Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Defining the nuanced nature of redox biology in post-traumatic stress disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder that arises after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. Despite affecting around 7% of the population, there are currently no definitive biological signatures or biomarkers used in the diagnosis of PTSD. Thus, the search for clinically relevant and reproducible biomarkers has been a major focus of the field. With significant advances of large-scale multi-omic studies that include genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data, promising findings have been made, but the field still has fallen short. Amongst the possible biomarkers examined, one area is often overlooked, understudied, or inappropriately investigated: the field of redox biology. Redox molecules are free radical and/or reactive species that are generated as a consequence of the necessity of electron movement for life. These reactive molecules, too, are essential for life, but in excess are denoted as “oxidative stress” and often associated with many diseases. The few studies that have examined redox biology parameters have often utilized outdated and nonspecific methods, as well as have reported confounding results, which has made it difficult to conclude the role for redox in PTSD. Herein, we provide a foundation of how redox biology may underlie diseases like PTSD, critically examine redox studies of PTSD, and provide future directions the field can implement to enhance standardization, reproducibility, and accuracy of redox assessments for the use of diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of this debilitating mental health disorder.
Reproductive Markers in Alzheimer’s Disease Progression: The Framingham Heart Study

Background Reproductive status, such as the age of menarche or menopause, may be linked to cognitive abilities and risk for incident Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but the evidence is conflicting. It is also not fully known if these factors interact with cortical beta-amyloid deposition. Objectives To study the relationship between reproductive risks, sex hormone markers and risk for decline in specific cognitive domains in women. Design, Setting and Participants We analyzed the association of reproductive markers (age at menarche, number of births, age at menopause, sex hormone-binding globulin, estradiol, estrone, total testosterone, free testosterone) with incident AD and annualized cognitive decline in the community-based longitudinal Framingham Heart Study (FHS) Offspring women 60 years and older (n=772, mean age 68 years, mean follow-up 10.7 ± 3 years). We used the Cox proportional hazards regression model and linear regression model, adjusting for covariates. Outcome Measures Incident AD dementia as well as the annualized change in memory, language, attention and executive functions. Results Older age at menopause was associated with a lower risk of incident AD dementia (p = 0.047, 6% lower risk per older year) after adjusting for baseline age, education, hormone therapy status, and MMSE score. Older age at menopause was significantly associated with a slower annualized decline in memory (beta = 0.085, p = 0.00059). The lower level of plasma Aβ42 was also associated with a higher risk of incident AD (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95, 0.99; p = 0.0039) but there was no significant interaction effect with age at menarche, age at menopause or plasma sex hormone levels. Conclusion Younger age at menopause is a risk factor for late-life memory decline and incident AD. This risk appears to be independent of Aβ42 pathology. Further studies to understand the biological and social mechanisms underlying the differential effects of reproductive risks are warranted.
Contactless Microwave Tomography via MIMO GPR

This letter presents an imaging approach for multiple input–multiple output ground penetrating radar (MIMO GPR) systems working in down-looking contactless mode. The approach exploits a linear approximation of the scattering phenomenon and is based on a ray-based propagation model, which takes into account the presence of the air–soil interface. Accordingly, the interface reflection point (IRP) concept is extended to the case of MIMO GPR. The proposed approach performs the imaging in the 2-D scalar case and applies the truncated singular value decomposition regularization scheme to perform the inversion. The effectiveness of the approach is assessed by processing synthetic and real data. The real data are referred to the lunar soil and have been collected by means of the Lunar Regolith Penetrating Radar (LRPR), installed on the Chang’E-5 (CE-5) lander.
Reversible and irreversible magnetization in hybrid magnets

Magnetization reversal was studied in hybrid magnets consisting of ferrite and ribbons of the Magnequench alloy MQP-Q (Nd2Fe14B+α-Fe). Recent studies of demagnetization processes in permanent magnets have used two different methods for determining the reversible magnetization, often arriving at conflicting results. The reversible Mrev and irreversible Mirr magnetizations were determined here by the two different procedures: (i) In the dc demagnetization method, the demagnetization remanence is measured for reverse magnetic fields after saturation in the forward direction. Assuming the change in magnetization along the recoil curve is reversible, the remanent magnetization is identified with the irreversible magnetization Mirr. (ii) Alternatively, the intrinsic reversible susceptibility χrevi was measured by defining it as the mean slope of a small minor loop performed after determining the time dependence of M. The reversible susceptibility was then integrated to obtain Mrev. Although the two procedures f.
High-Frequency Planetary Waves in the Polar Middle Atmosphere as Seen in a Data Assimilation System

The 4-day wave often dominates the large-scale wind, temperature, and constituent variability in the highlatitude Southern Hemisphere winter near the stratopause. This study examines the winter Southern Hemisphere vortex of 1998 using 4-times-daily output from a data assimilation system to focus on the polar 2-day, wavenumber-2 component of the 4-day wave. The data assimilation system products are from a test version of the finite volume data assimilation system (fvDAS) being developed at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and include an ozone assimilation system. Results show that the polar 2-day wave in temperature and ozone dominates over other planetary-scale disturbances during July 1998 at 708S. The period of the quasi-2-day wave is somewhat shorter than 2 days (about 1.7 days) during July 1998 with an average perturbation temperature amplitude for the month of over 2.5 K. The 2-day wave propagates more slowly than the zonal mean zonal wind, consistent with Rossby wave theory, and has Eliassen‐Palm (EP) flux divergence regions associated with regions of negative horizontal potential vorticity gradients, as expected from linear instability theory. Results for the assimilation-produced ozone mixing ratio show that the 2-day wave represents a major source of ozone variation in this region. The ozone wave in the assimilation system is in good agreement with the wave seen in the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) ozone observations for the same time period. Some differences from linear instability theory are noted, as well as spectral peaks in the ozone field, not seen in the temperature field, that may be a consequence of advection.
Sex-related differences in the efficacy of Baclofen enantiomers on self-administered alcohol in a binge drinking pattern and dopamine release in the core of the nucleus accumbens

Introduction: Clinical studies on the effectiveness of Baclofen in alcohol use disorder (AUD) yielded mixed results possibly because of differential effects of the enantiomers and sex-related differences. Here we examined the effect of the different Baclofen enantiomers on alcohol intake and on evoked dopamine release in the core of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in male and female Long Evans rats. Methods: Rats were trained to chronically self-administer 20% alcohol solution in daily binge drinking sessions and were treated with the different forms of Baclofen [RS(±), R(+) and S(−)]. The effects on the evoked dopamine release within the core of the nucleus accumbens were measured in brain slices from the same animals and the alcohol naïve animals using the fast scan cyclic voltammetry technique. Results: RS(±)-Baclofen reduced alcohol intake regardless of sex but more females were non-responders to the treatment. R(+)-Baclofen also reduced alcohol intake regardless of sex but females were less sensitive than males. S(−)-Baclofen did not have any effect on average but in some individuals, especially in the females, it did increase alcohol intake by at least 100%. There were no sex differences in Baclofen pharmacokinetic but a strong negative correlation was found in females with a paradoxical effect of increased alcohol intake with higher blood Baclofen concentration. Chronic alcohol intake reduced the sensitivity to the effect of Baclofen on evoked dopamine release and S(−)-Baclofen increased dopamine release specifically in females. Discussion: Our results demonstrate a sex-dependent effect of the different forms of Baclofen with no or negative effects (meaning an increase in alcohol self-administration) in subgroup of females that could be linked to a differential effect on dopamine release and should warrant future clinical studies on alcohol use disorder pharmacotherapy that will deeply analyze sex difference.
On the factor systems of the Shubnikov space groups

The procedure of Backhouse for the determination of a complete set of inequivalent factor systems of the symmorphic Shubnikov space groups of type I is generalized for all Shubnikov space groups of types I and 111. The results are used to obtain a method for the construction of a set of inequivalent factor systems of the Shubnikov space groups of types I1 and IV.
Relationship between calcium dynamics and inflammatory status in the transition period of dairy cows

Graphical Abstract Summary: Proposed mechanisms linking (1) systemic inflammation during endotoxemia (i.e., presence of lipopolysaccharide in the bloodstream) to hypocalcemia, and (2) systemic inflammation during a sterile inflammatory response to hypocalcemia. Of note, hypocalcemia in the context of this review is defined as a state of significantly reduced blood Ca concentration when Ca concentrations are compared with healthy cows within the same age and stage of lactation (i.e., subclinical hypocalcemia). The reduction of the Ca set-point is defined as the extracellular Ca concentration at which secretion of parathyroid hormone is half-maximal. CaSR = Ca sensing receptor; 25(OH)D3 = 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; 1,25(OH)2D = 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; ROS = reactive oxygen species. Figure created with BioRender.com.
Features and Mechanical Parameters of a Fabric's Compressional Property

The compressional and recovering curves of a fabric are considered to consist of three steps, respectively. The first and third steps of the compressional curve and the first step of the recovering curve are approximated by the linear equation (y = a + bx). The second steps of the compressional and recovering curves arc both regressed by the exponential curves y = a exp (bx) + c. The third step of the recovering curve is the region at which instantaneous recovery is impossible. The calculated compressional and recovering curves agreed very well with the experimental curves. The regression constant −b1, at the first step of the compressional curve, is related to the bending of fibres on the fabric surface and is also related to the yarn structure such as spun or filament. The regression constant −b2, at the second step of the compressional curve, is concerned with hardness in compression because of the friction between fibres. The regression constant −b3, at the third step of the compressional curve, is re.
Sexual cultures in university: an arts-based intervention

ABSTRACT Universities are increasingly recognized as spaces and cultures where gendered and sexualized harassment is endemic. This article pays close attention to the manifestations of sexualized behaviours in a campus university in the UK, examining some of the ways in which formations of masculinity are encouraged and reproduced through university structures, processes and aesthetics. The discussion draws on data generated by a creative project utilizing film-based materials as a prompt for collaborative reflections. Bringing together staff and students from across the university in a creative space enabled diverse experiences to be shared and produced rich and detailed insights across disciplinary and generational differences. The paper argues that such creative interventions are a vital form of feminist pedagogy offering a powerful resource for future work in this increasingly urgent field of study.
A CLASS OF IMPROVED ESTIMATORS FOR THE SCALE PARAMETER OF AN EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION WITH UNKNOWN LOCATION

ABSTRACT Under quadratic loss, a class of improved estimators for the scale parameter of an exponential distribution with unknown location is constructed. The method is analogous to Maruyama's (Minimax Estimators of a Normal Variance. Metrika 1998, 48, 209–214) construction for the variance of a normal distribution.
The temporal trend of women’s cancer in Changle, China and a migrant epidemiological study

Background Although the etiology of women’s cancer has been extensively studied in the last few decades, there is still little evidence comparing the temporal pattern of these cancers among different populations. Methods Cancer incidence and mortality data from 1988 to 2015 were extracted from the Changle Cancer Register in China, and cancer incidence data for Los Angeles were extracted from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents plus database. A Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the temporal trends of incidence and mortality for breast, cervical, corpus uteri and ovarian cancers. The standardized incidence ratios were applied to compare the cancer risk across populations. Results An increasing trend of incidence rate for breast, cervical, corpus uteri and ovarian cancer was observed in Changle, although the rate leveled off for breast and cervical cancer after 2010, although not statistically significant. The mortality rate of breast and ovarian cancer was slightly increased during this period, while we found a decreased mortality of cervical cancer from 2010. The mortality of corpus uteri cancer showed a decreasing and then increasing trend. The incidence of breast, corpus uteri and ovarian cancer in Chinese American immigrants in Los Angeles was significantly higher than indigenous Changle Chinese and lower than Los Angeles whites. However, the incidence of cervical cancer in Chinese American immigrants shifted from significantly exceeding to lower than Changle Chinese. Conclusion The incidence and mortality of women’s cancers in Changle were generally on the rise, and this study concluded that environmental changes were important factors affecting the occurrence of these cancers. Appropriate preventive measures should be taken to control the occurrence of women’s cancers by addressing different influencing factors.
Stress relaxation in mismatched layers due to threading dislocation inclination

A recently observed mechanism of elastic stress relaxation in mismatched layers is discussed. The relaxation is achieved by the inclination of pure edge threading dislocation lines with respect to the layer surface normal. The relaxation is not assisted by dislocation glide but rather is caused by the “effective climb” of edge dislocations. The effective dislocation climb may result from the film growth and it is not necessarily related to bulk diffusion processes. The contribution of the dislocation inclination to strain relaxation has been formulated and the energy release due to the dislocation inclination in mismatched stressed layers has been determined. This mechanism explains recently observed relaxation of compressive stresses in the (0001) growth of AlxGa1−xN layers.
Cardio-Respiratory and Muscle Oxygenation Responses to Submaximal and Maximal Exercise in Normobaric Hypoxia: Comparison between Children and Adults

Simple Summary Exposure to altitude (hypoxia) is known to importantly challenge human physiology—particularly during physical exercise. While the effects of hypoxia on exercise performance have been extensively investigated in the last century, the effect of maturation remains poorly explored. In the present work, we aimed to compare the various physiological (cardiorespiratory and muscle oxygenation) responses to moderate- and high-intensity exercise in hypoxic condition in children as compared to adults to directly delineate the effects of aging. For this purpose, healthy prepubertal children and healthy adults underwent exercise testing in the laboratory under normal (normoxic) and simulated altitude (hypoxic) conditions with several physiological measures conducted continuously throughout both testing sessions. The comparison of the outcomes showed that hypoxia provoked similar exercise-related responses in most, but not all physiological responses in children and adults. From a practical point, these data suggest the comparable effects of hypoxia in children and adults with the observed differences warranting further investigation. Abstract As differential physiological responses to hypoxic exercise between adults and children remain poorly understood, we aimed to comprehensively characterise cardiorespiratory and muscle oxygenation responses to submaximal and maximal exercise in normobaric hypoxia between the two groups. Following familiarisation, fifteen children (Age = 9 ± 1 years) and fifteen adults (Age = 22 ± 2 years) completed two graded cycling exercise sessions to exhaustion in a randomized and single-blind manner in normoxia (NOR; FiO2 = 20.9) and normobaric hypoxia (HYP; FiO2 = 13.0) exercises conditions. Age-specific workload increments were 25 W·3 min−1 for children and 40 W·3 min−1 for adults. Gas exchange and vastus lateralis oxygenation parameters were measured continuously via metabolic cart and near-infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Hypoxia provoked significant decreases in maximal power output PMAX (children = 29%; adults 16% (F = 39.3; p < 0.01)) and power output at the gas exchange threshold (children = 10%; adults:18% (F = 8.08; p = 0.01)) in both groups. Comparable changes were noted in most respiratory and gas exchange parameters at similar power outputs between groups. Children, however, demonstrated, lower PETCO2 throughout the test at similar power outputs and during the maintenance of V˙CO2 at the maximal power output. These data indicate that, while most cardiorespiratory responses to acute hypoxic exercise are comparable between children and adults, there exist age-related differential responses in select respiratory and muscle oxygenation parameters.
The Australian public worries more about losing species than the costs of keeping them

Summary Government conservation measures will always depend on public support. While more has been learnt about which species the public values and which conservation measures are socially acceptable, less is known about the criteria that the public thinks government should consider when making conservation investment decisions. This study uses a stated preference best–worst scaling method to gauge the views of a sample of the Australian public on what they think government should consider when allocating funding to threatened species conservation. We found that the three most important factors were the risk that a species might become extinct, the likelihood that a conservation intervention might be effective and the risk of unintended consequences for other species that could potentially arise if the measure was implemented. Costs of conservation measures and the degree to which the society accepts these costs were considered much less important. The latter aspect was consistent with the high level of trust that respondents placed in the judgement of experts and scientists concerning threatened species conservation. We conclude that the Australian Government has a societal mandate to spend more money on threatened species conservation, provided that there is little risk and that it is backed up by science.
Upregulation of C-X-C motif chemokine 12 in the spinal cord alleviated the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats

Background C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) is a chemokine that performs many functions. Studies have shown that CXCL12 can aggravate inflammatory symptoms in the central nervous system (CNS). Evidence also indicates that CXCL12 can promote the repair of myelin sheaths in the CNS in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here, we investigated the function of CXCL12 in CNS inflammation by upregulating CXCL12 in the spinal cord and subsequently inducing EAE. Materials and methods CXCL12 upregulation in the spinal cords of Lewis rats was induced by the injection of adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)/eGFP-P2A-CXCL12 after intrathecal catheter implantation. Twenty-one days after AAV injection, EAE was induced and clinical score was collected; Immunofluorescence staining, WB and LFB-PAS staining were used to evaluate the effect of CXCL12 upregulation. In the in vitro study, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) were harvested, cultured with CXCL12 and AMD3100, and subjected to immunofluorescence staining for functional assessment. Results CXCL12 was upregulated in the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord by AAV injection. In each stage of EAE, upregulation of CXCL12 significantly alleviated clinical scores by inhibiting leukocyte infiltration and promoting remyelination. In contrast, the addition of AMD3100, which is a CXCR4 antagonist, inhibited the effect of CXCL12. In vitro, 10 ng/ml CXCL12 promoted the differentiation of OPCs into oligodendrocytes. Conclusion AAV-mediated upregulation of CXCL12 in the CNS can alleviate the clinical signs and symptoms of EAE and significantly decrease the infiltration of leukocytes in the peak stage of EAE. CXCL12 can promote the maturation and differentiation of OPCs into oligodendrocytes in vitro. These data indicate that CXCL12 effectively promotes remyelination in the spinal cord and decreases the signs and symptoms of EAE.
COORDINATE SYSTEMS AND BOUNDED ISOMORPHISMS

For a Banach D-bimodule M over an abelian unital C -algebraD, we define E 1 (M) as the collection of norm-one eigenvectors for the dual action of D on the Banach space dual M # . Equip E 1 (M) with the weak*-topology. We develop general properties of E 1 (M). It is properly viewed as a coordinate system for M when M C, where C is a unital C -algebra containing D as a regular MASA with the extension property; moreover, E 1 (C) coincides with Kumjian's twist in the context of C -diagonals. We identify the C -envelope of a subalgebra A of a C -diagonal when D A C. For triangular subal- gebras, each containing the MASA, a bounded isomorphism induces an al- gebraic isomorphism of the coordinate systems which can be shown to be continuous in certain cases. For subalgebras, each containing the MASA, a bounded isomorphism that maps one MASA to the other MASA induces an isomorphism of the coordinate systems. We show that the weak operator clo- sure of the image of a triangular algebra in an appropriate representation is a CSL algebra and that a bounded isomorphism of triangular algebras extends to an isomorphism of these CSL algebras. We prove that for triangular alge- bras in our context, any bounded isomorphism is completely bounded. Our methods simplify and extend various known results; for example, isometric isomorphisms of the triangular algebras extend to isometric isomorphisms of the C -envelopes, and the conditional expectation E : C ! D is multiplicative when restricted to a triangular subalgebra. Also, we use our methods to prove that the inductive limit of C -diagonals with regular connecting maps is again a C -diagonal.