Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
KLA: A new algorithmic paradigm for parallel graph computations

This paper proposes a new algorithmic paradigm — k-level asynchronous (KLA) — that bridges level-synchronous and asynchronous paradigms for processing graphs. The KLA paradigm enables the level of asynchrony in parallel graph algorithms to be parametrically varied from none (level-synchronous) to full (asynchronous). The motivation is to improve execution times through an appropriate trade-off between the use of fewer, but more expensive global synchronizations, as in level-synchronous algorithms, and more, but less expensive local synchronizations (and perhaps also redundant work), as in asynchronous algorithms. We show how common patterns in graph algorithms can be expressed in the KLA pardigm and provide techniques for determining k, the number of asynchronous steps allowed between global synchronizations. Results of an implementation of KLA in the STAPL Graph Library show excellent scalability on up to 96K cores and improvements of 10× or more over level-synchronous and asynchronous versions for graph algorithms such as breadth-first search, PageRank, k-core decomposition and others on certain classes of real-world graphs.
Summarizing and understanding large graphs

How can we succinctly describe a million‐node graph with a few simple sentences? Given a large graph, how can we find its most “important” structures, so that we can summarize it and easily visualize it? How can we measure the “importance” of a set of discovered subgraphs in a large graph? Starting with the observation that real graphs often consist of stars, bipartite cores, cliques, and chains, our main idea is to find the most succinct description of a graph in these “vocabulary” terms. To this end, we first mine candidate subgraphs using one or more graph partitioning algorithms. Next, we identify the optimal summarization using the minimum description length (MDL) principle, picking only those subgraphs from the candidates that together yield the best lossless compression of the graph—or, equivalently, that most succinctly describe its adjacency matrix.
Retinal image registration through simultaneous camera pose and eye shape estimation

In this paper, a retinal image registration method is proposed. The approach utilizes keypoint correspondences and assumes that the human eye has a spherical or ellipsoidal shape. The image registration problem amounts to solving a camera 3D pose estimation problem and, simultaneously, an eye 3D shape estimation problem. The camera pose estimation problem is solved by estimating the relative pose between the views from which the images were acquired. The eye shape estimation problem parameterizes the shape and orientation of an ellipsoidal model for the eye. Experimental evaluation shows 17.91% reduction of registration error and 47.52% reduction of the error standard deviation over state of the art methods.
Automatic quality assessment and segmentation of diabetic retinopathy images

Diabetes is considered to be one of the most dangerous genetic disorders. It could cause the loss of sight in the case of the diabetic retinopathy. Several medical technologies have been developed and improved to cure the diabetes and overcome the lacks of human experts. This can be done by replacing the manual process using human labors with the automatic diagnosis. In order to achieve this purpose, it requires two main steps which will be focused in this paper. They are the quality assessment and the segmentation of diabetic retinopathy images. In the image quality assessment, four features (namely color, contrast, focus, and illumination) have been investigated. As a result, the contrast histogram in the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) space is used. In the image segmentation, the histogram equalization is used in the pre-processing. Then, the image segmentation based on the iterative selection and the grabcut algorithm is applied. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve very promising performance.
The Error Is the Clue: Breakdown In Human-Machine Interaction

This paperfocuses not on the detection and correction of specific errors in the interaction between machines and humans, but rathercases ofmassive deviation from the user’s conversational expectations and desires. This can be the result oftoo many ortoo unusual errors, but also from dialogue strategies designed to minimize error,which make the interaction unnatural in otherways. We study causes of irritation such as over-fragmentation, over-clarity, over-coordination, over-directedness, and repetitiveness ofverbal action, syntax, and intonation. Human reactions to these irritating features typically appearin the following order: tiredness, tolerance, anger, confusion, irony, humor, exhaustion, uncertainty, lack ofdesire to communicate. The studied features ofhuman expressions ofirritation in non-face-to-face interaction are:intonation, emphatic speech, elliptic speech, speed ofspeech, extra-linguistic signs, speed of verbal action, and overlap.
Probabilistic computation and linear time

In this paper, we give an oracle under which BPP is equal to probabilistic linear time, an unusual collapse of a complexity time hierarchy. In addition, we also give oracles where ΔP2 is contained in probabilistic linear time and where BPP has linear sized circuits, as well as oracles for the negation of these questions. This indicates that these questions will not be solved by techniques that relativize. Finally, we note that probabilistic linear time can not contain both NP and BPP, implying that there are languages solvable by interactive proof systems that can not be solved in probabilistic linear time.
TORINO Repository

—MAPPER is a system for enforcing user-speciﬁc policies based on the availability of access nodes that support the capability to dynamically load and execute processing modules on the data path. This work leverages a network access node that, after authenticating a connecting user, loads a set of lightweight virtual machines that process trafﬁc terminated on the user device to implement articulated user-speciﬁc access policies. Speciﬁcally, we demonstrate how a man-in-the-middle-proxy module, dynamically and opportunistically combined with a module capable of mobile application identiﬁcation, can implement complex access policies. The man-in-the-middle-proxy module enables MAP-PER policies to be applied to both clear and HTTPS trafﬁc, while an intelligent trafﬁc classiﬁcation system, provides support for policies based on over 250,000 mobile apps spanning both Android and iOS platforms.
Inhaled Methane Limits the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Dysfunction during Experimental Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Background Methanogenesis can indicate the fermentation activity of the gastrointestinal anaerobic flora. Methane also has a demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential. We hypothesized that enriched methane inhalation can influence the respiratory activity of the liver mitochondria after an ischemia-reperfusion (IR) challenge. Methods The activity of oxidative phosphorylation system complexes was determined after in vitro methane treatment of intact liver mitochondria. Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to standardized 60-min warm hepatic ischemia inhaled normoxic air (n = 6) or normoxic air containing 2.2% methane, from 50 min of ischemia and throughout the 60-min reperfusion period (n = 6). Measurement data were compared with those on sham-operated animals (n = 6 each). Liver biopsy samples were subjected to high-resolution respirometry; whole-blood superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production was measured; hepatocyte apoptosis was detected with TUNEL staining and in vivo fluorescence laser scanning microscopy. Results Significantly decreased complex II-linked basal respiration was found in the normoxic IR group at 55 min of ischemia and a lower respiratory capacity (~60%) and after 5 min of reperfusion. Methane inhalation preserved the maximal respiratory capacity at 55 min of ischemia and significantly improved the basal respiration during the first 30 min of reperfusion. The IR-induced cytochrome c activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and hepatocyte apoptosis were also significantly reduced. Conclusions The normoxic IR injury was accompanied by significant functional damage of the inner mitochondrial membrane, increased cytochrome c activity, enhanced ROS production and apoptosis. An elevated methane intake confers significant protection against mitochondrial dysfunction and reduces the oxidative damage of the hepatocytes.
Cantilever-based measurements on nanomagnets and superconductors

v Acknowledgements . vii Chapter 1 : Introduction . 1 Chapter 2 : Magnetic Measurements using Cantilevers . 3 2.1 Basic Principles of Cantilever Measurements. 3 2.2 Cantilever Magnetometry. 11 2.3 Magnetic Force Microscopy. 15 Chapter 3 : Instrumentation . 27 3.1 Instrument Design . 27 3.2 Cantilevers. 46 3.3 Interferometer. 49 3.4 FM Controller and Detector . 57 3.5 Programming. 61 3.6 Scan Electronics . 64 3.7 Imaging. 67 3.8 Scan Calibration . 73 3.9 Possible Improvements . 76 Chapter 4 : Magnetometry of Cobalt Nanomagnets . 81 4.1 Attaching Nanomagnets to Cantilevers. 82 4.2 The Measurement System . 86 4.3 Angle Dependence at 8.0 K in a 1.6 T Magnetic Field. 86 4.4 Hysteresis Measurements at 8.0 K . 88 4.5 Temperature Dependence of Hysteresis. 90 4.6 Summary . 93 Chapter 5 : Magnetic Force Microscopy of Vortices in Nb. 95 5.1 Imaging as a Function of Field. 96 5.2 Imaging as a Function of Temperature . 100 5.3 Imaging as a Function of Height . 100 5.4 Modeling . 100 Chapter 6 : Vortex Manipulation and Pinning Measurements in Nb. 109 6.1 Manipulating Individual Vortices . 109 6.2 Depinning Measurement Procedure . 113 6.3 Depinning Probabilities. 117 Chapter 7 : Vortex Pinning Measurements in YBCO. 125 7.1 Imaging at Liquid Nitrogen Temperatures. 125 7.2 YBCO Sample. 126 7.3 Imaging Vortices . 130 7.4 Depinning Measurements. 134 7.5 Next Steps . 141
Learning Spatial-Temporal Varying Graphs with Applications to Climate Data Analysis

An important challenge in understanding climate change is to uncover the dependency relationships between various climate observations and forcing factors. Graphical lasso, a recently proposed L1 penalty based structure learning algorithm, has been proven successful for learning underlying dependency structures for the data drawn from a multivariate Gaussian distribution. However, climatological data often turn out to be non-Gaussian, e.g. cloud cover, precipitation, etc. In this paper, we examine nonparametric learning methods to address this challenge. In particular, we develop a methodology to learn dynamic graph structures from spatial-temporal data so that the graph structures at adjacent time or locations are similar. Experimental results demonstrate that our method not only recovers the underlying graph well but also captures the smooth variation properties on both synthetic data and climate data. An important challenge in understanding climate change is to uncover the dependency relationships between various climate observations and forcing factors. Graphical lasso, a recently proposed An important challenge in understanding climate change is to uncover the dependency relationships between various climate observations and forcing factors. Graphical lasso, a recently proposed L1 penalty based structure learning algorithm, has been proven successful for learning underlying dependency structures for the data drawn from a multivariate Gaussian distribution. However, climatological data often turn out to be non-Gaussian, e.g. cloud cover, precipitation, etc. In this paper, we examine nonparametric learning methods to address this challenge. In particular, we develop a methodology to learn dynamic graph structures from spatial-temporal data so that the graph structures at adjacent time or locations are similar. Experimental results demonstrate that our method not only recovers the underlying graph well but also captures the smooth variation properties on both synthetic data and climate data.
Phenotypic Screening of Drug Library in Actively Differentiating Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Phenotypic screening enables the discovery of new drug leads with novel targets. ES cells differentiate into different lineages by successively making use of different subsets of the genome’s possible macromolecular interactions. If a compound effectively targets just one of these interactions, it derails the developmental pathway to produce a phenotypical change. The OTRADI microsource spectrum library of 2000 approved drug components, natural products, and bioactive components was screened for compounds that can induce phenotypic changes in ES cell cultures at 10 µM after 3 days. Twenty-one compounds that induced specific morphologies also induced unique changes to an expression profile of a dozen markers of early embryonic development, indicating that each compound has derailed the molecular developmental process in a characteristic way. Phenotypic screens conducted with ES cultures differentiating along different lineages can be used to efficiently prescreen compounds able to regulate cell differentiation lineage.
Analyse et modelisation de l'impact hydrodynamique et biogeochimique des lacs de gravieres sur la nappe alluviale du val de seine

L'etude porte sur neuf lacs de gravieres situes en plaine alluviale, a proximite de la seine, dans la bassee (77). Ils different par leur superficie (de 1 a 22 ha), leur profondeur moyenne (de 1 a 3,5 m) et leur age (de 5 a 30 ans). Ils ont ete reamenages en plans d'eau a l'aide de remblais peu permeables. Deux plans d'eau recoivent des rejets d'eau de lavage de granulats, prealablement pompee dans la riviere. Un reseau de 16 piezometres au total a ete implante autour des gravieres. L'etude a mis en evidence les perturbations affectant la piezometrie de la nappe engendrees par les gravieres, les remblais ainsi que les rejets. Elle a permis de quantifier les echanges entre les eaux des gravieres, l'atmosphere et les eaux de la nappe. Elle a conduit a l'elaboration d'un modele permettant de determiner les conductivites hydrauliques du milieu poreux aux interfaces nappe/gravieres et les debits associes, par optimisation mathematique du bilan hydrologique des plans d'eau. Ce modele est sensible a l'evapotranspiration reelle qui a du etre mesuree in situ. La validation du modele par des tracages au brome et a l'iode a permis de mettre en evidence les limites du procede resultant de phenomenes d'adsorption. Le suivi de la qualite physico-chimique de l'eau de la nappe et des gravieres a permis de situer leur teneur en elements nutritifs et a mis en evidence le caractere reducteur des eaux de la nappe en rapport avec les remblais. La contribution des milieux etudies aux flux d'elements nutritifs a ete envisagee de deux facons. A l'echelle des gravieres, elle a ete entreprise indirectement a l'aide d'un modele de fonctionnement ecologique, tandis qu'a l'echelle du systeme constitue par les gravieres et les remblais, elle a ete entreprise sur la base du modele hydrodynamique elabore. Ces milieux peuvent pieger 85% des apports en azote, 50% des apports en phosphore, 33% des apports en silice et 85% des apports en carbone organique leur parvenant par la nappe.
Implementing Coordinated Error Recovery for Distributed Object-Oriented Systems with AspectJ

Exception handling is a very popular technique for incorporating fault tolerance into software systems. However, its use for structuring concurrent, distributed systems is hindered by the fact that the exception handling models of many mainstream object-oriented programming languages are sequential. In this paper we present an aspect-based framework for incorporating concurrent exception handling in Java programs. The framework has been implemented in AspectJ, a general purpose aspect-oriented extension to Java. Our main contribution is to show that AspectJ is useful for implementing the concerns related to concurrent exception handling and to provide a useful tool to developers of distributed, concurrent fault-tolerant applications.
Neural Basis of Rhythmic Timing Networks in the Human Brain

Abstract: The study of rhythmicity provides insights into the understanding of temporal coding of music and temporal information processing in the human brain. Auditory rhythms rapidly entrain motor responses into stable steady synchronization states below and above conscious perception thresholds. Studying the neural dynamics of entrainment by measuring brain wave responses (MEG) we found nonlinear scaling of M100 amplitudes generated in primary auditory cortex relative to changes in the period of the rhythmic interval during subliminal and supraliminal tempo modulations. In recent brain imaging studies we have described the neural networks involved in motor synchronization to auditory rhythm. Activated regions include primary sensorimotor and cingulate areas, bilateral opercular premotor areas, bilateral SII, ventral prefrontal cortex, and, subcortically, anterior insula, putamen, and thalamus. Within the cerebellum, vermal regions and anterior hemispheres ipsilateral to the movement became significantly activated. Tracking temporal modulations additionally activated predominantly right prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and intraparietal regions as well as posterior cerebellar hemispheres. Furthermore, strong evidence exists for the substantial benefits of rhythmic stimuli in rehabilitation training with motor disorders.
Design and Analysis of Initial Access in Millimeter Wave Cellular Networks

Initial access is the process which allows a mobile user to first connect to a cellular network. It consists of two main steps: cell search (CS) on the downlink and random access (RA) on the uplink. Millimeter wave (mm-wave) cellular systems typically must rely on directional beamforming (BF) in order to create a viable connection. The BF direction must, therefore, be learned—as well as used—in the initial access process for mm-wave cellular networks. This paper considers four simple but representative initial access protocols that use various combinations of directional BF and omnidirectional transmission and reception at the mobile and the BS, during the CS and RA phases. We provide a system-level analysis of the success probability for CS and RA for each one, as well as of the initial access delay and user-perceived downlink throughput (UPT). For a baseline exhaustive search protocol, we find the optimal BS beamwidth and observe that in terms of initial access delay it is decreasing as blockage becomes more severe, but is relatively constant (about $\pi /12$ ) for UPT. Of the considered protocols, the best tradeoff between initial access delay and UPT is achieved under a fast CS protocol.
Annotated Hungarian National Corpus

Current paper presents the results of a two-year project during which a consortium of the University of Szeged and the MorphoLogic Ltd. Budapest developed a morpho-syntactically parsed and annotated (disambiguated) corpus for Hun-garian. For morpho-syntactic encoding, the Hungarian version of MSD (Morpho-Syntactic Description) has been used. The corpus contains texts of five different topic areas: schoolchildren's compositions, fiction, computer-related texts, news, and legal texts. During annotation, linguists have checked the morpho-syntactic parsing of each word. Finding part-of-speech tagging (disambiguation) rules by machine learning algorithms was also studied by the researchers of the consortium. Due to the fact that the size of the corpus reaches up to 1 million text words without punctuation characters, it may serve as a reference source for numerous future research applications. The corpus can be obtained freely via Internet for research and educational purposes.
Texture potential MIP mapping, a new high-quality texture antialiasing algorithm

A refined version of the texture potential mapping algorithm is introduced in which a one-dimensional MIP map is incorporated. This has the effect of controlling the maximum number of texture samples required. The new technique is compared to existing texture antialiasing methods in terms of quality and sample count. The new method is shown to compare favorably with existing techniques for producing high quality antialiased, texture-mapped images.
Lipid and fatty acid composition of cytoplasmic membranes from Streptomyces hygroscopicus and its stable protoplast-type L form

The cells of an L-form strain of Streptomyces hygroscopicus have been grown for 20 years without a cell wall. Their cytoplasmic membranes have high stability and an unusual structural polymorphism. To clarify the importance of the lipid components for these membrane properties, a comparative analysis has been carried out with purified membranes of L-form cells, of parent vegetative hyphal cells (N-form cells), and of protoplasts derived from the latter. The phospholipid classes and fatty acids were determined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), two-dimensional TLC, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry. The qualitative compositions of cardiolipin (CL), lyso-cardiolipin (LCL), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE1 and PE2), lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), phosphatidylinositolmannoside (PIM), phosphatidic acid (PA), dilyso-cardiolipin-phosphatidylinositol (DLCL-PI), and the 13 main fatty acids were the same in the three membrane types. However, significant quantitative differences were observed in the L-form membrane. They consist of a three- to fourfold-higher content of total, extractable lipids, 20% more phospholipids, an increased content of CL and PIM, and a reduced amount of the component DLCL-PI. Furthermore, the L-form membrane is characterized by a higher content of branched anteiso 15:0 and anteiso 17:0 fatty acids compared to that of the membranes of the walled vegetative cells. These fatty acids have lower melting points than their straight and iso-branched counterparts and make the membrane more fluid. The phospholipid composition of the protoplast membrane differs quantitatively from that of the N form and the L form. Whereas the phospholipid classes are mostly similar to that of the N form, the fatty acid pattern tends to be closer to that of the L-form membrane. The membranes of both the L-form cells and the protoplasts need to be more fluid because of their spherical cell shape and higher degree of curvature compared with N-form membranes.
Minimising pain in farm animals : the 3 S approach – ‘ Suppress , Substitute ,

INRA, UMR 1300, Bio-Agression, Epidémiologie et Analyse de Risque, F-44307 Nantes, France; Oniris, UMR 1300, Bio-Agression, Epidémiologie et Analyse de Risque, F-44307 Nantes, France; Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, France; Anaesthesia Section, Department for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland; Allevia AG, The Bone CRO, Bern, Switzerland; INRA, UAR378, Service Déconcentré d’Appui à la Recherche, Equipe Régionale d’Information Scientifique et Technique, F-34060 Montpellier, France; INRA, Délégation et Partenariat aux Entreprises, F-75337 Paris Cedex 07, France; INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; INRA, UR 1134 Laboratoire Etudes et Recherches Economiques, F-44300 Nantes, France; INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; INRA, UMR 444 Génétique Cellulaire, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; INRA, UMR 1079 Systèmes d’Elevage Nutrition Animale et Humaine, F-35590 Saint-Gilles, France; INRA, UMR 0791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, F-75231 Paris, France; INRA, UR 1213, Herbivores, F-63122 St-Genès Champanelle, France; INRA, CODIR, F-75338 Paris, France