Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cerebroumbilical doppler ratio in pregnancy induced hypertension and its prediction for adverse perinatal outcome

Background: To compare the changes in pulsatility index (PI) values of fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA), umbilical artery (UA) and ratio of PI of MCA and UA (cerebroumbilical ratio, C/U ratio) in normal pregnancies with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and to evaluate their usefulness for predicting adverse perinatal outcome.Methods: This was a prospective comparative study carried out over a period of 1 year on total 140 patients between 30-40 weeks of gestation. Study group comprised of 70 patients with PIH. The control group comprised of 70 patients with normal BP. Both the groups were followed by doppler ultrasound and the UA PI, the MCA PI and the C/U ratio were measured. The results of the last doppler ultrasound before delivery were considered in the correlation with various adverse perinatal outcome. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of MCA PI and UA PI and C/U ratio were calculated and compared for predicting adverse perinatal outcome.Results: Abnormal C/U ratio was more common in PIH group (42.85%) than control group (5.71%). In the study group, 83.33% patients of abnormal C/U ratio showed adverse perinatal outcome. C/U ratio had highest sensitivity (75.75%), negative predictive value (80%) and diagnostic accuracy (81.42%) compared to MCA PI and UA PI for predicting adverse perinatal outcome in PIH women.Conclusions: Incidence of adverse perinatal outcome was more common with abnormal C/U ratio. C/U ratio is better predictor for adverse perinatal outcome in PIH women than individual MCA PI and UA PI.
Male Breast Cancer; A Review of Risk Factors and Clinical and Radiological Features

While male breast cancer (MBC) consists only 1% of all breast cancers in the United States, approximately 2000 men are diagnosed annually and the incidence seems to be slowly increasing. About 50% of men have axillary nodal metastasis at the time of diagnosis. A mean delay of 6 to 10 months occurs in the diagnosis of MBC, which leads to the progression of the disease before presentation. More than 40% of MBCs present with stage III/IV disease. Therefore, men with MBC have a worse prognosis compared with women. Additionally, as a result of the paucity of breast tissue in males, early chest wall spread occurs. Therefore, it seems that recognition of the symptoms and radiologic features of MBC can improve early detection, the prognosis and survival rate of the disease. A few researches focused on male breast cancer; however, there are many similarities with female breast cancer and some differences. The current study aimed to review the latest information on risk factors, clinical, and radiological features of MBC. © 2017. Multidisciplinary Cancer Investigation Submitted: 2 August 2017 Revised: 27 August 2017 Accepted: 20 September 2017 ePublished: 1 October 2017
Prevalence and predictive factors of birth traumas in neonates presenting to the children emergency center of a tertiary center in Southwest, Nigeria

Background: Although the majority of birth injuries are minor and often unreported, occasionally birth injuries may be so severe as to be fatal or leave the child with a permanent disability or even death.Objective: This study aimed to document the patterns and predictive factors of birth injuries in neonates presenting at the emergency center of a tertiary hospital in South west, Nigeria. Patients And Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of neonates who presented at the Olikoye Ransome-Kuti Children Emergency Center of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital between October and December 2016. All neonates admitted for treatment at the center for any clinical condition were included in the study after initial review or resuscitation/treatment for their primary complaint, and consent was obtained from their caregivers. The babies were examined by at least a senior resident and any abnormality documented. Any underlining medical conditions such as asphyxia and neonatal sepsis were properly investigated and treated. Statistical analyses were performed by chi-square, student's t-test, using SPSS version 20.0. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 134 neonates were reviewed during the study period with majority, 84 (62.7%), being males. The mean age at presentation was 65.2 ± 89.2 h (median 24 h). Caput succedaneum (22.2%) and subconjunctival hemorrhage (22.2%) were the most frequent injuries observed, while cranial nerve injury the least. One patient had multiple injuries (cranial nerve injury with fractures humerus). Conclusions: Overall prevalence and pattern of birth injuries in neonates presenting at our emergency center was consistent with various studies from other centers. Parity of the mother, significant maternal medical history, duration of labor, mode of delivery, and skill of attending personnel at delivery were significant factors associated with birth injuries
Drug Testing and Community Supervision Outcomes

The requirement to submit to drug testing is either a standard or special condition of adult community correctional supervision in most jurisdictions. Positive drug test results are one of the most common violations of probation that result in official action by a supervising officer. This study examines the relationship between individual characteristics, drug test results, and federal supervision outcomes. Results indicate that individual risk score and offense category are associated with positive drug tests. Furthermore, testing positive for hard drugs is associated with revocation for new crimes and non-drug technical violations, but testing positive for cannabis only is not associated with supervision revocation for either reason.
Using environmental DNA and occupancy modelling to estimate rangewide metapopulation dynamics

We demonstrate the power of combining two emergent tools for resolving rangewide metapopulation dynamics. First, we employed environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys to efficiently generate multiseason rangewide site occupancy histories. Second, we developed a novel dynamic, spatial multiscale occupancy model to estimate metapopulation dynamics. The model incorporates spatial relationships, explicitly accounts for non‐detection bias and allows direct evaluation of the drivers of extinction and colonization. We applied these tools to examine metapopulation dynamics of endangered tidewater goby, a species endemic to California estuarine habitats. We analysed rangewide eDNA data from 190 geographically isolated sites (813 total water samples) surveyed from 2 years (2016 and 2017). Rangewide estimates of the proportion of sites that were occupied varied little between 2016 (0.52) and 2017 (0.51). However, there was evidence of extinction and colonization dynamics. The probability of extinction of an occupied site (0.106) and probability of colonization of an unoccupied site (0.085) were nearly equal. Stability in site occupancy proportions combined with nearly equal rates of extinction and colonization suggests a dynamic equilibrium between the 2 years surveyed. Assessment of covariate effects revealed that colonization probability increased as the number of occupied neighbouring sites increased and as distance between occupied sites decreased. We show that eDNA surveys can rapidly provide a snapshot of a species distribution over a broad geographic range and, when these surveys are paired with occupancy modelling, can uncover metapopulation dynamics and their drivers.
Sentiment Risk Premia in the Cross-Section of Global Equity

This paper introduces a new sentiment-augmented asset pricing model in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of non-fundamental risk factors. We find that news and social media search-based indicators that measure the aggregate investor sentiment are significantly related to excess returns across different asset classes and markets. Adding sentiment factors to both classical and more recent state-of-the-art pricing models leads to a significant increase in model performance. Following a two-stage Fama-MacBeth procedure, our modified pricing model obtains positive estimates of the risk premium for negative sentiment for global equity markets. We interpret them as measures of additional market uncertainty not captured by standard risk factors. Negative sentiment captures investors' fear, for which they demand an additional risk premium on sentiment-sensitive assets. Consequently, our empirical results contribute to the explanation of the cross-section of average, international excess equity and foreign exchange returns.
The impact of increasing educational levels on the Australian workforce

Education levels in the workforce have increased very substantially over the last two decades. This thesis looks at factors lying behind this increase and the impact it has had on the workforce. Part I looks at whether the increase in education levels can be attributed to demand factors or whether supply factors are important. We first look at shifts in labour demand and find that, based on movements in relative earnings, there have been sizeable shifts in labour demand toward the better educated. We then move to the supply side and look in some detail at increases in school retention. We find that, in addition to shifts in labour demand toward the better educated, there have been a number of factors which have encouraged school retention. These include a decline in the number of full-time jobs available to teenagers, increases in student allowances and sharp increases in unemployment. Part II looks at the link between education, productivity and earnings. First, it discusses the_ human capital and screening debate. This debate is important because the notion that increased education levels will contribute to an increase in the productivity of the workforce is tenuous, unless education affects earnings by augmenting productivity. The empirical literature does not convincingly differentiate between the two approaches. We then look at 'ability bias' and consider whether ignoring innate ability (and family background) leads to an overstatement in the return to education. Overseas evidence, on the whole, suggests that this is the case to some extent. We find a similar result for Australia, based on a sample of 30 year olds from the Youth in Transition Study. We use growth accounting methodology to estimate the contribution of changes in education levels to economic growth since the late 1960s. The estimates incorporate an allowance for ability bias (based on the Youth in Transition findings noted above). We find that increases in education levels explain about a quarter of the increase in multifactor productivity between 1968-69 and 1989-90. We also discuss the role of education in the new endogenous growth theory. Part ill of the thesis considers the impact of increases in education levels on particular groups. We first look on the impact on women relative to men. Women's education levels have increased more than men's and this has had a beneficial effect on both the relative earnings and occupational status of women working full time.
The efficacy of strain counterstrain mobilization in patients with painful hallux abducto valgus bunions

The purpose of this prospective, randomised, placebo controlled study was to determine the efficacy of strain counterstrain mobilization in patients suffering with painful Hallux Abducto Valgus Bunions (HAVB). The mobilization group received strain counterstrain mobilization while the placebo group received placebo laser. The study involved sixty patients; thirty in each group, which were selected from the general population. Each patient was treated five times within a three week period.
Sex moderates the relationship between aortic stiffness, cognition and cerebrovascular reactivity in healthy older adults

It is well established that sex differences exist in the manifestation of cardiovascular diseases. Arterial stiffness (AS) has been associated with changes in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and cognitive decline in aging. Specifically, older adults with increased AS show a decline on executive function (EF) tasks. Interestingly, the relationship between AS and CVR is more complex, where some studies show decreased CVR with increased AS, and others demonstrate preserved CVR despite higher AS. We investigated the possible role of sex and hematocrit (HCT) on these hemodynamic relationships. Acquisitions were completed in 48 older adults. Dual-echo pCASL data were collected during a hypercapnia challenge. Aortic PWV data was acquired using cine phase contrast velocity series. A moderation model test revealed that sex moderated the relationship between PWV and CVR and PWV and EF. In addition, there was a significant effect of HCT on the sex differences observed in the moderation effect on EF. Together, our results indicate that the relationships between PWV, CVR and EF are in part mediated by sex and HCT. Highlights This study investigates the role of sex on cerebrovascular measures of brain health and congition Sex moderates the relationship between PWV, cerebrovascular reactivity and cognition Hematocrit influences the sex differences observed
The impact of eating self-regulatory skills on weight control and dietary behaviours in adults

Recent studies suggest the ability to self-regulate eating behaviour may help people to cope with the food environment and achieve, as well as maintain, a healthy weight and diet. However, most studies exploring the relationships between eating self-regulatory skills, weight control and dietary habits in adults have used a cross-sectional design and have not accounted for the full range of eating self-regulatory skills, possibly due to the fact that no comprehensive measure of eating self-regulation exists. Furthermore, although there are indications that eating self-regulatory skills may be enhanced through practice, the most effective way to improve these skills and the impact of any changes on weight loss and dietary behaviours has not been established. Therefore, this PhD thesis developed a valid and reliable measure to assess eating self-regulatory skills in the general adult population (Study 1). Results from Study 2 showed that higher eating self-regulatory skills may help students to maintain or achieve a healthy diet and protect them against substantial weight gain (≥5% initial body weight), especially among students with higher BMIs. In Study 3, secondary analysis from the 10 Top Tips (10TT) randomised controlled trial was undertaken to test the effect of a habit-based intervention on eating self-regulatory skills. Results showed 10TT promoted greater increases in self-regulatory skills than Usual Care. Furthermore, these changes in self-regulatory skills mediated the effect of 10TT on target behaviours and weight loss. Lastly, since the use of new technology for lifestyle interventions is an emerging field in public health, two app versions of 10TT, one identical to 10TT (Top Tips ‘only’ app) and another including a self-regulatory training component for breaking unhealthy eating habits (Top Tips ‘plus’ app), were developed and piloted with overweight and obese adults (Study 4). Exploratory results from Study 4 suggest that both app interventions may promote eating self-regulatory skills, weight loss and healthy behaviours among overweight and obese adults, especially among those more engaged with the apps. However, both apps would benefit from further development work and should be evaluated by means of a randomised controlled trial.
Clinical Outcome of Pneumatic Dilatation in Patients with Achalasia Cardia: A Single-Center Prospective Study

ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Pneumatic balloon dilation is one of the most commonly used and effective methods for treating patients with achalasia cardia. This study was performed to assess immediate and long-term response of pneumatic dilatation (PD) in these patients. Materials and Methods: Forty-four achalasia cardia patients, who underwent PD in our center from January 2013 to December 2015, were prospectively studied. Data from these patients were analyzed for clinical improvement in symptoms after dilatation procedure over this period as per Eckardt score. Patients who required repeated procedure and factors influencing remission of symptoms were analyzed. Results: A total of 44 patients underwent PD, among which three lost to follow up. Of the 41 patients, 21 were male (51.22%) and 20 were females (48.78%). Mean age was 38.68 (13–64) years. Median symptom duration before first dilatation was 18 months (2–240). Major symptoms at presentation were dysphagia (n = 41, 100%), regurgitation (n = 38 92.68%), chest pain (n = 31, 75.6%), and weight loss (n = 20, 48.78%). Mean follow-up period was 22.22 months (9–38). Forty (97.56%) patients had immediate clinical improvement after 1 dilatation, of which 38 (92.68%) patients did not require any further treatment. Mean Eckardt score was 6.82 (4–11) at the time of first dilatation which improved to 0.66 during follow-up. Two patients required second dilatation (one 5 months and other 18 months after the first procedure). Conclusion: PD is a safe and effective long-term therapy for achalasia cardia and has a good long-term clinical remission.
Barriers and facilitators of evidence-based practice from the perspective of nurses who working in northwestern psychiatric centers of Iran

Evidence-based practice is an indicator of the quality of health and treatment care and plays an important role in improving the quality of nursing care. The purpose of the study was to determine the barriers and facilitators of evidence-based practice from the perspective of nurses working in psychiatric centers in the northwest of Iran. This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study with statistical population includes 270 nurses working in northwest psychiatric hospitals of country. Sample size was selected using census method. Data collecting tools consisted of two parts. The first part of the questionnaire included demographic information of nurses and the second part included a standard questionnaire of barriers and facilitators the evidence-based practice. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics and SPSSsoftware(ver. 21). The mean score of evaluating the barriers and facilities to apply the results of research in the field of practice in in nurses on the Bases of practice knowledge dimension was 41.54 ± 10.85 , which they had a low score . low in. The overall score in dimension of access barriers and review of evidences was 18.86 ± 7.19, which nurses had a medium score. The mean of total score was 9.93 ± 3.23, which nurses had a low score In the dimension of barriers to practice change based on scientific evidences. Also, the mean total score in self-assessment skills dimension was 13.70 ± 4.56, that nurses had a medium to low score. It is necessary to do needed facilities to reduce existing barriers in order to change the methods of care based on scientific evidences, with proper planning and policy making, and create an appropriate context for nurses in providing care with quality considering the essential role of nurses in maintaining care and promoting the health of the patients.
Dairy Farm Management when Nutrient Runoff and Climate Emissions Count

We provide a theoretical framework and detailed bioeconomic simulations to examine privately and socially optimal dairy farmmanagement in the presence of nutrient runoff and greenhouse gas emissions. Dairy farms produce milk by choosing herd size, diet, fertilization and land allocation between crops, as well as (discrete) manure storage and spreading technologies and the number of milking seasons. We show analytically that a critical radius emerges for the choice of land use between silage and cereal cultivation and fertilizer types (mineral and manure). Both privately and socially optimal manure application rates decrease with application distance. We characterize the optimal climate and water policy instruments for dairy farming. Adetailed bioeconomic simulationmodel links farmmanagement decisionswith their impacts on climate andwater quality.Wenumerically solve the social andprivateoptima and the features of optimal climate and water policy instruments. We show that using only climate instruments provides considerable water co-benefits, and in the same vein, the use of water quality instruments provides considerable climate co-benefits. Climate policies lead to a reduction in herd size, as measures relating to manuremanagement and spreading are relatively inefficient at reducing climate emissions. There ismuch more leeway for adapting to water policies than to climate policies, because dairy farms have multiple measures to reduce their nutrient loads.
Concise review: Medicinal plants are effective against leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is an important zoonotic parasitic disease in tropical areas. It is a neglected disease and is a great health catastrophe in Iran. Pentavalent antimony compounds are used for its treatment, but they have adverse effects. Therefore, the use of natural herbs with low adverse effects seems necessary for treatment of Leishmaniasis. In this study, we tried to introduce the natural medicines effective against Leishmaniasis. In this review study, keywords searched included natural medicines, herbal medicines, medicinal plants, Leishmaniasis, and treatment in relevant publications published between 1990 and 2017. Searching was on databases including ISI Web of Science, PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, ISC, SID, Magiran and some other databases. The relevant articles were reviewed for the review study. The results showed that medicinal plants: Ferula assafoatida (with IC50 of 0.38 mg/ml), Glycyrrhiza glabra (with IC50 of 25mg/ml), Allium sativum (with IC50 of 0.57 mg/ml), Cephalis ipecacuana (with IC50 of 0.01 mg/ml), Artemisia aucheri (with IC50 of 0.46 mg/ml) and Eucalyptus globulus (with IC50 of 0.17 mg/ml) were the natural medicines effective against the disease. Compositions with di-, tri-, tetra-Sulfide, Coumarin derivatives, Camuou-nephrole, Episamarcandine, Amblipernine, Carnephrole, Azafoetidine, Froxolicin, Azafoetidinole, Saradaferine, 1, 8 Cineole, Scopodreniole, Semen, Sabinine, Cineole, Inaleole, Eojenole, Farenzole, Borneol, Allicin, acid Glycerisic, Emetine and Cephalin can have the potential to produce potent drugs against Leishmaniasis. In sum, there are some specific medicinal plants and compounds effective against Leishmaniasis which can be used per se or following changes in their formula to prepare and introduce new drags against this disease.
Social Security and Trends in Wealth Inequality

Recent influential work finds large increases in inequality in the U.S., based on measures of wealth concentration that notably exclude the value of social insurance programs. This paper revisits this conclusion by incorporating Social Security retirement benefits into measures of wealth inequality. Wealth inequality has not increased in the last three decades when Social Security is accounted for. This finding is robust to assumptions about how taxes and benefits may change in response to system financing concerns. When discounted at the risk-free rate, real Social Security wealth increased substantially from $4.8 trillion in 1989 to just over $41.3 trillion in 2016. When we adjust for systematic risk coming from the covariance of Social Security returns with the market portfolio, this increase remains sizable, growing from over $3.9 trillion in 1989 to $33.9 trillion in 2016. Consequently, by 2016, Social Security wealth represented 57% of the wealth of the bottom 90% of the wealth distribution. We conclude that Social Security represents the main source of savings for most Americans. Measures of inequality that exclude it are misleading.