Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mobile data collection apps

The expansion of the mobile consumer market in the last decade has resulted in the widespread availability of affordable, multifunctional tablets, and smartphones with a range of uses. Whether for scientific research or conservation practice, these devices provide a means of digital data collection that is an increasingly time- and cost-effective alternative to traditional methods. This chapter discusses recent advances in mobile data collection, especially with cloud storage, including the advantages and limitations of this emerging approach. It will also review current hardware and software options for conservation data collection, focusing on devices and apps with high customisability, and provide an overview of how these systems may be applied in conservation science. As a case study, it will examine the transition from paper to digital data collection at a primate conservation project at the Issa Valley, Tanzania. And finally, it will identify gaps and precautions in current applications of mobile data collection and suggest what lies ahead for digital data collection in conservation.
Directional sensitivity to geomagnetically induced currents of the Hydro-Quebec 735 kV power system

To examine the sensitivity to geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) of the Hydro-Quebec 735 kV power system, model calculations were made of the GIC produced by uniform electric fields directed northwards (azimuth of 0/spl deg/) and with azimuths increasing in 15/spl deg/ increments. The results show that the maximum GIC was produced in the system for an electric field bearing of 15/spl deg/. In addition the model results allow the variation of GIC amplitude with electric field direction to be examined for individual substations. Maximum GIC occurred at substations at the ends of a long transmission line when the electric field was aligned with the transmission line. >
Assessment of Material Strength Implications on Seismic Design of Tall Buildings through Collapse Analysis

High-strength materials are widely utilized in multi-story buildings with shear walls to effectively utilize floor areas and control lateral drifts. To investigate the impacts of high-strength concrete on the seismic design coefficients of shear wall-supported structures, five different designs of 60-story buildings with varying concrete strength are considered. The reference structures are designed and detailed such that they have very close periods of vibration. The large number of inelastic analyses performed at different intensity levels using twenty earthquake records and detailed fiber-based simulation models enabled the effective verification of the seismic design coefficients. The results reflect the enhanced profits and safety margins of shear wall-supported structures with increasing concrete strength. There is a possibility for increasing the design coefficients, which has several economic advantages. This systematic study provides practical insights into the seismic response of high-strength shear wall-supported tall buildings at different performance limit states and enables the verification of essential coefficients used in seismic design.
Do Amalgamations Make a Difference? What We can Learn from Evaluating the Policy Success of a Large Scale Forced Amalgamation of Local Government

Deteriorating financial sustainability of local governments internationally has resulted in increased implementation of structural reform programs as a potential solution. However, the lack of a coherent framework to evaluate policy success has resulted in a myriad of approaches being applied by scholars, sometimes with conflicting results. This inconsistency is problematic given the importance of ex post analyses to the learning process, needed to ensure better decision-making and more efficacious interventions in the future. To address this gap in the literature, we employed the policy success framework along with a number of difference-in-difference analyses to assess the impact of amalgamation following a recent large-scale program. Moreover, in cognisance of the policy success literature, we also introduced a new innovation whereby we conducted empirical estimations on the disaggregated elements of total expenditure. We conclude with an enumeration of important lessons for policymaking and scholarly analysis.
Transformerless PV Inverter Issues Revisited - Are Australian Standards Adequate?

The recent boom in residential photovoltaic system installations has led to more and more transformerless photovoltaic (PV) inverters appearing on the Australian market. Associated with these topologies are obvious benefits but also safety and operational concerns. In our work we focussed on two areas of concern: We investigated the impact of possible DC injection on AC networks (in particular effects on a distribution transformer and typical watt-hour meters) and the levels of possible capacitive leakage currents on the PV array side. Three commercially available transformerless PV inverters were used to confirm findings in the literature and assess issues in relation to the above two areas of concern with consideration of the appropriate Australian Standards. The work resulted in a number of recommendations with the most significant being the need of an amendment to AS5033 involving the compulsory earthing of PV array frames and structures in transformerless PV systems.
Blogging PhD candidature: Revealing the pedagogy

The pedagogy of the Australian PhD has not been well theorised to date. Most published material has focussed on managing the supervision process rather than on the learning of candidates. The transmission of knowledge is essentially textual, but while attention has been focussed on the processes of text production necessary for the completion of of the disciplinary project (the thesis), candidates generally do not report or often write reflections on their development as scholars/researchers - a key aspect of doctoral development. This paper explores current discussion of PhD pedagogy and proposes the use of blogs to enhance scholar/researcher development, through the foregrounding they make possible of the pedagogical relationship implicit in the PhD process and consequent revelation of some of the hidden pedagogical practices that underpin it.
MultiLexNorm: A Shared Task on Multilingual Lexical Normalization

Lexical normalization is the task of transforming an utterance into its standardized form. This task is beneficial for downstream analysis, as it provides a way to harmonize (often spontaneous) linguistic variation. Such variation is typical for social media on which information is shared in a multitude of ways, including diverse languages and code-switching. Since the seminal work of Han and Baldwin (2011) a decade ago, lexical normalization has attracted attention in English and multiple other languages. However, there exists a lack of a common benchmark for comparison of systems across languages with a homogeneous data and evaluation setup. The MULTILEXNORM shared task sets out to fill this gap. We provide the largest publicly available multilingual lexical normalization benchmark including 12 language variants. We propose a homogenized evaluation setup with both intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation. As extrinsic evaluation, we use dependency parsing and part-ofspeech tagging with adapted evaluation metrics (a-LAS, a-UAS, and a-POS) to account for alignment discrepancies. The shared task hosted at W-NUT 2021 attracted 9 participants and 18 submissions. The results show that neural normalization systems outperform the previous state-of-the-art system by a large margin. Downstream parsing and part-of-speech tagging performance is positively affected but to varying degrees, with improvements of up to 1.72 a-LAS, 0.85 a-UAS, and 1.54 a-POS for the winning system.1
Effect of Soybean Flour, Coconut Oil and Magnesium on Rats Suffering from Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver

The current research was conducted to study the effect of low-fat soybean flour, virgin coconut oil, magnesium, and all of them on rats suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sixty adult male albino rats Sprague Dawley Strain were included in this study. The rats were categorized into two main groups. The first main group (12 rats) was divided into two subgroups: "subgroup one" (6 rats) which were on basal diet BD, while " subgroup two" (6 rats) fed on a basal diet containing low-fat soybean flour which provided the diet with 14% protein, these groups used as a control negative groups (-ve). The second main group (48 rats) was on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to induce non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rats were randomly assigned to eight equal subgroups. The best results were recorded for the NAFLD groups which were treated with HFD containing low-fat soybean flour as the source of protein with replacing 20% coconut oil instead of 20% sheep tallow and supplemented with a 1000 mg magnesium/ kg diet. In conclusion, based on the findings of the current study, low-fat soybean flour, virgin coconut oil and magnesium are beneficial in fatty liver treatment.
An electronic throttle control strategy including compensation of friction and limp-home effects

Transmission friction and the return spring limp-home nonlinearity affect the performance of electronic throttle servosystems. The influence of these effects is analyzed by means of computer simulations and experiments. A novel friction model is developed, in order to adequately capture the experimentally observed characteristics of the presliding displacement and breakaway effects. A control strategy consisting of a PID controller and a compensator of friction and limp-home effects is proposed. It is verified by computer simulation and experiment.
Particles of The Standard Model In Multi-Fold Universes

In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from Entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles that they be real or virtual. Long range, massless gravity results from entanglement of massless virtual particles. Entanglement of massive virtual particles leads to massive gravity contributions at very smalls scales. Multi-folds mechanisms also result into a spacetime that is discrete, with a random walk fractal structure and non-commutative geometry that is Lorentz invariant and where spacetime nodes and particles can be modeled with microscopic black holes. All these recover General relativity at large scales and semi-classical model remain valid till smaller scale than usually expected. Gravity can therefore be added to the Standard Model. This can contribute to resolving several open issues with the Standard Model without new Physics other than gravity. These considerations hints at a even stronger relationship between gravity and the Standard Model. A subsequent analysis described how embedding a multi-fold universe in a 7D unconstrained, i.e. non compact, Kaluza-Klein (KK) flat spacetime can induce the standard model in the multi-fold spacetime. In this paper, we illustrate how computations previous derived by others in the context of a more cabalistic model can be reused and adapted to hint at extracting, from 7D unconstrained KK flat spacetime containing the multi-fold universe, many particles of the Standard Model, and very closely predicting their masses and charges. Illustrating and progressing concretely our previous assertions. With the model of our previous papers and the results obtained in this paper, the way that multi-fold mechanisms repurpose KK and other models result while avoiding many of their problems or gaps in physical interpretations; further weights in for the pertinence of multi-fold models in Physics. Our approach may also have found a duality hidden behind the Unified GEM theory in a multi-fold universe. ____
Error probability of PSK satellite communication system in the presence of noise and noisy carrier reference signal

A PSK satellite communication system consisting of earth transmitter station, uplink, satellite station, downlink and earth receiver station is considered in this paper. The synchronization reference signal is extracted by the first-order nonlinear PLL and, by assumption, this extraction is not ideal. The uplink noise influence is considered through the frequency offset of signal remitted by the satellite station (the narrowband process phase derivative fluctuations), while the downlink noise is taken into consideration through the error probability expression. The steady-state p.d. f. of phase error p(/spl phi/) for the observed system is determined as well as the total error probability P/sub c/.
Mortality Patterns among Critically Ill Children in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Sanglah Hospital

Background: The pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is a part of the hospital where critically ill pediatric patients who require advanced airway, respiratory, and hemodynamic supports. In intensive care unit (ICU) results can be assessed on the basis of outcomes such as death or survival by means of indicators such as mortality rates. The mortality in a PICU can reflect a hospital health care quality and effective management on handling with critical ill patients. Objective: To determine mortality profile of the children admitted at PICU Sanglah Hospital. Methods: A total of 100 subjects were analyzed in this study.The median age of treated subjects was 1 year with the youngest 1 month and the oldest 14 years, and the greatest age group was the 1 month-11 months age group (40%). The most subjects treated were male (55%) and 54% subjects with mild malnutrition condition. The subjects predominantly were referral patients from hospitals or other health service facilities. The average length of stay of these subjects from admission to death in PICU was 7.98 days, with length of stay of more than 3 days being higher in proportion. Of the 100 subjects, 85% were on a ventilator, 47% used central venous access and 21% received parenteral nutrition. The mean procalcitonin level was 28.64 ng/mL. The most common cause of death was sepsis (61%). Among the subjects with sepsis, Pelod score 7-10 and inotropic score ≥20 were the greatest in proportion. Conclusion: Sepsis had a higher predisposition of higher mortality rate in PICU. So the source of infection either hospital acquired or community acquired should be identified and managed aggressively.
URBAN SUSTAINABILITY AND GREEN AREAS INDICATORS IN THE CITY OF SÃO PAULO SUSTENTABILIDADE URBANA E INDICADORES DE ÁREA VERDE NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO PAULO

The present study evaluates the role of green area index and their contribution to urban sustainability and reduction of environmental inequality, taking as a case study the municipality of São Paulo, which has heterogeneous, and complex land use and occupation. The research carried out has an exploratory character with a qualitative approach, and as a result, it was found that there is no consensus in the literature on an ideal value of vegetation index in cities, due to the different scales of analysis of the studies. The value of IAVT (Total Green Area Index) calculated was 16.70 m2 of green area / inhabitant, above the ideal value of green area attributed to the World Health Organization (WHO) of 12 m2. However, only 30% of the 32 administrative regions (subprefectures) of the municipality actually have a higher index than recommended, with part of these areas being forested. Therefore, the IAVT should be used with caution in the development of policies and actions aimed at reducing environmental inequality since it has limitations, since it does not include urban afforestation, but mainly because it does not consider the share of occupation that may be more, or less, urban. The index attributed to WHO can be applied because they make cities comparable to each other, however, it is not suitable for local public policies because it does not accurately represent the population's exposure to green areas. Still, IAVT can be adopted as a decision-making parameter for the expansion of green areas in the city, such as the implementation of parks, seeking greater environmental equity.
Fabrication of Bolus from Composite of Silicone Rubber (SR)-Copper (Cu) for Radiotherapy Application

Bolus is used for therapeutic purposes in order to increase the dose to be received in cancer on the surface of the skin. In this research, the ingredients of bolus made of Silicone Rubber (SR) with an additional copper (Cu). The purpose of this study was to characterize the density, relative electron density (RED) and surface doses of boluses. Bolus is made with a thickness of 0.5 cm and a variation of weight percent (wt%) of 0 wt%, 6 wt%, 8 wt% and 10 wt% for samples A, B, C and D, respectively. Synthesis of SR-Cu bolus samples was carried out by the chemical solution deposition method. Bolus printed with dimensions 17 × 17 × 0.5 cm. Bolus is illuminated using electron beams from Linac with an energy of 8 MeV. The calculation results show that bolus density approaches the density value of soft tissue, with the highest density in sample A and the lowest in sample B. Overall the use of this bolus can increase the surface dose. At energy of 8 MeV, the highest percentage of surface dose was in sample D, while the lowest in sample A. The elasticity test of the sample was carried out using ASTM D638M-64 with the highest modulus young value in sample A and the lowest in sample B. The elasticity calculation results showed that all bolus samples with the addition of Cu powder will become more elastic. Bolus made from SR-Cu can be used as an alternative material for radiotherapy.
NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER FROM STAGGERED DISCRETE THERMAL SOURCES: STATE-OF-THE-ART

ABSTRACT. The enhancement technique for natural convection systems based on staggering vertical thermal sources has been reviewed and discussed. The potential for the heat transfer enhancement of an array of staggered, discrete, vertical surfaces is ascribed to the systematic interruption of the boundary layer caused by the short length of the discrete sources. Considering a system of uniformly heated vertical surfaces as a reference, the use of staggered, discrete surfaces gives rise to higher average heat transfer coefficients. This enhancement strategy has been adopted to increase the natural convection heat transfer from vertical channels as well as from arrays of vertical surfaces. Main applications include the thermal control of electronic equipment, solar system devices and the design of heat sink and/or heat exchanger. The most significant results presented in relevant papers are discussed and compared for the purpose of drawing the guidelines for the optimal design of such advanced thermal systems.
Schools under mandatory testing can mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2

Significance We provide causal evidence on the impact of opening schools in a situation under virus variants and substantial vaccination rates in the adult population. We show that schools under regular and mandatory rapid testing of the studentship mitigated the growth in case numbers leading to Germany’s fourth pandemic wave in autumn 2021. Our results have important implications for the design of future nonpharmaceutical interventions to mitigate the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and comparable future diseases. Keeping schools open under mandatory testing rules can provide a means to track infection rates. Our results suggest that school closures, given substantial economic and societal costs, should be thought of as the “last resort,” even if inevitable at some point.
Adaptive Curriculum Learning

Inspired by the human learning principle that learning easier concepts first and then gradually paying more attention to harder ones, curriculum learning uses the nonuniform sampling of mini-batches according to the order of examples’ difficulty. Just as a teacher adjusts the curriculum according to the learning progress of each student, a proper curriculum should be adapted to the current state of the model. Therefore, in contrast to recent works using a fixed curriculum, we devise a new curriculum learning method, Adaptive Curriculum Learning (Adaptive CL), adapting the difficulty of examples to the current state of the model. Specifically, we make use of the loss of the current model to adjust the difficulty score while retaining previous useful learned knowledge by KL divergence. Moreover, under a non-linear model and binary classification, we theoretically prove that the expected convergence rate of curriculum learning monotonically decreases with respect to the loss of a point regarding the optimal hypothesis, and monotonically increases with respect to the loss of a point regarding the current hypothesis. The analyses indicate that Adaptive CL could improve the convergence properties during the early stages of learning. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach over existing competitive curriculum learning methods.
The effect of follicle size and cryoprotectants on nuclear maturation and early embryonic development of vitrified - thawed Awassi sheep oocytes (Ovis aries)

In this study, two experiments were conducted to study the effect of both the follicle size and the cryoprotectants dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG) on the main phases of nuclear maturation (Experiment I), cleavage stages and embryo quality (Experiment II) of Awassi sheep oocytes. Follicles were classified into two groups: small follicles (SF) (1-2 mm) and large follicles (LF) (> 2 mm). Oocytes were vitrified in three solutions: A (30% DMSO), B (30% EG) and C (15% DMSO and 15% EG). In Experiment I, the resulting vitrified-thawed oocytes in solution C achieved the best rates after the control group (fresh), respectively as the rates of maturation, germinal vesicle (GV), metaphase II(M-II), arrest, and lyses were 85.71% (P = 0.04), 8.33% (P = 0.02), 72.92% (P = 0.04); LF group, 15.25% (P = 0.04), and 5.08% (P = 0.04); SF group, respectively. In Experiment II, the same group of oocytes achieved the best rates after the control group, as the rates of fertilization, cleavage, 2-16 cell, Type3, blastocyst, and Type1 embryos were 63.28% (P = 0.001), 57.46% (P = 0.001), 40.38% (P = 0.04), 38.46% (P = 0.04); LF group, 30.00% (P = 0.01), and SF group 36.67% (P = 0.001), respectively, while the vitrified-thawed oocytes in A solution (SF group) reached the highest rate of Type 2 embryo quality (58.06%; P = 0.01). No significant differences were noticed in the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), metaphase I (M-I) and morula stage. Vitrification of oocytes obtained from follicles with a diameter of more than 2 mm in a cocktail solution of DMSO (15%) and EG (15%) led to a significant increase in the yield and quality of the resulting sheep embryos.