Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reading the Tea leaves: A Comparative Analysis of Threat Intelligence

The term “threat intelligence” has swiftly become a staple buzzword in the computer security industry. The entirely reasonable premise is that, by compiling up-to-date information about known threats (i.e., IP addresses, domain names, file hashes, etc.), recipients of such information may be able to better defend their systems from future attacks. Thus, today a wide array of public and commercial sources distribute threat intelligence data feeds to support this purpose. However, our understanding of this data, its characterization and the extent to which it can meaningfully support its intended uses, is still quite limited. In this paper, we address these gaps by formally defining a set of metrics for characterizing threat intelligence data feeds and using these measures to systematically characterize a broad range of public and commercial sources. Further, we ground our quantitative assessments using external measurements to qualitatively investigate issues of coverage and accuracy. Unfortunately, our measurement results suggest that there are significant limitations and challenges in using existing threat intelligence data for its purported goals.
On the Feasibility of Tailoring Copper–Nickel Functionally Graded Materials Fabricated through Laser Metal Deposition

In this study, pulse-width modulation of laser power was identified as a feasible means for varying the chemical gradient in copper–nickel-graded materials. Graded material deposits of 70 wt. %. copper-30 wt. %. nickel on 100 wt. %. nickel and vice versa were deposited and characterized. The 70/30 copper–nickel weight ratio in the feedstock powder was achieved through blending elemental copper and 96 wt. %. Ni–Delero-22 alloy. At the dissimilar material interface over the course of four layers, the duty cycle of power was ramped down from a high value to optimized deposition conditions. This change was theorized to influence the remelting and deposition height, and by extension, vary the chemistry gradient. X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed significant differences in the span and nature of chemistry gradient with varying duty cycles. These observations were also supported by the variation in microhardness values across the interface. The influence of different chemistry gradients on the tensile performance was observed through mini-tensile testing, coupled with Digital Image Correlation (DIC). The strain fields from the DIC analysis showed variations in strain for different chemistry gradients. The strength measurements from these specimens were also different for different chemistry gradients. The site of failure was observed to always occur within the copper-rich region.
Evaluation of the Long-term Properties of Sasobit Modified Asphalt

In this study, Sasobit, as an asphalt modifier, was blended into two base asphalts- Pen 60/80 asphalt and SBS modified asphalt. The additional content of Sasobit was 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% by mass of asphalt. The Rolling Thin Film Oven test (RTFO) and the Pressure Aging Vessel test (PAV) simulate the asphalt's short-term aging and long-term aging separately. Two sets of evaluating systems (Penetration-grade system and Performance-grade system) were conducted on the asphalt's properties in three different aging states (the original state, the short-term aging state, and the long-term aging state). The high temperature properties of asphalt improved, and the lower temperature properties of asphalt declined. The variation trends in the three different states were also expressed by using the linear regression. The durability of the asphalt was evaluated based on these aged trends. It was evident that the durability of asphalt binder was related not only to the additive content but also to the asphalt binder type and aging state.
Not so Normal Normals: Species Distribution Model Results are Sensitive to Choice of Climate Normals and Model Type

Species distribution models have many applications in conservation and ecology, and climate data are frequently a key driver of these models. Often, correlative modeling approaches are developed with readily available climate data; however, the impacts of the choice of climate normals is rarely considered. Here, we produced species distribution models for five disparate species using four different modeling algorithms and compared results between two different, but overlapping, climate normals time periods. Although the correlation structure among climate predictors did not change between the time periods, model results were sensitive to both baseline climate period and model method, even with model parameters specifically tuned to a species. Each species and each model type had at least one difference in variable retention or relative ranking with the change in climate time period. Pairwise comparisons of spatial predictions were also different, ranging from a low of 1.6% for climate period differences to a high of 25% for algorithm differences. While uncertainty from model algorithm selection is recognized as an important source of uncertainty, the impact of climate period is not commonly assessed. These uncertainties may affect conservation decisions, especially when projecting to future climates, and should be evaluated during model development.
Tricuspid Regurgitation Resulting Operative monitoring was started . The patient ’ s arterial From Acute Type A Aortic Dissection

Proximal extension of acute type A aortic dissection can affect the aortic valve but seldom affects the tricuspid valve. We report the case of an octogenarian who underwent successful surgical repair of an aortic dissection that was accompanied by tricuspid regurgitation. We believe that the tricuspid regurgitation was attributable to displacement of the valve resulting from aortic dissection. (Ann Thorac Surg 2014;98:e5–6) 2014 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Shared Experience as Incentive for Horizontal Integration in Business Simulations

We put forth a shared-experience algorithm for business simulations that effects an endogenous incentive to horizontal integration, a merger or acquisition involving two directly competing firms. We propose a measure of integration, and report on the degree of integration in a 357-period simulation exercise involving GEO, an Internet-based, computer-assisted simulation that incorporates the algorithm. At the end of the exercise, the degree of horizontal integration was significantly greater than would be expected from chance. The data did not suffice to determine if the result was a particular response to the endogenous incentive of the algorithm or a general response to other incentives for integration that may have been present. We argue for incorporating an endogenous integration incentive in strategic management simulations even if they should be administered for the typical length of about a dozen periods.
Musculoskeletal Disorders among Emergency Nurses at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are more common among nurses due to the tasks associated with their occupation. The aim of this study was to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders among nurses working at the Accident and Emergency Department, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi. Methods: A purposive, non-probability sampling technique was used in selecting 129 emergency nurses at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital for the study. Online questionnaire was sent to the nurses via email and their responses were received via Smart Survey link. The data collected was analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22. Results: Most of the respondents were between 29 years to 39 years of age. Females constituted 51.0% and 17.1% of the respondents had musculoskeletal disorders. The commonest anatomical region affected was lower back followed by upper back, neck and shoulder. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal disorders are common among nurses working at the Accident and Emergency Department of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital.
The Creation of the Multilateral Trade Court: Design and Experiential Learning

Abstract The creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO)'s dispute settlement system (DSS) in 1995 remains one of the most puzzling outcomes in international politics and international law in the 1990s. We provide a new explanation for this move to law. We argue that important contextual variables of the negotiations have been largely overlooked by existing explanations, namely ‘experiential learning’. While negotiations to create institutions are characterized by uncertainty about distributional effects, negotiators will look for clues that moderate uncertainty. In the context of the Uruguay Round negotiations, a significant amount of information was drawn from actual practice and experience with the existing General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) dispute settlement system. In short, experience gained with judicial institutions and outcomes is important to understand the key results of the negotiations: a legalization leap, more specifically a judicialization of the existing dispute settlement system. We focus on the two dominant actors in the negotiations (the United States and the (then) European Community) and provide evidence for our argument based on an analysis of GATT cases in the 1980s, GATT documents, and in-depth interviews with negotiators who participated in the negotiations.
Genome-wide scan for genes involved in bipolar affective disorder in 70 European families ascertained through a bipolar type I early-onset proband : supportive evidence for linkage at 3 p 14

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Genome-wide scan for genes involved in bipolar affective disorder in 70 European families ascertained through a bipolar type I early-onset proband: supportive evidence for linkage at 3p14. Bruno Etain, Flavie Mathieu, Marcella Rietschel, Wolfgang Maier, Margot Albus, Patrick Mckeon, S. Roche, Carmel Kealey, Douglas Blackwood, Walter Muir, et al.
Dynamics of the Magellanic Clouds in a LCDM Universe

We examine Milky Way-Magellanic Cloud systems selected from the Millennium-II Simulation in order to place the orbits of the Magellanic Clouds in a cosmological context. Our analysis shows that satellites massive enough to be LMC analogs are typically accreted at late times. Moreover, those that are accreted at early times and survive to the present have orbital properties that are discrepant with those observed for the LMC. The high velocity of the LMC, coupled with the dearth of unbound orbits seen in the simulation, argues that the mass of the MW's halo is unlikely to be less than 2 x 10^12 Msun. This conclusion is further supported by statistics of halos hosting satellites with masses, velocities, and separations comparable to those of the LMC. We further show that: (1) LMC and SMC-mass objects are not particularly uncommon in MW-mass halos; (2) the apparently high angular momentum of the LMC is not cosmologically unusual; and (3) it is rare for a MW halo to host a LMC-SMC binary system at z=0, but high speed binary pairs accreted at late times are possible. Based on these results, we conclude that the LMC was accreted within the past four Gyr and is currently making its first pericentric passage about the MW.
Composição mineral dos frutos de cinco cultivares de marmeleiro na região de Alcobaça

The mineral composition of the fruits depends on the species, the nutritional status of the plants, soil fertility, climate conditions and the cultural practices. The present study aimed to evaluate mineral nutrient accumulation in peel and pulp of the fruits of five quince cultivars grown in the Portuguese Region of Alcobaca, to provide information to crop fertilization recommendations. In fresh fruits from quince cultivars, Gamboa, Champion, Giant of Vranja, Fabre and Portugal, the mineral contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B were determined. In peel the obtained range values for macro- and micronutrients, expressed as mg kg - 1 FW, were as folows: N [773; 1124], P [139; 286], K [1188; 1825], Ca [143; 212], Mg [105; 146], S [66; 109], Fe [2.84; 4.47], Mn [0.28; 0.59], Zn [1.59; 3.05], Cu [1.19; 1.83] e B [1.97; 4.35]. In pulp the obtained range values for macro- and micronutrients, expressed as mg kg -1 FW, were as folows: N [343; 661], P [98; 170], K [1151; 1582], Ca [79; 106], Mg [53; 85], S [23; 49], Fe [0.90; 1.17], Mn [0.09; 0.21], Zn [0.92; 1.85], Cu [0.73; 1.05] e B [1.41; 3.06]. According to the obtained results, the fruits of Giant of Vranja and Fabre cultivars demonstrated the highest mineral contents, except for Mn. The level of the mineral nutrient accumulation in peel was always higher than in pulp. Giant of Vranja cultivar presented the highest content of all nutrients in pulp.
The Financial Instability Hypothesis Applied to the 2007 Financial Crisis

The serious dysfunctions observed in the financial markets following the collapse of the mortgage market in the United States have given new life to the ideas of Hyman Minsky,a post-Keynesian economist. Indeed, there are many who believe that thanks to his work, the current financial crisis could have been anticipated. The key mechanism that drives an economy to a crisis is the accumulation of debt during the boom period. The economy becomes more and more fragile. Financial innovations and deregulation in a context of globalization are responsible for this situation. This is an important point of his analysis. This is one of the aspects of the "financial instability hypothesis" (FIH). The other aspect is that during periods of growth, banks and other financial intermediaries try to convince investors to buy debts through sophisticated financial innovations. The role major of financial intermediaries in the crisis process is thus highlighted. Finally, it is possible to show that the current crisis is an application of the Minsky model.
Persistence Heterogeneity Testing in Panels with Interactive Fixed Effects

We consider large N,T panel data models with fixed effects, a common factor allowing for cross‐section dependence, and persistent data and shocks, which are assumed fractionally integrated. In a basic setup, the main interest is on the fractional parameter of the idiosyncratic component, which is estimated in first differences after factor removal by projection on the cross‐section average. The pooled conditional‐sum‐of‐squares estimate is NT consistent but the normal asymptotic distribution might not be centred, requiring the time series dimension to grow faster than the cross‐section size for correction. We develop tests of homogeneity of dynamics, including the degree of integration, that have no trivial power under local departures from the null hypothesis of a non‐negligible fraction of cross‐section units. A simulation study shows that our estimates and tests have good performance even in moderately small panels.
Citizenry Accountability in Autocracies

Abstract Do the citizens have a role in constraining policies in autocratic governments? Usually the political and economic literature model autocracy as if the citizens have no role in constraining leader’s behavior, but actually autocratic government are afraid of possible citizens’ revolts. In this paper we focus on contemporary China to analyze how citizens might induce an autocratic government to adopt congruent policies. Although there is no party or electoral competition, the leader fears deposition by coup d’etat of the selectorate and revolutionary threats from citizens. We build a three player political agency model to study the role of both these constraints and we show that the effectiveness of the selectorate and of revolutionary threats are crucial factors in determining the policy outcomes. In particular, we show that the citizens can effectively discipline the leader because of the revolution threat notwithstanding the selectorate size, but this may result in a failed state when the costs of revolting and the selectorate size are small. As the size of the selectorate and the costs of revolution vary dramatically across countries, our result explain why different types of autocracies arise. In particular our model and results provide a useful framework to interpret China policy in the last twenty years.
Comparison of Travel-time statistics of Backscattered Pulses from Gaussian and Non-Gaussian Rough Surfaces

Travel-time statistics of backscattered pulses from Gaussian and non-Gaussian (Rayleigh and Exponential) surfaces are studied and compared in this paper. It is found that in both cases (the Gaussian and non-Gaussian surfaces), the probability distributions of the first and the second travel times are all only determined by a dimensionless parameter. Moreover, this study also found that the proportional relations between the dimensionless parameter and the median values of the first and the second travel times are remarkably different for Gaussian and non-Gaussian cases. Then the statistical parameters of the rough surface can be estimated from travel-time statistics of backscattered pulses above if the probability distributions of the surface elevation and slope (PDSES) are known in advance. However, PDSES are often unknown in most of practical applications, and little work has been applied to the problem of specifying the statistical characteristic of the rough surface in advance (Gaussian or non-Gaussian). To solve this problem, on the basis of the relations between the median values of travel times and the altitude of source, a new theoretical method is proposed to judge the rough surfaces with Gaussian, Rayleigh and Exponential distributions. It is believed that the method proposed in this paper will be helpful to improve the estimate accuracy the parameters of a rough surface. Key-Words: probability distribution, travel time, backscatter, random surface.
Regulation of cytochrome P 450 mRNA expression in primary porcine hepatocytes by selected secondary plant metabolites from chicory ( Cichorium intybus L . )

Chicory (Cichorium intybus) has been shown to induce enzymes of pharmacokinetic relevance (cytochrome P450; CYP). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of selected secondary plant metabolites with a global extract of chicory root, on the expression of hepatic CYP mRNA (1A2, 2A19, 2C33, 2D25, 2E1 and 3A29), using primary porcine hepatocytes. Of the tested secondary plant metabolites, artemisinin, scoparone, lactucin and esculetin all induced increased expression of specific CYPs, while esculin showed no effect. In contrast, a global extract of chicory root decreased the expression of CYP1A2, 2C33, 2D25 and 3A29 at high concentrations. The results suggest that purified secondary metabolites from chicory affect CYP expression and thereby might affect detoxification in general, and that global extracts of plants can have effects different from individual components. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Geppetto: Enabling Semantic Design of Expressive Robot Behaviors

Expressive robots are useful in many contexts, from industrial to entertainment applications. However, designing expressive robot behaviors requires editing a large number of unintuitive control parameters. We present an interactive, data-driven system that allows editing of these complex parameters in a semantic space. Our system combines a physics-based simulation that captures the robot's motion capabilities, and a crowd-powered framework that extracts relationships between the robot's motion parameters and the desired semantic behavior. These relationships enable mixed-initiative exploration of possible robot motions. We specifically demonstrate our system in the context of designing emotionally expressive behaviors. A user-study finds the system to be useful for more quickly developing desirable robot behaviors, compared to manual parameter editing.
Learning multilingual topics through aspect extraction from monolingual texts

Texts rating products and services of all kind are omnipresent on the internet. They come in various languages and often in such a large amount that it is very time-consuming to get an overview of all reviews. The goal of this work is to facilitate the summarization of opinions written in multiple languages, exemplified on a corpus of English and Finnish reviews. To this purpose, we propose a framework that extracts aspect terms from reviews and groups them to multilingual topic clusters. For aspect extraction we work on texts of each language separately. We evaluate three methods, all based on neural networks. One of them is supervised, one unsupervised, based on an attention mechanism and one a rule-based hybrid method. We then group the extracted aspect terms into multilingual clusters, whereby we evaluate three different clustering methods and juxtapose a method that creates clusters from multilingual word embeddings with a method that first creates monolingual clusters for each language separately and then merges them. We report on our results from a variety of experiments, observing the best results when clustering aspect terms extracted by the supervised method, using the k-means algorithm on multilingual embeddings.
Astrophysics with Presolar Stardust

▪ Abstract Meteorites and interplanetary dust particles contain presolar stardust grains: solid samples of stars that can be studied in the laboratory. The stellar origin of the grains is indicated by enormous isotopic ratio variations compared with Solar System materials, explainable only by nuclear reactions occurring in stars. Known presolar phases include diamond, SiC, graphite, Si3N4, Al2O3, MgAl2O4, CaAl12O19, TiO2, Mg(Cr,Al)2O4, and most recently, silicates. Subgrains of refractory carbides (e.g., TiC), and Fe-Ni metal have also been observed within individual presolar graphite grains. We review the astrophysical implications of these grains for the sciences of nucleosynthesis, stellar evolution, grain condensation, and the chemical and dynamic evolution of the Galaxy. Unique scientific information derives primarily from the high precision (in some cases <1%) of the measured isotopic ratios of large numbers of elements in single stardust grains. Stardust science is just now reaching maturity and wi.