Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eponyms are here to stay

Objective To assess the historical trends of medical eponym use in neurology literature and knowledge and attitudes among current trainees related to eponyms. Methods A comprehensive list of medical eponyms compiled from multiple online and print sources was queried against the titles and abstracts of PubMed articles authored by neurologists to assess historical prevalence in the literature from 1988 to 2013. We also surveyed current neurology trainees and trainees who have matched for residency in neurology, but not yet started neurology training, on their familiarity and attitudes toward eponyms. Results The yearly prevalence of eponyms among neurologist-authored publications ranged from 15% and 25%, with a mean of 21%. The total number of unique eponyms appearing in titles and abstracts increased from 693 in 1988 to 1,076 in 2013, representing 1.8% average annual growth. Our survey showed that residents with at least 1 year of neurology training reported familiarity with significantly more eponyms than those before neurology training (p < 0.001). For familiar eponyms, most residents were either unaware of an alternative descriptor or preferred using the eponym. Despite recognizing both the benefits and drawbacks of eponyms, the vast majority of trainees stated that historical precedent, pervasiveness, and ease of use would drive the continued use of eponyms in neurology. Conclusions Eponyms will remain a cornerstone in medical education and communication moving forward. Educators in neurology should consider how best to integrate useful eponyms and alternative descriptors into residency training to enhance knowledge acquisition and retention.
Earlier Alanine Aminotransferase Normalization During Antiviral Treatment Is Independently Associated With Lower Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B.

OBJECTIVES It was suggested that normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels at 1 year of antiviral treatment is associated with a lower risk of hepatic events in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, it remains unclear whether earlier ALT normalization is associated with lower hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk, independent of fatty liver or cirrhosis and on-treatment virological response (VR), in patients with CHB. METHODS We analyzed 4,639 patients with CHB who initiated treatment with entecavir or tenofovir using landmark analysis and time-dependent Cox analysis. We defined normal ALT as ≤35 U/L (men) and ≤25 U/L (women) and VR as serum hepatitis B virus DNA <15 IU/mL. RESULTS During a median 5.6 years of treatment, 509 (11.0%) patients developed HCC. ALT normalization occurred in 65.6% at 1 year and 81.9% at 2 years and was associated with a significantly lower HCC risk in landmark (P < 0.001) and time-dependent Cox analyses (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 0.57; P < 0.001). Compared with ALT normalization within 6 months, delayed ALT normalization at 6-12, 12-24, and >24 months was associated with incrementally increasing HCC risk (AHR 1.40, 1.74, and 2.45, respectively; P < 0.001), regardless of fatty liver or cirrhosis at baseline and VR during treatment. By contrast, neither earlier VR (AHR 0.93; P = 0.53) nor earlier hepatitis B e antigen seroclearance (AHR 0.91; P = 0.31) was associated with a significantly lower HCC risk. DISCUSSION In patients with CHB treated with entecavir or tenofovir, earlier ALT normalization was independently associated with proportionally lower HCC risk, regardless of fatty liver or cirrhosis at baseline and on-treatment VR.
Extensional and torsional pipe flow

We study the dynamics of a viscous fluid confined within an elastic pipe that is being stretched and twisted in the axial and azimuthal directions, respectively. A comprehensive numerical exploration of self-similar flows has been conducted for a wide range of stretching and twisting acceleration rates. Up to eight different families of steady flows have been identified and tracked. For purely axial stretching, the presented computations recover the results obtained by former authors in the past. However, the twisting mechanism, seen as a homotopy parameter, has been crucial in this study to explain how different families of equilibria interact and azimuthal swirl is induced. The explorations conclude that stable time-periodic flows may also take over the dynamics when the pipe is contracting in the axial direction, with mild or absent azimuthal twist. These time-periodic flows may destabilize through different codimension-two bifurcation scenarios, sometimes leading to unstable tori that have been genuinely identified by means of edge-tracking techniques.
Dental Wear Its Prevalence and Patterns in Class I Malocclusion (A Comparative Study)

Dental wear is a physiological process that occurs normally through a variety of mechanisms and age progression. It is aloss of tooth structure during masticatory forces. The study aimed to investigate patterns of tooth wear in adult with class I malocclusion (crowding) then the normal occlusion is compared with them. Our study sample consisted of 2 groups with an age range “18-25” years.The 1groupwas (30 subject) with normal occlusion and the 2 was (30 subject) with class I crowding. A modified version of the tooth wear index (TWI) was used to assess the amount of tooth wear. Tooth wear was greater statistically in incisal surfaces of central incisors of the upper arch and lateral incisors of both arches in class I malocclusion group than was in group of normal occlusion. While significant tooth loss was found in the buccal surfaces of the lower 1 molar and the incisal surfaces of upper canines in normal occlusion than it was in crowding group. It was concluded that the irregularity of the dentition in class I malocclusion subjects lead to the differences in the pattern of tooth wear in both the normal and malocclusion groups.
Compensation Interdependence and Subjectivity-TAR-06132019-clean

We examine the performance consequences of managerial discretion when compensation payoffs are interdependent; that is, when rewards or penalties given to some employees cause others not to get them. Using proprietary data from a company that gives monthly rewards and penalties, we find evidence of both a nominal and an opportunity effect when managerial discretion overrides objective performance measures. The former refers to performance consequences associated with workers who received rewards or penalties due to managerial discretion (actual recipients). The latter refers to performance consequences associated with workers who would have received rewards or penalties had there been no managerial discretion (would-be recipients). In further tests, we show that these performance effects likely stem from a combination of economics-based and psychology-based reasons. Our findings provide important insights for the design of incentive systems involving managerial discretion.
Alcohol, Health, and Injuries

Although alcohol has existed almost as long as human existence, its consumption and abuse can have many detrimental effects. Alcohol has been associated with a wide variety of injuries, both intentional and unintentional, and can lead to physical, verbal, and sexual violence as well as family dysfunction. The role of alcohol advertising and media plays a role in alcohol’s contribution to society, and youth may be more heavily influenced than adults. Moreover, alcohol has psychological, social, and physical consequences in addition to a direct impact on health. A number of methods may be advantageous for lifestyle medicine practitioners targeting this issue, including prevention strategies for alcohol misuse, increased legal reinforcement, screening and brief intervention, public campaigns, and media advocacy.
Associations of Circulating LeptinConcentrations with Metabolic andInflammatory Risk Markers inExtremely Obese Subjects

Associations of Circulating Leptin Concentrations with Metabolic and Inflammatory Risk Markers in Extremely Obese Subjects Background: Reliable and robust markers of obesity and cardiovascular morbidity are needed for accurate risk estimation, intervention and follow-up. This is even more paramount in extremely obese patients, who are most likely to suffer from health hazards. Metabolic risks may not increase in direct proportion to degree of obesity. The study aim was to examine associations between leptin concentrations and metabolic and inflammatory cardiovascular risk markers in the extremely obese.
Quality of life of family Caregivers of Patients with Advanced Cancer

Cancer is a major public health problem of the world. Diagnosis of cancer has a significant impact not only on patient, but also on Their family caregivers. Therefore cancer has a substantial impact on both patients and families.Objectives of the study were to assess the Quality of Life (QOL) among caregivers and to find the association between mean score of quality of life of family car egivers with selected variables. A cross sectional study was done among 399 family caregivers those who are providing care to the hospitalized patients with advanced cancer. A non probability purposive sampling was used to select family caregivers by using structu red and validated questionnaire on quality of life.Data were collected by interview technique from caregivers. Result shows that majority of family caregivers were in the age group of 20- 40yrs (53.6%), most of the family members had to stop working, and most of them lost their savings. Majority of the family caregivers expressed that ‘financial burden’ had negative influence on the quality of life. The mean Quality Of Life was 63.36 and SD was 15.73. The present study suggests that to improve QOL of car egivers, measures hould be taken to decrease the economic burden that cancer places on patient’s family. It also revealed that increasing the self- confidence of family care givers in managing cancer pain is vital to the quality of life of both the patient and caregiver.
The Epidemiology of Hospital-referred Head Injury in Northern Nigeria

Aims :This study was aimed at defining the peculiar demographic and associated risk factors of head injury. Study Design:This was a retrospective study Place and Duration ofStudy:We conducted this study atan Accident and Emergency d from the emergency records and case notes, collated and analyzed using the descriptive statistics and chi square test to test for significance of associations between the predictor and outcome variables in the categorical variables . Results:Out of 3282patients attended to during the study period, 428 (13.0%) of them had head injury. Majority were males ( 342, 79.9%). The peak age prevalence was in the 21-30 years age group (n=145, 33.8%). Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the most common cause of injury (307, 71.7%), with a majority being vehicular accident (n=215, 70.0%). The mortality rate was 1.6% (7). Many (57.0%) had associated injuries, of which fractures were the majority (n=93, 21.7%) and with skull fracture being the most common (n=27, 26.5%). Pedestrians knocked down by motor vehicles was the most common mechanism of injury (n=77, 23.3%). A few (22, 11.6%) had taken alcohol prior to the
PII: S0079-6611(01)00029-5

When considering physical mechanisms for decadal-timescale climate variability in the North Pacific, it is useful to describe in detail the expected response of the ocean to the chaotic atmospheric forcing. The expected response to this white-noise forcing includes strongly enhanced power in the decadal frequency band relative to higher frequencies, pronounced changes in basin-wide climate that resemble regime shifts, preferred patterns of spatial variability, and a depth-dependent profile that includes variability with a standard deviation of 0.2–0.4 °C over the top 50–100 m. Weak spectral peaks are also possible, given ocean dynamics. Detecting coupled ocean–atmosphere modes of variability in the real climate system is difficult against the spectral and spatial structure of this ‘null-hypothesis’ of how the ocean and atmosphere interact, especially given the impossibility of experimentally decoupling the ocean from the atmosphere. Turning to coupled ocean–atmosphere models to address this question, a method for identifying coupled modes by using models of increasing physical complexity is illustrated. It is found that a coupled ocean–atmosphere mode accounts for enhanced variability with a time scale of 20 years/cycle in the Kuroshio extension region of the model’s North Pacific. The observed Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) has many similarities to the expected noise-forced response and few similarities to the model’s coupled ocean–atmosphere variability. However, model deficiencies and some analyses of observations by other workers indicate that the possibility that part of the PDO arises from a coupled ocean–atmosphere mode cannot be ruled out.  2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Peak expiratory flow rate and reaction time analysis in formaldehyde exposed medical technicians and attendants

Background: The medical staff personnel technician and attendants working in anatomy dissection and histology labs, histopathology lab, and mortuary are constantly exposed to formaldehyde during routine duty hours, while embalming the body and processing visceral samples. Exposure to formaldehyde at low concentrations may cause health effects, such as watering and burning of eyes, running nose, throat irritation, coughing, wheezing, and skin allergies. Objective: We decided to evaluate peak expiratory flow rate and auditory and visual reaction time in 25 technicians and attendants working in anatomy dissection lab, histology lab, histopathology lab, and mortuary and having occupational work exposure to formaldehyde of 3–5 years for work shift of 6–8 h per day. Materials and Methods: The peak expiratory flow rate was measured using Wright’s peak flow meter and auditory and visual reaction time using response analyzer. The results were compared with age matched non-formaldehyde exposed control subjects. Student’s t-test was carried out to access the statistical significance. Result: The study revealed decrease peak expiratory flow rate and auditory and visual reaction time in the study group. Conclusion: Prolonged formaldehyde exposure leads to altered lung functions and neurobehavioral changes. The better control exhaust system in these labs, use of effective ventilation system, and personal protective device such as face mask and rescheduling duty posting of these personnel’s to non-exposed site is recommended for control of health-related hazards of formaldehyde exposure.
The Production, Quality Control, and Characterization of ZED8, a CD8-Specific 89Zr-Labeled Immuno-PET Clinical Imaging Agent

Immuno-PET is a molecular imaging technique utilizing positron emission tomography (PET) to measure the biodistribution of an antibody species labeled with a radioactive isotope. When applied as a clinical imaging technique, an immuno-PET imaging agent must be manufactured with quality standards appropriate for regulatory approval. This paper describes methods relevant to the chemistry, manufacturing, and controls component of an immuno-PET regulatory filing, such as an investigational new drug application. Namely, the production, quality control, and characterization of the immuno-PET clinical imaging agent, ZED8, an 89Zr-labeled CD8-specific monovalent antibody as well as its desferrioxamine-conjugated precursor, CED8, is described and evaluated. PET imaging data in a human CD8-expressing tumor murine model is presented as a proof of concept that the imaging agent exhibits target specificity and comparable biodistribution across a range of desferrioxamine conjugate loads.
Predicting Specific Course Grades

DOCUMENT RESUME TM 015 252 Houston, Walter; Sawyer, Richard Central Prediction Systems for Predicting Specific Course Grades. ACT Research Report Series 88-4. American Coll. Testing Program, Iowa City, Iowa. Dec 88 49p. ; For related documents, see TM 015 251 and TM 015 254. ACT Research Report Series, 2201 North Dodge Street, P.O. Box 168, Iowa City, IA 52243. Reports Research /Technical (143) MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. Bayesian Statistics; Colleges; *College Students; Comparative Analysis; Estimation (Mathematics); Evaluation Methods; *Grade Prediction; Higher Education; Least Squares Statistics; Mathematical Models; Predictive Measur.ment; *Predictor Variables; Regression (Statistics); *School Statistics Bayesian M Group Regression; *Central Prediction System; CollF.teral Information; *Cross Validation; Pooled Least Squares Method Methods for predicting specific college course grades, based on small numbers of observations, were investigated. These methods use collateral information across potentially diverse institutions to obtain refined within-group parameter estimates. One method, referred to as pooled least squares with adjusted intercepts, assumes that slopes and residual variances are homogeneous across selected colleges. The second method, referred to as Bayesian m-group regression, allows estimates of slopes and residual variances to vary across colleges, without ignoring available collateral information. These central prediction models were con.ared with the more usual procedure of deriving regression equations within each college considered in isolation. Data were obtained from colleges participating in the American College Testing standard research services program during the 1983-84 academic year and during at least one of 1984-85, 1985-86, or 1986-87 academic years. Six analysis groups were used, ranging in size from 11 to 17 colleges, each with at least 20 and less than 100 observations. It was found that for both models using collateral information, a sample size of 20 resulted in a level of cross-validated prediction accuracy comparable to that obtained using the within-college least squares procedure at colleges with 50 or more observations. The Bayesian approach outperformed the pooled least sslares approach. It is note that the Bayesian approach is highly adaptive to different structures and can thus be expected to outperform the other two procedures across most situations. Three tables in the text and 12 in Appendix A provide study data. Appendix B contains six graphs illustrating the models. (Author/SLD)
IS INCREASING DOSES OF IMAZAPYR + IMAZAPIC DETRIMENTAL TO THE MAIN CROP ROTATION ALTERNATIVES TO FLOODED RICE ?

Imazapyr+imazapic ready mix is the main herbicide used to weed control in Clearfield® Rice System. The continuous use of high doses may increase their residual activity in the soil. The aim of this research was determine the sensitivity of cover crops and soybean in rotation with flooded rice to different levels of imazapyr+imazapic residues in the soil and its effect on soil microbiology. A field experiment was performed during the 2014/15 and 2015/16 seasons. In the first crop season, flooded rice was cultivated using herbicide rates in order to have levels of residue in the soil: 0, 140 (label dosage, equivalent to 73.5+24.5 g a.i. ha-1), 280, 560, 840 and 1,120 g ha-1. After crop harvest, during fall-winter, it was sown ryegrass, white clover and fallow (no soil cover); and in the followed season it was sown soybean in the same area (simulating rotation crop). At that occasion, soil samples were collected to perform soil microbiology analyses of acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase, fluorescein diacetate and urease activity. Growth characteristics on cover crops related to residue levels, and soybean development related to soil residue and cover crops used was evaluated. The results showed that the increase of imazapyr+imazapic doses caused a negative effect on the cover crops evaluated at 75 and 140 days after sowing, mainly at doses greater than twice the label dosage that also reduced the growth and yield of soybean. In general, the enzymes activity in soil decreased as the dose of the imazapyr+imazapic residue increased, showing lower microbiota activity to herbicides degradation.
Study Of Electronic And Linear Optical Properties Of Indium Pnictides (InX, X = P, As, Sb)

A comparative study of theoretical and experimental electronic properties and linear optical dielectric function of zinc blende structure of Indium pnictides is presented by using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method within the DFT formalism. In this approach, the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) was used for the exchange-correlation potential calculation. Results are presented for the band structures, for the density of states, and for the real and imaginary parts of the linear dielectric functions for photon energies up to 15 eV. Detailed comparisons are made with published experimental and theoretical data and generally showed good agreement.
MERCURY BIOACCUMULATION IN THE EUROPEAN HAKE (MERLUCCIUS MERLUCCIUS) FROM THE GULF OF LIONS AND THE BAY OF BISCAY

Total (HgT) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations were measured in the muscle tissues of European hakes (Merluccius merluccius) from the Gulf of Lions (Northwestern Mediterranean) and the Bay of Biscay (Northeastern Atlantic). Similar chemical measurements have been performed on plankton samples and fish preys sampled in the same areas. Relationships between HgT and MeHg concentrations and the size, sex, δ15N (indicator of food web structure), growth rate and habitat of the fish were examined. Difference in growth rate between the two environments and change in feeding habits when the fish is entering adulhood seem to be the major factors governing the mercury bioaccumulation.
1,3‐Dihydr­oxy‐2‐methyl‐9,10‐anthraquinone

The non-H atoms of the title compound, C15H10O4, which was isolated from the roots of Prismatomeris malayana Ridl. , are coplanar. Intra­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed in the mol­ecular structure. The mol­ecules form centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded dimers via inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure is further stabilized by weak π–π inter­actions.
Assessment of the concepts of medical professionalism among medical students

Background: The key values of professionalism continue to underpin the conduct of medical practitioners. It is important to gather baseline information on professionalism awareness among undergraduates to be able to guide any evaluation of the current professionalism curriculum along with its teaching and assessment methodologies. Identifying the full range of possible sources of errors for the undergraduates and their awareness of professionalism will create opportunities to address problems, improve the efficacy and relevance of educational interventions, and promote a more effective working environment. Objective: To generate an overview of the undergraduate medical students’ knowledge, attitude and practice regarding professionalism. Methods: Analytic cross sectional study in which a self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was distributed among undergraduate medical students of the University of Khartoum and Ribat National University. The final analyses covered 504 students who were chosen randomly. Internal consistency of the questionnaire was determined by employing Cronbach’salpha, which was found to be 0.798. Results: The study showed that 30% of the students had high knowledge, 56% had fair knowledge and 14% had poor knowledge. Thirty four percent of the students were found to have good professional attitude, 57% had fair attitude and 9% had poor attitude towards the concept of medical professionalism and its regulations. Twenty seven percent showed good practice of professionalism, i.e. professional behavior, 40% showed fair practice and 33% showed poor practice. There was a significant association between knowledge/attitude and knowledge/practice. There was also a significant association between knowledge, attitude and the academic level; both knowledge and attitude were found to improve with an increase in academic level. Conclusion: This study highlights that there is improvement in professionalism awareness corresponding to increasing exposure to medical education. The findings suggest that teaching and assessment of professionalism should be more targeted.