Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DAT++: Spatially Dynamic Vision Transformer with Deformable Attention

Transformers have shown superior performance on various vision tasks. Their large receptive field endows Transformer models with higher representation power than their CNN counterparts. Nevertheless, simply enlarging the receptive field also raises several concerns. On the one hand, using dense attention in ViT leads to excessive memory and computational cost, and features can be influenced by irrelevant parts that are beyond the region of interests. On the other hand, the handcrafted attention adopted in PVT or Swin Transformer is data agnostic and may limit the ability to model long-range relations. To solve this dilemma, we propose a novel deformable multi-head attention module, where the positions of key and value pairs in self-attention are adaptively allocated in a data-dependent way. This flexible scheme enables the proposed deformable attention to dynamically focus on relevant regions while maintains the representation power of global attention. On this basis, we present Deformable Attention Transformer (DAT), a general vision backbone efficient and effective for visual recognition. We further build an enhanced version DAT++. Extensive experiments show that our DAT++ achieves state-of-the-art results on various visual recognition benchmarks, with 85.9% ImageNet accuracy, 54.5 and 47.0 MS-COCO instance segmentation mAP, and 51.5 ADE20K semantic segmentation mIoU.
Streaming and Query Once Space Complexity of Longest Increasing Subsequence

Longest Increasing Subsequence (LIS) is a fundamental problem in combinatorics and computer science. Previously, there have been numerous works on both upper bounds and lower bounds of the time complexity of computing and approximating LIS, yet only a few on the equally important space complexity. In this paper, we further study the space complexity of computing and approximating LIS in various models. Specifically, we prove non-trivial space lower bounds in the following two models: (1) the adaptive query-once model or read-once branching programs, and (2) the streaming model where the order of streaming is different from the natural order. As far as we know, there are no previous works on the space complexity of LIS in these models. Besides the bounds, our work also leaves many intriguing open problems.
StyleAdapter: A Single-Pass LoRA-Free Model for Stylized Image Generation

This paper presents a LoRA-free method for stylized image generation that takes a text prompt and style reference images as inputs and produces an output image in a single pass. Unlike existing methods that rely on training a separate LoRA for each style, our method can adapt to various styles with a unified model. However, this poses two challenges: 1) the prompt loses controllability over the generated content, and 2) the output image inherits both the semantic and style features of the style reference image, compromising its content fidelity. To address these challenges, we introduce StyleAdapter, a model that comprises two components: a two-path cross-attention module (TPCA) and three decoupling strategies. These components enable our model to process the prompt and style reference features separately and reduce the strong coupling between the semantic and style information in the style references. StyleAdapter can generate high-quality images that match the content of the prompts and adopt the style of the references (even for unseen styles) in a single pass, which is more flexible and efficient than previous methods. Experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the superiority of our method over previous works.
FlexRDZ: Autonomous Mobility Management for Radio Dynamic Zones

FlexRDZ is an online, autonomous manager for radio dynamic zones (RDZ) that seeks to enable the safe operation of RDZs through real-time control of deployed test transmitters. FlexRDZ leverages Hierarchical Task Networks and digital twin modeling to plan and resolve RDZ violations in near real-time. We prototype FlexRDZ with GTPyhop and the Terrain Integrated Rough Earth Model (TIREM). We deploy and evaluate FlexRDZ within a simulated version of the Salt Lake City POWDER testbed, a potential urban RDZ environment. Our simulations show that FlexRDZ enables up to a 20 dBm reduction in mobile interference and a significant reduction in the total power of leaked transmissions while preserving the overall communication capabilities and uptime of test transmitters. To our knowledge, FlexRDZ is the first autonomous system for RDZ management.
CORESIDING WITH PARENTS, SON PREFERENCE, AND WOMEN’S DESIRE FOR ADDITIONAL CHILDREN IN VIETNAM

Due to strong filial piety, parents(-in-law) play an important role in their adult daughters’ fertility decisions in Vietnam; women feel pressured to fulfil their duties to produce a male descendant for the family. However, rapid urbanisation and industrialisation mean that multigenerational households are becoming less common, despite having been the standard household structure for centuries. Based on the 2020–21 Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, we investigate if women who coreside with the parental generation are more likely to desire additional children. In an industrialised economy, grandparents may be an important source of childcare while simultaneously exerting pressure on their adult children to have additional children. Further, we explore the association of the sex of previous child(ren) to capture the pressure associated with son preference. Multivariate regressions reveal an association between coresiding with parents and the desire for a second child, regardless of the sex of the first child. Among women with two children, third-child desires do not appear to be associated with coresiding with parents but are substantially related to having two daughters. Given the strong two-child norm in Vietnam and previous policies implying negative consequences for parents with three or more children, few women show a desire for a third child. Those women who report a desire for a third child mostly have two daughters, reflecting societal norms about the need for a male heir.
The American freshman : national norms fall 2009

This annual series, initiated in 1966, is a project of the Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP), the longest-running and largest longitudinal study of the American higher education system. It provides national normative data on the characteristics of students attending American colleges and universities as first-time, full-time freshmen (demographic characteristics; expectations of college; degree goals and career plans; college finances; and, attitudes, values and life goals).
Central Lancashire Online Knowledge (CLoK)

: Assessing the timing of skeletal trauma signiﬁcantly impacts the reconstruction of events surrounding death and deposition in forensic cases. However, there are no absolute time frames in which the characteristics of wet bone (peri-mortem) fractures transition to dry (post-mortem) fractures. The aim of this study was to attempt to identify a point within the post-mortem interval in which the characteristics of bone change from wet to dry bone properties. A total of 32 deer ribs were placed in a laboratory burial environment and a set of three were fractured with blunt force trauma every week during a ten-week period. All samples and the inﬂicted trauma effects were documented and analysed by macroscopic observation, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, thermal analysis, biomechanical analysis, and attenuated total reﬂectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). No signiﬁcant difference was found in the macroscopic, microscopic, thermal, and biomechanical analyses of the trauma inﬂicted over the 10-week period. A signiﬁcant difference was only found in the carbonate-to-phosphate ratio in analytical chemistry. The results suggest that interpreting wet bone characteristics in forensic anthropology as having been inﬂicted during the peri-mortem period (around the time of death) should also consider that these, in fact, could be inﬂicted well after death (post-mortem) as wet bone properties as this study has shown persist at least 10 weeks after death in a burial environment.
PATIENT-NURSE INTERRATER RELIABILITY AND AGREEMENT OF THE RICHARDS-CAMPBELL SLEEP QUESTIONNAIRE

Background The Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) is a simple, validated survey instrument for measuring sleep quality in intensive care patients. Although both patients and nurses can complete the RCSQ, interrater reliability and agreement have not been fully evaluated. Objectives To evaluate patient-nurse interrater reliability and agreement of the RCSQ in a medical intensive care unit. Methods The instrument included 5 RCSQ items plus a rating of nighttime noise, each scored by using a 100-mm visual analogue scale. The mean of the 5 RCSQ items comprised a total score. For 24 days, the night-shift nurses in the medical intensive care unit completed the RCSQ regarding their patients’ overnight sleep quality. Upon awakening, all conscious, nondelirious patients completed the RCSQ. Neither nurses nor patients knew the others’ ratings. Patient-nurse agreement was evaluated by using mean differences and Bland-Altman plots. Reliability was evaluated by using intraclass correlation coefficients. Results Thirty-three patients had a total of 92 paired patientnurse assessments. For all RCSQ items, nurses’ scores were higher (indicating “better” sleep) than patients’ scores, with significantly higher ratings for sleep depth (mean [SD], 67 [21] vs 48 [35], P = .001), awakenings (68 [21] vs 60 [33], P = .03), and total score (68 [19] vs 57 [28], P = .01). The Bland-Altman plots also showed that nurses’ ratings were generally higher than patients’ ratings. Intraclass correlation coefficients of patient-nurse pairs ranged from 0.13 to 0.49 across the survey questions. Conclusions Patient-nurse interrater reliability on the RCSQ was “slight” to “moderate,” with nurses tending to overestimate patients’ perceived sleep quality. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2012;21:261-269) PATIENT-NURSE INTERRATER RELIABILITY AND AGREEMENT OF THE RICHARDS-CAMPBELL SLEEP QUESTIONNAIRE
Inverse modeling of the global CO cycle: 1

A three-dimensional modeling study on atmospheric carbon monoxide is presented, based on the TM2 model. A Bayesian inverse technique is applied to optimize the agreement between model and observational data, including a priori source information as regularization term. Using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory data set for CO mixing ratios at 31 globally distributed sites, a posteriori CO budgets can be derived, which allow the model to reproduce the observations at most sites within two standard deviations of monthly mean values. Use of different spatiotemporal emission distributions for terpenes (Global Emissions Inventory Activity, ∼80% of emissions in the tropics; Hough [1991], ∼70% of emissions in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere) showed a large impact on calculated a posteriori source strengths and on the modeled partitioning among individual CO sources. In order to reproduce the interhemispheric gradient of observed CO mixing ratios, a ratio between total sources in the Northern Hemisphere and those in the Southern Hemisphere of ∼1.8 is required. While it is obvious that this asymmetry is mainly due to CO emissions from technological sources, the inversion results suggest that either (1) the global technological CO source strength is higher (∼800 Tg CO/yr) than present inventory based estimates or (2) CO from terpenes or vegetation (or additional sources with dominant emissions in the Northern Hemisphere) have a significant impact on the northern hemispheric mixing ratios. Further sensitivity studies showed that a posteriori results slightly depend on biomass burning seasonality (shifted by 1 month), but they are virtually identical for the two different OH fields (CH4-nonmethanehydrocarbons chemistry vs. CH4-Only chemistry). Inversion results, however, were sensitive to model wind fields used (based on meteorological observations of 1987 and 1986, respectively), mainly due to stations near source regions. Use of a reduced set of stations resulted in virtually identical a posteriori source strengths for both model wind fields. The analysis is extended in the companion paper which considers the additional information on the CO budget provided by measurements of the stable isotope ratios (13C/12C, 18O/16O).
Benefits For Whom? A Systematic Literature Review Of Algorithmic Management In Digital Work Platforms

Digital work platforms are increasingly more present in our society. Among the main elements of this algorithm-mediated economic model are companies (suppliers), consumers and workers. The aim of this study is to analyze the benefits of algorithmic management for each of those groups in digital work platforms. To that end, we conducted a systematic literature review with the initial sample of 873 publications from journals and international conferences. The results allowed us to identify the main benefits of digital platforms for each category. A direct implication of this study is the incentive for Academia to reflect on how algorithmic management affects work conditions.
Global change and fire regimes in Australia

Global change can be defined strictly in terms of changes in atmospheric composition, climate and land use (Walker and Steffen 1996), although broader definitions also include human population, economy and urbanisation (Steffen et al. 2004). In Australia, global change significantly affects the drivers of fire activity and there is potential for considerable changes in fire regimes. It is widely accepted that carbon dioxide (C02) concentration in the atmosphere is steadily increasing (see Steele et al. 2007), as is nitrous oxide (Forster et al. 2007). Atmospheric methane concentration has also risen significantly, but is now relatively constant (Beer et al. 2006). Given the increase in these greenhouse gases, an increase in the energy trapped by the atmosphere is expected, resulting in atmospheric warming (Arrhenius 1896; IPCC 2007). Therefore, Australia's climate is changing. Average temperatures are expected to increase by between 0.6 and 4°C, depending on emission scenario, timeframe and locality (CSIRO and Australian Bureau of Meteorology 2007) (Figure 7.1). Patterns of precipitation are projected to shift by the end of this century, with higher precipitation in the continent's north and east and declines in the south and west a pattern generally mimicked by evaporation (Lim and Roderick 2009) (Figure 7.2). Average relative humidity could decline by up to 4% in central and eastern Australia by 2070, while average wind speed may increase by 10% in similar areas (see CSIRO and Australian Bureau of Meteorology 2007). The frequency of extreme frontal events may double or more by the end of this century (Hasson et al. 2009), yet outcomes for circulation patterns associated with El Nifio and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (Philander 1990) are uncertain (Collins et al. 2010). Importantly, uncertainty arising from choice of emission scenarios and climate sensitivity, and from differences among models, is common (CSIRO and Australian Bureau of Meteorology 2007; Lim and Roderick 2009).
Interference: A Much-Neglected Aspect in High-Throughput Screening of Nanoparticles

Despite several studies addressing nanoparticle (NP) interference with conventional toxicity assay systems, it appears that researchers still rely heavily on these assays, particularly for high-throughput screening (HTS) applications in order to generate “big” data for predictive toxicity approaches. Moreover, researchers often overlook investigating the different types of interference mechanisms as the type is evidently dependent on the type of assay system implemented. The approaches implemented in the literature appear to be not adequate as it often addresses only one type of interference mechanism with the exclusion of others. For example, interference of NPs that have entered cells would require intracellular assessment of their interference with fluorescent dyes, which has so far been neglected. The present study investigated the mechanisms of interference of gold NPs and silver NPs in assay systems implemented in HTS including optical interference as well as adsorption or catalysis. The conventional assays selected cover all optical read-out systems, that is, absorbance (XTT toxicity assay), fluorescence (CytoTox-ONE Homogeneous membrane integrity assay), and luminescence (CellTiter Glo luminescent assay). Furthermore, this study demonstrated NP quenching of fluorescent dyes also used in HTS (2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein, propidium iodide, and 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-benzamidazolocarbocyanin iodide). To conclude, NP interference is, as such, not a novel concept, however, ignoring this aspect in HTS may jeopardize attempts in predictive toxicology. It should be mandatory to report the assessment of all mechanisms of interference within HTS, as well as to confirm results with label-free methodologies to ensure reliable big data generation for predictive toxicology.
Data Science for Justice: Evidence from a Nationwide Randomized Experiment in Kenya

∗ Department of Economics, McGill University; Cireq, Canada; and Cirano, Canada. E-mail: matthieu.chemin@mcgill.ca. † daniel.chen@iast.fr, JD, PhD, Lead Principal Investigator, Data and Evidence for Justice Reform (DE JURE), The World Bank, Directeur de Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Professor, Toulouse School of Economics, Professor, Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse. ‡ Development Impact Evaluation (DIME), World Bank. E-mail: vdimaro@worldbank.org § Director, Planning and Organizational Performance Directorate, Judiciary of Kenya. E-mail: paul.kimalu@court.go. ke ¶ Development Impact Evaluation (DIME), World Bank. E-mail: mmokaya@worldbank.org ‖ Development Impact Evaluation (DIME), World Bank; Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford. E-mail: mramosmaqueda@worldbank.org ∗∗ We wish to thank the Judiciary management for the support and endorsement of the project. We particularly thank the Honorable Chief Justice president of the Supreme Court, Hon. Justice Martha K. Koome, the Judiciary’s Chief Registrar, Ms. Anne Amadi, the Chair of Administration of Justice and Performance Management Committee, Hon Justice Agnes Murgor, as well as Dr. Paul Kimalu, Director of the Directorate of Planning and Organizational Performance (DPOP) and assistant directors Mr. Fredrick Ombwori, Mr. Dominic Nyambane, Dr. Moses Maranga, Dr. Joseph Osewe, and Gilbert Kirui. Our thanks are also extended to the program officers of DPOP, namely Martin Astiba, Stanford Mwangi, and Solomon Onaya for the generous assistance in the carrying out the project. We would also like to thank World Bank staff Lacey Ramirez, Bilal Siddiqi, and task team leaders Nicholas Menzies and Christine Anyango for the generous guidance through the Judicial Performance Improvement Project (JPIP). Our deepest appreciation goes to Elimu staff Thomas Kokossou, Simon Newman, and Romain Galgani for the tireless research assistance in this project. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the International Growth Center, the World Bank’s Research Support Budget, and the Center for Effective Global Action’s Economic Development and Institutions program, funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office. Chen also acknowledges financial support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (Grant No. 2018-11245), European Research Council (No. 614708), Swiss National Science Foundation (No. 100018-152768), and IAST, TSE-Partnership, and Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute (ANITI) funding from the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the Investments for the Future (Investissements d’Avenir) program, grant ANR-17-EUR-0010.
(cid:2) -submodules of ﬁnite index of anticyclotomic plus and minus Selmer groups of elliptic curves

Let p be an odd prime and K an imaginary quadratic ﬁeld where p splits. Under appropriatehypotheses,BertolinishowedthattheSelmergroupofa p -ordinaryellipticcurve over the anticyclotomic Z p -extension of K does not admit any proper (cid:2) -submodule of ﬁnite index, where (cid:2) is a suitable Iwasawa algebra. We generalize this result to the plus and minus Selmer groups (in the sense of Kobayashi) of p -supersingular elliptic curves. In particular, in our setting the plus/minus Selmer groups have (cid:2) -corank one, so they are not (cid:2) -cotorsion. As an application of our main theorem, we prove results in the vein of Greenberg–Vatsal on Iwasawa invariants of p -congruent elliptic curves, extending to the supersingular case results for p -ordinary elliptic curves due to Hatley–Lei.
Decentralized control for discrete‐time mean‐field systems with multiple controllers of delayed information

In this paper, the finite horizon asymmetric information linear quadratic (LQ) control problem is investigated for a discrete‐time mean field system. Different from previous works, multiple controllers with different information sets are involved in the mean field system dynamics. The coupling of different controllers makes it quite difficult in finding the optimal control strategy. Fortunately, by applying the Pontryagin's maximum principle, the corresponding decentralized control problem of the finite horizon is investigated. The contributions of this paper can be concluded as follows: For the first time, based on the solution of a group of mean‐field forward and backward stochastic difference equations (MF‐FBSDEs), the necessary and sufficient solvability conditions are derived for the asymmetric information LQ control for the mean field system with multiple controllers. Furthermore, by the use of an innovative orthogonal decomposition approach, the optimal decentralized control strategy is derived, which is based on the solution to a non‐symmetric Riccati‐type equation.
What are the Characteristics of Respondents using Different Devices in Mixed‐device Online Surveys? Evidence from Six UK Surveys

There is a move towards online data collection across the world. Online survey response is complicated by respondents using different devices. So far, no research has been conducted in the UK to study characteristics of people using different devices in mixed‐device online surveys. This analysis uses all publicly available UK social surveys with an online component: Understanding Society Innovation Panel, Community Life Survey, European Social Survey, 1958 National Child Development Study and the Second Longitudinal Study of Young People in England. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions are used to explore significant correlates of device use in online surveys. The results of bivariate analysis suggest that age, gender, marital status, employment, religion, household size, children in household, household income, number of cars and frequency of internet use are significantly associated with device used across surveys. The associations with age, gender, employment status, household size and education are consistent with the findings from other countries. The knowledge about respondents' characteristics using different devices in online surveys in the UK will help to understand better the response process in online surveys and to target certain subgroups more effectively. It is also important for designs of online surveys, understanding of data quality and post‐survey adjustments.