Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incidence and Pattern of Extremity Fractures seen in Accident and Emergency Department of a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

Background: Extremity fracture is an important component of musculoskeletal injury worldwide. The distributions of etiological factors and types of extremity fractures vary from and within subregions and have implications in preventive and treatment strategies. This study aimed at determining the incidence and pattern of extremity fractures seen in accident and emergency department (A and ED) of a teaching hospital in a developing country. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective study of all patients with extremity fractures seen in A and ED of Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki over 12 months between February 1, 2016 and January 31, 2017. Results: Extremity fractures necessitated visit in 251 patients with 306 fractures giving an incidence of 22.6/1000/year of A and ED attendances (39.2/1000 males and 9.2/1000 females), with age range of 2–90 years and a mean of 35.6 ± 16.7 years. Road traffic accident (RTA) (184, 73.3%), fall from height (23, 9.2%), and gunshot (13, 5.2%) were the three top causes of fractures, whereas tibia, femur, and humerus were three top bones involved. Of the 306 fractures, 270 (88%) involved the long bones, 193 (63.1%) were close, and 113 (36.9%) were open fractures. Forty-four (17.5%) of them were multiply injured patient and head injury in 32 (12.8%) the topmost associated injury. One hundred and ninety-four (77.3%) were admitted into surgical ward and 28 (11.2%) self-discharged against medical advice. Conclusion: Appropriate preventive mechanisms based on the observed pattern is needed; a policy response to curb the menace of RTAs may invariably reduce the incidence of extremity fractures. Treatment strategies entail appropriate facilities and skilled workforce to deal with fractures of varying degrees of severity and complexity observed.
The role of the Protein C system in allergic and non-allergic lung inflammation

Lung diseases are an increasing problem for healthcare systems worldwide. Asthma and pneumonia are two highly prevalent respiratory disorders responsible for considerable impact on the level of individual patients and on public society in general. In the Netherlands, more than half a million people have asthma (which is >3% of the total population) and 172,000 people annually suffer from pneumonia. Both asthma and pneumonia are characterized by a significant inflammatory response in the lung compartment. Underlying molecular pathways of lung inflammation are complex and not fully understood. Better understanding of the mechanisms that drive lung inflammation in asthma and pneumonia patients may help to develop better anti-inflammatory treatment strategies. In this thesis, we explored the role of the anticoagulant Protein C (PC) system in allergic and non-allergic lung inflammation and evaluated the PC system as a potential anti-inflammatory treatment strategy in context of asthma and pneumonia.
Nail fold capillaroscopic changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An observational, comparative study

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease affecting microvascular circulation causing complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Nail fold capillaroscopy (NFC) is an in vivo study of microvascular circulation. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe and quantify NFC changes in type 2 diabetics. Materials and Methods: NFC was done for all 10 fingernails for 96 patients with T2DM (as per the American Diabetes Association criteria) and 40 healthy controls. The diabetics were further subdivided into two groups: those with microvascular complications (Group 1, n = 46) and those without any (Group 2, n = 50). Results: Demographic profile was comparable in both the groups. Overall, 80.2% (77/96) of the patients with T2DM showed NFC changes as compared to 12.5% of the healthy controls. Unique morphological alterations in T2DM were angulated and receding capillaries. Mean capillary density was overall reduced, especially in Group 1 (6.57 ± 1.02 capillary/mm) as compared to Group 2 (7.03 ± 1.09 capillary/mm) (P = 0.67). Overall, 89.13% of Group 1 patients had NFC changes as compared to 72% in Group 2 (P = 0.035). Specific morphological changes were also significantly more common in Group 1 than Group 2, including tortuosity (P = 0.035), meandering capillaries (P = 0.004), capillary dropouts (P = 0.012), and bizarre capillaries (P = 0.002). Limitations: A larger sample size study with different demographic populations could have provided a broader picture of NFC changes in T2DM. Conclusion: Our study suggests that NFC changes are correlated with microvascular complications in type 2 diabetics, possibly helping in noninvasive identification of patients at risk.
Common Forms of Strabismus in a Tertiary Eye Clinic in Southwest Nigeria

Background: Strabismus occurs worldwide and is associated with undesirable psychosocial impact and negative social prejudice. However, there is a dearth of information on the different subtypes of strabismus in Nigerian patients. The aim of this study is to describe the common forms of strabismus among patients of an eye clinic in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all new patients seen at the eye clinic of our hospital between January 1999 and December 2008. Patients with a diagnosis of strabismus were identified from the clinic registers and their case records were reviewed. Information on age, gender, cause, and type of squint as well as associated ocular/systemic disease was retrieved from the case records. Results: A total of 240 patients had strabismus, giving a relative frequency of 1.2%. Mean age of patients with strabismus was 19.8 (±19.7) years while male-to-female ratio was 0.98:1. Esotropia (53.8%) was more common than exotropia (44.2%). The mean age of patients with esotropia was 12.8 years compared with 27.9 years for patients with exotropia (P < 0.001). Sensory strabismus was the most common form of strabismus, occurring in 83 (34.5%) patients, while accommodative esotropia was found in only 5.8% patients. Conclusion: The relative frequency of strabismus in this study is fairly similar to other reports from Nigeria and Africa. Secondary strabismus was quite common whereas primary forms of strabismus such as accommodative esotropia appear to occur less frequently among our patients in comparison to Caucasian populations.
The Biological Evaluation of Conventional and Nano-Hydroxyapatite-Silica Glass Ionomer Cement on Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Comparative Study

Background: Despite their lower strength, glass ionomer cements (GICs) are widely used as restorative materials because of their anti-cariogenic properties, direct adhesion to tooth structure and good biocompatibility. Recently, the addition of nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA)-silica to conventional GIC (cGIC) has been shown to improve the strength of cGIC. However, the biocompatibility and cell attachment properties of this material are unknown. Aims: This study aims to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity and cell attachment properties of cGIC and nano-HA-silica-GIC on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Methods and Materials: Material extracts of nano-HA-silica-GIC and cGIC were prepared into seven serial dilutions and applied to 96 well plates seeded with DPSCs. After 72 h, the cell viability was determined using MTT assay. The DPSCs cell attachment properties were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) after 24 and 72 h. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyse the data for MTT assay (P < 0.05). SEM images of cell attachment properties were also described. Results: Nano-HA-silica-GIC and cGIC was shown to be slight to non-cytotoxic at all concentrations, except 200 mg/ml. Moderate cytotoxicity has been observed at 200 mg/ml concentration where nano-HA-silica-GIC and cGIC revealed cell viability values of 44.38 and 42.15%, respectively. Nano-HA-silica-GIC demonstrated better cell viability values than cGIC at all concentrations except for 6.25 and 12.5 mg/ml. Nevertheless, the results were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). SEM examination revealed the increasing numbers of DPSCs attached to both groups with prominent filopodia, especially after 72 h. Conclusions: Nano-HA-silica-GIC exhibited good biocompatibility which is comparable to cGIC and favoured the attachment of DPSCs.
Challenges, solutions and future directions in the evaluation of service innovations in health care and public health

Policies and interventions in the health-care system may have a wide range of effects on multiple patient outcomes and operate through many clinical processes. This presents a challenge for their evaluation, especially when the effect on any one patient is small. In this essay, we explore the nature of the health-care system and discuss how the empirical evidence produced within it relates to the underlying processes governing patient outcomes. We argue for an evidence synthesis framework that first models the underlying phenomena common across different health-care settings and then makes inferences regarding these phenomena from data. Bayesian methods are recommended. We provide the examples of electronic prescribing and increased consultant provision at the weekend.
The aetiology of eyelid dermatitis in a series of 191 patients

Introduction. Several studies identified allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) as the most common cause of periorbital dermatitis. Nevertheless, there is paucity of studies directly comparing the relevance of allergens in the eyelid dermatitis versus non eyelid dermatitis populations. Methods. 1043 patients who presented with the clinical suspicion of ACD were patch tested in a 2-year period. Patient demographics, clinical features, history of atopy and results of patch tests were collected. Patch test results of patients with eyelid dermatitis were compared with those of patients with dermatitis confined to other body areas. Results. 191 out of 1043 patch tested patients (18.3%) presented with eyelid dermatitis. Patients with eyelid dermatitis were more likely to be women compared to the non-eyelid group of patients. The two groups did not differ as for the frequency of atopy, including respiratory atopy and atopic dermatitis. The prevalence of ACD was statistically higher in the eyelid group (64.4%) compared to the non-eyelid group (49.4%). The most relevant allergens in patients with eyelid dermatitis were metals, preservatives and fragrances. Allergens resulting statistically more frequent in eyelid patients were methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, nickel sulphate, disperse blue 124, dimethylaminopropylamine. Conclusions. Patients with eyelid dermatitis are likely to have ACD, and need appropriate patch testing.
Metal Accumulation in Blood Plasma
and in Femora of Feral Pigeon (Columba livia)
Free Living in Smelting, Urban and Rural
Area in Kosovo

The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of environmental pollution in level of B, Ba, Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr and Zn, in blood plasma and in femora of Feral pigeons (Columba livia) in three localities: Mitrovica town-industrial area, Peja townurban area and Lukina villagerural area. The plasma level of Ba in pigeons from Mitrovica is higher than in pigeons from Peja and Lukina. The plasma level of Fe, Mg and Zn of Mitrovica pigeons, is moderately higher than in Peja and Lukina. The concentration of Ba, Fe, Sr and Zn in femora of pigeons from Mitrovica is higher than in Lukina. B, Fe, Mg, Mn, Sr and Zn concentration in femora of Peja pigeons, are higher than in Lukina, while B, Fe, Mn, Sr and Zn are higher than in Mitrovica. The Pb concentration in femora of Mitrovica pigeons, is critically higher. The accumulation of Ba in blood plasma and concentration of B, Ba, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr and Zn, in femora of Mitrovica pigeons, draws attention to the potential hazard to the children of that area. Feral pigeons can be useful organisms for chronic evaluation of environmental pollution with
Crossing the boundaries of the organization: The relationship between transformational leadership and work-family conflict

Although some studies have examined the direct relationship between transformational leadership and work-family conflict, few studies have investigated the psychological mechanisms that explain such relationship. We propose that the perceptions of procedural and interactional justice can mediate such relationship. We applied a survey questionnaire to 466 employees from three Colombian organizations. Our results from structural equation modelling analyses revealed that the relationship between transformational leadership and work-family conflict was completely mediated by the perception of interactional justice only. Thus, we conclude that by adopting transformational leadership style, managers/supervisors can promote perception of interactional justice which, in turn, seems to allow employees to better manage the interface of their work and family lives.
HIV/AIDS Preventive Practice and Associated Factors among Female Sex Workers in Afar Region, Ethiopia: A Community Based Study

Background Female Sex Workers (FSWs) are a high-risk population for Human Immune Virus (HIV) infection. However, HIV related services for sex workers are given little attention in developing nations like Ethiopia. Thus, this study attempted to assess HIV preventive practice and associated factors among FSWs in the Afar region. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 419 FSWs from April 1st to May 2nd in 2018 in four hotspot towns (i.e. Logia, Mille, Gedamayitu and Awash) found in Afar region. The study participants were selected using snowball sampling technique. The sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected using face-to-face interview. Logistic regression analyses were done to determine factors associated with HIV prevention practices. The statistically significant level was declared at a P-value < 0.05. Results The HIV/AIDS preventive practice among FSWs was 61.1% [95% CI 56.2% – 65.9%]. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being single [AOR=2.57: 95% CI 1.06, 6.21: P<0.05] and urban residence before being FSWs [AOR= 3.26: 95% CI 1.25, 8.54: P<0.05] were found to be enhancing factors of the preventive practice of HIV/AIDS. However, being illiterate [AOR=0.133: 95% CI 0.032, 0.557: P<0.01], young age [AOR=0.065: 95% CI 0.021, 0.196: P<0.001], being alcohol drinker [AOR= 0.104: 95% CI 0.026, 0.417: P<0.01], being cigarette smoker [AOR= 0.096: 95% CI 0.022, 0.414: P<0.01] and lack of aware of HIV transmission [AOR= 0.08: 95% CI 0.03, 0.22: P<0.001] were the hindering factors of the preventive practice of HIV among FSWs. Conclusion The HIV/AIDS preventive practice among FSWs in Afar region hotspot towns (61.1%) is still very low compared to the country progress report on HIV response for FSWs (98%). The regional health bureau should design inclusive strategies to improve the HIV preventive practice among FSWs. These includes regular HIV testing campaigns, sustainable condom distribution in the hotspot towns. The region should encourage NGOs to work on inclusive HIV prevention upon FSWs. Female sex workers should be aware of the risky behaviors that lead to HIV. Additional qualitative methods are also recommended.
WR_3_2008 02 Kosikova.indd

Th e yeast-degradation of lipophilic extractives in sound and biologically decayed beech was examined. All tested yeast strains Sporobolomyces salmonicolor, Geotrichum capitatum and Geotrichum klebahnii removed higher amount extractives from sound wood than from decayed wood. Th e degradation of extractives was examined by HPLC and FTIR spectroscopy of acetone extracts obtained by the extraction of beech wood samples before and after yeast treatment. It was revealed that the used yeast microorganisms remove from 40 to 60 % of extractives. Sp. salmonicolor was the most effi cient yeast strain in degrading extractive constituents. Th e obtained results are contribution to development of new biological approaches for controlling pitch problems in pulp and paper mills.
Investigation of Risk Acceptance and Expectations in Hand and Foot Allotransplantations.

Purpose: Composite tissue allotransplantation is a new therapeutic modality to reconstruct major tissue defects of the head and neck region and extremities. However, there is a serious ethical debate about whether the risks posed by the life-long immunosuppression that a recipient would have to take justify the benefits of receiving this non-life saving procedure. The purpose of this study is to examine differences between expert and non-expert groups in risk acceptance and expectations regarding hand and foot allotransplantations. Methods: The author conducted a survey of 345 subjects in total (lay public n=110; medical students, n=120; doctors, n=115), using a questionnaire-based instrument, the Louisville Instrument for Transplantation (translated to Korean). Results: Of the three groups studied, risk acceptance was found to be lowest in the doctor group and highest in the non-expert group, and the difference was significant (p
Does Information on Automated Driving Functions and the Way of Presenting It before Activation Influence Users' Behavior and Perception of the System?

Information on automated driving functions when automation is not activated but is available have not been investigated thus far. As the possibility of conducting non-driving related activities (NDRAs) is one of the most important aspects when it comes to perceived usefulness of automated cars and many NDRAs are time-dependent, users should know the period for which automation is available, even when not activated. This article presents a study (N = 33) investigating the effects of displaying the availability duration before—versus after—activation of the automation on users’ activation behavior and on how the system is rated. Furthermore, the way of addressing users regarding the availability on a more personal level to establish “sympathy” with the system was examined with regard to acceptance, usability, and workload. Results show that displaying the availability duration before activating the automation reduces the frequency of activations when no NDRA is executable within the automated drive. Moreover, acceptance and usability were higher and workload was reduced as a result of this information being provided. No effects were found with regard to how the user was addressed.
The MAP/G/1 G-Queue with Unreliable Server and Multiple Vacations

In this paper, we consider a MAP/G/1 G‐queues with unreliable server and multiple vacations . The arrival of a negative customer not only removes the customer being in service, but also makes the server under repair. The server leaves for a vacation as soon as the system empties and is allowed to take repeated (multiple) vacations. By using the supplementary variables method and the censoring technique, we obtain the queue length distributions. We derive the mean of the busy period based on the renewal theory. Furthermore, we analyze some main reliability indexes and investigate some important special cases.
APPROXIMATION METHODS FOR FIXED POINTS OF HEMICONTRACTIVE OPERATORS IN HILBERT SPACES

In this work, the improved generalized iteration method introduced by Owojori and Imoru [7] is considered to investigate the fixed points of hemicontractive operators in Hilbert space. Our results here represent some improvements and extensions of the earlier results of Ishikawa [4], Deng and Ding [3], Chidume [1], Chidume and Osilike [2], Owojori and Imoru [6], Qihou [8], Liu [5] and Xu [10] from Lipschitz or continuous pseudocontractive operators to slightly more general continuous hemicontractive operators and from the Mann and Ishikawa iteration methods, with and without errors, to more general improved iteration method. Mathematics Subject Classification 2000: 47H04,47H06, 47H10.
Corporate governance mechanism and risk disclosure by Islamic banks in Indonesia

The disclosure of risk by Islamic banks is very important, as this openness of information is emphasized in Islamic teachings. The purpose of this article is to provide empirical evidence regarding the influence of the number of members of the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) and their cross membership, the debt and the Syirkah fund ratio (investment accounts), the composition of the board of commissioners, the number of audit committee members, and the amount of assets on risk disclosure by Indonesian Islamic banks.
Molecular Characterization and optimization of Bioactive Compounds Production of three Actinomycetes spp Isolated from Waste Dump Soil from Western Uganda

The study was designed to investigate the effect of growth culture conditions, namely: Media composition, incubation period, temperature and pH on the production of antimicrobial compounds from three selected actinomycetes isolated from waste dump soil in Western Uganda. Molecular characterizations of these selected isolates were also carried out. Optimization processes were assessed using shake-flask cultures on eight different media, Portion of filtered fermentation broths were assayed using agar well diffusion method. The remaining portions were extracted using water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents. The extracts were dried and re-dissolved in 2.5% dimethyl sulphoxide to concentration of 2.5mg/ml and tested for antimicrobial activity using agar well diffusion method. Three selected isolates were characterized using conventional PCR and sequenced using Sanger methods. The results showed that, Modified Nutrient broth supplemented with carbon sources (soluble starch and Glycerol at half each) at 12-18g/l, 0816g/l and 10-18g/l for BRWDc (SP), KBMWDSb6 (M6) and KBRWDSa3 (RF) respectively produced optimum concentration of bioactive compounds. NaCl at concentration of 17-19g/l was found to be suitable for optimum bioactive compound production. The best optimized results were found when cultures were grown under the following conditions: temperature (30-35oC), pH (7.0-7.5) and incubation period (168h). Aqueous and ethanol extracts gave optimum bioactive activity for all the three organisms. The identification of 16SrDNA gene showed that, the three isolates belong to phylum actinobacteria into the genus Streptomycetes. This study showed that media compositions, cultural conditions and solvents for extraction play role in bioactive compound production in these actinomycetes isolates.
Reassessing the Foreign Ownership Wage Premium in Germany

Thispaperevaluatesthee? ectofforeigntakeoveronwagesofworkersinGerman establishments, using rich linked employer-employee data from 2003 to 2014. To identify a causal e? ect of foreign takeover, we combine propensityscore matching with a di? erence-in-di? erence estimator. We ? nd that a takeoverbyaforeigninvestorleadstoawagepremiumof4.0logpointsinthe year after ownership change, which further increases to 6.3 log points three years after acquisition. The wage premium is largest for high-skilled workers and higher for managers than for non-managers. We also show that the wage premium does not pick up an exporter e? ect due to a platform investment of the foreign owner, that it takes four to ? ve years before it fully develops, and that the wage increase is speci? c to foreign acquisition instead of ownership change per se.