Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cellular Plasticity in Mammary Gland Development and Breast Cancer

Simple Summary For many decades, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that orchestrate the differentiation of epithelial subtypes in the mammary gland have been a focus of intense investigations. Despite the orderly development of epithelial lineages with specific functions, individual cells or clusters of cells can switch identities in response to stress conditions and during the onset and progression of breast cancer. This review provides a comprehensive overview of factors that promote cellular plasticity. Changes in epithelial cell identity associated with pregnancy and lactation, inflammation, tissue repair, as well as the origin and progressive development of breast cancer subtypes discussed in this review demonstrate the broad impact of cellular plasticity on normal mammary gland development and the formation of malignant tumors. Abstract Cellular plasticity is a phenomenon where cells adopt different identities during development and tissue homeostasis as a response to physiological and pathological conditions. This review provides a general introduction to processes by which cells change their identity as well as the current definition of cellular plasticity in the field of mammary gland biology. Following a synopsis of the evolving model of the hierarchical development of mammary epithelial cell lineages, we discuss changes in cell identity during normal mammary gland development with particular emphasis on the effect of the gestation cycle on the emergence of new cellular states. Next, we summarize known mechanisms that promote the plasticity of epithelial lineages in the normal mammary gland and highlight the importance of the microenvironment and extracellular matrix. A discourse of cellular reprogramming during the early stages of mammary tumorigenesis that follows focuses on the origin of basal-like breast cancers from luminal progenitors and oncogenic signaling networks that orchestrate diverse developmental trajectories of transforming epithelial cells. In addition to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, we highlight events of cellular reprogramming during breast cancer progression in the context of intrinsic molecular subtype switching and the genesis of the claudin-low breast cancer subtype, which represents the far end of the spectrum of epithelial cell plasticity. In the final section, we will discuss recent advances in the design of genetically engineered models to gain insight into the dynamic processes that promote cellular plasticity during mammary gland development and tumorigenesis in vivo.
Pathomechanisms of Diabetic Kidney Disease

The worldwide occurrence of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is swiftly rising, primarily attributed to the growing population of individuals affected by type 2 diabetes. This surge has been transformed into a substantial global concern, placing additional strain on healthcare systems already grappling with significant demands. The pathogenesis of DKD is intricate, originating with hyperglycemia, which triggers various mechanisms and pathways: metabolic, hemodynamic, inflammatory, and fibrotic which ultimately lead to renal damage. Within each pathway, several mediators contribute to the development of renal structural and functional changes. Some of these mediators, such as inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and transforming growth factor β are shared among the different pathways, leading to significant overlap and interaction between them. While current treatment options for DKD have shown advancement over previous strategies, their effectiveness remains somewhat constrained as patients still experience residual risk of disease progression. Therefore, a comprehensive grasp of the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of DKD is imperative for the continued creation of novel and groundbreaking therapies for this condition. In this review, we discuss the current achievements in fundamental research, with a particular emphasis on individual factors and recent developments in DKD treatment.
Do Native and Alien Species Differ in Their Ecological Strategies? A Test with Woody Plants in Tropical Rainforests on Réunion Island (Mascarene Archipelago, Indian Ocean)

Understanding the mechanisms of biological invasions (e.g., competitive exclusion) is a key conservation challenge, especially on islands. Many mechanisms have been tested by comparing the characteristics of native and alien species, but few studies have considered ecological strategies. Here we aim at comparing the competitive ability, stress tolerance, and ruderalism (CSR) of native and alien trees in the tropical rainforests of Réunion Island. A total of sixteen 100 m2 plots (eight ‘near-trail’ and eight ‘off-trail’, at less disturbed sites) were established over a 2100 m elevational gradient. Three traits were measured in 1093 leaves from 237 trees: leaf area, leaf dry matter content and specific leaf area. They were converted into a CSR score assigned to each of the 80 surveyed tree species (70 native and 10 alien) using the ‘Stratefy’ ordination approach. C scores increased with basal area and S scores with elevation, but R scores were not higher along the trail, thus only partially validating Stratefy. Native and alien trees had similar CS strategies, thus challenging invasion hypotheses predicting a difference in ecological strategies and rather demonstrating the importance of environmental filtering. However, other differences falling outside the CSR theory may also explain the success of alien species on Réunion.
Optimization of Thermoultrasound Process of Soursop (Annona muricata) Nectar and Comparison of Its Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Antioxidants with Pasteurized Sample

SUMMARY Research background Soursop nectar contains antioxidants and is preserved by pasteurization. However, this technology impairs its physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds. An alternative is therefore thermoultrasound, which could counteract these effects. The thermosonicated nectar was compared with a pasteurized one and the in vitro bioaccessibility of antioxidants was estimated. Experimental approach The soursop nectar (25 %) was processed and the response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal conditions for thermoultrasound treatment (TUS). The TUS (75–90 % amplitude, 3.15–15 min) was applied, and 2 % stevia and 6 % agave inulin were added as sweeteners. The microbiological, physicochemical, enzymatic and antioxidant properties were analyzed. The properties of thermosonicated nectar obtained under optimal conditions were compared with pasteurized nectar. In addition to the above determinations, microstructure, total dietary fiber (TDF) and in vitro bioaccessibility of antioxidants were determined. Results and conclusions The response variables that fit the mathematical model were L*, b*, chroma (C*), total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity determined by ABTS•+, DPPH˙ and Fe(III) reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The L* and DPPH˙ were affected by quadratic time and TPC by time (p<0.0001). The optimum TUS condition was 82 % amplitude for 9.15 min and the responses variables were L*, b* and C* (45.48, 3.55 and 3.62, respectively), TPC expressed as gallic acid equivalents (38.40 mg/100 mL), ABTS•+ expressed as Trolox equivalents (TE) (31.28 μmol/100 mL), DPPH˙ expressed as TE (124.22 μmol/100 mL) and FRAP expressed as Fe(II) (3.06 μmol/100 mL). Compared to the pasteurized sample, thermosonicated sample had high values of L* (45.56), h° (-56.49), TPC (26.63 mg/100 mL), ABTS•+ and DPPH˙ (22.03 and 129.22 μmol/100 mL, respectively), FRAP (3.10 μmol/100 mL) and low pectin methylesterase (PME) activity (0.28 U/mL). For in vitro bioaccessibility, thermosonicated nectar showed high absorption of TPC (15.26/100 mL) and high antioxidant activity determined by ABTS (34.92 μmol/100 mL) and FRAP (7.88 μmol/100 mL). Novelty and scientific contribution The thermoultrasound improves the physicochemical properties and in vitro bioaccessibility of antioxidants in soursop nectar. On the other hand, as an alternative, this beverage offers low-calorie alternative with prebiotic properties that benefits consumer health.
Mechanisms of Diastolic Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease Left ventricular pressure-volume measurements and myocardial gene expression profile in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats

Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz, Alice Lehner, Shiliang Li, Adrian Vater, Tamás Radovits, Maik Brune, Mihály Ruppert, Xiaoxin Sun, Paige Brlecic, Markus Zorn, Matthias Karck, and Gábor Szabó Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Longitudinal associations between parental early psychological distress and children’s emotional and behavioural problems during early childhood and self-reported social functioning in 11-year-old children born very preterm

This study examined longitudinal associations between parental psychological distress (stress and depression) when the child was 2 to 4 years and a child’s emotional and behavioural problems at ages 3 to 4, and social functioning (loneliness and social competence) at age 11 in very preterm born children. The participants were Finnish families of 172 very preterm infants (gestational age < 32 weeks and/or birth weight ≤ 1500 g). In girls, higher levels of maternal depression were associated with higher levels of social and emotional lone-liness. Furthermore, higher levels of maternal stress and children’s externalizing problems were associated with lower levels of experienced empathy. In boys, higher levels of paternal depression were associated with lower levels of social loneliness and impulsive behaviour. In conclusion, early parental psychological distress is associated with early socioemotional development and the later experienced social functioning in former very preterm infants. The sex of the child moderates these associations.
The Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Poverty Alleviation in Rural Communities in the Central Region of Ghana

xxii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem 18 1.3 Assumptions of the Study 21 1.4 Purpose of the Study 21 Specific objectives of the study 22 1.5 Research Question 23 1.5. 1 Overall research question 23 1.5. 2 Specific research questions 23 1.6 Significance of the Study 23 1.7 Scope and Limitations of Study 28 1.8 Definition of Concepts and Terms of Study 29 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug. edu.gh
Analysis of Financial Literacy on Community Investment Decisions (Study in Tanjung Medan Village, Labuhanbatu Regency)

This study aims to analyze the impact of financial knowledge on individual investment decisions. The tests focus on each indicator to determine which factors most influence individual investment decisions. This study involved 80 respondents residing in Tanjung Medan Village and were identified using a non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling design. This study is descriptive and quantitative with primary data collected using questionnaire techniques. The results of the study show that financial literacy indicators, specifically general financial knowledge, lending and saving, investing and risk management, have a positive and significant impact on decision-making. investment decisions, both partially and simultaneously, in which loan and savings indices have the dominant influence. Meanwhile, in the determination coefficient test, financial knowledge has an 89.70% influence on people's investment decisions, the rest is affected by other factors not considered in the study.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Patterns of Uropathogens, in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Emergency Medicine Department Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Background: Empirical treatment of infections remains a major contributing factor to the emergence of pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and anti-microbial sensitivity patterns of uropathogens in the emergency center of Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: Urine sample data collected over two years from January 2015 to January 2016 at Tikur Anbessa Hospital's laboratory were retrospectively analyzed for bacterial pathogens, and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests were done using the disc diffusion technique as per the standard of the Kirby-Bauer method. Result: Of the total 220 samples that were collected, 50 (22.7%) were culture-positive. Male to female data ratio was 1:1.1. Escherichia coli was the dominant isolate (50%) followed by Enterococcus species (12%), Enterobacter species (12%), and Klebsiella species (8%). Overall resistance rates to Cotrimoxazole, Ampicillin, Augmentin, and Ceftriaxone were 90.4%, 88.8%, 82.5%, and 79.3%, respectively. The sensitivity rates for Chloramphenicol, Amikacin, Vancomycin, Meropenem, Cefoxitin, and Nitrofurantoin ranged from 72% - 100%. The antibiogram of isolates showed that 43 (86%) isolates were resistant to two or more antimicrobials, and 49 (98%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Conclusion and recommendation: Urinary tract infections are mostly caused by Gram-negative bacteria predominantly in females and Escherichia coli are the most common isolates. Resistance rates to Cotrimoxazole, Ampicillin, Augmentin, and Ceftriaxone were high. Chloramphenicol, Amikacin, Vancomycin, Meropenem, Cefoxitin, and Nitrofurantoin are considered appropriate antimicrobials for the empirical treatment of urinary tract infections in the emergency department. Yet, using antibiotics indiscriminately for patients with complicated UTIs may increase the resistance rate and also lead to treatment failure, hence the prescriptions should be revised following the culture and sensitivity results
Definition and geological significance of the Gacangjian volcanic arc north of Dongqiao, Tibet

Many researchers have confirmed that there occurred southward subduction of the small Bangong Co-Nujiang ocean basin in the Late Jurassic. Recently a sequence of Late Jurassic island-arc volcanic rocks has been found at the northern side of the Dongqiao ophiolite zone in the central part of the Bangong Co-Nujiang belt. This sequence of volcanic rocks, named the Gacangjian volcanic rocks, is distinguished from the Dongqiao ophiolite zone by its weak deformation in its inner part and its geochemical characteristics indicates that it formed in an island arc environment. The evolution of the volcanic rocks was characterized by eruption of tholeiitic-calc-alkaline magma through predominance of calc-alkaline volcanism to eruption of arc shoshonitic magma accompanied by Nb-rich arc basalt at the late stage, suggesting a mature arc. All of these demonstrate that northward subduction had taken place within the Bangong Co-Nujiang ocean basin by the Late Jurassic. This discovery has great significance for the reconstruction of the complete tectonic evolution of the Bangong Co-Nujiang belt and establishment of the tectonic framework of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Shift In Menarche Age Among Generations X, Y, Z, And Alpha In Jember District 2023

Introduction: Menarche is defined as the first menstrual period in a female adolescent.This study aims to evaluate the shift in the age of menarche among four generations: Generation X, Y, Z, and Alpha in Jember Regency. Methods: The research design used a quantitative approach with survey methode. This study used nonprobability sampling, consecutive sampling which divided the responden on 274 female adolescent of different numbers in each generation studied. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using One way Anova. Results: The results showed that the age of menarche shifted among the generations studied. Generation Alpha had an earlier age of menarche than the previous generation. Additionally, there was a significant difference in the age of menarche between Generation X and Y, and Generation Y and Z, with Generation X experiencing a delay in the age of menarche compared to Generation Y, and Generation Z experiencing an acceleration in the age of menarche compared to Generation Y. Conclusion: This study concludes that a shift in the age of menarche occurs among Generation X, Y, Z, and Alpha in Jember Regency. This indicates a change in environmental and lifestyle factors that affect the age of menarche. Discussion: The results of this study are expected to be a reference for further research on factors influencing the shift in the age of menarche and health implications related to this shift. Keywords: Menarche, shift, Generation X, Y, Z, and Alpha.
First detection of invasive Douglas fir needle midges from the genus Contarinia Rondani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Switzerland

Since 2015, North American Douglas fir needle midges of the genus Contarinia Rondani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) are known to spread across Europe. In 2022, these gall-inducing insects were detected for the first time in Switzerland, where their morphological identification was confirmed by DNA barcoding. Conducting a visual monitoring of Douglas fir stands in northern Switzerland, the current distribution range was delimitated and revealed the presence of Douglas fir needle midges in forest areas close to the borders of France and Germany, where their establishment has been reported earlier. Genetic analyses of five representative populations further proved the presence of two different mitochondrial haplotypes, of which one was only found in the westernmost population, indicating faint population structuring. When assessing co-occurrence of Douglas fir needle midges with other pests and pathogens originating from North America, Douglas fir stands were often found to be infested also by the insect Adelges cooleyi (Gillette) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) and the fungus Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii (T. Rohde) Videira, C. Nakashima, U. Braun, Crous (Mycosphaerellales: Mycosphaerellaceae). The observed abundance of the newly established midges within the invaded area and their co-occurrence with other introduced pests and pathogens are an indication of the increasing biotic stress level on Douglas fir, which should be taken into account when considering Douglas fir as a potential future tree species for European forests.
Vascular Biology and Microcirculation Advanced age results in a diminished endothelial glycocalyx

X Daniel R. Machin, Samuel I. Bloom, Robert A. Campbell, Tam T. T. Phuong, Phillip E. Gates, Lisa A. Lesniewski, Matthew T. Rondina, and Anthony J. Donato Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
Effectiveness of Project-Based Learning in Improving Critical Thinking Skills and Environmental Concern Attitude in Vocational Students

Creating conducive learning must be supported by skills in managing classes, learning media and learning models. One learning model so that students have these skills is the project-based learning model. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of implementing the project-based learning model on critical thinking skills and attitudes towards the environment. This research was conducted at vocational students in Banjarmasin City. This research uses a quantitative approach with experimental methods. The results of this research indicate that project-based learning is effective in increasing critical thinking skills and environmental concern for wetlands. This is proven by testing the effectiveness of critical thinking skills with the Asymp value. Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.003 < 0.05 and tests the effectiveness of the attitude of caring for the wetland environment with the Asymp value. Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.000 < 0.05
Geomorphology, site distribution, and Paleolithic settlement dynamics of the Ma'aloula region, Damascus Province, Syria

This survey of the geology, geomorphology, and Paleolithic archaeology of a 300 km2 area in Damascus Province, Syria, focused around the villages of Ma'aloula and Jaba'deen. The study resulted in the definition of seven geomorphological zones that trend northeast–southwest, parallel to the prevailing geological features of the region. The zones span a broad range of elevations, from a dry lake bed in the Jeiroud Basin (ca. 800 m) to the peaks of the Anti‐Lebanon Mountains (ca. 2350 m). The research focused on assessing the geological and paleoenvironmental history of the region as a backdrop for 500,000 years of Paleolithic settlement. Among the 618 archaeological sites documented thus far, all major archaeological periods from the Lower Paleolithic through the Epipaleolithic are represented. Most abundant are occurrences of the Levalloisian Middle Paleolithic, with 255 new sites documented. Nine Neolithic sites were also included in the survey. The distribution of sites varies during the Paleolithic and reflects the availability of resources, especially of flint and water, as well as the spatial patterns of erosion and deposition on the ancient land surfaces. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The southern Brazilian grassland biome: soil carbon stocks, fluxes of greenhouse gases and some options for mitigation

The southern Brazilian grassland biome contains highly diverse natural ecosystems that have been used for centuries for grazing livestock and that also provide other important environmental services. Here we outline the main factors controlling ecosystem processes, review and discuss the available data on soil carbon stocks and greenhouse gases emissions from soils, and suggest opportunities for mitigation of climatic change. The research on carbon and greenhouse gases emissions in these ecosystems is recent and the results are still fragmented. The available data indicate that the southern Brazilian natural grassland ecosystems under adequate management contain important stocks of organic carbon in the soil, and therefore their conservation is relevant for the mitigation of climate change. Furthermore, these ecosystems show a great and rapid loss of soil organic carbon when converted to crops based on conventional tillage practices. However, in the already converted areas there is potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by using cropping systems based on no soil tillage and cover-crops, and the effect is mainly related to the potential of these crop systems to accumulate soil organic carbon in the soil at rates that surpass the increased soil nitrous oxide emissions. Further modelling with these results associated with geographic information systems could generate regional estimates of carbon balance.