Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of probiotic supplementation on broiler performance at starter phase

A study was conducted to determine the effect of probiotic on performance of broilers chickens at starter phase. In completely randomized design with 4 treatments ( 0 , 0.5, 1, and 1.5 dose of probiotic levels ) 1 and 5 replicates of 12 birds each 240 day-old mail Hubbard Classic broiler chickens with the average weight of 42±2 gram, chickens were placed in 1 × 1.2 m pens for 21 days. Both feed and water provided adlibitum . the probiotic used was a commercially prepared contained streptococcus and bifidobacterum . Feed intake and body weight gain recorded weekly. Feed intake was not affected by treatment at 21 days of age. Body weight and feed to gain ration at 0-21 days of age were significantly (p<0.05) improved by treatments. Under the condition of this experiment probiotic levels added to the drinking water improves body weight and feed efficiency at 21 days of age days of age.
The Effect of Gender, Financial Experience, and Money Attitude on Financial Literacy

This study aims to investigate the effect of gender, financial experience, and money attitude on financial literacy. The sample for this study was 483 students at the University of Bengkulu which consist of 281 male students and 202 female students. The sampling method was convenience sampling. This study was analyzed by using multiple regression methods. This study reveals that gender and financial experience have an effect on financial literacy; while money attitude does not have an effect on financial literacy. This research also found that there are differences in college student's financial experience between having a bank account and those who do not have a bank account in financial literacy. This study reveals that gender and financial experience have an effect on financial literacy; while money attitude does not have an effect on financial literacy.
Eutherian morphological disparity across the end‐Cretaceous mass extinction

© 2015 The Linnean Society of London. In the aftermaths of mass extinction events, during radiations of clades, and in several other evolutionary scenarios, there is often a decoupling of taxonomic diversity and morphological disparity. The placental mammal radiation after the end-Cretaceous mass extinction is one of the archetypal adaptive radiations, but the change in morphological disparity of the entire skeleton has never been quantified across this important boundary. We reconstruct ancestral morphologies of 680 discrete morphological characters onto dated phylogenies of 177 mostly Cretaceous and Palaeogene eutherians (placental mammals and their stem relatives). Using a new approach to incorporate morphologies representing ghost lineages, we assess three measures of morphological disparity (sum of ranges, sum of variances and mean pairwise dissimilarity) across stage-level time bins within the Cretaceous and Palaeogene. We find that the range-based metric suggests that eutherian disparity increased immediately after the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, while both variance-based metrics declined from the Campanian to the Maastrichtian, but showed no change in disparity from the Maastrichtian to the Puercan - the first North American Land Mammal Age of the Paleocene. Increases in variance-based metrics lag behind the range-based metric and per-lineage accumulation rate, suggesting that the response of mammals to the Cretaceous-Palaeogene event was characterized by an early radiation that increased overall morphospace occupation, followed later by specialization that resulted in increased dissimilarity.
Survival, regeneration and leaf biomass changes in woody plants following spring burns in Burkea africana—Ochna pulchra Savanna*

Effects of two intensities of spring burn on various aspects of woody plants of a Burkea africana—Ochna pulchra Savanna after one growth season are given. Mortality of woody plants was very low with, for example, that of individuals of Ochna pulchra being between 1 and 5%. Some species where the above-ground parts were often burned away completely, as in Grewia flavescens , no mortality of individuals occurred. Basal regeneration shoot mass was found to depend parabolically on plant height while the ratio of leaf to twig mass in basal shoot regeneration varied inversely with plant height in Ochna pulchra . The ability of Ochna pulchra plants to produce new basal shoots appeared to not only depend on size of the plant but also on the number of basal shoots present prior to the fire. In live Ochna pulchra plants basal regeneration shoot biomass per individual was found to increase exponentially with greater reduction in canopy leaf biomass. This relation was also affected by possible direct heat effects. Basal shoot regeneration mass was found to vary greatly with species and varied from 0,7 g/individual for Dichapetalum cymosum to 285,6 g/individual for Euclea natalensis . There was a clear tendency for non-suffrutex shrub species to have greater mean basal regeneration shoot mass per plant than that of most tree species. There was a compensatory effect in Ochna pulchra between number and size of basal regeneration shoots. Standing dead woody plant individuals (before the burn) were either felled by fire or apparently unaffected by fire and there was no selectivity by species. Results of the present study are generally supported by other work on the effects of fire in savanna and some other vegetation types.
Prevalence of salmonid alphavirus in Scoish fish farms from 2006 to 2007

During routine inspections of farms in 2006 and 2007 virological and molecular samples were collected from fish to test for SAV. A total of 104 (30 freshwater and 74 marine) sites were tested for SAV. A prevalence of 18% was recorded from 2006 to 2007.
Subfossil chironomid assemblages in deep, stratified European lakes: relationships with temperature, trophic state and oxygen

Summary 1. The distributions of subfossil remains of chironomid larvae in 28 large, deep and stratified lakes in Europe were examined in surface sediments along a latitudinal transect ranging from northern Sweden to southern Italy. 2. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that summer surface water and July air temperature, as well as total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, hypolimnetic oxygen availability and conductivity were statistically significant (P < 0.05) explanatory variables explaining between 11 and 14% of the variance in the chironomid data. 3. Owing to the spatial scale covered by our study, many environmental variables were covarying. Temperature, TP concentration and oxygen availability were positively or negatively correlated with the first axis of a detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) of chironomid assemblages, suggesting that climatic and trophic conditions influenced profundal chironomid assemblages either in a direct (food and oxygen) or in an indirect (temperature) way. Parameters related to local environmental conditions, lake morphology and bedrock geology, such as organic matter content of the sediment, maximum lake depth, Secchi depth and pH, were not significant in explaining the distribution of chironomid assemblages in our study lakes. 4. The strong relationship between chironomid assemblages and summer temperature may be related to the covariation of temperature with parameters, such as nutrient and oxygen availability, known to affect chironomid assemblages in deep, stratified lakes. However, summer temperature explained a statistically significant proportion of the variance in the chironomid assemblages even when effects of oxygen availability and TP concentrations were partialled out. This suggests that summer temperature has an effect on chironomid assemblages in deep lakes, which is not related to its covariation with trophic state. 5. The potential of fossil chironomid analysis for quantitatively reconstructing past nutrient conditions in deep, stratified lakes was examined by calculating the Benthic Quality Index (BQI) based on subfossil chironomids and by comparing BQI values with observed TP concentrations. BQI was linearly related to log-transformed TP. Applying this relationship to fossil chironomid assemblages from Lake Paijanne (Finland) produced a TP reconstruction in agreement with measured TP during the period 1970–1990, demonstrating that this approach can provide quantitative estimates of past nutrient concentrations in deep, stratified lakes.
Power-Time Splitting-Based Non-Linear Energy Harvesting in FD Short-Packet Communications

This paper investigates the reliability, goodput and energy efficiency (EE) performance of a energy harvesting (EH) based full-duplex (FD) cooperative internet-of-things (IoT) network for short-packet communications. We derive approximate closed-form expressions for the block error rate (BLER) and outage probability considering hybrid power-time splitting (PTS)-based practical non-linear EH model having the characteristics of sensitivity and threshold. Based on the derived results, we compare the performance of the considered FD non-linear EH based system with linear one. Moreover, we provide the system goodput and EE analysis using finite blocklength codes. Our analysis reveals key insights related to the impact of blocklength, packet size, self-interference and EH parameters on the reliability and EE performance of the considered IoT network.
Exploiting Security Dependence for Conditional Speculation Against Spectre Attacks

Speculative execution side-channel vulnerabilities such as Spectre reveal that conventional architecture designs lack security consideration. This article proposes a software transparent defense framework, named as Conditional Speculation, against Spectre vulnerabilities found on traditional out-of-order microprocessors. It introduces the concept of security dependence to mark speculative memory instructions which could leak information with potential security risks. More specifically, security-dependent instructions are detected and marked with suspect speculation flags in the Issue Queue. All the instructions can be speculatively issued for execution in accordance with the classic out-of-order pipeline. For those instructions with suspect speculation flags, they are considered as safe instructions if their speculative execution dose not refill new cache lines with unauthorized privilege data. Otherwise, they are considered as unsafe instructions and thus not allowed to execute speculatively. To pursue a balance of performance and security, we investigate two filtering mechanisms, Cache-hit-based Hazard Filter and Trusted Page Buffer-based Hazard Filter to filter out false security hazards. As for true security hazards, we have two approaches to prevent them from changing cache states. One is to block all unsafe access, the other is to fetch them from lower-level caches or memory to a speculative buffer temporarily, and refill them after confirming that they are on the correct execution path. Our design philosophy is to speculatively execute safe instructions to maintain the performance benefits of out-of-order execution while delaying the cache updates for speculative execution of unsafe instructions for security consideration. We evaluate Conditional Speculation in terms of performance, security, and area. The experimental results show that the hardware overhead is marginal and the performance overhead is minimal.
Phase Function Effects on Identification of Terahertz Spectral Signatures Using the Discrete Wavelet Transform

We describe the application of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) in extracting the characteristic absorption signatures of materials from terahertz reflection spectra. We compare the performance of different mother wavelets, including Daubechies, least asymmetric (LA), and Coiflet, based on their phase and gain functions and filter lengths. We show that the phase functions of the wavelet and scaling filters result in spectral shifts to the absorption lines in the wavelet domain. We provide a solution by calculating advancement coefficients necessary to achieve effective zero-phase-function DWT. We demonstrate the utility of this signal processing technique using $\alpha$-lactose monohydrate/polyethylene samples with different levels of rough surface scattering. In all cases, the DWT-based algorithm successfully extracts resonant signatures at 0.53 and 1.38 THz, even when they are obscured by the rough surface scattering effects. The DWT analysis with accompanying phase corrections can be utilized as a robust technique for material identification in nondestructive evaluation using terahertz spectroscopy.
ORBIT EQUIVALENCE ON SELF-SIMILAR GROUPS AND THEIR C*-ALGEBRAS

Following Matsumoto’s definition of continuous orbit equivalence for one-sided subshifts of finite type, we introduce the notion of orbit equivalence to canonically associated dynamical systems, called the limit dynamical systems, of self-similar groups. We show that the limit dynamical systems of two self-similar groups are orbit equivalent if and only if their associated Deaconu groupoids are isomorphic as topological groupoids. We also show that the equivalence class of Cuntz-Pimsner groupoids and the stably isomorphism class of Cuntz-Pimsner algebras of self-similar groups are invariants for orbit equivalence of limit dynamical systems.
Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) and Its Relationship to Phonological Awareness and Reading: A Pilot Study in a Greek Sample of Students with Dyslexia

Introduction: Reading impairment in children with dyslexia stems from either a phonological awareness deficit or a deficit in rapid automatized naming. Both deficits constitute the double deficit hypothesis of dyslexia. The aim of the present study was to assess phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming in a group of Greek-speaking children with dyslexia and to correlate their performance in phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming with reading fluency (accuracy and comprehension) scores. Method: Participants were 23 children with a formal diagnosis of dyslexia and 27 typically-developing children with no other learning difficulties or dyslexia. All children were monolingual speakers of Greek and they were administered a naming speed test, a fluency test, a phonological awareness test and reading accuracy and comprehension tasks. Results: Students with dyslexia scored worse in most phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming and reading fluency measures in comparison to their non-dyslexic peers. In addition, students with dyslexia needed more time to complete the rapid automatized naming tests. Positive correlations were found between phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming and reading fluency tests for both groups of students. Specifically, rapid automatized naming and phonological awareness explained 9.3% and 21.8%, respectively, of the variance in the reading fluency of students with dyslexia, while the respective contributions of rapid automatized naming and phonological awareness to the reading fluency for non-dyslexic students were 2% and 9.3%, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming can be reliable predictors of reading fluency even in orthographically consistent languages (i.e., Greek), offering support to the double deficit hypothesis. In addition, combining phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming tests seems to be a quick and reliable way to early identify children at risk of reading difficulties in the first grades of primary school.
Nitrogen use efficiency : does a trade-off exist between the N productivity and the mean residence time within species?

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) can be divided into two components, i.e. N productivity (A) and the mean residencetime(MRT). Controlledexperimentsindicatethatthereisnotatrade-offbetweenAandMRTwithinspecies,but thistheoryhasnotbeenwelltestedinfieldconditions.Here,westudiedtheA,MRTandNUEofStipakryloviiRoshev.ina grassland over 4 years of N fertilisation experimentation. The three parameters (A, MRT and NUE) were significantly relatedtosoilNsupplyandtherewasanegativerelationshipbetweenAandMRTwithinthisspecies(r=-0.775,P <0.05), i.e. plants with higher A had lower MRT. Our results showed a trade-off between Aand MRT within this Stipaspecies and this observed trade-off was attributed to different responses of A and MRT to soil fertility.
Morphological Change in the Tessellated Darter (Etheostoma olmstedi) Following the Introduction of the Banded Darter (E. zonale) to the Susquehanna River Drainage

Abstract The strong connection between ecology and morphology in fishes predicts that ecologically relevant morphological features will change in concert with changes in habitat use and feeding ecology even over relatively short timescales following species introduction. Here, this hypothesis is tested by examining the trophic morphology of specimens of the native Tessellated Darter, Etheostoma olmstedi, collected at Catatonk Creek, Candor, Tioga Co., NY, USA, between 1961 and 2002. The collections of E. olmstedi bracket a 1980 range expansion by the non-native Banded Darter, E. zonale. Examination of the E. olmstedi specimens revealed that the length of the buccal cavity relative to body size increased following the invasion of Catatonk Creek by E. zonale. An increase in buccal cavity length (BCL) is expected to result in higher suction feeding performance measured as volumetric flow rate of water through the mouth. Such an increase in BCL may enable E. olmstedi to exert greater suction forces on prey and as a result, post-invasion E. olmstedi may be able to capture more elusive prey or to take prey from habitats with smaller substrates than pre-invasion E. olmstedi. The functional and potential ecological consequences of the increase in BCL suggest that the morphological change may be linked to a shift by E. olmstedi to more marginal habitats following the invasion of E. zonale.
A CLASS OF NONHOLOMORPHIC MODULAR FORMS II: EQUIVARIANT ITERATED EISENSTEIN INTEGRALS

We introduce a new family of real-analytic modular forms on the upper-half plane. They are arguably the simplest class of ‘mixed’ versions of modular forms of level one and are constructed out of real and imaginary parts of iterated integrals of holomorphic Eisenstein series. They form an algebra of functions satisfying many properties analogous to classical holomorphic modular forms. In particular, they admit expansions in $q,\overline{q}$ and $\log |q|$ involving only rational numbers and single-valued multiple zeta values. The first nontrivial functions in this class are real-analytic Eisenstein series.
Analysis of Trend and Variability of Climate of Hawassa Based on Surface Observations

Precipitation and temperature are the main determinants of climate change and variability of one’s area. Their change can be disruptive to the normal hydrological processes which plays an important role in agricultural and non-agricultural operations activities. This study is to determine climatology, trends, onset and retreat of rainy seasons and variation in temperature and precipitation by statistical and Mann Kendall test methods at Hawassa station for the period of 1973-2018. The increasing trend of minimum and maximum temperature were detected to be 0.05 and 0.04°C with high coefficient of determination (R 2 = 0.63 and 0.66), respectively. Besides, annual rainfall showed a coefficient of variation 15.2% with mean and standard deviation 965.3mm and 146.5, respectively. Seasonally, Belg season showed higher variability with statistical significant an increasing trend. And also the mean onset Belg season was identified as in the 1 st decade of March and cessation date was in the 2 nd decade of May, and Kiremt season mean onset was after 1 st decade of June and cessation in the 2nd decade of September. The observed warming temperature and fluctuation of rainfall are impacts of global climate change during the last decades in the area.
Distribution of three Vipera species in the Republic of Serbia

LJILJANA TOMOVIĆ, MARKO ANĐELKOVIĆ, IMRE KRIZMANIĆ, RASTKO AJTIĆ, ALEKSANDAR UROŠEVIĆ, NENAD LABUS, ALEKSANDAR SIMOVIĆ, MARKO MARIČIĆ, ANA GOLUBOVIĆ, JELENA ĆOROVIĆ, ANA PAUNOVIĆ, DANKO JOVIĆ, MILIVOJ KRSTIĆ, MARGARETA LAKUŠIĆ, GEORG DŽUKIĆ 1 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology. Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia, e-mail: lili@bio.bg. ac.rs 2 University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” – National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Department of Evolutionary Biology. Despota Stefana Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 3 Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Headquarters. Dr Ivana Ribara 91, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia 4 University of Priština, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Biology Department. Lole Ribara 29, 38220 Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia 5 Serbian Herpetological Society “Milutin Radovanović”. Despota Stefana Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 6 Natural History Museum in Belgrade. Njegoševa 51, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 7 Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Office in Niš. Vožda Karađorđa 14, 18000 Niš, Serbia
IMPACT OF OIL PRICES ON STOCK RETURNS: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN’S STOCK MARKET

Very few studies have investigated the movement in stock returns that result due to changes in oil prices. In recent years due to cooling down of China, unveiled oil reserves of Iran, decreasing demand worldwide and discovery of shale gases the world has experienced a large fall in the oil prices. These changes are also affecting performance of manufacturing and other associated companies in countries all over the world. Pakistan has also been affected by these changes in many ways. Especially, the returns on stock markets have been affected a lot by the variations in the oil prices. This paper using monthly data set from years 2014 to 2016 of the non-financial firms operated in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX), investigates the effect of variation in oil prices on returns on stock. Results from the panel data analysis indicate a negative relationship between the variables. Since, Pakistan is an oil importing, movement in the prices contribute towards affecting the production cost in a positive manner which in turn affects the execution of the enterprises as well as returns of the stocks negatively.
Demography of Cheetahs in Fenced Reserves in South Africa: Implications for Conservation

We collected data on the demography of cheetahs by direct observation over nine years on Kwandwe Private Game Reserve and by questionnaire on seven fenced reserves in South Africa. Average age at independence was 17.5 months; females gave birth to their first litter of cubs at approximately 27.4 months and the average interbirth interval was 17.8 months. The average litter size at emergence was 4.2 and there was a significant difference between litter sizes at independence on reserves with lions (2.9 cubs) compared to those without (4.7 cubs). Age specific mortality was higher in the first four years of life (40–70%) than year five to nine (0%) and increased after year nine. Mortality of adult cheetahs was higher on reserves with lions compared to those without and there was a significant positive relationship (R2 = 0.56; P < 0.05) between cheetah mortality and the density of large predators on these reserves. We conclude that the reproductive rate of cheetahs that have been reintroduced to fenced reserves is high. Mortality of cubs and young adult cheetahs is elevated in the presence of lions and other carnivores. However, even under these conditions small reserves may serve as a source for cheetahs that can be used to re-stock other areas.