Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The expression of supervisor dominance and employee outcomes

ABSTRACT Using the concept of interpersonal dominance, we explored how supervisors’ communication of dominance was related to employee outcomes. Results from two studies (Study 1: N = 307; Study 2: N = 303) revealed that messages signaling influence and focus/poise were positively related to job satisfaction, motivation, organizational commitment, employee empowerment, and accomplishment, yet negatively related to exhaustion and cynicism. Regression analyses determined that influence and focus/poise were the strongest predictors of job satisfaction, motivation, commitment, and empowerment. Focus/poise and panache were the best predictors of personal accomplishment. Finally, conversational control was the strongest predictor of exhaustion and cynicism.
Annual forage production from spring-planted winter cereal monocrops and mixtures with spring barley

Spring-planted winter cereals grown as monocrops or in mixture with spring cereals maintain yield and quality into late summer and fall, and can be used to replace or complement perennial pasture. Our objectives were to determine the response to clipping of spring-planted winter cereals, and to determine the effects of seeding rates and ratios of spring to winter cereals on this response. Monocrops of winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) cv. Pika and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cv. Musketeer and mixtures of these cereals with the spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Noble were evaluated. Tests were conducted from 1991 to 1993 at Botha and Lacombe, AB. Mixtures of spring:winter cereals were 0:100, 25:25, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 75:75 and 100:100 (Lacombe only), where the ratio of components represented the percentage of the base seeding rate of 250 seeds m−2. Biomass yields for triticale treatments (5.5 t ha−1 at Botha and 6.3 t ha−1 at Lacombe for the May to October growing season) were generally.
Faunal utilization of created intertidal eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) reefs in the southeastern United States

Oyster cultch was added to the lower intertidal marsh-sandflat fringe of three previously createdSpartina alterniflora salt marshes. Colonization of these created reefs by oysters and other select taxa was examined. Created reefs supported numerous oyster reef-associated faunas at equivalent or greater densities than adjacent natural reefs. Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) settlement at one site of created reef exceeded that of the adjacent natural reefs within 9 mo of reef creation. After only 2 yr, harvestable-sizeC. virginica (>75 mm) were present in the created reefs along with substantial numbers ofC. virginica clusters. The created reefs also had a higher number of molluscan, fish, and decapod species than the adjacent natural reefs. After 2 yr the densities ofC. virginica, striped barnacle (Balanus amphitrite), scorched mussel (Brachidontes exustus), Atlantic ribbed mussel (Geukensia demissa), common mud crab (Panopeus herbstii), and flat mud crab (Eurypanopeus depressus) within the created reefs were equivalent to that of adjacent natural reefs. From these data it is evident that created oyster reefs can quickly acquire functional ecological attributes of their natural counterparts. Because the demand for oysters continues to increase in the face of dwindling natural resources, habitat creation techniques need to evolve and these approaches need to consider the ancillary ecological benefits reef creation may provide. Reef function as well as physical and ecological linkages of oyster reefs to other habitats (marsh, submerged aquatic vegetation, and bare bottom) should be considered when reefs are created in order to provide the best use of resources to maintain the integrity of estuarine systems.
HONEY BEES, APIS MELLIFERA (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE), AS POLLINATORS OF LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY, VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM, ON NEWFOUNDLAND COASTAL BARRENS

Abstract Flower production, fruit set, and pollinator activity were measured in two 1-year postburn blueberry fields on the coastal barrens of the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Honey bees were stocked at a density of 1.7 colonies/ha in one field while the control field lacked honey bees. Bloom production was similar in the two fields but fruit set was 54% in the test compared with 39% in the control field. Native pollinator (bee) populations were similar between fields but total pollinator populations were much higher in the test field with the difference contributed by honey bees. On the coastal barrens, where native pollinator populations are low and bloom exists in abundance for a short period of time, under-pollination may limit fruit set under some conditions and thus honey bees may have value in increasing fruit yield. Résumé La production de fleurs, la mise à fruit et l'activité pollinisatrice ont été mesurées dans deux champs de bleuet brûlés 1 an auparavant et situés sur les terres côtières dénudées de la péninsule d'Avalon, Terre-Neuve. Des abeilles domestiques ont été implantées à la densité de 1.7/hectare dans un champ, alors qu'elles étaient absentes dans le champ témoin. Bien que la production florale ait été similaire dans les deux champs, la mise à fruit fut de 54% dans le champ testé, comparé à 39% dans le témoin. Les populations naturelles de pollinisateurs (abeilles) étaient similaires dans les deux champs mais les populations totales de pollinisateurs étaient beaucoup plus élevées dans le champ testé, la différence étant due aux abeilles domestiques. Sur les terres côtières dénudées, les populations naturelles de pollinisateurs étant faibles et les fleurs étant abondantes pendant une courte période, l'insuffisance de la pollinisation peut limiter la mise à fruit dans certaines conditions. Les abeilles domestiques seraient alors utiles pour augmenter le rendement en fruit.
Corporate environmental disclosure in the integrated reporting regime: The case of listed mining companies in South Africa

Orientation: The emergence and adoption of integrated reporting (IR) opens up a new agenda for improving the level of environmental disclosures, especially for listed companies. This study explores the environmental information disclosed by mining firms that are listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) and in essence expects that the level of corporate environmental disclosure (CED) will improve compared to the periods prior to the mandatory requirement of IR. Research purpose: This article examines the extent to which IR has influenced the level of CED among mining firms listed on the JSE. In addition, it determines variation in the level of CED on account of corporate governance attributes and firm-based characteristics. Motivation for the study: The natural capital is an integral fundamental concept upon which the other five capitals depend. The negative impacts of mining activities on the environment necessitate that mining firms demonstrate higher levels of commitment in this regard. Research approach/design and method: This study utilises data for the top 100 mining firms in the JSE between 2015 and 2018. This study obtained data on environmental and other variables through content analysis of the annual integrated and sustainability reports of sampled mining firms. Data analysis involves descriptive statistics and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Main findings: We found no improvement in the level of CED under the IR approach compared to earlier periods. Further, the study found that firm size and board size are associated with the level of CED. Practical/managerial implications: If greater disclosure of information is preferable to less, policy-makers and regulators should give particular attention to environmental issues by extending the minimum regulatory requirements concerning the concept of the natural capital. Contribution/value-add: This study is one of the first few studies that bring to fore the relevance of IR to CED in the South African mining sector.
Elevated temperature may intensify the positive effects of nutrients on microbial decomposition in streams

Summary Climate change scenarios predict an increase in global temperature and alterations in precipitation regimes, which may change nutrient concentrations in waterbodies. In forested streams, decomposition of allochthonous organic matter is a key ecosystem process that is affected by the quality of plant litter entering the streams and several environmental factors, including nutrient concentrations, whose interactive effects are difficult to predict. We examined the concomitant effects of increased temperature, concentration of inorganic nutrients in stream water and litter quality on leaf decomposition and activity of microbial decomposers. Leaves of alder (Alnus glutinosa) and oak (Quercus robur), representative of high and low initial N content, respectively, were immersed in a stream (NW Portugal) to allow microbial colonisation and then were exposed in microcosms to increasing concentrations of N-NO3 (0.09–5 mg L−1; six levels) and P-PO4 (0.003–0.3 mg L−1; three levels) alone or in all possible combinations. One set of microcosms was kept at 12 °C, a temperature typically found in Iberian streams in autumn, and the other set at 18 °C to simulate a warming scenario. Nitrogen immobilisation was higher in alder than in oak leaves, and increased with temperature and N concentration in stream water for both leaf species. Leaf decomposition, fungal biomass accrual and reproduction were not affected by P concentration, but overall microbial activity increased asymptotically (Michaelis–Menten kinetics) with N concentration. Increased temperature led to an increase in maximum activity of fungal decomposers and to a decrease in N concentration needed to achieve it, especially in alder leaves. Under the predicted warming scenario, leaf decomposition may become faster in streams with lower nutrient levels, especially those receiving high-quality leaf litter.
Wadi vegetation of the North‐Eastern desert of Egypt

The spatial structure of the wadi vegetation of the North-eastern Desert of Egypt was analyzed on a regional scale (30° 10′ N to 26° 10′N and 30°50′ E to 32°30′ E). The site covers 400 km from north to south and 150 km from west to east. Phytosociological releves selected from published papers were added to authors' releves from the Wadi Sannur. The analysis of the distribution of perennial species was based on 237 releves. Four communities identified were described in relation to two climatic gradients, the first of which, the north/south gradient, is characterized by decreasing annual precipitations and an increasing mean annual temperature. The second, the north-west/south-east, presents an increase in the annual potential of evapotranspiration. A third gradient, a biogeographical one this time, exerts an important role in the floristic composition. The whole of the eastern Desert is dominated by the Saharo-Arabian species but as one moves northward, the proportion of the Mediterranean taxa increases. Some Sudano-Angolan taxa also appear in the southern part. Die raumliche Verteilung der Wadi-Vegetation in der Nordostlichen Wuste Agyptens zwischen 30°10′N bis 26°10′N und 30°50′ E bis 32°30′ E wurde untersucht. Dies ist ein Gebiet von 400 km N–S und 150 km E–W Erstreckung. Ausgewahlte phytosoziologische Aufnahmen aus verschiedenen Publikationen wurden zusammen mit Aufnahmen der Autoren aus dem Wadi Sannur ausgewertet. Insgesamt beruht die Analyse der Verbreitung der perennierenden Arten auf 237 Aufnahmen. Vier ermittelte Gesellschaften werden in bezug auf zwei Klima-Gradienten beschrieben. Der erste, der N–S-Gradient, ist durch sich verringernde jahrliche Niederschlage und steigende mittlere Jahrestemperaturen charakterisiert. Der zweite, der NW–SE-Gradient, zeigt ein Ansteigen des jahrlichen Evaporisations-Potentials. Ein dritter Gradient, hier als biogeographischer Gradient benannt, spielt fur die Zusammensetzung der Flora eine bedeutende Rolle. Insgesamt wird die ostliche Wuste von Saharo-Arabischen Arten dominiert; geht man allerdings nordwarts, dann steigt der Anteil mediterraner Taxa. Im sudlichen Abschnitt treten einige Sudano-Angolanische Elemente auf.
Individual differences in logical intuitions on reasoning problems presented under two-response paradigm

ABSTRACT Studies on individual differences in susceptibility to cognitive biases have identified several cognitive dispositions which were thought to predict reasoning by contributing to the efficiency of analytic thought. However, hybrid models suggest that differences between reasoners may arise already in the intuitive stages of the reasoning process. To address this possibility, we examined standard individual difference measures, mindware instantiation, and conflict detection efficiency as predictors of the accuracy on conflict problems presented under a two-response paradigm. We found that almost half of conflict reasoning problems were solved correctly already at the initial response stage and that the individual differences in initial reasoning performance were predicted by participants’ cognitive reflection, mindware instantiation, and detection efficiency. The findings advance the specification of hybrid dual-process models and provide corroborating evidence that a part of the link between bias susceptibility and cognitive dispositions is due to differences in intuitive processing.
Nursing students’ willingness to care for older adults in Turkey in 2020

Background & Aim: The population of older adults is dramatically increasing in the world. This increase results in more demand for health care services from older adults. So, nurses’ and nursing students’ willingness to care for older adults gain importance. The aim of the study was to determine the willingness of nursing students to care for older adults and the factors affecting this in Turkey. Methods & Materials: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between November-December 2019 in the nursing faculty of a public university. 299 students were randomly selected and data were collected by using a demographic student form and the Willingness to Care for Older People scale. Data were analyzed via the SPSS version 25 program. Results: The great majority (90.3%) of the students were female and the mean age was 21.3±1.2 years. The mean score of the students' willingness to care for the elderly was 36.82±5.96. The willingness to care for the older adults was found to be affected by caring for the older adults in clinical practice (B=2.136, β=0.174, p=0.008) and wanting to live with an elderly relative (B=2.022, β=0.168, p=0.016). Conclusion: The experience of caring for an older adult in clinical practice and to be willing to live with an older relative in the same house is positively associated with the willingness of student nurses to consider geriatric nursing as an option.
Classification of tomato leaf diseases using MobileNet v2

Tomato is a red-colored edible fruit originated from the American continent. There are a lot of plant diseases associated with tomatoes such as leaf mold, late blight, and mosaic virus. Tomato is an important vegetable crop that contributes to the world economically. Despite tremendous efforts in plant management, viral diseases are notoriously difficult to control and eradicate completely. Thus, accurate and faster detection of plant diseases is needed to mitigate the problem at the early stage. A computer vision approach is proposed to identify the disease by capturing the leaf images and detect the possibility of the diseases. A deep learning classifier is utilized to make a robust decision that covers a wide variety of leaf appearances. Compact deep learning architecture, which is MobileNet V2 has been fine-tuned to detect three types of tomato diseases. The algorithm is tested on 4,671 images from PlantVillage dataset. The results show that MobileNet V2 is able to detect the disease up to more than 90% accuracy.
Effects of different protein plants in cows diet on milk for Parmigiano Reggiano production

Abstract Two homogeneous groups of dairy cows were fed the same base diet added with a concentrate containing 10 % of soybean meal or 10.1 % of faba bean and 10.1 % of pea. The substitution of soybean meal with faba bean + pea reduced dry matter intake (−0.83 kg/head/day equivalent to 3.5%) and milk yield (−1.29 kg/head/day equivalent to 3.9%), but increased fat and casein concentrations in milk and, as a consequence, cheese yield at 32 hours (P>0.01). The present data show that is possible feed a GMO free diet to dairy cows, without using soybean meal.
The nitrogen content of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers in relation to nitrogen application—the effect on amino acid composition and yields

The effect of nitrogen application on the nitrogen content and yield of amino acids from potato tubers was studied in one experiment in 1983 and two in 1984. Increasing fertiliser N over the range 0–250 kg ha−1 raised tuber nitrogen concentrations from 0.68–0.81 to 1.27–1.49% DM. Applying half the fertiliser on the seedbed and half at tuber initiation did not increase tuber nitrogen concentrations compared with a single broadcast application at planting. Increasing tuber nitrogen concentrations had little effect upon the proportion recovered in amides or the different amino acids. Yields of some nutritionally essential amino acids were, therefore, substantially increased up to a maximum of 256 kg ha−1 in 1982 and 308 and 384 kg ha−1 in 1984 at the highest fertiliser level. These yields were significantly higher (P<0.01) than those found with the nitrogen application rate optimal for tuber dry matter production (213, 195 and 331 kg N ha−1, respectively) in the same experiments. Methionine and cystine were the limiting essential amino acids. As the amount of each amino acid contained in a unit weight of fresh tuber increased with nitrogen supply, application of more nitrogen than is needed for maximal tuber dry matter production increased protein yields without decreasing the nutritional quality.
Modelling the effects of temperature on the rates of seedling emergence and leaf appearance in legume cover crops

Simple models of the growth and development of legume cover crops in different environments may aid the selection of species and genotypes most suitable for particular farming systems. The effects of temperature and photoperiod on the daily rate of seedling emergence (1/t50%) and the rate of leaf appearance (leaves d⊃−1&/sup;) were quantified for 12 diverse legume cover crop species. Six tropical or subtropical species were grown in 12 combinations of mean temperature (16.8, 21.8 and 26.8 °C) and photoperiod (11.5, 12.5, 13.5 and 14.5 h d⊃−1&/sup;). Another six genotypes of temperate species were grown in nine combinations of mean temperature (16.8, 21.8 and 26.8 °C) and photoperiod (12.5, 13.5 and 14.5 h d⊃−1&/sup;). Durations from sowing to 50% seedling emergence (t50%) were recorded and the number of leaves on the main stem counted during early vegetative growth. Photoperiod did not affect either 1/t50% or leaves d⊃−1&/sup;. However, the effects of temperature, photoperiod response group (short-day or long-day response), genotype or species and their interactions were all significant. An optimal temperature between 21.8 and 26.8 °C for leaves d⊃−1&/sup; was identified for Vicia sativa, Vicia dasycarpa and Lupinus mutabilis. Below the optimum temperature, 1/t50% and leaves d⊃−1&/sup; were positive linear functions of temperature for all legume species except Vicia dasycarpa. Estimates of base temperature (Tb) and thermal time (θ) for 1/t50% and leaves d−1 were obtained for each legume cover crop from these functions. Common values of Tb were found within each photoperiod response group: 9 °C and 1 °C for 1/t50%, and 10 °C and −2 °C for leaves d⊃−1&/sup; for short-day and long-day species respectively. Differences among species were represented by variant estimates of θ. The practical consequences of the combined effects of these values of Tb and θ for selecting legume cover crops for particular farming systems are discussed.
European meat market trends and consumer preference for poultry meat in buying decision making process

The meat industry is one of the most competitive international branches and is currently in its mature stage of development. This paper concentrates on the prospects for European meat market trends and on results from primary quantitative research which was carried out using a method of individual personal interviews in a sample of 800 poultry meat consumers, aged between 18 and 65 years and in Slovenia. The aim of this paper is to present trends and projections on production and consumption of poultry meat, regardless of the fluctuations in the previous years, and to enable a better understanding of consumers' attitude and perception towards poultry meat. Taking into account that research has been conducted in the poultry sector in Slovenia generally and on consumer perceptions specifically, the results of this research may be used for planning further marketing activities.
Some Relations between Ants and Fungi

The remarkable fungus-growing and fungus-feeding habits of the neotropical Attiine ants, first surmised by Belt (1874) and Fritz Muller (1874) and subsequently elucidated by the classical investigations of Tanner (1892), Alfred Moeller (1893), Huber (1905) and Wheeler (0907), have led to a search for other fungivorous representatives of the Formicidae. Emery (i899) is of the opinion that Messor barbarus subsp. structor Latr. feeds upon fungi, as well as seeds and other food-substances. Lagerheim (i900) states that Lasius fuliginosus Latr. cultivates Cladotrichumt myrmecophilurn (Fres.) Lag. ,1 which functions as a food and in giving stability to the walls of its carton nest. Ferdinandsen and Winge (i908) quote Raunkiaer as having reached the conclusion that Chrornosporium formicarun Ferd. & Wge. is eaten by the ants in whose nest it grows. Farquharson (19I4) appears to favor the view that certain Nigerian Crematogasters are fungus-f armers. Donisthorpe (I9I5) believes that Cladosporium myrmecophilum (Fres.) Ell. is an important item of food in the diet of Lasius fuliginosus, and that Hormniscium pithyophilum (Wallr.) Saccr. var. rnyrmecophilum Ell. is cultivated by L. umibratus Nyl. Elliott (I9I4) suggests that the " pure cultures " of fungi in the carton nests of L. fuliginosus and L. umibratus probably originate-as is the case with fungi cultivated by certain Attiine ants-by a transfer of a definite culture of mycelium which is subsequently manured, tended and weeded by the ants. The principal arguments advanced in favor of the view that various Formicidae, other than the Attii, cultivate and feed upon fungi are the following: (i) The association of a particular fungus with a particular species of ant, (2) the occurrence of the fungus in "pure cultures," (3) the cropping of aerial and other hyphae by the workers and, (4) analogies with the fungus-growing and fungus-feeding habits of the Attiine ants. It is to be emphasized in this connection, however, that the occurrence of more or less pure cultures of a particular fungus in the domatia of a given species of insect, does not indicate necessarily that the mycelium is actually cultivated and eaten by the latter, since, as suggested by Perkins (1914), the mats of hyphae may be adventitious. Nor is the cropping of aerial hyphae conclu-