Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Properties and Antioxidant Capacity of Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus) By-Product Protein Films Containing Thyme Essential Oil

Due to the environmental impact of the excessive quantity of non-degradable waste materials, packaging studies have recently focused on developing biodegradable and/or edible packaging fi lms obtained from natural sources, such as by-products of agriculture, fi shing or livestock raising (1). Among these natural sources, proteins from fi sh processing by-products have been successfully utilised in the development of edible fi lms, as reported by various researchers (2–4). A small sea fi sh, anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus) is nearly 12 cm long with the highest catch rate among the marine fi sh found in Turkey (5,6). Fish head, frame and viscera, as by-products, are generated by anchovy processing, and have been generally turned into by-products with low value (for example fi sh fl our powder to be added to animal feed) or directly disposed into the environment, which in turn causes pollution problems (6). Therefore, it is important that fi sh processing by-products are eff ectively evaluated for the prevention of environmental pollution and obtaining high value-added products (4).
Brief potentially ictal rhythmic discharges in critically ill adults.

IMPORTANCE Brief potentially ictal rhythmic discharges, termed B(I)RDs, have been described mainly in neonates, and their significance in adults remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To describe the incidence of B(I)RDs in critically ill patients and investigate their association with seizures and outcome. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We reviewed the records of prospectively identified patients with B(I)RDs and patients serving as controls matched for age (±5 years) and primary diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The prevalence of seizures during continuous electroencephalography and functional outcome, as measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale, were determined. RESULTS We identified B(I)RDs in 20 patients (2%). The pattern most often consisted of very brief (1-3 seconds) runs of sharply contoured theta activity without obvious evolution. All patients with B(I)RDs had cerebral injury, and in cases with a single focal lesion (11 [55%]), B(I)RDs were localized in the same region in all but 2 cases (18%). Patients with B(I)RDs were more likely to have seizures during continuous electroencephalography than were patients without B(I)RDs (15 of 20 [75%] vs 10 of 40 [25%]; P < .001), and 9 patients with B(I)RDs (60%) had only subclinical seizures. Brief potentially ictal rhythmic discharges were identified before seizures in all but 1 case (93%) and ceased in all 12 cases (80%) in which seizures were controlled. Patients with B(I)RDs tended to have a worse outcome than controls (16 [80%] vs 25 [63%]); however, this finding was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Brief potentially ictal rhythmic discharges in critically ill patients are associated with a high prevalence (75%) of electrographic seizures and might serve as an early predictor of seizures during subsequent monitoring. A larger prospective study is needed to better understand their clinical and prognostic significance.
The Ecological Impact of Conquest and Colonization on a Medieval Frontier Landscape: Combined Palynological and Geochemical Analysis of Lake Sediments from Radzyń Chełminski, Northern Poland

Slavic and German colonization of the southern Baltic between the 8th and 15th centuries A.D. is well‐documented archaeologically and historically. Despite the large number of pollen profiles from Poland, few palaeoecological studies have examined the ecological impact of a process that was central to the expansion of European, Christian, societies. This study aims to redress this balance through multiproxy analysis of lake sediments from Radzyń Chełminski, Northern Poland, using pollen, element geochemistry (Inductively Coupled‐Optical Emission Spectroscopy [ICP‐OES]), organic content, and magnetic susceptibility. The close association between lake and medieval settlements presents the ideal opportunity to reconstruct past vegetation and land‐use dynamics within a well‐documented archaeological, historical, and cultural context. Three broad phases of increasing landscape impact are visible in the pollen and geochemical data dating from the 8th/9th, 10th/11th, and 13th centuries, reflecting successive phases of Slavic and German colonization. This involved the progressive clearance of oak‐hornbeam dominated woodland and the development of an increasingly open agricultural landscape. Although the castles and towns of the Teutonic Order remain the most visible signs of medieval colonization, the palynological and geochemical data demonstrate that the major phase of woodland impact occurred during the preceding phase of Slavic expansion; Germans colonists were entering a landscape already significantly altered.
The (cid:1) E Pathway Is Involved in Bioﬁlm Formation by Crohn’s Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli

Ileal lesions of patients with Crohn’s disease are colonized by adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) bacteria that are able to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), to replicate within macrophages, and to form bioﬁlm. Clinical observations showed that bacterial bioﬁlms were associated with the mucosa of inﬂammatory bowel disease patients. In the present study, we analyzed the relationship between AIEC colonization of the gut and the formation of bioﬁlm, focusing on the involvement of the (cid:1) E pathway in the AIEC-IEC interaction. We observed that (cid:1) E pathway inhibition in AIEC reference strain LF82 led to an impaired ability to adhere to and invade IEC but also induced a large decrease in the abilities to colonize the intestinal mucosa and form bioﬁlm. This indicates that targeting of the (cid:1) E pathway could be a very potent therapeutic strategy by which to interfere with the ability of AIEC to form bioﬁlm on the gut mucosa of Crohn’s disease patients. of (86/609/CEE). Surgery was performed under ket-amine-xylazine anesthesia, and all efforts were made to minimize suffer-ing. Mice were killed by cervical dislocation according to animal care procedures. Statistical analysis. Numerical values are expressed as means with standard errors of the means. Statistical comparisons were performed by using the two-tailed Student t test, unless the variables required a two-tailed Fisher exact test. A P value of (cid:7) 0.05 was considered statistically signiﬁcant.
The Physical Activity 4 Everyone Cluster Randomized Trial 2-Year Outcomes of a School Physical Activity Intervention Among Adolescents

Introduction: Few interventions have been successful in reducing the physical activity decline typically observed among adolescents. The aim of this paper is to report the 24-month effectiveness of a multicomponent school-based intervention (Physical Activity 4 Everyone) in reducing the decline in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among secondary school students in disadvantaged areas of New South Wales, Australia. Study design: A cluster RCT was conducted in ﬁ ve intervention and ﬁ ve control schools with follow-up measures taken at 24 months post-randomization. Setting/participants: The trial was undertaken within secondary schools located in disadvantaged communities in New South Wales, Australia. Intervention: A multicomponent school-based intervention based on the Health Promoting Schools Framework was implemented. The intervention consisted of seven physical activity promotion strategies that targeted the curriculum (teaching strategies to increase physical activity in physical education lessons, student physical activity plans, and modi ﬁ cation of school sport program); school environment (recess/lunchtime activities, school physical activity policy); parents (parent newsletters); and community (community physical activity provider promotion). Six additional strategies supported school implementation of the physical activity intervention strategies. Main outcome measure: Minutes per day spent in MVPA, objectively measured by accelerometer. Results: Participants (N ¼ 1,150, 49% male) were a cohort for daily minutes of mean in in daily MVPA 7.0 minutes (95% CI ¼ 2.7, 11.4, p o 0.002) Sensitivity on multiple imputation consistent the (6.0 sex, baseline BMI, and baseline physical activity level. 65 Students were categorized into two groups for baseline BMI ( “ underweight/healthy weight, ” “ overweight/obese ” ) based on Cole cut-points. 66 Students were categorized into two groups for baseline physical activity ( ≥ 60 minutes of MVPA per day, o 60 minutes of MVPA per day). The moderator variable interaction terms were included separately in the aforementioned LMM analyses for the relevant duration outcomes and, if the three-way interaction term (group X time X moderator) was signi ﬁ cant at p o 0.20, se p arate LMM analyses for the moderator subgroups were undertaken for these variables. 67 Descriptive statistics were used to summarize in-school consultant record data regarding intervention strategy implementation, and intervention group PE teacher and student survey responses.
Biodiversity, speciation, and extinction trends of Proterozoic and Cambrian phytoplankton

The degradation-resistant organic-walled cell envelopes of acritarchs are the most abundant microfossils in Proterozoic and Cambrian rocks. These microfossils reveal diversity fluctuations that illuminate the nature of the record of primary producers near the Proterozoic/Phanerozoic boundary. Neoproterozoic radiations, some 1000–542 m.y. ago, reached levels comparable to those observed in the Cambrian Period. The microbiotas from rock successions from 13 Cambrian biochrons display significant fluctuations in the total number of microfossil taxa belonging to discrete microfossil assemblages. The assemblages reveal that Cambrian protist assemblages evolved over relatively short time spans, apparently out of low-diversity remnant populations after gradual declines in diversity. The characteristic microbiotas of the terminal Neoproterozoic and the Early, Middle, and Late Cambrian blossomed over relatively narrow time ranges, subsequently collapsing to nearly the initial levels. By virtue of the decreasing time spans involved in the late Vendian, Early, Middle, and Late Cambrian respectively, the tempo of specific turnover appears to have varied considerably. Speciation levels gradually decreased during Early and Middle Cambrian times and during Early Cambrian times were accompanied by rising levels of extinction. This latter feature seems to have reversed during Middle Cambrian times, lasting well into Late Cambrian times. Acritarchs were at the base of the marine trophic chain together with bacteria and other protists that are largely unrepresented in the fossil record. For this reason, the rise of diverse Cambrian protistan plankton must have been essential for early marine metazoan differentiation. Indeed, patterns of total diversity, speciation, and extinction of Cambrian acritarchs clearly mirror those of contemporaneous marine invertebrate faunas at the generic level.
Expert midwives' experiences of security in their professional practice: I'm the captain of a jet

Obstetric units have become larger, with patients being knowledgeable and demanding. Also, established team works at maternity wards require that midwives are secure in their role. A descriptive study with a phenomenological approach was used. A maternity unit in a hospital located in Western Sweden was chosen. Five expert midwives with vast experience of obstetric care who worked in a maternity unit were interviewed. Data were collected by audio-taped interviews. The data were analysed by means of Giorgi’s phenomenological method. The results showed that security was constituted by an inherent sense of security as well as confidence in self and in life. Education and practical group training in the workplace provided theoretical knowledge and practical experience. Support for others in the working team and open communication also constituted security. Also, clear leadership, guidelines and routines provided a framework and had a positive effect on expert midwives’ sense of security. When security was absent, midwife became worried, the joy and harmony diminished. In order to ensure midwife security and ultimately safe patient care, it was important to allow time for rest, to reflect on and evaluate their work. Expert midwives can create the prerequisites for their professional security. Several constituents combine to shape midwives’ sense of professional security; an inherent sense of security, own knowledge and experience, team collaboration, visible and clear leadership.
Interdecadal variability of the sea surface height around Japan

The variability of the sea surface height (SSH) around Japan during 1960–2002 was investigated using an ocean general circulation model. The first EOF mode of the simulated SSH change has bidecadal variability and exhibits simultaneous variations around Japan that are in good agreement with the observed sea level changes along the Japanese coast. The variability is caused primarily by the meridional shift of the boundary between the subtropical and subpolar gyres due to shifting of the westerlies over the central North Pacific. The second mode of SSH change indicates a north‐south dipole structure around Japan, that results from a change in the strength of the subtropical gyre due to a change in the magnitude of the westerlies. The rising (descending) trend of the sea level observed in the western (eastern) part of Japan in the past 40 years is determined by the increasing trend of the westerlies.
Reconciling Past and Future Rainfall Trends over East Africa

AbstractThe “long rains” season of East Africa has recently experienced a series of devastating droughts, whereas the majority of climate models predict increasing rainfall for the coming decades. This has been termed the East African climate paradox and has implications for developing viable adaptation policies. A logical framework is adopted that leads to six key hypotheses that could explain this paradox. The first hypothesis that the recent observed trend is due to poor quality data is promptly rejected. An initial judgment on the second hypothesis that the projected trend is founded on poor modeling is beyond the scope of a single study. Analysis of a natural variability hypothesis suggests this is unlikely to have been the dominant driver of recent droughts, although it may have contributed. The next two hypotheses explore whether the balance between competing forcings could be changing. Regarding the possibility that the past trend could be due to changing anthropogenic aerosol emissions, the resul.
Numerical modeling of the growth and drowning of Hawaiian coral reefs during the last two glacial cycles (0–250 kyr)

Drowned coral reefs on rapidly subsiding margins possess a unique archive of sea level and climate changes, generally unavailable from stable or uplifting margins. Using available field observations and sedimentary, radiometric age, and numerical modeling data, we propose a new model of submerged reef development around Hawaii during the last two glacial cycles (250 kyr). This model provides a quantitative predictive stratigraphy for the reefs that we argue, if drilled, will yield new information on sea level and climate changes, as well as coral reef response over the last 250 kyr. Comparing the observational and numerical modeling data, combined with sensitivity testing, we present our “best case” scenario for the evolution of the drowned lowstand reefs now at −400 (H2) and −150 m (H1). We find that growth rates of 2.5–2.85 m/kyr for the main shallow reef building facies, a subsidence rate of 2.5 m/kyr, and a variable basement substrate configuration best explain the observational data. Modeling of the internal stratigraphic succession of the reefs shows that the number and thickness of shallow reef units, as well as the frequency and duration of subaerial exposure and reef‐drowning events, are sensitive to the frequency and amplitude of eustatic sea level variations but not the rate of subaerial erosion. H2 and H1 initiated growth during stable eustatic sea level conditions during highstands circa 222 ka (MIS7) and circa 126 ka (MIS5e), respectively. Both H2 and H1 have a long and complex growth history, growing episodically for ∼90 kyr. Precessional (∼20 kyr) and higher‐frequency, suborbital eustatic sea level fluctuations dominate, with each reef experiencing repeated but brief (<5–10 kyr) drowning and subaerial exposure, producing a complex layer cake stratigraphy of shallow (0–30 m) coral reef units separated by either subaerial exposure horizons or thin, intermediate (30–60 m) coralgal units. Final drowning of H2 and H1 occurs during the penultimate (133–134 ka) and last deglaciation (12–14 ka). These findings are consistent with available age data and qualitative predictions of previous studies around Hawaii.
Chlorofluorocarbon‐derived formation rates of the deep and bottom waters of the Weddell Sea

The spreading and mixing of deep and bottom waters from the Weddell Sea (originating with potential temperature <0°C) are investigated through analysis of new and historical CFC measurements. We investigate the component that enters the southern Indian Ocean with a simple one-dimensional advection-diffusion model of the deep boundary current. This model does not require a condition of mixing solely with tracer-free water to be imposed. As boundary conditions, we derive time histories for the CFC concentrations of newly formed Weddell Sea deep and bottom waters. A range of best fit velocities is obtained by determining which model velocities produce model tracer concentrations closest to measured concentrations. From this, we derive a formation rate of 3.2±1.5 Sv for the waters originating with temperatures lower than 0°C that subsequently enter the southern Indian Ocean. This compares to an upper limit for these waters of 5.7 Sv derived from the CFC-11/CFC-12 ratio. Whilst the former value is dependent on the highly idealized concepts of the model used, the latter is a more robust upper limit. Using the CFC-11/CFC-12 ratio measured at Vema Channel during the World Ocean Circulation Experiment cruise A23, an upper limit of 0.9 Sv is derived for the formation rate of waters colder than 0°C that enter the South Atlantic. Overall, an upper limit of 6.6 Sv is derived for the rate of formation of the deep and bottom waters of the Weddell Sea. A better representation is obtained by combining the upper limit to the South Atlantic component with the model-derived southern Indian Ocean estimate; we thus estimate the formation rate of the deep and bottom waters in the Weddell Sea to be 3.7±1.6 Sv. Whilst the range obtained is large and the assumptions implicit in the calculations are potentially significant, we believe this more realistically represents the true formation rate than estimates derived using an imposed condition of tracer-free mixing. The range can be narrowed in future as more data become available.
P–T–t evolution of granulite facies metamorphism and partial melting in the Winding Stair Gap, Central Blue Ridge, North Carolina, USA

The Winding Stair Gap in the Central Blue Ridge province exposes granulite facies schists, gneisses, granofelses and migmatites characterized by the mineral assemblages: garnet–biotite–sillimanite–plagioclase–quartz, garnet–hornblende–biotite–plagioclase–quartz ± orthopyroxene ± clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene–biotite–quartz. Multiple textural populations of biotite, kyanite and sillimanite in pelitic schists support a polymetamorphic history characterized by an early clockwise P–T path in which dehydration melting of muscovite took place in the stability field of kyanite. Continued heating led to dehydration melting of biotite until peak conditions of 850 ± 30 °C, 9 ± 1 kbar were reached. After equilibrating at peak temperatures, the rocks underwent a stage of near isobaric cooling during which hydrous melt ± K‐feldspar were replaced by muscovite, and garnet by sillimanite + biotite + plagioclase. Most monazite crystals from a pelitic schist display patchy zoning for Th, Y and U, with some matrix crystals having as many as five compositional zones. A few monazite inclusions in garnet, as well as Y‐rich cores of some monazite matrix crystals, yield the oldest dates of c. 500 Ma, whereas a few homogeneous matrix monazites that grew in the main foliation plane yield dates of 370–330 Ma. Culling and analysis of individual spot dates for eight monazite grains yields three age populations of 509 ± 14 Ma, 438 ± 5 Ma and 360 ± 5 Ma. These data suggest that peak‐temperature metamorphism and partial melting in the central Blue Ridge occurred during the Salinic or Taconic orogeny. Following near isobaric cooling, a second weaker thermal pulse possibly related to intrusion of nearby igneous bodies resulted in growth of monazite c. 360 Ma, coinciding with the Neoacadian orogeny.
Prevalence Of Overweight And Obesity In A Private School Of Orissa, India

Obesity has become a major epidemic causing serious public health concern and contributes to 2.6 million deaths worldwide every year. In developing countries such as India, especially in urban populations and affluent children, obesity is emerging as a major health problem. Objectives: 1. To study the prevalence of overweight & obesity among school children of an affluent school. 2. To assess the risk factors related to obesity. Materials and methods: The present study was a cross sectional study conducted in an affluent English Medium School of Bhubaneswar during Jan. Feb. 2011. After getting permission from school authorities, the data was collected from students of Class 1 to 10. One section from each class is randomly selected and all the students present during the survey were screened for overweight and obesity. In this way, data was collected from 468 children. Complete data of each child were collected using a pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire. Result: Out of total 468 school children, 41.9% were boys and 58.1% were girls. 44.4% children belong to 5-10 years age group while the 55.6% children belong to 10-15 years age group. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children of 5-15 years was found to be 28.63% (overweight – 14.1% and obesity – 14.53%). Maximum prevalence i.e. 36.54% was found in children of 5-10 years age group and 33.65% in boys. Overweight and Obesity was found significantly higher in Children of 5-10 years age group, with family H/O obesity, not playing outdoor games, not doing regular exercise, watching TV, Computer more than 2 hours daily and consuming junk food regularly. Conclusion: Periodic screening for overweight and obesity should be done in schools followed by counseling of parents of overweight and obese children. Counseling of adolescent children on lifestyle modification should be emphasized.
A Cooperative Investigation of Precision and Accuracy in Chemical, Spectrochemical and Modal Analysis of Silicate Rocks. Contributions to Geochemistry, 1950-51,

Abstract : Partial contents: Preparation and distribution of the samples; Results of chemical analysis of samples of granite and diabase; Spectrochemical analysis of major constituent elements in minerals and rocks; Spectrochemical analysis of some of the rarer elements in the granite and diabase samples; Modal analyses of the test rocks; Summary of results. jg p.5
Bladder Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis

Disturbances of micturition are important in multiple sclerosis, not only because of their high incidence, the amount of discomfort and embarrassment they cause, and their contribution to the mortality of the disease, but because control of the excretory functions is the most important single factor which determines the patient's admission to hospital. Under satisfactory home conditions many patients with this disease can remain with their families for many years, but the development of urinary retention demands urgent admission to hospital, while incontinence very often necessitates long-terminstitutional