Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing of Depression Status and Influencing Factors Were Associated with Hospitalized Patients with 6 Chronic Diseases

Objective: To assess depression status and influencing factors were associated with hospitalized patients with 6 chronic diseases. Methods: We collect the data from 485 patients, they agree to join our study. They were diagnosed as one of 6 chronic diseases, such as stroke, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, malignant tumor and chronic kidney disease. The diagnosis of time is from January 2018 to July 2018. Additionally, we collect the information by questionnaires, the information includes patient basic information, patient business situation and depression status. The questionnaires include Self-made patients general information questionnaire and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) which is base on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Result: Base on results of demographic data analysis, 205 out of 485 patients with chronic diseases had depressive symptoms. The incidence of depressive symptoms was 42.3%, that include 101 cases (49.3%) of mild depression, 62 cases (30.2%) of moderate depression and 42 (20.5%) cases of major depression. In research of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic diseases, those data show statistical significance in demographic analysis as independent variables, such as education level, average monthly medical expenses, duration of illness, number of hospitalizations and self-care ability. Conclusion: On the hand, the course of the disease is positively correlated with the incidence of depressive symptoms, the longer the course the higher the incidence of depression, consistent with similar studies. On another hand, the worse the self-care ability, the higher the incidence of depression, consistent with the results of similar studies.
Study of χ b meson production in pp collisions at √ s = 7 and 8TeV and observation of the decay χ b → Υ(3 S ) γ

: A study of χ b meson production at LHCb is performed on proton-proton collision data, corresponding to 3.0fb − 1 of integrated luminosity collected at centre-of-mass energies √ s = 7 and 8TeV. The fraction of Υ( nS ) mesons originating from χ b decays is measured as a function of the Υ transverse momentum in the rapidity range 2 . 0 < y Υ < 4 . 5 . The radiative transition of the χ b (3 P ) meson to Υ(3 S ) is observed for the first time. The χ b 1 (3 P ) mass is determined to be where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. Abstract A study of χ b meson production at LHCb is performed on proton–proton collision data, corresponding to 3.0 fb − 1 of integrated luminosity collected at centre-of-mass energies √ s = 7 and 8 TeV. The fraction of ϒ( nS ) mesons originating from χ b decays is measured as a function of the ϒ transverse momentum in the rapidity range 2 . 0 < y ϒ < 4 . 5. The radiative transition of the χ b ( 3P ) meson to ϒ( 3S ) is observed for the ﬁrst time. The χ b1 ( 3P ) mass is determined to be where the ﬁrst uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.
Calcium-sensing Receptor Gene Transcription Is Up-regulated by the Proinflammatory Cytokine, Interleukin-1β

The calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) in parathyroid, thyroid, and kidney is essential for calcium homeostasis. Hypocalcemia is common in critically ill patients having increased circulating proinflammatory cytokines, although the causes are unknown. We hypothesized that the cytokines increase CASR expression and reduce the set point for parathyroid hormone suppression by extracellular calcium, leading to hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism. Here, we show in vivo in the rat that parathyroid, thyroid, and kidney CASR mRNA and protein increased after injection of interleukin-1β. This was associated with decreased circulating parathyroid hormone, calcium, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. Interleukin-1β stimulated endogenous CASR gene transcripts and transfected promoter reporter activity in human thyroid C-cells (TT cells) and kidney proximal tubule (HKC) cells. Cotransfection of NF-κB proteins enhanced activity of the reporter constructs, whereas cotransfection with inhibitor-κB or application of an NF-κB nuclear localization sequence peptide abrogated responsiveness to cytokine or NF-κB proteins. Mutagenesis of some, but not all, of the potential κB elements in the 5′ part of the CASR gene led to loss of responsiveness to cytokine. These elements conferred cytokine responsiveness to a heterologous promoter, and in electrophoretic mobility shift assays, NF-κB complexes formed on the same three κB elements. In summary, the CASR gene has several functional κB elements that mediate its upregulation by proinflammatory cytokines and probably contribute to altered extracellular calcium homeostasis in the critically ill.
Susceptibility status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) from cabbage growing areas associated with pyrethroid and organophosphate use in Accra, Ghana

Resistance in malaria vectors is likely to be caused by the massive use of insecticides in agriculture. Anopheles gambiae s.l. collected from breeding grounds in two cabbage growing areas within Accra were assessed for levels of resistance to 0.75% permethrin, 0.05% deltamethrin, 5% malathion and 4% DDT using standard WHO susceptibility test kits. Pyrethroid and organophosphate residue levels in soil and run-off water from these cabbage farms were determined and possible association between resistance and residue levels were established. Compared to the susceptible ‘Kisumu’ strain, both Korle-Bu and Airport populations were highly resistant to DDT and gave resistance levels which were over nine-fold for permethrin and over 2.5-fold for deltamethrin. Both wild and susceptible populations showed full susceptibility to malathion. The S and M forms of A. gambiae s.s. were found to occur in sympatry in the two study sites with a higher frequency of S form in the Airport area. Toxicity testing of extracts of soil and run-off water from these cabbage farms, using brine shrimp lethality tests, showed high level of toxicity, indicative of the presence of residues of insecticides. Differential fractionation of these extracts using solid phase extractor (SPE) suggests that the bulk of residues in these extracts may be pyrethroids and organophosphates. No correlation was observed between either residue levels or residual bioactivity in soil and run-off water, and resistance levels in A. gambiae s.l. populations, collected from breeding grounds within the farms under investigation. It is proposed that resistance in A. gambiae larvae in these breeding sites contaminated with agricultural insecticides may have occurred over time due to continuous exposure to sub-lethal doses.
Impaired glucose metabolism in patients with diabetes, prediabetes, and obesity is associated with severe COVID‐19

Identification of risk factors of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is critical for improving therapies and understanding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pathogenesis. We analyzed 184 patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 in Livingston, New Jersey for clinical characteristics associated with severe disease. The majority of patients with COVID‐19 had diabetes mellitus (DM) (62.0%), Pre‐DM (23.9%) with elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG), or a body mass index >30 with normal hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) (4.3%). SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was associated with new and persistent hyperglycemia in 29 patients, including several with normal HbA1C levels. Forty‐four patients required intubation, which occurred significantly more often in patients with DM as compared with non‐diabetics. Severe COVID‐19 occurs in the presence of impaired glucose metabolism in patients, including those with DM, preDM, and obesity. COVID‐19 is associated with elevated FBG and several patients presented with new onset DM or in DKA. The association of dysregulated glucose metabolism and severe COVID‐19 suggests that SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis involves a novel interplay with glucose metabolism. Exploration of pathways by which SARS‐CoV‐2 interacts glucose metabolism is critical for understanding disease pathogenesis and developing therapies.
The effect of age at the beginning of grazing season on 205-day and 365-day weight in Charolais and Limousine calves

The effect of age at the beginning of grazing season on 205-day and 365-day weight of calves was analysed. Data included 234 Charolais and 122 Limousine calves reared at the Educational and Research Animal Husbandry Centre Logatec (Slovenia). Calves were born between years 1995 and 2006. The effects of breed, sex (nested within breed), parity (nested within breed) and year of birth as fixed effects were included in the model. Age at the beginning of grazing season and birth weight as linear regression were also included in the model. Age at the beginning of grazing season as linear regression influenced 205-day weight (p=0.0007) and 365-day weight (p=0.0049), too. Breed, sex within breed, year of birth, and birth weight also influenced 205-day and 365-day weight. Coefficient of determination was higher (0.80) for 365-day weight compared to 205-day weight (0.51).
The ethical dilemma of granulocyte transfusions

Granulocyte transfusions have been administered to patients with life-threatening infections for more than five decades. However, to what extent this should be the case is far from established. On the one hand, the clinical effects of these transfusions are difficult to prove in clinical studies, and the donors of granulocytes may be exposed to certain risks. On the other hand, clinical experience seems to support the idea that granulocyte transfusions do play an important role for severely ill patients, and the donors are primarily motivated by altruistic reasons. In this paper, we first discuss the ethical issues that arise from the fact that there is a conflict between clinical experience and the results from the attempts to perform randomized control trials, and second, the risk/benefit assessment that has to be made between two different parties, namely the recipient and the donor of granulocyte transfusions.
A Study of Discourse Intonation in a Selected Interview of Mohammed Ali Clay: A Phono-Pragmatic Analysis

This study investigates the role of discourse intonation in a religious interview of Mohammad Ali Clay with a young Muslim based on Brazil’s model of discourse intonation (1997). This paper specifically focuses on determining the intonational meanings regarding the key and termination meanings and the role of dominance and nondominance of the speaker in the discourse. Most previous research has focused on investigating the role of discourse intonation in the classroom, particularly the pedagogical issues ignoring the linguistic issues. Therefore, this study bridges the gap in the literature as it investigates a religious text, which shows how the intended meaning and its function, specifically in Clay’s interview, clarifies using the components of Brazil’s model of discourse intonation. This study has mainly concluded that the equative meaning is the most common meaning used in Clay’s interview, which reflects that the young Muslim and Clay interact in their speech with each other and each one of them expects information which they try to convey during the discourse. Besides, non-dominance is the most common role in their speech. This reveals that the speaking style of both the characters of Clay and the young Muslim is simple style with a very low tone, particularly Clay, who reflects his modesty in talking about Islam, his beliefs in Allah, and how this religion is different from all other religions, specifically Christianity.
Planktivorous Feeding Ecology of Arctic Grayling (Thymallus arcticus)

A component analysis approach was applied to studies of the zooplankton feeding of Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) of 3–20 cm standard length using all arctic zooplankton species common in the area. Unlike other fish species, larger grayling have greater reactive distance. As expected, the ability of grayling to locate prey was found to increase with size of prey and with light intensity. Grayling vision was found to increase dramatically at light intensities higher than 100 lx. Generally, grayling located and attacked any species within the visual field, locating all by core body size. One exception was the copepod Diaptomus pribilofensis, which was of appropriate size and pigmented a bright red, but was never attacked and eaten by any grayling. The large copepod Heterocope septentrionalis was able to evade grayling feeding attack, but Heterocope evasion was dependent on grayling size and water temperature. Analysis of inter-gill-raker spacing showed that spacing increases linearly with fish length .
Effect of seed coatings on the germination, establishment, and survival of oversown pasture species at Glen Innes, New South Wales

Abstract Phalaris aquatica, Festuca arundinacea, Medicago sativa, and Trifolium subterraneum, coated with two types of coats, were oversown 29 times in the field over 2 1/2 years. The effect of the coatings on seed germination in petri dishes was also determined. Germination of the grass species was depressed by the coatings. The beneficial effect of seed coatings on field performance was minimal, although there was an indication that establishment from coated seed was significantly improved for seed sown during the warmer months of the year and that response to coatings varied with species. The results of this study and of New Zealand studies are briefly contrasted.
Quantitative Ultrasound Texture Analysis of Fetal Lung Versus Fetal Pulmonary Artery Doppler as a Predictor of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

Purpose: To evaluate the role of fetal pulmonary artery Doppler indices and quantitative ultrasound texture analysis of the fetal lung (quantus FLM) in prediction of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Method: This Observational prospective cross sectional study included 40 pregnant women between 28 and 40 weeks gestation. The diagnostic accuracy of MPA Doppler measurements (pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and acceleration time/ejection time (AT/ET) for diagnosis of neonatal RDS was tested by comparing the Doppler findings with the clinical outcome. Results: Of the 40 eligible fetuses, 9 (22%) developed neonatal RDS There was a significant correlation between the AT/ET and the development of the RDS as the AT/ET was significantly lower in the RDS +ve group (mean 0.27) in comparison to the RDS-ve group (mean 0.34) (P 0.001). While both PI and RI showed no statistically significant difference in between the two groups. A cutoff value of 0.3 for AT/ET predicted the development of RDS (sensitivity: 77.78%, specificity: 83.87%). Quantus FLM predicted the development of neonatal RDS with high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy (88.98%, 90.32%, 72.7%, 96.6% and 90%respectively). The area under curve was 0.896. Conclusion: Neonatal RDS can be predicted using the MPA AT/ET and quantitative ultrasound texture analysis of the fetal lung (quantus FLM) with high sensitivity and specificity.
Organic Farming : Building on Farmers’ Knowledge with Modern Science

Most agricultural scientists are trained in crop production and protection that require fertilizers and synthetic pesticides. Scientists have largely evaluated components used by practitioners of organic farming (OF) in isolation, eg. evaluation of compost for replacing fertilizers. The OF system that integrates trees, annual crops and animals in a farming system perspective using locally available biological resource has not been studied in totality. This chapter therefore argues that unless studied in totality, its potential cannot be denied by research institutions.
Effects of the dual 5 α‐reductase inhibitor dutasteride on apoptosis in primary cultures of prostate cancer epithelial cells and cell lines

The profound reduction in serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) observed with the dual 5 α‐reductase inhibitor (5ARI) dutasteride makes it an attractive agent for prostate cancer therapy. The objective of the current study was to determine whether dutasteride would induce apoptosis in a range of prostate epithelial cell lines and primary cultures.
CHARACTERISATION OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) CULTIVARS GROWN IN LESOTHO BY MORPHOLOGICAL MARKERS

Wheat is one of the major cereal crops grown in Lesotho, ranking third after maize and sorghum. Cultivars of wheat are imported from South Africa without characterization. The study was therefore conducted with the following objectives; (1) to distinguish wheat cultivars grown by farmers, (2) to estimate genetic distance among wheat cultivars and (3) to identify the characters that have high discriminatory power. Complete Randomized Block Design with ten treatments and three replications were applied. Data were collected using Descriptor and analysed using GENSTAT software to perform cluster and principal component analysis. The first three principal components constituted 84.572% of the total variation. First principal component variation accounted for 55.738%, while second principal component contributed 15.737% and third principal component constituted 12.858%. Characters responsible for variation in the first component were spikelets, spike height and tillers. Separation among second component was brought about by plant height, reproductive tillers and seeds per spike. Variation in component three was due to glume hairiness, seed size and plant height. Cluster analysis formed two groups, A and B, and one outlier. Group A comprised of Gariep, Koonap, Elands and Senqu while Group B consisted SST374, SST356, PAN3195, PAN3379 and TugelaDN. Group C was an outlier containing Matlabas. The findings showed that the cultivars were different from each other and as such genetic variation exists that broaden the spectrum of germplasm, from which farmers can make a wider choice.
BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES BY DALL’S SHEEP TO OVERFLIGHTS BY FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT

Are behavioural responses by Dall’s sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) exposed to overflights by a light fixed-wing aircraft consistent with economic models of antipredator behaviour? Agreeing with such models, the probability of active sheep fleeing and of bedded sheep un-bedding increased as aircraft approached more directly. Un-bedding probability was affected by the vertical and horizontal components of angle of approach, as indexed by the sheep’s minimum distance from the aircraft’s trajectory and relative elevation, respectively. Fleeing probability was affected only by the horizontal angle of approach, possibly because trials in which the aircraft was very high above sheep were few. When active sheep fled during overflights, the time they neither fed nor bedded increased as angle of approach decreased. Active sheep did not feed less or move more within 10 min after overflights than prior to disturbance. Almost all bedded sheep that interrupted resting bouts, however, were active for 44-100% of the postoverflight period, suggesting that the energetic costs of interrupting rumination were greater than those of decreased foraging and increased locomotion. Sheep would increase fitness if they learn that aircraft overflights are not a lethal threat and do not warrant costly antipredator responses, but there was no evidence of habituation. This study provides parameters for models predicting energetic and fitness costs incurred as a function of overflight rates, and logistic regression models of fleeing and un-bedding probability that could be used to create pilot guidelines to mitigate disturbance. Results support that fixed-wing aircraft are substantially less disturbing to sheep than helicopters. Prepared for the Yukon Fish and Wildlife Branch, Department of Renewable Resources, Whitehorse, Yukon.
Vivipary in the Cactaceae: Its taxonomic occurrence and biological significance

Summary Vivipary, a rare reproductive strategy in flowering plants, has been previously reported in only four species of the Cactaceae. In this paper, eight additional examples ( Cleistocactus smaragdiflorus , Disocactus martianus , the hybrid Epiphyllum X Fern la Borde , Harrisia martinii , Lepismium ianthothele , L. monacanthum , Rhipsalis micrantha forma micrantha , and R. baccifera subsp. horrida ) of vivipary in cultivated cacti from tribes Hylocereeae, Rhipsalideae, and Trichocereeae are documented. The plants had fully-developed and mature fruits containing seeds at different stages of germination, including tiny embryos emerging from the seed coat to young, healthy seedlings with well-developed organs, such as cotyledons and radicles. Several features, though not unique, distinguish cactus fruits with viviparous seedlings. Foremost, the fruits are fleshy with abundant mucilage and a relatively thick, often transparent pericarp. The seeds are generally numerous and embedded in a transparent, white or red pulp. The occurrence of vivipary in taxa from four phylogenetically distinct tribes of the subfamily Cactoideae suggests an independent origin and indicates that this reproductive strategy may be more widespread in the family than originally thought. Vivipary in the Cactaceae is regarded as a form of cryptovivipary, a condition in which the zygote develops inside the fruit without penetrating the ovary wall for dispersal purposes, which in turn is considered a subcategory of true vivipary. Further, vivipary is interpreted as an adaptive reproductive strategy that enables seedlings to establish more rapidly.
Influence of Different Styles of Instructional Delivery on the Preference and Perception of Learner in Dental Education – A Survey

Purpose: This study assesses the influence of four styles of instructional delivery on dental students‟ preference and perception of learning experience using lecture method in classroom setting. The association between gender, age, course level and the instructional method preference is also evaluated. Materials and Methods: A group of 98 undergraduate students belonging to the first three years of Bachelor of Dental Surgery (B.D.S) degree program participated in this study. Four instructional methods were used to deliver lectures on surgical techniques used in dental implantology: Chalk-talk method (CT), PowerPoint presentation with figures (PPTf), PowerPoint presentation with figures and dental models (PPTfm) and Videos-verbal elaboration (VT). Two structured questionnaires were used to record the response of the students towards the instructional method employed. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used. Results: Recorded students‟ response indicates that VT is an effective instructional delivery method to deliver subject content (99%), promote topic understanding (98%), promote future learning (99%), promote recollection (99%), promote integration of theoretical and practical knowledge (98%) and promote attentiveness (100%). The order of lecture methods preference is as follows: combination of instructional delivery methods (49%), VT (44.9%), PPTfm (5.1%), PPTf (1%) and CT (0%). As the course level increased, higher preference was given to combination of instructional delivery methods (PPtfm, PPTf, VT). There is statistically significant association between age and the method preferred (p=0.001). Conclusion: The dental students preferred the VT method, followed by the PPTf and PPTfm methods.