Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Osmia lignaria and O. cornifrons (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) retention with preferred nest materials and attractant spray

Mason bees (Megachilidae: Osmia) are alternative managed pollinators with the potential to supplement pollination by honey bees in many crops. However, challenges for their management in orchards still remain. If nesting conditions are not optimal, females can show high dispersion rates, which decrease their economic viability at commercial scales. One way to improve female retention is by offering attractive nesting substrates. We tested the effect of several combinations of substrate materials and shelter types, as well as an attractant compound, on the retention and performance of Osmia lignaria and O. cornifrons females. We compared nesting in three types of shelter (blue and white plastic totes and brown pine plywood), with cardboard tubes of four different diameters (5–8 mm), reeds, and wood blocks as substrates at an experimental farm orchard. In a separate experiment with plywood shelters and 7‐mm cardboard tubes, we tested an attractant spray based on decanoic acid (patent number US 9301521B2), a compound isolated from O. lignaria cocoons and expected to encourage females to nest in artificial cavities. In both experiments, O. cornifrons showed higher female retention than O. lignaria. The combination of plywood shelters with reeds had the highest nesting for both species, although O. cornifrons also readily used cardboard tubes of 5–6 mm diameter. The attractant spray increased nesting by O. cornifrons, but not by O. lignaria. We also found a significant interaction between the effect of the attractant and the year of the experiment, indicating that weather and other environmental variables could affect the efficacy of the attractant. Together, our results suggest that using the right combination of shelters and substrates, as well as the attractant spray, is an effective strategy to increase Osmia female retention for orchard pollination.
Bringing Parent–Child Interaction Therapy to South Africa: Barriers and Facilitators and Overall Feasibility—First Steps to Implementation

There is a large assessment and treatment gap in child and adolescent mental health services, prominently so in low- and middle-income countries, where 90% of the world’s children live. There is an urgent need to find evidence-based interventions that can be implemented successfully in these low-resource contexts. This pre-pilot study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators to implementation as well as overall feasibility of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) in South Africa. A reflective and consensus building workshop was used to gather South African PCIT therapist (N = 4) perspectives on barriers, facilitators, and next steps to implementation in that country. Caregiver participants (N = 7) receiving the intervention in South Africa for the first time were also recruited to gather information on overall feasibility. Facilitators for implementation, including its strong evidence base, manualisation, and training model were described. Barriers relating to sustainability and scalability were highlighted. Largely positive views on acceptability from caregiver participants also indicated the promise of PCIT as an intervention in South Africa. Pilot data on the efficacy of the treatment for participating families are a next step. These initial results are positive, though research on how implementation factors contribute to the longer-term successful dissemination of PCIT in complex, heterogeneous low-resource settings is required.
Modeling of Λ-graded InxGa1−xN solar cells: comparison of strained and relaxed features

Abstract. The optical properties of Λ-graded indium gallium nitride (InGaN) solar cells are studied. Graded InGaN well structures with the indium composition increasing to xmax and then decreasing in a Λ-shaped pattern have been designed. Through polarization doping, this naturally creates alternating p- and n-type regions. Separate structures are designed by varying the indium alloy profile from GaN to maximum indium concentrations ranging from 20% to 90%, while maintaining a constant overall structure thickness of 100 nm. The solar cell parameters under fully strained and relaxed conditions are considered. The results show that a maximum efficiency of ≅5.5 % under fully strained condition occurs for xmax = 60 % . Solar cell efficiency under relaxed conditions increases to a maximum of 8.3% for xmax = 90 % . Vegard’s law predicts the bandgap under relaxed conditions, whereas a Vegard-like law is empirically determined from the output of nextnano™ for varying indium compositions to calculate the solar cell parameters under strain.
Performance Evaluation of CRIJAF Nail Weeder in Jute Growing Areas of North 24 Parganas District of West Bengal

The study is based on the result of 153 front line demonstrations carried out by ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore in North 24-Parganas district during 2017-18 and 2018-19 on mechanical weed management through CRIJAF Nail weeder. The FLD on weed management through CRIJAF nail weeder was carried out to show reduction in cost of cultivation due to less labour requirement as compared to conventional practices as well as enhancement in yield. The demonstration yield was increased by 12.11 per cent over the local check. The average extension gap, technology gap and technology index were 360.50 kg/ha, 559.50 kg/ha and 14.38 during the period under study. On an average, the demonstrated fi eld gave higher net returns (Rs. 87337 / ha) and benefi t: cost ratio (2.37) compared to the local checks. It clearly showed that adoption of improved agro-technology can boost the economics of jute growers.
Emerging adults’ cultural values, prosocial behaviors, and mental health in 14 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

Evidence suggests an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, particularly among emerging adults. However, theories on altruism born of suffering or adversarial growth suggest that we might also see prosocial behavior as a function of the pandemic, which may protect against mental health challenges. Because cultural values are central in determining prosocial behavior, the current study explored how cultural values were differentially associated with adaptive prosocial behaviors that might protect against mental health challenges. Participants for the current study included 5,682 young people aged 18–25 years from 14 different countries around the world (68% female, 62% college students). Path analyses suggested that there were few differences in patterns as a function of culture, but revealed that horizontal individualism and horizontal and vertical collectivism were indirectly associated with lower levels of depression via prosocial behavior toward family members. Discussion focuses on the importance of coping by strengthening family relationships via prosocial behavior during the pandemic.
Alternatives for MRI in Prostate Cancer Diagnostics—Review of Current Ultrasound-Based Techniques

Simple Summary Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common solid malignant tumor in men worldwide with various clinical manifestations. Due to overdiagnosis and overtreatment of a clinically insignificant disease, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging is recommended for every patient before performing prostate biopsy. However, the diagnostic pathway currently has many limitations and is still far from ideal. Therefore, further alternatives need to be investigated. As the novel ultrasound-based techniques, such as shear wave elastography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound or high frequency micro-ultrasound are able to, overcome the limitations of magnetic resonance imaging presenting good performance in recent studies, we have summarized and compared the results of each technique in the detection of PCa. Furthermore, we analyzed the future perspectives for ultrasound modalities that may soon significantly improve their diagnostic value. Abstract The purpose of this review is to present the current role of ultrasound-based techniques in the diagnostic pathway of prostate cancer (PCa). With overdiagnosis and overtreatment of a clinically insignificant PCa over the past years, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) started to be recommended for every patient suspected of PCa before performing a biopsy. It enabled targeted sampling of the suspicious prostate regions, improving the accuracy of the traditional systematic biopsy. However, mpMRI is associated with high costs, relatively low availability, long and separate procedure, or exposure to the contrast agent. The novel ultrasound modalities, such as shear wave elastography (SWE), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), or high frequency micro-ultrasound (MicroUS), may be capable of maintaining the performance of mpMRI without its limitations. Moreover, the real-time lesion visualization during biopsy would significantly simplify the diagnostic process. Another value of these new techniques is the ability to enhance the performance of mpMRI by creating the image fusion of multiple modalities. Such models might be further analyzed by artificial intelligence to mark the regions of interest for investigators and help to decide about the biopsy indications. The dynamic development and promising results of new ultrasound-based techniques should encourage researchers to thoroughly study their utilization in prostate imaging.
Neonatal behavior of babies exposed to maternal depressive and anxiety disorders during perinatal period

Perinatal depression and perinatal anxiety can affect up to 20% of women during pregnancy and postpartum. Babies exposed to these pathologies suffer consequences in their development at a cognitive, motor, emotional and social level. Some of these can be observed since birth. In addition, adverse effects have been described in the behavior of the newborn exposed to psychopharmacotherapy during pregnancy. The aims of the study were to observe the neonatal behavior of babies exposed to perinatal depression or anxiety and to compare it between both diagnostic groups of mothers. The cohort included 86 newborns, from 2 to 67 days of chronological age (29 ± 13.4, 48% females), exposed to maternal depression (n = 27) or anxiety (n = 59). The Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale, 4th edition, (Brazelton and Nugent, 2011) was administered at a maternal mental health unit to register the neonatal behavior. Chi-square and Student t-test analyses were calculated to compare item scores and percentages of suboptimal responses between both groups; Pearson correlations were calculated to analyze the relation of obstetric and psychiatric variables of mothers and the behavior of newborns. Significant differences between groups were found only regarding the change in skin color, with higher percentages of suboptimal responses in the group exposed to anxiety than to depression (24% versus 4%, Chi2 = 3.89; p < .05). Correlation analyses show that, although the birth weight is positively related to the interactive social orientation (tracing face and voice: r = .28, p = .02), the last was affected negatively by the dose of antidepressants during the third trimester of pregnancy (tracing face and voice: r = -.31, p = 0.03), indicating that higher doses of antidepressant was related with lower interactive social orientation. Our findings emphasize the need to detect depression and anxiety in women during the perinatal period in order to intervene at a multidisciplinary level in both, mother and baby, and the relation.
Sexual and Violent Recidivism of Empirically-Typed Individuals Convicted of Rape

Abstract Men convicted of rape are a heterogenous group among individuals with sexual offending history. This may contribute to the difficulty of establishing adequate treatment during institutionalization and preventing recidivism after release. Therefore, we aimed to identify an empirical typology of individuals convicted of rape based on (a) common criminological variables (age at first offense, number of prior convictions, relation to the victim), (b) offense behavior (alcoholization during the offense) and (c) clinical diagnoses (substance abuse and dependence, psychopathy, sexual sadism, Cluster B personality disorders, paraphilias, paraphilia-related disorders) associated with the risk of sexual offending. Data of N = 575 adult males with raping history were analyzed. We found four types with different profiles in the described variables: an antisocial impulsive, a sexualized, a highly violent and a non-criminal situational type. The types significantly varied in prognostic validity for violent, but not sexual, recidivism. Also, the typology exhibited a slightly higher predictive validity for violent recidivism than Static-99 scores. In contrast to Static-99, the typology failed to significantly predict sexual recidivism. Although the types explained more variance of violent recidivism than Static-99 scores, the value of applying a broad set of risk factors in contrast to combining only few are discussed.
In Vitro Molecular Modification of Human Cultured and Primary Cells Using Lance Array Nanoinjection

In Vitro Molecular Modification of Human Cultured and Primary Cells Using Lance Array Nanoinjection John W. Sessions Department of Mechanical Engineering, BYU Doctor of Philosophy Fundamentally altering cellular function at a genetic level is a major area of interest in the biologic sciences and the medical community. By engineering transfectable constructs that can be inserted to dysfunctional cellular systems, scientists can mitigate aberrant genetic behavior to produce proper molecular function. While viral vectors have been a mainstay in the past, there are many limitations, particularly related to safety, that have changed the focus of genome editing to incorporate alternative methods for gene delivery. Lance Array Nanoinjection (LAN), a second-generation microfabricated transfection biotechnology, is one of these alternative technologies. LAN works by utilizing both simultaneous electrostatic interaction with molecular loads and physical lancing of hundreds of thousands of target cell membranes. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate LAN in the context of in vitro transfection of immortalized culture cells and primary cells. As part of that exploration, three distinct areas of investigation are considered, which include: characterizing environmental factors that impact LAN transfection, demonstrating LAN genetic modification of immortalized HeLa 229 culture cells using an indicator marker, and lastly, investigating the effects of LAN on human primary, neonatal fibroblasts.
Internal Rotation of the Upper-Arm Segment during a Stretch-Shorten Cycle Movement

This research examined the influence on performance of no-pause and mean delays of 0.97 s and 1.5 s between the eccentric and concentric phases of the stretch-shorten cycle movement of internal rotation (IR) of me upper arm. Videography and surface electromyography were used in the assessment of 19 athletes throwing a baseball in a manner that constrained all degrees of freedom other than upper-arm IR. Results demonstrated that the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and anterior deltoid muscles were all active at above 100% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) during IR. The maximum velocity of the wrist decreased with increasing pause time between me eccentric and concentric phases of the IR movement. A mean 21.9% augmentation to the maximum wrist velocity was recorded when the no-pause delay and a mean delay of 1.5 s were compared. There were no electromyographically discernible differences recorded either prior to or after release for any of the monitored muscles during IR across the pause conditions.
Artificial boundary conditions for simulations of seismic air-gun bubbles

Marine seismic exploration is a method employed by the hydrocarbon industry to find geological structures in the sub-surface with the potential to contain trapped hydrocarbons. A source of seismic energy is towed behind a ship. The energy produced by the source propagates as a sound wave through the sea into the sub-surface. Within the sub-surface the energy is reflected, refracted and diffracted. The ship also tows an array of hydrophones behind the seismic source, and these are used to measure the wavefield. If the source signal is known, then the received signal at each hydrophone can be deconvolved for the source signal to obtain the impulse response of the earth between the source and the hydrophone. These impulse responses can highlight some of the structures in the subsurface. Maps of the subsurface built up from these impulse responses are then interpreted to estimate the locations of trapped hydrocarbons. The most commonly used seismic source is the seismic air gun, which is a canister containing highly compressed air. The air is released into the sea, forming an oscillating bubble. There are two methods used by industry to determine the signal produced by an air gun or air gun array: (1) modelling, and (2) extrapolation from near-field measurements. Traditionally, industry uses the first method. With broader bandwidth data that are being recovered in data processing by removing the sea-surface reflection at the source and receiver (source and receiver ghosts), it has been found that modelling is inferior to extrapolation from near field measurements, although industry has been slow to adopt the second method. Despite this change, modelling remains a valuable tool in the design of air gun arrays, where designs can be optimised by adjusting
Utilizing the spatial frequency domain imaging to investigate change in optical parameters of skin exposed to thermal‐hydrotherapy: Ex‐vivo study

Hydrotherapy is a traditional clinical practice that has been widely used for pain relief. However, immersion in hot water influences skin's moisture and morphology. In this study, we investigate the physiological changes of ex‐vivo chicken skin immersed in hot water (at 40 and 50°C) via monitoring the change in its absorption and scattering properties using the spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) technique. The procedure started by calculating the modulation transfer function of the proposed imaging system over a range of spatial frequencies using a high‐resolution test target. Thereafter, structured illumination patterns at different spatial frequencies were projected onto the examined samples via a reflective phase‐only spatial light modulator using transmission and reflection modes. The transmission and reflection images were recorded using a digital camera to reconstruct the optical absorption and scattering parameters. Such parameters were calculated using Kubelka–Munk and lookup table methods. For system validation, the optical properties of two kinds of milk (skimmed and full cream), as reference samples, were reconstructed using the proposed SFDI system in the reflection mode via lookup table method. The results revealed an increase in the scattering coefficient of the skin samples immersed in higher water temperature, while the absorption coefficient values were nearly the same. Furthermore, the obtained results were validated using Monte‐Carlo method showing absolute errors that range from 0.004 to 0.057. In conclusion, the proposed system was presented to investigate the changes in ex‐vivo skin properties under thermal‐hydrotherapy in the context of measured changes in optical parameters.
New finite modelling of the nonlinear static bending analysis of piezoelectric FG sandwich plates resting on nonlinear elastic foundations

This paper presents a new ﬁnite modelling of the nonlinear static bending analysis of piezoelectric functionally graded (FG) sandwich plates resting on nonlinear elastic foundations. Finite element formulations are derived by using the ﬁrst-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) of Mindlin and the ﬁnite element method. The proposed theory and mathematical model of this work are veriﬁed by comparing the results with those of other methods, and they are in good agreement. A parameter study is conducted to investigate thee ﬀ ectsofgeometricalandphysicalpropertiessuchasnonlinearfactors,volumefractionindex,nonlinear foundation parameters, applied voltages, boundary conditions, etc., on the nonlinear mechanical behaviors of piezoelectric FG sandwich plates. The novel numerical results of this work are very important, and can be used as a good reference to examine related structures as well as of use in engineering practice.
Performance of Fe-Rich Alkali-Activated Materials in Na2SO4 Solution: Role of MgO/(MgO + CaO) in the Slag

: To enable the usage of non-ferrous metallurgy slags in alkali-activated materials (AAMs), the inﬂuence of the chemical composition of slags on durability must be better understood. In this work, two slags were synthesized with different MgO/(MgO + CaO) weight ratios to investigate the effect on the sulfate resistance (Na 2 SO 4 ) of AAMs. Experimental results suggested that a higher MgO/(MgO + CaO) ratio does not lead to higher strength, but the trend of the mass change and compressive strength change of two AAMs is quite similar upon Na 2 SO 4 exposure for 24 weeks. The leaching of elements (Na, Al, and Si) during Na 2 SO 4 exposure is more signiﬁcant in the early stage, while Ca leaching is more pronounced in the late stage.
Longitudinal assessment of network reorganizations and language recovery in postoperative patients with glioma

Abstract For patients with glioma located in or adjacent to the linguistic eloquent cortex, awake surgery with an emphasis on the preservation of language function is preferred. However, the brain network basis of postoperative linguistic functional outcomes remains largely unknown. In this work, 34 patients with left cerebral gliomas who underwent awake surgery were assessed for language function and resting-state network properties before and after surgery. We found that there were 28 patients whose language function returned to at least 80% of the baseline scores within 3 months after surgery or to 85% within 6 months after surgery. For these patients, the spontaneous recovery of language function synchronized with changes within the language and cognitive control networks, but not with other networks. Specifically, compared with baseline values, language functions and global network properties were the worst within 1 month after surgery and gradually recovered within 6 months after surgery. The recovery of connections was tumour location dependent and was attributed to both ipsihemispheric and interhemispheric connections. In contrast, for six patients whose language function did not recover well, severe network disruptions were observed before surgery and persisted into the chronic phase. This study suggests the synchronization of functional network normalization and spontaneous language recovery in postoperative patients with glioma.