Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust fault detection for gearbox failure

This contribution presents a methodology to detect material deterioration in periodic systems using model identification. To detect the failure, the relation between the model's parameters and failure's characteristics are analyzed. Thus, a robust and an efficient algorithm is proposed to detect failures. The algorithm leads to a residual parameter to identify anomaly, which allows an intuitive failure detection. The convexity of criterion, the variation of parameters within interval and the residual's expression allow to use optimisation algorithm or step evaluation of criterion, where the last procedure allows to simplify the implementation of the algorithm and aims to online utilization. The proposed approach is applied to gearbox system, where the classical analysis cannot bring clear information about deterioration. The efficiency of the proposed method is as well proved and the application is used to benchmark the algorithm's parameters.
THE M87 BLACK HOLE MASS FROM GAS-DYNAMICAL MODELS OF SPACE TELESCOPE IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH OBSERVATIONS

The supermassive black hole of M87 is one of the most massive black holes known and has been the subject of several stellar and gas-dynamical mass measurements; however, the most recent revision to the stellar-dynamical black hole mass measurement is a factor of about two larger than the previous gas-dynamical determinations. Here, we apply comprehensive gas-dynamical models that include the propagation of emission-line profiles through the telescope and spectrograph optics to new Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph observations from the Hubble Space Telescope. Unlike the previous gas-dynamical studies of M87, we map out the complete kinematic structure of the emission-line disk within ∼40 pc from the nucleus, and find that a small amount of velocity dispersion internal to the gas disk is required to match the observed line widths. We examine a scenario in which the intrinsic velocity dispersion provides dynamical support to the disk, and determine that the inferred black hole mass increases by only 6%. Incorporating this effect into the error budget, we ultimately measure a mass of (68% confidence). Our gas-dynamical black hole mass continues to differ from the most recent stellar-dynamical mass by a factor of two, underscoring the need for carrying out more cross-checks between the two main black hole mass measurement methods.
The Carina Project. V. The Impact of NLTE Effects on the Iron Content

We have performed accurate iron abundance measurements for 44 red giants (RGs) in the Carina dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy. We used archival, high-resolution spectra (R ∼ 38,000) collected with UVES at ESO/VLT either in slit mode (five RGs) or in fiber mode (39 RGs, FLAMES/GIRAFFE-UVES). The sample is more than a factor of 4 larger than any previous spectroscopic investigation of stars in dSphs based on high-resolution (R≥38000) spectra. We did not impose the ionization equilibrium between neutral and singly ionized iron lines. The effective temperatures and the surface gravities were estimated by fitting stellar isochrones in the V,B - V color-magnitude diagram. To measure the iron abundance of individual lines we applied the LTE spectrum-synthesis fitting method using MARCS model atmospheres of appropriate metallicity. For the 27 stars for which we measured both Fe I and Fe II abundances, we found evidence of NLTE effects between neutral and singly ionized iron abundances. The difference is ∼0.1 dex, on average, but steadily increases when moving from the metal-rich to the metal-poor regime. Moreover, the two metallicity distributions differ at the 97% confidence level. Assuming that the Fe II abundances are minimally affected by NLTE effects, we corrected the Fe I stellar abundances using a linear fit between Fe I and Fe II stellar abundance determinations. We found that the Carina metallicity distribution based on the corrected Fe I abundances (44 RGs) has a weighted mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = -1.80 and a weighted standard deviation of σ = 0.24 dex. The Carina metallicity distribution based on the Fe II abundances (27 RGs) gives similar estimates ([Fe/H] = -1.72, σ = 0.24 dex). The current weighted mean metallicities are slightly more metal-poor when compared with similar estimates available in the literature. Furthermore, when we restricted our analysis to stars with the most accurate iron abundances, ∼20 Fe I and at least three Fe II measurements (15 stars), we found that the range in iron abundances covered by Carina RGs (∼1 dex) agreed quite well with similar estimates based on high-resolution spectra; however, it is a factor of 2–3 smaller than abundance estimates based on the near-infrared calcium triplet. This finding supports previous estimates based on photometric metallicity indicators.
Spatio-Temporal Pattern and Influence Mechanism of Rural Human Settlements System Resilience: Case from China

The study of rural habitat systems from the perspective of resilience is of great significance in revealing the inner laws of the evolution of the rural human settlements system and promoting sustainable rural development. This study aims to explain the theoretical connotation of the rural human settlements system resilience (RHSSR), construct an evaluation system and zoning rules for rural habitat system resilience, and explore the spatial distribution pattern of rural habitat system resilience in China and the factors influencing the differences in the level of rural resilience using 30 Chinese provinces as examples to provide effective governance solutions for sustainable rural development. The results show that: (1) The RHSSR refers to the sustainability of the RHSS; i.e., the ability of a system to absorb and adapt to internal and external disturbances and shocks by adjusting the structure and scale of its internal elements, discarding the original inapplicable state to the greatest extent possible and creating a new recovery path to another new equilibrium state. (2) The overall downward trend of RHSSR in 30 Chinese provinces between 2000 and 2020 is consistent with the fact that a large number of villages have died out in China in recent years. (3) The RHSSR is higher in eastern China than in central and western China; although the regional gap is gradually narrowing. (4) An analysis of the evolutionary trend of the RHSSR shows that the northeastern and eastern regions of China belong to the major evolution area of the RHSSR; most areas in central and western China belong to the degraded vulnerable area of the RHSSR, while the potential recession area of the RHSSR is more scattered, mainly in Beijing, Tianjin, and Inner Mongolia in northern China, Chongqing, Hubei, and Qinghai in central China, and Guangdong and Fujian in the southern China region of Guangdong and Fujian. (5) The results of the analysis of geographical detectors show that the effect of the basic-driven factors in the RHSSR decreases significantly with time, while the effect of the core-driven and externally-driven factors increases, and the effect of the two factors is greater than that of the single factor. Among them, industrial structure (IS) has an important influence on the spatial differentiation of the resilience level of rural human settlements system. (6) Optimization strategies are proposed in terms of spatial planning; industrial integration and public participation for the development of different sub-regions.
Teachers’ Profile on Minimum Competency Assessment Tasks Implementation in Senior High School Level

Pandemic era has given amendment toward education that the government legalizes new regulation related to learning quality by considering assessment matter. In relation to assessment, minimum competency assessment is the first aspect to be deliberated. It made the society is not prepared and get incomprehensible. Considering teachers take essential role in the implementation of the new regulation, investigation on teachers’ competence on designing minimum competency assessment task comes into concern. In analyzing teachers’ competence, qualitative method was prepared by combining documentation and questionnaire. The documentation is minimum competency assessment tasks designed by teachers. The tasks designed were analyzed by using components of AKM. Based on the data analysis, the tasks designed were fulfilled and completed the components of AKM that teachers’ competence on designing AKM tasks is accomplished. In finding teachers’ sketch, questionnaire was then distributed. The questionnaire confirms teachers’ motivation in AKM implementation. By referring to the questionnaire, suggestion for further research related to minimum competency assessment is recommended for the sake of society’s conception on succeeding learning quality as well as assessment matter supplemented that support their perplexing.
The UV and X-ray activity of the M dwarfs within 10 pc of the Sun

M dwarfs are the most numerous stars in the Galaxy. They are characterized by strong magnetic activity. The ensuing high-energy emission is crucial for the evolution of their planets and the eventual presence of life on them. We systematically study the X-ray and ultraviolet emission of a subsample of M dwarfs from a recent proper-motion survey, selecting all M dwarfs within 10 pc to obtain a nearly volume-limited sample (∼90 per cent completeness). Archival ROSAT, XMM–Newton and GALEX data are combined with published spectroscopic studies of Hα emission and rotation to obtain a broad picture of stellar activity on M dwarfs. We make use of synthetic model spectra to determine the relative contributions of photospheric and chromospheric emission to the ultraviolet flux. We also analyse the same diagnostics for a comparison sample of young M dwarfs in the TW Hya association (∼10 Myr). We find that generally the emission in the GALEX bands is dominated by the chromosphere but the photospheric component is not negligible in early-M field dwarfs. The surface fluxes for the Hα, near-ultraviolet, far-ultraviolet and X-ray emission are connected via a power-law dependence. We present here for the first time such flux–flux relations involving broad-band ultraviolet emission for M dwarfs. Activity indices are defined as flux ratio between the
OBSERVATIONS OF RECONNECTING FLARE LOOPS WITH THE ATMOSPHERIC IMAGING ASSEMBLY

Perhaps the most compelling evidence for the role of magnetic reconnection in solar flares comes from the supra-arcade downflows that have been observed above many post-flare loop arcades. These downflows are thought to be related to highly non-potential field lines that have reconnected and are propagating away from the current sheet. We present new observations of supra-arcade downflows taken with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The morphology and dynamics of the downflows observed with AIA provide new evidence for the role of magnetic reconnection in solar flares. With these new observations we are able to measure downflows originating at larger heights than in previous studies. We find, however, that the initial velocities measured here (∼144 km s−1) are well below the Alfvén speed expected in the lower corona, and consistent with previous results. We also find no evidence that the downflows brighten with time, as would be expected from chromospheric evaporation. These observations suggest that simple two-dimensional models cannot explain the detailed observations of solar flares.
Ready to Rent: Administrative Decisions and Poverty Governance in the Housing Choice Voucher Program

Sociological studies of poverty governance investigate how state actors manage marginalized populations, regulate their participation in social institutions, and reform their behavior through systems of punishment and rewards. Research in this area considers a range of institutions involved in managing poverty, but it has largely ignored an institution omnipresent in the lives of the poor—public housing agencies (PHAs). Focusing on the Housing Choice Voucher program, the largest rental assistance program in the country, I examine discretionary choices made by PHAs that affect who gets access to rental assistance, how long clients have to wait, and what they must do to maintain their benefits. I ask how these administrative decisions create successive opportunities for state agencies to govern the poor. Drawing on interviews with agency officials, I describe a tripartite process of selecting market-ready households, engaging them in rituals of market formation, and utilizing market nudges to remind them of their responsibilities as market actors. This framework deepens sociological understandings of how local state agencies utilize discretionary choices in a resource-scarce, highly decentralized policy environment to evaluate, reform, and discipline the poor.
The giant H ii region NGC 588 as a benchmark for 2D photoionisation models

Aims. We use optical integral field spectroscopy and 8 μm and 24 μm mid-IR observations of the giant H ii region NGC 588 in the disc of M33 as input and constraints for two-dimensional tailor-made photoionisation models under different geometrical approaches. We do this to explore the spatial distribution of gas and dust in the interstellar, ionised medium surrounding multiple massive stars. Methods. Two different geometrical approaches are followed for the modelling structure: i) Each spatial element of the emitting gas is studied individually using models, which assume that the ionisation structure is complete in each element, to look for azimuthal variations across gas and dust. ii) A single model is considered, and the two-dimensional structure of the gas and the dust are assumed to be due to the projection of an emitting sphere onto the sky. Results. The models in both assumptions reproduce the radial profiles of Hβ surface brightness, the observed number of ionising photons, and the strong optical emission-line relative intensities. The first approach produces a constant-density, matter-bounded thin shell of variable thickness and dust-to-gas ratio, while the second gives place to a radiation-bounded, thick shell sphere of decreasing particle density. However, the radial profile of the 8 μm/24 μm IR ratio, depending on the gas and dust geometry, only fits well when the thick-shell model is used. The resulting dust-to-gas mass ratio, which was obtained empirically from the derived dust mass using data from Spitzer, also has a better fit using the thick-shell solution. In both approaches, models support the importance of the low surface-brightness positions on the integrated spectrum of the nebula, the chemical homogeneity, the ionisation-parameter radial decrease, and the robustness of strong-line methods to derive the equivalent effective temperature in extended regions. These results must be taken with care in view of the very low extinction values that are derived from the IR, as compared to that derived from the Balmer decrement. Besides, the IR can be possibly contaminated with the emission from a cloud of diffuse gas and dust above the plane of the galaxy detected at 250 μm Herschel image.
Quench dynamics of isolated many-body quantum systems

We study isolated quantum systems with two-body interactions after a quench. In these systems, the energy shell is a Gaussian of width $\sigma$, and it gives the maximum possible spreading of the energy distribution of the initial states. When the distribution achieves this shape, the fidelity decay can be Gaussian until saturation. This establishes a lower bound for the fidelity decay in realistic systems. An ultimate bound for systems with many-body interactions is also derived based on the analysis of full random matrices. We find excellent agreement between numerical and analytical results. We also provide the conditions under which the short-time dynamics of few-body observables is controlled by $\sigma$. The analyses are developed for systems, initial states, and observables accessible to experiments.
Molecular Characterization of Grass Carp GIPR and Effect of Nutrition States, Insulin, and Glucagon on Its Expression

GIP plays an important regulatory role in glucose and lipid metabolism. As the specific receptor, GIPR is involved in this physiological process. To assess the roles of GIPR in teleost, the GIPR gene was cloned from grass carp. The ORF of cloned GIPR gene was 1560 bp, encoding 519 amino acids. The grass carp GIPR was the G-protein-coupled receptor which contains seven predicted transmembrane domains. In addition, two predicted glycosylation sites were contained in the grass carp GIPR. The grass carp GIPR expression is in multiple tissues and is highly expressed in the kidney, brain regions, and visceral fat tissue. In the OGTT experiment, the GIPR expression is markedly decreased in the kidney, visceral fat, and brain by treatment with glucose for 1 and 3 h. In the fast and refeeding experiment, the GIPR expression in the kidney and visceral fat tissue was significantly induced in the fast groups. In addition, the GIPR expression levels were markedly decreased in the refeeding groups. In the present study, the visceral fat accumulation of grass carp was induced by overfed. The GIPR expression was significantly decreased in the brain, kidney, and visceral fat tissue of overfed grass carp. In primary hepatocytes, the GIPR expression was promoted by treatment with oleic acid and insulin. The GIPR mRNA levels were significantly reduced by treatment with glucose and glucagon in the grass carp primary hepatocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first time the biological role of GIPR is unveiled in teleost.
Does Light Pollution Affect Nighttime Ground-Level Ozone Concentrations?

Ground-level ozone (O3) is mainly produced during daytime in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light and later destroyed by nitrogen oxides during nighttime. However, light pollution caused by the excessive use of artificial lights may disrupt the chemistry of night-time ground-level O3 by providing enough energy to initiate nighttime ground-level O3 production. In this study, nighttime (7 p.m. to 7 a.m.) ground-level O3, nitrogen oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxides (NO2) concentrations were observed for three years (2013, 2014, and 2015). The existence of O3 was found during nighttime, especially in urban areas with a concentration range of 8–20 ppb. The results suggested that nighttime variations of ground-level O3 concentrations were higher in urban areas than in suburban areas. The mean nighttime O3 concentration at urban sites varied, possibly because the distribution of anthropogenic lights around the urban sites is brighter than in suburban locations, as indicated by the data from the light-pollution map. This anthropogenic light has not caused the suspected nighttime photolysis processes, which directly slowed nighttime oxidation. The photochemistry rate of JNO2/k3 was supposed to be near zero because of the absence of photochemical reactions at night. However, the minimum concentration in all urban and suburban sites ranged from 2–3 ppb, indicating that O3 might also form at night, albeit not due to light pollution.
Beyond exception: the Irish border and the limits of cosmopolitan nationalism

ABSTRACT Much debate surrounding Brexit and its implications for the Irish Border has leant on exceptionality, framed within the historical context of the ethnonational dispute between Ireland and the UK, with causality for Brexit fixed in anachronistic and unattainable imperial nationalist understandings of territorial sovereignty emanating from the English core. The Irish border resonates at both historical and metaphorical levels; it was the site of disproportionate levels of fatal political violence and has acted as an ideological battleground in the longer-term proxy war between the Irish and British patron states. Deep concern remains about the potential for Brexit to undo the progress made towards peace on the island. Yet the immediate threat now facing the border is one of unexceptional forces of neoliberalism, in which fears around resurgent ethnic conflict have been subordinated to those of market maintenance and stability. This paper considers the neglected role of, and implications for cosmopolitan nationalism under this new dispensation, identifying the Eurocentric understandings of diversity upon which the openness of borders such as that on the island of Ireland are contingent. For Ireland and Europe more generally, this necessitates a fuller reckoning with the multiple implications of ‘empire’ beyond the immediate British melancholic context.
MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF THE BLACK HOLE TRANSIENT XTE J1752−223 DURING ITS 2010 OUTBURST DECAY

Galactic black hole transients show many interesting phenomena during outburst decays. We present simultaneous X-ray (RXTE, Swift, and INTEGRAL), and optical/near-infrared (O/NIR) observations (SMARTS) of the X-ray transient XTE J1752−223 during its outburst decay in 2010. The multiwavelength observations over 150 days in 2010 cover the transition from soft to hard spectral state. We discuss the evolution of radio emission with respect to the O/NIR light curve which shows several flares. One of those flares is bright and long, starting about 60 days after the transition in X-ray timing properties. During this flare, the radio spectral index becomes harder. Other smaller flares occur along with the X-ray timing transition, and also right after the detection of the radio core. We discuss the significances of these flares. Furthermore, using the simultaneous broadband X-ray spectra including INTEGRAL, we find that a high energy cut-off with a folding energy near 250 keV is necessary around the time that the compact jet is forming. The broadband spectrum can be fitted equally well with a Comptonization model. In addition, using photoelectric absorption edges in the XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer X-ray spectra and the extinction of red clump giants in the direction of the source, we find a lower limit on the distance of >5 kpc.
METALLICITY GRADIENT OF A LENSED FACE-ON SPIRAL GALAXY AT REDSHIFT 1.49

We present the first metallicity gradient measurement for a grand-design face-on spiral galaxy at z ∼ 1.5. This galaxy has been magnified by a factor of 22× by a massive, X-ray luminous galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5+2223 at z = 0.544. Using the Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics aided integral field spectrograph OSIRIS on KECK II, we target the Hα emission and achieve a spatial resolution of 0. ″1, corresponding to a source-plane resolution of 170 pc. The galaxy has well-developed spiral arms and the nebular emission line dynamics clearly indicate a rotationally supported disk with Vrot/σ ∼ 4. The best-fit disk velocity field model yields a maximum rotation of Vrotsin i = 150 ± 15 km s−1, and a dynamical mass of Mdyn = (1.3 ± 0.2) × 1010 cosec2(i) M☉ (within 2.5 kpc), where the inclination angle i = 45° ± 10°. Based on the [N ii] and Hα ratios, we measured the radial chemical abundance gradient from the inner hundreds of parsecs out to ∼5 kpc. The slope of the gradient is −0.16 ± 0.02 dex kpc−1, significantly steeper than the gradient of late-type or early-type galaxies in the local universe. If representative of disk galaxies at z ∼ 1.5, our results support an “inside-out” disk formation scenario in which early infall/collapse in the galaxy center builds a chemically enriched nucleus, followed by slow enrichment of the disk over the next 9 Gyr.