Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precipitation of Barium Sulphate Nanoparticles in Microemulsion: Experiments and Modelling

Today, the scenario of a well-controlled large-scale production of nanoparticles is a very important aspect in nanotechnology. The present work aims at the investigation of different engineering aspects on the production of nanoparticles using microemulsions, which lead to possible process control. Prior to the precipitation process, this study explains that the phase behaviour of the ternary as well as of the quaternary mixture (with reactants) has to be analysed to identify microemulsion regions being suitable for nanoparticle precipitation. Dynamic light scattering had been used for determining the droplet size and viscosity measurements had been undertaken to predict the internal structure of the fluid. Bulk phase precipitation of BaSO4 was also conducted at different operating conditions in order to get basic understanding of the process itself. Generally a microemulsion made out of water, cyclohexane and surfactant is loaded with two reactants, BaCl2 and K2SO4, to carry out BaSO4 precipitation. A non-ionic technical surfactant, Marlipal O13/40 is employed, as this surfactant is cheap and available in big quantities and therefore preferred for a scale-up approach. The influence of suitable process control parameters like the feeding rate, the stirring rate, the feeding sequence, or the initial concentrations of the reactants on the particle size has been studied to gain a deeper understanding of the process formation of nanoparticles in a non-ionic water/oil microemulsion. The particle precipitation was carried out in a semibatch reactor. Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyse the size, the size distribution, and shape of precipitated nanoparticles. A measurable influence on particle size was found for different initial concentration ratios of the two reactants. It was also found that with increasing particle size the shape changed from spherical to cubic. A corresponding simplified mathematical model based on mass balances qualitatively confirms the observed changes in particle size. Argumentations based on the droplet occupancy number, the critical nucleation number and the corresponding number of nucleated particles are given to explain the change in the mean particle size.
Yahweh’s Indictment on Corrupt Shepherds in Jeremiah 23:1-4 and its Reflections in Political and Religious Structures in Nigeria

Jeremiah 23:1- 4 is considered as one of the cases where Yahweh expressed his displeasure on the leaders he appointed for his People. One of the responsibilities of the leader is justice for all. Yahweh was surprised to see that the leaders that are expected to protect and defend their subjects are the ones scattering and exploiting them. The study, therefore examined the activities of the Shepherds or Leaders in Jeremiah’s time and their effects in ancient Israel, with a view to establishing its reflections in political and religious structures in Nigeria. The researcher observed that, like in the days of Prophet Jeremiah some Political and Religious Leaders in Nigeria are Corrupt. They abuse the power entrusted to them. They feed themselves instead of feeding the flock. They are more concern about their well-being than that of their subjects. They use their influence or power to pervert justice. This has brought the nation to disrepute. Moral decadence and all kinds of vices are the order of the day. Today, Nigeria is believed to be one of the most corrupt nations of the World. There are allegations of corruption traced to some political and religious leaders in Nigeria. To build a virile nation, political and religious leaders in Nigeria are to be exemplary in conduct and make justice and equity their watch word. Keywords: Yahweh, Political, Religious, Leaders, Corrupt, and Nigeria
Unravelling taxonomic ambiguity of the Mastacembelidae in the Mekong Delta (Vietnam) through DNA barcoding and morphological approaches

Morphological-based species identification can be problematic for a comparative worldwide survey if taxonomic keys are limited and inconsistent, as illustrated in the family Mastacembelidae. This study combined DNA barcoding and morphological methods to test species identification of Mastacembelidae in the Mekong Delta with emphasis on taxonomic ambiguity of the precise identification of the fish locally known as chach bong. Fish specimens were collected from fishermen in different regions of the delta. Five presumed species within two genera were recorded. Samples were morphologically measured for morphometric and meristic traits. Representative samples of each species were sequenced at the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The number of dorsal fin spines and general morphological appearance are distinguishable among the five presumed species. However, morphometric measurements overlapped between Macrognathus semiocellatus and Macrognathus siamensis. K2P distances based on COI sequences among species were high, ranging from 12.4% to 18.7%. All individuals were separated into monophyletic groups of species, clustered into Mastacembelus and two Macrognathus lineages. Chach bong should be recognized as Mastacembelus favus and not Mastacembelus armatus as previously classified. No Mastacembelus armatus was recorded in the Mekong Delta. GenBank sequences of Mastacembelus armatus formed a sister relationship to Mastacembelus favus although both have the same range of number of dorsal fin spines and similar reticulated patterns on the body. Misidentification between these two species has been widely recorded in international databases of species taxonomy and DNA barcodes. Nonetheless, their genetic distance (12.4%) is higher than conspecific distances of samples from other regions, indicating the two species can be differentiated by DNA barcoding.
The Influence of School Principal Supervision and School Committee Participation on the Quality of Junior High School Education

This study analyzed the effect of principal supervision and school committee participation on the quality of education at SMP Negeri in Prabumulih Barat. The method in this research was a quantitative method with a survey approach. The sample used in this study were teachers in 2 State Junior High Schools in Prabumulih Barat. The data analysis technique was carried out with the help of the SPSS For Windows Version 21 program. The results showed that 1) there was a significant effect of school principal supervision on the quality of education at the State Junior High Schools in Prabumulih Barat District, the contribution of the influence was 11.7%; 2) there is a significant effect of school committee participation on the quality of education of the State Junior High Schools in Prabumulih Barat District, the contribution of the influence is 5.5%; 3) there is a significant effect of the supervision of the principal and the participation of the school committee together on the quality of education of the State Junior High School in Prabumulih Barat District, the contribution of the influence that is contributed is 11.7%, 16.7%, while 83.3% is influenced by factors which were not included in this study.
Mixing in Turbulent Flows: An Overview of Physics and Modelling

Turbulent flows featuring additional scalar fields, such as chemical species or temperature, are common in environmental and industrial applications. Their physics is complex because of a broad range of scales involved; hence, efficient computational approaches remain a challenge. In this paper, we present an overview of such flows (with no particular emphasis on combustion, however) and we recall the major types of micro-mixing models developed within the statistical approaches to turbulence (the probability density function approach) as well as in the large-eddy simulation context (the filtered density function). We also report on some trends in algorithm development with respect to the recent progress in computing technology.
Cost factors in Zero-Carbon Technologies Applied in Buildings: Nigeria s Perspective

The integration of renewable energy technologies in buildings across Africa is low. Enormous improvements to intrinsic cost drivers affecting their affordability are therefore prerequisite to achieve diffused adoption. In a search for the relevant strategies to improve the adoption of these technologies, this paper appraised critical cost factors inhibiting the affordability of solar photovoltaic (PV) in Nigeria. The research adopted a structured questionnaire survey administered to 480 stakeholders in the building sub-sector and PV value chain. Data reduction tool (factor analysis) determined the components of principal factors critical to the affordability of PV in the research environment. The result showed that the dearth of local competencies, lack of skilled labour, lack of research, lack of locally accessible technologies, high cost of maintenance, foreign exchange fluctuation, and inflation are important drivers of PV costs that must improve to facilitate PV integration in buildings. The strategies to improving PV adoption must stimulate affordability by mitigating technical and economic cost factors. The study recommends strong government incentives using waivers on tariff, education and awareness, training in requisite skills, and local manufacturing of components as prerequisite drivers needed to improve affordability.
Design of Sustainable Agricultural-Based Biomass Electrification Model in the Islands Area: Prospect of Bamboo Biomass

In 2020, it is projected that the number of households in the Kepulauan Mentawai Regency will reach 22,534 units in which 9,471 units have received electricity from the State Electricity Company (PLN). By the end of 2020, as many as 1,244 households will be targeted to get electricity from the bamboo biomass power plant that has been built. Thus until the end of 2020, there were still 11,819 household units that would not yet get electricity. The Kepulauan Mentawai Regency Government targets that by the end of 2035 all households will have electricity, by developing electricity using bamboo biomass raw materials. The number of households in the Kepulauan Mentawai Regency until the end of 2035 is projected to be 28,639 units, of which from 2020 to the end of 2035, there will be 17,924 household units including electricity needs. If each household is targeted to get 450 VA power, then the total electricity power still needed is 8,066 KVA or approximately 70,758,160 kWh/year. The bamboo biomass power plant, which will be operated in the Kepulauan Mentawai Regency, currently requires 1.5 kg of dry bamboo to produce 1 kW power with a power factor (ghospi) of 0.8. Thus the need for bamboo for power plants is approximately 132,484.1 tons/year. Therefore, to provide this bamboo supply, approximately 714 ha of bamboo is needed. Keyword —bamboo; biomass; electrification; power plant; bioenergy.
Identifying the Weaknesses of Formative Assessment in the e-Learning Management System

Background: Assessment is one of the most important elements of any educational system, including the e-learning. Formative assessment is also a significant type of assessment, which plays a very important role in identifying students’ strengths and weaknesses and helping to improve learning in the e-learning system. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify weaknesses of formative assessment in the e-learning management system of Iran (case study: Shahid Beheshti University). Methods: The present study was qualitative research. The participants of the study consisted of the students of the e-learning Center of Shahid Beheshti University of Iran, 15 of whom were selected using a purposive sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Content analysis was also used to analyze the data. Results: Formative assessment in the e-learning management system of Shahid Beheshti University suffers from eleven substantial weaknesses: weakness in technology infrastructure resources, not using other formative assessment tools, weakness in giving and receiving feedback, inability to authenticate, weakness in class presentations, weakness in exercises and projects, weakness in online tests, weakness in discussions, inattention to formative assessment, restrictions on uploading assignments and activities, and observance of the ratio of teachers to students. Conclusions: The above weaknesses should be taken into consideration for the improvement of formative assessment, student learning, and the status quo.
Management of Sars-Cov-2 Medical Waste Against a Covid19 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Literature Review

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 RNA transmission in wastewater has a risk of fecal transmission ofSARS-CoV-2 to humans and the environment. Despite the increasing number of cases in almostall areas in Indonesia, the study to review and evaluate waste management resulted from medicalfacilities is still limited and less explored. This literature review aims to analyze the applicabilityof WHO guidelines on wastewater management to be implemented in Indonesia. Scientific paperswere collected from several electronic databases such as PubMed, PLoS, Researchgate, WHO,Elsevier, Science, SARS-CoV-2, Covid19, and wastewater. The articles were selected based on theinclusion criteria that use SARS-CoV-2, Covid19, and wastewater as the main variables observed.The articles published before 2013 were excluded from this review. Discussion: Wastewatermonitoring of SARS-CoV-2 within medical and health facilities is implemented to identify thevirus’s presence as the causative agent of Covid19 disease, which contaminated the environmentand society. The results of the analysis in wastewater can be used to determine the infectioncontrol in health facilities while also beneficial in formulating the monitoring of environmentalimpacts caused by the waste. These efforts would support policies or interventions based on publichealth by applying social distances, locking, quarantine areas that aim to break the Covid19transmission. Conclusion: Briefly, by considering the urgency of Covid19 pandemic containmentand control measures of transmission in health facilities, population and environment. It is a wastemanagement guideline that is highly required to be implemented based on public health aspects.
Iceberg Indicators for Sow and Piglet Welfare

This study identifies iceberg indicators for welfare assessment in sows and piglets to enhance feasibility and sustainability of available protocols. Indicators of the Welfare Quality® protocol and of a German protocol were collected over 65 farm visits to 13 farms in Germany between September 2016 and April 2018. Data were analysed using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). A hierarchical component model was built (animal welfare = higher-order, Welfare Quality® principles = lower-order components). In sows, welfare was revealed to be most influenced by the principles good housing, good health and appropriate behaviour (path coefficients = 0.77, 0.86, 0.91). High coefficients of determination R2 indicated a large amount of explained variance (good housing R2 = 0.59, good health R2 = 0.75, appropriate behaviour R2 = 0.83). Stereotypies was the indicator most valuable to assess sow welfare. Additionally, the final model included the indicators panting, shoulder sores, metritis, mortality and an indicator assessing stereotypies in resting animals (indicator reliabilities 0.54–0.88). However, the model did not include the indicators lameness and body condition, which may be due to the farm sample. Welfare of piglets was most explained by the indicators carpal joint lesions, mortality, sneezing and undersized animals (indicator reliabilities 0.48–0.86).
“Study of low birth weight babies and their association with maternal risk factors.”

Objective: To study the prevalence of low birth weight babies and to find their association with maternal risk factors. Methods: This is a hospital-based prospective, observational, conducted in Kamineni Hospital, LB Nagar, Hyderabad. Data about maternal exposure to different risk factors were recorded using a preformed questionnaire. The information included the socio-demographic profile of the mother and her family, obstetric history of the mother especially about previous births, abortions, pre-pregnancy weight, height, weight gain during pregnancy, antenatal services obtained by the mother. Results: Out of 286 newborns 77 newborns were of low birth weight i.e., the prevalence of low birth weight in my study was 26.9% Prevalence of low birth weight was more in female babies, mothers from rural areas, illiterate mothers(40.54), more in mothers who had pregnancy-induced hypertension(54.28), more in multigravida mothers, more in mothers who had irregular antenatal check-ups (45.65%) more in mothers who gained less than 6kgs during pregnancy, more in mothers who had oligohydramnios (50%). Conclusion: This study shows that bio-demographic and prenatal care variables have the strongest influence in determining the birth weight of a baby. However, Socio-economic and demographic factors are significantly associated with prenatal care, which is one of the behavioral factors associated with low birth weight.
Assessing Teacher Readiness for Inclusive Education in Maldives: Instrument Modification and Validation

ABSTRACT Teacher readiness for inclusive education is frequently investigated in literature. However, the psychometric properties of a scale to evaluate teacher readiness for inclusive education in the Asian, specifically Maldivian, context are extremely scarce. This study aimed to modify the teachers’ readiness for an inclusive education scale to determine if the modified scale was reliable and valid in the Maldives Context. A total of 628 teachers (258 males and 370 females) from seventy-seven schools participated in this study. In phase 1, the construct validity of the Maldives teachers’ readiness scale was established through exploratory factor analysis. In phase 2, the tests of dimensionality, reliability, convergent and discriminant validity was established through confirmatory factor analysis. Results supported a two-factor, 23 items scale. The scale may be utilised as a reliable and valid instrument to assess teacher readiness for inclusive education in the Maldivian context.
Effects of alcohol consumption in general, and wine in particular, on the risk of cancer development: a review

Since 1988, alcohol has been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, the highest level of risk, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). In fact, alcohol consumption is the third leading risk factor for disease and mortality in Europe. It accounts for 4.65 % of the global burden of both injury and disease, making it one of the most preventable causes of injury and death. Tissues in closest contact with alcohol when it is ingested, such as those of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and larynx, have at greater risk of becoming cancerous than other body tissues. The consumption of alcohol is also associated with an increased risk of stomach, colon, rectum, liver, female breast and ovarian cancers. Conversely, recent studies suggest that red wine components inhibit colony formation of human breast cancer and esophageal carcinoma cells, suggesting that wine-derived phenolic compounds may be inhibitory, in contrast to the alcohol component of wine. Because of a lack of systematic studies dealing with the different types of cancer and alcoholic beverages and wine in particular, in this narrative review we summarize the general risk of cancer linked to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, including wine, according to type of cancer, with 140 extracted relevant references from 1966 to 2020. Mostly epidemiological studies concerning large cohorts have been selected. For the cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, liver, colorectum, breast cancer, pancreatic, prostate, an excessive consumption and/or misuse of alcoholic beverages is correlated with increased risk. Conversely a probable decreased risk has been found for renal/kidney cancers, as well as for Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, such as thyroid lymphomas, associated with the moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages. There is no evidence of ovarian, gastric, head and neck, and lung cancer being linked to the moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages. Cancer is a multifactorial disease, and many factors contribute to effects on health status, usually being both genetic and environmental. Habits (smoking, dietary/lifestyle pattern/ habits, physical activity), should also be taken into account when defining appropriate consumption frequencies for different types of alcoholic drink (wine, beer, spirits). Further research is needed related to wine consumption in the context of a healthy dietary and lifestyle pattern given health-promoting constituents of wine and its effects on cancer incidence.
Production of IAA hormone in rhizosphere bacterial isolates of community forest stands

The rhizosphere is the soil around plant roots, which is directly affected by soil microbes, and exudation of plant roots have an essential role in plant health and soil fertility. The IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) hormone or known as the auxin hormone, is a major member of the auxin group that controls important physiological processes, including cell enlargement and division, tissue differentiation, and responding light and gravity. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of rhizosphere bacteria isolates to produce IAA hormone associated with tree roots at community forest stand. This study comprised rejuvenating bacterial isolates to obtain pure and uncontaminated isolates and testing IAA concentrations. The results showed that rhizosphere bacterial isolates around the roots in community forest stands could produce IAA hormones. The BR 2 (Bacillus) bacteria isolates produced the highest IAA, which indicated with the color change of isolates to pink, while BB 3 and JS 1 isolates produced the lowest IAA.
S-Functionalized Tripods with Monomethylene Spacers: Routes to Tetrairon(III) Single-Molecule Magnets with Ultrashort Tethering Groups

The organization of single-molecule magnets (SMMs) on surfaces is a mainstream research path in molecular magnetism. Of special importance is the control of grafting geometry in chemisorbed monolayers on metal surfaces. We herein present the synthesis, solid-state structure, and magnetic characterization of propeller-like tetrairon(III) SMMs containing the shortest-reported tethering groups for gold surfaces. Functionalization of molecular structure is attained using 2-R-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol tripodal proligands (H3LR). The R substituents comprise a monomethylene spacer and three different terminations known to act as stable precursors of S-Au bonds (R = CH2SCN, CH2SAc and CH2SSnBu). These chemical groups are shown to be chemically compatible with the tetrairon(III) core and to afford fully-functional SMMs in crystalline form and in fair to excellent yields.