Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Tool in the Development of Celiac Disease: Sense of Coherence Score

Introduction: Sense of Coherence (SOC) is a theoretical construct that was developed to explain why some people become ill and others do not, regardless of stressful events. Low SOC was reported to correlate with the development of several multifactorial, chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and systemic lupus erythematosus. Aims: To compare the SOC scores of patients diagnosed with celiac disease (CD) and matched healthy controls to investigate possible correlations between low SOC scores and CD. Patients and Methods: Patients provided demographic data and completed the 13-item SOC questionnaire. Patients in the study cohort were matched to healthy controls according to age, gender, education, income, employment status and marital status. Results: A total of 239 CD patients and 124 healthy controls answered the SOC questionnaire. Among them,124 patients were matched to the healthy cohort according to propensity score. CD patients had a median SOC score of 57 (IQR 52.25-62), and controls 65.5 (IQR 57-75) pConclusions: SOC reflects a person's resources and orientation which enable individuals to cope with stressors in a way that promotes health. Lower SOC score is correlated with the development of CD.
The Effect of Post-Cooking Holding Times on Sensory Assessment of Low- and High-Fat Beefburgers

The effect of post-cooking bolding-time on sensory assessment of low (89 g/kg) and high (218 g/kg) fat beefhurgers was assessed. Burgers were served to panelists approximately 3 or 18 min after cooking. Fat content influenced fattiness, moistness/juiciness and overall appearance (P En situation commerciale, les steacks haches de boeuf peuvent subir une attente apres cuisson pouvant aller jusqu'a 20mn avant d'etre servis. Cette etude determine l'effet d'une attente de 3 a 18 mn apres cuisson de steacks de boeuf alleges en matiere grasse (89g/kg) et riches (218g/kg) sur leur evaluation sensorielle. Les resultats montrent que le temps d'attente avant le service n'a pas d'effet sur les proprietes sensorielles de ces produits.
Interpreting Variation in Bird Migration Times as Observed by Volunteers

Abstract As a result of changes in climate over the past 100 years, many birds are arriving at points along their migration routes earlier in the spring now than they did in the past. Increasingly, researchers are relying on a variety of data sources, such as naturalist journals and bird-club records, to document migration times. However, it is not clear whether researchers can successfully use different sources of data to compare changes in migration times. We examined 25 years of changes in migration times for 30 species of birds at Mt. Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts, as documented by bird-club members and published in a regional bird journal. We found that, overall, birds arrived earlier in warmer springs in eastern Massachusetts. We compared our findings with those of previous studies in Massachusetts, which included data from a standardized bird-banding station and observations from a naturalist's journal and bird-club records. On a species-by-species basis, changes in migration times were not correlated among the studies. We believe that local changes in population sizes and sampling effort at some of the sites may have contributed to the lack of correlation. For the purpose of comparing changes in migration times across species and locations, standardized bird-banding data are preferable to data collected by volunteer naturalists. However, naturalist data sources are useful and reflect the widely observed trend toward earlier migrations in warm springs.
Wave Front Steepness and Influence on Horizontal Deck Impact Loads

In design storm sea states, wave-in-deck forces need to be analysed for fixed and floating offshore platforms. Due to the complex physics of wave impact phenomena, numerical analyses should be complemented by model test data. With a large statistical variability, such experiments usually involve running many 3-h storm realisations. Efforts are being done to establish efficient procedures and still obtain improved statistical accuracy, by means of an initial simplified screening based on parameters derived from the incident wave record only. Here, we investigate the vertical rise velocity of the incident wave elevation at a fixed point in space, which indirectly measures both the local slope and the near-surface orbital velocity. A derived simple deck slamming model is also suggested, to support the check of the physical basis of the approach. Correlation against data from a GBS wave-in-deck model test is used for checking this model. The results show that, although there is a significant random scatter in the measured impact forces, especially in the local slamming forces but also in the global forces, there is a correlation to the rise velocity. Comparisons to the simple load model also show promising results when seen on background of the complex physics and random scatter of the impact problem.
THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT ON LEAF WAX DEVELOPMENT IN BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. GEMMIFERA

Summary The influence of environmental conditions on the epicuticular waxes of the normal and four mutant forms of brussels sprout (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) has been studied. An increase in radiant energy rate, a decrease in humidity or a decrease in temperature induces the largest deposits of wax. Environmental conditions have only a limited effect on the compositions of the waxes of the normal and mutant lines but modify the size, configuration and distribution of the surface wax structures. A mechanism for the transport and subsequent organization of the wax on the plant surface is discussed.
Developmental Changes in Resistance to Herbivory: Implications for Individuals and Populations

The hypothesis that individual plants undergo predictable changes in their resistance to herbivory as they mature was experimentally tested. The performance of two species of insects transferred onto different-aged trees of the same naturally occurring clones of narrowleaf cottonwood, Populus angustifolia, showed opposing and significant changes in host resistance as a function of tree age. The gall-forming aphid Pemphigus betae was 70 times as common on mature trees as on juvenile trees. Transfer experiments demon- strated that this pattern is adaptive; survivorship on mature trees was 50% higher than on juvenile trees. The leaf-feeding beetle Chrysomela confluens exhibited opposite distribution on hosts, with densities 400 times as high on juvenile as on mature trees. This is also adaptive; larvae transferred to mature hosts had 50% lower survival and took 25% longer to reach adulthood than those transferred to juvenile trees. These survivorship and per- formance data and our inability to support the hypotheses of other mechanisms that would produce the observed distributions suggest that the distributions result from the insects' preferences for different-aged hosts. Several basic implications emerge. (1) Developmental changes in resistance and sus- ceptibility of hosts are important components in determining the distribution of herbivores. (2) A single plant can change rapidly in its resistance traits with age such that a 10-fold change in resistance can occur over a 2-yr period. (3) As trees mature, increased and decreased resistances to different herbivores can produce nonoverlapping herbivore dis- tributions that could be misinterpreted as being the result of competition (e.g., in this study, beetle abundance was strongly, negatively correlated with aphid abundance). (4) While host maturation processes have large effects on within- and between-tree variation in resistance to herbivores, the implications for herbivore population dynamics and community struc- turing have not been generally appreciated.
A Cross-sectional Assessment of Quality of Life among Pharmacy Academics

Introduction: These days, living a good quality life has become a luxury rather than a necessity and investigating the quality of life (QoL) across teaching professionals seems to be beneficial. This study aimed to determine the association between demographic and socioeconomic variables and the QoL among pharmacy academics. Methods: Stratified random sampling was applied to collect data using a pre-validated and selfadministered questionnaire the Duke Health Profile (DHP). Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) ver. 22.0 was used to analyze the descriptive and inferential data. Results: One hundred and fifty-five pharmacy academics were included in this study where majority 98 (63.2%) were males and 57 (36.8%) were females. The majority 74.2% weremarried and 68.4% were having more than 5 years of teaching experience. A total of 123 ofthe pharmacy academics were more than 35 years old which accounted for 79.4% of the respondents. Various determinants like age, residence, gender, administrative position, marital status, Original Research Article Iqbal et al.; JPRI, 32(5): 67-75, 2020; Article no.JPRI. 56341 68 monthly income, and teaching experience are the main factors affecting QoL among pharmacy academics. Conclusion: From the present study it could be concluded that QoL among pharmacy academics was significantly influenced by numerous socio-economic and demographic determinants.
Validation of the BEAMS3D neutral beam deposition model on Wendelstein 7-X

The neutral beam deposition model in the BEAMS3D code is validated against neutral beam attenuation data from Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X). A set of experimental discharges where the neutral beam injection system of W7-X was utilized were reconstructed. These discharges scanned the magnetic configurations and plasma densities of W7-X. The equilibrium reconstructions were performed using STELLOPT which calculates three-dimensional self-consistent ideal magnetohydrodynamic equilibria and kinetic profiles. These reconstructions leveraged new capabilities to incorporate electron cyclotron emission and x-ray imaging diagnostics in the STELLOPT code. The reconstructed equilibria and profiles served as inputs for BEAMS3D calculations of neutral beam deposition in W7-X. It is found that if reconstructed kinetic profiles are utilized, good agreement between measured and simulated beam attenuation is found. As deposition models provide initial conditions for fast-ion slowing down calculations, this work provides a first step towards validating our ability to predict fast ion confinement in stellarators.
Modulatory effects of medium chain fatty acids in poultry nutrition and health

SUMMARY With the current bans and limitations on antibiotics as growth promoters, feed additives, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and organic acids are widely used to inhibit the effects of pathogenic microorganisms on poultry health. Recently, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have become a focus of attention due to their potentially favourable antimicrobial effects. Fatty acids with a chain length between six and 12 carbon atoms are regarded as MCFAs. Research results showed that MCFAs are effective against a wide range of enteric microorganisms. They act by reducing colonisation of enteric bacteria (by an average of 44%, 78%, 79% and 66% for Campylobacter spp., Clostridium spp., Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli, respectively) in chicken intestines. Improved growth performance (by an average of 4% and 12% for body weight gain and feed conversion ratio, respectively) can be attributed to a healthier and more stable gut environment created by MCFAs. Moreover, dietary MCFAs may help to promote immune function, with reduced mortality reported of up to 20%. Trials have revealed that effective dosages include 2.9 g/kg caproic, 7.0 g/kg caprylic, 1.7 g/kg capric, 2.0 g/kg lauric, 2.5 g/kg monocaprin and 3.0 g/kg MCFAs in poultry diets. Studies indicated that MCFAs can reduce abdominal fat (by up to 30%) in broilers and reduce contaminated egg yolk and shells (up to 76% for Salmonella spp.), which is desired by consumers. Considering such benefits, MCFAs have the potential to be an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry nutrition and reduce the risk for antimicrobial resistance.
Public’ Perception, Awareness, Expectations and Experiences towards the Role of Community Pharmacists in Quetta City, Pakistan

Aim: The study is aimed to assess public perception, awareness, expectations and experiences towards the role of community pharmacists (CPs) in Quetta City, Pakistan. Methods: This was a questionnairebased, cross-sectional survey. Keeping the aim of the study in mind, a questionnaire was developed by the research team through mutual consensus, experience sharing and extensive literature review. By using an online calculator, 423 respondents were approached conveniently for the data collection. The SPSS v.20. 0 was used for data coding and analysis. Based on the objectives of the study, descriptive statistics were applied for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 30.61±9.95 and males dominated the group (318, 75.2%). Eighty-one percent of the respondents agreed that CPs provide consultation on how medicine works, identify and prevent errors and are good in explaining things to their level of understanding. Nearly 70% of the respondents expected CPs to take personal responsibility for resolving drug-related problems, to educate them about the appropriate use of medicines and to monitor the response of drug therapy. All respondents were positive when they were asked about their expectations from the CPs. Respondents agreed that CPs are a reliable source of drug information and are important healthcare professionals (80.4 and 77.3% respectively). Counseling was endorsed by 60% of the respondents while CPs were held responsible for resolving drug problems. Conclusion: Although the study findings revealed certain limitations, study respondents had positive attitudes, experiences and constructive expectations towards CPs. The findings also indicated consumer preferences for the evolution of community pharmacist professional services in Pakistan.
Pollution and recovery of Lake Orta (Italy): Resilience at work?

This paper attempts to fit the history of pollution and recovery of Lake Orta, Italy, to the ecological theory of resilience , or the ability to restore structure following perturbation. The evolution of this lake can be represented by a model of a folded surface. In the case of Lake Orta, a disturbance, represented by the onset of pollution in 1926, determined the transition to conditions of an extreme environment . If an opposite change is imposed on the environment (in this case, the liming of the whole lake), the model predicts that the ecosystem will not simply revert to the pathway that it has followed up to this point, but will evolve in a different way (hysteresis). Ultimately, the system could arrive either at similar (but never completely identical) conditions to those existing prior to the disturbance, or at some completely different state. The variations of phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, and fish in Lake Orta have been summarized by applying a stochastic exponential population growth model. This model succeeds in showing how resilience and resistance combine together, offering a fairly good description of both the pollution and the recovery of the lake. It can be concluded that at least nothing contradicts the hypothesis that past changes can be explained by the ecological theory of resilience and resistance.
Super‐sized MPAs and the marginalization of species conservation

Marine species conservation died prematurely early in the new millennium before it had a chance to grow and flourish. The revolution happened; the world turned and moved on to managing higher-order ecological processes and services. The revolutionary conservation and research agenda of the new millennium has at least four interrelated themes: super-sized marine protected areas (MPAs; Wood et al., 2008; Pala, 2013), the ecosystem approach to fisheries management (ICES, 2005), ecosystem services and the economic valuation of nature and the poverty alleviation paradigm (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005; Sachs et al., 2009; Roe, 2013), plus the outlying game-changer of climate change (Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno, 2010). These themes all involve higher-level aggregate attributes and values of biodiversity. Here, I pick one issue, MPAs, as a synecdoche – the part that may reflect the whole – of how conserving aggregate ecological attributes may dilute effective conservation. Traditionally,marine conservation has followed the terrestrial template of populationand species-specific interventions by local government, in many cases prompted by the efforts of non-governmental organizations. Those species closest to extinction have been painstakingly nursed back to viability one newborn at a time in zoo-based captive breeding programmes, before being reintroduced into the wild, often into newly restored or protected habitats (Redford et al., 2011). Governments also employ species protection legislation to minimize threats through enforced spatial protection of critical habitat, usually by protected areas and parks. On land, conservation has become increasingly strategic, especially with the advent of the mega-environmental non-governmental organizations (eNGOs, such as World Wildlife Fund, The Nature Conservancy, and Conservation International). An increasingly global-scale strategic approach to terrestrial conservation has been facilitated by in-house teams of conservation biologists who designed the most effective conservation outcomes, nationally and internationally. This creative environment led to one of the most iconoclastic papers in conservation biology – ‘Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities’ (Myers et al., 2000) – in which, the authors revealed the 25 terrestrial hotspots of exceptional
Frosthardiness development in Pinus sylvestris: The involvement of a K+-stimulated Mg2+-dependent ATPase from purified plasma membranes of pine

Purified plasma membranes were prepared from needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L., Provenance Sodra Ydre), and the behavior of a K+ stimulated Mg2+-dependent ATPase was studied. The microsomal fraction (1000-30 000 g) was used for partition in a dextranpolyethylene glycol two-phase system. Both upper and lower phases were washed twice with new upper and lower phase, respectively, yielding the fractions U3 and L3. After staining with STA (silicotungstic acid) and examining with an electron microscope, an enrichment of the plasma membranes in the U, phase was seen. This fraction was also enriched in K+ stimulated Mg2+-dependent ATPase. The ATPase was rather specific towards ATP compared to other nucleosides, and had a pH optimum between 6 and 7. The activity of this ATPase was followed during a frost hardening-dehardening cycle and showed an increased activity towards the end of the hardening period, whereas the activity decreased to normal during the dehardening period.
Influence of roughness and capillary size on the zeta potential values obtained by streaming potential measurements

Streaming potential measurements are performed to determine the zeta potential of flat surfaces, particles, or fibers. Although the zeta potential is a well‐defined property of solid surfaces in a liquid, there are indications that the absolute values of the zeta potential calculated using the Helmholtz‐Smoluchowski equation are affected by surface roughness and—in case of particle or fiber assemblies—their packing density. The study at hand investigates these influences using flat polymer surfaces with different roughness and topography and assemblies of basalt spheres. It was found that increasing roughness of the flat surface and larger size or smaller number of particles in particle assemblies result in flatter slopes of the streaming potential versus pressure and thus lower apparent absolute values of the zeta potential. The interpretation of streaming potential measurements should therefore not focus on absolute zeta potential values but on trends in pH‐ and concentration‐dependent measurements.
The Essential Role of Language in Survey Research

Language users, such as survey respondents and interviewers, must speak the same language literally and figuratively to interact with each other. As diversity grows in the United States and globally, interviewers and respondents may speak a different language or speak the same language differently that reflects their own cultural norms of communication. This book discusses the role of language in survey research when comparisons across groups, cultures, and countries are of interest. Language use in surveys is dynamic, including words, symbols (e.g., arrows), and even emojis. The entire survey life cycle is carried out through language. Researchers write or translate questions and instructions that will address research questions and then pretest them using various techniques, including qualitative inquiry that focuses on context beyond just “the numbers. ” Human or virtual data collectors use persuasive messages to communicate with survey respondents and encourage their survey participation. Respondents must comprehend and interpret survey questions and instructions to provide a response. All of these survey processes and products contribute to data quality, and the role of language is essential.
Low doses of fenofibrate and bezafibrate stimulate renal 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (2-OGDH) in protein-restricted rats

: 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (2-OGDH) is the key regulatory enzyme of cell metabolism. It has been previously demonstrated that in rats subjected to protein restriction low, clinically relevant doses of fibrates up-regulate liver 2-OGDH and promote 2-oxoglutarate catabolism. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of low doses of fenofibrate and bezafibrate on renal 2-OGDH complex in rats fed low-pro-tein chow. Fibrates were administered for 14 days to Wistar male rats at one daily dose of 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg b.wt. /day. The 2-OGDH activity was assayed spectrophotometrically. The mRNA levels for 2-OGDH catalytic subunits (E1 and E2) and PPAR α were quantified by means of semi-quantitative reverse-transcription-PCR. 2-OGDH activity increased in response to administration of fenofibrate and bezafibrate (by 11, 24, 32% and 9, 12, 21%, respectively). The difference was statistically significant for the doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg b.wt of fenofibrate (p < 0.001) and the highest dose of bezafibrate (p < 0.05). The stimulation of 2-OGDH was not accompanied by changes in mRNA levels for E1 and E2. In addition, the mRNA level for PPAR α did not change. It is conceivable that fibrate-induced stimulation of 2-OGDH activity can affect renal metabolism and contribute to changes in kidney functions.