Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Climate Change on the United States Economy: Economic effects of climate change on US agriculture

Agriculture was one of the first economic sectors studied in climate change impact research because of its importance to human survival and its well known sensitivity to climate (see d'Arge, 1975; Kokoski and Smith, 1987; Dudek, 1988; Adams, et al ., 1989; Adams et al ., 1990). Although these studies provide a methodological basis for studying the agricultural impacts of climate change, there are some important shortcomings in this literature. First, early studies focused on conventional agricultural crops such as grain (e.g. corn and wheat) and soybeans. Results of these studies suggest that some regions of the United States, such as the Southeast, may suffer substantial economic losses if production of grains shifts to more northerly latitudes. However, since these southern regions are major producers of heat tolerant crops such as cotton, sorghum, fruits, and vegetables, failure to include such heat tolerant crops in previous analyses may overstate potential economic losses. In addition, the effects on livestock have been assessed through effects on the price of feed grains; direct effects of climate change on livestock weight gain and other performance measures are not addressed. Second, previous analyses have incorporated only limited possibilities for farm-level adaptations or adjustments to climate change. There are several ways that farmers may be able to adjust. For example, if other inputs such as fertilizer or irrigation water are substitutes for “climate” in production, then farmers may be able to adjust input mixes to maintain or at least offset reductions in output levels in the face of adverse climate change.
Going over : the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in north-west Europe

Introduction: transitions and transformations From Mesolithic to Neolithic modes of thought From Mesolithic to Early Neolithic in the western Mediterranean Neighbours but diverse: social change in north-west Iberia during the transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic (5500-4000 cal BC) Beyond the models: 'Neolithisation' in Central Europe Beyond 'migration' versus 'acculturation': new models for the spread of agriculture Mobility, specialisation and community diversity in the Linearbandkeramik: isotopic evidence from the skeletons Exploiting molecular and isotopic signals at the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition Neolithic cattle domestication as seen from ancient DNA Substitution of species, techniques and symbols at the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in western Europe The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in the Paris Basin: a review Neolithic fragrances : Mesolithic-Neolithic interactions in western France Changing places: monuments and the Neolithic transition in western France The neolithisation of the Scheldt basin in western Belgium The gradual transition to farming in the Lower Rhine Basin Mesolithic myths The Neolithic sensory revolution: monumentality and the experience of landscape Houses, bodies and tombs Neolithic farming in Britain and central Europe: contrast or continuity? The temporality of transformation: dating the early development of the southern British Neolithic The Thames Valley in the late fifth and early fourth millennium cal BC: the appearance of domestication and the evidence for change Mesolithic-Neolithic transitions in Britain: from essence to inhabitation From Picardie to Pickering and Pencraig Hill? New information on the 'Carinated Bowl Neolithic' in northern Britain From midden to megalith? The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in western Britain The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in western Scotland: a review and new evidence from Tiree Parallel worlds or multi-stranded identities? Considering the process of 'going over' in Ireland and the Irish Sea zone From fish and seal to sheep and cattle: new research into the process of neolithisation in northern Germany Mistrust traditions, consider innovations? The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in southern Scandinavia Going over: people and their times
Labels facilitate infants ’ comparison of action goals

Understanding the actions of others depends on the insight that these actions are structured by intentional relations. In a number of conceptual domains, comparison with familiar instances has been shown to support children's and adults' ability to discern the relational structure of novel instances. Recent evidence suggests that this process supports infants' analysis of others' goal-directed actions (Gerson & Woodward, 2012). The current studies evaluated whether labeling, which has been shown to support relational learning in other domains, also supports infants' sensitivity to the goal structure of others' actions. Ten-month-old infants observed events in which a familiar action, grasping, was aligned (simultaneously presented) with a novel tool use action, and both actions were accompanied by a matched label. Following this training, infants responded systematically to the goal structure of the tool use actions in a goal imitation paradigm. In control conditions, when the aligned actions were accompanied by non-word vocalizations, or when labeling occurred without aligned actions, infants did not respond systematically to the tool use action. These findings indicate that labels supported infants' comparison of the aligned actions, and this comparison facilitated their understanding of the novel action as goal-directed. D ow nl oa de d by [ Sa ra h G er so n] a t 1 3: 59 2 8 M ar ch 2 01 3
Rapid synaptogenesis in the Nucleus Accumbens is induced by a single cocaine administration and stabilized by MAP Kinase interacting kinase 1 activity

232 words; Text body: 3987 words; Figures : 8 Supplemental Materials include 6 figures and Method s and Materials M AN US CR IP T AC CE PT ED ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Dos Santos et al. 2 ABSTRACT Background Repeated cocaine exposure produces new spine format i n in Striatal Projection Neurons (SPNs) of the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc). However, an acute exposure to cocaine can trigger long-lasting synaptic plasticity in SPN leading to behavioral alterations. This raises the intriguing question as to whether acute cocaine cou ld modify enduringly striatal connectivity. Methods A 3D morphometric analysis of presynaptic glutamate rgic boutons and dendritic spines was performed on SPN one hour and one week after a sing le cocaine administration. Time-lapse two-photon microscopy in adult slices was used to d etermine the precise molecular events sequence responsible for the rapid spine formation. Results A single injection triggered a rapid synaptogenesis and persistent increase in glutamatergic connectivity in SPN from the shell part of the NAc, specifically. Synapse formation occurred through clustered growth of active spines contactin g pre-existing axonal boutons. Spine growth required ERK activation, while spine stabili zation involved transcription-independent protein synthesis driven by MAP kinase interacting kinase-1 (MNK-1), downstream from ERK. The maintenance of new spines driven by MNK-1 was essential for long-term connectivity changes induced by cocaine in vivo. Conclusions Our study originally demonstrates that an acute adm inistration of cocaine is able to induce stable synaptic rewiring in the NAc, which will lik ely influence responses to subsequent drug exposure. It also unravels a new functional role fo r c caine-induced ERK pathway M AN US CR IP T AC CE PT ED ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Dos Santos et al. 3 independently of nuclear targets. Finally, it revea ls that MNK-1 has a pivotal role in cocaineinduced connectivity.
The epidemiological characteristics and pro�le of drug-resistant tuberculosis among children with tuberculosis in Sichuan, China, 2015-2018: A retrospective study

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and pro�le of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) among children with TB in Sichuan province of China. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2018, microbiological culture-con�rmed child TB cases (aged<15 years old) were enrolled retrospectively. Epidemiological and clinical information from these cases, and the drug susceptibility testing (DST) results of the isolates were collected and analyzed. Results: Of 317 culture-con�rmed child TB cases, 16.7% (53/317) were aged under 5 years old. 54.9% were Tibetans, and 31.9% had clear history of contact with TB patients. More than half (53.9%) weren’t vaccinated by Calmette–Guérin bacillus (BCG). 30% (n=95) were diagnosed as severe TB, and 92.4% (n=293) were new cases. The ratio of severe TB in BCG vaccinated group was signi�cant lower than that observed in unvaccinated group (p<0.01). Signi�cantly higher proportion of severe TB among Tibetans than Han child TB cases was observed in BCG unvaccinated group (p<0.01). The overall rate of DR-TB in this study was 24.3% (77/317) and 17 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases were identi�ed with rate of MDR-TB at 5.4% (17/317). No XDR case was found. 13 out of 17 MDR-TB cases (76.4%) were Tibetan children. The ratio of any resistance to four �rst-line drugs identi�ed were: INH, 15.5%; RIF, 9.1%; EMB, 0.6% and SM, 6.0%, respectively. More than half of MDR patterns were resistant to INH+RIF (9/17), followed by at least resistance to INH+RIF+SM (n=7). Conclusions: This was the �rst investigation on the epidemiological characteristics and pro�les of DR-TB among child TB cases in Southwest of China. Our �ndings indicated a potentially and pro�les of DR-TB among child TB cases in Southwest of China. Our �ndings shed light on indicating a potentially high risk for Tibetan children to TB infection in the concentrated Tibetan communities of Sichuan. Our results support continuing DR-TB surveillance as part of comprehensive TB control and treatment in China.
Developmental and phenotypic plasticity of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions across an ambient temperature range Running title : Arabidopsis thermomorphogenesis

Global increase in ambient temperatures constitute a significant challenge to wild and cultivated plant species. Forward genetic analyses of isolated model temperature traits have resulted in the identification of several signaling and response components. However, a comprehensive knowledge about temperature sensitivity of different developmental stages and the contribution of natural variation therein is still scarce and fragmented at best. Here, we systematically analyze thermomorphogenesis throughout a complete life cycle in ten natural Arabidopsis thaliana accessions grown in four different temperatures ranging from 16 to 28 °C. We used Q10, GxE, phenotypic divergence and correlation analyses to assess temperature sensitivity and genotype effects of more than 30 morphometric and developmental traits representing five phenotype classes. We found that developmental timing throughout the vegetative phase was primarily sensitive to temperature with only limited genotype effects indicating primarily thermodynamic effects and/or conserved regulation. Phenotypes associated with reproduction and various quantitative growth traits, however, were often sensitive to both genotype and temperature effects. Genotype-specific temperature responses may be attractive targets for future forward genetic approaches and accession-specific thermomorphogenesis maps may aid the assessment of functional relevance of known and novel regulatory components. Introduction Recurrent changes in ambient temperature provide plants with essential information about time of day and seasons. Yet, even small changes in mean ambient temperatures can profoundly affect plant growth and development which collectively can be summarized as thermomorphogenesis (Quint et al., 2016). In crops like rice, a season-specific increase in the mean minimum temperature of 1 °C results in a 2 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54
The relationship between fear of failure, academic motivation and student engagement in higher education : a general linear model

Failure is an overwhelming experience that is associated with hostile, negative feelings and devastating consequences for many students. However, there is little effort on theorising fear of failure in education or examining its links with academic motivation and engagement. Researchers have called for investigating how fear operates in education and for developing a broader understanding of engagement in higher education. This study addresses this gap in knowledge. It examined the factor structure of two instruments designed to measure motivation and engagement and the influence of fear of failure on motivation and engagement in light of Self Determination Theory. It investigated how fear of failure and motivation clustered within students and if these clusters were differentially associated with engagement. Finally, it examined the modulatory role of extrinsic motivation, as a differentiated construct, in the relationship between fear of failure and engagement. Data were collected using self-reported instruments and analysed using the General Linear Model. Contributions introduced fear of failure as an influential factor of motivation and uncovered its direct and indirect effects on motivation and engagement, thus extending existing literature on fear of failure. Cluster analysis identified distinct profiles of students based on their fear of failure and motivation and established a positive link between fear of failure and extrinsic motivation. This study has extended the motivation literature by shedding new light on the positive modulatory role of extrinsic motivation, as a differentiated construct, in the relationship between fear of failure and engagement. Contributions also included the introduction of a new model that extends the self-determination continuum to acknowledge the existence of different learners and recognise the role of fear of failure among them. Finally, this study provided two modified instruments to measure motivation and engagement, thus contributing to existing measurement tools in United Kingdom higher education. Contributions to practice are implied; there is a need to recognise the significant impact of fear of failure on the dynamics of the learning environment and the importance of prompting self-inflicted behaviours. Comprehending the complexity of the learning environment in light of the complex nature of human behaviours is considered essential to improving teaching and learning.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SYNECTICS, MIND MAPS, COOPERATIVE LEARNING (SM2CL) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji adanya pengaruh model pembelajaran synectics , mind maps , cooperative learning ( SM2CL ) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Jenis penelitian quasi experiment ini memiliki sampel sebanyak 24 kelas eksperimen dan 23 kelas kontrol yang diambil secara random sampling dari populasi seluruh siswa kelas XI IPA MIA1 MA Madani Alauddin Pao-Pao. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pretest-posttes control group design . Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes kemampuan berpikir kritis. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Berdasarkan analisis statistik inferensial dengan uji Paired-Sampel T Tes menunjukkan bahwa pada kelas eksperimen pretest dan post-test diperoleh = 47,448 dan = 1,714. Dalam hal ini > , maka diterima dan ditolak, artinya ada perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kritis sebelum dengan sesudah diterapkan model pembelajaran SM2CL . Selanjutnya berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik deskriptif menggambarkan bahwa nilai rata-rata post-tes kelas eksperimen (87,92) lebih tinggi dibandingkan nilai rata-rata post-tes pada kelas kontrol (69,61). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan model pembelajaran SM2CL terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas IX IPA MIA1 pada mata pelajaran Biologi di MA Madani Alauddin Pao-Pao Kabupaten Gowa.
Ecology and environmental impact of Javan rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa) in the Royal National Park

This thesis examines the ecology and environmental impact of rusa deer, Cervus timorensis, in Royal National Park (Royal NP). Wild deer are an emerging pest in many parts of Australia and their biology and impact on both native flora and fauna is largely unknown. This study aims to inform the management of this species. The study was conducted from September 1999 to December 2001 in Royal NP, 30 km south of Sydney, NSW, Australia. The ecology of rusa deer was divided into two sections, namely movement ecology (encompassing home-range, habitat use and dispersal) and population ecology (encompassing the study of density, rate of increase, reproduction, mortality, the presence of disease and parasites and body condition). Movement ecology was investigated by fitting radio-collars to a variety of age and sex classes of deer in several areas of the Park and monitoring their behaviour. Home-range size ranged from less than 1 km to 8 km. Most animals showed significant variation in their home-range between seasons, with increases in range most common in winter, perhaps in response to decreased food availability at this time. Analysis of habitat use within home-ranges showed that most animals centred their activity around cleared grassed areas flanked by forest, heath or woodland areas. The size of the home-range and the amount of cleared land in each home-range was highly correlated. Most deer shifted their range seasonally, however only three out of 29 radio-collared animals dispersed. All were sub-adult males between 1 and 2 years of age. All three animals were from high density deer areas and all dispersed to low density deer areas. This result, along with the observation that three other males in this age group from lowdensity deer areas did not disperse, suggests that dispersal in this population is density dependent.
The neurobiology of personal control during reward learning and its relation to mood

Citation for published version: Romaniuk, L, Sandu, A, Waiter, GD, Mcneil, CJ, Xueyi, S, Harris, MA, Macfarlane, JA, Lawrie, SM, Deary, IJ, Murray, AD, Delgado, MR, Steele, JD, Mcintosh, AM & Whalley, HC 2019, 'The neurobiology of personal control during reward learning and its relation to mood', Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 190-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc. 2018.09. 015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc. 2018.09. 015
Local skin inflammation in cutaneous leishmaniasis as a source of variable 1 pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B 2

26 Disfiguring skin lesions caused by several species of the Leishmania parasite characterize cutaneous 27 leishmaniasis (CL). Successful treatment of CL with intravenous (IV) liposomal amphotericin B 28 (LAmB) relies on the presence of adequate antibiotic concentrations at the dermal site of infection 29 within the inflamed skin. Here, we have investigated the impact of the local skin inflammation on the 30 pharmacokinetics (PK) and efficacy of LAmB in two murine models of localized CL ( Leishmania major 31 and Leishmania mexicana ) at three different stages of disease (papule, initial nodule and established 32 nodule). Twenty-four hours after administration of 1 x 25 mg/kg LAmB (IV) to infected BALB/c mice 33 (n=5), drug accumulation in skin was found to be dependent on the causative parasite species ( L. 34 major > L. mexicana ) and the disease stage (papule > initial nodule > established nodule > healthy 35 skin). Elevated tissue drug levels were associated with increased vascular permeability (Evans Blue 36 assay) and macrophage infiltration (histomorphometry) in the infected skin, two pathophysiological 37 parameters linked to tissue inflammation. After identical treatment of CL in the two models with 5 x 25 38 mg/kg LAmB (IV), intralesional drug concentrations and reductions in lesion size and parasite load 39 (qPCR) were all ≥ 2-fold higher for L. major compared to L. mexicana . In conclusion, drug penetration 40 of LAmB into CL skin lesions could depend on the disease stage and the causative Leishmania 41 species due to the influence of local tissue inflammation. 42
Identification of Cancer–associated Metabolic Vulnerabilities by Modeling Multi-objective Optimality in Metabolism

Computational modeling of the genome-wide metabolic network is essential for designing new therapeutics targeting cancer-associated metabolic disorder, which is a hallmark of human malignancies. However, previous studies generally assumed that metabolic fluxes of cancer cells are subjected to the maximization of biomass production, despite the wide existence of trade-offs among multiple metabolic objectives. To address this issue, we developed a multi-objective model of cancer metabolism with algorithms depicting approximate Pareto surfaces and incorporating multiple omics datasets. To validate this approach, we built individualized models for NCI-60 cancer cell lines, and accurately predicted cell growth rates and other biological consequences of metabolic perturbations in these cells. By analyzing the landscape of approximate Pareto surface, we identified a list of metabolic targets essential for cancer cell proliferation and the Warburg effect, and further demonstrated their close association with cancer patient survival. Finally, metabolic targets predicted to be essential for tumor progression were validated by cell-based experiments, confirming this multi-objective modelling method as a novel and effective strategy to identify cancer-associated metabolic vulnerabilities.
Effects of soil pre-treatment with Basamid© granules, Brassica juncea, Raphanus sativus, and Tagetes patula on bacterial and fungal communities at two apple replant

Citation for published version (APA): Yim, B. , Nitt, H. , Wrede, A. , Jacquiod, S. J. A. , Sørensen, S. J., Winkelmann, T. , & Smalla, K. (2017). Effects of soil pre-treatment with Basamid © granules, Brassica juncea, Raphanus sativus, and Tagetes patula on bacterial and fungal communities at two apple replant disease sites. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, [1604]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017. 01604
Narcolepsy and adjuvanted pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccines â€“ Multi-country assessment

Citation for published version (APA): Weibel, D. , Sturkenboom, M. , Black, S. , de Ridder, M. , Dodd, C. , Bonhoeffer, J., Vanrolleghem, A. , van der Maas, N. , Lammers, G. J., Overeem, S. , Gentile, A. , Giglio, N. , Castellano, V. , Kwong, J. C. , Murray, B. J., Cauch-Dudek, K. , Juhasz, D. , Campitelli, M. , Datta, A. N. , . Shimabukuro, T. T. (2018). Narcolepsy and adjuvanted pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccines Multi-country assessment. Vaccine, 36(41), 62026211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine. 2018.08. 008
Environmental Efficiency and Regional Convergence Clusters in Japan: A Nonparametric Density Approach

This paper studies environmental efficiency convergence across the prefectures of Japan over the 1992-2008 period. Using a novel nonparametric density estimation clustering framework, two alternative indicators of environmental efficiency are contrasted: a conventional indicator, based on the ratio of gross regional product to CO2 emissions, and a more comprehensive indicator, based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. Results show, on the one hand, a lack of intra-distributional mobility and potentially a unique convergence cluster when using the more conventional indicator. On the other hand, large backward mobility and at least two convergence clusters are identified when using the DEA-based indicator of environmental efficiency. The paper concludes arguing the importance of accounting for production inputs, as they appear to be driving the formation of regional convergence clusters in Japan.