Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Brassiere-Wearing Figures Using Multi-Regression Models and Its Evaluation

This paper proposes a method of simulating breast shape modification by wearing a brassiere. For this purpose a three-dimensional (3D) human body shape model developed by one of the authors is used. The model is made of a bi-cubic B-spline surface and its control points can describe a woman's trunk shape by fitting it to plenty of her body surface points. Corresponding control points among models have the same meaning in the sense that they form the same region on the different women's body surfaces. This feature enables us to compare and analyze a local body shape using a subset of control points selected appropriately. Forty-nine control points were determined to analyze breast shape of any woman. One hundred forty-two Japanese women aged 20's to 50's (brassiere size ranged from A70 to E70) were measured by means of an optical range finder before and after putting on a brassiere. We also categorized softness of their breasts into three classes; "soft", "medial", and "stiff". The multiple regression analysis established the relationship between the position of the control points on the models before and while wearing a brassiere using softness as a parameter. The best regression function was chosen among prepared 15 ones for each coordinate of every control points and was applied to simulation of brassiere-wearing breast figures based on the position of the control points before putting on it. The results showed that it is possible to estimate the body shape when wearing a brassiere. The same was confirmed based on average errors between silhouettes of brassiere-wearing and simulated breasts.
Introduction of an innovative water based photoresist stripping process using intelligent fluids

The usage of phasefluid based stripping agents to remove photoresists from silicon substrates was studied. Due to their highly dynamic inner structure phasefluids offer a new working principle, they are penetrating layers through smallest openings and lift off the material from the surface. These non-aggressive stripping fluids were investigated regarding their cleaning efficiency as well as contamination behavior to enable usage in semiconductor and MEMS manufacturing. A general proof of concept for the usage of phasefluids in resist stripping processes is shown on silicon coupons and BKM’s are given for different resist types. In addition a baseline process on 12inch wafers has been developed and characterized in terms of metallic and ionic impurities and defect level.
Dispersive effective models for waves in heterogeneous media

We study the long-time behavior of waves in a strongly heterogeneous medium, starting from the one-dimensional scalar wave equation with variable coefficients. We assume that the coefficients are periodic with period e and e > 0 is a small length parameter. Our main result concerns homogenization and consists in the rigorous derivation of two different dispersive models. The first is a fourth-order equation with constant coefficients including powers of e. In the second model, the e-dependence is completely avoided by considering a third-order linearized Korteweg–de Vries equation. Our result is that both simplified models describe the long-time behavior well. An essential tool in our analysis is an adaption operator which modifies smooth functions according to the periodic structure of the medium.
Comparative study of the loss cone-driven instabilities in the low solar corona

A comparative study of the loss cone--driven instabilities in the low solar corona is undertaken. The instailities considered are the electron maser, the whistler, and the electrostatic upper hybrid. We show that the first-harmonic extraordinary mode of the electron cyclotron maser instability is the fastest growing mode for strongly magnetized plasma (.omega./sub e//.cap omega./sub e/ 1.0, no direct electromagnetic radiation is expected since other instabilities, which do not escape directly, saturate the electron cyclotron maser (the whistler or the electrostatic upper hybrid waves). We also show that the second-harmonic electron cyclotron maser emission never grows to an appreciable level. Thus, we suggest that the electron cyclotron maser instability can be the explanation for intense radio bursts only when the first harmonic escapes from the low corona. We propose a possible explanation for the escape of the first harmonic from a flaring loop.
O vi RECOMBINATION LINES IN ULTRAVIOLET AND VISIBLE SPECTRA OF RR TELESCOPII

Nineteen recombination lines of O vi are identified in ultraviolet and visible spectra of the symbiotic nova RR Telescopii at wavelengths between 1122 and 6203 Å. Only three of the lines have previously been reported from astronomical spectra, and eight lines have never been reported from either astronomical or laboratory spectra. The lines represent transitions between levels with principal quantum numbers up to 13, and the strongest lines by flux occur at 1124.82, 2070.90, and 3434.66 Å, corresponding to transitions 4–5, 5–6, and 6–7. As the lines are produced by recombination onto O vii, they potentially allow O vii emitting regions in astrophysical plasmas to be probed at ultraviolet and visible wavelengths that otherwise can only be studied at X-ray wavelengths.
High resolution near-infrared spectro-imaging of NGC 7027

We present near-infrared spectro-imaging of the young planetary nebula NGC 7027 between 2.10 and 2.20 μ m with high spatial (0.5″) and high spectral ($\rm 8.7 \, km \, s^{-1}$) resolution. The observations, made using BEAR at the CFHT, reveal the detailed morphology and kinematics of the ionized nebula (in the Br γ line and 16 other atomic lines) and the surrounding molecular envelope (in the 1–0 S(1) line of H 2 ). The observations show that the ionized gas forms an elongated (${\sim} 6 \arcsec\times 12\arcsec$, ${\rm PA} = 32\degr$), limb-brightened shell with an expansion velocity of 19.5 along the line of sight. The shell is composed of numerous small condensations and has nearly parallel sides with flattened ends that are not well matched by a uniform ellipsoidal model. Low level Br γ emission is detected at high red- and blue-shifted velocities ($\pm 55$ ) along a bipolar axis at ${\rm PA} = 60\degr$ that deviates significantly from that of the main nebula. The $\rm H_2$ emission is distributed at the periphery of the ionized gas, in a limb-brightened, bi-conical shell (${\sim} 10\arcsec \times 13\arcsec$, ${\rm PA} = 28\degr$) with enhanced emission at the equator and complex structure at the ends of the major axis. The H 2 emission traces the inner edge of the extended molecular envelope seen in CO, and its distribution and intensity are well matched by model predictions of a high-density ($n\rm _H \sim 10^6{-}10^5 \, cm^{-3}$) photo-dissociation region. The kinematic structure of the H 2 emission reveals a remarkable series of lobes and openings in the molecular shell. These features are point symmetric about the center, and the most prominent pair aligns with the high velocity, bipolar emission seen in Br γ . These observations demonstrate recent activity by collimated outflows in NGC 7027, with a multiple, bipolar geometry. The interaction of the outflows with the surrounding envelope has significantly affected the morphology of the developing nebula and its environment, and their presence in this well-studied archetype underscores the general importance of outflows in the early shaping history of planetary nebulae.
On the relation between S-estimators and M-estimators of multivariate location and covariance

We discuss the relation between S-estimators and M-estimators of multivariate location and covariance. As in the case of the estimation of a multiple regression parameter, S-estimators are shown to satisfy first-order conditions of M-estimators. We show that the influence function IF (x;S F) of S-functionals exists and is the same as that of corresponding M-functionals. Also, we show that S-estimators have a limiting normal distribution which is similar to the limiting normal distribution which is similar to the limiting normal distribution of M-estimators. Finally, we compare asymptotic variances and breakdown point of both types of estimators.
Onset of reconnection in the near magnetotail: PIC simulations

Using 2.5‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulations of magnetotail dynamics, we investigate the onset of reconnection in two‐dimensional tail configurations with finite Bz. Reconnection onset is preceded by a driven phase, during which magnetic flux is added to the tail at the high‐latitude boundaries, followed by a relaxation phase, during which the configuration continues to respond to the driving. We found a clear distinction between stable and unstable cases, dependent on deformation amplitude and ion/electron mass ratio. The threshold appears consistent with electron tearing. The evolution prior to onset, as well as the evolution of stable cases, are largely independent of the mass ratio, governed by integral flux tube entropy conservation as imposed in MHD. This suggests that ballooning instability in the tail should not be expected prior to the onset of tearing and reconnection. The onset time and other onset properties depend on the mass ratio, consistent with expectations for electron tearing. At onset, we found electron anisotropies T⊥/T∥= 1.1–1.3, raising growth rates and wave numbers. Our simulations have provided a quantitative onset criterion that is easily evaluated in MHD simulations, provided the spatial resolution is sufficient. The evolution prior to onset and after the formation of a neutral line does not depend on the electron physics, which should permit an approximation by MHD simulations with appropriate dissipation terms.
Self-propagating reactions in Al/Zr multilayers: Anomalous dependence of reaction velocity on bilayer thickness

High temperature, self-propagating reactions are observed in vapor-deposited Al/Zr multilayered foils of overall atomic ratios 3 Al:1 Zr and 2 Al:1 Zr and nanoscale layer thicknesses; however, the reaction velocities do not exhibit the inverse dependence on bilayer thickness that is expected based on changes in the average diffusion distance. Instead, for bilayer thicknesses of 20-30 nm, the velocity is essentially constant at ∼7.7 m/s. We explore several possible explanations for this anomalous behavior, including microstructural factors, changes in the phase evolution, and phase transformations in the reactant layers, but find no conclusive explanations. We determine that the phase evolution during self-propagating reactions in foils with a 3 Al:1 Zr stoichiometry is a rapid transformation from Al/Zr multilayers to the equilibrium intermetallic Al3Zr compound with no intermediate crystalline phases. This phase evolution is the same for foils of 90 nm bilayer thicknesses and foils of bilayer thicknesses .
Changes in the cerebral blood flow in newborn rats assessed by LSCI and DOCT before and after the hemorrhagic stroke

The incidence of perinatal hemorrhagic stroke (HS) is very similar to that in the elderly and produces a significant morbidity and long-term neurologic and cognitive deficits. There is strong evidence that cerebral blood flow (CBF) abnormalities make considerable contribution to HS development. However, the mechanisms responsible for pathological changes in CBF in infants with HS are not established. Therefore, quantitative assessment of CBF may significantly advance the understanding of the nature of neonatal stroke. The aim of this investigation was to determine the particularities of alterations in macro- microcirculation in the brain of newborn rats in the different stages of stress-related development of HS using three-dimensional Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI). Our results show that cerebral veins are more sensitive to harmful effect of stress compared with microcirculatory vessels. Stress-induced progressive dilation of cerebral veins with the fall of blood flow velocity precedes HS while pathological changes in microcirculatory vessels are accompanied by development of HS. The further detailed study of cerebral venous and microcirculatory circulation would be a significant advance in development of prognostic criteria for a HS risk during the first days after birthday.
The 19 April 1996 Illinois Tornado Outbreak. Part I: Cell Evolution and Supercell Isolation

Abstract In this study of the 19 April 1996 Illinois tornado outbreak, 109 cells were tracked using radar data to understand the transition of the cell configuration from a considerable number of initial cells to a small subset of supercells after several hours of evolution. Of these 109 cells, 85 developed along three synoptic boundaries (dryline, warm front, and dryline–warm front occlusion) between 1940 and 2230 UTC. A large majority of these 85 cells formed in a 1-h period between 2040 and 2140 UTC. With a considerable number of cells initiating within a short time period, the early stages of cell organization were marked by cell merger interactions and cell attrition that led to a pattern of isolated tornadic supercells. Cell-type initiation analysis revealed that storms that would become supercells were initiated, on average, 17 min before nonsupercell storms. Cyclonic supercells, with mean storm life spans of 214 min, had much longer lives than nonsupercell storms. Anticyclonic supercells resulting.
Variable sampling plans for normal distribution indexed by Taguchi's loss function

Taguchi has presented an approach to quality improvement in which reduction of deviation from the target value is the guiding principle. In this approach any measured value x of a product characteristic X brings a loss to consumer in general, where the loss is expressed as a quadratic form with respect to the difference between the measured value x and the target value T of a product characteristic. Then, it is natural to reject the lot which may bring a large loss to consumer. This concept induces us to construct new variable sampling plans based on the Taguchi's loss criterion. In this article, a design procedure of the sampling plans for assuring the loss in the Taguchi's method is proposed. Some numerical results based on the proposed design procedures are illustrated. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 44: 591–603 (1997)
Characterization Of New A-Si:H Detectors Fabricated From Amorphous Silicon Deposited At High Rate By Helium Enhanced PECVD

This paper is concerned with the characterization of new detectors fabricated from a-Si:H films deposited at high rates through the dilution of SiH/sub 4/ in Helium by PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) technique. Rates up to ten times (5.5 /spl mu/m/h) that of the standard technique are obtained. We have investigated the electrical characteristics -depletion voltage, residual space charge density- of the helium diluted material and compared them to that of the standard material. Finally, the response of detectors, fabricated from both materials, to 5.5 MeV alpha particles are compared. >
Development of the CD symcap platform to study gas-shell mix in implosions at the National Ignition Facility

Surrogate implosions play an important role at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) for isolating aspects of the complex physical processes associated with fully integrated ignition experiments. The newly developed CD Symcap platform has been designed to study gas-shell mix in indirectly driven, pure T2-gas filled CH-shell implosions equipped with 4 μm thick CD layers. This configuration provides a direct nuclear signature of mix as the DT yield (above a characterized D contamination background) is produced by D from the CD layer in the shell, mixing into the T-gas core. The CD layer can be placed at different locations within the CH shell to probe the depth and extent of mix. CD layers placed flush with the gas-shell interface and recessed up to 8 μm have shown that most of the mix occurs at the inner-shell surface. In addition, time-gated x-ray images of the hotspot show large brightly radiating objects traversing through the hotspot around bang-time, which are likely chunks of CH/CD plastic. This platf.
A family of solutions of a nonlinear ordinary differential equation and its application to Painlevé equations (III), (V) and (VI)

Dans le voisinage d'un point fixe singulier de type regulier, les equations de Painleve (III), (V) et (VI) se transforment en une equation de la forme: (E):x(xu')'=F 0 (x, exp(−u), x expu)+ F 1 (x, exp(−u), x expu)(xu')+F 2 (x, exp(−u), x expu)(xu') 2 . Les F j (x, ξ, η) sont holomorphes et bornees dans le polydisque |x|<r 0 , |ξ|<r 1 , |η|<r 1 et satisfont F j (0,0,0)=0. On montre que des developpements en serie des solutions de (E) convergent dans un grand domaine et on donne des representations analytiques des equations de Painleve III, V et VI pres d'un point fixe singulier de type regulier
The relationship between the formation of clusters containing tetrahedral molecules and the dynamic and thermodynamic anomalies of cooled TIP4P/2005 water

Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to cool the simple liquid TPI4P/2005 water at 350 K to 100 K. We find that structural changes of the system cause dynamic and thermodynamic anomalies. A strong increase in the number of tetrahedral oxygen atoms and combinations of these atoms lead to water’s a phase transition from a simple liquid form into a supercooled one or ice at TI = 200 K. In the initial stage, small patches containing tetrahedral oxygen atoms connect together to yield large clusters. The rapid drop in the number of clusters and the speedy growth in the size of the largest cluster lead to water’s exhibiting anomalously dynamic behaviors at temperatures around 279 K. Our results also show that water is very stable in its supercooled or ice state, exhibiting no change in the mean squared displacement, light oscillation in the number of the clusters and in the size of the largest cluster.
Variational formulation of the Germano identity for the Navier–Stokes equations

The variational counterpart of the Germano identity for the large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent flows is derived. The differences between the variational and the filter-based identities are explained on the basis of the role of an LES model in these two formulations. The variational Germano identity is then used to determine parameters in LES models. The performance of this identity in predicting the Smagorinsky eddy viscosity during the decay of homogeneous isotropic turbulence is evaluated. It is found that it yields results that are as accurate as its filter-based counterpart and that it is less sensitive to the exact approach used in evaluating the unknown parameters.
High-velocity plasma in the transition region of AU Microscopii: Evidence for magnetic reconnection and saturated heating during quiescent and flaring conditions

We analyze high-resolution HST spectra of the dMOe flare star AU Mic, including the profiles of the C IV 1548.2 A, 1550.8 A and Si IV 1393.8 A, 1402.8 A lines obtained with the G160M grating of the Goddard High-Resolution Spectrograph. The quiescent profiles of the C IV and Si IV lines are broad, and not simple Gaussians in shape. Flux in the C IV and Si IV lines, for example, can be measured reliably out to about +/- 200 km/s from line center. Each of the C IV and Si IV profiles can be fitted accurately by two Gaussians (one narrow and the other broad) centered on nearly the same wavelength, with the narrower component accounting for roughly 60% ofthe total integrated flux. The narrow components have similar line widths to those observed in solar active and quiet regions. The broad Gaussian components of the AU Mic line profiles are reminiscent of the broad C IV profiles observed in solar transition region explosive events, which are thought to be associated with emerging magnetic flux regions where field reconnection occurs.
Hecke algebra representations of braid groups and link polynomials

By studying representations of the braid group satisfying a certain quadratic relation we obtain a polynomial invariant in two variables for oriented links. It is expressed using a trace, discovered by Ocneanu, on the Hecke algebras of type A. A certain specialization of the polynomial, whose discovery predated and inspired the two-variable one, is seen to come in two inequivalent ways, from a Hecke algebra quotient and a linear functional on it which has already been used in statistical mechanics. The two-variable polynomial was first discovered by Freyd-Yetter, Lickorish-Millet, Ocneanu, Hoste, and Przytycki-Traczyk.
Spectroscopy of Active and Inactive M Dwarfs in Praesepe

Spectroscopy of 222 late-type dwarfs in the Praesepe open cluster is used to measure the strengths of molecular and atomic features and to examine their sensitivity to chromospheric activity as measured by the strength of Hα emission. For this cluster we confirm the results of Hawley and coworkers that some TiO features are selectively weakened among active field stars. However, a similar effect for CaOH is only weakly confirmed. Using differential measures of the strengths of features with respect to the median in narrow color bins, we also find that absorption in the Ca II IR triplet is selectively weakened in more active stars, while absorption at K I and Na I is strengthened. A comparison of the distribution of the Hα strengths with V - I color in Praesepe and the similarly aged Hyades cluster indicates that the onset of M dwarf activity occurs at a significantly redder color in Praesepe than in the Hyades. Analysis of similar data on eight clusters from the literature is used to explore the relationship between age and activity in open clusters. We quantify the dependence on cluster age of the location along the main sequence for the onset of activity, confirming that the critical color at which activity becomes prominent is a nearly linear function of the logarithm of the age.
Overview of the JT-60SA project

This paper overviews the achievements and plans of the JT-60SA project which has been implemented jointly by Europe and Japan since 2007, covering the objectives, performance, schedule, design and procurement activities and on-site preparations. Re-baselining of the project was completed in late 2008. All of the scientific missions are preserved with the newly designed machine to meet the cost objectives. The construction of the JT-60SA has begun with procurement activities for components of the toroidal field magnet, poloidal field magnet, vacuum vessel, in-vessel components, cryostat, power supplies in parallel with dismantling the JT-60 facilities, at the end of which the first plasma is foreseen in 2016. For exploitation, development of the JT-60SA research plan has been started jointly between Japan and Europe.
Dual Time Scales in a Wave Problem Governed by Coupled Nonlinear Equations

The method of multiple time scales is used to obtain a uniformly valid perturbation solution for initial value problems (periodic or isolated initial disturbance) arising in shallow water motion or in compressible gas flow. The results are used to modify the original equations so as to lead to a particularly convenient problem formulation. The time at which discontinuities first appear is found to be accurately predictable.Although the specific problem considered here does not seem to have been previously treated by this method, the basic ideas are familiar in related contexts. The paper is in part expository, and comparisons are made with other methods, including conventional perturbations, perturbation of characteristics, and direct numerical solutions.