Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Parameter Estimation and Filtering Using Sparse Modeling

Sparsity-based estimation techniques deal with the problem of retrieving a data vector from an undercomplete set of linear observations, when the data vector is known to have few nonzero elements with unknown positions. It is also known as the atomic decomposition problem, and has been carefully studied in the field of compressed sensing. Recent findings have led to a method called basis pursuit, also known as Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), as a numerically reliable sparsity-based approach. Although the atomic decomposition problem is generally NPhard, it has been shown that basis pursuit may provide exact solutions under certain assumptions. This has led to an extensive study of signals with sparse representation in different domains, providing a new general insight into signal processing. This thesis further investigates the role of sparsity-based techniques, especially basis pursuit, for solving parameter estimation problems. The relation between atomic decomposition and parameter estimation problems under a so-called separable model has also led to the application of basis pursuit to these problems. Although simulation results suggest a desirable trend in the behavior of parameter estimation by basis pursuit, a satisfactory analysis is still missing. The analysis of basis pursuit has been found difficult for several reasons, also related to its implementation. The role of the regularization parameter and discretization are common issues. Moreover, the analysis of estimates with a variable order, in this case, is not reducible to multiple fixed-order analysis. In addition to implementation and analysis, the Bayesian aspects of basis pursuit and combining prior information have not been thoroughly discussed in the context of parameter estimation. In the research presented in this thesis, we provide methods to overcome the above difficulties in implementing basis pursuit for parameter estimation. In particular, the regularization parameter selection problem and the so-called off-grid effect is addressed. We develop numerically stable algorithms to avoid discretization and study homotopy-based solutions for complex-valued problems. We use our continuous estimation algorithm, as a framework to analyze the basis pursuit. Moreover, we introduce finite set based mathematical tools to perform the analysis. Finally, we study the Bayesian aspects of basis pursuit. In particular, we introduce and study a recursive Bayesian filter for tracking the sparsity pattern in a variable
Analisis Kelayakan Teknis dan Ekonomis Teknologi Budidaya Bawang Merah dengan Benih Biji Botani dan Benih Umbi Tradisional

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan teknis dan ekonomis teknologi budidaya bawang merah menggunakan benih biji botani dibandingkan dengan benih umbi tradisional. Percobaan dilakukan di lahan petani di Brebes, ketinggian + 8 m dpl, dengan jenis tanah Aluvial, pH = 6,7, pada musim kemarau dari bulan April sampai dengan Agustus 2008. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang dicoba adalah 13 macam perlakuan, terdiri dari 10 perlakuan pengaturan kerapatan tanaman dari benih biji botani (TSS) varietas Tuk Tuk dan Hibrida dengan mengkombinasikan faktor jarak tanam, jumlah bibit ditanam per lubang, serta asal persemaian bibit, dan 3 perlakuan benih umbi menggunakan varietas lokal Bima Curut yang dibeli dari toko dan asal petani serta varietas impor Tanduyung yang dibeli dari toko sebagai pembanding. Analisis budget partial digunakan untuk menilai kelayakan ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan TSS layak secara teknis karena dapat meningkatkan hasil sampai 2 kali lipat dibanding penggunaan benih umbi tradisional dan layak secara ekonomis karena dapat meningkatkan pendapatan bersih antara 22-70 juta rupiah per ha dibanding benih umbi tradisional. Penggunaan TSS varietas Tuk Tuk yang memberikan tingkat has ABSTRACT. Basuki, R.S. 2009. Analysis of Technical and Economical Feasibility of Shallots Cultivation from True Shallot Seed and Traditional Bulb Seed. Experiment was conducted in farmer’s field in Brebes (altitude + 8 m asl, Aluvial soil type and pH = 6.7), from April to August 2008. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replications. The total of 13 treatments was applied, consisted of 10 treatments of plant population of TSS of Tuk Tuk and Hibrida varieties by combining plant spacing, number of seedling per hole, and source of seedling, and 3 control treatments of traditional bulb seed, i.e. local variety of Bima Curut bought from store and from farmer, and imported variety of Tanduyung. Budget partial analysis was used to measure the economical feasibility. Results of the research showed that the use of TSS was technically feasible because it increased the yield of shallots 2 times as compared to bulb seed, and economically feasible because it increased the net income from 22 to 70 million IDR/ha as compared to bulb seed. The highest yield and net income from TSS as compared to bulb seed was obtained by planting single seedling of TSS with population of 150 plants per m2.
Modification of UTAUT2 in assessing the use of E-Money in Surakarta

The globalization era has changed everything, including changing the order of the payment system in Indonesia. Currently e-money is growing rapidly in Indonesia, but it is not followed by the development of e-money users. E-money users in Indonesia are still considered low, this is because there are still many people who use cash. This study aims to measure people's interest in using e-money with the UTAUT 2 approach. The method used in this study is regression with the population of the Surakarta community with a sample of 102 respondents. The results showed that business expectations, hedonic motivation, price values and habits affect the interest in using e-money. Meanwhile, performance expectations, social factors and facilitating conditions have no effect on the interest in using e-money.
Australian General Practitioners’ Current Knowledge, Understanding, and Feelings Regarding Breast Density Information and Notification: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: There is a lack of evidence around Australian general practitioners’ (GPs) views of issues surrounding breast density. The current study aimed to quantitatively assess GPs’ current knowledge, understanding, and feelings around breast density information and notification. Methods: This study involved a cross-sectional survey using an online platform to collect quantitative data from Australian GPs. Survey data were analysed with descriptive statistics. Results: A total 60 responses from GPs were analysed. Most (n = 58; 97%) had heard or read about breast density and nearly 90% (n = 52; 87%) have had discussions about breast density with patients. Three-quarters (n = 45; 75%) were supportive of making breast density notification mandatory for patients with dense tissue and a similar proportion (n = 45/58; 78%) felt they need or want more education on breast density. Conclusions: There is strong support for notifying patients of breast density, and interest in further education and training among the surveyed GPs. As GPs play a central role in cancer prevention and control, their involvement in discussions related to breast density notification, evaluation and appraisal of evidence, development of communication strategies, and participation in ongoing research on the topic will be indispensable.
The Hazards of Tramadol on the Liver Structure of Adult Male Albino Rats and the Possible Protective Role of N-acetylcysteine: Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

Background: Tramadol administration is associated with hepatic congestion, apoptosis and induces oxidative damage in tissues. The thiol group in N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) interacts directly with reactive oxygen species leading to cellular protection against such damage. Aim of Work: The present study was designed to highlight the hazards of tramadol (TR) on liver structure of adult male albino rat and the efficacy of NAC on the histological structure, liver functions for protection against such possible induced hazards. Materials and Methods: Forty male albino rats were used. Rats were divided into four groups with 10 rats per each group. Control group received normal saline 2ml/day orally by gavage for 30 days. NAC-treated group received 150 mg/kg/day of NAC dissolved in normal saline by oral gavage for 30 days. TR- treated group received TR 40mg/kg/day dissolved in normal saline by oral gavage for 30 days. TR + NAC group were administered TR and NAC in similar doses as in TR and NAC groups' respectively for 30 days. The livers were removed and processed for light microscopic examination and different biochemical markers in addition to immunohistochemical examination of both Bax and 8- hydroxyl-2-deoxy guanosine (8-OHDG). Results: The TR- treated group revealed disrupted arrangement of the hepatic cords together with congestion of central vein and mononuclear perivascular infiltration. Most of the hepatocytes showed necrosis and apoptotic hepatocytes with bile duct duplication. There were diffuse fibrous tissue formation and a significant increase in the number of Bax and 8-OHdG positive cells. As regard to liver functions, there were highly significant elevations of serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin and reduction of serum albumin. As regard to the antioxidant enzymes, there was an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) in the liver tissues. In contrast with TR+NAC group where liver parenchyma restored its uniform architecture with minimal collagen fibers, significant reductions in the number of Bax and 8-OHdG positive cells. Liver functions and antioxidant enzymes level nearly restored its normal values. Conclusion: The TR is suggested to have hepatotoxic effect and NAC might have protective effects against such induced hepatotoxicity.
Osteoporosis in Indian Patients Undergoing Elective Arthroplasty and Spinal Procedures: An Observational Study

Background This is an observational study conducted to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in patients undergoing elective arthroplasty and spinal procedures in India. Methods This observational, multicentre study included both male and female patients. Their bone mineral density and fracture risk were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX®: Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, UK), respectively, in compliance with the guidelines for Good Epidemiological Practice (ISRCTN: 14543098). Results The study revealed that majority (76.4%; 97/127) of the patients had low BMD; over one-third had osteoporosis (39.4%; 50/127) or osteopenia (37%; 47/127). Among those undergoing total knee replacement (TKR)/total hip replacement (THR), majority (75.6%; 59/78) had low BMD (osteoporosis: 38.5% {30/78}; osteopenia: 37.2% {29/78}). Among the patients undergoing spinal procedures, all except two (93.10%; 27/29) had low BMD, two-thirds had osteoporosis (65.5%; 19/29), and around one-fourth had osteopenia (27.6%; 8/29). Radial BMD measurements showed higher prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia. Based on FRAX score, nearly 30% of patients were at a high risk of hip fracture in the next 10 years. As per National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) guidelines, most (59.79%; 58/97) patients with osteoporosis/osteopenia met criteria for pharmacological treatment. Conclusions Regular preoperative bone health evaluation should be adopted and osteoporosis/osteopenia patients should be adequately managed pharmacologically in India.
Heterosisand Combining Ability for Some Important Traits of Maize Under Two Nitrogen Fertilization Levels

This investigation was undertaken at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha University during the two summer growing seasons of 2018 and 2019. To estimate combining ability under two nitrogen levels and superiority% relative two check hybrids for five quantitative characters. N levels and genotypes mean squares were significant for all studied traits. Mean squares due to genotypes x N levels were significant obtained for all studied traits. SCA was higher than GCA for all studied traits revealing that the non-additive effects were controlled these traits. The overall study of GCA effects suggested that parents M65, M66 and M48 were significant for general combiner for grain yield, M70 and M57 for earliness and M50 and M70 for short plants and ear stature. However, the genotypes M65xM10, M17xM10, M37xM10 and M48xCLM550 showed high SCA effect for grain yield plant -1 . The maximum heterosis was recorded by the cross M48xCLM550 in combined across nitrogen levels they out-yielded SC128 and SC2031 reached 18.00 and 14.00%, respectively. 100-grain weight were correlated significantly with grain yield with r values being 0.707 ** in the combined analysis. Factor analysis for combined across N levels divided characters of maize into three factors accounted for 78.63% of the total variability. The first factor contributed by 39.14% included ear length, ear diameter, No. rows ear -1 , No. kernels row -1 , 100-kernel weight and shelling%. The second factor accounted for 24.83% and is mainly loaded by days to 50% tasseling and silking. The third factor accounted for 14.66% is mainly described by plant and ear heights.
Excessive daytime sleepiness and academic performance among dental students in north-east of peninsular Malaysia

Background: The prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is high among college and university students. EDS has been associated with poor concentration and forgetfulness that affect poor academic performance. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of EDS on academic performance among undergraduate dental students at the School of Dental Sciences in Universiti Sains Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 198 students of year two through year five were selected. Subjects were asked to complete a guided questionnaire which consists of socio-demographic profiles and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Data were analyzed and presented as percentages of occurrence. Chi-square test and multiple regression analysis were performed to assess the association between ESS score and end of year examination results as a measure of students’ academic performance as well as other potential confounders—gender, body mass index (BMI) and ethnicity. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of EDS was 45% with students having mild, moderate and severe sleepiness were 38.4%, 5.5% and 1.5%, respectively. EDS was more common in males (51.9%) than females (43.2%). There was no significant association between ESS score and end of year results for each year (p>0.05). Similarly, BMI, gender and ethnicity also were not significantly associated with sleepiness. Conclusion: The high prevalence of EDS among dental students is a call for concern as it may affect their clinical practice and their mental and health wellbeing.
SPITZER SPECTRAL LINE MAPPING OF PROTOSTELLAR OUTFLOWS. III. H2 EMISSION IN L1448, BHR71, AND NGC2071

Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph maps of H2 pure rotational lines from S(0) to S(7) in three outflows from Class 0 sources, namely, L1448, BHR71, and NGC2071, are presented. These lines are used in conjunction with available rovibrational, near-infrared H2 lines to probe the physical conditions of the warm gas between hundreds and thousands of kelvin. We have constructed maps of the molecular hydrogen column density, ortho-to-para ratio, and volume density, together with the index β of the power law describing the distribution of gas temperature. In all three outflows, the present ortho-to-para ratio significantly deviates from the high temperature equilibrium of 3, ranging between 2.0 and 2.3. These low values, which in general reflect the young age of these flows, are found also in regions of relatively high temperature (around 1000 K), likely indicating that shocks are occurring in a time period shorter than that needed for a complete para-to-ortho conversion. Density maps indicate upper limits close to LTE conditions, i.e., between 106 and 107 cm−3; moreover, we demonstrate on the basis of the detections of HD emission spots (R(3) and R(4) lines) that a density stratification does exist, with the low-density components (104–105 cm−3) associated with the coldest gas. The β index is found in all flows to be above 3.8: this value is consistent with predictions of multiple C-type bow shocks with a range of velocities, some of which are insufficient to achieve the temperature at which H2 partially dissociates. The contribution of H2 to the total cooling is quantitatively similar to that of other abundant molecules, such as water and CO, emitting in the far-infrared; moreover, the luminosity radiated away is comparable to the estimated kinetic energy of the swept-out outflow: this supports the scenario in which the shock from which H2 is emitted is also capable of accelerating the molecular outflow driven at the shock working surface.
ON PLAYING WELL IN A SUM OF GAMES

Many games are naturally described as a sum of games, e.g., nim and the endgame of Go. Let G ,. ,G represent n games. Then a move in the sum G + . +G consists of picking a component game G and making a move in G . This thesis analyzes play in a sum of games from three different perspectives: computational complexity, approximate solutions, and optimal search algorithms. Lockwood Morris proves that the problem of determining the optimal strategy in a sum of games is PSPACE-complete. This thesis proves that the problem is PSPACE-complete even when the component games are so simple that they can be represented as depth two trees. Hanner shows that the value of a sum of games can be approximated to within the maximum temperature of the component games. This thesis presents a clear and concise proof of Hanner''s bounds. This thesis also improves upon Hanner''s result. It shows that the value of a sum of games can be approximated to within the second highest temperature. This thesis describes how Berliner''s B* search algorithm can be effectively combined with the approximate solutions to speed up the search for an optimal solution.
ECLIPSING BINARIES IN MULTIPLE STAR SYSTEMS

About 80 eclipsing binaries are known to be components of multiple star systems. This is less than 2% of all known eclipsing binary systems, but the actual total is certainly much high than this, as the majority of stars under review are in fairly bright, well studied systems. Triple star systems are by far the most common of these, but one system in five is a quadruple or higher order system. Quadruple systems include both systems of hierarchy 2 (two widely spaced pairs, e.g., BV + BW Dra) and hierarchy 3 (e.g., Eta Ori). V772 Her and DN UMa are in quintuple systems, and HR 3337 and the system that contains GZ And may also be quintuple. Castor, which contains the eclipsing binary YY Gem, is a very rare example of a sextuple star system. Also considered are the eclipsing binaries in compact star clusters such as SZ Cam and the two binaries in the Trapezium, BM Ori and V1016 Ori. The most frequently encountered type of eclipsing binary to be found in multiple star systems is that composed of two early-type (B5 or earlier) stars. Nearly all of the very close triple systems which have eclipsing binary components are of this type. W UMa-type stars are also well represented among the multiple star systems containing eclipsing binaries, but some other types are not. The RS CVn stars occur less frequently as components of multiple star systems, and cataclysmic binaries appear to occur only very rarely as components of these systems. The physical and orbital properties of the multiple star systems are discussed in some detail in cases where the data are fairly complete, but it must be noted that many of the visual pairs have periods of revolution which are much too long to permit reliable determination of orbits. In triple star systems with eclipsing binaries the ratio of P2/Pt ranges from less than 10 (for lambda Tau) to more than 107 in some cases. The questions of co-planarity of orbits and the membership of components in multiple star systems are also considered.
Expansion-modificaction systems: an explanation for long range correlations in DNA

Based on a model first studied in [Physical Review A, vol. 43, 5240-5260,1991] properties of correlation function for expansion-modification systems are developed. The existence of several characteristic exponents is proved. The relationship of this fact with long-range correlation in DNA is stablished. Comparison between theoretical exponents and those obtained from simulation and real sequences are also showed.
Torsion-Free Modules

The subject of torsion-free modules over an arbitrary integral domain arises naturally as a generalization of torsion-free abelian groups. In this volume, Eben Matlis brings together his research on torsion-free modules that has appeared in a number of mathematical journals. Professor Matlis has reworked many of the proofs so that only an elementary knowledge of homological algebra and commutative ring theory is necessary for an understanding of the theory. The first eight chapters of the book are a general introduction to the theory of torsion-free modules. This part of the book is suitable for a self-contained basic course on the subject. More specialized problems of finding all integrally closed D-rings are examined in the last seven chapters, where material covered in the first eight chapters is applied. An integral domain is said to be a D-ring if every torsion-free module of finite rank decomposes into a direct sum of modules of rank 1. After much investigation, Professor Matlis found that an integrally closed domain is a D-ring if, and only if, it is the intersection of at most two maximal valuation rings.
REMOVAL OF CALCIUM HYDROXIDE INTRACANAL MEDICAMENT WITH FOUR DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES (A CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN VITRO STUDY)

BACKGROUND : Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) is the most currently used intracanal medicament. Its remnants within the root canal have been found to negatively impact the final obturation. Accordingly, its complete removal is critical. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the removal of Ca(OH) 2 paste from root canals using passive ultrasonic irrigation, EDDY sonic activation, Roeko canal brush and manual filing, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for evaluation. METHODS: Forty single canaled extracted human teeth were prepared using ProTaper Next files (X3) and filled with Ca(OH) 2 paste. The teeth were assigned randomly to four groups of 10, based on the method of Ca(OH) 2 removal: Group A: Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Group B: EDDY sonic activation, Group C: Roeko canal brush and Group D: manual filing (Control group). Samples were scanned with CBCT and the intracanal Ca(OH) 2 volume was measured pre and post retrieval. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal Wallis test followed by Bonferroni correction, with a level of significance set at P value of 0.05. RESULTS : Complete removal of intracanal Ca(OH) 2 was not achieved by any of the tested techniques. However, PUI and EDDY removed a mean of (99.89% ± 0.19) and (99.86% ±0.34) of the intracanal paste, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between them. The apical third demonstrated the largest volume of residual paste. There was a statistically significant difference when PUI and EDDY were compared to the control group (p <0.0001). CONCLUSION : PUI and EDDY are the most effective methods in removing intracanal calcium hydroxide. removal, EDDY sonic activation, Passive ultrasonic irrigation, Roeko canal brush.