Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Side effects of spiromesifen and spirodiclofen on life table parameters of the predatory mite, Neoseiulus californicus McGregor (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

ABSTRACT Knowledge of variation in the susceptibility of natural enemies to pesticides could help to better design integrated pest management strategies. In this study, laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the lethal effects of spiromesifen and spirodiclofen on life table parameters of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), a potential predator of Tetranychus urticae Koch. The LC90 values of N. californicus populations were determined with the leaf disc method under laboratory conditions (25 ± 2°C, 70 ± 5% relative humidity and 16:8 h (L:D)). The acaricides tested significantly increased the total development time of both sexes. The adults’ longevity, oviposition period, and mean fecundity decreased after exposure to treatments. The results indicated that adverse effects of the two treatments on population growth parameters (r, λ, R0, T) of N. californicus were significant. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) in the control, and those treated with spiromesifen and spirodiclofen were 0.22, 0.15 and 0.12 days−1, respectively. Based on these results, considering the effects of the acaricides on the population growth of N. californicus, spiromesifen and spirodiclofen should be used cautiously in conjunction with N. californicus to achieve efficient control of T. urticae management.
Mucosal and Systemic Immune Phenotype is Altered During HIV-1 Infection and is Partially Restored and Further Disrupted in the Absence of Detectable Viral Replication

5 Chapter 1: Introduction . 7 HIV . 8 The Epidemic . 8 The Virus and Viral Life Cycle . 9 The Advent of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy . 13 Living with HIV in the Treatment EraImmune successes and Immune failures . 17 Increased plasma indices of inflammation and correlation to increased morbidity and mortality . 18 Monocytes in Disease . 18 Intestinal Barrier Function and Intestinal Epithelial Cell Polarity . 20 Intestinal Barrier function is decreased in HIV disease . 23 Toll-Like Receptors . 25 The Microbiome . 28 Mucosal Immune cells depleted in HIV disease and our resulting model of systemic inflammation . 29
Diversity of characteristics associated with lodging resistance in sugarcane germplasm.

1 Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 2 Northeast Thailand Cane and Sugar Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand 3 Mitr Phol Innovation and Research Center, 399 Moo 1, Chumpae-Phukieo Road, Khoksa-ard, Phukieo, Chaiyaphum 36110, Thailand Corresponding author’s email: patcharinso@kku.ac. th Co-authors’ email addresses: singkom24@gmail.com, pjaisil@gmail.com, sjogloy@kku.ac. th, peerayak@mitrphol.com, nuntawootjrk@gmail.com, aran@kku.ac. th
A study on the investigation of relationship between intensity and directional components of trait anxiety

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between intensity and directional components of trait anxiety. 200 competitors from a variety of sports (Athletics, Kabaddi, Boxing, Hockey, Football, Judo, Volleyball, Wrestling) were selected as the subjects for the study. CTAI-2D was used as the criterion measure. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s “r” was employed as the statistical technique. Findings revealed small, positive and linear relationship between the cognitive and somatic intensity components, small, positive and linear relationship between the cognitive and somatic directional components and small, moderate and negative relationship between the corresponding intensity and direction components of state anxiety.
The potential for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to conduct marine fauna surveys in place of manned aircraft

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in marine wildlife research. As technological developments rapidly advance the versatility and functionality of affordable UAVs, their potential as a marine aerial survey tool is quickly gaining attention. Currently, there is significant interest in whether cost-effective UAVs can outperform manned aircraft in aerial surveys of marine fauna at sea, although few empirical studies have compared relative sampling efficiency, accuracy and precision. Civil aviation restrictions, and subsequent available civilian technologies, make it unlikely that UAVs will currently be more effective than manned aircraft for large area marine surveys. UAVs do, however, have the capacity to fill a niche for intensive smaller spatial scale sampling and for undertaking aerial surveys in isolated locations. Improvements in UAV sensor resolutions and alternative sensor types, such as multispectral cameras, may increase area coverage, reduce perception error, and increase water penetration for sightability. Additionally, the further development of auto-detection software will rapidly improve image processing and further reduce human observer error inherent in manned aerial surveys. As UAV technologies and associated methodology is further developed and becomes more affordable, these aircraft will be increasingly adopted as a marine aerial survey tool in place of traditional methods using manned aircraft.
Ecological distribution of Penaeus schmitti (Dendrobranchiata: Penaeidae) juveniles and adults on the southern coast of São Paulo state, Brazil

ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the ecological distribution and the effects of environmental factor oscillation on the life cycle of Penaeus schmitti along the coastal area of Cananéia, southern São Paulo state, Brazil. Shrimp and environmental factors were sampled monthly from July 2012 to May 2014 at seven sampling stations covering both estuarine and marine environments, using a shrimp fishing boat. A total of 273 juveniles and 829 adults were sampled, and there were significant differences in body size (carapace length – CL) throughout the seasons (ANOVA). Smaller animals were observed in the summers of 2013 and 2014 and at sites closer to the coast, which are under estuarine influence. Adults were observed mostly in autumn and in deeper regions. We detected a positive relationship between the abundance of juveniles and the bottom water temperature and between the abundance of adults and the water salinity (canonical correspondence analysis). The presence of smaller individuals in the estuarine environment demonstrates the importance of the estuaries in this species’ ontogeny, mainly concerning their protection, since this environment has physical (depth) and physiological (salinity) barriers to their predators. Furthermore, we could clearly observe the plasticity of juveniles in relation to environmental factors. In contrast, adults were less tolerant to the variation in environmental factors, mainly water salinity, which was a limiting factor of their distribution. Seasonal differences in body size could be directly associated to this species’ life cycle and characterized by trophic and reproductive migratory activities between the estuarine and oceanic regions.
A comparison of upland stream invertebrates in moorland and coniferous woodland in North York Moors National Park, UK

Abstract Conversion of moorland to coniferous woodland is a common land use change in the high latitude uplands. Conifer woodlands are known to increase detrimental acidification in upland streams but can benefit some invertebrates by increasing allochthonous inputs. We aimed to identify the effects of conifer woodlands on benthic stream macroinvertebrate communities in North York Moors National Park, which has some of the most acidified streams in the United Kingdom. Benthic invertebrates from 8 moorland and 8 conifer woodland catchments were gathered using kick sampling in 2014. Taxonomic composition and diversity differed significantly in woodlands and moorlands, with woodland communities showing higher diversity and species characteristic of lower levels of stressors. Moorland and woodland communities did not differ in average acid sensitivity, and taxa were typical of close-to-neutral pH, matching spot pH measurements taken during sampling that were 2–3 pH units higher than in 2005. We conclude that conversion of moorland to coniferous woodland does not necessarily detrimentally affect upland stream invertebrate communities, and that those on the North York Moors are not always highly acid-tolerant, perhaps indicating biotic recovery from previous acidification.
Plants foraged by bees for honey production in northern India: The diverse flora of India and its implications for apiculture

Abstract The plants foraged by bees for honey production vary from place to place in the diverse flora of India. This paper reports a palynological study of honey from eight sites of agriculture and urbanisation in the Gangetic Plain of Uttar Pradesh (UP), and presents data from similar studies done in India. Pollen grains of 55 species were recorded in the honey from south-western, central and eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh, where Ageratum conyzoides, a noxious invasive weed, is a very dominant plant taxon. The second plant community used for foraging by honeybees consists of Syzygium cumini, Feronia limonia, Eucalyptus globulus, Prosopis spicigera, Prosopis juliflora, Brassica campestris, Pimpinella tomentosa, Xanthium strumarium, and Ziziphus sp. The third plant community foraged by honeybees includes diverse plant species such as Capparis sp. , Ficus sp. , Murraya koenigii, Aegle marmelos, and Tinospora cordifolia, as well as Caryophyllaceae and nectarless families. The last group of plants foraged by honeybees comprises ca 37 species sparsely present in the vicinity. If honeybees have access to their preferred plant species they rarely visit non-preferred species, but in the urban and rural agricultural areas where the vegetation is sparse they are forced to forage several other plants including invasive species. The quality and character of honey, whether multifloral, monofloral, or bifloral, largely indicates the changing pattern of vegetation in a particular area, and can furnish decadal to century-scale information about the vegetational changes induced by climate or anthropopression. Palynological data also shed light on medicinally important or allergenic pollen protein present in honey (valuable information for consumers) and the details about plant taxa foraged by honeybees can be used for branding and marketing particular types of honey.
Combining Ability Studies on Cucumber and Snapmelon Hybrids

Besides this, the seed of cucumber is also used in Ayurvedic preparations and raw fruits are being used for cosmetic purpose. Snap melon (Cucumis melo var. momordica) belongs to the family cucurbitaceae is used as a vegetable in variety of ways. Snap melon is rich in quality and now snapmelon juice is gaining popularity as squash. Knowledge of the nature and magnitude of variation promotes a rational choice of the characters in which selection can be exercised.
Molecular mode of action of Cry6Aa1, a new insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis toxin

Cry6Aa1 is a new toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which displays insecticidal activity against the Western corn rootworm (WCRW). The present work demonstrates that Cry6Aa1 is a pore-forming toxin (PFT) in planar lipid bilayers (PLBs). Contrary to other Bt toxins tested so far, pore formation by Cry6Aa1 does not require protease pretreatment and takes place at doses that are two to three orders of magnitude lower than those required for other Bt toxins under similar conditions. Pore formation by Cry6Aa1 is pH-dependent; the conductances of the pores range between 31 and 689 pS under symmetrical 150 mM KCl conditions; they are cationic and display a complex kinetic behaviour. The treatment of the toxin with midgut juice (Cry6Aa1 WCR1) does not change the biophysical properties of the pores. However, the treatment with trypsin (Cry6Aa1 TT) affects their conductance and selectivity at pH 5.5 (the WCRW gut physiological pH). The incorporation in PLBs of native membrane material from WCRW midgut affects the behaviour of the Cry6Aa1 pores. The molecular determinants of the mode of action of this new PFT appear therefore to differ from those reported before for other Bt toxins. The three-dimensional (3-D) atomic structure of Cry6Aa1 has just been elucidated. It shows that the toxin assumes an α-helix-rich configuration, which is quite similar to that of the ClyA PFT produced by E. coli. Based on the data available for ClyA, we have studied how different changes in the Nand C-terminal regions of Cry6Aa1 affect its pore formation ability in
The mitochondrial genomes of Atlas Geckos (Quedenfeldtia): mitogenome assembly from transcriptomes and anchored hybrid enrichment datasets

Abstract The nearly complete mitogenomes of the two species of North African Atlas geckos, Quedenfeldtia moerens and Q. trachyblepharus were assembled from anchored hybrid enrichment data and RNAseq data. Congruent assemblies were obtained for four samples included in both datasets. We recovered the 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and two rRNA genes for both species, including partial control region. The order of genes agrees with that of other geckos.
Indirect Effect of Insecticides Used in Pecan Orchards to Larvae of Chrysoperla rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Eight insecticides at two concentrations (low and high) were tested for toxicity to first, second, and third instars of Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister). Lindane (0.65 and 1.3 g actual insecticide AI/l), endosulfan (0.375 and 0.75 g AI/l), carbaryl (1.2 and 2.4 g AI/l), azinphos-methyl (1.0 and 2.0 g AI/l, malathion (0.9 and 1.8 g AI/l), methomyl (0.225 and 0.45 g AI/l), phosmet (0.375 and 0.75 g AI/l), and esfenvalerate (0.0.15 and 0.03 g AI/l) treated cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch) were fed to the lacewing larvae in the laboratory. Among tested insecticides, azinphos-methyl was the most toxic insecticide to larvae at the low and high rates and was classified as moderately harmful. Lindane and carbaryl were slightly harmful; endosulfan, malathion, methomyl, phosmet, and esfenvalerate were harmless. In most cases the first instar larvae were the most susceptible to the insecticides tested. Both rates caused similar mortality of C. rufilabris larvae after 48 h of feeding with the exception of azi.
Association of C-511 polymorphism of interleukin 1β gene with uterine adnexae inflammation in puberty age girls

1. Department of Family Medicine, Bukovinian State Medical University, Ukraine *[Email: lsydorchuk@ukr.net Tel: +380678784456] 2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with course of Juvenile Gynecology, Bukovinian State Medical University, Ukraine [Email: ekaterina4884@mail.ru] 3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with course of Juvenile Gynecology, Bukovinian State Medical University, Ukraine [Email: akusherstvo1@bsmu.edu. ua] 4. Department of Family Medicine, Bukovinian State Medical University, Ukraine [Email: andriys1@ukr.net] 5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with course of Juvenile Gynecology, Bukovinian State Medical University, Ukraine [Email: akusherstvo1@bsmu.edu. ua]
The Screening of Biomaterials to Support Long-term Growth and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells in Xeno- and Feeder-free System

Current feeder-free culture systems employing undefined Matrigel are still more effective in maintaining human embryonic stem (ES) cells than defined surfaces using extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. While the role of substrate stiffness in stem cell fate is becoming increasingly evident, all previous culture systems use ECM proteins on rigid polystyrene surfaces. Here, we used factorial designs to screen and evaluate combinations ECM proteins and substrate stiffness for their effect on short-term pluripotency and self-renewal. Using optimal conditions determined from our screening experiments, defined and near xeno-free culture systems maintained CA1 human ES cells for over 10 passages in Essential 8 (E8) medium. Under these conditions, we found that human ES cell self-renewal was greater on soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates than on rigid polystyrene dishes. The culture systems and screening tools developed in this project will help develop robust and defined xeno-free culture systems that incorporate both biochemical and biomechanical factors.
Glucose limitation in Lactococcus shapes a single-peaked fitness landscape exposing membrane occupancy as a constraint

A central theme in biology is to understand the molecular basis of fitness: which strategies succeed under which conditions; how are they mechanistically implemented; and which constraints shape trade-offs between alternative strategies. We approached these questions with parallel bacterial evolution experiments in chemostats. Chemostats provide a constant environment with a defined resource limitation (glucose), in which the growth rate can be controlled. Using Lactococcus lactis, we found a single mutation in a global regulator of carbon metabolism, CcpA, to confer predictable fitness improvements across multiple growth rates. In silico protein structural analysis complemented with biochemical and phenotypic assays, show that the mutation reprograms the CcpA regulon, specifically targeting transporters. This supports that membrane occupancy, rather than biosynthetic capacity, is the dominant constraint for the observed fitness enhancement. It also demonstrates that cells can modulate a pleiotropic regulator to work around limiting constraints.
In silico molecular analysis of novel L-specific dehalogenase from Rhizobium sp. RC1

Aims: This study presents the first structural model and proposed the identity of four important key amino acid residues, Asp13, Arg51, Ser131 and Asp207 for the stereospecific haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase from Rhizobium sp. RC1. Methodology and results: The enzyme was built using a homology modeling technique; the structure of crystallized LDEX YL from Pseudomonas sp. strain YL as a template. Model validation was performed using PROCHECK to generate the Ramachandran plot. The results showed 80.4% of its residues were located in the most favoured regions suggested that the model is acceptable. Molecular dynamics simulation of the model protein was performed in water for 10 nanoseconds in which Na+ was added to neutralize the negative charge and achieved energy minimization. The energy value and RMSD fluctuation of Ca backbone of the model were computed and confirmed the stability of the model protein. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: In silico or computationally based function prediction is important to complement with future empirical approaches. L-haloacid dehalogenase (DehL), previously isolated from Rhizobium sp. RC1 was known to degrade halogenated environmental pollutants. However, its structure and functions are still unknown. This structural information of DehL provides insights for future work in the rational design of stereospecific haloalkanoic acid dehalogenases.
Phytotoxicity of Chitosan and SiO2 Nanoparticles to Seed Germination of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Plants

Plants such as wheat and barley that are strategically important crops need to be considered to develop a comprehensive toxicity profile for nanoparticles (NPs). The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan and SiO 2 NPs on wheat and barley plants. Two factorial experiments (seeds priming and direct exposure) were performed based on a completely randomized design in four replications. Results showed that the seeds priming with the NPs had not significant effect on germination parameters such as Germination Percentage (GP), Germination Rate (GR), Germination Value (GV), Mean Germination Time (MGT), Pick Value (PV) and Mean Daily Germination (MDG). In contrast, exposure of the seeds to the NPs had significant effects on these parameters. In both experiments, treatments had significant effects on shoot, seedling, root length, fresh and dry weight, as well as vigor indexes as compared to the control. In most traits, the best concentration of NPs was 30 ppm, whereas applications of the NPs with 90 ppm displayed adverse effects on majority of the studied traits. According to these results, selectivity in applications of NPs with suitable concentration and method is essential for different plant species.
Die Retina im Rausch der Kanäle

Was wir sehen, wird nicht erst im Gehirn verarbeitet. Bereits in der Netzhaut sind zahlreiche verschiedene Zelltypen dafür verantwortlich, visuell Wahrgenommenes in seine Komponenten zu zerlegen und diese auf verschiedenen Kanälen an das Gehirn weiterzuleiten. Dabei spielen die sogenannten Bipolarzellen eine zentrale Rolle, denn sie verarbeiten die Reize aus den lichtempfindlichen Zellen des Auges als erstes. Ihre Arbeitsweise haben Tübinger Neurowissenschaftler nun in einer Studie detailliert untersucht, die im Fachmagazin Nature veröffentlicht wird, DOI: 10.1038/nature21394.
Effect of honey harvest on the activities of Melipona (Melikerria) fasciculata Smith, 1854 workers

The foraging behavior of stingless bees is related to the availability of resources and the needs of the colony. Stingless bees have preferences for specific resources to maintain the nest which can change in response to natural or anthropogenic environmental stresses such as the harvesting of honey. To understand their behavior after traditional honey harvest, six colonies of Melipona fasciculata were monitored during three different periods. Foraging standards and biometric parameters of the colonies were determined during the period before honey harvest (PI) and 5 and 35 d after the honey harvest (PII and PIII, respectively). The amount of foraging activity significantly increased after the harvest with the colonies preferring nectar for food and mud or resin for rebuilding the colony. During PIII, foraging activity re-stabilized with the workers being less active, similar to that in PI, and revealed a trade-off between required resources over a short period. Most of the foraging bees were classified as specialists, and this did not vary in response to the harvest. The colonies responded defensively to honey extraction, with more workers acting as guards after the harvest.
New record of Lophotus lacepede Giorna, 1809 and Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788) in the southeastern Adriatic Sea (Croatian coast)

Specimens of Lophotus lacepede Giorna, 1809 and Lampris guttatus (Brunnich, 1788) were collected in the south Adriatic Sea. L. lacepede was collected in Kupari (♀, TL=139 cm, BW=5.4 kg) on October, 2011 and L. guttatus was collected in Mali Ston Bay (♀, TL=88 cm, BW=20 kg) on January 2012. Both species are very rare in the Adriatic Sea.