Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SARM1 detection in oligodendrocytes but not Schwann cells though sarm1/Sarm1 deletion does not perturb CNS nor PNS myelination in zebrafish and mice

SARM1 is a central regulator of programmed axon death and is required to initiate axon self-destruction after traumatic and toxic insults to the nervous system. Abnormal activation of this axon degeneration pathway is increasingly recognized as a contributor to human neurological disease and SARM1 knockdown or inhibition has become an attractive therapeutic strategy to preserve axon loss in a variety of disorders of the peripheral and central nervous system. Despite this, it remains unknown whether Sarm1/SARM1 is present in myelinating glia and whether it plays a role in myelination in the PNS or CNS. It is important to answer these questions to understand whether future therapies inhibiting SARM1 function may have unintended deleterious impacts on myelination. Here we show that Sarm1 mRNA is present in oligodendrocytes in zebrafish but only detectable at low levels in Schwann cells in both zebrafish and mice. We find SARM1 protein is readily detectable in murine oligodendrocytes in vitro and in vivo and activation of endogenous SARM1 in oligodendrocytes induces cell death. In contrast, SARM1 protein is not detectable in Schwann cells and satellite glia in the adult murine nervous system. Cultured Schwann cells contain negligible functional SARM1 and are insensitive to specific SARM1 activators. Using zebrafish and mouse Sarm1 mutants, we show that SARM1 is not required for initiation of myelination nor myelin sheath maintenance by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. Thus, strategies to inhibit SARM1 function in the nervous system to treat neurological disease are unlikely to perturb myelination in humans. Main Points SARM1 protein is detectable in oligodendrocytes but not in Schwann cells Oligodendrocytes but not Schwann cells die in response to endogenous SARM1 activation CNS nor PNS myelination, in zebrafish and mice, is hindered by loss of sarm1/Sarm1
A high-quality reference genome for the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces osmophilus

Fission yeasts are an ancient group of fungal species that diverged from each other from tens to hundreds of million years ago. Among them is the preeminent model organism Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which has significantly contributed to our understandings of molecular mechanisms underlying fundamental cellular processes. The availability of the genomes of S. pombe and three other fission yeast species S. japonicus, S. octosporus, and S. cryophilus has enabled cross-species comparisons that provide insights into the evolution of genes, pathways, and genomes. Here, we performed genome sequencing on the type strain of the recently identified fission yeast species S. osmophilus and obtained a complete mitochondrial genome and a nuclear genome assembly with gaps only at rRNA gene arrays. A total of 5098 protein-coding nuclear genes were annotated and orthologs for more than 95% of them were identified. Genome-based phylogenetic analysis showed that S. osmophilus is most closely related to S. octosporus and these two species diverged around 16 million years ago. To demonstrate the utility of this S. osmophilus reference genome, we conducted cross-species comparative analyses of centromeres, telomeres, transposons, the mating-type region, Cbp1 family proteins, and mitochondrial genomes. These analyses revealed conservation of repeat arrangements and sequence motifs in centromere cores, identified telomeric sequences composed of two types of repeats, delineated relationships among Tf1/sushi group retrotransposons, characterized the evolutionary origins and trajectories of Cbp1 family domesticated transposases, and discovered signs of interspecific transfer of two types of mitochondrial selfish elements.
Adverse childhood experiences increase the risk for eating disorders among adolescents

Purpose Traumatic events often feature prominently in eating disorders. A questionnaire survey to assess the relation of eating disorder risk to the frequency of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the possible association of eating disorder risk with a particular type of ACE was conducted in a community sample of Hungarian adolescents. Methods Demographic and anthropometric data, risk for eating disorders (by SCOFF questionnaire), and ACEs (by ACE score calculator) were collected from 432 adolescents aged 12–17 years. Results Adolescents who had undergone four or more ACEs were 5.7 times more likely to be in the high eating disorder risk group than those who did not report any ACEs. Cumulative maltreatment showed a greater association with overall risk for eating disorders than cumulative family dysfunction. There is an increased risk of eating disorders from emotional maltreatment (OR = 3.475), physical maltreatment (OR = 3.440), sexual maltreatment (OR = 10.973), and emotional neglect (OR = 3.331). Dysfunctional family circumstances revealed an association with household mental illness (OR = 3.401). Conclusion Our study of the connection between eating disorder risk and ACE is the first of its kind in Central and Eastern Europe. Maltreatments had a greater role than family dysfunctions in increasing the risk of eating disorders. Our findings contribute to a more precise understanding of the role that ACEs play in eating disorders. It is important to bring to clinicians’ attention the importance of ACEs in the diagnosis and therapy of eating disorders and their potentially fundamental significance for therapy.
Inflammation-activated C/EBPβ mediates high-fat diet-induced depression-like behaviors in mice

Depression, one of the most common causes of disability, has a high prevalence rate in patients with metabolic syndrome. Type 2 diabetes patients are at an increased risk for depression. However, the molecular mechanism coupling diabetes to depressive disorder remains largely unknown. Here we found that the neuroinflammation, associated with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes and obesity, activated the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) in hippocampal neurons. This factor repressed brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and caused depression-like behaviors in male mice. Besides, the loss of C/EBPβ expression in C/EBPβ heterozygous knockout male mice attenuated HFD-induced depression-like behaviors, whereas Thy1-C/EBPβ transgenic male mice (overexpressing C/EBPβ) showed depressive behaviors after a short-term HFD. Furthermore, HFD impaired synaptic plasticity and decreased surface expression of glutamate receptors in the hippocampus of wild-type (WT) mice, but not in C/EBPβ heterozygous knockout mice. Remarkably, the anti-inflammatory drug aspirin strongly alleviated HFD-elicited depression-like behaviors in neuronal C/EBPβ transgenic mice. Finally, the genetic delivery of BDNF or the pharmacological activation of the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway by 7,8-dihydroxyflavone reversed anhedonia in a series of behavioral tests on HFD-fed C/EBPβ transgenic mice. Therefore, our findings aim to demonstrate that the inflammation-activated neuronal C/EBPβ promotes HFD-induced depression by diminishing BDNF expression.
Utilizing apolipoprotein E genotypes and associated comorbidities for the assessment of the risk for dementia

Introduction Dementia is associated with many comorbidities while being related to Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism. However, it is unclear how these clinical illnesses and genetic factors modify the dementia risk. Methods We enrolled 600 dementia cases and 6000 matched non-dementia controls, with identified ApoE genotype (ε4/ε4, ε4/ε3, and ε3/ε3). Eight comorbidities were selected by medical records, and counted if occurring within 3 years of enrollment. Results The dementia group had a higher ratio of carrying ε4 allele and prevalence of comorbidities than the non-dementia group. Homozygous ε4 carriers presented the broken line of dementia risk with the peak age at 65–75 years and odds ratio (OR) up to 6.6. The risk only emerged after 65 years of age in ε3/ε4 subjects with OR around 1.6–2.4 when aged > 75 years. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the commonest comorbidity (14.6%). CVA, sleep disorder, and functional gastrointestinal disorders remained as significant risk comorbidities for dementia throughout all age groups (OR = 1.7–5.0). When functional gastrointestinal disorder and ε4 allele both occurred, the dementia risk exceeded the summation of individual risks (OR = 3.7 and 1.9 individually, OR = 6.0 for the combination). Comorbidities could also be predictors of dementia. Conclusion Combining the genetic and clinical information, we detected cognitive decline and optimize interventions early when the patients present a specific illness in a particular age and carry a specific ApoE allele. Of comorbidities, functional gastrointestinal disorder is the strongest predicting factor for dementia in ε4 allele carriers.
What factors can support students' deep learning in the online environment: The mediating role of learning self-efficacy and positive academic emotions?

Introduction In 2020, COVID-19 forced higher education institutions in many countries to turn to online distance learning. The trend of using online education has accelerated across the world. However, this change in the teaching mode has led to the decline of students' online learning quality and resulted in students being unable to do deep learning. Therefore, the current research, aimed at promoting deep learning in the online environment, constructed a theoretical model with learning self-efficacy and positive academic emotions as mediators, deep learning as the dependent variable, perceived TPACK support, peer support, technical usefulness, and ease of use as independent variables. Methods The theoretical model was verified by SPSS26.0 and smartPLS3.0, and to assess the measurement and structural models, the PLS approach to structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed. Results The study found that (a) positive academic emotions play a mediating role between perceived TPACK support and deep learning, perceived peer support and deep learning, and perceived technology usefulness and ease of use and deep learning; (b) learning self-efficacy plays a mediating role between perceived TPACK support and deep learning, perceived peer support and deep learning, and perceived technology usefulness and ease of use and deep learning. Discussion The findings of this study fill the gaps in the research on the theoretical models of deep learning in the online environment and provide a theoretical basis for online teaching, learning quality, and practical improvement strategies.
Exploring marine mammal presence across seven US national marine sanctuaries

The United States of America’s Office of National Marine Sanctuaries (ONMS) hosts 15 National Marine Sanctuaries (NMS) and two Monuments in its waters. Charismatic marine megafauna, such as fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), and various delphinid species frequent these areas, but little is known about their occupancy. As part of a national effort to better understand the soundscapes of NMS, 22 near-continuous passive acoustic bottom mounted recorders and one bottom-mounted cable hydrophone were analyzed within seven NMS (Stellwagen Bank, Gray’s Reef, Florida Keys, Olympic Coast, Monterey Bay, Channel Islands, and Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale sanctuaries). The daily acoustic presence of humpback and fin whales across 2 years (November 2018–October 2020) and hourly presence of delphinids over 1 year (June 2019–May 2020) were analyzed. Humpback whales showed variability in their acoustic presence across NMS, but in general were mostly present January through May and September through December, and more scarce or fully absent June through August. Consecutive days of humpback whale vocalizations were greatest at sites HI01 and HI05 in the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale NMS and fewest at the Channel Islands NMS. Fin whales exhibited a similar seasonal pattern across the West Coast NMS and Stellwagen Bank NMS. Monterey Bay NMS had the greatest number of median consecutive presence of fin whales with fewest at Stellwagen Bank NMS. Delphinid acoustic presence varied throughout and within NMS, with sites at the Channel Islands and Hawaiʻi NMS showing the highest occupancy. All NMS showed distinct monthly delphinid acoustic presence with differences in detected hours between day versus night. Sixteen sites had medians of delphinid presence between one and three consecutive days, while three sites had 5 days or more of consecutive presence, and one site had no consecutive delphinid presence, showing clear variation in how long they occupied different NMS. Marine mammals utilized all NMS and showed a wide range of occupancy, emphasizing the importance of understanding species use across different NMS as biological areas for migration, breeding and foraging.
Comparative analysis of bone consolidation chronology in claw toes operated through minimal invasive osteotomies in diabetic vs. non-diabetic patients

Objective To compare bone healing time in osteotomies performed in claw toes correction through minimal invasive surgery in diabetic vs. non-diabetic patients. The relation between the patient's ages and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Surgery Society (AOFAS) functional scores before and after surgery was also analyze in the two types of patients. Method A series of 45 women, 23 of them suffering from Diabetes Mellitus, were operated to correct claw toes. The surgery was always performed through minimal invasive digital osteotomies. After the intervention, bone healing was controlled by a fluoroscopic weekly follow-up until a complete bone consolidation was reached. Bone healing time was compared in in two groups of patients, diabetic and non-diabetic. All patients were evaluated with AOFAS scale 48 h before and 90 days after the intervention. Results The time of bone healing ranged from 24 to 40 days after the surgery and took shorter time of consolidation in non-diabetic patients although the Mann Withney U test did not show statistically significant differences (p = 0,409, effect size (ES) = 0,14 [-0.20 to 0.45]) between both groups. A statistically significant association (r = 0.71, R2 = 50%, p < 0.001) was found between the healing days and the day of medical discharge, also between the ages of the patients and the medial discharge (r = 0.36, R2 = 13%, p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant associations were found between pre-intervention glycemia and days of bone consolidation, neither in medical discharge (r = 0.07, p = 0.646 y r = 0.07, p = 0.648, respectively). AOFAS test scores and the diabetes status showed statistically significant differences, both in the main effect of Diabetes (F[1,41] = 9.41, p = 0.004) as in the interaction between diabetes and age (F[1,41] = 9.17, p = 0.004). Conclusions The bone healing time in claw toes operated through minimal invasive osteotomy surgery is not influenced by the presence of diabetes. The consolidation speed and the improvement in AOFAS functional scale score post-surgery in diabetic and elder patients was related to duration of the medical discharge.
A review on the role of fatty acids in colorectal cancer progression

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of mortality in cancer patients. The role of fatty acids (FA) and their metabolism in cancer, particularly in CRC raises a growing interest. In particular, dysregulation of synthesis, desaturation, elongation, and mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids are involved. Here we review the current evidence on the link between cancer, in particular CRC, and fatty acids metabolism, not only to provide insight on its pathogenesis, but also on the development of novel biomarkers and innovative pharmacological therapies that are based on FAs dependency of cancer cells.
Commercial straight-deck trailer vibration and microclimate conditions during market-weight pig transport during summer

The objective of this study was to collect and quantify three-axis acceleration data from six locations within commercial pig transport trailers during summer. Two trucks with straight-deck trailers transporting two loads per day were observed for 5 consecutive days (N = 20). Accelerometers were placed under the floor of each trailer’s top and bottom decks (DECs) in the center of three sections (SECs): fore, middle, and aft. Data from each trailer section were processed to calculate z- and x,y-axis root mean square (RMS) values and vibration dose values (VDVs) during loading, transport, and unloading. There were no DEC × SEC interactions or SEC main effects for z-axis RMS or VDV during any transportation stage (P > 0.06). The bottom deck had a greater x,y-axis RMS than the top deck during all transportation stages (P < 0.01). The bottom deck had a greater x,y-axis VDV than the top deck during loading and transport (P < 0.03), but there was no difference (P = 0.52) during unloading. The bottom deck had a greater z-axis RMS and VDV than the top deck during loading and transport (P < 0.01), but there were no differences during unloading (P > 0.07). There were no SEC effects for x,y- and z-axis RMSs and VDVs during all transportation stages (P > 0.06). Acceleration values were compared with exposure action values (EAV; injury possible) and exposure limit values (ELV; injury likely) vibrations thresholds. Over the 5 observation days during all transport stages, a greater percentage of compartments violated both RMS and VDV thresholds in the x,y orientation (average 90%) than in the z orientation (average 76%). Overall, these data indicate that bottom decks experience greater three-axis vibrations than top decks in straight-deck trailers and that pigs on bottom decks may experience greater discomfort during transportation that could contribute to fatigue or the non-ambulatory condition.
Glucose metabolism and tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer: A key link in cancer progression

Early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer (PC) remain challenging endeavors globally. Late diagnosis lag, high invasiveness, chemical resistance, and poor prognosis are unresolved issues of PC. The concept of metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer cells. Increasing evidence shows that PC cells alter metabolic processes such as glucose, amino acids, and lipids metabolism and require continuous nutrition for survival, proliferation, and invasion. Glucose metabolism, in particular, regulates the tumour microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, the link between glucose metabolism and TME also plays an important role in the targeted therapy, chemoresistance, radiotherapy ineffectiveness, and immunosuppression of PC. Altered metabolism with the TME has emerged as a key mechanism regulating PC progression. This review shed light on the relationship between TME, glucose metabolism, and various aspects of PC. The findings of this study provide a new direction in the development of PC therapy targeting the metabolism of cancer cells.
Incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in the United Arab Emirates; comparison of six diagnostic criteria: The Mutaba’ah Study

Background For more than half a century, there has been much research and controversies on how to accurately screen for and diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). There is a paucity of updated research among the Emirati population in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The lack of a uniform GDM diagnostic criteria results in the inability to accurately combine or compare the disease burden worldwide and locally. This study aimed to compare the incidence of GDM in the Emirati population using six diagnostic criteria for GDM. Methods The Mutaba’ah study is the largest multi-center mother and child cohort study in the UAE with an 18-year follow-up. We included singleton pregnancies from the Mutaba’ah cohort screened with the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–32 weeks from May 2017 to March 2021. We excluded patients with known diabetes and with newly diagnosed diabetes. GDM cumulative incidence was determined using the six specified criteria. GDM risk factors were compared using chi-square and t-tests. Agreements among the six criteria were assessed using kappa statistics. Results A total of 2,546 women were included with a mean age of 30.5 ± 6.0 years. Mean gravidity was 3.5 ± 2.1, and mean body mass index (BMI) at booking was 27.7 ± 5.6 kg/m2. GDM incidence as diagnosed by any of the six criteria collectively was 27.1%. It ranged from 8.4% according to the EASD 1996 criteria to 21.5% according to the NICE 2015 criteria. The two most inclusive criteria were the NICE 2015 and the IADPSG criteria with GDM incidence rates of 21.5% (95% CI: 19.9, 23.1) and 21.3% (95% CI: 19.8, 23.0), respectively. Agreement between the two criteria was moderate (k = 0.66; p < 0.001). The least inclusive was the EASD 1996 criteria [8.4% (95% CI: 7.3, 9.6)]. The locally recommended IADPSG/WHO 2013 criteria had weak to moderate agreement with the other criteria, with Cohen’s kappa coefficient ranging from (k = 0.51; p < 0.001) to (k = 0.71; p < 0.001). Most of the GDM risk factors assessed were significantly higher among those with GDM (p < 0.005) identified by all criteria. Conclusions The findings indicate discrepancies among the diagnostic criteria in identifying GDM cases. This emphasizes the need to unify GDM diagnostic criteria in this population to provide accurate and reliable incidence estimates for healthcare planning, especially because the agreement with the recommended criteria was not optimal.
Chikungunya patient transcriptional signatures faithfully recapitulated in a C57BL/6J mouse model

Introduction An adult wild-type C57BL/6J mouse model of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and disease has been extensively used to study the alphaviral arthritic immunopathology and to evaluate new interventions. How well mouse models recapitulate the gene expression profiles seen in humans remains controversial. Methods Herein we perform a comparative transcriptomics analysis using RNA-Seq datasets from the C57BL/6J CHIKV mouse model with datasets obtained from adults and children acutely infected with CHIKV. Results Despite sampling quite different tissues, peripheral blood from humans and feet from mice, gene expression profiles were quite similar, with an overlap of up to ≈50% for up-regulated single copy orthologue differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, high levels of significant concordance between mouse and human were seen for immune pathways and signatures, which were dominated by interferons, T cells and monocyte/macrophages. Importantly, predicted responses to a series of anti-inflammatory drug and biologic treatments also showed cogent similarities between species. Discussion Comparative transcriptomics and subsequent pathway analysis provides a detailed picture of how a given model recapitulates human gene expression. Using this method, we show that the C57BL/6J CHIKV mouse model provides a reliable and representative system in which to study CHIKV immunopathology and evaluate new treatments.