Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abrupt cold spells in the northwest Mediterranean

Hitherto unknown abundance peaks of left coiling (l.c.) Neogloboquadrina pachyderma from a Gulf of Lions piston core indicate that abrupt cold spells associated with Atlantic Heinrich events affected the Mediterranean. N. pachyderma (l.c.) is typical of (sub) polar waters in the open ocean. The southern edge of its glacial North Atlantic bioprovince reached south Portugal. Only trace abundances of N. pachyderma (l.c.) are known from Quaternary Mediterranean sediments, suggesting that no significant “invasions” occured via the Strait of Gibraltar. The Gulf of Lions abundance peaks therefore seem to reflect area-specific thriving of a normally rare but indigenous taxon in the western Mediterranean through local favorable habitat development. The general planktonic foraminiferal record suggests that the basic hydrographic regime in the Gulf of Lions, with wintertime deep convective overturn, was relatively stable over the past 60 kyr. Under these conditions, high abundances of N. pachyderma (l.c.) would essentially imply temperature reductions of the order of 5°–8° relative to the present.
The metamorphic rocks of the southern part of the Mainland of Shetland

The paper presents a one mile to the inch geological map of the southern part of the Mainland of Shetland (excluding areas underlain by Old Red rocks) and an account of the metamorphic rocks occurring there. The metasediments mostly belong to the East Mainland Succession which is about 14 km thick. They dip vertically and strike north-south. The metasediments in the west were originally laminated sandstones devoid of current bedding and grading and composed of poorly weathered material. They include several limestones up to half a kilometer thick. In the east the metasediments were originally gritty quartzites and sandstones together with shales which are usually finer grained and composed of more weathered material than those to the west. On two occasions the deposition of these rocks was interrupted by outpourings of spilites. The rocks show signs of four metamorphisms. The first metamorphism was accompanied by a penetrative deformation causing elongation of the rocks in a north-south direction, shortening in an east-west direction and elongation and shortening in different areas in a vertical direction. As a result of this metamorphism the pelitic rocks over the whole area became schists containing such minerals as biotite, chlorite, muscovite, quartz and feldspar, and possibly garnet. In a later metamorphism a belt of these rocks a kilometer or so wide became gneissified, probably due to the passage of high temperature fluids. In various parts of the area such minerals as biotite, chlorite, garnet, staurolite, chloritoid, and kyanite grew as porphyroblasts in a series of episodes referred to collectively as the porphyroblast metamorphism. After these metamorphisms the area was intruded, 400 m.y. ago, by a number of granites. In places these have produced extensive thermal aureoles containing such minerals as staurolite, chloritoid, andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite, garnet, muscovite, biotite and chlorite in pelitic rocks. The emplacement of one of the granites was accompanied by large and small scale folding. Several major faults are described including the Nesting tear fault with a 16 km dextral displacement and a melange zone beneath a nappe.
Paleomagnetic directional dispersion produced by plastic deformation in a thick miocene welded tuff, southern Nevada: Implications for welding temperatures

Two voluminous rhyolitic to quartz-latitic ash flow sheets, the Tiva Canyon and Topopah Spring members of the Paintbrush Tuff, were erupted from the Miocene Claim Canyon cauldron in southern Nevada. Although lithologically similar, these units differ greatly in their recording of the ancient geomagnetic field. The reversely magnetized Tiva Canyon Member yields remanent directions that are well grouped both within and between sites. The normally magnetized Topopah Spring Member, however, yields remanent directions that vary both laterally and vertically. Remanent directions from a 100-m-thick section of nonwelded to partially welded Topopah Spring are well grouped (precision parameter, k > 200) and give a mean direction (D = 293°, I = 69°) that is probably a good approximation of the geomagnetic field at the time of emplacement and cooling. In three 300-m-thick sections of more densely welded tuff, inclinations from the upper parts of the Topopah Spring are steep (70°), but flatten with depth to about 20°, and then steepen abruptly near the base of the unit. In general, the directional dispersion increases with the thickness of the section (k ∼ 30 for sections that are about 300 m thick). Much of the directional variation in the Topopah Spring can be attributed to an inclination error produced by subblocking temperature rotation of the magnetic carriers during welding. The possibility of subblocking temperature deformation in an ash flow sheet is enhanced by (1) high-blocking temperature spectra of the primary magnetic phases, (2) relatively low emplacement temperatures, and (3) great stratigraphic thickness. Thermal demagnetization results from the Topopah Spring Member indicate that welding may have continued to temperatures as low as 475°C in the basal vitrophyre of the ash flow sheet. Remanent directions from the Tiva Canyon Member were unaffected by the welding process because this unit possesses significantly lower blocking temperatures and does not attain the great thicknesses of the Topopah Spring.
Effect of Inert Species on the Static and Dynamic Stability of a Piloted, Swirl-Stabilized Flame

Carbon sequestration and utilization has been proposed as a method for decarbonizing high-efficiency industrial gas turbines operating on natural gas fuels for power-generation and industrial markets. To increase the efficiency of the carbon removal process from the exhaust stream of the turbine, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) can be used. EGR recycles a portion of the engine exhaust into the inlet, increasing the concentration of inert species in the exhaust stream to improve the performance and cost effectiveness of CO2 separation systems. This strategy can, however, reduce the oxygen concentration in the air, leading to changes in flame stabilization in the combustor. In this study, we investigate the effect of air diluted with inert gases of different compositions and the impact that these mixtures have on flame static and dynamic stability. A swirl-stabilized flame in a single-nozzle, variable-length combustor is used to measure the flame behavior for oxygen concentrations of 15% to 21% by volume. A constant adiabatic flame temperature test matrix is conducted to mimic operation in an industrial gas turbine. High-speed chemiluminescence imaging is used to determine the change in flame shape and dynamics for each gas composition. As the oxygen concentration decreases, the flame lifts from the centerbody, resulting in an aerodynamically-stabilized flame at the lowest O2 concentrations. Different compositions of gases result in different flame shapes, where higher levels of N2 in the diluents result in more flame stabilization in the outer recirculation zone as compared to those with higher levels of CO2. The flame oscillation mechanisms also change with oxygen concentration, where the lifted flames at low O2 levels exhibit an ignition/extinction oscillation mode as compared to a vortex-shedding-coupled oscillation mode at high O2 levels where the flame is stabilized on the centerbody. Companion chemical kinetics simulations are used to explain changes in the flame’s shape and behavior.
Validation of satellite rainfall products over East Africa's complex topography

An extensive evaluation of 10 different satellite rainfall products was performed using station network over a complex topography, where elevation varies from below sea level to 4620 m. Evaluation was for two groups of products. The first group had low spatial (2.5°) and temporal (monthly) resolution and included the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Prediction Center (NOAA‐CPC) merged analysis (CMAP), and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM‐3B43). The second group comprised products with relatively high spatial (0.1° to 1°) and temporal (3‐hourly to 10‐daily) resolution. These included the NOAA‐CPC African rainfall estimation algorithm, GPCP one‐degree‐daily (1DD), TRMM‐3B42, Tropical Applications of Meteorology using SATellite and other data (TAMSAT) estimates, and the CPC morphing technique (CMORPH). These products were aggregated to a 10‐day total and remapped to spatial resolutions of 1°, 0.5° and 0.25°. TRMM‐3B43 and CMAP from the first group and CMORPH, TAMSAT and TRMM‐3B42 from the second group performed reasonably well.
The Indo‐Pacific throughflow in the Timor Passage

Two current meter moorings were deployed from the R/V Marion Dufresne in March 1992 between Roti Island and the Ashmore Reef and were recovered in April 1993 onboard the R/V Baruna Jaya 1. The mean transport was estimated between 3.4 and 5.3 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3/s) for the Pacific water flowing toward the Indian Ocean through the Timor Passage. The upper part of the transport, from the surface to 500 m, shows a weak maximum during the southwest monsoon. An unexpected deep flow toward the Indian Ocean between 500 and 1550 m brings an important contribution to the total transport, which is minimum during August–September. As already noted in previous experiments, there is significant variability in the form of a succession of events within the 20- to 60-day range.
Psychological Distress Mediates the Relationship Between Social Support and Satisfaction with Life

University students are susceptible to psychological issues due to various academic and social stressors. Low life satisfaction among university students can bring about various negative outcomes that can impact their overall well-being and academic success. This study aims at examining the mediating role of psychological distress in the association between social support and life satisfaction. This cross-sectional study included 368 (F= 243, 66%; M= 125, 34%) university students from a public university in Yozgat, Turkey. The data were collected using the Brief Symptom Inventory, Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The findings demonstrated that social support positively predicted life satisfaction and negatively predicted psychological distress. In addition, psychological distress negatively predicted life satisfaction. Moreover, the SEM analysis indicated that psychological distress played a partial mediating role in the association between social support and life satisfaction. These results highlight the importance of addressing social support and psychological distress in interventions aimed at increasing life satisfaction.
Shoulder and Neck Pain in Swimmers: Front Crawl Stroke Analysis, Correlation with the Symptomatology in 61 Masters Athletes and Short Literature Review

Background: Swimming and, specifically, front crawl, can be included among the “overhead” sports. Overhead sports are a risk factor for some problems of the musculoskeletal system, especially the shoulder. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of shoulder and neck pain in a Masters Swimming Team and its correlation with the crawl stroke. Methods: This is an observational study through video-analysis of the stroke and a questionnaire. The participants selected for the present study were 61 athletes of a Masters team, whose prevailing training stroke was the front crawl. Their stroke was analyzed during training using a go-pro camera mounted on a sliding trolley on a track, evaluating their technical defects with their trainer. A questionnaire about frequency of shoulder and neck pain during the last five years was administered to all the participants at the study. Results: From the questionnaire, 45 and 55 out of 61 athletes had suffered from shoulder pain and cervical pain, respectively. Both types of pain were correlated with the weekly swimming volume. The swimmers with hyperflexion of the wrist and prolonged internal rotation in the pulling phase had shoulder problems. Those who suffered from current shoulder pain reduced the underwater time. The four swimmers with an excessive body roll during breathing and those who kept their heads extended, reported cervical pain. Conclusions: Shoulder and neck pain could be prevented with the correction of specific technical errors in crawl stroke.
A Hydraulic, Environmental and Ecological Assessment of a Sub-tropical Stream in eastern Australia: Eprapah Creek, Victoria Point QLD on 4 April 2003

Eprapah Creek is a small sub-tropical stream in Eastern Australia. Located in the Redlands shire close to Brisbane QLD, the stream flows from Mount Cotton to Thornlands, where it enters Moreton Bay. The catchment is mostly urban in the lower reaches and semi rural/rural residential in the upper reaches. The creek also flows through several conservation areas hosting endangered species. The stream is basically 15 km long with about 3.8 km of estuarine zone. The Victoria Point sewage treatment plant discharges into the estuarine reach approximately 2.6 km from its mouth. On Friday 4th April 2003, a series of detailed hydraulic, environmental and ecological measurements were conducted in Eprapah Creek (Victoria Point QLD). The purpose of the field works was to assess the complexity of a small estuarine system, the interactions between hydraulic engineering, biology and ecology, and also an overall assessment of the estuarine system that was heavily polluted four to five years ago (1).
Simultaneous field measurements of biogenic emissions of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide

Seasonal and diurnal emissions of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from agricultural sites in Virginia and Colorado were simultaneously determined as a function of soil temperature, percent moisture, and exchangeable nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium concentrations. Nitric oxide fluxes at the Virginia site were significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with nitrate concentration, temperature, and percent moisture. At the Colorado site, NO fluxes were both positively and significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with temperature and moisture. Nitrous oxide emissions were only observed when percent moisture approached or exceeded field capacity of the soil. Nitric oxide emissions at the Virginia site were observed throughout the entire year with 76% of the annual flux produced between May and October and 24% between November and April. Wintertime fluxes of NO have not previously been reported in the literature. Annual NO emissions at the Virginia site ranged from 0.53 kg(N) ha−1 yr−1 from unfertilized land to 2.08 kg(N) ha−1 yr−1 from fertilized land. Of the 196.4 kg ha−1 of fertilizer added to the soil site being studied, 0.79% was lost as NO(N), and 1.2% was lost as N2O(N). A series of diurnal studies demonstrated that variations in NO flux throughout the day were correlated with changes in soil temperature. Nitric oxide was emitted over a broad range of soil moisture conditions, provided that percent moisture did not exceed field capacity of the soil. When field capacity was exceeded, NO fluxes declined whereas N2O emissions increased. Rewetting of dry soils at the Colorado site resulted in dramatic increases in emissions of both NO and N2O. Our data suggest that NO is produced primarily by nitrification in aerobic soils whereas N2O is formed by denitrification in an aerobic soils.
A Prospective Study of Lipids in Adult Women With Turner Syndrome

Abstract Context Turner syndrome (TS) is a rare genetic syndrome with an increased mortality, mainly attributed to cardiovascular disease. Objective This work aimed to investigate and correlate the lipid profile in adult women with TS to clinical characteristics. Methods A 12-year prospective cohort study, including 4 study visits, was conducted at a specialist hospital. A total of 102 women with TS qualified for inclusion. Excluding missing variables and participants lost to follow-up, 86 women (mean age 38.1 years; range, 18.4-62.1 years) were included in this study. Fifty-three women completed the study. Repeated-measurement analysis was performed, using total cholesterol (Total-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TGs), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as outcome variables and age, karyotype, body mass index (BMI), treatment with statins, antidiabetics, and hormone replacement therapy as explanatory variables. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) analysis were performed at the first study visit. Results Hyperlipidemia was present in 30% of the TS cohort. Total-C increased with age (0.12 mmol/L/y; P = .016). LDL (P = .08), TGs (P = .14), and HDL (P = .24) were not associated with age. BMI significantly increased total-C (0.19 mmol/L/kg/m2; P = .006), LDL (0.63 mmol/L/kg/m2; P < .001), and TGs (0.80 mmol/L/kg/m2; P < .001) and decreased HDL (−0.59 mmol/L/kg/m2; P < .001). PCA and PLS analysis found correlations between weight and BMI and total-C, LDL, and TGs. Conclusion Hyperlipidemia is more prevalent in adult women with TS across adulthood compared to the background population. Total-C, LDL, TGs, and HDL were significantly associated with BMI characterizing the atherogenic profile in adult women with TS.
Liligo Glacier, Karakoram, Pakistan: a reconstruction of the recent history of a surge-type glacier

Abstract Liligo Glacier is a small glacier located in a transverse valley, which flows on the south side of Baltoro Glacier, Karakoram, Pakistan. Terminus variations of Liligo Glacier since 1892 were reconstructed using various methods and sources (historical documents, cartography, photographs, satellite images and field surveys). The glacier is characterized by two phases of strong advance (beginning and end of the 20th century), separated by at least half a century of retreat. The advance rates, together with some ice-surface features such as the heavily crevassed surface and terminus morphology, are considered to be indicative of a surge-type glacier.
Revisión del Género retrotapes del río (Bivalvia: Veneridae) en el Eoceno de la Antártida

Abstract REVISION OF GENUS RETROTAPES DEL RÍO (BIVALVIA: VENERIDAE) IN THE EOCENE OF ANTARCTICA. The validity of the genus Retrotapes del Río is discussed and Retrotapes newtoni (Wilckens), R. antarcticus (Sharman and Newton) and R. robustus (Stilwell and Zinsmeister), from the Eocene strata of the Antarctic Peninsula (La Meseta Formation), are described and illustrated. The stratigraphic range of R. robustus is extended from the Acantilados allomember to the Cucullaea I allomember. The morphogeometric analysis performed, allows the recognition of ontogenetic variations of R. antarcticus and R. robustus, as well as to shed light on their taxonomic status. The present is the oldest record of Retrotapes, a taxon that would have originated in the Antarctic region, from where it would have dispersed northwards to lower latitudes during Miocene times when it was widely represented in the Patagonian seas.
Underwater light characterisation for correction of remotely sensed images

Objective measurement of habitat change using remote sensing requires processing of the images to enhance the bottom reflectance signal. This process typically uses correction techniques to remove the influence of the water column on bottom reflectance, and to enable the accurate correction of the imagery for varying bathymetry. Such correction measures depend on reliable estimates of water column light attenuation. An investigation into the spatial variation in attenuation in a typical tropical region was undertaken. Measurements of gross spatial variations in downwelling attenuation around San Andres and Old Providence islands in the western Caribbean were made using a PAR sensor. Measurements of specific attenuation were also made for blue, green and red light using filters fitted to the sensor. High spectral resolution attenuation measurements were also made using a spectroradiometer. Results showed a four-fold variation in light attenuation in shallow littoral regions alone. Spectral attenuation measurements suggested that this variation was largely the result of scattering by particulate matter rather than varying concentrations of dissolved yellow substances. These findings suggest that the results of studies where single measurements of 'average' attenuation have been used to depth-correct remotely sensed imagery should be interpreted with a high degree of caution. The paper goes on to show that simple models can be empirically obtained where attenuation can be spatially predicted with confidence, based on the variables of water depth, distance to and size of mangrove beds, and distance to and size of towns. The models obtained showed high statistical significance, with 89% and 78% of the spatial variation in attenuation explained for San Andres and Old Providence, respectively. It is postulated that the use of such approaches for the estimation of attenuation will lead to more accurate depth correction and hence improved interpretation of remotely sensed imagery for littoral regions.
Temporal Stability of Soil Moisture in a Large‐Field Experiment in Spain

Here we analyze the temporal stability of the soil moisture content in an area of 1285 km 2 located in the central sector of the Duero basin (Spain). The data from a network consisting of 23 soil moisture-measuring stations (REMEDHUS) over a period of 36 mo (from June 1999 to May 2002) were used. At each station, soil moisture was measured fortnightly, using time domain reflectometry (TDR), at different depths to the bottom of the profile. From the hydrological point of view, the stations are independent from one another and were distributed in space using physiographic and pedological criteria. The results clearly show which stations are representative of wet and dry conditions and the persistence of the representative stations under even the most extreme situations. The temporal evolution of the stability patterns points to a considerable degree of persistence during the periods analyzed. The stations representative of dry conditions are seen to be much more stable at all the depths analyzed (5, 25, 50, and 100 cm) than those identified within the wet sector. Overall, the soil moisture content showed considerable temporal stability throughout of the investigation. However, a clear correlation was observed between mean soil moisture and variance (r = 0.85) across the range of measurements used. Accordingly, temporal stability is always higher when the soils are dry than when the water content is high. It was also observed that the periods with the lowest temporal stability coincided with situations involving the transition from dry to wet. The critical periods in terms of temporal stability are those in which the recharge of water in the profile occurs.
The composition of Western Atlantic precipitation using shipboard collectors

Techniques have been developed for the collection of rain on board ships. Chemical and meteorological analysis of rain events shows that rain can be collected for major ions on board ships in a contamination-free manner by using collectors on the windward side of the ship. The results also support the conclusion of dickells et al. (1982) that rain associated with North American air masses has elevated levels of SO4 =*, NO3-, and H +, while rain associated with eastern Atlantic air masses has background values.