Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pre- and post-operative psychological interventions to prevent pain and fatigue after breast cancer surgery (PREVENT): a randomized controlled trial

Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer type among women worldwide with over a million new cases each year. More than 40% of these women will struggle with chronic pain and fatigue after surgery, regardless of surgical procedure. These consequences are detrimental and result in distress and disability, including work disability. Few attempts have been made to prevent chronic pain and fatigue after surgery by applying a psychological approach, despite psychological risk factors being crucial in the development of both chronic pain and fatigue. In this study, we aim to develop and test an easily implementable strategy of preventing chronic pain and fatigue after breast cancer surgery. The intervention strategy involves a pre-operative hypnosis session and a web-based post-operative Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The hypnosis has previously been found effective in alleviating acute post-operative pain and fatigue in breast cancer patients, while ACT is well suited to cancer populations as it offers a model of healthy adaptation to difficult circumstances. Together they form an intervention strategy with both a preventive and a rehabilitative focus. Methods/design This randomized controlled trial aims to estimate the effects of the pre- and post- operative interventions compared to attentional control and treatment as usual (TAU) and will also include a qualitative process evaluation. Participants will be randomized to receive either a pre-operative brief hypnosis session and a post-operative web-based psychological intervention (iACT) or a pre-operative one-session mindfulness through an audio file and post-operative TAU. Self-reported questionnaire data and biomarker data will be assessed pre-surgery, post-surgery and 3 and 12 months after surgery. In addition, we will assess registry data on sick leave and prescriptions until 2-year follow-up. In the qualitative process evaluation, data will be collected from participants from both study arms (through interviews and a diary) and two different analyses performed (socio-narrative and Grounded Theory) with the objective to describe the development of chronic post-surgical pain and fatigue and the potential influence of the interventions on these processes. The study is set-up to demonstrate a minimum difference in pain of 1 point on NRS (0-10) and 3 points on FACIT-F (0-52) between the groups at 3-months follow-up by including 200 breast cancer patients in total. Discussion This trial will be the first study to estimate the effect of a combined pre-operative hypnosis with a post-operative iACT to prevent pain and fatigue after breast cancer surgery. The results from our study might i) help the large group of women affected by chronic pain and fatigue after breast cancer surgery, ii) shed light on the mechanisms involved in chronic pain and fatigue development, and iii) serve as a model for other surgical procedures.
Time-specific effects of a multifaceted intervention on accelerometer-measured physical activity in primary school children: A cluster-randomized controlled trial

Background It is unclear whether intervention effects on school-aged children's physical activity differ across specific periods of the week or day. This study aimed to assess the time-specific intervention effects on accelerometer-measured physical activity in primary school children. Methods This was a nested study in a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted from September 2018 to June 2019 in China. The intervention group included 4 schools (119 children) and the control group included 4 schools (99 children) in Beijing. The obesity prevention intervention engaged schools and families to improve children's physical activity. Outcome measures included accelerometer-assessed intensity and amounts of physical activity within specific periods of a week (weekday/weekend day) or a day (in-school/out-of-school periods). Linear mixed models were used to estimate intervention effects. Subgroup analyses were also conducted to examine potential moderators including sex, age, body mass index, physical activity, and accelerometer compliance. Results The intervention lead to an increase in time engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) within in-school periods of a day (adjusted mean difference: 0.54 minutes/hour; 95% confidence interval: 0.13, 0.94, P = 0.012) but it did not improve physical activity within out-of-school periods (P > 0.05) compared with the control group. There was no difference in the effect size across most of the moderators except for age, as younger children appeared to benefit more from the intervention in the improvement of in-school MVPA (Pinteraction = 0.035). No between-group differences were observed in physical activity within the whole weekday or weekend day (P > 0.05). Conclusion The intervention effectively increased MVPA within in-school periods but did not improve out-of-school physical activity. Findings support the tailoring of intervention components to specific periods of a day to improve school-aged children's whole pattern of physical activity.
Grey matter morphometric biomarkers for classifying early schizophrenia and PD psychosis: a multicentre study

Abstract Background: Psychotic symptoms occur in a majority of schizophrenia patients, and in approximately 50% of all Parkinson s disease (PD) patients. Altered grey matter (GM) structure within several brain areas and networks may contribute to their pathogenesis. Little, however, is known about transdiagnostic similarities when psychotic symptoms occur in different disorders, such as schizophrenia and PD. Methods: The present study investigated a large, multicenter sample containing 722 participants: 146 patients with first episode psychosis, FEP; 106 individuals at-risk mental state for developing psychosis, ARMS; 145 healthy controls matching FEP and ARMS, Con-Psy; 92 PD patients with psychotic symptoms, PDP; 145 PD patients without psychotic symptoms, PDN; 88 healthy controls matching PDN and PDP, Con-PD. We applied source-based morphometry in association with receiver operating curves (ROC) analyses to identify common GM structural covariance networks (SCN) and investigated their accuracy in identifying the different patient groups. We assessed group-specific homogeneity and variability across the different networks and potential associations with clinical symptoms. Results: SCN-extracted GM values differed significantly between FEP and Con-Psy, PDP and Con-PD as well as PDN and Con-PD, indicating significant overall grey matter reductions in PD and early schizophrenia. ROC analyses showed that SCN-based classification algorithms allow good classification (AUC~0.80) of FEP and Con-Psy, and fair performance (AUC~0.72) when differentiating PDP from Con-PD. Importantly, best performance was found in partly overlapping networks including the precuneus. Finally, reduced GM volume in SCN with increased variability was linked to increased psychotic symptoms in both FEP and PDP. Conclusion: Alterations within selected SCNs seem to be related to the presence of psychotic symptoms in both early schizophrenia and PD psychosis, indicating some commonality of underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, results provide first evidence that GM volume within specific SCNs may serve as a biomarker for identifying FEP and PDP.
Factors associated with repeat childbirth among Adolescent Mothers in Soroti District, Teso sub-region, Uganda: A cross-sectional study

The percentage of adolescent mothers aged 15 to 19 years with a repeat childbirth in Uganda (26.1%) is higher than the global estimate (18.5%). Soroti district tops Teso (a region with highest adolescent childbearing rate nationally) in adolescent childbearing. Adolescent repeat childbearing (ARC) is associated with poor health outcomes, increased risk of stillbirth, maternal and child mortality, thus a public health concern. The factors associated with, and the burden, of ARC remains unknown in Soroti district. Consequently, interventions which combat ARC in Soroti district have not been informed by empirical data. This study determined the proportion of adolescent mothers with, and factors associated with, repeat childbirth among adolescent mothers in Soroti district. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving mixed methods of data collection. Interviewer-administered structured interviews were conducted amongst 422 adolescent mothers. Demographic and socio-economic data of respondents, data regarding respondents family and peer related factors was collected. Chi-square was the test statistics used. Multivariate analysis was by logistic regression. Of the 422 respondents, 31.28% (132) were married. Proportion of respondents with repeat childbirth was at 30.81% (95%CI: 26.57%-35.39%). Risk factors of ARC were (a) being married, AOR 5.74 (95%CI: 3.08-10.68), (b) incorrect knowledge of rhythm method, AOR 2.15 (95%CI: 1.21-3.82), (c) Age at first birth, AOR 0.48 (95%CI: 0.36-0.63). Protective factors of ARC included (a) not drinking alcohol, AOR 0.41(95%CI: 0.21-0.77), not being raped, AOR 0.19(95%CI: 0.06-0.55), having first childbirth from health facility, AOR 0.38 (95%CI: 0.18-0.78) and father of first baby without multiple sexual partners, AOR 0.40(95%CI: 0.22-0.72). In conclusion, sexual partner characteristics were associated with ARC suggesting male involvement (for example in family planning) in prevention of ARC. In addition, strengthening the implementation of anti-teen marriage programs and alcohol consumption policies, and instating measures to delay age at first delivery among adolescent mothers are required. Further research is needed to validate these findings.
Decreased cerebral blood flow in non-hospitalized adults who self-isolated due to COVID-19

The long-term consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on brain physiology and function are not yet well understood. From the recently described NeuroCOVID-19 study, we examined cerebral blood flow (CBF) in 50 participants recruited to one of two groups: 1) adults who previously self-isolated at home due to COVID-19 (n = 39; 116.5 {+/-} 62.2 days since positive diagnosis), or 2) adults who experienced flu-like symptoms but had a negative COVID-19 diagnosis (n = 11). Participants underwent arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla to yield measures of CBF. Voxel-wise analyses of CBF were performed to assess for between-group differences, after controlling for age and sex. Relative to controls, the COVID-19 group exhibited decreased CBF in the thalamus, orbitofrontal cortex, and regions of the basal ganglia. Within the COVID-19 group, CBF differences in occipital and parietal regions were observed between those with (n = 11) and without (n = 28) self-reported on-going fatigue. These results suggest long-term changes in brain physiology in adults across the post-COVID-19 timeframe. Moreover, CBF may aid in understanding the heterogeneous symptoms of the post-COVID-19 condition. Future longitudinal studies are needed to further characterize the consequences of COVID-19 on the brain.
Polysaccharide A Expression Depends on Bacteroides fragilis Commensal Disease Protection by the Human Central Nervous System Demyelinating

The importance of gut commensal bacteria in maintaining immune homeostasis is increasingly understood. We recently described that alteration of the gut microﬂora can affect a population of Foxp3 + T reg cells that regulate demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the experimental model of human multiple sclerosis. We now extend our previous observations on the role of commensal bacteria in CNS demyelination, and we demonstrate that Bacteroides fragilis producing a bacterial capsular polysaccharide Ag can protect against EAE. Recolonization with wild type B. fragilis maintained resistance to EAE, whereas reconstitution with polysaccharide A-deﬁcient B. fragilis restored EAE susceptibility. Enhanced numbers of Foxp3 + T reg cells in the cervical lymph nodes were observed after intestinal recolonization with either strain of B. fragilis . Ex vivo, CD4 + T cells obtained from mice reconstituted with wild type B. fragilis had signiﬁcantly enhanced rates of conversion into IL-10– producing Foxp3 + T reg cells and offered greater protection against disease. Our results suggest an important role for commensal bacterial Ags, in particular B. fragilis expressing polysaccharide A, in protecting against CNS demyelination in EAE and perhaps human multiple sclerosis. The Journal of Immunology , 2010, 185: 4101–4108.
Effect of Gap and Diameter Ratio on Vortex-induced Forces for Cylinders in Tandem at Re=100

The article investigates fluctuations of the vortex-induced loads related to the effects of gap and diameter ratio on the mean drag and lift coefficients of the downstream cylinder, when two circular stationary cylinders of different diameters are arranged in a tandem configuration. The study is performed with the method of computational fluid dynamics for the low Reynolds number of 100. The benchmarking of the numerical model is followed by the parametric investigation with the variation of: a) the ratio of diameters of the upstream to downstream cylinder (d/D), in order to observe the effects associated with relative sizes of structures; b) the gap-to-diameter ratio (G/D), in order to observe the combined effects of varying these geometrical quantities. The results demonstrate a rapid change in the mean drag and lift coefficient values at the gap-to-diameter ratio between 2.0 and 3.0 at the diameter ratios of 0.7 and 1.0.
Supplementation of phytase and its combination with xylanase, amylase and protease (XAP) on performance and bone mineralization of broiler chicken

Phytase is the most common enzyme used in broiler diet mainly to improve phosphorus (P) digestibility and reduce P excretion to environment, but its effectiveness together with other enzymes such as xylanase, amylase and protease (XAP) is not widely evaluated. Current study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Buttiauxella spp. phytase supplementation at 1000 FTU/kg alone and its combination with XAP (2000 U/kg xylanase, 200 U/kg amylase and 4000 U/kg protease) on broiler performance and bone mineralization. A total 2849 male broilers Lohmann Indian River (LIR) were randomly assigned to 7 treatments with 11 replications. Treatments were positive control (PC) using standard diet followed LIR recommendation, negative control 1 (NC1) with nutrient reduction of 0.19% units available P, 0.2% units calcium (Ca), 0.41% units crude protein (CP) and 69 kcal/kg AME, NC2 applied similar reduction except for AME which was 105 kcal/kg, and on top of NCs was phytase and/or XAP supplementation. NC1 and NC2 significantly (P<0.05) reduced body weight, mortality-corrected feed conversion ratio (McFCR) and toe ash percentage compared to PC. Phytase alone on top of NCs significantly (P<0.05) improved body weight, McFCR and toe ash percentage. Further, combination of phytase with XAP numerically showed better weight gain, McFCR and broiler index (BI). These data suggest phytase and/or XAP supplementation is effective to maintain broiler performance and toe ash under nutrient deficiency, this because enzymes able to reduce the anti-nutritional effect and lead to better nutrient digestibility.
Prediction of incipient cavitation in micro tubular propeller turbine

Cavitation is a phenomenon that cavities or bubbles form in a liquid when static pressure falls below the vapor pressure. It can damage the machine, hence it is recommended to be avoided in the design and operation of the machine. In this study, the cavitation characteristics were numerically investigated with a change in the flow rate of a micro tubular propeller turbine. Here, the rotational speed was set to the value corresponding to the best efficiency point for each flow rate. A multiphase flow analysis incorporating water and water vapor was conducted, using the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri (ZGB) model as the cavitation model. Results show that the tip clearance is the first region where the cavitation starts to occur as the flow rate increases. At this time, the Thoma number was found to be 1.178. The second region where the cavitation occurs with further increases in the flow rate is in the vicinity of the leading edge. It turned out that the leading edge cavitation occurs when the Thoma number is below 1.111. As the tip clearance increases, the range of the flow rate that cavitation does not occur increases, but it reduces turbine performance. Therefore, the selection of appropriate tip clearance given the operating flow rate range and performance needs to be considered.
Analysis of an optimized radial impulse turbine for an OWC wave energy converter

OWC concept is one of the most spread technologies among wave energy converters due to several reasons. However, this technology has always deal with the problem of the inherent bidirectional flow. Many solutions have been adopted such as a flow rectification system combined with a unidirectional turbine, several types of bidirectional turbines such as Wells turbine or impulse turbine. In this work, it is shown the performance of an optimized geometry for a radial impulse turbine, which improvement is based on the re-designing of the blades and settling angles of the vanes. A CFD model, validated against results from the bibliography, has been used to simulate both a new and a previous geometry taken as reference. The results of both turbines have been analysed in terms of the loss coefficients for each element in order to analyse the advantages of the new geometry. It has been found that the new geometry exceeds the efficiency of the previous geometry by 5%, being this gain based on the fact that sacrificing the rotor’s efficiency could lead to a great improvement in the performance of the guide vanes, reducing their loss and, in turn, lifting the turbine’s efficiency despite reducing the rotor’s one.
Janus VXY monolayers with tunable large Berry curvature

The Rashba effect and valley polarization provide a novel paradigm in quantum information technology. However, practical materials are scarce. Here, we found a new class of Janus monolayers VXY (X = Cl, Br, I; Y = Se, Te) with excellent valley polarization effect. In particular, Janus VBrSe shows Zeeman type spin splitting of 14 meV, large Berry curvature of 182.73 bohr2, and, at the same time, a large Rashba parameter of 176.89 meV·Å. We use the k·p theory to analyze the relationship between the lattice constant and the curvature of the Berry. The Berry curvature can be adjusted by changing the lattice parameter, which will greatly improve the transverse velocities of carriers and promote the efficiency of the valley Hall device. By applying biaxial strain onto VBrSe, we can see that there is a correlation between Berry curvature and lattice constant, which further validates the above theory. All these results provide tantalizing opportunities for efficient spintronics and valleytronics.
TRAPPIST-1h as an Exo-Titan. I. The Role of Assumptions about Atmospheric Parameters in Understanding an Exoplanet Atmosphere

The TRAPPIST-1 system is home to at least seven terrestrial planets and is a target of interest for future James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations. Additionally, these planets will be of interest to future missions making observations in the ultraviolet (UV). Although several of these planets are located in the traditional habitable zone, where liquid water could exist on the surface, TRAPPIST-1h is interesting to explore as a potentially habitable ocean world analog. In this study, we evaluate the observability of a Titan-like atmosphere on TRAPPIST-1h. The ability of the JWST or a future UV mission to detect specific species in the atmosphere at TRAPPIST-1h will depend on how far each species extends from the surface. In order to understand the conditions required for detection, we evaluate the input parameters used in one-dimensional models to simulate the structure of Titan-like atmospheres. These parameters include surface temperature and pressure, temperature profile as a function of distance from the surface, composition of the minor species relative to N2, and the eddy diffusion coefficient. We find that JWST simulated spectra for cloud- and haze-free atmospheres are most sensitive to surface temperature, temperature gradients with altitude, and surface pressure. The importance of temperature gradients in JWST observations shows that a simple isothermal scale height is not ideal for determining temperature or atmospheric mean molecular mass in transit spectra from exoplanet atmospheres. We demonstrate that UV transmission spectra are sensitive to the upper atmosphere, where the exobase can be used to approximate the vertical extent of the atmosphere.
Effect of Supplementation Garlic (Allium sativum) by Various Processing on Performances of Broiler

This study evaluated the effect of feeding broiler garlic processing on performance. In a completely randomized design (CRD), 200 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four diet treatments, with five replicates of ten birds each. The treatment diets are as follows; the control T0 (0%), 3% fresh garlic (T1), 3% garlic powder (T2), and 3% black garlic powder (T3), respectively. Supplementation of black garlic powder would be more costly than others. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. The average temperature and humidity observed were 27±3°C and 83%. The parameters measured were; feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, final body weight, and mortality. The result showed that supplementation of garlic processing had a significant effect (P<0.05) on performances. T1 had the highest feed intake (P<0.05). The weight gain differs significantly (P<0.05) between T1 and T3. T2 had a significant impact on final body weight (P<0.05). Although tending to have a lower feed conversion ratio in T2, there is no significant effect on feed conversion ratio and mortality. It was reported that supplementing 3 % garlic powder (T2) improves broiler growth performance and final body weight.
Hydrologic Performance of Watershed-Scale Low-Impact Development in a High-Intensity Rainfall Region

AbstractThis paper evaluates watershed-scale hydrologic performance of low-impact development (LID) features at two catchments in the Houston, Texas, region. White Oak Bayou is a traditional urban watershed that is frequently plagued with flooding. In contrast, The Woodlands is a master-planned suburban community designed to preserve its natural hydrology by implementing large-scale conservation features. The objectives of this study are threefold: (1) to propose a method to simulate small-scale infiltration-based LID features over a large area by using a distributed hydrologic model; (2) to quantify the cumulative hydrologic responses of watershedwide LID implementation; and (3) to compare the flood reduction potential between two distinct LID strategies (conservation LID and retrofit LID). Conservation (master-planned) LID integrates large-scale features (e.g., riparian buffers and swales) early in a watershed’s development, whereas retrofit LID implements site-scale features (e.g., green roofs and rain.