Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Is the Best Vancomycin Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Parameter to Assess Efficacy? A Critical Review of Experimental Data and Assessment of the Need for Individual Patient Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Value

Therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended for the use of vancomycin, but a recent widely publicized US medical society consensus statement has changed the suggested optimal method(s) of dose adjustment. Specifically, 24 h area under the curve (AUC24)-based monitoring is has been recommended for vancomycin in preference to monitoring of trough concentrations. One reason cited for this change is the claim that AUC24 is a superior correlate to efficacy than trough (Cmin). Evidence from a number of retrospective analyses have been critically reviewed and determined to have weaknesses. This narrative review focuses on the experimental studies performed in vivo in animal models of infection and in vitro to determine the extent to which these data may provide a compelling distinction between pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PKPD) parameters that may translate to clinical use in therapeutic drug monitoring. Animal in vivo studies have been presented at conferences, but no original peer reviewed studies could be found that compare various PKPD parameters. These conference proceeding findings were supportive but unconvincing, even though they were favorably presented subsequently in review articles and clinical practice guidelines. In vitro data are somewhat conflicting, but the range of concentrations may play a role in the discrepancies found. It has been suggested that MIC may be assumed to have a value of 1 mg/L; however, it can be demonstrated that this assumption may lead to considerable discrepancy from results with an actual MIC value. The AUC24 parameter has been weighed against the percentage of time above the MIC (%T > MIC) as a comparative PKPD parameter, yet this may be an inappropriate comparison for vancomycin since all clinically useful dosing provides 100% T > MIC. Regardless, there is a distinction between clinical TDM parameters and PKPD parameters, so, in practice, the change to AUC24:MIC based on animal experiments and in vitro evidence for vancomycin may be premature.
Soret Effect for a Ternary Mixture in Porous Cavity: Modeling With Variable Diffusion Coefficients and Viscosity

A porous cavity filled with methane (C1), n-butane (nC4), and dodecane (C12) at a pressure of 35.0 MPa is used to investigate numerically the flow interaction due to the presence of thermodiffusion and buoyancy forces. A lateral heating condition is applied with the left wall maintained at 10°C and the right wall at 50°C. The molecular diffusion and thermal diffusion coefficients are functions of temperature, concentration, and viscosity of mixture components. It has been found that for permeability below 200 md the thermodiffusion is dominant; and above this level, buoyancy convection becomes the dominant mechanism. The variation of viscosity plays an important role on the molecular and thermal diffusion.
Endovascular Thrombectomy for the Treatment of Large Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Endovascular thrombectomy has previously been reserved for patients with small to medium acute ischemic strokes. Three recent randomized control trials have demonstrated functional benefit and risk profiles for thrombectomy in large-volume ischemic strokes. The primary objective of the meta-analysis was to determine the combined benefit of endovascular thrombectomy in patients with large-volume ischemic strokes and to determine the risk of adverse events after treatment. METHODS: We systematically searched Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Excerpta Medica Database, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register, and Google Scholar for randomized trials published between January 1, 2010, and February 19, 2023. We included trials specifically comparing endovascular thrombectomy with medical therapy in adults with acute ischemic stroke with large-volume infarctions (defined by Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score 3-5 or a calculated infarct volume of >50 mL). Data were extracted based on prespecified variables on study methods and design, participant characteristics, analysis approach, and efficacy/safety outcomes. Results were combined using a restricted maximum-likelihood estimation random-effects model. Studies were assessed for potential bias and quality of evidence. The primary outcome was an overall ordinal shift across modified Rankin scale scores toward a better outcome at 90 days after either treatment arm. RESULTS: Three thousand forty-four studies were screened, and 29 underwent full-text review. Three randomized trials (N = 1011) were included in the analysis. The pooled random-effects model for the primary outcome favored endovascular thrombectomy over medical management, with a generalized odds ratio of 1.55 (95% CI 1.25-1.91, I2 = 42.84%). There was a trend toward increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in the thrombectomy group, with a relative risk of 1.85 (95% CI 0.94-3.63, I2 = 0.00%). CONCLUSION: In patients with large-volume ischemic strokes, endovascular thrombectomy has a clear functional benefit and does not confer increased risk of significant complications compared with medical management alone.
Users' Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbots: An Empirical Study

This research examines the effects of factors such as perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment, innovativeness, perceived information quality, and perceived customisation on behavioural intention to use Chatbots. The research model designed is empirically validated using structural equation modelling with the aid of AMOS software. A five-point Likert scale-based structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 378 Chatbot users in an online method. The results indicated that the perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, innovativeness, perceived information quality, and perceived customisation have positive effects on intention to use Chatbots, whereas perceived enjoyment is found to exert no effect. The research further discussed implications and future directions of research.
Theory of cyclotron heating in a long adiabatic trap

At a low cyclotron-wave amplitude (.delta. d.cap omega./d.nu./sub perpendicular/ much less than 1) the plasma is heated only if the motion of the charged particles is subject to random effects. At a large amplitude (.delta.d.cap omega./d.nu./sub perpendicular/ much greater than 1) the heating is due to an instability of the phase trajectories which arises as a result of ''resonance overlap. '' This type of instability is familiar in the dynamics of systems having several degrees of freedom. Here . cap omega. is the phase mismatch between the waves and the cyclotron rotation of the charged particles which is accumulated in a single transit of the particle through the trap, . delta. represents a change, and . nu. /sub perpendicular/ is the particle velocity across the magnetic field at passage through the point of cyclotron resonance. This quantity is proportional to the amplitude of the electric field of the cyclotron waves. The amount of energy absorbed by the plasma is derived. The self-consistent equation for the cyclotron waves is solved for the case in which the point of resonance is far from the magnetic-field minimum. Expressions are derived for the absorption, reflection, and transmission coefficients for waves incident on the adiabatic trap.
On the robustness of Hotelling's T2

The influence of outliers in one of the samples on Hotelling's generalized T10 is investigated by considering the directional derivate of the expected value with respect to the proportion of outliers in the disturbed population at the proportion zero. To make the problem tractable, the estimate of the covariance matrix thereby is replaced by its expected value under the altered distributional assumptions. For the two sample case the influence of outliers on the variance of the test criterion is also investigated. The analytical findings are confirmed by simulation results.
An ARL-unbiased design of time-between-events control charts with runs rules

In this paper, we consider incorporating the runs rules into the cumulative quantity control (CQC) chart for monitoring time-between-events data. We propose a simple and effective procedure to design a CQC chart coupled with runs rules that can yield average run length (ARL)-unbiased performance and meet the required in-control ARL. The proposed design involves determining a relation between the upper side and lower side false alarm probabilities. A Markov chain approach is used to evaluate the ARL performance of various control schemes studied in this paper. An extensive numerical comparison shows that the proposed design approach can result in a significant reduction in ARL for detecting increases in the occurrence rate of the event in comparison with the basic CQC charts.
Numerical simulations of turbulent spots in plane Poiseuille and boundary‐layer flow

Direct numerical simulations of turbulent spots in plane Poiseuille and boundary‐layer flows are performed. Mature, self‐similar spots are obtained. The propagation velocities and spreading angles are found to compare well with corresponding experiments. The difference in shape of the two spots is also clearly discernible: the turbulent parts are contained within arrowhead regions that point in opposite directions for the two cases. The wing‐tip region of the Poiseuille spot is also found to consist of a large‐amplitude semiturbulent wave packet.
Large-eddy simulation of conductive flows at low magnetic Reynolds number

Using the method of large-eddy simulation, we study decaying homogeneous turbulence of a conductive flow under the influence of an applied external magnetic field at low magnetic Reynolds number. In order to assess the performance of large-eddy simulation, comparison with high resolution (512 3 ) direct numerical simulation is performed. Results show that the modeling of subgrid scales using the dynamic Smagorinsky model is very effective in the present context.
Cooperative actuator fault accommodation in formation flight of unmanned vehicles using absolute measurements

In this study, the problem of cooperative fault accommodation in formation flight of unmanned vehicles represented by linear time-invariant models that are subject to loss-of-effectiveness actuator faults is investigated through a hierarchical framework. Three hierarchical levels are envisaged, namely a low-level fault recovery (LLFR), a formation-level fault recovery and a high-level supervisor. In the LLFR module, a recovery controller is designed by using an estimate of the actuator fault. A performance monitoring module is then introduced at the high-level to identify a ‘partially low-level recovered’ vehicle because of inaccuracy in the fault severity estimate that results in violating the ‘error specification’ of the formation mission. The high-level supervisor then activates the formation-level fault recovery module to compensate for the resulting performance degradations of the partially low-level (LL) recovered vehicle at the expense of other healthy vehicles. The fault is accommodated by reconfiguring the formation structure through the novel notion of the weighted absolute measurement formation digraph, activating a robust controller for the partially LL recovered vehicle, and imposing a constraint on the desired input signals. Numerical simulations for a formation flight of five satellites in the planetary orbital environment are presented to confirm the validity and effectiveness of the proposed analytical work.
Multikilovolt channelled x-ray propagation in water

Water is a nearly ideal medium for the production of confined modes of propagation with the relativistic/charge-displacement mechanism in the multikilovolt x-ray region. Calculations for λx ∼ 2.9 Å anchored to experimental data in the ultraviolet (248 nm) region yield stable channels having a characteristic diameter of ∼190 Å, a propagating intensity of ∼1026 W cm–2 and a loss parameter due to photoionization of ∼0.3 mJ cm–1. These values are consistent with the generation of x-ray channels conducting coherent x-ray fluences >1010 J cm–2 in water over a length of ∼1 m, a range a factor of ∼104 greater than the distance associated with linear propagation.
Discrete Multivariate Distributions

In this article, we present a concise review of developments on discrete multivariate distributions. We first present some basic definitions and notations. Then, we present several important discrete multivariate distributions and list their significant properties and characteristics. Keywords: generating function; moments; stirling numbers; regression; inflated distributions; truncated forms; compound distributions; multinomial; negative multinomial; multivariate poisson; multivariate hypergeometric; multivariate Polya–Eggenberger; multivariate discrete exponential; multivariate power series; multivariate hermite; multivariate occupancy; multivariate weighted; dirichlet; multivariate run-related distributions
The Effects of Environment on the Molecular and Atomic Gas Properties of Large Virgo Cluster Spirals

The effect of the Virgo environment on the ISM of Virgo disks is presently ascertained by comparing the molecular and atomic gas properties of 40 Virgo cluster spiral galaxies with their optical properties. Virgo Sc galaxies fainter than B(T)exp 0 = 12 are found to have significantly weaker CO emission/unit area and unit mass than brighter Sc galaxies, which have a fairly good correlation between CO luminosity and optical luminosity. An anticorrelation is noted between CO and H I emission in Virgo Sc galaxies with B(T)exp 0 = 11-12. Comparisons of the CO/H I flux ratios with the H I defficiency parameter indicate that there is no CO deficiency in H I-deficient Virgo spirals. 93 refs.
Clinical description and treatment outcomes of Paederus dermatitis in Phuentsholing, Bhutan in 2021: A cross‐sectional study

Abstract An increasing number of beetle population and outbreaks of irritant contact dermatitis are reported from newer geographic locations. Bhutan is one such country that witnessed an outbreak of Paederus dermatitis (PD) in Phuentsholing sub‐district in 2021. This study describes the clinical symptoms, skin lesions and treatment outcomes of PD in Bhutan. This was a descriptive cross‐sectional study of an outbreak of Paederus‐related contact dermatitis in Phuentsholing, Bhutan. Clinical symptoms, skin lesions, duration of illness, recovery time and response to treatment were recorded. Of the 81 patients with PD, the males constituted 54% (44) and the mean age was 22 years (range: 1–51 years). The commonly affected groups were those aged 11–20 years (40.7%) and school or college students (50.6%). The common symptoms were pain, itching, redness, tenderness and blister formation. The lesions were erythematovesicular (70%), linear (54.3%) and kissing lesions (28.4%). All patients received some form of topical or oral steroid therapy and recovery was 100%. The mean duration from the onset till the recovery of the skin rash was 13 days (SD ± 8.3 days). PD outbreak is a self‐limiting form of contact dermatitis. This is the first report of PD in the sub‐Himalayan region and may be linked to climate change. There is a need for active surveillance and monitoring of such emerging weather/climate‐related agents for appropriate health system response in disease prevention and treatment.
Tsallis q-Statistics in Seismology

Non-extensive statistical mechanics (or q-statistics) is based on the so-called non-additive Tsallis entropy. Since its introduction by Tsallis, in 1988, as a generalization of the Boltzmann–Gibbs equilibrium statistical mechanics, it has steadily gained ground as a suitable theory for the description of the statistical properties of non-equilibrium complex systems. Therefore, it has been applied to numerous phenomena, including real seismicity. In particular, Tsallis entropy is expected to provide a guiding principle to reveal novel aspects of complex dynamical systems with catastrophes, such as seismic events. The exploration of the existing connections between Tsallis formalism and real seismicity has been the focus of extensive research activity in the last two decades. In particular, Tsallis q-statistics has provided a unified framework for the description of the collective properties of earthquakes and faults. Despite this progress, our present knowledge of the physical processes leading to the initiation of a rupture, and its subsequent growth through a fault system, remains quite limited. The aim of this paper was to provide an overview of the non-extensive interpretation of seismicity, along with the contributions of the Tsallis formalism to the statistical description of seismic events.
Penerapan Model Problem Based Leaning Berbasis Berdiferensiasi berdasarakan Gaya Belajar Peserta Didik pada Pelajaran Biologi

Peserta didik merupakan individu yang unik sehingga memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dari yang satu dengan yang lainnya. Di Kelas XI IPA 1 Plus SMA Srijaya Negara Palembang ini ditemukan gaya belajar yang sangat beragam sehingga perlu pembelajaran berdiferensiasi untuk merespon keberagaman tersebut supaya peserta didik dapat mengoptimalkan potensinya sesuai karakteristiknya Tujuan best practice ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi terhadap proses pembelajaran dan bagaimana penerapannya pada mata pelajaran Biologi kelas XI IPA 1 Plus SMA Srijaya Negara Palembang. Penelitian menggunakan jenis kualitatif dengan sumber informasi penelitian dari peserta didik dan pendidik mata pelajaran Biologi. Modifikasi RPP pelajaran Biologi berbasis pembelajaran berdiferensiasi berdasarkan keberagaman gaya belajar peserta didik. Hasil observasi peserta didik lebih aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran sehingga hasil belajar peserta didik sesuai tujuan pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hasil analisis penerapan pembelajaran berdiferensiasi membawa dampak perubahan perilaku peserta didik dalam pembelajaran. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari keikutsertaan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) berbasis berdiferensiasi berdasarkan gaya belajar dapat diterapkan di kelas XI IPA 1 Plus SMA Srijaya Negara Palembang.
Phase-field modeling of stress generation in electrode particles of lithium ion batteries

Many cathode materials in lithium ion batteries show capacity fade due to particle crackings even at low applied charge and discharge current (C-rate). The promising candidate material LixMn2O4 exhibits such effects on the 4 V-plateau when the state of charge 0<x<1, hence the crystalline host remains cubic spinel. Single particle failure in this range of values indicates the existence of very large stresses, which may occur due to phase segregation. In this letter, we employ a phase-field model coupled to mechanics to demonstrate the relationship between phase segregation and high values of the mechanical stresses thus explaining numerous experimental results.
A new astrometric measurement and reduction of USNO photographic observations of Phobos and Deimos: 1967–1997

Context. Accurate positional measurements of planets and satellites are used to improve our knowledge of both their orbits and their dynamics and to infer the accuracy of the planet and satellite ephemerides. Aims. In the framework of the European FP7 ESPaCE program, we provide the positions of Mars, Phobos, and Deimos taken with the US Naval Observatory 61-inch astrometric reflector and 26-inch refractor from 1967 to 1997. Methods. Four hundred twenty five astrophotographic plates were measured with the digitizer of the Royal Observatory of Belgium and reduced through an optimal process that includes image, instrumental, and spherical corrections using the UCAC4 catalog to provide the most accurate equatorial (RA, Dec) positions. Results. We compared the observed positions of the planet Mars and its satellites with the theoretical positions from INPOP13c and DE430 planetary ephemerides and from NOE MarsSatV1_0 and MAR097 satellite ephemerides. The rms residuals in RA and Dec of one position are less than 62 mas or about 20 km at the opposition of Mars. The rms intersatellite residuals in RA and Dec of one position are less than 40 mas or about 13 km at Mars. This accuracy is comparable to the most recent CCD observations. We also fitted the NOE model to the new computed positions and compared the orbital evolution of Phobos and Deimos with those derived from the same model, but only fitted to spacecraft data. Our results show that astrophotographic plate data can now compete with those of old spacecraft.
A Quantitative Comparison of Ground-Based FSSP and PVM Measurements

Abstract Cloud microphysical measurements of two ground-based field campaigns are analyzed in order to compare Particle Volume Monitor (PVM) measurements and Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP)-derived integrated quantities (mainly liquid water content LWC) for different types of drop size distributions. It is shown that in case of size distributions containing mostly small drops with diameters D 25 μm) are present in the drop size distribution, which considerably increases LWC, discrepancies between PVM and FSSP measurements are established. The most likely explanation for the differences is that the sensitivity of.
Improving Teachers' In-Service Professional Development in Mathematics and Science: The Role of Postsecondary Institutions

This study empirically examines the management and implementation strategies that contribute to high-quality in-service teacher professional developent provided by postsecondary institutions. The analysis is part of a national evaluation of the Eisenhower Professional Development Program. Findings are based on a national probability sample of Eisenhower project directors at postsecondary institutions. The authors found empirical support that management/implementation strategies—aligning standards and assessments to professional development, continuous-improvement efforts, and coordination between post-secondary institutions and school districts—were related to higher quality professional development, defined in terms of content focus, active learning opportunities, coherence, duration, collective participation, and type of activity. Thus, in the context of an evaluation of the nation's largest investment in teachers' professional development, this study provides support, from a national probability sample of postsecondary institution Eisenhower project directors, for the link between federal policies and strategies of support, implementation, and the quality of teachers' professional development.
Editorial: Immuno-diagnosis of active tuberculosis; are we making progress?

COPYRIGHT © 2023 Mayanja-Kizza, Cardona and Chegou. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Editorial PUBLISHED 24 February 2023 DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023. 1092651