Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brain activation during processing of mouth actions in patients with disorders of consciousness

Abstract In the past 2 decades, several attempts have been made to promote a correct diagnosis and possible restorative interventions in patients suffering from disorders of consciousness. Sensory stimulation has been proved to be useful in sustaining the level of arousal/awareness and to improve behavioural responsiveness with a significant effect on oro-motor functions. Recently, action observation has been proposed as a stimulation strategy in patients with disorders of consciousness, based on neurophysiological evidence that the motor cortex can be activated not only during action execution but also when actions are merely observed in the absence of motor output, or during listening to action sounds and speech. This mechanism is provided by the activity of mirror neurons. In the present study, a group of patients with disorders of consciousness (11 males, 4 females; median age: 55 years; age range: 19–74 years) underwent task-based functional MRI in which they had, in one condition, to observe and listen to the sound of mouth actions, and in another condition, to listen to verbs with motor or abstract content. In order to verify the presence of residual activation of the mirror neuron system, the brain activations of patients were compared with that of a group of healthy individuals (seven males, eight females; median age: 33.4 years; age range: 24–65 years) performing the same tasks. The results show that brain activations were lower in patients with disorders of consciousness compared with controls, except for primary auditory areas. During the audiovisual task, 5 out of 15 patients with disorders of consciousness showed only residual activation of low-level visual and auditory areas. Activation of high-level parieto-premotor areas was present in six patients. During the listening task, three patients showed only low-level activations, and six patients activated also high-level areas. Interestingly, in both tasks, one patient with a clinical diagnosis of vegetative state showed activations of high-level areas. Region of interest analysis on blood oxygen level dependent signal change in temporal, parietal and premotor cortex revealed a significant linear relation with the level of clinical functioning, assessed with coma recovery scale-revised. We propose a classification of the patient’s response based on the presence of low-level and high-level activations, combined with the patient’s functional level. These findings support the use of action observation and listening as possible stimulation strategies in patients with disorders of consciousness and highlight the relevance of combined methods based on functional assessment and brain imaging to provide more detailed neuroanatomical specificity about residual activated areas at both cortical and subcortical levels.
Prevalence of Eating Disorders and Comorbidity With Depression Among Adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background Patients diagnosed with eating disorders (EDs) have demonstrated elevated levels of eating psychopathology, including distorted body image, and general psychopathology, encompassing depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and low self-esteem, surpassing anticipated levels. However, the measurement of EDs' prevalence related to depression and mental disorders in Saudi society remains insufficient. There is a clear need for additional studies to establish and substantiate the relationship between these issues and their frequency. In response to this gap, the current study delves into the psychosocial implications of disordered eating in Saudi Arabian adolescents and adults. The primary objective of this study is to contribute to an expanded understanding of the psychosocial effects associated with EDs, shedding light on their prevalence and interconnectedness with mental health concerns among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia among adolescents based on self-report questionnaires, including the Patient Health Questionnaires for Eating Disorders and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for the presence of EDs. To analyze the obtained data, we calculated the responses from participants who met the following criteria: adolescents (ages 10 to 18 years) from all regions in Saudi Arabia who were ethnically Saudi and included both male and female individuals. Those older than 18 years were excluded from the study. Results We collected data from 422 participants; however, 43 responses were excluded because the respondent was under 10 years or over 18 years old. According to the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), the prevalence of depression was 83.9%; 36.7% of the participants had severe depression, 23.2% had moderate depression, and 24% had mild depression. According to the Patient Health Questionnaire Eating Disorders Scale, the prevalence of EDs was 23.5%, with the prevalence of binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa being 14.8% and 8.7%, respectively. We found a significant correlation between EDs and depression, and the severity of depression (P=0.005). The prevalence of depression among patients with EDs was 93.3%: 17.9% of patients with EDs had mild depression, 21.3% had moderate depression, and 54.1% had severe depression. Conclusion There is an alarming finding of the high prevalence of both EDs and depression among young adolescents in elementary school, which requires urgent intervention. The study found a significant relationship between EDs and depression: the more severe the depressive symptoms, the higher the prevalence of EDs.
Normative percentile ranking best reveals sensorimotor impairments of postural sway in type 2 diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is associated with a higher magnitude of static postural sway. This investigation compared three statistical methods to explore the role of sensory modalities contributions to posture in T2D. Two groups were evaluated in this study ( n = 20); T2D group - 10 participants with T2D (age 54.6 ± 11.09 years), comparison group - 10 age/sex matched healthy participants (age 53.18 ± 9.89 years). Postural sway data was collected using the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration in Balance (mCTSIB), consisting of four 20-s trials on a balance plate with manipulations of vision and support surface to target the contributions of proprioceptive, visual, and vestibular senses. Scores were assessed by group wise analysis of path length, group wise analysis of percentile rank, and distribution of percentile rank. The two-way ANOVA used for the group wise analysis of path length and percentile rank showed significant differences between groups scores ( p < .05), but no significant interactions between group and condition. The frequency distribution of percentile rank of the T2D group revealed unimodal distributions for all conditions except for vestibular, which was found to have the highest and lowest percentile ranks of any condition. The results show that the individualized normative analysis revealed aspects of individual impairments that would have otherwise been missed using a group-wise method. Though limited, our findings also suggest that impairments to the vestibular system may be more pronounced but less frequent compared to proprioceptive and visual impairments.
The Social Side of Shadow It and its Impacts: Investigating the Relationship with Social Influence and Social Presence

The use of shadow IT within organizations may offer an interesting context to analyze individual behavior in the contemporary society. Considering that social factors profoundly influence user behavior, we aim to investigate the relationship of perceived social influence and perceived social presence on shadow IT usage and its impacts based on the assumption that social factors influence individuals towards the use of shadow IT. We performed a survey among employees from different companies. The results show that shadow IT usage has a strong positive relationship with the social factors investigated here, which positively impacts employee’s work performance. Our findings suggest that shadow IT is a collective solution used and socially recognized by workgroups. In addition, we found that shadow IT can lead to optimized communication and collaboration among employees, teams or departments.
Investigating North American grassland biogeography throughout the Holocene

Throughout the Holocene, North American grassland vegetation has shifted in composition and spatial extent. However, it has been difficult to characterize these changes because the drivers—particularly climate, fire, topography, or grazing from large herbivores— operate at different spatial and temporal scales. Long-term archives such as lacustrine sediment cores, and the proxy records they contain, can help illustrate vegetation changes on relevant timescales. Yet, accurate interpretations of grassland vegetation composition from pollen (a common proxy used to infer vegetation of the past) remain limited by the number of calibrations of pollen and the drivers of vegetation change in modern conditions. This research addresses those gaps by evaluating grassland vegetation at different spatial and temporal scales in the context of modern and historical drivers. First, I reconstruct vegetation composition and diversity, fire activity, and erosion activity at a sub-regional scale over the last 9,300 years by analyzing pollen, charcoal, and magnetic data from a sediment core from a grassland lake in southern Minnesota. Second, I quantify the relationships between modern grassland pollen and fire, grazing, and topography at a fine spatial and temporal resolution, using pollen samples collected annually from traps at Konza Prairie Biological Station in the Flint Hills of Kansas. Finally, I synthesize modern pollen assemblages across the Great Plains to create a transfer function that quantitatively links precipitation and temperature with pollen. I apply this function to pollen data from the past to interpret the climate history of three sites across the Great Plains, including the aforementioned site in southern Minnesota. The results from this research suggest that grassland vegetation diversity remained relatively resilient to the climatic fluctuations of the Holocene, including the driest time at 5,000 yr BP. In addition, this work facilitates more informed interpretations of fossil pollen by effectively calibrating modern grassland pollen assemblages with their abiotic and biotic drivers. INVESTIGATING NORTH AMERICAN GRASSLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY THROUGHOUT THE HOLOCENE
Biologic Complications of Dental Implant: An Update

With the wide use of implants to replace missing teeth, the complications of implants are also being encountered more frequently. Biologic complications are one of the complications in implants. This includes inflammation, recession, dehiscence, periimplantitis, and implant failure. The dentist should be aware of these conditions and their etiology and risk factors. Relevant clinical and radiographic findings must be made for the diagnosis of the condition. The treatments should be addressed promptly. The patient must be reinforced on proper implant hygiene maintenance for the success of the implant.
A Choice of Color: Does Lingerie Color Affect Perceived Attractiveness and Evolutionary Fitness?

Prior research examining the effect of color on perceived attractiveness is equivocal. Also, no research has examined how the color of lingerie affects perceptions. This research explored the effect of the color of lingerie that a woman was wearing on individuals’ perceptions of her attractiveness and evolutionary fitness. Three colors of lingerie were used in this study: Black lingerie, Red lingerie, and White lingerie. These images were presented to 72 men and 82 women. Participants rated the woman’s perceived physical attractiveness, sexual attractiveness, trustworthiness, nurturance, masculinity, femininity, dominance, healthiness, enthusiasm, social competence, affectionateness, intelligence, short term mate potential, long term mate potential, parenting ability, success, status, and age. It was hypothesized that the woman in white lingerie would be rated as most attractive and most evolutionarily fit. The results were partially consistent with the hypothesis. Lingerie color did not affect perceived attractiveness. But, the woman in white lingerie was rated as friendliest, most successful, best mate, and healthiest.
A 52-Week Split-Face Study on the Efficacy and Safety of a New-Type Hyaluronic Acid Injectable Filler for Nasolabial Wrinkles

Background: The treatment outcome of nasolabial wrinkles or folds (NF) is widely considered a strong criterion for estimating the overall aesthetic results of different types of hyaluronic acid (HA) injectable fillers. These fillers have undergone various modifications and are classified as monophasic or biphasic, with monophasic fillers further divided into monodensified or polydensified. Objectives: This split-face study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of two monophasic HA fillers. Methods: A total of 15 facial aesthetic patients (mean age: 52.4 ± 9.39 years) participated in a split-face study to assess the clinical efficacy, long-lasting effect, and overall skin reaction of two different HA injectable fillers for nasolabial wrinkles. The right NF of each patient was treated with a monophasic, polydensified HA filler; however, the left NF was treated with a scientifically modified monophasic monodensified counterpart. The injection technique and HA quantity injected were consistent. The outcome was assessed using both the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) with analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical methods. Additionally, the post-treatment naturalness feeling was measured using the FACE-Q questionnaire. Baseline photos were taken in standardized settings, and follow-up visits were conducted at the 1st, 6th, and 12th months. Results: Both HA injectables demonstrated similar effectiveness in terms of aesthetic outcome and long-lasting effect, as interpreted from WSRS and GAIS findings. However, the monodensified HA product received better subjective ratings for naturalness, as indicated by the FACE-Q questionnaire (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Although there were no obvious signs of skin irregularity in both treated wrinkles, patients reported a feeling of intracutaneous tension in the right NF (treated with polydensified HA) but not in the left NF (treated with monodensified HA). Although some subjectivity exists in patient responses, the unanimous preference for the monodensified product due to its natural feeling provides strong support for its use in everyday aesthetic clinical practice.
Survival and Predictors of Mortality of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Newborns at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Background Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a condition where abdominal contents protrude into the chest due to defects in the diaphragm muscle. It is considered an emergency that needs urgent intervention to prevent further complications or death. Our study aimed to estimate survival and evaluate predictors of mortality in newborns with CDH using available prediction tools in the literature. Methods This retrospective cohort study included neonates with CDH in King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Jeddah, from 2000 to 2021. Prevalence, demographics, and clinical characteristics were compared between surviving and deceased infants. C-statistics were used to measure the area under the curve for the prenatal and postnatal predictor tools, and a p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results Between 2000 and 2021, 45 neonates with CDH were included (six per 10,000 inborn live births). The mortality rate was 51.1%. The differences in demographics were not significant among surviving and deceased patients. One prenatal predictor tool, the lung-to-head ratio, was found to be significant; in addition, three postnatal predictor tools of mortality, SNAP-II, CDHSG-probability survival, and Brindle Score, had the highest concordance (C) statistics of 0.8, 0.79, and 0.8, respectively. Conclusion Although the incidence of CDH was found to be higher in our study compared to global statistics, our mortality rates correspond with international figures. The most significant differences between predictors and prediction models of mortality were lung-to-head ratio prenatally, SNAP-II, CDHSG-probability survival, and Brindle Score postnatally. Further multicentered studies are recommended with a larger sample size.
Apricot Growth and Productivity in High Density Orchards

Althought there is no more intensive apricot (Prunus armenica) cultivation in the area of Middle Dalmatia climatic conditions of this agriecologic area enable its cultivation and successful production. In earlier researches two local unidentified cultivars were separated on the basis of the phenotype characteristic and planted together with already known cultivars Aurora and Orange red in comparative experiment in 2000 on Fereley- Jaspi rootstock. Research aim was to establish vegetative growth and fertility of local cultivars comparing to cultivars Aurora and Orang Red in high density orchard. Research results indicate significant in growth and fertility between local cultivars and cultivars Aurora and Orang Red.
How the type of public benefit work in nonprofit organizations influences social media presence: an example from Facebook

Purpose: The main objective of the study was to identify those nonprofit organizations that were characterized by the highest Facebook publication frequency, the highest number of Facebook followers and the highest average public reaction to the Facebook content. Design/methodology/approach : Content analysis was used to accomplish the research objectives. Findings: The results of the study clearly indicated that the nonprofit organizations with the most effective use of Facebook are those operating in the areas related to ecology, animal protection and protection of natural heritage. Research limitations/implications: There is a need for research on the basis of which it will be possible to find out whether, in fact, the high interest in organizations related to ecology, animal protection and protection of natural heritage and their Facebook profile has a psychological basis. Practical implications: The results of the research can be an important source of information for executives of nonprofit organizations in the utilization of social media in their day-to-day operations. Originality/value: This paper expands the knowledge of Facebook utilization in a specific group of Polish nonprofit organizations, i.e. those with the status of public benefit organizations.
Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) thelodonts from October Revolution Island (Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago, Russia)

Two new thelodont species, Turinia composita n. sp. and Nikolivia aligera n. sp. , and two already known, Boreania minima Karatajute-Talimaa, 1985 and Canonia sp. cf. C. grossi Vieth, 1980, are described. Isolated scales of all of them are distributed at different levels of the Podemnaya Formation outcropping along the Matusevich, Podemnaya and Spokojnaya rivers. Thelodont assemblage from the lower part of the Formation allows a correlation with the Lochkovian series of Laurussia, e.g., with the lower Lochkovian part of Canadian Arctic.
The role of economic complexity in shaping the energy-growth nexus: Evidence from cross-country panel data

The study investigated the interplay between energy consumption (EN), economic growth (EG), and economic complexity across 59 countries from 2000 to 2018. Employing panel data methods, the research examined various models to estimate long-term effects while addressing unobserved heterogeneity and potential biases. Results indicate significant relationships between EG, EN, and economic complexity. Notably, the economic complexity index (ECI) displayed a positive effect on economic development, while trade openness and foreign direct investment showed varying impacts. The study identified a positive association between EG and EN, suggesting that increased energy consumption accompanies economic growth. However, a higher capital-to-labor ratio was associated with lower EN, indicating a substitution effect. Of particular note is the significant positive impact of the interaction between ECI and EN on GDP across various models. In the Country Fixed Effects Model, a one-unit increase in the interaction correlated with a 0.026 unit increase in GDP (p < 0.001). Similarly, significant positive relationships were observed in the Panel EGLS and FMOLS models, with coefficients of 0.055 and 0.031, respectively (p < 0.001 and p = 0.011). Conversely, all models consistently demonstrated a negative relationship between economic complexity and GDP, with coefficients ranging from -0.062 to -0.089 (p < 0.001). These findings underscore the importance of considering economic complexity and energy consumption in policy interventions aimed at promoting sustainable economic growth. Policymakers are encouraged to adopt comprehensive approaches that account for the complex interplay of various factors influencing economic development and energy consumption to formulate effective strategies.
Travel Satisfaction and Revisit Intention of Chinese Visitors: The Case of Singapore

Tourism is one of the main income generator for the Singapore’s economy. Since China is the second largest tourist group to Singapore in the past 15 years which is due to the newly middle class and the appreciation of Chinese Yuan, this study attempts to explore the market potential by understanding Chinese tourist’s repeat visit intention. A sample of 192 Chinese tourists is collected at Singapore Chiang International Airport to study eight selected satisfaction attributes using systematic random sampling techniques. The mean scores indicate that all attributes are above the average. In addition, transportation and environment/safety are tied as the most satisfactory attribute. Further, a logistic regression model identifies which attributes lead the Chinese tourists’ likelihood to revisit Singapore. Three attributes entailing lodging, attraction and environment and safety, are significant. The managerial implications are also discussed.