Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modulus of continuity of solutions to complex Hessian equations

We give a sharp estimate of the modulus of continuity of the solution to the Dirichlet problem for the complex Hessian equation of order $m$ ($1 \leq m \leq n$) with a continuous right hand side and a continuous boundary data in a bounded strongly $m$-pseudoconvex domain $\Om \Subset \C^n$. Moreover when the right hand side is in $L^p(\Om) $, for some $p > n/m$ and the boundary value function is $C^{1,1}$ we prove that the solution is H\"older continuous.
The E2F4/p130 repressor complex cooperates with oncogenic ΔNp73α to promote cell survival in human papillomavirus 38 E6/E7-transformed keratinocytes and in cancer cells

Tumor suppressor p53 and its related proteins, p63 and p73, can be synthesized as multiple isoforms lacking part of the N- or C-terminal regions. Specifically, high expression of the ΔNp73α isoform is notoriously associated with various human malignancies characterized by poor prognosis. This isoform is also accumulated by oncogenic viruses such as Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), as well as genus beta human papillomaviruses (HPV) that appear to be involved in carcinogenesis. To gain additional insight into ΔNp73α mechanisms, we have performed proteomics analyses using human keratinocytes transformed by the E6 and E7 proteins of the beta-HPV type 38 virus as an experimental model (38HK). We find that ΔNp73α associates with the E2F4/p130 repressor complex through a direct interaction with E2F4. This interaction is favored by the N-terminal truncation of p73 characteristic of ΔNp73 isoforms. Moreover, it is independent of the C-terminal splicing status, suggesting that it could represent a general feature of ΔNp73 isoforms (α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, θ, η, and η1). We also show that the ΔNp73α- E2F4/p130 complex inhibits the expression of specific genes, including genes encoding for negative regulators of proliferation, both in 38HK and in HPV-negative cancer-derived cell lines. Consistently, silencing of E2F4 in 38HK and in cancer cells results in induction of senescence. In conclusion, we have identified and characterized a novel transcriptional regulatory complex that exerts pro-survival functions in transformed cells. IMPORTANCE The TP53 gene is mutated in about 50% of human cancers. In contrast, the TP63 and TP73 genes are rarely mutated but rather expressed as ΔNp63 and ΔNp73 isoforms in a wide range of malignancies, where they act as p53 antagonists. Accumulation of ΔNp63 and ΔNp73, which is associated with chemoresistance, can result from infection by oncogenic viruses such as EBV or HPV. Our study focuses on the highly carcinogenic ΔNp73α isoform and uses a viral model of cellular transformation. We unveil a physical interaction between ΔNp73α and the E2F4/p130 complex involved in cell cycle control, which rewires the E2F4/p130 transcriptional program. Consistently, we find that E2F4 gains pro-survival functions in transformed cells expressing ΔNp73α. This report shows, for the first time, that ΔNp73 isoforms acquire novel protein-protein interactions with respect to the TAp73 tumor suppressor. This situation is analogous to the gain-of-function interactions of p53 mutants supporting cellular proliferation.
Diverse genetic architectures on the Z chromosome underlie 1 the two rules of speciation in Papilio butterfly hybrids

Two empirical rules arise from the incompatibility of interspecific hybrids: Haldane’s Rule pre- 12 dicts that the chromosomally heterogametic sex (XY or ZW) is more unfit after hybridization; the 13 large-X/Z effect posits that sex chromosomes play a major role in incompatibility. Classical theo- 14 ries on these two rules rely on evidence mainly from taxa with male heterogamety, while female 15 heterogamety received little investigation. Here, we reveal the genetic architectures of the two 16 rules in hybrids between the butterflies Papilio bianor and Papilio dehaanii , where the female is the 17 heterogametic sex. In these crosses, hybrid females suffer from both body size abnormality and 18 ovary dysgenesis, while males appear normal and fertile. Curiously, abnormal size in females 19 is mapped to a continuum of Z-linked polygenes, each acting quantitatively with small pheno- 20 typic effects. This polygenic system, perhaps spanning the entire Z chromosome, also correctly 21 predicts weaker incompatibility effects in males. For ovary dysgenesis, the underlying genetic 22 architecture can be monogenic or polygenic with different maternal backgrounds. Most pecu- 23 liarly, when comparing ovary dysgenesis in certain maternal backgrounds between Papilio and 24 Heliconius , we find that F 1 recombination on the Z chromosome often rescues incompatibilities 25 among backcross individuals, while a non-recombined Z chromosome almost always produces 26 strong ovary defects regardless of ancestry. These results suggest that high fitness in these ma- ternal backgrounds requires a balance between the total quantities of introgression on autosomes 28 and the Z chromosome. Our study highlights that, in addition to incompatibility factors with 29 large effects, genomically dispersed polygenes are also abundant in creating butterfly reproduc- tive isolation. follicles. subtypes). removed follicle cells into tube-like structure with nurse cells and oocytes. Subtype canonical: the entire ovariole collapses into single bag of oocytes and nurse cells. Subtype oblong: similar to “canonical”, but ovariole elongated. ambiguous: some ovariole
Cortical Tracking of Continuous Speech Under Bimodal Divided Attention

Speech processing often occurs amidst competing inputs from other modalities, e.g., listening to the radio while driving. We examined the extent to which dividing attention between auditory and visual modalities (bimodal divided attention) impacts neural processing of natural continuous speech from acoustic to linguistic levels of representation. We recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) responses when human participants performed a challenging primary visual task, imposing low or high cognitive load while listening to audiobook stories as a secondary task. The two dual-task conditions were contrasted with an auditory single-task condition in which participants attended to stories while ignoring visual stimuli. Behaviorally, the high load dual-task condition was associated with lower speech comprehension accuracy relative to the other two conditions. We fitted multivariate temporal response function encoding models to predict EEG responses from acoustic and linguistic speech features at different representation levels, including auditory spectrograms and information-theoretic models of sublexical-, word-form-, and sentence-level representations. Neural tracking of most acoustic and linguistic features remained unchanged with increasing dual-task load, despite unambiguous behavioral and neural evidence of the high load dual-task condition being more demanding. Compared to the auditory single-task condition, dual-task conditions selectively reduced neural tracking of only some acoustic and linguistic features, mainly at latencies >200 ms, while earlier latencies were surprisingly unaffected. These findings indicate that behavioral effects of bimodal divided attention on continuous speech processing occur not due to impaired early sensory representations but likely at later cognitive processing stages. Crossmodal attention-related mechanisms may not be uniform across different speech processing levels.
Complex, symplectic and Kaehler structures on four dimensional Lie groups

In this work we deal with left invariant complex and symplectic structures on simply connected four dimensional solvable real Lie groups. We search the general form of such structures, when they exist and we make use of this information to determine all left invariant Kaehler structures. Finally, as an appendix we compute explicitly the real cohomology of the corresponding Lie algebras.
Effect of physical exercise and noninvasive brain stimulation on cognition and dementia of elderly people with frailty: A randomized study

The objective was to verify the effects of intervention with physical and mental exercises (PMED) and noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on cognition and dementia of frail elderly people with mild cognitive deficits. Sixty elderly people (aged 65–80 years) were divided into three groups, an experimental group (GAE) that received intervention with PMED plus NIBS, a control group for physical exercises (GCA), which received only the PMED, and the third also control non‐invasive brain stimulation group (GCF) that practiced only the NIBS intervention. The three types of intervention lasted 10 weeks, with 60 min per session The GAE received 20 min of NIBS, 5 min for warm‐up, 30 min for physical and mental training and 5 min for a cooling down rest. The other two groups had the same period per section, being that the GCA, in place of the real NIBS, had 20 min of white noise and the GCF, instead of practicing the real plan of physical exercises as did the other groups, experienced 30 min of relaxing exercises for body relaxation. Inhibitory control, working memory, dementia symptoms, and the brainwaves alpha‐band rhythm and resting‐state sensorimotor rhythm [SMR]) were the variables evaluated before and after the interventions. Individuals in the GAE group showed improvement in working memory (p < 0.0001), but those in the GCF (p > 0.05) and the GCA (p > 0.05) groups did not. All groups experienced an improvement in inhibitory control, alpha‐band rhythm and in the SMR rhythms. All groups also obtained a reduction in the dementia symptoms, but no difference between groups was observed. So, the interventions improved cognition, reduced dementia symptoms, and had a modulating effect on alpha wave activity and SMR in elderly people with mild cognitive deficits and frailty, but only the combined intervention (PMED plus NIBS) improved working memory.
Rediscovering, reevaluating, and restoring Entiatqua: Identifying pre‐Anthropocene valleys in North Cascadia, USA

A maturing body of evidence suggests that anthropogenic impacts on river‐wetland corridors (RWCs) are greater and more widespread than previously recognized. Partly, this stems from the difficulty of differentiating between legacy anthropogenic impacts and channel evolution resulting from natural disturbances. Here, we apply the geomorphic grade line (GGL) relative elevation model (REM) method to reveal pre‐Anthropocene fluvial features for a 42‐km reach of Entiatqua (English translation—the Entiat River) in the North Cascade Mountains, USA. We began by long profiling the entire length of the river valley and defining distinct valley segments based on breaks in profile. Next, we developed models of the valley profile for each segment, known as GGLs, and used them to develop high‐resolution REMs by detrending LiDAR‐derived digital elevation models. We then used the GGL‐REMs to map relict fluvial features in the valley floor. Validating the GGL‐REMs using surficial geologic maps, 14Cdated soil profiles, and the identifiable remnants of historic dams allows us to differentiate surfaces associated with the pre‐Anthropocene from those resulting from anthropogenic activities, including splash damming, channel straightening, large wood removal, and beaver extirpation. Our findings reveal 1–2.5 m of anthropogenically‐driven channel incision in unconfined and partially‐confined valley segments, wherein fluvial sediment balances transitioned from being net depositional to erosive, and later neutral, with river environments in these segments shifting from being complex, ecologically‐rich, RWCs to simpler, ecologically‐impoverished, single‐thread channels, like those found in confined valley segments. The adverse impacts of post‐Anthropocene fluvial responses on salmon habitats were likely profound and may help explain historical and ongoing declines in populations of listed species, including Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Our study of Entiatqua, together with evidence from other western US rivers, demonstrates that the GGL‐REM approach can be used to re‐envisage pre‐Anthropocene fluvial process‐form domains including identifying valley segments wherein fluvial responses to human development have disconnected RWCs. Once the pre‐Anthropogenic conditions of rivers like Entiatqua have been recognized, the case for restoring lost RWCs to unlock their ecological potential becomes compelling.
Initial phases of high-mass star formation: a multiwavelength study towards the extended green object G12.42+0.50

We present a multiwavelength study of the extended green object, G12.42+0.50 in this paper. The associated ionized, dust, and molecular components of this source are studied in detail employing various observations at near-, mid- and far-infrared, submillimeter and radio wavelengths. Radio continuum emission mapped at 610 and 1390 MHz, using the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope, India, advocates for a scenario of coexistence of an UC H II region and an ionized thermal jet possibly powered by the massive young stellar object, IRAS 18079-1756 with an estimated spectral type of B1 - B0.5. Shock-excited lines of H2 and [FeII], as seen in the near-infrared spectra obtained with UKIRT-UIST, lend support to this picture. Cold dust emission shows a massive clump of mass 1375 M{\sun} enveloping G12.42+0.50. Study of the molecular gas kinematics using the MALT90 and JCMT archival data unravels the presence of both infall activity and large-scale outflow suggesting an early stage of massive star formation in G12.42+0.50. A network of filamentary features are also revealed merging with the massive clump mimicking a hub-filament layout. Velocity structure along these indicate bulk inflow motion.
Characterizing the local gamma-ray Universe via angular cross-correlations

With a decade of gamma-ray data from the Fermi-LAT telescope, we can now hope to answer how well we know the local Universe at gamma-ray frequencies. On the other hand, with gamma-ray data alone it is not possible to directly access the distance of the emission and to point out the origin of unresolved sources. This obstacle can be overcome by cross-correlating the gamma-ray data with catalogs of objects with well-determined redshifts and positions. In this work, we cross-correlate Fermi-LAT skymaps with the 2MPZ catalog to study the local $z<0.2$ gamma-ray Universe, where about ten percent of the total unresolved gamma-ray background is produced. We find the signal to be dominated by AGN emissions, while star forming galaxies provide a subdominant contribution. Possible hints for a particle DM signal are discussed.
Computed tomography analysis of vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaque and relationship to clinical characteristics.

Objective: The presence of atherosclerotic plaque components such as lipid rich necrotic core and intraplaque haemorrhage is associated with increased plaque vulnerability, and may be used to stratify the risk of future cerebrovascular events. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between selected carotid plaque components imaged with CTA, patient characteristics, and clinical outcomes. Methods: Symptomatic patients underwent carotid CTA as part of the BIOVASC study. Images were analysed for plaque volume composition with a semi-automatic Hounsfield Unit (HU) based algorithm. Plaque components were classified based on their attenuation values: lipids <61 HU, fibrous tissue 61-129 HU and calcium >131 HU. Parametric and nonparametric tests were performed to compare plaque measurements to clinical characteristics and outcomes. Results: Onehundred and two symptomatic carotids were analysed (avg. age 69y, 54.9% Male, 29.4% severe stenosis). Mean plaque volume was 480 mm3, and the mean LRNC volume was 170 mm3. A difference in LRNC volume was identified between moderate and severe stenosis (190 vs 150 mm3, p=0.012). Regression analysis showed that age and gender may predict increased plaque volume (p<0.001). A trend for reduced mean plaque LRNC was identified in patients receiving statins (130 vs 210 mm3, p=0.08). Intra reader reliability showed good agreement (p<0.001) between CTA plaque measurements. Conclusions: In vivo CTA plaque volume composition assessment is feasible with good intra reader reliability. Our findings suggest that CTA HU measurements may be used to provide improved mechanistic and diagnostic insights into atherosclerotic disease, and facilitate the quantification of selected plaque components whose presence may be associated with increased plaque vulnerability.
CORM-401, an orally active carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, increases body temperature by activating non-shivering thermogenesis in rats

ABSTRACT Thermoregulation is critical in health and disease and is tightly controlled to maintain body temperature homeostasis. Carbon monoxide (CO), an endogenous gasotransmitter produced during heme degradation by heme oxygenases, has been suggested to play a role in body core temperature (Tb) regulation. However, a direct involvement of CO in thermoregulation has not been confirmed and its mechanism(s) of action remain largely unknown. In the present study we characterized the effects of systemic delivery of CO by administration of an orally active CO-releasing molecule (CORM-401) on Tb regulation in conscious freely moving rats. Specifically, we evaluated the main thermo effectors in rats treated with CORM-401 by assessing: (i) non-shivering thermogenesis, i.e. the increased metabolism of brown fat measured through oxygen consumption and (ii) the rate of heat loss from the tail through calculations of heat loss index. We found that oral administration of CORM-401 (30 mg/kg) resulted in augmented CO delivery into the blood circulation as evidenced a by significant increase in carbon monoxy hemoglobin levels(COHb). In addition, treatment with CORM-401 increased Tb, which was caused by an elevated non-shivering thermogenesis indicated by increased oxygen consumption without significant changes in the tail heat loss. On the other hand, CORM-401 did not affect blood pressure, but significantly decreased heart rate. In summary, the findings of the present study reveal that increased circulating CO levels lead to a rise in Tb, which could have important implications in the emerging role of CO in the modulation of energetic metabolism.
Exploring Particular Learner Factors Associated with South African Mathematics Learners’ Achievement: Gender Gap or Not

Mathematics is a gateway to science-related careers and all stakeholders want to improve the achievement levels in mathematics. In this study we use data from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study 2015 to investigate the association between the learner situational factors of gender, grade level age appropriateness, school location and test language familiarity with the mathematics achievement. We are particularly interested in whether gender can predict mathematics achievement, after taking into account these learner situational factors. The study used multiple regression to investigate the association between the variables where the mathematics achievement scores were calculated out of a possible 1000 scale points, with a mean of 500. The average score for the South African participants was 372. The regression predicts that learners who attend school in a rural and small village school are expected to achieve 63 and 48 points lower, respectively, than their counterparts from a similar background. In terms of the age effect, the regression predicts overall that a learner who is above the expected age for Grade 9 will get 60 points lower than a learner who is at the appropriate age the grade from a similar background. Furthermore the results show that if school location, familiarity with the test and age appropriateness are held constant, boys do better on average than girls by seven points and this is a significant effect. This result is unexpected since in the original data, the mean of the girls’ scores was on average higher than that of the boys. The study illustrates that gendered differences can only be adequately understood when other situational factors are considered. In order to improve the equity of the outcomes, targeted systemic interventions are necessary, which focus on improving the effectiveness of instruction and quality of learning opportunities so as to mediate the effect of these situational factors.
Volatility Level Dependence and Linear-Rational Term Structure Models

ABSTRACT We outline a subclass of linear-rational term structure models, based on CEV dynamics. A tractable and arbitrage-free term structure results from the linear-rational aspect of the model, independently of the term-structure volatility dynamics that follow from the CEV specification. This specification is devised to capture a flexible degree of volatility-level dependence, i.e., the degree to which yield-curve volatility depends on yield levels. We estimate the model based on a panel of South African swap rates, and extract the degree of volatility-level dependence inherent in the time series of rates, without interference from the shape of the swap curve. The CEV exponent parameters are found to be essential for matching the low degree of volatility-level dependence that tends to be observed in the high interest-rate environments of emerging markets.
Multiparametric MRI enables for differentiation of different degrees of malignancy in two murine models of breast cancer

Objective The objective of this study was to non-invasively differentiate the degree of malignancy in two murine breast cancer models based on identification of distinct tissue characteristics in a metastatic and non-metastatic tumor model using a multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) approach. Methods The highly metastatic 4T1 breast cancer model was compared to the non-metastatic 67NR model. Imaging was conducted on a 9.4 T small animal MRI. The protocol was used to characterize tumors regarding their structural composition, including heterogeneity, intratumoral edema and hemorrhage, as well as endothelial permeability using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T1/T2 mapping and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging. Mice were assessed on either day three, six or nine, with an i.v. injection of the albumin-binding contrast agent gadofosveset. Ex vivo validation of the results was performed with laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), histology, immunhistochemistry and electron microscopy. Results Significant differences in tumor composition were observed over time and between 4T1 and 67NR tumors. 4T1 tumors showed distorted blood vessels with a thin endothelial layer, resulting in a slower increase in signal intensity after injection of the contrast agent. Higher permeability was further reflected in higher Ktrans values, with consecutive retention of gadolinium in the tumor interstitium visible in MRI. 67NR tumors exhibited blood vessels with a thicker and more intact endothelial layer, resulting in higher peak enhancement, as well as higher maximum slope and area under the curve, but also a visible wash-out of the contrast agent and thus lower Ktrans values. A decreasing accumulation of gadolinium during tumor progression was also visible in both models in LA-ICP-MS. Tissue composition of 4T1 tumors was more heterogeneous, with intratumoral hemorrhage and necrosis and corresponding higher T1 and T2 relaxation times, while 67NR tumors mainly consisted of densely packed tumor cells. Histogram analysis of ADC showed higher values of mean ADC, histogram kurtosis, range and the 90th percentile (p90), as markers for the heterogenous structural composition of 4T1 tumors. Principal component analysis (PCA) discriminated well between the two tumor models. Conclusions Multiparametric MRI as presented in this study enables for the estimation of malignant potential in the two studied tumor models via the assessment of certain tumor features over time.