Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patterns of reproductive isolation between two groups of Schizotetranychus miscanthi Saito (Acari: Tetranychidae) showing different male aggression traits

In our previous report, we showed that there is strong reproductive isolation between two groups of the subsocial spider mite species, Schizotetranychus miscanthi Saito. S. miscanthi can be distinguished into two groups by differences in male-to-male aggressiveness: one has high and the other has low male-aggression. In this paper, we studied in detail the pattern of reproductive isolation between these two groups. We found isolation to occur at two different stages. Namely, the first barrier decreased the rate of egg fertilization (pre-zygotic isolation) and the second one hindered immature development (post-zygotic isolation). However, we did not observe obvious depression of hatchability, which is often observed in spider mites. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the patterns of incompatibility between females originating from different localities, when they were crossed with males of the other aggression group.These differences in incompatibility patterns were unusual and have been difficult to explain so far. The factors that account for these differences in this spider mite is a problem for future studies.
The efficacy of the colour‐ringing system used for herring gulls Larus argentatus and lesser black‐backed gulls Larus fuscus in Bristol 1980–1997

Details of the colour‐ringing scheme used for nestlings of the Herring and Lesser Black‐backed Gulls which breed on rooftops in Bristol are presented. Mean recovery rates of 61.0% and 55.1% respectively have been achieved, showing that the information return on birds after fledging is significantly higher than that achieved by the use of metal rings alone or by using standard colour and metal ring combinations. High recovery rates and rapid data collection are possible if ringers make the effort to find their colour‐ringed birds. An increase in interest in the large gull species particularly during the last five years amongst non‐ringers has resulted in an increase in reporting rates. Repeat sightings of colour‐ringed individuals, too, can be numerous. It is proposed that in terms of results obtained, the system used in Bristol is a most effective tool for in‐depth studies on the large gulls and, possibly, other larger bird species.
Detecting multiple replicating signals using adaptive filtering procedures

Replicability is a fundamental quality of scientific discoveries: we are interested in those signals that are detectable in different laboratories, study populations, across time etc. Unlike meta-analysis which accounts for experimental variability but does not guarantee replicability, testing a partial conjunction (PC) null aims specifically to identify the signals that are discovered in multiple studies. In many contemporary applications, e.g., comparing multiple high-throughput genetic experiments, a large number $M$ of PC nulls need to be tested simultaneously, calling for a multiple comparisons correction. However, standard multiple testing adjustments on the $M$ PC $p$-values can be severely conservative, especially when $M$ is large and the signals are sparse. We introduce AdaFilter, a new multiple testing procedure that increases power by adaptively filtering out unlikely candidates of PC nulls. We prove that AdaFilter can control FWER and FDR as long as data across studies are independent, and has much higher power than other existing methods. We illustrate the application of AdaFilter with three examples: microarray studies of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, single-cell RNA sequencing of T cells in lung cancer tumors and GWAS for metabolomics.
Molecular characterisation of 18 Pratylenchus species using rDNA Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism

The RFLP technique was used to establish a reliable diagnostic method for 18 Pratylenchus species: Pratylenchus agilis, P. bolivianus, P. brachyurus, P. coffeae, P. crenatus, P. fallax, P. goodeyi, P. loosi, P. mediterraneus, P. neglectus, P. penetrans, P. pratensis, P. pseudocoffeae, P. scribneri, P. subranjani, P. thornei, P. vulnus and P. zeae. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified the ITS regions from all species and populations examined and revealed large differences in length, ranging in size from approximately 900 to 1250 bp. The rDNA fragments were digested with five restriction enzymes (CfoI, DdeI, HindIII, HpaII, and PstI). All Pratylenchus species can be differentiated from each other by a combination of at least two enzymes. CfoI differentiated all nematode species with the exception of P. fallax, P. penetrans and P. pseudocoffeae. P. fallax was further separated by a DdeI restriction, and P. pseudocoffeae by a PstI digestion. Intraspecific RFLP were observed. Upon CfoI, DdeI, HindIII, or HpaII digestion, it was possible to separate the three P. coffeae populations studied from each other. La technique RFLP a ete utilisee pour creer une methode fiable de diagnostic pour 18 especes de Pratylenchus: Pratylenchus agilis, P. bolivianus, P. brachyurus, P. coffeae, P. crenatus, P. fallax, P. goodeyi, P. loosi, P. mediterraneus, P. neglectus, P. penetrans, P. pratensis, P. pseudocoffeae, P. scribneri, P. subranjani, P. thornei, P. vulnus et P. zeae. La reaction de polymerisation en chaine (PCR) a amplifie les regions de l’ITS pour toutes les especes et populations etudiees et a mis en evidence de grandes differences dans la taille des gammes de longueur, de 900 a 1250 bp approximativement. Les fragments de rDNA ont ete digeres a l’aide de cinq enzymes de restriction (CfoI, DdeI, HindIII, HpaII, and PstI). Toutes les especes de Pratylenchus ont pu etre differenciees les unes des autres par une combinaison d’au moins deux enzymes. CfoI a differencie toutes les especes a l’exception de P. fallax, P. penetrans et P. pseudocoffeae. P. fallax a ete ulterieurement separe par une restriction DdeI, et P. pseudocoffeae par une digestion PstI. Des RFLP intraspecifiques ont ete observes. Par les digestions CfoI, DdeI, HindIII, ou HpaII, il s’est revele possible de separer les unes des autres les trois populations etudiees de P. coffeae.
Olive Oil Wastewaters from Northern Morocco: Physicochemical Characterization and Antibacterial activity of Polyphenols

This work examines the influence of extraction system, growing season and production site on some physicochemical parameters of olive oil mill wastewaters (OMW) samples generated in Taza province (northern Morocco). Antibacterial activity of OMW polyphenols extracts was tested against certain strains known for their pathogenicity. ANOVA analysis showed that pH, electrical conductivity and total phenols content were mainly under the influence of the extraction system, while chlorides content variability was largely due to the effect of production site and its interaction with extraction system. Moreover, mean comparison statistics revealed that the highest value of total phenols content was recorded in OMW obtained using triple phase centrifugation decanter , whereas, OMW released by super pressure revealed the lowest pH. Among sites, BniFrassen exhibited higher values for electrical conductivity and chlorides content. Significant difference was observed, between the two growing seasons, only for total phenols content. The two principal component (PC) axes accounted for 80% of total variance. PC1 was better explained by production site, while system extraction and growing season fitted PC2 variability. For the in vitro bioassays, OMW polyphenols extracts showed a differential antibacterial activity against the four bacteria studied. This variability depends mainly on the tested microorganism and the concentration of polyphenols extract. In fact, a complete inhibition of growth forall the strains was observed at a concentration of 0.205 mg/ml of polyphenols. Received 19 Dec 2016, Revised 16 Mar 2017, Accepted 18 Mar 2017
Leiopelma pakeka, n. sp. (Anura: Leiopelmatidae), a cryptic species of frog from Maud Island, New Zealand, and a reassessment of the conservation status of L. hamiltoni from Stephens Island

Patterns of allozyme variation reveal that frogs from Maud Island, New Zealand, here designated Leiopelma pakeka, n sp , are specifically distinct from L hamiltoni from Stephens Island Previously, the two populations had been thought to be conspecific Leiopelma pakeka shows limited morphological differentiation from L hamiltoni, but is highly distinct genetically Among 12 allozyme loci resolved from toe tissue, the two taxa showed fixed differences at two loci and one significant frequency difference L hamiltoni was genetically more similar to L archeyi (Nei's D = 0 18) than to L pakeka (D = 0 24) The discovery that Maud Island and Stephens Island frogs are distinct species increases the conservation significance of both as the single known population of each species L hamiltoni is one of the world's rarest frogs and warrants the highest level of conservation protection
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION IN FIVE SPECIES OF BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA THAT HOST ALGAL ENDOSYMBIONTS

Oxygen production and consumption were measured in five species of benthic foraminifers using a “Clark-type” oxygen electrode. Net photosynthesis and respiration were calculated and normalized to μg chlorophyll a for the chlorophyte-bearing soritid foraminifers Archaias ( Ar. ) angulatus and Cyclorbiculina compressa , and the diatom-bearing amphisteginids Amphistegina gibbosa , Am. lessonii , and Am. radiata . Chlorophyll a concentrations were 40–50% lower in C. compressa than in the four other species. Photosynthesis/Irradiance (P/E) curves were generated by fitting data to the hyperbolic tangent equation, P = P max tanh (α E/P max ), yielding the derived photosynthetic parameters, P max , α, and E k . Calculated maximum oxygen production (P max ), when normalized to chl a, was 3–4× higher in the soritids than in the amphisteginids. Photosynthetic efficiency (α) was approximately two-fold higher in Am. gibbosa and ~50% higher in Am. lessonii than in the soritids. Calculated P/E data for Am. radiata were too variable to estimate an α. Median E k , which indicates approaching light saturation, was 13 μmol photon m −2 s −1 for Am. gibbosa and Am. radiata, 26 μmol photon m −2 sec −1 for Am. lessonii , and 86 and 122 μmol photon m −2 sec −1 respectively for Ar. angulatus and C. compressa . These values are consistent with the habitats occupied by these foraminifers and with results of previous studies that used other methods. Median factorial metabolic scope, which is the ratio of respiration rate under normal activity to resting metabolic rate, was 2–4 for the amphisteginids versus 9–10 for the soritids. Archaias angulatus, C. compressa and Am. lessonii appear to be net primary producers, whereas Am. gibbosa and Am. radiata are net consumers.
Spatial and temporal variability in the diet of juvenile Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) in Prince William Sound, Alaska

The diet of juvenile Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, from four bays in Prince William Sound, Alaska, varied spatially and seasonally. In Zaikof Bay, which was sampled in each season, stomach fullness of this herring was highest in May and declined significantly through the winter. Diversity of prey taxa in the diet was highest in June, after the spring phytoplankton bloom. In October, Oikopleura species were dominant in the fish diets of all bays. In March, fish eggs, Cirripedia nauplii, small Calanoida, and large Calanoida were the dominant prey in Eaglek, Simpson, Whale, and Zaikof bays, respectively. Energy density of stomach contents was highest in May, highlighting the importance of high lipid copepod taxa in Zaikof Bay. Estimated assimilation rates suggest that the diets of smaller age-0 herring provide close to maintenance levels of energy prior to winter. Therefore, variability in diet composition and diet energy density could account for relative differences in nutritional conditions of age-0 he.
The effect of total immunoglobulin levels, mass and condition on the first-year survival of Grey Seal pups

Summary 1. A joint live-recapture/live-resighting/dead-recovery mark–recapture model was used to investigate the effect of serum gammaglobulin (IgG) levels, sex, mass and condition (mass/length as a surrogate for total body fat) at weaning on the probability of survival from weaning to age 1, in Grey Seal (Halichoerus grypus Fabricius 1791) pups born at two different breeding colonies (Isle of May and Farne Islands) in two different years (1997 and 1998). 2. It was found that increased mass or condition at weaning had a positive effect on the first year survival of Grey Seal pups born at both colonies. Males had a lower probability of survival than females. 3. Higher postweaning circulating IgG concentrations also decreased the probability of survival. It is not known if those pups with high IgG were individuals with naturally higher circulating concentrations or because titres were elevated due to antigenic challenge.
Willamette River Basin surface water isoscape (δ18O and δ2H): temporal changes of source water within the river

Determining how water sources for rivers vary over time can greatly enhance our understanding and management of land use and climate change impacts on rivers. Because the stable isotope composition of precipitation can vary geographically, variation in the stable isotope composition of river water may be able to identify source water dynamics. We monitored the stable isotope values (δ18O and δ2H) of river and stream water within the southern Willamette River Basin in western Oregon over two years. Within this basin, eighty-four percent of the isotopic variation in small tributary streams was explained by the mean elevation of the catchments, whereas seasonal variation was minimal. However, water within the Willamette River had distinct isotopic seasonal patterns that likely occurred because of changes in the mean elevation of source water for the river. River isotopic values were lowest during summer low flow and highest during February/March when snow accumulated in the mountains. We estimated that the m.
Ready for parenthood? Dual earners' relative labour market positions and entry into parenthood in Belgium

Background: Rising symmetry in public gender roles as a result of women’s rising educational and labour market participation could make both partners’ labour market positions equally relevant with respect to family formation. It is, however, unclear whether and to what extent this evolution has materialised. To date, few studies have examined couple dynamics in the employment–fertility link, and especially the gendered nature of this link remains understudied. Objective: This study examines the effect of dual earners’ relative income, job stability, time availability, and employment-sector-specific flexibility in terms of work regimes on the transition to parenthood in Belgium. Methods: Using longitudinal microdata from the Belgian Administrative Socio-Demographic Panel, we estimate discrete-time hazard models of conception leading to a first birth. Results: Controlling for employment characteristics at the household level, we find higher first birth hazards when the female partner has higher time availability or access to flexible work regimes, suggesting a persistent gendered precondition to parenthood. By contrast, the gender distribution of income does not affect the transition to parenthood. Contribution: This study adds to the literature by simultaneously considering a broad array of partners’ employment characteristics in an institutional setting that strongly focuses on facilitating the work–family combination. Our findings suggest that there is a shift away from a traditionally gendered fulfilment of labour market preconditions to parenthood in dual earner couples, but not unambiguously towards gender-neutral patterns. Particularly, the time availability and access to flexible work regimes of the female partner rather than the male partner seem to be of importance in the couples’ transition to parenthood.
The Labor Market Effects of Expanding Overtime Coverage

This paper studies the employment and income effects of a federal proposal in 2016 to expand overtime coverage to additionally cover salaried workers earning between $455 and $913 per week ($23,660 and $47,476 per annum). Although the policy was unexpectedly nullified a week before its proposed effective date, using detailed administrative payroll data covering one-sixth of the U.S. workforce, I find clear evidence that firms nevertheless responded to the policy by bunching workers' earnings at the new $913 exemption threshold. On average, the base salary of directly affected workers who remain employed increased by 1.4%. Meanwhile, for every hundred workers who would have gained coverage under the policy, 10 jobs were reclassified from salaried to hourly. Preliminary analysis also suggests that there may have been negative employment effects. Examining the distribution of these margins of adjustments, I find that the positive income effect accrued entirely to workers who were bunched at the $913 threshold but would otherwise have earned between $720 and $913 per week, whereas the reclassification and negative employment effects were spread across jobs paying within the entire range of newly covered base salaries.
The Political Economy of State Employment and Instability in China

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) continue to account for a large part of the Chinese economy, even though they are substantially less productive than their private counterparts. I propose that one reason for SOEs’ persistence is their role in promoting social stability through job provision. I document that SOEs prevent widespread unemployment by hiring during natural disasters and periods of poor export demand. Motivated by these patterns, I build a model of unrest behavior and employment which predicts that SOE employment should increase in response to destabilizing shocks. I test model predictions with a novel natural experiment using variation in an ethnic conflict in China’s Xinjiang province between the Uyghur minority and the government. I use a triple difference strategy for identification: unrest threat is higher following years with many conflict incidents in Xinjiang, in counties outside Xinjiang with a high share of Uyghur residents, and among minority men, the demographic most likely to participate in ethnic unrest. Using a combination of representative household data and original conflict data, which I construct from archival sources, I show that SOE employment of male minorities differentially increases in response to ethnic unrest threat. Male minority wages also rise, which cannot be explained by a labor supply shift or increased prejudice in private hiring alone. Additionally, relief transfers to male minorities increase, but mostly to the non-employed, indicating that SOE employment and relief transfers are complementary stability policies. Quantifying SOE favoritism of male minority employees through the model implies that SOEs implicitly receive a 26% subsidy on male minority wages. ∗I am grateful to my advisers Mark Rosenzweig, Mushfiq Mobarak, Nancy Qian, and Chris Udry for their guidance and support. Thanks also to Taha Choukhmane, Gaurav Chiplunkar, Meredith Startz, Jeff Weaver, Sharat Ganapati, Hannah Luk-Silberman, Jakob Schneebacher, Martin Mattson, Ro’ee Levy, Dan Keniston, Nick Ryan, Tim Guinnane, Gerard Padro i Miquel, Fabrizio Zilibotti, and seminar participants at Yale for their comments and suggestions. Financial support for this project was generously provided by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, the Yale Economic Growth Center, and the Sylff Foundation Research Grant. †Yale University and Northwestern University. Email: jaya.wen@kellogg.northwestern. edu
A Regional Analysis

In the aftermath of the 2008-2009 financial crisis, international capital flows to emerging markets increased substantially and have remained close to alltime highs, although with volatility. The most recent episode of capital inflows has taken place in the context of extremely accommodative monetary policies in advanced economies, characterized by exceptionally low interest rates and the implementation of unconventional monetary policies, which have generated additional reductions in long-term interest rates. This paper presents an empirical analysis of the drivers of international capital flows to emerging economies in the postcrisis period. Using the pull versus push framework, we estimate a panel for 15 emerging economies, and we find that external factors remain the main determinants of capital flows. Within external factors, qe programs implemented in the United States, measured both directly through treasuries purchases and indirectly through the long-term interest rate, had an impact on capital flows. However, the effect was different across regions, playing an important role in Asia and Latin America. Finally, we found that risk aversion seems to be an important driver of these flows for all regions. The authors work at Banco de México, respectively: Manager of Monetary Policy Affairs <claudia.ramirez@banxico.org. mx>; and Economic Juncture Analyst at the Directorate of Economic Studies <miriam.gonzalez@banxico.org. mx>. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the point of view of Banco de México. The authors would like to thank Ana María Aguilar, Gabriel Cuadra, Alberto Torres, Carlo Alcaraz and all the participants of the cemla joint research project of central banks 2015 for their useful comments. Alberto Armijo provided excellent research assistance.
The Role of α2β1 and α3β1 Integrin Receptors in the Initial Anchoring of MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells to Cortical Bone Matrix

Molecular mechanisms involved in the rapid attachment of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MD-231 to cortical bone matrix were studied. The attachment of MDA-MD-231 cells to cortical bone disks could be blocked by 75% when cells were pretreated with a monoclonal antibody to the beta1-subunit of the integrin family. Monoclonal antibodies against the alpha2, alpha3, and alpha5 integrin subunits inhibited the attachment by 76, 26, and 8 % respectively. Collagenase type I and collagen type I antibody blocked the cell attachment by 45 and 50 % whereas pretreatment of the cells with soluble collagen type I blocked the attachment by 85 %. Our study with a panel of cancer cell lines further showed a close correlation between alpha2 beta1 and alpha3 beta1 integrin receptor expression and the capability to attach to cortical bone. These receptors appear to be the key receptors utilized by cancer cells for the initial attachment to cortical bone, and this could facilitate the localization of alpha2 beta1 and alpha3 beta1 expressing cancer cells to the skeleton.