Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Targeted predator defenses of sponges shape community organization and tropical marine ecosystem function

Defenses that target particular consumers often influence community organiza- tion, ecosystem function, and diversity maintenance. In coral reef, mangrove, and seagrass ecosystems, sponges affect substratum stability, water clarity, diversity of associated species, and survival of habitat-providing organisms, key roles not duplicated by other organisms. Whether and how predators control sponges are much disputed. Substantial ecosystem conse- quences of losing or gaining sponges motivated definitive experiments on how predators control sponge distribution and abundance. Caribbean sponges of 94 species representing 13 taxonomic orders and three linked habitats (coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass meadows) were exposed to seven predator species representing different habitats and degrees of spon- givory in 4,493 in situ trials. The resulting data force reassessment of popular interpretations of several patterns and processes. Contrary to extract pellet assays that declare most sponges deterrent, 78% of these 94 species were eaten by at least one predator. But “ palatability ” is consumer dependent: a sponge species eaten by one predator can be rejected by other predators, and predator species differed in what sponges they ate in 55.4% (214/392) of pairwise comparisons between predators. Because spongivore species are usually restricted to particular habi- tats, they impose abrupt boundaries on sponges ’ habitat distributions, reflecting inverse relationships between accessibility and palatability to each predator. Thus a seagrass-dwelling starfish eats only 9% of seagrass sponge species, but 70% of coral reef species, and 78% of mangrove species. Reef-dwelling angelfishes completely consume only 13% of reef species, but 29% of seagrass species, and 63% of mangrove species. Defenses that target specific predators reveal that spongivore influence on community organization cannot be inferred from extract pellet/ omnivore assays that assume defenses target all predators equally. In fact, pellet data wrongly predicted actual consumption of living sponges of that pellet ’ s species in 43% of field experiments with spongivores. In contrast with herbivore – plant interactions, opportunistic spongivory is at least as important as routine spongivory for community organization and ecosystem function. Potential for loss of key functional roles of sponges, if opportunistic predators gain access to sponge species that lack defenses against them, must inform conserva- tion plans for coral reef, mangrove, and seagrass ecosystems.
Heavy Metal Levels in Vegetables Cultivated in Pakistan Soil Irrigated with Untreated Wastewater: Preliminary Results

Unfortunately, vegetables are commonly cultivated with untreated wastewater and consumed by human beings who often ignore their harmful impacts on health. The industrialization and urbanization in developing countries have led to the release of increasing amounts of heavy metals (HM) into the environment. Regular monitoring of metal concentration levels in contaminated soils and edible plants is essential to prevent their excessive build-up in the diet and food chains. This study aimed to determine the concentration and accumulation of selected HM in the soil-plant system from a field located in D.I. Khan, Pakistan. Thereby, determinations of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co) were assessed in the soil of the field as well as in the roots, stems, leaves, and grains of ridge gourds (RG) and sponge gourds (SG). The gourds were irrigated with untreated wastewater and removed from the soil when completely matured. Their parts were then separated and digested for HM analyses, which were performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mean HM concentrations of each gourd were compared to each other within the same vegetable or between the vegetables. Intra-analyses depicted a similar quantitative distribution of HM in the RG or SG parts. Independently of the gourds’ variety, Fe and Pb were the most concentrated HM, and Pb was particularly concentrated in grains. Mean concentrations of Pb and Co in these vegetables were found to be toxic, since they exceeded the safe limits recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). Inter-analyses of HM concentrations performed between RG and SG parts revealed that the mean concentration of Pb was significantly higher in roots of SG compared to that of RG. Nevertheless, mean Cr concentrations were significantly higher in all parts of RG compared to that of SG. The concentrations of Co were insignificantly different between the parts of these two vegetables. Also, the assessment of hyperaccumulation factors demonstrated that these gourds are hyperaccumulators, improper for dietary intake and commercialization, but might be useful for phytoremediation. Taken together, our data shed light on the urgent need for developing sustainable agriculture in Pakistan.
Impact of Climate Change on Rice Production and Local Adaptation Practices Adopted by Farmers in Surkhet, Nepal

A total of 120 sample households were randomly selected from two municipalities of Surkhet for this study. The primary data were collected by survey questionnaire, direct observation, FGD whereas secondary data of rainfall temperature and rice productivity were collected from different sources. Majority of farmers perceived increase in temperature, decrease in rainfall frequency, decrease in rainfall duration and increase in flooding hazard during rainy season. Trends analysis of temperature and rainfall data over 35 years (1980-2015) showed, increasing trends of maximum temperature (0.06oC/year) and minimum temperature (0.03oC/year) which were in the line with the farmer's perception. Trend analysis revealed that total annual precipitation was decreasing by 3.77 mm/year while monsoon rainfall was increasing by 0.051 mm/year. About 20% respondents had clear knowledge on climate change. The major source of information was media (43.43%) and self-experiences (36.3%). The major climate change adaptation practices adopted by farmers were use of drought resistant varieties, flood resistant varieties, use of electric water pump, and use of local irrigation channel. The study showed that only 39.17% of the respondents know about crop insurance policy and only 6.66% of the total respondents done crop insurance on different crop. The regression analysis showed that rainfall and average maximum temperature has positive effect on yield and production. The study showed that farmers were positive to adapt climate change adaptation strategies. So, government and policy makers should focus on climate resilient adaptation strategies formulation for rice cultivation through intensive research and extension package. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 7, Issue-4: 202-213
Achievement of Functional Independence in a Patient with Sickle Cell Disease with Autoimmune Hepatitis, Osteomyelitis, Wilson’s Disease, and Pathological Fracture Following Physiotherapy

Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive condition caused by malfunction in the synthesis of haemoglobin (Hb) where a single amino acid glutamic acid in the β globin gene is exchanged with valine. 1 The red blood cells assume an abnormal biconcave disk into elongated, rigid, crescent-shaped sickle cells, causing haemolysis and occlusion of microcirculation, which then in turn will lead to hypoxia and sickling of the tissue, 2 reducing their capacity to microcirculation, with frequent clotting and thrombosis, leading to obstruction, ischemia and infarction, damaging many organs. 1 Auto-Immune-Hepatitis (AIH) has high risk of steroid-related harmful reactions or other immunosuppressive therapies. 3 Blood transfusions is useful in prevention and treatment of acute and chronic conditions. 4 The subsequent elevated excretion of bilirubin predisposes to cholelithiasis, which might be attributed to several other hepatological complications such as haemosiderosis related to transfusion, persistent viral hepatitis, and autoimmune liver disease (AILD). 5 Tissue hypoxia causes a supplementary inflammatory response resulting in higher intramedullary
Manufacturing strategy in small firms: unveiling the drivers of strategic consensus

Abstract Strategic consensus can be defined as agreement on strategy content and process across all levels of an organisation. Although strategic consensus is considered a major factor for the success of any manufacturing strategy, the topic has been widely neglected in the operations management literature. Moreover, the limited existing literature typically focusses on large firms in developed economies. In response, this study explores strategic consensus in 38 small companies in Brazil. Multiple company visits were combined with surveys and interviews. Responses from all operational managers (55 responses) and 117 operational-level employees (operators) were obtained. Using cluster analysis this study tests 10 research propositions regarding drivers of strategic consensus that where obtained through a systematic literature review. Results suggest that a high degree of formalisation in planning activities supports strategic consensus, that professional and decentralised decision making may be a better alternative for small firms and that the formalisation of communication channels may not be mandatory for strategic consensus, if there is, for example, a close relationship and collaboration between managers and employees.
Uncertainty Evokes Consumers’ Preference for Brands Incongruent with their Global–Local Citizenship Identity

This research demonstrates that under states of certainty, consumers with a relatively stronger global (local) identity prefer global (local) brands, whereas under states of uncertainty, consumers with a relatively stronger global (local) identity prefer local (global) brands. This effect occurs because uncertainty (certainty) activates a divergent (convergent) thinking style, which results in a preference for options that are more distant from (closer to) the identity to which consumers associate more strongly. The effect holds both when individuals’ global–local citizenship identity is measured and when it is manipulated. The research further establishes an important boundary condition for the effect. The effect holds in the citizenship identity context because people normally associate themselves with both local and global citizenship identities, and situational or dispositional factors only influence the degree to which they associate with each identity. The effect does not surface when individuals construe their local–global citizenship identities as interfering, meaning they conceive that holding one identity conflicts with holding the other.
THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND CORPORATE CULTURE ON FIRM MARKET VALUE TO IMPROVE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of corporate governance and corporate culture on firm market value to improve financial performance. Corporate governance is measured by audit committee,boards of directors, board meeting and nomination . Corporate culture is measured by Corporate culture promotion While financial company performance is measured by return on assets. This research was conducted on companies listed on the Indonesia Stock exchange on indexed LQ 45 for period of 2016-2018. The sample was selected for 25 companies. The method of analysis uses associate descriptive analysis with path analysis. Based on the results of the study found that corporate governance and culture promotion indirectly effect on financial performance with firm market value as intervening variable.
Response of various doses of organic manure on growth and yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L)

Response of various doses of organic manure on growth and yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L)” was carried out during winter season of 2018-19 at Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Different combinations Control, Poultry manure + Jeevamrita +Beejamrita +mulching, Poultry manure+ mulching, Jeevamrita +Beejamrita +mulching, NPK 20:30:30 (kg/ha), Poultry manure were used as treatment. Observations were recorded on vegetative parameters such as plant height(cm), number of branches per plant, number of fruiting node per plant, at, 30, 60 and 90 DAS and yield attributes viz. umbel per plant, umbellate per umbel fruit per umbel, fruit per umbellate, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot on the basis of the analysis of results, it is found that RDF (N: P: K:: 20:30:30) has proved to potential input in case of plant height, branches per plant, fruiting node per plant, umbel per plant, umbellate per plant, umbel per umbellate, fruit per umbel, fruit per umbellate, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, coriander displayed highest value amongst the treatment of various combination of organic manure viz., Beejamrita, Jeevamrita and poultry manure. The treatment number six poultry manure + Jeevamrita +Beejamrita + mulching came out the best combination for growth and yield characters of coriander for commercial production.
PENGARUH INTELECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN DAN HARGA SAHAM

This study aims to determine the effect of intellectual capital disclosure on firm value and also the effect of intellectual capital disclosure on stock prices in Indonesia. The sample selection method used in this study was purposive sampling. Of the 43 banks in Indonesia, it was found that there were 40 banks that were sampled in this study according to the specified characteristics. This study uses secondary data derived from annual reports of banking companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2019 period. Data processing is done using the STATA application. Measurement of disclosure of intellectual capital uses checklist items, measurement of company value uses the price to book value and stock prices are seen from the stock market closing price contained in the annual report. The results of this study indicate that an increase in the disclosure of intellectual capital cannot significantly affect the increase in firm value, while on the same occasion an increase in disclosure of intellectual capital information itself can significantly affect an increase in stock prices.
Inter-Subject Analysis: A Partial Gaussian Graphical Model Approach

Abstract Different from traditional intra-subject analysis, the goal of inter-subject analysis (ISA) is to explore the dependency structure between different subjects with the intra-subject dependency as nuisance. ISA has important applications in neuroscience to study the functional connectivity between brain regions under natural stimuli. We propose a modeling framework for ISA that is based on Gaussian graphical models, under which ISA can be converted to the problem of estimation and inference of a partial Gaussian graphical model. The main statistical challenge is that we do not impose sparsity constraints on the whole precision matrix and we only assume the inter-subject part is sparse. For estimation, we propose to estimate an alternative parameter to get around the nonsparse issue and it can achieve asymptotic consistency even if the intra-subject dependency is dense. For inference, we propose an “untangle and chord” procedure to de-bias our estimator. It is valid without the sparsity assumption on the inverse Hessian of the log-likelihood function. This inferential method is general and can be applied to many other statistical problems, thus it is of independent theoretical interest. Numerical experiments on both simulated and brain imaging data validate our methods and theory. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
MURDER AND DRUG TRAFFICKING SPATIAL DEPENDENCE

This paper analyzes the correlation between drug trafficking and homicides in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais - Brazil, to identify the spatial relationship between these phenomena in the urban environment. Based on data from the police reports in the period of 2007 to 2016, the spatial patterns of these criminal typologies and their spatial association were evaluated. The data were grouped on a 500-meter square grid, showing the main hot spots for the two types of crimes, as well as their recurrence. To complement the analysis, an indicator was proposed based on the assumptions of Ousey and Lee (2002), who describe the pre-existing social conditions for the relationship between drug trafficking and homicides to be established. From the methodology adopted, it was possible to verify the spatial association between the two criminal classifications, as well as the tendency for clusters of cells with a high incidence of crimes to be formed. There was also an association between the empirical data and those regions of the city where the pre-existing social conditions that encourage the association between drug trafficking and homicides are present, reinforcing the idea that the illegal drug market is a contingent cause of lethal violence. Keywords: Violence. Homicide, Drug Trafficking, Spatial Analysis, Spatial correlation.
Dynamic changes in soil erosion risk and its driving mechanism: A case study in the Loess Plateau of China

The Loess Plateau has long been considered as a very fragile area that suffers from serious water erosion. With the onset of global climate fluctuations and regional implementation of soil and water conservation measures, it is of great significance to effectively reveal the variations in soil erosion risk and its driving mechanism on the Loess Plateau. Taking the Yanwachuan watershed as a case study and using rainfall, soil, digital elevation model (DEM) and land‐use data, this study applied the Revised Universal Soil loss Equation (RUSLE) model with geographic information system (GIS) technology to analyse the temporal and spatial variations of soil erosion risk and to evaluate the effects of land‐use change and climate change on soil erosion from 1981 to 2016. Future soil erosion risk was also assessed under different land‐use and climate‐change scenarios. Results showed that annual soil loss in the Yanwachuan watershed presented a significant decreasing trend with a rate of 47.928 t km−2 a−1 and that average annual soil loss was 3,543.7 t km−2 from 1981 to 2016. However, some areas, even with good vegetation cover, still had a rather high soil erosion risk (exceeding the severe erosion rate of 5,000 t km−2 in 2000–2016) if located in hilly and gully slope regions. Land‐use change and climate variation contributed 37.2% and 62.8%, respectively, to reducing soil erosion, showing that climate variation played a leading role in current soil‐erosion reduction. In addition, the average soil losses in the 2020s, 2030s and 2040s under different scenarios are predicted to increase by 8.6–42.6% compared with the average soil loss (2,993.8 t km−2) in 2001–2016. Future climate change may be the main driving factor in enhancing the risk of soil erosion. Hence, there is an urgent need to strengthen soil and water conservation research and management in future years.
Place of magnesium sulfate in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A systematic review and meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION: Sudden cardiac arrest treatment is challenging, And the effectiveness of resuscitation procedures — especially in pre-hospital conditions — is low. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to investigate the effects of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in cardiac arrest on the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival to hospital discharge. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science up to May 25, 2020, and we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We synthesized results by using mean differences, and odds ratios. The overall incidence and outcome of cardiac arrest were assessed using a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 5 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Survival to discharge was higher in magnesium sulfate group compared to placebo group (9,5% vs. 8.2% respectively; OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 0.61, 2.23; p = 0.64). Higher survival rate to hospital admission was observed in the placebo group — 26.9% compared to the group where magnesium was administered — 25.7% (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.59, 1.47; p = 0.77. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates no statistically significant benefit of resuscitation with magnesium sulfate compared to the placebo. Thus, due to the low number of studies we recommend future randomized controlled trials to identify which anti-arrhythmic drug we should use on shock-refractory cardiac arrest.
Performance Evaluation of Improved Oat Varieties/Accessions at East Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

The study was conducted with the objectives to introduce adaptive, high grain and forage yielder of improved Oat accessions/varieties for mid land of Guji zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications under Bore Agricultural Research Center, Adola sub site for two consecutive (2013/14 to 2014/15) in the mean season. Data of 50% date flowering, date of mature, biomass yield, plant height and diseases incidence were collected. Significant (P<0.001) differences were observed for all measured agronomic traits except for lodging and green fodder yield. The result indicates that Jasari was the shortest and Grayaleris was the longest in terms of date of 50% flowering. Grayaleris Variety is late mature whereas Bona Bas variety is early mature. The maximum and minimum plant height was recorded from Lampton and Grayaleris variety respectively that showed significant (P<0.001) variation. Jasari variety (90%) followed by 6710 (83.33%) accession and lampton (78.33%) variety was the most susceptible and has low resistance to disease reaction (leaf and stem rust) and the lowest diseases severity was recorded from Bona Bas (1.67%) followed by Bonsa (6.6%) and 79Ab382 (TX) 80SA95 (10%) varieties. The maximum grain yield (28.85 quant/ha) was produced by accession 79Ab382 (TX) 80SA95 followed by accessions CI-8235 and CI-8237 which where (26.48 and 26.43 quant/ha) respectively and Lampton variety produced minimum grain yield (15.36 quant/ha). From this study, it is concluded that the oat varieties/ accessions 79Ab382 (TX) 80SA95, CI-8235 and Bonsa were found a promising in terms of grain yield, green fodder yield, absence of lodge and diseases resistance than others that could be demonstrated and popularized as an alternative feed resources under smallholder conditions in the study areas and other places of Guji zones of Oromia region with similar climatic and edaphic conditions.