Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kinematic Treatment of Coronal Mass Ejection Evolution in the Solar Wind

We present a kinematic study of the evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the solar wind. Specifically, we consider the effects of (1) spherical expansion and (2) uniform expansion due to pressure gradients between the interplanetary CME (ICME) and the ambient solar wind. We compare these results with an MHD model that allows us to isolate these effects from the combined kinematic and dynamical effects, which are included in MHD models. They also provide compelling evidence that the fundamental cross section of so-called "force-free" flux ropes (or magnetic clouds) is neither circular or elliptical, but rather a convex-outward, "pancake" shape. We apply a force-free fit to the magnetic vectors from the MHD simulation to assess how the distortion of the flux rope affects the fit. In spite of these limitations, force-free fits, which are straightforward to apply, do provide an important description of a number of parameters, including the radial dimension, orientation, and chirality of the ICME.
Tropical Cyclone Activity in the Northwest Pacific in Relation to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation Phenomenon

Abstract The interannual variations in tropical cyclone activity in the northwest Pacific (NWPAC) and their relationships with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon were studied using the method of spectral analyses. Time series of a Southern Oscillation Index (SOI, defined as the sea-level pressure difference between Easter Island and Darwin) and tropical cyclone activity in the entire (NWPAC) ocean basin as well as in different regions of the NWPAC were analyzed. Two spectral peaks are apparent in all these time series. One corresponds to the generally accepted Southern Oscillation with a period of ∼3 to 3.5 years and another at the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) frequency. Cross-spectral analyses between the SOI and tropical cyclone activity show significant coherence in these two spectral peaks. The dominant peak is at the Southern Oscillation frequency with the SOI leading typhoon activity by almost a year. At the QBO frequency, the two series are almost in phase. Cyclone activity in t.
The AGN source population in the Chandra Deep Field‐North Survey: constraints from X‐ray spectroscopy and variability

With the 0.5-10.0 keV background nearly resolved (e.g., Giacconi et al. 2000; Cowie et al. 2002), the emphasis has shifted towards understanding the nature of the faint X-ray population — a clear necessity if we wish to understand the formation and evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Here we report on preliminary spectral and temporal Xray studies of AGN in the 2 Ms Chandra Deep Field-North Survey (CDF-N; D.M. Alexander et al. in prep). Our sample is comprised of 136 CDF-N sources with > 200 net counts (∼30% of the total CDF-N sample), spanning (0.014– 2)× 10 ergs cm s; 72 sources have known redshifts.
The Problems of Educational Unit Field Experience Program (PPL SP) for PGSD Students During a Pandemic

Change suddenly resulting in many educational institutions has not avoid congestion strategy, facilities, and infrastructure held a distance learning or online learning. Limitations of media and the skill to operate the hardware and software as a means and infrastructures major can lead to learning that is done it becomes less efficient. Learning is done online rated less effective, so lowering the interaction between lecturers and students and the impact that was felt by the students, they are difficult to understand the material and ask the material that they have yet to understand due to lack of concentration. This study will use the descriptive survey that seeks to explain or record the conditions that can describe the situation. In line with the research objectives sought to describe the difficulties of the students of teacher training that is being or has been carrying out the course PPL SP in elementary school when the pandemic COVID -19 take place. The Data obtained will be analyzed using descriptive statistics it is selected because it corresponds with the purpose of descriptive method selected. Descriptive statistics serve to interpret the data more easily. Problems faced by students of PGSD Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia in the Campus Area of the Attack, among others, difficulties during the implementation of online learning that includes the process of opening and closing the lesson as well as deliver material to the students. Arouse students ' motivation was to be the task of the student PPL SP that difficult.
A Dynamical Simulation of the Debris Disk around HD 141569A

We study the dynamical origin of the structures observed in the scattered-light images of the resolved debris disk around HD 141569A. The disk has two conspicuous spiral rings and two large-scale spiral arms. We explore the roles of radiation pressure from the central star, gas drag from the gas disk, and the tidal forces from two nearby stars in creating and maintaining these structures. The disk's color, scattering function, and infrared emission suggest that submicron-sized grains dominate the dust population observed in scattered light. CO observations indicate the presence of up to 60 M⊕ of gas. The dust grains are subject to the competing effects of expulsive radiation pressure (β > 1, where β is the ratio of the radiation and gravitational forces) and retentive gas drag. We use a simple one-dimensional axisymmetric model to show that the presence of the gas helps confine the dust and that a broad ring of dust is produced if a central hole exists in the disk. This model also suggests that the disk is in a transient, excited dynamical state, as the observed dust creation rate applied over the age of the star is inconsistent with submillimeter mass measurements. We model in two dimensions the effects of a flyby encounter between the disk and a binary star in a prograde, parabolic, coplanar orbit. We track the spatial distribution of the disk's gas, planetesimals, and dust. We conclude that the surface density distribution reflects the planetesimal distribution for a wide range of parameters. Our most viable model features a disk with initial radius 400 AU, a gas mass of 50 M⊕, and β = 4 and suggests that the system is being observed within 4000 yr of the flyby periastron. The model reproduces some features of HD 141569A's disk, such as a broad single ring and large spiral arms, but it does not reproduce the observed multiple spiral rings or disk asymmetries nor the observed clearing in the inner disk. For the latter, we consider the effect of a 5MJ planet in an eccentric orbit on the planetesimal distribution of HD 141569A.
Heterogeneity among the never married in a low-fertility context

BACKGROUND While there has been extensive research on trends in marriage and singlehood, few studies have examined heterogeneity among never-married individuals in a low-fertility context. As a country that has experienced a steady decline in marriage and an accompanying rise in singlehood, Singapore presents a compelling context in which to study the singlehood phenomenon. OBJECTIVE This study aims to understand variations in the never-married population based on their family-related attitudes. It seeks to classify the never married into subgroups and examine how these groups relate in terms of their sociodemographic traits and marriage desires. METHODS Using data from the Perceptions of Singles on Marriage and Having Children study (N = 1,980), latent class analysis was performed to develop a typology of the never married. Latent class analysis applies a person-centered approach to identify heterogeneity between and homogeneity within subgroups based on associations among a set of observed indicators. RESULTS Four never-married subgroups were identified: family conservatives (37%), conflicted conservatives (24%), family progressives (22%), and family skeptics (17%). There were distinct characteristics among subgroups in terms of age, sex, and relationship status. A strong gradient in marriage desires was found across the never-married subgroups, implying that variations between subgroups are an important determinant of the desire to marry. CONCLUSIONS The paper highlights the importance of recognizing diversity among the never-married population as a first step to understanding the flight from marriage. 1 Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. Email: jolene.tan@anu.edu. au. Tan: Heterogeneity among the never married in a low-fertility context 728 https://www.demographic-research.org CONTRIBUTION These findings have implications for societies with declining marriage and fertility rates, especially in contexts where marriage is closely linked to childbearing.
The Primordial Abundance of 4He: A Self-consistent Empirical Analysis of Systematic Effects in a Large Sample of Low-Metallicity H II Regions

We determine the primordial helium mass fraction Yp using 93 spectra of 86 low-metallicity extragalactic H II regions. This sample constitutes the largest and most homogeneous high-quality data set in existence for the determination of Yp. For comparison, and to improve the statistics in our investigation of systematic effects affecting the Yp determination, we have also considered a sample of 271 low-metallicity H II regions selected from Data Release 5 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Although this larger sample shows more scatter, it gives results that are consistent at the 2 σ level with our original sample. We have considered known systematic effects that may affect the 4He abundance determination. They include different sets of He I line emissivities and reddening laws, collisional and fluorescent enhancements of He I recombination lines, underlying He I stellar absorption lines, collisional excitation of hydrogen lines, temperature and ionization structure of the H II region, and deviation of He I and H emission-line intensities from case B. However, the most likely value of Yp depends on the adopted set of He I line emissivities. Using Monte Carlo methods to solve simultaneously the above systematic effects, we find a primordial helium mass fraction of Yp = 0.2472 ± 0.0012 when using the He I emissivities from Benjamin and coworkers and 0.2516 ± 0.0011 when using those from Porter and coworkers. The first value agrees well with the value given by standard big bang nucleosynthesis (SBBN) theory, while the value obtained with the likely more accurate emissivities of Porter and coworkers is higher at the 2 σ level. This latter value, if confirmed, would imply slight deviations from SBBN.
Radio frequency timing analysis of the compact jet in the black hole X-ray binary Cygnus X-1

We present simultaneous multiband radio and X-ray observations of the black hole X-ray binary Cygnus X-1, taken with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array. With these data, we detect clear flux variability consistent with emission from a variable compact jet. To probe how the variability signal propagates down the jet flow, we perform detailed timing analyses of our data. We find that the radio jet emission shows no significant power at Fourier frequencies f ≳ 0.03 Hz (below ∼30 s time-scales), and that the higher frequency radio bands (9/11 GHz) are strongly correlated over a range of time-scales, displaying a roughly constant time lag with Fourier frequency of a few tens of seconds. However, in the lower frequency radio bands (2.5/3.5 GHz), we find a significant loss of coherence over the same range of time-scales. Further, we detect a correlation between the X-ray/radio emission, measuring time lags between the X-ray/radio bands on the order of tens of minutes. We use these lags to solve for the compact jet speed, finding that the Cyg X-1 jet is more relativistic than usually assumed for compact jets, where β=0.92+0.03−0.06 and (⁠Γ=2.59+0.79−0.61⁠). Lastly, we constrain how the jet size scale changes with frequency, finding a shallower relation (∝ν−0.4) than predicted by simple jet models (∝ν−1), and estimate a jet opening angle of ϕ ∼ 0.4–1.8 deg. With this study we have developed observational techniques designed to overcome the challenges of radio timing analyses and created the tools needed to connect rapid radio jet variability properties to internal jet physics.
Influence of organizational culture, job satisfaction and work experience on employee work motivation regional secretariat financial section sungai penuh city

This study aims to see the effect of (1) Organizational culture on employee motivation in the Finance Division of the Sungai Penuh City Regional Secretariat (2) Job satisfaction on the work motivation of employees of the Regional Secretariat of the Regional Secretariat of Sungai Penuh (3) Work experience on the work motivation of employees of the Finance Section of the Regional Secretariat of Sungai Penuh City(4)Organizational culture, job satisfaction and work experience have a joint effect on the work motivation of employees of the Regional Secretariat of Sungai Penuh City. The population in this study were all employees Sungai penuh City Regional Secretariat Finance Sectionas many as 31 people. The technique of determining the number of samples using total sampling. The data analysis technique used multiple regression by fulfilling the requirements of the classical assumption test of normality, and multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity. The results of this study indicate that (1) Organizational culturehas a positive significant effect on employee motivation in the Finance Division of the Sungai Penuh City Regional Secretariat (2) Job satisfactiongive a positive influence on the work motivation of the employees of the Regional Secretariat of the Finance Division of Sungai Penuh City (3) Work experienceprovide a positive influence on the work motivation of employees of the Regional Secretariat of the Finance Division of Sungai Penuh City (4) Organizational culture, job satisfaction and work experiencecollectively have a positive effect on the work motivation of the employees of the Regional Secretariat of the City of Sungai Penuh.
The Orbit of the Companion to HD 100453A: Binary-driven Spiral Arms in a Protoplanetary Disk

HD 100453AB is a 10 ± 2 Myr old binary whose protoplanetary disk was recently revealed to host a global two-armed spiral structure. Given the relatively small projected separation of the binary (1.″05, or ∼108 au), gravitational perturbations by the binary seemed to be a likely driving force behind the formation of the spiral arms. However, the orbit of these stars remained poorly understood, which prevented a proper treatment of the dynamical influence of the companion on the disk. We observed HD 100453AB between 2015 and 2017, utilizing extreme adaptive optics systems on the Very Large Telescope and the Magellan Clay Telescope. We combined the astrometry from these observations with published data to constrain the parameters of the binary’s orbit to a = 1. ″06 ± 0. ″09, e = 0.17±0.07, and i = 32. °5 ± 6. °5. We utilized publicly available ALMA 12CO data to constrain the inclination of the disk, , which is relatively coplanar with the orbit of the companion and consistent with previous estimates from scattered light images. Finally, we input these constraints into hydrodynamic and radiative transfer simulations to model the structural evolution of the disk. We find that the spiral structure and truncation of the circumprimary disk in HD 100453 are consistent with a companion-driven origin. Furthermore, we find that the primary star’s rotation, its outer disk, and the companion exhibit roughly the same direction of angular momentum, and thus the system likely formed from the same parent body of material.
Topological inclusions in 2D smectic C films

In thin films of smectic C liquid crystals, localized regions containing additional smectic layers form circular inclusions that carry a topological charge. Such inclusions nucleate a companion topological defect. These inclusion-defect pairs are modelled as topological dipoles within the context of a one-coupling constant approximation to the 2D Frank free energy. Deviations of the dipole direction from a preferred orientation cause the dipoles to acquire a logarithmic charge. Thermal fluctuations of the dipole direction are calculated and found to be large, scaling as the logarithm of the system size. In addition to dipole-dipole interactions arising from the topological charges, we also find that the thermal fluctuations of the dipole directions are coupled through a preference for global charge neutrality of the logarithmic charges.
THE ROBUSTNESS OF INFLATION TO CHANGES IN SUPER-PLANCK-SCALE PHYSICS

We calculate the spectrum of density fluctuations in models of inflation based on a weakly self-coupled scalar matter field minimally coupled to gravity, and specifically investigate the dependence of the predictions on modifications of the physics on length scales smaller than the Planck length. These modifications are encoded in terms of modified dispersion relations. Whereas for some classes of dispersion relations the predictions are unchanged compared to the usual ones which are based on a linear dispersion relation, for other classes important differences are obtained, involving tilted spectra, spectra with exponential factors and with oscillations. This is the case when the dispersion relation becomes complex. We conclude that the predictions of inflationary cosmology in these models are not robust against changes in the super-Planck-scale physics.
Magnetic and electronic transport percolation in epitaxial Ge 1-x Mn x films

Electronic transport and magnetic properties of Ge{sub 1-x}Mn{sub x}/Ge(100) films are investigated as a function of Mn dilution. Depending on x, characteristic temperatures separate different regimes in both properties. Resistivity exhibits an insulatorlike behavior in the whole temperature range and, below about 80 K, two distinct activation energies are observed. At a higher temperature value, T{sub R}, resistivity experiences a sudden reduction. The Hall coefficient shows a strong contribution from the anomalous Hall effect and, at T{sub R}, a sign inversion, from positive to negative, is recorded. The magnetic properties, inferred from magneto-optical Kerr effect, evidence a progressive decrease of the ferromagnetic long range order as the temperature is raised, with a Curie temperature T{sub C} not far from T{sub R}. The transport and magnetic results are qualitatively consistent with a percolation mechanism due to bound magnetic polarons in a GeMn diluted magnetic semiconductor, with localized holes [A. Kaminski and S. Das Sarma, Phys. Rev. B 68, 235210 (2003)].
Biomass accumulation and carbon sequestration potential in varying tree species, ages and densities in Gunung Bromo Education Forest, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Darmawan AA, Ariyanto DP, Basuki TM, Syamsiyah J, Dewi WS. 2022. Biomass accumulation and carbon sequestration potential in varying tree species, ages and densities in Gunung Bromo Education Forest, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5093-5100. Forest biomass plays an important role in carbon storage to mitigate climate change. While many studies have investigated the carbon stock of various forests, adding knowledge in the context of education forest might enrich the importance of this forest as a carbon pool besides its role for education purposes. Gunung Bromo Education Forest in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia consists of several tree cover types with each type having a different ability to absorb carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This research aimed to determine the accumulation of biomass in Gunung Bromo Education Forest and to investigate the potential for carbon sequestration across different tree species, age classes and densities. Three species of tree (i.e. pine, Indonesian rosewood and mahogany) with varying ages were measured and calculated the biomass (i.e. tree, litter and understorey) and total carbon sequestration potentials (i.e. tree, litter and understorey, and soil organic carbon). This study used purposive sampling method across 9 combinations of tree cover type and age classes, each with 3 replication, resulting in a total of 27 sampling points. The results showed pine stands planted in 1973 had the highest tree biomass of 461.08 t ha-1 and while the pine agroforest planted in 2016 and Indonesian rosewood agroforest planted in 2018 had the lowest tree biomass with 1.02 t ha-1 and 0.39 t ha-1, respectively. Similarly, the pine stands planted in 1973 had the highest total carbon sequestration of 372.68 t ha-1 and the lowest in the pine agroforest planted in 2016 and Indonesian rosewood agroforest planted in 2018 with 187.11 t ha-1 and 193.58 t ha-1 respectively. The results of this study strengthen the common agreement in previous carbon studies that tree age strongly affects biomass accumulation and carbon sequestration, in which the older the plant, the higher the carbon sequestration potential than that of younger plants.
Output signal from Nb-based tunnel junctions by irradiation of 6 keV X-rays

Large-size tunnel junctions with a Nb-Al-AlO/sub x/-Nb structure have been fabricated in order to study their performance in X-ray detection. The junction detected 5.9-keV X-rays with an energy resolution of 1 keV. The output signal was analyzed by the use of coupled Boltzmann equations. The method based on these equations clarifies the basic behavior of the quasiparticles and phonons, and the average energy for producing a single electron is 3.2 Delta .
A Minor-Axis Surface Brightness Profile for M31

We use data from the Isaac Newton Telescope Wide-Field Camera survey of M31 to determine the surface brightness profile of M31 along the southeast minor axis. We combine surface photometry and faint red giant branch star counts to trace the profile from the innermost regions out to a projected radius of 4° (≈55 kpc), where μV ~ 32 mag arcsec-2; this is the first time the M31 minor-axis profile has been mapped over such a large radial distance using a single data set. We confirm the finding by Pritchet & van den Bergh that the minor-axis profile can be described by a single de Vaucouleurs law out to a projected radius of 1. °4 or ≈20 kpc. Beyond this, the surface brightness profile flattens considerably and is consistent with either a power law of index about -2.3 or an exponential of scale length 14 kpc. The fraction of the total M31 luminosity contained in this component is ≈2.5%. While it is tempting to associate this outer component with a true Population II halo in M31, we find that the mean color of the stellar population remains roughly constant at V - i ≈ 1.6 from 0. °5 to 3. °5 along the minor axis. This result suggests that the same metal-rich stellar population dominates both structural components.