Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infiltration model and numerical simulation of the soil water movement in furrow irrigation

Based on unsaturated soil water movement theory,the mathematical model of furrow irrigation is developed to understand the characteristic of Two-dimensional soil water movement in furrow irrigation.The simulation results are verified by the laboratory experiments and agreed well with the experiments measurement values,which shown that the mathematical model can be used to study the two-dimensional soil water infiltration in furrow irrigation.The soil wetted volume characteristic of furrow irrigation are simulated and analyzed under different factor combination by this model,the results indicate that soil initial water content and furrow spacing have slight effect on the accumulation infiltration quantity of furrow irrigation,meanwhile the soil character,bulk density,water depth and bottom width have obvious effect on the accumulation infiltration quantity.The bottom width and soil initial water content have a littler influence on the wetting pattern and the wetting soil movement migration,but the soil character and bulk density have a great influence on it.The water depth and furrow spacing have an effect on the water contribution near the zero flux plane,the vertical moist front migration has accelerated after interference infiltration near the zero flux plane.Taking these results as the foundation,the two-dimensional infiltration model for furrow irrigation was established which contained the wetted perimeter.
Factors Affecting Climate Change Accounting Disclosure Among Saudi Publicly List Firms on the Saudi Stock Exchange Market*

This study’s goal is to investigate the effects of board size, the number of annual board meetings, the profitability of the company, and the audit Committee on the disclosure of climate change in Saudi companies listed on the stock exchange. It was conducted to evaluate affecting some factors on carbon emissions by the regression model. The study uses the content analysis method. Data was collected from the annual and sustainability reports, and the platform database Refinitiv, an LSEG (London Stock Exchange Group Company) for the period 2018 to 2021. The study sample is 51 companies. The study findings showed Saudi Arabia saw its first significant overall drop in CO2 emissions with a 22.61 MtCO2 decline (3.93%) in 2018. The study revealed a positive connection between the size of the director’s board, and the disclosure of carbon emissions in Saudi firms listed on the stock market. While other factors are not related to the number of director’s board meetings, the audit committee, and the profitability of the company on the disclosure of carbon emissions in the Saudi companies listed on the stock exchange.
ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository

: Faecal sludge reuse could promote responsible waste management and alleviate resource shortages. However, for this reuse to be carried out at scale, it needs to be ﬁnancially viable. This paper reviews the ﬁnancial values of resource recovery from 112 data points from 43 publications from academic and grey literature. The results found 65% of the existing literature is projected rather than being based on observed data from products in practice, with limited studies providing actual experiences of revenue in practice. Some of the estimates of the potential value were ten times those observed in data from operating businesses. Reasons for this include pricing of products against unrealistic competitors, for example, pricing briquettes against diesel fuel, or di ﬃ culties in marketing or regulation of products in practice. The most common form of reuse in practice is agricultural composting, which is also the lowest value product. Few cases were able to achieve more than $5 / person / year from sludge reuse, therefore other drivers are needed to promote proper human waste disposal, including the health and dignity of citizens, but which are not easily monetised. Certiﬁcation and recognition of product safety can improve the perception of value and products.
Allelopathic effects of Sphaeranthus suaveolens (Forssk) DC and Argemone mexica na L leaf crude extract on Zea mays L germination and growth

) DC. and Argemone mexica na L. plant species are agricultural weeds that threaten crops and native plant diversity in East Africa, particularly in Tanzania. Yet, there have been few studies to assess whether their allelopathic effects inhibit plant germination and growth. Experiments were carried out in petri dishes and pots to investigate the inhibition effects (here referred to as negative allelopathy) of S. suaveolens leaf (SsL) and A. mexicana leaf (AmL) crude extracts on Zea mays L germination and seedling growth. Zea mays seeds and seedlings were treated with different crude concentrations of SsL and AmL to investigate their inhibition potential. The results showed that SsL and AmL crude extract concentrations delayed and/or reduced Z. mays germination, particularly at higher concentrations (70% and 100%). At these higher concentrations, few seeds germinated compared to the number of seeds germinated at lower concentrations (0%, 25%, and 50%). Further, it was found that Z. mays growth vigour was negatively affected as evinced by lower stem and root lengths, diameters, and total fresh biomass at higher concentrations of SsL and AmL. Although this study demonstrates the allelopathic effect of S. suaveolens and A. mexicana on Z. mays germination and growth, it also recommends further laboratory and field research experiments to investigate their allelopathic effects on other crops and native plants. However, this study advises that the management and control of these weeds be taken into account as their inhibitory effects could subsequently lead to a loss of plant diversity and crop productivity.
The Evolution of Natriuretic Peptide Augmentation in The Evolution of Natriuretic Peptide Augmentation in Management of Heart Failure and the Role of Sacubitril/valsartan Management of Heart Failure and the Role of Sacubitril/valsartan

Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditures in the US and worldwide. For three decades, the pillars of treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were medications that targeted the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Prior attempts to augment the natriuretic peptide system (NPS) for the management of HF failed either due to lack of significant clinical benefit or due to the unacceptable side effect profile. This review article will discuss the NPS, the failure of early drugs which targeted the NPS as therapies for HF, and the sequence of events which led to the development of sacubitril plus valsartan (Entresto; LCZ696; Novartis). LCZ696 has been shown to be superior to the standard of care available for treatment of HFrEF in several substantial hard endpoints including heart failure hospitalizations, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality.
The role of a mantle plume in the formation of Yellowstone volcanism

The origin of the Yellowstone volcanic province remains debated. Proposed hypotheses involve either a mantle plume or not. Recent tomographic images allow a quantitative evaluation of the plume hypothesis and its interaction with the Farallon slabs. Using 4‐D geodynamic models with data assimilation, we find that the slab is always in the way of the initially rising plume and that the plume could reach the surface only through the broken slab hinge at ~15 Ma. For most of the time, the sinking slabs dominate the mantle flow and prohibit upwelling. We find that a plume that satisfies the present mantle image beneath Yellowstone fails to predict both voluminous hot materials at shallow depths beneath the western U.S. and the age migration of the hot spot tracks. We suggest that a plume is likely to have much less influence on the Yellowstone volcanism than previously thought.
Enhancing Model Skill by Assimilating SMOPS Blended Soil Moisture Product into Noah Land Surface Model

AbstractMany studies that have assimilated remotely sensed soil moisture into land surface models have generally focused on retrievals from a single satellite sensor. However, few studies have evaluated the merits of assimilating ensemble products that are merged soil moisture retrievals from several different sensors. In this study, the assimilation of the Soil Moisture Operational Products System (SMOPS) blended soil moisture (SBSM) product, which is a combination of soil moisture products from WindSat, Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT), and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite sensors is examined. Using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), a synthetic experiment is performed on the global domain at 25-km resolution to assess the impact of assimilating the SBSM product. The benefit of assimilating SBSM is assessed by comparing it with in situ observations from U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) and the Surface Radiation Budget Network (SURFRAD). Time-averaged sur.
Learner engagement

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings This paper investigates how engagement benefits learning, and the relationship between the content, the learner, and the instructor; with a focus on online learning and instructional design. Learners are responsible for their learning, but the instructors’ role is essential in enhancing engagement and thus learning via effective teaching and course design. Practical implications The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Innovation types and SMEs financial performance relationship: Evidence from Eritrea

The objective of this current study is to investigate the relationship between different types of innovation and the financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in a developing country, specifically in Eritrea. To achieve this, a questionnaire was distributed to managers/owners of selected firms, and Smart-PLS structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypotheses. The results reveal that all the types of innovation considered, including product/service, process, marketing, and organizational innovations, have a significantly positive effect on the financial performance of SMEs. These findings can increase awareness among entrepreneurs, researchers, and policymakers regarding the relationship between innovation and SMEs' financial performance. They also underscore the significance of innovation as a fundamental driver for firms to enhance their competitiveness. This study contributes to a better understanding of how different types of innovation impact SMEs' performance. This study builds upon prior evidence regarding the impact of innovation on firm performance. It also significantly extends the existing literature on innovation and SMEs from the perspective of a developing country, thereby making substantial contributions to research in terms of policy, practice, and theory.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Evaluation of Managerial Needs for Palliative Care Centers: Perspectives of Medical Directors

Background: Palliative therapies have an important role in increasing the quality of healthcare and in dealing with physical and psychosocial problems due to cancer. We here aimed to evaluate the managerial perspectives and opinions of the hospital managers and clinical directors about specialized palliative care centers. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in two large-scale hospitals in which oncology care is given with medical directors (n:70). A questionnaire developed by the researchers asking about demographic characteristics and professional experience, opinions and suggestions of medical directors about providing and integrating palliative care into healthcare was used and responses were analyzed. Results: Potential barriers in providing palliative care (PC) and integrating PC into health systems were perceived as institutional by most of the doctors (97%) and nurses (96%). Social barriers were reported by 54% of doctors and 82% of nurses. Barriers due to interest and knowledge of health professionals about PC were reported by 76% of doctors and 75% of nurses. Among encouragement ideas to provide PC were dealing with staff educational needs (72%), improved working conditions (77%) and establishing a special PC unit (49)%. An independent PC unit was suggested by 27.7% of participants and there was no difference between the hospitals. To overcome the barriers for integration of PC into health systems, providing education for health professionals and patient relatives, raising awareness in society, financial arrangements and providing infrastructure were suggested. The necessity for planning and programming were emphasized. Conclusions: In our study, the opinions and perspectives of hospital managers and clinical directors were similar to current approaches. Managerial needs for treating cancer in efficient cancer centers, increasing the capacity of health professionals to provide care in every stage of cancer, effective education planning and patient care management were emphasized.
Velocities and quality factors of sedimentary rocks at low and high effective pressures

SUMMARY Techniques for measuring acoustic velocities and quality factors (Q) of sedimentary rocks in the laboratory are sufficiently accurate to establish closely fitting regression curves which represent the variation of these acoustic properties with pressure. Ultrasonic P- and S-wave measurements of velocity (V,, V,) and Q (Q,, Q,) were made on 16 different water-saturated sandstone samples at various effective pressures using an ultrasonic reflection technique, and the data were fitted using a simple regression equation containing a constant, plus linear and exponential pressure-dependent terms. The redundancy of the linear term in the regression of Q data suggests that microcracks alone govern the pressure variation of Q, whereas velocities are additionally dependent on another mechanism, consistent with the changes in elastic moduli caused by intergranular compression (causing small reductions in porosity). The implied rates of microcrack closure with increasing effective pressure in all samples were found to be comparable. The regression equations describe the data closely enough to enable the extrapolation of acoustic properties to both low and high effective pressures. This is of practical use, since laboratory techniques can produce uncertain results at low pressures, due to coupling problems and low signal strengths, whilst high pressures require large confining vessels. Low-pressure and high-pressure data are applicable to shallow seismic surveys and hydrocarbon exploration, respectively.
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Fear of Monkeypox Infection among Kampala International University Students

The general objective of the present study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, practice, and fear of monkeypox infection among Kampala International University Students. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted anonymously among students of Kampala International University, Uganda. The result of the analysis of the level of knowledge of monkeypox among KIU students revealed a greater proportion of female respondents and the middle age category had higher knowledge scores. Respondents in their third year of study and above and medical students had higher knowledge scores. More students studying a medical course and in their third year and above had a better (acceptable) attitude toward the prevention of the spread of monkeypox. More female and young adult respondents also had better attitudes toward the prevention of the spread of monkeypox infection. The analysis of practices among KIU students revealed that most medical students inculcated good practices compared to their nonmedical counterparts. In conclusion, programs promoting health-seeking behaviour among students should be put in place. Programs should be designed to particularly target younger adults and those with low levels of education.
The role of Atlantic‐Arctic exchange in North Atlantic multidecadal climate variability

It has recently been suggested that multidecadal variability in North Atlantic sea surface temperature occurs with two dominant periods. In this paper we investigate the origin of these two time scales in a 500 year control run of the GFDL CM2.1 model. We focus on the exchange between the Atlantic and Arctic oceans and study spectra of temperature, salinity and meridional overturning circulation and the correlations between these quantities. The analysis shows that (i) the shorter period variability originates in the North Atlantic and (ii) the exchange between the Atlantic and Arctic can explain the longer period of multidecadal variability in the North Atlantic.
The Impact of Conflict Management Styles on Organizational Performance: A Comparative Analysis

Objectives: This study aims to identify the styles of conflict management in public and private enterprises in Kosovo, measure their impacts on organizational performance, and thus fill the gap that exists between the applied style and the one that has the most impact on performance. Methods: The study used the quantitative method to answer the research questions. The study participants included 100 public and 100 private sector managers. Findings : In the private sector, the most commonly used style is compromise, while the avoidance style is the least adopted. In the public sector, managers use the dominating style for conflict management while using the obliging style the least. According to the OLS model, the obligating style explains organizational performance in the private sector, while organizational performance is explained more by the compromising style in the public sector. Novelty/improvement: This research contributes to an in-depth understanding of the association of organizational performance with conflict management styles in the private and public sectors of Kosovo. It shows through a comparative approach that organizational performance improves drastically by selecting the appropriate style of conflict management.
Effective methylation triage of a screening population with HPV infection and/or abnormal cytology results in China

Background The S5-methylation test, as an alternative classi�er to cytology and HPV16/18 genotyping to triage cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions, has not been widely validated in Asian countries. Herein, we compared S5 methylation to HPV16/18 and cytology to detect cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in a screening population who with either HPV infection or abnormal cytology results or both of them, derived from a multi-central clinical trial of 2246 Chinese participants. We matched all ≥ HSIL + cases (n = 468) with ≤ LSIL controls (n = 468) to analyze the effectiveness of methylation. Methylation of S5 was quanti�ed by pyrosequencing, blinded to cytology, histological and initial HPV results
Edinburgh Research Explorer Differential effects of soil waterlogging on herbaceous and woody plant communities in a Neotropical savanna

1 The impacts of soil properties and fire regime on Neotropical savannas are well-2 known, but the importance of hydrological regime for plant species assembly has 3 received less attention. Here we assessed changes in diversity patterns of herbaceous 4 and woody communities along a water table gradient in a fire-excluded Neotropical 5 savanna. We found that increased waterlogging of soils was associated with declines in 6 both herbaceous and woody species richness. Woody species richness decreased once 7 the water table depth is less than 4 m and no woody species occurred once water table 8 depth was less than 23 cm. Herbaceous communities remained species rich until the 9 shallowest water table depth, where there is flooding at some point in the year, and even 10 there, over a dozen species occurred. Woody species that occurred in areas with 11 shallower water tables were a nested subset of those in areas with deeper water tables. 12 In contrast, herbaceous communities showed turnover over the hydrological gradient, 13 with distinct species specialised for different water table levels. However, we found that 14 those specialists are restricted to few evolutionary lineages, evidenced by increased 15 phylogenetic clustering over the water table gradient in herbaceous communities. We 16 suggest that evolutionarily conserved hydrological niches define the herbaceous layer 17 over the hydrological gradient, whereas only generalist woody species persist under 18 high water tables. Our findings show that the effect of soil waterlogging differs 19 between the herbaceous and woody layer of savannas, indicating that these communities 20 will respond differently to shifts in the hydrological regime under future environmental 21 change. 22
Simian virus 40 and human pleural mesothelioma

BACKGROUND An aetiological role for Simian virus 40 (SV40) in malignant mesothelioma has been suggested from studies in the USA and the UK but results have been conflicting. A study was undertaken to look for evidence of SV40 in stored tissue samples from pleural mesotheliomas. METHODS DNA was extracted from paraffin embedded tissue. The presence of DNA was established by amplification of a 250 bp product from the betaglobin gene. Primers PYV.F and PYV.R were used in a concentration of 50 per mol each per reaction to amplify a 172 bp fragment of a conserved region of SV40 that codes for a portion of large T antigen that is common to SV40 and other polyoma viruses. RESULTS Twelve of the 17 samples contained amplifiable betaglobin DNA. None of the samples (0/12, 95% CI 0 to 26.5%) was positive for the polyoma large T antigen. CONCLUSIONS These results do not lend any support to the hypothesis that SV40 infection may be aetiologically relevant to the increasing incidence of mesothelioma in the UK.
Bladder cancer in the elderly patient: challenges and solutions

: Bladder cancer (BC) is an age-associated malignancy with increased prevalence in the elderly population. Elderly patients are a vulnerable population at increased risk for treatment-related toxicity secondary to medical comorbidities and geriatric syndromes. As a result, this population has been historically undertreated and suffers worse disease-specific outcomes than younger patients with BC. Recognition of this disparity has led to efforts to individualize treatment decisions based on functional status rather than chronologic age in an effort to optimize the use of curative therapies for the fit elderly and modify treatments to reduce the risk of toxicity and disease-related morbidity in vulnerable or frail patients. The comprehensive geriatric assessment is a decision framework that helps to balance underlying health considerations and risks of therapy with aggressiveness of the cancer. Development of systemic therapies with increased efficacy against BC and reduced toxicity are eagerly awaited, as are techniques and interventions to reduce the morbidity from surgery and radiation for patients with BC.