Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
System Journal of Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone Journal of Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System Persistent Effect of Treatment with Candesartan Cilexetil on Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Journal of Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System Additional Services and Information for Journal of the Renin- A

We have investigated whether the angiotensin II type-1 (AT 1) receptor antagonist, candesartan cilexetil, has a persistent effect on blood pressure even after withdrawal of treatment, as has been shown consistently for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-1). Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were divided into four groups (n=16 per group) and treated with candesartan cilexetil (high-dose: 5 mg/kg/day; middle-dose: 1 mg/kg/day; low-dose: 0.5 mg/kg/day) or control from age four weeks to 20 weeks. Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were also investigated. The drug was given in the drinking water, the concentration adjusted for water consumption and rat weight. Blood pressure (BP) was measured regularly by the indirect tail-cuff method during the treatment period and after treatment, from age 20 weeks to 32 weeks. At age 20 weeks, candesartan treatment had caused a slight reduction in body weight, an increase in water consumption and a reduction in heart rate. During treatment, candesartan caused a dose-dependent reduction in BP. After withdrawal of treatment, BP increased but remained lower than that of untreated control SHR for the medium-and high-dose groups throughout the follow-up period, the reduction being 8–11% at the end of follow-up. At age 32 weeks, there was no significant difference between the three candesartan-treated groups. We conclude that treatment with the AT 1-receptor antagonist candesartan has a modest persistent effect on BP after withdrawal of treatment. Introduction It is normally considered that antihypertensive treatment is symptomatic, and that it is lifelong. There is, however, clear evidence from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model that limited treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) has a persistent hypoten-sive effect even after withdrawal of treatment. Thus, treatment of SHR for a few months with captopril, 1 perindopril 2-4 or cilazapril 5 from the age of about four weeks prevents blood pressure (BP) rising to control (untreated) levels when the treatment is stopped, BP remaining 15–25% below control levels for up to 12 weeks after treatment withdrawal. The time-window for this effect is thought to be prior to maturity. 3 The effect appears to be specific, in that persistent effects are not seen following treatment with other antihypertensive agents such as hydralazine, calcium channel block-ers or beta-blockers.
Crystal structure of betulinic acid-DMSO solvate

Abstract The crystal structure of betulinic acid-DMSO (1:1) solvate has been determined. The betulinic acid, [3β-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid, C30H48O3] is considered as a promising natural agent for the clinical treatment for various types of cancer. Crystals of betulinic acid for X-ray structural analysis were grown from a DMSO-water (9:1, v/v) solution. Betulinic acid-DMSO (1:1) solvate crystallizes in the orthorhombic symmetry the P212121 space group, Z = 4. The unit cell parameters are as follows: cell lengths a = 6.9417(2) Å, b = 13.8559(5) Å, c = 31.6232(10) Å, V = 3041.63(17) Å3. Betulinic acid molecules are hydrogen bonded to DMSO molecules. The weak intermolecular hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions are present in the crystal structure. The crystal and molecular structures of betulinic acid-DMSO solvates are discussed with reference to betulin and betulinic acid derivatives.
Influences of Physicochemical Characteristics of Rice Flour and Cassava Starch on the Gelation of Calcium-Induced Egg Albumen-Flour Composite

Mechanical properties of calcium-induced composite gel made of egg albumen (EA) containing 15% protein (w/v) and 30% of rice flour (RF), cassava starch (CS) or a mixture of RF and CS at the ratio of 1:1, added with 0-70 mM calcium lactate and 1% of i-carrageenan were characterized. The twophase exponential decay model suggests that the calcium lactate concentration did not have significant effect on the stress decay mechanism of the flour-protein composite gel (p ≥0.05). However, the type of flour filler regulated the stress decay behavior (p<0.05). This was due to the high content of flour to protein ratio in the composite. Such protein to starch ratio led to the close-packing composite structure, where the swollen starch granules packed densely within the continuous EA protein matrix. The EA-CS composite gel relaxed faster and to a much higher extent than the EA-RF gel. This was likely to be due to the high capacity of CS to absorb water, which weakened the strength of the granule after the composite structure was heated during structure-forming process. In addition to the lower water absorption ability of RF compared with CS (p<0.05), light micrograph revealed that the reinforcement mechanisms of RF could be due to the higher number of granular particles per unit volume of the RF in the composite gel and the aggregation of the swollen and deformed amylose-rich fraction of the RF after heat-treatment. The aggregation of CS granules and remnants was not evident in the heated EA-CS composites.
Risk analysis and revenue distribution of cassava farming as an impact of climate change in Wonogiri Regency

The geographical condition of Wonogiri Regency is agro climatically suitable for the cultivation of cassava. The management of cassava cultivation certainly has risks that can occur from natural factors, such as climate, weather, floods, as well as pests and diseases, during the cultivation process, price risks, etc., and ultimately will have an impact on farmers’ income. Cassava risk analysis due to climate change is an interesting topic to research because it can cause huge losses that affect farmers’ incomes and income inequality of cassava farmers. The study aims to (1) identifies the impact of climate change on cassava farming, (2) analyze the income of cassava farmers as a result of climate change, (2) analyze the risks of cassava farming from the impacts of climate change. The research method used is a survey with purposive sampling in the determination of sub-districts and villages, selected Ngadirojo Subdistrict, cassava farmers took 60 farmers in simple random sampling. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis, frequency analysis, revenue analysis, and risk analysis. The results showed that there was a 12.43% change in income due to climate change as measured by the delay in the growing season and product quality. There is a change in quality and quantity in three types of cassava market in Wonogiri Regency, namely (1) wet cassava market, (2) dry cassava market (gaplek), (3) industrial market that goes directly into the factory. Risk analysis obtained coefficient of variation (CV) of 0.503 which means that the average income risk faced by farmers is classified as risky in the low category (CV>0.5), with the lower limit value (La) showing Rp. 28,121.82 which means that in running a cassava cultivation business, farmers must dare to bear the risk of income of Rp. 28,121.82 (12.47%) in one period of cultivation.
Estimation of solid-state sintering and material parameters using phase-field modeling and ensemble four-dimensional variational method

Sintering is a fundamental technology for powder metallurgy, the ceramics industry, and additive manufacturing processes such as three-dimensional printing. Improvement of the properties of sintered materials requires prediction of their microstructure using numerical simulations. However, the physical values and material parameters used for such predictions are generally unknown. Data assimilation (DA) enables the estimation of unobserved states and unknown material parameters by integrating simulation results and observational data. In this paper, we develop a new model that couples an ensemble-based four-dimensional variational (En4DVar) DA with a phase-field model of solid-state sintering (En4DVar-PF model) to estimate the state of the sintered material and multiple unknown material parameters. The developed En4DVar-PF model is validated by numerical experiments called twin experiments, in which a priori assumed-true initial state and multiple material parameters are estimated. The results of the twin experiments demonstrate that, using only three-dimensional morphological data of the sintered microstructure, our developed En4DVar-PF model can simultaneously and accurately estimate the particle shape, distribution of grain boundaries, and material parameters, including diffusion coefficients and mobilities related to grain boundary migration. Furthermore, our work identifies criteria for determining appropriate DA conditions such as the observational time interval required to accurately estimate the material parameters using our developed model. The developed En4DVar-PF model provides a promising framework to obtain unobservable states and difficult-to-measure material parameters in sintering, which is crucial for the accurate prediction of sintering processes and for the development of superior materials.
Salinity and potassium fertilizer on growth and proline of the medicinal plant Pereskia bleo

There is strong observational evidence that climate change patterns impact the salinization of agricultural land in some countries. It is suspected that a significant increase in soil salinity of the root zone occurs due to the impact of prolonged drought conditions. Rainfall in Indonesia is strongly influenced by EL NINO and LA NINA/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, and global warming will cause ENSO events to occur more frequently. Salinity will provide adverse effects, such as plant growth, by decreasing leaf water potential, morphological and physiological changes, increased osmotic stress, and changes in biochemical processes. Potassium has some role in plants, including medium nutrient transportation, resistance to drought, expanding root growth, and enzyme activation. This study aims to find out the tolerance of the Pereskia bleo plant to salinity and the effect of applying Potassium in growth with proline indicators. The study used a Completely Randomized Design with 2 factors (NaCl 0 ppm; 4 ppm; 8 ppm/plant and KCl 0 g; 1.5 g; 3 g/plant). The results showed that salinity has a significant effect on growth, and there is an interaction between salinity and potassium fertilizer on proline. In general, the application of potassium fertilizer increases the tolerance ability of Pereskia bleo plants to salinity.
High availability of alachlor affects the roots and general growth of sunflower seedlings

The tolerance to alachlor [α-chloro-2′,6′? diethyl-N-(metoxy- methyl) acetanilide] of three sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars was evaluated in an aqueous medium in a glass- house. Alachlor (0.79 - 6.32 mg L−1) caused significant reductions in the root and shoot growth of sunflower seedlings exposed to the herbicide in nutrient solution. The roots of seed- lings exposed to alachlor became progressively shorter, thicker and darker in colour as the herbicide concentration increased. Differential cultivar tolerance was demonstrated.
Solvothermal Synthesis of CdS Nano/Micro Rods and Their Photocatalytic Activity

Here in, we have synthesized one dimensional CdS nano/micro rods using solvothermal reaction technique at 200 � C for 12 and 48 hrs respectively. The synthesized material was characterized using various spectroscopic techniques such as, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Diffuse reflectance UV-visible absorbance (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD confirms the formation of crystalline CdS having hexagonal structure. The band gap observed to be around ∼ 2.4 eV in both the cases. FE-SEM indicates the formation of one dimensional CdS nano rods. The CdS synthesized at 200 � C for 12 hrs have diameter ∼ 15 nm and length ∼ 150 to 200 nm. Whereas, CdS synthesized for 48 hrs shows increase in length from nanometer to several microns. Overall, with increase in reaction time the aspect ratio increases. TEM also confirms the formation of uniform size one dimensional (1D) CdS nanostructures. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by following the degradation of 10 ppm methylene blue (MB) solution under 400 W mercury vapor lamp. CdS synthesized with lower reaction time shows less photocatalytic activity as compare to CdS synthesized at higher reaction time. Photocatalytic MB degradation using 1D CdS follows pseudo first order reaction kinetics, the observed apparent rate constant (Kapp) values for MB degradation using CdS synthesized for 12 and 48 hrs are 0� 91 × 10 −2 and 1� 04 × 10 −2 min −1 respectively.
Molecular dynamics study of pyrene excimer formation and oxidation in lipid bilayer models

Nous proposons une nouvelle approche pour determiner le coefficient de diffusion dans des membranes lipidiques se basant sur la formation d'excimeres. Alors que les autres modeles statistiques considerent le systeme comme un ensemble de points sur un reseau, nous utilisons un modele a gros grain afin d'etudier des bicouches lipidiques simulees a l'aide du champs de force Martini. Nous determinons le taux de reaction dependant du temps a partir des probabilites de survie obtenues a posteriori a l'aide des trajectoires numeriques des bicouches symetriques de DOPC (1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) et POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) simulees a 283 K et 293 K respectivement. Les dynamiques de collision sont obtenues en distinguant virtuellement les molecules simulees. Les sondes fluorescentes sont supposees semblables aux lipides, et par consequent, ne modifient pas la dynamique. Nous obtenons une expression generale pour la probabilite de survie en combinant approximation des paires independantes et proprietes d'echelle, mais aucune hypothese n'est faite pour le taux de formation d'excimere. En superposant les intensites d'emission de fluorescence normalisees, determinees numeriquement, aux courbes de titrations experimentales, nous obtenons deux ensembles de resultats pour le coefficient de diffusion lateral, selon que l'association entre feuillets est autorisee ou pas. Nous utilisons un rayon de capture de 0.5 nm, la distance a partir de laquelle les deux sondes reagissent pour former un excimere. En comparant la dynamique Martini aux experiences de fluorescence, il est possible d'estimer le facteur d'acceleration.
Glacier and Rock Glacier changes since the 1950s in the La Laguna catchment, Chile

Abstract. Glaciers and rock glaciers play an important role in the hydrology of the semi-arid Northern Chile. Several studies show that glaciers have strongly lost mass in response to climate change during the last decades. The response to rock glaciers in this region is, however, much less investigated. In this study we use a combination of historical aerial photography, stereo satellite imagery, airborne LiDAR, and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM to report glacier changes for the Tapado Glacier-Rock Glacier complex from the 1950s to 2020 and to report mass balances for the glacier component of the complex, Tapado Glacier. Furthermore, we examine high-resolution elevation changes and surface velocities between 2012 and 2020 for 40 rock glaciers in La Laguna catchment. Our results show how the glacier has lost 25.2 ± 4.6 % of its ice covered area between 1956 and 2020, while the mass balance of Tapado Glacier has become steadily more negative, from being approximately in balance between 1956 and 1978 (−0.04 ± 0.08 m w.e. a−1) to showing strong losses between 2015 and 2020 (−0.32 ± 0.08 m w.e. a−1). Climatological (re)-analyses reveal a general increase in air temperature, decrease in humidity, and variable precipitation since the 1980s in the region. In particular the severe droughts in the region starting in 2010 resulted in a particular negative mass balance of −0.54 ± 0.10 m w.e. a−1 between 2012 and 2015. The rock glaciers within La Laguna catchment show heterogenous changes with some sections of landforms exhibiting pronounced elevation changes and surface velocities exceeding that of Tapado Glacier. This could be indicative of high ice contents within the landforms and also highlights the importance of considering how landforms can transition from more glacial landforms to more periglacial features under permafrost conditions. As such, we believe high-resolution (sub-metre) elevation changes and surface velocities are a useful first step for identifying ice-rich landforms.
A Latent Variable Model for Measurement Error in a Skewed Regressor

When modeling covariate measurement error in regression , it is typically assumed that the measurement error acts in an additive or multiplicative manner on the true covariate value. However, such assumptions do not hold for the measurement error of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The true covari-ate is the severity of SDB, and the observed sur-rogate covariate is the number of breathing pauses during unit time of sleep, which has a non-negative skewed distribution with a point mass at zero. We propose a latent variable measurement error model to characterize the error structure in this situation and implement it in longitudinal and cross-sectional data analysis settings. A regression calibration approach with a structural assumption is used to estimate parameters. Our model demonstrates that in some situations, supplemental data are not needed for the measurement error model to be identifiable.
Documents de Travail du Centre d ’ Economie de la Sorbonne High Watermarks of Market Risks

We present several estimates of measures of risk amongst the most well-known, using both high and low frequency data. The aim of the article is to show which lower frequency measures can be an acceptable substitute to the high precision measures, when transaction data is unavailable for a long history. We also study the distribution of the volatility, focusing more precisely on the slope of the tail of the various risk measure distributions, in order to define the high watermarks of market risks. Based on estimates of the tail index of a Generalized Extreme Value density backed-out from the high frequency CAC40 series in the period 1997-2006, using both Maximum Likelihood and L-moment Methods, we, finally, find no evidence for the need of a specification with heavier tails than in the case of the traditional lognormal hypothesis.
Polysulfone/Vanillin Microcapsules Production Based on Vapor-Induced Phase Inversion Precipitation

Polysulfone microcapsules containing vanillin were previously prepared by using a method based on phase inversion by immersion precipitation. Liquid water was used as the nonsolvent. Characteristics of that product were promising but further research was required. This work aims to prepare similar capsules by using vapor water as nonsolvent (vapor-induced phase inversion precipitation). The precipitation technique effect on capsules morphology and performance was studied. The products were morphologically characterized and significant differences were found only in the cross-section structure: if liquid water was used, macrovoids appeared in the wall; whereas by using water vapor, sponge-like structures were obtained. Finally, vanillin release was characterized, and release trends were the same for both preparations. Thus, the proposed process allowed the obtainment of capsules with similar performance. In addition, the use of water vapor showed a reduction of water consumption during the preparation.
The Sorption of Niobium, Tin, Iodine and Chlorine onto Nirex Reference Vault Backfill

UK Nirex Ltd is proposing to develop a deep underground repository for the disposal of solid low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes in the UK, and is currently investigating Sellafield in Cumbria as a possible site. The Nirex Safety Assessment Research Programme (NSARP) comprises scientific research to support the post-closure performance assessment of the repository. One of the investigations carried out by AEA Technology under the NSARP is the study of the sorption of radionuclides onto the backfill. Sorption is one of the key parameters determining the rate of release of radionuclides from the repository. The radionuclides present in the waste include 94 Nb, 126 Sn, 129 I and 36 Cl. This paper reports the measurement of the sorption of niobium, tin, iodine and chlorine onto the Nirex reference vault backfill at 20±5°C by the batch sorption method. The temperature dependence of tin sorption was investigated by carrying out additional experiments at 77±5°C. Experiments on niobium solubility and sorption were carried out under saline conditions to reflect the nature of the groundwater at Sellafield. Sorption coefficients (Rd) for niobium are within the range measured in other work, whereas for tin the results are a factor of ten lower than literature values. For iodine and chlorine, the results are consistent with the literature; they also show an increase in Rd with decreasing initial inventory. The Rd values for niobium and tin are significantly higher than those for chlorine and iodine.
Hypoxia-inducible factors and obstructive sleep apnea

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a widespread disorder of breathing. This Review focuses on the role of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cognitive decline in experimental models of IH patterned after O 2 profiles seen in OSA. IH increases HIF-1 α and decreases HIF-2 α protein levels. Dysregulated HIFs increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) through HIF-1–dependent activation of pro-oxidant enzyme genes in addition to reduced transcription of antioxidant genes by HIF-2. ROS in turn activate chemoreflex and suppress baroreflex, thereby stimulating the sympathetic nervous system and causing hypertension. We also discuss how increased ROS generation by HIF-1 contributes to IH-induced insulin resistance and T2D as well as disrupted NMDA receptor signaling in the hippocampus, resulting in cognitive decline.
Atmosphere Controlled Processing of Ga-Substituted Garnets for High Li-Ion Conductivity Ceramics

Ga-substituted La3Zr2Li7O12 garnet is shown to be a promising Li-ion conducting electrolyte material. The strategy adopted in this study is the substitution of Li by Ga, thereby creating Li vacancies and enhancing the Li conductivity. Solid State Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS NMR) measurements have been used to identify the location of the substituted Ga in the structure and its effect on the Li distribution and mobility. In addition MAS NMR was used to follow the effect of protonation due to atmospheric moisture on the sintering behavior of these materials. In particular, it is shown that the Ga atoms are located in tetrahedral positions promoting the random distribution of lithium over the available sites, hence promoting an increase in the conductivity. Control of the sintering conditions by using a dry O2 atmosphere leads to the formation of dense ceramic materials and avoids the degradation process due to the exchange of Li+ by H+ from atmospheric moisture. Electrochemical Impe.