Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Are the Effects of Different Abutment Morphologies on Peri-implant Hard and Soft Tissue Behavior? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of different abutment morphologies on peri-implant hard and soft tissue behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS The focus question for this literature search was: What are the effects of different abutment morphology (concave vs convex) on peri-implant hard and soft tissue behavior? Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with a minimum sample size of 20 implants (10 per group) and a follow-up period of at least 3 months after implant loading were considered eligible for this study. This review excluded studies comparing different abutment heights or surfaces and different implant shapes. Two different meta-analyses were performed: one for marginal bone loss (MBL) to evaluate hard tissue changes, and one for Pink Esthetic Score (PES) as an indicator of soft tissue modifications. RESULTS Four publications from 12 full texts analyzed were included. The meta-analysis (data from 117 patients and 173 abutments) indicated that a statistically significant difference (P < .00001) was detected from the data regarding MBL between the two groups (mean difference = -0.21 [95% CI: -0.25, -0.16]), but not considering the PES (mean difference = -0.69 [95% CI: -2.08, 0.70]) after a minimum period of 3 months after implant loading. All such evidence was confirmed by the trial sequential analysis on both MBL and PES. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that abutment design may have an influence on MBL but no impact on soft tissues. However, the existing evidence is moderate, as few RCTs were conducted and follow-up periods were short.
The Effect of Aerobic and Core Stability Training Combination on Respiratory Volume and Balance of Children with Congenital Deafness

Introduction: According to previous studies, it has been shown that weakness in balance and low capacity of pulmonary capacity is one of the main problems in people with congenital deafness. There is a close and meaningful relationship between pulmonary function. Also, balance is one of the factors affecting the quality of life. Its improvement improves the quality of life. The simultaneous strengthening of respiratory and balance improvement functions should be emphasized in order to bring a quality of life closer to normal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a combination of aerobic training and central stability on respiratory volume and balance of congenital deaf students. Methods: This study was a single-blind clinical trial performed at a Deaf School in Qazvin, Iran. The present study was a post-test and pre-test design was performed on 24 congenital deaf students who were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (each group of 12). The experimental group performed exercises for 6 weeks and 3 sessions per week for 60 minutes. During the same period, the control group did not participate in any training program. Before and after training, the volume and pulmonary capacities were measured by a Spirometer, static balance using the (BESS) and dynamic balance test using Star Balance Test (SEBT) was measured. Data were analyzed by the independent samples t-test and ANCOVA test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: According to the results of this study, there was a significant difference in the mean post-test of dynamic and static balance and respiratory functions after carrying out training program in the intervention group. Conclusion: It seems that the aerobic and core stability combination training can improve respiratory volumes as well as a static and dynamic balance in hearing impairment and can be used in conjunction with other training programs.
Mechanism‐based treatment of cancer with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies

Immune checkpoints are cell surface molecules that initiate regulatory pathways which have powerful control of CD8+ cytolytic T cell activity. Antagonistic and agonistic antibodies engaging these molecules have demonstrated profound impact on immune activation and have entered clinical use for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Over the past decade, antagonistic antibodies known as immune checkpoint inhibitors have become a new pillar of cancer treatment and have reshaped the therapeutic landscape in oncology. These agents differ in their mechanism of action and toxicity profiles compared to more traditional systemic cancer treatments such as chemo‐ and targeted therapies. This article reviews the pharmacology of this new class of agents.
Immune profiles provide insights into respiratory syncytial virus disease severity in young children

The mild RSV disease phenotype is driven by robust IFN expression, adequate monocyte activation, and high viral loads. Understanding severity in RSV Almost all young children become infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), but only a small proportion progress to severe disease, and certain immune responses have been shown to be harmful. To better understand immune signatures associated with mild or severe disease, Heinonen et al. performed transcriptomic and flow cytometry analysis on samples from RSV-infected children under the age of two. Children had either severe (inpatients) or mild disease (outpatients). Severe disease samples showed reduced viral loads and type I interferon signatures, as well as the presence of HLA-DRlow monocytes. Overall, a robust innate immune response seemed indicative of a more favorable outcome. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with major morbidity in infants, although most cases result in mild disease. The pathogenesis of the disease is incompletely understood, especially the determining factors of disease severity. A better characterization of these factors may help with development of RSV vaccines and antivirals. Hence, identification of a “safe and protective” immunoprofile induced by natural RSV infection could be used as a as a surrogate of ideal vaccine-elicited responses in future clinical trials. In this study, we integrated blood transcriptional and cell immune profiling, RSV loads, and clinical data to identify factors associated with a mild disease phenotype in a cohort of 190 children <2 years of age. Children with mild disease (outpatients) showed higher RSV loads, greater induction of interferon (IFN) and plasma cell genes, and decreased expression of inflammation and neutrophil genes versus children with severe disease (inpatients). Additionally, only infants with severe disease had increased numbers of HLA-DRlow monocytes, not present in outpatients. Multivariable analyses confirmed that IFN overexpression was associated with decreased odds of hospitalization, whereas increased numbers of HLA-DRlow monocytes were associated with increased risk of hospitalization. These findings suggest that robust innate immune responses are associated with mild RSV infection in infants.
Alternative proteins are functional regulators in cell reprogramming by PKA activation

Abstract It has been recently shown that many proteins are lacking from reference databases used in mass spectrometry analysis, due to their translation templated on alternative open reading frames. This questions our current understanding of gene annotation and drastically expands the theoretical proteome complexity. The functions of these alternative proteins (AltProts) still remain largely unknown. We have developed a large-scale and unsupervised approach based on cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) followed by shotgun proteomics to gather information on the functional role of AltProts by mapping them back into known signalling pathways through the identification of their reference protein (RefProt) interactors. We have identified and profiled AltProts in a cancer cell reprogramming system: NCH82 human glioma cells after 0, 16, 24 and 48 h Forskolin stimulation. Forskolin is a protein kinase A activator inducing cell differentiation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Our data show that AltMAP2, AltTRNAU1AP and AltEPHA5 interactions with tropomyosin 4 are downregulated under Forskolin treatment. In a wider perspective, Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis (STRING) revealed that RefProts associated with AltProts are enriched in cellular mobility and transfer RNA regulation. This study strongly suggests novel roles of AltProts in multiple essential cellular functions and supports the importance of considering them in future biological studies.
Usefulness of CT-Guided Percutaneous Transthoracic Needle Lung Biopsies in Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Infection

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the clinical benefits and risks of CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle lung biopsies (PTNBs) in patients with a suspected pulmonary infection. Materials and Methods This study included 351 CT-guided PTNBs performed in 342 patients (mean age, 58.9 years [range, 17–91 years]) with suspected pulmonary infection from January 2010 to December 2016. The proportion of biopsies that revealed the causative organism for pulmonary infection and that influenced patient's treatment were measured. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with PTNB that revealed the causative organism or affected the treatment. Finally, the complication rate was measured. Results CT-guided PTNB revealed the causative organism in 32.5% of biopsies (114/351). The presence of necrotic components in the lesion (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–2.7; p = 0.028), suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2–3.5; p = 0.010), and fine needle aspiration (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1–5.8; p = 0.037) were factors associated with biopsies that revealed the causative organism. PTNB influenced patient's treatment in 40.7% (143/351) of biopsies. The absence of leukocytosis (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0–3.7; p = 0.049), presence of a necrotic component in the lesion (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.5–3.8; p < 0.001), and suspected tuberculosis (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0–2.8; p = 0.040) were factors associated with biopsies that influenced the treatment. The overall complication rate of PTNB was 19% (65/351). Conclusion In patients with suspected pulmonary infection, approximately 30–40% of CT-guided PTNBs revealed the causative organism or affected the treatment. The complication rate of PTNB for suspected pulmonary infection was relatively low.
Condensation Induced Blistering as a Measurement Technique for the Adhesion Energy of Nanoscale Polymer Films.

Polymeric coatings having micro-to-nanoscale thickness show immense promise for enhancing thermal transport, catalysis, energy conversion and water collection. Characterizing the work of adhesion (G) between these coatings and their substrates is key to understanding transport physics as well as mechanical reliability. Here, we demonstrate that water vapor condensation blistering is capable of in situ measurement of work of adhesion at the interface of polymer thin films with micrometer spatial resolution. We use our method to characterize adhesion of interfaces with controlled chemistry such as fluorocarbon/fluorocarbon (CFn/CFm, n, m = 0 ~ 3), fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon (CFn/CHm), fluorocarbon/silica (CFn/SiO2) and hydrocarbon/silica (CHn/SiO2) interfaces showing excellent agreement with adhesion energy measured by the contact angle approach. We demonstrate the capability of our condensation blister test to achieve measurement spatial resolutions as low as 10 µm with uncertainties of ~10%. The outcomes of this work establish a simple tool to study interfacial adhesion in-situ accurately.
Co-foundress confinement elicits kinship effects in a naturally sub-social parasitoid.

Kinship among interacting individuals is often associated with sociality and also with sex ratio effects. Parasitoids in the bethylid genus Goniozus are sub-social, with single foundress females exhibiting post-ovipositional maternal care via short-term aggressive host and brood defence against conspecific females. Due to local mate competition (LMC) and broods normally being produced by a single foundress, sex ratios are female biased. Contests between adult females are, however, not normally fatal and aggression is reduced when competing females are kin, raising the possibility of multi-foundress reproduction on some hosts. Here we screen for further life-history effects of kinship by varying the numbers and relatedness of foundresses confined together with a host resource and also by varying the size of host. We confined groups of 1 to 8 Goniozus nephantidis females together with a host for 5+ days. Multi-foundress groups were either all siblings or all non-siblings. Our chief expectations included that that competition for resources would be more intense among larger foundress groups but diminished by both larger host size and closer foundress relatedness, affecting both foundress mortality and reproductive output. From classical LMC theory, we expected that offspring group sex ratios would be less female biased when there were more foundresses and from extended LMC theory we expected that sex ratios would be more female biased when foundresses were close kin. We found that confinement led to the death of some females (11% overall) but only when host resources were most limiting. Mortality of foundresses was less common when foundresses were siblings. Developmental mortality among offspring was considerably higher in multi-foundress clutches but was unaffected by foundress relatedness. Groups of sibling foundresses collectively produced similar numbers of offspring to non-sibling groups. There was little advantage for individual females to reproduce in multi-foundress groups: single foundresses suppressed even the largest hosts presented and had the highest per capita production of adult offspring. Despite single-foundress reproduction being the norm, G. nephantidis females in multi-foundress groups appear to attune sex allocation according to both foundress number and foundress relatedness: broods produced by sibling foundresses had sex ratios similar to broods produced by single foundresses (ca. 11% males) whereas the sex ratios of broods produced by non-sibling females were approximately 20% higher and broadly increased with foundress number. We conclude that relatedness and host size may combine to reduce selection against communal reproduction on hosts and that, unlike other studied parasitoids, G. nephantidis sex ratios conform to predictions of both classical and extended LMC theory.
Oxytocin ameliorates maternal separation‐induced ultrasonic vocalisation calls in mouse pups prenatally exposed to valproic acid

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder estimated by the World Health Organization to occur in one of 160 children worldwide. No pharmaceutical treatments are available to improve the deficits in social communication that are common symptoms of ASD. Recent clinical trials have focused on the nasal application of oxytocin, a neuronal peptide known to regulate a variety of social behaviours. However, the effect of oxytocin on this deficit is inconclusive. By contrast, evidence from ASD animal model studies indicates that when animals are treated with oxytocin during early development, improvements in social deficits are observed in adulthood. Thus, it is necessary to examine the effect of therapeutic target medication prescribed in early development. Mice prenatally exposed to valproic acid (VPA) are widely used as an animal model of ASD. However, many behavioural studies have been conducted during adulthood rather than early development. To establish a screening system to identify therapeutic drugs that are effective when delivered during the early postnatal period, it is important to examine the early developmental changes in their communicative behaviours. In the present study, we examined the ultrasonic vocalisation (USV) of VPA‐exposed mice pups during their early postnatal developmental days. USV rates were comparable to those of the controls until the first week of their life but declined more on postnatal day 11. We checked the expression of oxytocin system in the hypothalamus and found the down‐regulation of oxytocin and CD38, and up‐regulation of oxytocin receptor in the VPA pups. Acute administration of oxytocin on postnatal day 11 increased the call rate of VPA pups. Taken together, we have demonstrated there was a deficiency in the oxytocinergic signalling in the VPA pups and also shown the existence of time periods that are effective with respect to screening the therapeutic drugs.
Victims, Vignettes, and Videos: Meta-Analytic and Experimental Evidence That Emotional Impact Enhances the Derogation of Innocent Victims

Research during the 1960s found that observers could be moved enough by an innocent victim’s suffering to derogate their character. However, recent research has produced inconsistent evidence for this effect. We conducted the first meta-analysis (k = 55) of the experimental literature on the victim derogation effect to test the hypothesis that it varies as a function of the emotional impactfulness of the context for observers. We found that studies which employed more impactful contexts (e.g., that were real and vivid) reported larger derogation effects. Emotional impact was, however, confounded by year of appearance, such that older studies reported larger effects and were more impactful. To disentangle the role of emotional impact, in two primary experiments we found that more impactful contexts increased the derogation of an innocent victim. Overall, the findings advance our theoretical understanding of the contexts in which observers are more likely to derogate an innocent victim.
A Protamine Knockdown Mimics the Function of Sd in Drosophila melanogaster

Segregation Distorter (SD) is an autosomal meiotic drive system found worldwide in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. This gene complex induces the preferential and nearly exclusive transmission of the SD chromosome in SD/SD+ males. This selfish propagation occurs through the interplay of the Sd locus, its enhancers and the Rsps locus during spermatid development. The key distorter locus, Sd, encodes a truncated but enzymatically active RanGAP (RanGTPase-activating protein), a key nuclear transport factor in the Ran signaling pathway. When encoded by Sd, RanGAP is mislocalized to the nucleus interior, which then traps Ran inside the nucleus and disrupts nuclear import. As a result of this aberrant nuclear transport, a process known as the histone-to-protamine transition that is required for proper spermatid condensation fails to occur in SD/SD+ males. In this process, sperm-specific protamine proteins enter the spermatid nucleus and replace the formerly chromatin-complexed histones. Previously, we have shown that mutations affecting nuclear import and export can enhance distortion in an SD background, thus verifying that a defect in nuclear transport is responsible for the unequal transmission of chromosomes. Herein, we show that specifically reducing protamines induces distortion in an SD background, verifying that protamines are transported via the RanGAP/GEF pathway and indicating that E(SD) plays a significant and unique role in the process of distortion.
Population-Based Estimates of Chronic Conditions Affecting Risk for Complications from Coronavirus Disease, United States

We estimated that 45.4% of US adults are at increased risk for complications from coronavirus disease because of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory disease, hypertension, or cancer. Rates increased by age, from 19.8% for persons 18–29 years of age to 80.7% for persons >80 years of age, and varied by state, race/ethnicity, health insurance status, and employment.
Correlates of tobacco product initiation among youth and adults in the USA: findings from the PATH Study Waves 1–3 (2013–2016)

Objective To report on demographic and tobacco product use correlates of tobacco product initiation (cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), cigars, hookah and smokeless tobacco) among the US population. Design Data were from the first three waves (2013–2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of US youth (aged 12–17 years) and adults (aged 18+ years). Never users of at least one type of tobacco product at Wave 1 (W1, 2013/14) or Wave 2 (W2, 2014/15) were included (n=12 987 youth; n=25 116 adults). Generalised estimating equations were used to evaluate the association between demographic and tobacco product use characteristics at baseline, and tobacco product initiation at follow-up (ever, past 30 day (P30D), frequent (use on 20 or more of thepast 30 days)) over two 1-year periods (W1–W2 and W2–Wave 3). Results Youth aged 15–17 years were more likely than youth aged 12–14 years and adults aged 18–24 years were more likely than older adults to initiate P30D tobacco use across products; non-heterosexuals were more likely than heterosexuals to initiate P30D cigarette and ENDS use. Older adults were more likely than young adults, and males were more likely than females, to be frequent users of ENDS on initiation. Ever use of another tobacco product predicted P30D initiation of each tobacco product. Discussion Other tobacco product use and age predict P30D tobacco initiation across products whereas associations with other demographic characteristics vary by product. Continued contemporary evaluation of initiation rates within the changing tobacco product marketplace is important.
Pre-stimulus phase and amplitude regulation of phase-locked responses are maximized in the critical state

Understanding why identical stimuli give differing neuronal responses and percepts is a central challenge in research on attention and consciousness. Ongoing oscillations reflect functional states that bias processing of incoming signals through amplitude and phase. It is not known, however, whether the effect of phase or amplitude on stimulus processing depends on the long-term global dynamics of the networks generating the oscillations. Here, we show, using a computational model, that the ability of networks to regulate stimulus response based on pre-stimulus activity requires near-critical dynamics—a dynamical state that emerges from networks with balanced excitation and inhibition, and that is characterized by scale-free fluctuations. We also find that networks exhibiting critical oscillations produce differing responses to the largest range of stimulus intensities. Thus, the brain may bring its dynamics close to the critical state whenever such network versatility is required.
The Association Between Maternal Reminiscing and Maternal Perpetration of Neglect

The elaborative and sensitive guidance of maternal reminiscing are robust facilitators of children’s cognitive and socioemotional development. Maternal reminiscing has been identified as impaired among maltreating mothers and as a mechanism linking maltreatment with poor developmental outcomes. Few studies, however, have examined associations between maternal reminiscing and the severity of abuse, neglect, and emotional maltreatment perpetrated by mothers. In the current study, 156 maltreated and 80 nonmaltreated preschoolers (3–6-year-olds) and their mothers reminisced about four emotional events. Maternal reminiscing was coded for elaboration and sensitive guidance. Department of Child Service records were coded for the severity of each maltreatment subtype perpetrated by the mother against the child that reminisced in the study (i.e., target child level) and against any children within the family (i.e., family level). Neglect severity at both target and family levels was negatively associated with maternal sensitive guidance during reminiscing. More severe neglect perpetrated at the family level was associated with lower maternal elaboration. Maternal reminiscing was not significantly associated with abuse severity or emotional maltreatment severity at the target and family levels. These results contribute to a nuanced understanding of maternal reminiscing among maltreating families, with implications for maltreated children’s development and relational interventions.