Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal gradient characteristics of automatic neural representation for orthographic consistency in Chinese characters

Visual word processing involves the automatic decoding of orthographic, phonological and semantic information. The mappings of these information in a writing system comprise an important feature of visual words: orthographic regularity and consistency. Recent electroencephalography (EEG) studies have investigated the automatic processing mechanism of orthographic regularity (i.e., words vs. pseudowords) among visual words. However, the automated mechanism and temporal dynamics of different types of orthographic consistency effects (e.g., orthographic positional consistency, orthography-to-phonology consistency vs. orthography-to-semantics consistency) have never been studied. This study explored automatic neural representation for orthographic consistency effects in visual words and its temporal dynamics through an oddball paradigm. Three types of oddball sequences were designed with Chinese characters as stimuli, including consistent Chinese characters as standard stimuli and three types of inconsistent characters (orthographic positional inconsistent, orthography-to-phonology inconsistent vs. orthography-to-semantics inconsistent) as deviant stimuli, respectively. Significant visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) activities were observed in all three types of inconsistent characters, which suggests automatic processing caused by orthographic consistency violations. Time-resolved representational similarity analysis (RSA) further revealed that there are different temporal dynamics of automatic neural representations for the three types of consistency features. The representation of positional consistency emerged earlier within an independent time window, while the representation of phonetic and semantic consistency emerged later, and partially overlapped. These findings provide novel insights for the temporal gradient characteristics of automated representation structure of orthography consistency information.
A Cyclotron Theory for the Beaming Pattern of Jupiter’s Decametric Radio Emission

Ground-based observations of Jupiter’s decametric radio emission (DAM) have been reviewed by Ellis (1965), Warwick (1967, 1970) and Carr and Gulkis (1969). A startling feature of DAM is the modulating effect of Io, and interpretation of the Io effect has dominated theoretical discussions of DAM until quite recently, specifically until the fly-by s of Voyagers 1 and 2. The Voyager data showed that the DAM appears as nested arcs in the frequency-Jovian longitude plane (Warwick et al. 1979, Boischot et al. 1981). The interpretation of this arc structure has been of primary theoretical interest over the past two years. The most widely adopted explanation is that the emission from each point is confined to the surface of a hollow cone (Goldstein and Thieman 1981). This idea is not new: emission on the surface of a cone was discussed by Ellis and McCulloch (1963); Dulk (1967) derived detailed parameters for the cone (half angle 79° width 1°) from the occurrence pattern of DAM; and Goldreich and Lynden-Bell (1969) presented a theoretical interpretation of it. More recently Goldstein et al. (1979) used observational data on the Jovian magnetic field in deriving properties of the required emission cone. It seems that one requires the properties of the emission cone to vary with position in the Jovian magnetosphere to account for the nested arc pattern (Goldstein and Thieman 1981; Gurnett and Goertz 1981).
Computational analysis of hypersonic flows past elliptic-cone waveriders

A comprehensive study for the inviscid numerical calculation of the hypersonic flow past a class of elliptic-cone derived waveriders is presented. The theoretical background associated with hypersonic small-disturbance theory (HSDT) is reviewed. Several approximation formulas for the waverider compression surface are established. A CFD algorithm is used to calculate flow fields for the on-design case and a variety of off-design cases. The results are compared with HSDT, experiment, and other available CFD results. For the waverider shape used in previous investigations, the bow shock for the on-design condition stands off from the leading-edge tip of the waverider. It was found that this occurs because the tip was too thick according to the approximating shape formula that was used to describe the compression surface. When this was corrected, the bow shock became closer to attached as it should be. At Mach numbers greater than the design condition, a lambda-shock configuration develops near the tip of the compression surface. At negative angles of attack, other complicated shock patterns occur near the leading-edge tip. These heretofore unknown flow patterns show the power and utility of CFD for investigating novel hypersonic configurations such as waveriders.
Entangled Neural Networks from Multi-fold Universes to Biology

: In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from Entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles, that they be real or virtual. Long range, massless gravity results from entanglement of massless virtual particles. Entanglement of massive virtual particles leads to massive gravity contributions at very smalls scales. Multi-folds mechanisms also result into a spacetime that is discrete, with a random walk fractal structure and non-commutative geometry that is Lorentz invariant and where spacetime nodes and particles can be modeled with microscopic black holes. All these recover General relativity at large scales, and semi-classical model remain valid till smaller scale than usually expected. Gravity can therefore be added to the Standard Model. This can contribute to resolving several open issues with the Standard Model without new Physics other than gravity. These considerations hints at a even stronger relationship between gravity and the Standard Model. and how NN. only just NN can emulate NN universe, but also it can provide new tools for AI, and new approaches to NNs, shallow or deep. It validates our multi-fold models and offer models for biological neurological models.
Correctional Medical Care for Female Prisoners: Legal Issues Surrounding Inadequate Treatment of Chronic angi;Correctional Medical Care for Female Prisoners: Legal Issues Surrounding Inadequate Treatment of Chronic and/or Preexisting Health Conditions =~ sor Preexisting Health Conditions

Research shows incarcerated women suffer more chronic and/or preexisting health conditions than their male counterparts. Through the lens of federal court litigation pursuant to Title 42 U.S. Code Section 1983, this article discusses women who brought legal challenges, questioning the adequacy of correctional medical care rendered to their chronic and preexisting health conditions. Case law reveals several trends, including multiple disease comorbidities, malingering, medication administration, free-world specialty care, diagnostic and treatment limitations, and mental illness. The article concludes with policy implications, suggestions for future research, and recommendations for accelerated research on the chronic and/or preexisting health conditions of female prisoners.
HE P HYSIOLOGICAL E COLOGY OF B ATS IN S EQUOIA AND K INGS C ANYON N

the of ( Myotis mass=4.5 ± g) by the Bats were captured with mist nets and harp traps placed across paths, across the in a at South Fire severity surrounding the from 1 according to the Rapid Assessment after Wildfire (RAVG) data. All severities were present in
Dimensional Reduction of Supersymmetric Gauge Theories

Main objective of the present dissertation is the investigation for all the possible low energy models which emerge in four dimensions by the dimensional reduction of a gauge theory over multiple connected coset spaces. The higher dimensional gauge theory is chosen to be the one that the Heterotic string theory suggests: (i) it is defined in ten dimensions, (ii) it is based on the E(8) x E(8) symmetry group and (iii) it is N=1 globally supersymmetric. The search of all four-dimensional gauge theories resulting from the aforementioned dimensional reduction, is restricted only to models which are potentially interesting from a phenomenological point of view. This requirement constrain these models to come from one of the known Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) in an intermediate stage of the spontaneous symmetry breaking. Main result of my study is that extensions of the Standard Model (SM) which are based on the Pati-Salam group structure can be obtained in four dimensions. I furthermore review some interesting noncommutative generalizations of the above ideas and verify an important conclusion of a previous research work, namely that the particle physics models resulting from this particular dimensional reduction are renormalizable. Finally, assuming noncommutative characteristics for the four-dimensional Minkowski space, M^{4}, I examine a particular approach of noncommutative gravity. It turns out that the Ricci curvature tensor receives non-trivial contributions due to the noncommutative structure of the algebra describing the space, This conclusion suggests a possible fundamental connection between the noncommutative geometry and the theory of gravity.
Attention assessment in cocaine users in Psychosocial Support Center

Objective : to evaluate attentional impairment in cocaine users when compared to a control group, as well as identify and describe sociodemographic data, cocaine abuse and/or dependence in a sample of university students and patients of a Psychosocial Support Center. Method : A descriptive study with a quantitative approach. A total of 25 people participated in the research, 15 from the control group and ten from the experimental group. Instruments were used to measure attention (Psychological Battery for Attention Assessment) and the instrument to measure what types of substances had already been used by the subjects (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test), outlining the research to be more objective. Results : attentional impairment caused by cocaine use was perceived in the user population compared to the control group. Conclusion : this study allows the possibility to reflect on the damage caused by the use of cocaine and opens new perspectives for the discovery of other harms of the use of the same drug.
of psychoactive substances by parents and relationships with children: an integrative literature review

Objective : to describe the impact of parenting by psychoactive substance users on the mental health and development of their children. Method : this is an integrative literature review 2020. Studies were selected whose theme investigated the influence of parenting on the development and mental health of children. The exclusion criteria were articles that approached the theme tangentially, such as the behavior of parents regarding the use of substances by their children. Results : five articles were selected that addressed elements of parenting that influence the development of mental disorders in children. The negligent parenting style was related to negative consequences in the lives of children, especially because it is associated, in most cases, with substance abuse. Conclusion : it was found that parenting style can directly influence the lives of children, leading to a problem in mental health and development, especially through lack of care, abandonment by parents, and decreased school performance. Pais-Filho; transtornos mentais; desenvolvimento infantil; pais; crianças; transtornos reativos; convívio e cuidadores; sofrimento mental; caregivers; in abuso de sustancias psicoactivas; desordenes mentales; desarrollo infantil; padres; niño; trastornos reactivos; socialidad e convívio; sufrimiento mental; infância; hijos adultos
A generalization of the Lefschetz fixed point theorem and detection of chaos

We consider the problem of existence of fixed points of a continuous map f X -* X in (possibly) noninvariant subsets. A pair (C, E) of subsets of X induces a map f t: C/E -* C/E given by ft([x]) = [f(x)] if x, f(x) e C \ E and ft ([x]) = [E] elsewhere. The following generalization of the Lefschetz fixed point theorem is proved: If X is metrizable, C and E are compact ANRs, and ft is continuous, then f has a fixed point in C \ E provided the Lefschetz number of H* (ft) is nonzero. Actually, we prove an extension of that theorem to the case of a composition of maps. We apply it to a result on the existence of an invariant set of a homeomorphism such that the dynamics restricted to that set is chaotic.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Health Care Workers of Trieste (North-Eastern Italy), 1 October 2020–7 February 2022: Occupational Risk and the Impact of the Omicron Variant

Vaccination coverage against COVID-19 among health care workers (HCWs) of the University Health Agency Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI) of Trieste (North-eastern Italy) by 1 January 2022 was 90.4% with at least one vaccine dose, 84.9% with at least 2 doses, and 75.1% with 3 doses, 98.2% with Comirnaty (Pfizer BioNtech, New York, NY, USA) versus 1.8% with Spikevax (Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA). From 1 October 2020 to 7 February 2022, 1652 SARS-CoV-2 infections were notified in HCWs of ASUGI Trieste. Although the overall risk of SARS-CoV-2 contagion increased over time, the rate of occupational infections progressively declined, from 42.5% during the second COVID-19 wave to 15.6% in the fifth. Between 1 January–7 February 2022 (a period dominated by the Omicron variant), albeit no COVID-19-associated hospitalizations were recorded in HCWs of ASUGI Trieste, 669 SARS-CoV-2 infections were counted against 367 cases observed from 1 October to 31 December 2020, the 3 months preceding the implementation of the vaccination campaign against COVID-19. Job tasks and health care settings turned out to be the most significant risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the effect of workplace prevailed over job task on the biological risk, with greater rates of SARS-CoV-2 infections observed among HCWs operating in areas with higher levels of circulation of the virus, particularly COVID-19 dedicated units.
Trends in Ancient Populations’ Osteobiography during the Holocene: the Levantine Perspective

The rapid changes in our surroundings during the Holocene challenge the human body. The current study, carried out on the terminal Pleistocene-Holocene populations of the Levant, presents several examples of how changes in the habitation and diet have affected the disease patterns and the gross morphology of long bones and mandibles. Our major findings were that the prehistoric Natufian (67%) and the protohistoric Chalcolithic (80%) populations exhibited a much higher rate of ear inflammation (otitis media) than all other populations: Neolithic, Roman/Byzantine, and Ottoman (50% ± 5%). A general continuous significant decrease in the relative femoral bone cortical area from the Natufian (77.8%) to present times (64.7%) was noticed (the Chalcolithic population was the exception). Mandibular shape has changed considerably, mainly between the pre-agricultural population (the Natufian) and the succeeding ones (i.e., the ramus became taller and narrower, the coronoid higher and pointed, the mandibular notch narrower and deeper, and the body more triangular). Possible behavioral, economic, and environmental factors associated with these changes are discussed. (50 % ± 5 %). Une diminution générale continue et significative de la surface corticale relative de l’os fémoral entre le Natoufien (77,8 %) et l’époque actuelle (64,7 %) a pu être observée (la population chalcolithique étant l’exception). La forme de la mandibule a considérablement changé, principalement entre la population pré-agricole (le Natoufien) et les suivantes (c.-à-d., le ramus est devenu plus grand et plus étroit, le processus coronoïde plus haut et plus pointu, l’encoche mandibulaire plus étroite et plus profonde et le corps plus triangulaire). Les facteurs comportementaux, économiques et environnementaux possibles associés à ces changements sont discutés.
Drugs for Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy: Current Knowledge and Way Forward

Malaria infection during pregnancy is an important driver of maternal and neonatal health in endemic countries. Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is recommended for malaria prevention at each scheduled antenatal care visit, starting at the second trimester, in areas of high and moderate transmission. However, the increased resistance to SP in some endemic areas challenges its effectiveness. Furthermore, SP is contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy and in HIV-infected women on co-trimoxazole prophylaxis due to potential drug–drug interactions. Thus, in recent last decades, several studies evaluated alternative drugs that could be used for IPTp. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to summarize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of antimalarial drugs being evaluated for IPTp. Chloroquine, amodiaquine, mefloquine and azithromycin as IPTp have proven to be worse tolerated than SP. Mefloquine was found to increase the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Dihydroartemisin-piperaquine currently constitutes the most promising IPTp drug alternative; it reduced the prevalence of malaria infection, and placental and clinical malaria in studies among HIV-uninfected women, and it is currently being tested in HIV-infected women. Research on effective antimalarial drugs that can be safely administered for prevention to pregnant women should be prioritized. Malaria prevention in the first trimester of gestation and tailored interventions for HIV-infected women remain key research gaps to be addressed.
#lets-discuss: Analyzing Student Affect in Course Forums Using Emoji

Emoji are commonly used in social media to convey attitudes and emotions. While popular, their use in educational contexts has been sparsely studied. This paper reports on the students’ use of emoji in an online course forum in which students annotate and discuss course material in the margins of the online textbook. For this study, instructors created 11 custom emoji-hashtag pairs that enabled students to quickly communicate affects and reactions in the forum that they experienced while interacting with the course material. Example reporting includes, inviting discussion about a topic, declaring a topic as interesting, or requesting assistance about a topic. We analyze emoji usage by over 1,800 students enrolled in multiple offerings of the same course across multiple academic terms. The data show that some emoji frequently appear together in posts associated with the same paragraphs, suggesting that students use the emoji in this way to communicating complex affective states. We explore the use of computational models for predicting emoji at the post level, even when posts are lacking emoji. This capability can allow instructors to infer information about students’ affective states during their ”at home”interactions with course readings. Finally, we show that partitioning the emoji into distinct groups, rather than trying to predict individual emoji, can be both of pedagogical value to instructors and improve the predictive performance of our approach using the BERT language model. Our procedure can be generalized to other courses and for the benefit of other instructors.
Evaluating Gaming Detector Model Robustness Over Time

Research into "gaming the system" behavior in intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) has been around for almost two decades, and detection has been developed for many ITSs. Machine learning models can detect this behavior in both real-time and in historical data. However, intelligent tutoring system designs often change over time, in terms of the design of the student interface, assessment models, and data collection log schemas. Can gaming detectors still be trusted, a decade or more after they are developed? In this research, we evaluate the robustness/degradation of gaming detectors when trained on older data logs and evaluated on current data logs. We demonstrate that some machine learning models developed using past data are still able to predict gaming behavior from student data collected 16 years later, but that there is considerable variance in how well different algorithms perform over time. We demonstrate that a classic decision tree algorithm maintained its performance while more contemporary algorithms struggled to transfer to new data, even though they exhibited better performance on unseen students in both New and Old data sets by themselves. Examining the feature importance values provides some explanation for the differences in performance between models, and offers some insight into how we might safeguard against detector rot over time.
The Inﬂuences of Service Quality and Individual Characteristics on Vocational Training Effectiveness

: With the rapid change of the industrial environment and social development, vocational training must be constantly updated in accordance with these changes, and combine and expand the use of civilian training resources to increase vocational training pipelines and enhance compet-itiveness. Thus, vocational training organizations play an important role in the function of future labor force development and the sustainability of education. The purpose of this study is to explore the inﬂuences of training organizations’ service quality and trainees’ individual characteristics on the effectiveness of the vocational training. The study employed Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model to measure the unemployed effectiveness of the vocational training and the SERVQUAL to quantity the service quality of the vocational training organization. A questionnaire survey was conducted at a vocational training organization for beauty and hairdressing in Taiwan. This study distributed 479 questionnaires and obtained 216 valid samples. The data was analyzed by using the reliability analysis, descriptive analysis, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results revealed that training organizations’ service quality and trainees’ personal characteristics signiﬁcantly positively affect training effectiveness for trainees. This paper serves as a reference for training organizations and policy makers to improve and monitor the service quality of vocational training organizations, elevate training effectiveness, and achieve the sustainability of vocational educations.
Characterizing joint attention dynamics during collaborative problem-solving in an immersive astronomy simulation

The complex and dynamic nature of collaboration makes it challenging to find indicators of productive learning and quality collaboration. This exploratory study developed a collaboration metric to capture temporal patterns of joint attention (JA) based on log files generated as students interacted with an immersive astronomy simulation using augmented reality headsets and tablets. JA is defined as the ability to coordinate attention, which thus plays an important role in collaborative problem-solving to build the common ground for knowledge co-construction. We first developed a JA metric consisting of six distinct but closely relevant states as a measure of the collaboration process. We then conducted descriptive statistics to compare frequency and temporal pattern of JA states across three learning performance groups. Our results showed that high-learning-gain groups demonstrated visual coordination behaviors more frequently and utilized this collaboration strategy in the early stage. We then investigated sequences of these JA states, focusing on one key behavior: long and consistent shared view as a proxy for collaboration. This sequential analysis revealed two different collaboration profiles: attention follow-leader and turn takers, suggesting the existence of asymmetrical participation. Our findings indicate the potential of JA metric to predict overall collaboration quality, identify undesirable collaboration behaviors, and serve as an early warning to provide just-in-time guidance.