Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Media as multi-sided platforms

Media are among the most influential institutions in modern societies. Media outlets – press, TV, Internet, radio, cinema – have become the leading players in the production and diffusion of information.1 Universal access to information, knowledge and pluralism of opinions are fundamental vectors for promoting a democratic and free society. However, the production of information is costly and the survival of media outlets crucially depends on the possibility of financing their activities. To avoid overloading consumers with all the costs of information production and promote as much as possible a universal access to information, media outlets have long relied2 on the combination of circulation/subscription revenues and advertising revenues (sometimes complemented by public subsidies3) to finance their activities. The conventional business model used by media firms exploits their role as platforms of interaction between two categories of users: audiences (consumers) and advertisers. Exchanges arising in media markets often generate cross network externalities (between advertisers and consumers, and vice versa), producing interactions between the demand for advertising and the demand for media content. Accordingly, traditional media outlets naturally appear as two-sided platforms. In light of all changes carried by the digital disruption and the convergence phenomenon, the frontiers of media markets are going through a process of deep transformation. The cost of information provision and diffusion has become much lower and the speed of information exchange has enormously increased. This process has immensely expanded the possibilities to create value. Conventional media are now “coopeting”4 with a variety of new media outlets, predominantly based on the existence of Internet (e.g. online press, online TV, social networks, news aggregators, blogs, and many others). In this context, new important players, like telecommunication companies or “Internet giants” (Apple, Google, Amazon) are consolidating their positions in the media markets. In particular, telecommunications companies see their activity no longer restricted to the provision of telephone or Internet connections. Nowadays these companies present themselves as service
Supervivencia y mortalidad por COVID-19 en Bogotá, Colombia durante marzo y julio de 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la supervivencia de COVID-19 en Bogotá-Colombia entre marzo y julio de 2020. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohortes retrospectivo en una población infectada por COVID-19 en Bogotá durante el 6 de marzo hasta el 8 de julio de 2020. Se excluyeron datos incompletos y se utilizaron datos reportados al INS. La población infectada se confirmó mediante la prueba PCR; el tiempo de estudio de esta población es desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta la defunción o el tiempo final de la cohorte. Para la supervivencia, se aplicó el método actuarial con la prueba Long-Rank. Resultados: La supervivencia en los días 1, 10, 20 y 30, es de 100%, 99%, 98% y 96% respectivamente (p<0,01). La supervivencia a los 30 días en sexo femenino es de 97% y de 95% en el masculino (HR=1,4 IC95% 1,2-1,6). La supervivencia en pacientes hospitalizados al día 30 es del 76% y del 100% en los no hospitalizados (HR=31,2 IC95% 24,4-40). El grupo de edad con menor supervivencia de 63% fue el grupo de ≥ 80 años (HR=48,4 IC95% 27,5-85,2). Conclusión: Los factores de riesgo relacionados con mortalidad en Bogotá-Colombia son el sexo masculino, la edad avanzada, y la hospitalización. Los últimos dos factores mencionados son factores de riesgo consistentemente observados en múltiples estudios de supervivencia por COVID-19 realizados en diferentes ciudades y grupos étnicos. Mientras tanto, el sexo masculino no es un factor universal, y solo es observado en ciertos estudios con diferentes poblaciones y grupos étnicos.
Ophthalmic Imaging The Cellular Origins of the Outer Retinal Bands in Optical Coherence Tomography Images

Citation: Jonnal RS, Kocaoglu OP, Zawadzki RJ, Lee S-H, Werner JS, Miller DT. The cellular origins of the outer retinal bands in optical coherence tomography images. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:7904–7918. DOI:10.1167/iovs.14-14907 PURPOSE. To test the recently proposed hypothesis that the second outer retinal band, observed in clinical OCT images, originates from the inner segment ellipsoid, by measuring: (1) the thickness of this band within single cone photoreceptors, and (2) its respective distance from the putative external limiting membrane (band 1) and cone outer segment tips (band 3).
Title Flicker-induced color and form : Interdependencies and relationto stimulation frequency and phase

Our understanding of human visual perception generally rests on the assumption that conscious visual states represent the interaction of spatial structures in the environment and our nervous system. This assumption is questioned by circumstances where conscious visual states can be triggered by external stimulation which is not primarily spatially defined. Here, subjective colors and forms are evoked by flickering light while the precise nature of those experiences varies over flicker frequency and phase. What s more, the occurrence of one subjective experience appears to be associated with the occurrence of others. While these data indicate that conscious visual experience may be evoked directly by particular variations in the flow of spatially unstructured light over time, it must be assumed that the systems responsible are essentially temporal in character and capable of representing a variety of visual forms and colors, coded in different frequencies or at different phases of the same processing rhythm. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Quantum, noncommutative and MOND corrections to the entropic law of gravitation

Quantum and noncommutative corrections to the Newtonian law of inertia are considered in the general setting of Verlinde’s entropic force postulate. We demonstrate that the form for the modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) emerges in a classical setting by seeking appropriate corrections in the entropy. We estimate the correction term by using concrete coherent states in the standard and generalized versions of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Using Jackiw’s direct and analytic method, we compute the explicit wavefunctions for these states, producing minimal length as well as minimal products. Subsequently, we derive a further selection criterium restricting the free parameters in the model in providing a canonical formulation of the quantum corrected Newtonian law by setting up the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian for the system.
Variable expression of alpha-2-macroglobulin and tumor necrosis factor-α in the aqueous humor of patients with pseudoexfoliative syndrome with and without glaucoma

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the involvement of two known mediators of the apoptotic processes in ganglion cells, the proteins alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliation (PXF) syndrome. Methods: Aqueous humor samples were collected at the beginning of cataract surgery. Levels of α2M and TNF-α were measured using western blot analysis and expressed as fold values. Commercially available pure α2M protein and TNF-α were used as controls. For digital quantification, nitrocellulose membranes were scanned and analyzed using Image J software. Results: Levels of α2M level were measured in 61 samples, which included 18 with PXF, 15 with POAG, and 28 controls. Mean levels of α2M in the aqueous humor of patients with PXF without glaucoma were comparable to control levels and lower than for patients with POAG (0.63 ± 0.1; 0.6 ± 0.05; and 0.92 ± 0.1, respectively, P = 0.05). TNF-α levels were measured in 25 aqueous humor samples including eight with PXF, seven with POAG, and 10 controls. TNF-α protein fold level values were higher in patients with glaucoma, with and without PXF, and compared to control values (0.77 ± 0.1 and 0.5 ± 0.4 compared to 0.06 ± 0.01, respectively, P = 0.05 post-log conversion). Conclusion: This work further documents the role of α2M protein in the apoptotic process in ganglion cells related to increased IOP but marks its absence in PXF material accumulation without glaucoma. Our findings regarding TNF-α levels may still suggest a role for this protein in PXF syndrome alone.
A Progressive Reduced Basis/Empirical Interpolation Method for Nonlinear Parabolic Problems

We investigate new developments of the combined Reduced-Basis and Empirical Interpolation Methods (RB-EIM) for parametrized nonlinear parabolic problems. In many situations, the cost of the EIM in the offline stage turns out to be prohibitive since a significant number of nonlinear time-dependent problems need to be solved using the full-order model. In the present work, we develop a new methodology, the Progressive RB-EIM (PREIM) method for nonlinear parabolic problems. The purpose is to reduce the offline cost while maintaining the accuracy of the RB approximation in the online stage. The key idea is a progressive enrichment of both the EIM approximation and the RB space, in contrast to the standard approach where the EIM approximation and the RB space are built separately. PREIM uses full-order computations whenever available and RB computations otherwise. Another key feature of PREIM is to select twice the parameter in a greedy fashion, the second selection being made after computing the full-order solution for the firstly-selected value of the parameter. Numerical examples are presented on nonlinear heat transfer problems.
Influence of the Different Prosthesis Designs on Subjective Functional Evaluation after TKA: Medium-Term Outcome Using the 2011 Knee Society Score

Background: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) has become the focus of increased attention in the assessment of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether different prosthesis designs affected postoperative patient-reported performance. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 216 patients (234 knees) implanted with the Press-Fit Condylar Sigma prosthesis at our institution between January 2009 and December 2011. This study included 76 knees with fixed-bearing cruciate-retaining (FB-CR), 78 knees with fixed-bearing posterior-stabilized (FB-PS), and 80 knees with mobile-bearing posterior-stabilized (MB-PS) designs. The mean follow-up was 8.0 ± 0.74 years. Preoperative and follow-up ratings according to the 2011 Knee Society Score (2011 KSS), range of motion (ROM), and standing femoro-tibial angle (FTA) were obtained for all patients. Additionally, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were collected at last follow-up. Results: Three separate subscales of the 2011 KSS of the three cohorts were significantly improved post-operatively compared to the pre-operative values (p 0.05), except for expectation scores. At the time of follow-up, significantly higher the 2011 Knee Society Functional Scores (P = 0.016) were found in the PS group. In particular, there were significant differences in advanced activities of the 2011 KSFS among the three groups (P = 0.017). Satisfaction scores showed no difference among the three groups (P = 0.251). On the other hand, WOMAC and expectation scores were significantly better in the PS groups. (P = 0.003, P = 0.004). ROM in the MB-PS group (124.0°) was better than that in FB-PS (119.4°) and FB-CR (118.9°) (P = 0.005). On the other hand, additional surgery was needed in five PS knees. Conclusion: The PS prostheses had superior 2011 KSFS, expectation scores, WOMAC scores and ROM than the CR prostheses. In contrast, the postoperative prosthesis-related complication rates were lower with CR prostheses. Further detailed evaluation is necessary to determine whether the characteristics of the different prostheses affect PRO.
Petrological and mineralogical contrasts of basic lithologies between eclogite and non–eclogite units along the Kokuryo River of the Sanbagawa belt, Central Shikoku, Japan

*Institute for Space–Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464–8601, Japan **Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464–8601, Japan ***Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669–1337, Japan †Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda 669–1337, Japan
Sick Leave and Costs in Active Workers with Chronic Osteoarthritis Pain in Spain: Outcomes of the OPIOIDS Real World Study

Purpose To estimate the number of sick leave days and productivity costs in active workers with osteoarthritis (OA) who initiated opioid treatment for moderate/severe chronic pain in clinical practice in Spain. Patients and Methods This is a secondary analysis of the longitudinal, retrospective OPIOIDS study, using electronic medical records (EMR) of patients aged ≥18 years, who started an opioid treatment for moderate/severe chronic OA pain between 2010 and 2015 after treatment failure with ≥1 first-line drugs (acetaminophen, metamizole and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]). The number of days of sick leave and productivity costs were analyzed during a follow-up period of 36 months. Results A total of 5089 patients with moderate/severe chronic OA pain, aged 56.8 years (standard deviation [SD]: 4.6) (56.6% were female), were analyzed: 73.3% of them started a treatment with weak opioids and 26.7% of them were treated with strong opioids. At 36 months, adherence was 21.0% (strong opioids: 15.4%; weak opioids: 23.0%; p<0.001), and 77% of patients had at least one sick leave related with chronic OA pain, with an average of 93 days off work in all working patients (120.5 days in patients with sick leaves). Besides, 16.9% of the study population had sick leave periods that lasted at least 6 months. Pain reduction was modest (−1.2 points; −4.0%, p<0.001). The cost of sick leave was €2594 patient/year, and factors such as older age (β=0.043), female sex (β=0.036), comorbidities (β=0.035) and strong opioid use (β=0.031) were associated with higher productivity costs (p<0.05 in all associations). Conclusion Active workers who started opioid treatment for moderate/severe chronic OA pain showed an increased frequency of sick leave and productivity cost, with a modest effect on pain relief. Older age, female sex, comorbidities, and strong opioids were associated with higher costs for society.
Creating Associations As a Substitute for Direct Bank Credit. Evidence from Belgium

Firms’ incentives to join up with other firms to apply collectively for a single loan are studied empirically in this paper. When several firms make a joint application for a single loan an association of firms is created. We identify the associations that had access to credit in Belgium over the period 2001-2011 and the firms that made up each association, observing the amount of credit that both the firms and the associations obtained from each financial institution they used. We analyse the amount of credit obtained by firms according to whether or not they belonged to an association, the likelihood of firms forming associations, the impact of belonging to an association on the amount of credit firms receive from banks and the effect of firms not obtaining any direct credit on the amount obtained by the associations formed by such firms. We also analyse whether associations formed by common-ownership firms are able to access more credit than other associations. We find that large and long-established firms are more likely to join up with other firms to make joint loan applications and that associations obtain more credit if all their members use the same bank as the association does to obtain credit. Furthermore, the lower a firm’s credit over the previous year, the more likely it is to form an association to obtain credit, and we show that associations comprising small firms with no credit history are especially credit constrained.
Dopamine and memory dedifferentiation in aging Abbreviated title : Dopamine and memory dedifferentiation in aging

1 The dedifferentiation theory of aging proposes that a reduction in the specificity of neural 2 representations causes declines in complex cognition as people get older, and may reflect a 3 reduction in dopaminergic signaling. The present pharmacological fMRI study investigated episodic 4 memory-related dedifferentiation in young and older adults, and its relation to dopaminergic 5 function, using a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind crossover design with the agonist 6 Bromocriptine (1.25 mg) and the antagonist Sulpiride (400 mg). We used multi-voxel pattern 7 analysis to measure memory specificity: the degree to which distributed patterns of activity 8 distinguishing two different task contexts during an encoding phase are reinstated during memory 9 retrieval. As predicted, memory specificity was reduced in older adults in prefrontal cortex and in 10 hippocampus, consistent with an impact of neural dedifferentiation on episodic memory 11 representations. There was also a linear age-dependent dopaminergic modulation of memory 12 specificity in hippocampus reflecting a relative boost to memory specificity on Bromocriptine in 13 older adults whose memory was poorer at baseline, and a relative boost on Sulpiride in older better 14 performers, compared to the young. This differed from generalized effects of both agents on task 15 specificity in the encoding phase. The results demonstrate a link between ageing, dopaminergic 16 function and dedifferentiation in the hippocampus. 17
CHARACTERIZATION OF LEGUME STARCHES AND THEIR NOODLE QUALITY

Physicochemical properties of starches isolated from Colorado grown legumes (chick peas, peanut beans, and pinto beans) were studied to find a feasible, less expensive source for making starch noodles. Surfactants, monoglycerides of fatty acids and sodium stearoyl lactylate at 0.5% of starch weight, were also combined with raw starch to prepare starch noodles. Cooking qualities of pinto bean and peanut bean starches were inferior to those of mung bean and/or chick pea starch noodles. Although mung bean starch is used commercially for making starch noodles, functional characteristics and sensory results on chick pea starch noodles show that chick peas are suitable sources for starch noodle manufacturing. Addition of surfactants did not improve cooking qualities of starch noodles. Mung bean starches showed the type C pattern starch and no pasting peak in its viscoamylogram. Starches of mung bean noodle do not leach into cooking water before they gelatinize to form a gel network-like structure.
Performance improvement of voltage controlled isolated wind power generation system consisting of linear and non-linear loads

In an isolated mode operation of wind power generating system (WPGS), operating voltage and frequency are affected under sudden change of load because of more transient time, higher total harmonic distortion. To minimize the effects, the WEGS should be operated with suitable controller and the inverter should be operated with required pulse width modulation (PWM) technique. In this paper, the proposed WPGS is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink with adaptive voltage controller (AVC) and load current observer (LCO) and the inverter is operating with Unified voltage Space Vector PWM (USVPWM) technique to improve the transient behaviour of the system. The same proposed system is also simulated with conventional space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) techniques. The simulation results will be analyzed in various load conditions. The conventional SVPWM results compared with the USVPWM results like transient time, load voltage and load current total harmonic distortion under balanced three-phase load.
Geodetic constraints on the translation and deformation of India: implications for future great Himalayan earthquakes

Because the elastic deformation of rock is fundamental to the earthquake process, geodetic surface measurements provide a measure of both the geometrical parameters of earthquake rupture, and a measure of the temporal and spatial development of elastic strain prior to rupture. Yet, despite almost 200 years of geodesy in India, and the occurrence of several great earthquakes, the geodetic contribution to understanding future damaging earthquakes in India remains minor. Global Positioning System (GPS) geodesy promises to remedy the shortcomings of traditional studies. Within the last decade, GPS studies have provided three fundamental constraints concerning the seismogenic framework of the Indian Plate: its overall stability < 0.01 μstrainlyear), its velocity of collision with Asia (58 ± 4 mm/year at N44E), and its rate of collision with southern Tibet (20.5 ± 2 mm/year). These NE directed motions are superimposed on a secular shift of the Earth's rotation axis. As a net result, India currently moves southward at 8 ± 1 cm/ year. In the next few decades we can expect GPS measurements to illuminate the subsurface distribution and rate of development of strain in the Himalaya, the relative contributions of along-arc and arc-normal deformation in the Himalaya and southern Tibet, and perhaps the roles of potential energy, plastic deformation and elastic strain in the earthquake cycle.
Antecedents and consequences of online consumer engagement : investigating social media dispositions, social media goals, and brand engagement

Consumers are comfortable with social media and accept firms occupying the same digital space. They consume and create content in social media at varying levels as some consumers more readily engage with firms online than others. Those consumers may not only communicate with the brand, they may also develop a brand relationship as a consequence. The progression of brand relationship may develop from brand involvement to brand advocacy where consumers speak positively on the brand’s behalf without compensation. Knowing the consumer factors that lead to online consumer engagement and having a better understanding of branding outcomes will help firms to more effectively plan and execute a social media marketing strategy. Although many studies have considered antecedents, consequences, and measures of online consumer engagement, a comprehensive review of current studies with recommendations for future research is needed to have a better understanding of online consumer engagement. Essay 1 addresses this need. CONSUMER ENGAGEMENT ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES vi In addition, research is needed to examine social media dispositions and social media goals as antecedents of consumer engagement in social media, as well as a progression of brand engagement outcomes as a consequence. Essay 2 fills the gap by investigating the effect of consumer antecedents, namely social media dispositions (social media information sharing and social media trust) and social media goals (social media information seeking and social media experience) on consumer engagement. The foundation of the study is grounded in uses and gratifications theory. Further, the study considers the effect consumer engagement has on brand engagement including brand involvement and brand advocacy. Regression analysis and structural equation models (SEM) were used to analyze the data from the completed surveys. The results provide implications for firms, including how to more efficiently spend on social media marketing by targeting consumers who are more likely to engage online with appropriate content strategy, leading to brand advocacy.