Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXTERNAL DACRYOCYSTORHINOSTOMY VERSUS ENDOSCOPIC ENDONASAL DACRYOCYSTORHINOSTOMY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Background: Dacryocystitis is the inflammation of the lacrimal sac due to nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Chronic dacryocystitis is a constant threat to cornea and orbital soft tissue & always dictates surgery for correction of symptomatology. The gold standard procedure of choice for the treatment of epiphora is Dacryocystorhinostomy. This study proposes to evaluate and compare the surgical outcome of external DCR and endoscopic endonasal DCR. METHODS: A Retrospective, comparative, randomized interventional study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2013. 40 diagnosed cases of chronic dacryocystitis were randomized into two groups. Group A included 20 patients who underwent external Dacryocystorhinostomy and group B included the rest of the 20 patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy. RESULTS: In group A patients, 9 cases had bleeding during surgery, tearing of the anterior nasal flap was seen in 5 cases and punctal laceration in 4 cases. In group B patients 3 cases had bleeding, 5 cases had Trauma to the middle turbinate while accidental entry into anterior ethmoidal cells was in 4 cases. In 8 cases there was difficulty in making a bone window. In group A patients, duration of surgery is comparatively more than in group B. In post-operative period group A patients, had epistaxis, rhinostomy site closure, hypertrophied external scar and medial canthi damage as its complication while group B epistaxis, nasal Synechea, intra nasal granulation at the ostium are major complication. After a period of 3months by syringing the lacrimal sac of the patients in group A patients, 18 patients had a patent sac (success rate is 90%). In group B patients, 16 patients had a patent sac (success rate being 80%). CONCLUSION: DCR either by external or endonasal route can be considered for treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The external route has an easy and short learning curve with reduced cost of equipment. Whereas endoscopic DCR is time saving, avoids a facial scar and injury to the neighboring structures like the medial palpebral ligament and the angular facial vessels. In our study, the success rate of Endonasal DCR and External DCR are almost equal and comparable. This indicates that these two different DCR techniques are acceptable alternatives. However it's the preference of the patient, resource available and the surgeon himself to decide the right surgical option to axe the disease.
Upper Extremity Regional Anesthesia: Essentials for Your Practice

Contemporary data suggest that regional anesthesia for shoulder and arm/hand surgery improves early outcome measures such as superior analgesia, decreased opioid-related side effects, earlier readiness for discharge, and reduced frequency of unplanned hospital admission (see Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links. lww.com/ASA/A276). Continuous perineural catheters consistently improve analgesia, and may facilitate earlier hospital discharge and rehabilitation after upper extremity surgery of moderate to severe pain intensity (see Supplemental Digital Content 2, http://links.lww.com/ ASA/A277). Furthermore, plexus-based regional anesthetic techniques generally result in superior analgesia as compared with surgeon-placed subacromial infusion or wound infiltration while avoiding concerns over local anesthetic-induced chondrolysis. Thus, brachial plexus regional anesthesia can positively affect outcome in patients undergoing upper extremity surgery.
Phonosemantic biases found in Leipzig-Jakarta lists of 66 languages

Abstract Based on the vocabulary of 66 genealogically distinct languages, this study reveals the biased association between phonological features and the 100 lexical meanings of the Leipzig-Jakarta List. Morphemes whose meanings are related to round shapes (‘egg’, ‘navel’, ‘neck’, and ‘knee’) tend to contain phonemes that bear the [+round] feature. Also observable is the positive association between buccal actions and the phonological features they resemble (‘to blow’ with [+labial] and ‘to suck’ with [+delayed release]). Grammatical morphemes related to proximity (‘this’, ‘in’, 1sg and 2sg pronoun) are positively associated with [+nasal]. The phonosemantic patterns found in the most basic vocabulary of spoken languages further confirm that the sound-meaning association in natural languages is not completely arbitrary but may be motivated by human cognitive biases.
Designing Spatial Kramers–Kronig Media Using Transformation Optics

Spatial Kramers–Kronig (KK) relations have been recently proposed to achieve perfect absorption without using any gain elements or highly anisotropic materials. However, such perfect absorption is limited to the surface of an infinitely long planar slab in the Cartesian coordinate, and the cases of surfaces with bends or sharp corners are still challenging. In this article, we apply conformal transformation optics methods to design spatial KK media, which can achieve smooth perfect absorption both in cylindrical spaces and in polygonal spaces with sharp corners. Moreover, it is demonstrated that we can also control the scattering direction of the designed polygonal spatial KK media to realize invisibility. Our work opens new avenues for perfect absorption devices based on transformation optics and spatial KK relations.
Scattering of SH guided wave by a circular inclusion and semicircular depression in an infinite piezoelectric material strip

ABSTRACT By means of the guided wave theory, the scattering of SH guided wave by a circular inclusion and semicircular depression in an infinite piezoelectric material strip is investigated. The multi-polar coordinate change method is used to deal with semicircular sag at the boundary position. By using the method of multiple images, the theoretical expressions of scattering waves, satisfying the stress-free and electrical insulation conditions at the upper and lower boundaries of the band domain, are constructed. Based on the boundary conditions, the integral equations are established. The analytical expressions of the dynamic stress concentration coefficient and electric field intensity concentration coefficient are obtained. By analyzing the order of the guided wave, the physical parameters of the medium, the distance between the center of a circular inclusion, the location of a semicircular depression and a circular inclusion and the radius of the semicircular depression, the dynamic stress concentration factor and electric field intensity concentration factor are analyzed and compared with the existing literature in calculating example.
Relaciones entre la estructura y cobertura arbórea con el carbono almacenado en bosques montanos andinos en el macizo del Cajas, Azuay-Ecuador

Los bosques montanos Andinos son ecosistemas unicos e importantes debido a la diversidad y sus diversos servicios ambientales que proveen, entre ellos el almacenamiento de carbono. En la presente investigacion se genero informacion sobre las relaciones entre la estructura y cobertura arborea con el carbono almacenado en bosques montanos Andinos. El estudio se realizo en los remanentes de bosques maduros del macizo del Cajas, en las localidades de Chaucha y San Gerardo, en 20 parcelas permanentes de muestreo. Se midio la cobertura y estructura arborea, y se calculo el carbono almacenado en cuatro compartimentos. Con los datos de cobertura y estructura arborea se establecieron relaciones con los resultados del carbono acumulado en los diferentes compartimentos. Como resultados se obtuvo que la estructura de la vegetacion se diferencio en dos conglomerados. De estos el conglomerado 2, ubicado a mayor altitud presento resultados estadisticamente superiores que el conglomerado 1. El carbono acumulado en la necromasa, biomasa aerea, suelo y raices gruesas presentaron valores superiores en el conglomerado 2 (4,7; 136; 291; 54,2 Mg C/ha, respectivamente) a diferencia de las raices finas que presento mayores valores en el conglomerado 1 (22,6 Mg C/ha). En general, el carbono organico total presento mayores valores en el conglomerado 2 (505,5 Mg C/ha). Se registraron 24 correlaciones significativas entre las variables de estructura y cobertura arborea con el carbono almacenado; de estas 11 correlaciones fueron bastante altas (r ≥ 0,8). El area basal con el carbono aereo fueron las variables que mayor interdependencia presentaron segun el R2 = 94%.
Response-Guided Peginterferon α-2a Monotherapy for Hemodialysis Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C

Response-Guided Peginterferon α-2a Monotherapy for Hemodialysis Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Background: Hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) have a poor prognosis and ribavirin combination therapy is problematic in these patients. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of response-guided peginterferonα-2a (PEG-IFNα-2a) monotherapy in hemodialysis patients with HCV. Associations with the IL-28B polymorphism were also examined. Methods: After 4 weeks of PEG-IFNα-2a therapy, 21 patients were allocated to two different treatment periods. Those who tested negative for HCV RNA at this point (rapid virological response, RVR) were treated for 48 weeks and those who remained positive (non-RVR) were treated for 72 weeks. We evaluated the rates of sustained virological response (SVR) and discontinuation of therapy due to adverse events.
A/K/A

Bewertung der Antworten durch BN, ÖJV und ANW: Der Grundsatz „Wald vor Wild“ ist ein zentraler Grundsatz für das bayerische Jagdwesen und entscheidend für eine naturnahe Waldwirtschaft. Er besagt, dass der Wildbestand so zu regulieren ist, dass sich die heimischen Baumarten ohne Zaun oder Einzelschutz verjüngen und hochwachsen können. Wildtiere, wie Rehe, Hirsch und Gams, benötigen Pflanzen als Nahrung. Wer Wildtiere erhalten will, muss daher zuerst an die Lebendgrundlagen denken, sie erhalten bzw. schützen. Dies ist im Wesentlichen die Kernaussage dieses Grundsatzes: der Schutz des Lebensraumes Wald muss Vorrang CSU SPD B‘90/ Grüne Freie Wähl. FDP Linke ÖDP
Bounding the price of anarchy for games with player-specific cost functions

We study the efficiency of equilibria in atomic splittable congestion games on networks. We consider the general case where players are not affected in the same way by the congestion. Extending a result by Cominetti, Correa, and Stier-Moses (The impact of oligopolistic competition in networks, Oper. Res., 57, 1421--1437 (2009)), we prove a general bound on the price of anarchy for games with player-specific cost functions. This bound generalizes some of their results, especially the bound they obtain for the affine case. However our bound still requires some dependence between the cost functions of the players. In the general case, we prove that the price of anarchy is unbounded, by exhibiting an example with affine cost functions and only two players.
Shock–Vortex Interaction in a Transonic Turbine Cascade

In this paper, we have investigated numerically the interaction between secondary flow and a normal compression shock in a transonic turbine cascade. We observe that the sudden deceleration caused by the compression shock triggers an instability in weaker regions of the vortex system. This instability forms a pattern of concentric rings of elevated vorticity, which, in turn, cause the shock to deform into the same concentric wave-like pattern. The same pattern appears in the entropy distribution just downstream of the shock as a result of the uneven shock-intensity distribution.
Trumpet Initial Data for Highly Boosted Black Holes and High Energy Binaries

Kyle Patrick Slinker: Trumpet Initial Data for Highly Boosted Black Holes and High Energy Binaries (Under the direction of Charles R. Evans) Initial data for a single boosted black hole is constructed that analytically contains no initial transient (junk) gravitational radiation and is adapted to the moving punctures gauge conditions. The properties of this data are investigated in detail. It is found to be generally superior to canonical Bowen-York data and, when implemented numerically in simulations, yields orders of magnitude less junk gravitational radiation content and more accurate black hole velocities. This allows for modeling of black holes that are boosted faster than previously possible. An approximate superposition of the data is used to demonstrate how a binary black hole system can be constructed to retain the advantages found for the single black hole. Extensions to black holes with spin are considered.
Semiglobal Observer-Based Positive Scaled Edge-Consensus of Networked Discrete-Time Systems Under Actuator Saturation

In this article, by using the linear graph theory, modified algebraic Riccati equation (MARE)-based method and duality principle, two interaction protocols are proposed to achieve the scaled edge-consensus of networked discrete-time systems with unmeasurable edge-sates. Meanwhile, drawing support from MARE-based low-gain feedback technique and positive system theory, sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the bounded control inputs and positive edge-states. Moreover, feedback matrices and observer matrices are, respectively, constructed by utilizing the solutions of MARE and modified algebraic dual Riccati equation (MADRE). Remarkably, the theoretical results only use the edge number and vertex number of network rather than the global information of network. Finally, five examples are shown to demonstrate the feasibility of the interaction protocols.
MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE SUPERVISION AND TEACHERS JOB EFFECTIVENESS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN CALABAR MUNICIPALITY AREA OF CROSS RIVER STATE.

Sule, Mary A. & Okoi, Ikpi I. Department Of Educational Administration And Planning University Of Calabar, Calabar. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 12 July 2019 Final Accepted: 14 August 2019 Published: September 2019
The structure and dynamics of backflow in turbulent channels

A statistical description of flow regions with negative streamwise velocity is provided based on simulations of turbulent plane channels in the Reynolds number range $547\leqslant Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}\leqslant 2003$ . It is found that regions of backflow are attached and their density per surface area – in wall units – is an increasing function of $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}$ . Their size distribution along the three coordinates reveals that, even though in the mean they appear to be circular in the wall-parallel plane, they tend to become more elongated in the spanwise direction after reaching a certain height. Time-tracking of backflow regions in a $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}=934$ simulation showed they convect downstream at the mean velocity corresponding to $y^{+}\approx 12$ , they seldom interact with other backflow events, their statistical signature extends in the streamwise direction for at least $300$ wall units, and they result from a complex interaction between regions of high and low spanwise vorticity far beyond the viscous sublayer. This could explain why some statistical aspects of these near-wall events do not scale in viscous units; they are dependent on the $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}$ -dependent dynamics further away from the wall.
What Is a Replication?

This article develops a new, general account of replication (the Resampling Account of replication). I argue that a replication is an experiment that resamples the experimental components of an original experiment that are treated as random factors and that the function of replications is, narrowly, to assess the reliability of the replicated experiments. On this basis, I argue that the common notion of conceptual replication is confused and that the ongoing controversy about the relative value of direct and conceptual replications should be dissolved.
Analysis aspects of Willmore surfaces

We found a new formulation to the Euler-Lagrange equation of the Willmore functional for immersed surfaces in ${\R}^m$. This new formulation of Willmore equation appears to be of divergence form, moreover, the non-linearities are made of jacobians. Additionally to that, if $\bH$ denotes the mean curvature vector of the surface, this new form writes ${\mathcal L}\bH=0$ where ${\mathcal L}$ is a well defined locally invertible self-adjoint operator. These 3 facts have numerous consequences in the analysis of Willmore surfaces. One first consequence is that the long standing open problem to give a meaning to the Willmore Euler-Lagrange equation for immersions having only $L^2$ bounded second fundamental form is now solved. We then establish the regularity of weak $W^{2,p}-$Willmore surfaces for any $p$ for which the Gauss map is continuous : $p>2$. This is based on the proof of an $\epsilon-$regularity result for weak Willmore surfaces. We establish then a weak compactness result for Willmore surfaces of energy less than $8\pi-\delta$ for every $\delta>0$. This theorem is based on a point removability result we prove for Wilmore surfaces in ${\R}^m$. This result extends to arbitrary codimension a result that E.Kuwert and R.Schaetzle established for surfaces in ${\R}^3$. Finally, we deduce from this point removability result the strong compactness, modulo the M\"obius group action, of Willmore tori below the energy level $8\pi-\delta$ in dimensions 3 and 4. The dimension 3 case was already solved in a previous work.
The role of rotary motion on vortices in reverse flow

The physics of a rotary wing in forward flight are highly complex, particularly when flow separation is involved. The purpose of this work is to assess the role of three-dimensional (3-D) vortex dynamics, with a focus on Coriolis forces, in the evolution of vortices in the reverse flow region of a rotating wing. High-fidelity numerical simulations were performed to recreate the flow about a representative rotating wing in forward flight. A vorticity transport analysis was performed to quantify and compare the magnitudes of 2-D flow physics, vortex tilting and Coriolis effects in the resulting flow fields. Three-dimensional vortex dynamics was found to have a very small impact on the growth and behaviour of vortices in the reverse flow region; in fact, the rate of vortex growth was successfully modelled using a simple 2-D vortex method. The small role of 3-D physics was attributed to the Coriolis and vortex tilting terms being approximately equal and opposite to one another. This ultimately lead to vortex behaviour that more closely resembled a surging wing as opposed to a conventional rotating wing, a feature unique to the reverse flow region.
Impacts of Bitcoin on USA, Japan, China and Turkey stock market indexes: Causality analysis with value at risk method (VAR)

Abstract In this study, the impacts of Bitcoin on Japan, China, Turkey and USA stock indexes were investigated. Nikkei225, SSE380, BIST100 and S&P500 were selected as the stock market indexes. The weekly data including dates between January 03, 2016 and December 16, 2018 were analyzed using EViews program and firstly the time-dependent, non-stationary data set was stabilized. Then, the stabilized data was analyzed with VAR(3) model according to Akaike information criteria. According to the Johansen cointegration test, 2nd model was selected as the most appropriate model for the study. The variables were rearranged with error correction model and then Granger causality analysis was performed. As a result of these analysis, it was determined that Bitcoin only affected BIST100 and that there were two-way causality relation between them. In addition, a one-way causality from Nikkei225 to SSE380, from SSE380 to Bitcoin, from S&P500 to Nikkei225 and from Nikkei225 to Bitcoin were observed.
Baroclinic and barotropic instabilities in planetary atmospheres - energetics,
equilibration and adjustment

Abstract. Baroclinic and barotropic instabilities, are well known as the mechanisms responsible for the production of the dominant energy-containing eddies in the atmospheres of the Earth and several other planets, as well as the Earth's oceans. Here we consider insights provided by both linear and nonlinear instability theories into the conditions under which such instabilities may occur, with reference to forced and dissipative flows obtainable in the laboratory, in simplified numerical atmospheric circulation models and in the planets of our Solar System. The equilibration of such instabilities is also of great importance in understanding the structure and energetics of the observable circulation of atmospheres and oceans. Various ideas have been proposed concerning the ways in which baroclinic and barotropic instabilities grow to large amplitude and saturate, whilst also modifying their background flow and environment. This remains an area that continues to challenge theoreticians and observers, though some progress has been made. The notion that such instabilities may act under some conditions to adjust the background flow towards a critical state is explored here in the context of both laboratory systems and planetary atmospheres. Evidence for such adjustment processes is found relating to baroclinic instabilities under a range of conditions where the efficiency of eddy and zonal mean heat transport may mutually compensate to maintain a nearly invariant thermal structure in the zonal mean. In other systems, barotropic instabilities may efficiently mix potential vorticity to result in a flow configuration that is found to approach a marginally unstable state with respect to Arnol'd's second stability theorem. We discuss the implications of these findings and identify some outstanding open questions.
Efficacy of dexmedetomidine as an anesthetic adjuvant for functional endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia: A randomized-controlled study

Background Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) requires effective control of bleeding for better visibility of the operating field and reduced risk of injury to the optic nerve or the internal carotid artery. Dexmedetomidine can provide controlled hypotension, analgesia, and sedation. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy, safety, and advantages of dexmedetomidine as an anesthetic adjuvant for FESS. Patients and methods Fifty adult consented patients of comparable demographic profile, scheduled for FESS, were assigned randomly to two groups. Patients of group D received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 mg/kg over 10 min, followed by an infusion at 0.4-0.7 mg/kg/h and patients of group C were administered an identical amount of saline solution. During the procedure, hemodynamic changes, intraoperative surgical grade of bleeding (on the basis of the Fromme-Boezaart scale), intraoperative fentanyl consumption, emergence time, and total recovery from anesthesia (Aldrete′s score ≥9) were recorded. Results Patients of group D comparatively had a lower intraoperative heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure, along with a significantly lower bleeding score (P < 0.001). The mean intraoperative fentanyl consumption was significantly lower in patients of group D. Emergence time and time to achieve an Aldrete′s score 9 or more were significantly lower in group C at 15 and 30 min postoperatively. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine has effectively provided the ideal oligemic surgical field during FESS and offers the inherent advantages of analgesia, sedation, and anesthetic-sparing effects.