Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Everything Changes, But It All Stays the Same. Labour Market Parties, Corporatism and Norwegian Sick Pay Policies 1978–2014

Since the adoption of a generous and universal sick pay scheme in 1978, the key elements of Norwegian sick pay policies have remained the same. The present study focuses on the gradual developments in welfare corporatism and policymaking during this period, arguing that these changes paved the way for new and surprising strategies and behaviour among the labour market parties. Tracking several retrenchment attempts across decades, the analyses show how policymaking in corporatist committees was gradually replaced by less predictable processes. Successive governments of different colors have tried to bypass the social partners and legislate hierarchically, thus signaling a break with traditional corporatist norms and decision rules. Labour and business groups adapted by negotiating a pact that kept the existing distribution of economic risks in the sick pay scheme off the political agenda, and by backing each other and creating negative attention to government in the media to protect the pact. In sum, although sick pay policies have remained largely unchanged, this is a status quo upheld by processes of welfare policymaking that have changed substantially. The pact between the social partners and the state is currently a new vetopoint for welfare policymaking. But the piecemeal institutional transformation witnessed in this period, together with the need for conflictual media strategies and new alliances to protect the pact, suggest that it could be a fragile veto- point.
Testing Adaptive Market Hypothesis in Global Islamic Stock Markets: Evidence from Markov-Switching ADF Test

Although market efficiency has been extensively examined in the literature, the studies generally focus on conventional stock markets. Since market efficiency is related to a well-functioning market, it is of great importance for the efficient allocation of resources and also providing sustainable economic growth. Market efficiency is not only important for conventional stock markets but also for the Islamic stock market as the Islamic stock markets are gaining prominence. An increase in the scope of Islamic markets worldwide creates the motivation for investigating the efficiency of Islamic stock markets. Hence there is a growing interest in Islamic stock markets. With a limited number of studies that analyze the efficient market hypothesis in Islamic stock markets, this paper aims to examine market efficiency in the global Islamic stock markets via MarkovSwitching Augmented Dickey-Fuller (MS-ADF) test. The linear unit root test result shows that the global Islamic stock market indices exhibit random walk properties that are consistent with the Efficient Market Hypothesis. On the other hand, nonlinear test results suggest global Islamic stock markets exhibit twostate regime-switching characteristics. The MS-ADF test results indicate that the world and developed Islamic stock markets are stationary only in the high volatility regime and this finding supports the Adaptive Market Hypothesis. However, the emerging Islamic stock market is found to be stationary in both regimes that are contradictory for weak-form efficiency.
Green Supply Chain for Better Future Hotel Business

The purpose of this study is to analyze the integration of green hotels and green supply chain practices for better future hotel business. Data collected through observation, questionnaires, and interviews. This research uses pentagon magic theory of tourism development to analyze aspects of environmentally friendly tourism which is combined with the Triple Bottom Line dimension approach related to economy, environment and social. The respondents are 63 hotel employees determined from Food & Beverage department, purchasing, receiving and inventory. Respondents were determined by the characteristics of their knowledge and understanding of the supply chain management activities that are interrelated with departments in hotels. The findings show that respondents have a positive attitude towards green hotels and green supply. Hotel management and related business operators surveyed believe that standards must be set for green hotels and green supply. If conventional hotels and environmentally friendly hotels serve the same function, green hotels will be the preferred choice. Green hospitality business practices are able to improve environmental performance, business impact can enhance brand image as a business that cares the environment and as a strategic marketing tool to enhance its unique competitiveness. The results indicate that there is a tendency for consumers' tastes to be environmentally friendly products in Bali. Future research is suggested to build a model that can be adopted by green hotels to include premiums in the price of their facilities. It also aims to create awareness among hotel facility operators about the various benefits associated with being green. The potential benefit of this research is to enhance the brand and company image of the hotel in addition to contributing to a sustainable environment. Keywords—green hotel, green supply chain, hospitality
Dung Beetle Diversity and Community Composition Along a Land Use Gradient in a Savannah Ecosystem of North Western Tanzania

Habitat loss and degradation are the most widely cited drivers of changes in species abundance and diversity. We explored changes in dung beetle species diversity and composition across different land uses in the north west Tanzanian savannah. We expected a negative response gradient in the diversity and composition of the dung beetle community, from land uses that preserve vegetation and hold native mammal diversity to livestock intensive and heavily grazed areas. Dung beetles were sampled in a protected area and two anthropogenically influenced land use types. Species richness and composition of each land use type, including differences in diversity and functional groups were analyzed and indicator species for each land use gradient were identified. As expected, diversity and community composition varied between areas with less environmental change compared to those impacted anthropogenically. We conclude that conservation of protected areas within African savannahs can provide a functionally rich dung beetle community and subsequently rich ecological functions. The dung beetle species identified by this study as eco-indicators can be used as a benchmark for future studies that use rapid monitoring to assess disturbance in African savannas.
A Review on Cementitious Materials Including Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash (MSWI-BA) as Aggregates

Waste management is a vital environmental issue in the world today. Municipal solid wastes (MSWs) are discarded in huge quantities on a daily basis and need to be well controlled. Incineration is a common method for reducing the volume of these wastes, yet it produces ashes that require further assessment. Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI-BA) is the bulk byproduct of the incineration process and has the potential to be used in the construction sector. This paper offers a review of the use of MSWI-BA as aggregates in cementitious materials. With the growing demand of aggregates in cementitious materials, MSWI-BA is considered for use as a partial or full alternative. Although the physical and chemical properties of MSWI-BA are different than those of natural aggregates (NA) in terms of water absorption, density, and fineness, they can be treated by various methods to ensure suitable quality for construction purposes. These treatment methods are classified into thermal treatment, solidification and stabilization, and separation processes, where this review focuses on the techniques that reduce deficiencies limiting the use of MSWI-BA as aggregates in different ways. When replacing NA in cementitious materials, MSWI-BA causes a decrease in workability, density, and strength. Moreover, they cause an increase in water absorption, air porosity, and drying shrinkage. In general, the practicality of using MSWI-BA in cementitious materials is mainly influenced by its treatment method and the replacement level, and it is concluded that further research, especially on durability, is required before MSWI-BA can be efficiently used in the production of sustainable cementitious materials.
Polyamide 12/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube and Carbon Black Nanocomposites Manufactured by 3D Printing Fused Filament Fabrication: A Comparison of the Electrical, Thermoelectric, and Mechanical Properties

In this study, nanocomposites with polyamide 12 (PA12) as the polymer matrix and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon black (CB) at different loadings (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 wt.%) as fillers, were produced in 3D printing filament form by melt mixing extrusion process. The filament was then used to build specimens with the fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensional (3D) printing process. The aim was to produce by FFF 3D printing, electrically conductive and thermoelectric functional specimens with enhanced mechanical properties. All nanocomposites’ samples were electrically conductive at filler loadings above the electrical percolation threshold. The highest thermoelectric performance was obtained for the PA12/CNT nanocomposite at 10.0 wt. %. The static tensile and flexural mechanical properties, as well as the Charpy’s impact and Vickers microhardness, were determined. The highest improvement in mechanical properties was observed for the PA12/CNT nanocomposites at 5.0 wt. % filler loading. The fracture mechanisms were identified by fractographic analyses of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images acquired from fractured surfaces of tensile tested specimens. The nanocomposites produced could find a variety of applications such as; 3D-printed organic thermoelectric materials for plausible large-scale thermal energy harvesting applications, resistors for flexible circuitry, and piezoresistive sensors for strain sensing.
Brewing a Craft Impression: A Multilevel Study About the Orchestration of Organizational Impression Management Through Authenticity

Organizations face the tricky challenge of portraying a coherent appearance of identity to make an authentic impression on their audiences. This study argues that authenticity is a cross-level mechanism through which organizations and their individual members orchestrate a coherent impression. A qualitative investigation revealed how five Canadian craft breweries claimed authenticity in their formal images by referencing a collective organizational identity in the environment. These claims were authenticated by external audiences and by individual organizational members. Two distinctly organizational forms of authentication expressed by individuals were (1) consensus about facets of organizational identity that mirrored the institutional authenticity claim as a party line and (2) role claims about leaders and employees, each comprising behavior scripts that corroborated the organization’s authenticity claim. The two forms of authentication also supported authentic leadership in the organization and contributed to an orchestrated appearance by linking institutional and individual impression management.
Effects of Eggs Treated With High Voltage Electrostatic Field on Cocoon Output and Quality of Bombyx mori

The effects of high voltage electrostatic field(HVEF) on life vigor of larvae,cocoon yield and silk quality were studied in this article by treating eggs of Bombyx mori with the field in the laboratory and production.Results of the experiments indicated that 2 groups treated by accelerating voltage and 4 groups treated by non-accelerating voltage showed no negative effects in egg's hatchability and vigor of the larvae.t test showed that the indexes of the cocoon weight,cocoon shell weight,pupae weight were significantly increased in comparison with the control group,while the cocoon shell percentage of the females in the treated groups was not significantly increased and the cocoon shell percentage of the males in most treated groups was significantly increased.The results of the production experiments with Bombyx mori eggs treated by using the best treating conditions in 3 production sites during 6 cultural periods indicated that,compared with the control group,cocoon yield per eggs sheet increased 10.86% on average,the cocoon shell weight increased 15.45%,the cocoon shell percentage and efficiencies of cocoon shell production increased 5.00% and 12.72%,respectively.Cocoon filament length and length of non-broken cocoon filament increased 72.24 m and 76.09 m respectively.The reelability percentage and reelable cocoon rate have also certain increases.Discount of deflossed cocoon decreased and cocoon filament size increased a little,but has no significant effects on cocoon neatness.
Developmental goals during the transition to young adulthood

Adolescents navigate the transition into young adulthood through their pursuit of developmental goals. While societal expectations and institutions provide normed paths to adulthood by shaping decisions on goal identification, individuals take various routes to attain adult-status through different goal prioritization. Using longitudinal data from a U.S. sample of 1,088 adolescents (55.6% female; 25.3% Whites, 19.8% Asians, 30.4% Latinx, 12.6% Multiracial), we identified young adults’ major developmental goal and subgoal trajectories during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Participants nominated goals within a 5-year period starting from the final year of secondary school, and responses were categorized into major developmental goals. Results showed moderate goal stability over time. Although career and education goals were initially prioritized, they were less frequently nominated over time while relational and financial goals became more frequent. However, rank-order stability was retained. Findings also showed that individual differences in education and employment status, motivational factors, gender, and ethnicity predicted goal identification in young adulthood. Collectively, findings reveal both general trends and interindividual differences in goals that highlight the interplay between society and individual agency, ultimately leading to different paths taken during the transition to adulthood.
Feeling responsible: Emotion and practical ethics in conflict journalism

This article examines the role of emotion in the practices of journalists reporting on conflict and its effects in South Sudan, based on a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews and ethnographic observations of the working routines of journalists from Nairobi, Kampala and Juba. Contrary to perceptions of emotion as an akratic failure to reason in a rational, detached manner, obligations felt to people and situations can be understood as rational, information-bearing guides to action, directing journalists to consider personal ethical norms that may sit in tension with the norms of their professional roles as they understand them. The presence of such feelings in the case of journalists committed to a norm of emotional detachment in their work points to the moral incoherence of norms of detachment in (at least) journalism of this type.
Systemwide Quality Improvement in Early Childhood Education: Evidence From Louisiana

Despite substantial federal, state, and local investments in improving early care and education (ECE), we know little about whether ECE program quality has improved over time. The lack of data tracking the quality of publicly funded ECE programs at scale creates a substantial evidence gap for policymakers attempting to weigh the returns on, and future of, quality improvement policies. Data from Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (QRIS) provide a promising opportunity to address this problem. Using 4 years of data from a mandatory, statewide QRIS covering subsidized child care, Head Start, and state prekindergarten, we document systemwide quality and improvement trends over a period of targeted investment in quality improvement statewide. We find improvements in quality overall, across sectors and communities over this period. Results also reveal differential growth across sectors such that quality gaps diminished. This study highlights the potential of statewide ECE data for informing quality improvement efforts.
Comparison of locking compression plating vs retrograde intramedullary nailing in distal femur extra-articular fractures

Background: The purpose of the study was to compare the outcome of distal femur extra articular fractures treated with locking plate and retrograde intramedullary nail.Methods: 86 patients’ distal femur extra-articular fractures were included in the study. 44 patients were operated with intramedullary nailing; 42 patients were operated with locking plate. Results of the 2 groups were compared with regards to clinical and radiological outcome, intraoperative timing and blood loss. Post-operative status of the patients was evaluated using the visual analogue scale, neer score, knee range of motion and radiological union on plain radiographs. Patients were followed-up at 4 weekly intervals from 8 to 28 weeks and then at 1 year.Results: Mean operative time and blood loss was less in intramedullary nailing group whereas intraoperative blood loss was less in the plating group. 6 patients developed surgical site infection in the plating group. Mean-time till radiological union was significantly better in intramedullary nailing group. 7 patients in plating group had issues with union (5 non-union, 2 delayed union) whereas 1 patient in IMN group had nonunion. 93% of intramedullary nailing cases were able to bear full weight at 12 weeks compared to 66% cases in plate group. Knee pain at 6 months was more in intramedullary nailing group.Conclusions: IMN proved to be a better modality of fixation of distal femur fracture fixation in our study in terms of operative time, union rates, infection rates and overall patient outcome if done with proper principles and techniques of intramedullary fixation.
Does Income Inequality Exist among Urban Farmers? A Demonstration of Lorenz Curves from Northern Thailand

This study was motivated by the profound disparity of farmers’ income in northern Thailand. We aimed to investigate the inequalities in the distribution of estimated income among urban farmers in the Mueang district area of Nan province using the Lorenz curves and Gini indices. Approximations of farmers’ incomes were calculated and the Tobit model was applied to identify the determinants of farm income diversification in each sub-district. Results showed that urban farmers had high inequality scores, and there was a wide range of income among farmers. Ownership, land entitlement, and farmland size positively contributed to farmers’ estimated income. Agricultural activities further showed that rice farming significantly raised income disparity, while maize cultivation negatively affected it in nearly all sub-districts. Therefore, this study contributes an important indication that leads farmers to a sustainable livelihood while simultaneously adjusting relevant institutional policies.
Assessment of Computational Tools for Predicting Supramolecular Synthons

The ability to predict the most likely supramolecular synthons in a crystalline solid is a valuable starting point for subsequently predicting the full crystal structure of a molecule with multiple competing molecular recognition sites. Energy and informatics-based prediction models based on molecular electrostatic potentials (MEPs), hydrogen-bond energies (HBE), hydrogen-bond propensity (HBP), and hydrogen-bond coordination (HBC) were applied to the crystal structures of twelve pyrazole-based molecules. HBE, the most successful method, correctly predicted 100% of the experimentally observed primary intermolecular-interactions, followed by HBP (87.5%), and HBC = MEPs (62.5%). A further HBC analysis suggested a risk of synthon crossover and synthon polymorphism in molecules with multiple binding sites. These easy-to-use models (based on just 2-D chemical structure) can offer a valuable risk assessment of potential formulation challenges.
Puddling effects on soil physical properties and rice performance under shallow water table conditions of tarai

Experiments were conducted with rice (Oryza sativa L.) at Pantnagar in a clay loam soil associated with natural water table fluctuating around 0.25±0.15 m depth from the surface during the season. Puddling reduced water stable aggregates (WSA) of diameter 8 to 1 mm from 21.2 to 3.2% and increased WSA of diameter > 0.211 mm from 28.2 to 59.8%. Similarly mean weight diameter reduced significantly from 1.27 to 0.58 mm. Bulk density in the puddled fallow plot changed from 1.31 to 1.61 Mg m−3 in 0 to 0.075 m layer and from 1.35 to 1.68 Mg m−3 in 0.15 to 0.225 m layer whereas the corresponding changes in the nonpuddled plot were from 1.33 to 1.36 Mg m−3 in 0 to 0.075 m layer and from 1.37 to 1.39 Mg m−3 in 0.15 to 0.225 m layer. Puddling reduced hydraulic conductivity of 0.15 to 0.225 m layer by 96.1%. Similarly infiltration rate was reduced by 95.2%, and air-filled porosity by 30.9%. About 78% of rice roots in the puddled plot were restricted to 0 to 0.1 m layer as against only 59.7% in the nonpuddled plot. Depth of penetration and percentage of roots in the lower layers were greater in nonpuddled than in puddled plot. Variation in leaf xylem water potential between puddled (well-watered) and nonpuddled plots was within ±0.025 MPa. Soil moisture in 0 to 0.075 m layer was always above field capacity. Grain yield of direct seeded rice was 387 kg ha−1 lower than the puddled transplanted rice but the yield of straw was 610 kg ha−1 higher under former than latter.
Effect of Template on Structure and Properties of Cationic Polyacrylamide: Characterization and Mechanism

In this study, a cationic block structure with a strong neutralizing ability was formed through template polymerization. Acryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC) and acrylamide (AM) were used as monomers, and the ionic homopolymer sodium polyacrylate (NaPAA) was used as the template. The product containing NaPAA after template polymerization is denoted as NTP, whereas the copolymer obtained after removing the NaPAA is denoted as TP. The common polymer (denoted SP) of AM and DAC was copolymerized through solution polymerization. TP and SP were characterized and compared by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results of 1H NMR spectroscopy and TGA showed that a cationic block structure was formed in TP. The mechanism of the cationic block polymer used in water treatment was extensively studied through a jar test in which turbidity, zeta potential, and average .