Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia in Pilonidal Sinus Surgery: A Prospective Randomized Single-Center Clinical Study

Objectives: Regional anesthesia techniques may be preferred to general anesthesia for pilonidal sinus surgery due to difficulties related to the prone position under general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to compare spinal anesthesia (SA) and epidural anesthesia (EA) with respect to perioperative and postoperative side effects and postoperative pain. Methods: A total of 100 American Society of Anesthesiologist class I or II patients underwent pilonidal sinus surgery. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups of SA (n=50) or EA (n=50). The perioperative and postoperative side effects related to anesthesia and postoperative pain level were compared between the groups. Results: There was a significant difference with respect to the maximal sensorial height of block (EA: L1-L3; SA: T7-T11; p<0.001). The duration of the sensorial block was significantly longer in the EA group (290±23 minutes) compared with the SA group (215±6 minutes). No patient in the EA group developed motor block. There was no significant difference between the groups in the side effects related to anesthesia. The postoperative pain level was evaluated with the Visual Analogue Scale in the postoperative recovery room and at 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. None of the patients in either group required analgesic treatment for first 6 hours after the surgery. There was significantly less postoperative pain in the EA group compared with the SA group, except at the sixth hour, but the clinical difference was small. Conclusion: EA may be preferred to SA due to better postoperative pain control and the absence of a motor block.
Preoccupations and Worries in Women with Breast Cancer: A Qualitative Study

Aims: As one of the most prevalent cancers among women, breast cancer can severely affect the patients psychologically. Worry and anxiety can be one of these effects. Hence, this study is conducted to evaluate the most important worries and preoccupations of women with breast cancer. Methodology: In this qualitative study, 14 women with breast cancer under treatment are selected from Tehran's clinics and Shohada hospital and 7 psychotherapists and counselors are selected from consultation centers in Tehran in 2016 using purposive sampling method. The patients were interviewed using group-focused method and the therapists were interviewed individually using indepth interview. The data was recorded and along with data collection, the results were analyzed using content analysis. Original Research Article Ghahari et al.; JPRI, 24(2): 1-7, 2018; Article no.JPRI. 40229 2 Results: Future uncertainty and ambiguity were the main themes found in this study. The subthemes also included lack of control, prediction of loss and psychological insecurity. Conclusion: Women with breast cancer have many worries and the main themes of these worries include ambiguity, future uncertainty and secondary themes include insecurity, prediction of loss and vulnerability.
Compare and clinically evaluate bilaminar technique using connective tissue graft and platelet rich fibrin in the management of multiple miller’s class I gingival recession: A Six Months Comparative study

BACKGROUND: Many surgical techniques have been proposed for the correction of root exposure. Among these the Connective Tissue Graft (CTG) techniques has been reported as offering the best results in terms of Root coverage (RC). However CTG require a second surgical site to harvest the graft, resulting in discomfort for the patient. The use of platelet concentrate (PRF) avoids need for second surgical site, and is enriched with growth factors. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the present study to compare and clinically evaluate Bilaminar technique using Connective Tissue Graft (CTG) and Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) in the management of multiple Miller’s class I gingival recession situations. MATERIALS & METHODS: Twenty patients (age group 18-40 years) were selected from the outpatient department of Periodontics , Ragas Dental college & Hospital, Chennai-119, with probing depth <3mm and seeking treatment for Miller’s class I multiple gingival recessions were enrolled into this study. The selected patients were randomly assigned to one of either group. Group-A (TEST group) using Platelet Rich Fibrin and Group-B (CONTROL group) using connective tissue graft. All the patients were treated with Bilaminar technique. Baseline to 3 months and 6 months post-surgery following parameters were recorded, Probing depth, Relative clinical attachment level, Recession depth, Width of keratinised gingiva, and Gingival phenotype. The data were statistically analysed and the significance were co-related. RESULTS: Mean Recession depth, Relative clinical attachment loss and Probing depth were reduced in both the groups, but between groups it was statistically significant towards control group, from baseline to 6 months’ time period. There is no any significant relation between and within groups in regarding Width of keratinised gingiva. But the gingival phenotype showed statistically significant difference between and within groups. CONCLUSION: From the above study, it was elicited that PRF was not able to achieve predictable root coverage; only increasing in gingival biotype is seen. Thus in spite of limitations CTG remains the GOLD STANDARD, in recession coverage.
Expression and Activity of CYP2C8 and 2C9 in Diabetes Mellitus and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) are two highly prevalent and related diseases. Research have shown that they can affect the expression and activity of enzymes integral in the clearance of xenobiotics. Such enzymes include the Cytochrome P-450 isoforms 2C8 and 2C9. Our objective is to study the effect of these diseases on CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 using in vitro tools.
Oncoxin-Viusid with Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: Results from a Phase II, Randomised, Double-Blind Study

Objective: Antioxidant supplements seem to reduce toxicity associated with radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) in patients with head and neck (H&N) cancers. Ocoxin-Viusid (OV) has recognized antioxidant, immunostimulant, and anti-tumor effects. Our study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of OV in patients with H&N tumors during treatment with RT and CT. Methods: A total of 60 patients with a diagnosis of H&N carcinoma and indication of radiotherapy concurrent with chemotherapy were included in a phase II, randomized, prospective, controlled, double-blind study with two treatment arms: RT+CT+Placebo (n=30) and RT+CT+OV (n=30) during one year at a tertiary referral academic center (National Institute of Oncology from Havana, Cuba) from January 2015 to January 2016, with the objective of evaluating RT-CT toxicity reduction and improving patient quality of life. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in regard to male predominance; median age of 60, histological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx in locally-advanced stages. The experimental OV group obtained better results insofar as a lower number and duration of interruptions in RT and lower severity of RT-CT toxicity levels, with acceptable local tumor control and overall survival in accordance with the clinical stage of the disease. No adverse effects were recorded in relation to the OV supplement. Conclusion: Our results suggest that administration of ocoxin-viusid during radiotherapy and chemotherapy improves patient quality of life by decreasing the number and level of toxicities from these treatments without interfering with their mechanism of action.
New oral anticoagulants

Oral antikoagulanlar gunumuzde bircok hastaligin seyrinde gorulebilen tromboembolik olaylarin engellenmesinde ve tedavisinde cok onemli yeri olan ilaclardir. Varfarin vitamin k antagonistlerinden en cok bilinen ve kullanilan oral antikoagulanlardir. Varfarin ile yapilan tedavi ve takiplerinde gorulen zorluklarindan dolayi yeni oral antikoagulanlar olarak bilinen ilaclar ortaya cikmistir. Yeni oral antikogulanlar, koagulasyon kaskatinda bazi faktorlerin yapi ve islevlerini bozarak antikoagulan etki gostermektedirler. Monitorizasyon gerektirmemesi, sabit dozda kullanimi, hasta uyumu ve takip kolayligi gibi bircok avantajlari vardir. Yeni oral antikoagulanlar ile yapilan buyuk calismalarin meta-analizlerine bakildiginda, tromboembolik olaylardan koruma ve tedavisinde varfarinden asagida kalmadigi, hatta bazi durumlarda ustun oldugu saptanmistir. Bu ajanlarin kullanim kolayligi ve avantajlarindan dolayi emboli ve iskemik olaylardan korunma ve tedavisinde hizli bir sekilde yer bulmus ve yayginlasmistir. Bu nedenle bu ilaclarin kullanimi, tedavideki yerleri, takipleri, olasi yan etkileri ve en onemlisi kanama komplikasyonlarinin yonetimi iyi bilinmeli ve uygulanmalidir.
THE EFFECT OF BIPOLAR RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION (NOVASURE ENDOMETRIAL ABLATION SYSTEM) ON ENDOMETRIAL THICKNESS AND BLEEDING IN PATIENTS WITH PREMENOPAUSAL BLEEDING

Background: Ablation of the endometrial lining of the uterus as an alternative to hysterectomy was found to be a less invasive and aggressive method. A large number of clinical trials, as well as retrospective analysis of clinical and financial data, has shown that endometrial ablation allows for a lower morbidity and mortality rate and significantly lower procedure costs. Worldwide, endometrial ablation is increasingly being adopted by the gynecological community. Aim of the Work: to study the effect of bipolar radiofrequency ablation system on endometrial thickness and bleeding in patients with premenopausal bleeding. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on: 30 women with premenopausal bleeding not responding to medical treatment. All subjects enrolled in the study were asked to give an informed written consent after explaining the nature, steps and aim of the study. The approval of Medical Ethics Committee was obtained. Results: the net results after treatment, the majority of the patients was improved (83.3%), 19 of them was complete recovery (63.3%) while 6 cases (20.0%) had minor bleeding, 4 cases (13.3%) had bleeding less before treatment, while only one case had no change.Conclusion: Bipolar radiofrequency ablation performed under local anaesthetic in the postmenstrual phase is an effective and efficient method of treating the majority of women who wish conservative surgical treatment for heavy menstrual loss.
Comparative organ dose levels for dentomaxillofacial examinations performed with computed tomography, cone beam CT and panoramic radiographs

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiation dose delivered to radiosensitive organs (thyroid, parotid glands and eye lens) during dentomaxillofacial imaging with multislice computed tomography (CT), cone beam CT (CBCT) and panoramic radiographs (orthopantomography, OPT). The dose was estimated individually for each modality and each clinical protocol by measuring the absorbed dose at the surface of a head phantom with thermoluminescence dosimeters. The measured radiation dose was between 0.01–1.22 mGy for the thyroid gland (systematically outside the primary beam), 1.34–29.11 mGy for the parotid glands (systematically exposed to the primary beam) and 0.02–26.22 mGy for the eye lens (in the primary beam depending on imaging protocol). For all organs, CT was found to be the most irradiating modality followed by CBCT and OPT. However, CBCT with a “limited dental” protocol and OPT deliver similar doses to the parotid glands.
Knowledge about epidemiological determinants of rabies and its prevention amongst medical interns of Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India

Background: Rabies is one of the most important zoonotic diseases in India. About 99% of all human deaths from rabies occur in the developing nations. Dogs are the main reservoir of rabies in India. It is invariably fatal if proper treatment is not instituted promptly. One of the important factors associated with successful treatment is the knowledge of the caregiver in the proper management of animal bites and rabies vaccination. Hence the present study was conducted to assess the knowledge about epidemiological determinants of rabies & its prevention amongst medical interns.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 76 interns of a Private Medical College in Marathwada region of Maharashtra during the period of September to October 2018. Pre-designed, pre-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was entered in MS Excel sheet and analyzed accordingly.Results: Out of 76 interns, there were 36 (47.3%) males and 40 (52.7%) females. Majority 61(80.3%) were Muslims followed by 14(18.4%) were Hindus. About 68.4% interns correctly knew that the route of administration of vaccination could be either intra-muscular or intra-dermal (p=0.0220). About 1/4th i.e. 25% interns didn’t know about incubation period of rabies in human (p=0.0079). However, 29(38.2%) interns didn’t know about exact site of administration of rabies immunoglobulin is at wound site.Conclusions: The present study concluded that there were significant gaps in the knowledge about prevention of rabies which needs to be overcome immediately with proper training.
Investigating Chronotherapeutic Interventions for the Treatment of Depression

Major depressive disorder is one of the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric disorders, and has widespread negative impacts on both the individual and on society. Current standard treatment options for depression have significant limitations, including side effects, contraindications, and barriers to accessing care. Chronotherapies, which make use of sleep and circadian rhythms, provide a promising alternative treatment route for depression. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), bright light therapy (BLT), and combined chronotherapies used to treat depression were systematically reviewed. Both CBT-I and BLT have evidence to support their efficacy in treating depression; combined therapy including sleep deprivation, BLT and/or sleep phase advance may also be effective. We propose a novel combined chronotherapeutic treatment, consisting of telehealth CBT-I and BLT, which we believe would be efficacious, accessible, and which would help to relieve the considerable burden of depression in Canada.
MIGRATING SHOREBIRDS AND HABITAT DYNAMICS AT A PRAIRIE WETLAND COMPLEX

We examined the responses of migrating shorebirds to habitat dynamics in a wetland complex on the Great Plains during 1989-1992. Availability of habitat was variable within and between seasons, but fluctuations in habitat were dampened when wetlands were considered as a complex rather than individually. Shorebirds exhibited an ability to colonize available habitat opportunistically, to occupy wet mud/shallow water habitats that became available during their residency period regardless of wetland history, and to use wet mud/shallow water habitat almost immediately upon its appearance. We found a significant relation between number of shorebirds and the area of wet med/shallow water habitat, regardless of dramatic changes in habitat. Management for continental stop- over sites for shorebirds requires the maintenance of complexes of potential habitat to assure resource alternatives for birds as local conditions vacillate. Received 11 Jan. 1993, accepted
Promoting early childhood development through a public programme: Wawa Wasi in Peru

This paper presents the results of a Young Lives study into the impact and perceptions of the Programa Nacional Wawa Wasi, a Peruvian government programme for impoverished children aged six to 48 months. Up to eight children spend five days a week at a Wawa Wasi centre where they are assisted by a carer carefully selected from the local community. The results suggest that children who have spent at least six months at a centre have similar indicators in gross motor, language and fine motor development to children who have stayed at home. Interviews with several key actors indicated a positive outcome: centres are environments where children are kept safe and fed nutritious meals, freeing mothers of worries and enabling them to work or study. However, Wawa Wasi’s goal of improving children’s development is not sufficiently prioritised. There is a need for Wawa Wasi managers to strengthen early learning components of the programme, to enhance the skills of those who provide care and to recognise the dedication of paid carers and volunteers who have contributed to Wawa Wasi’s success.
Employing E-Learning to promote smoking cessation care: development and evaluation of a tailored e-learning program to support practice nurses to optimally adhere to evidence-based-smoking cessation guidelines

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Beetles, fungi and trees: A story for the ages? Modeling and projecting the multipartite symbiosis between the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, and its fungal symbionts, Grosmannia clavigera and Ophiostoma montium

Beetles, Fungi and Trees: A Story for the Ages? Modeling and Projecting the Multipartite Symbiosis Between the Mountain Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, and Its Fungal Symbionts, Grosmannia clavigera and Ophiostoma montium
Subcutaneous Rituximab in Follicular Lymphoma, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, and Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Rituximab and hyaluronidase human is a new subcutaneous formulation of rituximab that was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of adults with follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. With data to support noninferior pharmacokinetics, similar outcomes, and comparable adverse events, rituximab and hyaluronidase human may offer a suitable alternative to intravenous rituximab that could improve convenience for patients and better utilize health-care resources.
Assessment of muscle activation capacity : methodological considerations of muscle mechanics and implications for testing

Muscle activation capacity assessment could be affected by the mechanical behaviour of the muscle, but this aspect has received little attention. Understanding the effect the muscle’s mechanical behaviour has on muscle activation capacity assessment can be paramount in achieving a better understanding of muscle function. The aim of the present Thesis was to examine the methodological implications of the mechanical behaviour of the muscle during muscle activation capacity assessment. Four studies were designed to examine the effect of the muscle-tendon unit on a) muscle activation capacity calculation methods and number of stimuli used, by manipulating quadriceps muscle length and consequently stiffness, b) stimulation intensity required and associated discomfort, by examining whether a lower than supramaximal stimulation intensity threshold, sufficient to stretch the muscle-tendon, exists, and c) the interplay between muscle mechanics and activation, by manipulating the testing position on the dynamometer, stabilisation and concurrent activation of remote muscles. Isometric knee extensions were used for all studies, and electrical stimuli was delivered to the muscle to quantify muscle activation capacity or induce muscular contractions by circumventing the voluntary neural drive. The results showed that a) altered muscle stiffness affects muscle activation values depending on the calculation method and number of stimuli used, suggesting caution to testing where muscle stiffness is likely to change, b) a lower stimulation intensity exists that can reduce subject discomfort while obtaining valid activation capacity results, widening the application of electrical muscle stimulation, and c) muscle activation must be considered in musculoskeletal models for more accurate predictions but the level of activation will ultimately depend on how stabilised the muscle is. Collectively, these results demonstrate the considerable effect muscle mechanics have on muscle activation capacity and that muscle strength assessment must take into account this aspect for more accurate inferences on muscle function.
Anemia, erythropoietin and iron in heart failure

In this thesis, two comorbidities have been studied that are very prevalent in patients with heart failure. Both comorbidities exacerbate the already low oxygen transport in these patients: anemia and iron deficiency. It is known that both anemia and iron deficiency have profound effects on the quality of life and prognosis of patients with heart failure. Because of that, both are considered interesting targets of treatment. Anemia is often treated using erythropoietin (EPO) injections. The benefits hereof are limited while it bears the risk of severe side effects. I show that one fourth of patients with heart failure does not respond well to EPO, and that it is difficult to predict which patients this will be. Additionally, I show that subjects from the general population, who produce high EPO levels, have more cardiovascular risk factors and are at increased risk of developing heart failure. In part two, I constructed a reliable definition for iron deficiency using the gold standard of bone marrow iron staining as a reference. Using these bone marrow iron stainings, I studied different causes of iron deficiency. I showed that these distinct forms have diverse consequences for patients with regard to symptoms and prognosis. In human cardiac muscle cells, I induced iron deficiency which caused cells to have an impaired contraction and relaxation. This could be almost fully restored after the supplementation of iron. Finally, I used genetic data to provide evidence that a higher iron storage protects from the development of coronary artery disease.
Evaluation of health literacy rate of postmenopausal women covered by Mashhad health centers in 2018

Background and objective: Health literacy is one of the social components of health, which plays a vital role in health education and health promotion. The lack of awareness of women and the low level of literacy and its complications reduce the quality of life in postmenopausal women. The key to solving this problem is only to educate women with the right methods of learning. Considering its importance, this study was conducted to determine the health literacy among postmenopausal women in Mashhad.Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive-analytic study. The statistical population consisted of 425menopausal women aged between 45and65 years old. The cluster sampling method was performed. The tools used for demographic and adult literacy questionnaires were short forms. The results were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and correlation and chi-square tests in SPSS₂₄ software.Results: The average literacy rate between the target groups was 54. 06Â±20.69 out of100, which is equivalent to the borderline level. In this study, 47.8of the subjects were inadequate, 17.2 borderline and 35.1 adequate level of health literacy.Conclusion: The overall health literacy score in the sample population indicates that a high percentage of women do not have good health literacy. It should be noted that women need to have enough information to judge whether their symptoms need to be treated and how to monitor medical care in order to empower the group for menopause and its complications. In this regard, awareness of this group about menopause and its complications requires essential interventions. Â