Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Region of Interest and Feature Extraction Models for Palmprint Verification Using Convolutional Neural Networks Transfer Learning

Palmprint verification is one of the most significant and popular approaches for personal authentication due to its high accuracy and efficiency. Using deep region of interest (ROI) and feature extraction models for palmprint verification, a novel approach is proposed where convolutional neural networks (CNNs) along with transfer learning are exploited. The extracted palmprint ROIs are fed to the final verification system, which is composed of two modules. These modules are (i) a pre-trained CNN architecture as a feature extractor and (ii) a machine learning classifier. In order to evaluate our proposed model, we computed the intersection over union (IoU) metric for ROI extraction along with accuracy, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and equal error rate (EER) for the verification task.The experiments demonstrated that the ROI extraction module could significantly find the appropriate palmprint ROIs, and the verification results were crucially precise. This was verified by different databases and classification methods employed in our proposed model. In comparison with other existing approaches, our model was competitive with the state-of-the-art approaches that rely on the representation of hand-crafted descriptors. We achieved a IoU score of 93% and EER of 0.0125 using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier for the contact-based Hong Kong Polytechnic University Palmprint (HKPU) database. It is notable that all codes are open-source and can be accessed online.
Focus on the Rashba effect

The Rashba effect, discovered in 1959, continues to supply fertile ground for fundamental research and applications. It provided the basis for the proposal of the spin transistor by Datta and Das in 1990, which has largely inspired the broad and dynamic field of spintronics. More recent developments include new materials for the Rashba effect such as metal surfaces, interfaces and bulk materials. It has also given rise to new phenomena such as spin currents and the spin Hall effect, including its quantized version, which has led to the very active field of topological insulators. The Rashba effect plays a crucial role in yet more exotic fields of physics such as the search for Majorana fermions at semiconductor-superconductor interfaces and the interaction of ultracold atomic Bose and Fermi gases. Advances in our understanding of Rashba-type spin-orbit couplings, both qualitatively and quantitatively, can be obtained in many different ways. This focus issue brings together the wide range of research activities on Rashba physics to further promote the development of our physical pictures and concepts in this field. The present Editorial gives a brief account on the history of the Rashba effect including material that was previously not easily accessible before summarizing the key results of the present focus issue as a guidance to the reader.
Different combustion modes caused by flame-shock interactions in a confined chamber with an orifice plate

The present work investigates the interaction of the turbulent flame and shock wave as well as the end-gas autoignition in a newly designed constant volume combustion chamber equipped with an orifice plate using a stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture. Detailed high speed schlieren photography is used to track the turbulent flame fronts and shock waves which are generated by the laminar flame passing through the orifice plate. The different propagation speeds of the turbulent flames and shock waves can be obtained by controlling the initial pressures and the hole size of the orifice plate. In this work, three combustion modes were obtained clearly by experiment, depending on the interactions of the turbulent flame and shock wave, such as normal combustion, oscillating combustion and end-gas autoignition. The normal combustion is a weak turbulent flame propagation without an obvious shock wave in the confined chamber. The oscillating flame propagation is generated by the interaction of the reflected shock wave and flame front and this process can be clearly visualized in the present work. The end-gas autoignition is induced by the combined effect of the supersonic flame and the shock waves. The accelerating combustion in the confined chamber could produce the primary shock wave and the subsequent secondary shock wave is induced by the secondary flame occurring between the primary flame and primary shock wave. It is found that the secondary shock wave with speed of 780 m/s is faster than the primary one, which is the source of the end-gas autoignition. It is also observed that quasi-detonation wave produced by the end-gas autoignition can reach the speed of 1700 m/s. This wave is accompanied by a strong pressure oscillation which can explain the mechanism of engine knock.
Causes of Increasing Trend of Divorce in Iranian Community: What Do the Experts Think?

Background: In recent years, Iran has faced an increasing and troubling trend of divorce in all provinces. Aim: This qualitative study explains experts’ opinions regarding causes of divorce over the past decade. Methods: This study was conducted using grounded theory. The data were collected using a combination of focus group discussion and face-to-face interviews with experts. Group discussions were conducted in four sessions, each averaging 1.5 hours and consisting of five to seven participants. Participants included judges, clergymen, lawyers, psychologists, family counselors, sociologists, and psychiatrists. Data coding, or finding concepts in data, was performed in a three-step sequence which included open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. Results: Causes of divorce were found to fall into one of three categories: socio-cultural, family, and individual factors. Several subthemes included religious commitments, change of attitude towards life, welfare seeking and individualism, interference of families, sexual dissatisfaction, marital infidelity, addiction, and increased competence of women. Conclusions: Iran’s transition from traditional to modern society has led to significant cultural change, and one of the negative consequences of this awakening is an increase in the country’s rate of divorce. sampling based on the judgment of court experts and researchers. Each group discussion lasted an average of 90 minutes. While in-depth interviews expose an individual’s opinions and ideas, focus group discussions reveal their views in terms of whether they agree or disagree with the ideas of others. After greeting and thanking invitees for attending the discussion, the researcher introduced himself in brief. The researcher then asked the invitees to answer the questions without mentioning their names, after which the objective of the study was explained. Participants were assured that results would be registered anonymously, establishing their comfort in group session participation and open dialogue.
INTERPRETATION OF RBC HISTOGRAMS AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH PERIPHERAL SMEAR FINDINGS IN PATIENTS OF ANEMIA.

Introduction: Automated haematological analysers provide blood cell histograms by plotting the sizes of different blood cells on X-axis and their relative number on Y-axis. Histogram interpretation needs careful analysis of Red Blood Cell (RBC), White Blood Cell and platelet distribution curves. Histogram analysis is often a neglected and underrated part of the automated haemogram which if interpreted well, has signicant potential to provide diagnostically relevant information even before higher level investigations are ordered and may be a time The study was aimed to correlate between the Peripheral Smear ndings in patients of anemia that presented in our tertiary care hospital and the RBC histogram chart plotted by the automated analyser and how far the machine dependent histogram is near to the gold standard of investigation that is microscopy. Total of 500 blood samples of patients of adult age group admitted in Civil Hospital, Material and method: Ahmedabad were studied from August 2019 to October 2019. Patients with haemoglobin less than 12.5gm/dl were included. The blood samples were run in Horiba Pentra XLRTM 80, which is a 5-part differential counter. The histogram is obtained on the display of the cell counter. Peripheral smears were prepared from same samples of patients received in EDTA vacutte and stained by Geimsa stain. Further, microscopy of stained Peripheral smears were done. The peripheral smear ndings were then correlated with the histogram charts from cell counter with due knowledge of relevant clinical history. In our study of 500 patients, the histogram suggested 52.2% of cases as microcytic hypochromic anemia, Result: followed by normocytic normochromic anemia 19.6%. The histogram suggested 12.6% of patients and 2.2 % of patients suffering from macrocytic anemia and haemolytic anemia respectively. In 13.4 % of cases histogram showed dimorphic picture. On conrming with Peripheral Smear nding we found that 53.4% of cases showed picture of microcytic hypochromic anemia, followed by normocytic normochromic anemia at 18.8%. The Peripheral Smear nding suggested 11.6% of patients and 3.6 % of patients suffering from macrocytic anemia and haemolytic anemia respectively. In 12.6 % of cases Peripheral smear showed dimorphic picture. The peripheral blood smear examination along with Conclusion: Histogram analysis can prove a very promising and complementary tool in diagnosis of anemias. Histogram can provide subtle information about the RBC pathology and many a times can act as time saving method.
Indefinite Objects: Scrambling, Choice Functions, and Differential Marking

In Indefinite Objects, Luis Lpez presents a novel approach to the syntax-semantics interface using indefinite noun phrases as a database. Traditional approaches map structural configurations to semantic interpretations directly; Lpez links configuration to a mode of semantic composition, with the latter yielding the interpretation. The polyvalent behavior of indefinites has long been explored by linguists who have been interested in their syntax, semantics, and case morphology, and Lpez's contribution can be seen as a synthesis of findings from several traditions. He argues, first, that scrambled indefinite objects are composed by means of Function Application preceded by Choice Function while objects in situ are composed by means of Restrict. This difference yields the different interpretive possibilities of indefinite objects. Lpez's more nuanced approach to the syntax-semantics interface turns out to be rich in empirical consequences. Second, he proposes that short scrambling also yields Differential Marking, provided that context conditions are fulfilled, while in situ objects remain unmarked. Thus, Lpez contributes to the extensive literature on Differential Object Marking by showing that syntactic configuration is a crucial factor. Lpez substantiates this approach with data from Spanish, Hindi-Urdu, Persian (Farsi), Kiswahili, Romanian, and German.
OPTH_A_252418 1329..1336

Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Introduction: Phacoemulsification cataract surgery presents a challenge to resident surgeons with lower experience, which confronts with patient safety. In this study, we compared major intraoperative surgical complications of resident-performed phacoemulsification surgeries between cases with low intraoperative risk and random cases with unknown intraoperative risk. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study was done on patients who underwent phacoemulsification surgery by thirdand fourth-year residents in Khatam-al-Anbia eye hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Preoperative risk was calculated using Najjar-Awwad risk score after slit lamp examination and the patients with scores 7 or higher were considered highrisk. Patients were randomly assigned into a study group, in which only low-risk cases were operated by third-year residents, or control group, in which third-year residents were able to operate any patient regardless of the risk score. In both groups, the remaining patients were operated by fourth-year residents. All intraoperative complications were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS, considering P<0.05 significant. Results: Overall, 475 patients with cataract in the study (N=232) and control (N=243) groups were operated. Mean overall Najjar-Awwad risk scores did not differ significantly between the groups, but pseudoexfoliation and poor pupil dilatation occurred significantly more frequently in the control group (P=0.010 and P=0.014, respectively). Overall, 36 surgeries in the study group (15.5%) and 47 surgeries in the control group (19.3%) were complicated (P=0.273). There was a significant difference between the thirdand fourth-year residents regarding the inability to complete continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (P=0.033). The risk of overall and major complications in high-risk cases was significantly higher among those operated by 3rd-year residents compared with those operated by 4th-year residents (OR=3.45, 95% CI=1.2–9.9, P=0.016 and OR=6.37, 95% CI=1.99–20.34, P=0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Although supervised resident-performed phacoemulsification has a relatively safe learning curve in our residency program, it is best to stratify preoperative risk and assign high-risk cases to senior residents with higher experience.
EVALUTION OF CLINICAL SPECTRUM AND FREQUENCY OF PHOTODERMATOSES IN A SKIN SPECIALITY HOSPITAL

In an attempt to study the frequency and clinical spectrum of photodermatoses in varied populations of rural and urban areas at a tertiary referral centre in BHAVYA Skin speciality hospital located in Rajamahendravaram town of Andhra Pradesh. The study was conducted from January 2016 - June 2016. We aim to find out the occurrence of photodermatoses by population based study, a total of 120 random participants; both male and female were included in the study with selection criteria. Patients of all age groups, Patients who were diagnosed with positive photo dermatoses, Patients who were willing to participate in the study, the type of photo dermatoses involved and most commonest one identified by Prospective, cross- sectional observation study in the Out-patient department of dermatology and venerology. The Research study begins with standard questionnaire for collecting patient’s demographic details, diagnosis of the presenting disease condition assesses the duration of exposure. The case study was reported for a period of six months and the data obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed in Microsoft excel 2013 . The people with age group of 68years were prone to photodermatoses at the rate of 57% of total cases and ages of 52(43%) of cases. In our study we found that dark skinned individuals are most affected with photodermatoses than fair- skinned individuals. The gender analysis in study reported that females are more affected than males with 58% and 42% respectively. In conclusion we represent that incidence of disease was more in the mid summer i.e. in the month of may, housewives were more affected with photodermatoses than others and mainly affected sites are face and neck (42%) followed by upper limbs (26%). Papule (50%) was the most common rash observed in many of patients followed by Macule (17%) and plaque (15%) the majority of the lesions were erythematous. Polymorphic light eruption (PMLE) was the commonest photodermatoses noticed in many of the individuals followed by actinic purigo and chronic actinic dermatitis.
Suppresses Humoral Immunity in Systemic RIIb and B Cell Receptor Complex g Antibody-Mediated Coengagement of Fc

Engagement of the low-afﬁnity Ab receptor Fc g RIIb downregulates B cell activation, and its dysfunction is associated with autoimmunity in mice and humans. We engineered the Fc domain of an anti-human CD19 Ab to bind Fc g RIIb with high afﬁnity, promoting the coengagement of Fc g RIIb with the BCR complex. This Ab (XmAb5871) stimulated phosphorylation of the ITIM of Fc g RIIb and suppressed BCR-induced calcium mobilization, proliferation, and costimulatory molecule expression of human B cells from healthy volunteers and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, as well as B cell proliferation induced by LPS, IL-4, or BAFF. XmAb5871 suppressed humoral immunity against tetanus toxoid and reduced serum IgM, IgG, and IgE levels in SCID mice engrafted with SLE or healthy human PBMC. XmAb5871 treatment also increased survival of mice engrafted with PBMC from a unique SLE patient. Unlike anti-CD20 Ab, coengagement of Fc g RIIb and BCR complex did not promote B cell depletion in human PBMC cultures or in mice. Thus, ampliﬁcation of the Fc g RIIb inhibitory pathway in activated B cells may represent a novel B cell-targeted immunosuppressive therapeutic approach for SLE and other autoimmune diseases that should avoid the complications associated with B cell depletion. The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 186: 000–000.
BUILDING MASSIVE COMPACT PLANETESIMAL DISKS FROM THE ACCRETION OF PEBBLES

We present a model in which planetesimal disks are built from the combination of planetesimal formation and the accretion of radially drifting pebbles onto existing planetesimals. In this model, the rate of accretion of pebbles onto planetesimals quickly outpaces the rate of direct planetesimal formation in the inner disk. This allows for the formation of a high-mass inner disk without the need for enhanced planetesimal formation or a massive protoplanetary disk. Our proposed mechanism for planetesimal disk growth does not require any special conditions to operate. Consequently, we expect high-mass planetesimal disks to form naturally in nearly all systems. The extent of this growth is controlled by the total mass in pebbles that drifts through the inner disk. Anything that reduces the rate or duration of pebble delivery will correspondingly reduce the final mass of the planetesimal disk. Therefore, we expect low-mass stars (with less massive protoplanetary disks), low-metallicity stars, and stars with giant planets to grow less massive planetesimal disks. The evolution of planetesimal disks into planetary systems remains a mystery. However, we argue that late stage planet formation models should begin with a massive disk. This reinforces the idea that massive and compact planetary systems could form in situ, but does not exclude the possibility that significant migration occurs post-planet formation.
Efﬁcient Incorporation of Multiple Selenocysteines Involves an Inefﬁcient Decoding Step Serving as a Potential Translational Checkpoint and Ribosome Bottleneck (cid:1)

Selenocysteine is incorporated into proteins via “recoding” of UGA from a stop codon to a sense codon, a process that requires speciﬁc secondary structures in the 3 (cid:1) untranslated region, termed se leno c ysteine i ncorporation s equence (SECIS) elements, and the protein factors that they recruit. Whereas most selenoprotein mRNAs contain a single UGA codon and a single SECIS element, selenoprotein P genes encode multiple UGAs and two SECIS elements. We have identiﬁed evolutionary adaptations in selenoprotein P genes that contribute to the efﬁciency of incorporating multiple selenocysteine residues in this protein. The ﬁrst is a conserved, inefﬁciently decoded UGA codon in the N-terminal region, which appears to serve both as a checkpoint for the presence of factors required for selenocysteine incorporation and as a “bottleneck,” slowing down the progress of elongating ribosomes. The second adaptation involves the presence of introns downstream of this inefﬁciently decoded UGA which confer the potential for nonsense-mediated decay when factors required for selenocysteine incorporation are limiting.
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and its salts

Synonyms heptadecafluorooctane-1-sulphonic acid perfluorooctane sulfonate perfluorooctylsulfonic acid Chemical name 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro-1-octanesulfonic acid CAS number acid (1763-23-1) ammonium salt (29081-56-9) diethanolamine salt (70225-14-8) potassium salt (2795-39-3) lithium salt (29457-72-5) Structural formula (acid) CF3 – (CF2)7 – SO3H Molecular formula C8F17SO3H Molecular weight 500 g/mol (acid) Melting point >400°C (acid) (OECD 2002) Boiling point not specified Vapour pressure not specified log KOW cannot be determined (OECD 2002)
A new technique for spectral analysis of ionospheric TEC fluctuations observed with the Very Large Array VHF system: From QP echoes to MSTIDs

We have used a relatively long, contiguous VHF observation of a bright cosmic radio source (Cygnus A) with the Very Large Array (VLA) through the nighttime, midlatitude ionosphere to demonstrate the phenomena observable with this instrument. In a companion paper, we showed that the VLA can detect fluctuations in total electron content (TEC) with amplitudes of ≤ 10−3 TECU and can measure TEC gradients with a precision of about 2 × 10− 4 TECU km−1. We detail two complementary techniques for producing spectral analysis of these TEC gradient measurements. The first is able to track individual waves with wavelengths of about half the size of the array (∼20 km) or more. This technique was successful in detecting and characterizing many medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) seen intermittently throughout the night and has been partially validated using concurrent GPS measurements. Smaller waves are also seen with this technique at nearly all times, many of which move in similar directions as the detected MSTIDs. The second technique allows for the detection and statistical description of the properties of groups of waves moving in similar directions with wavelengths as small as 5 km. Combining the results of both spectral techniques, we found a class of intermediate and small scale waves which are likely the quasi‐periodic (QP) echoes that have been observed to occur within sporadic‐E (Es) layers. We find two distinct populations of these waves. The members of one population are coincident in time with MSTIDs and are consistent with being generated within Es layers by the E–F coupling instability. The other population seems more influenced by the neutral wind, similar to the predominant types of QP echoes found by the Sporadic‐E Experiments over Kyushu (SEEK). We have also found that the spectra of background (i.e., isotropic) fluctuations can be interpreted as the sum of two turbulent components with maximum scales of about 300 km and 10 km.
ON PRESIC TYPE GENERALIZATION OF THE BANACH CONTRACTION MAPPING PRINCIPLE

Let (X, d) be a metric space, k a positive integer and T a mapping of Xk into X. In this paper we proved that if T satisfies conditions (2.1) and (2.2) below, then there exists a unique x in X such that T (x, x, . . . , x) = x. This result generalizes the corresponding theorems of the second author [4], [5] and the theorem of Dhage [3].