Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for central venous catheter-related thrombosis in hospitalized children: a single-center a retrospective cohort study

Background This study aimed to explore the risk factors of catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in children in Southwest China who underwent central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. Methods An observational cohort study was conducted at a single tertiary center in southwest China between November 2019 and February 2020. All patients who received a CVC were enrolled and Doppler-ultrasound examination was performed weekly until CVC removal. All patients in this study were hospitalized and were observed and followed up in this hospital. Patient demographics, medication, biochemical indexes, catheter maintenance practice, activities after CVC placement data were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the incidence of CRT, and the Cox regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing CRT. Results A total of 594 children were included in the study, and the median indwelling time was 10 days, with the shortest being 1 day and the longest 60 days. The overall incidence of CRT was 26.60% (158/594), the 15-day cumulative incidence rate was 30.81%, and the 45-day cumulative incidence rate was 46.27%. After 45 days, the incidence of CRT further increased. Age <12 months [hazard ratio (HR), 1.654; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.171–2.338], use of 20% mannitol or glycerol fructose (HR, 1.593; 95% CI: 1.058–2.398), CVC placement by a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) doctor (HR, 1.921; 95% CI: 1.347–2.740), placement length ≥9 cm (HR, 1.633; 95% CI: 1.142–2.336), and D-dimer >1.5 mg/L (HR, 1.451; 95% CI: 1.044–2.015) were risk factors for CRT. Limb exercises (HR, 0.660; 95% CI: 0.469–0.929) after placement was a protective factor for CRT. Conclusions The incidence of CRT was higher in children with CVCs, and the key duration of CRT monitoring should be within 15 and 45 days after placement. Patients with age <12 months, using 20% mannitol or glycerol fructose, insertion length ≥9 cm, D-dimer >1.5 mg/L before placement are more likely to happen CVC-CRT than other patient, and it is necessary to be highly vigilant and take preventive measures.
DOG1-Positive Extragastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Presenting As Large Abdomino-Pelvic Mass: A Case Report

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are mesenchymal tumors commonly arising from the GI tract. Only a small number of GIST originating outside the GI tract have been reported in the literature. They are termed extraintestinal GIST (E-GIST), with histological features similar to GIST. These commonly arise from the omentum, mesentery, or abdominal wall. Microscopic examination shows spindle or epitheloid morphology with immunohistochemistry (IHC) positivity for the cluster of differentiation 117, 34 (CD117, CD34), or discovered on GIST-1 (DOG1). This case series describes the presentation of two cases of E-GIST as an abdominopelvic mass with DOG1 positivity and CD117 negativity on IHC. Patient in the first case presented with a giant abdominopelvic mass, clinically arising from the pelvis with a misdiagnosis of midline desmoid tumor. It was completely excised with a histological surprise of E-GIST with DOG1 positivity on IHC. The second case presented a swelling in the groin region, separate from the testis but arising from the anterior abdominal wall, with histological features of E-GIST with DOG1 positivity. The cases reported here show further evidence regarding the existence of a distinct subset of GISTs characterized by extraintestinal localization, with negative immunohistochemical expression of receptor tyrosine kinases (KIT) and positive DOG1 expression, which appears to be rare and makes DOG1 an emerging marker for GIST.
Random-laser dynamics with temporally modulated pump

We present an experimental study of the effects of temporal modulation of the pump intensity on a random laser. The nanosecond pump pulses exhibit rapid intensity fluctuations which differ from pulse to pulse. Specific temporal profiles of the pump pulses produce extraordinarily strong emission from the random laser. This process is deterministic and insensitive to the spatial configuration of the scatterers and spontaneous emission noise.
Chondrule heritage and thermal histories from trace element and oxygen isotope analyses of chondrules and amoeboid olivine aggregates

We report combined oxygen isotope and mineral‐scale trace element analyses of amoeboid olivine aggregates (AOA) and chondrules in ungrouped carbonaceous chondrite, Northwest Africa 5958. The trace element geochemistry of olivine in AOA, for the first time measured by LA‐ICP‐MS, is consistent with a condensation origin, although the shallow slope of its rare earth element (REE) pattern is yet to be physically explained. Ferromagnesian silicates in type I chondrules resemble those in other carbonaceous chondrites both geochemically and isotopically, and we find a correlation between 16O enrichment and many incompatible elements in olivine. The variation in incompatible element concentrations may relate to varying amounts of olivine crystallization during a subisothermal stage of chondrule‐forming events, the duration of which may be anticorrelated with the local solid/gas ratio if this was the determinant of oxygen isotopic ratios as proposed recently. While aqueous alteration has depleted many chondrule mesostases in REE, some chondrules show recognizable subdued group II‐like patterns supporting the idea that the immediate precursors of chondrules were nebular condensates.
“Those lessons learned went right out the window once I was atop the soil where it all happened”: Transformative Learning in a Study Abroad Course

This project investigated the learning process and outcomes of a study abroad course in England and France that focused on dramatic social shifts in the world war eras. Well-established adult learning theories provided the course framework, and this study examines the characteristics and elements contributing to transformative learning. Eleven undergraduate students participated in this descriptive qualitative study. Three themes emerged from the research: students experienced a journey of intense emotion (Theme I) and meaning making (Theme II) sparking profound developmental changes (Theme III). Learning involved the whole body with students referring to visceral sensations stimulated by specific places visited during the course. Subsequent disorientation triggered the transformative learning process. Dialogue, journaling, and follow-up projects led to critical self-reflection whereby students questioned their perspectives and self-concepts. Post-travel focus groups revealed the impact of the course on validation and/or revision of student perspectives which led to informed decisions and actions. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities inherent in transformative learning, especially through place-based and embodied learning practices. Implications include embracing holistic learning, fostering awareness of the learning environment including historical context, developing authentic relationships, and role-modeling critical thought and reflection.
PLANE WAVE SPECTRA IN GRATING THEORY: V. SCATTERING BY A SEMI-INFINITE GRATING OF ISOTROPIC SCATTERERS

Integral relations satisfied by the scattering function for a semi-infinite grating of isotropically scattering elements are obtained by specializing the results of earlier work. It is shown that the scattering function for the grating may be expressed simply in terms of a function f of one complex variable which satisfies a nonlinear integral equation analogous in form to Chandrasekhar's integral equation. The function f is proportional to the scattering function for the first element of the grating; it also satisfies a more simple functional equation for which a solution has been given elsewhere. The relationship between the present work and the recent analysis of Hills and Karp is examined; except for one minor point, general agreement is found. The difference between the scattering functions for an element in the semi-infinite grating and the corresponding element in the infinite grating is investigated, and its order of magnitude as a function of position in the structure is estimated. An explicit so.
Prosodic characteristics in young children with autism spectrum disorder

The prosody of high-functioning adults and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been reported to differ from that of typically developing individuals. The present study investigated whether young children under eight years old with ASD differ in prosodic characteristics compared with neurotypical children matched on expressive language ability. Seven children with ASD (38–93 months) and seven neurotypical children (20–30 months) were recorded during naturalistic interactions with a parent. Naive listeners (n = 18) were recruited to rate utterances for: (i) age, (ii) percentage of intelligible words, (iii) pitch, (iv) speech rate, (v) degree of animation, and (vi) certainty of diagnosis. An acoustic analysis was also conducted of speech rate and fundamental frequency (F0). Results of the rating task showed no statistically significant difference on any measure except estimated age. However, children in the ASD group had a significantly lower mean, maximum, and minimum F0 than children in the.
Temperatures and Timescales of Crystallization in the “Mush Zone” Beneath Fast‐Spreading Ocean Ridges

Quantifying the timescales of magma solidification and eruption beneath mid‐ocean ridges is critical to understanding how melts are emplaced and crystallized, and how long these magmas and their crystals remain in a semi‐molten “mush‐like” state. Here, we present a new method to quantify the crystallization and solidification temperatures of individual gabbros in the lower crust of the Wadi Tayin massif (Samail ophiolite). Cotectic crystallization temperatures of olivine + plagioclase + clinopyroxene are constrained by our clinopyroxene Mg# thermometer, and supported by clinopyroxene‐olivine Fe‐Mg equilibration temperatures. We find that lower crustal gabbros reach the cotectic at approximately 1,160 ± 16°C, and are fully solidified between 781 and 1011°C, depending on cooling rate. Our results show that lower crustal gabbros spend, on average, 7,500–11,500 years in a partially molten state with no systematic change in duration with depth in the crust. Samples with very fast cooling rates result in solidification only a few tens of meters off‐axis from their emplacement location and likely indicate solidification near the distal edge of the on‐axis melt lens or in off‐axis melt lenses. Incorporating a uniform 1 km wide emplacement region directly on‐axis, as inferred geophysically, and a half‐spreading rate of 55 mm/yr, our results suggest that the Mush Zone at fast‐spreading ridges remains partially molten for 0–3 km away from the ridge axis, but up to 4–7 km considering all possible sources of uncertainty. Both geophysical and geochemical estimates of the Mush Zone are inconsistent with conductive cooling of the lower oceanic crust.
Renormalization Group Analysis of October Market Crashes

The self-similar analysis of time series, suggested earlier by the authors, is applied to the description of market crises. The main attention is payed to the October 1929, 1987 and 1997 stock market crises, which can be successfully treated by the suggested approach. The analogy between market crashes and critical phenomena is emphasized.
Molecular and quantitative genetic variation within and between populations of the declining grassland species Saxifraga granulata

Abstract Formerly common plant species are expected to be particularly susceptible to recent habitat fragmentation. We studied the population genetics of 19 recently fragmented Saxifraga granulata populations (max. distance 61 km) in Luxembourg and neighboring Germany using RAPD markers and a common garden experiment. We assessed (1) the relationships between plant fitness, quantitative genetic variation, molecular genetic variation, and population size; and (2) the relative importance of genetic drift and selection in shaping genetic variation. Molecular genetic diversity was high but did not correlate with population size, habitat conditions, or plant performance. Genetic differentiation was low (F ST = 0.079 ± 0.135), and there was no isolation by distance. Longevity, clonality, and the long‐lived seed bank of S. granulata may have prevented strong genetic erosion and genetic differentiation among populations. However, genetic distinctness increased with decreasing genetic diversity indicating that random genetic drift occurred in the studied populations. Quantitative and molecular genetic variations were correlated, and their differentiation (Q ST vs. F ST) among S. granulata populations was similar, suggesting that mainly random processes have shaped the quantitative genetic differentiation among populations. However, pairwise quantitative genetic distances increased with geographic and climatic distances, even when adjusted for molecular genetic distances, indicating diversifying selection. Our results indicate that long‐lived clonal species may be buffered at least temporarily against the negative effects of fragmentation. The relationship between quantitative genetic and geographic distance may be a more sensitive indicator of selection than Q ST–F ST differences.
String order and adiabatic continuity of Haldane chains and band insulators

The ground state of spin-1 Haldane chains is characterized by the so-called string order. We show that the same hidden order is also present in ordinary one-dimensional band insulators. We construct a family of Hamiltonians which connect adiabatically band insulators to two topologically nonequivalent spin models, the Haldane chain and the antiferromagnetic spin-$1∕2$ ladder. We observe that the localized spin-$1∕2$ edge-state characteristic of spin-1 chains is smoothly connected to a surface-bound state of band insulators and its emergence is not related to any bulk phase transition. Furthermore, we show that the string order is absent in any dimensions higher than 1.
First interferometric study of enhanced N-fractionation in N2H+: the high-mass star-forming region IRAS 05358+3543

Nitrogen (N) fractionation is used as a tool to search for a link between the chemical history of the Solar System and star-forming regions. A large variation of $^{14}$N/$^{15}$N is observed towards different astrophysical sources, and current chemical models cannot reproduce it. With the advent of high angular resolution radiotelescopes it is now possible to search for N-fractionation at core scales. We present IRAM NOEMA observations of the J=1-0 transition of N$_{2}$H$^{+}$, $^{15}$NNH$^{+}$ and N$^{15}$NNH$^{+}$ towards the high-mass protocluster IRAS 05358+3543. We find $^{14}$N/$^{15}$N ratios that span from $\sim$100 up to $\sim$220 and these values are lower or equal than those observed with single-dish observations towards the same source. Since N-fractionation changes across the studied region, this means that it is regulated by local environmental effects. We find also the possibility, for one of the four cores defined in the protocluster, to have a more abundant $^{15}$NNH$^{+}$ with respect to N$^{15}$NNH$^{+}$. This is another indication that current chemical models may be missing chemical reactions or may not take into account other mechanisms, like photodissociation or grain surface chemistry, that could be important.
Theoretical Analysis of Transfer Lengths in Pretensioned Prestressed Concrete Members

The realistic design of pretensioned prestressed concrete members requires adequate determination of transfer length for prestress forces. The purpose of the present paper is to propose a rational theory, which can evaluate the transfer lengths realistically for arbitrary designed pretensioned members. The theory considers the prestressing steel as a solid cylinder and the surrounding concrete as a hollow cylinder. The compatibility condition is then imposed at the steel—concrete interface with an appropriate equilibrium equation. The possible cracking of surrounding concrete in a radial direction due to expansive pressure after prestress transfer has been considered by employing an appropriate tensile stress—crack width relation. The equilibrium equations are solved for each successive segment in longitudinal direction and the strain buildup curves from the end of pretensioned members are obtained, which provides the basis for the determination of transfer length. Comprehensive tests were conducted to measure the transfer lengths for various design variables, including the concrete strength, strand diameter, cover thickness, and strand spacing. The measured values of transfer lengths were compared with the calculated ones and the comparison indicates that the theoretical prediction exhibits good correlation with test data. The proposed theory allows more realistic prediction of transfer lengths for rational design of actual pretensioned prestressed concrete members.
X-Ray Lighthouses of the High-Redshift Universe. II. Further Snapshot Observations of the Most Luminous z≳4 Quasars with Chandra

We report on Chandra observations of a sample of 11 optically luminous (MB < -28.5) quasars at z = 3.96–4.55 selected from the Palomar Digital Sky Survey and the Automatic Plate Measuring Facility Survey. These are among the most luminous z ≳ 4 quasars known and hence represent ideal witnesses of the end of the "dark age. " Nine quasars are detected by Chandra, with ≈2–57 counts in the observed 0.5–8 keV band. These detections increase the number of X-ray-detected AGNs at z ≳ 4 to ≈90; overall, Chandra has detected ≈85% of the high-redshift quasars observed with snapshot (few kilosecond) observations. PSS 1506+5220, one of the two X-ray-undetected quasars, displays a number of notable features in its rest-frame ultraviolet spectrum, the most prominent being broad, deep Si IV and C IV absorption lines. The average optical-to-X-ray spectral index for the present sample (⟨αox⟩ = -1.88 ± 0.05) is steeper than that typically found for z ≳ 4 quasars but consistent with the expected value from the known dependence of this spectral index on quasar luminosity. We present joint X-ray spectral fitting for a sample of 48 radio-quiet quasars in the redshift range 3.99–6.28 for which Chandra observations are available. The X-ray spectrum (≈870 counts) is well parameterized by a power law with Γ = 1.93 in the rest-frame ≈2–40 keV band, and a tight upper limit of NH ≈ 5 × 1021 cm-2 is obtained on any average intrinsic X-ray absorption. There is no indication of any significant evolution in the X-ray properties of quasars between redshifts 0 and 6, suggesting that the physical processes of accretion onto massive black holes have not changed over the bulk of cosmic time.
Photoassociation spectroscopy of cold calcium atoms

Photoassociation spectroscopy experiments on {sup 40}Ca atoms close to the dissociation limit 4s4s{sup 1}S{sub 0}-4s4p{sup 1}P{sub 1} are presented. The vibronic spectrum was measured for detunings of the photoassociation laser ranging from 0.6 to 68 GHz with respect to the atomic resonance. In contrast to previous measurements, the rotational splitting of the vibrational lines was fully resolved. Full quantum-mechanical numerical simulations of the photoassociation spectrum were performed which allowed us to put constraints on the possible range of the calcium scattering length between 50a{sub 0} and 300a{sub 0}.
Metal abundances and ionization conditions in a possibly dust-free damped Ly-alpha system at z=2.3

We have obtained a high resolution, high S/N UVES spectrum of the bright QSO HE2243-6031 to analyze the damped Ly-alpha system (DLA) observed at z=2.33. The metallicity of this system is 1/12 solar at a neutral hydrogen column density of log N(HI)=20.7. From the observed ratios [Zn/Cr]=-0.01+/-0.05 and [S/Si]=-0.06+/-0.03$ we conclude that dust is very likely absent from the ISM of this protogalaxy. We observe an enhancement of the alpha/Fe-peak ratios of +0.2 dex for various elements, a marked odd-even effect in Mn, and a strong underabundance of N relative to Si and S, [N/Si,S]=-1 at [Si/H]=-0.86. All of these ratios support an environment that is in an early evolutionary stage, where the onset of star formation has begun only shortly before the DLA was observed. We also perform a cloud-by-cloud analysis -- without precedent at high redshift -- and find a tight correlation of all low-ionization species with respect to FeII extending over 2.5 orders of magnitude in N(FeII). We interpret this trend as being due to homogeneous physical conditions (very mild ionization effects, common dust-destruction histories, same chemical composition) and propose that this line of sight encounters absorbing clouds that share a common environment. In addition, photoionization models show that these single clouds are shielded from the external ionizing radiation, so the fraction of ionized gas is small and, except for argon, does not influence the measured metal abundances. The observed AlIII/low-ion ratios suggest the mildly ionized gas occurs in shells surrounding neutral cores of AlII.
Janis-Newman-Winicour and Wyman solutions are the same

We show that the well-known most general static and spherically symmetric exact solution to the Einstein-massless scalar equations given by Wyman is the same as one found by Janis, Newman and Winicour several years ago. We obtain the energy associated with this space–time and find that the total energy for the case of the purely scalar field is zero.
Deep Learning Approach For Objects Detection in Underwater Pipeline Images

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present automatic, deep-learning methods for pipeline detection in underwater environments. Seafloor pipelines are critical infrastructure for oil and gas transport. The inspection of those pipelines is required to verify their integrity and determine the need for maintenance. Underwater conditions present a harsh environment that is challenging for image recognition due to light refraction and absorption, poor visibility, scattering, and attenuation, often causing poor image quality. Modern machine-learning object detectors utilize Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), requiring a training dataset of sufficient quality. In the paper, six different deep-learning CNN detectors for underwater object detection were trained and tested: five are based on the You Only Look Once (YOLO) architectures (YOLOv4, YOLOv4-Tiny, CSP-YOLOv4, YOLOv4@Resnet, YOLOv4@DenseNet), and one on the Faster Region-based CNN (RCNN) architecture. The models’ performances were evaluated in terms of detection accuracy, mean average precision (mAP), and processing speed measured with the Frames Per Second (FPS) on a custom dataset containing underwater pipeline images. In the study, the YOLOv4 outperformed other models for underwater pipeline object detection resulting in an mAP of 94.21% with the ability to detect objects in real-time. Based on the literature review, this is one of the pioneering works in this field.
CMB bounds on tensor-scalar-scalar inflationary correlations

The nonlinear interaction between one graviton and two scalars is enhanced in specific inflationary models, potentially leading to distinguishable signatures in the bispectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. We develop the tools to examine such bispectrum signatures, and show a first application using WMAP temperature data. We consider several ℓ-ranges, estimating the gtss amplitude parameter, by means of the so-called separable modal methodology. We do not find any evidence of a tensor-scalar-scalar signal at any scale. Our tightest bound on the size of the tensor-scalar-scalar correlator is derived from our measurement including all the multipoles in the range 2 ⩽ ℓ ⩽ 500 and it reads gtss = −48 ± 28 (68%CL). This is the first direct observational constraint on the primordial tensor-scalar-scalar correlation, and it will be cross-checked and improved by applying the same pipeline to high-resolution temperature and polarization data from Planck and forthcoming CMB experiments.