Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Marry for What: Caste and Mate Selection in Modern India

This paper studies the role played by caste, education and other social and economic attributes in arranged marriages among middle-class Indians. We use a unique data set on individuals who placed matrimonial advertisements in a major newspaper, the responses they received, how they ranked them, and the eventual matches. We estimate the preferences for caste, education, beauty, and other attributes. We then compute a set of stable matches, which we compare to the actual matches that we observe in the data. We find the stable matches to be quite similar to the actual matches, suggesting a relatively frictionless marriage market. One of our key empirical findings is that there is a very strong preference for within-caste marriage. However, because both sides of the market share this preference and because the groups are fairly homogeneous in terms of the distribution of other attributes, in equilibrium, the cost of wanting to marry within-caste is low. This allows caste to remain a persistent feature of the Indian marriage market.
The Palermo Swift-BAT hard X-ray catalogue - II. Results after 39 months of sky survey

Aims. We present the Palermo Swift-BAT hard X-ray catalogue obtained from the analysis of data acquired during the first 39 months of the Swift mission. Methods. We developed a dedicated software to perform the data reduction, mosaicking, and source detection of the BAT survey data. We analyzed the BAT dataset in three energy bands (14−150 keV, 14−30 keV, 14−70 keV), obtaining a list of 962 detections above a significance threshold of 4.8 standard deviations. The identification of the source counterparts was pursued using three strategies: cross-correlation with published hard X-ray catalogues, analysis of field observations of soft X-ray instruments, and cross-correlation with SIMBAD databases. Results. The survey covers 90% of the sky down to a flux limit of 2.5 × 10 −11 erg cm −2 s −1 and 50% of the sky down to a flux limit of 1.8 × 10 −11 erg cm −2 s −1 in the 14−150 keV band. We derived a catalogue of 754 identified sources, of which ∼69% are extragalactic, ∼27% are Galactic objects, and ∼4% are already known X-ray or gamma ray emitters, whose nature has yet to be determined. The integrated flux of the extragalactic sample is ∼1% of the cosmic X-ray background in the 14−150 keV range.
Determination of physical soil properties by use and occupation in Caçapava do Sul – RS

: Concern about soil quality has increased significantly, as its use and intensive mobilization reduce the ability to maintain good production. Management systems with vegetation removal, soil exposure, use of chemicals, machine traffic and animal trampling alter the soil structure, decreasing physical quality. This study aimed to determine the soil quality in the municipality of Caçapava do Sul - RS, through the characterization of physical attributes, performing a comparative analysis in different uses: soybean cultivation and livestock (native field). The physical attributes determined were: soil density, particle density, total porosity and hydraulic conductivity. The analyzes were performed in four replications performed in quadruplicate and the results analyzed by the Statistica 7.0 software. In the soybean planting area, in the layer between 0.25 and 0.35 m, the soil density showed higher values and lower porosity, evidencing the effect of soil compaction resulting from the transit of machinery. Regarding the particle density, the native field area had the lowest value in the surface layer. In hydraulic conductivity, both presented negative results. The results found demonstrate that the studied soils behaved in a similar way in relation to the evaluated parameters.
The miocene sequence of the Maltese Islands: biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic references based on nannofossils

A study has been made of the calcareous nannofossils of the Miocene sequence of the Maltese Islands (with the exception of the Lower Globigerina Limestone unit) . Identification of the coccolith zones not only permitted the chronostratigraphic placing of the sediments studied (the sequence can be refelTed to the AquitanianMessinian interval), but also to detect hiatuses within the Globigerina Limestone Formation (coinciding with the phosphatic nodule beds), the Blue Clay Formation (at the base of the glauconitic sand level) and at the Blue Clay/Greensand boundary. An evaluation has also been made of the biostratigraphic and temporal extent of these hiatuses.
Rhabdomyosarcoma in adolescent and young adult patients: current perspectives

: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin, is the third most common extracranial malignant solid tumor in children and adolescents. However, in adults, RMS represents , 1% of all solid tumor malignancies. The embryonal and alveolar histologic variants are more commonly seen in pediatric patients, while the pleomorphic variant is rare in children and seen more often in adults. Advances in the research of the embryonal and alveolar variants have improved our understanding of certain genes and biologic pathways that are involved in RMS, but much less is known for the other variants. Multimodality therapy that includes surgery and chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy is the mainstay of treatment for RMS. Improvements in the risk stratification of the pediatric patients based on presurgical (primary tumor site, tumor size, regional lymph node involvement, presence of metastasis) and postsurgical parameters (completeness of resection or presence of residual disease or metastasis) has allowed for the treatment assignment of patients in different studies and therapeutic trials, leading to increases in 5-year survival from 25%–70% over the past 40 years. However, for adult patients, in great part due to rarity of the disease and the lack of consensus on optimal treatment, clinical outcome is still poor. Many factors have been implicated for the differing outcomes between pediatric RMS versus adult RMS, such as the lack of standardized treatment protocols for adult RMS patients and the increased prevalence of advanced presenta-tions. Now that there are increased numbers of survivors, we can appreciate the sequelae from therapy in these patients, such as bone growth abnormalities, endocrinopathies, and infertility. Improvements in risk stratification have led to clinical trials using lower doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy with the intention of decreasing the incidence of side effects without com-promising survival outcome.
Immunotherapy – The New Era of Oncology

Zusammenfassung In den letzten Jahren wurden bedeutende Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Immuntherapie erreicht mit teils langanhaltendem Therapieansprechen bei unterschiedlichsten Tumorentitäten. Die Basis hierfür bildet ein verbessertes Verständnis der Interaktion zwischen Tumor und Immunsystem und der damit verbundenen Integration immuntherapeutischer Ansätze in die klinische Routine. Die hierbei eingesetzten immuntherapeutischen Strategien greifen auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen der Immunantwort ein, fördern direkt oder indirekt die Zerstörung der Tumorzellen durch die körpereigene Abwehr und reichen von Zytokintherapien über Vakzinierungen und den Einsatz onkolytischer Viren bis hin zu monoklonalen Antikörpertherapien und dem adoptiven Zelltransfer. Abstract In the field of immunotherapy, essential progress was achieved over the past years partially demonstrating long lasting therapeutic responses in different tumor entities. A better understanding of the interactions between the tumor and the immune system as well as the integration of immunotherapeutic approaches into clinical routine were the foundations for this development. The different approaches intervene on multiple levels of the immune response and directly or indirectly mount the patient‘s own immune defense against tumor cells. Immunotherapeutic approaches are represented by cytokine therapies, vaccinations, the use of oncolytic viruses and monoclonal antibody therapies as well as adoptive cell transfer strategies.
Price Rigidity and the Origins of Aggregate Fluctuations∗

We study the potency of sectoral productivity shocks to drive aggregate fluctuations in the presence of three empirically relevant heterogeneities across sectors: sector size, intermediate input consumption, and pricing frictions in a multi-sector New Keynesian model. We derive conditions under which sectoral shocks matter for aggregate volatility and show the distribution of sector size or input-output linkages are neither necessary nor sufficient to generate aggregate fluctuations. Quantitatively, we calibrate our full model to 341 sectors using US data and find (1) heterogeneous price rigidity across sectors doubles the aggregate volatility from sectoral shocks relative to a calibration with homogeneous price rigidity; 2) realistically calibrated sectoral productivity shocks are key to generating sizable aggregate fluctuations of both GDP and prices; 3) heterogeneity of price rigidity matters for aggregate fluctuations because it changes the effective distribution of sector size and network centrality; 4) plausibly sized aggregate technology shocks cannot generate sizeable volatility in the presence of price rigidity; and 5) sectoral shocks generate large aggregate fluctuations under different empirically plausible monetary policy rules.
A h ea d o f F i n a l P ub li ca t i on

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Hirsutism by using the mFG score and to identify the mean mFG score among the normal healthy female population of Peshawar. Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted among 448 normal healthy married women aged between 20 to 40 years from 14 th April 2022 to 13 th October 2022 at Hayatabad Medical Complex in Peshawar. The mFG score was used to evaluate Hirsutism, a score of eight or above was regarded as indicative of Hirsutism. Results : The mean modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) score was 8.89 ± 4.33. 255 (56.9%) of the individuals had a mFG score of more than 8. These people showed mild hirsutism in 52.0% of cases, moderate hirsutism in 4.5% of cases, and severe hirsutism in 0.4% of cases. It was observed that the lower abdomen and thigh region had the highest prevalence of mild to moderate hirsutism, with a considerable number of individuals scoring two and three. Conversely, the back and buttocks showed predominantly minimal to no hirsutism, with the majority of participants scoring 0 and 1. There was no discernible difference in mean mFG scores between age groups, according to statistical analysis (p=0.195). Intriguingly, rates of hirsutism were found to be higher in urban versus rural populations, at 78.7% versus 36.6%, respectively (p<0.01). In addition, 80.3% of people who had a positive family history of hirsutism had a mFG score of 8 or higher. Conclusion : The prevalence of Hirsutism among the normal healthy female population based on the mFG score was relatively high.
Camelid herding may homogenize Andean grassland plant communities

10 The current global decline in biodiversity is a matter of pressing concern, necessitating the 11 conservation of diverse ecosystems across various spatial scales. Regions such as the 12 tropical Andes face the imminent threat of biotic homogenization due to intensive 13 livestock grazing, posing a signiﬁcant risk to biodiversity. This study is focused on the 14 sub-humid grasslands of northwestern Bolivia, within the the National Park Apolobamba. 15 We investigate the inﬂuence of environmental factors on plant diversity within and among 16 communities across seven distinct sites. Our research reveals that local plant diversity, 17 quantiﬁed by species richness and the inverse Simpson index, is predominantly shaped by 18 soil pH. Notably, more acidic soil is associated with diminished diversity. Furthermore, 19 our ﬁndings
Gauge Theory and Low-Dimensional Topology: Progress and Interaction

We prove that any closed simply connected smooth 4-manifold is 16-fold branched covered by a product of an orientable surface with the 2-torus, where the construction is natural with respect to spin structures. In particular this solves Problem 4.113(C) in Kirby’s list. We also discuss analogous results for other families of 4-manifolds with infinite fundamental groups
A Contrastive Study on the Difference in Community Participation in Tourism Between China and the West

There has been a rapid tourism development in China in recent years. Researchers have been studying many aspects of tourism. However, community participation in tourism is scarcely studied; research in this aspect is far behind the scene of tourism development. Therefore, the study of community participation in China must be based on the understanding of the differences in the background and perspective between China and the West. A contrastive analysis would reveal differences in community participation in the Chinese and Western contexts, so that China can use Western theories for reference in constructing Chinese models. The current studies in China are based on fieldwork of anthropology. Fieldwork lasted four years in the communities of the Dai minority in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province, of the Yulong River and of Shiwaitaoyuan in Yangshuo of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The studies in the West are based on the second-hand materials data from the Western researchers.There are very distinct differences in the community participation in tourism development between China and the West. In social implication points of interests, degree of involvement, participant roles, and stage of involvement are all different between the West and China. Though both China and the West are after economic gain, the West has seen the (potential) negative impacts while China is still only after profit. In terms of participation in tourism, the West plays an active role, while all participants in China participate passively. At a result, the parties involved would find themselves in the following chain of reaction: community's pursuit of interest unsatisfied→confrontation and conflicts→government passively reacting to issues concerned→measures proposed→some temporary policies made→impacts on the tourism development in communities→new problems found→new solutions sought after→readjusting the ways of community involvement and the direction of tourism development. The passive state that the residents, the government and the enterprises participate in would eventually lead to the passivity of sustainable tourism development.Community participation in the West is very substantial, from that in planning to management, operation, financial gain and protection of the culture, while community participation in China is superficial or non-existent, where participation is only at the economic level. As long as China has not caught up with the West in areas of democracy, in non-governmental organizations, in the stage of tourism development, in the land tenure, the government plays a crucial role in the decision-making, management and finding out what the community wants in tourism development. Avoid the mistake of thinking that the government can make decisions for the community, that the residents are ignorant and powerless, that they are in a disadvantaged position and have no direct role to play in influencing the direction of tourism development. In fact, the ability for community participation can be developed.
Lifecycle of Updrafts and Mass Flux in Isolated Deep Convection over the Amazon Rainforest: Insights from Cell Tracking

Long term observations of deep convective cloud (DCC) vertical velocity and mass flux were 10 collected during the GoAmazon2014/5 experiment. Precipitation echoes from a surveillance weather radar near Manaus, Brazil are tracked to identify and evaluate the isolated DCC lifecycle evolution during the dry and wet seasons. A Radar Wind Profiler (RWP) provides precipitation and air motion profiles to estimate the vertical velocity, mass flux, and mass transport rates within overpassing DCC cores as a function of the tracked cell lifecycle stage. The average radar 15 reflectivity factor (Z), DCC area (A), and surface rainfall rate (R) increased with DCC lifetime as convective cells were developing, reached a peak as the cells matured, and decreased thereafter as cells dissipated. As the convective cells mature, cumulative DCC properties exhibit stronger updraft behaviors with higher upward mass flux and transport rates above the melting layer (compared to initial 20 and later lifecycle stages). In comparison, developing DCCs have the lowest Z associated with weak updrafts, and negative mass flux and transport rates above the melting layer. Over the DCC lifetime, the height of the maximum downward mass flux decreased whereas the height of maximum net mass flux increased. During the dry season, the tracked DCCs had higher Z, propagation speed, and DCC area, and were more isolated spatially compared to the wet season. 25 Dry season DCCs exhibit higher Z, mass flux, and mass transport rate while developing whereas wet season DCCs exhibit higher Z, mass flux, and mass transport rates at later stages.
The effect of pre-event instructions on eyewitness identification

Eyewitness identification research has informed policies and procedures, but experiments on eyewitness identification often use unrealistic testing methods. Part of these unrealistic methods are pre-event instructions given before the participant is exposed to the crime. Instructions can direct attention, thus lead to better accuracy. If previous research had used pre-event instructions, results may have overestimated people’s ability to identify culprits correctly and called into question the validity of previous conclusions. This would not be an issue if usage of pre-event instructions were reported in the literature, as comparisons could be made between studies that did use them or between studies that did not. Due to the inconsistent reporting of pre-event instructions, the true impact of pre-event instructions on eyewitness accuracy and confidence was previously unknown, a gap the current study aimed to fill. A between-subjects experiment was conducted. 623 participants were randomly assigned either detailed or vague pre-event instructions, viewed a crime video, and identified the culprit from a lineup and gave their confidence rating. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed no significant difference in accuracy levels between both conditions. Confidence-accuracy characteristic analysis revealed detailed pre-event instructions resulted in more trustworthy suspect-identifications. The implications of these findings for both the field of eyewitness identification and the justice system are discussed, with suggestions for further research.
BRAFV600E vs. TIRADS in predicting papillary thyroid cancers in Bethesda system I, III, and V nodules

Objective Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) categories I, III, and V account for a significant proportion of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) diagnoses. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic efficacy of BRAFV600E mutation and the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) classification in differentiating papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs) from benign lesions among BSRTC I, III, and V nodules. Methods A total of 472 patients with 479 nodules were enrolled in this prospective study. Ultrasound, BRAFV600E mutation testing, and FNAC were performed in each nodule, followed by surgery or regular ultrasound examination. Results In the BSRTC I category, BRAFV600E showed similar sensitivity, higher specificity, and lower accuracy when compared with TIRADS. In the BSRTC III/V category, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of BRAFV600E were similar to those of TIRADS. In comparison to BRAFV600E alone, the combination of the two methods significantly improved sensitivity (BSRTC I: 93.6% vs. 67.7%, P < 0.01; BSRTC III: 93.8% vs. 75.0%, P < 0.01; BSRTC V: 96.0% vs. 85.3%, P < 0.001). When compared with TIRADS alone, the combination improved sensitivity in BSRTC I nodules (93.6% vs. 74.2%, P < 0.05), increased sensitivity and decreased accuracy in BSRTC III nodules (93.8% vs. 75.0%, P < 0.01, 91.0% vs. 93.6%, P < 0.01), and improved both sensitivity and accuracy in BSRTC V nodules (96.0% vs. 82.0%, P < 0.001; 94.2% vs. 81.3%, P < 0.001). Conclusions BRAFV600E exhibited higher specificity and lower accuracy compared with TIRADS in BSRTC I nodules, while the two methods showed similar diagnostic value in BSRTC III/V nodules. The combination of the two methods distinctly improved sensitivity in the diagnosis of PTCs in BSRTC I, III, and V nodules.
Int. J. Human – Computer Studies

There has been a market surge in both provision of and demand for ﬁ tness applications and sport wearables. These wearables often come equipped with highly sophisticated biometric data (e.g. heart rate) functionalities that make the capture and sharing of such biometric data increasingly common practice. A few research studies have considered the e ﬀ ect that sharing biometric data has on those individuals sharing this data. However, little is known regarding the social impact of sharing this data in real-time and online. In this study, we investigate whether there is value in sharing heart rate data within social applications and whether sharing this data in ﬂ uences the behavior of those seeing this data. We do so by conducting a study where the heart rate data of runners competing in a 5-km road race is shared in real-time with 140 online spectators. We collect rich quantitative data of user interaction though server logs, and a qualitative data set through interviews and online users' comments. We then compare and contrast the behavior of online spectators who are presented with heart rate data together with contextual data, and those who are only presented with contextual data, for example, location. We also examine whether this di ﬀ erence is dependent on the social relation between the athletes and the spectators. Results indicate that spectators who are presented with the runners' heart rate data support the athletes more and rate the presented system more positively. These e ﬀ ects are dependent on the social tie between the athletes and spectators. This is one of the ﬁ rst studies to carry out an empirical investigation in the wild on the e ﬀ ects of sharing heart rate data in an online social context. In this light, in addition to supporting earlier literature, the outcomes present new insights and research directions within the sporting context.