Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Thinking Aloud Pair Problem Solving on High School Students' Chemistry Problem-Solving Performance and Verbal Interactions

This study investigated the effects of a thinking aloud pair problem solving (TAPPS) approach on students' chemistry problem-solving performance and verbal interactions. A total of 85 eleventh grade students from three classes in a Korean high school were randomly assigned to one of three groups; either individually using a problem-solving strategy, using a problem-solving strategy with TAPPS, or the control group. After instruction, students' problem-solving performance was examined. The results showed that students in both the individual and TAPPS groups performed better than those in the control group on recalling the related law and mathematical execution, while students in the TAPPS group performed better than those in the other groups on conceptual knowledge. To investigate the verbal behaviors using TAPPS, verbal behaviors of solvers and listeners were classified into 8 categories. Listeners' verbal behavior of "agreeing" and "pointing out", and solvers' verbal behavior of "modifying" were positive.
A Self-Relevant CNN-SVM Model for Problem Classification in K-12 Question-Driven Learning

With the development and progress of science and technology, the learning patterns also evolve. In Question-Driven learning, students clarify and validate what they learn by answering questions. Such a large number of questions needs good management. A well-performed management can avoid the situation that learning materials with the same knowledge set are deﬁned into different sections due to ambiguous expressions. In this work, we propose a hybrid classiﬁcation model using the CNN-SVM that focuses on K-12 learning materials. We combine the Word2Vec feature and the hidden layer feature of CNN. In response to a current question that contains text and image, we also introduce a multi-modal preprocessing approach. The experiment shows that our preprocessing method and the hybrid model can outperform the two state-of-the-art methods.
Photoluminescence of GaSb grown by metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy

Low-temperature photoluminescence of epitaxial GaSb grown by MOVPE from TMGa and TMSb on various substrates is studied and compared with existing results for GaSb grown by other techniques. The effects of growth conditions are considered. It is found that a growth temperature of 650 degrees C is too high, and the layers are of very poor quality, while below the optimum temperature of 600 degrees C the growth rate slows, although the optical quality appears unaffected. Investigations into the range of III/V ratios over which good quality material could be grown indicated that this factor was more critical for GaSb than for GaAs; Sb-rich conditions produced samples with poor radiative efficiency, while samples grown under Ga-rich conditions were covered in excess Ga droplets. In addition, the authors found that, in common with other growth techniques, the concentration of the native defect in GaSb could be controlled using the III/V ratio, and an excellent correlation was found between electrical results and features in the photoluminescence spectra. For layers not lattice-matched to the substrate, the spectrum is red-shifted. They surmise that this is due to differential thermal contraction of the epilayer and substrate. A homoepitaxial sample was chosen for detailed study and from the dependence of the spectra on temperature and excitation intensity, a previously observed bound exciton was confirmed and an acceptor of 15 meV binding energy was found.
See how it feels to move: Relationships between movement characteristics and perception of emotions in dance

Music makes humans move in ways found to relate to, for instance, musical characteristics, personality, or emotional content of the music. In this study, we investigated associations between embodiments of musical emotions and the perception thereof. After collecting motion capture data of dancers moving to emotionally distinct musical stimuli, silent stick-figure animations were rated by a set of observers regarding perceived discrete emotions, while 10 movement features were computationally extracted from the motion capture data. Results indicate kinematic profiles—emotion-specific sets of movement characteristics—that furthermore conform with dimensional models of valence and arousal, suggesting that observers rated the emotions consistently according to distinct movement features prevalent in the animations. Outcomes show commonalities and differences to a previous study that linked these movement features to auditory perception of musical emotion, providing insights into how emotional expression of music-induced movement could be conveyed and understood through auditory and visual channels, respectively.
Electrokinetic self-propulsion by inhomogeneous surface kinetics

Electrokinetic self-propulsion was conceptually proven in recent experiments wherein bimetallic nano-rods were observed to migrate when placed in aqueous solutions. We present here a systematic theoretical model of the self-propulsion mechanism, analysing the steady-state transport occurring about an autonomously moving inhomogeneous particle. The non-uniform catalysis on the particle surface is modelled via position-dependent cation redox coefficients. The particle shape is axisymmetric but otherwise arbitrary, as are the distributions of the (possibly discontinuous) kinetic coefficients along its boundary. We formulate the mathematical problem governing this electrokinetic transport. In the thin-Debye-layer limit, the microscale description is transformed into a macroscale one, applying in the electro-neutral bulk. Effective boundary conditions represent asymptotic matching with the Debye-layer fields. A linearized model is derived for weak variation of the kinetic coefficients and is solved for a spherical-particle geometry. With a view towards understanding existing experiments, the macroscale model is used for analysing slender particles. Matched asymptotic expansions provide the particle velocity as a functional of its shape and kinetic-coefficient distributions. The predicted self-propulsion is in the direction observed in nanorod experiments.
An approach to detecting a reducing gas by radial modulation of electron-depleted shells in core–shell nanofibers

Based on the radial modulation of electron-depleted shell layers in SnO2–ZnO core–shell nanofibers (CSNs), a novel approach is proposed for the detection of very low concentrations of reducing gases. In this work, SnO2–ZnO CSNs were synthesized by a two-step process: core SnO2 nanofibers were first prepared by electrospinning, followed by the preparation of ZnO shell layers by atomic layer deposition. The radial modulation of electron depletion in the CSN shells was accomplished by controlling the shell thickness. The sensing capabilities of CSNs were investigated with respect to CO and NO2 that represent typical reducing and oxidizing gases, respectively. In the case of CO at a critical shell thickness, the CSN-based sensors showed greatly improved sensing capabilities compared with those fabricated on the basis of either pure SnO2 or pure ZnO nanofibers. In sharp contrast, CSN sensors revealed inferior sensing capabilities for NO2. The results can be explained by a model based on the radial modulation of the electron-depleted CSN shells. The model suggests that CSNs comprising dissimilar materials having different energy-band structures represent an effective sensing platform for the detection of low concentrations of reducing gases when the shell thickness is equivalent to the Debye length.
Volatilization and Distribution of Methyl Iodide and Methyl Bromide after Subsoil Application

Methyl iodide (Mel) was recently proposed as a potential replacement for methyl bromide (MeBr) as a soil fumigant, but little is known about its fate in the environment. Volatilization of MeI was measured and compared with that of MeBr in packed soil columns with different soils and under various soil surface conditions. Under the same conditions, MeI volatilization loss was greater than that of MeBr, and the enhanced volatilization was attributed to its slower degradation in soil. In a Greenfield sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, thermic Typic Haploxeralfs), the greatest loss occurred in a nontarped application (78% for MeI and 62% for MeBr), with the smallest loss in a high-barrier plastic-tarped treatment (28% for MeI and 24% for MeBr). Covering the soil surface with polyethylene film was ineffective in preventing Mel or MeBr volatilization. Volatilization losses of Mel and MeBr were also influenced by soil type, and were significantly less from soils that were high in organic matter content and capable of rapidly degrading the fumigants. Ten days after a point application (30 cm) in field plots covered with polyethylene film, higher MeI concentrations were detected at most depths. Because of its longer persistence in soil, MeI may have a greater tendency to reach groundwater than MeBr.
Association of Childhood Leukemia with Residential Exposure to Petrochemical Air Pollution in Taiwan

To investigate the relationship between petrochemical air pollution and childhood leukemia (19 yr of age or younger), the authors conducted a matched case-control study using childhood deaths that occurred in Taiwan from 1995 through 2005. Data on all eligible childhood leukemia deaths were obtained from the Bureau of Vital Statistics of the Taiwan Provincial Department of Health. The control group consisted of children who died from causes other than neoplasms or diseases that were not associated with respiratory problems. The controls were pair matched to the cases by sex, year of birth, and year of death. Each matched control was selected randomly from the set of possible controls for each case. The proportion of a municipality's total population employed in the petrochemical industry in a municipality was used as an indicator of a resident's exposure to air emissions from the petrochemical industry. The subjects were divided into three levels (≤25th percentile; 25th–75th percentile; > 75th percentile) according to the levels of the index just described. After controlling for possible confounders, results showed that children who lived in the group of municipalities characterized by the highest levels of petrochemical air pollution had a statistically significant higher risk of developing leukemia than the group that lived in municipalities with the lowest petrochemical air pollution levels. The results of this study shed important light on the relationship between the Taiwan petrochemical industry and human health risks.
The contribution of internal energy to the elastic force of natural rubber

Data are reported for the temperature coefficient of the retractive force for a natural rubber sample which had been crosslinked by irradiation. These measurements differ from those previously reported in allowing a longer interval for the attainment of equilibrium, in covering a wider range of elongations, and in a somewhat greater precision of the tension measurement. The Mooney equation constants for the tension at 45°C. are 2C1 = 2.617 kg. /cm.2 and 2C2 = 0.876 kg. /cm.2. The latter, although smaller than the values reported by other workers for similar samples, is far from vanishing. A comparison is given of (∂f/∂T)V,L as evaluated from the measured (∂f/∂T)V,L according to various proposals. Approximately 20% of the total force arises from the internal energy contribution, fe, when the relative elongation, α, is near unity. The fe/f ratios calculated from our measurements stand in good agreement with those obtained from Ciferri's data, despite the fact that the latter correspond to a much larger C2 value. Furthermore, both sets of data indicate that fe/f decreases with increasing α. The entropy component of the force, when fitted to the Mooney equation, yields C1s ≅ C1 but C2s < C2. This suggests that the C1 term is primarily due to entropy effects, whereas the internal energy makes a larger contribution to C2. The nonvanishing C2 and the variation of the fe/f ratio with α, represent deviations from the gaussian model treatment of Flory, Hoeve, and Ciferri. Criferri and Flory have expressed the opinion that finite C2 values arise solely from the failure to attain mechanical equilibrium. However, the cubic lattice model treatment of Krigbaum and Kaneko indicated that although the two discrepancies cited above may be accentuated by nonequilibrium effects, they can only be expected to vanish under equilibrium conditions in the limit of infinite chain length between crosslinks.
Morphologic Analysis of Urinary Podocytes in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.

Background The development of glomerulosclerosis in FSGS is associated with a reduction in podocyte number in the glomerular capillary tufts. Although it has been reported that the number of urinary podocytes in FSGS exceeds that of minimal-change nephrotic syndrome, the nature of events that promote podocyte detachment in FSGS remains elusive. Methods In this study, we provide detailed, morphologic analysis of the urinary podocytes found in FSGS by examining the size of the urinary podocytes from patients with FSGS, minimal-change nephrotic syndrome, and GN. In addition, in urinary podocytes from patients with FSGS and minimal-change nephrotic syndrome, we analyzed podocyte hypertrophy and mitotic catastrophe using immunostaining of p21 and phospho-ribosomal protein S6. Results The size of the urinary podocytes was strikingly larger in samples obtained from patients with FSGS compared with those with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome and GN (P=0.008). Urinary podocytes from patients with FSGS had a higher frequency of positive immunostaining for p21 (P<0.001) and phospho-ribosomal protein S6 (P=0.02) than those from patients with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome. Characteristic features of mitotic catastrophe were more commonly observed in FSGS than in minimal-change nephrotic syndrome urinary samples (P=0.001). Conclusions We posit that the significant increase in the size of urinary podocytes in FSGS, compared with those in minimal-change nephrotic syndrome, may be explained by hypertrophy and mitotic catastrophe.
Prediction of the Liquid Viscosities of Pure Components and Mixtures Using Neural Network and ASOG Group Contribution Methods

This study proposes a simple method for predicting liquid viscosities of pure components and mixtures from chemical structures only. Initially, the constants B and T 0 used in a modified Andrade equation for pure liquid viscosity were predicted using a three-layer neural network method with an error back-propagation learning algorithm. The network was trained using 194 data sets and information concerning 29 chemical groups was used as descriptors of input. The components covered were paraffines, olefins, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorides, bromides, alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, aldehydes and organic acids. The temperature range is approximately the melting point to the bubble point of the compounds and the average and maximum deviations of viscosity are 9.5 and 14.3%, respectively. The viscosities of binary systems were predicted using the ASOG-VISCO group contribution method. This study covers mixtures composed of CH2, ArCH, CyCH, OH, H2O, CO and COO groups with a temperature range of 293.15–303.15 K. and an average deviation of viscosities of 4.5%.
Solvent-mediated One-pot Synthesis of Cyclic N-Substituted Imides

The development of general, efficient synthetic methods for versatile organic compounds from readily available reagents is one of the challenges in organic synthesis. N-Substituted cyclic imides have found numerous applications in biology,1–6 pharmacology,7 synthetic chemistry,8–19 polymer chemistry,20,21 and material science.22,23 Several herbicides,24 pesticides,24 and antifungal1 agents and a host of bioactive natural products have also been synthesized by elaboration of N-aryl maleimides.16–19 Evaluation of the available methods for the synthesis of N-substituted cyclic imides indicates that generally the amines are first reacted with the desired cyclic anhydride and the resulting amic acids are then cyclized to the corresponding imides using reagents such as Ac2O/NaOAc, Et3N/Ac2O, dimethyl sulfate/Na2CO3/tetrabutylammonium bromide,27 cyanuric chloride/Et3N, [Bmim] [PF6], 140◦C29 among others.30–35 However, some of these procedures i) lack generality and scalability, ii) use harsh reaction conditions, and hazardous, non-green reagents, iii) involve tedious work-up and expensive reagents, iv) give low yield and sometimes result in concomitant addition of HCl to the maleimide.34 We now report our results to overcome these shortcomings and have examined the formation of amic acids and their cyclization to the corresponding imides using acetic acid/sulfuric acid in a one-pot synthesis. In our initial experiments, acetic acid was used as solvent to generate the amic acids from aniline and the cyclic anhydrides. In the second step, the isolated amic acids were cyclized to corresponding imides by replacing acetic anhydride with acetic acid in presence of sulfuric acid. Although the yields were excellent in both the steps, we were able to simplify this procedure further into one-pot synthesis thus eliminating the need for the isolation of the intermediate amic acids in equally good yields (Scheme 1). The amine was treated in acetic acid with the cyclic anhydride at 25 to 45◦C for 10 minutes followed by treatment with sulfuric acid at 60◦C for 30 to 45 minutes. The
CMOS-Compatible Ex-Situ Incorporated Junctionless Enhancement-Mode Thin Polysilicon Film FET pH Sensor

In this article, a junctionless enhancement-type field-effect-transistor based pH sensor is proposed and fabricated through low-cost bulk CMOS aligned process. The thin device layer consists of uniformly ex-situ doped p-type polySi, yielding a junctionless doping profile throughout the active region. A thin <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Al_{2}O_{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> layer is deposited through atomic layer deposition as a sensing membrane, providing high site binding density for pH solutions. The effect of channel width (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$W_{si}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) ranging from 5 to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$15~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> on threshold voltage and drain current sensitivities (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\frac {\triangle {V_{th}}}{\triangle {pH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\frac {\triangle {I_{d}}}{I_{d}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) respectively, have been investigated for different pH buffer solutions. For <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$W_{si}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, a maximum <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\frac {\triangle {V_{th}}}{\triangle {pH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> sensitivity of 66.7mV/pH and current sensitivity of 98.9% was observed. Further, the drain current of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\simeq ~65$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nA at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{gs} = 0\text{V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{ds} = -4\text{V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, yields low leakage operation of the proposed sensor. Furthermore, the repeatability of the proposed sensor is demonstrated by repeating the drain current measurements thrice with an interval of 10 minutes between corresponding measurements. A maximum shift of 30.9% among all measurements at pH = 6 which corresponds to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 0.1 \mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was observed, implying excellent repeatability of the proposed sensor.
UNDERSTANDING THE FACTORS DRIVING FARMERS TO ADOPT PEER-TO-PEER LENDING SHARING ECONOMY

Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending is one of the forms of sharing economy offered by Fintech as an alternative solution to address the limited access of smallholder farmers to financing sources but its adoption is relatively low despite its numerous benefits. It is, however, important to understand the factors driving farmers to adopt this system. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing the behavioral intention of farmers to adopt farming financing P2P lending using UTAUT2 and Theoretical Model of Participation variables as well as other variables in the form of values in the Sharing Economy. Data was collected from 371 farmers in West Java, Indonesia that has not adopted farming financing P2P lending and analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling. The results showed eight variables have significant correlation and they include effort expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, price value, habit, perceived risk, values, and trust through the application of perceived risk as an intervening variable. This means it is important for the P2P lending provider to educate the farmers on the easiness of using the platform, provide evidence for its legitimacy, and show that its security is guaranteed. It is also important to share the success story of the adopter farmers to encourage the non-adopters to embrace P2P lending.
An Unsupervised Misinformation Detection Framework to Analyze the Users using COVID-19 Twitter Data

In February 2020, COVID-19 was declared an infodemic by the experts in the situational report published by WHO. A study by the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism found that 40% believed that social media is the primary source of misinformation. Some research works have focused on analyzing the misinformed Twitter data using bot detection and fake-URL identification tools. However, these methods require annotated data in advance and high capacity hardware resources to deal with vast amounts of data. To overcome this challenge, we propose an unsupervised framework to detect misinformed content and the users who may be the sources of or susceptible to spreading misinformed content. This research work leverages the popularity of the tweets in form of re-posts to identify the influential content on the social media. A long w ith textual information, the credibility of the original posters of the popular tweets is assessed by using four primary credible sources i.e., News, Medical Organization, Medical Influencers, a nd Verified users. These categories are dynamically updated by using the semantic similar textual information from the user-descriptions of these user categories. The framework has been tested on two public annotated datasets from FakeNewsNet and has been compared with the baseline classification, clustering, and hybrid models for misinformation detection. Due to the unavailability of the annotated Twitter data, the resulting suspected misinformed users were searched manually on Twitter, where approximately 50% of identified users were a lready suspended. The content of misinformed clusters was validated by performing an emotional analysis of the tweets. This showed that the suspected misinformed clusters contained a high affinity towards anger and fear-inducing tweets. Furthermore, we analyzed the temporal change in geo-graphical tweet densities for all the user-categories and the popular user-interactions in the whole data.