Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path analysis in short duration Rice Genotypes of Manipur

High significant variations were observed for all the traits studied under present investigation. Considering parameters, high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed for the number of effective tillers per plant, grain yield per plant, plant height followed by days to 50% flowering. Heritability in broad sense was higher in all of the characters studied under present investigation. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed in plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of spikelets per panicle and number of grains per panicle, indicated that these characters under additive gene control and selection for improvement might be effective. Both at the phenotypic and genotypic level, grain yield per plant had significant and positive association with plant height, panicle length,number of filled grains per panicle and number of spikelets per panicle but had significant negative association with number of effective tillers per plant and 1000- grain weight. Number of spikelets per panicle had the maximum positive and direct effect followed by days to maturity, plant height, spikelet fertility and 1000- grain weight. Based on mean performance and various genetic parameters attributes, advance line namely, MC-34-1-10-6-1-26 was observed to be promising because it is of short duration, and yielded significantly higher than the short duration check RCM-8. Promising culture would be recommended for double cropping in the valley region of the state.
Response of cultivars of wheat to Meloidogyne artiellia

Meloidogyne artiellia Franklin, is an important nematode in the Mediterranean area especially on leguminous crops as chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (Greco, 1984), but also it causes severe damage to durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in Italy (Di Vito et al., 1987), Greece (Kyrou, 1969), France (Ritter, 1972) and Spain (Tobar-Jimenez, 1973). The nematode has a wide host range and can reproduce very well on cereals, cruciferous and leguminous plants (Di Vito et al., 1985). Therefore its control, by crop rotations, is difficult as well as chemical control. A glasshouse experiment was undertaken to investigate the response of some Italian cultivars of wheat to M. artiellia.
The role of telomerase and chromosome healing in patients with terminal deletions

A simple telomere-anchored PCR-based method was used to isolate telom erejunction clones from a number of individuals. Analysis of clones led to th e isolation of novel chromosome ends, including a low level polymorphic telom ere, present in 2.4 % of the Caucasian population. The sequence adjacent to th is telomere shows homology to a subterminal repeat found at internal locations o n 4p, 4q, lOq and 22q in most individuals. A number of modifications were made to the telomere-anchored PCR strategy, including generation of telomere v a r ia n t repeat probes to detect many normal chromosome ends, and the addition of a f i l te r hybridisation selection step to increase enrichment for telomere-repeat a rra y s from genomic DNA. The modified strategy was used successfully to isolate a candidate terminal deletion breakpoint from a patient with a deletion of 22q. The telomere-adjacent sequence does not show homology to subterminal repeats and is unique to chromosome 22. It shows 96.2 % sequence identity to a BAC clone m apped to 22ql3.3, consistent with initial RFLP data obtained by another group. The sequence is located adjacent to a telomere in the patient, but not in 87 u n re la ted individuals, or the patient’s parents, indicating that it is a de novo telomere rep e a t array. The telomere appears to contain TTAGGGrepeats, without variants. The lack of subterminal sequence at the breakpoint, and array of only TTAGGG repeats strongly suggests that the truncated chromosome was healed via direct addition o f telomere repeats by the enzyme telomerase. Comparison of the sequence around this putative breakpoint region with sequence generated from a 7q32 b reakpo in t, and previously characterised breakpoints at 16pl3.3, did not reveal any sequence features common to these regions, apart from a high density of dispersed repeats. The lack of conserved sequence features suggests that telomerase does not h av e strict sequence requirements for healing broken chromosomes in vivo.
Coping with waves: Plasticity in tidal marsh plants as self‐adapting coastal ecosystem engineers

Tidal marsh vegetation is increasingly valued for its role in ecosystem‐based coastal protection due to its wave dissipating capacity. As the efficiency of wave dissipation is known to depend on specific vegetation properties, we quantified how these morphological, biochemical, and biomechanical properties of tidal marsh vegetation are, in turn, affected by wave exposure. This was achieved by field measurements at two locations, with contrasting wave exposure, in the brackish part of the Scheldt Estuary (SW Netherlands), where Scirpus maritimus is the dominant pioneer species. Our results show that shoots from more wave‐exposed conditions developed significantly shorter and thicker stems than the ones growing in more sheltered conditions. Furthermore, we show that the more exposed shoots are more flexible whereas the shoots growing in more sheltered conditions are stiffer. This may indicate plasticity in response to wave exposure following a stress‐avoidance strategy. Increasing stiffness was shown to be related to enhanced biogenic silica and lignin contents of the shoot tissue. These properties might affect the wave‐attenuating capacity of the marsh as stiff plants are known to mitigate waves more effectively than flexible ones. However, we also found higher shoot densities on the exposed site, which may partly explain why higher relative wave attenuation rates were found on the exposed site, despite the presence of more flexible individual shoots. This study highlights that the efficiency of wave attenuation by tidal marsh vegetation ultimately depends on mutual interactions between waves and plasticity in morphological, biochemical, and biomechanical plant properties.
Screening of Marine Fatty Acids Producing Bacteria with Antimicrobial Capabilities

Thirty - eight bacterial isolates were isolated from sediment samples during the summer. Screening of fatty acids production using H 2 O 2 -plate assay and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) colorimetric methods were performed. All strains were found to give response for all concentration of H 2 O 2 and high result for TTC when their lipid extract was injected into Gas chromatography (GC). The best marine bacterial isolate in the production of fatty acids was phenotypically characterized through morphological, physiological, biochemical tests and genotypic characterization through 16S rDNA technique and was identified as Bacillus toyonensis strain GAD1. The profile of Bacillus toyonensis strain GAD1 produced fatty acids after different incubation time showed that the highest production of fatty acids was after 9 hrs (69.1 % of total extraction). Fatty acids produced by Bacillus toyonensis strain GAD1 showed antibacterial and antifungal activity towards Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio Sp. , Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and for fungal ones Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus flavus ,Aspergillus terreus and Candida albicans .
Studies towards the prebiotic synthesis and phosphorylation of ribonucleotides

The discovery of the universality of life’s biochemistry across all domains of life suggests that life has a unified chemical origin. RNA is a highly versatile pillar of extant biochemistry, with essential and universal roles as a genetic messenger between DNA and proteins, a universally essential catalyst in ribosomes, and an essential element of a variety of co-factors. The deep-seated role of RNA in modern biochemistry and RNA's unique dual biological functionality, acting both genotypically and phenotypically, makes RNA a strong contender for the first biopolymer of life: the ‘RNA world’ hypothesis. However, one of the most significant problems in bridging the gap between a purely abiological and a biologically active world is a prebiotically plausible synthesis of ribonucleotides. An account of our results investigating novel prebiotically plausible syntheses of ribonucleotides is presented. We propose a new oxidative approach to the synthesis of nucleotide precursors exploiting the oxidation of acrolein, the simplest unsaturated aldehyde with many prebiotically plausible syntheses, to glycidaldehyde by aqueous hydrogen peroxide, a simple and prebiotically robust oxidant. Glycidaldehyde provides the activation required to realise regioselective incorporation of phosphate during nucleotide assembly, leading to the first prebiotically plausible aqueous synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides 5′-phosphate. These reactions are effected under simple, mild, aqueous conditions, compatible with the rest of our prebiotic studies on the synthesis of amino acids and purine ribonucleotides. We also demonstrate that acrolein can be used in the prebiotic synthesis of C3 amino acids, establishing acrolein as a central synthon in prebiotic chemistry. Our discovery of a generational node in the network of prebiotic chemistry that links the syntheses of amino acids with nucleotides 5'-phosphates suggests that these different groups of metabolites need not have arisen from separate chemistries, helping us to get a better understanding of the processes governing the chemical evolution of life.
Uso da farinha de folhas de moringa oleifera na alimentação de frangos de corte

A Moringa oleifera (MOL) apresenta caracteristicas que a tornam uma potencial candidata a ser usada como alimento alternativo na alimentacao de aves, tais como bom teor de proteina, presenca de compostos bioativos, minerais e vitaminas. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar os valores energeticos e nutricionais da MOL, foi realizado um ensaio de digestibilidade com frangos. Inicialmente as folhas de MOL foram secas, moidas e encaminhadas ao laboratorio para a determinacao de sua composicao quimica. Foram utilizados 90 pintos machos da linhagem Cobb-500 com 14 dias de idade, que foram alojados em gaiolas metabolicas de acordo com um delineamento inteiramente causalizado, com cinco tratamentos, seis repeticoes de tres aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de: uma dieta referencia e quatro dietas testes onde as folhas de moringa moidas substituiam com base na materia natural, 10%, 20%, 30% e 40% da dieta referencia. O periodo experimental foi de oito dias (quatro de adaptacao e quatro de coleta de excretas). Os dados foram submetidos a analise de variância e analise de regressao ao nivel de 5% de probabilidade. A partir da analise de regressao foi determinado os valores de energia metabolizavel aparente (EMA), energia metabolizavel aparente corrigida para o balanco de nitrogenio (EMAn), coeficiente de metabolizabilidade aparente da materia seca (CMAMS), coeficiente de metabolizabilidade aparente da proteina bruta (CMAPB), coeficiente de metabolizabilidade aparente da energia bruta (CMAEB) do farelo da moringa oleifera. A MOL analisada apresentou: 90,17% de materia seca, 18,31% de proteina bruta, 41,99% de fibra em detergente neutro, 23,46% de fibra em detergente acido, 8,65% de extrato etereo e 11,10% de materia mineral. Foi observado um aumento dos valores de energia metabolizavel das racoes a medida que o a MOL substituia a racao referencia. Na derivacao das equacoes de regressao o nivel que proporcionou o melhor valor de EMA, EMAn, CMEB foi de 37,7% de substituicao. O farelo de folhas MOL apresentou media de 3140 kcal/kg de EMA, 2845 kcal/kg de EMAn, 76,92% de CMAEB, 76,63% de CMAMS e 73,42% de CMAPB.
Lineage‐specific evolution of flavin‐containing monooxygenases involved in aliphatic glucosinolate side‐chain modification

Glucosinolates, a class of specialized metabolites specific to the order Brassicales, have diverse bioactivities that are largely dependent on the structures of their side chains. Flavin‐containing monooxygenases (FMOs) encoded by the FMOGS‐OX genes have been found to catalyze side‐chain modifications during the synthesis of methionine‐derived aliphatic glucosinolates. Seven FMOGS‐OX genes have been identified in Arabidopsis Heynh. , but the evolution of these genes in the Brassicaceae, a family including many economically important vegetables, is poorly understood. In this study, the phylogenetic and syntenic relationships of the FMOGS‐OX genes belonging to 12 sequenced Brassicaceae species were analyzed. Our results showed that the FMOGS‐OX genes included two tandem arrays, the FMOGS‐OX2‐4 group (group A) and the FMOGS‐OX5‐7 group (group B). The evolutionary histories of the FMOGS‐OX groups A and B were similar across the Brassicaceae, but two lineage‐specific evolutionary routes developed after these two separate species lineages diverged from Aethionema arabicum (L.) Andrz. ex DC. In the lineage I route, FMOGS‐OX gene copies tended to increase due to frequent tandem duplication events in most species and a whole genome triplication in Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz. In the lineage II route, gene copies decreased due to deletion events. Combining these results with those of previous studies, we speculated that the FMOGS‐OX genes were derived from an ancestral gene with a broad expression distribution and a broad range of substrates, which then underwent subfunctionalization to generate progeny limited in either spatial expression or substrate structure. Furthermore, the absence of FMOGS‐OX5 substrates in some FMOGS‐OX5‐containing species may suggest neofunctionalization of these genes.
Haemoglobin polymorphism in wild and cultured African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822)

Haemoglobin polymorphism, haemoglobin concentration, blood group and genotypes of wild and cultured Clarias gariepinus were investigated. Blood samples of Clarias gariepinus collected from Lake Alau (wild) and Dalori fish farm (cultured) were subjected to cellulose acetate electrophoresis to reveal the activities of hemoglobin (Hb). The result shows that both wild and cultured C. gariepinus had AA, BB and CC genotypes in the males and females. However, BD genotype was observed only in the female wild C. gariepinus . The percentage AA and BB genotypes of wild male C. gariepinus was 6.6% each. Wild females had AA, BB, CC and BD genotype with frequencies of 26.6, 33.3, 20 and 6.6% respectively. Cultured male C. gariepinus had AA, BB and CC with frequencies of 13.3, 26.6 and 6.6%, respectively, while the female C. gariepinus had AA, BB and CC with frequencies of 20, 13.3 and 20% respectively. Wild C. gariepinus had the highest (10.36 g/dl) haemoglobin concentration value while the cultured strain had 8.86 g/dl. The blood groups of wild male C. gariepinus were O - (10% of the population) and AB + (10% of the population). The wild females had O - , O + , A + , B + and AB + with 40, 10, 10, 10 and 10% of the population respectively, Cultured male had O + , A + and AB + (10, 20 and 20% of the fish observed) respectively. The blood group observed in the cultured female C. gariepinus were O - (30%), A + (10%) and B + (10%). The BD genotype observed in a wild strain of C. gariepinus indicates incomplete (partial) dominance and rare allele. This could be an indication of natural hybridization. Keywords : Haemoglobin concentration, polymorphism, genotype, blood group, wild and cultured, Clarias
A minimalist approach to protein identification

Computations on proteome sequence databases show that most proteins can be identified from a protein’s isoelectric point (IEP) and digitized linear sequence volume (equal to the total volume of its residues). This is illustrated with four proteomes: H. pylori (1553 proteins), E. coli (4306 proteins), S. cerevisiae (6721 proteins), and H. sapiens (20207 proteins); the identification rate exceeds 90% in all four cases for appropriate parameter values. IEP can be obtained with 1-d gel electrophoresis (GE), whose accuracy is better than 0.01. Linear protein sequence volumes of unbroken proteins can be obtained with a sub-nanometer diameter nanopore that can measure residue volume with a resolution of 0.07-0.1 nm3 (Kennedy et al., Nature Nanotech., 2016, 11, 968-976; Dong et al., ACS Nano, 2017, doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08452); the blockade current due to a translocating protein is roughly proportional to the volume it excludes in the pore. There is no need to identify any of the residues. More than 90% of all the proteins have estimated translocation times higher than 1 μs, which is within the time resolution of available detectors. This is a minimalist proteolysis-free GE-and nanopore-based single-molecule approach requires very small samples, is non-destructive (the sample can be recovered for reuse), and can be translated with currently available technology into a portable device for possible use in the field, an academic lab, or a pre-screening step preceding conventional mass spectrometry.
Campylobacter: An overview of cases, occurrence in food, contamination sources, and antimicrobial resistance in Brazil

ABSTRACT Campylobacter has been the most prevalent microorganism associated with foodborne gastroenteritis in developed countries in the last years. The consumption of contaminated chicken meat is the main source of campylobacteriosis in humans. However, in developing countries, Campylobacter has not been recognized as a food safety problem. Here, we provide an overview of studies focusing on occurrence of Campylobacter in Brazilian chicken processing chain, epidemiological data, contamination sources, antimicrobial resistance and fields where more studies are needed. Over the past 15 years, only five foodborne outbreaks involving 37 cases of campylobacteriosis were reported in Brazil. However, the occurrence of Campylobacter in samples of carcasses and chicken products was about 32.7%, and the microbial load ranged from <0.30 to 5.15 log10 CFU. This pathogen was also found in feces, caecum, intestine and cloaca of chicken (50.9%), chicken litter (65.4%), and water (13.7%). The most prevalent species identified in the studies were C. jejuni (80%) and C. coli (19.6%). In addition, high antimicrobial resistance rates were noted for cephalosporins (98.5–100%), quinolones (84.5%), and fluoroquinolones (77.6–82.8%). This review demonstrates that Campylobacter seems to be an important pathogen in the chicken processing chain and, consequently, for public health in Brazil.
Histochemical Studies of Pancreas in Prenatal Goat (Capra hircus)

The pancreas is the unique gland having exocrine and endocrine functions. At the time of histogenesis of foetal pancreas their cellular composition changes as age advance. It was noticed a decrease in the amount of glycogen in acinar cell buds with the advancement of foetal age in human (Conklin, 1962) but literature is scanty in foetal goat pancreas. Therefore, present study was undertaken to see the reactions in different components of pancreas in prenatal goat.
Antibacterial activity of Zataria multiflora essential oil and its main components against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Summary Introduction: In Iranian traditional medicine, Zataria multiflora Boiss (Lamiaceae family) is reputed due to its antiseptic effects. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and biofilm killing effects of Z. multiflora essential oil and main components against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: The main components of essential oil were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial properties of Z. multiflora oil and main components were determined by assessing the MIC and MBC values, and their inhibition percent of biofilm killing effects were determined by the evaluation of optical density. The role of each main component in these activities was determined according to the chemical profiles of essential oil. Results: Thymol (38.7%), carvacrol (30.6%), and p-cymene (8.3%) were main components of twenty five components of essential oil. Carvacrol had the higher role in antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa, followed by thymol. P-cymene enhanced the antibacterial activities of thymol and carvacrol against P. aeruginosa. Carvacrol showed the weak role in biofilm killing effect. In spite of the low antibacterial activity of p-cymene against P. aeruginosa, it can enhance the antibacterial activity of thymol or carvacrol. Conclusion: Z. multiflora essential oil can be used for the management of P. aeruginosa infections. Determining the precise role of each components needs investigating in their behavior in different media.
Determinants of target prioritization and regulatory hierarchy for the bacterial small RNA SgrS

The mechanisms by which small RNA (sRNA) regulators select and prioritize target mRNAs remain poorly understood, but serve to promote efficient responses to environmental cues and stresses. We sought to uncover mechanisms that establish regulatory hierarchy for a model sRNA, SgrS, found in enteric bacteria and produced under conditions of metabolic stress when sugar transport and metabolism are unbalanced. SgrS post-transcriptionally controls a nine-gene regulon to restore growth and homeostasis under stress conditions. An in vivo reporter system was used to quantify SgrS-dependent regulation of target genes and established that SgrS exhibits a clear preference for certain targets, and regulates those targets efficiently even at low SgrS levels. Higher SgrS concentrations are required to regulate other targets. The position of targets in the regulatory hierarchy is not well-correlated with the predicted thermodynamic stability of SgrS-mRNA interactions or the SgrS-mRNA binding affinity as measured in vitro. Detailed analyses of SgrS interaction with asd mRNA demonstrate that SgrS binds cooperatively to two sites and remodels asd mRNA secondary structure. SgrS binding at both sites increases the efficiency of asd mRNA regulation compared to mutants that have only a single SgrS binding site. Our results suggest that sRNA selection of target mRNAs and regulatory hierarchy are influenced by several molecular features. The sRNA-mRNA interaction, including the number and position of sRNA binding sites on the mRNA and cofactors like the RNA chaperone Hfq, seem to tune the efficiency of regulation of specific mRNA targets. IMPORTANCE To survive, bacteria must respond rapidly to stress and simultaneously maintain metabolic homeostasis. The small RNA (sRNA) SgrS mediates the response to stress arising from imbalanced sugar transport and metabolism. To coordinate the stress response, SgrS regulates genes involved in sugar uptake and metabolism. Intrinsic properties of sRNAs such as SgrS allow them to regulate extensive networks of genes. To date, sRNA regulation of targets has largely been studied in the context of “one sRNA-one target”, and little is known about coordination of multi-gene regulons and sRNA regulatory network structure. Here, we explore the molecular basis for regulatory hierarchy in sRNA regulons. Our results reveal a complex interplay of factors that influence the outcome of sRNA regulation. The number and location of sRNA binding sites on mRNA targets and the participation of an RNA chaperone dictate prioritized regulation of targets to promote an efficient response to stress.