Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Equation-of-state-independent relations in neutron stars

Neutron stars are extremely relativistic objects which abound in our universe and yet are poorly understood, due to the high uncertainty on how matter behaves in the extreme conditions which prevail in the stellar core. It has recently been pointed out that the moment of inertia I, the Love number lambda and the spin-induced quadrupole moment Q of an isolated neutron star, are related through functions which are practically independent of the equation of state. These surprising universal I-lambda-Q relations pave the way for a better understanding of neutron stars, most notably via gravitational-wave emission. Gravitational-wave observations will probe highly-dynamical binaries and it is important to understand whether the universality of the I-lambda-Q relations survives strong-field and finite-size effects. We apply a Post-Newtonian-Affine approach to model tidal deformations in compact binaries and show that the I-lambda relation depends on the inspiral frequency, but is insensitive to the equation of state. We provide a fit for the universal relation, which is valid up to a gravitational wave frequency of ~900 Hz and accurate to within a few percent. Our results strengthen the universality of I-lambda-Q relations, and are relevant for gravitational-wave observations with advanced ground-based interferometers. We also discuss the possibility of using the Love-compactness relation to measure the neutron-star radius with an uncertainty of about 10% or smaller from gravitational-wave observations.
A Leaky Pipe Dream? A Study of Gender Differences in Undergraduate Physics

Students face diverse pathways as they journey through undergraduate study. The analysis of student course records can untangle common patterns in course progression, and identify group trends in student outcomes. The current work examines the relationship between gender and undergraduate physics study, using course records from over nine thousand students who enrolled in physics at the University of Auckland, spanning a six year period. Physics students' demographic and course records were analyzed to find out whether there were gender differences in subject selection, course performance, and confidence. Subsequent to taking a first year physics course, female students were more likely to take further courses in life science subjects, while male students were more likely to take physical science subjects. In first year courses, gender differences were not present among highly academically prepared students, for whom school type (single-sex or coeducational) was a better predictor of course outcome. However, of those students who were less academically prepared in their first year, male students tended to outperform female students. Female students were also more likely to take an introductory physics course before an advancing course, compared to male students, after controlling for academic preparation. Science capital, a concept related to Pierre Bourdieu's notions of capital and habitus, was employed as an interpretive research framework. Habitus, the system of dispositions one uses to interpret the world, is largely influenced by the socio-cultural context in which an individual builds their identity. The following study explains how an interaction between science capital and an individual's habitus may lead to gender disparities in student outcomes in the field of physics.
Farmers’ perception of consumer information and adoption intention towards organic rice farming: Evidence from community enterprise in rural Thailand

Organic production has gained increased attention worldwide because of its sustainable way of producing food crops apart from its significant contribution to agricultural development. While some policies and programs encourage rice farmers to adopt organic farming, its uptake is far less than expected, particularly in the rural areas of Thailand. Hence, this study attempts to explain rice farmers’ adoption intention towards organic rice farming, drawing insights from the diffusion of innovations theory, and incorporating consumer information as an important alternative information source. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 201 community enterprise farmers using a purposive sampling technique. Results found that farmers have a generally high-level perception towards consumer information items. These items were further explored using binary logistic regression with the commonly used adoption factors. Results revealed that education level, seed input source, buying price, training attendance, and credit access significantly impacted farmers’ adoption intention. Although farmers have a generally high level of agreement towards consumer information, this factor does not affect their adoption. The findings provide critical insights to the community enterprise and policymakers to fully understand community enterprise farmers’ adoption motives and devise targeted strategies to promote widespread adoption of organic rice farming.
Impact of topography on in situ soil wetness measurements for regional landslide early warning – a case study from the Swiss Alpine Foreland

Abstract. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of in situ soil wetness measurements to predict regional shallow landslides. Increasing availability of monitoring data from sensor networks provides valuable information for developing future regional landslide early warning systems (LEWSs); however, most existing monitoring sites are located on flat terrain. The question arises of if the representativeness for regional landslide activity would improve if sensors were installed on a landslide-prone hillslope. To address this, two soil wetness monitoring stations were installed at close proximity on a steep slope and on a flat location in the Napf region (Northern Alpine Foreland of Switzerland), and measurements were conducted over a period of 3 years. As both sites inhibit similar lithological, vegetation, and precipitation characteristics, soil hydrological differences can be attributed to the impact of topography and hydrogeology. At the sloped site, conditions were generally wetter and less variable in time, and evidence was found for temporary lateral water transport along the slope. These differences were systematic and could be reduced by considering relative soil moisture changes. The application of a statistical landslide forecast model showed that both sites were equally able to distinguish critical from non-critical conditions for landslide triggering, which demonstrates the value of existing monitoring sites in flat areas for the application in LEWSs.
Linear viscoelastic dynamics in holography

We study the mechanical response under time-dependent sources of a simple class of holographic models that exhibit viscoelastic features. The ratio of viscosity over elastic modulus defines an intrinsic relaxation time scale -- the so-called Maxwell relaxation time $\tau_M$, which has been identified traditionally with the relaxation time scale. We compute explicitly the relaxation time in our examples and that it differs from $\tau_M$. At high temperatures $\tau_M$ over-estimates the actual relaxation time, although not by much and moreover it still captures reasonably well the temperature behaviour. At sufficiently low temperatures the situation is reversed: $\tau_M$ underestimates the actual relaxation time, in some cases quite drastically. Moreover, when $\tau_M$ under-estimates the real-time response exhibits an overshoot phenomenon before relaxation. We comment on the $T = 0$ limit, where the relaxation is power-law because our models exhibit criticality.
Health Related Quality of Life of Children with Cerebral Palsy among 3-12 Years Old

Introduction: Health-related Quality of Life (HRQOL)refers to a set of characteristics that may have an effect on health because they are related with an increased risk of chronic diseases related to low levels of physical activity. HRQOL is especially appropriate to conditions that are continuing and disabling such as cerebral palsy (CP). This study aims to determine the quality of life of children with cerebral palsy. Methods: Cross sectional prospective survey under a quantitative study design was conducted for six months. Data was collected from the outdoor and indoor Paediatric physiotherapy unit of the Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed (CRP), Bangladesh. 100 cerebral palsy children were taken as the sample based on eligibility criteria, LAQ-CP questionnaire was used to assesses the effect of disability in children with CP and their families. Results: From the analysis, found that cerebral palsy most commonly limits the schooling of the cerebral palsy child. Also, it limits the ability of mobility, physical independence, and social integration. Besides it causes economic and clinical burden for the family members of the child with CP. Overall, the QOL severely affected 40% (n=40) cerebral palsy children, moderately 29% (n=29), mildly 20%(n=20) children. Only 11% (n=11) was found with good QOL in this study. Conclusion: HRQOL is pointedly affected in most of the children suffering from cerebral palsy. Measurement of HRQOL should be include with other type of assessment, to specify the areas in which a patient is most suffering and help the expert in making suitable decisions for patient management. The present finding indicates that cerebral palsy has a negative impact on health status and quality of life of children with cerebral palsy, as reported by the respondent parent.
Multilevel feature context semantic fusion network for cloud and cloud shadow segmentation

Abstract. Cloud detection is an important prerequisite for remote sensing image application. Any remote sensing image from which the information of ground object could be obtained will inevitably be preprocessed on cloud occlusion. In the traditional method, the segmentation of cloud and its shadow will be affected by the complex background. In the detection process, due to insufficient information extraction, misjudgment often occurs, and the cloud boundary processing is also very rough. In order to improve the accuracy of cloud and cloud shadow segmentation, we propose a multilevel feature context semantic fusion network. The network takes the residual network as the backbone networkand adopts the structure of encoding and decoding as a whole. In the model, we introduce the multibranch residual context semantic module, the multiscale convolution subchannel attention module, and the feature fusion upsampling module to strengthen the feature extraction, refine the cloud and cloud shadow edge information, and enhance the actual segmentation ability of the model. The experimental results show that the proposed method is more accurate than the previous network in the segmentation of cloud and cloud shadow and has good generalization ability on other datasets, which is of great significance for the study of cloud.
The tilt of the velocity ellipsoid in the Milky Way disc

Accurate determination of the local dark matter density is important for understanding the nature and distribution of dark matter in the universe. This requires that the local velocity distribution is characterised correctly. Here, we present a kinematic study of 16,276 SDSS/SEGUE G-type dwarf stars in the solar neighbourhood, with which we determine the shape of the velocity ellipsoid in the meridional plane. We separate our G-dwarf stars based on their [Fe/H] and [ /Fe] abundances and estimate the best-fitting Milky Way model independently for each sub-sample using a maximum-likelihood method that accounts for possible contaminants. We show that the different subpopulations yield consistent results only when we allow the velocity ellipsoid in the disk to be tilted, demonstrating that the common assumption of decoupled radial and vertical motions in the disk is incorrect. Further, we the find that the tilt angle of the velocity ellipsoid increases with heightjzj from 5 2 at 0.5 kpc to 14 3 at 2.0 kpc, consistent with pointing toward the Galactic centre at an angle tan( )’ jzj=R. We also confirm earlier findings that the subpopulations behave almost isothermally both radially and vertically, about 39 (20) km s 1 for the chemically-young, metal-rich disk stars to about 60 km s 1 (48 km s 1 ) for the chemically-old, metal-poor disk stars. We conclude that the coupling between radial and vertical motion captured in the velocity ellipsoid tilt cannot be ignored when considering dynamical models of the solar neighbourhood. In a subsequent paper, we will develop a new modelling scheme informed by these results and make an improved determination of the local dark matter density.
Prevention of Bradycardia during Spinal Anesthesia under Dexmedetomidine Sedation in Older Adults

Older adults exhibit reduced physiological responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation and parasympathetic inhibition. This study aimed to investigate the effect of reducing the incidence of bradycardia in the atropine and ephedrine pretreatment group compared to the control group in older adults who received spinal anesthesia with intravenous dexmedetomidine. Overall, 102 older adults aged over 65 years were randomly divided into three groups, and saline (control group), atropine at 0.5 mg (atropine group), and ephedrine at 8 mg (ephedrine group) were administered intravenously to each group as pretreatment. Immediately after spinal anesthesia, dexmedetomidine loading and study drug injections were commenced. The primary outcome was the incidence of bradycardia (<50 beats per min) within 60 min following dexmedetomidine loading. The incidence of bradycardia requiring atropine treatment was significantly higher in the control group than in the atropine and ephedrine groups (27.3% vs. 6.1% and 8.8%, respectively; p = 0.035), and no difference was noted between the atropine and ephedrine groups. Therefore, if ephedrine or atropine is selected and used according to the patient’s condition and clinical situation, it may be helpful in preventing bradycardia during spinal anesthesia using dexmedetomidine in older patients.
TriAnd and its siblings: satellites of satellites in the Milky Way halo

We explore the Triangulum–Andromeda (TriAnd) overdensity in the SPLASH (Spectroscopic and Photometric Landscape of Andromeda's Stellar Halo) and SEGUE (the Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration) spectroscopic surveys. Milky Way main-sequence turn-off stars in the SPLASH survey reveal that the TriAnd overdensity and the recently discovered Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey (PAndAS) stream share a common heliocentric distance (D ∼ 20 kpc), position on the sky, and line-of-sight velocity (VGSR ∼ 50 km s−1). Similarly, A-type, giant, and main-sequence turn-off stars selected from the SEGUE survey in the vicinity of the Segue 2 satellite show that TriAnd is prevalent in these fields, with a velocity and distance similar to Segue 2. The coincidence of the PAndAS stream and Segue 2 satellite in positional and velocity space to TriAnd suggests that these substructures are all associated, and may be a fossil record of group-infall on to the Milky Way halo. In this scenario, the Segue 2 satellite and PAndAS stream are ‘satellites of satellites’, and the large, metal-rich TriAnd overdensity is the remains of the group central.
MMT/MMIRS spectroscopy of z = 1.3 - 2.4 extreme [O iii] emitters: implications for galaxies in the reionization era

Galaxies in the reionization era have been shown to have prominent [O iii] + H β emission. Little is known about the gas conditions and radiation field of this population, making it challenging to interpret the spectra emerging at z ≳ 6. Motivated by this shortcoming, we have initiated a large MMT spectroscopic survey identifying rest-frame optical emission lines in 227 intense [O iii] emitting galaxies at 1.3 < z < 2.4. This sample complements the MOSDEF and KBSS surveys, extending to much lower stellar masses ($10^7\! -\! 10^8 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$) and larger specific star formation rates (5–300 Gyr−1), providing a window on galaxies directly following a burst or recent upturn in star formation. The hydrogen ionizing production efficiency (ξion) is found to increase with the [O iii] equivalent width (EW), in a manner similar to that found in local galaxies. We describe how this relationship helps explain the anomalous success rate in identifying Ly α emission in z ≳ 7 galaxies with strong [O iii] + H β emission. We probe the impact of the intense radiation field on the ISM using O32 and Ne3O2, two ionization-sensitive indices. Both are found to scale with the [O iii] EW, revealing extreme ionization conditions not commonly seen in older and more massive galaxies. In the most intense line emitters, the indices have very large average values (O32 = 9.1, Ne3O2 = 0.5) that have been shown to be linked to ionizing photon escape. We discuss implications for the nature of galaxies most likely to have O32 values associated with significant LyC escape. Finally we consider the optimal strategy for JWST spectroscopic investigations of galaxies at z ≳ 10 where the strongest rest-frame optical lines are no longer visible with NIRSpec.
Multi-point Similarity of the Axisymmetric Turbulent Far Jet and its Implication for the POD

The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) is an experimental and theoretical tool used to investigate coherent structures in a turbulent flow. The goal is to decompose the actual random field (e.g. the velocity field) into orthogonal functions that can be treated mathematically. The resulting integral equation can be solved if the flow is either homogeneous or of finite extent. None of these solutions work in the streamwise direction of an axisymmetric jet, since the flow is neither homogeneous nor bounded in this direction. A few years ago it was shown theoretically that similarity solutions of the two-point Reynolds stress equations were possible, so that the POD could be applied in similarity coordinates and the complexity of the streamwise direction of the jet could be treated by transforming it to a homogeneous field in the similarity variables. In this work this theory is tested using two-point cross-correlation measurements with separations in the streamwise directions. The experimental demands associated with such measurements are very high because of the need to obtain the streamwise velocity correlations. This means that the measuring device located at the upstream point must not disturb the measurements at the downstream position. This hurdle has been overcome by using a combination of a laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) measuring the upstream point and a constant temperature anemometer sensor (CTA) measuring the downstream position. An experiment has been designed and set up that allows the investigation of the far turbulent axisymmetric jet. The jet properties were determined and the jet was shown to truly behave as a free jet in the investigated region. For the correlation measurements, the two measuring techniques were successfully combined and two-point correlations in the streamwise direction (along the centerline) were obtained that indeed show homogeneous behavior in similarity variables as proposed by theory. Furthermore, strong indications were found that it is possible to apply Taylor ́s Frozen Field Hypothesis to this highly turbulent flow.
Illiquidity and stock returns: the moderating role of investors' holding period in Central and Eastern European markets

PurposeThe positive illiquidity–return relationship (so-called liquidity premium) is a well-established pattern in international developed stock markets. The magnitude of liquidity premium should increase with market illiquidity. Existing studies, however, do not confirm this conjecture with regard to frontier markets. This may result from applying different approaches to the investors' holding period. The paper aims to identify the role of the holding period in shaping the illiquidity–return relationship in emerging and frontier stock markets, which are arguably considered illiquid.Design/methodology/approachThe authors utilise the data on stocks listed on fourteen exchanges in Central and Eastern Europe. The authors regress stock returns on liquidity measures variously transformed to reflect the clientele effect in a liquidity–return relationship.FindingsThe authors show that the investors' holding period moderates the illiquidity–return relationship in CEE markets and also show that the liquidity premium in these markets is statistically and economically relevant.Practical implicationsThe findings may be of great interest to investors, companies and regulators. Investors and companies should take liquidity into account when making decisions; regulators should employ liquidity-enhancing actions to decrease companies' cost of capital and expand firms' investment opportunities, which will improve growth perspectives for the entire economy.Originality/valueThese findings enrich the understanding of the role that the investors' holding period plays in the illiquidity–return relationship in CEE markets. To the best knowledge, this is the first study which investigates the effect of holding period on liquidity premium in emerging and frontier markets.
Optical observations of ‘hot’ novae returning to quiescence

We have monitored the return to quiescence of novae previously observed in outburst as supersoft X-ray sources, with optical photometry of the intermediate polar (IP) V4743 Sgr and candidate IP V2491 Cyg, and optical spectroscopy of these two and seven other systems. Our sample includes classical and recurrent novae, short period (few hours), intermediate period (1-2 days) and long period (symbiotic) binaries. The light curves of V4743 Sgr and V2491 Cyg present clear periodic modulations. For V4743 Sgr, the modulation occurs with the beat of the rotational and orbital periods. If the period measured for V2491 Cyg is also the beat of these two periods, the orbital one should be almost 17 hours. The recurrent nova T Pyx already shows fragmentation of the nebular shell less than 3 years after the outburst. While this nova still had strong [OIII] at this post-outburst epoch, these lines had already faded after 3 to 7 years in all the others. We did not find any difference in the ratio of equivalent widths of high ionization/excitation lines to that of the Hbeta line in novae with short and long orbital period, indicating that irradiation does not trigger high mass transfer rate from secondaries with small orbital separation. An important difference between the spectra of RS Oph and V3890 Sgr and those of many symbiotic persistent supersoft sources is the absence of forbidden coronal lines. With the X-rays turn-off, we interpret this as an indication that mass transfer in symbiotics recurrent novae is intermittent.