Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
System-of-Systems Engineering for Air Force Capability Development: Executive Summary and Annotated Brief

Abstract : Over the past several years, it has become increasingly apparent that although the United States Air Force buys systems in isolation, it does not use systems in isolation. An ever-changing mix of systems, which enable their warfighting capabilities, supports the missions of the Air Force. In an ideal world, the Air Force would build each system involved to satisfy specific and well-understood requirements. Then, each system would fit into its pre-established USAF role supporting whatever capability military leaders called upon for action. The reality is that the Air Force does not build all systems through a homogenous acquisition and development process, it does not use all systems in ways foretold at their inception, and not all systems find themselves used among predicted interface partners. Especially in wartime, the exigencies of war sometimes force a reconfiguration among systems or even demand systems behave in ways that create new capabilities. When such changes occur, the users in the field oftentimes find the tasks associated with reengineering interconnections among systems falls upon them. Increasingly, awareness of the need to support fungible interconnection among systems has driven the Air Force and systems engineers to start thinking about the demands of system-of-systems configurations and the engineering issues associated with building and supporting them. The "System-of-Systems Engineering for Air Force Capability Development" study was chartered to address the challenge of developing systems-of-systems that are more effective. The study panel conducted this study in response to a request by the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force.
Wind Tunnel Studies in Aerodynamic Phenomena at High Speed

A great amount of research and experimental work has been done and fair success obtained in an effort to place airplane and propeller design upon an empirical basis. However, one can not fail to be impressed by the apparent lack of data available toward establishing flow phenomena upon a rational basis, such that they may be interpreted in terms of the laws of physics. With this end in view it was the object of the authors to design a wind tunnel differing from the usual type especially in regard to large power and speed of flow. This report describes the wind tunnel at Mccook Field and gives the results of experiments conducted in testing the efficiency of the wind tunnel.
Predicting yields from Appalachian red oak logs and lumber

One utilization problem is in pinpointing how to efficiently and effectively recover usable parts from logs, bolts, and lumber. Yields, which are output divided by input, provide a key to managers who make processing decisions. Research results are applied to indicate yields of graded lumber and dimension stock from graded Appalachian red oak (group) logs. How to calculate yields is shown. Managers may use these applications for developing processing alternatives.
The Use of Extended Wear Contact Lenses in the Aviation Environment: An Army-wide Study.

Abstract : Standard refractive error correction options for the M-43 protective mask have proven to be incompatible with the Helmet Display Unit (HDU) component of the AH-64 Apache Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS). Glue-on and outsert packages push the HDU, a Maxwellian- view virtual imaging system, far enough from the spectacle-,earing aviator's eye to significantly reduce the available field-of-view. Consequently, portions of critical peripheral instrumentation and weapon system overlays cannot be visualized. In November 1988, the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL) initiated the AH-64 contact lens research protocol to provide both an interim readiness fix and to develop a comprehensive database on contact lens wear in a variety of environments. The protocol was organized from three perspectives with concerns directed toward operational and flight safety, ocular health, and corneal physiology issues, and concluded at the end of September 1991. Fundamental operational and safety data were chronicled, along with written questionnaires, to assess subjective effectiveness of routine contact lens use. ocular health complications were collated from the aviation medicine, optometric, and ophthalmological communities. Clinical and physiological data were gathered by one USAARL optometrist, and two contract civilian optometrists and their supporting technicians.
PERFORMANCE OF RECYCLED HOT-MIX ASPHALT MIXTURES IN GEORGIA

The Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) has been constructing recycled asphalt pavements routinely for about 4 years. This research project was undertaken to evaluate the performance of recycled pavements compared to virgin (control) asphalt pavements. Five projects, each consisting of a recycled section and a control section, were subjected to detailed evaluation. In situ mix properties (such as percent air voids, resilient modulus, and indirect tensile strength), recovered asphalt binder properties (such as penetration, viscosity, G*/sin delta, and G* sin delta), and laboratory recompacted mix properties (such as gyratory stability index and confined, dynamic creep modulus) were measured. A paired t-test statistical analysis indicated no significant differences between these properties of virgin and recycled mix pavements that have been in service from 1 1/2 to 2 1/4 years. Ten additional virgin mix pavements and 13 additional recycled pavements were also evaluated as two independent groups. No statistically significant differences were found between the recovered asphalt properties (penetration and viscosity) of these virgin and recycled pavements in service. The current GDOT recycling specifications and mix design procedures appear to be satisfactory based on the results of this study.
Evaluation of Portable Automated Data Collection Technologies: Final Report

This report describes a project which evaluated portable automated traffic data collection systems. Using a series of field demonstrations, the systems that were evaluated included: 1) temporarily mounted microwave radar sensors intended to provide volume, speed, and/or length classification data for traffic census or various traffic studies; 2) similar sensors mounted on a semi-permanent basis and intended to serve as substitutes for loop detectors in traffic surveillance systems; and, 3) low-mounted infrared sensors used for axle counting. Focus of the field demonstrations was on the issues of sensor accuracy for all systems and the reliability of wireless transmission systems for semi-permanent installations.
Road Weather Information Systems at the Ministry of Transportation, Ontario

This paper describes how the Ontario Ministry of Transportation (MTO) has implemented a comprehensive network of Road Weather Information System (RWIS) stations in order to provide highway maintenance staff with the most up-to-date information so that they can proactively make the most appropriate winter maintenance decisions. The system provides real-time atmospheric and pavement condition data, through NTCIP compliant data transmission telematics, to central servers for interpretation, manipulation and use in forecasting atmospheric and pavement conditions. Data and forecasts are then displayed on a secured web site, in tabular and graphic formats, for easy review and interpretation. Hazardous highway condition warnings are provided to flag the need for prompt attention. Data is automatically archived for future use. Since the system is web-based, it can be linked to other web-based resources like Automated Vehicle Location systems, and the road condition reporting systems currently in place. The capabilities of the system display can be easily packaged to assist maintenance managers in maximizing the effectiveness of winter maintenance operations. The RWIS system is part of a suite of tools that the maintenance manager uses to make the right decisions at the right time on winter road maintenance operations. RWIS is essential in implementing emerging operational innovations such as Direct Liquid Application (liquid anti-icing) and Fixed Automated Spray Technology. For agencies that have contracted maintenance services, it can provide quality assurance data to indicate whether the roads have been serviced. Ontario has been involved in RWIS development since the mid 1990s, and has worked closely with other provinces and Environment Canada to develop standards and implement appropriate forecasting tools appropriate for use in Canada. The MTO network consists of 113 stations comprised of 5 equipment suppliers, all providing data in a legible format for effective provision of forecasting services. The Ontario RWIS model facilitates the sharing of data among road authorities that have stations, to expand the information available for making operational decisions. In addition, MTO has structured a plan to share its station data with municipalities that do not have stations so that all road agencies may be able to improve their winter maintenance operations for the benefit of Ontario drivers.
Female Directors and Firm Performance: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

This study examines the relationship between female board representation and performance of Saudi nonfinancial listed firms. Using a sample of 350 firms over the period 2016 to 2019, the study finds that neither female board representation nor the attributes of the women in the sample (qualification, experience, and independence) are significantly related to firm performance. The current study also finds that the diligence of female directors does not modify the relationship between their board representation and the performance of Saudi nonfinancial listed firms. Considering the fact that no Saudi nonfinancial listed firm has more than two female members on its board, the result of this study suggests the importance of having a critical mass of female board directors in order to make a greater contribution to firm performance. Furthermore, current female board representation supports the notion of tokenism in Saudi businesses.
Master Computer Science Semi-Supervised Consistency Training for Image Segmentation in 3D CT Scans

Deep supervised models often require a large amount of labelled data, which is dif-ﬁcult to obtain in the medical domain. Therefore, semi-supervised learning (SSL) has been an active area of research due to its promise to minimize training costs by leveraging unlabelled data. Previous research have shown that SSL is especially effective in low labelled data regimes, we show that outperformance can be extended to high data regimes by applying Stochastic Weight Averaging (SWA), which incurs zero additional training cost. Furthermore, we also conclude that larger-than-realistic transformations are the most beneﬁcial. Our model was trained on a prostate CT dataset and achieved improvements of 0.12 mm, 0.14 mm, 0.32 mm, and 0.14 mm for the prostate, seminal vesicles, rectum, and bladder respectively, in terms of median test set mean surface distance (MSD) compared to the supervised baseline in our high data regime.
Estimating the Effect of Respiratory Disease on Production Performance in Farrow-to-Finish Pig Farms

Background Respiratory disease is one of the most important factors impacting pig production worldwide. However, the literature highlights the multitude of confounding factors complicating the clear attribution of growth impairment to respiratory disease, and the extrapolation of the effects of respiratory disease to a wider population has not been thoroughly researched. The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of respiratory disease on production performance in a subset of 56 Irish farrow-to-finish pig farms. Proxies for respiratory disease status such as serology for four major pathogens (influenza A virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ), slaughter checks (pleurisy, pneumonia, lung abscesses, pericarditis and liver milk spots) and vaccination information were used as predictors for production performance. Results The models to estimate production performance from serology, slaughter checks, and vaccination were able to explain the variability of weaner and finisher mortality by 26 and 20%, respectively, and average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and age at slaughter by 47, 40 and 41%, respectively. Feed conversion ratio and sow performance were not explained by the studied predictors. Conclusions The models fitted, especially those for ADFI, ADG and age at slaughter, emphasize the usefulness of sourcing information at different levels to understand the impact of farm health status on pig performance, and highlight the impact of respiratory disease on production performance.
Preliminary examination of driver eye fixations on rural roads: insight into safe driving behavior

1& A M This report describes an investigation of driver eye patterns on straight and curved rural roads. Eight participants (four under 30 years, four over 60 years) drove on a 4.6 mile, two-lane road while wearing an eye mark camera to record eye fixations. While data was collected for the entire route, only four road sections were of interest (one straight section and three left curves (3,13 and 21 degrees)). In addition to eye fixation data, driving performance measures (speed and lane deviation) were recorded. Analysis of the results indicates that fixations to oncoming cars on the 3 degree curve (103 msec) were shorter than fmations to oncoming cars on the other two curves (588 msec) and the straight section (541 msec). On the straight section, there were more fixations to the far field (59 percent) than on the three cwes (3 degree--18 percent; 13 degree--37 percent; 21 degree--28 percent). The probability of fixating on road features also varied with road curvature. On the straight section, the probability of fixating on the far field is 40 percent, whereas on curves it ranges from 10 percent (3 degree curve) to 28 percent (13 degree curve). On curves, the driver is more likely to distribute hisher eye fixations more evenly over the road features. From the driving data, there were no indications of excessive lane deviation or speed. The data from this study will be entered into a simulation model that will describe driver eye fixation patterns, and the model will be validated. The ultimate goal of the simulation modeling will be to describe driver eye fixations given various road and driver characteristics. This will provide baseline data for driving that will lead to safe and easy to use in-vehicle displays by helping to identlfv . the attentional demands of driving. 17. W r l
Transferred Tax Knowledge to Improve Taxpayer Compliance

The purpose of research to know the influence of the taxpayer science level on the compliance of paying taxes by taxpayers, among others: knowledge of tax law, system knowledge and taxation functions, and the knowledge of sanctions Taxation both partially and simultaneously. Data analysis methods use SPSS software with a linear regression analysis, which is used to test the hypothesized influence of the taxpayer's level of science to pay tax compliance by both partial and simultaneous taxpayers and See the magnitude of the coefficient. Based on the results the study concluded that in partial and simultaneous levels of taxpayer enforcement science has a significant effect on the compliance of paying taxes by taxpayers.
A discrete simulation model for heterogeneous traffic including bicycles on urban road networks

Environment and health-related concerns mean that pedal-bicycles as an alternative mode of urban transport are gaining ground, with study of motorised/non-motorised traffic mix a topic of practical interest in transportation science and traffic modelling. This thesis reports on a simulation model, developed for heterogeneous traffic on city networks with AD HOC lane-sharing, characteristic of Dublin streets. While based on simple cellular automaton rules, the vehicle movement model also accounts for vehicle type heterogeneity and network-specific factors, including the resolution of conflicts and effects of driver decisions on movement dynamics. The model has been implemented as an agent-based simulation framework. Its spatial component is based on a modular design that facilitates straightforward scenario configuration and scalability. In order to perform large network simulations, the framework has been adapted for parallel processing. Issues of both static and dynamic load balancing are considered. While detailed field data are not available for heterogeneous traffic on urban networks, which precludes precise quantitative validation, sensitivity analysis of the model was performed with a wide range of parameters and values. Macroscopic whole-network measures are defined and used to study a number of scenarios, the most manifest property of which is the contrast between slow and fast, vulnerable and less vulnerable agents in the traffic mix.
Wholeness as well as leanness

One of the challenges of lean manufacturing is to achieve whole systems transformations for specific manufacturing businesses given their unique circumstances, and with their different processes, structures and rhythms. By using a whole systems approach, each organization can reach a solution for its unique circumstances. Some parts of the solution may well borrow tools from lean, other parts will borrow from elsewhere, and others may need new thinking and innovation. How they all come together into a particular pattern will be unique for each organization.
Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19 Lung Disease in Children

The novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has milder presentation in children than in adults, mostly requiring only supportive therapy. The immunopathogenic course of COVID-19 can be divided in two distinct but overlapping phases: the first triggered by the virus itself and the second one by the host immune response (cytokine storm). Respiratory failure or systemic involvement as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) requiring intensive care are described only in a small portion of infected children. Less severe lung injury in children could be explained by qualitative and quantitative differences in age-related immune response. Evidence on the best therapeutic approach for COVID-19 lung disease in children is lacking. Currently, the approach is mainly conservative and based on supportive therapy. However, in hospitalized children with critical illness and worsening lung function, antiviral therapy with remdesivir and immunomodulant treatment could be considered the “therapeutic pillars. ”
A Comparative Location Study for Joint Development Station of Mass Rapid Transit in Taichung City, Taiwan

The Joint Development Station (JDS) selection for a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system in Taichung, Taiwan has been on the table since the policy was made by Central government. This paper is concerned with the selection of a candidate JDS for this project. A proposal for a method to reach consensus for a group decision, based on a combination of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the Assurance Region model of data envelopment analysis (DEA), is made. Several strategies for using this methodology, e.g. Delphi procedures, are also discussed. Based on these analyses, the Experts Committee responsible for recommending the proper candidate JDS came up with two contenders from among five; one station is in Taichung's CBD area and the other is in the Situn District in Taichung City. It was not possible to discriminate between the two using multiple criteria for evaluating stations. The Committee recommended these two stations to the City Council who will be able to make an informed, objective decision. In this research, the decision-making processes that the Experts Committee followed are summarized putting emphasis on the methodological aspects.
How inspirational and innovative Teaching and Learning projects at the University of Huddersfield prepare our graduates with employability skills for a changing world of work.

How inspirational and innovative Teaching and Learning projects at the University of Huddersfield prepare our graduates with employability skills for a changing world of work. The University of Huddersfield is one of the Top Ten providers of Sandwich Education (one year work placement as part of a four year degree) in the UK. Our strategy aims include ‘to produce employable and enterprising graduates’. We are committed to work placements to such an extent that they are ‘fee free’. We have a huge range of vocational courses and our scholarly courses also contain strong work integrated learning components. Our Teaching and Learning initiatives include a suite of projects funded by the ‘Teaching Quality Enhancement Fund’. The paper will focus on how these innovative and inspirational projects support the development and ultimately the employability of our students. In particular projects focus on: • Practical support for students including: peer assisted learning, support for disabled students, researching how today’s students learn, and building student confidence in the use of an academic library. • Employer engagement and working with the wider community. This includes community and work related opportunities for music students, networks for students and professionals in creative and traditional industries, and work with our partners in the Further Education sector. • Creativity: including pure creativity delivered by an inspirational drama team, and using creativity within teaching in Higher Education. These projects help our students to attain graduate-level skills, to position themselves in the community, industry and workplace of the future and to become more creative ‘thinkers’. The paper will focus upon how the project outcomes support our students in entering an ever changing world of work.
Conceptualizing the Core of “Social Emotional Learning”

The global pandemic and sudden lack of face-to-face contact between teachers and students has accelerated interest in social-emotional learning (SEL). With greater numbers of people thinking about SEL, more confusion has emerged: How should we conceptualize SEL? Which constructs should be included? We propose a conceptualization of SEL that is anchored in the fundamental psychological needs of students. First, we describe these psychological needs—social connectedness, motivation, and self-regulation—that are prerequisites for optimizing student outcomes. Then, we outline several benefits that we hope this conceptualization offers to researchers and practitioners: clarity with respect to what SEL is and is not, an evaluative tool to help schools select SEL models and curricula, and practical guidance for educators helping students.
Monitoring severity of Lophodermium sp. in pine forest with satellite images Sentinel 2

En el presente estudio se estimó la severidad causada por el tizón de los pinos (Lophodermium sp.) en rodales de pino mediante imágenes provenientes del satélite Sentinel 2 y evaluaciones de campo. Para tal efecto, se utilizaron tres índices: a) Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI), b) Índice de Estrés de Humedad (MSI) y el Índice de Vegetación Ajustado al Suelo (SAVI); obtenidos de la combinación de bandas satelitales adquiridas mensualmente durante febrero a julio del 2017. Los valores obtenidos por los índices se correlacionaron con la severidad del tizón de los pinos, estimada en 24 sitios de muestreo. Los datos obtenidos mediante el MSI tuvieron una alta correlación positiva con los valores observados de la severidad (0.70783, p<0.0001), mientras que los valores estimados mediante el NDVI y el SAVI tuvieron una moderada (0.53316, p<0.0001) y baja correlación positiva (0.24844, p=0.0062), respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron que el uso de imágenes satelitales Sentinel 2 y el MSI tienen potencial para ser utilizados como una herramienta en el monitoreo de Lophodermium sp. en bosque de pino.