Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ARIES imaging polarimeter

An Imaging Polarimeter has been fabricated for use with liquid- N2cooledCCDcameraandisdesignedtosuit104-cmSampurnanandtelescope with an f/13 focus at Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES),NainiTal. Theinstrumentmeasuresthelinearpolarisationinbroad B,VandRbandandhasafleldofview»2 0 £2 0 . Wearepresentingheresome observationsregardingthepolarisationofsomepolarisedaswellasunpolarised stars with a view to show the performance of our polarimeter.
Quantum electrodynamic shifts of mass and magnetic moment near dielectric or conducting surfaces

Quantum electrodynamics is the spectacularly successful theory of the interaction of light and matter. Its consequences are well-understood, and have been experimentally verified to extreme precision. What is not generally known is how these predictions change when the theory is considered in anything other than free space - near a surface, for example. A material boundary causes vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field to be different from their counterparts in free space, causing the electromagnetic environment of a microscopic system sitting near the boundary to differ from that if the surface were not present. This causes a variety of surface-dependent shifts in the properties of the microscopic system - this work investigates these shifts for a free electron. First using explicit normal mode expansion and analytic continuation of the wave-vector in the complex plane, and then using a semi-phenomenological `noise current' approach, the work presents derivations of formulae for the shifts in the mass and magnetic moment of an electron near a dispersive and absorbing surface. The formalism is also extended to the case where the electron is subject to a harmonic potential. It is noted that results for different models of the surface do not agree in the expected limiting cases due to their differing behaviour at low frequency, which leads to the conclusion that one must be very careful to use an appropriate model of a particular surface when considering quantum electrodynamic surface effects. Analysis of the results shows that use of a realistic model of the surface can make these shifts orders of magnitude larger than previous calculations had suggested, since they all relied on the somewhat unrealistic assumption that the surface is perfectly reflecting. This is shown to be particularly relevant to experiments which aim to measure the anomalous magnetic moment of an electron.
Sub-Surface Defect Depth Approximation in Cold Infrared Thermography

Detection and characterisation of hidden corrosion are considered challenging yet crucial activities in many sensitive industrial plants where preventing the loss of containment or structural reliability are paramount. In the last two decades, infrared (IR) thermography has proved to be a reliable means for inspection of corrosion or other sub-surface anomalies in low to mid thickness metallic mediums. The foundation of using IR thermography for defect detection and characterisation is based on active thermography. In this method of inspection, an external excitation source is deployed for the purpose of stimulating thermal evolutions inside objects. The presence of sub-surface defects disrupts the evolution of electromagnetic pulse inside an object. The reflection of altered pulse at the surface can be recorded through thermal camera in the form of temperature anomalies. Through authors’ previous works, cold thermography has shown that it can be a viable defect detection alternative to the most commonly used means of active thermography, known as heating. In the current work, the characterisation of defect dimensions, i.e., depth and diameter, has been explored. A simple analytical model for thermal contrast over defect is used in order to approximate the defect depth and diameter. This is achieved by comparing the similarities of the model and the experimental contrast time-series. A method of time-series similarity measurement known as dynamic time wrapping (DTW) is used to score the similarity between a pair of model and experiment time-series. The final outcome of the proposed experimental setup has revealed that there is a good potential to predict the metal loss of up to 50% in mid-thickness substrate even by deploying a less accurate nonradiometric thermal device and no advanced image processing.
L(p) - L(p') estimates for overdetermined Radon transforms.

We prove several variations on the results of F. Ricci and G. Travaglini (2001), concerning L p - L p' bounds for convolution with all rotations of arc length measure on a fixed convex curve in R 2 . Estimates are obtained for averages over higher-dimensional convex (nonsmooth) hypersurfaces, smooth k-dimensional surfaces, and nontranslation-invariant families of surfaces. We compare Ricci and Travaglini's approach, based on average decay of the Fourier transform, with an approach based on L 2 boundedness of Fourier integral operators, and show that essentially the same geometric condition arises in proofs using the two techniques.
The Clinical and Genetic Characteristics in Children with Idiopathic Hypogonadotropin Hypogonadism

Background Idiopathic hypogonadotropin hypogonadism (IHH) is caused by hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis dysfunction. This is divided into Kallmann syndrome which has an impaired sense of smell and hypogonadotropin hypogonadism with normal olfactory (nIHH sense. Approximately 60% of patients are associated with Kallmann syndrome, whereas there are approximately 40% with hypogonadotropin hypogonadism (nIHH). This disease is associated with various variants in genes along with different phenotypic characteristics, and even those gene variations could also lead to the cancer formation in patients. So, current study has been designed to investigate and to better understand the characteristics of various IHH-associated genes and the correlation between IHH genes and phenotype. Methods The cohort included 14 children with IHH (6 patients of KS and 8 patients of IHH), including 13 boys and 1 girl. Exclusion criteria are as follows: diagnosis of secondary hypogonadotropin hypogonadism due to tumor, trauma, drugs, or other systemic diseases. Clinical data and genetic results were analyzed. Results Almost all male patients showed micropenis (12/13, 92.3%), and few of them had cryptorchidism (5/13, 41.7%). A total of 6 genes, CHD7, PROKR2, ANOS1, FGFR1, SEMA3A, and NDNF, were detected. CHD7 was the most common (11/17, 64.7%), and the main mutation type was missense mutation (14/16, 87.5%). Six reported variants and 10 new variants (5 genes, including entire ANSO1 duplicates) were found. Neonatal variation was detected in 3 patients with IHH. Eight patients inherited the variation from their father, while five patients inherited it from their mother. One patient had both FGFR1 and SEMA3A gene variants, while the other had two different CHD7 gene variants and entire ANSO1 repeats. According to ACMG criteria, 4 variants were pathogenic (P), 2 were possibly pathogenic (LP), and 8 had uncertain significance (US). In patients with P or LP (5/6, 83.3%), we found that extragonadal symptoms were more common. Conclusions It was concluded that variations in the studied genes could lead to the IHH. Ten new variants have been reported which may lead to different symptoms of IHH. For CHD7 variants, the rare sequencing variants (RSVs) of P or LP showed commonly associated with CHARGE syndrome. Findings of the current study may help for the better diagnosis and treatment of IHH.
The limits of support for differentiated integration in the European Union as perceived by academic experts

ABSTRACT Differentiated integration (DI) in the European Union has recently attracted considerable scholarly and political attention. Yet, we know rather little about where scholars’ normative support of DI begins and where it ends, and whether there is scholarly consensus about which type of DI warrants support. This contribution addresses which type of DI scholars support, and which policy areas should be exempt. It explores these questions by means of a novel expert survey (n = 95). Three broad observations can be made. First, whilst support for DI is strong in the abstract, it becomes much weaker when empirically applied. Second, the high levels of support are not necessarily in tune with the perceived risks of DI. Third, there is a fair amount of expert disagreement around DI. We defend the view that the type of disagreement we see in the findings is valid and substantively relevant because it highlights genuine diffusion (as opposed to conceptual confusion) in the distribution of preferences among experts that has previously been largely obscured. The article thereby also makes a contribution to the literature on expert surveys, discussing the distinction between benchmarking and non-benchmarking expert surveys, and the legitimacy of expert disagreement.
A rising tide lifts all boats: Group performance and intragroup status

Early theories of status dynamics in small groups portrayed intragroup status as a limited resource—as the status of one group member rises, the status of another must fall. Recent theorizing presents an alternative view: that the amount of status available to group members can be variable rather than fixed. Building on this view, we theorize that the average level of intragroup status changes as a function of group performance, such that the intragroup status of an average group member is higher in groups with higher performance and lower in groups with lower performance. We further theorize that changes in group solidarity partly account for the link between group performance and intragroup status. Across three preregistered studies, we find support for these hypotheses, which we hope will kindle interest in identifying other factors that can account for changes in intragroup status equilibria.
Magnetic shape fabric analysis from syntectonic granites: a study based on the eigenvalue method

Abstract We investigate the shape and strength of the magnetic fabrics (anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data) of various massive granitic plutons from different parts of India, using the eigenvalue method. The study aims to analyse eigenvalues and establish their relationship with various deformational attributes. It involves: (1) calculating eigenvectors and their corresponding eigenvalues from magnetic fabric datasets; (2) finding a link between the geometrical appearance of eigenvectors and the mechanistic issues involved with a specific deformation scenario; and (3) determining shape and strength parameters from the magnetic foliation data distribution. The statistical analysis for the unimodal magnetic fabric dataset of orthorhombic symmetry class implies that the plane, consisting of intermediate (V2) and minimum (V3) eigenvectors with pole V1, accurately traces the instantaneous stretching axis (ISAmax) of a particular material flow system under a pure shear regime. Moreover, for the distributions of similar symmetry and modality, we infer that the rotational characteristics of eigenvectors with respect to a fixed coordinate cause a distinct shift of such planes (V2–V3) from the ISAmax of a steady-state flow system under simple shear, where a substantial amount of rotational strain is involved. However, our findings also suggest that variation in symmetry and modality of magnetic fabric data distribution of different studied granitoids can directly influence the relative disposition of V2–V3 with respect to the direction of ISAmax. We conclude that eigenvalue analysis of magnetic fabrics is a powerful approach, which can be utilized while studying the salient deformational aspects of any syntectonic massive granitic body.
Mindful awareness as a predictor of postpartum depression and anxiety among Igbo nursing mothers in Enugu, South-East Nigeria

ABSTRACT In Nigeria, the relationship between mindfulness and postpartum depression and anxiety has gone largely unexamined. A cross-sectional study of 309 randomly selected nursing mothers was conducted at two tertiary health institutions using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The study sought to determine if mindful awareness acted as a predictor of postpartum depression and anxiety in Igbo nursing mothers and the proportion of the dependent variables (postpartum depression and anxiety) explained by the addition of new independent variables (age, educational attainment and mindful awareness). Mindful awareness accounted for most of the variance at 16.5%. And 19.1% for postpartum depression and postpartum, respectively. Lower levels of mindful awareness predicted higher levels of postpartum depression and anxiety. The study may contribute to the existing body of knowledge needed in establishing preventive strategies, early detection, and treatment for women at risk.
The mediating role of hope in relation with fear of COVID‐19 and mental health: A study on tertiary level students of Rajshahi District

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is influential in all parts of people's lives, specifically psychological states due to the fear related to the pandemic. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of hope in the connection between the fear of COVID‐19 and mental health among tertiary college students of Rajshahi district during the COVID‐19 disease.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK PASIEN TB PARU DENGAN KEJADIAN TUBERKULOSIS

Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis dapat menyebar dari satu orang ke orang lain melalui transmisi udara (droplet dahak pasien penderita tuberkulosis). Pasien yang terinfeksi tuberkulosis akan memproduksi droplet yang mengandung sejumlah basil kuman TB ketika mereka batuk, bersin, atau berbicara. Orang yang menghirup basil kuman TB tersebut dapat terinfeksi tuberkulosis. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik pasien TB Paru dengan kejadian TB paru. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah survey analitik melalui pendekatan studi cross sectional. Populasi sebanyak 787 responden. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Komite Wilayah Penanggulangan TB Care Aisyiyah pada tanggal 16-17 November tahun 2020. Besar sampel berjumlah 99 orang yang menderita TB Paru yang ada di studi dokumentasi tahun 2020 dengan metode random sampling. Hasil: Distribusi frekuensi kejadian TB Paru dari 99 responden terdapat 80 responden (80,8%) yang Basil Tahan Asam+ (BTA+), responden dengan umur yang tua sebanyak 68 orang (68,7), dan responden yang jenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 63 orang (63,6%). Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara umur dengan kejadian TB Paru (p= 0,093<0,10) dan ada hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian TB paru (p= 0,030<0,10). Saran: Diharapkan KWP TB Care Aisyiyah Palembang lebih meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan terhadap TB paru dan selalu memberikan penyuluhan tentang bahayanya penyakit TB paru. Kata Kunci: Umur, Jenis Kelamin, Kejadian TB Paru
ON THE POSSIBILITY OF ENRICHMENT AND DIFFERENTIATION IN GAS GIANTS DURING BIRTH BY DISK INSTABILITY

We investigate the coupling between rock-size solids and gas during the formation of gas giant planets by disk fragmentation in the outer regions of massive disks. In this study, we use three-dimensional radiative hydrodynamic simulations and model solids as a spatial distribution of particles. We assume that half of the total solid fraction is in small grains and half in large solids. The former are perfectly entrained with the gas and set the opacity in the disk, while the latter are allowed to respond to gas drag forces, with the back reaction on the gas taken into account. To explore the maximum effects of gas–solid interactions, we first consider 10 cm size particles. We then compare these results to a simulation with 1 km size particles, which explores the low-drag regime. We show that (1) disk instability planets have the potential to form large cores due to aerodynamic capturing of rock-size solids in spiral arms before fragmentation; (2) temporary clumps can concentrate tens of M⊕ of solids in very localized regions before clump disruption; (3) the formation of permanent clumps, even in the outer disk, is dependent on the grain-size distribution, i.e., the opacity; (4) nonaxisymmetric structure in the disk can create disk regions that have a solids-to-gas ratio greater than unity; (5) the solid distribution may affect the fragmentation process; (6) proto-gas giants and proto-brown dwarfs can start as differentiated objects prior to the H2 collapse phase; (7) spiral arms in a gravitationally unstable disk are able to stop the inward drift of rock-size solids, even redistributing them to larger radii; and (8) large solids can form spiral arms that are offset from the gaseous spiral arms. We conclude that planet embryo formation can be strongly affected by the growth of solids during the earliest stages of disk accretion.
A randomized double-blind controlled study comparing erector spinae plane block and thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia after breast surgery

Background Thoracic paravertebral block (PVB) is an effective regional block for pain control after breast surgery. However, accidentally puncturing adjacent vital structures may cause undesirable complications. Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has been considered a safer proxy of PVB for beginners. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effects of ultrasound-guidance PVB and ESPB after breast surgery. Methods This randomized control trial was conducted in patients who underwent mastectomy. Forty-four females were randomly allocated into PVB group or ESPB group. All patients received a block with 20 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine before general anesthesia. The primary outcome was the 24-h postoperative morphine requirements. The other outcomes of interest were postoperative pain scores, time to first analgesic request, dermatome of sensory blockade, block-related complications, and opioid adverse events. Results The 24-h morphine requirements were significantly lower in PVB compared to the ESPB group (3.5 ± 3.3 vs. 8.6 ± 3.8 mg, P < 0.001). The overall pain scores were also lower in the PVB group (P < 0.001). Only 14 patients in the PVB group requested additional morphine, whereas all patients in the ESPB group requested it (P = 0.004). The dermatome of sensory blockade was wider in the PVB group (7 vs. 4 levels, P = 0.019). No serious complications occurred in either group. Conclusions Compared to ESPB, PVB provided lower postoperative opioid requirements, lower pain scores, and wider sensory blockade after mastectomy.
Water quality for consumption and bathing in springs with different soil cover in the Rio Grande watershed

Land use and occupation by agriculture and urbanization generate several impacts on the natural environment and water quality in a watershed is the main parameter capable of reflecting the consequences of anthropogenic activities that occur in this location. Protecting water resources and their tributaries is of utmost importance for the preservation of the nature and health of the population in relation to direct and indirect consumption of water. In this sense, objectified with this research was to analyze the water quality for consumption and bathing in springs (N1, N2, N3, N4, N5 and one outfall, Foz),) with different soil cover in the Rio Grande watershed. Water collections were performed monthly over a period of one year and physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters were evaluated. The data obtained were submit to statistical analysis and the results showed that the sources N1 and N2 had the lowest values in turbidity, color, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and pH, being the latter very close to neutrality. The spring N3 in relation to the others, presented lower values for temperature and dissolved oxygen. N1 indicated having the best water quality values for the physical and chemical parameters. All springs and outfall presented some type of bacteriological contamination and the risk to the population using these waters. Finally, the results show that the presence of vegetation around the water resources influences in the water quality of the springs.
Appel's and Humbert's Functions of Matrix Arguments - II

INTRODUCTION The present work is in continuation of our previous study [12] of Appell’s functions of matrix arguments. First we shall give some definitions of Mathai [5] and one of his results which shall be used by us in deducing our results. All the matrices appearing in this paper are (pxp) real symmetric positive definite matrices and the meanings of all the other symbols used are the same as in the works of Mathai [4,5].
Dynamic Brain Connectivity in Resting-State FMRI Using Spectral ICA and Graph Approach: Application to Healthy Controls and Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease that involves structural and functional damage to the brain. It changes the functional connectivity of the brain between and within networks. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables us to measure functional correlation and independence between different brain regions. In recent years, statistical methods, including independent component analysis (ICA) and graph-based analysis, have been widely used in fMRI studies. Furthermore, topological properties of the brain have been appeared as significant features of neuroscience studies. Most studies are focused on graph analysis and ICA methods, rather than considering spectral approaches. Here, we developed a new framework to measure brain connectivity (in static and dynamic formats) and incorporate it to study fMRI data from MS patients and healthy controls (HCs). For this purpose, a spectral ICA method is proposed to extract the nodes of the brain graph. Spectral ICA extracts more reliable components and decreases the processing time in calculation of the static brain connectivity. Compared to Infomax ICA, dynamic range and low-frequency to high-frequency power ratio (fALFF) show better results using the proposed ICA. It is also helpful in selection of the states for dynamic connectivity. Furthermore, the dynamic connectivity-based extracted components from spectral ICA are estimated using a mutual information method and based on correlation of sliding time-windowed on selected IC time courses. First-level and second-level connectivity states are calculated using correlations of connectivity strength between graph nodes (spectral ICA components). Finally, static and dynamic connectivity are analyzed based on correlation nodes percolated by an anatomical automatic labeling (AAL) atlas. Despite static and dynamic connectivity results of AAL correlations not showing any significant changes between MS and HC, our results based on spectral ICA in static and dynamic connectivity showed significantly decreased connectivity in MS patients in the anterior cingulate cortex, whereas it was significantly weaker in the core but stronger at the periphery of the posterior cingulate cortex.