Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consequences of planetary migration on the minor bodies of the early solar system

Pebble accretion is an efficient mechanism that is able to build up the core of the giant planets within the lifetime of the protoplanetary disc gas-phase. The core grows via this process until the protoplanet reaches its pebble isolation mass and starts to accrete gas. During the growth, the protoplanet undergoes a rapid, large-scale, inward migration due to the interactions with the gaseous protoplanetary disc. In this work, we have investigated how this early migration would have affected the minor body populations in our solar system. In particular, we focus on the Jupiter Trojan asteroids (bodies in the coorbital resonance 1:1 with Jupiter, librating around the L4 and L5 Lagrangian points called, respectively, the leading and the trailing swarm) and the Hilda asteroids. We characterised their orbital parameter distributions after the disc dispersal and their formation location and compare them to the same populations produced in a classical in situ growth model. We find that a massive and eccentric Hilda group is captured during the migration from a region between 5 and 8 au and subsequently depleted during the late instability of the giant planets. Our simulations also show that inward migration of the giant planets always produces a Jupiter Trojans’ leading swarm more populated than the trailing one, with a ratio comparable to the current observed Trojan asymmetry ratio. The in situ formation of Jupiter, on the other hand, produces symmetric swarms. The reason for the asymmetry is the relative drift between the migrating planet and the particles in the coorbital resonance. The capture happens during the growth of Jupiter’s core and Trojan asteroids are afterwards carried along during the giant planet’s migration to their final orbits. The asymmetry and eccentricity of the captured Trojans correspond well to observations, but their inclinations are near zero and their total mass is three to four orders of magnitude higher than the current population. Future modelling will be needed to understand whether the dynamical evolution of the Trojans over billions of years will raise the inclinations and deplete the masses to observed values.
Light-hadron spectrum in quenched lattice QCD with staggered quarks

Without chiral extrapolation, we achieved a realistic nucleon to \ensuremath{\rho}-meson mass ratio of ${m}_{N}{/m}_{\ensuremath{\rho}}=1.23\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02(\mathrm{syst})$ in our quenched lattice QCD numerical calculation with staggered quarks. The systematic error is mostly from the finite-volume effect and the finite-spacing effect is negligible. The flavor symmetry breaking in the pion and \ensuremath{\rho} meson is no longer visible. The lattice cutoff is set at $3.63\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06\mathrm{GeV},$ the spatial lattice volume is $(2.59\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05\mathrm{fm}{)}^{3},$ and bare quark masses as low as 4.5 MeV are used. Possible quenched chiral effects in the hadron mass are discussed.
Formulation, Device, and Clinical Factors Influencing the Targeted Delivery of COVID-19 Vaccines to the Lungs

The COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be an unprecedented health crisis in the human history with more than 5 million deaths worldwide caused to the SARS-CoV-2 and its variants (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019). The currently authorized lipid nanoparticle (LNP)–encapsulated mRNA vaccines have been shown to have more than 90% vaccine efficacy at preventing COVID-19 illness (Baden et al. New England J Med 384(5):403–416, 2021; Thomas et al., 2021). In addition to vaccines, other small molecules belonging to the class of anti-viral and anti-inflammatory compounds have also been prescribed to reduce the viral proliferation and the associated cytokine storm. These anti-viral and anti-inflammatory compounds have also been shown to be effective in reducing COVID-19 exacerbations especially in reducing the host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2. However, all of the currently FDA-authorized vaccines for COVID-19 are meant for intramuscular injection directly into the systemic circulation. Also, most of the small molecules investigated for their anti-COVID-19 efficacy have also been explored using the intravenous route with a few of them explored for the inhalation route (Ramakrishnan et al. Lancet Respir Med 9:763–772, 2021; Horby et al. N Engl J Med 384(8):693–704, 2021). The fact that the SARS-CoV-2 enters the human body mainly via the nasal and airway route resulting in the lungs being the primary organs of infection as characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)–mediated cytokine storm in the alveolar region has made the inhalation route gain significant attention for the purposes of targeting both vaccines and small molecules to the lungs (Mitchell et al., J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 33(4):235–8, 2020). While there have been many studies reporting the safety and efficacy of targeting various therapeutics to the lungs to treat COVID-19, there is still a need to match the choice of inhalation formulation and the delivery device platform itself with the patient-related factors like breathing pattern and respiratory rate as seen in a clinical setting. In that perspective, this review aims to describe the various formulation and patient-related clinical factors that can play an important role in the judicious choice of the inhalation delivery platforms or devices for the development of inhaled COVID-19 vaccines.
Photoelectrical Properties of the SBN Relaxor Ceramics in the Range of the Broad Phase Transition

Abstract A study of the effects of white light on photocurrent kinetics and the low and infra-low frequency relaxation of polarization in the barium-strontium niobate SBN‑75 ceramics is reported. It is found that at a low intensity illumination in the range of the relaxor phase the space charge is mainly responsible for manifestation of photo-electrical properties of SBN-75 ceramics.
Análise dos transientes de ondas de tensão em ambos os extremos de uma linha quarto de onda e analogia com o fenômeno de reflexão e transmissão de ondas eletromagnéticas

The stationary values of voltage amplitude wave in both extremities of a quarter wavelength line were determined trough a transient analysis, for an incident sin-type voltage wavefront. Multiple partial reflections and transmission of the incident wave were taken account, together with the phase shift due to propagation. Generic expressions for the general case of a line of arbitrary length were also determined. It was shown that there is analogy between the formalism developed in this work and the reflection and transmission of electromagnetic waves, in the interface between two different dielectric medium.
Results of spatial and temporal characterization of the VHF‐UHF radiation of lightning

A 300-MHz interferometric imaging system has been used for the characterization of the VHF-UHF electromagnetic radiation from lightning flashes. Results are presented, with emphasis on typical phenomenology, in particular through correlations with the electrical activity description from an E field sensor network. At the microsecond time scale the VHF-UHF radiation appears impulsive, either as low rate pulsed emissions or as bursts of pulses. The low-rate emissions (below 20 pulses/ms) are usually present during important intracloud charge transfers and correspond to spread out sources over distances of the order of 1 km. The bursts last from several hundred microseconds to a few milliseconds, and they are associated with highly organized propagations of sources in the 107-m/s velocity range extending over distances of several kilometers. They appear in all phases of the lightning flash and are not associated with large charge transfers. Their spatial evolution and chronology with respect to the electrical phenomenology, in particular during precursor phenomena, indicate a decorrelation between electromagnetic phenomenology and the typical electrical phenomenology.
GLP‐1 induces alpha cell proliferation and overrides leptin suppression induced by negative energy balance in vagotomized rats

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) influences energy balance by exerting effects on food intake and glucose metabolism, through mechanisms that are partially dependent on the vagal pathway. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of chronic GLP‐1 stimulation on energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism in the absence of vagal innervation
Hunting submartingales in the jumping voter model and the biased annihilating branching process

Two species (designated by 0's and 1's) compete for territory on a lattice according to the rules of a voter model, except that the 0's jump d 0 spaces and the 1's jump d 1 spaces. When d 0 = d 1 = 1 the model is the usual voter model. It is shown that in one dimension, if d 1 > d 0 and d 0 = 1,2 and initially there are infinitely many blocks of 1's of length ≥ d 1, then the 1's eliminate the 0's. It is believed this may be true whenever d 1 > d 0. In the biased annihilating branching process particles place offspring on empty neighbouring sites at rate λ and neighbouring pairs of particles coalesce at rate 1. In one dimension it is known to converge to the product measure density λ/(1+λ) when λ ≥ 1/3, and the initial configuration is non-zero and finite. This result is extended to λ ≥ 0.0347. Bounds on the edge-speed are given.
Griffiths-like phase of magnetocaloric R5(SixGe1−x)4 (R=Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho)

A. M. Pereira,1,* L. Morellon,2,3 C. Magen,4 J. Ventura,1 P. A. Algarabel,2 M. R. Ibarra,2,3 J. B. Sousa,1 and J. P. Araujo1 1IFIMUP and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Fisica da Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal 2Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain 3Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon, Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain 4Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon-ARAID, Departamento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain ! Received 29 July 2010; revised manuscript received 12 October 2010; published 16 November 2010"
Supercontinuum Generation Using a Polarization-Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fibre by a Regeneratively Amplified Ti:Sapphire Laser

Supercontinuum with an ultra-broad bandwidth in the range from 380 nm to 1750 nm was generated by injecting 250 kHz 200 fs optical pulses produced by a regeneratively amplified Ti:sapphire laser into a 2.5-m-long polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fibre (PCF). It is indicated that the mechanism for the supercontinuum generation in the anomalous dispersion region of the PCF are directly related to the Raman effect, the fission of higher-order solitons, nonsolitonic radiation, and the coinstantaneous effect of four-wave mixing. The frequency components beyond 1.4 μm were also observed. It is interpreted that the energy of solitons is shifted beyond the OH absorption with a higher input power.
Polarimetry of the eclipsing polar RX J0929.1 — 2404

We report polarimetric, spectropolarimetric and photometric observations of the eclipsing ROSAT cataclysmic variable RX J0929.1−2404, which confirm that the system is a new polar (AM Herculis system). This brings the number of eclipsing polars to nine, with RX J0929.1−2404 being only the third such system above the period gap. Circular polarization variations from ∼−20 to 10 per cent are seen over the 3.39-h orbital period, with a minimum around the time of eclipse. The photopolarimetric data were modelled using arc-shaped cyclotron emission regions in a centred dipole geometry. Results imply that RX J0929.1−2404 is a ‘two-pole’ system, with one emission region partially visible at all orbital phases. Spectropolarimetry observations show some evidence for the presence of cyclotron humps in the continuum, with spacings consistent with a magnetic field strength of ∼20 MG. Photometry of the eclipses provides information on the size of the emission region, which is consistent with a hotspot on the surface of the white dwarf. The eclipse duration implies an inclination in the range 70°≲i≲78°.
University of Birmingham Sustainable water resources management assessment frameworks (SWRM-AF) for arid and semi-arid regions

: Sustainable water resources management assessment frameworks (SWRM-AF) with asso-ciated indicators and benchmarks have appeared widely during the last decades to improve or maintain water resources. Examination or evaluation of their appropriateness and refinement for particular arid and semi-arid regions is a relatively unexplored area. To fill this gap in knowledge, a systematic review of relevant 21st century studies identified within two extensive databases, Scopus and Engineering Village, and in grey literature, is undertaken in this study. Therein, 17 studies are identified and thoroughly explored to identify their focus, application, and framework construction. The results of the comparative analysis among these frameworks show that the average numbers of components and indicators are 4.5 and 17.6, respectively. Meanwhile, categorical rescaling (47.1%), equal weighting (47.1%), arithmetic technique (82.35%), local scale (52.8%), and interval of the final index value of [0 – 100] (41.2%) are the most commonly used normalization methods and elements. The paper concludes that none of the existing tools reviewed is 100% applicable for arid and semi-arid regions, and therefore the case is made for developing a new bespoke SWRM-AF. The outcomes of this paper provide some useful insights into what should be included therein (e.g., stakeholder engagement and specific indicators to fit the context).
Risk-Taking, Capital Allocation and Monetary Policy∗

We study the implications of firm heterogeneity for business cycle dynamics and monetary policy. Firms differ in their exposure to aggregate risk, which leads to dispersion in costs of capital that influence micro-level resource allocations. The heterogeneous firm economy can be recast as a representative firm New Keynesian model, but where total factor productivity (TFP) endogenously depends on the micro-allocation. The monetary policy regime determines the nature of aggregate risk and hence shapes the allocation and long-run level/dynamics of TFP. Welfare losses from policies ignoring heterogeneity can be substantial, which stem largely from a less productive allocation of resources. JEL Classifications: D24, E12, E22, E44, E52, E63
Anomalous Arctic surface wind patterns and their impacts on September sea ice minima and trend

ABSTRACT We used monthly mean surface wind data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Centers for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis dataset during the period 1979–2010 to describe the first two patterns of Arctic surface wind variability by means of the complex vector empirical orthogonal function (CVEOF) analysis. The first two patterns respectively account for 31 and 16% of its total anomalous kinetic energy. The leading pattern consists of the two subpatterns: the northern Laptev Sea (NLS) pattern and the Arctic dipole (AD) pattern. The second pattern contains the northern Kara Sea (NKS) pattern and the central Arctic (CA) pattern. Over the past two decades, the combined dynamical forcing of the first two patterns has contributed to Arctic September sea ice extent (SIE) minima and its declining trend. September SIE minima are mainly associated with the negative phase of the AD pattern and the positive phase of the CA pattern during the summer (July to September) season, and both phases coherently show an anomalous anticyclone over the Arctic Ocean. Wind patterns affect September SIE through their frequency and intensity. The negative trend in September SIE over the past two decades is associated with increased frequency and enhanced intensity of the CA pattern during the melting season from April to September. Thus, it cannot be simply attributed to the AD anomaly characterised by the second empirical orthogonal function mode of sea level pressure north of 70°N. The CA pattern exhibited interdecadal variability in the late 1990s, and an anomalous cyclone prevailed before 1997 and was then replaced by an anomalous anticyclone over the Arctic Ocean that is consistent with the rapid decline trend in September SIE. This paper provides an alternative way to identify the dominant patterns of climate variability and investigate their associated Arctic sea ice variability from a dynamical perspective. Indeed, this study investigates only the role of surface wind dynamical forcing in resulting September SIE minima and trend in terms of CVEOF, without even considering contributions from other factors.
Dentist-related factors influencing the use of vital pulp therapy: a survey among dental practitioners in China

Objective To evaluate dentist-related factors associated with the use of vital pulp therapy (VPT) for the treatment of pulp exposures in permanent teeth. Methods This survey-based study sent an online questionnaire to collect data on the demographics of the respondents, the use of VPT and the choice of materials for VPT, to all members of the Society of Endodontology of Guangdong, China. Results A total 183 of 380 members responded (48.2%). The majority (89.6%; 164 of 183) had performed direct pulp capping (DPC) while 55.2% (101 of 183) had performed partial pulpotomy (PP) at least once. The most-cited reason for not performing VPT was unfamiliarity with the technique. Mineral trioxide aggregate was the most commonly used material for both DPC (67.1%; 110 of 164) and PP (73.3%; 74 of 101). Endodontists, compared with general practitioners, preferred to perform DPC and chose calcium silicate materials (CSMs) for VPT (odds ratios 5.81 and 8.07, respectively). DPC and CSMs for VPT were also favoured more by respondents who had practised for > 5 years. Senior respondents were more likely to use PP. Conclusions Speciality, years of practise and age of dentists influenced the decision making and the choice of materials for VPT. Continuing education is essential to promote the clinical use of VPT.
Modelling Inflation Uncertainty with Structural Breaks Case of Turkey (1994–2013)

In recent years, the importance attached to the concept of volatility has increased and become a phenomenon frequently encountered in every field ranging from financial markets to macroeconomic indicators. In this study, inflation data obtained from CPI index for the period of 1994:01–2013:12 in Turkey was used to determine the best representative of the inflation uncertainty. To realize this, both symmetric and asymmetric GARCH-type models were employed. Since there are many factors that may lead to structural change within the economic course of Turkey, a structural break in the series has first been investigated. By administering Bai-Perron structural break test, two different break points both in mean and variance have been detected to be in February 2002 and in June 2001, respectively. The inclusion of those break points to the related equations, appropriate forecasting models were projected. Moreover it was found that, while in the periods prior to the break in both variance and mean the inflation itself was the reason for inflation uncertainty, following the dates of the break, the relationship changed bidirectionally. In the meantime, when the series was taken as a whole without considering the break, bidirectional causality relationship was also detected in the series.
Gestational Diabetes Self-Care Behavior: An Empowerment Educational Intervention Based on BASNEF Model

Background: Gestational diabetes is a widespread pregnancy-related health problem. Its associated complications can be minimized by empowering women to enhance their self-care behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention using the Beliefs, Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model on Gestational Diabetes Self-Care Behaviors (GD-SCB) among gestational diabetic woman. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed at the outpatient clinic, El-Shatby hospital, Alexandria, Egypt, on 180 gestational diabetic women (91 intervention and 89 control groups). Data were collected from April to November 2019 using an interviewing schedule involving sociodemographic characteristics and obstetrics/medical history, BASNEF model questionnaire, and gestational diabetes self-care behavior scale. Results: The findings revealed that an absence of statistically significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics and obstetrics/medical history between the intervention and control groups. Two months post-intervention, all BASNEF model subcontracts and total GD-SCB showed significant improvement in the intervention than the control group; knowledge (F1 = 173.92, p < 0.001), personal beliefs (F1 = 286.54, p < 0.001), subjective norms (F1 = 248.82, p < 0.001), behavioral intention (F1 = 235.43, p < 0.001), enabling factors (F1 = 59.71, p < 0.001), and total GD-SCB (F1 = 775.10, p < 0.001). The effect size showed that 48.60% of the improvement within the intervention group total GD-SCB was due to the intervention. Conclusions: Empowerment through education using the BASNEF model for enhancing GD-SCB was effective and beneficial. Therefore, it can serve as a basic framework for constructing and executing educational programs in the field.
What are the Factors that Enhance Metacognitive Skills in Nursing Students? A Systematic Review

Background: Metacognitive skills have an important role in training efficient learners and competent clinicians in health professions education. The aim of this systematized review was to determine the factors enhancing metacognitive skills in nursing students. Materials and Methods: For data collection, we searched the databases of PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Springer, EMBASE, Science Direct, PsycInfo, Nursing and Allied Health, and ERIC up to the end of March 2019, using the study key words. We used PRISMA flowchart diagram for reporting the results of the study. Peer-reviewed articles in English, addressing factors enhancing metacognition in nursing students, were included in our review. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist was used for assessing the quality of the included studies. Results: Out of 2355 studies, 16 were included for the review. Several factors, namely “specific curricular activities,” “self-regulated e-learning modules,” “e-portfolio,” “cognitive apprenticeship,” “specific teaching techniques for classroom and experiential settings,” “metacognitive wrappers,” “problem-based learning,” “blended learning,” “grit,” and “clinical log,” enhancing metacognition in nursing students, were extracted. Conclusions: The findings of our study can contribute to planning for improvement of learners' metacognitive skills. However, there is a need for future research on determining further factors influencing nursing students' metacognitive skills.