Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concentrations, sources, and fluxes of trace elements in the remote marine atmosphere of New Zealand

The concentrations of trace elements were determined for aerosol particle, dry deposition, and precipitation samples collected from Ninety Mile Beach on the North Island of New Zealand. Major objectives for the studies, which were conducted as part of the SEAREX (Sea/Air Exchange) Program, were to investigate the concentrations, sources and geochemical cycling of trace elements in the westerly wind field over the South Pacific Ocean. Many of the trace elements were associated with natural materials such as atmospheric sea salt or mineral aerosol. The mean concentration of atmospheric sea salt (∼7.9 μg m −3) was 5 to 30% higher than that predicted by models based on relationships between salt concentrations and wind speed. Mineral aerosol particles were transported through the atmosphere from Australia, and the concentration of atmospheric dust (∼200 ng m −3) was lower than the expected long-term average due to the fact that the sampling at Ninety Mile Beach was conducted during the climatological low-dust season. Estimates of the atmospheric deposition rates suggest that eolian material constitutes a significant fraction of the nonbiogenic deep-sea sediments of the region. Certain trace elements, including Ag, Cd, Cu, I, Mo, Pb, Sb, Se, Ni, and Zn, were enriched over the concentrations expected from natural sources. Anthropogenic emissions from Australia and New Zealand evidently affected the concentrations of several of these elements on local to regional scales.
T Multiple Myeloma Education Results from the ACE program ’ s digital , serial learning approach

THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE MYELOMA (MM) continue to undergo rapid evolution. Insight into the biologic underpinnings of the disease has led to numerous recent drug discoveries (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2018). Nurse navigators, advanced practice providers, and bedside nurses are charged with integrating these changes into the management of MM and play a critical role in educating the patient and his or her caregivers. The first Multiple Myeloma Mentorship Program (MMMP) in 2009 was well received and this, as well as subsequent programs, highlighted the continued need for structured nurse education in MM (Faiman, 2011; Faiman, Kurtin, Timko, & Gracie-King, 2017; Faiman, Miceli, Richards, & Tariman, 2012). In partnership with AXIS Medical Education and RealCME, two nurses with expertise in MM developed a continuing education program to evaluate data from two curricula. The primary objectives of the program were to improve nursing knowledge, practice skills, and level of performance in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients with MM, and to build nurses’ skills as subject matter experts and speakers in this therapeutic area. Therefore, the program was targeted primarily toward nurses involved in the treatment and management of patients with MM. One curriculum, a three-activity serial learning program, was offered to a national audience (the national cohort group). The other included a select group of nurses invited to participate as Advanced Clinical Educator (ACE) program candidates in a mandatory eight-activity intensive with three modules. The ACE candidates’ components included a focused, interactive, live, peer-topeer educational experience culminating in ACE status. ACE status denotes an individual’s mastery of the content provided in the ACE program, as well as demonstration of effective presentation of the content to peers. Content was presented in three modules (see Figure 1).
An integrated study of seismic anisotropy and the natural fracture system at the Conoco Borehole Test Facility, Kay County, Oklahoma

A significant body of published work has developed establishing fracture-related seismic anisotropy as an observable effect. To further the understanding of seismic birefringence techniques in characterizing natural fracture systems at depth, an integrated program of seismic and geologic measurements has been conducted at Conoco's Borehole Test Facility in Kay County, Oklahoma. Birefringence parameters inferred from the seismic data are consistent with a vertical fracture model of density 0.04 striking east-northeast. That direction is subparallel to a fracture set mapped both on the surface and from subsurface data, to the in situ maximum horizontal stress, and to the inferred microfabric.
Difference in sensitivity between SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell assays in patients with underlying conditions.

To the Editor: In the paper “Rapid measurement of SARS-CoV-2 spike T cells in whole blood from vaccinated and naturally infected individuals,” Tan et al. stress the importance of measuring multiple immunological correlates in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination (1). To avoid complex “traditional” T cell assays like interferon γ (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISpot) or activation-induced marker (AIM) flow cytometry, Tan et al. assessed the performance of a T cell test specific for SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein based on stimulation of whole blood with overlapping peptides and subsequent detection of cytokines in plasma. In vaccinated and convalescent individuals, they found that the sensitivity of the whole-blood assay is comparable to that of traditional T cell assays, concluding that this is an attractive measure of SARS-CoV-2–specific T cell immunity. Tan et al. performed their study in healthy individuals, but sensitivity and specificity of an alternative method to detect SARS-CoV-2–specific T cells could be different in a population with low responder rates. In a recent prospective multicenter study, we performed a comprehensive comparison of the immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA-1273 vaccination in kidney disease patients and found that kidney transplant (KTx) recipients had significantly lower SARS-CoV-2–specific T cell responses compared with controls (2). T cell responses were assessed by both commercial IFN-γ release assay (IGRA, QuantiFERON, Qiagen) and in-house-validated […]
Preliminary Radiocarbon Analyses of Contemporaneous and Archaeological Wood from the Ansanto Valley (Southern Italy)

The Ansanto Valley (southern Italy) is characterized by hydrothermal phenomena, with volcanic gas emissions arising from some vents. In the 1 st millennium BC, a sanctuary dedicated to the goddess Mephitis was built but later destroyed by landslides in the valley. During archaeological excavations in the 1950s, many items were found including wooden artifacts, preserved thanks to the imbibition and subsequent mineralization of the wood tissues due to the gas emissions. Radiocarbon dating of these objects is underway at CIRCE (Centre for Isotopic Research on Cultural and Environmental Heritage), in Caserta, Italy. Unfortunately, 2 main problems arise in dating these materials. The first is possible fossil dilution caused by the CO2 emitted from the nearby volcanic vents, which could affect the trees of the valley and also the archaeological materials. In order to determine the magnitude of the fossil dilution in the area, 14C measurements were performed on contemporaneous wood cored from 2 oak trees growing near the vents. 14C values measured in these samples confirmed the presence of a strong fossil dilution in the Ansanto Valley. The second problem is the restoration that the objects underwent during the last century (mostly by using modern organic substances). To investigate suitable pretreatment procedures for removing the restoration materials from the archaeological findings, contemporaneous wood was also analyzed. The wood of trees from the Ansanto Valley and from a distant village (unaffected by the Ansanto fossil dilution) were submitted to the same restoration process applied to the archaeological artifacts, followed by an “artificial weathering” process. Some archaeological materials were also tested for the removal of restoration materials. We subjected the artificially aged trees and the archaeological samples to different chemical processes. Here, we present the results of these processes. Almost all methods turned out to be suitable for the contemporaneous wood, while the results for the archaeological samples remain uncertain. For this reason, more tests are needed, concerning the “artificial weathering,” the restoration, and the chemical procedure for removing the consolidation materials.
CLIMATIC CHANGE AND U.S. WATER RESOURCES: FROM MODELED WATERSHED IMPACTS TO NATIONAL ESTIMATES 1

ABSTRACT: Water is potentially one of the most affected resources as climate changes. Though knowledge and understanding has steadily evolved about the nature and extent of many of the physical effects of possible climate change on water resources, much less is known about the economic responses and impacts that may emerge. Methods and results are presented that examine and quantify many of the important economic consequences of possible climate change on U.S. water resources. At the core of the assessment is the simulation of multiple climate change scenarios in economic models of four watersheds. These Water Allocation and Impact Models (Water‐AIM) simulate the effects of modeled runoff changes under various climate change scenarios on the spatial and temporal dimensions of water use, supply, and storage and on the magnitude and distribution of economic consequences. One of the key aspects and contributions of this approach is the capability of capturing economic response and adaptation behavior of water users to changes in water scarcity. By reflecting changes in the relative scarcity (and value) of water, users respond by changing their patterns of water use, intertemporal storage in reservoirs, and changes in the pricing of water. The estimates of economic welfare change that emerge from the Water‐AIM models are considered lower‐bound estimates owing to the conservative nature of the model formulation and key assumptions. The results from the Water‐AIM models form the basis for extrapolating impacts to the national level. Differences in the impacts across the regional models are carried through to the national assessment by matching the modeled basins with basins with similar geographical, climatic, and water use characteristics that have not been modeled and by using hydro‐logic data across all U.S. water resources regions. The results from the national analysis show that impacts are borne to a great extent by nonconsumptive users that depend on river flows, which rise and fall with precipitation, and by agricultural users, primarily in the western United States, that use a large share of available water in relatively low‐valued uses. Water used for municipal and industrial purposes is largely spared from reduced availability because of its relatively high marginal value. In some cases water quality concerns rise, and additional investments may be required to continue to meet established guidelines.
Seismic structure of the deep Kurile subduction zone

Three-dimensional modeling of P wave travel time residuals was performed to investigate the deep slab-related velocity structure within the Kurile subduction zone. Travel times of P waves from earthquakes at all depths within the Kurile subduction zone to World-Wide Standard Seismograph Network and Canadian stations were measured. Instead of analyzing the travel time residuals of a single event, relative travel time residuals of P waves to common stations have been analyzed and used in this study to isolate near source contributions from the total travel time residuals. The effect of uncertainties in long wavelength heterogeneity far from the source in the lower mantle and the effect of uncertainties in the reference Earth model have been significantly reduced by analyzing relative travel time residuals. The effect of uncertainties in station corrections are eliminated by relative travel time residuals. Our measured P wave travel time data clearly indicate that high-velocity anomalies exist in the lower mantle beneath the Kurile subduction zone but they do not appear to be caused by simple slab continuation into the lower mantle. The travel time modeling was accomplished using a fully three-dimensional finite difference technique for wave propagation within the source region. The modeling results show that high-velocity anomalies extend several hundred kilometers into the lower mantle but they appear to be very complicated. A large number of models consisting of simple slab continuation into the lower mantle were tested and the results show that none ofthese models was able to produce synthetics which match the observed P wave travel time data. The slab-related velocity anomalies in the upper mantle of the Kurile subduction zone are generally consistent with the seismicity. The high-velocity anomalies in the lower mantle below the Kurile subduction zone are broad and geometrically change from the southern to the northern Kuriles. Below the southern Kuriles, the high-velocity anomalies appear to be subhorizontal. However, beneath the central Kuriles, there are broad, about 600-km-wide, high-velocity anomalies on the continental side of the slab which extend several hundred kilometers into the lower mantle. The high-velocity anomalies found below the northern Kuriles are broad and on both the continental and the ocean side of the slab, and extend several hundred kilometers into the lower mantle.
Evidence for Storegga tsunami run‐up at the head of Nordfjord, western Norway

Numerical simulations show that the Storegga tsunami (∼8 150 cal a BP) penetrated into fjords and sounds along the Norwegian coast because of its large wavelengths of about 600–800 km. Despite this, deposits from the tsunami have not previously been reported from the innermost fjord district, probably because suitable sedimentary archives are lacking in the steep fjord landscape. Here we describe a persistent and well‐defined depositional unit, up to 3 m thick, found in a lake sequence at the head of the 106‐km‐long Nordfjord, which we interpret as a deposit from the Storegga tsunami. The unit is identified and mapped in seismic profiles as a continuous semi‐transparent unit which in places cut deeply into the underlying strata. In sediment cores the unit consists of grey silt with sub‐units containing shell or plant fragments, gravel and sand clasts, and redeposited lake mud. Radiocarbon ages date the deposit to the time of the Storegga tsunami (∼8 150 cal a BP). We estimate a minimum run‐up of 1–7.5 m for the tsunami based on the inferred elevation of the lake outlet relative to sea level at that time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact de la durée d'enneigement sur les cycles biogéochimiques dans les écosystèmes alpins

Les ecosystemes alpins, au meme titre que les ecosystemes arctiques, sequestrent des quantites importantes de carbone dans leurs sols. Dans ces ecosystemes, la topographie locale determine la repartition de la neige; un facteur qui, sur le court terme, affecte les parametres physiques de l'environnement (effets directs) et qui, sur le long terme, a selectionne des communautes vegetales et microbiennes tres differentes aux deux extremes du gradient de mesotopographie (effets indirects). Au regard des modifications futures des regimes d'enneigement predits par les differents modeles climatiques, cette etude vise a explorer les controles directs et indirects exerces par l'enneigement sur la fixation du CO2 et la mineralisation du carbone organique dans les ecosystemes alpins. Les parametres physiques des sols (eau et temperature) ont ete mesures pendant plusieurs annees revelant les effets directs. Afin de quantifier les effets indirects de l'enneigement sur les flux biogeochimiques, nous avons utilise les caracteristiques fonctionnelles des vegetaux (leurs traits). Differentes approches (mesures in situ, manipulations experimentales et modelisation) ont ete employees. Cette etude demontre que la fixation du carbone le long des gradients de mesotopographie est a la fois determinee par les traits fonctionnels vegetaux, les proprietes des canopees et la longueur de la saison de vegetation. Un allongement de la saison de vegetation devrait entrainer une augmentation marquee de la production primaire si les evenements de gel en debut de saison de vegetation demeurent limites. La mineralisation du carbone est au contraire largement dependante de la qualite de la matiere organique contenue dans les sols. Des changements de composition en traits fonctionnels de la vegetation, notamment ceux affectant les concentrations en lignine des litieres, devraient avoir un impact determinant sur les vitesses de mineralisation de la matiere organique. Enfin, l'etude des flux de carbone et d'azote dans les plantes dominantes et a l'interface plante – sol revele un couplage temporel et spatial essentiel chez les especes dont la croissance est limitee par la longueur de la saison de vegetation. Ce couplage apparait plus limite dans les communautes vegetales beneficiant d'une plus longue saison de vegetation. L'evolution des flux et stocks de carbone au sein des ecosystemes alpins dans un contexte de changement climatique est discutee.
DARTs and CORK in Cascadia Basin: High‐resolution observations of the 2004 Sumatra tsunami in the northeast Pacific

We report unique deep‐sea recordings of the Sumatra tsunami of December 2004 by high‐resolution DART® (Deep‐ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami) and CORK (Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit) bottom pressure sensors deployed at depths of ∼1500–3500 m in Cascadia Basin in the northeast Pacific. The simultaneous records from these sites establish the first‐ever regional‐scale tsunami detection array for the open ocean, enabling us to resolve both seafloor and crustal tsunami signals and to determine fundamental properties of the waves following their 22,000 km journey from the source region. Waves reaching the basin had mean amplitudes of ∼5 mm with energy spread over a broad frequency band from 0.4 to 7 cph. Peak tsunami energy was in the 0.8 to 2 cph (75 to 30 min) band. Leading waves from the event arrived 34–35 h after the earthquake, roughly 7 h later than expected, suggesting that the tsunami mainly propagated by the “most economic” (minimum energy loss) path along mid‐ocean ridge wave‐guides rather than taking the direct and fastest path across the ocean. Motions within the peak energy band comprise roughly 50% coherent progressive waves propagating from the south at longwave phase speeds of ∼150 ms−1 and 50% random waves scattered from the coast and bottom irregularities. Tsunami amplitudes in the borehole were one‐third those on the seafloor. The extensive “ringing” and anomalously slow (3.5‐day) e‐folding decay time of the tsunami wave energy indicates long duration energy flux radiating from the Indian Ocean via the Southern Pacific Ocean.
A critique of diachronism, community distribution and correlation at the Wenlock‐Ludlow boundary

This paper reviews conclusions reached by J. M. Hurst in a recent paper in Lethaia regarding abrupt, widespread deepening close to the Wenlock-Ludlow boundary as a result of possible eustatic or epeirogenically controlled transgression, and use of such an event as a means of stratigraphical correlation. Much of the benthic community evidence on which these conclusions are based is shown to be conflictory and the resulting correlations to be imprecise. Undoubted diachronism of the Much Wenlock Limestone Formation and overlying Lower Elton Beds is evident only between Dudley and Shropshire. Gradual deepening at this level in the Welsh Borderland appears to be a local reflection of tectonic movement. Wider regional evidence, from North America to the Anglo-Baltic area, rejects the view of a synchronous eustatic or epeirogenic transgression.
Revisiting VFR tourism in South Africa

The segment of visiting, friends and relatives (VFR) is one of the largest components of tourism economies. During the last two decades there emerged tourism scholarship around VFR travel, mostly in Australia, the USA and Europe. This paper examines the size, characteristics and spatial patterns of VFR tourism in South Africa. It is argued that studies of VFR travel in the global South must be linked to questions about migration. In the South African case the volume, nature and geography of VFR tourism cannot be understood without an analysis of historical migration trends. It is demonstrated that VFR travel is the largest element of domestic tourism and is dominated by black travellers. In terms of explanation, the continued role of circular mobilities in the post-apartheid period is highlighted. The geographical patterns of VFR tourism in South Africa reveal a complex of factors and most importantly the existence of split or translocal households for which VFR mobilities are critical. In South Africa, strong VFR travel occurs to large metropolitan areas and to the former homeland areas that are not considered as significant tourism destinations. Arguably, in many of these rural areas of South Africa VFR travel is the most significant driver of local tourism economies.
Decision Making in Advanced Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Shared decision making for advanced heart failure has become both more challenging and more crucial as duration of disease and treatment options have increased. High-quality decisions are chosen from medically reasonable options and are aligned with values, goals, and preferences of an informed patient. The top 10 things to know about decision making in advanced heart failure care are listed in Table 1. View this table: Table 1. Top Ten Things to Know Providers have an ethical and legal mandate to involve patients in medical decisions. Shared decision making recognizes that there are complex trade-offs in the choice of medical care.1 Shared decision making also addresses the ethical need to fully inform patients about the risks and benefits of treatments.2 In the setting of multiple reasonable options for medical care, shared decision making involves clinicians working with patients to ensure that patients' values, goals, and preferences guide informed decisions that are right for each individual patient. Grounded in the ethical principle of autonomy,3 judicial decisions (eg, Cruzan v Missouri Department of Health 4) and legislative actions (eg, the Patient Self-Determination Act5) have repeatedly affirmed the rights of patients or duly appointed surrogates to choose their medical therapy from among reasonable options.6 The formal process of informed consent before procedural interventions is an embodiment of this concept in that it underscores the clinician's obligation to ensure that the patient has the opportunity to be informed.3 An informed patient is one who is aware of the diagnosis and prognosis, the nature of the proposed intervention, the risks and benefits of that intervention, and all reasonable alternatives and their associated risks and benefits.7 A major purpose of a high-functioning healthcare system is to provide the resources with which an activated, informed patient can engage in productive discussions with a proactive, …