Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional characterisation of AtRMR proteins in "Arabidopsis thaliana"

11 Abbreviations . 13 Introduction . 15 I. Overview of the endomembrane system . 15 A. THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM . 16 B. THE GOLGI APPARATUS . 16 C. THE ENDOSOMES . 17 D. PRESENTATION OF THE PLANT VACUOLAR SYSTEM . 17 1. Plants have different vacuoles . 19 2. The use of reporter proteins . 19 3. The Lytic Vacuole . 20 4. The Protein Storage Vacuole . 20 5. The Vegetative Storage Vacuole . 21 6. The plant vacuolar system is highly versatile . 21 II. Proteins reach the vacuoles via various pathways . 21 A. THE PATHWAYS FROM THE CYTOSOL TO THE VACUOLES . 23 1. Autophagy in yeasts . 23 2. Autophagy in animal cells . 23 3. Autophagy in plants . 24 B. THE ENDOCYTIC PATHWAY . 25 1. Endosomes . 25 2. Fluid phase / Receptor-mediated endocytosis . 26 3. Endosomal compartments are linked to the biosynthetic pathway.27 C. THE BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY . 28 1. Protein synthesis and import in the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum . 29 2. Fate of the proteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum . 29 3. Transport of solutes through the Golgi Apparatus . 31 4. Exit from the Golgi . 32 D. VESICULAR TRAFFICKING . 32 1. General features . 32 2. Vesicle budding from the donor membrane . 33 3. Composition of the main types of vesicles . 33 4. Docking and tethering . 34 5. Fusion of the vesicles with the target compartment . 35 E. THE SORTING OF VACUOLAR PROTEINS DEPENDS ON SIGNAL PEPTIDES . 36 1. The sequence-specific Vacuolar Sorting Determinant . 37 2. The C-terminal Vacuolar Sorting Determinant . 37 3. The condensation-dependent Vacuolar Sorting Determinant . 38 III. The plant vacuole sorting receptors . 39 A. THE RECEPTOR-MEDIATED SORTING TO LYSOSOMES/VACUOLES . 39 B. THE VSRS (VACUOLE SORTING RECEPTORS) . 40 C. THE RMRS (RECEPTOR MEMBRANE RINGH2) . 41 IV. Experimental aims . 44 Results . 45 I. AtRMR1 functions in the sorting of both ssVSD and CtVSD vacuolar proteins . 45
Subsurface Buoyancy Regulation by the Sea Snake Pelamis platurus

Sea snakes (Pelamis platurus) acclimated to a 10-m tank for 24 h routinely dove with sufficient lung volumes to be near neutrally buoyant at depth. Naive snakes in the same tank dove with much more variable lung volumes, and one of these snakes had sufficient volume to be neutrally buoyant at 30 m (4 atm). With longer dive times, acclimated snakes, because of their consumption of pulmonary O₂ and the transcutaneous losses of CO₂ and N₂, lost lung volume and became negatively buoyant. Sixtyfive percent of the dives of free-swimming snakes tracked at sea are characterized by a four-phased pattern of (a) descent, (b) bounce ascent, (c) gradual ascent, and (d) final ascent. The gradual ascent phase accounts for about 82% of total submergence time on each dive and may reflect a period when free-swimming snakes gradually ascend and, by Boyle's Law, compensate for buoyancy lost because of the decline in pulmonary volume. The capacity of P. platurus to dive deeply and repetitively is attributable to increased lung 02 supply, to specializations for cutaneous gas exchange, and to an intracardiac pulmonary shunt. Shunting, which is well developed in sea snakes, assures management of pulmonary O₂ reserves in a fashion that augments cutaneous respiration and establishes favorable transcutaneous diffusion gradients that facilitate the loss of N₂ (to avert Caisson disease) and the uptake of O₂. Our studies suggest that shunting also minimizes the rate of buoyancy change and thus lowers the energetic costs of swimming for a diving snake.
Comparative analysis of sugar-biosynthesis proteins of sorghum stems and the investigation of their role in hyperosmotic stress tolerance

III COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SUGAR-BIOSYNTHESIS PROTEINS OF SORGHUM STEMS AND THE INVESTIGATION OF THEIR ROLE IN HYPEROSMOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE . III DECLARATION . VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . VII LIST OF TABLES . VIII LIST OF FIGURES . IX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . XII TABLE OF CONTENTS . XV CHAPTER 1 . 1 LITERATURE REVIEW . 1 1.
EFEITOS DOS SISTEMAS DE CULTIVO E MANEJO DA CAATINGA ATRAVÉS DA ANÁLISE DOS INDICADORES QUIMICOS DE QUALIDADE DO SOLO NA PRODUÇÃO AGRÍCOLA EM APODI, RN

O manejo sustentavel da caatinga reduz a devastacao do semiarido e visa uma agricultura de base ecologica norteada por principios sistematicos da agroecologia. Neste contexto, buscou-se avaliar os efeitos dos sistemas de cultivo e manejo da caatinga atraves da analise dos indicadores quimicos da qualidade do solo na producao agricola em Apodi, RN. Os sistemas avaliados foram: 1 – area de manejo da caatinga com 5 (cinco) anos (AMC5); 2 – area de manejo da caatinga com 7 (sete) anos (AMC7); 3 – area de cultivo agricola (ACA) em sistema convencional e 4 – area de mata nativa (AMN). As analises quimicas revelaram que no manejo da caatinga durante cinco e sete anos contribuiram de forma benefica para a conservacao da fertilidade do solo.
The IWSLT 2019 Evaluation Campaign

The IWSLT 2019 evaluation campaign featured three tasks: speech translation of (i) TED talks and (ii) How2 instructional videos from English into German and Portuguese, and (iii) text translation of TED talks from English into Czech. For the first two tasks we encouraged submissions of end- to-end speech-to-text systems, and for the second task participants could also use the video as additional input. We received submissions by 12 research teams. This overview provides detailed descriptions of the data and evaluation conditions of each task and reports results of the participating systems.
The growth of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in mild winters and summer droughts in upland Wales: model validation and preliminary predictions

SUMMARY. 1. We compared the observed annual growth of 0- and I-group trout in nine Welsh upland streams, with growth predicted from temperature assuming that this was the only limiting factor. 2. Autumn weights of second year fish were 51–67% of predicted (Gmax) values in 1988, but only 30–40% in 1989 and 1990 when drought occurred. Though initial weights of fry were unknown, simulations suggested that first year growth was also less than Gmax, but with no obvious effect of drought. 3. To evaluate the possible effects of future climate change, we simulated stream temperature regimes 1.5–4.5°C above those of a recent year with temperatures similar to the long-term average. Growth was set at 60%Gmax for both 0- and I-group, or at 40% for I-group to represent the effect of drought. As winter temperature increased, time to hatching and emergence decreased, for example by 56 and 49 days respectively for a rise of 3°C. 0-group growth was slightly enhanced at up to + 3°C but retarded at + 4.5°C. Simulations of I-group growth suggested that warmer winters could enhance trout growth while warmer summers would only increase growth if there were no adverse effects of drought. 4. We discuss many uncertainties in these simulations, which nevertheless suggest the magnitude of possible effects of climate change.
Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies

In the present study,a total of 24 MAbs were produced against bluetongue virus (BTV) by polyethyleneglycol (PEG) mediated fusion method using sensitized lymphocytes and myeloma cells. All these clones were characterized for their reactivity to whole virus and recombinant BTV-VP7 protein,titres,isotypes and their reactivity with 24 BTV-serotype specific sera in cELISA. Out of 24 clones,a majority of them (n = 18) belong to various IgG subclasses and the remaining (n = 6) to the IgM class. A panel of eight clones reactive to both whole BTV and purified rVP7 protein were identified based on their reactivity in iELISA. For competitive ELISA,the clone designated as 4A10 showed better inhibition to hyperimmune serum of BTV serotype 23. However,this clone showed a variable percent of inhibition ranging from16.6% with BTV 12 serotype to 78.9% with BTV16 serotype using 24 serotype specific sera of BTV originating from guinea pig at their lowest dilutions. From the available panel of clones,only 4A10 was found to have a possible diagnostic application.
Self-Selection of Peers and Performance

This paper studies how the presence of peers and different peer assignment rules—self-selection versus random assignment—affect individual performance. Using a framed field experiment, we find that the presence of a randomly assigned peer improves performance by 28% of a standard deviation (SD), whereas self-selecting peers induces an additional 15%–18% SD improvement in performance. Our results document peer effects in multiple characteristics and show that self-selection changes these characteristics. However, a decomposition reveals that variations in the peer composition contribute only little to the performance differences across peer assignment rules. Rather, we find that self-selection has a direct effect on performance. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, decision analysis.
Aspects of the biology of the parasite Bonamia ostreae with a view to gaining a greater understanding of how to alleviate its impact on the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis.

58 INTRODUCTION . 59 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 62 Prevalence and intensity of infection using ventricular heart imprints . 62 Processing and examination of histological sections . 62 DNA isolation and PCR analysis . 63 In-situ hybridisation . 63 RESULTS . 66 Percentage of positive samples detected by each method . 66 Reproducibility of results for each method . 66 Detection rate with combined diagnostic methods . 68 Agreement in positive cases between diagnostic methods in each laboratory . 70 DISCUSSION . 72 LITERATURE CITED . 75 CHAPTER 3 . 80 PART A . 81 ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF A PATHOGEN, BONAMIA OSTREAE, ON OSTREA EDULIS OYSTER STOCKS WITH DIFFERENT HISTORIES OF EXPOSURE TO THE PARASITE IN IRELAND. 81 ABSTRACT . 82. 82 INTRODUCTION . 83 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 86 Study areas . 86 Sampling . 88 Cytological processing and examination . 91 DNA isolation and Polymerase chain reaction analysis . 91 Environmental Data . 92 RESULTS . 93 Prevalence of infection on oyster beds sampled at each site . 93 Intensity of infection in both stocks and within each oyster bed . 98 Relationship between oyster size and infection . 104 Environmental data . 107 DISCUSSION . 110 LITERATURE CITED . 116 PART B . 122 ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF A PATHOGEN, BONAMIA OSTREAE, ON DIFFERING NORTH SEA OSTREA EDULIS STOCKS IN LAKE GREVELINGEN, HOLLAND. 122 ABSTRACT . 123. 123 INTRODUCTION . 124 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 126 Study area . 126 Sampling and screening of oysters . 126 Cytological processing and examination . 128 DNA isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis . 128 RESULTS . 130 Screening of adult oysters from Lake Grevelingen . 130 Screening of spat from cage trials . 131 DISCUSSION . 137 LITERATURE CITED . 140 CHAPTER 4 . 143 PART A . 144 INVESTIGATING MECHANISMS FOR BONAMIA OSTREAE TO MAINTAIN ITSELF OUTSIDE OF ITS HOST OSTREA EDULIS . 144 ABSTRACT . 145. 145 INTRODUCTION . 147 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 150 Screening of sediment from Lough Foyle, a Bonamia ostreae endemic area . 150 Laboratory transmission trial . 150 Ventricular heart imprints . 151 Screening of macroinvertebrates from B. ostreae endemic areas . 152 DNA extraction methods for laboratory and field screening . 153 PCR analysis for Bonamia ostreae infection . 153 PCR analysis for Mytilus spp. identification . 153 In-situ hybridisation . 154 Processing and examination of histological sections . 154 Testing for the occurrence of inhibition during PCR analysis . 154 RESULTS . 155 Screening of sediment from a Bonamia ostreae endemic area . 155 Laboratory transmission trial . 155 Screening of macroinvertebrates, using PCR and ISH, from B. ostreae endemic areas . 156 DISCUSSION . 161 LITERATURE CITED . 167 PART B . 174 INVESTIGATING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ROLE OF LARVAE IN THE UPTAKE AND TRANSFER OF BONAMIA OSTREAE . 174 ABSTRACT . 175. 175 INTRODUCTION . 176 MATERIALS AND
Estimation of Indian and Turkish Hexaploid Wheat Population Structure to be a Part of Improved Breeding Program

Bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) is the most commonly grown crop due to its adaptation in a wide range of eco-geographical conditions and providing enhanced food assurance to the modern world. A diverse and rich collection is the foundation of each successful wheat improvement program. Therefore, major efforts are in progress worldwide to boost wheat production by broadening genetic diversity. Accepting this issue as a target, present study gives an overview of the major progress in the diversity and population evaluation of Indian and Turkish hexaploid wheat employing ISSR and RAPD primers. Various statistical analyses were employed for determining the hexaploid wheat population structure of India and Turkey. Results of dendrogram, scatterplots, Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) and population structure analysis were found in accordance with each other. All the experimental genotypes were clustered in two main groups, one group containing Indian varieties and another group containing both Indian and Turkish varieties reflecting the direct or indirect interbreeding among the populations of the two countries. Utilizing the genetic association of Indian and Turkish hexaploid wheat population, based on genetic distance estimated in the study, researchers worldwide may include Indian and Turkish hexaploid varieties in the wheat improvement programs and can evade the likelihood of selected germplasm becoming hereditarily consistent.
Functional analysis of the microtubule-end vbinding protein CLASP2

textabstractMicrotubules play an important role in many essential cell functions, such as maintenance of cell shape, intracellular transport, positioning of cell organelles and formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division. Microtubules perform many of their cellular tasks by changing their organization and stability in response to the needs of the cell. These processes are highly regulated, mainly by heterologous protein interactions between microtubules and specific regulatory proteins. Microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) play an essential role in controlling the dynamic instability of microtubules, thus controlling the state of their assembly and organization in cells. Particularly interesting is the group of MAPs that bind specifically to the plus ends of microtubules, where they can influence microtubule behavior and microtubule connections with other cellular structures. The best examples of such proteins are cytoplasmic linker proteins (CLIPs), as well as CLIPassociated proteins, or CLASPs. The aim of this thesis was to investigate role of CLASPs on microtubule behavior, in particular the involvement and in vivo function of CLASP 2.
Decay of Technological Research and Development in Venezuela

Los principales indicadores de investigacion y desarrollo tecnologico, como lo son la produccion de patentes, publicaciones en revistas indexadas o el valor de bienes industriales exportados, son analizados a fin de revisar el desempeno tecnologico en Ven-ezuela. Mientras que durante los tres primeros cuartos del siglo 21 el pais no tuvo un aparato relevante de produccion tecnologica y de innovacion, con la nacionalizacion de la industria petrolera venezolana, en 1976, el gobierno creo el Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo (INTEVEP) de Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA), a fin de proveer al sector de energia y petroleo con una mayor independencia tecnologica. Como resultado de ello comenzo formalmente el desarrollo tecnologico en Venezuela. El analisis de la produccion de patentes revela que la Oficina de Patentes de EEUU ha otorgado un total de 394 patentes a los inventores venezolanos. Tambien se observa que 1) el sector publico venezolano es responsable del 80% de las patentes, 2) INTEVEP genero el 85% del total de patentes otorgadas a instituciones y empresas venezolanas, y 3) despues de una evolucion sostenida, el maximo de patentes producidas por Venezuela, unas 24 al ano a finales del siglo 20, se halla ahora en su punto minimo. Se alcanza una conclusion similar al analizar la produccion de publicaciones cientificas de INTEVEP o el valor de los bienes industriales de alta tecnologia exportados. Dados estos hechos, se concluye que el sistema tecnologico venezolano se halla inmerso en una profunda crisis
Bio-chemical basis of resistance in brinjal genotypes to shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guen.

Five genotypes of brinjal designated as resistant (Sweta), fairly resistant (Shubham (02)), tolerant (Green Gold (EP-05)), susceptible (Soorakundu local) and highly susceptible (Bejo Sheetal) to Leucinodes orbonalis Guen. were estimated for bio-chemical constituents of leaf samples. Sweta recorded the highest ash content (12.3%) and total phenols (7.6 mg/g) and lowest moisture content (78.4%), total chlorophyll (1.2 mg/g) and total sugars (5.8 mg/g) while Bejo Sheetal, recorded the lowest ash content (10.1%) and total phenols (1.9 mg/g) and highest moisture (89.2%), total chlorophyll (1.9 mg/g) and total sugars (18.0%). There was significant positive relationship between total sugars, total chlorophyll and moisture content with shoot damage and negative relationship between total phenols and ash contents with shoot damage.
Suffix rivalry in Russian: what low frequency words tell us

The derivation of (relational) adjectives from nouns constitutes a particularly complex issue in Russian derivational morphology. Such adjectives are in fact constructed by a large set of different affixes, many of which constitute variants (and particularly extensions) of three main suffixes, -sk-, -n-, and -Ov-. 1 The competition between the three main affixes, and their variants, is apparently driven by a complex combination of factors, including phonological, morphological and semantic ones. In this article, we present a work in progress on the rivalry in question, and namely a series of quantitative observations on data extracted from the National corpus of Russian language. The data on which our observations are made include both the highest frequent lexemes in the corpus and hapaxes (frequency 1 lexemes). We are in fact persuaded that very low-frequency lexemes, if observed on a large scale, are likely to be good indicators of the creative use of morphological constructions. The observations presented in this article concern almost exclusively phonological factors, and namely the length of the base lexeme, the final segment of the base stem, and the presence of morpho-phonological phenomena typical of Russian derivation (vowel/Ø alternation and consonant mutation). If these factors play indeed a role in the choice of a suffix or of one of its variants, unsurprisingly they turn out to be insufficient to account for the choices made by speakers in a deterministic way. A multifactorial analysis is thus a necessary further step in our research we are committed to realize. In the final part of the article we present some hints about a theoretical modelization of the rivalry in question. In particular, we consider that a non-deterministic and hierarchically organized model, such as Construction Morphology (CxM, Booij 2010), constitutes the best way to account the complex interactions these rival (but in many respects overlapping) strategies have. Our CxM model is combined with a strictly stem-based and constraint-based approach to morphology, similar to the one elaborated by Roché and Plénat (2014), among others, about French.
Effect of freeze-thaw treatment of herbage on the biohydrogenation of a-linolenic acid

D. Warner*, A. Elgersma and R.J. Dewhurst Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand Wageningen University, Department of Plant Sciences, PO Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands Current address: Wageningen University, Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen, The Netherlands Current address: Teagasc, Animal Bioscience Centre, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland * Correspondence: daniel.warner@wur.nl
Overview of Aphanolejeunea (Jungermanniopsida) after 25 years

The last worldwide account of Aphanolejeunea, done 25 years ago, recognized 41 valid species. Since then the number of accepted taxa has increased by 10 new species, described mostly by us, and 4 species, as new combinations, were transferred from Cololejeunea to Aphanolejeunea. It also turned out that some other names, mostly synonyms, have been overlooked in the intervening years. Recent molecular evidence has shown that at the generic level Aphanolejeunea cannot be separated from Cololejeunea. Here, all valid Aphanolejeunea taxa are merged with (or returned to) Cololejeunea. Forty-three Cololejeunea names are established for the previously known 64 Aphanolejeunea binomials, 23 new combinations and 4 new names (these latter to avoid homonymy) are made, and 22 new synonyms are proposed. The continental distributions of all species are given, based on our recent knowledge.
The Dynamic Relationship between Tourism and Economy: Evidence from Nepal

The objective of this paper is to analyse the role of tourism in the Nepalese economic growth. I use a trivariate model of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), international tourist arrivals and real effective exchange rate to investigate the long-run and short-run relationship between tourism and economic growth. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller ( ADF) test is used to determine the order of integration of the series, and I employ the Engle- Granger cointegration procedure to test for the presence of long-run relationship. By using annual macroeconomic data for Nepal for the period of 1962-2011, results reveal that there is a cointegrating relationship between tourism and economic growth.
A Mechanistic Approach to Plankton Ecology

Summary Our limited intuition of the small-scale world of the plankton has biased the way we describe and understand ocean ecology. Classical approaches consider fluxes of energy and matter between species and populations to describe marine ecosystems but biological interactions occur between individuals rather than between the abstract entities of ‘populations’ or “trophic levels. ” A complementary approach is to derive system properties from mechanistic insights in individual functioning and interactions. Plankton live in a world that is radically different from ours, and to which we have limited access. Visualization is central to developing an intuition for this world, which together with insights in small-scale fluid physics may allow a mechanistic understanding of individual interactions and deduction of properties of populations and ecosystems. This lecture demonstrates the mechanistic approach through a number of examples, including numerous videos.