Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CogKR: Cognitive Graph for Multi-Hop Knowledge Reasoning

Inferring new facts from an existing knowledge graph with explainable reasoning processes is an important problem, known as knowledge graph (KG) reasoning. The problem is often formulated as finding the specific path that represents the query relation and connects the query entity and the correct answer. However, due to the limited expressiveness of individual paths, the majority of previous works failed to capture the complex subgraph structure in the graph. We propose CogKR that traverses the knowledge graph to conduct multi-hop reasoning. More specifically, motivated by the dual process theory from cognitive science, our framework is composed of an extension module and a reasoning module. By setting up a cognitive graph through iteratively coordinating the two modules, CogKR can cope with more complex reasoning scenarios in the form of subgraphs instead of individual paths. Experiments on three knowledge graph reasoning benchmarks demonstrate that CogKR achieves significant improvements in accuracy compared with previous methods while providing the explainable capacity. Moreover, we evaluate CogKR on the challenging one-shot link prediction task, exhibiting the superiority of the framework on accuracy and scalability compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.
Application of COI Primers 30F/885R in Rotifers to Regional Species Diversity in (Sub)Tropical China

Rotifers are the most diverse group in freshwater zooplankton and play an important role in food webs and ecosystems. DNA barcoding has become a useful approach to investigate species diversity at local and regional scales, but its application is still limited by efficient primers for the group. To test a pair of primers 30F/885R recently designed for rotifers, we applied them to investigating regional species diversity in the freshwater of South China. We sequenced the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of rotifers collected from the investigated 23 reservoirs in a large river basin and obtained 145 COI sequences from 33 species in 14 genera. The mean PCR success rate for all tested species was 50%. The 145 sequenced mtCOI in this study covered 33 of 64 identified morphological taxa, including most of the common species in the basin. The intraspecific genetic distance was calculated with a K2P model for 24 rotifer species occurring in the quantitative samples, in which 15 rotifers, such as Keratella cochlearis and Brachionus calyciflorus, had a genetic distance higher than 5%. The high intraspecific genetic differentiation indicates that cryptic species are probably common in (sub)tropical China.
Determination of the Polar Compounds in Vegetable Oil by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight-Mass Spectrometry with Chemometrics

Abstract High-throughput ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was combined with chemometric tools for the rapid determination of polar components in camellia oil, rapeseed oil, and waste cooking oil. The results were analyzed by two unsupervised methods: principal component analysis (one-way ANOVA, p<.05) and volcano plot analysis (p<.05, fold change ≥2) and supervised method: partial least squares discriminant analysis. The results showed that the oils were correctly classified based on their polar components. The first three principal components reflected most detail with a cumulative contribution rate of 84.67% using principal component analysis. The prediction accuracy was close to 100% using partial least squares discriminant analysis. Nineteen components were screened by principal component analysis; twelve were preliminary identified as palmitamide, phytosphingosine, eicosasphinganine, 1-monopalmitin, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monostearate, 1α-hydroxyvitamin D2, 1-linoleoyl glycerol, oleamide, sphinganine, stearamide, and linoleic acid. The proposed method may be applied to effectively and accurately authenticate edible oils.
ANTITUMOUR ACTIVITY OF MESO-ZEAXANTHIN AND ITS MECHANISM OF ACTION

Objective: To evaluate the antitumour activity of meso-zeaxanthin and enumerate the mechanism of action. Methods: In vitro cytotoxicity was determined using transformed cells such as Dalton’s lymphoma ascites tumour cells, Ehrlich ascites tumour cells, L929 cells as well as using normal cells. Tumour reduction was determined by ascites tumour formation and solid tumour reduction. Mechanism of tumour reduction was determined by inhibition of apoptosis as seen by morphology, DNA ladder fraction and induction of P53 and caspase gene and inhibition of BCl2 Results: Carotenoid meso-zeaxanthin was found to be toxic to Dalton’s Lymphoma ascites cells, Ehrlich ascites tumour cells and L929 cells (IC gene. 50, 46, 51 and 37 μg/ml respectively) and was not cytotoxic to normal cells. Meso-zeaxanthin increased the lifespan of animals bearing Ehrlich ascites tumour (69.9%) and decreased the solid tumour induced by Dalton’s Lymphoma ascites tumour. Meso-zeaxanthin was found to induce apoptosis to DLA cells as seen from DNA Lymphoma ascites tumour. Meso-zeaxanthin was found to induce apoptosis to DLA cells as seen from DNA fragmentation, and DNA laddering and up regulation of P [53] and caspase 3 and 9 down regulation of BCl2 Conclusion: Meso-zeaxanthin which is non-toxic was found to reduce animal tumours. gene expression.
Co‐occurrence of California Drought and Northeast Pacific Marine Heatwaves Under Climate Change

Motivated by the uncommon yet highly impactful co‐occurrence of California (CA) drought and a northeast Pacific (NEP) marine heatwave (MHW) during 2013–2016, we examined such compound extremes in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 projections, comparing the end of the 21st century with the preindustrial period, and separating effects of long‐term trends from interannual variability. Here, we show that long‐term trends due to anthropogenic climate change will dramatically increase the co‐occurrence of extreme dry CA and warm NEP conditions. When trends are removed, the co‐occurrence of CA drought and Gulf of Alaska (GOA) MHW will increase while the co‐occurrence of CA drought and California Current (CC) MHW remains unchanged. A stronger link between GOA MHW and subsequent CC MHW as well as decreased persistence in CA drought are also projected under anthropogenic warming. These frequency changes are consistent with shifts in distributions of sea surface temperature and soil moisture anomalies associated with individual extremes.
Growth of Aitken mode ammonium sulfate particles by α-pinene ozonolysis

Abstract The fraction of Aitken mode particles that grow sufficiently large to act as cloud condensation nuclei is an important factor in understanding the climate impact of atmospheric particles. Elucidating the rate of particle growth in this size range requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which these particles grow. Here, a flow tube reactor is described, characterized and then used to study growth of ammonium sulfate seed particles in the Aitken mode size range by α-pinene ozonolysis under dry conditions (10% RH). When size-selected particles starting at 40, 60, or 80 nm diameter were exposed to α-pinene (11 ppbv) and ozone (five separate mixing ratios between 30 and 250 ppbv), particle growth was found to depend on the amount of α-pinene reacted and the condensation sink, but not directly dependent on the initial seed particle diameter. The observed dependencies are consistent with a condensational growth mechanism, which is not surprising since the dry conditions of the experiment minimized the probability of multiphase chemistry within the seed particles. Combining the measured particle growth with a kinetic model gave a molar yield of 13% for condensable organic molecules produced by the ozonolysis reaction. This value is somewhat higher than previously reported molar yields of highly oxidized molecules (HOMs) measured in the gas phase with chemical ionization mass spectrometry, which are in the 3–7% range. The relationship between molar yields determined from gas phase and particle phase measurements is discussed. Copyright © 2019 American Association for Aerosol Research
In vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics of diets with crambe cake protein replacing soybean meal protein by gas production technique

The objective of this study was to evaluate ingredients and diets containing increasing levels of crambe cake protein replacing soybean meal protein, with in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters using a gas production technique. Diets were formulated for feedlot lambs and contained different levels of crambe cake protein (0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 g kg-1) replacing soybean meal protein. Corn silage was used as roughage. Carbohydrate digestion rates were estimated using the in vitro gas production technique and the cumulative gas production kinetics were analyzed using the bicompartmental logistic model. The parameters values of ruminal degradation kinetics were generated using the R statistical program with the Gauss-Newton algorithm and then subjected to analysis of variance and regression (when necessary) according to a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and five replications. Upon carbohydrate fractionation of ingredients and experimental diets, it was observed that corn grain and corn silage presented the highest levels of total carbohydrates (TC), with values of 128.3 and 464.8 g kg-1 dry matter (DM) in fraction B2, respectively. Lower TC content was found for soybean meal and crambe cake (CC). There was a predominance of fractions A + B1 in the ingredients and experimental diets. The B2 fraction decreased in the diets with the inclusion of the CC protein, and CC presented the highest C fraction. Protein fractionation (g kg-1 DM and g kg-1 crude protein - CP), the ingredients and diets showed a higher proportion of fractions A and B1 + B2. In in vitro degradation, the diet without CC (0 g kg-1 DM) showed the highest final cumulative gas production (365.04 mL g-1 of incubated DM), while the CC presented the lowest volume (166.68 mL g-1 of incubated DM). The gas volume of non-fibrous carbohydrate fermentation and fibrous carbohydrate degradation rate exhibited a quadratic effect according increasing levels of CC (Pmax = 265.8 g kg-1 DM and Pmin = 376.3 g kg-1 DM, respectively). The lag time and final gas volume showed a decreasing linear effect with increasing levels of CC protein. The degradation rate of non-fibrous carbohydrates and the final volume of fibrous carbohydrates did not differ. Replacing soybean meal protein with CC protein at the level of 250 g kg-1 of dry matter in diets formulated for feedlot lambs leads to good profiles of ruminal fermentation kinetics with respect to the degradation of fibrous and non-fibrous carbohydrates.
Adsorption Separation of Nickel from Wastewater by using Olive Stones

In this study, the adsorption potential of activated carbon olive stone for removal of Ni(II) ions from wastewater has been investigated. The study involves batch type experiments to investigate the effect of initial concentration, adsorbent dose, agitation speed, contact time, temperature and pH of solution on adsorption process and the optimum conditions were evaluated. The adsorption process has fit pseudo-second order kinetic models. Langmuir and Freundlichadsorption isotherm models were applied to analyze adsorption data and both were found to be applicable to this adsorption process. Thermodynamic parameters, e.g., ΔGo, ΔSo and ΔHo of the on-going adsorption process have also been calculated and the sorption process was found to be endothermic. Finally, it can be seen that activated carbon olive stone was found to be more effective for the removal of Ni(II) from waste water than any adsorbent was used.
Arctic sea ice motion change and response to atmospheric forcing between 1979 and 2019

Quantification of the spatial variability and long‐term changes of Arctic sea ice motion is important for understanding the mechanisms of rapid Arctic sea ice decline because sea ice motion determines ice mass advection, outflow, thickness redistribution, as well as the formation of leads and ridges associated with ice deformation. The spatiotemporal changes in Arctic sea ice motion between 1979 and 2019 and their responses to atmospheric forcing were analysed using satellite‐derived sea ice motion products and atmospheric reanalysis data. The pan‐Arctic average sea ice drift speed increased significantly for all seasons between 1979 and 2019 (p < .001). Rates of increase were higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. Spatially, rates of increase in the peripheral seas in the Pacific sector—the Beaufort, Chukchi and East Siberian Seas—were higher than in the central Arctic Ocean and the peripheral seas in the Atlantic sector—the Kara and Laptev Seas. On the contrary, Arctic wind speed increased significantly only in autumn (p < .01). However, the correlation between wind speed and ice speed was the lowest in this season, suggesting that wind forcing is unable to completely account for drift speed increase. In general, the trends in above‐average drift speeds—retrieved from grid cells with the relatively high drift speeds—were statistically significant and were larger than that in average drift speeds probably because of enhanced response of ice motion to extreme wind forcing. The influence of the Arctic Oscillation, Beaufort High, and North Atlantic Oscillation on the zonal ice speed was symmetrical between the Pacific and Atlantic sectors of the Arctic Ocean, while the influence of the Dipole Anomaly and the east–west surface air pressure gradient in central Arctic on the meridional ice speed was distributed in an annular pattern and was the strongest along the Transpolar Drift Stream.
Factors Associated to Return to Sport after Surgical Repair of Achilles Tendon Ruptures. A Clinical and Functional Retrospective Study

Background. The factors that influence a successful return sport following Achilles tendon rupture repair have not been identified. Furthermore, the extent of heel-rise height index (HRHI) and Achilles tendon resting angle (ATRA) as indicators of Achilles tendon function recovery are unclear. Methods. We included 94 subjects who underwent a first unilateral Achilles tendon repair between 2017 and 2019, and returned to sports 9 months after surgery. Preoperative activity was set at 100 points, and subjects were classified into two groups with ≥ 80 points and < 80 points. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. The cutoff value of the extracted factors was also calculated. Dependent variables were patient background, extent of heel-rise height index (HRHI), and Achilles tendon resting angle (ATRA) for the unaffected side. Results. HRHI was only extracted as an influencing factor (odds ratio, 1.104). , with a cutoff value of 89.5%. The ATRA required for this HRHI was 72.4% as the cutoff value calculated. Conclusions. After Achilles tendon repair, the HRHI required for good sports activity. The HRHI was about 90%, ATRA required was 70% or more. It is necessary to prevent Achilles tendon elongation after surgery. to sports; Achilles tendon resting angle (ATRA); heel-rise (HRHI);
Real‐Time Characterization of Aerosol Compositions, Sources, and Aging Processes in Guangzhou During PRIDE‐GBA 2018 Campaign

To investigate the chemical compositions, sources, and aging processes of submicron particles (PM1), a comprehensive field campaign was conducted in Guangzhou urban area of China during the autumn (October–November) of 2018. The average mass concentration of PM1 was 35.6 ± 20.8 µg m−3, which was mainly contributed by organic aerosols (OA, 42%), then followed by sulfate (25%) and inorganic nitrate (11%). The inorganic nitrate was found to be the main driving component (up to ∼50%) to account for the fast increase of PM1 during the polluted periods of Guangzhou autumn. The promotion effects of sulfate, aerosol liquid water content, and particles acidity on nitrate formation were systematically discussed. Source apportionment results showed 72% of OA in Guangzhou autumn was contributed by secondary OA (SOA), and 28% of primary OA (POA), including vehicle emission related hydrocarbon‐like OA (HOA, 16%), nitrogen‐containing OA (NOA, 3%) and cooking OA (COA, 8%). To explore the aging processes of OA, the dynamic variations of OA and its oxidation level as a function of ambient photochemical age are shown. Using an in situ field‐deployed oxidation flow reactor, the heterogeneous reaction rate coefficients of ambient POA with OH radicals ( kOH ) were estimated to be 4.0–5.4 × 10−13 cm3 molecules−1 s−1, which is equivalent to a lifetime of POA >2 weeks. The long heterogeneous lifetime of POA supports gas phase oxidation was the major pathway for ambient OA aging. The OH uptake coefficient ( γOH ) was estimated to be 0.76–0.84, underlining that OH radicals can be taken up efficiently on ambient aerosols.
Party competition over EU integration: asymmetrical impacts of external shocks across regions?

Abstract Using Voting Advice Application (VAA) data from the EU Profiler/euandi Trend File, we studied how parties’ positions towards European integration relate to their positions on other important issues, and how this varies across EP elections, and between European regions. We hypothesized that the association between parties’ EU-integration positions and their positions on other issues was affected by the three major crises that hit the European Union (EU) between 2009 and 2019: the economic, migration, and climate crises. Additionally, we hypothesized that the economic and migration crises asymmetrically affected the association between cultural and economic issues on the one hand and the EU dimension on the other across the EU’s three macro regions (NWE, SE, and CEE). Our results show that neither the economic crisis nor the migration crisis or the climate crisis had an EU-wide impact on how European integration relates to other issue dimensions. As we hypothesized, economic issues were particularly strongly linked to EU-integration positions in SE in 2014, but our results additionally indicated that the longstanding interpretation of EU integration as a mainly economic issue in SE diminished after the start of the migration crisis. Finally, EU integration became related to immigration issues in CEE while this is not the case in the other regions. The main takeaway is that EU integration is interpreted differently by parties across the EU, which is important to recognize for parties that seek to work together in transnational party groups, and for scholars that aim to understand EU policy making.
Solvent-free N-alkylation of 1,3,5-triaza-7: phospha-adamantane (PTA)

Abstract 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane was alkylated under solvent-free conditions with CH3I, CH3-(CH2)3-Br, Br-(CH2)4-Br, OH-CH2-CH2Br, and CH3CH2OOCCH2Br in a planetary ball mill with yields over 90%. Due to spontaneous resolution, both 1-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-3,5-diaza-1-azonia-3,5-diaza-7-phosphaadamantane bromide (4) and (4-bromobutyl)-1-azonia-3,5-diaza-7-phosphaadamantane bromide (5) were obtained in the solid state as conglomerates of enantiomorphic crystals. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Inhibition of Polo-like Kinase 1 Prevents the Male Pronuclear Formation Via Alpha-tubulin Recruiting in In Vivo-fertilized Murine Embryos

Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) has been known to be a critical element in cell division including centrosome maturation, cytokinesis and spindle formation in somatic, cancer, and mammalian embryonic cells. In particular, Plk1 is highly expressed in cancer cells. Plk1 inhibitors, such as BI2536, have been widely used to prevent cell division as an anticancer drug. In this study, the fertilized murine oocytes were treated with BI2536 for 30 min after recovery from the oviduct to investigate the effect of down-regulation of Plk1 in the in vivo-fertilized murine embryos. Then, the localization and expression of Plk1 was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The sperm which had entered into the oocyte cytoplasm did not form male pronuclei in BI2536-treated oocytes. The BI2536-treated oocytes showed significantly lower expression of Plk1 than non-treated control group. In addition, alpha-tubulin and Plk1 gathered around sperm head in non-treated oocytes, while BI2536-treated oocytes did not show this phenomenon. The present study demonstrates that the Plk1 inhibitor, BI2536, hinders fertilization by inhibiting the formation of murine male pronucleus
Use of grape seed extract as a natural antioxidant additive in dry-cured pork neck technology

The grape seeds, which are the post-production waste of juices and wine production, are a rich source of biologically active compounds. The polyphenol compounds present in seeds can be used in the technology of new products of animal origin as a source of natural antioxidants. The effect of three levels (0.1, 0.2 and 0.5%) 40% (v/v) ethanol extract of grape seed (GSE) quality of dry-cured pork neck was tested. Meat product colour, pH value, water activity, free fatty acid (FFA) content and TBARS index were evaluated. The obtained results indicate that the addition of the extract decreased oxidation intensity dry-cured neck during ripening. The treatment with higher concentrations of extracts showed greater lipid stability than that of the lot with 0.1%. The three levels of GSE extract did not influence pH, water activity and colour significantly. This study indicates that the GSE extract was an effective inhibitor of lipid hydrolysis, and at an additive concentration of at least 0.2% limited the oxidative processes occurring in meats during ripening. Therefore, it may be used in dry-cured pork neck to improve the oxidative stability of meat products for the consumers.
Correlation-Aware Attention Branch Network Using Multi-Modal Data For Deterioration Level Estimation Of Infrastructures

This paper presents a correlation-aware attention branch network (CorABN) using multi-modal data for deterioration level estimation of infrastructures. CorABN can collaboratively use visual features from distress images and text features from text data recorded at the inspection to improve the estimation performance of deterioration levels. Specifically, by maximizing correlation between the visual and text features that provide useful information for the deterioration level estimation, a correlation-aware attention map can be generated. Besides, the text features are also utilized in the final estimation along with visual features improved by the attention mechanism to achieve higher estimation performance. With the losses based on both the estimation performance and the correlation, CorABN can train the entire model in an end-to-end manner. Experiments using distress images and their corresponding text data show the effectiveness of the proposed method.