Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Good IgA bad IgG in SARS-CoV-2 infection?

References 1. Smith KF, Dobson AP, McKenzie FE, Real LA, Smith DL, Wilson ML. Ecological theory to enhance infectious disease control and public health policy. Front Ecol Environ 2005; 3:29–37. 2. Mizumoto K, Kagaya K, Zarebski A, Chowell G. Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship, Yokohama, Japan, 2020. Euro Surveill 2020; 25. doi:10.2807/15607917.ES. 2020.25. 10.2000180. 3. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA 2020. doi:10.1001/jama.2020. 2648. 4. Ogden CL, Fakhouri TH, Carroll MD, et al. Prevalence of obesity among adults, by household income and education—United States, 2011-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017; 66:1369–73. 5. Onder G, Rezza G, Brusaferro S. Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy. JAMA 2020. doi:10.1001/ jama.2020. 4683.
Automatic Holter electrocardiogram analysis in ischaemic stroke patients to detect paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: ready to replace physicians?

The detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAF) in patients presenting with ischaemic stroke shifts secondary stroke prevention to oral anticoagulation. In order to deal with the time‐ and resource‐consuming manual analysis of prolonged electrocardiogram (ECG)‐monitoring data, we investigated the effectiveness of pAF detection with an automated algorithm (AA) in comparison to a manual analysis with software support within the IDEAS study [study analysis (SA)].
Effects of different daytime exercises on the quality of sleep and appetite of obese women

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of daytime aerobic exercise on the subsequent sleep and appetite of obese women. Materials and Methods: It was a semi-experimental study with pre and post-test design. Fifteen obese women were asked to do aerobic exercises three sessions a week for 2 weeks, with each session lasting 60 min at 60% of maximum heart rate either at 9:00 am or 18:00 pm. A body composition analyzer (InBody-320, South Korea) was used to measure weight, fat percentage, and body mass index (BMI). Nocturnal sleep–wake schedule data and sleep patterns in the two conditions (morning vs. evening) were recorded at 1-min intervals and scored with the Actiwatch Sleep Analysis 8 software. Paired t-test and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. Results: Results (age, 46.9 ± 5.2 years; BMI, 33.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2; and percentage of body fat ≥35%) showed that sleep efficiency, wake bouts, actual sleep, and sleep latency were improved after exercise training (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, morning exercise condition resulted in a better improvement in sleep efficiency (73.41% ± 6.94%), wake bouts (15.81% ± 3.30%), and sleep latency (79.47% ± 6.09%) compared to that of evening exercise (P ≤ 0.05). It was also reported that the perceived satiety was not significantly different in the two conditions (P = 0.94 and P = 0.076, respectively, for morning and evening), while the perceived hungry was improved significantly in the morning condition (P = 0.003). Conclusion: As a result, aerobic exercises at the time of the morning can lead to a better quality of sleep and decline in hungry of obese women compared to the evening exercise.
The daily impact of COVID-19 in gastroenterology

A new strain of coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, probably originating from a wild-animal contamination. Since then, the situation rapidly evolved from a cluster of patients with pneumonia, to a regional epidemic and now to a pandemic called COrona VIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This evolution is related to the peculiar modes of transmission of the disease and to the globalization and lifestyle of the 21st century that created the perfect scenario for virus spread. Even though research has not evidenced particular susceptibility of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection, immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory treatments were considered potential risk factors. In this context, initiating treatments with these agents should be cautiously weighted and regular ongoing treatments shall be continued, while the dose of corticosteroids should be reduced whenever possible. Due to the increased risk of contamination, elective endoscopic procedures and surgeries should be postponed and IBD online appointments shall be considered. IBD patients shall also follow the recommendations provided to the general population, such as minimization of contact with infected or suspected patients and to wash hands frequently. In the absence of effective treatments and vaccines, this pandemic can only be controlled through prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission with the main objectives of providing patients the best healthcare possible and reduce mortality.
Three-Plane-assembled Deep Learning Segmentation of Gliomas.

Purpose To design a computational method for automatic brain glioma segmentation of multimodal MRI scans with high efficiency and accuracy. Materials and Methods The 2018 Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge (BraTS) dataset was used in this study, consisting of routine clinically acquired preoperative multimodal MRI scans. Three subregions of glioma-the necrotic and nonenhancing tumor core, the peritumoral edema, and the contrast-enhancing tumor-were manually labeled by experienced radiologists. Two-dimensional U-Net models were built using a three-plane-assembled approach to segment three subregions individually (three-region model) or to segment only the whole tumor (WT) region (WT-only model). The term three-plane-assembled means that coronal and sagittal images were generated by reformatting the original axial images. The model performance for each case was evaluated in three classes: enhancing tumor (ET), tumor core (TC), and WT. Results On the internal unseen testing dataset split from the 2018 BraTS training dataset, the proposed models achieved mean Sørensen-Dice scores of 0.80, 0.84, and 0.91, respectively, for ET, TC, and WT. On the BraTS validation dataset, the proposed models achieved mean 95% Hausdorff distances of 3.1 mm, 7.0 mm, and 5.0 mm, respectively, for ET, TC, and WT and mean Sørensen-Dice scores of 0.80, 0.83, and 0.91, respectively, for ET, TC, and WT. On the BraTS testing dataset, the proposed models ranked fourth out of 61 teams. The source code is available at https://github.com/GuanLab/Brain_Glioma. Conclusion This deep learning method consistently segmented subregions of brain glioma with high accuracy, efficiency, reliability, and generalization ability on screening images from a large population, and it can be efficiently implemented in clinical practice to assist neuro-oncologists or radiologists. Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2020.
Daily associations between social media use and memory failures: the mediating role of negative affect

Abstract Daily social media use has been previously linked to worse everyday memory functioning in adulthood; however, the underlying mechanisms that drive these associations are unclear. One pathway in which social media use may negatively influence memory functioning is through a decrease in emotional well-being. Therefore, using a daily diary study from the Midlife in the United States Refresher cohort (MIDUS; n = 782, 25–75 years old), the current study conducted a multilevel structural equation model to examine whether social media use influenced memory failures indirectly through positive and negative affect. Analyses revealed that daily negative affect, but not positive affect, was a significant mediator at the within-person level. On days when social media use was high, individuals reported greater negative affect and in turn, more memory failures. The potential underlying socio-evaluative effects that may drive the association between social media use, negative affect, and memory failures are discussed.
The prevalence of common sleep disorders in young adults: a descriptive population-based study.

Sleep disorders in adults are associated with adverse health effects including reduced quality of life and increased mortality. However, there is little information on sleep disorders in young adults. A cross-sectional observational study was undertaken in 1,227 young adults participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Study (2012-2014) to describe the prevalence of common sleep disorders. In-laboratory polysomnography (PSG) and validated survey methods were used, including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Symptom Questionnaire-Insomnia and International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group criteria. 1,146 participants completed a core questionnaire, 1,051 completed a sleep-focused questionnaire and 935 had analysable PSG data. Participants had a mean age of 22.2 years and female to male ratio of 1.1 to 1. The respective sleep disorder prevalences in females and males were: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) [apnea hypopnea index (AHI): ≥5events/hour] 14.9% (95%CI:11.8-18.5) and 26.9% (95%CI:22.9-31.2), chronic insomnia, 19.3% (95%CI:16.7-23.9) and 10.6% (95%CI:8.3-13.9); restless legs syndrome , 3.8% (95%CI:2.4-5.6) and 1.9% (95%CI:0.9-3.4); and abnormal periodic leg movements during sleep (>5movements/hour), 8.6% (95%CI:6.3-11.5) and 9.6% (95%CI:7.1-12.7). There were statistically significant differences in prevalence between sexes for OSA and insomnia, which persisted after adjustment for body mass index and education. In those with complete data on all sleep-related assessments (n=836), at least one sleep disorder was present in 41.0% of females and 42.3% of males. Sleep disorders are very common in young adults. Health practitioners should be aware of these high prevalences, as early identification and treatment can improve quality of life and may reduce later morbidity and mortality.
Influence of heat treatment of goat milk on casein micelle size, rheological and textural properties of acid gels and set type yoghurts.

Acid gels and yoghurts were made from goat milk that was heated at 72C/30 s, 85C/5 min and 95C/5 min, followed by acidification with starter culture at 43C until pH 4.6. The rheological and textural properties of acid gels and yoghurts were analyzed using dynamic low amplitude oscillatory rheology and back extrusion texture analysis, respectively. The effect of goat milk heat treatment on the mean casein micelle diameter and protein profile were also determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and SDS PAGE electrophoresis, respectively. The shortest gelation and fermentation time was recorded for yoghurt prepared from milk heated at 85C/5 min. Also, the pH of gelation, the storage moduli (G') and yield stress were higher for this yoghurt, compared with the other two. Textural properties of goat milk yoghurts such as firmness and consistency were strongly affected by milk heat treatment, and the highest values were recorded for yoghurt produced from milk preheated at 85C/5 min, as well. The largest casein micelles were measured after 85C/5 min treatment and their size decreased at higher temperature, despite higher denaturation of whey proteins at the most intense heat regime, indicating the structure changes that influence on the acid gelation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Modelling the patient accrual with truncated Gaussian mixture distribution for the accurate estimation of sample size in survival trials

In survival trials with fixed trial length, the patient accrual rate has a significant impact on the sample size estimation or equivalently, on the power of trials. A larger sample size is required for the staggered patient entry. During enrollment, the patient accrual rate changes with the recruitment publicity effect, disease incidence and many other factors and fluctuations of the accrual rate occur frequently. However, the existing accrual models are either over-simplified for the constant rate assumption or complicated in calculation for the subdivision of the accrual period. A more flexible accrual model is required to represent the fluctuant patient accrual rate for accurate sample size estimation. In this paper, inspired by the flexibility of the Gaussian mixture distribution in approximating continuous densities, we propose the truncated Gaussian mixture distribution accrual model to represent different variations of accrual rate by different parameter configurations. The sample size calculation formula and the parameter setting of the proposed accrual model are discussed further.
Geriatric Visits to the Emergency Department at an Academic Tertiary Care Center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Objectives: Geriatric patients aged more than 60 years are a vulnerable group of patients needing special care in the emergency department. This study aims to determine the prevalence of geriatric patients visiting the emergency department and explore the various aspects of those visits. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all emergency department visits from August 2016 to July 2017 was performed at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Results: Of 34,127 emergency department visits by adults, 6,533 (19.14%) were made by geriatric patients (age range, 60-115 years; average, 71.25 years), representing about 45 nationalities (48.62% were Saudi). Triage priority using the “Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale” showed that 36.08% of the visits were emergencies, 49.35% were urgent, and 14.57% were non-urgent. Most (40.47%) of the visits were made during the morning, almost double the number made at night (23.30%). Geriatric patients presenting with a single complaint represented 62.47% of these visits, those presenting with two complaints represented 31.01%, and those presenting three or more complaints, 6.52%. The most common complaints were dyspnea (25.28%), chest pain (13.16%), and abdominal pain (10.82%). In the final diagnoses, diseases of circulatory system were most frequent (15.20%). The admission rate was 28.38%, and the mortality rate was 1.94%. Conclusion: Geriatric patients visiting the emergency department represent one-fi ft h of all emergency department visits by adults. They commonly present with complex medical conditions, making the approach to their diagnoses more challenging. Therefore, we recommend paying greater attention using multidisciplinary services and follow up.
A survey of techniques in passive identiﬁcation of wireless personal devices and the implications on user tracking

In today’s world, wireless personal devices such as mobile phones, ﬁtness trackers, medical devices etc. are ubiquitous. These devices provide a convenient user experience by continuously transmitting different wireless messages. Unfortunately this convenience comes at a cost, as a passive eaves-dropping adversary can capture these transmissions, and use the information to uniquely identify the devices, and further to track the device owners. This privacy leakage problem is more acute at the link and physical layers, because existing wireless security and privacy mechanisms fail to protect information at these layers. In this survey, I analyze existing literature to understand how our wireless devices can be identiﬁed using techniques at the link and physical layers. For an adversary, the choice of a particular technique is a tradeoff decision. I present a set of heuristics to compare the identiﬁcation techniques that highlights these tradeoffs. Finally, an adversary that is successful in device identiﬁcation can further use the captured transmissions to perform user tracking. I present several examples from literature that highlight the extent of this user privacy leakage.
In ̄uence of beer ethanol content on the wort ̄avour perception

The sensorial threshold value of 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde appears to be in ̄uenced by the beer matrix. We have shown that, in typical lager beers, ethanol signi®cantly increases aldehyde retention, leading to lower perception of the worty character. In alcohol-free beers, both the absence of ethanol and the higher level of monoand disaccharides such as maltose intensify such o̄avours. As improving Strecker aldehyde reduction by yeast seems dicult for alcohol-free beer production without using genetically modi®ed yeasts or adding steps in the process, another interesting approach could be to add ``ethanol-mimics'' to increase o̄avour thresholds. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
On the "Naturalness" of Buggy Code

Real software, the kind working programmers produce by the kLOC to solve real-world problems, tends to be “natural”, like speech or natural language; it tends to be highly repetitive and predictable. Researchers have captured this naturalness of software through statistical models and used them to good effect in suggestion engines, porting tools, coding standards checkers, and idiom miners. This suggests that code that appears improbable, or surprising, to a good statistical language model is “unnatural” in some sense, and thus possibly suspicious. In this paper, we investigate this hypothesis. We consider a large corpus of bug fix commits (ca. 7,139), from 10 different Java projects, and focus on its language statistics, evaluating the naturalness of buggy code and the corresponding fixes. We find that code with bugs tends to be more entropic (i.e. unnatural), becoming less so as bugs are fixed. Ordering files for inspection by their average entropy yields cost-effectiveness scores comparable to popular defect prediction methods. At a finer granularity, focusing on highly entropic lines is similar in cost-effectiveness to some well-known static bug finders (PMD, FindBugs) and or- dering warnings from these bug finders using an entropy measure improves the cost-effectiveness of inspecting code implicated in warnings. This suggests that entropy may be a valid, simple way to complement the effectiveness of PMD or FindBugs, and that search-based bug-fixing methods may benefit from using entropy both for fault-localization and searching for fixes.
Rationale in management of entero-cutaneous fistula following routine and emergency surgery: a prospective study in a tertiary care hospital of Odisha

Background: The enterocutaneous fistula is an abnormal communication between gastrointestinal tract and skin. It is a grave surgical complication following surgery on gastrointestinal tract. Despite in surgical nutrition and critical care, mortality from enterocutaneous fistula remains high. Improvements in outcome are focused on prevention and when fistula occurs, prompt recognition and intervention is essential.Methods: This is institutional based prospective observational study which was conducted in S.C. B Medical college, Cuttack, Odisha for a period from September 2015 to September 2017 on 30 patients with enterocutaneous fistulae occurring as post-operative complication among patients admitted and operated at our institution for various gastrointestinal conditions and also referred from other centres after complication had set in. Detailed history, physical examination, routine workup, management and its outcome were studied.Results: The maximum number of fistulae (86.7%) developed after emergency surgery than routine. Incidence of enterocutaneous fistulae was observed in cases operated for intestinal obstruction (40%) followed by operation for enteric perforation (28%). The highest incidence of enterocutaneous fistula occurred on 8th post-operative day (36.7%). 24 cases were treated conservatively while 6 patients underwent operative treatment.Conclusions: Hence, the enterocutaneous fistula is frequently seen with emergency surgery of gastrointestinal tract, particularly on ileum, usually occurring around 8th post-operative day and most of them end in spontaneous closure with conservative treatment.
Nano-scaling of Trigonelline Improves Antioxidative Status of hfd-stz Induced Diabetic Mice

In medical sciences nanotechnology helps us to produce nano-scale medication or medicine. Various studies showed that nanoparticles are smoothly enters through cell membranes in organisms and get interacted quickly with biological systems because of its number of advantages such as targeted drug delivery, bioavailability, less immunogenicity and also overcomes traditional therapy problems like less bioavailability and adverse effects. In present investigation we synthesized Trigonelline nanoparticles (TNPs) successfully. Trigonelline is the active plant alkaloid chemically known as N-methylnicotinic acid (C7H7NO2) which was first isolated from the fenugreek seed. Diabetic Mellitus is a metabolic disease associated with impaired uptake and metabolism of glucose. Hyperglycemic condition in diabetic case leads oxidative stress in body and finally results in damage to the various biomolecules in the body such as lipid protein and nucleic acid. The present investigation was aims to study the antioxidative effect of TNPs on Streptozotocin induced diabetic mice (Mus musculus). Mice were divided into three groups viz, a) Control group (Group I) b) Diabetic group (Group II) c) Recovery group (Group III). Diabetic mice treated with TNPs 100 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. The activity of antioxidative enzymes i.e. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathion peroxidase (GPx) and lipid peroxidation in the liver and pancreas was recorded at the end of experiment. There was decrease in antioxidative enzymes and increase in lipid peroxidation in pancreas of diabetic mice as compare to control (Group I). After the treatment of TNPs significant increase in levels of antioxidative enzymes and significant decrease in lipid peroxidation in liver and pancreas of recovery group (Group III) was observed. The study suggest that nano-scaling of trigonelline reduces oxidative stress improves antioxidative status of diabetic mice.
A Tale of CI Build Failures: An Open Source and a Financial Organization Perspective

Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Delivery (CD) are widespread in both industrial and open-source software (OSS) projects. Recent research characterized build failures in CI and identified factors potentially correlated to them. However, most observations and findings of previous work are exclusively based on OSS projects or data from a single industrial organization. This paper provides a first attempt to compare the CI processes and occurrences of build failures in 349 Java OSS projects and 418 projects from a financial organization, ING Nederland. Through the analysis of 34,182 failing builds (26% of the total number of observed builds), we derived a taxonomy of failures that affect the observed CI processes. Using cluster analysis, we observed that in some cases OSS and ING projects share similar build failure patterns (e.g., few compilation failures as compared to frequent testing failures), while in other cases completely different patterns emerge. In short, we explain how OSS and ING CI processes exhibit commonalities, yet are substantially different in their design and in the failures they report.