Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The generalized relativistic effective core potential calculations of the adiabatic potential curve and spectroscopic constants for the ground electronic state of the Ca2

The potential curve, dissociation energy, equilibrium internuclear distance, and spectroscopic constants for the ground state of the Ca2 molecule are calculated with the help of the generalized relativistic effective core potential method which allows one to exclude the inner core electrons from the calculations and to take the relativistic effects into account effectively. Extensive generalized correlation basis sets were constructed and employed. The scalar relativistic coupled cluster method with corrections for high-order cluster amplitudes is used for the correlation treatment. The obtained results are analyzed and compared with the experimental data and corresponding all-electron results.
The role of molecular rare gas ions in plasmas operated at atmospheric pressure

Molecular rare gas ions (MRIs) may offer a fast volume recombination channel in rare gas plasmas via dissociative recombination (DR). In this paper, the concentration of MRI is calculated by balancing the most important processes for formation and destruction of these ions. It is shown that the effective loss frequency of charged particles in the plasma due to DR of MRI is not determined by the formation of these ions, but by the DR process itself. Also the consequences for the particle and energy balances of atmospheric `size-stabilized' helium and argon plasmas are discussed, as well as the influence on the lower boundary for partial local Saha equilibrium.
NDMA Treatment by Sequential GAC Adsorption and Fenton-Driven Destruction

N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a highly toxic environmental contaminant that was first detected in groundwater tainted by rocket fuel manufacturing wastes. NDMA is also a by-product of certain industrial processes including the chlorination of treated water and wastewater. Water treatment by carbon adsorption is costly because NDMA partitions only sparingly to carbon and frequent carbon replacement or regeneration is required. If activated carbon could be regenerated cheaply and quickly in place, NDMA adsorption on carbon, an easily implemented technology, could become attractive. In this study, the feasibility of adsorbing NDMA onto carbon followed by in-place carbon regeneration using Fenton's reagent was assessed. Batch and column tests indicated that the concentration of sorbed NDMA can be lowered to nondetectable levels in hours using reasonable hydrogen peroxide and iron concentrations. Three-log destruction of sorbed NDMA loaded to 1.04 mg NDMA/g carbon was achieved in approximately 12 h. Results.
Green Roof Systems as Sources or Sinks Influencing Heavy Metal Concentrations in Runoff

The contribution of green roofs to urban water quality is a subject of increasing interest. This study examined heavy metals in runoff from simulated green roof systems after 22-32 months in the field to assess source or sink behavior. The green roof systems were not sources of metals, except for one instance of elevated Cu in runoff. On some dates, runoff metal concentrations were significantly lower than that from an ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) membrane roof simulation, suggesting intermittent sink behavior. This sink behavior did not in most cases decrease runoff metals below the U.S. EPA water quality criteria for chronic Cd or Pb toxicity. If there were metals in the rainwater input from wet deposition, the green roof systems did not seem to sequester those metals, as runoff metal concen- trations were not reduced relative to the EPDM roof simulation. The lack of consistency in source or sink behavior indicates that pollutant concentrations in runoff are influenced by a complex interaction of factors. The contribution to urban water quality provided by these specific substrates if used in green roofs systems, or from modular green roofs, could be equally inconsistent. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870 . 0000601. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Environmental issues; Runoff; Heavy metals; Roofs; Urban areas; Vegetation; Water pollution; Water treatment. Author keywords: Environmental engineering; Heavy metals; Roofs; Urban areas; Vegetation; Water pollution; Water treatment.
Experimental Analysis of Altitude Relight Under Realistic Conditions Using Laser and High-Speed Video Techniques

The altitude relight performance of a lean fuel injector and combustor was investigated at the altitude relight test rig at the Rolls-Royce Strategic Research Centre (SRC) in Derby. The studies were performed for different mass flow rates of air and kerosene, a combustor temperature and pressure of 278 K and 0.5 bar, respectively. Good optical access to the combustion chamber enabled the application of optical and laser measuring techniques. High-speed video imaging in the UV and visible wavelength range at a frame rate of 3.5 kHz was used to visualize the temporal development of the flame kernel. The observed differences between the UV and visible flame emissions demonstrate the different origins of the luminosity, i.e. OH* chemiluminescence and soot radiation. Further, laser-induced fluorescence of kerosene and OH radicals was applied at a frame rate of 5 Hz to visualize the fuel distribution and regions of hot and reacting mixtures. For two exemplary flames with different mass flow rates and fuel-to-air ratios, the steady burning flames after successful ignition are characterized in this paper by the distributions of kerosene, OH*, OH and soot luminosity. An example of the flame kernel development for a successful ignition is given by an image sequence from a high-speed video recording of the chemiluminescence. The importance of the upstream movement of the flame kernel as a condition preceding successful flame stabilization is identified.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Comparative Study of Effects of Drying Methods and Storage Conditions on Aroma and Quality Attributes of Thai Jasmine Rice

This article describes the effects of various drying treatments and storage conditions on the main quality attributes of Thai jasmine rice; i.e., aroma, milling, pasting, and cooking properties. The experimental results show that drying treatments using various high temperatures (115–150°C) combined with 30 min tempering time between the pass or ambient air drying affect the composition of volatile compounds as well as the commercially accepted quality characteristics of Thai fragrant rice. High-temperature drying followed by ambient air drying can retain most of the quality attributes of Thai jasmine rice than multi-pass high-temperature drying with a tempering period between passes.
Application of Calcium to Soil and Cultivar Affect Elemental Concentration of Watermelon Leaf and Rind Tissue

Field experiments were conducted to quantify the effect of Ca supplied as gypsum in factorial combination with watermelon (Citrullus launatus (Thumb) Matsum and Nakai) cultivars Charleston Gray, Crimson Sweet, and Tri-X Seedless on yield and the elemental concentration of leaf and rind tissue. Also, the effect that ontogenetic changes and sectional differences had on the elemental concentration in rind tissue was investigated. The experiments were conducted at two locations in Oklahoma. Yield was not affected by Ca; however, mean melon weight was reduced at 1120 kg Ca/ha. Leaf Ca concentration increased linearly in response to Ca rate. 'Tri-X Seedless' had lower leaf Ca and higher K concentrations than did 'Charleston Gray' or 'Crimson Sweet'. Fruit ontogeny (days from anthesis) and melon section (blossom or stem-end) interacted to affect elemental concentrations in the rind tissue. There was also a significant genotypic effect on elemental concentration in rind tissue. Increasing rates of Ca applied to soil reduced the incidence of-blossom-end rot (BER) in 'Charleston Gray' melons. Calcium treatment did not affect flesh redness or soluble solids concentration (SSC) of watermelon.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Fixed-Route Autonomous and Electric Shuttles

This paper takes a realistic approach to develop a technoeconomic analysis for fixed-route autonomous shuttles. To develop a model for analysis, the current state of technology was used to approximate three timelines for achieving SAE level 5 capabilities: progressive, realistic, and conservative. Within these timelines, there are four different increments for advancements in the technology laid out as follows: SAE Level 0 human driver, SAE Level 4 in-vehicle safety operator, SAE Level 4 remote safety operator, and SAE Level 5 no safety operator. These increments in the changes of the technology were chosen based on the trends in the industry. Various shuttle models were used based on different rider quantities and drive-train requirements (electric vs gas) in this analysis. This allows for further understanding of how these deployment plans will vary the cost for shuttles operating in high, mid, and low ridership demand environments. Additional drive-train comparison shows the savings based on the choice of electric vs ICE vehicles. Taking these parameters into consideration, simulations were run for the various vehicle models in the various ridership demand environments to produce the economic costs for each situation. It was found that in 15 years there is an economic savings of 72%, 68%, 43%, and 35% for small, medium, large, and extra-large shuttles, respectively if deployed with the conservative plan of becoming SAE Level 4 with an in-vehicle safety operator in 2 years, SAE Level 4 with a remote safety operator in 4 years, and SAE Level 5 in 8 years.
Effect of Sodium Silicate on Calcium Aluminate Cement Hydration in Highly Alkaline Media: A Microstructural Characterization

The present paper discusses calcium aluminate cement (CAC) hydration in four highly alkaline solutions (8M NaOH and three sodium silicate solutions with SiO2/Na2O moduli of 0.19, 0.69, and 1.17). The reference system was water-hydrated CAC. The hydrated materials were tested for 2- and 28-day compressive and flexural strength and the reaction products were characterized by XRD, fourier transform infrared, and NMR. In highly alkaline media, initial mechanical strength developed much more slowly than in CAC-water systems. Strength in alkali-activated CAC rose gradually with time, however, reaching values of approximately 80 MPa in 28-day specimens, depending on the SiO2/Na2O ratio in the solution used to hydrate the CAC. The chief conclusion drawn from this study was that hydration proceeds differently in alkaline and neutral media, with C3AH6 precipitating in the former. The addition of sodium silicate to the alkaline hydration solutions used to hydrate the CAC induced the precipitation of katoite [Ca2.93Al1. 97 (Si0.64O2.56)(OH)9.44] and an alkaline aluminum silicate hydrate.
Their Biomechanical Implications Surgeon's Perspective on Recent Technological Advances and Expandable Interbody Fusion Cages: An Editorial on the

Background: Expandable cages have gone through several iterations since they first appeared on the market in the early 2000s. Their development was prompted by some common problems associated with static interbody cages, including migration, expulsion, dural or neural traction injury, and pseudarthrosis. Objective: To summarize current technological advances from earlier expandable lumbar interbody fusion devices to implants with vertical and medial-to-lateral expansion mechanisms. Methods: The authors review the currently available expandable cage designs, the incremental technological advances, and how these devices impact minimally invasive surgery interbody procedures and clinical outcomes. The strategic concepts intended to improve the minimally invasive application of expandable interbody fusion implants are reviewed from a surgeon’s perspective in a clinical context to discuss how their use may improve patient outcomes. Conclusions: The geometrical configuration, effective stiffness of composite multi-material cage designs may impact the bone-implant contact area with the endplates. Hybridization strategies of expandable cage technology with modern minimally invasive and endoscopic spinal surgery techniques are presented by outlining their advantages and disadvantages. Systematic
Polysaccharide-assisted rapid exfoliation of graphite platelets into high quality water-dispersible graphene sheets

Ultrasound exfoliation of graphite with the assistance of three polysaccharides (nonionic pullulan, cationic chitosan, and anionic alginate) was investigated in this work. The effects of polymer type, initial concentration of graphite, and ultrasonication period on the graphene yield and quality were compared. Under a sonotrode-type ultrasonication treatment for 30 min, graphene aqueous dispersions with concentrations of up to 2.3 mg ml−1 in pullulan solutions and 5.5 mg ml−1 in chitosan solutions were achieved. The obtained graphene nanosheets were characterized as low-defect mono-layer, bi-layer, and few-layer (<5), and formed stable dispersions in water for up to 6 months. The adsorption of pullulan and chitosan biopolymers on the graphene surface as determined by TGA technique was approximately 2.5 wt% and 8.5 wt%, respectively, which accounts for the dispersibility and stability of the graphene sheets in water. Findings arising from this work suggest that pullulan and chitosan are more effective in exfoliating graphite into graphene than alginate due to the different surface free energy and thermodynamic affinity. The polysaccharide-assisted aqueous-exfoliation approach enables the production of water-dispersible graphene with high quality and large quantity, thus providing an industrially scalable route for new potential applications of graphene-based nanocomposites, e.g. in the food packaging industry.
The role of energy dissipation in contacting and mixing devices

The aim of the present paper is the discussion of the relevance of power dissipation as a criterion for the understanding and prediction of transfer and mixing efficiencies in contactors and chemical reactors. After reviewing the approach of Le Goff to the energetic efficiency of exchangers, based on the deviations from Chilton-Colburn analogy, the following processes are studied: mass transfer between a flowing fluid and a reactive solid surface, transfer to a fixed object in a stirred vessel, macro- and micromixing of miscible fluids, and mass transfer in fluid-fluid contractors (especially gas-liquid reactors). It is concluded from the various examples that a direct relationship between the dissipated power and intensity of transfer or mixing can be established only under the two following conditions: local values must be considered at the point where the actual transfer and mixing occur, and not average values over the whole device, and power dissipation must be coupled to transfer or mixing and appear physically as the driving force of the process.
RELAXOR FERROELECTRIC MATERIALS FOR MICROWAVE TUNABLE APPLICATIONS

With strong dependences of dielectric constant on external applied electric fields, relaxor barium zirconium titanate (BaZrxTi1-xO3 or BZT) and barium stannate titanate (BaSnxTi1-xO3 or BTS), in both bulk ceramic and thin film forms, are increasingly being recognized as potential candidates of microwave tunable materials for device applications. This paper is aimed to review the recent progress in understanding the dielectric properties (such as tunability, dielectric loss and dielectric constant) of these relaxor materials. However, due to their relatively high dielectric constant and loss tangent, pure Ba(Zr,Ti)O3 and Ba(Sn,Ti)O3 do not fully satisfy the requirements of practical device applications. Therefore, various strategies have been developed to improve the dielectric properties of these two groups of relaxor materials. In this paper, we first discussed the dielectric tunability characteristics of pure Ba(Zr,Ti)O3 and Ba(Sn,Ti)O3 and then summarized the strategies that have been used, including (i) small amount acceptor or donor doping (such as rare-earth ions and transition metal ions) and (ii) forming composites with low loss and low dielectric constant microwave dielectric materials (such as MgO, MgTiO3 and so on). At the same time, the relationship between relaxor behavior and dielectric tunability was also discussed.
Production and characterization of rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa san-ai

The production and characteristics of rhamnolipid biosurfactant ob- tained by the strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa san-ai were investigated. With regard to the carbon and nitrogen sources, several media were tested to enhance the production of rhamnolipids. Phosphate-limited proteose peptone-ammo- nium salt (PPAS) medium supplemented with sunflower oil as a source of car- bon and mineral ammonium chloride and peptone as nitrogen sources greatly improved the production of rhamnolipid, from 0.15 on basic PPAS (C/N ratio 4.0) to 3 g L -1 on optimized PPAS medium (C/N ratio 7.7). Response surface methodology analysis was used for testing the effect of three factors, i.e., tem- perature, concentration of carbon and nitrogen source (mass %), in the opti- mized PPAS medium on the production of rhamnolipid. The isolated rhamno- lipids were characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and electrospray ioni- zation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The IR spectra confirmed that the isolated compound corresponded to the rhamnolipid structure, whereas MS indicated that the isolated preparation was a mixture of mono-rhamno-mono-lipidic, mono-rhamno-di-lipidic and di-rhamno-di-lipidic congeners.
INDONESIAN PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ MAJOR PROBLEMS IN TEACHING ENGLISH AT PRIMARY SCHOOLS, THAILAND

The purpose of this research was to find out major problems of six Indonesian pre-service teachers who had compeleted teaching practicum in the academic year 2017/2018. This research used descriptive qualitative study. The researcher gained the data of the research through depth-interview. The participants of this research were six students of eight semester Indonesian pre-service teachers of English Education Department, Bogor Ibn Khaldun University who had done teaching practicum to primary learners in Songkhla, Thailand for five months. This research revealed several major problems faced by Indonesian pre-service teachers in teaching English to Thai primary learners during their teaching practicum werelanguage differences, classroom management, lack of confidence, lack of teaching experience, individual learners differences, and culture differences.
A Chloride Ion-Selective Solvent Polymeric Membrane Electrode Based on a Hydrogen Bond Forming Ionophore

A chloride-selective solvent polymeric membrane electrode based on a neutral hydrogen bond forming ionophore, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), the plasticizer 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE), and cationic sites (50 mol %, relative to the ionophore) is described. At pH 7.0 (HEPES buffer), this electrode responds to chloride in a linear range from 10-5 to 10-2 M with a slope of (−54.0 ± 1.0) mV/decade and a detection limit of (6.5 ± 3.0) × 10-6 M. As compared to conventional anion-exchanger electrodes, the interference of SCN-, Br-, NO3-, I-, and even salicylate is considerably reduced, as shown by the selectivity coefficients determined with the matched potential method (MPM) in the chloride concentration range 10-2.34−10-2.04 M (log (MPM): Sal-, +1.8; SCN-, +1.6; NO3-, +0.7; I-, +0.5; Br-, +0.4). Because the discrimination of the more hydrophilic anions SO42-, HSO3-/SO32-, OAc-, HCO3-, and H2PO4-/HPO42- is too large for a determination of accurate selectivity coefficients in this high chloride concentratio.
MICRO-PIV CHARACTERIZATION OF LAMINAR DEVELOPED FLOWS OF NEWTONIAN AND NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS IN A SLIT CHANNEL

Comprehensive knowledge of hydrodynamics inside the feeding channels of spiralwound membrane modules is recognized as crucial for the efficient operation of such separation equipments. Slits are laboratory models widely used to mimic the fundamentals of hydrodynamics and mass transfer in spiral-wound membrane modules. In this work micro-PIV was the technique chosen to characterize fully developed laminar flows in a slit for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Experiments with water, water-glycerol and water-glycerol-xanthan were carried out at different flow rates, ranging from 4.3 to 25.3 L/h. The ternary mixture water-glycerol-xanthan simulates the non-Newtonian rheological behavior of blood. The other fluids are Newtonian and exhibit different viscosities. The fluids rheology was characterized making recourse to a viscometer. Using micro-PIV, velocity maps at several depths of the channel were obtained. As expected, results showed that the Newtonian fluids flows exhibit parabolic profiles typical of laminar developed flows in slits. On the other hand, slightly flattened profiles characterize the non-Newtonian fluid flows. Comparisons with the analytical solutions for laminar developed flows in rectangular slits are very encouraging.
Global Distribution of Methane Hydrate in Ocean Sediment

In this paper, we present an equilibrium thermodynamic model to accurately predict the maximum depth of hydrate stability in the seafloor, including the effects of water salinity, hydrate confinement in pores, and the distribution of pore sizes in natural sediments. This model uses sediment type, geothermal gradient, and seafloor depth as input to predict the thickness of the hydrate zone. Using this hydrate model and a mass-transfer description for hydrate formation, we have also developed a predictive method for the occurrence of methane hydrates in the ocean. Based on this information, a prediction for the distribution of methane hydrate in ocean sediment is presented on a 1° latitude by 1° longitude (1° × 1°) global grid. From this detailed prediction, we estimate that there is a total volume of 1.2 × 1017 m3 of methane gas (expanded to atmospheric conditions), or, equivalently, 74 400 Gt of CH4 in ocean hydrates, which is 3 orders of magnitude larger than worldwide conventional natural gas reserves.
Effects of soaking and boiling and autoclaving on nutritional quality of Mucuna flagellipes (Ukpo).

The effect of soaking and boiling, and autoclaving on nutritional factors (proximate and mineral) and anti-nutritional qualities of legume, Mucuna flagellipes were studied. Batches of seeds were soaked for 6, 12, 18 and 24 h in distilled water at room temperature, then boiled in water for 30, 45, 60 or 90 min respectively. Another batch of the M. flagellipes was autoclaved for different duration of 30, 45, 90 and 120 min respectively. Results showed that soaking followed by boiling produced products with lower crude fibre content (10% for soaking for 24 h followed by boiling for 90 min). However it increased the carbohydrates. Autoclaving resulted in products with lower mineral contents (1042.5 mg/100 g phosphorous for autoclaving for 120 min. Key words: Legumes, Mucuna flagellipes, nutritional factors, soaking, boiling, autoclaving.
Highly enantioselective and substrate-selective polymers obtained by molecular imprinting utilizing noncovalent interactions. NMR and chromatographic studies on the nature of recognition

Preparation de polymeres methacryliques hautement enantioselectifs et substrats selectifs par impression moleculaire de derives de la L-phenylalanine, selectivite gouvernee par les interactions entre le substrat et la phase stationnaire-polymere et par la nature des substituants de la phenylalanine. Etude chromatographique et RMN en faveur de l'existence de complexes multimoleculaires formes par liaisons electrostatique et hydrogene entre la phenylanilide et 3 monomeres methacryliques au maximum avant leur polymerisation