Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of phytodetrital quality on macroinfaunal community structure and epifaunal response

In order to evaluate the influence of food quality on deep-sea macroinfaunal and mega-epifaunal communities, we deployed experimental food pulses at 890 m depth in Barkley Canyon, NE Pacific. Pulses of 2 microalgal species (i.e. Chaetoceros calcitrans and Nannochloropsis oculata) differed in nitrogen, carotenoid, and lipid content (i.e. quality). After 8 mo, we sampled the enriched patches and controls with push cores. The community structure between the 2 treatments differed in the deeper sediment layers (5−10 cm). Despite no significant differences in the surface sediments (0−5 cm) among the 2 enrichment patches and the control, the macroinfaunal community from sediments enriched with N. oculata separated in ordination space. These results suggest that the experimental duration exceeded the appropriate time-frame to detect initial colo nizers at the surface sediments. Analyses of functional traits, including migration, colonization, foraging, and food selectivity, separated communities in ordination space among algal treatments and control, although not significantly. Based on fixed camera images of each treatment over the course of the experiment, we observed more epifaunal Brachyura visits (between 50 and 40 more) to a patch enriched with N. oculata than to a patch enriched with C. calcitrans or the procedural control patch during the first 2 wk of the experiment. The visible area of 1 enrichment patch per algal treatment disappeared (>90%) ~1.5 mo after deployment. Our study points to influences of food quality, at the algal class level, on macroinfaunal community structure and function, epi faunal disturbance, and sediment reworking.
Emotionotopy: Gradients encode emotion dimensions in right temporo-parietal territories

Humans use emotions to decipher complex cascades of internal events. However, which mechanisms link behavioral descriptions of affective states to brain activity is unclear, as evidence supports either local or distributed processing. A biologically favorable alternative is provided by the notion of gradients, which postulates the isomorphism between stimulus features and cortical distance. Here, we used fMRI activity evoked by an emotionally charged movie and continuous ratings of the perceived emotion intensity, to reveal the topographical organization of affective states. Right TPJ activity is explained by orthogonal and spatially overlapping gradients encoding the polarity, complexity and intensity of emotional experiences. The peculiar arrangement of this three-dimensional functional space allows the brain to map a wide gamut of affective states. As this organization resembles the coding of psychophysical properties in sensory regions (i.e., retinotopy in V1), we propose emotionotopy as the underlying principle of emotion perception in TPJ.
Too Costly to Disregard: The Cost Competitiveness of Environmental Operating Practices

Achieving the dual goal of improved environmental and financial performance has become a universal business concern. Our study distinguishes between firms’ environmental behaviors and their environmental performance, a distinction that has been largely disregarded in previous empirical studies that analyze the association between environmental performance and financial performance. As an improvement in environmental performance itself does not necessarily guarantee positive financial returns, our study pays particular attention to the value-added nature of preemptive environmental activities, investigating the effects of plant-level pollution prevention activities (PPAs) on environmental performance and financial performance in terms of cost competitiveness and market valuation. Drawing on detailed environmental information about 18,743 chemical plants in the U.S. and analyzing a multi-level panel dataset constructed bottom-up from plant-level data to their parent firms’ performance data, we find that more intensive PPAs are associated with both superior environmental performance and improved cost competitiveness but do not necessarily lead to higher market valuation. Our study illuminates the specific environmental activities and conditions linked to environmental and financial performance, thereby offering managers practical guidance in pursuing both sustainable and profitable businesses under increasingly stringent environmental standards.
Analysis of intraoperative frozen section consultations and audit of accuracy: a two year experience in a tertiary care multispeciality hospital in India

Background: Diagnostic accuracy of intra-operative frozen section (FS) depends largely on quality of tissue sections backed by good clinical communication and experience of reporting pathologist. Periodic audit of this consultation in surgical pathology help in assessing the efficiency of procedure and addressing the pitfalls. In this study authors have analysed the spectrum, indications and assessed the accuracy of FS consultation in their institution.Methods: A retrospective study of 212 consequent tissue specimens submitted for FS over two years in study centre was conducted. The FS and corresponding formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue section with their final histopathological examination (HPE) reports were studied and analyzed. The results were classified in concordant, discordant and deferred categories. Accuracy rates and discordant frequencies were calculated and comparison with other similar studies was done. Reasons for inaccuracies were deduced.Results: A total of 212 tissue specimens for FS were reported over two years in this study institute, six of which showed discordant results. Most common site of FS in this study centre was from central nervous system (CNS) lesions (28.77%). Indications for intra-operative consultation were mainly for establishment of tumor diagnosis (66.51%) and status of margins (29.25%). The accuracy rate was found to be 97.17% with error rate of 2.83%. On analysis of discordant cases; the reason for inaccuracy was mainly due to interpretation error (83.33%). Conclusions: The audit of FS consultation established that accuracy rates of this study institution are comparable with most international quality control statistics for FS. The discordant cases were mostly false positive hence emphasising that a variable degree of reservation is required while interpreting and communicating the FS results. The closest possible diagnosis should be communicated on FS and definitive diagnosis should be deferred to HPE in case of doubt.
Climate Warming Alters Age-Dependent Growth Sensitivity to Temperature in Eurasian Alpine Treelines

Treeline ecotones are considered early-warning monitors of the effects of climate warming on terrestrial ecosystems, but it is still unclear how tree growth at treeline will track the forecasted temperature rise in these cold environments. Here, we address this issue by analysing and projecting growth responses to climate on two different cold-limited alpine treelines: Pinus uncinata Ram. in the Spanish Pyrenees and Larix sibirica Ledeb. in the Russian Polar Urals. We assess radial-growth changes as a function of tree age and long-term climate variability using dendrochronology and a process-based model of tree growth. Climate‒growth relationships were compared considering young (age < 50 years) and old trees (age > 75 years) separately. Warm summer conditions enhanced radial growth, particularly after the 1980s, in the Polar Urals sites, whereas growth was positively related to warm spring and winter conditions in the Pyrenees sites. These associations were stronger in young than in old trees for both tree species and regions. Forecasted warm conditions are expected to enhance growth rates in both regions, while the growing season is forecasted to lengthen in the Pyrenees treelines, mostly in young trees. The observed age-related responses to temperature also depend on the forecasted warming rates. Although the temperature sensitivity is overall increasing for young trees, those responses seem more divergent, or even reversed, throughout the contrasting emission scenarios. The RCP 8.5 emission scenario corresponding to the most pronounced warming and drier conditions (+4.8 °C) could also amplify drought stress in young trees from the Pyrenees treelines. Our modelling approach provides accessible tools to evaluate functional thresholds for tree growth in treeline ecotones under warmer conditions.
A genetic approach to study mating system on Jabon Merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus Roxb.) from three different provenances in South Sulawesi

Jabon merah (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) is fast-growing species that endemic to Indonesia, particularly Sulawesi and Maluku. Studies on pollen dispersal and pollination type assist to determine whether the species suffering inbreeding depression in the population. This study investigated the mating system and pollen dispersal pattern on A. macrophyllus in its habitat distribution based on microsatellite marker (SSR). Here, we collected leaf samples from three different locations in South Sulawesi, Luwu, Wajo, and Sidrap, and conducted molecular analysis at Biotechnology and Tree Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The analyses indicated A. macrophyllus tended to do outcrossing in each evaluated population. Means of outcrossing and selfing rates observed in the populations were 76,9% and 23,1%, respectively. Distance pollen travel could reach up to 339 m, and the frequencies of pollinations were varied from 1 to 7 times. The findings indicate individuals of Jabon merah in the populations may not be threatened by inbreeding depression due to outcrossed pollination nature.
Fatty acid profile of lipids and caeca volatile fatty acid production of broilers fed a full fat meal from Tenebrio molitor larvae

Abstract Volatile fatty acid production (VFA) in the caeca and fatty acid profile of meat and fat depots were investigated on 62 days old broiler equally divided in 2 groups fed with a corn-soybean (SBM) or a corn-insect meal (TML, from Tenebrio molitor larvae) based diet from 30 days of age. The total amount of VFAs was higher (p < .01) in broilers fed TML and the same happened for all the single VFA studied in the trial. When the VFAs were expressed as percentage of total VFAs, acetate, propionate and valerianate were higher (p < .01) in SBM group, while the proportion of butyrate was higher (p < .01) in broilers fed TML. The fatty acids C12:0 and C14:0 had higher percentages (p < .01 and p < .05, respectively) in the intramuscular fat of broilers fed TML diet. Regarding the FA groups (SFA, MUFA and PUFAs), only the PUFAn1 fatty acids were higher (p < .01) in the broilers fed TML diet. Insect meals can affect the microbial activity in broiler caeca and, in addition, induced very few modifications in the fatty acid profile of broiler breast. Highlights Tenebrio molitor in broiler feeding affects the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the caeca. The total production of VFAs doubled in Tenebrio molitor feeding group, and the butyrate increased (+183%). TM slightly modify the fatty acid profile of breast meat.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Hyporhamphus quoyi (Beloniformes; Hemiramphidae)

Abstract The complete mitogenome of Hyporhamphus quoyi was sequenced, which is a closed double-stranded circular molecule of 16,511 bp, and we analyzed the main features in terms of the genome organization, gene arrangement and codon usage. The overall base composition includes A(27.4%), T(26.0%), C(30.4%) and G(16.2%). Moreover, the 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) encode 3804 amino acids in total, 12 of which use the initiation codon ATG except COI uses GTG, most of them have a complete stop codon, whereas Cytb ends with the incomplete stop codon represented as a single T. The phylogenetic tree based on the neighbor-Joining method was conducted to provide relationship within Beloniformes, based on 12 PCGs encoded by the heavy strand, the NJ tree demonstrated that H. quoyi has a closest relationship with Hyporhamphus intermedius, which could be a useful basis for propagation of this species.
Petrofabrics and Seismic Properties of Himalayan Amphibolites: Implications for a Thick Anisotropic Deep Crust Beneath Southern Tibet

The bulk composition of overthickened Tibetan deep crust has been generally believed to be mafic granulite with eclogite at the lowermost crust. However, a granulitic/eclogitic deep crust is in contradiction to geological and geophysical observations in southern Tibet. Here we present petrofabrics and seismic properties of amphibolites from exhumed crustal part of the Indian plate in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Our results show strong fabrics of amphibole, nearly random fabrics of plagioclase and strong seismic anisotropies of amphibolites (AVp = 5.6–12.0% and Max. AVs = 5.1–7.7%). Comparing to a deep crust composed of nearly isotropic mafic granulite and weakly anisotropic eclogite, a thick amphibolitic layer in the middle‐lower crust would better account for the strong shear wave splitting (0.2–0.5 s in delay times or 4–15% in S wave anisotropy), the suture boundary parallel faster shear wave polarization, and the widespread postcollisional adakite‐like potassic rocks in southern Tibet.
Development of an Inquiry-Based Science Learning Material Using Flash Card to Reduce Misconception of Elementary School Students

This study is development research with the aim the knowing of validity, effectiveness, and practicality of inquiry-based learning tools assisted by flashcard media to reduce misconceptions of elementary school students on light concept. Before and after the learning materials implemented, the pretest and posttest were carried out. Identification of students' misconceptions was utilized by using the three-tiers diagnostic test. The data analysis technique used quantitative descriptive. The results of the study showed: (1) The validity of the learning materials was declared to be very valid by the validator, (2) The practicality of the materials developed was declared practical by the observer in terms of aspects of the device's implementation and student activities in learning which were categorized very well, and (3) the effectiveness of the learning materials being developed was declared effective in terms of the application of the materials which had an impact on reducing students' misconceptions which initially amounted to 57.33% down to 17.33%. An Inquiry-based science learning device assisted with flashcard media that has been developed, was feasible with valid, practical, and effective criteria, and also can be used to reduce science misconceptions on elementary students on light material.
Investigating causal relationships between sleep traits and risk of breast cancer: a Mendelian randomization study

Objective To examine whether sleep traits have a causal effect on risk of breast cancer. Design Multivariable regression, one- and two-sample Mendelian randomization. Setting The UK Biobank prospective cohort study and the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) case-control genome-wide association study. Participants 156,848 women in the multivariable regression and one-sample Mendelian randomization analysis in UK Biobank (7,784 with a breast cancer diagnosis) and 122,977 breast cancer cases and 105,974 controls from BCAC in the two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Exposures Self-reported chronotype (morning/evening preference), insomnia symptoms and sleep duration in multivariable regression, and genetic variants robustly associated with these sleep traits. Main outcome measures Breast cancer (prevalent and incident cases in UK Biobank, prevalent cases only in BCAC). Results In multivariable regression analysis using data on breast cancer incidence in UK Biobank, morning preference was inversely associated with breast cancer (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.93, 0.98 per category increase) while there was little evidence for an association with sleep duration and insomnia symptoms. Using 341 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with chronotype, 91 SNPs associated sleep duration and 57 SNPs associated with insomnia symptoms, one-sample MR analysis in UK Biobank provided some supportive evidence for a protective effect of morning preference on breast cancer risk (HR 0.85, 95% 0.70, 1.03 per category increase) but imprecise estimates for sleep duration and insomnia symptoms. Two-sample MR using data from BCAC supported findings for a protective effect of morning preference (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82, 0.93 per category increase) and adverse effect of increased sleep duration (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02, 1.39 per hour increase) on breast cancer (both estrogen receptor positive and negative), while there was inconsistent evidence for insomnia symptoms. Results were largely robust to sensitivity analyses accounting for horizontal pleiotropy. Conclusions We found consistent evidence for a protective effect of morning preference and suggestive evidence for an adverse effect of sleep duration on breast cancer risk.
WHAT SHAPES YOUNG PEOPLE’S CONCERNS ABOUT WATER-USE RESOURCES? THE CASE OF HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM

The climate is changing and, accordingly, changes in water quality, quantity and availability for human and other uses are observed and projected. Despite recent advances in climate research, great uncertainty remains concerning how and when the climate will change and how these changes will affect the supply and demand for water. Beside climate-induced uncertainties, rapid urbanization is one among other socio-economic and political factors that influence water supply and demand. Since the public are the primary beneficiary of water supplies and the first to experience the consequences of water quality and quantity degradation, relevant water-related information from the ground is crucial for decision-making regarding water use. In addition, young people play an important role in development as they are identified as one of the major stakeholders, with the right and responsibility to participate in decision-making for sustainable development. Through an online survey using Qualtrics, conducted in a rural–urban transition area in District 7, Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), targeting young people living and studying in this district, this study focused on understanding two dimensions of young people’s concerns about recent water quality and quantity changes in urban and peri-urban areas: perceived climate risks and experienced urbanization impacts. The research findings showed that although young Vietnamese people believe in climate change and the climate risks that affect water availability, they are more concerned about inadequate water management policies and the health risks associated with water pollution resulting from unsustainable urban development. The result implies that governmental institutions need to be more aware of water quality issues and develop appropriate policies for water-use resource management within the context of climate change and rapid urbanization. In addition, the engagement of youth participation in public policy should be enhanced in order to promote active citizenship and the empowerment of future generations in order to engage them in sustainable development governance.
Long-term changes in spatially structured benthic diatom assemblages in a major subtropical wetland under restoration

ABSTRACT Biological communities often comprise core species that are locally abundant and regionally common. Benthic diatoms are crucial primary producers in wetlands and reflect ecosystem responses to long-term hydrological and nutrient changes, yet few studies explicitly focus on patterns and drivers of diatom core species abundance in these ecosystems. We investigated how benthic diatom core species abundance varies over space, time, and environmental gradients in a major shallow wetland, the Florida Everglades, where environmental gradients and diatom assemblages are spatially structured by water diversion and nutrient loading. We analysed a long-term dataset of species and environmental data collected over 6 locations in 2 major Southern Everglades drainages. We hypothesized that (1) the abundance of 4 diatom core species (present in >90% of the samples with relative abundance >5%) and water depth, benthic algal mat mineral weight and organic content, and mat total phosphorus and total nitrogen would vary more across space than time; and (2) the cumulative diatom core species abundance would increase with decreasing nutrient concentrations and depth. We found that (1) the abundance of 2 of the core species and the environmental conditions varied more between sites than between seasons and years, and (2) the cumulative abundance of the 4 diatom core species increased with oligotrophic and shallow water conditions. This study shows how, on average, the 4 diatom core species comprise ∼82% of the total diatom abundance in the Everglades’ benthic algal mats because these species are adapted to nutrient limitation and water scarcity. Similar dynamics may be at play in other wetlands undergoing hydrological and nutrient changes, thus warranting future work to predict these primary producers’ responses to such changes.
Maximizing Learning Through Cohesion: Contributions From a Nonlinear Approach

This study explores the relationship between team cohesion and team learning by adopting a nonlinear approach. A quantitative study with a sample composed of 82 organizational teams was conducted. Radial basis function (RBF) interpolation models were used, and results showed that the best predicting ability was obtained by the Thin Plate RBF model, which revealed that an increase in both dimensions of cohesion leads to an increase in team learning up to a certain threshold. Moreover, our results showed that the maximum value of team learning is obtained at higher values of task cohesion and moderate values of social cohesion.
Increased Climate Response and Earth System Sensitivity From CCSM4 to CESM2 in Mid‐Pliocene Simulations

Three new equilibrium mid‐Pliocene (MP) simulations are implemented with the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) and Community Earth System Model versions 1.2 (CESM1.2) and 2 (CESM2). All simulations are carried out with the same boundary and forcing conditions following the protocol of Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project Phase 2 (PlioMIP2). These simulations reveal amplified MP climate change relative to the preindustrial going from CCSM4 to CESM2, seen in global and polar averages of surface warming, sea ice reduction in both the Arctic and the Antarctic, and weakened Hadley circulation. The enhanced global mean warming arises from enhanced Earth system sensitivity (ESS) to not only CO2 change but also changes in boundary conditions primarily from vegetation and ice sheets. ESS is amplified by up to 70% in CCSM4 and up to 100% in CESM1.2 and CESM2 relative to the equilibrium climate sensitivity of respective models. Simulations disagree on several climate metrics. Different from CCSM4, both CESM1.2 and CESM2 show reduction of cloud cover, and weakened Walker circulation accompanied by an El Niño‐like mean state of the tropical Pacific in MP simulations relative to the preindustrial. This El Niño‐like mean state is consistent with paleo‐observational sea surface temperatures, suggesting an improvement upon CCSM4. The performances of MP simulations are assessed with a new compilation of observational MP sea surface temperature. The model‐data comparison suggests that CCSM4 is not sensitivity enough to the MP forcings, but CESM2 is likely too sensitive, especially in the tropics.