Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling gamma radiation dose in dwellings due to building materials.

A model is presented that calculates the absorbed dose rate in air of gamma radiation emitted by building materials in a rectangular body construction. The basis for these calculations is formed by a fixed set of specific absorbed dose rates (the dose rate per Bq kg -1 238 U, 232 Th, and 40 K), as determined for a standard geometry with the dimensions 4 x 5 x 2.8 m 3 . Using the computer codes Marmer and Micro-Shield, correction factors are assessed that quantify the influence of several room and material related parameters on the specific absorbed dose rates. The investigated parameters are the position in the construction; the thickness, density, and dimensions of the construction parts; the contribution from the outer leave; the presence of doors and windows; the attenuation by internal partition walls; the contribution from building materials present in adjacent rooms; and the effect of non-equilibrium due to 222 Rn exhalation. To verify the precision, the proposed method is applied to three Dutch reference dwellings, i.e., a row house, a coupled house, and a gallery apartment. The averaged difference with MCNP calculations is found to be 4%.
Study on Vulcanization and Thermal Decomposition Behaviors of Methyl Vinyl Silicone Rubber/Polyurethane Rubber Blends

The vulcanizing properties and thermal decomposition of methyl vinyl silicone rubber/ polyurethane rubber blends were studied. The results of vulcanization show that with the addition of polyurethane rubber, the viscosity, cross-linking density, activation energy and vulcanization rate of the blends decreased while the scorch behavior was not significantly changed. For the decomposition behavior, the maximum thermal decomposition rate of the blends was increased with increasing content of polyurethane rubber; however, the thermal stability of the blends was decreased. Analysis of the thermal decomposition kinetics shows that the activation energy of the blends gradually decreased.
Evolution of atmospheric aerosol particles during a pollution accumulation process: a case study

The characteristics of fine aerosol particles were investigated at an urban site in Beijing during an atmospheric pollution accumulation process. The organics, sulfate and BC were the dominant components in fine particles in the clear air, and the concentrations of organics, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium increased during the haze formation. The mass concentrations of primary species (chloride and BC) in the clear air were similar to those in the haze. The morphology, mixing state and aging status of fine particles in the clear air were different from those in the haze. Accumulation secondary particles were detected with high frequency and accumulation secondary particles with coating were rare in all the samples. The frequency of soot particles with coating in the clear air was lower than that in the haze. The number ratio of accumulation secondary particles to soot containing particles changed from 3:1 in clear air to 2:3 in the haze. These results indicated that the number frequency of accumulation seco.
Structural stability and natural 13C abundance of humic acids in buried volcanic ash soils

Abstract To examine the relationships between soil age and the structural stability and natural 13C abundance (δ13C) of humic acids, buried humic layers in volcanic ash soil profiles near Mt Fuji, Japan, namely Yubunebara (present to 10,000 years before present (ybp); n = 5) and Ashitaka-Onoue (<1,000–30,000 ybp; n = 6), were analyzed. The contents and δ13C values of the fulvic acids (humic substances) and non-humic substances in the fulvic acid fractions were also determined. The degree of humification of the humic acids differed remarkably between the surface and buried layers, and the A 600/C value (absorbance at 600 nm mg−1 C mL−1 of humic acids in 0.1 mol L−1 NaOH) increased toward the older buried layers. The proportion of aromatic C in total C of the humic acids, estimated using cross polarization/magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, also increased, whereas the proportions of alkyl and O-alkyl C decreased from the surface toward the older layers. These observations suggested higher stability in the aromatic than aliphatic components and the contribution of aromatic C to the increase in the A 600/C value. The composition of the C functional groups did not vary appreciably among layers older than 10,000 ybp. The δ13C value of bulk soil organic matter (SOM) fluctuated in both profiles, suggesting that the proportions of C3 and C4 plants grown when each layer was the surface layer differed among the layers. Although, in general, variation in the δ13C value of each humus fraction corresponded to that of bulk SOM, there were significant differences in the δ13C value between the humus fractions and bulk SOM, and the differences were more conspicuous in the younger layers and less conspicuous in the older layers. A negative correlation (with an exception) was also observed between the difference in the δ13C values of humic acids from that of bulk SOM and the relative content of aromatic C in the humic acids. Possible causes of the differences and changes in the δ13C values are discussed.
DEVELOPMENTAL LOW-DOSE EXPOSURE TO BISPHENOL A ALTERS ADIPOCYTE CELL DENSITY AND INDUCES HYPERLIPIDEMIA IN FISCHER 344 RATS

ABSTRACTBackground: Developmental exposure to endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), such as Bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to affect the health during early stages in life. Aim: To assess whether developmental low-dose exposure to BPA alters adipocyte distribution and blood lipid levels in Fischer 344 (F344) rats. Method: Pregnant F344 rats were exposed to BPA via their drinking water from gestational day 3.5 throughout lactation. Doses given were one below the current European Food Safety Authority´s preliminary tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 4 µg BPA/kg bw/day, 0.5 [lower dose, Ld] and one equal to the previous TDI; 50 [higher dose, Hd] µg BPA/kg bw/day. Half the offspring was sacrificed at 5, and half at 52 weeks of age. Body weight was registered, and plasma lipid levels were analyzed. Inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) was weighed, Oil red O-stained and analyzed histologically. Results: Five-week-old Ld males and females Hd exhibited significantly higher triglyceride levels (31%, p<0.01; 41%,p<0.05, respectively) compared to control. Total cholesterol was borderline significantly increased (9%, p=0.0554) in 5-week-old Ld males, compared with control. Adipocyte cell density in the 5-week-old offspring was significantly increased; Ld female rats had increased cell density compared to control and Hd (22% and 23%,p<0.05, respectively), whereas the cell density of Hd males increased compared to Ld (29%, p<0.05). In the 52-week-old offspring blood lipid levels and iWAT cell density were not significantly affected. Conclusions: Results of the present study supports that developmental low-dose BPA exposure contributes to elevated triglyceride levels in 5-week-old animals.
Secoiridoid Sulfonates from the Sulfiting‐Processed Buds of Lonicera japonica

The new secoiridoid sulfonates 1–3 were isolated from the 50% EtOH/H2O extract of the sulfiting-processed Lonicera japonica Flos (LJF) by semi-prep. HPLC, and their structures were identified on the basis of mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. HPLC and LC-DAD-MS/MS analyses of the different samples of LJF obtained by various process techniques suggested that the sulfur fumigation led to the decrease of secologanic acid (4) and the formation of secologanic acid-derived sulfonate 1 and its derivatives 2, 2a, and 3 in the crude materials, which revealed that sulfur fumigation, the traditional process technique, could alter the phytochemical profiles of some Chinese herbal medicines.
Volatile Constituents of the Essential Oil of Ruta chalepensis L. subsp. Angustifolia (Pers.) P. Cout.

Abstract The water distilled essential oil from aerial parts of Ruta chelepensis subsp. angustifolia (Pers.) P. Cout was investigated by GC and GC/MS techniques for the first time. The oil yield was 0.27%. It was characterized by a large amount of ketones (57.0%), with 2-undecanone (28.2%), 2-nonanone (20.0%), 2-methyloctyl acetate (12.7%) and 2-methyldecyl acetate (5.8%) being the major constituents found. A comparison with oils from Ruta species from different countries reported in literature shows a similarity in main compound with most species of these plants.
O2, Ar, N2, and 222Rn in surface waters of the subarctic Ocean: Net biological O2 production

Distributions of oxygen, argon, nitrogen, and radon in the upper ocean of the subarctic Pacific distinguish the fluxes controlling the oxygen mass balance during the summers of 1987 and 1988. The difference between the net O2 flux (in mmol m−2 d−1) to the atmosphere via gas exchange (32) and the integrated decrease with time (−14) is balanced by biological production (13-17), air injection by bubble entrainment (5), and O2 flux to the thermocline −(0-4). Nitrogen/argon and oxygen/argon ratios reveal that ˜15% of the oxygen supersaturation in summer is produced by air injection and ˜40% by biological production, with the rest induced by surface water warming. Our estimate of biologically induced oxygen production when translated stoichiometrically to nitrogen uptake agrees to within error estimates with both the particulate and dissolved nitrogen mass balances for the upper ocean determined in the SUPER program during the same time period. The oxygen mass balance requires a net carbon production in the euphotic zone of ˜140 mg C m−2 d−1 (PQ=1.5), which is 20–30% of the level of 14C primary production determined by SUPER investigators.
SEPARAÇÃO AUTOMÁTICA DE ATRIBUTOS PARA MÉTODOS DE APRENDIZADO MULTI-VISÃO

Aprendizado Multivisao e uma tendencia em alta em aprendizado de maquina e ja produziu resultados bastante significativos em diversas areas de aplicacao. Uma delas e a de verificacao automatica de qualidade de conteudo criado colaborativamente na Web, melhor exemplificado pelas `Wikis'. A solucao estado-da-arte para esse problema se apoia no aprendizado multivisao, em que qualidade e considerado um conceito multifacetado que pode ser aprendido partindo de criterios de qualidade definidos por humanos. Cada uma das facetas e considerada como uma "visao", e sera avaliada separadamente no Aprendizado Multivisao. A tarefa de determinar as visoes para a maquina e um processo manual e requer a assistencia de um especialista, o que e dificil de executar em muitos cenarios. Por conta disso, propomos um gerador de visoes automatico para enderecar esse problema. Os resultados do nosso metodo foram positivos, com ganhos significativos comparando a outros abordagens presentes na literatura.
Sensitive luminescent paper-based sensor for the determination of gaseous hydrogen sulfide

H2S is an extremely malodorous, toxic and corrosive gas. These properties make the localized emission of hydrogen sulfide an air pollution issue. Despite there being a relatively large number of papers in literature dedicated to developing analytical methods to determine gaseous H2S, it remains an analytical problem. In this paper, we describe a luminescent cellulose filter-based sensor for gaseous H2S determination. The cellulose filter is impregnated with a palladium complex, containing a ligand with fluorescent properties. The measurements are made directly on the cellulose filter, and thus do not require an extraction step. The palladium complex – bis(2-aminobenzoic)palladium(II) – impregnated on the surface of the cellulose filter paper reacts with gaseous H2S. The reaction results in the release of the fluorescent ligand, increasing the fluorescence intensity of the filter surface observed at 410 nm when excited at 338 nm. The linear calibration curve covers the range from 8 to 110 ppb, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2 ppb. The sampling time is approximately 15 min for this range of H2S; however, a longer sampling may decrease the detection limit. The factors affecting the collection characteristics, such as sampling flow, media moisture, cellulose filter paper type and amount of humectant (ethylene glycol) in the impregnating solution amount, were optimized.
Experimental determination of concentration dependence of nitrogen diffusivity in polypropylene

This study determines the diffusivity of nitrogen as a function of its concentration in polypropylene at 170, 180, and 190°C in the range, 0.99–6.75 MPa. Isothermal pressure decay experiments are utilized to obtain the uptake of nitrogen by polypropylene with time. These data when used with a detailed mass transfer model, and the principles of variational calculus allow the determination of the nitrogen diffusivity. It is found to be a peak function with values in the range of 3.88 × 10−9 to 12.94 × 10−9 m2 s−1. Suitable correlations are found to represent the diffusivity in terms of pressure and nitrogen concentration at the three temperatures. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effects of fertilisation and harvesting stages on forage yield and quality of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.)

Abstract This study aimed to determine the effects of five phosphorus rates (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha‐1) and three harvesting stages (beginning of flowering, full flowering, and seed filling) on forage yield and quality of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.). Dry matter (DM) yield, N, P, K, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were determined. Phosphorus rates and harvesting stages significantly affected most of the components determined in hairy vetch. Phosphorus applications increased DM yield, N, P, Ca and Mg contents but decreased K, tetany ratio (K: (Ca + Mg)), ADF and NDF and had no effect on Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn. Harvesting at the late stages caused a reduction in forage quality. Contents of N, P, K, Cu, Zn, Mg and tetany ratios decreased with advancing growth while DM yield, Ca, ADF and NDF contents increased.
Replacement of a Peat-Lite Medium with Municipal Solid Waste Compost for Growing Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Transplant Seedlings

The production of high quality seedlings for transplant involves several cultural inputs, of which potting-substrate quality stands out as perhaps the most important. The suitability of compost derived from municipal solid waste (MSWC) as a horticultural potting-substrate was compared with the popular sphagnum peat. Five media prepared from black peat (BP), white peat (WP), perlite and MSWC were used to determine the optimum growing medium for melon (Cucumis melo L. ‘Eros’) transplants. The substrate mixtures used were (% v/v): BP (65%) + WP (30%) + perlite (5%), BP (65%) + MSWC (30%) + perlite (5%), WP (65%) + BP (30%) + perlite (5%), WP (65%) + MSWC (30%) + perlite (5%), and MSWC (65%) + WP (30%) + perlite (5%). Plants grew in these mixtures for 25 days, with no additional fertilization. Various seedling indices were measured in order to assess the quality of nursery-produced plants. Most seedling parameters were significantly influenced by the potting-substrate used. MSWC application rates of > 30% reduced plant growth due to high salt and pH levels. Growth experiments showed that substrates containing 65% black peat and 30% MSWC appeared to be the most suitable growing medium for melon seedlings; proper leaching is recommended prior to use.
Dimension Theory in Dynamical Systems: Contemporary Views and Applications

The principles of symmetry and self-similarity structure nature's most beautiful creations. For example, they are expressed in fractals, famous for their beautiful but complicated geometric structure, which is the subject of study in dimension theory. And in dynamics the presence of invariant fractals often results in unstable "turbulent-like" motions and is associated with "chaotic" behaviour. In this book, Yakov Pesin introduces an area of research that has recently appeared in the interface between dimension theory and the theory of dynamical systems. Focusing on invariant fractals and their influence on stochastic properties of systems, Pesin provides a comprehensive and systematic treatment of modern dimension theory in dynamical systems, summarizes the current state of research, and describes the most important accomplishments of this field.
Synthesis and characterizations of N,N′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-2-(aminomethyl)aniline derivatives: application of a palladium(II) complex as pre-catalyst in Heck and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions

The reaction of 2-(aminomethyl)aniline with 2 equivalents of PPh2Cl in the presence of Et3N, proceeds in CH2Cl2 to give N,N′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-2-(aminomethyl)aniline 1 in good yield. Oxidation of 1 with aqueous H2O2, elemental sulfur or gray selenium gave the corresponding oxide, sulfide and selenide dichalcogenides [Ph2P(E)NHC6H4CH2NHP(E)Ph2] (E: O, 2a; S, 2b; Se, 2c), respectively. The reaction of [Ph2PNHC6H4CH2NHPPh2] with PdCl2(cod), PtCl2(cod) and [Cu(MeCN)4]PF6 gave the corresponding chelate complexes, PdCl21, PtCl21 and [Cu(1)2]PF6. The new compounds were fully characterized by NMR, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The catalytic activity of the Pd(II) complex was tested in the Suzuki coupling and Heck reactions. The Pd(II) complex catalyzes the Suzuki coupling and Heck reaction, affording biphenyls and stilbenes respectively, in good yields. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do Activities of Foreign Investors Affect Main Stock Exchange Indices? Evidence from Turkey before and in Time of COVID-19 Pandemic

<br>The net selling amount and foreign investors’ retention share have been criticized due to the effects on stock exchange indices. The study focuses on the development of the main index in Turkey (XU100 index) by examining two sub-parts (i.e. before and in COVID-19 pandemic). Daily data between 01.02. 2020 and 06.26. 2020 are analyzed by applying the Engle-Granger cointegration test, Toda-Yamamoto causality test, and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). The findings reveal that (i) net selling amount of foreign investors has an effect on the index in COVID-19 pandemic times; (ii) retention share of foreign investors is influential on the index for both period; (iii) there is cointegration between the index and independent variables but this relationship is not at causality level.
Atmospheric nonequilibrium plasma treatment of biaxially oriented polypropylene

The chemical and physical effects incurred at the surface of biaxially oriented polypropylene film during silent discharge plasma treatment have been investigated using XPS, NMR, TOF-SIMS, and AFM techniques. It is found that chain scission accompanied by oxidative attack leads to the formation of low molecular weight oxidized material which agglomerates into globules at the surface due to a large difference in interfacial free energy between the underlying hydrophobic substrate and the oxygenated overlayer.
Quantitative spectral analysis of HCl and DCl in 120–220 nm: Effects of singlet–triplet mixing

Photoabsorption cross sections of HCl and DCl in the spectral region 120–220 nm were measured using synchrotron radiation as a light source. The absorption contour of the A 1Π←X 1Σ+ band of HCl in the 134–195 nm region is slightly asymmetric, whereas that of DCl is symmetric, with wavelength of absorption maximum shifted from ∼153.9 nm for HCl to ∼155.8 nm. The asymmetry in HCl and the atypical direction of shift in peak wavelengths upon deuteration are attributed to singlet–triplet mixing in its ground X 1Σ+ state of HCl; this triplet component contributes to the oscillator strengths of the A–X band of HCl via transition to the repulsive triplet state 1 3Σ+. The small triplet character in HCl is further supported by an observation that the oscillator strength of the (0,0) band for the b 3Π–X 1Σ+ transition of DCl is ∼17% smaller than that of HCl. This triplet component may account for greater values of spin–orbit branching ratios for products, Cl*(2P1/2)/Cl(2P3/2), observed upon photolysis of HCl in the .
Second-Order Modeling of a Turbulent Nonpremixed H23-Air Jet Flame with Intermittency and Conditional Averaging

Abstract Abstract-A second-order model is presented which incorporates intermittency and conditional averaging.The onditionalequations were derived using a Reynolds average with the effects of variable density appearing in a first-order expansion form. The usual assumptions of equal diffusivity and fast chemistry were made so that the mean values of thermochemical variables can be calculated with an assumed pdf. Calculations agree fairly with the experiments of Pitz in a turbulent nonpremixed H2-air jet flame, in spite of the fact that modeling of the interfacial effects is still very crude at the present time. Further experiments exploring the nature of the interfacial interaction between conditioned zones are essential to model development.
Menu Psychology to Encourage Healthy Menu Selections at a New Jersey University

The objective of this research was to investigate whether merchandizing strategies could encourage college students to make healthy foodservice menu selections. Two hundred sixty-six Montclair State University, New Jersey, students participated during the spring 2011 semester. Three menus were adapted from previous research: a generic control menu; a treatment menu, which utilizes menu merchandizing strategies to promote the healthier items; and a duplicate of the treatment menu with nutrition labels added. A demographic questionnaire was also distributed. The merchandising treatments were not significant for the participants’ top choice, though placing boxes around healthy items had a significant effect (p = 0.025). This positive effect was mitigated when nutrient labels were added. Overall, nutrient labeling was not an effective strategy for promoting healthy food choices in this study. Menus designed to promote good nutrition may have the potential to encourage healthier decisions through hidden persuaders, without restricting students’ freedom of dietary choice.
Multimode microscopy: spectral and lifetime imaging

Multimode microscopy exploits the measurement of multiple spectroscopic parameters to yield a wealth of spatially resolved spectroscopic detail about the sample under study. Here, we describe the realization of a multimode microscope capable of wide-field transmission, reflectivity and emission imaging. The instrument also incorporates confocal spectral and lifetime imaging enabling convenient high-content imaging of complex samples, allowing the direct correlation of the data obtained from the different modes. We demonstrate the versatility of this imaging platform by reviewing applications to the modulation of fluorescent protein emission by inverse opal photonic crystals, to the detection and visualization of J-aggregate coupling of small molecule dyes intercalated into nanochannels in zeolites and to the visualization of fluorescent proteins micropatterned onto surfaces. In all cases, the combination of different microspectroscopic modes is essential for the resolution of specific photophysical details of the complex systems in question.