Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive IDS Concept with PRBS Multi Inputs Multi Outputs (MIMO) and Matched Filtering Algorithm

Latest development in cyber-attacks are becoming more complex and obscure. Current Deep Learning approaches in network intrusion is limited to experimental conditions, limited training on real time live traffic, manual training interventions, and highly dependent on standard dataset. Notwithstanding, adaptive system has grabbed the attention of multiple industrial players from automobiles to cybersecurity. This is due to the capability of the system to adapt to any updates, trends and changes. Hence Adaptive IDS must be studied and designed immediately to prevent further damage to cyber infrastructure and community. Adaptive IDS will automate process and contrast live traffic to spring realistic output. This work discusses the conceptual idea of Adaptive IDS in cybersecurity domain. The discussion covers three (3) parts, with initial directly related to the overview of the Adaptive IDS concept. Next part is an expanded version that discusses on the backend software that resides in the computer system and a bit of hardware outside. Finally, the third part deliberates on designing a simulated environment through PRBS. This allows synthetic composite dataset generation and detection, employing modified $\mathrm{n}=8$, giving ($255+1$) 256BitsPRBS using Embarcadero Delphi IDE VCL application development in contrast to electronic version generation using Simulink or PowerSim.
Resources enhancement of Fenneropenaeus orientalis in the Bohai Sea

Growth,distribution and abundance of released Fenneropenaeus orientalis were studied based on the data collected in the Bohai Sea from May to October in 2009.The collection and statistics of total yield of F.orientalis was carried out by the provincial institutes at the end of October.Results showed that the released F.orientalis mainly distributed in the shallow water(1~2 m) and estuary areas in mid June,and distributed at the depth of 5~18 m at the end of July,especially 10~15 m.The mean weight of F.orientalis were 2.5 g in mid June,and reached 7.0 g from the beginning to mid July,20.0 g from the end of July,27.0 g from the end of July to the beginning of August,36.0 g in mid August and 41.0 g at the beginning of September.Based upon the survey data,the estimated biomass of F.orientalis in the Bohai Sea was 1 665 tons in August and reduced to 137 tons in October after being captured.The abundance of F.orientalis in the bays of the Bohai Sea was 129.9,7.8,0.3,and 0.05 ind/net·h respectively,which were positively related to the released numbers.Based on the collection and statistical data,the total yield of F.orientalis in the Bohai Sea was 2 377 tons and the estimated recapture ratio was 2.8% in 2009.
Identification of arbitrarily shaped critical 3D failure surface of a slope based on the sliding direction

The determination of critical failure surface and stability evaluation of 3D slopes have been a hot and difficult problem in geotechnical engineering. The conventional method defines the critical failure surface using the safety factor (SF) whereas it is powerless for some special problems, such as two different failure surfaces with equal SFs. So far, many studies on the critical failure surface of a 3D slope have mainly focused on rotational ellipsoid, while less research has been done on the arbitrary shape. To solve the above problems, we develop a model for constructing a arbitrarily shaped failure surface and ascertain the critical failure surface by the sliding direction (SD). To verify rationality of the introduced theory, the critical failure surfaces of two benchmark symmetric slopes and corresponding SFs are reanalyzed, and the results are compared with the reference solutions. Meanwhile, the results obtained by the proposed method are also consistent with the reference solutions for the complex slope with the asymmetric failure surface. The parametric analysis explores the relationships between the mechanical properties of soil and the SD as well as the SF. Furthermore, influence factors of the spatial characteristics of sliding mass are also revealed. The proposed method is used as a helpful complement to the existing methods.
Socioeconomic Status and Students’ Mental Health during the COVID-19 University Closure: Mediating Roles of Perceived Social Support and Self-Efficacy

Despite the need for urgent actions in response to the exacerbated inequalities in mental health resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, there remains a significant gap in research into the relationships and underlying mechanisms between socioeconomic status (SES) and various mental health outcomes among students during the COVID-19 university closure. With a sample of 839 students from a university in Lanzhou, the capital city of China’s Gansu Province, which was closed during the 2022 autumn semester due to the COVID-19 outbreak, this study examined the relationships between SES and both the negative and positive mental health outcomes, with a particular inquiry into the mediating roles of perceived social support and self-efficacy. The results show that SES had significant and negative total associations with psychological distress (β = −0.119, p < 0.001) and loneliness (β = −0.132, p < 0.001), while having significant and positive total associations with life satisfaction (β = 0.90, p < 0.01) and affective well-being (β = 0.108, p < 0.01). Moreover, perceived social support and self-efficacy independently and sequentially mediated the associations between SES and various mental health outcomes. Research implications for the design and improvement of university measures to reduce the socioeconomic inequalities in students’ mental health are also discussed.
Drought Sensitivity of Spring Wheat Cultivars Shapes Rhizosphere Microbial Community Patterns in Response to Drought

Drought is the most important natural disaster affecting crop growth and development. Crop rhizosphere microorganisms can affect crop growth and development, enhance the effective utilization of nutrients, and resist adversity and hazards. In this paper, six spring wheat varieties were used as research material in the dry farming area of the western foot of the Greater Khingan Mountains, and two kinds of water control treatments were carried out: dry shed rain prevention (DT) and regulated water replenishment (CK). Phenotypic traits, including physiological and biochemical indices, drought resistance gene expression, soil enzyme activity, soil nutrient content, and the responses of potential functional bacteria and fungi under drought stress, were systematically analyzed. The results showed that compared with the control (CK), the leaf wilting, drooping, and yellowing of six spring wheat varieties were enhanced under drought (DT) treatment. The plant height, fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs), soil total nitrogen (TN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), organic carbon (SOC), and soil alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) contents were significantly decreased, among which, FW, Gs and MBC decreased by more than 7.84%, 17.43% and 11.31%, respectively. By contrast, the soil total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and soil catalase (S-CAT) contents were significantly increased (p < 0.05). TaWdreb2 and TaBADHb genes were highly expressed in T.D40, T.L36, and T.L33 and were expressed at low levels in T.N2, T.B12, and T.F5. Among them, the relative expression of the TaWdreb2 gene in T.L36 was significantly increased by 2.683 times compared with CK. Soil TN and TP are the most sensitive to drought stress and can be used as the characteristic values of drought stress. Based on this, a drought-tolerant variety (T.L36) and a drought-sensitive variety (T.B12) were selected to further analyze the changes in rhizosphere microorganisms. Drought treatment and cultivar differences significantly affected the composition of the rhizosphere microbial community. Drought caused a decrease in the complexity of the rhizosphere microbial network, and the structure of bacteria was more complex than that of fungi. The Shannon index and network modular number of bacteria in these varieties (T.L36) increased, with rich small-world network properties. Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota were the dominant bacteria under drought treatment. The beneficial bacteria Bacillus, Penicillium, and Blastococcus were enriched in the rhizosphere of T.L36. Brevibacillus and Glycomyce were enriched in the rhizosphere of T.B12. In general, drought can inhibit the growth and development of spring wheat, and spring wheat can resist drought hazards by regulating the expression of drought-related genes, regulating physiological metabolites, and enriching beneficial microorganisms.
Dauciform roots affect the position of the neighboring plants on the economic spectrum in degraded alpine meadows

Background and aims Special root structures that can dissolve insoluble phosphorus locked in soil are supposed to contribute not only to the growing status of themselves but also to the neighbouring plants. However, whether dauciform roots have any effect on the neighbouring plants and how does it respond to meadow degradation had not been studied. Methods Alpine meadows with different degradation statuses were selected and the functional traits of Carex filispica and the co-occurring species Polygonum viviparum were measured to explore their response to degradation, as well as the response of Polygonum viviparum to the dauciform roots of Carex filispica. Results The results showed that 1) the number of dauciform roots decreased with the intensifying degradation, positively related to available phosphorus in the soil and negatively related to the aboveground phosphorus of Carex filispica. 2) Carex filispica and Polygonum viviparum are similar in specific leaf area and specific root area, yet different in the phosphorus content. The available phosphorus in the soil was negatively related to the aboveground phosphorus of Carex filispica and positively related to that of Polygonum viviparum. 3) When lightly degraded, the proportion of dauciform roots had positive effects on the aboveground resource-acquiring traits of Polygonum viviparum, which were no longer significant at heavy degradation. 4) Polygonum viviparum and Carex filispica without dauciform roots have similar performance: a decrease of belowground carbon with the increasing degradation, and a trend toward resource conservation with the increasing proportion of dauciform roots, which did not exist in Carex filispica with dauciform roots. Conclusion Our study found that dauciform roots had a beneficial effect on the resource acquisition of their neighbouring plants. However, due to the uncontrollable nature of natural habitats, whether this effect is stable and strong enough to be performed in ecological restoration requires further lab-controlled studies.
A Deep Learning Method for Joint Compression and Unsupervised Denoising of CSI Feedback

In this work, we propose a deep learning approach for jointly compressing and denoising the CSI feedback in massive MIMO systems. We consider a practical scenario where only noisy CSI is available for training and inference. To jointly denoise and compress the CSI feedback for improved reconstruction quality without having access to true CSI, we propose a novel generic loss function based on the Stein's unbiased risk estimator (SURE) for unsupervised denoising, and the evidence lower bound (ELBO) for CSI compression. This is in contrast to most existing supervised denoising methods that either require knowledge of the true CSI or are limited to high SNR regimes. Empirically, we show that the proposed approach improves the reconstruction quality of the state-of-the-art method. Moreover, the proposed approach is independent of the choice of the encoder-decoder architecture and can be easily extended to the existing volume of work on this topic.
Insights into Digital Transformation Adoption in State-Owned Organizations: A Study from Vietnam

Digital transformation is a critical imperative for organizations worldwide, transcending industries and sectors. This study focuses on the context of state-owned organizations in Vietnam, investigating the key factors influencing the adoption of digital transformation initiatives. The research explores the roles of Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), and Willingness to Change (WC) in shaping the adoption process. The study employs a quantitative research design, utilizing a structured questionnaire to collect data from 200 managers and staff members in 20 state-owned organizations that have implemented digital transformation. Statistical analysis, including Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), is employed to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal significant relationships between these key factors and digital transformation adoption. Both PU and PEOU have a positive and significant impact on DTA, indicating that when employees perceive digital tools as beneficial and user-friendly, they are more likely to embrace digital transformation. Moreover, a positive relationship between PEOU and WC highlights the importance of user-friendly technologies in fostering employees' willingness to change. Furthermore, the study underscores the mediating role of WC in amplifying the impact of PU and PEOU on DTA, emphasizing the significance of cultivating a workforce open to change in driving successful digital transformation. These findings offer theoretical insights into the digital transformation adoption process in state-owned organizations and provide practical implications for organizations seeking to navigate the complexities of digital transformation in a rapidly evolving technological landscape.
Global Priors With Anchored-Stripe Attention and Multiscale Convolution for Remote Sensing Image Compression

Compressing remote sensing images with high spatial and spectral resolution plays an important role in subsequent image processing and information acquisition. Accurate data modeling can help the entropy model to better estimate the entropy value. For better image recovery, it is necessary to make full use of the prior information contained in the latent information. To achieve global association and hierarchical modeling of latent elements, this article proposes adding additional global anchored-stripe self-attention capturing global, local, and interchannel dependencies. To enhance the feature extraction capabilities of the encoder and the decoder, the multiscale attention module of depthwise convolution is used to increase the receptive field and nonlinear conversion process, ensuring that the network can retain more useful information. We evaluate the compression performance of the proposed method in terms of rate–distortion curves and running speed. Through comparative experiments on DOTA, LoveDA, and UC-Merced datasets, it is shown that the proposed method has a faster running speed than that of the context model. It outperforms some traditional compression methods, such as BPG, WebP, JPEG2000, and state-of-the-art deep-learning-based methods, in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio and multiscale structural similarity index measure. In terms of perceptual quality, adding perceptual loss reduces the smooth image blurring due to MSE loss, and the proposed method has better image perceptual quality under the approximate bits per pixel.
Small-scale mining and child labour in Kolwezi, Democratic Republic of Congo

Child labour is a critical issue in artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The case of Kolwezi in Lualaba is of interest because the area is known as the capital of cobalt, a strategic mineral for the transition to a low-carbon economy. Since 2017, global demand for cobalt has been soaring and this raises the question of working conditions in the ASM. This paper attempts to provide a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of child labour in artisanal cobalt mining. The objective is to analyse the political and socio-economic drives of child labour in Kolwezi. By drawing on the current state of the literature and reports on child labour in the mines, as well as field survey, we investigate the social, political, and economic causes of child labour. Results suggest that children's involvement in the artisanal labour market is caused by poverty status, parental conceptions, income inequalities and market imperfections. The implication is that a holistic approach is required to effectively address the problem of child labour. Such an approach must consider both the situation of the child and the household where child labour occurs. The study emphasizes the importance of sensitization of parents and a holistic approach in all initiatives to eradicate child labour in
Evaluating the Optimality of Dynamic Coupling Strategies in Interdependent Network Systems

Cascading failures are a common phenomenon in complex networked systems, where failures at only a few nodes may trigger a process of sequential failures. We investigate the robustness against cascading failures in systems carrying flows or loads that contain multiple interdependent networks, e.g., power grid, transportation system, etc. In these systems, the coupling coefficients between the networks, which determine how the flow from failed components gets redistributed across the networks, is a key factor affecting the robustness against cascading failures. Prior work has introduced the step-wise optimization (SWO) strategy that dynamically adjusts the coupling coefficients during the course of the cascading failures in an effort to preserve the network size. SWO has been shown to have good performance against cascading failures on synthetic data. In this paper, we show the optimality of the SWO strategy under certain conditions on the flow and capacity distributions of the nodes. We also show, via simulations, that the SWO strategy performs well under various real-world network topologies as well.
Preventing Bullying in Integrated Islamic Boarding Schools of Lhokseumawe City: A Strategic Management Approach

Abstact: This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic boarding school residents in preventing bullying behaviour among students in integrated boarding schools in the city of Lhokseumawe. This research adopts a qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research informants consist of the Islamic boarding school leaders and caregiving staff. Data validity is ensured through source verification techniques. Data analysis is conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Bullying behaviour in Dayah Terpadu Ulumuddin and Pesantren Misbahul Ulum Integrated Boarding Schools is prevented by the boarding schools’ authorities through measures such as reprimanding, advising, punishment, and involving parents. However, the psychological approach has not been fully implemented due to the lack of counselling teachers in the boarding school. The boarding schools’ authorities provide guidance and advice to bullying victims. Some bullying behaviours are considered normal among the students, such as teasing and using nicknames. This behaviour will receive less attention from the boarding school authorities. However, if the bullying involves physical violence, the victim will receive special attention. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran warga pesantren dalam pencegahan perilaku bulliying pada santri di pesantren terpadu Kota Lhokseumawe. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian ini terdiri dari pimpinan dayah, bidang pengasuhan. Pemeriksaaan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan teknik pemeriksaan melalui sumber. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan cara reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Perilaku bullying di Dayah Terpadu Ulumuddin dan Misbahul Ulum dicegah oleh pihak dayah terhadap pelaku bullying, yaitu memberikan teguran, nasihat, hukuman, dan pemanggilan orang tua, sedangkan pendekatan psikologis belum dilaksanakan secara maksimal karena belum tersedianya guru bimbingan konseling di dayah. Tindakan pihak dayah terhadap korban bullying berupa pembinaan dan pemberian nasihat. Perilaku bullying yang dianggap wajar terjadi, seperti mengejek dan memanggil dengan nama julukan kurang mendapat perhatian dari pihak dayah. Akan tetapi, jika bullying yang bersifat fisik seperti pemukulan, korban akan mendapat perhatian khusus.
Provenance of the gold of the Early Bronze Age Nebra Sky Disk, central Germany: geochemical characterization of natural gold from Cornwall

The Early Bronze Age Nebra Sky Disk, central Germany, comprises different types of gold inlays which have been plated and punched onto a bronze disk in three phases. The present study aims at provenancing the gold, used for the first phase, which includes gold sheets in the shape of a sun or full moon, a crescent-shaped moon, and 32 stars. The geochemical composition, determined by LA-ICP-MS, of one fragment of the sun sheet is compared with 66 native gold particles from six placer deposits and one lode gold deposit in Cornwall. The focus on Cornish gold deposits is based on results of previous provenance and tin isotope studies. The geochemical survey is performed using distinctive geochemical tracers ( e.g., Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Pd, Ag, Sn, Sb, Ir, and Pt) which are characterized by high stability during geological and metallurgical processes. For Cornwall, the Carnon gold placers at the localities Devoran and Feock show different variations in Co, Ni, Pd, Ag, Sn, and Sb which correlate with the variation found in the gold from the sun sheet when mixed. This mixture would have been easily possible as both localities are located about three km apart from each other. Similar geochemical comparisons with natural gold from central and southeastern Europe, carried out in a previous provenance study, showed no similarity with the sun sheet. Differences in Cu and Pt contents between the Carnon gold placers and the sun sheet, which have also been detected for the previously studied gold deposits, question the relevance of mineral (micro) inclusions and accretions or unintended contamination with heavy minerals during processing. The results on the gold further led to the comparison of 18 Cornish copper ores with the bronze of the Nebra hoard using lead isotope ratios, which showed no correlation, excluding Cornwall as copper source. With the gold of the first phase of the Nebra Sky Disk being likely to originate from Cornwall, substantial metal trade from the British Isles towards central Germany during the Early Bronze Age must be assumed.
Depressive symptoms and alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents

Abstract Risk behaviors are common in adolescence and demonstrates an association with depressive symptoms. Considering the psychological health implications of this phase in adult life, the aim of this study was to verify associations between depressive symptoms and consumption of alcohol and marijuana, self-injurious behavior, health self-perception, life satisfaction, anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation in adolescents. A total of 298 adolescents, aged 12 to 14 years (61.1% girls), participated in the study. The measures were the translated Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire (HBSC - BR) and the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). The chi-square test, student’s t test and binomial logistic regression (p<0.05) were used. Depressive symptoms were associated with anxiety symptoms and self-injury. Higher risk for alcohol use and consumption, self-injury, negative health self-perception, anxiety and depression related to females. The findings of this population suggest worrying health outcomes, especially for girl.