Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analisis kepemimpinan di Indonesia dalam kerangka tanggap-darurat Covid-19

INDONESIA: Alih-alih kekayaan sumber daya alam dan sumber dana negara, kesigapan kepemimpinan sebuah negara agaknya lebih menjadi peubah yang menentukan tingkat keefektifan menghadapi serangan pandemi Covid-19. Studi ini menyoroti kepemimpinan di Indonesia dalam menghadapi wabah Covid-19 dengan menelaah tingkat kesigapan, ketanggapan, kekompakan, dan koordinasi di intra dan antarunsur kepemimpinan selevel serta sinergitas dan soliditas koordinasi antara level nasional, regional, dan lokal. Riset pustaka ini menemukan sindroma kegagapan decision-making para pemimpin di semua tingkat dan kegejetan koordinasi kepemimpinan di semua level, baik intra maupun antarlevel. Sindroma ini pada awalnya disebabkan oleh sikap meremehkan wabah yang kemudian diperburuk oleh ketidaksiap-sanggupan menanggung risiko kebijakan. Soal kefektifan kepemimpinan nasional, regional, lokal, dan nonformal di Indonesia dalam menangani wabah Covid-19 belum bisa dinilai data-data seputar wabah belum fixed dan masih mengalami perkembangan. ENGLISH: Instead of the richness of natural resources and financial resources of a nation, leadership alacrity of a nation serves more as a variable that determines the effectiveness rate in facing the attack of pandemic Covid-19. This study highlights Indonesian leadership in facing pandemic Covid-19, examining the degree of alacrity, responsiveness, solidity, and coordination between national, regional, and local levels. This library research finds stuttering syndromes in terms of decision-making amongst leaders at all levels and finds coordination deficiency at all levels, both intra and interlevel. This syndrome triggered in the first place by their underestimation over the pandemic Covid-19 and further aggravated by their unpreparedness to bear the risks of their policy. Concerning the effectiveness of national, regional, and local leaderships in Indonesia in coping with pandemic Covid-19 has not yet to be judged since the data pertaining the pandemic Covid-19 are still in progress and remains dynamic.
Chemical and photochemical reactions on mineral oxide surfaces in gaseous and liquid phases: Environmental implications of fate, transport and climatic impacts of mineral dust aerosol

Mineral dust aerosols emitted from the Earth crust during various natural and anthropogenic processes continuously alter the chemical balance of the atmosphere via heterogeneous processes and thus, impact on the global climate. Understanding of heterogeneous chemistry and photochemistry on mineral dust has become vital to accurately predict the effect of mineral dust loading on the Earth’s atmosphere. Here, laboratory measurements are coupled with model studies to understand heterogeneous chemistry and photochemistry in the atmosphere with the specific focus on reactions on mineral oxide surfaces. Heterogeneous uptake of gas phase HNO3 on metal oxides, oxyhydroxides and carbonates emphasized binding of nitric acid to these mineral surfaces in different modes including monodentate, bidentate and bridging under dry conditions. It is becoming increasingly clear that the heterogeneous chemistry, including uptake of HNO3, is a function of relative humidity (RH) as water on the surface of these particles can enhance or inhibit its reactivity depending on the reaction. All the studied model systems showed a significant uptake of water with the highest uptake by CaCO3. Under humid conditions, two water solvated nitrate coordination modes were observed that is inner-sphere and outer-sphere, which differ by nitrate proximity to the surface. Photochemical conversion of nitric acid to gas phase N2O, NO and NO2 through an adsorbed nitrate intermediate under different atmospherically relevant conditions is shown using transmittance FTIR and XPS analysis. Photochemistry of adsorbed nitrate on mineral aerosol dust may be influenced by the presence of other distinct gases. This thesis converses formation of active nitrogen, NOx and N2O, and chlorine, ClOx, species
Relationship Between High School Students' Motivation Levels and Learning Strategies

This study aims to reveal high school students’ learning strategies and motivation levels, the relationship between their learning strategies and motivation levels and to determine if these two variables differ according to gender and grade at school. This study was conducted in correlational survey model. Besides, “Motivation and Learning Strategies Scale” (GOSO), which was adapted to Turkish by Buyukozturk, Akgun, Karadeniz, Kilic Cakmak and Demirel, was used in the study. Data of the study were collected from 251 high school students studying in Safranbolu district of Karabuk province in Turkey in 2017-2018 school year. Results of the study reveal that students’ motivation levels and frequency of using learning strategies are slightly higher than average. According to the findings of the study, gender variable does not affect high school students’ motivation levels, but female students use learning strategies more than male students do. It was also found that students’ grades at school do not affect their motivation levels and frequency of using learning strategies. Lastly, findings of the study reveal that there is a meaningful relationship between students’ motivation levels and their learning strategies. In the light of the findings of the study it is recommended that online and digital applications be used in class in order to increase students’ motivation levels and develop their learning strategies.
Quality of Dutch rose cultivars influenced by different levels of fertigation, growth regulators and their interaction effects under polyhouse condition

Increased concentration of gibberellic acid combined with 120 percent of recommended dose of fertilizers as fertigation significantly increased neck diameter, neck length, flower stalk length, stalk diameter and diameter of opened flower respectively. Though all the varieties positively responded for the treatments but variety Grand gala produced significantly superior quality of flower when plants were treated with 120 per cent of fertigation in combination with 300 ppm of GA3.
Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice

Abstract In a digital era where people may experience seamless control in determining their interactions with the world via analogue and digital modes, this paper challenges the need for a university-determined position on whether study need be designated as on-campus, online, or a predetermined mix of each. In a university in Australia, several subjects were designed in a flexible hybrid format where students were offered flexibility to create their own learning pathway via online or on-campus mode, changing as it suited and regardless of their original enrolment mode in the subject. The curriculum model was conceptualised and deployed using educational design research, involving three designed and taught subjects and a further two designed-only subjects (i.e. not yet taught) to help test the concept in contrasting contexts. Insights on the new model were gained from participating teachers, their students, and online analytics. Using the experiences of the trial as the basis of this discussion paper, one practical step and its related challenges are shared in working toward a hybrid pedagogy, with associated design principles extrapolated.
Phylogeny of the plant bug subfamily Mirinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cimicomorpha: Miridae) based on total evidence analysis

The first comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of the most diverse subfamily of plant bugs, Mirinae, is presented in this study, for 110 representative taxa based on total evidence analysis. A total of 85 morphological characters and 3898 bp of mitochondrial (16S, COI) and nuclear (18S, 28S) sequences were analysed for each partitioned and combined dataset based on parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Major results obtained in this study include monophyly of the tribe Mecistoscelini. The largest tribe, Mirini, was recovered as polyphyletic, and Stenodemini was recovered as paraphyletic. The clade of Stenodemini + Mecistoscelini is the sister group of the remaining Mirinae. The monophyly of two complexes composed of superficially similar genera were tested; the Lygus complex was recovered as nonmonophyletic, and the Adelphocoris–Creontiades–Megacoelum complex was confirmed to be monophyletic. The generic relationships of the main clades within each tribe based on the phylogeny, as well as their supported morphological characters, are discussed.
Quantification du courant alternatif : la boîte quantique comme source d'électrons uniques subnanoseconde

Cette these est consacree a l'etude du transport dynamique subnanoseconde de charges dans un conducteur quantique modele : le circuit RC quantique. En appliquant des tensions hyperfrequence sur une grille situee au dessus d'une boite quantique de taille submicronique, on peut sonder la dynamique de transfert de charges de la boite vers son reservoir. Dans le regime lineaire, elle est caracterisee par une capacite quantique reliee a la densite d'etats de la boite et une resistance de relaxation de charge constante et egale au demi quantum de resistance h/2e^2 lorsqu'un seul mode de conduction est transmis du reservoir a la boite. Je me suis plus largement consacre a l'etude du regime non lineaire obtenu en appliquant des tensions creneau d'amplitude comparable a l'energie d'addition de la boite (energie necessaire pour ajouter une charge elementaire). J'ai mis en evidence dans ce regime une quantification du courant alternatif en unite de 2ef qui traduit l'emission et l'absorption par la boite d'une charge unique a chaque periode du signal d'excitation. Ce dispositif fonctionne alors comme une source d'electrons uniques analogue aux sources de photons uniques en optique. L'evolution du temps d'emission de la charge par effet tunnel en fonction des differents parametres controlables (couplage de la boite au reservoir, potentiel de la boite .) a ete determinee dans une large gamme temporelle, de la centaine de picosecondes a la dizaine de nanosecondes. Ces resultats sont en excellent accord avec un modele theorique simple que j'ai developpe durant ma these. Ils ouvrent la voie a des experiences d'optique electronique a une seule particule.
Effect of seeding depth and seed rate on the growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

The experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station. Jessore during rabi (winter) 1994-95 to examine the seeding depths and seeding rates suitable for better plant establishment in turn higher seed yield of chickpea. Crop variety. Nabin was used in the experiment. The treatments viz. 3, 6 and 9 cm of depth of seeding and 40, 50 and 60 kg/ha of seed ratty wed out in a randomized complete block (factorial) design replicated four times. The r indicated that depth of seeding exerted significant effects on plant population/m 2 , number of pods/plant, pods/m 2 seeds/pod, primary branches/plant, plant height and straw and seed yields. The highest seed yield was recorded from 9 cm depth of seeding which was identical to that of 6 cm depth. Significant differences were observed for plant population/m 2 , pods/plant and primary branches/plant owing to different seed rates, although seed yields did not vary significantly. Interaction between seeding depth and seed rate was not significant for seed yield.
Energy-dependent transport at dural lymphatic vessels is necessary for Aβ brain clearance in Alzheimer’s disease

Viewed as an imbalance between production and clearance of toxic Aβ peptides, Alzheimer’s disease is a candidate for therapies to augment brain waste removal. Prior work has shown that Aβ accumulates in meninges with aging as a byproduct of normal brain activity, in parallel with build-up of Aβ oligomers in neurons, blood vessels, and interstitial fluid. Using the TgF344-AD rat model of Alzheimer’s disease, we now report that dural lymphatic vessels specifically accumulate neurotoxic pyroglutamate amyloid beta (pE3-Aβ) with aging. Notably, accelerated amyloidosis is observed in meninges after ligation of cervical lymphatics, together with significantly increased pE3-Aβ and Aβ42 deposition in upstream brain regions implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. Blockade of lymphatic clearance is not sufficiently compensated by other efflux pathways, suggesting a necessary role of Aβ clearance at the level of lymphatics. We further report that dural lymphatic cells actively clear Aβ via energy-dependent mechanisms, and lymphatic Aβ transport is significantly impaired both in normal aging and in Alzheimer’s disease. Dural lymphatic cells isolated from the TgF344-AD rat show ultrastructural abnormalities in mitochondria and abnormal cytoplasmic inclusions, with a distinct transcriptional profile implicating failure of energy-dependent transport. Finally, using human meninges treated with FocusDeep tissue clearing, we demonstrate using whole mount panoramic imaging that dural lymphatic vessels comprise a structurally diverse intracranial vascular network that accumulates pE3-Aβ with aging, similar to the rat model. We conclude that intracranial meningeal and extracranial cervical lymphatic vessels are targets for Alzheimer’s disease therapies focused on improving amyloid clearance. One Sentence Summary: Lymphatic vessels remove Aβ from the brain via energy-dependent active transport mechanisms, and blockage of extracranial lymphatic drainage is sufficient to cause significant acceleration of intracranial Alzheimer’s Aβ pathology in both meninges and brain.
Heart rate and its relationship with activity in free-ranging Cheloniidae sea turtles

The primary oxygen stores in Cheloniidae sea turtles are in the lungs. Therefore, management of blood oxygen transportation to peripheral tissues by cardiovascular adjustments while diving is crucial to maximize benefits from dives. However, heart rate, particularly cardiac response to exercise in free-ranging dives, has rarely been examined for sea turtles. In this study, heart rate and its relationship with the amount of activity were determined in six free-ranging green turtles using bio-logging techniques. Our results demonstrated that resting heart rate took 7–11 h to reduce to steady levels after turtles were released in the tank, indicating that turtles may not present normal physiological rates right after release. After heart rate reduction, resting heart rate of green turtles in free-ranging dives was generally low (10.9 ± 2.5 bpm), but they often presented arrhythmia (4–54 bpm) even in resting states. The amount of activity during a dive linearly increased heart rate, but maximum heart rates (39.0–69.8 bpm) were recorded during ventilation at surface. These results indicate that turtles have the capability of cardiac response to increased metabolic demands in their muscles while submerged, and also of cardiovascular adjustment for a rapid renewal of oxygen stores and removal of CO2 during ventilation. Such well-organized cardiac adjustments may be because of characteristics of Cheloniidae sea turtles such as ectothermy and oxygen storage in lungs while submerged. Summary statement Green sea turtles in free-ranging dive had generally lower heart rate compared to other air-breathing divers and it varied with the amount of exercise. Turtles often showed extreme arrhythmia.
Potential of indole-3-acetic acid-producing rhizobacteria to resist Pb toxicity in polluted soil

ABSTRACT Heavy metal toxicity in industrial polluted area is imparting serious consequences on crops. Two Pb-tolerant bacteria were isolated from maize growing in a dumping site of Attock Oil Refinery, Rawalpindi. The oil-polluted field had a higher geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and pollution load index (PLI) value for Pb than standard. The soil accumulated higher Cd, Zn, and Mn contents too. Maize leaves and roots accumulated higher Pb and Zn and exhibited biological concentration factor (BCF), biological accumulating factor (BAC), and translocation factor (TF) Zn. Two bacterial strains (Exiguobacterium aurantiacum and Bacillus firmus) were isolated from maize rhizosphere growing in an oil-polluted field and applied as bio-inoculants on maize in a greenhouse experiment for 80 days. Both bio-inoculants were tolerant to Pb at 500 ppm and had the potential to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the presence or absence of Pb. Results revealed that single inoculation of bio-inoculants decreased Pb contents in the soil, leaves, and roots of maize by 30% over the control. Growth and physiological attributes of maize were also improved by 25% in a single application of bio-inoculants. Application of Pb with bio-inoculants decreased the efficiency of PGPR, and there were only 10–15% increases in growth and physiological attributes over single inoculation. Bio-inoculants exhibited the best results in the presence of IAA and Pb application by intensive root growth (60% better than control), reducing Pb toxicity (38%) and increasing growth and physiological attributes by 10–15% over single inoculation of bio-inoculants. Application of bio-inoculants with IAA may decrease the deleterious effects of Pb toxicity in oil-polluted agriculture fields.
Functional responses of recently emerged seedlings of an endemic Mexican oak (Quercus eduardii) under climate change conditions

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Climate change will increase temperature and reduce rainfall across temperate forests of Mexico. This can alter tree establishment dynamics within forest and in neighbouring man-made clearings. </p><p><strong>Hypotheses:</strong> Climate change will reduce emergence and survival of tree seedlings, and surviving plants will display functional responses matching with these changes. These effects should be more noticeable in clearings due to the lack of canopy cover. </p><p><strong>Studied species</strong>: <em>Quercus eduardii</em> (Fagaceae, section <em>Lobatae</em>) an oak species endemic to Mexico. </p><p><strong>Study site and years of study</strong>: Tree growing season 2015-2016 (rainy season) in a mature oak forest and a neighbouring clearing in Sierra de Álvarez, state of San Luis Potosí. </p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In both habitats, we established control plots (under current climatic conditions) and climate change simulation plots (increased temperature and reduced rainfall). At the beginning of the growing season, we sowed acorns of <em>Q. eduardii</em> in these plots and monitored the emergence, survival and growth of seedlings. At the end of the growing season, we assessed functional responses on surviving seedlings. </p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Seedling emergence and survival were lower in climate change plots from both habitats. However, differences in survival between climate treatments were larger within the forest. Seedlings from climate change plots displayed functional responses indicating higher levels of thermal and water stress. </p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study indicates that climate change will constrain tree recruitment in Mexican oak forests. However, contrary to our expectations, it seems that these effects will be higher within forests than in man-made clearings. </p>
Phenotypic analysis of milk composition, milk urea nitrogen and somatic cell score of Italian Jersey cattle breed

Abstract The present study aimed to assess the phenotypic variation of milk yield (MY) and quality traits in Italian Jersey (IJ) breed. Sources of variation were investigated through a linear mixed model, including the fixed effects of days in milk (DIM), parity, calving season, milking frequency, recording type, the interaction between DIM and parity, and the random effects of herd-test-day (HTD), cow and the residual. Results highlighted the high contents of milk fat (5.18%), protein (4.08%) and casein (3.16%) of IJ cows. Somatic cell score, averaging 3.35 units, should be lowered through specific managerial actions. Phenotypic variances of MY and milk quality traits were mainly due to cow effect, whereas phenotypic variance of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content was mainly due to HTD effect, meaning that managerial conditions, especially feeding, are very important to explain the variation of MUN. In conclusion, the present study allowed to characterise milk of IJ cows at population level and to identify environmental factors associated with variation of MY and quality traits, which will be useful to adjust phenotypic records in genetic evaluation of Jersey breed. Highlights Factors affecting milk quality traits of Italian Jersey cows have been investigated. Phenotypic variance of milk composition and SCS was mainly due to cow effect, and that of MUN was mainly driven by herd-test-day effect. Significant environmental factors identified in the present study will be used to adjust phenotypic records in genetic analysis.
Effectiveness of neem seed oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss: Meliaceae) on Syllepte derogata Fabricius, Lepidoptera: Pyralidae

Objective : Synthetic insecticides have long been used for cotton protection, resulting in pest resistance, toxicity and environmental pollution. Biopesticides have been suggested as alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Both field and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of neem oil in controlling Syllepte derogata (Fabricius), a cotton phyllophagous pest. Methodology and Results : In the field trials, effect of neem oil was compared to that of conventional insecticides; while in the laboratory direct larval immersion and leaf dip method using EMA SUPER 56DC and neem oil were tested. Decrease in damage by S. derogata for about 63 and 86% was recorded with neem oil and synthetic insecticides. In the laboratory, the mortality of S. derogata after 24 hours exposure to neem oil and Ema Super was significantly higher (2.5 to 100%) than that of the control. The mortality of larvae of S. derogata was positively correlated with the concentration of neem oil and exposure time. Lethal Concentration (LC50) after 24 hours exposure of larvae was respectively 4.03 104 ml/l and 51.13 ml/l for leaf dipping method and larval immersion. Conclusion and application of results : Overall, these results showed the efficacy of neem oil in controlling S. derogata, as a biopesticide. This oil could also constitute a successful alternative to synthetic pesticides. However, the effectiveness of neem oil appeared to be weakened by the rapid degradation of the active substances, azadirachtin in particular. Indeed, azadirachtin, the main active ingredient of neem is photo and heat labile. It easily degrades under high solar radiations and high temperatures, hence the need for stabilization. Keywords: Phyllophagous pest, integrated pest management, leaf-dipping method, larval immersion, Lethal Concentration.
Memory, Neuroscience and Memory Enhancement

In this paper we will put forward a new and updated comprehension of memory that should also change the coordinates of the memory enhancement debate. We will argue that this new way of thinking about memory makes much less unproblematic most of the memory enhancement technologies we have or will have in the near future. To conclude, we will discuss some cases that will illustrate our previous points.