Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of Liver Pathology at Autopsy

Background: Most of the chronic liver diseases, even in advanced stages, may cause no prominent clinical signs or symptoms. They either go undiagnosed or are found incidentally during general health check-ups, investigations for other diseases, surgery, or autopsy. The underlying causes of chronic liver diseases vary in different geographic areas and are based on various factors such as socioeconomic status, life style, diet, local or regional infections, and other endemic diseases. Objectives: To study the spectrum of liver pathology at autopsy Method: We collected liver samples from 105 cases for histopathological study. Information regarding age, sex, marital status, place, food habit, alcoholic usage and previous history of any disease particularly liver disease etc., were collected from the first degree of the deceased during autopsy in which ever cases possible. Bits form right and left lobe and one bit from deeper areas of the liver was taken. Processed tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The cases were analysed by descriptive statistics. Results: Satisfactory tissue samples for histologic evaluation were available in all the cases with a mean age of 39 years. Normal histology was found in 5 (4.7%) cases. Important findings included steatosis in 24 (22.8%), steatohepatitis in 37 (35.2%), chronic hepatitis in 22 (20.9%), congestion in 10 (9.5%), hepatic granulomas in 4 (3.8%) cases. Causes of death were: Road traffic accident (41.9%), poisoning (24.8%), burns (6.7%), snake bite (5.7%), fall from tree/wall (2.9%). Conclusion: Silent diseases of the liver are not uncommon. Steatohepatitis and chronic hepatitis comprise a significant finding in our locality.
Short‐term epidemic dynamics in the Cakile maritima–Alternaria brassicicola host–pathogen association

1 Studies combining within‐ and among‐population processes are crucial for understanding ecological and co‐evolutionary dynamics in host–pathogen interactions. We report on work over an 18‐month period involving multiple beach populations of the plant Cakile maritima and its fungal pathogen Alternaria brassicicola along the south‐east coast of Australia. 2 Results from permanent transects replicated on several beaches show that disease incidence and prevalence vary significantly with plant age, class and distance from the sea, as well as time during the season. Plant density is also positively related to disease levels. 3 Results from three subregions indicate that disease persistence depends on survival of infected plants behind the foredunes of protected beaches. Population extinction was more likely on beaches with greater wind exposure and sea access, with the latter also related to colonization consistent with the dispersal of Cakile seeds via ocean currents. 4 Although disease dynamics during the epidemic were similar across subregions, the severity of the epidemic varied significantly among these areas, suggesting that large‐scale environmental factors may influence the timing and development of the epidemic. 5 Estimates of synchrony in disease dynamics indicated that populations within a subregion were significantly correlated with respect to epidemic development. There was, however, no evidence for spatial synchrony in disease dynamics based on among‐population covariances in disease prevalence and interbeach distances. Populations within a subregion were thus often at quite different phases of the epidemic at any given time.
Mapping seabed assemblages using comparative top-down and bottom-up classification approaches

Acoustic technologies yield many benefits for mapping the physical structure of seabed environments but are not ideally suited to classifying associated biological assemblages. We tested this assumption using benthic infauna data collected off the south coast of England by applying top-down (supervised) and bottom-up (unsupervised) classification approaches. The top-down approach was based on an a priori acoustic classification of the seabed followed by characterization of the acoustic regions using ground-truth biological samples. By contrast, measures of similarity between the ground-truth infaunal community data formed the basis of the bottom-up approach to assemblage classification. For both approaches, individual assemblages were mapped by first computing Bayesian conditional probabilities for ground-truth stations to estimate the probability of each station belonging to an assemblage. Assemblage distributions were then interpolated over a regular grid and characterized using an indicator value index.
Malnutrition, Infection, and Immune Function

Although it has long been known that malnutrition and infectious diseases frequently occur together (1), it has only recently been established that the nutritional status of the host can alter the functional activity of the immune system and thereby affect the host's response to infections (2-12). In the traditional view of causality, dietary inadequacy has been considered the primary cause (13). It has been argued, however, that the reverse may be the more likely scenario, since frequent infections cause nutritional deterioration, progressive impairment of host defenses against infection, and ultimately result in fatal infections (14). It has been difficult to establish causality in humans, however, because marginal diet, frequent infections, and laboratory and/or clinical evidence of impaired immune function coexist in the populations at risk, largely in the third world. Regardless of which factor is primary, it is now clear that the relationship among the three is cyclical, with changes in one, in turn, influencing the other two (Fig. 1). This concept was first clearly presented just 20 years ago in the classic monograph by Scrimshaw, Taylor, and Gordon (1). Since then, application of contemporary clinical and laboratory studies has expanded the data base and established the validity of the basic concept. These data have been the subject of a number of excellent reviews in recent years. Rather than reiterate these data in detail, the interested reader is referred to the numerous excellent summaries already in print (2-12). Up to this time, it has been difficult to determine the actual mechanisms involved, and considerable effort has been devoted to models of malnutrition in experimental animals, usually rodents, by providing a diet deficient in one or more nutrients or by restricting the amount of diet available. It must be remembered that such controlled animal experiments are not comparable to the human state and that direct comparison is precarious (8). People do not eat formulated diets that are lacking just one nutrient but are otherwise complete and balanced, and most people do not have access to the same amount of the same diet day after day. Rather, humans eat food according to its availability in the market and especially according to their own economic status and ability to pay for food. Human malnutrition is also rarely due to a defi-
Ectomycorrhizal associations of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) seedlings along an environmental gradient

Inconsistencies in the relationship between abundance of ectomycorrhizae (ECM) and characteristics of their host plants abound in the published literature. To determine whether such inconsistencies are related to environmental conditions, we conducted a study of ECM of Quercus rubra L. seedlings along an environmental gradient in oak and pine forests in northern Lower Michigan. The gradient was created by retaining canopy cover at 0%, 25% (50% in first year), and 75%, as well as uncut controls. ECM development, seedling growth, and resource levels were analyzed against the gradient of percent canopy cover. ECM development (percent ECM and total number of ECM tallied per seedling), seedling development (total biomass, stem diameter, shoot and root mass), and resources (photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), volumetric soil moisture (moisture), and nitrogen mineralization (N)) showed a quadratic, negative exponential, and negative linear relationship, respectively, with percent canopy cover. The best development of ECM was observed at 38% canopy cover, where N was 31n43 kg·ha n1 ·season n1 , moisture was 12n18%, and photosynthetically active radiation was 48n56% of open sky conditions. Four general conceptual models of ECM relationships were hypothesized. iFungal parasitismi defines the low end of the percent canopy cover gradient and iplant parasitismi defines the high end. iTrue symbiosisi exists somewhere between the extremes. These models provide a conceptual framework for understanding ECM relationships in the context of ecosystem dynamics and a practical guide for oak regeneration management in forestry.
Underwater light field patterns in subtropical coastal waters: A case study from the Gulf of Eilat (Aqaba)

In this study, we describe the seasonal patterns and the depth dependence of the underwater distribution of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in the Gulf of Eilat (Aqaba). Our data show a remarkable seasonal variation in the daily irradiance dose that reaches the benthos, including seaweeds, turf algae, seagrasses, and the endosymbiotic algae of corals. Corals experience 7 times less light in the winter than in summer, which is equivalent to an almost 30 m deeper location. This seasonal variation in irradiance to which high-latitude benthic phototrophs are exposed, is due to a synergetic effect of changes in solar elevation and in water transparency. Unlike the major seasonal difference in insolation in subtropical regions, low-latitude coral reefs and benthic macrophytes are exposed to only much subtler differences in irradiance. One of the northernmost coral reefs in the world, yet a very highly diverse one, is found at the northern tip of the Gulf of Eilat (Aqaba) at 29°N. Together with its geographical marginality, this reef is also characterized by low cloud cover, making it an appropriate model for demonstrating the dynamics of a "clean" seasonal light field, in contrast to coral reefs at high latitudes with much higher cloud cover. Based on these data, we present a model allowing calculation of the seasonal variation of a light field as a function of depth and latitude under clear-sky conditions, and variable water transparency.
The Dynamics of Cooperation at the Individual Level at Work

Focus of this research was the exploration of the dynamics of cooperation at the individual level at work. A qualitative method with a constructive realism approach was chosen for this research to find and construct the realities (the world of life) in lay community groups related to their understanding of cooperation in workplace. Data collection was carried out using the open questionnaire method for 140 employees from various sectors and the data were analyzed using content analysis techniques. The results showed that cooperation at the individual level in workplace settings is a dynamic relation among the dimensions of relationship quality, competence, consequence, work facilitation and emotions. Cooperation at the individual level started from the relationship between individuals which is manifested in the form of togetherness, involvement, understanding of others, reciprocal behavior and respect. These positive behaviors can encourage the emergence of selfcompetencies that support the achievement of consequences in the form of task accomplishments and material achievements. Through these achievements cooperation can facilitate work to be light, easy and run smoothly. In this research, the end of the dynamics of cooperation is the emergence of emotional aspects, namely positive emotions, emotional regulation and emotional stability. This aspect arised because it is influenced by work facilitation and consequences.
Evaluating the influence of employee intention to adopt the digital workplace using UTAUT2 and Generational Cohort Theory: The Case of Telkom Indonesia

2 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 7 PROBLEM STATEMENT . 7 PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH . 8 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH . 9 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 10 THE DIGITAL WORKPLACE . 10 Digital workplace technology . 10 The advantages of the digital workplace . 11 UTAUT 2 . 13 THE GENERATIONAL COHORT THEORY . 19 Generational research in Asia . 21 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY . 24 RESEARCH SETTING . 24 SAMPLES . 25 ADMINISTRATION OF THE INSTRUMENTS . 26 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS . 26 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS . 28 SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS . 28 MEASUREMENT MODEL . 29 Assessment of reliability and validity . 29 STRUCTURAL MODEL . 31 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION . 38 IMPLICATIONS . 45 Academic implications . 45 Practical implications . 45 Limitations and further research . 46 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS . 48 REFERENCES . 50 APPENDIX A SCALE OF MEASUREMENT . 56 APPENDIX B SURVEY ITEMS . 57
Contributions of some biological activities of honey bee venom

Summary Candida albicans is generally one of the most commonly isolated fungal pathogens from the human body. Bee venom (BV) is a natural substance, reported to have antimicrobial activity and to boost the immune system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bee venom as antimycotic agent, and to assess its antidimorphic effect in comparison with some antimycotic drugs, and also, the antitumour activity of BV was studied. It was revealed that BV was the most potent antimycotic agent, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 40 μg ml−1 whereas, flucytosine was relatively weak with MIC of 320 μg ml−1. The tested antifungal drugs block dimorphism at a concentration significantly lower than their MIC values. An in vivo study using Swiss albino mice clearly indicated that in candidiasis induced mice, treated with BV, no fungal load was evident in kidney, liver or spleen tissues. Mammary carcinoma bearing mice treated with BV indicated that the tumour was suppressed in a dose dependent manner, and that the survival of mice treated with BV was prolonged as compared to the BV untreated controls. In conclusion, the results suggest that bee venom could be developed as a natural antimycotic drug. More attention should be paid to natural inhibitors of tumour growth such as BV and other venoms and screening their biological activities.
CYR61 Stimulates Human Skin Fibroblast Migration through Integrin αvβ5 and Enhances Mitogenesis through Integrin αvβ3, Independent of Its Carboxyl-terminal Domain*

CYR61, an angiogenic factor and a member of the CCN protein family, is an extracellular matrix-associated, heparin-binding protein that mediates cell adhesion, promotes cell migration, and enhances growth factor-stimulated cell proliferation. CYR61 induces angiogenesis and promotes tumor growth in vivo and is expressed in dermal fibroblasts during cutaneous wound healing. It has been demonstrated recently that adhesion of primary skin fibroblasts to CYR61 is mediated through integrin α6β1 and cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, resulting in adhesive signaling and up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 3. CYR61 is composed of four discrete structural domains that bear sequence similarities to the insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins, von Willebrand factor type C repeat, thrombospondin type 1 repeat, and a carboxyl-terminal (CT) domain that resembles cysteine knots found in some growth factors. In this study, we show that a CYR61 mutant (CYR61ΔCT) that has the CT domain deleted is unable to support adhesion of primary human skin fibroblasts but is still able to stimulate chemotaxis and enhance basic fibroblast growth factor-induced mitogenesis similar to wild type. In addition, fibroblast migration to CYR61 is mediated through integrin αvβ5 but not integrins α6β1 or αvβ3. Furthermore, we show that CYR61 binds directly to purified integrin αvβ5 in vitro. By contrast, CYR61 enhancement of basic fibroblast growth factor-induced DNA synthesis is mediated through integrin αvβ3, a known receptor for CYR61 that mediates CYR61-dependent cell adhesion and chemotaxis in vascular endothelial cells. Thus, CYR61 promotes primary human fibroblast adhesion, migration, and mitogenesis through integrins α6β1, αvβ5, and αvβ3, respectively. Together, these findings establish CYR61 as a novel ligand for integrin αvβ5 and show that CYR61 interacts with distinct integrins to mediate disparate activities in a cell type-specific manner.
Effect of rootstock on the production, grape and wine quality of Shiraz vines in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area

The grape production and grape and wine quality of Shiraz vines, grown either on their own roots or on 6 rootstocks that have varying resistance to nematodes, were compared. Vines on the rootstocks Ramsey and Dog Ridge outyielded ungrafted vines by 46 and 48%, respectively, principally because of increased vegetative growth and hence retention of more nodes at pruning. Ramsey rootstock gave a greater grape yield per shoot. The ability of Dog Ridge stocks to produce yields as high as those of Ramsey highlights the importance of adequate pruning levels to enable the full potential of rootstocks to be determined. Vines on the rootstock Dog Ridge produced wines with higher pH values than wines from ungrafted control vines. Nematode counts suggested that the Vitus champini stocks have good tolerance to both rootknot and root lesion nematodes.
COMPARATIVE PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF TWO SPECIES OF INTERTIDAL EPIPHYTIC MACROALGAE ON MANGROVE ROOTS DURING SUBMERSION AND EMERSION

Photosynthesis and dark respiration rates were measured in water and in air, and the capacity to recover photosynthetic activity from emersion stress was examined for two species of intertidal, epiphytic macroalgae—Bostrychia calliptera (Montagne) Montagne and Caloglossa leprieurii (Montagne) J. Agardh—collected on prop roots of the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle L. in Buenaventura Bay, Pacific coast of Colombia. In both species, net photosynthetic rates were significantly higher under submersed conditions. Maximum photosynthetic rates (Pmax) in water and in air were highest in B. calliptera, 126 ± 4 versus 52 ± 9 μmol O2·mg chl a−1·h−1, respectively. In C. leprieurii, Pmax of submerged plants in water and in air were 98 ± 9 versus 30 ± 11 μmol O2·mg chla−1·h−1. The photoinhibition model of Platt et al. (1980) was used to fit the experimental data in both water and air for both species. Photoinhibition occurred at irradiance as low as 200 μmol·m−2·s−1. The photosynthesis–light response curves demonstrated an adaptation to shaded habitats for both species, as light compensation points in water and air for both species were below 17 ± 5 μmol·m−2·s−1. The rate of dehydration was significantly lower in thalli of B. calliptera compared to C. leprieurii. An increase of photosynthetic activity in B. calliptera was evident between 5% and 15% water loss, but rates decreased thereafter with declining water content. In C. leprieurii, desiccation negatively influenced photosynthetic rates that significantly decreased linearly with declining water content. In B. calliptera, net photosynthesis reached zero only at a water content between 29% and 35%, whereas in C. leprieurii no net photosynthesis occurred in plants containing less than about 50% of their relative water content. Resubmerged plants ofB. calliptera exhibited 100% photosynthetic recovery after 45 min, whereas C. leprieurii recovered 100% at about 120 min. On the basis of the comparison of rates of light‐saturated net photosynthesis for B. calliptera in air versus in water, aerial photosynthetic activity ranged from 35% to 42% of that in water, whereas the emersed photosynthetic capacity of C. leprieurii ranged from 24% to 29% of that in water. Using tidal predictions and the emersed photosynthetic rates, a carbon balance model was constructed for both species over a single daylight period. The calculations indicated that emersed photosynthesis increased average daily carbon production of B. calliptera by 17% and C. leprieuri by 12%. The physiological responses to desiccation stress and the photosynthetic recovery capacities between species correlated with, and may determine, their vertical distribution in the mangrove habitats of Buenaventura Bay.
Diagnosis and management of lynch syndrome

Lynch syndrome (LS), or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), represents 2% - 4% of all cases of colorectal cancer. LS is an autosomal-dominant inherited cancer predisposition syndrome caused by germline mutations in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mismatch repair genes. Since the discovery of the major human genes with DNA mismatch repair function, mutations in five of them have been correlated with susceptibility to LS: mutS homolog 2 (MSH2); mutL homolog 1 (MLH1); mutS homolog 6 (MSH6); postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (PMS2); and postmeiotic segregation increased 1 (PMS1). The diagnostic features of LS have accumulated and been refined over time. Today, LS is defined by a set of clinical, pathological, and molecular features that encompass: a family history of colorectal cancer, a particular spectrum of extracolonic neoplasms, multiple colorectal tumors, early onset of cancer, particular histological features among colorectal cancers, presence of DNA microsatellite instability, loss of expression of DNA mismatch repair proteins, and germline mutation in a DNA mismatch repair gene. This review provides an overview of the diagnosis and management of LS patients, including some recently reported patents.
LIFE COURSE CENTRE WORKING PAPER SERIES What Drives Second Generation Success? The Role of Education, Culture and Social Context

I explore the role of education, culture and social context in the intergenerational income mobility of second generation migrant communities in Australia. I present a new decomposition of intergenerational income mobility, and find a central role for differences in education mobility in driving differences in income mobility between migrant communities. Further, differences in the cultural values migrant communities bring with them, and the context of their migration, are associated with large differences in second generation educational achievement and attainment. Second generation migrants from countries that outperform on tests of student achievement, or face higher income penalties in the first generation, tend to have better educational outcomes. I use a rich array of survey and test score data to show the outperformance of migrants from poorer backgrounds emerges late in adolescence, and is reflected in attainment, aspirations and the perceived returns to education, but not in school test scores.
Ecological Interactions between Elasmobranchs and Groundfish Species on the Northeastern U.S. Continental Shelf. I. Evaluating Predation

Abstract Elasmobranchs are an important component of the northeastern U.S. continental shelf ecosystem in terms of both biomass and abundance. It has been hypothesized that because of their high biomass these species have a significant negative impact on commercially valuable groundfish via ecological interactions. One of these hypotheses posits that elasmobranchs directly remove such groundfish by predation. We analyzed data from the stomachs of 40,756 spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias, 3,806 smooth dogfish Mustelus canis, 17,618 little skate Raja erinacea, 11,593 winter skate R. ocellata, and 2,571 thorny skate R. radiata collected in bottom trawl surveys conducted principally during spring and autumn 1973–1998 in waters from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Nova Scotia. Except for silver hake Merluccius bilinearis, most groundfish are not common in the diets of the elasmobranchs. Estimates of consumption indicate that both the number and the total biomass of the groundfish that are removed are generally.