Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of aqueous humor total antioxidant capacity and its correlation with corneal endothelial health

Abstract Corneal endothelial decompensation is a serious condition that frequently requires treatment via corneal transplantation which contributes to a global shortage in donor corneas. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of aqueous humor total antioxidant capacity (TAC) on corneal endothelial health. There is an urgent need for discovering protective factors to combat corneal endothelial cell (CEC) loss. For methods, we developed a cupric ion‐based TAC (CuTAC) assay to analyze TAC level in a small volume of aqueous humor, that is, 10 μL per test, and examined the influences of ascorbic acid (AA) and antioxidant proteins on aqueous humor TAC. To broaden the investigation, we conducted a case–control study with patients classified into two groups, an insufficient endothelial cell density (ECD < 2100 cells/mm2) group, and a control group. These groups were formed based on baseline ECD values and were used to evaluate the influence of aqueous humor TAC and AA on overall corneal endothelial health. A CuTAC assay was used to accurately measure aqueous humor TAC without the need for sample dilution. After analyzing a total of 164 human aqueous humor samples, we found that AA was the major contributor to aqueous humor TAC (73.2%). In addition, TAC and AA levels in the IECD and control groups were both found to be significantly different (1.168 vs. 1.592 mM, p = 0.009 and 0.856 vs. 1.178 mM, p = 0.016). TAC and AA were considered independent protective factors against IECD with adjusted odds ratios of 0.02 (p = 0.017) and 0.023 (p = 0.033), respectively. In conclusion, aqueous humor TAC and AA contribute to the maintenance of sufficient corneal ECD, and our CuTAC assay can be a useful tool for analyzing TAC using only a small aqueous humor sample volume.
Vitesse d'échange gazeux à l'interface air-eau : étude méthodologique et facteurs influents

Une portion importante du cycle du carbone se situe au niveau des echanges gazeux entre l'eau et l'atmosphere. L'importance de ces flux est accentuee par l'enjeu des changements climatiques et de la gestion des gaz a effet de serre. Il reste cependant plusieurs aspects de ce processus qui sont mal compris et plusieurs biais persistent dans la methodologie. Dans le but d'ameliorer les techniques d'echantillonnage, la possibilite d'utiliser la turbulence pour predire la vitesse d'echange gazeux (k) a ete exploree et l'hypothese que la chambre flottante engendre de la turbulence artificielle a aussi ete testee. De plus, dans le but d'unifier les diverses relations entre le vent et k, plusieurs variables facilement mesurables combinees a la vitesse du vent ont ete testes. Les donnees de cette etude ont ete echantillonnees d'une part dans le reservoir hydroelectrique d'Eastmain-1 et d'autres parts dans 11 lacs en Estrie, Quebec. La vitesse d'echange gazeux a ete mesure in situ a l'aide d'une chambre flottante. Plusieurs variables meteorologiques dont la turbulence de l'eau ainsi que quelques variables limnologiques ont aussi ete mesures. Un modele robuste a ete elabore en utilisant la turbulence de l'eau a l'interieur de la surface d'echantillonnage de la chambre pour expliquer k. Il a aussi ete demontre la chambre flottante surestime k et cela est due a la turbulence a l'interieur de la surface d'echantillonnage creee par celle-ci. Le rapport de surestimation peut atteinte dix fois la valeur reelle et ensuite diminue plus la turbulence naturelle du systeme augmente. Finalement, il a ete montre que l'ajout de l'aire du systeme aux vitesses de vents dans une regression multiple ameliore grandement la prediction de k dans une variete de systemes aquatiques differents. En apportant de meilleurs outils de mesure et d'estimation des vitesses d'echanges gazeux, cette etude permettra d'ameliorer la precision des estimations des emissions de gaz a effet de serre provenant des milieux aquatiques terrestres. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLES DE L’AUTEUR : echanges gazeux, dioxyde de carbone, interface air-eau, turbulence, chambre flottante
Food Security Challenges in Rapidly Urbanizing Developing Countries: Insight from Indonesia

Urbanization has become a global phenomenon that affects the food system. Some studies revealed that urbanization increases income/capita, thus transforming food consumption from cereals to animal products, vegetables, and fruits. Urbanization, particularly in developing countries, not only produces economic benefits but also various issues that might lessen peoples’ capacity to afford food. This study aims to analyze the impact of urbanization on food consumption, food composition, as well as farming performance. Series of consumption data since 1976 and statistical descriptive approaches were employed. The results showed a trend of declining the share of food expenditures, especially in urban areas, which is commonly regarded as a sign of increasing prosperity. Surprisingly, food composition remained stable, dominated by rice, due to lower-income and higher non-food expenditures of urban inhabitants mainly for housing, transportation, water and energy. The stagnancy of food composition provides less incentive for farmers; thus, farming is dominated by low-revenue paddy fields, uneducated laborers, and older farmers. Based on these findings, some recommendations can be suggested: (1) incorporating food composition and farming performance into food security policies, instead of merely focusing on the compliance of food supply and demand, (2) linking food issues with non-food issues, especially with urban planning, housing development, and transportation management to increase the income capacity of the society to purchase a greater variety of food, and (3) developing food diversification served by urban food vendors to support the benefits of the farming business.
Real‐world evidence of tisagenlecleucel for the treatment of relapsed or refractory large B‐cell lymphoma

Tisagenlecleucel (tisa‐cel) is a second‐generation autologous CD19‐targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy approved for relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B‐cell lymphoma (LBCL). The approval was based on the results of phase II JULIET trial, with a best overall response rate (ORR) and complete response (CR) rate in infused patients of 52% and 40%, respectively. We report outcomes with tisa‐cel in the standard‐of‐care (SOC) setting for R/R LBCL. Data from all patients with R/R LBCL who underwent leukapheresis from December 2018 until June 2020 with the intent to receive SOC tisa‐cel were retrospectively collected at 10 Spanish institutions. Toxicities were graded according to ASTCT criteria and responses were assessed as per Lugano 2014 classification. Of 91 patients who underwent leukapheresis, 75 (82%) received tisa‐cel therapy. Grade 3 or higher cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity occurred in 5% and 1%, respectively; non‐relapse mortality was 4%. Among the infused patients, best ORR and CR were 60% and 32%, respectively, with a median duration of response of 8.9 months. With a median follow‐up of 14.1 months from CAR T‐cell infusion, median progression‐free survival and overall survival were 3 months and 10.7 months, respectively. At 12 months, patients in CR at first disease evaluation had a PFS of 87% and OS of 93%. Patients with an elevated lactate dehydrogenase showed a shorter PFS and OS on multivariate analysis. Treatment with tisa‐cel for patients with relapsed/refractory LBCL in a European SOC setting showed a manageable safety profile and durable complete responses.
On the Stability of Boiling Heat Transfer

Boiling heat transfer in the nucleate region is reviewed. The transition film-boiling region is analyzed by considering the stability of a plane vortex sheet separating two inviscid fluids. Using the classical results of Helmholtz, Kelvin, and Rayleigh, expressions have been derived that predict the maximum and minimum heat-transfer rates in the nucleate and the film-boiling regimes, respectively. The model exhibits the essential features of the phenomenon and shows good agreement with experimental data.
Analyzing Disinfection Kinetics and Reactor Design: A Conceptual Approach Versus the SWTR

The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) specifies C×T values for achieving various degrees of inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms, with C being the concentration of the disinfectant in the effluent from any reactor and T being a characteristic contact time dependent on reactor hydraulics. The disinfection credit calculated for reactors using the SWTR-prescribed C×T approach is compared with predictions based on accepted disinfection kinetics and fundamental reactor behavior. This analysis demonstrates that the C×T approach lacks a sound conceptual basis, tends to be somewhat conservative, and is unnecessarily costly for many water treatment plants
Political Connections and CSR Disclosures in Indonesia

This research seeks to provide evidence about how political connections, proxied by government ownership and the existence of politically connected board members, affect the extent of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures in Indonesian listed companies. This research uses the legitimacy theory as a basis for explaining management’s motivation for disclosing its CSR. The sample consists of 131 firm-year observations from 38 non-financial public companies that published sustainability reports from 2013 to 2017. We measured the CSR disclosures using a disclosure checklist on the sustainability reports. We subsequently processed the data using a random effect (RE) linear regression. The result shows that CSR disclosures were greater in government-owned companies but lower in companies that have politically connected board members. The results support the legitimacy theory that the government intends to demonstrate legitimate national economic and political conditions by showing that government-owned companies are sustainable. However, CSR disclosures seem to have a substitutive relationship with the existence of politically connected board members, since those political connections may protect the company from public pressure and/or the risk of litigation, reducing the need for CSR disclosures. This research provides evidence that different types of political connections may have different impacts on corporate disclosures.
Task switching ability is compromised after cross-hemispheric tDCS over the parietal cortex

Background/Aims: One of the components of working memory is the ability to respond to unexpected demands and rapidly shifting attention between tasks. Previous studies have used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in order to modulate task and set shifting ability over the prefrontal cortex. However, set shifting/task switching ability requires a left-lateralized fronto-parietal network. In this study, we aimed to assess if delivering active cross-hemispheric tDCS over the parietal cortex right anodal/-left-cathodal (pRA-LC) and right cathodal/-left anodal (pRC-LA), as compared to sham tDCS, is able to modulate task switching ability in healthy volunteers. Methods: A total of 17 college students who volunteered (age: 21.65 ± 4.42, 14 females) participated in this pilot study in which the effects of three different single session tDCS conditions over the parietal cortex on task switching ability were assessed. Results: There were significant differences in terms of switch costs F (2,28) = 4,01, p < . 05 dependent on stimulation. Bonferroni pairwise comparisons showed that the Response Time (RT) of the Switch Cost increased significantly (M = 102.84, SD = 18.24) for the pRA-LC condition, when compared with the sham condition (M = 49.44, SD = 17.84) (p = .03, d=2.96) Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the importance of studying the role of the parietal cortex in task switching ability. An activity shift towards the right parietal hemisphere (i.e., pRA-LC) impaired task switching performance, which is consistent with the role of the left parietal cortex on endogenous preparation and adjustment of goal directed behaviors. Future studies should focus on exploring the electrophysiological and neuroimaging correlates associated with the tDCS effects over the parietal, as well as exploring the usefulness of multi-site stimulation.
An investigation into students’ attitudes towards the value of poetry and their knowledge of poetry analysis

Though poetry analysis is a central component of literary studies in higher education, research frequently reports that attitudes of both students and teachers to its incorporation in syllabi are mixed (Weaven & Clark, 2014). Previous research suggests a complex relationship between attitudes to and knowledge of poetry with some studies indicating that negative attitudes might be the result of a lack of competency in analysing such texts (Benton, 1999; Fleming, 1992), and others suggesting the greater the knowledge, the less favourable the attitude (Liao & Roy, 2017; Snapper, 2013). This small-scale quantitative study examines connections between knowledge and attitude in a sample of first-semester Swedish students of English, and investigates potential differences between pre-service teachers, and regular students.
An approach to a country's innovation considering cultural, economic, and social conditions

Abstract One of the main concerns regarding innovation lies in knowing and understanding how this phenomenon occurs. Many countries are basing their aspirations for progress on innovation, placing it at the heart of their growth strategies. In response to this need, this study proposes to analyse the combined effects of five conditions that can lead to a country’s innovation. Using a sample of 51 countries and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), this study aims to find out whether a country’s long-term orientation, its public expenditure on education, its democracy level, the inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI), and its entrepreneurial activity can lead independently or in combination to the presence of innovation. The results show that the democracy level and the long-term orientation of a country are key conditions to lead to a country’s innovation. Conversely, the inflows of FDI and the public expenditure on education seem to play a secondary role to lead to a country’s innovation. Besides, the entrepreneurial activity of a country and its innovative activity seem to behave in the opposite direction. The results are intended to help governments, businesses, and investors make decisions capable of generating greater value at all levels.
Two Propagation Scenarios of Isolated Breakdown Lightning Processes in Failed Negative Cloud‐to‐Ground Flashes

Isolated breakdown process (also known as attempted leader or inverted intra‐cloud discharge) is a lightning phenomenon characterized by radio wave pulses similar to signatures of preliminary breakdown before negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes, but in this case no cloud‐to‐ground return strokes occur. We identified 128 isolated breakdown pulse trains in measurements collected in the Mediterranean by a broadband receiver (0.005–37 MHz) in 2015 and 2018. By combining these records with concurrent Lightning Mapping Array measurements of very high frequency radiation (60–66 MHz) emitted by in‐cloud discharges we investigate the development of each discharge. We identify two scenarios: Either the discharges continue to propagate almost horizontally for more than 150 ms (73%), or they quickly fade out (27%). The geo‐localized sources of the observed isolated breakdown pulse trains, together with their waveform characteristics (duration, inter‐pulse intervals, regularity, and bipolar shapes) show that both scenarios are similar to initiation processes preceding negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes.
Cyclic Creep Behavior and Modified Life Prediction of Bainite 2.25Cr-1Mo Steel at 455 °C

Uniaxial static and cyclic creep tests were carried out on bainite 2.25Cr-1Mo steel at 455 °C. Effects of the unloading rate from 0.6 to 39 MPa/s and valley stress duration from 0 to 30 min on the cyclic creep deformation behavior were discussed. The results indicated that the fracture behavior under static and cyclic creep conditions showed a consistent ductile mode. The strain accumulation rate under cyclic creep was significantly retarded as compared with static creep due to the presence of anelastic recovery which was apparently influenced by the unloading conditions. For cyclic creep tests, the unrecoverable strain component determined by a systematic classification of the stress–strain curve was the true damage. A modified life prediction method proposed based on the unrecoverable strain component presented a good life prediction for cyclic creep.
Do Child Abuse Pediatricians Search for a “Pediatric Vulcan Planet”? Comparison of Controversies about the Vulcan-Must-Exist-Theory and the Infant-Must-Have-Been-Shaken-Theory

We argue that there are similarities between the Vulcan-must-exist-theory, derived from the Original Unrestricted Newtonian Gravitational (OUNG) theory, on the one hand, and on the other hand the infant-must-have-been-shaken-theory, derived from the Original Unrestricted Abusive Head Trauma (OUAHT) theory. Although the Vulcan-must–exist-theory was apparently supported by observations over a period of 50 years, after the introduction of Einstein’s general relativity theory in 1915 and its corroboration in 1919, the alleged planet was subsequently neither observed nor needed. In analogy with the Einstein/Vulcan reasoning, we suggest that the introduction of the non-shaken baby theory by Geddes et al. in 2001-2004 indicates that in cases where an infant displays no external signs of trauma, the infant-must-have-been-shaken-theory is no longer needed. Moreover we argue that the two new theories -Einstein’s and Geddes et al.’shave relevant similarities in terms of the effect on the respective original, unrestricted theory. Just as acceptance of Einstein’s general relativity theory led to the abandonment of the Vulcan-must-exist-theory, it is reasonable to claim that the infant-must-have-been-shaken-theory should also be abandoned. We finally argue that
Numerical Investigation Energy Conversion Performance of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells Using Cell Capacitance Simulator

The power conversion efficiency of lead halide perovskite solar cells has been elevated to 25.2%. However, the toxicity of lead and the complex fabrication process of those cells considerably hinder the commercial application of such solar cells. Therefore, lead-free solar cells with comparable power conversion efficiency with a much lower environmental impact have recently attracted enormous attention in both academia and industry. This paper presents a theoretical study to assess the energy conversion capacity of lead-free perovskite solar cells with MASnI3 perovskite as its absorber layer using solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS). In particular, the effects of materials of the perovskite solar cells’ electron transport layers (ETLs) and hole transport layers (HTLs) on their energy conversion performance are elaborated. Our results show that Cd0.5Zn0. 5S and MASnBr3 are the most suitable materials for ETL and HTL, respectively. It is also found from that the solar cell performance can be further enhanced through optimizing the thickness and defect density of its absorber layer. Moreover, the effects of defect densities in interface layers are investigated. In addition, the effects of ETL and HTL doping densities as well as influences of the back-contact work function and operating temperature of the tin-based perovskite solar cells are discussed. Finally, a glass substrate/FTO/Cd0.5Zn0. 5S (ETL)/MASnI3/MASnBr3 (HTL)/back-contact solar cell with a power conversion efficiency of 23.86% is recommended for further optimization.
Influence of Granulating Fluids in Hydroxypropycellulose Binder Solution on Physical Properties of Lactose Granules

In the present study, a water/isopropyl alcohol system was selected as the solvent in a hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) binder solution for the preparation of lactose granules.With a fluidized bed granulation method, the mean granule diameter increased as the adhesion tension (γcosθ) and lactose solubility increased. With an agitating granulation method, the mean granule diameter was independent of the adhesion tension and lactose solubility, but it increased as the viscosity of the binder solution increased.With both granulating methods, greanule hardness increased as the adhesion tension and lactose solubility increased, while the pore volume of the granules decreased as the adhesion tension and lactose solubility increased.The quantitative relationship between the physical properties of the granules and several properties of the solvent solution was investigated by the application of multiple regression analysis.
Sacrificial Worship (Qurban) Motivation Determinant Factors of Tuatunu Population in Pangkalpinang City

This article intends to find an answer to the high level of community participation in Tuatunu Urban Village in the City of Pangkalpinang, Bangka Belitung Islands Province in the animal sacrifice (qurban) during the Eid al-Adha feast day. Tuatunu Urban Village only has a population of approximately 9,000 inhabitants and the average livelihood of its inhabitants is as pepper, rubber and pineapple farmer. But in 2019 Eid al-Adha the level of participation of the people who follow the animal sacrifice from the five mosques in this area is highest when compared to the seven sub-districts in the Municipality of Pangkalpinang. Tuatunu Urban Village sacrifices approximately 32 cows at 2019 Eid Al-Adha, where seven people bear one cow. This Urban Village celebrates Eid al-Adha like Eid al-Fitr where residents visit each other's neighbors. This article is the result of quantitative research with the dependent variables of motivation and the independent variables of religiosity, generosity, avoid harm, and social status. This study found that the variables that influence the motivation to animal sacrifice the people of Tuatunu Village are the factors of religiosity, social status and avoid harm while the elements of generosity do not significantly influence the motivation to sacrifice.
Routine laboratory parameters of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients: a single center study in Brazil

Objective: Evaluate the severity of tuberculosis and its association with laboratory tests before antituberculosis treatment. Methodology: Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were evaluated for severity using data available in medical records (Clinical; Excretion of mycobacteria; and Diagnostic imaging) and associated with biochemical and hematological parameters requested at the time of diagnosis and before antituberculosis treatment. Results: The evaluation of the severity showed a predominance of smear AFB (+), fever associated with other symptoms and infiltrative tuberculosis. Only a positive correlation between mycobacteria excretion and imaging diagnosis (rho=0.47; p=0.023) was observed. The patients presented hyponatremia (9/21), hypomagnesemia (6/13), and hypercalcemia (1/13), unrelated to the severity. The presence of fever influenced the number of non-segmented neutrophils (p=0.0142) and the total leukocyte count correlated with the increase in total neutrophils (rho=0.9631; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Different severity characteristics of tuberculosis, although they reflect the degree of commitment of the patient, are not always correlated; the evaluation of electrolytes could contribute to clinical behavior; and nonsegmented neutrophils are associated with a worse clinical prognosis in patients with tuberculosis.