Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Transition over a NACA 0018 Airfoil at a Low Reynolds Number

Shear layer development over a NACA 0018 airfoil at a chord Reynolds number of 100,000 was investigated experimentally. The effects of experimental setup and analysis tools on the results were also examined. The sensitivity of linear stability predictions for measured separated shear layer velocity profiles to both the analysis approach and experimental data scatter was evaluated. Analysis approaches that are relatively insensitive to experimental data scatter were identified. Stability predictions were shown to be more sensitive to the analysis approach than to experimental data scatter, with differences in the predicted maximum disturbance growth rate and corresponding frequency of approximately 35% between approaches. A parametric study on the effects of experimental setup on low Reynolds number airfoil experiments was completed. It was found that measured lift forces and vortex shedding frequencies were affected by the end plate configuration. It was concluded that the ratio of end plate spacing to projected model height should be at least seven, consistent with the guideline for circular cylinders. Measurements before and after test section wall streamlining revealed errors in lift coefficients due to blockage as high as 9% and errors in the wake vortex shedding frequency of 3.5%. Shear layer development over the model was investigated in detail. Flow visualization images linked an observed asymmetry in wake velocity profiles to pronounced vortex rollup below the wake centerline. Linear stability predictions based on the mean hot-wire profiles were found to agree with measured disturbance growth rates, wave numbers, and streamwise velocity fluctuation profiles. Embedded surface pressure sensors were shown to provide reasonable estimates of disturbance growth rate, wave number, and convection speed for conditions at which a separation bubble formed on the airfoil surface. Convection speeds of between 30 and 50% of the edge velocity were measured, consistent with phase speed estimates from linear stability theory.
Acquisition of allophonic variation in second language speech: An acoustic and articulatory study of English laterals by Japanese speakers

Acquisition of positional allophonic variation is seen as the foundation of a successful L2 speech learning. However, previous research has mostly focused on the phonemic contrast between English /l/ and /r/, providing little evidence in the acquisition of positional allophones, such as those in English /l/. The current study investigates the acoustics and articulation of allophonic variations in English laterals produced by Japanese speakers, focusing on the effects of syllabic positions and flanking vowels. Acoustic and articulatory data were obtained from five Japanese speakers in a simultaneous audio and high-speed ultrasound tongue imaging recording set-up while they read sentences containing syllable-initial and -final tokens of English /l/ in four different vowel contexts. Acoustic analysis was conducted on 500 tokens using linear-mixed effects modelling and the articulatory data were analysed using generalised additive mixed modelling. Syllable position and vowel context had significant effects on acoustics, while midsagittal tongue shape was more influenced by vowel context, with fewer positional effects. The results demonstrate that differences in acoustics not always be mirrored exactly by midsagittal tongue shape, suggesting multidimensionality of articulation in second language speech.
Ability-Motivation-Opportunity Framework: An Analysis of Interrelated Effects of HRM Practice and Leadership Style on Organizational Outcomes

This study consists of the AMO (ability-motivation-opportunity) framework to develop HPWS, interrelating these dimensions to each other and investigating their effects on employee-level organizational outcomes for better performance, productivity, and satisfaction. The mediating and moderating effects of three widely applied leadership styles (i.e., transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire) and how collectively and separately the AMO framework and leadership styles create synergistic effects on organizational outcomes are considered. Quantitative research approach is employed with survey data from 152 mid-career-level professionals from Karachi, Pakistan. Two-stage PLS-SEM technique is used. The results implicate the strong relation between AMO framework, HRM practices, and organizational outcomes.
Synthesis of Controlled-Release Calcium Peroxide Nanoparticles Coated with Dextran for Removal of Doxycycline from Aqueous System

Nanoscale calcium peroxide (nCP) has turned out to be one of the effective and environmentally friendly approaches for wastewater remediation purposes. The rapid hydrolysis of nCPs and burst oxygen release caused by the high surface-to-volume ratio of nCPs could surpass the appropriate demand for oxygenation and pollutant degradation in the aqueous system. Thus, coated oxidants (COs) have been prepared using polymeric materials to ensure long-term efficacy and slow-release capability. Therefore, the nCPs were first prepared using dextran as a stabilizer to prevent irreversible agglomeration by the chemical precipitation method and had an average mean size of 2.33 ± 0.81 nm. The synthesized nCPs were then coated with dextran to produce dextran-coated nCPs. Their characteristics and effectiveness in doxycycline (DOX) degradation were assessed. The characterization of nCPs and dextran-coated nCPs was performed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis (BET), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. This work suggests that dextran-coated nCPs are beneficial in wastewater treatment practice in terms of the long-term efficacy of DOX degradation potential.
European Journal of Educational Research Sleeping Habits Explaining Academic Vulnerability and Household Influence: Co-sleeping and the Impact on Children's Fluid Intelligence

: The main goal of this study is to examine the differences between school-aged children with different chronotypes who are only children or have a sibling in the household, regarding their sleeping habits and performance in intelligence tasks. The main measures used were Chronotype Questionnaire for Children and Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices. This study analysed 46 Portuguese children (Mean=8.67; SD=1.034, range 7-11 years of age) without sleep or educational/psychological disturbances, attending the first grade. The differences regarding chronotype and whether they were only children or not were examined. Then the performance of the sample in the Raven’s Progressive Matrices tests wa s evaluated. The Mann-Whitney U test showed that ‘only’ children had higher fluid intelligence scores only in the afternoon. The chronotype did not differentiate this population and it is concluded that the type of household is the main moderator: Not being an only child was, in general, the best predictor in the test. Results suggest that different sleeping times (e.g., bedtime and wake-up time) and different chronotypes did not have different effects. However, having siblings proved to be an advantage regarding the child ’s performance. Re-education of sleeping practices, especially examining the influence of co-sleeping in families, is essential for the intellectual development of children.
Comparison between Macro and Trace Element Concentrations in Human Semen and Blood Serum in Highly Polluted Areas in Italy

Macro and trace elements are important regulators of biological processes, including those ones linked to reproduction. Among them, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Se, and Zn ensure normal spermatic functions. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of 26 macro and trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, U, V, and Zn) in blood serum and also in semen of healthy young men, homogeneous for age, anthropometric characteristics, and lifestyle, living in three highly polluted areas in Italy. Furthermore, a comparison among three geographical areas was performed to highlight any difference in the investigated parameters and, overall, to speculate any correlations between chemical elements and semen quality. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) among the three areas were found for each investigated element, in both semen and serum samples, where inter-area differences were more evident in semen than in blood serum, suggesting human semen as an early environmental marker. Considering the homogeneity of three cohorts, these differences could be due more to environmental conditions in the recruiting areas, suggesting that variations in those involved in reproductive-associated pathways can have an impact on male fertility. Nevertheless, more research is needed to evaluate threshold values for sperm dysfunction and male infertility. Actually, the role of different dietary intake and environmental exposure underlying the observed differences in the recruiting areas is under further investigation for the same cohort.
Quarkonia suppression in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV

We estimate the modification of quarkonia yields due to different processes in the medium produced in Pb+Pb collisions at LHC energy. The quarkonia and heavy flavour cross sections calculated up to next-to-leading order (NLO) are used in the study. Shadowing corrections are obtained with the NLO EPS09 parametrization. A kinetic model is employed which incorporates quarkonia suppression inside a QGP, suppression due to hadronic comovers, and regeneration from charm pairs. The quarkonia dissociation cross section due to gluon collisions has been considered and the regeneration rate has been obtained using the principle of detailed balance. The modification in quarkonia yields due to collisions with hadronic comovers has been estimated assuming that the comovers are pions. The manifestations of these effects on the nuclear modification factors for both $J/\psi$ and $\Upsilon$ in different kinematic regions has been demonstrated for Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV in comparison with the measurements. Both the suppression and regeneration due to a deconfined medium strongly affect the low and intermediate $p_T$ range. The large observed suppression of $J/\psi$ at $p_T~>$ 10 GeV/$c$ exceeds the estimates of suppression by gluon dissociation.
Influence of sex, cigarette smoking and airway inflammation on treatable traits in CBIOPRED severe asthma

Wei Gu : Data curation (Equal), Investigation (Equal), Resources (Equal). Kian Fan Chung : Investigation (Equal), Methodology (Equal), Project administration (Equal), Supervision (Equal), Validation (Equal), Writing – original draft (Equal), Writing – review&editing(Equal). QinglingZhang :Investigation(Equal),Project administration (Equal), Writing – review & editing (Equal). Nanshan Zhong : Project administration (Equal), Supervision (Equal), Writing – review & editing (Equal).
A Laryngographic Study on the Voice Quality of Northern Vietnamese Tones under the Lombard Effect

While acoustic changes in Lombard speech are well-documented, articulatory changes are less well-studied. This study presents recent ﬁndings of Northern Vietnamese tone production in noise from an articulatory perspective, based on laryngographic evidence of voice quality. From the time domain Lx signals, jitter and shimmer were found to decrease at higher noise levels while the mean F0 and harmonics-to-noise ratio increased. Prior hypotheses predicted that creaky tones might demonstrate different degrees of glottal vibratory changes compared to the modal tones. Interaction effects were detected between tone and noise levels, and a detailed exam-ination showed that differences in Lombard effects were even found within creaky tones themselves. Furthermore, the laryngographic spectral tilt ﬂattened at increasingly higher noise levels in the frequency domain. These ﬁndings point towards reduced creakiness in the voice quality of speech produced in noise, and provide evidence that hyper-articulation starts at the sound source.
Maternal Labour Supply and Childhood Obesity in Canada: Evidence from the NLSCY

This paper investigates the socioeconomic factors affecting childhood overweight and obesity in Canada using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. In particular, I attempt to address the issue of whether an increase in the mother's work intensity is associated with an increase in the risk of the child's becoming overweight or obese. I also attempt to evaluate the causality of this relationship and the mechanisms that might facilitate this link. The results suggest that an increase in the mother's work intensity when she first returned to work in the period after the child's birth and before the child started school is associated with an increase in the risk of the child's becoming overweight or obese later in childhood. Conditional on the mother returning to work in the period between the child's birth and the start of school for the child, a 10-hour increase in the number of hours worked per week when the mother first returned to work is associated with an increase in the probability that the child later becomes overweight or obese that is in the range of 2.5 to 4 percentage points.
Partial Schauder estimates for second-order elliptic and parabolic equations: a revisit

Under various conditions, we establish Schauder estimates for both divergence and non-divergence form second-order elliptic and parabolic equations involving H\"older semi-norms not with respect to all, but only with respect to some of the independent variables. A novelty of our results is that the coefficients are allowed to be merely measurable with respect to the other independent variables.
Strain and Shear-Wave Elastography and Their Relationship to Histopathological Features of Canine Mammary Nodular Lesions

Simple Summary Canine mammary tumours are the most represented neoplastic disease in canine medicine with relevant implications for the health of dogs. Diagnostic imaging offers tools able to better define lesion characteristics to improve treatment strategies. In recent years, sonoelastography, derived from classical ultrasonography, was studied for its ability to quantify in a semi-quantitative or quantitative manner the stiffness of tissue. In this study, two different methods, one semi-quantitative, namely strain elastography, and one quantitative, namely shear-wave elastography, were compared for their ability to quantify the properties of naturally onset canine mammary tumours. Shear-wave elastography was found to be more replicable, and both techniques were correlated with the amount of connective tissue of the lesion, suggesting that this attribute is largely responsible for the stiffness of the mammary lesion. Both elastographic techniques, however, were not able to distinguish between benign and malignant mammary tumours, which had a wide variable content in the connective tissue. The findings suggest that sonoelastography is useful for characterizing connective tissue content in the canine mammary tumour but should be used in conjunction with other techniques to define the malignancy of the lesion. Abstract Mammary gland tumours have a significant impact on the health of dogs, requiring diagnostic tools to support clinicians to develop appropriate therapeutic strategies. Sonoelastography is an emerging technology that is able to define the stiffness of the tissue and has promising applications in the evaluation of mammary gland lesions. In the present study, strain elastography (STE) and shear-wave (SWE) elastography were compared in 38 mammary nodular lesions for their ability to define the histopathological features of canine mammary lesions. Among the techniques, SWE showed better repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.876), whereas STE was found to be only acceptable (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.456). Mammary nodular lesions showed a wide range of tissue stiffening with a similar mean value for STE and SWE in benign (4 ± 0.3 and 115.4 ± 12.6 kPa, respectively) and malignant lesions (3.8 ± 0.1 and 115.5 ± 4.5 kPa, respectively). A significant correlation was found between lesion fibrosis and STE (STE-I: r = 0.513, p < 0.001; STE-R: r = 0.591, p < 0.001) or SWE-S (r = 0.769; p < 0.001). In conclusion, SWE was reliable and correlated with fibrosis and was similar for both benign and malignant lesions, suggesting that other collateral diagnostic techniques should be considered in conjunction with SWE to characterize mammary nodular lesions in dogs.
Psychoeducation in impproving psychological support for caregiver of chilhood cancer: literature review

<p><strong><em>Background</em></strong><em>:</em> <em>Cancer is one of the main causes of death in the world, especially in developing countries. Cancer is not only a problem for adults but also a major health problem in children. Cancer in children is a chronic disease and responds to parents/caregivers. Psychological and emotional responses cause psychological problems and stress in parents/caregivers. One of the interventions to reduce psychological problems is psychoeducation. Family psychoeducation is a modality of therapy with the focus of treatment on the family. </em></p><p><strong><em>Objectives</em></strong><em>: To know various psycho-educational techniques and their impact on increasing caregiver psychological support </em></p><p><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong><em> The research method used is a literature review using the Proquest, Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases, with the keywords caregiver or parent or family and pediatric cancer or childhood cancer and psychoeducation or psychosocial and psychological support. </em></p><p><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>: This study provides diversity in providing psychoeducation to caregivers with cancer children. Various techniques are used in the form of positive thinking, cognitive therapy, and brief therapy, educational and psychosocial techniques. The various techniques used have a positive impact on reducing anxiety, depression, stress, and trauma, improving coping strategies and quality of life, and increasing family resilience. </em></p><strong><em>Conclusions</em></strong><em>: Psychoeducation is a nursing intervention that can be given to caregivers with childhood cancer. Psychoeducation is given to caregivers to improve the ability to care for patients and increase psychological support. </em>
BARRIERS TO THE ADOPTION OF CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES IN THE DRYLAND OF NORTHERN NIGERIA

The study assessed the different barriers that limit the adoption of climate smart agricultural practices. Farmers view on the different barriers that limit the adoption of CSAPs is an important step of determining any action to be taken to reduce the negative effects of extreme weather events. Data for the study were collected through focus group discussion and interview that was administered on 220 smallholder farmers using availability sampling procedure. The data were analyzed using frequencies, percentage and charts. The finding revealed that barriers to CSAPs adoption has been found to be an endemic problem in the drylands of northern Nigeria with poor access to fertilizer, unavailability of extension workers, inadequate capital, unavailability of equipment among others all militating against the ability of the rural dwellers to effectively take up various innovation. Some of the recommendations made that since capital constraint has been the headache of most rural farmers, therefore stakeholders should strategize on how to promote the adoptions of CSAPs in capital constraints farm household. Farmers are also encourage to form cooperative societies to enable them have access to credit facilities and other inputs needed for effective adoption of the practices
Cardiovascular Mechanisms of Exercise Intolerance in Older Patients with Heart Failure

Exercise intolerance, measured by peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2), is a hallmark feature of heart failure (HF). The effect is compounded in the elderly HF patient by aging-associated changes such as a reduction in lean muscle mass, an increase in adiposity, and a reduction in maximal heart rate and peripheral blood flow with exercise. There is a non-linear reduction in peak V̇O2 with age that accelerates in the later decades of life. Peak V̇O2 is further reduced due to central and peripheral maladaptation from HF. Central mechanisms include impaired peak heart rate, stroke volume, contractility, increased filling pressures, and a blunted vasodilatory response. Peripheral mechanisms include endothelial dysfunction, reduced blood flow to muscles, and impaired skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. This review presents a focused update on mechanisms leading to impaired aerobic capacity in older HF patients.
Metarhizium acridum and Other Entomopathogenic Fungi from Grasshoppers at Arid Sites of Northeastern Mexico

Abstract. Entomopathogenic fungi are important natural enemies of the Orthoptera, insects of great economic impact. We collected 530 live and almost 200 dead grasshoppers near Saltillo, Mexico, during 2007-2010. Less than 1% of live, incubated, and as many as 30% of dead insects were infected by Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. sensu lato (in dead insects, coinfection with Entomophaga spp.). Metarhizium acridum (Driver & Milner) Bischoff, Rehner & Humber was observed in live Schistocerca nitens Thunberg adults. Therefore, we enumerated five species of fungi from locusts and other grasshoppers at Saltillo: besides B. bassiana and M. acridum, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorokin sensu lato (all Ascomycota: Hypocreales); and Entomophaga calopteni (Bessey) Humber and Entomophaga macleodii Humber (unpublished) (Zoopagomycota: Entomophthorales). First reported in this work were M. acridum from an arid zone in the Nearctic region, S. nitens as a host of M. acridum and Entomophaga sp. in Mexico, combined infections by B. bassiana and Entomophaga spp. on melanopline grasshoppers, and new distribution records for E. calopteni in Mexico. Internal sporulation of Beauveria on large melanopline grasshoppers was observed. The impact of these natural enemies should be verified. The Chihuahuan Desert strains of M. acridum should be considered for control of North American grasshopper pests. Resumen. Los hongos entomopatógenos son importantes enemigos naturales de los ortópteros, insectos de gran impacto económico. Recolectamos 530 saltamontes vivos y cerca de 200 muertos cerca de Saltillo, México, durante 2007-2010. Menos del 1% de los insectos vivos, incubados, y hasta el 30% de los insectos muertos fueron infectados por Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. sensu lato (en insectos muertos, coinfección con Entomophaga spp.). Se observó Metarhizium acridum (Driver & Milner) Bischoff, Rehner & Humber en adultos vivos de Schistocerca nitens Thunberg. Por lo tanto, enlistamos cinco especies de hongos de langostas y otros saltamontes en Saltillo: además de B. bassiana y M. acridum, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorok. sensu lato (Ascomycota: Hypocreales); y Entomophaga calopteni (Bessey) Humber y Entomophaga macleodii Humber (sin publicar) (Zoopagomycota: Entomophthorales). Los primeros reportes en este trabajo son M. acridum, de una zona árida en la región Neártica, S. nitens como huésped de M. acridum y Entomophaga sp. en Mexico, infecciones combinadas por B. bassiana y Entomophaga spp. en saltamontes melanoplinos, y nuevos registros de distribución de E. calopteni en México. Se observó esporulación interna de Beauveria en saltamontes melanoplinos grandes. Se debe verificar el impacto de estos enemigos naturales. Las cepas del desierto de Chihuahua de M. acridum deben considerarse para el control de plagas de saltamontes de América del Norte.