Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Nutritive Value of Thin Stillage and Wet Distillers' Grains for Ruminants - Review -

Thin stillage and distillers’ grains are byproducts remaining after alcohol distillation from a fermented cereal grain mash. Both byproducts are used as energy and protein sources for ruminants. Due to its liquid nature, more than 50% of thin stillage bypasses the rumen. Thin stillage can be fed alone or in a combination with distillers’ grains. However, a better utilization by beef cattle is anticipated when thin stillage replaces water as a fluid source. Ruminal undegraded protein content of distillers’ grains is greatly affected by type of cereal grain and by drying. Corn distillers’ grains have a higher ruminal undegraded protein content than wheat distillers’ grains while dried distillers’ grains have a higher ruminal undegraded protein content than the wet distillers’ grains. Wet and dried distillers’ grains can replace up to 50% of corn grain in beef cattle diets without affecting animal performance. The estimated NEg of corn distillers’ grains for beef cattle ranges from 100 to 169% of that of corn. In general, wet corn distillers’ grains have a higher NEg value than dried corn distillers’ grains and the addition of thin stillage improves the NEg of distillers’ grains. Improved performance of ruminats fed distillers’ byproducts can be attributed to high digestible fiber content, improved rumen environment and a shift in organic matter digestion from the rumen to the small intestine.
Energy Efficient Uplink Transmissions in LoRa Networks

LoRa has been recognized as one of the most promising low-power wide-area (LPWA) techniques. Since LoRa devices are usually powered by batteries, energy efficiency (EE) is an essential consideration. In this paper, we investigate the energy efficient resource allocation in LoRa networks to maximize the system EE (SEE) and the minimal EE (MEE) of LoRa users, respectively. Specifically, our objective is to maximize the corresponding EE by jointly exploiting user scheduling, spreading factor (SF) assignment, and transmit power allocations. To solve them efficiently, we first propose a suboptimal algorithm, including the low-complexity user scheduling scheme based on matching theory and the heuristic SF assignment approach for LoRa users scheduled on the same channel. Then, to deal with the power allocation, an optimal algorithm is proposed to maximize the SEE. To maximize the MEE of LoRa users assigned to the same channel, an iterative power allocation algorithm based on the generalized fractional programming and sequential convex programming is proposed. Numerical results show that the proposed user scheduling algorithm achieves near-optimal EE performance, and the proposed power allocation algorithms outperform the benchmarks.
The functional morphology of male cerci and associated characters in 13 species of tropical earwigs (Dermaptera:Forficulidae, Labiidae, Carcinophoridae, Pygidicranidae)

Briceno, R. Daniel, and William G. Eberhard. The Functional Morphology of Male Cerci and Associated Characters in 13 Species of Tropical Earwigs (Dermaptera: Forficulidae, Labiidae, Carcinophoridae, Pygidicranidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 555, 63 pages, 97 figures, 1 table, 1995. —We observed courtship and aggressive behavior in males of 13 species in four families of earwigs in order to determine the functional significance of sexually dimorphic morphology of cerci and associated structures in males. Criteria for determining function included appropriateness of design and consistency of use. In 12 species, at least 17 secondary sexual modifications of male cerci and associated structures appeared to serve in aggressive interactions between males, as weapons and/or as display devices. In two species, modifications of male cerci served to clasp females just prior to and during copulation; in one case, they were used to force copulations on females; in the other, they apparently were used as a courtship device. Functions could not be assigned confidently to many minor features, such as positions of teeth on the cerci. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Briceno, R. Daniel. The functional morphology of male cerci and associated characters in 13 species of tropical earwigs (Dermaptera:Forficulidae. Labiidae, Carcinophoridae, Pygidicranidae) / R. Daniel Briceflo and William G. Eberhard. p. cm. —(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 555) Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-63). I. Dermaptera—Morphology. 2. Dermaptera—Behavior. 3. Dermaptera—Reproduction. I. Eberhard, William G II. Title. III. Series. QLI.S54 no. 555 [QL510.4] 591 s—dc20 [595.721] 94-1220 0 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984.
Estimating top height with variable plot sizes

Conventional top height estimates are biased if the area of the sample plot differs from that on which the definition is based. Sources of bias include a sampling selection effect and spatial autocorrelation. The problem was studied in relation to the use of data sets with varying spatial detail for modelling Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantation growth. Improved top height estimators, developed taking into account the selection effect, eliminated the bias. Bias was reduced, but not eliminated completely, when the estimators were tested using more highly autocorrelated eucalypt data. Resume : Les estimations conventionnelles de la hauteur maximale sont biaisees si la superficie de la parcelle echantillon differe de celle qui a servi de base a la definition. Les sources de biais incluent un effet du a la selection de l'echantillon et une autocorrelation spatiale. Le probleme a ete etudie en relation avec l'utilisation de groupes de donnees possedant des caracteristiques spatiales variables pour modeliser la croissance du Douglas taxifolie (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) en plantation. Des parametres ameliores pour estimer la hauteur maximale, developpes en tenant compte de l'effet de selection, ont permis d'eliminer le biais. Le biais etait reduit, mais non completement elimine, lorsque les parametres etaient testes avec des donnees d'eucalyptus fortement autocorrelees. (Traduit par la redaction) Garcia 1517 Measures of stand top height, representing the height of the largest trees, are widely used in forestry. They are pre- ferred to simple averages for site quality assessment and growth modelling because they are less affected by stand
Histopathology of snakehead, Channa striatus (Bloch), experimentally infected with the specific Aphanomyces fungus associated with epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) at different temperatures.

Snakeheads, Channa striatus (Bloch), were inoculated with a spore suspension of the specific pathogenic Aphanomyces, isolated from fish affected by epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS), in South East Asia. Fish were held at three different temperatures: 19, 26 and 31 °C. Histological changes induced by the infection are described. In the early stages of the disease, degenerative changes were observed in all samples, but inflammatory infiltrate was much more marked in fish kept at 26 and 31 °C. By 8 days post-injection, extensive mycotic granulomatosis was observed in the samples kept at 26 and 31 °C. The fish kept at 19 °C developed a severe invasive myonecrosis with limited macrophage response. From 14 to 28 days post-injection, healing became well established at 26 and 31 °C and surviving fish kept at these temperatures recovered completely by 28 days. The lesion was still progressing at 21 days post-injection in fish kept at 19 °C, and all such fish succumbed by this time. Thus, mortalities in the fish kept at 19 °C were considerably higher than in the groups of fish kept at 26 and 31 °C. The findings help to explain why mortalities from EUS occur when water temperatures are low.
Endophytic Fungal Diversity in Medicinal Plants of Western Ghats, India

Endophytes constitute an important component of microbial diversity, and in the present investigation, seven plant species with rich ethnobotanical uses representing six families were analyzed for the presence of endophytic fungi from their natural habitats during monsoon (May/June) and winter (November/December) seasons of 2007. Fungal endophytes were isolated from healthy plant parts such as stem, root, rhizome, and inflorescence employing standard isolation methods. One thousand five hundred and twenty-nine fungal isolates were obtained from 5200 fragments. Stem fragments harbored more endophytes (80.37%) than roots (19.22%). 31 fungal taxa comprised of coelomycetes (65%), hyphomycetes (32%), and ascomycetes (3%). Fusarium, Acremonium, Colletotrichum, Chaetomium, Myrothecium, Phomopsis, and Pestalotiopsis spp. were commonly isolated. Diversity indices differed significantly between the seasons (). Species richness was greater for monsoon isolations than winter. Host specificity was observed for few fungal endophytes. UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the endophytes into distinct clusters on the basis of genetic distance. This study is the first report on the diversity and host-specificity of endophytic fungal taxa were from the semi evergreen forest type in Talacauvery subcluster of Western Ghats.
Influences of logging history and stream pH on brook trout abundance in first-order streams in New Hampshire

Abstract In New England streams, both logging and acidification may influence native populations of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis. We assessed the relationship between these factors and brook trout abundance in 16 first-order streams that had been logged 6 to more than 30 years prior; we quantitatively sampled fishes and collected habitat and water chemistry data from these streams. Logging history (years since harvest) was negatively correlated with substrate embeddedness, suggesting that this aspect of physical habitat quality improves with forest recovery. Brook trout density and biomass, however, were negatively correlated to years since logging. In contrast, stream pH (ranged from 7 during low-flow conditions in August) was positively correlated with trout density and biomass. These results suggest that forest recovery alone may not result in across-the-board increases in brook trout abundance and that among-site variation in stream chemistry needs to be accounted for when assessing the ef.
Within-Site Variability of Liana Wood Anatomical Traits: A Case Study in Laussat, French Guiana

Research Highlights: We investigated the variability of vessel diameter distributions within the liana growth form among liana individuals originating from a single site in Laussat, French Guiana. Background and Objectives: Lianas (woody vines) are key components of tropical forests. Lianas are believed to be strong competitors for water, thanks to their presumed efficient vascular systems. However, unlike tropical trees, lianas are overlooked in field data collection. As a result, lianas are often referred to as a homogeneous growth form while little is known about the hydraulic architecture variation among liana individuals. Materials and Methods: We measured several wood hydraulic and structural traits (e.g., basic specific gravity, vessel area, and vessel diameter distribution) of 22 liana individuals in a single sandy site in Laussat, French Guiana. We compared the liana variability of these wood traits and the correlations among them with an existing liana pantropical dataset and two published datasets of trees originating from different, but species-rich, tropical sites. Results: Liana vessel diameter distribution and density were heterogeneous among individuals: there were two orders of magnitude difference between the smallest (4 µm) and the largest (494 µm) vessel diameters, a 50-fold difference existed between extreme vessel densities ranging from 1.8 to 89.3 vessels mm−2, the mean vessel diameter varied between 26 µm and 271 µm, and the individual theoretical stem hydraulic conductivity estimates ranged between 28 and 1041 kg m−1 s−1 MPa−1. Basic specific gravity varied between 0.26 and 0.61. Consequently, liana wood trait variability, even within a small sample, was comparable in magnitude with tree surveys from other tropical sites and the pantropical liana dataset. Conclusions: This study illustrates that even controlling for site and soil type, liana traits are heterogeneous and cannot be considered as a homogeneous growth form. Our results show that the liana hydraulic architecture heterogeneity across and within sites warrants further investigation in order to categorize lianas into functional groups in the same way as trees
Modification of the M/G Ratio of Alginic Acid from Laminaria japonica Areschoug Cultured in Deep Seawater

The M/G ratios of alginates in Laminaria japonica Areschoug cultured in deep seawater (DSW) pumped continuously from a depth of 320 m off Muroto, were compared with those of kelp cultured in the cold northern and warm southern open sea. The M/G ratios tended to be higher in the new blade than in the old one throughout the year, irrespective of culture procedure and site. Monthly M/G ratios of the new DSW kelp decreased gradually toward August, to values less than 1. The lower values in the DSW kelp suggest the involvement of factors such as a high phosphate concentration and a low temperature. In the cold northern open sea they increased during these seasons to attain values higher than 2.5. The values for the new blade in the warm southern open sea were even higher at the end of April, close to 3.0. Hence the variation in M/G ratio seems to depend also on the state of kelp maturity besides phosphate concentration and temperature.
Constant Power Load Stabilization in DC Microgrid Systems Using Passivity-Based Control With Nonlinear Disturbance Observer

This paper aims to present a robust passivity-based control (PBC) strategy to solve the instability problem caused by the constant power loads (CPLs) in dc microgrid systems. This strategy is designed to stabilize and regulate the dc-bus voltage of the dc microgrid and to eliminate the dc-bus voltage deviations caused by the system disturbances such as load and input voltage variations. To this end, the control robustness of the PBC strategy is improved by adding the nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO). Whereas, the PBC is applied to damp the system oscillation caused by the CPLs and to ensure that each parallel subsystem in dc microgrid is passive (stable). Based on estimation technique, the NDO works in parallel with the PBC strategy to compensate the system disturbances through a feed-forward compensation channels. Furthermore, the PBC strategy provides self-(I-V) droop characteristics, which able to eliminate the voltage mismatch between the parallel converters and obtain equal current sharing between them. This control strategy ensures large-signal stability, globally asymptotically stabilization and reacts extremely fast against system disturbances as compared with other PBC strategies. The MATLAB simulation and hardware-in-loop (HIL) experimental results are presented to verify the control robustness of the proposed controller.
Dad as a Coach: Fatherhood and Voluntary Work in Youth Sports

One central issue in sports is the role of informal learning in organized child and youth sport in contrast to learning in the school context of physical education (PE). In Scandinavia, the model for organizing sports include an independent sports organization that organizes child and youth training on many levels, including the grassroots level and elite competitions organized within non-profit clubs and based on non-salaried voluntary work. In contrast to the public schooling context where physical education is led by educated and professional PE-teachers, organized child and youth club sports are based on parental engagement. Drawing on ten interviews with male coaches training their own children, this study examines how fathers are handling learning in the dual position as a father and a coach. This narrative analysis focuses on the theoretical concept of dilemmatic spaces in interviews and shows how shared cultural and societal storylines are used by the parental coaches in their personal stories. The results illustrate three dilemmatic spaces of learning that the participants must rhetorically handle. The first dilemma illuminates the dual position of both being a father, and at the same time acting as a coach. In the second dilemma, the fathers are seeking to balance between care of their child and increasing performance development. The third dilemma is balancing the training as child/parent quality time and the need for children to develop autonomy. The results show how the dual position of being a father and a coach can be both an asset in the relational building but also highly problematic and, in any case, involves a relational identity change. Learning in this dual position means that the fathers cannot act entirely as a coaches and disregard or override their parental position.
Loss Averse Depositors and Monetary Policy Around Zero

Recent experience from Europe and Japan shows that commercial banks generally pass negative short-term policy rates on to wholesale depositors, such as insurances and pension funds. Yet, they refrain from charging negative rates to ordinary retail customers. This paper asks whether the existing evidence on the inverse relationship between market experience and the degree of loss aversion can explain this transmission pattern. To this end, I allow for loss averse depositors within a simple two-period di erentiated products duopoly with switching costs. It turns out that if depositors are especially averse to negative deposit rates, banks keep deposit rates at zero as policy rates decline, while accepting squeezed and possibly negative deposit margins. The lowest current policy rate at which the bankingsystem is willing to shield depositors from a negative deposit rate decreases with increasing i) degrees of loss aversion; ii) levels of switching costs; and iii) market expectations about the future policy rate. A calibration of the model indicates how low central banks could e ectively go without taking steps to make paper currency more costly.
Sustainable Agriculture and Its Implementation Gap—Overcoming Obstacles to Implementation

There are numerous studies and publications about sustainable agriculture. Many papers argue that sustainable agriculture is necessary, and analyze how this goal could be achieved. At the same time, studies question the sustainability of agriculture. Several obstacles, including theoretical, methodological, personal, and practical issues, hinder or slow down implementation, resulting in the so-called implementation gap. This study addresses potential obstacles that limit the implementation of sustainable agriculture in practice. To overcome the obstacles and to improve implementation, different solutions and actions are required. This study aims to illustrate ways of minimizing or removing obstacles and how to overcome the implementation gap. Unfortunately, the diversity of obstacles and their complexity mean there are no quick and easy solutions. A broader approach that addresses different dimensions and stakeholders is required. Areas of action include institutionalization, assessment and system development, education and capacity building, and social and political support. To realize the suggestions and recommendations and to improve implementation, transdisciplinary work and cooperation between many actors are required.
Manic episode associated with Varenicline treatment in a patient with a history of depression (eng)

Varenicline is an alpha 4 beta 2 nicotinic receptor partial agonist with dopaminergic effects. It is an effective and widely used agent approved for smoking cessation. Depressive mood, sleep disorder, suicide, agitation, aggression, psychotic and manic symptoms have been reported during the use of varenicline. We report the case of a 48-year-old woman with a history of major depression who was admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of mania with psychotic features at the end of the 12-week varenicline treatment. She was admitted to the psychiatry clinic for mystic grandiose and reference delusions, auditory and visual hallucinations, irritability, insomnia, and rapid speech. She was in antidepressant treatment with 100 mg/day sertraline for 2 years and was euthymic for the last 18 months. In her history, she never had symptoms of mania or hypomania or any psychiatric admission before. In the first mental status examination, the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score was 33. On the twenty-eighth day of the hospitalization, the patient was discharged with the treatment of olanzapine 20 mg/day and clonazepam 0.5 mg/day since her YMRS score improved to 14. In spite of the fact that the core components of varenicline associated mania stay subtle, the present case report features the significance of monitoring for potential adverse reactions with the use of varenicline in patients with a history of depression, particularly when utilized in combination with antidepressants.
A 2-YEAR STUDY OF THE EFFICACY OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS – CHITINASE COMBINATIONS IN SPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA) CONTROL

Abstract Spruce budworm infested balsam fir trees were aerially sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis – chitinase combinations at the rate of 4 Billion International Units of B.t. and 18 mg of enzyme in 0.5 gal/acre. Larvae were peak third instar at spray time. Deposit rates ranged from 1.07 to 3.26 BIU/acre. Efficacy of the treatments was assessed in the year of treatment and carry-over effects were assessed 1 year later. Results in the year of treatment indicated that: (1) Residual activity of B. thuringiensis was drastically reduced after 15 days’ exposure to weathering. (2) Larval mortality alone is not a suitable criterion of efficacy. (3) Dipel and Dipel + chitinase (but not Thuricide 16B or Thuricide + chitinase) were highly effective in reducing budworm densities. (4) Thuricide + chitinase treatment resulted in significant foliage protection. The treatments inhibited feeding in the following order of efficiency: Thuricide + chitinase > Dipel + chitinase > Dipel alone > chitinase alone > Thuricide alone. (5) There was no direct relationship between larval mortality and foliage protection in any of the treatments, likely due to delayed mortality effects. (6) No direct relationship exists between viable spore deposits and deposit of active ingredient (IUs). (7) B.t. treatments retarded development of the spruce budworm and reduced pupal weights, oviposition rates, and egg viability. Assessment of the plots 1 year after spray showed that the treatments apparently gave no long term protection from defoliation, but this was likely due in part to mass invasion of the test plots by moths from immediately surrounding untreated areas.