Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The acetyltransferase KAT7 is required for thymic epithelial cell expansion, expression of AIRE target genes, and thymic tolerance

The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) induces the transcription of thousands of peripheral tissue genes (PTGs) in thymic epithelial cells (TECs) to mediate immunological tolerance. The chromatin state required for optimal AIRE function in TECs and how this state is induced remains unclear. We tested the role of the histone acetyltransferase, KAT7 (also known as HBO1 or MYST2), which is essential for acetylation of histone 3 lysine 14, in TEC differentiation, AIRE-mediated PTG expression, and thymic tolerance. We find that KAT7 is required for optimal expansion of medullary TEC and has a major role in the expression of AIRE-dependent PTGs, associated with enhanced chromatin accessibility at these gene loci in TECs. Mice with TEC-specific Kat7 deletion develop organ-specific autoimmunity with features resembling those observed in Aire-deficient mice. These findings highlight critical roles for KAT7-mediated acetylation in promoting a chromatin state at PTG loci that enables AIRE function and the establishment of immunological tolerance. Description The histone acetyltransferase KAT7 is required for AIRE-mediated thymic tolerance. Configuring chromatin for thymic tolerance Effective induction of self-tolerance in the thymus depends on the ability of medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) to express thousands of peripheral tissue genes (PTGs) otherwise restricted to specific peripheral tissues. The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) protein plays a key role in transcription of PTGs by mTECs, but it is unclear what other proteins assist AIRE in activating PTG expression. Heinlein et al. analyzed thymic development and AIRE-dependent gene expression in mice lacking KAT7, a histone acetyltransferase, in thymic epithelial cells. KAT7 deficiency impaired mTEC expansion and expression of AIRE-dependent PTGs, resulting in organ-specific autoimmunity. These findings indicate that KAT7 and the histone “marks” it leaves on chromatin are needed to support AIRE’s role in maintaining thymic tolerance and preventing autoimmunity.
Trajectory of first-year students’ depressive mood after the transition to high school: The role of personality dimensions

This short-term longitudinal study investigated the developmental trajectory of first-year students’ depressive mood and the role of personality dimensions after the transition to high school. Chinese first-year high school students (251 males, 295 females) completed surveys to determine depressive mood and personality dimensions. The latent growth modeling results were as follows: participants’ depressive mood increased linearly after the transition to high school, and the intercept and slope of depressive mood were insignificantly correlated; neuroticism significantly and positively predicted the intercept and slope of depressive mood; extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness negatively and significantly predicted the intercept of depressive mood, but insignificantly predicted the slope; and agreeableness did not predict the intercept or slope of depressive mood. Overall, first-year students’ depressive mood increased linearly and personality dimensions differently predict depressive mood during this period.
Walking elicits global brain activity in Drosophila

Movement and behavioral state influence perception, and a stimulus can elicit opposite behavioral actions depending on whether the animal is moving toward or away from it. Here, we use fast wholebrain lightfield imaging in adult Drosophila melanogaster to analyze the relationship between movement and neuronal activity. Using pan-neuronal calcium imaging, we observe brainwide neuronal activity that tightly correlated with spontaneous bouts of movement. Imaging of specific sets of neurons across the brain reveals that both excitatory and inhibitory as well as different types of neuromodulatory neurons are active during walk inconsistent with a reduction of inhibition on neuronal activity. While most neuron types are activated at walk-onset, serotonergic neurons show more complex patterns of activity with neurons in several brain regions being inhibited during walk. Using available anatomical data, we map forward running and turning-induced activity onto different brain subregions and sometimes individual neurons. Moreover, we find that spontaneous walk and forced walk elicit highly similar wholebrain activity suggesting that a large part of the observed activity corresponds to walk itself rather than its initiation by higher brain centers. Based on our data, we conclude that movement and movement-related sensory feedback signals originating in the ventral nerve cord induce wide-spread activity in the brain allowing the integration of behavioral state into most or all brain processes.
Control of Surface Plasmon Resonance in Silver Nanocubes by CEP-Locked Laser Pulse

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of metal nanoparticles has attracted increasing attention in surface-enhanced Raman scattering, chemical and biological sensing applications. In this article, we calculate the optical extinction spectra of a silver nanocube driven by an ultrashort carrier envelope phase (CEP)-locked laser pulse. Five LSPR modes are clearly excited in the optical spectra. We analyze the physical origin of each mode from the charge distribution on different parts of the cubic particle and the dipole and quadrupole excitation features at the LSPR peaks. The charge distribution follows a simple rule that when the charge concentrates from the face to the corners of the cubic particle, the resonant wavelength red-shifts. Then we modulate the LSPR spectra by changing CEP. The results show that CEP has selective plasmon mode excitation functionality and can act as a novel modulation role on LSPR modes. Our work suggests a novel means to regulate LSPR modes and the corresponding optical properties of metal nanoparticles via various freedoms of controlled optical field, which can be useful for optimized applications in chemical and biological sensors, single molecule detection, and so on.
Pharmacotherapy of residual excessive sleepiness among continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treated patients with sleep apnea

ABSTRACT Introduction Patients with persistent sleepiness after adequate treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) experience impaired cognition, reduced productivity, and worse quality of life. Although the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are not completely understood, neuroimaging studies have identified reduced gray matter in the frontal cortex and alterations in white matter integrity suggestive of axonal and myelin damage. The intermittent hypoxia with resulting oxidative injury is considered a prime culprit behind the loss of wake-promoting catecholaminergic neurons. Areas covered This narrative review gives an overview of the pathophysiology and approaches to managing patients with residual sleepiness. The authors explore different targeted strategies aimed at improving selection of appropriate pharmacotherapy. Expert opinion Wake-stimulant medications (modafinil and armodafinil) have demonstrated efficacy in reducing sleepiness in adequately treated OSA. The recent FDA approval of pitolisant and solriamfetol complements the use of modafinil by substituting for direct sympathomimetic agents. The distinctive pharmacologic profile and mode of action of each of these agents offer the opportunity of a personalized approach to the management of this disorder. Further studies should be conducted on the long-term effect of these agents alone or in combination on brain structural and functional changes.
Mechanisms of Glyphosate Resistance in Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia): Patterns of Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism

Abstract Glyphosate's efficacy is influenced by the amount absorbed and translocated throughout the plant to inhibit 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Glyphosate resistance can be due to target-site (TS) or non–target site (NTS) resistance mechanisms. TS resistance includes an altered target site and gene overexpression, while NTS resistance includes reduced absorption, reduced translocation, enhanced metabolism, and exclusion/sequestration. The goal of this research was to elucidate the mechanism(s) of glyphosate resistance in common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) from Ontario, Canada. The resistance factor for this glyphosate-resistant (GR) A. artemisiifolia biotype is 5.1. No amino acid substitutions were found at positions 102 or 106 of the EPSPS enzyme in this A. artemisiifolia biotype. Based on [14C]glyphosate studies, there was no difference in glyphosate absorption or translocation between glyphosate-susceptible (GS) and GR A. artemisiifolia biotypes. Radio-labeled glyphosate metabolites were similar for GS and GR A. artemisiifolia 96 h after application. Glyphosate resistance in this A. artemisiifolia biotype is not due to an altered target site due to amino acid substitutions at positions 102 and 106 in the EPSPS and is not due to the NTS mechanisms of reduced absorption, reduced translocation, or enhanced metabolism.
Fault diagnosis model distributed intelligence based on multi-agent system

Modern malfunction diagnosis is a dynamic,distributed,flexible,real-time and uncertain complicated system.The paper tried to introduce multi-agent technology to the complicated malfunction diagnosis.Based on the distributed artificial intelligence,the paper analyzed MAS based on the distributed intelligent malfunction diagnosis method and process,and discussed pattern-clustering based malfunction solution-finding mechanism and the identification and decomposing of a diagnosis task.It also (studied) the restriction and relationship of multi-agent in the sense of macroscopic,and designed the expression mechanism for applied agent's work status.Else it ascertained the influence and the communication and the interaction among applied agents,constructed a multi-agent fuzzy related model.The paper presented an integrated descriptive structure of local diagnosis decision and global diagnosis decision,established a distributed agent diagnosis system structure and its prototype model system too.When the model was applied to the power enterprise's security monitor system,the result was similar to expert system.The model overcame many deficiencies of precious monitor diagnosis system,enhanced the efficiency of the enterprise security running.Compared with the traditional diagnosis method,the proposed model has the special advantage in the distributed domain.
HOW DO MARITIME ENGLISH COURSEBOOKS FACILITATE CADETS TO ACQUIRE PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE? FOCUS ON IMPERATIVE FORMS IN THE DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT

This article aims to describe the strategies of current maritime English coursebooks in presenting imperative forms in the speech act of directive. In this case, the strategies and pragmatic meanings of imperatives in two course books were investigated. The course books were also assessed to see if they were representative in terms of presenting imperatives to aid pragmatic competence development. Marlin’s coursebook showed multimodality strategies, but it was less sufficient in presenting imperatives since it only displayed them in emergency situation. On the other hand, IMO SMCP coursebook presented completely contexts in imperatives, but it only used text and dialog. Data was collected from 30 cadets with a multiple choice and DCT to measure their pragmatic competence after given the imperative materials. The results revealed that the cadets were able to perform imperatives almost completely appropriate in helpful context with pictures, but they still had problems to release imperatives in certain situations with text-only. Students’ attitudes toward the coursebook were they perceived that the coursebooks have already met the expectations in term of imperative forms. However, they saw helpful contexts with pictures like in Marlin coursebook were easier and better in improving their ability to produce imperatives.
A review of the influences of organic farming on soil quality, crop productivity and produce quality

Abstract Soil and crop management practices affect soil processes, agro-ecosystem functioning and sustainability of agricultural production systems. Organic farming production system is being promoted as a low cost environment friendly production system for, improved human and soil health, better environment, and increased agricultural sustainability. The reviewed literature is in consensus that organic farming, undoubtedly, improves soil quality due to application of organic manures and composts, and adoption of legume-based diversified cropping systems. Conversely, there is also consensus on lower productivity of crops (5–58%) under organic farming than the conventional system though exceptions are there. Despite the lower crop productivity, it may become more profitable if price premiums are available on organic produce. Its role in improving nutritional quality of produce though is debatable; but owing to absence of synthetic inputs organic produce is generally considered to be safer and healthy. The organic farming practices are expected to improve the soil quality over imbalanced and discriminate use of agro-chemical inputs. In sole productivity terms, organic farming may not be a viable farming system but in terms of overall ecosystem services, the system definitely has an edge over the conventional system.
Impact area and Timeliness of Rail Transit to Value of Property:Base on Demonstration Analysis about Chongqing Rail Transit 2~(nd) Line

Basing on demonstration analysis about Chongqing Rail Transit 2nd Line, the paper studied the impact area of it to value of property, the result indicates that the impact area of Chongqing Rail Transit 2nd Line to property value of Da Dukou District is the biggest, reach 2.5 km; besides, the paper studied the impact timeliness of Chongqing Rail Transit 2nd Line to value of property, discovereds when the rail transit totally starts working and is open to the traffic.
Identification of homogeneous groups of real estate markets and the pandemic resilience of the construction sector

: In the research process, Identification of homogeneous groups of real estate markets and the pandemic resilience. in which the leaders with the greatest potential A list of determinants with the highest and lowest dynamics was extracted. A statistical analysis was also performed based on the results of a survey of the economic situation in the construction industry, performed mainly to compare the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The year of 2020, according to the GUS survey, was dominated by pessimism, both in the assessment of barriers to business activity and in the assessment of the current and future situation of enterprises.
PASSIVITY\|BASED DESIGN OF ROBUST CONTROL SYSTEMS

An approach for the design of robust control for uncertain nonlinear systems is proposed.An appropriate differential operator is conveyed to the controlled plant by a network of cascade compensation,while its remained part is passivitized via optimum bang\|bang control.A proper sign\|following system is introduced to make the feedforward pass strictly passive.The whole feedback system is strongly robust.The cases for stable,unstable,inversely unstalbe plants are discussed.
Can Areas of High Alkalinity Freshwater Discharge Provide Potential Refugia for Marine Calcifying Organisms?

The Springs Coast of Florida, USA (northeast Gulf of Mexico), includes an extensive system of springs and spring-fed streams that discharge billions of liters of water daily. The spring waters have high alkalinity and high calcium concentrations due to the Paleogene limestone lithology of this region. Benthic foraminifers are abundant on the shallow shelf, including Archaias angulatus which hosts chlorophyte symbionts. This study was motivated by the hypothesis that areas of discharge from limestone lithofacies may provide refugia for calcifying organisms during ocean acidification. Environmental data and sediment samples were available from 41 sites at depths <8 m. Benthic foraminiferal species identified (142) included 65 porcelaneous, 65 hyaline, and 12 agglutinated taxa, with 13 species sufficiently common to make up ≥2% total relative abundance. Overall, 58% of the specimens were porcelaneous and most of the remainder were hyaline. Smaller miliolids dominated in samples from most of the inshore polyhaline sites (22–30), while hyaline taxa co-dominated the more offshore sites (salinities >30), representing a distribution reversal compared to previous reports from Gulf of Mexico coastal habitats. The elevated alkalinity and calcium ion concentrations associated with freshwater discharge from limestone lithofacies allows Ar. angulatus and small miliolids to thrive in polyhaline waters.
The most sensitive initial error of sea surface height anomaly forecasts and its implication for target observations of mesoscale eddies

We used the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) approach to investigate the most sensitive initial error of sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) forecasts by using a two-layer quasigeostrophic model and revealed the importance of mesoscale eddies in initialization of the SSHA forecasts. Then, the CNOP-type initial errors for individual mesoscale eddies were calculated, revealing that the errors tend to occur in locations where the eddies present a clear high-to low-velocity gradient along the eddy rotation and the errors often have a shear SSHA structure present. Physically, we interpreted the rationality of the particular location and shear structure of the CNOP-type errors by barotropic instability from the perspective of the Lagrange expression of fluid motions. Numerically, we examined the sensitivity of the CNOP-type errors by using observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs). We concluded that if additional observations are preferentially implemented in the location where CNOP-type errors occur, especially with a particular array indicated by their shear structure, the forecast ability of the SSHA can be significantly improved. These results provide scientific guidance for the target observation of mesoscale eddies and therefore are very instructive for improving ocean state SSHA forecasts.
Efficient Production of Carbonyl Sulfide in the Low‐NOx Oxidation of Dimethyl Sulfide

The oxidation of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is the primary, continuous source of stratospheric sulfate aerosol particles, which can scatter shortwave radiation and catalyze heterogeneous reactions in the stratosphere. While it has been estimated that the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), emitted from the surface ocean accounts for 8%–20% of the global OCS source, there is no existing DMS oxidation mechanism relevant to the marine atmosphere that is consistent with an OCS source of this magnitude. We describe new laboratory measurements and theoretical analyses of DMS oxidation that provide a mechanistic description for OCS production from hydroperoxymethyl thioformate, a ubiquitous, soluble DMS oxidation product. We incorporate this chemical mechanism into a global chemical transport model, showing that OCS production from DMS is a factor of 3 smaller than current estimates, displays a maximum in the tropics consistent with field observations and is sensitive to multiphase cloud chemistry.
Effects of Split Application of Urea on Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions From a Rainfed Maize Field in Northeast China

Split application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers during different crop growth stages to fulfill the crop N requirements reduces soil mineral N concentrations and improves the efficiency of crop N fertilizer use, and can decrease nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from the soil. However, inconsistent results regarding N2O emissions have been reported in rainfed areas. Furthermore, few long-term studies have explained the effects of split N application on soil methane (CH4) flux, thus limiting complete assessment of the effects of split N application on total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, long-term monitoring is urgently required to understand the impacts of split N application on GHG emissions in rainfed areas. In this study, a 6-year field experiment was conducted in a rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) field in Northeast China. The experiment included three treatments: no N application representing control (CK), single application at the sowing stage of maize (SU), and split N at the sowing and jointing stages at a ratio of 1: 2 (SF). Between the sowing and jointing stages, N2O emissions were significantly higher in SU than in SF. However, high N2O emissions were observed in SF for 1 month after N application at the jointing stage possibly because the time of N application coincided with optimum precipitation and soil temperature conditions, which stimulated N2O emissions. Overall, the total N2O emissions showed no significant difference between SU and SF. During the study period, split application of N fertilizer did not significantly affect the cumulative CH4 flux. Compared to CK, the yield-scaled GWP in SF treatment increased by 18.7% (p < 0.05). Ammonia (NH3) volatilization in SF was 272% higher than that in SU. The findings indicated that split N application exhibited an environmental risk by increasing the yield-scaled GWP and NH3 emissions in the field. Thus, this study suggested that single N application applied in the sowing stage should be employed in rainfed fields to mitigate the yield-scaled GWP and NH3 emissions, and maintain efficient maize yields.
The novel leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase MRK1 regulates resistance to multiple stresses in tomato

Abstract Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) are ubiquitous in higher plants and act as receptors of extracellular signals to trigger multiple physiological processes. However, the functions of the majority of LRR-RLKs remain largely unknown, especially in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Here, we found that MRK1 (Multiple resistance-associated kinase 1), encoding a novel tomato LRR-RLK, was significantly induced by temperature stresses and bacterial pathogen attacks. Knocking out MRK1 impaired tolerance to both cold and heat stress, accompanied by decreased transcript levels of the master regulators C-repeat binding factor 1 (CBF1) and Heat shock transcription factor a-1a (HsfA1a), respectively. In addition, mrk1 mutants were hypersensitive to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and Ralstonia solanacearum and showed compromised pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) responses, as evidenced by decreased production of reactive oxygen species and reduced upregulation of PTI marker genes. Moreover, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, split-luciferase assays, and co-immunoprecipitation supported the formation of a complex of MRK1, FLS2, and Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase (SERK3A/SERK3B) in a ligand-independent manner. This work demonstrates that tomato MRK1 is a novel positive regulator of multiple stress responses and may be a potential breeding target for improving crop stress resistance.