Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of an acute bout of high intensity exercise on corticospinal excitability and transcallosal inhibition in older adults

iii Lay Summary . v Preface . vi List of Tables . x List of Figures . xi List of Abbreviations . xii Acknowledgements . xiv Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 General introduction . 1 1.1.1 Assessing corticospinal excitability using non-invasive neurostimulation . 1 1.1.2 Assessing intracortical and interhemispheric interactions using non-invasive neurostimulation . 3 1.1.3 Exercise and its effects on neuroplasticity in healthy young adults . 7 1.1. 4 Corticospinal excitability & transcallosal inhibition in healthy older adults . 10 1.2 Research question, aims, and hypotheses . 13 1.3 Significance. 13 Chapter 2: Methods . 14 2.1 Participants . 14 2.2 Experimental Design . 16 2.3 Equipment . 17 2.4 Exercise Protocol . 19 2.5 Rest Protocol . 20 2.6 TMS Measures . 20 2.7 Data Processing . 21
Parents’ Emotional Intelligence and their Children’s Mental Health: A Systematic Review

Background: Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been the subject of numerous investigations and has been connected to better adaptation to the environment in general and, in particular, to better mental health. Parents' EI seems to be passed on to their children through learning. There are few studies that evaluate the EI of parents in relation to the mental health of their children. Objective: To synthesize current knowledge about the association between parents' EI and psychological, evolutionary and the mental health-related variables of their children. Methods: Carry out a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and J Psychiatry Psychiatric Disord 2021; 5 (2): 58-75 doi: 10.26502/jppd.2572-519X0134 Journal of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Disorders 59 Psycinfo databases were searched up to November 20, 2020, using the relevant MeSH terms and keywords. Results: A total of 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. All agreed in identifying the positive association of parents' EI with some aspect related to the quality of life of their children. However, there is limited evidence in the direction of this association and explanatory models for it. The studies differed in the type of sample used, as well as in the instruments used to evaluate EI. Conclusion: A better EI of the parents is related to characteristics in their children such as a better adaptation to the environment, a better state of mental health or a lower severity of psychopathology.
Downstreaming of Lactic Acid from Hydrolysate of Rye after Fermentation

Various methods of separation were studied for the production of lactic acid after fermentation of glucose from hydrolysate of shredded rye. The fermentation broth successively passed through ultrafiltration, softening, conventional electrodialysis that operated in a two-level mode (water transport: 0.42 L/eq; current efficiency: 63%), three-compartment electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (water transport: 0.19 L/eq; current efficiency: 75%), ion exchange, decolourisation, and finally evaporation. The product of the pilot plant was a concentrated lactic acid with a small portion of impurities and a concentration of up to 750 g/L. This process can be used to clean lactic acid for high-grade applications in industry.
Free vibration of axially loaded multi-cracked Timoshenko beams

Abstract. In this paper, the free vibration of axially-loaded, multi-cracked Timoshenko beams with differing boundary conditions, namely, hinged-hinged, fixed-fixed, fixed-hinged, and fixed-free is studied. The cracked beam system is represented as several beam segments connected by massless rotational springs with sectional flexibility. Each segment is assumed to obey the Timoshenko beam theory. A simple transfer matrix method is used to derive the characteristic equation of the axially-loaded, multi-cracked beam with differing boundary conditions. The characteristic equation and corresponding mode shapes are a function of natural frequency, crack size and location, and physical parameters of the beam. In this paper, the effects of crack depth, number of cracks, position of cracks, axial load, shear deformation and rotary inertia on the dynamic behavior of multi-cracked beams are studied in detail. It is found that there is good agreement between the results obtained in this study and results available in the literature. Additionally, interesting observations overlooked by other researchers are obtained.
Determination of absolute molecular weight of sodium lignosulfonates (NaLS) by laser light scattering (LLS)

Abstract The problems related to the determination of the absolute molecular weight (Mw) of sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) are the focus of the present work. Four narrow-dispersed NaLS fractions were collected by filtration, ultrafiltration, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and their Mw measured by laser light scattering (LLSMw) was compared with that obtained by GPC (GPCMw). The LLSMw values were much larger than GPCMw, and this Mw difference increased with increasing Mw of NaLS. This finding confirms the known polyelectrolyte and aggregation effects of NaLS. The deviation is also partly due to the conformation differences between the GPC standard (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) and the NaLS molecules. The effects of polyelectrolytes and NaLS aggregates could be inhibited by adding enough NaCl salt in the NaLS solution and filtering the NaLS/NaCl solution through a syringe filter. As a result, the slow mode in dynamic LLS measurement disappeared. By this approach, the absolute LLSMw values were only slightly larger than that determined by GPC due to the conformation differences between the GPC standard and the NaLS molecules.
Cyper-coconut yoghurt: preparation, compositional and organoleptic qualities

In this study the possibility of using various plant milk sources in the making of yoghurt was investigated in a completely randomized design model. Yoghurts were made using Cow milk (T1), Coconut milk (T2) , Tigernut milk (T3), 50% Tigernut milk + 50% Coconut milk (T4) 50% Tigernut + 50% Soybean milk (T5) and 50% Tigernut + 50% Cow milk (T6). The various yoghurt samples were analyzed for chemical composition and sensory qualities were tested. The sensory quality was determined using a nine point hedonic scale. It was observed that the samples of yoghurt from Tigernut milk (T3) and 50% Tigernut +50% Soybean milk (T5) were higher in crude protein and total solids while the titrable acidity was. 0.5 in Tigernut milk yoghurt (T3). The overall sensory score was 5.0 for all types of yoghurts included in this study. The yoghurt made from 50% Tigernut milk + 50% Cow milk yoghurt (T6) had similar sensory qualities compared to yoghurt from other sources. The higher chemical composition, cost per kg of each yoghurt samples and sensory scores of yoghurt prepared from Tigernut milk and Coconut milk sources as well as their potential therapeutic effects may well be encouraging for the Nigerian dairy industry.
Sequential Injection Assisted Stripping Chronopotentiometry at Screen Printed Gold Electrodes for Determination of Hg(II) in Adsorption Studies

ABSTRACT The quest for low cost adsorbents to remove highly toxic mercury(II) from aqueous solutions is currently a worldwide research area. Evaluation of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters related to adsorption requires serial analyses, usually made by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry, a sensitive but expensive technique. In the present paper, stripping chronopotentiometry with sequential injection analysis was developed to investigate the adsorption of mercury(II) on sodium homoionic vermiculite. Mercury was deposited at 0.3 V vs. a Ag/AgCl pseudo-reference electrode under flow conditions (30 µL s−1) and reoxidized by a current of 0.10 µA after the flow was stopped. The limits of detection and quantification were 14 and 47 nmol L−1, respectively. The linear dynamic range extended to 1.0 µmol L−1, and the relative standard deviations of the blank, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 µmol L−1 solutions (n=3) were 4.6, 1.1, 0.9, and 1.1%, respectively. The accuracy was evaluated by analyzing a certified estuarine sediment (ERM-CC580), recovering 103 ± 1% of the certified mercury(II) concentration (132 ± 3 mg kg−1). Adsorption of mercury(II) on vermiculite followed pseudo second order kinetics. The adsorption isotherms (25.0 ± 0°C) were properly fitted by the Langmuir equation resulting in an adsorption capacity 21 ± 2 µmol g−1 and an adsorption constant of 0.28 ± 0.05 L g−1.
On the reducibility of a class of almost periodic Hamiltonian systems

In this paper we consider the following linear almost periodic hamiltonian system \begin{document}$ \dot{x} = (A+\varepsilon Q(t, \varepsilon))x, \; x\in R^{2}, $\end{document} where \begin{document}$ A $\end{document} is a constant matrix with different eigenvalues, and \begin{document}$ Q(t, \varepsilon) $\end{document} is analytic almost periodic with respect to \begin{document}$ t $\end{document} and analytic with respect to \begin{document}$ \varepsilon $\end{document} . Without any non-degeneracy condition, we prove that the linear hamiltonian system is reducible for most of sufficiently small parameter \begin{document}$ \varepsilon $\end{document} by an almost periodic symplectic mapping.
The predictive factors for prolonged seizures and status epilepticus: a single center study

Objectives: To analyze the clinical features of prolonged seizures and status epilepticus and perform risk analysis on super refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions. Method: Demographic features, underlying etiologies, treatment modalities, electroencephalographic and neuroimaging outcome of intensive care unit admissions between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed. Results: Seventy-one children were enrolled. The common etiology for prolonged seizure was fever in 45.1% of the children (central nervous system infection: 16.9%, infection other than central nervous system: 28.2%), withdrawal of the antiepileptic medication in 40.9%, intoxications in 12.7% of the children and intracranial hemorrhage due to arteriovenous malformation in one (1.4%) patient. Initial diagnostics exhibited 23.9% of hypoglycemia, 18.3% of hypocalcemia, 15.5% of hyponatremia, 35.2% of acidosis, and 25.4% of elevated lactate. Group categorizations were based on fever and new onset of seizure. Approximately 45.1% of the population acquired fever at the onset and consisted of younger children compared to their counterparts (p=0.023). Children with pre-existing epilepsy had frequent history of sibling death, while patients with new-onset of seizure possessed significant lactate elevations, acidosis, and required mechanical ventilation more often (p=0.002, p=0.008, p=0.017). Twelve (16.9%) patients developed SRSE. Low serum sodium and calcium levels were associated with developing SRSE (OR: 10.800, 95%CI: 2.518-46.318; OR: 4.554, 95%CI: 1.159-17.892); however PRISM-3 score has been identified the single independent risk factor in children proceeding to SRSE (OR: 1.174, 95% CI: 1.039-1.327). Three (4.2%) children died of secondary complications. Tracheostomy cannulation was performed in two (16.7%) SRSE patients due to neurological incapability to maintain a patent airway. Conclusion: PRISM-3 score is the independent risk factor of SRSE. Electrolyte abnormalities (hyponatremia and hypocalcemia) are associated with developing SRSE.
Impact of various watering regimes on physiological and hematological parameters in intensively kept Marecha (Camelus dromedarius) she-camels in summer season

Background: Camel is vital to daily life as a source of food and means of transportation, and just as importantly, its milk and urine have been used as medicine for diverse ailments since ancient times for people living in the desert region. Aim: The current study was planned to investigate the effect of different watering regimes on physiological and hematological parameters of lactating Marecha camels during the summer season. Methods: For this purpose, 12 lactating she-camels of almost similar age (8–13 years) and parity (2–5) were selected in a completely randomized design with four animals per treatment at the Camel Breeding and Research Station Rakh Mahni District Bhakkar. The trial was completed in 60 days, while 7 days were given as an acclimatization period for adaptation. The treatments were as follows: Group-1 (G-1) considered as the control had access to water once in a day; Group-2 (G-2) had access to water once in 4 days, and Group-3 (G-3) had access to water once in 6 days. Animals were housed individually for feeding and watering in an intensive management system. The same feed consisting of green fodder (Lucerne) and gram straw (Cicer arientinum) was offered to all animals. The average ambient temperature and relative humidity were 39°C–41°C and 55%–63%, respectively. Result: The mean values (p < 0.001) of water intake were found to be 82.94 ± 1.34 l in G-3, which was higher than G-1 and G-2. Blood analysis showed that packed cell volume, white blood cells, and hemoglobin were affected significantly (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion: No serious changes in complete blood count and physiological parameters were reported in this study. So, this shows that the camel is unique in its physiological adaptation in hot and hostile environments.
Comparative neurotoxicity of methylmercury and mercuric chloride in vivo and in vitro

It is impossible to remove methylmercury (MeHg) from biological systems because MeHg is found throughout our environment in many fresh and salt water fish. The consumption of fish is important to human nutrition and health. The mechanism of MeHg neurotoxicity must be understood to minimize adverse exposure consequences. The dissertation objective was to: 1) compare mechanisms of MeHg neurotoxicity between animals exposed as adults and those exposed during gestation, and 2) develop an in vitro test model of in vivo MeHg exposure. Total mercury (Hg) levels in tissue / cells were determined by combustion / trapping / atomic absorption. Cell death was determined by Fluoro-Jade histochemical staining and activated caspase 3 immunohistochemistry for in vivo studies, and Trypan blue exclusion, lactate dehydrogenase activity, and cytotoxicity assays for in vitro studies. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i), and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined using fluorescence microscopy or microplate reader assays. Young adult C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to a total dose of 0, 1.0, or 5.0 mg/kg body weight MeHg divided over postnatal days (P)35 to 39. Pregnant female mice were exposed to a total does of 0, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/kg body weight MeHg divided over gestational days (G)8 to 18. SY5Y cells were exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 ? M MeHg or HgCl2 for 24, 48, or 72 hours. Total Hg in brains of young adult mice, mouse pups, and SY5Y cells accumulated in a dose-dependent manner. Cell death increased in SY5Y cells exposed to the highest concentrations of MeHg and HgCl2 used in this study. Cell death increased in the molecular and granule cerebellar cell layers of young adult mice exposed to the highest doses of MeHg used in this study. P0 mouse pups showed no increase in cell death within the cerebellum following MeHg exposure. Cerebella of mice at P10 exhibited decreased dying cells only in the external germinal layer. Low concentrations of MeHg affected MMP in both in vivo and in vitro studies, but did not result in decreased MMP typically associated with higher MeHg concentrations. [Ca2+]i was increased throughout the in vivo experiments in an age- , sexand brain region-dependent manner. Generation of ROS was decreased in both in vivo and in vitro studies with both the MeHg and HgCl2 (in vitro) treatments. In summary, low and moderate MeHg exposure, both in vivo and in vitro, altered mitochondrial function, Ca2+ homeostasis, and ROS differently than what is reported in the literature for higher MeHg exposure concentrations. SY5Y cells were sensitive to low-levels of MeHg and HgCl2 and responded similarly to cells in the whole animal studies, thus making SY5Y cells realistic candidates for mechanistic MeHg studies. Cell culture and whole animal neuronal functional studies at chronic low-level MeHg exposure are limited. These data suggest that low-levels of MeHg may affect neuronal function. Therefore, further chronic low-level MeHg neuronal functional studies are…
Market concentration and foreign direct investment in the financial leasing sector of the Republic of Serbia

The financial leasing market in previous years is characterised by a growth that is also expected in the coming period. Besides, developing countries are striving to attract as much foreign direct investment (FDI) as possible to accelerate economic growth and achieve macroeconomic stability. The aim of this paper is to determine whether there is a relationship between FDI and the level of market concentration in the financial leasing sector of the Republic of Serbia and to determine whether this relationship is long-term or short-term. Quarterly data from the first quarter of 2006 to the first quarter of 2019 were used. Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach (ARDL) and bounds test were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a negative relationship between FDI and the level of market concentration in the financial leasing sector of the Republic of Serbia in the long run, while there is no statistically significant relationship between FDI and the level of market concentration in the short run.
Selective Monolaurin Synthesis through Esterification of Glycerol Using Sulfated Zirconia-Loaded SBA-15 Catalyst

The selective conversion of lauric acid to glycerol monolaurin over sulfated zirconia SBA prepared under various conditions was investigated in this study. The structural properties of the prepared catalysts were characterized using different characterization techniques. Sulfated zirconia was successfully incorporated with improved properties, such as larger mesopore surface area; the mesoporous structure was preserved as well. The highest yield of 79.1% was obtained during reaction over SZSBA-15 catalyst with 16 wt. % zirconium oxychloride loading and 3 h of reflux time. About 83.4% selectivity toward monolaurin was achieved at a high conversion of lauric acid (94.9%), a lauric acid-to-glycerol molar ratio of 4.0, within 6 h, and at 160°C. Product distribution was successfully elucidated. High selectivity to monolaurin was influenced by molecular sieving effects.
Plasma Charging Damage in HK-First and HK-Last RMG NMOS Devices

This work reports on charging damage induced by gate antennae in high- $\kappa $ (HK) Replacement Metal Gate (RMG) technology for the HK-first and HK-last integration flows, comparing plate and comb layouts. For the HK-first devices, a significant degradation of the Gate Induced Drain Leakage (GIDL) occurs for both types of antennae, which is analyzed in terms of activation energy and corresponding trap characteristics. The degradation of the HK-last transistors is attributed to top oxide deposition which causes a different degradation pattern. In this case, charging damage leads to a degradation of the gate leakage which correlates with the “aspect ratio” of the antenna. These differences are explained and analyzed based on the plasma characteristics.
Cubic perovskite polymorph of strontium metasilicate at high pressures

Abstract By using a diamond-anvil cell (DAC) with laser heating technology, a cubic perovskite polymorph of SrSiO3 has been synthesized at - 38 GPa and 1500-2000 K for the first time. The P-V data of this new phase give ambient temperate elastic constants of V0 = 49.18(5) Å3, K0 = 211(3) GPa, respectively, when they are fitted against the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state with a fixed K0′ at 4. On decompression, the SrSiO3 cubic perovskite phase becomes unstable at - 6.2 GPa and disappears completely at - 4.7 GPa. The transformed product can be considered as an amorphous phase with a minor amount of small sized crystals in the amorphous matrix. First principle calculations predicted structural properties of both the cubic and the six-layer-repeated hexagonal perovskite polymorphs of SrSiO3 in good agreement with experimental results. The experimental and theoretical results indicate that the larger Sr2+ cation can substitute the Ca2+ cation and enter into the lattice of the cubic perovskite phase of CaSiO3 at lower mantle conditions with only a small lattice strain. These results indicate that Sr can be hosted in cubic perovskite CaSiO3 found as inclusions in diamonds originating from the lower mantle
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence Study of Two Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Tablets in Chinese Healthy Volunteers Under Fasting and Fed Conditions: A Randomized, Open-Label, Two-Formulation, Two-Sequence, Two-Period, Single-Dose Crossover Study.

BackgroundCiprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic which is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The study mainly aimed to determine the bioequivalence of two branded ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets (250 mg) under the fasting and fed conditions.MethodsThe study was carried out in 48 healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions with a randomized, open-label, two-formulation, two-sequence, two-period, single-dose crossover design. In each period of the study, the subjects were assigned to receive a single oral dose of 250 mg of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. Blood samples were collected from an hour before dosing to 36 h after administration with 16 time points in total. The bioequivalence analysis was performed after ln-transformation of the ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetic parameters including maximum concentration (Cmax), area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to time t (AUC0-t), area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0-∞). Two formulations are considered bioequivalent if the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the test/reference geometric mean ratios (GMRs) for the ln-transformed pharmacokinetic parameters fall within the standard acceptance range of 80% – 125%. ResultsIn total of 48 subjects were enrolled in the fasting and fed studies, and one of the subjects was excluded before the administration. In the fasting study, the 90% CIs for the test/reference GMRs of the ln-transformed data for Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞ were 85.41% to 100.97%, 95.40% to 100.27%, and 95.48% to 100.30%, respectively. For the fed study, the 90% CIs for the test/reference GMRs of the ln-transformed data for Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞ were 90.15% to 113.75%, 99.10% to 103.77% and 99.11% to 103.80%, respectively. A total of 8 of 47 subjects experienced AEs in the fasting and fed studies.ConclusionsIn the study, the generic (test) product of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride 250 mg was bioequivalent to the innovator (reference) product after a single oral dose administration under the fasting and fed conditions. Both two brands of ciprofloxacin tablets were safe and well tolerated.Trial registrationThe clinical trial was registered at Center for the Drug Evaluation of the National Medical Products Administration (registration number: CTR20171152; date of registration：September 25, 2017; http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/clinicaltrials.searchlistdetail.dhtml).