Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
p 53 Bladder Cancer Progression and Has Cooperative Effects with Elevated and Absent pRb Expression Is Associated with Updated

Rb protein (pRb) expression was evaluated in 185 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder from patients that underwent radical cystectomy. Tumors were stratified into three categories based on the percentage of nuclei expressing pRb: (a) 0, 0% of tumor cells showing nuclear reactivity; (In \+, 1-50% of tumor cells showing nuclear reactivity; and (c)2+, >50% of tumor cells showing nuclear reactivity. Cases with undetectable (pRb 0) and high (pRb 2+) pRb reactivity had identical rates of recurrence. These cases had significantly higher recurrence (P = 0.0001) and lower survival rates i/' = 0.0002) compared to cases with moderate (pRb 1+ ) pRb reactivity, indicating that high levels of pRb expression may reflect a dysfunctional (altered) Rb pathway. The tumors were also examined for alterations in p53 expression; patients with tumors altered in both p53 and pRb had signifi cantly increased rates of recurrence (P < 0.0001) and survival (P < 0.0001) compared to patients with no alterations in either p53 or pRb; patients with alterations in only one of these proteins had intermediate rates of recurrence and survival. These results suggest that: (a) bladder cancers with high pRb expression do not show the tumor suppressor effects of the protein; and (In alteration in both p53 and pRb may act in cooperative or synergistic ways to promote tumor progression.
Nonlinear Dynamics in III-V Semiconductor Photonic Crystal Nano-cavities

Nonlinear optics concerns the modifications of the optical properties of a material induced by the propagation of light. Since its beginnings, fifty years ago, it has already found applications in almost any field of science. In micro and nano-photonics, nonlinear phenomena are at the heart of both fascinating fundamental physics and interesting potential applications: they give a handle to tailor and control the flow of light within a sub-wavelength spatial scale. Indeed, the nonlinear effects can be enhanced in systems allowing tight light confinement and low optical loses. Good candidates for this are the Photonic Crystal (PhC) nanocavities, which have been extensively studied in recent years. Among the great diversity of nonlinear processes in optics, nonlinear dynamical phenomena such as bistability and excitability have recently received considerable attention. While bistability is well known as a building block for all-optical memories, switching and logic gates, excitability has been demonstrated in optics about fifteen years ago: coming from neuroscience, it is the mechanism underlying action potential firing in neurons. In this work, we have studied bistable, self-pulsing and excitable regimes in InP-based PhC nanocavities. In order to achieve efficient light coupling into the nanocavities, we have developed an evanescent coupling technique using tapered optical microfibers. As a result, we have demonstrated for the first time excitability in a PhC nanocavity. In addition, we have accomplished the first step towards nonlinear dynamics in arrays of coupled cavities by demonstrating optical linear coupling between adjacent nanocavitites. This was achieved using far field measurements of photoluminescence. A set of coupled nonlinear resonators opens the door to a rich family of nonlinear dynamical phenomena based on spontaneous symmetry breaking. We have theoretically demonstrated this phenomenon in two evanescently coupled cavities. The first experimental studies on this regime were carried out, which establish a basis for a future demonstration of spontaneous symmetry breaking in arrays of nonlinear coupled PhC nanocavities.
Development of a Behavioural Marker System for Rating Cadet's Non-Technical Skills

Despite the adoption of crew resource management training for bridge teams over the last decades, the training is still heavily focussed on technical achievements. In an educational context, the situation is more problematical, since with requirement of developing the technical skills, there is a need to build and evaluate the non-technical skills of cadets with little experience in bridge team management. In parallel with the application of team leadership models, the Portuguese Naval Academy conducted a research to improve the development and assessment of non-technical skills in bridge simulators. This paper describes the method used to identify the key non-technical skills required for naval cadets and to develop a behavioural marker system for their measurement. A literature review of behavioural marker systems was supplemented with an analysis of interviews conducted with students and simulator instructors. Additionally, further analysis of Portuguese Navy accidents reports was made, applying the HFACS framework to identify the relevant non-technical skills involved in the accidents. The resulting rating system covers five skill categories (leadership, situational awareness, communication, team work and decision making), each one with three rating elements. The framework is currently under evaluation tests in bridge simulators sessions, within an educational context.
Deciphering Antibody Responses to Orthonairoviruses in Ruminants

Antibody cross-reactivities between related viruses are common diagnostic challenges, resulting in reduced diagnostic specificities and sensitivities. In this study, antibody cross-reactions between neglected members of the genus Orthonairovirus—Hazara (HAZV), Dugbe (DUGV), and Nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus (NSDV)—were investigated. Mono-specific ovine and bovine sera following experimental infections as well immunization trials with HAZV, DUGV, and NSDV were tested in homologous and heterologous virus-specific assays, namely indirect ELISAs based on recombinant N protein, indirect immunofluorescence assays (iIFA), and two neutralization test formats (plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and micro-virus neutralization test (mVNT)). The highest specificities were achieved with the ELISAs, followed by the mVNT, iIFA, and PRNT. Cross-reactivities were mainly observed within the Nairobi sheep disease serogroup–but surprisingly, HAZV antibodies in PRNT did also neutralize NSDV and DUGV. In conclusion, we recommend ELISAs and mVNTs for a discriminative diagnostic approach to differentiate between these antibodies. NSDV antisera were also used in serological assays for the detection of antibodies against the human pathogen Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV). Interestingly, all CCHFV ELISAs (In-house and commercial) achieved high diagnostic specificities, whereas significant cross-reactivities were observed in a CCHFV iIFA. Previously, similar results were obtained when analyzing the HAZV and DUGV antisera.
Investigating Non-Technical Skills in Scottish and English Aircraft Maintenance Teams Using a Mixed Methodology of Interviews and a Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the non-technical skills used by aircraft maintenance crews. Background: Aircraft maintenance is a vital aspect of aviation, with failures in aircraft maintenance linked to one third of aircraft malfunctions. Research within other high-risk industries indicates the importance of non-technical skills in ensuring effective performance and reducing the risk of error. Method: A mixed-methods approach was used: Aircraft maintenance workers from 2 locations (Scotland and England, n = 24) were interviewed using the critical incident technique. A short survey was then distributed (n = 31) to further explore worker perceptions of non-technical skill usage across different organizational locations. Results: The interviews identified team-based non-technical skills as Situation awareness, decision making, leadership, teamwork and communication, and task management. Lone worker non-technical skills were identified as Situation awareness, decision making, and task management. The questionnaire study indicated that perception of task management was significantly more negative than for situation awareness, leadership, teamwork, and communication. Moreover, participants from Scottish units were significantly more positive about situation awareness and teamwork than their English counterparts. Conclusion: The results indicate that non-technical skills are an important aspect of aircraft maintenance workers’ work performance and safety, mirroring the findings reported within other high-risk industries. Variance across organizational units suggests future training programs must be tailored to fit each team.
Treatment and survival of patients with nonmalignant intracranial meningioma: results from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute

Object— The authors conducted a study to determine population-based estimates of survival following the diagnosis and treatment of nonmalignant intracranial meningioma in the US in the modern era. Methods— Patients with nonmalignant intracranial meningioma were identified through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for the years 2004–2007. Predictors of undergoing resection were identified and odds ratios calculated. Estimates of survival were calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimation method and Cox proportional hazards model. Results— There were 12,284 patients with a diagnosis of nonmalignant intracranial meningioma included in the analysis. Only 55% had histological confirmation of the diagnosis of nonmalignant meningioma. Resection was used as an initial treatment in 43% of cases. Patients treated with surgery were more likely to be younger (OR 9.3, 95% CI 8.1–10.7, for resection in patients age 40–59 years compared with age > 80 years), male (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.3–1.5, for males compared with females), white (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7–0.9, for black patients compared with white patients), and have larger tumors (OR 11.8, 95% CI 10.3–13.6, for tumors of the largest quartile compared with the smallest quartile). Patients treated with resection had a 3-year postdiagnosis survival estimate of 93.4% (95% CI 92.5%–94.3%) compared with 88.3% (95% CI 85.5%–90.6%) in
T HE M ECHANICAL P ROPERTIES OF H UMAN D ENTIN : A C RITICAL R EVIEW AND R E - EVALUATION OF THE D ENTAL L ITERATURE

: The past 50 years of research on the mechanical properties of human dentin are reviewed. Since the body of work in this field is highly inconsistent, it was often necessary to re-analyze prior studies, when possible, and to re-assess them within the framework of composite mechanics and dentin structure. A critical re-evaluation of the literature indicates that the magnitudes of the elastic constants of dentin must be revised considerably upward. The Young's and shear moduli lie between 20-25 GPa and 7-10 GPa, respectively. Viscoelastic behavior (time-dependent stress relaxation) measurably reduces these values at strain rates of physiological relevance; the reduced modulus (infinite relaxation time) is about 12 GPa. Furthermore, it appears as if the elastic properties are anisotropic (not the same in all directions); sonic methods detect hexagonal anisotropy, although its magnitude appears to be small. Strength data are re-interpreted within the framework of the Weibull distribution function. The large coefficients of variation cited in all strength studies can then be understood in terms of a distribution of flaws within the dentin specimens. The apparent size-effect in the tensile and shear strength data has its origins in this flaw distribution, and can be quantified by the Weibull analysis. Finally, the relatively few fracture mechanics and fatigue studies are discussed. Dentin has a fatigue limit. For stresses smaller than the normal stresses of mastication, ~ 30 MPa, a flaw-free dentin specimen apparently will not fail. However, a more conservative approach based on fatigue crack growth rates indicates that if there is a pre-exist-ing flaw of sufficient size (~ 0.3-1.0 mm), it can grow to catastrophic proportion with cyclic loading at stresses below 30 MPa. of Lees and Rollins (1972). There was a pronounced hexag- onal (transverse isotropic) anisotropy in the Young's modulus, a result that was forced by a priori assumptions of the symmetry. The Young's modulus was greatest in the direction of the tubules (36 GPa) and much less in the orthogonal direction (29 GPa). The Young's modulus is compared with the values from the resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) measurements of Kinney et al . (2002). The RUS measurements, which were made without assumption as to material symmetry, also show hexagonal symmetry, but the stiffest orientation is now per- pendicular to the axis of the tubules. This result is more consistent with what is known about the orientation of the collagen fibrils, which lie in a plane perpendicular to the tubule axis.
The Effect of Telephone v. Print Tailoring for Mammography Adherence

Objective— The purpose of this intervention was to increase mammography adherence in women who had not had a mammogram in the last 15 months. Methods— A prospective randomized intervention trial used four groups: (1) Usual Care, (2) Tailored telephone counseling, (3) Tailored print, (4) Tailored telephone counseling and print. Participants included a total of 1244 women from two sites—a general medicine clinic setting serving predominately low-income clientele and a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO). Computer-tailored interventions addressed each woman’s perceived risk of breast cancer, benefits and/or barriers and self efficacy related to mammography screening comparing delivery by telephone and mail. Results— Compared to usual care all intervention groups increased mammography adherence significantly (odds ratio 1.60 to 1.91) when the entire sample was included. Conclusions— All interventions groups demonstrated efficacy in increasing mammography adherence as compared to a usual care group. When the intervention analysis considered baseline stage, pre contemplators (women who did not intend to get a mammogram) did not significantly increase in mammography adherence as compared to usual care. Practice Implications— Women who are in pre contemplation stage may need a more intensive intervention.
Preventing Postoperative Delirium: A Prospective Intervention With Psychogeriatric Liaison on Surgical Wards in a General Hospital

Methods: In an open study, we systematically assessed the frequency of postoperative delirium in patients over age 70 on two surgical wards of a general hospital. In a six-month “prevalence phase,” from March to August 2011, we counted the number of patients with postoperative delirium, but did not initiate any intervention. Thereafter, in a ten-month “intervention phase” from September 2011 to June 2012, a nurse with special training in the management of delirium carried out an intervention involving component measures of the Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP) on one of the two wards, with the aim of preventing postoperative delirium. The patients on the other ward served as a control group.
Why ILCs?

Summary Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are positioned in tissues perinatally, constitutively express receptors responsive to their organ microenvironments, and perform an arsenal of effector functions that overlap those of adaptive CD4 + T cells. Based on knowledge regarding subsets of invariant-like lymphocytes (e.g.; γδ T cells, MAIT cells, etc) and fetally-derived macrophages, we hypothesize that immune cells established during the perinatal period—including, but not limited to ILCs— serve intimate roles in tissue that go beyond classical understanding of the immune system in microbial host defense. In this perspective, we propose mechanisms by which the establishment of ILCs and the tissue lymphoid niche during early development may have consequences much later in life. Although definitive answers require better tools, efforts to achieve deeper understanding of ILC biology across the mammalian lifespan have the potential to lift the veil on the unknown breadth of immune cell functions.
Image classification with bags of local features

Many classification techniques expect class instances to be represented as feature vectors, i.e. points in a feature space. In computer vision classification problems, it is often possible to generate an informative feature vector representation of an image, for example using global texture or shape descriptors. However, in other cases, it may be beneficial to treat images as variable size unordered sets or bags of features, in which each feature represents a localized salient image structure or patch. These local features do not require a segmentation, and can be useful for object recognition in the presence of occlusion and clutter. The local features are often used to find point correspondences between images to be later used for 3D reconstruction, object recognition, detection, or image retrieval. However, there are many cases when exact correspondences are difficult or even impossible to compute. Furthermore, point correspondences may not be necessary, unless one is interested in recovering the 3D shape of an object. If the correspondences are not computed, then this representation indeed constitutes an unordered set of local features. In this dissertation we present methods for object class recognition using bags of features without relying on point correspondences. We also show that using bags of features and more traditional feature vector representation of images together can improve classification accuracy. We then propose and evaluate several methods of combining the two representations. The proposed techniques are applied to a challenging marine science domain.
Variable Seed Bed Microsite Conditions and Light Influence Germination in Australian Winter Annuals

Environmentally-cued germination may play an important role in promoting coexistence in 24 Mediterranean annual plant systems if it causes niche differentiation across heterogenous 25 microsite conditions. In this study, we tested how microsite conditions experienced by seeds 26 in the field and light conditions in the laboratory influenced germination in twelve common 27 annual plant species occurring in the understorey of the York gum-jam woodlands in 28 southwest Western Australia. Specifically, we hypothesized that if germination promotes 29 spatial niche differentiation then we should observe species-specific germination responses to 30 light. In addition, we hypothesized that species’ laboratory germination response may 31 depend on the microsite conditions experienced by seeds while buried. We tested the 32 laboratory germination response of seeds of species under diurnally fluctuating light and 33 complete darkness which were retrieved from microsites spanning local-scale environmental 34 gradients known to influence community structure in this system. We found that seeds of six 35 out of the twelve focal species exhibited significant positive germination responses to light 36 but that the magnitude of these responses varied greatly. In addition, maximum germinability 37 increased significantly across a gradient of canopy cover for two species, but we found little 38 evidence to suggest that species’ relative light requirement for germination varied depending 39 on microsite conditions. Our results suggest that variability in light availability may promote 40 coexistence in this system and that the microsite conditions seeds experience in the intra- 41 growing season period can further nuance species germination behaviour.
Added sugar, sugar-sweetened foods and beverages and risk of pancreatic cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study

Ying Bao, Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon, Li Jiao, Debra T. Silverman, Amy F. Subar, Yikyung Park, Michael F. Leitzmann, Albert Hollenbeck, Arthur Schatzkin, and Dominique S. Michaud Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (YB, DSM); Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (RSS, LJ, DTS, YP, MFL, AS, DSM); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (AFS); AARP, Washington, DC, WA (AH); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, UK (DSM)
Systems Biology Analysis of Sjögren’s Syndrome and MALT Lymphoma Development in Parotid Glands

OBJECTIVE— To identify key target genes and activated signal pathways associated with the disease pathogenesis by conducting a systems analysis of parotid gland manifesting primary Sjögren’s syndrome ( pSS ) and pSS/mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue ( pSS/MALT ) lymphoma phenotypes. METHODS— A systems biologic approach was used to analyze parotid gland tissues obtained from non-pSS, pSS and pSS/MALT lymphoma patients. Concurrent expression microarray profiling and proteomic analysis were performed followed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis ( WGCNA ). RESULTS— Gene co-expression modules related to pSS and pSS/MALT lymphoma are significantly enriched with genes known to be involved in immune/defense response, apoptosis, cell signaling, gene regulation, and oxidative stress. A detailed functional pathway analysis indicates that the pSS-associated modules are enriched with genes involved in proteasome degradation, apoptosis, signal peptides (MHC) class I, complement activation, cell growth and death, and integrin-mediated cell adhesion. The pSS/MALT-associated modules are enriched with genes involved in translation, ribosome, protease degradation, signal peptides (MHC) class I, G13 signaling pathway, complement activation, and Integrin-mediated cell adhesion. The combined analysis of gene expression and proteomics data implicates six highly connected hub genes for distinguishing pSS from non-pSS controls, and eight hub genes for distinguishing pSS/MALT lymphoma from pSS. CONCLUSION— Systems biologic analysis of pSS and pSS/MALT parotid glands reveals pathways and molecular targets associated with the disease pathogenesis. The identified gene modules/pathways provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms of pSS and pSS/MALT lymphoma. The identified disease hub genes represent promising targets for therapeutic intervention, diagnosis, and prognosis.
NEURON SPECIFIC TOXICITY OF OLIGOMERIC BETA AMYLOID: Implications for JUN-kinase and oxidative stress

Recent studies have demonstrated a potential role for oligomeric forms of beta amyloid (A β ) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), although it remains unclear which aspects of AD may be mediated by oligomeric A β . In the present study we found that primary cultures of rat cortical neurons exhibit a dose-dependent increase in cell death following A β oligomer administration, while primary cultures of astrocytes exhibited no overt toxicity with even the highest concentrations of oligomer treatment. Neither cell type exhibited toxicity when treated by equal concentrations of monomeric A β . The neuron death induced by oligomer treatment was associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), altered expression of mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins, and JUN kinase activation. Pharmacological inhibition of JUN kinase ameliorated oligomeric A β toxicity in neurons. These data indicate that oligomeric A β is sufficient to selectively induce toxicity in neurons, but not astrocytes, with neuron death occurring in a JUN kinase-dependent manner. Additionally, these observations implicate a role for oligomeric A β as a contributor to neuronal oxidative stress and mitochondrial disturbances in AD.
Case Studies of Progressing Older Men with Alzheimer's Disease Through Aerobic Training

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) currently affects 5.3 million Americans (Alzheimer’s Association, 2010) and will inflict an estimated 14 million by 2050 (Hebert, Scherr, Bienias, Bennett, & Evans, 2003). Older adults with AD experience functional decline that contributes significantly to poor healthcare outcomes and incurs enormous expenditure (Yu, Kolanowski, Strumpf, & Eslinger, 2006). Aerobic training is a potential intervention that could mitigate functional decline and its negative impact by improving cardiovascular fitness.