Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BPR-Net: Balancing Precision and Recall for Infrared Small Target Detection

Most current infrared small target detection methods attempt to fuse local and global information by using single-scale inputs and creating a multiscale feature pyramid during network feeding forward. Further to this, our research finds that using high-resolution inputs can improve recall, while low-resolution inputs improve precision. Nevertheless, solely focusing on global or local information can result in missing targets and false alarms. To address these issues, we propose the BPR-Net to balance precision and recall via a novel multiscale attention mechanism, which combines semantic and shallow features of multiscale inputs (MS). We first scale the input image into multiple images with varying resolutions and feed them into the network. In the encoder, the scale fusion module (SFM) fuses features from corresponding images of different resolutions. In the decoder, a channel fusion module (CFM) fuses useful information from multiple channels. Furthermore, a wavelet transform cross-layer skip layer (WTL) is employed to enhance the interaction between decoder layers for more effective multiscale feature fusion. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves a balance between recall and precision and yields state-of-the-art performance on challenging benchmarks including Sirst, miss detection versus false alarm (MDvsFA), and small infrared aerial target detection (SIATD). Notably, our approach achieves an F1 score of 0.9409 on the challenging benchmark SIATD, surpassing the state-of-the-art method by 16.7%.
Finite element approximation of sparse parabolic control problems

We study the finite element approximation of an optimal control problem governed by a semilinear partial differential equation and whose objective function includes a term promoting space sparsity of the solutions. We prove existence of solution in the absence of control bound constraints and provide the adequate second order sufficient conditions to obtain error estimates. Full discretization of the problem is carried out, and the sparsity properties of the discrete solutions, as well as error estimates, are obtained.
High-quality RNA extraction and the regulation of genes encoding cellulosomes are correlated with growth stage in anaerobic fungi

Anaerobic fungi produce biomass-degrading enzymes and natural products that are important to harness for several biotechnology applications. Although progress has been made in the development of methods for extracting nucleic acids for genomic and transcriptomic sequencing of these fungi, most studies are limited in that they do not sample multiple fungal growth phases in batch culture. In this study, we establish a method to harvest RNA from fungal monocultures and fungal–methanogen co-cultures, and also determine an optimal time frame for high-quality RNA extraction from anaerobic fungi. Based on RNA quality and quantity targets, the optimal time frame in which to harvest anaerobic fungal monocultures and fungal-methanogen co-cultures for RNA extraction was 2-5 days of growth post-inoculation. When grown on cellulose, the fungal strain Anaeromyces robustus cocultivated with the methanogen Methanobacterium bryantii upregulated genes encoding fungal carbohydrate-active enzymes and other cellulosome components relative to fungal monocultures during this time frame, but expression patterns changed at 24-hour intervals throughout the fungal growth phase. These results demonstrate the importance of establishing methods to extract high-quality RNA from anaerobic fungi at multiple time points during batch cultivation.
Empirical Bayes estimators in hierarchical models with mixture priors

ABSTRACT We consider subgroup analyses within the framework of hierarchical modeling and empirical Bayes (EB) methodology for general priors, thereby generalizing the normal–normal model. By doing this one obtains greater flexibility in modeling. We focus on mixture priors, that is, on the situation where group effects are exchangeable within clusters of subgroups only. We establish theoretical results on accuracy, precision, shrinkage and selection bias of EB estimators under the general priors. The impact of model misspecification is investigated and the applicability of the methodology is illustrated with datasets from the (medical) literature.
COVID-19 Is an Independent Risk Factor for Detrimental Invasive Fungal Disease in Patients on Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Retrospective Study

Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is associated with the mortality of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Several risk factors for IFD have been identified in patients with or without ECMO. Here, we assessed the relevance of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) for the occurrence of IFD in patients on veno-venous (V-V) ECMO for respiratory failure. In a retrospective analysis of all ECMO cases between January 2013 and December 2022 (2020–2022 for COVID-19 patients), active COVID-19 and the type, timing and duration of IFD were investigated. Demographics, hospital, ICU length of stay (LoS), duration of ECMO, days on invasive mechanical ventilation, prognostic scores (Respiratory ECMO Survival Prediction (RESP) score, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS)-10, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS)-II) and length of survival were assessed. The association of COVID-19 with IFD was investigated using propensity score matching and uni- and multivariable logistic regression analyses. We identified 814 patients supported with ECMO, and 452 patients were included in further analyses. The incidence of IFD was 4.8% and 11.0% in patients without and with COVID-19, respectively. COVID-19 status represented an independent risk factor for IFD (OR 4.30; CI 1.72–10.85; p: 0.002; multivariable regression analysis). In patients with COVID-19, 84.6% of IFD was candidemia and 15.4% represented invasive aspergillosis (IA). All of these patients died. In patients on V-V ECMO, we report that COVID-19 is an independent risk factor for IFD, which is associated with a detrimental prognosis. Further studies are needed to investigate strategies of antifungal therapy or prophylaxis in these patients.
Galactic Disk Structure and Metallicity from Mono-age Stellar Populations of LAMOST

Abstract The LAMOST Galactic surveys provide robust stellar atmospheric parameters, abundances, masses and ages of millions of stars, allowing a unprecedented mapping of matter distribution, spatial structure, star formation rate, chemistry and kinematics of the Galaxy. In this proceeding we present structure and metallicity of the Galactic disk revealed by mono-age stellar populations within a few kilo-parsec of the solar neighborhood.
Body mass index and sleep disturbances: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose Overweight and obesity have been common non-communicable diseases in recent years that have far-reaching health effects. This study aimed to study the risk of sleep disturbances based on overweight and obesity using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Views Three sources of scientific information, namely PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, were selected as scientific databases and searched for articles published in English until May 2021. Also, a manual search on related articles was done. The resulting data required a meta-analysis based on odds ratios, which were extracted and then pooled. The odds ratio was calculated based on the random-effects method. Publication bias and the degree of heterogeneity were studied. Twenty-one longitudinal studies were selected for this meta-analysis. The odds ratio (OR) in this association between body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 and sleep disturbances was 1.33 and the confidence interval (CI) was between 1.16-1.51. This OR was 1.12 and CI was between 0.98-1.29 in overweight. The OR was 1.24 and CI was between 1.07-1.44 in obesity. The OR was 1.92 and CI was between 0.89-4.15 in men. The OR was 1.47 and CI was between 1.15-1.89 in women. Publication bias and heterogeneity were evident in the meta-analysis. Conclusions Obesity increases the risk of sleep disturbances in the long term, and both obesity and sleep disturbances have negative effects on health, so it is necessary to develop appropriate interventions to improve obesity.
Theoretical Design of Complex Molecule via Combination of Natural Lawsone and Synthetic Indoline D131 Dyes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Application

The dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been extensively studied due to their low production cost and simple fabrication process. Dye co-sensitization broadens the absorption spectrum of the sensitizer; thus enhances light harvesting efficiency; and contributes to the improvement of the DSSCs overall efficiency. In this study we performed theoretical design of complex molecule (C45H32N2O4) through combination (esterification reaction) of the natural dye lawsone and synthetic metal free indoline dye D131. The excitation energies, vibration spectra, molecular structures, electronic absorption spectra and electron transitions in individual dyes and complex molecule were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) B3LYP5 methods, with 3-21G, 6-31G and 6-31G(d,p) basis sets. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of the individual dyes and their mixture in chloroform solution were measured using spectrophotometer. For the complex formation reaction, enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy were calculated and the results indicated the reaction was endothermic and non-spontaneous. Electron density distribution of the frontier and adjacent molecular orbitals and energy levels alignment were used for analysis of the electronic spectra and mechanism of transitions. The results indicated that the designed complex molecule satisfied the requirements for good photosensitizer of DSSCs.
Cultural diversity in work teams and wellbeing impairments: A stress perspective

It is empirically found that cultural diversity can influence group dynamics and social resources and demands. This study aims to explore if and how the effects of social demands and resources vary across teams of different levels of cultural diversity in the form of team compositions. This study proposes a research model to examine the associations between social demands (i.e., a lack of trust and accountability, misunderstanding and disagreement), social resources (i.e., managerial support and a positive team environment) and wellbeing impairments and empirically tests the model across three different team compositions. The sample is composed of 1049 participants who completed an online survey, working in either monocultural teams (i.e., one nationality only), bicultural teams (i.e., two nationalities), or multicultural teams (i.e., three or more nationalities). Multigroup structural equation modelling (SEM) was adopted to analyze the data and to perform cross-group comparison. The results show that the cultural composition of the team does influence the relationship between social demands and individual team members’ wellbeing. A lack of trust and accountability was found to be a significant predictor of wellbeing impairments in only mono- and bicultural teams, not in multicultural teams. Misunderstanding and disagreement was found to be positively associated with wellbeing impairments only in multicultural work teams, not in bi- or monocultural teams. No differences were found when comparing the effects of social resources on individual team members’ wellbeing between the three different types of teams.
A Stock Price Prediction Method Based on BiLSTM and Improved Transformer

How to maximize shareholder returns has always been a focus of research in the financial field. In order to improve the accuracy and stability of stock price prediction, this article proposes a new method, BiLSTM-MTRAN-TCN. Improve the transformer model and introduce TCN (Temporary Revolution Network) to construct a new transformer model (MTRAN-TCN), making it suitable for stock price prediction. This method consists of BiLSTM (Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory) and MTRAN-TCN, which can fully utilize the advantages of the three models: BiLSTM, transformer and TCN. Transformer is good at obtaining full range distance information, but its ability to capture sequence information is weak. BiLSTM can capture bidirectional information in sequences, while TCN can capture sequence dependencies and improve the model’s generalization ability. Not only did the improvement effect of the transformer and the effectiveness of introducing the BiLSTM model be verified, but the effectiveness of the method was also verified using 5 index stocks and 14 Shanghai and Shenzhen stocks. Compared with other existing methods in the literature, this method has the best fit on each index stock, and the $\text{R}^{2}$ of this method is the best in 85.7% of the stock dataset. RMSE decreases by 24.3% to 93.5%, and $\text{R}^{2}$ increases by 0.3% to 15.6%. In addition, this method has relatively stable prediction performance at different time periods and does not have timeliness issues. The results indicate that the BiLSTM-MTRAN-TCN method performs better in predicting stock prices, with high accuracy and generalization ability.
The Synergistic Antitumor Effect of Decitabine and Vorinostat Combination on HepG2 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line via Epigenetic Modulation of Autophagy–Apoptosis Molecular Crosstalk

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a worldwide health issue. Epigenetic alterations play a crucial role in HCC tumorigenesis. Using epigenetic modulators for HCC treatment confers a promising therapeutic effect. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of a decitabine (DAC) and vorinostat (VOR) combination on the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in the HCC HepG2 cell line at 24 h and 72 h. Median inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of VOR and DAC were assessed in the HepG2 cell line. The activity of caspase-3 was evaluated colorimetrically, and Cyclin D1(CCND1), Bcl-2, ATG5, ATG7, and P62 levels were assessed using ELISA at different time intervals (24 h and 72 h), while LC3IIB and Beclin-1gene expression were measured by using qRT-PCR. The synergistic effect of VOR and DAC was confirmed due to the observed combination indices (CIs) and dose reduction indices (DRIs). The combined treatment with both drugs inhibited the proliferation marker (CCND1), and enhanced apoptosis compared with each drug alone at 24 h and 72 h (via active caspase-3 upregulation and Bcl-2 downregulation). Moreover, the combination induced autophagy as an early event via upregulation of Beclin-1, LC3IIB, ATG5, and ATG7 gene expression. The initial induction of autophagy started to decrease after 72 h due to Beclin-1 downregulation, and there was decreased expression of LC3IIB compared with the value at 24 h. Herein, epigenetic modulation via the VOR/DAC combination showed an antitumor effect through the coordination of an autophagy–apoptosis crosstalk and promotion of autophagy-induced apoptosis, which ultimately led to the cellular death of HCC cancer cells.
Convection in a rotating cavity

Many large scale flows in the ocean are driven by an imposed longitudinal density gradient and the resulting buoyancy-driven flow is both influenced by the Earth's rotation and has a low aspect ratio (i.e. the characteristic vertical scale of the motion is small compared to the characteristic horizontal scale of the motion). The essential features of such flows were incorporated into a laboratory model, by differentially heating and cooling the vertical end walls of a low aspect ratio, rectangular cavity rotating about a vertical axis through its centre. When heating and cooling were initiated at the respective vertical end walls of the cavity, a hot current formed along the surface and a cold current along the bottom. These moved out from each end wall into the interior of the tank, but were confined to the sidewalls (model coastlines) by the effects of rotation. Initially the currents propagated under a balance between buoyancy and inertial forces, with an unstable balance between buoyancy and Coriolis forces in the cross-stream direction. Drag forces eventually slowed the the propagation speeds. The currents were internally stratified in temperature, and became unstable as a result of a rotationally dominated instability, driven by both the potential energy associated with the temperature difference between the currents and the isothermal environment and the velocity shear across the current. The flows were analogous to buoyancy driven coastal currents such as the East Greenland Current, the Norwegian Coastal Current and the Leeuwin Current off Western Australia. As an experiment progressed, the instabilities on the currents grew and broke to produce eddies which eventually filled the cavity. The timescales for development of the stratification within the cavity were found to be dependent on the end wall temperatures, but independent of rotation. In its statistically steady state the mean circulation consisted of baroclinic boundary currents superimposed on two basin-scale counter-rotating gyres and a nearly linear vertical temperature gradient. These observations can be explained in terms of potential vorticity dynamics in the presence of a relative slope between isopotential surfaces and horizontal boundaries. Measurements of the potential vorticity were made in the laboratory flow and the quantity proved to be a very effective dynamical tracer. The steady state flow may have interesting implications for the large scale circulation of the oceans.
Limited attentional resources and homophone frequency account for spelling errors on silent verb suffixes in Dutch

We review some of our research findings on verb spelling errors in Dutch. The spelling of Dutch regularly inflected verb forms is governed by rules of the simple concatenative type (stem + suffix). The spelling of a subset of these verb forms is determined by morpheme-based analogy, both at the level of the stem-final letter and at the level of the inaudible (i.e., silent) suffix. This subset of verb forms causes many spelling problems, both in the learning stage and in the spelling process of experienced spellers. Our research identifies two sources of these errors. First, the error risk results from the time-consuming nature of the cognitive operations needed for spelling the silent suffix. Second, the errors follow a particular pattern: the typical error is a homophonic verb spelling form which has a higher frequency of occurrence in the Dutch written language than the target form. This homophone frequency effect shows that regularly inflected verb forms with silent suffixes have their own orthographic representation in the mental lexicon, even though they are fully predictable by rule.
Vision-Based Measurement Method for Internal Riveting of the Joist

The requirement for industrial automation and quality control is the fundamental driver behind the visual examination of workpieces. Due to the vast number of workpieces, high level of complexity, and harsh production environment in traditional industrial production, manual inspection's efficiency and accuracy struggle to satisfy production standards. Automated vision inspection technology can partially address these issues. Through digital image processing and other technical methods, vision inspection technology can quickly and accurately identify and analyze features like workpiece size and shape, realizing automated quality control and production process control. In addition, workpiece vision inspection technology has grown in significance with the rise of Industry 4.0 and smart production. This paper's focus is the joist's rivet head, which must be measured for its diameter, height, circularity, and edge distance to assess whether the rivet is successfully assembled by confirming that the rivet head's dimensions are accurate. This paper suggests using Euclidean clustering to segment the point cloud surface and converting the extracted surface into an image for global threshold segmentation to extract edge information in an effort to overcome the challenges posed by the reflection and shadows on metal workpiece surfaces. This research suggests that the holes created by the blockage of light source irradiation on joist edges be filled by filling the pixel values. In this study, the riveted head's diameter is accurate to within 0.1 mm, its height is accurate to within 0.02 mm, and the edge distance is accurate to within 0.2 mm.
Stress Resolution in Mothers of Autism Spectrum Children: An Efficacy Study of Healthy Lifestyle Practices

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a disorder of developmental disability that affects not only the child but their parents too. These children need support in routine chores, education, and rehabilitation that are permanent stressors of mothers with ASD children. Present research is an effort to understand these stressors of mothers with an efficacy study of healthy practices in daily life routine. This research aimed to improve the life of ASD children’s mother through daily life style practices. Study was based on pre-posttest quasi experimental research design and purposive sampling technique to select the sample of mothers with ASD children. Perceived stress scale was used as pre and posttest task. Six weeks’ intervention plan of daily life practices were scheduled according to mother’s availability which contained guidelines related to healthy food, importance of nocturnal sleep, physical activity, stress management, social connection, and spirituality. Sessions were conducted individually with one-week gap. Results revealed significant positive impact of this plan on mother’s perceived stress. Mothers of ASD children reported low levels of stress after the modification of their daily life practices. Finding further elucidates the importance of healthy life practices as coping skill to omit permanent stressors.