Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contribution a l'etude de l'auscultation des chaussees par methode d'impact mecanique pour la detection et la caracterisation des defauts d'interface

L'etat des interfaces entre les differentes couches d'une structure de chaussee influence considerablement sa durabilite structurelle. Ce memoire etudie le potentiel d'utilisation de deux methodes d'essais pour detecter et caracteriser cet etat des interfaces. La premiere methode, appelee impact echo, est basee sur la propagation d'ondes de compression dans la structure. La seconde methode est basee sur les vibrations en flexion de la structure. Les deux methodes consistent a appliquer une sollicitation dynamique a la chaussee et a mesurer la reponse en surface. Pour les deux methodes les travaux comprennent une etude numerique de sensibilite y compris de l'endommagement du materiau d'interface. Les resultats sont confrontes a une etude experimentale sur des sites maitrises pour mieux apprehender les limites pratiques des methodes. La complementarite des deux methodes est ainsi mise en evidence pour la detection et la caracterisation des defauts d'interfaces. (A). (Titre en anglais : Contribution to the study of the roadways sounding by mechanical impact methods for the detection and the characterization of the interface defects).
Do black holes store negative entropy

Bekenstein argued that black holes should have entropy proportional to their areas to make black hole physics compatible with the second law of thermodynamics. However, the heuristic picture for Hawking radiation, creation of pairs of positive- and negative-energy particles, leads to an inconsistency among the first law of black hole mechanics, Bekenstein's argument and quantum mechanics. In this paper we propose an equation alternative to Bekenstein's from the viewpoint of quantum information, rather than thermodynamics, to resolve this inconsistency without changing Hawking's original proposal for the radiation. This argues that the area of a black hole is proportional to the coherent information, which is minus the conditional entropy, defined only in the quantum regime, from the outside, to positive-energy particles inside it. This hints that negative-energy particles inside a black hole behave as if they have negative entropy. Our result suggests that the black holes store pure quantum information, rather than classical information.
A STUDY OF POLYCARBONYL COMPOUNDS IN MAGNEGASES

In this paper we studythe structure and thermochemical properties of some new polycarbonyl compounds, with particular attention devoted to the studyof (CO) n complexes, which are expected to be present in magnegases TM . The latter are anomalous gases produced by Hadronic Reactors TM of molecular type [2] (Patented and International Patents Pending) which expose atoms to the extremelyintense electronmagnetic fields existing at atomic distances from electric arcs in such a wayto create a toroidal distribution of the orbitals of individual atoms, whether isolated or part of a valence bond. Polarized atoms, dimers and molecules then attract each other via opposing magnetic polarities resulting into stable clusters which constitute a new chemical species called Santilli’s magnecules [2]. Some of the numerous open problems in the studyof this intriguing new chemical species are pointed out.
Open spinning strings and AdS/dCFT duality

We consider open spinning string solutions on an AdS4 ? S2-brane (D5-brane) in the bulk AdS5 ? S5 background. By taking account of the breaking of SO(6)R to SO(3)H ? SO(3)V due to the presence of the AdS-brane, the open rotating string ansatz is discussed. We construct the elliptic folded/circular open string solutions in the SU(2) and the SL(2) sectors, so that they satisfy the appropriate boundary conditions. On the other hand, in the SU(2) sector of the gauge theory, we compute the matrix of anomalous dimension of the defect operator, which turns out to be the hamiltonian of an open integrable spin chain. Then we consider the coordinate Bethe ansatz with arbitrary number of impurities, and compare the boundary condition of the Bethe wavefunction with that of the corresponding open string solution. We also discuss the Bethe ansatz for the open SL(2) spin chain with several supports from the string theory side. Then, in both SU(2) and SL(2) sectors, we analyze the Bethe equations in the thermodynamic limit and formulate the `doubling trick' on the Riemann surface associated with the gauge theory.
Calibrating the relation of low-frequency radio continuum to star formation rate at 1 kpc scale with LOFAR

Context. Radio continuum (RC) emission in galaxies allows us to measure star formation rates (SFRs) unaffected by extinction due to dust, of which the low-frequency part is uncontaminated from thermal (free–free) emission. Aims. We calibrate the conversion from the spatially resolved 140 MHz RC emission to the SFR surface density (ΣSFR) at 1 kpc scale. Radio spectral indices give us, by means of spectral ageing, a handle on the transport of cosmic rays using the electrons as a proxy for GeV nuclei. Methods. We used recent observations of three galaxies (NGC 3184, 4736, and 5055) from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS), and archival LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) data of NGC 5194. Maps were created with the facet calibration technique and converted to radio ΣSFR maps using the Condon relation. We compared these maps with hybrid ΣSFR maps from a combination of GALEX far-ultraviolet and Spitzer 24 μm data using plots tracing the relation at the highest angular resolution allowed by our data at 1.2 × 1.2 kpc2 resolution. Results. The RC emission is smoothed with respect to the hybrid ΣSFR owing to the transport of cosmic-ray electrons (CREs) away from star formation sites. This results in a sublinear relation (ΣSFR)RC ∝ [(ΣSFR)hyb]a, where a = 0.59 ± 0.13 (140 MHz) and a = 0.75 ± 0.10 (1365 MHz). Both relations have a scatter of σ = 0.3 dex. If we restrict ourselves to areas of young CREs (α > −0.65; Iν ∝ να), the relation becomes almost linear at both frequencies with a ≈ 0.9 and a reduced scatter of σ = 0.2 dex. We then simulate the effect of CRE transport by convolving the hybrid ΣSFR maps with a Gaussian kernel until the RC–SFR relation is linearised; CRE transport lengths are l = 1–5 kpc. Solving the CRE diffusion equation, assuming dominance of the synchrotron and inverse-Compton losses, we find diffusion coefficients of D = (0.13–1.5) × 1028 cm2 s−1 at 1 GeV. Conclusions. A RC–SFR relation at 1.4 GHz can be exploited to measure SFRs at redshift z ≈ 10 using 140 MHz observations.
Point of Interest (POI) Recommendation System using Implicit Feedback Based on K-Means+ Clustering and User-Based Collaborative Filtering

Recommendation system always involves huge volumes of data, therefore it causes the scalability issues that do not only increase the processing time but also reduce the accuracy. In addition, the type of data used also greatly affects the result of the recommendations. In the recommendation system, there are two common types of data namely implicit (binary) rating and explicit (scalar) rating. Binary rating produces lower accuracy when it is not handled with the properly. Thus, optimized K-Means+ clustering and user-based collaborative filtering are proposed in this research. The K-Means clustering is optimized by selecting the K value using the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI) method. The experimental result shows that the optimization of the K values produces better clustering than Elbow Method. The K-Means+ and User-Based Collaborative Filtering (UBCF) produce precision of 8.6% and f-measure of 7.2%, respectively. The proposed method was compared to DBSCAN algorithm with UBCF, and had better accuracy of 1% increase in precision value. This result proves that K-Means+ with UBCF can handle implicit feedback datasets and improve precision.
Representations of finite dimensional algebras and related topics in Lie theory and geometry

Instructional Workshop: Semigroup and ring theoretical methods in probability by K. S. Brown Typical examples of tame algebras by T. Bruestle Representation dimension and Solomon zeta function by O. Iyama Filtrations, stratifications and applications by S. Koenig Bruhat-Renner decomposition and Hecke algebras of reductive monoids by M. S. Putcha Representations and blocks of algebraic monoids by L. E. Renner The descent algebra of the symmetric group by M. Schocker Specialized Workshop Commutative Algebra, Algebraic Geometry and Representation Theory: A remark on Letzter-Makar-Limanov invariants by Y. Berest Derived categories of coherent sheaves on rational singular curves by I. Burban Vector bundles and Cohen-Macaulay modules by Y. A. Drozd Specialized Workshop Finite Dimensional Algebras, Algebraic Groups and Lie Theory: Finite dimensional algebras, quantum groups and finite groups of Lie type by J. Du Stratified algebras arising in Lie theory by V. Mazorchuk Character formulas of Kazhdan-Lusztig type by T. Tanisaki Weight theory in the context of arbitrary finite groups by P. Webb Specialized Workshop Quantum Groups and Hall Algebras: Restricted two-parameter quantum groups by G. Benkart and S. Witherspoon On Ringel-Hall algebras by B. Deng and J. Xiao Lusztig's geometric approach to Hall algebras by Z. Lin The use of geometric and quantum group techniques for wild quivers by M. Reineke An introduction to perverse sheaves by K. Rietsch An introduction to canonical bases by Y. Saito Quivers of type $A$, flag varieties and representation theory by O. Schiffmann.
Association between Maternal Selenium Exposure and Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The association between congenital heart defects (CHDs) and selenium (Se) is still unclear. We aimed to systematically review and quantitative analyze the potential relationship between maternal Se exposure and CHDs in the offspring. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched from inception up to August 2021 for relevant studies. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed through Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The Standard mean difference (SMD) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to compare maternal Se levels between CHDs groups and control groups using a random-effects model. Results: Four articles covering five studies were included in the systematic review, and three articles covering four studies were included in the meta-analysis. One study measured Se concentrations in maternal hair and found a positive correlation between high concentrations and increased risk of CHDs in offspring. However, one study on cord blood, and one on whole blood illustrated that Se exposure was associated with decreased risk of CHDs. There was no significant association found between serum Se levels and CHDs in two studies. Pooled results showed decreased Se levels in the circulation of mothers with CHDs offspring (SMD = −108.27, 95% CI: −192.72, −23.82), with statistically significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.8%, P < 0.001) but not in hair, as compared with controls. Conclusion: Low maternal Se status may be associated with increased risk of CHDs in offspring. However, further larger-scale studies with strict and consistent design methods are still required to investigate this issue.
Genetic Polymorphisms of lncRNA LINC00673 as Predictors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression in an Elderly Population

Long noncoding (lnc)RNAs are reported to be key regulators of tumor progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The lncRNA long intergenic noncoding RNA 00673 (LINC00673) was indicated to play an important role in HCC progression, but the impacts of genetic variants (single-nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) of LINC00673 on HCC remain unclear. A TaqMan allelic discrimination assay was performed to analyze the genotypes of three tagging SNPs, viz., rs9914618 G > A, rs6501551 A > G, and rs11655237 C > T, of LINC00673 in 783 HCC patients and 1197 healthy subjects. Associations of functional SNPs of LINC00673 with HCC susceptibility and clinicopathologic variables were analyzed by logistic regression models. After stratification by confounding factor, we observed that elderly patients (≥60 years) with the LINC00673 rs9914618 A allele had an increased risk of developing HCC under a codominant model (p = 0.025) and dominant model (p = 0.047). Moreover, elderly patients carrying the GA + AA genotype of rs9914618 exhibited a higher risk of having lymph node metastasis compared to those who were homozygous for the major allele (p = 0.013). Genotype screening of rs9914618 in HCC cell lines showed that cells carrying the AA genotype expressed higher LINC00673 levels compared to the cells carrying the GG genotype. Further analyses of clinical datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed that LINC00673 expressions were upregulated in HCC tissues compared to normal tissues, and were correlated with advanced clinical stages and poorer prognoses. In conclusions, our results suggested that the LINC00673 rs9914618 polymorphism may be a promising HCC biomarker, especially in elderly populations.
Early-time spectra of supernovae and their precursor winds: the luminous blue variable/yellow hypergiant progenitor of SN 2013cu

We present the first quantitative spectroscopic modeling of an early-time supernova that interacts with its progenitor wind. Using the radiative transfer code CMFGEN, we investigate the recently-reported 15.5 h post-explosion spectrum of the type IIb SN 2013cu. For the first time, we are able to directly measure the chemical abundances of a SN progenitor and find a relatively H-rich wind, with H and He abundances (by mass) of X=0.46 +- 0.2 and Y=0.52 +- 0.2, respectively. The wind is enhanced in N and depleted in C relative to solar values (mass fractions of 8.2e-3 and 1e-5). We obtain that a dense wind/circumstellar medium, with a mass-loss rate of Mdot= 3e-3 Msun/yr and wind velocity vwind=100 km/s, surrounds the star at the pre-SN stage. These values are lower than previous analytical estimates, although we find Mdot/vinf consistent with previous work. We also compute a CMFGEN model to constrain the progenitor spectral type and find that the high Mdot and low vwind imply that the star had an effective temperature of ~8000 K immediately before the SN explosion. Our models suggest that the progenitor was either an unstable luminous blue variable or a yellow hypergiant undergoing an eruptive phase, and rule out a WR star. We classify the post-explosion spectra at 15.5 h as XWN5(h) and advocate for the use of the prefix `X' (eXplosion) to avoid confusion between post-explosion, non-stellar spectra with those of massive stars. We show that the progenitor spectral type is significantly different than the early post-explosion spectral type owing to the huge differences in the ionization structure before and after the SN event. We find the following temporal evolution: LBV/YHG -> XWN5(h) -> SN IIb. Future early-time spectroscopy in the UV will give access to additional spectroscopic diagnostics and further constrain the properties of SN precursors, such as their metallicities.
Virtual Cathode in a Stationary Spherical Inertial Electrostatic Confinement

“Double-well” potential structure (virtual cathode formation) is studied in a stationary spherical inertial electrostatic confinement (SIEC) using the nonlinear Poisson’s equation and particle densities derived from kinetic theory. A novel method to obtain a spherically symmetric stationary distribution function is introduced and an integral-differential equation is simplified by applying a relevant approximated formula for an integral. Electron and ion beams are collision-free, and their velocities are roughly aligned toward the spherical center, but with a slight divergence. Analyses show that the angular momentum of ions and the smaller one of electrons create a virtual cathode, i.e., a double-well structure, of the electrostatic potential on a potential hill near the center. The density limit of an SIEC is exhibited, and the condition relevant to form a deep potential well is presented.
Kinematic Links and the Coevolution of MHD Winds, Jets, and Inner Disks from a High-resolution Optical [ ] Survey

We present a survey of optical [O i] emission at 6300 Å toward 65 T Tauri stars at the spectral resolution of ∼7 km s−1. Past work identified a highly blueshifted velocity component (HVC) tracing microjets and a less blueshifted low-velocity component (LVC) attributed to winds. We focus here on the LVC kinematics to investigate links between winds, jets, accretion, and disk dispersal. We track the behavior of four types of LVC components: a broad and a narrow component (“BC” and “NC,” respectively) in LVCs that are decomposed into two Gaussians which typically have an HVC, and single-Gaussian LVC profiles separated into those that have an HVC (“SCJ”) and those that do not (“SC”). The LVC centroid velocities and line widths correlate with the HVC EW and accretion luminosity, suggesting that LVC/winds and HVC/jets are kinematically linked and connected to accretion. The deprojected HVC velocity correlates with accretion luminosity, showing that faster jets come with higher accretion. BC and NC kinematics correlate, and their blueshifts are maximum at ∼35°, suggesting a conical wind geometry with this semi-opening angle. Only SCs include n13–31 up to ∼3, and their properties correlate with this infrared index, showing that [O i] emission recedes to larger radii as the inner dust is depleted, tracing less dense/hot gas and a decrease in wind velocity. Altogether, these findings support a scenario where optically thick, accreting inner disks launch radially extended MHD disk winds that feed jets, and where inner disk winds recede to larger radii and jets disappear in concert with dust depletion.
Alpine tectono‐metamorphic evolution of the Corsica basement

The Alpine orogenic edifice of Corsica (northern Tyrrhenian Sea) offers the possibility to investigate the mode through which continental crust responds to the propagation of regional shortening at convergent plate margins. The geology of Corsica has been traditionally described as separating domains affected by the Alpine tectonism (Alpine Corsica) from those that did not experience the Alpine tectono‐metamorphic overprint (Hercynian Corsica), but recent studies show that most of Hercynian Corsica was thermally reset in post‐Eocene times, questioning this paradigm. The continental units formed at the expenses of the stretched continental margin of the European plate and consist of Hercynian granitoid basement rocks and cover sequences (Permian volcaniclastics and Mesozoic sedimentary successions). By integrating meso‐ and microstructural investigations with metamorphic thermobarometry and 40Ar–39Ar geochronology along three E–W trending structural transects running across the basement section exposed below the Alpine orogenic wedge, we document middle‐late Eocene (c. 50–33 Ma) westward‐verging syn‐metamorphic (low‐grade blueschist facies) thick‐skinned, basement‐involved thrusting. Significantly, crustal shortening in the continental basement predated of c. 15–10 Ma the subduction zone metamorphism in the oceanic‐derived Schistes Lustrés Complex. When the P–T–t–deformation history as reconstructed from the Corsica basement is integrated with the regional scenario of the Alpine–Apennine orogeny, a tectonic reconstruction is proposed, which frames the Alpine orogeny in Corsica within the Apennine–Maghrebian subduction system in the retroside (retrowedge) of the Apennine orogenic wedge.
Black hole mass of central galaxies and cluster mass correlation in cosmological hydro-dynamical simulations

Context. The correlations between the properties of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) and the mass of its central super-massive black hole (SMBH) have been extensively studied from a theoretical and observational angle. More recently, relations connecting the SMBH mass and global properties of the hosting cluster, such as temperature and mass, were observed. Aims. We investigate the correlation between SMBH mass and cluster mass and temperature, their establishment and evolution. We compare their scatter to that of the classical MBH − MBCG relation. Moreover, we study how gas accretion and BH-BH mergers contribute to SMBH growth across cosmic time. Methods. We employed 135 groups and clusters with a mass range 1.4 × 1013 M⊙ − 2.5 × 1015 M⊙ extracted from a set of 29 zoom-in cosmological hydro-dynamical simulations where the baryonic physics is treated with various sub-grid models, including feedback by active galactic nuclei. Results. In our simulations we find that MBH correlates well with M500 and T500, with the scatter around these relations compatible within 2σ with the scatter around MBH − MBCG at z = 0. The MBH − M500 relation evolves with time, becoming shallower at lower redshift as a direct consequence of hierarchical structure formation. On average, in our simulations the contribution of gas accretion to the total SMBH mass dominates for the majority of the cosmic time (z > 0.4), while in the last 2 Gyr the BH-BH mergers become a larger contributor. During this last process, substructures hosting SMBHs are disrupted in the merger process with the BCG and the unbound stars enrich the diffuse stellar component rather than increase BCG mass. Conclusions. From the results obtained in our simulations with simple sub-grid models we conclude that the scatter around the MBH − T500 relation is comparable to the scatter around the MBH − MBCG relation and that, given the observational difficulties related to the estimation of the BCG mass, clusters temperature and mass can be a useful proxy for the SMBHs mass, especially at high redshift.
An analysis of the turbulence in the central region of M 42 through structure functions

Here, we analyse the character of the turbulence of the Huygens Region in the Orion Nebula (M 42) using structure functions. We compute the second order structure function of a high resolution velocity map in H$\alpha$ obtained through the {\emph MUSE} instrument. Ours is one of the few works that follows a mathematically sound methodology for calculating the second order structure function of astronomical velocity fields. Because of that our results will be useful for future comparisons with other studies of M 42 or other regions. We first analyse the Probability Distribution Function (PDF) and found it consistent with those resulting from numerical simulations of solenoidal turbulence. After a further analysis of the data, we found two possible separate motions or at least regimes in the region. This is confirmed later through the calculation of several filtered structure functions. We found that the turbulence in the Huygens Region is between the Kolmogorov regime ($S_2\propto\delta r^{2/3}$) and the Burgers regime ($S_2\propto\delta r$). We found that the turbulence in the region consists on two flow regimes that reproduce a generalised Larson's Law, $S_2\sim\delta r^{0.74-0.76}$.