Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Rice Husk Biochar on Carbon Release and Nutrient Availability in Three Cultivation Age of Greenhouse Soils

Greenhouse production can contribute to the accumulation of salt and heavy metals and nutrient imbalance, thus, increasingly degrading greenhouse soils. The potential of rice husk biochar to increase carbon sequestration, neutralize soil pH, increase nutrient retention, and change nutrient/heavy metal sorption/desorption in greenhouse soils is promising. Therefore, we investigated three greenhouse soils (red soil) with 3, 14, and 24 cultivation years (3S, 14S, and 24S) in northern Taiwan to test the effects of rice husk biochar (RHB) on carbon dynamics and nutrient availability. A 100-day incubation study was conducted in which poultry-livestock manure compost (2% by wt.) and six rice-husk-based, slow-pyrolysis biochars pyrolyzed at different temperatures were applied (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 4.0%, 10%, and 20% by wt.) to three red soils. The study results indicated that the RHB pyrolyzed at high temperatures, with relatively high pH and Ca content, could lead to a higher neutralizing effect when applied to the soil. In addition, the high temperatures pyrolyzed RHB had a higher capacity to reduce the concentration of Cu, Pb, and Zn in the three soils, especially for the younger cultivation soil, which contributed to the higher pH and relatively high surface area of these RHB, and the relative lower soil pH of the younger soil. Furthermore, only adding 0.5% RHB could result in an evident change in soil characteristics for 3S and 24S soil, including cumulative C release, pH, EC, TC, and available K increase, but 4% RHB addition was needed for 14S soil. In the condition of co-application with 2% compost (by wt.), 4% RHB addition was necessary for carbon sequestration, at least 10% RHB addition was needed for 3S and 14S soil, but 1.0 to 4.0% would be sufficient for 24S. In conclusion, the RHB and compost co-application in greenhouse soil resulted in improved chemical properties, and the effect of the pyrolysis temperature, application rate, and cultivation age had varying improvements.
Historical Biogeography and Temporal Diversification in Symphoricarpos (Caprifolieae, Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales)

Abstract The major aim of this paper was to investigate temporal diversification within Symphoricarpos (Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacales). We used recently published molecular sequences, along with fossil data, to examine when Symphoricarpos may have arrived in the New World and if current distributional patterns can be explained by data based on biogeographic, climatological, and geological events. We simultaneously estimated the phylogeny and divergence times within Symphoricarpos and related Caprifolieae species using BEAST. Based on these phylogenetic and divergence time estimations we reconstructed ancestral areas using the dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis (DEC) method implemented in Lagrange. For Symphoricarpos, our phylogenetic results inferred using BEAST were in strong agreement with previous studies, with a well-supported clade containing the North American species that was sister to the loneAsian species. Our divergence time results suggest that theNorth American species originated in the late Oligocene to mid Miocene (12–25 million years ago) and quickly diversified. The DEC area reconstructions suggest that after entering the North American continent from Asia, species of Symphoricarpos became widespread across the continent, followed by range restrictions to that of whatwe see today.Although several recent studies have argued for the idea of phylogenetic niche conservatism as a general explanation for characterizing broad biogeographic patterns, our data suggest significant niche evolution within the North American species of Symphoricarpos, especially in regard to taxa found in the southwestern parts of the USA andMexico. These observed biome shifts from mesic forest habitats to a much drier habitat appear to have happened across a highly diverse landscape in which species of Symphoricarpos occur. These results, along with results from other plant taxa, support the hypothesis that a climate shift in western North America played a role in the assemblage of the current flora via migration, as well as in situ adaptation in combination with diversification.
INTERPERSONAL COMPETENCE AND LIFE SATISFACTION AS THE PREDICTOR OF RUMINATION ABOUT AN INTERPERSONAL OFFENSE

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationships between rumination about an interpersonal offense, interpersonal competence and life satisfaction. The dependent variable of this research is rumination about an interpersonal offense, and its independent variables are interpersonal competence and life satisfaction. The study was conducted on a total of 434 (340 females, 78.3%, and 94 males, 21.7%) individuals, whose ages range between 21 and 59 ( = 30.61). Participants completed the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire, the Rumination About an Interpersonal Offense Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale in accordance with the volunteering principles. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis techniques. According to the results of the t-test, women’s average points of rumination about an interpersonal offense is significantly higher than that of men. As a result of the correlation analysis, significant negative relationships were found between the scores of the rumination about an interpersonal offense, interpersonal competence and life satisfaction. Regarding the regression analysis result, independent variables significantly predict the rumination about interpersonal offense scale. Article visualizations:
Neighborhood Care and Neighborhood Bonds: An Unequal Relationship

Research in environmental psychology has found a positive relationship between place bonds and behaviors related to care and maintenance of place. Although this relationship has been analyzed in natural environments, it has been less frequently studied in urban environments and has yielded contradictory results. The aim of this study is to analyze behavior related to care and conservation of neighborhood and its possible relationship to place bonds, as well as to other variables that we think may be important in explaining this behavior. The participants were 407 residents from eight different neighborhoods with different sociodemographic characteristics in one Spanish city. The results indicate that the relationship between attachment and behavior is significant only in residents with higher socioeconomic levels. These findings may help to explain the contradictory results found in the literature. Other variables which are significant in explaining neighborhood care are social norms, residential satisfaction, and support for protection policies. Place identity was not found to be significantly correlated with neighborhood care.
Transmission Strategy for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer with a Non-Linear Rectifier Model

Most studies determining data rate or power conversion efficiency (PCE) of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) focus on ideal models for the non-linear energy harvester, or focus on simplified waveforms that carry no information. In this paper, we study SWIPT using realistic waveforms and a measurement-based energy harvesting model. For a special class of multisine waveforms carrying only information in the phase, we analyze PCE as a function of waveform design, including the impact of pre-equalization to mitigate wireless channel distortion. A balanced pre-equalizer that trades off between the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and signal to noise ratio, maximizing the total PCE is proposed. The impact on the information rate of the analyzed waveforms is also presented. The results show that balanced pre-equalizers can improve the total PCE more than three times within 5% rate loss compared to the pre-equalizer that solely maximizes the signal PAPR or the capacity using the same transmit power. We also show that the maximum normalized PCE is increased by a factor of two by only allowing phase modulation to ensure the PAPR of one symbol, compared to traditional modulation schemes that carry information in both phase and amplitude to maximize spectral efficiency.
College students with ADHD and their reasons for becoming teachers despite negative childhood experiences

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine perspectives on childhood, coping methods and reasons for deciding to major in education among undergraduates with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). While the experiences of children and adolescents with ADHD have been the focus of much research, empirical evidence is lacking regarding the experiences of education students with this disorder. This research seeks to correct this lacuna and in particular to shed light on what motivates students to return to a setting they experienced as so difficult and complex. We used qualitative-phenomenological research methods to examine 30 education students diagnosed with ADHD. Complex childhood experiences emerged during the course of the research. The study participants noted difficulties in remaining attentive, a high level of distractibility, a heightened need to move around and a lack of focus. These symptoms caused them difficulties at school, harmed their self-image and left them with feelings of frustration, failure and jealousy towards their classmates. The participants raised mainly altruistic considerations in explaining why they chose the teaching profession, alongside a negative view of the education system.
The Development of Kato Nan Ampek Picture Storybook Models Through Literacy of Minangkabau Culture to Develop the Character During Early Childhood

This study aims to develop a model of picture books through literacy ampek kato nan Minangkabau culture to develop character early childhood. This story book development through literacy Minangkabau culture to develop the character of children aged 5-6 years. This type of research is the research and development (Research and Development), with model Brog and Gall. The result of the development of kato nan ampek story book contains local cultural values Minangkabau subjects related charge based on the rules of manners/ethics in communication which is known as Kato nan ampek. Judging from the results of this study by the validation test was obtained on average 92.96%. 77.79% teachers' questionnaire responses, the value of characters that appear in 90% of children. Based on the results of the research it can be concluded that the development of models of kato nan ampek storybook characters to develop early childhood is very valid Keywords— picture books, kato nan ampek, character, early childhood
Modelling of adaptive power management circuit with feedback for self-powered IoT

In general, self-powered sensor networks/Internet of Things (IoT) are equipped with a power management system and use a timer as a reference for the device’s actives time, both using an internal timer and an external timer. The system is less efficient because it requires that there are parts that continue to function when the device is in sleep mode. In addition, the amount of harvested energy also influenced by many factors with an uncertain amount. An IoT self-powered system that uses a timer as an active interval reference will encounter problems when the amount of system energy demand is greater than the harvested energy. This paper presents an adaptive power management system equipped with feedback for self-powered IoT for room temperature and humidity monitoring applications. The power management system can provide adaptive active intervals based on the harvested energy capacity. Microcontrollers send feedback to the power management circuit at the end of each cycle. The power management circuit immediately disconnects the controller circuit from the energy storage’s component (supercapacitor) so that energy used efficiently. Several methods of minimizing the energy consumption of the device are also applied to provide optimal results. The research method begins with system modelling, including an energy harvester circuit, power management, and controller. The research scenarios include energy harvester performance tests, calculating the energy requirements of the power management and controller circuit, and validating research results. Overall, the system can work well, the active interval/data transmission of 14.41 seconds to 22.34 seconds in a room with a light intensity of 800 lux to 1000 lux.
GRI-MECH: An optimized detailed chemical reaction mechanism for methane combustion. Topical report, September 1992-August 1995

A quantitative representation of the detailed chemical reaction mechanism of natural gas combustion is required in order to provide design tools for more efficient and less polluting natural-gas combustion devices. In the research described in this report, a reaction model for methane combustion was optimized based upon critical review of the thermochemical and rate coefficient information in the literature, sensitivity analysis using computer modeling methods, and mathematically rigorous parameter optimization employing the response-surface parameterization method. The computational study was supported by appropriate shock-tube and flame profiling experiments. The resulting reaction model, consisting of 177 reactions of 32 species, was validated by extensive comparisons with the literature.
ESTIMATION OF MANNING ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENT FOR BARE AND VEGETATED FURROW IRRIGATION

The manning roughness coefficient n is one of the parameters in designing furrow irrigation. Its appropriate selection is important for efficient water application in field. In this research, the Manning roughness coefficient in ordinary and every other furrow irrigations with different inflow rates (0.4, 0.8, 1.1 ls -1 ) and furrow slopes (0.2 and 0.4%) at various growth stages of wheat with different crop vegetation covers were determined on a clay loam soil. The calculation was based on the volume balance equation in the form of a differential equation that was solved with the forward finite difference (method I) and the secondary backward finite difference (method II) procedures. Comparison of the results obtained from these two methods showed that method I resulted in lower values of n than method II. So, the mean of the values for n from the two methods were used for the medium texture soil of the present study. There was no difference between the values of n in ordinary and every-other furrow irrigations. The results also indicated that at the first irrigation, the values of n were high (0.07-0.121), but at the second and third irrigations, the values of n decreased by about 60-70%. However, after the third irrigation, the seedling emergence of wheat resulted in increasing the values of n. The minimum and maximum values of n which belonged to the third and seventh irrigations were 0.047 and 0.136, respectively. Finally, two equations were proposed for the estimation of the roughness coefficient for bare and vegetated furrows according to the number of irrigations (up to three before seedling emergence), inflow rates and percentage of vegetation covers.
Translation and Technology: Investigating the Employment of Computer-aided Translation (CAT) Tools among Iranian Freelance Translators

The present study aimed to investigate the employment of computer-aided translation (CAT) tools among Iranian freelance translators. Fulford and Granell-Zafra (2005) proposed a model encompassing both information and communications technology (ICT) and CAT tools to support a large number of activities, including document production, information search and retrieval, communications, business management, marketing and work procurement, and translation creation. CAT tools are employed to support document production, business management, and translation creation; and ICT tools are used to support the rest. A questionnaire was used for data collection from Iranian freelancers. As the results indicated, Iranian freelance translators were more interested to employ general-purpose software applications, such as word processing programs and presentation software, whereas they showed less interest in the employment of special-purpose software, such as accounting packages and database software. Moreover, most participants approved the effectiveness of CAT tools in their work.
Reactivation of Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Its Therapeutic Benefits in Nerve Agent Intoxication

Abstract : Organophosphorus chemical warfare nerve agents are potent inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Inhibition of AChE at nerve terminals in peripheral tissues and the central nervous system (CNS) results in acetylcholine (ACh) overload and, depending on the extent of enzyme inhibition, cholinergic crisis. Current treatment strategies for nerve agent intoxication consist of using an oxime such as pyridine-2-aldoxime methylchloride (2-PAM) to reactivate the inhibited AChE and the anticholinergic drug atropine sulfate to antagonize the effects of excess ACh at muscarinic cholinergic receptors.
Nitrous oxide emission, global warming potential, and denitrifier abundances as affected by long-term fertilization on Mollisols of Northeastern China

ABSTRACT A long-term field experiment was performed to assess the effects of fertilization regimes on greenhouse gas emissions, soil properties, soil denitrifies, and maize (Zea mays) grain yield on Mollisols of Northeastern China. Chemical nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers plus pig manure (MNPK) treatment significantly increased soil N2O emissions by 29.9–226.4% and global warming potential (GWP) by 29.8–230.7% compared to unfertilized control (CK), chemical N fertilizer only (N), chemical N, P, and K fertilizers (NPK) and chemical N, P, and K fertilizers plus corn straw (SNPK) treatments. However, the MNPK treatment yielded similar greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) as compared with other treatments, mainly due to higher maize grain yield. There were also higher gene copy numbers of nirK, nirS, and nosZ in topsoil (0–20 cm depth) under MNPK treatment. Automatic linear modeling analysis indicated that main factors influencing soil N2O emissions were soil organic carbon (SOC), NO3− content, and nirK gene abundance. Although the application of chemical fertilizers plus organic manure increases N2O emissions due to higher N and C availability and nirK gene activity in the soil, this is still a promising fertilizer management due to its notable enhancement of maize grain yield and SOC content.
Some experiments on the toxicity of complex cyanides to fish

The toxicity to minnows, Pimephales promelas, of mixed solutions of sodium cyanide and sulfates of heavy metals, diluted with synthetic soft water, was evaluated in order to learn the degree of toxicity, to fish, of complex cyanides found in industrial wastes. The potentials of complex formation as a waste treatment method thus were explored also. The zinc cyanide and cadmium cyanide complexes, proved exceedingly toxic. Synergism of the metallic ions and cyanide is indicated. Free cyanide combines with nickel ions, to form a fairly stable complex, even when concentrations are low. Marked reduction of the toxicity of the cyanide, and also of the nickel, occurred as a result of this combination. However, dissociation of the harmless complex nickelocyanide ions is negligible in dilute solutions only when they are alkaline (pH about 8.0 or higher). The toxicity of waste waters containing free ionic copper can be markedly reduced by complexing the copper with cyanide. Extremely toxic mixtures of copper and zinc, which are synergistic metals, likewise can be detoxified by the addition of free cyanide, which combines with the copper.
Effects of Vitamin Forms and Levels on Vitamin Bioavailability and Growth Performance in Piglets

The objective of this study was to quantify the relative bioavailability of microencapsulated vitamins A and E in nursery pigs and compare the effects of vitamin forms and vitamin levels on the plasma vitamin content and growth performance of weaned piglets. In experiment (Exp.) 1, 12 nursery pigs (fitted with jugular catheters) were supplied at 0 h with non-microencapsulated or microencapsulated vitamin A and E. Blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 16, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 36, 48, and 72 h after feeding to compare the bioavailability of oral vitamins A and E. In Exp. 2, a total of 216 crossbred weaned piglets were assigned to six treatments. This experiment was a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with two factors for vitamin forms (non-microencapsulated and microencapsulated) and three factors for vitamin levels (the National Research Council level of vitamins, 75% commercial recommendations of vitamins (CRV) level, and a 100% CVR level). In Exp. 1, the relative bioavailability of microencapsulated vitamin E was significantly greater than that of non-microencapsulated vitamin E. In Exp. 2, the pigs fed diets containing 75% or 100% CRV levels of vitamins increased their growth performance and plasma vitamin concentrations compared to the control group. In conclusion, microencapsulation can improve the bioavailability of vitamins, and supplementation with high levels of vitamins was able to improve the growth performance of the piglets.
Antioxidant properties of Chamisso arnica (Arnica chamissonis Less.) water infusions

Arnica chamissonis (Less.) is a perennial plant of the Asteraceae family, providing flowers heads used in the production of medicines and cosmetics. Their chemical composition and properties are relatively well known, however the characteristic of the other raw materials is incomplete. The aim of the study was to assess the content of flavonoids and polyphenols as well as the antioxidant properties of Chamisso arnica infusions depending on the type of raw material (Arnicae anthodium, Arnicae herba, Arnicae rhizoma) and soil conditions in the cultivated area. Raw material for chemical analyses was obtained from 3-year-old plants grown on sandy and loamy soil. The obtained results indicate that the highest flavonoid content was found in flower anthodium infusions. In turn, herb infusions contained the most polyphenols and showed the greatest ability to reduce Fe3+ ions and ABTS cation radical. The flavonoid content and value of the reduction strength of flower anthodium and herb infusions was significantly modified by soil conditions. Chamisso arnica obtained from loamy soil showed higher content of flavonoids and greater ability to reduce Fe3+ ions than that from sandy soil.