Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The DeepFake Detection Challenge (DFDC) Dataset.

Deepfakes are a recent off-the-shelf manipulation technique that allows anyone to swap two identities in a single video. In addition to Deepfakes, a variety of GAN-based face swapping methods have also been published with accompanying code. To counter this emerging threat, we have constructed an extremely large face swap video dataset to enable the training of detection models, and organized the accompanying DeepFake Detection Challenge (DFDC) Kaggle competition. Importantly, all recorded subjects agreed to participate in and have their likenesses modified during the construction of the face-swapped dataset. The DFDC dataset is by far the largest currently and publicly available face swap video dataset, with over 100,000 total clips sourced from 3,426 paid actors, produced with several Deepfake, GAN-based, and non-learned methods. In addition to describing the methods used to construct the dataset, we provide a detailed analysis of the top submissions from the Kaggle contest. We show although Deepfake detection is extremely difficult and still an unsolved problem, a Deepfake detection model trained only on the DFDC can generalize to real "in-the-wild" Deepfake videos, and such a model can be a valuable analysis tool when analyzing potentially Deepfaked videos. Training, validation and testing corpuses can be downloaded from this https URL.
Species variation in susceptibility to the fungus Neonectria neomacrospora in the genus Abies

ABSTRACT The fungus Neonectria neomacrospora has recently caused an epidemic outbreak in conifer species within the genus Abies in Denmark and Norway. Christmas tree producers in Europe and North America rely, to a large extent, on Abies species. The damage caused by N. neomacrospora, including dead shoot tips, red flagging of branches and potentially dead trees, have therefore caused concern about reduced quality and loss of trees, and thereby of revenue. Field observations of natural infection of 39 taxa, from 32 species, within the genus Abies in the Hørsholm Arboretum, Denmark, were evaluated; significant differences were seen between taxa, that is, species, and between some species and their subspecies. The Greek fir, Abies cephalonica, was the only species without damage. An inoculation experiment on detached twigs with mycelium plugs from a N. neomacrospora culture showed that all species could be infected. The damage observed in the inoculation experiment could explain 30% of the variation in the field observations based on species mean values. The epidemic outbreak and the high number of species susceptible to this fungus indicate that N. neomacrospora requires attention in the cultivation and conservation of Abies species.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE IDEAL MALE BODY MASCULINITY IN THE MISTER INTERNATIONAL PAGEANT

As Michael Foucault had said that the human body is not really free; the concept of the body as well as the concept of the human sexuality in fact are ruled by and obey the great power behind them. A great narrative about the body and also the sexuality that has been agreed by societies, consciously or unconsciously has successfully dictated societies’ point of view in placing their body and sexuality. The concept of a male body that has been characterized by its perfunctory appearance, in the sense of not necessary to primp, actually is a great narrative that is considered as a true necessity. This topic is unique and interesting to study because Mister International pageant as the representation of world’s male masculinity offers the different great narrative masculinity concept that has been shackling the traditional masculinity concept of Indonesian society. This study will analyze the signs of masculinity shown in Mister International pageant as the ideal men’s quest in the world. The result of this study indicates that the ideal male masculinity constructed in Mister International pageant if viewed from the concept of traditional sexuality is a combination between the concept of femininity and the concept of masculinity that then brought out to a new terminology about the concept of masculinity called as metrosexual. The concept of masculinity constructed by this ideal men’s quest in the world, if examined by Herbert Marcuse’s point of view, actually is a concept uniformity of the world's ideal male body in one dimension. Furthermore, the great narrative behind this uniformed ideal male construction is a world’s major capitalists’ project to expand their market share, especially male cosmetics and clothes products. Keywords: Construction, Masculinity, Ideal Male Body, One-Dimensional Man.
FILAMENTOUS FUNGI AND AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION OF LOCALLY-PROCESSED INFANT FOODS SOLD AT HOSPITALS IN KUMASI: A PILOT STUDY

Background: Infant foods are prepared with varieties of cereals and legumes which provide essential nutrients for healthy growth and immune development. However, infant foods can be contaminated with moulds and mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins which can lead to stunted growth, liver damage, and liver cancer, particularly, in children. This pilot study investigated the contamination of locally-processed infant foods sold at antenatal units of selected hospitals in the Kumasi Metropolis. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four different food samples were brought from the Hospitals and analyzed for mould and aflatoxin contaminations. Moulds were enumerated and identified using Malt Extract Agar (MEA) while Quechers method and HPLC were used to investigate the presence of aflatoxins in the food samples. Result: Findings showed that 87.5% of the samples were contaminated with moulds, with 20.8% beyond the tolerable limit for consumption. Genus of moulds identified were Aspergillus (79%) being the most predominant genus followed by Penicillium (37.5%), Alternaria (16.7%), Blastomyces (12.5%) and Curvularia (4.2%). About 91.7% of the samples were contaminated with aflatoxins with 45.8% exceeding the tolerable limit (20ng/g) for consumption. Types of aflatoxin present were aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) being prevalent in the samples, followed by AFB1 then AFG1 and AFG2. Conclusion: Children and infants fed with these locally-processed foods may be exposed to unacceptable levels of moulds and aflatoxins. Therefore, there is a critical need to educate local food producers and processors of the health implications of contamination and develop innovative ideas to eliminate the exposure of infants from these toxins and moulds. Keywords: Aflatoxin moulds, contamination, locally-processed infant foods
Induction method of excess phosphate accumulation for phosphate removing bacteria isolated from anaerobic/aerobic activated sludge

Many bacteria considered to be phosphate removing bacteria (PRB) have previously been isolated from phosphate removing activated sludge (PRAS). However, these bacteria have never exhibited the typical function of PRB which take up excessive phosphate (P) in aerobic conditions and release P with a concomitant uptake of organic substrates in anaerobic conditions. We hypothesized that the enzyme system responsible for excess P accumulation (EPA) should be inducible, because PRB can take up organic substrates anaerobically in spite of being obligate aerobes. Therefore, PRB cells grown aerobically have to be additionally treated with alternating anaerobic incubation with organic substrates and aerobic incubation without organic substrates to exhibit the above typical function. We succeeded in the first isolation of a strain of true PRB by this induction method. The isolate is a Gram-positive coccus and its generation time is approximately 12 hours. The anaerobic/aerobic incubation cycle was required at least two times (2 days) to induce the ability of EPA for PRB. The velocity of P removal in the aerobic phase was decreased to approximately half by the existence of organic substrates. Therefore, it is recommended that organic compounds be removed during the anaerobic phase in PRAS systems.
The significance of strategic management accounting on the performance of transport businesses in Nigeria

The study provided that strategic management accounting is related to the provisions and use of accounting information by people in the organization such as the management and the managers, to make business decisions that would enhance competitive advantage and effective control of the firm's activity. The major purpose of this study is to investigate the significance of the strategic role of strategic management accounting in realizing the better performance of transport businesses in Nigeria. The study generated data from 230 transport businesses in Nigeria through a cross-sectional questionnaire survey approach using drop and pick means of data distribution. The findings revealed that factors such as information, people, and government policy are significant factors impacting the performance of the transport business. Hence, it was suggested that the factors are essential in realizing the performance of transport businesses. Also, the findings reveal that technology has a significant effect on the performance of transport businesses, and revealed the relationship between strategic management accounting and business performance. It is pertinent to note that this study would be of advantage to all transport business owners and researchers as it would give a plausible guideline for taking vibrant decisions concerning business performance, and will be a basis for future research. Based on the findings, it is therefore concluded that information, people, government policy, and technology are the significant factors necessary to induce the efficient performance of the transport business in Nigeria.
In vitro Evaluation of Fungicides, Botanicals and Bio-agents against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum causing Anthracnose of Bean

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the important legumes crop belongs to family leguminaceae and occupies a premier place among grain legumes in the world including India (Jan et al., 2014). It is an important constituent of people’s diets especially in developing countries. Dry bean find a unique position in the culinary items because of their high nutritional value (Padder et al., 2017). It is rich in calories, carbohydrates, protein, vitamins and minerals particularly calcium, phosphorus and iron, thus an excellent food for human consumption. Common bean suffers from many diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematode and also abiotic stresses.
Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (Sousa plumbea) movement patterns along the South African coast

The Indian Ocean humpback dolphin was recently uplisted to ‘Endangered’ in the recent South African National Red List assessment. Abundance estimates are available from a number of localized study sites, but knowledge of movement patterns and population linkage between these sites is poor. A national research collaboration, the SouSA project, was established in 2016 to address this key knowledge gap. Twenty identification catalogues collected between 2000 and 2016 in 13 different locations were collated and compared. Photographs of 526 humpback dolphins (all catalogues and photos) were reduced to 337 individuals from 12 locations after data selection. Of these, 90 matches were found for 61 individuals over multiple sites, resulting in 247 uniquely, well-marked humpback dolphins identified in South Africa. Movements were observed along most of the coastline studied. Ranging distances had a median value of 120 km and varied from 30 km up to 500 km. Long-term site fidelity was also evident in the data. Dolphins ranging along the south coast of South Africa seem to form one single population at the western end of the species' global range. Current available photo-identification data suggested national abundance may be well below previous estimates of 1000 individuals, with numbers possibly closer to 500. Bearing in mind the poor conservation status of the species in the country, the development of a national Biodiversity Management Plan aimed at ensuring the long-term survival of the species in South Africa is strongly recommended. At the same time, increased research efforts are essential, particularly to allow for an in-depth assessment of population numbers and drivers of changes therein. The present study clearly indicates the importance of scientific collaboration when investigating highly mobile and endangered species.
Extraction and Preliminary Characterization of Bromelain from Curaua (ananas Erectifolius L.b.smith) purple and White

Extraction and Preliminary Characterization of Bromelain from Curaua (Ananas erectifolius L.B.SMITH) Purple and White Thayse Alves de Lima e Silva*, Iara Rocha Antunes Pereira Bresolin, Galba Maria de Campos Takaki, Hiroshi Aoyama, Ian Garrard, Elias Basile Tambourgi School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP 13083-852, Campinas, SP, Brazil, bDepartment of Chemistry, Catholic University of Pernambuco, UNICAP, Recife, PE, Brazil Department of Enzymology , Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil Institute for Bioengineering, Brunel University, West London, United Kingdom silva_tal@yahoo.com. br
The grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera) of the grasslands in the southern portion of the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Neotropical mountains host much of the Earth’s biodiversity. The Espinhaco Range of Brazil consists of a fragmented series of low-altitude mountains with extensive areas of grasslands. As is often the case with grasslands, grasshoppers are abundant and diverse in this ecosystem, although they are poorly known. The study was carried in three regions of the Espinhaco Range, located at southeastern Minas Gerais state: Serra do Ouro Branco, Serra do Ribeiro, and Serra do Cipo. The sampling of grasshoppers was performed using sweep and insect nets. Forty-six species (Serra do Cipo with 39 species, Serra do Ouro Branco with 25 species, and Serra do Ribeiro with 21 species) were collected. The richest family and subfamily was Acrididae and Gomphocerinae, respectively. This study recorded 17 new species occurrences to Minas Gerais.
Maltese teachers’ beliefs concerning the integration of children’s literature in mathematics teaching and learning

Abstract This exploratory mixed-methods study set out to explore Maltese primary school teachers’ perceived barriers to, and enablers for, the integration of children’s literature in mathematics teaching. Data were collected by means of an online questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, and analysed thematically using Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour. The responses given by the participants showed that integration of mathematics and stories was not a common practice. The perceived barriers were categorised as Resource Constraint, Time Constraint, Lack of Pedagogical Knowledge and Confidence, Doubts about Outcome Expectancy, and Inhibiting Social Norms while the three perceived enablers identified were Pedagogical Benefits, Love of Stories, and Enabling Social Norms. Given that the majority of the participating teachers acknowledged the potential benefits of the approach and expressed a wish for training, one key recommendation of the study is for teaching mathematics through stories to be explicitly included in pre-service and in-service professional development programmes.
Short Communication: Influence of manganese on efficacy of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant soybean

Soltani, N. , Shropshire, C. and Sikkema, P. H. 2011. Short Communication: Influence of manganese on efficacy of glyphosate in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1061-1064. Four field trials were conducted from 2007 to 2010 in Ontario to evaluate the effect of various manganese (Mn) formulations (Mn1, Ecoman 5% Mn; Mn2, MangaMax 5.5% Mn; Mn3, ManMax 5.5% Mn; Mn4, Superman 5% Mn; Mn5, Stoller This 5% Mn; Mn6, Nortrace 6% Mn-EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate); Mn7, Nortrace 22% Mn and Mn8, WolfTrax 33% Mn) applied at 2.0 kg actual Mn ha-1 on glyphosate efficacy at 900 g a.e. ha-1 in glyphosate-resistant soybean. The tank mix of glyphosate plus Mn4, Mn6 or Mn8 caused as much as 6, 17 and 4% injury in soybean, respectively. There was minimal crop injury (0-1.4%) with other Mn tank mixes. The addition of Mn4 or Mn6 to glyphosate did not antagonize glyphosate efficacy on the weeds evaluated (AMARE, AMBEL, CHEAL and SETVI). The other Mn formulations antagonized glyphosate efficacy for the control of AMARE, AMBEL, CHEAL or SETVI under some environments. The addition of Mn3 or Mn6 to glyphosate reduced soybean yield as much as 15 and 10% compared with glyphosate alone, respectively. Based on these results, it is recommended that glyphosate and manganese applications be applied sequentially to avoid weed control antagonism and maximize soybean yield.
Online Teaching Experiences of ELT Instructors

Online teaching can be regarded as a central phenomenon among researchers, educators and students globally. Especially after the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic, almost all the institutions around the world felt the necessity to deliver such rapid online education to their students, possibly without sufficient preparation. Considering the current educational situation, this study was conducted with 39 participants at a private university in Istanbul, Turkey. The aim of this study is to explore the perceptions of English instructors about online teaching, in terms of the technical, pedagogical and institutional problems they have experienced; therefore, a survey including both Likert Scale and open-ended questions were used to explore these issues in depth. The study has managed to add relevant knowledge to the literature in terms of instructor perceptions of online teaching.
Quality of Basic Care During Neonatal Resuscitation Among Health Care Providers at Three District Hospitals in Kigali

Background Globally, about 10% of neonates require extra respiratory support to initiate breathing at birth. Over a million neonatal deaths could be prevented with quality basic care during neonatal resuscitation. Objective To determine the quality of care (QoC) of basic NR at birth among health care providers (HCPs) at three district hospitals in Kigali. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Thirty-six HCPs were observed 2-3 times using a structured checklist. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results The majority had ‘good’ QoC scores for drying and stimulation (74.7%), and fair scores for airway clearance (85.1%). Some had poor scores for advanced bag and mask ventilation (BMV) (13%). Maternity work experience (1-5 years) was significantly associated with good quality drying and stimulation (p = 0.03), initial BMV (p = 0.02), and advanced BMV (p = 0.03), than HCPs with less than one-year experience. Conclusion Maternity work experience of more than one year significantly improved the QoC during neonatal resuscitation. More NR support during the first year of work and regular NR refresher training would improve neonatal outcomes. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):225-237 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Comparison of Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Hypo and Hyperthyroid Rat Models

Background: Thyroid functional disorders are relatively common in the general population. Different factors play a role in the development of thyroid disorders. These factors can be associated with the deterioration of the oxidation state of the body and the induction of oxidative stress. Thyroid hormones play an important role in the oxidation state. Objectives: Regarding the role of oxidative stress in different pathologies and the development of various complications, including thyroid disorders, we aimed to compare the biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in hypo and hyperthyroid rat models. Methods: Twenty-one male Wistar rats were assigned into three groups of control, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were inducted with PTU (propylthiouracil) and LTX (levothyroxine), respectively. After five weeks of induction, serum biochemical factors and oxidative stress parameters, such as TAC (total antioxidant capacity), MDA (Malondialdehyde), and the thiol group, were measured in these groups. Results: The means of TAC, MDA and UA (uric acid) in the hyperthyroid group were significantly higher than those in the hypothyroid group (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05) but the mean of thiol in the hypothyroid group was significantly higher than that of the hyperthyroid group (P < 0.01). Also, the mean of TAC level in the hypothyroid group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05) and the mean of thiol group in the hypothyroid group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05), but there was no other significant difference between the groups compared to the control group. Among the biochemical parameters, the mean LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) in the hyperthyroid group also showed a significant difference in comparison to the hypothyroid group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups in the mean of the other biochemical parameters. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are associated with a disturbance in the oxidation state of the body, and the use of antioxidants can help improve these diseases, especially in hyperthyroidism, due to enhanced metabolism and production of more free radicals.
Phylogenomics of the lepidopteran endoparasitoid wasp subfamily Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and related subfamilies

Rogadinae are a cosmopolitan, species‐rich braconid wasp subfamily whose species are endoparasitoids that attack larvae of a number of lepidopteran families. Members of this subfamily are characterized by pupating within the mummified host larval skin. The subfamily contains six tribes whose relationships have only been partially clarified: Aleiodini, Betylobraconini, Clinocentrini, Rogadini, Stiropiini and Yeliconini. The limits and composition of the closely related subfamilies to the Rogadinae, Hormiinae and Lysiterminae, also remain unclear. Here, we generated ultraconserved element data to reconstruct an almost fully resolved phylogeny for the members of Rogadinae and related subfamilies. Based on our best estimate of phylogeny, we confirm the monophyly of Rogadinae including Betylobraconini, synonymize Xenolobus Fahringer and Bequartia Cameron within the species‐rich genus Aleiodes Wesmael (syn.n.) based on DNA, and synonymize Promesocentrus van Achterberg with Pilichremylus Belokobylskij (syn.n.) based on morphology. We also consistently recovered Hormiinae and Lysiterminae as not reciprocally monophyletic, and thus propose to unite their members under Hormiinae. The ancestral host preference for Rogadinae was probably attacking concealed lepidopteran larvae, with the occurrence of at least two main subsequent transitions to attack both concealed and exposed hosts, one within Rogadini and a second within Aleiodini. We highlight the importance of natural history collections as a source for conducting genomic‐based studies using techniques that allow to obtain a substantial amount of data from considerably old preserved insect specimens.