Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Gallstones in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence of gallstones (GS) in Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially ulcerative colitis (UC). A systematic and thorough search was conducted on online electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) from the databases' inception to April 30th, 2022. Review Manager 5.4. 1 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen) was used for all statistical analyses and forest plots. Only studies that met inclusion criteria were selected. The selected studies were pooled using a random-effect model and the results were reported in the odds ratio (OR) with their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Ten studies met the final inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Patients with UC had significantly higher prevalence of GS than those in the control group (OR=1.67 [1.32-2.11]; p < 0.0001; I2=58%). There was also significant prevalence of GS in Crohn’s disease (CD) than those in control group (OR=2.22 [1.82, 2.69]; p < 0.00001; I2=31%). Analysis also showed the prevalence of GS in studies conducted in Asia (OR=2.00 [1.48, 2.70]; p < 0.00001; I2=80%) and Europe (OR= 1.84 [1.32, 2.55]; p = 0.0003; I2=45%) compared to the control group. This study provided a conclusive answer to whether GS is significant in UC or not. Our meta-analysis provides a well-powered estimate that there is a prevalence of GS in UC. CD is also significantly associated with GS.
A literature review on the Portuguese emigration literature and acculturation

This article discusses a statistical review done on the Observatório da Emigração’s database, which has references about the Portuguese emigration literature. The literature review aimed to fulfill two goals, i.e., to get a deeper comprehension about the appraisals regarding cultural change, and to single out the Portuguese emigration literature, according to the acculturation models, updating it. The assimilation model is pervasive in the Portuguese literature. The multicultural and the fusion models are scarce. The present article is proposing that the multicultural model should be taken into account, in order to approach the maintenance of the Portuguese culture. The fusion model should also be taken into account, because emigrants can reinterpret the Portuguese and the host cultures. Acculturation is mainly a learning process, and it causes cultural changes, due to the fusion of cultures.
Managerial Myopia and Firm Green Innovation: Based on Text Analysis and Machine Learning

Green innovation plays an important role in reducing pollution and promoting sustainable development. However, not all managers, as decision-makers of enterprises, have a long-term vision to implement green innovation. The impact of managerial myopia on firm green innovation has not been examined by existing literature. Drawn on time-oriented theory in social psychology and upper echelon theory in management, this paper puts forward the relationship between managerial myopia and firm green innovation, and then constructs a managerial myopia index by text analysis and machine learning. Using a sample of publicly listed Chinese firms from 2009 to 2020, this paper finds that managerial myopia is significantly negatively associated with firms’ green innovation. Every one standard deviation increase in managerial myopia makes enterprise green innovation decrease by about 1.9% standard deviation. Further analysis reveals that equity incentives and institutional investors both weaken the negative effect of managerial myopia on green innovation. This study contributes to the literature on green innovation and upper echelons theory and it also has several implications for firms’ engagement in green innovation.
Improving Teacher's Ability to Understand Gender Equality in the Mathematics Learning through Academic Supervision in Vocational High School

Through academic supervision, the goal of the study was to determine the rising involvement of teachers in comprehending gender equality in the mathematics learning process at SMK Negeri 6 Seluma. School action research is the sort of study. Teacher observation and student questionnaires are two methods for gathering data. According to the findings of the study, academic supervision can help teachers better comprehend gender equality in the mathematics learning process.
Heteromation in Citizen Science: The Division of Labor Between Citizens, Experts, and Machines

Citizen science is a promising field for the creation of human-machine systems with increasing computational abilities, as several projects generate large datasets that can be used as training materials for machine learning models. This paper aims to identify the forms of human-machine learning integration in citizen science projects. The fifty articles examined in this systematic review report on projects combining human and machine efforts for analyzing, coding, classifying, and clustering data provided, for example, by cameras and telescope images. Machine learning is used at various stages of the data life cycle, through algorithms that perform tasks like classification, regression, clustering, and association. The findings highlight the character of the projects as heteromated systems, wherein human participation remains crucial and volunteer and ML efforts are often positioned as complementary rather than mutually exclusive. While leveraging the complementarity of strengths is one of the main arguments to combine humans and machines and enhance their respective capabilities, essentializing the attributes of humans and machines should be avoided. Treating these attributes as stable and natural does not take into account that cognitive work will be shifting between humans and
The Polycomb-Group Gene Ezh2 Is Required for Early Mouse Development

Polycomb-group (Pc-G) genes are required for the stable repression of the homeotic selector genes and other developmentally regulated genes, presumably through the modulation of chromatin domains. Among the Drosophila Pc-G genes, Enhancer of zeste [E(z)] merits special consideration since it represents one of the Pc-G genes most conserved through evolution. In addition, the E(Z) protein family contains the SET domain, which has recently been linked with histone methyltransferase (HMTase) activity. Although E(Z)-related proteins have not (yet) been directly associated with HMTase activity, mammalian Ezh2 is a member of a histone deacetylase complex. To investigate its in vivo function, we generated mice deficient for Ezh2. The Ezh2 null mutation results in lethality at early stages of mouse development. Ezh2 mutant mice either cease developing after implantation or initiate but fail to complete gastrulation. Moreover, Ezh2-deficient blastocysts display an impaired potential for outgrowth, preventing the establishment of Ezh2-null embryonic stem cells. Interestingly, Ezh2 is up-regulated upon fertilization and remains highly expressed at the preimplantation stages of mouse development. Together, these data suggest an essential role for Ezh2 during early mouse development and genetically link Ezh2 with eed and YY1, the only other early-acting Pc-G genes.
Comparisonof¢ve rep-PCRgenomic¢ngerprintingmethods for di¡erentiationof fecal Escherichia coli fromhumans,poultryand wild birds

The development of a methodology to identify the origin of fecal pollution is important both for assessing the degree of risk posed to public health and for developing strategies to mitigate the environmental loading of pathogens associated with waterborne disease transmission. Five rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting methods, such as rep-PCR, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)PCR, ERIC2-PCR, BOX-PCR and (GTG)5-PCR, were assessed for their potential in differentiation of 232 fecal Escherichia coli isolates obtained from humans, poultry (chicken, duck and turkey) and wild birds (Canada goose and gull). Based on the results of cluster analysis and discriminant function analysis, (GTG)5-PCR was found to be the most suitable method for molecular typing of fecal E. coli, followed by BOX-PCR, REP-PCR, ERIC-PCR and ERIC2-PCR. A discriminant function analysis of (GTG)5-PCR fingerprints showed that 94.1%, 79.8%, 80.5%, 74.4%, 86.7% and 88.6% of turkey, chicken, duck, Canada goose, gull and human E. coli isolates were classified into the correct host group, respectively. Subsequently, (GTG)5-PCR was tested for its ability to track the origin of 113 environmental E. coli isolated from natural pond water. In conclusion, the (GTG)5-PCR genomic fingerprinting method can be considered as a promising genotypic tool for epidemiological surveillance of fecal pollution in aquatic environments.
Studies in Carotenogenesis

determine the isopropylidene contents of our specimens. Isolation of pigments R and Y. The combined fractions A and B were chromatographed in three batches on deactivated alumina (Goodwin et al. 1955). Three main pigment fractions were obtained: Y, R and, in much smaller amounts, hydroxy- Y. After repeated chromatography Y and R were crystallized. The combined fractions containing B were dissolved in about 30 ml. of light petroleum and transferred to a 50 ml. centrifuge tube. The solvent was then carefully reduced under N2 to about 5 ml. and placed at 00 under N2 overnight. The supernatant was poured off and the crystals were washed rapidly with a small volume of cold light petroleum, which was returned to the mother liquor. The crystals were then centrifuged and dried in a vacuum desiccator. Further crops of crystals were obtained from the mother liquor and the combined yield was recrystallized from light petroleum; yield, 35 mg. Y was similarly crystallized (yield, 13 mg.), but in the dry state it changes, even under N2, to a colourless material. In solution (light petroleum) it is stable in the dark at 00 for some considerable time and in later experiments it was kept in this form and crystallized just before use. on Y than on B. Small batches of crystalline Y were also obtained from our R. assay for vitamin A activity. Bio-assays were carried out on rats with a vitamin A-deficient diet (Lowe & Morton, 1953). When the animal showed definite signs of vitamin A deficiency (xerophthalmia together with either loss of weight or a stationary weight) the pigments were added to the diet at a level of 30,ug. /day in 0-2 ml. of refined arachis oil. The controls were given 30 jig. of ,B-carotene/day, also in 0-2 ml. of arachis oil. Reference pigments. Crystalline lycoxanthin, required for comparative isopropylidene determinations and methyla- tion experiments, was isolated from the berries of Solanum dulcamara collected in Northwest Cheshire during August 1955 (Zechmeister & Cholnoky, 1936) and a chromatographically homogeneous specimen of capsanthin was ob- tained from red peppers bought commercially (Goodwin, 1956a).
Cryotherapy as Adjunct Treatment for Fibromyalgia

Common symptoms associated with fibromyalgia are chronic widespread pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, depression, and cognitive dysfunction. Cryotherapy, which is commonly used in sports medicine, is used to alleviate pain and inflammation by exposing the body to cold temperatures maintained at -110°C and below. Recent evidence has shown that cryotherapy has a potential beneficial role in treating fibromyalgia. This review summarizes the unknown etiology of fibromyalgia, first-line treatment options for fibromyalgia, and how cryotherapy can be effective in reducing fibromyalgia symptoms. Cryotherapy might be useful adjunctive treatment but further research is still needed with larger sample sizes.
Error-Correction using Low Density Parity Check Codes

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes had a renaissance when they were also showed that we can come arbitrarily close to this limit using error-correcting. 34. 2.2 Error correction using parity checks. 34. 2.2. 1 Low-density parity-check codes. 37. 2.3 Encoding. 40. 2.3. 1 (Almost) lineartime encoding for LDPC codes. stream, limited number of errors can be corrected using. Forward error correction (FEC) codes. present LDPC codes are the best error correcting codes.
Firm-specific information variation and financial analysts’ target price forecasts

We examine the relation between firm-specific information and financial analysts’ target price forecast accuracy. The motivation for this study originates from the recent increased release of analysts’ target price forecasts and the developing literature on the understandings of analysts’ target prices forecasting. Our study shows that as more firm-specific information exists, the degree of information asymmetry between insiders (i.e., management) and outsiders (i.e., investors) increases and as a result, firm-specific information affects analysts’ target price forecast accuracy negatively. Specifically, we find that when firm-specific information is high, analysts’ target price forecasts for firms with more firm-specific information are less accurate. These results suggest that there exists an inefficiency of financial analysts in reflecting the implications of firm-specific information into their target price forecasts. ○C 2017IRABF All rights reserved.
Investigating Polyphenol Nanoformulations for Therapeutic Targets against Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a fatal metabolic disorder, and its prevalence has escalated in recent decades to a greater extent. Since the incidence and severity of the disease are constantly increasing, plenty of therapeutic approaches are being considered as a promising solution. Many dietary polyphenols have been reported to be effective against diabetes along with its accompanying vascular consequences by targeting multiple therapeutic targets. Additionally, the biocompatibility of these polyphenols raises questions about their use as pharmacological mediators. Nevertheless, the pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical properties of these polyphenols limit their clinical benefit as therapeutics. Pharmaceutical industries have attempted to improve compliance and therapeutic effects. However, nanotechnological approaches to overcome the pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical barriers associated with polyphenols as antidiabetic medications have been shown to be effective to improve clinical compliance and efficacy. Therefore, this review highlighted a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of polyphenol nanoformulations in the treatment of diabetes and vascular consequences.
A Literature Review of Trust Repair in HRI

Trust is vital for effective human-robot teams. Trust is unstable, however, and it changes over time, with decreases in trust occurring when robots make mistakes. In such cases, certain strategies identified in the human-human literature can be deployed to repair trust, including apologies, denials, explanations, and promises. Whether these strategies work in the human-robot domain, however, remains largely unknown. This is primarily because of the fragmented and dispersed state of the current literature on trust repair in HRI. As a result, this paper brings together studies on trust repair in HRI and presents a more cohesive view of when apologies, denials, explanations, and promises have been seen to repair trust. In doing so, this paper also highlights possible gaps and proposes future work. This contributes to the literature in several ways but primarily provides a starting point for future research and recommendations for studies seeking to determine how trust can be repaired in HRI.
Wandering astray: Teenagers’ choices of schooling and crime

We build and estimate a dynamic model of teenagers’ choices of schooling and crime, incorporating four factors that may contribute to the different paths taken by different teenagers: heterogeneous endowments, unequal opportunities, uncertainties about one’s own ability, and contemporaneous shocks. We estimate the model using administrative panel data from Chile that link school records with juvenile criminal records. Counterfactual policy experiments suggest that, for teenagers with disadvantaged backgrounds, interventions that combine mild improvement in their schooling opportunities with free tuition (by adding 157 USD per teenager-year to the existing high school voucher) would lead to an 11% decrease in the fraction of those ever arrested by age 18 and a 13% increase in the fraction of those consistently enrolled throughout primary and secondary education.
Synaptic proteome compensation and resilience to psychosis in Alzheimer Disease homogenate and postsynaptic density fractions from an APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mouse model of

Objective— The presence of psychosis in Alzheimer disease denotes an Alzheimer disease phenotype with more rapid cognitive deterioration than that which is present in Alzheimer disease without psychosis. Discovery of novel pharmacotherapies which engage therapeutic targets for prevention or treatment of Alzheimer disease with psychosis would benefit from identifying the neurobiology of resilience to psychosis in Alzheimer disease. Method— Quantitative immunohistochemistry was used to measure multiple neuropathologies in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from early and middle-stage Alzheimer disease subjects who differed based on psychosis status. Synaptic proteins were quantified by liquid-chromatography/ mass spectrometry in gray matter homogenates from these subjects and from neuropathologically unaffected subjects. The synaptic proteome was similarly evaluated in cortical amyloidosis with germline reduction in Kalrn, which was previously shown to confer resilience to progression of psychosis-associated behaviors relative to APPswe/PSEN1dE9 alone. Results— Alzheimer disease subjects without psychosis had higher levels of synaptic proteins compared to Alzheimer disease subjects with psychosis and to control subjects. Neuropathologic burden predicted less than 20% of the variance in psychosis status and did not account for the synaptic protein level differences between groups. Reduction of Kalrn in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice resulted in higher levels of synaptic proteins in cortical homogenate and normalized protein levels in the postsynaptic density. Conclusions— Accumulation of synaptic proteins, particularly those which are enriched in the postsynaptic density, is associated with resilience to psychosis in Alzheimer disease. One candidate mechanism for this synaptic proteome compensation is alteration in levels of proteins which facilitate the transport of synaptic proteins to and from the postsynaptic density. Alzheimer disease with psychosis subjects exhibit no difference from controls (C), suggesting a lack of synaptic protein compensation in the Alzheimer disease with psychosis group.
the uptake and accumulation of in nerves after with and a inhibitor

it is predominantly inactivated by catechol-O-methyltransferase, whilst the other is predominantly degraded by monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the tissue itself (Kopin, 1966). Some of the animal data drawn on to reach this conclusion have, however, been criticized (Smith, 1966) on the grounds that the tyramine dosage used was excessive and might have acted as a competitive MAO inhibitor. The present study was carried out to establish whether data compatible with the hypothesis could be obtained in man, using comparatively low drug dosage. At intervals, six adult male volunteers were injected intravenously and with suitable precautions, with placebo, tyramine (2 mg), (+)-amphetamine (10 mg), prenylamine (30 mg) and reserpine (1.25 mg). Urine collections made at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hr were analysed for total metadrenalines, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (VMA) and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol (HMPG) by methods previously employed (Sandler & Ruthven, 1966).
Equity Incentives, Pay Gap and the Cost of Equity Capital: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies

This study explores the effects of equity incentives on the cost of equity capital from the perspective of pay gap, which has not received much attention in research on Chinese listed companies. We find that the implementation of the equity incentive plan has a significantly positive effect on the pay gap in enterprise. By dividing enterprise pay gap into the internal executive pay gap and the executiveemployee pay gap, we find that under the influence of equity incentives, firms with large internal executive pay gap have a significantly lower cost of equity capital according to tournament theory; however, the executive-employee pay gap has a significantly positive effect with the cost of equity capital, which is consistent with behavioral theory’s prediction. Furthermore, we find that the enterprises’ ownership and regions’ development level are playing an important role in the effect that equity incentives act upon the cost of equity capital. The findings make incremental contributions on studying the economic consequences of China’s equity incentive plan, and we quest the implications of these findings for reforming Chinese Volume 5, No. 3/4, Fall/Winter 2013 Page 3~34 2013 Equity Incentives, Pay Gap and the Cost of Equity Capital: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies 4 remuneration distribution system and adding some new empirical evidence for regulating pay gap theories applied in Chinese listed companies research. JEL Code: G34, J31, J33, J38
Intra-Industry Diversification and Firm Efficiency: A Study of the U.S. Insurance Industry

This study contributes to our understanding of the consequences of corporate diversification on firm efficiency by examining one case of intra-industry product diversification. Specifically, the study uses a sample of public and private firms that operate in the U.S. property-liability and life insurance markets. Using a version of Varian's Weak Axiom of Profit Maximization to measure firm efficiency, I compare relative performance of multi-product insurers to the performance of specialized insurers. A cross-sectional analysis of the effects of diversification across the property-liability and life insurance segments, as well as the extent of product diversification within each segment, on firm efficiency is performed. The findings of the study provide strong support for the agency-cost explanation of firms’ decisions to diversify. I find that insurers that provide both property-liability and life insurance tend to be less efficient than specialized insurers. The degree of product diversification within each of the two insurance segments also negatively impacts insurer efficiency. J.E. L. Classifications: D2, D92; G22
Goodwill and Networth Covenants and SFAS 141 and 142

This paper studies the association between goodwill and net-worth covenants after the adoption of Statements of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141 and 142 (SFAS 141 and 142). Building on Frankel, Seethamraju, and Zack (2008)’s finding that the use of net-worth covenants that include goodwill in the net-worth calculation moderately declined after SFAS 141 and 142, this paper extends their sample period to a longer time-series to mitigate the concerns of compounding events in around year 2000 and also investigate the differential effect of SFAS 141 and 142 on firms with different levels of goodwill. The results show the standards do not have a negative impact on the use of net-worth covenants, suggesting that the standards do not reduce the usefulness of goodwill for debt-contracting purpose. The findings of this study should be informative to the U.S. and international accounting standard-setters that are working togther on revising goodwill accounting.
Gender Diversity in the Audit and Compensation Committee , Firm Performance , Risk and Pay-Performance Sensitivity

* Corresponding author, Department of Finance, National Changhua University of Education, No.2, Shi-Da Road, Changhua City, Taiwan, R.O. C. Tel. : 047-232105#7350; Fax: 047-211290; e-mail: ychang@cc.ncue. edu.tw Gender Diversity in the Audit and Compensation Committee, Firm Performance, Risk and Pay-Performance Sensitivity