Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-radial pulsation in first overtone Cepheids of the Small Magellanic Cloud

We analyse photometry for 138 first overtone Cepheids from the Small Magellanic Cloud, in which Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) team discovered additional variability with period shorter than first overtone period, and period ratios in the (0.60, 0.65) range. In the Petersen diagram these stars form three well separated sequences. The additional variability cannot correspond to other radial mode. This form of pulsation is still puzzling. We find that amplitude of the additional variability is small, typically 2-4 per cent of the first overtone amplitude, which corresponds to 2-5 mmag. In some stars we find simultaneously two close periodicities corresponding to two sequences in the Petersen diagram. The most important finding is the detection of power excess at half the frequency of the additional variability (at subharmonic) in 35 per cent of the analysed stars. Interestingly, power excess at subharmonic frequency is detected mostly for stars of the middle sequence in the Petersen diagram (74 per cent), incidence rate is much lower for stars of the top sequence (31 per cent), and phenomenon is not detected for stars of the bottom sequence. The amplitude and/or phase of the additional periodicities strongly vary in time. Similar form of pulsation is observed in first overtone RR Lyrae stars. Our results indicate that the nature and cause of this form of pulsation is the same in the two groups of classical pulsators; consequently, a common model explaining this form of pulsation should be searched for. Our results favour the theory of the excitation of non-radial modes of angular degrees 7, 8 and 9, proposed recently by Dziembowski.
Representation of Nature of Science in Physics Textbooks of Cycle 4 Fundamental Schools in Burundi

Guided by the analytical framework in the current literature, whereby ten nature of science (NOS) aspects were targeted, this study aims at assessing the extent to which the three physics textbooks for Cycle 4 of Fundamental Schools in Burundi represent the NOS aspects. The quantitative embedded research design which combines the qualitative and quantitative to both the representations of text and images were applied to collect and analyses data. Three physics textbooks used in this study as textbooks I, II and III (grade 7 textbook, grade 8 textbook and grade 9 textbook) were purposively selected. 65 physics lessons were analyzed in three steps including exploring representations of NOS aspects, representations of NOS teaching approaches and accuracy and completeness of NOS aspects. Data were collected using a guide document analysis and a rubric of NOS scoring and were analysed descriptively. The findings found a considerable deficit of NOS aspects in the physics textbooks. The findings also revealed the critical situation where the few lessons poorly represent the NOS aspects and the majority of them do not include the aspects of NOS. Furthermore, this study suggests the in-charge of quality assurance to evaluate and deliberate on the accuracy and completeness of physics textbooks for Cycle 4 of Fundamental Education in Burundi.
Electro-mechanical properties of REBCO coated conductors from various industrial manufacturers at 77 K, self-field and 4.2 K, 19 T

Rare-Earth-barium–copper–oxide tapes are now available from several industrial manufacturers and are very promising conductors in high field applications. Due to diverging materials and deposition processes, these manufacturers’ tapes can be expected to differ in their electro-mechanical and mechanical properties. For magnets designers, these are together with the conductors’ in-field critical current performance of the highest importance in choosing a suitable conductor. In this work, the strain and stress dependence of the current carrying capabilities as well as the stress and strain correlation are investigated for commercial coated conductors from Bruker HTS, Fujikura, SuNAM, SuperOx and SuperPower at 77 K, self-field and 4.2 K, 19 T.
Planetary nebulae in the Small Magellanic Cloud

We analyse the planetary nebulae (PNe) population of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), based on evolutionary models of stars with metallicities in the range $10^{-3} \leq Z \leq 4\times 10^{-3}$ and mass $0.9 M\odot < M < 8M\odot$, evolved through the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase. The models used account for dust formation in the circumstellar envelope. To characterise the PNe sample of the SMC, we compare the observed abundances of the various species with the final chemical composition of the AGB models: this study allows us to identify the progenitors of the PNe observed, in terms of mass and chemical composition. According to our interpretation, most of the PNe descend from low-mass ($M < 2 M\odot$) stars, which become carbon rich, after experiencing repeated third dredge-up episodes, during the AGB phase. A fraction of the PNe showing the signature of advanced CNO processing are interpreted as the progeny of massive AGB stars, with mass above $\sim 6 M\odot$, undergoing strong hot bottom burning. The differences with the chemical composition of the PNe population of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is explained on the basis of the diverse star formation history and age-metallicity relation of the two galaxies. The implications of the present study for some still highly debated points regarding the AGB evolution are also commented.
Lattice calculation of the decay of primordial Higgs condensate

We study the resonant decay of the primordial Standard Model Higgs condensate after inflation into SU(2) gauge bosons on the lattice. We find that the non-Abelian interactions between the gauge bosons quickly extend the momentum distribution towards high values, efficiently destroying the condensate after the onset of backreaction. For the inflationary scale H = 108 GeV, we find that 90% of the Higgs condensate has decayed after n∼ 10 oscillation cycles. This differs significantly from the Abelian case where, given the same coupling strengths, most of the condensate would persist after the resonance.
HUBBLE CONSTANT, LENSING, AND TIME DELAY IN RELATIVISTIC MODIFIED NEWTONIAN DYNAMICS

The time delay in galaxy gravitational lensing systems has been used to determine the value of the Hubble constant. As with other dynamical phenomena on the galaxy scale, dark matter is often invoked in gravitational lensing to account for the “missing mass” (the apparent discrepancy between the dynamical mass and the luminous mass). Alternatively, modified gravity can be used to explain the discrepancy. In this paper, we adopt the tensor–vector–scalar gravity (TeVe S), a relativistic version of Modified Newtonian Dynamics, to study gravitational lensing phenomena and derive the formulae needed to evaluate the Hubble constant. We test our method on quasar lensing by elliptical galaxies in the literature. We focus on double-image systems with time delay measurement. Three candidates are suitable for our study: HE 2149−2745, FBQ J0951+2635, and SBS 0909+532. The Hubble constant obtained is consistent with the value used to fit the cosmic microwave background result in a neutrino cosmological model.
Evaluation of Agar Dilution Method in Susceptibility Testing of Polymyxins for Enterobacteriaceae and Non-Fermentative Rods: Advantages Compared to Broth Microdilution and Broth Macrodilution

An accurate and reliable susceptibility testing method for polymyxins is urgently needed not only for the clinical laboratory but also for new polymyxin-like lipopeptide development. Reference broth microdilution (rBMD), which was the recommended method by CLSI-EUCAST in clinics, has been proven not to be ideal, while the agar dilution (AD) method that was widely used in new antibiotics discovery has been neglected. In the present study, the AD method was compared with rBMD and broth macrodilution (BMAD) in susceptibility testing of polymyxin B and colistin against >200 Gram-negative isolates. AD showed strong agreement with BMAD for colistin (except for Klebsiella aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa); however, its performance was poor for polymyxin B or compared to rBMD. MICs of AD method were not affected when different types of Petri dishes were used, while glass-bottom microtiter plates could lower the MIC of polymyxins 2–8 times compared to tissue-culture-treated polystyrene plates when using rBMD, which demonstrated that tissue-culture-treated plates were not suitable. It was then validated with non-tissue-culture-treated plates. The culture volume was another influencing factor of accuracy for rBMD, and 200 μL seemed to be the most suitable volume for MIC detection of polymyxins. Additionally, no lack of growth phenomenon (skipped well) was observed for AD when it frequently occurred for both BMAD and rBMD. As for strains carrying mcr-1 gene, 100% of AD results were in essential agreement (EA) and categorical agreement (CA) with both rBMD and BMAD. Overall, rBMD is convenient and widely accepted for susceptibility testing of polymyxins. Although it may be too early to say that AD is superior compared to rBMD and BMAD, it did show some advantages in repeatability and anti-interference ability.
Relativistic dynamics and quark-nuclear physics

RELATIVISTIC DYNAMICS: Nonrelativistic and Relativistic Multiple Scattering The Meson Theory of Nuclear Forces and Nuclear Matter Electronuclear Reactions and Meson Exchange Currents Relativistic Meson-Nucleon Models: Applications to Bound and Scattering States Antiproton Physics at Intermediate Energy Development of the Dirac Scattering Approach Implications of Dirac Nuclear Structure for Electron Scattering A Relativistic Schematic Model of Nuclear Structure in Light Nuclei Studies of Nuclear Structure Using a Finite Range Dirac Interaction Relativistic and Nonrelativistic Dynamics in the (e,e'p) Reaction A Dynamical Basis for NN Amplitudes and Dirac Optical Potentials Relativistic vs Nonrelativistic Models of Proton-Nucleus Inelastic Scattering Recent Experimental Results in (e,e'p) Antiprotons Are Another Matter QUARK-NUCLEAR PHYSICS: Deep Inelastic Scattering with Application to Nuclear Targets Nuclear Physics from the Quark Model with Chromodynamics Hadronic Matter on a Lattice Low Energy Phenomenology with Skyrmions Nuclear Force in a Quark Model Two Baryon Systems in the Nonrelativistic Quark Model Covariant Condensate Wave Functions in the Skyrme Model Nuclei in the Skyrme Model.
Doubled Color Codes

We show how to perform a fault-tolerant universal quantum computation in 2D architectures using only transversal unitary operators and local syndrome measurements. Our approach is based on a doubled version of the 2D color code. It enables a transversal implementation of all logical gates in the Clifford+T basis using the gauge fixing method proposed recently by Paetznick and Reichardt. The gauge fixing requires six-qubit parity measurements for Pauli operators supported on faces of the honeycomb lattice with two qubits per site. Doubled color codes are promising candidates for the experimental demonstration of logical gates since they do not require state distillation. Secondly, we propose a Maximum Likelihood algorithm for the error correction and gauge fixing tasks that enables a numerical simulation of logical circuits in the Clifford+T basis. The algorithm can be used in the online regime such that a new error syndrome is revealed at each time step. We estimate the average number of logical gates that can be implemented reliably for the smallest doubled color code and a toy noise model that includes depolarizing memory errors and syndrome measurement errors.
A stochastic model for the topology discovery of tree networks ?

A model describing the discovery via traceroute of the topology of an Internet access network with a tree structure composed of N nodes is proposed in this paper. We speci(cid:12)cally assume that p hosts connected to the network exchange traceroute messages. This simple model allows us to assess the e(cid:14)ciency of traceroute procedures for topology discovery. Under some stochastic assumptions, explicit analytical expressions are obtained for the mean number of discovered routers. Several tree architectures are then discussed, when the total number of routers gets large; in particular, asymptotic expansions are derived when N tends to in(cid:12)nity while the ratio p=N is (cid:12)xed.
Direct Power Control Based on Point of Common Coupling Voltage Modulation for Grid-Tied AC Microgrid PV Inverter

In this paper, a direct power control (DPC) approach is proposed for grid-tied AC MG’s photovoltaic (PV) voltage source inverter (VSI) to regulate directly active and reactive powers by modulating microgrid’s (MG) point of common coupling (PCC) voltage. The proposed PCC voltage modulated (PVM) theory-based DPC method (PVMT-DPC) is composed of nonlinear PVM, nonlinear damping, conventional feedforward, and feedback PI controllers. For grid synchronization rather than employing phase-locked-loop (PLL) technology, in this study, direct power calculation of the PCC voltage and current is adopted. Subsequently, at PCC, the computed real and reactive powers are compared with reference powers in order to generate the VSI’s control signals using sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM). Because of the absence of the PLL and DPC method adoption, the suggested controller has a faster convergence rate compared to traditional VSI power controllers. Additionally, it displays nearly zero steady-state power oscillations, which assures that MG’s power quality is improved significantly. To validate the proposed PVMT-DPC method’s performance real-time simulations are conducted via a real-time digital simulator (RTDS) for a variety of cases. The results demonstrate that PV VSI using the suggested PVMT-DPC approach can track the reference power quicker (0.055 s) along with very low steady-state power oscillations, and lower total harmonic distortion (THD) of 1.697% at VSI output current.
Recommendations for Monte Carlo nucleosynthesis sampling (Research Note)

Context. Recent reaction rate evaluations include reaction rate uncertainties that have been determined in a statistically meaningful manner. Furthermore, reaction rate probability density distributions have been determined and published in the form of lognormal parameters with the specific goal of pursuing Monte Carlo nucleosynthesis studies. Aims. A variety of methods is available for randomly sampling over reaction rate probability densities. The aim of this work is to investigate these methods and determine the most accurate method for estimating elemental abundance uncertainties. Methods. Experimental Monte Carlo reaction rates are first computed for the 22 Ne+ , 20 Ne(p, ) 21 Na, 25 Mg(p, ) 26 Al, and 18 F(p, ) 15 O reactions, which are used to calculate reference nucleosynthesis yields for 16 nuclei a ected by nucleosynthesis in massive stars and classical novae. Five di erent methods of randomly sampling over these reaction rate probability distributions are then developed, tested, and compared with the reference nucleosynthesis yields. Results. Given that the reaction rate probability density distributions can be described accurately with a lognormal distribution, Monte Carlo nucleosynthesis variations arising from the parametrised estimates for the reaction rate variations agree remarkably well with those obtained from the true rate samples. Most significantly, the most simple parametrisation agrees within just a few percent, meaning that Monte Carlo nucleosynthesis studies can be performed reliably using lognormal parametrisations of reaction rate probability density functions.
Early Birds in Elementary School? School Start Times and Outcomes for Younger Students

While research supports later start times for secondary schools, there is little evidence regarding start times for elementary schools. We address this gap with a statewide examination of elementary schools and a quasi-experimental analysis of an urban district that recently changed its elementary start times. We find that earlier start times predict less sleep for students. Regarding academic outcomes, our estimates are small in magnitude and suggest that earlier elementary start times have near-zero effects. Earlier start times predict a slight increase in absences and modestly higher math scores, especially for traditionally disadvantaged students. In districts that need to stagger start times, it may be advisable for elementary schools to start earlier to accommodate later secondary school start times.
The role pickup ions play in the termination shock

The termination shock (TS) is a quasi‐perpendicular shock with broad regions on both sides that are populated by high energy ions. These energetic particles play an important role in the formation of the TS structure, which distinguishes it from planetary bow shocks. The pressure of the pickup ions is calculated by solving numerically the Vlasov equation in a time‐stationary one‐dimensional model shock with the parameters taken from the TS observations. The solution is obtained by backward tracing of the ion trajectories in the shock front. It is found that, in order to maintain the shock stationarity, the upstream density of the pickup ions should be comparable to the density of the solar wind protons.
A BINARY ORBIT FOR THE MASSIVE, EVOLVED STAR HDE 326823, A WR+O SYSTEM PROGENITOR

The hot star HDE 326823 is a candidate transition-phase object that is evolving into a nitrogen-enriched Wolf–Rayet star. It is also a known low-amplitude, photometric variable with a 6.123 day period. We present new, high- and moderate-resolution spectroscopy of HDE 326823, and we show that the absorption lines show coherent Doppler shifts with this period while the emission lines display little or no velocity variation. We interpret the absorption line shifts as the orbital motion of the apparently brighter star in a close, interacting binary. We argue that this star is losing mass to a mass gainer star hidden in a thick accretion torus and to a circumbinary disk that is the source of the emission lines. HDE 326823 probably belongs to a class of objects that produce short-period WR+O binaries.
A Unified Multiview Spectral Feature Learning Framework for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Recent progress in spectral classification is dominated by the use of deep learning models. While various learning architectures have been developed, they all extract spectral features from a single-view input. In this article, we investigate a different perspective and develop a unified multiview spectral feature learning framework, which extracts discriminative spectral features from multiple views of inputs. To our knowledge, this is the first reported multiview spectral feature learning method based on deep learning. In this framework, we introduce a multiview spectrum construction method by transforming the input spectral vector into multiple 3-D image patches with different sizes, termed multiview spectrum. This multiview spectrum is fed to a well-designed triple-stream architecture, where global and two local spectral feature learning networks operate in parallel, thus capturing both global and local spectral contextual features simultaneously. Another important contribution of this work is a novel interactive attention mechanism to identify the most informative spectral contextual features. The model is trained in an end-to-end fashion from scratch with a joint loss. Experimental results on four datasets demonstrate excellent performance compared to the current state of the art.
Empirical Estimation of ETSI ITS-G5 Performance Over an IPv6-based Platform

Intelligent transport systems (ITS) promise to leverage wireless communications among vehicles. Performance of wireless communication is of crucial importance and can severely impact safety, efficiency and infotainment of transport applications. In this paper, in order to promote the usage of IPv6 in vehicular networks, we deploy a wireless communication framework in a Linux environment based on the Internet protocol (IP). Further, we evaluate the behaviour of the ITS-G5 in various stationary and mobile scenarios to investigate the impact of environmental and radio factors on the performance of ITS-G5. Several measurements such as inter-reception time (IRT), packet loss, latency, end-to-end (E2E) latency, reception position error (RPE), and throughput are carried out to discover the limitations and strength of the technology in a real world test-bed.
Counting periodic orbits of Anosov flows in free homotopy classes

The main result of this article is that if a $3$-manifold $M$ supports an Anosov flow, then the number of conjugacy classes in the fundamental group of $M$ grows exponentially fast with the length of the shortest orbit representative, hereby answering a question raised by Plante and Thurston in 1972. In fact we show that, when the flow is transitive, the exponential growth rate is exactly the topological entropy of the flow. We also show that taking only the shortest orbit representatives in each conjugacy classes still yields Bowen's version of the measure of maximal entropy. These results are achieved by obtaining counting results on the growth rate of the number of periodic orbits inside a free homotopy class. In the first part of the article, we also construct many examples of Anosov flows having some finite and some infinite free homotopy classes of periodic orbits, and we also give a characterization of algebraic Anosov flows as the only $\mathbb{R}$-covered Anosov flows up to orbit equivalence that do not admit at least one infinite free homotopy class of periodic orbits.
Scattering of radial data in the focusing NLS and generalized Hartree equations

We consider the focusing nonlinear Schrodinger equation $i u_t + \Delta u + |u|^{p-1}u=0$, $p>1,$ and the generalized Hartree equation $iv_t + \Delta v + (|x|^{-(N-\gamma)}\ast |v|^p)|v|^{p-2}u=0$, $p\geq2$, $\gamma<N$, in the mass-supercritical and energy-subcritical setting. With the initial data $u_0\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^N)$ the characterization of solutions behavior under the mass-energy threshold is known for the NLS case from the works of Holmer and Roudenko in the radial [16] and Duyckaerts, Holmer and Roudenko in the nonradial setting [10] and further generalizations (see [1,11,14]); for the generalized Hartree case it is developed in [2]. In particular, scattering is proved following the road map developed by Kenig and Merle [17], using the concentration compactness and rigidity approach, which is now standard in the dispersive problems. In this work we give an alternative proof of scattering for both NLS and gHartree equations in the radial setting in the inter-critical regime, following the approach of Dodson and Murphy [8] for the focusing 3d cubic NLS equation, which relies on the scattering criterion of Tao [27], combined with the radial Sobolev and Morawetz-type estimates. We first generalize it in the NLS case, and then extend it to the nonlocal Hartree-type potential. This method provides a simplified way to prove scattering, which may be useful in other contexts.
Time Series Forecasting Using Holt-Winters Exponential Smoothing: Application to Abaca Fiber Data

This study utilized the data on abaca fiber production and used Holt-Winters model to forecast the abaca fiber production since the studied variable is characterized by a fairly strong intensity of seasonality. For the construction of forecasts, additive and multiplicative models were used. The most accurate forecasts were selected on the basis of Mean Square Error, Root Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Percentage Error, and Mean Absolute Scaled Error. It was found that the multiplicative method had a higher accuracy, hence it was utilized to forecast the production for the next three years. According to the findings, the anticipated fiber production for 2021-2023 showed an increase up to the second quarter, but then declining afterwards.