Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Residual ridge resorption: A major oral disease entity in relation to bone density

Residual ridge resorption (RRR) is a common and often incapacitating problem, particularly for persons with edentulous mandible. Reduction of residual ridges needs to be recognized for what it is: A major unsolved oral disease that causes physical, psychologic, and economic problems for millions of people all over the world. RRR is a chronic, progressive, irreversible, and disabling disease, probably of multifactorial origin. Most resorption occurs in the alveolar process, whereas the basal portion remains relatively intact. At present, the relative importance of various cofactors is not known. Not only does the volume of the ridge decrease, but also the density of the basal portion decreases as a result of the diminished function. After the age of 40 years, the bone mineral density of the skeleton decreases, so that by the age of 65 years approximately one-third of the bone minerals have been lost. This article reviews the literature on RRR and components that may affect the rate of resorption. The following article presents information from English peer-reviewed journals identified by a Medline search covering the years from 1960 to 2010 and attempts to integrate information available in the dental literature.
Simultaneous α-amylase and protease production by the soil bacterium Bacillus sp. SMIA-2 under submerged culture using whey protein concentrate and corn steep liquor: compatibility of enzymes with commercial detergents

Protease and α-amylase production by a thermophilic Bacillus sp. SMIA-2 cultivated in liquid cultures containing 0.25% (w/v) starch as a carbon source reached a maximum at 18 hours (47 U.mg-1 Protein) and 36 hours (325 U.mg-1 Protein), respectively. Culture medium supplementation with whey protein concentrate (0.1%, w/v) and corn steep liquor (0.3%, w/v) not only improved the production of both enzymes but also enabled them to be produced simultaneously. Under these conditions, α-amylase and protease production reached a maximum in 18 hours with levels of 401 U.mg-1 protein and 78 U.mg-1 protein, respectively. The compatibility of the enzymes produced with commercial laundry detergent was investigated. In the presence of Campeiro® detergent, α-amylase activity increased while protease activity decreased by about 27%. These enzymes improved the cleaning power of Campeiro® detergent since they were able to remove egg yolk and tomato sauce stains when used in this detergent.
Mortality Trends and Cause of Death Among Infants Weighing 2.5 kg or More at Birth in an Inner City Hospital Over an 18 Year Period

Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) has declined significantly from 1970 to 1990. Based on data review from 1981 until 2006 the preterm delivery rate reached a peak of 12.8% of all births in 2006 and has declined in both 2007 (12.7%) and 2008 (12.3%). The objectives were to review mortality of infants weighing more than 2.5 kg at birth. At our institution all infants weighing 2.5 kg or more at birth who died were identified and their cause of death ascertained. From January 1991 to December 2008, there were a total of 54,966 live births; 49,451 (89.9%) weighing over 2.5 kg at birth. Thirty-five out of 49,451 infants died during their hospital stay. Of these 35 infants, 4 died at more than 28 days of life and 3 infants died at other tertiary care centers after transfer. They were included in the hospital NMR of 0.7 per 1000 live births. The overall NMR decreased from 6.1 per 1000 live births for 1991-1999 to 4.3 per 1000 live births for 2000-2008. The NMR of infants weighing more than or equal to 2.5 kg also declined from 0.9 per 1000 live births to 0.4 per 1000 live births over the same periods. A decline in mortality in our population is due to a decrease in the number of deaths from labor complications and acquired conditions.
Resistência do Aedes aegypti ao temefós em Municípios do Estado do Ceará

The susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to temefos was evaluated by means of samples of eggs and larvae from four large counties in the state of Ceara (Fortaleza, Barbalha, Juazeiro do Norte and Crato). The technique standardized by the World Health Organization for tests with larvicides was used. The CL50 of eight samples from populations of Aedes was determined, as were their respective resistance ratios, compared to the CL50 of the susceptible Rockefeller strain. All populations submitted to the experiment showed resistance to temefos, with resistance ratios varying between 8 and 16. Analysis of these results reinforces prior evidence regarding the dissemination of temefos resistance in different locations in the state, subjected to considerable pressure for control in recent decades. The larvicide may lose its effectiveness if an urgent attempt is not made to reestablish the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti in these areas, profoundly affecting control campaigns currently under way.
Preferential Protection of Domains II and III of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Aa Toxin by Brush Border Membrane Vesicles

The surface exposed Leucine 371 on loop 2 of domain II, in Cry1Aa toxin, was mutated to Lysine to generate the trypsin-sensitive mutant, L371K. Upon trypsin digestion L371K is cleaved into approximately 37 and 26 kDa fragments. These are separable on SDS-PAGE, but remain as a single molecule of 65 kDa upon purification by liquid chromatography. The larger fragment is domain I and a portion of domain II (amino acid residues 1 to 371). The smaller 26-kDa polypeptide is the remainder of domain II and domain III (amino acids 372 to 609). When the mutant toxin was treated with high dose of M. sexta gut juice both fragments were degraded. However, when incubated with M. sexta BBMV, the 26 kDa fragment (domains II and III) was preferentially protected from gut juice proteases. As previously reported, wild type Cry1Aa toxin was also protected against degradation by gut juice proteases when incubated with M. sexta BBMV. On the contrary, when mouse BBMV was added to the reaction mixture neither Cry1Aa nor L371K toxins showed resistance to M. sexta gut juice proteases and were degraded. Since the whole Cry1Aa toxin and most of the domain II and domain III of L371K are protected from proteases in the presence of BBMV of the target insect, we suggest that the insertion of the toxin into the membrane is complex and involves all three domains.
TAMAÑO DE PUESTA, SITIOS DE NIDIFICACIÓN Y ÉXITO REPRODUCTIVO DEL CAIQUÉN (CHLOEPHAGA PICTA GMELIN, 1789) EN LA RESERVA DE BIOSFERA CABO DE HORNOS, CHILE

Los estudios sobre la biologia del caiquen (Chloephaga picta) en los ecosistemas subantarticos de Chile son escasos y, fundamentalmente, constituyen registros anecdoticos sobre la especie. Con el fin de aportar en su conocimiento, se estudio su biologia reproductiva en terminos del tamano de puesta, sitios de nidificacion y exito reproductivo en funcion de variables del habitat en isla Navarino (54-55oS), Reserva de Biosfera Cabo de Hornos (RBCH), Chile. Se monitorearon 79 nidos en habitats costeros durante 54 dias del periodo reproductivo en 2005/2006 y durante 59 dias en 2006/2007. El tamano de puesta fue 6,1 ± 1,2 huevos. Los nidos fueron preferentemente construidos en aquellos sitios costeros con pendiente baja (0-10o), en habitat de matorral (70,5%), dominado por Chiliotrichum diffussum (30,8%) y Berberis buxifolia (24,4%). Las piedras fueron el elemento mayoritario en los habitats de nidificacion (50,1%). La cobertura vegetacional sobre el nido fue baja (0-25%) en un 82,1% de los nidos, y la adyacente fue intermedia (25-50%) en un 29,5% de ellos. Un 39,7% de los nidos fue construido en habitats con una cobertura relativamente alta (>40%). En total, un 36,7% de los nidos presentaron eclosion de huevos (exitosos segun metodo tradicional) y un 57,0% de los nidos fueron depredados. No se encontro una asociacion del exito o fracaso de nidificacion a variables de habitat. La probabilidad de exito reproductivo fue de un 20,0% (metodo Mayfield). Ambos valores calculados estan por debajo de los reportados para otras especies de gansos (>60%) y, tambien, de los reportados para esta especie (61-75%) en islas Malvinas-Falklands 300 km de isla Navarino). Este estudio muestra la necesidad de conocer mas aspectos de la biologia y conservacion de C. picta en la RBCH, particularmente cuando se consideran los cambios ambientales (especies invasoras, desarrollo turistico, cambio climatico, etc.) que estan ocurriendo en los sistemas subantarticos.
Ca2+ permeable AMPA/kainate channels permit rapid injurious Ca2+ entry.

Small subsets of central neurons possessing Ca 2+ permeable AMPA/kainate channels can be identified by a bistochemical stain based on kainate-stimulated Co 2+ uptake (Co 2+ (+) neurons) and are unusually vulnerable to AMPA/kainate receptor-mediated iniury. Using brief kainate exposures (which selectively destroy Co 2+ (+) neurons) along with kainate triggered 45 Ca 2+ influx measurements, we estimate kainate to cause an unusually high rate of Ca 2+ influx into Co 2+ (+) neurons. Also, while fura-2 Ca 2+ imaging revealed low (10 μM) kainate exposures to preferentially induce intracellular free Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) elevations in Co 2+ (+) neurons, intense (100 μM) kainate exposures used in the 45 Ca 2+ influx studies triggered comparable [Ca 2+ ] i rises in all neurons. These findings suggest that the exceptional vulnerability of Co 2+ (+) neurons to AMPA/kainate receptor-mediated injury reflects a high rate of agonist triggered Ca 2+ influx, and that [Ca 2+ ] i rises may only poorly reflect influx rate
Wildlife vertebrate mortality in roads from Santa Fe Province, Argentina

Mortality of vertebrates was monitored on 2 roads (National Road 168; NR168 and Provincial Road 1; PR1) in Santa Fe Province (Argentina) from October 2007 to August 2008. These roads differed in traffic volume and surrounding landscape management conditions. We also investigated the influence of environmental variables (mean monthly air temperature and monthly total rainfall) on the incidence of road kills. Two people monitored the roads on foot (1 000-m line transects), 3 times a month (36 samples per road). We found 2 024 vertebrate road killed specimens representing 61 species (7 amphibians, 15 reptiles, 32 birds, and 7 mammals). The toad Rhinella fernandezae was the most frequently killed species (n = 1307, 64.57%). NR168 had a higher incidence of vertebrate road kills, particularity for amphibians, whereas birds had a higher incidence of road kills on PR1. We found a positive correlation between precipitation and temperature with vertebrate road kills on PR1. We suggest that vertebrate road mortality is a very serious problem for the conservation of the biodiversity in Santa Fe Province-Argentina, therefore implementing mitigation measures will be necessary.
Detection of Helicobacter pylori antibodies among patients from Sudan with skin manifestations

This study was conducted in Alnour Medical Center, Khartoum–Sudan, during the period from June 2013 to April 2014. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of acute and chronic forms of Helicobacter pylori in patients with skin manifestation. Sixty nine blood samples from patients suffering from skin manifestations and control were collected and separated for serum and investigated for Helicobacter pylori antibodies (IgA, IgG) by using ELISA technique. The acute infection of Helicobacter pylori was detected in 51 samples that means the prevalence of gastric disease related to skin manifestation was 73.9%. Helicobacter pylori antibody IgG were detected in 42 samples which means the prevalence of chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori related to skin manifestations was 60.9%. The study shows higher prevalence among the age group 30-40 years compared to other age groups. High acute infection was in females 54.9% while the highest chronic infection was in males 52.4%. The location, and occupation have no significant difference with infection (pvalue>0.05). The relationship between acute infection and symptoms were significant in people who have PLE (Polymorphic light eruption) and Eczema that means PLE, eczema, and alopecia may be due to infection of this bacteria (p-value=0.003). The study also, demonstrated that there was relationship between chronic infection and people who have PLE or eczema or alopecia that means infection of this bacteria may increase the infection with PLE, eczema, and skin rash and pigment (p-value=0.004).
EFECTO DEL SUSTRATO SOBRE LA DESCOMPOSICIÓN DE HOJARASCA EN TRES ESPECIES DE MANGLE EN LA RESERVA DE BIOSFERA SEAFLOWER, CARIBE COLOMBIANO

La presencia de manglares en pequenas islas caribenas como Providencia y SantaCatalina es fundamental, pues sirven de barrera mitigadora contra eventuales tormentasy huracanes. Los manglares a su vez, requieren de aportes de sedimento para sumantenimiento y crecimiento. El aporte de sedimento en estas islas, carentes de fuentesaloctonas, esta dado principalmente por la descomposicion de la propia hojarasca delmanglar. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue cuantifi car las tasas de descomposicionde hojarasca de tres especies de manglar en los humedales mas representativos de lasislas, en diferentes sustratos de descomposicion: agua, turba y superfi cie del bosque.La velocidad de descomposicion en cada uno de los sitios fue mas rapida durantelas primeras tres semanas, donde se presento la mayor perdida de biomasa, seguidade un periodo de lenta descomposicion hasta el fi nal del periodo de muestreo. Elmodelo simple exponencial, calculado con los datos de peso remanente a lo largode las 11 semanas de experimentacion, fue el que mejor se ajusto a la dinamica dedescomposicion. El ANOVA de medidas repetidas mostro diferencias signifi cativasentre especies; las hojas de Rhizophora mangle se descompusieron a menor velocidad(K = 0.020 ±0.007) que las de Avicennia germinans y Laguncularia racemosa (K =0.021 ±0.01; K = 0.022 ±0.006). Estas tasas de descomposicion proveen informacionvaliosa acerca del movimiento del material vegetal en cada uno de los manglaresestudiados y del aporte que cada especie le proporciona al medio.
Angiographic characteristics of premature coronary artery disease in Pakistani population; a prospective cross-sectional study

Objective: To study the angiographic characteristics of premature coronary artery disease in our population. Methodology: From April 2014 to March 2015, coronary angiograms of 102 patients less than 40 years of age with a definitive diagnosis of ischemic heart disease were studied. Traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis were documented. Mode of presentation and symptoms were recorded along with angiographic findings of coronary artery disease severity, degree of coronary involvement, culprit vessel, lesion morphology, coronary dominance, coronary ectasia and left ventricular systolic function. Results: Mean age was 36.4±4.1 years and 91% were male. Overall, left ventricular systolic function were fairly preserved (82%). 52% patients had single vessel CAD, 25% had double vessel while 19% had triple vessel coronary artery disease. Four patients had no luminal stenosis on coronary angiogram. LAD was the culprit vessel in 58.8%, RCA in 24.5% and left circumflex artery in 16.7% cases. More than 82% culprit lesions were severe or critical. 58% lesions were morphologically complex B2/C type while only 42% lesions were type A/B1. Coronary ectasia was seen in nearly 25% cases and all had ACS presentation. Right dominance was more common than left (57.8% vs 37.3%) while only 4.9% cases had dual posterior septal supply. Conclusion: Premature CAD in our population is acutely symptomatic, severe, complex (B2/C), single vessel disease (primarily involving LAD artery) with fairly preserved left ventricular systolic function and there was an unheralded prevalence of coronary ectasia.
CRECIMIENTO Y SUPERVIVENCIA DEL LANGOSTINO (Macrobrachium tenellum) EN CULTIVOS EXPERIMENTALES DE VERANO Y OTOÑO EN LA COSTA TROPICAL DEL PACÍFICO MEXICANO

"Para fines de cultivo, Macrobrachium tenellum es considerado como un buen candidato pues no es agresivo ni presenta canibalismo, puede tolerar un amplio rango de temperaturas, salinidades y concentraciones de oxigeno. El presente trabajo evalua el cultivo semiintensivo de M. tenellum bajo condiciones ambientales de verano y otono con especial atencion en la temperatura del agua. Los resultados de los cultivos experimentales en la costa tropical del Pacifico mexicano, sugieren que esta especie demuestra mejor crecimiento durante el final de la primavera, verano y principios del otono, epoca en que la temperatura promedio del agua es cercana a 30°C. Mientras que los cultivos de finales de otono e inicios de invierno demuestran crecimientos minimos, con una temperatura promedio del agua de cultivo de 27°C. Otros parametros fisicoquimicos como pH, concentracion de O2 y turbidez en el agua de cultivo fueron similares en todos los cultivos experimentales por lo que se sugiere que el factor temperatura fue el determinante en las diferencias encontradas en el crecimiento. "
Neuronal Cell Survival

One of the central issues in neuroscience today is the study of the mechanisms of neuronal survival. Since the discovery of nerve growth factor (almost 60 years ago), many groups have clearly demonstrated the central role of neurotrophins on the regulation of neuronal cell survival during developmental stages as well as during adult life. However, neurotrophins are not alone in regulating neuronal survival, and many groups have demonstrated the effect of different cytokines on this phenomenon. In this brief review we will address the effect of interleukins (IL), particularly IL-2, IL-6, and IL-4, on the survival of neuronal cells.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Talons of Diurnal Bird of Prey

The aim of this work is to establish qualitative and quantitative differences and similarities among talons lacking the keratin sheath in diurnal raptors. We set out to find a tool that allows for the determination of toe (I-IV) and hindlimb (left or right) identity. Different methodologies were used, such as classical anatomical descriptions and Fourier analysis of the medial contour of the ungual phalanx. A series of measurements and ratios were obtained and analysed using t-tests and principal components analysis. The qualitative descriptors are more important than quantitative analyses for assessing ungual phalanx identity. They allowed us to differentiate between hindlimbs and among toes corresponding to the talons of D-I, D-II and D-III, while the assignment of D-IV was complicated by its symmetry. The t-test showed that digits I and II did not differ in any measurement or ratio, whereas it showed several differences among the other digits. Fourier analysis was useful only when it was applied to one species with a large number of specimens. This work is an important contribution to the paleontological field where it is common to find isolated phalanges, and consequently, their identification is very difficult.
Características y potencialidades de Moringa oleifera, Lamark. Una alternativa para la alimentación animal

Moringa oleifera es la especie mas conocida del genero Moringa. Es un arbol originario del sur del Himalaya, el nordeste de la India, Bangladesh, Afganistan y Pakistan. Se encuentra diseminado en una gran parte del planeta y en America Central; se conoce con diversos nombres comunes: palo jeringa, acacia y jazmin frances, entre otros. El presente articulo trata diferentes aspectos de esta especie, tales como: su origen y distribucion, los factores agronomicos y la produccion de biomasa, la composicion quimica y su utilizacion. Es una planta que se destaca por sus multiples usos y adaptacion a diferentes condiciones edafoclimaticas, por lo que constituye una opcion para la alimentacion, sobre todo en los paises tropicales. Se concluye que la arbustiva M. oleifera tiene una gran plasticidad ecologica, ya que es capaz de adaptarse a las mas diversas condiciones de suelo y clima. Su valor nutricional y los elevados rendimientos de biomasa, la hacen un recurso fitogenetico de importancia en los sistemas de produccion. Ademas es una planta que se puede emplear como cerca viva, cortina rompevientos, abono verde y para la produccion de etanol y goma, entre otros; de ahi que sea una especie interesante para el tropico.
Dinâmica folicular e taxa de prenhez em novilhas receptoras de embrião (Bos taurus indicus x Bos taurus taurus) tratadas com o protocolo "Ovsynch" para inovulação em tempo fixo

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the synchronization of ovulation for fixed-time embryo transfer in crossbred recipient heifers (Bos taurus indicus x Bos taurus taurus). At Experiment 1, ovarian ultrasonography was performed to evaluate follicular dynamics during the "Ovsynch" protocol (G1; n=35) or single PGF2a injection (G2; n=34). At Experiment 2, the same treatments were used at field conditions in 168 (G1) and 177 (G2) heifers. On D6, ovarian ultrasonography and blood collection for P4 assay were performed. On D7, a embryo was transferred. At Experiment 1, 45.7% of the heifers ovulated after the 1st and 74.3% after the 2nd GnRH injection (P 0.05). Thus, the pregnancy rate in Gl was 35.7% and 25.4% in G2 (P<0.05). Estrus was detected in 53.7% of the recipients in G2 and 33.3% in those of the Gl (P<0.05). It was verified that CL with larger area induced an increase on P4 concentration and on the conception rate of both groups (P<0.05). The synchronization of ovulation for fixed-time embryo transfer increased the ovulation, the selection and the pregnancy rates in recipient heifers.
Preparo convencional e cultivo mínimo do solo na cultura de mandioca em condições de adubação verde com ervilhaca e aveia preta

Soil tillage for cassava cropping is tradicionally executed by a number of rowing and tillage which may result in alteration of the physical and chemical soil properties. The use of plants for green cover manure and the use of minimum tillage may contribute to reduction of soil erosion and to facilitate manual harvest. An experiment in eutrophic Oxisol, located in Marechal Cândido Rondon country state of Parana, Brazil, was carried out to collect information on the physical soil properties, harvest effort strength and cassava productivity. Experimental design was composed by eight treatments with four repetitions on a 2x4 factorial. Were used two soil tillage (conventional and minimum) and four soil cover types: common vetch (Vicia sativa), black oat (Avena strigosa), common vetch plus black oat and bare soil. The results showed that soil density and resistance to penetration in the 0-10cm layer were higher under conventional than under minimum tillage. There were no differences for cassava harvest effort and cassava productivity between soil tillage treatments as well as among types of soil cover. No significant interaction was detected also. It is hypotesized that the results obtained are due to the fact that soil used did not have compaction, the soil had a high degree of natural fertility and there was no water stress during the experiment. Consequenthy, minimum tillage may substitute conventional tillage and reduce costs for cassava cropping.
Green Tea Consumption on Serum Lipids and Blood Sugar Levels in Puducherry Subjects

Green tea is the most important beverage which is used worldwide. It has become a subject of interest because of the beneficial effects on human health in recent years. Consumption of green tea has been associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, associated with reduced incidence of cardiovascular mortality, stroke and myocardial infarction. In our study, Green tea extract is given orally for the students and staff of our college for about two months and found that green tea reduces the Cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL and the ratio of Cholesterol HDL/HDL but there is no much change in blood glucose and HDL levels when compared with the baseline values. The results of this study say that green tea has a significant effect on lipid profile. Besides that, green tea is capable of improving the impaired kidney function.