Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT OF BERBERIS ARISTATA ROOT IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS.

Summary Berberis aristata DC root is used in traditional medicine for a number of ailments including antibacterial, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities etc. The study was conducted to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the ethanolic extract of root of B. aristata at two dose levels of 100 and 200mg/kg bw in sucrose challenged normal as well as in rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes. Oral application of extracts at doses of 100 and 200mg/kg bw, significantly (p<0.05) lowered the plasma glucose levels in normal as well as diabetic rats. Antihyperglycemic effect of extract at a dose of 200mg/kg bw was more pronounced and causes maximum fall of blood glucose level to 22.9% (p<0.05) and 29.4% (p<0.01) respectively with the two doses in normal and 30.3% (p<0.01) and 48.4% (p<0.001) in diabetic rats after 3 hrs and 6 hrs of treatment in normal and diabetic rat respectively. The findings of the present study suggest that the ethanolic extract B. aristata produced significant antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat which is comparable to metformin (a standard oral hypoglycaemic agent). Keyword: Berberis aristata, antihyperglycemic, metformin, streptozotocin
In vivo and in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a tool for investigating hepatobiliary disease: a review of 1H and 31P MRS applications

Abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a non‐invasive technique, which allows the study of cellular biochemistry and metabolism. It is a diverse research tool, widely used by biochemists to investigate pathophysiological processes in vitro and, more recently, by physicians to determine disease abnormalities in vivo. This article reviews the basics of the NMR phenomenon and summarises previous research on the hepatobiliary system using both laboratory‐based and clinical methodologies. The role of proton and phosphorus‐31 (31P) NMR spectroscopy in the study of malignant and non‐malignant liver disease and studies of bile composition are discussed. In vivo techniques (magnetic resonance spectroscopy, MRS) can be performed as an adjunct to standard MR examination of the liver. Although still primarily a research tool, the in vivo technique provides non‐invasive biochemical information on disease severity and holds promise in its use to gauge response to treatment regimens.
TRYPANOSOMIASIS IN NON - DESCRIPT DOG: A CASE REPORT

Introduction Trypanosomes are extra-erythrocytic, protozoan parasites of domestic and wild animals. This disease is generally acute and fatal in canines (Soulsby, 1982). It is characterized by fever, anemia, myocarditis, hemorrhages on the mucosal and serosal surfaces and less commonly corneal opacity (Urquhart et al. 2002). It is generally spread by biting tabinid flies (Barr et al. 1991; Urquhart et al. 2002). Trypomastigote constantly changes its surface glycoprotein hence, there is persistent parasitemia and hence the parasites continue to multiply sub clinically and spread to other parts of the body primarily through macrophages (Urquhart et al. 2002; Barr et al. 2002). Anemia is an important feature of this disease, in which red blood cells are lysed and removed by the phagocytic cells (Urquhart et al. 2002). This paper reports the occurrence of trypanosomiasis in a dog and its effect on some blood parameters.
Variables affecting canalith repositioning maneuver (CRM) trend for treating patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify variables affecting outcome in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) treated with canalith repositioning maneuver (CRM). Methods: This interventional study was conducted on 58 patients (14 males, 44 females, mean age 48.12+13.22) referred to the Vertigo Rehabilitation Clinic of the Rehabilitation School of Tehran University of Medical Sciences from 2002 to 2004. All patients were treated with CRM. According to the treatment efficacy the patients were allocated in three groups: completely treated, partially treated, and not treated. The effect of factors including age, sex, etiology, duration of BPPV, unilateral or bilateral disease, number of maneuvers, and number of sessions on outcome in patients was evaluated. Results: Forty-nine patients (84.5%) were completely cured. Age, sex, etiology, and duration did not significantly affect the treatment outcome. Unilateral BPPV can be treated significantly better than bilateral BPPV. Forty-seven patients who were completely treated needed 1 session and thirty-seven of them required 2 maneuvers. Conclusion: CRM is significantly effective for BPPV treatment. Treating unilateral BPPV is expected to be easier. As most of the patients will be cured by 1 or 2 maneuvers or in 1 session, patients who required more sessions or more maneuvers may not be completely treated.
The temporal dynamics of coordinated decision-making in biological systems

Notch signalling is widely used throughout development in the determination of cell fates and maintenance of progenitors in many developmental systems. In this thesis, nonlinear ordinary differential equation models and discrete delay differential equation models of the Notch signalling pathway are investigated mathematically to understand the dynamics of cell-fate determination. We use linear stability analysis to find conditions for when oscillatory dynamics can be observed in bistable systems. We compare how this can be achieved for each type of model, and demonstrate how this affects the temporal dynamics of the decision-making process. The models are then extrapolated to a larger population scale to understand how the size and geometry of the population can affect the rate at which cells can determine their fate, and the ratio of alternate cell types. We also show conditions for when stable global oscillations can exist without bistability. Finally, we use vertex-based modelling to introduce Notch signalling into a proliferating population of cells, to demonstrate how the timescales of proliferation and cell-fate determination interact. Specifically, we show that both the rate of proliferation and the presence of oscillatory dynamics can affect the rate of differentiation, supporting results in current literature.
Oops! Another medication error : a literature review of contributing factors and methods to prevent medication errors

The purpose of this bachelor's thesis was to chart scientific research articles to present contributing factors to medication errors done by nurses in a hospital setting, and introduce methods to prevent medication errors. Additionally, international and Finnish research was combined and findings were reflected in relation to the Finnish health care system. Literature review was conducted out of 23 scientific articles. Data was searched systematically from CINAHL, MEDIC and MEDLINE databases, and also manually. Literature was analysed and the findings combined using inductive content analysis. Findings revealed that both organisational and individual factors contributed to medication errors. High workload, communication breakdowns, unsuitable working environment, distractions and interruptions, and similar medication products were identified as organisational factors. Individual factors included nurses' inability to follow protocol, inadequate knowledge of medications and personal qualities of the nurse. Developing and improving the physical environment, error reporting, and medication management protocols were emphasised as methods to prevent medication errors. Investing to the staff's competence and well-being was also identified as a prevention method. The number of Finnish articles was small, and therefore the applicability of the findings to Finland is difficult to assess. However, the findings seem to fit to the Finnish health care system relatively well. Further research is needed to identify those factors that contribute to medication errors in Finland. This is a necessity for the development of methods to prevent medication errors that fit in to the Finnish health care system.
EARLY PREDICTION OF NEUROPATHIC WRIST ARTHROPATHY IN EGYPTIAN LEPROTIC PATIENTS

Hypothesis: Leprosy is a chronic dermatologic and neurologic condition caused by the organism, an obligate intracellular acid fast bacillus with a predilection for dermal and neural cells (John, 2006). Objective: We investigated the early prediction of the neuropathic wrist arthropathy in Egyptian leprotic patients. Methodology: Thirty six leprotic patients (26 males & 10 females) their ages ranged from 15-60 years with mean (44.83+16.75) and the disease duration ranged from 1-35 years with mean (15.70+4.70) in addition to thirty control subjects(22 males & 8 females) their age ranged from 12-58 years with mean (32.03+11.99) were included in the study . Careful history examination with a special attention to family history, Neurological examination and Rheumatological & Radiological examination of both wrists joints, ESR, CBC, RF, urine & stool analysis and kidney & liver functions. Results: the wrist joints are highly significantly involved in the patients group than in the control group with a higher predilection to the sensory impaired patients than the motor impaired patients. Conclusion: We can conclude that the radio carpal joints may be affected by neuropathic arthropathy in leprotic patients with sensory impairment.
Effects of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaffarian (KOM) extract on blood lipid in Balb/c mice

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: فلاونوییدها یک گروه از ترکیبات پلی فنولیک با خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی می باشند و به کاهش خطر بیماری های قلبی عروقی کمک می کند. کرفس کوهی (Kelussia odoratissima Mozoffarian) گیاهی است حاوی فلاونویید که در این تحقیق اثر آن بر کاهش چربی خون در موش سوری مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 70 سر موش بالغ سوری نژاد Balb/c به 5 گروه 14 سری تقسیم شدند. به گروه 1 (کنترل) غذای معمولی، گروه 2 غذای معمولی به علاوه روغن زیتون، گروه 3 غذای با درصد کلسترول بالا (کلسترول 5+روغن زیتون)، گروه 4 رژیم پر کلسترول به همراه عصاره هیدروالکلی 10 کرفس کوهی و به گروه 5 رژیم پر کلسترول به همراه عصاره های هیدروالکلی 20 کرفس کوهی به مدت دو هفته داده شد. در پایان دو هفته از موش ها خونگیری و فاکتورهای چربی خون شامل کلسترول، تری گلیسرید، لیپوپروتیین با دانسیته پایین (LDL)، لیپوپروتیین با دانسیته بسیار کم (VLDL)، لیپوپروتیین با دانسیته بالا (HDL) و قند خون ناشتا ( ( FBSاندازه گیری و اطلاعات با کمک آزمون آماری کروسکال والیس مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: بدنبال دو هفته تغذیه با عصاره گیاه کرفس کوهی سطوح تمام لیپیدهای سرم شامل کلسترول، HDL، VLDL، LDL و تری گلیسرید و قند خون ناشتا در گروه با عصاره هیدروالکلی 10 گیاه کاهش معنی داری داشت (05/0P
Abstract 685: Comparative Effect of Statins vs Niacin on MRI Measured Regression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in a Randomized Clinical Trial: The NIA Plaque Study

Background: Increased levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) correlate with decreased risk of cardiovascular events. Extended release (ER) niacin has been demonstrated to increase HDL levels. The effect of ER niacin in addition to statin based therapy on atherosclerosis regression remains unclear. Methods: 157 patients over age 65 with clinically evident atherosclerosis were randomized to receive either ER niacin 1500 mg daily or a placebo. All patients received statin therapy as needed to reach NCEP ATP III-revised LDL targets. The right and left internal carotid arteries (ICAs) were imaged in T2 weighted black blood sequences using a 1.5 T MR scanner. Carotid wall plaque was measured at baseline and every 6 months on therapy.117 participants (74%) completed 18 months of follow up. Results: ER niacin, in comparison to placebo, resulted in significantly lower LDL (67 mg/dL vs 77 mg/dL, p =0.03) and higher HDL (58 mg/dL vs 49 mg/dL, p Conclusions: Treatment of this secondary-prevention population with statin therapy with and without ER niacin produced significant reduction in carotid atherosclerosis. The addition of ER niacin, despite relative improvements in HDL and LDL cholesterol, did not provide further benefit.
Evaluation of Clinical Diagnostic Criteria of Atopic Dermatitis and Serum IGE Levels in Patients with Chronic Eczema.

Introduction: Eczema is an inflammatory skin reaction which presents as acute, sub acute and chronic forms. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a type of chronic or chronically relapsing eczematous skin disorder. In this study, we aimed to determine the percentage of AD in patients of chronic eczema by using Hanifin and Rajka criteria (HRC), estimate serum IgE levels and determine its correlation with chronic eczemas and clinical parameters of HRC. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients with chronic eczema meeting defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this study after taking informed consent. Patients were examined for major and minor clinical parameters for AD using HRC and were tested for absolute eosinophil count (AEC) and total serum IgE levels. Results: AD was present in 34% of chronic eczema patients. Serum IgE level was raised in 58% of chronic eczema and 68.7% of AD patients. Increased AEC level was seen in 75.86% patients. Raised serum IgE levels showed a specific association with 3 parameters of HRC, typical morphology and distribution of lesions, early age of onset and perifollicular accentuation. Conclusion: AD (64%) was the commonest cause for chronic eczema. Pruritus, xerosis, elevated serum IgE and AEC levels, and non-specific hand and/or foot dermatitis showed significant association with AD. Serum IgE levels was raised in 58% of chronic eczema patients and showed significant association with typical morphology& distribution of lesions, early age of onset and perifollicular accentuation. Hertoghe’s sign was observed in 26% of chronic eczema and 28.1% of AD patients. Brown body hair was present in 21.8% of AD patients. This was an observation made solely in this study and has not been defined in any of the previous studies.
Impact of Dialysis Adequacy on Patient Outcomes

Introduction: Numerous studies have confirmed the association between the delivered dose of haemodialysis and patients outcomes. There is thus some evidence regarding the relationship between dialysis dose and quality of life. Objective: The study was designed to assess dialysis adequacy using urea kinetic modelling parameters and to determine the association between dialysis dose and patient outcomes. Methods: A retrospective review of the demographic and biochemical data of 61 patients on chronic haemodialysis in the year 2003 was performed and a prospective component was added to the study for quality of life and evaluation of cardiovascular comorbidity. Results: The mean delivered dose Kt/V was 1.34 ± 0.25. There was a statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) between dialysis dose and the following parameters: haemoglobin, physical dimension and its 3 scales, the SF-36 overall score, as well as between dialysis dose and sepsis. Conclusion: The dialysis dose correlated with a significant number of parameters including Hb and the physical components of the SF-36; hence, the importance of measuring the delivered dialysis dose of patient on maintenance dialysis in accordance with DOQI guidelines for improved patient outcomes is confirmed.
Enabling participation of students through school-based occupational therapy services: Towards a broader scope of practice

Both students with disabilities and their typically-developing peers exhibit alarming participation deficits that involve many occupational areas of their school experience. Enabling participation in school-related occupations as the goal of school-based occupational therapy services invokes practice breadth. However, the documented focus of practice appears narrow, and there is an apparent paucity of evidence to describe how school participation is enabled. This paper discusses the complex concept of participation and how it can be applied in the school setting, while drawing upon occupational therapy elements. Redirecting attention towards participation can expand the scope of school-based occupational therapy to its intended broad perspective.
INVOLVEMENT OF LUNG AND LUNG FUNCTION TESTS IN STONE QUARRY WORKERS

3Summary: The workers employed in stone quarries, which is an unorganised sector of industry, are exposed to variable silica dust concentration at their work place, A Very large extent of respiratory morbidity and lung function impairment is observed in this group of employees. A cross-sectional study was carried out to study the respiratory morbidity and lung function involvement in this group. This study has found 32.5% prevalence of respiratory morbidity In stone quarry workers, on the basis of radiological appearance. However, no case of silicosis was detected. The impairment of lung function was significantly associated with increasing age, duration of dust exposure, smoking status and presence of chronic obstructive airways disease on radiological appearance. However, the measured dust concentration levels were found to be in permissible range. Thus, It can be concluded from this study that even low dust level exposure for longer duration can result In lung and lung function involvement. Hence, stone quarry workers, because of their occupational exposure to silica dust, are at increased risk of lung and lung function Involvement.
Biochemical Parameters Variations in Type–II Diabetes Mellitus: Special Reference in Rewa Region

Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) Type –II occurs at any age, but is more common between 40–80 years of age and also has a strong genetic component. India tops the world diabetes list with 31.7 million diabetic patients and this is likely to rise to 79.4 million by the year 2030. Over ninety percent of these have Type –II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Type –II diabetes mellitus is closely related to life style factors, including diet, physical activities, alcohol and smoking, as well as obesity and a family history of diabetes. Lipotoxicity also has been implicated as an acquired cause of impaired beta-cell function, as individuals progress from impaired glucose tolerance to overt Type – II diabetes mellitus. The clinical materials for present study comprised 59 patients are attended in outdoor department or admitted in the department of medicine ward and 50 ages matched healthy individual control groups. Clinical investigations performed for serum glucose, Cholesterol, HDL–cholesterol, LDL–cholesterol, and triglycerides. Obtained data were analyzed statistically by using student “t” test.
Disacusia sensorioneural autoimune em criança: relato de caso

A disacusia sensorioneural autoimune e reconhecida como uma das poucas causas reversiveis de perda auditiva sensorioneural. Acomete na grande maioria das vezes mulheres entre 30 e 40 anos, sendo extremamente raro em criancas. O diagnostico baseia-se no quadro clinico, testes laboratoriais, bem como resposta satisfatoria a corticoterapia. O exame audiologico nao apresenta caracteristicas tipicas. Neste trabalho os autores descrevem o caso de um menino de sete anos com diagnostico de disacusia sensorioneural autoimune.
Peer support as a resilience building practice with men

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present findings from an evaluation of a community mental health resilience intervention for unemployed men aged 45-60. The focus is on examining the place of facilitated peer support within a multi-dimensional men’s mental health programme, and exploring implications for resilience building delivery approaches for men. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on a mixed methodology design involving before and after survey data and qualitative interviews, to report results concerning effectiveness in changing men’s perceived resilience, to consider project processes concerning peer support, and to situate these within wider community environments. Findings – The programme significantly raised the perceived resilience of participants. Project activities promoted trusting informal social connections, gains in social capital arose through trusting relations and skill-sharing, and peer-peer action-focused talk and planning enhanced men’s resilience. Research limi.
Secular and Longitudinal Trends in Body Weight in a Large Population of Veterans, 2000-2014

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in the United States and globally, and impacts many aspects of health. To understand the contribution of body weight to chronic diseases such as diabetes, it is necessary to characterize secular and longitudinal weight trends prior to evaluating the weight effects that may result from medical interventions. The cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) indicates that mean body weight in the adult population increased from 152 lb (69 kg) to 181 lb (82 kg) between 1959 and 2008. However, there are no previously published studies on secular or longitudinal weight trends in a veteran population.
Effect of UMMB Supplementation on Milk Production in Buffaloes and Cows: an on Farm Trial

In an on farm trial in a village in hill region of Uttaranchal, DM intake and milk yield of 10 buffaloes and 5 crossbred cow fed on grass hay and home made concentrate mixture consisting locally available feeds were recorded for 3–4 months. Thereafter, the diet of these animals was supplemented with UMMB (CP 62.30%) following with gradual reduction in concentrate mixture (40%) for a period of 6 weeks. The DM intake was improved (P<0.01) in buffaloes (19.67%) and in cow (20.95%) following the UMMB supplementation, which had a manifestation in improved (P<0.01) milk yield in buffaloes (35.97%) and cows (33.8%), however, no significant changes in body weight were recorded. The average consumption of UMMB in buffaloes and cows was 400 and 300 g/day, respectively. It was concluded that UMMB supplementation to lactating dairy animals, especially for buffalo in hill region was beneficial for economical milk production.
Assessment of utilization of antenatal care services and their associated factors in slums Of Varanasi.

Research Questions: What is the status of utilization of ANC? What are the associated factors among the female having live birth during last 24 months in Varanasi slums? Methodology: A cross sectional survey was carried out in five randomly selected slums of the Varanasi city. In 600 surveyed households 487 female had a live birth in the last 24 months. c2 /Fishers exact test have used to establish the association between ANC status and associated factors. Results: Only 11.5% female had utilized the ANC services completely 18.1% visited more than only 42.3% received TT vaccine and majority of population were illiterate whereas only 10.3% had more than 10 years of education. It was found that education (p=0.001) place of delivery (p=0.001) number of visits (p=0.000) caste (p=0.040) and parity (p=0.048) were significantly associated with complete ANC. Conclusion: Immediate steps need to be taken to educate the females about maternal and child health programmes and motivate them to utilize ANC services.
Effects of standing workstations on occupational sedentary behaviour and metabolic health in office workers: A single-case study design

9 Chapter 1. Metabolic syndrome and sedentary behaviour 10 1.1. Background and aims of this study 11 1.2. Format of this thesis 12 1.3. Rationale for study design 13 1.4. Metabolic syndrome 14 1.4. 1. Definition 14 1.4. 2. Clinical outcomes and burden of disease 16 1.4. 3. Prevalence 17 1.4. 4. Features of metabolic syndrome 19 1.4. 5. The metabolic effects of sitting down 21 1.5. Sedentary behaviour 22 1.5. 1. Defining sedentary behaviour 22 1.5. 2. The “sitting epidemic” and occupational sedentariness 23 1.5. 3. Measuring sedentary behaviour 24 1.6. Sedentary behaviour and health outcomes 26 1.6. 1. Psychological health 26 1.6. 2. Cancer risk 27 1.6. 3. Prolonged sitting and metabolic health 28 1.6. 4. Mechanisms of harm in sedentary behaviour 30 1.7. Conclusion 31 Chapter 2. Changing behaviour through standing workstations. A review of the literature . 33 2.