Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Randomization on Circular-Complex Extreme Learning Machine for Real Valued Classification Problems

eme Learning Machine (ELM) has recently emerged as a fast classifier giving good performance. Circular-Complex extreme learning machine (CC-ELM) is recently proposed complex variant of ELM which has fully complex activation function. It has been shown that CC-ELM outperforms real valued and other complex valued classifiers. In both CCELM & ELM parameters between input and hidden layer are initialized randomly and the weights between hidden and output layer are obtained analytically. Due to this randomization, the performance of both ELM & CC-ELM fluctuates. In this paper, performance fluctuation due to random parameter of CC-ELM and the circular transformation function have been analyzed first, then by using an Ensemble approach namely Bagging, a variants Bagging.C1 is proposed to bring the stability in the performance of CC-ELM. In Bagging.C1 various data samples are generated by using random parameters of circular transformation function. Performance of proposed classifier ensemble is evaluated using a set of benchmark real-valued classification problems from the University of California, Irvine machine learning repository. Keywordscomplex-valued neural networks; extreme learning machine
Single-Round Infectious Particle Antiviral Screening Assays for the Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus with a positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome that contains a big open reading frame (ORF) flanked by 5′- and 3′- untranslated regions (UTRs). Nearly 30,000 JE cases with 10,000 deaths are still annually reported in East Asia. Although the JEV genotype III vaccine has been licensed, it elicits a lower protection against other genotypes. Moreover, no effective treatment for a JE case is developed. This study constructed a pBR322-based and cytomegaloviruses (CMV) promoter-driven JEV replicon for the production of JEV single-round infectious particles (SRIPs) in a packaging cell line expressing viral structural proteins. Genetic instability of JEV genome cDNA in the pBR322 plasmid was associated with the prokaryotic promoter at 5′ end of the JEV genome that triggers the expression of the structural proteins in E. coli. JEV structural proteins were toxic E. coli, thus the encoding region for structural proteins was replaced by a reporter gene (enhanced green fluorescent protein, EGFP) that was in-frame fused with the first eight amino acids of the C protein at N-terminus and the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2A peptide at C-terminus in a pBR322-based JEV-EGFP replicon. JEV-EGFP SRIPs generated from JEV-EGFP replicon-transfected packaging cells displayed the infectivity with cytopathic effect induction, self-replication of viral genomes, and the expression of EGFP and viral proteins. Moreover, the combination of JEV-EGFP SRIP plus flow cytometry was used to determine the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of antiviral agents according to fluorescent intensity and positivity of SRIP-infected packaging cells post treatment. MJ-47, a quinazolinone derivative, significantly inhibited JEV-induced cytopathic effect, reducing the replication and expression of JEV-EGFP replicon in vitro. The IC50 value of 6.28 µM for MJ-47 against JEV was determined by the assay of JEV-EGFP SRIP infection in packaging cells plus flow cytometry that was more sensitive, effective, and efficient compared to the traditional plaque assay. Therefore, the system of JEV-EGFP SRIPs plus flow cytometry was a rapid and reliable platform for screening antiviral agents and evaluating antiviral potency.
Model Predictive Motion Control of a Spacecraft in Touchdown Phase to the Asteroid

JAXA is planning the new asteroid exploration mission after "HAYABUSA". The supposed operation of it seems to require much higher guidance accuracy in approach and touchdown phase than previous mission since it is expected to touchdown inside of the newly made crater. For position controller design Model Predict Control (MPC) which can consider limitations in control input and predict future state is applied in this paper. The performance and usefulness of this control algorithm is evaluated through numerical simulation.
Bayesian networks design of load-frequency control based on GA

Frequency regulation in interconnected networks is one of the main challenges in power systems. Significant interconnection frequency deviations can cause under/over frequency relaying and disconnect some loads and generations. Under unfavorable conditions, this may result in a cascading failure and system collapse. A control strategy for solving this problem in a multi-area power system is presented by an intelligent based load frequency control (LFC) using Bayesian networks (BNs). This method admits considerable flexibility in defining the control objectives specifically in a large scale power system. The BNs provide efficient probabilistic inference algorithms that permit answering various probabilistic queries about the system and incorporate expert knowledge and historical data for revising the prior belief in the light of new evidence in many fields. It is also possible to include local conditional dependencies into the model, by directly specifying the causes that influence a given effect. To demonstrate the capability of the proposed control structure, a three-control area power system simulation with two different scenarios is presented.
Interactions of Listeria monocytogenes with mammalian cells during entry and actin‐based movement: bacterial factors, cellular ligands and signaling

Although <50 kb of its 3.3 megabase genome is known, Listeria monocytogenes has received much attention and an impressive amount of data has contributed in raising this bacterium among the best understood intracellular pathogens. The mechanisms that Listeria uses to enter cells, escape from the phagocytic vacuole and spread from one cell to another using an actin‐based motility process have been analysed in detail. Several bacterial proteins contributing to these events have been identified, including the invasion proteins internalin A (InlA) and B (InlB), the secreted pore‐forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO) which promotes the escape from the phagocytic vacuole, and the surface protein ActA which is required for actin polymerization and bacterial movement. While LLO and ActA are critical for the infectious process and are not redundant with other listerial proteins, the precise role of InlA and InlB in vivo remains unclear. How InlA, InlB, LLO or ActA interact with the mammalian cells is beginning to be deciphered. The picture that emerges is that this bacterium uses general strategies also used by other invasive bacteria but has evolved a panel of specific tools and tricks to exploit mammalian cell functions. Their study may lead to a better understanding of important questions in cell biology such as ligand receptor signalling and dynamics of actin polymerization in mammalian cells.
Spatial query handling in semantic web application: an experience report

Semantically capturing, storing and fetching spatial sensor web data play an important role in various cyber-physical applications. Different tools are available for each of these purposes but all of them have integration and interoperability issues of their own. In this paper, we provide a detailed comparison of different combination of tools and substantiate facts to select the right ones to seamlessly build a semantic web framework which provide effective spatial reasoning and perform semantic query over sensor web data. We also discuss various technical challenges faced during the implementation.
Individually randomized intervention trials for disease prevention and control

It is argued that randomized, controlled trials should fulfil a critical role in the identification of practical approaches to the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Because of the great public health potential of chemopreventive and behavioural approaches to chronic disease prevention there is need for a major interdisciplinary scientific effort aimed at intervention development. Because of the cost and duration of controlled trials to evaluate specific interventions there is a need for well-conducted feasibility, pilot and intermediate outcome trials, to inform and to justify corresponding full-scale trials having clinical disease outcomes. Compared to therapeutic trials, prevention trials need to have a greater emphasis on overall benefit versus risk assessment. Such trials need to be large enough, and of sufficient duration, to yield powerful tests of key hypotheses, and informative benefit versus risk summary statements. These requirements have a range of implications for intervention trial design, conduct, monitoring and reporting, which are reviewed and discussed. The clinical trial component of the ongoing Women's Health Initiative provides illustration throughout this discussion.
On the optimality of top-k algorithms for Interactive Web Applications

In an interactive Web application, the application state changes according to user choices/actions. To assist users in their interaction with such applications, there is a need to provide them with recommendations for the top-k (according to some ranking metric) interactions. These recommendations must be continually updated, as the user interacts with the application, to be consistent with the actual choices she makes. Efficiency of computation is critical here to provide fast response time and a pleasant user experience. This paper establishes formal foundations for measuring the optimality of top-k algorithms of the aforementioned type, i.e. how well they perform relative to other algorithms, with respect to all possible input instances. We define several intuitive notions of optimality in this setting, analyze the fundamental difficulties in obtaining optimal algorithms, and identify conditions under which such algorithms exist.
Nanofibrous scaffolds supporting optimal central nervous system regeneration: an evidence-based review

Restoration of function following damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is severely restricted by several factors. These include the hindrance of axonal regeneration imposed by glial scars resulting from inflammatory response to damage, and limited axonal outgrowth toward target tissue. Strategies for promoting CNS functional regeneration include the use of nanotechnology. Due to their structural similarity, synthetic nanofibers could play an important role in regeneration of CNS neural tissue toward restoration of function follow- ing injury. Two-dimensional nanofibrous scaffolds have been used to provide contact guidance for developing brain and spinal cord neurites, particularly from neurons cultured in vitro. Three-dimensional nanofibrous scaffolds have been used, both in vitro and in vivo, for creating cell adhesion permissive milieu, in addition to contact guidance or structural bridges for axons, to control reconnection in brain and spinal cord injury models. It is postulated that nanofibrous scaffolds made from biodegradable and biocompatible materials can become powerful structural bridges for both guiding the outgrowth of neurites and rebuilding glial circuitry over the "lesion gaps" resulting from injury in the CNS.
Modulation of tubuloglomerular feedback responsiveness by extracellular ATP.

Experiments were performed in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats to determine the effects of activation of P2 purinoceptors sensitive to ATP on glomerular capillary pressure, as estimated from proximal tubule stop-flow pressure (SFP) measurements, and on the magnitude of maximal tubuloglomerular feedback-mediated reductions in SFP. To selectively expose nephrons in vivo to ATP without influencing arterial blood pressure, we infused ATP directly into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. Peritubular capillary infusion, at a rate of 20 nl/min, of an isotonic saline solution containing 10(-3) M ATP elicited a transient decrease in resting SFP. However, subsequent infusion of 10(-3) M ATP together with the adenosine receptor (P1 purinoceptor) antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-p-sulfophenylxanthine (PSPX, 10(-3) M) into the same vascular sites elicited a sustained decrease in resting SFP. Peritubular infusion of the slowly metabolizable ATP analogue, beta,gamma-methylene-ATP (10(-3) M), at a rate of 20 nl/min, also elicited a transient decrease in SFP, but this was not converted to a sustained response by PSPX. The SFP feedback responses to a late proximal perfusion rate of 40 nl/min were markedly attenuated during peritubular infusion of either 10(-3) M ATP (8.7 +/- 1.2 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.9 mmHg; P < 0.01, n = 9) or 10(-3) M beta,gamma-methylene-ATP (8.2 +/- 1.3 vs. 2.2 +/- 1.2 mmHg; P < 0.01, n = 8). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in women with cervical neoplasia.

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma levels of insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and the risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. METHODS Plasma levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 of 44 cervical cancer patients, 82 CIN patients and 40 neoplasm-free patients were investigated. Then the associations of the plasma levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 with cervical neoplasm or its clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed. RESULTS The mean IGF-1 concentrations were significantly different among the control, CIN, and cervical cancer groups; the levels were higher in the CIN group compared to the controls. According to the quartile category, the plasma IGF-1 level was significantly higher (p=0.0015) in the CIN group than in the controls. The IGFBP-3 level showed no association between the controls and CIN groups (p=0.842). Although the mean IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio had borderline significance (p=0.08) among the study population, the quartile comparison showed a significantly higher IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio in the CIN group compared to the control group (p=0.041). CONCLUSION Plasma levels of IGF-1 and the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio might be useful for the development early detection of cervical lesions and used as an adjuvant diagnostic tool for cervical neoplasia after more larger scale research.
Parallel-resonator HF micromechanical bandpass filters

High frequency, fourth-order, micromechanical bandpass filters, with tunable frequency and bandwidth, and filter Q's in the thousands, are demonstrated in a polysilicon surface micromachining technology. These filters utilize a parallel-resonator architecture, in which properly phased outputs from two or more micromechanical resonators are combined to yield a desired filter spectrum. Design formulas are given for Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Bessel filters, and each of these filter types are demonstrated with center frequencies close to 14.5 MHz and filter Q's ranging from 830 to 1600.
Relationship Between a Frailty-Related Phenotype and Progressive Deterioration of the Immune System in HIV-Infected Men

Context:Immunological similarities have been noted between HIV-infected individuals and older HIV-negative adults. Immunologic alterations with aging have been noted in frailty in older adults, a clinical syndrome of high risk for mortality and other adverse outcomes. Using a frailty-related phenotype (FRP), we investigated in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study whether progressive deterioration of the immune system among HIV-positive individuals independently predicts onset of FRP. Methods:FRP was evaluated semiannually in 1046 HIV-infected men from 1994 to 2005. CD4 T-cell count and plasma viral load were evaluated as predictors of FRP by logistic regression (generalized estimating equations), adjusting for age, ethnicity, educational level, AIDS status, and treatment era [pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (1994-1995) and HAART (1996-1999 and 2000-2005)]. Results:Adjusted prevalences of FRP remained low for CD4 T-cell counts >400 cells per cubic millimeter and increased exponentially and significantly for lower counts. Results were unaffected by treatment era. After 1996, CD4 T-cell count, but not plasma viral load, was independently associated with FRP. Conclusions:CD4 T-cell count predicted the development of a FRP among HIV-infected men, independent of HAART use. This suggests that compromise of the immune system in HIV-infected individuals contributes to the systemic physiologic dysfunction of frailty.
Analysis of the study of the cerebellar pinceau by Korn and Axelrad

The axon initial segment of each cerebellar Purkinje cell is ensheathed by basket cell axons in a structure called the pinceau, which is largely devoid of chemical synapses and gap junctions. These facts and ultrastructural similarities with the axon cap of the teleost Mauthner cell led to the conjecture that the pinceau mediates ephaptic (via the extracellular field) inhibition. Korn and Axelrad published a study in 1980 in which they reported confirmation of this conjecture. We have analysed their results and show that most are likely to be explained by an artefactual signal arising from the massive stimulation of parallel fibres they employed. We reproduce their experiments and confirm that all of their results are consistent with this artefact. Their data therefore provide no evidence regarding the operation of the pinceau.
Stand-off TEI Annotation: the Case of the National Corpus of Polish

We present the annotation architecture of the National Corpus of Polish and discuss problems identified in the TEI stand-off annotation system, which, in its current version, is still very much unfinished and untested, due to both technical reasons (lack of tools implementing the TEI-defined XPointer schemes) and certain problems concerning data representation. We concentrate on two features that a stand-off system should possess and that are conspicuously missing in the current TEI Guidelines.
Base-pair neutral homozygotes can be discriminated by calibrated high-resolution melting of small amplicons

Genotyping by high-resolution melting analysis of small amplicons is homogeneous and simple. However, this approach can be limited by physical and chemical components of the system that contribute to intersample melting variation. It is challenging for this method to distinguish homozygous G::C from C::G or A::T from T::A base-pair neutral variants, which comprise ∼16% of all human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We used internal oligonucleotide calibrators and custom analysis software to improve small amplicon (42–86 bp) genotyping on the LightScanner®. Three G/C (PAH c.1155C>G, CHK2 c.1-3850G>C and candidate gene BX647987 c.261+22,290C>G) and three T/A (CPS1 c.3405-29A>T, OTC c.299-8T>A and MSH2 c.1511-9A>T) human single nucleotide variants were analyzed. Calibration improved homozygote genotyping accuracy from 91.7 to 99.7% across 1105 amplicons from 141 samples for five of the six targets. The average Tm standard deviations of these targets decreased from 0.067°C before calibration to 0.022°C after calibration. We were unable to generate a small amplicon that could discriminate the BX647987 c.261+22,290C>G (rs1869458) SNP, despite reducing standard deviations from 0.086°C to 0.032°C. Two of the sites contained symmetric nearest neighbors adjacent to the SNPs. Unexpectedly, we were able to distinguish these homozygotes by Tm even though current nearest neighbor models predict that the two homozygous alleles would be identical.
Design of a Cylindrical Brachytherapy Implant Applicator for the Irradiation of an Intestinal Segment in Mice

Abstract Ying, H. , Serhir, L. , Mahy, P., Reniers, B. and Gueulette, J. Design of a Cylindrical Brachytherapy Implant Applicator for the Irradiation of an Intestinal Segment in Mice. Radiat. Res. 159, 123–127 (2003). Experimental determination of the RBE of new isotopes for brachytherapy implants (e.g. iodine-125 and palladium-103) remains a very difficult problem, especially in small animals, where the seeds cannot be implanted easily in the planned geometry in a reproducible way. This technical note describes an original device that makes it possible to irradiate a segment of the intestine in mice for the purpose of determining the RBE for crypt regeneration. The device is a length of tube (3.4 mm and 7 mm internal and external diameter, respectively) whose external surface has been longitudinally grooved and into which the seeds can be squeezed (each groove holds either one or two seeds). The tube is composed of two sections. This seed container can be surgically positioned around an intestinal ansa while the mice are anesthetized. The mean dose rates in the intestine (for eight seeds) were found to be 86.3 ± 5.9 and 79.0 ± 5.4 cGy/h for 29.2 MBq (1 U) iodine and 28.6 MBq (1 U) palladium seeds, respectively. So far, more than 100 mice have been irradiated successfully. Full dose–effect relationships can be obtained using the same seeds and applying them successively in different groups of animals (which ensured the accuracy of the relative doses).
Improvement of Compressive Sampling and Matching Pursuit Algorithm Based on Double Estimation

—Compression sampling matching pursuit algorithm (CoSaMP) is widely applied to image reconstruction owing to its high precision of reconstruction, robustness, and simple operation. In this paper, we propose a new method, the CoSaMP based on double estimation, to properly overcome the shortcomings in CoSaMP for choosing too much optional atoms and imprecise choice. The concept of the maximum estimation, which is called maxValue , is proposed as a key point. The maxValue is calculated from the largest relevant 2k atoms of selected atoms in each iteration using least square solution method. At the next step, the maxValue is regard as a selection condition for the optional atoms to decrease the number of candidate atoms and increase its accuracy. The simulation results show that this algorithm can precisely reconstruct the original signal. Under the same sampling rate, compared to the CoSaMP, the proposed method can greatly improve the PSNR and reconstruction performance.
Achieving Optimal Dose Intensity with Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Elderly Breast Cancer Patients: A 10‐Year Retrospective Study in a UK Institution

Abstract: The study was to determine if breast cancer patients aged 65 and above could be given adjuvant chemotherapy safely while achieving an acceptable relative dose intensity of at least 85%. We identified all patients aged 65 and over who received adjuvant chemotherapy over the 10 year period, November 1999 to October 2009, and determined the proportion that achieved a relative dose intensity of at least 85% as well as the tolerability of their treatment. A total of 101 patients were identified, with a median age of 69 years (range 65–78). Of these, 25.7% of patients had at least one major comorbidity, 84.2% had a tumor size of 5 cm or less, 73.3% were node positive and 58.4% were hormone receptor positive. The chemotherapy regimens used were AC (Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide), FEC (Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, and Cyclophosphamide), CMF (Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, and Fluorouracil) and ECMF (Epirubicin followed by CMF). Seventy‐nine patients (78.2%) achieved the relative dose intensity of at least 85%. With respect to toxicity, 11.9% of patients developed febrile neutropenia and 23.8% of patients required hospital admission during the treatment period, but there were no treatment‐related deaths in the group. A significant proportion of patients aged 65 and above achieved the intended dose intensity of at least 85% over this 10‐year period, with manageable toxicity levels. This supports the use of these regimens as adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in this age group.