Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survival analysis and mortality predictors of COVID-19 in a pediatric cohort in Mexico

Background The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been relatively less lethal in children; however, poor prognosis and mortality has been associated with factors such as access to health services. Mexico remained on the list of the ten countries with the highest case fatality rate (CFR) in adults. It is of interest to know the behavior of COVID-19 in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with mortality due to COVID-19 in pediatric patients. Objective Using National open data and information from the Ministry of Health, Mexico, this cohort study aimed to identify clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with COVID-19 mortality in pediatric patients. Method A cohort study was designed based on National open data from the Ministry of Health, Mexico, for the period April 2020 to January 2022, and included patients under 18 years of age with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Variables analyzed were age, health services used, and comorbidities (obesity, diabetes, asthma, cardiovascular disease, immunosuppression, high blood pressure, and chronic kidney disease). Follow-up duration was 60 days, and primary outcomes were death, hospitalization, and requirement of intensive care. Statistical analysis included survival analysis, prediction models created using the Cox proportional hazards model, and Kaplan-Meier estimation curves. Results The cohort included 261,099 cases with a mean age of 11.2 ± 4 years, and of these, 11,569 (4.43%) were hospitalized and 1,028 (0.39%) died. Variables associated with risk of mortality were age under 12 months, the presence of comorbidities, health sector where they were treated, and first wave of infection. Conclusion Based on data in the National database, we show that the pediatric fatality rate due to SARS-CoV-2 is similar to that seen in other countries. Access to health services and distribution of mortality were heterogeneous. Vulnerable groups were patients younger than 12 months and those with comorbidities.
The language of healthcare worker emotional exhaustion: A linguistic analysis of longitudinal survey

Importance Emotional exhaustion (EE) rates in healthcare workers (HCWs) have reached alarming levels and been linked to worse quality of care. Prior research has shown linguistic characteristics of writing samples can predict mental health disorders. Understanding whether linguistic characteristics are associated with EE could help identify and predict EE. Objectives To examine whether linguistic characteristics of HCW writing associate with prior, current, and future EE. Design, setting, and participants A large hospital system in the Mid-West had 11,336 HCWs complete annual quality improvement surveys in 2019, and 10,564 HCWs in 2020. Surveys included a measure of EE, an open-ended comment box, and an anonymous identifier enabling HCW responses to be linked across years. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software assessed the frequency of one exploratory and eight a priori hypothesized linguistic categories in written comments. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) assessed associations between these categories and past, present, and future HCW EE adjusting for the word count of comments. Comments with <20 words were excluded. Main outcomes and measures The frequency of the linguistic categories (word count, first person singular, first person plural, present focus, past focus, positive emotion, negative emotion, social, power) in HCW comments were examined across EE quartiles. Results For the 2019 and 2020 surveys, respondents wrote 3,529 and 3,246 comments, respectively, of which 2,101 and 1,418 comments (103,474 and 85,335 words) contained ≥20 words. Comments using more negative emotion (p < 0.001), power (i.e., references relevant to status, dominance, and social hierarchies, e.g., own, order, and allow) words (p < 0.0001), and words overall (p < 0.001) were associated with higher current and future EE. Using positive emotion words (p < 0.001) was associated with lower EE in 2019 (but not 2020). Contrary to hypotheses, using more first person singular (p < 0.001) predicted lower current and future EE. Past and present focus, first person plural, and social words did not predict EE. Current EE did not predict future language use. Conclusion Five linguistic categories predicted current and subsequent HCW EE. Notably, EE did not predict future language. These linguistic markers suggest a language of EE, offering insights into EE’s etiology, consequences, measurement, and intervention. Future use of these findings could include the ability to identify and support individuals and units at high risk of EE based on their linguistic characteristics.
Socioeconomic determinants and inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding among children in Peru

Introduction Although Latin America and the Caribbean have one of the highest prevalences of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), the countries in this region have socioeconomic determinants that influence the frequency of this practice and do not allow achieving the 70% target recommended by the World Health Organization. Therefore, the objective of the study was to examine the socioeconomic determinants and perform a decomposition analysis of socioeconomic inequalities in EBF in Peruvian children 6 to 59 months of age. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out using the 2021 Demographic and Family Health Survey. The dependent variable for the study was EBF up to 6 months of age and the wealth index variable was used to perform the inequality analysis. Poisson log generalized linear regression models were fitted to evaluate the association between EBF and the independent variables, and concentration curves and Erreygers concentration index decomposition were used to analyze inequalities in EBF. Results A total of 9926 surveyed participants were included. The prevalence of EBF was 70.5% (95% confidence interval: 69.2-71.8). Women who were married, self-identified as native, received EBF training, resided in the highlands and jungle, and their child was the second or older showed a higher likelihood of EBF. In the inequality analysis, EBF was concentrated among the poorest mothers and the major contributors were residing in the highlands and jungle and belonging to the middle and wealthy quintiles. Discussion Our findings suggest that the main strategies to encourage the practice of EBF should be focused on all mothers regardless of their socioeconomic status in order to reduce the EBF gap between richer and poorer women.
A new machine learning model for predicting severity prognosis in patients with pulmonary embolism: Study protocol from Wenzhou, China

Introduction Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common thrombotic disease and potentially deadly cardiovascular disorder. The ratio of clinical misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of PE is very large because patients with PE are asymptomatic or non-specific. Methods Using the clinical data from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Wenzhou, China), we proposed a swarm intelligence algorithm-based kernel extreme learning machine model (SSACS-KELM) to recognize and discriminate the severity of the PE by patient’s basic information and serum biomarkers. First, an enhanced method (SSACS) is presented by combining the salp swarm algorithm (SSA) with the cuckoo search (CS). Then, the SSACS algorithm is introduced into the KELM classifier to propose the SSACS-KELM model to improve the accuracy and stability of the traditional classifier. Results In the experiments, the benchmark optimization performance of SSACS is confirmed by comparing SSACS with five original classical methods and five high-performance improved algorithms through benchmark function experiments. Then, the overall adaptability and accuracy of the SSACS-KELM model are tested using eight public data sets. Further, to highlight the superiority of SSACS-KELM on PE datasets, this paper conducts comparison experiments with other classical classifiers, swarm intelligence algorithms, and feature selection approaches. Discussion The experimental results show that high D-dimer concentration, hypoalbuminemia, and other indicators are important for the diagnosis of PE. The classification results showed that the accuracy of the prediction model was 99.33%. It is expected to be a new and accurate method to distinguish the severity of PE.
Numerical modelling of non-cohesive embankment breach with the dual-mesh approach

The numerical model BASEMENT, based on the two-dimensional shallow-water equations, is applied to breaching processes of non-cohesive earth embankments due to overtopping. The governing equations are solved using an explicit finite-volume method combined with a Godunov-type approach. For spatial discretization, a mass-conserving dual-mesh approach with separate, unstructured meshes for hydrodynamic and sediment computations is developed allowing for accurate terrain representation. The surface erosion is modelled with the Exner and sorting equations for multiple grain classes in combination with empirical bed-load transport formulas and advection–diffusion equations for suspended-load transport. Additionally, the lateral breach widening caused by gravitationally-induced slope failures is considered using a novel algorithm adapted for unstructured grids. The model is successfully applied to two recent laboratory experiments including plane and spatial dike breaches, and a field-scale embankment breach. Detailed comparisons between measured and simulated laboratory spatial breach formations confirm the basic model assumptions.
Location of the Optical Reverse Shock in the Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant

We use two epochs of Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 images separated by 2 yr to determine the location and propagation of the reverse shock (RS) in the young supernova remnant Cassiopeia A (Cas A). The images trace optical line emission from fast-moving knots and filaments of highly processed ejecta as they cross the RS, become heated and compressed, and radiatively cool. At numerous positions around the optical shell, new emission features are seen in the 2002 images that were not yet visible in the 2000 exposures. In a few instances emission features seen in the first epoch have completely disappeared in the second epoch. We concentrate on two regions along the rim of the main emission shell in Cas A for close inspection: one in the northwestern part of the shell and another along the southwestern part of it. In these regions the RS is viewed almost edge-on, and its precise position has been measured. The RS is coherent in these regions over arcminute (~1 pc) scales but is highly distorted perpendicular to the direction of expansion. We find the RS to be generally expanding at 50%-60% of the ~5500 km s-1 bulk velocity of the optical ejecta. We present shock models for the ejecta that are consistent with the high densities and short cooling times observed in the optical knots of the Cas A remnant.
AN INEQUALITY FOR THE MAXIMUM CURVATURE OF PLANAR CURVES WITH APPLICATIONS TO SOME EIGENVALUES PROBLEMS

It is shown that the Pestov-Ionin inequality for the largest inscribed circle can be used to obtain an asymptotic version of the reverse Faber-Krahn inequality for the lowest eigenvalues of Robin and magnetic Neumann Laplacians in two dimensions. We also give an alternative proof of the related curvature bounds using the flow by curvature. 1. Isoperimetric inequalities The aim of this note is discuss a relation between an isoperimetric inequality for the curvature and Faber-Krahn-type inequalities for some boundary valued problems which attracted an attention recently. The isoperimetric inequality is as follows: Theorem 1. Let γ be a simple closed planar curve which is Lipschitz, piecewise smooth and without convex corners. Denote by kmax(γ) maximum curvature on the smooth part and by A(γ) the enclosed area, then
Effects of straw returning combined with earthworm addition on nitrification and ammonia oxidizers in paddy soil

Introduction Soil ammonia oxidation, which acts as the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification, is driven by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox, amoA gene of clade-A and clade-B). Straw returning, widely used ecological technology in China, is an effective measure for promoting straw decomposition and soil nutrient cycling when combined with earthworm addition. However, the effects of straw returning combined with earthworm addition on soil ammonia oxidizers remain poorly understood. Methods A 2-year plot experiment was conducted with 5 treatments: no fertilizer (CK); regular fertilization (RT); straw returning (SR); earthworm addition (W); straw returning + earthworm addition (SRW). The AOA, AOB, comammox clade-A and clade-B community microbial diversities and structures were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. Results The results showed that (1) compared to RT treatment, W, SR, and SRW treatments all significantly increased the richness of AOA and comammox clade-A and clade-B (p < 0.05), and the richness of AOB was only significantly promoted by SRW treatment (p < 0.05). However, only SRW had a higher comammox clade-B diversity index than RT. (2) The ammonia oxidizer community structures were altered by both straw returning and earthworm addition. Soil NH4+-N was the critical environmental driver for altering the ammonia oxidizer community structure. (3) Compared with RT treatment, the soil potential nitrification rate (PNR) of W and SRW treatments increased by 1.19 and 1.20 times, respectively. The PNR was significantly positively correlated with AOB abundance (path coefficient = 0.712, p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with clade-B abundance (path coefficient = −0.106, p < 0.05). Discussion This study provides scientific support for the application of straw returning combined with earthworm addition to improve soil nitrification with respect to soil ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms. Highlights Straw returning combined with earthworm increased the richness of ammonia oxidizers. NH4+-N was a critical driver for altering the ammonia oxidizer community structure. Earthworm addition significantly increased soil PNR. Under the alkaline paddy soil, AOB dominated in soil nitrification.
A catalog of low surface brightness galaxies - List II

A list of galaxies characterized by low surface brightness (LSB) is presented which facilitates the recognition of galaxies with brightnesses close to that of the sky. A total of 198 objects and 140 objects are listed in the primary and secondary catalogs respectively, and LSB galaxies are examined by means of H I redshift distributions. LSB disk galaxies are shown to have similar sizes and masses as the high-surface-brightness counterparts, and ellipticals and SOs are rarely encountered. Many LSB spirals have stellarlike nuclei, and most of the galaxies in the present catalog are late-type galaxies in the Sc, Sm, and Im classes. The LSB region of observational parameter space is shown to encompass a spectrum of types as full as that of the Hubble sequence. It is suggested that studies of LSB galaxies can provide important data regarding the formation and star-formation history of all galaxies.
Early postoperative calcitonin-to-preoperative calcitonin ratio as a predictive marker for structural recurrence in sporadic medullary thyroid cancer: A retrospective study

Background Calcitonin (Ctn) is widely used as a marker in the diagnosis, prognosis, and postoperative follow-up of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The prognostic value of postoperative calcitonin-to-preoperative calcitonin ratio (CR), reflecting the change in Ctn level of response to initial treatment, remains uncertain in long-term disease outcomes. This study aims to determine the cut-off value of CR for predicting structural recurrence and assess the prognostic role of CR in patients with MTC. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients with MTC in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) between 2000 and 2022. CR is defined as the ratio of postoperative Ctn level on the day of discharge divided by preoperative Ctn level. In order to determine the optimal cut-off value of CR, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. We evaluate the effect of CR on recurrence-free survival (RFS) by using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. Then, a nomogram based on CR was constructed. Results In total, 112 sporadic MTC patients were included in this study. The optimal cut-off value of CR that predicted disease recurrence was 0.125. Patients with CR≥0.125 showed significantly worse RFS than patients with CR <0.125, respectively (3-years RFS rate of 63.1 vs. 94.7%, 5-years RFS rate of 50.7 vs. 90.3%, P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, CR was the strongest independent predictor of structural recurrence (HR: 5.050, 95% CI: 2.247–11.349, P <0.001). Tumor size (HR: 1.321, 95% CI: 1.010–1.726, P =0.042), multifocality (HR: 2.258, 95% CI: 1.008–5.058, P =0.048) and metastasized lymph nodes (HR: 3.793, 95% CI: 1.617–8.897, P <0.001) were also independent predictors of structural recurrence. The uncorrected concordance index (c-index) of the nomogram was 0.827 (95% CI, 0.729-0.925) for RFS, and bias-corrected c-index were similar. As compared to TNM stage, the nomogram based on CR provided better discrimination accuracy. Conclusions We demonstrate that CR is a strong prognostic marker to predict structural recurrence in patients with sporadic MTC. The nomogram incorporating CR provided useful prediction of RFS for patients with sporadic MTC to provide personalized treatment.
Comparison of different insulin resistance surrogates to predict hyperuricemia among U.S. non-diabetic adults

Purpose Although it has been well-acknowledged that insulin resistance (IR) plays a critical role in the development of hyperuricemia (HU), specific relationship between IR and HU in non-diabetic patients remains rarely studied, and there is still no large-scale research regarding this issue. This study aims to explore the association between triglyceride glucose (TyG), TyG with body mass index (TyG-BMI), the ratio of triglycerides divided by high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C), metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR), and the risk of HU in non-diabetic patients in The United States of America. Patients and methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) enrolling a representative population aged ≥18-year-old were included to calculate these four indexes. Logistic regression analysis was applied to describe their associations and calculate odds ratios (OR) while the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was utilized to assess the prediction ability of these four indexes. Results A total of 7,743 people (3,806 males and 3,937 females, mean age: 45.17 ± 17.10 years old) were included in this study, among whom 32.18% suffered from HU. After adjustment for sex, age, ethnicity, education background, smoking status, drinking status, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), metabolic equivalent values (METs), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, it showed that all four indexes were closely related to HU. Compared with the lowest quartile, OR of the highest quartile of these four indicators for HU were as following respectively: TyG: 5.61 (95% CI: 4.29–7.32); TyG-BMI: 7.15 (95% CI: 5.56–9.20); TG/HDL-C: 4.42 (95% CI: 3.49–5.60); METS-IR: 7.84 (95% CI: 6.07–10.13). TyG, TyG-BMI, TG/HDL-C and METS-IR had moderate discrimination ability for HU, with an AUC value of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.65–0.68), 0.67 (95% CI: 0.65-0.68), 0.68 (95% CI: 0.67-0.69) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.66–0.69) respectively. Each index showed better prediction ability for HU risk in females than in males. Conclusion It was found that the risk of HU was positively associated with the elevation of TyG, TyG-BMI, TG/HDL-C and METS-IR in a large-scale population of U.S., and TyG-BMI and METS-IR have a better ability to identify HU in both genders.
Cavitation inception during the interaction of a pair of counter-rotating vortices

Pairs of unequal strength, counter-rotating vortices were produced to examine the inception and dynamics of vortex cavitation as the vortices undergo a long-wavelength instability. The instability causes the weaker, secondary vortex to be turned and stretched by the stronger primary vortex. Folding and stretching of the secondary vortices result in sharp reductions of the core pressure. Here, these sharp and transient reductions in the secondary vortex core pressure produced incipient cavitation at static pressures that were as much as 20 times higher than that required for inception in the core of the unstretched secondary vortex. In addition, the majority of nuclei measured was of the order of 1 μm in size, which requires tension on the order of 100 kPa for cavitation inception to occur. The flow parameters that lead to the instability and cavitation inception in the secondary vortex are examined, and the measured event rates are correlated to freestream nuclei populations and static pressure. These mea.
Hyperbaric oxygen exposure alleviate metabolic side-effects of olanzapine treatment and is associated with Langerhans islet proliferation in rats

Introduction: Olanzapine (OLZ) is one of the second-generation antipsychotics drugs (APDs) used to treat several psychiatric illnesses. Olanzapine treatment is often associated with many metabolic side effects in a dose dependent manner such as obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, induction of type II diabetes and acute pancreatitis in some patients. Methods: Hyperbaric Oxygen therapy (HBOT) was investigated as a tool to mitigate olanzapine metabolic side effects in rats. Thirty-six female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 4 groups; rats on olanzapine treatment either exposed to hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOOLZ) or left without exposure (OLZ) then non-treated rats that either exposed to hyperbaric oxygen therapy or left without exposure (control). Rats received Hyperbaric Oxygen therapy for 35 days at 2.4 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 2.5 h daily followed by intraperitoneal injection of olanzapine at 10 mg/kg or placebo. Results: Rats on either hyperbaric oxygen therapy or olanzapine had a significant loss in body weight. Olanzapine treatment showed a decrease in serum insulin level, triglyceride, highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and lipase level but an increase in fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and amylase, while rats’ exposure to hyperbaric oxygen therapy reversed these effects. The Pancreatic Langerhans islets were up-regulated in both hyperbaric oxygen therapy and olanzapine treatments but the combination (HBOOLZ) doubled these islets number. Discussion: This study advocated that hyperbaric oxygen therapy can be an alternative approach to control or reverse many metabolic disorders (MDs) associatedwith olanzapine treatment. In addition, it seems that hyperbaric oxygen therapy positively affect the pancreatic Langerhans cells activity and architecture.