Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Confusion and Making Sense of Menstruation: A Micro-level Study of Village Khagawal, Chandauli District, Uttar Pradesh

Menstruation is a natural process which has significant and irrevocable changes on a woman’s life. Navigating the entire process is no small feat, and the added confusion in the age of information overload often complicates the situation rather than simplifying it. In India, discourses surrounding menstruation are still restricted to sanitary napkins while overlooking menstrual disorders, understanding and examining the agencies responsible for it. Many a time, ancient pearls of wisdom are being dismissed as taboos without apprehending its deeper sciences which helped women in traversing the entire process since time immemorial. This research is an attempt to view menstruation holistically by giving importance to a woman’s personal experiences and to find out how menstruation is integrated into the local culture. To accomplish the research, we conducted a questionnaire survey amongst 40 females aged 13-49 years and three focus group discussions to explore the coping mechanisms, the grass-root problems the rural girls and women face during menstruation in village Khagawal located in Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh. The findings revealed that rudimentary information concerning menstruation was present amongst the respondents— the respondents are aware of the traditional knowledge and ways but completely ignorant regarding the scientific roots of the practices. Some facets of hygiene need to be addressed.
Attitudes of Saudi nursing students toward nursing research

Background: The role of research was supported by faculty, researchers and professional organizations as an essential standard for practice and professional accountability. It is important to equip students with a strong research foundation to facilitate judging applicability of findings to clinical settings, and conducting research and eventually improving the quality of health-care. Increasing attention is directed to students′ attitudes and involvement in research, however, no previous studies were located on the attitudes of Saudi students towards research. Aim: To investigate the attitudes of nursing students toward research in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A descriptive design with convenient sample of 244 senior students at a three-campus college of nursing in three regions in Saudi Arabia using a 22-items self-administered 4-point likert type attitude questionnaire. Results: Majority of students reported positive attitudes toward research with highest scores for ′usefulness of research′ and ′personal interest in research′ and lowest scores for ′using research in clinical practice′. Research attitudes significantly correlated with students′ seniority and having completed a research course. Conclusions and Recommendations: Assessing students′ attitudes towards research enhances implementation of findings in patient care and proposes means for developing positive attitudes and raising students′ awareness of future role as practicing nurses. Students had positive attitudes toward research and its usefulness in professional work and less positive attitudes toward using research in practice. Faculty should develop students′ knowledge and attitudes while studying at the college. Nursing and health-related professions researchers should direct attention to promoting the ultimate implementation of evidence-based practice by students as well as nurses
The dynamic relationship between laissez-faire leadership and day-level stress: A role theory perspective

Previous research on laissez-faire leadership and stress has focused on between-person differences by looking at general ratings of leader behaviours. Yet, researchers have demonstrated a high situational contingency of leadership behaviours that call for a more detailed analysis of within-person differences. We adopt a role theory perspective to explain why daily laissez-faire leadership is linked to daily stress of followers. Also drawing on role theory, we further explain fluctuations of supervisors’ laissez-faire leadership behaviour over time in relation to follower perceptions of day-specific stress. Finally, we also take followers’ level of neuroticism into perspective to describe when followers are particularly vulnerable to laissez-faire leadership. We conducted a diary study spanning over 5 days within 1 working week to test whether daily laissez-faire leadership and its variability were positively related to followers’ daily stress and whether these relations were moderated by follower neuroticism. A total of 201 participants completed the diary surveys (M = 4.79 days × 201 participants = 963 data points) and provided information in an initial survey. Results gave support for most of our hypotheses and showed a positive relationship between daily laissez-faire leadership and daily stress as well as a positive relationship between laissez-faire leadership variability and daily stress. Neuroticism moderated the positive relationship between laissez-faire leadership variability and daily stress in the way that the relationship between laissez-faire leadership variability and daily stress was stronger for individuals with high neuroticism.
Alternative Spaces of Sex Education: A Look into the Lived Experiences of Young Queer Women

The classroom is a formative space for young women to learn about sexuality and sexual health; however, sexual health education is often engrained in heteronormative expectations of sexuality, which exclude the experiences and health concerns of young queer women. This provokes the question of where, and how, young queer women learn about sexual health. This project draws on 29 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with young queer women who attended public high school in Toronto. The results illustrate the exclusion of queer sexual health in Ontario’s Grades 9-12 1998 sex education curriculum, and both the benefits and drawbacks of learning about sex and sexuality from friends, family, the Internet, clinics and community organizations. This analysis of spaces of education expands our knowledge of how and where young queer women learn about sexual health, with the hope to ultimately improve sexual health education for young queer women in Toronto.
Circular Economy Competencies for Design

This study addresses what competencies (knowledge, skills, and attitudes) designers need in order to successfully design products and services for a circular economy. Existing literature, though sparse, has identified a number of circular economy competencies for design. Yet, a coherent overview is lacking. To complement the competencies found in the literature with insights from practice, we conducted 18 semi-structured interviews with design professionals. Our study identifies seven circular economy competencies for design: (1) Circular Impact Assessment, (2) Design for Recovery, (3) Design for Multiple Use Cycles, (4) Circular Business Models, (5) Circular User Engagement, (6) Circular Economy Collaboration, and (7) Circular Economy Communication. We used a general sustainability competencies framework to categorize our findings. Interestingly, we did not find evidence of the Systems Thinking competency in practice, although in the literature it is mentioned as a relevant competency for design for a circular economy. In addition, we found that methods and tools are still largely lacking or in a premature stage of development. We conclude that design for a circular economy can be seen as an upcoming, independent field within the sustainability domain, and that requires a specific set of competencies, methods, and tools. Our overview of circular economy competencies for design can guide the development of relevant methods and tools, circular economy-based design curricula, and training programs in the future.
The Availability of Specialist Doctors for the Reduction of Neonatal Deaths in 120 Municipal/District Locus in Indonesia

Background: The Government of Indonesia has a policy of reducing neonatal deaths in 120 priority districts / cities. Information / evidence related to factors that can reduce neonatal mortality is still lacking, whereas neonatal deaths are 4-8 times greater than maternal deaths. Objective: evident a significant factor reducing neonatal mortality. Methods: Data is secondary data sourced, with the unit of analysis being municipal districts throughout Indonesia. The outcome variable is neonatal mortality per 1000 live births. The independent variable consists of the proportion of midwives, doctors, specialist doctors, health centers, availability of referral hospitals, chronic lack of energy nutrition in pregnant women, family planning, poverty, maternal death. Linear regression analysis. Results: Significant results in reducing mortality were maternal mortality (p = 0,000, ß :29, CI: 0.009-0.016), specialist doctors (p = 0,000, ß :22.4, CI: -0.0100.004), while the poverty factor protective (p= 0,019, ß= 21, CI: -0.100-0.009). Conclusions: each locus of the city must increase the availability of specialist doctors and prevent factors at risk of maternal death.
Serum micronutrient levels and disease severity score in patients with sickle cell anaemia

Background Disease severity in patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is accentuated by the risk for infection, which could potentially be influenced by serum levels of micronutrients, particularly those that are components of the antioxidant system of the body. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of the micronutrients zinc, copper, selenium and magnesium in our SCA patients and to compare these with the objective score of disease severity. Patients and methods Twenty-six confirmed (using cellulose acetate electrophoresis, in alkaline pH) homozygous sickle cell patients were prospectively recruited in steady-state conditions. Each participant had 8 ml of venous blood collected for haemoglobin electrophoresis and determination of serum levels of the micronutrients zinc, copper, selenium and magnesium (using atomic absorption spectrophotometry). The objective score of disease severity was calculated as previously described and correlated with serum micronutrient levels using the Pearson's linear regression for bivariate correlation. A P value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board and each participant gave informed consent. Results The mean age of study participants was 21.58 ± 9.58 years, and the mean serum level of selenium, copper, magnesium and zinc was 0.60 ± 0.29, 0.13 ± 0.07, 8.76 ± 1.14, and 0.40 ± 0.14 mg/l, respectively. Serum copper was significantly correlated with disease severity score (r = 0.61, P = 0.001), whereas no significant correlation was observed between disease severity score and other micronutrients. Conclusion Serum copper level has the potential to become a surrogate marker of disease severity in steady-state SCA patients.
The Effect of Corporate Risk Disclosure toward Firm Value in Indonesia Sharia Stock Index

This study aims to examine the factors that influence corporate risk disclosure which consist of company type, size and profitability, as well as the impact of corporate risk disclosure itself on the firm value. Every company has different risk. Investors need to know the risks faced by the company and the strategies used to deal with them. The companies listed on the ISSI are required to conduct their business based on sharia principles. Risk disclosure is a form of applying sharia principles in business ethics. The population of this research is 265 non-financial companies listed on ISSI and published the annual report for 2015-2017. The study samples are 73 non-financial companies which are chosen by applying Slovin’s formula. The data analysis techniques are path analysis and multiple group analysis. The results show that the company type, size, and profitability have a significant impact on the corporate risk disclosure, while the corporate risk disclosure itself has a positive and significant impact on firm value. This research results can be used as a consideration for the company’s management to increase the corporate risk disclosures in the annual report as it can be a positive signal to encourage the increase in company value.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AFLATOXIN B1 BIOMARKER LEVELS IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND BIRTH OUTCOMES IN KUMASI, GHANA

Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites that contaminate staple food crops in many developing countries. Although studies have linked these toxins to adverse health outcomes, few studies have investigated the association between birth outcomes and aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct levels among pregnant women. The objective of this dissertation was to investigate the association between birth outcomes and aflatoxin B1lysine adduct levels among pregnant women in Kumasi, Ghana. In a cross-sectional study of 755 pregnant women, Aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct (AF-ALB) levels were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. AFALB associations were assessed as both continuous and categorical values. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used on log transformed AF-ALB values for bivariate and adjusted analyses. Participants were also divided into quartiles “low”, “moderate”, “high”, and “very high”. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between maternal anemia, birth outcomes and AF-ALB. From the predictors study, the mean AF-ALB in maternal serum was 10.9 ± 19.00 pg/mg albumin (range=0.44-268.73 pg/mg/ albumin) while the median was 5.0 pg/mg albumin. Participants with weekly income levels above 20 Ghana cedis (GHc) had reduced odds of having high aflatoxin levels (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50-0.90). Similarly,
Manufacturing Management Practices in the Western Balkans

In this report, we investigate the quality of management practices in manufacturing plants in the Western Balkans. In particular, we focus on modern operations, quality of monitoring, target setting and talent management. Drawing on 385 survey responses from plant managers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia and Serbia, we find that management practices scores are similar in all four countries. Our results also show significant variation in management scores across industries and ownership types of the plants. Furthermore, the plants owned by foreign MNCs were found to be better run than domestic plants in all types of management practices in all four countries. Trying to answer the question which MNC HQ resources significantly affect the level of management practices in their subsidiary plants, we find that the average HQ country level of management practices is positively associated with the level of management practices in their subsidiary plants. This effect is even stronger when the HQ provides written procedures and trainings to subsidiary plants to help them implement the best practices from the HQ. Finally, based on the personal interviews with managers in 28 plants, we highlight external conditions that prevent the plants from improving their management practices.
Health economics of screening for hypertension in Vietnam

The studies aims to identify the burden of a cardiovascular diseases and solutions to manage it in Vietnam, notably hypertension screening. The studies confirmed that hypertension creates a great burden in Vietnam in terms of cardiovascular diseases, from economic, clinical and social perspectives. Although hypertension management can reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease, early detection of hypertension and adherence to medicines still need to be greatly improved in the Vietnamese population. It would be cost-effective if screening for hypertension is started at 35-55 years among males and at 55 years among females. We recommend that screening and managing hypertension should be integrated into routine care in Vietnam. Aside from estimated cardiovascular risk, age also seems a promising factor to guide efforts to improve adherence to treatment and corresponding cost-effectiveness. Awareness of complications related to hypertension was given as the main reason for adherence to therapy, so knowledge should be increased. A few highlights should be noted as lessons learnt from this work. First, among various models available to predict CVD risks in hypertensive patients, the Asian and Chinese Multiple-provincial Cohort Study seems the most suitable for the Vietnamese. Second, with regard to measuring adherence to medicine, results from a mixed quantitative/qualitative study shows that patients receiving medicines does not always reflect how much medicines the patients actually take; they may not take all they receive, or they may take more by buying on the free market.
How Public Health Campaigns Promote Public Health Disparities

ABSTRACT It is often claimed that interventions aimed at promoting healthy behaviors tend to be most effective among people whose behavior least needs to change and least effective among those most in need of change. If true, the inevitable result would be widening disparities in health engagement between these groups. Using a between-subjects experimental design, this study examined the effects of a directive advocacy message based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on groups with different preexisting levels of engagement in healthy behaviors. The results confirmed that, compared to effects of a non-persuasive control message, the TPB-based message produced greater disparities in engagement between the group lowest in preexisting health engagement and groups with greater preexisting levels of engagement. The study suggests well-intended public health initiatives may seem to provide a net benefit to society but, in fact, actually contribute to the persistence of the disparities they attempt to address.
Oral Cancer: Prevention and Early Detection, Dentists’ Opinions and Practices (Mashhad-Iran)

Background: Early detection is known to be the most effective way to promote survival and reduce mortality in cases of oral cancer. Objectives: This study is intended to survey dental practitioners across the city of Mashhad, in northeast Iran, in terms of their self-assessments and performance with regard to the early detection and/or prevention of oral cancers Patients and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study involved 134 general dentists practicing in Mashhad between 2011 and 2012. Dentists’ self-assessments, in terms of their knowledge, skill, competence, and performance when it comes to the primary and secondary prevention of oral cancers were assessed using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS (11.5). Results: 89.9 % of dentists managed to support their patients in their efforts to stop smoking, though only 39% believed in their own capacity to assist with tobacco use cessation. Dentists reported that 35.4% of their patients aged 40+ had undergone screening for oral cancer during their first visit, whereas 11.6% received regular check-up on a periodic basis. Those prone to cancer constituted a larger percentage, at 76.6%. More than half of the participants (59.3%) believed that they had acquired the essential skills for oral cancer screening. This rate was reported to be 77.6% for lymph node palpation. Almost half of all dentists claimed that their knowledge of oral cancer was up to date. Conclusions: There is need for further training with regard to the early detection and prevention of oral cancers.
Assessment of scapular position in patients suffering from shoulder dysfunction

Shoulder dysfunction inhibits 80% of competitive swimmers from performing optimally. The most common contributing factor to shoulder dysfunction is an altered scapula position. A standard for the distance between T4 and the medial border of the scapula is lacking. Measurements of the distance between T4 and the root of the scapula were made and the relationship of the distance and the function of trapezius middle fibres at resting length was tested. A Vernier caliper ® (ICC 0.94) was used to measure the distance from T4 to the medial border of the scapula. Exercises and stretches to retrain and strengthen the middle fibres of the trapezius specifically were performed twice a week, scheduled around the swimmers’ regular training and strengthening sessions, for six weeks. The results showed that palpation of the scapula to measure the distance between T4 and the spinal root is reliable and valid. A normalisation index should be used to adjust for body build and posture. Furthermore, the distance between the thoracic spine and the scapula did not change, regardless of the statistical improvement in the function of trapezius middle fibres (p < 0.05). The research results are of importance for clinical practice, evaluation and treatment programmes for physiotherapists. The data obtained from this study can serve as a baseline for further studies. Keywords: Scapula position, shoulder dysfunction, trapezius muscle, competitive swimming
Human resource policy makers’, teachers’, and adult learners’ views on the impact of context- and teacher-generated autonomy on adult learners’ L2 motivation: Interview studies in Hungarian corporate contexts

Although the indisputable importance of autonomy, partly due to its motivating capacity, is firmly anchored both in the theory of second-language acquisition and adult education at large, the cross section of the two fields, that is the autonomy of adult language learners, has received little attention in the literature. If we focus on the autonomy of adult language learners in corporate contexts, empirical studies are practically non-existent. This paper fills this niche by synthesizing the findings of 4 interview studies conducted in 18 organizations in Hungary. In this study, 19 human resource policy makers, 18 second-language (L2) teachers, and 21 adult learners were interviewed using a semistructured interview guide to explore how corporate contexts and their language teachers fostered autonomous language learning and how it affected adult learners’ L2 motivation. Results show that while these contexts promote autonomy through their ongoing organic development, teachers foster it by being responsive to learners’ needs, and by providing choices to learners on the basis of which tailor-made teaching is made feasible.
Preliminary results of a phase II randomized study (ROMULUS) of polatuzumab vedotin (PoV) or pinatuzumab vedotin (PiV) plus rituximab (RTX) in patients (Pts) with relapsed/refractory (R/R) non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

8519 Background: PoV and PiV, antibody drug conjugates (ADC) containing the anti-mitotic MMAE targeting CD79b (PoV) and CD22 (PiV), showed clinical activity in Phase I. The current study aims to compare PoV and PiV + RTX in R/R DLBCL and R/R follicular lymphoma (FL). Methods: Pts were randomized to receive PoV or PiV + RTX (ADC 2.4 mg/kg + RTX 375 mg/m2) every 21 days. Tumor assessments were performed every 3 months. Results: As of 8 November 2013, 58 received PoV + RTX (38 DLBCL; 20 FL), 63 PiV + RTX (42 DLBCL; 21 FL). Median prior therapies [DLBCL, 3 (1-10); FL, 2 (1-8)] were balanced between treatment arms; 46% were RTX refractory. Median treatment (tx) cycles in DLBCL: 5 for both ADC (1-15); FL: 8.5 PoV (3-15) and 6 PiV (1-13). Overall safety profiles of both regimens were similar. Tx-emergent adverse events (AE) >25%: fatigue (52%), diarrhea (42%), nausea (37%), peripheral neuropathy (PN) (32%), constipation (26%). Grade ≥ 3 AE >3%: neutropenia (21%), diarrhea (6%), dyspnea (4%), febrile neutropenia .