Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantification of sinensetin in Orthosiphon stamineus from various phytogeographical zones in Indonesia

Orthosiphon stamineus is widely used as an ingredient in traditional medicine and functional food partially for its main active compound, sinensetin. Plant growth and sinensetin contents are sensitive to many variables, including phytogeographical profiles. This study sought to evaluate the quality of O. stamineus obtained from nine locations in Indonesia, predicated on sinensetin levels assessed using TLC-densitometry. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was conducted with silica gel 60 F 254 as the stationary phase and toluene: ethyl acetate (5:7) and a drop of formic acid for every 10 ml of that solvent mixture as the mobile phase and was analyzed without a derivatization reagent. The created method proved uncomplicated and satisfied the specificity parameters, as indicated by the identical UV spectrum shared between the sinensetin standard and sample ( λ max = 334 nm). Also, it showed good linearity for sinensetin in the range of 14.5–87 ng/band ( r = 0.9886). Limits of detection and limits of quantification were 9.03116 and 27.36717 ng/band, respectively. In addition, the method possessed good intra- and interday precision (marked by Relative Standard Deviations (RSDs) of 1.65%–6.47% and 4.97%) and accuracy (95.86, 120.18, and 82.44% recoveries in standard addition with three-level solutions). Of the 14 samples, sinensetin was undetected in two but found in various concentrations in the other 12 samples, from 0.0238 to 0.1533 mg/g. Using a sample from the Tawangmangu area as a reference, three groups of samples were formed: those with lower sinensetin contents (Jakarta Selatan, Lamongan, Jombang, and Sampang), higher sinensetin contents (Surabaya, Mojokerto, Kediri, and Kotabaru), and similar sinensetin contents as the reference sample (Batu, Gresik, and Madiun). The TLC-densitometry designed in this study is straightforward but satisfies the validation parameters; thus, it can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze sinensetin in O. stamineus. Overall, O. stamineus in different phytogeographical zones in Indonesia has varying levels of sinensetin.
INFLUENCE OF PT ADDITION ON THE TEXTURE OF NISI ON SI(001)

We report on the texture of Ni1−xPtxSi films on Si(001) substrates. X-ray diffraction measurements in Bragg–Brentano geometry appear to indicate that pure NiSi films are randomly oriented, while the addition of Pt was reported to induce an epitaxial alignment. However, detailed texture analysis using pole figure measurements shows that pure NiSi films are in fact strongly textured. The NiSi grains exhibit five different types of preferential orientation. The addition of an increasing amount of Pt gradually changes these five texture components. This texture evolution can be understood on the basis of the expansion of the monosilicide unit cell, caused by the incorporation of Pt.
Weil representations associated to finite quadratic modules

To any finite quadratic module, that is, a finite abelian group together with a non-degenerate quadratic form, it is possible to associate a representation of Mp2(Z), the metaplectic cover of the modular group. This representation is usually referred to as a Weil representation and our main result is a general explicit formula for its matrix coefficients. This result completes earlier work by Scheithauer in the case when the representation factors through SL2(Z). Furthermore, our formula is given in a such a way that it is easy to implement efficiently on a computer.
Object-Based Attention Mechanism for Color Calibration of UAV Remote Sensing Images in Precision Agriculture

Color calibration is a critical step for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing, especially in precision agriculture, which relies mainly on correlating color changes to specific quality attributes, e.g., plant health, disease, and pest stresses. In UAV remote sensing, the exemplar-based color transfer is popularly used for color calibration, where the automatic search for the semantic correspondences is the key to ensuring the color transfer accuracy. However, the existing attention mechanisms encounter difficulties in building the precise semantic correspondences between the reference image and the target one, in which the normalized cross correlation is often computed for feature reassembling. As a result, the color transfer accuracy is inevitably decreased by the disturbance from the semantically unrelated pixels, leading to semantic mismatch due to the absence of semantic correspondences. In this article, we proposed an unsupervised object-based attention mechanism (OBAM) to suppress the disturbance of the semantically unrelated pixels, along with a further introduced weight-adjusted Adaptive Instance Normalization (AdaIN) (WAA) method to tackle the challenges caused by the absence of semantic correspondences. By embedding the proposed modules into a photorealistic style transfer method with progressive stylization, the color transfer accuracy can be improved while better preserving the structural details. We evaluated our approach on the UAV data of different crop types including rice, beans, and cotton. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods. As our approach requires no annotated labels, it can be easily embedded into the off-the-shelf color transfer approaches. Relevant codes and configurations will be available at https://github.com/huanghsheng/object-based-attention-mechanism.
Non-autonomous boundary value problems on the real line

We study the existence of solutions for the problem $(\Phi(x'(t)))'=f(t,x(t),x'(t))$, $x(-\infty)=0, x(+\infty)=1$, where $\Phi$: IR $\to$ IR is a monotone function which generalizes the one-dimensional p-Laplacian operator. When the right-hand side of the equation has the product structure $f(t,x,x')=a(t,x)b(x,x')$, we deduce operative criteria for the existence and non-existence of solutions.
BUBBLE COMPUTATION, GRANULAR TEMPERATURES, AND REYNOLDS STRESSES

Bubbles were simulated in a two-dimensional fluidized bed with a constant inlet velocity using two computer codes, the IIT code and the MFIX code. The computational results were compared to the Jung et al. (2005) experiments in a thin bubbling bed of 530 μm glass beads. The use of higher order numerics produces better bubble resolution due to smaller numerical diffusion. The computed bubble sizes and their distributions agreed with the experiments. The simulations show that there is no bubble formation for sufficiently elastic particles. CFD computations and previous experiments show that in the bubbling fluidized beds there exist two random oscillations. The first kind is due to random oscillations of particles and is measured by the conventional granular temperature. The second one is due to motion of bubbles and gives rise to Reynolds type stresses. It is shown that the particle granular temperature is much smaller than the bubble-like granular temperature computed from the average of the normal Reynolds stresses, measured by Cody using a shot noise technique.
ournal of Statistical Mechanics: J Theory and Experiment Inﬁnite Shannon entropy

Even if a probability distribution is properly normalizable, its associated Shannon (or von Neumann) entropy can easily be inﬁnite. We carefully analyze conditions under which this phenomenon can occur. Roughly speaking, this happens when arbitrarily small amounts of probability are dispersed into an inﬁnite number of states; we shall quantify this observation and make it precise. We develop several particularly simple, elementary, and useful bounds, and also provide some asymptotic estimates, leading to necessary and suﬃcient conditions for the occurrence of inﬁnite Shannon entropy. We go to some eﬀort to keep technical computations as simple and conceptually clear as possible. In particular, we shall see that large entropies cannot be localized in state space; large entropies can only be supported on an exponentially large number of states. We are for the time being interested in single-channel Shannon entropy in the information theoretic sense, not entropy in a stochastic ﬁeld theory or quantum ﬁeld theory deﬁned over some conﬁguration space, on the grounds that this simple problem is a necessary precursor to understanding inﬁnite entropy in a ﬁeld theoretic context.
Halal tourism demand and firm performance forecasting: new evidence from machine learning

ABSTRACT This study forecasts both Halal tourism demand (HTD) and the financial performance of Halal tourism industry of Malaysia using machine learning. Based on the data over the period from 2009 to 2020, this study considered 338,233 tweets sentiments, and 11 Google trend keywords, firm-specific variables, and macroeconomic variables for HTD and financial performance forecasting. Out of 14 machine learning algorithms, this study found Bagged classification and regression trees method outperforms other forecasting models. The forecasting accuracy scores of HTD and firm financial performance models are 93.71% and 80.12%, respectively. The results reveal that internet data variables (Twitter & Google Trend) significantly contribute to the forecasting models. Evidently, our models functioned optimally during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers to devise sustainable Halal tourism.
Precession of the epsilon ring of Uranus

The boundaries of the epsilon ring can be fit by aligned Keplerian ellipses. Differential precession due to the quadrupole moment of Uranus tends to destroy the apse alignment. We propose that apse alignment is maintained by the self-gravity of the ring. The required ring mass approx.5 x 10/sup 18/ g which corresponds to a surface density at quadrature approx.25 g cm/sup -2/.
Geometric Exponents of Dilute Logarithmic Minimal Models

The fractal dimensions of the hull, the external perimeter and of the red bonds are measured through Monte Carlo simulations for dilute minimal models, and compared with predictions from conformal field theory and SLE methods. The dilute models used are those first introduced by Nienhuis. Their loop fugacity is beta = -2cos(pi/barkappa}) where the parameter barkappa is linked to their description through conformal loop ensembles. It is also linked to conformal field theories through their central charges c = 13 - 6(barkappa + barkappa^{-1}) and, for the minimal models of interest here, barkappa = p/p' where p and p' are two coprime integers. The geometric exponents of the hull and external perimeter are studied for the pairs (p,p') = (1,1), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5), (5,6), (5,7), and that of the red bonds for (p,p') = (3,4). Monte Carlo upgrades are proposed for these models as well as several techniques to improve their speeds. The measured fractal dimensions are obtained by extrapolation on the lattice size H,V -> infinity. The extrapolating curves have large slopes; despite these, the measured dimensions coincide with theoretical predictions up to three or four digits. In some cases, the theoretical values lie slightly outside the confidence intervals; explanations of these small discrepancies are proposed.
Measuring the bending of asymmetric planar EAP structures

The geometric characterization of low-voltage dielectric electro-active polymer (EAP) structures, comprised of nanometer thickness but areas of square centimeters, for applications such as artificial sphincters requires methods with nanometer precision. Direct optical detection is usually restricted to sub-micrometer resolution because of the wavelength of the light applied. Therefore, we propose to take advantage of the cantilever bending system with optical readout revealing a sub-micrometer resolution at the deflection of the free end. It is demonstrated that this approach allows us to detect bending of rather conventional planar asymmetric, dielectric EAP-structures applying voltages well below 10 V. For this purpose, we built 100 μm-thin silicone films between 50 nm-thin silver layers on a 25 μm-thin polyetheretherketone (PEEK) substrate. The increase of the applied voltage in steps of 50 V until 1 kV resulted in a cantilever bending that exhibits only in restricted ranges the expected square dependence. The mean laser beam displacement on the detector corresponded to 6 nm per volt. The apparatus will therefore become a powerful mean to analyze and thereby improve low-voltage dielectric EAP-structures to realize nanometer-thin layers for stack actuators to be incorporated into artificial sphincter systems for treating severe urinary and fecal incontinence.
Identification, Classification and Characterization Analysis of FBXL Gene in Cotton

F-box/LR (FBXL), Leucine-rich repeats in F-box proteins, belongs to the Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein (SCF) E3 ligase family. FBXL genes play important roles in plant growth, such as plant hormones, responses to environmental stress, and floral organ development. Here, a total of 518 FBXL genes were identified and analyzed in six plant species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AtFBXLs, VvFBXLs, and GrFBXLs were clustered into three subfamilies (Ⅰ-Ⅲ). Based on the composition of the F-box domain and carboxyl-terminal amino acid sequence, FBXL proteins were classified into three types (Type-A/-B/-C). Whole-genome duplication (WGD) along with tandem duplications and segmental contributed to the expansion of this gene family. The result indicates that four cotton species are also divided into three subfamilies. FBXLs in cotton were classified into three clades by phylogenetic and structural analyses. Furthermore, expression analyses indicated that the expression patterns of GhFBXLs in different cotton tissues were different. The highly expressed of GH_A07G2363 in 5–8 mm anthers, indicates that this gene might play a role in the reproductive process, providing candidate genes for future studies on cotton fertility materials. This study provides an original functional opinion and a useful interpretation of the FBXL protein family in cotton.
Understanding the nanophotonic light-trapping structure of diatom frustule for enhanced solar energy conversion: a theoretical and experimental study

Recent designs in nanophotonic light-trapping technologies offer promising potential to develop high-efficiency thin-film solar cell at dramatically reduced cost. However, the lack of a cost effective scalable nanomanufacturing technique remains the main road-block. In nature, diatoms exhibit high solar energy harvesting efficiency due to their frustules (i.e., hard porous cell wall made of silica) possessing remarkable hierarchical nano-features optimized for the photosynthetic process through millions of years evolution. To explore this unique light trapping effect, different species of diatoms (Coscinodiscus sp. and Coscinodiscus wailesii) are cultured and characterized by Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA) and Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method are employed to numerically study the nanophotonic light-trapping effect. The absorption efficiency is significantly enhanced over the spectrum region centered on 450nm and 700nm where the electric fields are found strongly confined within the active layer. The transmission and reflection spectra are also measured by optical spectroscopy and the experimental results are in good agreement with numerical simulations.
Compatible systems of symplectic Galois representations and the inverse Galois problem I. Images of projective representations

This article is the first part of a series of three articles about compatible systems of symplectic Galois representations and applications to the inverse Galois problem. In this first part, we determine the smallest field over which the projectivisation of a given symplectic group representation satisfying some natural conditions can be defined. The answer only depends on inner twists. We apply this to the residual representations of a compatible system of symplectic Galois representations satisfying some mild hypothesis and obtain precise information on their projective images for almost all members of the system, under the assumption of huge residual images, by which we mean that a symplectic group of full dimension over the prime field is contained up to conjugation. Finally, we obtain an application to the inverse Galois problem. MSC (2010): 11F80 (Galois representations); 20C25 (Projective representations and multipliers), 12F12 (Inverse Galois theory).
Homogénéité locale pour les métriques riemanniennes holomorphes en dimension $3$

Une metrique riemannienne holomorphe sur une variete complexe M est une section holomorphe q du fibre S 2 (F*M) des formes quadratiques complexes sur l'espace tangent holomorphe a M telle que, en tout point m de M, la forme quadratique complexe q(m) est non degeneree (de rang maximal, egal a la dimension complexe de M). Il s'agit de l'analogue, dans le contexte holomorphe, d'une metrique riemannienne (reelle). Contrairement au cas reel, l'existence d'une telle metrique sur une variete complexe compacte n'est nullement assuree et impose des conditions tres restrictives a la variete. Dans cet article nous demontrons que sur les varietes complexes compactes connexes de dimension 3 les metriques riemanniennes holomorphes sont. necessairement localement homogenes (i.e. le pseudo-groupe des isometries locales agit transitivement sur la variete). Dans certains cas, ceci nous conduit a des theoremes de classification. Il convient de situer ce resultat dans le cadre des structures geometriques rigides au sens de Gromov (a l'instar des metriques pseudo-riemanniennes, les metriques riemanniennes holomorphes sont bien des structures rigides). Nos methodes melangent a la fois des arguments de geometrie differentielle rigide, des resultats de la theorie des invariants pour les actions algebriques et des techniques qui viennent de la geometrie analytique complexe.
Around the entropic Talagrand inequality

In this article we study generalization of the classical Talagrand transport-entropy inequality in which the Wasserstein distance is replaced by the entropic transportation cost. This class of inequalities has been introduced in the recent work [9], in connection with the study of Schrodinger bridges. We provide several equivalent characterizations in terms of reverse hypercontractivity for the heat semigroup, contractivity of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman semigroup and dimension-free concentration of measure. Properties such as tensorization and relations to other functional inequalities are also investigated. In particular, we show that the inequalities studied in this article are implied by a Logarithmic Sobolev inequality and imply Talagrand inequality.
The Borel Complexity of Isomorphism for Complete Theories of Linear Orders With Unary Predicates

We show that if A is a linear order then Th(A) is either $\aleph_0$-categorical or Borel complete (in the sense of Friedman and Stanley). We generalize this; if A has countably many unary predicates attached, then Th(A) is $\aleph_0$-categorical, has finitely many countable models (at least three), is Borel equivalent to equality on the reals, is Borel equivalent to "countable sets of reals," or is Borel complete. Furthermore, each of these cases corresponds in a natural way to a count of models of all sizes, up to back-and-forth equivalence. All these cases are possible and we compute precise model-theoretic conditions indicated which case occurs. This complements work on o-minimal theories where analogous results were shown. A large portion of the machinery under the proof is based on work by Matatyahu Rubin in "Theories of Linear Order," where it was shown that such a theory satisfies Vaught's Conjecture and cannot have precisely $\aleph_0$ countable models.
A high frequency GaN Lamb-wave sensor device

Lamb-wave devices are characterized by high sensitivity to surface perturbations due to acoustic energy confinement in a thin piezoelectric membrane. In this paper, a Lamb-wave delay line device based on a single crystalline GaN membrane is presented. The observed operating frequency of 178.82 MHz was found to be in excellent agreement with numerical analysis predictions. The device as a chemical sensor was evaluated during the application of various concentrations of glycerol on the device surface; its ability to operate as a biosensor was also assessed during the detection of the specific binding of a protein (IgG) to the device surface.
Hubble Space Telescope observations of the nucleus and inner coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Context. Following the postponement of the launch of the Rosetta spacecraft scheduled in January 2003, comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko emerged as the most suitable new target. However a critical issue was the size, that is, the mass of its nucleus, as the surface module Philae was designed to land on a nucleus with a radius no larger than approximately 1.5 km. Aims. It was therefore crucial to the success of the mission to achieve a timely characterization of the nucleus of 67P/C-G so as to take any proper action on the design needed before the new launch. Methods. We used the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) whose superior spatial resolution enabled us to accurately separate the signal of the nucleus from that of the coma. The observations were performed on 12 and 13 March 2003, when the comet was 2.50 AU from the Sun, 1.52 AU from the Earth, and at a phase angle of 4.8°. Results. The nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was easily detected, and we measured its V and R magnitudes in the Johnson-Kron-Cousins photometric system. Assuming that the nucleus is spherical, with a geometric albedo of 0.04 and a phase coefficient of 0.04 mag/deg for the R band, we derived a radius of 1.98 ± 0.02 km. The spheroidal solution has semiaxes a = 2.41 km and b = c = 1.55 km and a rotational period of 12.41 ± 0.41 h. We inverted the light curve and solved it for a full three-dimensional nucleus having an overall size of 4.56 × 3.81 x 3.44 km viewed at an aspect angle of ∼80° (i.e., near equatorial view) at the time of our observations. When combined with other constraints, the direction of the pole is found at either RA = 40° +70° 20° and Dec = +70 ± 10° (prograde rotation) or RA = 250 ± 30° and Dec = -70 ± 10° (retrograde rotation). The color of the nucleus is moderately red with (V - R) = 0.52 ±0.05. From an analysis of the dust coma, we derived A fp = 40.2 ±0.3 cm, a dust production rate Q d ∼ 4 kg s -1 , and we characterized its color.
Existence of global solutions to the derivative NLS equation with the inverse scattering transform method

We address existence of global solutions to the derivative nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger (DNLS) equation without the small-norm assumption. By using the inverse scattering transform method without eigenvalues and resonances, we construct a unique global solution in $H^2(\mathbb{R}) \cap H^{1,1}(\mathbb{R})$ which is also Lipschitz continuous with respect to the initial data. Compared to the existing literature on the spectral problem for the DNLS equation, the corresponding Riemann--Hilbert problem is defined in the complex plane with the jump on the real line.