Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity and interrelationships between agronomic traits in landrace chickpea accessions collected from 'Kurdistan' province, north-west of Iran

The genetic diversity among and within landraces makes them a valuable resource as potential donors of genes for breeding purposes, so in this study 40 landrace chickpea accessions, collected from major chickpea growing area of north-west of Iran, were evaluated to determine their phenotypic diversity. Variance analysis showed high significant differences for ten measures morphological traits. Correlation analysis demonstrated that seed yield is highly correlated with 100- seed weight, number of pods per plant, number of seed per plant and biomass. Path analysis indicated that among the ten measured characters, 100-seed weight and number of pods per plant had most direct positive effects of seed yields. Using principal component (PC) analysis, the first four PCs with eigenvalues more than 1 contributed 82.7% of the variability among accessions. PC1, which is the most important component, explained 36.33% of the total variation and was positively related to number of pods per plant, plant biomass, number of secondary branches, number of seeds per plant and RWC; PC2 accounted for 19.10% of the total variation and the characters with the greatest weight on this component were plant height, plant biomass and 100-seed weight; PC3 was mainly related to day to flowering; PC4 was positively related to seed yield. The germplasm were grouped into 3 clusters. Each cluster had some specific characteristics of its own and the cluster I was clearly separated from cluster II and III. The results of present study can be used in breeding strategies for future hybridization programes for yield improvement. Key word: Chickpea, Morphology, Path Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Cluster Analysis
Physical Characteristics of Arctic Fox ( Alopex lagopus ) Dens in Northern Yukon Territory, Canada

Physical characteristics of arctic fox lagopus) dens on Herschel Island and the Yukon Coastal Plain, Yukon Territory, Canada, are described. The preferred den habitat on Herschel Island is characterized by moderately eroded, sloping, gullied terrain, where foxes select sandy erosional mounds for denning. The preferred habitat on the Yukon Coastal Plain is fluvial landforms, where foxes select streamside cutbanks and occasional dunes for den location. Dens are generally associated with relatively warm, well-drained landscape positions. Burrow entrances are significantly oriented toward the south (P<0.0025). Soils of dens are coarse textured, typically sandy loam to sand. Depth to permafrost is significantly greater under the den than at adjacent sites Certain unique soil profile characteristics, particularly the replacement of common cryoturbation (frost churning) features with those of zooturbation (faunal mixing) and the formation of humus-rich surface horizons, appear to be the result of denning activities by foxes. Observed differences in soil temperature and depth to permafrost between den site soils and adjacent soils have likely been caused, at least in part, by denning activities.
Estimation of thermal diffusivity from field observations of temperature as a function of time and depth

Methods have been previously reported for estimating the thermal conductivity from field observations; application of several such methods gives results that differ significantly from one another. The cause of the discrepancy appears to be that each method only utilizes some of the information contained in the data. Therefore, a method has been developed that uses all of the information, giving a "best" answer, in this sense. The method has been applied to data taken from beneath Lake Waiau, a tarn on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Observations taken over more than two years at depths in the sediments to about ten meters are used to estimate the thermal diffusivity of the sediment. The thermal conductivity of some sediment samples has been measured in laboratory apparatus for comparison with the field results.
The Interactions Between Ocean and Three Consecutive Typhoons Affecting Northeast Asia in 2020 From a Model Perspective

In August 2020, the historical warmest upper‐ocean thermal condition occurred in the western North Pacific (WNP), along with three tropical cyclones (TCs, namely Bavi, Maysak, and Haishen) generated in the WNP and affected Northeast China and the Korea peninsular (KP), within an unprecedentedly short span of 12 days from late August to early September of 2020. Meanwhile, prior to the formation of Bavi, a series of extreme warm mesoscale oceanic eddies were also observed over the WNP, and clearly sea surface cooling was detected after the passage of the three TCs. However, it remains unknown whether the warmest WNP with extreme warm mesoscale oceanic eddies has a modulation effect on intensity change of the three TCs. The results of sensitive experiments with fixed atmospheric initial conditions revealed that the historically warmest upper‐ocean thermal condition in the WNP in August 2020 might have contributed to increasing the intensity of three TCs by 5.3–10.0 hPa compared to normal ocean thermal conditions. The simulation results indicated that the extreme warm mesoscale eddy conglomeration might assist in intensifying the three TCs when they passed over these warm mesoscale eddies. Whereas the cold wake over the East China Sea caused by preceding TCs, Bavi and Maysak, might partly aid in weakening subsequent TCs in the decaying period. Furthermore, the simulated bias in the intensity evolution of the three TCs and the possible cause of minor differences in the simulated tracks and large‐scale steering flow between the sensitive and control experiments were discussed.
On bimodality in warm season soil moisture observations

It has recently been suggested that the bimodality in warm season soil moisture observations in Illinois is evidence of a soil moisture‐precipitation feedback. Other studies however provide little evidence for a strong feedback in this region. Here we show that seasonality in the meteorological conditions in combination with the non‐linearity of the soil moisture response alone can induce this bimodality. The existence of preferred wet and dry soil moisture states may have implications for the understanding and modeling of soil moisture dynamics in mid‐latitude regions.
Is critical state soil mechanics framework applicable to pond ash

Pond ash, being a form of coal ash, consists mainly of silt-size glassy particles with a significant percentage containing internal occluded voids. By analysing the evolution of particle size distribution before and after triaxial testing at normal stress range using a Laser Particle Size Analyser, specific gravity and SEM photography, it was found that these hollow particles may breakup as a result of shearing. This type of particle disintegration is different from localised grain crushing or shearing off of asperities at high contact stress points. The stress-strain responses measured in an extensive programme of triaxial testing were synthesised. It was established that a unique and consistent critical state line was achieved, irrespective of initial state, drainage conditions and stress histories. Furthermore, the overall pattern of stress-strain responses was related to the location of initial state relative to the critical state line. This supports the use of critical state soil mechanics framework in synthesising and modelling the stress-strain behaviour of pond ash.
Le couplage des modèles agronomiques et économiques : intérêt pour l'analyse des politiques

Integrating agronomic and economic models falls within the realm of bioeconomic models whereby biological processes under study are explicitly represented. In the case of agriculture, this approach is based, on the one hand, on an agronomic model specification of production technologies integrated to an economic model – most often of a constrained optimisation type – and on the other hand, on their impacts in terms of yields and environmental externalities. This explicit (primal) representation of technologies is well suited to study the environmental impacts of agricultural policies and represents an interesting alternative to the dual approach that is frequently used in the econometrics. It also enables ones not only to assess the effects of new agricultural policy instruments such as decoupled subsidies and agri-environmental contracts but also to take into account the non-convexities between agriculture and the environment.
EFFECTS OF WATER DRAWDOWN ON THE FAUNA IN SMALL COLD WATER RESERVOIRS

: Two small cold water reservoirs with stable water levels were compared with two reservoirs scheduled for complete drawdown to determine the effects of drawdown on invertebrate abundance and fish abundance and density. An extensive literature review supplemented the results with other applicable information. No conclusive evidence of effects of drawdown on invertebrates or fish was found. Characteristics of a reservoir and its drainage basin which obscure or lessen drawdown effects are discussed. Analysis and observation of drawdown procedures showed that duration and scheduling of draw-down periods are important in determining whether drawdown will be harmful to fauna in a given reservoir.
Observer‐based non‐fragile event‐triggered control of extra‐corporeal blood circulation process in finite‐time interval

An observer‐based event‐triggered non‐fragile control problem for regulating the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide (O 2$$ {}_2 $$ and CO 2$$ {}_2 $$ ) in patients blood during the extra‐corporeal blood circulation (ECC) process with random communication packet losses is explored in this work. The main intention of this work is to design an observer‐based event‐triggered and non‐fragile controller for ensuring the finite‐time boundedness criterion for the resulting system with mixed H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ and passivity performance index over a finite interval of time. In addition to the limited bandwidth of the channels, such random packet losses might occur simultaneously between the sensors and the controllers, and between the controllers and the actuators. Unlike most studies in the literature, we have found that, since the controller‐actuator link has packet dropouts, the observer's control input differs from that of the plant. The sufficient conditions derived are presented in a linear matrix inequalities frame work. Finally, simulation results are used to validate the efficacy of the proposed control method. The results show that the proposed observer‐based event‐triggered non‐fragile controller keeps the blood gases within physiological limits during a stable ECC process.
A saturated inertia gravity wave in the mesosphere observed by the middle and upper atmosphere radar

We have found the dominance of a monochromatic inertia gravity wave with a vertical wavelength of approximately 5.6 km from middle and upper atmosphere radar observations of the mesosphere on February 8, 1985. By assuming linear dispersion and polarization equations for gravity waves, we have estimated the intrinsic period and propagation direction of the wave as 8 hours and northward, respectively. The minimum Richardson number for the atmosphere as modified by the inertia gravity wave was slightly negative near 72 km, which implies that the wave was saturated and generated turbulence through shear and convective instabilities. We observed an echo power enhancement near the altitude of the minimum Richardson number. At 68–78 km altitude we found intermittent fluctuations in radial wind velocities with a period of 9 min. Their phases rapidly reversed near 73 km, where their amplitudes reached a minimum and the Richardson number was less than 1. These fluctuations seem to be attributable to the shear or convective instabilities generated by the saturating gravity wave.
Constrained Adaptive Distillation Based on Topological Persistence for Wearable Sensor Data

Wearable sensor data analysis with persistence features generated by topological data analysis (TDA) has achieved great success in various applications, and however, it suffers from large computational and time resources for extracting topological features. In this article, our approach utilizes knowledge distillation (KD) that involves the use of multiple teacher networks trained with the raw time series and persistence images (PIs) generated by TDA. However, direct transfer of knowledge from the teacher models utilizing different characteristics as inputs to the student model results in a knowledge gap and limited performance. To address this problem, we introduce a robust framework that integrates multimodal features from two different teachers and enables a student to learn desirable knowledge effectively. To account for statistical differences in multimodalities, an entropy-based constrained adaptive weighting mechanism is leveraged to automatically balance the effects of teachers and encourage the student model to adequately adopt the knowledge from two teachers. To assimilate dissimilar structural information generated by different style models for distillation, batch and channel similarities within a mini-batch are used. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on wearable sensor data.
Insights into the Structure–Capacity of Food Antioxidant Compounds Assessed Using Coulometry

CDAC (coulometrically determined antioxidant capacity) involves the determination of the antioxidant capacity of individual compounds or their mixtures using constant-current coulometry, with electrogenerated Br2 as the titrant, and biamperometric detection of the endpoint via Br2 excess. CDAC is an accurate, sensitive, rapid, and cheap measurement of the mol electrons (mol e−) transferred in a redox process. In this study, the CDAC of 48 individual antioxidants commonly found in foods has been determined. The molar ratio CDAC (CDACχ, mol e− mol−1) of representative antioxidants is ranked as follows: tannic acid > malvidin-3-O-glucoside ≃ curcumin > quercetin > catechin ≃ ellagic acid > gallic acid > tyrosol > BHT ≃ hydroxytyrosol > chlorogenic acid ≃ ascorbic acid ≃ Trolox®. In many cases, the CDACχ ranking of the flavonoids did not comply with the structural motifs that promote electron or hydrogen atom transfers, known as the Bors criteria. As an accurate esteem of the stoichiometric coefficients for reactions of antioxidants with Br2, the CDACχ provides insights into the structure–activity relationships underlying (electro)chemical reactions. The electrochemical ratio (ER), defined as the antioxidant capacity of individual compounds relative to ascorbic acid, represents a dimensionless nutritional index that can be used to estimate the antioxidant power of any foods on an additive basis.
Tracking Road Centerlines from High Resolution Remote Sensing Images by Least Squares Correlation Matching

This paper describes a semi-automatic algorithm for tracking road centerlines from satellite images at 1 m resolution. We assume that road centerlines are visible in the image and that among points on road centerlines similarity transformation holds. Previous approaches proposed for semi-automatic road extraction include energy minimization and template matching with global enforcement. In this paper we will show that least squares correlation matching alone can work for tracking road centerlines. Our algorithm works by defining a template around a user-given input point, which shall lie on a road centerline, and then by matching the template against the image along the orientation of the road under consideration. Once matching succeeds, new match proceeds by shifting a matched target window further along road orientation. By repeating the process above, we obtain a series of points, which lie on a road centerline successively. An Ikonos image over Seoul area was used for test. The algorithm could successfully extract road centerlines once valid input points were provided from a user. The contribution of this paper is that we proved template matching could offer wider applicability in feature extraction, and we designed a new template matching scheme that worked for feature extraction without global enforcements.
Effects of different compound substrates on growth, yield and fruit quality of cucumber.

The effects of eleven different peat-containing substrates on growth, yield and fruit quality of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) were studied in an eco-organic type soilless culture system during a 17-week greenhouse experiment. The results showed that physical characteristics of all substrates were within acceptable ranges of plant growth and development, but pH and EC values were beyond the optimal ranges when coal ash was over 25% in the mixture. The best seedling performance was obtained in the mixture of peat to coal ash 3:1 (T3), followed by 1:1 peat/coal ash (T6), 1:1:1 peat/vermiculite/coal ash (T8), and 3:1 peat/perlite (T2) treatment. Highest cucumber yield and fruit quality were obtained by the mixture of peat to vermiculite 1:1 (T4). And plants grown in 3:1 peat/vermiculite (T1), 3:1 peat/perlite (T2), 3:1 peat/coal ash (T3) had better yield than in 100% peat. The results indicate that addition of vermiculite, perlite and coal ash to peat resulted in a better seedling growth, higher yield and better quality of fruit probably owing to increasing water-holding capacity and aeration of peat, which demonstrates that inorganic substances such as vermiculite, perlite and coal ash could partially replace peat.
Importance of Ocean Dynamics for the Skewness of the Indian Ocean Dipole Mode

AbstractInterannual anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST), wind, and cloudiness in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SE-TIO) show negative skewness. In this research, asymmetry between warm and cold episodes in the SE-TIO and the importance of ocean dynamics are investigated. A coupled model simulation and observations show an asymmetric relationship between SST and the thermocline depth in the SE-TIO where SST is more sensitive to an anomalous shoaling than to deepening of the thermocline. This asymmetric thermocline feedback on SST is a result of a deep mean thermocline. Sensitivity experiments with an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) show that a negative SST skewness arises in response to sinusoidal zonal wind variations that are symmetric between the westerly and easterly phases. Heat budget analysis with an OGCM hindcast also supports the importance of ocean dynamics for SST skewness off Sumatra and Java.
Psychological Symptoms in Parents Who Experience Child-to-Parent Violence: The Role of Self-Efficacy Beliefs

Previous research suggests that parents involved in child-to-parent violence (CPV) experience shame, judgment, and a lack of social support, often accompanied by feelings of self-blame and helplessness as well as a deterioration in their perception of self-efficacy and their parenting skills. All of these factors may impact parents’ mental health. However, there is a research gap concerning the consequences of CPV among parents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the relationship between CPV and psychological symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, hostility, obsessive–compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, and somatization) in parents based on their perceptions of self-efficacy. The sample was composed of 354 participants: 177 parents (83.1% mothers) and their 177 children (53.4% boys; Mage = 13.27). CPV was reported by both parents and their children. In addition, parents reported their self-efficacy beliefs and psychological symptoms. The results showed that CPV was negatively associated with parents’ psychological symptomatology, except for somatization. Moreover, self-efficacy beliefs explain part of the indirect association between CPV behaviors and psychological symptoms in parents. Overall, our findings provide evidence for the potential impact of CPV on mental health in parents and suggest the relevance of reinforcing their self-efficacy beliefs.
Kinetics of Essential Oil Extraction of Kaffir Lime Peel Using Microwave Assisted Hydrodistillation

The purpose of this study is to study the kinetics of kaffir lime peel essential oil extraction using microwave assisted hydrodistillation. Extraction was carried out at various powers and the ratios of material to solvent for 1 hour. Soxhlet extraction using n-hexane solvent was also carried out to determine the yield of essential oil. The extraction kinetics was investigated using a mass transfer-controlled approach and expressed by the 1st and 2nd order of reaction rate. The Soxhlet extraction results indicated that the yield of kaffir lime peel essential oil was 5.65% w/w. The higher the microwave power being applied (180, 300, 450, and 600 Watt), the higher the essential oil yielded (2.2; 2.8; 3; and 3.8% w/w), respectively, but at 800 Watt, the yield decreased (3.2% w/w). The smaller the ratio of material to solvent, which means more diluted, the lower the yield of oil were, namely from 4.56; 3.9; and 3.8% w/w, at ratios of material to solvent 1:3, 1:3.5, and 1:4 w/v. Different results were obtained at a ratio of 1:3 (4.56% w/w) which produced a yield greater than the ratio of 1:1.25 (2.88% w/w). Therefore, the optimum conditions for extracting kaffir lime peel essential oil were at 600 Watt and a ratio of material to solvent 1:3 w/w for 56 minutes with a yield of 4.58% and a density of 0.86 g/cm3. The kinetics of the 2nd order of homogeneous model better represented results of the experiments with extraction rate constants at 180, 300, 450, 600, and 800 Watt of 14.89; 14.95; 15.53; 21.32; and 19.85 L.g-1.min-1. While the extraction rate constants at the material to solvent ratio of 1:2.5; 1:3; 1:3.5; and 1:4 w/v of 17.38; 19.80; 22.09; and 32.31 L.g-1.min-1. The extraction capacity was also affected by the power and the ratio of material to solvent, the extraction capacity were 0.0095; 0.0100; 0.0104; 0.0125; and 0.0106 g.L-1, at 180, 300, 450, 600, and 800 Watt respectively, and 0.0094; 0.0134; 0.0134; and 0.0118 g.L-1, at material to solvent ratio of 1:2.5; 1:3; 1:3,5; and 1:4 w/v respectively.