Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Space Trajectory Design Using Belief Optimal Control

This paper presents a novel approach to the robust solution of optimal impulsive control problems under aleatory and epistemic uncertainty. The novel approach uses belief Markov decision processes to reformulate the control problem in terms of uncertainty distributions, called beliefs, rather than the realisations of the system states. This formulation leads to the deﬁnition of a Belief Optimal Control problem where the cost function and constraints are functions of the uncertainty distributions. The control formulation encompasses orbit determination arcs as well. The belief optimisation is solved with a shooting-like transcription and a nonlinear programming solver to optimise the resulting discretised problem. Both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties are propagated with a non-intrusive polynomial expansion to capture the nonlinearities of the dynamics. Finally, this new approach is applied to the robust optimisation of a ﬂyby trajectory of the Europa Clipper mission in a scenario characterised by knowledge, execution and observation uncertainty.
Estimation of Some Hematological Parameters, Liver Enzymes and Iron Mineral in Adult of Celiac Disease Patients

Celiac disease is one of the most prevalent chronic illnesses. It is produced due to gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley that damages the villi, so the body cannot adequately absorb nutrients. This s tudy was undertaken to determine of some hematological parameters, liver enzyme and iron (Fe) in celiac disease patients compared with the healthy group. The results indicated a high significantly increase (p ≤ 0.01) in levels of ALT (alanine transferase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), AST (aspartate transferase) in age category (41-60) and WBC (white blood cells) in age category (41-60), while significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) in levels of AST and WBC in age category (20-40) in celiac disease patients as compared with healthy group. High significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.01) in levels of hemoglobin in age category (20-40), RBC (red blood cells) and Fe, while levels of hemoglobin in age category (41-60) was significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) in celiac disease patients as compared with healthy group. In celiac disease patients of age category (20-40) as compared with age category (41-60), there was a high significant difference (p ≤ 0.01) in ESR, AST and Fe and significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in ALT and ALP, while no significant in hemoglobin, RBC and WBC in celiac disease patients of age category (20-40) as compared with age category (41-60). This study concludes that untreated celiac disease causes nutrient deficiencies due to malabsorption, which causes anemia, inflammations, and elevated liver enzymes.
Sluice Gate Design and Calibration: Simplified Models to Distinguish Flow Conditions and Estimate Discharge Coefficient and Flow Rate

Sluice gates are common hydraulic structures for controlling and regulating flow in open channels. This study investigates five models’ performance in distinguishing conditions of flow regimes, estimating the discharge coefficient (Cd) and flow rate. Experiments were conducted for different gate openings, flow rates, upstream and downstream conditions. New equation forms and methods are proposed to determine Cd for energy–momentum considering losses (EML) and HEC-RAS models. For distinguishing the flow regimes, results indicated a reasonable performance for energy–momentum (EM), EML, and Swamee’s models. For flow rate and discharge coefficient performance of EM, EML, and Henry’s models in free flow and for EM and EML in submerged flow were reasonable. The effects of physical scale on models were investigated. There were concerns about the generality and accuracy of Swamee’s model. Scaling effects were observed on loss factor k in EML. A new equation and method were proposed to calibrate k that improved the EML model’s accuracy. This study facilitates the application and analysis of the studied models for the design or calibration of sluice gates and where the flow in open channels needs to be controlled or measured using sluice gates such as irrigation channels or water delivery channels of small run-of-river hydropower plants.
TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control

Received Sep 27, 2021 Revised Feb 21, 2022 Accepted Mar 01, 2022 With the huge advance in artificial intelligence and the rapid development of intelligent swarm algorithms, the exploration of facility layout problem (FLP) with its non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP-Hard) nature has gained much more attention. The squirrel search algorithm is one of the swarm algorithms that is known for its effective gliding feature that provides cheap exploration of lengthy distances. In this work, Msqrl algorithm is presented as a modification of squirrel search algorithm to be capable of handling permutation-specific FLP. The modification is done by introducing two new operators: Msqrl-Exchange and Msqrl-Winter. It is used to investigate the effectiveness in finding acceptable solutions to variable-size, single-row FLPs in a fast and efficient manner. Tests included small and large benchmark instances for comparisons. Outcomes show that Msqrl was able to improved quite a few previously found solutions by acting efficiently and converging rapidly to solutions. It outperformed both semidefinite programming and cuckoo optimization in finding optimal solutions in an acceptable number of iterations and relatively small population sizes.
Dual Mobility Cups as the Routine Choice in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background and Objectives: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is considered the most successful surgical procedure in orthopedics. However, dislocation remains the main indication for surgical revision. New designs of dual mobility cups (DMC) have lowered the classical complications and have extended the indications of DMC in elective surgeries. Our aim is to assess the trend of DMC indications in THA as well as the incidence of their dislocation. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing THA with DMC during the years 2015 and 2021. The original indication for DMC included patients sustaining neck of femur fractures (NOF#) and associated risk factors for dislocations. Five years later, DMC was considered our standard of care in total hip arthroplasty. The approach (anterolateral or posterolateral) was chosen by the surgeon according to his/her preferences, as was the implant. Data collected included patients’ demographics, diagnosis, admission time, surgical approach, cup models, and inclination and complications. Patients sustaining a hip dislocation were prospectively reviewed and assessed for treatment received, new dislocations, and need for surgical revision. Two groups were created for the analysis according to the presence or absence of dislocation during follow-up. Results: In the analysis, 531 arthroplasties were included (mean age 72.2 years) with a mean follow-up of 2.86 years. The trend of indications for DMC increased from 16% of THA in 2015 to 78% of THA in 2021. We found a total of 8 dislocations (1.5%), none of them associated with elective surgery. Closed reduction was unsatisfactory in four cases (50%). There was one case of intraprosthetic dislocation. Dislocations were associated to smaller heads (22 mm) (1.5% vs. 25%, p = 0.008) and cups (51.2 mm vs. 48.7 mm, p = 0.038) and posterior approach (62.5% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.011). Conclusion: Dual mobility cups are a great option to reduce the risk of dislocation after a THA both in the neck of femur fractures and elective cases. The use of an anterolateral approach in THA after a neck or femur fracture might considerably decrease the risk of dislocation.
Insight into Carbohydrate Metabolism and Signaling in Grapevine Buds during Dormancy Progression

Perennial fruit crops enter dormancy to ensure bud tissue survival during winter. However, a faster phenological advancement caused by global warming exposes bud tissue to a higher risk of spring frost damage. Tissue dehydration and soluble sugars accumulation are connected to freezing tolerance, but non-structural carbohydrates also act as metabolic substrates and signaling molecules. A deepened understanding of sugar metabolism in the context of winter freezing resistance is required to gain insight into adaptive possibilities to cope with climate changes. In this study, the soluble sugar content was measured in a cold-tolerant grapevine hybrid throughout the winter season. Moreover, the expression of drought-responsive hexose transporters VvHT1 and VvHT5, raffinose synthase VvRS and grapevine ABA-, Stress- and Ripening protein VvMSA was analyzed. The general increase in sugars in December and January suggests that they can participate in protecting bud tissues against low temperatures. The modulation of VvHT5, VvINV and VvRS appeared consistent with the availability of the different sugar species; challenging results were obtained for VvHT1 and VvMSA, suggesting interesting hypotheses about their role in the sugar–hormone crosstalk. The multifaceted role of sugars on the intricate phenomenon, which is the response of dormant buds to changing temperature, is discussed.
Alternative Splicing of Neuropeptide Prohormone and Receptor Genes Associated with Pain Sensitivity Was Detected with Zero-Inflated Models

Migraine is often accompanied by exacerbated sensitivity to stimuli and pain associated with alternative splicing of genes in signaling pathways. Complementary analyses of alternative splicing of neuropeptide prohormone and receptor genes involved in cell–cell communication in the trigeminal ganglia and nucleus accumbens regions of mice presenting nitroglycerin-elicited hypersensitivity and control mice were conducted. De novo sequence assembly detected 540 isoforms from 168 neuropeptide prohormone and receptor genes. A zero-inflated negative binomial model that accommodates for potential excess of zero isoform counts enabled the detection of 27, 202, and 12 differentially expressed isoforms associated with hypersensitivity, regions, and the interaction between hypersensitivity and regions, respectively. Skipped exons and alternative 3′ splice sites were the most frequent splicing events detected in the genes studied. Significant differential splicing associated with hypersensitivity was identified in CALCA and VGF neuropeptide prohormone genes and ADCYAP1R1, CRHR2, and IGF1R neuropeptide receptor genes. The prevalent region effect on differential isoform levels (202 isoforms) and alternative splicing (82 events) were consistent with the distinct splicing known to differentiate central nervous structures. Our findings highlight the changes in alternative splicing in neuropeptide prohormone and receptor genes associated with hypersensitivity to pain and the necessity to target isoform profiles for enhanced understanding and treatment of associated disorders such as migraine.
Oxidation and Thermal Degradation of Oil during Frying: A Review of Natural Antioxidant Use

ABSTRACT Frying foods in hot vegetable oil is an efficient and convenient method for food preparation that imbues the product with qualities that are desirable to consumers. During the process of frying, the heated oil cooks the food, but the high temperatures also promote the damaging oxidation and degradation reactions that decrease oil quality over time. In order to prevent these reactions, antioxidants have been added to fryer oil to extend its life. Synthetic antioxidants are typically added to fryer oil, however there is growing concern about their long-term effects on human health. Therefore, finding natural alternatives is an important area of research. This paper reviews the current research around using natural antioxidants to delay the decrease of oil quality under frying conditions.
Analysis of MTG‐IRS observations and general channel selection for numerical weather prediction models

The Infrared Sounder (IRS) is an infrared Fourier transform spectrometer that will be on board the Meteosat Third Generation series of the future European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites geostationary satellites and will have a unique four‐dimensional look at the atmosphere. After its planned launch in 2024, it will be able to measure the radiance emitted by the Earth at the top of the atmosphere using 1,960 channels in two spectral bands between 680–1,210 cm −1$$ {}^{-1} $$ (long‐wave infrared) and 1,600–2,250 cm −1$$ {}^{-1} $$ (mid‐wave infrared) at a spectral sampling of 0.6 cm −1$$ {}^{-1} $$ . It will perform measurements over the full Earth disk with high spatial and temporal resolution of 4 km at nadir and 30 min over Europe. Thus, the huge amount of data from IRS will present challenges, particularly in data transmission, data storage, and assimilation into numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. To reduce the volume of data, various methods are available, including spatial sampling, principal component analysis, and channel selection. The latter technique will be discussed in this paper by proposing general channel selection to provide NWP models. The objective of this selection is to improve essential variables for NWP such as temperature, humidity, skin temperature, and ozone. This work has required the development of a large observation database and takes into account the main developments in assimilation techniques, including the use of full observation‐error covariance matrices or the assimilation of ozone in global models, for example. This study performs a specific analysis of the sensitivity of IRS observations and proposes a first general selection of 300 channels for NWP models. This selection allows us to reduce the analysis error in the troposphere by 48% in temperature, 65% in humidity, and 17% in ozone.
K-Means Clustering-Based Safety System in Large-Scale Industrial Site Using Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

A large number of workers and heavy equipment are used in most industrial sizes, and the prevention of safety accidents is one of the most important issues. Therefore, although a number of systems have been proposed to prevent accidents, existing studies assume that workers are gathered in some areas. These assumptions are not suitable for large-scale industrial sites in which workers form as a group and work in a large area. In other words, in a large-scale industrial site, existing schemes are unsuitable for the timely notifying of warnings of threats, and excessive energy is consumed. Therefore, we propose a k-means clustering-based safety system for a large-scale industrial site. In the proposed scheme, workers deployed over a large area are divided into an appropriate number of groups, and threat notification is delivered by a multicasting tree toward each cluster. The notification to workers is delivered through local flooding in each cluster. The simulation results show that the system is able to deliver the notification within a valid time, and it is energy efficient compared to the existing scheme.
Analysis of a New Teaching Approach to Teach Chemical Bonding to High School Spanish Students

This report shows the design and implementation of a New Teaching Approach (NTA) for chemical bonding to 1st year high school students (16-18y). To design and test the proposal several key aspect regarding chemical bonding have been determined after taking into consideration the student preconceptions. The NTA has been implemented in one experimental group while the control one has been taught with traditional methodology. The same comprehensive test has been offered to both groups after being taught chemical bonding, and the answers have been analysed. In the findings it is observed that the proposed NTA and the used teaching strategies let students develop a higher thinking analysis and a deeper knowledge of chemical bonding, although still some aspects regarding the role of energy in bond formation should be improved in NTA.
Identification of Somatic Mitochondrial DNA Mutations, Heteroplasmy, and Increased Levels of Catenanes in Tumor Specimens Obtained from Three Endometrial Cancer Patients

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common type of gynecologic malignant epithelial tumor, with the death rate from this disease doubling over the past 20 years. Mitochondria provide cancer cells with necessary anabolic building blocks such as amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides, and EC samples have been shown to increase mitochondrial biogenesis. In cancer, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy studies suggest that heteroplasmic variants encode predicted pathogenic proteins. We investigated the mtDNA genotypes within peri-normal and tumor specimens obtained from three individuals diagnosed with EC. DNA extracts from peri-normal and tumor tissues were used for mtDNA-specific next-generation sequencing and analyses of mtDNA content and topoisomers. The three tumors harbor heteroplasmic somatic mutations, and at least one mutation in each carcinoma is predicted to deleteriously alter a mtDNA-encoded protein. Somatic heteroplasmy linked to two mtDNA tRNA genes was found in separate tumors, and two heteroplasmic non-coding variants were identified in a single EC tumor. While two tumors had altered mtDNA content, all three displayed increased mtDNA catenanes. Our findings support that EC cells require wild-type mtDNA, but heteroplasmic mutations may alter mitochondrial metabolism to help promote cancer cell growth and proliferation.
Antibacterial And Antibiofilm Activity Staphylococcus aureus From Plants Containing Essential Oils: A Mini-Review

Biofilm is a collection of microbial cells irreversibly attached to a surface and encased in an Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS) matrix produced by itself and shows phenotypic changes such as changes in growth rates and changes in gene transcription from planktonic cells or their free cells. Bacteria that often cause biofilms are Staphylococcus aureus, which is widely distributed in nature. Some live like normal flora in humans in the axilla, inguinal and perineal region, and anterior nostrils. Approximately 25-30% of humans carry Staphylococcus aureus in the nasal cavity and skin. This review aims to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of plants containing volatile oil compounds against Staphylococcus aureus. The method used in this review is a narrative review approach. This method is a secondary research method that does not have specific guidelines in its preparation (non-systematic review) by collecting data or sources related to a particular topic obtained from various sources such as journals, the internet, and other libraries. From hundreds of journals, 20 journals have the activity of inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus, the conclusion obtained after reviewing hundreds of literature that essential oils have inhibitory activity and even destroy biofilms.
Aluminum nitride piezoelectric microelectromechanical resonant physical sensors

Miniaturized sensors are nowadays found in a wide variety of application, such as smart mobile devices, automotive, healthcare and environmental monitoring. The recent advancements of Micro/Nano-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS/NEMS) technology have a tremendous impact on the sensor miniaturization, power consumption and cost reduction, which allow envisioning a new era of senor fusion in which the data collected from multiple individual sensors are combined to get information about the environment that is more accurate and reliable than the individual sensory data. This trend towards sensor fusion has dramatically increased the demand of new technology platforms, capable of delivering multiple sensing and wireless communication functionalities in a small foot print. In this perspective, the unique capability of Aluminum Nitride (AlN) piezoelectric MEMS/NEMS resonant technology to deliver high performance resonant sensors (i.e. accelerometers and gyroscopes) and radio frequency (RF) components (i.e. filters and oscillators) makes it the best platform for the implementation of the next generation miniaturized, low power, multi-functional and reconfigurable wireless sensing and communication systems. In this dissertation, a stepping stone towards the development of compact, power efficient and high resolution physical sensors: infrared (IR) detectors and magnetic field sensors, is set by taking the unique advantage of the AlN MEMS/NEMS resonant technology, which is the combination of extremely high sensitivity to external perturbations (due to their very reduced dimensions) and ultra-low noise performance (due to the intrinsically high quality factor, Q, of such resonant devices). For the first time, a spectrally selective uncooled NEMS resonant IR detector based on a plasmonic piezoelectric material is demonstrated, showing high resolution (noise equivalent power of 2.1 nW/Hz) and ultra-fast response (thermal time constant of 440 μs), marking a milestone towards the implementation of a new class of high performance, miniaturized and low power IR spectroscopy and multi-spectral imaging systems. On the other hand, the proposed magnetic field sensor based on a piezoelectric and magnetostrictive bilayer of AlN/FeGaB showed a detection limit of 16 nT/Hz and angular resolution of 0.34°, proofing its potential for the application of extremely small magnetic field detection and miniaturized electronic compasses for mobile devices.
Estimation of Serum Ferritin in Mucormycosis Patients and Prognostication Based on the Ferritin Value

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been implicated in a variety of vulnerable bacterial and fungal diseases. Mucormycosis is a life-threatening infection caused by fungi belonging to the class Zygomycetes and the order Mucorales. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the level of serum ferritin level in mucormycosis patients and to prognosticate them based on those values. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Government Hospital, Tiruchirappalli, in 50 diagnosed mucormycosis patients. Results: During the study period, 44 had prior COVID-19 illness (post-COVID). Six patients had mucormycosis with no prior COVID-19 illness. Rhino-orbital involvement was found in 44 of the 50 cases, with three of them having cerebral extension. Forty-one cases recovered and were discharged, six cases remained sick and were hospitalized, and three died. The post-COVID patients (554.13 ± 371.60) have greater serum ferritin levels than non-COVID patients (259.95 ± 110.15), which are statistically significant. Conclusion: Mucormycosis patients tend to have higher serum ferritin values, especially among non-survivors and sick patients than survivors. For a better chance of recovery and survival, early identification, surgical debridement, and antifungal medications are essential.
Investigation of Abnormal Heat Transfer and Flow in a VHTR Reactor Core

The main objective of this project was to identify and characterize the conditions under which abnormal heat transfer phenomena would occur in a Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) with a prismatic core. High pressure/high temperature experiments have been conducted to obtain data that could be used for validation of VHTR design and safety analysis codes. The focus of these experiments was on the generation of benchmark data for design and off-design heat transfer for forced, mixed and natural circulation in a VHTR core. In particular, a flow laminarization phenomenon was intensely investigated since it could give rise to hot spots in the VHTR core.