Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nagilactones from Podocarpus nagi and Their Effects on the Feeding and Growth of Tobacco Budworm

In our continuing search for new insect control agents from plant sources, eight nagilacrones were isolated from Podocarpus nagi (Podocarpaceae). The effects of the four most abundant on the feeding and growth of larvae of the tobacco budworm, Heliorthis virescens (Lepidoprera: Noctuidae) were investigated. The growth rate and the pupation of H. virescens fed on diets containing nagilactone D [4] were lowered and mortality was occasionally observed
Exact free surfaces in constant vorticity flows

We present an exact solution for periodic travelling waves in two-dimensional, infinitely deep and constant vorticity flows, in the absence of the effects of gravity or surface tension. The shape of the free surface is the same as for Crapper’s celebrated capillary waves in an irrotational flow, but the flow beneath the wave, which is also explicit, is completely different. This confirms a conjecture made by Dyachenko & Hur (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 878, 2019b, pp. 502–521; Stud. Appl. Maths, vol. 142 (2), 2019c, pp. 162–189) and Hur & Vanden-Broeck (Eur. J. Mech. (B/Fluids), 2020, to appear), based on numerical and asymptotic evidence.
Secretory Trichomes from Artemisia Crithmifolia: some ultrastructural aspects

SummaryThe secretory trichomes from Artemisia crithmifolia present a biseriate multicellular structure. They originate from a single epidermal cell, belonging to the leaf or to the stem primordia. Histochemical tests reveal the lipophilic character of the secreted material corresponding probably to terpenoids.Young trichome cells possess the normal features of a secretory cell, namely a dense cytoplasm containing numerous mitochondria and plastids and few vacuoles. A large nucleus with one or more prominent nucleoli is also present.Modifications of plastids morphology and increase of ER profiles must be related to secretion. Osmiophilic droplets are seen in close relation with plastids and ER. Electron dense material has also been observed in small vacuoles, corresponding presumably to the storage of secretion.Secretory products are extruded and temporarily accumulated in the subcuticular space. Older trichomes undergo a lytic process followed by trichomes death.
Long-term performance and herbivory of tree seedlings planted into primary and secondary forests of Central Amazonia

Abstract: Plant survival and growth in tropical rain forest are affected by different biotic and abiotic forces. As time elapses and plants grow the relative importance of such forces as regeneration inhibitors and/or facilitators may change according to habitat and species. To detect within- and among-species divergences in performance over time in different habitats we followed, for nearly a decade, the survival, growth and herbivory of seedlings of the native tree species: Chrysophyllum pomiferum, Micropholis venulosa and Pouteria caimito. In Central Amazonia, young seedlings were planted into old-growth and secondary forests dominated by Vismia spp. One year after planting, C. pomiferum ranked first (i.e. fast growth, fewer dead and less herbivory) for both habitats, followed by M. venulosa and P. caimito. Initial trends changed over time. In the long term, M. venulosa ranked first for both habitats, followed by C. pomiferum and P. caimito ranked consistently lowest. Within-species divergences in growth and herbivory were greater in secondary forest. Initial seedling responses cannot always be used to predict species persistence in the long term. Contrary to previous estimations, old-growth-forest species can persist under Vismia spp. stands, at least when planted.
The contribution of coarse woody debris to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles in three Rocky Mountain coniferous forests

The contribution of coarse woody debris to C, N, and P cycles was assessed in forests of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench Voss), and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. ) - Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) in southwestern Alberta. Mass loss and changes in C, N, and P concentrations in decomposing log segments were measured for 14 years. Litter input was measured during 10 years for coarse woody debris, 1 year for ground vegetation, and 5 years for other aboveground litter types. Release of C, N and P from decomposing litter were simulated for a period of 40 years. After 14 years, log segments of pine, spruce, and fir had lost on average 71, 38, and 40%, respectively, of their dry mass. The N content of the pine logs increased, spruce changed little, and fir lost N. Phosphorus accumulated in all logs. The greatest imports of N and P occurred at the pine sites and fir sites, respectively, where these nutrients were the least available, indicating that wood decay organisms may compete with vegetation for limiting nutrients in these forests. Coarse woody debris comprised 3-24% of aboveground litter and contributed less than 5% of the N and P released. Coarse woody debris does not appear to make a significant contribution to N and P cycling in these forests. Resume : La contribution des debris ligneux grossiers aux cycles de C, N et P a ete evaluee dans des forets de pin lodgepole (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.), d'epinette blanche (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) et de sapin subalpin (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. ) - epinette d'Engelmann (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) dans le sud-ouest de l'Alberta. La perte de masse et les changements dans les concentrations de C, N et P dans des segments de billes au sol en decomposition ont ete mesures pendant 14 ans. L'apport de litiere a ete mesure pendant 10 ans dans le cas des
Transactive Memory and the Job Search: Finding Expertise and Influence in Socio-technical Networks

Structural, communicative, and relational attributes of transactive memory (TM) affect the expertise and influence job seekers perceive in their job information networks. Using a sample of U.S. job seekers (N = 285), we found perceived expertise and influence varied across structural attributes (both source status and bridging ability) and relational attributes (emotional closeness) of job search sources. Communicative attributes (communication frequency) were associated with influence, but not expertise. In addition, we found a significant divergence in perceived influence across different sources. This study contributes to an understanding of job information networks, extends transactive memory to a socio-technical context, and adds influence as a meaningful outcome of transactive memory systems.
Herpesvirus Type 2: Association with Carcinoma of the Cervix

By utilizing the kinetics of neutralization, it was found that an antibody response to type 1 (oral) and type 2 (genital) herpesvirus infection could be independently measured and correlated with type of virus isolated from the patient. The presence of antibodies to type 1 and type 2 herpesvirus was examined in patients with carcinoma of the cervix, in matched controls, random controls, and patients with other types of malignancy. Antibodies to type 2 were found with greater frequency in patients with carcinoma of the cervix (83 percent) than in the other groups tested (0 to 20 percent). The data suggest an association of genital herpesvirus and carcinoma of the cervix.
Toxicity of Commercially Available Bar Soap on American Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana)

American cockroach ( Periplaneta americana ) is a tropical species that can be found in Indonesia and elsewhere. It is of public health importance as it is a vector of some human pathogens. Soap, including bar soap can be used as pesticide for cockroaches. It contains surfactant as an active ingredient. However, the effectiveness of low-cost and commercially available bar soap in controlling these cockroaches has received little attention and is not fully understood. This paper reports the effect of bar soap solution exposure on the American cockroach and determination of the LC 50 of solution. The research used True-Experimental design with a Post-Only Control Group. Cockroaches were randomly selected from the rearing cage and the post-test measured cockroach mortality after exposures. The soap solutions were prepared in 4 concentrations (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%), then sprayed directly onto 15 cockroaches with 5 replications. The cockroach condition was observed at 24 hr after treatment and the number of cockroach deaths were counted. Normality data were tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test ( P =0.05) and analysed using Friedman’s test to determine the difference of variance of concentration. Abbott’s test was used to specify the effectiveness of soap solution and the LOGIT test was used to determine LC 50. The results suggest that cockroach death occurred after exposure and there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of the soap solution concentrations on mortality (p=0.000). The Logit analysis indicated that the LC 50 of bar soap solution was at 32%. It can be concluded that the soap solution has a killing effect on the American cockroach with LC 50 at 32% after 24 hr of treatment.
Mobile Technology Integration in the 2020s: The Impact of Technology Leadership in the Malaysian Context

Mobile technology is a growing technology in the education system around the world. Today's educational resources are easily accessible by using mobile technology at anytime and anywhere. As mobile technology is so essential, principals should play a vital role in stimulating teachers' efforts to use these devices as teaching aids in the classroom. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the level of technology leadership, mobile technology integration and the relationship between the two variables. In addition, the study examines the influence of principals' technology leadership dimensions such as visionary leadership, digital age learning culture, excellence in professional practice, systemic improvement, and digital citizenship as predictors of teachers' mobile technology integration in teaching. A total of 376 secondary school teachers in the state of Kedah, Northern of Malaysia were selected as respondents through a quantitative approach involving systematic random sampling. This study also uses two instruments, namely the Principals Technology Leadership Assessment (PTLA) based on the NETS-A and UTAUT2. The results of the data analysis revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between principals' technology leadership and teachers' mobile technology integration in teaching process. Meanwhile, the findings also predicted that visionary leadership, systemic improvement and digital citizenship were the most significant contributors in influencing teachers to integrate mobile technology at secondary schools.
Common and rare species respond to similar niche processes in macroinvertebrate metacommunities

Ecologists have long investigated why communities are composed of a few common species and many rare species. Most studies relate rarity to either niche diff erentiation among species or spatial processes. Th ere is a parallel between these processes and the processes proposed to explain the structure of metacommunities. Based on a metacommunity perspective and on data on stream macroinvertebrates from diff erent regions of Brazil, we answer two questions. 1) Are sets of common and rare species aff ected by similar niche and spatial processes? 2) How does the community composition of common and of rare species diff er? Th e main hypothesis we test is that common species are mainly aff ected by environmental factors, whereas rare species are mostly infl uenced by dispersal limitation. We used variation partitioning to determine the proportion of variation explained by the environment and space in common and rare species matrices. Contrary to our expectations, evidence supported the idea that both common and rare species are aff ected mainly by environmental factors, even after controlling for the diff ering information content between common and rare species matrices. Moreover, the abundance of some common species is also a good predictor of variation in rare species matrices. Niche diff erences are unlikely to be the sole cause of patterns of rarity in these metacommunities. We suggest that sets of common and rare species react to similar major environmental gradients and that rare species also respond to processes that operate at a more fi ne-grained spatial scale, particularly biotic interactions. We extend the view that species sorting is the dominant process structuring metacommunities and argue that future studies focusing on rarity would benefi t from a metacommunity perspective.
The Influence of Pregnant Women Classes on Knowledge, Attitudes and Skills of Conducting Early Detection of Danger Signs during the Second Trimester of Pregnancy in Buleleng Regency

Efforts need to be made to improve the implementation of pregnancy for pregnant women, one of which is to increase information and knowledge of mothers, attitudes and family support for the knowledge, attitudes and skills of Early Detection of Danger Signs during the Second Trimester of Pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the influence of pregnant women classes on knowledge, attitudes, and early detection of danger signs during trimester II pregnancy in the Buleleng Regency. The research method used observational research with a crosssectional approach. The population in this study were pregnant women who carried out pregnant women and visited at least 4 times as many as 124 mothers. Sampling was done by purposive sampling with a sample size of 82 pregnant women in TM II. The research instrument used a questionnaire with closed questions that had been validated and reliable was 0.6. The study was conducted at the Community Health Center in Singaraja City. Analysis of the data used in this study is the Logistic Regression statistical test with α 0.05. The results of the study have a significant effect on the class of pregnant women on the knowledge of the p value of 0.027, there is no significant effect of the class of pregnant women on the attitude of the p value of 0.347 and there is a significant influence on the class of pregnant women on the skills of pregnant women about the danger signs of TM II pregnancy p value of 0.008. Conclusion there is the influence of the class of pregnant women on maternal knowledge and there is no effect of the class of pregnant women on the attitude of mothers to recognize the danger signs of pregnancy, there is the influence of classes of pregnant women on the skills of mothers to recognize the danger signs of pregnancy
Studies on structural and average unfolding behaviours of FNIII domain of Contactin-1 protein by molecular dynamics simulation

Steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations are routinely used for unraveling folded domains of proteins to reveal intermediate structures and to compute associated forces and free energies. Using the example of a neuronal adhesion protein, Contactin, we discuss the effect of pulling velocities on unfolding forces and suggest a work–velocity scaling relation, which may give an estimate of the non-equilibrium nature of SMD simulations performed in complex environments. Implications of the existence of such a scaling relation and validity of Jarzynski's equality in the context of fast unfolding velocities are also discussed. Multiple unfolding pathways and protein intermediates along these pathways have been identified.
Effects of stocking density and environmental conditions on performance, immunity, carcase characteristics, blood constitutes, and economical parameters of cobb 500 strain broiler chickens

Abstract The effects of stocking density and environmental conditions on performance, economic profit, carcase characteristics, immunity, and blood plasma parameters of Cobb 500 strain of broiler chickens were evaluated. The 4 climate regions (mild and humid, semi-arid, alpine, hot and dry) and 4 densities (10, 15, 17 and 20 chicks/m2) were carried out as a completely randomised design with 4 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. The corn and soybean based diets were formulated according to the nutrition requirements guide of the Cobb 500 for starter and grower periods. The amount and the composition of the diet were the same for all experimental groups. Growth performance and feed intake were measured weekly. After the injection of sheep red blood cell at 15 and 35 days, blood samples were taken at 24 and 42 days, respectively, to study the immunity of broiler chickens. At the end of the experiment, 3 birds were slaughtered from each experimental unit for measuring the weights of carcase, abdominal fat, gastrointestinal organs (the total weight of gastrointestinal tract and caeca, and liver) and blood parameters. The interaction effects of stocking density and climate region on feed conversion ratio (in starter period), survival rate, cost, profit, cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoproteins (HDL), HDL/low density lipoproteins (LDL) ratio, and liver enzymes aspartate aminotranferases (AST), also known as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and alanine aminotranferase (ALT) were significant (p < .05). Climate and density each had a significant effect on production index (p < .05). The highest production index was obtained in alpine climate. Moreover, the density of 10 chicks/m2 showed the highest production index. The results showed that rearing Cobb strain chickens in hot and dry climate and at the density of 17 chicks/m2 had the most economic benefit. Based on the results of this study to achieve the highest profit in different climates, a density of 17 chicks/m2 (0.633 ft2 per bird) is recommended for Cobb 500 strain chickens. Highlights Nutritional efficiency changes by environmental factors such as climate and stocking density. Obtain sufficient information to combined effect of stocking density and climate on the performance of Cobb 500 broiler chickens. The most reached profit was in the dry climate at a density of 17 chicks/m2 compared to other climates and densities.
Interferência de Euphorbia heterophylla no crescimento e acúmulo de macronutrientes da soja

The degree of weed interference depends on the density of the weeds infesting the soybean crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and mineral nutrition characteristics in soybean maintained in coexistence with increasing densities of Euphorbia heterophylla. The experiment was carried out in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, from October through December 2008, in pots maintained under open field conditions. The treatments consisted in submitting one soybean plant per pot to coexistence with 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 plants of E. heterophylla per pot, from sowing until the beginning of soybean flowering. At this period, only height and number of leaves were evaluated in soybean, while dry matter and macronutrient accumulation were evaluated in both species. Variation in plant height and reduction in the number of leaves and dry matter and macronutrient accumulation of soybean were observed due to the higher accumulation of dry matter and macronutrients per increasing densities of E. heterophylla. It was concluded that growth and macronutrient accumulation of soybean maintained in coexistence with E. heterophylla were reduced due to weed interference.
Description of the UCAR/CU Soil Moisture Product

Currently, the ability to use remotely sensed soil moisture to investigate linkages between the water and energy cycles and for use in data assimilation studies is limited to passive microwave data whose temporal revisit time is 2–3 days or active microwave products with a much longer (>10 days) revisit time. This paper describes a dataset that provides soil moisture retrievals, which are gridded to 36 km, for the upper 5 cm of the soil surface at sparsely sampled 6-hour intervals for +/− 38 degrees latitude for 2017–present. Retrievals are derived from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) constellation, which uses GNSS-Reflectometry to obtain L-band reflectivity observations over the Earth’s surface. The product was developed by calibrating CYGNSS reflectivity observations to soil moisture retrievals from NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission. Retrievals were validated against observations from 171 in-situ soil moisture probes, with a median unbiased root-mean-square error (ubRMSE) of 0.049 cm3 cm−3 (standard deviation = 0.026 cm3 cm−3) and median correlation coefficient of 0.4 (standard deviation = 0.27). For the same stations, the median ubRMSE between SMAP and in-situ observations was 0.045 cm3 cm−3 (standard deviation = 0.025 cm3 cm−3) and median correlation coefficient was 0.69 (standard deviation = 0.27). The UCAR/CU Soil Moisture Product is thus complementary to SMAP, albeit with a larger random noise component, providing soil moisture retrievals for applications that require faster revisit times than passive microwave remote sensing currently provides.
Seasonal changes in chemical composition and fatty acids of sardines (Sardina pilchardus) from the Dakhla coast (Morocco)

The sardine (Sardina pilchardus) is the most important pelagic fish on the Moroccan coasts. This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and fatty acids profile of sardines caught off the Dakhla coast on a monthly basis over a one-year period (February 2017 to January 2018). The results showed that the total lipid content varied significantly with catching season, being low in winter (1.71 % w/w) and high in summer (16.10 % w/w). These lipids have important nutritional characteristics due to their high level of n-3 fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3). The sum of EPA and DHA varied from 26.4 % to 31.3 % of total fatty acids. Moreover, sardine flesh contained between 36.4 % and 41.6 % of polyunsaturated fatty acids while saturated fatty acids ranged from 32.8 % to 38.9 %. During the one-year period, the protein and ash contents remained constant with average values equal to 18.7 % and 1.46 %, respectively, unlike moisture, which was inversely proportional to fat content. Thus, this species provides a year-long adequate diet element by offering a good source of fat and marine proteins and contributing to n-3 fatty acids intake. Keywords: Sardine, Sardina pilchardus, season, polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid
Effects of simulated grazing by below-ground herbivores on growth, CO2 exchange, and carbon allocation patterns of Bouteloua gracilis.

(1) A series of root-pruning experiments was performed to simulate the effects of grazing by root-feeding herbivores on Bouteloua gracilis. Approximately 37% (% 22 mg) of the root biomass of hydroponically grown plants was removed by clipping all roots 5 cm below the crown bases. (2) Total biomass of root-clipped plants (908 mg) was 20% lower than that of controls (1137 mg) 3 weeks after treatment. This biomass reduction was related to a 55% reduction in tiller production of treated plants. The mean rate of net photosynthesis of treated plants was 35% lower than in control plants for the first six days after treatment. For several days following root-clipping, the proportion of photosynthetically-fixed 14C allocated to roots was lower than in control plants, but this proportion increased until, by 3 weeks after treatment, the proportion allocated to roots of treated plants significantly exceeded that of controls. (3) Because of these effects on plant growth and metabolism, we suggest that below-ground herbivores may control primary production to a greater extent than would be predicted from their biomass or consumption rates.