Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infrared Rheo-Optics of Bombyx Mori Fibroin Film by Dynamic Step-Scan FT-IR Spectroscopy Combined with Digital Signal Processing

Recently developed dynamic step-scan FT-IR spectroscopy combined with software-based digital signal processing (DSP) was applied for infrared rheo-optical measurements of isotactic polypropylene and regenerated Bombyx mori silk fibroin film undergoing sinusoidal mechanical strain. Comparative measurements of dynamic infrared spectra of polypropylene film using the DSP-based method and two lock-in amplifiers (LIAs) indicated that a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) advantage is attained by the DSP method compared with the LIA method. With the DSP technique, dynamic spectra of Bombyx mori silk fibroin film with high SNR were successfully recorded in the whole mid-infrared region in only 30 min. The dynamic spectra revealed that stress-induced dynamic reorientation in fibroin film is mainly localized in the segment with β-sheet conformation and is almost synchronous with the applied mechanical strain. Two-dimensional (2D) correlation analyses of the dynamic spectra showed that (1) the broad amide I band is resolved into three components whose positions are dependent on secondary structures, (2) the dynamic behavior of tyrosine residues was extracted by separation of the feature due to its aromatic side chains from the broad envelope of the amide I band in the 2D asynchronous map, and (3) the dynamic behavior of the amide A and B modes is the same as that of the amide II mode, when the mechanical strain is applied to fibroin film.
The Inverse Skin Effect

The axial current density in an infinite cylindrical conductor is calculated as a function of radius and time. In the problem studied the total axial current is specified as a function of time. The case of a rigid conductor is studied first, and the analysis is extended to the case of a radially expanding or contracting cylinder such as occurs in a linear pinched plasma. The radial velocity is assumed proportional to the radius, while the outside radius of the conductor is a general but specified function of time. It is shown that the variation of total current with time can give rise to distributions of current density which bear no resemblance to the normal skin effect. In fact, an inverse skin effect or even reversal of current may occur. This latter effect causes a reversed pinch force and perhaps eventual break-up near the surface of a plasma. Some special total current profiles are used to illustrate these features.
Sanayi Devrimlerinin Tarihsel Arka Planı ve İşgücü Becerileri Üzerindeki Yansımaları

In this article, the effect of transition from traditional industrial societies to “Industry 4.0” and the effects of the turns on the skill transformations of the workforce are examined comparatively. Within the context of the historical background of the industrial revolutions, the paradigms that have changed within the framework of the industrial societies and trigger the transformation of the quality of the workforce have been discussed. Looking at the historical background of the industrial transformation, it is seen that there are witnesses to the big waves of change that have made this transformation or expressed as a turning point. In fact, these transformations and milestones are key waves according to some authors, while they are vanishing ahead of themselves, and according to some authors, conversions are said to be complementary parts. The fourth wave of industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) has an impact not only on labor markets, but also on social changes. Therefore, the first, second, third and fourth industrial revolutions we witnessed today have had important social, economic, cultural and political implications. Particularly, the reflections of the transformations within the scope of Industry 4.0 on the labor market in the future will be striking.In this article, firstly, the historical process of industrial revolutions is discussed. In this context, the structure of business organizations and changing employment has been examined. On the other hand, the impact of industrial revolutions on workforce skills and the impact of Industry 4.0 on workforce skills are discussed.
ATOFMS Characterization of Individual Model Aerosol Particles Used for Exposure Studies

Given growing concerns over the observed relationship between ultrafine particles and adverse human health effects, there is a major need in the community performing human/animal exposure studies for methods that can be used for the generation of high concentrations of ultrafine particles (<100 nm) with controllable compositions. The Palas spark discharge generator (Palas GFG 1000) is commonly used to generate “soot-like” particles for such studies. However, before such methods can be used routinely in the lab, it is important to assess the chemical variability and reproducibility of the ultrafine particles produced using such techniques. The goal of this study involves performing the on-line assessment of the chemical variability of individual ultrafine and fine (50–300 nm) particles produced by a Palas generator. The aerodynamic size and chemical composition of 12C and 13C elemental carbon (EC), composite iron–carbon (Fe-12C), and welding particles were analyzed using aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and in general highly reproducible single-particle mass spectra were obtained. When using pure graphite (12C) electrodes, EC particles were produced with sizes peaking in the ultrafine mode and 96% of the mass spectra containing distinct Cn + (n = 1–3) envelopes at m/z 12, 24, and 36. In contrast, the size mode of the particles generated from isotopically labeled 13C graphite electrodes peaked in the accumulation mode, with 73% of the particles producing EC carbon ion cluster patterns at m/z 13 (13C+), 26(13C2 +), and 39 (13C3 +), with additional organic carbon species at m/z 15 (CH3 +), 27 (C2H3 +/CHN+), 43 (C3H7 +/CH3CO+), m/z 58 (C3H8N+), and 86 (C5H12N+). Observed differences between the 12C and 13C particle spectra are most likely due to their different surface properties, with 13C particles more effectively adsorbing semivolatile organic species originating in the particle-free dilution air. Homogeneous metal particles were also generated from Fe-12C and welding rods with almost all (92% and 97%, respectively) of the spectra showing reproducible Fe/Mn/Cr and Fe/12C ion ratios.
Barriers to technological innovations of SMEs: how to solve them?

Purpose This study aims to analyze the inhibiting factors of small and medium enterprises (SMEs’) technology innovation, supporting institutions for SMEs technology innovation development, SMEs’ technology innovation development model and strategies for developing SMEs in technology innovation. Design/methodology/approach This is a mixed-method research project conducted through a survey of SMEs in Riau Province, Sumatera Indonesia (primarily in the districts of Siak, Kampar and Pelalawan) from April to July 2019. SMEs that have been operating for at least five years were chosen purposively as samples. Based on the requirement, there are 277 entities used in this study. A focus group discussion (FGD) was also conducted to formulate SME models and development strategies in technological innovation. In addition, in-depth interviews and observations were also carried out on technological innovations undertaken by respondents. Findings It was found that there are five inhibiting factors of SMEs’ technology innovation: government support, quality of human resources, funding of technological innovation, economic conditions and business partners. The biggest inhibiting factor remains to be the funding of technological innovation. Therefore SMEs provide independent technological innovation costs to develop technological innovations for business sustainability. Supporting institutions for developing SME technology innovation consist of government institutions, private institutions, financial institutions (banks) and nonbank financial institutions. To survive and excel amid competition, SMEs need to pay attention to technological innovation. The business strategy that needs to be done is to improve services to consumers and improve their attitude toward innovation in the implementation and development of SMEs’ businesses. Research limitations/implications This research is limited to research on the inhibiting factors for SME technology innovation from the aspect of the production sector. This research has not studied various business fields in the trade, service and digital SME sectors. Future studies can reveal factors inhibiting SME technological innovation, except production aspects and various SME business fields. In addition, this study has not analyzed the cost of technological innovation provided by SMEs. Therefore, future studies could also reveal the large costs of technological innovation provided by SMEs. Originality/value This research investigates barriers hindering the SMEs’ technological innovations in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia as a maritime country. It also formulates strategies to reduce the barriers to SME’s technological innovation and contributes to the development of knowledge of technological innovations in SMEs. Moreover, this paper involves investigating government support from a nonfinancial aspect. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this aspect has not been much discussed by studies on innovation at SMEs till now.
Teaching Virtual and Cross-Cultural Collaborations: Exploring Experiences of Croatia- and U.S.-Based Undergraduate Students

Two important characteristics of contemporary teamwork are working with colleagues from diverse cultural backgrounds and working in virtual teams. Hence, preparing students to successfully navigate through the business world must include developing these two skills. To investigate learning for both cross-cultural and virtual collaboration, we conducted a cross-cultural virtual team experiential exercise with 635 undergraduate students comprising 189 teams. The exercise was part of Organizational Behavior classes at three university campuses—two in the United States and one in Croatia. Data analysis examining skills development and efficacy demonstrated a significant increase in virtual team efficacy for all students and a significant increase in cross-cultural efficacy for students in Croatia. Qualitative results point to differences in key lessons learned between U.S. and Croatian students, such as communication skills, time management skills, and intensity of the experience. We provide a description of the exercise, lessons learned, and suggestions for future use, including adaptations to smaller class sizes.
The unaccomplished mission of reducing mortality in patients on kidney replacement therapy

Abstract Six years ago, a comprehensive review by the EURECA-m working group of the ERA-EDTA thoroughly addressed the drivers of mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Not unexpectedly, the key global driver of early death in these patients was the lack of access to kidney replacement therapy. However, and contrary to the expectations of non-nephrologists, mortality was still high when kidney replacement therapy was provided. This was due to excess cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality, and the need to further characterize correctable risk factors and eventually test the impact of correcting them was emphasized. In this issue of ckj, seven reports address risk factors for death in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD), dialysis and kidney transplant patients. They characterize irreversible (e.g. sex; age; genetic variants of the KL gene encoding the anti-ageing protein Klotho) and reversible (obesity; mineral and bone disorder parameters; anti-depressant drugs, especially those that increase the QT; amputation; public health investments) factors associated with mortality of CKD patients on or off kidney replacement therapy.
Assessing the potential efficacy of marine cloud brightening for cooling Earth using a simple heuristic model

Abstract. A simple heuristic model is described to assess the potential for increasing solar reflection by augmenting the aerosol population below marine low clouds, which nominally leads to increased cloud droplet concentration and albedo. The model estimates the collective impact of many point-source particle sprayers, each of which generates a plume of injected particles that affects clouds over a limited area. A widely-used aerosol activation scheme is used to derive cloud droplet concentration as a function of the sub-cloud aerosol size distribution and updraft speed, and a modified version of Twomey's formulation is used to estimate radiative forcing. Plume overlap is accounted for using a Poisson distribution assuming idealized elongated cuboid plumes that have a length driven by aerosol lifetime and wind speed, a width consistent with satellite observations of ship track broadening, and a depth equal to an assumed boundary layer depth. The model is found to perform favorably against estimates of brightening from large eddy simulation studies that explicitly model cloud responses to aerosol injections over a range of conditions. Although the heuristic model does not account for cloud condensate or coverage adjustments to aerosol, in most realistic ambient remote marine conditions these tend to augment the Twomey effect in the large eddy simulations, with the resulting being a modest underprediction of brightening in the heuristic model. The heuristic model is used to evaluate the potential for global radiative forcing from marine cloud brightening as a function of the quantity, size, and lifetime of salt particles injected per sprayer and the number of sprayers deployed. Radiative forcing is sensitive to both the background aerosol size distribution in the marine boundary layer into which particles are injected, and the assumed updraft speed. Given representative values from the literature, radiative forcing sufficient to offset a doubling of carbon dioxide ΔF2xCO2 is possible but would require spraying over 50% or more of the ocean area. This is likely to require at least 104 sprayers to avoid major losses of particles due to near-sprayer coagulation. The optimal dry diameter of injected particles, for a given salt mass injection rate, is 30–60 nm. A major consequence is that the total salt emission rate (50–70 Tg/yr) required to offset F2xCO2 is a factor of five lower than the emissions rates required to generate significant forcing in previous studies with climate models, which have mostly assumed dry diameters for injected particles in excess of 200 nm. With the lower required emissions, the salt mass loading in the marine boundary layer for F2xCO2 is dominated by natural salt aerosol, with injected particles only contributing ~ 10%. When using particle sizes optimized for cloud brightening, the aerosol direct radiative forcing is shown to make a minimal contribution to the overall radiative forcing.
Time-resolved quantum beats in the fluorescence of helium resonantly excited by XUV radiation

We report on the observation of time-resolved quantum beats in the helium fluorescence from the transition 1s3p → 1s2s, where the initial state is excited by XUV free electron laser radiation. The quantum beats originate from the Zeeman splitting of the magnetic substates due to an external magnetic field. We perform a systematic study of this effect and discuss the possibilities of studying this phenomenon in the XUV and x-ray regime.
Electrocaloric Cooling: A Review of the Thermodynamic Cycles, Materials, Models, and Devices

Electrocaloric is a novel emerging not-in-kind cooling technology based on solid-state materials exhibiting the electrocaloric effect, i.e., the property of changing their temperature because of an adiabatic change in the intensity of the electric field applied. This technology has only attracted the interests of the scientific community in the last two decades, even though it has the main feature of being based on eco-friendly materials that, because of their solid-state nature, do not provide a direct contribution in global warming. Even if some steps have already been taken, the research fields connected to electrocaloric cooling are still open: The identification of the most appropriated thermodynamic cycle, electrocaloric refrigerants, as well as the development of efficient cooling systems. To this purpose, this review paper provides a snapshot of the electrocaloric world and compares the progress made by the inherent scientific community in all the connected fields: the thermodynamic cycles, materials, experimental devices, numerical models, energy performances and prospective cooling applications.
Fitting Together the Evolutionary Puzzle pieces of the Immunoglobulin T Gene from Antarctic Fishes

Cryonotothenioidea is the main group of fishes that thrive in the extremely cold Antarctic environment, thanks to the acquisition of peculiar morphological, physiological and molecular adaptations. We have previously disclosed that IgM, the main immunoglobulin isotype in teleosts, display typical cold-adapted features. Recently, we have analyzed the gene encoding the heavy chain constant region (CH) of the IgT isotype from the Antarctic teleost Trematomus bernacchii (family Nototheniidae), characterized by the near-complete deletion of the CH2 domain. Here, we aimed to track the loss of the CH2 domain along notothenioid phylogeny and to identify its ancestral origins. To this end, we obtained the IgT gene sequences from several species belonging to the Antarctic families Nototheniidae, Bathydraconidae and Artedidraconidae. All species display a CH2 remnant of variable size, encoded by a short Cτ2 exon, which retains functional splicing sites and therefore is included in the mature transcript. We also considered representative species from the three non-Antarctic families: Eleginopsioidea (Eleginops maclovinus), Pseudaphritioidea (Pseudaphritis urvillii) and Bovichtidae (Bovichtus diacanthus and Cottoperca gobio). Even though only E. maclovinus, the sister taxa of Cryonotothenioidea, shared the partial loss of Cτ2, the other non-Antarctic notothenioid species displayed early molecular signatures of this event. These results shed light on the evolutionary path that underlies the origins of this remarkable gene structural modification.
Effect of O3/H2O2 molar concentration ratio at different pH values on cyclophosphamide degradation

The effect of O 3 /H 2 O 2 liquid phase molar concentration ratio at different pH on cyclophosphamide degradation rate was evaluated. The combination of O 3 /H 2 O 2 leads to an increase of cyclophosphamide degradation rate, compared with single ozonation at the same pH and ozone dosages. It was found that cyclophosphamide degradation rate with O 3 /H 2 O 2 depends on pH for the molar concentration ratios under study, the fastest degradation being observed for molar concentration ratio near 3.4 at pH 7 (80% degradation in 3 minutes). Pseudo-first order reaction rate constants for cyclophosphamide degradation were determined under the experimental conditions of this study. Cyclophosphamide was not detected after 15 minutes of reaction, but only a partial mineralization was obtained, evidenced by a total organic carbon removal lower than 60%. By attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, 4-ketocyclophosphamide was identified as one of the main reaction products at pH 7 and 3.4 molar concentration ratio.
Impact of medical home-consistent care and child condition on select health, community, and family level outcomes among children with special health care needs

ABSTRACT Using the 2009/2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN), we investigated the impact of medical home-consistent care and child condition on five outcomes for CSHCN (n = 32,299). Models suggested that medical home-consistent care predicted increased odds of preventive services receipt, no unmet health or family support needs, ease of use of community-based services, and shared decision-making. Despite these positive effects, disparities persisted based on insurance, condition complexity, and household income. These findings illustrate the positive impacts of medical home-consistent care on children yet remind health professionals of the unique family circumstances that ultimately impact health and wellbeing.
Torsades de Pointes and Prolonged Self-Terminating Ventricular Fibrillation Induced by Amiodarone

A 71-year-old man with a recent diagnosis of pneumonia developed paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and was admitted to the cardiology service. Amiodarone was administered intravenously to restore sinus rhythm. Significant prolongation of the QT interval (QTc = 640ms) was noted and an exceedingly prolonged (over 3 minutes), self-terminating, episode of ventricular flutter/fibrillation occurred during bedside monitoring. The event was terminated without first converting to a more organized ventricular rhythm and without any adverse neurological sequelae. Apart from the long duration of ventricular fibrillation and its spontaneous termination, our case highlights the importance of the continuous heart rhythm monitoring in patients with extreme QT interval prolongation.
Directivity of acoustic signals from partial discharges in oil

For partial discharges in oil, the relationship between the apparent discharge magnitude, electrically measured in picocoulombs, and the acoustic signal amplitude from the same discharge, shows large variations. If the acoustic signal is detected with several detectors simultaneously, it is found that the acoustic amplitudes are correlated in a relatively narrow angular range. For larger angular separation, the acoustic amplitudes are uncorrelated and not anticorrelated. Some physical aspects of streamers in oil are illuminated by this observation and some theoretical considerations. The streamer velocity may, for example, be estimated.
A Search for Polarized Thermal Emission from Directly Imaged Exoplanets and Brown Dwarf Companions to Nearby Stars

Aerosols in the atmospheres of cloudy gas giant exoplanets and brown dwarfs scatter and polarize these objects’ thermal emission. If such an object has an oblate shape or nonuniform cloud distribution, the net degree of linear polarization can show an increase ranging from several tenths of a percent to a few percent. Modern high-contrast imaging polarimeters are now poised to detect such low-polarization signals, opening up a new window into the rotational velocities and cloud properties of substellar companions to nearby stars. In this paper, we present the results of a near-IR survey searching for linearly polarized thermal emission from a sample of two planetary-mass companions and five brown dwarf companions using GPI and SPHERE-IRDIS. We probe the subpercent linear polarization regime that typifies polarized free-floating brown dwarfs and place limits on each object’s degree of linear polarization. We relate our upper limits on each target’s degree of linear polarization to its rotation rate, and place our results in the context of rotation rates measured using high-resolution spectroscopy.
High-temperature phase transitions of gallium orthophosphate (GaPO4)

Phase transitions of gallium orthophosphate (GaPO4) have been studied by thermal analysis between ambient temperature and 1100°C. In situ X-ray powder diffraction at selected temperatures confirmed the three known polymorphic structure types of low-quartz, low-cristobalite and high-cristobalite GaPO4, respectively. Whereas the as-synthesized powder retained its low-quartz structure up to 970°C, powders cycled up to 1100°C exhibited three phase transitions (low-cristobalite → (≈620°C) high-cristobalite → (≈800°C) low-quartz → (≈970°C) high-cristobalite) while heating up and one phase transition (high-cristobalite → (≈590°C) low-cristobalite) while cooling down. However, the high-cristobalite/low-quartz heating transformation was found to be kinetically hindered. Isothermal in situ X-ray powder diffraction revealed a remarkable temperature dependence of this reaction kinetics.