Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation for three-dimensional rotor icing in forward flight

Icing will occur when helicopters pass through clouds containing supercooled droplets. The ice accreted on rotor blade affects the safety of helicopter. A numerical simulation method of helicopter rotor icing in forward flight is presented, and the icing characteristics of rotor are studied. The flow field is calculated based on the overlapping grids, and the Eulerian model is applied in the droplet trajectory calculation. The unsteady method is used to calculate rotor flow field and droplet trajectory. The icing model considering the effect of centrifugal force is adopted to simulate the ice shapes of rotor in forward flight. The average ice growth rate is compared with the ice growth rate at each azimuth angle, and the effects of blade pitch and forward flight speed on the droplet impingement and icing characteristics are summarized. Finally, the influence of time step on the calculation results is analyzed. The calculation results show that the droplet impingement characteristics and icing characteristics change continuously in forward flight. The ice growth rate and droplet collection efficiency are larger on the advancing blade and smaller on the retreating blade.
DASCO: Dual-Generator Adversarial Support Constrained Offline Reinforcement Learning

In offline RL, constraining the learned policy to remain close to the data is essential 1 to prevent the policy from outputting out-of-distribution (OOD) actions with erro-2 neously overestimated values. In principle, generative adversarial networks (GAN) 3 can provide an elegant solution to do so, with the discriminator directly providing 4 a probability that quantifies distributional shift. However, in practice, GAN-based 5 offline RL methods have not outperformed alternative approaches, perhaps because 6 the generator is trained to both fool the discriminator and maximize return – two 7 objectives that are often at odds with each other. In this paper, we show that the 8 issue of conflicting objectives can be resolved by training two generators: one that 9 maximizes return, with the other capturing the “remainder” of the data distribution 10 in the offline dataset, such that the mixture of the two is close to the behavior policy. 11 We show that not only does having two generators enable an effective GAN-based 12 offline RL method, but also approximates a support constraint, where the policy 13 does not need to match the entire data distribution, but only the slice of the data 14 that leads to high long term performance. We name our method DASCO, for 15 D ual-Generator A dversarial S upport C onstrained O ffline RL. On benchmark tasks 16 that require learning from sub-optimal data, DASCO significantly outperforms 17 prior methods that enforce distribution constraint. 18
Software-Deﬁned Caching [Technical Report CSRG-626]

In data centers, caches work both to provide low IO latencies and to reduce the load on the back-end network and storage. But they are not designed for multi-tenancy; system level caches today cannot be conﬁgured to match tenant or provider objectives. Exacerbating the problem is the increasing number of un-coordinated caches on the IO data plane. The lack of global visibility on the control plane to coordinate this distributed set of caches leads to inefﬁciencies, increasing cloud provider cost. We present Moirai, a tenant and workload aware system that allows data center providers to control their distributed caching infrastructure. Moirai can help ease the management of the cache infrastructure and achieve various objectives, such as improving overall resource utilization or providing tenant isolation and QoS guarantees, as we show through several use cases. A key beneﬁt of Moirai is that it is transparent to applications or VMs deployed in data centers. Our prototype runs unmodiﬁed OSes and databases providing immediate beneﬁt to existing applications.
THE IMPACT OF RESEARCH-ORIENTED COLLABORATIVE INQUIRY LEARNING ON PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ SCIENTIFIC PROCESS SKILLS AND ATTITUDES

In the past decade, scientific process skills and scientific attitudes are widely regarded as essential factors influencing students’ achievement and their future career choices. Unfortunately, previous literature found that students’ scientific skills and attitudes tend to be unsatisfactory. Thus, cultivating students’ skills and attitudes is seen as a fundamental goal in science education. This research sought to promote scientific process skills and scientific attitudes of pre-service chemistry teachers using REORCILEA (Research-Oriented Collaborative Inquiry Learning). In this quasi-experimental research, a one-group pretest and posttest design was utilized. A total of 50 pre-service teachers (6 males and 44 females) at a medium-sized public university in Indonesia were recruited in this study. In order to gather data, the Scientific Process Skills Observation Checklist (SPSOC) and the Scientific Attitude Survey (SAS) were administered before and after the intervention. The data obtained in this study were analyzed through paired-samples t -test and Cohen’s d . The results showed a significant increase from pretest to posttest in scientific process skills and scientific attitude scores during treatment, each with a high effect size. It can be summarized that REORCILEA is effective in fostering scientific skills and positive attitudes of pre-service chemistry teachers to a satisfactory level. It is recommended for educators to apply REORCILEA to other college chemistry courses to improve their performance.
Automated identification and transcription of chest pathology using CNN with Natural Language understanding

The work presented here deals with the topic of transcribing medical images in an automated fashion. In particular, a dataset of chest X-ray images with available radiological impressions was used to train two models, one based on RNN with GRU and another based on Transformer model. Image feature extraction was performed in two different ways – first using an available pretrained model and a second using training from hand-labeled multi-labels of the dataset under consideration. Comparisons were carried out using BLEU scores and it is shown that the transformer model with image features extracted from a trained model slightly outperformed the attention model. Mean BLEU scores around 0.4 indicate a reasonably good match between reference and predicted transcriptions, given a relatively small dataset. However, BLEU scores were not found to be reflective of the success of accurate transcription. Further improvements are possible by expanding the dataset and using a medical dictionary available for reference transcription along with better metrics to capture the accuracy of transcription.
Barriers to Mentoring of Graduates in Quantity Surveying Firms in Tanzania: A Factor Analysis Approach

ABSTRACT Despite the plethora of studies on barriers to mentoring, these have focused more on the higher education sector, and particularly mentoring to university graduates. However, there still limited studies that have focused on understanding the barriers affecting the mentoring process of graduates in quantity surveying firms within developing countries. This research aims at bridging that knowledge gap by exploring the underlying relationships among the barriers to mentoring of graduates in the context of quantity surveying firms in Tanzania thus minimizing risk of losing vital knowledge and competencies. An interpretivist epistemological design was adapted to extensively manually review and search the literature on mentoring barriers. Based on 15 barriers to mentoring identified, a questionnaire survey was used to collect data from graduates employed in Tanzanian quantity surveying firms, with 53 validated responses; mean score techniques and factor analysis were conducted. Empirical results showed a four-factor model comprising the following: multicultural and social injustice-related barriers; mentoring relationship-related barriers; personal and relational behavior-related barriers; and attitudinal and knowledge-related barriers. The identification of the key barriers to mentoring of graduates would be useful to advocate informal mentoring training programs to sharpen the skills of mentors in order to improve the performance of graduates.
Why and how Barcelona has become a health inequalities research hub? A realist explanatory case study

ABSTRACT Despite the increase in global research on health inequalities, more needs to be done to strengthen efforts to inform local interventions. In this article, we ask what determines the local capacity to engage in research on health inequalities. A bibliometric analysis identified Spain as the 10th highest global contributor to this research field (1966–2015), yet a significant proportion of this production was affiliated to just a few institutions in Barcelona. How and why has the city produced so much health inequalities research over four decades? A realist explanatory case study was conducted to test and refine six causal mechanisms, and identify the contextual conditions that might have activated them to generate this outcome. Data was triangulated from 10 semi-structured interviews, and scientific and grey literature. Our findings confirmed that several of our proposed mechanisms - functioning under certain conditions over time - explain the large volume of health inequalities research in Barcelona. Based on these findings, key lessons from the city's experience are suggested. Further research is needed on this topic.
A Desktop Usability Evaluation of the Facebook Mobile Interface using the JAWS Screen Reader with Blind Users

Social networking sites (SNSs) like Facebook are widely used and have been broadly studied but despite years of investigation, accessibility complaints from individuals with visual impairments continue to persist. To investigate this issue we have conducted a quasi-ethnographic usability evaluation of Facebook involving blind participants, the mobile interface (m.facebook.com) and the JAWS screen reader on a desktop computer; a configuration that has been suggested in the related literature but insufficiently investigated. Six participants attempted 18 tasks designed to be representative of common SNS user activities. Of the features evaluated participants were most severely challenged by the process of creating a user profile and identifying other users with whom to establish relationships; two of the three core activities commonly viewed as characterizing SNSs. These findings suggest that despite recent progress additional research may be needed to make Facebook truly accessible for individuals with visual impairments.
Correlations of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Daytime Sleepiness with the Risk of Car Accidents in Adult Working Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with a Gender-Based Approach

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is an under-recognized clinical condition and is correlated with sleepiness and impaired cognitive function. Objectives: The primary aim of this systematic review, developed within the Sleep@OSA project, was to determine the correlations of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, daytime sleepiness and sleep-disordered breathing with the risk of car accidents in adult working populations; a secondary aim was to analyze the epidemiologic data with a gender-based approach to identify differences between women and men in the data and in associated risk factors. Methods: Clinical trials and studies reporting data on the frequency of car accidents involving adult working population with daytime sleepiness and/or OSAS compared with a control group of participants were included. Literature searches of free text and MeSH terms were performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library and Scopus from 1952 to 3 May 2021. Results and Conclusions: The search strategy identified 2138 potential articles. Of these, 49 papers were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 30 were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with controls, the odds of car accidents were found to be more than double in subjects with OSAS (OR = 2.36; 95% CI 1.92–2.91; p < 0.001), with a similar risk between commercial motor vehicle drivers (OR = 2.80; 95% CI 1.82–4.31) and noncommercial motor vehicle drivers (OR = 2.32; 95% CI 1.84–2.34). No significant correlation was found between sleepiness and car crashes, but subjects with sleep-disordered breathing were at increased risk of car accidents (OR = 1.81; 95% CI 1.42–2.31; p < 0.001). To our surprise, although epidemiological studies on the risk of road accidents in the adult population with OSAS and daytime sleepiness are currently very abundant, specific data on the female population are not available.
Research Progress on the Preparation and Applications of Laser-Induced Graphene Technology

Graphene has been regarded as a potential application material in the field of new energy conversion and storage because of its unique two-dimensional structure and excellent physical and chemical properties. However, traditional graphene preparation methods are complicated in-process and difficult to form patterned structures. In recent years, laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology has received a large amount of attention from scholars and has a wide range of applications in supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, air filters, water treatment, etc. In this paper, we summarized a variety of preparation methods for graphene. The effects of laser processing parameters, laser type, precursor materials, and process atmosphere on the properties of the prepared LIG were reviewed. Then, two strategies for large-scale production of LIG were briefly described. We also discussed the wide applications of LIG in the fields of signal sensing, environmental protection, and energy storage. Finally, we briefly outlined the future trends of this research direction.
The National Innovation System in a catching-up country: empirical evidence based on micro data of a Triple Helix in Poland

Research background: There are two main directions for the research of the national innovation system (NIS): the international comparison of macro data from national statistic offices or specific micro research restricted mostly to analysing selected issues. There is a lack of empirical studies regarding the national innovation system as a whole based on micro raw data and using statistical models. Purpose of the article: To identify and evaluate the impact of the triple helix (an input and output approach) on the NIS in Poland, including internal interactions between industry, science and government. Methods: A questionnaire surveys were conducted by the authors over the past five years in 6,284 manufacturing enterprises. The multifactor stepwise logistics regression forward was used to evaluate what, where and how effectively the NIS institutions in catching-up and medium-sized countries such as Poland are working. Findings & value added: The NIS of Poland is a complicated and non-mature system. Some parts of the network are effective, while others are not. It is noted that cooperation between enterprises stimulates innovation to a greater extent than cooperation with scientific institutions and public administration. The vertical supply chain is the main driver of NIS in Poland. Domestic scientific institutions have an impact that is often short-term, fragmented, and non-continuous, though it can be strong from time to time. Strangely, organizations with low knowledge potential support industry innovation activity more efficiently and in a more organised way than science institutes, excluding foreign ones. For catching-up countries, this is an important bridging of the knowledge gap - it turns out that the quantity and quality of domestic knowledge in the national innovation system is inefficient. Scientific institutions need to achieve sufficient critical mass to stimulate innovative activity. The value of the conclusions is underlined by the fact that the analyses were based on micro data, which allowed to capture the relationships between the different elements of the triple helix.
The Association of Physical and Mental Illness and Self-Harm Resulting in Hospitalization: A Population-Based Study of Older Adults in South Korea

Self-harm injury among older adults is a pressing problem that demands social attention in South Korea. This study sought to identify the association between physical and mental illness and hospitalization following self-harm injuries, compared to non-self-harm injuries, among older adults living in Korea. We analyzed individuals aged 65 and older who were admitted to hospitals either for self-harm or non-self-harm from a population-based survey of the Korea National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey (KNHDIS). A logistic regression analysis was performed. Compared with non-self-harm-related hospitalization, self-harm hospitalization was associated with higher odds of depression, other disorders of the nervous system, malignancies, alcohol misuse and dependence, and drug-related dependence. Dementia, anxiety disorder, diabetes, arthritis, cerebral palsy, and other paralytic syndromes had a lower likelihood of leading to self-harm than non-self-harm hospitalization. The findings of this study can inform medical professionals to identify older adults with a heightened risk of self-harming behavior leading to hospitalization.
Gender Differences in Fundamental Motor Skills Proficiency in Children Aged 3–6 Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The age range of 3–6 years is considered as a critical period in developing and learning fundamental motor skills (FMS). To make the formulation of future FMS guidance programs more targeted, we examined gender differences in children’s FMS proficiency using a meta-analysis. Structured electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched using key terms, and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was used to assess the quality of included literature. Finally, 38 articles (39 studies) met the pre-specified inclusion criteria. The results showed that boys had higher proficiency in total FMS and object control skills than girls (SMD = 0.17 (95% CI 0.03, 0.31), p = 0.02; SMD = 0.48 (95% CI 0.38, 0.58), p < 0.00001), and gender differences in locomotor skill proficiency approached significance, trending in favor of girls (SMD = −0.07 (95 % CI −0.15, 0.01), p = 0.09, I2 = 66%). Meta-regression shows that age is associated with gender differences in object control skills (p < 0.05). In addition, through subgroup analysis, we found that boys’ advantage in object control skills increased with age (3 years: SMD = 0.27 (95% CI 0.00, 0.54), p < 0.00001; 4 years: SMD = 0.58 (95% CI 0.38, 0.77), p < 0.00001; 5 years: SMD = 0.59 (95% CI 0.31, 0.88), p < 0.00001; 6 years: SMD = 0.81 (95% CI 0.61, 1.01), p < 0.00001). In this meta-analysis, we found gender differences in FMS levels in children aged 3–6 years. Notably, gender differences in skill proficiency in object control were influenced by age. We recommend focusing on and developing girls’ object control skills starting at age 3.
Sublethal effects of some insecticides on the functional response of Aenasius bambawalei Hayat, 2009 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

<p class="042abstractstekst"><em><span lang="EN-US">Aenasius bambawalei</span></em><span lang="EN-US"> Hayat, 2009 is one of the most effective natural enemies of <em>Phenacoccus solenopsis </em>Tinsley, 1898. The sublethal effects of dimethoate, imidacloprid, and thiodicarb on the functional response of <em>A. bambawalei</em> to different densities of third instar nymphs of <em>P. solenopsis</em> were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Young females were exposed to the insecticides and then introduced to the host densities of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 for 24 h. The results revealed a type III functional response in control and insecticide treatments. The handling time and maximum attack rates of <em>A. bambawalei</em> females were adversely affected by insecticides. The longest handling time and the lowest value of maximum attack rate were observed in thiodicarb treatment, 5.03 h and 4.76, respectively. Therefore, for the simultaneous application of biological and chemical control of <em>P. solenopsis</em>, the influence of insecticides on the functional response behavior of natural enemies must be evaluated. </span></p>
In-Game Physiological Responses of Young Elite Male and Female Golf Players: A Field-Based Study

Background. Females' golf course lengths have been reduced due to their strength characteristics, leading to shorter shot distances than men. Although the golf game requires different physical conditions for females and males, the physiological demands of both genders are unknown. Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the physiological responses of female and male golfers during 18 holes golf games. Methods. Twentynine elite golf players (females:11, males:14) with 1-10 handicaps participated in the study (age: 17.76±2.05 years and handicaps: 5.4±2.9). The players' physiological responses were assessed using BioHarness 3 Zephry wireless supported heart rate monitor. Perceived exertion rates of the players were enrolled using Borg Scale. Results. Female golf players had significantly higher heart rate values and energy expenditures than male golf players during 18 holes golf games (P<0.05). Although playing golf produced higher physiologic demands in female players, there was no difference in perceived exertion rates (P>0.05). Conclusion. Although the golf game is facilitated by changing the course length for female golf players, it has been investigated that they encountered greater physiological demands than males. However, the perceived exertion rates of females were similar to those of males during the golf course play. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the physiological demands of female and male golf players during 18 holes golf games. It can be suggested that female players should not compete in the same category as male players, despite the game being simplified by changing the course length.
Differentially Aquaporin 5 Expression in Submandibular Glands and Cerebral Cortex in Alzheimer’s Disease

Impaired brain clearance mechanisms may result in the accumulation of aberrant proteins that define Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The water channel protein astrocytic aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is essential for brain amyloid-β clearance, but it is known to be abnormally expressed in AD brains. The expression of AQPs is differentially regulated during diverse brain injuries, but, whereas AQP4 expression and function have been studied in AD, less is known about AQP5. AQP5 functions include not only water transport but also cell migration mediated by cytoskeleton regulation. Moreover, AQP5 has been reported to be expressed in astrocytes, which are regulated after ischemic and traumatic injury. Additionally, AQP5 is particularly abundant in the salivary glands suggesting that it may be a crucial factor in gland dysfunction associated with AD. Herein, we aim to determine whether AQP5 expression in submandibular glands and the brain was altered in AD. First, we demonstrated impaired AQP5 expression in submandibular glands in APP/PS1 mice and AD patients. Subsequently, we observed that AQP5 expression was upregulated in APP/PS1 cerebral cortex and confirmed its expression both in astrocytes and neurons. Our findings propose AQP5 as a significant role player in AD pathology, in addition to AQP4, representing a potential target for the treatment of AD.