Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depression, Anxiety, Perceived Stress and Family Support in COVID-19 Patients

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Iran in February 2020 and then quickly spread to many cities. Different factors contribute to the numerous psychological problems of this pandemic in patients, healthcare workers and the community. This study investigated the prevalence of perceived stress, anxiety and depression in COVID-19 patients hospitalized between March and April 2020 and revealed associations of these factors with social support received from family. Method : In this cross-sectional study, patients with COVID-19 admitted between 21st of March and 22nd of April 2020 were evaluated by three questionnaires: Anxiety and depression were evaluated using the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), stress levels were evaluated using the four-item perceived stress scale (PSS-4) and family support was evaluated using the perceived social support scale-family (PSS-Fa). In addition to obtaining prevalence of the noted psychological disorders and their relationship with demographic details, relationship of stress, anxiety and depression with family support was also investigated using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Participants comprised 100 COVID-19 patients (38 females and 62 males). Findings suggested high levels of perceived stress in 26% of the participants, anxiety symptoms existed in 29% and borderline conditions existed in 17%. Moreover, depressive and its borderline symptoms were respectively observed in 17% and 23%. Family support was found to negatively and significantly correlated with anxiety (Pearson correlation = -0.249, P < 0.05) and depression. (Pearson correlation = -0.221, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of anxiety and depression in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, it is recommended to further focus on non-clinical interventions, such as providing psychological first aids, boosting psychological resilience, and enabling greater family support, in efforts to prevent transformation of these psychological symptoms into long-term psychological disorders.
Mowing the grass

Mowing the grass is a cyclical pattern in counterterrorism campaigns where governments attack to destroy terrorist capacity, thereby achieving a period of quiet as groups recover. If groups expect their capacity to be destroyed, why build their capabilities in the first place? I analyze an infinite-horizon dynamic game where a group endogenously builds capacity in the face of potential attacks and capacity is an evolving, persistent variable. The model highlights that terrorist groups and governments have incentives to create strategic uncertainty and thus explains attack cycles without punishment strategies, revenge preferences or imperfect/incomplete information. I calibrate the model to time-series data in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict describing rockets fired from Gaza. The results illustrate a peace-making dilemma: altering the government’s incentives will have comparatively minimal effects on long-term conflict dynamics, whereas changing the terrorists’ incentives to acquire capacity would either increase the frequency of high-capacity terrorism or government attacks.
UHPLC-MS Metabolomic Fingerprinting, Antioxidant, and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Himantormia lugubris from Antarctica

Himantormia lugubris is a Chilean native small lichen shrub growing in the Antarctica region. In this study, the metabolite fingerprinting and the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential from this species and its four major isolated compounds were investigated for the first time. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS), several metabolites were identified including specific compounds as chemotaxonomical markers, while major metabolites were quantified in this species. A good inhibition activity against cholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) IC50: 12.38 ± 0.09 µg/mL, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) IC50: 31.54 ± 0.20 µg/mL) and tyrosinase (22.32 ± 0.21 µg/mL) enzymes of the alcoholic extract and the main compounds (IC50: 28.82 ± 0.10 µg/mL, 36.43 ± 0.08 µg/mL, and 7.25 ± 0.18 µg/mL, respectively, for the most active phenolic atranol) was found. The extract showed a total phenolic content of 47.4 + 0.0 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g. In addition, antioxidant activity was assessed using bleaching of DPPH and ORAC (IC50: 75.3 ± 0.02 µg/mL and 32.7 ± 0.7 μmol Trolox/g lichen, respectively) and FRAP (27.8 ± 0.0 μmol Trolox equivalent/g) experiments. The findings suggest that H. lugubris is a rich source of bioactive compounds with potentiality in the prevention of neurodegenerative or noncommunicable chronic diseases.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Food Pantry Use and Barriers in Massachusetts during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study sought to describe racial disparities in food insecurity, food pantry use, and barriers to and experiences with food pantries during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed 2928 adults in Massachusetts regarding food access in the year before and during the first year of the pandemic. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models assessed racial differences in barriers to and experiences with pantry use during the pandemic. Black and Latino adults experienced the highest prevalence of food insecurity and pantry use. Additionally, Black and Latino adults reported more barriers to, but less stigma around, pantry use compared to White adults. Latino adults were less likely to know about pantry hours/locations and encounter staff who spoke their language. Black and Latino adults were also more likely to find pantry hours/locations inconvenient and have difficulty with transportation. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased food insecurity, and food access inequities persisted. Programmatic policies to improve pantry access in communities of color could include increasing the hours/days that pantries are open, increasing bilingual staff, providing transportation or delivery, and creating multilingual public awareness campaigns on how to locate pantries.
The Mediating Role of Compassion between Social Job Resources, and Healthy Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study with Gender Perspective

The aim of this study is to examine the role of Compassion towards others as a mediator between Social Job Resources (social support climate, coordination, and positive leadership), Healthy Employees (psychological well-being such as resilience, engagement, and optimism) and Healthy Organisational Outcomes (in-role performance, extra-role performance and commitment) from a gender perspective in healthcare professionals. Through the multiple analyses of variance, structural equation models, and multiple-group analyses in a sample of 1420 healthcare professionals from different public and private hospitals in Spain, this study proved the existence of gender differences, with women perceiving higher levels of Compassion. Moreover, this study shows that Compassion partially mediates the relationship between Social Job Resources and Healthy Employees. In addition, Compassion partially mediates the relationship between Social Job Resources and Healthy Organisational Outcomes. Finally, Healthy Employees mediate the positive relationship between Social Job Resources and Healthy Organisational Outcomes. This is an innovative contribution to the limited research examining Compassion towards others as a personal resource that can have a positive impact in the workplace. The results also propose a way to develop and conduct interventions in order to increase Compassion towards others in the healthcare context.
Effect of high-fluoride dentifrice on root dentine de-remineralization exposed to erosion challenge in vitro

Background High-fluoride dentifrice can be used to manage dental erosion; however, little is known about it effect on root dentine previously demineralized. This study evaluated the effect of high-fluoride treatment on dentin de/remineralization exposed to an erosion challenge in vitro. Material and Methods Sound and demineralized dentine blocks were submitted to a 5-days-erosive challenge in soft drink (4/day during 90 s) and treated with fluoride solutions (0, 1,100, or 5,000 µg F/mL). After this, the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SHL) or recovery (%SHR) was calculated. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test with p fixed at 5%. Results High-fluoride treatment was able to reduce dentine remineralization and increase mineral recovery of previously demineralized dentine compared to other treatments tested (p<0.05). Conclusions High-fluoride treatment was able to increase the remineralization and reduce the demineralization of root dentine submitted to an erosive challenge in vitro, being an option for the erosion prevention/treatment. Key words:Fluorides, root caries, tooth erosion, toothpastes.
Microbial Community Composition of the Antarctic Ecosystems: Review of the Bacteria, Fungi, and Archaea Identified through an NGS-Based Metagenomics Approach

Antarctica represents a unique environment, both due to the extreme meteorological and geological conditions that govern it and the relative isolation from human influences that have kept its environment largely undisturbed. However, recent trends in climate change dictate an unavoidable change in the global biodiversity as a whole, and pristine environments, such as Antarctica, allow us to study and monitor more closely the effects of the human impact. Additionally, due to its inaccessibility, Antarctica contains a plethora of yet uncultured and unidentified microorganisms with great potential for useful biological activities and production of metabolites, such as novel antibiotics, proteins, pigments, etc. In recent years, amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) has allowed for a fast and thorough examination of microbial communities to accelerate the efforts of unknown species identification. For these reasons, in this review, we present an overview of the archaea, bacteria, and fungi present on the Antarctic continent and the surrounding area (maritime Antarctica, sub-Antarctica, Southern Sea, etc.) that have recently been identified using amplicon-based NGS methods.
The African Journal of Information Systems The African

Agile methods and Agile scaling frameworks have become a solution for software-developing organizations striving to improve the success of software projects. Agile methods were developed for small projects, but due to their benefits, even large software-developing organizations have adopted them to scale their software projects. This quantitative study was undertaken to deepen the researchers’ understanding of the critical success factors and challenges of Scaled Agile from the South African perspective. A simple random sampling method was used. Data was collected with the use of an online structured questionnaire and the response rate was 70%. The results reveal that customer satisfaction remains at the epicenter of adopting Scaled Agile methods. Lack of top management support remains the major challenge in adopting Scaled Agile. The results reveal some notable changes when it comes to the most adopted Agile scaling framework.
Characterization of Iron Loading in the Hamp Knockout Rat

3 Introduction.4 Materials and Methods.7 Animal Experiments.7 Non-Heme Iron Measurements.8 Tissue Histology.8 Statistical Analysis.8 Results.9 Non-Heme Iron Measurements.9 Tissue Histology.9 Discussion.10 Literature Cited.13 Supporting Figures/Tables.16 Figure 1: Non-Heme Tissue Iron Levels.16 Figure 2: Tissue Histology.18 Figure 3: Late-Stage Tissue Histology.20
Title: Glycaemic (HbA1c) variability and mortality in older people (age ≥70 years) with diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study.

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Vaccine Supply Chain Resilience and International Cooperation*

Accelerating the pace of vaccine development and manufacturing was crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic. In record time, multiple COVID-19 vaccines were invented, proceeded successfully through clinical trials, and began to be produced at commercial scale. Yet, an open question is whether elements of that sequential process, especially investment in production capacity, could have been started earlier so that more vaccine doses would have arrived sooner. Potentially millions of lives, as well as trillions of dollars of economic activity, could have been saved. Why governments did not intervene more to accelerate and expand vaccine production capacity remains a puzzle. Heading into the pandemic, much of the pharmaceutical industry was characterized by a fragmented production process, relying on outsourcing to contract manufacturers, often also with offshoring to firms located abroad. A plant to manufacture the drug substance for a vaccine, for example, might be located in one country, while a second country would host a second and different type of facility to then formulate that vaccine and place it into vials for distribution. Furthermore, specialized inputs for the industry may only have been available through imports. A vaccine manufacturer in India or Germany might require variable inputs only supplied, at least in the very short run, by a firm at arm’s length located in the United States or United Kingdom. This paper provides a theoretical framework to investigate a number of potential implications of these issues. It provides one justification for why most of the early vaccine supply chains to emerge during the COVID-19 pandemic
Acute cellular and molecular responses and chronic adaptations to 1 low-load blood flow restriction and high-load resistance exercise

School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, 8 Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Academy of Sport, Nathan, Australia; Department of 9 Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Science, Oslo, Norway; Åstrand 10 Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Swedish School of 11 Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden; Queensland University of Technology, 12 School of Biomedical Science, Brisbane, Australia; Griffith Sports Science, School of 13 Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. 14
Oxygen reduction reaction on electrochemically deposited sub-monolayers Oxygen reduction reaction on electrochemically deposited sub-monolayers and ultra-thin layers of Pt on (Nb-Ti) 2 AlC substrate

Catalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 was investigated at sub-monolayers and ultra-thin layers (corresponding to 10, 30 and 100 monolayers, (MLs)) of Pt electrochemically deposited on (Nb-Ti) 2 AlC substrate. Electrochemical deposition of Pt layers on (Nb-Ti) 2 AlC substrate was achieved from the solution containing 3 mM K 2 PtCl 4 + 0.5 M NaCl (pH 4) under the conditions of convective diffusion (RPM = 400) using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) at a sweep rate of 2 mV s -1 , by determining limiting potential for deposition of each Pt sample from the Q Pt vs. E curves. The Pt samples were characterized X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS analysis showed that practically the whole surface of (Nb-Ti) 2 AlC substrate is covered with homogeneous layer of Pt, while Pt ion reduction was complete to metallic form – Pt(0) valence state. Then oxygen reduction was studied at rotating disc electrode by cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry. Two different Tafel slopes were observed, one close to 60 mV dec -1 in low current densities region and second one ~ 120 mV dec -1 in high current densities region. This novel catalyst exhibited higher activity in comparison to carbon supported one, in terms of mass activity – kinetic current density normalized to Pt loading.
Light and thermal niches of ground-foraging Amazonian insectivorous birds

Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University and LSU AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA Integral Ecology Research Center, Blue Lake, California, USA Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
Exploring the Dialectics Underlying Institutionalization of IT Artifacts

: We examine the relationship between information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) and local historically embedded institutions. We argue that, to understand the process of implementing IT artifacts, one needs to consider not only technical feasibility and economic viability but also institutional permissibility. We present a novel theoretical framework based on dialectics and institutional theory and apply it to a case study that contributes a dialectics-centered framework illustrated with empirical data from the informal sector in Latin America. The analysis demonstrates the institutionalization of IT artifacts as a conflicted and contested process and that historical institutions may enable some forms of institutionalization while resisting others contrary to social norms. We examine the emergence of contradictions, active praxis, and the resulting outcomes before concluding that, for IT artifacts to contribute to development, one must emphasize the embedded institutional arrangements and contestation that historically embedded institutions present. We conclude the paper by discussing the theoretical and practical implications.
Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcomes of Foreign Bodies in the Ear among Patients Attended at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania

: Background : Globally, foreign bodies (FBs) in the ear are commonly encountered by otolaryngologists and its removal can result in complications if attempts of removal are made outside the healthcare setting by untrained personnel. This study describes the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes among patients presenting with FB s in the ear at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) . Methods: This was a cross sectional study that was conducted at BMC between May 2019 and October 2019. Results: A total of 70 patients (M: F ratio = 1.3:1) were studied. The mean age at presentation for children was 5.1[±2.2] years, whereas that of adults was 28.9 [±16.1] years. The FBs were found in the right ear in 44(62.9%) patients, left ear in 25(35.7%) patients and in both ears in 1(1.4%) patient. Cotton was the most common FB in 34.3% of cases. Previous history of failed attempted ear FB removal by peripheral hospitals was reported in 15(21.4%) patients. Methods used in the removal of ear FB were ear syringing in 42(60.0%) patients, forceps extraction in 15(21%) cases, FB removal by suctioning 4(6%) and hooks in 9(15%) patients. Complications observed were external ear canal laceration (n=13; 50.0%), tympanic membrane perforation (n=9; 34.6%), otitis externa (n=3; 11.5%) and chronic otitis media (n=1; 3.8%) and were significantly associated with late presentation (≥ 7 days) ( p -value =0.021) and previous history of failed attempted ear FB removal ( p -value < 0.001). The outcome of treatment was excellent as all of the ear FBs were successfully removed with good improvement in hearing and clinical relief of symptoms. Conclusion : Ear FBs are common at BMC with the highest incidence in children less than 10years. Removal attempts by peripheral hospitals and delayed attending to specialized hospitals predisposes to complications. Parental education on close monitoring of their children to avoid such incidences and the need to immediately seek otorhinolaryngologists to prevent complications are emphasized. terms
Analysis of Phytoplankton Structure Community, Water Quality and Cultivation Performance in Litopenaeus vannamei Intensive Pond Located in Tembokrejo Village, Muncar, Banyuwangi

Phytoplankton plays an important role in Litopenaeus vannamei cultivation. It plays a role as natural feed, water quality control, and indicator of shrimp cultivation success. The community structure of phytoplankton can be influenced by organic matter concentration in ponds. On the other hand, water quality and phytoplankton community structure also influence the productivity of shrimp cultivation. The research aimed to analyze the phytoplankton structure community, cultivation performance and the water quality in one of vananmei shrimp cultivation located in Muncar District. The research used the descriptive method. The research was conducted in two shrimp intensive system ponds in Tembokrejo Village, Muncar District, Banyuwangi, on February-March 2020. Parameters observed were composition, diversity, and density of phytoplankton, water quality parameters, and production performance in each pond. Based on the results, five phytoplankton classes was found: Bacillariophyceae (12 genera), Chlorophyceae (4 genera), Cyanophyceae (8 genera), Dinophyceae (2 genera), and Euglenophyceae (1 genus). Based on the density, Cyclotella and Chlorella were dominated in both ponds. Diversity index values on ponds 1 and ponds 2 were 1.64 and 1.71, respectively. The productivity of both ponds was 10.794 kg.ha-1 and 11.698 kg.ha-1, FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio) were 0.99 and 1.18, and ADG (Average Daily Growth) on both ponds were 0.16 g.day-1. Water quality parameters in both ponds showed an optimal range for vannamei cultivation, except phosphate, which is quite high. Overall, the cultivation performance of both ponds in our research showed good results. However, cultivation performance obtained in this research was not on its best performance yet due to Infectious Myonecrosis (IMNV) infection.
Neurotoxicity to dopamine neurons after serial exposure to alcohol and methamphetamine: Roles for microglia and cyclooxygenase-2

A significant co-morbidity exists between alcohol and methamphetamine (Meth) in humans but the consequences and mechanisms underlying their co-morbid effects remain to be identified. A consequence associated with the abuse of either alcohol or Meth involves inflammation but little is known about the role of inflammation in a possible neurotoxicity arising from their coexposure. Sprague Dawley rats were allowed 28 days of intermittent, voluntary access to 10% ethanol (EtOH) followed by a neurotoxic binge administration of Meth. EtOH drinking followed by Meth increased microglial cell counts and produced morphological changes in microglia of the substantia nigra pars compacta 2 hr after Meth administration that were distinct from those produced by either EtOH or Meth alone. These effects preceded the activation of cleaved caspase-3 in dopamine cell bodies, as well as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra and dopamine transporter (DAT) immunoreactivity in the striatum measured at 7 days after Meth. Intervention with a selective COX-2 inhibitor during EtOH drinking prevented the changes in microglia, and attenuated the increase in cleaved caspase-3, and decreases in TH and DAT after Meth administration. Furthermore, motor dysfunction measured by a rotarod test was evident but only in rats that were exposed to both EtOH and Meth. The motor dysfunction was ameliorated by prior inhibition of COX-2 during EtOH drinking. The exaggerated neurochemical and behavioral deficits indicate that the comorbidity of EtOH and Meth induces a degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway and support the role of inflammation produced by EtOH drinking that primes and mediates the neurotoxic consequences associated with the common co-morbidity of these drugs.