Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXPLORATION OF APPLICATION OF GUILIN WATERMELON FROST IN PULP REVASCULARIZATION OF IMMATURE PERMANENT TEETH WITH PERIAPICAL PERIODONTITIS

Purpose: To explore the possibility of applying Guilin watermelon frost in pulp revascularization of young permanent teeth with periapical periodontitis. Material and methods: Divided the stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) into A. B. C and D four groups. A without any treatment, B. C. D groups were treated with calcium hydroxide, triantibiotic intracanal dressing and Guilin watermelon frost separately for one hour after treatment of conventional irrigation of 1% sodium hypochlorite and normal saline. Results: Compared to group A, cell growth was found to be slower down in group B. C. and D. No statistic differences were found. While after special treatment, cell survival rate decreased significantly, group D decreased more than group C, and group B survived more than group C. Conclusion: Guilin watermelon frost is not fit for pulp revascularization of immature permanent teeth with periapical periodontitis temporarily.
Epidemiological Analysis of the First 1389 Cases of COVID-19 in Poland: A Preliminary Report

Background The World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. This paper presents an epidemiological analysis of the first phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Poland. Material/Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out between 3 and 27 March 2020 on a sample of 1389 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in Poland. Data were obtained from epidemiological reports collected by the Chief Sanitary Inspectorate. Analysis includes the number of COVID-19 cases, number of deaths, number of hospitalizations, number of people quarantined, and number of laboratory tests performed. Results The first case was confirmed on 4 March 2020. Over 24 days after the first case, the total number of confirmed infections rose to 1389 (34,000 laboratory tests were performed). The highest incidence rates (over 5 per 100,000) were observed in the 2 central administrative regions (Mazowieckie and Łódzkie) and in the south-western region of Dolnośląskie, which borders the Czech Republic and Germany. Based on available data about age and sex, a clearly higher incidence was observed in the 20–29 years (4.0 per 100,000), 40–49 years (4.1 per 100,000), and 50–59 years (4.3 per 100,000) age groups. In the period analyzed (24 days), there were 16 confirmed deaths (average age 65.5 years; 81.2% males). Conclusions The proportion of women and men with confirmed COVID-19 infection was similar to the sex ratio in the general population. Infections were relatively less common in those aged under 20 years. The largest numbers of confirmed cases were detected in 3 of the 4 largest cities, each of which has an international airport.
The Impact of Intra-firm Transfer Pricing on Firm Value, Taxes, and Earnings: International Financial and Tax Fraud?

654 ∗ The authors are, respectively, Associate Professor at Kansas State University, Emeritus Professor at Louisiana State University, and Professor at Kansas State University. We thank Professors Augustine Arize, Susan Borkowski, Mike Kinney, Lynn Rees, Richard Ott as well as participants at Kansas State University Accounting Seminar and Southeast American Accounting Association. Special thanks to Professor Lipe for his detailed comments of an earlier version of this paper. Allan Montgomeryalso provided valuable research assistance. The Impact of Intra-firm Transfer Pricing on Firm Value, Taxes, and Earnings: International Financial and Tax Fraud?
11 Szczepanek

Among methods for stimulation of plant growth an esse ntial role can be played by seaweed biostimulants. The aim of the study was to assess the response of o ni n to the method of application of the seaweed biostimulant Kelpak SL. Doses of the seaweed extract applied from the three-leaf stage amounted to 3, 3 + 2, 3 + 2 + 2 dm ha, and from the four-leaf stage 2, 2 + 2, 2 + 2 + 2 dm ha, for a single, double and triple application, respectively. The biostimulant applied from the three-leaf stage increased the chlorophyl l index after double or triple application, whereas applied from the four-leaf stage, also after a single appli cation. The highest increases in the fresh weight yield of b ulbs as well as fresh weight of roots resulted from the triple application of the biostimulant from the thr eeor four-leaf stages. Each dm 3 of the biostimulant caused an increase in the fresh weight yield of bulb s by 0.76 t ha , and each additional application resulted in an increase in yield by 1.76 t ha .
CCID_A_167498 427..435

Mimi Nguyen Simran S Sandhu Raja K Sivamani 1Department of Dermatology, University of California – Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; 2Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, USA; 3College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA; 4Department of Dermatology, Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA Abstract: Actinic keratosis (AK) is an early in situ squamous cell carcinoma that results fromUV light exposure and has the potential to evolve into invasive tumor. Therefore, it is crucial that AKs are monitored and treated appropriately. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment option that is minimally invasive and leaves patients with cosmetically superior results. However, disadvantages of PDT include pain and lengthy clinic visits. Accordingly, there has been much interest in the use of daylight photodynamic therapy (daylight-PDT) as amore convenient and less painful alternative to conventional photodynamic therapy (c-PDT). Current evidence shows that daylight-PDT is noninferior to c-PDT in the short and long term. Patients reported decreased pain with daylightPDTandweremore satisfied with the procedure (P<0.001). Current evidence suggests that 2 hrs of daylight exposure was sufficient for treatment, and its efficacy does not appear to be limited by weather conditions. Given the decreased intensity of treatment, daylight-PDT is better for mild disease, as it is less effective in moderate-to-thick AKs. Though further studies are still needed to refine the technique, daylight-PDT is a potential alternative to c-PDT for thin-to-moderate AKs and should be offered to patients with lower pain tolerance or busy schedules.
Blended eLearning Systems in Nigerian Universities: A Context Specific Pedagogical Approach

With the surge in information technology globally, recent efforts in sub-Saharan Africa have sought to decolonise and revitalise the process and practice of using technology for/in education, and specifically the development of context-specific pedagogies. This paper presents an analysis of the perspectives of students, lecturers and education managers regarding the blended approach to the use of technology for teaching, learning and management of educational processes. Using a range of interviews, focus group discussions, and rapid ethnography, we report on conflicting ideas and issues that point to the motive for blending, the sort of tools available and adopted, the teaching processes and learning activities the tools support, and where improvement is needed to drive acceptance and use. Findings indicate the relevance of understanding the complexities of the mundane practices of using technology in postcolonial education.
A Comparative Study Of The Modified Mallampati Classification With The Ratio Of Patient’s Height To Thyromental Distance And Upper Lip Bite Test In Predicting Difficult Laryngoscopy

Background: Various simple bedside preoperative anaesthetic airway assessment can be performed to predict difficult intubation. The present study was aimed to compare the predictive value of modified mallampati test (MMT) with upper lip bite test (ULBT) and ratio of patient’s height to thyromental distance (RHTMD) for difficult laryngoscopy and airway. Methods: 65 patients aged 18-65 years of either sex, ASA grade I and II undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia were assessed and graded for ULBT, RHTMD and MMT according to standard methods and correlated with the Cormack and Lehane grading. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) Curve and the area under ROC curve (AUC) for each airway predictor in isolation were determined. Results: RHTMD has higher sensitivity, specificity, better positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy compared to MMT and ULBT. Conclusion: RHTMD is superior to ULBT and MMT as a useful bedside screening test for preoperative prediction of difficult laryngoscopy.
PAC-Bayes Objectives for Meta-Learning using Deep Probabilistic Programs

Recent approaches to meta-learning have used hierarchical PAC-Bayes bounds to transfer information between tasks via a common hyper-posterior. Single-level PAC-Bayes bounds can likewise be used as transfer learning objectives, by using a prior learned on one task to constrain a posterior on another. However, existing methods adopting these approaches place restrictions on the form of the (hyper-) priors and/or posteriors used. We show how general and tractable PAC-Bayes bounds can be derived in a deep probabilistic programming (DPP) framework and used for transfer-and meta-learning tasks. This allows both prior and posterior to be arbitrary DPPs, hyper-priors to be easily introduced, and variational techniques to be used during optimization. We test our framework using learning tasks deﬁned on synthetic and biological data.
To Compare the IOP lowering efficacy and side effect profile of fixed combination Brinzolamide 1% / timolol 0.5% and fixed combination Dorzolamide 2% / timolol 0.5% in patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Aim: To compare the IOP lowering efficacy and side effect profile of Brinzolamide 1% / Timolol 0.5% Fixed combination (BTFC) versus Dorzolamide 2% / Timolol 0.5% Fixed combination (DTFC) in patients with POAG. Methods: A prospective, randomized, comparative, open labeled, cross over study was conducted in patients coming to the Department of Ophthalmology, Rajindra Hospital attached to Government Medical College, Patiala. In this study, 40 patients of POAG were selected fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Patients were then randomized into 2 groups (group 1 and 2) with 20 patients in each group. On day 0, baseline IOP was recorded before starting the treatment. Group 1 patients were given fixed drug combination of Brinzolamide 1% / Timolol 0.5% (BTFC) twice daily and group 2 patients were given a fixed drug combination of Dorzolamide 2% / Timolol 0.5% (DTFC) twice daily for 14 days and IOP was recorded in OPD on 15 th day of the study at 9am, 11am and 4pm after instillation of the study drug. From 17 th – 30 th day of the study, Group 1 received DTFC and Group 2 received BTFC. IOP was again recorded in OPD on 31 st day of the study at 9am, 11am and 4pm after instillation of the study drug. Effectiveness of the drugs was calculated in terms of mm Hg fall in mean intraocular pressure and side effect profile was monitored. All the observations thus made were compiled on a proforma and subjected to statistical analysis using appropriate tests. Results: BTFC produced mean IOP reductions ranging from 8.27 to 10.01 mmHg ( 30.32-35.55% ) whereas DTFC produced mean IOP reductions ranging from 9.01 to 10.60 mmHg ( 32.76-37.68% ) (p<0.001). The difference in the IOP reduction of BTFC and DTFC was similar in both the groups and statistically non significant (p>0.05). BTFC being a suspension was associated with blurring of vision whereas DTFC being prepared in acidic pH was associated with stinging and abnormal taste sensation. Conclusion: BTFC provided similar reduction in IOP as DTFC in patients of POAG.
The Effect of Principal Leadership Style and Work Motivation of Primary School Teacher Performance in Kendari City

As concrete, the implementation of education in schools will go well if it is supported bythe principal's leadership style and high teacher performance motivation when empowered to suit his posturing and both component supports each other will gain the national goals easily.This study aimed to determine the effect of the principal's leadership style and work motivation on the performance of an elementary school teacher in the town of Kendari. The data analysis of this research was path analysis. The study samples were 241 primary school teachers and they were taken by using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed statistically using path analysis with the program Linear Structural Relations (LISREL). The results of the research showed that : (a) there was a positive direct influence between headmaster leadership style to the performance of primary school teachers in the city of Kendari (b) there was a direct positive influence between work motivation on the performance of primary school teachers in the city of Kendari, and (c) there was a positive direct between headmaster leadership style to the work motivation of primary school teachers in the city of Kendari.
Trait Anxiety and Salivary Cortisol Levels In Female College Students in Assam

Background:Women undergo various physical and psychological changes throughout their life cycle, compounded by the expectations of different roles from her. One such challenging phase is her college life when various social and environmental changes may lead to stress. A new step toward independent living is exciting and terrifying at the same time. The hormonal changes only complicate things further, as menstruation itself is a stressful phenomenon to most women. Women are known to be more anxiety prone than men and the underlying mechanism may be both physical and environmental. This study tries to explore the the trait anxiety in this vulnerable time and salivary cortisol levels were also assessed as there is indication of cortisol being increased in stress, thus making it possible to study for the correlation of cortisol with anxiety. Materials and methods: A total of 30 college girls from various streams were selected after taking informed consent and using the STAI manual their trait anxiety was measured. Saliva samples for salivary cortisol were collected at 45 minutes post waking. The anxiety scores were then calculated and the saliva cortisol levels estimated. The data obtained was analysed to see for relation of anxiety scores and cortisol levels. Results:It was seen that higher anxiety scores were associated with higher cortisol levels and there was significant correlation between anxiety and salivary cortisol level, for the morning surge or peak level of cortisol. Conclusion: Anxiety is a common problem among college girls and the various factors predisposing them to it need to be explored. Also, morning cortisol levels were correlated to anxiety severity. Further exploration of relation of anxiety with cortisol levels is needed. Key word: trait anxiety; cortisol; college girls -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 27-02-2020 Date of Acceptance: 13-03-2020 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Respect for diversity in Greek schools and the role of democratic educational leadership: a survey of secondary school teachers

The theoretical and research interest in issues of diversity in modern multicultural societies is particularly high. Education is aimed at shaping a society in which the new generations will acquire the knowledge and skills that will enable them to share and adopt democratic attitudes and values, the core of which is respect for diversity. Hence, the promotion of respect for diversity is one of the basic and ultimate goals of democratic education in Western societies, particularly in recent years due to the problems of the immigrants’ integration. In this base, respect for diversity can be cultivated at school through the implementation of a well-articulated and collaborative-democratic model of leadership. The results of the research presented in this work examined the attitudes of teachers regarding the promotion of diversity in Greek schools. Through the examination of the four stages of teachers’ democracy scale regarding respect for diversity, the results led to the conclusion that the majority of the participants felt that today's school does not provide sufficient knowledge and appropriate learning methods to promote diversity in the school community. Finally, to implement this research the survey method was used in a sample of 400 secondary school teachers.
Competition for Context-Sensitive Consumers

When preferences are sensitive to context, firms may influence purchase decisions by designing the environment of consumption choices. This paper studies how competitive retailers optimally design their product line if preferences at the store depend on whether the choice set draws consumer attention to the quality or price of a product. Before making a purchase decision, a consumer chooses among retailers without (fully) anticipating that her preferences at the store are malleable. We show that this setup can align evidence on retailer marketing practices and the existence of loss leaders with the experimental literature on decoy effects: in equilibrium, retailers use loss leaders to attract the consumer to the store and decoy products to draw consumer attention at the store to more profitable alternatives featuring a higher price (inducing a profitable upsell) or lower production cost (inducing a profitable downsell). We embed and compare the predictions of three recent specifications of choice-set dependent attention—namely, Salience, Focusing, and Relative Thinking. All three specifications predict that firms construct choice environments that utilize decoy effects to up- or downsell the consumer. Because they differ in how attention can be directed using the product line, however, they differ in their predictions of how the decoy will be positioned in the price-quality space. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.
EFFECTS OF STATIC MAGNETIC FIELDS ON SUPERCOOLING AND FREEZING 1 KINETICS OF PURE WATER AND 0.9% NaCl SOLUTIONS 2 3

8 Previous papers in the literature show no agreement on the effects of static magnetic fields 9 (SMFs) on water supercooling and freezing kinetics. Hypothetical effects of the SMF orientation 10 and the presence of ions in the sample are also unclear. To shed light on this matter, we froze 11 10-mL pure water samples and 0.9% NaCl solutions subjected or not to the SMFs generated by 12 two magnets. We found that the relative position of the magnet poles affected the magnetic field 13 orientation, strength, and the spatial magnetic gradients established throughout the sample. 14 Thus, the SMF strength ranged from 107 to 359 mT when unlike magnet poles faced each other 15 whereas it ranged from 0 to 241 mT when like magnet poles were next to each other. At both 16 conditions, we did not detect any effect of the SMFs on the time at which nucleation occurred, 17 the extent of supercooling, and the phase transition and total freezing times in both pure water 18 and 0.9% NaCl solutions. More experiments, under well-characterized SMFs, should be 19 performed to definitively evaluate the ability of SMFs in improving food freezing. 20
Study of Biochemical Bone Bio Markers in Postmenopausal Women in PMCH Dhanbad, Jharkhand

Aim of this study is to estimate the Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Total Calcium, Urinary hydroxyproline and to evaluate the correlation of Age, Body Mass Index (BMI), in postmenopausal women and premenopausal women on these parameters. Serum calcium, BMI, alkaline phosphatase activities were determined in 50 premenopausal and 50 postmenopausal women in PMCH Dhanbad, Jharkhand. The mean Age, BMI, serum total ALP were significantly increased higherand calcium levels were significantly lowerin postmenopausal women when compared to premenopausal women. Bone resorption marker, urinary hydroxyproline was significantly increased in cases. This study concluded that, Serum total ALP, total calcium and Urinary hydroxyproline combined togetherprovided fairly useful index of bone resorption in postmenopausal women. Preventivemeasures like calcium supplementation or Hormone replacement therapy can be initiated early in those who are rapid bone losers and prevent the osteoporotic fractures.
Meta-reinforcement learning of causal strategies

Discovering and exploiting the causal structure in the environment is a crucial challenge for intelligent agents. However, it is not understood how such reasoning comes about, even in natural intelligence. Here, we investigate the emergence of causal reasoning and intervention strategies from simpler reinforcement learning algorithms using a meta-reinforcement learning framework. We ﬁnd that, after training on distributions of environments having causal structure, meta-learning agents learn to perform a form of causal reasoning in related, held-out tasks. In particular, we ﬁnd that the form of causal reasoning learned relates to the information encountered during learning, ranging from causal inference from observations, to resolving confounders, selecting informative interventions, and making counterfactual predictions. Empirical ﬁndings in human behavioral research suggest promising connections between our model and the development and implementation of causal reasoning in humans.
Population dynamics of chilli thrips and their natural enemies in relation to weather parameter on chilli

Observation for incidence of thrips and natural enemies of the thysanopteran pest were recorded in each meteorological week until harvesting of crop. Thrips population was analyzed Initial incidence of the chilli thrips was noticed on the 37 standard week (September third week) with an average population of 0.32 insect / plant. The chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis population increased and gradually reached the peak level of 6.75 insect / plant at 45 standard week (November second week). At that time, average maximum temperature was 37.77 C and minimum temperature was 21.42 C, average morning relative humidity was 86.28% and evening 45.42%. There after declined trend was observed due to fall of maximum and minimum temperatures as optimum weather condition are decreasing. The natural enemies observed were two species of Coccinellid beetle and Spider. Similarly, incidence of the most commonly found natural enemies consisting of coccinellid beetle was recorded low as 0.92/plant 38 standard week (September fourth week) to maximum of 5.87/plant 44 standard week during (first week of November). When the average temperature, relative humidity and weekly total rainfall were average maximum temperature was 36.34 C and minimum temperature was 26.71 C, average morning relative humidity was 85.14% and evening relative humidity 48.14% and weekly total rainfall 0.0 mm respectively. After which the pest population gradually decreased. Populations of spider were found to be low as 0.42/plant 39 standard week (September five week) to maximum during 46 standard week (November second week) 3.74/plant. When the average temperature, relative humidity and weekly total rainfall were average maximum temperature was 38.71 C and minimum temperature was 25.74 C, average morning relative humidity was 83.85% and evening relative humidity 50.28% and weekly total rainfall 0.0 mm respectively. Population fluctuation of thrips and spider was found positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with total rainfall. Other abiotic factors (relative humidity, rainfall) were found non-significant with the incidence of thrips and spider population.