Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Dismantling of Family Farming Policies in Brazil and Argentina

This article examines the recent processes of dismantling public policies oriented to promote or regulate family farming in Latin America. It addresses two main questions: How and why were these policies dismantled? Drawing on Bauer et al.’s (2012) analytical framework, the article examines the modalities and stages of the process of dismantling family farming policy instruments in Brazil and Argentina. Likewise, it analyzes the process’s causes by delving into structural, contextual and institutional factors. It adopts this framework, originally developed for social policies in Europe, to analyze rural policies in Latin America. From a theoretical point of view, the study suggests the importance of analyzing the resilience of policies and the mechanisms and strategies of resistance to governmental shifts as these affect the degree and direction that the process of dismantling may take.
Die pflanzengeographische Ozeanitätsgliederung der Holarktis und die Ozeanitätsbindung der Pflanzenareale

Auf pflanzengeographischer Grundlage (durch Vergleich zahlreicher Sippen- und Vegetationsareale) wurde eine zehnstufige, interzonal vergleichbare Karte der Ozeanitat der Holarktis entworfen. Dabei wurde vorausgesetzt, das die Areale gleicher oder nahe verwandter Pflanzensippen eine gleiche oder ahnliche Ozeanitatsamplitude aufweisen. Bei der Beschreibung dieser Karte und der Begrundung der Abgrenzung der Ozeanitatsstufen werden viele spezielle Zuge der Verteilung der Ozeanitatsstufen, wie der Einflus von Gebirgen, von Fluslaufen und anderen Binnengewassern erortert. Durch Zusammenfassung der Stufen wurde aus dieser Karte die der Arealbeschreibung nach Meusel, Jager & Weinert zugrunde liegende vierstufige Ozeanitatskarte gewonnen, in der die Ozeanitatsabstufung jeder Zone auf das Ozeanitats-Mittel der Zone reduziert ist. Diese Karte wurde durch eine ebenfalls aus Tatsachen der Pflanzenverbreitung gewonnene Ariditatskarte der Tropen und der Sudhemisphare erganzt. Die pflanzengeographische Ozeanitatskarte wird den verschiedenen Karten der klimatischen Ozeanitat gegenubergestellt. Die Unterschiede werden diskutiert, sie sind besonders zu den Karten der thermischen Ozeanitat erheblich, da von Norden nach Suden die thermischen Faktoren in ihrer Bedeutung fur die Pflanzenverbreitung immer mehr von den hygrischen Faktoren ubertroffen werden. Als besondere Formen im Verhalten der Pflanzenareale zur Ozeanitatsgliederung werden die Ost- bzw. Westseitenbindung, die unterschiedliche Ozeanitatsamplitude in verschiedenen Florenzonen, die Bindung an starker hygrisch bzw. starker thermisch ozeanische Gebiete und die abweichende Ozeanitatsamplitude in verschiedenen Arealteilen infolge unterschiedlichen Biotypengehaltes untersucht. Der in einer Karte dargestellte Ost-West-Gegensatz in Flora und Vegetation, der auch im Verwandtschaftsgrad der ostlichen und westlichen Sektoren Amerikas und Eurasiens zum Ausdruck kommt, spiegelt den klimatischen West-Ost-Wandel.
Anthocyanins, phenols, and antioxidant activity in blackberry juice with plant extracts addition during heating

In this work the influence of addition of different plant extracts (olive leaf, green tea, pine bark PE 95%, pine bark PE 5:1, red wine PE 30%, red wine PE 4:1, and bioflavonoids) to blackberry juice during heating (at 30, 50, 70 and 90 °C) on the anthocyanin and phenol contents, polymeric colour, and antioxidant activity was investigated. Also, reaction rate constant, half-lives of degradation, and activation energy were calculated. Control sample was juice without addition of extracts. The highest anthocyanin content at 30 °C was in samples with the addition of olive leaf and green tea. At 90 °C the highest anthocyanin content was measured in samples with the addition of extract of red wine and bioflavonoides. Samples supplemented with the extracts had much higher antioxidant activity in comparison to the control sample. Results showed that at 90 °C the sample with green tea supplementation had the lowest reaction rate constant and the highest half-life. Activation energy ranged from 29 to 44 kJ mol−1.
Enhancing Online Supervision Practice for Improving Final Year Industrial Based Project in Technical Programs

Online supervision is seen as a practical medium in connecting the student with their supervisor especially when the supervisors are away from the faculty. It is particularly during project-based supervision, input from supervisor is a must, but types of inputs have been unclear if interaction occurs in online mode. Therefore, this paper determines students’ perception of social interaction needed in online supervision that was conducted via Facebook, e-mails and Skype, including the effective input from their supervisor. The result, important supports needed by the students are Project Input, Academic Input, Managerial Input, Technical and Innovation Input, and Interpersonal Input. Findings could guide the supervisor to provide useful information and guidance to their students to achieve effective supervision, as well as enhance the supervisory practices in order to promote fine products while improving the study completion rates.
Vitamin D Levels and Visual System Measurements in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), but its role in progressive MS has not been elucidated. The objective was to determine the correlation between vitamin D levels and visual parameters in primary progressive MS (PPMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Methods Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) levels were obtained from the Secondary and Primary Progressive Ibudilast NeuroNEXT Trial in MS (SPRINT-MS). Visual function measurements and vitamin D associations were determined using the Pearson correlation and the generalized linear mixed model. Results The analysis included 258 patients (mean ± SD age of 55.6 ± 7.3 years, 52.7% female, and 52.3% PPMS). Mean vitamin D values were above sufficiency and were similar between PPMS and SPMS (P = .47 and P = .31). There was no association between 25(OH)D3 levels and any visual markers, including peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (Spearman r = -0.08), macular volume (r = -0.03), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (r = -0.07), and 2.5% low-contrast visual acuity test (r = -0.10). No statistically significant associations between vitamin D levels and visual system measurements were detected in the PPMS and SPMS subgroups. Conclusions Vitamin D levels were not associated with optical coherence tomography findings or low-contrast letter acuity in this group of patients with progressive MS.
Entrepreneurial university ecosystems and graduates' career patterns: do entrepreneurship education programmes and university business incubators matter?

PurposeThis paper provides insights about how graduates' career patterns (i.e. academic entrepreneur, self-employed or paid employed) are influenced by entrepreneurial university ecosystems (i.e. incubators and entrepreneurship education programs). Design/methodology/approachBy adopting Douglas and Shepherd's utility-maximising function, the influence of one entrepreneurial university ecosystem on graduates' career choices was tested using a sample of 11,512 graduates from the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (ITESM) in Mexico.FindingsOur results show the critical role of entrepreneurial universities ecosystems in facilitating employability options as academic entrepreneurship for ITESM's graduates. The study shows some insights about how graduates' risk aversion and work effort are positively influenced by the university business incubator and entrepreneurship education programs, respectively.Practical implicationsDiverse implications for stakeholders have emerged from our results. These implications are associated with potential benefits of implementing programmes oriented to engage academic entrepreneurship within Latin American universities.Originality/valueEntrepreneurial universities provide a range of employability alternatives for their students, such as to be self-employed, academic entrepreneurs or paid employees. In this scenario, entrepreneurial universities have configured entrepreneurial ecosystems (educational programmes, business incubators and other infrastructures) to support potential entrepreneurs (students, academics, staff and alumni). Despite the relevance of the environmental conditions on individuals' occupational choices, few studies have explored the role of the entrepreneurial university ecosystems on graduates' employability. In this vein, our study contributes to some academic discussions: (1) the role of context on career choice models (Ilouga et al., 2014; Sieger and Monsen, 2015), (2) the role of incubators and entrepreneurship education on fostering academic entrepreneurship on the graduates' community (Nabi et al., 2017; Good et al., 2019; Guerrero and Urbano, 2019a) and (3) the effectiveness of the entrepreneurial university ecosystems on graduates' employability (Herrera et al., 2018; Wright et al., 2017).
Testosterone replacement induced paternal behaviour in the Mexican volcano mouse Neotomodon alstoni (Rodentia Muridae)

Although the first studies that correlated paternal behaviour and testosterone levels in plasma reported that this hormone may have an inhibitory effect in paternal behaviour of the mammals, subsequent studies indicated that this steroid hormone is necessary for the displaying of paternal behaviour. We examined the effect of castration and testosterone replacement in the Mexican volcano mouse, a rodent that in captivity showed high levels of paternal care. In this rodent, testosterone replacement induced paternal behaviour in a considerable percentage of mice, despite the fact that in the first exposure to pups most of them were aggressive. These results suggest that testosterone is involved in the neuroendocrine mechanisms that suppress infanticide behaviour and express parental behaviour in this rodent. However, in agreement with our results, it seems that rather than the concentration of this hormone, an increase in testosterone level functions like a stimulus that triggers the onset of paternal behaviour.
Firm-level determinants of capital structure in the MENA region

This paper investigates the behavior of firm characteristics on capital structure in firms in the MENA region. The outcomes of this research are important to bridge the gap between the theory and the practical decisions related to capital structure. The research studies the impact of firm characteristics on levels of debt from three different perspectives; short-term debt, long-term debt, and total debt. The study is applied to 416 firms from nine countries of the MENA region (Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Kuwait, Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia) over some time from 20072016. Various econometrics techniques are used to reinforce the generated results. The results show that a firm's profitability and liquidity levels have a significant inverse impact on leverage, whereas; firm's size has a direct impact. The empirical results also show that asset tangibility and market value impact leverage differently depending on the type of debt used. Overall, the results reinforce the importance of both the pecking order theory as well as the trade-off theory in explaining capital structure decisions in the MENA region, with the results being more significant concerning the pecking order theory.
SFU Academic Summer Camp for Aboriginal Students 2014 – 2018

The purpose of this note is to summarize and share with the wider academic and non-academic communities our experience over five years, 2014 – 2018, running the Simon Fraser University Academic Summer Camp for Aboriginal High School Students. We describe our reasons for developing this outreach activity and provide the goals and objectives of this initiative. To reach out to those members of the community who are planning or already running similar outreach activities, we also provide details about the camp components, including staffing, budgeting, recruiting, and scheduling. In addition, we highlight testimonials by students, parents, and teachers.
Populations of the European freshwater pulmonate Physa acuta are not reproductively isolated from American Physa heterostropha or Physa integra

It has long been speculated that Physa acuta, a pulmonate snail widespread and invasive in fresh waters of the old world, may have originated in North America. But the identification of a new-world cognate has been complicated by the confused systematics and taxonomy of the Physidae in America. More than 40 species of physids are currently recognized in the United States, many with variable and overlapping morphology. We have previously established that premating reproductive isolation is negligible among physid snails. Here we report the results from no-choice crosses each involving 2 populations of the widespread American species Physa heterostropha and Physa integra, both with each other and with P. acuta, designed to compare measures of reproductive success between species and between populations within species. Samples of P. acuta were collected from France and Ireland, P. heterostropha from eastern Pennsylvania and South Carolina, and P. integra from southern Indiana and northern Michigan. The 6 intrapopulation controls varied quite significantly in their survival, age at first reproduction, parental fecundity, F1 viability, and F1 fertility under our culture conditions. Measures of survival and reproduction in the 6 interpopulation crosses were generally intermediate, but in no case significantly worse than the more poorly performing control. Thus we were unable to detect evidence of reproductive isolation among our 6 populations of snails from 2 continents. All should be referred to the oldest available nomen, P. acuta.
Assessment of plate-end debonding design provisions for RC beams strengthened with FRP

Despite the enhancement in the flexural capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) members externally strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, debonding of the FRP from the concrete substrate at its ends is a major concern. This premature failure mostly occurs at a low fraction of the FRP rupture strain, thus compromises the effectiveness of FRP-strengthening. This paper presents a review on plate-end (PE) debonding as a critical failure mode in FRP-strengthened beams. The available models for predicting this mode of failure are also presented and assessed against experimental database established from previous studies. The precautions recommended by the relevant design codes to prevent PE debonding are also discussed and assessed. Based on the assessment, several conclusions are emphasized, including the inaccuracy in predictions of PE debonding given by most available models when compared with the experimental database and the inconsistency among these models. The assessment also revealed that the precautions recommended by most of the design codes are not adequate to prevent PE debonding.
Dynamics of a Multilocus Trait

A detailed theoretical study of the dynamical behaviour of a quantitative trait under stabilizing selection is given for an effectively infinite sexual population. The trait is controlled by a finite number of loci and the exact equation obeyed by the distribution of allelic effects in gametes is derived and investigated. Results are derived for the effects of selection over one generation when the population is initially in linkage equilibrium, allelic effects are normally distributed, but the strength of selection is arbitrary. When weak stabilizing selection is operative, a more general analysis is presented. This includes explicitly identifying the linkage disequilibrium generating aspect of selection. In addition, the way quantities may be obtained from summing over effective one-locus haploid loci, is derived from the explicit dynamics. Numerical tests of dynamical results over 10 4 generations and equilibrium results are pre- sented.
Implicit Theories of Emotional Intelligence, Ability and Trait-Emotional Intelligence and Academic Achievement

This study examines the effect of the implicit theories of emotional intelligence and of emotional intelligence (EI; ability and trait EI) on students’ academic achievement (GPA). Five hundred twenty-three 10th graders (Mage = 15.5; SD = 0.67) completed measures of implicit theories (IT) and EI (performance and self-report). The results confirmed the direct effect of EI (ability and trait EI) on students’ GPA. Moreover, implicit theories of EI affected students’ trait EI and only indirectly affected students’ achievement. Multigroup analyses indicated that the IT and EI effects on students’ GPA were similar across students’ gender and socio-professional status. These findings underline the relevance of students’ implicit theories and EI and suggest their usefulness as strategies to foster academic success.
Elicitation of brown treesnake predatory behavior using polymodal stimuli.

The brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) is a species of special management concern, requiring improvement of capture methods through the development of effective artificial lures. Toward this end, we used night-vision cameras and mechanical models to study the interplay of sensory modalities for stimulating predatory behavior in brown treesnakes, Snakes oriented toward live mouse (Mus musculus) lures in complete darkness as much as they did to live mice lures under visible-light illumination; however, brown treesnakes in an unlighted environment responded qualitatively differently by probing and biting at the lure holder rather than striking at the mouse within (as did snakes in lighted trials). We altered the odors and vibratory cues of mechanical models to partition attractive stimuli and to measure snake response to vibratory cues. Fur-covered odorized (by rubbing with freshly defrosted dead neonatal mouse) models were more attractive than for-covered non-odorized models, odor alone, and empty lure holders. Brown treesnake response to live mice did not differ from their response to smooth, odorized models, and moving versions of the smooth, odorized models stimulated more predatory behavior than unmoving models. Response from brown treesnakes appears to increase as odor and mechanical vibration stimuli are increased quantitatively and-or qualitatively. Conceptually, we hypothesize that polymodal stimuli synergize to promote predatory behavior in foraging snakes and that for trapping purposes, a multi-sensory attractant, optimized at each modality will be required to achieve capture success similar to or better than that obtained using live mice lures.
Investigation on the Electrochemical Behaviour and Deposition Mechanism of Neodymium in NdF3–LiF–Nd2O3 Melt on Mo Electrode

Neodymium was electrochemically deposited from NdF3–LiF–Nd2O3 molten salt electrolyte onto the Mo electrode at temperatures close to 1273 K. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements were the applied electrochemical methods. Metallic neodymium is obtained by potentiostatic deposition. The optical microscopy and XRD were used to analyze the electrolyte, the working electrode surface, and the deposit on the electrode. It was established that Nd(III) ions were reduced to Nd metals in two steps: Nd(III) + e− → Nd(II) at potential ≈−0.55 V vs. W and Nd(II) + 2e− → Nd(0) at ≈−0.83 V vs. W. Both of these processes are reversible and under mass transfer control. Upon deposition under the regime of relatively small deposition overpotential of −0.10 V to −0.20 V, and after the electrolyte was cooled off, Nd metal was observed at the surface of the Mo electrode. CO and CF4 were gases registered as being evolved at the anode. CO and CF4 evolution were observed in quantities below 600 ppm and 10 ppm, respectively.
Seizure Outcome in Adult Patients with Isolated Focal Cortical Dysplasia in Modern Era

Modern Çağda Yetişkin Fokal Kortikal Displazi Hastalarının Nöbet Sonlanımı Öz Amaç: Fokal kortikal displazi (FKD) yetişkin ve çocuklardaki en sık görülen fokal epilepsi sebebidir. Uzun dönem nöbet akıbetleri çocuklarda raporlanmıştır ancak erişkin hastalar için etkin veriler oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu retrospektif çalışmadaki amaç erişkin izole FKD hastalarında uzun dönem nöbet sonuçlarının ortaya koyulmasıdır. Yöntem: Toplamda 23 tip-1 ve tip-2 FKD hastası opere edilmiştir. Hastaların tıbbi öyküsü, nöbet semiyolojisi ve radyolojik özellikleri incelendi. Uzun dönem nöbet durumları hakkında bilgiler, hastalarla yapılan telefon görüşmeleri ve güncel arşiv bilgilerinden edinildi. Bulgular: On altı hasta aurasız olarak tamamen nöbetsiz izlenmiştir, 7 hastanın nöbetleri devam etmektedir. Hem tip-1 hem de tip-2 FKD’de nöbetsizlik oranı daha yüksektir ve her ikisi arasında sonuçlarda anlamı fark bulunmamıştır. Sonuç: İzole FKD hastalarında cerrahi güvenlidir ve yüksek nöbetsizlik oranı ile sonuçlanmıştır; ancak bazı hastalarda displastik alanın tamamen çıkarılması sonrasında hastaların hala neden nöbet geçirdiklerini açıklayamamamız nedeniyle cerrahi tamamen yeterli değilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Epilepsi, kortikal displazi, nöbet Abstract Objective: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the most common cause of focal epilepsy in children and adults. The long-term seizure outcome has been reported in children, but very limited data are available for adults. The aim of this retrospective study is to provide long-term seizure outcome in adults with isolated FCD. Methods: A total of 23 adult patients operated on type I and II FCD were included. Medical history, seizure semiology, and radiological features were reviewed from the patients’ charts. Long-term seizure outcome was obtained with telephone interviews and last follow-up data available in archive. Results: At the last follow-up, 16 patients (69.6%) were totally seizure free even without aura and 7 patients (30.4%) continued to have seizure. Both type I (75%) and type II FCD (63.7%) showed higher seizure-free rate, and no significant difference was found (p=0.6). Conclusion: Surgery is safe and results in high seizure-free rate in adult patients with isolated FCD, but it is not enough because we cannot still explain why some patients continue to have seizure after complete removal of the dysplastic area.
Desempenho fisiológico e sanidade de sementes de trigo submetidas a tratamentos de hidratação/desidratação

Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de tratamentos de hidratacao/desidratacao no desempenho fisiologico e na sanidade de sementes de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.), amostras dos cultivares "OCEPAR 7 - Batuira" e "CEP 14 - Tapes", foram submetidas a periodos variaveis de 0 a 48 horas de hidratacao, com intervalos de tres horas entre si. Ao termino de cada periodo de hidratacao, as amostras foram caracterizadas quanto ao teor de agua e aos estadios de desenvolvimento e, em seguida, submetidas a secagem ate atingirem a umidade original. Apos dois meses de armazenamento em câmara fria, as sementes foram avaliadas atraves de testes fisiologicos e de sanidade. Conclui-se que: periodos de hidratacao superiores a 30 horas (a 20°C), seguidos de secagem, trazem prejuizos ao desempenho fisiologico e a sanidade de sementes de trigo; as respostas mais favoraveis no aspecto sanitario sao obtidas nos tratamentos em que as sementes sao submetidas a periodos intermediarios de hidratacao (entre 15 e 30 horas), antes da secagem.