Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new estimator of resolved molecular gas in nearby galaxies

A relationship between dust-reprocessed light from recent star formation and the amount of star-forming gas in a galaxy produces a correlation between WISE 12$\mu$m emission and CO line emission. Here we explore this correlation on kiloparsec scales with CO(1-0) maps from EDGE-CALIFA matched in resolution to WISE 12$\mu$m images. We find strong CO-12$\mu$m correlations within each galaxy (median Pearson $r = 0.85$) and we show that the scatter in the global CO-12$\mu$m correlation is largely driven by differences from galaxy to galaxy. The correlation is stronger than that between star formation rate and H$_2$ surface densities over the same set of pixels (median $r=0.71$). We explore multi-variable regression to predict $\Sigma(\mathrm{H_2})$ surface density using the WISE 12$\mu$m data combined with global and resolved galaxy properties, and provide the fit parameters for the best estimators. We find that $\Sigma(\mathrm{H_2})$ estimators that include $\Sigma(\mathrm{12\mu m})$ are able to predict $\Sigma(\mathrm{H_2})$ with $>10$% better accuracy than estimators that include resolved optical properties ($\Sigma(\mathrm{SFR}),\Sigma(\mathrm{M_*}),A_V$ and $12+\log\mathrm{O/H}$) instead of $\Sigma(\mathrm{12\mu m})$. The best single-property estimator is $\log \frac{\Sigma(\mathrm{H_2})}{\mathrm{M_\odot\>pc^{-2}}} = (0.49 \pm 0.01) + (0.71 \pm 0.01)\log \frac{\Sigma(\mathrm{12\mu m})}{\mathrm{L_\odot\>pc^{-2}}}$, with an average predictive accuracy of 0.19 dex per pixel, and intrinsic scatter of 0.17 dex. This correlation can be used to efficiently estimate H$_2$ surface densities down to at least $1 \> M_\odot \> \mathrm{pc^{-2}}$ on small spatial scales within nearby galaxies. This correlation may prove useful to probe even lower gas densities with the better mid-infrared sensitivities expected from the James Webb Space Telescope.
Scale-invariant dynamics in the Solar system

The covariant scale-invariant dynamics (SID) theory has recently been proposed as a possible explanation for the observed dynamical discrepancies in galaxies. SID implies that these discrepancies – commonly attributed to dark matter – arise instead from a non-standard velocity-dependent force that causes two-body near-Keplerian orbits to expand. We show that the predicted expansion of the Earth–Moon orbit is incompatible with lunar laser ranging data at >200σ. Moreover, SID predicts that the gravitating mass of any object was much smaller in the past. If true, a low-mass red giant star must be significantly older than in standard theory. This would make it much older than the conventional age of the Universe, which, however, is expected to be similarly old in SID. Moreover, it is not completely clear whether SID truly contains new physics beyond general relativity, with several previous works arguing that the extra degree of freedom is purely mathematical. We conclude that the SID model is falsified at high significance by observations across a range of scales, even if it is theoretically well formulated.
Levels and trends in the sex ratio at birth in seven provinces of Nepal between 1980 and 2016 with probabilistic projections to 2050: a Bayesian modeling approach

The sex ratio at birth (SRB; ratio of male to female births) in Nepal has been reported without imbalance on the national level. However, the national SRB could mask the disparity within the country. Given the demographic and cultural heterogeneities in Nepal, it is crucial to model Nepal SRB on the subnational level. Prior studies on subnational SRB in Nepal are mostly based on reporting observed values from surveys and census, and no study has provided probabilistic projections. We aim to estimate and project SRB for the seven provinces of Nepal from 1980 to 2050 using a Bayesian modeling approach. We compiled an extensive database on provincial SRB of Nepal, consisting 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys and 2011 Census. We adopted a Bayesian hierarchical time series model to estimate and project the provincial SRB, with a focus on modelling the potential SRB imbalance. In 2016, the highest SRB is estimated in Province 5 at 1.102 with a 95% credible interval (1.044, 1.127) and the lowest SRB is in Province 2 at 1.053 (1.035, 1.109). The SRB imbalance probabilities in all provinces are generally low and vary from 16% in Province 2 to 81% in Province 5. SRB imbalances are estimated to have begun at the earliest in 2001 in Province 5 with a 95% credible interval (1992, 2022) and the latest in 2017 (1998, 2040) in Province 2. We project SRB in all provinces to begin converging back to the national baseline in the mid-2030s. Our findings imply that the majority of provinces in Nepal have low risks of SRB imbalance for the period 1980-2016. However, we identify a few provinces with higher probabilities of having SRB inflation. The projected SRB is an important illustration of potential future prenatal sex discrimination and shows the need to monitor SRB in provinces with higher possibilities of SRB imbalance.
Postmerger Mass Ejection of Low-mass Binary Neutron Stars

We study the postmerger mass ejection of low-mass binary neutron stars (NSs) with the system mass of 2.5 M ⊙ and subsequent nucleosynthesis by performing general-relativistic, neutrino-radiation viscous-hydrodynamics simulations in axial symmetry. We find that the merger remnants are long-lived massive NSs surviving more than several seconds, irrespective of the nuclear equations of state (EOSs) adopted. The ejecta masses of our fiducial models are ∼0.06–0.1 M ⊙ (depending on the EOS), being ∼30% of the initial disk masses (∼0.15–0.3 M ⊙). Postprocessing nucleosynthesis calculations indicate that the ejecta is composed mainly of light r-process nuclei with small amounts of lanthanides (mass fraction ∼0.002–0.004) and heavier species due to the modest average electron fraction (∼0.32–0.34) for a reasonable value of the viscous coefficient. Such abundance distributions are compatible with those in weak r-process stars such as HD 122563 but not with the solar r-process-like abundance patterns found in all measured r-process-enhanced metal-poor stars. Therefore, low-mass binary NS mergers should be rare. If such low-mass NS mergers occur, their electromagnetic counterparts, kilonovae, will be characterized by an early bright blue emission because of the large ejecta mass as well as the small lanthanide fraction. We also show, however, that if the effective turbulent viscosity is very high, the electron fraction of the ejecta could be low enough that the solar r-process-like abundance pattern is reproduced and the lanthanide fraction becomes so high that the kilonova would be characterized by early bright blue and late bright red emissions.
Mucilage acts to adhere cyanobacteria and cultured plant cells to biological and inert surfaces

The surfaces of cells of several species of cyanobacteria have been studied using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and have been shown to be covered in a layer of hydrated mucilage. This mucilage is observed in specimens of Anabaena azollae adhering to plant cells in their natural symbiotic niche (the cavity of the fronds of Azolla species) and in samples of the various species of cyanobacteria immobilised on polyurethane and polyvinyl support matrices. The mucilage appears to maintain the close contact observed between the cyanobacteria and these surfaces. Comparable films observed surrounding plant cells immobilised on similar polymeric surfaces are considered to be performing a similar function.
Infection of Sitka spruce stumps by spores of Heterobasidion annosum: control by means of urea

Summary The ability of a 17 per cent solution of urea to protect Sitka spruce stumps against infection by spores of H. annosum was tested on 24 sites throughout Scotland and north England. After treatment, stumps were either inoculated with basidiospores or exposed to natural infection. Urea failed to reduce the incidence of infection arising from inoculation but it reduced the level of natural infection by two-thirds from a mean of 8.8 per cent to 3.5 per cent. In inoculated stumps that became infected, urea significantly increased the extent of colonization, particularly on peat soils, but this effect was not detected in naturally infected stumps. The fungus was largely confined to the heartwood and it is suggested that colonization may have been stimulated by the addition of nitrogen. It is concluded that urea provides an effective means of control against present ambient spore loads.
Digestion by sheep of silages prepared from mixtures of tropical grasses and legumes

SUMMARY Four silage diets were prepared from tropical grass and legume mixtures and fed to intestinally fistulated sheep to determine the sites and extent of digestion of the different silage components in the digestive tract. Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens) was ensiled either alone or with the addition, 33% (w/w), of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Cunningham), gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata cv. Caloona). All forages were grown at the University of Queensland farm in 1985. All silages were well preserved as indicated by low pH (< 4·1), ammonia N (< 9% total N), acetic acid (< 13 g/kg dry matter (DM)) and ethanol (< 19 g/kg DM) contents, and high DM (> 290 g/kg) and lactic acid (> 41 g/kg DM) contents. The inclusion of leucaena and gliricidia significantly increased the total N content of the silages. The addition of legumes at ensiling significantly increased rumen ammonia N (pangola 59 mg N/l, legume diets 110–115 mg N/l) and the proportion of propionic acid in rumen fluid. Sheep given pangola + leucaena silages had significantly higher DM intakes (66·3 g/kg W0·75 per day) than sheep given pangola and pangola + cowpea silages (52·4 and 53·2 g/kg W0·75 per day respectively). The inclusion of gliricidia significantly depressed silage intake (43·1 g/kg W0·75 per day). There were no significant effects of diet on DM (551–609 g/kg) and organic matter (550–612 g/rkg) digestibility. Sheep given pangola + leucaena silages had higher N intakes, N balances, rates and efficiencies of microbial N synthesis and total non-ammonia N (NAN) flows to the small intestine than did sheep given the other silages. Apparent degradabilities of silage N in the rumen were similar for all diets (0·491–0·559 g N/kg N intake), but sheep given pangola + leucaena silages had lower true (corrected for endogenous N) N degradabilities (0·648 g N/kg N intake) than those given the other diets (0·751–0·775 g N/kg N intake). The values obtained in this experiment were compared with those reported for temperate grass silages, and it was concluded that whilst the digestibility of tropical grass/legume silages was low, intakes and rumen fermentation characteristics were similar to those found for temperate grass silages.
Urgent endoscopy in children: epidemiology in a large region of France

Abstract Background and study aims The real burden of urgent endoscopy in children has not been studied yet. Our aim was to evaluate the need for urgent endoscopy in children. Patients and methods Information was collected about all the calls that were received during the 24 hour on-call shift for pediatric endoscopy in the region of Ile-de-France (12.1 million inhabitants) during a 6 months period (February-July 2017). Results A total of 237 calls (19 calls/y/100,000 children) were collected regarding children of an average age of 3.2 years (range 2 days-18 years). Most of the calls (68 %) were for foreign body ingestions. Gastroscopy was required in 32 % of children: 24 % of those calling for foreign body ingestion, 48 % for gastrointestinal bleeding, 63 % for caustic ingestions (P = 0.01). The average time between the call and the urgent endoscopy were below the international recommendations for each situation. Conclusions Calling the endoscopist seems to have become a recurrent practice, although in most cases, urgent endoscopy did not appear necessary, especially for foreign body ingestion. This organization of pediatric endoscopy on call was able to guarantee the performance of urgent endoscopy in adequate timing for a highly populated region.
Emergency room endotracheal intubation in children with bronchiolitis: A cohort study using a multicenter database

Bronchiolitis and asthma have a clinical overlap, and it has been shown that pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients with asthma undergoing endotracheal intubation in a community hospital emergency room (ER) have a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) and PICU length of stay (LOS) vs children undergoing intubation in a children's hospital. We aimed to determine if the setting of intubation (community vs children's hospital ER) is associated with the duration of MV and PICU LOS among children with bronchiolitis.
Colostral and foal serum immunoglobulin G levels and associations with perinatal abnormalities in heavy draft horses in Japan

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to elucidate the colostral and foal serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration values in heavy draft horses in Japan and to examine the effects of peripartum mare condition on colostral immunity. Colostrum was obtained 1 hr after foaling (pre-suckling; n=178). Blood was collected from the jugular vein of the foals (n=147) at 24 to 48 hr after birth. The foaling statuses of 73 mares were recorded. The average colostral IgG concentration was 10,540 ± 3,190 mg/dl (median=10,928; range 1,434−17,514 mg/dl). The average serum IgG concentration obtained from neonatal foals 24 to 48 hr after birth was 1,750 ± 919 mg/dl (median=1,890; range 0−3,510 mg/dl). Although colostral IgG did not differ between the normal foaling mare (n=59) and dystocial mare (n=14), foal serum IgG was lower in foals born in dystocia than in foals in normal foaling (P<0.05). This study demonstrates reference values for colostral and foal serum IgG specific to heavy draft horses in Japan and suggests that dystocia may interfere with the acquisition of colostral immunity in neonatal foals.
Diferentes origens do Hormônio Folículo Estimulante (FSH) influenciam a viabilidade e o desenvolvimento de folículos pré-antrais caprinos

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pituitary (pFSH) or recombinant (rFSH) FSH on the survival and growth of caprine preantral follicles. Caprine ovarian tissues were in vitro cultured for one or seven days in Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) alone or containing 10, 50, 100 and 1000 ng/ml of pFSH or rFSH. Control tissues (non-cultured) and those cultured were processed for histological and ultrastructural studies. In addition, follicular and oocyte diameter were analysed. After seven days of culture, only 50 ng/ml of rFSH maintained the percentage of normal follicles similar to control. Moreover, 10 ng/ml of pFSH and all the concentrations of rFSH promoted primordial follicles activation. In addition, the presence of 50 ng/ml of rFSH promoted the highest follicular diameter at day seven of culture. In conclusion, 50 ng/ml of rFSH maintained the ultrastructural integrity of caprine preantral follicles, promoted primordial follicles activation and further growth of cultured follicles.
Morphometric measurements of the feet of working donkeys Equus asinus in Egypt

ABSTRACT Working equids rely on sound, balanced hooves, but data describing the typical morphology of the legs and feet of working donkeys are currently lacking. To address this gap in knowledge, the front and hind feet of twenty healthy working donkeys were measured and compared. Hoof width, weight-bearing lengths, heel width, dorsal hoof wall length and lateral and medial heel length of the hoof wall were determined, as well as toe angle, heel angle, hoof pastern axis, coronary band angle and a measure of ‘ground surface size’. Viewed from the ground surface of the foot, front feet were more rounded and significantly larger than hind feet. Measures of medial-lateral balance and toe-heel angle ratio were within the recommended healthy guidelines for horses. Hoof pastern axis was broken forward for the studied animals, which supports previous research suggesting that a broken forward hoof pastern axis is normal for donkeys, although further study would be required to confirm whether this conformation is natural. Significant correlations were found between estimated body mass and hoof width in both the front and hind feet. These measurements provide valuable insight into the relationship between hoof and body characteristics, which may aid the development of guidelines for the trimming and management of working donkey hooves. Further study is, however, advised to confirm natural hoof conformation.
Potency Evaluation of Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas fluorescens as Biocontrol Agents for Root-knot Nematodes in Egypt

4 Abstract: A number of bacterial species, isolated from either root-knot nematodes conductive or suppressive soil of different localities in Egypt, were evaluated for suppression of Meloidogyne incognita, the causal agent of root-knot of faba bean. Nine isolates of 50 bacterial isolates significantly reduced nematode larvae population in soil belonging to Meloidogyne spp. Death percentage of nematode larvae ranged from 54.7% to 96.25%. Two potent bacterial isolates with higher nematocidal activity were selected and identified as Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas fluorescens using morphological and biochemical diagnosis tests. The identification was confirmed by genetic characterization, applying molecular finger printing of DNA of both isolates. RAPD sequencing and PCR sequencing analysis revealed genetic variation among the two isolates. The effect of bacterial treatment as bio-control agent on the development of Meloidogyne incognita infecting faba bean was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Both Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas fluorescens were effective as bio-control agent and significantly reduced the incidence of root-knot disease in soil artificially infested with Meloidogyne incognita. All bacterial treatments significantly increased all growth parameters in the presence or absence of the pathogen. The application of the bio-control agents increases shoot and root dry weight, number of nodules and number of pods. The study indicated that Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas fluorescens were potent as bio-control agents for root-knot nematodes, the production of local Egyptian inoculums of both bacterial species as a safe bio-control agents for the root-knot disease is possible.
Solver-in-the-Loop: Learning from Differentiable Physics to Interact with Iterative PDE-Solvers

Finding accurate solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs) is a crucial task in all scientific and engineering disciplines. It has recently been shown that machine learning methods can improve the solution accuracy by correcting for effects not captured by the discretized PDE. We target the problem of reducing numerical errors of iterative PDE solvers and compare different learning approaches for finding complex correction functions. We find that previously used learning approaches are significantly outperformed by methods that integrate the solver into the training loop and thereby allow the model to interact with the PDE during training. This provides the model with realistic input distributions that take previous corrections into account, yielding improvements in accuracy with stable rollouts of several hundred recurrent evaluation steps and surpassing even tailored supervised variants. We highlight the performance of the differentiable physics networks for a wide variety of PDEs, from non-linear advection-diffusion systems to three-dimensional Navier-Stokes flows.
The importance of macrophyte bed size for cladoceran composition and horizontal migration in a shallow lake

Cladoceran composition and did horizontal migration were studied in 2,10 and 25 m diam- eter macrophyte exclosures established in the littoral zone of shallow Lake Stigsholm, Denmark. The exclosures were protected from waterfowl grazing, but open to fish. The macrophyte community com- prised Polamogeton pectinatus, Potamogeton pusillus and Callitriche hermaphroditica. Cladocerans were sampled randomly every third hour inside and outside the macrophyte exclosures during a 24 h period. In the 2 m exclosure, the pelagic species Ceriodaphnia spp. and Bosmina spp. dominated during the day, mean density being as high as 3430 indiv. h1. During the night, density decreased to 10-20% of the daytime density, thus indicating diel horizontal migration. In the 10 and 25 m exclosures, the daytime mean density of Ceriodaphnia spp. was 865 and 202 indiv. h1, respectively, and did not decrease at night. In contrast to the pelagic species, the density of macrophyte-as sociated species tended to be higher in the 10 and 25 m exclosure than in the 2 m exclosure. In the daytime, Eurycer- cus lamellatus density in the 2,10 and 25 m macrophyte exclosures was 7,28 and 16 indiv. H, respec- tively, while that of Simocephalus vetulus was 11, 171 and 92 indiv. I"1, respectively. There was no day-night difference in the density of macrophyte-associated species. We conclude that cladoceran community composition varies with macrophyte bed size, and that the edge zone between the bed and open water is an important daytime refuge for potentially migrating pelagic cladocerans.
The Hermes BFT for Blockchains

The performance of partially synchronous BFT-based consensus protocols is highly dependent on the primary node. All participant nodes in the network are blocked until they receive a proposal from the primary node to begin the consensus process. Therefore, an honest but slack node (with limited bandwidth) can adversely affect the performance when selected as primary. <italic>Hermes</italic>decreases protocol dependency on the primary node and minimizes transmission delay induced by the slack primary while keeping low message complexity and latency with high scalability. Hermes achieves these performance improvements by relaxing strong BFT agreement (safety) guarantees only for a specific type of Byzantine faults (also called equivocated faults). Interestingly, we show that in Hermes equivocating by a Byzantine primary is <italic>expensive</italic> and <italic>ineffective</italic>. Therefore, the safety of Hermes is comparable to the general BFT consensus. We deployed and tested Hermes on 190 Amazon <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$EC2$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="feng-ieq1-3114310.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> instances. In these tests, Hermes’s performance was comparable to the state-of-the-art BFT protocol for blockchains (when the network size is large) in the absence of slack nodes. Whereas, in the presence of slack nodes Hermes outperforms the state-of-the-art BFT protocol significantly in terms of throughput and latency.
Effect of Microwaves on Some Gram Negative and Gram Positive Bacteria

In this study, suspension of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus cereus NRRL 3711 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 were exposed to microwave. The degrees of inactivation by the various time, initial bacterial cells amount and different power of microwave were compared systematically. Maximum efficiency of microwave was observed at 60 sec exposure time, 1.0 x 10 8 initial bacterial cells, and full power (900 W) for E.coli cells. Experimental data shows that microwaves apparently produced lethal effects on the examined bacteria by heat generated during microwave exposure. Water activity was not changed microwave efficiency for the each examined bacteria under the determined optimum conditions.