Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Knowledge Gap: The Influence of Strong Ties, Network Cohesion, and Network Range on the Transfer of Knowledge Between Organizational Units

Prior research has emphasized the importance of boundary spanners in facilitating the transfer of knowledge between organizational units. The successful transfer of knowledge between organizational units is critical for a number of organizational processes and performance outcomes. The empirical evidence on the success of boundary spanners is mixed, however. Research findings indicate boundary spanners can either facilitate or inhibit the flow of knowledge between organizational units. We develop and test a theoretical argument emphasizing the importance of the broader network context in which boundary spanning occurs. In particular, we consider how tie strength, network cohesion, and network range affect the level of knowledge acquired in cross-unit knowledge transfer relationships. An analysis of knowledge transfer relationships among several hundred scientists indicates that each network feature had a positive effect on the level of knowledge acquired in cross-unit knowledge transfer relationships. Our findings illustrate how network features contribute to the flow of knowledge between organizational units and, therefore, how network context contributes to heterogeneity in boundary-spanning outcomes.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children: Experience and Constraints in a Resource-limited Setting

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), though well described in the Caucasian population, is rarely encountered in the black African children. The aim of this study was to increase the awareness of this emerging condition in African children and highlight the constraints of management in a resource-limited setting like Nigeria. Methods: This study included an audit of children with IBD who were seen between January 2015 and February 2020 at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). The clinical records of children aged one to 16 years who presented with recurrent abdominal pain, weight loss, and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding with clinical suspicion of IBD were reviewed. Clinical features, endoscopic findings, histopathologic findings, and treatment were documented. Results: Eight children with IBD were seen during the study period. The median age was 12.0 years (range: five to 15 years). The most common reported concerns in the children were chronic abdominal pain [seen in four patients (50%)] and bloody diarrhea [seen in three patients (42.30%)]. Weight loss and arthritis were seen in three (37.5%) and one (12.5%) children, respectively. Endoscopy confirmed two cases of Crohn’s disease (CD), three cases of ulcerative colitis (UC), and three cases of indeterminate colitis (IC). The children with CD were treated with steroids and exclusive enteral nutrition, with one patient receiving methotrexate, while the UC and IC patients received 5-aminosalicylate therapy. Conclusion: Although IBD is uncommon in Nigeria, a high index of suspicion is vital to enable early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Management in the African setting is severely constrained by limited access to endoscopy facilities and nonavailability of other effective treatment options such as biologic agents.
Observation and simulation of wave breaking in the southern hemispheric stratosphere during VORCORE

Abstract. An interesting occurrence of a Rossby wave breaking event observed during the VORCORE experiment is presented and explained. Twenty-seven balloons were launched inside the Antarctic polar vortex. Almost all of these balloons evolved in the stratosphere around 500K within the vortex, except the one launched on 28 October 2005. In this case, the balloon was caught within a tongue of high potential vorticity (PV), and was ejected from the polar vortex. The evolution of this event is studied for the period between 19 and 25 November 2005. It is found that at the beginning of this period, the polar vortex experienced distortions due to the presence of Rossby waves. Then, these waves break and a tongue of high PV develops. On 25 November, the tongue became separated from the vortex and the balloon was ejected into the surf zone. Lagrangian simulations demonstrate that the air masses surrounding the balloon after its ejection were originating from the vortex edge. The wave breaking and the development of the tongue are confined within a region where a planetary Quasi-Stationary Wave 1 (QSW1) induces wind speeds with weaker values. The QSW1 causes asymmetry in the wind speed and the horizontal PV gradient along the edge of the polar vortex, resulting in a localized jet. Rossby waves with smaller scales propagating on top of this jet amplify as they enter the jet exit region and then break. The role of the QSW1 on the formation of the weak flow conditions that caused the non-linear wave breaking observed near the vortex edge is confirmed by three-dimensional numerical simulations using forcing with and without the contribution of the QSW1.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PRACTICES IN GAÚCHA COOPERATIVES

Purpose: To analyze the relationship between Corporate Governance (GC) mechanisms and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices in cooperatives in Rio Grande do Sul. Theoretical framework: Grounded in stakeholder theory, social responsibility and corporate governance. Method/design/approach: The study is classified as descriptive, field and quantitative research. The sample consisted of 35 cooperatives from the state, from different areas of activity, who responded to the survey, containing questions about the 4 dimensions of CSR, proposed by Carroll's pyramid model (1991) and questions about the mechanisms of KM. For data analysis, Pearson's correlation was used. Results and conclusion: The results show that the KM mechanisms are positively associated with CSR practices in the studied cooperatives, regardless of their field of activity, indicating that the intensity of the CSR practices presented by the model of Carroll (1991), are shown to be more consistent as the intensity of application of the studied GC mechanisms increases. It is concluded that among the ten (10) hypotheses tested, the investigation indicates rejection of one of them, which was the association between the Board of Directors (CA) and the CSR, which despite having found a positive association, it was not significant. Research implications: The findings confirm the theoretical assumptions brought
The Macroeconomic Effects of Large-Scale Asset Purchase Programs ∗

The effects of asset purchase programs on macroeconomic variables are likely to be moderate at best. We reach this conclusion after simulating the impact of the US Federal Reserve second Large-Scale Asset Purchase program (LSAP II) in a DSGE model enriched with a preferred habitat framework and estimated on U.S. data. Our analysis suggests that such a program increases GDP growth by less than half of a percentage point relative to the absence of intervention. The marginal contribution of the asset purchase program to inflation is very small. One key reason behind our findings is that we estimate a small degree of financial market segmentation. Additionally, if we enrich the set of observables with a measure of long term debt, we find a substantially smaller semi-elasticity of the risk premium to the amount of debt in the hands of the private sector than the recent empirical literature. In this case, our baseline estimates of the effects of LSAP II on the macroeconomy decrease by at least a factor of two. A commitment to an extended period at the zero lower bound for nominal interest rates increases the effects of asset purchase programs on GDP growth and inflation. ∗The authors thank Hal Cole, Frank Diebold, Frank Schorfheide, Michael Woodford, and the participants of seminars at the Unniversity of Pennsylvania, Federal Reserve Bank of New York and European Economic Association 2011 Meetings in Oslo. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York or the Federal Reserve System. The Macroeconomic Effects of LSAP Programs
The Effects of Interruptions, Task Complexity, and Information Presentation on Computer-Supported Decision-Making Performance

Interruptions are a frequent occurrence in the work life of most decision makers. This paper investigated the influence of interruptions on different types of decision-making tasks and the ability of information presentation formats, an aspect of information systems design, to alleviate them. Results from the experimental study indicate that interruptions facilitate performance on simple tasks, while inhibiting performance on more complex tasks. Interruptions also influenced the relationship between information presentation format and the type of task performed: spatial presentation formats were able to mitigate the effects of interruptions while symbolic formats were not. The paper presents a broad conceptualization of interruptions and interprets the ramifications of the experimental findings within this conceptualization to develop a program for future research.
Grade Level: Tracking Online Education in the United States.

Permission is hereby granted for all non-commercial use of this report provided that notification is given to bsrg@babson.edu and proper attribution is included. Commercial use is typically granted – inquire at bsrg@babson.edu. 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Grade Level-Tracking Online Education in the United States is the twelfth annual report documenting online education in the United States. The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation originally supported the series. The Foundation saw the need for these reports and continued that commitment for eight years, supporting an independent study, offering full privacy for all respondents, and providing free distribution of all report publications. Their vision made these reports possible. We also thank our current partners, the Online Learning Consortium, Tyton Partners, and Pearson, for supporting our research and committing to the same degree of independence and autonomy. • The Online Learning Consortium (formerly the Sloan Consortium) has been a valuable partner since the beginning. They have provided guidance, advice, and act as the distribution point for the reports. • Pearson stepped in when the Sloan Foundation program ended. In addition to supporting the same " hands off " approach as the Foundation and providing production support, they have provided critical guidance on emerging trends in higher education. • A number of joint Tyton Partners and Babson Survey Research Group higher education research projects have have positively impacted the design of this report. We also want to thank the College Board, who in 2006 agreed to include our online enrollment questions in their Annual Survey of Colleges. We are especially pleased that Phil Hill and Russ Poulin have contributed their analysis of the transition issues of moving to IPEDS data. Their clear and insightful description will be of value for all who track distance education. This report was edited and reviewed by Nate Ralph and we thank him for his suggestions, corrections, and careful attention to detail. The very talented Mark Favazza has provided cover designs for all the reports in this series. Finally, we need to thank those who are most important to this effort: the thousands of higher education decision makers who have provided us with such detailed and thoughtful responses. These reports would not be possible without you, and we hope you find them useful. 2 PARTNERS Pearson Pearson has brought a wide array of experience in higher education to this project and will be producing an infographic highlighting the results. Pearson is the world's …
Still on the same page: A gender comparison of the top 100 picture books from the UK and China published 2011–2020

As a primary source for the early ages, picture books guide preschool children's gender perception through stories and illustrations. However, previous studies have criticised an overall gender inequality in children's picture books. Compared to the increasing attention on gender diversity in the UK picture book industry, there has been little concern shown about gender diversity in the Chinese picture book market (which has only developed in the 21st Century). This article compares gender representation and gender stereotypes within 200 UK and Chinese bestselling picture books published between 2011 and 2020. It examines a range of aspects including authors' gender, and gendered aspects of book texts and illustrations via content analysis and text mining. Results show (1) there is male dominance in bestselling Chinese authorship, while titles from female authors are more prevalent in the UK list; (2) there is a predominance of male central characters in both bestselling UK and Chinese titles; (3) the narratives in bestselling picture books, especially in Chinese book texts, promote gender essentialism and gender biases in picture books from both markets; (4) that UK titles in translation, as well as other foreign titles, become an essential means of promoting gender equality in the mainstream Chinese picture book market. This study stresses that gender inequality is an international issue and aims to remind all parties in two different picture book industries to work on gender equality in future publishing practice, while showing that translation studies allow us to see how different markets intersect.
Evaluation environnementale des systèmes agricoles urbains en Afrique de l'Ouest : Implications de la diversité des pratiques et de la variabilité des émissions d'azote dans l'Analyse du Cycle de Vie de la tomate au Bénin

L’agriculture urbaine represente une opportunite de reduire la pauvrete et d’ameliorer la securite alimentaire des habitants des villes d’Afrique de l’Ouest. L’objectif general de cette these est de produire des donnees d’inventaire representatives ainsi qu’une evaluation environnementale robuste de ces systemes de production par la methodologie Analyse du Cycle de Vie (ACV). Notre cas d’etude a ete la tomate des jardins urbains au Benin. Notre etat de l’art nous a permis d’identifier que prendre en compte la diversite des systemes de production et la variabilite des emissions au champ etaient deux enjeux majeurs de l’ACV des produits maraichers. Nous avons donc developpe un protocole de collecte de donnees base sur la typologie qui prend en compte la diversite des systemes puis mis au point une methode d’estimation des flux d’azote au champ combinant un bilan d’azote et l’usage d’un modele biophysique. Nous avons ainsi cree des inventaires pour 6 types de systemes et une moyenne ponderee representative de la population etudiee. L’analyse des performances agronomiques de ces systemes a montre une forte variabilite des rendements et une utilisation fluctuante et souvent excessive d’engrais et de pesticides. L’exploration de la variabilite des flux d’azote a l’echelle de la parcelle et du cycle de culture a permis l’identification de 4 facteurs majeurs: les volumes d’eau d’irrigation, la dose d’azote, le pH du sol et la capacite au champ. A l’aide de scenarios favorables et defavorables aux emissions pour chacun de ces 4 facteurs, nous avons montre que leurs effets sur les resultats d’ACV etaient importants. L’integration de ces donnees dans une ACV finalisee a montre qu’un hectare de production de tomate au Benin etait plus impactant que les productions maraicheres Europeennes. Les avantages du climat favorable du sud Benin a la production de tomate en contre saison sont annules par les faibles performances des systemes d’irrigation, l’usage frequent d’insecticides et d’importantes emissions azotees. Des donnees mesurees et des connaissances nouvelles sont necessaires sur ces systemes pour valider et affiner nos conclusions.
Deep metric learning for few-shot X-ray image classification

Deep learning models have proven the potential to aid professionals with medical image analysis, including many image classification tasks. However, the scarcity of data in medical imaging poses a significant challenge, as the limited availability of diverse and comprehensive datasets hinders the development and evaluation of accurate and robust imaging algorithms and models. Few-shot learning approaches have emerged as a potential solution to address this issue. In this research, we propose to deploy the Generalized Metric Learning Model for Few-Shot X-ray Image Classification. The model comprises a feature extractor to embed images into a lower-dimensional space and a distance-based classifier for label assignment based on the relative distance of these embeddings. We extensively evaluate the model using various pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and vision transformers (ViTs) as feature extractors. We also assess the performance of the commonly used distance-based classifiers in several few-shot settings. Finally, we analyze the potential to adapt the feature encoders to the medical domain with both supervised and self-supervised frameworks. Our model achieves 0.689 AUROC in 2-way 5-shot COVID-19 recognition task when combined with REMEDIS (Robust and Efficient Medical Imaging with Self-supervision) domain-adapted model as feature extractor, and 0.802 AUROC in 2-way 5-shot tuberculosis recognition task with domain-adapted DenseNet-121 model. Moreover, the simplicity and flexibility of our approach allows for easy improvement in the feature, either by incorporating other few-shot methods or new, powerful architectures into the pipeline.
Prevalence of Comorbidities among United States Adults with asthma and Their Association with Asthma Severity.

Introduction: The burden of comorbidities in asthma patients significantly affects management strategies and outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and trends of comorbidities among adults and to investigate their association with persistent asthma. Methods: The study employed data from the Asthma Call-Back Survey (ACBS) to ascertain the prevalence and trends of comorbidities in adults with asthma. Comorbidities were self-reported binary responses. Asthma severity was categorized as intermittent or persistent based on established methodologies to derive asthma severity in the ACBS. Intermittent asthma includes those with current asthma who are well-controlled without being on long-term control medication (LTCM). Persistent asthma includes those on LTCM, regardless of asthma control status, and those not on LTCM whose asthma is not well controlled or is very poorly controlled. Weighted logistic regression controlling for confounders was used to determine the association of comorbidities and asthma severity. Results: Prevalence of comorbidities in adults with asthma were as follows: hypertension (38.4%), major depressive disorder (35.2%), diabetes (17.2%), MI (5.3%), Angina/CHD (6.0%), Stroke (5.0%), and Emphysema/Chronic bronchitis/COPD (19.0%). Prevalence of all comorbidities were higher among adults with persistent asthma compared to intermittent asthma. MI, Angina/CHD, obesity, depression, COPD/emphysema/chronic bronchitis, and hypertension were associated with increased odds of persistent asthma. No association was found between diabetes, stroke, and persistent asthma. Conclusion: Comorbidities are associated with persistent asthma. These findings suggest a need for comprehensive healthcare strategies that address these intertwined health conditions.
Polygenic scores of subcortical brain volumes as possible modulators of treatment response in depression

A significant proportion of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) do not experience remission after one or more pharmacological treatments. Research has explored brain structural measures, particularly the hippocampus, as potential predictors of treatment response in MDD, as well as genetic factors. This study investigated the association of polygenic scores (PGSs) for seven subcortical brain volumes (including the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and caudate nucleus) with treatment non-response and non-remission in MDD. Patients with MDD were recruited in the context of five clinical studies, including a total of 3,637 individuals. PGSs were estimated using a Bayesian framework and continuous shrinkage priors (PRS-CS-auto) after standard genotype quality control and imputation. Logistic regressions were performed between PGSs and non-response or non-remission in each sample, adjusting for age, sex, baseline symptom severity, recruitment sites, and population stratification. Results were meta-analysed across samples, using a random-effect model. Caudate volume PGS was nominally associated with non-remission (OR=1.09, 95% CI=1.01-1.19, p=0.036). Leave-one-out sensitivity analyses suggested a possible association with the amygdala and thalamus PGSs. However, no association was significant after multiple testing correction. These results, although preliminary, suggest a possible link between caudate volume PGS and lack of symptom remission. Methodological improvements in PGSs estimation and statistical power may enhance their predictive performance and provide a contribution to precision psychiatry.
association of different glucose traits with kidney function decline risk in a Chinese community-based population without chronic kidney disease

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major issue worldwide and hyperglycemia is known as an important risk factor responsible for CKD progression. Few studies have investigated whether fasting plasma glucose (FPG) could predict kidney function decline (KFD) risk better than postprandial plasma glucose, and vice versa. In this study, we investigated the roles of FPG and 2-hour plasma glucose (2 h-PG) in predicting KFD risk in a Chinese community-based population without baseline deterioration of kidney functions. Methods: Subjects with normal kidney function from an atherosclerosis cohort in Beijing, China were followed up for 2.3 years. The outcome was KFD (a drop in glomerular filtration rate category accompanied by 25% or greater decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate from the baseline or a sustained decline of more than 5 mL/min/1.73 m 2 /year rate). Results: A total of 3,738 subjects were included of which, 7.7% of the subjects suffered from KFD. After covariates adjustments, both FPG (OR = 1.23, P , 0.001) and 2 h-PG (OR = 1.07, P , 0.001) were associated with KFD. Furthermore, FPG was independent of 2 h-PG to predict KFD (OR = 1.26, P , 0.001). Subgroup analyses and interaction tests including diabetes mellitus, after adjusting all covariates, revealed no significant heterogeneity among analyzed subgroups. We also found subjects with FPG level of 6.1–7.0 mmol/L and . 7.0 mmol/L had 1.83 times and 2.51 times KFD risk respectively, compared to subjects with FPG level , 5.6 mmol/L. Conclusion: FPG was superior to 2 h-PG in predicting KFD in a Chinese community-based population without CKD. FPG screening may be an important measure for CKD primary prevention even in subjects with impaired fasting glucose.
Colonisation with pathogenic drug-resistant bacteria and Clostridioides difficile among residents of residential care facilities in Cape Town, South Africa

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