Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of inland waters on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in neighboring poultry farms in South Korea

Background Since 2003, the H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype has caused massive economic losses in the poultry industry in South Korea. The role of inland water bodies in avian influenza (AI) outbreaks has not been investigated. Identifying water bodies that facilitate risk pathways leading to the incursion of the HPAI virus (HPAIV) into poultry farms is essential for implementing specific precautionary measures to prevent viral transmission. Objectives This matched case-control study (1:4) examined whether inland waters were associated with a higher risk of AI outbreaks in the neighboring poultry farms. Methods Rivers, irrigation canals, lakes, and ponds were considered inland water bodies. The cases and controls were chosen based on the matching criteria. The nearest possible farms located within a radius of 3 km of the case farms were chosen as the control farms. The poultry farms were selected randomly, and two HPAI epidemics (H5N8 [2014–2016] and H5N6 [2016–2017]) were studied. Conditional logistic regression analysis was applied. Results Statistical analysis revealed that inland waters near poultry farms were significant risk factors for AI outbreaks. The study speculated that freely wandering wild waterfowl and small animals contaminate areas surrounding poultry farms. Conclusions Pet birds and animals raised alongside poultry birds on farm premises may wander easily to nearby waters, potentially increasing the risk of AI infection in poultry farms. Mechanical transmission of the AI virus occurs when poultry farm workers or visitors come into contact with infected water bodies or their surroundings. To prevent AI outbreaks in the future, poultry farms should adopt strict precautions to avoid contact with nearby water bodies and their surroundings.
Work-From-Home Engagement during COVID-19: Implications for Human Resource Management

Work-from-home has gained swift and massive adoption due to technological advancement and the large-scale disruption evoked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Work-from-home, also called telecommuting, involves performing work/business responsibilities from a non-office location or typically from home. The work-from-home format has garnered acceptance as the alternative to traditional office work, but it is not without disadvantages. Thus, a thorough insight into the mechanism of the work-from-home format and how it relates to engagement is necessary for organizational leaders and human resource practitioners to cultivate engagement of remote workers. This article illustrates the current state of scholarly research on work-from-home engagement by using the lens of an integrated literature review. This article explains the forces accompanying the work-from-home format and their interactions with employee engagement. The article proposes a conceptual framework of the work-from-home engagement field. The constructs of the work-from-home engagement field, which are the work-from-home positive forces, negative forces, and positive-negative forces, are explained, and the critical implications for human resource management are highlighted.
A Survey of 6D Object Detection Based on 3D Models for Industrial Applications

Six-dimensional object detection of rigid objects is a problem especially relevant for quality control and robotic manipulation in industrial contexts. This work is a survey of the state of the art of 6D object detection with these use cases in mind, specifically focusing on algorithms trained only with 3D models or renderings thereof. Our first contribution is a listing of requirements typically encountered in industrial applications. The second contribution is a collection of quantitative evaluation results for several different 6D object detection methods trained with synthetic data and the comparison and analysis thereof. We identify the top methods for individual requirements that industrial applications have for object detectors, but find that a lack of comparable data prevents large-scale comparison over multiple aspects.
Sulfidic Habitats in the Gypsum Karst System of Monte Conca (Italy) Host a Chemoautotrophically Supported Invertebrate Community

The great diversity of the invertebrate community thriving in the deepest sections of the gypsum karst system of the Monte Conca sinkhole (Sicily, Italy) suggests the existence of a complex food web associated with a sulfidic pool and chemoautotrophic microbial activity. To shed light on the peculiarity of this biological assemblage, we investigated the species composition of the invertebrate community and surveyed trophic interactions by stable isotope analysis. The faunal investigation conducted by visual censuses and hand sampling methods led to the discovery of a structured biological assemblage composed of both subterranean specialized and non-specialized species, encompassing all trophic levels. The community was remarkably diverse in the sulfidic habitat and differed from other non-sulfidic habitats within the cave in terms of stable isotope ratios. This pattern suggests the presence of a significant chemoautotrophic support by the microbial communities to the local food web, especially during the dry season when the organic input from the surface is minimal. However, when large volumes of water enter the cave due to local agricultural activities (i.e., irrigation) or extreme precipitation events, the sulfidic habitat of the cave is flooded, inhibiting the local autotrophic production and threatening the conservation of the entire ecosystem.
The Impact of Do-Not-Resuscitate Order in the Emergency Department on Respiratory Failure after ICU Admission

(1) Background: It has been hypothesized that a discrepancy exists in the understanding of a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order among physicians. We hypothesized that a DNR order signed in the emergency department (ED) could influence the patients’ prognosis after intensive care unit (ICU) admission. (2) Methods: We included patients older than 17 years, who visited the emergency department for non-traumatic disease, who had respiratory failure, required ventilator support, and were admitted to the ICU between January 2010 and December 2016. The associations between DNR and mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), and medical fees were analyzed. Prolonged hospital LOS was defined as hospital stay ≥75th percentile (≥26 days for the study). Patients were classified as those who did and did not sign a DNR order. A 1:4 propensity score matching was conducted for demographics, comorbidities, and etiology. (3) Results: The study enrolled a total of 1510 patients who signed a DNR and 6040 patients who did not sign a DNR. The 30-day mortality rates were 47.4% and 28.0% among patients who did and did not sign a DNR, respectively. A DNR order was associated with mortality after adjusting for confounding factors (hazard ratio, 1.9; confidence interval, 1.70–2.03). It was also a risk factor for prolonged hospital LOS in survivors (odds ratio, 1.2; confidence interval, 1.02–1.44). Survivors who signed a DNR order were charged higher medical fees than those who did not sign a DNR (217,159 vs. 245,795 New Taiwan Dollars, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Signing a DNR order in the ED increased the ICU mortality rate among patients who had respiratory failure and needed ventilator support. It increased the risk of prolonged hospital LOS among survivors. Finally, signing a DNR order was associated with high medical fees among survivors.
Environmental Penalties, Investor Attention and Stock Market Reaction: Moderating Roles of Air Pollution and Industry Saliency

Despite the importance of environmental penalties in environmental enforcement, how and under what situations they impact stock market reaction is still unclear. Drawing on the theories of expectancy violation and attention driven, a conceptual model is built to explore how environmental penalty influences stock market reaction through investor attention. Furthermore, it is explored that the air pollution and industry saliency facilitate the indirect relationship between environmental penalty and investor attention. We empirically test this theoretical framework using a sample of 88 listed companies that received the environmental penalty. Up to 31 December 2020, a total of 88 A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges were obtained as samples by collecting the announcement of environmental penalties of listed companies on Juchao Network. Furthermore Baidu index is taken as a proxy for investor attention in this study. Our findings reveal that investor attention plays mediating role in the relationship between environmental penalty and abnormal returns, while the direct effect of environmental penalty on stock market reaction has not been verified, thus, investor attention plays a complete mediating role between them. In addition, air pollution moderates the relationship between Environmental penalties and investor attention. The study found that enterprises in heavy pollution industries might suffer safety-in-numbers effect, which would weaken the directly negative impact of environmental penalties, and verified the moderating effect of industry saliency. These findings provide theoretical and practical implications for understanding how environmental penalties influence on stock market reaction.
Gut Microbiome in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Role

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be a significant health threat globally, and has attracted growing concern in the research field of liver diseases. NAFLD comprises multifarious fatty degenerative disorders in the liver, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis. The fundamental pathophysiology of NAFLD is complex and multifactor-driven. In addition to viruses, metabolic syndrome and alcohol, evidence has recently indicated that the microbiome is related to the development and progression of NAFLD. In this review, we summarize the possible microbiota-based therapeutic approaches and highlight the importance of establishing the diagnosis of NAFLD through the different spectra of the disease via the gut–liver axis.
Confronting Gender Imbalance in High School History Textbooks Through the C3 Framework

This study analyzed gender balance in the texts and illustrations of three recently published, high school US history textbooks and one alternate volume of American history. In all of the American history texts analyzed there were significantly more males than females in text content and illustrations. These textbooks focused on the contributions of those famous Americans who have been a part of the historical record. The record is skewed with regard to gender, leaving teachers and students with the arduous task of acknowledging the absence of women while attempting to fill in the gaps through their own research and resources. Standards committees and textbook publishers should change their focus and teachers and students should confront gender imbalance by integrating high quality women’s history resources into the classroom with web-based resources, family and community history projects, young adult literature, history textbook analysis, and the vision of the C3 Framework.
An Updated Theoretical and Practical Model for Promoting Historical Empathy

Over the past two decades significant attention has been given to the topic of historical empathy, yet the manner in which historical empathy is currently defined, operationalized, and put into classroom practice lacks consistency and often is based on dated conceptualizations of the construct. Scholars have employed a variety of theoretical and practical approaches to utilizing historical empathy with students, leading to persistent confusion about the nature, purpose and fostering of historical empathy. Our goal is to present an updated conceptualization that clearly defines historical empathy as a dual-dimensional, cognitive-affective construct and differentiates historical empathy from exclusively cognitive or affective modes of historical inquiry. We further provide an updated instructional model for the promotion of historical empathy that includes consideration for historical empathy’s proximate and ultimate goals. We aim to highlight where research has produced some consensus on best practice for promoting empathy and where further study is needed.
High Frequency Callus Mediated Plantlet Regeneration from Different Explants of Ethno-medicinal Plant Turkey Berry (Solanum torvum Sw)

We report on the influence of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) as well as the type of explants on callus mediated regeneration in Turkey berry/pea egg medicinal plant, S.torvum. The explants viz., hypocotyl (0.4-0.8 cm long), cotyledon (0.6-0.8 cm) from 3 week old and leaves (1.0 cm) from 6 week old in vitro grown seedlings were cultured on MS medium with various concentrations (0.5-4.0 mg/L) of BAP/KIN alone and also in combination with 0.5 mg/L NAA/IAA. The calli developed from all the explants have shown the maximum percentage of response (94% leaf and cotyledon, 88% hypocotyl) and highest number of multiple shoots induction (36.2±1.50 leaf, 33.2±0.25 cotyledon and 23.4±0.11 hypocotyl explants) per explant with maximum length of shoots (3.9±0.18 leaf, 4.0±0.11 cotyledon and 3.7±0.19 hypocotyl) at 0.5 mg/L NAA+2.5 mg/L BAP (leaf), 0.5 mg/L IAA+2.5 mg/L BAP (cotyledon) and 0.5 mg/L IAA+3.0 mg/L BAP (hypocotyl) in comparison to different concentrations of cytokinins used alone and as well as in combination with IAA/NAA. The calli induced from cotyledon explants were found to be more potent in inducing high frequency number of shoots per explant among all other explants tested in the present investigations. Cytokinins BAP/KIN alone or in combination with IAA/NAA was found to be more effective in inducing callus mediated shoot regeneration in all the explants of S. torvum. For in vitro rooting, the elongated microshoots were transferred on to root induction medium (RIM) fortified with 0.25-2.0 mg/L NAA/IAA. Maximum percentage of response (90%), average number of roots (18.2±0.03) per micro-shoot with highest length of roots (7.8±0.09 cms) was observed at 1.0 mg/L IAA. In vitro rooted plantlets were acclimatized in the green house and transferred into field. The survival percentage was found to be 90% and the plantlets were found to be normal in morphology, flowering and fruiting. Thus, the regeneration protocol developed in the present investigation can be used for the conservation and genetic transformation experiments in S. torvum, not only as a medicinal plant but also as a model plant, based on its regeneration potentiality.
Low order modelling of lift forces for unsteady pitching and surging wings

© 2016, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA . All rights reserved. This article describes a simple low-order model for the lift produced by rapidly accelerating and pitching flat plate wings. The model is informed by experiments performed as part of NATO’s AVT-202 technical team. The overall agreement of the model with the forces measured as part of this effort is reasonable, however, the main value of the model is to identify a number of contributions to the lift force and classifying these as either circulatory or non-circulatory. Thus the relative effects of viscosity and kinematic accelerations are identified which helps the understanding of unsteady low-Re flows.
Strategies for efficient estimation of soil organic content at the local scale based on a national spectral database

Soil function degradation threatens the sustainable management of soil resources and soil organic matter (SOM) is a vital and important factor. Powerful measuring tools will become very important, especially in areas where data are poor or absent. The archive: China Soil Visible and Near Infrared (vis–NIR) Spectroscopy Library (CSSL) could help providea solution for less costly and fast measuring of SOM. The aim of this article was to compare SOM prediction performance according to three strategies: i) general global partial least squares regression (PLSR) using CSSL with and without spiking samples; ii) memory‐based learning (MBL) using CSSL with and without spiking samples; and iii) general PLSR using only spiking samples to predict soil organic matter in the target area. When using spiked subsets, we also investigated the prediction performance of the extra‐weighted (several copies) subsets. A series of spiking subsets were randomly selected from the total spiking samples, which were selected by conditioned Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS) from the target sites. We calculated only the mean squared Euclidean distance (msd) between the estimates density function (pds) of the principal components (PCs) of vis–NIR spectroscopy from the validation dataset and spiking subsets and statistically inferred the optimal sampling set size to be 30. Our study showed that global PLSR using CSSL spiked with the statistically optimal local samples can achieve higher predicted performance [with a mean root mean square error (RMSE) of 5.75]. MBL spiked with five extra‐weighted optimal spiking samples achieved the best accuracy with an RMSE of 3.98, an R2 of 0.70, a bias of 0.04, and an LCCC of 0.81. The msd is a simple and effective method to determine an adequate spiking set size using only vis–NIR data. These accurate predictions demonstrated the usefulness of statistically representative spiking and MBL for advanced large soil spectral libraries for SOM determination, which is currently lacking at large soil spectral libraries in use.
IFN-γ Induces PD-L1 Expression in Primed Human Basophils

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a key role in maintaining immune tolerance and also in immune evasion of cancers and pathogens. Though the identity of stimuli that induce PD-L1 in various human innate cells and their function are relatively well studied, data on the basophils remain scarce. In this study, we have identified one of the factors, such as IFN-γ, that induces PD-L1 expression in human basophils. Interestingly, we found that basophil priming by IL-3 is indispensable for IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression in human basophils. However, priming by other cytokines including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was dispensable. Analyses of a published microarray data set on IL-3-treated basophils indicated that IL-3 enhances IFNGR2, one of the chains of the IFNGR heterodimer complex, and CD274, thus providing a mechanistic insight into the role of IL-3 priming in IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression in human basophils.
Anti-Adhesion and Antibiofilm Activity of Eruca sativa Miller Extract Targeting Cell Adhesion Proteins of Food-Borne Bacteria as a Potential Mechanism: Combined In Vitro-In Silico Approach

Bacterial cells have the ability to form biofilm onto the surfaces of food matrixes and on food processing equipment, leading to a source of food contamination posing serious health implications. Therefore, our study aimed to determine the effect of Eruca sativa Miller (E. sativa) crude extract against biofilms of food-borne bacteria along with in silico approaches to investigate adhesion proteins responsible for biofilm activity against the identified phytochemicals. The antibacterial potential of crude extract was evaluated using agar well diffusion technique and combinations of light and scanning electron microscopy to assess the efficacy of crude extract against the developed biofilms. Our results showed that crude extract of E. sativa was active against all tested food-borne bacteria, exhibiting a rapid kinetics of killing bacteria in a time-dependent manner. MIC and MBC values of E. sativa crude extract were found to be ranging from 125 to 500 µg/mL and 250 to 1000 µg/mL respectively. Furthermore, inhibition of developed biofilm by E sativa was found to be ranging from 58.68% to 73.45% for all the tested strains. The crude extract also reduced the viability of bacterial cells within biofilms and amount of EPS (ranging 59.73–82.77%) in the biofilm matrix. Additionally, the microscopic images also revealed significant disruption in the structure of biofilms. A molecular docking analysis of E. sativa phytochemicals showed interaction with active site of adhesion proteins Sortase A, EspA, OprD, and type IV b pilin of S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. enterica ser. typhi, respectively. Thus, our findings represent the first demonstration of E. sativa crude extract’s bioactivity and potency against food-borne bacteria in their planktonic forms, as well as against the developed biofilms. Therefore, a possible mechanistic approach for inhibition of biofilm via targeting adhesion proteins can be explored further to target biofilm producing food-borne bacterial pathogens.
Enabling ecosystem services at the neighborhood scale while allowing for urban regrowth: the case of Halle, Germany

Cities that begin to regrow after a long period of decline and land abandonment are under pressure to provide comfortable housing conditions in preferred neighborhoods for their residents. On the other hand, these cities should preserve interim green spaces that result from decline because these spaces are a real treasure for densifying cities. Using the case of the city of Halle in post-socialist Eastern Germany, we explore four land use alternatives for neighborhood development close to what might happen: (1) urban densification, (2) spacious housing, (3) the green city, and (4) the edible city. We seek to discover opportunities for regrowth and sustainable land use development by applying the ecosystem services and green points frameworks to a set of land use transition rules. Land use change has been defined for strategic development areas according to the Master Plan and complementary visions of land change. The results of the study provide highly interesting insights into how both regrowth and greening can be enabled in densifying neighborhoods and what types of green are most effective in providing carbon storage and summer heat regulation. Moreover, gardens, as central elements of the edible city concept, were found to be flexible in implementation in very differently dynamic neighborhoods by providing multi-functional spaces for ecosystem services such as climate regulation, local food production, daily recreation, and nature experience. Results demonstrate that ecosystem services benefit flows increase only in districts where real estate pressure is low. In districts with growing population numbers, green spaces are reduced. This may result in increased injustice in green space availability seeing as we have modeled a recreational space per capita of < 9 m2 in the Southern Suburb, whereas an increase to almost 70 m2 was simulated in the shrinking, prefabricated Newtown. Most importantly, modeling the narratives of the Master Plan in a spatially explicit way demonstrates unused potential for greening in Halle. Thus, we conclude that urban planning should make regular use of such land use alternative to look for hidden combined visions of green and growth in a formerly shrinking city.