Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Across Yangtze River Regulated by Dam and River‐Lake Exchange

The boom in dam construction and continuous river‐lake exchange has had a profound impact on the transmission and transformation of riverine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). An in‐depth understanding of the change mechanisms of DIC concentrations and sources driven by dam operation and lake recharge is crucial for regulating greenhouse gas emissions and evaluating the impact of DIC on the global carbon cycle. This study investigated dam‐ and lakes‐driven DIC via the concentration and δ13C of DIC, combined with anions, cations, δD and δ18O in the main stream of the Yangtze River. DIC showed a decreasing trend from upper reach (2,262.31 ± 113.69 μmol kg−1) to lower reach (1,771.61 ± 89.36 μmol kg−1). Carbonate dissolution proportion (from 36.45% to 28.44%) and atmospheric CO2 proportion (from 37.51% to 22.94%) of DIC decreased from upper reach to lower reach, whereas soil CO2 proportion of DIC (from 26.01% to 48.63%) increased. The control of dam operation on DIC biogeochemical process was revealed from different time scales. From the perspective of short‐term seasonal changes (from 2020 to 2021), the mineralization of organic matter in the dry season strengthened CO2 degassing and calcite precipitation, reducing the DIC and increasing the proportion of soil CO2. Meanwhile, longer periods of runoff retention provided sufficient time for water–rock reactions in the wet season and increased the DIC and carbonate dissolution source in the reservoir area. On a long‐term scale (from 2009 to 2021), a decrease in pH driven by sediment mineralization contributed to an annual increase in DIC in the reservoir. The flow of lakes mixed into the mainstream was revealed by the enrichment of δ18O, and river‐communicating recharge decreased the DIC and carbonate dissolution source. We show that dam operation and lake inflow change DIC concentrations and sources and therefore need to be considered in the transmission and transformation processes of DIC in the river‐ocean continuum.
Sea cucumbers and other echinoderms at Geyser Bank, Mayotte (Indian Ocean)

As part of a biodiversity study designed to monitor changes in fisheries resources,4 we collected echinoderm samples, particularly Holothuridae, from Geyser Bank in Mayotte (Fig. 1). This sampling was the first inventory taken at this bank and little scientific information existed about sea cucumber biodiversity and exploitation in this region (e.g. for Mayotte: Pouget 2004, 2005; Conand et al. 2005; for the Comoros: Samyn et al. 2005). Data on sea cucumbers from Reunion Island (Conand and Mangion 2002) and crown-of-thorns starfish (Emeras et al. 2004) may also be useful. The biodiversity of other echinoderms from the islands in the Mozambique Canal zone is also poorly known and concerns the Glorioso Island reef flats (Vergonzanne 1977).
Farming on the treadmill : agricultural change and pesticide pollution

The thesis examines the pollution of water by pesticides in Britain, an issue of public and political concern since the late 1980s as the results of extensive water monitoring, required under the EC's Drinking Water Directive have highlighted the spread and levels of contamination. The study explores the co-evolution of post-war agricultural policy and pesticide usage and examines how pesticide pollution of water has been constructed as a 'problem' and how this has been contested by different groups. Survey material from the Bedford Ouse catchment in Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire is used to explain how farmers use pesticides, for what reasons, and with what understandings of the pollution risks their use brings. The questions to be addressed are: i) why, since the Second World War, have pesticides become such an important element of farming practice in Britain ? ii) how do farmers decide which chemicals to use and how to use them ? iii) how has pesticide pollution of water emerged as a 'problem' ? and iv) what are the implications for farming practices of regulations to tackle pesticide pollution ? Pollution is conceptualised as the outcome of a pollution production process' involving a network of actors, including farmers, advisors, scientists, pesticide manufacturers and regulatory agencies. Through an examination of farmers' actions in this context the thesis shows that, far from being the result of some natural technological progression, the increasing dependence upon pesticide technologies has been shaped and determined by broader social and political factors. The first part of the thesis explores the historical context for pesticide use in Britain, concentrating on the roles of agricultural policy and science and technology. In the second part, the actions of arable farmers are assessed through locally-based fieldwork conducted in 1991 in the catchment of the Bedford Ouse.
A Comparative Study of Different Objectives Functions for the Minimal Fuel Drive Cycle Optimization in Autonomous Vehicles

With the advent of self-driving autonomous vehicles, vehicle controllers are free to drive their own velocities. This feature can be exploited to drive an optimal velocity trajectory that minimizes fuel consumption. Two typical approaches to drive cycle optimization are velocity smoothing and tractive energy minimization. The former reduces accelerations and decelerations, and hence, it does not require information of vehicle parameters and resistance forces. On the other hand, the latter reduces tractive energy demand at the wheels of a vehicle. In this work, utilizing an experimentally validated full vehicle simulation software, we show that for conventional gasoline vehicles the lower energy velocity trajectory can consume as much fuel as the velocity smoothing case. This implies that the easily implementable, vehicle agnostic velocity smoothing optimization can be used for velocity optimization rather than the nonlinear tractive energy minimization, which results in a pulse-and-glide trajectory.
Assessing the Direct Effects of Streamflow on Recreation

: A variety of methods have been used to learn about the relation between streamfiow and recreation quality. Regardless of method, nearly all studies found a similar nonlinear relation of recreation to flow, with quality increasing with flow to a point, and then decreasing for further increases in flow. Points of minimum, optimum, and maximum flow differ across rivers and activities. Knowledge of the effects of streamflow on recreation, for the variety of relevant activities and skill levels, is an important ingredient in the determination of wise streamflow policies.
ASSESSING THE SAFETY IMPACTS OF ACTIVE NIGHT WORK ZONES IN TEXAS

Researchers present a summary of the extent and type of nighttime work zone activity that currently occurs in Texas; an analysis of Department of Public Safety crash data to assess the ramifications of night work on crash experiences; and an assessment of differences in operational characteristics of traffic at nighttime and daytime work zones. Researchers found that the amount of active night work occurring in the districts correlates well with the overall traffic demands (expressed as total vehicle-miles-traveled per lane-mile of responsibility) in the district. Once district-wide demands reach 2000 vehicle-miles-traveled per lane-mile, active night work begins to take on a greater role in the district. However, researchers did not find a significantly greater propensity for night work zone crashes or for more severe nighttime crashes in those districts with significant amounts of night work. Researchers did find that crashes on nights with work activity were slightly more frequent, in general, than those during nights of inactivity or during daytime periods. Projects that were believed to have experienced significant levels of traffic queuing at night when lane closures were instituted appeared to experience the greatest increase in crashes. Additional analysis and findings are also presented in the report.
Effect of Implementing Acupressure on Qualiy of Sleep among patients with Breast Cancer

Background : An important fitness issue that affects people of all racial and ethnic backgrounds is sleep disturbance. Cancer patients may experience sleep disturbances due to a variety of factors, including cancer treatment-related metabolic abnormalities. Sleep difficulties, such as difficulty getting asleep, difficulty staying asleep, poor sleep efficiency, early awakenings, and excessive daytime sleepiness are common in cancer patients. Aim of study : Evaluate the effect of implementing acupressure on quality of sleep among patients with breast cancer. Subjects and method : Design: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized in this study. Setting: The study was applied in Oncology Department at Mansoura University Hospitals. Subjects: A purposive sample of 60 adult females' patients with breast cancer. Tool of data collection: The data collected using the following tools: Structured interview and Sleep Scale. The results : The study found that once acupressure was applied, there was an improvement in the quality of sleep for the study pattern rather than the control group (p value =. 0.001). Conclusion: This study found that using acupressure improve sleep quality inpatients with breast cancer. Recommendations: Encourage cancer treatment facilities to use acupressure as a therapeutic option to enhance sleep quality. In order to generalize the findings, additional studies with a high sample size are also required.
Hydrogeologic evaluation and numerical simulation of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, Nevada and California

Yucca Mountain is being studied as a potential site for a high-level radioactive waste repository. In cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. Geological Survey is evaluating the geologic and hydrologic characteristics of the ground-water system. The study area covers approximately 100,000 square kilometers between lat 35{degrees}N. , long 115{degrees}W and lat 38{degrees}N. , long 118{degrees}W and encompasses the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system. Hydrology in the region is a result of both the and climatic conditions and the complex described as dominated by interbasinal flow and may be conceptualized as having two main components: a series of relatively shallow and localized flow paths that are superimposed on deeper regional flow paths. A significant component of the regional ground-water flow is through a thick Paleozoic carbonate rock sequence. Throughout the regional flow system, ground-water flow is probably controlled by extensive and prevalent structural features that result from regional faulting and fracturing. Hydrogeologic investigations over a large and hydrogeologically complex area impose severe demands on data management. This study utilized geographic information systems and geoscientific information systems to develop, store, manipulate, and analyze regional hydrogeologic data sets describing various components of the ground-water flow system.
Push and pull factors of international migration: a comparative report.

This comparative study reports the results of a study on the push and pull factors that determine international migration flows. It aims to provide information on the direct and indirect causes and mechanisms of international migration from Turkey Morocco Egypt Senegal and Ghana to the European Union. Specialized migration surveys were conducted to capture individual household and contextual factors that influence peoples decisions to move or stay. The surveys carried out in the sending countries included a comparison group of non-migrant households. From the migrants point of view aiming to improve the conditions of life for themselves and for their families is a powerful motivation for migration. Unemployment also seems to be a factor influencing migration. Other events such as war and civil conflict may generate mass refugee migration from the country concerned. Furthermore for male migrants economic motives dominate while for female migrants family-related reasons are more important. On the other hand family ties are a relevant factor for return but in practice it seems less important than they are in the minds of those who intend to return. Moreover most people prefer to move to a certain country for economic reasons but when it comes to the actual move family-related reasons determine the choice of country.
Psychosocial Reactions and Coping Patterns among Frontline Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Study

Background: Front-line nurses who provide care for COVID-19 patients have several psychosocial reactions, especially at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. These reactions threaten their health, well-being, and ability to work as well as put them at an increased risk of developing negative coping patterns. The study aimed at exploring front-line nurses‟ psychosocial reactions and their coping patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study design: Qualitative research was conducted in a sample of 18 nurses who worked at the isolated wards of Al Obour Specialized Hospital, affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospitals. The results of this study revealed that the psychosocial reactions among studied nurses were described into 10 themes as follows: Fear of being infected, feeling uncertainty about the virus, anxiety related to lack of preparation, the feeling of inequality, the feeling of hopelessness and helplessness, concerns about the family, societal stigma, and rejection, feeling of loss and grief, loneliness and social isolation, and physical exhaustion. The study also revealed that although the studied nurses had psychosocial suffering, they have 5 ways of positive coping as follows: in-service education and training, communicating with family and friends, practicing recreation activities, writing diaries, and practicing spirituality and religious activities. Conclusion: Although frontline nurses suffered from several psychosocial problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, they have positive abilities to cope with their negative emotional stress. Recommendation: Providing support and psychological counseling programs for frontline nurses, especially in times of crisis, should be a part of hospital policy
Comparison of intensive care unit liberation bundle adherence prior to and during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A retrospective cohort study

The intensive care unit (ICU) liberation (A–F) bundle is recommended by the Society of Critical Care Medicine guidelines as standard supportive care. Significant deviations were made to providing bundled care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The objective of the study is to describe how COVID‐19 affected bundle adherence at a single academic medical center. This is a retrospective cohort study of adult medical ICU patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) for at least 48 h and an ICU stay of at least 7 days. Patients were separated into three cohorts based on ICU admission date and COVID‐19 status from April 2019 to March 2021; pre‐pandemic (pre‐COV), pandemic COVID‐19 negative (COV‐neg), and pandemic COVID‐19 positive (COV‐pos). Primary outcomes were median average daily bundle adherence over 7 days and daily complete bundle adherence. Secondary outcomes were individual bundle component adherence rates and patient outcomes. A total of 67 patients were included. Median average daily bundle adherence (pre‐COV 68.6% vs. COV‐neg 51.4% vs. COV‐pos 32.6%; p < 0.001), median number of days with complete adherence (pre‐COV 1 [interquartile range (IQR) 0–1] vs. COV‐neg 0 [IQR 0–0] vs. COV‐pos 0 [IQR 0–0]; p < 0.001), and percentage of patients with any day of complete bundle adherence (pre‐COV 78.6% vs. COV‐neg 14.3% vs. COV‐pos 7.1%) were different among groups and individual bundle component adherence varied. Also, median duration of MV (pre‐COV: 6.3 days [IQR 5.6–9], COV‐neg: 8.9 days [IQR 7.6–14], COV‐pos: 11.6 days [IQR 8.4–21], p = 0.01) and median days alive and free from MV up to Day 30 (pre‐COV: 23 [IQR 21–24], COV‐neg: 20 [IQR 15–22], COV‐pos: 18 [IQR 7–21], p = 0.015) were significantly different between groups. ICU A–F bundle adherence was significantly reduced during the COVID‐19 pandemic in patients with and without COVID‐19 infection.
Die organische Chemie in ihrer Anwendung auf Agricultur und Physiologie

Justus Liebig, vr. der Medizin und Philosophie, Professor der Chemie an der Ludwias-Uuiversität zu Gießen, Ritter des Großhcrzoglich Hessischen Ludwigsordcns und Ehrenbürger der Stadt Gießen, auswärtige« Mitglied der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Stockholm, der lt«xi»> »cienee, Ehrenmitglied der Königlichen Akademie zu Dublin, correspondirendeS Mitglied der Königliche» Akademien der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, München und St, Petersburg, des Königlichen Institutes zu Amsterdam, der Königlichen Societät der Wissenschaften zu Göttingcn, der naturforschenden Gesellschaft ju Heidelberg ic. ic. ie.
Toxicity of bitumen on soil fertility bacteria - Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas from Tekulu Waterside, Rivers State, Nigeria

Toxicity of bitumen on Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter from Tekulu Waterside, Bodo in Gokana Local government area of Ogoni, Rivers State, Nigeria was carried out using standard analytical procedures. The density, API and flash point of the bitumen used in this study at 15°C was 0.9898 g/cm3, API at 60°F value of 11.46 and >200°C respectively. The total TPH and PAH constituent of the bitumen was 20,549.77 mg/L and 924.09 mg/L respectively. Analysis of the effect of different concentration (50 mg/L, 250 mg/L, 500 mg/L, 750 mg/L and 1000 mg/L) of bitumen on Nitrosomonas sp. over a period (24hrs, 48hrs. 72hrs and 96hrs) revealed that the mortality of the organism increased as the concentration of the toxicant. The mortality was also affected by the duration of exposure. The probit analysis on the lethal concentration (LC10, LC20 and LC50) of the bitumen on Nitrosomonas sp. was 223.32 mg/L, 369.682 mg/L and 969.622 mg/L respectively and Nitrobacter sp. 587.837 mg/L, 765.74 mg/L and 1269.841 mg/L respectively, when exposed for 96 hours revealed a varying mortality status. The LC50 of the bitumen on Nitrosomonas sp. peaked at 48hrs. The study shows that bitumen was more toxic to Nitrosomonas than Nitrobacter sp. based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that test organisms (Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrobacter sp.) could serve as a potential tool for eco-toxicological assay and pollution biomarker.
Contribution of Terminalia catappa l. to the survival of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Bujumbura City, Burundi

The research aimed at showing the contribution of Terminalia catappa to the survival of B. dorsalis. Through fruit incubation, the study was done in Bujumbura city from June to September 2017. Individuals were collected from fruits infested by flies. Fruits were collected in neighborhoods according to the population and fruit trees density. Results show that T. catappa was infested by two species B. dorsalis and C. cosyra with very low numbers. B. dorsalis was abundant in the neighborhoods with low population density and high number of fruit trees. The latter have higher infestation rates than those with high population density and few number of fruit trees. This study showed that T. catappa contributes significantly to the survival of populations of B. dorsalis in Bujumbura city as the latter uses its fruits as host especially in the dry season. T. catappa can be considered an alternative host plant for B. dorsalis used in the absence of its preferred host plants. Practical implications of this research is the use of orchard sanitation for eradicating B. dorsalis.
Thermo‐Kinematic Constraints on Restoration of the Eastern Sichuan Fold‐And‐Thrust Belt, South China

Kinematic restoration of the eastern Sichuan fold‐and‐thrust belt (ESFTB) in South China is calibrated with a new thermo‐kinematic model combining analog models, discrete element method, and thermochronology data. Thermo‐kinematic analysis provides constraints on the onset, rate, and lateral variation of deformation and exhumation. Results show that the ESFTB experienced a northwestward thrusting and periodic exhumation. Its evolution was characterized by five major stages based on the deformation characteristics; (a) Shortening above a basal decollement and formation of large imbricates separated by narrow synclines during 170–130 Ma; (b) Transition stage during 130–100 Ma; (c) Stepping up of deformation to shallow decollement levels and shaping of the thick‐skinned domain during 100–70 Ma; (d) Shaping of the thin‐skinned domain during 70–20 Ma; and (e) Continuous exhumation and structural modification from 20 Ma to present. The changes in the exhumation rate have been tectonic responses to the subduction retreat of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate and the eastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau. The westward subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate resulted in northwestward shortening across South China, progressive deformation of the ESFTB, and rapid exhumation from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous. The crustal extension associated with the rollback of the Paleo‐Pacific slab accounted for the Mesozoic exhumation rate decrease until the Miocene. The accelerated cooling of the thin‐skinned domain of the ESFTB since the Miocene was a response to the eastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau, while the continuous slow exhumation in the thick‐skinned domain was related to the continuous crustal extension in South China.
Water salinity and initial development of four guava (Psidium guajava L.) cultivars in north-eastern Brazil

The North-eastern part of Brazil has problems with high salt content in water and soil. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of irrigation water salinity on seedling emergence and initial development of four guava cultivars (Psidium guajava L.): 'Pentecoste', 'Paluma', 'Surubim' and 'IPA B-38'. This was done in a completely randomized design with irrigation water having five electrical conductivity (EC w ) levels: 0.5; 1.5; 3.0; 4.5 and 6.0 dS m -1 . Salinity considerably inhibited the seedling emergence, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry mass content roots (RDM), stems (SDM) and leaves (LDM) in all cultivars tested. After emergence, all plants irrigated with water with EC w higher than 4.5 dS m -1 , died. The dry mass content was highest in leaves, followed by roots and stems. Guava is more sensitive to salt during seedling formation. Seedlings irrigated with EC w above 1.5 dS m -1 do not form plants of quality suitable for planting.
Correlation between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of metagenomics evidence

A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. As a contributing factor, microbiota dysbiosis always occurs in pathological changes of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. High-throughput sequencing technology has helped to reveal that the bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system is facilitated by the microbiota’s diverse microorganisms, and for both neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems. Here, we summarize the bioinformatics analysis and wet-biology validation for the gut metagenomics in neurodegenerative diseases, with an emphasis on multi-omics studies and the gut virome. The pathogen-associated signaling biomarkers for identifying brain disorders and potential therapeutic targets are also elucidated. Finally, we discuss the role of diet, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics and exercise interventions in remodeling the microbiome and reducing the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases.