Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Social Media on Consumer Buying Behavior in Commercial Banks

There are some studies that explored the effect of social media on marketing and consumer buying behavior and there is still a need to further understand this effect. However, this study aims to explore the use of social media sites and the effect of social media on the buying decision of the commercial banks’ consumers in Jordan. The sample of this study conducted with 200 consumers to understand how consumers use social media and how it affects their buying behavior of different banking products and services. The findings show that social media affect consumer buying behavior by 69%. Also, consumers mostly used Facebook and it mostly affecting consumer buying behavior by 73% and the most influential factor that affects the relationship between social media and consumer buying behavior is interactivity by 63%. The implication of these findings suggests that commercial banks in Jordan should focus on their marketing strategy and they have the opportunities to seize the power of influence of social media.
Current limitations to high-resolution structure determination by single-particle cryoEM

Abstract CryoEM has become the method of choice for determining the structure of large macromolecular complexes in multiple conformations, at resolutions where unambiguous atomic models can be built. Two effects that have limited progress in single-particle cryoEM are (i) beam-induced movement during image acquisition and (ii) protein adsorption and denaturation at the air-water interface during specimen preparation. While beam-induced movement now appears to have been resolved by all-gold specimen support grids with very small holes, surface effects at the air-water interface are a persistent problem. Strategies to overcome these effects include the use of alternative support films and new techniques for specimen deposition. We examine the future potential of recording perfect images of biological samples for routine structure determination at atomic resolution.
Could Behavioural Nudges Improve the Accuracy of Waste Sorting? An Experimental Survey

The study consisted of a survey and field experiment to observe the impact of behavioural nudges on an individual’s attitudes and accuracy on waste sorting. The survey conducted on 203 students of the University of Peradeniya, and then the field experiment within the university premises. The responses to the survey revealed that the participants having a negative attitude toward the usual waste disposal and sorting practices. Also, the majority of the respondents preferred non-monetary incentives as an effective strategy to motivate individuals to improve the accuracy of waste sorting. Then the participants are given nine strategies as separate behavioural nudges to improve the waste sorting behavior. The responses are highly varied and the majority prefer to use a combination of different colours and detailed labels as a motivational strategy. Thus, the preferred strategy was examined at the faculty premises throughout three stages and tested three hypotheses. Findings revealed that the strategy improves the accuracy, and supports the university community for proper waste sorting practices. Further, it exposed that the detail labels and stickers are impactful than the color sensitivity of respondents.
Ovicidal Activity of Plant Extracts against Spodoptera Litura (Fab) (Lepidoptera: Noctiduae)

Chemical and synthetic insecticides used for controlling Spodoptera litura resulted in the development of resistance to several classes of insecticides. In the present study, a total of twenty five plants were screened for their ovicidal activity against Spodoptera litura. Hexane, diethyl ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extract of twenty five plants were studied at 0.1% concentration. Effective plant extracts identified from the preliminary study (0.1%) were further studied at 0.05% concentration. Maximum ovicidal activity was recorded in hexane extract of Cleistanthus collinus (85.16%) followed by Murraya koeingii diethyl ether (83.60%) and Aegle marmelos ethyl acetate (76.14%) extract at 0.05%. Further isolation and identification of bioactive principles responsible for the ovicidal activity is needed.
The crystal structure of Cu4Bi5S10 and its relation to the structures of hodrushite and cuprobismutite

The crystal structure of Cu4BisSl0 has been determined from three-dimensional intensity data. Two formula units are contained in a monoclinic cell, space group C2/m, with ao = 17.539 (3), bo = 3.931 (13), Co= 12.847 (3) A and fl= 108.0 (1) °. The structure was solved by Patterson, Fourier and difference syntheses, and was then refined by least-squares calculations. The final discrepancy index for all 796 independent reflexions is 12.2 %. Bismuth atoms have both octahedral and tetragonal pyramidal coordinations, and Cu atoms are surrounded by four S atoms. Two of the cell constants of Cu4BisS10 are similar to those of hodrushite, MBisCuaS11 [M. " Bi, Fe, Pb; Kup6ik, V. & Makovick9, E. (1968). Neues Jb. Miner. Mh. pp. 236--237], and of cuprobismutite [Nuffield, E. W. (1952). Amer. Min. 37, 447-452]. From the relation between the structures of Cu4BisSl0 and hodrushite, the structure ofcuprobismutite was proposed. The coincidence between observed and calculated intensities of the powder data is satisfactory. These three substances are described as layer structures. Both Cu4BisSl0 and cuprobismutite have singlelayer structures, and hodrushite has a double-layer structure and contains one layer of Cu4BisS~0 and one layer of cuprobismutite.
Turbulent flows in tubes: a possibility of flow stabilization by multilayer coatings

The flow over the surfaces, inside the tubes of the technical and biomedical devices and inside large blood vessels often creates turbulent boundary layers, which can lead to significant loss in efficiency. For instance, the turbulent drag is responsible for a large part of the drag experienced by aircrafts, ships and underwater vehicles. Reducing turbulent sound production, which is the main noise source inside the vehicle, is of a great interest for manufactures. In water and wind tunnels the methods of delaying laminar to turbulence transition, skin-friction drag reduction in the turbulent flows, quelling vibrations, and suppressing the flow-induced noise are promising for different applications. Blood flow is aorta and large arteries is characterized by high Reynolds numbers Re=1000-5800, so the turbulence flow developed at the peak flow speeds can produce large oscillations of the wall shear rate, that was found a source of the wall damage, degeneration and plaque formation leading to stenosis and atherosclerosis [1]. Healthy blood vessel walls can remodel themselves according to the wall shear stress and hydrostatic pressure providing the flow stabilization at varied conditions. The layered coatings can be used for reduction of the skinfriction drag in turbulent wall-bounded flows. The compliant coatings are attractive due to their potential to inhibit/foster the dynamic instabilities that characterize both transitional and turbulent boundary layer flows, and in turn to modify the mass, heat and momentum fluxes and change the drag and the acoustic properties [2]. In this paper stability of the developed turbulent flow in the multilayer tube composed of anisotropic viscoelastic layers with different thickness, density, shear modules, Poisson ratios and viscosities is studied. The temporal and spatial amplification rates and Eigen modes for the no displacement (fastened wall) and no stress (free wall) boundary conditions at the outer surface of the tube are computed. It was shown at least two unstable modes exist for different Re numbers. Thus, the absolute instability, flow-limitation phenomena and self-excited oscillations may be observed at those conditions. It was shown in some cases the flow stabilization may be achieved by a proper choice of the material parameters of the layers depending on the boundary conditions and flow regimes. The results differ from the previously obtained for the Poiseuille flow that can be stabilized by increasing stability of the most unstable mode and thus cancelling the absolute instability [3]. In that way the turbulent flow may be stabilized by decreasing the instability of one or two of the absolutely unstable modes.
Comparison of the chemical evolution and characteristics of 495 biomass burning plumes intercepted by the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the ARCTAS/CARB-2008 field campaign

This paper compares measurements of gaseous and particulate emissions from a wide range of biomass-burning plumes intercepted by the NASA DC-8 research aircraft during the three phases of the ARCTAS-2008 experiment: ARCTAS-A, based out of Fairbanks, Alaska USA (3 April to 19 April 2008); ARCTAS-B based out of Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada (29 June to 13 July 2008); and ARCTAS-CARB, based out of Palmdale, California, USA (18 June to 24 June 2008). Extensive investigations of boreal fire plume evolution were undertaken during ARCTAS-B, where four distinct fire plumes that were intercepted by the aircraft over a range of down-wind distances (0.1 to 16 hr transport times) were studied in detail. Based on these analyses, there was no evidence for ozone production and a box model simulation of the data confirmed that net ozone production was slow (on average 1 ppbv h−1 in the first 3 h and much lower afterwards) due to limited NOx. Peroxyacetyl nitrate concentrations (PAN) increased with plume age and the box model estimated an average production rate of ~80 pptv h−1 in the first 3 h. Like ozone, there was also no evidence for net secondary inorganic or organic aerosol formation. There was no apparent increase in aerosol mass concentrations in the boreal fire plumes due to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation; however, there were indications of chemical processing of the organic aerosols. In addition to the detailed studies of boreal fire plume evolution, about 500 smoke plumes intercepted by the NASA DC-8 aircraft were segregated by fire source region. The normalized excess mixing ratios (i.e. ΔX/ΔCO) of gaseous (carbon dioxide, acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, toluene, benzene, methane, oxides of nitrogen (NOx), ozone, PAN) and fine aerosol particulate components (nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, chloride, organic aerosols and water soluble organic carbon) of these plumes were compared.
Content of Mineral Nitrogen in Soil at the Beginning of Sorghum Development after Application of Polyolefin-Coated Urea

In 2010-12 a field experiment aimed at assessing the content of mineral nitrogen (N-NO3, N-NH4) in the tilled layer (0-30 cm) and subsoil (30-60 cm), and the level of nutrition of sucrosorgo were conducted in research in Pawlowice at Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences. The influence of: urea and polyolefin-coated urea (Meister ® ), in comparison to the control without fertilizing were studied. The fertilizer was applied before sorghum sowing in doses of 60 and 120 kg N·ha -1 . Meister ® in comparison to urea, positively influenced the decreasing of N-NO3 accumulation in both soil layers, with higher N-NH4 concentrations in the tilled layer.
INFLUENCE OF INTEGRATED USE OF FARMYARD MANURE AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF IRRIGATED LOWLAND RICE

ABSTRACT Integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers can improve crop productivity and sustain soil health and fertility. The present research was conducted with an objective to study the influence of application of farmyard manure in combination with three levels of chemical fertilizers [80 : 40 : 30, 120 : 60 : 45 and 160 : 80 : 60 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha−1, respectively] on yield and yield components of irrigated lowland rice. The experiment was conducted in split-plot design during the rainy season with and without farmyard manure as main plots and three inorganic fertilizer levels as subplots. Data on grain and straw yield, number of tillers, panicle length, filled grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight and nutrient uptake were collected. The results showed that application of farmyard manure at 10 t ha−1 increased grain yield of rice by 25% compared to no farmyard manure control. Similar observations were also made on straw yield, tiller number, filled grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight. There were significant interactions between farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer treatments. The beneficial effects of application of farmyard manure were not enhanced at increased rates of application of inorganic fertilizers. However, the highest grain yield of rice was obtained with the application of farmyard manure at 10 t ha−1 and inorganic fertilizer at 120 : 60 : 45 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha−1. The increased grain yield was due mainly to increased nutrient uptake and number of tillers, filled grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight.
Measurement of soil gas diffusivity in situ

Summary Assessment of gas diffusivity in situ gives a direct measure of the ability of soils to exchange gas with minimal soil disturbance. A versatile, readily portable probe for measuring the diffusion of a tracer gas through soil in situ is described. The radioactive tracer 85Kr is injected into a cell located at the end of the probe. The change in activity within the cell as the gas diffuses out is measured by a Geiger-Muller tube in the cell. The probe can be used by insertion either directly into an auger hole (buried-probe mode) or into a chamber pushed into the soil surface. A method to simulate diffusion numerically using Fick's equation for both methods of insertion is presented. In the tests reported, diffusivity was estimated by expanding or contracting the time axis of the simulation until it matched the observed count rates. A goodness-of-fit was attached to each diffusivity estimate. The probe was generally effective, giving diffusivities comparable to those measured in the laboratory on cores taken near the cell (buried-probe mode) or linked to the surface chamber. Poor fits were found for some diffusivities measured in the buried-probe mode on coarsely structured soils. These were attributed to non-uniform distribution of porosity and possible upward leakage of tracer when used at shallow depths in the buried-probe mode. However, thein situ diffusivities may be more representative than those measured in cores in the laboratory because of the greater sample volume. We show how the probe can be used to detect soil layers that restrict gas diffusivity and differences in aeration status between tillage treatments.
Etudes sur les caractères culturaux et la morphologie de Geotrichum candidum Link

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Etudes sur les caractères culturaux et la morphologie de Geotrichum candidum Link Micheline Gueguen, J. Jacquet
A potential global stratotype for the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian boundary (Lower Jurassic), Robin Hood's Bay, UK: ammonite faunas and isotope stratigraphy

A coastal exposure at Wine Haven, Robin Hood's Bay (North Yorkshire, UK) fulfils the criteria for definition as the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Pliensbachian Stage (Lower Jurassic). This marine sequence was deposited during a long-term transgression and is relatively expanded stratigraphically. A rich fauna of ammonites above and below the boundary interval allows recognition of the Leptechioceras gr. meigeini, Paltechioceras aureolum and Paltechioceras tardecrescens horizons of latest Sinemurian age, and the Bifericeras donovani, and Apoderoceras gr. aculeatum horizons of earliest Pliensbachian age. A suitable level for the boundary is characterized by the faunal association of Bifericeras donovani Dommergues & Meister and Apoderoceras sp. Strontium-isotope stratigraphy, based on analysis of belemnites, yields a calcite 87Sr/86Sr ratio for the suggested boundary level of 0.707425±0.000021 (combined uncertainties based on line fit to stratigraphic dataset (±0.000004) and measurement of the standard (±0.000017)). Alternative uncertainties of ∼±0.000008 are associated with the most extreme interpretation of sedimentation-rate history allowed by the strontium-isotope data (that is, abrupt changes in sedimentation rate at precisely the boundary level); however, sedimentological considerations, and measured strontium-isotope values at the boundary, support condensation rather than hiatus. Belemnite oxygen-isotope data suggest a significant temperature drop (∼5 °C) across the boundary at this locality.
Effect of Drying Methods on the Quality Characteristics of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Greens

Different drying methods were investigated for efficient dehydration of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) greens for optimal retention of color and its constituents. Accordingly, hot air (HA, 40°C, 58–63% RH), low humidity air (LHA, 40°C and 28–30% RH), and radiofrequency (RF, 40°C, 56–60% RH) were explored for efficient drying of fenugreek greens. The three single-layer drying models (Exponential, Page, and Modified Page) tested showed excellent fit (R2 = 0.92–0.99) for all three drying methods. The time required for drying with LHA and RF was less (∼27%), as compared to HA drying. LHA-dried fenugreek had superior green color and a more porous and uniform structure than those obtained from RF and HA drying. Aqueous methanolic (60:40) extract of fenugreek greens dehydrated by LHA exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity. Dehydrated fenugreek greens showed good consumer acceptance as well as shelf life.
The role of separation on the forces acting on a circular cylinder with a control rod

Abstract The development of the flow around a circular cylinder with a smaller diameter control rod in close proximity is the subject of this paper. It has long been known that this is an effective way to attenuate regular vortex shedding leading to reductions in its adverse effects on bluff-body flow. The aim of this study is to improve understanding of the ways the control rod affects the near-wake flow including how it influences the positions of boundary layer separation. Experiments were carried out in a water channel to measure lift and drag forces and particle image velocimetry (PIV) was employed to obtain detailed information on flow structure. The values of important properties were fixed as follows: Reynolds number, 20 000; ratio of cylinder and control rod diameters, 10 : 1; centre-to-centre distance between main cylinder and control rod, 0.7$D$ (where $D$ is the main cylinder diameter). The adjustable parameter was the angular position of the rod, $\theta$, which was varied between $90^{\circ }$ and $180^{\circ }$ from the front stagnation line. Lift and drag forces were measured separately for the main cylinder and the control rod. A new method for identifying flow states is introduced using PIV to interrogate the instantaneous flow velocity in the gap between the main cylinder and the control rod. Similarly to previous studies, three stable flow states were observed together with a bistable state. The bistable state is very sensitive to the control rod angle with a small change of ${\pm }1^{\circ }$ being sufficient to change the flow state.
Phase separation morphology of thin films of polystyrene/polyisoprene blends

We present the results of a study of the morphology of phase separation in a thin film blend of polystyrene (PS) and polyisoprene (PI) in a common solvent of toluene. The blend is quenched by rapid solvent evaporation using a spincoating technique rather than a temperature quench. The mass fraction of polystyrene is varied to determine the effect of the substrate on thin film phase separation morphology. We compare the phase separation morphology for very thin films of the PS/PI blend cast onto three different substrates: Si(001) with a native oxide layer (Si (SINGLEBOND) SiOx), Si(001) etched in hydrofluoric acid (Si-H), and a Au/Pd alloy sputtered onto Si(001). We observe large differences between the morphologies of 1000 A thick blend films on the Si(SINGLEBOND) SiOx and Si-H substrates as the mass fraction is varied due to the difference in the wetting properties of PS on the two substrates. Smaller differences are observed between the films on the Si(SINGLEBOND) SiOx and Au/Pd substrates only for film thicknesses h < 600 A. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Characterization and Identification of the Chemical Compositions in a Traditional Uighur Medicine Prescription Yizhihao Granule by LC–ESI-QTOF-MS

An efficient method was developed and established for the rapid analysis of a traditional Uighur medicinal prescription, Yizhihao granule, by liquid chromatography-Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. HPLC was performed with a Poroshell 120-EC18 column with 2.7 µm particle size using A gradient elution system. A quadrupole time-of-flight analyzer was used for the determination of accurate mass of the protonated or deprotonated molecules and fragment ions. Sixty-six constituents including amino acids, organic acids (aliphatic acids, benzoic acid derivatives, and chlorogenic acids), alkaloids (indole and quinazolinone type), flavonoids (C,O-glycoside, C-glycosides, O-glycosides, and aglycone), sesquiterpenoids (rupestonic acid derivatives), and other compounds were identified or tentatively characterized in Yizhihao granule as a presented application of prescription according to the accurate mass, MS/MS data, and relevant literature. Additionally, the fragmentation pathways of two rupestonic acid derivatives were proposed. The relationship between structure features and fragmentation patterns were investigated thoroughly and applied in the on-line analysis to deduce the composition of traditional Uighur herbal prescription. The present method and results should be beneficial in the development of traditional Uighur herbal prescription.
Die absolute Konfiguration der Gruppe des Sesamins und Pinoresinols

Durch erganzende Versuche wird bewiesen, das die Bruckenkohlenstoffatome 8 und 8′ der rechtsdrehenden Glieder der Sesamin- und Pinoresinolgruppe dieselbe Konfiguration haben. Die absolute Konfiguration dieser Atome ist bekannt. Die absolute Konfiguration der veratherten Kohlenstoffatome last sich aus dem Verschiebungssatz der optischen Drehung ableiten.
Some characteristics and precipitation eects of the El NinÄ o of 1997±1998

The 1997±1998 El NinÄ o was the strongest in known history. However, its eects on rainfall in dierent parts of the globe were not all as expected ( ̄oods were expected in some regions and droughts in others). The characteristics of this El NinÄ o, and the expected and observed precipitation eects are described; the reasons for the expectations not coming true in some regions are discussed. This paper attempts to review the important scienti®c issues involved in El NinÄ o phenomena for the general reader. # 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.