Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Atmospheric Reanalysis Uncertainty on Atlantic Overturning Estimates at 25°N

Atmospheric reanalyses are commonly used to force numerical ocean models, but despite large discrepancies reported between different products, the impact of reanalysis uncertainty on the simulated ocean state is rarely assessed. In this study, the impact of uncertainty in surface fluxes of buoyancy and momentum on the modeled Atlantic meridional overturning at 25°N is quantified for the period January 1994–December 2011. By using an ocean-only climate model and its adjoint, the space and time origins of overturning uncertainty resulting from air–sea flux uncertainty are fully explored. Uncertainty in overturning induced by prior air–sea flux uncertainty can exceed 4 Sv (where 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) within 15 yr, at times exceeding the amplitude of the ensemble-mean overturning anomaly. A key result is that, on average, uncertainty in the overturning at 25°N is dominated by uncertainty in the zonal wind at lags of up to 6.5 yr and by uncertainty in surface heat fluxes thereafter, with winter heat flux uncertainty over the Labrador Sea appearing to play a critically important role.
Rates of convergence for viscous splitting of the Navier-Stokes equations

Viscous splitting algorithms are the underlying design principle for many numerical algorithms which solve the Navier-Stokes equations at high Reynolds number. In this work, error estimates for splitting algorithms are developed which are uniform in the viscosity v as it becomes small for either twoor three-dimensional fluid flow in all of space. In particular, it is proved that standard viscous splitting converges uniformly at the rate C^lAt, Strang-type splitting converges at the rate CP(At)2, and also that solutions of the Navier-Stokes and Euler equations differ by Cp in this case. Here C depends only on the time interval and the smoothness of the initial data. The subtlety in the analysis occurs in proving these estimates for fixed large time intervals for solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations in two space dimensions. The authors derive a new long-time estimate for the two-dimensional NavierStokes equations to achieve this. The results in three space dimensions are valid for appropriate short time intervals; this is consistent with the existing mathematical theory.
Investigation on Reinforcement and Lapping Effect of Fracture Grouting in Yellow River Embankment

Fracture grouting has been a mitigation measure widely used against seepage in the Yellow River Embankment. However, there is currently a lack of systematic investigations studying the anti-seepage effect of the fracture grouting employed in this longest river embankment in China. Therefore, in this work, laboratory and in situ experiments are carried out to investigate the reinforcement effect of fracture grouting in the Jinan section of the Yellow River Embankment. In particular, laboratory tests concentrate on studying the optimum strength improvement for cement–silicate grout by varying the content of backfilled fly ash and bentonite as admixtures. Mechanical strength and Scanning Electron Microscope photographs are investigated for assessing the strength and compactness improvement. Subsequently, based on the obtained optimum admixtures content, in situ grouting tests are carried out in the Jinan section of the Yellow River Embankment to evaluate the reinforcement and lapping effect of fracture grouting veins, where geophysical prospecting and pit prospecting methods are employed. Laboratory results show that, compared with pure cement–silicate grouts, the gelation time of the improved slurry is longer and gelation time increases as fly ash content increases. The optimum mixing proportion of the compound cement–silicate grout is 70% cement, 25% fly ash, and 5% bentonite, and the best volume ratio is 2 for the investigated cases. Geophysical prospecting including the ground penetrating radar and high-density resistivity method can reflect the lapping effect of fracture grouting veins on site. It shows that the grouting material mainly flows along the axial direction of the embankment. The treatment used to generate directional fracture is proved to be effective. The injection hole interval distance is suggested to be 1.2 m, where the lapping effect of the grouting veins is relatively significant. For the investigated cases, the average thickness of the grouting veins is approximately 6.0 cm and the corresponding permeability coefficient is averagely 1.6 × 10−6 cm/s, which meets the anti-seepage criterion in practice.
Multimedia summarization for trending topics in microblogs

Microblogging services have revolutionized the way people exchange information. Confronted with the ever-increasing numbers of microblogs with multimedia contents and trending topics, it is desirable to provide visualized summarization to help users to quickly grasp the essence of topics. While existing works mostly focus on text-based methods only, summarization of multiple media types (e.g., text and image) are scarcely explored. In this paper, we propose a multimedia microblog summarization framework to automatically generate visualized summaries for trending topics. Specifically, a novel generative probabilistic model, termed multimodal-LDA (MMLDA), is proposed to discover subtopics from microblogs by exploring the correlations among different media types. Based on the information achieved from MMLDA, a multimedia summarizer is designed to separately identify representative textual and visual samples and then form a comprehensive visualized summary. We conduct extensive experiments on a real-world Sina Weibo microblog dataset to demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method against the state-of-the-art approaches.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging with Three-dimensional Fiber Tractography of Traumatic Axonal Shearing Injury: An Imaging Correlate for the Posterior Callosal “Disconnection” Syndrome: Case Report

OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate that magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with three-dimensional (3-D) fiber tractography can visualize traumatic axonal shearing injury that results in posterior callosal disconnection syndrome. METHODS:A 22-year-old man underwent serial magnetic resonance imaging 3 days and 12 weeks after blunt head injury. The magnetic resonance images included whole-brain DTI acquired with a single-shot spin echo echoplanar sequence. 3-D DTI fiber tractography of the splenium of the corpus callosum was performed. Quantitative DTI parameters, including apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy, from the site of splenial injury were compared with those of a normal adult male volunteer. RESULTS:Conventional magnetic resonance images revealed findings of diffuse axonal injury, including a lesion at the midline of the splenium of the corpus callosum. DTI performed 3 days posttrauma revealed that the splenial lesion had reduced apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy, reflecting a large decrease in the magnitude of diffusion parallel to the white matter fibers, which had partially recovered as revealed by follow-up DTI 12 weeks postinjury. 3-D tractography revealed an interruption of the white matter fibers in the posteroinferior aspect of the splenium that correlated with the patient’s left hemialexia, a functional deficit caused by disconnection of the right visual cortex from the language centers of the dominant left hemisphere. CONCLUSION:DTI with 3-D fiber tractography can visualize acute axonal shearing injury, which may have prognostic value for the cognitive and neurological sequelae of traumatic brain injury.
Downregulation of beta-catenin and transdifferentiation of human osteoblasts to adipocytes under estrogen deficiency

Background and aim. Postmenopausal osteoporosis, caused by estrogen deficiency, is characterized by the structural deterioration of bone accompanied by an increase in bone marrow adipocytes. Transgenic animal models have shown that there is a reciprocal relationship between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis in vivo. The present study investigated whether the estrogen and the canonical Wnt signaling pathways are linked together and regulate the phenotype and function, differentiation and proliferation of human osteoblasts using an in vitro estrogen-deficiency model. Methods. Human osteoblasts (hFOB 1.19) and fulvestrant, an estrogen receptor blocker, were used to mimic estrogen deficiency in vitro. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation was measured by using specific stains and microscopy, as well as by measuring the expression of bone cell-specific markers with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Expression of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and β-catenin was detected in Western blots and by immunoprecipitation. Results. The cells expressed the 46-kDa and the 77-kDa ERα isoforms and β-catenin. Fulvestrant reduced expression of ERα and β-catenin. β-Catenin was co-immunoprecipitated with ERα, indicating that these two proteins form a new signaling complex and transcription factor. In addition, it induced intracellular lipid droplet accumulation and downregulation of bone cell markers, indicating adipocyte differentiation.
Analysis and synthesis of facial expressions using decomposable nonlinear generative models

This paper presents a new framework that models facial expressions in multiple people with different expressions and synthesize new stylized subtle facial expressions using the generative models. As facial expressions pass through nonlinear shape deformations during facial expressions, we model the facial expression in nonlinear mapping space based on low dimensional embedding and kernel mapping. Characteristics of different type of expressions and variances in different people are decomposed by analyzing the nonlinear mapping between the Euclidean space of facial motion and a low dimensional embedding of these expressions. Using high resolution tracking of densely sampled 3D data, the generative model can control subtle facial expression characteristics of different person in different expression by low dimensional person dependent style factor and expression type dependent expression factor. The temporal characteristics of the motion can also be controlled by the trajectory sampling on the low dimensional embedding manifold which is independent of person style and expression type. Our experimental results are shown for subtle differences in different smile expressions in different people from dense 3D tracking.
An overview of H-reflex studies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

H-reflex methods were used to investigate motor neuron excitability and the basic physiology of segmental spinal reflexes. While many studies have been performed using these electrophysiological techniques, in both normal subjects and patients with different neurological diseases, few studies have focused on patients affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This article reviews the various electrophysiological techniques which use H-reflex to study the physiology of segmental spinal reflexes in motor neuron diseases. Their possible applications for elucidating pathophysiological mechanisms in ALS and for monitoring the disease during clinical trials are discussed. (ALS 2000; 1: 313–318)
Reporter cell lines to evaluate the selectivity of chemicals for human and zebrafish estrogen and peroxysome proliferator activated γ receptors

Zebrafish is increasingly used as an animal model to study the effects of environmental nuclear receptors (NRs) ligands. As most of these compounds have only been tested on human NRs, it is necessary to measure their effects on zebrafish NRs. Estrogen receptors (ER) α and β and peroxysome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) γ are main targets of environmental disrupting compounds (EDCs). In humans there are two distinct nuclear ERs (hERα and hERβ), whereas the zebrafish genome encodes three ERs, zfERα, zfERβ1, and zfERβ2. Only one isoform of PPARγ is expressed in both humans and zebrafish. In this review, we described reporter cell lines that we established to study the interaction of EDCs with human and zebrafish ERs and PPARγ. Using these cell lines, we observed that zfERs are thermo-sensitive while zfPPARγ is not. We also showed significant differences in the ability of environmental and synthetic ligands to modulate activation of zfERs and zfPPARγ in comparison to hERs and hPPARγ. Some environmental estrogens (bisphenol A, mycoestrogens) which are hER panagonists displayed greater potency for zfERα as compared to zfERβs. hERβ selective agonists (8βVE2, DPN, phytoestrogens) also displayed zfERα selectivity. Among hERα selective synthetic agonists, 16α-LE2 was the most zfERα selective compound. Almost all zfPPARγ environmental ligands (halogenated bisphenol A derivatives, phthalates, perfluorinated compounds) displayed similar affinity for human and zebrafish PPARγ while pharmaceutical hPPARγ agonists like thiazolidones are not recognized by zfPPARγ. Altogether, our studies show that all hERs and hPPARγ ligands do not control in a similar manner the transcriptional activity of zfERs and zfPPARγ and point out that care has to be taken in transposing the results obtained using the zebrafish as a model for human physiopathology.
Hydro-sedimentary flow modelling in some catchments Constantine highlands, case of Wadis Soultez and Reboa (Algeria)

Abstract Erosion is a major phenomenon that causes damage not only to soil and agriculture, but also to the quality of the water amounting to tonnes of matter annually transported on the earth's surface. This fact has attracted the interest of researchers to understand its mechanism and explain its causes and consequences. This work is a comparative study of water erosion in the two semi-arid catchments of Wadi Soultez and Wadi Reboa; located in the North-East of Algeria. The approach adopted for the quantification of sediment transport consists on researching the best regressive model to represent the statistical relation between the sediment yield and the measured water discharge at different scales: annual, seasonal and monthly. The available data cover 27 years from 1985-2012. The results show that the power model has given the best correlation coefficient. Results have indicated that Wadi Reboa transported an average of 14.66 hm3 of water and 0.25 million tonnes of sediments annually. While Wadi Soultez has transported 4.2 hm3 of water and 0.11 million tonnes of sediments annually. At a seasonal scale, sediment amounts have showed significant water erosion in autumn with around 44% and secondarily in the spring with 29% in Wadi Soultez. Unlike Wadi Reboa, sediment transport represents 32% and 46% in autumn and spring respectively. Based on the obtained sediment amounts; it is found that the physical factors: such as steep reliefs, vulnerable lithological nature of rocks and poor vegetal cover, have significantly contributed in accelerating soil erosion.
The Pharmacological Profile of Brain Liver Intestine Na+ Channel: Inhibition by Diarylamidines and Activation by Fenamates

The brain liver intestine Na+ channel (BLINaC) is a member of the degenerin/epithelial Na+ channel gene family of unknown function. Elucidation of the physiological function of BLINaC would benefit greatly from pharmacological tools that specifically affect BLINaC activity. Guided by the close molecular relation of BLINaC to acid-sensing ion channels, we discovered in this study that rat BLINaC (rBLINaC) and mouse BLINaC are inhibited by micromolar concentrations of diarylamidines and nafamostat, similar to acid-sensing ion channels. Inhibition was voltage-dependent, suggesting pore block as the mechanism of inhibition. Furthermore, we identified the fenamate flufenamic acid and related compounds as agonists of rBLINaC. Application of millimolar concentrations of flufenamic acid to rBLINaC induced a robust, Na+-selective current, which was blocked partially by amiloride. The identification of an artificial agonist of rBLINaC supports the hypothesis that rBLINaC is opened by an unknown physiological ligand. Inhibition by diarylamidines and activation by fenamates define a unique pharmacological profile for BLINaC, which will be useful to unravel the physiological function of this ion channel.
Comportement des ouvrages de petite hydraulique dans la région de Médenine (Tunisie du Sud) au cours des pluies exceptionnelles de mars 1979

The causes and distribution of #le exceptionally hiph rainfall obsesvecl in southeru Tunisia in March 1979 are studied, and fhe mechanical effecis of flooding on mlnor rural hydraulic uwrks in fhe Mafmata mountain and Medenine foothill areas are described. An assessmenf of the damages enablss us to rvaluate certain techniques introduced recently to improve on fraditional mefhods. Les 3, 4, 5 et 6 mars 1979, des pluies violentes Médenine-Gab&s et RIédenine-Beni Kheddache où s’abattaient sur le sud tunisien dans la région de de nombreux radiers furent. en partie ou totalement Médenine et sur la chaîne de montagnes formée détruits. Sur l’oued illorra, cours aval de l’oued au nord par le Djebel Matmata et au sud par le Metameur, un barrage de dkivation des eaux de Djebel Demmer. crue fut partiellement Mruit. par le flot (GIRARD, En quelques heures, l’infrastructure routière subit 1979). des dégât. s considérables, nokunment sur les axes Ces dégâts, bien que spectaculaires, ne furent (1) Cet. article prbente les résultats de recherches menées au Service Gkom«rphologique de la Division des Sols dans le cadre d’accords conclus entre l’offlice de la Recherche Scientifique el Technique Outre-Mer (0.R.S.T.0.hl.1 et. la Direction des Ressources en Eau et. en Sol du Minist+re de l’Agriculture (D.R.E.S.). Avec la collaborst.ion techniqnr de hl. BEN AMAR (D.R.E.S., Gabés). L’ah. O.R. S.T. O.M. , sér. Sci. Hum. , vol. XVI,, no 3, 1979: 233-249.
A constraint-based probabilistic framework for name disambiguation

This paper is concerned with the problem of name disambiguation. By name disambiguation, we mean distinguishing persons with the same name. It is a critical problem in many knowledge management applications. Despite much research work has been conducted, the problem is still not resolved and becomes even more serious, in particular with the popularity of Web 2.0. Previously, name disambiguation was often undertaken in either a supervised or unsupervised fashion. This paper first gives a constraint-based probabilistic model for semi-supervised name disambiguation. Specifically, we focus on investigating the problem in an academic researcher social network (http://arnetminer.org). The framework combines constraints and Euclidean distance learning, and allows the user to refine the disambiguation results. Experimental results on the researcher social network show that the proposed framework significantly outperforms the baseline method using unsupervised hierarchical clustering algorithm.
MOLECULAR CLONING OF A PLANT rDNA FRAGMENT CONTAINING THE 5́-PORTION OF 18 S rRNA GENE AND ITS USE AS A PROBE IN INDIRECT END LABELING EXPERIMENTS

Plasmid pBG 35 contains the whole rDNA unit from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) (Goldsbrough and Cullis, 1981). We cloned four different Eco RI restriction rDNA fragments of pBG 35 in the plasmid vector pBluescript SK+ (pBS). One of the subclones (p2.1) contained the most part of the 5 ́-end of 18S rRNA gene (1581 bp) and was used as a heterologous DNA probe in molecular hybridization experiments. By means of the “indirect end labeling” technique, the plasmid p2.1 was used to study the methylation pattern of the intergenic spacer (IGS) of rRNA genes in excised cotyledons of Cucurbita pepo L. (zucchini) after treatment with the cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (BA). Heavy methylation of cytosine residues in the sequence -CCGGboth in IGS and 18S rRNA gene were observed. The methylation pattern was not changed upon hormonal treatment with BA.
Gardener: A file browser assistant to help users maintaining semantic folder hierarchy

Users, especially beginners, have problem finding files from large, ever growing filesystem. Common practice is to memorize the pathnames of frequently accessed folders and files which increases the cognitive load while file browsing. A suitable solution is to have a semantic hierarchy among folders so that the users can use reasoning instead of memorizing pathnames while file browsing. However, users are usually reluctant to put files in their proper places each time a file is saved. Thus, practically maintaining a Semantic Folder Hierarchy in a large filesystem is hard. This article proposes a file browser assistant “Gardener” which helps the user to maintain the Semantic Folder Hierarchy Tree in a filesystem by suggesting a suitable location each time a new file is created. The User Interface also has a “Single Click Save” option that eliminates the need to browse the filesystem and reduces interaction time. Although indirectly, this assistance for maintaining Semantic Folder Hierarchy eventually reduces the cognitive load of the users while finding files in a filesystem.
Adaptive method to support effective searching over large-scale web documents

recently, some researchers have found that the abounding search engines cannot support exploratory search effectively. In such case, it requires the search engines know better about the imprecise queries provided by the end users. Actually, it's hard for the users to formulate the queries, not alone understand by the engines. However, in our study, we find that the search logs in the web community are significantly beneficial for the exploratory search, because various interests' communities exist in the large-scale web community. In this paper, we treat the search logs in the distributed search servers as footprints. And with these footprints, this study proposes an adaptive method to support effective searching over large-scale web documents. In the adaptive method, logistic regression with trust region applied in Map-reduce environment is devised, and it processes the large-scale web documents in parallel. Thus it can effectively classify the web documents queried by the dynamic imprecise searching. With these results, the method organizes them with frequency tree which shares redundant contents and records the counting for ranking. Extensive experiments demonstrate the merits of our adaptive method to support the exploratory search.
The use of soil palynomorphs in forensics

The aim was to establish the forensic value of using palynomorphs in soil samples to link people or objects to crime scenes in order to establish or strengthen an association. This was done by determining the degree to which pollen assemblages of surface soil samples differ within the same area. Samples within the same localized area (the control site) showed a high degree of similarity, suggesting that pollen assemblages of surface soil samples from within a localized area are homogeneous. Standard methods were used for the collection and analysis of soil samples such as deflocculation, acetolysis for removal of cellulose and organic matter and silicate removal method to achieve better visualization and identification of pollen types. The results indicated that the cast of footprints and palm prints provided evidence of a two way transfer of materials between the palms and feet and the soil of the grassy area. Pollen analysis of the soil that had adhered to the palms and feet showed that the perpetrator of the imprint had been standing in that grassy area. The analysis of the interface between the body parts (palms and feet) and soil is therefore a potentially lucrative source of information for forensic reconstruction. This analysis shows that pollen can be used to associate perpetrators to crime scenes and should be seen as a useful tool in the analysis of hitherto unrecognized forensic materials in forensic palynology. Keywords: Feet, forensics, palms, palynology, palynomorphs, soil