis, in particular, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, based on results from epidemiological as well as mechanistic studies. Yet, the strength of the findings from these investigations is hampered by the heterogeneity of the methods used to measure oral diseases, the treatment of confounding factors, the study design, the platforms employed for microbial analysis, and types of samples analyzed. Despite these limitations, there is an overall indication that the presence of oral dysbiosis that leads to oral diseases may directly and/or indirectly contribute to carcinogenesis. Proper methodological standardized approaches should be implemented in future epidemiological studies as well as in the mechanistic investigations carried out to explore these results.
Low frequency of parental mosaicism in de novo COL4A5 mutations in X‐linked Alport syndrome

Alport syndrome is a progressive hereditary kidney disease clinically presenting with haematuria, proteinuria, and early onset end‐stage renal disease, and often accompanied by hearing loss and ocular abnormalities. The inheritance is X‐linked in the majority of families and caused by sequence variants in the COL4A5 gene encoding the α5‐chain of type‐IV collagen. The proportion of de novo COL4A5 sequence variants in X‐linked Alport syndrome has been reported between 12 and 15% in previous studies.
Phosphorylation ratio determination in fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue with targeted mass spectrometry.

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are routinely prepared and collected for diagnostics in pathology departments. These are, therefore, the most accessible research sources in pathology archives. In this study we investigated whether we can apply a targeted and quantitative parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) method for FFPE tissue samples in a sensitive and reproducible way. The feasibility of this technical approach was demonstrated for normal brain and glioblastoma multiforme tissues. Two methods were used: PRM measurement of a tryptic digest without phosphopeptide enrichment (Direct-PRM) and after Fe-NTA phosphopeptide enrichment (Fe-NTA-PRM). With these two methods, the phosphorylation ratio could be determined for four selected peptide pairs that originate from neuroblast differentiation-associated protein (AHNAK S5448-p), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta (CAMK2D T337-p), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B (EIF4B S93-p) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR S1166-p). In normal brain FFPE tissues, the Fe-NTA-PRM method enabled to quantify the targeted phosphorylated peptides with high reproducibility (CV < 14%). Our results indicate that formalin fixation does not impede relative quantification of a phospho-site and its phosphorylation ratio in FFPE tissues. The developed workflow combining these methods opens ways to study archival FFPE tissues for phosphorylation ratio determination in proteins.
Stability of food insecurity status in paediatric primary care

Abstract Objective: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends screening for food insecurity (FI) at all well-child visits due to well-documented negative effects of experiencing FI in childhood. Before age 3, children have twelve recommended primary care visits at which screening could occur. Little is known regarding the stability of FI status at this frequency of screening. Design: Data derived from electronic health records were used to retrospectively examine the stability of household FI status. Age-stratified (infant v. toddler) analyses accounted for age-based differences in visit frequency. Regression models with time since last screening as the predictor of FI transitions were estimated via generalised estimating equations adjusting for age and race/ethnicity. Setting: A paediatric primary care practice in Philadelphia. Participants: 3451 distinct patients were identified whose health record documented two or more household FI screens between April 1, 2012 and July 31, 2018 and were aged 0–3 years at first screen. Results: Overall, 9·5 % of patients had a transition in household FI status, with a similar frequency of transitioning from food insecure to secure (5·0 %) and from food secure to insecure (4·5 %). Families of toddlers whose last screen was more than a year ago were more likely to experience a transition to FI compared with those screened 0–6 months prior (OR 1·91 (95 % CI 1·05, 3·47)). Conclusions: Screening more than annually may not contribute substantially to the identification of transitions to FI.
Work, life, and the gender effect: Perspectives of ACVIM Diplomates in 2017. Part 2—The intersection of personal life and professional career

Abstract Background In the field of veterinary surgery, women neither marry nor have children at the same rate as men, and those who do may experience more career disruption as a result. The American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) is 1 of the few areas of specialized medicine that is predominantly female; it is unknown if such a demographic shift would produce a different environment for individuals cultivating their personal life. Hypothesis/Objectives To report data regarding subjective and objective aspects of the intersection of the personal and professional lives of Diplomates of the ACVIM. Sample Eight hundred ninety‐six surveys (781 completed) of ACVIM Diplomates, including cardiology, large and small animal internal medicine, neurology, and oncology. Methods An 82‐item online survey was distributed to ACVIM Diplomates via Diplomate college listservs. Participation was voluntary. Results Men were more likely to be married and have children than were women. Women had or adopted their first child at a later career stage compared with men, and agreed more strongly that career stage was an influential factor in family planning. Those with children worked fewer hours compared with those without, and this effect was greater among women. Women were more likely to require external childcare, but most men and women shared childcare responsibilities equally outside of working hours. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The intersection of personal and professional life differs between men and women in the ACVIM, which may create different needs, preferences, or barriers to work‐life balance in the workforce.
Residential green space and child intelligence and behavior across urban, suburban, and rural areas in Belgium: A longitudinal birth cohort study of twins

Background Exposure to green space has beneficial effects on several cognitive and behavioral aspects. However, to our knowledge, no study addressed intelligence as outcome. We investigated whether the level of urbanicity can modify the association of residential green space with intelligence and behavior in children. Methods and findings This study includes 620 children and is part of the East Flanders Prospective Twin Survey (EFPTS), a registry of multiple births in the province of East Flanders, Belgium. Intelligence was assessed with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) in 620 children (310 twin pairs) between 7 and 15 years old. From a subset of 442 children, behavior was determined based on the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Prenatal and childhood residential addresses were geocoded and used to assign green space indicators. Mixed modeling was performed to investigate green space in association with intelligence and behavior while adjusting for potential confounding factors including sex, age, parental education, neighborhood household income, year of assessment, and zygosity and chorionicity. We found that residential green space in association with both intelligence and behavior in children was modified by the degree of urbanicity (p < 0.001). In children living in an urban environment, multivariable adjusted mixed modeling analysis revealed that an IQR increment of residential green space (3,000-m radius) was associated with a 2.6 points (95% CI 1.4–3.9; p < 0.001) higher total intelligence quotient (IQ) and 2.0 points (95% CI −3.5 to −0.4; p = 0.017) lower externalizing behavioral score. In children residing in a rural or suburban environment, no association was found. A limitation of this study is that no information was available on school location and the potential for unmeasured confounding (e.g., time spend outdoors). Conclusions Our results indicate that residential green space may be beneficial for the intellectual and the behavioral development of children living in urban areas. These findings are relevant for policy makers and urban planners to create an optimal environment for children to develop their full potential.