Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of former glacier

Various approaches are used to record variations in glacier activity and equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) based on proglacial sites (lacustrine and terrestrial). These approaches are based on a conceptual model of glacier-meltwater induced sedimentation in which the minerogenic (nonorganic) component of the sediments is related to the occurrence of a glacier in the catchment. The principal coupling to former glacier activity and ELAs is common for these approaches. However, different methods and techniques may complement each other, and both possibilities and limitations are demonstrated. Site selection for reconstructing variations in glacier activity/ELAs is evaluated and critical factors are discussed. Rerouting of glacier meltwater streams across local watersheds in combination with proglacial sites gives a distinct on/off signal for former glacier activity/ELAs. Together with representative lateral moraines of known age, local watersheds are important for calibrating reconstructed glacier activity/ELAs based on a chain of proglacial lakes. Based on the ‘modern analogue principle’, various proxies can record whenever glaciers existed in a catchment. In a chain of proglacial lakes with different sensitivity to record variations in glacier activity/ELAs, these proxies can be calibrated against independent records. For one-site approaches, however, variations in glacier activity/ELAs depend on the interpretation and sensitivity of the proxies used.
Efecto de la escarificación, remojo y tiempos de almacenamiento sobre la germinación de Pithecellobium dulce

Se realizo un experimento con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de diferentes metodos de escarificacion y tiempo de almacenamiento sobre el porcentaje de germinacion de Pithecellobium dulce. Los factores evaluados fueron 5 metodos de escarificacion (control, lija N° 80 durante 5 min, y agua caliente a 60 oC imbibidas durante 5, 10 y 15 min) y 6 tiempos de almacenamiento (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 y 5 meses), utilizandose un diseno experimental totalmente al azar con arreglo factorial 5 x 6 y 3 repeticiones. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un efecto significativo (P
BDoS: Blockchain Denial-of-Service Attacks

Proof-of-work (PoW) cryptocurrency blockchains like Bitcoin secure vast amounts of money. Their operators, called miners , ex-pend resources to generate blocks and receive monetary rewards for their effort. Blockchains are, in principle, attractive targets for Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks: There is fierce competition among coins, as well as potential gains from short selling. Classical DoS attacks, however, typically target a few servers and cannot scale to systems with many nodes. There have been no successful DoS attacks to date against prominent cryptocurrencies. We present Blockchain DoS ( BDoS ), the first incentive-based DoS attack that targets PoW cryptocurrencies. Unlike classical DoS, BDoS targets the system’s mechanism design : It exploits the reward mechanism to discourage miner participation. Previous DoS attacks against PoW blockchains require an adversary’s mining power to match that of all other miners. In contrast, BDoS can cause a blockchain to grind to a halt with significantly less resources, e.g., 17% as of Feb 2019 in Bitcoin according to our empirical study. BDoS differs from known attacks like Selfish Mining in its aim not to increase an adversary’s revenue, but to disrupt the system. Although it bears some algorithmic similarity to those attacks, it introduces a new adversarial model, goals, algorithm, and game-theoretic analysis. Beyond its direct implications for operational blockchains, BDoS introduces the novel idea that an adversary can manipulate miners’ incentives by proving the existence of a secret longest chain without actually publishing blocks.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND RESEARCH

Malaysian craft industry is currently in transformation from focusing on social-based activities into profit-based activities. Thus, the entrepreneurial traits and skills become important in developing the industry in Malaysia. Kraftangan Malaysia is a government agency that responsible in implementing the public policy that regarding the development of entrepreneurial traits among craft entrepreneurs. Since the emergence a new concept of several numbers of entrepreneurial traits, business performance has become important aspects in producing new paradigm in Malaysia craft industry. Nowadays, Kraftangan Malaysia is hardly to identify the factors that should be emphasized in constructing entrepreneurial traits among craft-makers in Malaysia. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to construct the underlying structure in a set of data and validity of factors that was developing based on literature. The confirmatory factor analysis is a method that was used to study the validity of components in factors of; need for achievement, locus of control, creativity, innovative, and grab market opportunities. The result indicates that there were only 45 from 68 components of the rotated component matrix are above 0.5. Furthermore, the existences of various factors in this study are valid; however, the components of instrument become reduce. Therefore, the questionnaire is surely can be to make a further study without doubt in inferential analysis. Additionally, the finding of this confirmatory factor analysis become important to entrepreneurship agencies and industry players in constructing the programs, policies, guideline and any model that involve with the variables in developing the entrepreneurial traits.
Changes in balance and fall risk in female members of the Third Age University aged 60 and older

Introduction: Ageing processes are accompanied by degenerative changes within all functional and anatomical systems. These changes affect postural stability. This study sought to compare balance and fall risk indexes taking into account the age of the participants. Material and methods: The study included female members (n = 59) of the University of the Third Age (U3A) set up at the University of Physical Education in Warsaw. The participants were divided into five age groups: 1 (60–64 years), 2 (65–69), 3 (70–74), 4 (75–79) and 5 (>80). Biodex Balance System was applied in the study. The overall stability index (OSI), the anteroposterior stability index (APSI), the mediolateral stability index (MLSI) and the fall risk test were used in the analysis. The participants performed tests that involved standing on both feet with eyes open and closed on a stable surface as well as standing with eyes open on an unstable surface. ANOVA was used to assess balance with regard to age. U Mann-Whitney test was employed to compare groups in terms of balance and the fall risk (p < 0.05). Results: The oldest group demonstrated the worst balance performance with eyes open: OSI – 0.70 ± 0.47; APSI – 0.49 ± 0.30; MLSI – 0.37 ± 0.43. The best values of balance performance were manifested by the subjects aged 65–69: OSI – 0.36 ± 0.13; APSI – 0.25 ± 0.08; MLSI – 0.18 ± 0.11. Compared to eyes-open conditions, the tests performed with eyes closed revealed the smallest differences between the groups in OSI. The lowest fall risk was noted in groups 1 and 2. The highest fall risk index was found in group 4. Conclusions: The findings of the study show that older adults depend on their vision when keeping balance. Physical activity exerts a positive influence on their balance and reduces the risk of falling. However, balance performance deteriorates and the fall risk increases with ageing.
University of Birmingham The role of dopamine in motor flexibility

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Anthropometric and Kinematics Determinants of Lunge Velocity and Amplitude in Young Foil Fencers

7 The teaching of the lunge technique in fencing is critical in the developmental age. The 8 relations of anthropometrics with kinematics of lunge was studied only in adult fencers, 9 and no study exist in young considering the different level of experience. Our aims were 10 to assess, in young fencers, which factors, between the anthropometric and the 11 kinematics, were mostly connected with lunge performance (speed and excursion) in 12 different genders and expertise levels. Fifteen young fencers participated in this study. 13 Lunge kinematics, anthropometric characteristics and force expressed in vertical jump 14 tests were collected. Maximal lunge velocity resulted mainly correlated with the posterior 15 knee’s extension ((r=0.56, p=0.031). The lunge distance and mean hip velocity were 16 mostly correlated with fencers’ height (r=0.85, p=0.000 and r=0.76, p=0.001) and FFM 17 (r=0.8, p=0.000 and r=0.73, p=0.002). Experts and non-experts show significant 18 differences in fat free mass, area of upper arm, and of thighs (Effect Size = 1,27 – 1,33, 19 p= 0,021-0,035). From our results it emerges that, in this age range, the analysed aspects 20 of lunge performance are mainly correlated with participant’s anthropometry. Moreover, 21 it is already possible in this age span, to find technical differences linked to the 22 experience. 23
Late Quaternary Tectonics , Incision , and Landscape Evolution of the 1 Calchaquí River Catchment , Eastern Cordillera , NW Argentina 2 3 4

26 Unravelling the relative impacts of climate, tectonics, and lithology on landscape 27 evolution is complicated by the temporal and spatial scale over which observations are made. We 28 use soil and desert pavement classification, longitudinal river profiles, Be-derived catchment 29 mean modern and paleo-erosion rates, and vertical incision rates to test whether, if we restrict 30 our analyses to a spatial scale over which climate is relatively invariant, tectonic and lithologic 31 factors will dominate the late Quaternary landscape evolution of the Calchaquí River Catchment 32 (CRC), NW Argentina. We find that the spatial distribution of erosion rates, normalized channel 33 steepness indices, and concavity indices reflect active tectonics and lithologic resistance. 34 Knickpoints are spatially coincident with tectonic and/or lithologic discontinuities, indicating 35 local base-level control by faulting. Catchment mean erosion rates, ranging from 22.5 ± 2.6 to 36 121.9 ± 13.7 mm kyr, and paleo-erosion rates, ranging from 56 /-19 to 105 /-33 mm kyr, 37 are similar, possibly suggesting Quaternary climate changes have not had a strong enough 38 influence on erosion rates to be detected using cosmogenic Be. However, punctuated 39 abandonment of pediment and strath terraces at 43.6 /-11.6, 91.2 /-22.2, and 151 /-34.1 ka, 40 and disparities between vertical incision rates and catchment mean erosion rates could suggest 41 periods of landscape transience, possibly reflecting climate cyclicity. Our results emphasize the 42 role of tectonic uplift and lithologic contrasts in shaping long-term erosion rates and channel 43 morphology at the relatively local scale of the Calchaqui River Catchment, in contrast to 44 regional-scale studies which find precipitation to exert the dominant control. 45 46
VVC PER-TOOL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION COMPARED TO HEVC

The Versatile Video Coding (VVC) is the most recent video coding standard jointly developed by MPEG (ISO/IEC) and VCEG (ITU-T) in the JVET (Joint Video Experts Team). The VVC Final Draft International Standard was issued in mid-2020. VVC can be considered as the state-of-the-art video coding standard, with an estimated bitrate gain around 40% versus the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). VVC has been developed incrementally based on the HEVC design, with the introduction of multiple new coding tools in all building blocks of the codec architecture. This paper aims at providing an overview of VVC by highlighting the main differences compared to HEVC. It reports a compression performance analysis, based on the coding gain evaluation of each tool for various contents (including contents not used in JVET). The analysis also considers the impact of the tools in terms of encoding and decoding complexity. Global performance measures with regards to HEVC are provided in different encoding configurations and picture formats.
GEOLOGY OF THE �RlEFI DISTRICT, SOUTHEASTERN ICELAND by

The central part of the Orffifi district is dominated by various rocks discharged from the still active Orffifa­ jokull central volcano. The peripheral areas, Skaftafells­ fjoll in the west and Breidamerkurfjall to the east, are made up of slightly altered rocks of basic as well as silicic composition below an unconformity, indicating that both these areas represent older central volcanoes. The abundance of hyaloclastites and tillites within the piles of these older volcanoes and their relationship to the active Orffifajokull volcano indicate that those volcanoes were active during the Quaternary. The rocks belong to a tholeiitic series, but in contrast to the tholeiites of the rift zones in Iceland many basalts in Orffifi are characterized by clinopyroxene phenocrysts. In Orffifajokull �ybrid rocks are found in a few places. Chemically these hybrid rocks are similar to calc-alkaline rocks. Their hybrid nature results from mixing of a basaltic and silicic component.
Adolescent versus adult explanations of resilience enablers: A South African study

This aim of this article is to account for the resilience of adolescents who are challenged by structural disadvantage and to highlight that how adolescent resilience is accounted for depends on whether adolescent or adult views are foregrounded. To do so, I report a South African phenomenological study. I draw on a thematic content analysis of qualitative data and subsequent frequency count of the themes to contrast how 385 black adolescents and 284 adults (who educate or provide services to youth) explain what enables adolescent resilience in the face of structural disadvantage. Adolescent and adult explanations differed substantially with regard to personal strengths, family support, and education pathways. These differences reflect conceptualisations of resilience which are probably related to developmental stage and cultural fluidity and which caution that, despite adult perspectives being valuable, societies need to prioritise adolescent insights. http://mc.manuscriptcentral. com/youthsoc Youth & Society ADOLESCENT VERSUS ADULT EXPLANATIONS OF RESILIENCE-ENABLERS 1 Adolescent versus adult explanations of resilience-enablers: A South African study Linda Theron1 1University of Pretoria, South Africa Corresponding Author: Linda Theron, Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Pretoria, Groenkloof Campus, Pretoria 0002, South Africa. Email: Linda.theron@up.ac. za Abstract This aim of this article is to account for the resilience of adolescents who are challenged by structural disadvantage and to highlight that how adolescent resilience is accounted for depends on whether adolescent or adult views are foregrounded. To do so, I report a South African phenomenological study. I draw on a thematic content analysis of qualitative data and subsequent frequency count of the themes to contrast how 385 Black adolescents and 284 adults (who educate or provide services to youth) explain what enables adolescent resilience in the face of structural disadvantage. Adolescent and adult explanations differed substantially with regard to personal strengths, family support, and education pathways. These differences reflect conceptualizations of resilience, which are probably related to developmental stage and cultural fluidity and which caution that, despite adult perspectives being valuable, societies need to prioritize adolescent insights.
Rule-based vs. similarity-based generalization: An experimental study on the Turkish Aorist

Acquisition of inflectional morphology is known to be less challenging for children when there is one-to-one mapping between a form and its function. When, however, a form has various functions and allomorphs, as in the case of Turkish aorist –a Tense/Aspect/Modality marker that can mark present tense/habitual aspect/epistemic modality– where the distribution of the allomorphs exhibits irregularity, acquisition gets demanding. Nakipoğlu and Ketrez (2006, and under review), testing 143 children through an elicited production task uncovers the developmental path the Turkish-children follow in learning the aorist. Building on the acquisition results, to dig deeper into the cognition puzzle the aorist presents, the present study looks into adults’ production of the aorist when presented with non-existent roots, to unpack whether it suggests a rule-based or an analogy-based generalization. The most famous case of such an irregular verbal pattern is the English past-tense, where regulars take one of the variants of the suffix -(e)d, in a phonologically predictable manner i.e., [ǝd] as in load-loaded, [t] as in walk-walked, or [d] as in rub-rubbed; and irregulars undergo various phonological processes, such as change of the stem vowel (sing-sang), change of the rhyme (bring-brought), or no change at all (hit-hit). The irregularity in English past tense has provided a platform for the formulation of two processing models that differ from each other in respect of how they handle regulars and irregulars. The Single Mechanism Model advocates a single, analogy-based mechanism that is sensitive to phonology and the statistical properties of the stored exemplars in handling both regulars and irregulars. The Dual-Mechanism Model, however, dissociates between regulars and irregulars and argues that regulars should be a product of rule-based generalization and analogy should only play a role in the production of irregulars. The present study investigates how Turkish adults produce the aorist when presented with nonce roots in an experimental setting to see to what extent rules, similarity and type/token frequency are at work in the processing of an irregular verbal pattern in their native language. The research questions the present study is interested in addressing are as follows:
IT COMPETENCY PREDICTING MARKET AND DEVELOPMENT PERFORMANCE: MODERATED BY ORGANIZATIONAL SIZE

The resource based view (RBV) suggests that firms with greater information technology (IT) competencies may be able to leverage information to overcome competitors. This study of 167 large New Zealand companies, found that IT knowledge, IT operations, and IT objects were all directly related to market and development performance. Further, firm size was tested as a potential moderator and found to have no significant effect on market performance and found to have significant effects on all three IT competency facets and development performance. However, mapping the interactions showed that smaller sized firms were better able to leverage their IT competencies when they were low, to achieve greater development performance compared to larger firms. Overall, the findings support the RBV, indicating that New Zealand firms focusing on IT competencies will more likely gain significant benefits in market and development performance, although smaller sized firms achieve greater development performance than larger sized firms at all levels of IT competency .
Firm-Level Upgrading in Developing Countries

In principle, firms in developing countries benefit from the fact that advanced technologies and products have already been developed in industrialized countries and can simply be adopted, a process often referred to as industrial upgrading. But for many firms this advantage remains elusive. What is getting in the way? This paper reviews recent firm-level empirical research on the determinants of upgrading in developing countries. The first part focuses on how to define and measure various dimensions of upgrading—learning, quality upgrading, technology adoption, and product innovation. The second part takes stock of recent evidence on the drivers of upgrading, classifying them as output-side drivers, input-side drivers, or drivers of know-how. I conclude with some thoughts about promising directions for research in the area. (JEL D21, D24, D83, F14, L26, O14, O31)
Evaluation of certain botanicals against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) on chickpea

Pulses, a poor man’s meat in which many insect pests causes losses in both field and storage condition. In storage condition, the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus spp. causes major losses among other Pests. The present study involves the evaluation of certain botanicals like Neem leaf powder 5g/ 100 seeds, Nimbicidin 5ml/ 100 seeds, Karanji oil 5ml/ 100 seeds, Custard apple leaf powder 5g/ 100 seeds, Castor oil 5ml/ 100 seeds and Eucalyptus oil 5ml/ 100 seeds against C. chinensis in chick pea for percent seed infestation and percent seed weight loss, where Deltamethrin (2.8 EC) 0.04ml/ 100 seeds and untreated treatments used as standard check and untreated check respectively. The results revealed that all the treatments was significantly superior then the untreated control that have maximum insect damage (9.0%) at 30 days of storage period. Insect infestation percent was increased in all the treatments with period increased in storage and nature of protectants. Minimum percent infestation and percent weight loss were noted in Deltamethrin (2.8 EC) 0.04ml/ 100 seeds followed by Nimbicidin 5ml/ 100 seeds and highest were in untreated control.
Effect of feed additives supplementation alone and in combination on quantitative and qualitative wool attributes of growing Corriedale lambs

A trial of 90 days was conducted on 24 male Corriedale lambs divided in four groups of six lambs each, to study the effect of feeding probiotic mix and fibrolytic enzyme mix on gut health. A complete feed was prepared containing paddy straw 50 parts and concentrate mixture 50 parts on dry matter basis as per ICAR, 2013 with supplementation of probiotics mix (T1) and exogenous fibrolytic enzyme mix (T2) and Combination of probiotics mix and exogenous fibrolytic enzyme mix (T3) while complete feed without supplementation served as control (T0). Significantly (P
First record of the non-indigenous Isopoda Synidotea laticauda Benedict, 1897 in the Seine Estuary (Normandy, France)

The northeastern Pacific isopod Synidotea laticauda Benedict, 1897 is reported for the first time in the French part of the English Channel. Specimens have been found in 2017 in a pebble habitat of the Seine Estuary (Normandy, France). Its occurrence in the Seine Estuary is probably related to international maritime traffic, which is important around the major seaports of the Seine Estuary: Le Havre and Rouen.
Effect of potting media on growth and flower yield of rose (Rosa hybrida L.) cv. top secret under protected condition

The present experiment entitled “Effect of potting media on growth and flower yield of rose (Rosa hybrida L.) cv. Top Secret under protected condition. ” was carried out at Hi-Tech Horticulture Park, Department of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) during 2016-17. The results of the study indicated that growth parameters viz., plant height (60.46 cm), leaf area (36.98 cm2), number of leaf per stalk (20.33) and stalk length (36.23 cm) were significantly maximum obtained in T4 treatment which followed by treatment T7. Whereas, flowering parameter viz., number of days to bud initiation (13.23 days) were recorded significantly minimum with the T4 treatment followed by treatment T7. Similarly, the significantly maximum flower diameter (8.23 cm), number of petals per flower (27.65) and number of flowers per plant (19.48) and were recorded in T4 treatment and were followed by treatment T7.