Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Risky Choice and Memory for Effort: Hard Work Stands Out

When deciding between different courses of action, both the potential outcomes and the costs of making a choice should be considered. To date, most studies of risk-sensitive choice have focused on the probability of different reward amounts. Here we studied choice between options that varied in the riskiness of the effort (number of responses) required. People made repeated choices between pairs of options that required them to click different numbers of sequentially presented response circles. Easy (low effort) options led to small numbers of response circles, whereas hard (high effort) options led to larger numbers of response circles. For both easy and hard options, safe options led to a fixed effort, whereas risky options led to variable effort that, with a 50/50 chance, required more or less effort. Participants who showed a preference for easier over harder options (63% in Experiment 1 and 93% in Experiment 2) were risk averse overall. Participants were more risk averse for decisions involving hard options than for decisions involving easy options. On subsequent memory tests, people most readily recalled the hardest outcome, and they overestimated its frequency of occurrence. Strikingly, memory for the effort associated with each risky option strongly correlated with risky choices for both easy-effort and hard-effort choices, suggesting that the memory may determine choices based on risky effort.
Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Kualitas Hidup Lansia Pada Masa COVID-19

Lansia merupakan salah satu yang rentan terhadap penularan Covid-19 dikarenakan rendahnya imunitas tubuh dan penyakit kronis yang dialami lansia. Dukungan keluarga sangat diperlukan agar kualitas hidup dan kesehatan lansia tetap terjaga secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kualitas hidup lansia pada masa Covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif korelasi dan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah Purposive Sampling dengan jumlah responden 125 responden. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah kuesioner dukungan keluarga dan kualitas hidup WHOQOL-BREF. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dukungan keluarga dengan kategori baik (70.4%) dan kualitas hidup lansia dengan kategori baik (89%). Hasil uji statistik menggunakan uji fisher’s diperoleh nilai p value < α (0.05), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kualitas hidup lansia pada masa Covid-19. Nilai Odd Ratio 41.760 menunjukkan lansia yang dukungan keluarga baik maka kualitas hidupnya mempunyai peluang 41.760 kali lebih baik. Rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya membahas faktor kualitas hidup lebih domain (misalnya, domain fisik, psikososial, sosial dan lingkungan) dan memasukkan lansia tinggal dengan pasangan/sendiri kedalam inklusi
An in vitro evaluation of surface roughness, color stability and bacterial accumulation of lithium disilicate ceramic after prophylactic periodontal treatment

Objective: to evaluate the effect of scaling procedures using different ultrasonic tips on the surface roughness, color stability and bacterial accumulation of lithium disilicate ceramic. Material and Methods: Scaling procedure was carried out using ultrasonic scaler (Satalec, Acteon, North America) with stainless-steel tip (US), titanium tip (UT) and plastic tip (UP), on disc shaped lithium disilicate samples cemented into a cavity prepared onto the labial surface of freshly extracted bovine teeth (10 samples per group). The samples were stored in coffee solution in an incubator at 37°C for 12 days, which is equivalent to 1 year of coffee consumption. The surface roughness was measured before and after the scaling procedure using a profilometer and atomic force microscopy. The color parameters were measured before and after scaling and staining procedures using VITA Easyshade Advance 4.0 according to the CIE L*a*b* color order system. The samples were then incubated with Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) suspension. After incubation, the plates with 30 to 300 typical colonies of S. mutans were counted in a colony counter and mean values of colony forming units were obtained (CFU/mL). Results: The titanium scaling tip showed a statistically significant higher mean values of change in surface roughness Ra and bacterial count than the plastic scaling tip. Color changes (E) were not a statistically significant among the groups. The results showed a statistically significant positive (direct) correlation between surface roughness and color change (p = 0.012) and also between surface roughness and bacterial count (p = 0.00). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, titanium scaling instruments cause irreversible surface alterations of lithium disilcate ceramics which was in direct correlation to the color changes and bacterial accumulation; therefore, dentists should proceed with caution when scaling lithium disilicate surfaces. The findings of the current study may indicate the need for instruments or equipment that can remove plaque and calculus without causing surface damage. Keywords Surface properties; Color; Bacterial adhesion; Ultrasonics; Dental scaling; Ceramics.
The Role of Galanin, Alarin, Irisin, PGC1-Α and BDNF in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease

The roles of novel peptides such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1- alpha (PGC1-α), irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), galanin and alarin in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not fully known. It was aimed to plasma levels of the novel peptides that may affect the pathophysiology of AD were examined. This study was conducted as a cross-sectional. The study consisted of two groups, including 45 newly diagnosed individuals with AD and 45 healthy individuals. The peptide levels in plasma samples collected from the groups were measured by the ELISA method. The mean plasma peptide levels and age differences, between the groups, and the correlations between them were analyzed by the statistically. The means ages of both groups were over 65 years old. When plasma PGC1-α, irisin, BDNF, galanin, and alarin levels between the groups were examined, decreases were found in the group with AD (3.56±0.79ng/mL, 16.33±4.07ng/mL, 3.36±1.47ng/mL, 13.93±4.24ng/L, 31.99±11.89pg/mL, respectively) compared to the control group (4.23±1.31ng/mL, 22.19±9.61ng/mL, 4.58±2.10ng/mL, 14.4±9.01ng/L, 54.93±15.80pg/mL, respectively). In the negative correlations observed between age and plasma peptide levels. Significant positive correlations were observed between plasma PGC1-α levels and irisin, alarin, and BDNF, and the significant positive correlations were also observed between plasma BDNF levels and irisin and alarin. As far as we know, the study is the first report in which the peptides mentioned in AD were examined together. We consider that more detailed studies are needed to shed light on the roles and mechanisms of these peptides in AD.
KDELR2 knockdown synergizes with temozolomide to induce glioma cell apoptosis through the CHOP and JNK/p38 pathways

Background The C-terminal tetrapeptide Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu receptors (KDELRs) are transmembrane proteins that regulate ER stress (ERS) response, growth, differentiation, and immune responses. There is an association between KDELR2and promotion of glioblastoma tumorigenesis. The aim of the present study was to explore the functional mechanism of KDELR2 in glioma and during response to chemotherapy to temozolomide (TMZ). Methods The expression of KDELR2 in glioma tissues and cells was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blot and RT-qPCR assay. Then role of KDELR2 was demonstrated by CCK8, colony formation, flow cytometry and Hochest 33258 assays. The expression of genes (ATF4, ATF6, PERK, eIF2-α, GRP78 and CHOP) in U373 cells was evaluated by RT-qPCR. The protein expression of genes (cleaved caspase 3, caspase 3, cleaved PARP, PARP, Bax, Bcl-2, JNK, p-JNK, p38, p-p38, ATF4, ATF6, XBP-1s, PERK, p-PERK, GRP78 and CHOP) was measured by western blot assay. Results The expression of KDELR2 was upregulated in high-grade gliomas tissues. KDELR2 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation but increased cell apoptosis. Further, Knockdown of KDELR2 also activated the ER stress (ERS)-dependent CHOP pathway, and resulted in increased levels of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. Moreover, the combination of KDELR2 knockdown and TMZ application showed a synergistic cytotoxic effect in U373 cells through the ERS-dependent CHOP and JNK/p38 pathways. Conclusions KDELR2 knockdown induces apoptosis and sensitizes glioma cells to TMZ, which is mediated by the ERS-dependent CHOP and JNK/p38 pathways.
Effect of WO3 Loading on the Activity of Pt/WO3/Al2O3 Catalysts in Selective Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to 1,3-Propanediol

The effect of WO3 loading on the activity of Pt/WO3/Al2O3 with loadings of 2–20 wt % WO3 in hydrogenolysis of glycerol was investigated. Pt/WO3/Al2O3 with 7 wt % WO3 loading (coverage of Al2O3 with.
Machining quality comparison of Al-TiB2 composite using conventional EDM and magnetic force-assisted powder-mixed EDM

ABSTRACT Now a day’s researchers are working hard to improve the process performance of unconventional or advanced machining processes by hybridising them with other mechanisms. In the present research, a hybrid variant of electrical discharge machining (EDM) has been proposed by developing a setup to create a rotating magnetic field near the machining zone and also by mixing a conductive powder (chromium, 325 mesh size) on a separate dielectric tank. The machining performance of indigenously developed hybrid magnetic force assisted powder mixed electric discharge machining (MFPEDM) has been compared with conventional EDM during machining of Al-TiB2 metal matrix composite. The comparison results elucidate considerable improvements in material removal rate (39.27%), surface finish (54.45%), and overcut (44.97%) by MFPEDM as compared to EDM.
Role of Nb-bearing inhibitors in grain-oriented silicon steel manufactured by low-temperature slab reheating process

A comparative study of precipitates, microstructure, texture and magnetic properties between conventional and Nb-bearing grain oriented silicon steel was carried out. The results show that fine and dispersed Nb-bearing particles are formed in Nb-bearing steel and show stronger pinning force during the whole heat treatment process, which makes a significant effect on the microstructure and texture evolution during the preparation process. Compared to conventional grain oriented silicon steel, Nb-bearing steel exhibits finer microstructure and possesses more Goss grains in hot-rolled band and normalized band. In primary recrystallized band, fine and uniform microstructure is presented in Nb-bearing steel, meanwhile, it is also characterized by strong γ-fiber and {114}<481> texture. After final annealing, Nb-bearing steel shows better magnetic properties, B 800=1.87 T and P 1.7/50=1.25 W kg-1. In summary, niobium can be used as an effective inhibitor formation element to produce high quality Nb-bearing grain oriented silicon steel manufactured by low-temperature slab reheating process.
Regulation of dynamin-mediated membrane fission by the N-BAR protein endophilin

Eukaryotic cells are composed of different compartments with defined biological functions. Transport of molecules from one compartment to another, as well as from and to the plasma membrane, occurs via membrane vesicles. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the most studied pathway for the formation of such a vesicle. The GTPase dynamin mediates the final membrane fission step in this process. This thesis describes the experimental work to clarify how a specific class of crescent-shaped proteins called N-BAR proteins regulate dynamin-mediated membrane fission. Endophilin, one of the N-BAR proteins, was taken as an example. The major experimental technique is the nanotube pulling assay, an in-vitro essay using purified proteins. Other chapters of this thesis explore curvature-inducing properties of the clathrin adapter AP180 and the curvature-dependent activity of yeast Vps34 complex I. Additionally, this thesis analyses structural consequences of mutations in dynamin and another N-BAR protein, BIN1/amphiphysin 2, which cause the hereditary muscle disease CNM (centronuclear myopathy).
Corrective Feedback, Self-Esteem and Mathematics Learning Outcomes

One of the strategies to respond the formative assessment results is corrective feedback. Through corrective feedback, it can be verified and elaborated the part of each items where an error occurs which must be reviewed and corrected by students based on the signs given. The purpose of this research is to review the effect of corrective feedback on formative evaluation and mathematics self-esteem on student’s mathematics learning outcome on junior high school by controlling the prior mathematics knowledge of students. The samples were 120 seventh grade students in junior high school on first semester chosen by using random sampling. The method in this research is quasi experiment by using the design of treatment by level 2 × 2. Data were analyzed by using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). After controlling the prior mathematics knowledge of students, in general, direct corrective feedback was more suited to increase mathematics learning outcomes on junior high school student than indirect corrective feedback. There was an interaction effect on providing corrective feedback and self-esteem on the mathematics learning outcomes. For the student who have high self-esteem, indirect corrective feedback is more suitable to increase mathematics learning outcomes while for the students who have low self-esteem, direct corrective feedback is more suitable to increase mathematics learning outcomes. It is recommended to the mathematics teachers to provide corrective feedback after provision of formative assessment in their class.
Ultimatum Game Bargaining Behaviour: A Classroom Experiment

This study aims to investigate the types of bargaining behaviour students have and the variables that affect these bargaining behaviours by designing an ultimatum bargaining game in the classroom environment (during the real exam). The experimental group consists of 202 students who took the spring term economics final exam. The strategic interaction between students was formulated as a two-person bargaining problem. A cooperative solution was based on the Nash solution also obtained for bargaining problem among students. The findings of this study show that the highest bargaining equilibrium in this game is the equilibrium status based on the Nash solution. Moreover, we concluded that the success of the economy course and the grade-level affect the students’ behaviour according to the equilibrium strategy based on the Nash solution. JEL Classifications: C90, C70, C78, C57
Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index is Associated With the Quality of Sleep in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients

Objective High disease activity of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with poor sleep quality The purpose of this study was to identify which of the representative tools for evaluating the disease activity of AS best reflect the quality of sleep Methods A total of 107 AS patients were enrolled in the study and the sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Age, sex, concomitant medication, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level, Beck Depression Inventory second edition (BDI-II), Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score (ASDAS)-ESR, ASDAS-CRP, pain visual analog scale, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were analyzed as covariates Results Overall, 65% (70/107) of subjects reported poor sleep quality (PSQI>5) There was a positive correlation between the sleep quality and disease activity as measured by the BASDAI, ASDAS-ESR, and ASDAS-CRP In addition, the BASDAI demonstrated good correlations with ISI, ESS, and BDI-II, respectively However, only BASDAI showed reliable correlation with PSQI among the disease activity parameters of AS (adjusted odd ratio 5.36, p=0.023) Conclusion BASDAI is the most reliable parameter of disease activity associated with the sleep quality in patients with AS
Feasibility Study of Using Absolute SPAD Values for Standardized Evaluation of Corn Nitrogen Status

Nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for corn (Zea mays L.) should ensure high yields using adequate N doses. Soil–plant analysis development (SPAD) meter technology using absolute SPAD values, might be more reliable than relative SPAD values in helping corn producers making timely decisions about N applications. This study aimed to develop a relationship between absolute SPAD values and leaf N concentration, and to determine optimal leaf N concentrations at early corn growth stages (V6, V8, V10, and V12). Three experiments were conducted during two summer seasons (2014 and 2015) using six N treatments applied at early corn growth stages. In parallel, two experiments were carried out in a high residual N environment to establish the optimum corn leaf N concentration. Results showed a significant linear relationship between corn leaf N concentrations and absolute SPAD values (R2 = 0.80, p < 0.05). The mean optimum corn leaf N concentration decreased over corn growth stages. It is of great importance to make the absolute SPAD method accessible for farmers, but more research is required to perform standardized reading of absolute SPAD values data.
Students’ View on Using Online Application to Work on Online Assignment

This research aimed to examine students’ views on using online applications, particularly Edmodo to do online assignments (e-assignment). This study was conducted at Universitas Muslim Maros in the English language education department. Eight students joined as the participants voluntarily. This research used qualitative research with a semi-structured interview method. Data were recorded then transcribed. The data then were analyzed using thematic analysis. The result showed that most participants were engaged to work on their assignments online. Positive views were given by the participants as they gained effective learning through the online assignment. However, some students felt the pressure when doing online learning. The big problems are a low internet connection and the use of timer features.
Erosion protection by winter state of salt marsh vegetation

Abstract The inclusion of coastal ecosystems in coastal protection strategies is highly desired, but for temperate regions it is hampered by uncertainty about the provision of relevant ecosystem services over the annual growth cycle. This flume study compared winter stages of the two salt marsh species Spartina anglica and Elymus athericus with and without above ground biomass to bare soil to assess their protection service against vertical bed erosion in the surf and swash zone. Results yielded no effect of the above ground biomass on mean erosion, even though the species responded differently with E. athericus buckling and S. anglica withstanding the hydrodynamic forcing. Equally, no significant differences were observed between species which is attributed to the comparable dry root biomass and soil bulk density of the used vegetated patches. While this similarity does not allow for establishment of quantitative relationships, the results suggest a species independent erosion protection efficiency persisting throughout the year. This has the potential to simplify the consideration of erosion protection by salt marsh in coastal protection strategies, as it alleviates the need for detailed differentiation on species or seasonal level of this ecosystem service.
Confined Friedel oscillations on Au(111) terraces probed by thermovoltage scanning tunneling microscopy

The spatial dependence of the local density of states at the Fermi level of a stepped Au(111) surface is studied by thermovoltage scanning tunneling microscopy. The periodicity of the standing waves is not given by λ F / 2 = 1 . 8 nm, as expected based on the band diagram of Au(111), but rather varies between 1.5 and 2.1 nm depending on the exact width of the terraces. This counterintuitive result can be understood by considering the superposition of incident and reﬂected electron waves, which have a periodicity of λ F / 2. The change in periodicity is a direct consequence of the decaying nature of the Friedel oscillations.
A conceptual framework for assessing the public health effects from snus and novel non-combustible nicotine products

Objective: The tobacco industry plans to base their future earnings on the production of non-combustible nicotine products. These might replace or come in addition to the more harmful cigarettes that historically have dominated the nicotine market in the Nordic countries. The authorities in each country must decide whether the products should have market access and, in that case, how strictly they should be regulated. Our aim is to present a framework that can assist the health authorities to make a regulation where benefits will outweigh the harms. Method: In a public health perspective, health gains from substitution must be weighed against the health loss from additional use. The main elements of the weighing will be based on the information about the absolute risk of the products, their relative risk compared to conventional cigarettes and how the users are composed according to smoking status. We apply the framework on snus as used in Norway – a product with an established usage pattern and epidemiologically assessed health risks. Results: The framework consists of (i) a comprehensive set of specific user patterns that may result in health deterioration and user patterns that may result in health benefits, (ii) an estimation of the number of people with health-augmenting and health-impairing user patterns, respectively, and (iii) an estimation of the degree of health deterioration or health benefit that will affect the persons with the different user patterns. Conclusion: The net effect on public health will appear as an overall result of the number of people with positive and negative user patterns, respectively, in combination with the magnitude of the change in health status these people will experience. The use of an explicit framework highlights how a political decision may affect nicotine use and health-related outcomes. The framework breaks open a large and complex question into smaller pieces and requires the authorities to expose and explain the kind of evidence and reasoning behind regulations of novel nicotine products.
Kinerja Keuangan Kabupaten Belitung Timur: Kontribusi Dan Efektivitas Hasil Pengelolaan Kakayaan Daerah yang Dipisahkan Sebagai Sumber Pendapatan Asli Daerah

The research aims to analyze the contribution and effectiveness as well as influence of result of the segregated asset management as local own-source revenue. The method used was descriptive statistic with ratio analysis and simple linier regression analysis. The data used were secondary in the orm of regional income report of East Belitung Regency from 2015-2019.The result showed that the average contribution pf the segregated regional asset management is 3.34% that classified as very low. The average effectiveness ratio is 100.08% which classified as very effective. The simple linier regression test result showed that the contribution of the segregated regional asset management has a positive and significant effect on the local own-source revenue of East Belitung Regency.