Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The bumpy road to ‘becoming’: capturing the stories that teenage mothers told about their journey into motherhood

Understanding the experience of women who become mothers during their teenage years is central to ensuring that the support that is offered is appropriate to meet their needs. This paper reports on a small part of a larger ethnographic study that captured the lived experience of young mothers who were between the ages of 16 and 19 years that potentially typifies and illuminates the experiences of young women who become mothers in their teenage years. By collecting data from narrative interviews as well as participant and non-participant observations over an extended period of time it was possible to identify how the young women experienced a range of difficulties as they made their transition into motherhood. Drawing on the findings, this paper argues that this transition for teenage mothers can be significantly different from the experience of older mothers, and it identifies the importance of appropriate support to mediate the challenges that they face. Understanding the young women's journey to ‘becoming’ is critical when planning services because if their experience of support is negative, it can lead to increased levels of maternal stress and reluctance to engage with support services.
University of Birmingham A New Reduced-Length Genetic Representation for Evolutionary Multiobjective Clustering

The last decade has seen a growing body of research illustrating the advantages of the evolutionary multiobjective approach to data clustering. The scalability of such an approach, however, is a topic which merits more attention given the unprecedented volumes of data generated nowadays. This paper proposes a reduced-length representation for evolutionary multiobjective clustering. The new encoding explicitly prunes the solution space and allows the search method to focus on its most promising regions. Moreover, it allows us to precompute information in order to alleviate the computational overhead caused by the processing of candidate individuals during optimisation. We investigate the suitability of this proposal in the context of a representative algorithm from the literature: MOCK. Our results indicate that the new reduced-length representation signiﬁcantly improves the eﬀectiveness and computational eﬃciency of MOCK speciﬁcally, and can be seen as a further step towards a better scalability of evolutionary multiobjective clustering in general.
Effect of Career Management Practices on Employee Performance inMurang’a Water and Sanitation Company Limited .

Performance of an organization largely depends on the workforce it has. Employee performance may be affected by many factors, career management among them. The literature reviewed provided information on effects of career management on performance in organizations in various parts of the world thereby giving a limited global view. The studies reviewed indicate a gap in literature that this area of study still remains largely un-explored, shown by the fact that literature on career management in Kenya is lacking, yet the subject has a global attention evidenced by scholarly work reviewed in this study. Similar studies have not been done at county level in Kenya and in particular, Murang’a County. It is against this background that the study sought to establish the effects of career management practices on employee performance in Murang’a Water and Sanitation Company Limited (MUWASCO) in Murang’a County in Kenya. Specifically the study sought to establish the extent to which skills development, supervisory support and performance feedback have been implemented and their effect on employee performance in MUWASCO. The study was guided by Super’s life span theory. Descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. The target population was 150 employees and the researcher employed census sampling technique. The data collection instrument was self-administered questionnaires. Absolute forms of mean, standard deviation and percentages were employed in descriptive analysis. Regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between dependent and the independent variables of the study . The response rate was 85% hence reliability and validity of the study. From the analysis it was observed that the organization has implemented skills development, supervisory support and performance feedback as indicated by 39%, 70.47% and 81.89% respectively. The research findings revealed that 84.25% were in agreement that career management practices have contributed to employee performance. The study therefore concluded that career management practices highly influence employee performance and thus recommends that the organization should organize regular seminars, workshops and training sessions to improve the skills of workers. The study suggests use of training needs analysis to inform preparation of training programs for effective outcomes. Further, mentorship and career guidance programs are recommended to guide career goals and plans in order to enhance employee performance .
Micromechanical study of loading rate eﬀects between a hole and a crack

The interactions between defects are important in rocks. The micromechanical interactions between a circular hole and a pre-existing crack under uniaxial compression with diﬀerent loading rates are investigated by the discrete element method (DEM). The crack initiation, crack propagation, and crack coalescence at diﬀerent loading rates are studied. The loading rates inﬂuence the primary as well as secondary cracks. Both the primary and secondary cracks disturb the stress ﬁeld and displacement ﬁeld. The DEM simulation explains the initiation position of the primary and secondary cracks. The evolution of the displacement ﬁeld and the stress ﬁeld at diﬀerent loading rates is analyzed. A new displacement ﬁeld type is observed. The hole is easier to be broken by compression at higher loading rates while it tends to be broken by the coalescence crack at lower loading rates. The high loading rates lead to shielding eﬀects of the hole on the pre-existing crack. (cid:1) 2018 Tongji University and Tongji University Press. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Owner. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Volatility-adjusted Performance an Alternative Approach to Interpret Long-run Returns

This paper investigates long-run returns by utilizing log-normal distribution properties of cross-sectional buy-and-hold returns. We decompose expected cross-sectional buy-and-hold returns into transformed mean components and volatility components. This decomposition shows that the volatility component contributes positively to the right-skewed buy-and-hold returns due to Jensen's inequality. Given the log-normal distribution properties are fulfilled, the method can be applied to any type of long-horizon event study of security performance. We apply the method to IPO stocks and SEO stocks listed on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange. Using traditional standard techniques , we find that IPO stocks and SEO stocks under perform relative to the market after five years by 27.3 percent and 21.4 percent, respectively. However, the volatility-adjusted performance measure shows that the IPO stocks and SEO stocks under perform relative to the market after five years by 43.7 percent and 38.1 percent, respectively. We have benefited from the comments of a seminar at the Center of Analytical Finance and the Nordic Workshop on Corporate Finance. Any comments are gratefully appreciated. The usual disclaimer applies.
A possible role of galactic cosmic rays in chlorine activation during polar night

Observations indicate that extremely low concentrations of HCl prevail in the stratosphere just after the end of polar night in Antarctica. This is mostly explained by the fast heterogeneous reactions of HCl with ClONO2 and HOCl. Just prior to polar night normal gas phase partitioning indicates that HOCl and ClONO2 constitute only about 30% of the inorganic chlorine reservoir, the major portion being HCl. Thus about 60% of the initial HCl would remain (after titration with HOCl and ClONO2) by the end of polar night. We suggest that further processing may be effected through the reaction of N2O5 with HCl on polar stratospheric cloud surfaces, the N2O5 being produced from NO radicals formed by the action of galactic cosmic rays. The efficiency of this process is controlled by the relative rate of the competing heterogeneous reaction of N2O5 with H2O. Moreover, galactic cosmic rays form OH radicals that further augment HCl processing. Through model calculations we show that this mechanism can considerably enhance the conversion of HCl into active chlorine, leading to an almost 50% lower HCl concentration shortly after the end of polar night compared to cases where galactic cosmic rays were neglected.
AI-guided discovery of the invariant host response to viral pandemics

We sought to define the host immune response, a.k. a, the “cytokine storm” that has been implicated in fatal COVID-19 using an AI-based approach. Over 45,000 transcriptomic datasets of viral pandemics were analyzed to extract a 166-gene signature using ACE2 as a ‘seed’ gene; ACE2 was rationalized because it encodes the receptor that facilitates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) into host cells. Surprisingly, this 166-gene signature was conserved in all viral pandemics, including COVID-19, and a subset of 20-genes classified disease severity, inspiring the nomenclatures ViP and severe-ViP signatures, respectively. The ViP signatures pinpointed a paradoxical phenomenon wherein lung epithelial and myeloid cells mount an IL15 cytokine storm, and epithelial and NK cell senescence and apoptosis determines severity/fatality. Precise therapeutic goals were formulated and subsequently validated in high-dose SARS-CoV-2-challenged hamsters using neutralizing antibodies that abrogate SARS-CoV-2•ACE2 engagement. IL15/IL15RA were elevated in the lungs of patients with fatal disease, and plasma levels of the cytokine tracked with disease severity. Thus, the ViP signatures provide a quantitative and qualitative framework for titrating the immune response in viral pandemics and may serve as a powerful unbiased tool to rapidly assess disease severity and vet candidate drugs. One Sentence Summary The host immune response in COVID-19.
Learning to Make Sense: What Works in Entrepreneurial Education? Learning to Make Sense: What Works in Entrepreneurial Education?

Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or not­for­profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. Objectives: The article aims to explore the changing influences and relevance of passive and experiential methods of learning within what can be described as a new era of entrepreneurial education. What still largely remains unaddressed in the literature is how are entrepreneur's best educated and developed in a manner which can have a direct impact on their personal and business development. Prior Work: The article suggests that learning is action-oriented, and that entrepreneurs are not merely " doers " ; they are " practitioners ". An integral part of being a " practitioner " is the use of practice to help move the firm beyond the " adaptive " learning which takes place in naturally occurring non-contrived learning occasions. Approach: The article is theoretical in its intent and adopts a social constructionist view of knowledge and learning. The research approach is informed by practitioner-based practice and research, education and participation as a process of social learning. Practical Implications: The article sets out to develop an argument against the traditional 'passive' means of business education, by suggesting that entrepreneurs who are exposed to passive learning are spectators rather than active participators. Originality/Value: The article contributes to our current understanding of entrepreneurial learning by recognising that entrepreneurial learning in the context of higher education takes place beyond the domain of the classroom learning experiences, through experiential and discovery based learning which questions traditional orthodox pedagogies. The article illustrates how knowledge is constructed through a situated practice of knowing, and demonstrates how a practice-based perspective might be useful for the study of entrepreneurial education. Introduction The small entrepreneurial firm is often referred to as the driving force of economic development as a result of their diversity, flexibility and the fact that they account of a large portion of the gross domestic product and employment in the UK. Due to the nature and size of the small entrepreneurial firm, decision-making, innovation and business process …
Edinburgh Research Explorer Regulation of the myocardial endothelin system by angiotensin-II and losartan

Summary: Evidence for interactions between the endothelin (ET) and renin–angiotensin systems is plentiful in vitro, but few studies have investigated these interactions in vivo. In the study reported here, we have investigated the influence of chronic angiotensin-II (A-II) infusion in vivo on expression of preproendothelin-1 (PPET-1) and endothelin-A-(ET A ) and endothelin-B-(ET B ) receptor mRNA in the heart. The role of the angiotensin type 1 (AT1)- receptor in mediating the actions of A-II was studied using losartan, the selective AT1-receptor antagonist. Male rats received an infusion of A-II (200 ng/kg/min) or vehicle for 14 days via mini-osmotic pumps; losartan (10 mg/kg/day) was administered in the drinking water. PPET-1 and ET A - and ET B -receptor mRNA were detected in heart sections using nonradioactive antisense in situ hybridization. Independent treatments with either A-II or losartan had no significant effect on PPET-1, ET A - or ET B -receptor expression. Combined treatment resulted in an increase in PPET-1 mRNA (p < 0.001) and ET B -receptor mRNA expression (p < 0.01), while ET A -receptor mRNA expression was decreased (p < 0.001). These results suggest that selective AT1-receptor blockade, in the presence of an elevated plasma A-II concentration, causes upregulation of ET-1 synthesis in the myocardium as well as modification of ET receptor expression. These effects may be mediated via angiotensin type 2 (AT2)-recep- tors.
Context-Aware Synthesis for Video Frame Context-Aware Synthesis for Video Frame Interpolation Interpolation

Video frame interpolation algorithms typically estimate optical ﬂow or its variations and then use it to guide the synthesis of an intermediate frame between two consecutive original frames. To handle challenges like occlusion, bidirectional ﬂow between the two input frames is often estimated and used to warp and blend the input frames. However, how to effectively blend the two warped frames still remains a challenging problem. This paper presents a context-aware synthesis approach that warps not only the input frames but also their pixel-wise contextual information and uses them to interpolate a high-quality intermediate frame. Speciﬁcally, we ﬁrst use a pre-trained neural network to extract per-pixel contextual information for input frames. We then employ a state-of-the-art optical ﬂow algo-rithm to estimate bidirectional ﬂow between them and pre-warp both input frames and their context maps. Finally, unlike common approaches that blend the pre-warped frames, our method feeds them and their context maps to a video frame synthesis neural network to produce the interpolated frame in a context-aware fashion. Our neural network is fully convolutional and is trained end to end. Our experiments show that our method can handle challenging scenarios such as occlusion and large motion and outperforms representative state-of-the-art approaches.
the role of Self

Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the ability to compute and attribute mental states to oneself and other people. This study sought to assess the extent of differentiation between ‘Self’ and ‘Other’ in ToM processes, and, of particular importance, the key role of perspective-shifting between ‘Self’ and ‘Other’. Utilizing a newly established false-belief paradigm in a matched design, healthy adult participants completed the task whilst behavioural measures (response times, error rates) and electrophysiological (EEG) recordings were taken. Results revealed that self-oriented belief-attribution was faster and less error-prone than other-oriented belief-attribution, and demonstrated a key role of perspective-shifting. Perspective shifts from Self-to-Other resulted in longer response times and more errors than shifts from Other-to-Self. In contrast, no difference between self and other probes was found in no perspective-shift trials. Reflecting this, EEG recordings showed a significant interaction between Perspective-Shifting and Probe Type at an early onset across right parieto/occipito-lateral areas (250 ms post-stimulus onset), and across frontal-central areas from 500 ms post-stimulus onset, indicating the key role of these areas in ToM engagement. Results demonstrate that ‘Self’ and ‘Other’ can be distinguished at a behavioural level, and highlight the critical role of ‘Perspective-Shifting’ in ToM processes.
EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT (EI) AND TRADE UNION REPRESENTATION AT WORK: A STUDY OF NIGERIAN MANUFACTURING FIRMS

The study investigates whether in an Employee Involvement (EI) climate (characterized by employee involvement in work decision making, communication/information sharing, training and performance-based reward), employees' loose interest in trade union representation and employers become intolerant of employee unions. In doing this, a survey of 12 unionized manufacturing firms was carried out by means of a structured questionnaire. Data gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistics and person product moment coefficient of correlation for testing the research hypotheses. The results indicate that the prevalent EI climate had all attributes of EI but was relatively low in the decision-making attribute. Also evident are employees continued interest in trade union representation; a positive disposition of employers towards workers union as well as the point that both employers and employees find 'dual-channel voice” desirable. We recommend organizations direct more effort in encouraging more involvement of employees in making work decisions and sustain collaboration with workplace unions. These conditions should enhance sustainable development.
2-Blocks with minimal nonabelian defect groups III

We prove that two 2-blocks of (possibly different) finite groups with a common minimal nonabelian defect group and the same fusion system are isotypic (and therefore perfectly isometric) in the sense of Broué. This continues former work by [Cabanes-Picaronny, 1992], [Sambale, 2011] and [Eaton-Külshammer-Sambale, 2012].
Coordination antéropostérieure pendant la locomotion chez le chat adulte intact et suite à une lésion partielle de la moelle épinière

Propriospinal pathways are thought to be critical for quadrupedal coordination by coupling cervical and lumbar central pattern generators (CPGs). However, the mechanisms involved in relaying information between girdles remain largely unexplored. Using an in vitro spinal cord preparation in neonatal rats, Juvin and colleagues (Juvin et al. 2012) have recently shown sensory inputs from the hindlimbs have greater influence on forelimb CPGs than forelimb sensory inputs on hindlimb CPGs, in other words, a bottom-up control system. However, results from decerebrate cats suggest a top-down control system. It may be that both bottom-up and top-down control systems exist and that the dominance of one over the other is task or context dependent. As such, the role of sensory inputs in controlling quadrupedal coordination before and after injury requires further investigation. HINDLIMB LOCOMOTION IS GENERATED and regulated by interactions between spinal networks, supraspinal inputs, and sensory feedback from the periphery (Rossignol et al. 2006). At the core of the locomotor control system are spinal neuronal networks, socalled central pattern generators (CPGs), which can produce rhythmic-patterned outputs without supraspinal inputs or sensory feedback. The CPGs responsible for forelimb and hindlimb locomotion are localized in the cervical and lumbar spinal cord, respectively (Kiehn 2006). It is thought that each limb is controlled by a separate CPG but that functional and anatomical connections exist to coordinate their activities. Neuronal pathways contained within the spinal cord (i.e., propriospinal) are thought to be critical for
Productivity of sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) varieties as influenced by tillage practices in two agro-ecological zones of Nigeria

: Field experiments were carried out in 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons to determine the productivity of sesame varieties as influenced by tillage practices in Makurdi, southern guinea savanna, and Potiskum, Sudan savanna agro-ecological zones of Nigeria. Treatments consisted of three varieties of sesame (Jigida, NCRIBEN-01M, and NCRIBEN-032) and three levels of tillage practices (zero tillage, flatbeds, and ridges). Treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated thrice. Prior to planting, surface (0-15 cm) soil samples were collected from eight points and bulked; post-harvest composite soil samples were also collected on the basis of treatments. All soil samples were analyzed using standard analytical procedures. The data generated from the study were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using Genstat Release 10.3 DE after which significant means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5% level of probability. Results indicated that improved varieties performed better than the local varieties in terms of yield. Crop performance was higher in Potiskum than Makurdi. Ridges produced higher yields followed by flatbeds and then zero tillage at Makurdi and Potiskum. The effects of variety on soil properties did not differ significantly however, the improved varieties left lower essential nutrients in the soil. Zero tillage retained higher nutrients and organic matter in the soil while ridges gave lower values for essential nutrients and organic matter. For sustainable sesame production in both locations, it can be recommended that sesame should be grown on ridges. For conservation/retention of essential nutrients and organic matter in the soil, zero tillage is recommended for both locations.