Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THERMODYNAMICS AND KINETICS OF NANOCLUSTER FORMATION ON SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES: THE EXAMPLE OF SI GROWTH ON SIC(0001)

The molecular beam epitaxial growth of Si on SiC is investigated as a prototypical system for the formation of nanoclusters on semiconductor surfaces without interface intermixing effects. The investigation clearly indicates the presence of both equilibrium and non-equilibrium effects with regard to the island formation. The existence of an equilibrium wetting layer thickness dequ independent from deposition rate R and temperature T is shown from the wetting behaviour of Si on SiC(0001) associated with a change in the surface reconstruction. After 3D island formation dequ is still present between the 3D-islands, what clearly confirms that the growth mode of Si is Stranski-Krastanov. The equilibrium wetting layer thickness is well described by equilibrium theory of heteroepitaxial growth considering strain as well as interface effects. At d > dequ and conditions that are close to the equilibrium surplus Si atoms always aggregate instantly into 3D islands. Under dynamical conditions of growth far from equilibrium, the range of 2D layer-by-layer growth can be extended to an excess wetting layer thickness (dcrit dequ). Investigation of (dcrit dequ) as function of R and T indicated a transition from thermodynamically to kinetically controlled regimes of 2D-3D transition by a change in deposition condition. Furthermore, the 2D-3D transition initially starts with the formation a larger 2D islands and the simultaneous formation of smaller 3D islands, which likely acts as precursors for the formation and growth of larger 3D islands. For the growth of islands during further deposition surface mass transport of adatoms is rate controlling. Post-deposition annealing of the highly stressed excess wetting layer (d > dequ) gives rise to 3D island nucleation after deposition was stopped, what could be a long lasting process because adatoms stem mainly from the wetting layer decomposition.
Effect of Prebiotic on the Behavioural Patterns, Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Antibody Titer and Some Blood Parameters of Mule Ducks

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of prebiotic on behavioural patterns performance and some blood parameters of ducks. A total of forty-eight 15 days-aged ducks (Mule) were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments containing 0 (Control), 1.5 g/ kg and 3.0 g/kg prebiotic, respectively. The results indicated that using prebiotic as a feed additive at a dose of 1.5 g/kg effect on duck movement activities as it increased walking and standing activities, while it reduced the resting behavioural activities. Further, regarding the ingestive behaviour, both 1.5 and 3.0 g/kg prebiotic addition increased the feeding activities, while, only adding 3.0 g/kg prebiotic increased the drinking activities in comparison to the control. Moreover, the result indicated that prebiotic did not affect preening activities. Moreover, the inclusion of prebiotic at 1.5 or 3.0 g/kg caused numerical improvement in all measured performance parameters (i.e. body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, caloric conversion ratio, and performance index). The 3.0 g/kg level of prebiotic induced significant decreased in serum cholesterol and both 1.5 and 3.0 g/kg prebiotic increased the HI titer of Avian influenza vaccine. In conclusion, prebiotic supplementations up to 0.30 g/kg diet show a non-significant positive effect on duck growth performance. However, the behavioural and haematological responses of duck to prebiotic supplementation are needed to be carefully considered.
Hybridization of Terrestrial Radio and SNSs for Public Engagements is Synergy for Social Capital in Digital Age

The use of social network sites (SNSs) by people in and outside work settings has become a global phenomenon and this activity is growing at geometric progression. Consequently, the growth of the use of SNSs as a major communication tool now has a relatively greater importance for organizations’ continual communication with the public and in building relationships. The use of SNSs today cuts across boundaries and seems to dim the attraction for the use of other forms of digital communication. This is essentially because of its stronger interactive ability to build virtual communities and followers for different organizations and individuals. In this paper, the use of social media, particularly social network sites by traditional radio broadcasting for public engagement is examined to establish its offer of social capital for radio stations, the public and advertisers. The paper draws from McLuhan’s Technological Determinism; Katz, Blumler & Gurevitch Uses and Gratification theories as theoretical foundation in tandem with qualitative analysis of documented relevant literature from which deductions were made. The discourse suggests that radio stations especially in developing countries must step up integrating the use of SNSs for associated socio-economic benefits if the stations are to remain relevant in current digital media landscape.
країн, підвищення рівня освіти та доходів населення. Дослідження показали, що передумовами успішного розвитку органічного виробництва у країнах-членах ЄС є: міцна інституційно-правова база, фінансова допомога виробникам органічної продукції, сприяння популяризації органічного виробництва, підт

євро), Данія (227 євро), Швеція (197 євро), Люксембург (188 євро) (рис. 4). Встановлено, що пересічний європеєць на органічні продукти витрачає 40,8 євро на рік, а мешканець ЄС – 60,5 євро. За оцінками Продовольчої та сільськогосподарської організації ООН (ФАО) у перспективі попит на органічну продукцію у світі зростатиме в міру розвитку економіки країн, підвищення рівня освіти та доходів населення. Дослідження показали, що передумовами успішного розвитку органічного виробництва у країнах-членах ЄС є: міцна інституційно-правова база, фінансова допомога виробникам органічної продукції, сприяння популяризації органічного виробництва, підтримка розвитку науки і дорадництва, довіра до маркування екологічного сільського господарства, зростання попиту на екологічну продукцію за кордоном та всередині країн, адміністративна підтримка через державні замовлення та держзакупівлі, надання пільгових кредитів агровиробникам тощо. Висновки. Ринок органічної продукції є перспективним сегментом агропродовольчого ринку розвинутих країн світу. Нині значно зріс інтерес споживачів до якісної екологічно безпечної продукції. Органічне агровиробництво, як перспективна для більшості країн світу галузь, дозволяє реалізувати концепцію сталого розвитку агросфери за рахунок соціально-економічної й природно-ресурсної збалансованості. Список використаних джерел: 1. Артиш В. І. Виробництво та реалізація органічної продукції в світі. Економіка АПК. 2017. No 3. С. 82-86. 2. Розвиток органічного ринку – Україна та світ. Інформаційний бюлетень. Березень 2018 р. URL: www.organicworld. net/yearbook/yearbook-2018.html 3. IFOAM Basic Standarts (approved by the IFOA General Assembly, Victoria, Canada, and august 2002). URL: http://www.ifoam. org 4. FiBL & IFOAM – Organics International (2016); The World of Organic Agriculture 2016. Frick and Boon. 5. FiBL & IFOAM. Organics International (2017). Frick and Bonn, 2017. URL: https://shop.fibl. org/chen/mwdownloads/download/link /id 6. http://organicukraine.org. ua/congress/ 7. https://superagronom.com/news/3482-predstavleno-kartu-organichnih-zemel-ukrayini
Effect of prolonged waterlogging on growth and mineral content of different forest tree species

An experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research Station of SabaheiaAlexandria to investigate the ability of Albizia lebbeck, Melia azedarach, Morus nigra, Pongamia pinnata, Salix mucronata and Taxodium disticum, seedlings to prolonged waterlogging conditions for 32 months. Growth characteristics, biomasses and mineral contents were measured periodically at 8, 16, 24 and 32 months for both the waterlogging and drain phases. The species were found to vary considerably in their ability to tolerate permanent waterlogging. Complete mortality was recorded for Albizia through the first 8 months of waterlogging whereas, Melia and Morus seedlings, that stressed under prolonged waterlogging, were died between the 9 th and 16 th months. Generally, waterlogging suppressed root and shoot growth in all experimental species except, stem and roots biomasses of Salix and Taxodium and leaves biomasses of Taxodium that increased under waterlogged conditions. Foliar N, P, K and Mg concentrations of Pongamia, Salix and Taxodium were decreased in waterlogging than drain treatment. Concentration of foliar Mn at the end of study was increased for Salix and Taxodium seedlings but, it decreased for Pongamia as a results of waterlogging. Na and Cl concentrations of waterlogged seedlings of Pongamia, Salix and Taxodium were increased higher than the concentrations in drained seedling.
STUDY OF URINARY ISOLATES WITH REFERENCE TO EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASES DETECTION AND ANTIBIOGRAM

BACKGROUND: Extended spectrum beta lactamases continue to be major problem in clinical setups world over, conferring resistance to extended spectrum cephalosporins and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infectious diseases encountered in the clinical practice. Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) production in gram negative bacteria, have emerged as a major problem in hospitalized as well as community based patients. ESBLs producing bacteria may not be detected by routine disc diffusion susceptibility test, leading to inappropriate use of antibiotics and treatment failure. The objective of this study was to determine the resistance patterns of the micro-organisms isolated from cases of UTI and to detect ESBLs production in gram negative bacteria. METHODS: Urinary isolates from symptomatic UTI cases (both in patients and out patients) attending the, Kesarsal Medical College and Hospital Ahmadabad were identified by conventional methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method gram negative isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporins were tested for ESBL production by two methods. RESULTS: Number of urinary isolates from patients with symptomatic UTI was 350 over a study period of one year. E.coli was the predominant isolate (57.7%) both in IPD and OPD patients. A total of 171 gram negative isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporins were tested for ESBL production by two methods- Modified Double Disc Synergy Test (CLSI) Phenotypic Confirmatory Test (PCT). ESBL production was seen in 36 (21.05%) isolates. Maximum ESBL production was seen in K. pneumoniae (22.41%) isolates followed by E.coli (13.26%). CONCLUSION: This study showed E.coli to be the predominant urinary pathogen isolated from UTI cases. Overall incidence of ESBL producing microorganisms was 21.05%.
Factors determining low Mediterranean ecosystems resilience to fire: the case of Pinus halepensis forests

Factors acting as drivers of low resilience to fire in Pinus halepensis ecosystems are being examined. The commonest factor seems to be fire interval. From the several time windows examined, that of, the shortest one ever reported in this type of communities (3 years only) seemed to be the most crucial. From the plant species previously existing on the site woody and herbaceous obligate seeders are mainly affected by this factor. Other factors, affecting mainly pine regeneration, are the abundance of Quercus coccifera individuals in the regenerating community and the high percentage of limestone outcrops. As an example of a landscape approach to the problem of evaluating resilience to fire, the case of Sounion Peninsula National Park is presented.
Broiler Performance in Response to

Feed has a major economic impact on broiler production, as it contributes 60-70% of total production cost (Coon, 2002). Broiler production may become a more profitable enterprise by obtaining efficient growth and improved feed conversation ratio (FCR). Efficiency of feed utilization may be improved by the application of different feed additives e.g. antibiotics, antioxidants, anticoccidials, pellet binders, herbal preparations, enzymes (e.g. phytase) and probiotics to broiler rations. Phosphorus (P) is an essential mineral for growth and skeletal development in chickens and if deficient results in deleterious effects such as skeletal deformities and impaired metabolic processes and ultimately poor nutrient utilization and decreased performance (Scott et al. 1982). As P plays an important role in the metabolism of primary nutrients, so its deficiency results in poor health and performance of Phosphorus (P) is a macro mineral in broiler nutrition. In growing broilers, besides its requirement for proper bone development, it is also involved in almost all metabolic processes. Poor P availability results in decreased productivity and poor health status. Phosphorus availability from plant derived feeds is affected by an anti-nutritional factor “phytate”, which forms a variety of insoluble salts with most of the minerals including P, calcium (Ca), magnesium, zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) due to its reactive anion capability. So, phytate is responsible for considerable nutrient losses as vegetable sources form a major portion in broiler diet formulations. Phytate has also been reported to form complexes with protein and proteolytic enzymes (pepsin and trypsin). Mono-gastric animals lack endogenous phytase (an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing phytate bound P, Ca, protein and other nutrients), so phytate decreases the nutrient availability at the intestinal level in poultry. Application of phytase in poultry rations may liberate cations and other nutrients bound by phytate-P complexes resulting in improved production parameters and body structure characteristics in broilers. However, efficacy of supplemental phytase rests on its rate of application, Ca: P in ration, composition of diet, genotype and age of birds. Phytase could ensure the economical poultry production by the exploitation of inherent nutritional potential of feedstuffs. Some studies, however, showed that phytase does not degrade dietary phytate efficiently and thus the negative influence of phytate on protein digestibility is not completely removed by phytase supplementation. More focused research on currently available phytase feed enzymes and their potentialimproved action by the simultaneous use of other exogenous enzymes, which complement their activity is recommended.
Low vitamin B12 diet increases liver homocysteine levels and leads to liver steatosis in rats

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most widespread chronic liver diseases, caused by the development of insulin resistance. One of the mechanisms involved is a disturbance in insulin signaling by certain toxic substances that interact with one of the proteins responsible for the insulin signaling pathway. Increased homocysteine level, upon disruption of the methionine pathway, is associated with insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hyperhomocysteinemia and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR level) induced by dietary vitamin B12 restriction on liver steatosis. Methods A study of laboratory experimental design was conducted involving 18 male Sprague Dawley rats (age 36-40 weeks, BW 300-350 g), that were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, 8-week treatment, and 16-week treatment. Standard AIN-93 diet was administered to the control group, whereas rats in the treatment groups were fed vitamin B12 deficiency-AIN-93M. At the end of treatment, liver homocysteine levels were determined by ELISA, HOMA-IR values were calculated, and steatosis degree of the liver was determined histologically. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test. Results A significant increase in liver homocysteine levels was found between the control and both the 8- and 16-week treatment groups (p<0.001). HOMA-IR levels were significantly higher in both treatment groups compared to controls (p<0.001). The area of liver steatosis in both treatment groups was significantly larger than that of the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion Increased homocysteine levels due to dietary vitamin B12 deficiency induces liver steatosis due to insulin resistance in rats.
A Comprehensive Review on Status of Solar PV Growth in Uganda

Uganda is faced with a challenge of huge energy deficit just like many other developing countries in Africa. Currently, only 26.7% of the total population has access to electricity. Energy being the life – blood of any growing economy, subsequent endeavors and strategies need to be put in place in order to expand the use of renewable energies for socio-economic development and environmental sustainability. Uganda being endowed with plenty of solar energy resource, its role in achieving national ambitions of Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) cannot be underestimated. This paper therefore reviews the growth of Solar Photovoltaics (PV) in Uganda that was birthed in the 1980’s and continues to mature steadily today contributing 4.24%(50MW) to the national grid with several un documented off – grid systems. This progress has been realized under different market segments inclusive of the pico and macro solar home systems, Institutional PV, mini-grids, telecommunications and street lighting. Notwithstanding the prevalent challenges, there are numerous existing opportunities for solar PV development consisting of the financial, environmental, Institutional and the socio-economic factors. With more government and different stakeholder engagement however, this growth in the country could be accelerated further as the costs of the technology continue to plummet. Review Article Mugagga and Chamdimba; JENRR, 3(4): 1-14, 2019; Article no.JENRR. 53111 2
The Effects of Using the Persian Weaning Tool on Mechanical Ventilation Outcomes Among Patients with Head Trauma: A Clinical Trial

Background: Patients with head trauma need mechanical ventilation in order to protect airway and prevent complications. However, due to the lack of well-developed weaning protocols, weaning failure rate among them is high and hence, they may need mechanical ventilation and stay in hospital for long time, resulting in heavy costs on healthcare systems and high risk of death.Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of using the Persian weaning tool on patient outcomes among patients with head trauma under mechanical ventilation.Methods: This clinical trial was conducted in 2018 on sixty patients with head trauma who were receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit of Shahid Rajaei Hospital, Qazvin, Iran. Participantswere randomly allocated to an intervention and a control group. Weaning from mechanical ventilation in these groups was performed using the Persian Weaning Tool and routine physiciandirected method, respectively. Groups were compared with each other concerning weaning outcomes through the Mann-Whitney U and the chi-square tests conducted using the SPSS software (version 23.0). Results: Weaning success rate in the intervention group was significantly greater than the control group (83.3% vs. 56.6%; P = 0.024) and the length of hospital stay in the intervention group was significantly shorter than the control group (19.9 vs. 28.9 days; P = 0.05). However, there were no significant between-group differences concerning extubation success rate (80.0% vs. 63.3%; P = 0.252) and mechanical ventilation duration (7.5 vs. 8.7 days; P = 0.3). Conclusions: The use of the Persian Weaning tool is effective in increasing weaning success rate and shortening hospital stay but has no significant effects on extubation success rate and mechanical ventilation duration. Specific weaning assessment tools and protocols need to be developed for patients with neurologic conditions.
The Focal Adhesion-Associated Signaling Adaptor Paxillin is Required for Breast Cancer Metastasis by Regulating Directed Cell Migration

Directed cell migration requires the coordination of cell-matrix adhesion and cell-cell signaling and is fundamental during tumor metastasis formation. Here, we show that the focal adhesion adaptor protein paxillin has a crucial role in the regulation of breast cancer cell metastasis. Cells depleted of paxillin by shRNA-interference displayed a scattered and less polarized phenotype resulting in reduced persistence and velocity during 2D cell migration. Furthermore, knockdown cells failed to invade collectively a 3D collagen environment compared to control cells. Paxillin depletion almost completely inhibited the efficient colonization of the lungs in a breast cancer 4T1 orthotopic mouse tumor metastasis model. Genome-wide expression profiling indicated that Rac levels were significantly reduced while Cdc42 levels were increased in cells devoid of paxillin, which was confirmed by Western blotting. Although RhoA levels were unaffected, a reduction in contractile force through reduced RhoA/ROCK signaling-dependent non-muscle myosin II activity was observed. We suggest that paxillin expression determines the levels of Rho GTPases expression and activity and thereby contributes to the mode of cell motility and metastasis formation.
PENGARUH TEKANAN KETAATAN, PENGETAHUAN DAN PENGALAMAN AUDITOR TERHADAP AUDIT JUDGMENT DENGAN KOMPLEKSITAS TUGAS SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING (Studi Empiris pada KAP Pekanbaru, Padang dan Medan)

This study was aimed to examine the effect of obedience pressure, knowledge and experience of the auditor to audit judgment which is moderating by task complexity on the auditors who work in KAP Pekanbaru, Padang and Medan. This study used primary data by distributing questionnaires of 120 exemplar to the auditor who works at KAP Pekanbaru, Padang and Medan. Of these, questionnaires received back is 73 exemplar (60.8%). The questionnaire is not returned as much as 47 exemplar (39.2%) due to the existing questionnaires returned by respondents, so that questionnaires returned and can be processed is 73 exemplar 60.8%). Data collected were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and regression analysis with moderating variables. The results provide evidence that stress obedience, knowledge and experience of the auditor's effect on audit judgment at a significance level (α) of 5%. On the other hand, the complexity of the task to strengthen the influence of knowledge on audit judgment at a significance level (α) of 5%. However, the task complexity actually weaken the influence of pressure observance of audit judgment and weaken the effect of the experience of the auditors on audit judgment at a significance level (α) of 5%. Keywords: Obedience pressure, Knowledge, Experience Auditor, Audit Judgment and Task Complexity.