Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comment on 'Intercalibration of solar wind instruments during the International Magnetospheric Study' by S. M. Petrinec and C. T. Russell

In their paper Petrinec and Russell (PR) (1993) claim to have developed a 'more homogeneous and accurate set of solar wind data' by 'correcting' the reported ion densities from three plasma instruments: the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) ion electrostatic analyzer on ISEE 3 and the LANL electrostatic analyzer and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Faraday cup plasma instrument on Interplanetary Monitoring Platform 8 (IMP 8). Their data manipulation techniques are examined. The foundations on which their data set are built, are discussed. Reanalysis by MIT on the MIT instrument (IMP 8) was done. Initial results have been issued. The Petrinec & Russell (1993) (PR) paper does not provide accurate density estimates and is an exercise that will only bring confusion to users of the data. The results of PR should be treated with skepticism.
Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS): Manhiça site description, Mozambique

The Manhiça Health Research Centre (Manhiça HDSS) was established in 1996 in Manhiça, a rural district at Maputo Province in the southern part of Mozambique with approximately 49,000 inhabited households, a total population of 209.000 individuals, and an annual estimated birth cohort of about 5000 babies. Since 2016, Manhiça HDSS is implementing the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) program aiming to investigate causes of death (CoD) in stillbirths and children under the age of 5 years using, among other tools, the innovative post-mortem technique known as Minimally Invasive Tissue sampling (MITS). Both in-hospital and community pediatric deaths are investigated using MITS. For this, community-wide socio-demographic approaches (notification of community deaths by key informants, formative research involving several segments of the community, availability of free phone lines for notification of medical emergencies and deaths, etc.) are conducted alongside to foster community awareness, involvement and adherence as well as to compute mortality estimates and collect relevant information of health and mortality determinants. The main objective of this paper is to describe the Manhiça Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) site and the CHAMPS research environment in place including the local capacities among its reference hospital, laboratories, data center and other relevant areas involved in this ambitious surveillance and research project, whose ultimate aim is to improve child survival through public health actions derived from credible estimates and understanding of the major causes of childhood mortality in Mozambique.
Fluid instabilities and wakes in a soap-film tunnel

We present a compact, low-budget two-dimensional hydrodynamic flow visualization system based on a tilted, gravity-driven soap film tunnel. This system is suitable for demonstrations and studies of a variety of fluid mechanics problems, including turbulent wakes past bluff bodies and lifting surfaces, Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, and grid turbulence.
Advanced Nonlinear Latent Variable Modeling: Distribution Analytic LMS and QML Estimators of Interaction and Quadratic Effects

Interaction and quadratic effects in latent variable models have to date only rarely been tested in practice. Traditional product indicator approaches need to create product indicators (e.g., x 1 2, x 1 x 4) to serve as indicators of each nonlinear latent construct. These approaches require the use of complex nonlinear constraints and additional model specifications and do not directly address the nonnormal distribution of the product terms. In contrast, recently developed, easy-to-use distribution analytic approaches do not use product indicators, but rather directly model the nonlinear multivariate distribution of the measured indicators. This article outlines the theoretical properties of the distribution analytic Latent Moderated Structural Equations (LMS; Klein & Moosbrugger, 2000) and Quasi-Maximum Likelihood (QML; Klein & Muthén, 2007) estimators. It compares the properties of LMS and QML to those of the product indicator approaches. A small simulation study compares the two approaches and illustrates the advantages of the distribution analytic approaches as multicollinearity increases, particularly in complex models with multiple nonlinear terms. An empirical example from the field of work stress applies LMS and QML to a model with an interaction and 2 quadratic effects. Example syntax for the analyses with both approaches is provided.
Composition and atomic order effects on the structural and magnetic transformations in ferromagnetic Ni–Co–Mn–Ga shape memory alloys

Within a certain range of Co content, ferromagnetic Ni–Co–Mn–Ga shape memory alloys undergo martensitic transformation (MT) between ferromagnetic austenite and paramagnetic martensite. This brings about an enlarged magnetization change with respect to the ternary Ni–Mn–Ga, approaching the requirements for magnetic field-induced MT. The MT temperatures, as well as the martensite and austenite Curie temperatures, depend on composition and on the atomic order degree. Therefore, for a given composition, thermal treatments can induce different sequences of magnetic and structural transitions and consequent variation of both magnetization and transformation entropy changes. Analysis of the structural and magnetic transitions undergone by a set of selected Ni50−xCoxMn25+yGa25−y (x = 3–8, y = 5–7) alloys allows to build a phase diagram where the composition-–temperature regions for different crystallographic and magnetic states of the alloys are shown. The temperature changes produced by water quench from 1070 K .
Inversion of the intensity-magnetic field relationship in solar active regions

We discuss the relationship between the EUV spectral line intensities and the photospheric magnetic flux in solar active regions. Since the histograms of the magnetic flux density in active region plages can be approximated by an exponential function, the equation describing how the observed total line intensity integrated over an active region area arises from the magnetic field, can be approximated by a Laplace integral. We use this property to solve an inverse problem and derive a function relating the line intensity from individual loops to the photospheric magnetic flux density at their footpoints. We propose a simple model in which the intensity of a coronal line Fe XVI 360.8 A in an individual coronal loop is proportional to the footpoint magnetic flux density to the power of δ and explore how well the value of δ is constrained by the observations. Using EUV spectra from the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) on SOHO and magnetograms from SOHO Michelson Doppler Imager for 26 active regions without sunspots, we find that the value of δ depends on the magnetic flux density threshold used to define active region magnetic area. When even the weakest fields are included, we obtain δ = 1.3, where 1.0
Characterization of the Technofunctional Properties and Three-Dimensional Structure Prediction of 11S Globulins from Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) Seeds

Amaranth 11S globulins (Ah11Sn) are an excellent source of essential amino acids; however, there have been no investigations on the characterization of their techno-functional properties at different pH conditions and NaCl concentrations, which are necessary for food formulations. In this work, we report a new two-step purification method for native Ah11Sn with purity levels of ~95%. LC–MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of three different Ah11Sn paralogs named Ah11SB, A11SC, and Ah11SHMW, and their structures were predicted with Alphafold2. We carried out an experimental evaluation of Ah11Sn surface hydrophobicity, solubility, emulsifying properties, and assembly capacity to provide an alternative application of these proteins in food formulations. Ah11Sn showed good surface hydrophobicity, solubility, and emulsifying properties at pH values of 2 and 3. However, the emulsions became unstable at 60 min. The assembly capacity of Ah11Sn evaluated by DLS analysis showed mainly the trimeric assembly (~150–170 kDa). This information is beneficial to exploit and utilize Ah11Sn rationally in food systems.
Optimization of Value of Aerodrome Forecasts

Prediction of short-term variations of vital boundary layer conditions at airports, such as visibility and cloud base, is important to the safe and economic operation of airlines. Results of an experiment involving groups of forecasters at three different locations across Australia are presented. The forecasters were asked to indicate their degree of confidence that weather at the airport would be below ‘‘minimums’’ that would require aircraft to carry adequate fuel to proceed to an alternate destination should they not be able to land. The results of the trial are shown to closely obey a Gaussian model as used in signal detection theory (SDT). The data are fitted to an accuracy-value model developed by Mason. The paper demonstrates the ability of forecasters to provide reasonably reliable probability forecasts of significant events at airports. The potential value in reliable estimation of the probability of low visibility and cloud base at aerodromes is estimated by using cost parameters for two actual examples of flights into Melbourne and Townsville, Australia.
A first use of wavelet analysis for molecular clouds

In the present wavelet analysis of the C-13O spectral data from L1551's outflow region, the fractal Hausdorff dimension of the data space consisting of the centroid velocities over the x-y plane is noted to be definable as 2.35 + or - 0.01. An analysis of surface density yields a dimensional value close to 3, rather than Prasad and Sreenivasan's (1990) 2.36 + or - 0.05 for the Kolmogorov range of the turbulence associated with a water jet in quiet surroundings; this suggests that there is gas between the emissivity peaks, as supported by the larger dominant structure found for the surface density. 13 refs.
Damage Detection of CNT/CNC-reinforced Foam-cored Sandwich Composites by Acoustic Emission Tests under Flexural Load

Sandwich composites stand out especially in the aerospace industry owing to their high strength-to-weight ratio, one of the most prominent factors for material selection. Polymeric foams as core material in sandwich composites are likely to prevent delamination between face sheets and core by augmenting the contact surface area, resulting from their closed-cell structure. Polymeric foam properties can be enhanced by adding nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), however increased CNT content or the type of CNTs might arise critical problems such as agglomeration and irregular distribution of nanomaterials. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are claimed to be good candidates to prevent nanomaterial reinforcing related issues and further, their inclusion enables reinforcing of polymeric foams using an optimum CNT/CNC concentration. In this work, CNT/CNC reinforced polyurethane (PU) foam-cored sandwich composites were manufactured and characterized for the influence of nanomaterial addition on the mechanical properties with an aim to find the optimum nanomaterial content. 0.1 wt. % CNT, CNC, CNT/CNC (1:1), and CNT/CNC (1:2) reinforced PU foam-cored sandwich composites were subjected to simultaneous three-point bending tests and acoustic emission tests, one of the promising non-destructive testing methods enabling in-situ
Difference of Two Antiseptic Gels for the Treatment of Peri-Implant Mucositis on Plaque Index and Bleeding Score: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

Aim: To analyze and compare the effectiveness of two antibacterial gels in the treatment of mucositis. Methods: After signing the informed consent, in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, revised in 2000, 21 patients were included in the study and divided by randomization into two groups. At the baseline, the modified bleeding index (mBI) and plaque index (PI) values were measured, and an oral hygiene and implant disinfection session was carried out. The session was repeated at 7, 15, and 30 days and after 2 and 3 months from the baseline. Two products were used—a bioadhesive gel in the test group and a 1% chlorhexidine gel in the control group. Results: Due to three dropouts, the final sample was composed of 18 patients. An improvement in periodontal indices was observed, similar to mBI and PI values, in both groups. There were no complications except for the appearance of pigmentations in the control group. Conclusions: The antibacterial power and effectiveness of the two gels are comparable. Considering the small sample size of the study cohort, further studies are needed to validate the results obtained from this pilot study.
Moment inequalities for sums of DMRL random variables

Some moment inequalities are known to be valid for non-parametric lifetime distribution classes. Here we consider one set of these inequalities, which hold for random variables that are DMRL (decreasing in mean residual life). We prove that such inequalities are satisfied by variables which are sums of DMRL random variables too, though these sums are not necessarily DMRL. Related results are shown, together with similar results valid for the stochastic comparison in mean residual life.
Thermal effects in shielded MR heads for tape applications

The authors discuss some factors that limit the permissible input power in multi-track magnetoresistive (MR) tape heads. The possible consequences of increasing the power dissipation in MR heads as a means of increasing readback signal amplitude are discussed. A simple model to describe the temperature rise of a shielded MR element is given. Evidence for exceeding the Curie point of ferrite used in shielded MR heads is seen with element temperatures in excess of 340 degrees C recorded prior to element burnout. >
Influence of Injected Projectiles on the Induction Period of Crystallization Fouling

Projectiles of various shapes and hardness are increasingly used in process industries to mitigate fouling in tubular heat exchangers. It is a common practice to inject the projectiles at the early stage of fouling, though laboratory results are quite scarce in the open literature to assess whether this is an appropriate operating procedure. The present work aims at investigating the influence of injected projectiles on the induction period of CaSO4 crystallization fouling. Fouling experiments have been performed in a plain heated tube. The projectiles were of spherical shape with diameter of 20.2 mm, that is, 1% bigger than the inner diameter of the heated tube, and were injected at various intervals. It has been observed that overall the attempted projectile reduced the induction period and thus expedited the fouling process. The asymptotic behavior of crystallization fouling is also approached more quickly but much less so than that of no injection. The induction period increased linearly with the flow velocity in case of no injection, while it was independent of the flow velocity when the projectile was injected as long as the injection rate was kept constant. Increasing the injection rate decreased the induction period and started the fouling process earlier. This is because the propulsion of projectiles induces air bubbles into the heat exchanger tube, which would in turn promote fouling to occur more quickly, and thus shorter induction periods are expected. Therefore, it is highly recommended to inject projectiles only after the induction period, to make use of the fouling-free operation during the induction period.
Folliculocentric lymphocytic hypersensitivity reactions in CLL/SLL patients: A unique clinicopathologic entity amongst non‐specific hypersensitivity reactions

Abstract Background Cutaneous hypersensitivity eruptions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) are a clinically and histologically heterogeneous group that can either precede, occur with, or follow the development of a hematologic malignancy. Therefore, establishing the diagnosis requires careful clinical and pathologic correlation and an understanding of the broad spectrum of presentations. Data is lacking on the correlation of skin disease with molecular/cytogenetic risk profiling of the tumor. Objectives The aims of this study were to characterize the clinical, histological, and genetic aberrations in recurrent cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in patients with CLL/SLL. Methods A single site academic retrospective chart review of medical records, histopathology, molecular and cytogenetic data in CLL/SLL patients who developed biopsy‐proven cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. Results Five hundred one new diagnoses of CLL/SLL with 73 patients requiring cutaneous biopsies for skin lesions or rashes were identified. With exclusion criteria, 20 biopsies were identified from 17 patients (mean age, 69.6 years, females = 9) with unexplained cutaneous eruptions. These were commonly pruritic, erythematous papules above the waist. Most biopsies had a prominent superficial, deep dermal eosinophilic infiltrate (85%), with a robust T‐cell predominant dermal infiltrate in 40%. Five out of 17 patients (29%) had a predominately folliculocentric CD4+ T‐cell infiltrate; all occurring on the head and neck. Overall, the prevalence of cutaneous hypersensitivity eruptions requiring biopsy was 3.4% (n = 17), and the prevalence of folliculocentric CD4+ T‐cell infiltrate was 1% (n = 5). Conclusion Cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions in CLL/SLL are heterogeneous; however, folliculotropic CD4+ T‐cell infiltrates may be seen in a small but distinct clinical subset of patients. Commonly tested cytogenetic aberrations in CLL/SLL do not appear to be correlated with the presence of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions.
Investigation of nonplanar perfectly matched absorbers for finite-element mesh truncation

We present a detailed theoretical and numerical investigation of the perfectly matched layer (PML) concept as applied to the problem of mesh truncation in the finite-element method (FEM). We show that it is possible to extend the Cartesian PML concepts involving half-spaces to cylindrical and spherical geometries appropriate for closed boundaries in two and three dimensions by defining lossy anisotropic layers in the relevant coordinate systems. By using the method of separation of variables, it is possible to solve the boundary value problems in these geometries. The analytical solutions demonstrate that under certain conditions, outgoing waves are absorbed with negligible reflection, and the transmitted wave is attenuated within the PML. To reduce the white space in radiation or scattering problems, conformal PMLs are constructed via parametric mappings. It is also verified that the PML concept, which was originally introduced for problems governed by Maxwell's equations, can be extended to cases governed by the scalar Helmholtz equation. Finally, numerical results are presented to demonstrate the use of the PML in FEM mesh truncation.
Novel design scheme for high-speed MQW lasers with enhanced differential gain and reduced carrier transport effect

We present a theoretical analysis exploring the optimum design of high-speed multiple-quantum-well (MQW) lasers for 1.55-/spl mu/m operation. Various combinations of well and barrier materials are examined for lattice-matched, strained-layered (SL), and strain-compensated (SC) MQW lasers with InGaAsP and InGaAlAs barriers. The gain characteristics are investigated for these MQW lasers with various barrier bandgap wavelengths and are used to evaluate the modulation characteristics based on the carrier dynamics model which includes a set of Poisson, continuity, and rate equations. The importance of band engineering aimed at simultaneously reducing the carrier transport effect and enhancing the differential gain is described. It is shown that SC-MQW lasers with InGaAlAs barriers have an advantage in reducing the density of states in the valence band by reducing the overlap integral between the heavy- and light-hole wave functions, which effect has previously been discarded as a minor correction in designing conventional InGaAsP-based MQW lasers. Furthermore, the hole transport rate across the barriers can be drastically reduced in SC-MQW lasers due to the reduced effective barrier height for the holes. Based on this novel design scheme, a 3-dB bandwidth approaching 70 GHz is expected for 20-well SC-MQW lasers with InGaAlAs barriers as a result of both the large differential gain and reduced transport effect.
BD + 22°4409: a rapidly rotating, low-mass member of the local Association

We present spectroscopic and photometric observations of BD + 22°4409, a nearby, low-mass star which, on the basis of its Galactic space motions and high EUV-tobolometric luminosity ratio, has been previously assigned membership of the young kinematic group known as the Local Association. Our observations show that BD + 22°4409 is a single, K5V-K7V, chromospherically active ultrafast rotator, with a probable period of 10.17 ± 0.10 h and a projected equatorial velocity of 69 ± 1 km s". It has a comparatively high photospheric lithium abundance of A(Li)= 1.30 ±0.25, and this, combined with our photometry and a trigonometric parallax, leads to the conclusion that the star is young, although probably no younger than 20-30 Myr, and is a prime Local Association candidate in all respects. Considerable variability is seen in the rotationally broadened Ha emission line, and can be interpreted in terms of transient flare activity at very high latitudes or the combination of a rotationally modulated, high-latitude active region and a rather smaller flare at an unconstrained latitude. In either case, the flare radiative losses in the Ha Une are at least 2 x 10 erg. There is no evidence for the corotating cool prominences that have been seen at some distance from the surfaces of other late-type rapid rotators. This may be interpreted as a geometric effect, whereby the low inclination deduced for BD + 22°4409, of 50° ±10°, combined with a centrifugal flattening of any cloud system towards the equatorial plane, renders clouds unobservable as Ha absorption transients. Spot modelling of the photometric Ught curves yields an asymmetric spot component, covering at least 4 per cent of the total steUar surface. VariabiUty of 10 ± 3 per cent is seen in the strength of the Li i 6708-À line over 7 h of a rotation period, in the sense that the peak Li i equivalent width correlates with the time of maximum spot coverage deduced from the shapes of photospheric line profiles. This result is consistent with calculations of the effect of starspots on the Lii equivalent width, once projection effects and limb-darkening are taken into account. Enhanced molecular bands may also play a role, but very cool atmospheric models are required to investigate this question fuUy.
Aspects of a turbulent-nonturbulent interface

Transport mechanisms at the interface between a laminar and a turbulent plane Couette flow are examined by means of DNS data of a statistically steady flow field. A mixing-layer is established which neither evolves in the streamwise direction nor in time. This novel flow configuration is perfectly suited for explorations of momentum transfer mechanisms, e.g. turbulent diffusion. Unexpected undulations characterize the large-scale interactions between the turbulent and the nominally non-turbulent part flow. However, surprisingly large velocity fluctuations are observed even in the low-Re half of the flow which otherwise would be laminar.