Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Flow in the Chateauguay River Aquifers

The Chateauguay River watershed extends over northeastern New York State (USA) and southwestern Quebec (Canada). Fractured sedimentary rocks of the St. Lawrence Platform host the regional aquifers. Quaternary sediments of variable thickness of up to 45 m overlie the bedrock. The geometric mean hydraulic conductivity of the bedrock aquifers obtained from 548 field measurements is 5.1 × 10–5 m/s with a standard deviation of 0.7 of the logarithms. The modelled area extends from the foothills of the Adirondacks to the St. Lawrence River and covers 2,850 km2. The numerical groundwater flow model was developed using the finite element simulator FEFLOW. The model has 13 layers with layer thicknesses ranging from 5 m for the top layer to 75 m for the bottom layer. The average thickness of the numerical model is 655 m, for a total volume of 1,868 km3. The St. Lawrence River is considered as a specified head boundary; the base and other lateral limits are considered as no-flow boundaries, whereas a head and conductivity-dependent boundary is specified along major streams and wetlands. Spatial recharge rate is applied as a specified flux across the top of the model and was fixed during calibration to reduce model uncertainty. Groundwater withdrawal of 34 Mm3/yr is assigned using sinks for major wells and as a uniform negative flux across the top of the model to account for domestic and other diffuse uses. Calibration was carried out against 153 hydraulic head measurements, with horizontal hydraulic conductivity and vertical anisotropy used as calibration parameters. The regional groundwater flow amounts to 268 Mm3/yr: 12.7% is withdrawn for domestic purposes; aquifer contribution to streams and wetlands is 176 Mm3/yr, and 55 Mm3/yr is discharged to the St. Lawrence River. Groundwater flow appears to be controlled by the sub-horizontal bedding planes contributing to relatively high vertical anisotropy.
Constant rate of strain consolidation with radial drainage

This paper describes a method of determining the consolidation characteristics of soft Bangkok clay under the radial drainage condition by using a newly developed constant rate of strain (CRS) consolidometer. A new formulation for this type of test was proposed. A series of constant rate-of-strain consolidation tests were compared to the results of oedometer tests. The pore water pressure distribution across the specimen in the CRS tests was estimated from measurements made at two locations. The results agreed well with the theoretical solution. A simple method of estimating the preconsolidation pressure by means of the pore water pressure ratio is also proposed. Because the tests conducted at different strain rates indicate that apparent preconsolidation pressure increases with strain rate, it is believed that secondary compression occurred during primary consolidation for this clay. The consolidation characteristics, including coefficient of consolidation and coefficient of permeability, in the vertical and horizontal directions were also compared.
Forelimb motion and orientation in the ornithischian dinosaurs Styracosaurus and Thescelosaurus, and its implications for locomotion and other behavior

The range of motion (ROM) in the forelimb has previously been studied in many saurischian dinosaur species but only a few ornithischian dinosaur species. Here, we fill in some of the blanks in current knowledge of ornithischian forelimb function by investigating the range of shoulder motion and the orientation of the humerus, radius, and ulna in the centrosaurine ceratopsid Styracosaurus albertensis and the basal orni-thopod Thescelosaurus sp. Manual manipulation of forelimb bones, using the margins of bony articular surfaces to delimit the range of motion, shows that humeral ROM and forearm orientation in S. albertensis resemble those previously found in chasmosau-rine ceratopsians. Locomotion occurred with the elbows tucked in at the sides and with the radius anterior to the ulna, without pronation. The animal was also capable of splaying its forelimbs with the elbows strongly everted, so that elbow flexion and extension produced side-to-side or up-and-down movements of the torso and head. Thesce-losaurus sp. had limited humeral ROM and could not swing its humerus forward through the parasagittal plane as far as a vertical orientation. While being swung upward through the transverse plane, the humerus could not move as high as a horizontal position. Skeletal proportions and spinal curvature indicate that the forelimbs of Thescelosaurus could contact the ground while the animal stood. However, the animal is unlikely to have used quadrupedal locomotion, because its palms faced medially, and its fingers would have flexed through the transverse plane and therefore would not have provided forward propulsion
Improving Employee Performance Through Spiritual Leadership and Work Motivation with Job Satisfaction as Moderation

Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of spiritual leadership and work motivation on the performance of Bank BRI employees in Indonesia with job satisfaction as a moderating variable. Methods: This study uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory research design. Data collection technique is done by survey. The study population consisted of 300 BRI Bank employees spread across Indonesia. The population is infinite, so the sample size is determined based on the analytical technique. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, with the criteria of selecting respondents who were real Bank BRI employees who had worked for more than 3 months. And the analysis technique uses Smart PLS software. Results: Research result shows that spiritual leadership is the most important factor that significantly influences employee performance with a t-statistic value of 3.023 and a p-value of 0.000. This is followed by work motivation and job satisfaction which are able to moderate spiritual leadership. However, job satisfaction as a moderator was found to be unable to moderate work motivation on employee performance in this study. Implications: Based on the results of this study, leaders in their leadership regularly develop and disseminate spiritual values ​​within the organization, especially altruistic traits that do not prioritize personal interests and show compassion for employees through attention, care, fairness, trustworthiness, respect and uphold honesty. In the end, employees feel valued and feel together as part of the workplace community, are encouraged and motivated to help each other, have faith in the meaning of work for their lives and think positively when solving problems.
Quantifying the impact of model errors on top‐down estimates of carbon monoxide emissions using satellite observations

[1] We conduct inverse analyses of atmospheric CO, using the GEOS-Chem model and observations from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere satellite instrument, to quantify the potential contribution of systematic model errors on top-down source estimates of CO. We assess how the specification of the source of CO from the oxidation of biogenic nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) in the inversion impacts the top-down estimates. Our results show that when the NMVOC source of CO is comparable to or larger than the combustion source, optimizing the CO from NMVOC emissions on larger spatial scales than the combustion emissions could result in significant overadjustment for the a posteriori CO emissions and could lead to negative sources of CO, such as we found for the top-down South American emissions in June. We quantify the impact of aggregation errors on the source estimates, associated with conducting the inversion at a lower resolution than the atmospheric model. We find that aggregating the emissions across spatial scales in which the a priori error in the emissions changes sign could introduce biases exceeding 20% in the flux estimates since the inversion cannot correct the a priori error by uniformly scaling the emissions across the region. We also use the GEOS-3 and GEOS-4 meteorological fields in GEOS-Chem to examine the impact of discrepancies in atmospheric transport and in the atmospheric OH distribution on the source estimates. We find that the differences in the OH distribution and transport fields associated with the GEOS-3 and GEOS-4 products introduce comparably large differences of as much as 20% in the source estimates. Our results indicate that mitigating systematic model error is critical for improving the accuracy of the inferred source estimates.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Comparison of Antimicrobial-Resistant Variants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium Isolated from Evolution Assays with Antibiotics or Commercial Products Based on Essential Oils

On account of the widespread development and propagation of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria, essential oils (EOs) have emerged as potential alternatives to antibiotics. However, as already observed for antibiotics, recent studies have raised concerns regarding the potential emergence of resistant variants (RVs) to EOs. In this study, we assessed the emergence of RVs in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium after evolution assays under extended exposure to subinhibitory doses of two commercial EOs (AEN and COLIFIT) as well as to two antibiotics (amoxicillin and colistin). Phenotypic characterization of RVs from evolution assays with commercial EOs yielded no relevant increases in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of E. coli and did not even modify MIC values in S. Typhimurium. Conversely, RVs of E. coli and S. Typhimurium isolated from evolution assays with antibiotics showed increased resistance. Genotypic analysis demonstrated that resistance to commercial EOs was associated with enhanced protection against oxidative stress and redirection of cell energy toward efflux activity, while resistance to antibiotics was primarily linked to modifications in the cell binding sites of antibiotics. These findings suggest that AEN and COLIFIT could serve as safe alternatives to antibiotics in combating the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance within the agrifood system.
Hydrogen in spessartine-almandine garnets as a tracer of granitic pegmatite evolution

Abstract The hydroxide contents of spessartine-almandine garnets from the Rutherford no. 2 (Virginia), Himalaya (California), and George Ashley Block (California) pegmatites were determined by infrared spectroscopy. The hydroxide content of garnet increases from the wall zone to the core zone of the Rutherford no. 2 and Himalaya pegmatites, consistent with increasing H2O activity during pegmatite crystallization. However, the absolute OH contents differ by about two orders of magnitude for these two suites of garnets, possibly due to the elevated Ca content of the Rutherford no. 2 and the differences in the depth of emplacement. The garnets from the George Ashley Block show significant excursions from this correlation at the positions within the pegmatite where Kleck and Foord (1999) identified disruptions in major- and minor-element trends that they associated with re-injections of magma and subsequent flushing of the dike system. Ease of measurement as well as a relative amplified sensitivity compared to the Mn and Fe trends, make hydrogen an excellent tracer for the evolution of granitic pegmatites.
Atmospheric Radiation Measurements Aerosol Intensive Operating Period: Comparison of Aerosol Scattering during Coordinated Flights

[1] In May 2003, a Twin Otter airplane, equipped with instruments for making in situ measurements of aerosol optical properties, was deployed during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurements (ARM) Program's Aerosol Intensive Operational Period in Oklahoma. Several of the Twin Otter flights were flown in formation with an instrumented light aircraft (Cessna 172XP) that makes routine in situ aerosol profile flights over the site. This paper presents comparisons of measured scattering coefficients at 467 nm, 530 nm, and 675 nm between identical commercial nephelometers aboard each aircraft. Overall, the agreement between the two nephelometers decreases with longer wavelength. During the majority of the flights, the Twin Otter flew with a diffuser inlet while the Cessna had a 1 μm impactor, allowing for an estimation of the fine mode fraction aloft. The fine mode fraction aloft was then compared to the results of a ground-based nephelometer. Comparisons are also provided in which both nephelometers operated with identical 1 μm impactors. These scattering coefficient comparisons are favorable at the longer wavelengths (i.e., 530 nm and 675 nm), yet differed by approximately 30% at 467 nm. Mie scattering calculations were performed using size distribution measurements, made during the level flight legs. Results are also presented from Cadenza, a new continuous wave cavity ring-down (CW-CRD) instrument, which compared favorably (i.e., agreed within 2%) with data from other instruments aboard the Twin Otter. With this paper, we highlight the significant implications of coarse mode (larger than 1 μm) aerosol aloft with respect to aerosol optical properties.
Clinical value of ankle flexion and extension exercises combined with a psychological intervention in knee osteoarthritis

BACKGROUND Considering the limited effectiveness of clinical interventions for knee osteoarthritis (KOA), it is necessary to continue to explore appropriate and effective treatment strategies to improve the condition of KOA patients. AIM To clarify the influence of ankle flexion and extension exercises combined with a psychological intervention on the psychological status and activities of daily living (ADLs) of patients with KOA. METHODS The research participants were 116 KOA patients admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between May 2019 and May 2022, including 54 patients receiving routine treatment, care and psychological intervention (control group) and 62 patients additionally treated with ankle flexion and extension exercises (research group). The two groups were comparatively analyzed in terms of psychological status (Self-rating Anxiety/Depression Scale, SDS/SAS), ADLs, knee joint function (Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale), pain (Visual Analog Scale, VAS), fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, MFI), and quality of life (QoL; Short-Form 36 Item Health Survey, SF-36). RESULTS After evaluation, it was found that the postinterventional SDS, SAS, VAS, and MFI scores in the research group were significantly reduced compared with the baseline (before the intervention) values and those of the control group, while the postinterventional Lysholm, ADL and SF-36 scores were markedly elevated. CONCLUSION Therefore, ankle flexion and extension exercises are highly effective in easing negative psychological status, enhancing ADLs, daily living ability, knee joint function and QoL, and relieving pain and fatigue in KOA patients, thus warranting clinical promotion.
Deep earth recycling in the Hadean and constraints on surface tectonics

The Hadean mantle was efficiently heated from high internal heat production, high rates of impact bombardment, and primordial heat from accretion. As a result a strong case is made for extremely high internal temperatures, low internal viscosities, and extremely vigorous mantle convection. Previous studies of mixing in such high-Rayleigh number convective environments indicate that chemically heterogeneous mantle anomalies should have efficiently remixed into the mantle on timescales of less than 100 Myr. However, 142Nd and 182W isotope studies indicate that heterogeneous mantle domains survived, without mixing, for over 2 Gyr—at odds with expected mixing rates. Similarly, concentrations of platinum group elements in Archean komatiites, purportedly due to the later veneer of meteoritic addition on the Earth, only achieve current levels at 2.7 Ga—indicating a time lag of almost 1 to 2 Gyr in mixing this material thoroughly into the mantle. Previous studies have sought to explain slow Archean mantle mixing via mantle layering due to endothermic phase changes, or anomalously viscous blobs of material, with limited efficacy. Here we pursue another explanation for inefficient mantle mixing in the Hadean: tectonic regime. A number of lines of evidence suggest that resurfacing in the Archean was episodic, and extending these models to Hadean times implies the Hadean was characterized by long periods of tectonic quiescence. We explore mixing times in 3D spherical-cap models of mantle convection, which incorporate vertically stratified and temperature-dependent viscosities. We show that mixing in stagnant-lid regimes is, at the extreme, over an order of magnitude less efficient than mobile-lid mixing, and for plausible Rayleigh numbers and internal heat production, the lag in Hadean convective recycling can be explained. The attractiveness of this model is that it not only explains the long-lived 142Nd and 182W anomalies, but also posits an explanation for the delay between accretion of the late veneer—between 4.5 to 3.8 Ga on a stagnant surface—and its fully mixed signature apparent in elevated PGEs in 2.7 Ga komatiites. It also provides an explanation for the 400 Myrs of immobility of the mafic protolith from which the Jack Hill zircons were sourced, and retards early heat loss from the mantle, providing a solution to the “Archean thermal catastrophe” of parameterized Earth evolution models.
Fish Resources And Physico-Chemical Parameters Of Lagoon In Ogun Waterside Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria

A study was conducted to determine distribution and abundance of fish over two years (dry and wet seasons) in lagoon systems of Ogun waterside Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. Fish sampling was carried out in four selected stations based on catch. Physical and chemical characteristics of the lagoon systems were also carried out. The study revealed that Bagridae represented by Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus contributed the highest number of fish in the two seasons. Fish species were evenly distributed in the wet seasons than dry seasons. Simpson index (D) computed for the 4 sites are 0.15, 0.11, 0.62 and 0.12 respectively for Makun-omi, Idaleketa, Iwopin and Ebute-Ilamo in the dry season and 0.37, 0.10, 0.42 and 0.10 for wet season. There are positive correlations between fish number and some physico-chemical parameters, phosphate (r= 0.74), Nitrate (r= 0.4*). There are variations among physico-chemical parameters of water samples. Information revealed by this study will be useful in fisheries resource management for the studied locations. Keywords : Fish resources, Lagoon, Season, Ogun waterside Journal of Environmental Extension Vol. 7 2008: pp. 56-62
Geo-referencing of continental-scale JERS-1 SAR mosaics based on matching homologous features with a digital elevation model: theory and practice

An effective method for a posteriori ortho-rectification of continental-scale synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mosaics using a digital elevation model (DEM) has been developed. The method is based on homologous feature matching between the DEM and a simulated SAR image. The simulated image is derived from the radar-viewing geometry, topographic information and contextual information provided by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), shorelines and water bodies database (SWBD) and GeoCover Landsat mosaics. Two large L-band SAR mosaics (the global boreal forest mapping (GBFM) Siberia mosaic and the global rain forest mapping (GRFM) Africa mosaic), assembled from the Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 (JERS-1) data, were accurately geo-referenced and ortho-rectified. The GRFM Africa mosaic was also radiometrically corrected for topographic effects. The accurate co-registration with the DEM allows for improved classification methods based on the combination of SAR backscatter with terrain features. Comparison of the revised GBFM and GRFM mosaics with a forthcoming set of continental-scale mosaics assembled from the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) data will offer a unique possibility for change detection studies over the Tropical and Boreal forest zones with a temporal spacing of some 10 years.
The frequency of drinking in different sites in different Nordic areas, and the effects on it of changes in alcohol availability

The site of drinking, as reported in population surveys in 2003 and 2004, was studied in Denmark, Finland and two areas of Sweden, in the north and the south. The aim of the study is to see whether there were differences in main sites of drinking between the four sites; to examine the effect of changes in price and availability due to major reductions in alcohol taxes in Finland and Denmark as well as increased traveler’s quotas on frequency of drinking in different sites; to see whether this effect varied for heavier drinkers; and to measure the stability of frequency of drinking in particular sites. The changes in availability affected Finland, Denmark and the southern area of Sweden. The north of Sweden is used as a control, as it was relatively unaffected by these changes. Probability samples aged 16-69 years were collected from all four sites through telephone interviews and postal questionnaires. The context questions concerned the frequency of drinking in restaurants or taverns, in the respondent’s own home, and in another person’s home. The most frequent location of drinking was usually one’s own home, particularly for those aged 30 and over. For younger Danes and Swedes, drinking in restaurants and other’s homes were also relatively frequent contexts for drinking. There were thus some differences between different Nordic areas in frequencies of drinking in different sites. However, there were few signs of substantial change between 2003 and 2004 in rates of drinking regularly in any of the contexts. Despite the changes in price and availability, the pre-existing differences in contexts of drinking thus stayed largely intact. This was true also among heavier drinkers. While there was substantial stability in all geographic areas between 2003 and 2004 in each respondent’s reported frequency of drinking in his or her own home, there was considerable variability from one year to the other in the frequencies of drinking in restaurants and on another’s house.