Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NITROGEN MINERALIZATION RATES OF SOILS AMENDED WITH NONTRADITIONAL ORGANIC WASTES

Nitrogen mineralization rate (NMR) studies provide a means to determine plant-available N resulting from organic waste applications. Nontraditional organic wastes (food processing and yard wastes) were applied at two different rates (112 kg N ha−1 and 224 kg N ha−1) to soils from two different soil series, Adelphia sandy clay loam (Aquic Hapludults) and Sassafras sandy loam (Typic Hapludults) in a 25-week laboratory incubation study. Supplemental ammonium sulfate was added to the soils amended with wastes with high C/N ratios. Nitrogen mineralization rates were reported as the percent organic N mineralized from organic waste. The NMR ranges for the vegetable food processing wastes were 13.9 to 55.1% (Adelphia soil) and 17.0 to 66.8% (Sassafras soil); for the other food processing wastes: −20.8 to 39.9% (Adelphia soil) and −20.5 to 47.7% (Sassafras soil); and for the yard wastes: −26.7 to 29.8% (Adelphia soil) and −22.6 to 65.6% (Sassafras soil). The application rates of the wastes and the two soil types affected the NMRs of several of the organic wastes studied significantly (P < 0.05). The effect of waste characteristics and soil type on NMRs needs to be accounted for if organic wastes are to be used as a N source. One option is to apply organic wastes at rates below agronomic recommendation rates, based on NMRs, and to supply additional inorganic N as needed.
Crisis Management in Canada: Analyzing Default Risk and Liquidity Demand during Financial Stress

Using detailed information from the Canadian interbank payments system and from liquidity-providing facilities, we find that despite sustained increases in market-rate spreads, the increase in banks’ willingness-to-pay for liquidity during the 2008/2009 financial crisis was short-lived. Our study suggests that high-frequency distress indicators based on demand for liquidity offered by central banks can be complementary, and perhaps even superior, to market-based indicators, especially during times and in markets where uncertainty in the economic environment may lead to lack of meaningful information in prices due to absence of trading.
The effect of breath-holding during intense intermittent exercise on arterial blood gases, acid-base balance, and lactate

Eight healthy female volunteers (mean age 24.4 ± 3.4) served as subjects in an experiment measuring acid-base and lactate changes while breath-holding during intense, intermittent exercise. The subjects were endurance trained ( V 0 2 m a x = 56.8 ± 3.9 ml'kg-min" 1 ) with normal resting pulmonary function. Utilizing a counterbalance design, each subject repeated 5 intervals of a 15 second treadmill run at 125 % V 0 2 m a x , once while breath-holding (BH), and once while breathing freely (NBH). Blood samples at rest, at the end of each work and rest interval, and throughout recovery were taken from a teflon catheter inserted in the radial artery. Samples were analyzed for pH, Pa0 2 , PaC0 2 , Sa0 2 , bicarbonate, and lactate. The results were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA to compare BH with NBH. Significant (p .̂01), reductions were found in pH associated with significant elevations in PaC0 2 and HC0 3" at the end of each 15 sec exercise interval in the BH condition. These changes did not persist throughout the rest intervals (p>.05). In addition, significant (p .̂01), drops in Pa0 2 and Sa0 2 were found at the end of each exercise interval in the BH condition that were not found at the end of each rest interval. Significantly increased rates of lactate appearance in the arterial blood were found during recovery in the BH conditon. ii It was concluded that breath-holding during intense, intermittent exercise produced acid-base changes greater than those seen at similar exercise intensities while breathing. In addition, breath-holding during intense, intermittent exercise produces significant hypoxia. The significantly increased rates of lactate appearance during recovery in the BH condition are most likely due to increased tissue anaerobiosis.
An Investigation of the Effects of Drill Operator Posture on Vibration Exposure and Temporary Threshold Shift of Vibrotactile Perception Threshold

The present study involved performing an experiment to clarify whether vibration measurement values on the tool handle, in accordance with ISO 5349-1, can assess risk from workplace environments. The study investigated the relationship between the vibration magnitude of a hand-held electric drill with different operating postures. The experiment included the determination of the participant’s temporary threshold shift (TTS) of vibrotactile perception threshold (VPT) at the tip of the index finger. The experimental hypothesis was that the vibration measurement values on the tool handle, in accordance with the ISO 5349-1 standard, include the effect of posture on the vibration measurements obtained despite the variation in posture and test participants. The hand-transmitted vibration (HTV) was applied using a hand-held electric drill applied to a pre-cast concrete paving slab substrate (600 × 600 × 50 mm, 55 MPa) using a 10 mm diameter masonry drill bit (without hammer action). The tool was operated using the right hand on twelve male subjects with three working postures (n = 36). Vibration was measured in three orthogonal directions according to the international standard ISO 5349-1 procedure. Vibration magnitudes were expressed as root-mean-square (r.m.s.) acceleration, frequency-weighted using the Wh frequency weighting. Clause 4.3 states that the characterisation of the vibration exposure is assessed from the acceleration of the surface in contact with the hand as the primary quantity. The experimental results indicate that the TTS following vibration exposure is not related to the measured vibration magnitude on the tool handle. Therefore, the automatic inclusion of posture and test participant variation is not proven. The results suggest that the vibration measurement values on the tool handle do not predict the TTS after hand-transmitted vibration in varying posture across the test participants. The research concludes that tool handle vibration measurement, in accordance with ISO 5349-1, does not properly assess the potential hazard from authentic workplace tool usage conditions of varying postures.
Distractive Tasks and the Influence of Driver Attributes

Driver distraction is a major problem nowadays, contributing to many deaths, injuries, and economic losses. Despite the effort that has been made to minimize these impacts, considering the technological evolution, distraction at the wheel has tended to increase. Not only tech-related tasks but every task that captures a driver’s attention has impacts on road safety. Moreover, driver behavior and characteristics are known to be heterogeneous, leading to a distinct driving performance, which is a challenge in the road safety perspective. This study aimed to capture the effects of drivers’ personal aspects and habits on their distraction behavior. Following a within-subjects approach, a convenience sample of 50 drivers was exposed to three unexpected events reproduced in a driving simulator. Drivers’ reactions were evaluated through three distinct models: a Lognormal Model to make analyze the visual distraction, a Binary Logit Model to explore the adopted type of reaction, and a Parametric Survival Model to study the reaction times. The research outcomes revealed that drivers’ behavior and perceived workload were distinct when they were engaged in specific secondary tasks and for distinct drivers’ personal attributes and habits. Age and type of distraction showed statistical significance regarding the visual behavior. Moreover, reaction times were consistently related to gender, BMI, sleep patterns, speed, habits while driving, and type of distraction. The habit of engaging in secondary tasks while driving resulted in a cumulative better performance.
Potential impact of prioritisation methods on the outcome of cumulative exposure assessments of pesticides

This report describes the potential impact of a prioritisation method on the outcome of cumulative exposure assessments of pesticides. The method aims to reduce the laborious task of the establishment of cumulative assessment groups (CRAs). The prioritisation method consisted of two steps: 1) identification of low-priority substances and 2) identification of priority organs. The first step aimed to identify low-priority substances based on hazard quotient (HQ) thresholds for single substances relevant for acute effects on the nervous system or chronic effects on the thyroid. For this, probabilistic calculations of chronic and acute HQs were performed for 210 substances and 10 surveys. Priority pesticides were retained according to four different thresholds, namely an HQ larger than 0.1 at the 99th percentile of exposure, or an HQ larger than 0.01, 0.1 or 0.2 at the 99.9th percentile of exposure. In the second step, AGs for the nervous system and the thyroid were compiled and risk metrics obtained for those organs was compared with the risk of higher tier AGs at the specific effect. It was concluded that risk assessment of AGs at the target organ level using critical effects (i.e. using the health-based guidance value of substances) is feasible. The prioritisation thresholds were applied for AGs at the target organ level and for AGs at the specific effect level. The prioritisation threshold of having an HQ larger than 0.1 at 99.9th percentile to retain substances could be used for those AGs. It reduced the number of substances in the AG nervous system to 50% and the number of substances in the AG thyroid to 70% without having a substantial impact on the total margin of exposure. In conclusion, the prioritisation method could be used to simplify CRA and may contribute to a cost-effective approach whilst still providing a high level of protection. © Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 2021
The Role of Parenting Style to the Feeling of Adequately Heard and Subjective Well-Being in Perpetrators and Bullying Victims

This study aimed to explain the contribution of parenting styles on children’s perception of being adequately heard by parents and their subjective well-being across three bullying groups (perpetrators, victims, and uninvolved). Participants (N = 1,294; 54.8% girls; 45.2% boys) were elementary school (47.3%) and junior high school students (52.7%) in Bandung City. Parenting styles were measured using Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran for Children. Subjective well-being was measured using the Children's Worlds Subjective Well-Being Scale. Being adequately heard by parents was measured using the Children's Worlds measure. Data were analysed using linear regression and descriptive analysis. Parenting styles contributed significantly to children’s perception of being heard by parents and their subjective well-being. Parenting styles contributed differently across the three groups and genders. The uninvolved perceived that their parents were warm. The perpetrators perceived their parents as rejective. The victims perceived their parents as overprotective. The perpetrators displayed the lowest SWB score, while the uninvolved displayed the highest SWB score. Warm mothers showed a significant positive effect on children’s SWB and perception that they were adequately heard. Overprotective fathers showed a significant positive effect on children’s SWB because father was perceived as the family's head who protects their children. It is suggested that parents should practice warm rearing to prevent children’s involvement in bullying
Hope, fear, and consumer behavioral change amid COVID‐19: Application of protection motivation theory

Abstract Using protection motivation theory (PMT), this study investigates the influence of cognitive assessment and affective response on customers’ behavioral intention amid COVID‐19 in the context of restaurants. More specifically, this research draws attention to (1) the influence of protection motivation (i.e., perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, maladaptive reward, response efficacy, self‐efficacy, response cost) on hope and fear, (2) hope and fear as mediators between protection motivation and behavioral intention, and (3) diverse customer behavioral intentions that have emerged during the COVID‐19 pandemic (i.e., health‐focused behavior, conscious consumption, and the supporting of local businesses and products). A total of 473 completed responses were obtained through an online survey. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test the hypothesized relationships. The research model proposed in the study successfully explained the process in which individuals commit to hygienic behaviors, prioritize local restaurants, and engage in conscious consumption under the threat of COVID‐19. The proposed model can be utilized in examining consumer behaviors in the hospitality industry, especially in the COVID‐19 era.
Mechanical Properties, Corrosion Resistance and Bioactivity of Oxide Layers Formed by Isothermal Oxidation of Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy

Titanium and its alloys are among the most promising biomaterials for medical applications. In this work, the isothermal oxidation of Ti-6Al-7Nb biomedical alloy towards improving its mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and bioactivity has been developed. The oxide layers were formed at 600, 700, and 800 °C for 72 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), 3D profilometry, and microindentation test, were used to characterize microstructure, surface geometrical structure, and the hardness of the diphase (α + β) Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy after oxidation, respectively. In vitro corrosion resistance tests were carried out in a saline solution at 37 °C using the open-circuit potential method and potentiodynamic measurements. Electronic properties in the air were studied using the Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) technique. The bioactivity test was conducted by soaking the alkali- and heat-treated samples in simulated body fluid for 7 days. The presence of apatite was confirmed using SEM/EDS and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) studies. The thickness of oxide layers formed increased with the temperature growth from 0.25 to 5.48 µm. It was found that with increasing isothermal oxidation temperature, the surface roughness, hardness, corrosion resistance, and contact potential difference increased. The Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy after oxidation revealed the HAp-forming ability in a biological environment.
Development of a Tri-Functional Nanoprobe for Background-Free SERS Detection of Sialic Acid on the Cell Surface

Sialic acid (SA) on the surface of cells is indispensable in numerous physiological and pathological processes, and sensitive and reproducible detection of SA is crucial for diagnosis and therapy in many diseases. Here, we developed a tri-functional nanoprobe as a sensitive and straightforward surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) nanoprobe for sialoglycan detection on cell surfaces. The reporter was designed to provide three key functionalities that make it ideal for SA detection. First, we employed two recognition groups, phenylboronic acid and an ammonium group, that enhance SA recognition and capture efficiency. Second, we used cyano as the Raman reporter because it emits in the cellular Raman silent region. Finally, thiol acted as an anchoring agent to conjugate the reporter to silver nanocubes to provide SERS enhancement. Our molecular nanoprobe design demonstrated the ability to detect SA on the cell surface with high sensitivity and spatial resolution, opening up new routes to cellular diagnostics.
Formation of hydrous stishovite from coesite in high-pressure hydrothermal environments

Abstract In low-temperature, high-pressure hydrothermal environments coesite transforms into hydrous forms of stishovite. We studied hydrous stishovite produced from hydrothermal treatment of silica glass as initial SiO2 source at temperatures of 350–550 °C and pressures around 10 GPa. The P-T quenched samples were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal analysis, and IR and magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. The presence of significant amounts of H2O (ranging from 0.5 to 3 wt%) is shown from thermogravimetric measurements. PXRD reveals that at temperatures below 400 °C, hydrous stishovite is obtained as two distinct phases that may relate to the solid ice-VII environment present at prevailing P-T conditions. Initially formed hydrous stishovite is metastable and dehydrates over time in the low-temperature, high-pressure hydrothermal environment. The primary mechanism of H incorporation in stishovite is a direct substitution of 4H+ for Si4+ yielding unique octahedral hydrogarnet defects. In IR spectra this defect manifests itself by two broad but distinct bands at 2650 and 2900 cm–1, indicating strong hydrogen bonding. These bands are shifted in the deuteride to 2029 and 2163 cm–1, respectively. Protons of the octahedral hydrogarnet defect produce
Psychological impact of COVID-19 anxiety on learning burnout in Vietnamese students

It is becoming clear that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating psychological impact on Vietnamese society, but little is known about its impact on Vietnamese students. In the current study, we evaluated whether anxiety of contracting COVID-19 is related to students’ learning burnout. Specifically, we tested two months into the pandemic whether this anxiety is linked to pupils’ learning exhaustion and cynicism. The data includes 652 Vietnamese students (56.3% girls) with Mage = 12.6 (SD = 1.0). The data were collected using a self-report questionnaire during an online survey. Two Multiple Linear Regression Analyses tested the associations between COVID-19 anxiety and learning-related exhaustion (Model 1) and learning-related cynicism (Model 2), controlling for general depression, gender and grade. Results show that COVID-19 anxiety significantly and uniquely links to learning-related cynicism but not learning exhaustion, suggesting that the pandemic affects Vietnamese students’ ability to thrive through education.
English Medium university STEM teachers’ and students’ ideologies in constructing content knowledge through translanguaging

ABSTRACT New norms of linguistic ideology and practices emerged as English grows in higher education in non-English speaking countries. English Medium Instruction (EMI) has been formalised by overlooking the role of other (e.g. native) languages in knowledge construction and communication. This study investigates STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) teachers’ and students’ language-related ideologies about translanguaging at a private university in Bangladesh where English has been adopted as an instructional medium. The participants of this study include 6 university teachers and 10 students from STEM background. In-depth interviews with teachers and students reveal that, while English has been used as the official language for instruction, translanguaging has been highlighted for its purposeful use and significance in STEM classrooms, primarily in the construction of knowledge, communication, and scientific meaning-making. The findings of the study also shed light on the mismatch between macro-level English-only monolingual language policy adoption driven by contemporary ideologies associated with English, and micro-level stakeholders’ ideologies of translanguaging in STEM pedagogy. This study, therefore, argues for a change in the way of looking at bilinguals’ language practices and embracing the linguistic rights and reality for more flexible and inclusive language policy in higher education.
Impacts of Gender, Parents’ Educational Background, Access to ICT, Use of ICT and School Quality on Students’ Achievement

—AKSI as a national survey aims to monitor the quality of the education system across provinces. This includes determining factors that have impact on students’ achievement in science, mathematics and reading skills. This study analyses four factors: gender, parents’ educational background, students’ access to ICT and use of ICT, and schools’ quality. A hierarchical linear modelling was conducted to analyse 16,608 students as the smallest analysis unit which nested to 1,802 schools. The results show that access to ICT will not have any impact on students’ achievement, unless the student makes use of the ICT facilities for learning. Parents’ educational background and school quality have also impact. The interaction between parents' educational background and school quality shows that the two factors are not mutually exclusive, meaning that the effect of parental education on student achievement depends on the quality of the school and vice versa. This study concludes that although the parents’ background and schools’ quality are a key to student achievement, the indicator of schools’ quality is not about simply having access to resources but about how resources are used to improve education outcomes.
Strike‐Slip Enables Subduction Initiation Beneath a Failed Rift: New Seismic Constraints From Puysegur Margin, New Zealand

Subduction initiation often takes advantage of previously weakened lithosphere and may preferentially nucleate along pre‐existing plate boundaries. To evaluate how past tectonic regimes and inherited lithospheric structure might lead to self‐sustaining subduction, we present an analysis of the Puysegur Trench, a young subduction zone with a rapidly evolving tectonic history. The Puysegur margin, south of New Zealand, has experienced a transformation from rifting to seafloor spreading to strike‐slip, and most recently to incipient subduction, all in the last ∼45 million years. Here we present deep‐penetrating multichannel reflection and ocean‐bottom seismometer tomographic images to document crustal structures along the margin. Our images reveal that the overriding Pacific Plate beneath the Solander Basin contains stretched continental crust with magmatic intrusions, which formed from Eocene‐Oligocene rifting between the Campbell and Challenger plateaus. Rifting was more advanced to the south, yet never proceeded to breakup and seafloor spreading in the Solander Basin as previously thought. Subsequent strike‐slip deformation translated continental crust northward causing an oblique collisional zone, with trailing ∼10 Myr old oceanic lithosphere. Incipient subduction transpired as oceanic lithosphere from the south forcibly underthrust the continent‐collision zone. We suggest that subduction initiation at the Puysegur Trench was assisted by inherited buoyancy contrasts and structural weaknesses that were imprinted into the lithosphere during earlier phases of continental rifting and strike‐slip along the plate boundary. The Puysegur margin demonstrates that forced nucleation along a strike‐slip boundary is a viable subduction initiation scenario and should be considered throughout Earth's history.