Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiple Costimulatory Modalities Enhance

Recent studies in both animal models and clinical trials have demonstrated that the avidity of T cells is a major determinant of antitumor and antiviral immunity. In this study, we evaluated several different vaccine strategies for their ability to enhance both the quantity and avidity of CTL responses. CD8 (cid:1) T cell quantity was measured by tetramer binding precursor frequency, and avidity was measured by both tetramer dissociation and quantitative cytolytic function. We have evaluated a peptide, a viral vector expressing the Ag transgene alone, with one costimulatory molecule (B7-1), and with three costimulatory molecules (B7-1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3), with anti-CTLA-4 mAb, with GM-CSF, and combinations of the above. We have evaluated these strategies in both a foreign Ag model using (cid:2) -galactosidase as immunogen, and in a “self” Ag model, using carcinoembryonic Ag as immunogen in carcinoembryonic Ag transgenic mice. The combined use of several of these strategies was shown to enhance not only the quantity, but, to a greater magnitude, the avidity of T cells generated; a combination strategy is also shown to enhance antitumor effects. The results reported in this study thus demonstrate multiple strategies that can be used in both antitumor and antiviral vaccine settings to generate higher avidity host T cell responses. The Journal of Immunology, 2005, 174: 5994–6004. of CEA-speciﬁc CTL CEA-Tg splenocytes pooled single-cell CEA (cid:3) g/ml). bulk lymphocytes centrifugation the lymphocytes cells/well) In-labeled cells at a constant E:T ratio (80:1) in the of diminishing con- centrations of peptide (10–0 (cid:3) m) for 5 h (96-well U-bottom plates), in supernatants using a gamma-counter (Corba Autogamma; Packard Instruments). In a separate plate, lymphocytes and target cells (E:T 80:1) were coincubated with control peptides: OVA for the (cid:1) -gal peptide and vesticular stomatitis virus nucleoprotein for the CEA peptide. The of tumor lysis was calculated as follows: percent subtracted appropriate Ag The data were and graphed percent
Flavor symmetry and the spin of the proton

The analysis of the EMC result on the quark contribution to the spin of the proton has been challenged because of the use of SU(3) symmetry is shown not to be needed to obtain peculiar results about these quark contributions. The analysis without assuming flavor symmetry allows the quark contribution to the proton spin to be large, but only if it is due to the strange quarks, with the nonstrange quark contribution opposite to the spin of the proton. Recent data from the European Muon Collaboration have been interpreted to suggest that the spin of the proton does not come from the quarks but from the some other source. This interpretation has been questioned, both because of the errors in extrapolating to x = O and because of the use of flavor SU(3) symmetry to relate spin distributions within the proton to weak semileptonic axial vector decays of hyperons. We consider here the use of flavor symmetry. 3 refs.
The Food Matrix of Spinach Is a Limiting Factor in Determining the Bioavailability of (cid:98) -Carotene and to a Lesser Extent of Lutein in Humans 1,2

Carotenoid bioavailability depends, amongst other factors, on the food matrix and on the type and extent of processing. To examine the effect of variously processed spinach products and of dietary ﬁber on serum carotenoid concentrations, subjects received, over a 3-wk period, a control diet ( n (cid:53) 10) or a control diet supplemented with carotenoids or one of four spinach products ( n (cid:53) 12 per group): whole leaf spinach with an almost intact food matrix, minced spinach with the matrix partially disrupted, enzymatically liqueﬁed spinach in which the matrix was further disrupted and the liqueﬁed spinach to which dietary ﬁber (10 g/kg wet weight) was added. Consumption of spinach signiﬁcantly increased serum concentrations of all- trans - (cid:98) –carotene, cis - (cid:98) – carotene, (and consequently total (cid:98) -carotene), lutein, (cid:97) -carotene and retinol and decreased the serum concentration of lycopene. Serum total (cid:98) -carotene responses (changes in serum concentrations from the start to the end of the intervention period) differed signiﬁcantly between the whole leaf and liqueﬁed spinach groups and between the minced and liqueﬁed spinach groups. The lutein response did not differ among spinach groups. Addition of dietary ﬁber to the liqueﬁed spinach had no effect on serum carotenoid responses. The relative bioavailability as compared to bioavailability of the carotenoid supplement for whole leaf, minced, liqueﬁed and liqueﬁed spinach plus added dietary ﬁber for (cid:98) -carotene was 5.1, 6.4, 9.5 and 9.3%, respectively, and for lutein 45, 52, 55 and 54%, respectively. We conclude that the bioavailability of lutein from spinach was higher than that of (cid:98) -carotene and that enzymatic disruption of the matrix (cell wall structure) enhanced the bioavailability of (cid:98) -carotene from whole leaf and minced spinach, but had no effect on lutein bioavailability. J. Nutr. 129: 349–355, 1999.
Protective Ventilation Inﬂuences Systemic Inﬂammation after Esophagectomy A Randomized Controlled Study

Background: Esophagectomy induces a systemic inﬂammatory response whose extent has been recognized as a predictive factor of postoperative respiratory morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a protective ventilatory strategy to reduce systemic inﬂammation in patients undergoing esophagectomy. Methods: The authors prospectively investigated 52 patients undergoing planned esophagectomy for cancer. Patients were randomly assigned to a conventional ventilation strategy (n (cid:1) 26; tidal volume of 9 ml/kg during two-lung and one-lung ventilation; no positive end-expiratory pressure) or a protective ventilation strategy (n (cid:1) 26; tidal volume of 9 ml/kg during two-lung ventilation, reduced to 5 ml/kg during one-lung ventilation; positive end-expiratory pressure 5 cm H 2 O throughout the operative time). Results: Plasmatic levels of interleukin (IL)-1 (cid:2) , IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (cid:3) were measured perioperatively and postoperatively. Pulmonary function and postoperative evolution were also evaluated. Patients who received protective strategy had lower blood levels of IL-1 (cid:2) , IL-6, and IL-8 at the end of one-lung ventilation (0.24 [0.15–0.40] vs. 0.56 [0.38–0.89] pg/ml, P < 0.001; 91 [61–117] vs. 189 [127–294] pg/ml, P < 0.001; and 30 [22–45] vs. 49 [29–69] pg/ml, P < 0.05, respectively) and 18 h postoperatively (0.18 [0.13–0.30] vs. 0.43 [0.34–0.54] pg/ml, P < 0.001; 54 [36–89] vs. 116 [78–208] pg/ml, P < 0.001; 16 [11–24] vs. 35 [28–53] pg/ml, P < 0.001, respectively). Protective strategy resulted in higher oxygen partial pressure to inspired oxygen fraction ratio during one-lung ventilation and 1 h postoperatively and in a reduction of postoperative mechanical ventilation duration (115 (cid:4) 38 vs. 171 (cid:4) 57 min, P < 0.001). Conclusion: A protective ventilatory strategy decreases the proinﬂammatory systemic response after esophagectomy, im-proves lung function, and results in earlier extubation.
Bureaucratic inﬂuence when secretariats grow: The example of the UNFCCC

In this paper, we study the effect of an exogenous increase in financial resources on the activities, the political influence and the autonomy of staff in a typical international bureaucracy. Using document analysis, interviews and regression analysis, we show that in such a situation, at least in areas that require technical expertise and that are politically not overly contentious, staff can gain substantial influence over concrete policy decisions and even change the structure of decision making and consultation processes. We also show that this may reinforce rather than reduce the role of special interests expressed via country delegations in political decision making committees. While one might be worried about the erosion of democratic principles at the international level, from a normative perspective, the overall effect is difficult to assess. If the international civil service is well trained, technically competent, and committed to the delivery of the global public good, its increasing autonomy and influence may also be socially advantageous.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Detection of cross-correlation between gravitational lensing and gamma rays

In recent years, many γ -ray sources have been identiﬁed, yet the unresolved component hosts valuable information on the faintest emission. In order to extract it, a cross-correlation with gravitational tracers of matter in the Universe has been shown to be a promising tool. We report here the ﬁrst identiﬁcation of a cross-correlation signal between γ rays and the distribution of mass in the Universe probed by weak gravitational lensing. We use the Dark Energy Survey Y1 weak lensing catalogue and the Fermi Large Area Telescope 9-year γ -ray data, obtaining a signal-to-noise ratio of 5.3. The signal is mostly localised at small angular scales and high γ -ray energies, with a hint of correlation at extended separation. Blazar emission is likely the origin of the small-scale eﬀect. We investigate implications of the large-scale component in terms of astrophysical sources and particle dark matter emission.
Particle subgrid scale modelling in large-eddy simulations of particle-laden turbulence

This study is concerned with particle subgrid scale (SGS) modelling in large-eddy simulations (LESs) of particle-laden turbulence. Although many particle-laden LES studies have neglected the effect of the SGS on the particles, several particle SGS models have been proposed in the literature. In this research, the approximate deconvolution method (ADM) and the stochastic models of Fukagata et al. (Dynamics of Brownian particles in a turbulent channel flow, Heat Mass Transf. 40 (2004), 715–726) Shotorban and Mashayek (A stochastic model for particle motion in large-eddy simulation, J. Turbul. 7 (2006), 1–13) and Berrouk et al. (Stochastic modelling of inertial particle dispersion by subgrid motion for LES of high Reynolds number pipe flow, J. Turbul. 8 (2007), pp. 1–20) are analysed. The particle SGS models are assessed using both a priori and a posteriori simulations of inertial particles in a periodic box of decaying, homogeneous and isotropic turbulence with an initial Reynolds number of Reλ = 74. The model results are compared with particle statistics from a direct numerical simulation (DNS). Particles with a large range of Stokes numbers are tested using various filter sizes and stochastic model constant values. Simulations with and without gravity are performed to evaluate the ability of the models to account for the crossing trajectory and continuity effects. The results show that ADM improves results but is only capable of recovering a portion of the SGS turbulent kinetic energy. Conversely, the stochastic models are able to recover sufficient SGS energy, but show a large range of results dependent on the Stokes number and filter size. The stochastic models generally perform best at small Stokes numbers, but are unable to predict preferential concentration.
Inventory Management Under Power Structures With Consignment Contract Subject to Inventory Inaccuracy

This paper focuses on who should control the inventory and who should lead the supply chain under consignment contract. The supply chain consists of one supplier and one retailer, and inventory inaccuracy occurs on the retailer's side. Vendor-managed inventory (VMI) and retailer-managed inventory (RMI) models are analyzed in two different supply chain power structures: where the supplier is the Stackelberg leader (referred as SVMI and SRMI) and where the retailer is the Stackelberg leader (referred as RVMI and RRMI). The inventory availability and the channel cost sharing rate are examined to investigate the impact of these two factors on supply chain performance under four cases. It is important to find that whatever the values of the inventory availability and the channel cost sharing rate may be, the retailer always prefers SVMI. However, there is a threshold value of inventory availability (channel cost sharing rate) such that the supplier prefers SVMI only if the inventory availability (channel cost sharing rate) is larger (less) than the threshold value; and it prefers RRMI only if the inventory availability (channel cost sharing rate) is less (larger) than the threshold value. Therefore, both leading retailer and leading supplier have the incentive to act as the follower.
Identiﬁcation of an Allosteric Small-Molecule Inhibitor Selective for the Inducible Form of Heat Shock Protein 70

Matthew K. Howe,1,6 Khaldon Bodoor,3,6 David A. Carlson,1 Philip F. Hughes,1 Yazan Alwarawrah,1 David R. Loiselle,1 Alex M. Jaeger,1 David B. Darr,4 Jamie L. Jordan,4 Lucas M. Hunter,4 Eileen T. Molzberger,2 Theodore A. Gobillot,5 Dennis J. Thiele,1,2 Jeffrey L. Brodsky,5 Neil L. Spector,1 and Timothy A.J. Haystead1,* 1Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology 2Department of Biochemistry Duke University School of MedicineDurham, NC 27710, USA 3Department of Applied Biology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan 4Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA 5Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA 6Co-first author *Correspondence: timothy.haystead@dm.duke. edu http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.chembiol. 2014.10. 016
Effects of monochromatic light on the growth of Oedogonium species for biofuel production

Effects of red and blue colour of monochromatic lights at intensities of 500 lux, 1000 lux, 1500 lux and 2000 lux on the growth of Oedogonium sp. The cell growth was monitored by measuring the optical density (absorbance) at 680 nm using a Digital Spectrophotometer. GC-MS analysis was also carried out for extraction of Oedogonium sp . The results showed maximum values for absorbance 0.378 Au and 0.364 Au for blue and red light respectively at 2000 lux. While minimum values of 0.237 Au and 0.249 Au were obtained at intensity of 500 lux for blue light and red light respectively. The pigment concentration showed a consistent daily increase, with a maximum pigment concentration of chlorophyll a 4.31 mg/L and chlorophyll b 7.36 mg/L for blue light and chlorophyll a 4.15 mg/L and chlorophyll b 7.09 mg/L for red light at 2000 lux. Result for GC-MS analysis produced 12 volatile components; 10 hydrocarbons and 2 acids, which implies that the major content of the algal oil are hydrocarbons. The presence of large number of hydrocarbons in the extract suggests that the algae sample is a potential source of biofuels. In effect, achieving optimum photosynthetic efficiency is necessary for industrial application of Oedogonium sp.
Running head: SHELF LIFE OF DONKEY MILK Shelf life of donkey milk subjected to different treatment and storage conditions

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different treatment conditions on the hygiene 34 microbiological indicators of donkey milk and their evolution during shelf life at 4 and 12°C from a 35 minimum of 3 to a maximum of 30 days simulating a farm-scale pasteurization and packing system. 36 Four treatment conditions were tested, respectively no treatment (raw milk), pasteurization (65°x30’), 37 high pressure processing (HPP), and pasteurization plus HPP. 38 The microbiological quality of the raw donkey milk investigated was not optimal: our results 39 highlight the importance of raw milk management with the need for animal hygiene management and 40 good dairy farming practices on donkey farms to improve handling procedures. The raw milk treated 41 directly with HPP showed visible alterations with flocks making the milk unfit for sale. The microbiological risk posed by raw donkey milk consumption is significant reduced by heat treatment 43 but farm-scale packing system cannot guarantee an extended shelf life whereas the pasteurization 44 plus HPP treatment resulted the most effective method to maintain the microbiological milk quality. 45 Microflora growth seems to have few influence on pH in donkey milk: pH values were significant 46 different only between raw milk versus both pasteurized and pasteurized plus HPP milk stored at 47 12°C at day 3. Alkaline phosphatase activity and furosine could be used as indicators of proper 48 pasteurization and for thermal processing in donkey milk. Moreover, the presence and growth of B. 49 cereus in the case of thermal abuse hamper the widescale marketing of donkey milk due to the 50 potential consequences for sensitive consumers and therefore further tests with time/temperature/high 51 pressure protocols associated with B. cereus are needed. Finally, our study shows that a HPP 52 treatment of pasteurized milk after packing extends the shelf life of the produce and assures its 53 microbial criteria up to 30 days if properly stored at 4°C until opening , therefore combined heat 54 treatment and storage strategies are suggested to enhance the shelf life of donkey milk.
Kidney Transplantation Long-Term Management Challenges Managing Patients with Failing Kidney Allograft

Patientswho receive a kidney transplant commonly experience failure of their allograft. Transplant failure often comes with complex management decisions, such as when and how to wean immunosuppression and start the transitiontoasecondtransplantortodialysis.Thesedecisionsaremadeinthecontextofimportantconcernsaboutcompetingrisks,includingsensitizationandinfection.Unfortunately,themanagementofthefailedallograftis,atpresent,guidedbyrelativelypoor-qualitydataand,asaresult,practicepatternsarevariableandsuboptimalgiven thatpatientswithfailedallograftsexperienceexcessmorbidityandmortalitycomparedwiththeirtransplant-naive counterparts. In this review, we summarize the management strategies through the often-precarious transition fromtransplanttodialysis,highlightingthepaucityofdataandthecriticalgapsinourknowledgethatarenecessary to inform the optimal care of the patient with a failing kidney transplant.
Newer Intraocular Pressure Measurement Techniques Newer Intraocular Pressure Measurement Techniques

An elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) has been shown to be one of the major risk factors for glaucoma. It is of utmost importance to obtain accurate and precise IOP when dealing with patients with ocular hypertension and glaucoma, especially patients who have undergone ocular surgery. Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) was first introduced in the 1950s and is still currently considered as the gold standard to measure IOP. Although the reproducibility of GAT has shown to be quite good, its accuracy provides several limitations. In particular, IOP measurements taken with GAT have been demonstrated to be influenced by many corneal parameters, including central thickness, curvature, astigmatism and biomechanics. Other disadvantages of GAT include the need for local anesthetic drops, for fluorescein and for a slitlamp. Several different methods have been proposed to overcome the disadvantages found in GAT. The newer devices used as alternative tonometric methods include the iCare rebound tonometer, the BioResonator applanation resonance tonometer, the Pascal dynamic contour tonometer, the ocular response analyzer, the Corvis ST pachy-tonometer and Ocuton S. The precision and accuracy of these alternative tonometric methods in comparison with GAT have been reported and discussed. is taken in a comfortable sitting position and with the iCare PRO also in the supine position; the rapid measurement enables monitoring in noncompliant subjects. The probes are disposable, and thus, the risk of microbiological contaminations is avoided.
ROLE OF THE MONOCLONAL κ CHAIN V DOMAIN AND REVERSIBILITY OF RENAL DAMAGE IN A TRANSGENIC MODEL OF ACQUIRED FANCONI’S SYNDROME

Acquired Fanconi’s syndrome (FS) is a complication of monoclonal gammopathies featuring a generalized dysfunction of the proximal tubule of the kidney, due to the storage within proximal tubular cells of a monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain. We engineered transgenic mice in which the endogenous mouse J κ cluster was replaced by a human V κ J κ rearranged gene cloned from a patient with smoldering myeloma-associated FS . The V region belonged to the V κ I subgroup and was related to the O2-O12 germline gene, a V segment previously found associated with FS and light chain crystallization in several myeloma patients. Association of the human V κ I domain with a mouse κ constant domain in transgenic animals yielded a nephrotoxicity pattern similar to that observed in patients, strongly suggesting that the whole pathogenic effect of FS light chains can be ascribed to a peculiar structure of the V domain. Morphological alterations of the kidney tubular cells, which contained rhomboid-shape crystals, were observed in mice, together with alterations of the proximal tubule reabsorption function. Moreover, the number of renal crystalline inclusions was dramatically reduced after conditional deletion of the human V κ I transgene, showing that proximal tubular lesions are reversible upon suppression of the nephrotoxic light chain secretion. of V exon LCs,
Exploring the Trust Inﬂuencing Mechanism of Robo-Advisor Service: A Mixed Method Approach

: As a typical application of ﬁntech, the robo-advisor has increasingly gained attention over the last decade. However, most research regarding the robo-advisor has focused on its development issues such as performance improvement and regulation, while limited research has paid attention to trust. This research extends the literature by investigating the trust inﬂuencing mechanism of robo-advisors by a mixed method approach. Speciﬁcally, we identiﬁed six salient trust inﬂuencing factors by qualitative interviews and proposed the research model based on trust transfer theory. This model was tested via a survey of 230 investors. Our study ﬁnds the signiﬁcant inﬂuencing role of supervisory control and validates the relationships among trust inﬂuencing factors, trust in technologies, trust in vendor and trust in robo-advisor. Moreover, several di ﬀ erences between junior investors and senior investors are also found in our research. This study examines trust transfer theory in the new context of the robo-advisor and contributes to further development of this increasingly utilized service.
DIABETES AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE-A REVIEW

periodontal disease leads to poor glycemic control. It was hence predicted that there exists a two-way relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. The regular use of Dental Air Force home dental cleaning system as an oral hygiene device is optimal for suppressing both periodontal infection and associated systemic diseases (Diabetes) as compared to conventional tooth brushing.
Orientation-dependent potential barriers in case of epitaxial Pt–BiFeO3–SrRuO3 capacitors

The leakage current in epitaxial BiFeO3 capacitors with bottom SrRuO3 and top Pt electrodes, grown by pulsed laser deposition on SrTiO3 (100), SrTiO3 (110), and SrTiO3 (111) substrates, is investigated by current-voltage (I-V) measurements in the 100–300 K temperature range. It is found that the leakage current is interface-limited and strongly dependent on the orientation of the substrate. The potential barriers at the electrode interfaces are estimated to about 0.6, 0.77, and 0.93 eV for the (100), (110), and (111) orientations, respectively.