Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 2dF survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud

We present a catalogue of new spectral types for hot, luminous stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The catalogue contains 4161 objects, giving an order-of-magnitude increase in the number of SMC stars with published spectroscopic classifications. The targets are primarily B- and A-type stars (2862 and 853 objects respectively), with one Wolf‐Rayet, 139 O-type and 306 FG stars, sampling the main sequence to ∼mid-B. The selection and classification criteria are described, and objects of particular interest are discussed, including UV-selected targets from the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT )e xperiment, Be and B[e] stars, ‘anomalous A supergiants’ and composite-spectrum systems. We examine the incidence of Balmer-line emission, and the relationship between Hγ equivalent width and absolute magnitude for BA stars. Ke yw ords: stars: early-type ‐ stars: emission-line, Be ‐ stars: fundamental parameters ‐ Hertzsprung‐Russell (HR) diagram ‐ Magellanic Clouds.
Hydrogeophysical characterization of transport processes in fractured rock by combining push‐pull and single‐hole ground penetrating radar experiments

The in situ characterization of transport processes in fractured media is particularly challenging due to the considerable spatial uncertainty on tracer pathways and dominant controlling processes, such as dispersion, channeling, trapping, matrix diffusion, ambient and density driven flows. We attempted to reduce this uncertainty by coupling push‐pull tracer experiments with single‐hole ground penetrating radar (GPR) time‐lapse imaging. The experiments involved different injection fractures, chaser volumes and resting times, and were performed at the fractured rock research site of Ploemeur in France (H+ network, hplus.ore.fr/en). For the GPR acquisitions, we used both fixed and moving antenna setups in a borehole that was isolated with a flexible liner. During the fixed‐antenna experiment, time‐varying GPR reflections allowed us to track the spatial and temporal dynamics of the tracer during the push‐pull experiment. During the moving antenna experiments, we clearly imaged the dominant fractures in which tracer transport took place, fractures in which the tracer was trapped for longer time periods, and the spatial extent of the tracer distribution (up to 8 m) at different times. This demonstrated the existence of strongly channelized flow in the first few meters and radial flow at greater distances. By varying the resting time of a given experiment, we identified regions affected by density‐driven and ambient flow. These experiments open up new perspectives for coupled hydrogeophysical inversion aimed at understanding transport phenomena in fractured rock formations.
Thickness dependence of the resistivity of platinum-group metal thin films

We report on the thin film resistivity of several platinum-group metals (Ru, Pd, Ir, and Pt). Platinum-group thin films show comparable or lower resistivities than Cu for film thicknesses below about 5 nm due to a weaker thickness dependence of the resistivity. Based on experimentally determined mean linear distances between grain boundaries as well as ab initio calculations of the electron mean free path, the data for Ru, Ir, and Cu were modeled within the semiclassical Mayadas–Shatzkes model [Phys. Rev. B 1, 1382 (1970)] to assess the combined contributions of surface and grain boundary scattering to the resistivity. For Ru, the modeling results indicated that surface scattering was strongly dependent on the surrounding material with nearly specular scattering at interfaces with SiO2 or air but with diffuse scattering at interfaces with TaN. The dependence of the thin film resistivity on the mean free path is also discussed within the Mayadas–Shatzkes model in consideration of the experimental findings.
Dynamics of Cosmic Flows

The editors suggested a review entitled "Are There Large-Scale Motions in the Universe? ". The answer is "yes," in the sense that the interpretation of the data as motions is the simplest model, so far consistent with all other available data under the current "standard model" of physical cosmology. I review tests that could have ended up falsifying this model and failed, but the scope of this review is much extended as the field has developed far beyond the question of existence of motions. With the motions being accepted as a working hypothesis, the study of large-scale dynamics is becoming a mature scientific field where observation and theory are confronted in a quantitative way. It is this area of major activity in cosmology that is addressed here. I make no attempt to provide a complete reference list, nor do I try to achieve a balanced discussion of all the issues of relevance and authors involved. My goal is to provide a critical account of some of the issues in this field that I find important, with emphasis on theoretical implications. In many cases I quote only a recent paper automatically implying "and references therein. " The reader is referred to a comprehensive, observation-oriented review of large­ scale motions in historical perspective by Burstein ( 1990b), a detailed review of distance indicators in a collection of essays by Jacoby et al ( 1992), and to Principles of Physical Cosmology by Peebles ( 1993). The current phase of the field was seeded by two major developments. One was the confirmation of the dipole moment in the Cosmic Microwave Back­ ground (CMB) (Corey & Wilkinson 1976, Smoot et al 1977), indicating via Doppler shift that the Local Group of galaxies (LG) is moving at rv600 Ian S-1 relative to the cosmological frame defined by the CMB. The other was the in­ vention of methods for inferring distances independent of redshifts based on intrinsic relations between galaxy quantities (Section 3; Tully & Fisher 1977,
Ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray composition from the distribution of arrival directions

The sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) have been difficult to catch. It was recently pointed out that while sources of UHECR protons exhibit anisotropy patterns that become denser and compressed with rising energy, nucleus-emitting-sources give rise to a cepa stratis (onion-like) structure with layers that become more distant from the source position with rising energy. The peculiar shape of the hot spots from nucleus-accelerators is steered by the competition between energy loss during propagation and deflection on the Galactic magnetic field (GMF). Here, we run a full-blown simulation study to accurately characterize the deflections of UHECR nuclei in the GMF. We show that while the cepa stratis structure provides a global description of anisotropy patterns produced by UHECR nuclei en route to Earth, the hot spots are elongated depending on their location in the sky due to the regular structure of the GMF. We demonstrate that with a high-statistics sample at the high-energy-end of the spectrum, like the one to be collected by NASA's POEMMA mission, the energy dependence of the hot-spot contours could become a useful observable to identify the nuclear composition of UHECRs. This new method to determine the nature of the particle species is complementary to those using observables of extensive air showers, and therefore is unaffected by the large systematic uncertainties of hadronic interaction models.
Massive-star Formation via the Collapse of Subvirial and Virialized Turbulent Massive Cores

Similar to their low-mass counterparts, massive stars likely form via the collapse of prestellar molecular cores. Recent observations suggest that most massive cores are subvirial (i.e., not supported by turbulence) and therefore are likely unstable to gravitational collapse. Here we perform radiation-hydrodynamic simulations to follow the collapse of turbulent massive prestellar cores with subvirial and virialized initial conditions to explore how their dynamic state affects the formation of massive stars and core fragmentation into companion stars. We find that subvirial cores undergo rapid monolithic collapse, resulting in higher accretion rates at early times as compared to the collapse of virialized cores that have the same physical properties. In contrast, we find that virialized cores undergo a slower, gradual collapse and significant turbulent fragmentation at early times, resulting in numerous companion stars. In the absence of strong magnetic fields and protostellar outflows, we find that the faster growth rate of massive stars that are born out of subvirial cores leads to an increase in the radiative heating of the core, thereby further suppressing fragmentation at early times when turbulent fragmentation occurs for virialized cores. Regardless of initial condition, we find that the massive accretion disks that form around massive stars dominant the accretion flow onto the star at late times and eventually become gravitationally unstable and fragment to form companion stars at late times.
Divergent functional connectivity patterns of brain network in patients with or without post-stroke dementia : A resting-state fMRI study

Recently, accumulating studies have reported brain functional abnormalities in patients with post-stroke dementia (PSD). Nonetheless, our understanding about neural mechanisms of PSD in the perspective of functional connectivity alternations is still rudimentary. Here, we applied graph theory to investigate brain network from resting-state fMRI data of 14 PSD patients, 15 post-stroke non-dementia (PSND) patients, and 14 healthy subjects with normal cognitive function (NC). Five global metrics [clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, global efficiency (Eglobal), local efficiency (Elocal), and small-world properties (σ)] and one regional metric [nodal efficiency (Enodal)] were compared to explore the alterations of brain network connectivity patterns among the three groups. In terms of global network metrics, we found that all three groups maintained economical σ. However, significantly disrupted functional connectivity of brain network were observed in PSD patients compared to NC, represented by significantly declined σ, Eglobal, and Elocal. In addition, significantly declined Enodal at specific regions of inferior frontal gyrus and temporal lobe further revealed the altered connectivity patterns of brain network in PSD patients. Our findings may provide salient neuroimaging biomarkers for screening groups at high risk of PSD and searching for new treatment targets of neuromodulation in the future.
Chiral critical behavior of frustrated spin systems in two dimensions from five-loop renormalization-group expansions

We analyze the critical behavior of two-dimensional N-vector spin systems with noncollinear order within the five-loop renormalization-group (RG) approximation. The structure of the RG flow is studied for different N leading to the conclusion that the chiral fixed point governing the critical behavior of physical systems with N = 2 and N = 3 does not coincide with that given by the 1/N expansion. We show that the stable chiral fixed point for N≤N*, including N=2 and N=3, turns out to be a focus. We give a complete characterization of the critical behavior controlled by this fixed point, also evaluating the subleading crossover exponents. The spiral-like approach of the chiral fixed point is argued to give rise to unusual crossover and near-critical regimes that may imitate varying critical exponents seen in numerous physical and computer experiments.
Graphs encoding the generating properties of a finite group

Assume that G is a finite group. For every a,b∈N , we define a graph Γa,b(G) whose vertices correspond to the elements of Ga∪Gb and in which two tuples (x1,⋯,xa) and (y1,⋯,yb) are adjacent if and only if ⟨x1,⋯,xa,y1,⋯,yb⟩=G . We study several properties of these graphs (isolated vertices, loops, connectivity, diameter of the connected components) and we investigate the relations between their properties and the group structure, with the aim of understanding which information about G is encoded by these graphs.
The Effect of Star Formation History on the Inferred Stellar Initial Mass Function

Peaks and lulls in the star formation rate (SFR) over the history of the Galaxy produce plateaus and declines in the present-day mass function (PDMF) where the main-sequence lifetime overlaps the age and duration of the SFR variation. These PDMF features can be misinterpreted as the form of the intrinsic stellar initial mass function (IMF) if the star formation rate is assumed to be constant or slowly varying with time. This effect applies to all regions that have formed stars for longer than the age of the most massive stars, including OB associations, star complexes, and especially galactic field stars. Related problems may apply to embedded clusters. Evidence is summarized for temporal SFR variations from parsec scales to entire galaxies, all of which should contribute to inferred IMF distortions. We give examples of various star formation histories to demonstrate the types of false IMF structures that might be seen. These include short-duration bursts, stochastic histories with lognormal amplitude distributions, and oscillating histories with various periods and phases. The inferred IMF should appear steeper than the intrinsic IMF over mass ranges where the stellar lifetimes correspond to times of decreasing SFRs; shallow portions of the inferred IMF correspond to times of increasing SFRs. If field regions are populated by dispersed clusters and defined by their low current SFRs, then they should have steeper inferred IMFs than the clusters. The SFRs required to give the steep field IMFs in the LMC and SMC are determined. Structure observed in several determinations of the Milky Way field star IMF can be accounted for by a stochastic and bursty star formation history.
Is Luxury Fit with Sustainability? The Role of Perceive Value and Scarcity

Fashion sustainability is exploring co-branding by releasing limited edition products to create scarcity and attract new consumers while maintaining their exclusivity. Research on the role of scarcity marketing on consumer purchase intentions has been carried out. However, the results still show inconsistencies. This study aims to fill the gap and provide new insights into the major distinctions intrinsic in the two different shortage messages by mediating the role of perceived value, thus impacting purchase intention. This study uses a quantitative approach by distributing online questionnaires to 240 respondents who have never bought fashion brands in Jakarta. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is used as a data analysis procedure. The results reveal that perceived value has functioned effectively as a mediator between limited quantity, limited time scarcity, and purchase intention. However, limited quantity has no significant effect on purchase intention, although limited time has a positive effect.
Ordering of localized moments in Kondo lattice models

We describe the transition from a ferromagnetic phase, to a disordered para- magnetic phase, which occurs in one-dimensional Kondo lattice models with partial conduction band filling. The transition is the quantum order-disorder transition of the transverse-field Ising chain, and reflects double-exchange ordered regions of localized spins being gradually destroyed as the coupling to the conduction electrons is reduced. For incommensurate conduction band filling, the low-energy properties of the localized spins near the transition are dominated by anomalous ordered (disordered) regions of localized spins which survive into the paramagnetic (ferromagnetic) phase. Many interesting properties follow, including a diverging susceptibility for a finite range of couplings into the paramagnetic phase. Our critical line equation, together with numerically determined transition points, are used to determine the range of the double-exchange interaction. Models we consider are the spin 1/2 Kondo lattices with antiferromagnetic (Kondo) coupling, with ferromagnetic (Hund's rule) coupling, and the Kondo lattice with repulsive interactions between the conduction electrons.
Relationship Between the Results of Arm Swing Data From the OpenPose-Based Gait Analysis System and MDS-UPDRS Scores

Motor functions of individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been studied by many methods such as sensors, 3D measurement devices, smartphone applications, and deep learning tools. OpenPose is a deep learning tool for human pose estimation. However, few studies have focused only on gait arm swing and analyzed it separately from that of healthy subjects. Furthermore, none of the previous studies compared arm swing data measured from video images using OpenPose or other methods with the relevant items in the MDS-UPDRS. In this study, we calculated the thresholds to distinguish between normal and abnormal gaits from the data of healthy subjects. We compared the peak-to-peak (P-P) data of the left and right arm swing and arm swing asymmetry (ASA) using an OpenPose-based gait analysis system developed in our previous study with the MDS-UPDRS scores. It showed 72.73–82.35% accuracy; thus, the threshold between normal and abnormal gaits can be improved. From these results, we can conclude that there is a significant relationship between the MDS-UPDRS score and the magnitude of the gait arm swing angle measured using the OpenPose-based gait analysis system. The method proposed in this study is simpler and easier to use in clinical practice than the methods proposed in previous studies. Moreover, videos of timed up-and-go (TUG) tests can be used. We hope that this study will enable the estimation and early detection of PD symptoms using a simpler index and method.
TOTAL SCALAR CURVATURE AND HARMONIC CURVATURE

On a compact $n$-dimensional manifold, it has been conjectured that a critical point metric of the total scalar curvature, restricted to the space of metrics with constant scalar curvature of unit volume, will be Einstein. This conjecture was proposed in 1984 by Besse, but has yet to be proved. In this paper, we prove that if the manifold with the critical point metric has harmonic curvature, then it is isometric to a standard sphere.
ESG scores in MENA banks

An extensive body of the literature on ESG examined its effect on banks performance. However, little attention has paid on the relationship between the growing role of Islamic banks Sharia and sustainability. Based on a sample of 41 conventional and Islamic banks from MENA countries in the region 2012–2021 by using a data of ESG score extracted from Thomson Reuters Refinitiv, this paper assesses whether and to what extent the development of Islamic banks Sharia to Sustainability strategies. Our results show that conventional banks have higher sustainability practices compared to Islamic banks. The mean ESG score in conventional banks is higher than Islamic banks. Hence, we reject our hypothesis assumption that suggest the Islamic banks uses Sharia principles increase the corporate social responsibility. Therefore, The findings show a negative relationship between Islamic finance and sustainability. Finally, the results indicate an upward trend in the ESG scores in both types of banks.
Ring Oscillator Based Smart Temperature Sensor Using All-Digital Sigma-Delta Modulator

In this work, an on-chip smart temperature sensor is presented. The design is based on a bias circuit providing two bias currents, two ring oscillators, an up/dow $n$ counter, and a simple binary counter. One bias current has a positive temperature coefficient (PTAT), while the other bias current has a negative temperature coefficient (CTAT). The two currents bias the ring oscillators, producing the PTAT and the CTAT frequency clocks. The outputs of the two oscillators are combined and further processed using the all-digital implementation of time domain Sigma-Delta $(\Sigma\triangle)$ converter. The architecture is designed in 180-nm technology, and the nominal simulation results are presented, together with Monte Carlo analysis. The achieved accuracy $(3\sigma)$ is $\pm 5.4^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$, within the temperature range from $-40^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ to $125^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$, and the mean resolution is $0.293^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$.
Analysis of the study subject in Science, Technology and Innovation

Objective of this article is to demonstrate the theoretical inconsistency that exists between science, technology and innovation with the theoretical model on which it is based, because it does not have a fully defined study subject. A qualitative, exploratory research of the specialized bibliography was carried out. It was found that both history and philosophy state that science, technology and innovation represent a greater reality than technology transfer, that existing models generate development only when they are applied in the countries that represent their reality. It is concluded that there is a need to define the study subject of science, technology and innovation so that the technology transfer model is subordinated to it.
Hayashi Spectra of the Northern Hemisphere Mid-latitude Atmospheric Variability in the NCEP and ERA 40 Reanalyses

We compare 45 years of the reanalyses of NCEP-NCAR and ECMWF in terms of their representation of the mid-latitude winter atmospheric variability for the overlapping time frame 1957-2002. We adopt the classical approach of computing the Hayashi spectra of the 500 hPa geopotential height fields. Discrepancies are found especially in the first 15 years of the records in the high-frequency-high wavenumber propagating waves and secondly on low frequency-low wavenumber standing waves. This implies that in the first period the two datasets have a different representation of the baroclinic available energy conversion processes. In the period starting from 1973 a positive impact of the aircraft data on the Euro-Atlantic synoptic waves has been highlighted. Since in the first period the assimilated data are scarcer and of lower quality than later on, they provide a weaker constraint to the model dynamics. Therefore, the resulting discrepancies in the reanalysis products may be mainly attributed to differences in the models' behavior.
"Barber pole turbulence"in large aspect ratio Taylor-Couette flow

Investigations of counter-rotating Taylor-Couette ﬂow (TCF) in the narrow gap limit are conducted in a very large aspect ratio apparatus. The phase diagram is presented and compared to that obtained by Andereck et al. [1]. The spiral turbulence regime is studied by varying both internal and external Reynolds numbers. Spiral turbulence is shown to emerge from the fully turbulent regime via a continuous transition appearing ﬁrst as a modulated turbulent state, which eventually relaxes locally to the laminar ﬂow. The connection with the intermittent regimes of the plane Couette ﬂow (pCf) is discussed.