Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unified theory of the ab-plane and c-axis penetration depths of underdoped cuprates

We formulate a model describing the doping (x) and temperature (T) dependence of the $\mathrm{ab}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{e}$ and c-axis penetration depth of a cuprate superconductor. The model incorporates the suppression of the superfluid density with underdoping as the system approaches the Mott-Hubbard insulating state by augmenting a d-wave BCS model with a phenomenological charge renormalization factor that is vanishingly small for states away from the nodes of the d-wave pair potential but close to unity in the vicinity of the nodes. The c-axis penetration depth is captured within a model of incoherent electron tunneling between the ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ planes. Application of this model to the recent experimental data on the high-purity single crystals of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{6+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ implies existence of a ``nodal protectorate,'' a k-space region in the vicinity of the nodes whose size decreases in proportion to x, in which d-wave quasiparticles remain sharp even as the system teeters on the brink of becoming an insulator. The superfluid density, which is extremely small for these samples, also appears to come exclusively from these protected nodal regions.
The effect of different management systems on milk yield and milk quality in Awassi sheep.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of concentrate-based feeding (CF) and artificial pasture-based grazing (APG) management systems on milk yield, fatty acids, nutritional indices, and milk physicochemical characteristics of Awassi ewes. The research involved 300 heads of Awassi ewes, which were divided into two groups. Awassi sheep were managed in a CF and APG system to test the milk yield characteristics. The results showed a significant ( P < 0.01 ) difference in milk yield and lactation length between CF and APG management systems of ewes. The average daily milk yield showed a nonsignificant difference for both management systems, and no significant changes ( P > 0.05 ) in the chemical composition of CF and APG management systems were observed. Palmitic (C16:0), myristic (C14:0), stearic (C18:0) capric (C10:0), and lauric (C12:0) acids were the major saturated fatty acids found in milk from both management systems. The level of linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6) was significantly different in both treatments ( P < 0.05 ), but the linolenic (C18:3 n-3) acid level was nonsignificant in milk from the CF and APG management systems. The hypocholesterolemic / hypercholesterolemic (h / H) fatty acid and thrombogenicity (TI) ratios were significantly different ( P < 0.05 ); however, the atherogenicity (AI) had no significant difference between confined and grazing systems. In conclusion, it can be said that the lactation length and lactation milk yield were prolonged by the APG management system, though the milk composition and quality were not significantly affected.
Rotating quantum thermal distribution

We show that the rigidly rotating quantum thermal distribution on flat space-time suffers from a global pathology which can be cured by introducing a cylindrical mirror if and only if it has a radius smaller than that of the speed-of-light cylinder. When this condition is met, we demonstrate numerically that the renormalized expectation value of the energy-momentum stress tensor corresponds to a rigidly rotating thermal bath up to a finite correction except on the mirror where there are the usual Casimir divergences.
X-shooting GRBs at high redshift: probing dust production history*

Evolved asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and Type Ia supernovae (SNe) are important contributors to the elements that form dust in the interstellar medium of galaxies, in particular, carbon and iron. However, they require at least a Gyr to start producing these elements, therefore, a change in dust quantity or properties may appear at high redshifts. In this work, we use extinction of γ-ray burst (GRB) afterglows as a tool to look for variations in dust properties at z ≥ 3. We use a spectroscopically selected sample of GRB afterglows observed with the VLT/X-shooter instrument to determine extinction curves out to high redshifts. We present 10 new z ≥ 3 X-shooter GRBs of which six are dusty. Combining these with individual extinction curves of three previously known z ≥ 3 GRBs, we find an average extinction curve consistent with the SMC-Bar. A comparison with spectroscopically selected GRBs at all redshifts indicates a drop in visual extinction (AV) at z > 3.5 with no moderate or high-extinction bursts. We check for observational bias using template spectra and find that GRBs up to z ∼ 8 are detectable with X-shooter up to AV ∼ 0.3 mag. Although other biases are noted, a uniformly low dust content above z > 3.5 indicates a real drop, suggesting a transition in dust properties and/or available dust building blocks. The remarkable increase in dust content at z 3.5 dust drop could be the result of low stellar masses of GRB host galaxies.
Medical and Surgical Care of Critical Burn Patients: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence and Practice

Critically ill burn patients pose several unique challenges to care providers. The concepts of fluid resuscitation, nutritional management, organ support and wound care are rapidly evolving. There is a pressing need to review emerging evidence and incorporate these into practice for the effective management of burn patients. We have searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to review the current evidence on the acute care management of adult as well as paediatric burn patients. The rationales for current practices have been integrated into the review. The management of critically ill burn patients requires an in-depth knowledge of the pathophysiology of burn injury, a tailored approach for timely resuscitation, timely diagnosis of organ specific problems, and comprehensive wound care. This review will help the doctors and healthcare providers involved in the management of critical burn patients in their day-to-day practice.
Properties of bottomonium in a relativistic quark model

The mass spectrum of $b\bar{b}$ states has been obtained using the phenomenological relativistic quark model (RQM). The Hamiltonian used in the investigation has confinement potential and confined one gluon exchange potential (COGEP). In the frame work of RQM a study of M1 and E1 radiative decays of $b\bar{b}$ states have been made. The weak decay widths in the spectator quark approximation have been estimated. An overall agreement is obtained with the experimental masses and decay widths.
Extremal problems of distance geometry related to energy integrals

Let K be a compact set, XT a prescribed family of (possibly signed) Borel measures of total mass one supported by K, and f a continuous real-valued function on K x K. We study the problem of determining for which , e Y1 (if any) the energy integral I(K, A) = IKIKf(X, y)dgXx)dgXy) is maximal, and what this maximum is. The more symmetry K has, the more we can say; our results are best when K is a sphere. In particular, when X is atomic we obtain good upper bounds for the sums of powers of all (2) distances determined by n points on the surface of a sphere. We make use of results from Schoenberg's theory of metric embedding, and of techniques devised by Polya and Szego for the calculation of transfinite diameters. 1. Background and summary of results. In this paper we will investigate a number of extremal problems in distance geometry. Our work is in many ways analogous to the study of energy integrals in classical potential theory. Let K be a compact set in a Euclidean space and 51 be a prescribed family of Borel measures (possibly signed) of total mass one supported by K. Suppose f is a continuous real-valued function on K x K. We consider the family of integrals having the form (1.1) I(K, = | f (x, y) d1(x)d1d(y), it E 1. A number of interesting questions naturally arise concerning 1(K), the supremum of the numbers I(K, pi) with it in Vl: (i) What is the numerical value of I(K)? (ii) Does there exist a y0 in V1I such that I(K, Io) = 1(K)? (iii) If y0 exists, is this measure unique? (iv) Can an extremal measure [t be explicitly produced? Received by the editors March 20, 1973 and, in revised form, April 20, 1973. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 52A25, 52A40.
Integral Role of the Mitochondrial Ribosome in Supporting Ovarian Function: MRPS7 Variants in Syndromic Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

The mitochondrial ribosome is critical to mitochondrial protein synthesis. Defects in both the large and small subunits of the mitochondrial ribosome can cause human disease, including, but not limited to, cardiomyopathy, hypoglycaemia, neurological dysfunction, sensorineural hearing loss and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). POI is a common cause of infertility, characterised by elevated follicle-stimulating hormone and amenorrhea in women under the age of 40. Here we describe a patient with POI, sensorineural hearing loss and Hashimoto’s disease. The co-occurrence of POI with sensorineural hearing loss indicates Perrault syndrome. Whole exome sequencing identified two compound heterozygous variants in mitochondrial ribosomal protein 7 (MRPS7), c.373A>T/p.(Lys125*) and c.536G>A/p.(Arg179His). Both novel variants are predicted to be pathogenic via in-silico algorithms. Variants in MRPS7 have been described only once in the literature and were identified in sisters, one of whom presented with congenital sensorineural hearing loss and POI, consistent with our patient phenotype. The other affected sister had a more severe disease course and died in early adolescence due to liver and renal failure before the reproductive phenotype was known. This second independent report validates that variants in MRPS7 are a cause of syndromic POI/Perrault syndrome. We present this case and review the current evidence supporting the integral role of the mitochondrial ribosome in supporting ovarian function.
On understanding madness: A paradoxical view

ABSTRACT In this article, I will examine the question why it is so difficult to understand madness. First, I will examine what the third-person approach of psychosis or madness has to offer, and where its limitations lie with respect to its proper understanding. Next I will examine if and how the first-person perspective on madness contributes to our understanding. I will demonstrate that there is a stalemate between third- and first-person perspectives, which on the one hand hinders a free sight on madness, but which is on the other hand exemplary of the problem that is presented by madness. This turns out to be a paradox that haunts both the concept and experience of madness itself, as well as those who try to understand it. In the fourth section, I will unpack some of the operations of the paradox as it is found both in philosophy and madness, both by their producers as by their consumers. In the fifth section, I will tentatively sketch (im)possibilities of escaping paradoxes.
Complex Molecules in the Hot Core of the Low-Mass Protostar NGC 1333 IRAS 4A

We report the detection of complex molecules (HCOOCH3, HCOOH, and CH3CN), signposts of a hot core-like region, toward the low-mass Class 0 source NGC 1333 IRAS 4A. This is the second low-mass protostar in which such complex molecules have been searched for and reported, the other source being IRAS 16293-2422. It is therefore likely that compact (a few tens of AU) regions of dense and warm gas, where the chemistry is dominated by the evaporation of grain mantles and where complex molecules are found, are common in low-mass Class 0 sources. Given that the chemical formation timescale is much shorter than the gas hot-core crossing time, it is not clear whether the reported complex molecules are formed on the grain surfaces (first-generation molecules) or in the warm gas by reactions involving the evaporated mantle constituents (second-generation molecules). We do not find evidence for large differences in the molecular abundances, normalized to the formaldehyde abundance, between the two solar-type protostars, suggesting perhaps a common origin.
A complicated tale of an acquired tracheoesophageal fistula: A case report

Background: Esophageal atresia (EA) with distal trachea-esophageal fistula (TEF), the most common variety of EA, is managed by primary end-to-end anastomosis. Recurrent TEF constitutes the most difficult-to-manage complication of the primary repair and has an incidence of 2% to15%. Case Presentation: We present a case of rare recurrent TEF after primary repair of EA. The difficulties faced in view of the COVID pandemic and difficult diagnosis are discussed. We share our experience in the successful management of acquired TEF and lessons learned. Conclusion: Recurrent trachea-esophageal fistula is one of the rare and challenging complications to manage. The surgical option carries the best overall prognosis.
The extended ROSAT-ESO Flux-Limited X-ray Galaxy Cluster Survey (REFLEX II) - VII. The mass function of galaxy clusters

The mass function of galaxy clusters is a sensitive tracer of the gravitational evolution of the cosmic large-scale structure and serves as an important census of the fraction of matter bound in large structures. We obtain the mass function by fitting the observed cluster X-ray luminosity distribution from the REFLEX galaxy cluster survey to models of cosmological structure formation. We marginalise over uncertainties in the cosmological parameters as well as those of the relevant galaxy cluster scaling relations. The mass function is determined with an uncertainty less than 10% in the mass range 3 x 10^12 to 5 x 10^14 M$_\odot$. For the cumulative mass function we find a slope at the low mass end consistent with a value of -1, while the mass rich end cut-off is milder than a Schechter function with an exponential term exp($- M^\delta$) with $\delta$ smaller than 1. Changing the Hubble parameter in the range $H_0 = 67 - 73 km s^-1 Mpc^{-1}$ or allowing the total neutrino mass to have a value between 0 - 0.4 eV causes variations less than the uncertainties. We estimate the fraction of mass locked up in galaxy clusters: about 4.4% of the matter in the Universe is bound in clusters (inside $r_200$) with a mass larger than 10^14 M$_\odot$ and 14% to clusters and groups with a mass larger than 10^13 M$_\odot$ at the present Universe. We also discuss the evolution of the galaxy cluster population with redshift. Our results imply that there is hardly any clusters with a mass > 10^15 M$_\odot$ above a redshift of z = 1.
Bayesian Emulation and Calibration of a Stochastic Computer Model of Mitochondrial DNA Deletions in Substantia Nigra Neurons

This article considers the problem of parameter estimation for a stochastic biological model of mitochondrial DNA population dynamics using experimental data on deletion mutation accumulation. The stochastic model is an attempt to describe the hypothesized link between deletion accumulation and neuronal loss in the substantia nigra region of the human brain. Inference for the parameters of the model is complicated by the fact that the model is both analytically intractable and slow to sample from. We show how the stochastic model can be approximated using a simple parametric statistical model with smoothly varying parameters. These parameters are treated as unknown functions and modeled using Gaussian process priors. Several simplifications of our Bayesian model are implemented to ease the computational burden. Throughout the article, we validate our models using predictive simulations. We demonstrate the validity of our fitted model on an independent dataset of substantia nigra neuron survival.
Mechanically tunable conjugated polymer distributed feedback lasers

Herein we report a low-threshold organic laser device based on semiconducting poly(9,9′-dioctylfluoren-2,7-diyl-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) encapsulated in a mechanically stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. We take advantage of the natural flexibility of PDMS to alter the periodicity of the distributed feedback grating which in turn tunes the gain wavelength at which the resonant feedback is obtained. This way, we demonstrate that low-threshold lasing [6.1 μJ cm−2 (5.3 nJ)] is maintained over a large stretching range of 0%–7% which translates into a tuning range of about 20 nm.
Comparing human coding to two natural language processing algorithms in aspirations of people affected by Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Qualitative methods can enhance our understanding of constructs that have not been well portrayed and enable nuanced depiction of experience from study participants who have not been broadly studied. However, qualitative data require time and effort to train raters to achieve validity and reliability. This study compares recent advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) models with human coding. This web-based study (N=1,253; 3,046 free-text entries, averaging 64 characters per entry) included people with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), their siblings, and a representative comparison group. Human raters (n=6) were trained over multiple sessions in content analysis as per a comprehensive codebook. Three prompts addressed distinct aspects of participants’ aspirations. Unsupervised NLP was implemented using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), which extracts latent topics across all the free-text entries. Supervised NLP was done using a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model, which requires training the algorithm to recognize relevant human-coded themes across free-text entries. We compared the human-, LDA-, and BERT-coded themes. Study sample contained 286 people with DMD, 355 DMD siblings, and 997 comparison participants, age 8-69. Human coders generated 95 codes across the three prompts and had an average inter-rater reliability (Fleiss’s kappa) of 0.77, with minimal rater-effect (pseudo R2=4%). Compared to human coders, LDA does not yield easily interpretable themes. BERT correctly classified only 61-70% of the validation set. LDA and BERT required technical expertise to program and took approximately 1.15 minutes per open-text entry, compared to 1.18 minutes for human raters including training time. LDA and BERT provide potentially viable approaches to analyzing large-scale qualitative data, but both have limitations. When text entries are short, LDA yields latent topics that are hard to interpret. BERT accurately identified only about two thirds of new statements. Humans provided reliable and cost-effective coding in the web-based context. The upfront training enables BERT to process enormous quantities of text data in future work, which should examine NLP’s predictive accuracy given different quantities of training data.
Being Dr. Mom and/or Mom, Ph.D.: Autoethnographies of MotherScholaring during COVID–19

This article examines how the COVID–19 pandemic impacts five MotherScholars, mothers and scholars blending their maternal and academic identities, through the use of interactive interviewing, autoethnography, and narrative. The narratives are presented from four distinct times during the first 10–months of the COVID–19 pandemic: beginning (March through May of 2020), the middle (summer of 2020), the perpetuated middle (fall semester 2020), and present day (December 2020). The narratives capture how we, as five MotherScholars, negotiated between maternal and academic roles under pandemic conditions, ultimately unveiling our MotherScholar identity. The article concludes by drawing attention to the value of women colleagues and friendships for social support, the role of narratives to reshape family stories, and the impetus for institutions of higher education to assist MotherScholars.
Possibly interacting Vorontsov-Velyaminov galaxies II. The 6-m telescope spectroscopy of VV 080, 131, 499, 523 and 531

In continuation of the program formulated in Paper I we present results of long-slit spectroscopy with the Russian 6-m telescope of five more objects from the Vorontsov-Velyaminov (hereafter VV) Atlas and Catalogue of Interacting galaxies. These are the galaxies for which the interaction is not evident, although all of them are classified as multiple systems (usually as "nests", "chains" and similar systems). The spectrophotometry data enable us to derive for all galaxies abundances of O, and for some of them abundances of N, Ne and S. For two of them chemical abundances are given for the first time. In spectra of three of the studied galaxies (Oiii)4363 line is measured, and Te and oxygen abundance are derived by the classical method. For the two others, empirical methods are used. For all 5 galaxies, the radial velocity distribution along the slit was obtained in the H-line. The studied galaxies represent a rather mixed sample: from very low luminosity irregular galaxies, like VV 499 (DDO 053), to rather bright VV 523 (NGC 3991). Their metallicities vary from Z 1=25 Z for VV 499 to1/2 Z for VV 523. The morphology of these galaxies ranges between typical dIrr (VV 080) through ring-like (VV 131) to clumpy Irr (VV 523). Position-Velocity diagrams in the H-line along the galaxy body imply the existence of large-scale ionized gas outflows/supershells around the sites of intense current and/or recent SF activity. Sizes of supershells vary in the range of several hundred pc to2 kpc. For all studied galaxies we examine their local environment and indicate the nearest neighbouring objects capable of inducing the observed enhanced star formation.
Characteristics of Aeolian Dust Observed by Sky-Radiometer in the Intensive Observation Period 1 (IOP1)( ADEC-Aeolian Dust Experiment on Climate Impact-)

A sky-radiometer network was developed in order to investigate the characteristics of aeolian dust on the way of transportation from the source region to the Japan area. From the analysis of the sky-radiometer data, optical thickness in the visible to near infrared regions and size spectrum from radius 0.0l to 5 μm can be obtained. Five observation sites are set at Aksu, Qira, Shapotou, Qingdao, and Beijing in China, and four observation sites at Naha, Fukuoka, Nagoya and Tsukuba in Japan. The data of six observation sites (Qira, Shapotou, Naha, Fukuoka, Nagoya and Tsukuba) are automatically transferred to Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) through telephone lines.The following results were obtained from the data analysis of intensive observation period (IOP) in Apri1, 2002. (1) The data with Angstrom exponent between 0.0 and 0.5 corresponds to the dust event day data. (2) The contribution of the particles with radius greater than 0.5 μm, which correspond to coarse dust particles, to the total optical thickness frequently exceeds more than ∼70% in the source region, and exceeds in Qingdao and sites in Japan on the dust event day. (3) The contribution of particles with radius greater than 0.5 μm to the total volume is more than ∼80% on the dust event day. (4) The retrieved volume spectrum in the source region, Aksu and Qira, is not dependent on the optical thickness. This means that the floating aerosols mainly consist of dust particles in the source region. (5) The total volume observed in Japan sites is one third of that in the source region. (6) When the size distribution for the coarse mode (r > 0.5 μm) is approximated by log-normal size distribution, effective radius reff is 2.1 to 2.3 μm in China sites and 1.6 to 1.8 μm in Japan sites. rg is about 0.7 μm at Aksu, Qira, and Shapotou and about 0.5 μm at other sites (ln rg is the center of log-normal size distribution). The width of size distribution (σg) is scattered between O.67 and O.87. These difference of size distribution among the observation sites are caused by the modification of air mass including aeolian dust; coarser dust particles are partially removed during the transportation, and the air mass including aeolian dust as a main component are partially contaminated by the aerosol into the atmosphere from anthropogenic activities. The observation network of ADEC caught this change clearly.