Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical and physical characteristics of grains related to variability in energy and amino acid availability in poultry

Grains such as wheat and barley, combined with legumes and oilseed meals, provide not only the bulk of essential nutrients for commercial poultry production and reproduction, but are also the prime source of anti-nutritive components, which are likely to have significant bearing on how effectively all dietary components are utilised by poultry. Sources of variation in the physical and chemical characteristics of grains used in poultry diets include variety, seasonal effects, and growth sites, crop treatment and grain fumigants, and post-harvest storage conditions and period of storage. The available energy and protein contents of grains fed to poultry, which best represent nutritive value, are extremely wide and in consequence there is an urgent need to develop rapid and objective tests for the assessment of nutritive value prior to including grains in poultry diets. Variation in the available energy and protein content of grains can be attributed to a wide range of anti-nutritive factors such as non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), enzyme activity, tannins, alkyl resorcinols, protease inhibitors, α-amylase inhibitors, phytohaemagglutinins, alkaloids, saponins, and lathyrogens. The relative importance of such factors will also differ according to the type of grain in question. However, NSP seem to be the predominant factor in Australia over the past few years given the volume of published literature on this topic. This argument is strongly supported by the fact that NSP-degrading enzymes are routinely used in monogastric diets with great success throughout the world. Numerous attempts over a long period have failed to provide unequivocal evidence that nutritive value in grains for poultry can be predicted with sufficient accuracy and precision by simple, low-cost physico-chemical measurements used singly or in combination. Nevertheless, it is highly desirable to continue to explore these simple measurements in the expectation that useful statistical relationships with more complex measurements will emerge, or that simple measurements can be used to fine-tune prediction equations based on more powerful techniques such as near infrared spectrophotometry. Finally, the nutritive value of grains for poultry will be determined not only by the chemical and physical properties of grains but also by the way that these interact with the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and metabolism in birds. For this reason it is imperative that plant and animal scientists join forces to improve the nutritive value of plant material as feed for animals for the benefit of grain growers and producers of livestock.
PETrA: A Software-Based Tool for Estimating the Energy Profile of Android Applications

Energy efficiency is a vital characteristic of any mobile application, and indeed is becoming an important factor for user satisfaction. For this reason, in recent years several approaches and tools for measuring the energy consumption of mobile devices have been proposed. Hardware-based solutions are highly precise, but at the same time they require costly hardware toolkits. Model-based techniques require a possibly difficult calibration of the parameters needed to correctly create a model on a specific hardware device. Finally, software-based solutions are easier to use, but they are possibly less precise than hardware-based solution. In this demo, we present PETrA, a novel software-based tool for measuring the energy consumption of Android apps. With respect to other tools, PETrA is compatible with all the smartphones with Android 5.0 or higher, not requiring any device specific energy profile. We also provide evidence that our tool is able to perform similarly to hardware-based solutions.
Age and growth of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) of coastal Georgia : An assessment of skeletochronological age-estimates

Loggerhead sea turtles stranded on Cumberland Island (CI), Georgia provide skeletal samples to estimate the ages of individual turtles by skeletochronology. An initial study in 1986 used an average-thickness of humeral cross-section protocol to estimate individual ages and the minimum carapace length (CL) of nesting females to predict the average age at sexual maturity for the CI sample. The original data and two new CI samples are analyzed by average-thickness, correction-factor, and regression-growth protocols to reassess the original age estimates, to test the reliability of the three protocols, and to predict growth rates and age of sexual maturity. All protocols show moderate to high variation in one or more steps of the calculations of the age-estimates. The lowest variation occurs in the correction-factor protocol, and this protocol's assumption for the estimation of the number of resorbed growth layers matches best the observed pattern of bone growth in Caretta. The skeletochronological results show growth patterns (von Bertalanffy model) with asymptotes of 96 - 117 cm curved carapace length (CCL) and growth coefficients of 0.040 - 0.106 for the CI samples. These patterns predict sexual maturity occurring from 20 - 63 yr, assuming 92 cm (SCL) as the mean size at sexual maturity. Growth rate estimates range from 30 - 40 mm yr 1 for 40 - 49 cm SCL turtles to 10 - 35 mm yr 1 for 80 - 89 cm straight carapace length (SCL) turtles.
Egg Development and Larvae of the Rose Bitterling Rhodeus ocellatus (KNER)

The rose bitterling, Rhodeus ocellatus (KNER) is commonly distributed in the fresh waters of Korea and Japan. On January 15, February 15, and March 18 in 1984, mature adults of rose bitterling were caught in the watercourse of Maeri, Kimhae, South Korea. The authors fertilized the eggs employing dry method in the laboratory on May 7, 16 and 25 in 1984. Hatched larvae were reared in small aquariums at (average around ). Mollusks, Anodonta woodiana in the gill chamber of which, rose bitterling lay eggs were caught in order to study natural spawning of the rose bitterling in the same watercourse. The eggs of this species are not adhesive and demersal. The size of the eggs varies from 2.54 to 2.75mm in long diameter and 1.45 to 1.65mm in short diameter. The eggs are cylindrical in form when they are extruded from ovipositor, immediately after entering water, but they acquire their distinctive form of a greatly elongated pear. Hatching took place in ca. 39 hours after fertilization. The newly hatched larvae were in total length possessing yolk sac and 13-14 myotomes. Thirteen days after hatching, the prelarvae attained 6.5 mm in total length, and the first melanophores appeared on the head, and the anterior part and sides of the yolk sac. One month after hatching, the postlarvae attained 8.5mm. in total length and emerged from the gills of the mollusks. Then the yolk sac was completely resorbed. Two months after hatching, the rose bitterling attained 14.4mm in total length, and entered the fingerling period of life. All the rays already present were the D. III, 11-12, A. III, 11-12, P. 10, V. 7. and a distinguishing, feature is the presence of a black pigment spot in the lobe of the dorsal fin.
Development and application of analytical methodologies for trace elements pollution assessment in different compartments of the marine environment

Trace elements (TE) naturally occur in the environment but their inputs have been increasing by anthropogenic activities in the last decades, causing environmental concerns, particularly in coastal ecosystems. TE are toxic and the need of reliable methods for their determination in environmental samples is undeniable. The first part of this PhD was focused on the development and full validation of methods for the analysis of TE in sediments and marine organisms by Solid Sampling High Resolution Continuum Source Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (SSHR-CS-AAS). Second, environmental studies based on these and others methodologies were then performed. A first monitoring survey was performed on sediments (surface and core samples) collected along the Namibian coast. This thesis provides the first baseline of TE contents and historical record of pollution in the area. Significant Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn enrichments were highlighted around the most populated areas, providing a needed baseline for present and future evaluation of the Namibian marine environment. Pb pollutions and their sources were also tracked through the use of Pb isotope ratios. A second monitoring survey was performed on different marine sponges and sediments collected in the French Mediterranean and in the Irish coasts. This work showed that sponges accumulate more TE than sediments in different extents according to species. Arsenic speciation analysis was performed in sponges by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ICP-MS. This special focus on arsenic highlighted the great bioaccumulation of this metalloid in sponges and its biotransformation from inorganic forms to less toxic organic forms.
Electron trajectories and magnetotransport in nanopatterned graphene under commensurability conditions

Commensurability oscillations in the magnetotransport of periodically patterned systems, emerging from the interplay of cyclotron orbit and pattern periodicity, are a benchmark of mesoscopic physics in electron gas systems. Exploiting similar effects in two-dimensional materials would allow exceptional control of electron behavior, but it is hindered by the requirement to maintain ballistic transport over large length scales. Recent experiments have overcome this obstacle and observed distinct magnetoresistance commensurability peaks for perforated graphene sheets (antidot lattices). Interpreting the exact mechanisms behind these peaks is of key importance, particularly in graphene, where a range of regimes are accessible by varying the electron density. In this work, a fully atomistic, device-based simulation of magnetoresistance experiments allows us to analyze both the resistance peaks and the current flow at commensurability conditions. Magnetoresistance spectra are found in excellent agreement with experiment, but we show that a semiclassical analysis, in terms of simple skipping or pinned orbits, is insufficient to fully describe the corresponding electron trajectories. Instead, a generalized mechanism in terms of states bound to individual antidots, or to groups of antidots, is required. Commensurability features are shown to arise when scattering between such states is enhanced. The emergence and suppression of commensurability peaks is explored for different antidot sizes, magnetic field strengths, and electron densities. The insights gained from our study will guide the design and optimization of future experiments with nanostructured graphene.
Nitrogen fixation by marine Cyanobacteria: historical and global perspectives

Marine cyanobacteria have had the attention of botanists and microbiologists for well over a century, and their potential to grow in some nutrient poor environments, possibly through N 2 fixation, had been recognized. However, it was not until the early 1960s that studies directly demonstrated and quantified N 2 fixation by these organisms, and began to place their contribution to N cycling in a broader ecological context. N 2 fixing cyanobacteria have been identified in diverse marine habitats including salt marshes, rocky shores, estuaries, coral reefs, mangroves and in the oligotrophic open ocean. Genera involved in this process in the sea are representative of the full diversity of diazotrophic cyanobacteria including unicellular, filamentous and heterocystous filamentous forms. Cyanobacteria of the nitrogen-limited open ocean have been a particular focus of study. The first marine cyanobacteria directly shown to fix N 2 was Trichodesmium, a planktonic non-heterocystous form. Trichodesmium, which is broadly distributed through the tropical and sub-tropical open ocean, can form massive blooms on the sea surface. Research through the 1970s indicated that it was likely of only regional significance in the marine N cycle. However, more recent results suggest strongly its quantitative role in supplying N to the upper water column of the world's oligotrophic seas may be much greater than previously thought. Furthermore, it has been proposed that marine N 2 fixation by this venerable organism may vary substantially over paleoecological time scales, and this variation may directly affect overall oceanic productivity. The new generation of ocean color satellites should greatly enhance our ability to quantitatively describe the distributions of Trichodesmium populations over broad temporal and spatial scales, particularly with respect to bloom formation. Other cyanobacteria, such as the endosymbiont, Richelia intracellularis, may also provide important N inputs in the open ocean and need to be more closely examined.
In vitro performance at high culture pH and in vivo responses to Fe-deficiency of leaf-derived quince BA 29 (Cydonia oblonga)somaclones regenerated at variable medium pH

Summary The aims of the work were to obtain quince (Cydonia oblonga) BA 29 somaclones tolerant to high culture pH and lime soils, to test the effectiveness of in vitro selection methods based on the selection pressure exerted by pH during regeneration, and to understand the mechanisms for the improved performance under Fe-deficient conditions of eventually tolerant clones. Leaf-derived somaclones obtained at variable medium pH (5.7, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 and 8.0) were compared with each other and with the control (i.e. shoots derived from BA 29 mother plants by standard micropropagation) for their in vitro growth, proliferation, rooting performance and pH-reducing ability at pH 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0, and for their Fe-chelate reductase (FCR) activity and soluble sugar and organic acid accumulation in the roots and leaf chlorophyll content when grown in soiless culture under Fe-efficient and -deficient conditions. Preliminary results on SPAD analysis on leaves of the same plants transferred to lime soil are also reported. The effect of pH selection pressure was not very clear; however, while all the clones hardly grew and proliferated in vitro at pH 8, the somaclones regenerated at pH 7 generally tended to have better growth and proliferation than control and other somaclones at pH 7.5, especially 7-A. In contrast, most of those regenerated at low pH, but 5.7-A, tended to have lower proliferation rates and shorter axillary shoots. Little differences were found in the rooting performances of the clones, although most somaclones seemed more able to reduce the pH than the control. After 10 d in hydroponic culture under Fe-deficient conditions, almost all the somaclones tended to have some FCR induction in the roots; however, it was detected only in 5.7-A and 7-A at day 30. Leaf chlorophyll determinations in soiless culture and lime soil indicated quite good tolerance to Fe-chlorosis for 6-A, 7-A and especially 5.7-A. When the in vitro and in vivo results are considered together, the somaclones 5.7-A, 7-A and 6-A seem the most interesting, their success in growing in Fe-deficient conditions being probably due partially to sorbitol accumulation in the roots, in particular for 6-A and 5.7-A, and also to inositol and citric acid, respectively for 5.7-A and 7-A. However, further plant evaluation on lime soil is needed to verify these preliminary results and to understand whether some of these somaclones can replace the widespread pear rootstock quince BA 29, as more tolerant to lime-induced Fe-chlorosis.
Changes of the intestinal weight and length of ostriches (Struthio camelus var. domesticus) raised in Latvia from day 120 to day 360 of life.

The dynamics of changes of an increase in the ostrich intestinal weight and length in postnatal ontogenesis provides a conception of the feed processing possibilities in some intestinal segments, which, in turn, influences the bird‘s general health condition and production yield. The aim of the research was to find out changes of the small and large intestinal weight and length growth in ostriches from day 120 to day 360 of life. This investigation included 120, 180, 240, and 360 days old 18 ostriches of both sexes, raised in Latvia. The absolute weight and length of the small and large intestine were established. The absolute total weight and length of intestines, the relative weight and length of small and large intestine, and the ratio of small and large intestinal weight to their length were calculated. The obtained data were statistically processed using SPSS 20.0 program. In each age group, the mean arithmetic value and standard error were calculated, and a one-way variance analysis with LSD was used for comparison of data agreement of age groups. The total intestinal weight of ostriches as well as the small and large intestinal absolute weight increased significantly from day 120 to day 240 of life (p<0.05), while further to day 360 there were no marked changes. However, the relative weight of the small and large intestine tended to decrease with ostriches advancing in age. The ratio of the large intestinal weight to that of the small intestine from day 120 to day 360 of life increased linearly from 2.8 to 3.7. The absolute length of ostrich small and large intestine increased significantly from day 120 to day 240 of life (p<0.05). The length of small intestine had a tendency to reduce from 41.8% on day 120 to 36.4% on day 360 of life; whereas the relative length of large intestine at this stage of age tended to grow from 58.2% to 63.6%. The ratio of the large intestinal length to that of the small intestine increased linearly from 1.4 on day 120 to 1.75 on day 360 of life. The total length of intestines increased two times over the research period, but a significant growth was observed from day 120 to day 240 of life (p<0.05).
Some characterizations of magnetic Sobolev spaces

ABSTRACT The aim of this note is to survey recent results contained in Nguyen H-M, Squassina M. [On anisotropic Sobolev spaces. Commun Contemp Math, to appear. DOI:10.1142/S0219199718500177]; Nguyen H-M, Pinamonti A, Squassina M, et al. [New characterizations of magnetic Sobolev spaces. Adv Nonlinear Anal. 2018;7(2):227–245]; Pinamonti A, Squassina M, Vecchi E. [Magnetic BV functions and the Bourgain-Brezis-Mironescu formula. Adv Calc Var, to appear. DOI:10.1515/acv-2017-0019]; Pinamonti A, Squassina M, Vecchi E. [The Maz'ya-Shaposhnikova limit in the magnetic setting. J Math Anal Appl. 2017;449:1152–1159] and Squassina M, Volzone B. [Bourgain-Brezis-Mironescu formula for magnetic operators. C R Math Acad Sci Paris. 2016;354:825–831], where the authors extended to the magnetic setting several characterizations of Sobolev and BV functions.
Productivity, profitability, nutrient uptake and soil health as influenced by establishment methods and nutrient management practices in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa) under hill ecosystem of North East India

To evaluate the effect of different crop establishment methods and nutrient management practices in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) under hill ecosystem, a field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm of Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Jharnapani, Medziphema during kharif season of 2011 and 2012.Three crop establishment methods, viz. SRI (system of rice intensification), ICM (integrated crop management) and CTR (conventionally transplanted rice) were kept in main plots and five nutrient management practices, viz. control, 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 100% RDF + 5 tonnes rice straw/ha, 100% RDN through FYM and 100% RDN through FYM + 5 tonnes rice straw/ha were allotted to sub-plots in a split-plot design and replicated thrice. The result showed that number of panicles/m2, panicle length and test weight were recorded significantly higher under SRI followed by ICM and CTR, whereas, grain yield was recorded higher with ICM followed by SRI than CTR. Among the nutrient management practices, application of 100% RDF + 5 tonnes rice straw/ha recorded significantly higher yield attributes and grain yield of 4.61 and 4.73 tonnes/ha in year 2011 and 2012, respectively and which was followed by 100% RDN through FYM + 5 tonnes rice straw/ha. Higher nutrient uptake (NPK) by grain and straw as well as total uptake were recorded under ICM followed by SRI and CTR. Similarly, higher nutrient uptake by grain and straw was recorded with 100% RDF + 5 tonnes rice straw/ha. The Maximum gross income, net income, benefit: cost ratio were significantly higher in ICM followed by SRI and CTR. Similarly, the maximum gross income, net income and benefit: cost ratio was fetched with 100% RDF + 5 tonnes rice straw/ha followed by 100% RDF.
Utilización de los hollejos de cítrico ensilados o deshidratados como suplemento de ovinos en crecimiento alimentados con morera (Morus alba)

Se realizo una investigacion con ovinos en crecimiento para evaluar el efecto de la suplementacion con hollejos de citrico en una dieta a base de morera a voluntad; los tratamientos fueron: A) forraje de morera; B) forraje de morera + 200 g de cascarilla de citrico deshidratada; y C) forraje de morera + 700 g de ensilaje de hollejo de citrico. Los ensilajes se confeccionaron a partir de hollejos de citrico obtenidos de la prensa hidraulica que antecede a la deshidratacion, y fueron introducidos y compactados de forma manual en bolsas de nailon hermetizadas. El tiempo de conservacion se prefijo en 60 dias. La cascarilla de citrico se obtuvo directamente de las tolvas de almacenaje. Las mediciones realizadas fueron: composicion bromatologica de los alimentos (MS, PB y FB) y a los ensilajes se les midio ademas el pH y el N-NH 3 /Nt (%). A los animales se les evaluo el consumo de MS y de PB y la ganancia de peso vivo. Se alcanzo una mayor ganancia de peso con la suplementacion (118 vs 99 g/animal/dia) y un menor consumo de MS: A) 0,76; B) 0,72; C) 0,66 g, y de PB: A) 0,16; B) 0,13; C) 0,12 g, por cada gramo de peso vivo alcanzado. El balance alimentario mostro un exceso de proteina en las dietas, aunque el equilibrio energia/proteina mejoro con la suplementacion, lo cual se manifesto en los resultados alcanzados. Se concluye que la suplementacion con hollejo de citrico permite un mejor aprovechamiento del potencial nutricional de la morera.
Observations of MeV electrons in Jupiter's innermost radiation belts and polar regions by the Juno radiation monitoring investigation: Perijoves 1 and 3

Juno's “Perijove 1” (27 August 2016) and “Perijove 3” (11 December 2016) flybys through the innermost region of Jupiter's magnetosphere (radial distances <2 Jovian radii, 1.06 RJ at closest approach) provided the first in situ look at this region's radiation environment. Juno's Radiation Monitoring Investigation collected particle counts and noise signatures from penetrating high‐energy particle impacts in images acquired by the Stellar Reference Unit and Advanced Stellar Compass star trackers, and the Jupiter Infrared Auroral Mapper infrared imager. This coordinated observation campaign sampled radiation at the inner edges of the high‐latitude lobes of the synchrotron emission region and more distant environments. Inferred omnidirectional >5 MeV and >10 MeV electron fluxes derived from these measurements provide valuable constraints for models of relativistic electron environments in the inner radiation belts. Several intense bursts of high‐energy particle counts were also observed by the Advanced Stellar Compass in polar regions outside the radiation belts.