Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex and Relationship Education for the Autonomy and Emotional Well-Being of Young People

In the transition to adulthood, sexuality and emotional relationships constitute one of the most important dimensions for the achievement of personal autonomy and emotional well-being. Despite advances in sex education, sexuality, and relationships remain conflictive areas in the development of young people. Inequalities between men and women, gender identities and sexual violence, along with the beliefs and expectations surrounding these issues, persist as handicaps to having a fulfilling relationship and sex life. At this stage, emotional well-being is also consolidated by one’s perception of sexuality and relationships from models learned in childhood, in which gender stereotypes and sexuality based on relationships of domination and discrimination persist. Therefore, we examined how the sexual beliefs and practices reported by young people correlate with their level of personal autonomy and responsibility in terms of risky behaviors and toxic relationships. The study shows the extent to which sexual beliefs and habits are linked to decision-making, personal development and social problems derived from conflictive relationships, affecting young people’s overall well-being. A questionnaire was developed based on the theoretical constructs of comprehensive sexuality and equality education (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO], 2010, 2018; World Health Organization [WHO], 2010) with the following dimensions: sex education, sexual habits and practices, motivations, concepts, and beliefs about sexuality. It was distributed in institutions of higher education (N579) in Spain, Portugal, Argentina, and Brazil, and the results revealed a discrepancy between the reported practices and behaviors and the beliefs and models of reference. Key issues included sexuality and relationships as an aspect of personal life that generates confusion and conflict, as well as the propagation of gender and sexist stereotypes that influence young people’s emotional well-being, particularly important aspect in those young people who are training as future education professional.
TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF MONTMORILLONITE AS A DRUG CARRIER FOR PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS: YEAST AND RATS MODEL

Our previous study indicated that montmorillonite (MMT for short) was pharmaceutically feasible to be used as a carrier of an anticancer drug 5-FU. Emphasis of this study is thus placed on the toxicity of MMT to address whether it is clinically safe for practical use. Hematological data of rats model showed that the rats administered with oral MMT had significant increases in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, Hamatocrit and RBC count than those of oral PBS buffer (p 0.05). Hematological analysis for intravenous injection also showed no statistically significant differences between experimental and control group (p>0.05). Biochemical analysis pointed out that compared to oral PBS there was not only a significant decrease of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) ion (p MMTK-SA ≫ MMT-SA > MMT according to EC0 or EC50 line. These all suggested that MMT alone is much less toxic than Lannate and potassium hexacyanoferrate(III). Apparently, it was concluded that MMT alone could be considered non-toxic to S. cerevisiae and Wistar rat for myriads of applications.
Effect of Milk Products on pH of Intestinal Contents of Domestic Fowl

Abstract THE beneficial effects of milk feeding upon the growth and mortality rate of chicks has been demonstrated by Rettger, Kirkpatrick, and Jones (1914), Rettger, Kirkpatrick, and Card (1915), and Rettger (1915). The work of Beach and Davis (1925) and Beach and Corl (1925), indicates that milk is efficient in the control of avian coccidiosis. Beach (1925) reported that feeding adult birds a 20 percent lactose ration lowered the pH of the cecal contents from a normal of about pH 6.2 to approximately pH 5.2. Sanford (1930, unpublished results) in similar experiments on 10 to 12 week-old chicks, found a decrease in pH of a much smaller magnitude than that reported by Beach. Sanford believes that the beneficial effects of feeding milk products to chicks is not due to an increased acidity of the intestinal contents, but to some other property of milk. McClendon, Myers, Culligan, and Gydesen (1919) feeding cats .
Nocturnal feeding by Dark-bellied Brent Geese Branta bernicla bernicla

The occurrence and extent of nighttime feeding by Dark-bellied Brent Geese Branta bernicla bernicla on salt marshes adjacent to their tidal roost site were assessed on the north Norfolk coast using position-sensitive radio transmitters. Nine birds were monitored on 143 bird-nights, and feeding was recorded on 87. The frequency of feeding by night varied widely between individuals. The mean proportion of the night spent feeding for one bird was 19.7 ± 8%. Of this, 59% occurred within ± 1.5 h of high tide. Neither the proportion of the whole night spent feeding nor the intensity of feeding around high tide varied with the length of the night or with time after sunset at which high tide occurred. The extent of nocturnal feeding was also independent of the brightness and duration of moonlight. The birds fed for significantly longer on colder nights, and there was a significant positive relationship between the proportion of the night spent feeding and maximum temperature the preceding day. Analysis of daytime activity budgets on inland pastures showed that the proportion of time engaged in nonfeeding, energy-expensive activities was also positively related to maximum daytime temperature. Increases in the proportion of the night spent feeding after warmer days were achieved by increasing the period of time spent feeding on either side of the high tide, not by increasing feeding intensity at high tide. It is concluded that the geese compensate for increased energy expenditure during the day by increasing the extent to which they feed at night. Implications of increasing energy expenditure as a result of disturbance during the day are discussed.
Input-Output Linkages and Sectoral Volatility

Why are some sectors more volatile than others? This paper uncovers evidence of an empirical regularity in the U.S. economy: upstream sectors that are far removed from final consumers have higher levels of output volatility. The relationship between volatility and upstreamness is not driven by sector size, sector concentration, trade openness or the level of aggregation at which sectors are defined. Rather, the paper shows a stronger link between upstreamness and nominal output volatility, than with indexes of real output volatility. Aggregate exports at the national level also reflect the empirical regularity of higher volatility with upstreamness: Export volatility is higher in economies with trade portfolios dominated by upstream sectors. On average, reducing the upstreamness of exports by one, also reduces aggregate export volatility by about 10%. The pattern of higher volatility for upstream sectors is explained with a model of demand shock transmission between sectors.
The Role of IκB Kinase 2, but Not Activation of NF-κB, in the Release of CXCR3 Ligands from IFN-γ-Stimulated Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells

The severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease correlates with increased numbers of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes in the lung parenchyma. CD8+ T lymphocytes release IFN-γ which stimulates airway epithelial cells to produce CXCR3 chemokines leading to further recruitment of CD8+ T lymphocytes. To evaluate the signaling pathways involved in regulation of CXCR3 ligands, the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B was stimulated with IFN-γ and the release of the CXCR3 ligands was measured by ELISA. The release of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 was inhibited by an IκB kinase 2 (IKK2) selective inhibitor 2-[(Aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-[4-fluorophenyl]-3-thiophenecarboxamide (TPCA-1) (EC50 values were 0.50 ± 0.03, 0.17 ± 0.06, and 0.45 ± 0.10 μM, respectively (n = 6)) and an IKK1/2 selective inhibitor 2-amino-6-(2′cyclopropylemethoxy-6′-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-piperidin-3-yl-pyridine-3-carbonitrile (EC50 values 0.74 ± 0.40, 0.27 ± 0.06, and 0.88 ± 0.29 μM, respectively (n = 6)). The glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone had no effect on CXCR3 ligand release. The release of CXCL10 was most sensitive to inhibition by IKK2 and a role for IKK2 in CXCL10 release was confirmed by overexpression of dominant-negative adenoviral constructs to IKK2 (68.2 ± 8.3% n = 5), but not of IKK1. Neither phosphorylation of IκBα, translocation of p65 to the nucleus, or activation of a NF-κB-dependent reporter (Ad-NF-κB-luc) were detected following stimulation of BEAS-2B cells with IFN-γ. These data suggest that IKK2 is also involved in the IFN-γ-stimulated release of the CXCR3 ligands through a novel mechanism that is independent NF-κB.
Small-Molecule Inhibition of TNF-α

We have identified a small-molecule inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) that promotes subunit disassembly of this trimeric cytokine family member. The compound inhibits TNF-α activity in biochemical and cell-based assays with median inhibitory concentrations of 22 and 4.6 micromolar, respectively. Formation of an intermediate complex between the compound and the intact trimer results in a 600-fold accelerated subunit dissociation rate that leads to trimer dissociation. A structure solved by x-ray crystallography reveals that a single compound molecule displaces a subunit of the trimer to form a complex with a dimer of TNF-α subunits.
Effect of heat treatment on antioxidant capacity and flavor volatiles of mead

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of heat processing on the antioxidant capacity of mead (honey wine). Soy and buckwheat honey musts were subjected to 2 heat treatments and fermented into wine. Total phenolic concentration was determined. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) phenolic profiling was performed on the methanol fraction of Amberlite extraction. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Changes in volatile components were evaluated by headspace-solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (H-SPME/GC-MS). ORAC values of experimental meads (3.62 mMTrolox equivalent) were comparable to those of commercial white wine (3.66 mMTrolox equivalent). No significant difference in antioxidant capacity due to heat treatment or honey type was observed. There was no difference in total phenolics between heat treatments in buckwheat mead; however, soy mead made from high-heated must had significantly greater phenolic concentration than the gently heated mead (α= 0.05). Linear regression analysis indicated a strong positive correlation between total phenolic concentration and antioxidant capacity by ORAC (r= 0.9077; P < 0.0001). HPLC analysis of phenolic profiles in the methanol fractions of Amberlite extraction of the meads indicated significantly higher levels of certain phenolics as a result of the high-heat process in buckwheat mead, but not in soy mead. Differences in volatile components that potentially impact flavor were noted between high and low heat treatments. Results of this study suggest dramatic heat treatments that are often avoided because their flavor impact in mead production have the potential to alter the antioxidant capacity of mead by changing phenolic profiles.
Lake sturgeon response to a spawning reef constructed in the Detroit river.

Summary Prior to the First World War, the bi-national Detroit River provided vast areas of functional fish spawning and nursery habitat. However, ongoing conflicting human uses of these waters for activities such as waste disposal, water withdrawals, shoreline development, shipping, recreation, and fishing have altered many of the chemical, physical, and biological processes of the Detroit River. Of particular interest and concern to resource managers and stakeholders is the significant loss and impairment of fish spawning and nursery habitat that led to the decline in abundance of most fish species using this ecosystem. Lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) populations for example, were nearly extirpated by the middle of the 20th century, leaving only a small fraction of their former population. Fisheries managers recognized that the loss of suitable fish spawning habitat is a limiting factor in lake sturgeon population rehabilitation in the Detroit River. In efforts to remediate this beneficial water use impairment, a reef consisting of a mixture of natural rock and limestone was constructed at the upstream end of Fighting Island in 2008. This paper focuses on the response by lake sturgeon to the different replicates of suitable natural materials used to construct the fish spawning habitat at Fighting Island in the Detroit River. Pre-construction fisheries assessment during 2006–2008 showed that along with the presence of adult lake sturgeon, spawning conditions were favorable. However, no eggs were found in assessments conducted prior to reef construction. The 3300 m2 Fighting Island reef was placed at the upstream end of the island in October of 2008. The construction design included 12 spawning beds of three replicates each consisting of either round rock, small or large (shot-rock) diameter limestone or a mixture thereof. An observed response by spawning lake sturgeon occurred the following year when spawning-ready adults (ripe), viable eggs, and larvae were collected during May and June 2009. Additional eggs and spawning-ready adults were found in 2010 (no larval sampling occurred in 2010) as well as collection of three age-0 juvenile lake sturgeon in bottom trawls fished downstream of the reef during July 2010. Spawning lake sturgeon showed no repeatable preference for any of the four particular substrate types but showed a high degree of preference for the island side of the channel, where faster water current velocities occurred. In 2009, overall lake sturgeon egg densities across all replicates averaged 102 m−2 and seven larvae were found in night drift-net samples. In 2010, average lake sturgeon egg density was 12 m−2 and three age-0 lake sturgeon averaging 120 mm TL were collected in bottom trawls in deepwater (∼8 m depth) downstream from the constructed reef. These results demonstrated successful reproduction by lake sturgeon on a man-made reef and suggested that additions and improvements to fish spawning habitat could enhance reproduction and early life history survival of lake sturgeon in the Detroit River.
Performance of single comb white leghorn layers fed with aloe vera, Curcuma longa (turmeric) and probiotic.

Two hundred and eighty commercial layer chicks belonging to single hatch were purchased from local hatchery, wing banded, weighed and randomly allotted into seven treatment groups with four replicates of ten chicks each. The chicks were reared in cages in a gable roofed, open sided house. All the chicks were provided with uniform floor, feeder and waterer space and were reared under standard management conditions throughout the experimental period. The experimental diet was formulated according to th e standards prescribed in Bureau of Indian Standards (B.I.S., 1992). The treatment groups were T -Control; 1 T -0.1% aloe vera; T -0.1% turmeric; T -0.1% probiotic; T -0.1% aloe vera + 0.1% turmeric; T -0.1% aloe vera 2 3 4 5 6 + 0.1% probiotic and T -0.1% turmeric + 0.1% probiotic powder. There was no significant difference in feed 7 consumption. Hen housed egg production, hen day egg production and return over feed cost differ significantly after 40 weeks of age during the experimental period. The overall mean per cent broken eggs differ significantly (p<0.05) among treatment groups but no significant difference was observed in overal l mean feed conversion ratio per dozen eggs during the experimental period.
Assessment and selection of initial material for breeding perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

SUMMARY A breeding programme initiated at Oak Park, Carlow, in September 1965, in which perennial ryegrass plants, instead of being widely spaced as traditionally used in grassbreeding, were planted 9 x 9 in apart, is described. At this density, plants were individually distinguishable throughout three growing seasons yet gave a complete ground cover of herbage on which was imposed two contrasting systems of defoliation. Data on ear emergence, dry-matter yields, persistence and some quality components agreed with data obtained from swards by other workers.
Grain growth and malting quality of barley. 1. Effects of heat stress and moderately high temperature

In this study, controlled-environment conditions were used to compare the effects of moderately high and very high temperatures during grain filling on grain growth and malting quality of barley. Heat stress applied from 15 to 20 days after anthesis (DAA) reduced grain weight by about 35%, whereas longer periods (15–20 days) of moderately high temperature applied from 20 DAA to maturity reduced grain weight by about 6%. Both heat stress and moderately high temperature resulted in reduced grain weight through a reduction in the duration of grain filling. Grain composition was altered by both moderately high and very high temperatures, although the changes were larger under very high temperatures. In general, there was a decrease in starch content, resulting from the reduction in both volume and number of A- and B-type starch granules. Nitrogen concentration was significantly increased only in the 30/25°C treatments, and changes in diastatic power were only minor. There was a reduction in β-glucan content, together with an increase in β-glucan degradation. However, malt extract was not significantly affected by these stresses.
The water relations of Allosyncarpia ternata (Myrtaceae) at contrasting sites in the monsoonal tropics of northern Australia

Allosyncarpia ternata S.T. Blake (Myrtaceae) is an evergreen tree, restricted largely to rocky habitats on the Arnhem Land Plateau in the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia. Allosyncarpia ternata grows in a wide range of habitats, including sites near permanent springs, where it forms a distinctive closed-canopy forest with an understorey of rainforest plants, and sites on exposed cliffs and hilltops, where it occurs in open forest and woodland. Leaf water relations differ markedly between these contrasting sites. During the dry season, trees at open sites show strong diurnal hysteresis in stomatal conductance (gs); afternoon depressions in gs coincide with regular afternoon increases in vapour pressure deficit. Pressure–volume analyses indicate that A. ternata maintains turgor down to leaf water potential values of about –2.8 MPa, close to the minimum experienced by hilltop leaves late in the dry season. By contrast, trees on the ravine floor, with year-round access to water, exhibit much smaller diurnal and seasonal variation in stomatal conductance and little seasonal variation in leaf water potential. It is concluded that this flexible response in leaf water relations to seasonally dry conditions is partly responsible for the ability of A. ternata to occupy and dominate the vegetation in such a wide variety of habitats. The near confinement of the species to the Arnhem Land Plateau is in part due to the water-holding capacity of the bedrock.
How does Load Disaggregation Performance Depend on Data Characteristics?: Insights from a Benchmarking Study

Electrical consumption data contain a wealth of information, and their collection at scale is facilitated by the deployment of smart meters. Data collected this way is an aggregation of the power demands of all appliances within a building, hence inferences on the operation of individual devices cannot be drawn directly. By using methods to disaggregate data collected from a single measurement location, however, appliance-level detail can often be reconstructed. A major impediment to the improvement of such disaggregation algorithms lies in the way they are evaluated so far: Their performance is generally assessed using a small number of publicly available electricity consumption data sets recorded from actual buildings. As a result, algorithm parameters are often tuned to produce optimal results for the used data sets, but do not necessarily generalize to different input data well. We propose to break this tradition by presenting a toolchain to create synthetic benchmarking data sets for the evaluation of disaggregation performance in this work. Generated synthetic data with a configurable amount of concurrent appliance activity is subsequently used to comparatively evaluate eight existing disaggregation algorithms. This way, we not only create a baseline for the comparison of newly developed disaggregation methods, but also point out the data characteristics that pose challenges for the state-of-the-art.
Migrating to the City: Responses of Neotropical Migrant Bird Communities to Urbanization

Abstract. Birds that migrate to the neotropics have experienced dramatic population decreases over the last few decades. Although the transformation of their wintering habitats has been related to such decreases, several neotropical migrants are tolerant of human disturbances and winter in human-altered habitat. We surveyed a neotropical city broadly to evaluate how migrant birds respond to urbanization, finding that urbanization has a negative effect on communities of migrant birds: species richness and density of migrants decreased with urbanization. Although we recorded a significant decrease in the total number of individual neotropical migrants toward the center of the city, we found no differences among species when we assessed possible effects of the distance from the city's edge by species. Only tree cover had a positive significant relationship with both species richness and bird abundance. Our results show that urbanization can have an even greater negative effect on communities of neotropical migrant birds than for those of resident birds. However, some migrants that used the urban habitats we studied are of conservation concern, indicating that urbanization can act as a two-edged sword, affecting several migratory species negatively while offering winter habitats to others.
A Lightweight Energy-Efficient Computational Offloading Scheme in Mobile Edge Computing

Mobile edge computing (MEC) has been an alternative to mobile cloud computing (MCC) for computationally intensive mobile tasks by offloading computations to nearby servers. However, it is not easy to generate an optimal offloading scheme considering both energy consumption and time delay with low time complexity. In this paper, we propose a lightweight energy-efficient computational offloading scheme (LEEOS) for a task to make the offloading decision of each component. First, LEEOS calculates the cost values of local execution and remote execution for all components. Based on these cost values, it uses a greedy heuristic to determine which components to offload to mobile edge servers for execution. Experiment results show that our proposed approach is promising in terms of energy consumption of user equipment as well as computation time.