Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Historia est magistra vitae”? The impact of historical victimhood on current conspiracy beliefs

Conspiracy beliefs constitute a propensity to attribute major events to powerful agents acting against less powerful “victims”. In this article we test whether collective victimhood facilitates conspiracy thinking. Study 1 showed that perceived group victimhood is associated with generic and group-specific conspiracy beliefs, but only for individuals who identify highly with their ingroup. Study 2 employed an experimental design to show that experimentally increased group victimhood leads to increased endorsement of conspiracy beliefs among high ingroup identifiers, but decreases endorsement of conspiracy beliefs among low identifiers. This effect was mediated by lack of trust towards outgroup members. Study 3 sought to replicate Study 2 in a different socio-political context. While Study 3 did not directly support the relationship between victimhood, group identification and conspiracy beliefs, an integrated meta-analysis of all three studies provides evidence for a significant interaction of victimhood and group identification in predicting conspiracy beliefs.
TOOTHBRUSH AND TOWEL HANDLING AND THEIR MICROBIAL QUALITY: THE CASE OF STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, NYANKPALA CAMPUS, GHANA

Background: Good toothbrush and towel handling are important considerations in personal hygiene. Thus, this study sought to assess how students of the University for Development Studies handle their toothbrushes and towels and the consequence of that with regards to the microbial quality of these personnel hygiene materials. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 swap samples were collected (50 toothbrushes and 50 towels) for microbial analysis. Questionnaires were administered to students from whom samples were collected to ascertain information on how they handle toothbrushes and towels. MacConkey agar and Mannitol Salt agar were used to isolate E. coli and S. aureus respectively, and cefoxitin used to identify the methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. Results: E. coli was present in all sampled towels, while 98% of the sampled toothbrushes contained E. coli. It was found that 2% of the respondents kept their toothbrushes in bathhouses, 44% kept them unenclosed in rooms and 54% kept them enclosed in rooms (54%). Also, 48% of the respondents washed their towels once a week, 24% washed once every two weeks, 20% once every month and 8% once a trimester. Moreover, 52% dried their towels in rooms while 48% dried them outside rooms. The occurrence of S. aureus was 96% and 94% respectively for the towels and toothbrushes. Of the S. aureus isolated, 33.3% of sampled towels and 12.8% of the toothbrushes contained methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Conclusion: This study found that, students are at risk of contracting infectious disease if their personal hygiene behaviours do not changed.
Prediction of Equilibrium Partitioning of Nonpolar Organic Solutes in Water- Surfactant Systems by UNIFAC and COSMO-RS Models

In the present study the potential of two thermodynamic-based models (the group-contribution UNIFAC model and the a priori predictive COSMO-RS model) to predict solute partitioning in aqueous surfactant solutions is evaluated. In order to take into account the small size of micelles, the UNIFAC model was extended by the interfacial contribution based on the Gibbs-Thompson equation. The applicability of the approach was successfully proved for the partitioning of nonpolar solutes (toluene, p-xylene) in aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants. The original COSMO-RS model underestimates the concentration of the solute in the aqueous phase in the case of micellar systems since it does not account for the small size of micelles. At the same time, this model gives quantitative results for the octanol/water partition coefficients of both solutes under study leading to the conclusion that the affinity of both solutes to a certain solvent is well described. Thus, extending the COSMO-RS by the interfacial term seems to be promising.
The Kauzmann paradox interpreted via the theory of frustration- limited-domains

The entropy, Sliq(T), of many supercooled liquids decreases strongly and the structural relaxation time increases dramatically as the temperature T is lowered below the melting point, Tm. Below the glass transition temperature, Tg, the system relaxes too slowly for supercooled liquids to equilibrate in the experimental times; however, if the data above Tg are extrapolated to lower T, one finds that the extrapolated Sliq(T)→Sxtal(T) as T→TK, Sxtal(T) being the entropy of the crystal. This phenomenon is known as the “Kauzmann paradox. ” If the extrapolation is extended below TK, it may be that the extrapolated Sliq(T)→0 as T→TKc>0; we call this apparent violation of the third law, the “Kauzmann catastrophe. ” We discuss these phenomena, as well as the general problem of the entropy of supercooled liquids, in terms of the theory of frustration-limited domains. The apparent vanishing of [Sliq(T)−Sxtal(T)] and the apparent violation of the third law that results from extrapolation to T’s below Tg are consistent .
Broadcasting La Liga

We study the sharing of revenues raised from the collective sale of broadcasting rights for La Liga, which is strongly regulated by the Spanish government since 2015. Regulation imposes, somewhat surprisingly, that lower bounds and performance measures outweigh the capability (of each club) to generate resources from selling broadcasting rights. Also, more disturbingly, the latter dimension cannot be rationalized by a sharing rule with solid normative grounds.
Mineral Nutrient Composition of Edible Wild Plants

Abstract Mineral element composition is given for the leaves of eight species of edible wild plants used by the first European farmers and still consumed at the present day in a primitive way. Amounts of moisture, ash, organic nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese were computed. Plants harvested in several places where these species grow were analyzed. This is the first comprehensive nutrient report on most of these species of leafy green vegetables. Mineral element content was high in Amaranthus viridis and Verbena officinalis. Moisture content was found to be high, above 90/100 g, in Stellaria media, and therefore most mineral elements were found in small amounts in this species. Sodium content (292 mg/100 g) was high for Crithmum maritimum, a halophytic species. K/Na, Ca/P, and Na/(Ca + Mg) nutrient ratios were also found to be favorable in most cases.
Investigation of shock dynamics in an axisymmetric inlet/isolator with attached boundary layers

Abstract Shock oscillations within a model two-dimensional axisymmetric inlet with a constant area isolator are investigated under the condition of maintaining an unseparated boundary layer throughout the inlet/isolator section. Power spectral densities of the wall-pressure fluctuations beneath each shock leg intersecting the isolator surface exhibited a very low frequency broadband oscillation in the 10–100 Hz range as well as a very high frequency broadband oscillations above 10 kHz. Whereas the high frequency oscillations are attributed to the incoming boundary layer fluctuations, detailed investigations into the pressure fluctuation communication pathways within the isolator and their length scale of communication are made to elucidate the origin of the low frequency fluctuations. It was found that the downstream propagation of pressure fluctuations is primarily by the convection of the boundary layer structures and this communication occurred over several boundary layer thicknesses. The upstream propagation occurs through acoustic waves that extend over a distance of one local boundary layer thickness. Based on this understanding, a physical model is constructed, which makes an accurate prediction of pressure power spectrum of the low frequency shock wave oscillations; the model predictions also favourably compare with the shock oscillations in external shock boundary layer interactions without shock-induced flow separation.
Becoming a perfectionistic adolescent: Perceived parental behaviors involved in developmental trajectories of perfectionism

Perfectionism is a pervasive and prevalent personality disposition with high implications for psychological maladjustment. Adolescence represents a particularly relevant period for the development of perfectionism, and perceived parental behaviors have been shown to play an important part. Yet, so far only few longitudinal studies have investigated the role of risk and protective parental behaviors in the development of perfectionism in adolescents. Examining a sample of 744 adolescents (Mage = 15.2 years), the present study investigated developmental trajectories of self-oriented, socially prescribed, and other-oriented perfectionism over four waves spaced five to six months apart. Results of growth mixture modeling showed that self-oriented perfectionism followed three developmental trajectories (low and decreasing; medium and decreasing; high and stable) as did socially prescribed perfectionism (low and stable; medium and increasing; high and stable). Other-oriented perfectionism showed four developmental trajectories (low and decreasing; low and stable; high and stable; high and increasing). Significant differences were observed between groups regarding all investigated perceived parental behaviors (psychological control, behavioral control, responsiveness, and autonomy support). Similarities and differences between the development of each form of perfectionism and the role of each parental behavior as well as implications of these findings for the understanding of the development of perfectionism in adolescence are discussed.
Exploratory Insights on Artificial Intelligence for Government in Europe

There is great interest to use artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to improve government processes and public services. However, the adoption of technologies has often been challenging for public administrations. In this article, the adoption of AI in governmental organizations has been researched as a form of information and communication technologies (ICT)–enabled governance innovation in the public sector. Based on findings from three cases of AI adoption in public sector organizations, this article shows strong similarities between the antecedents identified in previous academic literature and the factors contributing to the use of AI in government. The adoption of AI in government does not solely rely on having high-quality data but is facilitated by numerous environmental, organizational, and other factors that are strictly intertwined among each other. To address the specific nature of AI in government and the complexity of its adoption in the public sector, we thus propose a framework to provide a comprehensive overview of the key factors contributing to the successful adoption of AI systems, going beyond the narrow focus on data, processing power, and algorithm development often highlighted in the mainstream AI literature and policy discourse.
Air spark-like plasma source for antimicrobial NOx generation

We demonstrate and analyse the generation of nitrogen oxides and their antimicrobial efficacy using atmospheric air spark-like plasmas. Spark-like discharges in air in a 1 L confined volume are shown to generate NOx at an initial rate of about 1.5 × 1016 NOx molecules/J dissipated in the plasma. Such a discharge operating in this confined volume generates on the order of 6000 ppm NOx in 10 min. Around 90% of the NOx is in the form of NO2 after several minutes of operation in the confined volume, suggesting that NO2 is the dominant antimicrobial component. The strong antimicrobial action of the NOx mixture after several minutes of plasma operation is demonstrated by measuring rates of E. coli disinfection on surfaces and in water exposed to the NOx mixture. Some possible applications of plasma generation of NOx (perhaps followed by dissolution in water) include disinfection of surfaces, skin or wound antisepsis, and sterilization of medical instruments at or near room temperature.
Statistical inference for doubly geometric process with Weibull interarrival times

Abstract In recent years, the doubly geometric process is started to use as a model to fit the data from a series of events since it provides a more flexible model for wider application than the geometric process. In the applications of the doubly geometric process, the estimation problem associated with the process can arise. In this study, we deal with this problem for the stochastic process model determined by doubly geometric process when the distribution of the first interarrival time is assumed to be Weibull. The model parameters of the doubly geometric process and the parameters of Weibull distribution are estimated by using the maximum likelihood method. The joint asymptotic distribution of the estimators is obtained. We investigate some statistical properties of the estimators such as asymptotic unbiasedness and consistency. The proposed estimators are evaluated through a computer simulation study with different parameter values and sample sizes. Two goodness-of-fitness tests are applied to show that the Weibull distribution may be used for the two real world data sets which can be modeled by doubly geometric process. Finally, we present the estimators of the model and distribution parameters for these data sets.
Heat transfer in a turbulent channel flow with super-hydrophobic or liquid-infused walls

Abstract Heat transport over super-hydrophobic (SHS) and liquid-infused surfaces (LIS) is studied using direct numerical simulations of a turbulent channel flow. The lower wall of the channel consists of either longitudinal or transversal bars with a secondary fluid locked in the cavities between the surface elements. We consider two viscosity ratios between the fluids mimicking SHS and LIS. The thermal diffusivity is varied to assess its effect on thermal performance. We investigate the dependence of heat transfer on the elements pitch-to-height ratio and on the interface dynamics. The interface deformation (dependent upon the surface tension between the two fluids) is fully coupled to the fluid governing equations with the level-set method. Present simulations are consistent with published results about the drag-reducing potential of SHS and LIS in turbulent flow compared to the smooth wall. In the limiting case of infinite surface tension (the interface remains flat and slippery), heat transfer efficiency (heat transfer to drag ratio) can be enhanced compared to a smooth wall. Although the total heat flux is marginally reduced, SHS and LIS with longitudinal ridges achieve a comparatively larger drag reduction, which increases the efficiency. A model is derived from the energy equation to correlate the heat transfer performance with the thermal slip length ($b_\theta$), analogous to the streamwise slip length ($b$) used in the literature to scale drag reduction. Consistently with the model, results show that heat transfer efficiency is larger than for a smooth wall when the thermal slip length is smaller than the streamwise slip length (longitudinal bars). Vice versa, transversal bars present $b/b_\theta <1$ and a smaller heat transfer efficiency than the smooth wall. In the case of finite surface tension, the dynamics of the interface generates a turbulent flux which improves the thermal performance, but tends to decrease the amount of drag reduction. Liquid-infused surfaces are more robust than SHS to the deformation of the interface thanks to the larger viscosity of the secondary fluid and maintain about the same drag reduction as in the infinite surface tension case. For SHS longitudinal bars, simultaneous increase in heat transfer and reduction in drag are observed, leading to an apparent breakdown of the Reynolds analogy. Also in the case of finite surface tension, heat transfer efficiency scales with the relative magnitude of the thermal and streamwise slip lengths. The results suggest a potential expansion of the control space for engineers. Depending on the application, one can reach an optimal combination of heat transfer and drag by tuning the shape of the substrate and the viscosity and diffusivity ratios.
Jetting in finite-amplitude, free, capillary-gravity waves

Abstract We present a theoretical and computational study of the mechanics of a jet formed from a large amplitude, axisymmetric, capillary-gravity wave on the surface of a liquid pool in a cylindrical container. Jetting can cause a pronounced overshoot of the interface at the axis of symmetry. A linear theory presented earlier in Farsoiya et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 826, 2017, pp. 797–818) was shown to be incapable of describing this jet. To understand its mechanics, we present here the inviscid, weakly nonlinear solution to the initial value problem where the initial surface perturbation is a single Fourier–Bessel mode on quiescent fluid. The theory predicts that energy injected into a primary (Bessel) mode initially is transferred nonlinearly to a spectrum of modes. The extent of the theoretically predicted energy transfer is found to be very accurate for modes up to the second harmonic. We show using numerical simulations that the jet originates as a small dimple formed at the trough of the wave, analogous to similar observations in bubble cavity collapse (Duchemin et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 14, 2002, pp. 3000–3008; Lai et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. vol. 121, 2018, 144501). The theory is able to describe the jet overshoot and the velocity and pressure fields in the liquid qualitatively, but does not capture the temporal evolution of the dimple or the thinning of the jet neck leading to pinchoff. Modal analysis shows that the latter phenomenon requires higher-order approximations, beyond the second order presented here. The nonlinear theory yields explicit analytical expressions without any fitting parameters which are systematically tested against numerical simulations of the incompressible Euler equation. The theory contains cylindrical analogues of the singularities corresponding to second harmonic resonance (Wilton, Lond. Edinb. Dubl. Phil. Mag. J. Sci., vol. 29, 1915, pp. 688–700). The connection of these to triadic resonant interactions among capillary-gravity waves in a cylindrical confined geometry is discussed.
Lung Metastasis Probability in Ewing Sarcoma: A Nomogram Based on the SEER Database

Background. Up to now, an accurate nomogram to predict the lung metastasis probability in Ewing sarcoma (ES) at initial diagnosis is lacking. Our objective was to construct and validate a nomogram for the prediction of lung metastasis in ES patients. Methods. A total of 1157 patients with ES from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were retrospectively collected. The predictors of lung metastasis were identified via the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic analysis. The discrimination and calibration of the nomogram were validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical usefulness and net benefits of the prediction model. Results. Factors including age, tumor size, primary site, tumor extension, and other site metastasis were identified as the ultimate predictors for the nomogram. The calibration curves for the training and validation cohorts both revealed good agreement, and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test identified that the model was well fitted (p > 0.05). In addition, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) values in the training and validation cohorts were 0.732 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.607–0.808) and 0.741 (95% CI: 0.602–0.856), respectively, indicating good predictive discrimination. The DCA showed that when the predictive metastasis probability was between 1% and 90%, the nomogram could provide clinical usefulness and net benefit. Conclusion. The nomogram constructed and validated by us could provide a convenient and effective tool for clinicians that can improve prediction of the probability of lung metastasis in patients with ES at initial diagnosis.
Preventive efficacy of a tenofovir alafenamide fumarate nanofluidic implant in SHIV-challenged nonhuman primates

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using antiretroviral oral drugs is effective at preventing HIV transmission when individuals adhere to the dosing regimen. Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is a potent antiretroviral drug, with numerous long-acting (LA) delivery systems under development to improve PrEP adherence. However, none has undergone preventive efficacy assessment. Here we show that LA TAF using a novel subcutaneous nanofluidic implant (nTAF) confers partial protection from HIV transmission. We demonstrate that sustained subcutaneous delivery through nTAF in rhesus macaques maintained tenofovir diphosphate concentration at a median of 390.00 fmol/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells, 9 times above clinically protective levels. In a non-blinded, placebo-controlled rhesus macaque study with repeated low-dose rectal SHIVSF162P3 challenge, the nTAF cohort had a 62.50% reduction (95% CI: 1.72% to 85.69%; p=0.068) in risk of infection per exposure compared to the control. Our finding mirrors that of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) monotherapy, where 60.00% protective efficacy was observed in macaques, and clinically, 67.00% reduction in risk with 86.00% preventive efficacy in individuals with detectable drug in the plasma. Overall, our nanofluidic technology shows potential as a subcutaneous delivery platform for long-term PrEP and provides insights for clinical implementation of LA TAF for HIV prevention.
Dynamics of Quasiperiodic Beams

Quasiperiodic metastrucures are characterized by edge localized modes of topological nature, which can be of significant technological interest. We here investigate such topological modes for stiffened and sandwich beams, which can be employed as structural members with inherent vibration localization capabilities. Quasiperiodicity is achieved by altering the geometric properties and material properties of the beams. Specifically, in the stiffened beams, the geometric location of stiffeners is modulated to quasiperiodic patterns, while, in the sandwich beams, the core’s material properties are varied in a step-wise manner to generate such patterns. The families of periodic and quasiperiodic beams for both stiffened and sandwich-type are obtained by varying a projection parameter that governs the location of the center of the stiffener or the alternating core, respectively. The dynamics of stiffened quasiperiodic beams is investigated through 3-D finite element simulations, which leads to the observation of the fractal nature of the bulk spectrum and the illustration of topological edge modes that populate bulk spectral bandgaps. The frequency spectrum is further elucidated by employing polarization factors that distinguish multiple contributing modes. The frequency response of the finite stiffened cantilever beams confirms the presence of modes in the non-trivial bandgaps and further demonstrates that those modes are localized at the free edge. A similar analysis is conducted for the analysis of sandwich composite beams, for which computations rely on a dynamic stiffness matrix approach. This work motivates the use of quasiperiodic beams in the design of stiffened and sandwich structures as structural members in applications where vibration isolation is combined with load-carrying functions.