Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecophysiological responses of sugar maple roots to climatic conditions

We investigated the occurrence of and mechanisms responsible for acclimation of fineroot respiration of mature sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) after 3+ years of experimental soil warming. Experimental treatments included soil warming (+4-5 oC) in a factorial combination with soil moisture addition. Fine-root respiration was measured every two to four weeks during the growing season. Assessments of potential mechanisms for thermal acclimation included changes in enzyme capacity as indicated by root N; substrate limitation assessed by examining non-structural carbohydrates and effects of exogenous sugars; and responses to a respiratory decoupling agent (CCCP) to test for adenylate control. Partial acclimation of fine-root respiration occurred in response to soil warming throughout the study, causing specific root respiration to increase to a much lesser degree (14 to 27%) than would be expected for a 4 to 5 oC temperature increase. We found no evidence that enzyme or substrate limitation caused acclimation, but did find evidence supporting adenylate control. The uncoupling agent caused a 1.4 x greater stimulation of respiration in roots from warmed soil. Sugar maple fine-root respiration in warmed soil was at least partially constrained by adenylate use, likely limiting respiration to that needed to support work being performed by the root system. 1The material contained in this chapter was submitted to Plant, Cell and Environment and was returned for revisions. Mickey Jarvi designed the experiment, collected data, analyzed data, wrote manuscript, and edited manuscript. Andrew Burton is listed as a second author and assisted Mickey Jarvi with data analysis and interpretation and manuscript edits.
Effects of different levels of physically effective fibers in diets for cows in early lactation.

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of a total mixed ration (TMR) particle size on digestibility and production performances of the high-yielding cows in early lactation. The treatments were TMRs with forage-toconcentrate ratio 43:57 in diet dry matter, with four different mean particle lengths and physically effective fiber (PENDF) content based on different cut length of corn silage and alfalfa haylage. Determined values of PEF (physical effectiveness factor) and PENDF (through original and modified Penn State Particle Separator, PSPS) were considerably higher for forages and TMRs using the modified PSPS. The cut length of forage and particle size of TMRs did not affect dry matter intake. However reduced forage cut length significantly increased the apparent total tract digestibility of NDF (from 53.9 to 58.66%), and crude protein (from 71.56 to 77.90%), with the decrease in the non-fiber carbohydrate digestibility (from 91.99 to 86.80%). The increase in the milk yield (35.62 vs. 38.36 kg), and decrease in the milk fat (3.50 vs. 3.10%) and protein content (3.11 vs. 2.99%) were observed with the reduction of particle size in forages. There was no effect on milk fat daily yield, but the increase of the milk protein yield (1.08 vs. 1.15 kg) was determined with the reduced forage cut lengths. The milk fat to protein ratio had tendency to decrease with the reduced forage cut length. Decrease in forage particle size improved feed conversion ratio for milk production, improved digestibility and the milk yield, whereas milk protein content was reduced
Effects of Multi-Trait Selection on Phenotypic and Genetic Changes in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

The present study in Japanese quail was aimed to develop multi-trait genetic selection program for a meat type sire line utilizing the mixed-model methodology. In total, 2000 pedigreed quail were formed the basis of the research where a multi-trait animal model was performed. A flock consisting of a total of 160 families (1 male: 3 female) was developed from the initial flock (base population of sire line), so as to obtain a selection flock sire line. Body weight at 5 weeks of age was chosen as a primary selection criterion in flock. The age at point of inflection derived from Gompertz growth curve, feed conversion ratio between 3 to 5 weeks of age, and carcass yield at 5 week of age were determined as selection criteria. Multi-trait BLUP methodology was carried out for genetic improvement of birds. In flock, 25 percent of males and females with highest breeding value were selected to produce next generation. Genetic parameter estimates, realized genetic parameters, selection responses, and genetic trends were obtained. Significant (P<0.01) selection responses for body weight, age at point of inflection, feed conversion ratio, and carcass yield traits on generations were observed. The results of the study revealed that the negative genetic relationships exhibited between some studied traits had overcame by modern poultry breeding methods such as selection via multi-trait BLUP.
SEASONAL DIFFERENCES OF LYSOSOMAL, LIPID AND LIPOFUSCIN PARAMETERS IN THE DIGESTIVE GLAND OF THE MUSSEL MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS

The aim of the present study was to provide additional information regarding the seasonal influence on structural parameters of the lysosomal system, as well as on the variation of lipids and lipofuscins, in the digestive gland of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, and thus to define the most suitable time for performing sampling procedures in biomonitoring studies. The parallel examination of these biological parameters indicated that in early summer there was a very active lysosomal system together with extremely limited lipofuscin inclusions and moderate amount of lipids in the digestive gland of mussels. In early winter, the lysosomal system was restricted, and at the same time raised lipofuscin content and reduced amount of lipids occurred. In early spring, lysosomes became active again and concurrently high lipofuscin material was detected, whereas lipids showed an increase relative to winter. The results lead to the conclusion that summer represents the most appropriate period for sampling in biomonitoring studies dealing with digestive gland parameters, at least in mussels from Thermaikos Gulf and possibly from the Mediterranean Sea in general. In addition, the relationship between the N-acetyl-b-hexosaminidase reaction and the presence of lipids in digestive gland lysosomes of mussels is discussed.
The Experimental Study of Kinesthetic Style Student Learning Outcomes in Remedial Teaching Assisted by Projectile Motion Props

The main problem of this study is that students who are not able to gain the minimum score were not given remedial teaching and learning that were adjusted to their learning style. This study aimed to determine the effect, improvement, and effectiveness of the use of projectile motion props in remedial teaching on kinesthetic style students learning outcomes and students’ response to the use of the props. The research method used in this study was a quasi-experiment with nonequivalent control group design. Hypothesis test results of the post-test results with the Mann-Whitney U test at the confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05) obtained the significance value (2-tailed) that was 0.000. Alternative research hypotheses (H1) were accepted (there were effects of projectile motion props on remedial teaching on kinesthetic style student learning outcomes). The kinesthetic style student in the experimental group successfully gained 0.64 (middle category) in their learning outcomes, and the controlled group students gained less only 0.31 (middle category) in their learning outcomes. In the cognitive domain of C2 (understanding), the experimental group students experienced the highest increase, which was 0.72, while the controlled group gained only 0.50. The effectiveness of remedial teaching in the experimental group was very effective (80%); meanwhile, in the controlled group, it showed ineffectiveness (28%). Students of kinesthetic style’s response are very good (81%) on the use of projectile motion props.
So what is new about leadership-as-practice?

This paper returns to the original focus of my earlier 'Leading Questions' article (Collinson, 2017) which questioned Joe Raelin’s (excessive) claims that LAP is a distinct ‘movement’, particularly new and supercedes post-heroic perspectives and is more critical than critical leadership studies. Arguing that Raelin's claims overstate the value of LAP, this rejoinder draws on Giddens’ structuration theory to illustrate my points about structure, practice and resistance in relation to the foregoing responses from Leadership As Practice (LAP) contributors (Raelin et al, 2018).
The Bidding Paradox: Why Politicians Favor Hosting Mega Sports Events Despite the Bleak Economic Prospects

Politicians generally favor hosting mega sports events despite the discouraging evidence of financial benefits or direct economic gain. This paradox is surveyed from two different perspectives. First, we weighed the merits of the most prominent methods of economic analysis of mega sports events. Then, we discuss the ways in which politicians still manage to infer positive gains from hosting this type of event from the literature. Next, we look at a range of frequently intangible effects that could be used in the public debate before submitting a bid but that, paradoxically, rarely are. The most promising of these is making the people proud and happy. However, economists have so far been incapable of adequately valuing the effect of hosting a mega sport event based on happiness. Second, we analyzed the political process parallel to preparing a bid to understand why politicians are persistently keen to host, despite the bleak economic prospects.
NEW SPECIES OF THE SUBFAMILY EUPHORINAE (HYMENOPTERA, BRACONIDAE) FROM EAST PALAEARCTIC. PART I

The 59 new species of the subfamily Euphorinae from Russian Far East and Siberia, from Korea and Japan are described and illustrated: Blacometeorus konishii sp. n. , Blacus (Blacus) alexandri sp. n. , B. (B.) compressus sp. n. , B. (B.) dadianshanicus sp. n. , B. (B.) dezhnevi sp. n. , B. (B.) puber sp. n. , Centistes (Ancylocentrus) kurilensis sp. n. , C. (A.) mucri sp. n. , C. (A.) parentalis sp. n. , C. (Centistes) pumilio sp. n. , C. (C.) shufanus sp. n. , Cosmophorus undulatus sp. n. , Dinocampus nipponicus sp. n. , Elasmosoma trichopygidium sp. n. , Leiophron (Euphorus) alkonost sp. n. , L. (E.) gyrinus sp. n. , L. (E.) janus sp. n. , L. (E.) pygmaeus sp. n. , L. (E.) reductus sp. n. , L. (Leiophron) pardus sp. n. , L. (L.) subapicalis sp. n. , L. (Peristenus) antennator sp. n. , L. (P.) cognatus sp. n. , L. (P.) convexus sp. n. , L. (P.) goral sp. n. , L. (P.) fuscotibialis sp. n. , L. (P.) rugitergum sp. n. , L. (P.) shikotanicus sp. n. , L. (P.) subfacialis sp. n. , L. (P.) suifunensis sp. n. , L. (P.) tolerabilis sp. n. , L. (P.) tristis sp. n. , Marshiella aichiensis sp. n. , Meteorus anastasiae sp. n. , M. rex sp. n. , M. sutshanicus sp. n. , Perilitus (Microctonus) articulatus sp. n. , P. (M.) cretaceus sp. n. , P. (M.) hylobivorus sp. n. , P. (M.) maritimus sp. n. , P. (M.) modestus sp. n. , P. (M.) rasnitsyni sp. n. , P. (M.) sylvicola sp. n. , P. (M.) taegeri sp. n. , P. (M.) tuvaensis sp. n. , Perilitus (Perilitus) dauricus sp. n. , P. (P.) flavifacies sp. n. , P. (P.) pappi sp. n. ,
Scale-Dependent Effects of Coyote-Predation Risk on Patterns of White-Tailed Deer Browsing along Linear Forest Edges

Abstract Browsing by Odocoileus virginianus (White-tailed Deer) plays an important role in shaping forest structure in the northeastern US. Predation can influence patterns of browse through decreasing White-tailed Deer abundance and influencing patterns of habitat selection. Canis latrans (Coyote) is the dominant predator of White-tailed Deer in our focal region in northern New York. Optimal foraging theory suggests that White-tailed Deer browse in locations that maximize energy intake while minimizing predation risk. Linear forest edges provide abundant woody browse for White-tailed Deer, but are also used as travel-ways by Coyotes in our focal region. These locations therefore provide a venue for testing the extent to which predation risk influences patterns of White-tailed Deer browsing. We quantified White-tailed Deer browse use for edge and interior sites and the density of Coyote scats along seventeen 500-m transects to evaluate the scale at which White-tailed Deer herbivory was affected by Coyote predation risk. We did not observe a change in White-tailed Deer browsing at the landscape scale in response to variation in the risk of Coyote predation, or a mitigating role of escape cover. However, we did detect a tendency for White-tailed Deer to shift browsing from the forest edge to interior along transects with more Coyotes. Our study indicates that Coyotes in the focal area were likely influencing patterns of browsing primarily through behaviorally mediated indirect effects.
A new method for robust feature extraction of otolith growth marks using fingerprint recognition methods

Individual and population age structures constitute essential knowledge for proper management of commercial fisheries. Despite the important advances made in age determination using otolith growth structures, there is still a need to improve both precision and accuracy. The problem of increasing precision in age estimations has been addressed via increasing automation in the identification of growth marks. However, approaches based on otolith size, weight, perimeter, and related measurements (including contour analysis) have moderate success in age prediction. Likewise, early attempts of image analysis have reported poor results, both in cases of 1D (grey-intensity profiles) or 2D images. Recent developments in image analysis have broken this trend, and fully automatic techniques could be an alternative for routine ageing in the near future. Here, we propose a new method for 2D feature extraction that provides robust numerical descriptors of the growth structures of otoliths.
GROWTH OF ESCHERICHIA COLI O157:H7 IN THE PRESENCE OF PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS IN SKIMMED MILK AT 7 OR 25C

Escherichia coli O157:H7 STCC 4076, E. coli O157:H7 STCC 4267 and E. coli STCC 515 were cultured alone or in combination with Pseudomonas fluorescens STCC 378 at 7C or 25C in 10% reconstituted skimmed milk. Culture pH and bacterial population densities were monitored over 40 days. Both E. coli O157:H7 strains grew well after 40 days of incubation at 7C with final pH values between 4.86–4.53. At 25C, both E. coli O157:H7 strains grew during 20 days with final pH values of 4.00–4.14. The pH of the different cultures of this study decreased more at 25C than at 7C. The results suggest that P. fluorescens may inhibit the growth of the other bacteria present in milk at 7C, but this inhibition is weak. In contrast, the growth of E. coli O157:H7 strains in the presence of P. fluorescens appears to be slightly enhanced during most of the incubation period at 25C.
Normative Influence on Household Waste Separation: The Moderating Effect of Policy Implementation and Sociodemographic Variables

Background: With the increasing production of domestic waste in South African urban areas, household waste separation has become a crucial recycling activity for better management of domestic waste and a decrease in environmental pollution. Focus of the article: This empirical study investigates how normative influences can shape the intention to separate household waste and how these influences are moderated by sociodemographic attributes and upstream social marketing interventions (recycling policy implementation). Research Hypotheses: The hypotheses stipulate that descriptive, injunctive, and moral norms have an influence on the behavioral intention to separate household waste before disposal. Policy implementation and sociodemographic variables moderate the impact of these normative forces on behavioral intention. Methods: A cross-sectional design was applied to this study. A survey was administered to collect quantitative data from 350 households residing in a city that is currently implementing a mandatory recycling policy (Johannesburg) and from 349 households in a city that is not doing so (Tshwane). Structural equation modeling and moderation analysis were the main data analysis techniques applied to this study. Results: The findings underline the importance of injunctive and moral norms in influencing the intention to separate household waste. Gender and age appeared to play an important moderating role in the relationships between norms and behavioral intention. Policy implementation had no effect on the reported influences of social and moral norms on the intention to separate household waste. Recommendations for Practice: Policy makers in emerging markets are encouraged to apply more persuasive and decisive actions such as financial incentives (or disincentives) that will motivate households to comply with recycling policies. Limitations: One limitation of this study is the application of a cross-sectional design relying on self-reported measures of norms and behavioral intention.
Paramyxovirus infection in pigeons.

صحف مت هساردلا هذه ىف 96 ضارعلأا ىف وسكيمارابلا سوريف رود ةفرعمل مامحلا نم عيطق لأا ىلدعم حوارت . ةديدش هيداصتقا زئاسخ ىف ببستتو مامحلا ةيبرت هجاوت ىتلا هيبصعلا ةباص نيب قوفنلاو 02 69 & % 02 62 مامحلا ىف ةيحيرشت تافآ رهظت ملو . ىلاوتلا ىلع % لزع مت . ءاعملأا باهتلا ىلا ةفاضلااب ةيلخادلا ءاشحلأا ناقتحا طقف باصملا 90 نم ةرتع ةبسنب وسكيمارابلا سوريف 4699 نم % 96 فيصوتلل تلازع ةتس تريتخا . هصحف مت عيطق وربلا ىوتحملا ةسارد و ةنوكملا نيتوربلا اذه نم ءازجلأا ديدحتو ةلوزعملا تاسوريفلل ىنيت ىئابرهكلا لصفلا مادختساب هينيتوربلا تاقلحلا ةسارد دنع . نيصحتلا وأ ىودعلا دنع هعانملل تحت تارتعلا لك نيب هعئاشلا هينيتوربلا تاقلحلا ىف هباشت كانه نأ دجو ديملايركلأا ىف ا تارتعلا اهيف امب هساردلا فلاتخا دجو نكلو )وينيفأو اتوسلاو رنشته(ليساكوينلل هيحاقلل ليساكوينلل هيحاقللا تارتعلا اهيف امب هساردلا تحت تارنعلا لك نع نيتلوزعم ىف ىئزج هذهل مامحلا ىف ىديرولا نقحلاب ةوارضلا رشؤم رابتخا ءارجا دنع .هنراقملل همدختسملا نت تارتعلا هذه نم هسمخ نأ دجو تارتعلا ىمتنت طقف هدحاوو هوارضلا طسوتم عونلا ىلا ىمت ددعل مدلا نزلات طيبثت رابتخاب ىجولوريسلا صحفلا رهظأ .هوارضلا ديدش عونلا ىلا 96 هنيع نأ 64 ( 4494 ( مدلا نزلات ةيصاخل هداضملا هيعانملا ماسجلأا اهب )% 0 – 6 لمع دنع . ) تارتعلا لك نأ رهظ نريتسيو ةقيرطب ىعانملا عبطلا هيحاقللا تارتعلاو هساردلل هراتخملا دنع نوكملا داضملا لصملا عم ايعانم هلعافتم هينيجيتنأ هينيتورب هقلح ىلع ىوتحت ليساكوينلل ىئيزجلا نزولا دنع باصملا مامحلا نم اضيأو جاجدلا ىف ليساكوينلا دض نيصحتلا 46 ساردلا تحت تارنعلا نيب هيعانم هقلاع دوجو اضيأو نوتلادوليك هيحاقللا تارتعلا اهيف امب ه ليساكوبنلا تاحاقل مادختسا ةيناكما رسفي دق ىذلا رملأا )وينيفأو اتوسلاو رنشته(ليساكوينلل . مامحلا ىف وسكيمارابلا ىودع ىلع هرطيسلل
Unification of Speaker and Meaning in Language Comprehension: An fMRI Study

When interpreting a message, a listener takes into account several sources of linguistic and extralinguistic information. Here we focused on one particular form of extralinguistic information, certain speaker characteristics as conveyed by the voice. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined the neural structures involved in the unification of sentence meaning and voice-based inferences about the speaker's age, sex, or social background. We found enhanced activation in the inferior frontal gyrus bilaterally (BA 45/47) during listening to sentences whose meaning was incongruent with inferred speaker characteristics. Furthermore, our results showed an overlap in brain regions involved in unification of speaker-related information and those used for the unification of semantic and world knowledge information [inferior frontal gyrus bilaterally (BA 45/47) and left middle temporal gyrus (BA 21)]. These findings provide evidence for a shared neural unification system for linguistic and extralinguistic sources of information and extend the existing knowledge about the role of inferior frontal cortex as a crucial component for unification during language comprehension.
Dose‐dependent growth inhibition and bioaccumulation of hexavalent chromium in land snail Helix aspersa aspersa

The toxicity of Cr6+ was determined in a laboratory environment in the snail Helix aspersa aspersa. The effects on growth were evaluated on animals reared in controlled conditions at the age of one month that had been exposed for 28 d to increasing doses of Cr6+ mixed in with their food. Two experimental groups were set up with concentrations of chromium in the feed of 250 to 1,250 μg/g (test 1) and 100 to 800 μg/g (test 2). Growth inhibition was dose dependent, and the mean EC50 calculated at four weeks for tests 1 and 2 were, respectively, 354.7 and 298.8 μg/g and for the EC10 195.3 and 160.9 μg/g. The levels of Cr6+ bioaccumulated in the foot and the viscera of the snails were dose dependent in both types of tissues. The highest concentrations occurred in the viscera, the levels being 0.79 μg/g in the controls and reaching 3,067 μg/g in the animals exposed to the maximum contamination (1,250 μg/g). These high levels of bioaccumulation in addition to the lower concentrations of Cr6+ excreted in the feces than those present in the food suggest that chromium is not physiologically regulated by Helix aspersa. The results provide added support for the use of snails as a model to determine the toxicity of substances in laboratory biotests by measuring the effects on growth and by assessing bioaccumulation.
Long‐term exposure to elevated [CO2] in a natural Quercus ilex L. community: net photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency of PSII at different levels of water stress

Naturally grown trees of Mediterranean evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.), representing the climax species of the region, were enclosed in six large open-top chambers and exposed to ambient and elevated CO 2 concentrations during a 3 year period. Maximum daily net photosynthetic rates measured at the two different CO 2 concentrations were from 30 to 100% higher in elevated than in ambient [CO 2 ] throughout the experimental period. The increase in maximum daily photosynthesis was also accompanied by a 93% rise in the apparent quantum yield of CO 2 assimilation, measured during periods of optimum soil moisture conditions. Hence, no clear evidence of down-regulation of net photosynthetic activity was found. Interactions between atmospheric CO 2 concentration and plant water stress were studied by following the natural evolution of drought in different seasons and years. At each level of water stress, the maximum rate of carbon assimilation was higher in elevated than in ambient [CO 2 ] by up to 100%. Analysis of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in normal (21%) and low (2%) oxygen concentrations provided useful insights into the functioning and stability of the photosynthetic processes. The photochemical efficiency of PSII (F v /F m ) progressively decreased as drought conditions became more evident ; this trend was accentuated under elevated [CO 2 ]. Thermal de-excitation processes were possibly more significant under elevated than under ambient [CO 2 ], in a combination of environmental stresses. This research suggests two possible conclusions : (i) a 'positive' interaction between elevated [CO 2 ] and carbon metabolism can be obtained through relief of water stress limitation in the summer months, and (ii) elevated [CO 2 ], under drought conditions, may also enhance the significance of slow-relaxing quenching.