Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Flexoelectric Materials: Subsonic, Intersonic, and Supersonic Ruptures and Mach Cone Formation

Motivated by recent, unexpected, experimental observations of “intersonic” rupture growth in which both shear and dilatational Mach fronts were observed at the tips of dynamic frictional ruptures propagating at rupture speeds below the dilatational wave speed of the surrounding solid, and we formulate the general dynamic flexoelectric problem and we investigate its plane strain/plane polarization specialization. The coupling of the mechanical problem is analogous to a problem of Toupin–Mindlin gradient elasticity, where two micromechanical characteristic lengths and two microinertial lengths emerge as a combination of the mechanical, dielectric, and flexoelectric constants. The solution of the rupture growth problem allows us to provide an explanation of the experimental results. This becomes possible since flexoelectricity predicts a new aspect that was not observed in the classical analysis: subsonic super shear and supersonic crack tip (or rupture) motions are not related exclusively with the problem being elliptic or hyperbolic, respectively. This is due to the influence of the microinertial lengths, which, in addition to the ratios of the rupture to the wave speeds, also affect the slopes of the Mach cones. Moreover, we are able to explain the experimental paradox of the observation of double Mach cone pairs at the tips of supershear, but subsonic, frictional, ruptures in poly-methyl-methacrtylate (PMMA) by demonstrating that both dilatational and shear Mach cones could appear in flexoelectric solids at rupture speeds below the material dilatation wave speed, something that is impossible from the classical elasticity analysis and is due to the dispersive nature of the present problem. Our analysis is of relevance to the dynamic deformation and fracture of both synthetic and naturally occurring flexoelectric materials and systems, with implications to both engineering and earthquake source mechanics.
Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Belanja Modal Pada Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah

This study aims to determine the effect of Regional Original Income and Capital Expenditures on Local Government Financial Performance. This research was conducted in 38 Regional Organizations (OPD) found in Gianyar Regency. This study uses secondary data, namely the report on the realization of the APBD in 2015-2017. Sampling uses a saturated sample technique. OPD selected as a sample of 36 OPDs. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of data analysis shows that the Regional Original Income variable has a positive and significant effect on the financial performance of local governments, while the capital expenditure variable has a negative and significant effect on the financial performance of local governments. Keywords : Regional Original Income; Capital Expenditure; Financial Performance.
Awareness of pregnancy induced hypertension among pregnant women in Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia

Introduction Pregnancy-induced hypertension is among the leading cause of maternal mortality in Tigray regional state, Ethiopia. However, there was no study in this study area about awareness of pregnancy induced hypertension among pregnant women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess awareness of pregnancy induced hypertension among pregnant women. Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted on a total of 798 pregnant women attending antenatal care in general hospitals of Tigray Regional State. Data were collected from February to November 30, 2018. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with poor awareness and p-values < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results A total of 792 pregnant women were included in this study with a response rate of 99.2%. In this study, 41.8% of pregnant women were having poor awareness of pregnancy-induced hypertension. Primigravida, women with no formal education, women with the lowest wealth status and occupation of a housewife were significantly associated with poor awareness. Additionally, there was a significant difference in the mean score of awareness of pregnancy-induced hypertension between normotensive women and women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (Mean score difference (95% CI) = 1.90(1.35, 2.45), t = 6.75, df = 790, p < 0.001)). Conclusion A high proportion of pregnant women had poor awareness on pregnancy-induced hypertension. Health care providers should improve awareness of pregnant women about pregnancy-induced hypertension in antenatal care clinics and at a community level with a special focus of awareness on primigravida women, women with no formal education, women with lowest wealth status and housewives.
ÖĞRETMENLERİN ÖZNEL KARİYER BAŞARILARINA İLİŞKİN ALGILARI: BİR KARMA YÖNTEM ÇALIŞMASI

Bu arastirmanin amaci, 2018-2019 egitim ve ogretim yilinda Bolu il merkezindeki okul turlerinin tumunde gorev yapan ogretmenlerin oznel kariyer basarilarina iliskin algilarini ortaya cikarmak ve bu algilari cesitli degiskenler acisindan incelemektir. Karma yontem desenlerinden biri olan sirali aciklayici desenin kullanildigi arastirmada nicel veriler, Oznel Kariyer Basarisi Olcegi (Budak & Gurbuz, 2017) kullanilarak toplanilmistir. Bolu merkez ilcedeki 94 resmi okulda gorev yapan 3127 ogretmenden olusan arastirma evreni icerisinden tesadufi ornekleme yontemiyle secilen 24 resmi okulda gorev yapan 512 ogretmenden elde edilen nicel veriler, oncelikle guvenirlik analizine tabi tutulmus olup Cronbach’s alpha ic tutarlilik katsayilari (α=.808 ile α=.945 arasinda) nicel verilerin analiz icin guvenilir oldugunu gostermistir. Non-parametrik testler kullanilarak yapilan nicel analizlerin sonuclarina gore; ogretmenlerin oznel kariyer basarilarina iliskin gorusleri “kismen katiliyorum” duzeyindedir. Olcegin boyutlari arasinda en yuksek aritmetik ortalamanin Isin Anlamliligi boyutunda, en dusuk aritmetik ortalamanin Tatmin boyutunda oldugu tespit edilmistir. Ogretmenlerin medeni durum degiskeninde anlamli bir fark ortaya cikmazken; cinsiyet, gorev yapilan okul turu, mesleki kidem ve ogrenim durumu degiskenlerinde anlamli bir fark ortaya cikmistir. Nicel analiz sonucunda ortaya cikan anlamli farklari derinlemesine incelemek icin arastirmada nitel yontem kullanilmistir. Durum calismasi deseninde devam eden arastirmada, nitel veri toplama araci olarak arastirmacilar tarafindan olcme aracinin icerigine uygun olarak hazirlanan yari yapilandirilmis “Ogretmen Gorusme Formu” kullanilmistir. Nitel veriler, amacli orneklem yontemiyle secilen 32 ogretmenden elde edilmistir. Elde edilen nitel veriler, betimsel analiz yontemiyle analiz edilmis ve bu yontemle nicel sonuclarin altinda yatan gerekcelere ulasilmaya calisilmistir.
Endosomal receptor trafficking and signal transduction in Schwann cells: regulation of the Nrg1-induced PI3-kinase pathway

Neuregulin1-ErbB signaling is important for various functions during Schwann cell development and myelination. Activation of the ErbB receptors also triggers myelin breakdown in mature myelinating Schwann cells. The mechanism by which the activated ErbB receptor complex elicits multiple biological functions in Schwann cells is unclear. In Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease-the most common demyelinating neuropathy in the peripheral nervous system-many proteins involved in regulating intracellular vesicular trafficking and sorting through the endocytic pathway are found mutated. Endocytic pathways are also strongly implicated in the regulation of signal transduction by cell surface receptors. It is possible that aberrant regulation of the ErbB receptors and downstream signal activation by the impaired endocytic components contribute to the disease manifestation. The function of ErbB receptor trafficking and signal modulation in Schwann cells is largely unknown. We hypothesized that Nrg1-induced ErbB2 and ErbB3 receptor trafficking can differentially regulate signaling by spatially and temporally localizing receptors in different endocytic compartments. In this study, we show that following treatment with soluble Nrg1, internalized ErbB receptors are sorted iii into the late endosome/lysosome for degradation or transported to the recycling endosome and reappear on the cell surface. ErbB receptor recycling is also regulated by Nrg1 dose. Inhibition of receptor endocytosis by impairing dynamin activity blocked the Nrg1-induced Akt activation and abrogated the pro-myelinating effect in co-cultures.
Effect of Cooking Methods on Ascorbic Acid Destruction of Green Leafy Vegetables

Ascorbic acid is highly sensitive vitamin to various modes of cooking processes. Ethiopian green collards (Brassica carinata), locally called Ye’abesha Gomen, and cabbage (Brassica oleracea) are important green vegetables for ascorbic acid source in the country. The rate of ascorbic acid degradation in cabbage and Ethiopian green collard was studied employing two processing methods: open-pan and pressure cooking which are highly customized in household cooking. Samples were cooked at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 min under each processing method. Ascorbic acid concentration in each sample was determined by using a spectrophotometer at 520 nm wavelength using the standard plot of pure ascorbic acid solution. The initial concentration of ascorbic acid in fresh cabbage and Ethiopian green collard were found to be 33.76 ± 0.58 and 38.14 ± 0.19 mg/100 g, respectively. Well-cooked and edible Ethiopian green collard was obtained at 10 minutes of cooking time by pressure cooking with ascorbic acid retention of 31.8% from its initial contents. However, a cooking time of 25 min was required by the open-pan cooking method with 26.8% ascorbic acid retention. Edible cabbage was attained at 10 and 20 minutes of cooking time by pressure and open-pan cooking methods maintaining 36.9 and 30.9% of ascorbic acid, respectively. Thus, the pressure cooking method required short cooking time for having well-cooked and edible green leafy vegetable with better ascorbic acid retention. The outputs of this work would be helpful to design and control practical thermal processing situations and to minimize the loss of ascorbic acid in green leafy vegetables.
Medical Errors and Reporting Barriers from the Perspective of Nurses and Managers- Tabriz Shahid Madani Heart Hospital

Background and Objectives : Medical error reporting is a common way in identifying and preventing their occurrence. A proper reporting system will lead to patient safety improvement. The aim of this study was to investigate medical errors and the reporting barriers from the perspectives of nurses and managers in Tabriz Shahid Madani hospital. Material and Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 using standard questionnaire. Medical error reporting forms were reviewed during 2012. 157 nurses were selected by easy sampling method and 30 managers were enrolled in the study (census method). Results : Most of the reported medical errors (55.7%) were adverse event. Patient falls from bed were the most reported error (21%). Lack of knowledge and awareness about medical errors was the main reporting barrier from the perspectives of managers and nurses. Conclusion : To improve patients and staff safety, hospital managers should employ appropriate policies to enhance the nurses’ knowledge about medical errors and create a proper reporting culture. ​
Drought avoidance of warm‐season turfgrasses affected by irrigation system, soil surfactant revolution, and plant growth regulator trinexapac‐ethyl

A 2-yr study was conducted to investigate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), the soil surfactant Revolution (modified methyl-capped block copolymer), and the plant growth regulator PrimoMaxx (a.i. trinexapac-ethyl [TE]), on rooting, stolons, and rhizomes, percentage green turf coverage, and turf quality of ‘Princess 77’ bermudagrass [ Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ] and ‘Sea Spray’ seashore paspalum ( Paspalum vaginatum Sw.). Grasses were grown on a loamy sand and irrigated with potable or saline ground water at 50% of reference evapotranspiration. Stolon and rhizome weight were not affected by water quality, Revolution, or TE, but SDI plots had greater stolon (1.000 vs. 0.627 g m − 2 ) and rhizome biomass (0.856 vs. 0.493 g m − 2 ) than sprinkler-irrigated plots. Grasses in drip-irrigated control plots showed higher root length density (RLD) at 0–10-cm depth (15.1 vs. 8.3 cm cm − 3 ) and 10–40-cm depth (7.2 vs. 4.9 cm cm − 3 ) and higher root weight density (RWD) at 0–10-cm depth (3.5 vs. 2.2 g cm − 3 ) than their sprinkler-irrigated counterparts. Both RLD and RWD correlated significantly with turfgrass quality (August and September) and green turf cover (July–September). Chemical treatments in combination with irrigation from a sprinkler system resulted in thinner roots and higher RLD at all depths in 2013 when values were compared with the untreated control. Revolution, TE, and SDI all enhanced grasses’ drought avoidance and turf quality, but chemical treatments did not appear to provide additional improvements to grasses in plots irrigated with SDI.
Rethinking Public Appeals: Experimental Evidence on Presidential Performances

While scholars have traditionally evaluated the influence of presidential appeals on approval and policy preferences, we investigate a different site of possible effects: on the public’s evaluations of whether the president represents the best interests of the country, embodies national values, and fulfills the essential obligations of his office — that is, whether he is presidential. We construct a novel presidentialism scale, which we show to be meaningfully distinct from other measures of perceptions of the president. Across four experiments conducted during the Trump presidency, we recover consistently positive and substantively large effects. Members of the public randomly encouraged to watch Trump’s Inaugural Address were more likely to say that he fulfills the duties, expectations, and norms of his office. Though these effects attenuated in magnitude, they remained discernible in every experiment we conducted. We find no evidence that Trump’s addresses changed people’s policy views. Our findings point toward new ways of assessing the character and significance of presidential appeals. ∗For helpful feedback on earlier versions of this paper, we thank George Edwards, Anthony Fowler, Justin Grimmer, Josh Kalla, Sam Kernell, Eric Posner, Lisa Wedeen, and B. Dan Wood. Standard disclaimers apply. Online Appendix available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1561/112.00000002_app ISSN 2689-4823; DOI 10.1561/112.00000002 © 2020 W. G. Howell, E. Porter, and T. J. Wood
Retention of Passive Integrated Transponders (PIT) Tags in Juvenile Rainbow Trout and Brown Trout

Retention and mortality rates of 243 Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (73-119 mm) implanted with 8, 9, and 10 mm Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags and 173 Brown Trout Salmo trutta (71-86 mm) implanted 8 and 10 mm PIT tags were examined in a hatchery setting. Retention rates were 95.9% for Rainbow Trout and 100% for Brown Trout over the study period. Only six Rainbow Trout ejected tags. With the 8 mm tags, two ejections occurred in the first seven days, one occurred between days nine and 15, and one occurred between days 22 and 50. One Rainbow Trout ejected a 9 mm between days 22 and 50, and another Rainbow Trout ejected a 10 mm tag in the first seven days. There were no significant differences in weight or length of fish that ejected their tags. Over the course of the study, survival was 100% for both species. This study documents that Rainbow Trout can be successfully tagged at a minimum TL of 73 mm and Brown Trout at minimum TL of 71 mm with no adverse effects on tag retention or survival.
Differentiation is key: should employers offer something unique or the same yet better?

ABSTRACT Researchers agree that employers should differentiate themselves from their competitors to become the employer of choice. However, from the recruitment literature, it is not clear how employers should differentiate their employment offers. Building upon the structural alignment theory, we investigated in two experimental studies whether offering something unique (i.e., non-alignable attributes; e.g., offer a benefit package when competitors do not) or offering the same yet better (i.e., alignable attributes; e.g., offer a bigger benefit package than competitors) is the most effective differentiation strategy for employment offers and whether this depends on job seekers’ work experience. Offering the same yet better affected job seekers’ preferences more positively than offering something unique in lowly complex judgement and decision-making situations (Study 1) as well as in highly complex judgement and decision-making situations if job seekers had more work experience (Study 2). Hence, our findings suggest that differentiation strategies matter: employers should differentiate by offering the same yet better, particularly when they look for highly experienced job seekers in highly complex judgement and decision-making situations.
Inferring Zambia’s HIV prevalence from a selected sample

ABSTRACT This paper estimates HIV prevalence in Zambia from survey data that are subject to sample selection: some surveyed individuals do not consent to take an HIV test. We introduce semiparametric estimators that incorporate recent developments in machine learning. The semiparametric estimators perform well in Monte Carlo experiments and obtain narrower confidence intervals than a fully parametric estimator when the model is misspecified. Our semiparametric estimates of the HIV rate are roughly equal to the rate in the selected sample. In contrast, recent parametric estimates find a higher rate – implying that some form of sample-selection correction is warranted. Further, parametric estimates find a 14% decline in Zambia’s HIV prevalence from 2007 to 2014, whereas semiparametric estimates find that the HIV rate was relatively stable over this time period.
Social Context Matters: Predictors of Quality of Life among Recently Arrived Refugee Women-at-Risk Living in Australia

Abstract Little is known about the predictors of quality of life among refugee women. 104 refugee women-at-risk were recruited within 6 months of arriving in Australia. A structured questionnaire was administered using standardized tools to assess pre-migration trauma, post-migration living difficulties, social capital, social networks, and quality of life. Hierarchical multiple and logistic regressions assessed factors predicting quality of life. Post-migration factors such as low trust in the community, and lack of support from individuals in their social networks predicted poorer quality of life. These findings have implications for community and social programs for refugee women-at-risk.
Optimization of the synthesis of het/aryl-amidoximes using an efficient green chemistry

Abstract This work focuses on optimizing an efficient green synthesis of arylamidoximes from appropriate nitrile and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in water and triethylamine (1.6 mol equivalent) as a base at room temperature for 6 h. This new green synthetic methodology is compared with previously known methods. The main advantages of this new process reported are good yield, easier work-up and short reaction times. Moreover, some of the synthesized arylamidoximes converted to 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives 13a,b and 14 via the reaction with (4-acetylphenoxy)acetic acid 12. Graphical Abstract
How Do Social Information Cues Affect Consumers' Product Choice Experiences? Findings from a Controlled Online Experiment

Social media change the way consumers gather and evaluate information when choosing products. To benefit from this development, online sellers have begun augmenting product presentations with social information cues like sales numbers or product ratings. While such cues can influence consumers ’ buying behavior, it remains unclear how they affect consumers ’ product choice experiences. This makes it difficult to use them in a systematic man-ner. Using the stimulus-organism-response paradigm, we develop a research model to explain how a social information cue affects consumers ’ satisfaction with their product choice via perceived choice difficulty and enjoyment. We evaluate it in a controlled online experiment, in which 147 participants used versions of an e-commerce website with varying social information cues. The results indicate that the provisioning of social information cues positively affects the choice satisfaction by decreasing the perceived choice difficulty and increasing enjoyment. The effects of individual cues vary considerably, however.
EFFECT OF CHAMOMILE FLOWER ADDITION TO DIETS OF LACTATING ZARAIBI GOATS ON ITS PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

This work was done to investigate the effects of the use of chamomile flower in the diet of goats on milk production and its composition as well as milk quality. In addition, the effect of these dietary treatments on blood profile and metabolism was examined. The 40 Zaraibi goats during the first lactation period were divided into four equal groups (10 each). Animals in the G1, G2, G3, and G4 groups received 0, 1, 2 and 3 g chamomile / head / day, respectively, in their regimens. The study was conducted in three stages of the breast-feeding season (the early, middle and late breast-feeding periods), suggesting that daily milk production increased with increasing chamomile levels. In goat's milk and the difference is important during milking, fat, fat, protein, digestibility and total fat (SNF) are increased by conversion. Use of chamomile in goat's diet, especially at high levels (3 g / head / day), the highest standing milk fat percentage (%) was recorded. The slowest and lowest lactation was found during early lactation, and chamomile significantly reduced the number of somatic cells (SCC) during all stages of breastfeeding and; The somatic cell count is higher than in the period of lactation and then decreased the minimum level during the middle of the breast and then rose again to reach a maximum at the end of breastfeeding. Regarding blood profiles, the data obtained showed that most of the haematochemical parameters were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by the tested regime. However, cholesterol and ALT enzymes were reduced while serum total protein, glucose, and phosphorus were increased, resulting in the addition of chamomile to the regime. In the same way, both MCHC% and lymphocytes increase with increasing chamomile levels in goat volumes, especially at high therapeutic levels. Digestion based on DMS and CMS are better with 4 G (1,139 and 0.133, respectively), followed by G3 (1,152 and 0.133, respectively) and the last G1 (1, 226 and 0.147). Therefore, the use of chamomile in goat feeding during different breast-feeding periods (early and mid-lactation stages) had a positive effect on milk production and nutritional supplementation in addition to reduced SCC. And thus, improve milk quality.