Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clusters vs units in Otomanguean: the cases of Tlapanec (Mè’phàà) and Zapotec (Dixsa:)

Desde el trabajo pionero de Trubetzkoy (1939), se han presentado varias propuestas para distinguir las secuencias y las unidades consonánticas en las lenguas individuales. En este artículo, exploraré los casos del tlapaneco (mè’phàà) de Malinaltepec y el zapoteco (dixsa:) de Teotitlán del Valle, dos lenguas otomangues. Examinaré los criterios generales y particulares de cada lengua para distinguir secuencias y unidades en estas lenguas. Mostraré que en ambos casos los criterios no siempre coinciden: ciertas secuencias resultan ser secuencias según algunos criterios pero como unidades según otros. Basándome en estas observaciones e inspirado en la Tipología Canónica (Brown et al. 2012), argumentaré que la distinción entre las secuencias y unidades no es dicotómica, sino multidimensional: los casos individuales pueden considerarse simultáneamente secuencias en algunos aspectos, pero unidades en otros, entonces la tipología de los comportamientos es más rica que la oposición binaria simple.
Injury rates and patterns in professional American rugby: a prospective observational study

Background: As American rugby becomes increasingly popular, an understanding of injury rates and patterns is essential for injury prevention, management, and player safety initiatives. We evaluated the injury characteristics and associated time loss sustained at the professional rugby level in the United States over one season. Methods: One professional rugby team was followed, and all injury data were prospectively collected over 13 consecutive weeks, with eight games during this period. Player involvement in games and practices was recorded by a licensed medical professional. For each described injury event, the timing, body area injured, and time lost from the sport caused by the injury were recorded. The Mid-P exact test was utilized to calculate injury rates with 95% confidence intervals as well as an injury rate ratio (IRR) to quantify differences in injury rates. Results: A total of 49 injuries over 2,456 athletic exposures (AEs) were included in our 13-week study period of one professional rugby season, with an overall injury rate of 19.95/1000 AEs. IRR between games versus practice was 5.21. Overall, 43% of the injuries occurred in the lower extremities and 18% in upper extremities, and there was a 12% incidence of concussion. Average time lost from sport was increased for game-related injuries (8.2 days) and concussion (7.8 days); however, severe injuries occurred more often in the lower extremity (n=4). Conclusions: The overall injury rates in this study correspond with previous amateur and international rugby literature showing a trend toward increased injury risk during gameplay at a professional level. Level of Evidence: Level IV.
‘Request Denied’: Some Elements of a Sociology of Translation and Treason for Border and Migration Studies

ABSTRACT Digital information and identification technologies offer state authorities new means for rendering individual subjects and entire population legible. Based on fieldwork at a migrant reception centre in Berlin, this article investigates how migrants hitherto unknown to authorities are translated into re-identifiable, governable subjects with the help of various digital devices. Conceptually, the article complements a sociology of translation with a vocabulary of treason to better account for coercion, force and violence as well as instances of resistance, friction and break-down in the assembling of related socio-technical networks. It shows that such an ANT-inspired framework, while facilitating a radically situated analysis, allows for exposing larger strategies of power. Through a detailed analysis of migrant registration procedures the paper develops three interrelated arguments on the digitisation of border and migration management: First, processes of digitisation are not reducible to the securitisation of migration. They are interrelated with the logistification of migration management which revolves around a logic of efficiency. The link between the digitisation and the logistification of migration management resides, secondly, in authorities’ attempts to establish migrants’ traceability. This is accomplished through the production of biometric identifiers and the allocation of personal identification numbers (PINs) which function as spokespersons for migrants. The fact that migrants often have to contest accounts shared by these informants in future encounters with authorities highlights, thirdly, that the production of legibility by digital means involves significant degrees of ontological violence.
Influence of different light-curing units on monomer elution from bulk fill composites

Abstract Objectives: This in vitro study assessed the effect of different light-curing units on the elution of monomers from bulk fill composites with different thicknesses. Methods: Five bulk fill composites (Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable, SonicFill 2, SDR, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill, and Venus Bulk Fill) and one conventional composite (Filtek Z250) were selected for the study. The cylindrical specimens in thickness of 2 mm or 4 mm were prepared and photopolymerized for 20 s with a light-emitting diode (VALO Cordless) or a halogen (Monitex BlueLuxer) light-curing unit. The specimens in glass vials were covered with a 75% ethanol/water solution. Ethanol/water extraction solutions were collected for high-performance liquid chromatography analysis after 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days. The data were analyzed with repeated measures and three-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). Results: The total monomer amount was significantly influenced by light-curing source used and thickness. The highest levels of Bis-GMA and Bis-EMA were eluted from Tetric N-Ceram BulkFill and Venus Bulk Fill, respectively. SonicFill 2 released the highest level of TEGDMA at 4-mm thickness. The highest levels of UDMA release, from 4-mm-thick Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable, were attained using the halogen unit. Conclusions: Light-curing sources affected the number of monomers released by materials. The amount of eluted monomers declined over time. The increased ratio of released monomers to increased thickness is material dependent. The number of residual monomers is highly associated with the resin ratio and crosslinking network of the composites.
Thirty years of the Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies: a bibliometric analysis

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a retrospective on the Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies (JDQS) on its 30th anniversary based on a bibliometric analysis.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the performance analysis to analyze patterns in JDQS's publications, citations and citation indices over the years. To investigate the relationship among keywords and authors, the authors of this paper employ science mapping by analyzing keyword-level networks and author-level networks using the KCI- Korean Journal Database of WOS. The authors use VOSviewer for bibliographic analysis and cluster analysis at the keyword and author levels. To study the effect of JDQS articles' attributes on citations of the articles, the authors conduct a regression analysis with KCI data. The authors regress the citations for each article on the article's attributes.FindingsJDQS's yearly publications, citations, impact factors and centrality indices grew in the early 2010s before diminishing in 2020. Keyword network analysis reveals that JDQS's main keywords include behavioral finance, implied volatility, information asymmetry, price discovery, KOSPI200 futures, volatility and KOSPI200 options. Citations of JDQS articles are mainly driven by article age, demeaned age squared, conference, nonacademic authors and language. Based on the number of views and downloads of JDQS articles, the authors find that recent changes in publisher and editorial and publishing policies have increased the journal's visibility.Originality/valueThis study quantitatively analyzed the bibliographic information of papers published in JDQS, a representative Korean academic journal in the finance area. This confirms the academic contribution of JDQS over the past 30 years and provides implications for future strategies of the journal. It shows the patterns in JDQS's publications, citations and citation indices and identifies the main authors and most cited papers. However, there is no such bibliometric analysis on Korean financial journals; thus, this study can contribute to the literature in this point.
Naturally occurring nanoparticles in two biological wastewater treatment plants in Southern California

Naturally occurring nanoparticles (NONPs) in wastewater are generally considered colloids, but their production and size distribution are not well understood. NONPs are more abundant than engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in wastewater, where they may cause membrane fouling, harbour pathogens, and transport contaminants to the environment. In this study we aimed to understand the seasonal behaviour as well as the quantity and size of suspended particles (both unfiltered and filtered through a 450 nm filter) along two water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs, formerly wastewater treatment plants) located in Southern California. We also investigated the factors that correlate with their occurrence. We found that both of the biological secondary treatments investigated, conventional activated sludge process (ASP) and trickling filter (TF), were more efficient in removing suspended particles larger than 450 nm than they were smaller ones. The results show that current treatment processes are not designed to remove nano-sized particles efficiently. Additionally, there was a significant and direct correlation between influent dissolved chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the abundance of suspended particles both larger and smaller than 450 nm, suggesting that the suspended particles increased with dissolved COD in the WRRFs and thus were biogenically generated during the wastewater treatment.
Mora-timed, stress-timed, and syllable-timed rhythm classes: Clues in English speech production by bilingual speakers

A growing body of literature suggests that the world's languages can be classified into three rhythm classes: mora-timed languages, stress-timed languages, and syllable-timed languages. However, scholars cannot agree on which rhythmic measures discriminate rhythm classes most satisfactorily and whether the speech rate factor should be considered. In this study, we analyze speech production by bilingual speakers, and compare their production with that of monolingual speakers and ESL speakers. Our rhythmic metric measure results show that when speech rate is taken into consideration, a combination of the two metric measures for vowels, Varco∆V and vocalic nPVI, is most reliable in discriminating different rhythm classes, while consonants do not seem effective, whether the speech rate factor is included or not.
Development of a Short Scale to Measure Sustainable Product Involvement

This study develops a short, general scale to measure sustainable product involvement. This is done in a Costa Rican context, via a relatively large sample, demographically similar to the national population. The study also evaluates the viability of the C-OAR-SE scaling technique for this purpose. A five-item instrument is developed, its reliability and validity psychometrically confirmed. The scale addresses the levels and types of involvement that consumers might have. It suits not only academic researchers, but also practitioners in different areas. We conclude that C-OAR-SE is a viable technique. It complements traditional psychometric methods well so as to be considered by researchers in the different fields of business.
An object-based fuzzy prior knowledge sparse coding algorithm for image fusion

Image fusion methods are designed to combine multiple input images with complementary information from a scene that can increase the interpretation capabilities of the objects. The spatial or spectral quality of a fusion method highly depends on the employed fusion method and prior information exploited from input data. Spectral distortion and spatial artifacts are common drawbacks in many image fusion methods. In this study, we propose a model-based image fusion approach using sparse representation (SR) with fuzzy prior knowledge, which incorporates three constraints as prior information for better modeling of the spatial and spectral characteristics of the fusion results. These prior constraints include sparsity of coefficients, patch-wise spectral similarity, and improvement of edge details extracted from a precise unsupervised classification based on a fuzzy inference system (FIS). Edge pixels are vulnerable to spectral distortions due to the spectral mixture of neighboring pixels. Therefore, an objects-based fuzzy classification was used to separate edge pixels from background information and smooth fusion results over edge pixels to prevent spectral distortion. Moreover, in the optimization step of sparse coding, the spectral basis was estimated along with sparse coefficients in an iterative procedure. Results from the proposed fusion approach over real satellite data revealed the promising performance of the proposed SR approach based on its quantitative and qualitative results. Objective and subjective enhancement of the proposed approach compared to other well-known fusion methods included pixel-wise detail preservation and object-based spectral injection to the fused image.
Direct Dental Pulp Tissue Grafting – a Novel Approach to Regenerative Endodontics

Author(s): Liang, Zhangrui | Advisor(s): Kang, Mo K | Abstract: The translation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) transplantation into clinic practice is hindered by the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) approval for in vitro autologous DPSC expansion. In order to circumvent the laboratory procedure, we proposed an unprecedented approach for regenerative endodontics – direct dental pulp tissue grafting. This study has demonstrated that cells directly migrating out from dental pulp tissue explantation (DPTE), functioning as the putative cell source in our approach for tissue regeneration, exhibits stem cell properties such as elongated lifespan as well as multi-potent differentiation in vitro as equivalent to DPSC. Additionally, our data from ex vivo tissue engineering with either porous biodegradable scaffold (poly-L-Lactic acid) or injectable self-assembly scaffold (PuraMatrix Hydrogel) suggests that dental pulp tissue fragments are survivable and proliferative in three-dimensional culture, generating stem cell population with odontogenic differentiation potential as well as mineralization capacity. Consequently, this preliminary investigation has established the fundamental rationale for the utilization of direct pulp tissue grafting in pulp-dentin complex engineering, charting out a blueprint for subsequent studies of a brand-new technique for regenerative endodontics.
CELIAC DISEASE

Objectives: Probiotics are alive organisms which confer health benefit whentaken at an appropriate dosage. This study was done to determine the efficacy of probiotics indecreasing the frequency of diarrhea in children with celiac disease. Study Design: Randomizedcontrolled trial. Setting: Department of Pediatrics/DHQ Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period:November 2011 to October 2012. Methods: Newly diagnosed patients with CD having diarrheawere included by consecutive non-probability sampling. Patients were randomized in twogroups using computer generated numbers. One group was given probiotic along with glutenfree diet while other was only prescribed gluten free diet. Reduction in frequency of diarrhea intwo groups was compared after a period of 28 days. Results: A total of 116 cases (58 in eachgroup) were enrolled. Mean age was 9.11 years. The groups were similar in age and gender ofpatients. Comparison of efficacy of probiotics in children with CD was done with control groupwhich revealed reduction in stools frequency to less than half in 86.21% (n=50) in probioticgroup but only 62.07% (n=36) in control group. P-value was 0.00015 which shows a highlysignificant difference in both groups. Conclusion: Probiotics in addition to gluten free diet arehighly effective in reducing the frequency of diarrhea in newly diagnosed patients with CD, incomparison with gluten free diet alone.
Approximated Assignment Algorithms for Unordered and Ordered Tasks in Data Shared MEC Systems

The appearance of Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) successfully solves the bottlenecks of traditional Cloud based networks. Since mobile edges, e.g., base stations, and mobile devices have certain data processing capabilities, it is not necessary to offload all the tasks to the cloud for handling. Therefore, it is quite important to decide the optimal task assignment in MEC systems, and a series of algorithms have been proposed. However, the existing algorithms ignored the data distribution during task assignment, so that their applied ranges are quite limit. Considering the data sharing is quite important in a MEC system, this paper studies task assignment algorithms in Data Shared Mobile Edge Computing Systems in detail. Specifically, three algorithms are proposed to deal with the unordered and ordered holistic tasks respectively. Meanwhile, the situation that the tasks are divisible is also considered, and two algorithms for rearranging the divisible tasks are proposed for different optimization goals. The hardness of the problem, the correctness, complexities, and ratio bounds of the proposed algorithms are analyzed theoretically. Finally, extensive experimental results are carried out. Both theoretical analysis and experiment results show that all the proposed algorithms have high performance in terms of latency, satisfied rate, and energy consumption.
Gang Membership and Gang Crime in New Zealand: A National Study Identifying Spatial Risk Factors

In this exploratory study, we identify the spatial risk factors associated with gang membership and gang crime in New Zealand using social disorganization as a theoretical framework. Gang membership data from the Gang Intelligence Center and gang crime data from New Zealand Police are included in spatial regression models to identify risk factors. Overall marginal support was found for the use of social disorganization constructs to explain gang membership and gang crime in New Zealand. Higher deprivation and higher diversity were both found to be associated with gang membership and gang crime, respectively. Some similarities and notable differences were observed between our results and the mainly U.S.-centric results of past spatial gang research. This study allows for a greater understanding of the generalizability of the social disorganization theory to explain gang membership and gang crime in areas with markedly different cultural perspectives and ethnocentricities to the United States.
Facial Expression Recognition Using Multi-deep Convolutional Neural Network Encoders with Support Vector Machines

 Abstract —Although there have been many breakthroughs in the use of convolutional neural networks (CNN) for image classification, facial expression recognition (FER) in real-life is still a challenge in this research area. This paper proposes a method to leverage state-of-the-art multi-deep CNN encoders with support vector machines (SVM) to classify facial expression. We conducted experiments to show that combining features from multi-deep CNN is better than using a single deep CNN model. As well as combining multiple CNN models, we show that using rules to remove noise images from the training dataset improves the performance of the FER system. The FER2013 dataset was used to evaluate the proposed approach, which achieved 73.78% accuracy.
Task-Sequencing Meta Learning for Intelligent Few-Shot Fault Diagnosis With Limited Data

Recently, deep learning-based intelligent fault diagnosis methods have been developed rapidly, which rely on massive data to train the diagnosis model. However, it is usually difficult to collect sufficient failure data in practical industrial production, thus limits the application of intelligent diagnosis methods. To address the few-shot fault diagnosis problem, a task-sequencing meta-learning method is proposed in this article. First, the meta-learning model is trained over a series of learning tasks to obtain knowledge about how to diagnosis. Thus, the learned knowledge can help adapt and generalize with a few examples when dealing with new tasks that have never been encountered. Then, considering the difference and connection between different failures and diagnosis tasks, a task-sequencing algorithm is proposed to sort meta training tasks from easy to difficult, which followed the way human acquire knowledge. After evaluating the difficulty of each task, the proposed method learns simple tasks first and generalizes the learned knowledge to complex tasks. Better knowledge adaptability is obtained by gradually increasing the task difficulty. Finally, utilizing gradient-based meta learning, the initialization parameters are trained by a small number of gradient steps. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by a practice rolling bearing dataset and a power system dataset. The experiment results illustrate that the proposed method can identify new categories with only several samples. In addition, it also shows advantages in fault diagnosis when the categories are fine-grained according to the working conditions. Therefore, the proposed method is suitable for solving the few-shot problem in practice and complicated fault diagnosis.
Ketogenic dietary interventions in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease—a retrospective case series study: first insights into feasibility, safety and effects

Abstract Background Our laboratory published the first evidence that nutritional ketosis, induced by a ketogenic diet (KD) or time-restricted diet (TRD), ameliorates disease progression in polycystic kidney disease (PKD) animal models. We reasoned that, due to their frequent use for numerous health benefits, some autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) patients may already have had experience with ketogenic dietary interventions (KDIs). This retrospective case series study is designed to collect the first real-life observations of ADPKD patients about safety, feasibility and possible benefits of KDIs in ADPKD as part of a translational project pipeline. Methods Patients with ADPKD who had already used KDIs were recruited to retrospectively collect observational and medical data about beneficial or adverse effects and the feasibility and safety of KDIs in questionnaire-based interviews. Results A total of 131 ADPKD patients took part in this study. About 74 executed a KD and 52 a TRD for 6 months on average. A total of 86% of participants reported that KDIs had improved their overall health, 67% described improvements in ADPKD-associated health issues, 90% observed significant weight loss, 64% of participants with hypertension reported improvements in blood pressure, 66% noticed adverse effects that are frequently observed with KDIs, 22 participants reported safety concerns like hyperlipidemia, 45 participants reported slight improvements in estimated glomerular filtration rate and 92% experienced KDIs as feasible while 53% reported breaks during their diet. Conclusions Our preliminary data indicate that KDIs may be safe, feasible and potentially beneficial for ADPKD patients, highlighting that prospective clinical trials are warranted to confirm these results in a controlled setting and elucidate the impact of KDIs specifically on kidney function and cyst progression.