Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eco-friendly alkali lignin-assisted water-based graphene oxide ink and its application as a resistive temperature sensor

Inkjet-printable ink formulated with graphene oxide (GO) offers several advantages, including aqueous dispersion, low cost, and environmentally friendly production. However, water-based GO ink encounters challenges such as high surface tension, low wetting properties, and reduced ink stability over prolonged storage time. Alkali lignin, a natural surfactant, is promising in improving GO ink’s stability, wettability, and printing characteristics. The concentration of surfactant additives is a key factor in fine-tuning GO ink’s stability and printing properties. The current study aims to explore the detailed effects of alkali lignin concentration and optimize the overall properties of graphene oxide (GO) ink for drop-on-demand thermal inkjet printing. A meander-shaped temperature sensor electrode was printed using the optimized GO ink to demonstrate its practical applicability for commercial purposes. The sensing properties are evaluated using a simple experimental setup across a range of temperatures. The findings demonstrate a significant increase in zeta potential by 25% and maximum absorption by 84.3%, indicating enhanced stability during prolonged storage with an optimized alkali lignin concentration compared to the pure GO dispersions. The temperature sensor exhibits a remarkable thermal coefficient of resistance of 1.21 within the temperature range of 25 °C–52 °C, indicative of excellent sensitivity, response, and recovery time. These results highlight the potential of alkali lignin as a natural surfactant for improving the performance and applicability of inkjet-printable GO inks in various technological applications.
Executive skills in children and adolescents:A practical guide to assessment and intervention

Las funciones ejecutivas son una serie de procesos cognitivos requeridos para la resolución de problemas, regulación del afecto, motivación y comprensión social (Zelazo, Qu & Müller, 2005) que se llevan a cabo a través de subprocesos como la memoria de trabajo, el control inhibitorio, la flexibilidad cognitiva, entre otros. Estas habilidades juegan un importante rol en el funcionamiento social y académico de los niños y niñas (Jacobson, Williford & Pianta, 2011). El libro Executive skills in children and adolescents presenta una excelente guía práctica sobre cómo evaluar e intervenir en población escolar que presenta dificultades asociadas al procesamiento ejecutivo, la cual posee un enorme valor para la práctica de la docencia y la psicología clínica. Esta segunda edición fue escrita por Peg Dawson, quien pertenece al equipo de psicología del Centro para Aprendizaje y Desórdenes de Atención en Portsmouth, New Hampshire, en el cual se ha especializado en atención de niños y adultos con problemas de aprendizaje y desórdenes atencionales; en conjunto con Richard Guare, neuropsicólogo y director del Centro de Aprendizaje y Desórdenes de Atención en Portsmouth. La obra está conformada por diez capítulos, el primero de los cuales presenta una definición de las funciones ejecutivas y explica por separado once habilidades conceptualizadas como parte del procesamiento ejecutivo, tales como planeamiento, organización, manejo del tiempo, memoria de trabajo, control inhibitorio, atención sostenida, flexibilidad cognitiva, iniciación de una tarea, entre otras. Los autores destacan el rol fundamental de las funciones ejecutivas en tareas como planificación, organización y en la regulación de la propia conducta, y presentan una breve explicación de cómo el desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas se cimenta sobre el desarrollo del sistema nervioso
Using High Spatial Resolution Multispectral Data to Classify Corn and Soybean Crops

Digital images of a corn and soybean site in Ohio were acquired several times during the growing season using a multispectral scanner mounted on an aircraft. The goal of this study was to evaluate the use of this high spatial resolution (1-m) data to identifl corn and soybean crops at various growth stages. Maximum distinction between corn and soybeans was achieved using the near-infrared bands when the crops were mature, while the visible bands were more useful when the soybeans were senescing. Spectral class differences were related to leaf nitrogen, soil water content, soil organic matter, and plant biomass. An approach is presented for identifying corn and soybeans crops where little or no reference data are available. The approach is based on the red and near-infrared bands and using the Simple Vegetation Index or the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index.
Gulf Stream Variability and Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions*

Time series of Gulf Stream position derived from the TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter from October 1992 to November 1998 are used to investigate the lead and lag relation between the Gulf Stream path as it leaves the continental shelf and the changes in sea level pressure, surface wind stress, and sea surface temperature (SST), as given by the NCEP reanalysis. The dominant signal is a northward (southward) displacement of Gulf Stream axis 11 to 18 months after the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) reaches positive (negative) extrema. A SST warming (cooling) peaking north of the Gulf Stream is also seen to precede the latitudinal shifts, but it is a part of the large-scale SST anomaly tripole that is generated by the NAO fluctuations. There is no evidence that the Gulf Stream shifts have a direct impact onto the large-scale atmospheric circulation. A fast, passive response of the Gulf Stream to NAO forcing is also suggested by a corresponding analysis of the yearly mean Gulf Stream position estimated from XBT data at 200 m during 1954‐98, where the NAO primarily leads the latitudinal Gulf Stream shifts by 1 yr. The fast Gulf Stream response seems to reflect buoyancy forcing in the recirculation gyres but, as the covariability remains significant when the NAO leads by up to 9 yr, large-scale wind stress forcing may become important after a longer delay. Because of the high NAO index of the last decades, the TOPEX/Poseidon period is one of unprecedented northward excursion of the Gulf Stream in the 45-yr record, with the Gulf Stream 50‐100 km north of its climatological mean position.
New observations on Sawdonia ornata from Scotland

ABSTRACT Recent collections of Sawdonia ornata have been made from the Strathmore Group which crops out in the Midland Valley of Scotland. The sediments are Lower Devonian, probably Emsian, in age. New morphological features discovered include planar branching of vegetative and fertile axes, abaxial emergences close to branch points and H branching. Well preserved cuticles have permitted reinterpretation of the structure of stornata, rosettes (hair bases), papillae and spines, and striated cuticle is identified as S. ornata. The morphology of sporangia and in situ spores is described. Pyritised axes have revealed details of xylem shape, maturation, changes in the vicinity of branching, tracheidal structure and the arrangement of xylem and cortex in deformed axes.
Temporal moments in geoelectrical monitoring of salt tracer experiments

Monitoring of salt tracer experiments by electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) has been shown to be a valuable tool for characterizing the hydraulics of an aquifer, but efficient approaches of determining the spatial hydraulic conductivity distribution from ERT data are still missing. Standard inversion of ERT data obtained during salt tracer tests may even lead to estimates of the concentration distribution that are in contradiction to flow and transport of conservative compounds in porous media. In order to avoid nonphysical behavior, we consider the governing equations of groundwater flow, solute transport, and geoelectrics as a coupled system. While the tracer passes through the part of the domain that is sensitive for a particular electrode configuration, the measured electrical potential differences are perturbed. We characterize these perturbations by their temporal moments and relate them to the temporal moments of concentration, which themselves depend on hydraulic conductivity. We present temporal moment‐generating equations leading from the hydraulic conductivity field via heads and velocities to the temporal moments of concentration and electrical potential perturbations. The approach makes use of a linearized version of the Poisson equation. On the basis of this system of coupled steady state equations, we compute the sensitivity of electrical potential perturbations with respect to the log hydraulic conductivity distribution by the continuous adjoint state method for coupled systems. For demonstration, we simulate salt tracer experiments in a virtual quasi‐two‐dimensional sandbox, monitored by ERT. We show that the ratio of the first over the zeroth temporal moment of potential perturbation is less affected by the linearization of the Poisson equation than the zeroth and first moments themselves. Thus, it appears recommendable to use the ratio of first to zeroth moments also as data in inversion. We compare sensitivity patterns resulting from different electrode configurations. The methods of forward simulations and sensitivity calculations presented in this paper can be combined with any inverse kernel to develop a complete inverse model. Altogether, using temporal moments of potential perturbation appears promising for fully coupled hydrogeophysical inversion of ERT surveys during salt tracer tests.
Appendicular lean mass index changes in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Becker muscular dystrophy

Mutations in the 79 exons of the dystrophin gene result in muscle wasting and weakness of varying clinical severity, ranging from severe/typical Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) to intermediate DMD and mild Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), depending on the frameshift of the mutation. We previously reported that males with DMD have progressively declining appendicular lean mass (ALM) and ALM index (ALMI) with age and worsening functional motor ability compared with healthy controls. These indices have not been studied in patients with intermediate DMD and BMD phenotypes and across DMD genotypes. In this study, we compared age‐related trajectories of ALM and ALMI of patients who had (1) BMD without functional mobility deficits with patients who had DMD at different stages of disease and healthy controls; (2) a DMD intermediate phenotype with patients who had a typical DMD phenotype; and (3) DMD categorized by genotype.
Mobility and distribution of zinc forms in columns of an acid, a neutral, and a calcareous soil treated with three organic zinc complexes under laboratory conditions

Three liquid zinc (Zn) fertilisers were mixed with the upper 1.5 cm of columns representing 3 different soil profiles: Aquic Haploxeralf, of an acid nature and with hydromorphic problems; Calcic Haploxeralf, of a neutral nature; and Typic Xerorthents, of a calcareous nature. They were periodically irrigated for 60 days. Most of the applied Zn remained in the top of the soil when it was added as Zn-lignosulfonate plus EDTA or Zn-2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanotricarboxilate. When Zn-EDTA plus fulvic and humic acid fertiliser was applied, Zn migrated and distributed throughout the soil resulting in losses of Zn by leaching of 2.29% in acidic soil, 27.36% in neutral soil, and 10.5% in calcareous soil of the Zn applied. The 3 fertilisers produce sufficient concentrations of the bioavailable Zn forms in the Ap horizons (DTPA and Mehlich-3 extractable Zn) for the cultivation of different plants. In the calcareous soil, which contained free CaCO3, the amount of Zn extracted by Mehlich-3 was higher than in soils with no free CaCO3. Distribution of Zn in the soil was studied at the beginning and end of the experiment by means of one sequential fractionation and showed that added Zn remained in more labile fractions for uptake by plants in the acid and neutral soils when compared with the control. When Zn was added to calcareous soil, no amount of Zn was detected in the water-soluble plus exchangeable fraction at the end of experiment for any Zn fertiliser source.
Major optical depth perturbations to the stratosphere from volcanic eruptions: Pyrheliometric period, 1881–1960

A detailed chronology of major stratospheric dust veils from 1881 to 1960 has been constructed by searching the primary literature for relevant observational data of various kinds, especially pyrheliometry. Data from 23 observing sites in both hemispheres have been reduced in a rigorous fashion to yield a table of pyrheliometric optical depth perturbations as a function of year, month, and latitude band. To convert to visual reference wavelengths, the tabular entries should be multiplied by a time-dependent factor that is somewhat greater than unity. Ten measurable volcanic dust veils have been established in this manner and have been analyzed as to their generation, transport, decay, and total mass. These clouds arose from eruptions of Krakatau (1883), an unidentified volcano (1890), Soufriere and Pelee (1902), Santa Maria (1902), Ksudach (1907), Katmai (1912), Puyehue (1921), Paluweh (1928), Komagatake (1929), and Quizapu (1932). Other turbidity indicators have also been used in the analysis, including starlight extinction, purple twilight glows, color of Sun and Moon, polarization of blue sky light, Bishop's ring around the Sun, and dark lunar eclipses. Global stratospheric aerosol loadings have been computed from the peak turbidities. Agreement with the aerosol masses derived from polar ice cores is good in the important cases of Krakatau, Santa Maria, and (after a major correction of the ice core value) Katmai. During the long period 1881–1992, about 80% of all stratospheric aerosols generated by the largest sulfur-producing eruptions were emplaced during the two short time intervals 1883–1902 and 1982–1991. The long-term (1881–1992) average annual production rate of stratospheric SO2 from the largest eruptions was 0.8 Tg yr−1, about half the average rate since 1981. Implications of the principal results are discussed.
The risk assessment of uveitis after COVID‐19 diagnosis: A multicenter population‐based study

Reports on uveitis after COVID‐19 have been limited. Our objective was to examine the risk of uveitis among COVID‐19 patients. This was a retrospective cohort study based on the TriNetX platform. The exposure group was patients with positive laboratory test result for SARS‐CoV‐2 and the comparison group was those tested negative for COVID‐19 throughout the study period. The endpoint is the new diagnoses of uveitis. This study composed of 2 105 424 patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 (55.4% female; 62.5% white; mean age at index 40.7 years) and 2 105 424 patients (55.4% female; 62.4% white; mean age at index 40.7 years) who never had COVID‐19. There was significantly increased risk of new diagnosis of uveitis since the first month after diagnosis of COVID‐19 compared with matched controls (HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03–1.34) up to 24 months (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.09–1.22). Our findings strengthen those previously raised by case series with a larger and multicenter study. We found that uveitis was significantly associated with COVID‐19 infection. Our findings reiterate the need for careful investigation as well as increased awareness from ophthalmologists in considering the possibility of COVID‐19 in vulnerable patients with new presentation of uveitis.
Two epilepsy‐associated variants in KCNA2 (KV1.2) at position H310 oppositely affect channel functional expression

Two KCNA2 variants (p.H310Y and p.H310R) were discovered in paediatric patients with epilepsy and developmental delay. KCNA2 encodes KV1.2‐channel subunits, which regulate neuronal excitability. Both gain and loss of KV1.2 function cause epilepsy, precluding the prediction of variant effects; and while H310 is conserved throughout the KV‐channel superfamily, it is largely understudied. We investigated both variants in heterologously expressed, human KV1.2 channels by immunocytochemistry, electrophysiology and voltage‐clamp fluorometry. Despite affecting the same channel, at the same position, and being associated with severe neurological disease, the two variants had diametrically opposite effects on KV1.2 functional expression. The p.H310Y variant produced ‘dual gain of function’, increasing both cell‐surface trafficking and activity, delaying channel closure. We found that the latter is due to the formation of a hydrogen bond that stabilizes the active state of the voltage‐sensor domain. Additionally, H310Y abolished ‘ball and chain’ inactivation of KV1.2 by KVβ1 subunits, enhancing gain of function. In contrast, p.H310R caused ‘dual loss of function’, diminishing surface levels by multiple impediments to trafficking and inhibiting voltage‐dependent channel opening. We discuss the implications for KV‐channel biogenesis and function, an emergent hotspot for disease‐associated variants, and mechanisms of epileptogenesis.
REE features of arseuian pyrite and vein quartz and their fluid inclusions in the Jinfeng(Lannigou)gold deposit,Guizhou province,China.

The Jinfeng,previously known as the Lannigou,is the largest known Carlin-type gold deposit in the Yunnan-Guizhou- Guangxi triangle area,southwestern China.Arsenian pyrite is the most important Au carrier mineral,and vein quartz is the product of the most marked hydrothermal alteration in the deposit.The two minerals and their fluid inclusions have the same REE features, showing a pronounced LREE/HREE fractionation with LREE/HREE=7.95～31.77 and(La/Yb)_N=8.97～40.49. The LREE shows a fairly pronounced fractionation with(La/Sm)_N=3.20～5.29 and has greatly right-inclined patterns;the HREE fractionation is not pronounced,with(Gd/Yb)_N=1.41～3.35,and the patterns are flat.The negative Eu anomaly is pronounced withδEu=0.59～0.71,and there is a weak negative Ce anomaly withδCe=0.97～0.98. The REE distribution patterns and characteristic values of inclusions in vein quartz,which represent the characteristics of ore-forming fluids,are quite different from those of mantle-derived basic-ultrabasic rocks of regionally different ages but similar to those of country rocks,ores and arsenian pyrite and its inclusions, showing the characteristics of ordinary sedimentary rocks of the upper crust.This indicates that the ore-forming fluids were mainly derived from the crust rather than from the mantle.The negative Eu anomaly suggests a sub-acid(CO_2-rich),reducing ore-forming environment.The weak Ce negative anomaly indicates that hydrothermal ore fluids may have stemmed from basin fluids dominated by sedimentary water and thermodehydration water.
Field strength development of repaired pavement using the recycling technique

The pavement recycling technique is a way to effectively repair damaged pavements. In this study, statistical analysis shows that the field strength is significantly lower than the laboratory strength. The mixing process used in the pavement recycling technique does not significantly affect the field strength reduction, as indicated by the small variation of the field hand-compacted strength (qufh) and the laboratory strength (qu1). The curing conditions do significantly control the field strength development. A factor of safety of 2.0 is recommended for design. The strength development mainly depends on the soil-water/cement ratio (w/C) and curing time regardless of the level of compaction energy. A general strength development model as a function of w/C and curing time is introduced. Only two laboratory strength data from the specimens cured at two different curing times are required in the proposed model. A high accuracy of the strength prediction is reported. This proposed model is a very powerful tool that determines the strength development of cement-stabilized coarse-grained soil after 7 days of curing. It can also be used to determine the correct quantity of cement to be stabilized for different field mixing water contents, compaction energies and curing times.
DIURNAL AND SEASONAL VARIATION IN METHANE AND NITROUS OXIDE FLUXES IN MEADOW STEPPE OF INNER MONGOLIA

Temperate and tropical oxic soils usually exhibit low levels of atmospheric CH 4 oxidation, which are estimated to consume about 10% of the atmospheric CH 4. It has been reported that the semi_arid grasslands represent a significant global sink for CH 4 and a source of atmospheric N 2O. However, the spatial and temporal variability of methane is usually very high which may result in the uncertainty of the ecosystem’s function in the exchange of greenhouse between ecosystem and atmosphere. In order to help define the possible range of emission of N 2O and CH 4 from temperate grassland of Inner Mongolia, diurnal variation in fluxes of methane and nitrous oxide in meadow steppe in the Xilin River basin were investigated with static_chamber and GC methods on June 1, July 2, August 3 and September 1 of 1998. Suitable sampling time was also discussed with the data of diurnal variation investigation. The native meadow steppe can act as a source of atmospheric N 2O but a sink of CH 4 in which the fluxes of the two greenhouse gases had obvious diurnal variation. ANOVA results showed that there was significant difference for the fluxes of N 2O in the four months(F=6.359, p0.004), ranging between 0.282-2.134 μg N 2O_N·m -2·h -1. These background emission rates were typically similar to those in other temperate grasslands. The diurnal mean uptake rates of methane were (-52.19±19.67), (-27.20±10.57), (-126.05±9.32) and (-16.45±1.31) μg CH 4 C·m -2·h -1 for the four months respectively, which has a trend of “high_low_high_low” from the end of May through the beginning of September. The methane uptake rates were similar to those in the Colorado short_grass steppe, averaging 31.2 μg CH 4_C·m -2·h -1, compared with varieties of temperate ecosystems. It was proved that selecting 9∶00-13∶00 as sampling time for each sampling day is suitable in Xilin River basin according to the diurnal variation measurement.
FOSSIL MARINE VERTEBRATES FROM THE LOWERMOST GREENHORN LIMESTONE (UPPER CRETACEOUS: MIDDLE CENOMANIAN) IN SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO

Abstract Fossiliferous deposits of the Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous) are found on the Comanche National Grassland in southeastern Colorado. The lowest portion of the Greenhorn Limestone, the base of the Lincoln Limestone Member, contains calcarenite beds rich in disarticulated remains of marine vertebrates. We examined the composition of the vertebrate paleofauna from one particular location (Tobe locality) through surface collecting and acid solution of rocks. The paleofauna is taxonomically diverse, consisting of 22 chondrichthyans, at least 15 osteichthyan fishes, and six aquatic reptiles. Molluscan taxa indicate that the basal Lincoln Limestone in southeastern Colorado was deposited sometime between middle Middle Cenomanian (ca. 95 Ma) and late Middle Cenomanian (ca. 94.7 Ma), and the composition of the vertebrate fauna (primarily chondrichthyan taxa) agrees with this interpretation. The Tobe locality was situated far from the shorelines of the Western Interior Seaway, with relatively high-energy waves impinging upon the seafloor, concentrating biogenic remains. Fossil remains within the calcarenite appear to have undergone minor time-averaging, based upon erosional rounding and breakage present in numerous specimens. Nevertheless, the deposit contains one of the best representative Middle Cenomanian vertebrate communities so far described from the Western Interior Seaway of North America. Considering that the paleofauna consists of taxa diverse in size, morphology, and inferred ecology, the trophic structure of the paleocommunity was probably complex.