Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Medetomidine for Sedation in the Laboratory Rat ( Rattus norvegicus )

Hauptman K. , Jekl V. Jr., Knotek Z. : Use of Medetomidine for Sedation in the Laboratory Rats (Rattus norvegicus). Acta Vet. Brno 2003, 72: 583-591. Sixty-three rats (Rattus norvegicus) assigned to ten groups of six to seven animals were evaluated for depth and quality of sedation induced by intramuscular medetomidine. The first group received a dose of 50 µg/kg of medetomidine and the dosages in the other groups were 150 µg/kg, 200 µg/kg, 250 µg/kg, 300 µg/kg, 350 µg/kg, 400 µg/kg, 450 µg/kg and 500 µg/kg respectively. Respiratory rate, peripheral pulse, blood oxygen saturation, and disappearance and recovery of reflexes were evaluated at 5-minute intervals for the period of 60 minutes from the medetomidine injection. Disappearance of the lateral reflex was observed within 15 minutes in the 3 rd group and within 10 minutes in the 4 th to 10 th group. The peak of the sedation of the rat population was located between minute 10 and minute 20. All groups showed a drop in pulse rate, namely by 26% on average in the 2 nd group, by 18% in the 3 rd group, and by over 30% in groups 4 to 10. In groups 2 and 4, the maximum drop in pulse rate in minute 60 compared with minute 5 was by 30%; the drop was by 63% in group 10. Statistical evaluation of blood oxygen saturation did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the individual groups. The average blood oxygen saturation was 90.9 ± 4.34%. Recovery of reflexes after the atipamezole injection was monitored at 1-minute intervals. All reflexes under evaluation were recovered within 5 minutes. Our recommendation regarding rat sedation is to apply medetomidine from 150 to 250 µg/kg. Higher dosages induce a relatively strong respiratory depression.
Enhancing Embedding-Based Chinese Word Similarity Evaluation with
Concepts and Synonyms Knowledge

Word similarity (WS) is a fundamental and critical task in natural language processing. Existing approaches to WS are mainly to calculate the similarity or relatedness of word pairs based on word embedding obtained by massive and high-quality corpus. However, it may suffer from poor performance for insufficient corpus in some specific fields, and cannot capture rich semantic and sentimental information. To address these above problems, we propose an enhancing embedding-based word similarity evaluation with character-word concepts and synonyms knowledge, namely EWS-CS model, which can provide extra semantic information to enhance word similarity evaluation. The core of our approach contains knowledge encoder and word encoder. In knowledge encoder, we incorporate the semantic knowledge extracted from knowledge resources, including character-word concepts, synonyms and sentiment lexicons, to obtain knowledge representation. Word encoder is to learn enhancing embedding-based word representation from pre-trained model and knowledge representation based on similarity task. Finally, compared with baseline models, the experiments on four similarity evaluation datasets validate the effectiveness of our EWS-CS model in WS task.
The effect of mindfulness and self-compassion on behavioral self-handicapping via an unstable self-concept

Behavioral self-handicapping is a prevalent strategy among college students to protect positive views of themselves. Procrastination (Ferrari & Tice, 2000), alcohol consumption (Tucker et al., 1981), and inadequate practice (Tice & Baumeister, 1990) are considered to be academic self-handicapping behaviors because they all create some impediment to students’ performance and facilitate a ready excuse for potential failures (Covington, 2000). Although a defense of one’s self-concept can be provided by behavioral self-handicapping, selfhandicapping behaviors come at a cost, such as non-optimal academic performance and selfdeception (Zuckerman & Tsai, 2005). A lot of research has demonstrated the prevalence and negative effects of self-handicapping, but very few studies have examined methods that can reduce one’s tendency to self-handicap (Kearns et al., 2007). In the current set of studies, I proposed that an unstable self-concept gave rise to selfhandicapping, and that such a self-concept was determined by self-worth contingency. I also proposed that mindfulness and self-compassion were potential intervention methods to reduce self-handicapping, because they might reduce self-concept instability. In study 1, I examined whether academic performance feedback in a lab setting would influence students’ academic concept. The result demonstrated that participants’ explicit academic self-concept was altered by the feedback of their performance a performance worse than average lowered participants’ academic self-concept, and a performance better than average boosted participant’s academic self-concept. I also examined if a short mindfulness meditation would help students to maintain a stable and competent academic self-concept after receiving positive or negative academic evaluations. The result demonstrated that mindfulness helped students to maintain a competent academic self-concept in an academic situation regardless of
Changes in quantity, morphology and nitrogen content of fine roots with stand development in a subalpine fir-wave forest

ABSTRACT To determine the change in nutrient absorption capacity with stand development, we aimed to clarify the changes in fine root characteristics with stand development and stand characteristics. Stand characteristics (stand age, maximum tree height, tree density and basal area) and fine root characteristics were examined in three fir-wave stands that aged sequentially along the slope in a subalpine Abies forest in central Japan. The biomass, length, surface area and N content of fine roots did not change, but the specific root length (SRL) decreased with stand development, i.e. distance from the upper side of each transect. On the other hand, we observed an increase in fine root biomass with stand characteristics, i.e. maximum tree height and basal area of the Abies community, while a decrease in SRL was also observed. These changes resulted in an increase in surface area and N content of fine roots. However, the surface area of absorptive roots that were <0.5 mm in diameter did not change with stand characteristics. Thus, we suggest that the nutrient absorption capacity of the subalpine Abies community increased with aboveground biomass from the viewpoint of comprehensive activity of fine roots, but not from the viewpoint of fine root morphology. We further confirmed that the ratios of surface area and N content of fine roots to basal area decreased with stand development. Future research is needed to understand the actual effect of surface area and N content of fine roots on the maintenance of aboveground organs.
Role of medicinal plant gardens in pharmaceutical science education and research: An overview of medicinal plant garden at Kumamoto University, Japan

Medicinal plants have played an important role in human healthcare as the essential ingredients of traditional medicines for thousands of years. Botanical gardens worldwide play a crucial role in the conservation, cultivation and utilization of plant species, and research activities related to ecology, taxonomy, systematics, biotechnology, etc. Medicinal plant gardens have played a significant role in education and research of plant species used for medicinal purposes. Botanical gardens and medicinal plant gardens are also actively involved in organizing of educational programs/events to students and the general public. This article will provide an overview of the educational and research activities of Medicinal Plant Garden at the School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Japan.
Causes and consequences of variation in maternal investment strategies

v CHAPTER 1. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DISSERTATION.1 CHAPTER 2. RISK-SENSITIVE MATERNAL INVESTMENT: AN EVALUATION OF PARENT-OFFSPRING CONFLICT OVER NEST-SITE CHOICE IN THE WILD . 11 CHAPTER 3. OFFSPRING DISPERSAL ABILITY COVARIES WITH NEST-SITE CHOICE . 44 CHAPTER 4. AGE PREDICTS RISKY INVESTMENT BETTER THAN RESIDUAL REPRODUCTIVE VALUE.78 CHAPTER 5. A SYNTHESIS . 101
Large Eddy Simulation of Bubbles on the Ocean Surface under High-Speed Winds

ABSTRACT Wan, Z. ; Luo, S. ; Huang, S. ; Sun, Z. ; Zou, Z. , and Lu, X. , 2021. Large eddy simulation of bubbles on the ocean surface under high-speed winds. Journal of Coastal Research, 37(1), 82–91. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Waves break under high-speed wind conditions, and a large number of bubbles are generated. These bubbles have an important influence on the magnitude of air–sea exchanges, including but not limited to the transfer of momentum, mass, and heat. Because of current technical limitations, it is still difficult to observe the motion and distribution of bubbles in the ocean under high-speed wind conditions. In this study, the large eddy simulation technique is used to simulate the motions and distributions of 15 bubbles with different radii at high wind speeds under Langmuir circulation. The simulation results show that under high wind speeds, the bubble radius is an important factor affecting the movement of bubbles in the ocean. Large-radius bubbles quickly escape from the seawater because of buoyancy or break into smaller-radius bubbles. At the same time, the results also show that the bubbles are mainly distributed in the near-surface layer and are concentrated in the downflow region of the Langmuir circulation.
Perceiving Agency in Sustainability Transitions: A Case Study of a Police-Hospital Collaboration

This paper explores how agency was used within a police-hospital collaboration to implement a planned change designed to increase the sustainability of a cross-sector collaboration. A longitudinal, qualitative case study involving pre-and-post interviews with 20 police officers and 20 healthcare workers allowed us to capture multiple perspectives of the planned change over time. Analysis of case study data reveals three major findings: (1) organizations with limited power can have agency in cross-sector collaborations when they are perceived to have legitimacy and urgency; (2) the extent to which the implementation of a planned change influences perceptions of agency depends on the organizational context of the perceiver; and (3) different levels of analysis (i.e., meso versus micro) support different conclusions with respect to the role of agency in the sustainability transition process. More broadly, our study highlights the role of perception when investigating agency within sustainability transitions.
Domestic Volunteer Tourism Demand in Slovakia

The aim is to explore and evaluate the aggregate demand of the Slovak population for domestic volunteer tourism. The answers from 573 questionnaire respondents older than 15 years, selected by convenient sampling, were processed establishing a representative image of the Slovak population in terms of age and gender. The findings show an average 3-4% of the population participating in domestic volunteer tourism in Slovakia per year. While participation declines with age, it increases with higher education. The research confirmed that the volunteer tourism could be perceived as a combination of travel and volunteering not only in developing countries, but also in developed ones. It was also found that domestic volunteer tourism in Slovakia partly copies the development of volunteer tourism abroad and has the potential to grow. The demand of Slovak residents for domestic volunteer tourism is significant, and therefore, it is necessary to properly respond with consistent coordination of supply.
Differences in gut microbiota composition in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes subjects in a multi-ethnic population: the HELIUS study

Abstract Recently, increased attention has been drawn to the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its possible role in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, potential variation in gut microbiota composition across ethnic groups is rarely considered despite observed unequal prevalence for these diseases. Our objective was therefore to study the gut microbiota composition across health, metabolic syndrome and T2DM in a multi-ethnic population residing in the same geographical area. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on fecal samples from 3926 participants to the HELIUS cohort (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), representing 6 ethnic groups (Dutch, Ghanaians, Moroccans, Turks, Surinamese of either African or South-Asian descent). Included participants completed a questionnaire and underwent a physical examination and overnight fasted blood sampling. Gut microbiota composition was compared across metabolic status (diabetes with and without metformin use, metabolic syndrome and its subsequent components, health) and ethnicities using Wilcoxon-Mann-Withney tests and logistic regressions. Overall, the gut microbiota alpha-diversity (richness, Shannon index and phylogenetic diversity) decreased with worsening of the metabolic state (comparing health to metabolic syndrome to T2DM) but this was only partially reproduced in ethnic-specific analyses. In line, a lower alpha-diversity was found in relation to all metabolic syndrome components as well as in T2DM subjects using metformin compared to non-users. Alterations, mainly decreased abundances, were also observed at the genus level (many Clostridiales) in metabolic syndrome subjects and more strongly in T2DM subjects with differences across ethnic groups. In particular, we observed decreased abundances of members of the Peptostreptococcaceae family and of Turicibacter and an increased abundance of a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. Our data highlight several compositional differences in the gut microbiota of individuals with metabolic syndrome or T2DM. These features, confirming prior observations, give some insights into potential key intestinal bacteria related to a worsening of metabolic state. Our results also underscore possible ethnic-specific profiles associated with these microbiota alterations that should be further explored.
Affine Transformed IT2 Fuzzy Event-Triggered Control Under Deception Attacks

Stabilization of type-2 fuzzy system in the presence of cyber attacks is investigated in this article. For a practical application, a class of nonlinear system can be represented by an interval type-2 fuzzy system through a set of membership functions. Unlike existing schemes, 1) affine membership functions are considered in the controller design; moreover, 2) a robust adaptive event-triggered control is proposed to avoid the unwanted triggering events, which makes the proposed scheme more reliable and relaxes the conservativeness of stability analysis.In the numerical simulation, the mass–spring–damper system and the tracking control system are considered to illustrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Adapting to future climate change by integration of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) into the building envelope: a case study in Stockholm, Sweden

This paper presents a numerical investigation on the effectiveness of phase change materials (PCMs) wall implementation as building refurbishment solution, under both historical and future climate conditions. Specifically, the paper aims at proofing the PCM capability of being an effective refurbishment strategy. The study is based on dynamic building simulations carried out by IDA ICE on a typical residential single zone house in Stockholm city (Sweden). Specifically, two key performance indices have been considered: total energy demand and indoor thermal comfort. The results of the simulations highlight that in lightweight building envelope, PCM can contribute to a reduction of cooling demand and improve the indoor thermal comfort under both historical and future climate. PCM results slight effectiveness in reducing heating loads. However, the annual energy saving resulted between -1.5% and -2.4% for the historical period and between -1.9% and -5.7% for the future one.
Sequential Calibration Method of Nonlinear Errors of PIGA on Counter-Rotating Platform Centrifuge

This article proposes a new method for calibrating nonlinear errors of pendulous integrating gyro accelerometer (PIGA) on the precision centrifuge with a counter-rotating platform, which can provide both constant and harmonic input accelerations. First, by analyzing the working principle and error sources of the centrifuge, corresponding coordinate systems are established. With the homogeneous transformation method, the precise input accelerations and angular velocities of PIGA in the centrifuge test are derived, and the error calibration models are established. Then, the sequential calibration method is designed by combining the symmetrical position test with a synchronous counter-rotating test. This sequential method has the advantage of installing PIGA on the centrifuge only once. Not only the nonlinear error coefficients are identified but also the centrifuge errors, the misalignments of PIGA with the centrifuge, and the installation errors of PIGA on the centrifuge are effectively suppressed simultaneously. Experiments are presented and discussed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Risk factors for hand osteoarthritis

Introduction. Hand osteoarthritis is a joint degenerative disease characterized by hand deformities affecting the hand strength and function, leading to greater disability and increased healthcare utilization. The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of different risk factors on the incidence of hand osteoarthritis. Material and Methods. The study was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Special Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases Novi Sad, Serbia, during a one year period (2017 - 2018). It included 100 postmenopausal women aged 60 to 70 years presenting with pain in the hands ? 3 according to the visual analogue scale. All respondents were divided into two groups, according to radiographic findings graded using the Kellgren-Lawrence scale. Risk factors responsible for the development of hand osteoarthritis were examined and the research procedure included medical history data, physical examination of the hand joints, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory tests. Statistical processing and analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ver. 25. Results. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in relation to positive family history of degenerative changes in the hand joints (p = 0.000), as well as in relation to metabolic syndrome (p = 0.001). Conclusion. A positive family history of degenerative changes of the hands and presence of metabolic syndrome are significant risk factors for the development of hand osteoarthritis.
Corona Virus Infectious Disease 19 (COVID-19) in Various Reviews

The current COVID-19 outbreak was caused by a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. It accesses host cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein, which is expressed by endothelial cells (EC) and very abundantly expressed in the lungs. SARS-CoV-2 uses a surface glycoprotein (peplomer) called a spike to access host cells and ACE2 has been revealed to be a co-receptor for coronavirus entry. The antigen presentation of SARS-CoV mainly depends on the MHC I molecule, but MHC II also contributes to the presentation. Based on the mechanism of a common acute viral infection, the antibody profile against the SARS-CoV virus contains characteristic pattern of IgM and IgG production. By the end of week 12, SARS-specific IgM antibodies disappear, whereas IgG antibodies can last in a longer period of time, which shows IgG antibodies can mainly hold a protective role, and SARS-specific IgG antibodies mainly are S-specific and N-specific antibodies. Clinical manifestations are not only found in mucosa in the airways but also in the cardiovascular system, kidneys, central nervous system, pregnancy, skin, oral cavity and digestive system. The diagnose of clinical presentation of COVID-19 is mainly based on a history of epidemiology, clinical manifestations of pneumonia symptoms (for example, fever, dry cough, myalgia, and shortness of breath) and several additional examinations, include detection of nucleic acids, CT scanning, immune identification technology (POCT) ) IgM / IgG, related to enzymes, immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and blood culture.
Bonds, Currencies and Expectational Errors

We propose a model in which sticky expectations concerning shortterm interest rates generate joint predictability patterns in bond and currency markets. Using our calibrated model, we quantify the effect of this channel and find that it largely explains why short rates and yield spreads predict bond and currency returns. The model also creates the downward sloping term structure of carry trade returns documented by Lustig et al. (2019), difficult to replicate in a rational expectations framework. Consistent with the model, we find that variables that predict bond and currency returns also predict surveybased expectational errors concerning interest and FX rates. The model explains why monetary policy induces drift patterns in bond and currency markets and predicts that long-term rates are a better gauge of market’s short rate expectations than previously thought.
Dynamic Admission Quota Control With Controllable and Uncontrollable Demands and Random Service Time

This article considers an admission quota control which determines the maximum daily admission (known as the quota) of controllable demand that shares capacity with uncontrollable demand. General arrival processes and general discrete stochastic service time are assumed. An infinite-horizon Markov decision process model is proposed to maximize the expected total discounted net reward comprising admission revenues and overcapacity costs. Through formal proofs, the optimal quota control which makes decisions before knowing demand information is found to be equivalent to the optimal classical admission control which makes decisions after knowing such information when the service time is deterministic or no more than two periods. This equivalence is shown numerically when the service time is no more than four periods. Furthermore, structural properties of the optimal quota control and bounds of the optimal quota are established. Finally, several heuristic policies are proposed and compared by numerical experiments.
Wealth Inequality, Governance and Economic Growth in China

Recently, there has been an increasing interest from policymakers, advocates and researchers on the extent to which the growth of the economy can impact income inequality. This research has been focused on the relationship between these variables. The author has recognized the need to focus on wealth as the income indicator, as well as the importance of studying wealth inequality (WI). This is more viable and important than researching income inequality, as this has been studied extensively, as has the impact that governance policies have on the growth of a country’s economy. For the purpose of examining these variables, data from 30 selected Chinese provinces has been used. The panel dataset from 2000–2012 has been extracted from Credit Suisse. This study has predominantly investigated the impact of wealth inequality on economic growth (EG). The study has made use of the GMM estimation system in order to suggest that wealth inequality has a negative impact on the EG of China. Moreover, this empirical investigation has revealed the fact that the impact of wealth inequality on EG has been mitigated by an improved quality of governance.