Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrical characterization of heterostructure lasers

An improved phenomenological model of the electrical and optical characteristics of semiconductor heterostructure injection lasers is analyzed with emphasis on the nonlasing‐to‐lasing phase transition. The model includes both radiative and nonradiative carrier recombination, as well as electron‐photon coupling. Recently developed approximations of the Fermi‐Dirac integral are used, and they allow closed‐form solutions of the electron and photon rate equations to be obtained—even though the carrier populations are highly degenerate near lasing threshold. Because of the detailed information which harmonic‐voltage amplitudes provide, calculation of the functional forms of the voltage derivatives of the devices is emphasized, and expressions for the height and width of the second‐derivative peak, and for the slope at threshold of the first derivative, are obtained. The effects of carrier degeneracy and of nonradiative recombination are explicitly displayed, and both are found to be important in modifying the .
Duality in percolation via outermost boundaries I: Bond Percolation

Tile (\mathbb{R}^2\) into disjoint unit squares (\{S_k\}_{k \geq 0}\) with the origin being the centre of \(S_0\) and say that (S_i\) and (S_j\) are star adjacent if they share a corner and plus adjacent if they share an edge. Every square is either vacant or occupied. Outermost boundaries of finite star and plus connected components frequently arise in the context of contour analysis in percolation and random graphs. In this paper, we derive the outermost boundaries for finite star and plus connected components using a piecewise cycle merging algorithm. For plus connected components, the outermost boundary is a single cycle and for star connected components, we obtain that the outermost boundary is a connected union of cycles with mutually disjoint interiors. As an application, we use the outermost boundaries to give an alternate proof of mutual exclusivity of left right and top bottom crossings in oriented and unoriented bond percolation.
Magnesium, iron and calcium in the z=0.39498 21 centimeter absorber of PKS 1229-021.

Les observations des raies FeII, MgI, MgII et CaII dans le spectre de PKS 1229-021 a z=0,39498, faites avec le Telescope Multi Miroir, confirment des deductions anterieures relatives a la structure de l'absorbeur qui etaient basees sur l'analyse des courbes de croissance des donnees optiques et sur la largeur du profil de la raie d'absorption a 21 cm. Sur la ligne de visee du GSO (z cm ∼1,042) on rencontre a la fois le disque et le halo d'une galaxie
Symmetric solutions for a partial differential elliptic equation that arises in stochastic production planning with production constraints

In this article we consider the question of the existence of positive symmetric solutions to the problems of the following type $\Delta u=a\left( \left\vert x\right\vert \right) h\left( u\right) +b\left( \left\vert x\right\vert \right) g\left( u\right) $ for $x\in \mathbb{R}^{N}$, which are called entire large solutions. Here $N\geq 3$, and we assume that $a$ and $b$ are nonnegative continuous spherically symmetric functions on $\mathbb{R}% ^{N} $. We extend results previously obtained for special cases of $h$ and $% g $ and we will describe a real-world model in which such problems may arise.
Unravelling the Complex Relationship between Diet and Nephrolithiasis: The Role of Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics

Nephrolithiasis is an increasingly prevalent condition, especially in high income countries, and is associated with high morbidity. Extraordinary progress in genetics made the identification of genetic forms of nephrolithiasis possible. These genetic diseases are usually rare and do not account for the most common forms of nephrolithiasis that are the result of several factors such as environment, dietary habits, and predisposing genes. This knowledge has shaped what we classify as nephrolithiasis, a condition that is now recognized as systemic. How and to what extent all these factors interact with one another and end in kidney stone formation, growth, and recurrence is not completely understood. Two new research fields have recently been trying to give some answers: nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. These fields have the aim of understanding the intricate diet/genome interface that influences gene expression regulation mainly through epigenetic mechanisms and results in specific medical conditions such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases. Epigenetics seems to play a crucial role and could represent the link between environmental factors, that we are constantly exposed to, and risk factors for nephrolithiasis. In this systematic review, we summarize all the available evidence of proven or hypothesized epigenetic mechanisms related to nephrolithiasis.
Evaluation of cardiovascular disease risk factors, inflammatory markers and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with hemophilia

Aim: To assess and compare the risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) between patients with hemophilia (PwH) and healthy controls in a single center cohort in Turkey. Material and Methods: Anthropometric parameters including height, weight, and body mass index were recorded. Fasting glucose, HbA1c, high sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin, lipid parameters (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides) were assessed. International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) measurements were performed. The data from PwH (n=80) and healthy controls (n=36) were compared. Independent associates of CIMT value were analyzed. Results: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and smoking frequencies were remarkable in PwH. Family history of CVD was significantly more frequent ( p=0.005) and when considered with IPAQ scores; PwH was much more sedentary than controls (p<0.001). Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol were significantly higher in the control group (p =0.003,=0.003) while hs-CRP levels were higher in PwH (p=0.009). Age and IPAQ score were significant independent predictors of CIMT (p=0.004 and 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: As a result of aging; PwH exposure to the same CVD risk factors as the general population. Screening for CVD risk factors in PwH other than hemophilia evaluation will be essential.
An Explicit Manin-Dem’janenko Theorem in Elliptic Curves

Abstract Let $c$ be a curve of genus at least 2 embedded in ${{E}_{1}}\,\times \,. \,. \,. \,\times \,{{E}_{N}}$ , where the ${{\text{E}}_{i}}$ are elliptic curves for $i\,=\,1,\,. \,. \,. \,,\,N$ . In this article we give an explicit sharp bound for the Néron–Tate height of the points of $c$ contained in the union of all algebraic subgroups of dimension $<\,\max ({{r}_{C}}\,-{{t}_{C}},\,{{t}_{C}})$ , where ${{t}_{C}}(\text{resp}\text{.}{{r}_{C}})$ is the minimal dimension of a translate (resp. of a torsion variety) containing $c$ . As a corollary, we give an explicit bound for the height of the rational points of special curves, proving new cases of the explicit Mordell Conjecture and in particular making explicit (and slightly more general in the CM case) the Manin–Dem’janenko method for curves in products of elliptic curves.
A Variational Analysis of a Gauged Nonlinear Schr\"odinger Equation

This paper is motivated by a gauged Schr\"odinger equation in dimension 2 including the so-called Chern-Simons term. The study of radial stationary states leads to the nonlocal problem: $$ - \Delta u(x) + \left(\omega + \frac{h^2(|x|)}{|x|^2} + \int_{|x|}^{+\infty} \frac{h(s)}{s} u^2(s)\, ds \right) u(x) = |u(x)|^{p-1}u(x), $$ where $$ h(r)= \frac{1}{2}\int_0^{r} s u^2(s) \, ds. $$ This problem is the Euler-Lagrange equation of a certain energy functional. In this paper the study of the global behavior of such functional is completed. We show that for $p\in(1,3)$, the functional may be bounded from below or not, depending on $\omega $. Quite surprisingly, the threshold value for $\omega $ is explicit. From this study we prove existence and non-existence of positive solutions.
Rigidity of quasisymmetric mappings on self-affine carpets

We show that the class of quasisymmetric maps between horizontal self-affine carpets is rigid. Such maps can only exist when the dimensions of the carpets coincide, and in this case, the quasisymmetric maps are quasi-Lipschitz. We also show that horizontal self-affine carpets are minimal for the conformal Assouad dimension.
𝑛-torsion clean rings

Let n be an arbitrary natural number. The class of (strongly) n-torsion clean rings is introduced and investigated. Abelian n-torsion clean rings are somewhat characterized and a complete characterization of strongly n-torsion clean rings is given in the case when n is odd. Some open questions are posed at the end.
Neoclassical current in a toroidally‐confined multispecies plasma

The parallel currents in a toroidally‐confined plasma is shown to consist of the current in response to the parallel electric field, the Pfirsch–Schluter current which is required by charge neutrality, and the bootstrap current which flows to maintain a balance between the viscous and friction forces along the magnetic field. The steady state momentum equation is used to obtain an Ohm’s law relating the neoclassical current to the cross‐field fluxes of particles and heat in a multiple ion species plasma. It is found that the presence of impurities does not alter the magnitude of the bootstrap current. Thus, the neoclassical beta limit established by the bootstrap current is insensitive to the impurity content of the plasma. The magnitudes of the bootstrap current and conjugate Ware fluxes are calculated in the transition from the long mean‐free‐path to collisional regime.
ROUQUIER’S CONJECTURE AND DIAGRAMMATIC ALGEBRA

We prove a conjecture of Rouquier relating the decomposition numbers in category ${\mathcal{O}}$ for a cyclotomic rational Cherednik algebra to Uglov’s canonical basis of a higher level Fock space. Independent proofs of this conjecture have also recently been given by Rouquier, Shan, Varagnolo and Vasserot and by Losev, using different methods. Our approach is to develop two diagrammatic models for this category ${\mathcal{O}}$ ; while inspired by geometry, these are purely diagrammatic algebras, which we believe are of some intrinsic interest. In particular, we can quite explicitly describe the representations of the Hecke algebra that are hit by projectives under the $\mathsf{KZ}$ -functor from the Cherednik category ${\mathcal{O}}$ in this case, with an explicit basis. This algebra has a number of beautiful structures including categorifications of many aspects of Fock space. It can be understood quite explicitly using a homogeneous cellular basis which generalizes such a basis given by Hu and Mathas for cyclotomic KLR algebras. Thus, we can transfer results proven in this diagrammatic formalism to category ${\mathcal{O}}$ for a cyclotomic rational Cherednik algebra, including the connection of decomposition numbers to canonical bases mentioned above, and an action of the affine braid group by derived equivalences between different blocks.
Algebraic monodromy groups of l-adic
representations of Gal(ℚ∕ℚ)

A connected reductive algebraic group $G$ is said to be an $l$-adic algebraic monodromy group for $\mathrm{Gal}({\overline{\mathbb Q}}/{\mathbb Q})$ if there is a continuous homomorphism $$\mathrm{Gal}({\overline{\mathbb Q}}/{\mathbb Q}) \to G(\overline{\mathbb Q}_l)$$ with Zariski-dense image. In this paper, we give a classification of connected $l$-adic algebraic monodromy groups for $\mathrm{Gal}({\overline{\mathbb Q}}/{\mathbb Q})$, in particular producing the first such examples for $\mathrm{SL}_n, \mathrm{Sp}_{2n}, \mathrm{Spin}_n$ and $E_6^{sc}$. To do this, we start with a mod-$l$ representation of $\mathrm{Gal}({\overline{\mathbb Q}}/{\mathbb Q})$ related to the Weyl group of $G$ and use a variation of Stefan Patrikis' generalization of a method of Ravi Ramakrishna to deform it to characteristic zero.
Immunohistochemical characterization of Sertoli cell tumour in an adult bull

The present study reports a case of Sertoli cell tumour and its immunohistochemical characterization using pancytokeratin, vimentin and p53 in an adult bull. A six and a half years old bull was presented in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Sciences of the University with the history of gradual enlargement of both testes since last one and a half years. Grossly, both testes appeared hard and firm. Microscopically, haematoxylin and eosin stained tissue sections revealed neoplastic Sertoli cells arranged in groups as islands/broad sheets separated by connective tissue stroma. Neoplastic cells showed indistinct cytoplasmic boundary, cytoplasmic vacuolation and enlarged pleomorphic hyperchromatic nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Neoplastic cells were positive for p53 and vimentin and negative for pancytokeratin. Moderate to strong p53 nuclear immunoreactivity was noticed in most of the neoplastic cells indicating role of p53 tumour suppressor gene in tumourogenesis. Vimentin immunopositivity was observed in cytoplasm of neoplastic cells but no immunoreactivity for pancytokeratin was noticed. The application of pancytokeratin and vimentin antibodies in present case provided important information for differential diagnosis between Sertoli cell tumour and seminoma.
Assessing Physicians’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards Breaking Bad News: A Multicenter Study in Egypt

Background: Breaking bad news (BBN) is challenging for patients and physicians. Physicians are usually poorly trained or untrained at all in BBN despite the existence of consensus protocols for BBN. Objective: This study aimed to assess physicians' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding SPIKES protocol for BBN. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional multicenter study carried out on 395 physicians of different specialties and workplaces in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire consisting of three sections of questions about physicians: the background characteristics questions, questions assessing their knowledge regarding BBN, and questions assessing their attitude regarding SPIKES protocol for BBN. The attitude was assessed using the BBN attitude scale (BBNAS). Results: Only 24% of physicians ever received training on BBN and 10% knew about SPIKES protocol. Bad experience after BBN was reported by 52% of physicians. Most (75%) physicians preferred BBN to the patient’s family rather than the patient. Physicians’ agreement level with the SPIKES strategy was very high (91.8%). Agreement to the SPIKES protocol steps was statistically significantly higher among men, younger and older age groups (≤ 30 and > 40 years of age) physicians, psychologists and oncologists, and those who received previous training on BBN. Conclusion: The majority of physicians highly agreed with the SPIKES strategy for BBN, but they lacked essential knowledge for BBN. Specific training and standardized protocols in this regard deem to be necessary during medical school study and continuous professional development.
Infrared dust and millimeter-wave carbon monoxide emission in the Orion region

The far-infrared dust emission seen by the IRAS satellite in the Orion region is analyzed as a function of the local radiation field intensity, and the dust temperature and opacity are compared with (C-12)O and (C-13)O emission. The infrared radiation is interpreted within the framework of a single-component large grain model and a multicomponent grain model consisting of subpopulations of grains with size-dependent temperatures. A strong dependence of the 100-micron optical depth derived is found using the large grain model on the average line-of-sight dust temperature and radiation field. In the hot environment surrounding high-luminosity sources and H II regions, all dust along the line-of-sight radiates at 100 microns, and the dust-to-gas ratio, based on the 100-micron opacity and I(/C-13/O), appears to be in agreement with the standard value, about 1 percent by mass. A relationship is found between the inferred dust-to-gas ratio and the radiation field intensity responsible for heating the dust which can be used to estimate the gas column density from the dust opacity derived from the 60- and 100-micron IRAS fluxes.
Exponents of diophantine approximation in dimension $2$ for numbers of Sturmian type

We generalize the construction of Roy’s Fibonacci type numbers to the case of a Sturmian recurrence and we determine the classical exponents of approximation ω 2 ( ξ ), b ω 2 ( ξ ), λ 2 ( ξ ), b λ 2 ( ξ ) associated with these real numbers. This also extends similar results established by Bugeaud and Laurent in the case of Sturmian continued fractions. More generally we provide an almost complete description of the combined graph of parametric successive minima functions deﬁned by Schmidt and Summerer in dimension two for such Sturmian type numbers. As a side result we obtain new information on the joint spectra of the above exponents as well as a new family of numbers for which it is possible to construct the sequence of the best rational approximations.
Convective flows in rapidly rotating spheres and their dynamo action

The present understanding of convection in rotating spherical fluid shells is reviewed and some recent results on coherent structures and magnetic field generation are considered in detail. The constraints exerted by the Coriolis force leads to unusual properties not found in nonrotating systems, such as vacillations, localized convection, and chaotic relaxation oscillations. The central role played by the differential rotation generated by the Reynolds stress of convection in the case of Prandtl numbers of the order unity or less is emphasized. Magnetic fields generated through the dynamo process offer new degrees of freedom. Through the braking of the differential rotation the Lorentz force contributes to an enhanced heat transport.
MYCOFLORA AND AFLATOXINS STATUS OF SOME SPICES AND HERBS COMMONLY CONSUMED IN TAIZ GOVERNORATE, REPUBLIC OF YEMEN

: The present work was carried out on 105 samples representing 21 kinds of spices (5 samples each) commonly consumed in Taiz city, Yemen. Ajawan, black cumin, coriander, cumin, fenugreek, ginger, laurel and thyme were highly polluted. cress, nutmeg and red pepper moderately contaminated by mould and yeasts. On the other hand, anise, black pepper, cinnamon, linseed and safflower were less contaminated by moulds and yeasts. Clove samples were free from mould and yeasts. The mycological survey of the different spices revealed that they were heavily contaminated with mould and yeasts, where about 91.42 % of the samples examined were contaminated with fungi. Ninety-one species and two varieties appertaining to 25 genera were isolated. Aspergillus , Rhizopus and Penicillium species contributed the broadest spectra of species. Aspergillus was the most prevalent genus, it occurred in 90.5 % of the samples constituting 65.1 % of total fungal count. Among fungi recovered in these work, 14 species were new records in Yemen. The results proved the presence of aflatoxin B 1 in seven samples while the rest 14 tested samples were free from any detectable amount of aflatoxins.
Elliptic curves with good reduction away from 2: II

In this paper we continue the study of elliptic curves defined over a quadratic field with good reduction at primes not dividing 2 begun in [9] (referred to as I). We extend the results of I to show that such a curve must have a point of order 2 also defined over when d = −7, −3, −2, −1, 2, 3 or 5 and list all such curves over .
Circulant preconditioning in the volume integral equation method for silicon photonics.

Recently, the volume integral equation (VIE) approach has been proposed as an efficient simulation tool for silicon photonics applications [J. Lightw. Technol.36, 3765 (2018)JLTEDG0733-872410.1109/JLT.2018. 2842054]. However, for the high-frequency and strong-contrast problems arising in photonics, the convergence of iterative solvers for the solution of the linear system can be extremely slow. The uniform discretization of the volume integral operator leads to a three-level Toeplitz matrix, which is well suited to preconditioning via its circulant approximation. In this paper, we describe an effective circulant preconditioning strategy based on the multilevel circulant preconditioner of Chan and Olkin [Numer. Algorithms6, 89 (1994)NUALEG1017-139810.1007/BF02149764]. We show that this approach proves ideal in the canonical photonics problem of propagation within a uniform waveguide, in which the flow is unidirectional. For more complex photonics structures, such as Bragg gratings, directional couplers, and disk resonators, we generalize our preconditioning strategy via geometrical partitioning (leading to a block-diagonal circulant preconditioner) and homogenization (for inhomogeneous structures). Finally, we introduce a novel memory reduction technique enabling the preconditioner's memory footprint to remain manageable, even for extremely long structures. The range of numerical results we present demonstrates that the preconditioned VIE is fast and has great utility for the numerical exploration of prototype photonics devices.
Stable) rationality is not deformation invariant

We prove the existence of a family $\mathcal{X}\rightarrow B$ of smooth projective fourfolds, such that the very general fiber $\mathcal{X}_t$ is not stably rational (a fortiori not rational), but some special fibers $\mathcal{X}_t$ are rational (a fortiori stably rational).
Heuristics for the multi‐resource generalized assignment problem

The well‐known generalized assignment problem (GAP) involves the identification of a minimum‐cost assignment of tasks to agents when each agent is constrained by a resource in limited supply. The multi‐resource generalized assignment problem (MRGAP) is the generalization of the GAP in which there are a number of different potentially constraining resources associated with each agent. This paper explores heuristic procedures for the MRGAP. We first define a three‐phase heuristic which seeks to construct a feasible solution to MRGAP and then systematically attempts to improve the solution. We then propose a modification of the heuristic for the MRGAP defined previously by Gavish and Pirkul. The third procedure is a hybrid heuristic that combines the first two heuristics, thus capturing their relative strengths. We discuss extensive computational experience with the heuristics. The hybrid procedure is seen to be extremely effective in solving MRGAPs, generating feasible solutions to more than 99% of the test problems and consistently producing near‐optimal solutions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 468–483, 2001
Concordance invariants of doubled knots and blowing up

Let $\nu$ be either the Ozsvath-Szabo $\tau$-invariant or the Rasmussen $s$-invariant, suitably normalized. For a knot $K$, Livingston and Naik defined the invariant $t_\nu(K)$ to be the minimum of $k$ for which $\nu$ of the $k$-twisted positive Whitehead double of $K$ vanishes. They proved that $t_\nu(K)$ is bounded above by $-TB(-K)$, where $TB$ is the maximal Thurston-Bennequin number. We use a blowing up process to find a crossing change formula and a new upper bound for $t_\nu$ in terms of the unknotting number. As an application, we present infinitely many knots $K$ such that the difference between Livingston-Naik's upper bound $-TB(-K)$ and $t_\nu(K)$ can be arbitrarily large.
Simplicity of Lyapunov spectrum for linear cocycles over non-uniformly hyperbolic systems

We prove that generic fiber-bunched and Hölder continuous linear cocycles over a non-uniformly hyperbolic system endowed with a $u$ -Gibbs measure have simple Lyapunov spectrum. This gives an affirmative answer to a conjecture proposed by Viana in the context of fiber-bunched linear cocycles.