Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Security Challenges, Attacks Taxonomy and Advanced Countermeasures in the Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) facilitates the integration between objects and different sensors to provide communication among them without human intervention. However, the extensive demand for IoT and its various applications has continued to grow, coupled with the need to achieve foolproof security requirements. IoT produces a vast amount of data under several constraints such as low processor, power, and memory. These constraints, along with the invaluable data produced by IoT devices, make IoT vulnerable to various security attacks. This paper presents an overview of IoT, its well-known system architecture, enabling technologies, and discusses security challenges and goals. Furthermore, we analyze security vulnerabilities and provide state-of-the-art security taxonomy. The taxonomy of the most relevant and current IoT security attacks is presented for application, network, and physical layers. While most other surveys studied one of the areas of security measures, this study considers and reports on the most advanced security countermeasures within the areas of autonomic, encryption, and learning-based approaches. Additionally, we uncover security challenges that may be met by the research community regarding security implementation in heterogeneous IoT environment. Finally, we provide different visions about possible security solutions and future research directions.
ALTERATION OF THE GUT MICROBIOME FOR PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: A REVIEW

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a set of multifactorial gut inflammatory conditions. The most common types of IBD are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), which are attributed to a deregulated immune response to an imbalance in the gut microbiome. The occurrence of IBD is increasing worldwide, with over one million people in the USA and 2.5 million in Europe estimated to have one form of the disease. Furthermore, an increase in IBD has recently been reported in industrialized countries in Asia, South America, Africa and the Middle East, which suggests that it has developed into a global disease with rising prevalence in each continent that may incur substantial healthcare costs in the future. Studying the gut microbiome of patients with IBD can provide a deeper understanding of the role that gut microbiota plays in the development of disease. This will further help in therapeutic microbiome manipulation of patients with IBD.
Reliability of measurements during countermovement jump assessments: Analysis of performance across subphases

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of performance measures in the different phases and sub-phases of the countermovement jump (CMJ). Seventeen male athletes competing at a regional level completed 204 valid trails consisting of the execution of maximal hands-on-waist CMJs performed on a force platform. The vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) data obtained at a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz were used to calculate performance-derived variables and determine key points and jump sub-phases. The relative reliability of 92 variables was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) from a two-way mixed effects model analyzing the time, force, power, velocity, and displacement variables across the different phases and sub-phases of the jump. The contact phase serves as a consistent approach (range ICC = .806 to .987), providing reliable information about the jump as a unit. Mean force was the only measure that presented high reliable values throughout all sub-phases (ICC = .931 to .963). The power and velocity variables were reliable from the point where force turned into an increasing value while displacement from minimum velocity was reached. Net impulse and ratios of force development showed high and acceptable values, respectively. Time-related variables were the least reliable measures (ICC = .587 to .720), showing acceptable reliability only in the contact phase and propulsive sub-phase. In conclusion, VGRF may be used to determine specific parameters during CMJ execution, although the appropriate variables should be selected based on acceptable levels of reliability.
New azobenzene-based chiral-photochromic substances with thermally stable Z-isomers and their use for the induction of a cholesteric mesophase with a phototunable helix pitch

Novel photosensitive azobenzene-containing substances with sorbitol- and lactate-based chiral fragments were synthesized to serve as chiral-photochromic dopants in cholesteric mixtures. Owing to the presence of chlorine or methyl lateral substituents in the azobenzene fragment of the dopants, the photoinduced Z-form of their molecules is highly stable. The photooptical properties of the prepared cholesteric mixtures were studied and it was shown that UV-irradiation of the planarly-oriented films results in a shift of the selective light reflection wavelength to a long-wavelength spectral region due to E–Z isomerization of the azobenzene moieties. This process is thermally and photooptically reversible and the rate of blue-light-induced helix twisting is comparable with the rate of the untwisting process, whereas the thermal relaxation completes only after ca. 40 days at room temperature (for a chlorine-substituted chiral-photochromic dopant). It was found that this value is almost two orders of magnitude less in comparison with the non-substituted chiral-photochromic dopant also studied in this work. The obtained results demonstrate the promising properties of the synthesized compounds for creation of novel photoswitchable cholesteric materials.
Feeding difficulties: etiology and growth parameters

Introduction: In the first year of life it is crucial to maintain a well-balanced diet. It ensures optimal growth and development of the child. Feeding difficulties experienced by a child might lead to impairment of the nutritional status. Despite the importance of the subject, we did not find much recent published information. The aim of the study was to assess the etiology and growth parameters in children with feeding difficulties. Material and methods: Children with feeding difficulties admitted to the Department of Pediatrics (September 2013 – April 2019) were recruited. Feeding difficulties were diagnosed by a minimum of two specialists. Based on medical records and clinical evaluation they were categorized as: organic, nonorganic or mixed (both medical and behavioral). To assess nutritional status weight, length/height, and body mass index (BMI) were obtained and compared with WHO reference standards. Results: Four hundred twenty-two children with mean age of 35 months (range: 3 to 156 months) were recruited. Fifty-three percent of feeding difficulties were nonorganic (behavioral), whereas the remaining 47% were caused by mixed factors. Organic factors were mostly related to gastroenterological disorders, food allergy or coexistence of more than one medical problem. Underweight (weight < –2 z-score) was observed in 18% of patients, stunted growth (length/height < –2 z-score) in 11%, wasting (BMI < –2 z-score) in 15%, and overweight (BMI > + 2 z-score) in 1%. Conclusions: Our study showed that organic feeding difficulties coexisted with a behavioral component. The observed nutritional impairments in children with feeding difficulties indicate that there is a need for quick detection of these difficulties in order to provide appropriate support and help as soon as possible.
Green Band Generation for Advanced Baseline Imager Sensor Using Pix2Pix With Advanced Baseline Imager and Advanced Himawari Imager Observations

Green bands in satellite remote sensing play an important role in monitoring water and vegetation information. Due to the lack of observed green band, the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-16) Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) sensor uses a synthetic one. This study presents an ABI green band generation method using the Pix2Pix based on conditional generative adversarial networks (CGANs) and convolutional neural network techniques with data observed in the visible range of the GOES-16/ABI sensor. Our model was constructed from the radiance data sets in the red, blue, and green bands of the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) onboard Himawari-8/9 satellites from August 27, 2018 to May 1, 2019, and applied to generate a GOES-16 ABI green band using the ABI blue band radiance data. A comparison between the AHI and the Pix2Pix-generated AHI green bands displayed high accuracy, evaluated through bias = 0.120, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.983 in digital number (DN) units, and correlation coefficient (CC) = 0.999. Furthermore, comparison between the Pix2Pix-generated and synthetic ABI green bands resulted in a good agreement (bias = 1.029 and RMSE = 2.892 in DN units, CC = 0.993). The statistical comparison between the green band, and red or blue band resulted in the exceptional performance of the Pix2Pix-generated ABI green band compared to the synthetic ABI green band. Consequently, our Pix2Pix-based model can be effectively used to generate nonexistent green band of ABI sensor and be applied in a variety of scientific applications requiring green band.
Synthesis and characterization of silica gel microspheres encapsulated by salicyclic acid functionalized polystyrene and its adsorption of transition metal ions from aqueous solutions

The present study was undertaken to develop a novel adsorbent for heavy metal ions, and this paper presents the synthesis and characterization of a composite material-silica gel microspheres encapsulated by salicyclic acid functionalized polystyrene (SG-PS-azo-SA) with a core-shell structure. SG-PS-azo-SA was used to investigate the adsorption of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Fe(III), Hg(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Cr(VI), Pd(II), Cu(II), Ag(I), and Au(III) from aqueous solutions. The results revealed that SG-PS-azo-SA has better adsorption capacity for Cu(II), Ag(I) and Au(III). Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to analyze the experimental data, the best interpretation for the experimental data was given by the Langmuir isotherm equation with the maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(II), Ag(I), and Au(III) at 1.288 mmol g−1, 1.850 mmol g−1 and 1.613 mmol gt-1, respectively. Thus, silica gel encapsulated by salicyclic acid functionalized polystyrene (SG-PS-azo-SA) is favorable and useful for the removal of Cu(II), Ag(I) and Au(III) metal ions.
Independent water vole (Mimomys savini, Arvicola: Rodentia, Mammalia) lineages in Italy and Central Europe

Water voles are important key fossils of the Quaternary. Given their wide distribution, regional differences were expected to exist in different areas. Early hints on possible independent evolutionary trends of water voles in Italy came from palaeontology and specifically from the comparison of enamel differentiation (SDQ value) of the first lower molars between specimens from Italy and Germany. The data available at that time indicated that in the early Middle Pleistocene there were only minor enamel differences between first lower molars of water voles from these two geographical regions, whereas from the late Middle Pleistocene onwards, two lineages were clearly distinguished. Examination of mitochondrial DNA of extant Arvicola populations from across Europe by Wust-Saucy led to a similar conclusion that Arvicola populations from the Italian Peninsula had undergone independent evolution during the last 0.2 million years. The inclusion of new fossil and extant Arvicola samples from Italy and Central Europe, together with the examination of additional morphological parameters of the occlusal surface (so-called van der Meulen indexes), have provided further support for the proposed evolutionary pattern. The combined analysis of length, SDQ and A/L index reveal a certain degree of intercorrelation and indicate an essentially continuous evolutionary trend. However, variations are discernible, related to the age and geographical origins of the samples, and become more clearly seen at least since the beginning of the Late Pleistocene. Italian samples have a characteristic tendency to grow larger, elongate the anteroconid, and have less derived SDQ. This corroborates the suggestion that Italian water voles underwent an evolutionary history distinct from that of their Central European counterparts. The differences in morphology may be related to a combination of etho-/ecological (aquatic or terrestrial habits) and palaeobiogeographical factors.
Properties of Resins Extracted from Boscan Crude Oil and Their Effect on the Stability of Asphaltenes in Boscan and Hamaca Crude Oils

Experimental results confirm that resins isolated from Boscan crude oil have a stabilizing effect on asphaltenes in Hamaca crude oil and in Boscan crude oil. A simple experimental technique, referred to as the filter drop spreading method, was used to detect the onset of flocculation quite accurately for crude oil mixtures and for mixtures of crude oils plus additives.
The Effect of Quantity and Quality Sustainability Disclosure Towards Innate and Discretionary Earnings Quality

Examining the effect of quantity and quality of sustainability disclosure on innate and discretionary earnings quality is the purpose of this research. the GRI G4 index was used to measure The sustainability disclosure quantity, while the report form, the adherence level and external statements was used to measure the quality of sustainability disclosure. A modified Jones Model uses to measure Innate and discretionary earnings quality as the dependent variable. Return on assets, leverage, net operating assets, and operating cycle were used as control variables. The research sample consisted of 10 main sector companies, namely the agriculture and mining sub-sectors, which are listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. purposive sampling method was used in this research. The technique of analysis in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. As results, innate earnings quality was significantly influenced by sustainability disclosure quantity while discretionary earnings quality was not significantly influenced by sustainability disclosure quantity. Moreover, both innate earnings quality and discretionary earnings quality was significanty influenced by the quality of sustainability disclosure.
Novel Postquantum MQ-Based Signature Scheme for Internet of Things With Parallel Implementation

Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm shifting technology that enables many innovative applications in the near future. Proactive measures are required to protect such architecture from cyber attacks. One of the most important security issues in this architecture is the authentication of edge nodes, which can be resolved through the deployment of digital signatures. However, existing standardized digital signatures are vulnerable to attacks from quantum computers, which can be unsafe in the near future. In this article, we propose a new signature scheme based on multivariate polynomials with efficient key and signature sizes, which is resistant to quantum computer attacks. The proposed scheme is also very friendly to parallel implementation, enabling efficient deployment of edge nodes authentication at high throughput. When implemented on a GPU device, the proposed scheme can generate 113 signatures/s and verify 120 signatures/s, which is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$12.56\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10.00\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> faster than a serial implementation in CPU.
Effects of Inorganic Fertilizer Inputs on Grain Yields and Soil Properties in a Long‐Term Wheat–Corn Cropping System in South China

Abstract A long‐term double cropping wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) experiment was conducted at Qiyang, Hunan, China, to study the effects of inorganic fertilizers on grain yields and soil properties and to identify the possible causes of yield trends. Six treatments of unfertilized control, N, NP, NK, PK, and NPK were included. The treatments (N, NP, NK, and NPK) where inorganic nitrogen (N) was added showed significant (P<0.05) yield declines of 76 to 114 kg ha−1 yr−1 for wheat and 94 to 260 kg ha−1 yr−1 for corn, respectively, except for corn yield in the NPK treatment in which the decline was not significant during a 15‐yr (1990–2005) period. Comparatively, the decline amounts in corn were much higher than in wheat. The yields of wheat and corn remained unchanged in the PK treatment. The total organic carbon (C), total N, phosphorus (P), and available P, potassium (K), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) contents of soil were either increased or decreased during the study period. Both the decreases of exchangeable calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) and increases of exchangeable hydrogen (H+) and Al3+ contents of soil in the treatments where inorganic N was applied were significant (P<0.05). The same four treatments showed significant pH declines ranging from 0.07 to 0.12 yr−1. Several lines of evidence point to decline of soil pH due to inorganic N fertilizer added as leading to the overall yield decline of wheat and corn. However, the yields of both crops increased significantly after lime application. In the long term, the farmers should be encouraged to use adequate lime based on a balanced approach to ensure sustainable productivity.
A field study to determine prevalence, and fresh cow clinical conditions associated with sub-clinical ketosis in Central Eastern European dairy herds

The study reported in this short communication aimed to determine prevalence, major management systems and fresh cow clinical conditions associated with subclinical ketosis (SCK) in Central Eastern European dairy herds. A total of 1751 cows in 64 herds were enrolled in Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland between November 2012 and September 2014. A milk-based test for ketones (Keto-TestTM) was used for screening cows between 7-21 days after calving and SCK was defined as Keto-Test ≥100 μmol/l. Study herds recorded fresh cow clinical conditions. Multivariate analysis (GEE logistic regression) was performed to determine country, farm, management, feed and cow factors associated with SCK and to determine associations between SCK and fresh cow diseases. This study indicated that the odds of SCK are 50% higher in multiparous cows compared to primiparous cows, and the odds of SCK was twice as high in Poland compared to Austria, whereas there was no significant difference in risks of SCK between Austria, Hungary and the Czech republic. A cow with calving difficulties (dystocia, twins or abortion) was 2.8 times more likely to screen positive for SCK, compared to cows with normal calving events. Fresh cow diseases were found to be at least twice as common in cows with SCK compared to cows with no SCK. It was noted that only six of the 93 cows with milk ketones ≥500 μmol/l were diagnosed with clinical ketosis, indicating that clinical ketosis diagnosis is often missed. *Correspondence to: Anna Catharina Berge, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium, Tel: 0032-54243554; E-mail: anna.berge@ugent.be
Surface Segregation and Structural Features of Bimetallic Au−Pt Nanoparticles

Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to systematically investigate the effects of composition, size, and temperature on the surface segregation and structural features of Au−Pt nanoparticles in the present paper. A strong surface Au enrichment was observed in all of the nanoparticles, and the surface segregation of Au was promoted by increasing the particle sizes. It is found that the core−shell structure was preferred in the equilibrium Au−Pt nanoparticles with low Au composition, and three-shell onion-like structure was formed at high Au composition. The competitive multisite segregation was predicted in the core−shell nanoparticles in which Au atoms favor sites at the vertices, edges, and facets. The reverse temperature dependency of segregation for different surface sites has also been discussed.
Exactly solvable combined potentials and their isospectral partners from SUSY

In some quantum chemical applications, the potential models are linear combination of single exactly solvable potentials. This is the case, for example, of the equivalent of the Stark effect for a charged harmonic oscillator (HO) in a constant electric field or an HO in an external dipole field. The same occurs with some molecular systems where the determination of the vibrational spectra remains essentially as a numerical task; the Morse and Hulthen potentials are convenient models for the potential energy of a diatomic molecule. In this work, the supersymmetry (SUSY) and shape invariance methods used to determine exactly solvable potentials are extended to obtain, in a closed form, the eigenvalues of exactly solvable combined potentials, as well as their isospectral or generalized partner potentials. Essentially, the proposal is based on the existence of the Witten superpotential [W(x)] associated with single exactly solvable potentials to find the Witten superpotential for the combined potential under study. For instance, the assumption of two W(x) allows to obtain an exactly solvable combined potential which is given by a linear combination between the former potentials plus a term resulting from the product of the two single W(x). The corresponding generalized partner potentials comes from the involved Riccati equation when the resulting Witten superpotential for the combined potential is taken as a specific solution. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Chemical variability of Artemisia herba-alba Asso essential oils from East Morocco

Chemical compositions of 16 Artemisia herba-alba oil samples harvested in eight East Moroccan locations were investigated by GC and GC/MS. Chemical variability of the A. herba-alba oils is also discussed using statistical analysis. Detailed analysis of the essential oils led to the identification of 52 components amounting to 80.5–98.6 % of the total oil. The investigated chemical compositions showed significant qualitative and quantitative differences. According to their major components (camphor, chrysanthenone, and α- and β-thujone), three main groups of essential oils were found. This study also found regional specificity of the major components.
Temperature and crosslinking effects on the swelling of poly(isoprene) in Isopiestic conditions

Isopiestic measurements of solvent uptake have been made in the synthetic isoprene/benzene system for both crosslinked and uncrosslinked polymers in order to revisit the question of the swelling activity parameter S. Both the nonzero value of S at zero swelling and the appearance of a peak in S vs. degree of swelling have been observed in some solvent/rubber pairs and we here investigate both the crosslink and temperature dependencies of these phenomena. The data analysis is an extension of prior work from this laboratory using continuum thermodynamics concepts and avoiding molecular models in an attempt to establish the fundamental phenomenology of the process and the validity or lack of validity of the hypothesis that the mixing and elastic contributions to the free energy of networks are separable. We present results from measurements in benzene vapors at temperatures between 10 and 55°C for an uncrosslinked rubber and rubbers crosslinked with 1, 5, 10, and 15 parts per hundred dicumyl peroxide. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 817–826, 1997