Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling crash types: New insights into the effects of covariates on crashes at rural intersections

Many studies focused on the development of crash prediction models have resulted in aggregate crash prediction models to quantify the safety effects of geometric, traffic, and environmental factors on the expected number of total, fatal, injury, and/or property damage crashes at specific locations. Crash prediction models focused on predicting different crash types, however, have rarely been developed. Crash type models are useful for at least three reasons. The first is motivated by the need to identify sites that are high risk with respect to specific crash types but that may not be revealed through crash totals. Second, countermeasures are likely to affect only a subset of all crashes—usually called target crashes—and so examination of crash types will lead to improved ability to identify effective countermeasures. Finally, there is a priori reason to believe that different crash types (e.g., rear-end, angle, etc.) are associated with road geometry, the environment, and traffic variables in different ways and as a result justify the estimation of individual predictive models. The objectives of this paper are to (1) demonstrate that different crash types are associated to predictor variables in different ways (as theorized) and (2) show that estimation of crash type models may lead to greater insights regarding crash occurrence and countermeasure effectiveness. This paper first describes the estimation results of crash prediction models for angle, head-on, rear-end, sideswipe (same direction and opposite direction), and pedestrian-involved crash types. Serving as a basis for comparison, a crash prediction model is estimated for total crashes. Based on 837 motor vehicle crashes collected on two-lane rural intersections in the state of Georgia, six prediction models are estimated resulting in two Poisson (P) models and four NB (NB) models. The analysis reveals that factors such as the annual average daily traffic, the presence of turning lanes, and the number of driveways have a positive association with each type of crash, whereas median widths and the presence of lighting are negatively associated. For the best fitting models covariates are related to crash types in different ways, suggesting that crash types are associated with different precrash conditions and that modeling total crash frequency may not be helpful for identifying specific countermeasures.
Application of a multiline material characterization method to inkjet printed electronics

Material characterization has become increasingly important with the adoption of simulation‐based workflow for microwave electronics design. This article focuses on the characterization of printable electronics materials using transmission‐line measurements and demonstrates the capability of the multiline characterization method to separate dielectric and conductor losses when line geometry and material properties vary between the lines. The effects of multiline algorithm, number of line standards, and methods for selecting optimal line lengths are demonstrated. Consistent characterization results are obtained from inkjet‐printed transmission lines on two different substrate materials. In addition, local conductor thickness variations are demonstrated as an effective way to decrease losses. Finally, the simulation‐based procedure for determining the material properties is outlined and applied to printable electronics characterization. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:177–183, 2014.
Improving the power of activity-based heat detection using additional automatically captured data

The purpose of this study was to determine the current performance of activity monitoring devices on New Zealand pasture-based farms and investigate the potential for improved detection using additional automatically captured data. The data consisted of heat events that were assigned from pregnancy diagnosis and mating records, and from milk progesterone levels collected twice weekly during mating period. Daily milk production, milking order, milk flow rate and milk conductivity records were also collected during the mating period. The best single predictor of oestrus was 24 hour milk yield difference (P <0.01) for Herd 1 and normalised milking order (P <0.01) for Herd 2. The normalised pedometer data was the next best predictor of oestrus in both herds (P <0.01). A linear logistic regression model was fitted within each herd. The best model included normalised milk production, milking order, milk flow rate and pedometer variables. Machine learning models with balanced bagging were also fitted to the data. The machine learning models provided a better fit than traditional statistical models. Pedometer data can aid in the detection of cow oestrus, however the power of detection improves significantly with the addition of milk yield, milk flow and milking order data.
Evaluation of Rivaroxaban- and Dabigatran-Associated Hemorrhagic Events Using the FDA-Adverse Event Reporting System Database  (FAERS)

Background Rivaroxaban and dabigatran are non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants that are widely used for treatment and prevention of venous thrombo-embolism and prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.Objective To estimate and compare hemorrhagic events reported for rivaroxaban and dabigatran.Setting FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.Methods The reporting odds ratio (ROR) was used to analyze the reporting of hemorrhagic events.Main outcome measure The overall hemorrhagic events and hemorrhagic events in different physiological systems and indications.Results A total of 53,085 reports of hemorrhage related to rivaroxaban, accounting for 49.79% of all rivaroxaban-related ADR reports and 13151 hemorrhagic reports related to dabigatran, accounting for 38.51% of all dabigatran-related ADR reports. The overall ROR (95% CI) for hemorrhagic event reporting for rivaroxaban compared with dabigatran was 1.58 (95% CI 1.54-1.62). The RORs (95% CI) in gastrointestinal systems, nervous system, renal and urinary system, skin and subcutaneous tissue, and eye system were 1.38 (1.34-1.42), 0.94 (0.90-0.98), 1.07 (1.01-1.13), 0.80 (0.70-0.90), and 1.38 (1.19-1.60), respectively. The RORs (95% CI) for hemorrhagic events in patients with atrial fibrillation, pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis comparing rivaroxaban with dabigatran were 1.85 (1.79-1.91), 2.02 (1.67-2.47) and 2.17 (1.82-2.59). Conclusions Overall, a moderate signal for hemorrhage associated with rivaroxaban use was observed when compared with dabigatran. Hemorrhagic events in different physiological systems were not have a higher risk in case reports of rivaroxaban compared to dabigatran. But for the treatment of patients with pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis, rivaroxaban are associated with more hemorrhagic events compared to dabigatran.
Yarding delays for advanced logging systems

Yarding delays add significantly to the time and cost required to obtain a given quantity of timber. In this study, they increased total yarding time by as much as 28 percent. As yarding system complexity increases, the frequency of delays can also be expected to increase. For one balloon yarding system in a clearcutting and for a running skyline in a partial cutting, the frequency of operating delays was positively correlated with yarding distance. Operating delays for cable systems occurred more frequently in partial cuttings than in clearcuttings. Delays on two helicopter operations were caused chiefly by refueling and were not influenced significantly by either yarding distance or silvicultural method.
The Effects of Combat Exposure on the Military Divorce Rate

Abstract : This research investigates the effect that combat exposure has on the divorce rate for military personnel. The thesis uses demographic data from the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) coupled with responses from the post-deployment health assessment (PDHA). The sample contains enlisted personnel from all four services who were married and deployed between 2001 and 2007. The probability of divorce after deployment was predicted using a probit model. Combat exposure is divided into two distinct categories, casualty experience and weapon usage. Casualty experience and weapon usage were used to create interaction terms with occupational specialties (combat arms, medical service, combat service, service support) and gender. Results indicate that in most cases, combat exposure will increase the likelihood of divorce. Additionally, a casualty experience tends to have a greater impact on divorce than does weapon usage. Specifically, weapon usage was found to increase the likelihood of divorce for personnel in the medical service (Navy) and service support (Army). A casualty experience increased the likelihood of divorce for personnel in combat arms (Marines, Army) and service support (Marines). Aside from combat exposure, the results indicate that divorce rates vary across occupational specialties and the likelihood of divorce is substantially higher for women.
Talk in activity during young children's use of digital technologies at home

Internet-connected tablets and smart phones are being used increasingly by young children. Little is known, however, about their social interactions with family members when engaged with these technologies. This article examines video recorded interactions between a father and his two young children, one aged 18 months using an iPhone, and one aged three years accessing an iPad. Drawing on Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis, this analysis establishes ways the family members engage and disengage in talk to manage their individual activity with mobile devices and accomplish interaction with each other. Findings are relevant for understanding children's everyday practices with mobile technologies.
Innovative Comparative Methods for policy Analysis. Beyond the Quantitative-Qualitative Divide

Innovative Comparative Methods for Policy Analysis aims to provide a decisive push to the further development and application of innovative and specific comparative methods for the improvement of policy analysis. To take on this challenge, this volume brings together methodologists and specialists from a broad range of social scientific disciplines and policy fields. The work further develops methods for systematic comparative cases analysis in a small-N research design, with a key emphasis laid on policy-oriented applications. Innovative Comparative Methods for Policy Analysis is clearly both a social scientific and policy-driven endeavor; on the one hand, the book engages in an effort to further improve social scientific methods, but on the other hand this effort also intends to provide useful, applied tools for policy analysts and the policy community alike. Though quite a variety of methods and techniques are touched upon in this volume, its focus is mainly laid on two recently developed research methods/techniques which enable researchers to systematically compare a limited number of cases; Qualitative Comparative Analysis(QCA) and Fuzzy-Sets (FS).
Preliminary assessment of the velocity pump reaction turbine as a geothermal total-flow expander

A preliminary evaluation was made of the Velocity Pump Reaction Turbine (VPRT) as a total flow expander in a geothermal-electric conversion cycle. Values of geofluid effectiveness of VPRT systems were estimated for conditions consisting of: a 360/sup 0/F geothermal resource, 60/sup 0/F wet-bulb ambient temperature, zero and 0.003 mass concentrations of dissolved noncondensible gas in the geofluid, 100 and 120/sup 0/F condensing temperature, and engine efficiencies ranging from 0.4 to 1.0. Achievable engine efficiencies were estimated to range from 0.47 to 0.77, with plant geofluid effectivenss values ranging as high as 9.5 Watt hr/lbm geofluid. This value is competitive with magnitudes of geofluid effectiveness projected for advanced binary plants, and is on the order of 40% higher than estimates for dual-flash steam systems and other total flow systems reviewed. Because of its potentially high performance and relative simplicity, the VPRT system appears to warrant further investigation toward its use in a well-head geothermal plant. 13 refs., 5 figs.
The Landscape Lighting Book

Prefaces xii Acknowledgements xiv I. PROJECT DEVELOPMENT 1.Assessing Project Needs 1 2.Vision and Perception of Light 13 3.Luminous Composition 19 4.The Design Process:Documenting and Installing Landscape Lighting 33 5.Follow-up Work: Record Documents and Project Maintenance 65 II. MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY 85 6. Light Sources 87 7. Light Fixtures 105 8. Corrosion, Materials, and Finishes 137 9.Controls 155 10.Wiring 169 III.APPLICATIONS 193 11.Residential Spaces 195 12. Public Spaces 205 13. Atria 211 IV. ELEMENTS OF DESIGN 219 14. Plant Materials 221 15.Garden Evolution: Changes That Affect 16. Sculptures, Architectural Structures, and Signage 267 17.Walkways and Stairs 281 18.Building Elevation Lighting 297 19.Water Features 309 APPENDIX 321 Documents 322 Lighting Manufacturers Directory 349 Bibliography 357 INDEX 361
Predicting Seam Performance of Commercial Woven Fabrics Using Multiple Logarithm Regression and Artificial Neural Networks

In this study, the capability of artificial neural networks and multiple logarithm regression methods for modeling seam performance of commercial woven fabrics based on seam puckering, seam flotation and seam efficiency were investigated. The developed models were assessed by verifying Mean Square Error (MSE) and Correlation Coefficient (R-value) of test data prediction. The results indicated that the artificial neural network (ANN) model has better performance in comparison with the multiple logarithm regression model. The difference between the mean square error of predicting in these two models for predicting seam puckering, seam flotation, and seam efficiency was 0.0394, 0.0096, and 0.0049, respectively. Thus, the ANN model was found to be more accurate than MLR, and the prediction errors of ANNs was low despite the availability of only a small training data set. However, the difference in prediction errors made by both models was not significantly high. It was found that MLR models were quicker to construct, more transparent, and less likely to overfit the minimal amount of data available. Therefore, both models were effectively predicting the seam performance of woven fabrics.
THE FATIGUE CHARACTERISTICS OF FRICTION STIR WELDED STIFFENED PANEL STRUCTURE

In this paper, the FSW process is reviewed, and compared with other joining methods. In particular, the FSW process is considered as a manufacturing process for airframe structures. To this end a lap joint specimen was developed to represent the stiffened panel of an aircraft skin and its associated stiffener. The materials used in this test program were 2024-T3 as the skin and 7075-T6 as the stiffener. The skin and stiffener were joined using FSW.In the test program the static strength of FSW stiffened panel structures fabricated from 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 were compared with values from the reference literature. In addition, 20 fatigue test specimens classified into 5 groups according to the existence of a tool pin hole and the welding sequence. The welding sequences considered were: Single Pass, Double Pass (Type I) and Double Pass (Type II). S-N curves, fatigue crack growth rate data and metallurgical analysis were investigated and presented for the five groups of FSW specimens.
Experiments on a System for the Synthesis of Virtual Acoustic Sources

The results are presented of a series of experiments designed to evaluate the subjective effectiveness of a digital signal processing system for the production of virtual acoustic sources. The signal processing system, described in an earlier paper, ensures that the acoustic signals produced in the region of a listener's ears by a pair of loudspeakers are substantially equivalent to the signals that would be produced by a virtual source at a prespecified angular location. In this work, attention is restricted to the horizontal plane containing the listener's ears, the pair of loudspeakers, and the intended location of the virtual source. The signal processing system is designed to be able to produce the desired signals at the listener's ears irrespective of the acoustical environment in which the sound is reproduced. The approach used automatically incorporates the design of inverse filters which compensate for the reverberation in a given acoustical environment. Experiments are therefore undertaken not only in anechoic conditions, but also in a listening room and in the interior of an automobile. The system is shown to be remarkably effective in producing accurately localized images over a wide range of angles to the front of a large population of experimental subjects. The system is not so effective in producing images to the sides of listeners and is not effective in producing images to the rear, these images usually being perceived at mirror angular locations to the front of listeners.
Job Monitoring in an Interactive Grid Analysis Environment

The grid is emerging as a great computational resource but its dynamic behavior makes the Grid environment unpredictable. Systems and networks can fail, and the introduction of more users can result in resource starvation. Once a job has been submitted for execution on the grid, monitoring becomes essential for a user to see that the job is completed in an efficient way, and to detect any problems that occur while the job is running. In current environments once a user submits a job he loses direct control over the job and the system behaves like a batch system: the user submits the job and later gets a result back. The only information a user can obtain about a job is whether it is scheduled, running, cancelled or finished. Today users are becoming increasingly interested in such analysis grid environments in which they can check the progress of the job, obtain intermediate results, terminate the job based on the progress of job or intermediate results, steer the job to other nodes to achieve better performance and check the resources consumed by the job. In order to fulfill their requirements of interactivity a mechanism is needed that can provide the user with real time access to information about different attributes of a job. In this paper we present the design of a Job Monitoring Service, a web service that will provide interactive remote job monitoring by allowing users to access different attributes of a job once it has been submitted to the interactive Grid Analysis Environment.
SERIES 60 METHODICAL EXPERIMENTS WITH MODELS OF SINGLE-SCREW MERCHANT SHIPS

Abstract : Contents: Selection of the range of proportions for the series; Choice of hull form for the parent models; Characteristics of series 60 lines; Resistance tests on series 60 parent models; Effect on resistance of variation in LCB position; Effect on delivered horsepower (DHP) of variation in LCB position; Effect on resistance and DHP of variation in ship proportions; Design charts; Effect of variations in propeller diameter and ship draft and trim; Effect of variation in afterbody shape upon wake distribution and power; Review of series 60 project; Possible extension of series 60 and future research; Effects of turbulence stimulators; Use of contours and charts; methods of analysis and fairing of results; Numerical example of use of series 60 charts; International towing tank converence 1957 modelship correlation line.
Ultrasound and magnetic resonance techniques for the haemodynamic quantification of the peripheral vascular system

The aim of this thesis was to determine whether the blood flow velocities in the peripheral vascular system measured using phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging, PC-MRI, techniques could be used in the same way that blood flow velocities measured using spectral Doppler ultrasound are used to aid in the diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease. Specifically, we aimed to investigate the measurement of maximum velocities and the use of maximum velocity ratios; an area of investigation which has been neglected in studies of PC-MRI blood flow quantification to date. A series of optimisation and comparison studies were carried out using in-house developed test phantoms. Key to the in-vitro work was the establishment of a dual modality flow test system which would allow comparison of identical flow conditions measured using ultrasound and MRI. The work was complemented by in-vivo studies in healthy volunteers. A 4D PC-MRI commercial work-in-progress protocol and software package became available during the study and was evaluated in-vitro and in-vivo using similar methods as for the 2D PC-MRI studies. The main findings of the thesis were that 2D PC-MRI measurement of maximum velocities significantly underestimated those measured using spectral Doppler ultrasound. However, if corrections were applied to account for the overestimation of ultrasound maximum velocity due to spectral broadening, then the two methods were in agreement. In contrast, the use of maximum velocity ratios showed no difference between spectral Doppler ultrasound and 2D PC-MRI measurements. It was noted that one of the potential problems with the use of 2D PC-MRI in the measurement of the maximum velocity at a stenosis is the accurate positioning of the 2D velocity encoded slice in the stenotic jet. 4D PC-MRI, with a time resolved velocity encoded volume dataset, offers a potential solution to this. However, our evaluation of 4D PC-MRI showed that it can significantly underestimate both maximum velocities and maximum velocity ratios in comparison with 2D PC-MRI and spectral Doppler ultrasound and requires further development before it can be used for peripheral vascular applications.
Seismic performance and cost‐effectiveness of high‐rise buildings with increasing concrete strength

The relationship between the seismic performance and economics of high‐rise buildings when designed to different material strengths is investigated in this paper. To represent the modern high‐rise construction, five 60‐story reinforced concrete buildings with varying concrete strengths, ranging from 45 MPa to 110 MPa, are designed and detailed to fine accuracy keeping almost equal periods of vibration. Detailed fiber‐based simulation models are developed to assess the relative seismic performance of the reference structures using incremental dynamic analyses and fragility functions. It is concluded that a considerable saving in construction cost and gain in useable area are attained with increasing concrete strength. The safety margins of high‐strength concrete in tall structures may exceed those of normal‐strength concrete buildings, particularly at high ground motion intensity levels. The recommendations of this systematic study may help designers to arrive at cost‐effective designs for high‐rise buildings in earthquake‐prone regions without jeopardizing safety at different performance levels. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wine Science: Principles and Applications

(Section Headings): Introduction. Grapevine Origin, Breeding and Cultivars. Grapevine Structure and Function. Vineyard Practice. Site Selection and Climate. Chemical Constituents of Grapes and Wine. Fermentation. Post-Fermentation Treatment and Processing. Some Specific and Unique Wine Styles. Wine Laws, Authentication and Geography. Sensory Perception and Wine Assessment.