Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitude towards Antibiotic Use, Prevalence and Associated Factorsfor Non-Adherence among Adult Outpatients in Public Health Facilities in EdoState, Nigeria

Background: The observed poor prognosis in several infectious disease treatment emerging from antibiotic resistance has been attributed to failure to achieve optimum drug concentrations in vivo as a result of non-adherence to prescribed antibiotic therapy. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of non-adherence and associated factors in Nigeria. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, 800 consenting attendees at adult general outpatient clinics of 5 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Edo central senatorial district, Edo State, Nigeria were interviewed using pretested questionnaires following ethical approval to conduct the study. Independent variables were socio-demographic, knowledge (good/fair/poor), attitude (positive/negative), perceived doctor's support and perceived family support. The dependent variable was non-adherence to antibiotic treatment in the past 6 months. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Chi-square test was used for bivariate analysis and significant variables analyzed with multivariate logistic regression, with statistical significance, p, set as<0.05. Results: Response rate was 100%. Majority, 360 (45.0%), had poor knowledge and 74 (50.3%) had poor attitude towards antibiotics use. One hundred and forty-seven respondents (18.4%) had received an antibiotic prescription in the last 4 months, of which 75 (51.0%) did not complete the dose, with the most common reason given as remission of symptoms (65.3%). In multivariate analysis, attitude, perceived support from doctor and family members were negatively associated with non-adherence. Conclusion: Interventions to improve antibiotic adherence should be centred around education. clinician-patient interactions and fostering family support for the sick patient.
Clinical comparative study of post-operative sensitivity between giomer, Nano hybrid composite, Compomer and RMGIC

Objective: The aim of this clinical study is to evaluate the postoperative sensitivity in class I restorations when restored with either Nano hybrid composite, Giomer, Compomer or RMGIC. Materials and Methods: The sample of study consisted of 15 patients; each one has four molars at least with type I caries. The patients were divided into four groups: Group A includes molars restored with Composite, Group B: molars restored with Giomer, Group C: molars restored with Compomer, and Group D: molars restored with RMGIC, no matter that they are maxillary and mandibular molars. Class I cavity was prepared with specific dimensions on the occlusal surface only. The cavities in Group A were restored with Nano hybrid composite (Tetric Evo Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Ellwangen, Germany) while those in Group B were restored with Giomer (Beautifil II, Shofu, Japan), the cavities in Group C were restored with Compomer (Ivoclar) whereas those in Group D were restored with RMGIC (FUJI II LC,GC). Post-operative sensitivity has been evaluated during different follow-up periods: 3 days, 7 days, 3 weeks and 7 weeks, using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: No statistical difference was observed between Beautifil II, Tetric Evo Ceram, Compomer and RMGIC restorations in terms of post-operative sensitivity during the follow-up periods.
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase from embryonic axes of germinating chick-pea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds: cellular immunolocalization and alterations in its expression by indole-3-acetic acid, abscisic acid and spermine

Abstract A recombinant protein (approximately 38 kDa by SDS/PAGE), induced by expression in Escherichia coli of a cDNA encoding a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO) isolated from embryonic axes of Cicer arietinum, was recognized by an antibody raised against an apple ACO. A monoclonal antibody, obtained from recombinant ACO of chick-peas, was used for immunolocalization experiments in the embryonic axes of chick-pea seeds. The results indicate that most of the ACO was present in the apoplast of the cell wall. No evidence of this protein in the vacuole was detected. During germination of C. arietinum seeds, the production of ethylene was induced in the embryonic axis; its highest value was reached when radicle emergence occurred. At this moment there was an accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), transcription of ACO mRNA, as well as maximal ACO activity. In the post-germinative period the activity of the last step of ethylene biosynthesis decreased. This decrease was eliminated by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which caused significant transcription of ACO mRNA. It is suggested that gene expression of ACO may be induced by auxins and spermine (Spm) and inhibited by abscisic acid (ABA).
EFFECTS OF SOLE AND MIXED CULTURE OF WHEAT CROP AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATION ON THE SOLUBILITY OF PHOSPHORUS IN THE SOIL

Farmers face a challenging task to harvest yield potential of crops as well as improving fertilizer use-efficiency under their limited farm resources. Among the macronutrients, the relative efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer is very low in alkaline-calcareous soils under arid and semi-arid environments. Therefore, a field study was undertaken to quantify the interactive effects of wheat varieties and phosphorous fertilization on grain yield and solubility of phosphorous nutrient in the rhizosphere. The treatments consisted of (a) two wheat varieties (Sehr-2006, Shafaq-2006, mixed culture) and (b) three phosphorus levels (0, 45, 85 kg P2O5 per hectare) were arranged in randomized complete block design and replicated four times. The results showed that biological grain yield and 1000-grain weight of wheat increased by 8.7%, 14.46% and 8.48% under mixed culture of varieties sehr-2006 and shafaq-2006, respectively over the solely grown varieties. The application of phosphorus @ 85 kg P2O5 ha resulted in increased quantity of total biological yield, grain yield and 1000-grain weight compared to unfertilized crop. The uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus contents were substantially enhanced under mixed culture cropping pattern over sole wheat cultivars. The availability of phosphorus was increased by19.70% under mixed cropping over sole culture. It is inferred from the study that mixed cropping produced synergetic effects on the availability of nutrients in the rhizosphere, and thereby resulted in the higher production of wheat crop.
Fertilizer Agronomic Efficiency of KCl and Polyhalite Combinations in Black Pepper Cultivation in Central Highlands

Acid soils significantly challenge the rapidly growing production of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in Vietnam. The perennial vines suffer from malnutrition, which gradually leads to plant deterioration, susceptibility to various diseases, and a consequent reduction in yield and quality. While farmers already practice frequent fertilizer application, different types of fertilizers are required to further improve nutrient availability and to broaden nutrient range in the soil. Polyhalite is a natural mineral consisting of potassium oxide (K2O), sulfur trioxide (SO3), magnesium oxide (MgO), and calcium oxide (CaO) at 14, 48, 6, and 17%, respectively, Research Findings and has potential as a prolonged-release multi-nutrient fertilizer. For this study, polyhalite was examined in combination with potassium chloride (KCl), in equal proportions, to provide doses of 120, 240, and 360 kg K2O ha –1 yr–1, split into six applications during the year. These treatments were compared to doses of zero Photo 1. Observation of black pepper plant growth. Photo by the authors. Fertilizer Agronomic Efficiency of KCl and Polyhalite Combinations in Black Pepper Cultivation in Central Highlands, Vietnam (2016-2018) Tien, T.M. (1)*, T.T.M. Thu(1), H.C. Truc(2), and T.C. Tu(2) (1)Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute, Duc Thang, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam (2)Central Highland Soils and Fertilizers Research Centre, Hoa Thang, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak, Vietnam *Corresponding author: tranminhtien74@yahoo.com e-ifc No. 60, June 2020 13/40 (control), 120, and 270 (farmers’ practice) kg K2O ha –1 applied solely as KCl. The present study demonstrates the pivotal role of potassium (K) application in black pepper production on acid soils. Splitting the K dose into bimonthly applications brought leaf K contents to the optimal range. Polyhalite application can partially replace KCl as the K source and, furthermore, polyhalite provides the crop with other essential nutrients such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S). The supplemental nutrients strengthened the black pepper vines against mealybug attacks, supported better crop performance, and significantly improved yield and produce quality, which resulted in higher profits. The combination of 120/120 kg K2O ha –1 of KCl/polyhalite, respectively, gave rise to the best crop performance and to the highest yield, produce quality, and profit.
ON THE ASSOCIATION OF LIDAR POINT CLOUDS AND TEXTURED MESHES FOR MULTI-MODAL SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION

Abstract. The semantic segmentation of the huge amount of acquired 3D data has become an important task in recent years. We propose a novel association mechanism that enables information transfer between two 3D representations: point clouds and meshes. The association mechanism can be used in a two-fold manner: (i) feature transfer to stabilize semantic segmentation of one representation with features from the other representation and (ii) label transfer to achieve the semantic annotation of both representations. We claim that point clouds are an intermediate product whereas meshes are a final user product that jointly provides geometrical and textural information. For this reason, we opt for semantic mesh segmentation in the first place. We apply an off-the-shelf PointNet++ to a textured urban triangle mesh as generated from LiDAR and oblique imagery. For each face within a mesh, a feature vector is computed and optionally extended by inherent LiDAR features as provided by the sensor (e.g. intensity). The feature vector extension is accomplished with the proposed association mechanism. By these means, we leverage inherent features from both data representations for the semantic mesh segmentation (multi-modality). We achieve an overall accuracy of 86:40% on the face-level on a dedicated test mesh. Neglecting LiDAR-inherent features in the per-face feature vectors decreases mean intersection over union by ∼2%. Leveraging our association mechanism, we transfer predicted mesh labels to the LiDAR point cloud at a stroke. To this end, we semantically segment the point cloud by implicit usage of geometric and textural mesh features. The semantic point cloud segmentation achieves an overall accuracy close to 84% on the point-level for both feature vector compositions.
Did Cavemen Boil Their Food? A Remote Sensing Based Evidence of Hydrothermal Landscape of Prehistoric Mongoloid Pawon Man 9.5 ka Occupancy at Pawon Cave of West Java

Introduction How our ancient ancestors live is very interesting study areas. Recently, there were growing studies regarding the activities of the caveman including how they process their foods. A comprehensive study about how the caveman using heat sources to process their food can be seen by study by Henry (2017). The most common heat sources were coming by burning some materials. The uses of heat sources in food processing among hominins have been recorded as late as the Middle Paleolithic. During that time, Neanderthals have started maintained fires though were not able to manufacture them (Sandgathe et al. 2011). Most of the caveman studies on how they were using heat sources were conducted outside Asia. In Africa, from 1.0 to 1.6 million year ago (Ma), there were evidences ranging from burned lithics in Koobi Fora, Kenya (Clark & Harris 1985) to burned bones in Wonderwerk, South Africa (Berna et al. 2012). In Europe, the evidences included charcoal, burned hearth, and bones excavated from England, France, Germany Hungary, Italy, and Spain (Roebroeks & Villa 2011, Preece et al. 2006). In Asia, the caveman cooking studies were limited to southwest parts of Asia with evidences of charcoal, burned seeds, and bones (Albert et al. 1999, Alperson-Afil & Goren-Inbar 2010, Shahack-Gross et al. 2014, Shahack-Gross et al. 1997). Most of those studies were only presenting the sources of heat were from burning some materials. Likewise, none of those studies were discussing about the use of boiled water to process food. Java island is one of the locations where hominins were found ranging from Pithecanthropus (Simanjuntak 2001, Widianto 2006), Homo erectus (Alink et al. 2016) to Pawon man (Nurani & Murti Abstract Relationship between caveman prehistoric life in terms of heat induced food processing and its geological ecosystems have received many attentions. Previous studies have investigated the sources of heat included using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and biomarker approaches. Here this study proposes the use of remote sensing to identify the relationship of 9500 year old (9.5 ka) prehistoric mongoloid occupancy with hydrothermal manifestations at Pawon cave of West Java. The hydrothermal manifestations around Pawon cave were identified using Landsat 8 band combinations, land surface temperature, and sedimentary lithology. The results showed the hydrothermal manifestations surrounding Pawon cave were within a distance of 0.5-2 km. The results also showed bones representing 12 animal taxon groups with high abundance of rodents. To conclude this study sheds the light of proximity and preferences of mongoloid prehistoric occupancy towards hydrothermal landscape due to its advantage as heat sources for food processing purposes.
The Driving Force and Progressive Mechanisms of Evolution Deduced from Thermodynamics

Studies on evolution have made significant progress in multiple disciplines, but evolutionary theories remain scattered and controversial. Here we deduce that, thermodynamically, many carbon-based entities (CBEs) on the Earth tend to absorb energy from widespread relatively temperate heat streams on the Earth flowing from the solar, geothermal, and other energy sources, to form higher-hierarchy CBEs (HHCBEs). This has been the driving force of evolution leading to accumulation of HHCBEs for billions of years. We further deduce three progressive mechanisms of evolution including natural selection from the driving force. We hence establish the CBE evolutionary theory (CBEET) which reinterprets the major aspects of evolution in a comprehensive and comprehensible way. The CBEET provides novel explanations for natural selection, origin of life (abiogenesis), macroevolution, sympatric speciation, and evolutionary tempos. It suggests that evolution is driven hierarchy-wise by thermodynamics and favors fitness and diversity. It elucidates that altruism, collaboration, and obeying rules with balanced freedom are important throughout the CBE evolution which includes chemical evolution, biological evolution, and animal group evolution. The CBEET refutes several erroneous views including negative entropy and survival of the fittest. It integrates with research advances in multiple disciplines and links up laws of physics, evolution in biology, and harmonious development of human society.
ROLE OF LAWYERS IN FOREIGN BUSINESS DISPUTING IN KAZAKHSTAN CMICAT

The scholarship on business disputes settlement in non-democracies while emphasizing the importance of lawyers cannot explain why and how they shape the businesses disputing behavior. I argue that lawyers’ case choices influence the business dispute settlement choices. Lawyers in non-democracies appear to be very important intermediaries for foreign businesses due to their informer role and dispute resolution services providing. Lawyers inform foreign businesses about the contextual peculiarities of business disputing in Kazakhstan, such as the importance of political actors. Using various data sources like legal documents, media stories, interview with lawyers and composing dataset of foreign businesses disputes against Kazakhstan, I find that when the political actors are parties to the dispute lawyers are unlikely to take the case and advise foreign businesses to settle the dispute in foreign arbitration tribunals, if that condition is supported by 100% loss of investments. The reason for such decisions lies in the awareness of the lawyers about the control political actors possess over all dispute settlement fora like arbitration, court, and negotiation. Another important factor appears to be the profit interests of the lawyers, which is comprised of time vs. money calculations and are lower in disputes with political actors. My study also reveals variation among lawyers’ perception of reputation, that determines their choices in handling the disputes. In general, the study provides insight on how the law can be used by governments as an instrument of control over business-government relations in non-democracies, by lawyers as a reputation building mechanism and as a limited instrument of dispute settlement for foreign businesses. vii
Onychomycosis is a denomination used to describe fungal infection of one or more of the nail units and can be caused by dermat

Objective To find out various clinical patterns, etiologic agents and to evaluate the clinicomycologic correlation. Patients and methods Two hundred and forty nine cases of clinically suspected onychomycosis were included in this study. Clinical patterns were noted and sample collected from most severely affected nail. They were subjected to direct microscopy and culture. Results Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis was the commonest clinical pattern (56.6%) followed by proximal subungual onychomycosis (15.7%), total dystrophic onychomycosis (12.1%), white superficial onychomycosis (10.8%) and chronic paronychia (4.8%). 126 cases (50.6%) were confirmed by either microscopy or culture whereas 123 cases (49.4%) were negative by both. Dermatophytes were most common (55.9%) cause of onychomycosis. Amongst them Trichophyton rubrum was the most common isolate (65.9%). Candida albicans was important (79.2%) amongst the yeast isolates. Nondermatophytic moulds were involved in 15.5% of cases. Conclusion Onychomycosis might be an important cause of absenteeism amongst the working classes in this part of India. Yeasts and nondermatophytic moulds are gradually becoming an important cause of onychomycosis in different areas of the world. So, early diagnosis and initiation of antifungal treatment should be the approach to safeguard the social, emotional and physical well being of the patients.
Adolescents and marijuana: Its prevalence, underpinning causes, effects and implications on the next generation

It is customarily challenging and fruitless to prevent young adults and teens from drug experimentation. Yet, the onset of marijuana or cannabis use by school-age young adults and teens could be delayed with holistic interventions that aim at involving stakeholders (that is schools, families, agencies, media, etc.). The objective of this review was to sum-up continental comparative data on the prevalence of cannabis or marijuana use among young adults. Although continental studies on the prevalence, causes, effects, and preventions of marijuana use are limited, there is evidence to suggest that marijuana use is still on the rise among young people globally, especially in Africa, Europe, and America. False gratification such as, its harmless effects, its ability to aid performance, and its ability to protect one against superstitious forces are factors among others that lead adolescents to its experimentation. Key words: Adolescents, marijuana, cannabis, prevalence.
Developing practice and theory together

Networking and collaboration between academics and practitioners is becoming more intense as a response to the growing demand for tourism research to contribute to the growth and competitiveness of regional and national economies. While this development challenges the traditional role of academia, it also offers an opportunity for rethinking the relationship between practice and theory. The purpose of this study is to reflect on the experiences from a tourism development and research project conducted in Finnish Lapland between 2008 and 2011. In doing so, the study draws attention to the opportunities and challenges faced by academic and tourism workers when combining development and research objectives within a single project.
CASE STUDIES OF BEST PRACTICES IN SUSTAINABILITY IN GERMAN AND ESTONIAN HOTELS

It is widely recognised that hotels, as important members of the global tourism value chain, have negative impacts on the environment. Many hoteliers feel the adoption of environmental measures is expensive and produce little commercial benefit. A further obstacle to improving hotels’ green credentials is the perception that adapting staff attitudes and management operations to become more environmentally friendly is too complicated and produces only negligible results. The study aims to create a snapshot of best practices in sustainability in the Hospitality Industry adopted by eleven hotels in Germany and Estonia. It also aims to contrast the development of sustainable management systems in these two European countries that have different economies and cultures.
Isolated Limb Perfusion with Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Melphalan An Alternative to Amputation for Locally Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcomas

limb-sparing. In the non-metastasizing stage in adults, it is supplemented when appropriate by postoperative radiotherapy depending on the grading, tumor localization and the results of the histopathological examination. In locally advanced tumors of the limbs, ablative procedures with curative intent are still widely practiced. Since these mutilating approaches generally fail to influence the prognosis, multimodal solutions are called for before resorting to ablative procedures. Isolated limb perfusion is an innovative neoadjuvant therapy proposed in this context as a means of increasing the proportion of limb-sparing interventions without accepting a worsening of the prognosis and with the goal of improving the patient's quality of life. Soft tissue sarcomas are rare, with an incidence of 1 to 2 new cases per 100 000 population and year, and account for 1 to 2% of all malignant neoplasms of adulthood (1, 2). The very heterogeneous group of soft tissue sarcomas includes all malignant tumors of non-epithelial tissue (muscle, fatty tissue, connective tissue, vessels etc.). At about 60%, the limbs are the commonest sites affected, with the lower limb predominating at around 40%. Because of the relative rareness of soft tissue sarcoma, specialized knowledge and experience of the various therapeutic options are limited. Local tumor therapy employing the usually available surgical resources can present problems despite a high level of surgical skill. Especially for patients with locally advanced soft tissue sarcomas of the limbs, mutilating resections or even amputations should be consigned to a second-line