Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A particle-image velocimetry study on the near-field behaviour of tandem twin jets in cross-flow

The present paper studies the near-field flow structures and dynamics for the jet-in-cross-flow phenomenon involving two circular jets aligned in tandem configuration. To investigate the effects of jet-to-cross-flow velocity-ratio and jet-to-jet separation distance on the vortical behaviours of the twin jets and to compare them with that of the single jet reference case, a series of particle-image velocimetry experiments were conducted for velocity-ratios ranging from 1 to 8 and separation distances of 2 and 3 jet diameters. Based on the current velocity-ratios, the jet Reynolds numbers ranges from 550 to 4500. The results provide evidence to support the notion that the downstream jet is being shielded from cross-flow momentum by the upstream jet, thus allowing the former to penetrate into the latter at some distance further downstream. For a low velocity-ratio of 1, the penetration of downstream jet into the upstream one provides upward momentum for the combined jet to be lifted away from the cross-flow boundary layer. While the lee-side vortex formation appears to be undisturbed for the downstream jet, mutual interactions between the twin jets produce additional vortex-pairing upon penetration. For higher velocity-ratios of 2 and beyond, the downstream jet interacts with its upstream counterpart to exert destabilizing effects on the overall coherence level and formation of leading-edge and lee-side vortices. Lastly, a trajectory comparison is performed on single and tandem twin jets with separation distance of 3 jet diameters. While the upstream jet in the tandem twin shows fairly similar penetration behaviour to that of the single jet, the downstream jet incurs less deflection in the near-field. As the two tandem jets appear to merge as one eventually, their combined elevation from the jet-exit surface becomes notably higher than their single counterpart.
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis: Knowledge and Practice Among General Dental Practitioners in Hamadan, Iran

Background: Proper and timely post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after needle stick exposure to high-risk body fluids significantly reduces occupational transmission. Objectives: This study was conducted with the aim of demonstrating the level of knowledge and practice amongst general dental practitioners in Hamadan city, Iran in 2013 - 14, in terms of prevention after dealing with blood-borne pathogens. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all general dental practitioners in Hamadan provided information on their preventative approach after dealing with blood-borne pathogens, via a pretested self-administered questionnaire in three parts. The first part consisted of demographic features, the second part (15 questions) demonstrated knowledge level, and the last part (5 questions) measured dentists’ practice in terms of prevention after dealing with blood-borne pathogens. Data from the 82 questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS 16 software, Mann-Whitney, and chi-square test (α = 0.05). Results: The mean score of knowledge was 7.9 ± 2.522 (from a possible total score of 15). The lowest and highest scores were 2 and 14. 60.7% of the dentists had trained their staff; 58.8% of them accepted infected patients, and 65.9% had attended a PEP workshop. It was found that, of the demographic features, only gender had a significant correlation with level of knowledge (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: This study revealed a low level of knowledge and practice regarding post-exposure prophylaxis, with the mean score of some respondents being below 50%.
Can we use waist circumference in the first trimester to screen for gestational diabetes

Maternal obesity is known to be associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and ad-verse perinatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether waist circumference meas-urement is an alternative screen - ing test for gestational diabetes. This is a prospective cohort study at a single clinic at Ondokuz Mayis University Hospital in Samsun, Turkey, between Jan - uary 2011 and September 2012. All subjects with a singleton pregnancy were eligible for the study at 11–14 weeks’ gestation. After statistical evaluation of the data we have found out that wider waist circumference measurements in the first trimester leads to an impaired 50 g oral glucose tolerance test in the second trimester. In the end waist circumference measurement is a cheap screening tool to foresee a high-risk population under threat of gestational diabetes.
Greasing the Wheels of Entrepreneurship? Impact of Regulations and Corruption on Firm Entry

The paper investigates whether the impact of regulations on entrepreneurship depends on corruption. We first test whether regulations robustly deter firm entry into the markets. Our results show that some regulations are indeed important determinants of entrepreneurial activity. Specifically, more procedures required to start a business and larger minimum capital requirements are detrimental to entrepreneurship. Second, we test whether corruption reduces the negative impact of regulations on entrepreneurship in highly regulated economies. Our empirical analysis for a maximum of 43 countries over the period 2003-2005 shows that corruption is beneficial in highly regulated economies. At the maximum level of regulation among our sample of countries, corruption significantly increases entrepreneurial activity. Our results thus provide support for the ‘grease the wheels’ hypothesis.
Determination of undergraduate students' alienation levels: the case of Anadolu University Tourism Faculty.

Alienation may occur towards a person himself, society, workplace or the living environment. The alienation of the individual is an issue that increasingly causes the alienation of the society. Education constitutes one of the dimensions of the alienation. It is crucial both for the literature and executers to determine the alienation levels of students, to investigate the causes of alienation and enhance possible solutions. In this context, a research was conducted during the fall semester of 2017-2018 academic year in order to determine the alienation levels of students studying in different departments of Anadolu University Tourism Faculty. In this study, a quantitative approach was performed, and a descriptive research model was used. Student Alienation Scale was used as a data collection tool and it was investigated whether students’ alienation levels differed according to variables such as gender, department, class and income level. In conclusion, it was found that students experience moderate alienation in all subdimension of alienation, namely powerlessness, irregularity, isolation and meaninglessness. Results of this study may help Anadolu University Tourism Faculty management to take precautions to prevent further alienations of students.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Africa–A Review

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by the JC virus, results in a lytic infection of mainly oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system in immunosuppressed patients. With the advent of the HIV pandemic, the incidence of PML has risen sharply, but very few cases from Africa have been reported, even though this continent carries a very high burden of HIV infection. Explanations for the paucity of reports of PML from Africa include non-recognition of the condition, diagnostic challenges, death due to other infections, as well as suggestions of decreased neurovirulence of African JC virus types, and interactions between these types and different HIV clades. In this report we focus on reports of cases with PML from Africa, suggesting that with the availability of more sensitive assays and greater awareness, the diagnosis of PML may be more readily made in the future.
A Dynamic Panel Approach Using Regional Data

Macroeconometric Evaluation of Active Labour Market Policies in Germany – A Dynamic Panel Approach Using Regional Data Most evaluation studies of active labour market policies (ALMP) focus on the microeconometric evaluation approach using individual data. However, as the microeconometric approach usually ignores impacts on the non-participants, it should be seen as a first step to a complete evaluation which has to be followed by an analysis on the macroeconomic level. As a starting point for our analysis we discuss the effects of ALMP in a theoretical labour market framework augmented by ALMP. We estimate the impacts of ALMP in Germany for the time period 1999-2001 with regional data of 175 labour office districts. Due to the high persistence of German labour market data the application of a dynamic model is crucial. Furthermore our analysis accounts especially for the inherent simultaneity problem of ALMP. For West Germany we find positive effects of vocational training and job creation schemes on the labour market situation, whereas the results for East Germany do not allow profound statements. JEL Classification: C33, E24, H43, J64, J68
Sewer Life Span Prediction: Comparison of Methods and Assessment of the Sample Impact on the Results

Survival models can support the estimation of the resources needed for future renovations of sewer systems. They are particularly useful, when a large share of network will need renovation. This paper studies modelling sewer deterioration in a context, where data are available for pipes selected for inspections due to suspected or experienced poor condition. We compare the random survival forest and the Weibull regression for modelling survival and find that both methods yield similar results, but the random survival forest performs slightly better. We propose a method for estimating the range in which the actual network survival curve lies. We conclude that in order to reach reliable results, a life span model needs to be constructed based on a random sample of pipes, which are then consecutively inspected and in addition, censoring and left truncation need to be accounted for. The inspection data applied in this paper had been collected with the aim of finding pipes in poor condition in the network. As a result, the data were biased towards poor condition and unrepresentative in terms of pipe ages.
Arabic Text Light Stemmer

Stemming defines as transferring the modified words to their origin instead of their current status. In respect of languages that are extremely modified such as Arabic, stemming plays an important role in enhancing the restored performance through decreasing the words alternatives. The present paper aims at clarifying the efficiency of light stemmer in restoring the Arabic data. Estimating the light stemmer is implemented by employing TFIDF since it considers as a prominent weighting scheme in line with Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) Arabic Newswire data collection is compared to the primary system without stemming. The suggested light stemmer has to be applied in order to obtain the utmost performance.
Chemical composition and in situ ruminal disappearance of sorghum silages grown in the mexican humid tropic Composición química y degradabilidad ruminal in situ de ensilados de sorgo cultivados en el trópico húmedo mexicano

The purpose was to evaluate the chemical composition and in situ ruminal dry matter disappearance of four types of grain sorghum silages, one brown midrib sorghum (bmr) and, a corn silage, grown under rainfed conditions in a humid tropical region of Mexico. The crops were established at three sites. At harvest, three minisilos per treatment were filled with forage previously chopped. Minisilos opened at 55 days and samples of silage taken to dry and ground to 1 mm to determine the chemical composition and in situ ruminal dry matter disappearance. The crude protein was higher (p<0.05) in sorghum silages than corn silage. In sorghum silages, bmr sorghum had the lowest (p<0.05) cell wall content, and was equal (p>0.05) in ADF and ADL to corn silage. The degradation parameters (a, b, c ) was higher (p<0.05) in bmr sorghum silage than grain sorghum silages. The effective degradability was equal (p>0.05) in bmr sorghum and corn silages. In the humid tropics, bmr sorghum silages are a good alternative to corn silage, especially in the dry season.
Relationships between Tumor Markers Level and the Clinical Pathological Characteristics and Survival Time in 514 Patients with Lung Cancer

Objective To study the relationship between tumor markers levels and clinical pathological characteristics and survival time in patients with lung cancer.Methods A total of 514 patients with lung cancer were diagnosed by pathology and accepted antineoplaston in General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Commands during January 2006 and July 2012,according to seven tumor markers levels of the carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),sugar chain antigen(CA) 125,CA72-4,CA242,neuron-specific enolase(NSE),cytokeratin 19 fragment(CYFRA21-1) antigen and squamous cell carcinoma antigen(SCC),patients were divided into the normal tumor markers group and the elevated tumor marker group.The differences of patients′ clinical pathological characteristics and survival time in the two groups were analyzed.Results There were no significant differences in age,gender,family history,smoking history,pathological types between the two groups(P 0.05),but the difference in clinical stage was statistically significant(P0.01). Meta-survival and clinical stage Ⅲ median survival period in the elevated tumor markers group were all significantly lower than those in the normal tumor markers group(P0.01). Conclusion Patients in the elevated tumor marker group have later clinical stage and shorter survival;tumor markers can be used as clinical assessment for patients with lung cancer,especially for patients in stage Ⅲ,it is an important indicator for prognosis.
Effect of Graded Supplementation Levels of Golden Chain Tree (Cassia Fistula L.) Leaves on Feed Intake, Nutrients Digestibility and Plasma Lipids Profile in Growing Rabbits

Bu arastirma, rasyonlarina farkli duzeylerde (%0, 10, 20 ve 30) altin zincir agaci=Indian laburnum yapraklari ilave edilen buyume donemindeki tavsanlarda yem tuketimi, besin maddeleri sindirilebilirligi ve plazma lipidleri uzerindeki etkiilerinin belirlenmesi amaciyla gerceklestirilmistir. Bu amacla denemede, canli agirligi 1060-1185 g olan 35 ± 5 gunluk sutten kesilmis toplam 16 adet Mini Rex cinsi erkek tavsan herbirinde 4 adet olmak uzere dort gruba ayrilmistir. Cassia fistul yapraklari rasyonlara %0 (K), %10 (N), %20 (O) ve %30 (P) duzeylerinde on gun boyunca ilave edilmistir. Elde edilen sonuclara gore, N ve O gruplarinin kuru madde sindirilebilirligi Kontro (K) ve P grubuna gore anlamli derecede farkli iken (P<0.05), K ve P grubu degerleri arasinda fark bulunmamistir. Plazma lipit profili ile ilgili olarak, dusuk yogunluklu lipoprotein (LDL) ve trigliserit (TG) degerleri, tum deneme gruplarinda kontrol grubuna (C) kiyasla onemli olcude azalirken (P <0.05), yuksek yogunluklu lipoprotein (HDL) tum deneme gruplarinda C grubuna gore anlamli derecede (P <0.05) yuksek bulunmustur. Diger deneme gruplari ve kontrol grubuna kiyasla grup O'da daha iyi yemden yararlanma orani (YYO) tesbit edilmistir. Buyume donemindeki tavsan rasyonlarina, %20 oranina kadar altin zincir agaci yapraklari ilavesinin yem tuketimi, besin maddesi sindirilebilirligi ve plazma lipid profilini olumlu yonde etkiledigi sonucuna varilmistir. Cassia fistul yapraklari, %20 dozaj seviyesinde onerilebilir, cunku bu duzey, rasyonlarin besin maddesi degerlerini, sindirilebilirlik katsayilarini ve tavsanlarda plazma lipid profilini gelistirdigi soylenebilir.
How to criticize? On Honneth’s method

ABSTRACT This article investigates the meaning and role of social critique in the social sciences. This form of theorizing has always been a significant part of the social sciences. Due to the scientific ideal of value neutrality, however, the manner in which social criticism is conducted is seldom discussed. I claim that the value-neutrality ideal rests on a conception of normative subjectivism that can be challenged by turning to some notion of practical reason. However, there is no need to turn to any strong notion of reason; instead, I use the term ‘normative reasoning’. The main question posed in the article then becomes: What is it that we do when we reason in a normative manner in the social sciences? The first part of the article addresses Axel Honneth’s ‘Grand Social Theory of Modernity’ in Freedom’s Right. His procedure in the book is treated as a significant case of normative reasoning. I investigate his method of ‘reconstruction’ by comparing it primarily to the methods of ‘construction’ and ‘genealogy’. The second part of the article is a critical discussion of Honneth’s method of normative reasoning. My main criticism is that, despite his intentions, his procedure is overly constructivist in the sense that it prevents a disclosure of ongoing transformations of ethical life. In the conclusion, I argue for a pluralistic methodology; different ways of normative reasoning should be used to solve different kinds of normative problems.
Screening of Foods of Animal Origin for Coxiella burnetii in India

Received: Revised: Accepted: 2013-08-19 2013-08-27 2013-08-28 The epidemiology of Q–fever with regard to the role of foods of animal origin in transmission of Coxiella burnetii and their risk assessment remains largely unknown in most parts of the world including India. In the present study, a total of 591 food samples of different animal origin including milk (518), meat (60) and shell eggs (13) were screened for the presence of the pathogen by trans–PCR assay targeting transposon like element IS1111 of C. burnetii. The analysis revealed an overall positivity in 4.06% (24/591) food samples, all of which were of milk. The milk samples showed an overall positivity of 4.63% (24/518), with the detection of C. burnetii in 5.55% (23/414) bovine and 1.42% (1/70) ovine milk samples. However, all the samples of camel milk (n = 34), meat (n = 60) and shell eggs (n = 13) turned out to be negative for the pathogen. The detection of C. burnetii in the bovine and ovine milk indicates a potential health risk for domestic livestock as well as human beings, especially those who consume raw or unpasteurized milk. The study of screening foods of animal origin for occurrence of C. burnetii in India by highly sensitive and specific molecular diagnostic tools is largely lacking, and in this context, the present study appears to be the first of its kind in the country. It is recommended that milk should be consumed only after pasteurization and, dairy as well as other foods of animal origin should be included in surveillance and monitoring programmes for food–borne pathogens for the risk assessment of C. burnetii infection. All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers
Conflict Management and Turnover Intention: Multi-level Curvilinearity and the Moderating Role of Trust in Leader

This paper examined the U-shape curvilinear relationship between team level conflict management and individual level turnover intention by using exit-voice theory, bandwagon effect, and social loafing theory. In addition to the non-linear relationship between team-level conflict management and individual-level turnover intentions, we also examined how trust in leaders has a moderating effect on this relationship. The samples were collected from a South Korean manufacturing company with 331 team members from 48 teams and items were measured twice to avoid common method biases. The intercepts-as-outcomes model of hierarchical linear modelling was conducted to verify the hypothesis. Results supported the cross-level curvilinear hypothesis which indicated that employees' turnover intention sharply decreased if the activeness of group conflict management was small and increases slightly, but this tendency moderated as activeness increases. After passing the lowest point, their turnover intention increased in the end. However, the moderation effect of trust in leader on this relationship was not statistically significant and hypothesis 2 was rejected. This paper explained the effects of group dynamics of conflict management on individual turnover intention. Such evidence may elucidate the importance of managing the social loafing behavior on conflict management process. This paper examined the sequential, multi-level, and curvilinear relationship between conflict management and turnover intention. Organizations and managers will benefit from avoiding the human resource loss by managing the conflict management process. 요 약 본논문은이탈-목소리내기이론과밴드웨건효과, 사회적태만이론을이용하여팀수준의갈등관리참여와개인수 준의이직의도간의비선형모형을검증하였다. 또한팀수준의갈등관리와개인수준의이직의도간비선형관계에더하여, 리더에대한신뢰가이러한관계에있어어떠한조절효과를갖는지에대해서도살펴보았다. 이러한두가지가설들을검증하 기위하여한국의제조업회사의 48개팀에서 331명의팀원들로부터한달간격으로데이터를수집하였다. 검증결과, 가설 1에서예측한것처럼위계선형모형의분석결과팀수준의갈등관리참여와개인수준의이직의도간의비선형관계가검증되었 다. 그러나 가설 2의 예측과는 달리 이 관계에 대한 상사신뢰의 조절효과는 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타나지 않아 가설이 기각되었다. 이논문은팀내부의상호작용에따라개인의이직의도가변화할수있다는것을보여준다. 이를통해갈등관리 에있어서의팀수준관리의필요성을강조하였고, 논문의마지막에논문의한계를논의함과더불어미래연구에대한제언을 제시하였다.
A Bernstein polynomial model in Bayesian inversion of surface-wave dispersion for earthquake site response in British Columbia, Canada

Knowledge of near-surface properties of the soil column, in particular, the shear-wave velocity (Vs) profile over the upper 10s of meters, is important for characterizing the expected ground response to earthquake shaking at a specific site. Noninvasive and passive methods based on recording ambient seismic noise are increasingly popular for estimating Vs structure with minimal cost and site disruption. This paper applies a fully nonlinear Bayesian inversion methodology, based on parallel tempering, to estimate Vs profiles and uncertainties using surface-wave dispersion data processed from passive seismic array recordings. In the inversion, the Vs profile is parameterized using a Bernstein polynomial basis, which efficiently characterizes general depth-dependent Vs gradients in the soil column. Bernstein polynomials provide a stable parameterization in that small perturbations to the model parameters (basis function coefficients) result in only small perturbations to the Vs profile. Shear-wave velocity profiles and uncertainties are obtained from the velocity-depth marginal posterior probability density. This methodology is applied to passive seismic array recordings collected at several sites in Kitimat, British Columbia, Canada, a region where earthquake site response is of significant interest. The probabilistic Vs profile results ultimately provide probabilistic estimates of site response factors such as peak ground velocity/acceleration and Vs30.