Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecological integrity and fisheries ecology of the Araguaia-Tocantins river basin, Brazil

An attempt is made to evaluate the present environmental impacts of the Tucurui dam on the fisheries and ecological integrity of the Araguaia—Tocantins basin. Management and research needs to minimize the impacts from future hydroprojects and increased human activities in the basin are also addressed. The Tocantins and Araguaia fish fauna is not especially rich by Amazonian standards (about 300 species). Total yields are also rather low (about 8800 t/y) in a river stretch of about 2500 km and unique for being concentrated (90%) in the main channel. Fisheries are heavily dependent on migratory fish and may be severely damaged as a consequence of river regulation. Downstream from the Tucurui Dam important fisheries have been drastically reduced (70%), probably by recruitment failure, lower productivity and overfishing. Upstream from the dam, however, fisheries have benefited from the higher productivity of the artificial lake, although this has not compensated for the regional economic shortages. Management based on ‘basinwise’ catch statistics and fish migration research should take account of likely future disruptions of commercial fisheries by the synergistic effects of other planned impoundments, mining, deforestation and uncontrolled sport fisheries in the middle and upper basins.
The southern Australian species of Laurencia (Ceramiales: Rhodophyta)

Species of Laurencia along southern Australian coasts are common and often ecologically important. Sixteen species are recognized from this region, of which L. aldingensis, L. shepherdii, L. brandenii and L. tumida are newly described. While most species are clearly defined, L. filiformis as recognized includes three main forms (one of which is based on L. heteroclada), with intergrades between them, and also some intergrades from it to the related species L. arbuscula and L. tasmanica. Most southern Australian species appear to be confined to this region and their biogeography is discussed; the widely distributed L. obtusa probably does not occur in southern Australia.
Diversidade de formigas epigéicas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) em dois ambientes no Centro-Oeste do Brasil

We compared, through the use of diversity indices and species abundance models, the diversity of communities of epigeous ants occurring in two different vegetational structures: native forest and eucalyptus plantation. To capture the ants, 800 soil pitfall traps were used, in eight sample series. A total of 85 species, belonging to 36 genera of seven subfamilies were collected in the two environments. Of these species, 83 occurred in the native forest and 60 in the eucalyptus plantation. The species diversity as evaluated by Simpson's index was not significantly different between the environments, but the Shannon index indicated a higher diversity of species in the native forest. The log-series model could not be adjusted satisfactorily to the data for the ant communities from either the eucalyptus plantation or the native forest; however, the log-normal model appeared appropriate to describe the community structure in both environments. The broken-stick model, which represents a well-structured community, was only adjusted to the data for the native forest sites.
Phenotypic diversity in wild and cultivated melons (Cucumis melo)

Like many crops, cultivated melons present a very large phenotypic polymorphism compared with the low phenotypic polymorphism of wild melons. Domestication has not been intensively studied and the genetic control of domestication traits is still poorly understood. The results of the subsequent diversification and selection processes are the present day types of melons. Genetic control of a majority of the diversification traits is under recessive genetic control: sex expression, fruit shape, sutures, number of placentas, gelatinous sheath around the seeds, white flesh colour and so on. Other phenotypic traits are dominant (orange flesh colour, netting, yellow colour of mature fruit in the Amarillo type and so on) as are most of the disease resistances. Presence of the same traits in very different botanical groups can be the result of parallel evolution but also of intercrossing between groups and selection of preferred alleles. New results (genome sequencing) and methods will allow a better understanding of the genetic control of domestication and diversification.
Revision of the African genus Acroprivesa Schmidt, 1912 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Ricaniidae).

The African genus Acroprivesa Schmidt, 1912 (type-species Acroprivesa suturalis Schmidt, 1912) is reviewed and re-interpreted based on two recent and one fossil species. Lectopype and paralectotypes are designated for A. suturalis Schmidt, 1912. A. bifurcata sp. n. is described. The distribution of the genus suggests an East Africa origin and the present distribution as the result of post-glacial expansion and evolution. Environmental data for extinct and recent species suggest also a probable connection with trees and bushes of family Fabaceae (subfamily Caesalpinioideae). (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
How Wandering Albatrosses use weather systems to fly long distances. 3. The contributions of Antarctic LOWs to eastward, southward and northward flight

Abstract When flying directly southwards, Wandering Albatrosses, Diomedea exulans, used the N—NW winds ahead of cold fronts associated with LOWS, returning northwards in the S—SW winds behind the fronts. Birds flew eastwards in the SW winds between a LOW and a following HIGH, and in NW winds. In westerlies, they flew northeast or south-east and such flights zigzagged across the ocean. Most of these flights were in weather systems in which Antarctic LOWS were a dominant component. Where an extensive stationary HIGH develops over the southern Pacific Ocean, a belt of accelerating winds can develop at the southern interface with circulating southern LOWS, and, in these stronger winds, very rapid eastward transoceanic flights are possible. One albatross flew 1730 km in 1.5 days. A summary is given on how Wandering Albatrosses use the winds of southern oceans to achieve long-distance flights.
Activation of the Nuclear Factor κB Pathway by Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1: Implications for Tumor Progression and Metastasis

Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) was initially identified as an HIV-1- and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)–inducible transcript in primary human fetal astrocytes by a rapid subtraction hybridization approach. Interestingly, AEG-1 expression is elevated in subsets of breast cancer, glioblastoma multiforme and melanoma cells and AEG-1 cooperates with Ha-ras to promote transformation of immortalized melanocytes. Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a TNF-α downstream signaling component, is associated with several human illnesses, including cancer, and NF-κB controls the expression of multiple genes involved in tumor progression and metastasis. We now document that AEG-1 is a significant positive regulator of NF-κB. Enhanced expression of AEG-1 via a replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad.AEG-1) in HeLa cells markedly increased binding of the transcriptional activator p50/p65 complex of NF-κB. The NF-κB activation induced by AEG-1 corresponded with degradation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of p65 that resulted in the induction of NF-κB downstream genes. Infection with an adenovirus expressing the mt32IκBα superrepressor (Ad.IκBα-mt32), which prevents p65 nuclear translocation, inhibited AEG-1-induced enhanced agar cloning efficiency and increased matrigel invasion of HeLa cells. We also document that TNF-α treatment resulted in nuclear translocation of both AEG-1 and p65 wherein these two proteins physically interacted, suggesting a potential mechanism by which AEG-1 could activate NF-κB. Our findings suggest that activation of NF-κB by AEG-1 could represent a key molecular mechanism by which AEG-1 promotes anchorage-independent growth and invasion, two central features of the neoplastic phenotype. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(3): 1509-16)
Genetic Diversity Determined within and among CIMMYT Maize Populations of Tropical, Subtropical, and Temperate Germplasm by SSR Markers

Genetic diversity in maize (Zea mays L.) plays a key role for future breeding progress. The main objectives of our study were to (i) investigate the genetic diversity within and among CIMMYT maize populations by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, (ii) examine genotype frequencies for deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) at individual loci, and (iii) test for linkage disequilibrium (LD) between pairs of loci. Twenty-three maize populations and pools established in 1974, which mostly comprise germplasm from different racial complexes adapted to tropical, subtropical intermediate-maturity, subtropical early-maturity, and temperate megaenvironments (ME), were fingerprinted by 83 SSR markers covering the entire maize genome. Across all populations, 27% of the SSR markers deviated significantly from HWE with an excess of homozygosity in 99% of the cases. We observed no evidence for genome-wide LD among pairs of loci within each of the seven tropical populations analyzed. Estimates of genetic differentiation (G ST) between populations within MEs averaged 0.09 and revealed that most of the molecular variation was found within the populations. Principal coordinate analysis based on allele frequencies of the populations revealed that populations adapted to the same ME clustered together and, thus, supported clearly the ME structure.
Management of the Nile perch, Lates niloticus fishery in Lake Victoria in light of the changes in its life history characteristics

Nile perch was introduced into lakes Victoria and Kyoga in the 1950s and 1960s from Lake Albert. The changes in prey eaten and the life history characteristics of Nile perch in lakes Victoria and Kyoga from the 1960s to 1990s were examined and compared with Lake Albert. The dominant prey eaten changed from haplochromines, Caridina nilotica, Rastrineobola argentea, and Nile perch juveniles. The condition factor deteriorated from 1.4 in 1960s to 1.2 in 1990s, compared with 1.3 in Lake Albert suggesting a reduction in food supply. Therefore, exploitation of Nile perch prey should be controlled. The size at first maturity increased from 30–40 to 40–50 cm and 50–59 to 80–100 cm for males and females, which is similar to Lake Albert. Sex ratios decreased from 85–100 to 20–65 females for every 100 males suggesting that Nile perch had less capacity to replenish its stocks such that breeding females should be protected. As males mature at 50–55 cm and females at 80–100 cm, immature males of 100 cm could be protected through size selective exploitation of fish of 50–100 cm using gillnets of 127–254 mm. Resume La perche du Nil provenant du Lac Albert fut introduite dans les lacs Victoria et Kyonga dans les annees 50 et 60. L’evolution dans la selection de proie et le cycle de vie caracteristique des perches du Nil dans les lacs Victoria et Kyonga entre les annees 60 et les annees 90 ont eteetudies et compares avec celles du Lac Albert. La proie principale a change des haplochromines, Caridina nilotica, Rastrineobola argentea, et perches du Nil juveniles. Le coefficient de condition s'est vu deteriorer de 1.4 dans les annees 60 jusqu’a 1.2 dans les annees 90, par rapport a 1.3 dans le Lac Albert – ce qui implique une diminution dans l'abondance de nourriture. En consequent, l'exploitation de la proie des perches du Nil a besoin d’etre controlee. La taille, arrivant a premiere maturite, a augmente de 30 a 40 cm jusqu’a 40 a 50 cm, et de 50 a 59 jusqu’a 80 a 100 cm pour les mâles et les femelles respectivement - ce qui correspond largement aux donnees provenant du Lac Albert. Le ratio femelles mâles a diminue de 85–100 a 20–65 femelles pour 100 mâles, suggerant que la capacite de reproduction des perches est en cours de diminution, ce qui suggere que les femelles reproductrices devraient etre protegees. Puisque les mâles adultes mesure de 50 a 55 cm et que les femelles atteignent de 80 a 100 cm, les mâles immatures de moins de 50 cm et les femelles reproductrices de plus de 100 cm pourraient etre proteges a travers l'exploitation par selection de taille des poissons de 50 a 100 cm utilisant les filets maillants de 127 a 254 mm.
Uterine involution time and ovarian activity in weaned and suckling ewes

Uterine involution time and ovarian activity were studied in autumn- and spring-lambing ewes. Macroscopic uterine involution was completed earlier in autumn-lambing ewes and this can be related with an earlier resumption of ovarian endocrine activity. The uterus of spring-lambing ewes reached a smaller size, similar to that found in anestrous ewes. Weaning immediately after parturition did not affect the time of uterine involution. Key words: Ewes, follicles, postpartum, uterine involution, weaning
Dietary Cation Anion Difference of Five Cool-Season Grasses

Forage-based rations with a low dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) should be fed to dairy cows 2 to 4 wk prepartum to prevent hypocalcaemia or milk fever. We evaluated the DCAD of two to four cultivars of five grass species at three locations in Quebec, Canada. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehmann), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) were harvested twice a year during two production years. Forage mineral concentrations were measured and the DCAD was calculated with a short equation [DCADs = (Na + + K + ) - (Cl + S 2- )], and a long equation [DCAD L = (Na + + K + + 0.15Ca 2+ + 0.15Mg 2+ ) -(Cl - + 0.65 2- + 0.5P 3- ). The five species had, respectively, DCADs of 656, 540, 510, 490, and 384 mmol c kg -1 DM (dry matter) in spring growth, and 633, 569, 496, 447, and 332 mmol c kg -1 DM in summer regrowth. Orchardgrass had the highest DCAD and timothy the lowest while the three other species were intermediate in both spring growth and summer regrowth. Species differences in DCAD were primarily related to differences in K concentration. Timothy was the only spedes that decreased significantly in DCADs (by 52 mmol c kg -1 DM) and DCAD L (by 35 mmol c kg -1 DM) from spring growth to summer regrowth. Cultivars did not differ in DCADs and DCAD L except for tall fescue. Locations did not differ in DCAD. Among the grass species in this study, and because of its low DCAD, timothy is the best suited for producing forages fed to dairy cows in the weeks preceding calving.
Celebrity

ABSTRACT Celebrity is an emergent theme in historical studies. However, except when searching for the antecedents of modern celebrity, theorists have largely ignored the historical context, while few historians have applied contemporary celebrity theory to the period before 1900. This article gives a general introduction to the topic, reinterpreting the assumed relationship between celebrity and modernity and arguing for the existence of distinct celebrity cultures in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It contends that the application of celebrity theory to the past would provide original insights into themes such as the development of consumer society and the expansion of the public sphere before setting out desiderata for future research.
Microsatellites reveal clear genetic boundaries among Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations from the Barents and White seas, northwest Russia

Fourteen microsatellite loci were employed to study the genetic structure of 34 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations from the White and Barents seas area, the last major European region where the species has remained in its natural state. The populations were separated into four distinct clusters (Atlantic Ocean and western Barents Sea, Kola Peninsula, western White Sea, and eastern Barents Sea) within which genetic divergence varied between 0.02 and 0.10 as estimated with FST. When this structuring was contrasted with previously identified mtDNA-based groupings, a remarkable similarity was observed, implying that these four groups can be considered as a good starting point for defining management units in the region. Indeed, several approaches for assessing every population’s conservation value suggested that conservation of populations from each observed cluster would maximize preservation of the region’s genetic diversity. Furthermore, each unit may require differing management strategies, as dist.
Dry matter production and quality of elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) cultivar Roxo at different cutting ages

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the total dry matter (DM) production, leaf/stem ratio, percentage of leaf and stem and nutritive value of the elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) cultivar Roxo under four cutting ages (40, 60, 80 and 100 days) from July of 1994 to December of 1995 in the wet land region of the Paraíba State. The cultivar was stablished in plots of 3,0 x 5,0 m and plant spacing of 0,70 x 0,80 m, using a completely randomized design with four replicates. The total dry matter production increased with the cutting ages intervals (quadratic relationship), with the highest production of 30,9 t/ha at 100 days. The percentage of leaf and leaf/stem ratio decreased, while the percentage of stem linearly increased with the increase of the cutting ages. There were a decreased in the crude protein contents and cell content, while the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents increased linearly with the increase of the cutting age.
Characterization of bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) by glutenin proteins

Glutenin polymers composed of HMW and LMW subunits are important contributors to the wheat end-use properties. Twenty-six winter wheat cultivars differing in bread processing quality were collected at the experimental fields of the Agricultural Institute Osijek, Croatia and Institute of the Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad, Serbia, in 2008/2009 season. The HMW glutenins composition and glutenin proteins content were determined by SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC, respectively, with aim to determine the relationship between glutenin protein fractions and wheat quality properties. Significant differences were found between Croatian and Serbian cultivars in several quality attributes (GI, WA, DDT, DS and R/EXT) as well as in the content of total glutenins and LMW glutenins and GLI/GLU ratio. The dominant HMW subunits in analyzed cultivars were 2*, 7 + 9/7 + 8 and 5 + 10. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the presence of association between HMW glutenins composition and GI, dough E, R and R/EXT, while the glutenins quantitative data showed pronounced relation with P, DDT, DS, E, R and R/EXT. GLI/GLU ratio had the opposite effect on these parameters.
Mycotoxigenic and proteolytic potential of moulds associated with smoked shark fish ( Chlamydoselachus anguincus )

Among the 33 moulds isolated from 20 samples of wood-smoked Chlamydoselachus anguincus (shark-fish) 20 isolates were capable of producing metabolites toxic to fertile Hubbard Golden Comet (Niger chick) eggs. Aspergillus and Pencillium isolates were the predominant moulds. Other toxigenic moulds isolated were Eurotium , Fusarium and Cladosporium species. The protease producing potential of the isolates varied among the genera and between isolates of the same species. The existence and growth of these moulds on smoked fish is a pointer to the potential health risk associated with the consumption of mouldy dry fish. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management Vol. 9(3) 2005: 53-57
Strategic analysis of the creative business development of processed agricultural products in Surabaya, Indonesia

Haryanti, E. , Suryaningsih, D. R. , & Hanani, N. (2019). Strategic analysis of the creative business development of processed agricultural products in Surabaya, Indonesia. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 25(5), 891–902 This research aims to classify the creative business development of processed agricultural products and to formulate alternative strategies for development. Using random sampling methods, 50 respondents were selected. Based on a Klassen typology classifi cation analysis, the creative businesses of processed food crops and processed fi shery products are defi ned as prime subsectors. In contrast, the creative business of processed livestock is classifi ed as a potential subsector. More detailed analysis of each subsector shows that 26% of creative businesses of processed food crops have a prime classifi cation, another 46% have a potential classifi cation, and the remaining 27.1% have an underdeveloped classifi cation. The fi shery subsector predominantly comprises creative businesses with potential classifi cation (54%), followed by prime classifi cation (27%), and fi nally underdeveloped classifi cation (19%). Location quotient analysis indicates that all the creative businesses of processed food crops and processed fi shery products are included in basic status. According to analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT), the creative businesses of processed food crops and fi shery products are primarily in quadrant I (aggressive region), indicating that they are in a good position to capitalize on their strengths and seize opportunities. This strategy could be applied based on the principle of harnessing the power of the creative businesses to effect development.
A comparative study of karyotypes in two species of Byblis (Byblidaceae)

Byblis filifolia and B. liniflora had the diploidal and the tetraploidal chromosome numbers of 2n=16 and 32, respectively. In condensation behavior from prophase to metaphase, most chromosomes of both species had early condensing segments at the proximal regions. At prometaphase and early-metaphase, all chromosomes except for some small sized chromosomes had decondense segments at the distal regions in both arms. At mid-metaphase, well-spread chromosomes were quite rare to obtain, because all chromosomes at mid-metaphase stage were quite sticky nature, but not earlier stages of metaphase and prophase. The metaphase chromosomes in both species showed a gradual decrease in size from the largest to the smallest. In B. filifolia, total chromosome length at early-metaphase was 40.5 μm, while total chromosome length at mid-metaphase was 23.3 μm. In contrast, B. liniflora showed total chromosome length of 106.1 μm at early-metaphase, and 54.0 μm at mid-metaphase. To compare to the same stage of metaphase, the total length in B. liniflora was nearly twice as long as that of B. filifolia. Two sat-chromosomes were observed in both species.