Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bolton tooth size analysis in a sample of Sudanese adults

Introduction: A correct proportion between the upper and lower teeth is critical to achieving proper occlusal interdigitation, ideal overjet, and good molar intercuspation at the end of orthodontic treatment. Objectives: To determine the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratio in the Sudanese population, investigate gender differences in tooth size ratios, and to compare these results with Bolton’s original ratio norm. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of dental casts of 104 Sudanese University students with normal occlusion (52 females, 52 males), aged between 16-26 years randomly selected from ALNeelain University. An electronic digital caliper was used to measure the mesiodistal tooth size of the maxillary and mandibular teeth anterior to the second molars. These measurements were then used to obtain Bolton’s ratio. Mean, range, and standard deviation of the anterior and overall ratios were computed for each subject. T-Tests were used to compare gender differences and to investigate differences between the results of this study and Bolton’s original ratio. Results: Anterior and overall Bolton ratios for males were 78.43 ± 2.44 and 93.901 ± 9.8 and for females were 78.29 ± 2.6 and 91.67 ± 3.3 percent, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between males and females for the anterior and overall ratios (P>0.05). The anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios among Sudanese University students were 78.37 ± 2.54, and 92.79 ± 7.43 percent, respectively. A statistically significant difference between this study and Bolton’s study was found in both anterior and overall ratio (P≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Bolton’s mean ratios may not be applicable to the Sudanese population. RESUMO
A road to nowhere? The non-transitional sequence at El Esquilleu (Cantabria, Spain)

El Esquilleu cave has one of the most complete Middle Paleolithic stratigraphies of northern Iberia with a complete chronological framework almost continuous from the beginning of MIS3. The complete analysis of the materials including the last section of the sequence corresponding to the last chronological interval of the occupation in the region shows clear evolutionary tendencies by important changes in the composition of the lithic assemblage. Its study confirms a continuous occupation without any gaps during the Mousterian until recent dates but without any Upper Paleolithic presence. This sequence, referenced to the Mousterian settlement of the Picos de Europa mountains, testifies to the existence of a Mousterian presence in northern Iberia with no clear relation to other Cantabrian areas. Consequently, its occupation without a break until the crucial phase of the end of the Middle Paleolithic suggests a non-transitional process in the history of local Neanderthal groups.
Spectroscopic Description of the E1 State of Mo Nitrogenase Based on Mo and Fe X-ray Absorption and Mössbauer Studies

Mo nitrogenase (N2ase) utilizes a two-component protein system, the catalytic MoFe and its electron-transfer partner FeP, to reduce atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3). The FeMo cofactor contained in the MoFe protein serves as the catalytic center for this reaction and has long inspired model chemistry oriented toward activating N2. This field of chemistry has relied heavily on the detailed characterization of how Mo N2ase accomplishes this feat. Understanding the reaction mechanism of Mo N2ase itself has presented one of the most challenging problems in bioinorganic chemistry because of the ephemeral nature of its catalytic intermediates, which are difficult, if not impossible, to singly isolate. This is further exacerbated by the near necessity of FeP to reduce native MoFe, rendering most traditional means of selective reduction inept. We have now investigated the first fundamental intermediate of the MoFe catalytic cycle, E1, as prepared both by low-flux turnover and radiolytic cryoreduction, using a combination of Mo Kα high-energy-resolution fluorescence detection and Fe K-edge partial-fluorescence-yield X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques. The results demonstrate that the formation of this state is the result of an Fe-centered reduction and that Mo remains redox-innocent. Furthermore, using Fe X-ray absorption and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopies, we correlate a previously reported unique species formed under cryoreducing conditions to the natively formed E1 state through annealing, demonstrating the viability of cryoreduction in studying the catalytic intermediates of MoFe.
Collaborative Filtering with Preferences Inferred from Brain Signals

Collaborative filtering is a common technique in which interaction data from a large number of users are used to recommend items to an individual that the individual may prefer but has not interacted with. Previous approaches have achieved this using a variety of behavioral signals, from dwell time and clickthrough rates to self-reported ratings. However, such signals are mere estimations of the real underlying preferences of the users. Here, we use brain-computer interfacing to infer preferences directly from the human brain. We then utilize these preferences in a collaborative filtering setting and report results from an experiment where brain inferred preferences are used in a neural collaborative filtering framework. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that brain-computer interfacing can provide a viable alternative for behavioral and self-reported preferences in realistic recommendation scenarios. We also discuss the broader implications of our findings for personalization systems and user privacy.
The Impact of Obesity on Periodontal Health Status in Adolescent Iraqi Students

Objetive: The aim of this study was to estimate the effect and association of obesity on the periodontal health status of middle school students. Materials and Methods: This study included 180 secondary school students aged 1215 years from Baghdad City in the survey. BMIfor-age (body mass index for age) was utilized to detect overweight and obesity. Furthermore, periodontal screening records (PSR) index was performed to evaluate the oral hygiene and periodontal condition of the subjects. Chisquare tests and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Results: A highly significant association of BMI-for-age with periodontal health (codes 0, 1, 2, and 3) was observed. The association of gender and periodontal health was highly significant in code 3, significant in codes 0 and 1, and it was not significant in code 2. Additionally, the ANOVA test revealed that the effects of gender and BMI-for-age on periodontal health were significant. In contrast, the effect of the interaction between gender and BMI-for-age on periodontal health was not it was not significant. Conclusions: In adolescents, bad oral hygiene was correlated with extra body fat indicators. Therefore, oral health preventive schedules should take into consideration the relationship between periodontal condition and overweight/obesity in teenagers. RESUMO
The early surgical period in robotic radical hysterectomy is related to the recurrence after surgery in stage IB cervical cancer

Objective: To identify the pattern of recurrence and assess the clinicopathologic prognostic factors for survival after robotic radical hysterectomy (RRH) in the treatment of stage IB cervical cancer. Methods: From December 2008 to March 2018, 64 cervical cancer patients who underwent RRH with pelvic lymph node dissection by a single surgeon were enrolled in this retrospective historical cohort timeline study. The patient's status was estimated in terms of operative outcomes, pathologic results, and survival outcomes. Results: The median follow-up was 63 months. The recurrence rate was 9.4% (6/64). There were two recurrences at the vaginal vault, two in the pelvic cavity, and two at the peritoneum in the intraabdominal cavity. The overall survival rate was 95.3% (61/64). When patients were divided into three groups in order based on surgery date, the first surgical period showed significantly higher recurrence rate (21%) compared to both the second (10%) and the third period (0%) (p=0.037). Multivariate analysis showed that the early period of RRH (p=0.025) and clinical tumor size more than 3 cm (p=0.003) were prognostic factors related to the recurrence. Although there was no statistical significance, there has been no recurrence since a uterine manipulator was not used. Conclusion: The early surgical period and large tumor were related to the disease recurrence after RRH. We suggest that the achievement of proficiency and appropriate patient selection are critical for prognosis after RRH in stage IB cervical cancer.
University of Groningen Increased concentrations of both NMDA receptor co-agonists D-serine and glycine in global ischemia

Worldwide, perinatal asphyxia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among term-born children. Overactivation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cerebral hypoxia–ischemia, but the role of both endogenous NMDAr co-agonists D-serine and glycine remains largely elusive. We investigated D-serine and glycine concentration changes in rat glioma cells, subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and CSF from piglets exposed to hypoxia– ischemia by occlusion of both carotid arteries and hypoxia. We illustrated these findings with analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from human newborns affected by perinatal asphyxia. Extracellular concentrations of glycine and D-serine were markedly increased in rat glioma cells exposed to OGD, presumably through increased synthesis from L-serine. Upon reperfusion glycine concentrations normalized and D-serine concentrations were significantly lowered. The in vivo studies corroborated the finding of initially elevated and then normalizing concentrations of glycine and decreased D-serine concentrations upon reperfusion These significant increases of both endogenous NMDAr co-agonists in combination with elevated glutamate concentrations, as induced by global cerebral ischemia, are bound to lead to massive NMDAr activation, excitotoxicity and neuronal damage. Influencing these NMDAr co-agonist concentrations provides an interesting treatment target for this common, devastating and currently poorly treatable condition.
ESTIMATION OF GLOBAL MEIOFAUNA AND MACROFAUNA BIOMASS

Global distribution models of benthic biomass were generated for meiobenthos (0.1-1 mm) and macrobenthos (1 mm 1 cm) based on general linear models linking benthos biomass with depth, sea surface and bottom temperature, and surface chlorophyll-a. The source of the data points (n=184 and n=140, respectively), and environmental variables used for the calculations are presented, along with the most important sources of uncertainty. The models for meiofauna and macrofauna accounted for 27% and 42% of the variation in measured biomass values, respectively (p < 0.0001). The model predicts a total of 2.34 x 109 teragrams of meiofauna biomass and 1.07 x 107 teragrams macrofauna biomass across the world ocean for an estimated total of 1.3 x 1010 teragrams benthic invertebrate meiofauna and macrofauna biomass worldwide. This study, performed about 12 years ago, but not published then, yielded result roughly similar to the more detailed contribution by Wei et al. (2010, PLoS ONE 5(12): e 15323; doi: 10:1371/journal.pone. 0015323), though it is based on far less input data and variables.
Effects of Propolis Extract Supplementation during Pregnancy on Stress Oxidative and Pregnancy Outcome: Levels of Malondialdehyde, 8-Oxo-2′-Deoxogunosine, Maternal Body Weight, and Number of Fetuses

Oxidative stress is related to pregnancy complications that could increase maternal and infant mortality. This study aimed to determine the effect of propolis extract supplementation during pregnancy on oxidative stress level and pregnancy outcomes utilizing Malonedealdehyde (MDA) and 8-Oxo-2′-Deoxogunosine (8-OHdG) levels, maternal body weight, and the average number of fetuses as the parameters. The study was conducted by using a posttest only control group design on 24 pregnant Wistar rats, which were divided into four groups. Group I was control, Group II-IV were the treatment groups given propolis extract of 1.8mg, 3.6mg, and 7.2mg/200gBW/day, respectively. The standard feed given was AIN93G dose of 20g/day and distilled water ad libitum. Propolis extract was given using a gastric feeding tube every morning for 20 days. At the end of the treatment, body weight was meisured and blood collected for assessed MDA and 8-OHdG levels by ELISA method and then we performed abdominal surgery to count number of fetuses. The result are there were decreasing level of MDA and 8-OHDG by administration of propolis significantly (p<0.05) group: I: 2,04±0,091, II: 1,55±0,067, III: 1,05±0,176, IV: 0,73±0,075 (mmol/mL) (p=0.001); 8 OHdG level (ng/mL) group I: 10,02±0,403, II: 8,60±0,078, III: 7,89±0,051, IV: 7,53±0,063 (p=0,001). Average of maternal body weight (g) were increased: group I: 228,33±3,93, II: 237,17±4,36, III: 244,83±4,02, IV: 248,00±5,76 (p=0,001) and Average number of fetuses tend to increased as well, group I : 8,5±0,05, II: 7,8±0,41, III: 9,5±1,05, IV: 9,6±0,52 (p=0,02). The conclusion of this research are supplementation of propolis extract in pregnant rats can reduce oxidative stress and improve pregnancy outcomes.
CMAR_A_275038 8519..8526

1University of Gondar Specialized Comprehensive Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Health System and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 3Department of Health Informatics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 4Health Systems Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Background: Cervical cancer is one of the profound threats to women’s lives and the fourth most common cancer among women. Ethiopia launched the human papilloma vaccination for the first time, with the support of the Global Alliance for Vaccine and Immunization (GAVI) in 2018. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the acceptability of the human papillomavirus vaccine and associated factors among parents of daughters in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study with a total sample of 946 study participants was conducted in Gondar town from April to May 2019. The study participants were selected using a multistage sampling technique from parents having a daughter of 9−17 years age. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data were entered into EpiData version 4.2 and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. Variables having a p-value of <0.2 and <0.05 in the bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were considered as a statistically significant factor for the acceptance of HPV vaccination. Results: A total of 899 study participants with a response rate of 95% were included in the study. Among participants in this study, 81.3% with 95% CI (78.6, 83.7) accepted to vaccinate their daughters for HPV vaccination. The acceptance to vaccinate daughters for HPV vaccination was affected by being from the richest household [AOR= 3.44, 95% CI = (1.97, 6.01)], good knowledge about cervical cancer [AOR=5.49, 95% CI= (2.62, 11.52)], and positive attitude towards HPV vaccination [AOR=21.53, 95% CI= (11.60, 39.96)]. Conclusion: The study revealed that the acceptance to human papillomavirus vaccination is high and was significantly associated with the level of knowledge about cervical cancer, the attitude towards HPV vaccination, and the wealth status of the households. Therefore, community education on cervical cancer and its prevention is crucial to increase awareness and acceptance as well.
Editorial: Corporate governance and regulation: Trends and outlooks

Notwithstanding the difficulties due to the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, the editorial team is proud to present a new issue of the Journal of Governance and Regulation. In particular, the latest 2020 issue 2 of volume 9 includes contributions from various authors who focus on a number of interesting topics in the field of governance and regulation, including the development and penetration of new technologies in corporate governance, the protection of stakeholders and the role of regulators and policy makers in such respect.
Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Bakteri Asam Laktat Penghasil Bakteriosin Dari Urutan, Sosis Fermentasi Tradisional Bali Isolation And Identification Of Bacteriocin Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria From Urutan, Balinese Traditional Fermented Sausage

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the main bacterial group in the urutan which play an important role in the fermentation process and inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Urutan is a Balinese sausage, that is traditionally produced and naturally fermented. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify LAB that can produce bacteriocins from the urutans. The urutans used in this study were purchased from several traders in the Baturiti and Mengwi region, Bali. A total of 14 bacterial isolates that inhibited indicator bacterial growth on overlay agar procedure, Metamorfosa:Journal of Biological Sciences 8(1): 81-88 (Maret 2021) eISSN: 2655-8122 82 were isolated and confirmed as LAB by Gram-positive bacteria and negative results on the catalase test. Bacteriocin confirmation test was carried out by a disk diffusion method using Escherichia coli ATCC8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212 and Lactobacillus plantarum E12.1 as indicator bacteria. Crude bacteriocin from Lactobacillus sp. J2 and J6 inhibited the growth of L. plantarum E12.1 and E. coli ATCC8739. Crude bacteriocin of Lactobacillus sp. J6 also inhibited the growth of E. faecalis ATCC29212. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that Lactobacillus sp. J2 and J6 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum with the similarity of the Lactobacillus sp. J2 sequence is 99.39% and the similarity of the Lactobacillus sp. J6 sequence is 99.35%. The conclusion of this study is L. plantarum J2 and L. plantarum J6 were LAB which produced bacteriocin in the urutan. Keyword: Lactic Acid Bacteria, Bacteriocin, Lactobacillus plantarum, Urutan
Chapter 9 Argument structure and linking

In this chapter, we discuss the nature and purpose of argument structure in HPSG, focusing on the problems that theories of argument structure are intended to solve, including: (1) the relationship between semantic arguments of predicates and their syntactic realizations, (2) the fact that lexical items can occur in more than one syntactic frame (so-called valence or diathesis alternations), and (3) argument structure as the locus of binding principles. We also discuss cases where the argument structure of a verb includes more elements than predicted from the meaning of the verb, as well as rationales for a lexical approach to argument structure.
Antecedents of Learning in Networks: An Examination of Low-Technology Firms in an Emerging Market Economy

This paper investigates how low-technology emerging market firms learn in networks during transition to market economy. It argues that while involvement in a variety of network types might enhance firms’ external learning, the ways they learn from their external environment might differ according to network types and characteristics of the inter-organizational relationship, with subsequent effects on their performance. We develop an analytical framework drawing on the extant literature on the taxonomy of learning, types of networks, partner characteristics, and initiator, continuity, formality of the relationships. We investigate 467 dyadic inter-organizational relationship processes that took place during 1989-2001period in Polish food-processing and clothing industries. Our results show that low-tech firms learn through different modes that are associated with different types of networks and different characteristics of inter-organizational relationships. Our findings provide detailed elaborations for managers on what factors to focus on when entering into a network in seek of external knowledge. Track 14. Inter-Organizational Collaboration: Partnerships, Alliances, Networks
Synoptic control on snow avalanche activity in central Spitsbergen

Abstract. Atmospheric circulation exerts an important control on a region's snow avalanche activity by broadly determining the mountain weather patterns which influence snowpack development and avalanche release. In central Spitsbergen, the largest island in the high-Arctic Svalbard archipelago, avalanches are a common natural hazard throughout the winter months. Previous work has identified a unique snow climate reflecting the region's climatically dynamic environmental setting but has not specifically addressed the synoptic-scale control of atmospheric circulation on avalanche activity here. In this work, we investigate atmospheric circulation's control on snow avalanching in the Nordenskiöld Land region of central Spitsbergen by first constructing a four-season (2016/2017–2019/2020) regional avalanche activity record using observations available on a database used by the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE). We then analyze the synoptic atmospheric conditions on days with differing avalanche activity situations. Our results show synoptic conditions conducive to elevated precipitation, wind speeds, and air temperatures near Svalbard are associated with increased avalanche activity in Nordenskiöld Land, but different synoptic signals exist for days characterized by dry, mixed, and wet avalanche activity. Differing upwind conditions help further explain differences in the frequency and nature of avalanche activity resulting from these various atmospheric circulation patterns. We further employ a daily atmospheric circulation calendar to help contextualize our results in the growing body of literature related to environmental change in this location. This work helps expand our understanding of snow avalanches in Svalbard to a broader spatial scale and provides a basis for future work investigating the impacts of environmental change on avalanche activity in Svalbard and other locations where avalanche regimes are impacted by changing climatic and synoptic conditions.
Recovery of bioactive compounds from red onion skins using conventional solvent extraction and microwave assisted extraction

In this study two extraction methods, such as conventional solvent extraction (CSE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) were used for bioactive compounds extraction from red onion skins. The effects of several extraction parameters on the phytochemical content were investigated to discover which combination of parameters led to the highest concentration of phytochemicals. The results revealed that the optimal conditions for anthocyanin extraction (1.75±0.04 mg C3G/g DW) by CSE was achieved at 70% ethanol acidified with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid after 120 minutes of extraction at 25 °C. Also, the highest antioxidant activity (32.18±1.75 mM of Trolox/g DW) was obtained with 96% ethanol acidified with glacial acetic acid, after 3 hours of extraction at 25 °C. Meanwhile, for MAE the highest anthocyanin content of 1.60±0.05 mg C3G/g DW was found when using 50% ethanol acidified with 99.5% citric acid, at 735 W microwave power for 15 seconds of extraction. MAE with 96% ethanol and glacial acetic acid had the highest yield of antioxidant activity (33.41±0.59 mM of Trolox/g DW) at 315 W microwave power after 10 seconds of extraction. Therefore, the bioactive compounds from red onion skins might be available as a source of functional compounds useful in the pharmaceutical and food industry.