Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anomaly Detection of System Call Sequence Based on Dynamic Features and Relaxed-SVM

The system call sequences of processes are important for host-based anomaly detection. However, the detection accuracy can be seriously degenerated by the subsequences which simultaneously appeared in the call sequences of both normal and abnormal processes. Furthermore, the detection may be obstructed especially when the normal/abnormal distributions of subsequences are extremely imbalanced along with many ambiguous samples. In the paper, the system call sequences are divided into weighted subsequences with fixed-length. Secondly, a suffix tree of each system call sequence is constructed to automatically extract the variable-length subsequence from the longest repeated substring of the tree. The frequencies of the fixed-and variable-length subsequences that appeared in each system call sequence constitute its feature vector. Finally, vectors are input into a cost-sensitive and relaxed support vector machine, in which the penalty-free slack of the relaxed SVM is split independently between the two classes with different weights. The experimental results on two public datasets ADFA-LD and UNM showed that the AUC of the proposed method can reach 99%, while the false alarm rate is only 2.4%.
Increased Yield and High Resilience of Microbiota Representatives With Organic Soil Amendments in Smallholder Farms of Uganda

Organic matter inputs positively affect soil fertility and quality but management effects on the soil and plant microbiome are less understood. Therefore, we studied the response of microbial colonization of the East African highland banana cultivar “Mpologoma” (AAA genome) under different mulch and manure treatments on three representative smallholder farms in Uganda. In general, the gammaproteobacterial community appeared stable with no significant response to organic matter inputs after 24 months of treatment. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the plant-associated carpo-, phyllo-, and rhizosphere microbial community composition and diversity were found among individual sampled farms, independent of added soil inputs. Across farms, banana fruit harbored a richer and more balanced gammaproteobacterial community than the rhizo- and endospheres. Gammaproteobacterial beta diversity was shaped by the microenvironment (44%) as well as the sampling site (4%). Global effects of treatments in the rhizosphere analyzed using linear discriminant analysis effect size showed significantly enriched genera, such as Enterobacter, under manure and mulch treatments. As shown in previous works, bunch size and total yield were highly increased with manure and mulch, however, our results highlight general short-term microbial stability of Ugandan banana cropping systems with increases in the gammaproteobacterial community.
Enzymatic Catalysis in Favor of Blocky Structure and Higher Crystallinity of Poly(Butylene Succinate)-Co-(Dilinoleic Succinate) (PBS-DLS) Copolymers of Variable Segmental Composition

To systematically investigate the synthesis of poly(butylene succinate)-co-(dilinoleic succinate) (PBS-DLS) copolymers and to enrich the library of polyesters synthesized via a sustainable route, we conducted a two-step polycondensation using fully biobased monomers such as diethyl succinate (DS), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and dilinoleic diol (DLD) in diphenyl ether, using Candida Antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) as biocatalyst. A series of PBS-DLS copolyesters with a 90-10, 70-30 and 50-50 wt% of hard (PBS) to soft (DLS) segments ratio were compared to their counterparts, which were synthesized using heterogenous titanium dioxide/silicon dioxide (TiO2/SiO2) catalyst. Chemical structure and molecular characteristics of resulting copolymers were assessed using nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (1H- and 13C-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), whereas thermal and thermomechanical properties as well as crystallization behavior were investigated by differential scanning microscopy (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), digital holographic microscopy (DHM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The obtained results showed that, depending on the type of catalyst, we can control parameters related to blockiness and crystallinity of copolymers. Materials synthesized using CAL-B catalysts possess more blocky segmental distribution and higher crystallinity in contrast to materials synthesized using heterogenous catalysts, as revealed by DSC, XRD and DHM measurements.
Clinical Tick-Borne Encephalitis in a Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L.)

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a severe zoonosis occurring in the Palearctic region mainly transmitted through Ixodes ticks. In Italy, TBEV is restricted to the north-eastern part of the country. This report describes for the first time a case of clinical TBE in a roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.). The case occurred in the Belluno province, Veneto region, an area endemic for TBEV. The affected roe deer showed ataxia, staggering movements, muscle tremors, wide-base stance of the front limbs, repetitive movements of the head, persistent teeth grinding, hypersalivation and prolonged recumbency. An autopsy revealed no significant lesions to explain the neurological signs. TBEV RNA was detected in the brain by real-time RT-PCR, and the nearly complete viral genome (10,897 nucleotides) was sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the gene encoding the envelope protein revealed a close relationship to TBEV of the European subtype, and 100% similarity with a partial sequence (520 nucleotides) of a TBEV found in ticks in the bordering Trento province. The histological examination of the midbrain revealed lymphohistiocytic encephalitis, satellitosis and microgliosis, consistent with a viral etiology. Other viral etiologies were ruled out by metagenomic analysis of the brain. This report underlines, for the first time, the occurrence of clinical encephalitic manifestations due to TBEV in a roe deer, suggesting that this pathogen should be included in the frame of differential diagnoses in roe deer with neurologic disease.
Novel Radiographic Measurements for Operatively Treated Haglund’s Deformity

Background: Haglund’s deformity, which is characterized by a bony prominence of the posterosuperior aspect of the calcaneus, causes posterior heel pain. To date, there is no standard radiographic parameter to diagnose symptomatic Haglund’s deformity. Herein, we proposed novel radiographic measurements to distinguish between patients with and without symptomatic Haglund’s deformity. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated ankle radiographs of 43 patients who underwent surgery for symptomatic Haglund’s deformity (Haglund group) and 41 healthy individuals (control group) free of heel complaints. Fowler–Phillip angle (FPA), Heneghan–Pavlov parallel pitch lines (PPL), Haglund’s deformity height, bump height, and bump-calcaneus ratio were measured and compared between the groups. Furthermore, the reliability and cut-off value of each parameter were validated via ICC and ROC curve analysis, respectively. Results: The bump height (p < 0.001) and the bump-calcaneus ratio (p < 0.001) showed significant differences between the control and Haglund groups, unlike FPA, PPL, and Haglund’s deformity height. ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUC of bump-calcaneus ratio was larger than that of bump height. The optimal threshold was 4 mm or higher for bump height and 7.5% or higher for bump-calcaneus ratio. The intra- and inter- observer ICCs were, respectively, 0.965 and 0.898 for bump height and 0.930 and 0.889 for bump-calcaneus ratio. Conclusions: This study proposes two novel radiographic parameters to identify operatively treated Haglund’s deformity, namely bump height and bump-calcaneus ratio. They are easy to measure and intuitive. Both of them are effective diagnostic parameters for Haglund’s deformity. Furthermore, bump-calcaneus ratio is more reliable diagnostic parameter than bump height.
Assessment of Hydrocarbon Degradation Potential in Microbial Communities in Arctic Sea Ice

The anthropogenic release of oil hydrocarbons into the cold marine environment is an increasing concern due to the elevated usage of sea routes and the exploration of new oil drilling sites in Arctic areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate prokaryotic community structures and the genetic potential of hydrocarbon degradation in the metagenomes of seawater, sea ice, and crude oil encapsulating the sea ice of the Norwegian fjord, Ofotfjorden. Although the results indicated substantial differences between the structure of prokaryotic communities in seawater and sea ice, the crude oil encapsulating sea ice (SIO) showed increased abundances of many genera-containing hydrocarbon-degrading organisms, including Bermanella, Colwellia, and Glaciecola. Although the metagenome of seawater was rich in a variety of hydrocarbon degradation-related functional genes (HDGs) associated with the metabolism of n-alkanes, and mono- and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, most of the normalized gene counts were highest in the clean sea ice metagenome, whereas in SIO, these counts were the lowest. The long-chain alkane degradation gene almA was detected from all the studied metagenomes and its counts exceeded ladA and alkB counts in both sea ice metagenomes. In addition, almA was related to the most diverse group of prokaryotic genera. Almost all 18 good- and high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) had diverse HDGs profiles. The MAGs recovered from the SIO metagenome belonged to the abundant taxa, such as Glaciecola, Bermanella, and Rhodobacteracea, in this environment. The genera associated with HDGs were often previously known as hydrocarbon-degrading genera. However, a substantial number of new associations, either between already known hydrocarbon-degrading genera and new HDGs or between genera not known to contain hydrocarbon degraders and multiple HDGs, were found. The superimposition of the results of comparing HDG associations with taxonomy, the HDG profiles of MAGs, and the full genomes of organisms in the KEGG database suggest that the found relationships need further investigation and verification.
A transition of power in opioid substitution treatment: Clinic managers' views on the consequences of a patient choice reform

Objectives: Opioid substitution treatment (OST) is often described as a strict and highly regulated treatment method, in which patients have limited influence over their treatment. In 2014, a reform was introduced by the regional council of Skåne in southern Sweden, which allowed OST patients to choose their treatment provider, thus transferring power from care providers to patients. The aim of this study was to examine what this increase in patient influence has meant for the clinics that provide OST in Skåne, and how these clinics have dealt with the new competitive situation that has arisen following the introduction of the reform. Methods: The study is based on two waves of semi-structured interviews with clinic managers at all OST clinics in Skåne. Results: The clinic managers described the increase in patient influence as a positive change, which had led to the patients being treated with more respect. The competition among clinics was expressed, among other things, in the form of differing views on the prescription of benzodiazepines, which initially gave rise to dissatisfaction among clinics with a more restrictive approach to such prescriptions. The reform did not lead to any clear diversity between clinics, apart from different approaches to the prescription of benzodiazepines. The incentive for competition-based diversity is, however, limited by the strict national regulatory system and by the reimbursement system, which restricts the ways in which clinics can conduct treatment activities. Conclusion: OST-clinic managers were largely positive about the increased patient empowerment and the shift in power balance associated with the patient choice reform. The introduction of the reform did not lead to any clear diversity between treatment providers, apart from differing views on the prescription of benzodiazepines, which by some managers was regarded as unfair competition.
Metabolic predictors of phenotypic traits can replace and complement measured clinical variables in transcriptome-wide association studies

Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) can provide valuable insights into biological and disease-underlying mechanisms. For studying clinical effects, availability of (confounding) phenotypic traits is essential. The (re)use of RNA-seq or other omics data can be limited by missing, incomplete, or inaccurate phenotypic information. A possible solution are molecular predictors inferring clinical or behavioral phenotypic traits. Such predictors have been developed based on different omics data types and are being applied in various studies. In this study, we applied 17 metabolic predictors to infer various traits, including diabetes status or exposure to lipid medication. We evaluated whether these metabolic surrogates can be used as an alternative to reported information for studying the respective phenotypes using TWAS. Our results revealed that in most cases, the use of metabolic surrogates yields similar results compared to using reported information, making them suitable substitutes for such studies. The application of metabolomics-derived surrogate outcomes opens new possibilities for reuse of multi-omics data sets, especially in situations where availability of clinical metadata is limited. Missing or incomplete information can be complemented by these surrogates, thereby increasing the size of available data sets. Studies would likely also benefit from the use of such surrogates to correct for potential biological confounding. This should be further investigated. Author summary Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) can be used to associate gene expression levels with phenotypic traits. These associations can provide insights into biological mechanisms including those that underlie diseases. Such studies require molecular profiling data from a large number of individuals as well as information on the phenotypic trait of interest. Biobanks that collect samples and corresponding molecular data, also collect information on phenotypic traits or clinical information. However, this information can be heterogeneous and/or incomplete, or a certain piece of information could be missing entirely. In this study, we apply metabolic predictors to infer various traits, including diabetes status or exposure to lipid medication. We evaluate whether these metabolic surrogates can be used as an alternative to reported information for studying the respective phenotypes using TWAS. Our results reveal that in many cases, the use of metabolic surrogates yields similar results compared to using reported information, making them suitable substitutes for such studies. The possibility of using these surrogate outcomes can thus increase the size of data sets for studies where phenotypic information is incomplete or missing.
Reporting adverse events of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 coronavirus vaccine (Recombinant) among the vaccinated healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional survey

Background & objectives: The safety of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine is a cause of concern for many who have been vaccinated. The people have multiple concerns and fear regarding the adverse events of the vaccine. Thus, this study was undertaken to establish the safety profile of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Corona Virus Vaccine (Recombinant) among the healthcare professionals. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. After taking clearance from the institutional ethics committee 1500 healthcare professionals, who had their vaccination in the past two weeks were selected. They were provided with an online survey proforma regarding adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) of COVID-19 vaccine developed using google forms with an informed consent form affixed to it. Results: A total of 1036 individuals participated in the study. The mean and median (inter quartile range) age of the participants was 37.7 ±11.25 and 35 (29-46) yr, respectively. Of these, 52.1 per cent were female, 29.3 per cent were doctors, 33.4 per cent were nurses and 9.5 per cent were paramedical staff. Forty six per cent participants experienced one or more minor AEFIs such as pain, tenderness, redness, etc. at the injection site. Fatigue (31.75%), generalized feeling of unwell (28.57%), muscle pain (23.16%) and fever (21.71%) were the most commonly reported systemic AEFIs followed by headache (20.07%), dizziness (10.03%) and joint pains (15.25%). Most of them experienced these AEFIs within 24 h of the first dose of administration. About 42 per cent of the participants took oral antipyretics/analgesics for managing the AEFIs. Interpretation & conclusions: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Corona Virus Vaccine was found to be associated with mild local and systemic AEFIs that were more common after the first dose as compared to the second dose. There adverse events could be dealt with oral over-the-counter medications, with no requirement of hospitalization.
Emerging responsibilities of the anaesthesiologist in competency-based undergraduate medical education

The competency-based medical education (CBME) curriculum for undergraduate medical education recently rolled out by the regulating body gives the much-needed importance to the subject of Anaesthesiology, which in the earlier traditional curriculum was unappreciated. The contributions of the Anaesthesiology faculty to the new curriculum include the conduct of basic life support sessions in the foundation course followed by the teaching of 46 stand-alone, subject-specific topics and 17 integrated topics in the next 54 months. The anaesthesiologists will play a vital role in sensitising the 1st-year students to the hospital environment during early clinical exposure sessions by facilitating their visits to operation theatres and critical care areas. Anaesthesiologists are the leaders in the establishment and maintenance of the skill laboratories and in imparting simulation-based training for teaching crisis management, patient management in pandemics and lifesaving skills; nevertheless, there is a definite scope for further enhancement of the anaesthesiologist's role in the CBME.
Migraine, Stroke, and Cervical Arterial Dissection

Background and Objectives Migraine, stroke, and cervical artery dissection (CeAD) represent a triad of cerebrovascular disorders with pairwise comorbid relationships and vascular involvement. Larger samples and recent advances in methodology invite systematic exploration of their shared genetics. Methods Genetic analyses leveraged summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of the largest available samples of each disorder, including subtypes of stroke (ischemic stroke, large artery stroke, small vessel stroke, and cardioembolic stroke) and migraine (with aura and without aura). For each pair of disorders, genetic correlation was assessed both on a genome-wide basis and within independent segments across the genome including known specific loci for each disorder. A cross-trait meta-analysis was used to identify novel candidate loci. Finally, potential causality of migraine susceptibility on stroke and CeAD was assessed by Mendelian randomization. Results Among all pairs of disorders, genome-wide genetic correlation was observed only between CeAD and migraine, particularly MO. Local genetic correlations were more extensive between migraine and CeAD than those between migraine and stroke or CeAD and stroke and revealed evidence for novel CeAD associations at rs6693567 (ADAMTSL4/ECM1), rs11187838 (PLCE1), and rs7940646 (MRVI1) while strengthening prior subthreshold evidence at rs9486725 (FHL5) and rs650724 (LRP1). At known migraine loci, novel associations with stroke had concordant risk alleles for small vessel stroke at rs191602009 (CARF) and for cardioembolic stroke at rs55884259 (NKX2-5). Known migraine loci also revealed novel associations but with opposite risk alleles for all stroke, ischemic stroke, and small vessel stroke at rs55928386 (HTRA1), for large artery stroke at rs11172113 (LRP1), and for all stroke and ischemic stroke at rs1535791 and rs4942561 (both LRCH1), respectively. rs182923402 (near PTCH1) was a novel concordant locus for migraine and cardioembolic stroke. Mendelian randomization supported potential causal influences of migraine on CeAD (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] per doubling migraine prevalence = 1.69 [1.24–2.3], p = 0.0009) with concordant risk, but with opposite risk on large artery stroke (0.86 [0.76–0.96], p = 0.0067). Discussion The findings emphasize shared genetic risk between migraine and CeAD while identifying loci with likely vascular function in migraine and shared but opposite genetic risk between migraine and stroke subtypes, and a central role of LRP1 in all 3 cerebrovascular disorders.
Effectiveness and safety of co-administration of moxifloxacin with netilmicin in drug-resistant tuberculosis patients, and its impact on inflammatory factors and immune function

Purpose: To study the effectiveness and safety of co-administration of moxifloxacin with netilmicin in drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) patients, and its impact on levels of inflammatory factors and immune function. Methods: We enrolled 100 patients with drug-resistant TB admitted to People’s Hospital of Rizhao between May 2017 and October 2019. The patients were randomly allocated to control group and study group, with 50 patients per group. The control group received moxifloxacin at a dose of 0.2 g t.i. d. for 6 months and the study group received netilmicin at a dose of 0.1 g t.i. d. plus. The response, incidence of adverse reactions, expression levels of inflammatory factors, immune function, and sputum-negative status after 2, 4 and 6 months of TB treatment were compared. Results: The study group showed markedly higher response than the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, there were lower incidence of adverse effects in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The expression levels of inflammatory factors were significantly lower in the study group, while the concentrations of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ were markedly higher (p < 0.05). After 2, 4 and 6 months of TB treatment, cases of sputum-negative conversion were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Co-administration of moxifloxacin with netilmicin produces much higher effectiveness and safety than moxifloxacin monotherapy, decreases inflammatory factor levels and improves immune function in patients with drug-resistant TB.