Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical activity motives, barriers, and preferences in people with obesity: A systematic review

Background Although the benefits of physical activity (PA) are well known, physical inactivity is highly prevalent among people with obesity. The objective of this systematic review was to i) appraise knowledge on PA motives, barriers, and preferences in individuals with obesity, and ii) quantify the most frequently reported PA motives, barriers and preferences in this population. Methods Six databases (Pubmed, CINAHL, Psyarticle, SportDiscus, Web of science and Proquest) were searched by independent reviewers to identify relevant quantitative or qualitative articles reporting PA motives, barriers or preferences in adults with body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 (last searched in June 2020). Risk of bias for each study was assessed by two independent reviewers with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Results From 5,899 papers identified, a total of 27 studies, 14 quantitative, 10 qualitative and 3 mixed studies were included. About 30% of studies have a MMAT score below 50% (k = 8). The three most reported PA motives in people with obesity were weight management, energy/physical fitness, and social support. The three most common PA barriers were lack of self-discipline/motivation, pain or physical discomfort, and lack of time. Based on the only 4 studies available, walking seems to be the preferred mode of PA in people with obesity. Conclusions Weight management, lack of motivation and pain are key PA motives and barriers in people with obesity, and should be addressed in future interventions to facilitate PA initiation and maintenance. Further research is needed to investigate the PA preferences of people with obesity.
Climate and species stress resistance modulate the higher survival of large seedlings in forest restoration worldwide.

Seedling planting plays a key role in active forest restoration and regeneration of managed stands. Plant attributes at outplanting can determine tree seedling survival and consequently early success of forest plantations. While many studies show that large seedlings of the same age within a species have higher survival than small ones, others report the opposite. This may be due to differences in environmental conditions at the planting site and in the inherent functional characteristics of species. Here, we conducted a global-scale meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of seedling size on early outplanting survival. Our meta-analysis covered 86 tree species and 142 planting locations distributed worldwide. We also assessed whether planting site aridity and key plant functional traits related to abiotic and biotic stress resistance and growth capacity, namely specific leaf area and wood density, modulate this effect. Planting large seedlings within a species consistently increases survival in forest plantations worldwide. Species functional traits modulate the magnitude of the positive seedling size-outplanting survival relationship, showing contrasting effects due to aridity and between angiosperms and gymnosperms. For angiosperms planted in arid/semiarid sites and gymnosperms in subhumid/humid sites the magnitude of the positive effect of seedling size on survival was maximized in species with low specific leaf area and high wood density, characteristics linked to high stress resistance and slow growth. By contrast, high specific leaf area and low wood density maximized the positive effect of seedling size on survival for angiosperms planted in subhumid/humid sites. Results have key implications for implementing forest plantations globally, especially for adjusting nursery cultivation to species functional characteristics and planting site aridity. Nursery cultivation should promote large seedlings, especially for stress sensitive angiosperms planted in humid sites and for stress-resistant species planted in dry sites.
Hyperbaric hyperoxemia as a risk factor for ventilator-acquired pneumonia?

Objectives Ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) is the leading cause of serious associated infections in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and is associated with significant morbidity. The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in patients on mechanical ventilation may increase exposure to certain risk factors such as hyperoxemia and the need for multiple transfers. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship between HBOT and VAP. Method This retrospective observational study was performed from March 2017 to March 2018 in a 10-bed ICU using HBOT. All patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) for more than 48 hours were eligible. VAP was defined using clinical and radiological criteria. Data collection was carried out via digital medical records. Risk factors for VAP were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Forty-two (23%) of the 182 patients enrolled developed at least one episode of VAP. One hundred and twenty-four (68%) patients received HBOT. The incidence rate of VAP was 34 per 1000 ventilator days. The occurrence of VAP was significantly associated with immunosuppression (p<0.029), MV duration (5 [3–7] vs 8 [5–11.5] days, p<0.0001), length of stay (8 [5–13] vs 19.5 [13–32] days, p<0.0001), reintubation (p<0.0001), intra-hospital transport (p = 0.001), use of paralytic agents (p = 0.013), tracheotomy (p = 0.003) and prone position (p = 0.003). The use of HBOT was not associated with the occurrence of VAP. Multivariate analysis identified reintubation (OR: 8.3 [2.6–26.6]; p<0.0001), intra-hospital transport (OR: 3.5 [1.3–9.2]; p = 0.011) and the use of paralytic agents (OR: 3.3 [1.3–8.4]; p = 0.014) as independent risk factors for VAP. Conclusion Known risk factors for VAP are to be found within our ICU population. HBOT, however, is not an extra risk factor for VAP within this group. Further experimental and clinical investigations are needed to understand the impact of HBOT on the occurrence of VAP and on physiological microbiome.
The impact of MYC gene amplification on the clinicopathological features and prognosis of radiation‐associated angiosarcomas of the breast

Radiation‐associated angiosarcomas (RT‐ASs) of the breast are rare tumours with a poor prognosis. MYC gene amplification is considered to be the hallmark of RT‐AS, and is sometimes used as a diagnostic tool to distinguish it from other radiation‐associated vascular lesions. However, a small subset of RT‐ASs lacks MYC amplification, and this may be associated with better outcome. Loss of trimethylation at lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3) expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been recently postulated as an additional diagnostic marker for RT‐AS. The aims of this study were to evaluate the impact of MYC amplification as detected by fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation and/or next‐generation sequencing on clinicopathological features and outcome in a large cohort of RT‐ASs, compare outcome with those of radiation‐associated sarcomas (RT‐Ss) of the breast other than angiosarcoma, and evaluate expression of H3K27me3 IHC in these groups.
Does a slight change in serum creatinine matter in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients?

plications in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although COVID-19 is characterized by atypical pneumonia and subsequent severe respiratory failure, approximately 10% of inpatients with COVID-19 reportedly suffer from AKI [1], which is significantly associated with poor outcomes [2]. Successive recent publications have reported an even higher global incidence of AKI. Patients with COVID-19 who are being treated in intensive care units (ICUs) are the most susceptible to severe AKI, which requires renal replacement therapy. However, the pathophysiology of COVID-19-associated AKI remains to be determined; systemic inflammation, hypovolemia, nephrotoxic drugs, various lung-kidney interactions (such as possible renal congestion presumably caused by high levels of positive end expiratory pressure), and direct viral cytopathic effects on the renal epithelium and podocytes are all possible mechanisms currently in discussion [3]. With no specific treatment for COVID-19-assoEditorial
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and hormonal-metabolic profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

AIM of the study was to compare serum levels of IGF-1, IGF-2 and insulin‑like growth factor‑binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) among non‑obese and obese PCOS women, and to assess their relationship to metabolic and hormonal parameters. METHODS: The study included 64 women diagnosed with PCOS (age 28.9 ± 5 years); 30 of them with BMI > 27 and 34 with BMI lower than 27. All subjects were examined for parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, steroid hormones and serum IGF-1, IGF-2 and IGFBP-3 levels. RESULTS No significant differences in serum IGFBP-3 (p=0.534), IGF-1 (p=0.29) and IGF-2 (p=0.56) between two groups have been detected. IGFBP-3 was in positive correlation with total cholesterol (p=0.026), LDL cholesterol (p=0.03) and triacylglycerols (p=0.022). IGF-1 were negatively correlated with insulin (p=0.022), HOMA IR (p=0.033), triacylglycerols (p=0.0196) and waist circumference (p=0.049). A positive correlation was detected between IGF-1 and HDL cholesterol (p=0.025). No significant relationship was observed between IGF-1 and steroid hormones. CONCLUSION Serum levels of IGF-1, IGF-2 and IGFBP-3 in obese PCOS women do not differ from those detected in non‑obese PCOS women. IGF-1 negatively correlated with metabolic parameters, indicating that lower IGF-1 may represent an important predictor of metabolic syndrome (MS) in PCOS women. All peptides seem to have little effect on ovarian steroidogenesis in PCOS (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 30).
Allograft Fibrosis After Pediatric Liver Transplantation: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Evolution

Allograft fibrosis (AF) after pediatric liver transplantation (pLT) is frequent, but its dynamics are unclear. Our aim was to assess the evolution and risk factors of AF after pLT. A retrospective single‐center analysis of pLT patients with a follow‐up of ≥5 years who underwent protocol liver biopsies at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 5 years, and 10 years was performed. Fibrosis was assessed using the METAVIR and Ishak systems and the liver allograft fibrosis score (LAFs). Of 219 pLTs performed from 2008 to 2018, 80 (36.5%) pLTs were included, and 320 biopsies were reviewed. At 6 months after pLT, fibrosis was found in 54 (67.5%) patients by the METAVIR/Ishak systems and in 59 (73.8%) by the LAFs (P = 0.65). By 5 years, AF was detected in 67 (83.8%), 69 (86.3%), and 72 (90%) specimens using the METAVIR, Ishak, and LAFs systems, respectively (P = 0.54); mild (METAVIR, 51 [63.8%]; Ishak, 60 [75%]; LAFs, 65 [81.2%]) and moderate (METAVIR, 16 [20%]; Ishak, 9 [11.9%]; LAFs, 7 [8.8%]) stages were detected, but severe fibrosis was not found (P = 0.09). In the LAFs, fibrosis involved the portal (85%), sinusoidal (15%), and centrolobular (12%) areas. Of 18 patients with 10‐year protocol biopsies, AF was present in 16 (90%), including 1 (5.5%) with severe fibrosis. In all systems, 36.3% of patients showed fibrosis progression from 2 years to 5 years after LT, but they remained stable at the 10‐year biopsies without clinical implications. In multivariate analysis, only donor age >40 years was a risk factor for moderate AF at 5 years after LT (odds ratio, 8.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.6‐42.1, P = 0.01). Cold ischemia time (CIT) >8 hours was associated with portal (P < 0.001)/sinusoidal fibrosis (P = 0.04), donor age >40 years was associated with sinusoidal (P = 0.01)/centrilobular (P = 0.04) fibrosis, and low tacrolimus trough level within 1 year after LT was associated with centrilobular fibrosis (P = 0.02). AF has a high incidence after pLT, occurring early after transplantation. In most cases, AF is mild or moderate and remains stable in the long run without clinical implications. Donor selection, short CIT, and immunosuppression adherence are crucial to reducing the risk of advanced AF.
Cataract Surgery Practice in the Republic of Korea: A Survey of the Korean Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery 2020.

Purpose To describe current cataract surgery practice patterns and trends among Korean ophthalmologists. Methods A survey was conducted among members of the Korean Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (KSCRS) in October 2020. Of the 998 questionnaires, 262 (26.3%) were received for analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and compared with those of previous surveys. Results The largest percentage of respondents (39%) had <5 years of practical experience, and 40% had >11 years of practical experience. The average, median, and mode monthly volumes of cataract surgeries performed by KSCRS members were 31, 20, and 10 cases, respectively. Topical anesthesia was administered by 85% of the respondents. For intraocular lens (IOL) calculations, 96% of the respondents used optical biometry. The proportion of surgeons providing femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) increased significantly from 5% in 2018 to 29% in 2020. This increase was accompanied by an increase in the multifocal IOLs. Those who implant multifocal IOL for >10% of their cases increased from 16% (2018) to 29% (2020). Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were prescribed postoperatively by 76% of the respondents. Most respondents (70%) prescribed these anti-inflammatory drugs for 4 weeks. Conclusions This survey provided a comprehensive update on current cataract surgery practice in the Republic of Korea. The results highlighted the increasing use of premium IOLs, FLACS, optical biometry, and topical anesthesia to better meet the patients' needs.
Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangioscopy with the Spyglass DS Direct Visualization System in Patients with Surgically Altered Anatomy: A Pilot Study

Background/Aims Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) is used for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary diseases in patients with failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, particularly those with surgically altered anatomy. However, few studies are available on the clinical use of Spyglass DS direct visualization system (SpyDS)-assisted PTCS. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of SpyDS-assisted PTCS in patients with surgically altered anatomy, particularly those with a Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Methods Thirteen patients (six women, median age 71.4 years [range, 53 to 83 years]) with surgically altered anatomy (four Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomies, seven Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomies, and two Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomies) who underwent SpyDS-assisted PTCS between January 2019 and August 2020 were included and the data was acquired by retrospectively reviewing electronic medical record. Results A total of 19 SpyDS-assisted PTCS procedures were performed in the 13 patients eight had bile-duct stones, and five had biliary strictures. All SpyDS-assisted PTCS procedures were successfully performed. The total procedure time was 42.42±18.0 minutes (mean±standard deviation). Bile duct clearance was achieved in all bile duct stone cases after a median of 2 (range, 1 to 3) procedures. In the five biliary stricture cases, the results of SpyBite forceps-guided targeted biopsy were consistent with adenocarcinoma (100% accuracy). The median hospitalization duration was 20 days (range, 14 to 30 days). No procedure-related morbidity or mortality occurred. Conclusions SpyDS-assisted PTCS may be a safe, feasible, and effective procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary diseases in patients with surgically altered anatomy, particularly in those with the Roux-en-Y reconstruction requiring a percutaneous approach. However, our findings need to be validated in further studies.
Immunological Testing in Assisted Reproductive Technology

Abstract Fetal implantation requires carefully orchestrated involvement of the maternal immune system. Aberrant function within implantation has been suggested as a cause of implantation failure. The emergence of immunological theories of miscarriage has led to immunological testing as an adjuvant treatment in assisted reproductive technology; however, it remains controversial, with mixed evidence both for immunological cause and the benefits of immunological testing. Literature on common methods of immunological testing within assisted reproductive technology is reviewed including those of peripheral and uterine natural killer cells, chronic endometritis, and T-helper cells cytokine ratio. There is little consensus in the evidence on immunological testing in the context of recurrent implantation failure. The field is limited by a lack of uniformity in approach to testing and heterogeneity of the pathophysiological cause. Nevertheless, the maternal immune system is heavily involved in implantation and the new era of personalized medicine ensures that a more defined approach to immunological testing will be achieved.
Impact of Lens Material on Objective Refraction in Eyes with Trifocal Diffractive Intraocular Lenses

ABSTRACT Purpose Compare subjective (Rx) and objective (ObjRx) refractions outcomes with two autorefractors models and an aberrometer in eyes implanted with a hydrophobic trifocal IOL (FineVision POD F GF, Physiol, Liége, Belgium) and a hydrophilic one (FineVision POD F, Physiol, Liége, Belgium). Methods Prospective comparative cohort study, with 100 subjects randomly assigned to either the POD F group (n = 50) or the POD F-GF group (n = 50). Postoperative eye examinations at 1-month visit included seven result sets, one for each assessment method: Rx, AR (automated refraction measured with the autorefractor KR8800), WF-P (Zernike-coefficients-based objective refraction, photopic pupil size), WF-M (Zernike-coefficients-based objective refraction, mesopic pupil size), WF-4 (Zernike-coefficients-based objective refraction, 4 mm pupil), OPD-C (automated refraction measured with the aberrometer OPD in the central pupil/photopic conditions), and OPD-M (automated refraction measured with the aberrometer OPD under mesopic conditions). Results Mean differences between ObjRx and Rx reached statistical significance for sphere and spherical equivalent (M) only with OPD-C in the POD F-GF group. All ObjRx methods showed significant differences with Rx in the POD F group, with some values differing by more than 0.50 D (−0.58 D in M for the WF-P). Bland Altman plots showed better agreement for the astigmatic components, and for sphere and spherical equivalents in both IOL groups measured with AR and OPD-M. Conclusions None of the objective methods of refraction evaluated in this study were as reliable as the subjective refraction, irrespective of the lens material, but POD F-GF ObjRx seems to differ less with Rx than POD F ObjRx values.
Discussing reproductive goals with healthcare providers among women living with HIV in Canada: the role of provider gender and patient comfort

Abstract Antiretroviral therapy effectively prevents sexual and vertical transmission of HIV. Yet, some women living with HIV report having unmet needs for reproductive health care. This study measured the prevalence of women discussing reproductive goals with any current healthcare provider and assessed the effect of the current HIV care provider’s gender on such discussions and whether comfort was a mediator. We analysed baseline and 18-month survey data from 533 women living with HIV enrolled in the Canadian HIV Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS) (2013–2017), a community-based participatory study, restricting the analysis to participants aged 16–45 years. We used causal mediation analysis to estimate direct and indirect effects of the gender of one’s HIV care provider on reproductive discussions, incorporating mediating and interaction effects of women having any provider with whom they felt comfortable discussing reproductive goals. Between the baseline and 18-month follow-up surveys, 34.3% (183/533) of women discussed their reproductive goals with a healthcare provider. Having a woman HIV care provider was associated with a 1.18 excess relative risk (ERR) of discussion (95%CI: 0.15, 2.20). The mediating effect of comfort was primarily explained by the fact that those participants with women providers felt more comfortable discussing their reproductive goals compared to participants with men providers, accounting for 66% (95%CI: 32%, 99%) of the total effect. Findings support that HIV provider gender affects women’s comfort and whether they discuss reproductive goals, which must be acknowledged and addressed in care delivery.
Role of TiO2 coating layer on the performance of Cu2O photocathode in photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction

TiO2 is usually employed as a protective layer for Cu2O in photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction. However, the role of TiO2 layer on CO2 reduction activity and selectivity is still elusive. In this work, a systematic investigation is carried out to probe the impact of the deposition parameters of TiO2 overlayer, including the temperature and thickness, on CO2 reduction performance. Compositional and (photo-)electrochemical analysis is performed to explore the property of TiO2 overlayers. Carrier behavior, including donor density and electron energy, and stability of TiO2 are demonstrated to be influenced by atomic layer deposition conditions and thus play a role in controlling CO2 reduction reaction. Specifically, as the thickness of the TiO2 layer increases from 2 to 50 nm, the electron energy tends to be lowered accompanying the electron transfer mode from tunneling for TiO2 thin layers to type II for thick TiO2, leading to a decrease in CO2 reduction selectivity. With an increase of the TiO2 deposition temperature, the stability increases with a loss of conductivity. Cu2O coated with 2 nm TiO2 at 150 °C is proven to be the optimized candidate in this work for photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO, HCOOH and CH3COOH under an applied bias of −0.4 versus RHE.
The circadian clock is associated with prognosis and immune infiltration in stomach adenocarcinoma

Background: Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is one of the most prevalent malignances and ranks fifth in incidence and third in cancer-related death among all malignances. The prognosis of STAD is poor. The circadian clock is regulated by interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops that orchestrate circadian rhythms in some biological processes, including the immune response and metabolism. However, the association between core circadian clock genes and STAD patient prognosis is unclear. Materials and Methods: In our study, bioinformatics methods were performed to explore the expression and prognostic value of core circadian clock genes in STAD and their association with immune infiltration. Results: The mRNA levels of CLOCK, CRY1 and NR1D1 were upregulated, while the mRNA levels of CRY2, PER1, PER3 and RORA were downregulated in STAD tissues compared with normal tissues. Core circadian clock genes exert promoting or inhibiting effects on certain cancer-related hallmark pathways, including the DNA damage response, cell cycle, apoptosis and RAS/MAPK pathways. Moreover, core circadian clock genes were linked to drug sensitivity or drug resistance. Prognosis analysis revealed that high expression of PER1 and NR1D1 was associated with poor overall survival, progression-free survival, and disease-free survival rates in STAD patients. Validation analysis further confirmed our result. Immune infiltration analysis demonstrated that the expression of ICOSLG and CD70 was significantly correlated with immune cells, immune biomarkers, chemokines and their receptors. Conclusions: Our results suggest that NR1D1 and PER1 are prognostic biomarkers and are associated with immune infiltration in STAD.