Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Worldwide effects of non‐native species on species–area relationships

Non‐native species have invaded most parts of the world, and the invasion process is expected to continue and accelerate. Because many invading non‐native species are likely to become permanent inhabitants, future consideration of species‐area relationships (SARs) should account for non‐native species, either separately or jointly with native species. If non‐native species occupy unused niches and space in invaded areas and extinction rate of native species remains low (especially for plants), the resultant SARs (with both native and non‐native species) will likely be stronger. We used published and newly compiled data (35 data sets worldwide) to examine how species invasions affect SARs across selected taxonomic groups and diverse ecosystems around the world. We first examined the SARs for native, non‐native, and all species. We then investigated with linear regression analyses and paired or unpaired t tests how degree of invasion (proportion of non‐native species) affected postinvasion SARs. Postinvasion SARs for all species (native plus non‐native) became significantly stronger as degree of invasion increased (r2 = 0.31, p = 0.0006), thus, reshaping SARs worldwide. Overall, native species still showed stronger and less variable SARs. Also, slopes for native species were steeper than for non‐native species (0.298 vs. 0.153). There were some differences among non‐native taxonomic groups in filling new niches (especially for birds) and between islands and mainland ecosystems. We also found evidence that invasions may increase equilibrial diversity. Study of such changing species–area curves may help determine the probability of future invasions and have practical implications for conservation.
Body Building and Aminotransferase Elevations: A Review

Abstract In addition to liver injury, elevation of aminotransferases can be caused by strenuous exercise and use of muscle-building and weight-loss supplements. The purpose of this review is to discuss the various mechanisms of elevation of aminotransferases related to body building. A literature review was performed on clinical trials and case reports involving exercise or supplement use and their effects on aminotransferases. Normal aminotransferase levels varied according to gender, age, body mass index, and comorbidities. Strenuous exercise and weight lifting, especially in the unaccustomed, can cause elevated aminotransferases in the absence of liver damage. Supplements such as anabolic steroids, ephedra, and LipoKinetix, amongst others, have also been associated with aminotransferase elevations. The pattern of elevation of aminotransferases is not helpful in distinguishing liver from muscle injury. Other associated muscle enzymes can be useful in making that distinction. To prevent aminotransferase elevations, subjects not accustomed to moderate-high intensity workouts, are recommended to undertake gradual increase in intensity. When causes of liver injury have been ruled out, investigation into bodybuilding, extreme exercise, and supplement use is warranted.
Ecosystems services from natural grasslands: ¿it's possible to enhance them with more productivity?

Grazing intensity is the key component of the interrelations between plants and their environment in pastoral ecosystems. In this way, the natural structural and floristic heterogeneity that is a response to soil variability can be modified by grazing. But the degree of such alterations must to be controlled in order to maintain ecosystems services and at same time to offers an adequate nutritional environment to the herbivores. In this paper we summarize some results from a series of experiments conducted in natural pastures from south Brazil, to demonstrate how grazing control can modified structural pasture characteristics, enhancing animal performance, soil quality, water infiltration, and producing a meat with particular fatty acids composition.
The effects of risk factor disclosure on analysts’ earnings forecasts: evidence from Chinese IPOs

ABSTRACT Using Chinese IPO firms, we examine the impact of risk information disclosure on the properties of financial analysts’ earnings forecasts. We construct a disclosure index by manually reading the disclosures of risk factors in IPO prospectuses. We find that high-quality risk factor disclosure is associated with lower earnings forecast bias, less dispersion, and more timely forecasts. Separating total risk factors into five different types, we show that analysts have better ability to process financial risk and operational risk disclosure compared to the other three types (technology-related risk, market risk, and macroeconomic risk). Cross-sectional tests reveal that the positive effect of risk disclosure is mainly concentrated in firms with greater information transparency (e.g., larger firms, firms with higher profitability, and firms with lower performance volatility). We further rule out other potential explanations (e.g., the effect of analyst sentiment) and conduct additional robustness tests. Our study has broad implications for firms in emerging economies.
First definitive therizinosaurid (Dinosauria; Theropoda) from North America

monospecific genera from Asia (Perle, 1979; Barsbold and Perle, 1980; Barsbold, 1983; Russell and Dong, 1994; Xu et al., 1999). These taxa are known from partial skeletons that include one skull (Clark et al., 1994). Isolated frontals and an ungual from the upper Campanian Dinosaur Park formation of Alberta, Canada (Currie, 1987, 1992) and a possible astragalus from the upper Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation of the northern United States (Russell, 1984) are the only therizino saurids reported from North America, albeit these identifica tions have been questioned (Barsbold and Maryanska, 1990; Clark et al., 1994; Maryanska, 1997). The recovery of a significant portion of a large therizino saurid skeleton in the lower member of the Moreno Hill for
Livestock depredation by tigers and people’s perception towards conservation in a biological corridor of Bhutan and its conservation implications

Abstract Context. An effective management of human–wildlife conflict is key to successful conservation, especially in areas where large carnivores occur. This is particularly important when new conservation regimes such as biological corridors are to be operationalised, as is the case in Bhutan. Aims. The aim of the study was to determine livestock depredation by tigers in a biological corridor (BC) in Bhutan and to assess the people’s perception towards tiger conservation and BC management. Methods. A semi-structured questionnaire survey with both open- and closed-ended questions was administered to 91 households from 10 villages. Chi-square tests were used to determine the association between predictor and response variables and multivariate logistic regressions to determine factors affecting the attitude of people towards conservation. Key results. Livestock losses were common, with 69% of respondents losing one or more livestock to predators between 2016 and 2018. Tigers were responsible for 58.9% of all kills. The people’s awareness of the BC was low (16%), but still they had a positive attitude towards tiger conservation (68%) and BC management (65%). Knowledge on the BC was higher in males than in females, in people with than without a formal education, and in inner- than buffer-zone villages. The respondents’ attitude towards conservation was significantly more positive in people being aware of the BC, with a formal education, and that had not suffered livestock depredation. Conclusions. Overall, the results suggest that tigers are active in the BC and that livestock depredation is high. People’s knowledge on the BC was low, and a positive attitude towards conservation was driven by cultural values and education level. Implementation of preventive measures, addressing depredation issues and conducting awareness education programs, will further enhance positive attitudes. Implications. The present study highlighted the need for wildlife damage prevention and mitigating the prevailing conflicts in the BCs. Additionally, communities in and around the BCs need to be informed of conservation programs so that they become conservation partners.
Private security officers’ willingness to cooperate with police: the role of procedural justice

ABSTRACT Private security officers perform a variety of services that ensure citizens’ safety and security. While some of their functions mirror those of public police officers’ responsibilities, security officers often work with limited power and authority comparable to those of ordinary citizens. Consequently, security officers primarily engage in loss prevention and order maintenance and play a secondary role in crime prevention, which requires contacting the police for further assistance and completion of their duties. Thus, the factors that affect private security officers’ willingness to work and cooperate with police warrants investigation, especially in an era of growing private security industry and increasing demand for safety and security. In this research, the authors examine a convenience sample of private security officers and the predictors of their willingness to cooperate with police officers. Particularly, the extent to which perceived police procedural justice impacts security officers’ opinions of police legitimacy as well as willingness to cooperate with police is investigated. The results show that the perceptions of police procedural justice have both direct and indirect effects on private security officers’ willingness to cooperate, and implications for research and practice are discussed based on the findings.
Nonsurgical Treatment for Hallux Abducto Valgus with Botulinum Toxin Type A.

BACKGROUND Hallux abducto valgus (HAV) is a frequently seen abnormality of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Limited conservative treatment options exist, making surgery the only definitive treatment option for a mild to moderate deformity. Since initially published in 2008, treatment of HAV with botulinum toxin injection has evolved as a potentially effective modality as shown in several subsequent independent studies. METHODS Botulinum injection of two intrinsic foot muscles (extensor halluces brevis and flexor hallucis brevis) in addition to adductor hallucis under electrical stimulation is presented as an improvement to the original method. RESULTS The additional muscle injections of botulinum resulted in an further reduction of the HAV deformity and associated pain. CONCLUSIONS A significant improvement to the injection paradigm developed the author may prove to be more effective in reducing the HAV deformity and its associated pain.
The Delayed Doubly Stochastic Linear Quadratic Optimal Control Problem

In this paper, the delayed doubly stochastic linear quadratic optimal control problem is discussed. It deduces the expression of the optimal control for the general delayed doubly stochastic control system which contained time delay both in the state variable and in the control variable at the same time and proves its uniqueness by using the classical parallelogram rule. The paper is concerned with the generalized matrix value Riccati equation for a special delayed doubly stochastic linear quadratic control system and aims to give the expression of optimal control and value function by the solution of the Riccati equation.
Over 870 days of successful antibiotic suppression therapy for VRE‐infected left ventricular assist device

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are used in patients with advanced heart failure. Infections are common complications following device placement; however, the efficacy of chronic antimicrobial suppression therapy for deep‐seated infections is not well characterized. We report the case of a 49‐year‐old male with a HeartMate II LVAD who presented with a methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus pump pocket infection that was subsequently treated with antibiotics and HeartMate III pump exchange. A vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) pump pocket infection then developed and responded to surgical drainage followed by long‐term suppression with daptomycin then linezolid for over 870 days. A second pump exchange was not required. To our knowledge, this represents the longest reported use of daptomycin (341 days) without symptomatic adverse events. Managing infections caused by multidrug‐resistant pathogens presents a clinical challenge. This case demonstrates the potential for antimicrobial suppression therapy to allow for successful retention of a VRE‐infected LVAD.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIOLOGY AND FISHERY OF THE INDIAN MACKEREL RASTRELUGER KANAGURTA (CUVIER) FROM ANDAMAN ISLANDS

Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvler) seems to spawn in the sea around the Andaman Islands from October to April, an individual fish releasing about three batches of eggs in a season, the time interval between successive spawnings being about one mouth. More ttam 50 % of the fish are raatute at the total length range of 250-259mm. the size of fish at completion of one to five years of life provisionally is estimated as 148mm, 218mm, 265mm, 302 mm and 330mm respectively; A higher average growth rate of 22 mm per month was obtained for juveniles up to 110 mm total length. The growth checks found in scales have been considered to be the spawning marks. The length-weight relationship of the species has beeii estimated. The fish feed mainly on planktonic copepods and other crustaceans. The main mackerel fishery season around the Andaman Islands lasts for four months from May to August, when about 60% of the annual mackerel catch is landed. About 90% of the mackerel in the commercial catches ranged in size between 21 cm and 29 cm of which fish in the 21-24 cm total length range constituted about 60%. Whereas the mackerel fishery season along the west coast of India coincides with the post SouthWest Monsoon period, in the Andamans it coincides with the mid South-West Monsoon Season
Incivility and creativity in teams: Examining the role of perpetrator gender.

We conduct 3 experiments to examine how the effects of incivility on team creativity through team positive affect differ depending on the gender of the incivil team member. We argue that the incivil behavior of 1 team member decreases team positive affect, thereby decreasing team creativity. We then propose that the gender of the incivil team member plays a significant role in team member reactions. We draw on role congruity theory, which posits that individuals respond positively toward those whom they perceive as adhering to societal norms, and negatively to those who do not. Accordingly, we found that team positive affect decreased significantly when a woman behaved incivilly compared with when a man behaved incivilly due to the agentic and aggressive nature of the behavior. Lower team positive affect then decreased team creativity. Interestingly, team positive affect was not affected when a man behaved incivilly. We consider the implications of our work across several different literatures and discuss interesting directions for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Studies on the Direct Effects of the Alcohol Extract of Tilia cordata. on Dispersed Intestinal Smooth Muscle Cells of Guinea Pig

Abstract The effects of the ethanol extract of Tilia cordata. Miller (Tiliaceae) were studied in vitro. using intestinal smooth muscle cells of guinea pigs dispersed by collagenase. The extract induced a dose-dependent contraction of the dispersed smooth muscle cells. The obtained data indicated a direct effect of the T. cordata. extract on the intestinal smooth muscle cells. In addition, the contractions induced by the extract were inhibited by atropine. These observations indicate involvement of some active constituents, with cholinergic properties, found in the alcohol extract to induce contraction of the intestinal smooth muscle cells via activation of the muscarinic receptors.
Microbiological Criteria of Some Meat Products

A total of two hundred of meat product samples ( Beef burger, Luncheon, Pasterma and Sausage) were collected randomly from different retail shops at Alexandria province and examined for their microbiological criteria. All the examined samples found to be contaminated with different types of microorganisms with the mean values of the following counts; total aerobic bacterial counts were (8.20×102, 6.29×102, 5.40×102 and 8.28×102) respectively; total Psychotrophic bacterial count were (5.57×102, 4.96×102, 5.83×102 and 7.64×102) respectively; total Enterobactericeae count were (5.27×102, 4.65×102, 3.74×102 and 7.47×102) respectively; total Coliforms count were (2.92×102, 3.50×102, 4.19×102 and 7.64×102) respectively and at last total Mold and Yeast count were (0.47×102, 1.21×102, 1.22×102 and 1.00×102) respectively. As well as isolation and identification of some pathogenic bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp and Yersinia enterocolitica ). The incidence of identified Staphylococcus aureus was (68%, 80%, 60% and 88%), respectively and the incidence of identified Salmonella spp was (20%, 26%, 6% and 40%), respectively, while the incidence of identified Yersinia enterocolitica was (46%, 40%, 54% and 34%), respectively.
Cytochemistry of Oogenesis and Early Embryonic Development

synopsis. Cytochemical investigations on oocyte development, fertilization and early em? bryonic development have been reviewed. Inter- and intra-group variability in the succession of metabolic phases was considered with respect to selection pressures which in turn appeared to modulate phases. Quantitative investigations were particularly considered. In early development, attention was focused on changes in the chromosomal organization which might reflect on control of development. Some ofthe unusual forms of chromosomal organizations in early development were discussed. Cytochemical studies have not offered any insights into precocious differentiation, but they have added substantially to the understanding of chemical and organizational changes during oogenesis and early development.
Effect of vitamins and growth regulators on the vegetative growth of Lentinus squarrosulus

The experiments were carried out to observe the effect of vitamins and growth regulators on the vegetative growth of Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) Singer. Out of the vitamins and growth regulators employed, nicotinic acid and gibberellic acid, respectively supported the maximum vegetative growth for this mushroom.
Effect of boron and low temperature on membrane integrity of cucumber leaves

Abstract An experiment with solution culture was conducted to study the effect of boron (B) deficiency on cold resistance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Zhongnong No. 1101) seedlings. The results showed that B deficiency inhibited the growth of the seedlings. The leakage of potassium (K) across plasma membrane of leaf cells was increased and the cell inner structure was damaged by B deficiency. The content of carbohydrates in primary leaves was increased especially at low temperature than at normal temperature. The results demonstrated that B plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of plasma membranes of leaf cells and in alleviating the damage of membrane caused by low temperature.
EFFECT OF HABITAT ON THE DIET OF REED WARBLER (ACROCEPHALUS SCIRPACEUS) NESTLINGS

The diet of reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) was studied in reed-beds in the Southern-eas­ tern part of the Czech Republi c. Food samples were collected when pl acing neck collars on ne­ stli ngs in the breeding season of 1994. From 94 food samples were obtained 708 prey items. Diptera (66.5 %), Homoptera ( 12.7%) and Aranea (7.2%) were the predominant foo d types obser­ ved, and the average body length of the prey was found to be 8.0 mm ( I. 9-21.0 mm). The total di­ ve rsity of foo d was H' = I. I 09, and J = 0.446. Food composition between two studied plots was significantl y different.
Selected Life-History Traits of Black Soldier Flies (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Reared on Three Artificial Diets

Abstract Hermetia illucens (L.) was reared on three larval diets to determine their effects on preimaginal development and selected adult life-history traits. Prepupal and adult characteristics were examined for individuals reared on each diet and compared with field-collected prepupae and corresponding emergent adults. Diet did not significantly influence development or survivorship to the prepupal stage. However, adult emergence for all diets was significantly less than that determined for the wild population. Development time from egg to adult for individuals reared on the diets at 27°C ranged from 40 to 43 d with the larval stage lasting 22–24 d. We observed >96% larval survivorship to the prepupal stage and 21–27% adult emergence. Females accounted for 55–60% of emergent adults across treatments. Specimens reared on each diet were reduced in size, longevity, and calorie content in comparison to specimens from the wild population. Males within diet treatments and field-collected specimens were significantly smaller than females and emerged 1–2 d before females. Additionally, males reared on the diets and provided water lived for 9 d, whereas females lived for 8 d. This information indicates the diets might be used for rearing soldier flies. However, further refinement is needed to produce adults similar to those found in nature.
The Power Threat Meaning Framework: Addressing Adversity, Challenging Prejudice and Stigma, and Transforming Services

Abstract Advocates of a biomedical approach have argued that: it provides an evidence-based approach to classifying and understanding the causes of problems; adopting a biomedical understanding will reduce stigma; and biomedical interventions are effective and evidence-based. This article reviews the literature and finds not only that there is little or no evidence for these assumptions but that, in fact, the research evidence points to the need for the kind of alternative approach proposed by the PTMF. Alternative causal models which recognize the role of psychosocial adversities are described and alternative approaches to diagnostic classification and destigmatisation programs are suggested and innovative attempts to redesign services in a manner consistent with the PTMF approach are described. The article concludes by discussing implications for policy-level change.
Pelagic species size distributions in lakes: Are they discontinuous?

Aquatic ecologists have many models for size distributions of pelagic communities. However, few studies have looked for discontinuities (clumps of similarly sized species or gaps of sizes that contain no or relatively few species) in pelagic community size structure. We investigated size distribution characteristics in aquatic communities by calculating kernel density functions for plankton and fish in 11 lakes in Wisconsin. Size distributions in aquatic communities of these lakes were not smooth. Rather, multiple lump and gap regions were found within each functional group of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish. Simulations showed the gaps could not be explained by incomplete censuses of species or by systematic underestimation of intraspecific size variation. In an experimentally enriched lake, before and after comparisons showed lumps were not affected by large additions of P and N, even though biomass and production changed substantially. Lump regions in the two lakes with both food web manipulations and nutrient enrichment were substantially less similar pre‐ versus postenrichment than the reference lake and the lake with only nutrients added, but lump number remained relatively unchanged. Lakes that differed widely in nutrient status, trophic structure, species diversity, and area had similar size distributions. Comparisons of functional groups showed that phytoplankton had more lumps than zooplankton. In these north temperate lakes, size distribution characteristics seem to be conservative properties shaped by common regional ecosystem processes and organism patterns and not by lake‐specific factors.