Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental Survey of Rotavirus in Sewage Water within Maiduguri Metropolis, Nigeria

Background and study aim: Inadequately treated water supply and unhygienic food consumption are the major sources of contracting feco-orally transmitted viral pathogens, including Rotavirus. This prospective study aimed to assess the presence of Rotavirus in sewage, underground and surface waters collected from different locations within Maiduguri Metropolis, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 170 sewage and water samples (underground and surface waters) were collected from various sources in high-density and low-density areas of the Maiduguri metropolis. A modified adsorption- elution method for concentration of enteric viruses in sewage and water samples and detection of the presence of rotavirus (if present) was done using Enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). The viruses in water were concentrated by negatively charged membrane filtration, eluted with 0.05M Glycine at pH 11.5, and re-concentrated by centrifugation at 12,000rpm for one hour. Results: Out of the 60 domestic sewage samples collected from high-density areas, 8.3% were positive for rotavirus antigen, whereas none of the samples from low-density areas were positive. In addition, rotavirus antigen was not detected in underground and surface water samples. The temperature range of the 5 rotavirus positive samples was 23-30oC. All the 5 positive samples had alkaline pH that ranged between 8 and 9. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the persistence of rotavirus in sewage and its possible transmission through contaminated food and poor treated water
Normative principles in newsroom innovation. The case of 360° video adoption by editorial knowledge champions

Technology innovation adoption is critical for the survival of news organizations in the digital age. However, it has been argued that innovations should not be adopted at any price in journalism. This explorative study investigates drivers and obstacles for innovation adoption of 360° videos in eight news organizations in Switzerland from the perspective of the knowledge champion in the editorial office. Based on interviews, we find that the question of what an innovation will change regarding resources, processes, and the alignment to professional norms is relevant at an early stage of innovation adoption. Potential monetary, audience, and company image benefits of an innovation become relevant for its proficient adoption. Knowledge champions carefully evaluate the new technology against normative journalistic principles and benefits for the organization. We argue that for understanding innovation adoption in newsrooms, the negotiation of professional norms has to be considered as this negotiation can drive or restrain innovation adoption. As journalists do not innovate at any costs but consider journalism’s societal purpose when assessing new technology, models of newsroom innovation adoption need to include the negotiation of normative principles.
Description of a new brackish water ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. (Ciliophora, Euplotida) based on morphology, morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny

A brackish water euplotid ciliate, Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. , was discovered in a ditch in Yuli County, Xinjiang, China. Its morphology, ciliature and morphogenesis were investigated based on specimens examined in vivo and following protargol staining. The new species is characterized by the posterior part of the adoral zone composed of three membranelles, which has never been seen in all other known congeners. Other morphologic features include: (i) body oval-shaped, with conspicuous right anterior spur-like protrusion; (ii)size in vivo 60–90 × 40–68 μm; (iii) two macronuclear nodules; (iv) four frontal, two ventral, five transverse, three left marginal and three caudal cirri. Its morphogenesis proceeds in a usual way, except that the oral primordium forms only three proximal membranelles rather than four proximal membranelles within congeners. The small subunit rRNA gene of the new species (GenBank accession number: KX147287) comprises 1723 bp and 44.63% GC content, and differs by 0.12–1.81% from those of congeners. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA gene sequence data reveal that Uronychia xinjiangensis n. sp. clusters with other Uronychia species with full support, which supports the monophyly of the genus Uronychia Stein, 1859.
A preliminary study of phases, elemental mapping, and electrical properties on Na2FeSiO4 derived from rice husk silica

This work reports a preliminary investigation about the phase, element mapping, and electrical properties of Na2FeSiO4 prepared from rice husk silica, (FeNO3)3.9H2O, NaOH, and C6H8O7.H2O using the sol-gel method. A sample sintered at 800 °C with a holding time of 10 hours at peak temperature. The phases identification shows that the main phase of Na2FeSiO4 had been formed in the sample accompanied by two impurity phases, i.e., Na2SiO3 and SiO2. Elemental mapping shows that Na, Fe, Si, and O elements are evenly distributed over the entire surface of the sample. The band gap energy value of the sample is relatively small, around 2.58 eV - 2.87 eV. Its electrical conductivity varies depending on frequency, i.e., 6.13×10−5 S/m at 1 Hz and decreases gradually up to 4.27×10−5 S/m at 1000 Hz.
The Roles of Parenting Style towards Mental Health of Early Childhood

Mental health of early childhood cannot be separated from parents’ parenting. Mental health is stronglyinfluenced by social-emotional conditions. Children’s social development includes the child’s ability toestablish and form healthy relationships with others. Emotional development includes the ability to controland adjust one’s feelings to others. The form of treatment and attitudes of parents greatly determine thesocial-emotional development of early childhood. When the social-emotional development of earlychildhood is impaired, it will indirectly have an impact on their mental health. For this reason, parentsmust determine the appropriate parenting style so that children’s mental health develops well. Explorativequalitative method was used in this research. The researchers attempted to understand and examined therelationship between parenting style and early childhood mental health by understanding and analyzing thefindings of previously published research. The results of this research indicated that parenting style has avery important role in the mental health of early childhood. Authoritative parents have a positive impact onchildren’s mental health, whereas authoritarian parents have a negative impact on children’s mental health.Authoritative care is characterized by warm treatment from parents and always concerned about the needsand development of children. Meanwhile, the authoritarian parenting is characterized by abuse by parentsand being unresponsive to children.
Repeated Simulation Experience on Self-Confidence, Critical Thinking, and Competence of Nurses and Nursing Students—An Integrative Review

Background Simulation is the most adopted teaching methodology in nursing education. Objectives This article investigated the outcome of repeated simulation experience on self-confidence, critical thinking, knowledge, competence, and satisfaction of nurses and nursing students. Methods The Scholarly literature published in English for the period of 2011 to 2019 was reviewed. Results Repeated simulation enhances students’ self-confidence, knowledge, competence, critical thinking, and satisfaction. Conclusions Repetitive simulation experience is valued by the nurse educators as a valuable teaching methodology to reinforce the student's learning outcomes.
Quantifying specialist avifaunal decline in grassland birds of the Northern Great Plains

Habitat specialists are declining worldwide, often paralleling rapid loss of habitat. Grassland habitats across North America are declining precipitously, due in part to intense conversion of grasslands to agriculture and rangelands, and specialist communities reliant upon this landscape are at particular risk of decline and collapse. We explored the relationship between grassland habitat specialism in birds and species population trends using several different grassland specialism indices (GSIs). Our data sources for these indices included (1) a regional bird dataset employing a spatially stratified sampling design (Integrated Monitoring of Bird Conservation Regions) of bird surveys in the Northern Great Plains of North America, and (2) geospatial data of species ranges (BirdLife Int’l) and grassland habitat (CEC North American Land Cover). We found a negative relationship between degree of habitat specialism and species population trends for all specialism metrics. We also found some evidence to support that specialism to grasslands on the wintering grounds partially explains population trends during the breeding season, giving added weight to the consideration of habitat conservation across the full annual cycle of a species to reverse or lessen population decline. Our work is the first to use quantitative methods to confirm the precarious state of grassland specialist songbirds in North America as well as demonstrate multiple methods for quantifying habitat specialism across different types of datasets.
Anthropometric study of adult tibia bone for pre-operative determination of length of intramedullary nail

Background: The tibia is the bone that is mostly fractured in the body. Surgical fixation of tibia fractures with intramedullary (IM) nail is a common procedure around the world. Objective: This study discusses pre-operative determination of intramedullary nail length to be inserted for a fractured tibia based on anthropometric measurements of dry tibia bones. Design: This was a prospective descriptive study. Methods: The study involved measurement of length and other parts of adult dry tibia bones. Data of patients that had tibia fracture fixation with intramedullary interlocking nails using SIgn ®nails were also retrieved. All measurements and data obtained were recorded and analyzed using STATA version 13 (StataCorp, Texas. USA). Results: The Maximum Tibia Length (MTL) of 44 adult tibia bones ranged from 35.2cm to 43.6cm with an average of 39.9 ± 2.2cm. The Bicondylar Tibial Width (BTW) ranged from 68.9mm to 80.4mm with an average of 75.1 ± 3.4mm. Tibia length (cm) can be estimated using the equation “12.6 + 3.7*{Bicondylar Tibial width (cm)} ± 3cm”. The distance of the Tibial plateau to the tubercle (TTD) ranged from 2.66cm to 3.53cm with an averageof 3.03 ± 0. 23cm. The Medial Malleolus Height (MMH) ranged from 1.20cm to 1.86cm with an average of 1.51 ± 0. 17cm. Part of the tibia bone that is usually occupied by inserted nail is MTL – (TTD + MMH). Average TTD + MMH = 4.5 ± 0.4cm. Length of intramedullary nail = MTL – 4.5cm. The average length of intramedullary nail used in our centre was 34.7 ± 2.7cm. The difference between the average tibia length and IM nail inserted was 5cm, which is closed to the findings in this study (i.e length of intramedullary nail for a tibia = maximum length of the tibia – 4.5cm). Conclusion: Pre-operative determination of intramedullary nail length for the tibia can be derived using: “Length of the tibia (from the knee joint to the tip of medial malleolus) minus 4.5cm” (for tibia tubercle as the entry point); “Length of the tibia (from the knee joint to the tip of medial malleolus) minus 1.5cm” (for entry point just below the tibia plateau; The diameter of the nail to be inserted can be estimated along with thelength of the IM nail using: Diameter of nail (mm) = {7.2 + 0.007* length of the nail (mm)} ± 1.5 mm. This study also showed that tibia length can be estimated from the equation “12.6 + {3.7*Bicondylar tibial width (cm)} ± 3cm”. This is useful in forensic medicine or when the contralateral limb is not available for use in a patient who is to undergo IM tibia nailing. Key words: Tibia fracture, Pre-operative determination, Intramedullary nail, Tibia bone fixation, Africans, Anthropometry, Tibia, Interlocking nail
Mitochondria-encoded genes contribute to the evolution of heat and cold tolerance among Saccharomyces species

Over time, species evolve substantial phenotype differences. Yet, genetic analysis of these traits is limited by reproductive barriers to those phenotypes that distinguish closely related species. Here, we conduct a genome-wide non-complementation screen to identify genes that contribute to a major difference in thermal growth profile between two Saccharomyces species. S. cerevisiae is capable of growing at temperatures exceeding 40°C, whereas S. uvarum cannot grow above 33°C but outperforms S. cerevisiae at 4°C. The screen revealed only a single nuclear-encoded gene with a modest contribution to heat tolerance, but a large effect of the species’ mitochondrial DNA (mitotype). Furthermore, we found that, while the S. cerevisiae mitotype confers heat tolerance, the S. uvarum mitotype confers cold tolerance. Recombinant mitotypes indicate multiple genes contribute to thermal divergence. Mitochondrial allele replacements showed that divergence in the coding sequence of COX1 has a moderate effect on both heat and cold tolerance, but it does not explain the entire difference between the two mitochondrial genomes. Our results highlight a polygenic architecture for interspecific phenotypic divergence and point to the mitochondrial genome as an evolutionary hotspot for not only reproductive incompatibilities, but also thermal divergence in yeast.
Mechanical Mid-Shoot Leaf Removal on Ortrugo (Vitis vinifera L.) at Pre- or Mid-Veraison Alters Fruit Growth and Maturation

Production of high-quality sparkling wines relies on an optimal balance between sugar and acidity in the fruit at harvest. Warming trends favor a too-fast sugar increase at the expense of adequate acidity. The removal of photosynthetically active leaves from the distal part of the canopy around veraison has been proposed as a simple technique to delay sugar accumulation. Over three seasons (2015 to 2017), we compared the effects of mechanical mid-shoot leaf removal in the white variety Ortrugo, either performed before veraison (PRE-LR) or at a total soluble solids (TSS) concentration of ~12 Brix (POST-LR), with non-defoliated vines (C). PRE-LR shifted the sugar increase in all the three seasons, but the effects held until harvest only in 2015 and 2016 (−1.1 Brix and −1.4 Brix, respectively, if compared to C). Acidity was unaffected. POST-LR was less effective in changing the composition of grapes during ripening. Both leaf removal treatments reduced berry size (−5%) and yield (−19% PRE-LR and −14% POST-LR, in comparison with C). Finally, the treatments changed the berry morphology and the proportion between its components, with some peculiarities due to the seasons, but the relative skin mass generally increased. Overall, the efficacy of the technique was below expectations, primarily because the delay in general ripening expected from removing a significant portion of the mature and functioning leaves was offset by a decrease in malic acid due to excess heat summation for this variety.
MANAGEMENT SKILLS OF EDUCATIONAL LEADERS AS RELATED TO SCHOOL PRODUCTIVITY

The main purpose of this study was to determine the level of educational leaders’ management skill, their strengths and weakness as related to school productivity. This study used a descriptive method of research that involved the participation of three hundred fifty-one (351) teacher-respondents. The validated survey instruments containing 100 items that covered the ten assigned management skills such as collaborating, communicating, delegating, financing, innovating, leading, mentoring, monitoring, planning and problem-solving; and the level of school productivity in terms of teaching productivity as to teachers’ efficacy and satisfaction, school performance as to awards and recognition and school management as to school culture and participation. The findings and the result of the study revealed that the variation to school productivity is explained by the educational leaders’ management skills such as collaborating, communicating, financing, innovating, leading, monitoring, planning and problem solving. It also revealed that school productivity does not vary with delegating and mentoring skill of educational leaders. Among
The impact of external institutional shocks on Russian regions

The aim is to assess the susceptibility of the regional economy to shocks associated with unexpected changes in institutional rules, trading instruments, as well as accession to international organizations. The impulse response approach to the study of shocks served as a methodological basis. The authors propose and test a new methodological approach that consists in identifying regions characterized by persistent development or a potential for changing the gross regional product as a response to an external shock impulse. It also allows to determine resonant factors that affect the vulnerability, depth and scale of economic consequences. The study reveals that an external institutional shock influences the economic development of regions in various ways, which is due to a number of vulnerability factors. This leads to the formation of territories that differ in the level of susceptibility to shocks and possess the ability to maintain the trend of economic development.
ANALYSING THE EFFECT OF SELF-EFFICACY AND INFLUENCERS ON DESIGN TEAM PERFORMANCE

Abstract Social media influencers (SMI) are gaining interest and many are studying their influence on the online audience, little is known about the role played by them in offline teams. One such attempt to study the effect of influencers in co-design team is presented in this paper, where individuals who are confident in their abilities drive the team process. Thus, self-efficacy is considered for determining influencer behaviour. Results expose the relationship between self-efficacy and influencer status on the design process, besides briefly highlighting the effects on above-average teams.
Incidence, legislations and strategies of control of mycotoxins in North African countries

Mycotoxins are natural food and feed contaminants mainly produced by filamentous and ubiquitous fungi of genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. Due to the high stability of mycotoxins, contamination can occurs in the field, during storage, processing and post-processing steps, under favorable conditions of temperature and water activity. These compounds pose serious economic and health problems worldwide and show different toxicological effects in humans and animals. North African populations are exposed to the risk of mycotoxins due to consumption of contaminated food. These countries are surrounded by Mediterranean Sea and have a climate characterized by high humidity and temperature, which probably favors the growth of molds. During the last decades, many studies have reported the occurrence of different mycotoxins in food commodities in North African countries. Tolerable limits for mycotoxins have been established in these countries but legislations do not include all mycotoxins. In addition, researchers try to establish strategies to prevent and reduce mycotoxin contamination, but studies still rare and not include all mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi. This review presents an overview of the main investigations about the occurrence of mycotoxins and toxigenic mycobiota in food commodities commercialized in North African countries and the regulation limits which are in force in these countries.
Genomic Characterization and Virulence Potential of Two Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Cultured from the International Space Station

This is the first study to isolate and characterize F. oxysporum isolates from a built environment, as well as one that has been exposed to space. The characterization and analysis of these two genomes may have important implications for the medical, agricultural, and food industries as well as for the health of the crew who coinhabit the ISS with these strains. ABSTRACT Two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, ISS-F3 and ISS-F4, were cultured from the dining table on the International Space Station (ISS). Genomic analyses using EF-1α sequences, presence/absence of effector proteins, k-mer comparisons, and single nucleotide polymorphisms indicate that these two strains are genomically different from 65 known sequenced strains. Functional analysis revealed that ISS-F3/F4 had higher relative abundances of polyketide synthase domains than a non-plant-pathogenic soil isolate, used for biocontrol properties (Fo47), and a clinical isolate (FOSC-3a). Putative secondary metabolite analysis indicates that ISS-F3/F4 may produce yet-unreported polyketides and nonribosomal peptides. While genomic analysis showed that these ISS strains are unlikely to be plant pathogens, a virulence assay using an immunocompromised Caenorhabditis elegans model of fusariosis revealed that they were virulent and may represent opportunistic pathogens in animals, including humans. However, its effects on the health of immunocompromised humans warrant further study. IMPORTANCE This is the first study to isolate and characterize F. oxysporum isolates from a built environment, as well as one that has been exposed to space. The characterization and analysis of these two genomes may have important implications for the medical, agricultural, and food industries as well as for the health of the crew who coinhabit the ISS with these strains.
Performance Characteristics of a Stationary Constant Speed Compression Ignition Engine on Alcohol-Diesel Microemulsions

A 3.73 kW stationary, constant speed CI engine was tested on six selected ethanol-ethyl acetate-diesel microemulsions viz. 2000-10/9/81, 2000-15/9.5/75.5, 2000-20/10/70, 1900-10/22/68, 1900-15/25/60 and 1900-20/29/51. The performance of the engine was evaluated in terms of brake power, fuel consumption, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, emissions of carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbon, nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide, exhaust gas and lubricating oil temperature. All the engine and emission parameters were determined at no load, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 110 percent load. The observed parameters were compared to assess the compatibility of microemulsions as CI engine fuel. The study showed that the engine developed almost similar brake power on emulsion fuels. The brake specific fuel consumption of the engine at rated load was found as 302, 345, 338, 341, 339, 308 and 348g/kW-h on diesel and microemulsion specified above respectively. The brake thermal efficiency of the engine was 25.4 percent on diesel. However, on microemulsions it was 22.8, 24.7, 25.0, 25.4, 30.1 and 28.1 percent on the microemulsion at the rated load respectively. A reduction of 1.4 to 44.4 percent of CO on emulsified fuels was observed as compared to diesel. The emission of unburnt hydrocarbon was found marginally higher on the microemulsions but was comparable. A highest reduction of 24 percent in the emission of nitric oxide was found on the 1900-20/29/51 microemulsion prepared using 1900 proof ethanol. The emission of nitrogen dioxide was lower on microemulsions for most of the brake load conditions in the comparison to that of diesel. NO2 was further reduced on microemulsions prepared using 1900 proof aqueous ethanol.