Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Working Paper No 2008 / 13 M AY 2008 The Case for an Intermediate Exchange Rate Regime with Endogenising Market Structures and Capital Mobility : An Empirical Study of Brazil

Set in the context of the recent theoretical and policy debates on appropriate exchange rate regimes for emerging market economies in a world of free capital mobility, the primary objectives of this paper are: i) to present the case for an intermediate exchange rate regime, drawing on recent theoretical and empirical literatures on behavioural finance and currency market structures; and ii) to examine empirically the experiences and evolution of the foreign exchange market in Brazil. After a brief review of the policy debates in the introductory section (Section 1), we discuss theoretical discourses on appropriate exchange rate regimes for emerging market economies, drawing both on macroeconomic propositions and microeconomic market perspectives (Section 2). In Section 3, we discuss empirical studies of currency market conditions with focus on the most recent applications of behavioral finance models to currency markets. We emphasis the importance of endogenising structures of market conditions in our consideration of appropriate exchange rate regimes for emerging market economies Section 4 presents hypotheses for empirical tests, methodology adopted and empirical results. Finally, our brief concluding remarks are offered in Section 5.
HEAVY ELECTRONS: ELECTRON DROPLETS GENERATED BY PHOTOGALVANIC AND PYROELECTRIC EFFECTS

Electron clusters, X-rays and nanosecond radio-frequency pulses are produced by 100 mW continuous-wave laser illuminating ferroelectric crystal of LiNbO3. A long-living stable electron droplet with the size of about 100μm has freely moved with the velocity ~0.5 cm/s in the air near the surface of the crystal experiencing the Earth gravitational field. The microscopic model of cluster stability, which is based on submicroscopic mechanics developed in the real physical space, is suggested. The role of a restraining force plays the inerton field, a substructure of the particles' matter waves, which a solitary one can elastically withstand the Coulomb repulsion of electrons. It is shown that electrons in the droplet are heavy electrons whose mass exceeds the rest mass of free electron at least 1 million of times. Application for X-ray imaging and lithography is discussed.
Alcohol Consumption during Adulthood Does Not Impair Later Go/No-Go Reversal Learning in Male Rats

Reversal learning tasks are used to model flexible decision-making in laboratory animals, and exposure to drugs of abuse can cause long-term impairments in reversal learning. However, the long-term effects of alcohol on reversal learning have varied. We evaluated whether six weeks of voluntary alcohol consumption through chronic intermittent alcohol access (elevated by food restriction) in adult male rats would impair rats in a go/no-go reversal learning task when tested at an interval beyond acute withdrawal. In our go/no-go task, rats were reinforced for pressing one lever or withholding from pressing another lever, and the identities of the two levers were switched twice (once rats reached an accuracy criterion). We found no evidence that prior alcohol consumption altered discrimination or reversal learning in our task. This replicates previous patterns from our laboratory that higher alcohol consumption in food-restricted rats did not impair discrimination or reversal learning in a different go/no-go task and that alcohol consumption in free-fed adolescent/early adult rats did not impair go/no-go discrimination or reversal learning in the same task. It is unclear whether this represents an insensitivity of this task to alcohol exposure generally or whether an alcohol exposure procedure that leads to higher blood ethanol concentration (BEC) levels would impair learning. More research is needed to investigate these possibilities.
Shedding Light on the Factors That Influence Residential Demand Response in Japan

Residential demand response empowers the role of electricity consumers by allowing them to change their patterns of consumption, which can help balance the energy grid. Although such type of management is envisaged to play an increasingly important role in the integration of renewables into the grid, the factors that influence household engagement in these initiatives have not been fully explored in Japan. This study examines the influence of interpersonal, intrapersonal, and socio-demographic characteristics of households in Yokohama on their willingness to participate in demand response programs. Time of use, real time pricing, critical peak pricing, and direct load control were considered as potential candidates for adoption. In addition, the authors explored the willingness of households to receive non-electricity related information in their in-home displays and participate in a philanthropy-based peer-to-peer energy platform. Primary data were collected though a questionnaire survey and supplemented by key informant interviews. The findings indicate that household income, ownership of electric vehicles, socio-environmental awareness, perceived sense of comfort, control, and complexity, as well as philanthropic inclinations, all constitute drivers that influence demand flexibility. Finally, policy recommendations that could potentially help introduce residential demand response programs to a wider section of the public are also proposed.
Public Policy: Inconsistency of Online and Conventional Land Transportation Regulations in Indonesia on Social Conflict Implications

This scientific journal research analyzes a public policy on regulatory inconsistencies made by public officials that cause social conflict in society. The research problem focuses on PM 12/2019 regulations with UULLAJ/2009. The research approach method was qualitative. Creswell defines the qualitative method as a research method based on a constructive perspective, that is various meanings; meanings that are constructed socially and historically to develop a theory or pattern. The researchers collected and developed open data, intending to develop themes from the data obtained. This research aims to describe in depth the facts related to the inconsistency of regulations made by public officials which have an impact on the conflicts between the riders of online-based motorcycle taxi and conventional motorcycle taxi as land transportation in Indonesia. The data collection technique used document study. The observations carried out were passive participatory observations because the researchers only visited the research location and observed any events that occurred related to the conflict between online GOJEK riders and conventional OJEK riders in the research site. The research used interactive data analysis technique. Activities in data analysis consisted of: (1) data reduction; (2) data presentation; and (3) conclusion/verification. Based on the research data, it could be concluded that there were inconsistencies of public policy regulations regarding motorcycles (two-wheeled vehicles), as online-based public transportation vehicles based on PM 12/2019 with UULLAJ/2009, Article 47. In this case, motorcycles are not included in the category of public transportation types. The immediate solution should be made based on the results of research on online-based land transportation to date in Indonesia since it has not been regulated by regulations on public transportation. Moreover, the technology platform service providers can no longer deny that their services are actually public transportation services. Online-based land transportation must also be regulated in the form of laws and regulations on public transportation and under the law on road traffic and transportation. This indicates that Law Number 22 of 2009 on Road Traffic and Transportation needs to be revised, and at the same time provides legal protection for the regulations related to online-based land transportation.
The new waxy winter wheat cultivar ‘Minija DS’

The new waxy winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar ‘Minija DS’ was developed at the Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. The cultivar is very well adapted to harsh winter conditions. The mean cold tolerance score was 9.0 and surpassed the well adapted and widely grown standard cultivar ‘Skagen’ (score 8). The snow mould resistance (score 2.0) considerably surpassed that of the standard cultivars (4.0–6.0, mean score 4.9). The cultivar exhibits good grain pre-harvest sprouting resistance, which is important for stable grain quality after maturity. The cultivar can be grown under high input conditions; however, due to the low lodging resistance, maximal doses of plant growth regulators are necessary. The mean yield in 5 testing locations of the cultivar over three experimental years was 8.7 t ha-1, or 83.0%, compared to the yield of the standard cultivars. The mean protein content of ‘Minija DS’ was 13.5%, gluten content – 28.2%, sedimentation value – 31 mL, whereas the corresponding values of the standard cultivars were 12.6%, 25.2% and 43.0 mL, respectively. As a waxy winter wheat cultivar, ‘Minija DS’ has specific grain quality traits such as very low falling number – 65 s (mean of the standard cultivars – 340 s), lower flour output – 47% (67.2%) and higher dough water absorption – 73.5% (60.2%). The new cultivar is resistant to leaf rust and snow mould, medium resistant to powdery mildew but susceptible to leaf spot diseases, root rots and Fusarium head blight. The cultivar has been included in the Lithuanian National List of Plant Varieties and EU Database of Registered Plant Varieties.
Early detections of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and their use in COVID-19 epidemiological control

SARS-CoV-2 is a new type of coronavirus that is capable to infect humans and cause the severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19, a disease that has been causing enormous impacts across the whole Earth. COVID-19 patients, including mild, pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic cases, were often seen to contain infectious fragments of SARSCoV-2 in urine and feces samples. Thus, studies to detect the new coronavirus in wastewater, which collect and concentrate human excreta, have been extremely useful as a tool to monitor the virus spread in the communities. The surveillance, frequently used to elaborate economical non-invasive diagnoses about the circulation of chemicals and pollutants in populations, could be used as a quick alert about emerging and reemerging COVID-19 epidemics, improve the predictions concerning the SARS-CoV-2 dissemination and promote the development of better viral containment measures. Along that, the approach could be used to construct more accurately epidemiological models, foment better practices to coordinate resources an administer the vaccines, assess the propagation of SARS-CoV-2 variants across temporal and geographic scales, evaluate environmental risks and also the effectiveness of disinfection systems. In this review, it was addressed early reports regarding SARS-CoV-2 detections in wastewater and the importance of this valuable approach in the application of faster and more effective interventions from public health authorities, either towards the COVID-19 or any other epidemic disease in the future.
Does education shield against common mental disorders

The paper examines the causal effect of education on common individual mental disorders in adulthood. We use a representative population health survey and instrumental variable methods. The estimates point to mostly insignificant effects of education on common mental disorders. We find that the length of education reduces the BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) measure at the 10% significance level, but has no effect when using the GHQ-12 (12-item General Health Questionnaire) or the probability of severe depression as a measure of mental health. These results cast doubt on the view that the length of formal education would be a particularly important determinant of common mental disorders later in life.
Investigation of Heavy Metalloid Pollutants in the Earth's Environment Using Kriging Method and Hydrus Model 

The zoning of copper, nickel and lead heavy metals was investigated by using Kriging method in GIS environment using circular, spherical, exponential and Gaussian variorums. In addition, one-dimensional Hydrus modeling of water flow and heavy metals in the soil environment was simulated up to 50 cm depth for a 210-day period and the concentration of heavy metals to the root . depth was simulated. Distribution of lead element in soil surface with spherical model showed that its variation was in the range of 20 to 70 mg / kg. These values were 50-60 mg / kg for copper and 30 mg / kg for nickel. Investigation of heavy metals in the soil using the Hydrus model showed that the simulated value at the initial 0-15 cm depth has the highest value and at lower depths is decreased. Comparison of the concentrations of these elements with the standard allowed by the WHO showed that the lead element in this region was higher than the permissible level.
Confluences and Land Cover As Agents of Change: Temporal Habitat Variability Modifies the Movement and Assemblage Change of Headwater Fishes

Interspersed inputs of wood and sediment brings about morphological change at confluences and the extent to which these processes are modified by anthropogenic disturbance has ramifications for stream fish assemblages. In this study, we use three functional groups of headwater fishes to assess the influences of confluence size and land cover on habitat stability, distance moved, movement rate, and assemblage change in a Gulf Coastal Plain drainage in the southeastern United States using a 2X2 design. Our results suggest that differences in habitat stability were described by a hydrogeomorphic gradient, and urban reaches characterized by a confluence size > 0.6 displayed the greatest habitat instability. Water-column specialists in urban reaches were more likely to move when habitat change was limited, whereas movement by this functional group in forested reaches was more likely in response to greater habitat instability. Therefore, the distance moved by water-column specialists was related to land cover. Assemblage change also occurred at a more constant rate in urban reaches in response to habitat instability. There was little evidence that confluence size influenced movement or assemblage stability in these headwater assemblages. Our understanding of the extent to which land cover alters the geomorphic and ecological gradients associated with headwater confluences will be critical to ensure the conservation of sensitive species whose fitness is dependent on the integrity of these habitats.
Wideband dual-layer patch antenna fed by a modified L-strip

A wideband patch antenna is proposed. By using the dual-layer patch configuration and modified L-strip feed technique, the impedance bandwidth of the patch antenna for VSWR<1.2 is broadened to 22% with respect to 900 MHz, which is superior to the other available patch antennas. In addition, by means of the modified L-shaped strip, the high cross polarization levels of the proposed antenna are suppressed effectively. Simulation results are compared with the measurements, and a good agreement is obtained. The measurements show that the antenna has a low cross-polarization level (<-20dB) and an acceptable gain level (~9dBi) across the operating bandwidth. At last, a parametric study and a design guideline of the proposed antenna are also presented to facilitate the design and optimization processes for engineers.
Modified Hill Cipher Based Image Encryption Technique

: In the present advancing technology, data transmission of different multimedia like sensitive images, video, text is very important and security plays a dominant role in the fields of medical, commercial and military fields. During the transmission security of the information is required otherwise it can be accessed or hacked by the unauthorized person. Today as the ability of the network rapidly increasing, most of the data is transmitted in the form of images. Many methods like Cryptography and Steganography are developed to encrypt this kind of images which contained the data. In this paper a modified Hill cipher encryption technique has been proposed which uses an involutory key matrix. The scheme is a fast encryption scheme which overcomes problems of encrypting the images with homogeneous background.
Lower regularity solutions of the biharmonic
Schrödinger equation in a quarter plane

This paper deals with the initial-boundary value problem of the biharmonic cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation in a quarter plane with inhomogeneous Dirichlet-Neumann boundary data. We prove local well-posedness in the low regularity Sobolev spaces introducing Duhamel boundary forcing operator associated to the linear equation to construct solutions on the whole line. With this in hands, the energy and nonlinear estimates allow us to apply Fourier restriction method, introduced by J. Bourgain, to get the main result of the article. Additionally, adaptations of this approach for the biharmonic cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation on star graphs are also discussed.
Banks as Regulated Traders

Banks use trading as a vehicle to take risk. Using unique high-frequency regulatory data, we estimate the sensitivity of weekly bank trading profits to aggregate equity, fixed-income, credit, currency and commodity risk factors. Our estimates imply that U.S. banks had large trading exposures to equity market risk before the Volcker Rule, which they curtailed afterwards. They also have exposures to credit and currency risk. The results hold up in a quasi-natural experimental design that exploits the phased-in introduction of reporting requirements to address identification. Heterogeneity and placebo tests further corroborate the results. Counterfactual stress-test analyses quantify the financial stability implications.
Social Capital, Institutional Quality and Productivity: Evidence from European Regions

IntroductionProductivity is undoubtedly one of the most important determinants of economic growth and the welfare of people. Hence, it is worthwhile to study the possible determinants of productivity. When looking at the determinants of productivity at the aggregate (country) level, the literature has mainly focussed on factors like human capital, RD Artige and Nicolini, 2006). As a novelty, this article aims to address all the aforementioned gaps in the previous research.The aim of the current study is to explore the possible impact of social capital and institutional quality on the productivity levels of European countries at the regional level. More specifically, labour productivity as the most widely used measure of productivity is viewed as a dependent variable. In addition to the standard factors of productivity, as control variables institutional quality and different dimensions of social capital, such as general trust, institutional trust, informal and formal networks, are considered.The data for calculating labour productivity indicators as well as the data for the control variables came from Eurostat. The data for social capital came from the European Values Study (see EVS, 2010) and the European Social Survey (see ESS, 2008). Based on the initial indicators from these surveys, variables describing different components of social capital were created with the help of factor analysis. In order to describe different aspects of institutional quality, often the World Bank database of the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) (The World Bank, 2014) is used. Lately, new data in the form of the European Quality of Government Index have become available that provide also regional-level estimates corrected for the regional differences (Charron et al., 2014). All these data sources enable to analyse European regions at the NUTS 1 level. The number of regions covered in this analysis was limited by the countries covered in the EVS and ESS as well as data availability for the regional-level estimates of the European Quality of Government Index. Altogether, 80 regions in 23 European countries are covered in this analysis. Correlation and regression analysis are used to examine the relationships of social capital and institutional quality with productivity.This article is organised as follows. Section 1 presents the theoretical background and Section 2 introduces the data and operationalisation. Section 3 provides and Section 4 discusses the results. Section 5 summarises the article.1. …
Competencia emocional en maestros de educación infantil y primaria: fuentes de variabilidad y sugerencias de mejora.

Dotar a los profesionales de la educación de niveles de Inteligencia Emocional elevados debe ser objetivo prioritario para las administraciones, ya que ello les permite afrontar con mayor eficacia la complejidad del actual contexto educativo. Sin embargo, no existen muchas publicaciones con muestras de maestros españoles en ejercicio, por lo que este trabajo pretende incrementar el conocimiento relativo a su perfil en Inteligencia Emocional Percibida (TMMS-24, Salovey y Mayer, 1995) y analizar la influencia que ejercen sobre él algunas variables. Nuestro objetivo principal es identificar la combinación de factores presente en el grupo de docentes emocionalmente menos competentes, ayudando con ello a optimizar los esfuerzos formativos a este respecto. Tras las comparaciones efectuadas en una muestra de 296 maestros de Educación Infantil y Primaria, los resultados sugieren que el perfil peor dotado emocionalmente parece ser el percibido por los docentes de infantil, de género femenino, que trabajan en centros públicos, que ejercen como tutores y que tienen más edad y años de experiencia. La discusión ofrece la interpretación y exposición detallada de estos resultados en orden a “ajustar” futuras sugerencias de mejora del perfil emocional de nuestros maestros. Providing education professionals with high levels of Emotional Intelligence should be a priority goal for public administrations since it allows them to deal more effectively with the complex educational contexts in 21st century. Despite this, there aren´t many reports from practising Spanish teachers, so this work aims to increase knowledge about their profile in Perceived Emotional Intelligence (TMMS-24, Salovey and Mayer, 1995), analysing the influence of some factors on it. Our main objective is to identify the combination of factors present in the group of lowest emotional competence to optimise training efforts in this respect. The comparisons carried out on a sample of 296 Early Childhood and Primary Education teachers, point out that the less capable profile appears to be that perceived by the older and more experienced female Early Childhood Education teachers, working in public schools and who act as tutors. A more detailed presentation of these results is offered and interpreted in the discussion to "adjust" future suggestions to improve the emotional profile of our teachers.
Infinitely many small energy solutions for fractional coupled Schrodinger system with critical growth

In this paper, we investigate the small energy solutions for a coupled fractional Schrödinger system with critical growth. The existence criteria of infinitely many small energy solutions are established without Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz (A-R) condition by variant fountain theorem. Our main results are completely new and complement the previously known studies. c ©2017 All rights reserved.