Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of Plan Implementation Management Practices in the Bekwai Municipality in the Ashanti Region of Ghana

Implementation is very vital in planning. This crucial aspect of planning (implementation) can only be achieved when appropriate goals and definite objectives are translated into executable strategies. This study aims at evaluating projects planning, implementation and management processes in the Bekwai Municipal Assembly, highlighting their strength and weakness and coming out with recommendations to inform future policy formulation. The case study designs with a sampled population of 310 participants, involving 300 household heads and unit committee members who were enrolled for the study. The study purposively engaged 10 participants from key units within the Assembly’s structure. The results of study demonstrate poor, unsatisfactory level of participation of concerned stakeholders at the grass root level in plan preparation and implementation. The study established that, statutory funding for the Assembly was not forthcoming. At the time of the conduct of the study, the District Assembly Common Fund, the major source of delegated funds for capital expenditures of the various MMDAs had been in arrears for over the past year. Notwithstanding these challenges, the Assembly has consistently been performing tremendously well in the FOAT (Functional Organizational Assessment Tool. Community level involvement in monitoring and evaluation of developmental projects was non-existing as none of the community members and unit committee members indicated their engagement in project monitoring and evaluation. Harnessing the resources potentials and opportunities of the Municipal remains the way forward towards expanding the revenue base of the municipality. Concerned stakeholder involvement is key to facilitating development. This could be done by adopting technologically inclined models such as mobile texting, employing the services of information vans and radio stations. The objective of realizing development project sustainability would be met if communities’ level education is provided on the need for their participation in plan preparation, implementation and management in a symbiotic manner.
GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF DENDROCALAMOPSIS BEECHEYANA VAR . PUBESCENS BASED ON ISSR MARKERS

Dendrocalamopsis beecheyana var . pubescens is native to the southern provinces of China. In this study, the genetic diversity of 17 accessions from 6 populations of Fujian and Guangxi provinces were assessed. Genetic diversity was estimated using ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers. Sixteen selected primers produced 185 ISSR loci, of which 167 (90.27%) were found to be polymorphic. Dendrogram analyses revealed that the 17 accessions formed six major groups, while the six populations were clustered into three major groups. A high genetic diversity was identified at the species level, with the percentage of polymorphic band ( PPB ), Nei’s gene diversity ( He ) and Shannon’s information index ( I ) was found to be 90.27%, 0.2497, and 0.3949, respectively. In addition, Nei’s differentiation coefficient ( Gst ) was relatively high (0.5399) and a low rate of gene flow ( Nm ) of 0.4261 was observed. The results clearly show that there is a high degree of genetic variation at the species level and a low degree of genetic variation at the population level. Moreover, ISSR molecular markers could be effectively utilized for the characterization of D. beecheyana var . pubescens accessions and identification of the relationships within populations.
CALL FOR PAPERS Translational Research in Acute Lung Injury and Pulmonary Fibrosis Ecto-5 = -nucleotidase CD73 modulates the innate immune response to inﬂuenza infection but is not required for development of inﬂuenza-induced acute lung injury

modulates the innate immune response to inﬂuenza infection but is not required for development of inﬂuenza-induced acute lung injury. Am doi:10.1152/ajplung.00130. 2015. —Extra-cellular nucleotides and nucleosides are important signaling molecules in the lung. Nucleotide and nucleoside concentrations in alveolar lining ﬂuid are controlled by a complex network of surface ectonucleotidases. Previously, we demonstrated that inﬂuenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus resulted in increased levels of the nucleotide ATP and the nucleoside adenosine in bronchoalveolar lavage ﬂuid (BALF) of wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. Inﬂuenza-induced acute lung injury (ALI) was highly attenuated in A 1 -adenosine receptor-knockout mice. Because AMP hydrolysis by the ecto-5 = -nucleotidase (CD73) plays a central role in and is rate-limiting for generation of adenosine in the normal lung, we hypothesized that ALI would be attenuated in C57BL/6-congenic CD73-knockout (CD73-KO) mice. Infection-in-duced hypoxemia, bradycardia, viral replication, and bronchoconstric-tion were moderately increased in CD73-KO mice relative to WT controls. However, postinfection weight loss, pulmonary edema, and parenchymal dysfunction were not altered. Treatment of WT mice with the CD73 inhibitor 5’-( (cid:2) , (cid:3) -methylene) diphosphate (APCP) also had no effect on infection-induced pulmonary edema but modestly attenuated hypoxemia. BALF from CD73-KO and APCP-treated WT mice contained more IL-6 and CXCL-10/IFN- (cid:4) -induced protein 10, less CXCL-1/keratinocyte chemoattractant, and fewer neutrophils than BALF from untreated WT controls. BALF from APCP-treated WT mice also contained fewer alveolar macrophages and more transforming growth factor- (cid:3) than BALF from untreated WT mice. These results indicate that CD73 is not necessary for development of ALI following inﬂuenza A virus infection and suggest that tissue-nonspeciﬁc alkaline phosphatase may be responsible for increased adenosine generation in the infected lung. However, they do suggest that CD73 has a previously unrecognized immunomodulatory role in inﬂuenza.
Laboratory evaluation of effects of quinestrol and levonorgestrel on fertility and reproductive performance of multimammate rats Mastomys Natalensis

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of fertility control agents (quinestrol and levonorgestrel) on reproduction performance of multimammate rats (Mastomysnatalensis). A total of 316 individual Mastomysnatalensiswere used to evaluate consumption rate of bait and their effects on reproductive performance under laboratory conditions. Animals were fed with contraceptive baits for seven days, paired and sacrificed for histological observations. Results indicated that acceptance of the control bait was not statistically different (p< 0.001) from that of levonorgestrel at 10 ppm. Acceptance of bait treated with quinestrol at three concentrations (10 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm) was significantly lower (p< 0.001) than plain bait and that of levonorgestrel treatments. Significant interaction effects of treatment and sex were observed (F (16,392) =10.007, p<0.001), with higher acceptance of treated bait for both levonorgestrel and quinestrol in female rats than male rats. Quinestrol, levonorgestrel and quinestrol/levonorgestrel combination significantly reduced testes, epididymis and seminal vesicles weight. Sperm concentration and motility were significantly decreased with increased abnormal sperms morphology. In female animals there were significant differences (F (2, 86) =3.28, p = 0.0423) in pregnancy rate compared to the control group. There were no observed differences in uteri and ovaries weights. All treatment concentrations of quinestrol, levonorgestrel and quinestrol/levonorgestrel combinations had significant effects on pregnancy compared to the control (p< 0.05). The most effective compound was quinestrol which reduced spermatogenesis at all concentrations. Levonorgestrel alone was less effective on male and female reproduction status. These results indicate that quinestrol and/or quinestrol/levonorgestrel combination have anti-fertility effects on M. natalensis.
Ca 2+ -Releasing Effect of Cerivastatin on the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Mouse and Rat Skeletal Muscle Fibers

We analyzed the effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on Ca 2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) using chemically skinned skeletal muscle fibers from the mouse and the rat. Cerivastatin ( (cid:1) 20 (cid:1) M) released Ca 2+ from the SR, while pravastatin showed only a little effect. The rates of Ca 2+ release were increased by cerivastatin at all Ca 2+ concentrations tested. Cerivastatin-induced Ca 2+ release in the presence of Ca 2+ was affected by adenosine monophosphate, Mg 2+ , and procaine in essentially the same way as for caffeine-induced Ca 2+ release. The Ca 2+ -uptake capacity of the SR was reduced after co-treatment with ryanodine and cerivastatin at pCa 6.0 to a much greater extent than with ryanodine alone. Thus, cerivastatin-induced Ca 2+ release in the presence of Ca 2+ must be a result of the activation of the Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release (CICR) mechanism of the ryanodine receptor. However, even when CICR was maximally inhibited by Mg 2+ and procaine, or in the practical absence of Ca 2+ (pCa (cid:1) 8), cerivastatin still caused Ca 2+ release. These results indicate that cerivastatin causes Ca 2+ release also by activating some other mechanism(s) in addition to the activation of CICR. Either or both of these effects might be related to its adverse effect, rhabdomyolysis.
Cystoscopic Biopsies of Bladder Neoplasms - A Snippet in Diagnosis with regular Haematoxylin and Eosin stain (H and The study of biopsy specimens

Introduction: Urinary bladder neoplasms constitute an important source of clinical signs and symptoms which are more disabling than lethal. The present study aimed to study the prevalence of bladder neoplasms and to study the clinico-histomorphological features of various bladder neoplasms along with special emphasis on grading and staging of the bladder tumours. Materials and Methods: The present study is a five years retrospective study. All patients who visited to urologyoutpatient department with lower urinary tract symptoms and obstructive bladder symptoms were subjected to cystoscopy. The detailed clinico-histomorphological features of cystoscopicbiopsies are studied using WHO/ISUP 2004 histological grading and TNM stagingwere used in classifying the bladder tumours. Results: Out of 239 cystoscopic biopsies, the neoplastic lesions constituted 76.6%of the cases Among the neoplastic, benign lesions accounted for 12.9% of the cases (31 cases) and malignant lesions accounted for83 % of the cases (152 cases). Among the malignant lesions,urothelial carcinoma was the commonest accounting for 75.9% of the cases with increased prevalence of high grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (74.1%) and invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma accounting for 73.75% of the cases. Conclusions: The present study has stressed the importance of histopathological examination with special emphasis on the study of serial sections and the importance of inclusion ofdetrusormuscle in the biopsy for accurate grading and staging so as to decrease the morbidity andmortality and initiate the early management of bladder tumours.
Cell dynamics and cell-matrix interactions during neural tube closure

During development the neuroepithelium bends and fuses dorsally to form the neural tube, precursor of the brain and spinal cord. The current study focused on the role of cellextracellular matrix (ECM) interactions and cell dynamics during neural tube morphogenesis. ECM-integrin interactions have long been thought to play a role in neural tube closure, but there has been little experimental analysis. In this study, the initial aim was to identify the ECM constituents and integrin receptors expressed during neurulation and to define their tissue source of expression and protein localisation. This revealed a significant upregulation of the major integrins at the site of zippering. To address the potential role of ECM-integrin interactions at this site, a conditional approach was used to delete the central receptor subunit, integrin β1, from either the dorsal neural tube or surface ectoderm. Deletion of integrin β1 prevented neural tube closure leading to exencephaly and spina bifida. A model based on loss of dorsal anchorage between surface ectoderm and neural tube was proposed as potential causative mechanism underlying failure of neural tube closure. During neurulation, the formation of dorsolateral hinge points is characterized by a cell number increase in the dorsal neuroepithelium. The hypothesis that neuroepithelial cells may translocate dorsally was tested by vital fluorescent dye labelling. This demonstrated for the first time that cells migrate within the plane of the neuroepithelium from the mid-ventral to the most dorsal regions during the onset of dorsolateral bending. In vivo live imaging confirmed the above pattern of cell dynamics and further showed the presence of two main streams of cell migration, rostro-dorsally and caudally directed, identifying fundamentally different cell behaviours in the neuroepithelium, depending on rostro-caudal position.
Rev Gaúcha Enferm

Objectives: To analyze the perception of nursing professionals about their insertion in the material management process in hospital units. Methods: Exploratory study with a qualitative approach carried out in a university hospital in Paraná. Data collection was carried out between October and December 2019, through semi-structured interviews recorded in audio. The data were transcribed and submitted to thematic content analysis. Results: 35 nursing professionals participated in the study. From the speeches, four categories emerged: Participation in the process of planning and provision of materials; Sizing of resources in the institution; Participation in the quality control of materials; and Difficulties confronted in the material management process. Conclusion: The results indicate that nursing professionals have a low participation in the material management process and infer that they actively participate only in the quality control process through evaluations and notifications.
Making Brain Training Effective A Review of Training Features that lead to Durable Performance Increases Beyond the Training Context

improvements however, are classically confined to the context in which the learning takes place. Considering the relevance of real-world training tasks or rehabilitation paradigms, this context specificity is a problem for the aim of general learning. Nevertheless, recent studies employing video games and working memory tasks as training have produced learning effects that have generalized to previously untrained tasks. This review discusses the mechanisms and essential features that cause this transferability with the aim to provide guidance for future training paradigms. By identifying the characteristics responsible for the success of these regimens, like including tasks that span multiple modalities, minimizing the use of specific strategies and attaining maximal participant engagement, recommendations can be made about implementing these features to achieve a maximal learning effect, increasing the effectiveness of the training paradigm.
Microplastics effects in Scrobicularia plana 1

One of the most common plastics in the marine environment is polystyrene (PS) that can 35 be broken down to micro sized particles. Marine organisms are vulnerable to the exposure 36 to microplastics. This study assesses the effects of PS microplastics in tissues of the clam 37 Scrobicularia plana . Clams were exposed to 1 mg L -1 (20 µm) for 14 days, followed by 38 7 days of depuration. A qualitative analysis by infrared spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance 39 mode period detected the presence of microplastics in clam tissues upon exposure, which 40 were not eliminated after depuration. The effects of microplastics were assessed by a 41 battery of biomarkers and results revealed that microplastics induce effects on antioxidant 42 capacity, DNA damage, neurotoxicity and oxidative damage. S. plana is a significant 43 target to assess the environmental risk of PS microplastics.
Pre-service teachers’ achievement and perceptions of the classroom environment in flipped learning and traditional instruction classes

The aim of this study was to investigate whether flipped learning affects pre-service teachers’ achievement and perceptions related to the classroom environment. This experimental study was conducted in the fall semester of 2017–2018 for 11 weeks at a state university in Turkey and included a total of 56 pre-service teachers. An achievement test and a scale were implemented to collect the data. The analyses through descriptive and inferential statistical analysis techniques showed that flipped learning group obtained significantly higher achievement test scores and final grades than the traditional instruction group. On the other hand, being in the flipped learning group or in the traditional group had no significant effect on the pre-service teachers’ perceptions of the classroom environment.
Aspargillosis in BALB/c Mice

The effect of mannose grafting to the surface of Amphotericin B (Amp-B)-containing liposomes with and without cholesterol on the toxicity, therapeutic efficacy, and altered tissue distribution was studied in normal and infected mice. The inclusion of cholesterol in the mannose-grafted liposomes bearing Amp-B increased the LD50 from 8.4 mg/kg to 20.3 mg/kg body weight. Cholesterol was found to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of mannosylated liposomes. The tissue distribution studies indicated that incorporation of cholesterol in mannose-grafted liposomal formulation of Amp-B increased the tissue concentration in various organs of both healthy and infected mice. A significant increase in concentration of Amp-B in the lungs of infected animals was observed when mannosylated liposomes having cholesterol were administered. Inhibition of mannosylated liposomal formulation of Amp-B by mannan was observed in normal animals, but in infected animals there was no inhibition.
Recovery Oxygen Uptake in Response to Two Resistance Training Sessions at Different Intensities

The purpose of the present study was to compare the oxygen uptake ( O 2 ) behavior in response to a resistance exercise (RE) session with aim of hypertrophy (HP) with another session with aim of local muscular endurance (LME). Nine young men (23.1± 2.1 years) voluntarily participated in the present study. Dynamic muscle strength was measured with one repetition maximum test (1RM). O O 2 was collected at rest and ten minutes after exercise with a gas analyzer (CPX/D). The RE protocols were composed of one upper body exercise (bench press) and one lower body exercise (squat) with the execution of 3 sets of 6-8 maximum repetitions (RM) with 80% of 1RM in HP session and 3 sets of 15-20 RM with 55% of 1 RM in LME session. Exercise post oxygen consumption (EPOC), energy cost (EC) and time constant (TC) of O 2 were analyzed. The results showed that both RE sessions provoked significant elevated O 2 after RE in comparison to rest values. There were no differences between groups in the EPOC (l) (HP: 2.21 ± 0.54 vs. LME: 2.60 ± 0.44), EC (Kcal) (HP: 10.36 ± 2.53 vs LME: 12.18 ± 2.04) and TC of O 2 (s) (HP: 56 ± 7 vs. LME: 57 ± 6) (p>0.05). These results demonstrated that a RE session with the aim of LME gain is capable of causing similar metabolic impact to the RE session with HP aim, even if it is performed at lower intensity concerning maximal load.
Comparison between NOx Evolution Mechanisms of Wild-Type and nr1 Mutant Soybean Leaves1

The nr1 soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) mutant does not contain the two constitutive nitrate reductases, one of which is responsible for enzymic conversion of nitrite to NO, (NO + NO2). It was tested for possible nonenzymic NO, formation and evolution because of known chemical reactions between N02- and plant metabolites and the instability of nitrous acid. It did not evolve NO. during the in vivo NR assay, but intact leaves did evolve small amounts of NO. under dark, anaerobic conditions. Experiments were conducted to compare N03- reduction, N02-accumulation, and the NO, evolution processes of the wild type (cv Williams) and the nr1 mutant. In vivo NR assays showed that wild-type leaves had three times more N03- reducing capacity than the nr1 mutant. NO, evolution from intact, anerobic nr, leaves was approximately 10 to 20% that from wild-type leaves. Nitrite content of the nr, mutant leaves was usually higher than wild type due to low NO2 evolution. Lag times and threshold NO2-concentrations for NO2 evolution were similar for the two geno- types. While only 1 to 2% of NOx from wild type is NO2, the nr, mutant evolved 15 to 30% NO2. The kinetic patterns of NO2 evolution with time were completely different for the mutant and wild type. Comparisons of light and heat treatments also gave very different results. It is generally accepted that the NO2 evolution by wild type is primarily an enzymic conversion of N02- to NO. However, this report concludes that NO2 evolution by the nr, mutant was due to nonenzymic, chemical reactions between plant metabolites and accumulated N02- and/or decomposition of nitrous acid. Nonenzymic NO2 evolution probably also occurs in wild type to a degree but could be easily masked by high rates of the enzymic process.
The Types and Indications of Cholecystectomy in Nigeria: Our Experience in Damaturu, North-Eastern Nigeria

Background: Hepato-biliary disease, especially gallbladder related, was hitherto considered an exclusive problem of the developed nations of Europe, North-America and Asia. The African continent has changed remarkably, and globalisation has brought with it a cultural change in Africa. This change is characterised by both cultural and nutritional transition. The largely starch rich carbohydrate diet of the African is replaced by high calorie, fat laden meals with accompanying consumption of sugar rich snacks and beverages. The African continent has therefore seen a rise in gallbladder related pathologies and the indications and types of gallbladder related surgeries have also changed. Objective: To determine the indications and types of cholecystectomies performed over an 11-year period at the State Specialist Hospital Damaturu, Yobe state, Nigeria. Patients and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of 31 patients that presented at the General surgery unit of the State Specialist Hospital Damaturu, Yobe state, Nigeria. It is an 11-year study of patients that presented with clinically, radiologically, and histologically diagnosed Cholecystitis between 2003-2013. Patients’ characteristics studied included the age, gender, clinical symptoms, risk factors, radiological tool of assessment, type of surgery performed, and types of post-operative complications observed. Informed consent was obtained according to the Helsinki guidelines and Ethical clearance was given by the hospital management. All data obtained was assessed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: A total of 31 patients were studied. 12(38.7%) were males and 19(61.3%) were females. The mean age of the patients is 40.5(+_ 3.1) with peak age between 26-35 years and an age range of 16-75 years. The most common clinical symptom is right hypochondriac pain, typically a biliary colic, except for acute Cholecystitis where the pain last longer. It is seen in 100% of the patients. The least common clinical symptoms are Fever (29.0%) and Vomiting (35.5%). All diagnosed cases where confirmed by abdominal Ultrasonography (USS). All the patients had Open Cholecystectomy. The most common indications for Cholecystectomy are chronic calculous Cholecystitis (61.3%) followed by chronic acalculous Cholecystitis (25.8%). The most common post-operative complication is Surgical Site Infection (SSI) at 6.5%, as majority suffered no complications (80.6%). Conclusion: Chronic calculous Cholecystitis is the most common indication for cholecystectomy in Nigeria and open cholecystectomy is the most practiced surgery except at tertiary health facilities with expertise for laparoscopic procedures.