Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Jump: A Brief History and Research Challenges

This paper presents a brief history of the hydraulic jump and a literature review on hydraulic jumps’ experimental and numerical studies. Leonardo da Vinci noticed this phenomenon early on, but it was only later studied by Bidone in 1820. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the hydraulic jump has received a lot of attention following the development of energy dissipater designs and stilling basins. The late 1920s and early 1930s saw many experimental studies researching the surface roller profile and energy dissipation. The study of internal flow features started in the late 1950s. Starting in the 70s, it was believed that the flow of a jump must be analyzed in its actual configuration of air–water mixture, an aspect that cannot be overlooked. Several experimental studies in the late 1980s and 1990s highlighted the existence of oscillating phenomena under specific flow conditions and particularly, a cyclic variation of jump types over long-lasting experiments. The early 2000s saw many experimental studies researching the complex structure of the separated region in very large channels downstream of the lateral shockwaves. Whereas most of the experiments provide measurements at a point or on a plane, the complete flow field supplied by CFD simulations enables us to have a deeper understanding of the dynamics of coherent structures that are responsible for free-surface fluctuations and aeration in hydraulic jumps. Therefore, in recent years, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, through turbulence models, has become a useful tool to study this complex environmental fluid mechanic problem.
Domestic capital flow VS Foreign Capital flow in Nigeria: which one matter most?

The path to achieving economic growth as well as the ultimate economic development is the greatest macroeconomic goal sought after by all global economies. Traditionally, these resources are classified as labour and capital. Therefore, we focus on the capital factor and its impact on economic growth. This study for the first time in Nigeria classifies the capital resources into two categories namely domestic and foreign capital and to compare their respective influence on economic growth. The results show that domestic capital is more influential in promoting the cause of economic growth whereas external debt as one of the components of foreign capital exerts serious level of threat to the course of economic expansion in Nigeria. Thus, this study recommends the need for the authority concern to look inward in resolving it economic challenges through domestic mobilization of resources. Sourcing for external capital should strictly take the form of FDI and foreign aids to augment the domestic capital for economic reasons with the view to expand the productive capacity of the economy.
Evaluation of kinetic stability and anti-staphylococcal activity of recombinant LasA protein produced in Escherichia coli

Objective(s): Staphylococcus aureus has become a major clinical concern due to the growing prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. Enzybioticts are peptidoglycan hydrolases that are recently introduced as an alternative agent to confront the MDR strains with a more effective mechanism than conventional antibiotics. In this regard, our study aimed to evaluate the kinetic stability of LasA protease as a potent enzybiotic in the specific destruction of the S. aureus cell wall. Materials and Methods: The catalytic domain of the Codon-optimized LasA gene was sub-cloned into pET28a vector, and BL21 DE3 cells were used for protein expression. Recombinant LasA protein was affinity purified by Ni-NTA column and staphylolytic activity of the LasA protein against methicillin-resistant strains was evaluated by disk diffusion and MIC test. The kinetic stability was evaluated in different temperatures during 48 hr. Results: Our results revealed that LasA protein can completely prevent the growth of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain and inhibit the examined strain at the amount of 4 µg. furthermore, the catalytic domain of LasA protein can tolerate higher temperatures as well. Conclusion: With regard to the failure of conventional antibiotics in treatment of MRSA infections, novel agents to combat multidrug-resistant strains are needed. The present study shows that LasA protein can eradicate MRSA strains, so it can be promising for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci infection. The kinetic stability of LasA has also confirmed the possibility of industrial-scale manufacturing for the subsequent use of the enzyme clinically.
Modeling of Salt Sorption in Volcanic Ash Soil

ABSTRACT Groundwater pollution by nitrate from agricultural fields is a worldwide problem. To improve the understanding of nitrate transport processes through volcanic ash soils overlying groundwater aquifers, salt sorption experiments were performed. Salt sorption is the process that involves the simultaneous use of cation and anion adsorption mechanisms without changing the pH. Prepared six different concentrations of potassium chloride (KCl) solutions were mixed with soil samples. Anion and cation contents of the liquid and solid phases were determined. Experiments were performed in triplicate of six kinds of KCl solutions for three types of soils. Thus, total 54 of samples were analyzed. Relationships between ionic strength and sorption capacity increments of cations and anions were determined. The results show that if ionic strength of the infiltrating solution to the volcanic ash soil is known, the ECEC (effective cation exchange capacity) and EAEC (effective anion exchange capacity) can be reliably estimated. The resulting prediction equations can be included to improve reactive transport simulation models. Consequently, it will be possible to better understand solute transport with changing sorption capacity for the solid soil phase.
Plasma immersion ion implantation of silicon.

Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation has several unique advantages over conventional implantation, such as low cost, large area capability, non-line-of-sight features and high dose rate implantation. However, it is still far from use in routine production because of problems such as the ability to control the ion depth profile in targets, the ion dose and contamination. In this thesis, a PIII system has been systematically calibrated, and a computer simulation code for PIII has been developed in order to understand more clearly the physics of the PIII process and to optimise the experimental conditions. In the second part of this thesis, a new application of PIII has been explored, where the PIII technique has been used as a high dose-rate implant treatment to form amorphous silicon nitride/oxide films on both crystalline and amorphous silicon substrates. The electrical properties of these films have been characterized. It shows that low dose nitrogen/oxygen implantation leads to the modification of Schottky barrier heights or the introduction of charged defects in the materials. As the ion dose is increased, alloying effects take over, forming silicon nitride/oxide alloys. The a-SiNx:H films synthesized via PIII have electrical characteristics similar to those grown by PECVD, but a-SiOx:H has different electrical properties from a-SiNx:H.
Examining Minority Students’ Involvements and Experiences in Cultural Clubs and Organizations at Community Colleges

ABSTRACT In this cross-sectional survey study, we examined the experiences of minority students’ involvement and their experiences in cultural clubs and organizations at community colleges. From two community colleges, 204 participants were invited to complete an online survey “Experience with diversity index”. The findings indicated a significant positive correlation between minority student involvement in cultural clubs and organizations, and their experience with cultural diversity. In other words, students who were involved in clubs and organizations reported that they were able to become acquainted with students from a different country, race, or ethnic background. Through their involvement, they were able to have discussions regarding religion, lifestyles, customs, and traditions. The findings also revealed that demographic information such as age, gender, and generational status did not contribute to minority students’ interactions with peers and faculty members at community colleges. Approximately 82% of participants reported being often or very often involved in culturally based clubs and organizations, whereas 18% reported little to occasional involvement.
Analysis of Economic Structure and Leading Sectors in Rejang Lebong District

This study aims to determine and analyze the economic structure and leading sectors in Rejang Lebong Regency. The data used is secondary data on Gross Regional Domestic Product from 2015 to 2019 obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. The analysis used is economy structure, Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ), Shift-share, and Overlay. The results show that the highest GRDP contributor is the Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry sectors while the lowest is the Electricity and Gas Procurement sector with contribution of 32% and 0.15% respectively. The results of the leading economic sectors in the Rejang Lebong Regency are the sectors of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Providing Accommodation and Food and Drink; Defense and Compulsory Social Security; Education Services; Health Services and Other Services.
Audit Sistem Keamanan TI Menggunakan Domain DSS05 Pada Framework COBIT 5 (Studi Kasus: Diskominfo Kabupaten Karawang)

Abstrak—Keamanan informasi pada era digital sangat penting, sehingga menjadi masalah penting bagi perusahaan, organisasi, serta lembaga pemerintahan. Dinas Komunikasi serta Informatika Kabupaten Karawang didirikan berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah No.14 pada Tahun 2016 mengenai Pembentukan serta Susunan Perangkat Daerah Kabupaten Karawang. Pemanfaatan teknologi informasi sudah diterapkan dalam sistem keamanan informasi pemerintah Kabupaten Karawang. namun dalam mewujudkan hal itu, belum sepenuhnya berhasil dalam pengambilan nilai serta manfaatnya. Riset ini mempunyai tujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi keamanan sistem informasi yang telah diimplementasikan pada institusi untuk menilai level kapabilitas menggunakan domain DSS05 pada COBIT 5. Metode yang dipakai yaitu Assesment Process Activities COBIT 5 antara lain Initiation Programme, Define Problems and Opportunities, Data Collection, Data Validation serta Process Atribut Level. Hasil riset ini didapatkan nilai kapabilitas 3,4 (as is) serta 4.1 (to be) maka proses yang telah diimplementasikan secara garis besar tercapai. Pada domain DSS05 mendapatkan capaian sebesar 92% berarti pada proses atribut 3.1 process definition tercapai penuh, sehingga penilaian dapat dilanjutkan ke level berikutnya yaitu (PA) 3.2 Process Deployment.Abstract—Information security in the digital era is very important, so it becomes a critical problem for enterprise, organizations and governments. The Communication and Informatics Office of Karawang Regency was formed based on Peraturan Daerah No. 14 of 2016 concerning the Formation and Composition of the Karawang Regency Regional Apparatus. Information technology is already implememted in the information security system of the Karawang Regency government. However, in realizing this, the value and benefits have not been fully succeeded. This study aims to evaluate the security of information systems that have been implemented in institutions to assess Capability Level using the DSS05 domain at COBIT 5. The method used is the Assessment Process Activities of COBIT 5, including Initiation Program, Define Problems and Opportunities, Data Collection, Data Validation and Process Attribute Level. The results of this study obtained the capability value of 3,4 (as is) and 4.1 (to be) of the two values, so the process that has been implemented in outline is achieved. In the DSS05 domain, the achievement was 92%, meaning that the 3.1 process definition attribute process was fully achieved, so that the assessment could be continued to the next level, namely (PA) 3.2 Process Deployment.
Immune Check-Point Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Directions

Check-point inhibitors have erupted as a treatment option for numerous kinds of neoplasms. Although there have been some achievements, the evidence supporting their use in breast cancer is scarce. Combinations with chemotherapy seem to provide better outcomes, and triple negative is the subtype most likely to benefit from them. New combination strategies are undergoing research to improve these results. Other approaches to determining biomarkers that identify which populations clearly benefit from these therapies are needed. Here, we review the clinical data of the role of immune check-point inhibitors in early and advanced breast cancer and present emerging strategies.
Performance and Adaptability Evaluation of Improved Onion Varieties (Allium cepa L.) for Bulb Yield and Some Agronomic Traits

Onion is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world including Ethiopia. The field experiment was conducted in Arsi zone at Kulumsa Agriculture Research Center and Ziway Dugda districts under irrigation condition. A total of five improved onion varieties were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications with the objectives of studying the performance and adaptability of improved onion varieties for bulb yield and yield related traits in 2017 during off season. The combined Analysis of variance (variety by location) revealed that significant difference between improved onion varieties for maturity date, marketable and unmarketable bulb yield tons per hectare, bulb length in centimeter, and bulb weight in gram was observed. But non-significant difference for plant height in centimeter, total bulb yield tons per hectare and average bulb diameter in centimeter were observed between improved onion varieties. Except variety Adama Red all the tested improved onion varieties (Melkam, Nafis, Nasik Red and Bombay Red) was well performed and adapted. These varieties were gave more than 40 marketable bulb yield t ha-1. So those improved onion varieties were recommended for the study area and areas of similar agro- ecological zones under off season growing condition.
Identification by PCR and evaluation of probiotic potential in yeast strains found in kefir samples in the city of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

The traditional method of producing kefir is occurred by directly inoculation of grains in the milk. The milk may be whole, skimmed or semi skimmed and must have been gone through heat treatment equivalent to pasteurization or ultra-pasteurization. Subsequently, the milk is cooled at temperature 20-25 °C and then the inoculation occurs with kefir grains. The period of fermentation is 18-24 hours at 20-25 °C, then the grains are separated from the milk by filtering. The produced kefir is stored at 4 °C and it is ready for consumption (Dtles & Cagindi, 2003).
Why Plain Futurates are Different

In English, simple present (plain) and present progressive constructions can make reference to the future, in constructions known as futurates. In previous literature, these two types of futurate have often been discussed separately or treated as more or less equivalent. This squib argues that they convey different meanings: plain futurates presuppose the existence of a schedule, while progressive futurates do not. We propose a formal definition of a schedule and present novel empirical data based on a questionnaire study. We show that plain futurates are restricted to contexts providing a schedule, but progressive futurates are not.
Modulation period dependent mechanical properties of Cu/Fe metallic multilayered films

We performed molecular dynamics simulations for uniaxial tension of Cu/Fe nano-multilayered films with different modulation periods (λ) using Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S) relationship to investigate their interfacial morphologies and the effects of λ on their mechanical properties. It shows that the mismatch dislocation lines at the interfaces are periodic. At the Cu side of the interface, triangles distribute with the smallest period; while at the Fe side, parallelograms distribute with the smallest period. There are two yield points, except the case of λ=2.10 nm where there is only one yield point, in the stress-strain curve of Cu/Fe multilayer film under tension, corresponding to the sequential nucleation of dislocations in the Cu and Fe layers from interface, respectively. We further found that there is a critical modulation period, λc, and the flow stress decreases with the increases of λ if λ > λc while increases with the increases of λ if λ λc while increases with the increases of λ if λ < λc. The possible mechanisms are discussed.
Precipitation Climatology for the Arid Region of the Arabian Peninsula—Variability, Trends and Extremes

The Arabian Peninsula is a region characterized by diverse climatic conditions due to its location and geomorphological characteristics. Its precipitation patterns are characterized by very low annual amounts with great seasonal and spatial variability. Moreover, extreme events often lead to flooding and pose threat to human life and activities. Towards a better understanding of the spatiotemporal features of precipitation in the region, a thirty-year (1986-2015) climatic analysis has been prepared with the aid of the state-of-the-art numerical modeling system RAMS/ICLAMS. Its two-way interactive nesting capabilities, explicit cloud microphysical schemes with seven categories of hydrometeors and the ability to handle dust aerosols as predictive quantities are significant advantages over an area where dust is a dominant factor. An extended evaluation based on in situ measurements and satellite records revealed a good model behavior. The analysis was performed in three main components; the mean climatic characteristics, the rainfall trends and the extreme cases. The extremes are analyzed under the principles of the extreme value theory, focusing not only on the duration but also on the intensity of the events. The annual and monthly rainfall patterns are investigated and discussed. The spatial distribution of the precipitation trends revealed insignificant percentage differences in the examined period. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the eastern part and the top half of the western Arabian Peninsula presented the lowest risk associated with extreme events. Apart from the pure scientific interest, the present study provides useful information for different sectors of society and economy, such as civil protection, constructions and reinsurance.
Compact and Wideband Crossed Dipole Antenna Using Coupling Stub for Circular Polarization

A novel compact and wideband circularly polarized (CP) crossed dipole antenna is presented. To realize CP radiation, a new design concept of using coupling stub is first illustrated. The coupling stub is equivalent as a combination of a dipole-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and dipole-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${y}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The dipole-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> not only couples proper energy from the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-axis arranged driven dipole-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to the orthogonally arranged dipole-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${y}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> but also provides quadrature phase delay to the dipole-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${y}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Therefore, CP radiation is realized for the presented configuration. To improve the input impedance caused by the strong coupling, a long narrow strip is incorporated for the enhancement of impedance bandwidth. Based on the design concept, a compact and wideband CP antenna by using the coupling stub and stepped square loop is developed to further increase the operation bandwidth and realize stable radiation. The designed antenna was finally fabricated for performance verification. Both the simulation and measurement show that the developed antenna can have a wide overlapped impedance and axial ratio (AR) bandwidth from 1.1 to 1.74 GHz with a compact radiator size. In addition, stable antenna gain and radiation patterns are achieved for wireless communications.
“I Need the Company of My Peers”: A Mixed-method Study Among Community-dwelling Elderly in China Running Title: I Need the Company of My Peers

Background: To study the importance of peers in Chinese older adults’ lives and explore their peer interaction perceptions. Methods: A mixed-methods study was undertaken among the community-dwelling elderly in Chongqing, China. First, a self-administered nomination survey was carried out (n=340) to detect current peer network features. Second, we conducted semi-structured interviews (n=19) to explore the experience and perspectives on peer interaction of the elderly. Results: 67.10% of social network members who have the most contact with participants were peers, and 85.47% of these peers were within the age difference of 10 years old compared with participants. In the interview, three themes were revealed: motivation, preference and barriers, and impact of peer interaction on the individual's health.Conclusions: Peers make up the vast majority of Chinese older people’s social networks. Older people’s preference for the company of peers deserves greater attention and community support to improve their health and well-being.
Seeding Rate Effects on Hybrid Spring Wheat Yield, Yield Components, and Quality

Agronomic practices, such as planting date, seeding rate, and genotype, commonly influence hard red spring wheat (HRSW, Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) production. Determining the agronomic optimum seeding rate (AOSR) of newly developed hybrids is needed as they respond to seeding rates differently from inbred cultivars. The objectives of this research were to determine the AOSR of new HRSW hybrids, how seeding rate alters their various yield components, and whether hybrids offer increased end-use quality, compared to conventional cultivars. The performance of two cultivars (inbreds) and five hybrids was evaluated in nine North Dakota environments at five seeding rates in 2019−2020. Responses to seeding rate for yield and protein yield differed among the genotypes. The AOSR ranged from 3.60 to 5.19 million seeds ha−1 and 2.22 to 3.89 million seeds ha−1 for yield and protein yield, respectively. The average AOSR for yield for the hybrids was similar to that of conventional cultivars. However, the maximum protein yield of the hybrids was achieved at 0.50 million seeds ha−1 less than that of the cultivars tested. The yield component that explained the greatest proportion of differences in yield as seeding rates varied was kernels spike−1 (r = 0.17 to 0.43). The end-use quality of the hybrids tested was not superior to that of the conventional cultivars, indicating that yield will likely be the determinant of the economic feasibility of any future released hybrids.