Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pattern of severe malaria with special reference to Plasmodium vivax in pediatric population of the most aspirational region of North India

Introduction: Malaria is one of the major life-threatening health problems in most of the tropical countries. Children are the most vulnerable group accounting for 67% of all malaria-associated deaths worldwide. Southern Haryana is typically endemic for malaria. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to describe the clinical presentation of complicated malaria and correlate clinical complications with malarial species. Materials and Methods: It was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Microbiology along with Department of Pediatrics, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nalhar, Nuh, Haryana. A total of 100 children with severe malaria admitted in the pediatric ward, confirmed by peripheral blood smear and rapid diagnostic test, were included. Results: Out of 100 cases admitted, majority were due to Plasmodium vivax (73%), followed by mixed (18%) and Plasmodium falciparum (9%) infection. Children below 5 years were more infected (57%). Male preponderance was seen (55%). Fever was the most common symptom observed (95%). Pallor was the most common sign observed (85%). Among severity parameters, the most common were severe anemia (41%), jaundice (17%), abnormal bleeding (17%), convulsions (15%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (7%). The case fatality rate was 3%. Conclusion: P. vivax was previously known to cause benign malaria. The present study found that P. vivax mono-infection can cause severe malaria in children and should no longer be considered as benign malaria.
Interactive comment on “ Formulation of an ocean model for global climate simulations ” by S

There is a relatively mature literature detailing methods for removing the spherical coordinate singularity from the Arctic Ocean. Papers by [Deleersnijder et al.(1993)], [Coward et al.(1994)], [Eby and Holloway(1994)], [Smith et al.(1995)], [Murray(1996)], [Madec and Imbard(1996)], [Bentsen et al.(1999)], [Murray and Reason(2002)], [Marsland et al.(2003)], and [Roberts et al.(2005)] provide various options, present simulation comparisons, and detail various coordinate choices. Our conclusion
Accommodating Taste Variations in Tourist Satisfaction Analysis

It has been indicated that tourists’ satisfactions with each component of the destination have significant, positive, and direct effects on overall satisfaction. However, the existing researches have not satisfactorily represented individual heterogeneity in tourist satisfaction analysis. It is expected that the levels of importance attached to each component will vary across different tourists. To accommodate such kind of taste variations, this study employs the ordered probit model with random effect parameters to investigate the influence of component satisfaction on overall satisfaction. The model is applied to analyze tourist satisfaction in Kyusyu, Chugoku and Shikoku regions of Japan. The empirical results confirm the existence of taste variations in tourists’ valuation of three components, namely tourism resource, transportation system and supporting facilities. The finding has important practical implications for both destination management and policy making.
of Women ’ s Health Vitamin D nutrition in pregnancy : current opinion

Correspondence: Adekunle Dawodu Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2048, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA Tel +1 513 636 1966 Fax +1 513 636 8055 Email adekunle.dawodu@cchmc.org Abstract: There is increasing interest in vitamin D nutrition during pregnancy because of widespread reports of a high prevalence of low vitamin D status in pregnant women. While vitamin D is important for calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and for bone health, it also plays important roles in many other physiologic functions in the body. Consistent with the expanded role of vitamin D, recent observational studies have demonstrated that low vitamin D status in pregnancy is associated with multiple potential adverse maternal, fetal, and infant outcomes and contributes to low vitamin D status in infants at birth. Therefore, an overview of the current understanding of vitamin D nutrition in pregnancy and a review of the results of studies to optimize vitamin D status during pregnancy and in the offspring is of public health importance and timely.
Characteristics of Adult Sepsis Patients in the Intensive Care Units in a Tertiary Hospital in Jordan: An Observational Study

Sepsis is a global health issue that is commonly encountered in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Available data regarding sepsis in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is lacking compared to higher income countries, especially using updated sepsis definitions. The lack of recent data on sepsis in Jordan prompted us to investigate the burden of sepsis among Jordanian ICU patients. We conducted a prospective cohort study at Jordan University Hospital, a tertiary teaching hospital in the capital, Amman. All adult patients admitted to the adult ICUs between June 2020 and January 2021 were included in the study. Patients' clinical and demographic data, comorbidities, ICU length of stay (LOS), medical interventions, microbiological findings, and mortality rate were studied. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data from patients with and without sepsis. We observed 194 ICU patients during the study period; 45 patients (23.3%) were diagnosed with sepsis using the Sepsis-3 criteria. Mortality rate and median ICU LOS in patients who had sepsis were significantly higher than those in other ICU patients (mortality rate, 57.8% vs. 6.0%, p value < 0.001, resp., and LOS 7 days vs. 4 days, p value < 0.001, resp.). Additionally, sepsis patients had a higher combined number of comorbidities (2.27 ± 1.51 vs. 1.27 ± 1.09, p value < 0.001). The use of mechanical ventilation, endotracheal intubation, and blood transfusions were all significantly more common among sepsis patients. A causative organism was isolated in 68.4% of sepsis patients with a prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria in 77.1% of cases. While the occurrence of sepsis in the ICU in Jordan is comparable to other regions in the world, the mortality rate of sepsis patients in the ICU remains high. Further studies from LMIC are required to reveal the true burden of sepsis globally.
Running head : CONTINGENCY LEARNING 1 Contingency Learning Tracks with Stimulus-Response Proportion : No Evidence of Misprediction Costs

We investigate the processes involved in human contingency learning using the colour-word contingency learning paradigm. In this task, participants respond to the print colour of neutral words. Each word is frequently presented in one colour. Results show that participants respond faster and more accurately to words presented in their expected colour. In Experiment 1, we observed better performance for high relative to medium frequency wordcolour pairs, and for medium relative to low frequency pairs. Within the medium frequency condition, it did not matter whether the word was predictive of a currently-unpresented colour, or the colour was predictive of a currently-unpresented word. We conclude that a given word facilitates each potential response proportional to how often they co-occurred. In contrast, there was no evidence for costs associated with violations of high-frequency expectancies. Experiment 2 further introduced a novel word baseline condition, which also provided no evidence for competition between retrieved responses.
Suitability of Bamboo as an Energy Resource: Analysis of Bamboo Combustion Values Dependent on the Culm’s Age

Abstract Bamboo has gained increasing attention, especially due to its fast growth and its versatile utilization. It is used by millions of people in their daily lives and is a resource for timber, pulp and paper, and for food industries—not only in Asia. So far, the bio-energy sector has shown only marginal interest in bamboo, whose energetic properties are less intensively studied than its physical properties. This paper presents physical and chemical properties of two bamboo species—Phyllostachys pubescens and Bambusa emeiensis—for energy recovery. Both species were tested on calorific value, moisture, ash and chloride content in dependence on the culm’s age, and the sample’s position along the culm. Furthermore, the sustainable biomass potential from bamboo stands for energetic utilization of Phyllostachys pubescens was assessed. The obtained results show that both bamboo species have a potential for energy recovery and are essentially suitable to be used as an energy source for combustion. Compared to woody biomass, both species show similar calorific values and only slightly higher chloride and ash contents.
Effect of hydraulic parameters on sediment transport capacity in overland flow over erodible beds

Sediment transport is an important component of the soil erosion process, which depends on several hydraulic parameters like unit discharge, mean flow velocity, and slope gradient. In most of the previous studies, the impact of these hydraulic parameters on transport capacity was studied for non-erodible bed conditions. Hence, this study aimed to examine the influence of unit discharge, mean flow velocity and slope gradient on sediment transport capacity for erodible beds and also to investigate the relationship between transport capacity and composite force predictors, i.e. shear stress, stream power, unit stream power and effective stream power. In order to accomplish the objectives, experiments were carried out in a 3.0 m long and 0.5 m wide flume using four well sorted sands (0.230, 0.536, 0.719, 1.022 mm). Unit discharges ranging from 0.07 to 2.07 × 10 −3 m 2 s −1 were simulated inside the flume at four slopes (5.2, 8.7, 13.2 and 17.6%) to analyze their impact on sediment transport rate. The sediment transport rate measured at the bottom end of the flume by taking water and sediment samples was considered equal to sediment transport capacity, because the selected flume length of 3.0 m was found sufficient to reach the transport capacity. The experimental result reveals that the slope gradient has a stronger impact on transport capacity than unit discharge and mean flow velocity due to the fact that the tangential component of gravity force increases with slope gradient. Our results show that unit stream power is an optimal composite force predictor for estimating transport capacity. Stream power and effective stream power can also be successfully related to the transport capacity, however the relations are strongly dependent on grain size. Shear stress showed poor performance, because part of shear stress is dissipated by bed irregularities, bed form evolution and sediment detachment. An empirical transport capacity equation was derived, which illustrates that transport capacity can be predicted from median grain size, total discharge and slope gradient.
Qualitative Research Methodology in Social Sciences and Related Subjects

This literature review paper discusses the proper use of qualitative research methodology to discuss several aspects of the research for the improvement of the skill of the readers. During the last few decades, the use of qualitative research has been increased in many institutions. It can be used to explore several areas of human behavior for the development of organizations. The purpose of this study is to provide inspirations to the new researchers for the development of their qualitative articles. The paper analyzes the design of qualitative research giving some methodological suggestions to make it explicable to the reader. In this paper an attempt has been taken to study the background of the qualitative research methodology in social sciences and some other related subjects, along with the importance, and main features of the study.
SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGES AND THINNING ACTIVITIES: A TREE-RING STUDY FROM SOUTH-EAST RILA MOUNTAIN, BULGARIA

As a result of the study, the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) local chronology in ‘Vasil Serafimov’ Ecological Station (Southeast Rila Mountains, Bulgaria) was extended with 21 years, till 2008. A significant relationship (α < 0.01) was ascertained between tree-growth indices (ITR) of the Scots pine and precipitation indices (IP), temperature indices (IT) and presence of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) understorey (SU). Initially, pine decreased its radial growth rate as a consequence of the drought started in 1993. Removal of Spruce understorey in the middle of the dry period (1995), however, positively influenced Scots pine radial growth since 1997. The cooler and wetter years from 2001 to the end of the studied period resulted in increased growth rate for the pine.
Using principal component analysis to understand the variability of PDS 456

We present a spectral-variability analysis of the low-redshift quasar PDS 456 using principal component analysis. In the XMM-Newton data, we find a strong peak in the first principal component at the energy of the Fe absorption line from the highly blueshifted outflow. This indicates that the absorption feature is more variable than the continuum, and that it is responding to the continuum. We find qualitatively different behaviour in the Suzaku data, which is dominated by changes in the column density of neutral absorption. In this case, we find no evidence of the absorption produced by the highly ionized gas being correlated with this variability. Additionally, we perform simulations of the source variability, and demonstrate that PCA can trivially distinguish between outflow variability correlated, anti-correlated, and un-correlated with the continuum flux. Here, the observed anti-correlation between the absorption line equivalent width and the continuum flux may be due to the ionization of the wind responding to the continuum. Finally, we compare our results with those found in the narrow-line Seyfert 1 IRAS 13224-3809. We find that the Fe K UFO feature is sharper and more prominent in PDS 456, but that it lacks the lower energy features from lighter elements found in IRAS 13224-3809, presumably due to differences in ionization.
Static and Dynamic Millimeter-Wave Channel Measurements at 60 GHz in a Conference Room

In this work, we present an empirical study of the characteristics of the radio channel at 60 GHz for an indoor environment. The measurement campaign is conducted in a conference room scenario and the propagation properties are evaluated and analysed. The wideband channel sounding equipment is utilized in the channel evaluation. First, the static measurement results are presented for various transmitter positions in the conference room. Moreover, we present the measurement results of the channel impulse response for the case when there are several people randomly moving in the room. It is well known, that human blockage can severely attenuate the signal and, hence, the strongest reflected paths can be used for communication. The analysis of the path loss is presented for the dynamically changing environment.
Parents’ Management of Privacy Turbulence Surrounding Private, Adoption-Related Information in Transracial, Internationally Adoptive Families

ABSTRACT Parents (N = 166) in transracial, international adoptive (TIA) families with children from China or Vietnam were surveyed to investigate their experiences with privacy turbulence surrounding the family’s private, adoption-related information. About half described at least one instance of privacy turbulence, with a total of 98 instances. The instances included examples of all six types of privacy turbulence described in Communication Privacy Management theory, but two of those types, namely boundary rule mistakes and boundary definition predicaments, accounted for 90% of the instances of turbulence. Evidence of explicit rules and catalyst criteria for rule formation in the turbulence descriptions suggest ways that TIA parents might be able to avoid or manage privacy turbulence.
Adoption of artificial intelligence in banking services: an empirical analysis

PurposeThis study aims to understand the importance and challenges of adopting artificial intelligence (AI) in the banking industry in Malaysia and examine the factors that are important in investigating consumers' intention to adopt AI in banking services.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative research was carried out using in-depth interviews from officials in the baking industry to understand the importance and challenges of adopting AI in the banking industry. In the quantitative study, a total of 302 completed questionnaires were received from Malaysian banking customers. The data were analysed using the SmartPLS 3.0 software to identify the important predictors of their intention to adopt AI.FindingsThe qualitative results reveal that AI is an essential tool for fraud detection and risk prevention. The absence of regulatory requirements, data privacy and security, and lack of relevant skills and IT infrastructure are significant challenges of AI adoption. The quantitative results indicate that attitude towards AI, perceived usefulness, perceived risk, perceived trust, and subjective norms significantly influence intention to adopt AI in banking services while perceived ease of use and awareness do not. The results also show that attitude towards AI significantly mediates the relationship between perceived usefulness and intention to adopt AI in banking services.Practical implicationsFinancial technology (FinTech) is regarded as a critical determinant of strategic planning in the banking industry. While AI provides various disruptive opportunities in the FinTech space in terms of data collection, analysis, safeguarding and streamlining processes, it also poses a sea of threats to incumbent banks. This study provides vital insights for the policymakers of the banking industry to address the challenges of adopting AI in banking. It also provides the important predictors of the bank customers' intention to adopt AI in banking services. Policymakers can devise their strategies to enhance AI adoption considering the facts.Originality/valueThis study is amongst the pioneer in exploring the importance and potential challenges in implementing AI technology in banking services and identifying the essential factors influencing the intention to adopt AI in Malaysia's banking services.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire across Three European Countries

The aim of this study was to extend the psychometric evaluation of the Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ) by assessing the factor structure across three countries from Central and Eastern Europe. The sample included 1809 students from Slovakia, Lithuania and Hungary. Based on an initial confirmative factor analysis, a 2-factor structure by Neal and Carey (2005) was confirmed in the Lithuanian sample. Next, exploratory factor analyses were used on the Slovak and Hungarian subsamples separately. For both national subsamples, a very similar four factor solution was found, which was confirmed by confirmatory factor analyses on the rest of the data. Despite the reduced number of items, the abridged scale did not suffer in terms of its internal reliability and thus provides an adequate approximation of self-regulation levels as the entire scale or as the scale with the proposed 4-factor solution.
Consumer Inertia and Market Power

We study the pricing decision of firms in the presence of consumer inertia. Inertia can arise from habit formation, brand loyalty, switching costs, or search, and it has important implications for the interpretation of equilibrium outcomes and counterfactual analysis. In particular, consumer inertia affects the scope of market power. We show that the effects of competition on prices and profits are non-monotonic in the degree of inertia. Further, a model that omits consumer inertia tends to overstate the marginal effect of competition on price, relative to a benchmark that accounts for consumer dynamics. We develop an empirical model to estimate consumer inertia using aggregate, market-level data. We apply the model to a hypothetical merger of two major retail gasoline companies, and we find that a static model predicts price increases greater than the price increases predicted when accounting for dynamics.
Finance, Uncertainty and Investment: Assessing the Gains and Losses of a Generalized Non Linear Structural Approach Using Belgian Panel Data

Using panel data for 2,329 Belgian firms observed between 1985 and 1999, this paper aims at getting a better understanding of Belgian firms' investment behavior. Two main and interrelated topics are investigated: the link between financial structure and investment decision, on the one hand, the effect of uncertainty on the level of investment, on the other hand. Such research sets forth the effect of some key variables, both in terms of level and volatility. The study is conducted within a structural approach but reduced form equations are also estimated. A generalised dynamic effect is investigated by introducing adjustment costs related through time. From that study, it clearly appears that small firms and high debt level firms are more sensitive to interest rate and cash flow. However, no role for investment price volatility is observed.
Does Spatial Correlation Matter in Econometric Models of Crop Yield Response and Weather

Due to the rapidly growing availability and accessibility of spatially gridded weather data products, significant effort has been devoted to handling weather and climate variables properly in econometric models. It is, however, noteworthy that relatively less econometric attention is paid to how spatial correlation in weather variables and econometric models can be specified and performed. To fill this gap, this study scrutinizes the main source spatial correlation in econometric models of weather and climate variables, and implements in-sample and out-of-sample prediction analyses with spatial panel model specifications of crop yield response function. First, this paper theoretically and empirically demonstrates that the aggregation bias is a main source of spatial correlation rather than omitted weather variables. With soil variables, we specify six competing specifications of crop yield response function with pooled, fixed effects and random effects with spatially robust standard errors. From the results of prediction performances, we demonstrate that the choice of predictor (prediction models) can be motivated from the purpose of models rather than a better prediction performance. In addition, we empirically argue that the omitted socio-economic variables are not a serious econometric concern in crop yield response function of this study.
Toward Understanding Outbound GCC International Tourism: The Role of Expatriates and Institutional Quality

This paper employs the gravity model using panel data analysis techniques to explain the dynamics of tourism outflows from Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries to high-, middle-, and low-income countries. The results show that, among other known variables, immigrants living in the GCC region have rendered a positive advertising impact on outbound tourism destination decisions in GCC citizens. Apart from the immigrant effect, institutional quality in the destination country is a key determinant of outbound GCC tourism.