Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical and biological properties of blend-electrospun polycaprolactone/chitosan-based wound dressings loaded with N-decyl-N, N-dimethyl-1-decanaminium chloride: An in vitro and in vivo study.

Dual-pump electrospinning of antibacterial N-decyl-N, N-dimethyl-1-decanaminium-chloride (DDAC)-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers, and chitosan (CS)/polyethylene-oxide (PEO)-based wound dressings with hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties to eliminate and absorb pathogenic bacteria from wound surface besides antibacterial action and to support wound healing and accelerate its process. Physicochemical properties of the prepared nanofibrous mat as well as antibacterial, cytotoxicity, and cell compatibility were studied. The full-thickness excisional wound healing properties up to 3 weeks using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson-trichrome staining were investigated. Addition of DDAC to CS/PEO-PCL mats decreased the diameter of the nanofibers, which is a crucial property for wound healing as large surface area per volume ratio of nanofibers, in addition to proper cell adhesion, increases loading of DDAC in mats and leads to increased cell viability and eliminating Gram-positive bacteria at in vitro studies. In vivo studies showed DDAC-loaded CS/PEO-PCL mats increased epithelialization and angiogenesis and decreased the inflammation according to histological results. We demonstrated that hydrophobic PCL/DDAC mats, besides antibacterial properties of DDAC, absorbed and eliminated the hydrophobic pathological microorganisms, whereas the hydrophilic nanofibers consisted of CS/PEO, increased the cell adhesion and proliferation due to positive charge of CS. Finally, we were able to increase the wound healing quality by using multifunctional wound dressing. CS/PEO-PCL containing 8 wt % of DDAC nanofibrous mats is promising as a wound dressing for wound management due to the favorable interactions between the pathogenic bacteria and PCL/CS-based wound dressing.
Postoperative analgesia using dezocine alleviates depressive symptoms after colorectal cancer surgery: A randomized, controlled, double-blind trial

Background Postoperative depression is one of the most common mental disorders in patients undergoing cancer surgery and it often delays postoperative recovery. We investigated whether dezocine, an analgesic with inhibitory effect on the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake, could relieve postoperative depressive symptoms in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. Methods This randomized, controlled, single-center, double-blind trial was performed in the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University. A total of 120 patients were randomly assigned to receive either sufentanil (1.3 μg/kg) with dezocine (1 mg/kg) (dezocine group; n = 60) or only sufentanil (2.3 μg/kg) (control group; n = 60) for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia after colorectal cancer surgery. The primary outcome was the Beck Depression Inventory score at 2 days after surgery. The secondary outcomes included the Beck Anxiety Inventory, sleep quality, and quality of recovery scores. Results Compared with those in the control group, patients in the dezocine group had lower depression scores (7.3±3.4 vs. 9.9±3.5, mean difference 2.6, 95% CI: 1.4−3.9; P<0.001) at 2 days after surgery and better night sleep quality at the day of surgery (P = 0.010) and at 1 day after the surgery (P<0.001). No significant difference was found in other outcomes between the two groups. Conclusions Intravenous analgesia using dezocine can relieve postoperative depression symptoms and improve sleep quality in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.
Genetic Structure and Demographic History of Endemic Micronesian Blue Riffle Goby, Stiphodon caeruleus (Gobiidae) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Analysis

The Blue Riffle Goby, Stiphodon caeruleus (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae), is an amphidromous species endemic to the volcanic islands of Kosrae and Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia, in the eastern Caroline Islands. This study evaluated the population genetic structure and demographic history of S. caeruleus using mitochondrial NADH subunits 4 (ND4) and 4L (ND4L) DNA sequences. A total of 876 base pairs were successfully sequenced for 208 specimens from 15 localities. Twenty-three haplotypes were recovered with diversity indices of h = 0.489±0.043 and &pgr; = 0.097±0.012% that are lower than many other marine species. The median-joining network of haplotypes is star-like in formation and displayed no genetic structure. AMOVA results show that 99% of the genetic variation is found within populations, rather than between streams or islands. Mismatch distribution analysis and associated statistical tests indicate that a very recent demographic expansion has occurred for the species. Bayesian skyline plot confirms a gradual demographic expansion over the past 5000 years. This expansion is coincident with a reduction in sea level that produced coastal plains and shallow coastal waters, and human settlement of the islands. Our analyses suggest that populations of S. caeruleus among streams are historically unstructured for ND4 and ND4L haplotypes, that larvae may be presently recruited among streams of both islands, and that further nuclear DNA investigations are warranted to resolve potential genetic divergence of populations.
Herbal Medicine for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a worldwide outbreak of respiratory illness. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and adverse events of herbal medicines for the treatment of COVID-19. Methods: Twelve databases were searched through 12 May 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs assessing the effects of herbal medicines for the treatment of COVID-19 were eligible. The study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used for the assessment of the risk of bias in all included RCTs. Mean differences (MDs), risk ratios (RRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and the effect sizes of the studies were pooled. Results: Seven RCTs with a total of 855 patients were included. All included trials compared the combined therapy of herbal medicine with Western medicine to Western medicine alone. The combined therapy significantly improved the total effective rate (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.34, p < 0.001), cough symptom disappearance rate (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.89, p = 0.005), and sputum production symptom disappearance rate (RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.50, p = 0.004). Beneficial effects of the combined therapy were also seen in TCM syndrome score of cough (MD −1.18, 95% CI −1.34 to −1.03, p < 0.001), fever (MD −0.62, 95% CI −0.79 to −0.45, p < 0.001), dry and sore throat (MD −0.83, 95% CI −1.45 to −0.20, p = 0.009), and fatigue (MD −0.60, 95% CI −1.04 to −0.17, p = 0.007). The overall risk of bias of the included studies was unclear. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion: Significant effects of the combined therapy of herbal medicine with Western medicine were found, and revealed the potential role of herbal medicine in treating COVID-19. More high-quality RCTs are needed to further validate the effectiveness and adverse events of herbal medicine in the treatment of COVID-19.
Digestibilidade e parâmetros ruminais de dietas à base de forragem com adição de própolis e monensina sódica para bovinos

It was evaluated the effects of using products containing propolis in two propolis concentrations (B and C) and two alcoholic extractions (1 and 3) and sodium monensin in forage based diet on intake, total and partial digestibility and ruminal characteristics in cattle. It was used four Holstein castrated bovines, with body weight of 221 ± 21 kg, implanted with ruminal cannulla, in a 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design. The experimental diets were composed of 72.5% roughage and 27.5% concentrate and had 14.4% crude protein and 67% of total digestible nutrients (TDN), only differing to the presence of additives. The average intake of dry matter and nutrients did not differ among diets, except for the intake of TDN that was higher for animal fed control diet. The supply of additives, mainly propolis, reduced the total digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN). The total digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was similar among additives and it was lower than the control animals. The inclusion of propolis reflected in lower pH and production of acetate and total volatile fatty acids and monensin resulted in lower acetate:propionate ratio. The addition of the evaluated additives has negative effect on the concentration and intake of digestible energy of roughage based diets for growing cattle.
Cost consequences of home-based and in-patient-based acute psychiatric treatment: Results of an implementation study

Home treatment for acute mental illness is known to have advantages for some service users over hospital-based approaches. Generalisation from short term research studies to sustainable services in ordinary settings has been difficult. A service level and individual matched pairs ( n =58 x 2) study in North Birmingham indicated that home treatment can be developed with neutral cost-consequences. During the 6-week and 6-month follow-up periods users from the implementation team area had higher use of community-based care and lower use of hospital-based care compared to matched users from the control area. The combination of adding a home treatment team and halving the number of inpatient beds was, when compared to a control area, associated with (a) additional numbers of people receiving acute care (b) a lower cost per individual and (c) no difference in overall service cost.
Social disability, challenging behaviour and risk: A comparison of health and Social Services residential provision for people with severe and enduring mental health problems

The population characteristics of people with severe and enduring mental health problems living in 'high support' Health and Local Authority (LA) residential facilities were compared in this survey of social functioning and psychiatric symptomatology. The survey was intended to assist in local service planning, particularly in the targeting of relatively high cost provision. A cross-sectional survey of all 62 residents of the three Local Authority hostels was conducted and compared to an earlier survey of 76 residents living in seven NHS residential facilities. Residents of NHS facilities were found to have poorer social functioning than LA residents; had more physical health problems; had higher levels of behaviour problems and risk behaviours which were both rated as more serious in terms of their effect on community tenure. The survey's findings were consistent with the results of other surveys of the characteristics of people considered 'hard to place' in the community as a result of mental health problems.
Accumulation of nitrogen and microbial residues during 2000 years of rice paddy and non‐paddy soil development in the Yangtze River Delta, China

Lowland rice paddy soils may accumulate significant amounts of organic matter. Our aim was to investigate the role of prolonged paddy management on the nitrogen (N) status of the soils, and to elucidate the contribution of bacteria and fungi to long‐term N accumulation processes. For this purpose, we sampled a chronosequence of 0–2000 years of rice cropping with adjacent non‐paddy systems in the Bay of Hangzhou, China. The samples were analyzed for bulk density, total, mineral and microbial N (Nmic), and amino sugars as markers for microbial residues. The results showed that during the first 100 years of land embankment, both paddy and non‐paddy soils accumulated N at a rate of up to 61 and 77 kg ha−1 per annum, reaching steady‐state conditions after 110–172 years, respectively. Final N stocks in paddy fields exceeded those of the non‐paddies by a factor of 1.3. The contribution of amino sugars to total N increased to a maximum of 34 g N kg−1 N in both land‐use systems, highlighting a significant accumulation of N in microbial residues of the surface soils. Correspondingly, the ratio of Nmic to microbial residue‐N decreased to a constant value. In the paddy subsoils, we found that bacterial residues particularly contributed to the pool of microbial residue‐N. Nevertheless, the absolute contents of amino sugars in paddy subsoils decreased during the last 1700 years of the chronosequence. We conclude that under paddy cultivation, soil microorganisms may accumulate parts of this N in their residues despite low overall N availability. However, this N accumulation is limited to initial stages of paddy soil development and restricted to the surface horizons, thus challenging its sustainability with future land‐use changes.
Application of Next-Generation Sequencing for the Genomic Characterization of Patients with Smoldering Myeloma

Genomic analysis could contribute to a better understanding of the biological determinants of the evolution of multiple myeloma (MM) precursor disease and an improved definition of high-risk patients. To assess the feasibility and value of next-generation sequencing approaches in an asymptomatic setting, we performed a targeted gene mutation analysis and a genome-wide assessment of copy number alterations (CNAs) by ultra-low-pass whole genome sequencing (ULP-WGS) in six patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and 25 patients with smoldering MM (SMM). Our comprehensive genomic characterization highlighted heterogeneous but substantial values of the tumor fraction, especially in SMM; a rather high degree of genomic complexity, in terms of both mutations and CNAs, and inter-patient variability; a higher incidence of gene mutations and CNAs in SMM, confirming ongoing evolution; intraclonal heterogeneity; and instances of convergent evolution. ULP-WGS of these patients proved effective in revealing the marked genome-wide level of their CNAs, most of which are not routinely investigated. Finally, the analysis of our small SMM cohort suggested that chr(8p) deletions, the DNA tumor fraction, and the number of alterations may have clinical relevance in the progression to overt MM. Although validation in larger series is mandatory, these findings highlight the promising impact of genomic approaches in the clinical management of SMM.
Efficacy of Esketamine Augmentation in Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE Esketamine, the S-enantiomer of ketamine, was recently approved as a rapid-acting intranasal therapy for depression and is currently under development for suicidality. The authors sought to determine the efficacy of adjunctive intranasal esketamine in major depressive disorder (MDD). DATA SOURCES A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE was conducted up to January 2019, in addition to abstracts of major psychiatric meetings held since 2010. Searches were conducted by cross-referencing the term intranasal with the term esketamine. Where necessary, authors and/or study sponsors were contacted in order to obtain a copy of the presentation as well as any pertinent study details. STUDY SELECTION 241 study abstracts were initially identified and reviewed. Selected studies were randomized, double-blind clinical trials comparing adjunctive intranasal esketamine to adjunctive placebo for MDD. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted independently by two of the authors. A random effects model was used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) between esketamine and placebo (intranasal saline) in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score change from baseline to endpoint, serving as the primary outcome of the study. RESULTS Five trials with 774 patients were pooled. Adjunctive esketamine was significantly more effective than placebo for MADRS score change, response, and remission (N = 774, SMD = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.24-0.49, P < .0001; response: risk ratio [RR] = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.22-1.61, P < .0001; remission: RR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.20-1.75, P < .0001). Results remained statistically significant regardless of differences in the study sample, fixed vs new/optimized baseline antidepressants. CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive intranasal esketamine for patients with MDD who are either treatment-resistant or acutely suicidal appears to be an effective treatment strategy.
Book Review

Anyone concerned with the way in which US government policy has impacted on the lives of the mentally ill will have an interest in this book. Senior health economists, Frank and Glied, investigate changes in the financing and provision of mental health services since the 1950s in an attempt to understand how the experiences of the mentally ill have changed. In doing so, they expose many of the inconsistencies in public policy which arose after centralized asylums were closed down and care for the mentally ill was dispersed across a wide range of service providers. In 1963, President Kennedy created the Community Mental Health Centres Program, marking a key transition in the way in which the US federal government sought to finance mental health services. This initiative occurred in the midst of other major developments in the treatment of the mentally ill, for example the development and increased use of the pharmacological treatments chlorpromazine and imipramine, and the growth of psychotherapeutic services. For Frank and Glied, however, the most important impact on the delivery of mental health care in the US came through the enactment of Medicare and Medicaid legislation in 1965. Medicaid established a form of health insurance for segments of the poor and disabled population who would previously have had to rely on state institutional care. Many mentally ill recipients began to purchase community care and effectively bought themselves out of institutions. Since the 1960s, mental health care services have been increasingly mainstreamed, with mental health subsumed within general health and welfare policy. Whilst this has been beneficial for those with minor forms of mental disorder, it has often led to a neglect of those with severe mental illness whose unique problems then go unrecognized. The authors argue that treating the mentally ill poses unique problems to society and the structure of the welfare state, which policy makers must appreciate. Federal government has frequently made policy changes in areas such as unemployment law without considering what impact these would have on those with severe mental illness. For example, in 1980, under Carter, Congress passed the 1980 disability amendments to the Social Security Act, which reduced eligibility for support. This led 500,000 individuals to lose their benefits, many of whom were mentally impaired. This is just one example used by Frank and Glied to illustrate the fact that policy makers have continually failed to face up to the challenges of supporting those who are severely mentally ill. They contend that policy decisions concerning unemployment and housing support should incorporate research that shows, for example, that unsatisfactory housing conditions greatly reduce the chances of recovery from mental illness and that it is often hard for those with severe Journal of Mental Health, April 2008; 17(2): 225 – 227
Physical features of grass leaves influence the placement of eggs within the plant by the Hessian fly

Hessian fly eggs are more likely to be found on adaxial rather than abaxial surfaces of wheat leaves. These leaf surfaces differ in their physical features: the adaxial side of the leaf has parallel grooves and ridges while the abaxial side is relatively smooth. We used leaf models to investigate the relationship between Hessian fly egglaying and these physical features. When both sides of a green paper leaf model were treated with a wheat leaf extract, but only one side of the model was scored with parallel grooves, the grooved side received more eggs than the smooth side. As the number of grooves per surface increased from 0 to 10, eggs per model increased. When grooves and the wheat leaf extract were tested together and separately, the grooves significantly increased egg numbers in the presence, but not the absence, of wheat extract. In contrast, wheat extract increased egg numbers both in the absence and presence of grooves. Molding techniques were used to recreate the physical features of the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of five grasses. For four of the grass genotypes (a triticale, two common wheats, and a durum wheat), patterns of egglaying on real leaves and molded models were similar, i.e., adaxial leaf surfaces and adaxial molded models were preferred over abaxial leaf surfaces and abaxial models. On the fifth grass, oat, preferences for the adaxial side of real leaves and for adaxial models were not as obvious. We conclude that the adult female Hessian fly obtains information about the leaf surface through her tactile and/or kinesthetic senses and uses this information when making egglaying decisions.
Spatial genetic structure and clonal diversity of Anemone nemorosa in late successional deciduous woodlands of Central Europe

1 We tested whether established populations in similar environmental conditions exhibit similar or varying spatial genetic structures by comparing populations of the long‐lived species Anemone nemorosa from a number of late successional deciduous woodlands in Central Europe. We discuss the ways in which genetic structure may have been shaped by clonal growth and sexual reproduction.
The Effects of Lateral Bounds on Post-Activation Potentiation of Change-of-Direction Speed Measured by the 505 Test in College-Aged Men and Women

Forty recreationally-trained individuals completed four testing sessions to determine whether lateral bounds (LB) or weighted lateral bounds enhanced change-of-direction (COD) speed measured by the 505 COD speed test. Session 1 included vertical jump and lateral bound (LB) testing to measure power. Sessions 2–4 involved three randomized conditioning activities (CA): 3 × 5 LB; 3 × 5 weighted LB (10% body mass provided by a weighted vest); and a control condition (4-min rest). The 505 COD speed test was performed 5- and 2.5-min pre-CA, and ~15 s, 4, 8, 12, and 16 min post-CA. A 3 × 6 repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) calculated performance changes across time points post-CA. A 3 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA analyzed best potentiated performance. Smallest worthwhile change (SWC) measured within-subject 505 COD speed test performance. Partial correlations controlling for sex calculated relationships between the vertical jump, LB, and percent potentiation. There were no differences (p = 0.919) in 505 time relative to baseline for any CA, nor was the SWC exceeded. The best potentiated 505 time was faster (p < 0.001) than baseline for all CA, with no between-CA differences. There were no significant (p = 0.056–0.993) correlations between power and potentiation. LB and weighted LB did not potentiate the 505 COD speed test, although performance was not hindered.