Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Efficiency of Drying Conditions for Essential Oil Produc-tion from Aromatic Plants

The active components of aromatic medicinal plants have extensive applications in many disciplines. These essential oil components are extracted from medicinal plants, and the removal of water is a critical step of this process. Different drying methods have been developed to produce high-quality and high-quantity products. In this study, different drying methods were investigated with respect to their effects on herbal oil content. Two distinct aromatic plants, i.e., Thymus vulgaris L. and Mentha citrata Ehrh. , were selected for physical and chemical analyses. To understand and elucidate the importance of method selection, the relationship between parameters, such as moisture content and drying time, was correlated with essential oil recovery and active ingredient levels. Recently, solar tunnel drying emerged as a novel technique with various advantages. We implemented this technique to analyze its effectiveness on the removal of water from different plant species. Our recent findings from essential oil and humidity content analyses showed that T. vulgaris L. is a more suitable candidate for the solar tunnel drying process than M. citrata Ehrh. Solar tunnel and oven drying have been determined to be the best dehumidification methods for both plant species. The differences between these drying methods were not significant for M. citrata Ehrh. By contrast, these drying methods can cause significant variations in the oil content of T. vulgaris L. Essential oil compositions have also been observed to be dependent on the drying conditions. These results indicated the significance of method selection in obtaining products with high yield.
Diabetes and its Potential Impact on Head and Neck Oncogenesis

In recent years, the incidence of diabetes mellitus and cancer has increased sharply; indeed, these have become the two most important diseases threatening health and survival. Head and neck (HN) tumors are the sixth most common malignancies in humans. Numerous studies have shown that there are many common risk factors for diabetes mellitus and HN squamous cell carcinoma, including advanced age, poor diet and lifestyle, and environmental factors. However, the mechanism linking the two diseases has not been identified. A number of studies have shown that diabetes affects the development, metastasis, and prognosis of HN cancer, potentially through the associated hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, or chronic inflammation. More recent studies show that metformin, the first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, can significantly reduce the risk of HN tumor development and reduce mortality in diabetic patients. Here, we review recent progress in the study of the relationship between diabetes mellitus and HN carcinogenesis, and its potential mechanisms, in order to provide a scientific basis for the early diagnosis and effective treatment of these diseases.
THE SPIRIT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN BUSINESS STUDENTS, NON-BUSINESS STUDENTS, AND SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTREPRENEUR

There is debate as to whether entrepreneurs are born or can be created through education. Many business schools were established to produce entrepreneurs, but the fact is that many suc­cesful entrepreneurs are not graduates of business schools. This study aims to examine empi­ri­cally the entrepreneurial spirit of three different sample groups students who undertook a business course (accounting students), non-business students (engineering students), businessmen who are already involved in business activities (entrepreneurs). This study used a survey method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. The total sample of this research were 254 respondents. The result showed that there was no empirical evidence regarding the entrepreneurial differences in the three groups. It was concluded that entrepreneurial skills are either there or not from birth. Business courses are not (or not yet) capable of triggering the entrepreneurial skills in a person
Barriers to Youthful Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas of Ghana

The study examined the barriers to youth entrepreneurship in rural areas of Ghana specifically the challenges encountered by youths who want to set-up their own businesses. The study collected both primary and secondary data using semi-structured questionnaires, interviews and review of empirical and theoretical literatures. Youths in Komenda, Edina, Eguafo, Abirem Municipal Assembly was the target population. Purposive sampling technique was applied to select 240 respondents. Descriptive statistics which involves simple percentage, graphical charts and illustrations was purposefully applied in data presentations and analysis. The findings of the study reveal youths perceive lack of capital, lack of skill, lack of support, lack of market opportunities and risk as the main obstacles to entrepreneurial intention. It is recommended that Ghanaian youths be equipped with entrepreneurial skills to move them to the next level of development.
A Call to Action: Treatment for Adolescents Who Have Engaged in Illegal Sexual Behavior

The first article in this series noted the variety of methodological issues in the study of treatment effectiveness for adults who have committed sexual offenses, including problems with the operationalization of treatment outcome, sampling bias, and failure to consider sources of within study variance (e.g., treatment fidelity and other therapist factors). All the same limitations apply to the research on treatment of adolescents who have engaged in illegal sexual behavior (AISBs). The most commonly used approaches are derived from treatments for adults who have committed sexual offenses (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Relapse Prevention; McGrath, Cumming, Burchard, Zeoli, & Ellerby, 2010); other approaches are extensions of treatments designed for serious (non-sexual) adolescent offenders (Multisystemic Therapy). There is less research available on treatment outcomes with adolescents than adults, however a more optimistic overall picture emerges regarding the futures of these youth.
A Mathematical Model for Optimal Incentive Contracts with Multiple Arrangements

Sharing project outcomes are believed to be vital in aligning interests of contracting parties. This research derives an optimal form of multi agents-multi outcomes construction contracts through solving an optimization problem based on principal-agent theory. The attention is paid to contracts with a risk-neutral client and risk-averse agents. The paper shows that the proportion of outcome sharing with an agent should be high when outcome variance is low or the contribution of the agent toward the outcome is high. The paper also shows that agents who are more risk averse, should receive a low proportion of outcomes sharing.
Prevalence and risk factors of microalbuminuria among type 2 diabetes mellitus: A hospital-based study from, Warri, Nigeria

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria (MA) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to identify the associated risk factors. Settings and Design: The study was a prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in the medical outpatient department of the Central Hospital, Warri from March to August 2014 after approval by the hospital′s health and ethics committee. Materials and Methods: Two hundred T2DM aged 45-80 years were randomly selected for the study after obtaining their informed consent. Three-morning urine samples collected at 1-month interval were tested for MA using the "MICRAL test" strip. A fasting blood sample was also drawn after 10-12 h overnight fasting for plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), lipid profile, and serum creatinine investigations. MA was diagnosed if the urinary albumin excretion ratio was between 30 and 300 mg/24 h from two separate urine samples. Statistical Analysis Used: Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Differences at P < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The prevalence of MA was 58%. The mean age, duration of T2DM, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c level, serum creatinine of type 2 diabetes with MA were significantly higher when compared to T2DM patients without MA while the mean diastolic blood pressure body mass index and age did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusions: The overall prevalence of the MA among type 2 diabetes visiting a medical outpatient clinic in Central Hospital, Warri were high and similar to that reported in other studies.
AUTOMATED ARABIC ESSAY GRADING SYSTEM

An Automated Essay Grading (AEG) system is designed to be used in universities, companies and schools, which depends on Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing technologies; as it has the capability to improve the grading system in terms of overcoming cost, time and teacher effort while correcting the students’ essay questions and papers. The AEG system widespread use is due to its cost, accountability, standards and technology; as that leads to the system being used and applied for multiple languages, such as English and French, among others. On the other hand, limited research has been conducted to automate Arabic essay grading. Therefore, this paper introduces an Arabic AEG system. In this paper, we propose a model for Arabic essay grading based on F-score to extract features from student answers and model answers along with the use of the Arabic WordNet (AWN) as a valuable knowledge-based method for semantic similarity. The purpose of using the AWN is to find all related words from student answers to give the answer a student score. Students will not be subject to injustice in terms of their marks in cases when they do not write the exact model answer, which subsequently leads to an improvement of the Arabic AEG system to match human grading. The proposed model is evaluated using Arabic essay dataset and the result shows that our proposed model produces a result which matches human grading.
depression The Relationship between Maternal Confidence , Infant Temperament , and Postpartum Depression

Pregnancy makes women joyful, elated, and empowered. Preparing to be a mother is one of the most exciting times in a woman’s life. During the postpartum period, along with such extreme joy and happiness, emotional changes are also common due to hormonal changes, especially estrogen and progesterone which fall to low levels; pain of the episiotomy or cesarean section adds to the distress of the mother. [1] Although maternal confidence has been found to be associated with several factors, such as premature birth, maternal stress, social support, and infant temperament and mood,[2] the studies were imperfect with limited questionnaires and were confined to a particular population. If available healthcare facilities are below standard, maternal confidence is seen to decrease, giving rise to postnatal stress. Address for correspondence: Dr. Singaravelu Rajeswari, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nursing, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600 116, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail: rajeswari.s@ sriramachandra.edu. in
COMPUTATIONAL MODELLING OF THIN FILM RUNOFF AND EVAPORATION ON SURFACES

M. Martin1*, T. Defraeye, D. Derome and J. Carmeliet 1 PhD Candidate in Building Physics, Chair of Building Physics, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg, Switzerland CH-8093, martin@arch.ethz. ch, http://www.carmeliet. arch.ethz. ch/People/Martin 2 Postdoctoral Researcher, MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium, thijs.defraeye@biw.kuleuven. be, http://www.kuleuven. be/wieiswie/en/person/00052789 3 Group Leader Porous Materials, Laboratory of Building Science and Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, Switzerland CH-8600, dominique.derome@empa.ch, http://www.empa.ch/plugin/template/empa/*/72233 4 Professor, Chair of Building Physics, ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg, Switzerland CH-8093, carmeliet@arch.ethz. ch, http://www.carmeliet. arch.ethz. ch/Team/Carmeliet
IJSRD-International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 04, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Image denoising is a fundamental yet challenging problem that has been studied for decades. Dictionary is built only once with high resolution images belonging to different scenes. Since the dictionary is well organized in terms of indexing its entries, it is used to search similar patches very quickly for efficient NLM denoising.Our approach is very different in the sense, we build a single dictionary as a pre-processing step with a large number of arbitrary but high quality, textured images belonging to different object classes in contrast with building a dictionary for each noisy test image separately. We prefer to do this to avoid the time required to build the dictionary each time for separate test images.Principle Component Analysis (PCA) is a standard tool in modern data analysis because it is simple method for extracting relevant information from complex data matrix using eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The multi-scale principal component generalizes the usual PCA of a multivariate signal seen as a matrix by performing simultaneously a PCA on the matrices of details of different levels. In multi scale Principal Component Analysis (MSPCA) de-correlate the variables by extracting a linear relationship and wavelet analysis. For dictionary building purpose smooth patches has been find using PCA. Then clustering is done for the similar patches. Then id is allocated for each cluster to get the dictionary.
IMMUNOMODULATION AND ANTIGENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF PROPOLIS IN PACLITAXEL-TREATED RATS

The current study aimed to investigate the potential immunomodulatory and antigenotoxic impacts of propolis in paclitaxel (PTX)-treated rats. Twenty four male Sprague Dawley rats were used in the present study and randomly/equally divided into four groups; control group, PTX group that was intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg/kg PTX (once/week), propolis group that received orally/daily 50 mg/kg propolis, and the last group received both PTX and propolis. All treatments were given for four weeks. The results showed a significant upregulation in the nuclear factor kappa B (Nf-κb) gene expression in the spleen of PTX group, as compared with the control group. In addition, substantial increases in tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, C-X-C motif ligand 10, CC motif ligand 2, and interleukin (IL)-4 concentrations, while a significant reduction in IL-10 concentration, were detected in the spleen of PTX group compared with the control group. Moreover, PTX resulted in a significant elevation in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow cells compared with the control group. On the other hand, the treatment with propolis alone did not significantly affect all of these parameters, as compared with the control group. However, propolis decreased significantly all recorded side effects in the PTX-treated rats. In conclusion, propolis can be used as an adjunct with PTX to modulate the cytokines and chemokines release of splenic immune cells, as well as to counteract the genotoxic effect of PTX on bone marrow cells, through downregulating the splenic Nf-κb gene expression, and reducing the bone marrow micronuclei formation, respectively
The fifth national tuberculosis epidemiological survey in 2010

This survey aims to understand the prevalence status and trend of tuberculosis(TB) in China,and evaluate the implementation of National TB Control Programme(2001—2010). Multi-stage stratified cluster proportional random sampling method was used to select the survey population.People over 15 years old in sampled survey points were administered chest X-ray,those with suspected pulmonary TB symptoms or with suspected pulmonary TB lesion shown by X-ray were performed sputum smear and culture examination.All the bacterial strain obtained were performed drug susceptibility testing of anti-TB drugs.All active TB patients detected by this survey received the socio-economic and TB knowledge awareness questionnaire.This survey has following findings.First,the prevalence of active and smear positive was 459/100 000 and 66/100 000 respectively among population over 15 years old in 2010.Secondly,the prevalence in male was higher than in female,and gradually increase by age,peaked in 75-79 years old.Thirdly,the active and smear positive prevalence of pulmonary TB were 291/100 000 and 44/100 000 in eastern part of China,463/100 000 and 60/100 000 in the middle part,695/100 000 and 105/100 000 in western part,569/100 000 and 78/100 000 in rural area,307/100 000 and 49/100 000 in cities respectively.Fourth,the multi-drug resistance TB rate was 6.8%(19/280). Fifth,the general pulblic TB knowledge awareness rate was 57.0%(720 912/1 264 905). The sixth,the annual per capital net income of TB patient household was 3292 yuan,of those 66.8% of patients lower than 60% of nationwide per capita income.In compariton with the survey in 2000,the prevalence of smear positive pulmonary TB showed a downward trend among people over 15 years old,as well as in different age group and gender.However,the prevalence in rural area was higher than in cities,and western part also significantly higher than the middle and eastern parts.These findings indicated that although the TB prevalence has dropped,the TB burden especially for the multi-drug resistant TB is still very serious.
Does the duration of static stretching acutely interferes on the strength endurance performance?

Background: Stretching may promote detrimental effects on power output and maximal strength, but its direct effect on strength endurance remains unclear, as well as the influence of stretching duration. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the direct effect of static stretching of the quadriceps muscle, as well as the stretching duration, on the strength endurance during a unilateral knee extension exercise. Methods: Fifteen strength-trained men (age 28 ± 3 years, height 1.70 ± 0.09 m, body mass 70 ± 5 kg, training experience 5 ± 1 years) took part in a randomized counterbalanced cross-over study. Participants' total number of repetitions was assessed during strength endurance tests (four sets until failure at 70% of one-repetition maximum) performed under three different conditions in separate days: control - no stretching (CON), short-duration stretching (SDS) and long-duration stretching (LDS). Three stretching exercises, with 3 sets lasting 30 seconds each, were performed during SDS, while the number of sets during LDS was doubled. Data were analyzed using mixed models and magnitude-based inferences (MBI). Results: Despite of a significant decrease in the number of repetitions during the strength endurance test performed across the exercise sets (main Set effect p < .001), neither the number of repetitions in each set (main Condition effect p = .95) nor the total number of repetitions (main Condition effect p = .86) were significantly different between the conditions. MBI analysis revealed that changes in the total number of repetitions after SDS and LDS were mainly trivial compared to CON. Conclusions: Regardless of its duration, an acute session of static stretching did not influence strength endurance.
Genotype by environment interaction effects on grain yield of highland maize (Zea mays L) hybrids

Maize varieties adapted to highland environments are generally scarce in East and Central Africa (ECA) since most breeding efforts have focused on mid-altitude maize. As a result, farmers in the highlands of Uganda mainly grow varieties that are bred for the mid-altitude zones. Since these maize varieties are not adapted to highland conditions, their productivity in this region rarely exceeds 2 t ha-1. This study was aimed at determining the effect of genotype by environment interactions (GEI) on the grain yield of highland maize hybrids. The study was conducted in three highland locations of Uganda in the maize growing season of March to October 2015. Thirty-six F hybrids and two checks were arranged in a 2 x18 (0, 1) alpha lattice design with two replications. Hybrid by location interaction had highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) and explained 46.2% of phenotypic variance. Genotype by environment interactions (GEI), thus, had a strong effect on grain yield. Analyses revealed two maize mega- environments, with AMH701-9/AMH703-22 hybrid emerging the best genotype in Kachwekano and Kalengyere (6.69 t ha-1 and 14.30 t ha-1), and AMH701-9/AMH701-20 hybrid being the best in Buginyanya (14.39 t ha-1). Efforts to breed for high yielding maize cultivars for the highland areas of Uganda should therefore focus more on specific adaptation than broad adaptation.
Assessment of radiogenic heat generation in a flood plain of crystalline Basement rocks

Concentrations of radioelements in a flood plain of Crystalline Basement Complex are determined, with the aim of assessing the radiogenic heat produced in the study area. Ten soil samples are collected for analysis using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry technique from ACME Laboratories. The radiogenic heat contributions by each radioelement in the flood plain varied from 95.70 to 393.37 ρw/kg; 71.68 to 642.56 ρw/kg; and 0.0088 to 0.0188 ρw/kg for uranium, thorium and potassium respectively. However, the total radiogenic heat production varied from 167.39 to 1034.9 ρw/kg, with thorium being the major contributor to the total heat generated in the study area. Nine locations in the study area are characterized by Low Heat Potential (LHP), while the remaining one is characterized by Moderate Heat Potential. On average, the study area could be classified as LHP, which is in agreement with some of the studies in crystalline terrain of Nigeria.
PREVALENCE OF EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG 3-6-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN IN TRABZON

Aim: The aim of this survey is to evaluate the relationship between dmf-t index and various risk factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, nutrition and oral health habits of 1083 preschool children who have been attending the preschools in Trabzon. Material and Methods: Children, ages between 3 and 6 years old from 7 state schools and 1 private school, have been included for this research. Questionnaires were used to collect the necessary data. Children were examined using an intraoral mirror and a probe in a day light. The chi-square test was used to analyze data. In addition, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the magnitude of the relationship between dental caries and its associated risk factors. Results: The results revealed that the prevalence of ECC in preschool children was 63.1% and that of SECC was 20.4%. The mean dmf-t score was found to be 2.95 ± 3.60. It was shown that ECC prevalence and mean dmf-t increased significantly with age. The prevalence of ECC was significantly higher in children who were breastfed for longer than six months, those who had never brushed their teeth and those who had a previous dental visit. However, yogurt and cheese consumption was statistically significant in preventing ECC and affecting the severity of dental caries. Conclusion: The most important data which is necessary to determine the dental treatment requirements of communities is obtained from the dmft indicies, oral health habits, nutrition and socioeconomic status. Studies in this direction make contribution to raise oral health knowledge level and consciousness of parents.