Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Stratospheric Anomalies on the Northeast Cold Vortex

The purpose of the study is to investigate influences of stratospheric circulation anomalies on NCV.Using the NCEP/NCAR(daily and month mean) dataset over 1958–2010,the authors performed statistical and composite analyses on the characteristics and three dimensional structures of NCV for stratospheric northern-hemisphere annular mode anomalies.It shows that NCV has more frequent occurrences and longer duration during negative stratosphere NAM anomalies than that during positive NAM anomalies.Composite results show that NCV is stronger during negative stratospheric NAM anomalies than that during positive NAM anomalies.It is also found that during negative stratospheric NAM anomalies NCV is more closely related to downward,eastward and equatorward propagation of stratospheric anomalies,indicating that negative stratospheric NAM may enhance formation and development of NCV and lead to colder weather in Northeastern China.The results have important implications for medium range forecasting NCV in the winter season.
Relações isotópicas Rb-Sr e Sm-Nd e idades do magmatismo granítico brasiliano da região leste do Cinturão Dom Feliciano no Rio Grande do Sul: evidências de retrabalhamento de crosta continental paleoproterozóica

O presente trabalho trata dos granitoides brasilianos da regiao leste do Cinturao Dom Feliciano no Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados apresentados para o magmatismo, com relacao as idades Rb-Sr e as idades modelo Sm-Nd, indicam que as intrusoes graniticas que se sucederam entre 800 e 585Ma foram geradas com a participacao de uma fonte mais antiga. Esta fonte pode representar um manto enriquecido por um periodo superior ao que seria esperado na evolucao de arcos magmaticos ou representar uma forte participacao de crosta continental mais antiga na genese desse magmatismo, iniciado durante um regime de colisao continental. A evolucao tectonica da area, o longo periodo de tempo observado entre as manifestacoes graniticas associadas a um regime tangencial e as associadas a um regime transcorrente, as relacoes entre isotopos de Sr e de Nd e os valores negativos de eNdt sugerem uma forte participacao de crosta mais antiga. Essa crosta, possivelmente constituida por protolitos gnaissicos de idade paleoproterozoica gerada durante o Ciclo Trasamazonico, participou da constituicao das fontes do magmatismo granitico dessa parte do cinturao. As variacoes observadas nas idades modelo, nos valores negativos de eNdt e nas razoes de Nd, nos granitoides calcio-alcalinos, sugerem diferentes proporcoes para essa participacao de crosta continental mais antiga ou, ainda, diferentes graus de homogeneizacao nas fontes desses magmas. Nos granitoides peraluminosos resultantes da fusao de crosta continental ha indicacoes de fontes diferentes para os varios corpos trabalhados.
An 11 000‐year record of driftwood delivery to the western Queen Elizabeth Islands, Arctic Canada

Fifty‐six new radiocarbon dates from driftwood (mainly Larix, Picea and Populus spp.) collected from the modern and raised shorelines of Melville and Eglinton islands (western Canadian High Arctic) are presented and compared to other driftwood collections from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) and Greenland. By documenting the species (provenance) and spatio‐temporal distribution of driftwood at various sites across the Arctic, regional characterizations of former sea‐ice conditions and changes in Arctic Ocean circulation patterns may be deduced. The earliest postglacial invasion of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago by driftwood is recorded on central Melville Island at c. 11 cal. ka BP, suggesting that the modern circulation pattern of Arctic Ocean surface water southeast through the archipelago was established >1000 years earlier than previously proposed. Throughout most of the Holocene until c. 1.0 cal. ka BP, the rate of driftwood delivery to the western Arctic islands was low (~1 recorded stranding event per 200 years) and intermittent, with the longest break in the record occurring between c. 3.0 and 5.0 cal. ka BP. This 2000‐year hiatus is attributed to a period of colder temperatures causing severe sea‐ice conditions and effectively making the coasts of the western Arctic islands inaccessible. After c. 1.0 cal. ka BP, driftwood incursion increased to maximum Holocene levels (~1 recorded stranding event every 20 years). Driftwood identified to the genus level as Larix that was delivered at this time suggests that the Trans Polar Drift current was regularly in its most southwestern position, related to a dominantly positive Arctic Oscillation mode. The Little Ice Age appears to have had little impact on driftwood entry to the western Canadian Arctic Archipelago, indeed the general abundance in the latest Holocene may record infrequent landfast sea ice.
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY SYNDROME-AN UNUSUAL CAUSE OF DUODENAL OBSTRUCTION

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY SYNDROME AN UNUSUAL CAUSE OF DUODENAL OBSTRUCTION. (Abstract): Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) arising from aorta at the level of first lumbar vertebra usually takes an angular downward course from ventral surface of aorta. It is through this vascular angle that the 3rd part of duodenum passes at the level of 4th lumbar vertebra. Fat and lymphatics around SMA maintains the angle at 25° to 60° with a mean of 45 and provide protection against duodenal compression. In Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome, the SMA-aorta angle in narrowed down to 7° to 22° with a mean of 8 leading to entrapment of the transverse part of duodenum between the artery and the vertebral column and aorta with resultant partial or complete duodenal obstruction. We report a case of Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome which was diagnosed by CECT abdomen. Duodeno-jejunostomy was done to treat this condition.
Strain-rate-dependent stress-strain behavior of overconsolidated Hong Kong marine clay

A total number of 24 consolidated undrained triaxial shear tests on reconsolidated saturated Hong Kong marine clay (HKMC) have been performed in both compression and extension shear states. The specimens were prepared in four different overconsolidation ratios (OCRs) and sheared at three different axial strain rates. The strain-rate dependency of undrained shear strength, pore-water pressure, stress path, and secant Young's modulus are investigated. The influence of OCR on the stressstrainstrength behavior of HKMC is also examined. The results of all tests are presented and interpreted. The interpreted results are compared with the results in the literature. For the HKMC with OCR varying from 1 to 8, the average value of the strain-rate parameter 0.15 is 5.5% for compression tests and 8.4% for extension tests. Most interpreted results are conclusive and consistent with the published results, whereas some results are not conclusive. A new parameter for describing the strain-rate dependency of undrained .
Greenhouse gas (N2O and CH4) fluxes under nitrogen-fertilised dryland wheat and barley on subtropical Vertosols: risk, rainfall and alternatives

The northern Australian grains industry relies on nitrogen (N) fertiliser to optimise yield and protein, but N fertiliser can increase soil fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). We measured soil N2O and CH4 fluxes associated with wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) using automated (Expts 1, 3) and manual chambers (Expts 2, 4, 5). Experiments were conducted on subtropical Vertosol soils fertilised with N rates of 0–160kgNha–1. In Expt 1 (2010), intense rainfall for a month before and after sowing elevated N2O emissions from N-fertilised (80kgNha–1) wheat, with 417gN2O-Nha–1 emitted compared with 80g N2O-Nha–1 for non-fertilised wheat. Once crop N uptake reduced soil mineral N, there was no further treatment difference in N2O. Expt 2 (2010) showed similar results, however, the reduced sampling frequency using manual chambers gave a lower cumulative N2O. By contrast, very low rainfall before and for several months after sowing Expt 3 (2011) resulted in no difference in N2O emissions between N-fertilised and non-fertilised barley. N2O emission factors were 0.42, 0.20 and –0.02 for Expts 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In Expts 4 and 5 (2011), N2O emissions increased with increasing rate of N fertiliser. Emissions were reduced by 45% when the N fertiliser was applied in a 50:50 split between sowing and mid-tillering, or by 70% when urea was applied with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole-phosphate. Methane fluxes were typically small and mostly negative in all experiments, especially in dry soils. Cumulative CH4 uptake ranged from 242 to 435g CH4-Cha–1year–1, with no effect of N fertiliser treatment. Considered in terms of CO2 equivalents, soil CH4 uptake offset 8–56% of soil N2O emissions, with larger offsets occurring in non-N-fertilised soils. The first few months from N fertiliser application to the period of rapid crop N uptake pose the main risk for N2O losses from rainfed cereal cropping on subtropical Vertosols, but the realisation of this risk is dependent on rainfall. Strategies that reduce the soil mineral N pool during this time can reduce the risk of N2O loss.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise Versus Vestibular Stimulation on Lipid Profile in Premenstrual Syndrome

Objective: To determine the effect of aerobic exercise versus vestibular stimulation on lipid profile in premenstrual syndrome. Subjects and Methods: Sixty patients with premenstrual syndrome had regular menstrual cycles were participated in this study. Their ages were ranged between 23-30 year. Their body mass index did not exceed 30 kg/ m2. They were not participating in physical therapy exercise program at the last 3 months. Patients with cardiovascular problems, pulmonary problems and endometriosis are excluded from the study. All patients were divided randomly into two equal groups (A&B). Group A: It consisted of thirty patients with premenstrual syndrome. They were treated by aerobic exercises in the form of treadmill training at moderate intensity of 60- 70% of the maximum heart rate, 3 times per week for 2 months. Group B: It consisted of thirty patients with premenstrual syndrome. They were treated by vestibular stimulation, 3 times per week for 2 months. Outcome measures: Total cholesterol level, HDL, LDL, triglycerides were assessed for all patients before and after treatment in both groups (A&B). Premenstrual syndrome scale was used to confirm the diagnosis of PMS before study and to evaluate the severity of PMS symptoms for all patients in both groups (A&B) before and after treatment. Results: Results revealed that, between groups; pretreatment, there was no significant difference between both groups A and B in total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and premenstrual syndrome scale. While post treatment, there was significant difference between both groups A and B in total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and premenstrual syndrome scale (with favour of group A; more decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and premenstrual syndrome scale and more increase in HDL). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise was found to be effective more than vestibular stimulation on lipid profile in premenstrual syndrome, in relieving stress and symptoms of PMS.
IMPACT OF INDUSTRIES ON GROUND WATER QUALITY BY COMPARISON BETWEEN HOSHANGABAD (NON INDUSTRIAL AREA) AND MANDIDEEP (INDUSTRIAL AREA), BHOPAL (INDIA)

India is a developing country, so the industrialization is increasing day by day. Industrialization shows the growth of country but these industries also effects the ground water quality, in a direct manner as well as indirect manner. My case study aim to show impact of industries on ground water quality by comparison between an industrial (Mandideep) and non-industrial (Hoshangabad) area. For this, four different source of different locations are selected for analyzing the parameter pH, Total Hardness, Sulphate,Chloride, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), T.D. S. , T.H. , T.A ,compared theses result to WHO and ISI standards and also these parameters compared between both the cities.
Antecedents of Taxpayer Compliance with Understanding of Regulations as a Moderator (Survey of MSME Taxpayers in the West Jakarta Region)

: Tax compliance is one of the obligations of taxpayers, especially in terms of paying and reporting tax payable. MSME actors must understand tax regulations and be skilled at using the e-SPT system because it is in the tax collection system self assesment Taxpayers are free to carry out their tax obligations. Quality tax services aim to make tax administration more effective and efficient. Furthermore, one's religious beliefs can have an impact on tax compliance. Understanding Regulations as a moderating variable can strengthen the effect of implementing e-SPT on tax service quality and religiosity on tax compliance. Respondents in this study were MSME actors who already had NPWP. The research method used is a survey method using a questionnaire as a tool in data collection. The analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis and MRA. The results of the study prove that the implementation of the e-SPT system, service quality, religiosity affect taxpayer compliance and understanding regulations strengthens the effect of implementing the e-SPT system and religiosity affects taxpayer compliance, while understanding regulations weakens the effect of service quality on taxpayer compliance.
Understanding International Prices: Customers as Capital

This paper develops a new theory of pricing-to-market driven by sluggish market shares. Our key innovation is a capital theoretic model of marketing in which relations with the customers are valuable. We discipline the introduced friction using a unique prediction of the model about the low short-run and high long-run price elasticity of international trade flows, consistent with the data. The model accounts for several pricing implications that are puzzling for a large class of theories. The good performance on the quantities side is maintained.
Endogenous Policy Choice: The Case of Pollution and Growth

What determines the relationship between pollution and growth? Are the forces that explain the behavior over time of these quantities potentially useful to understand more generally the relationship between policies and growth? In this paper we make a first attempt to analyze the equilibrium behavior of two quantities - the level of pollution and the level of income - in a setting in which societies choose, via voting, how much to regulation pollution. Our major finding is that, consistent with the evidence, the relationship between pollution and growth need not be monotone, and that the precise equilibrium nature of the relationship between the two variables depends on whether individuals vote over effluent charges or directly restrict the choice of technology. Moreover, our analysis of the pollution problem suggests that, more generally, endogenous policy choices should be taken seriously as potential sources of heterogeneity when studying cross country differences in economic performance. (Copyright: Elsevier)
Understanding International Prices : Customers as Capital

This paper develops a new theory of pricing-to-market driven by sluggish marketshares. Our key innovation is a capital theoretic model of marketing in which relations with the customers are valuable. We discipline the introduced friction using a unique prediction of the model about the low short-run and high long-run price elasticity of international trade flows, consistent with the data. The model accounts for several pricing implications that are puzzling for a large class of theories. The good performance on the quantities side is maintained. (JEL: F41, E32, F31.) Standard international macroeconomic models, while being successful in accounting for the business cycle dynamics of quantities, have so far failed to account for the movements of international relative prices. In the data three patterns are evident. First, both real export prices and real import prices are highly positively correlated, and both are positively correlated with the real exchange rates. Second, the terms of trade is much less volatile than the real exchange rates. Third, there are large and persistent movements in the real exchange rates. These movements, often interpreted as deviations from the law of one price at the aggregate level, are mimicked by persistent deviations from the law of one price at more disaggregated levels. Neither real business cycle models nor sticky price models have thus far been able to account for these patterns. In the standard real business cycle model, the real export price is ∗Drozd: Department of Economics, University of Wisconsing-Madison, ldrozd@ssc.wisc. edu; Nosal: Department of Economics, Columbia University, jnosal@columbia.edu. We thank V.V. Chari, Patrick Kehoe and Fabrizio Perri for valuable advice and encouragement. We are also grateful to George Alessandria, Andrew Cassey, Wioletta Dziuda, Borys Grochulski, Ricardo Lagos and Timothy Kehoe for their comments. We also appreciate the comments of the participants of the Minnesota Workshop in Macroeconomic Theory and seminars at the FRB of Minneapolis, Kansas City and Dallas, Federal Reserve Board, University of Wisconsin, Columbia University, University of Pennsylvania, University of Rochester, Georgetown University, University of Virginia, University of Texas, London School of Economics, Ohio State University, SED Meeting in Boston, Midwest Macroeconomic Meetings in Saint Louis, Econometric Society Meetings in Minneapolis and ASSA Meetings in Chicago. All remaining errors are ours. Nominal export prices evaluated relative to the domestic price level (measured by the consumer price index [CPI], the CPI for tradable goods, or the producer price index [PPI]). Consider the most recent real depreciation 2006–2008. The U.S. real effective exchange depreciated between January 2006 and January 2008 by 11%, whereas the terms of trade for manufactured goods increased by only 0.5%. Export and import price indices for manufactured articles both increased by 8.7% and 9.2%, respectively. (Price indices have been pulled out from BLS, and real exchange rate data from IMF IFS Online Database.)
Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts Among Black Adolescents Based on the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate risk (violence and victimization, symptoms of depression, substance use, and obesity) and protective factors (physical activity and academic performance) associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Black adolescents. Data were obtained from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. The analytic sample consisted of 658 adolescents ages 14–18 years (51.8% female) who self-identified as Black. Multivariable binary logistic regression was conducted to examine risk and protective factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. About 16% of the sample reported suicidal ideation, and 9.1% made a suicide attempt during the past 12 months. Factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts included weapon-carrying on school property and symptoms of depression. Physical activity (AOR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.11–0.68) and higher academic performance had protective effects on suicide attempts (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.17–0.71). Clinicians and school counselors working with Black adolescents may want to inquire about suicide when these risk factors are experienced and strengthen the protective factors identified.
Toward aerosol optical depth retrievals over land from GOES visible radiances: determining surface reflectance

Frequent observations of aerosol over land are desirable for aviation, air pollution and health applications. Thus, a method is proposed here to correct surface effects and retrieve aerosol optical depth using visible reflectance measurements from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES). The surface contribution is determined from temporal compositing of visible imagery, where darker pixels correspond to less atmospheric attenuation and surface reflectance is deduced from the composite using radiative transfer. The method is applied to GOES‐8 imagery over the eastern US. Retrieved surface reflectance is compared with separate retrievals using a priori ground‐based observations of aerosol optical depth. The results suggest that surface reflectances can be determined to within ±0.04. The composite‐derived surface reflectance is further analysed by retrieving aerosol optical depth and validating retrievals with Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) observations. This analysis indicates that the retrieved optical depth is least biased, hence the surface reflectance is most accurate, when the composite time period varies seasonally. Aerosol optical depth retrievals from this validation are within ±0.13 of AERONET observations and have a correlation coefficient of 0.72. While aerosol optical depth retrieval noise at low optical depths may be limiting, the retrieval accuracy is adequate for monitoring large outbreaks of aerosol events.
Bias-compensated RPCs for sensor orientation of high-resolution satellite imagery

The demand for higher quality metric products from high-resolution satellite imagery (HRSI) is growing, and the number of HRSI sensors and product options is increasing. There is a greater need to fully understand the potential and indeed shortcomings of alternative photogrammetric sensor orientation models for HRSI. To date, rational functions have proven to be a viable alternative model for geo-positioning, and with the recent innovation of bias-compensated RPC bundle adjustment, it has been demonstrated that sensor orientation to sub-pixel level can be achieved with minimal ground control. Questions have lingered, however, as to the general suitability of bias-compensated rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs), and indeed rational functions in general. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the wide applicability of bias-compensated RPCs for high-accuracy geopositioning from stereo HRSI. The case of stereo imagery over mountainous terrain will be specifically addressed, and results of experimental testing of both Ikonos and QuickBird imagery will be presented.
ADOPTION OF SOIL MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES BY SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN MALAWI

Due to growing concerns about the severity of land degradation in Malawi, the government has launched campaigns on soil and water conservation. This study determines a range of soil management technologies adopted by farmers and the incidence and determinants of adoption. The results indicated that the range of technologies adopted by individual households was low. However, the incidence of technology adoption was moderately high. Positive and significant determinants of technology adoption were the sex of the household head, being widowed, and extra hours needed to apply a given technology. Residing at the husband’s village was significant, but negatively, affecting adoption. The results suggest that to further increase the incidence of technology adoption, the government’s intensive campaigns on soil and water conservation should continue. Additionally, land resources management policies should emphasize on increasing land tenure security, especially in the patrilineal system. We also suggest transparent harmonization and joint implementation of agricultural and population policies.