Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of Copper in Water Samples after Solid-phase Extraction Using Dimethylglyoxime-modified Silica

This work describes the modification of silica gel with dimethylglyoxime, in order to prepare an effective sorbent for the preconcentration and determination of copper. The sorption capacity of dimethylglyoxime-modified silica-gel (DMGMS) was 71.37 mg g–1 and the optimum pH for the quantitative recovery of copper was found to be 5.0. The optimum flow rate, sorbent amount, and sample volume were 1 mL min–1, 300 mg, and 50 mL, respectively. 10 mL of 0.1 mol L–1 HCl was the most suitable eluent. The detection limit of copper was 6.0 ng mL–1. The recommended method, for the determination of copper, is simple and reliable, without any notable matrix effect and can be successfully applied to environmental water samples. Copper recovery in the range from 99–100% was obtained from seawater and thermal spring water using this method. The method was applied to standard reference materials, NIST-1515 (apple leaves) and NIST-1643e (simulated fresh water), for the determination of copper and the results were in good agreement with certified values.
Purification of recombinant aprotinin produced in transgenic corn seed: separation from CTI utilizing ion-exchange chromatography

Protein expression in transgenic plants is considered one of the most promising approaches for producing pharmaceutical proteins. As has happened with other recombinant protein production schemes, the downstream processing (dsp) of these proteins produced in plants is key to the technical and economic success of large-scale applications. Since dsp of proteins produced transgenically in plants has not been extensively studied, it is necessary to broaden the investigation in this field in order to more precisely evaluate the commercial feasibility of this route of expression. In this work, we studied the substitution of an IMAC chromatographic step, described in previous work (Azzoni et al., 2002), with ion-exchange chromatography on SP Sepharose Fast Flow resin as the second step in the purification of recombinant aprotinin from transgenic maize seed. The main goal of this second purification step is to separate the recombinant aprotinin from the native corn trypsin inhibitor. Analysis of the adsorption isotherms determined at 25°C under different conditions allowed selection of 0.020 M Tris pH 8.5 as the adsorption buffer. The cation-exchange chromatographic process produced a high-purity aprotinin that was more than ten times more concentrated than that generated using an IMAC step.
Plasma polymerization of octafluorocyclobutane and hydrophobic microporous composite membranes for membrane distillation

In this paper, hydrophilic microporous cellulose nitrate membranes have been surface-modified by plasma polymerization of octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB). The microporous composite membranes with a hydrophilic layer sandwiched between two hydrophobic layers have been obtained. The obtained composite membranes have been used in a membrane distillation (MD) process and have exhibited good performance. The effects of polymerization conditions, such as glow-discharge power and deposition time, on the structures and MD performances of the obtained composite membranes have been investigated by SEM, X-ray microscopical analysis, and XPS. The polymerization conditions should be as mild as possible in order to prepare the hydrophobic composite membrane with good MD performance. The typical MD behaviors of the obtained hydrophobic composite membranes are in agreement with that of hydrophobic membranes directly prepared from hydrophobic polymeric materials, like PVDF, PTFE, or PP.
Influence of geometry and solids concentration on the hydrodynamics and mass transfer of a rectangular airlift reactor for marine sediment and soil bioremediation

Hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics of a three-phase airlift reactor were studied in a rectangular splitvessel reactor and using an air-seawater-marine sediment system. Experiments were conducted over a range of downcomer to riser cross-sectional area ratios (AJAR = 0.65 to 1 .O) for two-phase systems and for five sediment concentrations (5 to 25% w/v) using marine sediments. The influence of higher sediment concentrations (30 to 50% w/v) was examined for AJAR = 1. The presence of fine sediment particles in the system had little effect on hydrodynamic and mass transfer parameters compared to the two-phase systems up to 25% loading, decreasing at higher loadings. The airlift reactor was found to meet the dissolved oxygen demand needed for a contaminated sediment treatment process. Axial distribution of the particles was uniform along the riser and the downcomer. Correlations were developed that described the hydrodynamic and mass transfer behaviour for all experimental conditions examined. On a etudie les caracteristiques de l’hydrodynamique et de transfert de matiere d’un reacteur airlift triphasique dans un reacteur divise rectangulaire pour un systeme air-eau de mer-sediments marins. Les experiences ont ete menees pour des rapports de sections de colonne ascendante sur colonne descendante (AJAR = 0,65 a I,O) pour des systemes biphasiques et cinq concentrations de sediments (5 a 25% de w/v) composees de sediments marins. L’influence de plus fortes concentrations de sediments (30 - 50% de w/v) a ete examinee pour AJAR = I. La presence de fines particules de sediments dans le systeme a eu peu d’effet sur les parametres hydrodynamiques et de transfert de matiere, comparativement aux systemes biphasiques jusqu’a une charge de 25%, qui diminue a des charges plus elevees. On a trouve que le reacteur airlift satisfaisait la demande en oxygene dissous necessaire a un procede de traitement de sediments contamines. La distribution axiale des particules etait uniforme le long de la colonne montante et de la colonne descendante. On a etabli des correlations qui decrivent le comportement hydrodynamique et de transfert de matiere pour les conditions experimentales etudiees.
Winter Measurements of Air Exchange Rates Using Tracer Gas Technique and Quantification of Gaseous Emissions from a Naturally Ventilated Dairy Barn

Measuring the ventilation rates and then quantifying the gaseous emissions from naturally ventilated barns is a particularly difficult task and associated with large uncertainties; where no accurate, reliable, and online method is available for ventilation rate measurements. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop further the tracer gas technique (TG) for ventilation rate measurements through winter seasons. Fifteen field experiments were carried out to study the ventilation rates in a naturally ventilated dairy barn located in North Germany through three consecutive winter seasons. During each field experiment, continuous measurements of gaseous concentrations (NH3, CO2, CH4, and N2O) inside and outside the barn and tracer gas experiments were carried out. Meanwhile, the microclimatic and climatic conditions were measured and recorded. The air exchange rates (AERs) and then the ventilation rates were estimated by the TG and the CO2-balance which was set as reference method, in this study, for the purpose of statistical analysis. Three factors with two levels each were tested and they are: 85Kr point release source versus 85Kr line release source, average a-values versus sum impulses, selected radiation counters versus all radiation counters; resulting in eight factor combinations. The results were compared with each other by developing a linear regression model and carrying out Pearson correlation analysis. The differences between the reference method and the eight factor combinations were tested using the ANOVA model. The results showed that the best factor combinations were: (1) line release source considering the impulses recorded by selected radiation counters and implementing the sum method of all impulses where high R-square value of 0.82 and reliable parameter estimate of 1.00±0.19 were found for this combination, and (2) point release source considering the impulses recorded by all radiation counters and implementing the sum method of all impulses where high R-square value of 0.91 and reliable parameter estimate of 1.19±0.15 were found for this combination. The average gaseous emissions through the different winter seasons, subject to the reference method, were 2.9, 14.5, 1785, and 1.6 g h-1 AU-1 for NH3, CH4, CO2, and N2O, respectively.
Evaluation of Vigour and Health of 'Street' Trees Using Foliar Ionic Status

Street-side trees in cities are characterized by poor health, with high salinity and pH, that leads to an early death. The main reason is soil salinity caused by winter road maintenance using salt (NaCl). Our research comprised three species of trees. A dependency was determined between their vigour and health and the content of biogenic elements, typical pollution, and indicators of ionic balance. It was demonstrated that disturbances of ionic balance had a negative effect on the health of leaves and trees. Increasing the amounts of chlorine and sodium in the leaves did not have any influence on the content of phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, and sulphur. The content of calcium was slightly lowered, and that of magnesium was lowered to a large extent. The leaves containing over 15% chlorine in the sum of all elements studied, expressed in equivalent values, were characterized by noticeable disturbances in their growth and health.
Development and validation of rapid and sensitive HPLC method for the quantitative determination of doxorubicin in human plasma

An isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm has been developed for the determination of doxorubicin in human plasma. Plasma samples were extracted by a selective one-step liquid–liquid extraction using dichloromethane. Doxorubicin and the internal standard epirubicin were separated using a column packed with C18 material, using a mobile phase consisting of water:acetonitrile (75:25v/v). The calibration graph for doxorubicin was linear in the range 0.2–10 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient, R2 = 0.9986. Lower limit of quantitation was 0.2 μg/mL, using 1 mL plasma samples. The extraction recovery ranged from 98.5–101.1%, and the recovery rate was consistent for drug and internal standard examined at each level. The interday and intraday precision values ranged between 0.5–2%. Validation data showed that the assay for doxorubicin is sensitive, selective, accurate, and reproducible. The assay has been used in population pharmacokinetics study.
Direct optical measurement of hot‐phonons in active AlGaN/GaN devices

We demonstrate the direct detection of hot‐phonons in the channel of active AlGaN/GaN HFETs by combining anti‐Stokes Raman scattering with conventional Raman thermography. Hot‐phonon temperatures were found to be consistent with hot‐electron temperatures determined using electroluminescence measurements. Temperatures reach as high as 1000 K for 30 V source–drain biases. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Salt stress alters physiological indicators in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate performance of four upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties, Deir-Ezzor22, Niab78, Aleppo118 and Deltapine50 grown under non-saline conditions (control) and salt stress (200 mol m -3 NaCl) for 7 weeks. Results showed that seedling height, root length, leaf number, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll a and b, osmotic potential, chlorophyll content index (CCI), dry biomass and root/shoot weight ratio were significantly reduced with salinity treatment. This reduction was more pronounced in Deltapine50 and Aleppo118 than Niab78 and Deir-Ezzor22. Leaf relative water content (RWC) was strongly reduced for Deltapine50 and Aleppo118, while, it was slightly increased for Niab78 and Deir-Ezzor22. In conclusion, osmotic potential, RWC, CCI, dry biomass and root/shoot weight ratio could be considered as useful indictors for salt tolerance screening among cotton varieties.
Growth and Yield of Celosia argentea in Response to a Balanced NPK Fertilizer

ABSTRACT Field experiments were carried out at the National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan, Nigeria during the early rainy season of 1995 to identify the optimal balanced fertilizer rate for production of Celosia argentea cv. TLV8, a leafy vegetable. Optimal rate was 90 kg/ha of 15-15-15 for fresh shoot weight, plant height, branching number and stem girth, which corresponded to 10.8 ton/ha, 37.3 cm/plant, 1.8 per plant and 0.68 cm/plant, respectively. Optimum rates for leaf number and leaf area were 30 kg/ha and 60 kg/ha, respectively. The cost of the optimum level of fertilizer input was N2,700.00K and the corresponding gross output was N64,800.00K. One US$ = N20.00K.
Fluorines in tetrafluoromethane as halogen bond donors: Revisiting address the nature of the fluorine's σhole

It has been demonstrated in several instances that the 0.001 a.u. (electrons per bohr3) isodensity mapped electrostatic surface potentials on the fluorines along the outermost extensions of the CF covalent bonds in tetrafluoromethane (CF4) are entirely negative, they are thereby unable to engage in σhole bonding interactions with the negative sites on another molecules. In this study, we have attempted at resolving this controversy by performing various high-level electronic structure calculations with Quadratic Configuration Integrals of Singles and Doubles QCISD(full), second-order Moller–Plesset MP2(full), and 12 other Density Functional Theory (DFT) based functionals with and without dispersion corrections, all in conjunction with the 6–311++G(2d,2p) basis set. The results achieved with all the levels of theory utilized suggest that the fluorine's σholes in CF4 are positive regardless of the 0.001-, 0.0015-, and 0.002-a.u. isodensity mapped electrostatic surfaces examined. Because of this specific quality, the fluorines in CF4 have displayed their capacities to form not only 1:1 clusters with the Lewis bases such as water (H2O), ammonia (NH3), formaldehyde (H2CO), hydrogen fluoride (HF), and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), but also 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 clusters with the latter three randomly chosen Lewis bases. Various topological and nontopological features obtained from applications of atoms in molecules, noncovalent interaction reduced-density-gradient and natural bond orbital analytical tools reveal that the N···F, O···F, and F···F long-ranged interactions developed between the interacting monomers in H3N···FCF3, H2O···FCF3, and (YD)n=1–4···F4C (YD = H2CO, HCN, and HF) are reminiscent of halogen bonding. The nonadditive cooperative and anticooperative energetic effects emerged on cluster formations are discussed in detail. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gas sensing properties of Cu2O and its particle size and morphology-dependent gas-detection sensitivity

In order to investigate the effect of morphology and size on detection sensitivity of ethanol vapor, nano-scale cubic or spherical Cu2O with similar particle sizes were prepared through reductive solution chemistry routes. Experimental results indicated that both size and morphology of Cu2O particles are playing an important role in gas detection sensitivity, and the mutual competition and mutual dependence relationship coexisted between the two factors. Particle morphology and morphology-dependent particle stacking mode may play a dominant role in a relatively lower gas atmosphere (S50, S260 > C50, C340). As the concentration of ethanol vapor exceeds 200 ppm, the size-dependent effect on gas-sensing gradually appears, and nanoparticles with relatively smaller particle size (C50, S50 > C340, S260) are more advantageous in the gas sensing process. At a much higher ethanol partial pressure, Cu2O nanoparticles with smaller size and cubic morphology exhibit the strongest gas-sensing response. The mechanism of these gas-sensing divergences is suggested to involve in the explanation of effective contact surface, width of charge accumulation layer (CAL) affected by gas concentration, energy bands bending changes and particle contact mode.
Crystal structure of bis(triphenylphospine-κP)(iodido)-(isoquinoline-κN) copper(I), [CuI(PC18H15)2(i-C9H7N)], C45H37CuINP2

Abstract C45H37CuINP2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.0738(9) Å, b = 36.195(3) Å, c = 11.564(1) Å, β = 115.047(2)°, V = 3820.2 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0461, wRref(F2) = 0.0944, T = 298 K.
Effect of Guar Gum, Xanthan Gum, CMC and HPMC on Dough Rhealogy and Physical Properties of Barbari Bread

The effects of four hydrocolloids (guar, xanthan gum, carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC), and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)) in three concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1 % w/w flour basis), on Barbari (Iranian bread) was investigated. Farinograph parameters, physical properties (specific volume, oven spring, height to width ratio, crumb to crust ratio), and the moisture content of fresh bread were analyzed. CMC and HPMC had the most noticeable effect on dough rheological properties; leading to a more strengthened dough. The hydrocolloids also improved the bread’s physical properties. In addition, the best effect on moisture content was observed by 0.5% CMC, followed by 0.5% and 1% HPMC. Hydrocolloids did not unfavourably influence the sensory properties of bread. All sensory parameters were improved using hydrocolloids. Consequently, despite the improving effect of all hydrocolloids, cellulose derivatives could have better uses in bread-making processes.
Atomic layer deposition of ZnO: a review

Due to the unique set of properties possessed by ZnO, thin films of ZnO have received more and more interest in the last 20 years as a potential material for applications such as thin-film transistors, light-emitting diodes and gas sensors. At the same time, the increasingly stringent requirements of the microelectronics industry, among other factors, have led to a dramatic increase in the use of atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique in various thin-film applications. During this time, the research on ALD-grown ZnO thin films has developed from relatively simple deposition studies to the fabrication of increasingly intricate nanostructures and an understanding of the factors affecting the fundamental properties of the films. In this review, we give an overview of the current state of ZnO ALD research including the applications that are being considered for ZnO thin films.
Kinetics of Estrone Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide Advanced Oxidation Treatment

Ozone/hydrogen peroxide batch treatment was utilized to study the degradation of the steroidal hormone estrone (E1). The competition kinetics method was used to determine the rate constants of reaction for direct ozone and E1, and for hydroxyl radicals and E1 at three pH levels (4, 7, and 8.5), three different molar O3/H2O2 ratios (1:2, 2:1, and 4:1) and a temperature about 20°C. The average second-order rate constants for direct ozone-E1 reaction were determined as 6.2 × 103 ± 3.2 × 103 M−1s−1, 9.4 × 105 ± 2.7 × 105 M−1s−1, and 2.1 × 107 ± 3.1 × 106 M−1s−1 at pH 4, 7, and 8.5, respectively. It was found that pH had the greatest influence on the reaction rate, whereas O3/H2O2 ratio was found to be slightly statistically significant. For the hydroxyl radical-E1 reaction, apparent rate constants ranged from 1.1 × 1010 M−1s−1 to 7.0 × 1010 M−1s−1 with an average value of 2.6 × 1010 M−1s−1. Overall, O3/H2O2 is shown to be an effective treatment for E1.
Data Reduction For Curve Analysis

The paper presents methods to pre-select the most significant sections within measured curves. These techniques will be illustrated by two applications from the field of chemical analysis. The first example shows the evaluation of voltammograms. The aim of this application is the classification of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid diluted in water. The second example deals with the temperature modulated Si-Planar-Pellistor. There are two operation modes to get measurement curves: the direct temperature variation and the sinusoidal temperature modulation. The paper will show well applicable solutions for both conditions.
An In Situ Device to Measure Oxygen in the Vadose Zone and in Ground Water: Laboratory Testing and Field Evaluation

Oxygen probes developed to measure in situ oxygen concentrations in gaseous and aqueous environments were evaluated in laboratory tests and during long‐term field evaluation trials at contaminated sites. The oxygen probes were shown to have a linear calibration and to be accurate compared to conventional dissolved oxygen electrodes and gas chromatography, both of which require labor‐intensive sample collection and processing. The probes, once calibrated, required no maintenance or recalibration for up to a period of 7 years in low‐oxygen environments, demonstrating long‐term stability. Times to achieve 90% of the stabilized concentration (t90) after a step change in aqueous oxygen concentration were 100–120 min in laboratory experiments and up to 180 min in field experiments, which is adequate for monitoring subsurface changes. Field application data demonstrated that the oxygen probes could monitor oxygen concentrations in hydrocarbon‐contaminated ground water to a depth of 20 m below the water table or in pyritic vadose zones over extended periods. During bioremediation field trials, oxygen monitoring enabled estimation of oxygen utilization rates by microorganisms and hydrocarbon biodegradation rates. Also, probes were able to monitor the development of ground water desaturation during air sparging trials, enabling the automated assessment of the distribution of injected air.
Formation of a lead zirconate titanate (PZT)/Pt interfacial layer and structural changes in the Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate during the deposition of PZT thin film by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films were fabricated on Pt(70 nm)/Ti(100 nm)/SiO2/Si substrates at 470°C by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (ECR PECVD). A Pb-deficient interfacial layer approximately 25 nm thick was found between the PZT film and the Pt substrate by high magnification transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination. It was concluded that the interfacial layer was produced by the short residence time of Pb oxide molecules on the Pt substrate during the early stage of the PZT film growth. During the deposition of PZT film, the Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate was altered into the Pt/TiO2/Pt/TiO2/TiSi2/SiO2 structure. The structural change was attributed to the Ti out-diffusion into the Pt layer, the oxidation of Ti by the in-diffused oxygen, and the formation of TiO2/Ti-silicide by the reaction between the SiO2 and Ti layers.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cholesterol Nano Particles by Using w/o Microemulsion Technique

Cholesterol is one of the most abundant and well known steroids in the animal kingdom. Cholesterol rich micro‐emulsions and nano‐emulsions are useful for the treatment of breast cancer and gynecologic cancers. The nano particles of cholesterol and other pharmaceutically important materials have been reported. In the present investigation, the nano particles of cholesterol were synthesized by direct precipitation technique using triton X‐100/water/n‐butanol micro‐emulsion. The average particle size of cholesterol nano particles was estimated by applying Scherrer’s formula to the powder X‐ray diffraction pattern, which was found to be 22 nm. The nanoparticles of cholesterol were observed by using TEM and the particle size was found within the range from 15 nm–31 nm. The distribution of particle size was studied through DLS. The nanoparticles of cholesterol were characterized by using FT‐IR spectroscopy and the force constant was also calculated for O‐H, C‐H and C‐O bonds. The thermal response of nanoparticl.