Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tenfold increase in the fusion triple product caused by doubling of toroidal magnetic field in the spherical tokamak Globus-M2

The current work reports on the significant rise of the fusion triple product in experiments carried out on the compact spherical tokamak (ST) Globus-M2 with a twofold increase in the toroidal magnetic field. A tenfold rise in the n . T . τ E product was recorded during an increase in the magnetic field from 0.4 to 0.8 T and the plasma current from 0.25 to 0.4 MA at an unchanged auxiliary heating power value. Limited reasons may affect this positive trend, among which are energy confinement improvement and an increase in the efficiency of neutral beam heating. Despite the increase in the magnetic field, the neutral beam injection (NBI) led to clear and reproducible transition to the H-mode accompanied by a decrease in the turbulence level at the plasma edge. It was experimentally confirmed that strong dependence of the energy confinement time on the magnetic field value is conserved at a higher magnetic field approaching 0.8 T. Enhancement of energy confinement is connected to a collisionality (ν *) decrease. While for conventional tokamaks the confinement dependence on collisionality becomes weaker with decreasing ν * dependence, in the ST, in contrast, we observe its strengthening.
Low-redshift Type Ia Supernova from the LSQ/LCO Collaboration

This paper is the data release of a new sample of 140 type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the LaSilla-QUEST/Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) collaboration. The discovery of the supernovae came from the LaSilla-QUEST variability survey, the ASASSN survey, as well as smaller low redshift supernova surveys. All of the supernovae in this sample were spectroscopically identified as SNe Ia using spectra from the PESSTO survey using the 3.5 m NTT telescope at LaSilla and spectra from the LCO 2 m Faulkes telescopes. The light-curves were obtained from a rapid cadence photometric follow up of the supernovae with the 9 LCO 1 m telescopes located at various observatories around the globe. Reference images of the host galaxies were taken approximately a year after the supernova have faded to allow precise galaxy background subtraction from the supernova magnitudes. The supernovae in this sample were discovered over a seven year period from 2012 October to 2019 June, and the last galaxy reference images were taken before 2020 June.
Fertilizer Application, Climate Change and Rice Production in Rural Java

Increasing rice production has always been the target of the Indonesian government in maintaining food security. Fertilizer application is a widely accepted strategy to sustain or improve rice production. The use of fertilizers can also have an impact on climate change and decrease soil fertility. This study aims to examine whether the fertilizer application and climate change affect rice production in rural Java. This study applies Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model to analyze the primary data collected from 4 main rice producer areas in Central Java and East Java Province. The results show that the current seed use and organic fertilizer have positive impact on rice production. The current use of pesticide and chemical fertilizer has negative effect. Rainfall shock as a proxy of climate change does not have any effect to rice production. This is due to farmers in the study area already having mitigation strategy to avoid the negative impact of climate change, particularly rainfall shock.
Interferometric Imaging of λ Andromedae: Evidence of Starspots and Rotation

Presented are the first interferometric images of cool starspots on the chromospherically active giant λ Andromedae. Using the Michigan Infra-Red Combiner coupled to the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy Array, 26 interferometric observations were made between 2008 August 17 and 2011 September 24. The photometric time series acquired at Fairborn Observatory spanning 2008 September 20 to 2011 January 20 is also presented. The angular diameter and power-law limb-darkening coefficient of this star are 2.759 ± 0.050 mas and 0.229 ± 0.111, respectively. Starspot properties are obtained from both modeled and SQUEEZE reconstructed images. The images from 2010 through 2011 show anywhere from one to four starspots. The cadence in the data for the 2010 and 2011 data sets is sufficient to measure a stellar rotation period based on apparent starspot motion. This leads to estimates of the rotation period (P 2010 = 61 ± 4.0 days, P 2011 = 54.0 ± 2.4 days) that are consistent with the photometrically determined period of 54.8 days. In addition, the inclination and position angle of the rotation axis are computed for both the 2010 and 2011 data sets; values ( Ψ¯ = 21.°5, i¯ = 78.°0) for each are nearly identical between the two years.
Arctic tundra shrubification: a review of mechanisms and impacts on ecosystem carbon balance

Vegetation composition shifts, and in particular, shrub expansion across the Arctic tundra are some of the most important and widely observed responses of high-latitude ecosystems to rapid climate warming. These changes in vegetation potentially alter ecosystem carbon balances by affecting a complex set of soil–plant–atmosphere interactions. In this review, we synthesize the literature on (a) observed shrub expansion, (b) key climatic and environmental controls and mechanisms that affect shrub expansion, (c) impacts of shrub expansion on ecosystem carbon balance, and (d) research gaps and future directions to improve process representations in land models. A broad range of evidence, including in-situ observations, warming experiments, and remotely sensed vegetation indices have shown increases in growth and abundance of woody plants, particularly tall deciduous shrubs, and advancing shrublines across the circumpolar Arctic. This recent shrub expansion is affected by several interacting factors including climate warming, accelerated nutrient cycling, changing disturbance regimes, and local variation in topography and hydrology. Under warmer conditions, tall deciduous shrubs can be more competitive than other plant functional types in tundra ecosystems because of their taller maximum canopy heights and often dense canopy structure. Competitive abilities of tall deciduous shrubs vs herbaceous plants are also controlled by variation in traits that affect carbon and nutrient investments and retention strategies in leaves, stems, and roots. Overall, shrub expansion may affect tundra carbon balances by enhancing ecosystem carbon uptake and altering ecosystem respiration, and through complex feedback mechanisms that affect snowpack dynamics, permafrost degradation, surface energy balance, and litter inputs. Observed and projected tall deciduous shrub expansion and the subsequent effects on surface energy and carbon balances may alter feedbacks to the climate system. Land models, including those integrated in Earth System Models, need to account for differences in plant traits that control competitive interactions to accurately predict decadal- to centennial-scale tundra vegetation and carbon dynamics.
Molecular identification, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of isolated lactic acid bacteria from dali ni horbo

Various dairy products come from Indonesia and are fermented that leading to the growth of lactic acid bacteria. According to bataknese culture, water buffalo milk can be fermented to form Dali ni Horbo. This study was aimed to isolate, characterize, molecular identification, and evaluate the antimicrobial effect from the lactic acid bacteria in Dali ni horbo. Dali ni horbo as the sample was encoded D1, D2, and so on. The lactic acid bacteria were isolated from Dali ni Horbo by MRSA. Moreover, the colonies of bacteria were enriched into some isolates. After that, the isolates were characterized by gram staining, catalase, and type of fermentation. Meanwhile, to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, this study used the disc diffusion test against two different pathogens. At last, the selected isolate was molecularly identified from the 16S rRNA marker. Dali ni horbo contain 4.3 x 108 CFU/ml. of Lactobacillus fermentum strain A1753 The isolated bacteria were bacilli-shaped, positive gram, homofermentative, and heterofermentative bacteria without catalase activity. The isolated bacteria have potent antimicrobial activity against the negative pathogen (ranged from 9.8 mm – 12.15 mm) than positive gram pathogen (ranged from 7.15 mm – 11.05 mm). Hence, Dali ni horbo contain lactic acid bacteria that can be natural preservative and potential probiotic.
Willingness to carbon offset: value of malaysian air travellers’ experience, general and specific environmental knowledge

Greenhouse gas emissions from the aviation sector contribute significantly to global warming. Air transportation contributed 4% to 9% of total CO2 emissions in Malaysia. Several approach have been done by aviation industries in Malaysia to reduce carbon emissions from airlines, but still unsuccessful to implement carbon offset program. This study investigated experience, understanding of carbon offsets and the information passengers have concerning environmental issues and the ability to evaluate and understand impact on society and the environment among Malaysian airlines passengers. A descriptive statistics is reported as data collected from 407 Malaysian airlines passengers. The result shows only 1.5% of passengers experienced bought carbon offset schemes in past flight, more than 83% are knowledgeable with environment knowledge and more than 75.7% enlightened with understanding of carbon offsets. The finding obtained will help in providing insightful understanding about Malaysian airlines passengers’ acceptance on carbon offsets and willingness to contribute with carbon offsetting.
On recursive discrete Fourier transformation

It is shown that the recent deadbeat state-observer approach to discrete Fourier transform evaluation is exactly equivalent to the nonrecursive frequency-sampling filters of finite impulse response digital filter design. The approach is then extended to consider the Kalman filter derived from the signal model and this is demonstrated to be nonrobust and pathological. The application of state observers to this problem is then brought into question and it is shown that they have a novel application to signal processing between the extremes of deadbeat and Kalman observers.
Spin-polarized Density Functional Theory on Iron-decorated Planar Aluminene Systems for Hydrogen Storage

The storage of hydrogen gas produced from different processes such as biomass gasification is one of the challenges towards hydrogen economy to achieve a sustainable clean energy. Different 2D materials are being explored for a suitable storage such as aluminene due to its large surface area. In this work, we investigated using spin polarized density functional theory the adsorption of iron on the different sites of planar aluminene: top, bridge and hollow. Results showed that iron can be adsorbed on aluminene on all sites favoring the hollow site with a binding energy of -7.83 eV. The charge density differences show charge transfers from the aluminum atom towards the iron atoms indicating chemical bond. Results showed net magnetization based on the density of states which can be utilize for reversible hydrogen gas induced magnetization switching for hydrogen storage. Hydrogen is physisorped on the Fe atoms located at the top and bridge site of aluminene without energy barrier, while hydrogen is chemisorped on Fe atom located at the hollow site with an energy barrier of 0.063 eV. These results are indicative that Fe-decorated aluminene systems can be a good hydrogen storage material.
A technical analysis and comparison of tubular and lattice towers for wind turbines

The advancement of wind energy technology brings about an increase in the size and height of the wind turbine towers. As the upscaling of the conventional steel tubular tower is problematic, alternatives are being investigated. In this paper, several configurations were reviewed and the lattice tower was identified as a possible solution. This study analyses and compares the structural performance of the two tower configurations, tubular steel and lattice, of equivalent height, stiffness and mounted rotor, in two sets of tower heights, 120 m and 150 m. The towers are mounted by the baseline 5 MW turbine developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The results indicate that lattice towers are a suitable alternative to the tubular towers, providing significant material savings for a similar structural behaviour. Comparable bending moments were recorded in the base of the structures. The most demanding operating condition of the wind turbines was identified to be system braking cause by a sudden increase in wind velocity outside of the operating range. The 150 m lattice tower responds with excessive displacement during this abnormal operating condition; this is a potential issue that can cause generator failure if not accounted for in the rotor design.
Extraction of Acemannan Polysaccharides Active Substance from Aloe Vera Flesh with Ethanol Solvent

This study was conducted to extract Acemannan Polysaccharides from aloe vera flesh using ethanol solvents and obtain the optimum extraction temperature and deposition time of the extraction process. The process was carried out in batches and in a laboratory scale, with the principle of liquid solid extraction in a stirred glass beaker. The extraction temperatures were 25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, and 45° C and the deposition times were 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 hours. Some other variables were: 50 cc aloe vera juice volume, 200 cc solvent volume with 96% ethanol concentration, 45 minutes stirring time, and 500 rpm stirring speed. The results obtained were: the largest sediment mass, which was 2.1967 gram, was obtained at extraction temperature of 45° C and deposition time of 18 hours. Based on the results of qualitative analysis, the highest acemannnan content was obtained at 14 hours of deposition with a stirring temperature of 40° C and with 515.18 mg/gram glucose content.
A survey on data integrity verification schemes using blockchain technology in Cloud Computing Environment

Cloud computing is the delivery of different services for business or any organization to store their data and utilize the various resources over the internet. The resources of cloud computing is storage, software, computing hardware and services. Usefulness of the cloud computing infrastructure is to grant services based on demand to the user. The security is a major concern in the cloud computing that are many modes of securities including accessibility, authentication, data integrity, data recovery and confidentiality. The data integrity is major role in the cloud computing security and storage service. Hence, the data integrity scheme provides the proof the truthfulness of the stored data in the cloud. In this paper, we are conducting a brief survey on data integrity verification schemes for cloud computing based on blockchain technology. The aim of this survey is to enhance the understanding the security issues and discuss the importance of data integrity scheme for outsourced data.
The effect of work satisfaction on turnover intention in millennials generation in Indonesia Unicorn Company with work engagement as moderating variable

This study aims to see the effect of job satisfaction on turnover intention in the millennials generation who work in Indonesian Unicorn companies. This quantitative research uses 200 millennial employees (19-39 years) who work in Indonesian Unicorn companies as the subject. Data collection techniques in this study are by collecting questionnaires using turnover intention scale (TIS) for dependent variables and Job Descriptive Index (JDI) for independent variables. The results of this study are shown using structural equation modeling in the smartPLS application. Based on the regression test conducted, it can be concluded that there is an impact on job satisfaction turnover intention in the millennials in Indonesian unicorn companies (r = 0,523, p < 0.05).
Numerical Analysis on the Effect of Vital Design Parameters on the Seismic Performance of Shear Walls with Horizontal Ring Connection

Prefabricated shear walls are currently widely applied in mid-to-high-rise structures. As a new type of structural form of assembled shear walls, the ring connection assembled concrete shear wall has clear mechanical mechanism, easy construction and better performance and other significant advantages, which are gradually being applied in actual engineering. However, few systematic studies are carried on this new type of shear wall structure, and a complete theoretical system for guiding the design could not be given, especially in terms of mechanical mechanism and seismic performance, more detailed research work is needed. This paper uses numerical simulation as the main method to study the influence of different design variables such as shear span ratio, buckle size, axial compression ratio on the mechanical properties of the connection area in shear wall and the overall seismic performance of the structure. In this way, the theoretical basis for further optimizing the structural performance of the shear wall connection with ring connection.
Nutritional and environmental benefits of increasing insect consumption in Africa and Asia

Most global dietary forecasts predict a reduction in nutritional deficiencies over the next several decades driven by significant increases in environmentally unsustainable livestock and animal source food consumption. Here, we explore a more environmentally sensitive alternative to improve global nutrition, consuming insects. Our study focuses on Africa and Asia, two continents with a history of eating insects and high rates of nutritional deficiency. We model the impact of adding modest amounts (2.5, 5 and 10 g per day, dry weight) of regionally appropriate and farmable species on total nutrient intake and population-wide risk of deficiency for specific nutrients of concern: protein, zinc, folate, and vitamin B12. We also estimate the total potential change in dietary iron. Five grams per day of insect consumption could alleviate a considerable amount of risk of nutritional deficiency: 67 million (95% uncertainty interval: 49–84 million) fewer people at risk of protein deficiency, 166 million (120–220 million) fewer people at risk of zinc deficiency, 237 million (120–439 million) fewer people at risk of folate deficiency, and 251 million (28–2271) fewer people at risk for vitamin B12 deficiency. For iron, per capita supplies could increase by 3% (0.8%–6.0%) with insects, and even more so for vulnerable groups in countries currently suffering severe rates of anemia: 4.2% (0.5%–8.8%) for women of childbearing age and 4.1% (0.4%–10.0%) for children under 5. Doubling or halving insect intake per capita causes the benefits for nutritional deficiency risk to roughly double or halve accordingly. Effects are most pronounced in South and Central Asia, though sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, and Southeast Asia also see considerable reduction in nutritional risk. These results demonstrate the potential for insects to fill a crucial role in providing nutrition for these populous and rapidly developing regions while safeguarding the global environment.
Obtaining impact ionization-induced hole current by electrical measurements in gallium nitride metal–insulator–semiconductor high electron mobility transistors

In this paper, an extraction method for measuring impact ionization-induced hole current in gallium nitride (GaN) metal–insulator–semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs) is proposed. The results show that the non-monotonic impact ionization current characteristic can be easily acquired by the extraction method. Further, different hot-carrier stress (HCS) conditions can be obtained based on the I G–V G curve, and the reliability tests can act as verification of the impact-ionization curve. In addition, electrical reliability tests indicate that the threshold voltage (V TH) shift and on-state current (I on) degradation in the MIS-HEMTs have a positive correlation to impact ionization-generated hole current. During HCS operation, the V TH will shift positively and I on decreases due to hot electrons trapping into the GaN layer. This model is validated by TCAD simulation.
Validity testing of blended learning based on android smartphones in computer device maintenance course

This study aimed to determine the validity level of blended learning media to support the blended learning process. This was a Research and Development (R&D) using the 4D development model. The model involved four steps, namely: 1) Define, 2) Design, 3) Development, and 4) Assessment. Based on the research that has been done, the average value of the test assessment for Android media to support the learning process through Blended Learning is 94.28% which level of validity can be interpreted as very valid. Based on the assessment and input from material experts, Android application software experts and multimedia experts, it can be concluded that the blended learning media is suitable for learning the maintenance of computer devices in the Informatics Engineering Education Department.
Stable self-pulsing regime in a Brillouin ring fiber laser cavity

This study reports that when solving by full integration a set of coupled ordinary differential equations that describe the spatial evolution of the guided pump and Stokes powers caused by stimulated Brillouin scattering in the regime of pump depletion, a structure of regular pulses emerge from the output of a Brillouin laser cavity characterized as a stable self-pulsing regime. The dependence of this self-pulsing mechanism on the laser cavity length, the coupling factor, and the pump power is investigated revealing the existence of three regimes: no lasing, continuous, and self-pulsing. When compared to records in the scientific literature, this is the first time, to the best of the author’s knowledge, that a stable self-pulsing regime is reported theoretically. Furthermore, we also demonstrated the pumping depletion during the formation of the self-pulsing regime. These results provide not only a better understanding of the dynamics of self-pulsing regimes in a fiber laser cavity but also the possibility of unlocking the mechanisms responsible for the formation of stable pulse trains in a Brillouin fiber-ring laser.
Experimental and Modeling Studies on the Conversion of Inulin to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Metal Salts in Water

Inulin, a plant polysaccharide consisting of mainly d-fructose units, is considered an interesting feed for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a top 12 bio-based chemical. We here report an exploratory experimental study on the use of a wide range of homogeneous metal salts as catalysts for the conversion of inulin to HMF in water. Best results were obtained using CuCl2. Activity-pH relations indicate that the catalyst activity of CuCl2 is likely related to Lewis acidity and not to Bronsted acidity. The effects of process conditions on HMF yield for CuCl2 were systematically investigated and quantified using a central composite design (160–180 °C, an inulin loading between 0.05 and 0.15 g/mL, CuCl2 concentration in range of 0.005–0.015 M, and a reaction time between 10 and 120 min). The highest experimental HMF yield in the process window was 30.3 wt. % (39 mol %, 180 °C, 0.05 g/mL inulin, 0.005 M CuCl2 and a reaction time of 10 min). The HMF yields were modelled using non-linear, multi variable regression and good agreement between experimental data and model were obtained.