Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Near-Infrared Study of a Homogeneous Sample of Optically Selected Active Galactic Nuclei. I. The Observations

We present IR observations of a homogeneous sample of Seyfert 1 galaxies that we also observed with CCDs in optical bands. We have K-band frames for 41 objects, and JHKL photometry for 2 7 of these with the UK Infrared Telescope. Methods of separating the galaxian and nuclear fluxes are presented and discussed. The nuclear and galaxian K magnitudes are derived with their errors. Our data support the claim that Seyfert galaxies usually are early-type spiral or S0 galaxies
A model of intense downdrafts driven by the melting and evaporation of precipitation

Abstract A ono-dimensioral time-dependent model of a downdraft driven by the melting and evaporation of precipitation and precipitation loading is formulated. Equations for particle melting, particle evaporation, particle concentration, precipitation content, thermodynamic energy, and vertical air velocity are formulated and solved numerically. In the environment, the lapse rate of temperature and the relative humidity are prescribed. At the top of the downdraft column, the temperature, relative humidity, vertical air velocity, and the phase and size distribution of the precipitation particles are prescribed. Two types of particle size distribution are considered: a distribution consisting of a single exponential function of the negative of the particle diameter, and a distribution consisting of two exponential functions of different slopes joining continuously at a melted diameter of 3 mm. The effects of lapse rate of environmental temperature, precipitation content, its phase and size distribution on th.
Scattering of Dipole Field by a Finite Conducting and a Finite Impedance Cylinder

Scattering of a spherical wave by a finite PEC and a finite impedance cylinder is studied theoretically. Source of excitation is spherical wave is produced by a dipole with arbitrary orientation. First we derive surface fields induced on an infinite cylinder when it is illuminated by an arbitrary oriented dipole. By the use of the currents on the infinite cylinder excited by an arbitrarily oriented dipole, approximate expressions for two components of the far-zone scattered electric field of a finite PEC and a finite impedance cylinder are derived. The validity of the approximation depends on the conditions that the cylinder must be long compared to the wavelength. The theoretical results are compared to the available results in the literature.
An approximate method to estimate ac loss in tape-wound superconducting coils

An approach to estimate the hysteretic loss in a coil wound with superconducting tape is presented. The loss depends on magnetic fields in the superconductor at peak coil current. For a given total current, the fields depend on how the current is distributed across the tape width. The loss is calculated as a function of a single parameter characterizing a range of plausible current distributions. The minimum should represent an upper bound to the actual loss. Results are presented for a specific pancake coil example, both isolated and incorporated as part of an assembly of stacked, identical coils.
Visual contribution to speech intelligibility in noise

Oral speech intelligibility tests were conducted with, and without, supplementary visual observation of the speaker's facial and lip movements. The difference between these two conditions was examined as a function of the speech‐to‐noise ratio and of the size of the vocabulary under test. The visual contribution to oral speech intelligibility (relative to its possible contribution) is, to a first approximation, independent of the speech‐to‐noise ratio under test. However, since there is a much greater opportunity for the visual contribution at low speech‐to‐noise ratios, its absolute contribution can be exploited most profitably under these conditions.
Endpoint estimates and weighted norm inequalities for commutators of fractional integrals

We prove that the commutator [b, Iα], b ∈ BMO, Iα the fractional integral operator, satisfies the sharp, modular weak-type inequality f(x) tdx, where B(t) = tlog(e + t) and Ψ(t)=[tlog(e + tα/n)]n/(n−α). These commutators were first considered by Chanillo, and our result complements his. The heart of our proof consists of the pointwise inequality, M#([b, Iα]f)(x) ≤ CbBMO [Iαf(x) + Mα,Bf(x)], where M# is the sharp maximal operator, and Mα,B is a generalization of the fractional maximal operator in the scale of Orlicz spaces. Using this inequality we also prove one-weight inequalities for the commutator; to do so we prove one and two-weight norm inequalities for Mα,B which are of interest in their own right. [b, Iα]f(x)
Oscillations in the Photosphere of a Sunspot Umbra from the Inversion of Infrared Stokes Profiles

We report on the detection of magnetic field strength and velocity oscillations in the photosphere of a sunspot umbra. Our analysis is based on the inversion of the full Stokes vector of three Fe I lines at 15650 Å, from which the stratification with optical depth of the different atmospheric parameters has been derived. This allows us to estimate the amplitude of the oscillations and the phase lag between the fluctuations in the line-of-sight velocity and field strength. Our results suggest that the inferred magnetic field oscillations are caused by opacity fluctuations that move upward and downward the region where the spectral lines are sensitive to magnetic fields.
Characteristics of Circular Cylinders in Turbulent Flows

The effect of a free-stream turbulence of high intensity on the flow past a rigid circular cylinder was experimentally studied in a Reynolds-number range 7.9×103∼5.4×l04. Square-meshed grids were used to produce homogeneous turbulent-flow fields. The intensity and scale of a turbulent flow in which the cylinder was immersed were varied by positioning the cylinder at various locations downstream of the grid. Measurements were made of the time-averaged drag coefficient, Strouhal number of the vortex shedding, spanwise correlation length and length of the vortex formation region in the wake of the cylinder. These properties of flow around the cylinder were found to be considerably different from those measured in a smooth flow.
Toward Estimating the Variance in Acoustic Surveys Based on Sampling Design

This paper develops a sampling method to estimate the integral of a function of the area with a strategy to cover the area with parallel lines of observation. This sampling strategy is special in that lines very close to each other are selected much more seldom than under a uniformly random design for the positions of the parallel lines. It is also special in that the positions of some of the lines are deterministic. Two different variance estimators are derived and investigated by sampling different man made signal functions. They show different properties in that the estimator that estimate the biggest variance gives an error interval that, in some situations, may be more than ten times the error interval computed from the other estimator. It is also obvious that the second estimator underestimates the variance. The author has not succeeded to derive an expression for the expectation of this estimator. This work is motivated towards finding the variance of acoustic abundance estimates.
A finite element formulation for the simulation of propagating delaminations in layered composite structures

This paper presents a finite element method to simulate growing delaminations in composite structures. The delamination process, using an inelastic material law with softening, takes place within an interface layer having a small, but non‐vanishing thickness. A stress criterion is used to detect the critical points. To prevent mesh‐dependent solutions a regularization technique is applied. The artificial viscosity leads to corresponding stiffness matrices which guarantee stable equilibrium iterations. The essential material parameter which describes the delamination process is the critical energy release rate. The finite element calculations document the robustness and effectivity of the developed model. Extensive parameter studies are performed to show the influence of the introduced geometrical and material quantities. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of in‐cloud nucleation and turbulence on droplet spectrum formation in cumulus clouds

Drop spectrum evolution is investigated using a moving mass grid microphysical cloud parcel model containing 2000 mass bins and allowing turbulent effects on droplet collisions. Utilization of precise methods of diffusion and collision drop growth eliminates any artificial droplet spectrum broadening. Simulation of continental, intermediate and maritime clouds is conducted using different concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei and different vertical velocities at the cloud base.
A general coefficient of determination for covariance structure models under arbitrary GLS estimation

Previous results presented in Tanaka & Huba (1985) introduced a general Fit index for covariance structure models under generalized least squares (GLS) estimation which, in some cases, specialized to the fit indices presented in Joreskog & Sorbom (1981). Here, it is shown that, for a wide class of models, the general form of this fit index can be expressed as a weighted coefficient of determination. This coefficient is given as the ratio of weighted trace functions of predicted and observed covariance matrix elements.
Dynamics of plasmoids formed by the current sheet tearing

Context. Moving blob-like features observed in the soft X-ray and EUV range above flare-loops are often interpreted as signatures of plasmoids formed by the current sheet tearing in the flare-associated reconnection process. Aims. We investigate the evolution of the flare-associated current sheet numerically in order to analyse the kinematics and dynamics of plasmoids. The goal is to explain the broad diversity of kinematical properties of the plasmoid signatures recorded by various observational techniques. Methods. We performed a 2-dimensional resistive-MHD numerical simulation of the reconnection starting from the Harris-type current sheet. After identifying the plasmoids, we followed their motion to determine basic kinematical parameters (velocity and acceleration), and we analysed the associated magnetic field topology. Results. The simulation reveals a broad variety of the kinematical/dynamical properties of plasmoids – after formation, a plasmoid can move upward, downward, or can even change its direction of propagation. The highest velocities, in the range of the ambient Alfven speed, are found in the case of upward propagating plasmoids. The acceleration is determined by the net magnetic field tension of the reconnected field lines. Downwardly propagating plasmoids achieve only a fraction of the ambient Alfven speed. They strongly decelerate during the coalescence with low-lying flare-loops, when distinct energy-release peaks occur and loop system oscillations are excited. Conclusions. The presented results explain, qualitatively and quantitatively, the broad spectrum of kinematical properties of various observational features attributed to the current-sheet plasmoids.
A geometric phase for m = 0 spins

A mod jm) spin state in an adiabatically-cycled magnetic field acquires a geometric phase of m times the solid angle described by B, so that for m=0 states the geometric phase vanishes. However, if B is not cycled, but is made to reverse direction, an m=0 state returns to itself and in so doing acquires a geometric phase factor of (-1)j. This phase is of a topological character; parameter space is the real projective plane, in which the phase distinguishes trivial from non-trivial cycles.
A spectroscopic search for colliding stellar winds in O-type close binary systems. IV - Iota Orionis

We present Hα and He I λ6678 line profiles for the eccentric orbit binary ι Ori. We have applied a tomography algorithm which uses the established orbital velocity curves and intensity ratio to reconstruct the spectral line profiles for each star. The He I profiles appear as pure photospheric lines, and Hα shows variable emission in the line core throughout the orbit (which is typical of O giants) and in the blue wing near periastron passage. We show that the blue wing emission is consistent with an origin between the stars which probably results from a dramatic focusing of the primary's stellar wind at periastron
On a Criterion for the Rejection of Observations and the Distribution of the Ratio of Deviation to Sample Standard Deviation

Criteria for the rejection of outlying observations may be designed to reject a given fraction of all observations, or a proportion varying with the size of the sample. Irwin' has discussed several criteria based on sampling from a normal population which had been used previously, as well as one which he proposed. This is based on the principal of fixing the expectation of rejecting an observation from a sample independently of the aggregate number, N, of the sample. The criterion, X, is b/a times the interval between successive observations in ascending order of magnitude, where a is the standard deviation of the sampled population. In the same paper he gave, for different values of N, a table of P1(X) and P2(X), respectively probabffities of exceeding given values of X for the first or second such interval from either end. In actual use, however, a is estimated from the sample standard deviation, and we are left to decide whether observations in question are to be included or not in estimating the standard deviation as also whether or not to modify this by addition or subtraction of an estimate of its probable error. The object of the present communication is to develop a criterion free from defects of this nature, depending only on the assumption of random sampling from a normal universe. For this purpose we develop the distribution of T defined by
Southern RS CVn systems - Candidate list

A list of 43 candidate RS CVn binary systems in the far southern hemisphere of the sky (south of -40 deg declination) is presented. The candidate systems were selected from the first two volumes of the Michigan Spectral Catalog (1975, 1978), which provides MK classifications for southern HD stars and identifies any unusual characteristics noted for individual stellar spectra. The selection criteria used were: (1) the occurrence of Ca II H and K emission; (2) known or suspected binary nature; (3) regular light variations of zero to one magnitude; and (4) spectral type between F0 and K2 and luminosity less than bright giant (II).
Effects of static magnetic field exposure on blood flow

This paper investigates the influence of static magnetic field exposure on blood flow. We mainly focus on steady flows in a rigid vessel and review the existing theoretical solutions, each based on some simplifying hypothesis. The results are developed, examined and compared, showing how the magnetohydrodynamic interactions reduce the flow rate and generate electric voltages across the vessel walls. These effects are found to be moderate for magnetic fields such as those used in magnetic resonance imaging. In this case, a very simplified solution, formulated by neglecting the walls conductivity as well as the induced magnetic fields, is proven suitable.
Photometric analysis of V30 of open cluster NGC 7789

We present the photometric solutions of the variable star V30⋆ that is in the foreground of intermediate open cluster NGC 7789. The observations were done in the V passband using the 2 m telescope at the IUCAA-Girawali Observatory in India. The analysis is done using the Wilson-Devinney Code (2003) and the fitted light curve is presented. The photometric solutions reveal a W-subtype contact configuration. The photometric mass ratio is found to be 0.395 and the absolute masses and radii for the components are deduced as 1.25 M s and 0.97 R s for the primary and 0.49 M s and 0.93 R s for the secondary, respectively. No signature of third light is found in the system.
Variable selection for high‐dimensional generalized linear model with block‐missing data

In modern scientific research, multiblock missing data emerges with synthesizing information across multiple studies. However, existing imputation methods for handling block‐wise missing data either focus on the single‐block missing pattern or heavily rely on the model structure. In this study, we propose a single regression‐based imputation algorithm for multiblock missing data. First, we conduct a sparse precision matrix estimation based on the structure of block‐wise missing data. Second, we impute the missing blocks with their means conditional on the observed blocks. Theoretical results about variable selection and estimation consistency are established in the context of a generalized linear model. Moreover, simulation studies show that compared with existing methods, the proposed imputation procedure is robust to various missing mechanisms because of the good properties of regression imputation. An application to Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative data also confirms the superiority of our proposed method.
Intervention to Change Attributions that are Negative: A Feasibility Study on Reducing Anger after Brain Injury

Objectives: Explore the early efficacy of a treatment to modify anger, aggression, negative attributions, and perspective-taking in participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Randomized waitlist-controlled trial. Participants: Twenty-four adults with a TBI (³ 1-year post-injury) who had above average aggression and either negative attribution bias or poor perspective-taking. Intervention: Intervention to Change Attributions that are Negative (ICAN). Measures: Epps Scenarios (attributions of intent, hostility, blame; anger and aggression responses); Aggression Questionnaire (AQ); PROMIS-Anger; Interpersonal Reactivity Index Perspective-taking; and Participant Global Impression of Change (PGIC) for anger and perspective-taking. Results: Twenty-one participants completed the study (ICAN = 8; Waitlist control [WLC] = 13). Post-treatment, ICAN participants had lower anger responses to Epps Scenarios (p = 0.03) compared to WLC participants who had not yet received treatment. Other between-group comparisons were not significant. Analyses comparing pre/post-intervention changes in the pooled sample (n=21), revealed reduced attributions of intent (p < 0.01) and blame (p = 0.05), and anger (p = 0.01) and aggression responses to Epps scenarios (p < 0.01) after receiving treatment. Post-intervention scores on the AQ and PROMIS-Anger were also significantly reduced (p < 0.01). On the PGIC, 83% and 45% reported noticeable changes in perspective-taking and anger, respectively. Discussion: ICAN may reduce anger and negative attributions after TBI and merits further investigation.
Capacitive Extensometry for the Estimation of Meaningful Stretch-Dependent Dielectric Strength of Dielectric Elastomer

The electromechanical performance of a dielectric elastomer (DE) is greatly influenced by the dielectric strength of the elastomeric materials. The dielectric strength of an elastomer profoundly depends on the state of mechanical stretch. In this work, the stretch-dependent dielectric strength for DE is measured for all possible modes of stretches using compliant electrodes. Dielectric breakdown measurement using compliant electrodes considers voltage-induced deformation, which reflects the actual working condition energy transduction. Hence, the measured strength is for a meaningful value of a working DE. Capacitive extensometry and optical method are the two leading methods for the same. We compare the extensometry and optical methods in estimating the true value of dielectric breakdown strength of DEs at high prestretches. Furthermore, we propose a modified thickness stretch-based power law for the dielectric breakdown strength. Using the capacitive extensometry method, we verify the model on comprehensive experimental data on three types of elastomers, i.e., acrylic, silicone, and natural rubber. This work proposes a general framework for estimating the meaningful stretch-dependent dielectric strength of DEs.
Optimal $L^1$-Control in Coefficients for Dirichlet Elliptic Problems: $H$-Optimal Solutions

Abstract. In this paper we study a Dirichlet optimal control problem associated with a linear elliptic equation the coefficients of which we take as controls in L1(Ω). In particular, when the coefficient matrix is taken to satisfy the decomposition B(x) = ρ(x)A(x) with a scalar function ρ, we allow the ρ to degenerate. Such problems are related to various applications in mechanics, conductivity and to an approach in topology optimization, the SIMP-method. Since equations of this type can exhibit the Lavrentieff phenomenon and non-uniqueness of weak solutions, we show that the optimal control problem in the coefficients can be stated in different forms depending on the choice of the class of admissible solutions. Using the direct method in the Calculus of variations, we discuss the solvability of the above optimal control problems in the so-called class of H-admissible solutions.
Generalizations of asymptotic gain characterizations of ISS to input-to-output stability

This paper generalizes to the case of output stability the study of a separation principle for input-to-state stability (ISS), which says that the ISS property can be expressed as the conjunction of stability and an asymptotic gain condition. It is shown that the direct generalization of ISS to outputs, known as input-to-output stability (IOS), only allows a separation principle under an additional condition of output Lagrange stability, meaning that outputs are stable with respect to initial outputs and inputs.
A cylindrical optical black hole using graded index photonic crystals

The electromagnetic wave propagation of a two-dimensional optical black hole with graded index photonic crystals for transverse magnetic modes is studied. The implementation of the proposed system is validated in the metamaterial regime. The finite element method is employed in order to confirm the optical properties of the designed device. Numerical simulations show that the light incident on the device is bent toward the central area and absorbed by the inner core. As a result, the artificial optical black hole can effectively absorb the incident waves from all directions. The structure is composed of two kinds of real isotropic materials, which eases the experimental fabrication.
The effect of intravenous trehalose administration in a patient with multiple sulfatase deficiency

Introduction We describe the case of a female child with multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) who received intravenous (IV) trehalose (15 g/week) for 3 months. Methods The efficacy of trehalose was evaluated by comparing serum biomarkers, a quality-of-life questionnaire (HRQoL), and imaging (brain MRI and ultrasonography of liver and spleen) at weeks 0 (W0) and 12 (W12). Results The improvement in quality of life assessments along with a slight decrease in the spleen dimensions were observed after 3-month intervention. Conclusions Future research with a larger MSD population and a longer-term follow-up is warranted to determine whether trehalose can improve MSD patient health and clinical outcomes.